bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstracts: Reduction‐induced surface modification of human hair
Authors: Kamath Y. K. , Ruetsch S. B. 
Published: September 2010

pp. 1–12 A microfluorometric method has been developed to characterize lipid removal or ‘delipidation’ of the human hair cuticula during light exposure and chemical grooming processes such as oxidation (bleaching) and reduction. In the case of photochemical and chemical oxidation, lipid removal (‘delipidation’ of the F‐layer or lipid‐layer) from the outer‐layer of the exposed scale faces and generation of cysteic acid groups occurs. This ‘delipidation,’ which ultimately results in ‘acidification’ of the scale faces, leading to a change in surface chemistry from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, can be detected and quantified by microfluorometry by tagging, e.g. with the cationic fluorochrome Rhodamine B. In the case of reduction, similar tagging of the acid sites on the scale faces is possible, but this time, Rhodamine B reacts with the mixed disulfide containing a carboxyl group that will be ionized above a pH of about 4. In addition to this, we have shown by microfluorometric scanning that the negative charges generated in the cuticle surface can be used to bind low‐molecular‐weight quaternary conditioners. This process can be considered as ‘relipidation’ or ‘refatting of the scale faces. We have shown in earlier studies (1) that this entire process of oxidation‐induced ‘delipidation’ and subsequent ‘relipidation’ of the acidic scale faces with a cationic conditioning molecule can also be reliably quantified by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, single‐fiber wettability scanning using the Wilhelmy technique, which is highly sensitive to any changes in surface chemistry, is well‐suited to detect and characterize treatment‐induced changes in the chemical nature of the hair surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic.
Abstracts: Natural moisturizing factors in the stratum corneum II. Regeneration of NMF over time after soaking
Authors: Robinson M. , Visscher M. , Laruffa A. , Wickett R. 
Published: September 2010

pp. 23–29 The detrimental effects of prolonged water exposure on skin are well known. Information on the effects of short‐term exposure, e.g. during bathing, showering, and hand washing, on Natural moisturizing factors (NMF) levels is limited. In an attempt to isolate the effects of soaking on the NMF, a time course for skin sample collection was devised in which adhesive tapes were applied 0.5 and 4 h after soaking of the treated arm. Significant decreases in NMF levels, quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of serial tape strips, were observed 0.5 h after soaking, with a replacement of NMF occurring by the four‐hour mark. This replacement corresponds to a parallel rebound in skin pH also observed at these times. Stratum corneum (SC) hydration values, measured instrumentally as the rate of moisture accumulation (MAT), however, were depressed 0.5 h post‐soaking and remained low 4 h later. In addition, significant increases in skin pH were observed during the immediate post‐soak period. These findings suggest that short‐term exposure to water alone produces significant changes in the SC.
Abstracts: Polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene dimethyl ether improves the structure of intercellular lipids in SDS‐induced dry skin
Authors: Yagi E. , Ohmori T. , Sakamoto K. 
Published: September 2010

pp. 39–48 The dimethyl ether of an amphiphilic random ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymer (EPDME) is useful for the preparation of finely dispersed micro‐emulsions. We examined whether EPDME is effective for skin moisturization by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of ex vivo specimens of stratum corneum (SC) obtained by successive stripping. The values of the order parameter S obtained by EPR measurement indicated that EPDME treatment improved sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐induced disruption of SC lipid structures. This effect appeared to be related to improved hydration of the epidermis, not occlusion by EPDME, since there was no significant change in transepidermal water loss (TEWL).
Abstracts: Ultra low viscosity emulsion with high tolerance for electrolytes
Authors: Ozawa Y. , Konno Y. , Naito N. 
Published: September 2010

pp.34–40 Among many useful functions of modern skin‐care products, moisturizing effect is the most fundamental and important. The ‘moisture‐balance concept’ which emphasizes the balance of lipid, Natural Moisturizing Factors (NMFs) and water is a key to improving skin condition. Many skin‐care products incorporating lipid and NMF have appeared on the market. However, since NMFs are electrolytes, their presence tends to cause lipid droplets to aggregate and seriously compromise the emulsion stability. Consequently, it has been practically impossible to incorporate both NMFs and lipids into ultra low viscosity products such as toning lotions, which limits their applications. We investigated certain biogenic materials capable of emulsifying lipid in vivo in the presence of electrolytes, including lecithins which have a high affinity for human skin. Our results showed that lysolecithin has high tolerance for electrolytes and high affinity for skin. We developed a novel emulsification technology using lysolecithin. Moreover, we successfully prepared a toning lotion, ‘Biomimetic Moisturizer,’ incorporating both lipids and NMFs, using this technology, and demonstrated its high moisturizing effect and efficacy in improving skin condition.
Abstracts: New viewpoints on the color differences between upper and lower lips and proposed makeup procedure
Authors: Kugimiya M. , Tanabe Y. , Hibi H. , Kumagai S. 
Published: September 2010

pp.41–47 Generally, the color of a lip is affected by the amount of hemoglobin and melanin. Further, the lip is medically considered to have two parts, i.e., skin and mucous derived ones. In particular, capillaries of the mucous derived lip are located near its surface so it makes the lip look redder. It is reported that the lip gets dull as capillary condition changes with age. However, those reports have not referred to the color differences between upper and lower lips. In this work, first we evaluated the color of upper and lower lips and confirmed that the latter was redder in any generation. Then we evaluated how the difference in color between upper and lower lips gave impact to the visual effects by changing their colors. Then, we found that the color difference between upper and lower lips gave a great impact to their impression. As a result, it was found that when the color of upper and lower lips was made the same, it gave a natural, young and healthy impression. Formulation of MgTube in the lipstick was found effective to actually adjust the color of upper and lower lips. Further in the case of sheer lipstick, a combination of MgTube and pearlescent pigments was effective. By using these findings, we could develop a new makeup procedure.
Abstracts: In vitro/in vivo and analytical evaluation of sunless tanning formulations containing different rheology modifiers
Authors: Dueva‐Koganov O. V. , Mandalia Y. , Brito J. , Rocafort C. , Orofino S. , Vazquez G. 
Published: September 2010

pp. 73–83 In vitro data suggest that different in vivo performances are expected for two dihydroxyacetone (DHA)‐containing formulations with similar concentrations of DHA and excipients but different commercially available rheology modifiers: one with a cationic polymer‐based rheology modifier (blend) [dimethylacrylamide/ethyltrimonium chloride methacrylate copolymer (and) propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate (and) PPG‐1 trideceth‐6 (and) C10‐11 isoparaffin]; and the other with a polyacrylamide‐based rheology modifier (blend) [polyacrylamide (and) C13‐14 isoparaffin (and) laureth‐7]. Both rheology modifiers (blends) contained comparable levels of polymers and were used at 3% w/w (as supplied). Differences in color development were illustrated in vitro with respect to the yellow/red and lightness/chroma parameters, which were confirmed in the followup in vivo studies. The test article with the cationic polymer‐based rheology modifier produced a more natural sunless tan, comparable to a desirable sun‐induced tan, for all panelists, one that was more uniform and lasted longer compared with the sunless tan generated by the test article with the polyacrylamide‐based rheology modifier. A method for HPLC analysis of DHA in sunless tanning formulations was established and utilized to confirm concentrations of DHA in test articles.
The effects of aging on nostalgia in consumers' advertisement processing
Authors: KUSUMI TAKASHI , MATSUDA KEN , SUGIMORI ERIKO 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe investigated the triggers and functions of nostalgia in consumers' processing of television advertisements in relation to aging. Study 1 explored the contents and triggers of nostalgic experiences by requesting 451 undergraduates to write four different nostalgic descriptions (of scenes, songs, events, and commercials). An analysis of the descriptions using text mining revealed that nostalgic reactions occur in response to events that had been frequently repeated in the past and were separated from the present by a long time interval. Study 2 explored the functions of nostalgia among 737 consumers (15–65 years old) using a survey. Structural equation modeling revealed five steps in the processing of nostalgic advertisements. Aging facilitates a predisposition toward nostalgia. Highly nostalgic consumers are more sensitive to nostalgic triggers. Nostalgic triggers facilitate the retrieval of past events and memorization of advertisements that evoke familiarity and positive attitudes, which, in turn, facilitates the intention to purchase. Nostalgic predispositions and sensitivity to nostalgic triggers increase with age. This tendency was higher among men than among women. We proposed a model of nostalgia based on frequent repetition in the past and a long time‐lag between the nostalgia‐inducing event and the present.
Studies on ‘usual’ and ‘atypical’ serum cholinesterase using α‐naphthyl acetate as substrate
Authors: BAMFORD K. F. , HARRIS H. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryEstimates of the Michaelis constants for usual5 and ‘atypical’ serum cholinesterase with α‐naphthyl acetate as substrate were obtained. Expressed as m‐moles α‐naphthyl acetate per litre the values were: ‘usual’ enzyme 0‐76 + 0‐056, ‘atypical’ enzyme 0‐58 + 0‐057.The inhibition of the activity of the two enzymes by dibucaine, RO 2‐0683, and fluoride was also examined using α‐naphthyl acetate as substrate. It was found that, in the appropriate concentration range, the ‘usual’ enzyme was inhibited to a much greater degree than the ‘atypical’ enzyme by dibucaine and RO 2‐0683. With fluoride, however, the difference, though significant, was much less marked.The findings are compared with similar data obtained when choline esters were used as substrates for the enzymes, and are considered in terms of the hypothesis that a structural difference at the ‘anionic’ site is the cause of the difference in the properties of the two enzymes.
FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION AND THE ARTERIES OF THE PLACENTAL BED
Authors: Brosens I. , Dixon H. G. , Robertson W. B. 
Published: September 2010

summaryThe morphology of the placental bed spiral arteries was studied in 68 pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation and in 40 pregnancies with a normally grown fetus. When the birth weight was normal the extent and depth of physiological vascular changes were normal except in those pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. When the birth weight was low and the mothers were normotensive the extent and depth of physiological vascular changes were either normal or restricted, and in all patients with hypertension and a baby with low birth weight the physiological changes were restricted to the decidual segments of the spiral (uteroplacental) arteries. Acute atherosis was only found in pregnancies complicated by hypertension, particularly if there was proteinuria. We do not believe that there exists an arteriopathy which is common to hypertensive and normotensive pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation.
THE BACTERIOLOGY OF THE CERVIX AND UTERUS
Authors: Sparks R. A. , Furrier B. G. A. , Watt P. J. , Elstein M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryFifty hysterectomy specimens were studied by a multiple biopsy technique to determine the normal bacteriological flora of the uterine cavity and cervical canal. All the uterine cavities and 23 of the cervical canals were sterile. The lower half of the other 27 cervical canals contained organisms similar to those found in the vaginal vault.
Maternal mortality and serious maternal morbidity in Jehovah’s witnesses in the Netherlands
Authors: Van Wolfswinkel ME , Zwart JJ , Schutte JM , Duvekot JJ , Pel M , Van Roosmalen J 
Published: September 2010

Objective  To determine the risk of maternal mortality and serious maternal morbidity because of major obstetric haemorrhage in Jehovah’s witnesses in the Netherlands.Design  A retrospective study of case notes.Setting  All tertiary care centres, general teaching hospitals and other general hospitals in the Netherlands.Sample  All cases of maternal mortality in the Netherlands between 1983 and 2006 and all cases of serious maternal morbidity in the Netherlands between 2004 and 2006.Methods  Study of case notes using two different nationwide enquiries over two different time periods.Main outcome measures  Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and risk of serious maternal mortality.Results  The MMR for Jehovah’s witnesses was 68 per 100 000 live births. We found a risk of 14 per 1000 for Jehovah’s witnesses to experience serious maternal morbidity because of obstetric haemorrhage while the risk for the total pregnant population was 4.5 per 1000.Conclusions  Women who are Jehovah’s witnesses are at a six times increased risk for maternal death, at a 130 times increased risk for maternal death because of major obstetric haemorrhage and at a 3.1 times increased risk for serious maternal morbidity because of obstetric haemorrhage, compared to the general Dutch population.
Laparoscopic hysteropexy: the initial results of a uterine suspension procedure for uterovaginal prolapse
Authors: Price N , Slack A , Jackson SR 
Published: September 2010

Objective  The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of laparoscopic hysteropexy, a surgical technique for the management of uterine prolapse, involving suspension of the uterus from the sacral promontory using bifurcated polypropylene mesh.Design  The investigation was designed as a prospective observational study (clinical audit).Setting  The study was undertaken at a tertiary referral urogynaecology unit in the UK.Population  The participants comprised 51 consecutive women with uterovaginal prolapse, who chose laparoscopic hysteropexy as one of the available surgical options.Methods  The hysteropexy was conducted laparoscopically in all cases. A bifurcated polypropylene mesh was used to suspend the uterus from the sacral promontory. The two arms of the mesh were introduced through bilateral windows created in the broad ligaments, and were sutured to the anterior cervix; the mesh was then fixed to the anterior longitudinal ligament over the sacral promontory, to elevate the uterus.Main outcome measures  Cure of the uterine prolapse was evaluated subjectively using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire for vaginal symptoms (ICIQ‐VS), and objectively by vaginal examination using the Baden–Walker halfway system and the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP‐Q) scale. Operative and postoperative complications were also assessed.Results  The mean age of the 51 women was 52.5 years (range 19–71 years). All were sexually active, and at least three of them expressed a strong desire to have children in the future. All were available for follow‐up in clinic at 10 weeks, and 38 have completed the questionnaires. In 50 out of 51 women the procedure was successful, with no objective evidence of uterine prolapse on examination at follow‐up; there was one failure. Significant subjective improvements in prolapse symptoms, sexual wellbeing and related quality of life were observed, as detected by substantial reductions in the respective questionnaire scores.Conclusions  Laparoscopic hysteropexy is both a feasible and an effective procedure for correcting uterine prolapse without recourse to hysterectomy. It allows restoration of the length of the vagina without compromising its calibre, and is therefore likely to have a favourable functional outcome.
Original Contribution: Photodynamic therapy in the management of acne: an update
Authors: Elsaie Mohamed L , Choudhary Sonal 
Published: September 2010

SummaryAcne, one of the most common dermatological diseases, is characterized by inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions that may progress to scars. Starting from pubertal age groups, it can affect adults in the age group 35–40 or more. The conventional therapies for treatment of acne are facing roadblocks because of the antibiotic resistance developing against Propionibacterium acnes. This has led to trying new therapies, of which photodynamic therapy (PDT) seems to be the one under intensive study. Promising results have been observed with PDT use in acne treatment, but it still has some more way to go to acquire the FDA approval for use in acne treatment. This is a review of the literature of use of PDT in treatment of acne, providing a starting point for dermatologists seeking to treat their patients with acne safely and effectively with this new method.
Original Contribution: Hyperandrogenism does not predispose patients to photoepilatory treatment failure: a single‐center review
Authors: Taylor Marisa , Gonzalez Maria 
Published: September 2010

SummaryStudies have suggested that patients with PCOS tend to be more treatment resistant to light‐mediated depilation compared with their non‐PCOS counterparts. We conducted a retrospective assessment of 29 hirsute patients treated between January 2006 and February 2007 to assess whether those with unsatisfactory hair clearance after treatment with intense pulsed light (IPL) were predominantly hyperandrogenic. The number of IPL sessions was also recorded for those patients failing to improve on treatment. Seventy‐six percent had satisfactory hair clearance where hyperandrogenic patients dominated. All patients required an average of six treatments before discharge. Eighty‐eight percent of poor responders were normoandrogenic. Our hyperandrogenic cohort appeared more responsive to IPL than the normoandrogenic patients. From our observations, the presence of hyperandrogenism does not indicate treatment resistance. This standpoint is unique and warrants a randomized trial directly comparing the two groups to investigate whether a positive or negative relationship actually exists.
Research Letter: Risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation with Fern pattern technique in injecting hyaluronic acid gel
Authors: Noh Seongmin , Lee Sang Ju , Roh Mi Ryung 
Published: September 2010

SummaryFern pattern technique refers to a novel technique to inject acids gels in the dermis for optimal correction of dynamic facial lines. Although it has been proposed to show good results in correcting dynamic facial lines, it may result in higher risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) since this technique requires multiple needle puncture for injection. We present a patient who showed PIH after injection of hyaluronic acid gel with this technique which made the facial lines more visibly apparent.
Research Letter: Lactic acid peeling in superficial acne scarring in Indian skin
Authors: Sachdeva Silonie 
Published: September 2010

SummaryIntroduction  Chemical peeling with both alpha and beta hydroxy acids has been used to improve acne scarring with pigmentation. Lactic acid, a mild alpha hydroxy acid, has been used in the treatment of various dermatological indications but no study is reported in acne scarring with pigmentation.Aims  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of full strength pure lactic acid 92% (pH 2.0) chemical peel in superficial acne scarring in Indian skin.Material and Methods  Seven patients, Fitzpatrick skin type IV‐V, in age group 20–30 years with superficial acne scarring were enrolled in the study. Chemical peeling was done with lactic acid at an interval of 2 weeks to a maximum of four peels. Pre‐ and post‐peel clinical photographs were taken at every session. Patients were followed every month for 3 months after the last peel to evaluate the effects.Results  At the end of 3 months, there was definite improvement in the texture, pigmentation, and appearance of the treated skin, with lightening of scars. Significant improvement (greater than 75% clearance of lesions) occurred in one patient (14.28%), good improvement (51–75% clearance) in three patients (42.84%), moderate improvement (26–50% clearance) in two patients (28.57%), and mild improvement (1–25% clearance) in one patient (14.28%).
Mechanisms of insulin resistance in cancer associated malnutrition
Authors: Bennegård Klas , Lundgren Fredrik , Lundholm Kent 
Published: September 2010

Summary. This study has evaluated insulin resistance under steady‐state conditions using the glucose clamp technique. Euglycaemic clamp investigations were conducted at 4–5 different insulin levels (70–1600 mUl‐1) in five malnourished cancer patients, four well‐nourished Intensive Care Unit patients (ICU) and 11 well‐nourished individuals. Whole body uptake of glucose was measured. In three cancer patients the flux of glucose across the leg was measured.Cancer patients had significantly reduced fasting insulin concentrations, while ICU patients had increased levels compared to controls. The fasting levels of glucose did not differ among the groups. Both insulin sensitivity and responsiveness were reduced by 50% in cancer and ICU patients. At insulin levels of 200–250 mUl‐1, approximately 80% of the whole body glucose uptake could be accounted for by the peripheral tissues.This study confirms that insulin resistance is a significant metabolic alteration in cancer associated malnutrition. The results demonstrate both decreased insulin sensitivity and responsiveness.
Re‐Forging the ‘Age of Iron’ Part II: The Tenth Century in a New Age?
Authors: Howe John 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe tenth century, once dismissed as an unpleasant ‘Age of Iron’, now receives increased attention as an important age of transition. Historians are attempting to understand how it fits into the broader narrative of Western Civilization. Although some scholars have identified it as the last act of the post‐Roman world, others see it as a new age. Perhaps the High Middle Ages with its agricultural and demographic revolution, its new villages and parishes, its revived cities, its reformed churches and schools, and its medieval monarchs began in the tenth century? Or were those changes not novelties of the tenth century but rather manifestations of a ‘take off’ that had already begun back in the Carolingian Empire, and which, despite the problems posed by late Carolingian wars and invasions, was able to continue, spread, and blossom into the growth and prosperity of the High Middle Ages? New scholarly interest in the tenth century has made it much less of a ‘dark age’, but scholars still are not quite certain how to conceptualize its historical significance.