bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endobronchial fibrosarcoma presenting as recurrent left‐sided pneumonia
Authors: Gupta Atul , Marsh Rosemary , Jordan Simon , Padley Simon , Aboualfa Kareem , Smith Ola , Fisher Cyril , Nicholson Andrew G. , Bush Andrew 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe report a 6‐year old girl with recurrent and non‐resolving left‐sided “pneumonia” over a 3‐year period who was diagnosed with an endobronchial low‐grade fibrosarcoma. This highlights the importance of considering underlying localized airway obstruction in any case of clinically or radiologically atypical pneumonia in a child and therefore the need for careful follow‐up of all but the most typical cases. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:610–613. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“What's the point?” exploring rehabilitation for people with 1° CNS tumours using ethnography: Patients' perspectives
Authors: Hackman Diz 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Primary central nervous system (1° CNS) tumours represent 2% of cancers. They record the third highest mortality from cancer in the 18–35 age group in the UK today. Despite improving medical treatments, prognosis remains poor, with more patients experiencing residual complex functional deficits. Rehabilitation for these patients is scantily researched. Observational studies demonstrate improved function following inpatient and some outpatient multi‐professional rehabilitation. Comparative recovery and functional improvement between patients with 1° CNS tumours and differing oncological and other neurological diagnoses is shown. Qualitative papers explore patient's values of medical treatment, demonstrating themes of hope and improved quality of life (QOL). No studies explore the significance of rehabilitation for these patients. The aim of this study was to discover the meaning of rehabilitation for people with this life‐limiting illness through ethnographic enquiry. Methods. Fieldwork data, primarily written narratives, field notes and interviews, were collected from 10 patients with 1° CNS tumours receiving physiotherapy at a UK specialist cancer hospital. They were asked what they thought the purpose of rehabilitation was in the context of their disease. Thematic analysis explored this data. Results. Patient experience provided insightful perception of the beneficial role of rehabilitation in the context of their incurable disease. Main emergent themes included independence, confidence, ‘professional talk’ (the broader sense of communication through talk, touch and therapeutic handling) and hope. An analogy presents an analytical model of the themes. Incidental findings identified difficulty accessing services. Conclusion. Rehabilitation intervention offers positive contributions to patients with 1° CNS tumours improving QOL irrespective of the stage of their disease. With equal access to cancer services, a key aim advocated in national directives in health‐care today, it is essential that patients receiving treatment for this life‐limiting disease have timely access to rehabilitation services in conjunction with holistic medical management. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.EthicsThe Royal Marsden Hospital Committee for Clinical Research (CCR)The Royal Marsden Hospital Research Ethics Committee (LREC)Central Office of Research Ethics Committee (COREC) COREC 05/Q0801/130 superseded by The National Research Ethics Service University of Surrey Ethics Committee.
Groundwater geochemistry diagnostics during in situ ERH remediation
Authors: Smith Gregory J. , Wang Yi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn situ remediation represents a series of challenges in interpreting the monitoring data on remedial progress. Among these challenges are problems in determining the progress of the remediation and the mechanisms responsible, so that the process can be optimized. The release of organic pollutants to groundwater systems and in situ remediation technologies alter the groundwater chemistry, but outside of natural attenuation studies using inorganic chemical analyses as indicators of intrinsic biodegradation, typically little attention has been paid to the changes in inorganic groundwater chemistry. Smith (2008) noted that during an electrical resistance heating remediation that took place at a confidential site in Chicago, a two‐orders‐of‐magnitude increase in chloride concentrations occurred during the remediation. This increase in chloride resulted in a corresponding increase in calcium as a result of what is known as the common ion effect. Carbon dioxide is the gas found in highest concentrations in natural groundwater (Stumm & Morgan, 1981), and its fugacity (partial pressure) corresponds directly with calcium concentrations. Carbon dioxide at supersaturation in groundwater is capable of dissolving organic compounds, such as trichloroethene, facilitating removal of nonaqueous‐phase liquids at temperatures below the boiling point of water. One means of diagnosing these reactions is through the use of compound‐specific isotopic analysis, which is capable of distinguishing between evaporation, biodegradation, and differences in sources. The appropriate diagnosis has the potential to optimize the benefits from these reactions, lower energy costs for removal of nonaqueous‐phase liquids, and direct treatment where it is needed most. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distributed moving horizon estimation for nonlinear constrained systems
Authors: Farina Marcello , Ferrari‐Trecate Giancarlo , Scattolini Riccardo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper we consider a nonlinear constrained system observed by a sensor network and propose a distributed state estimation scheme based on moving horizon estimation (MHE). In order to embrace the case where the whole system state cannot be reconstructed from data available to individual sensors, we resort to the notion of MHE detectability for nonlinear systems, and add to the MHE problems solved by each sensor a consensus term for propagating information about estimates through the network. We characterize the error dynamics and provide conditions on the local exchanges of information in order to guarantee convergence to zero and stability of the state estimation error provided by any sensor. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elastic net‐based framework for imaging mass spectrometry data biomarker selection and classification
Authors: Zhang Fengqing (Zoe) , Hong Don 
Published: December 2010

AbstractImaging mass spectrometry (IMS) shows great potential for the rapid mapping of protein localization and for detecting of sizeable differences in protein expression. However, data processing remains challenging due to the difficulty of analyzing high dimensionality, the fact that the number of predictors is significantly larger than the number of observations, and the need to consider both spectral and spatial information in order to represent the advantage of IMS technology. Ideally one would like to efficiently analyze all acquired data to find trace features based on both spectral and spatial patterns. Therefore, biomarker selection from IMS data is a problem of global optimization. A recently developed regularization and variable selection method, elastic net (EN), produces a sparse model with admirable prediction accuracy and can be an effective tool for IMS data processing. In this paper, we incorporate a spatial penalty term into the EN model and develop a new tool for IMS data biomarker selection and classification. A comprehensive IMS data processing software package, called EN4IMS, is also presented. The results of applying our method to both simulated and real data show that the EN4IMS algorithm works efficiently and effectively for IMS data processing: producing a more precise listing of selected peaks, helping confirmation of new potential biomarkers discovery, and providing more accurate classification results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermo Analytic Investigation of Hydrogen Effusion Behavior – Sensor Evaluation and Calibration
Authors: Ried P. , Gaber M. , Beyer K. , Müller R. , Kipphardt H. , Kannengießer T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe well established carrier gas analysis (CGA) method was used to test different hydrogen detectors comprising a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and a metal oxide semiconducting (MOx) sensor. The MOx sensor provides high hydrogen sensitivity and selectivity, whereas the TCD exhibits a much shorter response time and a linear hydrogen concentration dependency. Therefore, the TCD was used for quantitative hydrogen concentration measurements above 50 µmol/mol. The respective calibration was made using N2/H2 gas mixtures. Furthermore, the hydrogen content and degassing behaviour of titanium hydride (TiH2‐x) was studied. This material turned out to be a potential candidate for a solid sample calibration. Vacuum hot extraction (VHE) coupled with a mass spectrometer (MS) was then calibrated with TiH2‐x as transfer standard. The calibration was applied for the evaluation of the hydrogen content of austenitic steel samples (1.4301) and the comparison of CGA‐TCD and VHE‐MS.
A Fibrin Patch-Based Enhanced Delivery of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Vascular Cell Transplantation in a Porcine Model of Postinfarction Left Ventricular Remodeling
Authors: Xiong Qiang , Hill Katherine L. , Li Qinglu , Suntharalingam Piradeep , Mansoor Abdul , Wang Xiaohong , Jameel Mohammad Nurulqadr , Zhang Pengyuan , Swingen Cory , Kaufman Dan S. , Zhang Jianyi 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
It is unknown how to use human embryonic stem cell (hESC) to effectively treat hearts with postinfarction left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Using a porcine model of postinfarction LV remodeling, this study examined the functional improvement of enhanced delivery of combined transplantation of hESC-derived endothelial cells (ECs) and hESC-derived smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with a fibrin three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffold biomatrix. To facilitate tracking the transplanted cells, the hESCs were genetically modified to stably express green fluorescent protein and luciferase (GFP/Luc). Myocardial infarction (MI) was created by ligating the first diagonal coronary artery for 60 minutes followed by reperfusion. Two million each of GFP/Luc hESC-derived ECs and SMCs were seeded in the 3D porous biomatrix patch and applied to the region of ischemia/reperfusion for cell group (MI+P+C, n = 6), whereas biomatrix without cell (MI+P, n = 5), or saline only (MI, n = 5) were applied to control group hearts with same coronary artery ligation. Functional outcome (1 and 4 weeks follow-up) of stem cell transplantation was assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The transplantation of hESC-derived vascular cells resulted in significant LV functional improvement. Significant engraftment of hESC-derived cells was confirmed by both in vivo and ex vivo bioluminescent imaging. The mechanism underlying the functional beneficial effects of cardiac progenitor transplantation is attributed to the increased neovascularization. These findings demonstrate a promising therapeutic potential of using these hESC-derived vascular cell types and the mode of patch delivery.
The implementation of a geospatial information technology (GIT)‐supported land use change curriculum with urban middle school learners to promote spatial thinking
Authors: Bodzin Alec M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study investigated whether a geospatial information technology (GIT)‐supported science curriculum helped students in an urban middle school understand land use change (LUC) concepts and enhanced their spatial thinking. Five 8th grade earth and space science classes in an urban middle school consisting of three different ability level tracks participated in the study. Data gathering methods included pre/posttest assessments, daily classroom observations, daily teacher meetings, and examination of student produced artifacts. Findings indicated that content knowledge about environmental issues associated with LUC and spatial thinking skills involved with aerial and remotely sensed (RS) imagery interpretation increased for all learners. In most content and skill area clusters, effect sizes were larger forlowerandmiddletrack learners than foruppertrack learners. Achievement for spatial thinking items increased for all ability level tracks. The curriculum implementation appeared effective for enhancing spatial thinking skills involved with RS image interpretation to identify objects and investigate ground cover features. Learners at all ability levels had difficulty interpreting time‐sequenced images. Influencing learning contexts including curriculum design principles and instructional strategies are discussed. The findings from this study provide support that spatial thinking can be learned, can be taught formally to all students in an urban middle school, and can be supported by appropriately designed tools, technologies, and curriculum. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 281–300, 2011
Genes and cognition
Authors: Pietropaolo Susanna , Crusio Wim E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractExplaining individual differences in human cognition has been a prominent goal of psychological research during the last century. Converging lines of evidence from human and animal research have shown that these differences are under the influence of genetic factors. However, identifying the specific genes involved is not an easy task. The complexities of the human genome and of the definition of the concept of cognition itself are obvious reasons why understanding the genetics of cognitive abilities is so complicated. About 20,000 genes are thought to have an impact on the development and functionality of the brain and each and every one of these may in fact have an effect on information processing, and therefore on cognition. In addition, the concept of cognition itself is very broad and has often been the subject of intense debate. It is therefore important to provide a precise definition of the cognitive phenotype before analyzing the genetic influences acting on it. Furthermore, the genetics of cognition can be investigated by multiple approaches that can be applied not only to human, but also to animal research. An overview of these methods and some of the results obtained is provided in an attempt to highlight the multidisciplinary complexity of studying the genetic bases of human cognition. Furthermore, some directions for future studies are suggested, highlighting the importance of analyzing gene–environment interactions and avoiding deterministic approaches. WIREs Cogni Sci 2011 2 345–352 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.135This article is categorized under:

Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of cis‐β‐Diazido(1,4,7,11‐tetraazaundecane)chromium(III) Bromide
Authors: Choi Jong‐Ha , Clegg William , Harrington Ross W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe new complex, cis‐β‐[Cr(2,2,3‐tet)(N3)2]Br (2,2,3‐tet = 1,4,7,11‐tetraazaundecane), was prepared and its structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The chromium(III) atom is in a distorted octahedral environment coordinated by four nitrogen atoms of 2,2,3‐tet and two azido ligands in a cis‐β arrangement, with bent Cr–N3 linkages at the coordinating azide nitrogen atoms. The mean Cr–N(2,2,3‐tet) and Cr–N(azide) bond lengths are 2.084(5) and 2.021(5) Å, respectively. The crystal structure is stabilized by ionic interactions, supported by N–H···N(azide) and N–H···Br hydrogen bonds. The IR and electronic spectroscopic properties are also discussed.
A combination of spline and spectral approximation for a class of singularly perturbed problems
Authors: Adžić Ne V. , Uzelac Zor. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe shall consider the selfadjoint boundary layer problem described by the second order differential equation with a small parameter multiplying the highest derivative. The approximate solution will be constructed by the use of spline collocation technique out of the layer and by the use of truncated Chebyshev series inside the layer. The layer subinterval is determined by the use of resemblence function in terms of the chosen degree of the spectral solution. The error at the division point is estimated by the use of the error of the spline function, and it is used to obtain the error estimate inside the layer.Numerical example shows that the combination of these two techniques gives better results than the application of modified spectral methods.
Vibration of the string under moving load as a model of the railway traction
Authors: Biernat S. , Śniady P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the paper the problem of forced vibrations of the railway traction due to moving vehicle pantograph is investigated. The assumptions have been made that: a string is a model of the railway traction, moving force of constant speed and constant or harmonically varying magnitude models pantograph load, that let us derive the solutions in the field of harmonic analysis for arbitrary load varying in time. Not only classical solutions in the form of series, but also closed form solutions are presented, what is of great importance determining the stresses in string. The consideration is also focused on the case that includes a load of two components ‐ the first is deterministic, the second ‐ a random one.
Inverse scattering problems of the nonlinear LIDAR‐equation
Authors: Böckmann Ch. , Niebsch J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe ill‐posed problem of aerosol size distribution determination from a small number of backscatter and extinction measurements was solved successfully with a mollifier method which is advantageous since the ill‐posed part is performed on exactly given quantities, the points r where n(r) is evaluated may be freely selected.
Models of two phase porous medium flow
Authors: Schroll Hans Joachim 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA system modeling two phase flow in porous medium is discussed. The model consists of a weakly hyperbolic part describing the convection and a stiff rate equation modeling the adsorption. Well‐posedness of the equilibrium system is reviewed and stiff well‐posedness of a linearized version of the full system with relaxation is analyzed in detail.
Local error indicators for the incremental finite element method in elasto‐plasticity
Authors: Schulz Monika 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUnder the assumptions of small deformations and the hardening of the material the mathematical formulation of an elasto‐plastic flow process leads to an unique solvable initial boundary value problem. For improving its approximate solutions we construct an adaptive finite element algorithm based on our developments of appropriate a‐posteriori error estimates related to the work by Babuška, Rheinboldt and Miller.
Generation of Hydroelastic Surface Waves in Heavy Fluid by Harmonic Seismic Sources in Elastic Half‐Space
Authors: Sekerj‐Zenkovitch S. Ya. , Shingareva I. K. , Zakharov D. D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe influence of layered ocean structure on the tsunami generation under action of seismic sources is studied in the long‐wave approximation. The ocean consists of two incompressible inviscid heavy fluid layers with close densities (its bottom assumed to be linearly elastic). Three harmonic sources are considered: center of rotation or of dilatation, and momentless double dipole. On the basis of integral transformation method, and of asymptotic expansions, three waves (Rayleigh, tsunami, and interface one) are singled out to describe the far field. Using MAPLE system of symbolic computations, the numerical investigation is performed. The conclusions are formulated.
Reliability of Girders due to Loads which Change their Location
Authors: Sieniawska R. , Wysocka A. , Żukowski S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe problem of reliability of girders subjected to time‐varying and location‐changing load is considered. The load acts on the structure in the static manner but changes in time their location and values. The magnitude of the load is a random variable. Taking into account the possible operation of the structure in the range of elastic‐plastic strains it is proposed to evaluate its reliability in terms of the shakedown theory. On the basis of the Neal's unshakedown theorem the reliability relative to the incremental failure and the reliability relative to the fatigue failure are estimated.
Numerical study of compressible potential flow in a double connected domain
Authors: Vvedenskaya N. , Volevich L. , Kazandjan E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe lecture is devoted to the numerical analysis of boundary value problems arising in plane compressible subsonic flows in a double‐connected domain. The conformal mapping of a circular annulus on the domain of the flow and the Newton iterations method permit to reduce the original physical problem to a sequence of nontraditional boundary value problems in a rectangle with the ratio of sides defined by the conformal radius of the physical domain. These boundary value problems are investigated numerically using finite elements of high order (bicubic elements) and numerical conformal mapping. Special attention is paid to the analysis of a flow around a profile near the surface of the earth.
Konvergenzbeschleunigung der Mehrzielmethode für Flugbahnoptimierungsaufgaben
Authors: Chudej K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOptimale Steuerungsaufgaben lassen sich effizient und präzise mit der indirekten Mehrzielmethode lösen [1,7]. Wegen des zur Lösung der Schießgleichungen benutzten Newton‐ Verfahrens erhält man i. allg‐ quadratische Konvergenz. Kürzlich wurden für verschiedene zustandsbeschränkte Flugbahnoptimierungsaufgaben mit quadratischer Steuerkomponente jedoch nur sehr langsame lineare Konvergenz beobachtet. Wir identifizieren den Verursacher dieser Schwierigkeiten und stellen ein modifiziertes Randwertproblem vor, das diese Schwierigkeiten vermeidet.
Noise analysis in circuit simulation with stochastic differential equations
Authors: Denk G. , Penski C. , Schäffler S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDue to the continuing miniaturization process of electronic integrated circuits the modeling has to take additional effects like noise into account. Adding the noise sources to the model of an electronic circuit yields stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The simulation of such equations leads to new difficulties like numerical problems and efficiency issues. In this paper we present the modeling and simulation of an inverter circuit. In addition, a modified Adams scheme is presented which allows the efficient numerical solution for SDEs with additive noise.
Jacobi‐type Methods in Computer Vision: A Case Study
Authors: Hüper K. , Helmke U. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper we study the problem of minimizing a least squares distance function on an orbit of a noncompact Lie group. Such a problem occurs in the computer vision area, e. g., the socalled stereo matching problem without correspondence can be formulated in such a way. A Jacobi‐type method is developed to minimize the smooth cost function over that orbit. The convergence properties of the algorithm are discussed.
Unified Approach for Optimization of Vehicle Motion
Authors: Kiriazov P. K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA direct‐search approach for time and energy optimization of vehicles (V) in point‐to‐point operation is developed. The test control functions are consistent with the Pontryagin maximum principle and conform to the control and state constraints. After appropriate input‐output pairing, the control synthesis task is transformed into a set of parameter optimization problems. Under a weak condition, existence of feasible solutions can be guaranteed. The optimization procedure is demonstrated on a full dynamic model of an electrically driven underwater V.