bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal analysis of MRI T2 knee cartilage laminar organization in a subset of patients from the osteoarthritis initiative: A texture approach
Authors: Carballido‐Gamio Julio , Joseph Gabby B. , Lynch John A. , Link Thomas M. , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCartilage magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxation time is sensitive to hydration, collagen content, and tissue anisotropy, and a potential imaging‐based biomarker for knee osteoarthritis. This longitudinal pilot study presents an improved cartilage flattening technique that facilitates texture analysis using gray‐level co‐occurrence matrices parallel and perpendicular to the cartilage layers, and the application of this technique to the knee cartilage of 13 subjects of the osteoarthritis initiative at baseline, 1‐year follow‐up, and 2‐year follow‐up. Cartilage flattening showed minimum distortion (∼ 0.5 ms) of mean T2 values between nonflattened and flattened T2 maps. Gray‐level co‐occurrence matrices texture analysis of flattened T2 maps detected a cartilage laminar organization at baseline, 1‐year follow‐up, and 2‐year follow‐up by yielding significant (P < 0.05) differences between texture parameters perpendicular and parallel to the cartilage layers. Tendencies showed higher contrast, dissimilarity, angular second moment, and energy perpendicular to the cartilage layers; and higher homogeneity, entropy, variance, and correlation parallel to them. Significant (P < 0.05) longitudinal texture changes were also detected reflecting subtle signs of a laminar disruption. Tendencies showed decreasing contrast, dissimilarity, and entropy; and increasing homogeneity, energy, and correlation. Results of this study warrant further investigation to complete the assessment of the usefulness of the presented methodology in the study of knee osteoarthritis. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iodanalytik: Wie man einen Flüchtigen einfängt
Authors: Monse Grit 
Published: December 2010

AbstractModerne ICP‐OE‐Spektrometer messen bis weit in den UV‐Bereich hinein und bestimmen so Elemente wie Iod und Schwefel, die früher nicht spektroskopisch zugänglich waren. Beim Iod bringen diese neuen Möglichkeiten aber auch neue Herausforderungen mit sich.
Was bei einer Änderung des Geschäftsmodells zu bedenken ist
Authors: Schmidt Ralf 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUnternehmen müssen prüfen, auf welche Art sie Geld verdienen und wie sie mit Kunden und Lieferanten umgehen. Mit angepassten Modellen sind größere Gewinne möglich. Gerade in Commodity‐Märkten sind Strategien gefragt, um Wettbewerbsvorteile aufzubauen.
Analytical model for the prediction of building deflections induced by ground movements
Authors: Deck Oliver , Singh Amresh 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study is to develop an analytical model that can predict the building‐relevant deflections induced by tunnelling or mining subsidence. The model takes into account soil–structure interactions due to differences in stiffness between the ground and the building.The ground is modelled by the Winkler model with an initial ground curvature equivalent to the free‐field ground movements. The building is modelled by a horizontal beam with uniform loading. The static and cinematic equilibrium of both the ground and the building are then calculated to assess the final building and ground shape, and the building deflection is derived.The resulting analytical model is used to investigate the influence of the ground and the building's mechanical properties, the building load and the initial value of the free‐field ground curvature (hogging or sagging). The model appears to be more comprehensive than those reported elsewhere that address the problem with numerical models. In particular, the analytical model makes it possible to distinguish two different final situations—with continuous or discontinuous contact between the ground and the building. The model is compared with numerical results and used to analyse a case study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclic scheduling in robotic flowshops with bounded work‐in‐process levels
Authors: Che Ada , Kats Vladimir , Levner Eugene 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study addresses cyclic scheduling in robotic flowshops with bounded work‐in‐process (WIP) levels. The objective is to minimize the cycle time or, equivalently, to maximize the throughput, under the condition that the WIP level is bounded from above by a given integer number. We present several strongly polynomial algorithms for the 2‐cyclic robotic flowshop scheduling problems for various WIP levels. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 58: 1–16, 2011
Elevation of WNT5A expression in polyp formation in Lkb1+/− mice and Peutz–Jeghers syndrome
Authors: Lai Cecilia , Robinson James , Clark Sue , Stamp Gordon , Poulsom Richard , Silver Andrew 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPeutz‐Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare, inherited disease caused by germline mutation of the LKB1 gene. Patients with PJS develop characteristic polyps in the digestive tract and carry an elevated risk of cancers in multiple organs, including the intestinal tract. While LKB1 is capable of phosphorylating AMPK and regulates the mTOR pathway, it is also known to be a multitasking protein that can influence other cellular processes, including cell polarity. We hypothesized that there may be other biological pathways directly or indirectly affected by the loss of LKB1 in PJS and aimed to investigate this possibility through transcriptional profiling of polyps harvested from an Lkb1+/− mouse model of PJS and from PJS patients. We identified alterations in the mRNA level of a wide range of genes, including some that are involved in Wnt signalling (Wnt5a, Wif1, Dixdc1, Wnt11, Ccnd1, and Ccnd2), although we did not observe nuclear localization of β‐catenin in over 93 human PJS intestinal polyps or in 24 gastric polyps from Lkb1+/− mice. Among these genes, WNT5A, a non‐canonical and non‐transforming Wnt, is consistently up‐regulated in both Lkb1+/− mice and human PJS polyps at a high level. We performed in situ hybridization to further define the spatial expression pattern of WNT5A and observed a strong signal in the stroma of mouse and human polyps compared to no or very low expression in the mucosa. Our findings indicate that WNT5A plays an important role in PJS polyposis. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) and the risk for febrile neutropenia and infection in pediatric oncology patients with chemotherapy
Authors: Frakking F.N.J. , Israëls J. , Kremer L.C.M. , Kuijpers T.W. , Caron H.N. , van de Wetering M.D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe determined whether mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) deficiency is associated with an increased risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) and/or infection in pediatric oncology patients.ProcedureWe systematically searched and reviewed all the literature on MBL and infections in children with cancer, identified from a literature search of Medline, Embase, and Central (1966–April 2010). We extracted information on the type of study, patient characteristics, definition of MBL deficiency, definition of infection and method of detection, follow‐up period and the results of the outcome in different groups. The validity of each study was assessed.ResultsSix cohort studies were retrieved, consisting of 581 children with leukemia (n = 2) or varying types of cancer (n = 4). Many different outcome definitions were used. In only one out of three genotype studies, variant MBL2 genotypes, as well as MBL levels <1,000 µg/L, were associated with an increased duration of FN. In one additional MBL level study the number of FN episodes, bacteremia and severe bacterial infection were increased in patients with MBL levels <100 µg/L as compared to those with MBL levels of 100–999 µg/L. Sepsis, pneumonia, viral infection, and fungal infection were not associated with either MBL levels or genotypes in any of the studies.ConclusionsMBL deficiency could not be identified as an independent risk factor for FN or infection in pediatric oncology patients. A multicenter study of children with comparable chemotherapy regimens, relevant and equal outcome definitions and measuring both MBL levels and genotypes, will be required to avoid clinical and methodological inconsistencies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;57:89–96. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility and efficacy of repeated chemotherapy for progressive pediatric low‐grade gliomas
Authors: Scheinemann Katrin , Bartels Ute , Tsangaris Elena , Hawkins Cynthia , Huang Annie , Dirks Peter , Fried Iris , Bouffet Eric , Tabori Uri 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy is widely accepted as first‐line therapy for pediatric low‐grade gliomas (LGG). Treatment modalities for further progression are not clearly established. The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility and long‐term outcome of repeated chemotherapy for children with recurrent LGG.MethodsThe study group consisted of patients who received a second line of chemotherapy at progression of their LGG. We compared toxicity, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of patients treated with chemotherapy at the time of initial diagnosis and patients who received another treatment with chemotherapy at further progression.ResultsBetween 1985 and 2009, 118 patients received chemotherapy as primary treatment for LGG, 38 had repeated chemotherapy at further progression. Chemotherapy was tolerated extremely well. Ninety‐two percent of patients completed their second line protocol and toxicity was comparable between initial and second line chemotherapy. Five‐year OS and PFS were 86 ± 6% and 37 ± 8%, respectively, which were similar to first‐line chemotherapy (P = 0.14). Repeated chemotherapy courses were not associated with worsening of visual, neuroendocrine, or other long‐term organ sequelae.ConclusionThis study demonstrates high feasibility and low mortality of repeated chemotherapy treatment for progressive LGG. The chronic nature of LGG concerning tumor progression justifies consideration of non‐toxic second‐line treatment regimens at the time of recurrence. Prospective studies focusing on toxicity and long‐term outcome are needed to substantiate this approach. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;57:84–88. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the optical properties of poly(3‐octylthiophene) partially dedoped
Authors: Therézio E. M. , Duarte J. L. , Laureto E. , Di Mauro E. , Dias I. L. , Marletta A. , de Santana H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this work, poly(3‐octylthiophene) (P3OT) films were synthesized electrochemically in non‐aqueous media through the oxidation of the monomer, (3‐octylthiophene), using a standard three‐electrode cell in acetonitrile with 0.05 mol L−1 LiClO4 or 0.05 mol L−1 Et4NBF4. The polymeric films were deposited on fluorine tin oxide (FTO). The partial dedoping was obtained in NH4OH solution, providing a good chemical stability of the formed material. The films obtained through this method have been characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), UV–Vis absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The FT‐IR and EPR spectra together gave the results that led to characterization of two structures (pristine and non‐pristine forms of thiophene rings) while forming the P3OT polymer chain. These results were associated with the stabilization of pristine chains and mixed chains (non‐pristine structures) in the polymeric film. Their bands in the PL spectra are wide and asymmetric and their adjustments by Gaussian functions was necessary; this was the main indication that there are two distinct contributions to the emission spectra. These two contributions are attributed to the emission by mixed chains (Gaussian centered at higher energy) and by pristine chains (Gaussian of lower energy) present in the formed polymeric material. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites having shape memory effects
Authors: Lee Soo Kyung , Yoon Sung Ho , Chung Ildoo , Hartwig Andreas , Kim Byung Kyu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUV curable waterborne polyurethane/silica nanocomposites were designed and synthesized with functionalized silicas, where the functionalization was made with allyl isocyanate. The incorporated silica particles gave triple effects of multifunctional chemical cross‐links, reinforcing fillers, and stress relaxation retarders. Consequently, functionalized silica incorporated into the polymer chains showed significantly improved mechanical and thermal properties than the simple addition of unmodified silica. Notably, over 99% shape fixity and shape recovery with minimum cyclic hysteresis were obtained for the repeated cycles at 1% loading of the modified silica. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Vinylcarbonates and vinylcarbamates: Biocompatible monomers for radical photopolymerization
Authors: Heller Christian , Schwentenwein Martin , Russmüller Günter , Koch Thomas , Moser Doris , Schopper Christian , Varga Franz , Stampfl Jürgen , Liska Robert 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe last decade has seen a remarkable interest in the use of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers as scaffolds for tissue engineering. The fabrication of 3D scaffolds by lithography‐based additive manufacturing technology (AMT) represents an appealing approach. As poly(lactic acid), the state of the art biocompatible and biodegradable material, cannot be processed by these photopolymerization‐based techniques, it has so far been necessary to use selected (meth)acrylates. By developing new photopolymers based on vinyl carbonates and vinyl carbamates as a reactive group we have been able to avoid most of the disadvantages of classical (meth)acrylate‐based photopolymers. The new generation of biocompatible monomers show low cytotoxicity, have good storage stability, and are sufficiently photoreactive to be structured by lithography based AMT. The mechanical properties and rates of degradation of the polymers can be easily tuned over a broad range. Degradation results in the formation of nonacidic and nontoxic degradation products of low molecular weight that can be easily transported within the human body. Initial in vivo tests showed significant osseointegration of the 3D cellular scaffolds and no signs of implant rejection. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Dielectric relaxation and conductivity studies on (PEO:LiClO4) polymer electrolyte with added ionic liquid [BMIM][PF6]: Evidence of ion–ion interaction
Authors: Chaurasia Sujeet K. , Singh Rajendra K. , Chandra S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPolymer electrolytes, (PEO:LiClO4)+x IL (1‐Buty‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) with varying concentration of IL; x = 0,5,10,15,20 wt % have been prepared by solution cast technique and characterized by X‐Ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetery, FTIR, conductivity and dielectric relaxation measurements in the frequency range of 100 Hz–5 MHz. Temperature dependence of relaxation frequency and conductivity were found to be typical of thermally activated process both at T > Tm and T < Tm. Composition dependence of conductivity, dielectric relaxation, and degree of crystallinity has also been studied. On addition of IL, the degree of crystallinity after a decrease at 5 wt % IL increases slightly at 10 wt % and then finally decreasing. Variation of conductivity and relaxation frequency with composition could only be partly explained on the basis of variation of degree of crystallinity. An additional feature of ion–ion interaction (contact ion pair formation between IL or salt cations and their associated anions) has been invoked which was supported by FTIR studies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Polymer segmental dynamics and solvent thermal transitions in poly(ethyl acrylate)/p‐xylene mixtures
Authors: Stathopoulos A. T. , Kyritsis A. , Colomer F. J. Romero , Ribelles J. L. Gomez , Shinyashiki N. , Christodoulides C. , Pissis P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA poly(ethyl acrylate) polymer network was swollen with different concentrations of the nonpolar solvent p‐xylene, cpx, from xerogel until saturation (0 ≤ cpx ≤ 0.85). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) techniques were employed to study the polymer segmental dynamics and the solvent thermal transitions in homogeneous (cpx < 0.20) and partially crystallized (cpx ≥ 0.20) PEA/p‐xylene mixtures. Our DSC measurements indicate that p‐xylene undergoes cold crystallization for intermediate solvent concentrations, 0.20 ≤ cpx ≤ 0.30 while for higher cpx values crystallization takes place during cooling. The results show that for cpx ≤ 0.30 the Tg decreases with increasing cpx (plasticization effect) obeying the respective Fox equation. For the same cpx range we found that both the dielectric strength and the heat capacity increment of the segmental (α) relaxation process increase gradually with cpx whereas the distribution of relaxation times for the underlying molecular relaxations does not change. For cpx > 0.30 the partially crystallized mixtures exhibit a constant Tg corresponding to the gel phase of PEA with an amount of p‐xylene which is not able to crystallize under any conditions. The concentration of this noncrystallized p‐xylene, cUCpx, has been estimated to be between 0.12 and 0.15, independent of the total p‐xylene concentration in the mixtures. When a separate p‐xylene crystal phase is formed (for cpx > 0.30) the segmental dielectric strength and heat capacity increment decrease significantly exhibiting values significantly lower than those measured for the homogeneous gels. In addition, we found that the presence of p‐xylene crystals may induce marginal spatial heterogeneity of polymer (or p‐xylene) concentration within the gel phase affecting thus slightly the breath of the segmental relaxation of PEA. We attribute these results to restrictions of polymer segmental configurations due to constraints imposed by the p‐xylene crystals and/or to the immobilization of a part of the polymer chains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Gold electrodeposition into porous silicon: Comparison between meso‐ and macroporous silicon
Authors: Chourou Mohamed L. , Fukami Kazuhiro , Sakka Tetsuo , Ogata Yukio H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe report the fabrication and characterization of porous Si templates for electrodeposition of Au high aspect ratio nanostructures. The templates with ordered and controlled pore size, 4 µm and 50 nm in diameter, were created through Si etching. Electrodeposition of Au into macroporous Si and into mesoporous Si was investigated. The different morphologies of deposits depending on the Si type and pore size were compared and discussed. The morphology and structural characteristic of the fabricated nanostructures were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The micrographs confirm that the deposition parameters have a strong influence on morphology of the structures. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of PECVD SiOx and SiNx:H films on optical and passivation properties of antireflective porous silicon coatings for silicon solar cells
Authors: Remache L. , Mahdjoub A. , Fourmond E. , Dupuis J. , Lemiti M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe meso‐porous silicon layer (PS) is a promising material to reduce the surface reflectance of solar cells. PS layers were grown on the front surface n+ emitter of n+‐p mono‐crystalline Si junction. Single layers PS antireflection coating (ARC) achieved around 8% of effective reflectivity in the wavelength range between 400 to 1100 nm. To improve the stability and the passivation properties, and to reduce the reflectivity of PS ARC, the design of PECVD silicon oxide (SiOx) and silicon nitride (SiNx:H) layers were investigated. Optimised SiOx and SiNx layer deposited on PS decreased the effective reflectivity respectively to ∼3.8% and ∼7% between 400 and 1000 nm. Open circuit voltage (Voc) measurements were carried out on all the samples by suns‐Voc method and showed an improvement of 20% of the surface passivation quality brought by the nitride layer after rapid thermal anneal (RTA). Using the experimental reflectivity results and taking into account the surface passivation quality of the samples, numerical simulations predict an enhancement of the photogenerated current exceeding 49% for the PS/SiOx stacks (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
EPR study of nanocrystalline tin dioxide
Authors: Konstantinova E. A. , Pentegov I. S. , Marikutsa A. V. , Rumyantseva M. N. , Gaskov A. M. , Kashkarov P. K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe have detected that O2‐ and OH• radicals are the main type of spin centers in nanocrystalline tin dioxide. Their integral concentrations increase proportionally to a growth of specific surface in the investigated samples. Concentration of OH• radicals increases after sample treatment in water vapour. Concentration decrease of O2‐ radicals is provided through the surface modification of tin dioxide with palladium and additionally water molecules, that is probably due to the formation of PdO‐layer on the surface of the samples. It is shown that the SnO2/Pd samples have promising sensor properties. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dip‐coating LiBr on porous silicon: A new method of surface treatment
Authors: Haddadi Ikbel , Dimassi Wissem , Bousbih Rabaa , Ali Kanzari M. , Ezzaouia Hatem 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper we report on the enhancement of optoelectrical properties of the porous silicon (PS) layer passivated with Lithium Bromide (LiBr), a simple method consist of immersion of the PS in dilute LiBr of aqueous solution followed by a thermal treatment at 100 °C under nitrogen can lead to an increase in the intensity of photoluminescence. The morphologies of the samples were studied by atomic force microscope (AFM) show that the immersion has a great effect on the diameter of the nanoparticles of the PS. The experimental results of I‐V measurements show an improvement in the series resistance, which decrease from 867 Ω to 236 Ω. We observed an enhancement of the Light Beam Induced Current (LBIC) after treatment with LiBr it assumed an increase in the minority carrier diffusion length (L), knowing that this method is efficient and has low cost surface treatment (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)