bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron Density Shift in Imidazolium Derivatives upon Complexation with Cucurbit[6]uril
Authors: Kolman Viktor , Marek Radek , Strelcova Zora , Kulhanek Petr , Necas Marek , Svec Jan , Sindelar Vladimir 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this study, we have investigated the supramolecular interaction between series of 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium guests with variable alkyl substituent lengths and cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) in the solution and the solid state. Correct interpretation of 1H NMR spectra was a key issue for determining the binding modes of the complexes in solution. Unusual chemical shifts of some protons in the 1H NMR spectra were explained by the polarization of the imidazolium aromatic ring upon the complexation with the host. The formation of 1:1 complex between 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium and CB6 is in disagreement with previously reported findings describing an inclusion of two guest molecules in the CB6 cavity.
Ammoniakstrippung an einer etablierten, thermophilen Biogasanlage – technische und wirtschaftliche Evaluierung
Authors: Hofstetter E. M. , Gabler R. , Peiffer S. , Hilbrig F. , Freitag R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEine kommunale Biogasanlage wurde über einen Zeitraum von 26 Monaten evaluiert, mit dem Ziel, die für die Biogasproduktion und ‐qualität wichtigen Prozessgrößen zu bestimmen und ein technisches Konzept zur Ammoniakstrippung am Reaktor zu entwickeln. Die Durchmischung im Reaktor wurde mittels CFD simuliert. Strippen verbesserte die Biogasausbeute, erhöhte allerdings auch die Kosten. Aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht ist das Verfahren daher nur bedingt einsatzfähig.
Cost effectiveness of pharmacogenetic testing for uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 before irinotecan administration for metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Gold Heather Taffet , Hall Michael J. , Blinder Victoria , Schackman Bruce R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to examine the cost effectiveness of using a pharmacogenetic test for uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase 1A1*28 (UGT1A1*28) variant homozygosity before administering irinotecan to patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.METHODS:A decision‐analytic model from the Medicare payer perspective followed hypothetical patients who were treated with combined 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan. Under usual care, patients received a full dose of irinotecan. With genetic testing, irinotecan dosage was reduced 25% in homozygotes with the UGT1A1*28 variant allele. Test performance, chemotherapy toxicity, and quality‐of‐life weights were derived from clinical literature and product labels, and costs were derived from 2007 Medicare fee schedules. Chemotherapy efficacy after dose reduction, adverse event risk, and other parameters were varied in 1‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. The authors also calculated the value of investing in further studies of chemotherapy efficacy after homozygote dose reductions.RESULTS:Pretreatment genetic testing costs less ($272 savings per patient tested) and yields slightly improved quality‐adjusted life expectancy (0.1 quality‐adjusted day per patient tested; approximately 2 quality‐adjusted hours). Results depended on treatment efficacy but not adverse event risk assumptions. The results indicated that testing would avoid 84 cases of severe neutropenia, including 4.4 deaths. At a threshold of $100,000 per quality‐adjusted life year, the therapeutic efficacy of irinotecan in homozygotes after dose reduction had to be ≥98.4% of full‐dose efficacy for genetic testing to remain preferred. Future studies to determine whether this efficacy level can be achieved have an economic value of $22 million.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that pharmacogenetic testing for UGT1A1*28 variant homozygosity may be cost effective, but only if irinotecan dose reduction in homozygotes does not reduce efficacy. Future studies to evaluate reduced‐dose efficacy in homozygotes should be considered. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Effect of Counter Ions on the Silica Oligomerization Reaction
Authors: Trinh Thuat T. , Jansen Antonius P. J. , van Santen Rutger A. , VandeVondele Joost , Meijer Evert Jan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe silicate oligomerization reaction is key to sol‐gel chemistry and zeolite synthesis. Numerous experimental and theoretical studies have addressed the physical chemistry of silicate oligomers in the prenucleation stage of siliceous zeolite formation. Here we report a study of a silica condensation reaction in aqueous solution in the presence of counter ions (Li+ and NH4+). Ab‐initio molecular dynamics simulations have been used to construct reaction energy diagrams including transition state free energies. Contact with Li+ as well as NH4+ increases the activation energies of the dimerization step compared to the situation in the absence of counterions. The presence of NH4+ has no effect on consecutive oligomerization steps. Hence NH4+ will increase the relative formation rate of larger oligomers.
Developmentally regulated SMAD2 and SMAD3 utilization directs activin signaling outcomes
Authors: Itman Catherine , Small Chris , Griswold Michael , Nagaraja Ankur K. , Matzuk Martin M. , Brown Chester W. , Jans David A. , Loveland Kate L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractActivin is required for testis development. Activin signals via phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of SMAD2 and SMAD3. We present novel findings of developmentally regulated activin signaling leading to specific transcriptional outcomes in testicular Sertoli cells. In immature, proliferating, Sertoli cells, activin A induces nuclear accumulation of SMAD3, but not SMAD2, although both proteins become phosphorylated. In postmitotic differentiating cells, both SMAD proteins accumulate in the nucleus. Furthermore, immature Sertoli cells are sensitive to activin dosage; higher concentrations induce maximal SMAD3 nuclear accumulation and a small increase in nuclear SMAD2. Microarray analysis identified distinct transcriptional outcomes correlating with differential SMAD utilization and new activin target genes, including Gja1 and Serpina5, which are essential for Sertoli cell development and male fertility. In transgenic mice with altered activin bioactivity that display fertility phenotypes, Gja1 and Serpina5 are significantly altered. Thus, differential SMAD utilization in response to activin features during Sertoli cell maturation. Developmental Dynamics 238:1688–1700, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced O2 and elevated ROS in sea urchin embryos leads to defects in ectoderm differentiation
Authors: Agca Cavit , Klein William H. , Venuti Judith M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe sea urchin oral‐aboral (OA) axis is established in part by Nodal signaling. The OA axis is also influenced by treatments affecting respiration and Nodal transcription is influenced by redox‐dependent transcription factors. This suggests that intracellular redox state plays a role in OA axis specification. Since cellular redox state can be altered by the formation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hypoxia and paraquat generate ROS in cells, we asked whether these treatments affected specification of the OA axis and Nodal expression. Embryos cultured under conditions that elevate ROS, demonstrate perturbed ectoderm specification, but other territories are not affected. Immunohistochemical and Q‐RT‐PCR analyses revealed that both oral and aboral ectoderm genes are downregulated. Our results argue that elevating ROS in sea urchin embryos by these treatments blocks early steps in ectoderm differentiation preceding the polarization of the ectoderm into oral and aboral territories. Developmental Dynamics 238:1777–1787, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Summary of ‘Family‐based programmes for preventing smoking by children and adolescents’, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials
Authors: Thomas Roger E. , Baker Philip R. A. , Lorenzetti Diane , Kremer L.C.M. , van Dalen E.C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis is a summary, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials, of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Thomas RE, Baker PRA, Lorenzetti D. Family‐based programmes for preventing smoking by children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004493. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004493.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentaries on ‘Hand washing for preventing diarrhoea’, with a response from the review authors
Authors: Pinto‐Masis Diana , Sguassero Yanina , Ejemot Regina I. , Ehiri John E. , Meremikwu Martin M. , Critchley Julia A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThese are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Ejemot RI, Ehiri JE, Meremikwu MM, Critchley JA. Hand washing for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004265. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004265.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Financial benefits for child health and well‐being in low income or socially disadvantaged families in developed world countries’ with a response from the review authors
Authors: Waldfogel Jane , Lucas Patricia J. , Petticrew Mark , Roberts Helen M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Lucas P, McIntosh K, Petticrew M, Roberts HM, Shiell A. Financial benefits for child health and well‐being in low income or socially disadvantaged families in developed world countries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD006358. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006358.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Financial benefits for child health and well‐being in low income or socially disadvantaged families in developed world countries,’ including tables of key findings and quality of included trials
Authors: Lucas Patricia J. , McIntosh Karen , Petticrew Mark , Roberts Helen M. , Shiell Alan , Kremer L.C.M. , van Dalen E.C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis is a summary, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials, of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Lucas P, McIntosh K, Petticrew M, Roberts HM, Shiell A. Financial benefits for child health and well‐being in low income or socially disadvantaged families in developed world countries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD006358. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006358.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Parenting interventions for the prevention of unintentional injuries in childhood’, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials
Authors: Kendrick D. , Barlow J. , Hampshire A. , Polnay L. , Stewart‐Brown S. , Kremer L.C.M. , van Dalen E.C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis is a summary, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials, of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Kendrick D, Barlow J, Hampshire A, Polnay L, Stewart‐Brown S. Parenting interventions for the prevention of unintentional injuries in childhood. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006020. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006020.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
The Cochrane Library and acute otitis media in children: an overview of reviews
Authors: Shaikh Nader , Harvey Krystal , Paradise Jack L. , Hoberman Alejandro 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis overview critically evaluates the available evidence The Cochrane Library offers on the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM). AOM is one of the most common clinical problems in childhood with peak incidence occurring in the first two years of life.ObjectivesTo summarize Cochrane reviews that assess the effects of treatments for AOM in children.MethodsThe Cochrane Library was searched using the terms ‘otitis media’ and ‘ear infection’. Those reviews focusing on the treatment of AOM in children were included. Data on patient relevant outcomes (pain, treatment failure, AOM recurrence, and adverse events) were extracted by two authors.Main ResultsFive reviews were included in this overview. In the first review, antibiotics were compared with placebo. Although it appeared from the reports reviewed that antibiotics have marginal efficacy (number needed to treat = 12; number needed to harm = 12), because the reviewed studies included mostly older children with mild AOM, the results can not be generalized to young children or to children with severe AOM. In the second review, short (<7 days) and long courses of antibiotics were compared. Although the data were limited, shorter courses resulted in an increased likelihood of treatment failure [odds ratio (OR): 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.55]. In the third review, once‐daily administration of antibiotics was compared with two‐ or three‐times‐daily administration. Although no significant differences were noted, the quality of the original data on which the review was based was less than optimal. In the fourth review, decongestants and/or antihistamines were compared with placebo. Decongestants and antihistamines provided no appreciable benefit and were associated with significant adverse events (OR: 7.34, 95% CI: 1.67, 32.25). In the fifth review, topical analgesic drops and placebo were compared in two small studies. Use of analgesic drops was associated with significant reductions in pain level (OR: 3.07, 95% CI: 1.33, 7.05 for pain reduction of ≥ 50%).Authors' ConclusionsAdditional well‐designed trials in children of various age groups with AOM are needed to determine the efficacy of 1) standard‐course antibiotic treatment, 2) short‐course vs standard‐course antibiotic treatment, and 3) topical analgesia. Limited evidence suggests that the use of decongestants and/or antihistamines in children with AOM should be avoided. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Ammonia Gas Sensor Using Polypyrrole‐Coated TiO2/ZnO Nanofibers
Authors: Wang Ying , Jia Wenzhao , Strout Timothy , Schempf Ashely , Zhang Heng , Li Baikun , Cui Junhong , Lei Yu 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHighly porous polypyrrole (PPy)‐coated TiO2/ZnO nanofibrous mat has been successfully synthesized. The core TiO2/ZnO nanofibers have an average diameter of ca. 100 nm and the shell of ultrathin PPy layer has a thickness of ca. 7 nm. The NH3 gas sensor using the as‐prepared material exhibited a fast response over a wide dynamic range and high sensitivity with a detection limit of 60 ppb (S/N=3). Compared to conventional pristine PPy film, the improved performance in NH3 detection can be attributed to the free access of NH3 to PPy and a minimized gas diffusion resistance through the ultrathin PPy layer.
An Analyte Derivatization Approach for Improved Electrochemical Detection of Amoxicillin
Authors: Chiu Mei‐Hsin , Chang Jen‐Lin , Zen Jyh‐Myng 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper introduces an interesting analyte derivatization approach for improved electrochemical detection of amoxicillin (one of the most frequently used β‐lactam antibiotics). It is based on the well‐known chemical conversion of catechols to o‐quinones by MnO2 that can be subsequently easily determined by electrochemical reduction at inexpensive screen‐printed carbon electrodes. The MnO2 reactor is essential to the proposed amperometric sensor not only to increase the electroactivity but also to achieve the detection selectivity. Under the optimized conditions of applied potential=0.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl and flow rate=500 μL/min, the measurement range was over 3 orders of magnitude with a detection limit (S/N=3) of 17 nM.
Co‐electroosmotic capillary electrophoresis of basic proteins with 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids as non‐covalent coating agents of the fused‐silica capillary and additives of the electrolyte solution
Authors: Corradini Danilo , Nicoletti Isabella , Bonn Günther K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe paper reports the results of a study carried out to evaluate the use of three 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium‐based ionic liquids as non‐covalent coating agents for bare fused‐silica capillaries and additives of the electrolyte solutions (BGE) for CE of basic proteins in the co‐EOF separation mode. The three ionic liquids are differentiated from each other by the length of the alkyl group on the imidazolium cation, consisting of either an ethyl, butyl or octyl substituent, whereas tetrafluoroborate is the common anionic component of the ionic liquids. Coating the capillary with the ionic liquid resulted in improved peak shape and protein separation, while the EOF was maintained cathodic. This indicates that each ionic liquid is effective at masking the protein interaction sites on the inner surface of the capillary, also when its adsorption onto the capillary wall has not completely neutralized all the negative charges arising from the ionization of the silanol groups and the ionic liquid is not incorporated into the BGE employed for separation. Using the coated capillaries with BGE containing the ionic liquid employed for the coating, at concentration low enough to maintaining the EOF cathodic, both peak shape and protein separation varied to different extents, based on the particular ionic liquid used and its concentration. Fast and efficient separation of the model basic protein mixture in co‐electroosmotic CE is obtained with the 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate coated capillary and 100 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.0) containing 4.4 mM 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as the BGE.
Simultaneous enantioseparation of cyproconazole, bromuconazole, and diniconazole enantiomers by CD‐modified MEKC
Authors: Wan Ibrahim Wan Aini , Warno Susanti A. , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. , Hermawan Dadan , Sanagi Mohd Marsin 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn efficient method for the simultaneous enantioseparation of cyproconazole, bromuconazole, and diniconazole enantiomers was developed by CD‐modified MEKC using a dual mixture of neutral CDs as chiral selector. Three neutral CDs namely hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD, hydroxypropyl‐γ‐CD, and γ‐CD were tested as chiral selectors at different concentrations ranging from 10, 20, 30 and 40 mM, but enantiomers of the studied fungicides were not completely separated. The best dual chiral recognition mode for the simultaneous separation of cyproconazole, bromuconazole, and diniconazole enantiomers was achieved with a mixture of 27 mM hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD and 3 mM hydroxypropyl‐γ‐CD in 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) containing 40 mM SDS to which methanol‐acetonitrile (10%:5% v/v) was added as organic modifiers. The best separation was based on the appearance of 10 peaks simultaneously, with good resolution (Rs 1.1–15.9), and peak efficiency (N>200 000). Good repeatabilities in the migration time, peak area, and peak height were obtained in terms of RSD ranging from (0.72 to 1.06)%, (0.39 to 3.49)%, and (1.90 to 4.84)%, respectively.
Studies of electroosmotic flow and the effects of protein adsorption in plasma‐polymerized microchannel surfaces
Authors: Salim Malinda , Wright Phillip C. , McArthur Sally L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a study of EOF properties of plasma‐polymerized microchannel surfaces and the effects of protein (fibrinogen and lysozyme) adsorption on the EOF behavior of the surface‐modified microchannels. Three plasma polymer surfaces, i.e. tetraglyme, acrylic acid and allylamine, are tested. Results indicate EOF suppression in all plasma‐coated channels compared with the uncoated glass microchannel surfaces. The EOF behaviors of the modified microchannels after exposure to protein solutions are also investigated and show that even low levels of protein adsorption can significantly influence EOF behavior, and in some cases, result in the reversal of flow. The results also highlight that EOF measurement can be used as a method for detecting the presence of proteins within microchannels at low surface coverage (<1 ng/cm2 on glass). Critically, the results illustrate that the non‐fouling tetraglyme plasma polymer is able to sustain EOF. Comparison of the plasma‐polymerized surfaces with conventionally grafted polyelectrolyte surfaces demonstrates the stabilities of the plasma polymer films, enabling multiple EOF runs over 3 days without deterioration in performance. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that plasma polymers enable the surface chemistry of microfluidic devices to be tailored for specific applications. Critically, the deposition of the non‐fouling tetraglyme coating enables stable EOF to be induced in the presence of protein.
MCE‐electrochemical detection for following interactions of ssDNA and dsDNA with methylene blue
Authors: Castaño‐Álvarez Mario , Fernández‐la‐Villa Ana , Fernández‐Abedul María Teresa , Costa‐García Agustín 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe interaction between the organic dye, methylene blue and DNA has been studied by MCE with electrochemical detection. Interaction produces two different signals, one corresponding to free methylene blue and other, for the complex methylene blue–DNA. The hybridization between a ssDNA and a complementary sequence, specific to the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, has been performed and studied in a thermoplastic olefin polymer of amorphous structure CE‐microchip with an end‐channel gold wire detector. Moreover, studies with a longer dsDNA, an expression vector involved in the transitory or stable expression in mammals cells, pFLAG‐CMV4, has also been performed.
A multiplex molecular assay for the detection of uniparental disomy for human chromosome 7
Authors: Giardina Emiliano , Peconi Cristina , Cascella Raffaella , Sinibaldi Cecilia , Foti Cuzzola Valeria , Nardone Anna Maria , Bramanti Placido , Novelli Giuseppe 
Published: June 2009

AbstractUniparental disomy (UPD) describes the inheritance of both homologues of a pair of chromosomes from only one parent. This condition is often caused by nondisjunction events during meiosis. UPD has been reported as a rare cause of the autosomal recessive disorder and aberrant expression of imprinted genes that are expressed from only one parental allele, either maternal or paternal. Maternal and/or paternal UPD for chromosome 7 is the most frequently observed UPD after UPD15. Here we developed and validated, for the first time, an effective, CE‐based method for a rapid and economic detection based on two‐fluorescent STR multiplexes.