bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of BK Viral Load in Renal Allograft Recipients by Real-Time PCR Assays
Authors: Bechert Charles J. , Schnadig Vicki J. , Payne Deborah A. , Dong Jianli 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
BK virus (BKV) is a nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA virus of the polyomavirus family that primarily affects immunocompromised people. BKV may cause nephropathy in renal transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, resulting in renal dysfunction and, possibly, graft loss. Monitoring of BK viral load in urine and blood has been used as a surrogate marker of BKV nephropathy (BKVN). Although real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the method of choice, currently there is no US Food and Drug Administration–approved or standardized BK viral load assay. Different PCR assays vary significantly in sample types, DNA extraction method, PCR primers and probes, and reference materials used to generate a standard curve. These differences can affect the accuracy, specificity, and dynamic ranges of various real-time PCR assays. These analytic differences cause difficulty in comparing test results, making it impossible to establish universal standardized cutoff values that correlate with clinical manifestations of BKVN. In this review, we summarize real-time PCR assays used for managing BKVN.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Associated With Bone Marrow Fibrin-Ring Granuloma
Authors: Chung Hee-Jung , Chi Hyun-Sook , Jang Seongsoo , Park Chan-Jeoung 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
We previously reported 24 cases of marrow fibrin-ring granuloma (FRG) encountered in 1 institution and concluded that, contrary to previous studies showing marrow FRG as a diagnostic marker for Q fever, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was the most common proven cause of such FRG. The present study characterized patients with EBV-associated marrow FRG. We retrospectively reviewed 17 cases of EBV-associated FRG (43% of 40 cases with marrow FRG) diagnosed by bone marrow biopsy. Patients with EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (5/17 patients) and chronic active EBV infection (4/17) constituted 53% of patients with EBV-associated FRG. Three patients had lymphoma without marrow involvement. All patients except 1 presented first with fever; splenomegaly was the next most common clinical finding (12/17). Cytopenia was observed in the 17 cases: anemia in 16, thrombocytopenia in 9, and leukopenia in 8. Patients with EBV-associated FRG showed lower survival outcomes than did patients without EBV (median, 3.0 vs 11.8 months; P = .009). Patients with bone marrow FRG accompanied by fever require careful evaluation to discern whether active EBV infection is involved because the prognosis is poor.
Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Expressed in Malignant Cells of Hodgkin Lymphoma but Not in Other Mature B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Birgersdotter Anna , Baumforth Karl R. N. , Wei Wenbin , Murray Paul G. , Sjöberg Jan , Björkholm Magnus , Porwit Anna , Ernberg Ingemar 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has a major role in development of fibrosis and in the wound-healing process. Microarray analysis of 44 classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) samples showed higher CTGF messenger RNA expression in the nodular sclerosis (NS) than in the mixed cellularity (MC) subtype. When analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis, Hodgkin–Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells and macrophages in 23 cHLs and “popcorn” cells in 2 nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphomas showed expression of CTGF protein correlating with the extent of fibrosis. In NS, CTGF was also expressed in fibroblasts and occasional lymphocytes. Malignant cells in 32 samples of various non-Hodgkin lymphomas were negative for CTGF. A staining pattern of stromal cells similar to that of NS cHL was seen in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Macrophages stained positively in Burkitt lymphomas and in some mantle cell lymphomas. The high occurrence of fibrosis in cHL may be related to CTGF expression by malignant H-RS cells.
Aberrant Myeloid Maturation Identified by Flow Cytometry in Primary Myelofibrosis
Authors: Feng Bo , Verstovsek Srdan , Jorgensen Jeffrey L. , Lin Pei 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that may display a variable degree of cytopenia and dysplasia sometimes difficult to distinguish from myelodysplastic syndrome with myelofibrosis (MDS-MF). We reviewed flow cytometric features of bone marrow from 70 cases of PMF and compared them with those from 17 cases of MDS-MF and 20 nonneoplastic control cases. The results were correlated with JAK2V617F and cytogenetic findings. Granulocytes and monocytes from PMF cases exhibited multiple dysplastic features overlapping with those of MDS-MF at a comparable or higher frequency: low side scattering, aberrant CD56 expression in granulocytes and monocytes, and an abnormal CD13/CD16 maturation pattern. Unique to PMF was the small granulocyte size compared with that of MDS-MF and control cases. Although the percentage of CD56+ granulocytes and monocytes did not correlate with JAK2V617F or cytogenetic abnormalities, a subset analysis of 36 cases revealed that median fluorescence intensity of CD56 expression correlated positively with the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities. Our findings indicate that although there is considerable overlap between PMF and MDS-MF, the smaller granulocytes observed in PMF are a useful distinguishing feature.
Bile Ductular Cells Undergoing Cellular Senescence Increase in Chronic Liver Diseases Along With Fibrous Progression
Authors: Sasaki Motoko , Ikeda Hiroko , Yamaguchi Junpei , Miyakoshi Masami , Sato Yasunori , Nakanuma Yasuni 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
We investigated the pathologic significance of ductular reactions in chronic liver diseases with respect to cellular senescence. The expression of senescence-associated markers (p16INK4a and p21WAF1/Cip1), cell proliferation, cell cycle markers (cyclin D and cyclin A), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) was examined immunohistochemically in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC, n = 37), chronic viral hepatitis (n = 39), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (n = 25), and control normal livers (n = 12). The expression of p16INK4a and p21WAF1/Cip1 was frequently found in ductular cells in the advanced stage of chronic liver diseases, especially in PBC (P &lt; .05). Double immunostaining disclosed that most senescent cells expressed cyclin D (G1-phase marker). NCAM was frequently coexpressed in ductular cells showing senescence-associated markers. Some ductular cells in ductular reactions in chronic liver diseases were at G1 arrest and undergoing cellular senescence. Such senescent cells may be involved in the progression of fibrosis of these diseases, particularly in PBC.
Simple method for preparing monoclinic single crystals of zeolite ZSM-5 and analysis of their structure
Authors: Kamiya Natsumi , Yano Midori , Matsuo Hiroto , Iwama Wataru , Nishi Koji , Yokomori Yoshinobu 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
A simple method for preparing monoclinic single crystals of ZSM-5 is developed. The ZSM-5 crystals are pressed with a weight of 50 g at an angle of 45° relative to the
b
and
c
crystallographic axes of twin ZSM-5 crystals while the temperature is simultaneously increased to 573 K. The temperature is then slowly reduced to 313 K, and these steps are repeated three times. The monoclinic structure of the single crystals of ZSM-5 produced using this method is then determined.
Sr3TeO6 and Ba3TeO6: double perovskites with pronounced superstructures
Authors: Stöger Berthold , Weil Matthias , Zobetz Erich 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The orthotellurates (VI) of strontium and barium were synthesized at 1373 K in air by oxidation of TeO2 in a melt of SrBr2 and BaBr2, respectively. Their unprecedented structures were determined from room temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction data. Sr3TeO6, [F-1, Z = 32, a = 16.5338(2) Å, b = 16.6308(2) Å, c = 16.7112(3) Å, α = 90.031(2)°, β = 90.035(2)°, γ = 90.1370(10)°, R[F
2 > 2σ(F
2)] = 0.035, 19195 F
2 data, 375 variable parameters] and Ba3TeO6 [I41/a, Z = 80, a = 19.3878(10) Å, c = 34.909(2) Å, R[F
2 > 2σ(F
2)] = 0.034, 19576 F
2 data, 453 variable parameters] are eight- and 40-fold superstructures which can be described as a pseudo-cubic close-packing of [TeO6]6– octahedra with M
2+ (M = Ba, Sr) atoms located in the tetrahedral and octahedral voids. Sr3TeO6 and Ba3TeO6 are hettotypes of the cubic aristotype with the double perovskite structure crystallizing in space group Fm-3m. A comparative discussion of the crystal structures and their group-subgroup relations are given, including different approaches for the structure descriptions.
Kinetics of removal of intravenous testosterone pulses in normal men
Authors: Veldhuis Johannes D , Keenan Daniel M , Liu Peter Y , Takahashi Paul Y 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundTestosterone is secreted into the bloodstream episodically, putatively distributing into total, bioavailable (bio) nonsex hormone-binding globulin (nonSHBG-bound), and free testosterone moieties. The kinetics of total, bio, and free testosterone pulses are unknown.DesignAdrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis was blocked pharmacologically, glucocorticoid was replaced, and testosterone was infused in pulses in four distinct doses in 14 healthy men under two different paradigms (a total of 220 testosterone pulses).MethodsTestosterone kinetics were assessed by deconvolution analysis of total, free, bioavailable, SHBG-bound, and albumin-bound testosterone concentration–time profiles.ResultsIndependently of testosterone dose or paradigm, rapid-phase half-lives (min) of total, free, bioavailable, SHBG-bound, and albumin-bound testosterone were comparable at 1.4±0.22 min (grand mean±s.e.m. of geometric means). Slow-phase testosterone half-lives were highest for SHBG-bound testosterone (32 min) and total testosterone (27 min) with the former exceeding that of free testosterone (18 min), bioavailable testosterone (14 min), and albumin-bound testosterone (18 min;P<0.001). Collective outcomes indicate that i) the rapid phase of testosterone disappearance from point sampling in the circulation is not explained by testosterone dose; ii) SHBG-bound testosterone and total testosterone kinetics are prolonged; and iii) the half-lives of bioavailable, albumin-bound, and free testosterone are short.ConclusionA frequent-sampling strategy comprising an experimental hormone clamp, estimation of hormone concentrations as bound and free moieties, mimicry of physiological pulses, and deconvolution analysis may have utility in estimating thein vivokinetics of other hormones, substrates, and metabolites.
Accessing Thin Reservoirs Through a Collaborative Process of Reservoir Navigation
Authors: Bacon Robert , Panda Debasis 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Operators and service companies have to constantly re-evaluate their understanding of the sub-surface, the technology and methodology of accessing the reservoirs, and the ways and means of extending the production plateau for as long as possible. As has been stated by others, the only constant in the continued search for hydrocarbons is change. This requires an open mind as to the technology employed during reservoir characterization and wellbore construction, but should also entail a critical review of the collaboration efforts between operators and service companies. Leading teams successfully requires an understanding of what teams are, when they are appropriate, and how to establish an environment in which they can thrive (Glenn et al). The products of a team are mostly collective or joint efforts, and, when operating well, teams engage in open, honest dialogue and learn from mistakes in an atmosphere of trust,
The paper illustrates the benefits of an integrated team approach to Reservoir Navigation, based on the critical review of a multi-lateral well drilled recently to successfully access the thin reservoir layers offshore UAE. Combining the extensive field knowledge of operator experts with the specific Logging While Drilling (LWD) tool response knowledge of service company experts allowed multi-lateral wells of over 4,000’ length to be positioned accurately in challenging reservoirs of less than 6’ thickness.
This paper illustrates the introduction of several techniques for navigating and characterizing challenging hydrocarbon reservoirs utilizing real-time borehole images, coupled with the more traditional deep reading resistivity measurements. Incorporating structural geological information derived from the imaging tools into real-time reservoir modeling provided crucial information that allowed the use of traditional resistivity data for wellbore placement in spite of the low resistivity contrast between the reservoir and the surrounding formations. Wellbore tortuosity was minimized using the latest generation rotary closed loop steerable system (RCLS), ensuring completion operations proceeded without any problems. By combining the expertise of the operator with specialists from the service company and contractors a team based approach was successfully employed to solving the myriad of problems the well entailed.
Integrating the expertise of both operator and service company experts by providing a central data review and collaboration center enabled the true value of the data to be realized. Real time data review and interpretation provided the basis for informed real-time decisions, positively impacting well placement and reservoir contact as well as reducing Non Productive Time.
The paper summarizes best practices and learning points regarding the cost-effective application of LWD and RCLS to gain access to challenging reservoirs.
Instilling the Spirit - Learning Strategies for the New Millennium: The Bachelor of Education in Enterprise Education Program
Authors: Luczkiw Eugene 
Published: January 2010

The mental models, learning styles and world views that people internalized in last century's industrial era no longer serve the demographic, economic, environmental, and social needs of the 21st Century. New learning methodologies and strategies are needed to connect each individual's distinct essence of being with emerging opportunities in today's highly disruptive environment The Institute for Enterprise Education (IEE) has developed such a curriculum that seeks to connect the learner and facilitator with learning opportunities that enhance their capability and connection with emerging opportunities in the external environment This paper. provides a global context for the need to instill the entrepreneurial spirit into every subject field of the educational spectrum; evaluates entrepreneurship as an effective process for interacting with today's highly disruptive global environment; identifies scientific paradigms that provide a systems approach to understand the new rules and the nature of interaction (Science of Complexity); synthesizes the theory behind complexity sciences and the practice of entrepreneurship to provide a learning strategy for each individual (Human Factor); develops an evolutionary path for the Bachelor of Education in Enterprise Education program for new student teachers, a symbiotic partnership between IEE and Brock University's Faculty of Education.
The hook sign for differential diagnosis of malignant from benign lesions in magnetic resonance mammography: Experience in a study of 1084 histologically verified cases
Authors: Dietzel Matthias , Baltzer Pascal A. T. , Vag Tibor , Gajda Mieczyslaw , Camara Oumar , Kaiser Werner A. 
Published: January 2010

Background: The hook sign (HS) has recently been introduced as a new descriptor for differential diagnosis in magnetic resonance mammography (MRM). Purpose: To analyze the diagnostic value of HS in a large collection of 1084 cases. Material and Methods: This study was approved by the local ethics committee, and 1084 consecutive lesions (no manipulations of the breast up to 12 months before MRM) with histological verification after MRM were included. HS was analyzed according to standard study protocols and was rated positive if a hook-like spiculated dendrite connecting a lesion with the pectoral muscle could be visualized. Examinations were rated by experienced observers (>500 examinations). Prevalence of HS was correlated with histological diagnosis, grading, and size (chi-square test). Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Results: HS was significantly associated with malignancy ( P < 0.001), providing high specificity, LR+, and DOR (96.8%, 9.1, and 12.5, respectively). Malignant lesions >20 mm presented with HS significantly more often than those <20 mm ( P < 0.001). HS was characteristic of invasive cancers and rare in preinvasive malignomas ( P < 0.001). Prevalence of HS did not differ between invasive lobular and ductal carcinomas (n.s.). There was no correlation between HS and the grading of invasive carcinomas. Conclusion: In 1084 lesions, the hook sign was a specific descriptor for differentiation of benign and malignant lesions in MRM, with high evidence for prediction of malignancy, particularly in the case of advanced lesions and invasive carcinomas.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the distinction of high-grade cerebral gliomas from single metastatic brain tumors
Authors: Server Andres , Josefsen Roger , Kulle Bettina , Mæhlen Jan , Schellhorn Till , Gadmar Øystein , Kumar Theresa , Haakonsen Monika , Langberg Carl W. , Nakstad Per H. 
Published: January 2010

Background: Brain metastases and primary high-grade gliomas, including glioblastomas multiforme (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytomas (AA), may be indistinguishable by conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Identification of these tumors may have therapeutic consequences. Purpose: To assess the value of MR spectroscopy (MRS) using short and intermediate echo time (TE) in differentiating solitary brain metastases and high-grade gliomas on the basis of differences in metabolite ratios in the intratumoral and peritumoral region. Material and Methods: We performed MR imaging and MRS in 73 patients with histologically verified intraaxial brain tumors: 53 patients with high-grade gliomas (34 GBM and 19 AA) and 20 patients with metastatic brain tumors. The metabolite ratios of Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, and NAA/Cr at intermediate TE and the presence of lipids at short TE were assessed from spectral maps in the tumoral core, peritumoral edema, and contralateral normal-appearing white matter. The differences in the metabolite ratios between high-grade gliomas/GBM/AA and metastases were analyzed statistically. Cutoff values of Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, and NAA/Cr ratios in the peritumoral edema, as well as Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr ratios in the tumoral core for distinguishing high-grade gliomas/GBM/AA from metastases were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Significant differences were noted in the peritumoral Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, and NAA/ Cr ratios between high-grade gliomas/GBM/AA and metastases. ROC analysis demonstrated a cutoff value of 1.24 for peritumoral Cho/Cr ratio to provide sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) of 100%, 88.9%, 80.0%, and 100%, respectively, for discrimination between high-grade gliomas and metastases. By using a cutoff value of 1.11 for peritumoral Cho/NAA ratio, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity was 91.1%, the PPV was 83.3%, and the NPV was 100%. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that MRS can differentiate high-grade gliomas from metastases, especially with peritumoral measurements, supporting the hypothesis that MRS can detect infiltration of tumor cells in the peritumoral edema.
Comparison of dry laser printer versus paper printer in full-field digital mammography
Authors: Liang Zhigang , Du Xiangying , Guo Xiaojuan , Rong Dongdong , Kang Ruiying , Mao Guangyun , Liu Jiabin , Li Kuncheng 
Published: January 2010

Background: Paper printers have been used to document radiological findings in some hospitals. It is critical to establish whether paper printers can achieve the same efficacy and quality as dry laser printers for full-field digital mammography (FFDM). Purpose: To compare the image quality and detection rate of dry laser printers and paper printers for FFDM. Material and Methods: Fifty-five cases (25 with single clustered microcalcifications and 30 controls) were selected by a radiologist not participating in the image review. All images were printed on film and paper by one experienced mammography technologist using the processing algorithm routinely used for our mammograms. Two radiologists evaluated hard copies from dry laser printers and paper printers for image quality and detectability of clustered microcalcifications. For the image quality comparisons, agreement between the reviewers was evaluated by means of kappa statistics. The significance of differences between both of the printers was determined using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. The detection rate of two printing systems was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: From 110 scores (55 patients, two readers) per printer system, the following quality results were achieved for dry laser printer images: 70 (63.6%) were rated as good and 40 (36.4%) as moderate. By contrast, for the paper printer images, 25 scores (22.7%) were rated as good and 85 (77.3%) as moderate. Therefore, the image quality of the dry laser printer was superior to that achieved by the paper printer ( P=0.00). The average area-under-the-curve (Az) values for the dry laser printer and the paper printer were 0.991 and 0.805, respectively. The difference was 0.186. Results of ROC analysis showed significant difference in observer performance between the dry laser printer and paper printer ( P=0.0015). Conclusion: The performance of dry laser printers is superior to that of paper printers. Paper printers should not be used in FFDM.
Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-2-deoxy-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography for pn2 lymph nodes in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Ozawa Yoshiyuki , Hara Masaki , Sakurai Keita , Nakagawa Motoo , Tamaki Tsuneo , Nishio Masami , Shibamoto Yuta 
Published: January 2010

Background: The accuracy of 18F-2-deoxy-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for diagnosing nodal status in patients with lung cancer was initially reported as excellent, but, with increasing experience, the problem of false-positive and false-negative assessments has been observed. Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of FDG-PET for diagnosing nodal status in lung cancer patients with pathologically proven N2 lymph nodes and compare it with that of computed tomography (CT). Material and Methods: Nineteen pN2 patients (13 males and six females) with primary lung cancer undergoing preoperative CT and FDG-PET were investigated. Lymph nodes were considered to be positive when uptake higher than the surrounding mediastinal level was visually observed. Slight symmetrical mediastinal uptake was considered to be negative, representing benign physiological accumulation. Radiological and pathological correlation was investigated, and the association between FDG accumulation and the size of metastatic lymph nodes and metastatic lesions was evaluated. Results: Of the 19 patients, nodal stage determined by using FDG-PET was cN0 in four (21%) cases, cN1 in three (16%), cN2 in nine (47%), and cN3 in three (16%). On CT, nodal stage was cN0 in three (16%) cases, cN1 in seven (37%), cN2 in eight (42%), and cN3 in one (5%). Thus, FDG-PET provided correct N-staging in 47%, under-staging in 37%, and overstaging in 16%. CT staging was correct in 42%, underestimated in 53%, and overestimated in 5%. The maximum area of metastatic foci was 15.8 ±21.3 mm2 (mean ± SD) in false-negative nodes and 75.0±56.3 mm2 in true-positive nodes ( P<0.0001). Conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET (47%) was low and similar to that of CT (42%). The possibility of false-negative as well as false-positive findings should be recognized in interpreting PET images. Micrometastasis appeared to be the greatest cause of false-negative findings.