bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first neo-conservative: James Burnham and the origins of a movement
Authors: KAMPMARK BINOY 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article examines the origins of American neo-conservatism by assessing the contributions of one of its less known inspirations, James Burnham. In charting Burnham's political philosophies and various contemporary reactions to them, this article examines his legacy as it relates to the movement, specifically in his approach to foreign affairs and institutions. It argues that he was more a pioneer than is often acknowledged. In so doing this article also corrects misunderstandings that have arisen in critiques of neo-conservatism, suggesting that Burnham'soeuvremay offer more instructive guidance than some of his contemporaries in understanding the neo-conservative revolution in American foreign policy.
‘… This little ukulele tells the truth’: indie pop and kitsch authenticity
Authors: Dolan Emily I. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIndie pop, like rock and other independent genres more generally, has had a complicated relationship with mass culture. It both depends upon and simultaneously deconstructs notions of authenticity and truth. Independent genres have invited scholarly analysis and critique that often seek to unmask indie as ‘elite’ or to show the extent to which indie musics are, ironically, defined and shaped by consumer capitalism. Using songwriter Stephin Merritt's music and career as a case study, this essay explores the kinds of authenticities at work in indie pop. Indie pop, I argue, is a genre especially adept at generating ‘personal authenticity’. It is useful to turn to the concept of kitsch, understood here as an aesthetic and not a synonym for ‘bad’. Kitsch functions to cultivate personal attachment in the face of impersonal mass culture; it is this aesthetic, I argue, that indie pop has cultivated through its lo-fi and often nostalgic sound world and through its dissemination, which has relied upon dedicated collectors. The ‘honesty’ of this music does not arise from an illusion of unmediated communication, but instead from the emphasis on the process of mediation, which stresses the materiality of the music and the actual experience of listening.
‘How do you know he's not playing Pac-Man while he's supposed to be DJing?’: technology, formats and the digital future of DJ culture
Authors: Montano Ed 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn light of the growing literature on DJ culture, this article explores how technological change is having a significant impact on specific areas of music production and distribution within contemporary electronic dance music culture. An ethnographic methodology is employed, based around research conducted in the Sydney dance music scene between 2002 and 2007. The aim of the article is to reveal some of the discourses and reactions in DJ practice that result from shifts in technology. With the increasing use of CDs, mp3s and computer programs such as Ableton Live, the notion that vinyl and turntables represent the authentic technology of DJ culture seems somewhat redundant. The physical movement required to mix vinyl records has meant that the associated skills of DJing have become bound up in notions of physical and visible manipulation of technology, and so the use of technology that does not require and afford such physical expression has raised questions around the fundamental skills of DJing. As such, it would seem that there needs to be a redefinition of the concept of DJing, and a reframing of the skills and abilities seen as being essential to DJ practice.
Trajectory planning for a 1-DOF clutched robotic arm
Authors: Gu Hao , Ceccarelli Marco 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYIn this paper, we have reported a trajectory planning for a 1-degree-of-freedom clutched robotic arm. This novel robotic arm has only one actuator, but it can work in a spatial space by using a proper clutch system and a suitable trajectory planning. An algorithm has been proposed for generating a prescribed trajectory by means of seven operation modes, which are generated by different states of clutches.
Design and operation of a tripod walking robot via dynamics simulation
Authors: Liang Conghui , Gu Hao , Ceccarelli Marco , Carbone Giuseppe 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYA mechanical design and dynamics walking simulation of a novel tripod walking robot are presented in this paper. The tripod walking robot consists of three 1-degree-of-freedom (DOF) Chebyshev–Pantograph leg mechanisms with linkage architecture. A balancing mechanism is mounted on the body of the tripod walking robot to adjust its center of gravity (COG) during walking for balancing purpose. A statically stable tripod walking gait is performed by synchronizing the motions of the three leg mechanisms and the balancing mechanism. A three-dimensional model has been elaborated in SolidWorks® engineering software environment for a characterization of a feasible mechanical design. Dynamics simulation has been carried out in the MSC.ADAMS® environment with the aim to characterize and to evaluate the dynamic walking performances of the proposed design with low-cost easy-operation features. Simulation results show that the proposed tripod walking robot with proper input torques, gives limited reaction forces at the linkage joints, and a practical feasible walking ability on a flatten ground.
Definitions and markers of frailty: a systematic review of literature
Authors: Borges LL , Menezes RL 
Published: October 2010

SummaryFrailty is a central concept in geriatric medicine, but without a clear definition. Many regard it as a syndrome with its own clinical manifestations and pathophysiology, whilst others consider it to be the result of the accumulation of age-related deficits that predict adverse changes in health. We analysed, through a systematic review, the definitions and markers of the frailty syndrome. Twenty-five articles were included and divided, according to design, into observational, intervention, review and qualitative studies. There was a predominance of operational definitions that used only physical markers to identify frailty. The only qualitative study found that health professionals chose a multidimensional definition that took into account factors other than just the physical. We conclude that there is still no standard definition or agreement about markers of the frailty syndrome.
Southeastern institutional change and biological variation: evidence from the 19th century Tennessee State Prison
Authors: CARSON SCOTT ALAN 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:The use of height data to measure living standards is now a well-established method in economics, and a number of core findings in the literature are widely agreed upon. There are still some populations, places, and times, however, for which anthropometric evidence remains thin. This paper introduces a new dataset from the Tennessee State Prison to track the heights of comparable black and white males born between 1820 and 1906. Shorter statures were associated with close proximity to the Mississippi River, and the largest share of the white–black stature gap was associated with nativity. Black and white statures declined throughout the 19th century, and farmers were taller than non-farmers.
Primary care of early psychosis in Switzerland: a comprehensive assessment of attitudes, knowledge and needs among general practitioners
Authors: Simon A. , Umbricht D. , Merlo M. 
Published: October 2010

Due to their accessibility and their longstanding position as family physicians, general practitioners (GPs) are often the first contact for patients in early stages of psychosis.In a large nationwide, two‐phased survey among GPs in Switzerland, we assessed their attitudes, knowledge and needs with respect to treatment of patients suffering from early schizophrenia psychosis, using a comprehensive questionnaire. Of the 3878 GPs contacted, 1089 (28.2%) responded once, and 185 GPs responded twice. Among the core items crucial for the assessment and corroboration of the diagnosis of early schizophrenia two core items – social decline and an observation over several months – were regularly underidentified independent of geographic variables, former psychiatric training or recent education in the field of early psychosis. Most GPs expressed a wish for collaborations with psychiatrists and low threshold referral services. Our results suggest that we have to improve the dissemination of crucial information about signs and symptoms of early psychosis. There is a high need for establishing easily accessible services across the country.
Early detection and intervention programme for psychosis
Authors: Berman I. , Klegon D. , Chang H. , Fiedosewicz H. 
Published: October 2010

We will present the demographics, quality of life, and illness characteristics of a group of patients with new‐onset psychosis, assessed by the Early Detection and Intervention Programme of Psychosis (EDIPP), initiated 1 year ago by the Massachusetts Department of Mental Health (DMH), Southeastern Area. The EDIPP is conducted by the crisis team, which includes clinicians, nurses, and psychiatrists and serves a population of approximately half a million people. Patients diagnosed with new‐onset psychosis (according to preset criteria) are referred for assessments, using the premorbid, quality of life, psychiatric, and cognitive evaluations. Up to 60% of patients cooperated with the follow up visits.A significant number of new‐onset psychotic patients (up to 50%), however, could not be contacted by staff for follow‐up, because during the crisis evaluation were sent to facilities outside the geographical area. Patients who cooperated with the follow‐up appointments had significant support in the community,especially families who understood their illness.The high likelihood of noncompliance in patients with new‐onset psychosis points to the need of integrated programmes that will address education and antistigma efforts in the community and provide sufficient therapeutic support. Such a programme needs to be based on a case‐management system and cannot be successfully accomplished as part of an academic or private endeavour alone outside DMH guidelines.
A population assessment of young people's mental health literacy
Authors: Wright A. , McGorry P. D. , Harris M. , Harrigan S. , Jorm A. 
Published: October 2010

The aim of this study was to assess young people's mental health literacy in relation to psychosis and depression. It forms part of the baseline measure for the evaluation of a community awareness campaign called The Compass Strategy.A cross‐sectional telephone survey using structured interviews was conducted. Vignettes of a person with either depression or psychosis were presented. The randomly selected sample was comprised of 1207 young people aged 12–25 from Melbourne and surrounding rural areas.Overall depression was far more frequently correctly identified than psychosis. A significantly higher proportion of females were able to correctly identify depression and psychosis. Counsellors, family members and friends were the preferred source of help overall followed by General Practitioners and Psychiatrists. However, there were significant differences between disorders in ranking of these sources of help. Vitamins and herbal treatments were rated as more helpful than antidepressants and antipsychotics.To increase early recognition of mental illness by the general public, efforts need to focus on improving knowledge of both signs and symptoms, and effectiveness of treatments. Family, friends and young males are particularly important targets.
Insight and quality of life in Asian patients with first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Choo L. , Png C. , Chan S. , Subramaniam M. , Chong S. A. 
Published: October 2010

Objective  Quality of life (QOL) is increasingly perceived as an important outcome measure in psychosis. The study aims to identify determinants of QOL at first presentation with psychosis in an Asian context.Methods  33 patients presented to the Early Psychosis Intervention Programme (EPIP) were assessed with a battery of validated clinical instruments. Relationships between QOL, insight, psychopathology, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and socio‐demographic variables were examined.Results  While QOL was found to be independent of age of onset, DUP, gender, race and symptoms at baseline, it was influenced by insight and psychopathology. The insight scores were inversely correlated with the Physical Health domain of the WHO‐QOL BREF (r=−0.367, P < 0.05). General psychopathology on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was negatively correlated with the WHO‐QOL BREF (r=−0.370, P < 0.05).Conclusion  The present study appears to indicate that for patients in an Asian setting, the somatic experiences of ill health shaped the perceptions of insight.
Talk about life: subjective experience in early psychosis
Authors: Brown J. , Stadnyk R. , Whitehorn D. , Kopala L. , Townsend E. 
Published: October 2010

Objective  To explore the complex ways that early psychosis affects young people, and the things they do to look after themselves, enjoy life, and be productive, and the influence of the environmental factors.Methods  An occupational life history approach, based on phenomenology, guided interviews with five participants.Results  Data analysis identified eight common themes, that coalesced into the following: (1) There was no ‘life before psychosis’, (2) Life becomes increasingly narrow with the onset of symptoms after treatment, life expands again through an active learning process, which involves taking action with limited awareness about what one can actually do, (3) Maintaining productive roles limits the impact of psychosis however, few were enjoying life, had a boyfriend or girlfriend, or lived independently, (4) People with early psychosis maintain a feeling of competence, make their own decisions, and use meaningful occupations to rebuild their identities.Conclusions  Qualitative research is useful in gaining an understanding into what young people with early psychosis experience in trying to recover in everyday life.
The hotspot conversion paradox
Authors: Pineda-Krch Mario , Redfield Rosemary 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe contradiction between the long-term persistence of the chromosomal hotspots that initiate meiotic recombination and the self-destructive mechanism by which they act strongly suggests that our understanding of recombination is incomplete. This "hotspot paradox" has been reinforced by the finding that biased gene conversion also removes active hotspots from human sperm. To investigate the requirements for hotspot persistence, we developed a detailed computer simulation model of their activity and its evolutionary consequences. With this model, unopposed hotspot activity could drive strong hotspots from 50% representation to extinction within 70 generations. Although the crossing over that hotspots cause can increase population fitness, this benefit was always too small to slow the loss of hotspots. Hotspots could not be maintained by plausible rates of de novo mutation, nor by crossover interference, which alters the frequency and/or spacing of crossovers. Competition among hotspots for activity-limiting factors also did not prevent their extinction, although the rate of hotspot loss was slowed. Key factors were the probability that the initiating hotspot allele is destroyed and the nonmeiotic contributions hotspots make to fitness. Experimental investigation of these deserves high priority, because until the paradox is resolved all components of the mechanism are open to doubt.
Microfouling of Manganese-oxidizing microorganisms in Rameswaram Coastal Waters.
Authors: Muraleedharan Hari , Kalaigandhi V , Kannapiran E 
Published: October 2010

AbstractManganese oxidizing marine microorganisms was studied from the coupons of PVC, Titanium, Brass, Copper and Stainless Steel were immersed one meter below water surface, using wooden rafts. The metal coupons, Brass, Titanium and Brass were exposed for a period of six months (October 2005 to March 2006). The PVC and SS were suspended in the sea for two months (February and March 2006). Sea water samples were also collected from the study area using water sampler to estimate the physiochemical and nutrients were analyzed. The population of HB and MHB on PVC was registered as 3.62 x 107 CFU/cm2 and 2.87 x 107 CFU/cm2, respectively while on Stainless Steel the population density of HB and MHB was recorded as 3.79 x 105 CFU/cm2 and 1.34 x 105 CFU/cm2. The PVC and titanium coupons were recorded relatively higher values comparing with other coupons, and it may be due to the non-toxic nature of the substratum. Brass also recorded higher bacterial population density compared to copper. The least population density observed in copper coupons could be due to it toxic nature. The generic composition of heterotrophic bacterial strains isolated from biofilm samples, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative groups were noted on all the materials studied. The notable thing was that Gram-positive group was fond to be dominant. The genera identified under Gram-positive were Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Micrococcus sp. and the Gram-negative strains identified as Pseudomonas sp., Salmonella sp., Vibrio sp. and Proteus sp. Among the five types of coupons tested PVC exhibited highest Mn value of 5543 mg/g. Bacterial slim samples generated on the exposed coupons were scrapped and characterized by Bergey’s method.
Closed bioregenerative life support systems: Applicability to hot deserts
Authors: Polyakov Yuriy , Musaev Ibrahim , Polyakov Sergey 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWater scarcity in hot deserts, which cover about one-fifth of the Earth’s land area, along with rapid expansion of hot deserts into arable lands is one of the key global environmental problems. As hot deserts are extreme habitats characterized by the availability of solar energy with a nearly complete absence of organic life and water, space technology achievements in designing closed ecological systems may be applicable to the design of sustainable settlements in the deserts. This review discusses the key space technology findings for closed biogenerative life support systems (CBLSS), which can simultaneously produce food, water, nutrients, fertilizers, process wastes, and revitalize air, that can be applied to hot deserts. Among them are the closed cycle of water and the acceleration of the cycling times of carbon, biogenic compounds, and nutrients by adjusting the levels of light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide, and air velocity over plant canopies. Enhanced growth of algae and duckweed at higher levels of carbon dioxide and light intensity can be important to provide complete water recycling and augment biomass production. The production of fertilizers and nutrients can be enhanced by applying the subsurface flow wetland technology and hyper-thermophilic aerobic bacteria for treating liquid and solid wastes. The mathematical models, optimization techniques, and non-invasive measuring techniques developed for CBLSS make it possible to monitor and optimize the performance of such closed ecological systems. The results of long-duration experiments performed in BIOS-3, Biosphere 2, Laboratory Biosphere, and other ground-based closed test facilities suggest that closed water cycle can be achieved in hot-desert bioregenerative systems using the pathways of evapotranspiration, condensation, and biological wastewater treatment technologies. We suggest that the state of the art in the CBLSS design along with the possibility of using direct sunlight for photosynthesis and recent advances in photovoltaic engineering can be used as a basis for building sustainable settlements producing food, water, and energy in hot deserts.
Comparison of Cholesterol Lowering Diets: Apple, Casein Cytochrom P450 protein and Cholesterol 7α Hydroxylase Activities in Hamsters
Authors: Sharma Rakesh , Tandon Rakesh 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLithogenic diet, casein and apple fiber diets were fed to hamsters for 3-5 weeks. For control group, animals were fed on normal Purina chow without any supplement. The cholesterol lowering effect of lithogenic diet, casein and apple diets were compared. After dietary regimen, animals were screened for any gall stone formation. The isolated liver microsomes were separated from animals and tested for the cholesterol-7α Hydroxylase (CH) enzyme activity measurement in all three groups. The control animals did not show any gall stone formation and their CH enzyme activities were normal. The lithogenic diet showed significantly enhanced CH enzyme activities while animals fed on casein and apple diet regimen showed moderate increase in microsomal CH enzyme activity indicated cholesterol lowering in liver. In conclusion, cholesterol 7α hydroxylase may be a biomarker of cholesterol status in the body and microsomal CH enzyme may be lowered down after treatment of casein and apple diets.
Absolute Potentials of Standard Reference Electrodes at 25 C
Authors: Heyrovska Raji 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAqueous standard redox potentials are conventionally referred to that of the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) as zero (IUPAC definition), in the absence of the knowledge of its absolute value. Recently, the author obtained its value (4.20 V) from a newly found linear dependence of redox potentials on ionization potentials. This has enabled now to express the potentials of standard reference electrodes in terms of the absolute values.
Study of Sea level changes with Leckie method of the Abderaz Formation (Middle Turonian-Early Campanian) at type section based on foraminifera
Authors: Shafiee Ardestani Meysam , Abbasi Abbas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this research the Abderaz Formation at its type section with an age of Turonian-early Campanian and a thickness of 300 m containing.light grey shale and marls was investigated. Statistical Studise of the morphotype groups of planktonic foraminifera shows that the majority of them are of shallow water forms (SWF) and deep water forms (DWF) and planktonic to benthic ratio is high indicating specific condition of oligotrophy and sedimentation in a relatively deeper marine condition
Osmotic stress and water isotope effects in kinesin-1 gliding motility assays
Authors: Koch Steven , Maloney Andy , Herskowitz Lawrence 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe osmotic pressure and kinetic properties of water play important roles in biomolecular interactions. As pointed out by Parsegian, Rand, and Rau, these crucial roles are often overlooked[1]. In some fields, osmotic stress and isotope effects have been exploited for probing the role water plays in binding interactions of biomolecules. To our knowledge, there have been no studies of osmotic stress and water isotope effects for kinesin, and only a handful for myosin. We're currently using the gliding motility assay to see whether we can extract new information about kinesin-1 / microtubule interactions by changing osmotic stress and water isotopes. We will describe our open-source, automated analysis platform for extracting microtubule gliding speeds from image series. We will also show our preliminary analyses of the changes seen in gliding assays when done in heavy water (either heavy-hydrogen or heavy-oxygen) or osmolytes (betaine). We will discuss whether osmotic stress and isotopes, particularly heavy-oxygen water, might be an important tool for probing effects of water on binding interactions between kinesin and microtubules. We will also discuss potential applications of deuterium water for stabilizing microtubules and kinesin for lab or device applications.[1] Parsegian, V. A., Rand, R. P., & Rau, D. C. (1995). Macromolecules and water: probing with osmotic stress. Methods in Enzymology, 259.This work was supported by the DTRA CB Basic Research Program under Grant No. HDTRA1-09-1-008 in collaboration with Dr. Susan Atlas lab (UNM).