bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual exercise sessions alter circulating hormones and cytokines in HIV-infected men
Authors: Dudgeon Wesley David , Phillips Kenneth Doyle , Durstine John Larry , Burgess Stephanie E. , Lyerly George William , Davis John Mark , Hand Gregory Allen 
Published: August 2010

Exercise has the potential to impact disease by altering circulating anabolic and catabolic factors. It was the goal of this study to determine how different regimens of low-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise affected circulating levels of these anabolic and catabolic factors in HIV-infected men. Exercise-naive, HIV-infected men, medically cleared for study participation, were randomized into one of the following groups: a moderate-intensity group (MOD, who completed 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic training followed by 30 min of moderate-intensity resistance training; a low-intensity group (LOW), who completed 60 min of treadmill walking; or a control group (CON), who attended the clinic but participated in no activity. Blood and saliva samples were collected at selected time points before, during, and after each of the 3 required sessions. Compared with baseline, the MOD group (n = 14) had a 135% increase in growth hormone (GH) (p < 0.05) and a 34% decrease in cortisol (CORT) (p < 0.05) at the post time point, a 31% increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p < 0.05) at 30-min post exercise, and a 23% increase in IL-6 (p < 0.05) and a 13% decrease in soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFrII) (p < 0.05) at 60-min post exercise. The LOW (n = 11) group had a 3.5% decrease in sTNFrII (<0.05) at 30-min post exercise compared with baseline and a 49% decrease (p < 0.05) in GH at 60-min post exercise. The CON group (n = 13) had a decrease in GH at 30-min (62%, p < 0.05) and 60-min (61%, p < 0.05) post exercise compared with baseline. The increase in GH from baseline to post was greater in the MOD group (p < 0.05) and the decrease in CORT from pre to post was greater in the MOD group (p < 0.05) than in the other groups. These data suggest that individual sessions of both low-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise can alter circulating anabolic and catabolic factors in HIV-infected men. The changes in the MOD group present potential mechanisms for the increases in lean tissue mass seen with resistance exercise training.
Quiet and durable pavements: Findings from an Ontario study
Authors: Ahammed M. Alauddin , Tighe Susan L. , Klement Tom 
Published: August 2010

Traffic noise is a growing problem throughout the world. Noise barriers, traditionally used for reducing noise exposure, are expensive and inefficient in some cases. Pavement surface characteristics play a key role in noise generation and propagation. Information about noise-reducing characteristics of various Portland cement concrete (PCC) and asphalt concrete (AC) pavements can therefore help public agencies in selecting an appropriate surface that maximizes the structural durability, reduces the noise, and ensures adequate skid resistance for safety. In this study, tire–pavement close proximity (CPX), in-vehicle, and controlled pass-by (CPB) noise were measured at 80–100 km/h for 32 PCC and AC pavements in southern Ontario. The results have indicated that certain textures are needed to allow for air escape from the tire–road interface, which limits the generation and (or) propagation of tire–pavement noise. Both fine-graded Superpave and stone mastic asphalt (SMA) were shown to be promising for noise reduction and have good durability characteristics. However, careful placement and finishing are essential to produce a uniform lower order macrotexture and to attain the noise-reduction benefit.
Intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes with secondary alkylamines catalyzed by iridium phosphino–phenolate complexes
Authors: Hesp Kevin D. , McDonald Robert , Stradiotto Mark 
Published: August 2010

The phosphino–phenolate complex (κ2-{2-i-Pr2PC6H4}O)Ir(COD) (COD = η4-1,5-cyclooctadiene; 1) is shown to be an effective precatalyst for the intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes with pendant secondary alkylamines, providing either pyrrolidine or piperidine heterocycles in high isolated yields. While monitoring the progress of a selected test reaction of this type, a significant induction period (~3 h) was observed; variable-temperature 1H and 31P NMR studies (25–100 °C) under catalytically relevant conditions revealed no new metal-containing species. In an effort to develop an enantiopure variant of 1, a synthetic route to the chiral (κ2-P,O)Ir(COD) complex (7), which features a 1-aryl-2,5-dialkylphospholane structure derived from (2S,5S)-2,5-hexanediol cyclic sulfate, was developed. The structure of 7 was confirmed by use of single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. While 7 failed to provide enantioselectivity in the intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes with pendant secondary alkylamines, the activity of 7 was found to be comparable to that of 1.
Theoretical analysis of the (HNO)2, (HNO···HNS), and (HNS)2 dimers — A case of red and blue shifts of N–H stretching frequency
Authors: Trung Nguyen Tien , Hue Tran Thanh , Nguyen Minh Tho 
Published: August 2010

The hydrogen-bonded interactions in the simple (HNZ)2 dimers, with Z = O and S, were investigated using quantum chemical calculations with the second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation (MP2), coupled-cluster with single, double (CCSD), and triple excitations (CCSD(T)) methods in conjunction with the 6-311++G(2d,2p), aug-cc-pVDZ, and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. Six-membered cyclic structures were found to be stable complexes for the dimers (HNO)2, (HNS)2, and (HNO–HNS). The pair (HNS)2 has the largest complexation energy (–11 kJ/mol), and (HNO)2 the smallest one (–9 kJ/mol). A bond length contraction and a frequency blue shift of the N–H bond simultaneously occur upon hydrogen bond formation of the N–H···S type, which has rarely been observed before. The stronger the intramolecular hyperconjugation and the lower the polarization of the X–H bond involved as proton donor in the hydrogen bond, the more predominant is the formation of a blue-shifting hydrogen bond.
Factors influencing the persistence ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 lineages in feces from cattle fed grain versus grass hay diets
Authors: Lowe Ross M.S. , Munns Krysty , Selinger L. Brent , Kremenik Linda , Baines Danica , McAllister Tim A. , Sharma Ranjana 
Published: August 2010

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a pathogenic, gram-negative bacterium that causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and can lead to fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. We examined the persistence of E. coli O157:H7 lineages I and II in feces held at 4, 12, and 25 °C, from animals fed either grain or hay diets. Three strains of each lineage I and II were inoculated into grain-fed or hay-fed feces, and their persistence was monitored over 28 days. No significant differences in E. coli O157:H7 survival between the 2 lineages in both fecal types was found at the examined temperatures. Volatile fatty acids were higher in grain-fed than in hay-fed feces, resulting in consistently lower pH in the grain-fed feces at 4, 12 and 25 °C. Regardless of lineage type, E. coli O157:H7 CFUs were significantly higher in grain-fed than in hay-fed feces at 4 and 25 °C. Escherichia coli O157:H7 survival was highest in grain-fed feces at 25 °C up to 14 days. Our results indicate that the 2 lineages of E. coli O157:H7 do not differ in their persistence; however, it appears that temperature and feces type both affect the survival of the pathogen.
International Criminal Law before the Supreme Court of Mexico
Authors: Dondé Matute Javier 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article explores different cases taken before the Supreme Court of Mexico concerning issues of international criminal law. The first part addresses the proposition of universal jurisdiction in the Cavallo case. The second part concerns the ex post facto application of the Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons and the issue of the statute of limitations regarding international crimes in the Forced Disappearance case and the Echeverría Appeal. The final part discusses the Atenco case, in which the doctrine of command responsibility was considered but ultimately not used in the final decision. The conclusion is that the methods of interpretation of the Supreme Court are still limited by the Constitution, which sometimes hinders developments consistent with international standards.
The Prosecution of International Crimes in Uruguay
Authors: Galain Palermo Pablo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article discusses the criminal trials carried out in Uruguay against civilian, military, and political functionaries who committed crimes, including crimes against humanity, during the period of civilian-military dictatorship lasting from 1973 to 1985. These criminal proceedings are analyzed in the contexts of transitional justice and international criminal law. Therefore, the first part of this article addresses the diverse phases of transitional justice in Uruguay while the second part analyzes fundamental aspects of criminal trials against 'state terrorists'.
The Syk inhibitor fostamatinib disodium (R788) inhibits tumor growth in the Eμ- TCL1 transgenic mouse model of CLL by blocking antigen-dependent B-cell receptor signaling
Authors: Suljagic Mirza , Longo Pablo G. , Bennardo Sara , Perlas Emerald , Leone Giuseppe , Laurenti Luca , Efremov Dimitar G. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Inhibition of antigen-dependent B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is considered a promising therapeutic approach in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but experimental in vivo evidence to support this view is still lacking. We have now investigated whether inhibition of BCR signaling with the selective Syk inhibitor fostamatinib disodium (R788) will affect the growth of the leukemias that develop in the Eμ-TCL1 transgenic mouse model of CLL. Similarly to human CLL, these leukemias express stereotyped BCRs that react with autoantigens exposed on the surface of senescent or apoptotic cells, suggesting that they are antigen driven. We show that R788 effectively inhibits BCR signaling in vivo, resulting in reduced proliferation and survival of the malignant B cells and significantly prolonged survival of the treated animals. The growth-inhibitory effect of R788 occurs despite the relatively modest cytotoxic effect in vitro and is independent of basal Syk activity, suggesting that R788 functions primarily by inhibiting antigen-dependent BCR signals. Importantly, the effect of R788 was found to be selective for the malignant clones, as no disturbance in the production of normal B lymphocytes was observed. Collectively, these data provide further rationale for clinical trials with R788 in CLL and establish the BCR-signaling pathway as an important therapeutic target in this disease.
Podoplanin-Fc reduces lymphatic vessel formation in vitro and in vivo and causes disseminated intravascular coagulation when transgenically expressed in the skin
Authors: Cueni Leah N. , Chen Lu , Zhang Hui , Marino Daniela , Huggenberger Reto , Alitalo Annamari , Bianchi Roberta , Detmar Michael 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPodoplanin is a small transmembrane protein required for development and function of the lymphatic vascular system. To investigate the effects of interfering with its function, we produced an Fc fusion protein of its ectodomain. We found that podoplanin-Fc inhibited several functions of cultured lymphatic endothelial cells and also specifically suppressed lymphatic vessel growth, but not blood vessel growth, in mouse embryoid bodies in vitro and in mouse corneas in vivo. Using a keratin 14 expression cassette, we created transgenic mice that overexpressed podoplanin-Fc in the skin. No obvious outward phenotype was identified in these mice, but surprisingly, podoplanin-Fc—although produced specifically in the skin—entered the blood circulation and induced disseminated intravascular coagulation, characterized by microthrombi in most organs and by thrombocytopenia, occasionally leading to fatal hemorrhage. These findings reveal an important role of podoplanin in lymphatic vessel formation and indicate the potential of podoplanin-Fc as an inhibitor of lymphangiogenesis. These results also demonstrate the ability of podoplanin to induce platelet aggregation in vivo, which likely represents a major function of lymphatic endothelium. Finally, keratin 14 podoplanin-Fc mice represent a novel genetic animal model of disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Anti-cytokine autoantibodies are associated with opportunistic infection in patients with thymic neoplasia
Authors: Burbelo Peter D. , Browne Sarah K. , Sampaio Elizabeth P. , Giaccone Giuseppe , Zaman Rifat , Kristosturyan Ervand , Rajan Arun , Ding Li , Ching Kathryn H. , Berman Arlene , Oliveira Joao B. , Hsu Amy P. , Klimavicz Caitlin M. , Iadarola Michael J. , Holland Steven M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPatients with thymic malignancy have high rates of autoimmunity leading to a variety of autoimmune diseases, most commonly myasthenia gravis caused by anti-acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies. High rates of autoantibodies to cytokines have also been described, although prevalence, spectrum, and functionality of these anti-cytokine autoantibodies are poorly defined. To better understand the presence and function of anti-cytokine autoantibodies, we created a luciferase immunoprecipitation system panel to search for autoantibodies against 39 different cytokines and examined plasma from controls (n = 30) and patients with thymic neoplasia (n = 17). In this screen, our patients showed statistically elevated, but highly heterogeneous immunoreactivity against 16 of the 39 cytokines. Some patients showed autoantibodies to multiple cytokines. Functional testing proved that autoantibodies directed against interferon-α, interferon-β, interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-12p35, IL-12p40, and IL-17A had biologic blocking activity in vitro. All patients with opportunistic infection showed multiple anti-cytokine autoantibodies (range 3-11), suggesting that anti-cytokine autoantibodies may be important in the pathogenesis of opportunistic infections in patients with thymic malignancy. This study was registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00001355.
Mutational analysis of an archaeal minichromosome maintenance protein exterior hairpin reveals critical residues for helicase activity and DNA binding
Authors: Brewster Aaron S , Slaymaker Ian M , Afif Samir A , Chen Xiaojiang S 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
The mini-chromosome maintenance protein (MCM) complex is an essential replicative helicase for DNA replication in Archaea and Eukaryotes. While the eukaryotic complex consists of six homologous proteins (MCM2-7), the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus has only one MCM protein (ssoMCM), six subunits of which form a homohexamer. We have recently reported a 4.35Å crystal structure of the near full-length ssoMCM. The structure reveals a total of four β-hairpins per subunit, three of which are located within the main channel or side channels of the ssoMCM hexamer model generated based on the symmetry of the N-terminal Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus (mtMCM) structure. The fourth β-hairpin, however, is located on the exterior of the hexamer, near the exit of the putative side channels and next to the ATP binding pocket.

Results
In order to better understand this hairpin's role in DNA binding and helicase activity, we performed a detailed mutational and biochemical analysis of nine residues on this exterior β-hairpin (EXT-hp). We examined the activities of the mutants related to their helicase function, including hexamerization, ATPase, DNA binding and helicase activities. The assays showed that some of the residues on this EXT-hp play a role for DNA binding as well as for helicase activity.

Conclusions
These results implicate several current theories regarding helicase activity by this critical hexameric enzyme. As the data suggest that EXT-hp is involved in DNA binding, the results reported here imply that the EXT-hp located near the exterior exit of the side channels may play a role in contacting DNA substrate in a manner that affects DNA unwinding.
Do differences in the administrative structure of populations confound comparisons of geographic health inequalities?
Authors: Jackson Andrew L , Davies Carolyn A , Leyland Alastair H 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Geographical health inequalities are naturally described by the variation in health outcomes between areas (e.g. mortality rates). However, comparisons made between countries are hampered by our lack of understanding of the effect of the size of administrative units, and in particular the modifiable areal unit problem. Our objective was to assess how differences in geographic and administrative units used for disseminating data affect the description of health inequalities.

Methods
Retrospective study of standard populations and deaths aggregated by administrative regions within 20 European countries, 1990-1991. Estimated populations and deaths in males aged 0-64 were in 5 year age bands. Poisson multilevel modelling was conducted of deaths as standardised mortality ratios. The variation between regions within countries was tested for relationships with the mean region population size and the unequal distribution of populations within each country measured using Gini coefficients.

Results
There is evidence that countries whose regions vary more in population size show greater variation and hence greater apparent inequalities in mortality counts. The Gini coefficient, measuring inequalities in population size, ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 between countries; an increase of 0.1 was accompanied by a 12-14% increase in the standard deviation of the mortality rates between regions within a country.

Conclusions
Apparently differing health inequalities between two countries may be due to differences in geographical structure per se, rather than having any underlying epidemiological cause. Inequalities may be inherently greater in countries whose regions are more unequally populated.
Protective effects of a gastrointestinal agent containing Korean red ginseng on gastric ulcer models in mice
Authors: Oyagi Atsushi , Ogawa Kenjirou , Kakino Mamoru , Hara Hideaki 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Korean red ginseng (KRG) is a ginseng that has been cultivated and aged for 4-6 years or more, and goes through an extensive cleaning, steaming and drying process. KRG contains more than 30 kinds of saponin components and has been reported as having various biological properties, such as anti-fatigue action, immune restoration, and neurovegetative effect. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a KRG-containing drug (KRGCD) on gastric ulcer models in mice.

Methods
Stomach ulcers were induced by oral ingestion of hydrochloride (HCl)/ethanol or indomethacin. Treatment with KRGCD (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) occurred 1 hr before the ulcer induction. Effect of KRGCD on anti-oxidant activity and gastric mucosal blood flow with a laser Doppler flowmeter in mice stomach tissue was evaluated.

Results
KRGCD (100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly decreased ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer compared with the vehicle-treated (control) group. KRGCD (100 and 300 mg/kg) also decreased the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and increased gastric mucosal blood flow compared with the control group.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the gastroprotective effects of KRGCD on mice ulcer models can be attributed to its ameliorating effect on oxidative damage and improving effect of gastric mucosal blood flow.
Assessing the association of the HNF1A G319S variant with C-reactive protein in Aboriginal Canadians: a population-based epidemiological study
Authors: Ley Sylvia H , Hegele Robert A , Connelly Philip W , Harris Stewart B , Mamakeesick Mary , Cao Henian , Gittelsohn Joel , Retnakaran Ravi , Zinman Bernard , Hanley Anthony J 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, has been associated with increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Common variants of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF1A) gene encoding HNF-1α have been associated with plasma CRP in predominantly European Caucasian samples. HNF1A might therefore have an impact on vascular disease and diabetes risk that is mediated by CRP. In an Aboriginal Canadian population, a private polymorphism, HNF1A G319S, was associated with increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes. However, it has not been investigated whether this association is mediated by CRP. We aimed to investigate whether CRP was mediating the association between HNF1A G319S and type 2 diabetes in an Aboriginal Canadian population with a high prevalence of diabetes.

Methods
A total of 718 individuals who participated in a diabetes prevalence and risk factor survey were included in the current analysis. Participants were genotyped for HNF1A G319S. Fasting plasma samples were analyzed for CRP. Fasting plasma glucose and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were obtained to determine type 2 diabetes.

Results
The prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes was 17.4% (125/718) using the 1999 World Health Organization definition and was higher among S319 allele carriers compared to G/G homozygotes (p < 0.0001). Among participants without type 2 diabetes, CRP levels were higher among G/G homozygotes (1.64 [95% confidence interval 1.35-2.00] mg/l) than in S319 carriers (1.26 [1.04-1.54] mg/l) (p = 0.009) after adjustment for age, sex, 2-h post-load glucose, waist circumference, and serum amyloid A. CRP levels were elevated among those with diabetes after similar adjustment (4.39 [95% confidence interval 3.09-6.23] and 4.44 [3.13-6.30] mg/L, respectively), and no significant difference in CRP was observed between S319 carriers and non-carriers (p = 0.95).

Conclusions
CRP levels were lower in S319 allele carriers of the HNF1A gene compared to non-carriers among individuals without diabetes, but this difference was not present among those with diabetes, who uniformly had elevated CRP levels. Therefore, while HNF1A appears to influence CRP concentrations in the non-diabetic state, chronic elevation of CRP is unlikely mediating the association between the HNF1A polymorphism and the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in this Aboriginal population.