bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pleasure and Affinity in W. G. Sebald and Robert Walser
Authors: Ruprecht Lucia 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the dialectic between melancholia and pleasure in W. G. Sebald by focusing on the author's affinity with Robert Walser. It explores Sebald's intertextual incorporation of the lost literary friend as both re‐enactment of Walserian pleasures and consoling melancholic practice which is pleasurable in itself. Much of the specific delight that Walser offers is based on his exuberant and idiosyncratic style of writing, and his extraordinary sense of bodily movement. Excessive precision, digression, and kinaesthetic experience are singled out in order to investigate the textual and physical performances which are relevant for the kinds of subversive enjoyment that Walser passes on to Sebald. (Inter)textual analysis is framed by an engagement with Eric Santner's claim that Walser's figures have in some sense passed beyond the condition of ‘creatureliness’. In adapting especially Walser's gestures of politeness, Sebald reaffirms his predecessor's deterritorialisation of the force field between the sovereign and the creature, and pays homage to the deceased.
Eliciting Proto‐Imperatives and Proto‐Declaratives in Children with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Vandereet Joke , Maes Bea , Lembrechts Dirk , Zink Inge 
Published: June 2009

Background  Although high‐structured elicitation tasks have been shown to be efficient means to sample communication in children with intellectual disabilities, their validity and reliability remain to be evaluated. The aims of this study were threefold: (i) to evaluate the eliciting potential, (ii) to examine the utterance forms of proto‐imperative and proto‐declarative intentions, and (iii) to evaluate the reliability of two high‐structured elicitation tasks.Methods  Twenty‐eight children with intellectual disabilities participated in a standard assessment battery, consisting of a formal language assessment, a parent questionnaire, an elicitation task for proto‐imperatives, and an elicitation task for proto‐declaratives.Results  The elicitation tasks elicited significantly more proto‐imperatives than proto‐declaratives; with proto‐imperatives being predominantly expressed with gestures and proto‐declaratives predominantly with vocalizations. Furthermore, medium to large correlations were found between the elicitation tasks and the other communication and language instruments.Conclusions  Several factors need to be considered to account for the observed differences in frequency and utterance forms of the elicited proto‐imperatives versus proto‐declaratives. Nevertheless, the results overall suggest that the elicitation tasks for proto‐imperatives and proto‐declaratives can be reliably used in children with intellectual disabilities.
Inside the wire: Aggression and functional interhemispheric connectivity in the human brain
Authors: HOFMAN DENNIS , SCHUTTER DENNIS J. L. G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn aggressive personality style has been proposed to arise from a cortical asymmetry between the left and right frontal hemispheres. In the present transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study, evidence was sought for a link between an aggressive personality style and functional interhemispheric connectivity between the left and right frontal cortices. Functional interhemispheric connectivity was measured by determining transcallosal inhibition (TCI) using TMS in 20 healthy right‐handed volunteers, who were given the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) and a selective attention task. Analyses showed higher levels of left‐to‐right TCI significantly correlated with higher AQ scores. Furthermore, increased left‐to‐right together with reduced right‐to‐left TCI was associated with a stronger attentional bias for angry faces. This is the first study to provide a biological mechanism underlying the asymmetry between left and right frontal cortex activity in human aggression. We conclude that an aggressive personality style and selective attention to angry faces are positively correlated with functional interhemispheric connectivity.
Brachial artery hyperemic blood flow velocities are related to carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Järhult Susann J. , Sundström Johan , Lind Lars 
Published: June 2009

SummaryObjective:  Cardiovascular (CV) risk relates to the blood flow velocity pattern in the brachial artery during hyperemia, especially to the hyperaemic systolic to diastolic mean blood flow velocity (SDFV) ratio. Here, we investigated the relations between SDFV in the brachial artery and different characteristics of carotid atherosclerosis.Material and methods:  Data were collected from 1016 70‐year‐olds participating in the Prospective Investigation of Uppsala Seniors study. Doppler recordings of blood flow velocity during hyperemia were analysed in the brachial artery. In the carotid artery, intima‐media thickness (IMT) was recorded together with an assessment of echogenicity by the Grey scale median (GSM) method in both overt plaques and in the intima‐media complex (IM‐GSM).Results:  The SDFV ratio was related to the number of carotid arteries affected by plaque (P = 0·018) and inversely to plaque echogenicity (P = 0·0003). The SDFV ratio was also related to IMT (P = 0·0022) and inversely to IM‐GSM (P = 0·0001). These relations were statistically significant also after adjusting for major CV risk factors, individually as well as summarised as the Framingham risk score.Conclusion:  Our results indicate that the hyperemic systolic to diastolic blood flow velocity ratio in the brachial artery is related to atherosclerosis in the carotid artery.
Economic impact of epilepsy in the United States
Authors: Yoon Dokyoung , Frick Kevin D. , Carr Deborah A. , Austin Joan K. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryPurpose:  To assess differences in medical care expenditures and informal care received for adults and children by individuals’ self‐reported epilepsy status and to estimate the total economic impact of epilepsy in the United States.Methods:  Pooled medical expenditure panel survey data from 1996–2004 were used. Children’s regression analyses were adjusted for race, sex, general self‐reported health status, family size, and age. Adults’ analyses were also adjusted for income and education. The national annual economic impact was estimated by multiplying the average individual differences by previously published national prevalence data.Results:  The results of regressions appropriately weighted to account for study design indicate excess medical expenditures for those with epilepsy of $4,523 [95% confidence interval: $3,184–$5,862]. Excess expenditures were similar for adults and children. Adults with epilepsy received 1.2 extra days of informal care [95% confidence interval: 0.2–2.3]. The national impact included $9.6 billion of medical expenditures and informal care.Discussion:  Epilepsy has significant impact on individual medical expenditure and generates a national impact in the billions of dollar.
Does Sex Influence Immunization Status for Influenza and Pneumonia in Older Veterans?
Authors: Bean‐Mayberry Bevanne , Yano Elizabeth M. , Mor Maria K. , Bayliss Nichole K. , Xu Xiangyan , Fine Michael J. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of influenza and pneumococcal immunization rates according to sex in a national sample of older veterans in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system.DESIGN: Retrospective, cross‐sectional.SETTING: VA healthcare system.PARTICIPANTS: Current VA healthcare system users aged 65 and older eligible for immunization in fiscal years 2001 to 2003 (N=48,424 patient records).MEASUREMENTS: Generalized estimating equations were performed to analyze combined chart review and administrative data to determine effect of sex on receipt of influenza and pneumococcal immunizations.RESULTS: Unadjusted immunization rates were higher for men than women for influenza (73% vs 69%) and pneumococcal (87% vs 83%) vaccine. Adjusting for demographics, clinical comorbidities, use, and region, women had significantly lower odds of influenza (odds ratio (OR)=0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI=0.79–0.92) and pneumococcal (OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.71–0.84) immunization.CONCLUSION: Older female veterans have lower rates of immunization than older male veterans in VA settings. Although VA remains above community levels for immunization, older female veterans will benefit from targeted efforts to increase immunization prevalence.
Insulinlike Growth Factor‐1, Insulinlike Growth Factor Binding Protein‐1, and Cognitive Function in Older Men and Women
Authors: Al‐Delaimy Wael K. , Von Muhlen Denise , Barrett‐Connor Elizabeth 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between insulinlike growth factor (IGF)‐1 and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)‐1 with three cognitive function tests in a healthy elderly population.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional analyses from the Rancho Bernardo Cohort Study.SETTING: Southern California community of Rancho Bernardo.PARTICIPANTS: Men (n=636) and women (n=899) from the Rancho Bernardo study (median age 74) were assessed between 1988 and 1992 for cognitive function using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Verbal Fluency (VF) test, and Trail‐Making Test Part B (Trails B). Blood samples were obtained at the same time for IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 levels. The association between biomarkers and cognitive function tests was assessed by dichotomizing tests at the clinically relevant cutoff using logistic regression and according to tertiles and continuous IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 levels using multivariate linear regression analyses.RESULTS: The mean MMSE, VF and Trails B scores indicated better cognitive function with higher IGF‐1 tertile. Multivariate analyses showed that VF and MMSE were each significantly associated with IGF‐1 in a dose‐response manner for men (P for trend=.001), but no cognitive function tests were related to IGF‐1 in women. For men, the highest IGFBP‐1 tertile was inversely and significantly different from the lowest tertile for the MMSE test only (P for trend=.02).CONCLUSION: IGF‐1 was independently and positively related to MMSE and VF in men, and IGFBP‐1 was inversely associated with MMSE in men. Sex differences in the association should be further investigated.
Superficial Distribution and Identification of Antifungal/Antimicrobial Agents on a Modified Tissue Conditioner by SEM‐EDS Microanalysis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Urban Vanessa Migliorini , Seó Rosangela Seiko , Giannini Marcelo , Arrais Cesar Augusto Galvao 
Published: June 2009

Abstract Purpose: This study evaluated the incorporation pattern of antifungal/antimicrobial agents added to a tissue conditioner by scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) analysis. Materials and Methods: The nystatin dosages incorporated into the tissue conditioner (Softone, Bosworth Co., Skokie, IL) powder were 500,000 U (G1) and 1,000,000 U (G2). The addition of miconazole was at 125 mg (G3) and 250 mg (G4), and ketoconazole was at 100 mg (G5) and 200 mg (G6). Chlorhexidine diacetate was blended at levels of 5% (G7) and 10% (G8) w/w of the total amount (6.35 g) of the tissue conditioner. The drug powder concentrations were blended with the tissue conditioner powder at different concentrations before the addition of the tissue conditioner liquid (5 mL) to the mixture. One group (G0) without any drug incorporation was used as control. Specimens (n = 5) (36 × 7 × 6 mm3) were plasticized at room temperature for 10 minutes and carbon sputter coated. All specimens were submitted to SEM‐EDS analysis. Results: Nystatin and miconazole specimens exhibited particles with irregular shapes and sizes uniformly distributed. Ketoconazole specimens showed small spherical particles with a slight distribution throughout the matrix. Chlorhexidine specimens exhibited irregular particles up to approximately 50 μm in size randomly dispersed within the matrix. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the modified tissue conditioner showed differences in the particle distribution and size of the antifungal/antimicrobial agent added to the plasticized matrix. Further studies would discriminate the most important particle features that may influence the drug leaching from the plasticized matrix.
Shear Bond Strength of Two Chemically Different Denture Base Polymers to Reline Materials
Authors: Ahmad Fauziah , Dent MClin , Yunus Norsiah 
Published: June 2009

Abstract Purpose: This study evaluated the shear bond strengths of light‐polymerized urethane dimethacrylate (Eclipse) and heat‐polymerized polymethylmethacrylate (Meliodent) denture base polymers to intraoral and laboratory‐processed reline materials. Materials and Methods: Thirty disks measuring 15 mm diameter and 2 mm thick were prepared for each denture base material following the manufacturers’ recommendation. They were relined with Meliodent RR, Kooliner, and Secure reline materials after 1 month of water immersion. Ten additional Eclipse specimens were relined using the same Eclipse resin. A shear bond test was carried out on an Instron machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min 24 hours after relining. Data were analyzed using two‐way and one‐way ANOVAs and post hoc Dunnett's T3 test (p= 0.05). The nature of failure was analyzed under a stereomicroscope. The effect of dichloromethane adhesive on the two denture polymer surfaces and the failed interfaces of mixed and adhesive failures were analyzed under a SEM (scanning electron microscope). Results: Two‐way ANOVA showed significant differences in the shear bond strength values as a function of the denture base polymers, reline materials, and their interaction (p < 0.05). One‐way ANOVA showed significant differences in shear bond strength values among denture base‐reline combinations (p < 0.05) except for Meliodent‐Kooliner and Eclipse‐Meliodent RR relines. Meliodent showed the highest shear bond strength value when relined with Meliodent RR (14.5 ± 0.5 MPa), and Eclipse showed the highest value with Eclipse relining (11.4 ± 0.6 MPa). Meliodent denture base showed adhesive, cohesive, and mixed failure, while all Eclipse showed adhesive failure with various reline materials. Conclusion: The two chemically different denture base polymers showed different shear bond strength values to corresponding reline materials.
Sealing Ability of Three Fiber Dowel Systems
Authors: Santos Virgínia , Perdigão Jorge , Gomes George , Silva Ana Luísa 
Published: June 2009

Abstract Purpose: To study the sealing ability of two new fiber dowel systems. Materials and Methods: Thirty‐six extracted single‐rooted teeth were endodontically treated and randomly assigned to two new fiber dowel systems and a control group: (1) an E‐glass‐based dowel, everStick‐POST, cemented with ParaCem Universal DC resin cement (EV); (2) a glass‐fiber dowel, RelyX Fiber Post, cemented with RelyX Unicem self‐adhesive resin cement (RX). The control group was restored with a glass‐fiber dowel, ParaPost Fiber Lux, cemented with ParaCem Universal DC resin cement (PP). The roots were isolated and immersed in a 50 wt% ammoniacal silver nitrate solution for 24 hours followed by 8 hours in a photo‐developing solution. The roots were sectioned in 1‐mm‐thick disks perpendicular to the long axis of the root. The specimens were processed for backscattered FESEM observation. For each tooth, the depth of silver infiltration into the root canal was measured by ranks from 0 to 8. For each disk, silver infiltration was measured as the percentage of leakage around the adhesive interface. Data were analyzed with Kruskal‐Wallis nonparametric tests at a significance level of 95%. Results: When the silver infiltration was computed from the coronal to the apical aspects of the root, RX resulted in the lowest degree of silver infiltration, but not statistically different from that of EV (p < 0.148). RX, however, resulted in a lower depth of silver infiltration than the control group PP at p < 0.023. EV resulted in a statistically similar depth of penetration to PP (p= 0.492). Although the total mean percentage of silver infiltration at the dentin‐resin cement interface was statistically similar for all groups (p= 0.632), EV resulted in the greater number of disks with silver infiltration (23 out of 96), followed by PP (21 out of 96) and RX (14 out of 96). None of the specimens showed leakage around the dowel‐resin cement interface. Conclusion: The use of the E‐glass dowels in EV did not improve the root‐wall sealing ability compared with the control group PP. The system RX, which uses a new simplified self‐adhesive protocol, resulted in a lower depth of silver infiltration than the control group PP.
Development of an Educational Packet for Persons with Life‐Threatening Food Allergies
Authors: Olson Bradley F. , Teuber Suzanne , Bruhn Christine M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT:  Previous studies have shown that those with severe food allergies have significant gaps in knowledge about their disease and how to prevent recurrences. The purpose of this study was to address these deficiencies by creating and testing an educational packet, “Coping with Food Allergies.” Participants included 46 of 58 adults with documented severe food allergies (response rate = 79%); and indeed, over half (57%) of the participants had experienced a food allergic reaction in the past year. The educational packet was tested in waves, with comments from participants used to revise the next version of the packet. Language targeted a lay audience and hand‐drawn illustrations were added to make the material more appealing. Most participants recommended expanding sections dealing with symptom management and approaches to take when eating at restaurants. These sections became prominent features of the final edition.The participants were equally divided regarding preferred learning type: text‐based compared with visual. No significant associations could be drawn between learning style and perceived clarity of information, with 93% finding the packet very clear and easy to read. Participants commented that the simple illustrations were ideal for a child with allergies or someone reading at a 6th to 8th grade level. Even among this group with longstanding food allergy, over 60% reported that they learned something new from the packet. “Coping with Food Allergies” will be made available to the public via the Food Safety Educators web site of the USDA and the allergy support group, Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network (FAAN).
Harvesting Anthropology for Public Consumption: Anthropologists Respond1 to Richard Manning's Book Against the Grain: How Agriculture has Hijacked Civilization: Introduction: The Missing Ethanol Chapter
Authors: Midgett Douglas 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe publication of Richard Manning's Against the Grain has particular importance for anthropologists interested in agriculture and its modern transformations. Comments of a panel of anthropologists and Manning's response are included in this set of articles. Recent developments in the production of corn for fuel ethanol in the midwestern United States is examined.
Genetically Modified Organisms as Public Goods: Plant Biotechnology Transfer in Colombia
Authors: Holmes Christina , Graham Janice E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper presents an exploration of biotechnology transfer and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as “public goods” for Colombia. Plant biotechnology tenders the promise of providing “public goods” in the form of increased agricultural productivity, economic development, and food security. However, these each have the potential to benefit different groups of people. Colombian scientists recognize this when discussing the uses of genetic modification. We examine the goals for which Colombian scientists suggest plant genetic engineering has promise as well as the barriers they encounter using the technology. Research using genetic engineering is difficult due to a lack of resources, the need to negotiate intellectual property rights, and regulatory hurdles. Nevertheless, Colombian scientists suggested that genetic modification by Colombians is important, as transnational companies would not necessarily develop crops to meet Colombian needs. We argue that interpretive complexity is necessary to understand the desire of Colombian scientists to engage with biotechnology.
Modified implant surfaces show different biofilm compositions under in vivo conditions
Authors: Größner‐Schreiber Birte , Teichmann Jan , Hannig Matthias , Dörfer Christof , Wenderoth Dirk F. , Ott Stephan J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective: Plaque accumulation on implant surfaces can result in peri‐implantitis with potential implant loss. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of zirconium nitride (ZrN) as a potential implant surface on the biofilm composition and diversity in vivo.Material and methods: ZrN‐ or titanium (Ti)‐coated glass specimens and ZrN or roughened Ti discs were used as substrates. Pure glass and polished titanium served as controls. The specimens were mounted on removable intraoral splints in five adults. After 24 h of intraoral exposure, the biofilms were analyzed applying single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP analysis) of 16S rRNA genes. Sequence analysis of the dominant bands excised from the SSCP fingerprints allowed to taxonomically describe bacteria derived from biofilm samples.Results: The highest number of bands was counted on pure glass and Ti 800. ZrN‐coated glass and ZrN‐coated titanium discs showed the lowest values for species richness. However, no significant differences were observed regarding the diversity of the identified bacterial species among all the surfaces examined. A total of 46 different bacteria were identified. The dominant bands within the fingerprints indicated bacteria belonging to the Streptococcus group as identified by their 16S rDNA sequence.Conclusion: A coating of glass surfaces with ZrN significantly reduced the species richness in early bacterial colonization but the diversity was not significantly changed. In consideration of the results obtained by this and former studies a ZrN coating appears to rather modify the quantity of early bacterial adherence than the quality of the microbial community structure.
A rough surface implant neck with microthreads reduces the amount of marginal bone loss: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Bratu Emanuel A. , Tandlich Moshik , Shapira Lior 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives: An intra‐individual controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate and compare the amount of marginal bone loss (MBL) found around implants of a comparable design, with or without retention grooves (microthreads) or polished necks, during the early stages of healing.Materials and methods: Forty‐eight (48) patients with missing mandibular posterior teeth were treated with two commercially available implants of the same brand (MIS): one with microthreads (S‐model) and the other with a polished neck (L‐model). MBL around each implant was measured on follow‐up radiograms taken 4 months after placement (exposure and crown cementation), and 6 and 12 months after loading.Results: Forty‐six (46) patients completed the study, making 46 implant pairs available for statistical analysis. None of the implants failed to integrate. All the implants displayed some extent of bone loss throughout the follow‐up period. At each time point (exposure, 6 and 12 months after loading), the S‐model implants displayed statistically significant lower amounts of bone loss (0.22 vs. 0.76, 0.57 vs. 1.22 and 0.9 vs. 1.5 mm, respectively). Other than the type of the implant, no correlation was found between MBL and the implant stability values (PerioTest), dimensions, site of insertion or any of the other collected variables.Conclusions: Implants with a roughened neck surface and microthreads are more resistant to MBL during the first phases of healing, as compared with implants with a polished neck.