bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meniscus Repair and Transplantation: A Comprehensive Update
Authors: Noyes Frank R. , Heckmann Timothy P. , Barber-Westin Sue D. 
Published: September 2011

Synopsis Preservation of meniscal tissue is paramount for long-term joint function, especially in younger patients who are athletically active. Many studies have reported encouraging results following repair of meniscus tears for both simple longitudinal tears located in the periphery and complex multiplanar tears that extend into the central third avascular region. This operation is usually indicated in active patients who have tibiofemoral joint line pain and are less than 50 years of age. However, not all meniscus tears are repairable, especially if considerable damage has occurred. In select patients, meniscus transplantation may restore partial load-bearing meniscus function, decrease symptoms, and provide chondroprotective effects. The initial postoperative goal after both meniscus repair and transplantation is to prevent excessive weight bearing, as high compressive and shear forces can disrupt healing meniscus repair sites and transplants. Immediate knee motion and muscle strengthening are initiated the day after surgery. Variations are built into the rehabilitation protocol according to the type, location, and size of the meniscus repair, if concomitant procedures are performed, and if articular cartilage damage is present. Meniscus repairs located in the periphery heal rapidly, whereas complex multiplanar repairs tend to heal more slowly and require greater caution. The authors have reported the efficacy of the rehabilitation programs and the results of meniscus repair and transplantation in many studies. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(3):274–290, Epub 4 September 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3588
Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Skeletally Immature Individuals
Authors: Moksnes Håvard , Engebretsen Lars , Risberg May Arna 
Published: September 2011

Synopsis Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in skeletally immature individuals remain a challenge for the child, the parents, orthopaedic surgeons, and physical therapists. The main challenges are the potential risk of recurrent instability, secondary injuries following nonoperative treatment, and the risks involved with surgical treatment due to the vulnerability of the epiphyseal growth plates. We first present the physiological background for considerations that must be made when advising on treatment alternatives for skeletally immature individuals after ACL injury. The implications of continuous musculoskeletal development for treatment decisions are emphasized. No randomized controlled trials have been performed to investigate outcomes of different treatment algorithms. There is no consensus in the literature on clinical treatment decision criteria for whether a skeletally immature child should undergo transphyseal ACL reconstruction, physeal sparing ACL reconstruction, or nonoperative treatment. Additionally, well-described rehabilitation programs designed for either nonoperative treatment or postoperative rehabilitation have not been published. Based on the currently available evidence, we propose a treatment algorithm for the management of ACL injuries in skeletally immature individuals. Finally, we suggest directions for future prospective studies, which should include development of valid and reliable outcome measures and specific rehabilitation programs. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(3):172-183, Epub 4 September 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3608
Bone Engineering with Porous Ceramics and Metals
Authors: Luyten Jan , Thijs Ivo , Ravelingien Matthieu , Mullens Steven 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe self‐healing capacity of bone for the reconstruction of small fractures is widely recognized. However, large bone defects still pose a big challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Tissue engineering using porous scaffolds is a new trend to solve this problem and to speed the healing process. When seeded with human cells and bone growth stimulating molecules, they enhance bone healing. Such porous supports try to mimic the properties of trabecular bone. The needed structural properties are: a high and interconnected porosity, pore sizes in the range of 100–500 µm, mechanical properties comparable to trabecular bone and a microporous surface to allow further coating, cell attachment and seeding. Starting from these requirements, it is clear that a cellular material has the ideal architecture for such biomedical scaffold. Polymeric, ceramic or metallic foam structures can be obtained by different manufacturing routes. In our group we optimized three methods, all starting from a powder suspension. They are the PU template technique, gelcasting and the 3D fiber deposition (3DFD) method. Ti and Ti–6Al–4V scaffolds produced by gelcasting and 3DFD can mimic the structural and mechanical properties of the trabecular bone. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and mixtures of hydroxyapatite and beta tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) were tested for their rate of dissolution in simulated body fluid (SBF) and for their strength as function of their composition. Recently, it was proven that magnesium is a biocompatible and bio‐absorbable material. Therefore, as a metallic scaffold it can be expected that it can fulfill both functions of the biomedical scaffold: to be load‐bearing and to be bio‐absorbable. Nevertheless, the realization of this ideal scaffold needs much more fundamental research. Some preliminary synthesis tests for producing porous Mg‐scaffolds are given in this contribution.
Molecular Basis of Chiral Acid Recognition by Candida rugosa Lipase: X‐Ray Structure of Transition State Analog and Modeling of the Hydrolysis of Methyl 2‐Methoxy‐2‐phenylacetate
Authors: Colton Ian J. , Yin DeLu (Tyler) , Grochulski Pawel , Kazlauskas Romas J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLipase from Candida rugosa shows high enantioselectivity toward α‐substituted chiral acids such as 2‐arylpropionic acids. To understand how Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) distinguishes between enantiomers of chiral acids, we determined the X‐ray crystal structure of a transition‐state analog covalently linked to CRL. CRL shows moderate enantioselectivity (E=23) toward methyl 2‐methoxy‐2‐phenylacetate, 1‐methyl ester, favoring the (S)‐enantiomer. We synthesized phosphonate (RC,RPSP)‐3, which, upon reaction with CRL, mimics the transition state for hydrolysis of (S)‐1‐methyl ester, the fast‐reacting enantiomer. An X‐ray crystal structure of this complex shows a catalytically productive orientation with the phenyl ring in the hydrophobic tunnel of the lipase. Phe345 crowds the region near the substrate stereocenter. Computer modeling of the slow‐reacting enantiomer examined four possible conformations for the corresponding slow‐reacting enantiomer: three conformations where two substituents at the stereocenter have been exchanged relative to the fast‐reacting enantiomer and one conformation with an umbrella‐like inversion orientation. Each of these orientations disrupts the orientation of the catalytic histidine, but the molecular basis for disruption differs in each case showing that multiple mechanisms are required for high enantioselectivity.
G‐PKDrep‐live, a genetically encoded FRET reporter to measure PKD activity at the trans‐Golgi‐network
Authors: Eisler Stephan A. , Fuchs Yannick F. , Pfizenmaier Klaus , Hausser Angelika 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe serine/threonine protein kinase D (PKD) is recruited to the trans‐Golgi‐network (TGN) by interaction with diacylglycerol (DAG) and Arf1 and promotes the fission of vesicles containing cargo destined for the plasma membrane. PKD activation is mediated by PKC(‐induced phosphorylation. However, signaling pathways that activate PKD specifically at the TGN are only poorly characterized. Recently we created G‐PKDrep, a genetically encoded fluorescent reporter for PKD activity at the TGN in fixed cells. To establish a reporter useful for monitoring Golgi‐specific PKD activity in living cells we now refined G‐PKDrep to generate G‐PKDrep‐live. Specifically, phosphorylation of G‐PKDrep‐live expressed in mammalian cells results in changes of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and allows for indirect imaging of PKD activity. In a proof‐of‐principle experiment using phorbolester treatment, we demonstrate the reporter's capability to track rapid activation of PKD at the TGN. Furthermore, activation‐induced FRET changes are reversed by treatment with PKD‐specific pharmacological inhibitors. Thus, the newly developed reporter G‐PKDrep‐live is a suitable tool to visualize dynamic changes in PKD activity at the TGN in living cells.See accompanying commentary by Gautam DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100424
Bond Stretching and Redox Behavior in Coinage Metal Complexes of the Dichalcogenide Dianions [(SPh2P)2CEEC(PPh2S)2]2− (E=S, Se): Diradical Character of the Dinuclear Copper(I) Complex (E=S)
Authors: Konu Jari , Chivers Tristram , Tuononen Heikki M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe metathetical reactions of a) [Li(tmeda)]2[(S)C(PPh2S)2] (Li2⋅3 c) with CuCl2 and b) [Li(tmeda)]2[(SPh2P)2CSSC(PPh2S)2] (Li2⋅4 c) with two equivalents of CuCl both afford the binuclear CuI complex {Cu2[(SPh2P)2CSSC(PPh2S)2]} (5 c). The elongated (C)SS(C) bond (ca. 2.54 and 2.72 Å) of the dianionic ligand observed in the solid‐state structure of 5 c indicate the presence of diradical character as supported by theoretical analyses. The treatment of [Li(tmeda)]2[(SPh2P)2CSeSeC(PPh2S)2] (Li2⋅4 b) and Li2⋅4 c with AgOSO2CF3 produce the analogous AgI derivatives, {Ag2[(SPh2P)2CEEC(PPh2S)2]} (6 b, E=Se; 6 c, E=S), respectively. The diselenide complex 6 b exhibits notably weaker AgSe(C) bonds than the corresponding contacts in the CuI congeners, and the 31P NMR data suggest a possible isomerization in solution. In contrast to the metathesis observed for CuI and AgI reagents, the reactions of Li2⋅4 b and Li2⋅4 c with Au(CO)Cl involve a redox process in which the dimeric dichalcogenide ligands are reduced to the corresponding monomeric dianions, [(E)C(PPh2S)2]2− (3 b, E=Se; 3 c, E=S), and one of the gold centers is oxidized to generate the mixed‐valent AuI/AuIII complexes, {Au[(E)C(PPh2S)2]}2 (7 b, E=Se; 7 c, E=S), with relatively strong aurophilic AuI⋅⋅⋅AuIII interactions. The new compounds 5 c, 6 b,c and 7 b,c are characterized in solution by NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by X‐ray crystallography (5 c, 6 b, 7 b and 7 c) and by Raman spectroscopy (5 c and 6 c). The UV‐visible spectra of coinage metal complexes of the type 5, 6 and 7 are discussed in the light of results from theoretical analyses using time‐dependent density functional theory.
On the Determination of the Stereochemistry of Semisynthetic Natural Product Analogues using Chiroptical Spectroscopy: Desulfurization of Epidithiodioxopiperazine Fungal Metabolites
Authors: Cherblanc Fanny , Lo Ya‐Pei , De Gussem Ewoud , Alcazar‐Fuoli Laura , Bignell Elaine , He Yanan , Chapman‐Rothe Nadine , Bultinck Patrick , Herrebout Wouter A. , Brown Robert , Rzepa Henry S. , Fuchter Matthew J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIsolation and semisynthetic modification of the fungal metabolite chaetocin gave access to a desulfurized analogue of this natural product. Detailed chiroptical studies, comparing experimentally obtained optical rotation values, electronic circular dichroism spectra, and vibrational circular dichroism spectra to computationally simulated ones, reveal the desulfurization of chaetocin to unambiguously proceed with retention of configuration. Consideration of the plausible mechanisms for this process highlighted inconsistencies in the stereochemical assignment of related molecules in the literature. This in turn allowed the stereochemical reassignment of the natural product analogue dethiodehydrogliotoxin.
Updating a chiral separation strategy for non‐acidic drugs with capillary electrochromatography applicable for both chlorinated and non‐chlorinated polysaccharide selectors
Authors: Hendrickx Ans , Mangelings Debby , Chankvetadze Bezhan , Vander Heyden Yvan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA generic strategy for the chiral separation of non‐acidic pharmaceuticals was updated to complete an approach defined earlier. The selected chiral stationary phases are all polysaccharide selectors, chlorinated, and non‐chlorinated, namely Lux® Amylose 2, Chiralcel® OD‐RH, Lux® Cellulose 4, and Chiralpak® AD‐RH. In this study, the screening step of a strategy defined earlier was updated and the optimization steps were re‐evaluated for the applied chiral stationary phases. These screening and optimization conditions were studied by analyzing 20 pharmaceuticals at different organic modifier contents, temperatures, or applied voltages. The proposed chiral separation strategy was then evaluated with a test set of 19 non‐acidic drugs. Seventeen compounds (89.5%) of the latter set could be resolved of which eight (42%) were baseline separated. The strategy thus proved to be applicable on compounds different from those used for its development.
Symptoms of Eating Disorders, Drive for Muscularity and Physical Activity Among Norwegian Adolescents
Authors: Bratland‐Sanda Solfrid , Sundgot‐Borgen Jorunn 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to examine symptoms of eating disorders (ED), drive for muscularity and physical activity in a Norwegian adolescent population.MethodsA total of 722 adolescents aged 12–18 years (response rate: 83%) filled out a questionnaire containing the Drive for Muscularity Scale, Eating Disorders Inventory subscales Drive for Thinness (EDI‐DT), Body Dissatisfaction (EDI‐BD) and Bulimia (EDI‐B), and questions about amount of and motives for physical activity.ResultsEating Disorders Inventory subscale scores were higher, and Drive for Muscularity Scale Score (DMS) scores were lower among girls compared with boys. EDI and DMS were correlated with motives for, but not amount of, physical activity. EDI and DMS were associated in boys, not girls.DiscussionThe associations between EDI and DMS among boys call for a wider approach when examining ED among boys. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Improved understanding of tributyltin sorption on natural and biochar-amended sediments
Authors: Xiao Xiaoyu , Sheng G. Daniel , Qiu Yuping 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A poor understanding of tributyltin (TBT) sorption on sediments has hindered an accurate evaluation of its environmental fate. The present study determined TBT sorption by a freshwater sediment (BH) and a coastal marine sediment (TZ) as influenced by pH, salinity, and biochar (BC) amendment into TZ. The isotherms were essentially linear, with KOC values in the range of 104 to 105 L/kg. Tributyltin sorption at pH 3.56 and 8.00 occurred mainly via partitioning. It reached maxima at pH equal to its pKa (=6.25) because of added ion exchange. A salinity increase from 5 to 35 practical salinity units enhanced TBT sorption at pH 3.56 and 8.00 on TZ by approximately 30% and on BH by approximately 80%, ascribed to the salting-out effect that reduced the solubilities of tributyltin hydroxide (TBTOH) and tributyltin chloride (TBTCl). At pH 6.25, the same salinity increase reduced TBT sorption on TZ by approximately 20% but enhanced TBT sorption on BH by approximately 35%. This was attributed to the enhancing role of salting out and the reducing role of metal competition for ion exchange. Tributyltin was two orders of magnitude more effectively sorbed by BC than by total organic carbon of TZ, mainly because of the high level of surface area of the BC. Although BC affinity for TBT may be significantly diminished when present in TZ, it was considered to be the primary contributor to TBT sorption from water. Biochar may thus be used to immobilize TBT in sediment for potential remediation. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2682–2687. © 2011 SETAC
Review of the reproductive biology of amphipods and their endocrine regulation: Identification of mechanistic pathways for reproductive toxicants
Authors: Hyne Ross V 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The reproductive biology of amphipods is reviewed to update the knowledge of the male and female reproductive processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis as well as the endocrine systems of amphipods with the aim of advancing studies of reproductive toxicology. The ovarian and reproduction cycles of female gammaridean amphipods are closely correlated with the molt cycle, which is under direct control by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. The ability of males to copulate and subsequently for females to ovulate is restricted to the early postmolt period of the females. New developments in our understanding of the molt cycle and the endocrine regulatory pathways for reproduction using genomics techniques on other crustacean species are also discussed. The arthropod sterol ponasterone A or xenobiotics such as the fungicide fenarimol have been shown to elicit endocrine disruption in some crustaceans by acting as an agonist for 20-hydroxyecdysone at the ecdysone receptor or by inhibiting the synthesis of 20-hydroxyecdysone, respectively, resulting in disruption of molting and reproduction. Recent studies suggest that cadmium can inhibit secondary vitellogenesis in amphipods. Experimental approaches for examining the metabolic pathways associated with ecdysteroid hormonal signaling or metabolism, exoskeleton maintenance and molting, and the regulation of vitellogenin in amphipods are discussed. This information should aid in the identification of useful biomarkers for reproductive toxicity. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2647–2657. © 2011 SETAC
Antileukaemia effect of rapamycin alone or in combination with daunorubicin on ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cell line
Authors: Yang Xi , Lin Juan , Gong Yuping , Ma Hongbing , Shuai Xiao , Zhou Ruiqing , Guo Yong , Shan Qingqing , He Guangcui 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe translocation (9;22) (q34;q11), known as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome and bcr‐abl fusion gene, is the common cytogenetic abnormality and an unfavourable prognosis in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Although chemotherapeutic treatment produced high rates of complete response in approximately 70%–80% of newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL, the onset of resistance and clinical relapse is rapid. Therefore, the efficacy of treatment in Ph+ ALL is still to be determined. In this study, we aimed to assess the antileukemic activity of rapamycin (RAPA) (Sigma‐Aldrich Corporation, MO, USA), a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, alone and in combination with daunorubicin (DNR) (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company, Germany) in a Ph+ acute lymphoblastic cell line SUP‐B15 and a primary Ph+ ALL sample in vitro. Here, we demonstrated that 50 nmol/L of RAPA significantly intensified the inhibition induced by DNR on both Ph+ ALL cell line and a primary Ph+ ALL sample. Notably, we reported that the consequence of DNR treatment induced the over expression of the componets of mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway, whereas RAPA effectively eliminated this deleterious side effect of DNR, which might enhance DNR's ability to kill drug‐resistant cancer. The synergistic effect was also associated with the increase in autophagy, blockage of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. Altogether, our results suggest that DNR in combination with RAPA is more effective in the treatment of Ph+ ALL compared with DNR alone. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutic plasma exchange for the treatment of anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis
Authors: Pham Huy P. , Daniel‐Johnson Jennifer A. , Stotler Brie A. , Stephens Hannah , Schwartz Joseph 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAnti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDA‐R) encephalitis is thought to be one of the common paraneoplastic‐associated encephalitides. Between February 2001 and February 2011, nine patients were diagnosed with this disorder at Columbia University Medical Center: eight females (mean age 23 years) and one male (3 years of age). Four female patients had ovarian teratomas, which were removed as part of their treatment. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was used as one of the treatment modalities in addition to immunosuppressive therapy, including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and/or rituximab. A total of 56 TPE procedures were performed in these patients on alternate days (range, 5–14 procedures/patient). Approximately 1 plasma volume (PV) was processed for all patients; 5% albumin and 0.9% normal saline were used as replacement fluid. Complications occurred in 20% of TPE procedures; 9% were possibly due to underlying disease. The remaining 11% of complications were hypotensive episodes that rapidly responded to either a fluid bolus or a vasopressor treatment. One patient demonstrated immediate clinical improvement after three TPE treatments, and four patients had significant improvement at time of discharge from the hospital. Long‐term follow‐up showed that early initiation of TPE appears to be beneficial, and patients who received IVIG after TPE did better than those who received IVIG before TPE. However, the number of patients in this series is too small to provide statistically significant conclusions. Overall, TPE is a relatively safe treatment option in patients with anti‐NMDA‐R encephalitis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the benefit of TPE in this disease. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and evaluation of a spiral tube column for counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Cao Xueli , Pei Hairun , Huo Liangsheng , Hu Guanghui , Ito Yoichiro 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn improved type‐J counter‐current chromatography (CCC) planet centrifuge with two spiral tube columns (volume 2×15 mL, β value 0.3–0.7, tubing 0.8 mm id) was developed and evaluated for its retention ability of four typical different solvent systems including heptane–methanol (1:1, v/v) (A), hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (1:1:1:1, v/v) (B), n‐butanol–acetic acid–water (4:1:5, v/v) (C), PEG1000–K2HPO4–water (12.5:12.5:75, w/w) (D) under eight different operation modes. The results indicated that the spiral tube column could significantly increase the retention of four typical solvent systems compared with a traditional multilayer coil column with similar parameters (volume 35 mL, β value 0.3–0.7, tubing 0.8 mm id). The retention of stationary phase (Sf ) for the less polar system (A) and moderately polar solvent system (B) can be increased by about 10%, and for the polar system (C) and aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) (D) by 30–40%. The preliminary applications of this spiral tube column to the separation of small molecular compounds such as moderately polar theaflavins, polar anthocyanins and dipeptides were successful. Acceptable resolution can be obtained between cytochrome c and myoglobin, lysozyme and myoglobin when it was applied on protein separation; however, it still needs to be improved with regard to its column efficiency.