bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Curvularia lunata Causing Root Rot of Strawberry in India
Authors: Verma V. S. , Gupta V. K. 
Published: March 2010

Diseased strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Dutch) plants were observed during semimonthly surveys in the Jammu District of Jammu and Kashmir State, India from November 2007 to May 2008. Symptoms included leaf wilt, necrotic roots, and plant death. Small pieces of symptomatic roots were cut from the junction of diseased and healthy tissue, surface sterilized in 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 1 min, washed in three changes of sterile distilled water, and transferred to potato dextrose agar plates. Cultures were maintained in an incubator at 25 ± 1°C. Dark brown fungal colonies developed in a few days. Mycelium was septate, dark brown-to-blackish brown, and branched. Conidiophores were dark brown, unbranched and septate. Conidia were boat shaped or curved, dark brown, and four-celled with the two central cells larger than the terminal cells. Apical cells were light brown, rounded at the tips, slightly constricted at the base, and 19 to 30 × 9 to 14 μm. The pathogen was identified by the Indian Type Culture Collection, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India (ITCC Accession No. 6680-07) as Curvularia lunata (Wakkar) Boevijn. To conduct pathogenicity tests, 10 healthy runners of strawberry cv. Chandler were planted separately in sterilized pot mix containing loam soil, sand, and peat moss (1:1:1 vol/vol) and allowed to root for a month. Soil near the root zone was then removed to access roots that were gently injured by pricking with a sterilized needle. The soil was replaced after 20 ml of a conidial suspension of 106 conidia/ml of one of the isolates was applied to the roots. Ten healthy strawberry plants grown in noninoculated soil served as controls. After inoculation, the plants were regularly watered. Symptoms similar to those observed in the field developed on all inoculated plants. Roots of the diseased plants turned brown and finally black. Noninoculated plants remained healthy. The pathogen was reisolated from roots of the diseased plants. Curvularia spp. are ubiquitous and are typically considered to be weak pathogens or saprophytes; however they have been reported as minor pathogens of several plants (1,2). Root rot of strawberry caused by Curvularia spp. has been reported (3), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of C. lunata (Wakkar) Boevijn causing root rot of strawberry in India. References: (1) F. C. Butler. Ann. App. Biol. 40:298, 1953. (2) C. F. Hodges and D. A. Campbell. J. Phytopathol. 143:639, 1995. (3) T. Watanabe et al. Phytopathology 67:1324, 1977.
Auxin Metabolism and Function in the Multicellular Brown Alga Ectocarpus siliculosus
Authors: Le Bail Aude , Billoud Bernard , Kowalczyk Nathalie , Kowalczyk Mariusz , Gicquel Morgane , Le Panse Sophie , Stewart Sarah , Scornet Delphine , Cock Jeremy Mark , Ljung Karin , Charrier Bénédicte 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Ectocarpus siliculosus is a small brown alga that has recently been developed as a genetic model. Its thallus is filamentous, initially organized as a main primary filament composed of elongated cells and round cells, from which branches differentiate. Modeling of its early development suggests the involvement of very local positional information mediated by cell-cell recognition. However, this model also indicates that an additional mechanism is required to ensure proper organization of the branching pattern. In this paper, we show that auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is detectable in mature E. siliculosus organisms and that it is present mainly at the apices of the filaments in the early stages of development. An in silico survey of auxin biosynthesis, conjugation, response, and transport genes showed that mainly IAA biosynthesis genes from land plants have homologs in the E. siliculosus genome. In addition, application of exogenous auxins and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid had different effects depending on the developmental stage of the organism, and we propose a model in which auxin is involved in the negative control of progression in the developmental program. Furthermore, we identified an auxin-inducible gene called EsGRP1 from a small-scale microarray experiment and showed that its expression in a series of morphogenetic mutants was positively correlated with both their elongated-to-round cell ratio and their progression in the developmental program. Altogether, these data suggest that IAA is used by the brown alga Ectocarpus to relay cell-cell positional information and induces a signaling pathway different from that known in land plants.
The Development of an Efficient Multipurpose Bean Pod Mottle Virus Viral Vector Set for Foreign Gene Expression and RNA Silencing
Authors: Zhang Chunquan , Bradshaw Jeffrey D. , Whitham Steven A. , Hill John H. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Plant viral vectors are valuable tools for heterologous gene expression, and because of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), they also have important applications as reverse genetics tools for gene function studies. Viral vectors are especially useful for plants such as soybean (Glycine max) that are recalcitrant to transformation. Previously, two generations of bean pod mottle virus (BPMV; genus Comovirus) vectors have been developed for overexpressing and silencing genes in soybean. However, the design of the previous vectors imposes constraints that limit their utility. For example, VIGS target sequences must be expressed as fusion proteins in the same reading frame as the viral polyprotein. This requirement limits the design of VIGS target sequences to open reading frames. Furthermore, expression of multiple genes or simultaneous silencing of one gene and expression of another was not possible. To overcome these and other issues, a new BPMV-based vector system was developed to facilitate a variety of applications for gene function studies in soybean as well as in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). These vectors are designed for simultaneous expression of multiple foreign genes, insertion of noncoding/antisense sequences, and simultaneous expression and silencing. The simultaneous expression of green fluorescent protein and silencing of phytoene desaturase shows that marker gene-assisted silencing is feasible. These results demonstrate the utility of this BPMV vector set for a wide range of applications in soybean and common bean, and they have implications for improvement of other plant virus-based vector systems.
MISSA Is a Highly Efficient in Vivo DNA Assembly Method for Plant Multiple-Gene Transformation
Authors: Chen Qi-Jun , Xie Min , Ma Xiao-Xiao , Dong Li , Chen Jia , Wang Xue-Chen 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
We describe a highly efficient in vivo DNA assembly method, multiple-round in vivo site-specific assembly (MISSA), which facilitates plant multiple-gene transformation. MISSA is based on conjugational transfer, which is driven by donor strains, and two in vivo site-specific recombination events, which are mediated by inducible Cre recombinase and phage λ site-specific recombination proteins in recipient strains, to enable in vivo transfer and in vivo assembly of multiple transgenic DNA. The assembly reactions can be performed circularly and iteratively through alternate use of the two specially designed donor vectors. As proof-of-principle experiments, we constructed a few plant multigene binary vectors. One of these vectors was generated by 15 rounds of MISSA reactions and was confirmed in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). As MISSA simplifies the tedious and time-consuming in vitro manipulations to a simple mixing of bacterial strains, it will greatly save time, effort, and expense associated with the assembly of multiple transgenic or synthetic DNA. The principle that underlies MISSA is applicable to engineering polygenic traits, biosynthetic pathways, or protein complexes in all organisms, such as Escherichia coli, yeast, plants, and animals. MISSA also has potential applications in synthetic biology, whether for basic theory or for applied biotechnology, aiming at the assembly of genetic pathways for the production of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and industrial compounds from natural or synthetic DNA.
Imaging and biodistribution of Her2/neu expression in non‐small cell lung cancer xenografts with 64Cu‐labeled trastuzumab PET
Authors: Paudyal Pramila , Paudyal Bishnuhari , Hanaoka Hirofumi , Oriuchi Noboru , Iida Yashuhiko , Yoshioka Hiroki , Tominaga Hideyuki , Watanabe Satoshi , Watanabe Shigeki , Ishioka Noriko S , Endo Keigo 
Published: March 2010

Non‐small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) overexpress the Her2/neu gene in approximately 59% of cases. Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, interferes with Her2 signaling and is approved for the treatment of Her2/neu overexpressing breast cancer. However, its therapeutic use in Her2/neu overexpressing NSCLC remains obscure. The present study aimed to determine the role of 64Cu‐labeled trastuzumab positron emission tomography (PET) for non‐invasive imaging of Her2/neu expression in NSCLC. Trastuzumab was conjugated with the bifunctional chelator 1, 4, 7, 10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1, 4, 7, 10‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and radiolabeled with 64Cu. The molecular specificity of DOTA‐trastuzumab was determined in NSCLC cell lines with Her2/neu overexpression (NCI‐H2170) and negative expression (NCI‐H520). Imaging of Her2/neu expression was performed in NCI‐H2170 tumor‐bearing mice with 64Cu‐DOTA‐trastuzumab PET and 64Cu‐DOTA‐IgG. In vitro studies revealed specific binding of DOTA‐trastuzumab in the Her2/neu positive NCI‐H2170 cells, while no binding was seen in the Her2/neu negative NCI‐H520 cell line. Biodistribution and PET studies revealed a significantly high accumulation of 64Cu‐DOTA‐trastuzumab in the Her2/neu overexpressing NCI‐H2170 tumor at 24 and 48 h post‐injection (21.4 ± 1.4% and 23.2 ± 5.1% injection dose/gram (% ID/g), respectively). PET imaging of Her2/neu negative NCI‐H520 tumors showed much less uptake of 64Cu‐DOTA‐trastuzumab (4.0% ID/g). The NCI‐H2170 tumor uptake of 64Cu‐DOTA‐trastuzumab was significantly higher than that of 64Cu‐DOTA‐IgG (P < 0.0001). 64Cu‐DOTA‐trastuzumab showed a very clear image of a Her2/neu positive tumor and appeared to be effective as a PET tracer for imaging of Her2/neu gene expression in NSCLC, suggesting its potential clinical use for identifying patients that might benefit from trastuzumab‐based therapy.(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 1045–1050)
A Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Potassium in 0.01—0.1 cc. of Blood Serum
Authors: WRETLIND K. A. J. 
Published: March 2010

Summary.A method has been described for determining the potassium content in 0.01—0.1 c.c. of serum. The accuracy of the method is satisfactory. Added amounts of potassium are quantitatively recovered.The author's thanks are due to Dr. E. Jorpes at who's suggestion this investigation was taken up.
Implications of eosinophilia in the normal duodenal biopsy – an association with allergy and functional dyspepsia
Authors: WALKER M. M. , SALEHIAN S. S. , MURRAY C. E. , RAJENDRAN A. , HOARE J. M. , NEGUS R. , POWELL N. , TALLEY N. J. 
Published: March 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 1229–1236SummaryBackground  Allergy and functional gastrointestinal disorders have been associated with eosinophilia in duodenal mucosa.Aim  To assess the prevalence of eosinophilia in duodenal biopsies of patients attending for oesophogastroduodenoscopy and delineate associated clinical conditions.Methods  A total of 155 patients (mean age 55 years, 59% women) with normal duodenal biopsies were randomly selected for audit from histopathology files. Eosinophil counts in five high power fields (HPFs) were assessed. Records were analysed for symptoms, diagnosis and medications; patients were divided into five groups based on upper gastrointestinal (UGI) symptom profiles, including a control group of those without predominant UGI symptoms. The prevalence of duodenal eosinophilia (defined as >22/5HPFs a priori) was calculated.Results  In the control group, the mean duodenal eosinophil count was 15/5HPFs; prevalence of duodenal eosinophilia was 22.5%. In postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), both mean eosinophil counts (20.2/5HPF, P < 0.04) and prevalence of duodenal eosinophilia (47.3%, P < 0.04) were significantly higher. Duodenal eosinophilia was significantly associated with allergy (OR 5.04, 95% CI 2.12–11.95, P < 0.001). There was no association with irritable bowel syndrome or medications.Conclusions  Subtle duodenal eosinophilia is relatively common in routine oesophogastroduodenoscopy and previously overlooked; it is associated with allergy and may indicate a hypersensitivity mechanism in some patients with PDS including early satiety.
Y‐chromosomal variation confirms independent domestications of swamp and river buffalo
Authors: Yindee M. , Vlamings B. H. , Wajjwalku W. , Techakumphu M. , Lohachit C. , Sirivaidyapong S. , Thitaram C. , Amarasinghe A. A. A. W. K. , Alexander P. A. B. D. A. , Colenbrander B. , Lenstra J. A. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryY‐chromosomal variation in the water buffalo was analysed by sequencing of DBY, ZFY and SRY gene segments. A clear separation of the paternal lineages of the river and swamp types parallels the differences between their maternal lineages and nuclear DNA. Sequence divergence was found to be comparable to the divergence of taurine cattle and zebu, and this divergence predated domestication, confirming that river and swamp buffalo originated from different wild populations. Within a sample of 23 Thai swamp buffaloes, we identified four haplotypes with different geographical distributions, two of which were shared by Thai wild buffaloes.
Differentially expressed genes during bovine intramuscular adipocyte differentiation profiled by serial analysis of gene expression
Authors: Mizoguchi Y. , Hirano T. , Itoh T. , Aso H. , Takasuga A. , Sugimoto Y. , Watanabe T. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryBeef marbling or intramuscular fat deposition is an economically important carcass trait in Japanese Black cattle. To investigate genes involved in intramuscular adipogenesis, differential gene expression during adipogenesis in a clonal bovine intramuscular preadipocyte (BIP) cell line was profiled with serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). We sequenced 75 283 tags for the proliferation phase (day 0) and 81 878 tags for the differentiation phase (4 days after adipogenic stimulation: day 4). A comparison of the unique SAGE tag frequencies between the day 0‐ and day 4‐libraries revealed that 878 (2.8%) of the 30 989 unique putative transcripts were expressed at significantly different levels (P < 0.05); 401 tags (1.4%) were up‐regulated and 477 tags (1.2%) were down‐regulated in the day 4‐library relative to the day 0‐library. We confirmed up‐regulation of 10 tags of the genes that were up‐regulated in the previous subtraction cloning studies in BIP cells [Animal Science Journal,76(2005) 479]. Of the 878 differentially expressed tags, 377 were identified in the bovine RefSeq library and 356 were assigned a bovine draft genomic sequence. Fifteen tags were mapped in previously detected beef marbling quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions [Mammalian Genome,18(2007) 125]. These genes may be involved in the adipogenic processes of beef marbling.
Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for aseasonal reproduction in sheep
Authors: Mateescu R. G. , Thonney M. L. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThe productivity and economic prosperity of sheep farming could benefit greatly from more effective methods of selection for year‐round lambing. Identification of QTL for aseasonal reproduction in sheep could lead to more accurate selection and faster genetic improvement. One hundred and twenty microsatellite markers were genotyped on 159 backcross ewes from a Dorset × East Friesian crossbred pedigree. Interval mapping was undertaken to map the QTL underlying several traits describing aseasonal reproduction including the number of oestrous cycles, maximum level of progesterone prior to breeding, pregnancy status determined by progesterone level, pregnancy status determined by ultrasound, lambing status and number of lambs born. Seven chromosomes (1, 3, 12, 17, 19, 20 and 24) were identified to harbour putative QTL for one or more component traits used to describe aseasonal reproduction. Ovine chromosomes 12, 17, 19 and 24 harbour QTL significant at the 5% chromosome‐wide level, chromosomes 3 and 20 harbour QTL that exceeded the threshold at the 1% chromosome‐wide level, while the QTL identified on chromosome 1 exceeded the 1% experiment‐wide significance level. These results are a first step towards understanding the genetic mechanism of this complex trait and show that variation in aseasonal reproduction is associated with multiple chromosomal regions.
Reproductive history, hormone replacement, and incidence of venous thromboembolism: the Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology
Authors: Ohira Tetsuya , Folsom Aaron R. , Cushman Mary , White Richard H. , Hannan Peter J. , Rosamond Wayne D. , Heckbert Susan R. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryNumerous studies have established that hormone replacement therapy increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but an association of endogenous oestrogen exposure with the incidence of VTE is not fully established. Using a prospective design combining the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities and the Cardiovascular Health Study cohort, we studied the 12‐year risk of VTE in relation to hormone replacement therapy use, age at menopause, parity number, and type of menopause in 8236 post‐menopausal women. There were no significant associations of age at menopause, parity number, or type of menopause with incidence of VTE. Women currently using hormone replacement had a 1·6‐times higher multivariate‐adjusted rate ratio (RR) of VTE compared with those without hormone use in the time‐dependent model (RR = 1·60, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1·06–2·36; Population attributable fraction = 6·7%, 95%CI, 1·0–10·3). When we excluded women with 1‐year or more duration of hormone therapy at baseline, the association was stronger (RR = 2·02, 95%CI, 1·31–3·12). The multivariate‐adjusted RRs of VTE for current users tended to be higher in those with idiopathic VTE (RR = 2·40, 95%CI, 1·40–4·12) than those with secondary VTE (RR = 1·08, 95%CI, 0·63–1·85). Hormone replacement therapy is associated with increased risk of VTE, but reproductive history markers of endogenous oestrogen exposure were not associated with VTE.
Epidemiology of β‐thalassaemia in Western India: mapping the frequencies and mutations in sub‐regions of Maharashtra and Gujarat
Authors: Colah Roshan , Gorakshakar Ajit , Phanasgaonkar Supriya , D’Souza Edna , Nadkarni Anita , Surve Reema , Sawant Pratibha , Master Dilip , Patel Ramesh , Ghosh Kanjaksha , Mohanty Dipika 
Published: March 2010

SummaryAlthough the average frequency of β‐thalassaemia carriers in India is 3–4% and the prevalent mutations have been studied, no micromapping has been done. This is the first attempt to provide an accurate estimate of the frequencies of β‐thalassaemia and the expected annual births of homozygous children in different districts of Maharashtra and Gujarat in Western India as well as to determine the molecular heterogeneity in different sub‐regions in these states. A total of 18 651 individuals were screened for haemo‐globinopathies and mutations were characterized in 1334 β‐thalassaemia heterozygotes. There was an uneven distribution of the frequencies of β‐thalassaemia, varying from 1·0% to 6·0% and 0% to 9·5% in different districts of Maharasthra and Gujarat. The rate of homozygosity per 1000 births annually was 0·28 in Maharashtra and 0·39 in Gujarat. The three most prevalent β‐thalassaemia mutations in Maharashtra were IVS 1‐5(G→C), Codon 15(G→A) and Codon 30(G→C) (87·9%) while in Gujarat they were IVS 1‐5(G→C), 619 bp deletion and Codon 5(‐CT) (68·5%). These data will help to develop adequate programmes for control and care where they are most needed. They also emphasize the importance of subgroup micromapping for determining the health burden of a common genetic disease.
UV inhibits allergic airways disease in mice by reducing effector CD4+ T cells
Authors: McGlade J. P. , Strickland D. H. , Lambert M. J. M. , Gorman S. , Thomas J. A. , Judge M. A. , Burchell J. T. , Zosky G. R. , Hart P. H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground
In human asthma, and experimental allergic airways disease in mice, antigen‐presenting cells and CD4+ effector cells at the airway mucosa orchestrate, and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells attenuate, allergen immunity. UV irradiation of skin before sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA) causes significantly reduced asthma‐like responses in respiratory tissues.Objective
To determine whether UV‐induced changes in CD11c+ cells, CD4+CD25+ effector cells or CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells in the trachea and airway draining lymph nodes (ADLNs) were responsible for reduced allergic airways disease.Methods
The phenotype and function of CD11c+ cells and CD4+CD25+ cells in the trachea and ADLNs of UV‐ and non‐irradiated, OVA‐sensitized mice was examined 24 h after a single exposure to aerosolized OVA.Results
No changes in the function of CD11c+ cells from UV‐irradiated mice were observed. CD4+CD25+ cells from UV‐irradiated, OVA‐sensitized mice harvested 24 h after OVA aerosol proliferated less in response to OVA in vitro and were unable to suppress the proliferation of OVA‐sensitized responder cells. This result suggested reduced activation of effector T cells in the airway mucosa of UV‐irradiated, OVA‐sensitized mice. To exclude regulatory cells of any type, there was similar proliferation in vivo to aerosolized OVA by CFSE‐loaded, OVA‐TCR‐specific CD4+ cells adoptively transferred into UV‐ and non‐irradiated, OVA‐sensitized mice. In addition, there was no difference in the expression of regulatory T cell markers (Foxp3, IL‐10, TGF‐β mRNA). To examine effector T cells, ADLN cells from UV‐irradiated, OVA‐sensitized and ‐challenged mice were cultured with OVA. There was reduced expression of the early activation marker CD69 by CD4+CD25+ cells, and reduced proliferation in the absence of the regulatory cytokine, IL‐10.Conclusion
Reduced allergic airways disease in UV‐irradiated mice is due to fewer effector CD4+CD25+ cells in the trachea and ADLNs, and not due to UV‐induced regulatory cells. Cite this as: J. P. McGlade, D. H. Strickland, M. J. M. Lambert, S. Gorman, J. A. Thomas, M. A. Judge, J. T. Burchell, G. R. Zosky and P. H. Hart, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 772–785.