bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Stable Vanadium Redox‐Flow Battery with High Energy Density for Large‐Scale Energy Storage
Authors: Li Liyu , Kim Soowhan , Wang Wei , Vijayakumar M. , Nie Zimin , Chen Baowei , Zhang Jianlu , Xia Guanguang , Hu Jianzhi , Graff Gordon , Liu Jun , Yang Zhenguo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe all‐vanadium redox flow battery is a promising technology for large‐scale renewable and grid energy storage, but is limited by the low energy density and poor stability of the vanadium electrolyte solutions. A new vanadium redox flow battery with a significant improvement over the current technology is reported in this paper. This battery uses sulfate‐chloride mixed electrolytes, which are capable of dissolving 2.5 M vanadium, representing about a 70% increase in energy capacity over the current sulfate system. More importantly, the new electrolyte remains stable over a wide temperature range of −5 to 50 °C, potentially eliminating the need for electrolyte temperature control in practical applications. This development would lead to a significant reduction in the cost of energy storage, thus accelerating its market penetration.
Resting functional connectivity in patients with brain tumors in eloquent areas
Authors: Martino Juan , Honma Susanne M. , Findlay Anne M. , Guggisberg Adrian G. , Owen Julia P. , Kirsch Heidi E. , Berger Mitchel S. , Nagarajan Srikantan S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveResection of brain tumors adjacent to eloquent areas represents a challenge in neurosurgery. If maximal resection is desired without inducing postoperative neurological deficits, a detailed knowledge of the functional topography in and around the tumor is crucial. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the value of preoperative magnetoencephalography (MEG) imaging of functional connectivity to predict the results of intraoperative electrical stimulation (IES) mapping, the clinical gold standard for neurosurgical localization of functional areas.MethodsResting‐state whole‐cortex MEG recordings were obtained from 57 consecutive subjects with focal brain tumors near or within motor, sensory, or language areas. Neural activity was estimated using adaptive spatial filtering algorithms, and the mean imaginary coherence between the rest of the brain and voxels in and around brain tumors were compared to the mean imaginary coherence between the rest of the brain and contralesional voxels as an index of functional connectivity. IES mapping was performed in all subjects. The cortical connectivity pattern near the tumor was compared to the IES results.ResultsMaps with decreased resting‐state functional connectivity in the entire tumor area had a negative predictive value of 100% for absence of eloquent cortex during IES. Maps showing increased resting‐state functional connectivity within the tumor area had a positive predictive value of 64% for finding language, motor, or sensory cortical sites during IES mapping.InterpretationPreoperative resting state MEG connectivity analysis is a useful noninvasive tool to evaluate the functionality of the tissue surrounding tumors within eloquent areas, and could potentially contribute to surgical planning and patient counseling. Ann Neurol 2011;69:–
Neuronal cell death in neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia
Authors: Northington Frances J. , Chavez‐Valdez Raul , Martin Lee J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPerinatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in infants and young children. Therapeutic opportunities are very limited for neonatal and pediatric HIE. Specific neural systems and populations of cells are selectively vulnerable in HIE; however, the mechanisms of degeneration are unresolved. These mechanisms involve oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, inflammation, and the activation of several different cell death pathways. Decades ago the structural and mechanistic basis of the cellular degeneration in HIE was thought to be necrosis. Subsequently, largely due to advances in cell biology and to experimental animal studies, emphasis has been switched to apoptosis or autophagy mediated by programmed cell death (PCD) mechanisms as important forms of degeneration in HIE. We have conceptualized based on morphological and biochemical data that this degeneration is better classified according to an apoptosis‐necrosis cell death continuum and that programmed cell necrosis has prominent contribution in the neurodegeneration of HIE in animal models. It is likely that neonatal HIE evolves through many cell death chreodes influenced by the dynamic injury landscape. The relevant injury mechanisms remain to be determined in human neonatal HIE, though preliminary work suggests a complexity in the cell death mechanisms greater than that anticipated from experimental animal models. The accurate identification of the various cell death chreodes and their mechanisms unfolding within the immature brain matrix could provide fresh insight for developing meaningful therapies for neonatal and pediatric HIE. Ann Neurol 2011;69:743–758
Nonisothermal curing of a solid resole phenolic resin
Authors: Zhou Da‐Peng , Du Siping , Yu Liqiong , Liu Zheng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA commercial solid resole phenolic resin was thoroughly characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, NMR, and gel permeation chromatography, and its nonisothermal curing reaction was studied systematically with differential scanning calorimetry at a series of heating rates (βs) of 3, 4.5, 5.7, and 10°C/min. The results show that the solid resole had a higher molecular weight than conventional liquid resoles, and its reactive hydroxymethyl (CH2OH) and dibenzyl ether (CH2OCH2) functionalities participated in the crosslinking reaction upon heating. The nonisothermal curing reaction of the solid resole exhibited a relatively constant reaction heat, whereas the onset, peak, and end curing temperatures increased gradually with increasing βs. In addition, the reaction kinetics of the solid resole was analyzed with an nth‐order reaction model, the global activation energy was determined with the Kissinger method, and the reaction order was derived from the Crane equation. The obtained rate equation was applied to simulate the reaction time, conversion, and reaction rate, with a good fit achieved between the experimental data and the model predications. In conclusion, this study provided us with new knowledge on solid resoles at a molecular level and was also a great help for the curing procedure design, property optimization, and practical application of this commercial solid resole. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Properties of publications on anatomy in medical education literature
Authors: Vorstenbosch Marc , Bolhuis Sanneke , van Kuppeveld Sascha , Kooloos Jan , Laan Roland 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPublications on anatomy in medical education appear to be largely anecdotal. To explore this, we investigated the literature on anatomy in medical education, aiming first to evaluate the contribution of the literature on anatomy in medical education to “best evidence medical education” (BEME) and second to evaluate the development of this literature toward more “best evidence” between 1985 and 2009. Four databases were searched for publications on anatomy in medical education published between 1985 and 2009, resulting in 525 references. Hundred publications were characterized by five variables (journal category, paper subject, paper category, author perspective, and paper perspective). Statements from these publications were characterized by two variables (category and foundation). The publications contained 797 statements that involved the words “anatomy,” “anatomical,” or “anatomist.” Forty‐five percent of the publications contained no explicit research question. Forty percent of the statements made were about “teaching methods” and 17% about “teaching content,” 8% referred to “practical value,” and 10% to “side effects” of anatomy education. Ten percent of the statements were “positional,” five percent “traditional,” four percent “self‐evident,” and two percent referred to “quality of care.” Fifty‐six percent of the statements had no foundation, 17% were founded on empirical data, and 27% by references. These results substantiated the critical comments about the anecdotal nature of the literature. However, it is encouraging to see that between 1985 and 2009 the number of publications is rising that these publications increasingly focus on teaching methods and that an academic writing style is developing. This suggests a growing body of empirical literature about anatomy education. Anat Sci Educ 4: 105–114, 2011. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists
Pseudoganglion on the connecting branch between the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve and medial plantar nerve
Authors: Arakawa Takamitsu , Sekiya Shin‐Ichi , Terashima Toshio , Miki Akinori 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe connecting branch between the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve and medial plantar nerve often has an enlarged site. We investigated these enlarged sites of the connecting branches. We observed the 22 human feet of 20 Japanese cadavers. We investigated the connecting branch macroscopically and histologically. We found the connecting branches between the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve and medial plantar nerve in 19 feet out of 22 feet. This connecting nerve branch was interposed between the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus and the flexor hallucis brevis, and there enlarged in the anteroposterior direction. After penetration, numbers of fascicles of this connecting branch were increased at the enlarged site. In this region, the connective tissues surrounding the nerve fascicles and vessels were more developed compared with the adjoining sides of this branch. A few fascicles at this enlarged site innervated the first metatarsophalangeal joint capsule. Other nerve fascicles arose from the connecting branch and branched off muscular branches to the flexor hallucis brevis. This branch possibly receives the physical exertion or friction during gait due to its position. Deformity and overload of the foot can cause sensory disorders of the foot, but the anatomical basis for the relationship between the deformity/overload and sensory disorders of the foot is unclear. We discussed that this connecting branch can be a potential cause of pressure neuropathies in the human foot. Clin. Anat. 24:646–651, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eukaryotic elongation factor‐2 (eEF2): its regulation and peptide chain elongation
Authors: Kaul Gautam , Pattan Gurulingappa , Rafeequi Towseef 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRegulation at the level of translation in eukaryotes is feasible because of the longer lifetime of eukaryotic mRNAs in the cell. The elongation stage of mRNA translation requires a substantial amount of energy and also eukaryotic elongation factors (eEFs). The important component of eEFs, i.e. eEF2 promotes the GTP‐dependent translocation of the nascent protein chain from the A‐site to the P‐site of the ribosome. Mostly the eEF2 is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by a specific kinase known as eEF2 kinase, which itself is up‐regulated by various mechanisms in the eukaryotic cell. The activity of this kinase is dependent on calcium ions and calmodulin. Recently it has been shown that the activity of eEF2 kinase is regulated by MAP kinase signalling and mTOR signalling pathway. There are also various stimuli that control the peptide chain elongation in eukaryotic cell; some stimuli inhibit and some activate eEF2. These reports provide the mechanisms by which cells likely serve to slow down protein synthesis and conserve energy under nutrient deprived conditions via regulation of eEF2. The regulation via eEF2 has also been seen in mammary tissue of lactating cows, suggesting that eEF2 may be a limiting factor in milk protein synthesis. Regulation at this level provides the molecular understanding about the control of protein translocation reactions in eukaryotes, which is critical for numerous biological phenomenons. Further the elongation factors could be potential targets for regulation of protein synthesis like milk protein synthesis and hence probably its foreseeable application to synthetic biology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angiographic outcomes with biodegradable polymer and permanent polymer drug‐eluting stents
Authors: Kufner Sebastian , Massberg Steffen , Dommasch Michael , Byrne Robert A. , Tiroch Klaus , Ranftl Sabine , Fusaro Massimiliano , Schömig Albert , Kastrati Adnan , Mehilli Julinda ,   for the Intracoronary Stenting and Angiographic Results: Test Efficacy of 3 Limus‐Eluting Stents (ISAR‐TEST‐4) Trial Investigators
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground: In the Intracoronary Stenting and Angiographic Results: Test Efficacy of 3 Limus‐Eluting Stents (ISAR‐TEST‐4) trial, we demonstrated the noninferiority of biodegradable polymer (BP) sirolimus‐eluting stent to permanent polymer (PP) sirolimus/everolimus‐eluting stent (Cypher/Xience‐V) on the basis of clinical outcomes. In this study, we compare the antirestenotic efficacy of these stents in ISAR‐TEST‐4 patients with paired angiographic studies. Methods: Patients with de novo coronary lesions in native vessels (excluding left main lesions) were randomly assigned to receive a BP stent or a PP stent. Endpoints of interest of this study were in‐stent late lumen loss, in‐segment binary restenosis, and restenosis morphology at 6–8‐month follow‐up angiogram. Results: Of the 2,603 patients (3,372 lesions) enrolled in ISAR TEST‐4 trial, 2,016 patients (2,637 lesions) underwent repeat angiographic examination 6–8 months after randomization: 1,006 patients (1,323 lesions) treated with BP stents and 1,010 patients (1,314 lesions) treated with PP stents. No difference was observed between BP and PP stents in in‐stent late lumen loss (0.24 ± 0.6 vs. 0.26 ± 0.5 mm, respectively, P = 0.49) or in in‐segment binary restenosis (11.6% [153 lesions] vs. 11.8% [155 lesions], P = 0.85). Focal pattern of restenosis was observed in the majority of patients receiving either BP or PP stents. The diffuse pattern of restenosis was observed in 26.8% of patients treated with BP stent and 26.5% of patients treated with PP stent (P = 0.79). Conclusion: Angiographic characteristics of restenosis after BP‐based limus‐eluting stents are similar to those of PP‐based limus‐eluting stents. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of the Profit Function for Industrial 2‐Keto‐L‐Gulonic Acid Cultivation
Authors: Cui L. , Xu Y. , Jia Q. , Wu H. , Yuan J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe profit function is the generic criterion to describe the cost effect of a batch process. To focus on the prediction of the profit function for 2‐keto‐L‐gulonic acid (2‐KGA) cultivation, which is potentially applicable for process monitoring and optimal scheduling, rolling learning‐prediction (RLP) based on a support vector machine (SVM) is applied. The RLP implies that the SVM training database is rolling updated as the batch of current interest proceeds, and the SVM learning is then repeated for the prediction. The database is further updated after termination of a batch. The updating procedures are investigated in detail. Pseudo‐online prediction is carried out using the data from industrial‐scale 2‐KGA cultivation under actual and hypothetical inoculation sequences. The results indicate that the average relative prediction error is less than 5 % in the later phase of fermentation in all inoculation sequences.
Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Peptide‐Based Ebselen Analogues
Authors: Satheeshkumar Kandhan , Mugesh Govindasamy 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of di‐ and tripeptide‐based ebselen analogues has been synthesized. The compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 77Se NMR spectroscopy and mass spectral techniques. The glutathione peroxidase (GPx)‐like antioxidant activity has been studied by using H2O2, tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH), and cumene hydroperoxide (Cum‐OOH) as substrates, and glutathione (GSH) as a cosubstrate. Although all the peptide‐based compounds have a selenazole ring similar to that of ebselen, the GPx activity of these compounds highly depends on the nature of the peptide moiety attached to the nitrogen atom of the selenazole ring. It was observed that the introduction of a phenylalanine (Phe) amino acid residue in the N‐terminal reduces the activity in all three peroxide systems. On the other hand, the introduction of aliphatic amino acid residues such as valine (Val) significantly enhances the GPx activity of the ebselen analogues. The difference in the catalytic activity of dipeptide‐based ebselen derivatives can be ascribed mainly to the change in the reactivity of these compounds toward GSH and peroxide. Although the presence of the Val‐Ala‐CO2Me moiety facilitates the formation of a catalytically active selenol species, the reaction of ebselen analogues that has a Phe‐Ile‐CO2Me residue with GSH does not generate the corresponding selenol. To understand the antioxidant activity of the peptide‐based ebselen analogues in the absence of GSH, these compounds were studied for their ability to inhibit peroxynitrite (PN)‐mediated nitration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123. In contrast to the GPx activity, the PN‐scavenging activity of the Phe‐based peptide analogues was found to be comparable to that of the Val‐based compounds. However, the introduction of an additional Phe residue to the ebselen analogue that had a Val‐Ala dipeptide significantly reduced the potency of the parent compound in PN‐mediated nitration.
Inverse Exergoecological and Economical Analysis of Gas Treatment Processes
Authors: Schöneberger Jan C. , Arellano‐Garcia Harvey , Wozny Günter 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBei allen Prozessen der Energie‐ oder der Verfahrenstechnik, in denen aus Rohstoffen höherwertige Produkte erzeugt werden, müssen Exergie und Kapital aufgebracht werden. Die exergo‐ökonomische Analyse zeigt, welche Kosten mit der Vernichtung von Exergie verbunden sind. Bei der Betrachtung von Abgasbehandlungsprozessen ergeben sich Widersprüche, da diese Prozesse häufig weder aus wirtschaftlicher noch aus energetischer Sicht sinnvoll sind, sondern aus Gründen des Umweltschutzes durchgeführt werden. Das neue Konzept der exergo‐ökonomisch‐ökologischen Prozessanalyse wird vorgestellt und auf Prozesse zur Behandlung schwefelwasserstoffhaltiger Abgase angewandt. Dabei zeigt sich, wie durch diese systematische Analyse Verbesserungspotenziale aufgedeckt werden können.
Erratum: Trace Elements in Sediments and Mussels – Spatial Distribution, Chemical Partitioning, and Risk Assessment
Authors: Khairy Mohammed A. , Kolb Marit , Schmidt Christiane , Zachmann Dieter W. , Mostafa Alaa R. , EL‐Fiky Anwar A. , Bahadir Müfit 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSediment samples were collected from 30 different locations in Abu Qir Bay (Mediterranean Sea), East Alexandria, Egypt and analyzed for trace elements. The highest concentrations of most of the elements were observed in the nearshore stations in the vicinity of the major anthropogenic activities as industrial settlements, wastewater discharges, and agricultural drainage. In addition, mussel samples of Mactra corallina and Tapes decussata were collected corresponding to the sediment samples. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Zn in the mussel tissues were higher than concentrations in sediments, thus indicating their relatively high bioavailability. Sequential extraction procedure was performed on selected sediment samples. Significant correlations were observed between the concentrations of Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn in the exchangeable fraction of the sediments and the corresponding tissues of M. corallina. The output of the risk assessment applied on the sediments revealed that adverse ecological effects to benthic species could occur and that a higher level of risk is expected from the exposure to Cd, Cr, Hg, and Zn. No adverse carcinogenic or non‐carcinogenic human health effects are expected from the consumption of the two mussel species from Abu Qir Bay.
Upfront observation versus radiation for adult pilocytic astrocytoma
Authors: Ishkanian Adrian , Laperriere Normand J. , Xu Wei , Millar Barbara‐Ann , Payne David , Mason Warren , Sahgal Arjun 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although pilocytic astrocytoma accounts for up to 40% of all childhood brain tumors, it is a rare disease in adults. Consequently, there are few mature data on the impact of up‐front treatment options after surgery that include observation or adjuvant radiotherapy.METHODS:Ten women and 20 men were identified who were diagnosed with pilocytic astrocytoma from 1971 to 2007 and were retrospectively reviewed. The median patient age was 30 years (range, 18‐64 years), and the median follow‐up was 87 months (range, 16‐420 months). Initial surgery included biopsy (10% of patients), subtotal resection (57% of patients), or gross‐total resection (33% of patients). Nineteen patients were observed postoperatively, whereas 11 patients received up‐front postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (50 grays in 25 fractions). No patient received adjuvant or concurrent chemotherapy. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Differences between survival curves were analyzed with the log‐rank test.RESULTS:For the entire cohort, the 5‐year and 10‐year OS rates were 95% and 85%, respectively, and the 5‐year and 10‐year PFS rates were 63% and 35%, respectively. The median PFS was 8.4 years. Initial radiation, compared with observation, did not have an impact on OS but significantly improved PFS. The 5‐year PFS rate for patients who were observed versus those who received radiation was 42% versus 91%, respectively; and, at 10 years, the PFS rate was 17% versus 60%, respectively (P = .005). Patients who progressed after observation (11 of 19 patients) received various salvage therapies, resulting in a 2‐year PFS rate of 68% compared with 33% for patients who progressed after initial radiation (3 of 11 patients) and were salvaged with either chemotherapy or surgery (P = .1).CONCLUSIONS:Adjuvant radiotherapy for pilocytic astrocytoma significantly prolonged PFS at both 5 years and 10 years compared with observation. However, equivalent OS was observed, which reflected the efficacy of salvage therapies. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Cervical (pap) smear: New directions
Authors: Koss Leopold G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article reports the historic background leading to the introduction of cervical smears as a tool in the detection of precancerous changes in the uterine cervix. The false‐negative error rate in the primary screening process is discussed and illustrated by data recently compiled from this laboratory. Rescreening of approximately 25% of cervical smears yielded an error screening rate of approximately 5% of precancerous lesions and cancer of the uterine cervix. The total false‐negative screening error rate was much higher but was unknown and should be determined by additional studies. The reasons for the false‐negative screening errors are discussed. Some of the proposed remedies, particularly screening of the entire population for human papillomavirus infection, are judged to be unacceptable because of the high prevalence of this virus in well women and because the biologic events linking the presence of viral DNA with the development of precancerous lesions are unknown. Screening assistance with the help of a newly developed interactive machine, combining image analysis with a neural net was promising as a tool in quality control.