bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of design and operation parameters on solar‐driven membrane‐based desalination systems: An overview
Authors: Abdelrazik A. S. , Sharafeldin M. A. , Elwardany Mohamed , Abdulkawy N. , Shboul Bashar , Ezzat Sh M , AlGalad A. R. , Allam Abdelwahab N. , Abdulnasser R. , Abdalbadea N. , Antar Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDue to the scarcity of freshwater resources in many arid regions of the world, as well as rapidly growing populations and industrialization, various desalination technologies have been developed and enhanced to improve the performance of saline water purification with high quality. Integrating solar energy technologies with desalination systems would alleviate the running out of fossil fuel sources, reduce costs, and improve energy efficiency. Solar‐powered desalination systems could be a viable and efficient method for treating highly saline water for human consumption. Obtaining reliable and accurate design parameters for such hybrid systems plays a significant role in determining the system performance of solar‐driven desalination systems. The present review provides a comprehensive review of various solar‐driven membrane‐based desalination systems to investigate the impact of design and operation parameters for solar and desalination units on the effectiveness of the hybrid solar/desalination system. Recent advancements in utilizing numerous solar energy sources for desalination are analyzed herein. The economic implications of various membrane desalination operations for different solar energy sources are also discussed. It was revealed that the solar system design parameters, desalination unit characteristics, feed water properties, and climate conditions all affect the functionality and productivity of the membrane‐based solar‐powered desalination system. The feed pressure, number and shape of membranes, and the integrated solar system, all have significant impacts on the performance of the hybrid system. This article provides a pathway for desalination researchers to select the optimal design and operation parameters for hybrid solar‐powered membrane‐based desalination systems. Notably, they are found more feasible and sustainable than traditional desalination processes. Several related conclusions and future perspectives are reported herein.This article is categorized under:
Sustainable Energy > Solar Energy
MHD Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid flow through a vertical porous plate with thermal radiation: A finite difference approach
Authors: Sakkaravarthi K. , Sakthi I. , Reddy P. Bala Anki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis entire study aims to investigate the impacts of linear thermal radiation and MHD Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid flows over a vertical porous plate for comparison of nanofluid, hybrid, and tri‐hybrid nanofluids with Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids. We used a ternary hybrid nanofluid, Blood contains three types of oxides and metals: spherical ferric oxide (Fe3O4), platelet‐shaped zinc (Zn), and cylindrically‐shaped gold (Au) nanoparticles. The coupled nonlinear dual partial differential equations (PDEs) are turned into PDEs using nondimensional quantities. The Finite Difference Method (FDM) and the Perturbation Method are then used to solve the PDEs. The impacts of different parameters on temperature, velocity, Nusselt number, and Skin friction profiles have been discussed. The increase in viscosity occurs because an increase in Gr also causes an increase in the velocity field for nanofluid, hybrid, and tri‐hybrid nanofluids. A tri‐hybrid nanofluids performs better among the three, such as nanofluid, hybrids and tri‐hybrid nanofluids. As the volume fractions (Fe3O4) increase, the temperature increase for both Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids. The increase in temperature is due to the thermal conductivity of nanoparticles, which is enhanced by growth estimates of the nanoparticle volume fraction. The high temperature of the fluid is observed for large estimates of nanoparticle volume fraction. An increase gold (Au) also increases the temperature for shapes (cylinder, platelet, and spherical). A spherical shape performs better among the three, such as cylinder, platelet, and spherical. In this model, biomedical applications such as antiviral and therapeutic, treatment of the COVID‐19 virus, cancer treatment, and anticancer medication delivery systems.
Holography and localization of information in quantum gravity
Authors: Bahiru Eyoab , Belin Alexandre , Papadodimas Kyriakos , Sarosi Gabor , Vardian Niloofar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Within the AdS/CFT correspondence, we identify a class of CFT operators which represent diff-invariant and approximately local observables in the gravitational dual. Provided that the bulk state breaks all asymptotic symmetries, we show that these operators commute to all orders in 1/N with asymptotic charges, thus resolving an apparent tension between locality in perturbative quantum gravity and the gravitational Gauss law. The interpretation of these observables is that they are not gravitationally dressed with respect to the boundary, but instead to features of the state. We also provide evidence that there are bulk observables whose commutator vanishes to all orders in 1/N with the entire algebra of single-trace operators defined in a space-like separated time-band. This implies that in a large N holographic CFT, the algebra generated by single-trace operators in a short-enough time-band has a non-trivial commutant when acting on states which break the symmetries. It also implies that information deep in the interior of the bulk is invisible to single-trace correlators in the time-band and hence that it is possible to localize information in perturbative quantum gravity.
Baryons as vortexes on the η′ domain wall
Authors: Lin Fan , Ma Yong-Liang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We show that the recent construction of Nf = 1 baryons on the η′ domain wall can be understood as vortexes of the principal effective theory — the Chern-Simons-Higgs theory — on a 2+1-dimensional sheet. This theory has a series of vortex solutions, and the vortex with unit topological charge naturally spins Nc/2, which coincides with the spin of the one-flavor baryon in QCD. Since the Nc scaling of the vortexes is the same as that of baryons, the latter can be regarded as the former. By virtue of the particle-vortex symmetry, the dual Zhang-Hansson-Kivelson theory indicates that the quark carries topological charge 1/Nc and obeys fractional statistics. The generalization to arbitrary Nf is also discussed.
From optimal observables to machine learning: an effective-field-theory analysis of e+e− → W+W− at future lepton colliders
Authors: Chai Shengdu , Gu Jiayin , Li Lingfeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We apply machine-learning techniques to the effective-field-theory analysis of the e+e− → W+W− processes at future lepton colliders, and demonstrate their advantages in comparison with conventional methods, such as optimal observables. In particular, we show that machine-learning methods are more robust to detector effects and backgrounds, and could in principle produce unbiased results with sufficient Monte Carlo simulation samples that accurately describe experiments. This is crucial for the analyses at future lepton colliders given the outstanding precision of the e+e− → W+W− measurement (~ 10−4 in terms of anomalous triple gauge couplings or even better) that can be reached. Our framework can be generalized to other effective-field-theory analyses, such as the one of e+e− → $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

or similar processes at muon colliders.
Rescuing tri-heteromeric NMDA receptor function: the potential of pregnenolone-sulfate in loss-of-function GRIN2B variants
Authors: Kellner Shai , Berlin Shai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractN-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs emerging from GRIN genes) are tetrameric receptors that form diverse channel compositions in neurons, typically consisting of two GluN1 subunits combined with two GluN2(A-D) subunits. During prenatal stages, the predominant channels are di-heteromers with two GluN1 and two GluN2B subunits due to the high abundance of GluN2B subunits. Postnatally, the expression of GluN2A subunits increases, giving rise to additional subtypes, including GluN2A-containing di-heteromers and tri-heteromers with GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B subunits. The latter emerge as the major receptor subtype at mature synapses in the hippocampus. Despite extensive research on purely di-heteromeric receptors containing two identical GRIN variants, the impact of a single variant on the function of other channel forms, notably tri-heteromers, is lagging. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of two de novo GRIN2B variants (G689C and G689S) in pure, mixed di- and tri-heteromers. Our findings reveal that incorporating a single variant in mixed di-heteromers or tri-heteromers exerts a dominant negative effect on glutamate potency, although ‘mixed’ channels show improved potency compared to pure variant-containing di-heteromers. We show that a single variant within a receptor complex does not impair the response of all receptor subtypes to the positive allosteric modulator pregnenolone-sulfate (PS), whereas spermine completely fails to potentiate tri-heteromers containing GluN2A and -2B-subunits. We examined PS on primary cultured hippocampal neurons transfected with the variants, and observed a positive impact over current amplitudes and synaptic activity. Together, our study supports previous observations showing that mixed di-heteromers exhibit improved glutamate potency and extend these findings towards the exploration of the effect of Loss-of-Function variants over tri-heteromers. Notably, we provide an initial and crucial demonstration of the beneficial effects of GRIN2B-relevant potentiators on tri-heteromers. Our results underscore the significance of studying how different variants affect distinct receptor subtypes, as these effects cannot be inferred solely from observations made on pure di-heteromers. Overall, this study contributes to ongoing efforts to understand the pathophysiology of GRINopathies and provides insights into potential treatment strategies.
Higher Hölder regularity for the fractional p-Laplace equation in the subquadratic case
Authors: Garain Prashanta , Lindgren Erik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study the fractional p-Laplace equation $$\begin{aligned} (-\Delta _p)^s u = 0 \end{aligned}$$

(
-

Δ
p

)

s

u
=
0

for $$0<s<1$$

0
<
s
<
1

and in the subquadratic case $$1<p<2$$

1
<
p
<
2

. We provide Hölder estimates with an explicit Hölder exponent. The inhomogeneous equation is also treated and there the exponent obtained is almost sharp for a certain range of parameters. Our results complement the previous results for the superquadratic case when $$p\ge 2$$

p
≥
2

. The arguments are based on a careful Moser-type iteration and a perturbation argument.
Space-time CutFEM on overlapping meshes I: simple continuous mesh motion
Authors: Larson Mats G. , Logg Anders , Lundholm Carl 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present a cut finite element method for the heat equation on two overlapping meshes: a stationary background mesh and an overlapping mesh that moves around inside/“on top” of it. Here the overlapping mesh is prescribed by a simple continuous motion, meaning that its location as a function of time is continuous and piecewise linear. For the discrete function space, we use continuous Galerkin in space and discontinuous Galerkin in time, with the addition of a discontinuity on the boundary between the two meshes. The finite element formulation is based on Nitsche’s method and also includes an integral term over the space-time boundary between the two meshes that mimics the standard discontinuous Galerkin time-jump term. The simple continuous mesh motion results in a space-time discretization for which standard analysis methodologies either fail or are unsuitable. We therefore employ what seems to be a relatively uncommon energy analysis framework for finite element methods for parabolic problems that is general and robust enough to be applicable to the current setting. The energy analysis consists of a stability estimate that is slightly stronger than the standard basic one and an a priori error estimate that is of optimal order with respect to both time step and mesh size. We also present numerical results for a problem in one spatial dimension that verify the analytic error convergence orders.
Feeding Ration Impacts Larval Pimephales Promelas 7-Day Subchronic Growth Endpoint: Case Study with Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid
Authors: Boyda Jonna , Moore David , Krupa Paige , Kimble Ashley , Biber Thomas , May Lauren , Kennedy Alan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe larval fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, 7-day subchronic survival and growth standard toxicity test method is commonly used for research and regulatory testing of effluents and compounds, including emerging contaminants such as Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS). Existing feeding guidelines for testing are described in multiple methods but are open to interpretation. The current study sought to determine the impact of feeding ration on P. promelas survival and biomass during a subchronic exposure to PFOS. The study was conducted in two phases: (1) a control experiment to determine the most significant feeding ration factors that maximize biomass, with consideration to laboratory logistics, and (2) application of down-selected feeding rations in a PFOS exposure to determine toxicity reference values. The control optimization study supported that feeding ration and feeding frequency were significant factors in fish biomass. In the subsequent PFOS study, fish were fed a high or low ration of Artemia twice daily, while exposed to 0.3 to 3.4 mg/L PFOS. Fish fed a high ration of Artemia had significantly (p < 0.05) greater biomass than fish fed a low ration in all exposure concentrations except 3.4 mg/L, where survival was low in both treatments. The feeding ration was not a significant factor on the survival endpoint for either treatment, but the PFOS concentration was (p < 0.0001) (high ration LC50 = 2.44 mg/L; low ration LC50 = 2.25 mg/L). These findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact feeding ration has in toxicity assessments and downstream regulatory decisions.
Adsorptive removal of synthetic dye from its aqueous solution by using chitosan-bentonite composite: DFT and experimental studies
Authors: Şenol Zeynep Mine , Ertap Hüseyin , Fernine Yasmine , El Messaoudi Noureddine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the adsorption efficiency of a chitosan-bentonite (Ch–B) composite in removing methyl orange (MO), a common textile dye, from aqueous solutions. The study integrates experimental and theoretical analyses, employing density functional theory (DFT) to gain insights into the molecular interactions between the composite material and MO molecules. The Ch–B composite was characterized using various techniques, including FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM–EDX. The experimental results indicate that the Ch–B composite exhibits a high adsorption capacity for MO, with optimal conditions identified for efficient removal. The Langmuir model was found to best fit the experimental data and the adsorption capacity was 117 mg g−1. Adsorption thermodynamics showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, feasible, and exothermic. DFT calculation results are correlated with experimental findings to confirm theoretical predictions and improve the overall understanding of the adsorption process. Electronic structure calculations reveal the nature of the interactions between the Ch–B composite and MO molecules, including hydrogen bonds and electrostatic forces.
Speculative anisotropic mesh adaptation on shared memory for CFD applications
Authors: Tsolakis Christos , Chrisochoides Nikos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEfficient and robust anisotropic mesh adaptation is crucial for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The CFD Vision 2030 Study highlights the pressing need for this technology, particularly for simulations targeting supercomputers. This work applies a fine-grained speculative approach to anisotropic mesh operations. Our implementation exhibits more than 90% parallel efficiency on a multi-core node. Additionally, we evaluate our method within an adaptive pipeline for a spectrum of publicly available test-cases that includes both analytically derived and error-based fields. For all test-cases, our results are in accordance with published results in the literature. Support for CAD-based data is introduced, and its effectiveness is demonstrated on one of NASA’s High-Lift prediction workshop cases.
MOST wanted: navigating the MAPK-OIS-SASP-tumor microenvironment axis in primary pediatric low-grade glioma and preclinical models
Authors: Sigaud Romain , Brummer Tilman , Kocher Daniela , Milde Till , Selt Florian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG)—the most prevalent brain tumor in children—is essential for the identification and evaluation of novel effective treatments. This review explores the intricate relationship between the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and the tumor microenvironment (TME), integrating these elements into a unified framework termed the MAPK/OIS/SASP/TME (MOST) axis. This integrated approach seeks to deepen our understanding of pLGG and improve therapeutic interventions by examining the MOST axis’ critical influence on tumor biology and response to treatment. In this review, we assess the axis’ capacity to integrate various biological processes, highlighting new targets for pLGG treatment, and the need for characterized in vitro and in vivo preclinical models recapitulating pLGG’s complexity to test targets. The review underscores the need for a comprehensive strategy in pLGG research, positioning the MOST axis as a pivotal approach in understanding pLGG. This comprehensive framework will open promising avenues for patient care and guide future research towards inventive treatment options.
Telemedizinische Versorgung von Patienten mit kardialen Implantaten
Authors: Steiner Bianca , Zippel-Schultz Bettina , Thoden Erna , Geller Christoph J. , Klingenheben Thomas , Kröttinger Annett , Leonhardt Volker G. , Placke Jens , Helms Thomas M. 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Durch die Weiterentwicklung telemedizinischer Strukturen im deutschen Gesundheitswesen gewinnt das telekardiologische Monitoring zunehmend an Bedeutung, um eine ambulante, lückenlose und bedarfsgerechte Versorgung zu gewährleisten. Anhand der nationalen Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahme „DOQUVIDE – Dokumentation der Qualität bei der Erhebung von Vitalparametern durch implantierte Devices“ wird ein Ausschnitt der Versorgungsrealität von Patient*innen mit telekardiologischen Aggregaten in Deutschland abgebildet.

Methodik
DOQUVIDE ist ein Messinstrument zur Erfassung der Versorgungsrealität ambulant telekardiologisch betreuter Patient*innen mit implantierten Schrittmacher‑/ICD-/CRT-P-/CRT-D-Devices und Ereignisrekordern. DOQUVIDE erfasst kardiale Ereignisse, telemedizinisch gewonnene Vitalparameter und das Prozedere nach Ereignismeldung.

Ergebnisse
In 74 Praxen/Kliniken in 14 Bundesländern wurden im Jahr 2022 6678 Patient*innen telemedizinisch betreut; 937 wurden neu eingeschlossen. Diese waren durchschnittlich 77,8 Jahre alt mit mehrheitlich NYHA-Klasse II (62,6 %). Es wurden 5801 Ereignisbögen als Folge telekardiologischer Ereignisse generiert, davon 3590 aufgrund einer pathologischen Vorhofflimmerlast, 1812 aufgrund ventrikulärer Hochfrequenzepisoden, 295 durch Ereignisrekorder und 95 durch ausgelöste Gerätetherapien. Als Maßnahmen folgten vor allem telefonische Kontakte oder die ambulante Einbestellung der Patient*innen.

Schlussfolgerung
Telekardiologisches Monitoring ist in der deutschen Versorgungsrealität angekommen. Standardisierte Prozesse und Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen ermöglichen die Etablierung gemeinsamer Qualitätsstandards sowie die Identifizierung von Weiterentwicklungspotenzialen und erleichtern den Praxen die Umsetzung im Versorgungsalltag.
Septic complications are on the rise and aseptic loosening has decreased in total joint arthroplasty: an updated complication based analysis using worldwide arthroplasty registers
Authors: Hauer Georg , Rasic Laura , Klim Sebastian , Leitner Lukas , Leithner Andreas , Sadoghi Patrick 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
A decade ago, a comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the reasons for revision surgeries and their respective frequencies in cases of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) based on a complication-based analysis of joint replacement registries. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the causes and risks of their occurrence have changed over the last ten years and to present an updated analysis.

Materials and methods
A systematic review of national arthroplasty registries from seven countries examined the causes and rates of revisions of THA and TKA. The study focused on a descriptive analysis that provided an updated overview without statistical significance values.

Results
The most common causes for revisions of THA were aseptic loosening (35.1%), deep infection (18.2%), dislocation/instability (15.9%), and periprosthetic fractures (11.4%). The most common causes for revisions of TKA were deep infection (21.6%), aseptic loosening (18.3%), instability (14.1%), and pain (10.9%).

Conclusion
The findings of this study revealed significant shifts in the underlying causes of revision surgeries in the last decade. Notably, septic complications emerged as the predominant reason for revision of primary TKA, while they also gained prominence as a cause of failure of THA. Although aseptic loosening remains the primary cause for re-operation of THA, the relative risk has decreased for both THA and TKA.
Inflammatory cytokine levels and changes during omalizumab treatment in chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Hoşgören-Tekin Selcen , Eyüboğlu İrem Peker , Akkiprik Mustafa , Giménez-Arnau Ana Maria , Salman Andaç 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile several studies have examined the role of T cells and related cytokines in the development of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), there is a limited amount of research focusing on the changes in cytokine levels during omalizumab treatment. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the inflammatory cytokine profile (including IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-31, IL-33, and TNFα) among CSU patients undergoing to omalizumab treatment. Plasma levels of cytokines were measured using ELISA. Measurements were taken before CSU treatment, at the 3rd and 6th months of omalizumab treatment, and once in the control group. The severity of the patients’ disease was assessed using the weekly Urticaria Activity Score(UAS7), and disease control was evaluated using the Urticaria Control Test(UCT). Thirty-one CSU patients and 56 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included. Plasma levels of IL-4 and IL-33 were significantly lower in patients with CSU compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001; p = 0.038, respectively). During omalizumab treatment, IL-4 levels showed a significant increase in the 3rd month compared to baseline (p = 0.01), and IL-5 levels significantly decreased in the 6th month compared to both the 3rd month and baseline (6th month vs. baseline; p = 0.006, 6th month vs. 3rd month; p = 0.001). One potential mechanism of action for omalizumab may involve its regulatory effects on type 2 inflammatory cytokines in CSU patients. This finding partially explains the efficacy of anti-IL-4/13 treatments in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Further investigations on drugs targeting type 2 inflammatory cytokines in CSU are warranted.