bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical considerations of subcoracoid neurovascular structures in anterior shoulder reconstruction
Authors: Tom James A. , Cerynik Douglas L. , Lee C. Marcus , Lewullis Gabriel E. , Kumar Neil S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAnterior shoulder surgery, using open or arthroscopic technique, places subcoracoid neurovasculature at risk. This study examines the relationships of the brachial plexus and axillary artery to four bony landmarks and provides clinical correlations for anterior shoulder surgery. The musculocutaneous nerve (MN), posterior cord (PC), lateral cord (LC), and axillary artery (AA) were identified in 27 shoulders. Minimum distances (mm) were measured between neurovasculature and the coracoid tip, anterior midglenoid, inferior surface of the midclavicle, and anteromedial aspect of the acromioclavicular joint. Average distances from the coracoid to the MN, PC, LC, and AA were 69.7 ± 31.6, 50.5 ± 9.2, 41.8 ± 9.4, and 60.0 ± 8.0 mm, respectively; from the glenoid equator to the MN, PC, LC, and AA were 61.5 ± 38.5, 37.0 ± 6.1, 35.2 ± 8.7, and 45.2 ± 7.1 mm, respectively; from the midclavicle to the MN, PC, LC, and AA were 114.1 ± 33.9, 62.0 ± 13.6, 56.0 ± 19.7, and 69.9 ± 7.8 mm, respectively; and from the AC joint to the MN, PC, LC, and AA were 112.7 ± 36.5, 87.9 ± 10.6, 84.0 ± 12.0, and 100.9 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. The lateral cord was the closest structure to each bony landmark. The musculocutaneous nerve was the furthest structure from each bony landmark. Open procedures using a deltopectoral approach with the shoulder in the anatomical position, such as the Neer capsular shift and Warner capsular reconstruction, can use these results to prevent direct or retraction injuries. Results indicate a potential safe zone of 30 mm in diameter around the anteromedial coracoid tip for anteroinferior portal placement. Clin. Anat. 23:815–820, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of an MRI gradient coil duct with a micro‐perforated panel acoustic absorber
Authors: Li Gemin , Mechefske Chris K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn analytical model was developed for an MRI gradient coil duct with a micro‐perforated panel (MPP) acoustic absorber placed inside the duct. The absorption coefficients of a series of MPP absorbers with varying design parameters including diameter of the holes, perforation rate and thickness of the air gap were calculated. Boundary Element Method (BEM) models were then developed for the coil duct with MPP absorbers and porous materials with varying design parameters and material properties. The acoustic power, sound pressure levels and sound field inside the duct were calculated using the BEM. The results show that the principal advantage of an MPP acoustic absorber is its effectiveness in absorbing relatively low frequency noise. By using the proper combination of parameters, a MPP acoustic absorber can be designed to be a wide bandabsorber or a narrow band absorber at any specific central frequency. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 37B: 103–115, 2010
Heterochiral vs. Homochiral Linkage of Emissive Iridium(III) Complexes with D‐Penicillaminate: Drastic Change in Emission Induced by Silver(I) Linkage
Authors: Saito Keisuke , Sarukawa Yuta , Tsuge Kiyoshi , Konno Takumi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractReactions of [{Ir(ppy or ppy‐CF3)2}2(μ‐Cl)2] {Hppy = 2‐phenylpyridine, Hppy‐CF3 = 2‐[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridine} with D‐penicillamine (D‐H2pen) afforded emissive IrIII mononuclear complexes [Ir(ppy or ppy‐CF3)2(D‐Hpen‐N,S)] as a 1:1 mixture of the ΔD/ΛD isomers. These complexes were converted into IrIIIAgIIrIII trinuclear structures in [Ag{Ir(D‐pen‐N,S)(ppy or ppy‐CF3)2}{Ir(D‐Hpen‐N,S)(ppy or ppy‐CF3)2}] by treatment with AgNO3, which led to a drastic blueshift of the emission bands. Whereas the (ppy)IrIIIAgIIrIII complex produced the heterochiral ΔDΛD isomer, the ppy‐CF3 complex gave the homochiral ΔDΔD and ΛDΛD isomers that could completely be separated by crystallization. It was found that the quantum efficiency of the emission band for the ΔDΔD isomer is much lower than that for the ΛDΛD isomer.
Self‐Terminating Radical Cyclizations: How Are Thiyl Radicals Performing?
Authors: Tan Kristine J. , White Jonathan M. , Wille Uta 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe performance of thiyl radicals RS· in “self‐terminating radical cyclisations” was explored. Using the medium‐sized cyclodecyne (1) as model system, the reaction of PhS· generated by photolysis of (PhS)2 was used to study the intermolecular S‐radical addition and subsequent intramolecular radical translocations. This reaction resulted in the formation of three stereoisomeric sulfides 17a in very good yield, which all possess the bicyclo[4.4.0]decane framework with either cis and trans ring fusion. The isomeric bicyclo[5.3.0]decane framework was not formed. Product identification was performed using a combination of techniques, e.g. synthesis of authentic samples, X‐ray analysis and computational studies of the potential energy surface, which also revealed valuable insight into the mechanism of this radical cyclisation cascade. The (PhS)2/PhS· system provides an efficient source for in situ generated thiols, which mediate reduction of the α‐thio radical, e.g., 13a → 17a. The radical cascade initiated by the addition of BnS·, tBuS· or AllylS·, respectively, to cycloalkyne 1 was typically terminated also by reduction, even in the absence of an apparent H‐donor, and resulted in formation of various bicyclic and monocyclic thioethers. The desired “self‐termination”, e.g., β‐fragmentation of the S–R bond in radical intermediate 12/13 and release of a stabilized radical R·, was only observed as minor reaction pathway in one particular instance where tBuS· was generated by autoxidation of tBuSH. Computional studies showed that the differentstereochemical outcome of the radical cyclizations involving S‐radicals, compared to O‐ or N‐centred radicals, could be attributed to the reversibility of the initial intermolecular S‐radical addition to the C≡C triple bond in cycloalkyne 1.
Analysis of Flow and Heat Transfer in a Parallelogram Non‐Uniformly Heated Enclosure Filled with Porous Medium
Authors: Soleimani Soheil , Sedaghati Zadeh N. , Asgharian A. , Ganji D.D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe flow and heat transfer in a parallelogram enclosure filled with a porous medium is analyzed numerically. The heated bottom wall has a sinusoidal temperature distribution and side walls cooled isothermally while the upper wall is well insulated. Dimensionless Darcy law and energy equations are solved using the finite difference method along with the corresponding boundary condition. Computations were carried out for four inclination angles of side walls (γ = 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°) with different Rayleigh numbers (100≤Ra≤1000) and their effects on the flow field and heat transfer are discussed. It is found that the inclination angle has a significant effect on flow pattern and heat transfer and an increase in the angle leads to a decrease in the strength of the right vortex. The study also revealed that as the Rayleigh number increases at γ = 45°, another (third) vortex develops along the left wall and its strength enhances with Rayleigh number. At the end, a correlation is extracted from the numerical data which represents the relation between the Nusselt number, inclination angle, and the Rayleigh number. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; 39(7): 497–506, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyOnlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20312
Ex‐CARS: exotic configuration for coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy utilizing two laser sources
Authors: Yakovlev Vladislav V. , Petrov Georgi I. , Noojin Gary D. , Harbert Corey , Denton Michael , Thomas Robert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe propose and experimentally demonstrate a new coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering setting, which relies on a coherent excitation of Raman vibration using a broadband ultrashort laser pulse and signal read‐out using a conventional continuous wave laser radiation. Such an exotic arrangement does not require any synchronization of two laser sources and can be used for direct comparison of amplitudes of nonlinear and spontaneous Raman signals. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tissue-specific regulatory regions of the PTH gene localized by novel chromosome 11 rearrangement breakpoints in a parathyroid adenoma
Authors: Mallya Sanjay M , Wu H Irene , Saria Elizabeth A , Corrado Kristin R , Arnold Andrew 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Parathyroid adenomas can contain clonal rearrangements of chromosome 11 that activate the cyclin D1 oncogene through juxtaposition with the PTH gene. Here we describe such a chromosomal rearrangement whose novel features provide clues to locating elusive cis-regulatory elements in the PTH gene and also expand the physical spectrum of pathogenetic breakpoints in the cyclin D1 gene region. Southern blot analyses of the parathyroid adenoma revealed rearrangement in the PTH gene locus. Analysis of rearranged DNA clones that contained the breakpoint, obtained by screening a tumor genomic library, pinpointed the breakpoint in the PTH locus 3.3 kb upstream of the first exon. Accordingly, highly conserved distal elements of the PTH 5' regulatory region were rearranged at the breakpoint approximately 450 kb upstream of the cyclin D1 oncogene, resulting in overexpression of cyclin D1 mRNA. Thus, PTH–cyclin D1 gene rearrangement breakpoints in parathyroid tumors can be located far from those previously recognized. In addition to expanding the molecular spectrum of pathogenetic chromosomal lesions in this disease, features of this specific rearrangement reinforce the existence of one or more novel cis-enhancer/regulatory elements for PTH gene expression and narrow their location to a 1.7-kb DNA segment in the distal PTH promoter. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Preparation and evaluation of antibacterial activity of some new 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives
Authors: Arafa W. A. A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstractmagnified imageCyclizations of 1,5‐diphenyl[1,2,4]triazole‐3‐carbohydrazide1and the thiosemicarbazide2(derived from1by addition to phenylisothiocyanate) under various conditions afforded novel biheterocyclic systems. The newly prepared compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity. The results showed that several of these compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Synthesis of carbonyl dyes from 1‐hydroxy‐2‐acetonaphthone and 2‐fluorobenzophenone
Authors: Coelho Paulo J. , Fernandes Isabel C. , Carvalho Luis M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image The reaction between 1‐hydroxy‐2‐acetonaphthone and 2‐fluorobenzophenone in basic medium afforded two diastereoisomeric carbonyl dyes whose structures were unambiguously established using spectroscopic methods. A mechanism for the formation of these dyes involving a base‐catalysed addition followed by dehydration and intramolecular aromatic nucleofilic substitution is proposed. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Determination of endocrine‐disrupting compounds in drinking waters by fast liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Magi Emanuele , Scapolla Carlo , Di Carro Marina , Liscio Camilla 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGrowing attention has been recently paid to safety of food and drinking water, making necessary the adoption of policies for water sources protection and the development of sensitive and rapid analytical methods to identify micropollutants. Endocrine‐disrupting compounds (EDCs) have emerged as a major issue as they alter the functioning of the endocrine system. Since ingestion of EDCs via food is considered the major exposure route, there is a growing interest in understanding EDC fate during drinking water treatment and in monitoring potential contamination of surface waters and groundwaters. In this work, a fast liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of 4‐n‐nonylphenol (NP), bisphenol A (BPA), estrone (E1), 17β‐estradiol (E2) and 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) in drinking waters. In the literature analytical articles seldom provide details regarding fragmentation pathways. In this paper spectra of the five EDCs in negative ESI were interpreted with the support of accurate mass spectra acquired by a quadrupole time‐of‐flight instrument; fragmentation pathways were also proposed. The chromatographic separation of EDCs was optimized on a Pinnacle DB Biphenylic column with a water–acetonitrile gradient. Quantitative analysis was performed in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using bisphenol A‐d16 (BPA‐d16) as internal standard; calibration curves showed good correlation coefficients (0.9989–0.9997). All figures of merit of the method were satisfactory; limits of detection were in the range 0.2–0.4 ng/ml. The method was applied to the determination of the analytes in waters sampled by polar organic chemical integrative samplers in a drinking water treatment plant. Rather low concentration of BPA, NP and E1 were measured in the inlet, while none of the considered EDCs was detected in the outlet. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elucidation of the mass fragmentation pathways of potato glycoalkaloids and aglycons using Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Cahill Michael G. , Caprioli Giovanni , Vittori Sauro , James Kevin J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe mass fragmentation of potato glycoalkaloids, α‐solanine and α‐chaconine, and the aglycons, demissidine and solasodine were studied using the Orbitrap Fourier transform (FT) mass spectrometer. Using the linear ion trap (LIT) mass spectrometry, multistage collisional‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments (MSn) on the [M + H]+ precursor ions were performed to aid the elucidation of the mass fragmentation pathways. In addition, higher energy collisional‐induced dissociation (HCD) mass spectra were generated for these toxins at a high resolution setting [100 000 FWHM (full width at half maximum)] using the Orbitrap. This hybrid mass spectrometry instrumentation was exploited to produce MS3 spectra by selecting MS2 product ions, generated using LIT MS, and fragmentation using HCD. The accurate mass data in the MS3 spectra aided the confirmation of proposed product ion formulae. The precursor and product ions from glycoalkaloids lost up to four sugars from different regions during MSn experiments. Mass fragmentation of the six‐ring aglycons were similar, generating major product ions that resulted from cleavages at the B‐rings and E‐rings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization ion source
Authors: Nagao Hirofumi , Shimma Shuichi , Hayakawa Shigeo , Awazu Kunio , Toyoda Michisato 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization ion source ‘ESI‐TOF/quadTOF’ was designed and constructed to achieve the desired aim of structural elucidation via high‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID), and the simultaneous detection of all fragment ions. The instrument consists of an orthogonal acceleration‐type ESI ion source, a linear TOF mass spectrometer, a collision cell, a quadratic‐field ion mirror and a microchannel plate detector. High‐energy CID spectra of doubly protonated angiotensin II and bradykinin were obtained. Several fragment ions such as a‐, d‐, v‐ and w‐type ions, characteristic of high‐energy CID, were clearly observed in these spectra. These high‐energy CID fragment ions enabled confirmation of the complete sequence, including leucine–isoleucine determinations. It was demonstrated that high‐energy CID of multiply protonated peptides could be achieved in the ESI‐TOF/quadTOF. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of a disease‐specific quality‐of‐life instrument for acoustic neuroma
Authors: Shaffer Brian T. , Cohen Michael S. , Bigelow Douglas C. , Ruckenstein Michael J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To design and validate the first disease‐specific quality‐of‐life instrument for acoustic neuroma, the Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality‐of‐Life (PANQOL) scale.Study Design:Prospective instrument validation.Methods:One hundred forty‐three patients with acoustic neuromas completed the 80‐question preliminary instrument and the general Short Form‐36 Health Survey (SF‐36). A chart review documented patient information. Statistical analysis was performed for item reduction and evaluation of validity criteria.Results:Analysis of item‐total and item‐item score correlations eliminated 38 items from the preliminary instrument. Exploratory principal component factor analysis eliminated 16 additional items and identified a natural grouping of remaining items into seven domains, forming the final 26‐item PANQOL scale. Test‐retest reliability and internal consistency measures for the instrument were high. PANQOL domain scores correlated significantly with related SF‐36 domain scores and correlated significantly with related visual analogue scale questions given with the preliminary instrument. PANQOL face domain scores showed significant differences across the House‐Brackmann grading system scores and correlated inversely with tumor size. No domain in either the PANQOL or SF‐36 had a strong correlation with pure‐tone average or speech discrimination scores. The PANQOL scale discriminated acoustic neuroma cases from controls better than the SF‐36.Conclusions:We have developed the first validated disease‐specific quality of life instrument for patients with acoustic neuromas. Given the lack of a validated equivalent, this tool has the potential to become a critical outcome measure for studies evaluating treatment of patients with acoustic neuromas. Laryngoscope, 2010
Neurotrophin expression of laryngeal muscles in response to recurrent laryngeal nerve transection
Authors: Vega‐Cordova Xavier , Cosenza Nicole M. , Helfert Robert H. , Woodson Gayle E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) commonly regenerates after injury; however, functional motion is rarely recovered. Animal experiments have documented aberrant reinnervation after nerve transection, with motor axons reaching inappropriate muscles. More recently, experimental results suggest that lack of vocal fold motion after RLN injury is due to preferential reinnervation of adductor muscles, with inadequate reinnervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA), the only abductor muscle of the larynx. Information on factors that could influence the receptiveness of these muscles to reinnervation could be useful in developing new therapeutic strategies. It is hypothesized that the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) and the PCA differ in expression of neurotrophins in response to denervation.Study Design:Laboratory experiment.Methods:Rats were sacrificed at 3 days, 6 weeks, or 4 months after unilateral RLN injury measure expression of brain‐derived nerve growth factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neurotrophin 4 (NT‐4) in the TA and PCA muscles, using immunohistochemistry. We also assessed nerve regeneration.Results:NGF was significantly diminished in the denervated TA muscle at 3 days after injury and increased at 6 weeks. BDNF expression was unchanged in the TA, but was diminished in both PCA muscles at 3 days and 6 weeks, returning to near‐normal levels at 4 months after injury. Robust nerve regeneration of distal RLN was present at 4 months.Conclusions:Results suggest that the TA and PCA muscles respond differently to denervation. Laryngoscope, 2010
Synthesis of a New Hyperbranched Polyaminoester and Its Use as a Reactive Modifier in Anionic Curing of DGEBA Thermosets
Authors: Morell Mireia , Fernández‐Francos Xavier , Ramis Xavier , Serra Angels 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a new hyperbranched PAE with a flexible structure and terminal hydroxyl groups is reported. The influence of PAE in the anionic curing of DGEBA with 1‐methylimidazole was studied. The curing reaction was investigated by DSC and FT‐IR. The covalent incorporation of the modifier in the matrix was proven. The addition of PAE to the formulation reduced the contraction on curing. The modified materials were more thermally degradable than neat DGEBA thermosets, which is advantageous from the point of view of their reworkability. Their Tgs were reduced by the flexibility introduced by the aliphatic structure of PAE. SEM microscopy on the fractured surface of cured samples revealed a homogeneous morphology and a possible effect of PAE as a toughness enhancer.magnified image
The First Example of Main‐Chain Cyclic Azobenzene Polymers
Authors: Xu Xu , Zhou Nianchen , Zhu Jian , Tu Yingfeng , Zhang Zhengbiao , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA novel main‐chain azobenzene cyclic polymer, cyclic‐PEHPA, has been successfully synthesized by ‘click’ cyclization of the α‐alkyne‐ω‐azido hetero‐difunctional linear precursors (linear‐PEHPA), which is synthesized by a step‐growth polymerization of the 3′‐ethynylphenyl[4‐hexyl‐(2‐azido‐2‐methyl‐ propionate) phenyl] azobenzene (EHPA). Gel permeation chromatography, and 1H NMR and FT‐IR spectra confirmed the complete transformation of linear‐PEHPA into cyclic‐PEHPA. With the same molecular weights, the cyclic‐PEHPAs are found to have higher glass transition temperatures than the linear‐PEHPAs, but almost the same decomposition temperatures. In addition, the obtained cyclic azobenzene polymer with lower molar mass shows a slightly better trans–cis–trans photoisomerization ability than the corresponding linear‐PEHPA.magnified image
Accurate gap levels and their role in the reliability of other calculated defect properties
Authors: Deák Peter , Gali Adam , Aradi Bálint , Frauenheim Thomas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe functionality of semiconductors and insulators depends mainly on defects which modify the electronic, optical, and magnetic spectra through their gap levels. Accurate calculation of the latter is not only important for the experimental identification of the defect, but influences also the accuracy of other calculated defect properties, and is the most difficult challenge for defect theory. The electron self‐interaction error in the standard implementations of ab initio density functional theory causes a severe underestimation of the band gap, leading to a corresponding uncertainty in the defect level positions in it. This is a widely known problem which is usually dealt with by a posteriori corrections. A wide range of corrections schemes are used, ranging from ad hoc scaling or shifting, through procedures of limited validity (like the scissor operator or various alignment schemes), to more rigorous quasiparticle corrections based on many‐body perturbation theory. We will demonstrate in this paper that consequences of the gap error must to be taken into account in the total energy, and simply correcting the band energy with the gap level shifts is of limited applicability. Therefore, the self‐consistent determination of the total energy, free of the gap‐error, is preferred. We will show that semi‐empirical screened hybrid functionals can successfully be used for this purpose.