bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carcinoembryonic antigen potentiates non-small cell lung cancer progression via PKA-PGC-1ɑ axis
Authors: Lei Juan , Wu Lei , Zhang Nan , Liu Xudong , Zhang Jiangang , Kuang Liwen , Chen Jiongming , Chen Yijiao , Li Dairong , Li Yongsheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor-associated antigen primarily produced by tumor cells. It has been implicated in various biological processes such as cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis. Despite this, the precise molecular mechanisms through which CEA enhances tumor cell proliferation remain largely unclear. Our study demonstrates that CEA enhances the proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) while also inhibiting cisplatin-induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Treatment with CEA led to an increase in mitochondrial numbers and accumulation of lipid droplets in A549 and H1299 cells. Additionally, our findings indicate that CEA plays a role in regulating the fatty acid metabolism of NSCLC cells. Inhibiting fatty acid metabolism significantly reduced the CEA-mediated proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells. CEA influences fatty acid metabolism and the proliferation of NSCLC cells by activating the PGC-1α signaling pathway. This regulatory mechanism involves CEA increasing intracellular cAMP levels, which in turn activates PKA and upregulates PGC-1α. In NSCLC, inhibiting the PKA-PGC-1α signaling pathway reduces both fatty acid metabolism and the proliferation and migration induced by CEA, both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that CEA contributes to the promotion of proliferation and migration by modulating fatty acid metabolism. Targeting CEA or the PKA-PGC-1ɑ signaling pathway may offer a promising therapeutic approach for treating NSCLC.
Successful treatment with fenestration followed by daily decortication and negative-pressure wound therapy for acute exacerbation of chronic empyema: a case report
Authors: Morimoto Junichi , Fujiwara Taiki , Karita Ryo , Yusa Jotaro , Shiba Mitsutoshi , Iida Tomohiko 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Most cases of chronic empyema are caused by acute thoracic empyema or tuberculous pleuritis. Open thoracotomy and decortication are traditional treatments for chronic empyema. However, some cases, such as those with thick calcifications around a large cavity, may be difficult to decorticate in a single surgery. We successfully treated a case of chronic empyema with a large cavity surrounded by a thick calcified membrane that was peeled off gradually each day through fenestration of the thoracic cavity with negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT).

Case presentation
The patient was a 47-year-old man who had undergone thoracic drainage for left post-pneumonia empyema at another hospital 10 years previously. He presented to our hospital with a fever of 39 °C, bloody sputum, and severe fatigue for 3 days. Computed tomography showed a 9-cm mass shadow in the left intralobar space and an adjacent 21 × 15 × 9-cm fluid-filled calcified unilocular cavity up to 5 mm in thickness. He underwent thoracic drainage for fluid, and empyema was suspected; the fluid was foul-smelling and purulent. The patient did not improve with antibiotics and intrathoracic lavage; therefore, thoracoscopic decortication was performed. The thoracic cavity had a thick calcified membrane filled with dark-red slurry resembling old blood. We attempted decortication; however, the calcified membrane was difficult to remove. Two drains were used for the pleural lavage. However, no improvement was observed with intrathoracic lavage and drainage; therefore, a fenestration was performed. The calcified membrane was peeled off each day for 3 months. Gradually, granulation increased and the inflammatory reaction improved. After NPWT, the empyema cavity gradually shrank to 8 cm × 6 cm × 2 cm. A latissimus dorsi flap closure was performed, and the patient was discharged.

Conclusions
This is an informative report on the daily decortication of a highly calcified purulent membrane using NPWT in a patient with chronic empyema. The description of this method will aid in the management of patients with chronic empyema and thick calcified membranes.
Unravelling the possibilities: a cross-over randomised controlled feasibility trial on immersive virtual reality in haemodialysis
Authors: Smyth Wendy , McArdle Joleen , Heinrich Gwenn , Manickam Valli , Lee Ickjai , Holdsworth Jason , Omonaiye Olumuyiwa , Nagle Cate 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Research pertaining to the use of Virtual Reality (VR) in various healthcare settings is emerging. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of immersive VR in a haemodialysis setting and its effects on patients’ adherence to dialysis regimens and quality of life in an Australian renal service.

Trial design
A crossover Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) was conducted in regional Queensland, Australia. The CONSORT reporting guidelines were used.

Methods
The intervention was the use of immersive VR headsets to view three scenarios designed to represent the country of northern Queensland. Intervention and control periods were each four weeks’ duration, with a one-week washout period. The primary objective was to compare participants’ attendance at scheduled haemodialysis sessions between intervention and control periods. Secondary objectives included comparing adherence to fluid allowances, and changes in quality-of-life measures. Adult patients attending haemodialysis treatments three times per week were eligible. Data were gathered from medical records, the self-reported AQoL 6D scale, the K-5 scale and participant feedback. A survey was used to obtain clinicians’ feedback on the feasibility of immersive VR reality in this setting.

Results
Data were obtained for the 34 patients who completed the trial (one participant was withdrawn from the study) and 49 staff who completed the clinicians’ survey. No harm or adverse events occurred. There were no statistically significant differences in attendance or adherence to fluid allowances between the intervention and control periods. Improvements in quality of life and mental wellbeing for participants who had lower self-reported measures at the commencement of the trial. Feedback from patients and clinicians was positive overall. Patients suggested modifications to the scenarios for enhanced engagement with VR.

Conclusions
Results suggest haemodialysis patients can benefit from VR while on treatment. Further trials with larger sample sizes are needed to determine relationships between VR usage and patient outcomes.

Trial registration
The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR). Registration number: ACTRN12621000732886. Registration date 01/06/2021.
HSD17B1 Compensates for HSD17B3 Deficiency in Fetal Mouse Testis but Not in Adults
Authors: Junnila Arttu , Zhang Fu-Ping , Martínez Nieto Guillermo , Hakkarainen Janne , Mäkelä Juho-Antti , Ohlsson Claes , Sipilä Petra , Poutanen Matti 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase (HSD17B) enzymes convert 17-ketosteroids to 17beta-hydroxysteroids, an essential step in testosterone biosynthesis. Human XY individuals with inactivating HSD17B3 mutations are born with female-appearing external genitalia due to testosterone deficiency. However, at puberty their testosterone production reactivates, indicating HSD17B3-independent testosterone synthesis. We have recently shown that Hsd17b3 knockout (3-KO) male mice display a similar endocrine imbalance, with high serum androstenedione and testosterone in adulthood, but milder undermasculinization than humans. Here, we studied whether HSD17B1 is responsible for the remaining HSD17B activity in the 3-KO male mice by generating a Ser134Ala point mutation that disrupted the enzymatic activity of HSD17B1 (1-KO) followed by breeding Hsd17b1/Hsd17b3 double-KO (DKO) mice. In contrast to 3-KO, inactivation of both HSD17B3 and HSD17B1 in mice results in a dramatic drop in testosterone synthesis during the fetal period. This resulted in a female-like anogenital distance at birth, and adult DKO males displayed more severe undermasculinization than 3-KO, including more strongly reduced weight of seminal vesicles, levator ani, epididymis, and testis. However, qualitatively normal spermatogenesis was detected in adult DKO males. Furthermore, similar to 3-KO mice, high serum testosterone was still detected in adult DKO mice, accompanied by upregulation of various steroidogenic enzymes. The data show that HSD17B1 compensates for HSD17B3 deficiency in fetal mouse testis but is not the enzyme responsible for testosterone synthesis in adult mice with inactivated HSD17B3. Therefore, other enzymes are able to convert androstenedione to testosterone in the adult mouse testis and presumably also in the human testis.
Scenarios of Delayed First Births and Associated Cohort Fertility Levels
Authors: Winkler-Dworak Maria , Pohl Maria , Beaujouan Eva 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fertility rates among individuals in their 20s have fallen sharply across Europe over the past 50 years. The implications of delayed first births for fertility levels in modern family regimes remain little understood. Using microsimulation models of childbearing and partnership for the 1970–1979 birth cohorts in Italy, Great Britain, Sweden, and Norway, we implement fictive scenarios that reduce the risk of having a first child before age 30 and examine fertility recovery mechanisms for aggregate fertility indicators (the proportion of women with at least one, two, three, or four children; cohort completed fertility rate). Exposure to a first birth increases systematically in the ages following the simulated reduction in first-birth risks, leading to a structural recovery in childbearing that varies across countries according to their fertility and partnership regimes. Full recovery requires an increase in late first-birth risks, with greater increases in countries where late family formation is uncommon and average family sizes are larger: in scenarios where early fertility declines substantially (a linear decline from 50% at age 15 to 0% at age 30), first-birth risks above age 30 would have to increase by 54% in Great Britain, 40% in Norway and Sweden, and 20% in Italy to keep completed fertility constant.
The Effect of Tranexamic Acid on Neurosurgical Intervention in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hematoma: Data From 121 Surgically Treated Participants From the Tranexamic Acid in IntraCerebral Hemorrhage-2 Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hollingworth Milo , Woodhouse Lisa J. , Law Zhe K. , Ali Azlinawati , Krishnan Kailash , Dineen Robert A. , Christensen Hanne , England Timothy J. , Roffe Christine , Werring David , Peters Nils , Ciccone Alfonso , Robinson Thompson , Członkowska Anna , Bereczki Dániel , Egea-Guerrero Juan José , Ozturk Serefnur , Bath Philip M. , Sprigg Nikola 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
An important proportion of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) undergo neurosurgical intervention to reduce mass effect from large hematomas and control the complications of bleeding, including hematoma expansion and hydrocephalus. The Tranexamic acid (TXA) for hyperacute primary IntraCerebral Hemorrhage (TICH-2) trial demonstrated that tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces the risk of hematoma expansion. We hypothesized that TXA would reduce the frequency of surgery (primary outcome) and improve functional outcome at 90 days in surgically treated patients in the TICH-2 data set.

METHODS:
Participants enrolled in TICH-2 were randomized to placebo or TXA. Participants randomized to either TXA or placebo were analyzed for whether they received neurosurgery within 7 days and their characteristics, outcomes, hematoma volumes (HVs) were compared. Characteristics and outcomes of participants who received surgery were also compared with those who did not.

RESULTS:
Neurosurgery was performed in 5.2% of participants (121/2325), including craniotomy (57%), hematoma drainage (33%), and external ventricular drainage (21%). The number of patients receiving surgery who received TXA vs placebo were similar at 4.9% (57/1153) and 5.5% (64/1163), respectively (odds ratio [OR] 0.893; 95% CI 0.619-1.289; P-value = .545). TXA did not improve outcome compared with placebo in either surgically treated participants (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.30-2.09; P = .64) or those undergoing hematoma evacuation by drainage or craniotomy (OR 1.19 95% 0.51-2.78; P-value = .69). Postoperative HV was not reduced by TXA (mean difference −8.97 95% CI −23.77, 5.82; P-value = .45).

CONCLUSION:
TXA was not associated with less neurosurgical intervention, reduced HV, or improved outcomes after surgery.
A short guide to addressing accessibility at scientific conferences
Authors: McClurg Urszula Lucja 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Although encouraging progress to address issues of accessibility at scientific conferences has been made in recent years, further efforts are required to enact the comprehensive solutions necessary to accommodate the diverse needs of disabled scientists. This Opinion provides an easy-to-follow guide to ensuring that scientific conferences are accessible to disabled scientists and is aimed at conference organizers and funders in the field of cell biology. In this piece, I, a person who identifies as a disabled scientist, advocate for collective action within the cell biology community to promote the routine inclusion of accessibility officers on conference organizing panels and the use of accessibility checklists as part of applications for conference funding in order to build inclusive practices into conference planning and organization. I propose a move away from requiring personal disclosures of disability needs on a person-to-person basis towards community-agreed guidelines that ensure accessibility for scientists with a wide variety of needs. To that end, I detail a list of practical, cost-effective adjustments to standard conference activities that can enhance accessibility. Moreover, I suggest several long-term, high-impact changes – including guaranteeing the availability of wheelchair-accessible facilities and making hybrid meeting formats standard – aimed at enabling conference participation for all scientists.
Impact of an Online Risk Calculator for Sentinel Node Positivity on Management of Patients with T1 and T2 Melanomas
Authors: Winder Alec A. , Boyer Zoe , Ch’ng Sydney , Stretch Jonathan R. , Saw Robyn P. M. , Shannon Kerwin F. , Pennington Thomas E. , Nieweg Omgo E. , Varey Alexander H. R. , Scolyer Richard A. , Thompson John F. , Cust Anne E. , Lo Serigne N. , Spillane Andrew J. , Smith Andrea L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Predicting which patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T1–T2 melanomas will have a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) is challenging. Melanoma Institute Australia (MIA) developed an internationally validated SLN metastatic risk calculator. This study evaluated the nomogram’s impact on T1–T2 melanoma patient management at MIA.

Methods
SLN biopsy (SLNB) rates were compared for the pre- and post-nomogram periods of 1 July 2018–30 June 2019 and 1 August 2020–31 July 2021, respectively.

Results
Overall, 850 patients were identified (pre-nomogram, 383; post-nomogram, 467). SLNB was performed in 29.0% of patients in the pre-nomogram group and 34.5% in the post-nomogram group (p = 0.091). The overall positivity rate was 16.2% in the pre-nomogram group and 14.9% in the post-nomogram group (p = 0.223). SLNB was performed less frequently in T1a melanoma patients in the pre-nomogram group (1.1%, n = 2/177) than in the post-nomogram group (8.6%, n = 17/198) [p ≤ 0.001]. This increase was particularly for melanomas with a risk score ≥ 5%, with an SLN positivity rate of 11.8% in the post-nomogram group (p = 0.004) compared with zero. For T1b melanomas with a risk score of > 10%, the SLNB rate was 40.0% (8/20) pre-nomogram and 75.0% (12/16) post-nomogram (p = 0.049).

Conclusions
In this specialized center, the SLN risk calculator appears to influence practice for melanomas previously considered low risk for metastasis, with increased use of SLNB for T1a and higher-risk T1b melanomas. Further evaluation is required across broader practice settings. Melanoma management guidelines could be updated to incorporate the availability of nomograms to better select patients for SLNB than previous criteria.
FEATURES OF THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EDIBLE HONEYSUCKLE FRUITS (LONICERA, CAPRIFOLIACEAE) IN RUSSIA
Authors: Sorokopudov Vladimir N. , Kuklina Alla G. , Tsybulko Natalia S. , Lebedev Dmitriy V. 
Published: May 2024

Background. The study of the biochemical composition of the fruits of rare and non-traditional berry crops will create a favorable basis for modern breeding work.
Purpose. The aim of the work was to biochemically analyze edible fruits of 3 species from the genus Lonicera L. (Caprifoliaceae) for the content of anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids.
Material and methods. The object of the study were 13 varieties and 5 selected forms of blue honeysuckle L. caerulea L. (subs. Caeruleae Rehd.), cultivated in Moscow and Belgorod. Two endemic species with edible fruits have also been studied: from Kazakhstan - Ili honeysuckle L. iliensis Pojark. (subsec. Caeruleae) and from Japan slender honeysuckle L. gracilipes Miq. (subsection Purpurascentes Rehd.). The study was conducted in 2020-2023 in the laboratories of All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Moscow) and the Sakhalin branch of the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) according to generally accepted methods based on Pharmacopoeia articles of the State Pharmacopoeia (XIV edition).
Results. It was found that the fruits of L. caerulea are valuable due to the high content of anthocyanins (870 to mg%) and other biologically active substances. Simultaneously with ascorbic acid (up to 32.3 mg% in Chernichka variety), various bioflavonoids are present in the juice of L.caerulea fruits: rutin, isoquercetin, quercetin, luteolin, diosmin and catechins. These biologically active components mutually enhance the effect of each other, that is, they are synergistic. With a high content of pectins, eating the fruits of edible honeysuckle supports immunity and promotes the elimination of radionuclides from the body. L. iliensis has been introduced in Russia for a long time. A mild and warm climate is favorable for the shrub, it is rarely cultivated. The fruits of L.iliensis are dark blue, rounded, weighing 0.2-0.3 g, sweet and sour taste, without bitterness. In Japan, the fruits of L. gracilipes var. glandulosa Maxim. they are eaten fresh and processed, they are red-purple in color and have a sweet and sour taste. Data on the biochemical composition of edible fruits of rare species in culture L. iliensis and L. gracilipes var. glandulosa, which can be used for breeding purposes.
Conclusion. Data were obtained on the biochemical composition of edible fruits of L. caerulea, as well as species rare in cultivation L. iliensis and L. gracilipes var. glandulosa that can be used for breeding purposes.
ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF PAIN IN THE TREATMENT OF PLANTAR FASCIITIS BY EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE THERAPY
Authors: Muradova Akhu Myuzhgyan Yavuz , Kozlov Vasily V. 
Published: May 2024

Background. Heel discomfort is caused by plantar fasciitis in both active and sedentary people of all ages. Obese people and people who spend most of their time on their feet are more susceptible to this disease. Most of the interventions used to treat plantar fasciitis have not been adequately studied.
Purpose: to prove the effectiveness of the impact of shock wave therapy and stretching of the calf muscles on plantar fasciitis.
Methods. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy as the sole treatment and in combination with calf stretching exercises on a stair treadmill; assessment of the level of pain according to the VAS and AOFAS scales, the method of statistical analysis.
Results. Statistically significant differences in the assessments of the level of pain according to the VAS and AOFAS scales were obtained in the treatment of heel pain in plantar fasciitis. At the same time, pain assessment on the AOFAS scale reflected a statistically significantly more pronounced effect of treatment when combined with extracorporeal shock wave therapy in combination with a set of exercises for stretching the calf muscles.
Conclusion. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy can be effectively used for chronic pain localized in the calcaneus and caused by plantar fasciitis. The greatest effect is observed in patients receiving ESWT and exercises for stretching the calf muscles in the complex.
USING DIFFERENT MODIFICATIONS OF THE ALLIUM TEST TO EVALUATE RADIOTOXICITY OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE YENISEI RIVER
Authors: Bolsunovsky Alexander Ya. , Trofimova Elena A. 
Published: May 2024

Background. Bottom sediments (BS) of the Yenisei River contain xenobiotics of the chemical and radiation origins, which may adversely affect life functions of aquatic organisms. Previous assays of BS samples using the Allium test showed contradictory responses of the endpoints of onion bulbs (stimulation and inhibition) to the chemical and radionuclide composition of the BS. The Allium test with germinated seeds has not been used so far to test samples of the Yenisei BS, although previous studies showed sensitivity of this test object to exposure to low-dose gamma radiation.
Purpose. The purpose of the study was to assess the possibility of using two modifications of the Allium test (A. cepa bulbs and seeds) to evaluate toxicity of samples of the Yenisei River BS containing relatively high activity concentrations of artificial radionuclides.
Material and Methods. Toxicological laboratory experiments were conducted using three samples of the Yenisei BS containing high activity concentrations of the artificial radionuclide 137Cs; artificial BS prepared according to the standard protocol were used as the control. Activity concentrations of BS radionuclides were measured using a gamma-spectrometer coupled to a hyper-pure germanium detector (Canberra, U.S.). The test object was onion Allium cepa L. cv. Stuttgarter Riesen (bulbs and seeds). Root growth was chosen as the endpoint to determine BS toxicity.
Results. Experiments with radioactive BS from the Yenisei River demonstrated significant stimulation of root growth in the modification with onion bulbs and inhibition of root growth in the modification with onion seeds. In previous research, stimulation of root growth was observed in onion bulbs exposed to Yenisei BS containing lower activity concentrations of 137Cs. For the first time, inhibition of root growth of onion seedlings was observed in assays with BS containing a wide range of 137Cs activity concentrations.
Conclusion. Comparison of two modifications of the Allium test (bulbs and seeds) for assessing the toxicity of BS showed that only the growth of onion seedling roots used as an endpoint has sufficient sensitivity to the content of the artificial radionuclide 137Cs in BS and makes it possible to evaluate the biological effects of radioactivity.
Funding. The study was funded by State Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project No. 0287-2021-0019).