bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, synthesis and neuroprotective biological evaluation of novel HDAC6 inhibitors incorporating benzothiadiazinyl systems as cap groups
Authors: Han Bo , Gu Xiu , Wang Mengfei , Wang Huihao , Sun Niubing , Yang Xuezhi , Zhang Qingwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHistone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), as the key regulatory enzyme, plays an important role in the development of the nervous system. More and more studies indicate that HDAC6 has become a promising therapeutic target for CNS diseases. Herein we designed and synthesized a series of novel HDAC6 inhibitors with benzothiadiazinyl systems as cap groups and evaluated their activity in vitro and in vivo. Among them, compound 3 exhibited superior selective inhibitory activity against HDAC6 (IC50 = 5.1 nM, about 30‐fold selectivity over HDAC1). The results of docking showed that compound 3 can interact well with the key amino acid residues of HDAC6. Compound 3 showed lower cytotoxicity (20 μM to SH‐SY5Y cells, inhibition rate = 25.75%) and better neuroprotective activity against L‐glutamate‐induced SH‐SY5Y cell injury model in vitro. Meanwhile, compound 3 exhibited weak cardiotoxicity (10 μM hERG inhibition rate = 17.35%) and possess good druggability properties. Especially, compound 3 could significantly reduce cerebral infarction from 49.87% to 32.18%, and similar with butylphthalide in MCAO model, indicating potential clinical application prospects for alleviating ischemic stroke‐induced brain infarction.
Empathy across three generations: From maternal and peer support in adolescence to adult parenting and child outcomes
Authors: Stern Jessica A. , Bailey Natasha A. , Costello Meghan A. , Hellwig Amanda F. , Mitchell Jennifer , Allen Joseph P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examined the development of empathic care across three generations in a sample of 184 adolescents in the United States (99 female, 85 male; 58% White, 29% African American, 8% mixed race/ethnicity, 5% other groups), followed from their family of origin at age 13 into their parenting years (through their mid‐30s). Mothers' empathic support toward adolescents at age 13 predicted teens' empathy for close friends across adolescence (13–19 years). Participants' empathic support for friends in late adolescence predicted more supportive parenting behavior in adulthood, which in turn was associated with their children's empathy at age 3–8 years. Results suggest that individuals “pay forward” the empathic care they receive from parents, and that skills developed in adolescent friendships may inform later parenting.
Corporate disclosures need a biodiversity outcome focus and regulatory backing to deliver global conservation goals
Authors: Mair Louise , Elnahass Marwa , Xiang Erwei , Hawkins Frank , Siikamaki Juha , Hillis Laura , Barrie Stephen , McGowan Philip J. K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo achieve the goals of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF), agreed by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, there is an urgent need to address the economic drivers of biodiversity loss. The KMGBF includes a target to encourage businesses and financial institutions to disclose their impacts and dependences on biodiversity. While transparent biodiversity disclosures could help shift business operations away from activities that harm biodiversity, the weak target wording implies voluntary and unstandardized disclosures, which tend to be low quality and ineffective. Moreover, examination of scientific and practical insights strongly indicates that the evolving strategy of disclosures led by businesses may prioritize short‐term business and investment interests while neglecting biodiversity outcomes and the wider systemic risks they pose. We argue that there is a risk of limited if not altogether perverse outcomes from the target, where businesses provide ambiguous disclosures that fail to reduce impacts on biodiversity, yet an increase in volume and frequency of disclosures suggests progress toward the target. Consequently, we advocate for a regulatory approach, supported by scientific engagement in the development of disclosure standards and associated policy indicators, to ensure that the emerging response to the KMGBF target on disclosures avoids perverse outcomes and instead results in positive impacts on biodiversity.
Micro‐elimination of chronic hepatitis C virus in mental health settings: A prospective multicentre pragmatic trial
Authors: Gofton Cameron , Bondezi Kindness , Kotze Beth , McKee Kristen , Yesudoss Antoni , McCaughan Geoff , George Jacob 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionHepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence is high in the mental health population. We sought to evaluate testing and treatment uptake for HCV following the implementation of a universal nurse led study in inpatient and outpatient mental health populations.MethodsFrom January 2018 to December 2020, we screened mental health inpatients (n = 322) and community mental health patients (n = 615) for HCV with either specialist hepatology nurses or mental health nurses (mental health nurse).Results75.5% (464/615) of community patients and 100% (322/322) of inpatients consented to screening, with an HCV antibody‐positive prevalence of 12.7% (59/464) in community patients and 19.6% (63/322) in inpatients. RNA detectable prevalence was 4.0% (22/464) and 7.5% (24/322), respectively. Community patients who were screened by specialist hepatology nurses were more likely to consent to screening (94.4% vs. 45.7%, p < 0.001) but had lower proportion of HCV antibody (10.5% vs. 20.3%, p < 0.001) and RNA detectable (4.0% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.018) when compared to mental health nurse screening. Engagement with treatment was 27.0% of community mental health patients and 45.8% of mental health inpatients undergoing treatment. All patients undergoing treatment and underwent sustained viral response (SVR) testing achieved SVR.Discussion and ConclusionsUniversal screening of HCV using a nurse‐led model has high rates of success in mental health patients with high proportions undergoing screening, with no reduction in the rates of SVR achieved with DAA therapy compared to the general population. Further work is needed to bridge the gap between identification of HCV and treatment among mental health patients.
(Re)envisioning inclusive futures: Applying narrative foresight to deconstruct the problem of urban flooding in the slums of Bengaluru, India
Authors: Nadimpalli SriPallavi , Mathew Sahil , Cheranda Tashina Madappa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMotivationRecurring urban flooding in Bengaluru, India, has brought multiple intersecting development challenges to the forefront. While climate change is a catalyst for flooding, rapid urbanisation has aggravated the problem by neglecting its ecological history. Repeated floods have particularly affected migrants living in the slums, further worsening their already vulnerable conditions. Currently, only about 40% of slums are formally recognized by city authorities, leaving most slum dwellers with limited access to public benefits and basic infrastructure. Although the city offers piecemeal solutions, it currently lacks foresight for long‐term planning that includes marginalized voices.PurposeWe explore the multiple and intertwined development challenges faced by Bengaluru city, attempting to frame them from the perspective of migrant slum dwellers experiencing flooding. We try to bring to the forefront the everyday risks and vulnerabilities of the marginalized populations in Indian cities, which have received limited attention both in research and policy.The results of this exercise are intended to create sustainable collaborative processes to inform future decisions, particularly addressing the problem of urban flooding.Methods and approachOur proposed methodology integrates climate risk assessment—urban flood modelling and exposure mapping of slums across the city—with vulnerability assessments at the household level including analysis of life histories to capture the relative vulnerabilities of slum dwellers and the slums in which they live.FindingsWe deconstruct urban flooding, particularly from the perspective of migrant slum dwellers to identify some critical challenges, especially that of recognition, to foresight thinking. By incorporating marginalized voices, our methods aim to be inclusive and contextually relevant, while considering intersectional variations among those marginalized.A mixed‐methods approach allows climate risk assessment to be augmented by life histories of vulnerable slum populations to collaboratively reimagine a more inclusive future.Policy implicationsTo make policy more inclusive, more participatory processes are needed. The proposed methods will contextualize everyday vulnerabilities and risks of migrant slum dwellers to bring these perspectives into conventional climate risk assessment. Thus, a more inclusive future with lower impacts from urban floods can be envisaged.
Global prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age, 2000–2019
Authors: DeLoughery Emma P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA common disease with significant impacts on health and quality of life, anemia is particularly prevalent in women of reproductive age due to blood losses during menstruation and pregnancy. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) was analyzed to compare trends in prevalence of anemia in women aged 15‐49 among countries and over time with the goal of identifying regions both successful and in need of assistance in combatting anemia.Worldwide from 2000 to 2013 the prevalence of anemia among women aged 15‐49 decreased, and then increased from 2013 to 2019; severe anemia decreased throughout the world from 2000 to 2019. Throughout all years, African countries had the highest prevalence of anemia and severe anemia while American and European countries had the lowest. With each decrease in human development index (HDI) category (very high to high, etc.) there was a significant increase in prevalence of total anemia (P < 0.001 for all).This data suggests that although the prevalence of anemia among reproductive age women has decreased over time there is still much work remaining, particularly in low HDI countries. More effort is needed in preventing, recognizing and treating anemia.
The use of parent‐completed questionnaires to investigate developmental outcomes in large populations of children exposed to antiseizure medications in pregnancy
Authors: Bluett‐Duncan Matthew , Bullen Philip , Campbell Ellen , Clayton‐Smith Jill , Craig John , García‐Fiñana Marta , Hughes David M. , Ingham Amy , Irwin Beth , Jackson Cerian , Kelly Teresa , Morrow James , Rushton Sarah , Winterbottom Janine , Wood Amanda G. , Yates Laura M. , Bromley Rebecca L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to assess the utility of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire–3rd Edition (ASQ‐3) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales–2nd Edition (VABS‐II) as neurodevelopmental screening tools for infants exposed to antiseizure medications in utero, and to examine their suitability for use in large‐population signal generation initiatives.MethodsParticipants were women with epilepsy who were recruited from 21 hospitals in England and Northern Ireland during pregnancy between 2014 and 2016. Offspring were assessed at 24 months old using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development–3rd Edition (BSID‐III), the VABS‐II, and the ASQ‐3 (n = 223). The sensitivity and specificity of the ASQ‐3 and VABS‐II to identify developmental delay at 24 months were examined, using the BSID‐III to define cases.ResultsThe ASQ‐3 identified 65 children (29.1%) as at risk of developmental delay at 24 months using standard referral criteria. Using a categorical approach and standard referral criteria to identify delay in the ASQ‐3 and BSID‐III at 24 months, the ASQ‐3 showed excellent sensitivity (90.9%) and moderate specificity (74.1%). Utilizing different cut‐points resulted in improved properties and may be preferred in certain contexts. The VABS‐II exhibited the strongest psychometric properties when borderline impairment (>1 SD below the mean) was compared to BSID‐III referral data (sensitivity = 100.0%, specificity = 96.6%).SignificanceBoth the ASQ‐3 and VABS‐II have good psychometric properties in a sample of children exposed to antiseizure medications when the purpose is the identification of at‐risk groups. These findings identify the ASQ‐3 as a measure that could be used effectively as part of a tiered surveillance system for teratogenic exposure by identifying a subset of individuals for more detailed investigations. Although the VABS‐II has excellent psychometric properties, it is more labor‐intensive for both the research team and participants and is available in fewer languages than the ASQ‐3.
Fatigue life assessment of carbon nanotubes reinforced Al‐Cu‐Mg composite foams via statistics analysis and computer vision
Authors: Wang Siran , Yin Zhangcheng , Rong Xudong , Song Haipeng , Yang Xudong , Zhao Naiqin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe unsatisfactory fatigue performance of Al foams significantly limits their engineering applications. Meanwhile, the unique pore structure of metal foams makes it still challenging to assess its fatigue. Herein, we report an innovative strategy for preparing carbon nanotubes reinforced Al‐Cu‐Mg (CNTs/Al‐Cu‐Mg) composite foams, which exhibit superior compressive strength (16.17 MPa) and fatigue strength (11.17 MPa). Statistics analysis confirms that the fatigue life (Nf) follows Weibull distribution, and P‐S‐N curves were obtained to calculate the theoretical stress level required to achieve the expected Nf. Moreover, computer vision is utilized to monitor the fatigue deformation process and effectively detect fatigue crack initiation sites. Notably, the accuracy of predicted Nf obtained by this method is exceptionally high (98.32%). This work provides a theoretical and practical basis for designing metal foams with superior fatigue properties and offers a promising bottom‐up tactic for predicting the Nf of metal foams to prevent fatigue failure.
Prevention and resolution of headaches occurring during hemodialysis treatment by supplemental oxygen
Authors: Gianneschi Garrett B. , Michaud Jennine M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA patient with end‐stage renal disease experienced severe headaches exclusively during dialysis that were bilateral and throbbing with photophobia, weakness, and lightheadedness. The patient had no history of headaches, and dialysis was determined to be the cause of the severe headaches. More than 10 treatments were attempted without success. Headaches were successfully treated and prevented by addition of 100% oxygen (2 L via nasal cannula) for over 12 months without recurrence at time of publication. This case study indicates that oxygen therapy may be a valuable intervention for headaches during dialysis.
Voluntary counselling and testing points (VCTs) in Poland as a complementary and accessible alternative to public healthcare facilities: A comparative analysis of epidemiological data from the VCTs and the National Institute of Public Health NIH–National Research Institute (2015–2022)
Authors: Szczepański Adrian , Klesiewicz Karolina , Ankiersztejn‐Bartczak Magdalena , Drożdż Kamil , Szetela Bartosz , Olechowska‐Jarząb Aldona , Brzychczy‐Włoch Monika 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveVoluntary counselling and testing points (VCTs) offer anonymous and free HIV tests in Poland. They also play an essential role in educational initiatives focused on the prevention and diagnosis of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. However, no comprehensive data is available that summarizes the results of the work carried out by these VCTs. Therefore, our aim was to conduct a comparative analysis of epidemiological data obtained from VCTs and data reported by the epidemiological surveillance undertaken by the National Institute of Public Health NIH–National Research Institute (NIPH NIH–NRI) covering the period from 2015 to 2022.MethodsThis retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 258 071 people attending VCTs in Poland in 2015–2022.ResultsOn average, 32 259 individuals underwent testing each year, with a notable increase in the number of people being tested in November. The average positivity rate was 1.39% (3576/258 071). The Masovian voivodeship conducted the most tests and had the highest number of positive results. The comparative analysis of the frequency of detecting positive results in VCTs and those reported in NIPH NIH–NRI data revealed that, on average, 31.49% (3576/11 356) of positive results in Poland between 2015 and 2022 were identified through tests conducted at VCTs.ConclusionThe positive results identified in VCTs constituted approximately one‐third of all results reported by the National Institute of Public Health NIH–National Research Institute, highlighting the importance of VCTs. Moreover, the high availability of testing in the Masovian voivodeship resulted in better detection of HIV. The educational actions performed during European Testing Week increased the number of tests performed in November.
Preparation of anion‐uptake powder compact containing layered double oxide and metakaolinite
Authors: Machida Shingo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA powder compact with anion‐uptake ability was prepared prior to the proceeding of the solid‐state reaction involving layered double hydroxide (LDH) and kaolinite during calcination. LDH features anion‐exchangeable capability, and kaolinite is used as a raw potty material because of the sintering property. In the present study, the solid‐state reaction of LDH with kaolinite did not proceed at 750°C, resulting in the formation of a mixture of layered double oxide (LDO) and metakaolinite. Unlike LDO, which typically undergoes anion‐uptake accompanied by LDH reconstruction, metakaolinite does not revert to kaolinite without the use of hydrothermal conditions. In addition, the powder compact composed of LDO crumbled, whereas the one containing a mixture of LDO and metakaolinite remained intact. When the powder compact of LDO and metakaolinite mixture was immersed in a methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution, an LDH–MO intercalation compound was generated within the compact. By contrast, no such compound was generated when LDO powder was immersed in an MO aqueous solution. These results indicated that the successful preparation of a powder compact with distinct anion‐uptake ability was different from powder, owing to that the solid‐state reaction of LDO with metakaolinite did not proceed at 750°C.
An in situ 3D core–sheath interlayer utilized for reinforcing a WC–Co/3Cr13 brazed joint
Authors: Wang Zeyu , Li Guokun , Yang Mengying , Li Manni , Feng Xinxin , Lei Yucheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLarge residual stress induced by significant difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion compromises the mechanical performance of a brazed joint between the WC–Co cemented carbide (YG20) and 3Cr13 stainless steel in a cutting tool of shield machine. In this study, a melamine formaldehyde foam precursor was utilized to produce a 3D hollow carbon foam (HCF) used as interlayer through a high‐temperature carbonization process to aid in the brazing process of YG20 and 3Cr13. First, the morphology and microstructure of the HCF interlayer were revealed as a defect‐rich carbon shell with a hollow structure. Afterward, the effects of introducing the as‐prepared HCF interlayer on the joint microstructure and shear performance were investigated. Results indicate that the HCF interlayer contributed to phase homogenization and, moreover, the residual stress relieving through in situ forming a core (metallic matrix)–sheath (ceramic shell) structure. This method outperformed the direct brazing approach without using an interlayer, with a 41% increase in the joint shear strength due to the synergistic strengthening mechanism of the HCF through residual stress reliving and joint seam toughening. Based on the results, in spite of the residual stress, the fast load transfer and the compensation from the matrix core to the ceramic sheath are responsible for the improved mechanical performance of the joint.
Exploring fracture anisotropy in tantalum carbide compounds: A density functional theory approach
Authors: Hossain Sajjad , Thompson Gregory B. , Weinberger Christopher R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the cleavage fracture anisotropy in tantalum carbides, namely, TaC, α‐Ta2C, and ζ‐Ta4C3 − x, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our investigation identifies the presence of multiple low‐energy cleavage planes indicating multiple potential pathways for crack propagation in these ceramics, even the low symmetry compounds. The anisotropy characteristics of cleavage fractures exhibited by α‐Ta2C and ζ‐Ta4C3 − x closely align with the intrinsic fracture anisotropy observed in TaC. Notably, there exist at least three pyramidal planes in ζ‐Ta4C3 − x whose cleavage energies are less than those of the carbon‐depleted basal planes, previously reported to have the lowest cleavage energy. The observed preference in experiments for cleavage along carbon‐depleted basal planes, exclusive of other identified low‐energy planes, points to factors beyond cleavage energy influencing cleavage plane preference.
Artificial intelligence and learning environment: Human considerations
Authors: Jafari Esmaeil 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) has created new opportunities, challenges, and potentials in teaching; however, issues related to the philosophy of using AI technology in learners' learning have not been addressed and have caused some issues and concerns. This issue is due to the research gap in addressing issues related to ethical and human needs, and even values in AI in learning have become more obvious.ObjectivesThis study investigates how human‐centered artificial intelligence (HAI) can help learners in a learning environment. In this regard, this article by developing key considerations of HAI in helping students tries to help implement or shift it in the future in learning environments.MethodsTo better understand the key considerations of HAI, qualitative methods and interview techniques were applied in this study. In this regard, 18 samples were interviewed from two groups of experts and faculty members in the fields of technology and computer science and social and humanities sciences. The thematic content analysis method was used to analyse qualitative data.Results and ConclusionsThe results show that AI attempts to integrate ethical and human values in the process of design, development, and research in the fields of recognising and dealing with negative emotions, targeted emotional nature, and access to fairness and justice. It also shows significant promise in understanding feelings and emotions in a learning environment.ImplicationsAlthough AI has been studied in other contexts, HAI has not attracted much attention from researchers. Hence, this study has made worthwhile contributions to the literature as it has specifically focused on HAI in education. In addition, it can resolve some scientific community considerations regarding technological concerns in the field of AI. Furthermore, this article can increase social satisfaction with the use of AI by considering ethical considerations in the learning environment and can particularly benefit researchers, educators, and AI specialists who are involved in the study of HAI applications.