bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a rapid capillary zone electrophoresis method for the determination of aconite alkaloids in aconite roots
Authors: Song Jing‐Zheng , Han Quan‐Bin , Qiao Chun‐Feng , But Paul Pui‐Hay , Xu Hong‐Xi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIntroduction – Aconites, with aconite alkaloids as the major therapeutic and toxic components, are used for the treatment of analgesic, antirheumatic and neurological symptoms. Quantification of the aconite alkaloids is important for the quality control of aconite‐containing drugs.Objective – To establish a validated capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for the simultaneous determination of six major alkaloids, namely aconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, benzoylaconine, benzoylmesaconine and benzoylhypaconine, in crude and processed aconite roots.Methodology – The CZE method was optimised and validated using a stability‐indicating method. The optimised running buffer was a mixture of 200 mm Tris, 150 mm perchloric acid and 40% 1,4‐dioxane (pH 7.8) with the capillary thermostated at 25°C.Results – Using the optimised method, six aconite alkaloids were well separated. The established method showed good precision, accuracy and recovery. Contents of these alkaloids in crude and processed aconites were determined and it was observed that the levels of individual alkaloids varied between samples.Conclusion – The developed CZE method was reliable for the quality control of aconites contained in herbal medicines. The method could also be used as an approach for toxicological studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of sesquiterpene lactones in Eupatorium lindleyanum by HPLC‐PDA‐ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Yang Nian Yun , Duan Jin Ao , Shang Er Xin , Tian Li Juan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIntroduction – The aerial part Eupatorium lindleyanum is commonly used as an antipyretic and detoxicant clinically in traditional Chinese medicine. Our previous research showed that germacrane sesquiterpene lactones were its main active constituents, so the development of rapid and accurate methods for the identification of the sesquiterpene lactones is of great significance.Objective – To develop an HPLC‐PDA‐ESI‐MS/MS method capable for simple and rapid analysis of germacrane sesquiterpene lactones in the aerial part E. lindleyanum.Methodology – High‐performance liquid chromatography‐photodiode array detection‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze germacrane sesquiterpene lactones of Eupatorium lindleyanum. The fragmentation behavior of germacrane sesquiterpene lactones in a Micromass Q/TOF Mass Spectrometer was discussed, and 9 germacrane sesquiterpene lactones were identified by comparison of their characteristic data of HPLC and MS analyses with those obtained from reference compounds.Results – The investigated germacrane sesquiterpene lactones were identified as eupalinolides C (1), 3β‐acetoxy‐8β‐(4′‐hydroxy‐tigloyloxy)‐14‐hydroxy‐costunolide (2), eupalinolides A (3), eupalinolides B (4), eupalinolides E (5), 3β‐acetoxy‐8β‐(4′‐oxo‐tigloyloxy)‐14‐hydroxy‐heliangolide (6), 3β‐acetoxy‐8β‐(4′‐oxo‐ tigloyloxy)‐14‐hydroxy‐costunolide (7), hiyodorilactone B (8), and 3β‐acetoxy‐8β‐(4′‐hydroxy‐tigloyloxy)‐ costunolide (9). Compounds 6, 7 and 9 were reported for the first time.Conclusion – HPLC‐PDA‐ESI‐MS/MS provides a new powerful approach to identify germacrane sesquiterpene lactones in E. lindleyanum rapidly and accurately. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of flavonoids and phenylethanoids in the flowers of Verbascum densiflorum and V. phlomoides by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Klimek Barbara , Olszewska Monika Anna , Tokar Magdalena 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIntroduction – Mullein (Verbascum) flowers are highly valued herbal drugs used in the treatment of inflammation, asthma, spasmodic coughs and other respiratory tract diseases. Their phenolic constituents are considered to be responsible for the anti‐inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of the herb. However, knowledge about the contents of phenolics in flowers is limited and no HPLC method for their analysis is available.Objective – To develop and validate an RP‐HPLC‐UV method for the simultaneous determination of eight flavonoids and two phenylethanoids in the flowers of Verbascum densiflorum and V. phlomoides.Methodology – HPLC separation was accomplished on a C18 Lichrosphere 100 column (5 µm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, i.d.) with an acetonitrile gradient elution using aqueous 0.5% (w/v) orthophosphoric acid solution containing 1% (v/v) tetrahydrofurane.Results – All the calibration curves showed good linear correlation coefficients (r > 0.997) over the wide test ranges. The relative standard deviation of the method was less than 3.4% for intra‐ and inter‐day assays, and the average recoveries were between 93.5 and 101.9%. High sensitivity was demonstrated with detection limits of 0.062–0.083 µg/mL for flavonoid aglycones, 0.156–0.336 µg/mL for flavonoid glycosides and 0.390–0.555 µg/mL for phenylethanoids. The flower samples of V. phlomoides were found to contain high levels of diosmin and tamarixetin 7‐rutinoside (2.327–2.392% of dry weight), whereas verbascoside (0.688–0.742% of dry weight) and luteolin 7‐glucoside (0.204–0.279% of dry weight) dominated in the V. densiflorum flower.Conclusion – The HPLC method established is appropriate for the quality assurance and the differentiation of V. phlomoides and V. densiflorum samples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of regional left ventricular longitudinal function in 151 normal fetuses using velocity vector imaging
Authors: Peng Qing‐Hai , Zhou Qi‐Chang , Zeng Shi , Tian Lei‐Qi , Zhang Ming , Tan Yi , Pu Da‐Rong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical value of velocity vector imaging (VVI) in the assessment of normal fetal regional myocardial performance and to establish a normative data set for normal Chinese fetuses.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐one healthy Chinese fetuses were divided into five groups according to their gestational age. Digital dynamic four‐chamber views were collected and analyzed offline. The regional tissue velocity, strain, and strain rate of the interventricular septum and left lateral wall were measured in systole and diastole.ResultsNormal systolic and diastolic values for tissue velocity, strain, and strain rate were established. Tissue velocity decreased gradually from the basal segment to the apical segment (P < 0.01), whereas the strain and strain rate were stable among all segments in every group (P > 0.05). Tissue velocity was dependent on gestational age (P < 0.05), whereas strain and strain rate were stable throughout gestation (P > 0.05).ConclusionVVI is a novel noninvasive tool for quantitative assessment of regional systolic and diastolic function of the fetal heart. Fetal myocardial velocity, strain, and strain rate measurements can be measured easily and reproducibly. This technique is useful for evaluating cardiac function. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X‐ray diffraction and dynamic mechanical analyses of α‐chitin whisker‐reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite nanofibers
Authors: Junkasem Jirawut , Rujiravanit Ratana , Grady Brian P , Supaphol Pitt 
Published: October 2009

AbstractElectrospinning is a facile method for preparing nanocomposite materials in fiber form. Nanomaterials that have been incorporated within such fibers are usually inorganic in nature. Recently, nanocomposite nanofibers based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the matrix and nanocrystals of α‐chitin (i.e. chitin whiskers; ca 31 nm in width and ca 549 nm in length on average) as the nanofiller have been successfully prepared. In the study reported here, the fibers were further investigated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic mechanical analyses in comparison with the corresponding solvent‐cast films. The average diameters of the PVA/chitin whiskers fibers ranged between 175 and 218 nm. Careful analysis of the wide‐angle XRD patterns of the fiber mats and the films showed that PVA was partially crystalline, and the incorporation of the whiskers within the fibers was confirmed by peaks characteristic to α‐chitin crystals. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the fiber mats were weaker than the films and that the relaxation temperatures associated with the glass transition (Tg) of the fiber mats were greater than those of the films. The addition and increasing the amount of the whiskers caused the crystallinity of PVA within the nanocomposite materials to decrease and Tg to increase. The present study shows that the geometry of nanocomposite materials plays a major role in determining their properties. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic analysis of liver tissue fromHBx‐transgenic mice at early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Kim Sun‐Young , Lee Phil Young , Shin Hye‐Jun , Kim Do Hyung , Kang Sunghyun , Moon Hyung‐Bae , Kang Sang Won , Kim Jin‐Man , Park Sung Goo , Park Byoung Chul , Yu Dae‐Yeul , Bae Kwang‐Hee , Lee Sang Chul 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe hepatitis B virus X‐protein (HBx), a multifunctional viral regulator, participates in the viral life cycle and in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously reported a high incidence of HCC in transgenic mice expressing HBx. In this study, proteomic analysis was performed to identify proteins that may be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and/or that could be utilized as early detection biomarkers for HCC. Proteins from the liver tissue ofHBx‐transgenic mice at early stages of carcinogenesis (dysplasia and hepatocellular adenoma) were separated by 2‐DE, and quantitative changes were analyzed. A total of 22 spots displaying significant quantitative changes were identified using LC‐MS/MS. In particular, several proteins involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism, such as mitochondrial 3‐ketoacyl‐CoA thiolase, intestinal fatty acid‐binding protein 2 and cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, were differentially expressed, implying that significant metabolic alterations occurred during the early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. The results of this proteomic analysis provide insights into the mechanism of HBx‐mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. Additionally, this study identifies possible therapeutic targets for HCC diagnosis and novel drug development for treatment of the disease.
Reactive intermediates in the initiation step of the photo‐oxidation of MDMO‐PPV
Authors: Chambon Sylvain , Rivaton Agnès , Gardette Jean‐Luc , Firon Muriel 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBecause oxygen cannot be fully eliminated from organic solar cells, the occurrence of oxidative photo‐degradation of the device in operating conditions has to be considered. Polyphenylene‐vinylene‐based photovoltaic devices have a short lifetime that currently limits their applications. In this article, we focus on various transient species that are potentially involved in the initiation step of the photo‐oxidation of poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(3′,7′‐dimethyloctyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MDMO‐PPV). The role of the transient species was investigated by a combination of quenching and sensitization experiments. Complementary information was obtained by transient absorption spectroscopy. Results evidenced the fact that 1O2 was not the principal reactive intermediate involved in the photo‐oxidation of MDMO‐PPV. This result was in contradiction with previous reports. It was shown that the MDMO‐PPV•+ radical cation was generated after excitation. The presence of oxygen and the photo‐aging favored the formation of the radical cation, suggesting that oxygen and photoproducts act as electron acceptors. The charged radicals formed are likely to evolve and give radicals that initiate the oxidation of the polymer by abstraction of the labile hydrogen in α position of the ether function and by addition on the double bonds. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6044–6052, 2009
Synthesis and properties of through‐space conjugated polymers based on cyano‐substituted poly(p‐arylenevinylene)s
Authors: Morisaki Yasuhiro , Lin Lin , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNew through‐space cyano‐substituted poly(p‐arylenevinylene)s containing a [2.2]paracyclophane unit were synthesized by the Knoevenagel reaction. Polymers 5 and 7 have cyano groups at α‐positions and β‐positions from the dialkoxyphenylene unit, respectively. Their optical and electrochemical behaviors were investigated in detail in comparison with their model compounds. Polymers 5 and 7 exhibited through‐space conjugation via the cyclophane units. Polymer 5 showed greenish blue emission (λmax = 477 nm) in diluted solution with fluorescence quantum efficiency (ϕF) of only 0.007, whereas polymer 7 emitted in the bluish green region (λmax = 510 nm) with ϕF of 0.32. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5979–5988, 2009
Patterned immobilization of biomolecules by using ion irradiation‐induced graft polymerization
Authors: Choi Jae‐Hak , Ganesan Ramakrishnan , Kim Dong‐Ki , Jung Chan‐Hee , Hwang In‐Tae , Nho Young‐Chang , Yun Je‐Moon , Kim Jin‐Baek 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA new method for biomolecular patterning based on ion irradiation‐induced graft polymerization was demonstrated in this study. Ion irradiation on a polymer surface resulted in the formation of active species, which was further used for surface‐initiated graft polymerization of acrylic acid. The results of the grafting study revealed that the surface graft polymerization using 20 vol % of acrylic acid on the poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) film irradiated at the fluence of 1 × 1015 ions/cm2 for 12 h was the optimum graft polymerization condition to achieve the maximum grafting degree. The results of the fluorescence microscopy also revealed that the optimum fluence to achieve the maximum fluorescence intensity was 1 × 1015 ions/cm2. The grafting of acrylic acid on the PTFE surfaces was confirmed by a fluorescence labeling method. The grafted PTFE films were used for the immobilization of amine‐functionalized p‐DNA, followed by hybridization with fluorescently tagged c‐DNA. Biotin‐amine was also immobilized on the acrylic acid grafted PTFE surfaces. Successful biotin‐specific binding of streptavidin further confirmed the potential of this strategy for patterning of various biomolecules. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6124–6134, 2009
Grafting of aldehyde structures to single‐walled carbon nanotubes for application in phenolic resin‐based composites
Authors: Yan Yehai , Zhao Shuai , Cui Jian , Yang Shaobei 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGrafting of aldehyde structures to single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has been carried out to endow the nanotubes with appropriate wettability. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolin‐visible‐near infrared (UV‐VIS‐NIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy provide the supporting evidence of aldehyde structures covalently attached to SWNTs. The improved wettability of aldehyde‐functionalized SWNTs (f‐SWNTs) was demonstrated by their good dispersion in organic medium, namely, ethanol and phenolic resin. The prospective covalent bonding between aldehyde structures on the surfaces of f‐SWNTs and phenolic resin makes it possible to prepare an integrated composite with the enhanced‐interfacial adhesion. The f‐SWNT composites, therefore, show much higher average values of dσ/dWCNT and dE/dWCNT (i.e., tensile strength and Young's modulus per unit weight fraction) compared with the composites filled with pristine SWNTs or MWNTs. The respective maxima are 9680 MPa and 320 GPa. It is thus feasible for f‐SWNTs to prepare the moderately enhanced but lightweight phenolic composites. Furthermore, the incorporation of f‐SWNTs does not limit the application of phenolic resin as insulation material. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6135–6144, 2009
Proteomic analysis in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with atypical nonketotic hyperglycinemia and pulmonary hypertension – A pilot study
Authors: Rodríguez Carlos E. , Arranz José A. , Colomé Nuria , Bech‐Serra Joan J. , Canals Francesc , Del Toro Mireia , Riudor Encarnació 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA variant phenotype of nonketotic hyperglycinemia has been described by our group associated with pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study is to investigate the cerebrospinal fluid proteomes to get an insight into this neurodegenerative process producing leukoencephalopathy with white matter spongiform degeneration. DIGE and MALDI‐TOF‐TOF analyses were performed to carry out the proteomic study of four patients against three normal controls and one additional control of a classical nonketotic hyperglycinemia. The differential proteomic analysis showed a displacement of some series of spots toward the acidic side. The shifted proteins showed a high degree of carbonylation and increased methionine sulfoxidation was found in cystatin C and in vitamin‐D‐binding protein. These findings in addition to the increase of serum malondialdehyde concentration provide evidence of an oxidative stress in the patients under study, which is probably systemic rather than mainly confined to the CNS. The similarities of our findings with those found in other neurodegenerative diseases suggest that oxidative damage is commonly involved in these pathologies. DIGE technology improves the 2‐D PAGE differential analysis and it is suitable in proteomic studies with a small number of cases.
Silver: a novel growth catalyst for Ge nanoislands on Si(113)
Authors: Speckmann M. , Schmidt Th. , Locatelli A. , Menteş T. O. , Niño M. Á. , Falta J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe impact of silver pre‐adsorption on germanium growth on Si(113) was investigated using in‐situ low‐energy electron microscopy (LEEM) as well as low‐energy electron diffraction (LEED). The adsorption of silver leads to the formation of a regular pattern of nanofacets along the [1$ \bar 1 $0] direction. The periodicity of this pattern in [33$ \bar 2 $] direction was determined to (44 ± 4) nm. From LEED series at different energies the facets were identified to be of (111) and (115) orientation. While the (111) facets show a (√3 × √3)‐R30° reconstruction, the (115) facets exhibit a (2 × n) superstructure. The subsequent growth of Ge results in the formation of nanoislands that are aligned along the facets. These Ge islands have an anisotropic shape with typical sizes of about 100 nm in [33$ \bar 2 $] direction and 400 nm in [1$ \bar 1 $0] direction. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antiobesity effect of baicalin involves the modulations of proadipogenic and antiadipogenic regulators of the adipogenesis pathway
Authors: Lee Haeyong , Kang Ryunhwa , Hahn Yoonsoo , Yang Young , Kim Sung Su , Cho Soo Hyun , Chung Sang‐In , Yoon Yoosik 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this study, the antiobesity effects of baicalin, 5,6‐dihydroxyflavone‐7‐glucuronic acid, were characterized using an in vitro system of adipogenesis, i.e. fat cell formation. Baicalin‐treatment of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes was shown to inhibit triglyceride accumulation and lipid droplet formation during induced adipogenesis. Microarray analyses showed that baicalin modulated the expression of genes located in pathways such as adipogenesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, focal adhesion and others. In the adipogenesis pathway, treatment with baicalin significantly down‐regulated terminal differentiation markers of adipocytes including fatty acid binding protein 4. The effects of baicalin on the core part of the adipogenesis pathway, however, were paradoxical; the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)β and C/EBPδ were up‐regulated, while the expression levels of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)γ and C/EBPα were down‐regulated. The antiadipogenic mechanisms of baicalin can be explained by its effects on the upstream part of adipogenesis pathway; baicalin not only up‐regulates the antiadipogenic regulators, C/EBPγ, C/EBP homologous protein and Kruppel‐like factor (KLF)2, but also down‐regulates the proadipogenic regulator, KLF15. The overall effects of baicalin on these upstream regulators of adipogenesis were antiadipogenic, resulting in the down‐regulation of downstream genes and the inhibition of cellular fat accumulation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of acacia honey on wound healing in various rat models
Authors: Iftikhar F. , Arshad M. , Rasheed F. , Amraiz D. , Anwar P. , Gulfraz M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHoney is a traditional remedy for the treatment of infected wounds, and is becoming more important as microbial resistance to conventional therapeutic agents increases. A study was conducted to assess the wound‐healing activity of Acacia honey using incision, excision, burn and dead‐space wound models in rats. Different formulations of honey were used and rats were treated topically as well as orally. Both the higher and lower doses of honey produced a significant effect on healing (p < 0.05). The area of epithelization was found to increase, followed by an increase in wound contraction, skin‐breaking strength, tissue granulation. The hydroxyproline content also increased in the rats treated with higher doses of honey compared to control, indicating an increase in collagen formation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of Selective TACE Inhibitors: Ligand and Structure Based Molecular Modeling, Virtual Screening, Counter Pharmacophore Screening to Get Selective Molecules
Authors: Bahia Malkeet Singh , Silakari Om 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis study describes the ligand based as well as structure based molecular modeling and virtual screening of selective tumor necrosis factor‐α converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitors. In ligand based molecular modeling, two statistically reliable pharmacophore models HypoA1 and HypoB1 were generated using a same training set of 22 molecules. HypoA1 consists of two hydrogen bond acceptor and three hydrophobic groups whereas HypoB1 consists of one hydrogen bond donor, one ring aromatic and three hydrophobic groups. Virtual screening was performed with both models in in‐house database of 1.2 million molecules. To remove non selective hits from screened molecules, a counter pharmacophore was generated using inhibitors of MMP‐1, an important enzyme involved in musculoskeletal degradation. In structure based molecular modeling, docking analysis was performed to explore the important interactions between ligands and protein. On comparison, HypoA1 and HypoB1 were found to be complementing with results of docking analysis suggesting high reliability of both models for their use in virtual screening/designing of new molecules.
Interactions of Indole Derivatives with Immobilized 3,5‐Dinitrobenzoyl‐Phenylglycine
Authors: Šoškić Milan , Magnus Volker 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRelative binding constants for 50 ring‐substituted indolic compounds, most of them with auxin activity, to immobilized 3,5‐dinitrobenzoyl‐phenylglycine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. To learn more about the recognition mechanism, QSPR (quantitative structure‐property relationship) analysis was performed. A five‐parameter model, based on physico‐chemical and structural properties, was obtained which accounted for more than 97% of the variations in the relative binding constants. The robustness of the model was confirmed by internal (q2LOO=0.963) and external (q2EXT=0.900) validation. The model suggests that the binding constants of indole derivatives are mainly governed by the electronic and steric properties of the substituents at the indole nucleus. Electron‐donating substituents increased affinity, while electron‐withdrawing substituents decreased it. Substituents which can form hydrogen‐bonds with the acceptor phase further strengthened affinity, while the negative effect of bulky substituents could be ascribed to steric restrictions at the acceptor phase. The relative binding constants of the dihalogenated compounds studied were essentially determined by their substitution patterns.