bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radical Stakeholders and the Craft of Environmental Public Policy: Security Dimensions, Considerations and Implications
Authors: Deshpande Nick 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAmong the terrorist threats to the American homeland, law enforcement authorities have previously characterized the danger posed by the radical environmentalist movement (REM) as severe. In order to counter the threat, decision makers must recognize that public policies beyond the existing counterterrorism framework —especially those that concern the environment —might have a mitigating effect on support for the REM movement and its potential use of violent tactics. Officials should focus on policy ownership and delegitimizing its leaders' narratives when crafting such policies. Ultimately, the approach to countering the radical environmental movement must be comprehensive: it should not rely on the narrow tenets of counterterrorism alone and should encompass other policy mechanisms in order to best mitigate this threat.
Cephalometric measurements from 3D reconstructed images compared with conventional 2D images
Authors: Zamora Natalia , Llamas Jose M. , Cibrián Rosa , Gandia Jose L. , Paredes Vanessa 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Objective:
To assess whether the values of different measurements taken on three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) are comparable with those taken on two-dimensional (2D) images from conventional lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCRs) and to examine if there are differences between the different types of CBCT software when taking those measurements.

Material and Methods:
Eight patients were selected who had both an LRC and a CBCT. The 3D reconstructions of each patient in the CBCT were evaluated using two different software packages, NemoCeph 3D and InVivo5. An observer took 10 angular and 3 linear measurements on each of the three types of record on two different occasions.

Results:
Intraobserver reliability was high except for the mandibular plane and facial cone (from the LCR), the Na-Ans distance (using NemoCeph 3D), and facial cone and the Ans-Me distance (using InVivo5). No statistically significant differences were found for the angular and linear measurements between the LCRs and the CBCTs for any measurement, and the correlation levels were high for all measurements.

Conclusion:
No statistically significant differences were found between the angular and linear measurements taken with the LCR and those taken with the CBCT. Neither were there any statistically significant differences between the angular or linear measurements using the two CBCT software packages.
Association Between Changes in Abdominal and Lumbar Multifidus Muscle Thickness and Clinical Improvement After Spinal Manipulation
Authors: Koppenhaver Shane L. , Fritz Julie M. , Hebert Jeffrey J. , Kawchuk Greg N. , Childs John D. , Parent Eric C. , Gill Norman W. , Teyhen Deydre S. 
Published: April 2011

Study Design Prospective case series. Objective To examine the relation between improved disability and changes in abdominal and lumbar multifidus (LM) thickness using ultrasound imaging following spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) in patients with low back pain (LBP). Background Although there is a growing body of literature demonstrating physiologic effects following the application of SMT, few studies have attempted to correlate these changes with clinically relevant outcomes. Methods Eighty-one participants with LBP underwent 2 thrust SMT treatments and 3 assessment sessions within 1 week. Transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and LM muscle thickness was assessed during each session, using ultrasound imaging of the muscles at rest and during submaximal contractions. The Modified Oswestry Disability Index was used to quantify participants' improvement in LBP-related disability. Stepwise hierarchical multiple linear regression and repeated-measures analysis of variance were performed to examine the multivariate relationship between change in muscle thickness and clinical improvement over time. Results After controlling for the effects of age, sex, and body mass index, change in contracted LM muscle thickness was predictive of improved disability at 1 week (P = .02). As expected, larger increases in contracted LM muscle thickness at 1 week were associated with larger improvements in LBP-related disability. Contrary to our hypothesis, significant decreases in both contracted TrA and IO muscle thickness were observed immediately following SMT; but these changes were transient and unrelated to whether participants experienced clinical improvements. Conclusion These findings provide evidence that clinical improvement following SMT is associated with increased thickening of the LM muscle during a submaximal task. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(6):389–399, Epub 6 April 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3632
Trésor d'archives : la sirène irlandaise, une femme entre fleurs et fruits
Authors: Muller Sylvie 
Published: April 2011

Résumé Contrairement à ses consœurs antiques et médiévales, dont la séduction est mortifère ou diabolique, la sirène irlandaise est séduisante et féconde, bonne épouse et bonne mère. Les rites et les récits qui lui sont associés s’insèrent dans un ancien calendrier paysan européen, qui met en correspondance les cycles de reproduction de la terre, de la femme et de la plante. Cette sirène s’inscrit en effet dans un temps cyclique où la mort est à la terre ce que la menstruation est à la femme et la floraison à la plante : un potentiel fécond, nourricier.
Échanges épistolaires en anthropologie : l'enquête Harvard-Irlande (1930-1936)
Authors: Byrne Anne 
Published: April 2011

Résumé L’article analyse un choix de lettres professionnelles et privées échangées dans le cadre de l’enquête américaine menée en Irlande de 1930 à 1936. Cette correspondance, que l’auteur soumet à une approche narrative, vient enrichir l’historiographie de la première visite en Europe, dans les années 1930, d’une équipe d’anthropologues et d’archéologues de l’université Harvard participant à une étude pluridisciplinaire de la « société moderne ». Elle permet non seulement de mettre en évidence une nouvelle stratégie de recherche inaugurée par deux anthropologues, Conrad Arensberg et Solon Kimball, mais aussi d’entendre la voix des informateurs et de faire apparaître, dans toute sa complexité, la relation qu’ils entretiennent avec le chercheur.
La ballade de Robin Gill
Authors: Beiner Guy 
Published: April 2011

Résumé Le concept de tradition locale est au cœur de l’ethnologie irlandaise et pourtant il ne va pas de soi. Cet article éclaire la construction socioculturelle des traditions locales à partir d’une étude de cas : la narration et la diffusion d’un épisode de l’Histoire populaire relatant l’invasion en 1798 de l’ouest de l’Irlande par les Français, venus soutenir une insurrection républicaine qui échoua. On peut ainsi retracer l’élaboration de la tradition locale au travers de ses transformations, depuis l’histoire de famille récitée par des conteurs de talent jusqu’à la légende rattachée au folklore régional, puis au patrimoine national.
Characteristics of Educational Leaflets that Attract Pregnant Women
Authors: Sudo Noriko 
Published: April 2011

Background Many health service sectors produce leaflets for health education, but specific issues such as their overall content and design (layout, graphics, illustrations) are seldom discussed. Important features contributing to the effectiveness of any leaflet is the extent to which it is read by its target audience. The purpose of this study was to examine the acceptability of two different leaflets on abstinence from alcohol during pregnancy. Methods Four semistructured group discussions were conducted among 33 pregnant women. They were asked if they would take, read, and save the leaflets, and to give a reason for their decision. The reasons were discussed according to the components of the leaflet, including its front cover, content, and illustrations. Results The design of a leaflet's front cover plays a key role in attracting pregnant women, and, in the event that readers are interested in the topic, they prefer a leaflet with detailed content, and a real-life example, eg, a photograph of a child with fetal alcohol syndrome. Conclusion Positive key characteristics should be incorporated into educational leaflets to enhance the attention given to the material by pregnant women, as well as to facilitate retention of the information.
Natural Tooth Pontic using Fiber-reinforced Composite for Immediate Tooth Replacement
Authors: Tilakchand Mahima , Kidiyoor KH , Rao R Nageshwar 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTFor patients who require removal of anterior teeth due to periodontal problems there are a multitude of treatment considerations. Using the natural tooth as a pontic offers the benefits of being the right size, shape and color. This paper describes the immediate replacement of an anterior tooth using a preimpregnated fiber-reinforced composite with the natural tooth as the pontic. The abutment teeth can be preserved with minimal or no preparation, thus keeping the technique reversible, and can be completed at the chair side thereby avoiding laboratory costs. It can be used as an interim measure or as a definitive prosthesis.
Impact of scatter radiation on spectral quantification performance of first‐ and second‐generation dual‐layer spectral computed tomography
Authors: Salazar Edgar , Liu Leening P. , Perkins Amy E. , Halliburton Sandra S. , Shapira Nadav , Litt Harold I. , Noël Peter B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of scatter radiation on quantitative performance of first and second‐generation dual‐layer spectral computed tomography (DLCT) systems.MethodA phantom with two iodine inserts (1 and 2 mg/mL) configured to intentionally introduce high scattering conditions was scanned with a first‐ and second‐generation DLCT. Collimation widths (maximum of 4 cm for first generation and 8 cm for second generation) and radiation dose levels were varied. To evaluate the performance of both systems, the mean CT numbers of virtual monoenergetic images (MonoEs) at different energies were calculated and compared to expected values. MonoEs at 50 versus 150 keV were plotted to assess material characterization of both DLCTs. Additionally, iodine concentrations were determined, plotted, and compared against expected values. For each experimental scenario, absolute errors were reported.ResultsAn experimental setup, including a phantom design, was successfully implemented to simulate high scatter radiation imaging conditions. Both CT scanners illustrated high spectral accuracy for small collimation widths (1 and 2 cm). With increased collimation (4 cm), the second‐generation DLCT outperformed the earlier DLCT system. Further, the spectral performance of the second‐generation DLCT at an 8 cm collimation width was comparable to a 4 cm collimation on the first‐generation DLCT. A comparison of the absolute errors between both systems at lower energy MonoEs illustrates that, for the same acquisition parameters, the second‐generation DLCT generated results with decreased errors. Similarly, the maximum error in iodine quantification was less with second‐generation DLCT (0.45 and 0.33 mg/mL for the first and second‐generation DLCT, respectively).ConclusionThe implementation of a two‐dimensional anti‐scatter grid in the second‐generation DLCT improves the spectral quantification performance. In the clinical routine, this improvement may enable additional clinical benefits, for example, in lung imaging.
Effect of Ni Substituted MgZrTa2O8 Ceramics on Sintering Characteristics and Microwave Dielectric Properties
Authors: Gao Lan , Zhang Yun , Ding Shihua 
Published: May 2024

Herein, Mg1−xNixZrTa2O8 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1) ceramics are synthesized using a solid‐phase reaction method. Ni2+ replacing Mg2+ improves the drawback of high sintering temperature and poor temperature stability. The samples have a relative density above 95% at the optimal sintering temperature. The sintering temperature of Mg1−xNixZrTa2O8 reduces from 1475 to 1400 °C. And single‐phase Mg1−xNixZrTa2O8 ceramics with monoclinic wolframite structures are analyzed. According to the Rietveld refinement results, with the doping of Ni2+, the transformation of unit cell volume leads to the shift of the main peak in the X‐Ray diffraction pattern to a higher angle in 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3 and a lower angle in 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1. The εr of Mg1−xNixZrTa2O8 is comparable to MgZrTa2O8. At 1400 °C, the Q × f is increased from 10 598 GHz in the undoped sample to 43 041 GHz in Mg0.9Ni0.1ZrTa2O8 ceramic. The absolute values of τf of ceramic samples decrease with the excessive Ni2+. The desirable dielectric properties (εr = 20.79, Q × f = 43 041 GHz, τf = −33.04 ppm °C−1) are obtained at 1400 °C. Ni substitution is effective for MgZrTa2O8 ceramic to optimize densification temperature and retain the high Q × f value.
Exploring the Potential and Challenges of CRISPR Delivery and Therapeutics for Genetic Disease Treatment
Authors: Yang Xinpu , Bui Thuy Anh , Mei Haoqi , Aksoy Yagiz Alp , Deng Fei , Hutvagner Gyorgy , Deng Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman genetic disorders, arising from a range of genetic irregularities, can significantly affect human physiology, often with limited available treatment options. The development of the CRISPR system, facilitating precise editing of the genome, has opened new avenues for addressing a range of mutations found in various genetic disorders. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive reviews that specifically address the application of CRISPR in genetic diseases. To bridge this gap, this review focuses on exploring the advancements in CRISPR technology and their utility in therapeutic approaches for various genetic disorders. This review introduces human genetic disorders, explains the fundamental mechanisms of CRISPR editing, and highlights the latest advancements in CRISPR technology. Additionally, it examines three CRISPR delivery techniques, including physical delivery, viral vectors, and nanocarriers. It further reviews CRISPR's applications in therapeutic approaches for genetic disorders. Finally, it identifies the primary hurdles associated with industrial development and ethics considerations that should be addressed before the application of CRISPR in a medical context.
Reabsorption‐Free Scintillating Hetero‐Ligand MOF Crystals Activated by Ultrafast Energy Transfer
Authors: Orfano Matteo , Perego Jacopo , Bezuidenhout Charl X. , Villa Irene , Lorenzi Roberto , Sabot Benoit , Pierre Sylvie , Bracco Silvia , Piva Sergio , Comotti Angiolina , Monguzzi Angelo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFast photoluminescence and scintillation with a Stokes shift larger than 1 eV is achieved in hetero‐ligand metal–organic framework (MOF) crystals comprising inorganic linking nodes and fluorescent conjugated ligands. By finely engineering the MOF composition with the use of ligands with strictly complementary emission and absorption properties and highly delocalized molecular electronic orbitals, the singlet excitons diffusion is enhanced through the ligand framework, fully exploiting both Förster and Dexter energy transfer mechanisms. This allows for the sensitization of energy acceptor ligand fluorescence by ultrafast non‐radiative energy transfer with a rate up to the THz range. This efficient antenna effect instantly activates the MOF scintillation with a Stokes shift as large as 1.3 eV in the blue spectral range, matching the highest sensitivity spectral window of the best photodetector available. This is obtained using a minimal doping level of the energy acceptor species, with a consequent elimination of emission re‐absorption that allows the achievement of a 500% increment of the MOFs scintillation efficiency and the detection of the radioactive krypton isotope 85Kr from the gas phase with an improved sensitivity compared with the reference material.
Dual Infrared 2‐Photon Microscopy Achieves Minimal Background Deep Tissue Imaging in Brain and Plant Tissues
Authors: Safaee Mohammad M. , Nishitani Shoichi , McFarlane Ian R. , Yang Sarah J. , Sun Ethan , Medina Sebastiana M. , Squire Henry , Landry Markita P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTraditional deep fluorescence imaging has primarily focused on red‐shifting imaging wavelengths into the near‐infrared (NIR) windows or implementation of multi‐photon excitation approaches. Here, the advantages of NIR and multiphoton imaging are combined by developing a dual‐infrared two‐photon microscope that enables high‐resolution deep imaging in biological tissues. This study first computationally identifies that photon absorption, as opposed to scattering, is the primary contributor to signal attenuation. A NIR two‐photon microscope is constructed next with a 1640 nm femtosecond pulsed laser and a NIR PMT detector to image biological tissues labeled with fluorescent single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Spatial imaging resolutions are achieved close to the Abbe resolution limit and eliminate blur and background autofluorescence of biomolecules, 300 µm deep into brain slices and through the full 120 µm thickness of a Nicotiana benthamiana leaf. NIR‐II two‐photon microscopy can also measure tissue heterogeneity by quantifying how much the fluorescence power law function varies across tissues, a feature this study exploits to distinguish Huntington's Disease afflicted mouse brain tissues from wildtype. These results suggest dual‐infrared two‐photon microscopy can accomplish in‐tissue structural imaging and biochemical sensing with a minimal background, and with high spatial resolution, in optically opaque or highly autofluorescent biological tissues.
Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia on CuCo Nanowires at Practical Level
Authors: Zhang Kouer , Sun Pengting , Huang Yulun , Tang Mingcong , Zou Xiaohong , Pan Zhefei , Huo Xiaoyu , Wu Jie , Lin Chunche , Sun Zhongti , Wan Yangyang , Zhang Xiao , An Liang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO3RR) holds great promise for environmentally friendly ammonia production. Tandem catalysis is a promising strategy for boosting the NO3RR and inhibiting side effects, but it is still challenged by lacking well‐designed catalysts to drive this catalytic process. Herein, the study develops the CuCo branched nanowires (CuCo NW) catalyst, which efficiently converts NO3
− to NH3 on Co (111) and Cu (111) crystal facets through a tandem catalysis mechanism. The in situ grown CuCo NW on Cu foam demonstrates a remarkable Faraday efficiency of 90.3% at 1.0 A cm−2 and maintains stable operation for 200 h at 100 and 200 mA cm−2 in a flow reactor. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the initial absorption and subsequent deoxygenation of *NO3 on Co (111) leading to the formation of *NO2, followed by its transfer to Cu (111) and further conversion to *NH3, establish an optimal pathway by managing rate‐determining steps on individual surfaces for NO3RR. To showcase the practical application of the catalyst, the study further develops a scaling‐up prototype reactor for continuous ammonia production, realizing the gram‐level yield rate of 1474.09 mg h−1 and Faraday efficiency of 91.26% at practical‐level 20.0 A.
Achieving High zT with Carbon Nanotube/Conjugated Microporous Polymer Thermoelectric Nanohybrids by Meticulous Molecular Geometry Design
Authors: Lin Meng‐Hao , Mohamed Mohamed Gamal , Lin Chih‐Jung , Sheng Yu‐Jane , Kuo Shiao‐Wei , Liu Cheng‐Liang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are characterized by high physical and chemical stabilities along with low thermal conductivities due to their conjugated microporous frameworks, making them promising candidates for thermoelectric application. However, the advancement of CMPs within the thermoelectric field is considerably hampered by their inadequate electrical conductivity and unfavorable processability. Herein, highly‐conducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are dispersed in two solvents (1,2‐dichlorobenzene and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) to fabricate p‐ and n‐type CNT/CMP nanohybrids. Additionally, two unique CMPs are synthesized to elucidate the impacts of the chemical structures and pore architectures on the thermoelectric properties of the nanohybrids. Finally, due to the differing steric hindrance effects of the two CMPs, the thermoelectric performance can be tuned under varying circumstances. The synergetic effects of low thermal conductivity and efficient dispersion capability of the CMPs yield optimized figure of merit (zT) values of 0.053 and 0.13 at 303 K for the p‐ and n‐type thermoelectric nanohybrids, respectively. This investigation presents an alternative approach to building high zT p‐ and n‐type thermoelectric CNT/CMP nanohybrids operating near ambient temperature via the solvent doping effect and chemical structure design of the CMPs, thereby establishing CMP‐based materials as promising candidates for thermoelectric application.
3D Printing of Composite Radiation Shielding for Broad Spectrum Protection of Electronic Systems
Authors: Rosh‐Gorsky Avery , Coon Austin , Beck Devon , D'Onofrio Richard , Binney Quinn , Queen Isaiah , Barney Andrea , Longton Robert , Long Ashley Carlton , Gouker Pascale , Ledford Keri , Smith Melissa Alyson , Cascio Ethan , Konomi Ksenofon , Duncan Bradley 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe miniaturization of satellite systems has compounded the need to protect microelectronic components from damaging radiation. Current approaches to mitigate this damage, such as indiscriminate mass shielding, built‐in redundancies, and radiation‐hardened electronics, introduce high size, weight, power, and cost penalties that impact the overall performance of the satellite or launch opportunities. Additive manufacturing provides an appealing strategy to deposit radiation shielding only on susceptible components within an electronic assembly. Here, a versatile material platform and process to conformally print customized composite inks at room temperature directly and selectively onto commercial‐off‐the‐shelf electronics is described. The suite of inks uses a flexible styrene‐isoprene‐styrene block copolymer binder that can be filled with particles of different atomic densities for diverging radiation shielding capabilities. Additionally, the system enables the combination of multiple distinct particle species within the same printed structure. The method can produce graded shielding that offers improved radiation attenuation by tailoring both shield geometry and composition to provide comprehensive protection from a broad range of radiation species. The authors anticipate this alternative to traditional shielding methods will enable the rapid proliferation of the next generation of compact satellite designs.