bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intake of total dietary sugar and fibre is associated with insulin resistance among Danish 8–10- and 14–16-year-old girls but not boys. European Youth Heart Studies I and II
Authors: Kynde Iben , Johnsen Nina F , Wedderkopp Niels , Bygbjerg Ib C , Helge Jørn W , Heitmann Berit L 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the dietary intake of total sugar, added sugar, non-added sugar and starch as well as dietary fibre and glycaemic index (GI) and their respective associations with insulin resistance.DesignMixed linear models were used to study both cross-sectional and prospective associations between carbohydrate components and insulin resistance separately in girls and boys. Diet was assessed by a single 24 h recall interview and insulin resistance was calculated using the homoestasis model assessment (HOMA).SettingThe Danish part of the European Youth Heart Studies (EYHS) I and II.SubjectsGirls and boys at 8–10 and 14–16 years from EYHS I (n651) and 8–10-year-olds from baseline followed up 6 years later in EYHS II (n233).ResultsAmong girls, a difference in dietary total sugar of 43 g/MJ was associated with a 1sddifference of HOMA and a difference in dietary fibre of −8 g/MJ was associated with a 1sddifference of HOMA, independent of age, maturity and other confounders (bothP= 0·03). No baseline associations were found among boys and no prospective associations were found in either sex.ConclusionsDietary intake of total sugar may play an adverse role and fibre may play a beneficial role in concurrent insulin resistance among girls but not boys. Sex differences may be due to differences in maturity, physical activity, food patterns and selective reporting behaviours.
Energy efficiency of organic pear production in greenhouses in China
Authors: Liu Yuexian , Høgh-Jensen Henning , Egelyng Henrik , Langer Vibeke 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe development of organic protected cultivation taking place in densely populated areas has raised the question whether it is an environmentally friendly production system. The present study investigated energy consumption of organic pear production in two production systems, namely in traditional Chinese solar greenhouses and in the open field. In both production systems, energy output/input ratio and energy productivity were used as indicators to determine the energy efficiency; yield, cost of production, net economic return per land area unit and benefit/cost ratio were used to evaluate economic productivity. The analysis results indicated that energy input and energy output per land area unit in the solar greenhouse were higher than in the open field; whereas energy efficiency in terms of output/input ratio and energy productivity were lower in the solar greenhouse than those in the open field. However, if energy input sequestered in the protected structure was excluded in the solar greenhouse production system, energy efficiency was higher in the greenhouse system than in the open-field system. Our analysis further showed that the economic costs, the yield, cost of production, gross product value and net income per land area unit in the greenhouse were more than twice as high as those in the open field due to a higher tree density and a premium price. However, the production taking place in the open field used a great share of renewable energy and higher energy efficiency, which may comply more with the principles of organic farming than the greenhouse production system.
Amyloid-like interactions within nucleoporin FG hydrogels
Authors: Ader Christian , Frey Steffen , Maas Werner , Schmidt Hermann Broder , Görlich Dirk , Baldus Marc 
Published: March 2010

The 62 kDa FG repeat domain of the nucleoporin Nsp1p forms a hydrogel-based, sieve-like permeability barrier that excludes inert macromolecules but allows rapid entry of nuclear transport receptors (NTRs). We found that the N-terminal part of this domain, which is characterized by Asn-rich inter-FG spacers, forms a tough hydrogel. The C-terminal part comprises charged inter-FG spacers, shows low gelation propensity on its own, but binds the N-terminal part and passivates the FG hydrogel against nonselective interactions. It was previously shown that a hydrophobic collapse involving Phe residues is required for FG hydrogel formation. Using solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we now identified two additional types of intragel interactions, namely, transient hydrophobic interactions between Phe and methyl side chains as well as intermolecular β-sheets between the Asn-rich spacer regions. The latter appear to be the kinetically most stable structures within the FG hydrogel. They are also a central feature of neuronal inclusions formed by Asn/Gln-rich amyloid and prion proteins. The cohesive properties of FG repeats and the Asn/Gln-rich domain from the yeast prion Sup35p appear indeed so similar to each other that these two modules interact
in trans
. Our data, therefore, suggest a fully unexpected cellular function of such interchain β-structures in maintaining the permeability barrier of nuclear pores. They provide an explanation for how contacts between FG repeats might gain the kinetic stability to suppress passive fluxes through nuclear pores and yet allow rapid NTR passage.
Understanding International Trade in Agricultural Products: One Hundred Years of Contributions by Agricultural Economists
Authors: Josling Tim , Anderson Kym , Schmitz Andrew , Tangermann Stefan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe study of international trade in agricultural products has developed rapidly over the past fifty years. In the 1960s the disarray in world agriculture caused by domestic price support policies became the focus of analytical studies. There followed attempts to measure the distortions caused by policies also in developing countries and to model their impact on world agricultural markets. Tools were advanced to explain the trends and variations in world prices and the implications of market imperfections. Challenges for the future include analyzing trade based on consumer preferences for certain production methods and understanding the impact of climate change mitigation and adaptation on trade.
Environmental Economics: How Agricultural Economists Helped Advance the Field
Authors: Kling Catherine L. , Segerson Kathleen , Shogren Jason F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this essay we examine the coevolution and cross‐fertilization of environmental and agricultural economics over the past century. We discuss the key role that agricultural economists have played in the intellectual development of environmental economics. We focus on three primary contributions: incentive design, nonmarket valuation, and joint determination. The nature of these contributions is illustrated using specific examples from the literature. Agricultural economists’ tendency to focus on applied problems has enriched and broadened both the academic debates and the policy advice provided by economists.
Outcome After Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Fortunato John E , Troy April L , Cuffari Carmen , Davis J Erin , Loza Matthew J , Oliva‐Hemker Maria , Schwarz Kathleen B 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and Objectives:Factors predicting outcome after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in large pediatric cohorts are not well defined. We hypothesized that definable preoperative clinical factors predict the need for further intervention to provide enteral access after PEG. Our aim was to identify factors associated with PEG outcome.Materials and Methods:A retrospective review of 760 (407 boys and 353 girls) patients was performed after PEG at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center from 1994 to 2005. Logistic or multiple linear regression was used to analyze indication; diagnosis; age; prematurity; neurological impairment; weight‐for‐age z scores; modified barium swallow; postoperative complications; need for fundoplication (FP), gastrojejunal tube, or jejunostomy; and length of hospital stay.Results:The median age was 1 year (range 0–26 years). The most common indications given for PEG were failure to thrive (n = 373) and dysphagia (n = 27). Postoperative FP, gastrojejunal tube, or jejunostomy were performed in 66 (10%), 24 (4%), and 9 (1%) patients, respectively. Preoperative report indicated that dysphagia and direct aspiration on modified barium swallow was strongly associated with patients undergoing FP after PEG, 10.6% of patients (P = 0.008, odds ratio 2.4) and 11.2% of patients (P = 0.013, odds ratio 2.8), respectively. Younger preoperative age was also associated with the need for FP (P = 0.0006; median age of 5.8 vs 14 months). Patients with preoperative dysphagia had a longer median length of hospital stay: 8 versus 3 days (P < 0.00001). Patients with neurological impairment demonstrated greater weight gain than neurologically normal patients after PEG (P = 0.04). Minor postoperative complications (most commonly wound infection) were observed in 4% (27/747) of children before hospital discharge from PEG and in 20% of children (138/682) after discharge. There were only 2 major complications (gastric separation and gastrocolonic fistula.). There were no fatalities.Conclusions:Preoperative diagnosis, indication, prematurity, and neurological impairment did not influence postoperative complications.
Dynamic Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of an Arabidopsis SR Splicing Factor: Role of the RNA-Binding Domains
Authors: Rausin Glwadys , Tillemans Vinciane , Stankovic Nancy , Hanikenne Marc , Motte Patrick 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins are essential nuclear-localized splicing factors. We have investigated the dynamic subcellular distribution of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) RSZp22 protein, a homolog of the human 9G8 SR factor. Little is known about the determinants underlying the control of plant SR protein dynamics, and so far most studies relied on ectopic transient overexpression. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the RSZp22 expression profile and describe its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling properties in specific cell types. Comparison of transient ectopic- and stable tissue-specific expression highlights the advantages of both approaches for nuclear protein dynamic studies. By site-directed mutagenesis of RSZp22 RNA-binding sequences, we show that functional RNA recognition motif RNP1 and zinc-knuckle are dispensable for the exclusive protein nuclear localization and speckle-like distribution. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging also revealed that these motifs are implicated in RSZp22 molecular interactions. Furthermore, the RNA-binding motif mutants are defective for their export through the CRM1/XPO1/Exportin-1 receptor pathway but retain nucleocytoplasmic mobility. Moreover, our data suggest that CRM1 is a putative export receptor for mRNPs in plants.
Student Reactions to Learning About Probability and Statistics: Evaluating the Quantitative Literacy Project
Authors: Garfield Joan , Ahlgren Andrew 
Published: March 2010

The NCTM “Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics” (1989) reflect the current movement to introduce probability and statistics in the precollege curriculum. These standards include topics and principles for instruction in probability and statistics which are included in the Quantitative Literacy Project (QLP) curriculum materials. This paper presents results of a survey which explored the successes of the QLP materials in terms of student reactions to instruction in probability and statistics.A student survey of 917 students of teachers trained in QLP workshops assessed how students regarded the instructional materials in general, how well they liked learning topics in probability and statistics, and how well they believed that they had learned the content. Results indicated that students have mostly positive attitudes towards learning statistics. However, fewer students felt it was useful to learn about these topics. An increase in positive attitudes with grade level suggests the topics may be received more favorably and, therefore, may more appropriately be used in higher grades.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Abdi S. Wali 
Published: March 2010

Book reviewed in this article:Cabell's Directory of Publishing Opportunities in Education, Third Edition, David W. E. CabellThe Bones Book And Skeleton Gamebook, Stephen CumbaaThinking Connections: Learning to Think and Thinking to Learn, D.N. Perkins, H. Goodrich, S. Tishman, J. M. Owen
Evaluation of a Novel Broad-Spectrum PCR-Multiplex Genotyping Assay for Identification of Cutaneous Wart-Associated Human Papillomavirus Types
Authors: de Koning Maurits N. C. , ter Schegget Jan , Eekhof Just A. H. , Kamp Marga , Kleter Bernhard , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Feltkamp Mariet C. W. , Bouwes Bavinck Jan Nico , Purdie Karin J. , Bunker Christopher B. , Proby Charlotte M. , Meys Rhonda , Harwood Catherine A. , Quint Wim G. V. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT
A large number of human papillomavirus (HPV) types, distributed over five papillomavirus genera, are detectable in the skin. HPV types belonging to the alpha, gamma, and mu genera have been detected in cutaneous warts. A state-of-the-art HPV genotyping assay for these cutaneous wart-associated HPV types does not exist although warts constitute a highly prevalent skin condition, especially in children (33%) and organ transplant recipients (45%). Cutaneous warts are again the focus of attention as their clinical relevance rises with the increasing number of chronically immunosuppressed patients. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a DNA-based genotyping system for all known cutaneous wart-related HPV types using PCR and Luminex xMAP technology. The broad-spectrum PCR amplified DNA of all known wart-associated HPV types from the genera alpha (HPVs 2, 3, 7, 10, 27, 28, 29, 40, 43, 57, 77, 91, and 94), gamma (HPVs 4, 65, 95, 48, 50, 60, and 88), mu (HPVs 1 and 63), and nu (HPV41). The probes were evaluated using plasmid HPV DNA and a panel of 45 previously characterized cutaneous wart biopsy specimens showing high specificity. HPV was also identified in 96% of 100 swabs from nongenital cutaneous warts. HPV types 1, 2, 27, and 57 were the most prevalent HPV types detected in 89% of the swabs. In conclusion, this Luminex-based genotyping system identifies all known cutaneous wart HPV types including phylogenetically related types, is highly HPV type specific, and is suitable for large-scale epidemiological studies.
NovelBurkholderiales23S rRNA Genes Identified in Ileal Biopsy Samples from Children: Preliminary Evidence that a Subtype Is Associated with Perianal Crohn's Disease
Authors: Sim W. H. , Wagner J. , Cameron D. J. , Catto-Smith A. G. , Bishop R. F. , Kirkwood C. D. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTA novel family ofBurkholderialesbacteria was identified in ileal biopsy specimens from children presenting with symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. A molecular subtyping approach based on sequencing of a variable region of the bacteria's 23S rRNA genes identified three variants. Pilot analysis identified one variant to be significantly associated with perianal Crohn's disease.
Unseasonal Transmission of H3N2 Influenza A Virus During the Swine-Origin H1N1 Pandemic
Authors: Ghedin Elodie , Wentworth David E. , Halpin Rebecca A. , Lin Xudong , Bera Jayati , DePasse Jay , Fitch Adam , Griesemer Sara , Hine Erin , Katzel Daniel A. , Overton Larry , Proudfoot Kathleen , Sitz Jeffrey , Szczypinski Bridget , StGeorge Kirsten , Spiro David J. , Holmes Edward C. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT
The initial wave of swine-origin influenza A virus (pandemic H1N1/09) in the United States during the spring and summer of 2009 also resulted in an increased vigilance and sampling of seasonal influenza viruses (H1N1 and H3N2), even though they are normally characterized by very low incidence outside of the winter months. To explore the nature of virus evolution during this influenza “off-season,” we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of H1N1 and H3N2 sequences sampled during April to June 2009 in New York State. Our analysis revealed that multiple lineages of both viruses were introduced and cocirculated during this time, as is typical of influenza virus during the winter. Strikingly, however, we also found strong evidence for the presence of a large transmission chain of H3N2 viruses centered on the south-east of New York State and which continued until at least 1 June 2009. These results suggest that the unseasonal transmission of influenza A viruses may be more widespread than is usually supposed.
Macropinocytotic Uptake and Infection of Human Epithelial Cells with Species B2 Adenovirus Type 35
Authors: Kälin Stefan , Amstutz Beat , Gastaldelli Michele , Wolfrum Nina , Boucke Karin , Havenga Menzo , DiGennaro Fabienne , Liska Nicole , Hemmi Silvio , Greber Urs F. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Human adenovirus serotype 35 (HAdV-35; here referred to as Ad35) causes kidney and urinary tract infections and infects respiratory organs of immunocompromised individuals. Unlike other adenoviruses, Ad35 has a low seroprevalence, which makes Ad35-based vectors promising candidates for gene therapy. Ad35 utilizes CD46 and integrins as receptors for infection of epithelial and hematopoietic cells. Here we show that infectious entry of Ad35 into HeLa cells, human kidney HK-2 cells, and normal human lung fibroblasts strongly depended on CD46 and integrins but not heparan sulfate and variably required the large GTPase dynamin. Ad35 infections were independent of expression of the carboxy-terminal domain of AP180, which effectively blocks clathrin-mediated uptake. Ad35 infections were inhibited by small chemicals against serine/threonine kinase Pak1 (p21-activated kinase), protein kinase C (PKC), sodium-proton exchangers, actin, and acidic organelles. Remarkably, the F-actin inhibitor jasplakinolide, the Pak1 inhibitor IPA-3, or the sodium-proton exchange inhibitor 5-(
N
-ethyl-
N
-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA) blocked endocytic uptake of Ad35. Dominant-negative proteins or small interfering RNAs against factors driving macropinocytosis, including the small GTPase Rac1, Pak1, or the Pak1 effector C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1), potently inhibited Ad35 infection. Confocal laser scanning microscopy, electron microscopy, and live cell imaging showed that Ad35 colocalized with fluid-phase markers in large endocytic structures that were positive for CD46, αν integrins, and also CtBP1. Our results extend earlier observations with HAdV-3 (Ad3) and establish macropinocytosis as an infectious pathway for species B human adenoviruses in epithelial and hematopoietic cells.
The “Sealed Nectar”: An Overview of a Sufi Treatise of 'Umar al-Suhrawardī (d. 632 AH/1234 AD)
Authors: Salamah-Qudsi Arin Shawkat 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBesides the analysis of one impact of al-Suhrawardī's teachings—his division of the Sufi path—there are other bases for assuming a more varied system of thought, one that runs counter his reputation as a moderate Sufi thinker. Through study of an unknown text of the author, a conclusion was reached that 'moderation' as related to Sufi authors is an evaluation that should be reconsidered. The specific discourse in the above text demonstrates rhetorical differences between long Sufi manuals and short epistles and treatises, most prominently manifest in the way the author reviews the highest and ultimate ranks of the Sufi path in terms of unity, and of immortality in Deity. Rereading al-Suhrawardī's writings reveals the author's talents for reaching into the mentality of the ordinary man, and flexibility when relating to problematic issues. This paper is one attempt in the direction of a wide-ranging study of what had long been considered 'moderate', 'official', and 'high' with in Classical Sufism.
The Binds of the Anxious Mariner: Patriarchy, Paternalism, and the Maritime Culture of Eighteenth-Century Bermuda
Authors: Jarvis Michael J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis essay examines the roles and social responsibilities of mariners (ship captains and mates) through a close study of eighteenth-century Bermuda’s merchant marine. Challenging studies focused on ordinary seamen which mainly portray ship captains in negative, oppositional ways, this article instead explores links between the crews of typical small intercolonial trading vessels. Bermudian mariners had complex, reciprocal relationships with both the free and enslaved men who worked under them and with the broader maritime community that they served. Because Bermuda’s merchant marine resembled that of many other Anglo-American seaports, the portrait of the mariner that emerges for this island helps us better understand American seafaring culture and communities generally.
Comparing Health Professional Work Orientation in French and Canadian Hospitals: Structural Influence of Patients in Open and Closed Units
Authors: Hirschkorn Kristine , Khokher Patricia , Sainsaulieu Ivan , Bourgeault Ivy Lynn 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper we present comparative qualitative data on the influence of patients on the relationship between health professionals and hospitals in France and Canada. We elaborate specifically on a typology that depicts the structural influence of patients in terms of open and closed communities. Our analysis reveals some key differences between the open and closed communities across the two countries. Health professionals in open communities in France were able to establish a stronger relationship with patients than those in Canada. Professionals in France described a weaker connection with their colleagues than in Canada, and this may be one of the triggers of stress, burnout and high turnover. There were more similarities among closed communities in Canada and France. Conceptualizing the structural influence of patients in terms of open and closed community ideal types is a useful heuristic device that moves the implicit and explicit influence of patients to the foreground of the analysis of the relations between health professions and organizations.
Rethinking the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: Identity, Politics, Scholarship
Authors: Gamaghelyan Phil 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article builds on the author’s research concerning the role of collective memory in identity-based conflicts, as well as his practical work as the co-director of the Imagine Center for Conflict Transformation and as a trainer and facilitator with various Azerbaijani-Armenian dialogue initiatives. It is not a comprehensive study of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, but presents a general overview of the Nagorno-Karabakh peace process, what has contributed to its failure, and which areas require major rethinking of conventional approaches. The discussion does not intend to present readers with a set of conclusions, but to provide suggestions for further critical research.
Nagorno-Karabakh Negotiations: Though the Prism of a Multi-Issue Bargaining Model
Authors: Ziyadov Taleh 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article examines various phases in the Nagorno-Karabakh (NK) negotiations between Armenia and Azerbaijan using a Multi-Issue Bargaining Model ‐ a modified version of the traditional bargaining model. It offers micro-level and phase-by-phase analysis of the negotiation process, mediation efforts and proposed mechanisms for the settlement of the NK conflict. Issues on the negotiation table and the evolution of the Azerbaijani and Armenian positions over time constitute a central focus of the article. The multi-issue model is applied to each negotiation phase in the NK conflict from 1994 until 2009.