bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Reserpine
Authors: Bose B C , Vijayvargiya R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A spectrophotometric method for the estimation of reserpine in crude drugs and pharmaceutical preparations has been described. The method is capable of detecting microquantities of reserpine (0.25 μg./ml.). It is capable of estimating reserpine in crude drugs, alkaloidal mixtures, reserpine and serpentina tablets. The reserpine content in samples of Dehradun and Bengal varieties of R. serpentina has been found to be 0.117 and 0.103 per cent respectively.
A Study of Bacteriological Media: The Examination of Casamin E
Authors: Habeeb A F S A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Three batches of Casamin E have been examined quantitatively for their free and total amino acid content. Variation occurs in the free amino acid content in the three batches examined. The peptides were examined qualitatively. The batches were examined for their strepogenin activity using the media of Steele, Sauberlich, Reynolds and Baumann1 and Kodicek and Mistry2. The stimulatory pattern appeared to be different with the two basal media.
The Synthesis of Some Potential Antimetabolites of Phenylalanine: Part I. The Synthesis of some γγ-Dialkyl-α-Aminobutyric Acids
Authors: Meakin B J , Mumford F R , Ward E R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Seven new dialkylaminobutyric acids have been synthesised as potential antiviral and antibacterial agents. None showed any significant activity against the Newcastle disease virus in vitro.
The Histamine-Heparin Complex
Authors: Sanyal R K , West G B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Some factors concerned in the formation in vitro of a complex between the base histamine and the acid heparin have been studied. More histamine is contained in the complex when precipitation is carried out in acid medium in the presence of adenosine triphosphate. Although the staining properties and morphological characters of the complex resemble those of natural mast cell granules, it has not been possible to release most of the histamine from the synthetic granules without dissolving them. 5-Hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline failed to form complexes with heparin and did not alter the formation of the complex of histamine and heparin.
Comparative Efficacy of Bactericidal Compounds in Buffer Solutions Part I
Authors: Hess H , Speiser P 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A standardised membrane filter technique, adapted to the counting of organisms previously exposed to disinfectants, has been compared statistically with the pour-plate method. The membrane filters were found to be as suitable as pour-plates for counting viable organisms. The filter method is superior in disinfection experiments, since any quantity of test-mixture can be filtered and the danger of bacteriostasis is excluded. In disinfection experiments with high mortality levels, a great increse in variation occurred in replicate tests. Enriched media were not found to be superior to ordinary nutrient agar for the incubation of filter discs. The Gram-positive organisms tested showed a marked decrease in viable cells after storage at room temperature in slightly acid phosphate solutions for 24 hours, whereas in neutral and slightly alkaline solutions the viable count remained constant. The Gram-negative test organisms were not significantly affected by the phosphate buffer solutions.
Comparative Efficacy of Bactericidal Compounds in Buffer Solutions Part II
Authors: Hess H , Speiser P 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A number of phenols, aromatic alcohols, organic mercury compounds andquaternary ammoniumcompounds have beenexamined, by the membrane filter method, to assess their antibacterial action at four different pH values against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. The killing rate of the compounds tested varied with the pH. The phenols, in the undissociated state, and the aromatic alcohols were most effective against Gram-negative cells at a slightly alkaline pH, and least effective at a pH of 5.5 to 7, whereas against Gram-positive cells, the compounds were least bactericidal at a pH of 7 to 8.5 Upon Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative cells, phenylmercuric borate was more potent in alkaline solution, thiomersal, in acid solution. This difference is connected with the opposite charges of the active ions. A reduction in bactericidal activity was noted in acid solutions of domiphen bromide and cetyl pyridinium chloride although the activity of the latter was less influenced by pH. The importance of the partition ratio between water and a lipid phase for the bactericidal efficacy of phenols and aromatic alcohols is stressed, and a new approach to the testing of these compounds is proposed. 4-Chloro- 8- phenylethyl alcohol yielded promising results as a new bactericidal agent. Pseudomonas pyocyanea was more rapidly killed by the compounds tested than Escherichia coli.
Oxime Therapy in Poisoning by Six Organo-phosphorus Insecticides in the Rat
Authors: Sanderson D M , Edson E F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effects of two oxime reactivators, PAM and TMB4, on poisoning by six organophosphate indirect cholinesterase inhibitors with different phosphorylating groups have been examined in the rat. Repeated oxime injections were beneficial in poisoning by parathion, parathionmethyl, phenkaptone and, to a lesser extent, diazinon, but ineffective with dimefox and dimethoate. PAM had no additional antidotal value against dimethoate poisoning when given with atropine. The findings are related to expected degrees of irreversibility of cholinesterase inhibition with different phosphorus compounds.
Anatomical Studies in the Genus Digitalis: Part II. The Anatomy of the Inflorescence ofD. lanata L
Authors: Cowley P S , Rowson J M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The morphology and detailed anatomy of the inflorescence of Digitalis lanata have been described. The diagnostic characters which are the most valuable in identifying the inflorescence in admixture with the leaf are the abundance of glandular trichomes; the pollen grains; the sclerenchymatous fibres and lignified pith of the pedicel and stem; also the lignified cells of the anther, fruit wall and seed coat. Those characters which may be used to distinguish the inflorescence from that of D. purpurea are noted.
The Strength of Compressed Tablets: Part II. The Bonding of Granules during Compression
Authors: Shotton E , Ganderton D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The deformation of tablet granules has been followed over a wide pressure range by preparing and compressing sucrose granules with coloured surfaces. By examination of the fracture of the compacts in a strength test, it has been possible to determine the structural role of the granule at these pressures.
The Use of Laminar Lubricants in Compaction Processes
Authors: Train D , Hersey J A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A punch penetration shear test has been used to support the theory of orientation of layers within the crystal lattice as the lubricating mechanism of laminar solids. Under high applied loads, this orientation is prevented, thereby causing a high value of the shear strength. The increased shear strength is manifest in an increased coefficient of friction under high loads, as found experimentally in the die pressing of solid plugs of talc and graphite. The use of these solids as lubricants in compaction processes cannot be justified at high constraining loads, where the relative density of the compact is high.
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: ‡Part VII. Linear Polyonium Ethers
Authors: Edwards D , Lewis J J , McPhail D E , Muir T C , Stenlake J B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The tris-onium ethers (XIII, A and B) and the tetra-onium ethers (XV A, B and C), together with the corresponding polymethylene tris-onium (XIV A and B) and polymethylene tetra-onium compounds (XVI, A, B and C), have been synthesised. Replacement of a methylene group in the inter-onium polymethylene chain by an ether link almost always lowers muscle relaxant potency.
The Precision of Some Procedures in Pharmaceutical Analysis: Part II. Titrations
Authors: Rogers A R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Estimates have been made of the variation of the results obtained by students in eight schools of pharmacy and by analysts in five industrial laboratories performing simple titrations. Coefficients of variation in the range 0.1 to 0.2 per cent were typical of the industrial analysts. The corresponding figures for the students were mostly in the range 0.2 to 0.5 per cent.
Separation and Estimation of Purine and Pyrimidine Bases from a Heated Suspension of Micrococcus flavus
Authors: Gerritsma K W , Levius H P 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A method has been described for the chromatographic separation of a mixture of purine and pyrimidine bases. They are identified as single substances in solution by the ultra-violet light absorption at a small number of wavelengths. Checks on the purity of the recovered bases are also described and the method is applied to the separation and estimation of purine and pyrimidine bases from the supernatant fluid of a heated suspension of Micrococcus flavus.
The Determination of the Relative Configuration of Morphine, Levorphanol and Laevo-Phenazocine by Stereoselective Adsorbents
Authors: Beckett A H , Anderson Patricia 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The preparation of levorphanol, dextrorphan and morphine stereoselective adsorbents is described. These adsorbents are used to show that the laevo isomers of morphine, phenazocine and a related compound, and racemorphan and related morphinans have similar configurations; the analgesic activity of the various compounds resides substantially in these laevo isomers.
The Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Some Modified Aluminium Hydroxides as Gastric Antacids
Authors: Davison B K , Schaffer R E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The preparation and properties of some aluminium hydroxides modified by carbohydrates are described. In vitro evaluation of their antacid properties shows that they are quick acting products of high neutralising capacity and capable of prolonged buffering in the pH range 3 to 4. They compare well in a variety of tests with liquid aluminium hydroxide gel.
Studies on Bacterial Populations in Solutions of Phenols
Authors: Bean H S , Walters V 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The shape of time-survivor curves for E. coli suspended in aqueous solutions of benzylchlorophenol depends on the concentration of the bactericide. In some concentrations the last survivors exhibit unexpected multiplication. The death of the organisms is accompanied by the release of cell-constituents having an ultra-violet absorption maximum at 260 mμ. Growth occurred when E. coli exudate was added to aqueous suspensions of E. coli whereas in its absence the organisms died. The numbers of viable organisms depended upon the concentration of the added cell exudate. The fate of the last survivors of a suspension of E. coli in benzylchlorophenol solution was controlled by re-suspending them in components of the reaction mixture. Removal of cell-exudate produced rapid death and the removal of bactericide led to multiplication of the organisms. It is concluded that cell exudate constituted the nutrient substrate for multiplication of last survivors in an initially bactericidal system. The theories of disinfection and the influence of cell exudate upon the shape of time-survivor curves are discussed.
Studies in Organo-Selenium Compounds: Part I. Determination of Se
Authors: Dingwall D , Williams W D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Selenium in some organo-selenium compounds has been determined colorimetrically by conversion to selenious acid and hence to a selenium sol stabilised with chlorpromazine hydrochloride. Nonionic, cationic and anionic stabilisers have been compared with chlorpromazine hydrochloride but only cetomacrogol appeared to be as efficient.
The Effect of Cortisone and Hydrocortisone on the Plasma Levels of Corticotrophin in the Rat, After an Acute Stress
Authors: Barrett A M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Pretreatment of intact female rats with cortisone and hydrocortisone acetates produces a graded inhibition of ACTH release in response to acute stress as shown by changes in plasma ACTH levels. The inhibition was greater with hydrocortisone and was dependent upon the time and dose relations.
Micellar Size of Mixed Lysolecithin-Lecithin Sols
Authors: Robinson N 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Lysolecithin and lecithin can be expected to occur together in biological systems—aggregates formed by mixed lysolecithin-lecithin sols were found to have a molecular weight of nearly 1.5 million and to be unsymmetrical, probably closest to a rod shape of length 1,500 Å. The particles were thought to be mixed micelles and not solubilised lecithin within the micelles of the highly surface-active lysolecithin according to the classical Hartley concept.
The Effect of Ortho Substitution on the Hydrolysis of Benzoylcholine
Authors: Thomas J , Stoker J R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A series of mono- and di-ortho-substituted benzoylcholine compounds has been prepared and the rates of hydroxide ion and cholinesterase catalysed hydrolysis has been determined for each compound. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of the compounds have also been determined. It has been found that some of the compounds are stable to esterase catalysed hydrolysis and that the groups which confer stability do not prevent the formation of enzyme substrate complexes. The most suitable groups for ester stabilisation, when used as ortho substituents, are alkyl and iodo as mono substituents and most groups, except hydroxy, as di-ortho substituents.
A New Analeptic: 5,5-Diethyl-1,3-Oxazin-2,4-Dione (Dioxone): II. Antagonism to some C.N.S. Depressants
Authors: Maffii G , Serralunga M G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Dioxone (5,5-diethyl-1,3-oxazine-2,4-dione), has been found to exhibit a strong antagonistic effect to barbiturates and chlorpromazine. Given subcutaneously, dioxone significantly reduces the mortality in mice from phenobarbitone and allows an increase in the LD50 of quinalbarbitone and hexobarbitone in mice, and pentobarbitone in rats and mice, thus showing its barbiturate antagonist action both at lethal and depressant dose levels. As with leptazol and bemegride, dioxone does not show any significant effect on the depressant activity of ethanol. It has no effect on lethal doses of chlorpromazine but it has an awakening effect on mice sedated with the drug. The pharmacological actions of dioxone, suggest that its mode of action is functional, rather than at a cellular competition level.
African Rauwolfia Species: Part I. The Structure of the Root and Stem ofRauwolfia volkensii Stapf
Authors: Court William E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A possible substitute or adulterant for the roots of R. vomitoria Afz. is the shrubby East African species R. volkensii Stapf. The anatomy of the roots and stems is described and illustrated, and compared with published data about other African species
Studies on the Kinetics of Fungicidal Action: Part I. The Effect of Concentration and Time on the Viability ofPenicillium notatum Spores in Solutions of Phenol
Authors: Chauhan N M , Walters V 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
About 98 per cent of Penicillium notatum spores produced germ tubes in liquid nutrient media within 12 hr. Viability was unaffected by storage in distilled water for 20 days at 4°. The sporicidal activity of phenol was measured by determining the percentage of germinated spores before and after contact with phenol solution. Spores were separated on membrane filters from fungicide by rapid filtration, and incubated in Horowitz fluid medium. The rate of death in solutions containing 0.5 to 1.25 per cent phenol followed a first order reaction. The values of the concentration exponent for 50 and 100 per cent mortalities were 12 and 10.5 respectively
Paper Chromatographic Separation of the Phloroglucinol Derivatives from Dryopteris Species
Authors: Penttilä Aneri , Sundman Jacobus 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A paper chromatographic technique, using buffered filter papers, is described for separating from Dryopteris ferns the phloroglucinol derivatives and some of their decomposition products. The RF values on papers buffered from pH 4.0 to pH 9.1 are given in the form of diagrams with the aid of which the appropriate buffer can be chosen depending on the mixture to be separated
Some 1–Alkyl-3-Aroyl Ureas
Authors: Beasley (Miss) Y M , Petrow V , Stephenson O 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Some 1-alkyl-3-aroylureas and a few related types have been synthesised for examination as anticonvulsants. Maximum activity was found in 3-benzoyl-1-n-butylurea and 1-n-butyl-3-o-toluoylurea
Some Effects of a Hemicholinium Compound (HC-3) on Neuromuscular Transmission in the Cat
Authors: Evans E R , Wilson H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The hemicholinium compound 4, 4′-biphenylylenebis[carbonylmethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium bromide] (HC-3) (Long and Schueler, 1954) has been shown to produce a neuromuscular block in rabbits which is of gradual onset, long duration (Reitzel and Long, 1959) and dependent on the frequency of nerve stimulation (Wilson and Long, 1959).
An attempt has been made in the present study to determine the effect of HC-3 on neuromuscular transmission in the cat by using the tibialis anterior muscle-sciatic nerve preparation. Some effects on this preparation have already been described by Bowman and Rand (1961).
The Particle Size Distribution of Marble on Wet Ball Milling
Authors: Barnett M I , James K C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An investigation has been made of a wet ball milling procedure which depends on the apparent viscosity of the charge increasing during the operation until the balls are held by the charge, and circulate with the mill. By varying the solid: liquid ratio of the charges the mean particle size of the product was changed, and shown to be a linear function of the proportion of solid in the charge. The effect of changing the ball size is discussed.
The Effect of a Sulphated Polysaccharide on the Acidity and Volume of Histamine-Stimulated Gastric Secretion in the Guinea-Pig
Authors: Anderson W , Marcus R , Watt J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Degraded carrageenan administered in aqueous solution via an oesophageal tube to guinea-pigs twice daily and also freely available as drinking fluid, for 8 to 14 days, causes a 50 per cent reduction in the volume and acidity of histamine-stimulated gastric juice. This could be an important factor in the protection afforded by carrageenan against histamine-induced duodenal ulceration.
The Spasmolytic Actions of Pyrogallol and Catechol on the Isolated Guinea-Pig Ileum
Authors: Johnson E S 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Pyrogallol and catechol, potent inhibitors of catechol-o-methyl transferase, have general non-specific spasmolytic actions on the isolated guinea-pig ileum. Spasmogens acting by the intramural nervous mechanism are inhibited by lower concentrations of pyrogallol and catechol than are spasmogens acting directly on the smooth muscle. Possible explanations and implications are discussed.
Direct Colorimetric Determination of Small Quantities of m-Aminophenol in Sodium Aminosalicylate
Authors: Bićan-Fister Tatjana 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A colorimetric method has been developed for the determination of m-aminophenol in sodium p-aminosalicylate by formation of a blue colour with phosphomolybdic acid. Although both sodium aminosalicylate and m-aminophenol form blue complexes with this reagent, prior isolation of the m-aminophenol is unnecessary because the extinction coefficient for the m-aminophenol complex is 90 times that of sodium p-aminosalicylate complex.
A Note on the Activity of Six Penicillins Against Escherichia Coli
Authors: Russell A D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A quantitative comparison of the activity of six penicillins against Escherichia coli has been made. The order of their effectiveness in inhibiting growth was benzylpenicillin and phenbenicillin, phenoxy-methylpenicillin, phenethicillin, propicillin, methicillin; and in inducing spheroplasts benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, phenethicillin and phenbenicillin, propicillin, methicillin.
Monomolecular Layers of Synthetic Phosphatides
Authors: van Deenen L L M , Houtsmuller U M T , de Haas G H , Mulder E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In studying the functions of phosphatides in biological membranes, investigations have been made into monomolecular layers of synthetic phosphatides. Force-area curves of monolayers of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, all containing identical fatty acids, showed small differences, obviously to be attributed to differences in size and charge of the end groups. The shifts of the force-area curves within one class of phosphatides were more pronounced and are brought about by variations of the apolar moiety. Shortening of the chain length and particularly unsaturation of the fatty acid constituents greatly expanded the films of the l-α-lecithins, thereby increasing the closest stable packing attainable. Force-area curves of structurally isomeric mixed-acid l-α-phosphatides, carrying dissimilar fatty acids in different positions, were identical. Mixed films consisting of phosphatides and cholesterol in molar equivalents—at proportions also found in red cell membranes—revealed a condensing effect of cholesterol on the film of phosphatides containing certain unsaturated fatty acid constituents.
Effect of Imipramine, Amitriptyline and Their Monomethyl Derivatives on Reserpine Activity
Authors: Garattini S , Giachetti A , Jori A , Pieri L , Valzelli L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Impramine, amitriptyline and their respective N-monomethyl derivatives (desmethylimipramine and desmethylamitriptyline) prevent reserpine activity to varying degrees. Desmethylimipramine and desmethylamitriptyline are more effective than are imipramine and amitriptyline in reducing the hypothermia induced by reserpine in rats. Imipramine and desmethylimipramine are more effective than are amitriptyline and desmethylamitriptyline in decreasing the severity of gastric ulcers induced by reserpine in restrained rats. Desmethylimipramine does not prevent the lowering of brain amines by reserpine. The antagonistic effect of imipramine toward leptazol convulsions in mice is not shared by desmethylimipramine. Imipramine and desmethylimpramine do not potentiate the central effects of 5-hydroxy- tryptophan and tryptamine and do not prevent the hypothermia induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine, α-methyl-dopa or chlorpromazine. The activity of desmethylimipramine may be differentiated therefore on a pharmacological basis from that of the monoamine oxidase inhibitors and amphetamine.
A Comparison of the Thyroxine: Tri-Iodothyronine Content and Biological Activity of Thyroid from Various Species
Authors: Wiberg G S , Devlin W F , Stephenson N R , Carter J R , Bayne A J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Samples of ox and sheep thyroid were less potent than pig thyroid in biological assays when the doses were administered either on the basis of B.P. “Thyroxine-iodine” or U.S.P. total combined iodine. Chemical analyisis for iodothyronines revealed that the molar ratio of thyroxine to tri-iodothyronine approximated 2:1 in pig thyroid but approached 3:1 in ox and sheep preparations. Thus the ox and sheep samples which were less potent in the biological assay than pig thyroid also contained less tri-iodothyronine. By using tri-iodothyronine as the dosage basis, there was very little if any difference in physiological efficacy in goitre prevention assay.