bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil and water losses from new citrus orchards growing on sloped soils in the western Mediterranean basin
Authors: Cerdà Artemi , Morera Antonio Giménez , Bodí Merche B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTen representative research sites were selected in eastern Spain to assess soil erosion rates and processes in new citrus orchards on sloping soils. The experimental plots were located at representatives sites on limestone, in areas with 498 to 715 mm year−1mean annual rainfall, north‐facing slopes, herbicide treated, and new (less than 3 years old) plantations. Ten rainfall simulation experiments (1 h at 55 mm h−1on 0·25 m2plots) were carried out at each of the 10 selected study sites to determine the interill soil erosion and runoff rates. The 100 rainfall simulation tests (10 × 10 m) showed that ponding and runoff occurred in all the plots, and quickly: 121 and 195 s, respectively, following rainfall initiation. Runoff discharge was one third of the rainfall, and sediment concentration reached 10·4 g L−1. The soil erosion rates were 2·4 Mg ha−1 h−1under 5‐year return period rainfall thunderstorms. These are among the highest soil erosion rates measured in the western Mediterranean basin, similar to badland, mine spoil and road embankment land surfaces. The positive relationship between runoff discharge and sediment concentration (r2= 0·83) shows that the sediment availability is very high. Soil erosion rates on new citrus orchards growing on sloped soils are neither tolerable nor sustainable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concentrated flow erosion as a main source of sediments in Galicia, Spain
Authors: Mirás‐Avalos José M. , Paz‐González Antonio , Dafonte‐Dafonte Jorge , Vidal‐Vázquez Eva , Valcárcel‐Armesto Montserrat 
Published: October 2009

AbstractKnowledge of soil loss rates by water erosion under given climate, soil, topography, and management conditions is important for establishing soil conservation schemes. In Galicia, a region with Atlantic climatic conditions in Spain, field observations over the last decade indicate that interrill, rill and ephemeral gully erosion may be an important sediment source. The aim of this work was to assess concentrated erosion rates, describe types of rills and ephemeral gullies and determine their origin, evolution and importance as sediment sources. Soil surface state and concentrated flow erosion were surveyed on medium textured soils, developed over basic schists of the Ordenes Complex series (Coruña province, Spain) from 1997 to 2006. Soil surface state was characterized by crust development, tillage features and roughness degree. Soil erosion rate was directly measured in the field. Concentrated flow erosion took place mainly on seedbeds and recently tilled surfaces in late spring and by autumn or early winter. During the study period, erosion rates were highly variable and the following situations could be distinguished: (a) no incision or limited rill incision, i.e. below 2 Mg ha−1 year−1; (b) generalized rill and ephemeral gully incision in the class of mean values between 2·5 and 6·25 Mg ha−1 year−1, this was the most common erosion pattern; and (c) heavy erosion as observed during an extremely wet winter period, between October 2000 and February 2001, with erosion figures that may be about ten orders of magnitude higher, up to 55–60 Mg ha−1 year−1. Therefore, low values of soil losses are dominant, but also large values of rill and ephemeral gully erosion occurred during the study period. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complex relationships between salt type and rock properties in a durability experiment of multiple salt–rock treatments
Authors: Yu Swe , Oguchi Chiaki T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA laboratory salt weathering experiment was performed using five salts to attack eight types of rocks to determine the relative significance of rock durability and salt aggressivity to salt crystallization damage. The influence of individual rock properties on the salt susceptibility of the rocks was also evaluated. To study the relation between pore characteristics, salt uptake, and damage, the pre‐ and post‐experiment pore size distributions of the rocks were also examined. It is observed that both salt type and rock properties influenced the damage pattern. The durability ranking of the rocks became significantly altered with the salt type while the variation in salt efficacy ranking with rock type was less pronounced. Of the five salts used, sodium chloride and aluminium sulfate were invariably ineffective with all rock types while sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate, were markedly more effective in damaging most types of rock used. Of the rock properties investigated, the microporosity (of pores smaller than 0·05 or 0·1 µm) showed the most significant influence on deterioration of the rocks associated with salt crystallization, whereas microporosity of pores smaller than 5 µm played a more important role in salt uptake. Pore size distribution was thus the key factor controlling salt uptake and damage. Rocks with a large number of pores (<5 µm) and a high proportion of pores (<0·05 or 0·1 µm) were particularly susceptible to salt crystallization damage. However, anomalies arose that could not be explained in terms of rock properties or salt efficacy alone. Overall, the relative influences of salt type/efficacy and rock type/properties on salt damage propensity were not clear enough to draw a reasonable conclusion. Salt crystallization damage appears to be influenced by the individual interactions between salts and rocks, which could explain the anomalous results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐risk variants FGFR2, TNRC9 and LSP1 in German familial breast cancer patients
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Müller‐Myhsok Bertram , Lichtner Peter , Engel Christoph , Chen Bowang , Burwinkel Barbara , Försti Asta , Sutter Christian , Wappenschmidt Barbara , Hellebrand Heide , Illig Thomas , Arnold Norbert , Niederacher Dieter , Dworniczak Bernd , Deissler Helmut , Kast Karin , Gadzicki Dorothea , Meitinger Thomas , Wichmann H.‐Erich , Kiechle Marion , Bartram Claus R. , Schmutzler Rita K. , Meindl Alfons 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTo validate common low‐risk variants predisposing for breast cancer (BC) in a large set of BRCA1/2 negative familial or genetically enriched cases from Germany, we genotyped 1,415 cases and 1,830 healthy women by MALDI‐TOF in 105 candidate SNPs. Significantly higher ORs than previously reported for heterozygous unselected cases were found for the minor allele in FGFR2 (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.30‐1.59, p‐value = 1.24 × 10−12) and for TNRC9 (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.19‐1.46, p‐value = 1.54 × 10−7). Most intriguing, however, were the ORs for homozygous carriers from high‐risk families for FGFR2 (OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.68–2.51, LSP1 (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.28–0.86) and TNRC9 (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.27–2.07). Moreover, the additional validation of 99 CGEMS‐SNPs identified putative novel susceptibility alleles within the LSP1 gene (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.61–0.87, p‐value = 5.23 × 10−4). Finally, we provide evidence for the first time that a low‐risk variant located at 6q22.33 (rs6569479) is associated with estrogen receptor negative BC in familial cases (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.06–1.66; p‐value = 0.012). Our data confirm the impact of the previously identified susceptibility loci and provide preliminary evidence for novel susceptibility loci in familial BC cases and correlate them to specific histopathological subtypes defined by estrogen receptor status.
Overexpression of IQGAP1 in advanced colorectal cancer correlates with poor prognosis—critical role in tumor invasion
Authors: Hayashi Hiroyuki , Nabeshima Kazuki , Aoki Mikiko , Hamasaki Makoto , Enatsu Sotaro , Yamauchi Yasushi , Yamashita Yuichi , Iwasaki Hiroshi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIQGAP1 is a multifunctional protein involved in actin cytoskeleton assembly and E‐cadherin‐mediated cell adhesion. We reported previously IQGAP1 overexpression in human colorectal carcinomas especially at the invasion front (IF) and that such overexpression tended to correlate with lymph node metastasis in advanced cases. Thus, in this study, we investigated the clinicopathological significance of IQGAP1 expression in 85 cases of pT2–3 colorectal carcinomas with special reference to its expression pattern and prognosis, followed by analysis of the role of IQGAP1 in cancer invasion in vitro. Quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR showed significant upregulation of IQGAP1 in colorectal carcinomas compared with normal mucosa. Immunohistochemically, IQGAP1 expression pattern was classified into diffuse (20%), IF‐associated (35.3%) and focal (44.7%). The diffuse pattern was associated with higher rates of distant metastasis. Patients with IQGAP1 overexpression and diffuse pattern had significantly shorter survival (p < 0.0001) than others, and the diffuse pattern was an independent predictor of poor survival by multivariate analysis. In vitro invasion assays using three human colon carcinoma cell lines showed that IQGAP1 siRNA significantly suppressed hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)‐stimulated cell invasion. HGF reduced membranous localization of α‐catenin, but did not alter localization of E‐cadherin, β‐catenin and IQGAP1 in membranes. Suppression of IQGAP1 expression by siRNA did not alter membranous localization of α‐catenin even in the presence of HGF. Our results indicate that IQGAP1 plays a critical role in colon cancer cell invasion, and therefore diffuse and high expression of IQGAP1 predicts poor prognosis in patients with colorectal carcinoma.
High frequency of tumor‐infiltrating FOXP3+ regulatory T cells predicts improved survival in mismatch repair‐proficient colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Frey Daniel M. , Droeser Raoul A. , Viehl Carsten T. , Zlobec Inti , Lugli Alessandro , Zingg Urs , Oertli Daniel , Kettelhack Christoph , Terracciano Luigi , Tornillo Luigi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Treg) inhibit the generation of host‐versus‐tumor immunity via suppression of tumor‐specific effector T‐cell responses and development of immune tolerance to neoplastic cells. The transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is an intracellular key molecule for Treg development and function and is considered to represent the most specific Treg cell marker. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and prognostic impact of tumor‐infiltrating FOXP3+ Treg in colorectal cancer (CRC) stratified by mismatch‐repair (MMR) status. Using the tissue microarray technique, 1,420 tumor samples were immunohistochemically stained for FOXP3 and stratified into 1,197 MMR‐proficient and 223 MMR‐deficient CRCs. Additionally, the 1,197 MMR‐proficient CRCs were randomized into 2 subgroups (Test Groups 1 and 2; n = 613 and 584, respectively). In both MMR‐proficient CRC subgroups high frequency tumor‐infiltrating FOXP3+ Treg was associated with early T stage (p = 0.001 and <0.001), tumor location (p = 0.01 and 0.045) and increased 5‐year survival rate (p = 0.004 and <0.001), whereas in MMR‐deficient CRCs an association between FOXP3+ Treg and absence of lymph node involvement (p = 0.023), absence of vascular invasion (p = 0.023) and improved 5‐year survival rate (p = 0.029) could be detected. In a multivariable analysis including age, gender, T stage, N stage, tumor grade, vascular invasion, and tumor border configuration, a high FOXP3+ Treg frequency was an independent prognostic factor in both MMR‐proficient CRC subsets (p = 0.019 and p = 0.007), but not in the MMR‐deficient CRCs (p = 0.13). Therefore, high frequency of tumor‐infiltrating FOXP3+ Treg is associated with early T stage and independently predicts improved disease‐specific survival in MMR‐proficient CRC patients.
Rapamycin enhances chemotherapy‐induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting the expressions of TS and ERK in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Shigematsu Hideo , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Sanada Yuichi , Osada Shinnji , Takahashi Takao , Wada Yoshiyuki , Konishi Kazuo , Okada Morihito , Fukushima Masakazu 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe have previously reported the synergistic cytotoxic effects of Docetaxel (TXT) and S‐1 in gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo, and the combination regimen is now under phase III clinical trail. In this study, to elucidate whether the rapamycin, the inhibitor of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamaycin), can enhance the potentiation of TXT and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu) in gastric carcinoma cells. Rapamycin inhibited the growth of TMK‐1, MKN‐28, MKN‐45 and MKN‐74 cell lines by MTT assay, and it demonstrated the cytostatic effects as G1 arrest shown by flowcytometry. However, the cytotoxic effects of 5‐Fu, TXT and cisplatin were enhanced by 2 to 4 times with the concomitant administration of rapamycin. To clarify the mechanism of the potentiation, the expression changes of the enzymes relating DNA metabolism and cell growth signal transduction pathways were examined by western blot analysis. Interestingly, the expression of thymidilate synthase was markedly decreased by the administration of rapamycin in TMK‐1 cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, rapamycin decreased the phosphorylation of 4E‐BP1, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and enhanced the phosphorylation of c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase, and the activation of caspase of apoptotic pathways in combination with TXT. These results strongly indicate that the mTOR inhibitor can enhance the potentiation of TXT and 5‐Fu or S‐1 and can serve as a new therapeutic tool for advanced and recurrent gastric cancer patients.
SMAD4: a predictive marker of PDAC cell permissiveness for oncolytic infection with parvovirus H‐1PV
Authors: Dempe Sebastian , Stroh‐Dege Alexandra Y. , Schwarz Elisabeth , Rommelaere Jean , Dinsart Christiane 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents the eighth frequent solid tumor and fourth leading cause of cancer death. Because current treatments against PDAC are still unsatisfactory, new anticancer strategies are required, including oncolytic viruses. Among these, autonomous parvoviruses (PV), like MVMp (minute virus of mice) and H‐1PV are being explored as candidates for cancer gene therapy. Human PDAC cell lines were identified to display various susceptibilities to an infection with H‐1PV. The correlation between the integrity of the transcription factor SMAD4, mutated in 50% of all PDAC, and H‐1PV permissiveness was particularly striking. Indeed, mutation or deletion of SMAD4 dramatically reduced the activity of the P4 promoter and, consequently, the accumulation of the pivotal NS1 protein. By means of DNA affinity immunoblotting, novel binding sites for SMAD4 and c‐JUN transcription factors could be identified in the P4 promoter of H‐1PV. The overexpression of wild‐type SMAD4 in deficient cell lines (AsPC‐1, Capan‐1) stimulated the activity of the P4 promoter, whereas interference of endogenous SMAD4 function with a dominant‐negative mutant decreased the viral promoter activity in wild‐type SMAD4‐expressing cells (Panc‐1, MiaPaCa‐2) reducing progeny virus production. In conclusion, the importance of members of the SMAD family for H‐1PV early promoter P4 activity should guide us to select SMAD4‐positive PDACs, which may be possible targets for an H‐1PV‐based cancer therapy.
The role of human papillomavirus in the increased incidence of base of tongue cancer
Authors: Attner Per , Du Juan , Näsman Anders , Hammarstedt Lalle , Ramqvist Torbjörn , Lindholm Johan , Marklund Linda , Dalianis Tina , Munck‐Wikland Eva 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNumerous reports have shown that the incidence for oropharyngeal cancer is increasing and that human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor. However, few studies have investigated the specific subsites of the oropharynx. Following our previous research on tonsillar cancer, we assessed the increase in the incidence of base of tongue cancer and the prevalence of HPV in this disease. Between 1998 and 2007, 109 patients were diagnosed for base of tongue cancer in Stockholm county. Ninety‐five paraffin‐embedded diagnostic tumor biopsies from patients were obtained and tested for HPV, both by general HPV PCR and HPV‐16/HPV‐33 type‐specific PCR. Expression of HPV‐16 RNA was analyzed to confirm E6 and/or E7 expression. Incidence data were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry. An overall increase in the incidence of base of tongue cancer from 0.15/100,000 person‐years during 1970–1974 to 0.47/100,000 person‐years during 2005–2007 was found in Sweden. The prevalence of HPV in base of tongue cancer in Stockholm county increased from 58% during 1998–2001 to 84% during 2004–2007 (p < 0.05). In the HPV‐positive tumors, HPV‐16 dominated (86%) but interestingly, HPV33 was detected in as many as 10%. E6 and/or E7 RNA were found in 85% of the samples tested. The incidence of base of tongue cancer, as well as the proportion of HPV‐positive tumors, has increased in Sweden during the study period, suggesting that HPV may contribute to this increase.
Surface complexation modeling of soluble molybdenum adsorption by Mn3O4
Authors: Zhao Zhongwei , Liu Jing , Xia Wentang , Cao Caifang , Chen Xingyu , Li Honggui 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Mo is a harmful element that should strictly be limited in electrolytic manganese dioxide but can readily be removed by Mn3O4. However, as its adsorption mechanism is not yet clear the aims of this work are to clarify the absorption phenomena and specific reaction processes of Mo onto Mn3O4.RESULTS: Some theoretical parameters have been obtained: the total surface site density and protonation constants (NT = 6.84 × 10−3 mol g−1, $K_{a1}^{\rm {int}} = 2.0 \times 10^{-5}$, $K_{a2}^{\rm {int}} = 1.49 \times 10^{-10}$) were obtained by non‐linear data fitting of acid‐base titrations. Distribution of soluble Mo species derived from thermodynamic calculations showed that the concentration of poly‐molybdenum acid ion was extraordinarily low and could be ignored when the concentration of soluble Mo was 1 mg L−1. The adsorption isotherm followed the Freundlich adsorption equation. Under the conditions V = 0.15 L, W = 2 g L−1, [Mo]T = 1.12 mg L−1, T = 80 °C, P = 1.013 × 105 Pa, 1.0 mol L−1 MnSO4 and pH range 1–6.5, the non‐electrostatic model (NEM) was used to quantify Mo adsorption.CONCLUSION: The surface adsorption complexation modeling of Mo onto Mn3O4 can be successfully applied to predict adsorption rates of Mo onto Mn3O4 at different pH values, with an absolute error less than 6%. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Conservative management of an extensive renal graft subcapsular hematoma arising during living donor nephrectomy. Role of Doppler sonographic posttransplant follow‐up
Authors: Salgado Octavio J. , Vidal Angela M. , Semprun Prospera , Garcia Rafael 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe report a case of subcapsular hematoma (SH) of a kidney graft arising during minimal‐incision living‐donor nephrectomy. SH covered at least two‐thirds of the cortical surface. Capsulotomy was not done because it was deemed too risky. In the immediate postoperative period, a rapid deterioration of graft function was observed associated with Doppler sonographic evidence of graft compression. However, in the following days, spontaneous resolution of SH and progressive improvement of Doppler findings was observed, which preceded full recovery of graft function. Conservative management seemed a valid approach of this complication in this case where Doppler sonography proved essential for the follow‐up. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Decentralised and cooperative aid provision with short‐term and long‐term aid
Authors: Strand Jon 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe analyze two donors providing long‐ and short‐run aid to one receiving (poor) country, and who may give aid in coordinated or non‐coordinated fashion. An elite controls receiver policy, and diverts resources away from a poor target group. When strategic moves are simultaneous, there is excessive wasteful short‐run aid diversion, which could be made worse by donor cooperation. When donors move first, aid is lower, donor utility is higher, and donors should always cooperate. Investments, by the receiving country and due to long‐term aid, is greater and the solution more efficient when investments are complements than when they are substitutes. The model characterizes donors that may be considered as “gullible”, or as “skeptical”. The former type gives generously but its aid is largely wasted; the latter gives less aid, but also wastes less. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of osteoarthritis in hips with femoroacetabular impingement using delayed gadolinium enhanced MRI of cartilage
Authors: Jessel Rebecca H. , Zilkens Christoph , Tiderius Carl , Dudda Marcel , Mamisch Tallal Charles , Kim Young‐Jo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPurposeTo determine the feasibility of assessing early osteoarthritis (OA) in hips with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) using delayed Gadolinium enhanced MRI of Cartilage (dGEMRIC).Materials and MethodsThirty‐seven hips in 30 patients who had a dGEMRIC scan and radiographic evidence of FAI were identified. Clinical symptoms were assessed. Radiographic measurements were performed to determine acetabular and femoral morphology. The severity of radiographic OA was determined using Tönnis grade and minimum joint space width (JSW). On MRI, the alpha angle was measured on the sagittal oblique slices. Correlations between dGEMRIC index, patient symptoms, morphologic measurements, radiographic OA, and age were determined.ResultsSignificant correlations were observed between dGEMRIC index, pain (P < 0.05), and alpha angle (P < 0.05). The correlation of dGEMRIC with alpha angle suggests that hips with more femoral deformity show signs of early OA.ConclusionThe results of osteoplasty for FAI depend on the amount of pre‐existing OA in the joint. dGEMRIC may be a useful technique for diagnosis and staging of early osteoarthritis in hips with impingement. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:1110–1115. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of methods to assess quadriceps muscle volume using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Nordez Antoine , Jolivet Erwan , Südhoff Ingrid , Bonneau Dominique , de Guise Jacques A. , Skalli Wafa 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPurposeTo compare the precision of four methods to estimate the volume of quadriceps muscles using axial MRI.Materials and MethodsEntire legs of 10 healthy young subjects were scanned using a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner and 4‐mm‐thick sections without any gaps. Quadriceps muscles were outlined on all of the slices to obtain the MRI reference standard measure of quadriceps muscle volume. This MRI reference standard was compared with the volume estimated using (i) the truncated cone formula, (ii) the Cavalieri method, (iii) a cubic spline interpolation of missing cross sectional areas, and, (iv) the deformation of a parametric specific object. For each method, 3 to 21 slices were used.ResultsThe average volume error was significantly (P < 0.001) different in comparing the four methods (4.4%, 2.3%, 1.1%, and 1.2%, respectively). In addition, the number of slices required to reach a given volume error was significantly (P < 0.001) different across all methods (respectively, 12, 9, 5, and 7 slices required to reach a volume error of 1.1%).ConclusionWhile methods based on interpolation and deformation of a parametric specific object have not been used in literature, these two methods are the most precise approaches to reach a given level of precision. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:1116–1123. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.