bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential bone regeneration effects of leptin- and osteolectin-coated 3D-printed PCL scaffolds: an in vivo study
Authors: Kim Young-Ran , Yun Eun-Byeol , Ryu Dam-In , Kim Bo-Hye , Kim Joong-Seon , Kim Ye-Seul , Kang Jin-Ho , Cho Eun-Hyo , Koh Jeong-Tae , Lim Hyun-Pil , Park Chan , Lee Bin-Na 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of bone regeneration upon the application of leptin and osteolectin to a three-dimensional (3D) printed poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold. A fused deposition modeling 3D bioprinter was used to fabricate scaffolds with a diameter of 4.5 mm, a height of 0.5 mm, and a pore size of 420–520 nm using PCL (molecular weight: 43 000). After amination of the scaffold surface for leptin and osteolectin adhesion, the experimental groups were divided into the PCL scaffold (control), the aminated PCL (PCL/Amine) scaffold, the leptin-coated PCL (PCL/Leptin) scaffold, and the osteolectin-coated PCL (PCL/Osteo) scaffold. Next, the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) assay was used to assess cell viability. All groups exhibited cell viability rates of >100%. Female 7-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats were used for in vivo experiments. Calvarial defects were introduced on the rats’ skulls using a 5.5 mm trephine bur. The rats were divided into the PCL (control), PCL/Leptin, and PCL/Osteo scaffold groups. The scaffolds were then inserted into the calvarial defect areas, and the rats were sacrificed after 8-weeks to analyze the defect area. Micro-CT analysis indicated that the leptin- and osteolectin-coated scaffolds exhibited significantly higher bone regeneration. Histological analysis revealed new bone and blood vessels in the calvarial defect area. These findings indicate that the 3D-printed PCL scaffold allows for patient-customized fabrication as well as the easy application of proteins like leptin and osteolectin. Moreover, leptin and osteolectin did not show cytotoxicity and exhibited higher bone regeneration potential than the existing scaffold.
Heat current properties of a rotor chain type model with next-nearest-neighbor interactions
Authors: Lemos Humberto C F , Pereira Emmanuel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this article, to study the heat flow behavior, we perform analytical investigations in a rotor chain type model (involving inner stochastic noises) with next and next-nearest-neighbor (NN) interactions. It is known in the literature that the chain rotor model with long range interactions presents an insulating phase for the heat conductivity. But we show, in contrast with such a behavior, that the addition of a next-NN potential increases the thermal conductivity, at least in the low temperature regime, indicating that the insulating property is a genuine long range interaction effect. We still establish, now by numerical computations, the existence of a thermal rectification in systems with graded structures.
Advancements in gradient bone scaffolds: enhancing bone regeneration in the treatment of various bone disorders
Authors: Zhen Chengdong , Shi Yanbin , Wang Wenguang , Zhou Guangzhen , Li Heng , Lin Guimei , Wang Fei , Tang Bingtao , Li Xuelin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Bone scaffolds are widely employed for treating various bone disorders, including defects, fractures, and accidents. Gradient bone scaffolds present a promising approach by incorporating gradients in shape, porosity, density, and other properties, mimicking the natural human body structure. This design offers several advantages over traditional scaffolds. A key advantage is the enhanced matching of human tissue properties, facilitating cell adhesion and migration. Furthermore, the gradient structure fosters a smooth transition between scaffold and surrounding tissue, minimizing the risk of inflammation or rejection. Mechanical stability is also improved, providing better support for bone regeneration. Additionally, gradient bone scaffolds can integrate drug delivery systems, enabling controlled release of drugs or growth factors to promote specific cellular activities during the healing process. This comprehensive review examines the design aspects of gradient bone scaffolds, encompassing structure and drug delivery capabilities. By optimizing the scaffold’s inherent advantages through gradient design, bone regeneration outcomes can be improved. The insights presented in this article contribute to the academic understanding of gradient bone scaffolds and their applications in bone tissue engineering.
The Physical Signature of Computation
Authors: Anderson Neal G , Piccinini Gualtiero 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This book articulates and defends the robust mapping account—the most systematic, rigorous, and comprehensive account of computational implementation to date. Drawing in part from recent results in physical information theory, it argues that mapping accounts of implementation can be made adequate by incorporating appropriate physical constraints. According to the robust mapping account, the key constraint on mappings from physical to computational states—the key for establishing that a computation is physically implemented—is physical-computational equivalence: evolving physical states bear neither more nor less information about the evolving computation than do the computational states they map onto. When this highly nontrivial constraint is satisfied, among others that are spelled out as part of the account, a physical system can be said to implement a computation in a robust sense, which means that the system bears the physical signature of that computation. The book applies this robust mapping account to important questions in physical foundations of computation and cognitive science, including the alleged indeterminacy of computation, pancomputationalism, and the computational theory of mind. It shows that physical computation is determinate, nontrivial versions of pancomputationalism fail, and cognition involves computation only insofar as neurocognitive systems bear the physical signature of specific computations. It also argues that both consciousness and physics outstrip computation.
Ontic Pancomputationalism
Authors: Anderson Neal G , Piccinini Gualtiero 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines ontic pancomputationalism, the view that the physical universe is fundamentally computational or, more precisely, that every physical system objectively performs one computation, which exhausts the nature of the system. Ontic pancomputationalism includes a metaphysical claim and, in some versions, an empirical claim. The empirical claim is that, according to some versions of ontic pancomputationalism, the world is fundamentally discrete rather than continuous. But there is no empirical evidence for such a radical departure from standard physics. The metaphysical claim is that the nature of physical systems is entirely computational. But it is unclear how computations alone—which lack the right kinds of causal, structural, and qualitative properties—can give rise to the multifarious physical systems and phenomena that we commonly experience.
Fasting, Forgetting, and Mirroring
Authors: Fraser Chris 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter applies an analytic framework introduced by Michel Foucault to examine the Zhuangist adept’s process of self-constitution or ‘ethical work’. The chapter suggests that the crux of the practical process by which the Zhuangist agent becomes a dào virtuoso who wanders the way and applies dé to live a flourishing Zhuangist life lies in attaining the blank, clear, or open psychological state the texts describe as ‘emptiness’ or ‘openness’ (xu). The major technique for attaining such emptiness is ‘fasting’ or ‘purging’ the heart or mind, thereby ‘forgetting’ (wang) distractions and attending fully to one’s situation. Agents who successfully ‘forget’ and attain ‘emptiness’ are able to apply their heart or mind ‘like a mirror’, thus manifesting the contextual sensitivity needed to find appropriate courses of action in changing circumstances. This mirror-like functioning is thought to facilitate a life of dé and wandering. The chapter investigates accounts in the Zhuāngzǐ of the practices, techniques, and processes by which an agent may become an ethical adept and considers potential shortcomings of this Zhuangist approach to ethical work. It concludes that, provided we remain aware of its limitations, the Zhuangist approach may indeed be fruitful.
A Path with No End
Authors: Fraser Chris 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe chapter examines respects in which dào is embodied in skills while also being distinct from them. The discussion contrasts Mohist ethics with Zhuangist views. For the Mohists, the pursuit of dào—and thus the ethical life—is strongly analogous to the performance of skills. Like an artisan’s craft, dào has a fixed end that can be explicitly indicated through clear standards. In the Zhuāngzǐ, by contrast, dào is unlike skill in having no fixed, predetermined ends. Proceeding along dào is an indeterminate, open-ended process in which our path may repeatedly change shape or direction. The chapter suggests that Zhuangist evaluations of an agent’s performance of dào resemble assessments of skill, couched in terms of how effective, successful, competent, or adroit one’s activity is. Since dào has no fixed ends, however, the criteria by which we assess dào performance must be contingent and adaptive, shifting from context to context depending on the agent’s provisional ends, interests, abilities, and circumstances. This open-ended outlook on dào might raise worries about whether even malevolent conduct could qualify as adept performance of dào, provided it is sufficiently skilful. The chapter argues that a Zhuangist approach offers compelling reasons to consider a malevolent way of life defective, because it amounts to a poor performance of dào.
Objectivity
Authors: Bengson John , Cuneo Terence , Shafer-Landau Russ 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Moral realism is committed to the existence of objective moral facts. This chapter substantiates realism’s claim that moral reality is objective in two crucial respects. First, all moral truths and facts must satisfy certain substantive constraints, which ensures it’s not the case that anything goes in the moral domain. Second, a range of moral facts are stance-independent. This ensures that such truths and facts are not determined by arbitrary attitudes or behaviors, such as those which are uninformed, biased, or irrational. While the chapter’s defense and explanation of the first claim builds on work done in previous chapters, its defense and explanation of the second claim appeals to novel claims regarding moral essences.
Deep Normativity
Authors: Bengson John , Cuneo Terence , Shafer-Landau Russ 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter develops an argument for moral nonnaturalism, the view that some moral properties are both instantiated and deeply normative (i.e., every set of facts encompassing its whole essence includes a normative property). Building on the work of previous chapters, this one argues for the deep normativity of being morally required. It does so by locating a pair of normative properties—being befitting and being favored by strong moral reasons—in the essence of moral requirement, and then arguing that these elements are ineliminable in any complete, correct specification of the essence of moral requirement. The chapter then proceeds to argue for the Enchantment thesis, which states that some nonnormative properties are both instantiated and deeply normative. It concludes with a review of objections to nonnaturalism, and replies.
The Relationship Between L2 Spanish Proficiency and Features of Written Lexical and Lexicogrammatical Use
Authors: Consolini Carla H , Kyle Kristopher 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Research has demonstrated that features of lexical and lexicogrammatical use are important predictors of productive second language (L2) proficiency (e.g. Kyle et al. 2018). While some features of lexical use have been studied with L2s other than English (e.g. Tracy-Ventura 2017), multivariate lexical and lexicogrammatical approaches in these L2s are rare. In this study, we extend the use of multivariate approaches to L2 Spanish writing. Our learner data included a subset of the CEDEL2 corpus (Lozano 2021), comprised of proficiency scores and 644 descriptive essays written in L2 Spanish by L1 English writers. Correlational analyses were conducted between proficiency scores and indices of lexical diversity (e.g. MTLD), mean word and bigram frequencies, and bigram strength of association (MI, delta). A final regression analysis accounted for 48.3 per cent of the variance in proficiency scores. Following previous L2 English writing research (e.g. Kyle et al. 2018; Monteiro et al. 2020), more proficient L2 Spanish writers tended to use a wider variety of lexical items, more strongly associated word combinations, and lexical items that are less frequent in corpora.
Extraction and antioxidant capacity of mycosporine-like amino acids from red algae in Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Ryuya , Toriumi Shigeru , Kawagoe Chikara , Saburi Wataru , Kishimura Hideki , Kumagai Yuya 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are the natural UV-absorbing compounds with antioxidant activity found in microalgae and macroalgae. We collected red algae Asparagopsis taxiformis, Meristotheca japonica, and Polysiphonia senticulosa from Nagasaki, where UV radiation is more intense than in Hokkaido, and investigated the effect of UV radiation on MAA content. It was suggested that A. taxiformis and M. japonica contained shinorine and palythine, while UV-absorbing compound in P. senticulosa could not be identified. The amounts of these MAAs were lower compared to those from Hokkaido. Despite an increase in UV radiation in both regions from February to April, MAA contents of red algae from Nagasaki slightly decreased while those from Hokkaido significantly decreased. This difference was suggested the amount of inorganic nitrogen in the ocean. Antioxidant activity of MAAs increased under alkaline conditions. The extract containing MAAs from P. senticulosa showed the highest antioxidant activity among 4 red algae.
Comparison of assay methods for quantifying sex hormone concentrations across the menstrual cycle in rhesus macaques
Authors: Fecteau Kristopher M , Winchell Andrea J , Blue Steven W , Appleman Maria Luisa , Urbanski Henryk F , Erikson David W 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Immunoassays have been the preferred method for steroid hormone analysis for more than 50 years. Automated immunoassays (AIAs) offer high throughput, rapid data turnaround, and low cost for measuring steroid hormone concentrations. The application of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for steroid quantification provides greater specificity and selectivity for individual steroids, the ability to simultaneously analyze multiple steroids, and high throughput and automation. We compared AIA and LC-MS/MS for analysis of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) over the course of several menstrual cycles in 12 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Serum samples were collected every 4 days across four menstrual cycles from each monkey. AIAs were performed on a Roche cobas e411 analyzer. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed on a Shimadzu-Nexera-LCMS-8060 instrument. Scatter plots with Passing–Bablok regression showed excellent agreement between AIA and LC-MS/MS for both E2 and P4. Bland–Altman plots revealed no bias for either method; however, AIA overestimated E2 at concentrations &gt;140 pg/ml and underestimated P4 at concentrations &gt;4 ng/ml compared to LC-MS/MS. A comparison of testosterone concentrations measured by AIA and LC-MS/MS in the same samples was also performed. In contrast to E2 and P4, AIA and LC-MS/MS yielded significantly different results for testosterone concentrations, with AIA consistently underestimating concentrations relative to those obtained by LC-MS/MS. Well-characterized automated immunoassays are an excellent tool for daily monitoring of monkey menstrual cycles or providing single data points requiring fast turnaround. In certain situations where AIAs may provide inaccurate estimations of E2 and P4 concentrations, LC-MS/MS assays are preferable.
Revitalizing community empowerment: harnessing the synergy of faith-based NGOs and Laverack’s domain approach
Authors: Chowdhury Shofiqur Rahman , Islam M Rezaul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This research investigated the community empowerment initiatives of Islamic Relief (IR) Bangladesh, a faith-based non-governmental organization (NGO), using Laverack’s domain approach. The study employed a quantitative approach, where data were collected from the beneficiaries of the Action for Peoples Rights and Livelihoods (APRIL) project of IRB in the Kalikagaon village in Thakurgaon District, Bangladesh. Findings revealed that IR Bangladesh primarily empowered women and shared similarities with conventional NGOs in the country. However, unique aspects included non-interest-based loans, revolving funds, and community-led group operations. The organization’s services were inclusive, irrespective of religious affiliation. The study confirmed that IR’s activities contribute to community empowerment across Laverack’s nine domains. Policy implications include establishing an Apex Body (Apex Body refers to the highest decision-making and coordinating authority within the community, often responsible for overseeing and managing the overall implementation of various development initiatives.) at project inception, forming a national alliance with IR, providing ongoing training for collective responsibility, and emphasizing publications and research to counter misconceptions. The study findings hold relevance beyond rural Bangladesh, offering insights for development interventions in similar socio-cultural contexts, and contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals in various developing countries.
Measurement of antioxidant activity against superoxide radical anions by sonochemiluminescence
Authors: Kuriya Hikari , Zhang Qilan , Sasahara Shusuke , Wakamiya Masanori , Soejima Junichiro , Jin Jiye 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper, for the first time, reports on an alternative method for measuring the free radical-scavenging properties of phenolic compounds, specifically against superoxide anion radicals (O2•−) by the sonochemiluminescence (SCL) of lucigenin (Luc2+). A miniaturized sonochemical reactor is developed for the SCL observation under pulsed 450 kHz ultrasound irradiation.
Political Language in Economics
Authors: Jelveh Zubin , Kogut Bruce , Naidu Suresh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Does academic writing in economics reflect the political orientation of economists? We use machine learning to measure partisanship in academic economics articles. We predict the observed political behaviour of a subset of economists using phrases from their academic articles, show good out-of-sample predictive accuracy and then predict partisanship for all economists. We then use these predictions to examine patterns of political language in economics. We estimate journal-specific effects on predicted ideology, controlling for author and year fixed effects, that accord with existing survey-based measures. We show considerable sorting of economists into fields of research by predicted partisanship. We also show that partisanship is detectable even within fields, even across those estimating the same theoretical parameter. Using policy-relevant parameters collected from previous meta-analyses, we then show that imputed partisanship is correlated with estimated parameters, such that the implied policy prescription is consistent with partisan leaning. For example, we find that going from the most left-wing authored estimate of the taxable top income elasticity to the most right-wing authored estimate decreases the optimal tax rate from 77% to 60%.
Embolic strokes of undetermined source: a clinical consensus statement of the ESC Council on Stroke, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the European Heart Rhythm Association of the ESC
Authors: Ntaios George , Baumgartner Helmut , Doehner Wolfram , Donal Erwan , Edvardsen Thor , Healey Jeff S , Iung Bernard , Kamel Hooman , Kasner Scott E , Korompoki Eleni , Navi Babak B , Pristipino Christian , Saba Luca , Schnabel Renate B , Svennberg Emma , Lip Gregory Y H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
One in six ischaemic stroke patients has an embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), defined as a stroke with unclear aetiology despite recommended diagnostic evaluation. The overall cardiovascular risk of ESUS is high and it is important to optimize strategies to prevent recurrent stroke and other cardiovascular events. The aim of clinicians when confronted with a patient not only with ESUS but also with any other medical condition of unclear aetiology is to identify the actual cause amongst a list of potential differential diagnoses, in order to optimize secondary prevention. However, specifically in ESUS, this may be challenging as multiple potential thromboembolic sources frequently coexist. Also, it can be delusively reassuring because despite the implementation of specific treatments for the individual pathology presumed to be the actual thromboembolic source, patients can still be vulnerable to stroke and other cardiovascular events caused by other pathologies already identified during the index diagnostic evaluation but whose thromboembolic potential was underestimated. Therefore, rather than trying to presume which particular mechanism is the actual embolic source in an ESUS patient, it is important to assess the overall thromboembolic risk of the patient through synthesis of the individual risks linked to all pathologies present, regardless if presumed causally associated or not. In this paper, a multi-disciplinary panel of clinicians/researchers from various backgrounds of expertise and specialties (cardiology, internal medicine, neurology, radiology and vascular surgery) proposes a comprehensive multi-dimensional assessment of the overall thromboembolic risk in ESUS patients through the composition of individual risks associated with all prevalent pathologies.
Diving into drug-screening: zebrafish embryos as an in vivo platform for antimicrobial drug discovery and assessment
Authors: Habjan Eva , Schouten Gina K , Speer Alexander , van Ulsen Peter , Bitter Wilbert 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria underlines the need for innovative treatments, yet the introduction of new drugs has stagnated despite numerous antimicrobial discoveries. A major hurdle is a poor correlation between promising in vitro data and in vivo efficacy in animal models, which is essential for clinical development. Early in vivo testing is hindered by the expense and complexity of existing animal models. Therefore, there is a pressing need for cost-effective, rapid preclinical models with high translational value. To overcome these challenges, zebrafish embryos have emerged as an attractive model for infectious disease studies, offering advantages such as ethical alignment, rapid development, ease of maintenance, and genetic manipulability. The zebrafish embryo infection model, involving microinjection or immersion of pathogens and potential antibiotic hit compounds, provides a promising solution for early-stage drug screening. It offers a cost-effective and rapid means of assessing the efficacy, toxicity and mechanism of action of compounds in a whole-organism context. This review discusses the experimental design of this model, but also its benefits and challenges. Additionally, it highlights recently identified compounds in the zebrafish embryo infection model and discusses the relevance of the model in predicting the compound’s clinical potential.