bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the potential for algae and macrophytes to degrade crop protection products in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Thomas Kevin A , Hand Laurence H 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Rates of pesticide degradation in aquatic ecosystems often differ between those observed within laboratory studies and field trials. Under field conditions, a number of additional processes may well have a significant role, yet are excluded from standard laboratory studies, for example, metabolism by aquatic plants, phytoplankton, and periphyton. These constituents of natural aquatic ecosystems have been shown to be capable of metabolizing a range of crop protection products. Here we report the rate of degradation of six crop protection products assessed in parallel in three systems, under reproducible, defined laboratory conditions, designed to compare aquatic sediment systems which exclude macrophytes and algae against those in which macrophytes and/or algae are included. All three systems remained as close as possible to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 308 guidelines, assessing degradation of parent compound in the total system in mass balanced studies using (14C) labeled compounds. We observed, in all cases where estimated, significant increases in the rate of degradation in both the algae and macrophyte systems when compared to the standard systems. By assessing total system degradation within closed, mass balanced studies, we have shown that rates of degradation are enhanced in water/sediment systems that include macrophytes and algae. The contribution of these communities should therefore be considered if the aquatic fate of pesticides is to be fully understood. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:622–631. © 2011 SETAC
Persistence of triclocarban and triclosan in soils after land application of biosolids and bioaccumulation in Eisenia foetida
Authors: Higgins Christopher P , Paesani Zachary J , Abbott Chalew Talia E , Halden Rolf U , Hundal Lakhwinder S 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The presence of the antimicrobial chemicals triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) in municipal biosolids has raised concerns about the potential impacts of these chemicals on soil ecosystems following land application of municipal biosolids. The relative persistence of TCC and TCS in agricultural fields receiving yearly applications of biosolids at six different loading rates over a three-year period was investigated. Soil and biosolids samples were collected, extracted, and analyzed for TCC and TCS using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, the potential for bioaccumulation of TCC and TCS from the biosolids-amended soils was assessed over 28 d in the earthworm Eisenia foetida. Standard 28-d bioaccumulation tests were conducted for three biosolids loading rates from two sites, representing agronomic and twice the agronomic rates of biosolids application plots as well as control plots receiving no applications of biosolids. Additional bioaccumulation kinetic data were collected for the soils receiving the high biosolids loadings to ensure attainment of quasi steady-state conditions. The results indicate that TCC is relatively more persistent in biosolids-amended soil than TCS. In addition, TCC bioaccumulated in E. foetida, reaching body burdens of 25 ± 4 and 133 ± 17 ng/gww in worms exposed for 28 d to the two soils amended with biosolids at agronomic rates. The 28-d organic carbon and lipid-normalized biota soil accumulation factors (BSAFs) were calculated for TCC and ranged from 0.22 ± 0.12 to 0.71 ± 0.13. These findings suggest that TCC bioaccumulation is somewhat consistent with the traditional hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC) partitioning paradigm. However, these data also suggest substantially reduced bioavailability of TCC in biosolids-amended soils compared with HOC partitioning theory. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:556–563. © 2011 SETAC
An enriched stable isotope technique to estimate the availability of soil zinc to Lumbricus terrestris (L.) across a salinization gradient
Authors: Rodgers Derek W , Lev Steven M , Snodgrass Joel W , Ownby David R , Prince Lisa M , Casey Ryan E 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
An enriched stable isotope approach was developed to evaluate Zn bioavailability to Lumbricus terrestris. The decrease in 68Zn/66Zn in organ tissues was used to assess the relative magnitude of the bioavailable soil Zn pool. This tool was then used to specifically evaluate bioavailability as a function of soil cation distribution. Storm-water pond soils were modified using two treatment regimens whereby H2O-extractable Zn was varied either by different ZnCl2 amendments or by constant ZnCl2 amendment followed by varying the soil cation distribution through salt amendments (NaCl or CaCl2). Earthworms previously equilibrated in 68Zn-spiked soil were introduced to experimental soils, and after 2 d, removed for analysis of isotopic ratios in specific tissues. Despite a wide range of H2O-extractable Zn values produced by the salt treatments (0.007–24.3 mg/kg), a significant relationship between Zn turnover rate in earthworm tissues and H2O-extractable Zn in the salt-treated soils was not observed. Rather, considering both treatment regimens, turnover rate better correlated with Zn present in broader pools, such as that extracted by 6M HNO3. The bioavailability of trace metals to earthworms may be poorly characterized by loosely bound fractions such as the pore water. Additionally, the turnover rate of 68Zn in anterior organ tissues may be an effective tool to evaluate the relative magnitude of the bioavailable soil Zn pool. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:607–615. © 2010 SETAC
Sorption mechanisms of coexisting PAHs on sediment organic fractions
Authors: Yang Zhifeng , Wang Lili , Niu Junfeng 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to natural sediment and isolated organic fractions, including demineralized organic matter (DM), condensed organic matter (COM), and black carbon (BC), was investigated to provide insight into sorption mechanisms. The organic carbon normalized distribution coefficient KOC measured for DM was 0.8 to 3.0 times higher than that of bulk sediment, indicating the physical protection of favorable PAH sorption domains by mineral conformation; that is, mineral enwrapping was supposed to prevent physically the accessing process of the sorbate molecules to the sorption domain. Surface area–normalized KOC values showed that the differences between COM and BC in the sorption capability were caused largely by their surface areas, additionally indicating the importance of solid physical structure. In considering specific interactions, mature organic fractions with polyaromatic sheets were implied to be affected by π–π interaction, whereas the DM sample that contained the electron-repulsive N–H group hardly sorbed PAHs via this interaction. Besides sorbent characteristics, PAH properties were also assumed to influence the sorption process. The hydrophobicity normalized sorption coefficient increased in the order of fluoranthene &gt; phenanthrene &gt; pyrene &gt; fluorine &gt; acenaphthene, with pyrene showing an exceptional order. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:576–581. © 2011 SETAC
Occurrence and fate of the herbicide glyphosate and its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid in the atmosphere
Authors: Chang Feng-chih , Simcik Matt F , Capel Paul D 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
This is the first report on the ambient levels of glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide in the United States, and its major degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in air and rain. Concurrent, weekly integrated air particle and rain samples were collected during two growing seasons in agricultural areas in Mississippi and Iowa. Rain was also collected in Indiana in a preliminary phase of the study. The frequency of glyphosate detection ranged from 60 to 100% in both air and rain. The concentrations of glyphosate ranged from &lt;0.01 to 9.1 ng/m3 and from &lt;0.1 to 2.5 µg/L in air and rain samples, respectively. The frequency of detection and median and maximum concentrations of glyphosate in air were similar or greater to those of the other high-use herbicides observed in the Mississippi River basin, whereas its concentration in rain was greater than the other herbicides. It is not known what percentage of the applied glyphosate is introduced into the air, but it was estimated that up to 0.7% of application is removed from the air in rainfall. Glyphosate is efficiently removed from the air; it is estimated that an average of 97% of the glyphosate in the air is removed by a weekly rainfall ≥30 mm. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:548–555. © 2011 SETAC
Mid‐infrared polarization spectroscopy: A tool for in situ measurements of toxic gases in smoke‐laden environments
Authors: Sun Z. W. , Försth M. , Li Z. S. , Li B. , Aldén M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractInfrared polarization spectroscopy (IRPS) was used to detect HCl in an 800 mm long tube furnace. Pieces of a polyvinyl chloride‐carpet were continuously fed into the furnace producing a heavy smoke, which is exemplified by the fact that the smoke completely obscured a red laser beam from a He‐Ne laser. This constitutes a very harsh environment from a diagnostic point of view due to the high smoke density and relatively long path through the furnace. Despite this it was still possible to measure HCl concentrations in the smoke down to a level of ∼50ppm using IRPS. The explanation for this success is twofold. First, the IRPS method is inherently almost noise free due to the use of crossed polarizers, creating a virtually zero background. Second, the laser beam attenuation due to non‐resonant absorption and scattering in the smoke, especially with soot particles, decreases with increasing laser wavelength. Therefore, this type of measurements would have been much more difficult to perform in the visible regime (with wavelengths ∼0.5µm) than in the infrared regime (with wavelengths ∼3µm). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction of plasma hepatocyte growth factor levels in non‐small cell lung cancer patients treated with EGFR‐TKIs
Authors: Tanaka Hidenori , Kimura Tatsuo , Kudoh Shinzoh , Mitsuoka Shigeki , Watanabe Tetsuya , Suzumura Tomohiro , Tachibana Keisei , Noguchi Masayuki , Yano Seiji , Hirata Kazuto 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHepatocyte growth factor induces resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. It has been hypothesized that epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors administration may influence the levels of plasma hepatocyte growth factor. Patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer and relapsed after chemotherapies were eligible. Plasma hepatocyte growth factor levels were analyzed on pretreatment and post‐treatment day 15 and 30. We also investigated the correlation between plasma hepatocyte growth factor levels and sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, tissue immunoreactivity for hepatocyte growth factor and MET gene status. Thirty‐one patients were enrolled. Plasma hepatocyte growth factor levels on post‐treatment day 15 (630.1 ± 366.9 pg/ml) were significantly higher (p = 0.029) than the pretreatment plasma hepatocyte growth factor levels (485.9 ± 230.2 pg/ml). Plasma hepatocyte growth factor levels on the post‐treatment day 30 (581.5 ± 298.1 pg/ml) tend to be higher than those before treatment (p = 0.057). Pretreatment plasma hepatocyte growth factor levels in patients with progressive disease (724.1 ± 216.4 pg/ml) were significantly higher than those in patients with stable disease (396.5 ± 148.3 pg/ml; p = 0.0008) and partial response (381.7 ± 179.0 pg/ml; p = 0.0039). The optimal pretreatment plasma hepatocyte growth factor cut‐off value for diagnosis of responder was 553.5 pg/ml, and its sensitivity and specificity were 90% and 65%, respectively. Pretreatment plasma hepatocyte growth factor levels had no correlation with tissue immunoreactivities for hepatocyte growth factor, MET gene status and active EGFR mutations. Administration of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors significantly increased plasma hepatocyte growth factor levels. High levels of pretreatment plasma hepatocyte growth factor indicated intrinsic resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Plasma hepatocyte growth factor can serve as a useful biomarker for the early diagnosis of tumor relapse treated with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Characterization and outcome of breast needle core biopsy diagnoses of lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) in abnormalities detected by mammographic screening
Authors: Rakha Emad A. , Lee Andrew H.S. , Jenkins Jacquie A. , Murphy Alison E. , Hamilton Lisa J. , Ellis Ian O. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the setting of breast cancer screening, 5–9% of needle core biopsies are diagnosed as lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3). The management of these lesions is potentially problematic as the data on their outcome remains limited. In our study, we aim to assess the outcome of screen‐detected lesions diagnosed as B3 in a large series to validate previous studies and to characterize the malignant lesions detected after a B3 diagnosis. Therefore, the results of 1,025 needle core biopsies of women screened over a 7‐year period (1999–2006) in two different regions in the UK with B3 diagnoses who underwent surgical excision were reviewed and compared to the final excision histology. Final histology showed that 25% of cases were malignant (17% ductal carcinoma in situ and 8% invasive). Predictors of malignancy included calcification on imaging and epithelial atypia on needle core biopsy particularly atypical ductal hyperplasia [positive predictive value 50%]. Pure flat epithelial atypia showed the lowest positive predictive value amongst all epithelial atypia groups (21%). The positive predictive value was low for complex sclerosing lesions (9%) and papillary lesions (13%) without epithelial atypia. Malignant tumors detected after B3 diagnosis showed favorable histological features, the majority were in situ, and most belonged to the low grade breast neoplasia family that is associated with indolent behavior. The underlying radiological abnormality was calcification in 44% of cases and the imaging classification was malignant/suspicious in 38%. In conclusion, our results further emphasize the heterogeneity of B3 lesions and that the likelihood of malignancy varies substantially between different histological subtypes. Malignancy is particularly associated with epithelial atypia suggesting the use of two categories of with and without epithelial atypia. Radiological findings provided useful information regarding the nature and outcome of B3 lesions.
Intercountry prevalences and practices of betel‐quid use in south, southeast and eastern asia regions and associated oral preneoplastic disorders: An international collaborative study by asian betel‐quid consortium of south and east Asia
Authors: Lee Chien‐Hung , Ko Albert Min‐Shan , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Yin Bang‐Liang , Sunarjo  , Zain Rosnah Binti , Ibrahim Salah Osman , Liu Zhi‐Wen , Li Wen‐Hui , Zhang Shan‐Shan , Kuntoro  , Utomo Budi , Rajapakse Palandage Sunethra , Warusavithana Supun Amila , Abdul Razak Ishak , Abdullah Norlida , Shrestha Prashanta , Kwan Aij‐Lie , Shieh Tien‐Yu , Chen Mu‐Kuan , Ko Ying‐Chin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHealth risks stemming from betel‐quid (BQ) chewing are frequently overlooked by people. Updated epidemiological data on the increased BQ use among Asian populations using comparable data collection methods have not been widely available. To investigate the prevalence, patterns of practice and associated types of oral preneoplastic disorders, an intercountry Asian Betel‐quid Consortium study (the ABC study) was conducted for Taiwan, Mainland China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Nepal and Sri Lanka. A random sample of 8,922 subjects was recruited, and the data were analyzed using survey‐data modules adjusted for the complex survey design. Chewing rates among men (10.7–43.6%) were significantly higher than women (1.8–34.9%) in Taiwan, Mainland China, Nepal and Sri Lanka, while women's rates (29.5–46.8%) were higher than that for men (9.8–12.0%) in Malaysia and Indonesia. An emerging, higher proportion of new‐users were identified for Hunan in Mainland China (11.1–24.7%), where Hunan chewers have the unique practice of using the dried husk of areca fruit rather than the solid nut universally used by others. Men in the Eastern and South Asian study communities were deemed likely to combine chewing with smoking and drinking (5.6–13.6%). Indonesian women who chewed BQ exhibited the highest prevalence of oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis and oral leukoplakia (9.1–17.3%). Lower schooling, alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking were identified as being associated with BQ chewing. In conclusion, the ABC study reveals the significant cultural and demographic differences contributing to practice patterns of BQ usage and the great health risks that such practices pose in the Asian region.
Reactive species and DNA damage in chronic inflammation: reconciling chemical mechanisms and biological fates
Authors: Lonkar Pallavi , Dedon Peter C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractChronic inflammation has long been recognized as a risk factor for many human cancers. One mechanistic link between inflammation and cancer involves the generation of nitric oxide, superoxide and other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by macrophages and neutrophils that infiltrate sites of inflammation. Although pathologically high levels of these reactive species cause damage to biological molecules, including DNA, nitric oxide at lower levels plays important physiological roles in cell signaling and apoptosis. This raises the question of inflammation‐induced imbalances in physiological and pathological pathways mediated by chemical mediators of inflammation. At pathological levels, the damage sustained by nucleic acids represents the full spectrum of chemistries and likely plays an important role in carcinogenesis. This suggests that DNA damage products could serve as biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in clinically accessible compartments such as blood and urine. However, recent studies of the biotransformation of DNA damage products before excretion point to a weakness in our understanding of the biological fates of the DNA lesions and thus to a limitation in the use of DNA lesions as biomarkers. This review will address these and other issues surrounding inflammation‐mediated DNA damage on the road to cancer.
Circulating perivascular progenitors: A target of PDGFR inhibition
Authors: Mancuso Patrizia , Martin‐Padura Ines , Calleri Angelica , Marighetti Paola , Quarna Jessica , Rabascio Cristina , Braidotti Paola , Bertolini Francesco 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCancer blood vessels consist of two interacting types of cells: inner lining endothelial cells (ECs) and surrounding perivascular cells (pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells or mural cells). PDGFRbeta(CD140b)+ progenitor perivascular cells (PPC) can differentiate into pericytes and regulate vessel stability and vascular survival in tumors. Similarly to what we have done with circulating ECs and progenitors, we developed a flow cytometry procedure for the enumeration of circulating PPCs and the study of their viability in murine models of cancer and in cancer patients. DNA+CD45−CD31−CD140b+ cells were enumerated by six‐colour flow cytometry, their morphology was studied by electron microscopy, PPC specificity confirmed by reverse trascription‐PCR (RT‐PCR) expression of CD140b mRNA, and viability assessed by Syto16 and 7AAD. In preclinical marrow transplantation studies, 9 ± 4% of circulating PPCs were derived from the marrow donor. PPCs were increased in cancer‐bearing mice and in patients affected by some types of cancer. At variance with the kinetic of circulating endothelial progenitors, high‐dose cyclophosphamide reduced the number of viable PPCs. The administration of sunitinib, a drug known to inhibit PDGFR, was associated in murine models and in cancer patients with an increase of apoptotic/necrotic circulating PPC, suggesting a direct targeting of these cells. PPC enumeration might be studied as a tool for the definition of the optimal biologic dose of anti‐PDGFR drugs and investigated clinically as a possible predictive/prognostic tool in patients receiving anti‐PDGFR drugs.
Tetrandrine induces apoptosis by activating reactive oxygen species and repressing Akt activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Chaoyang , Gong Ke , Mao Xin , Li Wenhua 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid component of broadly used traditional Chinese medicine, has antitumor effects against some cancers. In our study, we investigated the effects of tetrandrine on the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that tetrandrine effectively induced apoptosis of liver cancer cell in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner accompanied by alteration of cell morphology, chromatin fragmentation and caspase activation. Tetrandrine treatment also induced intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ROS scavengers (LNAC and GSH) completely blocked the effects of tetrandrine‐induced apoptosis, suggesting that the generation of ROS plays an important role in tetrandrine‐induced apoptosis. Although the activities of JNK and ERK were inhibited significantly by tetrandrine treatment, JNK and ERK are not involved in the tetrandrine‐induced apoptosis. In contrast, Akt activity was found to be closely related to tetrandrine‐induced apoptosis. The data demonstrated that Akt activity inhibitor LY294002 synergistically promoted tetrandrine‐induced apoptosis of HCC, whereas ectopic expression of Akt contrastly abrogated partial of the tetrandrine‐induced apoptosis. These data suggest that Akt signal is the downstream event of ROS generation in the tetrandrine‐induced HCC cell apoptosis. Moreover, the results of xenograft in nude mice were consistent with that of the in vitro studies. Therefore, our data suggest that tetrandrine may be a promising agent for the treatment of HCC as a regulator of ROS/Akt pathway.