bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External ventricular drainage alone versus endoscopic surgery for severe intraventricular hemorrhage: a comparative retrospective analysis on outcome and shunt dependency
Authors: Basaldella Luca , Marton Elisabetta , Fiorindi Alessandro , Scarpa Bruno , Badreddine Hadi , Longatti Pierluigi 
Published: March 2012

Object
Massive intraventricular hemorrhages (IVHs) require aggressive and rapid management to decrease intracranial hypertension, because the amount of intraventricular blood is a strong negative prognostic predictor on outcome. Neuroendoscopy may offer some advantages over more traditional surgical approaches on outcome and may decrease the number of shunt procedures that need to be performed.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological data in 96 patients treated for massive IVH who were admitted between January 1996 and June 2008 to the neurosurgery unit after undergoing emergency CT scanning. Forty-eight patients (Group A) were treated with endoscopic aspiration surgery using a flexible endoscope with a “freehand” technique. A historical group of 48 patients (Group B) treated using external ventricular drain (EVD) placement alone was used as a comparison. The authors compared the radiological results with the clinical outcomes at 1 year according to the modified Rankin Scale and the need for internal CSF shunt treatment in the 2 groups.

Results
Endoscopic aspiration did not significantly affect the outcome at 1 year as determined using the modified Rankin Scale. Patients who underwent endoscopy had an EVD in place for 0.18 days fewer than patients treated with an EVD alone. Patients undergoing external ventricular drainage alone had a 5 times greater chance of requiring a shunting procedure than those treated using neuroendoscopy and external ventricular drainage. Neuroendoscopy plus external drainage reduces shunting rates by 34% when compared with external drainage alone.

Conclusions
The reduction in internal shunt surgery encourages the adoption of neuroendoscopic aspiration of severe IVH as a therapeutic tool to decrease shunt dependency.
Predictors of long-term shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage requiring emergency cerebrospinal fluid diversion
Authors: Zacharia Brad E. , Vaughan Kerry A. , Hickman Zachary L. , Bruce Samuel S. , Carpenter Amanda M. , Petersen Nils H. , Deiner Stacie , Badjatia Neeraj , Connolly E. Sander 
Published: March 2012

Object
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is frequently complicated by acute hydrocephalus, necessitating emergency CSF diversion with a subset of patients, ultimately requiring long-term treatment via placement of permanent ventricular shunts. It is unclear what factors may predict the need for ventricular shunt placement in this patient population.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective analysis of a prospective database (ICH Outcomes Project) containing patients with nontraumatic ICH admitted to the neurological ICU at Columbia University Medical Center between January 2009 and September 2011. A multiple logistic regression model was developed to identify independent predictors of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after ICH. The following variables were included: patient age, admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, temporal horn diameter on admission CT imaging, bicaudate index, admission ICH volume and location, intraventricular hemorrhage volume, Graeb score, LeRoux score, third or fourth ventricle hemorrhage, and intracranial pressure (ICP) and ventriculitis during hospital stay.

Results
Of 210 patients prospectively enrolled in the ICH Outcomes Project, 64 required emergency CSF diversion via placement of an external ventricular drain and were included in the final cohort. Thirteen of these patients underwent permanent ventricular CSF shunting prior to discharge. In univariate analysis, only thalamic hemorrhage and elevated ICP were significantly associated with the requirement for permanent CSF diversion, with p values of 0.008 and 0.033, respectively. Each remained significant in a multiple logistic regression model in which both variables were present.

Conclusions
Of patients with ICH requiring emergency CSF diversion, those with persistently elevated ICP and thalamic location of their hemorrhage are at increased odds of developing persistent hydrocephalus, necessitating permanent ventricular shunt placement. These factors may assist in predicting which patients will require permanent CSF diversion and could ultimately lead to improvements in the management of this disorder and the outcome in patients with ICH.
Effect of Different Level of GA<sub>3</sub> on Growth and Yield of Cabbage
Authors: Roy R , Nasiruddin KM 
Published: March 2012

The research work was conducted to study the effect of GA3 on growth and yield of cabbage. Single factor experiment consisted of four concentrations of GA3, viz., 0, 25, 50 and 75 ppm. Significantly the minimum number of days to head formation (43.54 days) and maturity (69.95 days) was recorded with 50 ppm GA3 and 50 ppm GA3 gave the highest diameter (23.81 cm) of cabbage head while the lowest diameter (17.89 cm) of cabbage head was found in control (0 ppm GA3) treatment. The application of different concentrations of GA3 as influenced independently on the growth and yield of cabbage. Significantly the highest yield (45.22 kg/plot and 104.66 t/ha) was found from 50 ppm GA3.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10138 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 79-82, 2011
Total Nutrient Uptake by Grain plus Straw and Economic of Fertilizer Use
Authors: Kabir MH , Talukder NM , Uddin MJ , Mahmud H , Biswas BK 
Published: March 2012

An experiment was conducted at BINA (Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture) substation, Satkhira on slightly calcareous silty clay soil during the boro season of 2009-2010 to investigate the effects of different combinations of inorganic fertilizers in order to achieve sustainable high yield goal in the STL-655 rice mutant cultivar. The six treatment combinations were: T1 (absolute control), T2 (N60 P20 K40 S10 Zn1), T3 (N80 P25 K50 S15 Zn1.5), T4 (N100 P30 K60 S20 Zn2), T5 (N120 P35 K70 S25 Zn3) and T6 (N140 P40 K80 S30 Zn4) that was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications having per plot size was 5m x 4m. The results revealed that grain and straw yields of STL-655 rice mutant responded significantly with the different treatment combinations. The highest grain (3.95 t/ha) and straw yield (7.38 t/ha) was obtained in T6 (Soil test basis high yield goal) treatment, which was significantly higher than all other treatments. The treatment T6 (N140 P40 K80 S30 Zn4) caused an increase of 60% grain yield and 27% higher straw yield over the control. Nutrient uptake of N, P, K and S by grain of boro rice (STL-655 rice mutant) varied from 25.14 to 48.02, 5.40 to 8.14, 11.76 to 23.02 and 4.15 to 7.09 kg/ha, respectively. The N, P, K and S uptake by straw of boro rice (STL-655 rice mutant) varied from 20.36 to 35.85, 5.47 to 11.05, 59.01 to 159.6 and 9.54 to 12.97 kg/ha, respectively.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10139 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 83-87, 2011
Copper Contamination of Different Prawn Farms at Shatkhira District
Authors: Ali ML , Sattar MA , Baten MA 
Published: March 2012

Copper (Cu) contamination of six prawn farms under three upazilas of Satkhira district were evaluated. Total 54 water, sediment and prawn samples were collected from six farms, 18 samples from each category were examined to observe the Cu contamination of water, sediment and prawn. Cu was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer at the central laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University and toxicity laboratory of Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh. The levels of Cu in water sample, sediment sample and samples of prawn species were collected from different surface and ground sources. The concentration of Cu in sediment samples were ranged from 45.3895 to 127.8771 ?g-1 and the average mean concentration was 76.92101 ?g-1. The concentration of Cu in prawn was ranged from 16.1069 to 97.3841 ?g-1 and the average mean concentration was 51.2342 ?g-1. The copper concentration in water ranged from 0.0309 to 0.0702 ppm. Cu concentrations in those samples were higher in sediment than prawn, but very lower concentration was found in water sample. The Cu in sediment samples were present higher amount than allowable limit. So prawn was mostly affected by contaminated water and sediment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10157 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 105-109, 2011
Assessment of Arsenic Concentration in Ground Water of Tube Wells in Selected Primary Schools at Palashbari Upazila of Gaibanda District
Authors: Khan MNH , Rahman MM , Rokanuzzaman M 
Published: March 2012

Arsenic contamination has been recognized as an acute national problem in Bangladesh. Tube wells, one of the most important source of drinking water in Bangladesh, are contaminated by arsenic in 61 districts out of a total of 64. Children who are exposed to high levels of arsenic in their drinking water are 7 to 12 times susceptible then adult. This study was conducted to know the arsenic concentration level in primary schools tube wells. Twenty seven schools were selected at Palashbari upazila of Gaibandha district under Rangpur division. Econo Quick test kit was used to measure arsenic concentration. Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to indicate the geographic location. Fifteen were Sallow Tube Well no. 06 and eleven were Deep Tube Well no. 06 among the examined tube wells. Arsenic concentration of these studied tube wells were ranged between 0 to 200?g/L. Except two all are below (0 to 10?g/L) the WHO maximum permissible level (50?g/L). Among these two one lies marginal level (50?g/L) and another crosses the level (200?g/L). Arsenic concentrations of these tube wells were not high. So, there could be considered as a safe source of drinking water for the pupils of these primary schools.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10159 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 115-120, 2011
Suitability of the Physical Properties of Soil for Crop Production: A Study in Tangail Sadar
Authors: Mamun SA , Rahman F , Yeasmin F , Islam MA 
Published: March 2012

Use of imbalanced chemical fertilizer and changing crop and cropping pattern are becoming a serious threat for the sound environment of the soil. The study provided an assessment of the present status of soil quality of Tangail Sadar based on the laboratory analysis of physical parameters such as bulk density, water holding capacity, sand, silt and clay percentage from July, 2010 to December, 2010. 40 soil samples from 20 different places were collected from 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth of the soil from 5 locations mentioned as Porabari, Santosh, Gharinda, By-pass and Ashekpur. The study conducted revealed that among the 40 soil samples, 30 soil's textural classes are sandy clay loam, 7 are sandy clay and rests 3 are clay loam and the pH value ranges from 5.3 to 6.4. The comparative analysis shows that the average texture class is sandy clay loam, which is not relevant to the standard level because the standard texture class is loamy. The average moisture percentage, bulk density and water holding capacity are found 2.865 %, 0.0926 gm/cm3 and 9.44% respectively which are almost similar to standard values and almost soil are suitable for plant growth.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10160 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 121-125, 2011
Components of Streptococcus pneumoniae Suppress Allergic Airways Disease and NKT Cells by Inducing Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Thorburn Alison N. , Foster Paul S. , Gibson Peter G. , Hansbro Philip M. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Asthma is an allergic airways disease (AAD) caused by dysregulated immune responses and characterized by eosinophilic inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). NKT cells have been shown to contribute to AHR in some mouse models. Conversely, regulatory T cells (Tregs) control aberrant immune responses and maintain homeostasis. Recent evidence suggests that Streptococcus pneumoniae induces Tregs that have potential to be harnessed therapeutically for asthma. In this study, mouse models of AAD were used to identify the S. pneumoniae components that have suppressive properties, and the mechanisms underlying suppression were investigated. We tested the suppressive capacity of type-3-polysaccharide (T3P), isolated cell walls, pneumolysoid (Ply) and CpG. When coadministered, T3P + Ply suppressed the development of: eosinophilic inflammation, Th2 cytokine release, mucus hypersecretion, and AHR. Importantly, T3P + Ply also attenuated features of AAD when administered during established disease. We show that NKT cells contributed to the development of AAD and also were suppressed by T3P + Ply treatment. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of NKT cells induced AHR, which also could be reversed by T3P + Ply. T3P + Ply-induced Tregs were essential for the suppression of NKT cells and AAD, which was demonstrated by Treg depletion. Collectively, our results show that the S. pneumoniae components T3P + Ply suppress AAD through the induction of Tregs that blocked the activity of NKT cells. These data suggest that S. pneumoniae components may have potential as a therapeutic strategy for the suppression of allergic asthma through the induction of Tregs and suppression of NKT cells.
Chronic Helminth Infection Reduces Basophil Responsiveness in an IL-10–Dependent Manner
Authors: Larson David , Hübner Marc P. , Torrero Marina N. , Morris Christopher P. , Brankin Amy , Swierczewski Brett E. , Davies Stephen J. , Vonakis Becky M. , Mitre Edward 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBasophils play a key role in the development and effector phases of type 2 immune responses in both allergic diseases and helminth infections. This study shows that basophils become less responsive to IgE-mediated stimulation when mice are chronically infected with Litomosoides sigmodontis, a filarial nematode, and Schistosoma mansoni, a blood fluke. Although excretory/secretory products from microfilariae of L. sigmodontis suppressed basophils in vitro, transfer of microfilariae into mice did not result in basophil suppression. Rather, reduced basophil responsiveness, which required the presence of live helminths, was found to be dependent on host IL-10 and was accompanied by decreases in key IgE signaling molecules known to be downregulated by IL-10. Given the importance of basophils in the development of type 2 immune responses, these findings help explain the mechanism by which helminths protect against allergy and may have broad implications for understanding how helminth infections alter other disease states in people.
TGF-β Converts Apoptotic Stimuli into the Signal for Th9 Differentiation
Authors: Takami Mariko , Love Robert B. , Iwashima Makio 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Naturally arising CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (nTregs) have an essential role in maintenance of immune homeostasis and peripheral tolerance. Previously, we reported that conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells undergo p53-induced CD28-dependent apoptosis (PICA) when stimulated with a combination of immobilized anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs, whereas nTregs expand robustly under the same conditions, suggesting that there is a differential survival mechanism against PICA between conventional T cells and nTregs. In this study, we demonstrate that TGF-β signaling is required for nTregs to survive PICA. Conversely, when an active form of exogenous TGF-β is present, conventional T cells become resistant to PICA and undergo robust expansion instead of apoptosis, with reduction of the proapoptotic protein Bim and FoxO3a. A substantial fraction of PICA-resistant T cells expressed IL-9 (TH9 cells). Moreover, the presence of IL-6 along with TGF-β led to the generation of TH17 cells from conventional T cells. Together, the data demonstrate a novel role for TGF-β in the homeostasis of regulatory T cells and effector T cell differentiation and expansion.
Decitabine and Vorinostat Cooperate To Sensitize Colon Carcinoma Cells to Fas Ligand-Induced Apoptosis In Vitro and Tumor Suppression In Vivo
Authors: Yang Dafeng , Torres Christina M. , Bardhan Kankana , Zimmerman Mary , McGaha Tracy L. , Liu Kebin 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The death receptor Fas and its physiological ligand (FasL) regulate apoptosis of cancerous cells, thereby functioning as a critical component of the host cancer immunosurveillance system. To evade Fas-mediated apoptosis, cancer cells often downregulate Fas to acquire an apoptosis-resistant phenotype, which is a hallmark of metastatic human colorectal cancer. Therefore, targeting Fas resistance is of critical importance in Fas-based cancer therapy and immunotherapy. In this study, we demonstrated that epigenetic inhibitors decitabine and vorinostat cooperate to upregulate Fas expression in metastatic human colon carcinoma cells. Decitabine also upregulates BNIP3 and Bik expression, whereas vorinostat decreased Bcl-xL expression. Altered expression of Fas, BNIP3, Bik, and Bcl-xL resulted in effective sensitization of the metastatic human colon carcinoma cells to FasL-induced apoptosis. Using an experimental metastasis mouse model, we further demonstrated that decitabine and vorinostat cooperate to suppress colon carcinoma metastasis. Analysis of tumor-bearing lung tissues revealed that a large portion of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells are FasL+, and decitabine and vorinostat-mediated tumor-suppression efficacy was significantly decreased in Fasgld mice compared with wild-type mice, suggesting a critical role for FasL in decitabine and vorinostat-mediated tumor suppression in vivo. Consistent with their function in apoptosis sensitization, decitabine and vorinostat significantly increased the efficacy of CTL adoptive transfer immunotherapy in an experimental metastasis mouse model. Thus, our data suggest that combined modalities of chemotherapy to sensitize the tumor cell to Fas-mediated apoptosis and CTL immunotherapy is an effective approach for the suppression of colon cancer metastasis.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Promotes the Persistence ofLeishmania chagasiInfection
Authors: Luz Nívea F. , Andrade Bruno B. , Feijó Daniel F. , Araújo-Santos Théo , Carvalho Graziele Q. , Andrade Daniela , Abánades Daniel R. , Melo Enaldo V. , Silva Angela M. , Brodskyn Cláudia I. , Barral-Netto Manoel , Barral Aldina , Soares Rodrigo P. , Almeida Roque P. , Bozza Marcelo T. , Borges Valéria M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains a major public health problem worldwide. This disease is highly associated with chronic inflammation and a lack of the cellular immune responses against Leishmania. It is important to identify major factors driving the successful establishment of the Leishmania infection to develop better tools for the disease control. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a key enzyme triggered by cellular stress, and its role in VL has not been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the role of HO-1 in the infection by Leishmania infantum chagasi, the causative agent of VL cases in Brazil. We found that L. chagasi infection or lipophosphoglycan isolated from promastigotes triggered HO-1 production by murine macrophages. Interestingly, cobalt protoporphyrin IX, an HO-1 inductor, increased the parasite burden in both mouse and human-derived macrophages. Upon L. chagasi infection, macrophages from Hmox1 knockout mice presented significantly lower parasite loads when compared with those from wild-type mice. Furthermore, upregulation of HO-1 by cobalt protoporphyrin IX diminished the production of TNF-α and reactive oxygen species by infected murine macrophages and increased Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase expression in human monocytes. Finally, patients with VL presented higher systemic concentrations of HO-1 than healthy individuals, and this increase of HO-1 was reduced after antileishmanial treatment, suggesting that HO-1 is associated with disease susceptibility. Our data argue that HO-1 has a critical role in the L. chagasi infection and is strongly associated with the inflammatory imbalance during VL. Manipulation of HO-1 pathways during VL could serve as an adjunctive therapeutic approach.
HLA-B7–Restricted EBV-Specific CD8+ T Cells Are Dysregulated in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Jilek Samantha , Schluep Myriam , Harari Alexandre , Canales Mathieu , Lysandropoulos Andreas , Zekeridou Anastasia , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Du Pasquier Renaud A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
It was hypothesized that the EBV-specific CD8+ T cell response may be dysregulated in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, possibly leading to a suboptimal control of this virus. To examine the CD8+ T cell response in greater detail, we analyzed the HLA-A2–, HLA-B7–, and HLA-B8–restricted EBV- and CMV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in a high number of MS patients and control subjects using tetramers. Content in cytolytic granules, as well as cytotoxic activity, of EBV- and CMV-specific CD8+ T cells was assessed. We found that MS patients had a lower or a higher prevalence of HLA-A2 and HLA-B7, respectively. Using HLA class I tetramers in HLA-B7+ MS patients, there was a higher prevalence of MS patients with HLA-B*0702/EBVRPP-specific CD8+ T cells ex vivo. However, the magnitude of the HLA-B*0702/EBVRPP-specific and HLA-B*0702/CMVTPR-specific CD8+ T cell response (i.e., the percentage of tetramer+ CD8+ T cells in a study subject harboring CD8+ T cells specific for the given epitope) was lower in MS patients. No differences were found using other tetramers. After stimulation with the HLA-B*0702/EBVRPP peptide, the production of IL-2, perforin, and granzyme B and the cytotoxicity of HLA-B*0702/EBVRPP-specific CD8+ T cells were decreased. Altogether, our findings suggest that the HLA-B*0702–restricted viral (in particular the EBV one)-specific CD8+ T cell response is dysregulated in MS patients. This observation is particularly interesting knowing that the HLA-B7 allele is more frequently expressed in MS patients and considering that EBV is associated with MS.
Different Adaptations of IgG Effector Function in Human and Nonhuman Primates and Implications for Therapeutic Antibody Treatment
Authors: Warncke Max , Calzascia Thomas , Coulot Michele , Balke Nicole , Touil Ratiba , Kolbinger Frank , Heusser Christoph 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSafety of human therapeutic Abs is generally assessed in nonhuman primates. Whereas IgG1 shows identical FcγR interaction and effector function profile in both species, fundamental differences in the IgG2 and IgG4 Ab subclasses were found between the two species. Granulocytes, the main effector cells against IgG2- and IgG4-opsonized bacteria and parasites, do not express FcγRIIIb, but show higher levels of FcγRII in cynomolgus monkey. In humans, IgG2 and IgG4 adapted a silent Fc region with weak binding to FcγR and effector functions, whereas, in contrast, cynomolgus monkey IgG2 and IgG4 display strong effector function as well as differences in IgG4 Fab arm exchange. To balance this shift toward activation, the cynomolgus inhibitory FcγRIIb shows strongly increased affinity for IgG2. In view of these findings, in vitro and in vivo results for human IgG2 and IgG4 obtained in the cynomolgus monkey have to be cautiously interpreted, whereas effector function-related effects of human IgG1 Abs are expected to be predictable for humans.