bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bemessung der Verankerung von Befestigungen in Beton
Authors: Eligehausen Rolf , Fuchs Werner 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDie neue CEN/TS 1992‐4 ist eine Vornorm, die aus fünf Teilen besteht und Bemessungsverfahren für Kopfbolzen, Ankerschienen sowie mechanische und chemische Befestigungsmittel zur Übertragung von Lasten in tragende Beton‐ und Stahlbetonkonstruktionen enthält. Voraussetzung für die Bemessung nach dieser CEN/TS ist, dass die Verwendung der zu bemessenden Befestigungsmittel über eine Europäische Technische Spezifikation wie z. B. eine Europäische Technische Zulassung (ETA) nachgewiesen ist. Die Bemessungsverfahren stellen den aktuellen Stand der Technik dar. Die CEN/TS 1992‐4 ist für alle Anwendungen gültig, die in den Bereich der EN 1992‐1 fallen und deshalb auch ein Bestandteil von Eurocode 2 geworden. Die Bemessung des Anbauteils ist nicht abgedeckt. Die Inhalte der CEN/TS 1992‐4‐Reihe werden in diesem Beitrag kurz vorgestellt.Design of Fastenings for Use in Concrete – the new CEN/TS seriesThe new CEN/TS 1992‐4 series is a pre‐standard consisting of 5 parts which provides design methods for headed studs, anchor channels as well as post‐installed mechanical and chemical fasteners for structural purposes to transmit actions into concrete and reinforced concrete structures. The CEN/TS applies to fasteners with established suitability for the specified application in concrete covered by provisions such as European Technical Approvals (ETAs). The design methods represent the actual stateof‐ art. The CEN/TS 1992‐4 is valid for applications which fall within the scope of the series EN 1992. The design of the fixture is not covered. The content of the CEN7TS 1992‐4 series is shortly presented in this paper.
Instandsetzungskonzept für einen chloridbelasteten Brückenüberbau zur Sicherung der Dauerhaftigkeit
Authors: Albertin‐Hummel Ursula , Brandt Bernd 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBrücken sind ständig der Witterung und hoher dynamischer Belastung ausgesetzt. Mit den Jahren hinterlassen diese Beanspruchungen ihre Spuren. Mängel und Schäden treten auf, die die Dauerhaftigkeit nachteilig beeinflussen. Langfristig werden dadurch auch die Stand‐ und Verkehrssicherheit gefährdet. Am Beispiel der Autobahntalbrücke Schallermühle im Zuge der Bundesautobahn A3 Nürnberg – Regensburg wird ein Instandsetzungskonzept zur Sicherung der Dauerhaftigkeit vorgestellt. Die Talbrücke Schallermühle ist eine sechsfeldrige, vorgespannte Brücke, die eine hohe Chloridbelastung und feuchte Stellen mit Ausblühungen aufweist. Zur Behebung dieser Schäden werden allgemeine Überlegungen diskutiert. Mit umfangreichen Berechnungen werden Verstärkungsmaßnahmen und verschiedene Instandsetzungsmodelle numerisch untersucht und die Instandsetzung geplant. Das Instandsetzungskonzept umfasst Verstärkungen sowie Betonersatz an der Oberund Unterseite der Überbauten und eine Erneuerung der Abdichtung.
Mcl‐1 overexpression leads to higher viabilities and increased production of humanized monoclonal antibody in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Majors Brian S. , Betenbaugh Michael J. , Pederson Nels E. , Chiang Gisela G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBioreactor stresses, including nutrient deprivation, shear stress, and byproduct accumulation can cause apoptosis, leading to lower recombinant protein yields and increased costs in downstream processing. Although cell engineering strategies utilizing the overexpression of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins such as Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL potently inhibit apoptosis, no studies have examined the use of the Bcl‐2 family protein, Mcl‐1, in commercial mammalian cell culture processes. Here, we overexpress both the wild type Mcl‐1 protein and a Mcl‐1 mutant protein that is not degraded by the proteasome in a serum‐free Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line producing a therapeutic antibody. The expression of Mcl‐1 led to increased viabilities in fed‐batch culture, with cell lines expressing the Mcl‐1 mutant maintaining ∼90% viability after 14 days when compared with 65% for control cells. In addition to enhanced culture viability, Mcl‐1‐expressing cell lines were isolated that consistently showed increases in antibody production of 20–35% when compared with control cultures. The quality of the antibody product was not affected in the Mcl‐1‐expressing cell lines, and Mcl‐1‐expressing cells exhibited 3‐fold lower caspase‐3 activation when compared with the control cell lines. Altogether, the expression of Mcl‐1 represents a promising alternative cell engineering strategy to delay apoptosis and increase recombinant protein production in CHO cells. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
The fermentation stoichiometry of Thermotoga neapolitana and influence of temperature, oxygen, and pH on hydrogen production
Authors: Munro Sarah A. , Zinder Stephen H. , Walker Larry P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe hyperthermophilic bacterium, Thermotoga neapolitana, has potential for use in biological hydrogen (H2) production. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the fermentation stoichiometry of Thermotoga neapolitana and examine H2 production at various growth temperatures, (2) investigate the effect of oxygen (O2) on H2 production, and (3) determine the cause of glucose consumption inhibition. Batch fermentation experiments were conducted at temperatures of 60, 65, 70, 77, and 85°C to determine product yield coefficients and volumetric productivity rates. Yield coefficients did not show significant changes with respect to growth temperature and the rate of H2 production reached maximum levels in both the 77°C and 85°C experiments. The fermentation stoichiometry for T. neapolitana at 85°C was 3.8 mol H2, 2 mol CO2, 1.8 mol acetate, and 0.1 mol lactate produced per mol of glucose consumed. Under microaerobic conditions H2 production did not increase when compared to anaerobic conditions, which supports other evidence in the literature that T. neapolitana does not produce H2 through microaerobic metabolism. Glucose consumption was inhibited by a decrease in pH. When pH was adjusted with buffer addition cultures completely consumed available glucose. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) for robust enzymatic saccharification of hardwoods
Authors: Wang G. S. , Pan X. J. , Zhu J. Y. , Gleisner R. , Rockwood D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study demonstrates sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) for robust bioconversion of hardwoods. With only about 4% sodium bisulfite charge on aspen and 30‐min pretreatment at temperature 180°C, SPORL can achieve near‐complete cellulose conversion to glucose in a wide range of pretreatment liquor of pH 2.0–4.5 in only about 10 h enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzyme loading was about 20 FPU cellulase plus 30 CBU β‐glucosidase per gram of cellulose. The production of fermentation inhibitor furfural was less than 20 mg/g of aspen wood at pH 4.5. With pH 4.5, SPORL avoided reactor corrosion problem and eliminated the need for substrate neutralization prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Similar results were obtained from maple and eucalyptus. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Progress technology in microencapsulation methods for cell therapy
Authors: Rabanel Jean‐Michel , Banquy Xavier , Zouaoui Hamza , Mokhtar Mohamed , Hildgen Patrice 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCell encapsulation in microcapsules allows the in situ delivery of secreted proteins to treat different pathological conditions. Spherical microcapsules offer optimal surface‐to‐volume ratio for protein and nutrient diffusion, and thus, cell viability. This technology permits cell survival along with protein secretion activity upon appropriate host stimuli without the deleterious effects of immunosuppressant drugs. Microcapsules can be classified in 3 categories: matrix‐core/shell microcapsules, liquid‐core/shell microcapsules, and cells‐core/shell microcapsules (or conformal coating). Many preparation techniques using natural or synthetic polymers as well as inorganic compounds have been reported. Matrix‐core/shell microcapsules in which cells are hydrogel‐embedded, exemplified by alginates capsule, is by far the most studied method. Numerous refinement of the technique have been proposed over the years such as better material characterization and purification, improvements in microbead generation methods, and new microbeads coating techniques. Other approaches, based on liquid‐core capsules showed improved protein production and increased cell survival. But aside those more traditional techniques, new techniques are emerging in response to shortcomings of existing methods. More recently, direct cell aggregate coating have been proposed to minimize membrane thickness and implants size. Microcapsule performances are largely dictated by the physicochemical properties of the materials and the preparation techniques employed. Despite numerous promising pre‐clinical results, at the present time each methods proposed need further improvements before reaching the clinical phase. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
The Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 Sfp‐Type Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Does Not Possess Characteristic Broad‐Range Activity
Authors: Roberts Alexandra A. , Copp Janine N. , Marahiel Mohamed A. , Neilan Brett A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 harbours one phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase), Sppt. Protein modelling supported previous bioinformatics analyses, which suggested that Sppt is a Sfp‐type PPTase with the potential to phosphopantetheinylate a broad range of carrier proteins from both primary and secondary metabolism. However, no natural products are synthesised by this species, which raises interesting evolutionary and functional questions. Phosphopantetheinylation assays and kinetic data demonstrate that Sppt was able to activate its cognate fatty acid synthesis carrier protein, SACP, but was unable to effectively activate various cyanobacterial carrier proteins from secondary metabolism or glycolipid biosynthesis pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a PPTase with a Sfp‐type structure, but with activity more closely resembling AcpS‐type enzymes. The broad‐range PPTase from Nodularia spumigena NSOR10 was introduced into Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and was shown to activate a noncognate carrier protein, in vivo. This engineered strain could provide a future biotechnological platform for the heterologous expression of cyanobacterial biosynthetic gene clusters.
Eosin Y‐Sensitized Artificial Photosynthesis by Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Regeneration of Nicotinamide Cofactor
Authors: Lee Sahng Ha , Nam Dong Heon , Kim Jae Hong , Baeg Jin‐Ook , Park Chan Beum 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDye‐sensitized photosynthesis: Eosin Y (EY), a dye photosensitizer, works efficiently as a molecular photoelectrode by catalyzing the visible‐light‐driven electron‐transfer reaction for efficient regeneration of NADH through a photosensitizer–electron relay dyad. Injection of the photosensitized electron resulted in highly accelerated regeneration of NADH, which can be used by glutamate dehydrogenase for the photosynthesis of L‐glutamate.magnified image
Translational Diffusion and Interaction of a Photoreceptor and Its Cognate Transducer Observed in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles by Using Dual‐Focus FCS
Authors: Kriegsmann Jana , Gregor Ingo , von der Hocht Iris , Klare Johann , Engelhard Martin , Enderlein Jörg , Fitter Jörg 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn order to monitor membrane–protein binding in lipid bilayers at physiological protein concentrations, we employed the recently developed dual‐focus fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (2fFCS) technique. In a case study on a photoreceptor consisting of seven transmembrane helices and its cognate transducer (two transmembrane helices), the lateral diffusion for these integral membrane proteins was analyzed in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The two‐dimensional diffusion coefficients of both separately diffusing proteins differ significantly, with D=2.2×10−8 cm2 s−1 for the photoreceptor and with D=4.1×10−8 cm2 s−1 for the transducer. In GUVs with both membrane proteins present together, we observed significantly smaller diffusion coefficients for labelled transducer molecules; this indicates the presence of larger diffusing units and therefore intermolecular protein binding. Based on the phenomenological dependence of diffusion coefficients on the molecule's cylindrical radius, we are able to estimate the degree of membrane protein binding on a quantitative level.
Spatio‐Temporal Control of Cell Coculture Interactions on Surfaces
Authors: Lee Eun‐Ju , Chan Eugene W. L. , Yousaf Muhammad N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCoculture control: We report a combined photochemical and electroactive self‐assembled monolayer (SAM)‐based substrate strategy to generate a coculture platform with spatial and temporal control of cell–cell interactions. These dynamic substrates can present a variety of ligands on the surface for biospecific interactions between the ligands and cell surface receptors. Photopatterning enables the ligands to be immobilized in patterns and even gradients.magnified image
Utility of on‐line three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography during percutaneous atrial septal defect closure
Authors: Price Matthew J. , Smith Michael R. , Rubenson David S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractKey echocardiographic assessments during percutaneous atrial septal defect (ASD) closure are the maximal defect diameter, the presence or absence of tissue rims, and the spatial relationships between the implanted device and cardiac structures. These assessments drive device selection and may help identify situations that may place a patient at risk for device erosion or other complications. On‐line three‐dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) enables the rendering of nearly unlimited tissue planes within an acquired pyramidal‐shaped volume with minimal image post‐processing. We present several cases of percutaneous ASD closure guided by on‐line 3D TEE imaging that highlight the potential advantages of this new imaging technology. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary artery growth following arterial duct stenting in congenital heart disease with duct‐dependent pulmonary circulation
Authors: Santoro Giuseppe , Palladino Maria Teresa , Capozzi Giovanbattista , Iacono Carola , Russo Maria Giovanna , Calabrò Raffaele 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study was to assess the pulmonary artery (PA) growth following arterial duct (AD) stenting in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) with duct‐dependent pulmonary circulation.Background:AD stenting is increasingly deemed as a reliable alternative to surgical shunt in CHD with duct‐dependent pulmonary circulation. Allowing the stent to conform to the PA anatomy might avoid any unbalance of lung perfusion and promote a uniform growth of the main PAs.Methods:Of the 47 neonates and infants submitted to AD stenting as palliation of CHD with duct‐dependent pulmonary circulation at our Institution, 15 underwent angiographic evaluation of the PA development before surgical repair due to progressive decrease of the systemic oxygen saturation. The Nakata and McGoon indexes as well as the left‐to‐right PA diameter ratio were considered as being indicative of global and balanced growth.Results:Ductal stabilization was achieved with coronary stents dilated to 3.3 ± 0.4 mm (range 2.5–4). The control angiography was performed 7 ± 3 months (range 3–13) after the stenting procedure. At that time, the Nakata and McGoon indexes had significantly increased from 132 ± 67 to 287 ± 94 mm/m2 and from 1.6 ± 0.3 to 2.1 ± 0.2 mm/m2, respectively (P < 0.0001 for both comparisons), due to uniform vascular growth (left PA z‐score from −0.7 ± 1.6 to 1.4 ± 1.2; right PA from −0.8 ± 1.4 to 1.4 ± 1.2, P < 0.0001 for both comparisons; final left‐to‐right PA ratio 0.9 ± 0.1).Conclusions:Percutaneous AD stabilization with highly flexible coronary stents is effective in promoting a significant and balanced growth of the PAs in CHD with duct‐dependent pulmonary circulation. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term outcomes of drug‐eluting stents versus bare‐metal stents in saphenous vein graft disease: Results from the Prairie “Real World” Stent Registry
Authors: Goswami Nilesh J. , Gaffigan Matthew , Berrio Gadiel , Plessa Anna L. , Pfeiffer Amanda M. , Markwell Stephen J. , Mishkel Gregory J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives:This study was designed to compare long‐term clinical outcomes of drug‐eluting stents (DES) versus bare metal stents (BMS) in patients with saphenous vein graft (SVG) disease in the “real world.”Background:The safety and efficacy of DES versus BMS in SVG remains uncertain due to contradictory reports of either lower revascularization rates with DES; or clinical equivalence to BMS; or even an excess of clinical events associated with DES use.Methods:We identified consecutive patients who underwent stent placement within a de novo SVG lesion between May 1, 2003 and July 31, 2007. Follow‐up was obtained at regular intervals. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to produce actuarial survival estimates. Cox regression analysis was used to predict the risk associated with stent type, and propensity scores were generated to risk‐adjust the results.Results:The study group included 379 stent recipients (284 DES; 95 BMS) with 410 stented lesions. BMS were placed more frequently in current smokers, acute myocardial infarctions, larger vessels, and longer lesions. In‐hospital mortality was higher in BMS recipients than in their DES counterparts (3.2% vs. 0, respectively; P = 0.015). At 3 years, there was no significant difference in clinical adverse event rates between DES and BMS recipients, even after risk adjustment.Conclusions:Three‐year adverse event rates are similar among patients treated with DES or BMS in SVG lesions. Therefore, while DES are safe, they do not appear to offer an advantage in terms of long‐term graft patency. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diastolic transmitral valve pressure gradients in patients with severe calcific aortic stenosis
Authors: Yong Gerald , Ali Aman , Feldman Ted 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground:During hemodynamic assessment prior to antegrade balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV), unanticipated transmitral valve pressure gradients (MVG) were noted frequently.Aim:To determine the prevalence and significance of a significant MVG in patients with aortic stenosis and no previously diagnosed mitral valve stenosis.Method:Retrospective chart review of patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent antegrade BAV. During antegrade BAV, direct transseptal left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) pressure measurements were obtained allowing for accurate assessment of MVG. Significant MVG is defined as a LA–LV gradient of ≥5 mm Hg.Results:Eighty‐two BAV patients were reviewed (mean age 84 ± 8.9 years, mean additive Euroscore 10.5 ± 2.2). The mean MVG was 5.0 ± 3.5 mm Hg (range 0–14 mm Hg). A significant MVG was seen in 54.9% and, compared with no significant MVG, was associated at with significantly higher LA mean pressure (26.0 ± 6.0 mm Hg vs. 16.8 ± 6.6 mm Hg, P < 0.001), higher pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (59.3 ± 14.7 mm Hg vs. 43.1 ± 16.5 mm Hg, P < 0.001), and higher pulmonary mean systolic pressure (37.7 ± 10.4 mm Hg vs. 28.0 ± 11.4 mm Hg, P < 0.001). Statistically significant correlations were seen between MVG and LA mean pressure (r = 0.65, P < 0.001), pulmonary arterial systolic (r = 0.49, P < 0.001) and pulmonary arterial mean pressures (r = 0.41, P < 0.001). There was no association with cardiovascular risk factors, with presence or severity of mitral annular calcification (visually assessed on cine‐fluoroscopy) or with the presence of mitral regurgitation.Conclusions:A significant MVG is commonly seen in patients with severe calcific aortic stenosis and is associated with higher pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonnegative approximations of nonnegative tensors
Authors: Lim Lek‐Heng , Comon Pierre 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe study the decomposition of a nonnegative tensor into a minimal sum of outer product of nonnegative vectors and the associated parsimonious naïve Bayes probabilistic model. We show that the corresponding approximation problem, which is central to nonnegative PARAFAC, will always have optimal solutions. The result holds for any choice of norms and, under a mild assumption, even Brègman divergences. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Catalytic Mechanism of Fluoroacetate Dehalogenase: A Computational Exploration of Biological Dehalogenation
Authors: Kamachi Takashi , Nakayama Tomonori , Shitamichi Osamu , Jitsumori Keiji , Kurihara Tatsuo , Esaki Nobuyoshi , Yoshizawa Kazunari 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe biological dehalogenation of fluoroacetate carried out by fluoroacetate dehalogenase is discussed by using quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations for a whole‐enzyme model of 10 800 atoms. Substrate fluoroacetate is anchored by a hydrogen‐bonding network with water molecules and the surrounding amino acid residues of Arg105, Arg108, His149, Trp150, and Tyr212 in the active site in a similar way to haloalkane dehalogenase. Asp104 is likely to act as a nucleophile to attack the α‐carbon of fluoroacetate, resulting in the formation of an ester intermediate, which is subsequently hydrolyzed by the nucleophilic attack of a water molecule to the carbonyl carbon atom. The cleavage of the strong CF bond is greatly facilitated by the hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the leaving fluorine atom and the three amino acid residues of His149, Trp150, and Tyr212. The hydrolysis of the ester intermediate is initiated by a proton transfer from the water molecule to His271 and by the simultaneous nucleophilic attack of the water molecule. The transition state and produced tetrahedral intermediate are stabilized by Asp128 and the oxyanion hole composed of Phe34 and Arg105.