bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MARCH 2004: A 24‐YEAR‐OLD WOMAN WITH BIFRONTAL HEADACHES
Authors: Englund Chris , Silbergeld Daniel , Alvord Ellsworth C. , Small Randy , Hevner Robert F. 
Published: July 2010

CASE OF THE MONTH: ABSTRACTMARCH 2004 COM. A 24‐year‐old woman with bifrontal headaches was found to have a well‐circumscribed lesion in the frontal lobe subcortical white matter. Microscopic examination showed clusters of small round cells separated by hypocellular neuropil‐like areas, and a distinct border between tumor and surrounding white matter. Synaptophysin was diffusely positive in neuropil‐like areas, and many tumor cells expressed NeuN. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of “extraventricular neurocytoma” was made. A double‐label immunofluorescence stain was performed with NeuN and Ki‐67 antibodies to determine if NeuN+ cells remained in the mitotic cycle. No colocalization of these markers was found, thus supporting the hypothesis that neuronal differentiation (as marked by NeuN expression) is incompatible with continued proliferation of tumor cells, as well as normal neurons.
High Pressure Inactivation Kinetics of a Thermomyces lanuginosus Xylanase Evaluated as a Process Indicator
Authors: Gogou Eleni , Katapodis Petros , Taoukis Petros S. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract:  The potential use of Thermomyces lanuginosus xylanase to develop a pressure–temperature–time integrator (PTTI) for high pressure processing was investigated. The combined effect of pressure and temperature on the inactivation of xylanase was studied in the pressure range of 100 to 600 MPa and temperature range of 50 to 70 °C. A synergistic effect of pressure and temperature was observed. Xylanase inactivation at the studied processing conditions followed first‐order kinetics and was found to be very sensitive to changes in pressure and temperature. The values of activation energy and activation volume were estimated as 92.8 kJ/mol and −23.3 mL/mol at a reference pressure of 450 MPa and a reference temperature of 60 °C, respectively. A mathematical model of xylanase inactivation, having as variables time, pressure, and temperature allows the calculation of remaining enzyme activity at any combination of processing conditions within the studied domain.Practical Application:  To ensure the optimization and control of high pressure processing, evaluation of the process impact on both safety and quality attributes of foods is essential. Enzymes can serve as effective tools in evaluating the impact of high pressure processes of foods.
Unsuspected multiple myeloma presenting as Escherichia coli infectious spondylitis: a case report
Authors: YU Shan‐Fu , LUI Chun‐Chung , PEI Sung‐Nan , LIU Jien‐Wei , CHENG Tien‐Tsai 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMultiple myeloma associated with infectious spondylitis at initial presentation is rare. We report a previously healthy woman with back pain for 3 weeks, initially diagnosed as Escherichia coli infectious spondylitis. Because magnetic resonance imaging revealed skip lesions other than infectious spondylitis, extensive work‐up disclosed monoclonal immunoglobulin G kappa and 30% plasma cells in bone marrow. The patient was treated with antibiotics for 8 weeks without recurrence in the subsequent 6 months. Although the panorama of infectious spondylitis was obvious and substantial, our case demonstrates that further investigations for underlying diseases are critical, especially when image findings are incompatible with common presentations of infectious spondylitis.
Impact of
recA
on Levofloxacin Exposure-Related Resistance Development
Authors: Singh Renu , Ledesma Kimberly R. , Chang Kai-Tai , Tam Vincent H. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Genetic mutations are one of the major mechanisms by which bacteria acquire drug resistance. One of the known mechanisms for inducing mutations is the SOS response system. We investigated the effect of disrupting
recA
, an inducer of the SOS response, on resistance development using an
in vitro
hollow-fiber infection model. A clinical
Staphylococcus aureus
isolate and a laboratory wild-type strain of
Escherichia coli
were compared to their respective
recA
-deleted isogenic daughter isolates. Approximately 2 × 10
5
CFU/ml of bacteria were subjected to escalating levofloxacin exposures for up to 120 h. Serial samples were obtained to ascertain simulated drug exposures and total and resistant bacterial burdens. Quinolone resistance determining regions of
gyrA
and
grlA
(
parC
for
E. coli
) in levofloxacin-resistant isolates were sequenced to confirm the mechanism of resistance. The preexposure MICs of the
recA
-deleted isolates were 4-fold lower than those of their respective parents. In
S. aureus
, a lower area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h at steady state divided by the MIC (AUC/MIC) was required to suppress resistance development in the
recA
-deleted mutant (an AUC/MIC of >23 versus an AUC/MIC of >32 was necessary in the mutant versus the parent isolate, respectively), and a prominent difference in the total bacterial burden was observed at 72 h. Using an AUC/MIC of approximately 30,
E. coli
resistance emergence was delayed by 24 h in the
recA
-deleted mutant. Diverse mutations in
gyrA
were found in levofloxacin-resistant isolates recovered. Disruption of
recA
provided additional benefits apart from MIC reduction, attesting to its potential role for pharmacologic intervention. The clinical relevance of our findings warrants further investigations.
Comparative Effectiveness of Linezolid and Vancomycin among a National Cohort of Patients Infected with Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Caffrey Aisling R. , Quilliam Brian J. , LaPlante Kerry L. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

While newer antibiotics play a key role in treating methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) infections, knowledge of their real-world clinical impact is limited. We sought to quantify the effectiveness of linezolid compared to that of vancomycin among MRSA-infected patients. This national retrospective cohort study included adult patients admitted to all Veterans Affairs hospitals between January 2002 and June 2008, infected with MRSA, and treated with either linezolid (oral or intravenous [i.v.]) or vancomycin (i.v.). Patients were followed from their treatment initiation date until the event of interest, discharge, death, or December 2008. Utilizing propensity score methods, we estimated the treatment effects of linezolid primarily on time to discharge and secondarily on time to all-cause in-hospital mortality, therapy discontinuation, and all-cause 90-day readmission with Cox proportional-hazard models. We identified 20,107 patients treated with linezolid (3.2%) or vancomycin (96.8%). Baseline covariates were well balanced by treatment group within propensity score quintiles and between propensity score matched patients (626 pairs). The discharge rate was significantly higher among patients treated with linezolid, representing a decreased length of stay, in both the propensity score adjusted (hazard ratio [HR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.27 to 1.50) and matched (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.44 to 2.00) analyses. A significantly decreased rate of therapy discontinuation, indicating longer therapy duration, was observed in the linezolid group (adjusted HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.75; matched HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.65). In this clinical population of MRSA-infected patients, linezolid therapy was as effective as vancomycin therapy with respect to in-hospital survival and readmission.
Fluoroquinolone Efflux by the Plasmid-Mediated Multidrug Efflux Pump QacB Variant QacBIII in
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Nakaminami Hidemasa , Noguchi Norihisa , Sasatsu Masanori 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Plasmids that carry the multidrug efflux genes
qacA
and
qacB
are widely distributed in methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA). Although the QacA and QacB proteins are similar to each other, their respective substrate specificities may differ. We investigated the variability and structure-function relationships of QacA and QacB in MRSA isolates. The amino acid sequences of 7 QacA and 25 QacB proteins showed that QacB was present in three variants, designated QacBII, QacBIII, and QacBIV, that were different from the prototypic QacB variant encoded by plasmid pSK23, which was named QacBI, while QacA was present in two variants. When cloned and expressed in
S. aureus
, the strain carrying
qacBIII
exhibited higher susceptibility to dyes and decreased susceptibility to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin compared to strains carrying the other QacB variants. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that the residue at position 320 in QacB plays an important role in the resistance phenotypes to dyes and fluoroquinolones. Furthermore, the accumulation of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the strain carrying
qacBIII
was significantly decreased. Our data demonstrate that the plasmid-mediated multidrug efflux pump QacB variant QacBIII confers the capability for fluoroquinolone efflux on
S. aureus
.
T-Cell Response to Human Papillomavirus Type 58 L1, E6, and E7 Peptides in Women with Cleared Infection, Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, or Invasive Cancer
Authors: Chan Paul K. S. , Liu Shih-Jen , Cheung T. H. , Yeo Winnie , Ngai S. M. , Cheung Jo L. K. , Chong Pele , Man Stephen 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTHuman papillomavirus type 58 (HPV-58) exists in a relatively high prevalence in certain parts of the world, including East Asia. This study examined the T-cell response to HPV-58 L1, E6, and E7 peptides among women with cleared infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) or CIN3, or invasive cervical cancer (ICC). Peptides found to be reactive in thein vitropeptide binding assay or mouse-stimulating study were tested with a gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay to detect peptide-specific responses from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected from 91 HPV-58-infected women (32 with cleared infection, 16 CIN2, 15 CIN3, and 28 ICC). Four HLA-A11-restricted HPV-58 L1 peptides, located at amino acid positions 296 to 304, 327 to 335, 101 to 109, and 469 to 477, showed positive IFN-γ ELISPOT results and were mainly from women with cleared infection. Two HLA-A11-restricted E6 peptides (amino acid positions 64 to 72 and 94 to 102) and three HLA-A11-restricted E7 peptides (amino acid positions 78 to 86, 74 to 82, and 88 to 96) showed a positive response. A response to E6 and E7 peptides was mainly observed from subjects with CIN2 or above. One HLA-A2-restricted E6 peptide, located at amino acid position 99 to 107, elicited a positive response in two CIN2 subjects. One HLA-A24-restricted L1 peptide, located at amino acid position 468 to 476, also elicited a positive response in two CIN2 subjects. In summary, this study has identified a few immunogenic epitopes for HPV-58 E6 and E7 proteins. It is worthwhile to further investigate whether responses to these epitopes have a role in clearing an established cervical lesion.
The war against spam
Authors: Linden Greg , Bernstein Michael , Poole Erika Shehan 
Published: July 2010

http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm

The
Communications
Web site, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

twitter

Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM
Greg Linden asks if spammers have been defeated; Michael Bernstein discusses Clay Shirky's keynote speech at CSCW 2010; and Erika S. Poole writes about how the digital world can help parents cope with the death of a child.
Plat_Forms
Authors: Prechelt Lutz 
Published: July 2010

Introduction

Software developers during their work face several fundamental choices with a multitude of options. There are methodological choices, where one selects among possible development processes, and technological choices regarding for instance development tools or base technologies for the software product.
While a number of solid research results are available on some methodological topics (such as review or testing techniques), there is hardly any high-quality information on how specific technologies influence development success. There are narrow benchmarking studies comparing the execution performance of, for example, dababase management systems or application servers, there are feature lists comparing the functionality of base technology products, but there are essentially no holistic studies that compare directly how competing technologies shape a realistic product and how that may influence the project. Those few such studies that exist are very small-scale in terms of the system considered, a good example being jccpprt, and despite their small scale some also lack the methodological rigor required for high credibility, a popular example being Kelly's entertaining, yet visibly biased video.
The Story of James and Ellen Hebden: The First Family of Pentecost in Canada
Authors: Sloos William 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWhen Ellen Hebden received Spirit baptism on November 17, 1906, she was regarded by many as the first known person in Canada to speak in tongues. Her dramatic experience ignited a revival that launched her Toronto mission into the forefront of the emerging Pentecostal movement. Ellen and her husband, James, became prominent Pentecostal pioneers and accomplished numerous groundbreaking achievements. Yet, despite their formative role in the birth of the Canadian Pentecostal movement, the story of the Hebdens has been largely shrouded in mystery. Where did they originate? How did they come to Toronto? What happened to them after the revival had waned? These questions have remained unanswered for nearly one hundred years of Pentecostal history. This article will answer these questions and firmly establish the Hebdens as the first family of Pentecost in Canada.
The Necessity of Historicism
Authors: Ankersmit Frank 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRankean historicism is ordinarily seen nowadays as an outdated nineteenth century fashion and that we could not possibly tolerate in our modern intellectual homes. In opposition to this common wisdom I argue that historicism ‐ i.e. the claim that the nature of a thing is to be found in is history ‐ is no less true for all writing of history as it was in the days of Ranke. So Ranke was right, after all. I shall argue my untimely thesis by focusing on the historian’s language and by insisting that all the claims made by historicists such as Ranke make eminently sense if read as claim not about objects having existed in the past itself but about the language used by historians in their attempt to account for the past.
Reforming sanitary-epidemiological service in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union: an exploratory study
Authors: Gotsadze George , Chikovani Ivdity , Goguadze Ketevan , Balabanova Dina , McKee Martin 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Public health services in the Soviet Union and its satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe were delivered through centrally planned and managed networks of sanitary-epidemiological (san-epid) facilities. Many countries sought to reform this service following the political transition in the 1990s. In this paper we describe the major themes within these reforms.

Methods
A review of literature was conducted. A conceptual framework was developed to guide the review, which focused on the two traditional core public health functions of the san-epid system: communicable disease surveillance, prevention and control and environmental health. The review included twenty-two former communist countries in the former Soviet Union (fSU) and in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE).

Results
The countries studied fall into two broad groups. Reforms were more extensive in the CEE countries than in the fSU. The CEE countries have moved away from the former centrally managed san-epid system, adopting a variety of models of decentralization. The reformed systems remain mainly funded centrally level, but in some countries there are contributions by local government. In almost all countries, epidemiological surveillance and environmental monitoring remained together under a single organizational umbrella but in a few responsibilities for environmental health have been divided among different ministries.

Conclusions
Progress in reform of public health services has varied considerably. There is considerable scope to learn from the differing experiences but also a need for rigorous evaluation of how public health functions are provided.
Patterns of medical pluralism among adults: results from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey in Taiwan
Authors: Shih Chun-Chuan , Su Yi-Chang , Liao Chien-Chang , Lin Jaung-Geng 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Medical pluralism (MP) can be defined as the employment of more than one medical system or the use of both conventional and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for health and illness. A population-based survey and linkage with medical records was conducted to investigate MP amongst the Taiwanese population. Previous research suggests an increasing use of CAM worldwide.

Methods
We collected demographic data, socioeconomic information, and details about lifestyle and health behaviours from the 2001 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey. The medical records of interviewees were obtained from National Health Insurance claims data with informed consent. In this study, MP was defined as using both Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) services in 2001. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated for factors associated with adopting MP in univariate and multiple logistic regression.

Results
Among 12,604 eligible participants, 32.5% adopted MP. Being female (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.30 - 1.61) and young (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.15 - 1.66) were factors associated with adopting MP in the multiple logistic regression. People with healthy lifestyles (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.19 - 1.53) were more likely to adopt MP than those with unhealthy lifestyles. Compared with people who had not used folk therapy within the past month, people who used folk therapy were more likely to adopt MP. The OR of adopting MP was higher in people who lived in highly urbanised areas as compared with those living in areas with a low degree of urbanisation. Living in an area with a high density of TCM physicians (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.69 - 2.84) was the strongest predictor for adopting MP.

Conclusion
MP is common in Taiwan. Sociodemographic factors, unhealthy lifestyle, use of folk therapy, and living in areas with a high density of TCM physicians are all associated with MP. People who had factors associated with the adoption of MP may be at risk for adverse health effects from interactions between TCM herbal medicine and WM pharmaceuticals.
Characterization of a heat resistant ß-glucosidase as a new reporter in cells and mice
Authors: McCutcheon Susan C , Jones Ken , Cumming Sarah A , Kemp Richard , Ireland-Zecchini Heather , Saunders John C , Houghton Carol A , Howard Louise A , Winton Douglas J 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Reporter genes are widely used in biology and only a limited number are available. We present a new reporter gene for the localization of mammalian cells and transgenic tissues based on detection of the bglA (SYNbglA) gene of Caldocellum saccharolyticum that encodes a thermophilic β-glucosidase.

Results

SYNbglA was generated by introducing codon substitutions to remove CpG motifs as these are associated with gene silencing in mammalian cells. SYNbglA expression can be localized in situ or detected quantitatively in colorimetric assays and can be co-localized with E. coli β-galactosidase. Further, we have generated a Cre-reporter mouse in which SYNbglA is expressed following recombination to demonstrate the general utility of SYNbglA for in vivo analyses. SYNbglA can be detected in tissue wholemounts and in frozen and wax embedded sections.

Conclusions

SYNbglA will have general applicability to developmental and molecular studies in vitro and in vivo.
Course of seasonal influenza A/Brisbane/59/07 H1N1 infection in the ferret
Authors: McBrayer Alexis , Camp Jeremy V , Tapp Ron , Yamshchikov Vladimir , Grimes Sheila , Noah Diana L , Jonsson Colleen B , Bruder Carl E 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Every year, influenza viruses infect approximately 5-20% of the population in the United States leading to over 200,000 hospitalizations and 36,000 deaths from flu-related complications. In this study, we characterized the immune and pathological progression of a seasonal strain of H1N1 influenza virus, A/Brisbane/59/2007 in a ferret model. The immune response of the animals showed a dose-dependent increase with increased virus challenge, as indicated by the presence of virus specific IgG, IgM, and neutralizing antibodies. Animals infected with higher doses of virus also experienced increasing severity of clinical symptoms and fever at 2 days post-infection (DPI). Interestingly, weight loss was more pronounced in animals infected with lower doses of virus compared to those infected with a higher dose; these results were consistent with viral titers of swabs collected from the nares, but not the throat. Analyzed specimens included nasal and throat swabs from 1, 3, 5, and 7 DPI as well as tissue samples from caudal lung and nasal turbinates. Viral titers of the swab samples in all groups were higher on 1 and 3 DPI and returned to baseline levels by 7 DPI. Analysis of nasal turbinates indicated presence of virus at 3 DPI in all infected groups, whereas virus was only detected in the lungs of animals in the two highest dose groups. Histological analysis of the lungs showed a range of pathology, such as chronic inflammation and bronchial epithelial hypertrophy. The results provided here offer important endpoints for preclinical testing of the efficacy of new antiviral compounds and experimental vaccines.
Rates of Water Entry in the Three Great Soil Groups After Seven Years in Grasses and Small Grains1
Authors: Mazurak Andrew P. , Conard Elverne C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisGrasses stabilized soil structure, whereas cultivation of plots in small grain rotation did not. Water entry was higher in soils cropped to cool‐season grasses than in soils cropped to warm‐season grasses. There were no statistically significant differences between the rates of water entry into soil of plots fertilized with ammonium nitrate and of those not fertilized.
The Use of Population Subdivision in Effecting a Stratification of Gene Frequencies for Reaction in Alfalfa to Pseudopeziza medicaginis1
Authors: Adams M. W. , Semeniuk G. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTwelve 3‐plant groups of alfalfa, composed at random from 36 plants that were uniformly resistant to common leafspot and randomly intercrossed within groups, produced progenies that differed significantly in mean reaction to the disease. This was interpreted to indicate that in critically‐sized subdivisions of a breeder's population, the evolutionary force of chance can be employed to effect a gene frequency stratification of the population. The relationship of this effect to inbreeding was noted.
Seed Treatments to Delay Barley Emergence1
Authors: McGowan A. A. , Williams W. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeveral types of seed treatments were tested to delay the emergence of barley, primarily to improve the growth of legumes undersown at the same time. The period from sowing to 50% emergence was up to 394% as long for treated seeds as for untreated seeds (a delay of 24 days), but total emergence was reduced as much as 42%. CCC and paraffin wax were more promising treatments than abscisic acid, gamma−radiation, or polyurethane varnish. Paraffin did not delay emergence as long as did CCC, especially at low temperatures, but CCC had a more detrimental effect on total emergence.