bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EnvDB, a database for describing the environmental distribution of prokaryotic taxa
Authors: Pignatelli Miguel , Moya Andrés , Tamames Javier 
Published: April 2009

SummaryEnvDB is a database that classifies the environmental samples and their associated 16S rDNA sequences currently stored in GenBank. The samples were categorized in a three‐level, hierarchical classification of media: the five upper levels (terrestrial, aquatic, thermal, host‐associated and other) are further decomposed in 20 intermediate (such as marine, marine sediments, freshwater, soil, gut, etc.) and 47 lower levels (for instance, soil is further decomposed in forest, agricultural, wetlands, grasslands, tropical, arid, etc.). Each sample was also characterized with nine environmental features: polluted, diseased (for clinical samples), acidic, alkaline, hot environment, cold environment, saline, anoxic and restricted (when the study is focused only in particular taxonomic groups). The classification of samples was aided by text‐mining techniques, complemented with careful curation and completion by human experts. EnvDB currently includes 359 928 sequences from 3502 samples. The sequences were clustered at several identity levels to obtain operative taxonomic units (OTUs). Sequences and OTUs have been taxonomically assigned to the maximum possible resolution by different procedures. The user can obtain information about sequences, OTUs, samples and environments, combining these tables using a flexible querying system that allows generating very diverse queries. Thus, the user can easily inspect the presence and abundance of particular taxa in particular samples and environments. The database also allows the users to run analyses with their own data: users can input their sequences and find the closest sequences or samples in the database. EnvDB can be accessed in the web address http://metagenomics.uv.es/envDB.
REVIEW OF RESEARCH WORK ON Ti-BASED COMPOSITE COATINGS
Authors: GABBITAS BRIAN , SALMAN ASMA , ZHANG DELIANG , CAO PENG 
Published: April 2009

The service life of industrial components is limited predominantly by Chemical corrosion/mechanical wear. The project is concerned with the investigation of the capability of Ti ( Al , O )/ Al 2 O 3 coatings to improve the service life of tool steel (H13) used for dies in aluminium high pressure die casting. This paper gives a general review on the research work conducted at the University of Waikato on producing and evaluating the titanium/alumina based composite coatings. The powder feedstocks for making the composite coatings were produced by high energy mechanical milling of a mixture of Al and TiO 2 powders in two different molar ratios followed by a thermal reaction process. The feedstocks were then thermally sprayed using a high velocity air-fuel (HVAF) technique on H13 steel substrates to produce a Ti ( Al , O )/ Al 2 O 3 composite coatings. The performance of the coating was assessed in terms of thermal shock resistance and reaction kinetics with molten aluminium. The composite powders and coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD).
Sequential development of interfering metamorphic core complexes: numerical experiments and comparison with the Cyclades, Greece
Authors: Tirel C. , Gautier P. , van Hinsbergen D. J. J. , Wortel M. J. R. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

The mechanics of metamorphic core complex (MCC) development and the associated process of lower crustal flow have been the topic of several modelling studies. The model setup usually includes a local heterogeneity forcing deformation to localize at a given site, enabling only one MCC to develop. This paper presents numerical lithospheric-scale experiments in which deformation is not
a priori
localized in a specific place, in order to examine whether multiple MCCs could develop during extension, at which conditions, and how. Configurations with either a single MCC or several far-distant MCCs aligned in the section parallel to extension are obtained for a relatively wide range of initial conditions, the only firm requirement being that the lower crust and the sub-Moho mantle both have very low strengths. In contrast, only a narrow range of conditions leads to the development of closely spaced MCCs. In this case, the MCCs interfere with one another (the domes are partly superimposed or/and share a shear zone in common) and develop in sequence. This configuration is compared with the Cyclades archipelago, where closely spaced chains of MCCs have been described in the literature. A review of available data on the islands documents a good agreement with the experiments in terms of final depth of the Moho, geometry and kinematic pattern of the MCCs, and timing of exhumation of the metamorphic rocks. Based on this agreement, we tentatively deduce from the numerical results some of the conditions that prevailed at the initiation of, and during, post-orogenic MCC-type extension in the Cyclades. The most likely initial thickness of the crust is between 40 and 44 km. A thermal lithospheric thickness of only
c
. 60 km is also likely, which might be a condition at the onset of extension or may have been obtained during early stages of extension while the lithosphere was warmed up. Either a backarc subduction setting or a process of mantle delamination may account for this situation. The numerical results also suggest a boundary velocity of 2.0–2.3 cm/a, which should basically reflect the rate at which the South Hellenic subduction zone retreated. Considering
c
. 500 km as an upper bound for the amount of retreat balanced by Aegean extension and assuming that this retreat mostly occurred during MCC-type extension in the Cyclades, we find that the boundary velocity could have been as high as 2.1 cm/a if MCC-type extension lasted 24 Ma, starting at
c
. 30 Ma and finishing at
c
. 6 Ma, as suggested by available geochronological data. A velocity of 2.1 cm/a agrees well with the numerical results.
The Itea–Amfissa detachment: a pre-Corinth rift Miocene extensional structure in central Greece
Authors: Papanikolaou Dimitrios , Gouliotis Leonidas , Triantaphyllou Maria 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The Itea–Amfissa valley, separating Giona Mountain to the west from Parnassos Mountain to the east, is related to an extensional detachment observed along the eastern slopes of Giona. The detachment is traced for 30 km north of the Corinth Gulf and dips 25°–40° to the east, showing an east–west extension parallel to the Hellenic arc. The lower nappes of Pindos, Penteoria, Vardoussia and mainly the basal thrust of the Parnassos unit form part of the footwall, whereas the upper thrusts of the Parnassos unit and the Western Thessaly–Beotia nappe form part of the hanging wall. The eastern slopes of Giona are controlled by the detachment and several hundred metres of syn-tectonic breccia-conglomerates are observed at the top of the hanging wall rocks and are back-tilt towards the detachment plane. Two conglomeratic sequences are distinguished: the lower one consists of argillaceous matrix and abundant ophiolite detritus whereas the upper one bears carbonate matrix with carbonate detritus together with large olistholites of Mesozoic limestones. Based on calcareous nannofossils a middle Miocene age has been determined for the lower formation and a middle–upper Miocene age is probable for the upper. Planation surfaces cut on top of the sediments rise from south to north starting from sea level at Galaxidi to about 1400 m at Prosilio. The throw of the detachment is about 2.5–4.2 km measured mainly from the structural omission of the Alpine tectono-stratigraphic units. A contrast between the footwall and the hanging wall structure is described, with monoclinic sequence of the Parnassos nappe dipping to the west in the footwall but a complex synsedimentary horst and graben structure of sliding blocks of Alpine formations within the Miocene clastic sequences in the hanging wall. The detachment has been deformed by the east–west-trending steep normal faults that have created the Corinth rift during late Pliocene–Quaternary time showing a north–south extension. The Itea–Amfissa detachment forms the northern tip of the broader East Peloponnesus detachment, observed south of the Corinth rift structure from Feneos to Kyparissi. Similar geodynamic phenomena with large olistholites and breccia conglomerates are known from the Serravalian of Crete, related to the activity of the Cretan detachment.
Neogene brittle detachment faulting on Kos (E Greece): implications for a southern break-away fault of the Menderes metamorphic core complex (western Turkey)
Authors: van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Boekhout Flora 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe southern limit of the Menderes metamorphic core complex has recently been proposed to be formed by an Oligocene–early Miocene top-to-the-north breakaway detachment fault, the Datça–Kahle fault running across the Lycian nappes in southwestern Turkey. Proving a breakaway detachment fault as opposed to a ‘simple’ local high-angle normal fault is generally hampered by absence of a metamorphic contrast between hanging wall and footwall. The island of Kos lies close to the inferred southern breakaway fault. It exposes Permo- Carboniferous anchimetamorphic rocks, intruded and contact-metamorphosed at upper crustal levels by a 12 Ma old monzonite during or close to peak-burial conditions. Here, we show that exhumation of these rocks occurred along a top-to-the-north brittle extensional detachment fault underneath upper Mesozoic and Palaeogene non-metamorphic carbonates after 12 Ma, and that any (undocumented) earlier extension did not lead to significant exhumation of the Permo-Carboniferous rocks. Kos should thus be placed within the Cyclades–Menderes extensional province since 12 Ma. The age of exhumation is younger than the proposed activity of the breakaway fault, the existence of which we cannot corroborate. We conclude that the brittle detachment of Kos cannot be straightforwardly correlated to any ductile-to-brittle detachments of the Menderes or eastern Cycladic metamorphic core complexes further to the north and may represent a relatively isolated structure.
The structure of the Kythira–Antikythira strait, offshore SW Greece (35.7°–36.6°N)
Authors: Kokinou Eleni , Kamberis Evangelos 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The Kythira–Antikythira strait, within the SW Hellenic Arc, forms a 100 km long NNW–SSE trending ridge between Peloponnesus and Crete and represents the submarine continuation of the Hellenic Alpine belt. In order to present the shallow as well as the deeper structure of Kythira–Antikythira strait we studied five seismic sections, oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the inner part of the Hellenic Arc. This information was complemented with velocity analyses from a dense network of seismic lines and information concerning the bathymetry.
Contractional structures recognized on the seismic profiles indicate that this part of the Gavrovo–Tripolitza geotectonic zone was involved in the Miocene shortening related to the westward propagation of the Hellenic fold-and-thrust system. East-dipping thrust faults which root in the top of the crystalline basement were identified on the seismic profiles. The deepest reflector identified on the profiles corresponds to the crystalline basement. Shallower reflectors include those corresponding to the contacts between the Mesozoic/Miocene, Upper Miocene/Lower Pliocene and Pliocene/Pleistocene sedimentary sequences. The Upper Cenozoic to Quaternary sequence rests unconformably upon Mesozoic carbonates. Messinian intrusions, forming small scale domes, deform the Pliocene–Quaternary sedimentary succession. West- and east-dipping normal faults were also recognised both within the Palaeozoic and Cenozoic successions, and are related to regional extension during sedimentation.
Tectono-stratigraphy of the Çankırı Basin: Late Cretaceous to early Miocene evolution of the Neotethyan Suture Zone in Turkey
Authors: Kaymakci Nuretdin , Özçelik Yakup , White Stanley H. , Van Dijk Paul M. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The Çankırı Basin straddles the İzmir–Ankara–Erzincan Suture Zone which demarcates the former position of the northern branch of the Neotethys. It includes more than 3 km of pre-Middle Miocene in-fill related to late Cretaceous to pre-Middle Miocene evolution of the region. The basin has developed on the upper Cretaceous subduction complex and arc related basins of the Neotethys Ocean. The basin fill includes an upper Cretaceous forearc sequence overlain by Paleocene with a local unconformity. The upper Cretaceous configuration of the Çankırı basin is interpreted as a part of a forearc basin. The Paleocene and younger history is interpreted as a foreland sequence dominated by progressively southwards migrated depocenters in front of southward migrating thrust faults upon which a series of piggy-back basins were developed. Termination of the forearc setting and beginning of foreland basin conditions indicates complete subduction of the Neotethyan oceanic crust and onset of collision between the Pontides (Laurasia) and the Taurides (Gondwana) in the Paleocene. Thrusting and related sedimentation continued until the Aquitanian (Early Miocene).
Oligocene–Miocene basin evolution in SE Anatolia, Turkey: constraints on the closure of the eastern Tethys gateway
Authors: Hüsing Silja K. , Zachariasse Willem-Jan , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Krijgsman Wout , Inceöz Murat , Harzhauser Mathias , Mandic Oleg , Kroh Andreas 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The Oligocene–Miocene was a time characterized by major climate changes as well as changing plate configurations. The Middle Miocene Climate Transition (17 to 11 Ma) may even have been triggered by a plate tectonic event: the closure of the eastern Tethys gateway, the marine connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean. To address this idea, we focus on the evolution of Oligocene and Miocene foreland basins in the southernmost part of Turkey, the most likely candidates to have formed this gateway. In addition, we take the geodynamic evolution of the Arabian–Eurasian collision into account.

The Muş and Elazığ basins, located to the north of the Bitlis–Zagros suture zone, were most likely connected during the Oligocene. The deepening of both basins is biostratigraphically dated by us to occur during the Rupelian (Early Oligocene). Deep marine conditions (between 350 and 750 m) prevailed until the Chattian (Late Oligocene), when the basins shoaled rapidly to subtidal/intertidal environment in tropical to subtropical conditions, as indicated by the macrofossil assemblages. We conclude that the emergence of this basin during the Chattian severely restricted the marine connection between an eastern (Indian Ocean) and western (Mediterranean) marine domain. If a connection persisted it was likely located south of the Bitlis–Zagros suture zone. The Kahramanmaraş basin, located on the northern Arabian promontory south of the Bitlis–Zagros suture zone, was a foreland basin during the Middle and Late Miocene, possibly linked to the Hatay basin to the west and the Lice basin to the east. Our data indicates that this foreland basin experienced shallow marine conditions during the Langhian, followed by a rapid deepening during Langhian/Serravallian and prevailing deep marine conditions (between 350 and 750 m) until the early Tortonian. We have dated the youngest sediments underneath a subduction-related thrust at
c
. 11 Ma and suggest that this corresponds to the end of underthrusting in the Kahramanmaraş region, i.e. the end of subduction of Arabia. This age coincides in time with the onset of eastern Anatolian volcanism, uplift of the East Anatolian Accretionary Complex, and the onset of the North and East Anatolian Fault Zones accommodating westward escape tectonics of Anatolia. After
c
. 11 Ma, the foreland basin south of the Bitlis formed not (or no longer) a deep marine connection along the northern margin of Arabia between the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean. We finally conclude that a causal link between gateway closure and global climate change to a cooler mode, recorded in the Mi3b event (δ
18
O increase) dated at 13.82 Ma, cannot be supported.
Long-term evolution of the North Anatolian Fault: new constraints from its eastern termination
Authors: Hubert-Ferrari Aurélia , King Geoffrey , Woerd Jérome van der , Villa Igor , Altunel Erhan , Armijo Rolando 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

The deformation and
40
Ar–
39
Ar dating of recent volcanism, that remarkably sits across the North Anatolian Fault eastern termination in Turkey, together with previous studies, put strong constraints on the long-term evolution of the fault. We argue that after a first phase of 10 Ma, characterized by a slip rate of about 3 mm/a, and during which most of the trace was established, the slip rate jumped to about 20 mm/a on average over the last 2.5 Ma, without substantial increase of the fault length. The transition correlates with a change in the geometry at the junction with the East Anatolian Fault that makes the extrusion process more efficient.
Mediterranean snapshots of accelerated slab retreat: subduction instability in stalled continental collision
Authors: Edwards M. A. , Grasemann B. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
This review of Mediterranean geodynamics highlights that the Mediterranean region captures at a fortuitous moment in time, a picture of the fate of foundering, old, cold oceanic lithosphere of limited area due to being landlocked in an all-but-stalled continental collision (Africa with Europe). We synthesize the geological spatial and temporal data for stretched crust as well as the 3D distribution of old abyssal plains and new oceanic lithosphere segments in concert with heat flow, palaeomagnetic data, geodetic velocity data, earthquake hypocentre distributions and seismic tomography. We use three Mediterranean subduction system settings (the western Mediterranean, the Hellenic and the Pannonian–Carpathian) that nicely reflect the slab instability and retreat. We assume that mantle slab dynamics best explains the observations. The dispersal and segmentation of the foundering landlocked ocean results in a series of discontinuous subduction zones whose individual lengths gradually diminish while retreat accelerates as slab progressively narrow and tear (i.e. along-strike laterally-propagating slab break-off) due to imminent total consumption of available oceanic lithosphere. We suggest that the Mediterranean region offers a lucid series of snapshots of accelerated slab retreat that, additionally, is globally unique as the only present day example of what we term intra-collisional landlocked ocean subduction.
Evolution of the southern Tyrrhenian slab tear and active tectonics along the western edge of the Tyrrhenian subducted slab
Authors: Argnani Andrea 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The evolution of the southern Tyrrhenian subduction has been possibly controlled by distinct episodes of slab break-off as indicated by a critical review of the geological literature and by the analysis of purposely acquired multichannel seismic profiles. Within the proposed interpretation the first episode occurred from 8.5 to 4.0 Ma and affected the segment of the slab located in the Sardinia Channel, causing the abandonment of the Adventure thrust front in western Sicily. The second episode occurred between 2.5 and 1.6 Ma, affecting the segment of slab located north of Sicily, and was preceeded by rifting in the Strait of Sicily. The space and time location of these episodes appear controlled by discontinuities pre-existing within the subducted African plate that trend at high angle to the advancing subduction front. These discontinuities delimit segment of subducted slab that can be affected by slab break-off and can act as wayouts for magma and mantle derived He. The major of these discontinuities, the Malta Escarpment, has been reactivated in the Quaternary as a trench-perpendicular tear (STEP faults). Ultimately, the hierarchy in strength of these trench-perpendicular features could have affected the timing and amount of trench retreat and backarc opening.
Insights from the Apennines metamorphic complexes and their bearing on the kinematics evolution of the orogen
Authors: Vignaroli Gianluca , Faccenna Claudio , Rossetti Federico , Jolivet Laurent 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The Apennine belt represents a typical orogenic segment of the western Mediterranean, characterized by the tectonic convergence between European and Africa plates after oceanic subduction. Both oceanic- and continent-derived metamorphic complexes, considered as the remnants of the subduction-exhumation cycle, crop out in the inner sectors of the Apennine belt, where extensional deformation has dominated since the Early Oligocene. We review the available structural, metamorphic and geochronological data coming from these metamorphic complexes in order to provide a kinematics reconstruction accounting for the tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Apennines, from oceanic subduction to final extensional reworking. During the Eocene, oceanic rocks were progressively subducted down to eclogite-facies conditions following a subduction-type metamorphic gradient. The transition from oceanic- to continental-subduction was coeval with a transition from subduction-type to Barrovian-type metamorphic gradient. Continental collision, at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, post-dated the syn-orogenic exhumation of HP-rocks and was synchronous with the onset of post-orogenic extension in the hinterland domains. Extensional deformation migrated to the east, following the forelandward migration of the thrust system at the trench. The concomitance of extension and compression is here related to fast rollback of the subducting plate and delamination of the lithospheric mantle below the subducted continental crust. Implications on how the subduction tectonics, syn-orogenic exhumation and post-orogenic extension could have controlled the circulation of HP-rocks in the developing Apennines are also discussed.
Middle Devonian microfloras from the Chigua Formation, Precordillera region, northwestern Argentina
Authors: Amenábar C. R. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Rich palynological assemblages have been obtained from the Middle Devonian Chigua Formation (Chinguillos Group, San Juan Province), western Precordillera, Argentina, at two new localities (Del Chaco and Don Agustín creeks). From the palyniferous levels at Del Chaco Creek, there are two assemblages: one is very rich in microplankton (assemblage 1) whereas the other is dominated by spores (assemblage 2). The level obtained from Don Agustín Creek, poorest in overall taxa, is also rich in microplankton (assemblage 3). Compared with coeval microfloras elsewhere, a late Emsian–early Eifelian, and an early Givetian age are proposed for the first and the second assemblages respectively. A third assemblage (assemblage 3) tentatively represents a timespan around the Givetian–Frasnian boundary. The proposed age based on the palynomorphs reinforces previous palaeontological records. Variation in the microplankton diversity, fluctuations in the microplankton/spore ratio and differences in acritarch morphology are used here to interpret changing proximity to palaeoshoreline and so to recognize fluctuations in relative sea level that occurred during the deposition of the Chigua Formation.