bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missed opportunities for human papillomavirus vaccination using Iowa's Immunization Registry Information System
Authors: Loper Ona R. , Schultz Jessica M. , Kintigh Bethany F. , Callaghan Donald J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeAdolescent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates continue to remain lower than other adolescent vaccines, both nationwide and in Iowa. This study examined predictors of missed opportunities for first‐dose HPV vaccine administrations in Iowa in order to conduct more targeted outreach and improve adolescent HPV vaccine uptake.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to identify predictors of missed opportunities for first‐dose HPV vaccination in Iowa adolescents using Iowa's Immunization Registry Information System. The study population included 154,905 adolescents aged 11‐15 years between 2019 and 2022. Missed opportunity for first‐dose HPV vaccination was defined as a vaccination encounter where an adolescent received a Tdap and/or MenACWY vaccine but did not receive the first‐dose HPV vaccine during the same encounter.FindingsOver a third of the study population experienced a missed opportunity for HPV vaccination between 2019 and 2022. Missed opportunity for vaccination was most common among individuals living in a rural county (aOR = 1.36), underinsured adolescents (aOR = 1.74), males (aOR = 1.12), teens 13‐15 years of age (aOR = 1.76), and White race and non‐Hispanic ethnicity.ConclusionThis study builds on previously reported predictors of missed opportunity for HPV vaccination in adolescents. Increased understanding of provider needs and barriers to administering HPV vaccination and further analysis of how the Vaccines for Children Program can play a role in HPV vaccination uptake is necessary to improve HPV vaccination rates among adolescents in Iowa and more specifically in rural communities.
How rural is All of Us? Comparing characteristics of rural participants in the National Institute of Health's All of Us Research Program to other national data sources
Authors: Graves Janessa M. , Beese Shawna R. , Abshire Demetrius A. , Bennett Kevin J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThe National Institute of Health's All of Us Research Program represents a national effort to develop a database to advance health research, especially among individuals historically underrepresented in research, including rural populations. The purpose of this study was to describe the rural populations identified in the All of Us Research Program using the only proxy measure currently available in the dataset.MethodsCurrently, the All of Us Research Program provides a proxy measure of rurality that identifies participants who self‐reported delaying care due to far travel distances associated with living in rural areas. Using the All of Us Controlled Tier Dataset v6, we compared sociodemographic and health characteristics of All of Us rural participants identified via this proxy to rural US residents from nationally representative data sources using chi‐squared tests.Results3.1% of 160,880 All of Us participants were rural, compared to 15%‐20% of US residents based on commonly accepted rural definitions. Proportionally more rural All of Us participants reported fair or poor health status, history of cancer, and history of heart disease (P<.01).ConclusionsThe All of Us measure may capture a subset of underserved participants who live in rural areas and experience health care access barriers due to distance. Researchers who use this proxy measure to characterize rurality should interpret their findings with caution due to differences in population and health characteristics using this proxy measure rural compared to other commonly used rural definitions.
Hindlimb myology in two piscivorous raptorial birds: a quantitative comparison of the osprey and the white‐tailed sea eagle (Aves, Accipitriformes)
Authors: Mosto M. C. , Picasso M. B. J. , Tudisca A. M. , Krone O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe hindlimbs of Accipitriformes are vital for capturing prey. Research on hindlimb musculature has primarily focused on species preferring avian and mammalian prey, whereas piscivorous species have received limited attention. This study aims to investigate the quantitative characteristics of hindlimb muscles in two piscivorous Accipitriformes, Pandion haliaetus and Haliaeetus albicilla, to discern potential muscular features associated with their specific food preference. The mass and proportion of all hindlimb muscles in both species were assessed based on their primary function (flexion or extension). A Kruskal‐Wallis test was employed to analyze possible differences in muscle mass between species. The allometric relationships between the muscles and body mass were explored with the reduced major axis method. Additionally, a study on the architectural parameters of the primary gripping muscles in P. haliaetus was conducted, using published information from other raptorial birds for comparison. The isometric scaling relationship predominated in the majority of individual muscles helping maintain a proportional relationship relative to body mass. Both species exhibited a similar pattern in terms of quantitative muscle features, implying a preservation of muscle characteristics linked to their predatory capabilities. The largest proportion of hindlimb muscle mass was dedicated to digit flexion in accordance with the grasping abilities of birds of prey. The muscles tibialis cranialis, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus exhibited the greatest mass, high physiological cross‐sectional area values, and long fibre, categorizing them as high‐power specialists. These muscles are crucial in the flexion movements that produce the gripping action that characterizes birds of prey. Although no statistically significant differences were detected, each species displayed slightly distinct muscular characteristics, particularly in the architectural properties of the flexor muscles controlling digits II, III, and IV. These variations seem to be associated with differences in their prey preferences.
Niche conservatism and spread explain introgression between native and invasive fish
Authors: Hartman Jordan H. , Corush Joel , Larson Eric R. , Tiemann Jeremy S. , Willink Philip W. , Davis Mark A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHybridisation can be an important driver of evolutionary change, but hybridisation with invasive species can have adverse effects on native biodiversity. While hybridisation has been documented across taxa, there is limited understanding of ecological factors promoting patterns of hybridisation and the spatial distribution of hybrid individuals. We combined the results of ecological niche modelling (ENM) and restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing to test theories of niche conservatism and biotic resistance on the success of invasion, admixture, and extent of introgression between native and non‐native fishes. We related Maxent predictions of habitat suitability based on the native ranges of invasive Eastern Banded Killifish (Fundulus diaphanus diaphanus Lesueur 1817) and native Western Banded Killifish (Fundulus diaphanus menona Jordan and Copeland 1877) to admixture indices of individual Banded Killifish. We found that Eastern Banded Killifish predominated at sites predicted as suitable from their ENM, consistent with niche conservatism. Admixed individuals were more common as Eastern Banded Killifish habitat suitability declined. We also found that Eastern Banded Killifish were most common at sites closest to the presumed source of this invasion, whereas the proportion of admixed individuals increased with distance from the source of invasion. Lastly, we found little evidence that habitat suitability for Western Banded Killifish provides biotic resistance from either displacement by, or admixture with, invasive Eastern Banded Killifish. Our study demonstrates that ENMs can inform conservation‐relevant outcomes between native and invasive taxa while emphasising the importance of protecting isolated Western Banded Killifish populations from invasive conspecifics.
Investigating a Vocal Improvisatory Genre (Mawwāl) in Arab Music: a Case Study of a Mawwāl Performance by Wadī‘ al‐Ṣāfī
Authors: Shair Nabil 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTAlthough recent decades have witnessed a significant growth and expansion of studies dealing with the performing practice of Arab music improvisation, most such studies are focused on instrumental, not vocal, performing practices. As a result, Arab vocal performing practice, especially that of vocal improvisatory genres, still lacks a comprehensive theoretical approach. In this article I examine the maqām (Arab modal framework) phenomenon by analysing a piece in its pre‐eminent improvisatory genre (mawwāl) composed and performed by an eminent musician: mawwāl ‘Ṭal al‐Ṣabāḥ’ by Wadī‘ al‐Ṣāfī. Most vocal improvisation is presented in Arab music literature without a defined or definite melodic (or rhythmic) structure. I posit that the mawwāl genre has defined and quasi‐defined structures on the macro and micro levels of the piece, since a major part of those structures is manifested as recurring, defined compositional devices and interrelationships throughout the piece within the improvisational frame of the mawwāl genre, a reflection of its structural intricacy. This article thus contributes to the existing literature on classical Arab vocal performance by implementing the theory of natural schemata as an analytical framework along with a structural analysis based on a detailed descriptive transcription of the piece, and thus characterising the largest and smallest strata of musical structures in the mawwāl genre.
Redox signalling in plant–nematode interactions: Insights into molecular crosstalk and defense mechanisms
Authors: Hasan M. Shamim , Lin Ching‐Jung , Marhavy Peter , Kyndt Tina , Siddique Shahid 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlant–parasitic nematodes, specifically cyst nematodes (CNs) and root‐knot nematodes (RKNs), pose significant threats to global agriculture, leading to substantial crop losses. Both CNs and RKNs induce permanent feeding sites in the root of their host plants, which then serve as their only source of nutrients throughout their lifecycle. Plants deploy reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a primary defense mechanism against nematode invasion. Notably, both CNs and RKNs have evolved sophisticated strategies to manipulate the host's redox environment to their advantage, with each employing distinct tactics to combat ROS. In this review, we have focused on the role of ROS and its scavenging network in interactions between host plants and CNs and RKNs. Overall, this review emphasizes the complex interplay between plant defense mechanism, redox signalling and nematode survival tactics, suggesting potential avenues for developing innovative nematode management strategies in agriculture.
Epstein–Barr virus‐associated post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders in pediatric transplantation: A prospective multicenter study in the United States
Authors: Tajima Tetsuya , Martinez Olivia M. , Bernstein Daniel , Boyd Scott D. , Gratzinger Dita , Lum Grant , Sasaki Kazunari , Tan Brent , Twist Clare J. , Weinberg Kenneth , Armstrong Brian , Desai Dev M. , Mazariegos George V. , Chin Clifford , Fishbein Thomas M. , Tekin Akin , Venick Robert S. , Krams Sheri M. , Esquivel Carlos O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEpstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) is the most common malignancy in children after transplant; however, difficulties for early detection may worsen the prognosis.MethodsThe prospective, multicenter, study enrolled 944 children (≤21 years of age). Of these, 872 received liver, heart, kidney, intestinal, or multivisceral transplants in seven US centers between 2014 and 2019 (NCT02182986). In total, 34 pediatric EBV+ PTLD (3.9%) were identified by biopsy. Variables included sex, age, race, ethnicity, transplanted organ, EBV viral load, pre‐transplant EBV serology, immunosuppression, response to chemotherapy and rituximab, and histopathological diagnosis.ResultsThe uni−/multivariable competing risk analyses revealed the combination of EBV‐seropositive donor and EBV‐naïve recipient (D+R−) was a significant risk factor for PTLD development (sub‐hazard ratio: 2.79 [1.34–5.78], p = .006) and EBV DNAemia (2.65 [1.72–4.09], p < .001). Patients with D+R− were significantly more associated with monomorphic/polymorphic PTLD than those with the other combinations (p = .02). Patients with monomorphic/polymorphic PTLD (n = 21) had significantly more EBV DNAemia than non‐PTLD patients (p < .001) and an earlier clinical presentation of PTLD than patients with hyperplasias (p < .001), within 6‐month post‐transplant. Among non‐liver transplant recipients, monomorphic/polymorphic PTLD were significantly more frequent than hyperplasias in patients ≥5 years of age at transplant (p = .01).ConclusionsD+R− is a risk factor for PTLD and EBV DNAemia and associated with the incidence of monomorphic/polymorphic PTLD. Intensive follow‐up of EBV viral load within 6‐month post‐transplant, especially for patients with D+R− and/or non‐liver transplant recipients ≥5 years of age at transplant, may help detect monomorphic/polymorphic PTLD early in pediatric transplant.
“Take it or leave it”: Analysis of pediatric heart offers for transplantation in Switzerland
Authors: Maire Stéphane , Schweiger Martin , Immer Franz , Prêtre René , Di Bernardo Stefano , Kadner Alexander , Glöckler Martin , Balmer Christian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a shortage of donor hearts in Switzerland, especially for pediatric recipients. However, the rate and reason for refusals of pediatric donor hearts offered in Switzerland has not been systematically analyzed.MethodsThe national transplant database, Swiss Organ Allocation System, was searched for all hearts from Swiss and foreign donors younger than 16 years from 2015 to 2020. The numbers of accepted and refused hearts and early outcome were assessed, and the reasons for refusal were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 136 organs were offered to the three Swiss pediatric heart centers and foreign donor procurement organizations. Of these, 26/136 (19%) organs were accepted and transplanted: 18 hearts were transplanted in Switzerland, and 13 of these were foreign. Reasons for refusal were (1) no compatible recipient due to blood group or weight mismatch, 89.4%; (2) medical, meaning organ too marginal for transplantation, 7.4%; (3) logistic, 1.4%; and (4) other, 1.8%. Five organs were refused in Switzerland by one center but later accepted and successfully transplanted by another center. Hearts from outside Switzerland were transplanted significantly less than Swiss hearts (n = 16/120 vs. 10/16, p < .001).ConclusionThe most common reason for refusing a pediatric donor heart is lack of compatibility with the recipient. Few hearts are refused for medical reasons. A more generous acceptance seems to be justified in selected patients. Switzerland receives a high number of foreign offers, but their rate of acceptance is lower than that of Swiss donations.
Analysis of an age‐space structured tuberculosis model with treatment and relapse
Authors: Wang Jinliang , Lyu Guoyang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper concerns with the global threshold dynamics of a Tuberculosis (TB) model incorporating age‐space structure, treatment, and relapse. The original model is converted into a hybrid system comprising two Volterra integral equations and two partial differential equations by integrating along the characteristic line. The well‐posedness for the model is demonstrated by using the fixed point theory in conjunction with the induction method. In order to discuss whether a disease is persistent or extinct, we provide the explicit formulation of the basic reproduction number. By analyzing the distribution of the characteristic roots of the characteristic equations and constructing the proper Lyapunov functionals, the local and global stability for the steady states are addressed. Numerical simulations are conducted to confirm the conclusions of our analytical results and reveal that reduction of the TB transmission coefficient, reduction of infectiousness of treated individuals infected with TB, and increasing the treatment rate of infectious class are three feasible measures to control the transmission of TB.
Socioeconomic inequalities and the role of sectoral foreign aid in developing countries
Authors: Maruta Admasu Asfaw , Banerjee Rajabrata 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUsing a panel threshold regression approach, we consider multiple dimensions of socioeconomic inequalities and examine their heterogeneous relationships with sectoral foreign aid. Conditioned on the level of socioeconomic development, three types of inequality and four channels of sectoral foreign aid are considered. We use a comprehensive dataset covering 65 aid‐recipient countries from 1990 to 2017 and find that education aid effectively reduces inequalities but only when the level of institutional quality and other socioeconomic factors is above its 75th percentile value in our sample. These results are robust to alternative measures of income inequality, aid and estimation strategies.
A comprehensive MRI investigation to identify potential biomarkers of Osgood Schlatter disease in adolescents: A cross sectional study comparing Osgood Schlatter disease with controls
Authors: Sørensen L. B. , Holden S. , Oei E. H. G. , Magnusson S. P. , Olesen J. L. , Dean B. J. F. , Hever M. , Lyng K. , Rathleff M. S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundOsgood–Schlatter disease (OSD) is the most common knee pain complaint among adolescents playing sports. Despite this, there remains controversy over the pathophysiology and whether specific anatomical characteristics are associated with OSD.PurposeThis study aimed to systematically and comprehensively characterize adolescents with OSD using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to pain‐free controls, including both tissue abnormalities that may be associated with OSD, as well as anatomical characteristics. A secondary objective was to identify potential imaging biomarkers associated with pain.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsAdolescents with OSD and controls were recruited from 2020 to 2022. Following a clinical exam, demographics, pain, sports participation, and Tanner stage were collected. Knee MRI was conducted on the participants' most symptomatic knee (OSD) or the dominant leg (controls).ResultsSixty‐seven adolescents (46 with OSD and 30 controls) were included. 80% of participants with OSD had at least one tissue alteration compared to 54% of controls. Compared to controls, OSD had 36.3 (95%CI 4.5 to 289.7) higher odds of bony oedema at the tibial tuberosity, and 32.7 (95%CI 4.1 to 260.6) and 5.3 (95%CI 0.6 to 46.2) higher odds of bony oedema at the tibial epiphysis and metaphysis respectively. Participants with OSD also had higher odds of fluid/oedema at the patellar tendon (12.3 95%CI 3.3 to 46.6), and superficial infrapatellar bursitis (7.2). Participants with OSD had a more proximal tendon attachment (mean tibial attachment portion difference, −0.05, 95% CI: −0.1 to 0.0, p = 0.02), tendon thickness (proximal mean difference, −0.09, 95% CI: −0.4 to 0.2, p = 0.04; distal mean difference, −0.6, 95% CI: −0.9 to −0.2, p = 0.01). Those with bony/tendon oedema had 1.8 points (95% CI: 0.3 to 3.2) higher pain on palpation than those without (t = −2.5, df = 26.6, p = 0.019), but there was no difference between these groups in a functional single leg pain provocation.ConclusionAdolescents with OSD present with tissue and structural abnormalities on MRI that differed from age‐matched controls. The majority had findings in the patellar tendon and bone, which often co‐occurred. However, a small proportion of OSD also presents without alterations. It appears these findings may be associated with clinical OSD‐related pain on palpation of the tibial tuberosity.Clinical RelevanceOur highlight the pathophysiology on imaging, which has implications for understanding the mechanism and treatment of OSD.
In Vitro Assessment of Knee Joint Biomechanics Using a Virtual Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Vakili Samira , Vivacqua Thiago , Getgood Alan , Willing Ryan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Understanding the biomechanical impact of injuries and reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is vital for improving surgical treatments that restore normal knee function. The purpose of this study was to develop a technique that enables parametric analysis of the effect of the ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in cadaver knees, by replacing its contributions with that of a specimen-specific virtual ACLR that can be enabled, disabled, or modified. Twelve ACLR reconstructed knees were mounted onto a motion simulator. In situ ACLR graft forces were measured using superposition, and these data were used to design specimen-specific virtual ACLRs that would yield the same ligament force-elongation behaviors. Tests were then repeated using the virtual ACLR in place of the real ACLR and following that in ACL deficient knee by disabling the virtual ACLR. In comparison to the ACL deficient state, the virtual ACLRs were able to restore knee stability to the same extent as real ACLRs. The average differences between the anterior tibial translation (ATT) of the virtual ACLR versus the real ACLR were +1.6 ± 0.9 mm (p = 0.4), +2.1 ± 0.4 mm (p = 0.4), and +1.0 ± 0.9 mm (p = 0.4) during Anterior drawer, Lachman and Pivot-shift tests, respectively, which is small in comparison to the full ATT range of motion (ROM) of these knees. Therefore, we conclude that a virtual ACLR can be used in place of real ACLR during biomechanical testing of cadaveric knees. This capability opens the door for future studies that can leverage parameterization of the ACLR for surgical design optimization.
Heliostat Consortium: Gap Analysis on State of the Art in Wind Load Design
Authors: Emes Matthew , Yellapantula Shashank , Sment Jeremy , Armijo Kenneth , Muller Matthew , Mehos Mark , Brost Randy , Arjomandi Maziar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Wind loads are a major driver of heliostat cost. Standardized methods and tools are needed for a more detailed understanding of the static and dynamic loads of a heliostat design. This will enable cost reduction of wind-dependent heliostats to avoid unnecessarily conservative heliostat designs and increase field efficiency and reliability to reduce the risk of component failures due to high-wind events. Gaps related to wind load include lack of site characterization for wind measurements, insufficient critical load cases for heliostat design, insufficient understanding of turbulence impacts on heliostat tracking error, lack of knowledge on wind load under various heliostat array configurations, and underexplored heliostat field wind-load reduction and operating strategies. Recommended pathway forward is to develop wind load and site characterization guidelines for heliostat design and develop heliostat field wind-load models with optical performance impacts.