bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The number of cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ T cells is markedly expanded in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and determines the total CD4+ T-cell repertoire
Authors: Pourgheysari Batoul , Bruton Rachel , Parry Helen , Billingham Lucinda , Fegan Chris , Murray Jim , Moss Paul 
Published: June 2010

AbstractB-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with immune suppression and an altered T-cell repertoire with expansion of memory cells. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpes virus that elicits a strong virus-specific T-cell immune response after infection. We studied the CMV-specific CD4+ T-cell response in 45 patients and 35 control subjects and demonstrated that it was markedly expanded in the patient group, averaging 11% of the CD4+ pool compared with 4.7% in controls. The magnitude of the CMV-specific CD4+ immune response increased with disease stage and was particularly high in patients who received chemotherapy. Within this group, the CMV-specific response comprised over 46% of the CD4+ T-cell repertoire in some patients. Serial analysis revealed that CMV-specific immunity increased during treatment with chemotherapy and remained stable thereafter. CMV-seropositive patients exhibited a markedly altered CD4+ T-cell repertoire with increased numbers of CD45R0+ T cells and a reduction in CD27, CD28, and CCR7 expression. Overall survival was reduced by nearly 4 years in CMV-seropositive patients, although this did not reach statistical significance. CLL patients therefore demonstrate an expansion of the CD4+ CMV-specific immune response, which is likely to contribute to the immunological and clinical features of this disease.
Prognostic impact of monosomal karyotype in young adult and elderly acute myeloid leukemia: the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) experience
Authors: Medeiros Bruno C. , Othus Megan , Fang Min , Roulston Diane , Appelbaum Frederick R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMonosomal karyotype (MK), defined as 2 or more monosomies, or a single monosomy in the presence of structural abnormalities, has recently been reported as identifying a distinct subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with an extremely poor prognosis. In an effort to confirm this observation, we analyzed the prognostic impact of MK in 1344 AML patients between the ages of 16 and 88 years treated on Southwest Oncology Group protocols. MK was found in 176 (13%) patients. The proportion of patients with MK increased with age, being present in 4% of patients age 30 or younger, but in 20% of those over age 60. Ninety-eight percent of MK cases were within the unfavorable cytogenetic risk category and comprised 40% of this group. The complete remission rate in patients with unfavorable cytogenetics without MK was 34% versus 18% with MK (P < .01). The 4-year overall survival of patients with unfavorable cytogenetics but without MK was 13% in contrast to a 4-year survival of only 3% with MK (P < .01). Thus, MK defines a sizeable subset of patients with unfavorable cytogenetics who have a particularly poor prognosis.
Interaction between KIR3DS1 and HLA-Bw4 predicts for progression-free survival after autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Gabriel Ian H. , Sergeant Ruhena , Szydlo Richard , Apperley Jane F. , deLavallade Hugues , Alsuliman Abdullah , Khoder Ahmad , Marin David , Kanfer Edward , Cooper Nichola , Davis John , MacDonald Donald , Bua Marco , Foroni Letizia , Giles Chrissy , Milojkovic Dragana , Rahemtulla Amin , Rezvani Katayoun 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells exert antimyeloma cytotoxicity. The balance between inhibition and activation of NK-cells played by the inherited repertoire of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes therefore may influence prognosis. One hundred eighty-two patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were analyzed for KIR repertoire. Multivariate analysis showed that progression-free survival (PFS) after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) was significantly shorter for patients who are KIR3DS1+ (P = .01). This was most evident for patients in complete or partial remission (good risk; GR) at ASCT. The relative risk (RR) of progression or death for patients with KIR3DS1+ compared with KIR3DS1− was 1.9 (95% CI, 1.3-3.1; P = .002). The most significant difference in PFS was observed in patients with GR KIR3DS1+ in whom HLA-Bw4, the ligand for the corresponding inhibitory receptor KIR3DL1, was missing. Patients with KIR3DS1+KIR3DL1+HLA-Bw4− had a significantly shorter PFS than patients who were KIR3DS1−, translating to a difference in median PFS of 12 months (12.2 vs 24 months; P = .002). Our data show that KIR–human leukocyte antigen immunogenetics represent a novel prognostic tool for patients with myeloma, shown here in the context of ASCT, and that KIR3DS1 positivity may identify patients at greater risk of progression.
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α in human emphysema lung tissue
Authors: Yasuo M. , Mizuno S. , Kraskauskas D. , Bogaard H.J. , Natarajan R. , Cool C.D. , Zamora M. , Voelkel N.F. 
Published: June 2010

The pathobiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α in lung tissue from patients with COPD/emphysema.Lung tissue samples from 26 patients were included in this study. Seven samples were obtained from patients with normal lung function, the remainder of the samples were taken from patients with moderate COPD (n = 6; stage I and II Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease classification) and severe COPD (n = 13; stage III and IV).We analysed mRNA and protein expression in the lung tissue samples and found that: 1) HIF-1α and histone deacetylase 2 proteins were significantly decreased and were correlated; 2) HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted were correlated in all patients; 3) the changes in VEGF and HIF-1α protein levels in all patients were not age-related and not related to the pack-yr smoking history; and 4) the reduced HIF-1α protein expression was seen in lung endothelial cells and alveolar septal cells by immunohistochemistry.In conclusion, reduced expression of HIF-1α protein in severe COPD is consistent with the concept of a lung structure maintenance programme which is impaired on a molecular level.
Cyanide in bronchoalveolar lavage is not diagnostic forPseudomonas aeruginosain children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Stutz M.D. , Gangell C.L. , Berry L.J. , Garratt L.W. , Sheil B. , Sly P.D. 
Published: June 2010

Early detection of the cyanobacteriumPseudomonas aeruginosain the lungs of young children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is considered the key to delaying chronic pulmonary disease. We investigated whether cyanide in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid could be used as an early diagnostic biomarker of infection.Cyanide was measured in 226 BAL samples (36P. aeruginosainfected) obtained from 96 infants and young children with CF participating in an early surveillance programme involving annual BAL.Cyanide was detected in 97.2% ofP. aeruginosainfected and 60.5% of uninfected samples. Cyanide concentrations were significantly higher in BALs infected withP. aeruginosa(median (25th–75th percentile) 27.3 (22.1–33.3) μM) than those which were not (17.2 (7.85–23.0) μM, p<0.001). The best sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were obtained with a cut-off concentration of 20.6 μM, and were 83%, 66%, 32% and 96%, respectively. Neutrophil number in BAL was a significant predictor of cyanide concentration (p<0.001).Cyanide concentration can distinguish betweenP. aeruginosainfected and uninfected BALs as a group, but not individually; therefore, cyanide is a poor diagnostic biomarker ofP. aeruginosainfection. Cyanide levels in BAL are related to the level of neutrophilic inflammation.
Forced vital capacity paired with Framingham Risk Score for prediction of all-cause mortality
Authors: Lee H.M. , Le H. , Lee B.T. , Lopez V.A. , Wong N.D. 
Published: June 2010

Forced vital capacity (FVC) measures lung function and predicts coronary heart disease (CHD); whether it provides additive prediction over CHD risk factors has not been established. We examined whether FVC adds to the prediction of all-cause mortality provided by Framingham Risk Score (FRS) alone.We examined 5,485 (61.1 million projected) nonsmoking adults from the USA who were aged 20–79 yrs. Subjects were from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were without obstructive lung disease, had FVC measurements and had ≤12 yrs (mean 8.8 yrs) mortality follow-up. We performed Cox regression analysis to examine whether FVC and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (categorised as low ≤85% predicted, borderline 86–94% predicted and normal ≥95% predicted) within FRS groups (10-yr risk of cardiovascular disease low <10%, intermediate 10–20%, high 20%) predict mortality. Receiver operator characteristic analysis examined whether FVC and FEV1added to the prediction provided by FRS.Low-, intermediate- and high-risk FRS groups had 79.5% (n = 4,361), 10.1% (n = 555) and 10.4% (n = 569) persons, respectively. Only the intermediate FRS group showed a graded increase in mortality (10.7, 18.2 and 42.8% per 1,000 person-yrs from highest to lowest FVC categories, respectively); those with low FVC had an almost three-fold greater risk of mortality (hazard ratio 2.64; p<0.01) than those with normal FVC. FVC provided incremental additive value for predicting mortality in addition to FRS for only this group (area under curve 0.65versus0.58; p<0.05). Similar results were obtained for FEV1.Evaluation of lung function may be useful to improve risk stratification in persons with intermediate CHD risk where it adds to prediction of mortality over global risk assessment.
Multiple mesodermal lineage differentiation of Apodemus sylvaticus embryonic stem cells in vitro
Authors: Wang Tao , Mao Frank Fuxiang , Lai Wenyu , Li Weiqiang , Yu Weihua , Wang Zifei , Zhang Lirong , Zhang Jinli , Niu Jin , Zhang Xiuming , Lahn Bruce T , Xiang Andy Peng 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Embryonic stem (ES) cells have attracted significant attention from researchers around the world because of their ability to undergo indefinite self-renewal and produce derivatives from the three cell lineages, which has enormous value in research and clinical applications. Until now, many ES cell lines of different mammals have been established and studied. In addition, recently, AS-ES1 cells derived from Apodemus sylvaticus were established and identified by our laboratory as a new mammalian ES cell line. Hence further research, in the application of AS-ES1 cells, is warranted.

Results
Herein we report the generation of multiple mesodermal AS-ES1 lineages via embryoid body (EB) formation by the hanging drop method and the addition of particular reagents and factors for induction at the stage of EB attachment. The AS-ES1 cells generated separately in vitro included: adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and cardiomyocytes. Histochemical staining, immunofluorescent staining and RT-PCR were carried out to confirm the formation of multiple mesodermal lineage cells.

Conclusions
The appropriate reagents and culture milieu used in mesodermal differentiation of mouse ES cells also guide the differentiation of in vitro AS-ES1 cells into distinct mesoderm-derived cells. This study provides a better understanding of the characteristics of AS-ES1 cells, a new species ES cell line and promotes the use of Apodemus ES cells as a complement to mouse ES cells in future studies.
Engineering of the Redox Ribozyme for the Determination of Its Architecture
Authors: Pattnaik Swetansu B , Jin Koichiro , Futai Kazuki , Suga Hiroaki 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Here we report engineering efforts on an artificially evolved redox ribozyme, known as ribox02, and its more compact pseudoknot construct generated, combox02. The rigorous mutational works in the various regions suggested that the catalytically essential domain composed of three joining regions flanked by three stems. The architecture of combox02 can be an excellent framework for constructing libraries by randomizing sequences in this region for in vitro selection of novel ribozymes capable of catalyzing various chemical conversions of 5′-substrates.
Spray Solution pH and Glyphosate Activity
Authors: Penner Donald , Michael Jan 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
It was hypothesized 110 years ago that substances that dissolve in lipids pass more easily into cells than those that dissolve in water. Thus, weak acids such as glyphosate should more readily pass through the non-polar plant cuticle in the non-dissociated, more non-polar form. The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis in a series of studies in the greenhouse involving three weed species. The pH of the glyphosate spray solution was varied between 1.5 and 6. The glyphosate activity on giant foxtail, common lambsquarters, and velvetleaf (pH) was not affected by pH values between 1.5 and 6 when adjusted with hydrochloric acid (HCl). If diammonium sulfate, was also present, the results were similar; however, the glyphosate activity on velvetleaf was much greater. If the pH was lowered with sulfuric acid, H2SO4, an increase in the glyphosate activity on velvetleaf became evident as the pH was lowered from 6.0 to 1.5. This was attributed to the water conditioning effect of the SO4= in hard water. With tank-mixing glyphosate with 1 % NT®NT (N TANK) is a product of Adjuvants Plus, Kingsville, Ontario, Canada N9Y 255., a proprietary blend of surfactants and monocarbamide, which lowered the pH to 2.0, the water conditioning benefit of NT was decreased on velvetleaf as the pH was raised from 2.0 to 7.0. In summary, the hypothesis was disproved with respect to glyphosate.
English Ivy (Hederaspp., Araliaceae) Response to Goat Browsing
Authors: Ingham Claudia S. , Borman Michael M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEnglish ivy is an exotic liana that invades forests by forming dense monocultures on forest floors and by climbing trees. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of high-intensity–short-duration goat browsing to control English ivy in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Species composition and percent cover were determined in August 2006 before the first browsing treatment and before and after treatments in 2006 and 2007. A final assessment was made in July 2008. Browsing effects were evaluated by comparison of multiple means statistical methods. English ivy cover declined significantly in samples browsed once or twice compared with untreated samples. The difference between levels of browsing was also significant, indicating that repetition of browsing for a second year is effective. Species composition change was minimal, with the appearance of sword fern and removal of Himalayan blackberry from 2006 to 2008.
Response of Two Sagebrush Sites to Low-Disturbance, Mechanical Removal of Piñyon and Juniper
Authors: Baughman Carson , Forbis Tara A. , Provencher Louis 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn the Great Basin of the western United States, expansion of Pinus monophylla (singleleaf piñyon) and Juniperus osteosperma (Utah juniper) out of historic woodlands and into Artemisia spp. (sagebrush) shrubland communities can facilitate the invasion of exotic downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and lead to decreases in ecological and economic values of shrublands. This expansion has, therefore, been the focus of management efforts, including the thinning or removal of trees in areas that were historically shrubland. Our study examined the effects of tree thinning at two sites located in eastern Nevada, near the center of the Great Basin. Such projects can be controversial, so our goal was to estimate and document the ecological effects of low-disturbance tree thinning at these two sites. Both sites were mechanically thinned using a feller-buncher and were aerially seeded with native grasses. Aerial seeding had no apparent effect at either site. The site that had lower tree cover before treatment (Ely, NV) showed an increase in native forbs and a small increase in invasives. The site that initially had very high tree cover and low shrub cover (Mt. Wilson, NV) showed increases in native forbs and species diversity and a substantial increase in invasives. We conclude that low-disturbance methods for thinning encroaching trees can have positive ecological effects in shrublands but that the initial cover of both trees and native herbaceous species should be considered to determine the potential of the site to recover naturally from the seedbank and the risk of invasion by downy brome.
Exploitation of Nutrient-Rich Soil Patches by Invasive Annual and Native Perennial Grasses
Authors: James Jeremy J. , Ziegenhagen L. , Aanderud Z. T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractInvasion of nutrient-poor habitats might be related to the ability of a species to exploit nutrient-rich microsites. Recent research suggests fast-growing species might have a greater ability to allocate root biomass to nutrient-rich microsites (root foraging precision) than slow-growing species. We examined if differences in relative growth rate (RGR) between invasive and native species were related to differences in foraging precision. We hypothesized that invasive species would: (1) have greater foraging precision than native species but (2) greater foraging precision would come at a cost in terms of root nutrient uptake rate. Foraging precision was evaluated on plants growing in soils with uniform or patchy nutrient distribution. Plants were harvested at a common time and a common developmental stage to separate indirect effects of RGR on foraging. Nutrient uptake rate was examined by exposing plants to a low or high nitrogen pulse. Invasives foraged more precisely than natives but had lower nitrogen uptake rate. Although these results support the idea of a positive relationship between RGR and foraging precision, biomass production in heterogeneous soils showed no relationship to foraging precision. Instead, species with greater RGR produced more biomass and root length across all treatments, allowing greater nutrient capture in heterogeneous soils. Although these results do not exclude a role for proliferation in influencing invasion of nutrient-poor systems or the potential for heterogeneity to influence population processes, these results suggest other traits may have an overriding importance in determining invader success in these systems.
Homology modeling of 3D structure of human chitinase-like protein CHI3L2
Authors: Iershov Anton , Odynets Konstantin , Kornelyuk Alexander , Kavsan Vadim 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The human genome encodes six proteins of family 18 glycosyl hydrolases, two active chitinases and four chitinase-like lectins (chi-lectins) lacking catalytic activity. The present article is dedicated to homology modeling of 3D structure of human chitinase 3-like 2 protein (CHI3L2), which is overexpressed in glial brain tumors, and its structural comparison with homologous chi-lectin CHI3L1. Two crystal structures of CHI3L1 in free state (Protein Data Bank codes 1HJX and 1NWR) were used as structural templates for the homology modeling by Modeller 9.7 program, and the best quality model structure was selected from the obtained model ensemble. Analysis of potential oligosaccharide-binding groove structures of CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 revealed significant differences between these two homologous proteins. 8 of 19 amino acid residues important for ligand binding are substituted in CHI3L2: Tyr34/Asp39, Trp69/Lys74, Trp71/Lys76, Trp99/Tyr104, Asn100/Leu105, Met204/Leu210, Tyr206/Phe212 and Arg263/His271. The differences between these residues could influence the structure of the ligand-binding groove and substantially change the ability of CHI3L2 to bind oligosaccharide ligands.
Clinical Outcomes Associated with Depression, Anxiety and Social Support Among Cardiac Rehabilitation Attendees
Authors: Turner Alyna , Phillips Lisa , Hambridge John A. , Baker Amanda L. , Bowman Jenny , Colyvas Kim 
Published: June 2010

Objective: To utilize existing medical record information in order to examine the relationship between depression, anxiety, levels of social support and clinical outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation attendees. Method: In a tertiary care centre 389 records for cardiac rehabilitation outpatients were analysed. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales scores collected at week 4 of their cardiac rehabilitation programme were linked with medical record information on demographic, lifestyle, medical and other coronary heart disease risk factors, as well as follow-up cardiovascular events and readmissions for an average of 2.6 years. Variables of interest were anxiety and depression scores and proxy measures of social support. Clinical outcome measures were number of hospital admissions, length of stay and mortality. Results: Multiple variable analysis revealed higher anxiety scores were associated with more hospital admissions and higher depression scores were associated with longer length of stay after controlling for other established prognostic risk factors. Depression, anxiety and social support were not associated with mortality, however there was a low mortality rate in the present study. Conclusion: A comprehensive summary of the characteristics of cardiac rehabilitation patients was gathered through the linkage and examination of existing clinical databases. The results of this study provide some support for a prognostic role of depressive and anxiety symptoms and highlight the need for screening for psychological distress and provision of appropriate interventions when indicated.
Modifications of Thyroid Cancer Surgical Diagnosis and Treatment: 33 Years of Experience at Saint-Petersburg Center of Endocrine Surgery and Oncology
Authors: Romanchishen Anatoly F 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective identification of recurrences and application of radioactive iodine for the treatment of cancers of the thyroid have now been available in Russia over the last 10 years. This has improved results of the treatment of thyroid cancers. Central neck dissection has also been crucial in the treatment of cancer of the thyroid.
Fibrous Dysplasia of the Temporal Bone
Authors: Singh Baldev , Duggal Prahlad , Grover Ruchika 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe report a case of monostotic fibrous dysplasia of temporal bone in a 15-year-old male which presented with mass in the temporomastoid region. There was no associated complaint and patient came only for cosmetic correction of the asymmetry of skull. Conductive hearing loss was an incidental finding on audiogram. Computed tomography showed increased bone thickness with ground glass appearance. Shaded surface display of the skull was used in assessing the external bony deformity. Patient was operated for contouring of the bone and canalplasty which improved the cosmetic appearance as well as corrected the hearing loss thereby avoiding an extensive surgery. Patient is under regular follow-up with good cosmetic and functional results. This case highlights the importance of conservative surgery and regular follow-up in selective cases of temporal bone fibrous dysplasia along with use of shaded surface display for planning the correction of external deformity.