bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Patient Care and Pharmacists' Role in Its Continuity—A Systematic Review
Authors: Ellitt Glena R , Brien Jo-anne E , Asiani Parisa , Chen Timothy F 
Published: April 2009

Background: Continuity of care is important for the delivery of quality health care. Despite the abundance of research on this concept in the medical and nursing literature, there is a lack of consensus on its definition. As pharmacists have moved beyond their historical product-centered practice, a source of patient-centered research on continuity of care for practice application is required. Objective: To determine the scope of research in which pharmacists were directly involved in patients' continuity of care and to examine how the phrase continuity of care was defined and applied in practice. Methods: A working definition of continuity of care and a tool for relevance quality assessment of search articles were developed. MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Collaboration evidence-based medicine reviews and bibliographies were searched (1996–March 2008). Reporting clarity was assessed by the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials checklist and outcomes were grouped by economic, clinical, and/or humanistic classification. Results: The search yielded 21 clinical and randomized controlled trials, including 11 pharmacist-only and 10 multidisciplinary studies. A broad range of research topics was identified and detailed analysis provided ready reference for considerations of research replication or practice application. Studies revealed a range of research aims, settings, subject characteristics, attrition rates and group sizes, interventions, measurement tools, outcomes, and definitions of continuity of care. Research focused on patients with depression (n = 4), cardiovascular disease {n = 4), diabetes (n = 2), and dyslipidemia (n = 1); specific drugs included non–tricyclic antidepressants, cardiovascular drugs, and benzodiazepines. From the proposed endpoints of economic cost (n = 6) and clinical (n = 14) and humanistic (n = 16) outcomes, 15 studies reported statistically significant results. Conclusions: Medication management at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of care indicated an expanded role and collaboration of pharmacists in continuity of care. However, the exclusion of disadvantaged patients in 19 studies is at odds with continuity of care for these patients, who may have been the most in need for the same reason that they were excluded.
Once-Daily Dasatinib for Treatment of Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Tyler Timothy 
Published: April 2009

Objective To discuss the new dasatinib dosing regimen for the treatment of chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CP CML) in patients who failed or were intolerant to imatinib therapy. Data Sources Literature published between July 2008 and December 2008 was accessed via MEDLINE, the Proceedings of the American Society of Hematology, and the Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology using the key words chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, dasatinib, imatinib, nilotinib, pharmacokinetics, and regimen. Study Selection And Data Extraction Meeting abstracts and reports of major Phase 1–3 studies published in English are included. Data Synthesis Imatinib is the standard first-line therapy for CML; however, some patients develop resistance or are intolerant to the drug. Dasatinib was approved for the treatment of imatinib-resistant/intolerant patients with CML or Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the dosage of 70 mg twice daily. A Phase 3 dose-optimization study was performed to compare this regimen with others, including dasatinib 100 mg once daily, in patients with CP CML. Results of this study showed that there was no significant difference in efficacy between these 2 regimens. The safety profile was improved in the 100-mg once-daily dasatinib arm with significantly reduced frequencies of grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia and all-grade pleural effusions. The number of patients who had to discontinue, reduce, or interrupt their dosage was also less among patients taking dasatinib 100 mg once daily. Conclusions Dasatinib 100 mg once daily has a more favorable risk to benefit assessment compared with the previous 70 mg twice-daily regimen and is now the recommended schedule for patients with CP CML.
Mandibular Molar Root Resection Versus Implant Therapy: A Retrospective Nonrandomized Study
Authors: Zafiropoulos Gregory-George , Hoffmann Oliver , Kasaj Adrian , Willershausen Brita , Deli Giorgio , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSuccess rates for both periodontal and implant therapy are often dependent on site and tooth type. For periodontally involved mandibular molars, the decision to hemisect or to extract and place an implant is often complicated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes of the aforementioned treatment modalities for mandibular molars in a private practice setting. A retrospective chart review was performed. In one group of patients (n = 32), 56 mandibular first or first and second molars were treated by hemisection (Group H). A second group (n = 28) received 36 implants in the mandible to replace periodontally involved first or first and second molars (Group I). All patients had been in maintenance for at least 4 years after treatment. The occurrence and timing of posttreatment complications were evaluated. Data were analyzed by parametric and nonparametric statistics, as indicated. The majority of hemisected teeth (68% of Group H) and implants (89% of Group I) remained free of complications for the entire observation period. Group H had a greater incidence of overall complications (P = .027) and nonsalvageable complications (P = .013) than Group I. For both groups, the percent CAL loss per year was greater for the teeth/implants that experienced complications than in the those that remained complication free (p&lt;0.015). Within the limitations of this study, the results indicated that, in periodontitis patients, hemisected mandibular molars were more prone to complications than implants.
Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Elderly Twins
Authors: Poulsen Pernille , Grunnet Louise G. , Pilgaard Kasper , Storgaard Heidi , Alibegovic Amra , Sonne Mette P. , Carstensen Bendix , Beck-Nielsen Henning , Vaag Allan 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVE
Genetic susceptibility, low birth weight (LBW), and aging are key etiological factors in the development of type 2 diabetes. LBW is common among twins. It is unknown whether twin status per se is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes, and valid concordance rates of type 2 diabetes in twins on a lifetime perspective are lacking.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A clinical study was done on a population-based cohort of same-sex elderly monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins (n = 297) and singleton control subjects (C) (n = 71) including measures of anthropometry and glucose tolerance. In addition, type 2 diabetes incidence cases in twins (n = 626) and singletons (n = 553) were identified through the National Diabetes Register.

RESULTS
Twins were more abdominally obese, insulin resistant, and glucose intolerant, as evidenced by a higher A1C (%) (means ± SD) (MZ: 6.0 ± 1.0, DZ: 5.8 ± 0.7, C: 5.6 ± 0.3, P = 0.004) and 120-min post–oral glucose tolerance test plasma glucose levels (in mmol/l) (MZ: 8.6 ± 4.6, DZ: 8.4 ± 3.9, C: 6.8 ± 2.4, P = 0.003) compared with singletons. Importantly, twins had a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (MZ: 17.5% [95% CI 14.4–20.6], DZ: 15.7% [13.1–18.3], C: 5.6% [3.0–8.2], P = 0.03) together with a 60% higher incidence rate of type 2 diabetes compared with singletons. Cumulative concordance rates of type 2 diabetes to the age of 84 years were similar among elderly MZ (0.76 [0.68–0.84]) and DZ (0.71 [0.63–0.78]) twins.

CONCLUSIONS
Twin status per se is associated with abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes in elderly twins. The data support a quantitatively significant impact of the fetal environment as opposed to genetics on risk of type 2 diabetes.
Nitrogen‐Enriched Nonporous Carbon Electrodes with Extraordinary Supercapacitance
Authors: Hulicova‐Jurcakova Denisa , Kodama Masaya , Shiraishi Soshi , Hatori Hiroaki , Zhu Zong Hua , Lu Gao Qing 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNitrogen‐enriched nonporous carbon materials derived from melamine–mica composites are subjected to ammonia treatment to further increase the nitrogen content. For samples preoxidized prior to the ammonia treatment, the nitrogen content is doubled and is mainly incorporated in pyrrol‐like groups. The materials are tested as electrodes for supercapacitors, and in acidic or basic electrolytes, the gravimetric capacitance of treated samples is three times higher than that of untreated samples. This represents a tenfold increase of the capacitance per surface area (3300 µF cm−2) in basic electrolyte. Due to the small volume of the carbon materials, high volumetric capacitances are achieved in various electrolytic systems: 280 F cm−3 in KOH, 152 F cm−3 in H2SO4, and 92 F cm−3 in tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate/propylene carbonate.
Protected geographical indications and integration into the agribusiness system
Authors: Bardají Isabel , Iráizoz Belén , Rapún Manuel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyze beef retailers' behavior with respect to the sale of beef under a protected geographical indication (PGI). The study was based on a survey of a representative sample of beef retailers in the Spanish region of Navarra, where there is a well‐established PGI. The data were then evaluated by means of logistic regression, in which the decision whether or not to sell PGI meat was explained by the set of variables drawn from the survey. The results show that the guarantee of quality provided by the PGI, the importance given by consumers to “origin” as a quality attribute, and the quality and conditions offered by the regular supplier, to be the main motivating factors behind the retailer's decision to join the PGI beef supply chain. [JEL Codes: Q01, Q12, Q13]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies on Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of 1,2,4‐Triazolo[3,4‐b]1,3,4‐thiadiazoles and their Dihydro Analogues
Authors: Mathew Vinod , Giles Devasahayam , Keshavayya Jathi , Vaidya Vijaya P. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract4‐Amino‐5‐substituted aryl‐3‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazoles are versatile synthons for constructing various biologically active heterocycles. Starting from 4‐amino‐5‐substituted aryl‐3‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazole3a–c, a series of new 3,5‐disubstituted‐1,2,4‐triazolo‐[3,4‐b]1,3,4‐thiadiazoles and their 5,6‐dihydrotriazolothiadiazoles were prepared. The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds have been confirmed by elemental analysis, IR,1H‐NMR,13C‐NMR, and mass spectra. The antimicrobial effects of the synthesized compounds were investigated using the paper disc method. Anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activities of the synthesized compounds were assessed by carrageenan‐induced rat paw oedema method and by Eddy's hot plate method, respectively. Some of the compounds exhibited promising antimicrobial activities as well as moderate to good anti‐inflammatory activity and analgesic activity.
Design and Synthesis of a Gossypol Derivative with Improved Antitumor Activities
Authors: Zhan Yonghua , Jia Guangfeng , Wu Daocheng , Xu Yiqing , Xu Liang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA novel chemical process has been devised for the synthesis of a new derivative of gossypol, 6,7,6′,7′‐tetrahydroxy‐5,5′‐diisopropyl‐3,3′‐dimethyl‐[2,2']binaphthalenyl‐1,4,1′,4′‐tetraone (Apogossypolone). This new process has only four steps, with a shorter synthesis span, a simple purification process, and improved yield and quality. The structure of apogossypolone was characterized by 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance, 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Cell‐cytotoxicity assay demonstrates that apogossypolone is three‐ to six‐fold more potent than the parent compound, (–)‐gossypol, in inhibiting the human prostate tumor cell lines PC‐3 and DU‐145 as well as the human breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231. The colony‐formation assay with DU‐145 cells showed that apogossypolone inhibited more than 70% of colony formation at 1 μM, whereas (–)‐gossypol at 10 μM only inhibited less than 50% of colony formation. The results indicate that apogossypolone exerts strong antitumor activities in human prostate and breast cancer cells, and thus represents a promising cancer therapeutic.
Rapid depletion of dissolved oxygen in 96‐well microtiter plate Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm assays promotes biofilm development and is influenced by inoculum cell concentration
Authors: Cotter John J. , O'Gara James P. , Casey Eoin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBiofilm‐related research using 96‐well microtiter plates involves static incubation of plates indiscriminate of environmental conditions, making oxygen availability an important variable which has not been considered to date. By directly measuring dissolved oxygen concentration over time we report here that dissolved oxygen is rapidly consumed in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm cultures grown in 96‐well plates irrespective of the oxygen concentration in the gaseous environment in which the plates are incubated. These data indicate that depletion of dissolved oxygen during growth of bacterial biofilm cultures in 96‐well plates may significantly influence biofilm production. Furthermore higher inoculum cell concentrations are associated with more rapid consumption of dissolved oxygen and higher levels of S. epidermidis biofilm production. Our data reveal that oxygen depletion during bacterial growth in 96‐well plates may significantly influence biofilm production and should be considered in the interpretation of experimental data using this biofilm model. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 1042–1047. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The integration of mindfulness and psychology
Authors: Shapiro Shauna L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAs the field of psychology continues to expand and evolve, one fruitful avenue of exploration has been the integration of mindfulness into psychological theory and practice. Mindfulness is defined as the awareness that arises out of intentionally attending in an open and discerning way to whatever is arising in the present moment. Two decades of empirical research have generated considerable evidence supporting the efficacy of mindfulness‐based interventions across a wide range of clinical and nonclinical populations, and these interventions have been incorporated into a variety of health care settings. Still, there are many unanswered questions and potential horizons to be investigated. This special issue endeavors to assist in this exploration. It presents a combination of articles concerning aspects of clinical and scientific integration of mindfulness within psychotherapy and psychoeducational settings. This commentary attempts to highlight the main findings of the featured articles as well as elucidate areas for future inquiry. Taken as a whole, the volume supports the importance and viability of the integration of mindfulness into psychology, and offers interesting and meaningful directions for future research. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–6, 2009.
Theoretische Chemie 2008
Authors: Rappoport Dmitrij , Furche Filipp 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDie Entwicklung von Austausch‐Korrelationsfunktionalen bleibt zentrales Thema der Dichtefunktionaltheorie. Mit Car‐Parrinello‐Molekulardynamiksimulationen können realistische Bewegungsprofile in chemischen Reaktionen in silico modelliert werden. Die relativistische Quantenchemie hat große konzeptionelle und methodische Fortschritte erzielt.
Elemental content of aerosol particles in an underground tram station
Authors: Boman Johan , de Carvalho Maria Luisa , Alizadeh Mina B. , Rezaievar Parisa , Wagner Annemarie 
Published: April 2009

AbstractParticulate matter is an important air pollutant, especially in closed environments like a tunnel. The aim of this study was to determine the mass, black carbon, and elemental concentrations of particulate matter of two size fractions at an underground tram station in Hammarkullen, Gothenburg, Sweden. Samples were collected during June 2007 using a dichotomous virtual impactor separating the sampled aerosol particles into coarse (PM(2.5–10)) and fine (PM2.5) fractions. To minimize the possible influence of waiting passengers, the platform for trams going towards the suburb Angered was chosen. The elemental analysis of the samples, collected on Teflon filters, was carried out using energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry, resulting in concentrations of 14 elements in most of the samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify possible sources for the elements in the particles. Owing to the tunnel environment, the elemental difference between the fine and coarse particle fractions was not as large as that in similar particles collected under normal outdoor ambient conditions. Likewise, the influence of the local weather situation was not significant. Particle content from the tram traffic was identified by PCA, with Fe being the major element in both coarse and fine particles. The particle mass concentration was higher in the tunnel compared to the ambient concentration at the monitoring station Femman in downtown Gothenburg. In some days, the mass concentration exceeded the Swedish daily ambient air quality standard of 50 µg m−3, but it was lower than the limits in the environmental work act, 5 mg m−3. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delivering services and influencing policy: Health care professionals join forces to improve maternal, newborn, and child health
Authors:   The Health Care Professional Association Writing Group
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis article reviews the major activities of health care professional organizations (HCPAs), and emphasizes the role they can play in advocating for women and children and influencing maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) programs and policies. The ICM/FIGO joint effort to prevent postpartum hemorrhage and the 40‐year partnership between the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Indian Health Service (IHS) are highlighted as examples of how and why HCPAs should assume a leadership role in advocacy work. The action‐oriented multicountry HCPA workshops organized by the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (PMNCH) and the international HCPAs are also described. These capacity building workshops are aimed at strengthening the ability of HCPAs to organize, coordinate activities, and become more involved in program and policy development.
Differential effects of defoliation by mopane caterpillars and pruning by African elephants on the regrowth of Colophospermum mopane foliage
Authors: Hrabar Halszka , Hattas Dawood , du Toit Johan T. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:Plant responses to herbivory vary depending on herbivory type, yet the comparative effects of defoliation (e.g. by insects) and pruning (e.g. by large mammals) on a single tree species are poorly documented. We investigated this in the Northern Province of South Africa by comparing the regrowth of Colophospermum mopane trees previously defoliated by caterpillars or pruned by elephants, the two main browsers of C. mopane foliage. Shoots were up to 160% and 125% longer after natural (elephant) and simulated pruning and leaves ~25% longer in regrowth after natural pruning (n = 13–15 trees per treatment). Shoot density and chemical defences in leaves (tannin:protein ratio and total polyphenolic concentration) were, however, no different from control trees. Simulated defoliation resulted in statistically insignificant changes to regrowth in terms of leaf and shoot size (both slightly decreased) and shoot density (slightly increased). Natural (caterpillar) defoliation, however, resulted in regrowth with significantly decreased shoot and leaf size (about 50% and 20% of control lengths, respectively), as well as decreased leaf chemical defence. Shoot and leaf length were longer on trees flushing for the first time after pruning and late-season defoliation had a greater negative impact than mid-season defoliation. Despite the differences in regrowth characteristics after pruning and defoliation, mopane plants showed no apparent trade-off in investment between tolerance and resistance after either herbivory type, as neither regrowth nor chemical defence occurred at the expense of the other.
Habitat use, activity patterns and use of mineral licks by five species of ungulate in south-eastern Peru
Authors: Tobler Mathias W. , Carrillo-Percastegui Samia E. , Powell George 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:We studied the habitat use, activity patterns and use of mineral licks by five species of Amazonian ungulate using data from four 60-d camera trap surveys at two different sites in the lowland rain forest of Madre de Dios, Peru. Camera traps were set out in two regular grids with 40 and 43 camera stations covering an area of 50 and 65 km2, as well as at five mineral licks. Using occupancy analysis we tested the hypothesis that species are spatially separated. The results showed that the grey brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) occurred almost exclusively in terra firme forests, and that the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) used floodplain forest more frequently during some surveys. All other species showed no habitat preference and we did not find any spatial avoidance of species. The white-lipped peccary, the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) as well as the grey brocket deer were strictly diurnal while the lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) was nocturnal. The red brocket deer (Mazama americana) was active day and night. The tapir was the species with the highest number of visits to mineral licks (average 52.8 visits per 100 d) followed by the white-lipped peccary (average 16.1 visits per 100 d) and the red brocket deer (average 17.1 visits per 100 d). The collared peccary was only recorded on three occasions and the grey brocket deer was never seen at a lick. Our results suggest that resource partitioning takes place mainly at the diet level and less at a spatial level; however, differences in small-scale habitat use are still possible.
Leaf tissue water relations and hydraulic properties of sclerophyllous vegetation on white sands of the upper Rio Negro in the Amazon region
Authors: Sobrado M. A. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:The objective of this study was to explore the leaf tissue water relations in terminal branches, as well as the relations between xylem structure and function of five sclerophyllous species coexisting on white sands within the Amazon region. In these species, which possess costly leaves and thrive in an extremely nutrient-poor habitat, the preservation of leaf survival would be of comparable importance to the preservation of xylem vessels. Three trees per species were tagged in the field for all measurements. Minimum leaf water potential (Ψ) was −1.53 ± 0.61 and −0.94 ± 0.10 MPa during rainless and rainy days, respectively. The Ψ for turgor loss averaged −1.92 ± 0.05 MPa. Therefore, minimum Ψ was maintained within a safety range above the critical value for turgor loss. Xylem (Kx) and leaf (Kl) specific conductivity averaged 1.4 ± 0.22 and 0.00033 ± 0.000045 kg m−1 s−1 MPa−1, respectively. Water supply was favoured in species with higher vessel density, and all species depended on relatively less abundant larger vessels for water transport. This would be advantageous because leaves were unable to develop very negative water potentials in order to maintain transpiration. High transpiration rates may be restricted to a few hours daily so as to prevent cavitation of widest vessels.