bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal nuchal translucency thickness evaluation in the overweight and obese gravida
Authors: Thornburg L. L. , Mulconry M. , Post A. , Carpenter A. , Grace D. , Pressman E. K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the time required and failure rate for completion of nuchal translucency thickness (NT) measurements with increased maternal body mass index (BMI).MethodsThis was a retrospective review of ultrasound examinations for NT measurement in 11–14‐week singleton pregnancies performed at a single site from 2004 to 2007. Women were stratified by prepregnancy BMI into normal weight (BMI, 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI, 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and obese Class I (BMI, 30.0–34.9 kg/m2), Class II (BMI, 35.0–39.9 kg/m2) and Class III (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2) groups. The failure rate, the time required for measurement, and the total study time in min were evaluated by BMI class for the first attempt and for all attempts at NT measurement.ResultsA total of 2508 women underwent attempted NT screening with complete data available on 1678 women (1707 examinations). The failure rate for NT screening varied significantly according to BMI (P < 0.001). At the first attempt, the median time for NT measurement varied significantly according to BMI (normal weight group, 9.7 (interquartile range (IQR) 4.4, 19.0) min; overweight group, 8.8 (4.0, 19.8) min; obese Class I, 9.6 (4.8, 20.4) min; Class II, 14.1 (5.0, 28.2) min; Class III, 12.3 (4.6, 22.7) min; P < 0.01), as did the total study time (normal group, 16.4 (10.1, 26.6) min; overweight group, 15.7 (9.8, 25.0) min, Class I, 17.3 (10.3, 29.2) min; Class II, 23.0 (12.2, 36.1) min; Class III, 18.7 (11.0, 30.8) min; P = 0.002). For all attempts also, the median time for NT measurement varied significantly according to BMI (normal weight group, 9.7 (IQR 4.4, 19.0) min; overweight group, 8.8 (4.0, 19.9) min; obese Class I, 9.6 (4.8, 21.0) min; Class II, 14.1 (5.0, 28.7) min; Class III, 12.3 (4.6, 22.5) min; P < 0.01), as did the total study time (normal weight group, 16.4 (10.2, 26.7) min; overweight group, 15.7 (9.8, 25.1) min; Class I, 17.6 (10.4, 29.9) min; Class II, 23.2 (12.0, 37.5) min; Class III, 18.7 (11.9, 31.9) min; P < 0.001).ConclusionAs maternal BMI increases, the time required to obtain NT measurements and the failure rate increase. Before the ultrasound examination, patients with a BMI over 30 should be counseled regarding the need for additional time and failure rates for first‐trimester screening. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility and reliability of Doppler flow recordings in the fetal aortic isthmus: a multicenter evaluation
Authors: Fouron J.‐C. , Siles A. , Montanari L. , Morin L. , Ville Y. , Mivelaz Y. , Proulx F. , Bureau N. , Bigras J.‐L. , Brassard M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of three different centers with respect to their ability to identify the fetal aortic isthmus (AoI) adequately and place a Doppler sample volume in the AoI correctly, and to address the reproducibility of the isthmic flow index (IFI) calculated from Doppler waveforms recorded in the three centers.MethodsThe three collaborating centers sent several ultrasonographic recordings taken at random over a 6‐week period to the Saint‐Justine Fetal Cardiology Unit (StJ‐FCU). A performance quotient ((number of total readings − number of unsatisfactory results)/number of total readings) was calculated for each center by each of three judges, who were experienced fetal cardiologists, to assess the ability of each center to identify the isthmus and to place the Doppler sample volume (DSV) adequately. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were computed to quantify the variability of IFI measurements ((systolic + diastolic)/systolic flow velocity integrals).ResultsFifty‐five recordings were available for this study. Concerning isthmus identification, there was 100% agreement between the three judges from StJ‐FCU and the performance quotients of Centers A, B and C were: 0.90, 0.95 and 1.00, respectively. For DSV positioning, agreement between the judges varied; for Judge 1 vs. Judge 2, kappa = 0.836 (95% CI, 0.651–1.000); for Judge 1 vs. Judge 3, kappa = 0.773 (95% CI, 0.557–1.000); for Judge 2 vs. Judge 3, kappa = 0.941 (95% CI, 0.805–1.000). The performance quotients of the three centers for DSV positioning were consistently lower than were those for identification of the isthmus, being 0.85, 0.76 and 0.92, respectively. The ICC between the first and second measurements of the IFI by Rater 1 was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93–0.98, P < 0.001) and that between Raters 1 and 2 was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95–0.99, P < 0.001).ConclusionAdequate imaging of the fetal AoI can be achieved easily by a trained sonographer, while DSV positioning is challenging. The intra‐ and interrater variability of the IFI are low. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating dynamic stall in a two‐dimensional vertical‐axis wind turbine: verification and validation with particle image velocimetry data
Authors: Simão Ferreira C. J. , van Zuijlen A. , Bijl H. , van Bussel G. , van Kuik G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe implementation of wind energy conversion systems in the built environment has renewed the interest and the research on Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs).The VAWT has an inherent unsteady aerodynamic behavior due to the variation of angle of attack and perceived velocity with azimuth angle. The phenomenon of dynamic stall is then an intrinsic effect of the operation at low tip speed ratios, impacting both loads and power.The complexity of the problem and the need for new design approaches for VAWTs for the built environment have driven the authors to focus this research on the CFD modeling of VAWTs on:

Comparing the results between commonly used turbulence models: Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier‐Stokes – URANS (Spalart‐Allmaras and k‐ϵ) and large eddy models (Large Eddy Simulation and Detached Eddy Simulation).
Verifying the sensitivity of the model to its grid refinement (space and time).
Evaluating the suitability of using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experimental data for model validation.

The current work investigates the impact of accurately modeling the separated shed wake resulting from dynamic stall, and the importance of validation of the flow field rather than validation with only load data.The structure and magnitude of the wake are validated with PIV results, and it demonstrated that the accuracy of the different models in simulating a correct wake structure has a large impact in loads.
Technological features of ‘gnathia’ pottery
Authors: Mangone A. , Giannossa L. C. , Eramo G. , Laviano R. , Fioriello C. S. , Redavid V. , Traini A. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract‘Gnathia’ pottery samples, dating back to the mid‐fourth and third century BC, from the archaeological site of Egnazia (Fasano, Brindisi, Italy) have been characterised from the physical‐chemical, mineralogical and morphological points of view. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses have been carried out on the ceramic body, black gloss, white, yellow and red over‐paintings of fragments, with the aim of outlining technological features and defining the nature of coatings and decorations. Analytical results confirm from both a technological and morphological/decorative point of view the close relationship between ‘Gnathia’ pottery and red figured pottery, particularly with the Apulian red figured from which it takes its inspiration. At the same time the experimental results highlight shared characteristics and differences with both Attic and Apulian red figured productions. The biggest difference is in the utilisation of the ‘ingobbio rosso’ layer that covers the ceramic body. This does not seem to be based on aesthetic grounds, as in the case of Apulian red figured pottery, but on application of acquired production processes, since ‘Gnathia’ pottery was made in the same workshops as red figured pottery. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First experimental result with fluorescent X‐ray CT based on sheet‐beam geometry
Authors: Huo Qingkai , Sato Hidenori , Yuasa Tetsuya , Akatsuka Takao , Wu, Jin , Lwin Thet‐Thet , Takeda Tohoru , Hyodo Kazuyuki 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFluorescent X‐ray computed tomography (FXCT) enables us to reveal the cross‐sectional distribution of very low concentration of specific elements, e.g. I, Gd, or Au, in biomedical samples at a spatial resolution of several hundred micrometers, and it has been used to evaluate the states of cerebral perfusion and fatty acid metabolic function of small animals in vivo and ex vivo. However, since the current system employs the data‐acquisition scheme of the first‐generation type of CT, it requires a huge amount of time to obtain a whole set of projections. In order to overcome the problem, we propose a novel imaging geometry using a sheet incident beam. We performed a proof‐of‐concept experiment using a preliminary imaging system constructed at beam line BLNE‐5A, KEK. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated by the reconstructed images of a physical phantom containing various concentrations of iodine solution and a mouse brain that is extracted after intravenous injection of 127I‐IMP for observing the cerebral perfusion and then fixed with formalin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychosocial Impact of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis on Young Adults: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mireskandari Shab , Sangster Jennifer , Meiser Bettina , Thewes Belinda , Groombridge Claire , Spigelman Allan , Andrews Lesley 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore in detail the psychosocial impact of either having familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or being at risk for FAP amongst young adults. In‐depth interviews were conducted with eleven individuals aged 18–35 with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of, or at risk of developing FAP. While being at risk did not seem to have a major psychosocial impact upon clinically unaffected participants, clinically affected individuals discussed a number of major stressors including issues in relation to changes in body image and physical functioning as a result of surgery, concerns about discussing FAP with new partners, difficulties in relation to childbearing decision‐making, and impact on employment. Genetic counseling was described as being highly effective in providing support, but most participants were not aware of any other support services. Providing longer‐term support through ongoing genetic counseling appears necessary to adequately address the ongoing challenges faced by young adults who are dealing with FAP.
Karma, reincarnation, and medicine: Hindu perspectives on biomedical research
Authors: Hutchinson Janis Faye , Sharp Richard 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Prior to the completion of the Human Genome Project, bioethicists and other academics debated the impact of this new genetic information on medicine, health care, group identification, and peoples’ lives. A major issue is the potential for unintended and intended adverse consequences to groups and individuals. When conducting research in, for instance, American Indian and Alaskan native (AI/AN) populations, political, cultural, religious and historical issues must be considered. Among African Americans, the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment is a reminder of racism and discrimination in this country. The goal of the current study is to understand reasons for participating, or not, in genetic research such as the HapMap project and other genetic/medical research from the perspective of the Indian American community in Houston, Texas. In this article, we report on a topic central to this discussion among Indian Americans: karma and reincarnation. Both concepts are important beliefs when considering the body and what should happen to it. Karma and reincarnation are also important considerations in participation in medical and genetic research because, according to karma, what is done to the body can affect future existences and the health of future descendants. Such views of genetic and medical research are culturally mediated. Spiritual beliefs about the body, tissue, and fluids and what happens to them when separated from the body can influence ideas about the utility and acceptability of genetic research and thereby affect the recruitment process. Within this community it is understood that genetic and environmental factors contribute to complex diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer; and acknowledgment of the significance of environmental stressors in the production of disease. A commitment to service, i.e. “betterment of humanity,” karmic beliefs, and targeting environmental stressors could be prominent avenues for public health campaigns in this population. This study suggests that minority status does not automatically indicate unwillingness to participate in genetic or medical research. Indian Americans were not skeptical about the potential benefits of biomedical research in comparison to other ethnic minority communities in the United States.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Roller Nanoimprint Process: Adhesion and Other Mechanical Characteristics
Authors: Wu Cheng-Da , Lin Jen-Fin , Fang Te-Hua 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations using tight-binding many body potential are carried out to study the roller imprint process of a gold single crystal. The effect of the roller tooth’s taper angle, imprint depth, imprint temperature, and imprint direction on the imprint force, adhesion, stress distribution, and strain are investigated. A two-stage roller imprint process was obtained from an imprint force curve. The two-stage imprint process included the imprint forming with a rapid increase of imprint force and the unloading stage combined with the adhesion stage. The results show that the imprint force and adhesion rapidly increase with decreasing taper angle and increasing imprint depth. The magnitude of the maximum imprint force and the time at which this maximum occurs are proportional to the imprint depth, but independent of the taper angle. In a comparison of the imprint mechanisms with a vertical imprint case, while high stress and strain regions are concentrated below the mold for vertical imprint, they also occur around the mold in the case of roller imprint. The regions were only concentrated on the substrate atoms underneath the mold in vertical imprint. Plastic flow increased with increasing imprint temperature.
Growth of Comb-like ZnO Nanostructures for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Applications
Authors: Umar Ahmad 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated by using well-crystallized ZnO nanocombs directly grown onto the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) via noncatalytic thermal evaporation process. The thin films of as-grown ZnO nanocombs were used as photoanode materials to fabricate the DSSCs, which exhibited an overall light to electricity conversion efficiency of 0.68% with a fill factor of 34%, short-circuit current of 3.14 mA/cm2, and open-circuit voltage of 0.671 V. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report in which thin film of ZnO nanocombs was used as photoanode materials to fabricate the DSSCs.
Density of hyperbolicity and tangencies in sectional dissipative regions
Authors: Sambarino Martin , Pujals Enrique R. 
Published: May 2009

In this paper we extend the notion of sectionally dissipative periodic points to arbitrarily compact invariant sets. We show that given a sectionally dissipative and attracting region for a diffeomorphisms

f

, there is a neighborhood of

f

and a dense subset of it such that any diffeomorphism

g

in this dense subset either exhibits a sectional dissipative homoclinic tangency or the part of the limit set of

g

in this attracting region is a hyperbolic compact set. The proof goes extending some results on dominated splitting obtained for compact surfaces maps.

Résumé

Dans cet article nous étendons la notion de points périodiques sectionnellement dissipatifs à des ensembles compacts invariants quelconques. Nous montrons qu'ayant une région sectionnellement dissipative et attrayante pour un difféomorphisme

f

, il y a un voisinage de

f

et un sous-ensemble dense de celui-ci tels que tout difféomorphisme

g

dans ce sous-ensemble a une tangence homoclinique sectionnellement dissipative oú la partie de l'ensemble limite de

g

dans la région attrayante est un ensembe compact hyperbolique. La preuve est une géneralisation des résultats obtenus pour des difféomorphismes de surfaces.
Identifying tumor stem‐like cells in mouse melanoma cell lines by analyzing the characteristics of side population cells
Authors: Dou Jun , Wen Ping , Hu Weihua , Li Yating , Wu Yun , Liu Chunsheng , Zhao Fengshu , Hu Kai , Wang Jing , Jiang Chuilian , He Xiangfeng , Gu Ning 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIncreasingly more evidence shows that TSCs possess the characteristics of stem‐like cells. However, a link between stem cells and TSCs remains to be shown. We have sorted SP cells and non‐SP cells from the B16F10 cell lines by FACS, and then studied their cellular biological characteristics by using a SFCM culture method, proliferative assay in vitro, clone formation assays in soft agar and normal media, tumorigenic assays in C57BL/6 mice, and resistance to chemotherapy assay in vitro, the quantitative detecting expression of ABCG2 and their CD phenotype analysis by a FCM. We detected 0.96% SP cells in the B16F10 cells and found that they had obvious differences in characteristics from non‐SP cells. They possessed a marked capacity for self‐renewal in soft agar and culture medium, strong tumorigenic potential in C57BL/6 mice, apparent resistance to vinblastin in vitro, upregulated ABCG2 expression, and a high expression of CD44+CD133+CD24+ phenotypes. We conclude that there were a few of SP cells that had the characteristics of tumor stem‐like cells which may provide a useful tool and a readily accessible source for further study when specific TSCs markers are unknown.
Using the intact hand for objective assessment of phantom hand‐perception
Authors: Sumitani Masahiko , Yozu Arito , Tomioka Toshiya , Yamada Yoshitsugu , Miyauchi Satoru 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAfter amputation, most patients experience a phenomenon known as a phantom limb (PL). A variety of PL experiences appear to be associated with neural plasticity within the CNS. However, due to the subjective nature of PL experiences, there was no definitive way to reliably assess PL experiences other than using patients’ direct reports. Here, we were able to obtain patients’ indirect responses to PL experiences, for a more objective evaluation. First, we conducted a study with normals and 17 non‐PL patients experiencing pathological pain in one hand. We took digital photographs of their affected and unaffected hands, altered the sizes of the images digitally, and then asked each subject to choose the image that most closely matched the actual size of their own hands (from a series of images presented on a video screen). Subjective size perceptions of the hands were homologous, regardless of the pathological condition of one hand (p < 0.0001, Spearman R2= 0.82). Next, we used the same method for total 19 patients with a phantom hand. The intact hand‐size perception was linearly correlated with phantom hand‐size perception (weighted linear regression analysis: p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.75, adjusted R2 = 0.73, F‐value = 50.1, degree of freedom = 18). Thus, without requiring a subjective description about PL, the patients’ evaluation of the intact hand‐size precisely but indirectly indicated whether the PL was perceived to be telescoped (shrunken), normal or enlarged. This more objective evaluation of PL phenomena could become a key tool for disentangling the neural mechanisms involved.
Feline Panleukopenia: ABCD Guidelines on Prevention and Management
Authors: Truyen Uwe , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Horzinek Marian C 
Published: May 2009

Overview Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) infects all felids as well as raccoons, mink and foxes. This pathogen may survive in the environment for several months and is highly resistant to some disinfectants.Infection Transmission occurs via the faecal-oral route. Indirect contact is the most common route of infection, and FPV may be carried by fomites (shoes, clothing), which means indoor cats are also at risk. Intrauterine virus transmission and infection of neonates can occur.Disease signs Cats of all ages may be affected by FPV, but kittens are most susceptible. Mortality rates are high - over 90% in kittens. Signs of disease include diarrhoea, lymphopenia and neutropenia, followed by thrombocytopenia and anaemia, immunosuppression (transient in adult cats), cerebellar ataxia (in kittens only) and abortion.Diagnosis Feline panleukopenia virus antigen is detected in faeces using commercially available test kits. Specialised laboratories carry out PCR testing on whole blood or faeces. Serological tests are not recommended, as they do not distinguish between infection and vaccination.Disease management Supportive therapy and good nursing significantly decrease mortality rates. In cases of enteritis, parenteral administration of a broad-spectrum antibiotic is recommended. Disinfectants containing sodium hypochlorite (bleach), peracetic acid, formaldehyde or sodium hydroxide are effective.
Chlamydophila Felis Infection: ABCD Guidelines on Prevention and Management
Authors: Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C 
Published: May 2009

OverviewChlamydophila felis is a Gram-negative bacterium and its primary target is the conjunctiva. The bacterium does not survive outside the host. Infection Transmission requires close contact between cats; ocular secretions are probably the most important body fluid for infection. Most cases occur in cats under 1 year of age. Chlamydophila felis is the infectious organism most frequently associated with conjunctivitis. Disease signs Unilateral ocular disease generally progresses to become bilateral. There can be intense conjunctivitis with extreme hyperaemia of the nictitating membrane, blepharospasm and ocular discomfort. Transient fever, inappetence and weight loss may occur shortly after infection, although most cats remain well and continue to eat. Diagnosis PCR techniques are now preferred for diagnosing C felis infection. Ocular swabs are generally used. In unvaccinated cats, antibody detection can be used to indicate infection. Disease management Tetracyclines are generally regarded as the antibiotics of choice. Doxycycline has the advantage of requiring only single daily administration and is given at a dose of 10 mg/kg orally. Vaccination should be considered if there is a history of confirmed chlamydial disease in a shelter. Single housing and routine hygiene measures should suffice to avoid cross-infection. Cats maintained together for longer terms should be vaccinated regularly. In breeding catteries where C felis infection is endemic, the first step should be to treat all cats with doxycycline for at least 4 weeks. Once clinical signs have been controlled, the cats should be vaccinated.