bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dark side of artificial intelligence: threats to tourism workers
Authors: Hamarat Handan , Sahin Haydar , Koç Apuhan Ayşe , İnan Ramazan 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThis study aims to conduct research by making use of studies investigating the negative effects of artificial intelligence on the future careers and work motivation of tourism employees.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, a literature review, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The study was completed by using a total of 13 articles and two book chapters investigating the negative aspects of artificial intelligence in the research data Science Direct and Web of Science databases as the main references.FindingsIn the articles examined as a result of the research, it was predicted that the entry of artificial intelligence into the tourism sector poses a threat to the future careers of many tourism employees, and this will cause tourism employees to lose their focus and motivation at work. Another conclusion reached as a result of the research is that many tourism workers will be unemployed in the future due to artificial intelligence-supported information systems and robots.Originality/valueWhen the literature was reviewed, there was no research that directly examined the negative effects of artificial intelligence on tourism sector employees. Therefore, this research is unique and important in this respect.
Depth imaging of multicomponent seismic data through the application of 2D full‐waveform inversion to P‐ and SH‐wave data: SEAM II Barrett model study
Authors: Liu Youfang , Simmons James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe examine the value of the nine‐component seismic survey by generating the Kirchhoff depth migration images of compressional wave (P‐wave), converted wave (PS‐wave) and horizontally polarized shear wave (SH shear wave) data simulated from the SEAM II Barrett unconventional model. We first utilize full waveform inversion to obtain a P‐wave velocity model from P‐wave data and an S‐wave velocity model from SH‐wave data. Both P‐wave and SH‐wave data are generated with the maximum frequency of 20 Hz while assuming that the subsurface is isotropic. To implement full waveform inversion, we use a two‐dimensional time‐domain finite‐difference method and the L2 norm to measure the data misfit. We use both refractions and reflections in P‐ and SH‐wave data to reconstruct the P‐ and S‐wave velocity models from the surface to the reservoir. The inverted P‐ and S‐wave velocities contain the main features of the model (e.g., major faults and channels) but have some difficulties in estimating high‐frequency velocity variation within the first 300‐m depth of the model due to the frequency constraint. We then use the inverted P‐ and S‐wave velocities to generate Kirchhoff depth migration gathers and images from the P‐, PS‐ and SH‐wave data. The flat P‐ and SH‐wave common‐image offset gathers suggest that SH‐ and P‐wave full waveform inversion can generate adequate S‐ and P‐wave velocities for migration. Flat PS‐wave gathers and the clear PS‐wave migration image are also obtained using the inverted P‐ and S‐wave velocities simultaneously. This result indicates that obtaining S‐wave velocities from SH‐wave data can aid PS‐wave data processing and imaging. Moreover, the SH‐wave images and S‐wave images of the radial component provide better delineation of fault planes and small‐scale geobodies within the reservoir since the wavelength of the S‐wave is smaller compared to P‐wave when similar frequency ranges are recorded. Therefore, our study shows that S‐wave velocities can be successfully constructed by the two‐dimensional full waveform inversion application of the SH‐wave data. The subsequent imaging of multicomponent seismic data improves the delineation of certain unconventional reservoirs compared to the traditional P‐wave imaging.
LncRNA AC100826.1 regulated PLCB1 to promote progression in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Dai Shenhui , Wang Qiao , Lyu Yin , Chen Zhipeng , Liu Xiucheng , Zhao Guoqing , Zhang Hao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the most common malignant tumor. In the present study, we identified a long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) AC100826.1 (simplify to Lnc1), which was highly expressed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues compared with the paracancerous tissues. We also observed the critical role of Lnc1 in regulating the metastasis ability of NSCLC cells.MethodsRNA sequencing was performed to detect differential expression levels of lncRNAs in NSCLC tissues and its paracancerous tissues. Effects of Lnc1 on cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were determined by CCK‐8, transwell and scratch assays. The xenograft experiment confirmed the effect of Lnc1 on NSCLC cells proliferation and migration abilities in vivo. RT‐qPCR and western blots were performed to determine the expression levels of mRNAs and proteins.ResultsThe expression level of Lnc1 was related to multiple pathological results, knockdown of Lnc1 can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis abilities of NSCLC cells. silencing phospholipase C, β1(PLCB1) can reverse the promoting effects of overexpression Lnc1 on NSCLC cells proliferation and migration abilities. In addition, the Rap1 signaling pathway was implicated in the regulation of Lnc1 in NSCLC metastasis.ConclusionOur results suggest that Lnc1 regulated the metastatic ability of NSCLC cells through targeting the PLCB1/Rap1 signal pathway.
COVID‐19 vaccination in pregnancy: A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the effect of strong public health messaging in an Australian cohort
Authors: Malone Sarah , Walsh Siobhan , Butters Zoe , Seiler Ashleigh , Unterscheider Julia 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundSARS‐CoV‐2 infection in pregnancy predisposes women and their offspring to adverse health outcomes, while internationally reported rates of vaccination uptake remain low. Our study objective was to quantify the uptake of COVID‐19 vaccination in pregnant women, and to assess their attitudes toward vaccination in pregnancy with both quantitative and qualitative analyses.Materials and methodsThis is a prospective, cross‐sectional survey at Australia's largest quaternary level maternity centre. A total of 351 pregnant women, at 6–42 weeks gestation receiving antenatal care at our hospital, completed an online voluntary, anonymous, 17 question survey. This was conducted during a five‐week period in November to December 2021. The main outcome measures were demographic data, prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 vaccination status, knowledge and attitudes surrounding COVID‐19 disease and vaccination in pregnancy.ResultsHigh rates of COVID‐19 vaccination were observed in this pregnant population. Of the 351 respondents, 82% had received at least one dose of the COVID 19‐vaccination. This increased compared to estimates of 15% in June 2021 which were obtained from the hospital's electronic health record.ConclusionsOur survey demonstrates that a strong public health campaign with clear messaging regarding the beneficial effects of COVID‐19 vaccination in pregnancy can lead to high vaccination uptake rates.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes in nulliparous women with a booking body mass index exceeding 50 kg/m2
Authors: Shepherdson Mia , Koch Ashlee , Gheysen Willem , Beare Elizabeth , Ardui Jan 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundWomen with a body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m2 carry an increased obstetric risk; however, the experience of the Class IV and above obese nulliparous women is less understood.AimsTo describe maternal and perinatal outcomes in nulliparous women of booking BMI > 50 kg/m2.Materials and methodsA cohort study of 48 nulliparous women who delivered between 2015 and 2019 in a tertiary hospital and had a booking BMI > 50 kg/m2. Obstetric outcome data was collated via electronic and written patient records. The relationship between mode of delivery and BMI was assessed using direct logistic regression. Multiple pregnancies and severe congenital malformations (n = 3) were excluded.ResultsThe mean booking BMI was 53.7 kg/m2 (SD 4.05) and mean maternal age was 30.4 years (SD = 5.7). Comorbidities included asthma (43%), essential hypertension (20%) and diabetes (61%). Antenatally, accuracy was compromised in 80% of morphology scans (n = 35). In the perinatal period, 33 women (68.8%) were induced compared to a spontaneous onset of labour in two (4.1%) women. There were nine elective caesarean sections (CS), five of which were for breech presentation. Of those who intended on vaginal delivery (n = 35), 51% (n = 18) had an emergency CS. In these women, the risk of CS increased by a factor of 1.36 for every one point increase in BMI > 50 kg/m2. The average gestational age was 37.5 weeks (SD 2.4) with 14% (n = 6) experiencing preterm deliveries. The incidence of babies born >90th percentile for gestational age was 15 (34%).ConclusionIncreased BMI impairs maternal and perinatal outcomes and significantly increases the risk of emergency CS. BMI > 50 kg/m2 is associated with higher‐level interventions and obstetric complications.
Electroacupuncture regulates Rab5a‐mediating NGF transduction to improve learning and memory ability in the early stage of AD mice
Authors: Li Jianhong , Yang Minguang , Dai Yaling , Guo Xiaoqin , Ding Yanyi , Li Xiaoling , Zhang Shenghang , Xu Wenshan , Chen Lidian , Tao Jing , Liu Weilin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsNerve growth factor (NGF) loss is a potential factor for the degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Rab5a is a key regulatory molecule of NGF signaling transduction. Here, we investigated the changes of Rab5a in 5 × FAD mice and further explored the mechanism of Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment in improving cognition in the early stage of AD.MethodsThe total Rab5a and Rab5a‐GTP in 5‐month‐old 5 × FAD mice and wild‐type mice were detected using WB and IP technologies. 5 × FAD mice were treated with EA at the Bai hui (DU20) and Shen ting (DU24) acupoints for 4 weeks and CRE/LOXP technology was used to confirm the role of Rab5a in AD mediated by EA stimulation. The Novel Object Recognition and Morris water maze tests were used to evaluate the cognitive function of 5 × FAD mice. The Nissl, immunohistochemistry, and Thioflavin S staining were used to observe pathological morphological changes in the basal forebrain circuit. The Golgi staining was used to investigate the synaptic plasticity of the basal forebrain circuit and WB technology was used to detect the expression levels of cholinergic‐related and NGF signal‐related proteins.ResultsThe total Rab5a was unaltered, but Rab5a‐GTP increased and the rab5a‐positive early endosomes appeared enlarged in the hippocampus of 5 × FAD mice. Notably, EA reduced Rab5a‐GTP in the hippocampus in the early stage of 5 × FAD mice. EA could improve object recognition memory and spatial learning memory by reducing Rab5a activity in the early stage of 5 × FAD mice. Moreover, EA could reduce Rab5a activity to increase NGF transduction and increase the levels of phosphorylated TrkA, AKT, and ERK in the basal forebrain and hippocampus, and increase the expression of cholinergic‐related proteins, such as ChAT, vAchT, ChT1, m1AchR, and m2AchR in the basal forebrain and ChAT, m1AchR, and m2AchR in the hippocampus, improving synaptic plasticity in the basal forebrain hippocampal circuit in the early stage of 5 × FAD mice.ConclusionsRab5a hyperactivation is an early pathological manifestation of 5 × FAD mice. EA could suppress Rab5a‐GTP to promote the transduction of NGF signaling, and enhance the synaptic plasticity of the basal forebrain hippocampal circuit improving cognitive impairment in the early stage of 5 × FAD mice.
Glucagon‐like‐peptide 1 receptor agonism and attempted suicide: A Mendelian randomisation study to assess a potential causal association
Authors: Nguyen Anthony , Smith Emily , Hashemy Habiba , Agarwal Sri Mahavir , Hahn Margaret K. , Paterson Andrew D. , Dash Satya 
Published: May 2024

SummaryGlucagon‐like‐peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RA) have transformed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity management. Multiple regulatory agencies are investigating reported associations between GLP1‐RA and increased suicide attempts (SA), but observational data may be prone to confounding. Randomised control trials (RCT) of GLP‐1RA were largely undertaken in people at lower risk of SA. Real‐world data suggest semaglutide use associates with reduced suicidal ideation and depression but was under‐powered to statistically assess risk of SA. Mendelian randomisation (MR) leverages genetic instrument(s) to infer potential causal association between an exposure and an outcome. We undertook MR using missense variants in the gene encoding GLP1R that improve glycemia, lower T2D risk and/or lower BMI, to investigate potential causal association between GLP‐1RA and SA. In people of European ancestry, MR did not find evidence genetically proxied GLP1RA increased SA in a general population cohort: (rs10305492, exposure: HbA1c, odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38, 0.41–4.62, p = .60), (rs10305492, exposure: FG, OR 1.27, 0.52–3.13, p = .60) and (rs1042044, exposure BMI, OR 0.30, 0.06–1.48) with concordant results in a multi‐ancestry SA case–control cohort. In conclusion, we did not find MR evidence that increased GLP‐1RA impacts SA. This awaits confirmation with RCT and real‐world data.
Community structure of parasitoids attacking Schizomyia sasakii (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and local adaptation of the gall midge in the Izu region
Authors: Fujii Tomohisa , Matsuo Kazunori , Yukawa Junichi , Kiritani Keizi , Abe Yoshihisa , Tokuda Makoto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInsect community structures and biological interactions vary with the distance from the mainland to islands. Gall inducers are key organisms in local arthropod communities because their galls harbor diverse arthropods. We investigated the parasitoid community of a gall‐inducing cecidomyiid Schizomyia sasakii on the Izu Peninsula and the Izu Islands, Japan. We examined relationships between parasitism by Inostemma sp. and Torymus hirtipennis, and gall characteristics, and analyzed the directional selection on gall characteristics induced by S. sasakii in each locality. The species richness of parasitoids on the Izu Islands decreased with the distance from the Izu Peninsula to each island, and area of respective islands. Inostemma sp. preferably attacked large galls on Ohshima Island, and T. hirtipennis tended to attack relatively small galls in the Izu Peninsula. Directional selection on gall characteristics of S. sasakii favored the induction of larger galls and thicker tissues by S. sasakii on Ohshima Island. In contrast, no directional selection was detected in the gall characteristics on Hachijojima Island. The number of alternative host species of parasitoid may affect variation in parasitoid richness of S. sasakii on distant and small islands, because the species richness of gall midges is necessary to maintain local parasitoid populations. Our study supported the ovipositor limitation hypothesis for the torymid species, related to gall size. The directional selection of parasitoid attacks on the Izu Islands may act to favor the induction of large and hypertrophic galls by S. sasakii to avoid the parasitoids.
Une hiérarchie à l’écoute encourage la prise de parole promotrice
Authors: SNOEP‐DELLEMAN Arjuna , AKKERMAN Agnes , SLUITER Roderick , MANEVSKA Katerina 
Published: May 2024

RésuméLes auteurs explorent la relation entre deux formes individuelles de prise de parole, l'une revendicative, par laquelle les travailleurs défendent leurs propres intérêts, et l'autre promotrice, par laquelle ils agissent pour ceux de leur entreprise. Ils font appel à la modélisation par équations structurelles et à des données sur le comportement de prise de parole des travailleurs aux Pays‐Bas (N = 3 159) et constatent que la réaction du supérieur hiérarchique à la prise de parole revendicative a un effet indirect sur la prise de parole promotrice. Autrement dit, l'expérience vécue par les travailleurs lorsqu'ils défendent leurs intérêts influe sur leur contribution au fonctionnement de l'organisation.
Evaluation of the main disorders and microbiota of the oral cavity of capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) under human care
Authors: Pires Sabrina Fracascio , Silva Maira Beatriz Gandolfi , Portilho Fábio Vinícius Ramos , de Lima Paz Patrik Junior , Beltrán Urrego Ana Camila , Ribeiro Márcio Garcia , Rahal Sheila Canevese , Okamoto Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães , Okamoto Adriano Sakai , Melchert Alessandra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough critical to the overall condition of animals under human care, there is still limited information about oral health in neotropical primates.MethodsWe analyzed the main oral conditions and microbiota using mass spectrometry from 13 capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) under human care. The findings were registered on odontograms following the Triadan system.ResultsThe most prevalent conditions were dental fractures (n = 9), mainly enamel fractures, and periodontal disease (n = 8), mainly grade 1 calculi. When exanimating teeth, alterations were identified in 90 out of the 416 evaluated pieces, being periodontal disease the most common (n = 60), followed by enamel fracture (n = 15) and missing teeth (n = 10). In the oral microbiota analyses, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species were the most prevalent, although no obvious association was observed between isolated organisms and oral conditions.ConclusionsThese findings hold the potential to prevent oral disorders, including fractures and periodontal diseases, contribute to molecular identification of oral microbiota, and to improve the well‐being of primates under human care.
Longitudinal myelin content measures of slowly expanding lesions using 7T MRI in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Huerta Mina M. , Conway Devon S. , Planchon Sarah M. , Thoomukuntla Bhaskar , Se‐Hong Oh , Sakaie Ken E. , Ontaneda Daniel , Nakamura Kunio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeSlowly expanding lesions (SELs) are thought to represent a subset of chronic active lesions and have been associated with clinical disability, severity, and disease progression. The purpose of this study was to characterize SELs using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures related to myelin and neurite density on 7 Tesla (T) MRI.MethodsThe study design was retrospective, longitudinal, observational cohort with multiple sclerosis (n = 15). Magnetom 7T scanner was used to acquire magnetization‐prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient echo and advanced MRI including visualization of short transverse relaxation time component (ViSTa) for myelin, quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) for myelin, and neurite orientation dispersion density imaging (NODDI). SELs were defined as lesions showing ≥12% of growth over 12 months on serial MRI. Comparisons of quantitative measures in SELs and non‐SELs were performed at baseline and over time. Statistical analyses included two‐sample t‐test, analysis of variance, and mixed‐effects linear model for MRI metrics between lesion types.ResultsA total of 1075 lesions were evaluated. Two hundred twenty‐four lesions (21%) were SELs, and 216 (96%) of the SELs were black holes. At baseline, compared to non‐SELs, SELs showed significantly lower ViSTa (1.38 vs. 1.53, p < .001) and qMT (2.47 vs. 2.97, p < .001) but not in NODDI measures (p > .27). Longitudinally, only ViSTa showed a greater loss when comparing SEL and non‐SEL (p = .03).ConclusionsSELs have a lower myelin content relative to non‐SELs without a difference in neurite measures. SELs showed a longitudinal decrease in apparent myelin water fraction reflecting greater tissue injury.
Clinicopathological characteristics and diagnostic accuracy of BRAF mutations in ameloblastoma: A Bayesian network analysis
Authors: Zhang Ao‐Bo , Zhang Jian‐Yun , Liu Yu‐Ping , Wang Shuo , Bai Jia‐Ying , Sun Li‐Sha , Li Tie‐Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis Bayesian network meta‐analysis was performed to analyze the associations between clinicopathological characteristics and BRAF mutations in ameloblastoma (AM) patients and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy.Materials and MethodsFour electronic databases were searched from 2010 to 2024. The search terms used were specific to BRAF and AM. Observational studies or randomized controlled trials were considered eligible. The incidence of BRAF mutation and corresponding clinicopathological features in AM patients were subjected to Bayesian network analyses and diagnostic accuracy evaluation.ResultsA total of 937 AM patients from 20 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of BRAF mutations in AM patients was 72%. According to the Bayesian network analysis, BRAF mutations are more likely to occur in younger (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; credible interval [CrI]: 1.2–4.5), mandible site (OR, 3.6; 95% CrI: 2.7–5.2), and unicystic (OR, 1.6; 95% CrI: 1.1–2.4) AM patients. Similarly, higher diagnostic accuracy was found in the younger, mandible, and unicystic AM groups.ConclusionsThe incidence, risk, and diagnostic accuracy of BRAF mutation in AM were greater in younger patients, those with mandible involvement, and those with unicystic AM than in patients with other clinicopathological features. In addition, there was a strong concordance in the diagnostic accuracy between molecular tests and immunohistochemical analysis.
Introduction to the special issue “Productivity revolutions: Past and future”
Authors: Palma Nuno 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe may be living at the dawn of a productivity revolution era brought about by modern science and technological improvements. The six research papers published in this special issue of The Manchester School, titled “Productivity Revolutions: Past and Future,” provide us with lessons on how economies and societies have dealt with the challenges posed by such revolutions.
Premature agglomeration?: Two phases of development with spatial sorting
Authors: Forslid Rikard , Okubo Toshihiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClusters in the developing world do, to a large extent, attract low‐educated individuals, and these clusters are in some cases, characterized by urbanization without industrialization. This contrasts starkly to clusters in advanced economies that attract high‐skilled individuals and entrepreneurs. In this paper, we develop a model of agglomeration and spatial sorting that is consistent with these two types of different agglomeration processes in developed and developing countries. We show that a poor country that has an agglomeration with low skilled individuals, may get stuck in this equilibrium, but that free mobility of human capital from the outset nevertheless is superior from the perspective of total social welfare.