bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural evolution of idiopathic lamellar macular holes (LMH) and macular pseudoholes (MPH)
Authors: GARCIA FERNÁNDEZ M , CASTRO NAVARRO J 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To analyze the natural evolution of idiopathic Lamellar Macular Holes (LMH) and Macular Pseudoholes (MPH), in the long‐term, based on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) configuration and in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) evolution.Methods We prospectively analyzed 68 eyes (41 right eyes and 27 left eyes) of 61 patients (40 female and 21 male), which were diagnosed as having a MPH or a LMH on OCT examination. The following variables were assessed: BCVA, lens status, and hole size (Diameter ‐D, Residual foveal Thickness –RT, and Perifoveal Thickness ‐PT)(software Caliper of Cirrus OCT), at baseline and final examination. Eyes with significant cataract underwent phacoemulsification.Results The mean follow‐up period was 34.33 ± 15.02 (12‐78) months. Mean BCVA (logMAR notation) in the total group at baseline was 0.40 ± 0.25 and at final was 0.36 ± 0.13 (p=0,082). PAM showed slightly better BCVA than LMH (p<0.05). BCVA improved in those eyes who underwent cataract surgery and remained unchanged in the rest of the eyes. No statistically significant differences regarding D, RT and PT were observed during the follow‐up period (p=0,125).Conclusion Most of idiopathic LMH and MPH do not progress anatomically and do not contribute to a significant diminution of visual acuity during the follow‐up period. We must take into account that the diminishment in visual acuity in most LMH and MPH can be due to the presence of an opacified crystalline and not to the lamellar hole itself.
Subfoveal choriodal thickness: the Beijing Eye Study
Authors: JONAS JB , WEI W , XU L , SHAO L , DU K , WANG S , CHEN C , XU J , WANG Y , ZHOU J , YOU Q 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To study subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in adult Chinese subjectsMethods The population‐based Beijing Eye Study 2011 included 3468 individuals. Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) with enhanced depth imaging was used for measurement of SFCT.Results Mean SFCT was 253.8 ± 107.4μm (range: 8μm to 854μm). In multivariate analysis, SFCT increased with younger age (P<0.001), shorter axial length (P<0.001), male gender (P<0.001), deeper anterior chamber depth (P<0.001), thicker lens (P<0.001), flatter cornea (P<0.001) and better best corrected visual acuity (P=0.001). In multivariate analysis, SFCT was not significantly associated with blood pressure, ocular perfusion pressure, intraocular pressure, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, serum concentrations of lipids and glucose, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. In the myopic refractive error range of more than ‐1 diopters, SFCT decreased by 15µm (95%confidence interval (CI): 11.9, 18.5) for every increase in myopic refractive error of one diopter, or by 32µm (95%CI: 37.1, 26.0) for every increase in axial length of one millimeter. For each year increase in age, the SFCT decreased by 4.1μm (95%CI: 4.6, 3.7) (multivariate analysis).Conclusion SFCT with a mean of 254±107μm in elderly subjects with a mean age of 65 years decreased with age (4µm per year of age) and myopia (15 µm per diopter of myopia). It was additionally associated with male gender and the ocular biometric parameters of a deeper anterior chamber and thicker lens. The association between SFCT and best corrected visual acuity strongly points towards a functional aspect of SFCT
In vivo confocal microscopic examination of corneal Langerhans cell density, distribution and evaluation of dry eye in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: MARSOVSZKY L , RESCH M , NEMETH J , KOVACS L , TOLDI G , MEDGYESI E , BALOG A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To examine the density and the distribution of corneal Langerhans cells (LCs) and to compare the results with dry‐eye related parameters in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods 52 RA patients (mean age: 58 [49‐66]) with various degree of disease activity and 24 healthy subjects (mean age: 61 [52.5‐67]) were enrolled. Central and peripheral LC number and morphology were assessed with in vivo confocal laser corneal microscopy. In addition, lid parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF), tear break up time (TBUT), Schirmer’s‐test (ST), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were also evaluated. .Results The prevalence of central and peripheral LCs and the central LC morphology values (LCM) were higher in RA compared to controls (median [interquartile range]: 42.50 [22.95‐93.50] vs 10.00 [0.00‐42.33] cell/mm2, 98.00 [62.00‐154.5] vs 59.50 [45.25‐94.75] cell/mm2, and 2.00 [1.00‐2.00] vs 1.00 [0.25‐1.00], respectively, p<0.05 for all). Within the RA group, LC prevalence and morphology were not affected by disease activity. However, patients on anti‐TNF or corticosteroid therapy exhibited LCM and central and peripheral LC density comparable to controls. TBUT values were lower and OSDI scores were higher in RA than in controls (9.00 [7.00‐12.00] vs 12.00[9.00‐14.00] seconds and 20.00 [10.93‐38.21] vs 9.75 [4.93‐16.28], respectively, p<0.05 for all). ST results were comparable in RA and controls.Conclusion Dendritic cell accumulation and maturation in the corneal center suggest the involvement of the cornea in RA, even in patients in inactive stage and without ocular symptoms.
Comparison of viral vectors for gene transfer to corneal endothelial cells
Authors: FUCHSLUGER T 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Thanks to its anatomical location at the posterior surface of the cornea and its monolayer structure, the corneal endothelium is an ideal target for gene therapy approaches. Lentiviral vectors have been shown by our group to be suitable vectors for the transfer of genes into corneal endothelial cells (EC). Aiming for an alternative to these HIV‐based vectors, it was the goal of this study to determine the suitability of non‐pathogenic adeno‐associated viral vectors (AAV) for gene transfer to EC.Methods Comparison of protein expression after EC transduction using a lentiviral vector or AAV 2/2 with GFP in murine EC (Balb/C) and in human EC (cell line and primary cells)by flow cytometry.Results Following transduction of EC using lentiviral vector, kinetics of the protein expression are considerably different compared to gene transfer using AAV. In contrast to AAV with protein expression showing a plateau after two to three weeks, lentiviral transfer results in a very rapid of reporter protein. Moreover, we detected significant differences in transduction rates between human and murine EC lines as well as betweeen human EC lines and human corneas (plateau at 70% versus 50% GFP‐positive cells with AAV, versus 90‐95% with lentivirus).Conclusion DNA transfer using AAV vectors seems to be an appropriate alternative to lentiviral vectors for gene transfer to EC. Relating to the cultivation of human donor corneas in eye banks over weeks, translation of AAV from bench to bedside, e.g. to reduce apoptosis in corneas, seems to be a promising approach for future gene transfer into donor corneas.
Etiologic diversity in patients presenting with atypical and severe anterior uveitis
Authors: FEL A , ROZENBERG F , TOUITOU V , LE HOANG P , BODAGHI B 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To analyze the etiological distribution of long‐lasting and severe anterior uveitis based on the analysis of the aqueous humor.Methods Retrospective study of patients presenting with atypical and severe anterior uveitis and managed in a tertiary referral centre, between January 2008 and December 2009. Patients with panuveitis, intermediate and posterior uveitis and typical B27‐associated uveitis or herpes zoster ophthalmicus were excluded. Patients were divided into three groups : atypical viral uveitis (group 1), typical herpetic uveitis (group 2), Fuchs uveitis (group 3). An anterior chamber paracentesis was performed in all cases.Results The medical files of 153 patients were analysed. The mean age was 49 years (range 8‐83 Years), the M/F sex ratio was 84/69. Uveitis was unilateral in 86.5% of cases. Group 1 included 42 patients with sarcoidosis (13 cases), tuberculosis (7 cases), endophthalmitis (6 cases), spondylarthropathy (10 cases), syphilis (2 cases), neoplasia (2 cases) and multiple sclerosis (2 cases). Group 2 included 83 cases. A viral agent was definitely identified in 33 cases (39.8%). The distribution of herpes viruses was the following : CMV (19 cases), HSV‐1 (8 cases) and VZV (6 cases). The yield of anterior chamber paracentesis is increased by repetition of the procedure (up to 77.4% for CMV). The PCR‐negative patients in Group 2 responded well to a specific antiviral treatment. None of the patients with Fuchs uveitis (Group 3) had a positive PCR for CMV.Conclusion Most cases of atypical anterior uveitis, especially when unilateral, are viral‐induced. Molecular tools applied to ocular fluids may confirm a viral infection in atypical cases of anterior uveitis, leading to a specific antiviral therapy.
Positive interferon‐gamma release assay (IGRA) test in a case of non‐tuberculous mycobacterium associated uveitis
Authors: BOUCHENAKI N , KUZNETCOVA T , SAUTY A , HERBORT CP 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose It is not always known that Interferon‐gamma release assay (IGRA) tests can also react with some non‐tuberculous atypical strains of mycobacteria (NTM). The aim of this work was to review the cross‐reactivity of IGRA tests and its consequences in a case of with a positive IGRA test associated with of a non‐tuberculous mycobacterium (M. kansasii).Methods Report of a 66 year old male uveitis patient with cystoid macular oedema and occult bilateral indocyanine green angiography‐detected choroiditis resistant to inflammation suppressive therapy. A QuantiFERON®‐TB Gold test was positive indicating exposure to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Before starting antibiotic treatment cultures from bronchial aspirates was performed yielding the agent Mycobacterium kansasii. A review of cross‐reactivity of IGRA tests with non‐tuberculous atypical mycobacteria was performed.Results Drug‐sensitivity of Mycobacterium kansasii was found to be equal to Mycobacterium tuberculosis although a longer duration of therapy is recommended. The patient was treated with anti‐tuberculous drugs for 18 months. Uveitis responded to treatment within three months. A review showed that there are at least 7 NTM strains that cross‐react with IGRA tests some of which do not respond to classical anti‐tuberculous therapy.Conclusion A positive IGRA test is a support for diagnosing tuberculous uveitis. However, these tests cross‐react with NTM atypical strains, some of which do not respond to classical anti‐tubercultuberculous therapy with deleterious consequences if an adequate therapy is not given.
Evaluation of a complete‐kill assay for anti‐acanthamoeba solutions
Authors: KOWALSKI R , ABDEL AZIZ S , ROMANOWSKI E , SHANKS RM 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Acanthamoeba keratitis is a sight debilitating disease that requires effective topical drug therapy to eradicate the pathogenic agent.Methods An assay was created to determine whether 0.02% poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB), 0.02% chlorhexidinedigluconate (CHL), 0.1% c‐desomedine (DESO), and 1.0% c‐voriconazole (VOR) were effective in completely killing 15 different isolates of acanthamoeba at time points 24, 48, and 72 hours in comparison to a saline control. Each 0.5 ml volume of solution was inoculated with 0.1 ml of acanthamoeba cysts at a concentration of 1‐5 x 106 /ml determined with a hemacytometer and allowed to incubate at 30o C. At the time points listed, aliquots from each treatment group were inoculated onto non‐nutrient agar overlaid with Enterobacter aerogenes. The plates were microscopically examined for growth at time points 1 and 2 weeks. At 2 weeks, all plates were sub‐cultured onto fresh medium. At 7 days, growth in sub‐culture at each time point was graded 1 for growth and zero for no growth. The time points were combined for each drug with a possible grade from 0 to 3. The grades were non‐parametrically (Mann Whitney) compared to determine any significance in positive growth between the drugs.Results Complete–kill was determined more frequently with PHMB and DESO (p=1.0) than CHL (p=0.04). PHMB, DESO, and CHL demonstrated more complete‐kill than VOR (p=0.01) which was more effective than the saline control (p=0.0003).Conclusion The complete‐kill assay appears to provide separation in the effectiveness of different anti‐amoebic drug solutions, and may provide an alternative evaluation of possible new anti‐infectives in the treatment of acanthamoeba keratitis.
Evaluation of retrobulbar hemodynamics and aqueous humor levels of Endothelin‐1 in exfoliation syndrome, exfoliative glaucoma and primary open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: NASR MB , KOUKOULA SC , TRANOS PG , LABIRIS G , KOZOBOLIS VP 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To compare mean Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) concentration in aqueous humor and retrobulbar hemodynamics in patients with exfoliation syndrome (XFS), exfoliative glaucoma (XFG), primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG), and normal controls, and to evaluate the role of these index in the management of glaucoma.Methods Aqueous Humour samples were collected from 20 subjects with POAG, 18 with XFG, 20 with XFS and 19 with senile cataract (CONTROL). Pre‐surgery Color Doppler Imaging (CDI) in Ophthalmic Artery (OA), Posterior Ciliary Arteries (PCA) and Central Retinal Artery (CRA) were performed. Samples were frozen at ‐70oC and were analyzed with ELISA method.Results ET‐1 level in aqueous samples of XFS, POAG, and XFG groups were statistically higher than that in CONTROL group (p1=0,008, p2=0,005, p3=0,020). However, there was no significant difference between aqueous ET‐1 levels of the three glaucoma groups (p< 0,900). Mean EDV of Ophthalmic Artery in subjects with XFG was significantly lower (p<0.05) than the other groups (XFS, POAG, Control). The mean PSV of the Ophthalmic Artery, yet, it was not statistically different between subjects with XFG, POAG and XFS, it was significantly lower (p<0.05) when comparing XFG and control groups. Resistivity index (RI) of OA in subjects with XFG was significantly higher compared with POAG and XFS patients (p<0.05).Conclusion This study confirms a lower hemodynamics in patients with XFG, a statistically higher levels of ET‐1 in glaucoma subjects, and no significant difference between levels of ET‐1 in glaucoma groups, which may in the future, indicate a useful parameter as a result of glaucoma damage and not as cause
Expression of Lubricin mRNA and protein in human ocular surface tissues
Authors: KNOP E , KNOP N , SCHMIDT T , MORRISON S , SULLIVAN BD , RAHIMI DARABAD R , SULLIVAN DA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Friction is an inherent potential source of wounding for ocular surface tissues during the blink and bulbus movements and is identified as a major contributor to ocular surface disease of the dry eye type. The expression of lubricin, a boundary lubricant in articulating joints that protects against frictional forces, cell adhesion and protein deposition, was investigated at the ocular surface.Methods Human corneal, conjunctival and control cartilage tissues were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, sectioned serially, exposed to antigen retrieval buffers, and stained for lubricin by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a rabbit polyclonal anti‐human lubricin antibody. Several negative and positive controls were performed. Respective fresh tissues were analysed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in order to verify the presence of the mRNA.Results The mRNA for lubricin was found in human corneal and conjunctival cell lines and in complete ocular surface tissues similar to cartilage. The mRNA is translated and expressed into lubricin protein and protein staining was observed along the complete corneal and conjunctival epithelial surface, most strongly expressed in the corneal epithelium . The specificity of staining was verified in several positive and negative controls including use of irrelevant antibodies and preincubation of the anti‐lubricin antibody with a pure peptide, which had served to generate the antibody.Conclusion These findings verify that lubricin is synthesized and expressed by epithelial cells of the human cornea and conjunctiva and conceivably serves protective functions against frictional forces at the human ocular surface similar to the joint.
Aquaporin‐1 expression in membranes from proliferative vitreoretinopathy and in epiretinal membranes
Authors: MOTULSKY E , SALIK D , JANSSENS X , PION B , DUFRANE R , CHAPUT F , BOLAKY N , GREGOIRE F , CASPERS L , PERRET J , WILLERMAIN F , DELPORTE C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Aquaporin‐1 (AQP1) is involved in cell migration and proliferation. This study aims to investigate AQP1 expression in membranes from proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and epiretinal membranes (ERM)Methods 20 Membranes PVR and ERM were collected following eye surgery from 20 eyes from 20 patients. AQP1 mRNA and protein expression were determined by RT‐qPCR and immunofluorescence in both PVR and ERMResults AQP1 mRNA and protein were expressed in both PVR and ERM as shown by both RT‐qPCR and immunofluorescence. Moreover, AQP1 protein expression was heterogeneous among and between PVR and ERM, and was highly colocalized with alpha‐smooth muscle actin (SMA or Acta2) and slightly colocalized with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).Conclusion AQP1 mRNA and protein were expressed in membranes from PVR and in ERM. Due to the absence of SMA and GFAP colocalization, it is likely that AQP1 is expressed by at least two distinct cells types. AQP1 might play a role in cell migration and proliferation occurring during the formation of PVR and ERM, and could represent a new therapeutic target
Therapeutic targets in glaucoma
Authors: HOFFMANN E 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGlaucoma leads to irreversible blindness and is characterized by changes in the optic disc and the visual field. The elevated intraocular pressure is considered the most important factor responsible for the glaucomatous optic neuropathy. There are multiple factors involved in the development of retinal ganglion cell death. The goal of glaucoma treatment is to preserve the visual field of patients and prevent the loss of visual function that is associated with the disease (European Guidelines). We should focus at least on three separate targets of glaucoma treatment (Brubaker RF. Survey of Ophthalmology 2003: Three targets for glaucoma management): Intraocular pressure (IOP), outflow facility, and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC). Elevated IOP is still the primary risk factor for the development and progression of glaucoma, and many studies have shown that IOP reduction can limit the progression of glaucoma and slow the loss of visual function. IOP lowering can be beneficial for normal‐tension as well as high‐tension glaucoma patients, and it may also prevent or delay the onset of visual field loss and optic disk damage in individuals with ocular hypertension. The second target of glaucoma treatment is outflow facility. In a healthy eye, aqueous production (flow) equals aqueous outflow through the trabecular and uveoscleral outflow pathways. Any imbalance between flow and outflow results in a change in IOP, yet even a transient elevation of IOP may cause significant glaucomatous damage. The third target of glaucoma treatment is the RGC itself. RGC death in glaucoma might have many causes, including vascular insufficiency, blockage of axonal transport, diffusion of toxic agents into the nerve cell, or initiation of apoptosis. Treatment that aims to directly protect the RGC from every possible insult might be the ultimate treatment for glaucoma because a strategy of neuroprotection could preserve the visual function of patients regardless of the etiology of their glaucoma.
Femtosecond laser and microkeratome preparation of ultrathin (UT) DSAEK grafts
Authors: MURTA J 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn important limitation of DSAEK is that some eyes do not achieve good visual acuity despite a clear cornea and minimal residual astigmatism. The thickness of the stromal lamella may influence the final visual acuity and better results may be achieved with thinner grafts. We describe a new technique that combines a femtosecond laser with a microkeratome to obtain consistently thin grafts, with no loss of corneas. This clinical study involves ultrathin DSAEK tissue preparation used in 28 patients with endothelial dysfunction. The first cut was performed with an Intralase FS60 laser and the second cut with a Moria CBm 300‐µm microkeratome. The thickness of the first cut was modified for each cornea to obtain a final graft thickness of 120 µm. Post‐op central graft thickness was performed with corneal laser tomography (Spectralis). Associated visual results, disk thickness and endothelial cell loss before and after surgery were evaluated. Final graft thickness was 88.3+27.6 µm, 77.2+26.6 µm and 74.3+27.5 µm at one week, one and three months post‐op, respectively. No loss of corneas due to irregular cuts or perforation during preparation. The mean BSCVA was 0.41, 0.52, and 0.72(0.39, 0.28 and 0.14 LogMAR) after one week, one and three months post‐op, respectively. Precut and post‐op (3 months) ECDs averaged 2553 cells/mm2 and 1882 cells/mm2, respectively, representing 26.3% endothelial cell loss after 3 months of the surgery. Femtosecond laser and microkeratome can be used sequentially to prepare custom ultrathin DSAEK grafts with no loss of corneas. This procedure minimizes the variability inherent to microkeratomes and allows very quick recovery of visual acuity after posterior lamellar keratoplasty.
RDH12 mutation and early‐onset retinal degeneration
Authors: GARCIA FERNÁNDEZ M , CASTRO NAVARRO J , BAJO FUENTE A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To show the clinical evolution of a child with RDH12 mutation (gene typically associated with Leber Congenital Amaurosis,LCA) and early‐onset retinal degenerationMethods A 8‐year‐old male who came to our department with a complaint of progressive decline in vision in his both eyes. Full clinical ophthalmological examination, including Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), anterior and posterior segment examination, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), color vision test, visual field, electrorretinogram and genetic study, was performed.Results At first visit, BCVA was 10/100 in both eyes. Anterior segment examination was unremarkable. Fundus eye examination revealed a bilateral and symmetric pattern of macular hyperpigmentation (of three disk diameters in size)with reticular configuration and patches of hypopigmentation between hyperpigmentated areas. No peripheral atrophy with bone spicule nor optic nerve atrophy were observed. OCT showed an intense macular atrophy with severe disruption of complex pigment retinal epithelium‐photoreceptors. Farnsworth Munsell 28‐hue test revealed preserved color vision. Visual field showed a central scotoma. Electrorretinogram recordings demonstrated a still preserved rod and cone function. Genetic study revealed a compound heterocigotic mutation for RDH12 in exon 6 (p.Ala269fs and p.Arg234His). Two years later VA decreased to <10/100 and we observed progression of the macular damage.Conclusion RDH12 mutation can be associated, although extremely infrequently, with an early‐onset form of severe retinal dystrophy affecting both rod and cone function (preserved at first stages) and having a phenotype distinct from that resulting from mutations in other known LCA genes.