bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Siloxene Derivatives with Organic Groups
Authors: Sugiyama Yusuke , Okamoto Hirotaka , Nakano Hideyuki 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Reaction of calcium disilicide (CaSi2) and hydrogen chloride solution with various alcohols yields siloxene derivatives terminated with functional groups that are determined by the alcohol used as the solvent in the reaction. The functional groups terminated on silicon determine the basal spacing of the siloxene derivatives.
NO Insertion Reaction of Ethyl(nitrosyl)ruthenium Complex Having Hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate and Conversion to Acetaldoxime and Acetonitrile Complexes
Authors: Arikawa Yasuhiro , Tashita Shin-ya , Yamaguchi Soseki , Miyahara Hitomi , Asayama Taiki , Umakoshi Keisuke , Onishi Masayoshi 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Ethyl(nitrosyl)ruthenium [TpRuCl(Et)(NO)] (2) was isolated from the reaction of [TpRuCl2(NO)] (1) with LiBHEt3. NO insertion of 2 was observed from heating a solution of 2. In the presence of PPh3, nitrosoethane complex [TpRuCl{N(=O)Et}(PPh3)] (3) was isolated, but the absence of PPh3 led to nitrosoethane-bridged dimer [(TpRuCl)2{μ-N(=O)Et}2] (6). Also, in complex 3, conversion of the nitrosoethane moiety to acetaldoxime and acetonitrile was observed.
Self-coordinated Phthalocyanine Nanoaggregates
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Hatanaka Tatsuya , Tatewaki Yoko , Fukawa Tadashi , Shirai Hirofusa 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Asymmetric zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) 2, in which one imidazole unit is attached to a ZnPc ring, assembles into supramolecular polymers through intermolecular metal–ligand interactions.
High Temperature Aqueous Corrosion and Deuterium Uptake of Coupons Prepared from the Front and Back Ends of Zr-2.5Nb Pressure Tubes
Authors: Nordin H. M. , Elliot A. J. , Bergin S. G. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Pressure tubes for CANada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) reactors are extruded from billets of Zr-2.5Nb, at a temperature of ∼815°C, and then cold drawn to give a final length of ∼6 m. The manufacturing process often results in a variation of properties along the length of a tube including grain structure, texture, dislocation density, and phase distribution. This variation affects the mechanical and deformation properties as well as the aqueous oxidation and deuterium uptake behavior along the installed pressure tube. The orientation of the installed pressure tube in the reactor, with its axial variation of properties, is an important factor in the effective optimization of its service life. This work reports on the differences in aqueous oxidation and deuterium uptake between the extruded front- and back-end sections of a number of pressure tubes. The corrosion tests were conducted in heavy water in static autoclaves at Chalk River Laboratories and in a heavy water re-circulating loop in the Halden Boiling Water Reactor. The test conditions, such as water chemistry and temperature, were similar to those in the primary heat transport system of a CANDU reactor. The results indicate that under some exposure conditions, the deuterium uptake may be up to 40 % lower for back-end coupons compared to front-end coupons. Several microstructural factors including texture, grain size, and concentrations of alloying elements may cause the observed differences in deuterium uptake. The results will be discussed within the current mechanistic understandings of Zr-2.5Nb corrosion and deuterium ingress.
Shrinkage Cracking Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Concrete: As Assessed Using the Restrained Ring Test
Authors: Raoufi Kambiz , Bernard E. Stefan , Weiss W. Jason 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The restrained shrinkage ring test has been used to assess the shrinkage cracking potential of concrete mixtures and to assess the influence of mixture proportions, admixtures, and the use of fiber reinforcement on shrinkage cracking. However, further work is still needed to link the shrinkage cracking performance of fiber reinforced concrete as evaluated using the restrained ring test to the behavior of these mixtures in different size concrete elements in the field. This study used finite element analysis to investigate the cracking behavior of restrained rings of different sizes. The results indicated that due to damage localization the crack widths that develop in the restrained rings are greatly dependent on the size of the restrained ring, the degree of restraint, and the softening behavior of the concrete. This size dependence would influence the performance that would be expected in the field.
Package Localization in a Warehouse Environment by Means of RFID
Authors: Bouzakis Antonios , Overmeyer Ludger 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper reviews how RFID-assisted geometry recognition can compete conventional methods for automated package handling. It demonstrates how RFID tags used for product identification can be implemented into automated handling processes to improve warehousing efficiency. Therefore, tag positioning for the HF band is investigated based on two distinct localization principles and different RFID systems. RFID-assisted package localization and positioning is discussed based on the results and the impact it could have on warehouse automation and other industrial applications.
Folgeregelung nichtlinearer Eingrößensysteme mittels linearer zeitvarianter Ausgangsrückführung
Authors: Antritter Felix , Deutscher Joachim 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag behandelt den Entwurf von Folgereglern für nichtlineare Eingrößensysteme mittels linearer zeitvarianter dynamischer Ausgangsrückführung, die anhand der Linearisierung der Strecke um die Solltrajektorie bestimmt wird. Der Folgeregler besteht aus einem reduzierten Beobachter zur Rekonstruktion der Stellsignale einer linearen zeitvarianten Zustandsrückführung, welche eine stabile Folgefehlerdynamik sicherstellt. Beim Entwurf wird direkt die Ein-/Ausgangsdifferentialgleichung des Reglers durch Eigenwertvorgabe für lineare zeitinvariante Fehlerdifferentialgleichungen bestimmt, was den Entwurf vereinfacht. Anhand eines Laboraufbaus zur Regelung der Drehzahl eines Gleichstrommotors wird gezeigt, dass sich mit der vorgestellten Entwurfsmethodik ein linearer zeitvarianter Folgeregler niedriger Ordnung sowie vergleichsweise einfacher Struktur berechnen lässt.
Schnelle Regelung linearer Systeme mit Stellgrößen- und Stellratenbegrenzungen
Authors: Kefferpütz Klaus , Adamy Jürgen 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel wird eine nichtlineare Zustandsrückführung für Regelstrecken mit linearer Dynamik unter Verwendung eines hinsichtlich Stellgröße und Stellrate beschränkten Stellgliedes vorgestellt. Dabei wird die Sättigung von Stellgröße und Stellrate zugelassen, wodurch sehr schnelle Regelvorgänge ermöglicht werden. Zur Bestimmung der Reglerparameter wird ein LMI-basiertes Entwurfsverfahren angegeben.
Ein neues Verfahren zum Entwurf von flachheitsbasierten Regelungen
Authors: Zirkel Daniel , Liu Steven , Wiedemann Gunter 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschreibt ein neues Regelungskonzept für flache, nichtlineare Systeme. Es wird dargestellt, dass eine serielle Verschaltung von Regler und flacher Vorsteuerung die Benutzung linearer Werkzeuge für den Reglerentwurf ermöglicht. Dabei wird ebenfalls ein Vergleich zu den bekannten flachheitsbasierten Konzepten der exakten Zustands-Linearisierung, der Steuerungs-Linearisierung und der flachheitsbasierten IMC-Regelung durchgeführt. Abschließend erfolgt die Untersuchung des Konvergenzverhaltens der Fehlerdynamik des geschlossenen Regelkreises mit Hilfe von Linearisierung und polytoper Darstellung. Alle Analysen erfolgen beispielhaft anhand der Druckregelung eines einfachen Brennstoffzellen-Luftsystems 1. Ordnung.
Fault Models and Test Algorithms for Nanoscale Technologies
Authors: Polian Ilia , Becker Bernd 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In the age of Nanoscale Integration (NSI), state-of-the-art integrated circuits with gate length under 100 nm consist of hundreds of millions of transistors. This implies new challenges for their reliability. Novel NSI defect mechanisms require special test methods to sort out faulty chips. We present modeling approaches and efficient test algorithms for fundamental NSI defect mechanisms enabling the handling of industrial multi-million-gate circuits.
A dynamic method to measure the shear strength of snow
Authors: Nakamura Tsutomu , Abe Osamu , Hashimoto Ryuhei , Ohta Takeshi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new vibration apparatus for measuring the shear strength of snow has been designed and fabricated. The force applied to a snow block is calculated using Newton’s second law. Results from this apparatus concerning the dependence of the shear strength on snow density, overburden load and strain rate are in reasonable agreement with those obtained from the work of previous researchers. Snow densities ranged from 160 to 320 kg m−3. The overburden load and strain rate ranged from 1.95 × 10−1to 7.79 × 10−1kPa and 2.9 × 10−4to 9.1 × 10−3s−1respectively.
Cardiovascular Burden of the V142I Transthyretin Variant
Authors: Selvaraj Senthil , Claggett Brian , Shah Svati H. , Mentz Robert J. , Khouri Michel G. , Manichaikul Ani W. , Khan Sadiya S. , Rich Stephen S. , Mosley Thomas H. , Levitan Emily B. , Arora Pankaj , Goyal Parag , Haring Bernhard , Eaton Charles B. , Cheng Richard K. , Wells Gretchen L. , Manson JoAnn E. , Fontana Marianna , Solomon Scott D. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceIndividual cohort studies concur that the amyloidogenic V142I variant of the transthyretin (TTR) gene, present in 3% to 4% of US Black individuals, increases heart failure (HF) and mortality risk. Precisely defining carrier risk across relevant clinical outcomes and estimating population burden of disease are important given established and emerging targeted treatments.ObjectivesTo better define the natural history of disease in carriers across mid to late life, assess variant modifiers, and estimate cardiovascular burden to the US population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA total of 23 338 self-reported Black participants initially free from HF were included in 4 large observational studies across the US (mean [SD], 15.5 [8.2] years of follow-up). Data analysis was performed between May 2023 and February 2024.ExposureV142I carrier status (n = 754, 3.2%).Main Outcomes and MeasuresHospitalizations for HF (including subtypes of reduced and preserved ejection fraction) and all-cause mortality. Outcomes were analyzed by generating 10-year hazard ratios for each age between 50 and 90 years. Using actuarial methods, mean survival by carrier status was estimated and applied to the 2022 US population using US Census data.ResultsAmong the 23 338 participants, the mean (SD) age at baseline was 62 (9) years and 76.7% were women. Ten-year carrier risk increased for HF hospitalization by age 63 years, predominantly driven by HF with reduced ejection fraction, and 10-year all-cause mortality risk increased by age 72 years. Only age (but not sex or other select variables) modified risk with the variant, with estimated reductions in longevity ranging from 1.9 years (95% CI, 0.6-3.1) at age 50 to 2.8 years (95% CI, 2.0-3.6) at age 81. Based on these data, 435 851 estimated US Black carriers between ages 50 and 95 years are projected to cumulatively lose 957 505 years of life (95% CI, 534 475-1 380 535) due to the variant.Conclusions and RelevanceAmong self-reported Black individuals, male and female V142I carriers faced similar and substantial risk for HF hospitalization, predominantly with reduced ejection fraction, and death, with steep age-dependent penetrance. Delineating the individual contributions of, and complex interplay among, the V142I variant, ancestry, the social construct of race, and biological or social determinants of health to cardiovascular disease merits further investigation.
The effect of Qi‐Shao‐Tong‐Mai‐An‐Shen herbal paste on coronary heart disease patients with depression and/or anxiety: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Ying , Xiao Xiang , Li Lin , Si Chao‐Zeng , Jiang Hong , Shao Ming‐Jing , Lu Xiao‐Yan , Zheng Shu‐Liang , Dai Tian‐Gu , He Qing , Huang Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCoronary heart disease (CHD) poses a significant threat to human life and well‐being. The presence of psycho‐cardiology diseases not only exacerbates the progression of CHD but also imposes a substantial financial burden. Consequently, there is a pressing need to prioritize the prevention and management of psycho‐cardiology conditions. Given the complex adverse effects associated with antidepressants, it is imperative to investigate alternative, safer, and more efficacious early interventions for psycho‐cardiology diseases. The trial will randomly divide 99 patients who meet the inclusion criteria into two groups in a ratio of 1:2. Both groups will be administered standard western medicine treatment for CHD. The Qi‐Shao‐Tong‐Mai‐An‐Shen (QSTMAS) group will be treated with an additional 30 mL QSTMAS herbal paste orally twice daily for up to 12 weeks. The primary endpoints are the changes of Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 scores after the intervention for 12 weeks. The secondary endpoints include the scores of Traditional Chinese medicine syndromes, 6‐min walking test, Insomnia severity index sleep scale, laboratory tests, and other examinations of both groups after the intervention for 12 weeks. The QSTMAS herbal paste exhibits potential and promise as a treatment modality for mild‐to‐moderate psychological disorders within the department of cardiology. The implementation of a rigorous trial design will facilitate an objective and scientific assessment of the clinical effectiveness and safety of combining QSTMAS herbal paste with standard western medicine for CHD patients with depression and/or anxiety. Trial Registration: China Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200065179. Registered 31 October 2022.
Modifying the Backbone Chemistry of PEG‐Based Bottlebrush Block Copolymers for the Formation of Long‐Circulating Nanoparticles
Authors: Grundler Julian , Whang Chang‐Hee , Shin Kwangsoo , Savan N. Anna , Zhong Mingjiang , Saltzman W. Mark 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNanoparticle physicochemical properties have received great attention in optimizing the performance of nanoparticles for biomedical applications. For example, surface functionalization with small molecules or linear hydrophilic polymers is commonly used to tune the interaction of nanoparticles with proteins and cells. However, it is challenging to control the location of functional groups within the shell for conventional nanoparticles. Nanoparticle surfaces composed of shape‐persistent bottlebrush polymers allow hierarchical control over the nanoparticle shell but the effect of the bottlebrush backbone on biological interactions is still unknown. The synthesis is reported of novel heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐norbornene macromonomers modified with various small molecules to form bottlebrush polymers with different backbone chemistries. It is demonstrated that micellar nanoparticles composed of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)‐PEG bottlebrush block copolymer (BBCP) with neutral and cationic backbone modifications exhibit significantly reduced cellular uptake compared to conventional unmodified BBCPs. Furthermore, the nanoparticles display long blood circulation half‐lives of ≈22 hours and enhanced tumor accumulation in mice. Overall, this work sheds light on the importance of the bottlebrush polymer backbone and provides a strategy to improve the performance of nanoparticles in biomedical applications.
Bilaterally Aligned Electroosmotic Flow Generated by Porous Microneedle Device for Dual‐Mode Delivery
Authors: Wang Gaobo , Kato Kosuke , Ichinose Sae , Inoue Daisuke , Kobayashi Airi , Terui Hitoshi , Tottori Soichiro , Kanzaki Makoto , Nishizawa Matsuhiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHere, a novel porous microneedle (PMN) device with bilaterally aligned electroosmotic flow (EOF) enabling controllable dual‐mode delivery of molecules is developed. The PMNs placed at anode and cathode compartments are modified with anionic poly‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid and cationic poly‐(3‐acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium, respectively. The direction of EOF generated by PMN at the cathode compartment is, therefore, reversed from cathode to anode, countering the unwanted cathodal suctioning of interstitial fluid caused by reverse iontophoresis. With the bilateral alignment of EOF, the versatility of the proposed device is evaluated by delivering molecules with different charges and sizes using Franz cell. In addition, a 3D printed probe device is developed to ease practical handling and minimize electrical stimulation by integrating two PMNs in closed proximity. Finally, the performance of the integrated probe device is demonstrated by dual delivery of a variety of molecules (methylene blue, rhodamine B, and fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran) using pig skin and vaccination using mice with delivered ovalbumin.
Atomic‐Scale Tracking Topological Phase Transition Dynamics of Polar Vortex‐Antivortex Pairs
Authors: Zhu Ruixue , Zheng Sizheng , Li Xiaomei , Wang Tao , Tan Congbing , Yu Tiancheng , Liu Zhetong , Wang Xinqiang , Li Jiangyu , Wang Jie , Gao Peng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNon‐trivial topological structures, such as vortex‐antivortex (V‐AV) pairs, have garnered significant attention in the field of condensed matter physics. However, the detailed topological phase transition dynamics of V‐AV pairs, encompassing behaviors like self‐annihilation, motion, and dissociation, have remained elusive in real space. Here, polar V‐AV pairs are employed as a model system, and their transition pathways are tracked with atomic‐scale resolution, facilitated by in situ (scanning) transmission electron microscopy and phase field simulations. This investigation reveals that polar vortices and antivortices can stably coexist as bound pairs at room temperature, and their polarization decreases with heating. No dissociation behavior is observed between the V‐AV phase at room temperature and the paraelectric phase at high temperature. However, the application of electric fields can promote the approach of vortex and antivortex cores, ultimately leading to their annihilation near the interface. Revealing the transition process mediated by polar V‐AV pairs at the atomic scale, particularly the role of polar antivortex, provides new insights into understanding the topological phases of matter and their topological phase transitions. Moreover, the detailed exploration of the dynamics of polar V‐AV pairs under thermal and electrical fields lays a solid foundation for their potential applications in electronic devices.
Activating Iterative Revolutions of the Cancer‐Immunity Cycle in Hypoxic Tumors with a Smart Nano‐Regulator
Authors: Ding Junying , Lu Yang , Zhao Xueze , Long Saran , Du Jianjun , Sun Wen , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe activation of sequential events in the cancer‐immunity cycle (CIC) is crucial for achieving effective antitumor immunity. However, formidable challenges, such as innate and adaptive immune resistance, along with the off‐target adverse effects of nonselective immunomodulators, persist. In this study, a tumor‐selective nano‐regulator named PNBJQ has been presented, focusing on targeting two nonredundant immune nodes: inducing immunogenic cancer cell death and abrogating immune resistance to fully activate endogenous tumor immunity. PNBJQ is obtained by encapsulating the immunomodulating agent JQ1 within a self‐assembling system formed by linking a Type‐I photosensitizer to polyethylene glycol through a hypoxia‐sensitive azo bond. Benefiting from the Type‐I photosensitive mechanism, PNBJQ triggers the immunogenic cell death of hypoxic tumors under near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation. This process resolves innate immune resistance by stimulating sufficient cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes. Simultaneously, PNBJQ smartly responds to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment for precise drug delivery, adeptly addressing adaptive immune resistance by using JQ1 to downregulate programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and sustaining the response of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The activatable synergic photoimmunotherapy promotes an immune‐promoting tumor microenvironment by activating an iterative revolution of the CIC, which remarkably eradicates established hypoxic tumors and suppresses distal lesions under low light dose irradiation.
Expanded ROS Generation and Hypoxia Reversal: Excipient‐free Self‐assembled Nanotheranostics for Enhanced Cancer Photodynamic Immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Jing , Ren Bibo , Yin Xuntao , Xiang Lunli , Hua YanQiu , Huang Xue , Wang Haibo , Mao Zhengwei , Chen Wei , Deng Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT)‐related cancer therapies is significantly restricted by two irreconcilable obstacles, i.e., low reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capability and hypoxia which constrains the immune response. Herein, this work develops a self‐assembled clinical photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and the HSP90 inhibitor 17‐dimethylaminoethylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐DMAG) nanoparticles (ISDN) without any excipient. This work discovers that the hydrophobic interaction forces between ICG and 17‐DMAG promote the photostability of ICG and its intersystem crossing (ISC) process, thereby improving the ROS quantum yield from 0.112 to 0.46. Augmented ROS generation enhances PDT efficacy and further enhances immunogenic cell death (ICD) effects. 17‐DMAG inhibits the HSP90/hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) axis to dramatically reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment caused by PDT‐aggravated hypoxia. In a mouse model of pancreatic cancer, ISDN markedly improve cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration and MHC I and MHC II activation, demonstrating the superior ICD effects in situ tumor and the powerful systematic antitumor immunity generation, eventually achieving vigorous antitumor and recurrence resistance. This study proposes an unsophisticated and versatile strategy to significantly improve PDT efficacy for enhancing systemic antitumor immunity and potentially extending it to multiple cancers.
High‐Entropy Prussian Blue Analogues Enable Lattice Respiration for Ultrastable Aqueous Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Du Kai , Liu Yujie , Zhao Yiqi , Li Hui , Liu Hexiong , Sun Chunhao , Han Mingshan , Ma Tianyi , Hu Yuxiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAqueous aluminum ion batteries (AAIBs) hold significant potential for grid‐scale energy storage owing to their intrinsic safety, high theoretical capacity, and abundance of aluminum. However, the strong electrostatic interactions and delayed charge compensation between high‐charge‐density aluminum ions and the fixed lattice in conventional cathodes impede the development of high‐performance AAIBs. To address this issue, this work introduces, for the first time, high‐entropy Prussian blue analogs (HEPBAs) as cathodes in AAIBs with unique lattice tolerance and efficient multipath electron transfer. Benefiting from the intrinsic long‐range disorder and robust lattice strain field, HEPBAs enable the manifestation of the lattice respiration effect and minimize lattice volume changes, thereby achieving one of the best long‐term stabilities (91.2% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles at 5.0 A g−1) in AAIBs. Additionally, the interaction between the diverse metal atoms generates a broadened d‐band and reduced degeneracy compared with conventional Prussian blue and its analogs (PBAs), which enhances the electron transfer efficiency with one of the best rate performance (79.2 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1) in AAIBs. Furthermore, exceptional element selectivity in HEPBAs with unique cocktail effect can facile tune electrochemical behavior. Overall, the newly developed HEPBAs with a high‐entropy effect exhibit promising solutions for advancing AAIBs and multivalent‐ion batteries.