bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired semantic processing during task‐set switching: Evidence from the N400 in rapid serial visual presentation
Authors: Vachon François , Jolicœur Pierre 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe cognitive system is able to reconfigure mental resources flexibly to adapt to new a task. While task‐set switching is known to be detrimental to behavioral performance, less is known about the precise loci of these effects on stimulus processing. We measured event‐related potentials to explore the neural consequences of task‐set switching on semantic processing. We examined the context‐sensitive N400 component evoked by the second of two target words embedded in a rapid serial visual presentation under conditions that involved either a task‐set switch or no switching. Whereas the N400 was unaffected by the lag separating the targets in the absence of switching, it was delayed and attenuated in the switch condition when the targets were adjacent in the sequence. These findings indicate that task‐set reconfiguration temporarily prevents semantic activation and provide evidence for the nonautomaticity of semantic processing of words.
The central serotonin2Breceptor: a new pharmacological target to modulate the mesoaccumbens dopaminergic pathway activity
Authors: Auclair Agnès L. , Cathala Adeline , Sarrazin Frédéric , Depoortère Ronan , Piazza Pier Vincenzo , Newman‐Tancredi Adrian , Spampinato Umberto 
Published: June 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)114, 1323–1332.AbstractThe function of the serotonin2Breceptor (5‐HT2BR) in the mammalian brain is poorly characterized, especially with regard to its influence on dopamine (DA) neuron activity. Here, we assessed this issue by evaluating effects of 5‐HT2BRs ligands in the control of striatal and accumbal DA outflow, usingin vivomicrodialysis in halothane‐anesthetized rats, and amphetamine‐induced hyperlocomotion in vigil rats. The selective 5‐HT2BR antagonist 1‐[(2‐chloro‐3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐6‐methyl‐1H‐pyrido[3,4‐B]indole (LY 266097; 0.16 mg/kg, i.p.) had no influence on basal accumbal and striatal DA outflow but reduced significantly accumbal DA outflow when injected at 0.63 mg/kg. A significant reduction of basal DA outflow in the nucleus accumbens was also observed after i.p. administration of 0.16 mg/kg 2‐amino‐4‐(4‐fluoronaphth‐1‐yl)‐6‐isopropylpyrimidine, another selective 5‐HT2BR antagonist. In contrast, the 5‐HT2BR agonist α‐methyl‐5‐(2‐thienylmethoxy)‐1H‐indole‐3‐ethanamine (3 mg/kg, s.c.) had no influence on basal DA outflow in either brain region. The increase in striatal and accumbal DA outflow induced by the 5‐HT2CR inverse agonist 5‐methyl‐1‐(3‐pyridylcarbamoyl)‐1,2,3,5‐tetrahydropyrrolo[2,3‐f] indole (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was unaltered by LY 266097 (0.63 mg/kg) pre‐treatment. Conversely, LY 266097 (0.63 mg/kg) significantly diminished the increase in DA outflow induced by haloperidol (0.01 mg/kg, s.c.) or amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) in the nucleus accumbens, but not in the striatum. Amphetamine‐induced hyperlocomotion (1 mg/kg) was also attenuated by LY 266097 (0.63 mg/kg). These findings demonstrate that 5‐HT2BRs exert a facilitatory control on mesoaccumbens DA pathway activity, and suggest that they may constitute a new target for improved treatment of DA‐related neuropsychiatric disorders.
Staying active despite pain: Pain beliefs and experiences with activity‐related pain in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Damsgård Elin , Dewar Anne , Røe Cecilie , Hamran Torunn 
Published: June 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 108–116

Staying active despite pain: Pain beliefs and experiences with activity‐related pain in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain Objective:  Maintain a level of activity and exercise is advice often given to patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, but many patients find physical activity painful and consequently hesitate to move. Disability seems to be associated with fear of pain and there is a need to enhance our understanding of patients’ beliefs and attitudes about how fear of pain affects physical activity and why some people are active despite their pain. The aim of this research was to understand thoughts and experiences about pain related to activity in patients with musculoskeletal disorders; the situations that promoted pain and if and how fear was expressed.Methods:  Five women and five men, recruited from a larger survey on fear, pain and physical activity were interviewed. The interviews were analysed by qualitative methods for themes about participants’ pain and beliefs about pain.Results:  By interpreting signals from the body, patients calculated and planned their daily life to stay active despite pain and participate in their social lives. Pain was a signal with diverse meanings which, with the influence of time, seemed to change from a sign of danger to a reminder to moderate their level of activity. By experimenting with different activities, patients learned how to gradually remain or become physically active.Conclusion:  Patients strived to stay active despite pain. The interpretation of pain changed over time, from a threatening signal to a signal with diverse meanings.Practice implications:  The findings provide insights that may improve the educational rehabilitation of patients with musculoskeletal pain.
Early Weichselian (MIS 5d and 5c) temperatures and environmental changes in northern Fennoscandia as recorded by chironomids and macroremains at Sokli, northeast Finland
Authors: ENGELS STEFAN , HELMENS KARIN F. , VÄLIRANTA MINNA , BROOKS STEPHEN J. , BIRKS H. JOHN B. 
Published: June 2010

Engels, S., Helmens, K. F., Väliranta, M., Brooks, S. J. & Birks, H. J. B. 2010: Early Weichselian (MIS 5d and 5c) temperatures and environmental changes in northern Fennoscandia as recorded by chironomids and macroremains at Sokli, northeast Finland. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 689–704. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00163.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.A 25‐m‐long sediment record spanning the time from the Eemian to the Holocene was recovered from Sokli, northeast Finland. This study focuses on a 6‐m‐long sediment interval that is dated to the Early Weichselian period (MIS 5d and 5c) and consists of lacustrine and fluvial deposits. Using chironomid remains, botanical and zoological macroremains as well as sediment lithology, we were able to reconstruct past changes in the environment, including climate. The results indicate that the site was situated on a flood‐plain during the latter stages of MIS 5d (Herning Stadial) and that summer temperatures might have been ∼6 °C lower than at present. Although this value should be treated with caution, as numerical analysis shows that it has a very poor fit‐to‐temperature, this low reconstructed value concurs with several other reconstructions that are available from western Europe. During MIS 5c (Brørup interstadial), the depositional environment changed into a lake system, initially with stratification of the water and subsequently with complete mixing and a strong influence of streams. Both chironomid‐based and macroremain‐based temperature inferences indicate past July air temperatures that were significantly higher than at present. This result is in contrast to other (low‐resolution) reconstructions from northern Fennoscandia that indicate past temperatures 6–7 °C lower than present using fossil coleopteran assemblages. However, several central European sites indicate that there was a phase during the Brørup interstadial that was characterized by high summer temperatures, and a comparison between the high‐resolution reconstructions from western Europe and the results presented in this study suggests that the north–south July air temperature gradient between the mid‐ and high‐latitudes was much weaker during the Brørup interstadial than it is at present. High solar insolation values (particularly the obliquity) during the Brørup interstadial might explain the low summer temperature gradient over the European continent. A return to fluvial conditions occurred in the upper parts of the sediment sequence, and, after a brief interval of gyttja deposition under cooling conditions, the site became glaciated during MIS 5b.
Screening of GABRB3 in French‐Canadian families with idiopathic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Lachance‐Touchette Pamela , Martin Caroline , Poulin Chantal , Gravel Micheline , Carmant Lionel , Cossette Patrick 
Published: June 2010

SummaryMutations in the GABRB3 have been recently associated with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) in families from Honduras and Mexico. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of mutation in this gene in our cohort of families with CAE and other related idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) syndromes. We screened the open reading frame of GABRB3 in 183 French‐Canadian individuals with IGE, including 88 with CAE. A total of nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified, five of which are novel. The previously described P11S missense mutation was found in three affected and one unaffected individuals from a French‐Canadian family. However, the P11S variant was also found in one of our 190 control individuals of French‐Canadian origin, suggesting that this variant is rather a rare polymorphism in this population. Further screening of other IGE cohorts from various ethnic origins would help to confirm the association between this rare functional variant and epilepsy.
BOLD signal changes preceding negative responses in EEG‐fMRI in patients with focal epilepsy
Authors: Rathakrishnan Rahul , Moeller Friederike , Levan Pierre , Dubeau Francois , Gotman Jean 
Published: June 2010

SummaryPurpose: In simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), increased neuronal activity from epileptiform spikes commonly elicits positive blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) responses. Negative responses are also occasionally seen and have not been explained. Recent studies describe BOLD signal changes before focal EEG spikes. We aimed to systematically study if the undershoot of a preceding positive response might explain the negative BOLD seen in the focus.Methods: Eighty‐two patients with focal epilepsy who underwent EEG‐fMRI at 3T were retrospectively studied. Studies with a focal negative BOLD response in the region of the spike field were reanalyzed using models with hemodynamic response functions (HRFs) peaking from −9 to +9 s around the spike.Results: Eight patients met the inclusion criteria, showing negative BOLD responses in the spike field on standard analysis. None had positive BOLD responses immediately adjacent to the areas of deactivation. Regions of deactivation were found to have congruent preceding positive responses in two cases. These early activations were seen at the combined maps of −5 to −9 s.Discussion: This study indicates that in a small proportion of patients with focal epilepsy in whom the standard analysis reveals focal negative responses, an earlier positive BOLD response is probably the cause. The origin of negative BOLD signal changes in the focus as a result of an epileptic event remains, however, unexplained in most of the patients in whom it occurs.
Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in patients with epilepsy are associated with low cortical GABA levels
Authors: Stagg Charlotte J. , Lang Bethan , Best Jonathan G. , McKnight Karen , Cavey Ana , Johansen‐Berg Heidi , Vincent Angela , Palace Jacqueline 
Published: June 2010

SummaryAntibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the major pathway for the synthesis of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in humans, are found at elevated levels in a subgroup of patients with chronic epilepsy. To test whether the antibodies were associated with changes in cortical GABA levels we used magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Four patients with epilepsy and high serum GAD antibody levels (107–6,200 units/ml) and 10 healthy controls were recruited. A 3T GABA‐optimized spectrum was obtained from a reproducible voxel in the cortex. Compared to the control group, the patient group had significantly lower GABA concentrations within the cortex. Demonstration of an association between high serum GAD antibodies and low cortical GABA levels in patients with epilepsy suggests that GAD antibodies are, at least, a marker of a specific disease process and support a role for immune‐mediated GABAergic dysfunction.
Partial epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures and seizure aggravation by antiepileptic drugs: Associated with loss of function of Nav1.1
Authors: Liao Wei‐Ping , Shi Yi‐Wu , Long Yue‐Sheng , Zeng Yang , Li Tian , Yu Mei‐Juan , Su Tao , Deng Ping , Lei Zhi‐Gang , Xu Shu‐Jun , Deng Wei‐Yi , Liu Xiao‐Rong , Sun Wei‐Wen , Yi Yong‐Hong , Xu Zao C. , Duan Shumin 
Published: June 2010

SummaryPurpose:  Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) and severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI) are associated with sodium channel α‐subunit type‐1 gene (SCN1A) mutations. Febrile seizures and partial seizures occur in both GEFS+ and SMEI; sporadic onset and seizure aggravation by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are features of SMEI. We thus searched gene mutations in isolated cases of partial epilepsy with antecedent FS (PEFS+) that showed seizure aggravations by AEDs.Methods:  Genomic DNA from four patients was screened for mutations in SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN1B, and GABRG2 using denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) and sequencing. Whole‐cell patch clamp analysis was used to characterize biophysical properties of two newly defined mutants of Nav1.1 in tsA201 cells.Results:  Two heterozygous de novo mutations of SCN1A (R946H and F1765L) were detected, which were proven to cause loss of function of Nav1.1. When the functional defects of mutants reported previously are compared, it is found that all mutants from PEFS+ have features of loss of function, whereas GEFS+ shows mild dysfunction excluding loss of function, coincident with mild clinical manifestations. PEFS+ is similar to SMEI clinically with possible AED‐induced seizure aggravation and biophysiologically with features of loss of function, and different from SMEI by missense mutation without changes in hydrophobicity or polarity of the residues.Conclusions:  Isolated milder PEFS+ may associate with SCN1A mutations and loss of function of Nav1.1, which may be the basis of seizure aggravation by sodium channel–blocking AEDs. This study characterized phenotypes biologically, which may be helpful in understanding the pathophysiologic basis, and further in management of the disease.
Oral pregabalin as an add‐on treatment for status epilepticus
Authors: Novy Jan , Rossetti Andrea O. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryOral antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) represent possible add‐on options in refractory status epilepticus (SE). In this setting, pregabalin (PGB) has not been reported before. Over the last 42 months, we identified 11 SE episodes (10 patients) treated with PGB in our hospital. Its use was prompted by the favorable pharmacokinetic profile, devoid of drug‐drug interactions. The patients mostly had refractory, partial SE. Only two patients were managed in the intensive care unit (ICU). We found a definite electroclinical response in 5 of 11, already evident 24 h after PGB introduction, and a possible response (concomitantly with other AEDs) in 3 of 11 of the episodes; 3/11 did not respond. The treatment was well tolerated. Partial SE appeared to better respond than generalized convulsive SE. PGB appears to be an interesting option as add‐on treatment in refractory partial SE.
Naltrexone Selectively Elevates GABAergic Neuroactive Steroid Levels in Heavy Drinkers With the ASP40 Allele of the OPRM1 Gene: A Pilot Investigation
Authors: Ray Lara A. , Hutchison Kent E. , Ashenhurst James R. , Morrow A. Leslie 
Published: June 2010

Background: Preclinical studies have implicated GABAergic neurosteroids in behavioral responses to alcohol. Naltrexone is thought to blunt the reinforcing effects of alcohol, and a few studies have found that the effects of naltrexone are moderated by the Asn40Asp polymorphisms of theOPRM1gene. The present study seeks to integrate these lines of research by testing (i) the moderating role of the functional Asn40Asp polymorphism of theOPRM1gene on naltrexone‐induced alternations in GABAergic neurosteroid levels, namely (3α,5α)‐3‐hydroxypregnan‐20‐one (allopregnanolone, ALLO); and (ii) the combined effects of naltrexone or genotype with alcohol administration on neurosteroid levels in a sample of at‐risk drinkers.Methods: Participants were 32 (9 females) nontreatment‐seeking heavy drinkers who completed a placebo‐controlled laboratory study of naltrexone (50 mg/d for 3 days) and provided complete sets of serum samples for ALLO assays before and after alcohol administration under both naltrexone and placebo conditions.Results: Naltrexone treatment raised ALLO levels among carriers of the Asp40 allele, but not homozygotes for the Asn40 allele. The Asn40Asp polymorphism did not moderate effects of naltrexone on cortisol levels. Ethanol infusion modestly reduced ALLO levels in all subjects, independent of genotype or naltrexone exposure.Conclusions: Naltrexone increased ALLO levels among individuals with the Asn40Asp allele suggesting a potential neurosteroid contribution to the neuropharmacological effects of naltrexone among Asp40 carriers.
Complete Revascularization in Patients Undergoing Multivessel PCI is an Independent Predictor of Improved Long‐term Survival
Authors: LEHMANN RALF , FICHTLSCHERER STEPHAN , SCHÄCHINGER VOLKER , HELD LAURA , HOBLER CAROLA , BAIER GREGOR , ZEIHER ANDREAS M. , SPYRIDOPOULOS IOAKIM 
Published: June 2010

Background: The prognostic relevance of complete revascularization (CR) in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (MV‐CAD) has been established so far for surgical treatment strategies rather than for percutaneous coronary revascularization (PCI). In addition, different definitions of CR have further complicated the interpretation of clinical studies.
Methods: Procedural characteristics and long‐term overall survival were assessed in 679 consecutive “all‐comer” patients, who underwent PCI in at least two main vessels. We adapted three definitions of CR from the coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) trials. CR was achieved if following MV‐PCI one of the three criteria was met: (1) no residual stenosis in a main coronary vessel, (2) no residual stenosis in any coronary segment, or (3) no residual stenosis in the left anterior descending (LAD) and at least one further main branch. The main objective was the evaluation of predictors of incomplete revascularization and the prognostic impact of CR in MV‐PCI patients.
Results: CR was achieved in 76%, 67%, and 95%, respectively, (definitions 1–3). Patients without CR were older, had a lower ejection fraction, and presented more often with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Clinical long‐term follow‐up regarding survival was available in 664 patients (98%) with a mean follow‐up of 2.5 ± 1.6 years. Independent of the specific definition, CR was associated with a reduced long‐term mortality by approximately 50%. After adjusting for relevant baseline parameters, only absence of residual stenosis in all coronary segments remained as an independent predictor of long‐term prognosis (hazard ratio [HR]= 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28–0.93; P = 0.025).
Conclusions: CR of all coronary segments is associated with improved overall survival after MV‐PCI. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:256–263)
Role of a Streamer‐like Coronary Thrombus in the Genesis of Unstable Angina
Authors: UCHIDA YASUMI , UCHIDA YASUTO , KANAI MASAHITO , SAKURAI TAKESHI , OSHIMA TOMOMITSU , SHIRAI SEIICHIRO 
Published: June 2010

Introduction: It is generally believed that the coronary occlusion occurs at the site of plaque disruption in acute coronary syndromes. An exceptional mechanism of coronary occlusion, namely a streamer‐like thrombus (SLT) originating in a nonstenotic lesion extended distally to obstruct a just distal nondisrupted stenotic segment, was found by angioscopy in patients with unstable angina (UA). This study was carried out to examine the incidence of this phenomenon and its relationship to the subtypes of UA.
Methods: The culprit coronary artery was investigated by angioscopy in successive 48 patients (mean ± SE age, 61.0 ± 2.3 years; 10 females and 38 males) with UA.
Results: SLT originating in a nonstenotic lesion extended distally, and obstructed the just distal most stenotic segment (DMSS) by its tail in 11 patients (eight with class III and three with class II according to Braunwald's classification). Recurrent anginal attacks were observed in all. The nonstenotic lesion in which the SLT originated was a disrupted yellow plaque in most cases. The SLT was frequently red and yellow in a mosaic pattern, indicating a mixture of fresh thrombus and plaque debris. The plaques that constructed the DMSS were not disrupted. Angiographically, the SLT was not detectable and the entry of the DMSS showed a “tapering” configuration.
Conclusions: Obstruction of the DMSS by the tail of SLT originating in a nonstenotic lesion is another mechanism of UA. Therefore, treatment of both the nonstenotic lesion and DMSS is needed to prevent recurrent thrombus formation and consequent reattacks. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:216–222)
Custom Contestations: Lowriders and Urban Space
Authors: CHAPPELL BEN 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article examines the production of space and contestation of spatial governmentality that occurs in the everyday cruising practices of lowrider car customizers in Austin, Texas. Lowrider style, practiced mostly, but not exclusively, by Mexican Americans, is a form of automotive aesthetics which carries associations with working‐class, Latino/a barrio communities. Drawing on critical theories of the production and governance of space, I trace the politics inherent in lowrider cruising and the confrontations with police it occasions. From the perspective of lowriders, I present a critique of community policing as a practice of government, which has the effects of criminalizing lowriders and subjecting them to heightened levels of surveillance.
Signs of the Times: Discourse Ecologies and Street Life on Oxford St., Accra
Authors: QUAYSON ATO 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWhat happens when we stop seeing streets merely as geographical locations and rather interpret them as archives? What if, in focusing on an African street such as Oxford Street in Accra, we interpret this archive not as static, but as providing a transcript of dynamic transformations of discourse ecologies? The elaboration of a method for understanding the African street as an archive of discourse ecologies will be the main subject of this paper, with a particular focus on cell phone advertising on the street from 2006–2007. I do not stop at an examination of cell phone advertizing billboards but relate these to the veritable galaxy of other cultural inscriptions to be seen in mottoes and slogans on lorries, cars, pushcarts and other mobile surfaces that can be encountered on the street. Such mobile slogans are a distinctive feature of Accra and of many African urban environments. The central mark of these mottoes and slogans is an improvisational character that is specifically tied to the local cultural mediations that have historically been drawn upon for them. Taken together the two dimensions of inscription—billboard and slogans—hint at the arc of urban social histories, while also invoking a rich and intricate relationship between tradition and modernity, religion and secularity as well as local and transnational circuits of images and ideas.