bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic approach for determination of urinary nucleosides as potential tumor markers using electromigration techniques
Authors: Markuszewski Michal J. , Struck Wiktoria , Waszczuk‐Jankowska Malgorzata , Kaliszan Roman 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the postgenome‐sequencing era, several large projects have been running recently. Proteomics and other analysis or structural biology are the most active today. Since the late 1990s, metabolomics has been gaining importance in systems biology, as it provides real‐world end points that complement and help in the interpretation of genomic and proteomic data. Comprehensive information about the level changes of numerous metabolites present in the analyzed samples is essential in metabolomic studies. Therefore, the applied analytical techniques must be suitable for the simultaneous analysis of a diverse range of low‐molecular‐mass endogenous metabolites such as nucleosides at various concentrations and in different matrices, in particular, in urine and serum. In the view of metabolomic study, this domain is obviously significant to understand specific humans' reactions and it can be perceived as a diagnostic and predictive tool in pathological reactions. Since the term “metabolom” has occurred in common scientific use, there have been many publications about possible ways of analysis of nucleosides as metabolites of either oxidative DNA damage or RNA's turnover that are used as the potential tumor markers. Besides, the availability of fast, reproducible and easy to apply analytical techniques that would allow the identification of a large number of metabolites is highly desirable since they may provide detailed information about the progression of a pathological process. This paper, which describes the most relevant electromigration techniques, covers the period starting from the review of Karl H. Schram (Mass Spectrom. Rev. 1998, 17, 131–251) up to the beginning of 2009.
Effect of light supply and carbon source on cell growth and cellular composition of a newly isolated microalga Chlorella vulgaris ESP‐31
Authors: Yeh Kuei‐Ling , Chang Jo‐Shu , chen Wen‐ming 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLight supply is one of the most important factors affecting autotrophic growth of microalgae. This study investigated the effect of the type and light intensity of artificial light sources on the cell growth of an indigenous microalga Chlorella vulgaris ESP‐31 obtained from southern Taiwan. In addition, a dissolved inorganic carbon source (i.e. sodium bicarbonate) was used to improve the biomass production of strain ESP‐31. The results show that a new fluorescent light source (TL5) was effective in indoor cultivation of microalgae. Better overall productivity of 0.029 g dry cell weight/L‐d was obtained when using TL5 lamps as the light source with a light intensity of 9 W/m2. A carbon source (sodium bicarbonate) concentration of 1000 mg/L was found to be optimal for the growth of strain ESP‐31 in terms of both biomass production and carbon source utilization. Under the optimal growth conditions, the resulting microalgal biomass consisted of 25–30% protein, 6–10% carbohydrate, and 30–40% lipid.
Development of emulsion from rhizobial fermented starch industry wastewater for application as Medicago sativa seed coat
Authors: John Rojan Pappy , Tyagi Rajeshwar Dayal , Brar Satinder Kaur , Prévost Danielle 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStarch industry wastewater was efficiently employed for the production of Sinorhizobium meliloti and the concentrated culture was used for the development of a biofertilizer formulation. Tween‐80 (0.02 g/L) acted as the best emulsifier for a Sinorhizobium–canola oil emulsion. The stability of the emulsion and survival of the organism was enhanced by supplementation of xanthan gum at pH 8. The refrigerated condition was most favorable for stability and survival of the microorganism. The survival of microorganism at 4±1°C was 2.78×1010 and 2.01×1010 CFU (colony forming unit)/mL on storage for 1 and 2 months, respectively. The values were higher than the prescribed cell count (×103 CFU/mL) for field application. At 40°C, the survival of bacteria reduced from 3×1010 CFU/mL to 8.1×109 and 8.8×106 CFU/mL in 1 and 2 months, respectively. Emulsion‐coated seed was incubated at different temperatures and a cell count of 105 CFU/seed was observed after 2 months of storage at 4°C, which was equal to the highest level of the described requirement (103–105 CFU/seed). Emulsion supplemented with xanthan gum improved the shelf‐life under optimized conditions (Sinorhizobium concentrate – canola oil (1:1) emulsion with 0.02 g/L Tween‐80; storage at pH 8 and temperature 4±1°C) and this emulsion with the required cell count and prolonged viability was used for the pre‐inoculation of seed or for in situ soil application.
Green‐MAC‐LCCP©: Life‐cycle climate performance metric for mobile air conditioning technology choice
Authors: Papasavva Stella , Andersen Stephen O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMost refrigerants used today are potent chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), greenhouse gases (GHG) that can contribute significantly to anthropogenic climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion. In a business‐as‐usual scenario, HFC emissions in 2050 have been predicted to be equivalent to 9–19% (CO2‐eq. basis) of projected global CO2 emissions. This percentage increases to 28–45% if projected CO2 emissions result in a 450‐ppm CO2 stabilization scenario. Half of current direct HFC emissions are from mobile air conditioning (MAC) and alternative refrigerants with lower global warming potential (GWP) should have higher energy efficiency. The European f‐Gas Directive phases out the use of refrigerants with GWP > 150, including HFC‐134a (GWP = 1430) from MACs by 2017. Life‐Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) identifies environmentally superior technology to minimize GHG emissions from refrigeration and air conditioning applications. The comprehensive LCCP model, GREEN‐MAC‐LCCP© focuses on the current choice among alternative refrigerants that meet the f‐Gas requirement starting in 2011. Using GREEN‐MAC‐LCCP© we estimate that the current MAC technology based on HFC‐134a refrigerant demands additional fuel during vehicle A/C operation in the: USA by 7%, in the EU by 7%, in Japan by 9%, in India by 15–20%, and in China by 7–10% depending on the humidity. We compare these data with the projected LCCP CO2‐eq. savings by the year 2017 when HFC‐134a will be replaced by a low GWP alternative (GWP < 150) according to the f‐Gas rule. We find that refrigerant HFO‐1234yf has the potential to reduce global LCCP CO2‐eq. greenhouse gas emissions by about 7% in 2017, whereas greenhouse gas emissions from air conditioning systems using R‐744 (carbon dioxide) refrigerants are estimated to be about 2% greater, compared to the current HFC‐134a MAC baseline systems. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Chimairoidoxylon conspicuum sp. nova, ein neues fossiles Holz der Formgattung Chimairoidoxylon SÜSS & VELITZELOS emend. SüSS, mit einer übersicht über das Vorkommen fossiler Hölzer auf der Insel Lesbos, Griechenland
Authors: Süss H. , Veitzelos E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Gattung Chimairoidoxylon SÜSS & VELITZELOS wird verändert, neun fossile Holzreste aus dem Versteinerten Wald von Lesbos untersucht und als Chimairoidoxylon conspicuum sp. nova beschrieben sowie über das Vorkommen tertiärer Holzarten auf der Insel Lesbos (Griechenland) berichtet.
Introgression und morphologische Variabilität bei der Blauen Himmelsleiter, Polemonium caeruleum L. in Nordbayern, Deutschland
Authors: Feulner M. , Möseler B. M. , Nezadal W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolemonium caeruleum L. kommt in Nordbayern mit einigen wenigen, weit voneinander entfernten und hinsichtlich ihrer Größe stark unterschiedlichen Populationen im Mittleren Fränkischen Jura, im Oberpfälzer Wald und im Fichtelgebirge vor. Nach HULTÉN (1971) gibt es im Gebiet der mitteleuropäischen Hochgebirge Polemonium caeruleum‐Sippen mit ciliiertem Kronblattrand, die Zwischenformen aus Polemonium caeruleum und dem arktisch‐circumpolar verbreiteten Polemonium acutiflorum WILLD. ex ROEM. & SCHULT. sind. In nordbayerischen Polemonium‐Populationen wurde das Merkmal Bewimperung (Ciliierung) des Kronblattrandes dokumentiert, welches für weiter nordisch bzw. östlich verbreitete Arten wie P. acutiflorum oder P. campanulatum (TH.FR.) H.LINDB. typisch ist. Dies weist darauf hin, dass bei der nordbayerischen Polemonium‐Sippe, deren Autochthonie durch Pollenfunde belegt ist (vgl. KNIPPING 1989), wie bei den Pflanzen der mitteleuropäischen Hochgebirge Introgression stattgefunden haben muss. Weiterhin wurde bei den nordbayerischen Polemonium caeruleum‐Populationen eine hohe Intra‐ und Interpopulationsvariabilität bei Kelch‐ und Kronlänge, Petalenform und Häufigkeit von Pflanzen mit ciliierten Petalen dokumentiert. Die starke Intrasowie Interpopulationsvariabilität bezüglich der Merkmale steht mit Populationseigenschaften wie Populationsgröße und Auftreten von geographischer Isolation im Zusammenhang.
Dryopteris x brathaica FRASER‐JENKINS & T.REICHSTEIN (Englischer Wurmfarn; Dryopteridaceae, Pteridophyta) in Deutschland
Authors: Krause S. , Hachtel M. , Bennert H. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBei Farnstudien an Material aus dem Rheinischen Herbar in Bonn wurde ein Beleg entdeckt, der als Aspidium x remotum bestimmt worden war und zu einer von ALEXANDER BRAUN 1859 im Aachener Stadtwald gefundenen Einzelpflanze gehört. Auf diesen Fund von ALEXANDER BRAUN gehen alle Literaturangaben über das (vermeintliche) Vorkommen von Dryopteris remota bei Aachen zurück. Da der Beleg auffällige Ähnlichkeiten zu Dryopteris x brathaica (= D. carthusiana x D. filix‐mas) zeigt, wurde mit Hilfe makro‐ und mikromorphologischer Methoden die taxonomische Identität dieses Beleges überprüft. Dabei wurde Material von den beiden einzigen bisher bekannten und cytologisch geprüften Pflanzen von Dryopteris x brathaica sowie neun verschiedene Herkünfte von D. remota miteinander verglichen und folgende Parameter analysiert: Wedel‐ und Fiederlängen, Spreuschuppenmerkmale, Sporenbeschaffenheit, Drüsendichte und Stomatalänge. Bereits bestimmte Einzelmerkmale, vor allem die Sporenbeschaffenheit (Sporen abortiert oder normal ausgebildet) und die Ansatzstelle der Spreuschuppen (dunkel oder hell gefärbt) lieferten Hinweise auf das Vorliegen von D. x brathaica. Bei der Bewertung aller untersuchten Merkmale mit Hilfe der Clusteranalyse ließ sich unsere Diagnose eindeutig bestätigen. Dies ist der erste Nachweis von D. x brathaica für Mitteleuropa; bisher war diese Hybride in nur je einem Exemplar aus England und Frankreich bekannt.
The orophilous communities of the Pino‐Juniperetea class in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean area
Authors: Brullo S. , Giusso del Galdo G. , Guarino R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOrophilous plant communities of the Pino‐Juniperetea class, occurring in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean area, are examined. This vegetation is characterized by the dominance of trees and shrubs, mostly represented by conifers belonging to the genera Juniperus, Abies and Pinus. These communities are nowadays relegated to the supra‐ and oromediterranean belt, and show a fragmentary distribution, which is an evident proof of their relict connotation. The comparison among these communities, based on original and literature data, has highlighted a remarkable floristic and structural homogeneity, together with a series of geographical vicariances. From the phytosociological point of view, this justifies the arrangement of the aforesaid communities in the class Pino‐Juniperetea RIVAS‐MARTÍNEZ 1964, whose range is therefore extended to the whole Mediterranean basin. In the Central and Eastern Mediterranean area, the class is represented by the order Juniperetalia hemisphaericae, which comprises two new alliances: Berberidion aetnensis, restricted to the Central Mediterranean area, and Berberido creticae‐Juniperion foetidissimae, distributed in the Eastern Mediterranean area. Both of them have been on its turn split up in some suballiances, to emphasize the floristic autonomy of some well‐defined phytogeographical districts. The identified associations, many of them new to science, are examined from the nomenclatural, floristical, ecological, structural and chorological point of view. New groups described pp. 265 ff.
The center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES‐D) is an adequate screening instrument for depressive and anxiety disorders in a very old population living in residential homes
Authors: Dozeman Els , van Schaik Digna J. F. , van Marwijk Harm W. J. , Stek Max L. , van der Horst Henriette E. , Beekman Aartjan T. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe CES‐D is an instrument that is commonly used to screen for depression in community‐based studies of the elderly, but the characteristics of the CES‐D in a residential home population have not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the criterion validity and the predictive power of the CES‐D for both depressive and anxiety disorders in a vulnerable, very old population living in residential homes.MethodsTwo hundred seventy seven residents were screened with the CES‐D, and subsequently interviewed with a diagnostic instrument, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Instrument (MINI). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of the CES‐D were calculated by cross‐tabulation at different cut‐off scores. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves were used to assess the optimal cut‐off point for each disorder and to asses the predictive power of the instrument.ResultsIn a residential home population the CES‐D had satisfactory criterion validity for depressive disorders and for any combination of depressive and/or anxiety disorders. With a desired sensitivity of at least 80%, the optimal cut‐off scores varied between 18 and 22. The predictive power of the CES‐D in this population was best for major depression and dysthymia (Area Under the Curve, AUC 0.87), closely followed by the score for any combination of depressive and/or anxiety disorder (AUC 0.86).ConclusionThe use of one single instrument to screen for both depression and anxiety disorders at the same time has obvious advantages in this very old population. The CES‐D seems to be a suitable instrument for this purpose. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are services delivered by community health centers more cost‐effective? Evidence from urban China
Authors: Jiang Hongli , Chen Wen , Bi Kangning , Ying Xiaohua 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChina has introduced a system of community health centers (CHCs) to provide primary care. To test whether services provided by such centers are more cost‐effective than treatment at local higher‐level hospitals, the study compared health outcomes and expenditures for patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in three cities. We hypothesized that treating patients in stable condition at CHCs is less costly than providing treatment in higher‐level hospitals with no differences in health outcomes. Results indicate that daily drug and other medical expenditures were consistently equal or lower for patients seeking treatment in CHCs than for those treated in hospitals. Patients also saved time by visiting CHCs. Health outcomes, measured as mean arterial pressure for hypertension and plasma glucose for diabetes, were similar for patients seeking treatment in CHCs and hospitals in most cases. Results suggest that CHCs are more cost‐effective than hospitals in treating chronic diseases. Findings may also indicate that those patients seeking care at hospitals have more serious – and therefore more expensive and time‐consuming – conditions. Further empirical research is needed to clarify these results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Rural Mutual Health Care on outpatient service utilization in Chinese village medical institutions: evidence from panel data
Authors: Zhou Zhongliang , Gao Jianmin , Xue Qinxiang , Yang Xiaowei , Yan Ju'e 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTo solve the problem of ‘Kan bing nan, kan bing gui’ (medical treatment is difficult to access and expensive), a Harvard‐led research team implemented a community‐based health insurance scheme known as Rural Mutual Health Care (RMHC) in Chinese rural areas from 2004 to 2006. Two major policies adopted by RMHC included insurance coverage of outpatient services (demand‐side policy) and drug policy (supply‐side policy). This paper focuses on the effects of these two policies on outpatient service utilization in Chinese village clinics. The data used in this study are from 3‐year household follow‐up surveys. A generalized negative binomial regression model and a Heckman selection model were constructed using panel data from 2005 to 2007. The results indicate that the price elasticities of demand for outpatient visits and per‐visit outpatient expenses were −1.5 and −0.553, respectively. After implementing the supply‐side policy, outpatient visits and per‐visit outpatient expenses decreased by 94.7 and 55.9%, respectively, controlling for insurance coverage. These findings can be used to make recommendations to the Chinese government on improving the health care system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Routes of entry of squamous cell carcinoma to the mandible
Authors: McGregor Alan D. , MacDonald D. Gordon 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA recent preliminary report of a study to determine the patterns of invasion of squamous cell carcinoma to the nonirradiated edentulous mandible indicated that tumor entered mainly through the residual alveolar occlusal ridge.1 This study has now been extended and includes both nonirradiated and irradiated mandibles. Of a total of 46 nonirradiated mandibles (10 partially dentate and 36 edentulous) invaded by tumor, 41 were invaded through the occlusal surface. This confirms the findings of the preliminary report. These findings indicate that there is a rational basis on pathologic grounds for adopting a conservative approach to the nonirradiated mandible. In 16 irradiated mandibles, the routes of tumor entry were found to be much more variable than in the nonirradiated mandible, and multiple foci of tumor invasion of the bone were often present wherever tumor in adjacent soft tissues approached the bone. This variability of tumor entry means that a conservative approach to mandibular excision cannot be pursued in the previously irradiated mandible and full‐thickness segmental resection is necessary if bone involvement appears likely.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with radiotherapy: Does planned neck dissection reduce the chance for successful surgical management of subsequent local recurrence?
Authors: Mendenhall William M. , Parsons James T. , Amdur Robert J. , Cassisi Nicholas J. , Million Rodney R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck whose primary lesion is managed with radiotherapy, radiotherapy alone or in combination with neck dissection may be used to treat clinically positive neck nodes. Although these two treatment options produce similar control rates for small mobile nodes, it is our impression that radiotherapy plus neck dissection is the preferred treatment for more advanced neck disease. The question that arises is whether the addition of a neck dissection after radiotherapy will decrease the likelihood of successful surgical management of a subsequent recurrence at the primary site. In an effort to answer this question, the records of 227 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were reviewed. All patients had clinically positive neck nodes and were treated with radiotherapy alone to the primary lesion. There was no apparent difference in the rate of disease control at the primary site or in the ability to manage patients successfully who developed a local recurrence when comparing patients initially treated with radiotherapy alone to those managed by radiotherapy and neck dissection. We conclude that postradiotherapy neck dissection does not decrease the likelihood of successfully managing a recurrence at the primary site.
Preoperative evaluation for partial laryngectomy
Authors: Chow James M. , Block Robert M. , Friedman Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe object of this study was to determine if pulmonary function tests were necessary in the preoperative evaluation of potential candidates for conservation laryngeal procedures. In addition, pulmonary complications from a series of partial laryngectomies were examined and correlated with a previous history of chronic obstructive lung disease. Ninety‐four patients with laryngeal tumors amenable to a partial procedure were assessed preoperative by testing their pulmonary function by stair‐climbing; they were considered to possess enough pulmonary function to permit a partial procedure. Pulmonary function tests were obtained in 69 of these patients. Measurements of vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 ‐second were reviewed and correlated with the postoperative development of pulmonary complications to determine if these tests of pulmonary function could reliably predict which patients would be more prone to developing pulmonary complications. The results indicated that pulmonary function tests or a prior history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could not reliably predict postoperative complications.
Trends in cervical cancer in the Netherlands until 2007: Has the bottom been reached?
Authors: de Kok Inge M.C.M. , van der Aa Maaike A. , van Ballegooijen Marjolein , Siesling Sabine , Karim‐Kos Henrike E. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Coebergh Jan Willem W. ,   on behalf of the Working Group Output of the Netherlands Cancer Registry
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe explored trends in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer by age, stage and morphology, and linked the observed trends to screening activities. Data was retrieved from the Netherlands Cancer Registry during 1989–2007 (incidence) and Statistics Netherlands during 1970–2007 (mortality). Trends were evaluated by calculating the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Joinpoint regression analysis was used to detect changes in trends. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) detection rates were calculated by data from “the nationwide network and registry of histo‐ and cytopathology” during 1990–2006. Total age‐adjusted incidence rate (European standardized rate (ESR)) was 7.9 per 100,000 woman years in 2007. During 1989–1998, incidence rates decreased with an EAPC of −1.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) −2.2 to −0.3), during 1998–2001 with −6.7% (95% CI: −16.4 to 4.1), and increased during 2001–2007 with 2.3% (95% CI: 0.4 to 4.2). Total mortality ESR was 1.9 per 100,000 woman years in 2007. Mortality rates decreased during 1970–1994 annually with −4.1% (95% CI: −4.6% to −3.7%), and with −2.6% (95% CI: −3.8% to −1.5%) during 1994–2007. The observed trend in total incidence is similar to the trend in squamous cell carcinomas in age group 35–54 years, suggesting that the observed trends are likely to be associated to changes in the screening program. This is supported by the trend in CINIII detection rates. In conclusion, incidence and mortality overall decreased and leveled off. On top of that there was an extra decrease that was compensated by a following recent increase in incidence, probably resulting from reorganization of the Dutch screening program.