bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comment utiliser les communications et les discussions pour faciliter les changements organisationnels ?
Authors: Anderson Donald L. 
Published: February 2011

Résumé Cet article vise à aider les gestionnaires à comprendre l’importance des communications et des discussions dans la conduite des changements. Si, traditionnellement, on a vanté l’importance de la communication parce qu’elle permettait de présenter, d’expliquer et de justifier des changements ponctuels, cet article avance que les communications et les discussions créent des changements durables. Suivant cette nouvelle perspective, nous traitons de trois pratiques que les gestionnaires peuvent adopter pour que les communications et les discussions facilitent les changements. Ainsi, il est possible de susciter des discussions qui permettront au personnel, premièrement, de reconnaître les façons habituelles de faire et de s’exprimer dans l’organisation, deuxièmement, de discuter de ces façons habituelles de faire et de s’exprimer et, troisièmement, de discuter de façons éventuelles de faire et de s’exprimer dans l’avenir. Ces trois pratiques sont illustrées au moyen de propos tenus par des gestionnaires dans le cadre d’une étude menée dans une entreprise de haute technologie. De plus, pour chacune de ces pratiques, nous suggérons des questions que les gestionnaires ont intérêt à poser pour favoriser les conversations, puisqu’elles mènent à des changements dans les façons de faire. Fonction : management, gestion des ressources humaines
L'impact de l'organisation du travail sur l'isolement social
Authors: Vézina Michel , Derriennic Francis , Monfort Christine 
Published: February 2011

Résumé Les facteurs psychosociaux au travail : demande psychologique, latitude décisionnelle et tension au travail, définis comme des proxis des facteurs en jeu dans le modèle de Karasek, sont analysés du point de vue de leur rôle possible sur l’isolement social, tel qu’il est évalué à partir de l’indicateur de santé perçue de Nottingham. L’étude s’appuie sur les données recueillies dans l’enquête prospective longitudinale Estev portant sur un échantillon représentatif de plus de 20 000 salariés enquêtés deux fois, en 1990 et 1995. Les résultats montrent que les facteurs psychosociaux au travail relatifs à la situation professionnelle des salariés en 1990, en particulier l’absence de latitude décisionnelle, sont reliés d’une façon pronostique à un risque plus élevé d’isolement social en 1995. Les auteurs suggèrent qu’on ne saurait s’attendre à un développement de la participation à la vie sociale chez les salariés si par ailleurs leur travail ne leur permet pas de développer des capacités et limite les possibilités de créativité.
Claude Veil, un pionnier de la psychopathologie du travail
Authors: Billiard Isabelle 
Published: February 2011

Résumé Cet article retrace les apports originaux de l’action et de la pensée de Claude Veil aux premières formulations d’une psychopathologie du travail, parallèlement à ceux de Paul Sivadon et de Louis Le Guillant. Il met en lumière les présupposés de sa démarche, tout à la fois clinique et interdisciplinaire, à partir de trois pôles d’activité : les services de reclassement professionnel de la Seine, l’association l’Élan retrouvé et la section d’hygiène industrielle de la Ligue d’hygiène mentale. On voit que l’approche pragmatique de la psychiatrie du travail puise, chez C. Veil, à la phénoménologie et à la conception freudienne du fonctionnement psychique.
Méfiance, violence et sexualisation secondaire dans le métier de surveillance
Authors: Demaegdt Christophe 
Published: February 2011

Résumé À partir d’un matériel recueilli auprès d’un collectif de surveillant.e.s d’une maison d’arrêt, l’article interroge la pertinence du dispositif de soutien au personnel « victimisé » mis en place dans les prisons belges. L’écoute du travail apporte dans un premier temps des éléments de compréhension sur la construction de la méfiance et de l’homophobie, ce qui permet de questionner les rapports genrés de travail au regard de la « juste distance » à entretenir avec les détenus. L’auteur engage ensuite une réflexion sur les liens entre l’exercice de la violence et la souffrance éthique, et défend enfin la thèse de la sexualisation secondaire des conduites défensives.
Travail et Théorie critique [de Francfort] : une rencontre sans objet ?
Authors: Castejon Christine 
Published: February 2011

Résumé Il s’agit de discuter l’idée que la clinique du travail puisse trouver intérêt à des rapprochements avec les auteurs héritiers de la Théorie critique de Francfort que sont les philosophes pragmaticiens Habermas et Honneth. L’article se concentre sur Habermas dans la mesure où le point aveugle de cette hypothèse y est directement repérable : Habermas n’a pas évité le terrain du travail par insuffisance de pensée, mais parce que sa conception du langage, décisive pour sa construction théorique, s’y trouve prise en défaut.
Les caractéristiques de la femme française au travail et les nouveaux problèmes gynécologiques posés en médecine d'entreprise
Authors: Soutoul J.-H. 
Published: February 2011

Résumé Cette conférence, initialement prononcée en 1967, est republiée accompagnée d’un commentaire de Lise Gaignard. Elle est représentative d’une certaine idéologie médicale qui affirmait l’existence d’« imperfections anatomiques » et d’« insuffisances physiologiques » des femmes, les considérant comme des facteurs « d’instabilité professionnelle », de faible rendement et d’incompatibilité avec les revendications d’égalité professionnelle. Dans la mesure où cette idéologie haineuse à l’égard des femmes a pu s’exprimer publiquement par le passé, et apparaître comme scientifique, on peut se demander quelles en sont les formes contemporaines.
« On ne va pas prendre les patients en otage… »
Authors: Ingwiller Sophie , Molinier Pascale 
Published: February 2011

Résumé Cet article retrace une enquête de psychodynamique du travail réalisée auprès d’équipes de nuit dans un service de gérontologie. Il est écrit à la première personne du singulier par Sophie Ingwiller pour tout ce qui concerne l’analyse de ses propres défenses. Les données ont été analysées en collaboration avec Pascale Molinier ; leur interprétation et la mise au jour de leur dimension défensive impliquent le travail réalisé au moment de la supervision qui apparaît ainsi comme un élément clé du dispositif d’enquête. L’enquête montre qu’en dépit de ce que disent les soignants, les patients sont bien « pris en otage » dans le conflit larvé qui oppose les soignants à la direction. L’interprétation permet d’analyser et de déplacer partiellement les défenses des soignants, tandis qu’elle laisse deviner en creux les défenses de la direction. La maltraitance apparaît alors comme le résultat d’un rapport social défensif qui requiert une remise en discussion du travail réel et du partage des responsabilités.
Langue du film « noir » et langue de spécialité, objet de recherche et point d'appui pour l'enseignement
Authors: Vidalenc Jean-Louis 
Published: February 2011

<p class="resume" dir="ltr">Cet article montre comment on peut retrouver les grandes spécialités (anglais juridique, anglais économique, anglais scientifique, anglais médical) dans les romans et les films « noirs ». On suggère que la transgression des valeurs dominantes fonctionne comme pivot des lexies spécifiques, la langue de spécialité du « noir ». Euphémisme et utilisation non sémantiquement justifiée de termes à forte connotation sexuelle, interdits encore il y a quarante ans, concourent à établir le substrat de valeurs puritaines du genre. Ce puritanisme joue un rôle dans certaines mutations sémantiques du lexique anglais.</p><p class="abstract" dir="ltr">This article shows that the four main ESP branches (English for lawyers, English for Economists, English for Scientists, English for MDs) can be found in crime fiction. It is suggested that the lexicon of crime novels revolves around the central theme of transgression of puritan values. Writers use both understatements and an over-frequent use of four letter words to create this puritan atmosphere. It is argued that issues in civilization, like puritanism, may shift the semantic core value of words.</p>
Quantitative Amino Acid Analysis
Authors: Rutherfurd Shane M. , Dunn Benn M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractQuantitative amino acid analysis is an important tool for many scientific areas ranging from the characterization of recombinant proteins to the description of food proteins for nutritional assessment. Quantitative amino acid analysis is often overlooked in many laboratories due to the difficulties involved in obtaining reliable amino acid composition data. Fortunately, for protein chemists, the creation of protein chemistry core laboratories devoted mainly to protein sequence analysis and peptide synthesis has provided new instrumentation that yields the necessary precision. In addition, for food scientists, it has become clear that for the description of food proteins, the nitrogen content alone simply does not provide sufficient information about the nutritional adequacy of these proteins, and as a result, a growing number of nutrition laboratories are undertaking amino acid analysis. This unit describes the information that can be derived from quantitative amino acid analysis and gives examples of the calculations that are needed. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 63:3.2.1‐3.2.6. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Site‐saturation Mutagenesis: A Powerful Tool for Structure‐Based Design of Combinatorial Mutation Libraries
Authors: Chronopoulou Evangelia G. , Labrou Nikolaos E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis unit describes a method for site‐saturation mutagenesis (SSM) using PCR amplification with degenerate synthetic oligonucleotides as primers. SSM allows the substitution of predetermined protein sites against all twenty possible amino acids at once. Therefore, SSM is a powerful approach in protein engineering to characterize structure‐function relationships, as well as to create improved protein variants. The procedure accepts double‐stranded plasmid isolated from the dam+ E. coli strain. The procedure is simple, fast, efficient, and eliminates time‐consuming subcloning and ligation steps. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 63:26.6.1‐26.6.10. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Post‐polymerization crosslinked polyurethane shape memory polymers
Authors: Hearon Keith , Gall Ken , Ware Taylor , Maitland Duncan J. , Bearinger Jane P. , Wilson Thomas S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNovel urethane post‐polymerization curable shape memory polymers (SMPs) have been synthesized and characterized. Several series of linear, olefinic urethane polymers were made from 2‐butene‐1,4‐diol, other saturated diols, and various aliphatic diisocyanates. These thermoplastics were melt‐processed into desired geometries and thermally crosslinked at 200°C or radiation crosslinked at 50 kGy. The SMPs were characterized by solvent swelling and extraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile testing, and qualitative shape recovery analysis. Swelling and DMA results provided concrete evidence of chemical crosslinking, and further characterization revealed that the urethanes had outstanding mechanical properties. Key properties include tailorable transitions between 25 and 80°C, tailorable rubbery moduli between 0.2 and 4.2 MPa, recoverable strains approaching 100%, failure strains of over 500% at Tg, and qualitative shape recovery times of less than 12 s at body temperature (37°C). Because of its outstanding thermo‐mechanical properties, one polyurethane was selected for implementation in the design of a complex medical device. We believe that these new post‐polymerization crosslinkable urethane SMPs are an industrially relevant class of highly processable shape memory materials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Structure and thermal stability of polysaccharide fractions extracted from the ultrasonic irradiated and cold alkali pretreated bamboo
Authors: Li Ming‐Fei , Fan Yong‐Ming , Xu Feng , Sun Run‐Cang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPolysaccharide fractions were extracted from partially delignified bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis) culms pretreated with ultrasonic irradiation for varied times and cold sodium hydroxide/urea solution, and their structure and thermal stability were comparatively characterized. In this case, ball‐milled bamboo culms were treated with ultrasonic irradiation for varied times (0, 5, 15, and 25 min), dissolved with 7% sodium hydroxide/12% urea solution at −12°C, and then extracted with ethanol and dioxane to obtain partially delignified solid fractions. Subsequently, the solid fractions were subjected to be extracted with dimethyl sulfoxide followed by precipitation in ethanol and yielded the polysaccharide fractions. Sugar analysis indicated that the total sugar content increased from 60.63% in the polysaccharide fraction prepared without ultrasonic irradiation to 81.26% in the polysaccharide fraction prepared with an ultrasonic irradiation time of 25 min. Glucose (∼ 50–55%) was the major sugar component, and xylose (∼ 41–44%) was the second major sugar in polysaccharide fractions in all cases. Spectroscopy (FTIR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and HSQC) analysis suggested that the polysaccharide fractions were mainly composed of (1→4)‐linked α‐D‐glucan from amylose and (1→4)‐linked β‐D‐xylan attached with minor amounts of branched sugars from hemicelluloses. In addition, thermal analysis showed that the main degradation stage of the polysaccharide fractions occurred between 210 and 320°C. Compared to the polysaccharide fraction prepared without ultrasonic irradiation, the polysaccharide fraction prepared with ultrasonic irradiation had a slightly lower thermal stability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Hyperbranched polymer based on triphenylamine and pyridine: Fluorescent chemosensors for palladium ions
Authors: Feng Jichang , Zhang Cong , Li Yang , Yang Mujie 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTwo new hyperbranched fluorescent conjugated polymers containing pyridine units were synthesized via Heck coupling reaction and Sonogashira coupling reaction, respectively, and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GPC. The copolymers are readily soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform, THF, and DMF. Thermal analysis revealed that the copolymers had good thermal stability. The fluorescence quenching behaviors of the hyperbranched copolymers by metal ions were studied. It was found that the fluorescence of the copolymers can be effectively quenched by Pd2+. Moreover, the two hyperbranched copolymers exhibited different quenching efficiency, which may be related to difference in the hindrance for the chelation of pyridine unit with metal ions of the two polymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Luminescent properties of long‐lasting BaAlxOy:Eu2+,Dy3+ nanocomposites
Authors: Bem Daniel B. , Swart Hendrick C. , Luyt Adriaan S. , Dejene Francis B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBaAlxOy:Eu2+,Dy3+ blue‐green phosphor samples were synthesized by a combustion method at the low temperature of 500°C. Phosphor nanocrystallites with high brightness were obtained without significantly changing the crystalline structure of the host. The crystallite sizes determined from the Scherrer equation ranged between 34 and 41 nm. Different volume fractions of the BaAlxOy:Eu2+,Dy3+ powder were then introduced in LDPE polymer. The resulting composites were similarly analyzed and also thermally characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). PL results indicate that the LDPE‐phosphor interface, which is considered to have an influence on the composite behavior, did not significantly change the spectral positions of the phosphor materials, whose major emission peaks occurred at about 505 nm. The improved afterglow results for the composites may have been caused by morphological changes due to increased surface area and defects. Thermal results indicate that the BaAlxOy:Eu2+,Dy3+ particles acted as nucleating centers and enhanced the overall crystallinity in the LDPE nanocomposite while preventing lamellar growth, hence reducing the crystallite sizes in LDPE. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Studies on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and direct current conductivity of polyaniline doped zinc ferrite
Authors: Patil Ramesh , Roy Aashis S. , Anilkumar Koppalkar R. , Ekhelikar Srikant 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn situ polymerization of aniline was carried out in the presence of zinc ferrite to synthesize polyaniline/ZnFe2O4 composites (PANI/ZnFe2O4) by chemical oxidation method. The composites have been synthesized with various compositions (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt %) of zinc ferrite in PANI. From the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies on polyaniline/ZnFe2O4 composites, the peak at 1140 cm−1 is considered to be measure of the degree of electron delocalization. The surface morphology of these composites was studied with scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The dc conductivity has been studied in the temperature range from 40–160°C and supports the one‐dimensional variable range hopping (1DVRH) model proposed by Mott. The results obtained for these composites are of scientific and technological interest. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of methacrylic acid on the properties of Ethylene–Vinylene acetate rubber vulcanizates reinforced by magnesium hydroxide
Authors: Yu Haiyang , Zhang Yong , Ren Wentan , Chen Shuguo , Hoch Martin , Guo Sharon 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEthylene–vinyl acetate rubber (EVM) vulcanizates with excellent mechanical properties were obtained with magnesium hydroxides (MH) and methacrylic acid (MAA). MAA significantly improved the mechanical properties of the MH‐filled EVM vulcanizates. The tensile strength, Shore A hardness, and tensile set modulus of the EVM vulcanizates significantly increased with increasing MAA content. The tensile strength of the MH‐filled EVM vulcanizates increased from 12.3 to 18.5 MPa after the addition of 2.5 phr MAA when the MH content was fixed at 60 phr. The gross crosslink density and ionic crosslink density increased with increasing MAA content. The glass‐transition temperature and tan δ slightly decreased with increasing MAA content. Morphological study showed that MAA obviously improved the dispersion of the MH particles in the EVM matrix. The thermal stability of the EVM vulcanizates was obviously enhanced after the addition of MAA. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that MAA reacted with MH to form magnesium methacrylates, and there was a polymerization of MAA during the curing process in the existence of peroxide. An ionic crosslink bond was thought to be formed on the surface of the MH aggregates; this resulted in a possible structure where MH aggregates were considered as crosslink points. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of titanium dioxide on the flame‐retardant finishing of cotton fabric
Authors: Lam Y. L. , Kan C. W. , Yuen C. W. M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) or nano titanium dioxide (nano‐TiO2) was used as a cocatalyst in the flame‐retardant (FR) formulation of N‐methylol dimethylphosphonopropionamide (Pyrovatex CP New, FR), melamine resin [Knittex CHN, crosslinking agent (CL)], and phosphoric acid (PA) for cotton fabrics to improve the treatment effectiveness and minimize the side effects of the treatment. For FR‐treated cotton fabrics, the flame extinguished right after removal of the ignition source with no flame spreading. However, after neutralization and/or home laundering, FR–CL‐treated specimens failed the flammability test, whereas the opposite results were obtained from FR–CL–PA‐treated specimens. A noticeable result was that the TiO2/nano‐TiO2 cocatalyst had a significant effect on decreasing the flame‐spread rate. Thermal analysis found that the FR‐treated specimens without wet posttreatment showed two endothermic peaks representing the phosphorylation of cellulose and acid‐catalyzed dehydration. In addition, the treated fabrics showed some new characteristic peaks in their chemical structures; these were interpreted as carbonyl bands, CH2 rocking bands, and CH3 asymmetric and CH2 symmetric stretching. The surface morphology of the FR–CL–PA‐treated cotton specimens showed a roughened and wrinkled fabric surface with a high deposition of the finishing agent that had a lower breaking load and tearing strength, which resulted from the side effects of the CL used. However, the addition of a TiO2 or nano‐TiO2 cocatalyst could compensate for the reduction in the tensile strength. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Shelf‐edge reefs as priority areas for conservation of reef fish diversity in the tropical Atlantic
Authors: Olavo George , Costa Paulo A. S. , Martins Agnaldo S. , Ferreira Beatrice P. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Data from fishing surveys employing bottom long‐lines were analysed to characterize the diversity, assemblages and distribution patterns of demersal fish along the Brazilian outer shelf and upper slope, between latitudes 13°S and 22°S.
Non‐metric multi‐dimensional scaling (MDS) and cluster analysis indicate three distinct species assemblages separated primarily by depth (the 200 m isobath) and secondarily by latitude (19°S), suggesting a continual transition along the depth and latitudinal gradients in the study area. Species richness was negatively correlated with depth, but with no clear relationship with latitude.
Results suggest the existence of reef formations on the shelf‐edge zone (40–200 m) and slope down to 500 m depth off the eastern Brazilian coast. More than 75% of the catches recorded were reef fish species from the families Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Malacanthidae, Muraenidae, Sparidae, Balistidae, Carangidae, Haemulidae, Scorpaenidae and Priacanthidae.
The maximum depth of occurrence for 20 reef species was extended from limits previously recorded.
The findings reinforce the hypothesis of a faunal corridor for species associated with deep reef formations along the shelf‐edge zone (40–200 m), in the South American continental margin, connecting the south‐western Atlantic and the Caribbean provinces.
The shelf‐edge reefs support important multi‐species fisheries and harbour critical habitats for the life cycle of many reef fish species, including spawning aggregation sites that are extremely vulnerable to human pressures, such as intensive fishing, shipping and offshore oil and gas exploitation; all activities currently expanding off the Brazilian coast.
Results reveal the biological importance of deep shelf‐edge reefs as a critical ecological area. Despite their importance, shelf edge reefs are not currently included in any marine protected area network in the tropical south‐western Atlantic. There is now an urgent need to enhance knowledge, implement adequate management strategies and consider these deeper habitats as priority areas for conservation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.