bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Atmospheric Processes Governing the Large-Scale Tropical Circulation in Idealized Aquaplanet Simulations
Authors: Gastineau Guillaume , Li Laurent , Le Treut Hervé 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The large-scale tropical atmospheric circulation is analyzed in idealized aquaplanet simulations using an atmospheric general circulation model. Idealized sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are used as lower-boundary conditions to provoke modifications of the atmospheric general circulation. Results show that 1) an increase in the meridional SST gradients of the tropical region drastically strengthens the Hadley circulation intensity, 2) the presence of equatorial zonal SST anomalies weakens the Hadley cells and reinforces the Walker circulation, and 3) a uniform SST warming causes small and nonsystematic changes of the Hadley and Walker circulations. In all simulations, the jet streams strengthen and move equatorward as the Hadley cells strengthen and become narrower.
Some relevant mechanisms are then proposed to interpret the large range of behaviors obtained from the simulations. First, the zonal momentum transport by transient and stationary eddies is shown to modulate the eddy-driven jets, which causes the poleward displacements of the jet streams. Second, it is found that the Hadley circulation adjusts to the changes of the poleward moist static energy flux and gross moist static stability, associated with the geographical distribution of convection and midlatitude eddies. The Walker circulation intensity corresponds to the zonal moist static energy transport induced by the zonal anomalies of the turbulent fluxes and radiative cooling. These experiments provide some hints to understand a few robust changes of the atmospheric circulation simulated by ocean–atmosphere coupled models for future and past climates.
How Does Rain Affect Surface Pressure in a One-Dimensional Framework?
Authors: Spengler Thomas , Egger Joseph , Garner Stephen T. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The process of hydrostatic adjustment in a vertical column is discussed in the context of rain formation and sedimentation. The authors assume an event of instantaneous condensation in a midatmospheric layer that removes mass from the gas phase and produces latent heating. It is shown that the rain formation leads to a change of the surface pressure after a short period of acoustic wave activity. There is, however, no hydrostatic surface effect once the particles reach terminal velocity. It is not until the rain reaches the ground that the surface pressure decreases consistently with the mass removed by the phase change.
Only the mass removal introduces perturbations below the layer of rain formation, where it acts to stretch the lower levels, reducing pressure and temperature. Above the layer of rain formation, the effects of latent heating dominate over the effects of mass removal by an order of magnitude.
The hydrostatic adjustment time is found to be approximately equal to e2Na−1 (340 s, where Na is the acoustic cutoff frequency and e is the Euler constant) and is proportional to the temperature of the isothermal basic state. The energy distribution is found to be dominated by the latent heating. However, the mass removal significantly alters the amount of energy lost due to work done by the pressure perturbations. The implications for numerical modeling are discussed.
Autologous Platelets Have No Effect on the Healing of Human Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Schepull Thorsten , Kvist Joanna , Norrman Hanna , Trinks Marie , Berlin Gösta , Aspenberg Per 
Published: November 2010

Background: Animal studies have shown that local application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) stimulates tendon repair. Preliminary results from a retrospective case series have shown faster return to sports. Hypothesis: Autologous PRP stimulates healing of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Thirty patients were recruited consecutively. During surgery, tantalum beads were implanted in the Achilles tendon proximal and distal to the rupture. Before skin suture, randomization was performed, and 16 patients were injected with 10mL PRP (10 times higher platelet concentration than peripheral blood) whereas 14 were not. With 3-dimensional radiographs (roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis; RSA), the distance between the beads was measured at 7, 19, and 52 weeks while the patient resisted different dorsal flexion moments over the ankle joint, thereby estimating tendon strain per load. An estimate of elasticity modulus was calculated using callus dimensions from computed tomography. At 1 year, functional outcome was evaluated, including the heel raise index and Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score. The primary effect variables were elasticity modulus at 7 weeks and heel raise index at 1 year. Results: The mechanical variables showed a large degree of variation between patients that could not be explained by measuring error. No significant group differences in elasticity modulus could be shown. There was no significant difference in heel raise index. The Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score was lower in the PRP group, suggesting a detrimental effect. There was a correlation between the elasticity modulus at 7 and 19 weeks and the heel raise index at 52 weeks. Conclusion: The results suggest that PRP is not useful for treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures. The variation in elasticity modulus provides biologically relevant information, although it is unclear how early biomechanics is connected to late clinical results.
CCR7 is involved in the migration of neutrophils to lymph nodes
Authors: Beauvillain Céline , Cunin Pierre , Doni Andrea , Scotet Mari , Jaillon Sébastien , Loiry Marie-Line , Magistrelli Giovanni , Masternak Krzysztof , Chevailler Alain , Delneste Yves , Jeannin Pascale 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that neutrophils may participate in the regulation of adaptive immune responses, and can reach draining lymph nodes and cross-prime naive T cells. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism(s) involved in the migration of neutrophils to the draining lymph nodes. We demonstrate that a subpopulation of human and mouse neutrophils express CCR7. CCR7 is rapidly expressed at the membrane upon stimulation. In vitro, stimulated human neutrophils migrate in response to the CCR7 ligands CCL19 and CCL21. In vivo, injection of complete Freund adjuvant induces a rapid recruitment of neutrophils to the lymph nodes in wild-type mice but not in Ccr7−/− mice. Moreover, intradermally injected interleukin-17–and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor–stimulated neutrophils from wild-type mice, but not from Ccr7−/− mice, migrate to the draining lymph nodes. These results identify CCR7 as a chemokine receptor involved in the migration of neutrophils to the lymph nodes.
Glycine tomentella Hayata inhibits IL-1β and IL-6 production, inhibits MMP-9 activity, and enhances RAW264.7 macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells
Authors: Yen Jia-Hau , Yang Deng-Jye , Chen Meng-Chi , Hsieh Yu-Fan , Sun Yu-Shu , Tsay Gregory J 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
To assess the effects of Glycine tomentella Hayata (GTH), a traditional herbal medicine for treatment of rheumatic diseases on the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines and on the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages.

Methods
RAW264.7 cells were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of ethanol extract of GTH. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and transglutaminase 2 (TG2) were assayed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were assayed by gelatin zymography. For detecting uptake of apoptotic cells, RAW264.7 cells were cultured with carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA)-stained apoptotic cells and assayed by flow cytometry.

Results
The major components of GTH analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatogram were daidzein (42.5%), epicatechin (28.8%), and naringin (9.4%).
GTH treatment inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP-9 but did not affect the expression of TNF-α and iNOS. GTH significantly enhanced the expression of TG2 and the clearance of apoptotic cells by RAW264.7 macrophages.

Conclusions
GTH inhibits proinflammatory cytokine secretion and MMP-9 activity, enhances apoptotic cell uptake and up-regulates TG2 expression. Our data show that GTH might have beneficial effects on rheumatic diseases.
Genome-wide BAC-end sequencing of Cucumis melo using two BAC libraries
Authors: González Víctor M , Rodríguez-Moreno Luis , Centeno Emilio , Benjak Andrej , Garcia-Mas Jordi , Puigdomènech Pere , Aranda Miguel A 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Although melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an economically important fruit crop, no genome-wide sequence information is openly available at the current time. We therefore sequenced BAC-ends representing a total of 33,024 clones, half of them from a previously described melon BAC library generated with restriction endonucleases and the remainder from a new random-shear BAC library.

Results
We generated a total of 47,140 high-quality BAC-end sequences (BES), 91.7% of which were paired-BES. Both libraries were assembled independently and then cross-assembled to obtain a final set of 33,372 non-redundant, high-quality sequences. These were grouped into 6,411 contigs (4.5 Mb) and 26,961 non-assembled BES (14.4 Mb), representing ~4.2% of the melon genome. The sequences were used to screen genomic databases, identifying 7,198 simple sequence repeats (corresponding to one microsatellite every 2.6 kb) and 2,484 additional repeats of which 95.9% represented transposable elements. The sequences were also used to screen expressed sequence tag (EST) databases, revealing 11,372 BES that were homologous to ESTs. This suggests that ~30% of the melon genome consists of coding DNA. We observed regions of microsynteny between melon paired-BES and six other dicotyledonous plant genomes.

Conclusion
The analysis of nearly 50,000 BES from two complementary genomic libraries covered ~4.2% of the melon genome, providing insight into properties such as microsatellite and transposable element distribution, and the percentage of coding DNA. The observed synteny between melon paired-BES and six other plant genomes showed that useful comparative genomic data can be derived through large scale BAC-end sequencing by anchoring a small proportion of the melon genome to other sequenced genomes.
Angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) decrease sFlt1 release in normal but not preeclamptic chorionic villi: an in vitro study
Authors: Anton Lauren , Merrill David C , Neves Liomar AA , Gruver Courtney , Moorefield Cheryl , Brosnihan K Bridget 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
During preeclampsia, placental angiogenesis is impaired. Factors released from the placenta including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PLGF), soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sFlt1), and soluble endoglin (sEng) are regulatory molecules of placental development and function. While the renin angiotensin system has been shown to regulate angiogenic factors in other research fields, these mechanisms have not been extensively studied during pregnancy.

Methods
We evaluated the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] on the release of VEGF, PLGF, sFlt1, and sEng from placental chorionic villi (CV). CV were collected from nulliparous third-trimester normotensive and preeclamptic subjects. CV were incubated for 0, 2, 4, and 16 hours with or without Ang II (1 nM and 1 microM) or Ang-(1-7) (1 nM and 1 microM). The release of VEGF, PLGF, sFlt1, sEng, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and human placenta lactogen (HPL) was measured by ELISA.

Results
The release of sFlt1, PLGF, sEng from normal and preeclamptic CV increased over time. Release of sFlt1 and sEng was significantly higher from preeclamptic CV. VEGF was below the detectable level of the assay in normal and preeclamptic CV. After 2 hours, sFlt1 release from normal CV was significantly inhibited with Ang II (1 nM and 1 microM) and Ang-(1-7) (1 nM and 1 microM). There was a time-dependent increase in HPL indicating that the CV were functioning normally.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates a critical inhibitory role of angiotensin peptides on sFlt1 in normal pregnancy. Loss of this regulation in preeclampsia may allow sFlt1 to increase resulting in anti-angiogenesis and end organ damage in the mother.
A duplex real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting western equine and eastern equine encephalitis viruses
Authors: Kang Xiaoping , Li Yuchang , Liu Hong , Lin Fang , Cai Xuyu , Sun Tingting , Chang Guohui , Zhu Qingyu , Yang Yinhui 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In order to establish an accurate, ready-to-use assay for simultaneous detection of Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) and Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), we developed one duplex TaqMan real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, which can be used in human and vector surveillance. First, we selected the primers and FAM-labeled TaqMan-probe specific for WEEV from the consensus sequence of NSP3 and the primers and HEX-labeled TaqMan-probe specific for EEEV from the consensus sequence of E3, respectively. Then we constructed and optimized the duplex real-time RT-PCR assay by adjusting the concentrations of primers and probes. Using a series of dilutions of transcripts containing target genes as template, we showed that the sensitivity of the assay reached 1 copy/reaction for EEEV and WEEV, and the performance was linear within the range of at least 106 transcript copies. Moreover, we evaluated the specificity of the duplex system using other encephalitis virus RNA as template, and found no cross-reactivity. Compared with virus isolation, the gold standard, the duplex real time RT-PCR assay we developed was 10-fold more sensitive for both WEEV and EEEV detection.
Local hyperthermia decreases the expression of CCL-20 in condyloma acuminatum
Authors: Wang Xiaoqin , Gao Xing-Hua , Hong Yuxiao , Li Xiaodong , Chen Hong-Duo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundLocal hyperthermia has been successfully used in the treatment of viral warts. However, the mechanism of action has largely remained unclear. CCL-20 (also known as MIP-3α) is the most potent chemokine for recruitment of Langerhans cell (LC) precursors into the skin. CCL-20 expression can be increased by TNF-α and IL-1α. The effects of local hyperthermia on the mRNA expressions of CCL-20, TNF-α, IL-1α have been investigated in both condyloma acuminata (CA) and normal skin. Under an organotypic culture condition, fresh CA and normal skin were subjected to surface heating at 37°C, 42°C and 45°C for 30 mins, respectively.ResultsThe mRNA expressions of CCL-20 and IL-1α in CA specimen were significantly higher than those in normal skin. Local hyperthermia at 42°C and 45°C significantly decreased the mRNA levels of CCL-20 and IL-1α, as compared with the control groups (p < 0.01). The decrease of CCL-20 was well correlated with that of IL-1α. The expression of TNF-α in CA remained unchanged in spite of the temperature variation. Local hyperthermia at 45°C concomitantly increased the mRNA expression of CCL-20 and IL-1α in normal skin.ConclusionsOur study suggests that hyperthermia decreases the expression of CCL-20 with concomitant decrease in IL-1α, and reduce the number of Langerhans cells in HPV infected skin.
Intradiscal transplantation of synovial mesenchymal stem cells prevents intervertebral disc degeneration through suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-related genes in nucleus pulposus cells in rabbits
Authors: Miyamoto Takashi , Muneta Takeshi , Tabuchi Takashi , Matsumoto Kenji , Saito Hirohisa , Tsuji Kunikazu , Sekiya Ichiro 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have high proliferative and chondrogenic potentials, and MSCs transplanted into the articular cartilage defect produce abundant extracellular matrix. Because of similarities between the articular cartilage and the intervertebral disc cartilage, synovial MSCs are a potential cell source for disc regeneration. Here, we examined the effect of intradiscal transplantation of synovial MSCs after aspiration of nucleus pulposus in rabbits.

Methods
The nucleus pulposus tissues of rabbit's intervertebral discs were aspirated to induce disc degeneration, and allogenic synovial MSCs were transplanted. At 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 24 weeks postoperatively, we evaluated with imaging analyses such as X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histological analysis. To investigate interaction between synovial MSCs and nucleus pulposus cells, human synovial MSCs and rat nucleus pulposus cells were co-cultured, and species specific microarray were performed.

Results
The existence of transplanted cells labeled with DiI or derived from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing transgenic rabbits was confirmed up until 24 weeks. X-ray analyses demonstrated that intervertebral disc height in the MSC group remained higher than that in the degeneration group. T2 weighted MR imaging showed higher signal intensity of nucleus pulposus in the MSC group. Immunohistological analyses revealed higher expression of type II collagen around nucleus pulposus cells in the MSC group compared with even that of the normal group. In co-culture of rat nucleus pulposus cells and human synovial MSCs, species specific microarray revealed that gene profiles of nucleus pulposus were altered markedly with suppression of genes relating matrix degradative enzymes and inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions
Synovial MSCs injected into the nucleus pulposus space promoted synthesis of the remaining nucleus pulposus cells to type II collagen and inhibition of expressions of degradative enzymes and inflammatory cytokines, resulting in maintaining the structure of the intervertebral disc being maintained.
On Ternary Inclusion-Exclusion Polynomials
Authors: Bachman Gennady 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTaking a combinatorial point of view on cyclotomic polynomials leads to a larger class of polynomials we shall call the inclusion-exclusion polynomials. This gives a more appropriate setting for certain types of questions about the coefficients of these polynomials. After establishing some basic properties of inclusion-exclusion polynomials we turn to a detailed study of the structure of ternary inclusion-exclusion polynomials. The latter subclass is exemplified by cyclotomic polynomials Φ
Associations between vitamin D receptor genotypes and mortality in a cohort of older Dutch individuals
Authors: de Jongh Renate T , Lips Paul , Rijs Kelly J , van Schoor Natasja M , Kramer Mark H H , Vandenbroucke Jan P , Dekkers Olaf M 
Published: November 2010

ContextVitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms are associated with a variety of diseases, which may translate into an effect on mortality.ObjectiveTo investigate the associations betweenVDRgene variants and mortality among older people.DesignThe analyses were conducted in a population-based, prospective cohort of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Adequate DNA analysis was performed in 923 men and women (≥65 years). We aimed to assess the associations between mortality and the VDR polymorphismFokI, three haplotypes of theCdx2andGATApolymorphisms, and three haplotypes of theBsmI,ApaI, andTaqIpolymorphisms.ResultsDuring the median follow-up of 10.7 years, 480 participants deceased (51%). Homozygosity for theCdx2–GATAhaplotype 1 allele was associated with a 30% higher mortality risk compared to the absence of alleles (hazard ratios (HR) 1.30, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.01–1.68). Adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels did not affect this HR. The number of copies of theCdx2–GATAhaplotype 1 allele was associated, although not significantly, with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures (0 copies=reference, HR, 95% CI: 1 copy 2.01, 0.99–4.07 and 2 copies 1.81, 0.87–4.18). After adjustment for osteoporotic fractures, homozygosity for theCdx2–GATAhaplotype 1 allele was no longer associated with higher mortality risk (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.83–1.41).ConclusionsTheCdx2–GATAhaplotype 1 allele was related to increased mortality risk, which may be partly explained by osteoporotic fractures. As the biological mechanism is uncertain and this study size is limited, our results should be interpreted as hypothesis generating.
A Novel Surgical Procedure for Coronally Repositioning of the Buccal Implant Mucosa Using Acellular Dermal Matrix: A Case Report
Authors: Mareque‐Bueno Santiago 
Published: November 2010

Background: This case report describes a surgical procedure for coronally advancing the peri‐implant mucosa to treat a soft tissue dehiscence in a single‐tooth implant‐supported restoration in combination with an acellular dermal matrix graft.Methods: The patient was a 41‐year‐old systemically healthy, non‐smoking female. Her chief complaint pertained to the unesthetic appearance of her right lateral upper incisor, caused by recession of the mucosal margin. On examination, a 3‐mm recession could be observed. The periodontium was classified as thin. A 2‐mm band of keratinized peri‐implant mucosa was present. Keratinized gingiva was approximately 6 mm at adjacent areas. The surgical technique included a novel incision design to coronally position the flap over an acellular dermal matrix graft.Results: Partial coverage of the recession was achieved. After a 6‐month period, tissues appeared thicker than preoperatively, with no bleeding on probing and no probing depth >2 mm. The patient was satisfied with the overall treatment result.Conclusions: This case report shows the possibility of achieving partial soft tissue coverage over an implant‐supported restoration with the combined use of an acellular dermal matrix and a coronally positioned flap. A novel technique is presented that allowed advancing the flap over the graft in a single‐tooth restoration where enough keratinized tissue was present preoperatively.
Interactions of Human Endothelial and Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cocultures
Authors: Ern Christina , Krump-Konvalinkova Vera , Docheva Denitsa , Schindler Stefanie , Rossmann Oliver , Böcker Wolfgang , Mutschler Wolf , Schieker Matthias 
Published: November 2010

Current strategies for tissue engineering of bone rely on the implantation of scaffolds, colonized with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), into a recipient. A major limitation is the lack of blood vessels. One approach to enhance the scaffold vascularisation is to supply the scaffolds with endothelial cells (EC).The main goal of this study was to establish a coculture system of hMSC and EC for the purposes of bone tissue engineering. Therefore, the cell behaviour, proliferation and differentiation capacity in various cell culture media as well as cell interactions in the cocultures were evaluated.The differentiation capacity of hMSC along osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineage was impaired in EC medium while in a mixed EC and hMSC media, hMSC maintained osteogenic differentiation. In order to identify and trace EC in the cocultures, EC were transduced with eGFP. Using time-lapse imaging, we observed that hMSC and EC actively migrated towards cells of their own type and formed separate clusters in long term cocultures. The scarcity of hMSC and EC contacts in the cocultures suggest the influence of growth factor-mediated cell interactions and points to the necessity of further optimization of the coculture conditions.