bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of immediate curing at elevated temperatures on the tensile and interfacial properties of carbon fiber-epoxy composites
Authors: Liever Alexandra , Liu Yingtao , Vemuganti Shreya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Elevated temperature conditions known to improve curing from the onset and during the process of immediate curing are not available in the field, which can hinder the mechanical performance of these strengthening systems. In this study, mechanical testing and material characterization were conducted to identify the effects of subjecting nanomodified epoxy and fiber-reinforced nanomodified epoxy composites to room temperature (RT) (30 °C) and elevated temperature (110 °C) from the onset of curing. Static tensile testing and interfacial adhesion tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical performance. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed to determine curing characteristics to inform on the immediate curing of nanomodified resins cured under the two temperature conditions. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to identify Carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion characteristics. Overall, due to the incorporation of CNTs in epoxy, RT curing results in upto 62% increase in strain at failure. By supplying additional energy during immediate curing with elevated temperatures, a 51% increase in strength and 42% increase in Youngs Modulus can be observed in the nanomodified epoxy. In CFRP-epoxy composites, due to the incorporation of CNTs in the epoxy, RT curing results in upto 27% increase in strain at failure. By supplying additional energy during immediate curing with elevated temperatures, upto 133% increase in strain at failure is observed and upto 17% increase in strength is observed. CNTs incorporated in CFRP-epoxy composites demonstrated upto 50% increase in interfacial adhesion whereas supplying additional energy for their immediate curing with elevated temperatures, upto 130% increase in interfacial adhesion was observed. TGA and DSC results supported the mechanical observations and show a need for immediate curing when CNTs are used in epoxy matrices.
Pragmatic Pluralism in Ethical and Sociopolitical Theory
Authors: Fesmire Steven 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins by putting pragmatism in conversation with contemporary critics of “ideal theories,” including critiques of John Rawls’s idealized world of rational agents who are in full compliance with the demands of justice. The author draws from nonideal theorists to argue that comparison to the ideal is valuable as a heuristic, but it is the wrong starting point for future ethical and sociopolitical theorizing. A pragmatic outlook, in contrast, can elicit generative possibilities that are concealed by overly formal ideal theories. The chapter argues that traditional moral theorizing’s unitary zeal standardizes moral life in a way that is poorly suited to navigating indeterminate systems.
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors and granular cell pituicytomas at autopsy: Incidence, cell types, locations, and histogenesis in 150 pituitary glands
Authors: Tomita Tatsuo , Gates Evelyn 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The incidence of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors has been reported high at autopsy. This study aimed to detect many tumors in both anterior and posterior lobes to prove tumor histogenesis.

Methods
In total, 150 pituitary glands were studied from the University of Kansas Medical Center from 1995 to 2000. The pituitary gland was sagittally sliced from anterior to posterior into 6 to 8 sections. When H&E-stained sections revealed tumors, the tumors were immunohistochemically stained for 6 pituitary hormones.

Results
Among 150 autopsy cases, 38 (25.3%) harbored microadenomas, including 4 cases with double tumors. Twenty-three (54.7%) cases were negative to all pituitary hormones. Of the remaining 19 tumors, 13 (30.9%) were lactotrophs, with 4 cases being concomitantly somatotrophs and gonadotrophs, and 2 cases were corticotropes. More than 85% of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors were adjacent to the capsule. Thirteen (8.7%) granular cell pituicytomas were found in the posterior lobe. There were pituicytes transforming into granular cell tumors.

Conclusions
The incidence was 25.3% for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors and 8.7% for granular cell pituicytomas. Since most pituitary neuroendocrine tumors were adjacent to the pituitary capsule, the capsule appeared to be the germinal center. Both pituitary tumors belonged to the 2 different transcription factor lineages.
IL-9 Is a Biomarker of BIA-ALCL Detected Rapidly by Lateral Flow Assay
Authors: Xu Peng , Kourentzi Katerina , Willson Richard , Hu Honghua , Deva Anand , McGuire Patricia , Glicksman Caroline , Kadin Marshall 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
A delayed seroma around breast implants is the most common clinical presentation of breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Interleukin-9 (IL-9), IL-10, and IL-13 concentrations are significantly higher in BIA-ALCL than in benign seromas, offering a means to distinguish between these conditions.

Objectives
The aim of this research was to test the ability of a lateral flow assay (LFA) to detect high concentrations of IL-9 rapidly. In addition, the authors compared CD30 and IL-9 LFAs for distinguishing BIA-ALCL from benign seromas.

Methods
Samples of 26 seromas (15 benign, 11 malignant) were tested on in-house-prepared LFA strips for IL-9 and CD30. Nanoparticle-conjugated antibodies specific to IL-9 and CD30 were used for detection. The intensity of both the test line (TL) and a control line (CL) were analyzed and the TL/CL ratio was calculated. IL-9 protein and IL-9 transcription factor PU.1 were stained in BIA-ALCL lines and clinical samples.

Results
The IL-9 LFA could reliably distinguish BIA-ALCL from benign seromas when the IL-9 concentration was &gt;10 ng/ml. The CD30 LFA was positive in all 11 malignant cases. In 1 case with only faint CD30 and IL-10 TLs, the IL-9 LFA was clearly positive. Immunohistochemistry showed that IL-9 and PU.1 were present in tumor cells in BIA-ALCL lines and clinical samples.

Conclusions
Concentrations of IL-9 &gt;10 ng/ml reliably distinguished BIA-ALCL from benign seromas. Moreover, the IL-9 LFA could detect BIA-ALCL when both the CD30 and IL-10 LFAs were not definitive, suggesting a multiplex LFA measuring IL-9, CD30, and IL-10 might be more effective in detecting BIA-ALCL in selected cases.
In vitro reminiscence: uterine programming in vivo affects respective luminal epithelial cells function in vitro
Authors: Rocha Cecilia Constantino , Cordeiro Andrey Luiz Lopes , Campbell Meghan , Maldonado Mariangela Bueno Cordeiro , Silva Felipe Alves Correa Carvalho , Bennett Alexandra , Waheed Abdul , Hansen Thomas , Binelli Mario 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In cattle, the endometrium during diestrus and early pregnancy displays cellular responses that are consequences of prior, transient stimuli. Goal was to establish a model to study cellular memory in the endometrium. The hypothesis is that stimuli given to endometrium in vivo are retained as a cellular memory that remains after bovine uterine epithelial cells (BUECs) are isolated, cultured, and further stimulated in vitro. Objectives were to measure BUEC proliferation/migration and responsiveness to recombinant bovine Interferon-tau (rbIFNT) in vitro: among cows that showed estrus (experiment 1 [Exp1]), cows that became or not pregnant to artificial insemination (Exp2), cows that received or not supplemental progesterone (P4; Exp3) and cows that received or not a COX-1/2 inhibitor (Exp4). Only cows that displayed estrus were included in studies. For all experiments endometrial cytology was collected 4 days after estrus, BUECs were cultured, propagated, and submitted to rbIFNT treatment and an in vitro scratch assay. In Exp1, different cows spontaneously grouped according to proliferative/migratory capacity and responsiveness to rbIFNT of their respective BUECs. In Exp2, BUECs from pregnant cows showed greater rbIFNT responsiveness and cellular proliferation. In Exp3, BUECs from cows supplemented with P4 presented inhibited proliferation and increased expression of RSAD2. In Exp4, Flunixin Meglumine modified rbIFNT responsiveness of BUECs in an IFN-signaling pathway-specific manner. In conclusion, physiological and pharmacological stimuli received by the endometrium in vivo were retained as cellular memory in BUECs, persisted in culture, and changed BUEC proliferation/migration and responsiveness to rbIFNT, which are characteristics associated with fertility in cattle.
Distribution patterns of glandular trichomes in the flora of the Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China
Authors: Wu Rui , Cun Shuang , Gao Yong-Qian , Ma Rong , Zhang Lin , Lev-Yadun Simcha , Sun Hang , Song Bo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Glandular trichomes are traditionally regarded as a defence against insect herbivores in plants. A comprehensive examination of their occurrence across an entire flora is essential for understanding how plant-herbivore interactions influence species abundance, traits, and diversity. In this study, we gathered data on the presence of glandular trichomes in a diverse flora comprising 7751 angiosperm species from the Hengduan Mountains region in southwestern China, testing the effects of plant organ, life form, leaf habit, phylogenetic position, and geographical element on the occurrence of glandular trichomes. Our results showed that 1021 species (13.2%) in the studied flora possessed glandular trichomes. Reproductive organs (88.0%) displayed a significantly higher occurrence of glandular trichomes compared to vegetative organs (59.1%). Within flowers, the calyx (81.1%) was the most defended, followed by the corolla (17.4%), and the gynoecium (12.5%). The androecium (1.8%) was the flower component least associated with glandular trichomes. Herbaceous species (14.0%) were more likely to have glandular trichomes than woody species (11.6%). For woody plants, leaf habit (deciduous/evergreen) had no significant effect on the presence of glandular trichomes on leaf blades, but had a significant effect on the occurrence of glandular trichomes on reproductive organs, with deciduous woody species (11.0%) displaying a higher prevalence compared to evergreen woody species (8.3%). Interestingly, the proportion of species with glandular trichomes was notably lower in the tropical elements (6.8%) compared to both temperate and cosmopolitan elements (15.3% and 15.6%, respectively). Our findings suggest that in the Hengduan Mountains region, the evolution of glandular trichomes exhibits distinct patterns among various life forms, plant organs, leaf habits, and geographical elements, while showing limited influence from phylogenetic relatedness, highlighting the remarkable evolutionary adaptability of this defensive plant trait.
Proximal tubule hypertrophy and hyperfunction: a novel pathophysiological feature in disease states
Authors: Kanbay Mehmet , Copur Sidar , Guldan Mustafa , Ozbek Lasin , Hatipoglu Alper , Covic Adrian , Mallamaci Francesca , Zoccali Carmine 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The role of proximal tubules (PTs), a major component of the renal tubular structure in the renal cortex, has been examined extensively. Along with its physiological role in the reabsorption of various molecules, including electrolytes, amino acids and monosaccharides, transcellular transport of different hormones and regulation of homeostasis, pathological events affecting PTs may underlie multiple disease states. PT hypertrophy or a hyperfunctioning state, despite being a compensatory mechanism at first in response to various stimuli or alterations at tubular transport proteins, have been shown to be critical pathophysiological events leading to multiple disorders, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome and congestive heart failure. Moreover, pharmacotherapeutic agents have primarily targeted PTs, including sodium–glucose cotransporter 2, urate transporters and carbonic anhydrase enzymes. In this narrative review, we focus on the physiological role of PTs in healthy states and the current understanding of the PT pathologies leading to disease states and potential therapeutic targets.
Outcomes of heart transplantation in children with previously palliated hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Sizemore Johnna , Furlong-Dillard Jamie , Wilkens Sarah , Kozik Deborah , Deshpande Shriprasad , Trivedi Jaimin , Alsoufi Bahaaldin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Paediatric heart transplantation in children who fail multistage palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome is associated with challenges related to immune, clinical or anatomic risk factors. We review current outcomes and risk factors for survival following heart transplantation in this challenging patient population.

METHODS
The United Network for Organ Sharing transplantation database was merged with Paediatric Health Information System database to identify children who received heart transplantation following prior palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Multivariable Cox analysis of outcomes and factors affecting survival was performed.

RESULTS
Our cohort included 849 children between 2009 and 2021. The median age was 1044 days (interquartile range 108–3535), and the median weight was 13 kg (interquartile range 7–26). Overall survival at 10 years following heart transplantation was 71%, with most of the death being perioperative. On multivariable analysis, risk factors for survival included Black race (hazard ratio = 1.630, P = 0.0253), blood type other than B (hazard ratio = 2.564, P = 0.0052) and male donor gender (hazard ratio = 1.367, P = 0.0483). Recipient age, the use of ventricular assist device or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were not significantly associated with survival. Twenty-four patients underwent retransplantation, and 10-year freedom from retransplantation was 98%. Rejection before hospital discharge and within 1 year from transplantation was 20% and 24%, respectively, with infants having lower rejection rates.

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with existing literature, the number of children with prior hypoplastic left heart syndrome palliation who receive heart transplantation has increased in the current era. Survival following transplantation in this patient population is acceptable. Most of the death is perioperative. Efforts to properly support these patients before transplantation might decrease early mortality and improve overall survival.
Constitutional Law-making by International Law: The Indigenization of Free Trade Agreements
Authors: Riffel Christian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
New Zealand’s free trade agreements (FTAs) with the European Union and the United Kingdom break new ground by elevating Indigenous customary protocols to a vector in the regulation of international trade. While in the past the focus has been on securing policy space to protect Indigenous rights, this has shifted: Māori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand, have entered the trade arena, and with them their protocols and customs, as a means of enshrining participation rights for Māori, as a touchstone for international cooperation, as a benchmark for reviewing FTAs and as a method of addressing problems ranging from environmental degradation to unsustainable fisheries. Māori are not just another stakeholder; they have a seat at the table, and this article will canvass to what extent. Other countries with an Indigenous population will develop their own paths to better integrate Indigenous peoples in their foreign trade policies. New Zealand presents one notable example.
What does not kill you makes you stronger? Effects of paternal age at conception on fathers and sons
Authors: Sanghvi Krish , Pizzari Tommaso , Sepil Irem 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Advancing male age is often hypothesized to reduce both male fertility and offspring quality due to reproductive senescence. However, the effects of advancing male age on reproductive output and offspring quality are not always deleterious. For example, older fathers might buffer the effects of reproductive senescence by terminally investing in reproduction. Similarly, males that survive to reproduce at an old age might carry alleles that confer high viability (viability selection), which are then inherited by offspring, or might have high reproductive potential (selective disappearance). Differentiating these mechanisms requires an integrated experimental study of paternal survival and reproductive performance, as well as offspring quality, which is currently lacking. Using a cross-sectional study in Drosophila melanogaster, we test the effects of paternal age at conception (PAC) on paternal survival and reproductive success, and on the lifespans of sons. We discover that mating at an old age is linked with decreased future male survival, suggesting that mating-induced mortality is possibly due to old fathers being frail. We find no evidence for terminal investment and show that reproductive senescence in fathers does not onset until their late-adult life. Additionally, we find that as a father’s lifespan increases, his probability of siring offspring increases for older PAC treatments only. Lastly, we show that sons born to older fathers live longer than those born to younger fathers due to viability selection. Collectively, our results suggest that advancing paternal age is not necessarily associated with deleterious effects for offspring and may even lead to older fathers producing longer-lived offspring.
Current epidemiology of chronic liver disease
Authors: Manikat Richie , Ahmed Aijaz , Kim Donghee 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chronic liver disease presents a significant global health burden, characterized by several etiologies, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and chronic hepatitis C virus infection. This review explored current epidemiological trends and projections for each etiology, looking into their respective burdens and challenges. MASLD, formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease, and its global incidence and prevalence are steadily rising. ALD, fueled by increased alcohol consumption, is also on the rise, with concerning implications for future mortality rates. Chronic hepatitis B and C infections remain major public health concerns, particularly in specific regions of the world, necessitating concerted efforts for screening and treatment. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the epidemiology of chronic liver disease, exacerbating mortality rates and disrupting healthcare services. Mental health issues arising from the pandemic further complicate the treatment of chronic liver disease, making comprehensive healthcare strategies essential. Despite advancements in treatment, chronic liver disease continues to impose a substantial economic burden, emphasizing the importance of preventive measures and early intervention. In conclusion, ongoing surveillance and research efforts are crucial for understanding and addressing the evolving landscape of chronic liver disease. Comprehensive strategies that encompass prevention, screening, and treatment of its different etiologies are essential for mitigating its impact and improving patient outcomes.
Single nucleotide polymorphism profile for quantitative trait nucleotide in populations with small effective size and its impact on mapping and genomic predictions
Authors: Pocrnic Ivan , Lourenco Daniela , Misztal Ignacy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Increasing SNP density by incorporating sequence information only marginally increases prediction accuracies of breeding values in livestock. To find out why, we used statistical models and simulations to investigate the shape of distribution of estimated SNP effects (a profile) around quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) in populations with a small effective population size (Ne). A QTN profile created by averaging SNP effects around each QTN was similar to the shape of expected pairwise linkage disequilibrium (PLD) based on Ne and genetic distance between SNP, with a distinct peak for the QTN. Populations with smaller Ne showed lower but wider QTN profiles. However, adding more genotyped individuals with phenotypes dragged the profile closer to the QTN. The QTN profile was higher and narrower for populations with larger compared to smaller Ne. Assuming the PLD curve for the QTN profile, 80% of the additive genetic variance explained by each QTN was contained in ± 1/Ne Morgan interval around the QTN, corresponding to 2 Mb in cattle and 5 Mb in pigs and chickens. With such large intervals, identifying QTN is difficult even if all of them are in the data and the assumed genetic architecture is simplistic. Additional complexity in QTN detection arises from confounding of QTN profiles with signals due to relationships, overlapping profiles with closely spaced QTN, and spurious signals. However, small Ne allows for accurate predictions with large data even without QTN identification because QTNs are accounted for by QTN profiles if SNP density is sufficient to saturate the segments.
The European Research and Bolar Exemptions ‒ Background, Status Quo and a Look at the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court (UPCA) and the EU Commission’s New Draft Directive for the Reform of Pharmaceutical Legislation
Authors: Stief Marco 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A patent is a form of state monopoly granted to the owner of an invention. A patent rewards its owner with exclusive rights in exchange for innovation (‘quid pro quo’) for a limited period of time. These exclusive rights allow the patent holder to prohibit others from using the patented invention, helping to recover their research and development (R&D) costs and thereby create an incentive for further innovation. However, patents can hinder technical progress if no restrictions are imposed. Therefore, exceptions and restrictions exist to balance patent protection with the right to freedom of research under Art. 13 of the EU Charter. The most important exceptions are the so-called Bolar and research exemptions. The Bolar exemption allows generics manufacturers to seek authorization or approval under pharmaceutical law before a patent expires, enabling market entry immediately after patent expiration. The research exemption permits the use of patented inventions for research purposes. These two exceptions are increasingly important due to a shift in patent law favoring patent holders through simplified procedures and expanded rights. This article briefly outlines the history and application requirements of these two exemptions and the limits and restrictions to be observed. It also discusses the national differences in application of the Bolar and research exemptions within Europe and the new Art. 27 UPCA introduced in June 2023. Finally, the proposed amendments published in April 2023 as part of the new European pharmaceutical package will be discussed.