bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous melanoma in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Buja Alessandra , Rugge Massimo , Trevisiol Chiara , Zanovello Anna , Brazzale Alessandra Rosalba , Zorzi Manuel , Vecchiato Antonella , Del Fiore Paolo , Tropea Saveria , Chiarion‐Sileni Vanna , Rossi Carlo Riccardo , Mocellin Simone 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) ranks among the five most common cancers in young people in high‐income countries and it features peculiar clinicopathological traits. Very few studies have addressed the quality of care and the costs for adolescents and young adults (AYA) population.ObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive epidemiological and clinicopathological profile of CMM in AYA. The study also addresses the cost‐of‐illness and the diagnostic‐therapeutic performance indicators by patient age category.MethodsThis population‐based cohort study included 2435 incident CMM (age range 15–65 years; age 15–39 = 394; age 40–65 = 2041), as recorded in 2015, 2017 and 2019 by the Regional Veneto Cancer Registry (Italy). Cramer's‐V tested the strength of association between pairs of variables. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to test the association between age and survival rate. The clinical performance indicators were computed using the Clopper–Pearson exact method.ResultsIn AYA patients (16.2%), CMM incidence rates increased significantly from 1990 to 2019. Low‐stage CMM (p = 0.007), radial growth pattern (p = 0.026) and lower Clark levels (p = 0.007) prevailed; males had less advanced malignancies (p = 0.003), with the trunk as the most common primary site (67.5%); the lower limbs (32.6%) were the most common primary site for females (p < 0.001). Overall survival was better in AYA than adults. No significant difference was detected in the clinical management of the two age groups, with the only exception of the margin in wide local excision. The care costs were lower in AYA (€195.99 vs. €258.94, p = 0.004).ConclusionsIn AYA patients, the CMM clinicopathological presentation shows a distinctive profile. The present results provide critical information for optimizing primary and secondary prevention strategies and for tailoring diagnostic therapeutic procedures to the peculiar profile of AYA CMM patients.
A comparative evaluation of energetic and exergetic performance parameters in syrup purification and evaporation lines
Authors: Piri Ahmad , Fanaei Adel Rezvanivand , Rostampour Vahid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConsidering the global challenges of environmental destruction, limited fossil reserves, and the reduction of the share of energy in the final price of the product, a detailed evaluation of energy‐intensive systems is needed to improve performance. The syrup heating process is one of the basic processes in sugar factories. In this study, the syrup heating system in the purification and evaporation lines, located in the Urmia sugar plant, was evaluated, analyzed, and compared with energy and exergy analysis. Also, the subsystems of the syrup heating process were evaluated with thermodynamic analysis. Mass, energy, and exergy balances were carried out by coding in EES software, and energetic and exergetic operational parameters were extracted. The heat loss rate and exergy destruction rate in the syrup heating system of the purification line were calculated as 121.29 and 404.36 kW, respectively, and in the syrup heating system of the evaporation line as 112.70 and 238.62 kW, respectively. The recovery potential rate was 134.99 kW for the purification line and 37.70 kW for the evaporation line. The stability index and exergy efficiency for the purification line were calculated as 3.03% and 67.01% for the purification line and 6.54% and 84.71% for the evaporation line. The results of the thermodynamic analysis showed that the syrup heating process in the purification line has weaker performance from the energetic and exergetic point of view, is accompanied by large losses, and imposes a greater environmental burden. Accordingly, it is suggested that the improvement of the syrup heating performance in the purification line should be prioritized for engineering optimization and redesign in sugar processing plants.Practical applicationsMonitoring the operational state of the systems and determining system losses are critical steps in food thermal processing. A practical and accurate method to evaluate the purification and evaporation lines is required to improve the thermal efficiency. According to exergy analyses, the performance of the syrup heating process in the purification line is low due to large losses and imposes a greater environmental burden. Therefore, the improvement of the syrup heating performance in the purification line should be prioritized for engineering optimization and redesign in sugar processing plants.
Minimum clinically important difference and substantial clinical benefit in patients with chronic temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Son Jaemin , Kim Eun‐San , Lee Yoon Jae , Lee Nam‐Woo , Ha In‐Hyuk 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundResearch on temporomandibular disorder (TMD) responsiveness is scarce and limited regarding patients' representativeness.Objective(s)This study aimed to estimate minimum clinically important difference (MCID) and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) among a large and diverse patient population regarding sex and age.MethodsIn this study, 162 patients participated from five hospitals. MCID and SCB in pain, functional disability and quality of life were examined with anchor‐based methods. Patients' global impression of change was used as the anchor. Area under the curve (AUC) values were determined for testing accuracy. Changes from baseline and coefficient of variation by responsiveness status were calculated to explain the results of accuracy.ResultsSCB was estimated to be 2.18 for the numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain (AUC: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.72–0.88]) in all patients and 2.50 in women (AUC: 0.81 [95% CI: 0.71–0.89]). The estimated SCB of NRS for discomfort (1.50) and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale for mastication (1.35) had wide CIs for AUCs. Likewise, the estimated MCIDs of NRS for pain (0.80) and NRS for discomfort (1.50) had wide CIs for AUCs. Among non‐responders who did not achieve the MCID of NRS for pain, the coefficient of variation was very high for all outcomes other than the NRS for pain.ConclusionThis study investigated the responsiveness of patients with TMD using a large and diverse patient sample. SCB in pain decrease can be used to assess the responsiveness of patients with TMD. Composite outcomes should be developed to estimate MCID.
Conceptualising TMD symptom burden in youths: Symptom duration, frequency, intensity and interference
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Tan Sharon Hui Xuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to conceptualise Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptom burden and severity and explored their interrelationships with somatic symptoms and psychological distress.MethodsParticipants were recruited from a local polytechnic. The quintessential five TMD symptoms (5Ts) of the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (DC/TMD) were appraised and extended to evaluate the duration, frequency, intensity and interference of discrete TMD symptoms. Global TMD severity (GS) was computed by totaling the points for all TMD symptoms and dimensions. TMD (TS) and somatic symptom (SS) burden were assessed based on the Somatic Symptoms Scale‐8, while psychological distress was measured with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales‐21. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal–Wallis/Dunn tests and Spearman's correlation (α = .05).ResultOf the 366 eligible participants (mean age 19.1 ± 2.3 years), 51.4% were 5Ts‐negative and 48.6% were 5Ts‐positive. Among the 5Ts‐positive individuals, 25.3%/64.0% were ‘bothered a little’ whereas 4.5%/10.7% were ‘bothered a lot’ by TMD pain/headache. Correspondingly, 32.6%/12.4%/5.1% were ‘bothered a little’ while 2.8%/2.8%/1.1% were ‘bothered a lot’ by TMJ sounds/closed/open locking.TS burden was moderate‐to‐strongly correlated to aggregate symptom duration, frequency, intensity, interference, GS and SS burden (rs = .50–.88). While TS burden and GS were weakly associated with psychological distress (rs = .18–.36), SS burden was moderately related to depression, anxiety and stress (rs = .47–.53).ConclusionsTS burden can serve as a proxy for global TMD severity and may be more meaningful than the mere presence of TMD symptoms in clinical and research settings.
Digital denture with mucostatic base and functional borders: A cast‐free digital technique
Authors: Lo Russo Lucio , Guida Laura , Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Ercoli Carlo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDigital complete dentures fabricated using a mucostatic impression, like intraoral scans, are desirable for their beneficial effect on long‐term residual ridge stability but may have less retention than those fabricated with a mucocompressive impression. Border molding procedure may improve initial retention, thus favoring adaptation to new dentures, especially in cases where neuromuscular dysfunctions may diminish the patient's ability to cope with adapting to existing motor patterns or learn new ones. However, a mucocompressive impression may cause higher residual ridge resorption, thus resulting in a retention decrease over time. A desirable combination would be a digital denture with a mucostatic intaglio surface obtained from intraoral scans and functional borders. A cast‐free digital workflow for that is demonstrated in this technical report.
An in silico study to identify stress‐induced microRNAs and their targets from a mangrove Avicennia marina
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Datta Mousumi , Kundu Prajita , Nayak Aditi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAbiotic stresses encompass different environmental stimuli and constantly affect plant sustainability throughout their lifetime. Plants have developed several complex mechanisms to respond against these abiotic stresses. Studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) effectively reduce stress‐responsive genes that significantly help plants tolerate abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, temperature, and heavy metals. The regulation of such genes by miRNAs not only aids in plant growth and development but also controls physiological processes such as identifying floral organs, leaf morphogenesis, and root development. As per the information, miRNA plays an important role in stress regulation and regulates homeostasis in mangrove plants such as Rhizophore apiculata. Several modern technologies and approaches have been developed to determine these stress response miRNAs. The targeted genes of miRNAs are transcription factors that further control a set of down and upstream genes to affect physiological response. This paper explores the miRNAs found in a mangrove plant Avicennia marina. The plant contains many miRNAs and knowledge of miRNAs – their development, roles, functions, and target genes under abiotic stress conditions.
Glycogen synthesis prevents metabolic imbalance and disruption of photosynthetic electron transport from photosystem II during transition to photomixotrophy in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Ortega‐Martínez Pablo , Nikkanen Lauri , Wey Laura T. , Florencio Francisco J. , Allahverdiyeva Yagut , Díaz‐Troya Sandra 
Published: May 2024

Summary

Some cyanobacteria can grow photoautotrophically or photomixotrophically by using simultaneously CO2 and glucose. The switch between these trophic modes and the role of glycogen, their main carbon storage macromolecule, was investigated.

We analysed the effect of glucose addition on the physiology, metabolic and photosynthetic state of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and mutants lacking phosphoglucomutase and ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase, with limitations in glycogen synthesis.

Glycogen acted as a metabolic buffer: glucose addition increased growth and glycogen reserves in the wild‐type (WT), but arrested growth in the glycogen synthesis mutants. Already 30 min after glucose addition, metabolites from the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle and the oxidative pentose phosphate shunt increased threefold more in the glycogen synthesis mutants than the WT. These alterations substantially affected the photosynthetic performance of the glycogen synthesis mutants, as O2 evolution and CO2 uptake were both impaired.

We conclude that glycogen synthesis is essential during transitions to photomixotrophy to avoid metabolic imbalance that induces inhibition of electron transfer from PSII and subsequently accumulation of reactive oxygen species, loss of PSII core proteins, and cell death. Our study lays foundations for optimising photomixotrophy‐based biotechnologies through understanding the coordination of the crosstalk between photosynthetic electron transport and metabolism.
Gradual development of left bundle branch current of injury during left bundle branch pacing lead implantation
Authors: Iida Yoji , Inamura Junzo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA larger left bundle branch (LBB) potential or LBB current of injury (COI) indicates a low LBB capture threshold in LBB pacing. During LBB pacing in an 85‐year‐old woman, achieving a low LBB capture threshold did not initially present with a larger LBB potential or LBB COI, but rather with a new initial negative deflection in a ventricular electrogram. LBB COI gradually developed over 7 min thereafter, which suggested that the lead tip had reached the left ventricular subendocardium. Therefore, this negative deflection may be the first sign to avoid further lead rotation.
Abnormalities in juvenile‐to‐adult transition are associated with hybrid weakness in chili pepper (Capsicum)
Authors: Shiragaki Kumpei , Yokoi Shuji , Tezuka Takahiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWeakness was observed in the F1 hybrids of crosses between Capsicum annuum × Capsicum chinense or C. annuum × Capsicum frutescens. This phenomenon is morphologically characterized by the cessation of new leaf development approximately 30 days after germination (DAG). We wondered why this phenomenon appeared in the middle of growth and studied the relationship between Capsicum hybrid weakness and the juvenile‐to‐adult (JA) phase transition. Traits that changed during the early vegetative phase in both parents were the petiole/leaf length ratio, number of leaf lateral veins and stomata, colour of epidermal cells in leaves stained with toluidine blue and expression of miR156 and miR172. Based on the changes observed during the early vegetative phase, C. annuum and C. chinense were transferred to the adult phase 28 DAG. However, the F1 hybrids did not show characteristics of the adult phase at any time point. Furthermore, the phenotypes of hybrid weakness were observed at approximately 35 DAG, when F1 hybrids were presumed to reach the JA transition phase. It has been suggested that the JA transition is involved in Capsicum hybrid weakness.
Working conditions, missed care and patient experience in home care nursing in Italy: An observational study
Authors: Bagnasco Annamaria , Alvaro Rosaria , Lancia Loreto , Manara Duilio Fiorenzo , Rasero Laura , Rocco Gennaro , Burgio Alessandra , Di Nitto Marco , Zanini Milko , Zega Maurizio , Cicolini Giancarlo , Sasso Loredana , Mazzoleni Beatrice 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe aging of the population requires an appropriate knowledge of the type of care that needs to be provided to inform healthcare policies. In Italy, neither home care nursing, nor the patient experiences have ever been described.ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics of nurses and care recipients involved in home care.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional study conducted in 18 Italian Regions. Between April and October 2023, data from nurses and patients involved in home care were collected through two surveys. Psychosocial conditions in workplaces, missed care, and care experiences were assessed using validated tools. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlations were performed.ResultsA total of 46 local healthcare units were included in this study, with a total of 2549 nurses and 4709 care recipients. Nurses (mean age 46.60; 79.48% female; 44.68% regional nursing diploma as the highest qualification) reported good working conditions (42.37; SD = 12.25; range = 0–100) and a high mean number of missed care activities (5.11; SD = 3.19; range 0–9). Most nurses (83.41%) reported high levels of job satisfaction, while 20.28% intended to leave their job. Patients (mean age 75.18; 57.57% female; 36.95% primary school), on the other hand, rated positively the care they had received (8.23; range = 0–10).ConclusionsDespite the perception of critical issues at work and some missed care, satisfaction in nurses and patients was high. These data constitute a preliminary snapshot of the studied phenomena, which will be investigated through more in‐depth analyses.
Beyond retributive and restorative justice: In search of mercy with Jordan's Bedouin
Authors: Hughes Geoffrey 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPopular debates about criminal justice reform often pose restorative justice as a humane (if utopian) alternative to retributive justice. Drawing on fieldwork with Jordan's Bedouin, I offer an unvarnished account of a longstanding and still‐vibrant tradition of restorative justice that also includes violent and punitive elements. While acknowledging how Bedouin justice can fail women, the poor and the poorly connected, I highlight how Bedouin justice also cultivates mercy as a social good, transforming enmity into forgiveness (if not friendship) and encouraging perpetrators to materially compensate victims. I conclude by considering how contemporary Jordanian practices of mercy might inform efforts to escape from the seeming inevitability of mass incarceration in modern society.
The power of WHO epistemic communities: The “tobacco epidemic” as construct
Authors: Hoffmann Marta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this article is to present the idea that the tobacco epidemic, included in the World Health Organization's (WHO) documents, may have contributed to the success of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). The tobacco epidemic as a construct was present in internal and official WHO documentation as well as in scientific publications of the tobacco control‐oriented scientists who constituted the anti‐tobacco epistemic community. Using a qualitative approach, I analyzed three sets of texts to describe the features of the tobacco epidemic and how it may have contributed to the success of the FCTC. The methodology of the analysis was based on the sociological concept of medicalization. I argue that by virtue of medicalized framing in the case of the FCTC, the WHO was able to influence the debate on tobacco control.Related ArticlesLuján José, Luis. 2023. “Evidence‐Based Policies: Lessons from Regulatory Science.” Politics & Policy 51(4): 524–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12543.Newman, Joshua. 2019. “The Role of Uncertainty in Regulating E‐Cigarettes: The Emergence of a Regulatory Regime, 2005‐15.” Politics & Policy 47(2): 407–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12294.Roberts, Alex N. 2023. “The Scientization of Public Policy and Politics: A New Approach to Conceptualizing and Identifying the Phenomenon.” Politics & Policy 51(5): 726–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12548.
Prison radicalization: A persisting threat for Bangladesh
Authors: Mostofa Shafi Md 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrison radicalization poses a significant and evolving threat in Bangladesh's correctional facilities. This research article delves into the conditions fostering radicalization, including corruption, overcrowding, violence, and the lack of essential amenities. Drawing on extensive analysis of secondary data and expert interviews, this article argues that these conducive conditions have transformed Bangladeshi prisons into breeding grounds for radical ideologies, allowing militants to establish networks and plan attacks within and beyond prison confines. This article also points out the transformation of prisoners, even those with minimal radical tendencies, into militant leaders, along with the shift of non‐radical individuals toward extremism. Moreover, it underscores the lack of de‐radicalization programs within the current prison system as a crucial gap in countering this escalating issue. Furthermore, the research identifies societal denial, limited post‐release opportunities, and mistreatment by security forces as factors exacerbating radicalization post‐incarceration. As such, this study emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to address prison radicalization.Related ArticlesAwan, Imran. 2012. “‘I Am a Muslim Not an Extremist’: How the Prevent Strategy Has Constructed a ‘Suspect’ Community.” Politics & Policy 40(6): 1158–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00397.x.Heinmiller, B. Timothy, Matthew A. Hennigar, and Sandra Kopec. 2017. “Degenerative Politics and Youth Criminal Justice Policy in Canada.” Politics & Policy 45(3): 406–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12204.Spalek, Basia. 2010. “Community Policing, Trust, and Muslim Communities in Relation to ‘New Terrorism.’” Politics & Policy 38(4): 789–815. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00258.x.
Trump Voters' social position in U.S. Society: Uniqueness and radical‐right support
Authors: Versteegen Peter Luca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious research portrays radical‐right voters as economically, geographically, or politically marginalized. However, it seems implausible that these self‐perceived ordinary people—often overrepresenting historically powerful majorities (Whites, men, Christians)—are also socially marginalized. In the present article, I theorize why they may still feel socially excluded: Optimal distinctiveness research posits that individuals feel included in society if they experience (1) belonging to it and (2) uniqueness within it (i.e., feel their background is recognized). I argue that historical power and self‐perceived ordinariness satisfy most majority members' belonging need, but recent diversification and liberalization leave their uniqueness need unsatisfied. Indeed, cluster analyses of American National Election Studies (ANES) data show that a substantial share of majority members experiences firm belonging to society but lacks uniqueness therein. This group is more likely to support Trump than individuals whose needs are satisfied. This article contributes a social‐inclusion perspective on radical‐right voters' position in society.
Guilt, shame, and antiwar action in an authoritarian country at war
Authors: Grigoryan Lusine , Ponizovskiy Vladimir , Weißflog Marie Isabelle , Osin Evgeny , Lickel Brian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFeeling guilt and shame for the harm done to others by the ingroup can facilitate intergroup reconciliation. Most of the studies showing this effect are conducted in democratic countries and on historical, not current, conflicts. We investigated the role of group‐based guilt and shame in collective action in an authoritarian country at war. We asked more than 1000 Russians living in Russia, in a sample representative of the country's population by gender and age, about their experiences of group‐based guilt and shame regarding Russia's invasion of Ukraine and their past and future antiwar political actions. We tested whether political efficacy is necessary for experiencing group‐based guilt and shame, and whether these emotions are predictive of antiwar action over and above other emotions and attitudes. Democratic values, not political efficacy, were the most robust predictor of group‐based guilt and shame. Only moral shame, but not image shame or guilt, predicted past and future antiwar action. Whereas attitude towards the war and moral shame predicted engagement in antiwar action (vs none), other negative dominant emotions like anger predicted the degree of this engagement. We highlight the gaps in the study of collective action and the need for more evidence from nondemocratic contexts.