bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity and Potential Use of Marine Macroalgae From the Offshore Oil Platforms in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Lopez‐Bautista J. M. , Fredericq S. , Chapman R. L. , Waters D. A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the north‐western Gulf of Mexico, more than 3000 oil and gas platforms are supporting a significant community of marine organisms in an area wherein natural hard substrata are scarce. This preliminary study is designed to provide information on the algal component in terms of species diversity of marine red, brown and green macroalgae and cyanobacteria colonizing these artificial reefs. The vertical, horizontal and seasonal distribution and relative abundance are being documented. Taxonomic results are being evaluated for potential use of some of the algae present as sources of natural products for the biotechnological industry. The island character of this steel archipelago in the north‐western Gulf of Mexico provides an ideal environment to test biogeographical relationships with adjacent floras. This research is supported in part by the Minerals Management Service, US Department of the Interior.
Modelling of Peripheral Fluid Accumulation after a Crystalloid Bolus in Female Volunteers – A Mathematical Study
Authors: Rodhe Peter , Drobin Dan , Hahn Robert G. , Wennberg Bernt , Lindahl Christina , Sjöstrand Fredrik , Svensen Christer H. 
Published: October 2010

Objective. To simultaneously model plasma dilution and urinary output in female volunteers.Methods. Ten healthy female non‐pregnant volunteers, aged 21–39 years (mean 29), with a bodyweight of 58–67 kg (mean 62.5 kg) participated. No oral fluid or food was allowed between midnight and completion of the experiment. The protocol included an infusion of acetated Ringer′s solution, 25 ml/kg over 30 min. Blood samples (4 ml) were taken every 5 min during the first 120 min, and thereafter the sampling rate was every 10 min until the end of the experiment at 240 min. A standard bladder catheter connected to a drip counter to monitor urine excretion continuously was used. The data were analysed by empirical calculations as well as by a mathematical model.Results. Maximum urinary output rate was found to be 19 (13–31) ml/min. The subjects were likely to accumulate three times as much of the infused fluid peripherally as centrally; 1/μ = 2.7 (2.0–5.7). Elimination efficacy, Eeff, was 24 (5–35), and the basal elimination kb was 1.11 (0.28–2.90). The total time delay Ttot of urinary output
was estimated as 17 (11–31) min.Conclusion. The experimental results showed a large variability in spite of a homogenous volunteer group. It was possible to compute the infusion amount, plasma dilution and simultaneous urinary output for each consecutive time point and thereby the empirical peripheral fluid accumulation. The variability between individuals may be explained by differences in tissue and hormonal responses to fluid boluses, which needs to be further explored.Corrigendum to
“Modelling of Peripheral Fluid Accumulation after a Crystalloid Bolus in Female Volunteers – A Mathematical Study”dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/618653
First Report on the Occurrence of a Virulent Strain of Fusarium Wilt Pathogen (Race-1) Infecting Cavendish (AAA) Group of Bananas in India
Authors: Thangavelu R. , Mustaffa M. M. 
Published: October 2010

Banana wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is one of the most significant threats to banana production worldwide. Strains of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense have been grouped into race-1, -2, or -4 on the basis of differential virulence among different genotypes of banana. In India, though the disease is reported among susceptible varieties of races 1 and 2, the disease is not reported from Cavendish cultivars, which are the differential host to race-4. Recent surveys of the Cumbum areas (Theni District, Tamil Nadu) revealed symptoms (e.g., yellowing and drooping of leaves around the pseudostem and longitudinal splitting of pseudostem) on cv. Grand Naine (Cavendish group – AAA). F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense was recovered and single-spore isolates had characteristic white-to-purple aerial mycelia producing single-celled, oval microconidia in false heads on branched monophialides and sickle-shaped macroconidia with an attenuated apical cell and a foot-shaped basal cell. Pathogenicity was demonstrated on cv. Grand Naine by inoculation with sand maize meal inoculum (20 g per pot containing 106 spores per g). Vegetative compatibility, using 33 nit-M testers of all known vegetative compatibility groups (2), showed that nit-1 mutants generated from a wild strain of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense isolated from cv. Grand Naine formed robust heterokaryons with nit-M tester 0124 of the Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Brisbane, Australia and also with nit-M tester obtained from an isolate of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense from Karpuravalli (Pisang Awak-ABB). Further characterization of this new Cavendish strain was studied on the basis of volatile odor production (3) using VCGs 0125 for race-1 (‘inodoratum group’) and 0120 for race 4 (‘odoratum group’) as positive controls and sterile medium as a negative control. This new F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense strain of Cavendish belonged to ‘inodoratum’ group of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Pathogenicity was demonstrated on potted plants (10 per cultivar) of cvs. Rasthali (Silk-AAB), Karpuravalli (Pisang Awak-ABB), Ney Poovan (AB), Poovan (Mysore-AAB), Red Banana (AAA), Nendran (French plantain-AAB), Monthan (ABB), and Grand Naine (Cavendish-AAA) by inoculation with sand maize meal inoculum (20 g per pot containing 106 spores per g) in three replicate experiments. Plants were uprooted 2 months postinoculation and disease severity was estimated by rating internal vascular discoloration in the corm (1). The result showed that all cultivars, except Red Banana and Nendran, had the highest rating for disease severity, 6. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a virulent strain of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense VCG 0124 of race-1on Cavendish banana. References: (1) J. Carlier et al. Technical Guidelines Number 6. INIBAP, Montpellier, France, 2002. (2) J. C. Correll et al. Phytopathology 77:1640, 1987. (3) N. Y. Moore. Aust. J. Bot 39:161, 1991.
Trajectory classes of heavy episodic drinking among Asian American college students
Authors: Iwamoto Derek K. , Corbin William , Fromme Kim 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAims  Heavy episodic drinking (HED) among Asian Americans is a growing concern. However, little is known about the etiology and developmental patterns of HED among Asian Americans, even though this group is one of the fastest‐growing populations in the United States.Design  Three year longitudinal design.Participants  Sample included 404 Asian American college students transitioning from high school, through the college years.Measurement  Measures included heavy episodic drinking, parental and peer relationships, alcohol expectancies, drinking values, and alcohol‐related problems.Findings  Results from growth‐mixture models (GMM) identified two discrete latent classes of HED comprising 59% of our sample: these trajectory classes (high increasers and low increasers) corresponded to expected changes and stability in well‐established correlates of drinking behaviour, including alcohol‐related problems, personal drinking values and alcohol expectancies. Parental awareness and caring and quality of peer relationships during senior year of high school were associated directly and indirectly with HED class membership.Conclusion  These findings advance the literature by providing information about the developmental course of HED among Asian American young adults. The significant within‐group variability in problematic drinking in this sample highlights the fact that subgroups of high‐risk drinkers can be identified even in relatively low‐risk groups such as Asian Americans.
Revised dose schema of sublingual buprenorphine in the treatment of the neonatal opioid abstinence syndrome
Authors: Kraft Walter K. , Dysart Kevin , Greenspan Jay S. , Gibson Eric , Kaltenbach Karol , Ehrlich Michelle E. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAims  More than half of infants exposed to opioids in utero develop neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) of severity to require pharmacological therapy. Current treatments are associated with prolonged hospitalization. We sought to optimize the dose of sublingual buprenorphine in the treatment of NAS.Design  Randomized, Phase 1, open‐label, active‐control clinical trial comparing sublingual buprenorphine to oral morphine.Setting  Large, urban, tertiary care hospital.Participants  Twenty‐four term infants requiring pharmacological treatment for NAS.Measurements  Outcomes were neonatal safety, length of treatment and length of hospitalization.Findings  Sublingual buprenorphine was safe and effective. Infants treated with buprenorphine had a 23‐day length of treatment compared to 38 days for those treated with morphine (P = 0.01), representing a 40% reduction. Length of hospital stay in the buprenorphine group was reduced 24%, from 42 to 32 days (P = 0.05).Conclusions   Sublingual buprenorphine was safe in NAS, with a substantial efficacy advantage over standard of care therapy with oral morphine.
Successful kidney transplantation after coccidioidal meningitis
Authors: Kokseng S.L. , Blair J.E. 
Published: October 2010

S.L. Kokseng, J.E. Blair. Successful kidney transplantation after coccidioidal meningitis Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 285–289. All rights reservedAbstract: Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection primarily found in residents or visitors to geographic areas where Coccidioides species are endemic, including the southwestern United States, northwestern Mexico, and certain areas of Central and South America. The infection rarely disseminates, but certain populations are at higher risk of dissemination. One population at high risk of disseminated disease is solid organ transplant recipients. At our transplant center in Arizona, patients with proven coccidioidal infection before transplantation undergo thorough counseling about the risks of dissemination and possible death from coccidioidomycosis subsequent to the use of immunosuppressive medications after transplantation. Currently, patients with coccidioidal infection before transplantation are maintained on lifelong infection suppression with triazole therapy. We present the first successful case of a kidney transplant in a patient after treatment for coccidioidal meningitis without post‐transplant reactivation of the coccidioidal infection.
Development of a real‐time PCR method for the identification of wheat genotypes carrying different eyespot resistance genes
Authors: Meyer N. , Lind V. , Karlovsky P. , Zahn M. , Friedt W. , Ordon F. 
Published: October 2010

With 2 figures and 7 tables AbstractEyespot, caused by Oculimacula acuformis and O. yallundae, is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The two pathogens generate similar symptoms and cannot be distinguished visually. In order to distinguish O. acuformis and O. yallundae infections and to identify reliable quantitative differences in the level of resistance of wheat genotypes, two SYBR Green based real‐time PCR assays were developed. The influence of time after inoculation until sample collection, the effect of species (O. acuformis, O. yallundae), and the relevance of wheat cultivars carrying Pch1, Pch2, or none of the resistance genes on the pathogen‐DNA content were analysed. The most clear‐cut difference of pathogen content between resistant and susceptible wheat genotypes was obtained 12 weeks after inoculation with O. yallundae. Growth chamber tests using artificial inoculation with O. yallundae and sampling 12 weeks after inoculation for real‐time PCR is shown to be a reliable procedure to determine the resistance level of wheat against eyespot. Likewise, this is the basis for the development of efficient molecular markers.
Self‐pollination does not affect fruit set or fruit characteristics in almond (Prunus dulcis)
Authors: Martínez‐García Pedro J. , Ortega Encarnación , Dicenta Federico 
Published: October 2010

With 1 figure and 4 tables AbstractSelf‐compatibility has become one of the most important traits in almond breeding programmes. This characteristic allows for the establishment of monovarietal almond orchards with many advantages for the grower. However, there are some uncertainties about the consequences of self‐fertilization regarding productivity and fruit quality. In this work, a new methodology was used to clarify the possible effects of self‐pollination on these parameters. Four different pollination treatments were applied to six self‐compatible almond genotypes by hand‐pollinating flowers on five different branches, so that along each branch the four treatments were distributed homogeneously. The pollinated flowers were later identified with wires of a particular colour for each treatment. Fruit set and fruit characteristics (weight in‐shell, kernel weight, percentage of kernel, percentage of defective kernels, double kernels and split kernels) were studied. With this methodology, results should only be influenced by the pollinator effect. In general, no significant differences were observed between self‐pollination and cross‐pollination for the characteristics studied. These findings demonstrate the absence of negative effects of self‐pollination on these agronomic traits.
A functionally relevant and long‐term model of deep brain stimulation of the rat subthalamic nucleus: advantages and considerations
Authors: Spieles‐Engemann A. L. , Collier T. J. , Sortwell C. E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this review we outline some relevant considerations with regards to the rat model of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS). In order to optimize the rat STN DBS model in terms of predictive validity for the clinical situation we propose that the STN stimulation experimental design parameters in rodents should incorporate the following features: (i) stimulation parameters that demonstrate functional alleviation of symptoms induced by nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) denervation; (ii) stimulation duration that is relatively long‐term and continuous; (iii) stimulation that is initiated at a time when the denervation status of the nigrostriatal system is known to be partial and progressing; (iv) stimulation current spread that is minimized and optimized to closely approximate the clinical situation; (v) the appropriate control conditions are included; and (vi) implantation to the STN target is verified post‐mortem. Further research that examines the effect of long‐term STN DBS on the neurophysiology and neurochemistry of STN circuitry is warranted. The rat model of functionally relevant long‐term STN DBS provides a most favorable preclinical experimental platform in which to conduct these studies.
Ethical brain stimulation – neuroethics of deep brain stimulation in research and clinical practice
Authors: Clausen Jens 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a clinically established procedure for treating severe motor symptoms in patients suffering from end‐stage Parkinson’s disease, dystonia and essential tremor. Currently, it is tested for further indications including psychiatric disorders like major depression and a variety of other diseases. However, ethical issues of DBS demand continuing discussion. Analysing neuroethical and clinical literature, five major topics concerning the ethics of DBS in clinical practice were identified: thorough examination and weighing of risks and benefits; selecting patients fairly; protecting the health of children in paediatric DBS; special issues concerning patients’ autonomy; and the normative impact of quality of life measurements. In exploring DBS for further applications, additionally, issues of research ethics have to be considered. Of special importance in this context are questions such as what additional value is generated by the research, how to realise scientific validity, which patients should be included, and how to achieve an acceptable risk–benefit ratio. Patients’ benefit is central for ethical evaluation. This criterion can outweigh very serious side‐effects, and can make DBS appropriate even in paediatrics. Because standard test procedures evade central aspects of patients’ benefits, measuring quality of life should be supplemented by open in‐depth interviews to provide a more adequate picture of patients’ post‐surgical situation. To examine its entire therapeutic potential, further research in DBS is needed. Studies should be based on solid scientific hypotheses and proceed cautiously to benefit severely suffering patients without putting them to undue risks.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of different modes of insulin pump delivery. A randomized, controlled study comparing subcutaneous and intravenous administration of insulin aspart
Authors: Ihlo C. A. , Lauritzen T. , Sturis J. , Skyggebjerg O. , Christiansen J. S. , Laursen T. 
Published: October 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 230–236 (2011)AbstractAims  To study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of three different modes of insulin infusion delivered by means of an insulin pump: subcutaneous bolus insulin injection once an hour, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous intravenous insulin infusion.Methods  In random order, ten patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus received insulin aspart with subcutaneous bolus insulin injection, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous intravenous insulin infusion. The insulin aspart doses were individualized.Results  A non‐random, sinus‐like variation of serum insulin aspart over time was found with subcutaneous bolus insulin injection compared with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous intravenous insulin infusion (P < 0.0001). Random variation of serum insulin aspart over time was significantly higher with continuous intravenous insulin infusion compared with subcutaneous bolus insulin injection (P = 0.023) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (P = 0.013). Mean serum insulin aspart did not differ significantly between subcutaneous bolus insulin injection, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous intravenous insulin infusion (P = 0.17). Thus, absolute bioavailability was near 100% for both subcutaneous bolus insulin injection and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Statistically significant differences were seen in mean plasma glucose and mean glucose infusion rate, with the highest mean plasma glucose and the lowest mean glucose infusion rate with continuous intravenous insulin infusion, suggesting a slightly lower bioefficacy of continuous intravenous insulin infusion compared with subcutaneous bolus insulin injection and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.Conclusions  Small but statistically significant differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics between subcutaneous bolus insulin injection, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and continuous intravenous insulin infusion were observed. However, no major clinically relevant differences were found, suggesting that, for a basal subcutaneous insulin aspart pump therapy, relatively infrequent pump stroke frequency may suffice.
Diagnosing diabetic foot osteomyelitis: is the combination of probe‐to‐bone test and plain radiography sufficient for high‐risk inpatients?
Authors: Aragón‐Sánchez J. , Lipsky Benjamin A. , Lázaro‐Martínez J. L. 
Published: October 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 191–194 (2011)AbstractAims  To investigate the accuracy of the sequential combination of the probe‐to‐bone test and plain X‐rays for diagnosing osteomyelitis in the foot of patients with diabetes.Methods  We prospectively compiled data on a series of 338 patients with diabetes with 356 episodes of foot infection who were hospitalized in the Diabetic Foot Unit of La Paloma Hospital from 1 October 2002 to 31 April 2010. For each patient we did a probe‐to‐bone test at the time of the initial evaluation and then obtained plain X‐rays of the involved foot. All patients with positive results on either the probe‐to‐bone test or plain X‐ray underwent an appropriate surgical procedure, which included obtaining a bone specimen that was processed for histology and culture. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios of the procedures, using the histopathological diagnosis of osteomyelitis as the criterion standard.Results  Overall, 72.4% of patients had histologically proven osteomyelitis, 85.2% of whom had positive bone culture. The performance characteristics of both the probe‐to‐bone test and plain X‐rays were excellent. The sequential diagnostic approach had a sensitivity of 0.97, specificity of 0.92, positive predictive value of 0.97, negative predictive value of 0.93, positive likelihood ratio of 12.8 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.02. Only 6.6% of patients with negative results on both diagnostic studies had osteomyelitis.Conclusions  Clinicians seeing patients in a setting similar to ours (specialized diabetic foot unit with a high prevalence of osteomyelitis) can confidently diagnose diabetic foot osteomyelitis when either the probe‐to‐bone test or a plain X‐ray, or especially both, are positive.
THE ETHICS OF MANAGING AFFECTIVE AND EMOTIONAL STATES TO IMPROVE INFORMED CONSENT: AUTONOMY, COMPREHENSION, AND VOLUNTARINESS
Authors: BRAUDE HILLEL , KIMMELMAN JONATHAN 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTOver the past several decades the ‘affective revolution’ in cognitive psychology has emphasized the critical role affect and emotion play in human decision‐making. Drawing on this affective literature, various commentators have recently proposed strategies for managing therapeutic expectation that use contextual, symbolic, or emotive interventions in the consent process to convey information or enhance comprehension. In this paper, we examine whether affective consent interventions that target affect and emotion can be reconciled with widely accepted standards for autonomous action. More specifically, the ethics of affective consent interventions is assessed in terms of key elements of autonomy, comprehension and voluntariness. While there may appear to be a moral obligation to manage the affective environment to ensure valid informed consent, in circumstances where volunteers may be prone to problematic therapeutic expectancy, this moral obligation needs to be weighed against the potential risks of human instrumentalization. At this point in time we do not have enough information to be able to justify clearly the programmatic manipulation of human subjects' affective states. The lack of knowledge about affective interventions requires corresponding caution in its ethical justification.