bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les « vies minuscules » de Léon Tolstoï
Authors: Chavoz Ninon 
Published: May 2024

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Victoire Feuillebois, Maître Tolstoï. L’instituteur dont vous ne voulez pas, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, coll. « Les décalé.e.s », 2024. EAN 9782271150189. 208 p.
Transformational Leadership, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, and Performance Among Lecturers and Administrative Staff: A Multigroup Analysis
Authors: Odha Meditamar Muhd. , Rasmita  , Sujadi Eko 
Published: May 2024

development of educational institutions. Several factors are predicted to affect performance, including transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). This study investigates the direct effect of transformational leadership and OCB on performance. In addition, we also tested the mediating effect of OCB between transformational leadership and performance relationships. The population in this study were all lecturers and administrative staff of Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci, with the status of civil servants totalling 254 people. Based on this number, 152 people who would be the research sample were obtained. Researchers adapted three research scales for data collection: Individual Work Performance (IWP-1.0), the Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Scale, and The Global Transformational Leadership scale (GTL). Hypothesis testing using Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM PLS) through the SmartPLS. The research findings showed a significant effect of transformational leadership and OCB on performance; OCB also has a mediating effect on these relationships. Testing using multigroup analysis proved that there was a significant effect on all genders, but greater significance was found for male respondents. Higher education leaders can begin to consider performance metrics that include OCB as an integral part of faculty and administrative staff performance appraisals. This policy will encourage them to perform with sincerity beyond fulfilling routine tasks. In addition, university leaders also need to display transformative leadership to support the achievement of better performance of lecturers and administrative staff.
Evaluasi Program Tahfizh dalam Mengukur Keberhasilan Menghafal Al-Qur’an di SMPIT Insan Mandiri Greenville Bekasi
Authors: Sastradiharja EE. Junaedi , MS Farizal , Sutisna Endang 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan agarmengetahui mengevaluasi program tahfizh dalam mengukur keberhasilan menghafal Al-Qur’an di SMPIT Insan Mandiri Greenville Bekasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif studi kasus dan alat pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, obsevasi dan studi dokumen. Analisis data menggunakan reduksi, penyajian data dan verifikasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang sudah dilakukan melalu pendekatan kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian yang diwawancarai 4 guru, dan mengamati seluruh peserta didik tahfidz SMPIT Insan Mandiri Greenville Bekasi. Maka disimpulkan bahwa Model evaluasi program Tahfizh Al-Qur’an yang dipergunakan untuk mengukur keberhasilan menghafal Al-Qur’an siswa di SMPIT Insan Mandiri Greenville, adalah menggunakan model evaluasi program CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) yang dikembangkan Daniel Stufflebeam. Karakteristik evaluasi program tahfizh yang dipergunakan dalam mengukur keberhasilan menghafal Al-Qur’an di SMPIT Insan Mandiri Greenville adalah valid, reliabel, relevan, representatif, praktis, deskriminatif, spesifik dan proporsional.Kriteria yang dipergunakan dalam mengukur keberhasilan menghafal Al-Qur’an SMPIT Insan Mandiri Greenville adalah menggunakan standar kuantitatif dan kualitatif, yakni: a. Nilai 5 (baik sekali) program wajibdilanjutkan yaitu skor 81 – 100. b. Nilai 4 (baik) program dapat dilanjutkan yaitu skor 61 – 80. c. Nilai 3 (cukup) programdapatdilanjutkan dengan perbaikan yaitu skor 41 – 60. d. Nilai 2 (kurang) program dilanjutkan dengan mengubahstrategi pelaksanaan yaitu skor 21 – 40. e. Nilai 1 (kurang sekali) program tidak dilanjukan yaitu skor < 21.
The ITLOS Advisory Opinion on Climate Change
Authors: Silverman-Roati Korey , Bönnemann Maxim 
Published: May 2024

On May 21, 2024, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) delivered a long-awaited Advisory Opinion on climate change and international law. This marks the first time that an international tribunal has issued an advisory opinion on State obligations regarding climate change mitigation. The Advisory Opinion addresses several key questions regarding application of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in the context of climate change. There is much to explore in terms of both the content of the ITLOS advisory opinion and its potential implications for global, regional, and local efforts to combat climate change. To facilitate discussion and the exchange of ideas, the Sabin Center's Climate Law Blog and Verfassungsblog are partnering on a blog symposium on the ITLOS opinion. In this first, introductory blog, we outline the background to the advisory opinion and highlight some of the key takeaways from it.
ANÁLISE DO RASTREAMENTO DE CÂNCER DE MAMA AO LONGO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 NO PERÍODO DE 2018 A 2021
Authors: Araújo Esper Ester , Moraes Gomes Jacqueline , Alves Ribeiro Andrea 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de mama feminino é o tipo de câncer mais frequente no país e em todas as regiões brasileiras e, quando diagnosticado precocemente e tratado adequadamente, apresenta bom prognóstico. A pandemia da COVID-19, doença causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV 2, afetou mundialmente o diagnóstico precoce de inúmeras doenças por meio das medidas restritivas para conter a propagação do vírus nos anos de 2020 e 2021, inclusive o diagnóstico do câncer de mama. OBJETIVO: Analisar o impacto da COVID-19 na realização das mamografias no Brasil e suas consequências no diagnóstico precoce do câncer de mama. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e transversal no período de 2018 a 2021. Os dados epidemiológicos foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação do Câncer de Colo de Útero e Mama (SISCAN). RESULTADOS: Em relação à quantidade de mamografias realizadas durante o período de 2018 a 2021, nos anos “pré-pandemia”, a tendência ascendente dos anos anteriores continuou mantendo uma quantidade relativamente estável de mamografias. Entretanto, a chegada da pandemia teve um impacto discernível nas taxas de realização de mamografias. Em 2020, ano de início das medidas restritivas, mostrou queda acentuada de 40% no número total de exames realizados, rompendo a tendência anterior. No ano de 2021, houve um leve aumento do número de mamografias em relação ao ano anterior, não retornando, entretanto, à quantidade de mamografias dos anos que antecedem a pandemia. CONCLUSÃO: Houve impacto significativo da pandemia da COVID-19 na realização de mamografias e, consequentemente, no rastreamento e diagnóstico precoce do câncer de mama.
Mineral Nutrients
Authors: Enig Mary G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMinerals that are essential to life are the source of metals and other inorganic elements involved in the most fundamental processes. For example, oxygen is utilized in the human body with the help of metal complexes. The human skeleton is composed of calcium and phosphorus and traces of other metals. The regulation of body‐fluid volume and acid‐base balance requires sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. Several vitamins contain sulfur, one contains cobalt. Hormones contain iodine, sulfur, and zinc. States of dynamic equilibrium exist for the various mineral nutrients as well as mechanisms whereby a system can adjust to varying amounts of these minerals in diet. In forms usually found in foods, most mineral nutrients are not toxic when ingested orally. RDAs (recommended dietary allowances) can generally be eaten without concern for safety. The essential minerals are classified as either principal elements or trace and ultratrace elements. Principal elements are calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, potassium, chlorine, and magnesium, Trace and ultratrace elements are iron,fluorine, zinc, copper, boron, selenium, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, cobalt, tin, vanadium, nickel, and arsenic. All are discussed in this article.
Molybdenum and Molybdenum Alloys
Authors: Steifel Edward I. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Molybdenum is a key industrial element used both in its pure form as a refractory metal and as a an alloying element in irons and steels. Most of the world's supply comes as a by‐product from copper mining. China, the United States, Chile, and Canada provide about 87% of molybdenum contained in concentrate. Only a quarter comes from primary mines. Molybdenum supply, ore processing to commercial products, and the associated environmental effects are reviewed. Because of its position in the Periodic Table, molybdenum has been linked to chromium or other heavy metals. Unlike these elements, molybdenum and its compounds have relatively low toxicity. Molybdenum has been identified as necessary to plant life. Molybdenum as a refractory metal is used in furnaces and electrodes. Alloys are used for tools, pipelines, and various gears and dies, especially in harsh environments. Molybdenum is playing a larger role in green technology focusing on use in biofuels and ethanol, solar panels, and wind power.
Polymer Brushes
Authors: de Vos Wiebe M. , Mieke Kleijn J. , de Keizer Arie , Cosgrove Terence , Cohen Stuart Martien A. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
A polymer brush can be defined as a dense array of polymers end‐attached to an interface that stretch out into the surrounding medium. Polymer brushes have been investigated for the past 30 years and have shown to be an extremely useful tool to control interfacial properties. This review is intended as an introduction into this very vibrant and diverse topic. We start by giving a clear definition of the polymer brush and we discuss its structure and properties. Next, we give an overview of the wide array of applications of polymer brushes, such as its use to prevent fouling, to stabilize particle suspensions and to reduce friction. We continue by giving an overview of the typical methods to produce polymer brushes, and end by reviewing recent work on the topic of responsive polymer brushes and discussing possible directions for future research.
Effect of the blooming of chemical curatives on the cyclic fatigue life of natural rubber filled with a silanized silica nanofiller
Authors: Saeed F. , Ansarifar A. , Ellis R. J. , Haile‐Meskel Y. , Farid A. S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWhen partly soluble chemical curatives are mixed with raw rubber, they migrate to the rubber surface, which can be detrimental to the rubber properties. Two rubber compounds with different amounts of curatives were prepared by mixing natural rubber with a high loading of precipitated amorphous white silica nanofiller. The silica surfaces were pretreated with bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)‐tetrasulfide coupling agent to chemically adhere silica to the rubber. The chemical bonding between the filler and rubber was optimized via the tetrasulfane groups of bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)‐tetrasulfide by adding accelerator and activator. The rubber compounds were cured and stored at ambient temperature for up to 65 days. One compound showed extensive blooming as a function of storage time. The cyclic fatigue life of the rubber vulcanizates was subsequently measured at a constant strain amplitude and test frequency at ambient temperature. The blooming of the chemical curatives reduced the cyclic fatigue life of the rubber vulcanizate by more than 100%. The migrated chemical curatives produced a thin layer approximately 15 μm in size beneath the rubber surface. When the rubber was stressed repeatedly in the fatigue test, cracks initiated in this layer and subsequently grew, causing the fatigue life of the vulcanizate to decrease. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effects of Fibrillar Aβ1–40 on the Viability of primary Cultures of Cholinergic Neurons and the Expression of Insulin Signaling–Related Proteins
Authors: Du Yi‐Feng , Yan Peng , Guo Shou‐Gang , Qu Chuan‐Qiang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTo investigate the effects of fibrillar Aβ1–40 on the morphology and viability of cholinergic neurons and the involvement of the insulin‐signaling pathway, we established primary cultures of rat basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and observed their responses to treatment with fibrillar Aβ1–40 at different concentrations for different durations. Cell morphology was examined under microscope after immunofluorescence staining for neurofilament protein, cell vitality accessed by the Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and expressions of a panel of insulin signaling–related proteins was detected by Western blot analysis. We show here that, at low concentrations of 0.1–1.0 μmol/L, fibrillar Aβ1–40 had little effects on the cells; however, at higher concentrations of 2–10 μmol/L, it caused pathological changes, decreased the cell viability, and reduced the expression of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate‐I, Protein Kinase B, and B cell lymphoma/leukemia‐2 in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. These results demonstrate that fibrillar Aβ1–40 not only decreases the viability of cholinergic neuron but also down regulates the expression of important proteins in the insulin signal transduction pathway. We speculate that fibrillar Aβ1–40 may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's through disrupting the insulin signaling pathway, therefore decreasing neuronal activity and eventually leading to the apoptosis and cell loss. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Encapsulation and Antitumor Activity of New Betulin Derivatives
Authors: Csuk René , Barthel Alexander , Sczepek Ronny , Siewert Bianka , Schwarz Stefan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNovel betulin derivatives were prepared and tested for their antitumor activity. Starting from 3‐O‐acetyl‐ or 3‐O‐methyl‐betulinic aldehyde, the synthesis of C‐28 ethynyl derivatives was performed; their subsequent transformation with several 1,3‐dipolarophiles afforded pyrazoles and 1,2,3‐triazoles. Their screening for antitumor activity was performed in a panel of 15 human cancer cell lines by a colorimetric SRB‐assay. Thereby, several compounds revealed a higher cytotoxicity than betulinic acid. In addition, the encapsulation of the lead structure7into liposomes was investigated. The results from a dye exclusion test and from DNA laddering experiments provided evidence for an apoptotic cell death.
MicroRNA‐126 regulates DNA methylation in CD4+ T cells and contributes to systemic lupus erythematosus by targeting DNA methyltransferase 1
Authors: Zhao Sha , Wang Yu , Liang Yunsheng , Zhao Ming , Long Hai , Ding Shu , Yin Heng , Lu Qianjin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo identify microRNA genes with abnormal expression in the CD4+ T cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to determine the role of microRNA‐126 (miR‐126) in the etiology of SLE.MethodsMicroRNA expression patterns in CD4+ T cells from patients with SLE and healthy control subjects were analyzed by microRNA microarray and stem loop quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to identify miR‐126 targets. Dnmt1, CD11a, and CD70 messenger RNA and protein levels were determined by real‐time qPCR, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. CD11a, CD70, and EGFL7 promoter methylation levels were detected by bisulfite sequencing. IgG levels in T cell–B cell cocultures were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe expression of 11 microRNA was significantly increased or decreased in CD4+ T cells from patients with SLE relative to that in CD4+ T cells from control subjects. Among these, miR‐126 was up‐regulated, and its degree of overexpression was inversely correlated with Dnmt1 protein levels. We demonstrated that miR‐126 directly inhibits Dnmt1 translation via interaction with its 3′–untranslated region, and that overexpression of miR‐126 in CD4+ T cells can significantly reduce Dnmt1 protein levels. The overexpression of miR‐126 in CD4+ T cells from healthy donors caused the demethylation and up‐regulation of genes encoding CD11a and CD70, thereby causing T cell and B cell hyperactivity. The inhibition of miR‐126 in CD4+ T cells from patients with SLE had the opposite effects. Expression of the miR‐126 host gene EGFL7 was also up‐regulated in CD4+ T cells from patients with SLE, possibly in a hypomethylation‐dependent manner.ConclusionOur data suggest that miR‐126 regulates DNA methylation in CD4+ T cells and contributes to T cell autoreactivity in SLE by directly targeting Dnmt1.
Continuous‐ and discrete‐time fixed‐gain controller designs for the control of vehicle lateral dynamics
Authors: Hsieh Chien‐Shu , Liaw Der‐Cherng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper, fixed‐gain feedback linearization controls are presented to stabilize the vehicle lateral dynamics at bifurcation points for both continuous‐time and discrete‐time cases. Based on the assumption of constant driving speed, a second‐order nonlinear lateral dynamics model is adopted for controller design. Via the feedback linearization scheme and the first‐order Taylor series expansion, a time‐invariant feedback linearization control is proposed as a fixed‐gain linear version of the previously proposed nonlinear one. Furthermore, the conventional linear quadratic regulator (LQR) design is applied to facilitate the choice of the fixed‐gain matrix. Refined controls to compensate the model uncertainty and their local stability analysis are provided. Extension of the continuous‐time design results to discrete‐time cases is also addressed. Numerical simulations for an example model demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed continuous‐time and discrete‐time design results.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
An ILC scheme for a class of nonlinear continuous‐time systems with time‐iteration‐varying parameters subject to second‐order internal model
Authors: Yin Chenkun , Xu Jian‐Xin , Hou Zhongsheng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper, a new iterative learning control (ILC) scheme is proposed to deal with unknown time‐iteration‐varying parameters for a class of nonlinear continuous‐time systems. The parametric non‐repetitiveness in the iteration domain is described by a second‐order internal model, which includes systems with iteration‐invariant parameters as a subset. By incorporating the internal model into the parametric learning law, the proposed ILC scheme can handle more generic systems with parametric uncertainties, and includes existing ILC schemes as a special case with the first‐order internal model. The conditions under which the new ILC scheme can guarantee learning convergence are delicately explored. Utilizing the information of the previous two iterations and the method of composite energy function (CEF), it is able to derive pointwise convergence along the time axis and asymptotic convergence along the iteration axis. The controller design is further extended to the case for systems with mixed parameters and unknown time‐varying input gain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Dynamic inversion control for a class of pure‐feedback systems
Authors: Gao Dao‐Xiang , Sun Zeng‐Qi , Liu Jin‐Hao 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA dynamic inversion control method is proposed for a class of pure‐feedback nonlinear systems. By combing the back‐steeping control method with the singular perturbation theory, the virtual and the final actual control inputs are derived from the solutions of a series of fast dynamical equations. Stability analysis shows that the system output tracks the desired trajectory with bounded errors, which can be made arbitrarily small by choosing appropriate design parameters. Tracking performance is illustrated by simulation results.© 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Quantification of both the presence, and oxidation state, of Mn in Bacillus atrophaeus spores and its imparting of magnetic susceptibility to the spores
Authors: Sun Jianxin , Zborowski Maciej , Chalmers Jeffrey J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBacillus atrophaeus spores were previously reported to have significant magnetic susceptibility in a magnetic field due to the presence of Mn. However, relatively little is known about the total amount and distribution of the oxidation state of Mn associated with this specific strain's spores. Using the instrument, cell tracking velocimetry (CTV) both magnetically induced velocity and settling velocity was quantitatively measured. Visual observations, and calculated diameter using previously reported densities, indicate that the spores are present in the form of clusters of approximately 3–6 µm. Treatment of these clusters with EDTA or pH of 2.0 or below resulted in not only the disruption of the spore clusters, but also a significant decrease in magnetic susceptibility, in some cases by almost two orders of magnitude. Since the magnetic susceptibility of Mn varies significantly between the three typically reported valance states of Mn, Mn(II), Mn(III), and Mn(IV); X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS, was used to determined the valance states of Mn in the spores. This XPS analysis, which penetrates up to 10 nm into the spore, returned the following fractions: 0.41, 0.38, and 0.21 for the valance states: Mn(II), Mn(III), and Mn(IV), respectively. The total mass of Mn associated with each spore cluster was determined by ICP‐MS. A second, completely independent estimate of Mn mass associated with each spore cluster was made, by mathematically solving for the amount of Mn per spore cluster using the experimentally measured magnetophoretic mobility and the magnetic susceptibility of each of the three valence states from the XPS analysis. IPC‐MS returned a value of 3.28 × 10−11 g of Mn per spore cluster while the calculated estimation from mobility and XPS analysis retuned a value of 1.16 × 10−11 g, which given the complexity of the two techniques, is a reasonable agreement. Finally, a discussion of potential applications of the magnetic properties of these spores is presented. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1119–1129. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Amines and Amino Acids by Enzyme–Metal Cocatalysis
Authors: Kim Yunwoong , Park Jaiwook , Kim Mahn‐Joo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMethods for the conversion of racemates to single enantiomers are of great importance in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. Enzymatic kinetic resolution has been most frequently applied for such a conversion. It is particularly useful in preparing both R and S enantiomers at the same time. However, if one enantiomer is needed, the other should be recycled via racemization to enable high yields. Over the last two decades, in situ racemization of the unwanted enantiomers has been intensively studied with the development of metal‐based catalysts. Metal‐catalyzed racemization can be coupled with enzymatic kinetic resolution for the dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic amines and amino acids, which provides single enantiomeric products with yields approaching 100 %. Recent developments in this field are summarized with focus on metal catalysts for racemization.