bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neck and shoulder disability following reconstruction with the pectoralis major pedicled flap
Authors: Moukarbel Roger V. , Fung Kevin , Franklin Jason H. , Leung, Andrew , Rastogi Ravi , Anderson Cathy M. , Yoo John H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To conduct a comprehensive assessment of shoulder and neck function following the pectoralis major pedicled flap (PMPF) for head and neck reconstruction.Design:Case‐control study.Methods:The study group consisted of laryngectomized patients who underwent PMPF and a control group of those who underwent standard laryngectomy. Bilateral quantitative measurements of shoulder strength and range of motion (ROM) and neck ROM by a blinded physiotherapist and subjective quality‐of‐life assessment using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaires were collected. Lateral cervical radiographs in the neutral, flexion, and extension positions were evaluated by a blinded neuroradiologist. The main outcome measures were shoulder ROM, strength, and SPADI scores; physical and radiologic measurements of neck ROM; and NDI Score.Results:Shoulder analysis showed a significantly reduced flexion angle (P = .043) and combined internal/external rotation angle on the operated side (P = .027) and a significant strength reduction for the flexion, external rotation, and adduction domains (P < .05). SPADI score analysis showed a significantly higher disability score (P = .017) and total score (P = .009) on the PMPF side. Neck physical analysis showed significant differences in extension (P = .013) and total ROM distances (P = .002) but not flexion (P = .184). The total flexion/extension angular ROM was reduced in the PMPF population (P = .05) due to a reduced neck extension excursion angle from a neutral position (P = .04).Conclusions:The PMPF for head and neck reconstruction is associated with a limitation in neck ROM attributed to a loss in extension and reduced shoulder strength and ROM.
Organ preservation surgery for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Low incidence of thyroid cartilage invasion
Authors: Hartl Dana M. , Landry Guillaume , Hans Stéphane , Marandas Patrick , Brasnu Daniel F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Determine the incidence and risk factors for thyroid cartilage invasion in early and midstage laryngeal cancer.Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:A retrospective review was carried out of tumors treated by open surgery with at least partial resection of thyroid cartilage from 1992 to 2008. Preoperative laser, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy were excluded. Tumor stage, anterior commissure involvement, vocal fold (VF) mobility, computed tomography (CT) scan, and pathological cartilage status were recorded.Results:Three hundred fifty‐eight patients were treated for tumors staged cT1 (32%), cT2 (53%), and cT3 (15%) by vertical (26%), supracricoid (62%), or supraglottic partial laryngectomy (12%). The thyroid cartilage was invaded in 8.9% of cases. Abnormal VF mobility was significantly related to thyroid cartilage invasion (Fisher exact test, P = .0002). Neither anterior commissure involvement nor CT scan were related to cartilage invasion.Conclusions:Thyroid cartilage invasion was rare but increased if VF mobility was impaired. This has implications for transoral resection, which unlike open surgery avoids unnecessary cartilage resection.
A novel inner ear monitoring system for evaluating ototoxicity of gentamicin eardrops in guinea pigs
Authors: Yang Ting‐Hua , Liu Shing‐Hwa , Young Yi‐Ho 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:Although most studies have identified damage in the cochlea and semicircular canals as the primary sites of aminoglycoside toxicity, little attention has been devoted to the toxic effects on the otolithic organs. This study aimed to assess the toxic effect of gentamicin eardrops on the inner ear end organs via a novel inner ear monitoring system combined with morphological examination.Study Design:Prospective study.Methods:Guinea pigs were treated with 50 μL saline (n = 10) and 50 μL gentamicin (40 mg/mL; n = 10) on the right and left round window membranes, respectively. An inner ear monitoring system, including auditory brainstem response (ABR), caloric, ocular vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), and cervical VEMP (cVEMP) tests, was used to assess ototoxicity in guinea pigs at 2 weeks after treatment. The animals were then sacrificed for morphological study via confocal microscopy.Results:Normal results in ABR, caloric, cVEMP, and oVEMP tests were shown in all saline‐treated ears, whereas elevated ABR threshold and absent responses in caloric, oVEMP, and cVEMP tests were noted in all gentamicin‐treated ears. The cochlear and vestibular explants harvested from the gentamicin‐treated ears revealed substantial loss of hair cells.Conclusions:The inner ear monitoring system, including ABR, caloric, oVEMP, and cVEMP tests, might help to evaluate toxicity information of the topical eardrops or agents on the inner ear end organs, including cochlea, semicircular canals, utricle, and saccule.
Multiple and sign‐changing solutions for the multivalued p ‐Laplacian equation
Authors: Carl Siegfried , Motreanu Dumitru 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe consider a class of elliptic inclusions under Dirichlet boundary conditions involving multifunctions of Clarke's generalized gradient. Under conditions given in terms of the first eigenvalue as well as the Fučik spectrum of the p ‐Laplacian we prove the existence of a positive, a negative and a sign‐changing solution. Our approach is based on variational methods for nonsmooth functionals (nonsmooth critical point theory, second deformation lemma), and comparison principles for multivalued elliptic problems. In particular, the existence of extremal constant‐sign solutions plays a key role in the proof of sign‐changing solutions (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flavan‐3‐ol C‐glycosides – Preparation and model experiments mimicking their human intestinal transit
Authors: Hasslauer Iris , Oehme Anett , Locher Sanja , Valotis Anagnostis , van't Slot Gordon , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich , Schreier Peter 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn order to study the human intestinal transit of flavan‐3‐ol C‐glycosides, several C‐glycosyl derivatives were prepared by non‐enzymatic reaction of (+)‐catechin with α‐D‐glucose, α‐D‐galactose and α‐D‐rhamnose, respectively. In contrast to literature data, we propose that the reaction mechanism proceeds in analogy to the rearrangement of flavan‐3‐ols during epimerization under alkaline conditions. Four of the 12 synthesized flavan‐3‐ol C‐glycosides were incubated under aerobic conditions at 37°C using saliva (2 min) and simulated gastric juice (3 h). To simulate human intestine, the C‐glycosides were also incubated under anaerobic conditions at 37°C both in human ileostomy fluid (10 h) and colostomy fluid (24 h), respectively. The flavan‐3‐ol C‐glycosides under study, i.e. (+)‐epicatechin 8‐C‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1a), (+)‐epicatechin 6‐C‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1d), (+)‐catechin 6‐C‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (2b), (+)‐catechin 6‐C‐β‐D‐rhamnopyranoside (3b) were analyzed in the incubation samples by HPLC‐DAD and HPLC‐DAD‐MS/MS. They were found to be stable in the course of incubation in saliva, simulated gastric juice and ileostomy fluid and underwent degradation in colostomy fluid. While the 6‐C‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside 1d was completely metabolized between 2 and 4 h, decomposition of the 6‐C‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside 2b reached only 16±2% within 4 h of incubation. Linear degradation rates of 1d and 2b in colostomy fluid differed significantly. As microbial metabolism of flavan‐3‐ols is known not to be influenced by the stereochemistry of the aglycon, varying degradation rates are ascribed to the effect of the sugar moiety. Based on these results we assume that flavan‐3‐ol C‐glycosides pass through the upper gastrointestinal tract (oral cavity, stomach and small intestine) unmodified and are then metabolized by the colonic microflora.
Correlation between proton transfer and 35Cl NQR frequency as well as molecular geometry of chloranilic acid in co‐crystals with some organic bases
Authors: Asaji Tetsuo , Seliger Janez , Žagar Veselko , Ishida Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2010

AbstractProton transfer in hydrogen‐bonded organic co‐crystals of chloranilic acid with some organic bases was investigated by nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy. The 35Cl NQR frequencies of chloranilic acid molecule as well as 14N NQR frequencies of the organic base molecule were measured with the conventional pulse methods as well as double‐resonance methods, respectively. The extent of proton transfer in the O···H···N hydrogen bond was estimated from Townes–Dailey analysis of the 14N NQR parameters. The 35Cl NQR frequency and molecular geometry of chloranilic acid are correlated to the extent of proton transfer in the protonation process of the organic base molecule. It is shown that the hydrogen bond affects the π‐electron system of chloranilic acid. Geometry dependence of the O···H···N hydrogen bond, i.e. the HN valence bond order versus the hydrogen‐bond geometry correlation is also discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of polymerically‐modified clay structure on the morphology and properties of UV‐cured polyurethane acrylate/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Dan , Xu Yuanhua , Zang Yangling , Su Shengpei 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPolyurethane acrylate (PUA)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by UV‐curing from a series of styrene‐based polymerically‐modified clays and PUA resin. Effect of the chemical structure of the polymeric surfactants on the morphology and tensile properties of nanocomposites has been explored. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experimental results indicated that surfactants having hydroxyl or amino groups show better dispersion and some of the clay platelets were fully exfoliated. However, the composites formed from pristine clay and other polymerically‐modified clays without hydroxyl or amino groups typically contained both tactoids and intercalated structure. The mechanical properties of PUA composites were greatly improved where the organoclays dispersed well. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were carried out to examine the thermal properties of the composites. The results showed that the loading of polymerically‐modified clays do not effect the thermal stability, but increased the Tgs of PUA/clay composites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An environmental friendly approach for recycling of post‐vulcanized fluoroelastomer scraps through high‐shear mechanical milling
Authors: Zhang Xinxing , Lu Canhui , Zheng Qingyu , Liang Mei 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAn environmental friendly approach for partial de‐crosslinking of post‐vulcanized fluoroelastomer (FKM) scraps through high‐shear mechanical milling has been developed for recycling of the FKM. The method not only overcomes the expensive use and recovery of organic solvents but also gives rise to reclaimed rubbers with superior mechanical properties. After 32 cycles of milling, the gel fraction of FKM decreased from its original 97.8% to 79.7%. The appearance of the –CF2‐associated peaks C1s spectra after mechanical milling confirmed the partial de‐crosslinking of FKM. The structure change of FKM sol part before and after mechanical milling was also investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements. The reclaimed FKM exhibited excellent mechanical and thermal properties, indicating a strong potential for future applications. The tensile strength of FKM re‐vulcanizates is 6.6 MPa, retaining about 84% properties of virgin FKM vulcanizates (7.9 MPa), and the elongation at break was increased from 337.1% to 368.7%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elastic properties of large‐open‐mesh 2D braided composites: Model predictions and initial experimental findings
Authors: Ayranci Cagri , Romanyk Daniel , Carey Jason P 
Published: May 2010

AbstractConventional applications of two‐dimensional tubular braided composites mostly require closed‐mesh braiding; however, some stiffness‐critical applications may require use of open‐mesh braiding. Most likely candidates for the open‐mesh braided composites are in the medical field, such as braided catheters and stents. Analytical and experimental investigation of the open‐mesh braided tubular composites is very limited in the open literature; therefore, this study is an initial attempt to close this gap. The article investigates elastic properties of the open‐mesh braided composites (e.g., braided catheters) and open‐mesh composites with holes (i.e., stent‐like structures). Analytical results are also compared with that of experimental results. Findings may be used in design of braided medical tubular composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:2017–2024, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Facile synthesis of magnetic nanoparticle–coated single‐walled carbon nanotubes and its functional modification in epoxy resin
Authors: Shen Jianfeng , Qin Chen , Hu Yizhe , Li Na , Ye Mingxin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMagnetic single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were synthesized in a process consisting of two steps: (a) covalent in situ polymerization and grafting of poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) on the surface of SWCNTs, followed by (b) thermal decomposition of ferric triacetylacetonateto produce magnetite nanoparticles on the PAA‐grafted SWCNTs. It was demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticle–coated SWCNTs dispersed in water by sonication would respond to an external magnetic field. On such functionalization, the reorientation of SWCNTs in an epoxy matrix could be produced using a magnet. This endowed the composites with desirable magnetic and mechanical properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:2035–2041, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Studies on heterogeneous nucleation effect of dispersing intercalated montmorillonite clay platelets in polyaniline matrix
Authors: Cheng Hsiu‐Yu , Weng Chang‐Jian , Liou Shir‐Joe , Yeh Jui‐Ming , Liu Sung‐Po 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this article, a series of nanocomposite materials that consisted of emeraldine base (EB) of polyaniline (PANI) and montmorillonite (MMT) clay were prepared by effectively dispersing the inorganic MMT clay platelets into organic PANI matrix via in situ chemically oxidative polymerization. Organic aniline monomers were first intercalated into the interlayer regions of organophilic clay hosts and followed by an one‐step oxidative polymerization with ammonium persulfate as oxidant. The as‐synthesized PANI‐clay nanocomposite (PCN) materials were characterized by Fourier‐Transformation infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It should be noted that the EB of PANI in the presence of dispersed intercalated MMT clay platelets was found to display an observable enhancement in polymer crystallinity as compared with that of neat PANI based on series of investigations of wide‐angle powder X‐ray diffraction patterns and differential scanning calorimetric studies. This remarkable increase of polymer crystallinity might be resulted from the effective heterogeneous nucleation effect of dispersed clay platelets existed in PCN materials. The surface morphology study of PCN materials was further evaluated by polarizing optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:2049–2056, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of curing agent and carbon black filler loading on carbonization behavior of phenolic‐carbon black composites
Authors: Ravikumar N.L. , Kar Kamal K. , Sarkar S. , Sathiyamoorthy D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe effects of curing agent (p‐toluene sulfonic acid, PTSA) concentration, i.e., 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 wt% on neat phenolic resin (in absence of carbon black) were investigated through the measurement of density, weight loss, linear shrinkage, and mechanical properties under compression mode to understand the carbonization behavior of carbon–carbon composite. The study was carried out after curing, postcuring, and carbonization. Also, thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the effects of curing agent concentration on thermal stability and kinetic parameters (i.e., activation energy, order of decomposition, pre‐exponential term, etc). The kinetic parameters were evaluated by using four single heating rate techniques namely Friedman, Coats‐Redfern, Freeman‐Carroll, and Chang methods. Further, to study the effects of both carbon black filler loading and carbonization temperature, phenolic‐carbon black composites were prepared at the loading of 10, 20, 30, 40 wt% using 1.5 wt% of PTSA. These were also investigated through density, weight loss, and shrinkage measurements after curing, postcuring, and carbonizing at the temperature of 600, 1000, and 1400°C in nitrogen atmosphere. To analyze the evolution of carbon phase X‐ray diffraction study was carried out for the carbonized samples. Finally, cured, postcured and carbonized composite samples were subjected to compression tests to study the compression strength and modulus. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:2069–2078, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
8th HUPO World Congress: The Human Disease Glycomics/Proteomics Initiative (HGPI) Session 26 September 2009, Toronto, Canada
Authors: Narimatsu Hisashi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Human Disease Glycomics/Proteomics Initiative (HGPI) Session at the HUPO World Congress was held in Toronto on 26 September 2009. In this report, we summarize the presentation of the HGPI workshop as follows: (i) The results of the past HGPI pilot studies (first and second) in which we analyzed N‐ and O‐linked glycans using standard glycoproteins (i.e. first: N‐linked glycan analysis of transferrin and IgG; second: O‐linked glycan analysis of IgA). (ii) The recent progresses of the current HGPI third pilot study. The third analytical pilot study is in progress to perform the two tasks, which are glycan structural analysis and identification of proteins which carry specific carbohydrate antigen (Lewis X antigen) using cancer cells (i.e. L428, U937, and SK‐N‐SH), under the theme of “Glyco‐Biomarker Discovery”. Finally, recently advanced glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses were also reported.
Optical absorption losses in metal layers used in thin film solar cells
Authors: Remes Zdenek , Holovsky Jakub , Purkrt Adam , Izak Tibor , Poruba Ales , Vanecek Milan , Dagkaldiran Ümit , Yates Heather M. , Evans Philip , Sheel David W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe apply optical transmittance and reflectance spectroscopy, photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) and laser calorimetry (LC) to evaluate optical absorption losses at rough interface between thin conductive oxide (TCO) and metal films used as backreflectors and electrical contacts in thin film solar cells. The paper proposes a simple method how to model the dielectric function of rough metal layers used in thin film solar cells. We show that the rough metal layer optically behaves as a semi‐infinite layer with modified dielectric function calculated by the Landau–Lifshitz–Looyenga (LLL) model from the dielectric function of a smooth metal, the dielectric function of TCO and just one free parameter that needs to be found by fitting the total optical absorptance. This approach can be used to simplify the modelling of the optical properties of thin film solar cells.
Waveguide design of green InGaN laser diodes
Authors: Lermer Teresa , Schillgalies Marc , Breidenassel Andreas , Queren Désirée , Eichler Christoph , Avramescu Adrian , Müller Jens , Scheibenzuber Wolfgang , Schwarz Ulrich , Lutgen Stephan , Strauss Uwe 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the waveguiding (WG) of direct green InGaN laser diodes grown on c‐plane GaN substrates. The problem of parasitic modes emerges due to the reduced refractive index difference between the GaN waveguide and AlGaN cladding layers for green compared to blue emitting laser diodes. We discuss several approaches to avoid substrate modes. We investigate different materials and designs for optimized WG of green InGaN laser diodes using a 1D transfer matrix simulation tool.
Laterally overgrown GaN/InGaN multi‐quantum well heterostructures: Electrical and optical properties
Authors: Polyakov Alexander , Govorkov Anatoliy , Smirnov Nikolay , Markov Alexander , Lee In‐Hwan , Ahn Haeng‐Keun , Karpov Sergey , Pearton Stephen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMulti‐quantum well (MQW) GaN/InGaN structures prepared by epitaxial lateral overgrowth were characterized by various techniques to better understand the difference of the materials properties and heterostructure operation in the wing and window regions. Detailed interpretation of the characterization data is given, invoking quantum‐mechanical simulation of the grown heterostructures.
GaN/AlGaN nanostructures for intersubband optoelectronics
Authors: Tchernycheva M. , Macchadani H. , Nevou L. , Mangeney J. , Julien F. H. , Kandaswamy P. K. , Wirthmüller A. , Monroy E. , Vardi A. , Schacham S. , Bahir G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe have investigated intraband absorptions in GaN/AlN QDs for ultrafast all‐optical switching applications at telecommunication wavelengths. Using time‐resolved pump‐probe experiments the electron lifetime in the excited state of the QDs is measured to be 165 fs. Intraband absorption saturation experiments reveal a record low switching energy. We then investigate quantum cascade ISB photodetectors based on GaN/AlGaN QWs and show that mesa devices with 17 × 17 µm2 size provide a frequency response above 10 GHz at 1.5 µm wavelength.
Architecture of nano‐ and microdimensional building blocks
Authors: Grundmann M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe architecture of nano‐ and microdimensional building blocks has been investigated within the research group FOR 522 funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The main results are summarized in a series of papers following this article. Nanowires have been investigated for III–V‐ and II–VI‐semiconductors and thermoelectric materials. Structures with curvature – screws, spirals, cylindrical tubes, and scrolls – have been achieved using substrate rotation during material deposition under glancing angle and employing strain, either between lattice planes in incommensurable structures or due to lattice mismatch in epitaxial heterostructures. The modification of physical properties due to conformal coverage with thin films, quantum wells, and dielectric Bragg mirrors has been investigated. magnified image
Schematic geometry of various investigated structures: Nanowires (GaAs, InAs, GaN, ZnO, Bi2Te3), spirals (silicon), tubes (cylindrite, a sulfosalt, FePb3Sn4Sb2S14), and scrolls (InGaAs/BGaAs/GaAs), from left to right.