bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic variation in growth and reproduction trade‐offs: Implications for future tree performance
Authors: Vincent Chantalle , Ibáñez Inés 
Published: June 2024

AbstractForests play a crucial role providing ecosystem services to humans, yet many aspects of forest dynamics remain unknown. One key area is how climate change might impact reproduction of tree species. While most studies have focused on predicting tree growth, understanding how reproduction may change will be vital to forecasting future forest communities. Of particular interest is the relationship between annual growth and reproductive output, which has often been hypothesized as a trade‐off between allocating resources to growth or to reproduction. Two proposed pathways of this trade‐off, resource accumulation, that is, storage of resources over time, and resource allocation, that is, same year allocation of resources to reproduction, have been widely explored in relation to masting events. It has also been proposed that there is no internal trade‐off between the two functions, but rather there exists one or more climate variables that are intrinsically linked to both, that is, the weather hypothesis. In this study, we use 15 years of dendrochronological data and seed rain collections from forest stands at two latitudes to determine whether one or more of these strategies are taking place in two commonly occurring tree species: red maple, Acer rubrum; and sugar maple, Acer saccharum. We found evidence of a trade‐off in both species. We also found a combination of strategies was the norm, and there appeared to be evidence to also support the weather hypothesis. However, in both species, the strategy which dictated the trade‐off switched between the northern and southern regions, indicating a degree of plasticity that could be beneficial under changing environmental conditions. By identifying the ways in which growth and reproduction are connected and how these connections vary between different populations, we can gain insights into how trees allocate resources in response to changing conditions.
OPTImal PHARMacological therapy for patients with heart failure: Rationale and design of the OPTIPHARM‐HF registry
Authors: Inciardi Riccardo M. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Lombardi Carlo M. , Gussago Cristina , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Ameri Pietro , Aspromonte Nadia , Calò Leonardo , Cameli Matteo , Carluccio Erberto , Carugo Stefano , Cipriani Manlio , De Caterina Raffaele , De Ferrari Gaetano M. , Emdin Michele , Fornaro Alessandra , Guazzi Marco , Iacoviello Massimo , Imazio Massimo , La Rovere Maria Teresa , Leonardi Sergio , Maccallini Marta , Masarone Daniele , Moschini Luigi , Palazzuoli Alberto , Patti Giuseppe , Pedretti Roberto F.E. , Perrone Filardi Pasquale , Piepoli Massimo F. , Potena Luciano , Salzano Andrea , Sciacqua Angela , Senni Michele , Sinagra Gianfranco , Specchia Claudia , Taddei Stefano , Vizza Dario , Savarese Gianluigi , Rosano Giuseppe , Volterrani Maurizio , Metra Marco ,   on behalf of the OPTIPHARM‐HF Investigators
Published: June 2024

AimsPatients with heart failure (HF) remain often undertreated for multiple reasons, including treatment inertia, contraindications, and intolerance. The OPTIimal PHARMacological therapy for patients with Heart Failure (OPTIPHARM‐HF) registry is designed to evaluate the prevalence of evidence‐based medical treatment prescription and titration, as well as the causes of its underuse, in a broad real‐world population of consecutive patients with HF across the whole ejection fraction spectrum and among different clinical phenotypes.MethodsThe OPTIPHARM‐HF registry (NCT06192524) is a prospective, multicenter, observational, national study of adult patients with symptomatic HF, as defined by current international guidelines, regardless of ejection fraction. Both outpatients and inpatients with chronic and acute decompensated HF will be recruited. The study will enroll up to 2500 patients with chronic HF at approximately 35 Italian HF centres. Patients will be followed for a maximum duration of 24 months. The primary objective of the OPTIPHARM‐HF registry is to assess prescription and adherence to evidence‐based guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) in patients with HF. The primary outcome is to describe the prevalence of GDMT use according to target guideline recommendation. Secondary objectives include implementation of comorbidity treatment, evaluation of sequence of treatment introduction and up‐titration, description of GDMT implementation in the specific HF population, main causes of GDMT underuse, and assessment of cumulative rate of cardiovascular events.ConclusionThe OPTIPHARM‐HF registry will provide important implications for improving patient care and adoption of recommended medical therapy into clinical practice among HF patients.
General practitioners' and community pharmacists' beliefs and practices on opioids for non‐malignant pain
Authors: Jansen‐Groot Koerkamp E. A. W. , Weesie Y. M. , Heringa M. , Hek K. , Blom J. W. , Numans M. E. , van Dijk L. , Bouvy M. L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn Europe, opioid use has surged, largely due to prescriptions for chronic non‐malignant pain (CNMP). General practitioners (GPs) and community pharmacists (CPs) play a major role in opioid prescribing for non‐malignant pain. Exploring their personal beliefs and practices might reveal underlying mechanisms to identify measures that could halt the further escalation of opioid use.MethodsGuided by the health belief model, a survey was designed and distributed nationwide to examine the practices and beliefs of GPs and CPs in the domains: threats, benefits, barriers and self‐efficacy. The results of GPs and CPs were compared at the statement level using chi‐square analysis.ResultsOf 214 GPs and 212 CPs who completed the survey, the majority agreed that too many opioids are used in the treatment of chronic non‐malignant pain (66.8% GPs and 66.5% CPs). Furthermore, they were concerned about the addictive potential of opioids (83.1% GPs and 71.7% CPs). In general, both professions have concerns about opioid use. GPs report a slightly higher degree of self‐efficacy and perceive fewer benefits from opioids in treating CNMP. GPs and CPs valued the recommended measures to reduce opioid prescribing, yet less than half actively implement these strategies in their clinics.ConclusionGPs and CPs believe that opioids are being used too frequently to treat CNMP. However, both professions lack the actions to improve opioid‐related care. GPs and CPs require education, collaboration and tools to implement guidelines on non‐malignant pain and opioids.SignificanceThis study, guided by the health belief model, reveals that general practitioners and community pharmacists have serious concerns about opioid use in chronic non‐malignant pain. Despite shared concerns, both professions differ in their beliefs about opioid benefits and perceived self‐efficacy. Both professions have in common that they value recommended measures to reduce opioid prescribing. Also, they both struggle to implement strategies, emphasizing the urgent need for education, collaboration and tools to align practices with guidelines on non‐malignant pain and opioids.
N-glucuronidation and Excretion of Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonamides in Mice Following Ingestion of Aqueous Film-Forming Foam
Authors: Dukes David A. , McDonough Carrie A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (FASAs) and other FASA-based per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) can transform into recalcitrant perfluoroalkyl sulfonates in vivo. We conducted high-resolution mass spectrometry suspect screening of urine and tissues (kidney and liver) from mice dosed with an electrochemically fluorinated aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) to better understand the biological fate of AFFF-associated precursors. The B6C3F1 mice were dosed at five levels (0, 0.05, 0.5, 1, and 5 mg kg−1 day−1) based on perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate content of the AFFF mixture. Dosing continued for 10 days followed by a 6-day depuration. Total oxidizable precursor assay of the AFFF suggested significant contributions from precursors with three to six perfluorinated carbons. We identified C4 to C6 FASAs and N-glucuronidated FASAs (FASA-N-glus) excreted in urine collected throughout dosing and depuration. Based on normalized relative abundance, FASA-N-glus accounted for up to 33% of the total excreted FASAs in mouse urine, highlighting the importance of phase II metabolic conjugation as a route of excretion. High-resolution mass spectrometry screening of liver and kidney tissue revealed accumulation of longer-chain (C7 and C8) FASAs not detected in urine. Chain-length–dependent conjugation of FASAs was also observed by incubating FASAs with mouse liver S9 fractions. Shorter-chain (C4) FASAs conjugated to a much greater extent over a 120-min incubation than longer-chain (C8) FASAs. Overall, this study highlights the significance of N-glucuronidation as an excretion mechanism for short-chain FASAs and suggests that monitoring urine for FASA-N-glus could contribute to a better understanding of PFAS exposure, as FASAs and their conjugates are often overlooked by traditional biomonitoring studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2274–2284. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Associations of systemic immune‐inflammation index with high risk for prostate cancer in middle‐aged and older US males: A population‐based study
Authors: Yao Wentao , Wu Jiacheng , Kong Ying , Xu Feng , Zhou Yinyi , Sun Qing , Gao Qingqing , Cai Zhenyu , Yang Chendi , Huang Yuhua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSystemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) provides convincing evaluation of systemic immune and inflammatory condition in human body. Its correlation with prostate cancer (PCa) risk remains uncharted. The principal objective of this investigation was to elucidate the association between SII and the risk for PCa in middle‐aged and elderly males.Materials and MethodsAnalysis entailed multivariate linear and logistic regression, generalized additive model, and smoothing curve fitting using resource from 2007 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). To ascertain robustness and consistency of this association across different demographic strata, we conducted rigorous subgroup analyses and interaction tests.ResultsAmong 3359 participants, those with elevated SII displayed higher total prostate‐specific antigen (tPSA) levels, higher risk for PCa, and lower free/total PSA (f/t PSA) ratio. Specifically, each unit increase of log2 (SII) was associated with a 0.22 ng/mL increase in tPSA (β: 0.22, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.05–0.38), a 2.22% decline in f/t PSA ratio (β: −2.22, 95% CI −3.20 to −1.23), and a 52% increased odds of being at high risk for PCa (odds ratio [OR]: 1.52, 95% CI 1.13–2.04). People in the top quartile of log2 (SII) exhibited 0.55 ng/mL increased tPSA (β: 0.55, 95% CI 0.19–0.90), 4.39% reduced f/t PSA ratio (β: −4.39, 95% CI −6.50 to −2.27), and 168% increased odds of being at high risk for PCa (OR: 2.68, 95% CI 1.32–5.46) compared to those in the bottom quartile.ConclusionSystemic immune and inflammatory condition, as represented by SII, is independently and positively associated with tPSA levels and the risk for PCa, as well as independently and negatively associated with f/t PSA ratio among middle‐aged and older US males. These findings may enhance the effectiveness of PCa screening in predicting positive biopsy results.
Impact of heavy metals exposure on herpes simplex virus type I infection: A population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Qi Qianjin , Zhang Minghao , Wen Lin , Fu Lili , Feng Li , Han Lulu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the significant relationship between serum heavy metals (lead [Pb], cadmium [Cd], mercury [Hg]) and the risk of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) infection. Data were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted in the United States from 2007 to 2016. This nationally representative survey, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, assessed the health status of participants through interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. After excluding participants lacking serum Pb, Cd, and Hg data, as well as those missing HSV‐1 testing data and pregnant women, the analysis included 13 772 participants, among whom 3363 were adolescents. A survey‐weighted multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between heavy metal exposure and the risk of HSV‐1 infection, and to explore the dose–response relationship between them. In adults and adolescents, serum concentrations of Pb and Cd were higher in those infected with HSV‐1 than in those not infected. However, an increase in serum Hg concentration was observed only in infected adolescents. After adjusting for potential confounders, elevated serum Pb and Cd concentrations in adults were associated with an increased risk of HSV‐1 infection. Higher serum Pb and Cd concentrations were associated with an increased risk of HSV‐2 infection, irrespective of HSV‐1 infection status. In adults, serum concentrations of Pb and Hg showed an approximately linear relationship with HSV‐1 infection risk (p for nonlinearity > 0.05), whereas the dose–response relationship between serum Cd concentration and HSV‐1 infection was nonlinear (p for nonlinearity = 0.004). In adolescents, serum concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) showed an approximately linear relationship with HSV‐1 infection (p for nonlinearity > 0.05). Furthermore, the study examined the relationship between serum heavy metal levels and the risk of HSV‐1 infection across different genders, races, income levels, weight statuses, and immune statuses. In conclusion, there is a significant association between serum heavy metal concentrations and HSV‐1 infection, which warrants further investigation into the causal relationship between them.
Blood pressure variability as a risk factor of recurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation
Authors: Yambe Minoru , Kurose Yuki , Hasegawa Kaoru , Kikuta Hisashi , Sumiyoshi Takenori , Sekiguchi Yuko , Kameyama Takeyoshi , Komaru Tatsuya , Kumagai Koji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundBlood pressure variability has been found to be a predictor of a stroke, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease that is independent of blood pressure control. This study used the variability independent of the mean (VIM) to evaluate the visit‐to‐visit blood pressure variability in patients previously undergoing catheter ablation (CA) of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), and its relationship with AF recurrence was examined.Method and ResultsThe subjects were 274 consecutive PAF patients who underwent CA at our hospital. Finally, 237 subjects were included in the analysis. The mean follow‐up period was 29.6 months, during which 37 subjects had recurrences, and 200 did not. During the outpatient blood pressure examinations, the VIM of the systolic blood pressure (VIM SBP) was significantly higher in the recurrence group, suggesting that blood pressure variability is associated with recurrence. The Cox proportional hazards ratio of the VIM SBP was significantly higher in the recurrence (4.839) than no‐recurrence group, even after an adjustment, suggesting that the extent of the variability was a risk factor of recurrence post‐CA. In addition, the Cox proportional hazard ratio for recurrence was significantly lower in the patients taking dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, suggesting that the risk of recurrence may differ depending on the type of antihypertensive drug.ConclusionsBlood pressure variability may be a risk for AF recurrence after CA.
Rural footprints of leisure choice—Exploring spatial complementarities in ‘Happy Feet’ and ‘Green Beauty’ tourism
Authors: Kourtit Karima , Lim Jaewon , Nijkamp Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ‘Happy Feet’–‘Green Beauty’ tourism nexus represents the functional spatial interplay between entertainment‐centered tourism and nature‐based visitors' choices. This paper seeks to explain rural (non‐urban) tourism patterns emerging from the interaction between the two forms of tourism in the context of sustainable destination development, using Las Vegas and its hinterland as a case study. The analysis addresses important key concepts related to the urban–rural tourism nexus, namely deconcentrated concentration of tourism, health tourism, nature/eco‐tourism, tourism crowding, spatial substitution/complementarity in tourism, outer‐inner city tourism synergy, and intervening spatial opportunities in tourism. The study develops a novel methodological framework for identifying the drivers of rural (non‐urban) tourism choices as spillover factors from tourism crowding in major attractions. Mapping out this transition in leisure behavior contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the ‘Happy Feet’–’Green Beauty’ tourism nexus for post‐corona tourism development and informs future research and practical implications in tourism spillover studies.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Bromothiophene‐Functionalized BF2‐Curcuminoid as a Versatile Building Block
Authors: Kang Haixia , Wang Qilian , Gao Xingrui , Feng Yongliang , Xu Hemin , Song Jinzhao , Han Jingfang , Gao Liujing , Li Ziyong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA novel bromothiophene‐functionalized BF2‐curcuminoid (BTC‐BF2) is synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The structure of BTC‐BF2 is determined by 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Moreover, a nearly coplanar single crystal structure is successfully obtained and form a mesh structure through intermolecular multiple C─H···F hydrogen bond interactions. As expected, as‐prepared BTC‐BF2 exhibits solvent‐dependent photophysical properties in solvents with different polarity and an intense red solid‐state fluorescence. Density functional theory calculations further verify the relationships between its intrinsic electronic features and the photophysical properties. For its potential application aspect, BTC‐BF2 shows a certain ability to generate singlet oxygen under irradiation with 530 nm green light. Moreover, BTC‐BF2 can be utilized as versatile building block to construct novel far‐red or NIR BF2‐curcuminoid complexes for widely biological applications.
Recreational gymnastics exercise of moderate intensity enhances executive function in Chinese preschoolers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Lu Jiacheng , Sun Youbin , Li Ji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current study aimed to investigate the impact of recreational gymnastics on executive function in Chinese preschoolers, with a focus on gymnastics potential to enhance core components of executive function. A total of 63 preschool children who received full‐time education were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (N = 31, mean age = 66.27 months, SD = 3.12 months) or a control group (N = 32, mean age = 66.79 months, SD = 3.34 months). The intervention group engaged in recreational gymnastics for 60 min, three times a week for 12 weeks. Meanwhile, the control group continued with their typical outdoor activities at kindergarten and did not participate in any organized sports. The intervention program was primarily conducted through group play and was facilitated by teachers who underwent standardized training. Various simple and complex tasks were utilized to evaluate delay gratification (Snack delay and Wrapped gift), inhibitory control (Stop signal task and Circle drawing task), working memory (Letter memory task and Keep track task), and cognitive flexibility (Go/No‐Go task and Dots task). The analysis of covariance revealed that the children who participated in the intervention outperformed the control group on most simple and complex executive function tasks. Specifically, these children demonstrated an enhanced ability to regulate persistent responses, process and update information, and manage high cognitive conflict. The findings of this investigation lend support to the hypothesis that moderate‐intensity recreational gymnastics is an efficacious means of enhancing executive function in early childhood. Future research should employ a larger sample size, incorporate a long‐term follow‐up design, and utilize a multi‐method approach to further substantiate the impact of moderate‐intensity gymnastics on the executive function of young children, as well as to investigate its underlying mechanism and generalizability.
Cover Image
Authors: Kavyani Sajjad , Soares João B. P. , Choi Phillip 
Published: June 2024

The cover image is based on the Research Article Effect of hexyl‐branched backbone size on the size distribution and coalescence of free volume around an amphiphilic molecule by Sajjad Kavyani et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26705.
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3D Printing of Thermo‐Mechano‐Responsive Photoluminescent Noncovalent Cross‐Linked Ionogels with High‐Stretchability and Ultralow‐Hysteresis for Wearable Ionotronics and Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Li Xin , Yang Xuemeng , Li Shuaijie , Lv Hongying , Wang Zhuoer , Gao Zhuoyou , Song Hongzan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIonogel has recently emerged as a promising ionotronic material due to its good ionic conductivity and flexibility. However, low stretchability and significant hysteresis under long‐term loading limit their mechanical stability and repeatability. Developing ultralow hysteresis ionogels with high stretchability is of great significance. Here, a simple and effective strategy is developed to fabricate highly stretchable and ultralow‐hysteresis noncovalent cross‐linked ionogels based on phase separation by 3D printing of 2‐hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA) in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4). Ingeniously, the sea‐island structure of the physically cross‐linked network constructed by the smaller nanodomains and larger nanodomain clusters significantly minimizes the energy dissipation, endowing these ionogels with remarkable stretchability (>1000%), ultra‐low hysteresis (as low as 0.2%), excellent temperature tolerance (−33–317 °C), extraordinary ionic conductivity (up to 1.7 mS cm−1), and outstanding durability (5000 cycles). Moreover, due to the formation of nanophase separation and cross‐linking structure, the as‐prepared ionogels exhibit unique thermochromic and multiple photoluminescent properties, which can synergistically be applied for anti‐counterfeiting and encrypting. Importantly, flexible thermo‐mechano‐multimodal visual ionotronic sensors for strain and temperature sensing with highly stable and reproducible electrical response over 20 000 cycles are fabricated, showing synergistically optical and electrical output performances.