bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head and neck cancer stem cells: The side population
Authors: Tabor Mark H. , Clay Matthew R. , Owen John H. , Bradford Carol R. , Carey Thomas E. , Wolf Gregory T. , Prince Mark E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory concludes that a subpopulation of cancer cells, the cancer stem cells, can self‐renew and are responsible for tumor growth. Previous studies have identified cells able to efflux Hoechst 33342 dye as the side population (SP). SP cells and CSCs share many characteristics, suggesting the SP isolated from malignant tumors contains CSCs.Study Design:Experimental Study.Methods:The SP was isolated from a head and neck cancer cell line and analyzed for CSC‐like characteristics.Results:The SP demonstrated the ability to reproduce both SP and non‐side population (NSP) cells from as few as one cell. The SP had lower expression of active β‐catenin and more resistance to 5‐fluorouracil; the SP also demonstrated greater expression of Bmi‐1 (4.3‐fold) and ABCG2 (1.4‐fold). SP cells were able to produce tumors in an animal model, whereas NSP were not. SPs were identified in two primary human tumors.Conclusions:This work adds to the evidence that the SP in head and neck cancer represents cells with CSC properties and provides a method by which CSCs can be isolated and studied. Laryngoscope, 2011
Symptomatic maxillary sinus retention cysts: Should they be removed?
Authors: Albu Silviu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Recently, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) okay? has become the surgical procedure of choice for removing retention cysts from the maxillary sinus. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between symptomatic relief and ESS with or without endoscopic excision of maxillary cysts.Study Design:Prospective, randomized study.Methods:Inclusion criteria were symptomatic maxillary cysts filling at least 50% of the sinus space. We conducted a prospective, randomized study comprising 80 patients. Of the patients, 41 underwent endoscopic ethmoidectomy, middle meatus antrostomy, and excision of the cysts (group A); and 39 underwent ethmoidectomy and antrostomy without cyst detachment (group B). During follow‐up an attempt was made to correlate symptomatic failure with type of surgery, computed tomography (CT) score, cyst size, and ratio of cyst size/antral size.Results:Symptomatic failure occurred in nine cases: four in the group A and five in group B. There was no relationship between success rates and type of surgery, CT score, cyst size, and ratio of cyst size/antral size.Conclusions:Endoscopic ethmoidectomy and middle meatus antrostomy without cyst detachment yielded similar outcomes with cyst extirpation through the antrostomy. Our treatment should be aimed in restoring ventilation and drainage of the dependent maxillary sinus. Laryngoscope, 2010
Posterior hyoid space as related to excision of the thyroglossal duct cyst
Authors: Maddalozzo John , Alderfer Jeremy , Modi Vikash 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The anatomy of the anterior neck in the area of the hyoid, thyrohyoid membrane, and epiglottis is herein redescribed and compared to its classical depiction. The concept of the posterior hyoid space (PHS) is defined and substantiated through review of archived tissue and cadaver larynx dissection as well as by observation at many surgical dissections. The true anatomy of these relationships provides an insight into the effectiveness of the Sistrunk procedure. The author believes that recurrence of thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDC) occurs as a consequence of incomplete resection of: 1) microscopic suprahyoid ductules and/or 2) infra‐ and perihyoid tissue.Study Design:The senior author has been using the concept of the posterior hyoid space as applied to the Sistrunk procedure for more than 20 years. A retrospective study was done on cases from April 2003 to August 2008, and outcome was reviewed and compared to historical controls to determine the impact of applying this anatomic concept.Methods:A retrospective chart review was undertaken on 60 surgical cases performed for a 5‐year period with clinical follow‐up extended to an additional 7 months. Data collected included age at surgery, presenting symptoms, imaging characteristics, thyroid status, pathology results, and postoperative complications. All 60 were under the age of 18 who underwent a modified Sistrunk procedure and had a postoperative diagnosis of TGDC. Each patient had a minimum follow‐up period of 4 months to check for recurrences. No revision was included in this study.Results:Sixty patients met criteria for the study. There was one recurrence (1.67%); a complication rate of 6.67%. Complications were minor and wound related. Mean follow‐up was 17 months.Conclusions:The technique of applying the concept of a PHS to ensure the complete resection of the middle third of the hyoid bone and offending tissues is believed to decrease recurrence of TGDC secondary to incomplete resection in the perihyoid area. Laryngoscope, 2010
Deformation of nasal septum during nasal trauma
Authors: Lee Shu Jin , Liong Kyrin , Lee Heow Pueh 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:Injury to the nasal septum is commonly found in most nasal fractures. The nasal septum deforms and crumples, leading to nasal deviation and internal nasal obstruction.Aim:This study aims to identify the main areas of high stress concentration when a dynamic anteroposterior load is applied to the nasal tip, simulating nasal trauma. We wish to determine if the nasal septum acts as a crumpled zone, and deforms significantly during nasal trauma.Materials and Methods:An idealized and a patient‐specified finite element model have been generated for the present study. Several models with various combinations of narrower angle at the Vomer Ethmoidal Junction (VEJ) are also constructed from this septum model. Finite element analyses are carried out to determine the deformation and stress distribution in the nasal septum when a dynamic anteroposterior load is applied to the nasal tip.Conclusions:The maximum stress areas in the nasal septum are in the vicinity of the bony‐cartilaginous (BC) junction and the anterior nasal spine (ANS), which are consistent with clinical experience. A larger anteroposterior load, a longer loading duration, and a more acute VEJ angle would result in higher maximum stresses. The observations were identical in both idealized and patient‐specific models. The findings of this analysis also suggest that the septum does function as a crumpled zone, absorbing a significant amount of stress before it is transmitted to the skull. Laryngoscope, 2010
AB‐polymer Networks with Cooligoester and Poly(n‐butyl acrylate) Segments as a Multifunctional Matrix for Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Wischke Christian , Neffe Axel T. , Steuer Susi , Engelhardt Eva , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSemi‐crystalline AB‐copolymer networks from oligo[(ε‐caprolactone)‐co‐glycolide]dimethacrylates and n‐butylacrylate have recently been shown to exhibit a shape‐memory functionality, which may be used for self‐deploying and anchoring of implants. In this study, a family of such materials differing in their molar glycolide contents χG was investigated to determine structure–property functional relationships of unloaded and drug loaded specimens. Drug loading and release were evaluated, as well as their degradation behavior in vitro and in vivo. Higher χG resulted in higher loading levels by swelling and a faster release of ethacridine lactate, lower melting temperature of polymer crystallites, and a decrease in shape fixity ratio of the programmed temporary shape. For unloaded networks, the material behavior in vivo was independent of the mechanical load associated with different implantation sites and agreed well with data from in vitro degradation studies. Thus, AB networks could be used as novel matrices for biofunctional implants, e.g., for urogenital applications, which can self‐anchor in vivo and provide mechanical support, release drugs, and finally degrade in the body to excretable fragments.magnified image
Preparation and Properties of Novel Triphenylpyridine‐Containing Hyperbranched Polyimides Derived from 2,4,6‐Tris(4‐aminophenyl)pyridine under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Chen W. , Yan W. , Wu S. , Xu Z. , Yeung K. W. K. , Yi C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA novel ${\rm BB'}_{{\rm 2}} $‐type triamine was synthesized for the first time and employed to prepare a series of amine‐ and anhydride‐terminated triphenylpyridine‐containing hyperbranched polyimides under microwave irradiation. The structure of the triamine monomer and polymers were verified by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The predominantly amorphous polyimides were soluble in m‐cresol, NMP, DMSO, DMAc and DMF at room temperature or upon heating. The polymers showed glass transition temperatures above 310 °C and a 5 and 10% weight‐loss temperature above 482 and 559 °C. Tensile strength and modulus were higher than 53.1 MPa and 1.01 GPa, respectively. AM‐HBPI‐2 and AD‐HBPI‐2 showed UV‐Vis absorptions in the region 200–400 and 200–350 nm and displayed strong purple and blue fluorescence.magnified image
Controlling Fiber Repulsion in Multijet Electrospinning for Higher Throughput
Authors: Kumar Arun , Wei Ming , Barry Carol , Chen Julie , Mead Joey 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA novel electrospinning set‐up has been developed to successfully electrospin multiple jets with controlled fiber repulsion using a plastic filter. This set‐up shows reduced fiber repulsion as compared to a multineedle set‐up, along with increased throughput. The effect of processing parameters on the fiber repulsion in a multineedle set‐up was also studied. It was found that fiber repulsion could be reduced by controlling emitter voltage and emitter/collector distance. Other important parameters studied included fiber distribution and throughput. It was found that the plastic filter set‐up produced fibers with lower mean diameters and better uniformity. This novel plastic filter design for electrospinning provides increased electrospinning rates with better fiber uniformity.magnified image
On a Geometric Formula for the Fundamental Solution of Subelliptic Laplacians
Authors: Beals Richard , Gaveau Bernard , Greiner Peter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper introduces a new method for constructing fundamental solutions and parametrices for a class of second order subelliptic operators. The method is applied to obtain an explicit fundamental solution for the sublaplacian associated to the hypersurface [lm z2 = |z1|2k] ⊂ ℂ2. The fundamental solution is expressed as an integral over the characteristic variety of an expression whose denominator is a Hamiltonian action function and whose numerator solves an associated second order transport equation.
Avatars as information: Perception of consumers based on their avatars in virtual worlds
Authors: Bélisle Jean‐François , Bodur H. Onur 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe presence of consumers and companies in the virtual worlds has increased in recent years. It is predicted that 80% of active Internet consumers and Fortune 500 companies will have an avatar or presence in a virtual community, including social networks, by the end of 2011 (eMarketer,2007). The increase in the number of consumers with avatars emphasizes the need for a better understanding of who these consumers behind the avatars really are in order to convert these individuals to online and real‐world customers. The objective of this paper is to investigate how avatars reflect the personality of their creators (targets) in virtual worlds. Using the Brunswik Lens Model as the theoretical framework, an investigation of real consumers in the virtual worldSecond Lifereveals that perceivers who view targets' avatar use particular thin‐slices of observations such as avatar cues (e.g., attractiveness, gender, hairstyle) to form accurate personality impressions about targets. The findings support the premise that real‐life companies that intend to expand to virtual worlds can use member avatars as a proxy for member personality and lifestyles. As a future research direction, avatars and other consumer‐generated media could be used as the basis for targeting and segmentation of online consumers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Materialism and its relationship to individual values
Authors: Kilbourne William E. , LaForge Mary C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe nature of materialism has been of interest to scholars for many years. Of particular recent interest have been the correlates of materialism and their relationship to each other. This study examined the relationship between individual values, demographics, and materialism. Both self‐enhancement and self‐transcendence values were examined using data from a telephone survey with a random sample of 303 U.S. respondents. It was hypothesized that self‐enhancement is positively related to materialism and self‐transcendence is negatively related. The results suggest that the relationship between values and materialism is more complex than believed previously. Analysis of variance revealed several interactions that were of potential importance for both public policy and marketing strategy. Of particular interest was the interaction between self‐enhancement and self‐transcendence. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sp1 upregulates the four and half lim 2 (FHL2) expression in gastrointestinal cancers through transcription regulation
Authors: Guo Zheng , Zhang Wenjing , Xia Guosheng , Niu Lingyun , Zhang Yan , Wang Xinying , Zhang Yali , Jiang Bo , Wang Jide 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, our purpose is to clarify the role of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) in transcription activation of the four and half lim 2 (FHL2). pLuc595 which contained −1163nt to −568nt upstream ATG starting codon displayed the highest while pLuc382 (−950nt to −568nt) displayed lowest transcription activities in GI cancer cells. Meanwhile, suppression of Sp1 by siRNA or chemical inhibitor, mithramycin A (MIT) inhibited the promoter activity and FHL2 expression. Bioinformatics analysis showed two putative Sp1 binding elements within pLuc595 while EMSA assay demonstrated that the wild type but not the mutated probe containing the distal element bound to the cell nuclear protein specifically. Mutation of the distal Sp1 binding sequence suppressed the transcription activity of pLuc595. In vivo study showed that both Sp1 and FHL2 were highly expressed by cancer cells but not the normal GI tissues with their expressions being positive correlated. These data identified a functional Sp1 positively regulatory element (−1058nt to −1049nt) within FHL2 promoter, and the positive correlation between Sp1 and FHL2 in expressing pattern and signal mechanism strongly suggested their synergized effect in carcinogenesis and progression of GI cancers. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Downregulation of programmed cell death 4 by inflammatory conditions contributes to the generation of the tumor promoting microenvironment
Authors: Yasuda Michiko , Schmid Tobias , Rübsamen Daniela , Colburn Nancy H. , Irie Kazuhiro , Murakami Akira 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAmple evidence has shown key roles of inflammation in tumor promotion and carcinogenesis, and tumor‐associated macrophages are known to promote tumor growth and dissemination. Programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) is a novel tumor suppressor, and although various studies have revealed that the functions and expression mechanisms of Pdcd4 in tumor promotion, those in regard to inflammation remain unclear. In the present study, we examined whether inflammatory stimuli regulate Pdcd4 expression. 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate (TPA) suppressed expression of pdcd4 mRNA in human monocytic cell lines (U937, THP‐1). Similarly, the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) downregulated pdcd4 level in mouse RAW264.7 and peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, conditioned medium from LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages suppressed pdcd4 mRNA in RAW264.7 macrophages, and findings obtained with recombinant tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and TNF‐α‐specific siRNA suggested that TNF‐α partly mediates LPS‐triggered Pdcd4 downregulation via an autocrine mechanism. Specific inhibitors of phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K) and c‐jun N‐terminus kinase (JNK) restored LPS‐abolished pdcd4 mRNA. Consistently, in MCF7 mammary carcinoma cells, conditioned medium from TPA‐differentiated/activated U937 cells suppressed pdcd4 mRNA. Additionally, knockdown of pdcd4 in RAW264.7 macrophages using siRNA significantly enhanced LPS‐induced TNF‐α protein production, and interferon‐γ, CC chemokine ligand (Ccl) 1, Ccl20, and interleukin‐10 mRNA expression. These results suggest that Pdcd4 suppresses the induction of these inflammatory mediators. Taken together, loss of Pdcd4 in macrophages may be a critical step in establishing the inflammatory environment while that in tumor cells contributes to tumor progression. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decreased expression of thrombomodulin is correlated with tumor cell invasiveness and poor prognosis in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Po‐Len , Tsai Jong‐Rung , Chiu Chien‐Chih , Hwang Jhi‐Jhu , Chou Shah‐Hwa , Wang Chih‐Kuang , Wu Shu‐Jing , Chen Yuh‐Lien , Chen Wen‐Chi , Chen Yung‐Hsiang , Chong Inn‐Wen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThrombomodulin (TM) plays a role in coagulation, inflammation, and cell adhesion. Reduction of TM expression plays an important role in the tumor metastatic process; however, insufficient information is available regarding the expression of TM in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sixty NSCLC patients who underwent surgery were reviewed for TM expression and multiple variables were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. The expression level of TM and its metastatic ability were examined in vitro using the human NSCLC A549 cell line. TM expression in NSCLC was significantly correlated with survival; the 5‐yr survival rates of patients with high and low TM expression were 23% and 18% (P < 0.01), respectively. Distribution of TM was detected predominantly in the normal lung tissue compared with lung cancer tissue. Western blot analysis showed, on average, decreased expression levels of TM protein in the lung cancer tissues of patients with NSCLC. An in vitro study also showed that overexpression of TM can inhibit the invasiveness and migration ability of the A549 cell line, whereas silencing of TM significantly enhanced these processes. This inhibition of cellular migration by overexpression of TM was significantly prevented by the selective inhibitors of PI3K and Akt, but not by MAPK inhibitors. This study demonstrates that a decrease in TM expression may be an indicator in the prognosis of NSCLC patients and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of TM in the metastasis of NSCLC. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of acidic sphingomyelinase in thymol‐mediated dendritic cell death
Authors: Xuan Nguyen Thi , Shumilina Ekaterina , Schmid Evi , Bhavsar Shefalee K. , Rexhepaj Rexhep , Götz Friedrich , Gulbins Erich , Lang Florian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractScope: Thymol is a component of several plants with antimicrobial activity. Little is known about the effects of thymol on immune cells of the host. This study addressed the effects of thymol on dendritic cells (DCs), regulators of innate and adaptive immunity.Methods and results: Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis were performed in bone marrow‐derived DCs either from wild‐type mice or from mice lacking acid sphingomyelinase (ASM−/−) treated and untreated for 24 h with thymol (2–100 μg/mL). Thymol treatment resulted in activation of ASM, stimulation of ceramide formation, downregulation of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL proteins, activation of caspase 3 and caspase 8, DNA fragmentation as well as cell membrane scrambling. The effects were dependent on the presence of ASM and were lacking in ASM−/− mice or in wild‐type DCs treated with sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitriptyline.Conclusion: Thymol triggers suicidal DC death, an effect mediated by and requiring activation of ASM.
Hydro‐ethanolic extract of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) nut and its principal compound, anacardic acid, stimulate glucose uptake in C2C12 muscle cells
Authors: Tedong Leonard , Madiraju Padma , Martineau Louis C. , Vallerand Diane , Arnason John T. , Desire Dzeufiet D. P. , Lavoie Louis , Kamtchouing Pierre , Haddad Pierre S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractScope: Products of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) are used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including diabetes.Methods and results: The anti‐diabetic properties of cashew plant parts were studied using differentiated C2C12 myoblasts (myotubes) and rat liver mitochondria. Hydroethanolic extract of cashew seed (CSE) and its active component, anacardic acid (AA), stimulated glucose transport into C2C12 myotubes in a concentration‐dependent manner. Extracts of other parts (leaves, bark and apple) of cashew plant were inactive. Significant synergistic effect on glucose uptake with insulin was noticed at 100 μg/mL CSE. CSE and AA caused activation of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase in C2C12 myotubes after 6 h of incubation. No significant effect was noticed on Akt and insulin receptor phosphorylation. Both CSE and AA exerted significant uncoupling of succinate‐stimulated respiration in rat liver mitochondria.Conclusion: Activation of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase by CSE and AA likely increases plasma membrane glucose transporters, resulting in elevated glucose uptake. In addition, the dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation may enhance glycolysis and contribute to increased glucose uptake. These results collectively suggest that CSE may be a potential anti‐diabetic nutraceutical.
Pterostilbene induces autophagy and apoptosis in sensitive and chemoresistant human bladder cancer cells
Authors: Chen Rong‐Jane , Ho Chi‐Tang , Wang Ying‐Jan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractScope: Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world. The majority of bladder cancer deaths are due to unresectable lesions that are resistant to chemotherapy. Pterostilbene (PT), a naturally occurring phytoalexin, possesses a variety of pharmacologic activities, including antioxidant, cancer prevention activity and cytotoxicity to many cancers. We found that PT effectively inhibits the growth of sensitive and chemoresistant human bladder cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, autophagy and apoptosis. Down‐regulations of Cyclin A, B and D1 and pRB are the results of PT‐induced cell cycle arrest.Methods and results: Autophagy occurred at an early stage and was observed through the formation of acidic vesicular organelles (the marker for autophagy) and microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3‐II production. Apoptosis occurred at a later stage and was detected by Annexin V and 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole staining. PT‐induced autophagy was triggered by the inhibition of active human protein kinase/the mammalian TOR/p70S6K pathway and activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathway. Inhibition of autophagy by pretreatment with 3‐methyladenine, bafilomycin A1, Beclin 1 or extracellular signal‐regulated kinase short hairpin RNA enhanced PT‐triggered apoptosis.Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate that PT causes autophagy in cancer cells and suggests that PT could serve as a new and promising agent for the treatment of sensitive and chemoresistant bladder cancer cells.