bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in neural responses to stress and alcohol context cues
Authors: Seo Dongju , Jia Zhiru , Lacadie Cheryl M. , Tsou Kristen A. , Bergquist Keri , Sinha Rajita 
Published: December 2010

AbstractStress and alcohol context cues are each associated with alcohol‐related behaviors, yet neural responses underlying these processes remain unclear. This study investigated the neural correlates of stress and alcohol context cue experiences and examined sex differences in these responses. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, brain responses were examined while 43 right‐handed, socially drinking, healthy individuals (23 females) engaged in brief guided imagery of personalized stress, alcohol‐cue, and neutral‐relaxing scenarios. Stress and alcohol‐cue exposure increased activity in the cortico–limbic–striatal circuit (P< 0.01, corrected), encompassing the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left anterior insula, striatum, and visuomotor regions (parietal and occipital lobe, and cerebellum). Activity in the left dorsal striatum increased during stress, while bilateral ventral striatum activity was evident during alcohol‐cue exposure. Men displayed greater stress‐related activations in the mPFC, rostral ACC, posterior insula, amygdala, and hippocampus than women, whereas women showed greater alcohol‐cue‐related activity in the superior and middle frontal gyrus (SFG/MFG) than men. Stress‐induced anxiety was positively associated with activity in emotion‐modulation regions, including the medial OFC, ventromedial PFC, left superior‐mPFC, and rostral ACC in men, but in women with activation in the SFG/MFG, regions involved in cognitive processing. Alcohol craving was significantly associated with the striatum (encompassing dorsal, and ventral) in men, supporting its involvement in alcohol “urge” in healthy men. These results indicate sex differences in neural processing of stress and alcohol‐cue experiences and have implications for sex‐specific vulnerabilities to stress‐ and alcohol‐related psychiatric disorders. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Finding your voice: A singing lesson from functional imaging
Authors: Wilson Sarah J. , Abbott David F. , Lusher Dean , Gentle Ellen C. , Jackson Graeme D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractVocal singing (singing with lyrics) shares features common to music and language but it is not clear to what extent they use the same brain systems, particularly at the higher cortical level, and how this varies with expertise. Twenty‐six participants of varying singing ability performed two functional imaging tasks. The first examined covert generative language using orthographic lexical retrieval while the second required covert vocal singing of a well‐known song. The neural networks subserving covert vocal singing and language were found to be proximally located, and their extent of cortical overlap varied with singing expertise. Nonexpert singers showed greater engagement of their language network during vocal singing, likely accounting for their less tuneful performance. In contrast, expert singers showed a more unilateral pattern of activation associated with reduced engagement of the right frontal lobe. The findings indicate that singing expertise promotes independence from the language network with decoupling producing more tuneful performance. This means that the age‐old singing practice of ‘finding your singing voice’ may be neurologically mediated by changing how strongly singing is coupled to the language system. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regional variations in medical spending and utilization: a longitudinal analysis of US Medicare population
Authors: Rettenmaier Andrew J. , Wang Zijun 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYOne of the perceived symptoms of US Medicare inefficiency is the existence of the dramatic variation in spending and utilization in different areas of the country. This study uses the Continuous Medicare History Sample, a large longitudinal 5% sample of all Medicare beneficiaries from 1974 to 2003, to study the issue. We show that the spending and utilization disparities are significant at the aggregate state level. More importantly, the variation shows signs of narrowing over time, particularly in the earlier years of the sample period and in some cases following major reforms. However, it remains significant even after an array of demographic, demand and supply side factors are controlled for. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical salvage nasopharyngectomy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors
Authors: Vlantis Alexander C. , Chan Hing Sang , Tong Michael C. F. , Yu Brian K. H. , Kam Michael K. M. , van Hasselt C. Andrew 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify independent prognostic factors that influenced local relapse‐free survival (LRFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients who underwent salvage surgery for residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsNinety‐seven patients who had been treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for NPC underwent a nasopharyngectomy for a residual or recurrent local tumor between November 1987 and June 2007. The subsequent minimum follow‐up was 2 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for LRFS and OS.ResultsThe 5‐year LRFS and OS was 46.7% and 51.9%, respectively. On multivariate analysis for LRFS and OS, respectively, recurrent regional disease (hazard ratio [HR], 3.245; p = .008) and (HR, 4.990; p = .001), and positive surgical margins (HR, 5.963; p = .000), and (HR, 4.912; p = .000) were independent prognostic factors.ConclusionIn patients undergoing surgical salvage nasopharyngectomy for residual or recurrent NPC, positive surgical margins have an independent negative influence on LRFS and OS. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Triterpenoids and Iridoid Glycosides from Gentiana dahurica
Authors: Fan Hui , Zang Yi , Zhang Yi , Zhang Hong‐Feng , Zhao Zheng , Hu Jin‐Feng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOne new and six known pentacyclic triterpenoids, 1 and 4–9, resp., along with two new and three known iridoid glycosides, 2 and 3, and 10–12, resp., were isolated from the roots of Gentiana dahurica (‘Qin‐Jiao’). The new structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic and chemical methods as 1β,2α,3α,24‐tetrahydroxyursa‐12,20(30)‐dien‐28‐oic acid (1), 6′‐O‐acetylgentiopicroside (2), and 3′‐acetylgentiopicroside (3). Isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against the MCF‐7 human breast cancer cell line using the MTT assay. Among them, triterpenoids 2α,3β,24‐trihydroxyurs‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (6) and 3β,24‐dihydroxyurs‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (9) were found to have moderate cytotoxic effects with IC50 values of 20.9 and 21.7 μg/ml, respectively. Additionally, the chemotaxonomic significance of the identified secondary metabolites is briefly discussed.
α‐Cyclodextrin Host–Guest Binding: A Computational Study of the Different Driving Forces
Authors: Riniker Sereina , Daura Xavier , van Gunsteren Wilfred F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFree‐energy differences govern the equilibrium between bound and unbound states of a host and its guest molecules. The understanding of the underlying entropic and enthalpic contributions, and their complex interplay are crucial for the design of new drugs and inhibitors. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed with inclusion complexes ofα‐cyclodextrin (αCD) and three monosubstituted benzene derivatives to investigate host–guest binding.αCD Complexes are an ideal model system, which is experimentally and computationally well‐known. Thermodynamic integration (TI) simulations were carried out under various conditions for the free ligands in solution and bound toαCD. The two possible orientations of the ligand inside the cavity were investigated. Agreement with experimental data was only found for the more stable orientation, where the substituent resides inside the cavity. The better stability of this conformation results from strongerVan der Waalsinteractions and a favorable antiparallel host–guest dipole–dipole alignment. To estimate the entropic contributions, simulations were performed at three different temperatures (250, 300, and 350 K) and using positional restraints for the host. The system was found to be insensitive to both factors, due to the large and symmetric cavity ofαCD, and the nondirectional nature of the host–guest interactions.
Nucleotides. Part LXXVIII
Authors: Maier Thomas , Pfleiderer Wolfgang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSeveral N(‐hydroxyalkyl)‐2,4‐dinitroanilines were transformed into their phosphoramidites (see 5 and 6 in Scheme 1) in view of their use as fluorescence quenchers, and modified 2‐aminobenzamides (see 9, 10, 18, and 19 in Scheme 1) were applied in model reactions as fluorophors to determine the relative fluorescence quantum yields of the 3′‐Aba and 5′‐Dnp‐3′‐Aba conjugates (Aba=aminobenzamide, Dnp=dinitroaniline). Thymidine was alkylated with N‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐2,4‐dinitroaniline (24) to give 25 which was further modified to the building blocks 27 and 28 (Scheme 3). The 2‐amino group in 29 was transformed by diazotation into the 2‐fluoroinosine derivative 30 used as starting material for several reactions at the pyrimidine nucleus (→31, 33, and 35; Scheme 4). The 3′,5′‐di‐O‐acetyl‐2′‐deoxy‐N2‐[(dimethylamino)methylene]guanosine (37) was alkylated with methyl and ethyl iodide preferentially at N(1) to 43 and 44, and similarly reacted N‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐2,4‐dinitroaniline (24) to 38 and the N‐(2‐iodoethyl)‐N‐methyl analog 50 to 53 (Scheme 5). The 2′‐deoxyguanosine derivative 53 was transformed into 3′,5′‐di‐O‐acetyl‐2‐fluoro‐1‐{2‐[(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)methylamino]ethyl}inosine (54; Scheme 5) which reacted with 2,2′‐[ethane‐1,2‐diylbis(oxy)]bis[ethanamine] to modify the 2‐position with an amino spacer resulting in 56 (Scheme 6). Attachment of the fluorescein moiety 55 at 56 via a urea linkage led to the doubly labeled 2′‐deoxyguanosine derivative 57 (Scheme 6). Dimethoxytritylation to 58 and further reaction to the 3′‐succinate 59 and 3′‐phosphoramidite 60 afforded the common building blocks for the oligonucleotide synthesis (Scheme 6). Similarly, 30 reacted with N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐2,4‐dinitroaniline (61) thus attaching the quencher at the 2‐position to yield 62 (Scheme 7). The amino spacer was again attached at the same site via a urea bridge to form 64. The labeling of 64 with the fluorescein derivative 55 was straigthforward giving 65. and dimethoxytritylation to 66 and further phosphitylation to 67 followed known procedures (Scheme 7). Several oligo‐2′‐deoxynucleotides containing the doubly labeled 2′‐deoxyguanosines at various positions of the chain were formed in a DNA synthesizer, and their fluorescence properties and the Tms in comparison to their parent duplexes were measured (Tables 1–5).
Towards the Synthesis of 1‐Deoxy‐1‐nitropiperidinoses
Authors: Collin Marie‐Pierre , Vasella Andrea 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the course of the first of several attempts to elaborate methods for the synthesis of 1‐nitropiperidinoses, lincosamine was transformed into lactam 6 via hemiacetal 1, lactone 2, amide 3, oxo amide 4, and its cyclic tautomer 5. Treatment of the N‐Boc‐protected lactam oxime 9, obtained from lactam 6, with brominating agents failed to provide the bromonitroso carbamate 10. The N‐Boc‐protected lactam 13 derived from 6 was reduced to hemiacetal 14, but the corresponding N‐Boc‐aminooxime did not tautomerise to the C(1)‐hydroxylamine, and nitrone 17, a potential precursor of the nitropiperidine 12, was not formed. Oxidation of the anomeric azide 20 with HOF⋅MeCN failed to provide the expected nitropiperidine 21. The phosphinimines 22 derived from 20 did not react with O3. In the next approach to 1‐nitropiperidinoses, we treated the N‐Boc‐protected hemiacetal 25, obtained from the known gluconolactam 23 with N‐benzylhydroxylamine. The resulting nitrone 26 exits in equilibrium with the anomeric N‐benzyl‐glycosylhydroxylamine that was oxidized to the anomeric nitrone 28. Ozonolysis of 28 led to the hemiacetal 25, resulting from the desired, highly reactive protected nitropiperidinose 29, that was evidenced by an IR band at 1561 cm−1. Similarly to the synthesis of nitrone 26, reaction of the N‐tosyl‐protected hemiacetal 31 with N‐benzylhydroxylamine and oxidation provided the anomeric N‐benzylhydroxylamines 33 via the p‐toluenesulfonamido nitrone 32. Their oxidation with MnO2 led to the anomeric nitrone 34. Ozonolysis of 34 as evidenced by 1H‐NMR and ReactIR spectroscopy led to the highly reactive nitropiperidinose 35. Like 29, 35 was transformed during workup, and only the hemiacetal 31 was isolated. The similarly prepared lincosamine‐derived nitrone 17 was subjected to ReactIR‐monitored ozonolysis that evidenced the formation of the protected nitropiperidinose 12, but only led to the isolation of 14. The facile transformation of the nitropiperidinoses to hemiacetals is rationalised by heterolysis of the anomeric C,N bond, recombination of the ion pair, and denitrosation of the resulting anomeric nitrite by a nucleophile. Attempts to convert the 1‐deoxy‐1‐nitropiperidinose 35 to uloses 43 by base‐catalysed Michael additions or Henry reactions were unsuccessful.
Two modes of fatty acid binding to bovine β‐lactoglobulin—crystallographic and spectroscopic studies
Authors: Loch Joanna , Polit Agnieszka , Górecki Andrzej , Bonarek Piotr , Kurpiewska Katarzyna , Dziedzicka‐Wasylewska Marta , Lewiński Krzysztof 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLactoglobulin is a natural protein present in bovine milk and common component of human diet, known for binding with high affinity wide range of hydrophobic compounds, among them fatty acids 12–20 carbon atoms long. Shorter fatty acids were reported as not binding to β‐lactoglobulin. We used X‐ray crystallography and fluorescence spectroscopy to show that lactoglobulin binds also 8‐ and 10‐carbon caprylic and capric acids, however with lower affinity. The determined apparent association constant for lactoglobulin complex with caprylic acid is 10.8 ± 1.7 × 103 M−1, while for capric acid is 6.0 ± 0.5 × 103 M−1. In crystal structures determined with resolution 1.9 Å the caprylic acid is bound in upper part of central calyx near polar residues located at CD loop, while the capric acid is buried deeper in the calyx bottom and does not interact with polar residues at CD loop. In both structures, water molecule hydrogen‐bonded to carboxyl group of fatty acid is observed. Different location of ligands in the binding site indicates that competition between polar and hydrophobic interactions is an important factor determining position of the ligand in β‐barrel. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytogenetic stability of chicken T‐cell line transformed with Marek's disease virus: atomic force microscope, a new tool for investigation
Authors: Di Bucchianico Sebastiano , Giardi Maria Federica , De Marco Patrizia , Ottaviano Luca , Botti Dario 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe Marek's disease virus (MDV) integration may induce a novel organization of chromatin architecture with a modified genetic expression. In our opinion it is worthwhile trying to relate cytogenetic stability to functional modifications. Recently, atomic force microscopy technique was applied to study the structure of chromosomes at a nanoscale level. This high resolution allows to investigate the different structure of chromatin in order to study cytogenetic stability and chromosome aberrations due to MDV insertion. In this paper data are presented indicating a duplication [78,WZ,dup(1p)(p22–p23)] and a deletion [78,WZ cht del(3)(q2.10)] of Chromosomes 1 and 3 relatively. Relationships between GTG (G‐bands by Trypsin using Giemsa) bands and the topography of chromosomes are also discussed, naming them Topographic Banding. The architecture of chromosomes observed by AFM can be related to the data obtained with classic banding techniques thus overcoming the optical resolution limits. The presence of chromatin bridges between sister chromatids at most of the heterochromatic regions is also evidenced. Besides, we present different studies of the longitudinal and transversal symmetry of the hetero and euchromatic regions to clearly demonstrate a different underlying architecture of these regions. It is indeed evident that the heterochromatic bands are more symmetrical than euchromatic bands. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insight into molecular imprinting in precipitation polymerization systems using solution NMR and dynamic light scattering
Authors: Long Yuanyuan , Philip Joseph Y. N. , Schillén Karin , Liu Feng , Ye Lei 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMolecular imprinting is a powerful synthetic technique for generating template‐defined binding sites in cross‐linked polymers. One scientific challenge in molecular imprinting research is to understand the intermolecular interactions leading to molecular complexation and the process of binding site formation during polymerization. In this work, we present a novel method for studying the molecular imprinting process in precipitation polymerization systems. This method employs solution1H NMR and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to investigate the association of template molecules with colloidal particles and the dynamic process of particle growth. Under precipitation polymerization conditions, the colloidal particles formed did not interfere with NMR signals from the soluble components, allowing unreacted monomers and free template to be easily quantified. To examine the process of particle nucleation and growth, DLS was used to measure the hydrodynamic particle size at different reaction times. To corroborate the interpretation of the NMR and DLS results, imprinted nanoparticles were collected at different reaction times and their binding characteristics were evaluated using radioligand‐binding analysis. Our experimental results provide new insights into the molecular imprinting process that will be useful in the development of new imprinted nanoparticles. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profiles of mature job seekers: Connecting needs and desires to work characteristics
Authors: Nakai Yoshie , Chang Boin , Snell Andrea F. , Fluckinger Chris D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe number of mature job seekers actively pursuing employment is increasing, and it is critical to recognize the variety of needs and desires they want from employment. We hypothesized that mature job seekers would be grouped into meaningful clusters based on their desires for work and that these groups would differ regarding the work features they were looking for in a new job. Using survey data from a sample of 173 mature job seekers over age forty, we identified three clusters: Those who work primarily for monetary and family reasons (which we labeledsatisficers), those who seek personal satisfaction and learning opportunities from employment (free agents), and those who seek employment for a broad variety of reasons (maximizers). These three groups differed in their preferences for work schedule, availability of benefits, and developmental opportunities. We conclude by discussing potential individual‐level interventions and organizational recruitment and staffing strategies for different groups of mature job seekers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond the red tape: How victims of terrorism perceive and react to organizational responses to their suffering
Authors: Waldman David A. , Carmeli Abraham , Halevi Meyrav Yitzack 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe use a storyteller perspective to examine how victims of terrorism perceive the way that organizations react and respond to their needs in the aftermath of terrorist attacks. Analysis of the data shows that organizations in Israel are often perceived as ineffective to respond in a humane or compassionate manner to the suffering caused by terrorism. Instead, victims perceive that a more bureaucratic approach is taken. However, to create optimal public value, compassionate responses on the part of organizations in times of trauma, such as terrorist attacks, may be required. We build a theoretical model to show how positive deviance can bring about such responses, as well as positive outcomes for victims. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How and why terrorism corrupts the consistency principle of organizational justice
Authors: Stein Jordan H. , Steinley Douglas , Cropanzano Russell 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe examined the impact of terrorism on the administration of organizational justice. Based on Terror Management Theory (TMT), it was hypothesized that punishment of deviance would change following an act of terrorism. Specifically, deviant individuals who committed an act high in moral severity would receive more extreme punishment after a terrorist attack than they would have received prior to this incident—thereby compromising consistency in the punishment of deviance, which many organizations seek to maintain. We tested this premise by examining archival punishment data before and after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The organization we chose was charged with the consistent dispensation of justice and legally constrained in the severity of punishment it could assess—thereby providing a conservative test of our hypotheses. All predictions were supported. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Highly Insulated Molecular Wires by Polymerization of Organic‐Soluble Symmetrical Linked Inclusion Complex Monomers
Authors: Terao Jun , Tsuda Susumu , Tsurui Keisuke , Kambe Nobuaki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSummary: We developed a new method for synthesizing an organic‐soluble permethylated cyclodextrin‐based insulated molecular wire (IMW); this method involves the polymerization of a symmetrical linked inclusion complex as a monomer. This monomer was synthesized by dimerization of linked inclusion complexes at the terminal alkynyl groups by Glaser coupling. The polyrotaxane thus obtained is highly soluble in a variety of organic solvents and has a high covering ratio, regioregularity, and photoluminescence efficiency.
PVDF Hollow fiber Membrane with High Flux and High Rejection Ratio Prepared by Irradiation Induced Grafting of PAA
Authors: Junfu Wei , Kongyin Zhao , Lei Wang , Huan Zhang , Li Chen , Zhengpu Zhang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSummary: A modified poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane with higher flux and flux recovery rate was prepared by γ‐radiation induced grafting of acrylic acid (AA). The influence of radiation dose and monomer concentration on the grafting degree was investigated. The results indicated that the grafting degree increased in the lower monomer volume fraction until the monomer volume fraction exceeded 20%. The grafting degree increased with the increase of radiation dose. Structural and morphological of the original and grafted membrane surface were characterized by FT‐IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that acrylic acid was grafted onto PVDF hollow fiber membrane and the grafted membrane was more hydrophilic than original PVDF. There was a slight increase of breaking strength and yield stress with the increase of the grafting degree of AA. The pure water flux increased initially but decreased subsequently with the raise of grafting degree. When the grafting degree was 4.4%, the maximum pure water flux reached 1496.3 L/m2 × h, 1.79 times of original membrane. The pure water flux, flux recovery rate and rejection ratio for bovine serum albumin could improve simultaneously in a low grafting degree (<4.4%).