bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Classical Resolution for Separation of DL‐Serine
Authors: Sistla V. S. , von Langermann J. , Lorenz H. , Seidel‐Morgenstern A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFor resolution of chiral compound‐forming substances diastereomeric salt formation is the most important classical separation technique. Diastereomeric salts possess different physical and chemical properties, e.g., solubilities, which facilitate the effective separation via crystallization. A maximum recovery of both diastereomeric salts is usually unachievable when there is a lack of quantitative information regarding solubility and metastable zone width. The present work provides experimental results for the formation of diastereomeric salts of DL‐serine. As basic thermodynamic data binary melting and ternary solubility phase diagrams are shown and discussed. A plan for a series of crystallization processes is suggested for the recovery of both salts in pure form with a maximum possible yield.
Closed Crystalline Tubes as a Container System
Authors: Schuster A. , Stelzer T. , Petersen S. , Ulrich J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHollow crystalline glucose anhydrate needles are produced based on a technique to produce hollow crystal needles by phase transformation of solvate crystals into non‐solvates. The fascinating characteristic of the glucose anhydrate needles is the possibility of closing them by a simple drying process. This creates great potential for future applications as a container system, e.g., for pharmaceutical substances. The hollowness of the needles has already been proven, but the filling of the needles has not been investigated. Due to the lack of a direct method to demonstrate the possibility of filling the needles, two indirect methods are presented to demonstrate a successful technique to enclose substances in these needles. On the one hand, the filling is proven by fluorescence microscopy of glucose anhydrate needles with enclosed rhodamine 6G. Here it is possible to visualize the fluorescence dye by observation of the broken needles. On the other hand, the concentration of included ibuprofen is examined by the means of UV spectroscopic measurements. A significant concentration of the enclosed drug is detected following the extraction out of the needle interior.
Small Noncytotoxic Carbon Nano‐Onions: First Covalent Functionalization with Biomolecules
Authors: Luszczyn Joanna , Plonska‐Brzezinska Marta E. , Palkar Amit , Dubis Alina T. , Simionescu Agneta , Simionescu Dan T. , Kalska‐Szostko Beata , Winkler Krzysztof , Echegoyen Luis 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSmall carbon nano‐onions (CNOs, 6–8 shells) were prepared in high yield and functionalized with carboxylic groups by chemical oxidation. After functionalization these nanostructures were soluble in aqueous solutions. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2 tetrazolium (MTS) tests showed excellent cytocompatibility of all CNOs analyzed at 30 and 300 μg mL−1, so these carbon nanostructures can be safely used for biological applications. The first covalent functionalization of oxidized CNOs (ox‐CNOs) with biomolecules, by using biotin–avidin interactions is reported here. Multilayers were prepared on a gold surface by layer‐by‐layer assembly and the process was monitored by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Covalent binding of molecules to the short amine‐terminated organosulfur monolayers was assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using total attenuated reflactance mode (FT‐IR/HATR).
Constant vapour pressure evaporation from a fragrance emulsion—effect of surfactant content in the liquid crystal
Authors: Ge Lingling , Friberg Stig. E. , Guo Rong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe evaporation paths for constant fragrance vapour pressure were calculated in a model emulsion system of water, surfactant, and linalool.It was found that the water content of the liquid crystal had a moderate effect on the time during which the fragrance vapour pressure was constant; significantly less of a consequence than the fraction of surfactant in the oil phase in equilibrium with the aqueous and liquid crystal phases.The results will serve as a guidance for the formulation of optimal fragrance emulsions for the mass market.
Log odds of positive lymph nodes
Authors: Sun Zhe , Xu Yan , Li De Ming , Wang Zhen Ning , Zhu Guo Lian , Huang Bao Jun , Li Kai , Xu Hui Mian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) is defined as the log of the ratio between the probability of being a positive lymph nodes and the probability of being a negative lymph nodes when one lymph node is retrieved. The value of LODDS staging system on prognostic assessment for gastric cancer patients with R0 resection is still unclear.METHODS:Clinicopathologic and prognostic data of 2547 gastric cancer patients underwent D2 or D3 lymphadenectomy with R0 surgery were retrospectively studied.RESULTS:Multivariate analysis indentified LODDS stage was an independent prognostic factor, but not pN classification or rN classification. The scatter plots of the relationship between LODDS and the number, the ratio of nodes metastasis, suggested that the LODDS stage had power to divide patients with the same number or ratio of nodes metastasis into different groups. For patients in each of the pN or rN classifications, significant differences in survival could always be observed among patients in different LODDS stages. However, for patients in each LODDS stage, prognosis was highly homologous between those in different pN or rN classifications. A minimum number of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 10 nodes retrieved should be met for patients in the pN0, pN1, pN2, pN3, and rN0‐3 classifications, respectively, unless the hazard risks of death would be underestimated or overestimated. However, LODDS stage could discriminate among 5 groups of patients with highly homologous prognosis, regardless how many nodes retrieved.CONCLUSIONS:The LODDS system is more reliable than the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer and American Joint Committee on cancer pN system and the rN system for prognostic assessment. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Loss of SM22 is a characteristic signature of colon carcinogenesis and its restoration suppresses colon tumorigenicity in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Yeo Marie , Park Hee Jin , Kim Dong‐Kyu , Kim Young Bae , Cheong Jae Youn , Lee Kwang Jae , Cho Sung Won 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:We previously found the down‐expression of SM22 in an experimental animal model of colorectal cancer by performing a proteomic analysis. In this study, we addressed the expression and molecular mechanisms of SM22 in human colorectal cancer.METHODS:To evaluate the expression of SM22 in colon cancers, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were performed in 13 normal, 14 adenomas, and 44 adenocarcinomas. To address the role of SM22 in colon carcinogenesis, SM22 was restored in the colon cancer cells by the transfection with the pIRES2 vector containing full‐length SM22 cDNA and tested for tumorigenicity in vivo and in vitro.RESULTS:SM22 was found to be significantly down‐regulated in adenocarcinoma (58%) compared with adenoma (21.4%) and normal (15.3%). The loss of SM22 correlated with poor differentiation of tumor (P = 0.009) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.029). Restoration of SM22 expression inhibited cell migration, colony‐forming ability of cancer cells, and induced retardation of in vivo tumor growth in a xenograft model.CONCLUSIONS:Loss of SM22 is a molecular signature of colon cancer and is closely associated with progression, differentiation, and metastasis of colon cancer. The restoration of SM22 leads to an inhibition of colon carcinogenesis in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that SM22 might potentially function as a novel tumor suppressor. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Age/race differences in HER2 testing and in incidence rates for breast cancer triple subtypes
Authors: Lund Mary Jo , Butler Ebonee N. , Hair Brionna Y. , Ward Kevin C. , Andrews Judy H. , Oprea‐Ilies Gabriella , Bayakly A. Rana , O'Regan Ruth M. , Vertino Paula M. , Eley J. William 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although US year 2000 guidelines recommended characterizing breast cancers by human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), national cancer registries do not collect HER2, rendering a population‐based understanding of HER2 and clinical “triple subtypes” (estrogen receptor [ER] / progesterone receptor [PR] / HER2) largely unknown. We document the population‐based prevalence of HER2 testing / status, triple subtypes and present the first report of subtype incidence rates.METHODS:Medical records were searched for HER2 on 1842 metropolitan Atlanta females diagnosed with breast cancer during 2003‐2004. HER2 testing/status and triple subtypes were analyzed by age, race/ethnicity, tumor factors, socioeconomic status, and treatment. Age‐adjusted incidence rates were calculated.RESULTS:Over 90% of cases received HER2 testing: 12.6% were positive, 71.7% negative, and 15.7% unknown. HER2 testing compliance was significantly better for women who were younger, of Caucasian or African‐American descent, or diagnosed with early stage disease. Incidence rates (per 100,000) were 21.1 for HER2+ tumors and 27.8 for triple‐negative tumors, the latter differing by race (36.3 and 19.4 for black and white women, respectively).CONCLUSIONS:HER2 recommendations are not uniformly adhered to. Incidence rates for breast cancer triple subtypes differ by age/race. As biologic knowledge is translated into the clinical setting eg, HER2 as a biomarker, it will be incumbent upon national cancer registries to report this information. Incidence rates cautiously extrapolate to an annual burden of 3000 and 17,000 HER2+ tumors for black and white women, respectively, and triple‐negative tumors among 5000 and 16,000 respectively. Testing, rate, and burden variations warrant population‐based in‐depth exploration and clinical translation. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A phase I study to assess the feasibility and oncologic safety of axillary reverse mapping in breast cancer patients
Authors: Bedrosian Isabelle , Babiera Gildy V. , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Kuerer Henry M. , Pantoja Laura , Hunt Kelly K. , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Meric‐Bernstam Funda 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is a novel technique to preserve upper extremity lymphatics that may reduce the incidence of lymphedema after axillary lymph node dissection. Early reports have suggested that ARM lymph nodes do not contain metastatic disease from breast cancer; however, these studies were conducted in early stage patients with low likelihood of lymph node metastasis. This study reported a phase 1 trial conducted in patients with cytologically documented axillary metastasis undergoing axillary lymph node dissection to determine the feasibility and oncologic safety of ARM.METHODS:Thirty patients, 23 (77%) of whom received preoperative therapy (chemotherapy in 22 patients and hormonal therapy in 1 patient), were enrolled. Blue dye was injected in the upper inner ipsilateral arm. The presence of blue lymphatics was noted, and blue lymph nodes were sent separately for pathologic evaluation.RESULTS:The average time between blue dye injection and axillary exposure was 35 minutes (range, 15‐60 minutes). Blue lymphatics were identified in 21 patients (70%) and blue lymph nodes in 15 patients (50%). The median number of ARM lymph nodes was 1 (range, 0‐3 lymph nodes) and the median number of axillary lymph nodes was 26 (range, 6‐47 lymph nodes). Axillary metastases were noted in 60% (18 of 30) of patients. Of 11 patients who had axillary metastasis and at least 1 ARM lymph node identified, 2 (18%) had metastasis to the ARM lymph node.CONCLUSIONS:ARM appears to be a feasible technique with which to identify upper arm lymphatics during axillary surgery. However, the high prevalence of disease involving ARM lymph nodes in this small cohort suggested that preservation of these lymphatics is not oncologically safe in women with documented axillary lymph node metastasis from breast cancer. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Determining the Three‐Dimensional Electronic Transition Dipole Moment Orientation: Influence of an Isomeric Mixture
Authors: Linke Martin , Theisen Moritz , von Haimberger Theodore , Madjet Mohamed El‐Amine , Zacarias Angelica , Fidder Henk , Heyne Karsten 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA new mixed experimental and theoretical approach for determining the exact three‐dimensional orientation of electronic transition dipole moments (tdms) within the molecular frame is discussed. Results of applying this method on Chlorophyll a and the dye Coumarin 314 (C314) are presented. For C314 the possible influence of a mixture of E‐ and Z‐isomers in the sample on the determined electronic tdm is investigated. Moreover, the robustness of the method is investigated with the C314 data.
NMR Spectroscopic Investigation of Mobility and Hydrogen Bonding of the Chromophore in the Binding Pocket of Phytochrome Proteins
Authors: Röben Marco , Hahn Janina , Klein Eva , Lamparter Tilman , Psakis Georgios , Hughes Jon , Schmieder Peter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFor a complete understanding of the light reception of phytochrome proteins, a detailed study of the structure and dynamics of the binding pocket at atomic resolution is required. Structures from X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy are available and have been able to provide a picture of the binding pocket. NMR spectroscopy has, in addition, shown that the chromophore exhibits noticeable dynamics in the binding pocket of the cyanobacterial phytochrome Cph1. Herein, NMR spectroscopy is used to investigate further the mobility of the chromophore by analyzing the line widths of the resonances of the chromophore in various environments, in particular other protein environments. It is shown that the chromophore exhibits a different mobility in the binding pocket of the bacterial phytochrome Agp1 than in that of the cyanobacterial phytochrome Cph1. Finally, it is shown that NMR spectroscopy is capable of detecting hydrogen bonds in the binding pocket of phytochromes by observing slow exchange of protons in the amino acid side chains.
Protein–Protein Complex Formation Affects the Ni–Fe and Fe–S Centers in the H2‐Sensing Regulatory Hydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha H16
Authors: Löscher Simone , Gebler Antje , Stein Matthias , Sanganas Oliver , Buhrke Thorsten , Zebger Ingo , Dau Holger , Friedrich Bärbel , Lenz Oliver , Haumann Michael 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe regulatory Ni–Fe hydrogenase (RH) from the H2‐oxidizing bacterium Ralstonia eutropha functions as an oxygen‐resistant hydrogen sensor, which is composed of the large, active‐site‐containing HoxC subunit and the small subunit HoxB carrying Fe–S clusters. In vivo, the HoxBC subunits form a dimer designated as RHwt. The RHwt protein transmits its signals to the histidine protein kinase HoxJ, which itself forms a homotetramer and a stable complex with RHwt (RHwt–HoxJwt), located in the cytoplasm. In this study, we used X‐ray absorption (XAS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the impact of various complexes between RH and HoxJ on the structural and electronic properties of the Ni–Fe active site and the Fe–S clusters. Aside from the RHwt protein and the RHwt–HoxJwt complex, we investigated the RHstop protein, which consists of only one HoxB and HoxC unit due to the missing C‐terminus of HoxB, as well as RHwt–HoxJΔkinase, in which the histidine protein kinase lacks the transmitter domain. All constructs reacted with H2, leading to the formation of the EPR‐detectable NiIII‐C state of the active site and to the reduction of Fe–S clusters detectable by XAS, thus corroborating that H2 cleavage is independent of the presence of the HoxJ protein. In RHstop, presumably one Fe–S cluster was lost during the preparation procedure. The coordination of the active site Ni in RHstop differed from that in RHwt and the RHwt–HoxJ complexes, in which additional NiO bonds were detected by XAS. The NiO bonds caused only very minor changes of the EPR g‐values of the Ni‐C and Ni‐L states and of the IR vibrational frequencies of the diatomic CN− and CO ligands at the active‐site Fe ion. Both one Fe–S cluster in HoxB and an oxygen‐rich Ni coordination seem to be stabilized by RH dimerization involving the C‐terminus of HoxB and by complex formation with HoxJ.
CSR and environmental responsibility: motives and pressures to adopt green management practices
Authors: Babiak Kathy , Trendafilova Sylvia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the diffusion of environmental management initiatives in business and the motives and pressures reported by senior executives to adopt these practices in one industry. We frame these sustainable practices under the umbrella of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and examine the causal drivers of environmental behavior. This study used a mixed‐methods approach and included a survey and 17 in‐depth interviews with professional sports team and league executives. Data revealed both strategic and legitimacy motives to adopt environmental management practices. More specifically, the analysis suggested that strategic motives were the primary reason for adopting an environmental CSR focus. Motives to address institutional pressures were also found, although to a lesser extent. The paper discusses the role and relevance environmentally focused CSR plays in professional sport organizations in North America and presents suggestions for future research in this area. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Microwave‐Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanostructured Zinc‐Copper Gallates
Authors: Conrad Franziska , Zhou Ying , Yulikov Maxim , Hametner Kathrin , Weyeneth Stephen , Jeschke Gunnar , Günther Detlef , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk , Patzke Greta R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractZinc gallate is an important semiconductor for manifold applications, e.g. in field emission displays or as a photocatalyst for water splitting. In addition to these interesting properties, zinc gallate is also an excellent matrix material that can be furthermore tuned through the incorporation of guest cations to form functional solid solutions with new optical and catalytic properties. We present a convenient microwave‐hydrothermal synthesis of nanostructured Cu2+‐substituted ZnGa2O4 spinels and their characterization with respect to morphology, chemical composition, structural, magnetic and optical properties. The microwave‐based approach offers a straightforward and one‐step access to nanostructured zinc gallate‐based materials and related compounds as a new preparative advantage. As the properties of mixed spinel‐based solid solutions strongly depend on the distribution of the guest ions between the different lattice sites, we have employed a wide range of analytical techniques to investigate the physico‐chemical properties of the obtained copper‐containing zinc gallate materials. The element specific EXAFS analysis at the Cu K‐ and Zn K‐edge shows a difference in the coordination environments with Zn mostly situated on the tetrahedral sites of the spinel lattice whereas Cu is located on the octahedral sites of the nanostructured ZnGa2O4:Cu2+ materials.
Lipid, protein and fatty acid profiles of Emericella sp. in different media
Authors: Verma Shikha , De Bijay Krishna 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe soil‐derived fungus Emericella sp. was explored for its potential to produce lipid. Lipid profile, fatty acid composition, production of proteins and carbohydrates from lipid‐extracted biomass were determined. The effects of variations in the contents of carbon sources (glucose, dextrose), the salt content (NaCl) and the growth period were studied. A study on the effect of different growing media on the above‐mentioned parameters was also carried out. Although the maximum amount of lipid (6.14 ± 0.42 g/L) and protein (5.99 ± 0.47 g/L) was produced after 13 days in medium A containing 10% wt/vol glucose, the optimum lipid (2.90 ± 0.21 g/L) and protein (3.23 ± 0.28 g/L) production was observed in 2% wt/vol glucose medium considering the glucose content in the medium. The principal fatty acids found were 16:0 (14.4 ± 1.0 to 24.5 ± 2.4 wt‐%), 18:0 (12.1 ± 0.4 to 27.7 ± 2.7 wt‐%), 18:1 (13.5 ± 2.1 to 25.2 ± 2.8wt‐%) and 18:2 (30.9 ± 2.0 to 47.0 ± 2.8 wt‐%). Some of the lipids, especially those grown for 7 days in less glucose‐containing (1 and 2% wt/vol) medium were found to contain nearly 9.0 wt‐% of long‐chain PUFA 18:4, 20:4, 20:5, 22:4, and 22:5).
Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Secondary Alcohols Mediated by N‐Methylimidazole in the Presence of Optically Active Acyl Chlorides
Authors: Leclercq Loïc , Suisse Isabelle , Agbossou‐Niedercorn Francine 
Published: March 2010

AbstractN‐Methylimidazole was used to promote the acylation of secondary racemic alcohols and to carry out their kinetic resolution through intermediate chiral acyl imidazolium chlorides. The kinetic resolution could be turned into a catalytic process in the presence of a catalytic amount of N‐methylimidazole.
3,5‐Bis(benzothiazolyl)‐Substituted BODIPY Dyes
Authors: Poronik Yevgen M. , Yakubovskyi Viktor P. , Shandura Mykola P. , Vlasenko Yuriy G. , Chernega Alexander N. , Kovtun Yuriy P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA number of new BODIPY dyes with benzothiazolyl substituents have been synthesized that exhibit long‐wavelength absorption and act as strong fluorophores. The optical properties of the dyes were studied by using spectroscopic methods and quantum‐chemical calculations. The structural peculiarities of the dyes obtained, in comparison to their analogues, were studied by X‐ray analysis.
Metal‐Free Air Oxidation of Thiols in Recyclable Ionic Liquid: A Simple and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Disulfides
Authors: Singh Devender , Galetto Fábio Z. , Soares Letiére C. , Rodrigues Oscar E. Dorneles , Braga Antonio Luiz 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn efficient procedure for the oxidative coupling of alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl thiols with atmospheric oxygen is reported. The methodology utilizes BMIM‐BF4 as a recyclable solvent and does not require support materials or metal salts. Symmetric disulfides are obtained in excellent yields.
Production of paramylon, a β‐1,3‐glucan, by heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis on potato liquor
Authors: Šantek Bozidar , Felski Michael , Friehs Karl , Lotz Martin , Flaschel Erwin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEuglena gracilis is shown to be able to grow on potato liquor as the main medium component leading to an interesting biotechnological product represented by paramylon – a β‐1,3‐glucan – and, at the same time, revaluating an otherwise annoying waste stream of the potato‐starch industry. Paramylon mass fractions of about 75% are obtained for biomass concentrations of 15 g/L during simple batch cultivation under heterotrophic conditions. Supplementation of the growth medium with glucose and the vitamins B1 and B12 are shown to improve growth rate as well as paramylon content. E. gracilis grows best at about 27.5°C without requiring pH control.