bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change projections for Switzerland based on a Bayesian multi‐model approach
Authors: Fischer A. M. , Weigel A. P. , Buser C. M. , Knutti R. , Künsch H. R. , Liniger M. A. , Schär C. , Appenzeller C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRegional projections of future climate with associated uncertainty estimates are increasingly being demanded. Generally, such scenarios rely on a finite number of model projections and are accompanied by considerable uncertainties which cannot be fully quantified. Consequently, probabilistic climate projections are conditioned on several subjective assumptions which can be treated in a Bayesian framework. In this study, a recently developed Bayesian multi‐model combination algorithm is applied to regional climate model simulations from the ENSEMBLES project to generate probabilistic projections for Switzerland. The seasonal temperature and precipitation scenarios are calculated relative to 1980–2009 for three 30‐year scenario periods (centred at 2035, 2060, and 2085), three regions, and the A1B emission scenario. Projections for two further emission scenarios are obtained by pattern scaling. Key to the Bayesian algorithm is the determination of prior distributions about climatic parameters. It is shown that the prior choice of model projection uncertainty ultimately determines the uncertainty in the climate change signal. Here, we assume that model uncertainty is fully sampled by the climate models available. We have extended the algorithm such that internal decadal variability is also included in all scenario calculations. The A1B scenarios show a significant rise in temperature increasing from 0.9–1.4 °C by 2035 (depending upon region and season), to 2.0–2.9 °C by 2060, and to 2.7–4.1 °C by 2085. Mean precipitation changes are subject to large uncertainties with median changes close to zero. Significant signals are seen towards the end of the century with a summer drying of 18–24% depending on region, and a likely increase of winter precipitation in Switzerland south of the Alps. The A2 scenario implies a warming of 3.2–4.8 °C, and a summer drying of 21–28% by 2085, while in case of the mitigation scenario RCP3PD, climate change could be stabilized to 1.2–1.8 °C of warming and 8–10% of drying. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
An assessment of current and future vulnerability to coastal inundation due to sea‐level extremes in Victoria, southeast Australia
Authors: McInnes Kathleen L. , Macadam Ian , Hubbert Graeme , O'Grady Julian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCurrent climate 1‐in‐100‐year storm tide heights along the coast of Victoria, southeast Australia were estimated by combining probabilities of storm surge and tide heights determined from hydrodynamic modelling. For this return period, levels lie between 1 and 2 m above mean sea level along much of the coastline. Future climate 1‐in‐100‐year storm tide heights were estimated by adding high‐end estimates of future sea‐level rise from recent literature. The effect of climate change through consistent wind‐speed increases was also examined and it was found that, for the late 21st Century, the contribution of wind‐speed increase to the increases in extreme storm surge heights is considerably smaller, by a factor of more than 2, than the contribution of sea‐level rise.A computationally inexpensive approach to assessing current and future vulnerability to coastal inundation due to sea‐level extremes is then demonstrated for the Victorian coast. A simple inundation algorithm was used with high‐resolution terrestrial elevation data from a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) survey of the Victorian coast to evaluate the potential vulnerability of nine coastal regions to inundation by current and future climate 1‐in‐100‐year storm tides. The response of different regions varied from exhibiting proportional increases in inundation to sea‐level rise to nonlinear responses, where the exceedance of critical sea‐level thresholds led to large stepwise increases in land area or number of land parcels affected by inundation. These responses were a function of both coastal topography and the spatial density of land parcels. The low computational cost of the methodology permits different time horizons and uncertainties in future climate change to be considered using a scenario‐based approach and is therefore useful in assessing options for adaptation to climate change. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Nuclear localization of 14‐3‐3epsilon inversely correlates with poor long‐term survival of patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Hui , Huang Haoran , Li Weidong , Jin Xuejun , Zeng Jian , Liu Yawei , Gu Ye , Sun Xuegang , Wen Ge , Ding Yanqing , Zhao Liang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground14‐3‐3ε regulates diverse biological processes and plays a significant role in the formation of malignant tumors. However, the localization and clinical significance of 14‐3‐3ε in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been elucidated.MethodsWe investigated 14‐3‐3ε expression and its prognostic significance in CRC. CRC surgical samples were taken from 137 clinicopathologically characterized CRC cases. 14‐3‐3ε expression was tested by immunohistochemical assay. Separate Western blot of nuclear and cytosol preparations confirmed nuclear localization of 14‐3‐3ε protein.ResultsNuclear expression of 14‐3‐3ε was observed in 76.9% of normal colorectal tissue and 78.8% of all CRC samples. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference of nuclear 14‐3‐3ε expression in patients categorized according to lymph node metastasis. A trend was identified between decreasing nuclear 14‐3‐3ε expression in CRC and worsening clinical prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that loss of nuclear 14‐3‐3ε expression was an independent prognostic indicator for patient's survival.ConclusionsThe current data provide evidence that 14‐3‐3ε is not exclusively a cytosolic protein, but is also detectable within the nucleus. Our results suggest that nuclear 14‐3‐3ε as a suppressor may serve as important biomarker of tumor metastasis. Loss of nuclear 14‐3‐3ε is closely associated with poor overall survival in CRC patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:224–231. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of surgeon specialization on long‐term survival following colon cancer resection at an NCI‐designated cancer center
Authors: Barbas Andrew S. , Turley Ryan S. , Mantyh Christopher R. , Migaly John 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have documented improved outcomes for patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection at NCI cancer centers compared to hospitals without this designation. Proposed contributory factors include a higher proportion of surgeons with specialty training in colorectal surgery and surgical oncology. The purpose of this study was to assess whether surgeon specialization is associated with differences in overall survival following colon cancer resection at an NCI cancer center.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of patients undergoing colectomy for colon cancer from 1994 to 2009 at Duke University Medical Center. Patients were divided into two groups based on specialization status of the attending surgeon, and several clinicopathologic variables were compared. A multivariate analysis was then performed examining variables influencing overall survival.ResultsTotal of 395 patients were included in the study, with 335 patients operated on by specialty‐trained surgeons and 60 patients operated on by non‐specialists. Overall, the two groups were similar with respect to demographic and pathologic variables. On multivariate analysis, surgeon specialization was found to be an independent predictor of improved overall survival [HR 0.43 (CI: 0.25–0.75), P = 0.003].ConclusionSurgeon specialization appears to be associated with improved overall survival in the setting of an NCI‐designated cancer center. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:219–223. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of lymph node retrieval on surgical outcomes in colorectal cancers
Authors: Kritsanasakul Arun , Boonpipattanapong Teeranut , Wanitsuwan Worawit , Phukaoloun Monlika , Prechawittayakul Paradee , Sangkhathat Surasak 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundAdequacy of lymph node sampling is fundamental to the accuracy of nodal status (N‐status) assessment in colorectal cancers (CRCs). This study aimed to determine the minimum sampling number to achieve reliable prognosis and to look for any association between the positive lymph node ratio (LNR) and overall survival (OS). Pathological reports of 533 stages I–III CRC patients who underwent curative resection during the period from January 1998 to December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed with regard to the number of lymph nodes obtained for pathological diagnosis (nLN) and number of positive nodes.ResultsThe median nLN was 10 nodes and the mean number of positive nodes was 1.7 nodes. On the N‐status attribution plot, the cut‐off point where the converging curves turned parallel was at 12 nodes. This cut‐off was supported by the significant difference in OS between cases with nLN ≥ 12 (5‐year OS 73.0%) and those with nLN < 12 (5‐year OS 62.7%), (P‐value < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that both nLN‐12 and LNR were independent factors predicting survival probability.ConclusionOur data emphasize the importance of lymph node harvesting during the surgical resection of CRCs. In addition, LNR is a strong independent factor associated with CRC survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:238–242. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combination of solid‐phase extraction‐hollow fiber for ultra‐preconcentration of some triazole pesticides followed by gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection
Authors: Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Khoshmaram Leila , Mogaddam Mohammad Reza Afshar 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this study, an extraction and preconcentration technique using solid‐phase extraction (SPE) along with hollow fiber (HF) has been developed as an ultra‐preconcentration technique for some triazole pesticides in aqueous samples. Triazole pesticides were employed as model compounds to assess the method and were monitored by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC‐FID). Initially, an aqueous solution of target analytes was passed through an RP‐8 SPE cartridge and then the adsorbed analytes were eluted with μL amounts of toluene. The collected elute was slowly introduced into an HF that had one end blocked. This allowed precipitation inside the lumen and pores of the HF. Finally, the obtained HF was mounted on a home‐made solid‐phase microextraction syringe and entered into the GC injection port for thermal desorption‐GC analysis. The effect of various experimental parameters including injection port temperature, desorption time, state of HF, washing solvent, elution solvent and its volume, sample volume, etc. were investigated for finding the optimum conditions. The calibration graphs were linear in the ranges of 2–1000 ng/mL (penconazole and hexaconazole), 5–1000 ng/mL (tebuconazole), 15–1000 ng/mL (triticonazole) and the detection limits (LODs) ranged from 0.6 to 4.5 ng/mL. The enhancement factors were in the range of 870–950. The relative standard deviations (RSD%) for five repeated experiments (C=250 ng/mL of each pesticide) varied from 4.5 to 8.7%. The relative recoveries obtained for analytes in grape juice samples, spiked with different levels of each pesticide, were in the range of 87–119%.
Separation and purification of neohesperidin from the albedo of Citrus reticulata cv. Suavissima by combination of macroporous resin and high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Zhang Jiukai , Zhu Xiaoyan , Luo Fenglei , Sun Chongde , Huang Jianzhen , Li Xian , Chen Kunsong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this article, a simple and efficient protocol for rapid preparation and separation of neohesperidin from the albedo of Citrus reticulata cv. Suavissima was established by the combination of macroporous resin column chromatography and high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC). Six types of resin were investigated by adsorption and desorption tests, and D101 macroporous resin was selected for the first cleaning‐up procedure, in which 55% aqueous ethanol was used to elute neohesperidin. After treatment with D101 resin, the neohesperidin purity increased 11.83‐fold from 4.92% in the crude extract to 58.22% in the resin‐refined sample, with a recovery of 68.97%. The resin‐refined sample was directly subjected to HSCCC purification with a two‐phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate–n‐butanol–water (4:1:5, v/v), and 23.6 mg neohesperidin with 97.47% purity was obtained from 60 mg sample in only one run. The recovery of neohesperidin in HSCCC separation procedure was 65.85%. The chemical structure of the purified neohesperidin was identified by both HPLC and LC‐MS. The established purification process will be helpful for further characterization and utilization of Citrus neohesperidin.
Patterned Growth of Vertically Aligned Polypyrrole Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Xia Lin , Quan Baogang , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA facile strategy for preparing vertically aligned polypyrrole (PPy) nanoarrays with precisely controlled density and quantity is presented. The method involves two steps: (1) the fabrication of the patterned substrate via electron beam lithography and (2) the controlled growth of PPy nanowires via electrochemical polymerization on the patterned substrate. The electrical property of a single PPy nanowire is investigated via in situ conducting probe atomic force microscopy.
Sensitivity of Carbon Nanotubes to the Storage of Stress in Polymers
Authors: Mercader Célia , Jaillet Christèle , Lachman Noa , Zakri Cécile , Maugey Maryse , Wagner Hanoch Daniel , Poulin Philippe 
Published: November 2011

AbstractResidual stress in polymers arises from the freezing of unstable molecular conformations. Residual stress is critical because its relaxation can cause shrinkage, defects, and fractures of polymer materials. The storage of stress is purposely enhanced to develop shape memory materials. Unfortunately, the storage of mechanical stress is still poorly controlled and understood. An approach to sense the storage of stress based on the spectroscopic response of carbon nanotubes is explored. The Raman response of nanotubes exhibits a variable sensitivity to strain when embedded in polymers that have experienced different thermal and mechanical treatments. This unique feature opens up new possibilities for the use of carbon nanotubes as mechanical nanosensors.
Chemically Triggered C–ON Bond Homolysis in Alkoxyamines. Part 2: DFT Investigation and Application of the pH Effect on NMP
Authors: Bagryanskaya Elena , Brémond Paul , Edeleva Mariya , Marque Sylvain R. A. , Parkhomenko Dmitriy , Roubaud Valérie , Siri Didier 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn recent work, a 15‐fold increase in the C–ON bond homolysis rate constant kd of 4‐pyridylethyl‐SG1‐based alkoxyamine was observed upon protonation of the pyridyl moiety in organic solvent. In this report, the pH dependence of kd (pKa = 4.7) is investigated in D2O/CD3OD (v/v 1:1). A 64‐fold increase in kd is observed at acidic pH. Calculations show that the increase in kd upon protonation is due to both an increase in the stabilization of the protonated 4‐pyridylethyl radical and an increase of the destabilization of the starting materials through an increase in the polarity of the alkyl fragment. This new alkoxyamine is applied to NMP of styrene and sodium styrene sulfonate.
Quadruple‐Responsive Nanocomposite Based on Dextran–PMAA–PNIPAM, Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, and Gold Nanorods
Authors: Feng Wenqian , Lv Weipeng , Qi Junjie , Zhang Guoliang , Zhang Fengbao , Fan Xiaobin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA quadruple‐responsive nanocomposite that responds to temperature, pH, magnetic field, and NIR is obtained by incorporating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and gold nanorods (AuNRs) into a dextran‐based smart copolymer network. The dual‐sensitive copolymer is prepared by sequential RAFT polymerization of methacrylic acid and N‐isopropylacrylamide from trithiocarbonate groups linked to dextran in one pot. These functionalized nanocomposites with superior stability can respond to the four stimuli mentioned above well. As evidenced by UV–vis and TEM measurements, the temperature‐induced unusual blue‐shift in the longitudinal plasmon band is possibly due to the side‐to‐side assembly of AuNRs.
Dietary anthocyanin‐rich plants: Biochemical basis and recent progress in health benefits studies
Authors: Tsuda Takanori 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAnthocyanins are one type of flavonoid phytopigment. Although the role of anthocyanins as a functional food factor remains relatively less established than that of other flavonoids, progress in this area has been made at the molecular level in recent years. This review discusses the potential health benefits of plant‐derived anthocyanin‐rich foods, with a focus on the role of anthocyanins in obesity control, diabetes control, cardiovascular disease prevention, and improvement of visual and brain functions, areas that have attracted much attention. Such health benefits are not necessarily derived from the antioxidant effect of anthocyanins, but in fact are produced by currently unestablished chemical properties beyond the antioxidant capacity of the molecules. However, a better understanding of the physiological functionality of anthocyanins remains to be elucidated. It is desirable, therefore, to clarify the molecular type and composition of the anthocyanins that confer specific health benefits and to conduct further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms. The pharmacological actions of anthocyanins could not be fully established without knowledge on the effects of treatment of anthocyanins alone, the effects of non‐anthocyanin components, and the possible interactions between anthocyanin and non‐anthocyanin species.
On adaptively accelerated Arnoldi method for computing PageRank
Authors: Yin Jun‐Feng , Yin Guo‐Jian , Ng Michael 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYA generalized refined Arnoldi method based on the weighted inner product is presented for computing PageRank. The properties of the generalized refined Arnoldi method were studied. To speed up the convergence performance for computing PageRank, we propose to change the weights adaptively where the weights are calculated based on the current residual corresponding to the approximate PageRank vector. Numerical results show that the proposed Arnoldi method converges faster than existing methods, in particular when the damping factor is large. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OVERCOMING A DECADE OF CRISIS: ZIMBABWE'S LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN TRANSITION
Authors: Bland Gary 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThe world's attention has focused on Zimbabwe as the country has moved from the turmoil of the 2008 elections to a tentative democratic transition under the current Inclusive Government. The country's newly elected local authorities and an apparent interest in decentralization have been largely ignored in the process, however. This essay thus provides an extensive, survey‐based examination of local governance in Zimbabwe as of 2009. Four areas are discussed. First, with the growth of the political opposition to the ruling regime, local governance has also suffered from the deep polarization among all the country's institutions. The inexperience of the new local councilors vis‐à‐vis local administration officials also holds significant ramifications. Second, although local officials believe that public participation in decision‐making is strong, citizen involvement is actually quite weak. Third, reeling from the country's 2008 economic crisis, local authorities were operating as best as they could on minimal income and barely functioning in many areas. Financial transfers ended long ago; revenue generation remains poor. Finally, this essay captures the poor state of public services. Achievement of a national democratic consensus, decentralization that actually promotes democratic local governance and strengthening once‐strong local institutional capacity will determine the future progress of local governance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The unfolded protein response is associated with early tau pathology in the hippocampus of tauopathies
Authors: Nijholt Diana AT , van Haastert Elise S , Rozemuller Annemieke JM , Scheper Wiep , Hoozemans Jeroen JM 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe unfolded protein response (UPR) is a stress response activated upon disturbed homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Previously, we reported that the activation of the UPR closely correlates with the presence of phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). As well as increased presence of intracellular p‐tau, AD brains are characterized by extracellular deposits of β amyloid (Aβ). Recent in vitro studies have shown that Aβ can induce ER stress and activation of the UPR. The aim of the present study is to investigate UPR activation in sporadic tauopathies like progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and Pick's disease (PiD), and familial cases with frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP‐17) which carry mutations in the gene encoding for tau (MAPT). The presence of phosphorylated pancreatic ER kinase (pPERK) and phosphorylated inositol requiring enzyme 1α (pIRE1), which are indicative of an activated UPR, was assessed by immunohistochemistry in cases neuropathologically defined as frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau pathology (FTLD‐tau). Increased presence of UPR activation markers pPERK and pIRE1 was observed in neurons and glia in FTLD‐tau cases, in contrast to FTLD subtypes negative for tau pathology or in non‐neurological controls. pPERK and pIRE1 were also prominently present in relatively young carriers of MAPT mutation. A strong association between the presence of UPR activation markers and p‐tau was observed in the hippocampus of FTLD‐tau cases. Double immunohistochemical staining on FTLD‐tau cases revealed that UPR activation is predominantly observed in neurons that show diffuse staining of p‐tau. These data demonstrate that UPR activation is intimately connected with the accumulation and aggregation of p‐tau, and occurs independently from Aβ deposits. Our findings provide new pathological insight into the close association between p‐tau and UPR activation in tauopathies. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myelosuppression and infectious complications in children with down syndrome and acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Rabin Karen R. , Smith Justin , Kozinetz Claudia A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChildren with Down syndrome (DS) bear an increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and treatment complications. We compared blood counts and toxicities in 22 DS and 44 non‐DS ALL patients. Patients with DS had deeper, longer neutrophil and monocyte count nadirs; more toxicities (HR 2.0, P = 0.0005); longer hospitalizations (HR 1.4, P < 0.0001); and more frequent microbiologically documented infections (HR 5.7, P = 0.0019), mucositis (HR 29.0, P = 0.0006), and cellulitis (HR 3.0, P = 0.033). Severe neutropenia, monocytopenia, and increased cellulitis in DS‐ALL suggest the importance of skin hygiene, vigilance and aggressive treatment of cutaneous infections. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 633–635. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.