bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of phenoxy addition on the curing kinetics for uncatalyzed and catalyzed cyanate ester resin
Authors: Remiro Pedro M. , De La Caba Koro , Mondragon Iñaki , Riccardi Carmen C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe curing behavior of the dicyanate ester of bisphenol‐A (DCBA) modified with poly(hydroxy ether of bisphenol‐A) (phenoxy) is studied by differential scanning calorimetry in dynamic and isothermal tests at temperatures between 120 and 240°C. The addition of phenoxy to DCBA produces an increase in the reaction rate and a decrease in the temperature of maximum reaction rate for the uncatalyzed resin, and also for the system catalyzed with copper (II) acetyl acetonate/nonylphenol. The exothermic heat of curing for the mixtures is also dependent on the phenoxy content. These facts evidence a catalytic effect of phenoxy on the curing of the cyanate ester resin, even though an autocatalytic behavior is observed for all uncatalyzed DCBA/phenoxy mixtures. A simplified mechanistic kinetic model is used to calculate the kinetic parameters. For the uncatalyzed systems, a decrease in the kinetic constant for the initiation reactions, and an increase in the propagation constant are measured when the cyanate content increases. The thermal activation energy for the initiation reaction of the catalyzed systems is lower than that of the uncatalyzed ones, and it depends on the weight fraction of cyanate in the mixture. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Self‐oscillating pH‐responsive cryogels as possible candidates of soft materials for generating mechanical energy
Authors: Bilici Cigdem , Karayel Sehri , Demir Tuba T. , Okay Oguz 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis research highlights the use of poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) cryogels as a pH oscillator in oscillatory bromate–sulfite–ferrocyanide reactions. The cryogels were prepared from frozen aqueous solutions of acrylic acid monomer and N,N′‐methylenebis(acrylamide) crosslinker at −18°C. Fast responsive macroporous PAAc cryogels were obtained at or below 4 w/v % initial monomer concentration. SEM images of PAAc cryogel networks exhibited a heterogeneous morphology consisting of pores of sizes 101 μm, typical for macroporous networks formed by the cryogelation technique. PAAc cryogels coupled with the bromate oscillator oscillate between swollen and collapsed states, during which a cyclic three‐fold change in the gel volume was observed. The results show that, due to the fast response rate of cryogels, macroscopic gel samples can be used as a pH oscillator which would provide generation of significant amount of mechanical energy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and properties of biocomposites composed of glycerol‐based epoxy resins, tannic acid, and wood flour
Authors: Shibata Mitsuhiro , Teramoto Naozumi , Takada Yoshiro , Yoshihara Satoru 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAfter polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether (PGPE) and glycerol polyglycidyl ether (GPE) were mixed with tannic acid (TA) in ethanol and without solvent at epoxy/hydroxyl ratio 1/1, the obtained GPE‐TA and PGPE‐TA solutions were mixed with wood flour (WF), prepolymerized at 50°C, and subsequently compressed at 160°C for 3 h to give GPE‐TA/WF and PGPE‐TA/WF biocomposites with WF content 50–70 wt %, respectively. The storage moduli of the biocomposites in the rubbery state at more than 80°C were much higher than that of the control cured resins. The PGPE‐TA/WF composites had higher tensile modulus and rather lower tensile strength than PGPE‐TA. On the other hand, both the tensile modulus and strength of GPE‐TA/WF were much higher than those of GPE‐TA (2.4 GPa and 37 MPa). Those values of GPE‐TA/WF increased with WF content, became maximal values (5.1 GPa and 51 MPa) at WF content 60 wt %, and were lowered at 70 wt %. FE‐SEM analysis of the fractured surface of the biocomposites revealed that WF is tightly incorporated into the crosslinked epoxy resins. As a result of optimization of the epoxy/hydroxyl molar ratio for GPE‐TA/WF composite with WF content 60 wt %, the composite prepared at the ratio of 1.0/0.8 showed the highest tensile modulus and strength. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Development and characterization of a gelatin‐based coating with unique sealing properties
Authors: Farris Stefano , Cozzolino Carlo A. , Introzzi Laura , Piergiovanni Luciano 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe experimental results on the development of thin (∼ 1.5 μm) gelatin‐based coatings and the investigation on their sealing attribute when applied onto oriented polypropylene (OPP) are reported. The sealing performance, expressed as the strain energy required to separate the sealed joints, was studied as a function of three different influencing factors. pH of the hydrogel solution was varied between 5 and 11. The highest seal strength values were obtained for pH values beyond the isoelectric point (IEP) of the gelatin molecule. The effect of the plasticizer (glycerol) was studied by changing its concentration from 2.5 wt % to 7.5 wt % to the total weight of the hydrogel solution. Glycerol concentration = 7.5 wt % was found to be the best for achieving adequate strain energy values. The influence of a hydrophobic component on the capability of the coating to act as a sealant has also been assessed. The hydrophobic component had a positive effect only up to a certain level (1 wt %, weight percent), whereas beyond this value, it affected the seal strength attribute. According to the best setting conditions, seal strength values for the OPP biocoated films of ∼ 61 N × mm were attained, with a corresponding maximum force required to break the joints of 2.4 N. These results are discussed by taking into consideration the modality of seals opening. Interestingly, the heat‐seal (temperature: 90°C; dwell time: 1 s; pressure: 4 bar) failed in both peeling and tearing mode failure, as confirmed by microscopy, spectrophotometric, and particle size analyzes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Flammability and mechanical properties of Al(OH)3 and BaSO4 filled polypropylene
Authors: Tan S. , Tinçer T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe flammability and mechanical properties of Al(OH)3/BaSO4/polypropylene (PP) composites were investigated. The flow, morphological, and thermal properties were also analyzed by melt flow index (MFI), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) studies, respectively. Total filler amount was fixed at 30 wt % to optimize physical characteristics of the composites. In addition to the flame retardant filler Al(OH)3, BaSO4 was used to balance the reduction in impact strength at high filler loadings. Substantial improvement in mechanical properties was achieved for 20 wt % Al(OH)3 (i.e., 10 wt % BaSO4) composition while maximum flammability resistance was obtained for 30 wt % Al(OH)3 composite. SEM studies showed that the presence of aggregated Al(OH)3 particles led to low interfacial adhesion between them and PP matrix ending up with decreased mechanical strength. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Glycolytic depolymerization of PET waste in a microwave reactor
Authors: Achilias Dimitris S. , Redhwi Halim Hamid , Siddiqui Mohammad Nahid , Nikolaidis Alexandros K. , Bikiaris Dimitrios N. , Karayannidis George P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecycling of waste PET bottles was examined using glycolytic depolymerization with diethylene glycol, under microwave irradiation. The objective was to investigate if depolymerization using microwave energy could provide the same product distribution, while carried out in milder experimental conditions and/or shorter reaction times, resulting, thus besides to polymer recycling, in substantial energy saving. The reaction was carried out in a sealed microwave reactor in which the pressure and temperature were controlled. Experiments under constant temperature or microwave power were carried out at several time intervals. The main glycolysis product was analyzed and identified by FTIR measurements. The average molecular weight of the PET residues was found to decrease with the percentage of PET degradation. In the experiments carried out under constant microwave power, complete depolymerization was observed at irradiation powers greater than 150 W for 2 min, or 100 W for 5 min. In the constant temperature experiments, it was clear that at temperatures below 150°C no degradation occurs, whereas complete depolymerization takes place at temperatures greater than or equal to 180°C for 5 min. These results when compared to the conventional heating, where more than 4 h are needed for complete with PET degradation, confirm the importance of the microwave power technique and the substantial energy saving achieved. Finally, from a simple kinetic model the activation energy of the reaction was evaluated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Three‐layer sheets based on gelatin and poly(lactic acid), part 1: Preparation and properties
Authors: Martucci J. F. , Ruseckaite R. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGlycerol‐plasticized gelatin (Ge‐30Gly) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films were prepared by heat‐compression, molded, and then piled to produce a biodegradable three‐layer sheet with PLA as outer layers and Ge‐30Gly as the inner layer. Lamination with PLA increased the moisture resistance and reduced the total soluble matter with respect to a single gelatin layer, while keeping transparency. The tensile strength of the multilayer sheet (36.24±4.27 MPa) increased 16 folds when compared to that of Ge‐30Gly. Lamination also exerted beneficial effects on the barrier properties. The WVP of the multilayer sheet (1.2 ± 0.1 10−14 kg·m·Pa−1·s−1·m−2) decreased with reference to that of Ge‐30Gly, while oxygen permeability (17.1 ± 2.3 cm3(O2)·mm·m−2·day−1) was reduced with respect to that of neat PLA, and the value obtained was comparable to that of Ge‐30Gly layer. The presence of plasticized gelatin in the multilayer increased the energy at crack initiation (1.4 ± 0.3 J·m−1) with respect to that of PLA. The improvement attained in all these properties was ascribed to the good compatibility and adhesion of the individual layers featured through hydrogen interactions between the carbonyl group from PLA and the hydrogen from the peptide bonds in gelatin. Compatibility was corroborated by scanning electron microscopy observations at PLA/Ge‐30Gly interface and by the absence of additional peaks in the tan δ curve of dynamic‐mechanical analysis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Oxidized pea starch/chitosan composite films: Structural characterization and properties
Authors: Wu Haixia , Liu Changhua , Chen Jianguang , Chen Yun , Anderson Debbie P. , Chang Peter R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article, a series of oxidized pea starch/chitosan (OPS/CS) blend films were prepared by a casting and solvent evaporation method. The structure, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties of the films were investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and tensile testing. The results suggested that, in addition to hydrogen bonding, the interactions between OPS and CS molecules were enhanced by the formation of electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged carboxyl groups on OPS and the positively charged amino groups on CS. Compared with the pea starch/chitosan (PS/CS) blend films, OPS/CS blend films exhibited significantly higher tensile strength with significantly lower elongation at break. Moreover, incorporation of CS into the OPS matrix also led to a decrease in moisture uptake by the composite film. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Linear Poly(methyl glycerol) and Linear Polyglycerol as Potent Protein and Cell Resistant Alternatives to Poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Weinhart Marie , Grunwald Ingo , Wyszogrodzka Monika , Gaetjen Linda , Hartwig Andreas , Haag Rainer 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe nonspecific interaction of proteins with surfaces in contact with biofluids leads to adverse problems and is prevented by a biocompatible surface coating. The current benchmark material among such coatings is poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Herein, we report on the synthesis of linear polyglycerol derivatives as promising alternatives to PEG. Therefore, gold surfaces as a model system are functionalized with a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) by a two‐step anhydride coupling and a direct thiol immobilization of linear poly(methyl glycerol) and polyglycerol. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy reveals both types of functionalized surfaces to be as resistant as PEG towards the adsorption of the test proteins fibrinogen, pepsin, albumin, and lysozyme. Moreover, linear polyglycerols adsorb even less proteins from human plasma than a PEG‐modified surface. Additional cell adhesion experiments on linear poly(methyl glycerol) and polyglycerol‐modified surfaces show comparable cell resistance as for a PEG‐modified surface. Also, in the case of long‐term stability, high cell resistance is observed for all samples in medium. Additional in vitro cell‐toxicity tests add to the argument that linear poly(methyl glycerol) and polyglycerol are strong candidates for promising alternatives to PEG, which can easily be modified for biocompatible functionalization of other surfaces.
Analyzing transit service reliability using detailed data from automatic vehicular locator systems
Authors: El‐Geneidy Ahmed M. , Horning Jessica , Krizek Kevin J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe widespread adoption of automated vehicle location (AVL) systems and automatic passenger counters (APCs) in the transit industry has opened new venues in operations and system monitoring. In 2005, Metro Transit, Minnesota, implemented AVL system and partially implemented APC technologies. To date there has been little effort to employ the collected data in evaluating transit performance. This research uses such data to assess performance issues along a cross‐town route in the Metro Transit system. We generate a series of visual and analytical analyses to predict run time, schedule adherence and reliability of the transit route at two scales: the time point segment and the route level to demonstrate ways of identifying causes of decline in reliability levels. The analytical models show that while headways are maintained, schedule revisions are needed to improve run time and schedule adherence. Finally, the analysis suggests that many scheduled stops along this route are underutilized and recommends stop consolidation as a tool to decrease variability of service through concentrating passenger demand along a fewer number of stops. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feelings of dread and intertemporal choice
Authors: Harris Christine R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt frequently has been observed that people discount future rewards relative to present rewards. However, the literature on intertemporal choices involving emotional upsets and losses is fraught with inconsistencies, with some studies finding similar discounting of gains and losses, and others reporting that participants elect to undergo negative experiences sooner rather than later. To help resolve these contradictions, time preferences for different types of aversive experiences (social rejection, embarrassment, pain, monetary and property loss) were examined in five studies. Most participants preferred to postpone monetary and property losses, but intertemporal choices for other unpleasant experiences showed highly variable responses, with some participants deferring them as long as possible, and many electing to experience them immediately. Time preferences for these negative experiences were correlated, but were independent of time preference for rewards. It is argued (following Loewenstein, 1987) that anticipation of dread plays a key role in many people's choices about timing of aversive experiences. This interpretation was supported by choices about when to learn of a very unpleasant event whose timing was fixed (Study 3), and by a novel preference reversal (Study 4). Study 5 examined how actual and hypothetical experiences of dread unfolded over time; the results were consistent with a dread‐based interpretation of choices in the preceding studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoxia and the Edema Syndrome: elucidation of a mechanism of teratogenesis
Authors: Chernoff Neil , Rogers John M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe elucidation of mechanisms and pathogenesis of birth defects is exceedingly complex. Consequently, there are few examples where the etiology of birth defects caused by a specific agent has been well described. One such example is the “Edema Syndrome” first described by Casimer Grabowski in the 1960s as a mechanism of hypoxia‐induced malformations in the chick embryo. The Edema Syndrome comprised a series of events in the embryo starting with osmotic imbalances followed by edema, distention, blisters, hematomas, and hemorrhage in or near developing structures. Malformation or deformation of structures resulted from mechanical disruption or loss of blood supply. A similar etiology has since been described by others in a variety of laboratory mammals following treatment with drugs including epinephrine, hydroxyurea, cocaine, phenytoin, and potassium channel–blocking drugs. Free radical excess following transient hypoxia may be a common factor in all of these insults. Vascular disruption is also associated with a number of birth defects in humans, including limb and digit reduction defects and urogenital defects. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:300–303, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
L‐Cysteine capped CdTe–CdS core–shell quantum dots: preparation, characterization and immuno‐labeling of HeLa cells
Authors: Zhang Hongyan , Sun Pan , Liu Chang , Gao Huanyu , Xu Linru , Fang Jin , Wang Meng , Liu Jinling , Xu Shukun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFunctionalized CdTe–CdS core–shell quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized in aqueous solution via water‐bathing combined hydrothermal method using L‐cysteine (L‐Cys) as a stabilizer. This method possesses both the advantages of water‐bathing and hydrothermal methods for preparing high‐quality QDs with markedly reduced synthesis time, and better stability than a lone hydrothermal method. The QDs were characterized by transmission electronic microscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The CdTe–CdS QDs with core–shell structure showed both enhanced fluorescence and better photo stability than nude CdTe QDs. After conjugating with antibody rabbit anti‐CEACAM8 (CD67), the as‐prepared l‐Cys capped CdTe–CdS QDs were successfully used as fluorescent probes for the direct immuno‐labeling and imaging of HeLa cells. It was indicated that this kind of QD would have application potential in bio‐labeling and cell imaging. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined first-stage hepatectomy and colorectal resection in a two-stage hepatectomy strategy for bilobar synchronous liver metastases
Authors: Karoui M , Vigano L , Goyer P , Ferrero A , Luciani A , Aglietta M , Delbaldo C , Cirillo S , Capussotti L , Cherqui D 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
This study assessed the feasibility and outcomes of combined colorectal and hepatic resection as the first step of two-stage hepatectomy in patients with bilobar synchronous colorectal liver metastases.

Methods
All patients with bilobar synchronous colorectal liver metastases who were considered for two-stage hepatectomy, combining resection of the primary tumour with the first stage of hepatectomy, between 2000 and 2008 were selected from a prospectively collected database at two institutions. Data were analysed retrospectively on an intention-to-treat basis.

Results
Thirty-three patients were studied. Twenty patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Combined colorectal resection and clearance of left-sided liver metastases was the first-stage procedure in all but one patient, in whom right clearance was performed. In 17 patients right portal vein ligation was undertaken at the same time. No patient died. Two patients had anastomotic leakage. Interval chemotherapy was given to 25 patients, five of whom also had percutaneous portal vein embolization. Twenty-five patients had the second-stage hepatectomy, but not eight patients with disease progression. There was one postoperative death after the second stage, and eight patients experienced morbidity. Median follow-up from the first stage was 28·7 months. Overall and disease-free survival rates for patients who completed the procedure were 80 and 44 per cent respectively at 3 years, and 48 and 22 per cent at 5 years.

Conclusion
In patients with bilobar synchronous colorectal liver metastases who are candidates for two-stage hepatectomy, combined resection of the primary tumour and first-stage hepatectomy reduces the number of procedures, optimizes chemotherapy administration and may improve outcome.
Evidence-based management of pain after haemorrhoidectomy surgery
Authors: Joshi G P , Neugebauer E A M 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundHaemorrhoidectomy is associated with intense postoperative pain, but optimal evidence-based pain therapy has not been described. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available literature on the management of pain after haemorrhoidal surgery.MethodsRandomized studies published in the English language from 1966 to June 2006, assessing analgesic and anaesthetic interventions in adult haemorrhoidal surgery, and reporting pain scores, were retrieved from the Embase and MEDLINE databases.ResultsOf the 207 randomized studies identified, 106 met the inclusion criteria, with mixed methodological quality. Of these, 41 studies evaluating surgical and alternative interventions were excluded. Quantitative analyses were not performed, as there were limited numbers of trials with a sufficiently homogeneous design.ConclusionLocal anaesthetic infiltration, either as a sole technique or as an adjunct to general or regional anaesthesia, and combinations of analgesics (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol and opiates) are recommended. If appropriate, a stapled operation may be preferable.
Consuming as a family: Modes of intergenerational influence on young adults
Authors: Mittal Banwari , Royne Marla B. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Parents inevitably shape their young children's consumption during early years; does this influence endure as the offspring mature? We explore this phenomenon—known as Intergenerational Influence (IGI)—with survey data from 265 young adults and their parents for four product categories. Our specific focus is on two research questions: (1) By what modality is IGI transferred, and (2) does family relationship quality (FRQ) moderate IGI outcomes? Results show IGI to be present in differing degrees across products—more for utilitarian and, likewise, shared products, less for individually consumed and stylistic products. As to modality, we explore active indoctrination by parents versus passive learning by mere observation by the offspring, and find the latter to be the dominant mode. We also find a strong moderating role of so that all IGI outcomes are stronger among high FRQ than among low FRQ families. Of import to theory as well as practice, these findings confirm and extend current literature on IGI and suggest directions for future research.
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.