bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pedagogical and teaching strategies used to teach writing to pre-licensure students enrolled in health professional programs: a scoping review protocol
Authors: McCloskey Rose , Morris Patricia , Keeping-Burke Lisa , Goudreau Alex , McGill Ali , Knight Holly , Buckley Sarah , Mazerolle David , Jones Courtney 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
The objective of this review is to map the existing literature on pedagogical approaches and teaching strategies used to teach academic and professional writing to pre-licensure students who are enrolled in health professional programs.

Introduction:
Health professional programs are intended to develop competence in both academic and professional writing. Effective academic writing skills prompt critical reflection and engagement with research communities, while professional writing skills are used to document interventions and communicate across health systems. Despite the importance of these 2 forms of writing, there are ongoing concerns that practitioners are entering practice without adequate writing skills. Given these concerns and the importance of writing across health disciplines, there is value in identifying the pedagogical strategies and approaches used in health professional programs to develop writing skills and to transfer such skills from one communicative context to another.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider research on the pedagogical approaches and teaching strategies used to teach academic and professional writing in pre-licensure health professional programs.

Methods:
This review will be conducted in line with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The search strategy will aim to locate published literature using MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL with Full-Text (EBSCOhost), ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health (ProQuest), and ERIC (EBSCOhost), along with gray literature (using databases/search engines). Papers published from 2010 onward in English and in French will be included. Extracted data will be reported in tabular format and presented narratively to address each review objective.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework http://osf.io/9raxp
Bidirectional Relationship Over Time Between Body Mass Index and Fundamental Movement Skill Domains Measured by a Process-Oriented Method in Childhood: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kasanen Maria , Laukkanen Arto , Niemistö Donna , Tolvanen Asko , Ortega Francisco , Sääkslahti Arja 
Published: June 2024

The worldwide increase in childhood overweight and obesity underscores the need to study variables like fundamental movement skill (FMS) levels from early childhood. This study investigated the bidirectional longitudinal relationship between body mass index (BMI) and process-oriented FMSs, including locomotor skills and object control skills in 675 Finnish children, aged 3–8 years at baseline (50.5% female, mean age 5.5 years) over 3 years. Standardized BMI-for-age SD scores (BMI SDS z-scores) followed Finnish national standards. The FMS assessment comprised four subtests from the Test of Gross Motor Development, third edition. Age-adjusted standardized residuals of FMS or skill domains and BMI SDS z-scores were used in a two-level, cross-classified, cross-lagged regression analysis, accounting for gender, and baseline value of the dependent variables. The results showed no statistically significant longitudinal relationship between BMI and FMS or its skill domains for either gender in either direction. This suggests that BMI and process-oriented FMS, encompassing locomotor skill and object control skill, develop independently, possibly influenced by unexplored variables. These findings contradict earlier results based on product-oriented measurements, which may include a physical capacity component. The outcomes further underscore the importance of monitoring weight status from early childhood, given its significant association with later-life weight conditions.
Prevalence of substance and hazardous alcohol use and their association with risky sexual behaviour among youth: findings from a population-based survey in Zimbabwe
Authors: Hlahla Kudzai , Azizi Steven Chifundo , Simms Victoria , Dziva Chikwari Chido , Dauya Ethel , Bandason Tsitsi , Tembo Mandikudza , Mavodza Constancia , Kranzer Katharina , Ferrand Rashida 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesHazardous drinking (HD) and substance use (SU) can lead to disinhibited behaviour and are both growing public health problems among Southern African youths. We investigated the prevalence of SU and HD and their association with risky sexual behaviour among youth in Zimbabwe.DesignData analysis from a population-based survey conducted between October 2021 and June 2022 to ascertain the outcomes of a cluster randomised trial (CHIEDZA: Trial registration number:NCT03719521). Trial Stage: Post-results.Setting24 communities in three provinces in Zimbabwe.ParticipantsYouth aged 18–24 years living in randomly selected households.Outcome measuresHD was defined as an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score ≥8, SU was defined as ever use of ≥1 commonly used substances in the local setting.ResultsOf 17 585 participants eligible for this analysis, 61% were women and the median age was 20 (IQR: 19–22) years. Overall, 4.5% and 7.0% of participants reported HD and SU, respectively. Men had a substantially higher prevalence than women of HD (8.2% vs 1.9%) and SU (15.1% vs 1.5%). Among men, after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, we found increased odds of having >1 sexual partner in those who engaged in SU (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.67, 95% CI: 2.21 to 3.22), HD (aOR=3.40, 95% CI: 2.71 to 4.26) and concurrent HD and SU (aOR=4.57,95% CI: 3.59 to 5.81) compared with those who did not engage in HD or SU. Similarly, there were increased odds of receiving/providing transactional sex among men who engaged in SU (aOR=2.51, 95% CI: 1.68 to 3.74), HD (aOR=3.60, 95% CI: 2.24 to 5.79), and concurrent HD and SU (aOR=7.74, 95% CI: 5.44 to 11.0). SU was associated with 22% increased odds of inconsistent condom use in men (aOR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.47). In women, the odds of having >1 sexual partner and having transactional sex were also increased among those who engaged in SU and HD.ConclusionSU and HD are associated with sexual behaviours that increase the risk of HIV acquisition in youth. Sexual and reproductive health interventions must consider HD and SU as potential drivers of risky sexual behaviour in youths.
Prevalence of mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases 11: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Nafarieh Kiana , Krüger Sophia , Deutscher Karl , Schreiter Stefanie , Jung Andreas , Fazel Seena , Heinz Andreas , Gutwinski Stefan 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionDue to a change in diagnostic prerequisites and the inclusion of novel diagnostic entities, the implementation of the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) will presumably change prevalence rates of specific mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders and result in an altered prevalence rate for this grouping overall. This scoping review aims to summarise the characteristics of primary studies examining the prevalence of mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders based on ICD-11 criteria. The knowledge attained through this review will primarily characterise the methodological approaches of this research field and additionally assist in deciding which psychiatric diagnoses are—given the current literature—most relevant for subsequent systematic reviews and meta-analyses intended to approximate the magnitude of prevalence rates while providing a first glimpse of the range of expected (differences in) prevalence rates in these conditions.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and PsycINFO will be searched from 2011 to present without any language filters. This scoping review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review guidelines.We will consider (a) cross-sectional and longitudinal studies (b) focusing on the prevalence rates of mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders (c) using ICD-11 criteria for inclusion. The omission of (a) case numbers and sample size, (b) study period and period of data collection or (c) diagnostic procedures on full-text level is considered an exclusion criterion.This screening will be conducted by two reviewers independently from one another and a third reviewer will be consulted with disagreements. Data extraction and synthesis will focus on outlining methodological aspects.Ethics and disseminationWe intend to publish our review in a scientific journal. As the primary data are publicly available, we do not require research ethics approval.
Outcomes of adult patients discharged at scene by emergency medical services
Authors: Villani Melanie , Nehme Emily , Cox Shelley , Anderson David , Reinders Nicola , Nehme Ziad 
Published: June 2024

Background
The outcomes of patients who call an ambulance but are discharged at scene reflect the safety and quality of emergency medical service (EMS) care. While previous studies have examined the outcomes of patients discharged at scene, none have specifically focused on paramedic-initiated discharge. This study aims to describe the outcomes of adult patients discharged at scene by paramedics and identify factors associated with 72-hour outcomes.

Methods
This was a retrospective data linkage study on consecutive adult EMS patients discharged at scene by paramedics in Victoria, Australia, between 1 January 2015 and 30 June 2019. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with EMS recontact, ED presentation, hospital admission and serious adverse events (death, cardiac arrest, category 1 triage or intensive care unit admission) within 72 hours of the initial emergency call.

Results
There were 375 758 cases of adults discharged at scene following EMS attendance, of which 222 571 (59.2%) were paramedic-initiated decisions. Of these, 6.8% recontacted EMS, 5.0% presented to ED, 2.4% were admitted to hospital and 0.3% had a serious adverse event in the following 72 hours. The odds of EMS recontact were increased in cases related to mental health (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.41 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.49)), among low-income government concession holders (AOR 1.61 (95% CI 1.55 to 1.67)) and in areas of low socioeconomic advantage (AOR 1.19 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.25)). The odds of hospital admission were increased in cases related to infection (AOR 3.14 (95% CI 2.80 to 3.52)) and pain (AOR 1.93 (95% CI 1.75 to 2.14)). The strongest driver of serious adverse events was an abnormal vital sign (AOR 4.81 (95% CI 3.87 to 5.98)).

Conclusion
The occurrence of hospital admission and adverse events is rare in those discharged at scene, suggesting generally safe decision-making. However, increased attention to elderly, multimorbid patients or patients with infection and pain is recommended, as is further research examining the use of tools to aid paramedic recognition of potential for deterioration.
Dynamic changes in place-based measures of structural racism and preterm birth in the USA
Authors: Das Abhery , Casey Joan A , Gemmill Alison , Catalano Ralph , Lee Hedwig , Stolte Allison , Bustos Brenda , Bruckner Tim A 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundStructurally racist systems, ideologies and processes generate and reinforce inequities among minoritised racial/ethnic groups. Prior cross-sectional literature finds that place-based structural racism, such as the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE), correlates with higher infant morbidity and mortality. We move beyond cross-sectional approaches and examine whether a decline in place-based structural racism over time coincides with a reduced risk of preterm birth across the USA.MethodsWe used as the outcome count of preterm births overall and among non-Hispanic (NH) black and NH white populations across three epochs (1998–2002, 2006–2010, 2014–2018) in 1160 US counties. For our measure of structural racism, we used ICE race/income county measures from the US Census Bureau. County-level fixed effects Poisson models include a population offset (number of live births) and adjust for epoch indicators, per cent poverty and mean maternal age within counties.ResultsAn SD increase in ICE (0.11) over time corresponds with a 0.6% reduced risk of preterm birth overall (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.994, 95% CI 0.990, 0.998), a 0.6% decrease in preterm risk among NH black births (IRR: 0.994, 95% CI 0.989, 0.999) and a 0.4% decrease among NH white births (IRR: 0.996, 95% CI 0.992, 0.999).ConclusionsMovement away from county-level concentrated NH black poverty preceded reductions in preterm risk, especially among NH black populations. Our longitudinal design strengthens inference that place-based reductions in structural racism may improve perinatal health. These improvements, however, do not appear sufficient to redress large disparities.
Measuring lung diffusing capacity: an opportunity for improved medical surveillance and disability evaluation of coal miners
Authors: Go Leonard H T , Almberg Kirsten S , Friedman Lee S , Zell-Baran Lauren , Rose Cecile S , Cohen Robert A 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesSpirometry is the primary lung function test utilised for medical surveillance and disability examination for coal mine dust lung disease. However, spirometry likely underestimates physiologic impairment. We sought to characterise abnormalities of single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) among a population of former coal miners.MethodsData from 3115 former coal miners evaluated at a West Virginia black lung clinic between 2006 and 2015 were retrospectively analysed to study the association between diffusion impairment (abnormally low DLCO), resting spirometry and the presence and severity of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis on chest radiography. We developed ordinary least squares linear regression models to evaluate factors associated with per cent predicted DLCO(DLCOpp).ResultsDiffusion impairment was identified in 20.2% of subjects. Ten per cent of all miners with normal spirometry had diffusion impairment including 7.4% of never smokers. The prevalence of diffusion impairment increased with worsening radiographic category of pneumoconiosis. Mean DLCOpp decreased with increasing small opacity profusion subcategory in miners without progressive massive fibrosis. Linear regression analysis also showed significant decreases in DLCOpp with increasing small opacity profusion and presence of large opacities.ConclusionsDiffusion impairment is common among former coal miners, including among never smokers, miners without radiographic pneumoconiosis and miners with normal spirometry. These findings demonstrate the value of including DLCOtesting in disability examinations of former coal miners and an important role for its use in medical surveillance of working miners to detect early chronic lung disease.
Massive propagating modes of torsion
Authors: Denk Vladimir , Vasak David , Kirsch Johannes 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe dynamics of the torsion field is analyzed in the framework of the Covariant Canonical Gauge Theory of Gravity (CCGG), a De Donder–Weyl Hamiltonian formulation of gauge gravity. The action is quadratic in both, the torsion and the Riemann–Cartan tensor. Since the latter adds the derivative of torsion to the equations of motion, torsion is no longer identical to spin density, as in the Einstein–Cartan theory, but an additional propagating degree of freedom. As torsion turns out to be totally anti-symmetric, it can be parametrised via a single axial vector. It is shown in this paper that, in the weak torsion limit, the axial vector obeys a wave equation with an effective mass term which is partially dependent on the scalar curvature. The source of torsion is thereby given by the fermion axial current which is the net fermionic spin density of the system. Possible measurable effects and approaches to experimental analysis are addressed. For example, neutron star mergers could act as a dipoles or quadrupoles for torsional radiation, and an analysis of radiation of pulsars could lead to a detection of torsion wave background radiation.
When climate variables improve the dengue forecasting: a machine learning approach
Authors: da Silva Sidney T. , Gabrick Enrique C. , Protachevicz Paulo R. , Iarosz Kelly C. , Caldas Iberê L. , Batista Antonio M. , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDengue is a viral vector-borne infectious disease that affects many countries worldwide, infecting around 390 million people per year. The main outbreaks occur in subtropical and tropical countries. We, therefore, study here the influence of climate on dengue. In particular, we consider dengue and meteorological data from Natal (2016–2019), Brazil, Iquitos (2001–2012), Peru, and Barranquilla (2011–2016), Colombia. For the analysis and simulations, we apply machine learning (ML) techniques, especially the random forest (RF) algorithm. We utilize dengue disease cases and climate data delayed by up to one week to forecast the cases of dengue. In addition, regarding as feature in the ML technique, we analyze three possibilities: only dengue cases (D); climate and dengue cases (CD); humidity and dengue cases (HD). Depending on the city, our results show that the climate data can improve or not the forecast. For instance, for Natal, the case D induces a better forecast. For Iquitos, it is better to use all the climate variables. Nonetheless, for Barranquilla, the forecast is better, when we include cases and humidity data. Another important result is that each city has an optimal region based on the training length. For Natal, when we use more than 64% and less than 80% of the time series for training, we obtain results with correlation coefficients (r) among 0.917 and 0.949 and mean absolute errors (MAE) among 57.783 and 71.768 for the D case in forecasting. The optimal range for Iquitos is obtained when 79% up to 88% of the time series is considered for training. For this case, the best case is CD, having a minimum r equal to 0.850 and maximum 0.887, while values of MAE oscillate among 2.780 and 4.156. For Barranquilla, the optimal range occurs between 72% until 82% of length training. In this case, the better approach is HD, where the measures exhibit a minimum r equal to 0.942 and maximum 0.953, while the minimum and maximum MAE vary among 6.085 and 6.669. We show that the forecast of dengue cases is a challenging problem and climate variables do not always help. However, when we include the mentioned climate variables, the most important one is the humidity.
Is the Page-time paradox paradoxical?
Authors: Costa Bruno Arderucio 
Published: June 2024

I discuss how five reasonably sounding assumptions lead to a dilemma — the Page-time paradox — which appears to challenge a conventional statistical mechanical underpinning of black hole thermodynamics. By inspecting the conceptual subtleties behind each hypothesis, I list questions that require clarification before the puzzle can be deemed paradoxical. I devote particular attention to using thermodynamic arguments for a system that never reaches equilibrium. As a proof of concept, I show that the paradox is absent in a modified setting that admits an equilibrium thermodynamics formulation.
Integration of Clinical Trial Spatial Multiomics Analysis and Virtual Clinical Trials Enables Immunotherapy Response Prediction and Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Zhang Shuming , Deshpande Atul , Verma Babita K. , Wang Hanwen , Mi Haoyang , Yuan Long , Ho Won Jin , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Zhu Qingfeng , Anders Robert A. , Yarchoan Mark , Kagohara Luciane T. , Fertig Elana J. , Popel Aleksander S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Due to the lack of treatment options, there remains a need to advance new therapeutics in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The traditional approach moves from initial molecular discovery through animal models to human trials to advance novel systemic therapies that improve treatment outcomes for patients with cancer. Computational methods that simulate tumors mathematically to describe cellular and molecular interactions are emerging as promising tools to simulate the impact of therapy entirely in silico, potentially greatly accelerating delivery of new therapeutics to patients. To facilitate the design of dosing regimens and identification of potential biomarkers for immunotherapy, we developed a new computational model to track tumor progression at the organ scale while capturing the spatial heterogeneity of the tumor in HCC. This computational model of spatial quantitative systems pharmacology was designed to simulate the effects of combination immunotherapy. The model was initiated using literature-derived parameter values and fitted to the specifics of HCC. Model validation was done through comparison with spatial multiomics data from a neoadjuvant HCC clinical trial combining anti-PD1 immunotherapy and a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib. Validation using spatial proteomics data from imaging mass cytometry demonstrated that closer proximity between CD8 T cells and macrophages correlated with nonresponse. We also compared the model output with Visium spatial transcriptomics profiling of samples from posttreatment tumor resections in the clinical trial and from another independent study of anti-PD1 monotherapy. Spatial transcriptomics data confirmed simulation results, suggesting the importance of spatial patterns of tumor vasculature and TGFβ in tumor and immune cell interactions. Our findings demonstrate that incorporating mathematical modeling and computer simulations with high-throughput spatial multiomics data provides a novel approach for patient outcome prediction and biomarker discovery.
Significance: Incorporating mathematical modeling and computer simulations with high-throughput spatial multiomics data provides an effective approach for patient outcome prediction and biomarker discovery.
Chronic Hypertension During Pregnancy: Prevalence and Treatment in the United States, 2008–2021
Authors: Leonard Stephanie A. , Siadat Sara , Main Elliott K. , Huybrechts Krista F. , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Hlatky Mark A. , Atkinson Jheanelle , Sujan Ayesha , Bateman Brian T. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Treatment of chronic hypertension during pregnancy has been shown to reduce the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. In this study, we examined the prevalence and treatment of chronic hypertension during pregnancy and assessed changes in these outcomes following the release of the updated 2017 hypertension guidelines of the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association.

METHODS:

We analyzed the Merative
TM
Marketscan
®
Research Database of United States commercial insurance claims from 2007 to 2021. We assessed the prevalence of chronic hypertension during pregnancy and oral antihypertensive medication use over time. We then performed interrupted time series analyses to evaluate changes in these outcomes.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of chronic hypertension steadily increased from 1.8% to 3.7% among 1 900 196 pregnancies between 2008 and 2021. Antihypertensive medication use among pregnant individuals with chronic hypertension was relatively stable (57%–60%) over the study period. The proportion of pregnant individuals with chronic hypertension treated with methyldopa or hydrochlorothiazide decreased (from 29% to 2% and from 11% to 5%, respectively), while the proportion treated with labetalol or nifedipine increased (from 19% to 42% and from 9% to 17%, respectively). The prevalence or treatment of chronic hypertension during pregnancy did not change following the 2017 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association hypertension guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS:
The prevalence of chronic hypertension during pregnancy doubled between 2008 and 2021 in a nationwide cohort of individuals with commercial insurance. Labetalol replaced methyldopa as the most commonly used antihypertensive during pregnancy. However, only about 60% of individuals with chronic hypertension in pregnancy were treated with antihypertensive medications.