bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and Hormonal Changes Associated with Experimental Infection of Chicks with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
Authors: Al‐Afaleq A. I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe inoculation of chicks with the infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus manifested typical clinical signs indicative of IBD viral infection. The inoculated birds seroconverted and showed significantly decreased total protein, lipid and a decrease in the albumin to globulin ratio. A significant increase was seen in the concentration of corticosterone and thyroxine but not in the triiodothyronine level.
A Case Control Study of Potential Enteric Pathogens for Calves Raised in Cow‐calf Herds
Authors: Busato A. , Lentze T. , Hofer D. , Burnens A. , Hentrich B. , Gaillard C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA matched case control study was performed to describe the epidemiological features of potential enteric pathogens for calves reared in 53 cow‐calf herds located in western Switzerland. A total of 106 diarrhoeic calves and 126 healthy control calves were collected, all calves were less than 4 months old. Faecal samples were analysed for presence of infectious agents related to calf diarrhoea including enterotoxigenicE. coli, Verotoxin producingE. coli(VTEC),Campylobactersp.,Yersiniasp.,Salmonellasp., rotavirus, coronavirus, helminths and coccidian protozoa. Multivariate logistic models were used to analyse the relationship between presence of infection and onset of diarrhoea. The study provided evidence of significant associations between diarrhoea and infection with rotavirus,Campylobacter coliand the presence of Verotoxin in faecal samples. With the exception ofCryptosporidium parvumintestinal parasites including Strongylidae andEimeriasp. were found to be less prevalent in cases than in controls. Control calves were significantly more frequently infected withStrongyloides papillosusthan case animals.
Apoptosis of Lymphocytes in Mice Administered Lipopolysaccharide from Leptospira interrogans
Authors: Isogai E. , Isogai H. , Kubota T. , Fujii N. , Hayashi S. , Indoh T. , Takagi S. , Miura H. , Kimura K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWe report that administration of leptospiral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice results in massive surface marker changes in the lymphocytes of the spleen. It appears that many of these changes relate to the large number of cells undergoing apoptosis. It is also shown that tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) induces similar effects and is produced in large quantities after injection of leptospiral LPS. It is likely that cytokines such as TNF‐α are involved in apoptosis.
Decreased Growth ofStreptococcus uberisin Milk from Mammary Glands of Cows Challenged with the Same Mastitis Pathogen
Authors: Fang W. , Luther D. A. , Almeida R. A. , Oliver S. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMilk samples from mammary glands challenged withStreptococcus uberisand from unchallenged mammary glands were selected for analyses of bacterial growth, antibody response, and lactoperoxidase activity. All challenged mammary glands became infected with isolation ofS. uberisand elevated somatic cell counts in milk during the first week after challenge. In vitro growth of the homologous challenge strain and a heterologous strain ofS. uberiswas significantly lower in milk from challenged mammary glands than in milk from control mammary glands at 3, 5, and 7 days after challenge. Removal of casein significantly reduced bacterial growth. In general, antibodies specific toS. uberisstarted to increase at day 3 post‐challenge and were higher in milk from challenged mammary glands than in milk from control mammary glands. There was also a marked increase in total IgG in milk from challenged mammary glands. Growth ofS. uberisincreased following heat treatment at 56 °C of pooled milk or whey samples from challenged mammary glands. Growth ofS. uberiscorrelated negatively with the specific antibody response to the bacteria (P < 0.001). Lactoperoxidase activity varied among cows and among different samples over time and did not appear to contribute to decreased growth ofS. uberis.These results suggest that decreased growth ofS. uberisin milk from challenged mammary glands in comparison to milk from control mammary glands could result from the interaction of antibodies with complement components.
Modelluntersuchungen zur Impedanzwirksamkeit Lebensmittelhygienisch Relevanter Bakterienatten
Authors: Schulenburg J. , Bergann T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryModel Investigations of Impedance Effectiveness Concerning Bacteria with Relevance to Food HygieneThe impedance technique mostly meets today's requirements of microbiological rapid methods. At relatively high prime cost for the equipment the advantages are marked by low personnel and material costs as well as swiftness combined with highly flexible usage. The method is applicable for both quantitative and qualitative examinations but can fail occasionally in total count determination, especially if the sample material contains heterogeneous microbes. In model investigations with 53 strains of 17 different genera Enterobacteriaceae strains, Aeromonads and Enterococcus strains proved to be highly impedance effective. Lactobacillus strains and Pseudomonads as well as Staphylococcus aureus strains showed a low impedance effectiveness. Several strains, for example of the genera Micrococcus, Acinetobacter and Brochothrix, did not show any changes of the medium impedance under the chosen conditions. Criterion for characterization of impedance effectiveness was the impedance detection time starting with identical initial counts (103 cfu/ml). Impedance effectiveness of microbes was determined at highly varying degree by the parameters of generation time, lag‐phase duration and relative activity. This can lead either to wrong negative (underestimations) or wrong positive (overestimations) results of bacterial count.ZusammenfassungDie Impedanztechnik wird aktuellen Anforderungen an mikrobiologische Schnellmethoden weitgehend gerecht. Bei relativ hohen Anschaffungskosten für das Gerätesystem bestechen geringer Personal‐ und Materialaufwand sowie die Schnelligkeit der Untersuchung bei großer Variabilität in der Anwendung. Die Technik ist für qualitative und quantitative Fragestellungen gleichermaßen anwendbar, sie versagt aber zuweilen bei der Gesamtkeimzahlbestimmung, wenn Probenmaterial mikrobiell sehr heterogen beschaffen ist. In Modelluntersuchungen mit insgesamt 53 Bakterienstämmen 17 verschiedener Genera erwiesen sich Enterobacteriaceae‐Stämme, Aeromonaden und Enterokokken als stark impedanzwirksam. Laktobazillen, Pseudomonaden sowie Staphylococcus aureus‐Stämme waren dagegen von nur mäßiger Aktivität. Verschiedene Stämme zeigten unter den gewählten Versuchsbedingungen keine Veränderung der Medienimpedanz, etwa Stämme der Gattungen Micrococcus und Acinetobacter sowie Brochothrix thermosphacta. Kriterium für die Charakterisierung der Impedanzwirksamkeit war die Impedanz‐Detektionszeit bei einheitlichen Ausgangszahlen (103 KbE/ml). Die Parameter—Generationszeit, Dauer der lag‐Phase und Relative Aktivität—prägten die Impedanzwirksamkeit der Genera und Spezies in sehr unterschiedlichem Maße. Dies kann insgesamt bei Keimzahlbestimmungen zu falsch negativen (Unterschäzungen) oder auch falsch positiven (Überschätzungen) Ergebnissen führen.
Properties of Serological Group B Streptococci of Dog, Cat and Monkey Origin
Authors: Lämmler C. , Abdulmawjood A. , Weiß R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study was designed to identify and characterize furtherStreptococcus agalactiaeisolated during routine diagnostics from three diseased dogs and a cat, as well as from the inner organs of a monkey which died on a sepsis with β‐haemolytic streptococci. The cultures could be identified as streptococci of serological group B by cultural, biochemical and serological properties and by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐amplified 16S ribosomal DNA. A further characterization of the isolates by serotyping and by determination of antibiotic resistances revealed a close relationship of these isolates to the human biotype of this species.
Haemonchus contortus: Characterization and Purification of Excretory/Secretory Protease(s)
Authors: Kocher D. K. , Ahuja S. P. , Sood M. L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe activity of protease(s) has been examined separately in excretory/secretory (E/S) products from male and female Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae). The E/S proteolytic activity indicated the presence of preabsorptive digestion of host blood and/or tissues. Protease activity was optimum at 37 °C, pH 8.5 and 8.0 mg casein. These protease(s) were purified to 32.16‐ and 88.80‐folds from male and female E/S products, respectively, by sequential purification with saturated ammonium sulphate followed by ion‐exchange chromatography. The purification study revealed the presence of isomeric forms of protease(s) in the E/S products of H. contortus.
Erysipelothrix Septicaemia in Neonatal Lambs
Authors: Rad M. , Seifi H. A. , Movassaghi A. R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (insidiosa) is the well‐known causative agent of erysipelas septicaemia in swine (Radostits et al., 1994). Erysipelothrix infection also occurs in sheep. The most common manifestation in sheep is polyarthritis and lameness (Jubb et al., 1985; Giles, 1981). Other reported forms of the infection are valvular endocarditis (MacLachlan, 1978), abortion (Schmitz and Sonn, 1984), pneumonia in adult sheep, septicaemia with pulmonary abscessation in adult ewes (Griffiths et al., 1991), septicaemia with diarrhoea, and arthritis, meningitis (Nicolas et al., 1980) and cutaneous infections (Griffiths et al., 1991). An unusual form of erysipelas infection in sheep was reported as localized multiple abscesses in spleen (Afnan and Tadjbackche, 1974). This report describes the occurrence of erysipelas septicaemia in neonatal lambs.
Subtyping of Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis Isolated from Bovine Mammary Secretions by DNA Fingerprinting
Authors: Gillespie B. E. , Jayarao B. M. , Pankey J. W. , Oliver S. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryStreptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis isolated from mammary secretions of cows from Tennessee and New Zealand were subtyped using polymerase chain reaction‐based DNA fingerprinting. Such DNA fingerprinting using primer 8.6d (5′‐GTAACGCC3′) resulted in categorizing 116 S. dysgalactiae isolates into 25 different subtypes, with 17 subtypes observed in isolates from Tennessee and eight in isolates from New Zealand. All S. dysgalactiae DNA fingerprint profiles, regardless of origin, contained 700‐ and 330‐base pair fragments. The majority of S. dysgalactiae isolates (73%) from Tennessee belonged to two subtypes. The remaining 23 isolates belonged to 15 different DNA fingerprint subtypes. Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolates from New Zealand (n = 32) were grouped into eight different subtypes; 66% belonged to two subtypes. A characteristic feature of S. dysgalactiae isolates from New Zealand was the presence of a 270‐base pair DNA fragment seen infrequently in S. dysgalactiae isolates from Tennessee. When primer OPE‐4 (5′‐GTGACATGCC‐3′) was used, DNA fingerprinting differentiated S. uberis from Tennessee (n = 28) and New Zealand (n = 30) into 20 subtypes; 14 subtypes were observed in isolates from Tennessee, and six in isolates from New Zealand. All S. uberis DNA fingerprint profiles, regardless of origin, contained 1100‐, 640‐, and 450‐base pair fragments. A characteristic feature of S. uberis isolates from New Zealand was the presence of a 300‐base pair DNA fragment seen infrequently in S. uberis isolates from Tennessee. The most common subtypes of S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis from Tennessee herds were isolated in milk from lactating cows during monthly herd surveys, in milk from cows with clinical mastitis, and in mammary secretions from cows during the periparturient period, and thus were not confined to one particular stage of lactation. These data suggest that S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis from New Zealand are distinct from those isolated from the USA, and that DNA fingerprinting can be used as an epidemiological tool to differentiate streptococci and identify important sources of these mastitis pathogens on dairy farms.
Age‐Related Plasma Chemistry Findings in the Buff‐Crested Bustard (Eupodotis ruficrista gindiana)
Authors: Bailey T. A. , Wernery H. , Howlett J. , Naldo J. , Samour J. H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBlood samples were obtained from adult (> 1.5 years) and juvenile (2–8 weeks, 9–16 weeks and 17–24 weeks) captive buff‐crested bustards (Eupodotis ruficrista gindiana) to study age‐related changes. A total of twelve different tests were conducted using a Hitachi 90011 wet chemistry analyzer. A comparison of the values obtained was made between adult and juvenile buff‐crested bustards and from the literature with other bustard species. Significant differences between adult and juvenile buff‐crested bustards were found for glucose, uric acid, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate amino transferase and calcium. The results obtained from this study provide blood chemistry values for this species and demonstrate age‐related differences between adult and juvenile birds.
Late Mesozoic subduction‐induced hydrothermal gold deposits along the eastern Asian and northern Californian margins: Oceanic versus continental lithospheric underflow
Authors: Ernst Wallace Gary 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDuring late Mesozoic subduction of paleo‐Pacific lithospheric plates, numerous gold vein deposits formed in the Dabie–Sulu Belt of east‐central China plus its east‐Asian extensions, and in the Klamath Mountains plus Sierran Foothills of northern California. In eastern Asia, earlier transpression and continental collision at about 305–210 Ma generated a high pressure–ultrahigh pressure orogen, but failed to produce widespread intermediate to felsic magmatism or abundant hydrothermal gold deposits. Similarly in northern California, strike‐slip ± minor transtension–transpression over the interval of about 380–160 Ma resulted in the episodic stranding of oceanic terranes, but generated few granitoid magmas or Au ore bodies. However, for both continental margin realms, nearly head‐on Cretaceous destruction of oceanic lithosphere involved sustained underflow; reaching magmagenic depths of about 100 km, the descending mafic‐ultramafic plates dewatered, producing voluminous calc‐alkaline arc magmas. Ascent of these plutons into the middle and upper crust released CO2 ± S‐bearing aqueous fluids and/or devolatilized the contact‐metamorphosed wall rocks. Such hydrothermal fluids transported gold along fractures and fault zones, precipitating it locally in response to cooling, fluid mixing, and/or reactions with wall rocks of contrasting compositions (e.g. serpentinite, marble). In contrast, where sialic crust was subducted to depths of about 100 km, only minor production of granitoid melts occurred, and few major coeval Au vein deposits formed. The mobilization of precious metal‐bearing fluids in continental margin and island arc environments apparently requires long‐continued, nearly orthogonal descent of oceanic, not continental, lithosphere.
Monitoring 6‐thioguanine nucleotide concentrations in Japanese children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Ohtsuka Yoshikazu , Arai Katsuhiro , Aoyagi Yo , Fujii Tohru , Yamakawa Yoko , Ohtani Kiyotaka , Ikuse Tamaki , Baba Yosuke , Inage Eisuke , Kudo Takahiro , Suzuki Ryuyo , Nagata Satoru , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  6‐Mercaptopurine (6‐MP) and azathioprine (AZA) are widely used as maintenance therapy in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, proper 6‐thioguanine nucleotide (6‐TGN) concentrations in Japanese children with IBD have not been reported.Methods:  This retrospective review examines 32 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 19 Crohn's disease (CD) patients (12.87 ± 3.56 years) who required 6‐MP or AZA to maintain disease remission. All patients were treated with 6‐MP or AZA for at least 3 weeks prior to this study in addition to previous treatment. 6‐MP dose, 6‐TGN levels, assayed by high‐performance liquid chromatography, as well as laboratory data were evaluated.Results:  Thirty‐five children were successfully kept in remission with 6‐MP and AZA therapy after weaning off corticosteroids. Overall, 123 measurements (59 active disease, 64 in remission) were analyzed. The mean 6‐TGN concentration of the entire study population was 499.61 ± 249.35 pmol/8 × 108 red blood cell. The mean 6‐MP dose in patients with active disease (0.910 ± 0.326 mg/kg per day) was significantly higher than for patients in remission (0.749 ± 0.225) (P = 0.0016). A significant inverse correlation was found between white blood cell counts and 6‐TGN concentrations (r = 0.275, P < 0.002). Two patients experienced leukopenia with alopecia, and four transiently experienced increased serum levels of pancreatic enzymes, although no thiopurine S‐methyl transferase mutations were confirmed.Conclusion:  The doses of 6‐MP or AZA needed to maintain remission in Japanese children with IBD are lower than those reported in Western countries. However, 6‐TGN concentrations in this population are higher than previously reported.
Parity, age at first birth, and risk of death from liver cancer: Evidence from a cohort in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Chen‐Hsuan , Chan Te‐Fu , ChangChien Chan‐Chao , Yang Chun‐Yuh 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The present study was undertaken to examine whether there is an association between parity and age at first birth and risk of liver cancer.Methods:  The study cohort consisted of 1 292 462 women who had a first and singleton childbirth between 1 January 1978 and 31 December 1987. We tracked each woman from the time of their first childbirth to 31 December 2007, and their vital status was ascertained by linking records with the computerized mortality database. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the relative risks (RR) of death from liver cancer associated with parity and age at first birth.Results:  There were 826 liver cancer deaths during 32 464 186.58 person‐years of follow‐up. The mortality rate of liver cancer was 2.54 cases per 100 000 person‐years. The adjusted RR was 1.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36–1.86) for women who gave birth between 26 and 30, 2.41 (95% CI = 1.81–3.20) for women who gave birth between 31 and 35, and 6.26 (95% CI = 4.27–9.19) for women who gave birth after 35 years of age, respectively, when compared with women who gave birth at less than 25 years of age. The adjusted RR was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.59–0.87) for women who had two to three children, and 0.63 (95% CI = 0.47–0.84) for women with four or more births, respectively, when compared with women who had given birth to only one child.Conclusions:  The present study suggests that reproductive factors (parity and early age at first birth) may confer a protective effect on the risk of liver cancer.
No evidence of the unfolded protein response in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: McPherson Stuart , Powell Elizabeth E , Barrie Helen D. , Clouston Andrew D , McGuckin Michael , Jonsson Julie R 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) in experimental models. The role of the UPR in the pathogenesis of HCV‐induced liver injury has not been determined. Our aim was to investigate the role of the UPR in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV.Methods:  Liver biopsy samples from 124 patients with chronic HCV and 24 HCV/HBV‐negative subjects with histologically normal liver (NDL) were assessed. The hepatic mRNA expression of components of the UPR was measured by semi‐quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Glucose regulated protein (GRP) 78 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry.Results:  The expression of GRP78 mRNA and growth arrest and damage inducible protein 34 (GADD34) mRNA was significantly lower in subjects with HCV than NDL (P = 0.007 and P < 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in the expression of GRP94 mRNA, spliced X box binding protein 1 (sXBP1) mRNA, C/EBP homologous protein mRNA (CHOP) and ER degradation enhancing α‐mannosidase‐like protein (EDEM) mRNA and GRP78 protein between patients with HCV and NDL. There were no relationships between elements of the UPR and inflammation or fibrosis in patients with HCV.Conclusion:  Downstream components of UPR were not activated in patients with chronic HCV. Therefore, the UPR may not play a prominent role in liver injury in patients with chronic HCV infection.
Large‐scale population analysis reveals an extremely low threshold for “non‐healthy” alanine aminotransferase that predicts diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shlomai Amir , Kariv Revital , Leshno Moshe , Beth‐or Anat , Sheinberg Bracha , Halpern Zamir 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is commonly used to detect liver damage. Recent studies indicate that ALT levels at the upper range of normal limits are predictors of adverse outcomes, especially diabetes mellitus (DM) and the metabolic syndrome. The aim of our study was to define the ALT threshold for both men and women that may predict the onset of DM.Methods:  We analyzed a large Health Maintenance Organization cohort of 157 308 healthy subjects with no evidence of liver disease and with baseline ALT levels ≤ 120 U/L, and identified those who developed DM within 6 years.Results:  Overall, an elevated baseline serum ALT value was significantly associated with the development of DM, with an odds ratio of 3.3 when comparing the higher and the lower quartiles of the whole study population. A subgroup analysis revealed that baseline ALT values higher than 10 U/L among women and 22 U/L among men were already significantly associated with an increased risk for DM for any increment in ALT level. Notably, ALT values higher than ∼55 U/L were associated with increased risk for DM that was relatively constant for any increment in ALT. Higher baseline ALT levels were stronger predictors for DM as compared with age, triglycerides and cholesterol levels.Conclusion:  Our study implies that ALT values higher than 10 U/L and 22 U/L for women and men, respectively, may predict DM. We suggest redefining ALT values as either ‘normal’ or ‘healthy’, with the later reflecting much lower values, above which an individual is at increased risk for DM.