bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periorbital dermatitis: Causes, differential diagnoses and therapy
Authors: Feser Alexandra , Mahler Vera 
Published: September 2009

SummaryPeriorbital dermatitis is common and frequently difficult to treat. Patients with periorbital dermatitis often suffer severely because their disease is in such a visible location. Because of the variety of clinical appearance, the differential diagnostic considerations are often difficult. We examined the causes of periorbital dermatitis and compared the data of 88 patients from the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen to those of the German IVDK (Information Network of the Departments of Dermatology). Between 1999 and 2004, predominant causes of periorbital dermatitis were allergic contact dermatitis (Erlangen 44 %, IVDK 32 %), atopic eczema (Erlangen 25 %, IVDK 14 %), airborne contact dermatitis (Erlangen 10 %, IVDK 2 %) and irritant contact dermatitis (Erlangen 9 %, IVDK 8 %). Less frequent causes for secondary eczematous periocular skin lesions were periorbital rosacea, allergic conjunctivitis or psoriasis vulgaris. Female gender, atopic skin diathesis and age of 40 years and older were identified as risk factors for periocular dermatitis. Common elicitors of periorbital allergic contact dermatitis were leave‐on cosmetic products (face cream, eye shadow) and eye drops with the usual allergens being fragrances, preservatives and drugs. Exact identification of relevant contact allergens and allergen elimination are essential for successful treatment. Calcineurin inhibitors are the first‐line therapy for facial atopic eczema. They may be also effective in periocular eczematous lesions of other origins although they are not approved for such use.
Ginsenoside Rg1 Improves Male Copulatory Behavior Via Nitric Oxide/Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Pathway
Authors: Wang Xiaoying , Chu Shifeng , Qian Tianxiu , Chen Ji , Zhang Juntian 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Ginsenoside Rg1 is the purified ingredient from ginseng, there has been little research on the effect of Rg1 on male copulatory behavior and its mechanism of action.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on copulatory behavior of male mice and the mechanism of its action.

Methods
Male mice were treated with Rg1 intraperitoneally; three elements of copulatory behavior (mounting, intromission, pelvic thrusting) were assessed. After final treatment and behavior determination, nitric oxide (NO) concentration were determined by spectrophotometry method. Plasma testosterone, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in corpus cavernosum both in vivo and in vitro were measured by radioimmunoassay. Rabbit corpus cavernosum segments were incubated with Rg1 (0.05, 0.5 and 5 µM) in the presence of exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (10 µM), and the cGMP level was measured. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Rg1 for phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors was determined by measuring the conversion of cGMP to 5′-mononucleotides. Sildenafil was set as a positive control.

Main Come Out Measures
Mounting and intromission frequency, pelvic thrusts, serum testosterone, NO level, cGMP accumulation, IC50 for PDE5.

Results
Rg1 (10 mg/kg) significantly increased mounting and pelvic thrusting frequency and numbers of intromission of male mice from d16 to d20. Rg1 increased serum testosterone concentration, enhanced NO release, and cGMP accumulation in corpus cavernosum both in vivo and in vitro. The IC50 of sildenafil and Rg1 for PDE5 were 4.24 ± 0.78 and 12.47 ± 2.31 nmol/L.

Conclusions
Ginsenoside Rg1 improved copulatory behavior of male mice and this may attribute to its actions at both testosterone level and signal transduction pathway in corpus cavernosum. NO/cGMP pathway appeared to play a key role in mediating the effect of Rg1 on male sexual function. These experimental data provide evidence that Rg1 could be a promising new drug for erectile dysfunction and low libido.
Are Sadomasochism and Hypersexuality in Autism Linked to Amygdalohippocampal Lesion?
Authors: Müller Jürgen L. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Pathologies of the amygdala and the hippocampus have been argued to be critically involved in autism as well as in sadomasochism. In line with Kluver and Bucy syndrome, clinical observations, animal models and a few case reports emphasize that temporal brain changes are important for the etiopathogenesis of sexual deviant behaviour. In particular, the amygdalohippocampal region has been linked to hypersexuality, transvestitism and fetishism. While cases and studies are rare, the impact of amygdalohippocampal changes in criminal behaviour remains unclear so far.

Aim
To demonstrate the impact of subcortical neurobiological changes in the etiopathogenesis of autism and sadomasochism.

Methods
We report on a forensic psychiatric inpatient due to murderer with autism and sadomasochism who had amgdalohippocampal abnormalities bilaterally. Studies on the neurobiological underpinnings of autism and of sadomasochism are reviewed in particular regarding amygdalohippocampal region.

Results
In this patient, MRI scan showed hypointensities in amygdala-hippocampal complex bilaterally medial to both cornua inferiores corresponding to an amygdalo-hippocampal atrophy.

Conclusions
In line with the literature, this case report links autism and sadomasochism to amygdalohippocampal pathology emphasising its impact in the etiopathogenesis of both disorders. Further research is needed to elucidate the interaction of amygdalohippocampal changes, disturbed emotion precessing and sex offenses.
Factors Affecting Self-Reported Sexuality in Men with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Stannek Tobias , Hürny Christoph , Schoch Otto D. , Bucher Thomas , Münzer Thomas 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is known to induce erectile dysfunction and to reduce overall sexual satisfaction in affected men. Data on the effects of disease severity and other contributing factors such as the age of the patient are missing.

Aim
To compare self-reported sexuality in men with newly diagnosed sleep apnea with a group of disease-free men, and to evaluate the impact of disease severity and age on the response pattern.

Main Outcome Measures
Self-reported erectile function, desire, and frequencies for petting, tenderness, masturbation, sexual intercourse, and overall satisfaction with sexuality over a recall period of 3 months.

Methods
A prospective survey in men admitted to a multidisciplinary sleep center using a standardized validated German questionnaire.

Results
One hundred-sixteen men 51.1 ± 11.4 years (mean ± standard deviation) with OSAS (OSAS+) and 42 men age 46.6 ± 13.7 years without OSAS (OSAS−) completed the survey. OSAS+ men were older (P = 0.01) and more often divorced (P = 0.048). OSAS was significantly associated with erection problems (P = 0.024) and decreased overall sexual satisfaction (P = 0.04). In contrast disease severity did affect masturbation frequency only (P = 0.02), whereas patient age affected erection (P = 0.001), and the desire for tenderness (P = 0.02) and intercourse (P = 0.0003).

Conclusion
Patient age might be a more important factor affecting sexuality in men with sleep apnea than the disease severity. Future studies assessing sexuality in men with OSAS should include age as an additional variable.
Correlates of Sexuality in Men and Women Aged 52–90 Years Attending a University Medical Health Service in Colombia
Authors: Arias-Castillo Liliana , Ceballos-Osorio Janeth , Ochoa Jhon Jair , Reyes-Ortiz Carlos A. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Limited information is available regarding sexuality among Colombian adults aged 50 years and older.

Aim
To assess demographic or health characteristics associated with sexuality measures among middle- and older-aged men and women.

Methods
Cross-sectional face-to-face interviews were conducted with retired persons from a university ambulatory medical care setting. Data on sexuality were obtained along with data on their demographic, emotional intimacy, practice of religion, medical conditions, and functional health measures. There were 136 participants.

Main Outcome Measures
Appropriateness of sex, sexual desire, importance of sex, masturbation, and sexual intercourse.

Results
Fifty-seven percent of the participants were over 65 years of age, 52% were female, and 66% reported being married; 67% indicated sex is appropriate, 58% reported having sexual desire, 45% considered sex very important in their lives, 54% reported one or more instances of sexual intercourse, and 16% reported masturbating within the last year. In multivariate analyses, importance of sex and sexual intercourse decreased by age. Women had decreased odds ratios (0.20 to 0.33) for sexuality measures compared with men with the exception of appropriateness of sex. Married persons had increased odds ratios (3.06 to 9.45) for importance of sex, appropriateness of sex, and sexual intercourse compared with those of the same age who reported being unmarried. Other factors associated with some particular sexuality measures were emotional intimacy, religious practice, medical conditions, and functional health measures. There were significant mediation effects for appropriateness of sex on the relationship between sexual desire and sexual intercourse, and for importance of sex on the relationship between appropriateness of sex and sexual intercourse.

Conclusions
Men and married persons had higher rates of most sexuality measures compared with women or their unmarried counterparts. These differences were greater at older ages (≥65) for all sexuality measures except sexual intercourse.
Sexual Motivation in Women as a Function of Age
Authors: Meston Cindy M. , Hamilton Lisa Dawn , Harte Christopher B. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Women’s motivations to engage in sex are likely influenced by their past sexual experiences, the type of relationship in which they are involved in, and numerous lifestyle factors such as career and family demands. The influences of these factors undoubtedly change as women age.

Aim
This study aimed to examine potential differences in sexual motivation between three distinct age groups of premenopausal women.

Methods
Women aged 18–22 years (N = 137), 23–30 years (N = 103), and 31–45 years (N = 87) completed an online survey that assessed the proportion with which they had engaged in sexual intercourse for each of 140 distinct reasons.

Main Outcome Measures
The YSEX? Questionnaire by Meston and Buss [1] was used to measure sexual motivation. The items of this questionnaire were composed of four primary sexual motivation factors (physical, goal attainment, emotional, insecurity), and 13 subfactors.

Results
Women aged 31–45 years reported a higher proportion of engaging in sex compared with one or both of the younger age groups of women for nine of the 13 YSEX? subfactors: stress reduction, physical desirability, experience seeking, resources, social status, revenge, expression, self-esteem boost, and mate guarding. At an item level, the top 25 reasons for having sex were virtually identical across age groups.

Conclusion
Women aged 31–45 have more motives for engaging in sex than do women aged 18–30, but the primary reasons for engaging in sex do not differ within this age range. Women aged 18–45 have sex primarily for pleasure, and love and commitment. The implications for diagnosis and treatment of women with sexual dysfunctions were discussed.
Musculoskeletal Pain and Sexual Function in Women
Authors: Rosenbaum Talli Yehuda 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTIntroductionSexual pain disorders refer to conditions of genital pain that interfere with intercourse. They often have a musculoskeletal component related to the pelvic floor and are included in the DSM-IV as sexual dysfunctions. Musculoskeletal pain (MP) that is not essentially genitally based often interferes with sex as well yet is not considered a distinct sexual dysfunction. MP is generally addressed by physiatrists, orthopedists, and rheumatologists who are not traditionally trained in sexual medicine, and therefore, the sexual concerns of women with MP often go unaddressed.AimThe purposes of this review article were to describe how MP is perceived in the literature as affecting sexual function, illustrate how specific MP conditions prevalent in women may affect sexual function, and offer recommendations for clinical practice.MethodsPubMed and Medline searches were performed using the keywords “musculoskeletal pain and sex,”“lower back pain and sex,”“arthritis and sex,” and “fibromyalgia and sex”.Main Outcome MeasureReview of the peer-reviewed literature.ResultsMost studies cite fatigue, medication, and relationship adjustment as affecting sexuality much as chronic illness does. While musculoskeletal contributors to genital sexual response and pain are considered relevant to sexual function, little is understood about how MP syndromes specifically affect sexual activity.ConclusionLack of mobility and MP can restrict intercourse and limit sexual activity, and gender differences are noted in response to pain. Sexual and relationship counseling should be offered as a component of rehabilitative treatment. Physical therapists are uniquely qualified to provide treatment to address functional activities of daily living, including sexual intercourse, and offer advice for modifications in positioning.
Composition and Dynamics of Functional Groups of Trees During Tropical Forest Succession in Northeastern Costa Rica
Authors: Chazdon Robin L. , Finegan Bryan , Capers Robert S. , Salgado‐Negret Beatriz , Casanoves Fernando , Boukili Vanessa , Norden Natalia 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTWe compared the functional type composition of trees ≥10 cm dbh in eight secondary forest monitoring plots with logged and unlogged mature forest plots in lowland wet forests of Northeastern Costa Rica. Five plant functional types were delimited based on diameter growth rates and canopy height of 293 tree species. Mature forests had significantly higher relative abundance of understory trees and slow‐growing canopy/emergent trees, but lower relative abundance of fast‐growing canopy/emergent trees than secondary forests. Fast‐growing subcanopy and canopy trees reached peak densities early in succession. Density of fast‐growing canopy/emergent trees increased during the first 20 yr of succession, whereas basal area continued to increase beyond 40 yr. We also assigned canopy tree species to one of three colonization groups, based on the presence of seedlings, saplings, and trees in four secondary forest plots. Among 93 species evaluated, 68 percent were classified as regenerating pioneers (both trees and regeneration present), whereas only 6 percent were classified as nonregenerating pioneers (trees only) and 26 percent as forest colonizers (regeneration only). Slow‐growing trees composed 72 percent of the seedling and sapling regeneration for forest colonizers, whereas fast‐growing trees composed 63 percent of the seedlings and saplings of regenerating pioneers. Tree stature and growth rates capture much of the functional variation that appears to drive successional dynamics. Results further suggest strong linkages between functional types defined based on adult height and growth rates of large trees and abundance of seedling and sapling regeneration during secondary succession.
The Importance of Defining ‘Forest’: Tropical Forest Degradation, Deforestation, Long‐term Phase Shifts, and Further Transitions
Authors: Putz Francis E. , Redford Kent H. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTWhile research continues on the causes, consequences, and rates of deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics, there is little agreement about what exactly is being lost, what we want back, and to whom the ‘we’ refers. Particularly unsettling is that many analyses and well‐intended actions are implemented in fogs of ambiguity surrounding definitions of the term ‘forest’—a problem that is not solely semantic; with development of markets for biomass carbon, vegetation classification exercises take on new relevance. For example, according to the basic implementation guidelines of the Kyoto Protocol, closed canopy natural forest could be replaced by monoclonal plantations of genetically engineered exotic tree species and no deforestation would have occurred. Following these same guidelines, carbon credits for afforestation could be available for planting trees in species‐rich savannas; these new plantations would count towards a country moving towards the ‘forest transition,’ the point at which there is no net ‘forest’ loss. Such obvious conflicts between biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration might be avoided if ‘forest’ was clearly defined and if other vegetation types and other ecosystem values were explicitly recognized. While acknowledging that no one approach to vegetation classification is likely to satisfy all users at all scales, we present an approach that recognizes the importance of species composition, reflects the utility of land‐cover characteristics that are identifiable via remote sensing, and acknowledges that many sorts of forest degradation do not reduce carbon stocks (e.g., defaunation) or canopy cover (e.g., over‐harvesting of understory nontimber forest products).
Tidal imprints of a dark subhalo on the outskirts of the Milky Way
Authors: Chakrabarti Sukanya , Blitz Leo 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
We present a new analysis of the observed perturbations of the H i disc of the Milky Way to infer the existence of a dark subhalo that tidally interacted with the Milky Way disc. We examine tidal interactions between perturbing dark subhaloes and the gas disc of the Milky Way using high-resolution Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations. We compare our results to the observed H i map of the Milky Way to find that the Fourier amplitudes of the planar disturbances are best fit by a perturbing dark subhalo with a mass that is one-hundredth of the Milky Way with a pericentric distance of 5 kpc. This best fit to the Fourier modes occurs about a dynamical time after pericentric approach, when the perturber is 90 kpc from the Galactic Centre. Our analysis here represents a new method to indirectly characterize dark subhaloes from the tidal gravitational imprints they leave on the gaseous discs of galaxies. We also elucidate a fundamental property of parabolic orbits. We show that under certain conditions, one can break the degeneracy between the mass of the perturber and the pericentric distance in the evaluation of the tidal force – to directly determine the mass of the dark perturber that produced the observed disturbances.
Citizenship Narratives in the Absence of Good Governance: Voices of the Working Poor in Bangladesh
Authors: Kabeer Naila , Kabir Ariful Haq 
Published: September 2009

SummaryThe complex nature of the challenge posed by state–society relations to the realisation of citizenship rights in the poorer countries of the world reflects the incapacity or unwillingness on the part of the state to guarantee basic security of life and livelihoods to its citizens and its proneness to capture by powerful elites that perpetuate this state of affairs. Consequently, access to resources continue to be defined by position within an unequal social order that is largely constituted by the ascribed relationships of family, kinship, caste and so on. These relationships pervade all spheres of society, rendering irrelevant the idea of an impersonal public sphere which individuals enter as bearers of rights, equal in the eyes of the law. Indeed, given their reliance on patron client relations for their basic survival and security, the idea of individual rights is unlikely to have much meaning or relevance in the lives of most poor people.This paper explores the hypothesis that the possibility of belonging to alternative associations whose membership is not ‘given’ by position in the social order holds out the greatest promise for democratising the social order. Bangladesh offers an interesting context in which to explore this hypothesis because while it embodies most the problems of bad governance outlined above, it also has a large number of civil society organisations, many of whom work primarily with the poorer sections of society. The research focused on the working poor who are most likely to belong to these associations. Analysis of their narratives about their lives and livelihood and their views about rights and social justice suggests, not surprisingly, that there is nothing inherently democratic about civil society organisations in Bangladesh, even those ostensibly oriented to the interests of poor people. What appeared to explain the extent to which organisations were able to achieve democratic outcomes appeared to depend, first of all, on the extent of their commitment to the promotion of citizenship rights among poor people and secondly, on the extent to which they were able to carry out their commitments without interference from the state. In the context of Bangladesh, the state appeared to be far more pro‐poor in rural than in urban areas.
Differential Effects of Mechanical and Biological Stimuli on Matrix Metalloproteinase Promoter Activation in the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Ruddy Jean Marie , Jones Jeffrey A. , Stroud Robert E. , Mukherjee Rupak , Spinale Francis G. , Ikonomidis John S. 
Published: September 2009

Background—The effect of multiple integrated stimuli on vascular wall expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) remains unknown. Accordingly, this study examined the influence of the vasoactive peptide angiotensin II (Ang II) on wall tension–induced promoter activation of MMP-2, MMP-9, and membrane type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP).Methods and Results—Thoracic aortic rings harvested from transgenic reporter mice containing the MMP-2, MMP-9, or MT1-MMP promoter sequence fused to a reporter gene were subjected to 3 hours of wall tension at 70, 85, or 100 mm Hg, with or without 100 nM Ang II. Total RNA was harvested from the aortic rings, and reporter gene transcripts were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to measure MMP promoter activity. MT1-MMP promoter activity was increased at both 85 and 100 mm Hg, compared with baseline tension of 70 mm Hg, whereas treatment with Ang II stimulated MT1-MMP promoter activity to the same degree at all tension levels (P<0.05). Elevated tension and Ang II displayed a potential synergistic enhancement of MMP-2 promoter activation at 85 and 100 mm Hg, whereas the same stimuli caused a decrease in MMP-9 promoter activity (P<0.05) at 100 mm Hg.Conclusions—This study demonstrated that exposure to a relevant biological stimulus (Ang II) in the presence of elevated tension modulated MMP promoter activation. Furthermore, these data suggest that a mechanical-molecular set point exists for the induction of MMP promoter activation and that this set point can be adjusted up or down by a secondary biological stimulus. Together, these results may have significant clinical implications toward the regulation of hypertensive vascular remodeling.