bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phylogenetic comparison of urease‐positive thermophilic Campylobacter (UPTC) and urease‐negative (UN) C. lari
Authors: Hirayama Junichi , Tazumi Akihiro , Hayashi Kyohei , Tasaki Erina , Kuribayashi Takashi , Moore John E. , Millar Beverley C. , Matsuda Motoo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn the present study, the reliability of full‐length gene sequence information for several genes including 16S rRNA was examined, for the discrimination of the two representative Campylobacter lari taxa, namely urease‐negative (UN) C. lari and urease‐positive thermophilic Campylobacter (UPTC). As previously described, 16S rRNA gene sequence are not reliable for the molecular discrimination of UN C. lari from UPTC organisms employing both the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic means analysis (UPGMA) and neighbor joining (NJ) methods. In addition, three composite full‐length gene sequences (ciaB, flaC and vacJ) out of seven gene loci examined were reliable for discrimination employing dendrograms constructed by the UPGMA method. In addition, all the dendrograms of the NJ phylogenetic trees constructed based on the nine gene information were not reliable for the discrimination. Three composite full‐length gene sequences (ciaB, flaC and vacJ) were reliable for the molecular discrimination between UN C. lari and UPTC organisms employing the UPGMA method, as well as among four thermophilic Campylobacter species. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tephra in deglacial ocean sediments south of Iceland: Stratigraphy, geochemistry and oceanic reservoir ages
Authors: Thornalley David J. R. , McCave I. Nick , Elderfield Harry 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIcelandic tephra layers within deglacial ocean sediment cores from south of Iceland have been detected and their timing with respect to the climate shifts of the last deglaciation constrained. Geochemical analysis of the tephra allowed the likely source volcanic systems to be identified. The previously known Saksunarvatn ash and Vedde ash are recognised and described. Several other major tephra layers are examined: basaltic eruption(s) of Katla at ∼8.4 ka; a basaltic eruption of Katla at ∼12.6 ka; a rhyolitic eruption of Katla at ∼13.6 ka producing tephra similar in appearance and composition to the Vedde ash; a basaltic eruption of Katla at ∼14.0 ka; and two basaltic eruptions of Grímsvötn at ∼14.6 ka and ∼15.0 ka. Abundant rhyolitic ash with a similar appearance and chemistry to the Vedde ash is found throughout the deglacial interval, predating the Vedde ash by up to 3000 years, supporting previous suggestions that there were pre‐Vedde ash eruptions of rhyolite that may have contributed to North Atlantic Ash Zone 1.This study expands the tephro‐stratigraphic framework of the North Atlantic and provides a marine archive in which the timing of tephra layers (useful as isochrons) can be directly compared to major ocean and climate events of the last deglaciation. Furthermore, by correlating tephra layers and abundance changes in the polar foraminifera, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral), to equivalent tephra events and inferred abrupt cooling/warming in Greenland ice‐cores, contemporaneous 14C‐dated planktonic foraminifera have been used to estimate changes in the surface radiocarbon reservoir age south of Iceland. Consistent with previous studies, larger surface reservoir ages are calculated during late Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas (∼2000 years and ∼800–1900 years respectively). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of in situ derivatization SPME by experimental design for GC‐MS multi‐residue analysis of pharmaceutical drugs in wastewater
Authors: de Lima Gomes Paulo Clairmont Feitosa , Barletta Juliana Yamashita , Nazario Carlos Eduardo Domingues , Santos‐Neto Álvaro José , Von Wolff Marya Anne , Coneglian Cassiana Maria Reganhan , Umbuzeiro Gisela Aragão , Lancas Fernando Mauro 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper presents the development of a procedure, which enables the analysis of nine pharmaceutical drugs in wastewater using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) associated with solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) for the sample preparation. Experimental design was applied to optimize the in situ derivatization and the SPME extraction conditions. Ethyl chloroformate (ECF) was employed as derivatizing agent and polydimethylsiloxane‐divinylbenzene (PDMS‐DVB) as the SPME fiber coating. A fractional factorial design was used to evaluate the main factors for the in situ derivatization and SPME extraction. Thereafter, a Doehlert matrix design was applied to find out the best experimental conditions. The method presented a linear range from 0.5 to 10 μg/L, and the intraday and interday precision were lower than 16%. Applicability of the method was verified from real influent and effluent samples of a wastewater treatment plant, as well as from samples of an industry wastewater and a river.
Dialectical behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse: A pilot study of an intensive residential treatment program
Authors: Steil Regina , Dyer Anne , Priebe Kathlen , Kleindienst Nikolaus , Bohus Martin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDialectical behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (DBT‐PTSD) is tailored for adults with PTSD from childhood sexual abuse (CSA). It uses principles from DBT and trauma‐focused cognitive–behavioral approaches. To evaluate acceptance and safety, the authors treated 29 women with chronic CSA‐related PTSD plus at least one other comorbid diagnosis. The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), Symptom Checklist 90‐Revised, Beck Depression Inventory, and State Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered prior to, at the end of, and 6 weeks after 3 months of intensive residential treatment. An effect size of 1.22 on the PDS was found between baseline and follow‐up. Effect sizes for secondary outcomes ranged from medium to large. The results suggest that DBT‐PTSD has promise for reducing severe and chronic PTSD after CSA.
Quantification of benign lesion regression as a function of 532‐nm pulsed potassium titanyl phosphate laser parameter selection
Authors: Mallur Pavan S. , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Aaronson Nicole , Branski Ryan C. , Amin Milan R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Although the potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser is versatile, the variability in laser parameters for laryngeal pathologies and the lack of clinical efficacy data remain problematic. We provide preliminary data regarding these parameters for benign lesion regression. In addition, we describe a novel method for the quantification of the effects of the KTP laser on vocal fold (VF) lesions.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Images were captured from examinations before and after in‐office KTP treatment in patients with a range of benign lesions. Laser settings were noted for each patient. Imaging software was then used to calculate a ratio of lesion area to VF length. Ten percent of images were requantified to determine inter‐rater reliability.Results:Thirty‐two patients underwent 47 procedures for lesions including hemorrhagic polyp, nonhemorrhagic polyp, vocal process granuloma, Reinke's edema, cyst/pseudocyst, leukoplakia, and squamous cell carcinoma in situ. No statistically significant differences were observed with regard to the laser parameters used as a function of lesion type. Regardless, by 1 month following treatment, all lesions had significantly decreased in size, except nonhemorrhagic polyps. Similar data were obtained at 2‐month follow‐up. We then compared the pre‐KTP lesion size with the smallest lesion size quantified during the 1‐year follow‐up period. All lesions were significantly smaller, with the exception of Reinke's edema. Inter‐rater reliability was quite good.Conclusions:KTP laser effectively reduced VF lesion size, irrespective of the laser parameters used. In addition, our quantification method for lesion size appeared to be both viable and reliable. Laryngoscope, 2011
Sialoendoscopy in the diagnosis and management of obstructive sialadenitis
Authors: Maresh Alison , Kutler David I. , Kacker Ashutosh 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjective:Sialoendoscopy is a new technology being used at a limited number of institutions for the diagnosis and management of obstructive sialadenitis. This technique is promising for its superior diagnostic potential as well as its decreased morbidity compared to traditional more invasive techniques for managing obstruction. Our objective is to review the sialoendoscopy experience at our institution to identify successes, areas of improvement, and to provide guidance to other programs that may be interested in sialoendoscopy.Study Design:We did a retrospective review of all diagnostic and interventional sialoendoscopies performed at this institution from 2007 to 2009.Methods:Charts were reviewed for epidemiologic and clinical data, as well as procedural techniques, findings, and outcomes.Results:We attempted 37 parotid and submandibular sialoendoscopies, with successful endoscopic canalization of the duct in 36 of these cases. Twenty of 25 stones were removed from 18 patients. Stones that were larger than 5 mm were more difficult to dislodge and remove without fragmentation. Other abnormal findings included strictures, scars, and mucoid debris. There were two failures of technique, and two patients had postoperative purulent sialadenitis that resolved after antibiotics.Conclusions:As an institution that recently began performing sialoendoscopies, we show similar success rates compared to other programs. Obstacles included the initial cost of acquiring equipment and the associated learning curve of using a new technique. Similar to other programs, successful extraction of sialoliths was limited with larger stones. In the future, we hope to use laser lithotripsy for fragmentation, a technique already being trialed at some institutions. Laryngoscope, 2011
Health‐related and specific olfaction‐related quality of life in patients with chronic functional anosmia or severe hyposmia
Authors: Neuland Claudia , Bitter Thomas , Marschner Heike , Gudziol Hilmar , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To measure health‐related and olfaction‐related quality of life (QoL) in patients with permanent, severe hyposmia or functional anosmia.Study Design:A case study in a university ENT department of patients with severe olfactory dysfunction defined by Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test kit with a score for odor threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) < 20 and a dysfunction lasting longer than 6 months.Methods:Assessment of QoL by using the SF‐36 Health Survey questionnaire and the Questionnaire for Olfactory Dysfunction (QOD).Results:A total of 958 patients were tested for smell disturbances from 1999 to 2009. Surveys were mailed to 527 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria; 280 (53%) returned completed surveys. All SF‐36 domains in severely hyposmic and anosmic patients were lower than in the German normal population. Lower SF‐36 QoL was found for some domains in female patients, older patients, and hyposmic patients (P < .05 for all groups). Based on the QOD, women showed more parosmia, and anosmic patients had more olfactory‐related impairment (P < .05 for both); in general, higher olfactory impairment and higher parosmia score measured by QOD correlated with lower TDI values (all P < .05). Multivariate analysis revealed, for SF‐36 domains, the following independent risk factors: female sex was a risk factor for bodily pain; higher age was a risk factor for physical functioning and role, bodily pain, and general health; hyposmia was a risk factor for bodily pain and mental health; QOD QoL was a risk factor for all SF‐36 scales; and QOD parosmia was a risk factor for physical role (all P < .05).Conclusions:QoL is severely impaired in patients with chronic severe hyposmia or anosmia. The QOD allows a more olfaction‐specific assessment of QoL than the SF‐36 instrument. Laryngoscope, 2011
The effects of cigarette smoke condensate on vocal fold transepithelial resistance and inflammatory signaling in vocal fold fibroblasts
Authors: Branski Ryan C. , Zhou Hang , Kraus Dennis H. , Sivasankar Mahalakshmi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:In response to chronic cigarette smoke exposure, a subset of patients present with edematous vocal folds, characteristically referred to as Reinke's edema. This phenotype differs from the tissue changes associated with prolonged smoke exposure in the lower airway, and the mechanism underlying Reinke's edema remains poorly described. We hypothesize that the effects of smoke are diffuse and involve both the epithelium and mucosa.Study Design:In vitro, ex vivo experiment.Methods:Transepithelial resistance (RT) was quantified in an ex vivo, viable, porcine vocal fold model. Excised tissue was exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and RT was computed at baseline and 1 and 4 hours after exposure. In vitro, human vocal fold fibroblasts were exposed to CSC. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1, and 15‐hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase mRNA expression were assessed at 4 hours. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis was quantified via immunoassay following 24 hours of CSC exposure.Results:CSC had no effect on RT. CSC did, however, induce COX‐2 mRNA expression as well as its downstream lipid mediator PGE2. PGE2 metabolism appears to be regulated via both synthetic and degradative enzymes in response to cigarette smoke.Conclusions:In vitro, CSC initiates an inflammatory response in vocal fold fibroblasts. However, in isolation, the epithelial resistance is not altered by CSC, at least acutely. These data may suggest a role for the interaction between the inflammatory response in the mucosa and compromised epithelial barrier function, as has been shown in other tissues. Laryngoscope, 2011
Botulinum toxin treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia: Longitudinal functional outcomes
Authors: Novakovic Daniel , Waters Heather H. , D'Elia Joanna B. , Blitzer Andrew 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectives:Laryngeal botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection is a well‐established symptomatic treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD). Injections may be followed by a period of muscle weakness characterized by breathiness, voice weakness, and dysphagia for liquids. A recent study described some detriment and limited functional improvement with “good voice” for only one‐third of the period between successive injections. Our objective was to examine the longitudinal effect of BoNT treatment for AdSD upon functional outcomes and quality of life when using a patient‐specific dosing regimen.Study Design:Prospective cohort study.Methods:Patients presenting for BoNT treatment of AdSD were asked to complete evaluation of voice function after each injection using the percentage of normal function (PNF) scale (daily for two weeks, then weekly). Other parameters measured included voice handicap index (VHI), duration of effect, and complications.Results:A total of 133 patients treated continuously between January 2006 and January 2009 with an individuated regime (dose, pattern, and schedule) were included. Of 1,457 treatments, 50.9% experienced some breathiness. Mean VHI improvement was 9.6%. Mean PNF improvement was 30.3%. There was correlation between the two scales. Dysphagia to liquids was reported after 14.2% of treatments. We describe two distinct types of functional outcome curve. A total of 28.5% of treatments were followed by initial functional decline. Mean time below baseline function was 5.7%. Mean proportion of time in plateau phase was 42.5%.Conclusions:It is important to consider longitudinal functional outcomes in BoNT treatment of AdSD. An individuated dosing regimen helps minimize side effects and maximize functional and quality‐of‐life outcomes. Laryngoscope, 2011
Perioperative lumbar drain placement: An independent predictor of tension pneumocephalus and intracranial complications following anterior skull base surgery
Authors: Pepper Jon‐Paul , Lin Erin M. , Sullivan Stephen E. , Marentette Lawrence J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjective:To measure the effect of routine perioperative lumbar drain placement during anterior skull base surgery on the frequency of: 1) tension pneumocephalus and 2) total intracranial complications.Design:Retrospective review of a series of patients (n = 161) who underwent the transglabellar/subcranial approach to lesions of the anterior skull base between December 1995 and November 2009. A retrospective cohort (n = 45) underwent routine lumbar drain placement at the time of skull base surgery. The remainder of the series did not undergo routine perioperative lumbar drain placement.Intervention:Transglabellar/subcranial surgical approach to the anterior skull base, with or without routine perioperative lumbar drain placement.Results:Routine placement of perioperative lumbar drains was an independent predictor of tension pneumocephalus (P =.022, odds ratio = 11.22 [1.218–103.3]). In addition, this practice was also associated with an increased risk of intracranial complications overall (P =.025, odds ratio = 2.623 [1.104–6.233]).Conclusion:Routine placement of perioperative lumbar drain may be associated with an increased risk of tension pneumocephalus and intracranial complications during surgery of the anterior cranial base. Laryngoscope, 2011
Open bedside tracheotomy: Impact on patient care and patient safety
Authors: Yoo Donald B. , Schiff Bradley A. , Martz Susanne , Fraioli Rebecca E. , Smith Richard V. , Kvetan Vladimir , Fried Marvin P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectives:Objectives were: 1) to evaluate the impact of open bedside tracheotomy (OBT) on patient care and 2) to determine whether OBT in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a safe, cost‐effective procedure.Study Design:Retrospective chart‐based review.Methods:A total of 163 consecutive adult patients in the medical or surgical ICU who underwent OBT by the Otorhinolaryngology service from July 2007 to July 2009, in addition to the 163 consecutive adult patients who had undergone open tracheotomy in the operating room immediately prior to July 2007, were included in the study. Data examined included time intervals between initial consultation and performance of tracheotomy, complication rates, ICU length of stay, and cost considerations.Results:In the group of patients examined prior to OBT, time to surgery (TTS) averaged 3.24 days in comparison to an average of 1.48 days for patients who received OBT (P < .05). Review of complications revealed no significant difference in the two study groups (odds ratio [OR], 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44–4.56, P = .56). The length of ICU stay decreased by 0.6 days on average in the OBT group versus the OR group, although not achieving statistical significance (P = .18). Cost analysis suggests a potential savings of $4,575 per case, resulting in approximately $745,700 saved in the OBT group.Conclusions:Review of our experience demonstrates comparable safety for tracheotomy performed bedside versus in the operating room, while offering shorter time to surgery, decreased costs, and perhaps a reduction in the length of ICU stay. These findings suggest that open bedside tracheotomy is preferable to tracheotomy performed in the operating room for patients in the ICU setting. Laryngoscope, 2011
Temporal bone abnormalities in children with GJB2 mutations
Authors: Kenna Margaret A. , Rehm Heidi L. , Frangulov Anna , Feldman Henry A. , Robson Caroline D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectives:To determine the incidence of temporal bone abnormalities in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and pathogenic biallelic GJB2 mutations.Study Design:Retrospective analysis of a large cohort of pediatric patients with biallelic GJB2 mutations and SNHL (observational case series).Methods:Blinded review of all available temporal bone computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in this cohort.Results:Out of 158 patients with biallelic GJB2 mutations, 113 had CT and/or MRI studies available for review. Definite, although generally subtle, inner ear abnormalities were present in 12/113. There were malformations of the semicircular canals (SCC) in 4/12, of the internal auditory canal in 2/12, of the cochlear nerve canal (CNC) in 6, and unilateral cochlear malformation in 1/12. MRI in 1/5 showed mildly hypoplastic cochlear nerve. There was no correlation between SNHL severity and presence/absence/type of malformations or genotype.Conclusions:Our study of 113 biallelic GJB2 patients with SNHL and temporal bone imaging is the largest study to date. We found only 10% had any abnormalities, most subtle, and none had EVA. Additionally, there was no correlation between SNHL severity and presence/absence/type of malformations or genotype. Disparities between our group and previous reports may be due to differences in degree of hearing loss, types of mutations, populations studied, and radiologic factors for both image acquisition and interpretation. Laryngoscope, 2011
A review of clinical practice guidelines for reflux disease: Toward creating a clinical protocol for the otolaryngologist
Authors: Altman Kenneth W. , Prufer Neil , Vaezi Michael F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectivesReflux disease, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), is an extremely common condition that is diagnosed and treated routinely in an otolaryngology practice. There is great variability in the methods of both diagnosis and treatment amongst otolaryngologists. Our aim is to review current clinical practice guidelines on reflux disease, to identify areas of agreement and controversy, and to begin to work toward a clinical protocol for reflux disease for the otolaryngologist.Study DesignLiterature review with discussion.MethodsA PubMed search was performed looking for clinical practice guidelines on either GERD or LPR. Five hundred seventy articles were identified and the most clinically relevant practice guidelines were selected.ResultsThirteen key articles were identified. Eleven of these come from the gastroenterology literature, and none of them come from the otolaryngology literature. There appears to be a consensus on empiric medication trial as first‐line therapy for presumed uncomplicated GERD and on prioritizing early identification of patients with severe disease complications. Areas of controversy include the definition of GERD and LPR, which diagnostic algorithm to use in which patient, and the long‐term management of medical therapy.ConclusionsAlthough there are many clinical aspects of reflux disease that still remain a mystery, there is enough literature to support a rudimentary clinical protocol at this time. As further data become available from outcomes measurements, such a protocol may result in improved quality and standardization. Laryngoscope, 2011