bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leopard density in post‐conflict landscape, Cambodia: Evidence from spatially explicit capture–recapture
Authors: Gray Thomas Neill Edward , Prum Sovanna 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEffective conservation of large carnivores requires reliable estimates of population density, often obtained through capture–recapture analysis, in order to prioritize investments and assess conservation intervention effectiveness. Recent statistical advances and development of user‐friendly software for spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) circumvent the difficulties in estimating effective survey area, and hence density, from capture–recapture data. We conducted a camera‐trapping study on leopards (Panthera pardus) in Mondulkiri Protected Forest, Cambodia. We compared density estimates using SECR with those obtained from conventional approaches in which the effective survey area is estimated using a boundary strip width based on observed animal movements. Density estimates from Chao heterogeneity models (3.8 ± SE 1.9 individuals/100 km2) and Pledger heterogeneity models and models accounting for gender‐specific capture and recapture rates (model‐averaged density 3.9 ± SE 2.9 individuals/100 km2) were similar to those from SECR in program DENSITY (3.6 ± SE 1.0/100 km2) but higher than estimates from Jack‐knife heterogeneity models (2.9 ± SE 0.9 individuals/100 km2). Capture probabilities differed between male and female leopards probably resulting from differences in the use of human‐made trails between sexes. Given that there are a number of biologically plausible reasons to expect gender‐specific variation in capture probabilities of large carnivores, we recommend exploratory analysis of data using models in which gender can be included as a covariate affecting capture probabilities particularly given the demographic importance of breeding females for population recovery of threatened carnivores. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy: A novel approach to investigate intramyocellular lipids
Authors: Xiao Li , Wu Ed X. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMotivated by the potential difference between intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and extramyocellular lipid (EMCL) in their microscopically restricted diffusion environments, proton diffusion properties in IMCL and EMCL were characterized by diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Ex vivo experiments were conducted on fresh pig lower hindlimb muscle samples. In vivo experiments were performed on the lower hindlimbs of normal adult Sprague–Dawley rats. Ex vivo apparent diffusion coefficients at 20°C were found to be in the ranges of (10.8 ± 0.5) × 10−6 to (15.8 ± 0.8) × 10−6 mm2/s for EMCL and (1.6 ± 0.6) × 10−6 to (2.4 ± 0.7) × 10−6 mm2/s for IMCL depending on the diffusion weighting direction relative to muscle fiber orientation. In vivo apparent diffusion coefficients of EMCL and IMCL were measured as (13.8 ± 0.9) × 10−6 and (4.6 ± 0.7) × 10−6 mm2/s, respectively, along the direction perpendicular to muscle fiber orientation. Our results demonstrated that the apparent diffusion coefficient of EMCL was substantially higher than that of IMCL. Therefore, EMCL could be effectively suppressed by proper diffusion weighting to achieve reliable detection of IMCL despite unknown or/and multiple muscle fiber orientations. Such lipid proton diffusion approach can be used for robust IMCL separation and identification. Furthermore, it may provide new biophysical insights in the investigation of lipid metabolism in obesity and diabetes. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the response tree format on the utility and psychometric properties of scales measuring symptoms in adults undergoing inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Fox Mary T. , Sidani Souraya , Streiner David L. , McGilton Katherine S. , Grady Cheryl 
Published: September 2011

AbstractImbedding a response tree into self‐report scales is a strategy recommended to improve item comprehension and reduce burden in older adults. However, researchers have posed potential utility, validity, and reliability limitations to this strategy that have not been examined in the clinical setting. We evaluated the effect of the response tree format (RTF) on the psychometric properties and utility of three scales measuring symptoms in 86 rehabilitation inpatients. The RTF had little effect on the scales' psychometric properties or utility. Time to complete the scales differed for one scale only. The two formats manifested comparable levels of utility, reliability, and validity in the study sample, and may be used with older adults who experience difficulty responding to the original scales. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 34:508–519, 2011
Comparison of cloud products within IASI footprints for the assimilation of cloudy radiances
Authors: Lavanant L. , Fourrié N. , Gambacorta A. , Grieco G. , Heilliette S. , Hilton F. I. , Kim M.‐J. , McNally A. P. , Nishihata H. , Pavelin E. G. , Rabier F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article compares different methods of deriving cloud properties in the footprint of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), onboard the European MetOp satellite. Cloud properties produced by ten operational schemes are assessed and an intercomparison of the products for a 12 h global acquisition is presented. Clouds cover a large part of the Earth, contaminating most of the radiance data. The estimation of cloud top height and effective amount within the sounder footprint is an important step towards the direct assimilation of cloud‐affected radiances. This study first examines the capability of all the schemes to detect and characterize the clouds for all complex situations and provides some indications of confidence in the data. Then the dataset is restricted to thick overcast single layers and the comparison shows a significant agreement between all the schemes. The impact of the retrieved cloud properties on the residuals between calculated cloudy radiances and observations is estimated in the long‐wave part of the spectrum. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society, Crown in the right of Canada, and British Crown copyright, the Met Office
When first‐generation students go to graduate school
Authors: Lunceford Brett 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe author argues that first‐generation college students (FGS) have compounded challenges when they pursue graduate education. As a first‐generation college student, he was not able to gather advice from family or his job supervisor, who had no experience with graduate school. Drawing from his experience and the existing FGS‐related research, the author details practical advice for making a successful transition from college to graduate school. He concludes with a list of essential questions that prospective graduate students should ask themselves and their mentors when considering graduate study.
Faculty perceptions of the first‐generation student experience and programs at tribal colleges
Authors: Schmidt Jacqueline J. , Akande Yemi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe authors extend the existing research about first‐generation Native Americans at mainstream institutions by looking at Native Americans enrolled as first‐generation college students (FGS) at tribal colleges. Using the results of interviews with faculty at tribal colleges, the authors discuss the challenges that first‐generation college student Native‐American students face, such as lack of family support and role models, lack of college preparation, and financial concerns.
Gathering ourselves and our students: Concluding remarks
Authors: Harvey Vickie L. , Housel Teresa Heinz 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAcademic personnel who were first‐generation college students (FGS) are uniquely positioned to consider the questions these students often have about the college experience. Academia needs first‐generation and working‐class voices to diversify an academic culture that is often socially stratified. As more FGS enroll in colleges and universities, academic personnel must be prepared to better understand, and teach, this growing demographic sector of undergraduate and graduate students.
Polyarene anions: interplay between theory and experiment
Authors: Eisenberg David , Shenhar Roy 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPolyarenes, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), represent a ubiquitous and heavily studied type of compounds, appealing for their interesting spectroscopic, supramolecular, organometallic, and other properties. A major branch of research is concerned with polyarene anions: their electronic and structural properties, reactivity, aromaticity, and spectroscopy. This review describes the major role of computational investigations in complementing, explaining, and guiding experimental research, and thus providing invaluable contribution to our understanding of polyarene anions. The scope of this review focuses on polyarenes composed only from sp2‐hybridized carbons and limits the discussion to the quantum‐mechanical method of calculation. The topics covered include computation‐assisted characterization; choice of methods; transformations induced by reduction, including anistropic charge redistributions, reorganization of bonding structure, flattening of curved polyarenes (buckybowls), and Jahn–Teller distortion; aromaticity topics such as ring currents and aromaticity measures; reactivity, for example, toward electrophilic substitution or ring closure, acidity and basicity, and self‐assembly interactions in solution and in the gas phase; and finally, spectroscopy, mainly for astrochemical research, ranging from the mid‐infrared to the far‐ultraviolet spectral ranges. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Single‐incision multiport laparoendoscopic surgery using a newly developed short‐type flexible endoscope: a combined procedure of flexible endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Abe Nobutsugu , Takeuchi Hirohisa , Ohki Atsuko , Aoki Hisae , Masaki Tadahiko , Mori Toshiyuki , Sugiyama Masanori 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground and objectiveWe hypothesized that using a flexible endoscope as a working scope in laparoscopic surgery through a single incision might provide many benefits. To this end, a short‐type flexible endoscope with a working length of 600 mm was newly developed. In this animal experimental study, we aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility of our new approach, single‐incision multiport laparoendoscopic (SIMPLE) cholecystectomy, using this endoscope.MethodsEight pigs were subjected to SIMPLE cholecystectomy using the short‐type flexible endoscope. The endoscope was inserted through a 12‐mm trocar in an SILS™ Port followed by the insertion of two additional 5‐mm trocars in the SILS™ Port. Encirculation and ligation of the pedicle of the cystic artery and duct were carried out using laparoscopic instruments through the 5‐mm trocars, while the dissection of the gallbladder from the intrahepatic fossa was predominantly performed using a cutting device through the endoscope.ResultsA complete gallbladder excision, with complete encirculation and ligation of the pedicle, was completed in all cases. The mean operating time was 58 min (range 34—78 min). The endoscope provided a good view of the operating field, and it allowed some degree of freedom to the working laparoscopic instruments without compromising the field of view. Dissection of the gallbladder using the cutting device through the endoscope was much easier than that using the laparoscopic device, because the articulating instruments together with the endoscope enabled operation with triangulation. Furthermore, the water‐jet and suctioning functions and the self‐cleaning lens capability of the endoscope served the surgery well.ConclusionsSIMPLE cholecystectomy using the newly developed short‐type flexible endoscope is a technically feasible procedure. Using this flexible endoscope for various tasks, such as resection, suctioning, and smoke evacuation, can make the surgical procedures easier.
The Composition of Mixed Micelles Formed by Dodecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide and Benzethonium Chloride in Water
Authors: Rodríguez José L. , Minardi Rosanna M. , Schulz Erica P. , Pieroni Olga , Schulz Pablo C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe composition of the mixed micelles formed by benzethonium chloride and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in water were experimentally determined by a combination of surfactant ion‐selective electrodes and UV–Vis spectroscopy measurements. Results were compared with the computed compositions from three theories on mixed micelles available in the literature (Regular Solution, Motomura’ and Georgiev's). The basis of the Junquera and Aicart method and the determination of the micelle aggregation number (N) by pyrene fluorescence quenching, i.e., the constancy of N and the mixed micelle composition when the total concentration is changed, were not supported by our experimental results. Experimental micelle compositions were statistically equal to those computed by Regular Solution Theory. The mixed micelle composition and the quantity of non‐micellized surfactant molecules change with concentration above the critical micelle concentration, and therefore do not support the assumptions used in the Junquera and Aicart procedure and in the determination of N by pyrene fluorescence quenching. The reason why the latter procedure gives N values similar to those obtained from other techniques is discussed.
Forgetting What You Have Checked: A Link Between Working Memory Impairment and Checking Behaviors in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Jaafari N. , Frasca M. , Rigalleau F. , Rachid F. , Gil R. , Olié J.-P. , Guehl D. , Burbaud P. , Aouizerate B. , Rotgé J.-Y. , Vibert N. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundCompulsive checking behaviors are common in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Several authors have suggested that these checking rituals could be related to memory deficits. Our aim was to test whether patients with OCD show working memory impairment in relation to their checking behavior.MethodsWe evaluated the verbal and visuospatial components of patients’ and controls’ working memory using the reading span and backward location span tests. Checking behaviors were measured by recording participants’ eye movements during an image comparison task using a non-invasive, infra-red TOBII 1750 eyetracker. Participants were seated, head-free, in a natural position in front of the eyetracker screen where the images were displayed.ResultsPatients with OCD made more gaze moves to compare images than controls. Both patients’ working memory spans were reduced, and the patients’ deficit in the comparison task was negatively related to their working memory spans.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that checking behavior in OCD is linked to a general reduction of the patients’ verbal and visuospatial working memory span.
An adic dynamical system related to the Delannoy numbers
Authors: PETERSEN KARL 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe introduce an adic (Bratteli–Vershik) dynamical system based on a diagram whose path counts from the root are the Delannoy numbers. We identify the ergodic invariant measures, prove total ergodicity for each of them, and initiate the study of the dimension group and other dynamical properties.
Hospitalization of pregnant women with pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza in Canada
Authors: ROLLAND-HARRIS E. , VACHON J. , KROPP R. , FROOD J. , MORRIS K. , PELLETIER L. , RODIN R. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThis article describes the epidemiology of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza in all Canadian pregnant women admitted to hospital, and compares it with historical inter-pandemic influenza activity. We used weekly hospitalization and death counts of laboratory-confirmed pandemic A(H1N1) influenza cases reported to the Public Health Agency of Canada's (PHAC) 2009–2010 national pandemic influenza surveillance programme. Pregnant women infected and admitted with the pandemic strain were described and compared with: (1) confirmed admissions of all women of reproductive age; (2) all admitted cases reported to PHAC; and (3) to a historical average of inter-pandemic seasonal influenza admissions, and pneumonia and influenza (P&I) admissions for pregnant women. During the pandemic, 263 pregnant women with confirmed infections were admitted; four died in their third trimester. The median age for admitted pregnant cases was 27·5 years, which is consistent with the median age of the 3-year historical inter-pandemic pregnant comparison group. Aboriginal women appeared to be overrepresented but ethnicity was unavailable for 15·2% of all pregnant cases. Overall admission volumes were higher than those for seasonal influenza in the historical comparison group but were lower than those for P&I admissions. Despite increased admission volumes, severe outcomes in pregnant women were proportionally fewer than in all cases admitted for influenza A(H1N1) infection during the pandemic.
Making a Rural Movement: The Farmers’ Union's Answer to a Changing Rural World in Flanders, from the 1960s to the 1970s
Authors: BISSCHOP CHANTAL 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRecently, there has been growing interest in the emergence of rural movements in response to rapid changes in the post war countryside. However, little attention has been paid to the reaction of the old social movements to this transformation in rural society. In this paper, I concentrate on the reaction of theBoerenbond(Farmers’ Union) to the altering Flemish countryside in the 1960s and 1970s. The transformation of theBoerenbondin 1971 into a specialised agricultural organisation and a broader rural movement countered the rapid shrinking of the farm population and the strong specialising of modern farmers. Furthermore, by attracting non-farmers, theBoerenbondmaintained its support in the countryside. A farmers’ union opening up to non-farming members in a society with emerging new social movements seems progressive at first glance. But the overall prevalence of agriculture in all stages of discussions and implementation is striking. Nevertheless, the emergence of a rural movement with new socio-cultural goals within an old, corporatist and Catholic farmers’ union suggests that this is a unique case in north-western Europe.
Telepractice in Speech-Language Pathology: The Evidence, the Challenges, and the Future
Authors: Theodoros Deborah 
Published: September 2011

This article provides a review of the evidence base for telepractice in speech-language pathology, the challenges that exist, and the future directions for this field. It describes the benefits of telepractice for clients and their families and outlines the evidence currently available to support the validity and reliability of this mode of delivery in the management of adult neurogenic communication disorders (aphasia, dysarthria, apraxia of speech); voice disorders; stuttering; dysphagia; laryngectomy; and articulation, language, and literacy disorders in children. The challenges facing telepractice in speech-language pathology and the future directions for this field are discussed.Telepractice is an emerging area of service delivery in speech-language pathology that is likely to become an integral part of mainstream practice in the future. In order to achieve this, it is imperative that the profession accelerates its program of research and clinical endeavor in this area.
The Amazon, the Sources of the Nile, and Tabriz: Nadir Mirza's Tārīkh Va jughrāfi-yi dār al-salṭana-yi Tabrīz and the Local Historiography of Tabriz and Azerbaijan
Authors: Werner Christoph 
Published: September 2011

Neither this article nor the work of Nadir Mirza is primarily concerned with the Amazon or with the quest for the Nile sources. But a certain amusing curiosity aside, the fact that Nadir Mirza touches on subjects like this in a historical work on Tabriz is a clear hint that we are leaving the traditional boundaries of Iranian local historiography—and not only in the metaphorical sense.To place Nadir Mirza's history of Tabriz in a more general context is a rather difficult task. Such a context is provided of course by the longstanding tradition of Persian local and regional historiography—as treated in the present collection of articles—and particularly in connection with the late development of this genre in the nineteenth century. Local works of historiography from the Qajar period quite often defy attempts at classification according to medieval categories such as chronicles, biographical dictionaries, or adab-literature.
Estimation of left ventricular function using a novel acoustic‐based device
Authors: Radzievsky Naira , Papyan Surik , Kushnir Igal , Gat Merav , Kushnir Alon , Sagie Alex , Agmon Yoram 
Published: September 2011

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (4): 402–410AbstractBackground  We examined the feasibility of estimating left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by a novel acoustic‐based device [vibration response imaging (VRI); Deep Breeze].Methods  One hundred and forty‐one subjects (117 patients and 24 healthy volunteers; age 55 ± 15 years, 82% men) were examined by both VRI and echocardiography. LVEF was determined by echocardiography (echo‐LVEF) using the biplane Simpson’s method. Low‐frequency acoustic signals (10–70 Hz) were recorded by VRI from the left posterior thorax by a matrix of 36 microphones during 8 s of breath holding, and an electrocardiogram was recorded simultaneously. The acoustic signals were processed digitally, and an algorithm designed to estimate LVEF was developed (VRI‐LVEF), based on a combination of multiple acoustic (systolic and diastolic acoustic signals, beat‐to‐beat variability of acoustic signals and propagation of acoustic signals throughout the matrix), electrocardiographic and clinical parameters.Results  Mean echo‐LVEF was 51 ± 15% (range, 11–76%). Echo‐LVEF was reduced (< 50%) in 55 subjects (39%) and severely reduced (< 35%) in 28 subjects (20%). VRI‐LVEF calculated by a multivariate algorithm correlated significantly with echo‐LVEF (R2 = 0·59; P < 0·001). VRI‐LVEF accurately predicted the presence of reduced (< 50%) or severely reduced (< 35%) echo‐LVEF, with sensitivities of 84% and 82%, specificities of 86% and 91%, positive predictive values of 79% and 70% and negative predictive values of 89% and 95%, respectively.Conclusions  LVEF can be estimated using a novel acoustic‐based device. This device may assist in triage of patients according to LVEF prior to definitive assessment of LVEF by echocardiography.
Proinflammatory cytokines during the initial phase of oral mucositis in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: MORALES‐ROJAS THAIS , VIERA NINOSKA , MORÓN‐MEDINA ALEJANDRA , ÁLVAREZ CARMEN JULIA , ÁLVAREZ ALEJANDRA 
Published: September 2011

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; 22: 191–196Objective.  The aim of the study was to compare the production of proinflammatory cytokines during the initial phase of mucositis in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.Methods.  A randomized, controlled clinical trial was carried out. Cytokine levels were determined in blood and saliva using ELISA, three times after the administration of methotrexate and only once in the control group.Results.  Comparison of the results showed significant differences for IL‐6 and TNF‐α in blood and IL‐6 in saliva.Conclusion.  It would seem that 96 h is an ideal time for determining the parameters evaluated both in blood and in saliva.