bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erratum: External rostral characters for differentiation of sexes in the biological control agent Mecinus janthinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Schat Marjolein , Sing Sharlene E. , Peterson Robert K.D. 
Published: April 2009

RésuméLe charançon perceur de tiges, Mecinus janthinus (Germar), est un agent de lutte biologique classique bien établi et prometteur pour le contrôle d'une mauvaise herbe exotique invasive, la linaire à feuilles larges (Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill.) (Scrophulariaceae). Dans cet article, nous présentons des caractéristiques du rostre faciles à identifier, permettant la différenciation, à faible grossissement, des sexes de charançons perceurs de tiges vivants. Ces caractéristiques peuvent être utilisées par des travailleurs possédant une formation minimale afin d'identifier correctement le sexe des charançons. Ceci permettra donc une détermination rapide de la proportion des sexes des populations sur le terrain, améliorant ainsi les délais de capture, puis de lâchers.
Effects of experimental harvesting on spider (Araneae) assemblages in boreal deciduous forests
Authors: Buddle Christopher M. , Shorthouse David P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo large-scale forestry experiments, in Quebec (Sylviculture et aménagement forestiers écosystémique (SAFE)) and Alberta (Ecosystem Management by Emulating Natural Disturbance (EMEND)), were established in the late 1990s to test the effects of alternative silvicultural strategies (e.g., partial cutting) on biodiversity in northern boreal forests. We collected spiders in pitfall traps 2 years after the application of partial-cutting treatments in deciduous stands at EMEND and 6 years after similar treatments in deciduous stands at SAFE. Although we are aware of the challenges imposed by disparate locations and whole-scale experimental methods, our objective was to compare the effects of partial cutting on spider assemblages (diversity and community composition), and in doing so, to formulate a few general statements. Overall, 98 species (6107 individuals) were collected from Alberta and 86 species (3414 individuals) from Quebec. Of these, 44 species were common to both regions. Ordination and indicator-species analyses revealed a distinct effect of geographic separation: the spider assemblages in deciduous stands within the boreal plains ecoregion of Alberta and the boreal shield in Quebec were distinct. However, the effects of partial cutting on spider assemblages within each project were similar: removal of 25%–33% of trees shifted a characteristic old-growth fauna toward one more typical of clearcuts. Indicator-species analysis also revealed the dominance of wolf spider (Lycosidae) species in clearcuts within both experiments and we present evidence that clear-cutting homogenizes spider assemblages. Old-growth forests contain spider faunas that are easily disrupted by moderate partial cutting. In the face of intense harvesting practices, managing for the maintenance of biodiversity and conservation of spider faunas in northern forests will require retention of old-growth forests.
Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in northern Nearctic forests
Authors: Pohl Greg , Langor David , Klimaszewski Jan , Work Timothy , Paquin Pierre 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRove beetles are useful subjects for Nearctic forest biodiversity work because they are abundant, diverse, and easily collected, and have strong habitat affinities. Excellent identification keys exist for most groups, although there is a dearth of ecological and life-history information. There is considerable variation in species composition and abundance within the active summer season and in abundance from year to year. Community composition varies among larger geographical regions and to a lesser extent among forest types in more localized areas. Within the Nearctic boreal forest there are significant differences between beetle communities from the eastern and western portions. For the most part, the same species tend to dominate rove beetle communities in the western boreal forest. At the landscape level there are differences in rove beetle communities along successional gradients. In the boreal forest the communities of younger aspen-dominated and older conifer-dominated stands are somewhat distinct, with intermediate-aged stands containing a mix of the two communities. At the ecosite and microsite level there is significant variation, which remains poorly understood. Fire is the dominant mode of disturbance in the Nearctic boreal forest. It has a profound effect on rove beetles by destroying the forest communities and resetting the successional trajectory to the earliest stages. The burn pattern results in a patchwork of different communities at various stages in the successional cycle. In contrast to fire, forest harvesting does not directly destroy the rove beetle community, but to a large extent it destroys the forest habitat. This results in a unique rove beetle community characterized by a mix of forest species and open-ground specialists, and overall high diversity in this period of flux. In the years after harvesting, the rove beetle community goes through successional changes and becomes more similar to the forest community, but it skips the early postfire stage and proceeds along the successional trajectory more rapidly than after fire. In at least one forest type in western Canada, the post-fire and post-harvest communities, though similar, have not converged after 29 years. Other less direct effects of harvesting on rove beetles are a decrease in the proportion of the land base suitable for communities associated with older successional stages; alteration of forests by post-harvest site preparations and planting of exotic tree species; edge and fragmentation effects that are detrimental to the remaining forest surrounding harvested areas; and an influx of exotic arthropod species with affinities for disturbed sites. More information is needed on the habitat affinities of individual species. It is recommended that future work explore the effects of post-harvest forestry activities, fragmentation, and edges on rove beetles in forested habitats. As well, such studies should consider the effects on beetles of riparian zones and wetlands.
Conservation of forest-dwelling arthropod species: simultaneous management of many small and heterogeneous risks
Authors: Spence John R. , Langor David W. , Jacobs Joshua M. , Work Timothy T. , Volney W. Jan A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Canadian insect fauna is too inadequately understood to support well-informed assessments about its conservation status; however, the foregoing collection of synthetic papers illustrates potential threats from industrial forestry. Loss of forest species and dramatic changes in forest insect assemblages driven by forestry activities are well illustrated by studies from places where industrial forest management has been more intensive or of longer duration. Improved understanding of how arthropod species are coupled to habitats, especially microhabitats, appears to be central to progress toward their conservation. Studies of arthropods conducted at the species level are most relevant for applied conservation purposes, because only species-level work that is well documented with voucher specimens provides adequate comparative data to document faunal change. Although taxonomic infrastructure required to support such work is seriously under-resourced in Canada, entomologists can help themselves by producing useful modern resources for species identification, by undertaking collaborative biodiversity work that minimizes the split between taxonomists and ecologists, and by supporting incentives for work at the species level. Securing the future of arthropod diversity in Canadian forests through effective policy will require sound regionally defined bases for whole-fauna conservation that mesh with broader land-use planning. Building these will require a practical understanding of how “ecosite”-classification systems relate to arthropod diversity, accurate inventories of the predisturbance forest fauna in all regions, and development of sound monitoring plans designed to both detect faunal change efficiently and identify its drivers. Such monitoring plans should include both baseline inventories and monitoring of designated control areas. In addition, effective biomonitoring efforts will facilitate the development of suites of arthropod indicators, accommodate both seasonal (especially phenological) and annual variation, clarify the relationship between cost-effective samples and reality, and ensure adequate consideration of “rare” species. Return on investment in monitoring will depend on effective preplanned linkage to policy development that can respond to drivers of faunal change in a way that effectively addresses undesired changes.
Structure and conservation of lepidopteran communities in managed forests of northeastern North America: a review
Authors: Summerville Keith S. , Crist Thomas O. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe review the existing literature on patterns of moth (Lepidoptera) species richness and community composition in northeastern Nearctic forest ecosystems across hierarchical scales ranging from individual trees to entire managed ecoregions. Moths are species-rich in northeastern forests of North America, with the most diverse families being Noctuidae and Geometridae. Individual trees and forest stands, however, are often dominated by few species. Climate, stand age, disturbance regime, and landscape heterogeneity are significant predictors of abundance of dominant species. Most other moth species in the regional pool are patchily distributed and appear to occur regularly at very low abundance. Moth communities respond predictably to forest-management practices, and the outcomes of postmanagement response are largely driven by changes in the plant community. Significant reductions in moth species richness and changes in community composition are correlated with clear-cut harvesting, whereas selective logging appears to cause more moderate changes in moth community structure. Broad-scale effects of forest fragmentation on moth communities in unglaciated regions are best described by species replacement rather than species loss; moth species richness decreases slightly across a gradient of fragment sizes, but shifts in moth community composition are more important, especially in the relative importance of herbaceous-plant-feeding species in large and small fragments. Species that appear to be most sensitive to timber management or habitat loss are dietary specialists as larvae, dispersal-limited as adults, or dependent on commercially valuable tree species such as oaks,QuercusL. (Fagaceae). Restored forest stands tend to converge in terms of lepidopteran species dominance and diversity among stands, suggesting that the long-term consequences of timber management or habitat loss include a significant reduction of regional β-diversity. Finally, future research on forest Lepidoptera should include an emphasis on understanding the role of urban woodland habitat in retaining viable and diverse moth communities and how the spatial pattern of timber harvest affects the relative magnitude of α- and β-diversity components within a given ecoregion.
Evaluation of carabid beetles as indicators of forest change in Canada
Authors: Work Timothy T. , Koivula Matti , Klimaszewski Jan , Langor David , Spence John , Sweeney Jon , Hébert Christian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOur objective was to assess the potential of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as effective bioindicators of the effects of forest management at a Canadian national scale. We present a comparison of carabid beetle assemblages reported from large-scale studies across Canada. Based on the initial response following disturbance treatment, we found that carabid assemblages consistently responded to disturbance, but responses of individual species and changes in species composition were nested within the context of regional geography and finer scale differences among forest ecosystems. We also explored the relationship between rare and dominant taxa and species characteristics as they relate to dispersal capacity and use of within-stand habitat features such as coarse woody debris. We found no relationship between life-history characteristics (such as body size, wing morphology, or reported associations with downed wood) and the relative abundance or frequency of occurrence of species. Our results suggest that carabids are better suited to finer scale evaluations of the effects of forest management than to regional or national monitoring programs. We also discuss several knowledge gaps that currently limit the full potential of using carabids as bioindicators.
Winged morph of the high arctic aphid Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum (Hemiptera: Aphididae): abundance, reproductive status, and ecological significance
Authors: Simon J.-C. , Bonhomme J. , Blackman R.L. , Hullé M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe aphid Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum Heikinheimo, which is endemic to Svalbard and feeds exclusively on eightpetal mountain-avens, Dryas octopetala L. (Rosaceae), has developed a series of adaptive traits to cope with the harsh conditions of the High Arctic. Prior to this study, only a single specimen of the winged morph of A. svalbardicum had been found, suggesting extremely low dispersal potential. In 2006 we collected many winged females in several places at Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen. Although winged individuals were generally found in high-density populations, no significant relationship existed between aphid abundance and wing development. We discuss whether this sudden increase in winged-morph production by A. svalbardicum is related to a warmer than usual summer in Svalbard.
Chaoborus sampseran. sp., a new chaoborid (Diptera: Culicomorpha: Chaoboridae) from Papua Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ogawa Joshua R. , Judd Darlene D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA new species,Chaoborus sampsera,is described from male and female adults collected from Papua Province in western New Guinea, Indonesia. Based on leg banding, wing pigmentation, and possession of a median paramere sclerite in males, the new species belongs to theChaoborus“pallidus” group of Colless.Chaoborus sampserais distinguished from other species of the “pallidus” group by the scimitar-shaped parameres. Although relationships among theseChaoborusspecies are unclear, there are morphological characters that support the “pallidus” group.
Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of a QM homologue in the ant Polyrhachis vicina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Lü Shumin , Xi Gengsi , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: April 2009

AbstractQM, a tumor-suppressor gene, plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this report, a homologue of human QM was isolated from the ant Polyrhachis vicina Roger. The full-length cDNA of P. vicina QM (PvQM) is 827 base pairs (bp) and contains a 5′-untranslated region of 91 bp and a 3′-untranslated region of 77 bp. The open reading frame of PvQM encodes a deduced 219-amino acid peptide with a predicted molecular mass of 25.1 kilodaltons. The results of sequence alignments indicate that the PvQM protein shares an overall identity of 76.7%–98.2% with other known QM homologues, and is most closely related to that of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction was performed to compare PvQM mRNA expression during P. vicina development and within different castes. The data revealed that PvQM mRNA is differentially expressed during P. vicina development, with the highest expression level in embryos and the lowest in late-instar larvae and pupae. The levels of PvQM transcripts also vary among castes, with higher levels in workers and lower levels in both males and females. These results suggest that PvQM is developmentally and caste-specifically regulated at the level of transcription.
Slow or stepped rewarming after acute low-temperature exposure does not improve survival ofDrosophila melanogasterlarvae
Authors: Sinclair Brent J. , Rajamohan Arun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that slow rewarming would improve the ability ofDrosophila melanogasterMeigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) larvae to survive acute low-temperature exposure. Four larval stages (1st, 2nd, and 3rd instars, including wandering-stage 3rd instars) of four wild-type strains were exposed to –7 °C for periods of time expected to result in 90% mortality. Larvae were then directly transferred to their rearing temperature (21 °C) or returned to this temperature either in a stepwise fashion (pausing at 0 and 15 °C) or by slow warming at 1 or 0.1 °C/min. We observed a reduced rapid cold-hardening effect and no general increase in survival of acute chilling in larvae rewarmed in a stepwise or slow fashion, and we hypothesize that slow rewarming may result in accumulation of chill injuries.
Potential of bigleaf lupine for building and sustainingOsmia lignariapopulations for pollination of apple
Authors: Sheffield Cory S. , Westby Sue M. , Smith Robert F. , Kevan Peter G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBees of the genusOsmiaPanzer (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) are among the contenders to replace honey bees,Apis melliferaL. (Apidae), for pollinating tree-fruit crops. One species,Osmia lignariaSay, has shown great potential in western North America and was recently introduced into Nova Scotia for evaluation as a pollinator of apple,MalusMill. (Rosaceae). A major component of that study was to develop management options forO. lignaria, including methods of sustaining nesting females following crop flowering to maximize population recovery for pollination in subsequent seasons. The objective of this study was to evaluate bigleaf lupine,Lupinus polyphyllusLindl. (Fabaceae), as a secondary food plant for nesting femaleO. lignariaby investigating nesting activity, pollen-use patterns, and fecundity. During 2002–2003, femaleO. lignariacollected high proportions of apple pollen (>70%) during mid and late flowering; after then, most pollen (>90%) was collected from bigleaf lupine. The flowering period of lupine in Nova Scotia (late May to early July) slightly overlapped that of apple, so there was no scarcity of pollen resources during the life-span ofO. lignaria. Most nests typically showed high levels (≤200%) of population growth, but recorded levels varied among nest types and locations. In 2004, nests closer to lupine plots exhibited significantly greater population recovery than nests located farther away (i.e., approximately 600 m). Bigleaf lupine is a suitable plant species for meeting the pollen requirements of nesting populations ofO. lignariafollowing apple flowering, thus promoting the recovery of populations to meet apple pollination requirements in subsequent seasons.
Ecological applications of pheromone trapping ofMalacosoma disstriaandChoristoneura conflictana
Authors: Jones Brad C. , Evenden Maya L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe forest tent caterpillar,Malacosoma disstriaHübner (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), and large aspen tortrix,Choristoneura conflictana(Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), are important pests of trembling aspen,Populus tremuloidesMichx. (Salicaceae), in western Canada. Populations of both species can be monitored with sex pheromone-baited traps as part of an integrated pest management program. Moths captured in pheromone traps can also be used for ecological studies. Captured males of each species were examined to test the effect of population density, geographic region, and collection date on moth quality. Moth quality was assessed on the basis of wing area and level of infection with microsporidian parasites. The level of microsporidian infection ofM. disstriawas strongly dependent on geographic region but not on population density. MaleM. disstriafrom high-density populations had smaller wings than males from endemic populations. Wing area of maleM. disstriadecreased throughout the flight period. Neither collection date nor microsporidian infection level affected wing area of maleC. conflictana.Collection date also did not affect the level of microsporidian infection ofC. conflictana. These data support pheromone trapping as a tool to detect microsporidian infections and examine their temporal and density-dependent effects on wing size inM. disstriaandC. conflictanapopulations.
Systematics and ecology of Anachipteria geminus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida: Achipteriidae) from arboreal lichens in western North America
Authors: Lindo Zoë , Clayton Marilyn , Behan-Pelletier Valerie M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe present the systematics and ecology of a new species of arboreal oribatid mite in the family Achipteriidae, Anachipteria geminussp. nov., a dominant arthropod in canopy lichens associated with western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. (Pinaceae)) and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes (Pinaceae)) in the coniferous temperate and montane forests of the Pacific Northwest of North America. The species is described on the basis of the morphology of all active instars plus molecular sequence data for the D3 region of the 28s rRNA (D3-28s) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) genes. Anachipteria geminus is the dominant oribatid mite in foliose lichens in the upper canopies of Pacific montane conifer trees. Specimens were found in 100% of canopy lichens sampled, and abundances can reach 1450 individuals / 100 g dry mass of lichen. Analysis of the population structure indicates that A. geminus has seasonally stable populations consistent with overlapping generations. Anachipteria geminus expresses morphological character states that require expanding the diagnoses of the genus Anachipteria and the family Achipteriidae. A revised diagnosis and morphological key to species of Anachipteria in Canada are given.
Comparison of adult emergence of wheat stem sawfly from material overwintered in the field and the laboratory
Authors: Delaney Kevin J. , Perez-Mendoza Joel , Weaver David K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe examined whether collection time (pre-winter vs. post-winter) influenced adult and female emergence success and body mass of wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), from four Montana populations in 2005-2006. Adult emergence was generally higher from post-harvest material in post-winter collections but varied widely among populations. No significant effect of collection time on male-biased adult emergence from post-harvest residue collected near Conrad (37% vs. 31%) was detected, although adult emergence was greater for post-winter collection than for pre-winter collections from sites near Havre (90% vs. 81%), near Amsterdam (88% vs. 41%), and near Loring (67% vs. 0%); these three populations had a bias towards adult females that exceeded 2:1. Adult body mass was greater for post-winter-collected males (30% higher) and females (15%) only from near Amsterdam. Diapausing C. cinctus larvae overwintering under field conditions had better adult emergence, and spring collection is recommended in order to minimize time allocated to acquiring C. cinctus populations for research.