bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, characterization, and properties of novel biodegradable aliphatic–aromatic copolyester nanohybrids with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes moieties
Authors: Wang Bing‐Tao , Zhang Yan , Zhang Ping , Gao De , Fang Zheng‐Ping 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBiodegradable aliphatic–aromatic copolyester nanohybrids, with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) moieties tethered between poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene terephthalate) segments, is designed and prepared. First, (bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) dipropionate POSS, BH‐POSS) is synthesized under mild conditions, then in situ polycondensation is carried out in the presence of terephthalic acid, PLA oligomer, 1,4‐butanediol, and BH‐POSS.1 H‐NMR and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy confirm that Michael addition reaction of amino‐POSS and hydroxyethyl acrylate takes place efficiently and forms BH‐POSS in high yield at room temperature. Owing to similar functional groups, BH‐POSS could be easily incorporated into the macromolecular chains and obtain final copolyester nanohybrids. Moreover, X‐ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy observations demonstrate that POSS moieties occur self‐assembly behaviors and form nanoaggregates with the diameter of 50–100 nm. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the copolyester nanohybrids containing BH‐POSS are substantially improved. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Microstructure, electrical, and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of carbon nanotube/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene nanocomposites
Authors: Al‐Saleh Mohammed H. , Sundararaj Uttandaraman 
Published: August 2012

AbstractProcessing, electrical, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding behaviors of carbon nanotube (CNT)/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) nanocomposites were studied as function of CNT concentration. The nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing followed by compression molding. The selective and good level of dispersion of CNT in the styrene–acrylonitrile section of the ABS polymer was found to create conductive networks in the ABS matrix at a nanofiller loading of 0.75 wt %. At this nanofiller loading, the nanocomposite electrical conductivity was 10−5 S/m. This conductivity makes the nanocomposite suitable for electrostatic discharge protection applications. The EMI shielding effectiveness of the nanocomposites increased with the increase in nanofiller concentration. In the 100–1500 MHz frequency range, 1.1 mm thick plates made of ABS nanocomposite filled with 5 wt % CNT exhibit an EMI shielding effectiveness of 24 dB. At this shielding level, the nanocomposite is suitable for a broad range of applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Microwave experiments using open chaotic cavities in the realm of the effective Hamiltonian formalism
Authors: Kuhl U. , Legrand O. , Mortessagne F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe description of open quantum system successfully uses the concept of the effective Hamiltonian, which takes into account the coupling to the environment. The concept can be extended to classical waves. Experimentally, classical waves are very convenient as they allow to control boundaries, coupling and absorption. We combine here recent works with microwaves investigating properties of open systems which can be described by an effective Hamiltonian. This ranges from spectral properties like modifications to level dynamics, width distribution and coupling fidelity to spatial properties like intensity distributions and complexness parameter which describes the non‐orthogonality of eigenfunctions.
Plasma‐assisted MBE growth of ZnO on GaAs substrate with a ZnSe buffer layer
Authors: Zhao Kuaile , Ye Lijia , Tamargo M. C. , Shen A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractZnO thin films were grown by plasma‐assisted MBE on GaAs substrates with ZnSe buffer layers. GaAs with different orientations: (001), (111) A, and (111) B were investigated. X‐ray diffraction measurements showed that ZnO grown on (111) B GaAs substrates have the best structural quality. All the samples showed good optical qualities as indicated by room temperature photoluminescence measurements. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabry‐Perot‐based Layer Stacks for Ellipsometric Encoding
Authors: Beck Uwe , Hönig Dirk , Schneider Stefan , Domnick Ralph , Belzner Mathias , Hertwig Andreas , Stephanowitz Ralph , Sahre Mario , Weise Matthias 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPublic, hidden, and forensic features either encoded or directly legible are used for authentication. Fabry‐Perot layer stacks as information carriers in combination with imaging ellipsometry as optical read‐out system provide all‐in‐one anti‐counterfeiting capability that may establish the new security level “encoded forensic”. Different layer designs are described with regard to all three security levels: public features (e.g. color and tilt effect) perceptible by the human eye, hidden features (e.g. spectroscopic response in the UV or IR), and forensic features (ellipsometric quantities Ψ and Δ as a function of wavelength λ and angle of incidence AOI). Physically uncloneable functions (PUF) could be realized as a result of a multi‐material and a multi‐parameter deposition approach as well as by means of specific design features of the Fabry‐Perot layer stack. Hence, they are not subject to any reverse engineering strategies. Examples of stratified, micro‐structured, and laser‐modified Fabry‐Perot layer systems are considered that may be used at all perception levels (e.g. human eye, bar code reader, and imaging ellipsometry) for authentication against product counterfeiting and related areas.
Transparente leitfähige Elektroden
Authors: Müller‐Meskamp Lars , Sachse Christoph , Kim Yong Hyun , Furno Mauro , May Christian , Leo Karl 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOrganische photoaktive Bauelemente wie organische Solarzellen oder OLEDs benötigen mindestens eine transparente leitfähige Elektrodenschicht. Auf Glassubstraten und für erste Produkte werden dazu überwiegend IndiumZinn‐Oxid (ITO) Dünnschichten eingesetzt. ITO hat hervorragende Eigenschaften und ist seit Jahren in der Industrie erprobt. Für den Einsatz in kostengünstigen, leichten und flexiblen Produkten ist das spröde und relativ teure Material aber nicht optimal, so dass neue Marktchancen für alternative Elektrodenmaterialien bestehen.Kandidaten dafür sind alternative transparente Oxide, netzwerkbasierte Elektroden aus Metallnanodrähten oder Carbon Nanotubes, leitfähige Polymere, Metalldünnschichten oder Graphene. Transparente Elektrodenschichten aus diesen Materialien sind teilweise noch im experimentellen Stadium, können aber in Zukunft ITO in ausgewählten Applikationen ersetzen.
Laserakustik für Schicht‐ und Oberflächenprüfung
Authors: Schneider Dieter , Leson Andreas , Berger Lutz‐Michael 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn dem Beitrag wird eine laserakustische Methode für die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schichten und Werkstoffoberflächen vorgestellt. Sie beruht auf der Messung der Dispersion von akustischen Oberflächenwellen, die mit kurzen Laserimpulsen angeregt werden. Dabei wird ausgenutzt, dass die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit der Welle in beschichteten und oberflächenmodifizierten Werkstoffen von der Frequenz abhängt. Aus der Messung der Oberflächenwellendispersion kann man auf wichtige Eigenschaften der Randschichten schließen.An drei Beispielen wird demonstriert, dass man mit der Messmethode sehr unterschiedliche Probleme lösen kann. Die Verschleißeigenschaften von diamantähnlichen Kohlenstoffschichten, die nur wenige Nanometer dick sind, konnten bewertet werden. Der Elastizitätsmodul thermischer Spitzschichten, deren Dicke mehrere hundert Mikrometer beträgt, wurde gemessen. Dies erlaubt, die Defektstruktur der Schichten zu bewerten. Die Tiefe von Bearbeitungsrandschichten, die beim Trennen von Halbleiterwerkstoffen entstehen, wurde bestimmt.
Capture and Characterization of a Iron(II) Precursor Complex [FeCl3(Hpipz)(pipz)] for Coordination Polymer Synthesis from a Piperazine Melt
Authors: Schönfeld Fabian , Meyer Larissa Valerie , Winter Florian , Niehaus Oliver , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Pöttgen Rainer , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBy reacting iron(III) chloride with a melt of piperazine, the complex [FeCl3(Hpipz)(pipz)] is formed containing equatorial chloride anions and axial piperazine ligands constituting a trigonal bipyramidal coordination polyhedron. The obtained product is an example for the capture of a precursor complex under melt conditions for the formation of coordination polymers and is thus of limited crystallinity. Characterization was achieved by solution and refinement of the crystal structure by a combination of powder X‐ray diffraction, geometrical optimization methods, 57Fe‐Mößbauer, and IR spectroscopy, magnetic investigations, and elemental analysis. In addition, corroboration by X‐ray single crystal data was used to prove the results from powder diffraction as suitable single crystals were finally achieved by modification of the synthesis with the auxiliary solvent pyridine.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Highly Reduced ­Metalate Ba3[Ir(CN)3]
Authors: Jach Franziska , Höhn Peter , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Ruck Michael , Kniep Rüdiger 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGreenish gray microcrystalline powders of Ba3[Ir(CN)3] were prepared from pressed pellets of mixtures of Ba2N, iridium, NaCN, and graphite at 1020 K under inert conditions. Neutron diffraction data at 293 K revealed the crystal structure of the Ir compound (P63/m (no. 176), a = 9.2277(8) Å, c = 5.7878(6) Å) to be isostructural to Sr3[Co(CN)3] and Ba3[Co(CN)3]. The trigonal‐planar complex [Ir3(CN)3]6– is surrounded by nine Ba2+ ions forming a tricapped trigonal prism. Elongated C–N distances and low vibrational frequencies in the highly reduced iridium complex are similar to those observed in the corresponding cobalt compounds.
Synthesis and X‐ray Structural Characterization of the Polymeric Cluster Compound [Hg3(O2SePh)(SePh)5]n
Authors: Stieler Rafael , Back Davi F. , Tirloni Bárbara , Burrow Robert A. , Lang Ernesto S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTwo synthetic routes to prepare [Hg3(O2SePh)(SePh)5]n and its structural characterization are presented in this paper. This compound results either from the partial oxidation of mercury phenylselenolate clusters or from a mixture of its components with defined stoichiometry. This compound was observed in almost all of our reactions as a by‐product, during the development of the synthesis of new mercury selenolate clusters. It was now characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometry, elemental analysis, and infrared spectroscopy.
Tinospora cordifoliaconsumption ameliorates changes in kidney chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate in diabetic rats
Authors: Joladarashi Darukeshwara , Chilkunda Nandini D. , Salimath Paramahans V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDiabetes is known to alter kidney extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Chondroitin sulphate (CS)/dermatan sulphate (DS), an ECM component, which plays an essential role in kidney is altered during diabetes. The focus of this study has been to examine the effect ofTinospora cordifolia(TC) consumption, a potent plant widely used to treat diabetes, on kidney CS/DS. Experimentally induced diabetic rats were fed with diet containingTCat 2·5 and 5 % levels and the effect of it on kidney CS/DS was examined. The CS/DS content and CS:heparan sulphate ratio which was decreased during diabetic condition were ameliorated inTC-fed groups. Disaccharide composition analysis of CS/DS by HPLC showed that decreases in ‘E’ units and degree of sulphation were modulated in 5 %TC-fed groups. Apparent molecular weight of purified CS/DS from the control rat kidney was found to be 38 kDa which was decreased to 29 kDa in diabetic rat kidney. Rats in 5 %TC-fed groups showed chain length of 38 kDa akin to control rats. Expression of chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase-1, dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase-1 andN-acetylgalactosamine 4 sulphate 6-O-sulfotransferase, enzymes involved in the synthesis of ‘E’ units which was reduced during diabetic condition, was significantly contained in the 5 %TC-fed group. Purified CS/DS from 5 %TC-fed group was able to bind higher amounts of ECM components, namely type IV collagen and laminin, when compared with untreated diabetic rats. The present results demonstrate that consumption of a diet containingTCat the 5 % level modulates changes in kidney CS/DS which were due to diabetes.
Long-term tracking of plasma phospholipid fatty acid concentrations and their correlation with the dietary intake of marine foods in newly diagnosed diabetic patients: results from a follow-up of the HUNT Study, Norway
Authors: Lindberg Morten , Midthjell Kristian , Bjerve Kristian S. 
Published: July 2012

Analysis of long-chainn-3 andn-6 fatty acid (FA) concentrations is used to evaluate their potential health effects in epidemiological studies, and, recently, also to counsel patients with a suboptimal intake ofn-3 FA. Data on the method's ability to track and detect differences within and between individuals in appropriate populations are, however, lacking. The present study provides such data for twenty-nine plasma phospholipid (PL) FA concentrations and indices measured in 214 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients at baseline and after 3 years. 20 : 3n-6 and the 20 : 4n-6:20 : 3n-6 ratio showed the highest tracking coefficients (Spearman'sr0·68), while DHA, EPA and PLN3-index (EPA+DHA) coefficients were 0·60, 0·47 and 0·55, respectively. Fish consumption measured simultaneously with EPA, DHA, sumn-3 and PLN3 index showed Spearman's correlation coefficients of 0·47, 0·44, 0·48 and 0·49, respectively, decreasing to 0·20, 0·19, 0·22 and 0·21 when measured 3 years apart. The within-subject CV of EPA, DHA and PLN3 index were 39·9, 14·3 and 18·0 %, respectively. The corresponding between-subject CV were 33·6, 16·5 and 18·7 %, while the reference change values were 112, 41 and 52 %. In conclusion, PLn-3 FA concentrations showed a significant long-term tracking and were positively correlated with marine food intake. Analytical precision, biological variability, reference change value and the index of individuality of EPA, DHA and PLN3 index are similar to commonly used clinical biomarkers, supporting their validity as dietary markers in clinical and epidemiological work.
THE POLITICS OF ENLIGHTENMENT: FROM PETER GAY TO JONATHAN ISRAEL
Authors: de DIJN ANNELIEN 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTAccording to the textbook version of history, the Enlightenment played a crucial role in the creation of the modern, liberal democracies of the West. Ever since this view – which we might describe as the modernization thesis – was first formulated by Peter Gay, it has been repeatedly criticized as misguided: a myth. Yet, as this paper shows, it continues to survive in postwar historiography, in particular in the Anglophone world. Indeed, Gay's most important and influential successors – historians such as Robert Darnton and Roy Porter – all ended up defending the idea that the Enlightenment was a major force in the creation of modern democratic values and institutions. More recently, Jonathan Israel's trilogy on the Enlightenment has revived the modernization thesis, albeit in a dramatic new form. Yet, even Israel's work, as its critical reception highlights, does not convincingly demonstrate that the Enlightenment, as an intellectual movement, contributed in any meaningful way to the creation of modern political culture. This conclusion raises a new question: if the Enlightenment did not create our modern democracies, then what did it do? In answer to that question, this paper suggests that we should take more seriously the writings of enlightened monarchists like Nicolas-Antoine Boulanger. Studying the Enlightenment might not allow us to understand why democratic political culture came into being. But, as Boulanger's work underscores, it might throw light on an equally important problem: why democracy came so late in the day.
BREAKING BRITANNIA'S BOUNDS? LAW, SETTLERS, AND SPACE IN BRITAIN'S IMPERIAL HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: LAIDLAW ZOË 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTHistorians of the British empire recast their understanding of relations between the metropole and its peripheries in the late twentieth century, notably through the work of the ‘British world’ network and the ‘new imperial historians’. The former emphasized the material, emotional, and financial links between British colonizers across the imperial diaspora; the latter focused on the empire's impact on Britain, particularly in terms of ‘everyday’ experience. This article critically reviews recent interventions, which extend and challenge these approaches by seeking new ways to juxtapose the macro with the micro, and balance the exceptional with the quotidian; by adopting a more transnational (or global) approach to colonialism; and by rethinking the categories of ‘settler’ and ‘colonizer’. Collectively, these works question the traditional frameworks within which both colonialism and the British empire have been understood. In conclusion, the article considers their impact on the vibrant field of Britain's colonial legal history.
The Political Culture of Sugar Tariffs: Immigration, Race, and Empire, 1898–1930
Authors: Merleaux April 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article contends that the chronology of popular and legislative movements for restrictive tariffs and immigration exclusion in the United States ran parallel courses between 1898 and the 1930. Those who spoke for and against such policies did so using the rhetoric of race, labor, and empire. The article analyzes the career of Nevada Senator Francis G. Newlands in order to show how the sugar industry and Asian immigration were intrinsic to debates over imperial policy between 1898 and the First World War. The article then describes policy changes during the First World War. The war set the stage for renewed debates over immigration and the sugar trade in the 1920s as the newly formed Tariff Commission attempted to grapple with an oversupplied world sugar market. Their work ultimately reinforced the old associations among race, labor, and trade policy and did little to improve the global sugar crisis.
Interests of a Legal Nature Justifying Intervention before the ICJ
Authors: BONAFÉ BEATRICE I. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAccording to Article 62 of the ICJ Statute, a third state can be granted permission to intervene before the Court provided ‘that it has an interest of a legal nature which may be affected by the decision in the case’. The interest of a legal nature is a crucial requirement under Article 62 and the scope of intervention largely depends on the definition of such a requirement. In light of the recent case law of the Court, the author explores the different types of legal interest that could justify permitting a third state to intervene before the ICJ.
Evaluation of the vaccination efficacy against H5N1 in domestic poultry in the Red River Delta in Vietnam
Authors: DESVAUX S. , GROSBOIS V. , PHAM T. T. H. , DAO D. T. , NGUYEN T. D. , FENWICK S. , ROGER F. , ELLIS T. , PEYRE M. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThe domestic poultry population in Vietnam has been vaccinated against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 since 2005. Since then, outbreaks have continued to occur without a clear understanding of the mechanisms involved. The general objective of this study was to understand the epidemiology of the disease in the context of vaccination and to draw some conclusions about vaccination efficacy in the domestic poultry population of the Red River Delta area. Five cross-sectional surveys to measure the serological and virological prevalence in vaccinated and unvaccinated poultry were performed from the end of 2008 to June 2010. The global seroprevalence was 24% (95% confidence interval 19·9–28·2). Determinants of vaccine immunogenicity were identified separately in chickens and ducks as well as determinants of the seroconversion in unvaccinated birds. The results highlight the difficulties in maintaining good flock immunity in poultry populations using inactivated vaccine in the field with two vaccination rounds per year, and in preventing circulation of virus in co-existing unvaccinated poultry.
Urban rejection of the vernacular: The SVS undone
Authors: Dodsworth Robin , Kohn Mary 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn Raleigh, North Carolina, a Southern U.S. city, five decades of in-migration of technology-sector workers from outside the South has resulted in large-scale contact between the local Southern dialect and non-Southern dialects. This paper investigates the speed and magnitude of the reversal of the Southern Vowel Shift (SVS) with respect to the five front vowels, using Trudgill's (1998) model of dialect contact as a framework. The data consist of conversational interviews with 59 white-collar Raleigh natives representing three generations, the first generation having reached adulthood before large-scale contact. Acoustic analysis shows that all vowels shift away from their Southern variants across apparent time. The leveling of SVS variants begins within the first generation to grow up after large-scale contact began, and contrary to predictions, this generation does not show wide inter- or intraspeaker variability. Previous studies of dialect contact and new dialect formation suggest that leveling of regional dialect features and the establishment of stable linguistic norms occurs more quickly when children have regular contact with one another. Dialect contact in Raleigh has occurred primarily within the middle and upper classes, the members of which are densely connected by virtue of schools and heavy economic segregation in neighborhood residence.
Smoke stimulates germination in two divergent Gondwanan species (Hibbertiapancheri and Scaevola montana) endemic to the biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia
Authors: Wulff Adrien S. , Turner Shane R. , Fogliani Bruno , L'Huillier Laurent 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDue to shared geological history and proximity, the flora of New Caledonia is closely linked to other Gondwanan land fragments such as Australia and New Zealand. Many predominant Australian groups are well represented within the New Caledonian flora, including the genera Hibbertia (23 species) and Scaevola (10 species). Previous studies have found that these two genera in particular have a marked positive germination response to smoke products, although all previous studies have centred on Australian species from fire-prone environments. In this present study, we test the hypothesis that two New Caledonian species of Hibbertia and Scaevola are smoke responsive even though the climate and ecological drivers in New Caledonia are in many respects fundamentally different from those of most of Australia. Preliminary results showed that germination of Hibbertia pancheri was significantly accelerated in response to smoke water while germination in Scaevola montana was also significantly enhanced. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these trends have been illustrated for any New Caledonian species and these results will enhance restoration efforts of ultramafic scrublands impacted by mining activities in New Caledonia.