bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Energy and Community Resilience: A Multi-Dimensional Perspective
Authors: Vallecha Harshit , To Long Seng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores the mutually interdependent relationship between community energy and community resilience. The resilience of Community Energy Systems (CES) depends on both the physical aspects of energy provision and the socio-economic and political aspects of the constitution of communities. At the same time, sustainable energy projects managed by communities build autonomy, control over resources, and community cohesion thus making communities themselves more resilient. This chapter offers an analytical framework to analyse resilience in CES and to increase their resilience during their conceptualisation, installation, operation, and upgradation. Resilience is seen here as dependent on communities’ social, economic, physical, and human capital. The framework shows that while some aspects of CES resilience can be addressed in the design of the energy system, their success depends on appropriate mechanisms for community involvement and governance.
Where Is the Community in Community Energy?
Authors: Unnikrishnan Hita 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOne of the most enduring debates in relation to community energy is the significance of the term community. Community energy refers to the active role that people may play in managing and governing energy resources and technologies, but the community is not an homogeneous unit that can be easily identified and defined. Instead, this chapter argues for recognising the inherent diversity of the communities that participate in community energy and how that diversity enhances their potential, but also causes challenges. The chapter explores different theorisations of communities—communities of interest and communities of practice—as well as the different imaginaries associated with the notion of community. This analysis reinforces a dynamic perspective on ideas of community and their mobilisation within particular political contexts.
Financial Aspects of Community Energy Systems
Authors: Eales Aran 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter analyses the process of financing community energy, emphasising delivering sustainable projects that do not add additional burdens for communities. Community energy depends on developing micro- and pico-systems, which have specific financial requirements due to their small size. A key challenge is ensuring the financial sustainability of projects once installed and when the initial capital runs out. The chapter advocates putting the community at the centre of a structured financial planning process, negotiating cost reductions and revenue models, and diversifying the revenue stream by looking beyond conventional sources of finance. The analysis of a case study of financing two micro-grids in Malawi demonstrates the obstacles faced by financing projects. These small projects face enormous challenges that drive up costs, including difficulties in accessing supply chains for solar equipment, inflation and foreign exchange fluctuations, and limited technical capacity to maintain the system. A sustainable energy transition should help reduce these costs to facilitate the expansion of the micro-grid model. Until such expansion takes place, the sustainability of micro-grids will depend on public support and external grants to top up the income from consumer tariffs.
The Role of Community Energy and the Challenges in a State-Led Model of Service Provision in Ethiopia
Authors: Gebreslassie Mulualem G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCommunity energy can drive sustainable energy transitions in Africa and beyond. However, the implementation of community energy systems is lagging because of the lack of appropriate governance frameworks. This paper aims to explore the critical challenges related to the governance and development of community energy systems in the context of state-led energy service provisions in Ethiopia and to recommend interventions to facilitate their implementation. The paper presents a systematic review of official energy policies, proclamations, and regulations documents, national and international publications, and a consultation with local energy agencies. The findings indicate huge gaps in energy governance, including technical, financial, and operational challenges. Policymakers, the research community, and operators can take action to overcome these challenges. Strong commitment from all levels of government, international development organisations, and the private sector can make a difference in Ethiopia's community energy development. Dividing responsibilities for planning and implementing community energy is one critical step towards practical community interventions that can accelerate energy access, provide more reliable and affordable energy services, and meet the growing energy demand.
Hilfe beim Wohnortwechsel: Zukunftschance für Familien?
Authors: Greber Nicolas 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Wohnort einer Familie beeinflusst die Zukunftschancen ihrer Kinder. Der Umzug in ein Wohnviertel, wo die künftigen Einkommen der Kinder über jenen ihrer Eltern liegen, verbessert die soziale Mobilität und verringert Armut über Generationen hinweg. Warum ziehen einkommensschwache Familien trotzdem nur selten in solche Chancengebiete? Diese Studie zeigt, dass neben finanzieller Unterstützung bereits einfache Hilfeleistungen, z. B. bei der Wohnungssuche, den Wohnortwechsel in Chancengebiete deutlich erleichtern und so die Perspektiven von Kindern einkommensschwacher Familien langfristig verbessern.
Ansteckungsgefahr bei den Staatsschulden!
Authors: von Möllendorff Johannes 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungHeimische Banken halten oft einen beträchtlichen Anteil heimischer Staatsschulden, um ihre Ertragsquellen zu diversifizieren. Unternehmenskredite sind riskanter und werfen höhere Zinsen ab. Staatsanleihen rentieren weniger, sind aber umso sicherer. Wenn jedoch die öffentlichen Finanzen entgleisen und der Staat zum Risiko wird, stecken sich die Banken an. Wenn sie in der Krise auf ihre Staatsanleihen hohe Verluste erleiden, müssen sie von ihren Kunden höhere Zinsen verlangen und können weniger Kredite vergeben. Die Kreditklemme blockiert das Wachstum und verschärft die Krise. Es droht ein Teufelskreis zwischen überschuldeten Staaten und schwachen Banken.
Convexity restoration from hairy black hole in Einstein-Maxwell-charged scalar system in AdS
Authors: Ishii Takaaki , Nakayama Yu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the Einstein-Maxwell-charged scalar system with a negative cosmological constant in arbitrary dimensions higher than three, there exists a horizonless charged soliton solution, which we construct explicitly for an arbitrary mass of the scalar in perturbative series in small charge. We find that the stability of the soliton is determined by the validity of the AdS weak gravity conjecture. The existence of a stable soliton might endanger the convexity of the (free) energy as a function of the charge because the phase transition between the soliton and the extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole would be discontinuous. We, however, argue that the existence of the hairy black hole solution circumvents the violation of convexity. The thermodynamic properties of the hairy black hole show that the phase transition becomes continuous irrespective of whether the AdS weak gravity conjecture holds. When it holds, the phase transition occurs between the soliton and the hairy black hole, and when it is violated, the phase transition occurs between the extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole and the hairy black hole.
Relations between Stokes constants of unrefined and Nekrasov-Shatashvili topological strings
Authors: Gu Jie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate that the Stokes constants of unrefined free energies and the Stokes constants of Nekrasov-Shatashvili free energies of topological string on a non-compact Calabi-Yau threefold are identical, possibly up to a sign, for any Borel singularity which is not associated to a compact two-cycle that intersects only with non-compact four-cycles. Since the Stokes constants of Nekrasov-Shatashvili free energies are conjectured to coincide with those of quantum periods and therefore have the interpretation of BPS invariants, our results give strong support that the Stokes constants of unrefined free energies may also be identified with BPS invariants.
Existence of Solution for a Katugampola Fractional Differential Equation Using Coincidence Degree Theory
Authors: Srivastava Satyam Narayan , Pati Smita , Graef John R. , Domoshnitsky Alexander , Padhi Seshadev 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the authors study the existence of positive solutions to the fractional boundary value problem at resonance $$\begin{aligned} -(D^{\alpha ,\rho }_{a+}x)(t)= & {} f(t,x(t),D^{\alpha -1, \rho }_{a+}x(t)), \ \ t\in (a,b), \\ x(a)= & {} 0, \ \ x(b)=\int _{a}^{b} x(t){\text {d}}A(t), \end{aligned}$$

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denotes a Riemann–Stieltjes integral of x with respect to A, where A is a function of bounded variation. Coincidence degree theory is applied to obtain existence results. This appears to be the first work in the literature to deal with a resonant fractional differential equation with a Katugampola fractional derivative. Examples are given to illustrate the application of their results.
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training on Stress Urinary Incontinence in Power- and Weightlifters: a Pilot Study
Authors: Bø Kari , Lillegård Ragnhild Haug , Skaug Kristina Lindquist 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is defined as involuntary leakage of urine on physical effort and is prevalent among power- and weightlifters. However, there is scant knowledge on treatment options for this population. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the potential outcomes and feasibility of a pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) program on SUI in nulliparous female power- and weightlifters.

Methods
This was a case-series study, including one weightlifter and two powerlifters aged 21–32 years. The participants conducted 12 weeks of PFMT at home, with weekly follow-up by a physiotherapist. Change in total score of the International Consensus of Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcome was perceived change assessed by the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) Scale and impact on sport participation. PFM strength, endurance, and resting pressure was measured using vaginal manometry. Feasibility was evaluated as adherence to training and self-efficacy (Self Efficacy Scale for Practicing Pelvic Floor Exercises).

Results
One athlete reduced their ICIQ-UI-SF score and experienced improvement in symptoms. One athlete reported no change, and one reported a worsening of symptoms. All three participants improved PFM strength and endurance, completed the testing, and 12 weeks of PFMT, but adherence varied between 40 and 80%. Participants reported a lack of time and energy and forgetting to perform the exercises, as reasons for low adherence.

Conclusion
There were varying effects of a 12-week PFMT program on SUI in three strength athletes. The results can create the basis for a future randomized controlled trial.
From hazard to risk prioritization: a case study to predict drug-induced cholestasis using physiologically based kinetic modeling
Authors: de Bruijn Véronique M. P. , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCholestasis is characterized by hepatic accumulation of bile acids. Clinical manifestation of cholestasis only occurs in a small proportion of exposed individuals. The present study aims to develop a new approach methodology (NAM) to predict drug-induced cholestasis as a result of drug-induced hepatic bile acid efflux inhibition and the resulting bile acid accumulation. To this end, hepatic concentrations of a panel of drugs were predicted by a generic physiologically based kinetic (PBK) drug model. Their effects on hepatic bile acid efflux were incorporated in a PBK model for bile acids. The predicted bile acid accumulation was used as a measure for a drug’s cholestatic potency. The selected drugs were known to inhibit hepatic bile acid efflux in an assay with primary suspension-cultured hepatocytes and classified as common, rare, or no for cholestasis incidence. Common cholestasis drugs included were atorvastatin, chlorpromazine, cyclosporine, glimepiride, ketoconazole, and ritonavir. The cholestasis incidence of the drugs appeared not to be adequately predicted by their Ki for inhibition of hepatic bile acid efflux, but rather by the AUC of the PBK model predicted internal hepatic drug concentration at therapeutic dose level above this Ki. People with slower drug clearance, a larger bile acid pool, reduced bile salt export pump (BSEP) abundance, or given higher than therapeutic dose levels were predicted to be at higher risk to develop drug-induced cholestasis. The results provide a proof-of-principle of using a PBK-based NAM for cholestasis risk prioritization as a result of transporter inhibition and identification of individual risk factors.
Study on the mechanism of hirudin multi target delaying renal function decline in chronic kidney disease based on the “gut-kidney axis” theory
Authors: Long Chunli , Zhang Chenyun , Xie Yongxiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe disorder of the “gut-kidney axis” exacerbates renal function decline in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and current CKD therapy is insufficient to address this issue. Hirudin has a palliative effect on the decline of renal function. However, whether hirudin can delay CKD by regulating the “intestinal renal axis” disorder remains unclear. Unilateral ureteral ligation (UUO) induced CKD rat model, and the rats were treated with bifidobacterium and hirudin for 36 days. After 14 and 36 days of modeling, kidney and colon tissues were collected for pathology, western blot (WB) assay, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) detection. Serum samples were collected for renal function testing. Fecal samples were used for 16S rRNA sequencing and research on fecal bacterial transplantation. Lipopolysaccharide combine with adenosine 5’-triphosphate (LPS + ATP)-induced intestinal epithelial cell injury was treated with a nod-like receptor pyrin domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inhibitor and hirudin. Protein expression was detected using WB and qPCR. The kidneys and colons of the CKD rats exhibited varying degrees of lesions. Creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase (NAG) enzyme, and serum uremic toxins were elevated. The expression of claudin-1 and occludin was decreased, NLRP3 inflammatory-related proteins were increased, and the gut microbiota was disrupted. These pathological changes were more pronounced after 36 days of modeling. Meanwhile, high-dose hirudin treatment significantly improved these lesions and restored the intestinal flora to homeostasis in CKD rats. In vitro, hirudin demonstrated comparable effects to NLRP3 inhibitors by upregulating claudin-1 and occludin expression, and downregulating NLRP3 inflammatory-related proteins expression. The dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function in CKD are associated with renal dysfunction in CKD. Hirudin delays the progression of CKD by regulating the disorder of the “gut-kidney axis” and inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1 pathway.
Technological characteristics of whole wheat bread: effects of wheat varieties, sourdough treatments and sourdough levels
Authors: Seis Subaşı Asiye , Ercan Recai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSourdough bread has gained interest with the increasing demand of consumers for more natural, delicious and healthy foods. Also, consumption of whole grain flour is increasing due to the bioactive compounds it contains. This study aimed to investigate the effects of wheat variety (Tosunbey, Kenanbey, İkizce-96, Bezostaja-1), sourdough treatment [Spontaneous fermentation (SP), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP), Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis (LS)] and sourdough level (0–10–20–30%) on the technological characteristics of whole wheat bread. The investigated factors had significant effects on pH, total titratable acidity, specific volume, color and textural parameters. The increasing levels of sourdough decreased the specific volume of whole wheat bread and increased the crumb hardness. The whole wheat sourdough breads produced with LP and LS had lower specific volumes due to the acidity, but were more favorable in terms of smell compared to SP. The hardness and chewiness of the bread samples significantly increased with the three days of storage, while the cohesiveness and springiness decreased. Wheat varieties with higher protein content and Zeleny sedimentation value had better performance for whole wheat sourdough bread production. The study showed that sourdough with selected lactic starters (LP and LS) could be used at 10–20% levels in whole wheat bread formulations to have acceptable technological and sensory characteristics.
The lymphocyte/monocyte ratio predicts the efficacy of isatuximab plus pomalidomide in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Shimazu Yutaka , Kanda Junya , Onda Yoshiyuki , Fuchida Shin-ichi , Ohta Kensuke , Shimura Yuji , Kosugi Satoru , Yamamura Ryosuke , Matsuda Mitsuhiro , Hanamoto Hitoshi , Adachi Yoko , Anzai Naoyuki , Hotta Masaaki , Fukushima Kentaro , Yagi Hideo , Yoshihara Satoshi , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Takakuwa Teruhito , Tanaka Hirokazu , Shibayama Hirohiko , Uoshima Nobuhiko , Hosen Naoki , Ito Tomoki , Shimazaki Chihiro , Matsumura Itaru , Kuroda Junya , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi , Hino Masayuki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Isatuximab, an anti-CD38 antibody, has been widely used in treatments for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Despite its high efficacy, not all patients achieve a lasting therapeutic response with isatuximab.

Objective
We tried to identify biomarkers to predict the effectiveness of isatuximab by focusing on the host's immune status before treatment.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 134 relapsed/refractory MM patients in the Kansai Myeloma Forum database who had received only a first isatuximab treatment.

Results
Among the 134 patients, an isatuximab, pomalidomide and dexamethasone (Isa-PD) regimen, isatuximab, carfilzomib and dexamethasone (Isa-KD) regimen and isatuximab and/or dexamethasone (Isa-D) regimen were used in 112, 15 and 7 patients, respectively. The median age at treatment, number of prior treatment regimens, and progression-free survival (PFS) were 71, 6, and 6.54 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the PFS under the Isa-PD regimen was longer in patients with higher lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR ≥ 4), fewer prior treatment regimens (< 6), and no use of prior daratumumab treatment. The OS under the Isa-PD regimen was longer in patients with higher white blood cell counts (WBC counts ≥ 3000/μL) and higher LMR. The PFS under the Isa-D regimen was longer in patients with fewer prior treatment regimens in univariate analysis, but no parameters were correlated with PFS/OS under the Isa-KD regimen.

Conclusion
We found that the patients with higher LMR (≥ 4) could obtain longer PFS and OS under the Isa-PD regimen. Other cohort studies of isatuximab treatment might be necessary to substantiate our results.
Diagnosis, monitoring, and management of axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Zimba Olena , Kocyigit Burhan Fatih , Korkosz Mariusz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAxial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic condition predominantly affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints. This article provides an in-depth overview of the current approaches to diagnosing, monitoring, and managing axSpA, including insights into developing terminology and diagnostic difficulties. A substantial portion of the debate focuses on the challenging diagnostic procedure, noting the difficulty of detecting axSpA early, particularly before the appearance of radiologic structural changes. Despite normal laboratory parameters, more than half of axSpA patients experience symptoms. X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are essential for evaluating structural damage and inflammation. MRI can be beneficial when there is no visible structural damage on X-ray as it can help unravel bone marrow edema (BME) as a sign of ongoing inflammation. The management covers both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. Lifestyle modifications, physical activity, and patient education are essential components of the management. Pharmacological therapy, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), are explored, emphasizing individualized treatment. To effectively manage axSpA, a comprehensive and well-coordinated approach is necessary, emphasizing the significance of a multidisciplinary team. Telehealth applications play a growing role in axSpA management, notably in reducing diagnostic delays and facilitating remote monitoring. In conclusion, this article underlines diagnostic complexities and emphasizes the changing strategy of axSpA treatment. The nuanced understanding offered here is designed to guide clinicians, researchers, and healthcare providers toward a more comprehensive approach to axSpA diagnosis and care.
Unfolding polyhedra via tabu search
Authors: Zawallich Lars 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Folding a discrete geometry from a flat sheet of material is one way to construct a 3D object. A typical creation pipeline first designs the 3D object, unfolds it, prints and cuts the unfold pattern from a 2D material, and then refolds the object. Within this work we focus on the unfold part of this pipeline. Most current unfolding approaches segment the input, which has structural downsides for the refolded result. Therefore, we are aiming to unfold the input into a single-patched pattern. Our algorithm applies tabu search to the topic of unfolding. We show empirically that our algorithm is faster and more reliable than other methods unfolding into single-patched unfold patterns. Moreover, our algorithm can handle any sort of flat polygon as faces, while comparable methods are bound to triangles.