bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MELANIZATION OF EGGS AND LARVAE OF THE PARASITOID, EPIDINOCARSIS LOPEZI (DE SANTIS) (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE), BY THE CASSAVA MEALYBUG, PHENACOCCUS MANIHOTI MATILE-FERRERO (HOMOPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE)
Authors: Sullivan Daniel J. , Neuenschwander Peter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe encyrtid wasp Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) has been introduced into Africa as a biological control agent against the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero. This host has a defense reaction against the immature parasitoid that involves encapsulation and melanization. Under laboratory conditions, 37.5% of once-stung cassava mealybugs had been parasitized, as indicated by eggs and larvae of the parasitoid in dissected hosts. Of these parasitized cassava mealybugs, 89.6% contained melanized particles (egg, partially melanized larva, internal host tissues, exoskeleton wound scars). Some of the parasitoid larvae were only partially melanized, and either freed themselves from the melanized capsule or else shed it at the next molt. By the 3rd day of their development only 12.5% were completely melanized. In cassava mealybugs with melanized host tissue but no living parasitoid, the survival of the host was not affected by the melanization. The mealybug itself sometimes shed black particles at the next molt and these were found attached to the cast skins. When superparasitized in the laboratory, 68.6% of twice-stung cassava mealybugs contained parasitoids. Mummies collected from a field experiment showed that melanization rates of mummies increased with increasing parasitization rates. Thus, melanization in the cassava mealybug was commonly triggered when E. lopezi oviposited, but this defense reaction was mostly ineffective, permitting the introduced parasitoid to be a successful biological control agent in Africa against the cassava mealybug, a major pest on this important food crop.
SPERMATOPHORE NUMBER IN THE CODLING MOTH CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)
Authors: Howell J Franklin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWild codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), females were trapped from May through September in the upper (Yakima) and lower (White Swan) Yakima River Basin, WA, using 10 bait traps and 4 and 19 blacklight traps, respectively, for 2 and 5 years in abandoned apple orchards. The average spermatophore count per female at Yakima was 1.08; at White Swan it was 1.76. The spermatophore count was similar in both first (0.97 and 1.79) and second (1.00 and 1.70) generations at both locations. Regression analysis of field data and laboratory tests showed that cool temperatures reduced the number of spermatophores, which reflect reduced mating. There was a high correlation between the number of small spermatophores and females with multiple spermatophores. Usually females with a large spermatophore mated only once. Females usually mated on the 1st day following emergence. Once mated, even females with small spermatophores seldom mated again on subsequent days.
OCCURRENCE OF TWO GALL WASPS OF THE GENUSDIPLOLEPIS(HYMENOPTERA: CYNIPIDAE) ON THE DOMESTIC SHRUB ROSE,ROSA RUGOSATHUNB. (ROSACEAE)
Authors: Shorthouse J.D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStem galls ofDiplolepis spinosa(Ashmead), usually found on the endemic roseRosa blandaAit., and root galls ofD.radicum(Osten Sacken), usually found on the endemic roseR.acicularisLindl., have become established on the cultivated roseR.rugosaThunb. in Canada. Adults and galls ofD.spinosaandD.radicumare described and compared with those of closely related species. Host records, damage, and distribution of both species are discussed as is the suitability ofR.rugosaas a host. It is suggested that galls in urban habitats are being established by adults flying into cities from surrounding patches of endemic roses.
THE LIFE CYCLE AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MALAMEBA LOCUSTAE (KING AND TAYLOR) (AMOEBIDAE) IN THE MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (F.) (ACRIDIDAE),
Authors: Braun Lorraine , Ewen Al B. , Gillott Cedric 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe life history and ultrastructure of the protozoan Malameba locustae (King and Taylor) were studied in the migratory grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) using feeding and injection studies. Insects fed cysts developed infection in the Malpighian tubules 5–6 days later; no trophozoites were observed in haemolymph samples taken 2–20 days post-feeding. After excystment, a few trophozoites entered the midgut epithelium and many were located near the basement membrane of the epithelial cells, where they appeared to degenerate. Trophozoites were not seen to divide in the midgut epithelium, and apparently did not damage this tissue. Trophozoites injected directly into the haemocoel could not be recovered even 4 h after injection, and the Malpighian tubules did not become infected. It was concluded that trophozoites did not penetrate the midgut to enter the haemocoel or move through the haemocoel to infect the Malpighian tubules, but instead probably entered the tubules directly from the gut. Trophozoite ultrastructure in midgut and Malpighian tubules, and cyst wall deposition were described.
SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING OF ADULT COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA L. IN WHEAT FIELDS
Authors: Iperti G. , Lapchin L. , Ferran A. , Rabasse J.-M. , Lyon J.-P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA sequential sampling program was designed for Coccinella septempunctata L. adults in wheat fields, based on a rapid visual counting method. This program takes into account the spatial heterogeneity of coccinellids and the efficiency of the counting method. The relationship between the mean and variance of the numbers sampled was described by Taylor’s power law.
REDEFINITION OF ZACHVATKINIBATES (ACARI: MYCOBATIDAE), WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES AND IMMATURES OF Z. MARITIMUS SHALDYBINA 1973
Authors: Behan-Pelletier Valerie M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe oribatid mite genus Zachvatkinibates, found in both littoral and forest litter habitats in North America and the Soviet Union, is redefined. Its systematic relationship to other genera in the Mycobatidae is discussed. A new species, Z. tetrasklerosis, is proposed, and Z. maritimus Shaldybina, 1973, is redescribed. Immatures of both species are described; none was previously known for the genus. Sexual dimorphism is displayed in the notogastral porose areas of adults of Z. maritimus, but not of Z. tetrasklerosis.
THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA) IN CANOLA CROPS IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Burgess L. , Weegar H.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdults of nine species of thrips were collected from canola fields:Aeolothrips fasciatus(L.),Anaphothrips obscurus(Müller),Frankliniella occidentalis(Perg.),Frankliniella tritici(Fitch),Limothrips denticornisHaliday,Odontothrips loti(Haliday),Thripsnr.fuscipennisHaliday,Thrips tabaciLindeman, andThrips vulgatissimusHaliday. Of these,F.triticiwas the most abundant in the collections and appears to have the greatest potential to be a significant canola pest, followed byT.tabaciandT.vulgatissimus.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ABAMECTIN ON LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (BURGESS) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)
Authors: Parrella M.P. , Robb K.L. , Virzi J.K. , Dybas R.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effect of abamectin on the leafminer, Liromyza trifolii (Burgess), was investigated using topical applications, leaf dips, and repellency bioassays. Topical application of technical material in acetone to susceptible adult females provides an LD50 value of 0.404 ppm. Leaf-dip assays using abamectin formulated in water with third-instar larvae gave an LC50 value of 0.386 ppm. These data provide baseline information on the toxicity of this material to L. trifolii and are important in the development of resistance management programs. Adult female leaf miners were repelled from feeding and ovipositing on chrysanthemum plants treated with formulated abamectin up to 7 days after foliar application in choice and no-choice assays. The implications of these data in managing populations of L. trifolii are discussed.
DISTRIBUTION OF ATTACKS ON SPRUCE STUMPS BY THE SPRUCE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS (KIRBY) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), AND EFFECTS ON THE LENGTH OF EGG GALLERIES
Authors: Safranyik L. , Linton D.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe distribution of spruce beetle attacks and length of associated egg galleries were investigated on 21 spruce stumps over a 4-year period in central British Columbia. Attack density formed a distinct vertical gradient which peaked near the duff line at about one-third stump height above the mineral soil. The proportion of attacks on the stumps that were located below the duff was linearly related to the ratio of stump height below duff and total stump height above mineral soil. Attack density was significantly higher below the duff than above. A three-parameter exponential function gave satisfactory fit to the attack density gradient on normalized stump height. A discrete-step theoretical model was also developed based on assumptions regarding beetle behavior during landing and imitation of the egg gallery and the physical characteristics of the host. This model gave an excellent fit to the attack density gradient as an average process over all stumps. Average egg gallery length was a curvilinear function of attack density with maximum average egg gallery length occurring at about 0.33 attacks per 100 cm2.
A NEW SPECIES OFCRABROFROM ARCTIC YUKON (HYMENOPTERA: SPHECOIDEA: CRABRONIDAE)
Authors: Finnamore Albert T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new species of crabronine wasp,Crabro canningsi, is described from the Yukon. Its relationships with other species are discussed and additional records ofCrabrospecies in the Yukon are presented.
PERSISTENCE AND DISPERSAL OF THE NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS OF NEODIPRION SERTIFER (GEOFFROY) (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE) IN A VIRUS-FREE LODGEPOLE PINE PLANTATION IN SWEDEN
Authors: Olofsson Einar 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn outbreak of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) was studied in a lodgepole pine plantation. It was the first tree generation on a 60-ha peatland area. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of N. sertifer was not found in the larval population or in the soil. Within a 1.7-ha experimental plot, a 0.35-ha block was treated with NPV and the ensuing epizootic was studied during three successive summers. The treatment caused 50% mortality of fourth- and fifth-instar larvae. The NPV persisted in the treated block and gradually dispersed into the adjacent blocks. After 2 years, larval mortality was 78% in the treated block and 21% at a distance of 110–125 m from it. The larval population remained at a high level and the outbreak expanded from the experimental plot to the entire 60-ha area in the years following the virus treatment, but few virus-diseased colonies were observed outside the experimental plot. Thus, the capability of this NPV to persist and spread was not sufficient to control and contain the sawfly outbreak.
A REVISION OF THE LASIONYCTA SKRAELINGIA (HERRICH-SCHÄFFER) SPECIES COMPLEX (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Lafontaine J.D. , Kononenko V.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Lasionycta skraelingia (H.-S.) species complex, formerly considered to include only one species, is shown to consist of six species. Three species (Lasionycta buraetica Kononenko, from the Sayan Mountains, USSR; L. corax Kononenko from the Upper Kolyma River area, USSR; and L. taigata Lafontaine from northern Canada) are described as new. The name L. alpicola, proposed by Hampson as an aberration of L. skraelingia, is validated as a species. The taxon Lasionycta phaea (Hampson), currently treated as a subspecies of L. impingens (Walker), is shown to be a distinct species in the L. skraelingia complex; a lectotype is designated for Anarta phaea Hampson. Adults and genitalia are illustrated for the six species; a key to species and distribution maps are also included. Lasionycta membrosa (Morrison, 1875) is placed in synonymy with L. subdita (Möschler, 1860).
WOOLLY-BEAR CATERPILLARS OFGRAMMIA BLAKEI(GRT.) (LEPIDOPTERA: ARCTIIDAE) — AN OCCASIONAL PEST OF NATIVE RANGE PASTURES AND ADJACENT CROPS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA AND SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Byers J.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe woolly-bear caterpillars ofGrammia(=Apantesis)blakei(Grt.) are sometimes abundant on native range pastures in the short-grass region of southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan and occasionally cause early season damage to adjacent cultivated crops. The larvae overwinter as mid- to late-instars in protected sites on the soil surface and begin feeding in the spring as soon as new plant growth is available. They are general feeders on both mono- and dicotyledonous plants. Larval densities exceeding 10/m2were found at several locations from 1982 to 1985 and historical records indicate that densities sometimes exceed 50/m2. The moths are present in late May through June but are rarely observed or collected. In Canada the species is univoltine with a mid-larval summer diapause.
ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MANDIBLE AS A DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTER IN THE TAXONOMY OF PENICILLATE DIPLOPODS (DIPLOPODA: POLYXENIDAE)
Authors: Ishii Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMandibles of four species and three subspecies of penicillate diplopods inhabiting Japan, and two species from outside Japan, were studied to clarify their taxonomic significance. The mandibular structure showed distinct differences both between genera and between species, indicating its usefulness in the taxonomy of penicillate diplopods.
SPIDERS (ARANEAE) IN CORN FIELDS IN QUEBEC
Authors: Provencher Louis , Coderre Daniel , Dondale Charles D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine spider species composition and their temporal and vertical distributions in corn in southern Quebec. We sampled 30 corn plants weekly for 12 weeks from 9 July to 23 September in 1985. We found nine families, 14 genera, and 12 identifiable species. Web-building spiders were more abundant than hunting spiders. The dominant species was Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz (Tetragnathidae). Web-builders were generally found under the ear of the plant, whereas the vertical distribution of hunting spiders was more even.
DAMAGE AND ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS OF THE MULLEIN BUG, CAMPYLOMMA VERBASCI (MEYER) (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE), ON APPLE IN THE OKANAGAN VALLEY
Authors: Thistlewood H.M.A. , McMullen R.D. , Borden J.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFirst-generation mullein bug, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer), nymphs damaged four major cultivars of apple in commercial and research orchards from 1982 to 1984. In commercial orchards, C. verbasci was ranked among the top three pests in 22 of 40 samples collected at harvest, and its damage exceeded the economic injury level of 1% culled apples in 17 of the samples. Injury was greatest in "Delicious" cultivars, for which a linear relationship was derived between population density and damage at harvest. Economic injury levels of one and four nymphs per tap are proposed for cvs. Golden and Red Delicious, respectively, in British Columbia.
SIMULATION OF PREDATION BY ANTS BASED ON DIRECT OBSERVATIONS OF ATTACKS ON GYPSY MOTH LARVAE
Authors: Weseloh Ronald M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPredation of gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), by ants was observed by placing caterpillars on the forest floor and waiting for ants to find them or by placing caterpillars very close to foraging ants. Over 80% of contacts with caterpillars were made by Formica spp. The rate of successful capture varied with caterpillar instar, generally becoming lower as larvae became larger. However, neonates were successfully attacked by ants less often than first-instar larvae that had fed. Neonates probably have developed defenses that prevent excessive predation because many fall to the forest floor when dispersing. The distribution of time intervals between encounters of ants with larvae was adequately fit by an exponential distribution having a mean waiting time of 20 min. This distribution was used to construct a simulation model of gypsy moth larval predation by ants. Based on the model results, ant success rate, ant foraging density, and residence time of larvae on the forest floor were important determinants of mortality caused by ants.
EGG PARASITOIDS OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG,LYGUS LINEOLARIS(P. de B.) (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE), IN QUEBEC
Authors: Sohati P.H. , Stewart R.K. , Boivin G. 
Published: November 2009

The tarnished plant bug,Lygus lineolaris(P. de B.), is the dominant mirid in crops grown in eastern North America (Strong 1968; Bariola 1969).Lygus lineolarisis an ubiquitous species found on a wide range of wild plants and cultivated crops (Knight 1941).All previously known egg parasitoids ofLygusspp. were mymarids in the generaAnaphes,Erythmelus, andPolynema(CIBC 1979). The mymaridAnaphes ioleGirault is the principal egg parasitoid ofLygusspp. in the United States (Debolt 1987). It has been reported from British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, and the Northwest Territories(Huber and Rajakulendran 1988).
DIAPAUSE INTENSITY IN A FRENCH UNIVOLTINE AND A SASKATCHEWAN COMMERCIAL STRAIN OF MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA (FAB.)
Authors: Rank G.H. , Rank F.P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe relative diapause intensity of a French univoltine and Saskatchewan commercial strain of the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (Fab.), was evaluated over a 3-year period. Prepupae from both strains underwent diapause development at 10 °C for different time periods. Diapause intensity was estimated by scoring days to emergence after initiating incubation at three different times in each of the 3 years: fall incubation (immediate post harvest); winter incubation; and spring incubation. In all comparisons made, the univoltine strain had a significantly increased diapause intensity compared with the commercial strain. We concluded that diapause intensity was heritable and that this stable difference between strains could provide the basis for a selected line with increased univoltinism under field conditions.
HOST EFFECTS ON THE PHENOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND MORTALITY OF FIELD POPULATIONS OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE HOPKINS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Langor David W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPhenology, fecundity, development, and mortality were studied for co-occurring, declining populations of Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins in limber pine and lodgepole pine at two sites in the Porcupine Hills of southwestern Alberta in 1985–1986. Beetles reared in lodgepole pine emerged and attacked new hosts 7–8 days earlier than those in limber pine in 1985. Beetles were able to utilize over two-thirds of the length of each limber pine bole but only about one-third of the length of each lodgepole pine bole. Also, beetles infesting limber pine had significantly higher fecundity, produced more eggs per centimetre of gallery length, and their progeny developed faster and survived better than beetles infesting lodgepole pine. There was no apparent phenological or other barrier that might inhibit gene flow between D. ponderosae populations in limber pine and lodgepole pine. In the area studied, limber pine was a better host for D. ponderosae reproduction, development, and survival than was lodgepole pine. Thus, beetle populations may be able to increase much more quickly in limber pine, arguing for regular monitoring of these populations.
AERIAL APPLICATION OF TWO BACULOVIRUSES AGAINST THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS FREEMAN (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Otvos I.S. , Cunningham J.C. , Kaupp W.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo viruses, one a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and the other a granulosis virus, were applied in an attempt to initiate epizootics in populations of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, on Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, in southeastern British Columbia. Two 172-ha plots were aerially treated in 1982 with 9.0 kg of lyophilized, virus-infected larval powder that was formulated in an emulsifiable oil tank mix and applied at 9.4 L per hectare. Each plot was treated when larval populations were at the peak of the fourth instar. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus was applied at 5.4 × 1011 polyhedral inclusion bodies per hectare and the granulosis virus at 1.7 × 1014 capsules per hectare. Results showed that the granulosis virus treatment caused 34.6% population reduction (Abbott’s formula) and the nuclear polyhedrosis virus 51.8%. Larvae from treated and check plots were reared individually in the laboratory and the incidence of viruses, parasitoids, and successful adult emergence was recorded. Studies m these plots continued in 1983 and 1984. Although vertical transmission of both viruses was evident, their impact on budworm mortality was less than in 1982. Consequently, the epizootics were not sufficiently intense to control the target insect population.
PYRETHROID RESISTANCE IN PEAR PSYLLA, PSYLLA PYRICOLA FOERSTER (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE), AND SYNERGISM OF PYRETHROIDS WITH PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE
Authors: Burts Everett C. , van de Baan Hugo E. , Croft Brian A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdult pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster, from commercial pear orchards near Wenatchee, WA, were tested using a slide-dip technique for susceptibility to fenvalerate over a 5-year period from 1984 to 1988. Results were compared with those from similar tests using psyllids from an unexposed population near Corvallis, OR. During 5 years, resistance of adults to fenvalerate increased by 16- to 32-fold at Wenatchee while that of the Corvallis population did not change. In 1988, tests with five pyrethroids and pyrethroid – piperonyl butoxide combinations indicated that pear psylla adults also were resistant to permethrin and flucythrinate but not to fenpropathrin or cyfluthrin which contain a cyano group that reduces their susceptibility to oxidase metabolism. Piperonyl butoxide synergism was proportional to the level of resistance, indicating that resistance is probably due to increased mixed function oxidase activity. Implications of this study to control of post-diapause winter form adults in commercial pear orchards is discussed.
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVAE OF PTEROSTICHUS OHIONIS CSIKI AND P. BLANCHARDI HORN WITH A KEY TO LARVAE OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN PTEROSTICHINI (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Bousquet Yves 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe larvae of Pterostichus (Bothriopterus) ohionis Csiki and P. (Gastrellarius) blanchardi Horn are described and compared respectively with the other known larvae of Bothriopterus Chaudoir and Gastrellarius Casey. A key to larvae of 38 species of Pterostichini occurring in eastern North America is presented.
RELEASE OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA STEPHENS (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FOR CONTROL OF THE GREEN APPLE APHID, APHIS POMI DEGEER (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Hagley Elmer A.C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRelease of the chrysopid, Chrysoperla cornea Stephens, at a rate of ca. 335 000 eggs per hectare, reduced significantly the numbers of apterous adults and nymphs of the green apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, on dwarf apple trees. Greater reduction in aphid numbers occurred in 1984 than in 1985, and the efficiency of the predator might have been influenced by the predator:prey ratios (1:10 and 1:19) used and by the mean daily temperature that occurred during the test periods. Application of azinphosmethyl (Guthion 50% wp, 0.105 and 0.075 kg AI/100 L) did not adversely affect predation of apterous A. pomi by larvae of C. carnea.