bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐Polymer Functionalized Melanin‐AgNPs Nanocomposite with Hydroxyapatite Binding Ability to Penetrate and Retain in Biofilm Sequentially Treating Periodontitis
Authors: Cao Bing , Zhang Jian , Ma Yingfei , Wang Yanan , li Yun , Wang Ruixue , Cao Donghai , Yang Yongzhen , Zhang Ruiping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPeriodontitis is the leading cause of adult tooth missing. Thorny bacterial biofilm and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in tissue are key elements for the periodontitis process. It is meaningful to develop an advanced therapeutic system with sequential antibacterial/ antioxidant ability to meet the overall goals of periodontitis therapy. Herein, a dual‐polymer functionalized melanin‐AgNPs (P/D‐MNP‐Ag) with biofilm penetration, hydroxyapatite binding, and sequentially treatment ability are fabricated. Polymer enriched with 2‐(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (D), can be protonated in an acid environment with enhanced positive charge, promoting penetration in biofilm. The other polymer is rich in phosphate group (P) and can chelate Ca2+, promoting the polymer to adhere to the hydroxyapatite surface. Melanin has good ROS scavenging and photothermal abilities, after in situ reduction Ag, melanin‐AgNPs composite has sequentially transitioned between antibacterial and antioxidative ability due to heat and acid accelerated Ag+ release. The released Ag+ and heat have synergistic antibacterial effects for bacterial killing. With Ag+ consumption, the antioxidant ability of MNP recovers to scavenge ROS in the inflammatory area. When applied in the periodontitis model, P/D‐MNP‐Ag has good therapeutical effects to ablate biofilm, relieve inflammation state, and reduce alveolar bone loss. P/D‐MNP‐Ag with sequential treatment ability provides a reference for developing advanced oral biofilm eradication systems.
Doped Porous Carbon Spheres with Controllable Vesicle Structure: Preparation and the Effects of Pore Size on Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties
Authors: Liu Zeyu , Wu Jianfeng , Xu Wenzhe , Tariq Muhammad Rizwan , Zhang Baoliang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work reports on the preparation of uniform vesicle‐structural carbon spheres doped with heteroatoms of N, P, and S, with the pore sizes strictly controlled by the hard templates of monodisperse submicron SiO2 spheres. The uniformly doped vesicular carbon microspheres are obtained in three steps: Stöber hydrolysis for the SiO2; in situ polymerization for the immobilization; and alkaline etching after carbonization. The size of the vesicles can be easily adjusted by regulating the particle size of the submicron SiO2 spheres, which has a significant effect on its electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance. Compared with microspheres with pore sizes of 180 and 480 nm, when the vesicle aperture is 327 nm, with only 5.5 wt.% filling load and 1.9 mm thickness, the material shows the best EMW absorption behavior with the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) covers the entire Ku band (6.32 GHz) and the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −36.10 dB, suggesting the optimized pore size of the microspheres can significantly improve the overall impedance matching of the material and achieve broadband wave absorption. This work paves the way for the enhancement of EMW absorption properties of porous material by optimizing the pore size of uniform apertures while maintaining their composition.
The Simpler the Better: Ultrafast Air‐Plasma Synthesis of 3D Crosslinked Graphene Nanoscroll‐Nanosheet Aerogels at Room Temperature for Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Kong Weiqing , Ge Xu , Lu Xiaoyuan , Zhang Qingao , Zhang Meng , Feng Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGraphene nanoscroll (GNS) is an important 1D tubular form of graphene‐derivative materials, which has garnered widely attention. However, conventional fabrication methods commonly suffer from complex processing and time‐consuming. Herein, with graphene oxide (GO) as a precursor, the study puts forward a facile air‐plasma synthesis strategy to fabricate 3D graphene nanoscroll‐nanosheet aerogels (GSSA). It is demonstrated that without using any chemical additives, a highly efficient reduction‐exfoliation‐scrolling process can be achieved all‐in‐one at room temperature within 1 s. The GNSs “grew” from 2D graphene sheets and firmly cross‐linked them together, and they not only provide a shortcut path for electron transport but also act as intrinsic spacers to prevent restacking of graphene sheets. When using as an electrode material for capacitive deionization (CDI), GSSA exhibits excellent merits of salt‐removal performance. These findings open a new pathway to large‐scale synthesis of high‐quality and high‐purity GNS‐based materials with promising applications in CDI and beyond.
A sensory–neuromorphic interface capable of environmental perception, sensory coding, and biological stimuli
Authors: Sun Lin , Du Yi , Zhang Zichen , Qin Siru , Wang Zixian , Li Yue , Qu Shangda , Xu Zhifang , Guo Yi , Xu Wentao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe sensory–neuromorphic interface is key to the application of neuromorphic electronics. Artificial spiking neurons and artificial sensory nerves have been created, and a few studies showed a complete neuromorphic system through cointegration with synaptic electronics. However, artificial synaptic devices and systems often do not work in real environments, which limits their ability to provide realistic neural simulations and interface with biological nerves. We report a sensory–neuromorphic interface that uses a fiber synapse to emulate a biological afferent nerve. For the first time, a sensing–neuromorphic interface is connected to a living organism for peripheral nerve stimulation, allowing the organism to establish a connection with its surrounding environment. The interface converts perceived environmental information into analog electrical signals and then into frequency‐dependent pulse signals, which simplify the information interface between the sensor and the pulse‐data processing center. The frequency of the interface shows a sublinear dependence on strain amplitude at different stimulus intensities, and can deliver increased frequency spikes at potentially damaging stimulus intensities, similar to the response of biological afferent nerves. To verify the application of this interface, a system that monitors strain and provides an overstrain alarm was constructed based on this afferent neural circuit. The system has a response time of <2 ms, which is compatible with the response time in biological systems. The interface can be potentially extended to process signals from almost any type of sensors for other afferent senses, and these results demonstrate the potential for neuromorphic interfaces to be applied to bionic sensory interfaces.
Preserving location‐query privacy in location‐based services: A review
Authors: Rasheed Hira , Md Noor Rafidah , Abdul Ghani Norjihan , Ahmad Iftikhar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLocation‐based services (LBS) leverage the geographical information of a device to deliver information, entertainment, and other services tailored to the user's present location. LBS not only brings leisure to people's lives but also raises concerns about users' privacy. Consequently, location privacy protection has captured the attention of researchers owing to the increased adoption of location‐based services and the potential privacy issues faced by users. Along with location privacy, query privacy is also a crucial privacy concern that incurs possible damage to individual privacy and even to users' safety. Preserving location privacy only secures the user's current location but protection of query privacy guarantees the security of the user's future possible location. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of the relevant studies realized the significance of query privacy. This review paper provides an overview of LBS and its components, classifying the LBS based on: granularity, number of queries, initiator, and range. We investigated the threat model, vulnerabilities, and privacy attacks in LBS, reviewed the approaches used by the researchers to mitigate the location and query privacy threats, and evaluation metrics. We also analyzed the ability of current methods to implicitly/explicitly secure query privacy and the impact of recent technological progression on problem‐building and solution evolution. Finally, this paper concludes by identifying the open issues in the existing research and directions for future work.
Racism in China's English Language Teaching Industry: English as a Race‐Making Technology
Authors: Wang Shuling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article argues that racism is pervasive in China's English language teaching (ELT) industry, yet it is often ignored. It presents that English language education in China should be understood historically in a way that recognizes English as a racializing technology. As a race‐making technology, English has continued making modern Chinese subjects while also posing a threat to Chineseness in the 21st century. This intertwining of race and the English language has translated into a massive ELT industry in China that reproduces whiteness, influencing hiring practices and preferences for White English teachers. Additionally, race intersects with gender, nationality, and class, leading to a highly racialized and gendered ELT industry, exemplified in discourses of “foreign experts” and “foreign trash” popular in China's context. The article concludes by asserting that the English language, as a race‐making technology, has structured the ELT industry, and discussing its implications for future research and practical changes to challenge intersectional racism in the industry.
Optical enhancement mode 2 improves the detection rate of gastric neoplastic lesion in high‐risk populations: A multicenter randomized controlled clinical study
Authors: An Wei , Wu Qi , Su Xiao‐Ju , Sun Hong‐Xin , Wang Jing , Dou Wei‐Jia , Liu Zhen‐Xiong , Liu Gai‐Fang , Zhang Yue‐Han , Xu Shu‐Chang , Chen Ying , Zhang Hao , Zhang Bin , Li Ping , Sun Si‐Yu , Wang Sheng , Liu Wen , Zhang Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Yu‐Shu , Xu Yi‐Jun , Liu Mei , Feng Xin‐Xia , Zuo Xiu‐Li , Li Guang‐Chao , Xu Li‐Dong , Wang Dong , Shi Xin‐Gang , Hu Liang‐Hao , Li Zhao‐Shen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesDetection of early neoplastic lesions is crucial for improving the survival rates of patients with gastric cancer. Optical enhancement mode 2 is a new image‐enhanced endoscopic technique that offers bright images and can improve the visibility of neoplastic lesions. This study aimed to compare the detection of neoplastic lesions with optical enhancement mode 2 and white‐light imaging (WLI) in a high‐risk population.MethodsIn this prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial, patients were randomly assigned to optical enhancement mode 2 or WLI groups. Detection of suspicious neoplastic lesions during the examinations was recorded, and pathological diagnoses served as the gold standard.ResultsA total of 1211 and 1219 individuals were included in the optical enhancement mode 2 and WLI groups, respectively. The detection rate of neoplastic lesions was significantly higher in the optical enhancement mode 2 group (5.1% vs. 1.9%; risk ratio, 2.656 [95% confidence interval, 1.630–4.330]; p < 0.001). The detection rate of neoplastic lesions with an atrophic gastritis background was significantly higher in the optical enhancement mode 2 group (8.6% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001). The optical enhancement mode 2 group also had a higher detection rate among endoscopists with different experiences.ConclusionsOptical enhancement mode 2 was more effective than WLI for detecting neoplastic lesions in the stomach, and can serve as a new method for screening early gastric cancer in clinical practice.Clinical RegistryUnited States National Library of Medicine (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov), ID: NCT040720521.
MALDI‐TOF MS analysis of nasal swabs for the characterization of patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron
Authors: Song Rui , Li Dandan , Hao Xiaohua , Lyu Qian , Ma Qingwei , Chen Xiaoyou , Qiao Liang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the ongoing mutation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) leading to various variants, there is an urgent need for new diagnostic methods for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The existing nucleic acid test and antigen test suffer from long assay time and low sensitivity, respectively. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS)‐based nasal swabs analysis have been demonstrated as a promising technique in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection screening. However, the applicability of the technique in the different variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 is uncertain. Given the prevalence of the Omicron variant since 2022, we developed a MALDI‐TOF‐based diagnosis method with nasal swab samples to detect the infection by this variant. We collected 325 SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive and 221 SARS‐CoV‐2‐negative nasal swab samples, and the molecular mass fingerprints were acquired from the samples by MALDI‐TOF MS. Using a random forest machine learning classification model to analyze the molecular mass fingerprints MALDI‐TOF mass spectra, the accuracy of 97%, false negative rate of 0%, and false positive rate of 7.6% were achieved for the diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Combining the MALDI‐TOF analysis with top‐down proteomics, we identified four potential protein biomarkers, that is, humanin‐like 4, thymosin beta‐10, thymosin beta‐4 and statherin, in the nasal swab for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019. It was further found that the four protein biomarkers can also differentiate the SARS‐CoV‐2 original strains infection and Omicron strains infection. These results suggest that the MALDI‐TOF MS‐based nasal swab analysis holds effective diagnostic capabilities of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and shows promising potential for global application and extension to other infectious diseases.
The Importance of Subnational Engagement with Human Rights Treaties
Authors: Miaz Jonathan , Schmid Evelyne , Niederhauser Matthieu , Kaempfer Constance , Maggetti Martino 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMaking human rights a reality requires that various types of domestic actors take measures, which is very demanding, all the more so in federal systems. Based on a comparative case study of Swiss cantons, we argue that an important part of the game is played at the subnational level, and not following a top-down trajectory, but with repeated back and forth between and within the levels of governance. Actors use human rights treaties in the policy process, sometimes leading to an engagement that increases human rights implementation, and at other times not. In this chapter, we first explore how international law continues to rely upon states’ domestic political institutions to fulfil international obligations—particularly those obligations that require the adoption of policy measures. We review how this state of affairs points to the central role of domestic actors participating in policy processes at the subnational level. Secondly, we contribute to concept formation, by explaining what we mean by political authorities’ ‘engagement with human rights treaties’, which is a key notion that we will use to describe an often crucial, intermediary condition between inaction and the potential implementation of the treaty.
Designing Research for Studying How Subnational Actors Use International Human Rights Treaties
Authors: Miaz Jonathan , Schmid Evelyne , Niederhauser Matthieu , Kaempfer Constance , Maggetti Martino 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis book examines how subnational actors use international human rights treaties and how subnational political authorities, including subnational legislators, come to engage with international treaties. In this chapter, we present our empirical approach, our research design, methods and data. We outline how we combine top-down and bottom-up perspectives, building on scholarship from law, political science and socio-legal studies. We explain and justify the selection of the treaties under investigation and the procedure of data collection for the Swiss case.
An ML-Style Module System for Cross-Stage Type Abstraction in Multi-stage Programming
Authors: Suwa Takashi , Igarashi Atsushi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe proposeMetaFM, a novel ML-style module system that enables users to decomposemulti-stage programs(i.e., programs written in a typedmulti-stage programminglanguage) into loosely coupled components in a manner natural with respect to type abstraction. The distinctive aspect of MetaFM is that it allows values at different stages to be bound in a single structure (i.e.,$$ \textbf{struct} \ \cdots \ \textbf{end} $$struct⋯end). This feature is crucial, for example, for defining a function and a macro that use one abstract type in common, without revealing the implementation detail of that type. MetaFM also accommodatesfunctors,higher-kinded types, the$$\textbf{with} \ \textbf{type} $$withtype-construct, etc. with staging features. For defining semantics and proving type safety, we employ anelaborationtechnique, i.e., type-directed translation to a target language, inspired by the formalization of F-ing Modules. Specifically, we give a set of elaboration rules for converting MetaFM programs intoSystem F$$\omega ^{\langle \rangle }$$ω⟨⟩, a multi-stage extension of System F$$\omega $$ω, and prove that the elaboration preserves typing. Additionally, our language supportscross-stage persistence(CSP), a feature for code reuse spanning more than one stage, without breaking type safety.
Two splits, three ways: advances in double splitting quenches
Authors: Lap Joseph Dominicus , Müller Berndt , Schäfer Andreas , Seidl Clemens 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work we introduce a method for calculating holographic duals of BCFTs with more than two boundaries. We apply it to calculating the dynamics of entanglement entropy in a 1+1d CFT that is instantaneously split into multiple segments and calculate the entanglement entropy as a function of time for the case of two splits, showing that our approach reproduces earlier results for the double split case. Our manuscript lays the groundwork for future calculations of the entanglement entropy for more than two splits and systems at nonzero temperature.
Hofer–Zehnder capacity of magnetic disc tangent bundles over constant curvature surfaces
Authors: Bimmermann Johanna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe compute the Hofer–Zehnder capacity of magnetic disc tangent bundles over constant curvature surfaces. We use the fact that the magnetic geodesic flow is totally periodic and can be reparametrized to obtain a Hamiltonian circle action. The oscillation of the Hamiltonian generating the circle action immediately yields a lower bound of the Hofer–Zehnder capacity. The upper bound is obtained from Lu’s bounds of the Hofer–Zehnder capacity using the theory of pseudo-holomorphic curves. In our case, the gradient spheres of the HamiltonianHwill give rise to the non-vanishing Gromov–Witten invariant.
Die digitalen Fortschrittshubs Gesundheit – Gemeinsame Datennutzung über die Universitätsmedizin hinaus
Authors: Krefting Dagmar , Bavendiek Udo , Fischer Joachim , Marx Gernot , Molinnus Denise , Panholzer Torsten , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Leb Ines , Weidner Jens , Sedlmayr Martin 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDie digitalen Fortschrittshubs Gesundheit pilotieren die Erweiterbarkeit der Konzepte und Lösungen der Medizininformatik-Initiative für eine Verbesserung der regionalen Gesundheitsversorgung und -forschung. Die 6 geförderten Projekte adressieren dabei unterschiedliche Erkrankungen, Stationen in der regionalen Gesundheitsversorgung und Methoden der institutionsübergreifenden Datenverknüpfung und -nutzung. Trotz der Verschiedenheit der Szenarien und regionalen Voraussetzungen sind die technischen, regulativen und organisatorischen Herausforderungen und Hürden, auf die die Fortschrittshubs bei der konkreten Implementierung der Lösungen treffen, oft ähnlich. Daraus ergeben sich teilweise gemeinsame Lösungsansätze, teilweise aber auch Forderungen an die Politik, die über das aus Sicht der Fortschrittshubs begrüßenswerte Gesundheitsdatennutzungsgesetz hinausgehen.In diesem Beitrag stellen wir die digitalen Fortschrittshubs vor und diskutieren Erreichtes, Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze, die eine gemeinsame Nutzung von Daten aus den Universitätskliniken und den nichtakademischen Institutionen des Gesundheitssystems ermöglichen und auch nachhaltig zu einer Verbesserung von medizinischer Versorgung und Forschung beitragen können.
Does one size fit all in the Euro Area? Some counterfactual evidence
Authors: Destefanis Sergio , Fragetta Matteo , Gasteiger Emanuel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper examines whether Euro Area countries would have faced a more favorable inflation output variability tradeoff without the Euro. We provide evidence supporting this claim for the periods of the Great Recession and the Sovereign Debt Crisis. The deterioration of the tradeoff becomes insignificant only after Draghi’s ‘whatever it takes’ announcement. Results show that the detrimental effect of the Euro is more severe for peripheral countries. We base our results on a novel empirical strategy that, consistent with monetary theory, models the joint determination of the variability of inflation and output conditional on structural supply and demand shocks.
Formation of functional, extended bile canaliculi, and increased bile acid production in sandwich-cultured human cryopreserved hepatocytes using commercially available culture medium
Authors: Horiuchi Shinichiro , Kuroda Yukie , Oyafuso Ryota , Komizu Yuji , Maeda Kazuya , Ishida Seiichi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDrug-induced cholestasis results in drug discontinuation and market withdrawal, and the prediction of cholestasis risk is critical in the early stages of drug development. Animal tests and membrane vesicle assay are currently being conducted to assess the risk of cholestasis in the preclinical stage. However, these methods have drawbacks, such as species differences with humans and difficulties in evaluating the effects of drug metabolism and other transporters, implying the need for a cholestasis risk assessment system using human hepatocytes. However, human hepatocytes hardly form functional, extended bile canaliculi, a requirement for cholestasis risk assessment. We previously established a culture protocol for functional, extended bile canaliculi formation in human iPSC-derived hepatocytes. In this study, we modified this culture protocol to support the formation of functional, extended bile canaliculi in human cryopreserved hepatocytes (cryoheps). The production of bile acids, which induces bile canaliculi extension, increased time-dependently during bile canaliculi formation using this protocol, suggesting that increased bile acid production may be involved in the extended bile canaliculi formation. We have also shown that our culture protocol can be applied to cryoheps from multiple donors and that bile canaliculi can be formed stably among different culture batches. Furthermore, this protocol enables long-term maintenance of bile canaliculi and scaling down to culture in 96-well plates. We expect our culture protocol to be a breakthrough for in vitro cholestasis risk assessment.