bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Content Area Reading Strategy Knowledge Transfer From Preservice to First‐Year Teaching
Authors: Alger Christianna 
Published: September 2009

Using interviews and 10 weeks of consecutive lesson plans with supporting documentation, the author analyzes four first‐year teachers' assigned in‐class and out‐of‐class reading assignments and their choices and uses of reading strategies they learned in their preservice program.تلخيص البحث: يحلل المؤلف الواجبات المنزلية القرائية داخل الصف وخارجه لدى أربعة معلمين في سنتهم الأولى من العمل واختياراتهم في الاستراتيجيات القرائية وتنفيذاتها التي قد تعلموها في برنامجهم الذي قام قبل الخدمة باستخدام مقابلات والخطط الدراسية التي نفذوها عبر عشرة أسابيع متتالية مع مستندات تدعيمية.本文作者使用访谈和10個星期的连续课堂教案及其有关的支援文档等研究资料，分析四名正在修读第一年职前训练课程的教师所要做的课堂内与课堂外阅读作业，以及他们如何選擇及如何运用所学到的阅读策略。En utilisant des entretiens et des plans de leçons consécutives avec support documentaire pour 10 semaines, l'auteur analyse quatre enseignants nommés en première année quant aux lectures qu'ils prescrivent en classe et hors de la classe, ainsi que les choix et l'usage qu'ils font des stratégies de lecture qu'ils ont apprises dans leur programme de formation initiale.На основе интервью с четырьмя молодыми учительницами, а также их поурочных планов за 10 недель и сопутствующих раздаточных материалов, автор анализирует задания по чтению, которые они дают своим ученикам в классе и на дом, а также то, как они используют методы обучения чтению, с которыми познакомились в университете.Haciendo entrevistas y examinando 10 semanas consecutivas de planes de lecciones con su documentación de apoyo, la autora analiza las tareas de lecturas asignadas por cuatro maestras de primer grado–tanto dentro como fuera del salón de clase–y las estrategias de lectura que prefieren y usan de las que aprendieron durante su tiempo de preservicio.
Influence of the Tooth‐ and Implant‐Side Marginal Bone Level on the Interproximal Papilla Dimension in a Single Implant With a Microthread, Conical Seal, and Platform‐Switched Design
Authors: Kwon Hee‐Jun , Lee Dong‐Won , Park Kwang‐Ho , Kim Chong‐Kwan , Moon Ik‐Sang 
Published: September 2009

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether bone level on the tooth side was the single dominant factor on the dimension of an interproximal papilla around single‐tooth restorations made on a microthread, conical seal, and platform‐switched design implant.Methods: Periapical radiographs were taken of 17 patients, each of whom was treated with a single implant. The bone levels on the tooth (Dt) and implant (Di) sides were recorded. The dimension of the papilla (Ph) was measured as the shortest distance from the top of the papilla to the crestal bone. The marginal bone levels of the implants were also measured. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to correlate the variables, and a regression analysis was used to determine whether Di or Dt had a significant (P <0.05) influence on Ph.Results: A positive correlation existed between Ph and Di (r = 0.413; P = 0.023) and between Ph and Dt (r = 0.830; P <0.0001). However, only Dt had a significant influence on Ph.Conclusion: Dt is the dominant factor that influences the interproximal soft tissue dimension between a natural tooth and a single implant with a microthread, conical seal, and platform‐switched design.
Influence of Enamel Matrix Derivative on Primary CD4+ T‐Helper Lymphocyte Migration, CD25 Activation, and Apoptosis
Authors: Gassmann Georg , Schwenk Bettina , Entschladen Frank , Grimm Wolf‐Dieter 
Published: September 2009

Background: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has a low immunogenic potential. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies on the influence of EMD on lymphocyte migration as a sensitive cellular reaction parameter. This study investigated the influence of EMD on primary T‐lymphocyte migration, CD25 activation, and activation‐induced cell death.Methods: After immunomagnetic‐positive CD4+ lymphocyte separation from peripheral blood taken from three healthy volunteers per trial, the influence of EMD on cell locomotion was assessed in a three‐dimensional collagen matrix migration model (CMMM). Direct CD4+ cell contact with EMD at concentrations of 25 and 100 μg/ml was mediated in a one‐phase CMMM. We investigated the indirect influence of EMD in a two‐phase CMMM: one collagen phase contained 25 and 100 μg EMD/ml, using the same concentrations, and a second adjacent phase contained T lymphocytes. After time‐lapse videomicroscopy, the mean locomoting percentage of 30 randomly selected cells was analyzed. Using flow cytometry, CD25 receptor activation was assessed, and annexin V was used for apoptosis detection in lymphocytes challenged with 0, 1, 25, 50, and 100 μg EMD/ml.Results: The one‐phase CMMM revealed a reduction and the two‐phase CMMM showed a dose‐dependent increase in the mean locomoting cell percentage (P <0.001). Increasing EMD concentrations resulted in dose‐dependent enhanced T‐cell CD25 receptor expression and in increasing apoptosis (P <0.001).Conclusions: Our study showed immediate effects of EMD on primary CD4+ lymphocyte migration, CD25 activation, and apoptosis. CD4+ lymphocyte apoptosis may be a further possible background for uneventful early wound healing as seen clinically as the result of EMD application.
Venodilatory Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Rat Gingiva
Authors: Gyurkovics Milán , Lohinai Zsolt , Győrfi Adrienne , Iványi Iván , Süveges Ibolya , Kónya Mária , Bodor Csaba , Székely Andrea D. , Dinya Elek , Fazekas Árpád , Rosivall László 
Published: September 2009

Background: Endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and increased vascular permeability are among the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in various organs. However, the effects of VEGF on gingival hemodynamics, especially on venules, have not been thoroughly investigated. This study investigated the acute circulatory effects of VEGF on rat gingival venules.Methods: Fifty‐six anesthetized rats were divided into five study groups; each rat received 10 μl of experimental solution dripped onto the lower interincisal gingiva. The groups included: 1) saline control (after the experiment, gingiva was excised for VEGF receptor 2 [VEGFR2] immunohistochemistry); 2) VEGF (0.1, 1, 10, or 50 μg/ml); 3) VEGF2 receptor antagonist 5‐((7‐benzyloxyquinazolin‐4‐yl)amino)‐4‐fluoro‐2‐methyl‐phenol‐hydrochloride (ZM323881; 20 μg/ml); 4) ZM323881 (20 μg/ml) followed by VEGF application (50 μg/ml after 15 minutes); and 5) VEGF (10 μg/ml), these rats were premedicated with nitric oxide (NO) synthase blocker (NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine‐methyl‐ester [L‐NAME]; 1 mg/ml in drinking water) for 1 week before the experiment. Changes in gingival superficial venule diameter were measured by vital microscopy prior to and 1, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after the administration of the experimental solutions.Results: VEGF dose‐dependently increased the venular diameter compared to saline. ZM323881 alone did not cause any alteration. Premedication with ZM323881 or L‐NAME decreased the dilatory effects of VEGF. VEGFR2 immunohistochemical labeling was observed in the wall of the venules.Conclusions: There is no remarkable VEGF production under physiologic circumstances in rat gingiva, but VEGF is able to increase gingival blood flow through the activation of VEGF2 receptors. Furthermore, NO release may contribute to VEGF's vasodilatory effect.
Evidence for Calcifying Nanoparticles in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Dental Calculus in Periodontitis
Authors: Zhang Song‐Mei , Tian Fei , Jiang Xin‐Quan , Li Jing , Xu Chun , Guo Xiao‐Kui , Zhang Fu‐Qiang 
Published: September 2009

Background: Calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs), also known as nanobacteria, can produce carbonate apatite on their cell walls and initiate pathologic calcification. The objective of this study was to determine whether CNPs are present in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from subjects with periodontal disease and whether they can induce the pathologic calcification of primary cultured human gingival epithelial cells.Methods: GCF and dental calculus samples were collected from 10 subjects with gingivitis and 10 subjects with chronic periodontitis. CNPs in GCF and calculus filtrates were detected with nanocapture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. The CNPs in cultures of dental calculus filtrates were also identified using immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and chemical analysis. Pathologic changes in the CNP‐treated gingival epithelial cells were observed with TEM, alizarin red staining, and disk‐scanning confocal microscopy.Results: CNPs were found in GCF samples from two subjects with chronic periodontitis. Based on chemical analysis, the surface‐associated material from CNPs isolated and cultured from calculus has a composition similar to dental calculus. The pathologic calcification of CNP‐treated gingival epithelial cells was also observed.Conclusions: Self‐replicating calcifying nanoparticles can be cultured and identified from dental calculus. This raises the issue of whether CNPs contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
Association Among Menopause, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Periodontal Attachment Loss in Southern Brazilian Women
Authors: Haas Alex N. , Rösing Cassiano K. , Oppermann Rui V. , Albandar Jasim M. , Susin Cristiano 
Published: September 2009

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association among menopause, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and periodontal attachment loss (PAL).Methods: Three hundred twenty‐eight women (40 to 69 years old) who participated in a previous oral survey in South Brazil were included. Women who reported not having their monthly menstrual cycles for ≥12 months were classified as postmenopausal. Postmenopausal women were categorized according to HRT. Women with ≥30% teeth with PAL ≥5 mm were classified as having periodontitis. The data were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model and adjusted for age, smoking, socioeconomic status, and dental care.Results: The prevalence of periodontitis was significantly greater among postmenopausal women not using HRT (HRT−) than among premenopausal women (64.4% versus 46.3%; P = 0.005). Similarly, the multivariable analysis demonstrated a significantly higher chance of having periodontitis in postmenopausal HRT− women than in premenopausal women (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1 to 4.0). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of periodontitis between postmenopausal women using HRT (HRT+) and premenopausal women (48.8% versus 46.3%; P = 0.77). After adjusting for cofactors, postmenopausal HRT+ women did not have a greater likelihood of having periodontitis than premenopausal women (OR, 1.2; 95% CI: 0.6 to 2.5). No significant differences in tooth loss were observed among the study groups after adjusting for confounders.Conclusions: Postmenopausal HRT− women had a greater chance of having periodontitis than premenopausal women. In contrast, postmenopausal HRT+ women and premenopausal women had similar periodontal status. HRT may have a beneficial effect on periodontal health.
Formylpeptide Receptor Single Nucleotide Polymorphism 348T>C and Its Relationship to Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Chemotaxis in Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Maney Pooja , Walters John D. 
Published: September 2009

Background: Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is associated with impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis toward bacterial N‐formylpeptides. Formylpeptide receptors (FPRs) play a major role in guiding PMNs to infection sites. Previous work revealed a significant association between FPR1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 348T>C and AgP in African Americans. We tested the hypothesis that 348T impairs PMN chemotaxis by decreasing FPR mRNA expression, thereby increasing susceptibility to AgP.Methods: Blood samples were obtained from African American subjects (37 AgP cases and 38 controls). Chemotaxis to N‐formyl‐methionine‐leucine‐phenylalanine by freshly isolated PMNs was assayed in a modified Boyden chamber. RNA was isolated from PMNs, and FPR1 gene expression was quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To detect FPR1 5′ SNPs, genomic DNA was isolated, and four fragments spanning the FPR1 5′ region were PCR‐amplified and sequenced. Haplotype associations between SNP 348T>C and 5′ SNPs were analyzed.Results: The homozygous 348T genotype was only found in AgP cases (P = 0.017; odds ratio, 18.9). Subjects with this genotype exhibited a significantly lower PMN chemotactic response relative to controls and to subjects with the 348C/C or 348T/C genotype (P <0.05). There were no significant differences in PMN FPR1 expression among subjects with the 348C/C, 348T/C, and 348T/T genotypes. Eleven FPR1 5′ SNPs were detected, but none of the predicted haplotypes reflected associations with AgP or with 348T.Conclusions: Although the 348T/T genotype is relatively rare, it is associated with significantly impaired PMN chemotaxis and an increased risk for developing AgP in African Americans. These associations do not seem to be related to significant reductions in FPR1 transcripts in subjects expressing 348T.
Degradation of Vascular Endothelial Thrombomodulin by Arginine‐ and Lysine‐Specific Cysteine Proteases From Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Inomata Megumi , Ishihara Yuichi , Matsuyama Takashi , Imamura Takahisa , Maruyama Ikuro , Noguchi Toshihide , Matsushita Kenji 
Published: September 2009

Background: The endothelial cell surface glycoprotein thrombomodulin (TM) inhibits vascular coagulation and inflammation via regulation of thrombin‐mediated activation of protein C. Porphyromonas gingivalis is the major periodontopathic bacterium and has been found in vessel walls and atherosclerotic lesions in humans. P. gingivalis‐derived cysteine proteases (gingipains) are known to enhance inflammatory and coagulant responses of vascular endothelial cells. However, it has not been elucidated whether gingipains affect vascular endothelial TM.Methods: Purified arginine‐specific gingipains (Rgps) and lysine‐specific gingipain (Kgp) from P. gingivalis were used to investigate the effects of gingipains on recombinant human TM by immunoblot analyses. Flow cytometry and activated protein C assay were carried out to examine the effects of gingipains on vascular endothelial cell surface TM. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate TM expression in microvascular endothelia in gingival tissues taken from patients with periodontitis.Results: Rgps and Kgp cleaved TM in vitro. Endothelial cell surface TM was also degraded by Rgps. Thrombin‐mediated activation of protein C was reduced by Rgps through TM inactivation. Gingival microvascular endothelial TM was reduced in patients with periodontitis.Conclusions: P. gingivalis gingipains induced the degradation and inactivation of endothelial TM, which may promote vascular coagulation and inflammation. In addition, in vivo relevance was demonstrated by reduced expression of TM in gingival microvascular endothelia in patients with periodontitis, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
The Positive Relationship Between Excess Cement and Peri‐Implant Disease: A Prospective Clinical Endoscopic Study
Authors: Wilson Jr. Thomas G. 
Published: September 2009

Background: Cement‐retained restorations are commonly used on dental implants. Residual excess cement after placement of fixed partial dentures has been associated with clinical and radiographic signs of peri‐implant disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between excess dental cement and peri‐implant disease using the dental endoscope.Methods: Thirty‐nine consecutive patients with implants exhibiting clinical and/or radiographic signs of peri‐implant disease were studied. Patients were enrolled in the study during a 5‐year period in a private periodontal practice. Twelve of these patients had similar implants without signs of inflammation; these implants served as controls. There were 20 controls and 42 test implants. All were evaluated using a dental endoscope initially, and all but one implant was evaluated at a 30‐day follow‐up. Results from both groups were assessed by two trained operators and recorded.Results: None of the controls and all 42 of the test implants had clinical signs of peri‐implant disease at initial treatment. Excess cement was found in none of the controls and 34 of the test sites. Thirty days after cement removal, 25 of 33 test sites from which the cement was removed had no clinical or endoscopic signs of inflammation.Conclusions: Excess dental cement was associated with signs of peri‐implant disease in the majority (81%) of the cases. Clinical and endoscopic signs of peri‐implant disease were absent in 74% of the test implants after the removal of excess cement.
Local Delivery of Hyaluronan as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Johannsen Annsofi , Tellefsen Monica , Wikesjö Ulf , Johannsen Gunnar 
Published: September 2009

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adjunctive effect of the local application of a hyaluronan gel to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.Methods: Twelve patients with chronic periodontitis were recruited to participate in a study with a split‐mouth design and provided informed consent. Plaque formation and bleeding on probing were evaluated pretreatment (baseline) and at 1, 4, and 12 weeks post‐treatment. Probing depths and attachment levels were evaluated at baseline and at 12 weeks. The patients received full‐mouth scaling and root planing. A hyaluronan gel was administered subgingivally in the test sites at baseline and after 1 week. Significant differences between test and control were evaluated using the paired t test, repeated‐measures analysis of variance (Wilks lambda), and a non‐parametric Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.Results: A significant reduction in bleeding on probing scores and probing depths was observed in both groups at 12 weeks (P <0.05). Significantly lower bleeding on probing scores were observed in the hyaluronan group compared to control at 12 weeks (P <0.05). Mean probing depth reductions between baseline and 12 weeks were 1.0 ± 0.3 mm and 0.8 ± 0.2 mm for the hyaluronan and control groups, respectively. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion: The local application of hyaluronan gel in conjunction with scaling and root planing may have a beneficial effect on periodontal health in patients with chronic periodontitis.
An Atypical Form of Necrotizing Periodontitis
Authors: Guvenc Dilek , Gokbuget Aslan Y. , Cintan Serdar , Kara Goze , Cifcibasi Emine Yek , Unuvar Emin , Ciftci Sevgi , Keskin Fahriye , Kulekci Guven , Yaltirik Mehmet , Kilicoglu Hulya 
Published: September 2009

Background: Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis are considered necrotizing periodontal diseases. This case report presents an atypical form of necrotizing periodontitis, which does not fit into this classification.Methods: A 12‐year‐old child was referred to our clinic for gingival inflammation, extensive alveolar bone loss, and tooth mobility. Clinical and microbiologic examinations were carried out, and radiographs were taken. Clinical examination revealed soft and hard tissue destruction up to the mucogingival junction at the right maxillary premolar and mandibular incisors. Unusual infections or abnormalities in systemic functions were not detected through clinical and laboratory evaluations made at the Pediatrics Department, Istanbul University. Although an intensive established treatment protocol for necrotizing periodontitis was completed, management of long‐standing health conditions could not be achieved because of recurrence of the disease, which caused us to repeat this treatment protocol at short intervals.Results: Investigation led to a diagnosis of an atypical form of necrotizing periodontitis because the disease had a recurrent acute phase even under a standard treatment protocol.Conclusions: Our patient exhibits an unusual, necrotizing form of periodontal disease. The reason for the rapid rate of periodontal disease progression remains unclear.
Immediate Versus One‐Stage Restoration of Small‐Diameter Implants for a Single Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisor: A 3‐Year Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Degidi Marco , Nardi Diego , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: September 2009

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the bone loss pattern and soft tissue healing of immediately versus one‐stage loaded 3.0‐mm‐diameter implants in cases involving a single missing lateral maxillary incisor.Methods: Sixty patients with a missing lateral incisor in the maxilla were randomized to one of the treatments: 30 patients in the immediate‐restoration group and 30 patients in the one‐stage group. All implants were placed in healed sites and had to be inserted with a torque >25 Ncm. The implants in the immediate‐restoration group were fitted with a non‐occluding temporary crown on the day of surgery. Both groups received a full occluding final crown 6 months after surgery. Mean marginal bone loss, probing depth, and bleeding on probing were assessed at 6‐, 12‐, 24‐, and 36‐month follow‐up examinations by a masked examiner.Results: Sixty 3.0‐mm‐diameter implants were placed between July 2003 and February 2006; 27 (45.0%) were in men, and 33 (55.0%) were in women. All implants osseointegrated and were clinically stable at the 6‐month follow‐up. No statistically significant differences were observed for bleeding or plaque index. No implant fractures occurred. At the 36‐month follow‐up, the accumulated mean marginal bone loss and probing depth were 0.85 ± 0.71 mm and 1.91 ± 0.59 mm, respectively, for the immediate‐loading group (n = 30) and 0.75 ± 0.63 mm and 2.27 ± 0.81 mm, respectively, for the one‐stage group (n = 30). There was no statistically significant difference (P >0.05) for the tested outcome measures between the two procedures.Conclusions: In the rehabilitation of a single missing lateral maxillary incisor, no statistically significant difference was assessed between immediately and one‐stage restored small‐diameter implants with regard to implant survival, mean marginal bone loss, and probing depth. Three‐millimeter‐diameter implants proved to be a predictable treatment option in our test and control groups if a strict clinical protocol was followed.