bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Impact of Therapeutic Substitution of a Brand Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor with an Alternative Generic Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Wu Eric Q , Yu Andrew P , Lauzon Veronique , Ramakrishnan Karthik , Marynchenko Maryna , Ben-Hamadi Rym , Blum Steven , Erder M Haim 
Published: March 2011

Background To reduce pharmacy costs, managed care organizations encourage therapeutic substitution from brand to a generic product. However, little is known about whether these cost-containment strategies can also potentially lower total expenditures for payers in treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Objective: To compare economic outcomes of patients with MDD who were switched from a brand selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) to an alternative generic SSRI for nonmedical reasons versus patients who continued on the brand SSRI. Methods: Adult MDD patients in the Ingenix Impact Database (2003–2007) were considered “switchers” if they received treatment with a brand SSRI and were later switched to an alternative generic SSRI for nonmedical reasons. Patients who remained on the brand SSRI (nonswitchers) were matched 1:1 with switchers. All-cause, mental health-related, and MDD-related rates of hospitalizations/emergency department (ED) visits and costs over 6 months were compared both descriptively and by using adjusted regression models. A subgroup analysis on patients who were switched from escitalopram (Lexapro) to an alternative generic SSRI was also performed. Results: The study included 4449 matched pairs. Compared with nonswitchers, switchers had higher risk of all-cause, mental health–related, and MDD-related use of hospitalizations/ED visits (OR 1.15, 1.34, and 1.54, respectively; all p < 0.01) and higher risk-adjusted mental health–related and MDD-related medical costs ($219 and $222, respectively; both p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis on escitalopram showed similar results; switchers experienced higher risk of any-cause, mental health–related, and MDD-related use of hospitalizations/ED visits (OR 1.21, 1.41, and 1.53, respectively; all p<0.01) and higher risk-adjusted MDD-related medical costs ($151; p<0.05). Conclusions: Compared with patients who continued on their patented SSRIs, patients who switched to a generic SSRI incurred more resource use of hospitalizations/ED visits and higher MDD-related health-care costs. The effects of therapeutic substitution should be carefully examined, because use of generic alternatives may not be a cost-saving strategy when total health-care costs are considered.
Does Patient Use of Medical Information Affect Physician Practice Incentives to Provide Care?
Authors: Fang Hai , Rizzo John 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Patients as consumers are assuming a more active role in their medical care decision-making, which has been prompted by better access to medical information. Patient use of medical information may affect physician practice incentives to provide care, which critically depends on the agency relationship between physician and patient. If patient use of medical information improves communication and understanding, physicians may need to spend less time explaining what treatments are needed and convincing patients about the appropriateness of their recommendations, increasing incentives to provide care. If patients use information to demand treatments and procedures that are at odds with what the physician would recommend, this might lead to a contentious relationship, making it more difficult to agree upon any course of treatment. We use the Community Tracking Study (CTS) physician survey data, a nationally representative sample in the United States, to study the effects of more-informed patients on physician incentives to provide care. We estimate ordinary least squares and ordered probit models, and apply instrumental variables method to correct for the potential endogeneity of the measure of more-informed patients. The empirical results indicate that more-informed patients appear to be reducing physician incentives to provide care. This is consistent with the view that patient use of medical information from alternative sources besides their own physician may be interfering with the physician’s ability to provide care.
Associations of Pretransplant Weight and Muscle Mass with Mortality in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Streja Elani , Molnar Miklos Z. , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Bunnapradist Suphamai , Jing Jennie , Nissenson Allen R. , Mucsi Istvan , Danovitch Gabriel M. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: March 2011

Summary

Background and objectives:
The association between pretransplant body composition and posttransplant outcomes in renal transplant recipients is unclear. It was hypothesized that in hemodialysis patients higher muscle mass (represented by higher pretransplant serum creatinine level) and larger body size (represented by higher pretransplant body mass index [BMI]) are associated with better posttransplant outcomes.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements:
Linking 5-year patient data of a large dialysis organization (DaVita) to the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, 10,090 hemodialysis patients were identified who underwent kidney transplantation from July 2001 to June 2007. Cox regression hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of death and/or graft failure were estimated.

Results:
Patients were 49 ± 13 years old and included 49% women, 45% diabetics, and 27% African Americans. In Cox models adjusted for case-mix, nutrition-inflammation complex, and transplant-related covariates, the 3-month-averaged postdialysis weight-based pretransplant BMI of 20 to <22 and < 20 kg/m2, compared with 22 to <25 kg/m2, showed a nonsignificant trend toward higher combined posttransplant mortality or graft failure, and even weaker associations existed for BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Compared with pretransplant 3-month- averaged serum creatinine of 8 to <10 mg/dl, there was 2.2-fold higher risk of combined death or graft failure with serum creatinine <4 mg/dl, whereas creatinine ≥14 mg/dl exhibited 22% better graft and patient survival.

Conclusions:
Pretransplant obesity does not appear to be associated with poor posttransplant outcomes. Larger pretransplant muscle mass, reflected by higher pretransplant serum creatinine level, is associated with greater posttransplant graft and patient survival.
Non-compaction and polyneuropathy in a patient homozygous for the H63D HFE gene mutation
Authors: Stöllberger Claudia , Finsterer Josef 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLeft ventricular hypertrabeculation/non-compaction (LVHT) is a cardiac abnormality that is increasingly reported with an association to several genetic disorders. We report an association of LVHT with genetically confirmed hemochromatosis and polyneuropathy in a 54-year old Caucasian female.
Rare case of a massive buccal mucocele
Authors: Koszowski Rafał , Waśkowska Jadwiga , Morawiec Tadeusz , Wojcik Sylwia , Stęplewska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMucoceles are common pathological lesions of the oral cavity, usually measuring up to 10 mm. The authors describe a case of deeply located buccal mucocele measuring 35 mm in diameter. The lesion was caused by facial injury in a 54-year old man. The lesion persisted for approximately 2.5 years and was difficult to diagnose because of its unusual size and atypical clinical symptoms. Preoperative ultrasonography excluded a tumor, and this was confirmed by histopathological examination. However, oncological alertness was considered necessary on account of ulcerated mucosa next to the lesion. The mucocele was removed through surgical excision, using a scalpel and tissue scissors. No recurrence was observed in 2.5 postoperative years. It is stressed that histopathological examinations help to differentiate mucoceles from other disease processes.
Risk factors for recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after thyroidectomy
Authors: Čelakovský Petr , Vokurka Jan , Školoudík Lukáš , Kordač Petr , Čermáková Eva 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study investigates the incidence of temporary and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) and possible risk factors for patients with different types of thyroid gland diseases. 1224 consecutive patients who underwent thyroidectomy for treatment of various thyroid diseases between the years 2001–2005. The rates of RLNP were evaluated. The surgeon and type of thyroid gland disorder were recognised as possible risk factors for RLNP. The incidence of temporary/permanent RLNP for the whole group was 4.5/0.8%. The rates of temporary RLNP for groups, classified as multinodular goitre, Graves’ disease, thyroid cancer or Hashimoto’s disease were 4.3%, 4.3%, 5.2% and 5.7%, respectively. The rates of permanent RLNP for the same groups were 0.4%, 0.9%, 1.6% and 1.9%, respectively. The frequency of temporary RLNP for individual surgeons ranges from 2.8 to 7.0% and the rates of permanent RLNP is between 0–3.1%. There was no relationship between the surgeon’s experience (the number of procedures performed) and RLNP rates. Total thyroidectomy is a safe procedure associated with a low incidence of RLNP not only for benign multinodular goitre, but also for Graves’disease, thyroid cancer and Hashimoto’s disease. The rates of RLNP among individual surgeons are acceptable with small inter-individual differences.
Incidence, timing, and treatment of new brain metastases after Gamma Knife surgery for limited brain disease: the case for reducing the use of whole-brain radiation therapy
Authors: Rush Stephen , Elliott Robert E. , Morsi Amr , Mehta Nisha , Spriet Jeri , Narayana Ashwatha , Donahue Bernadine , Parker Erik C. , Golfinos John G. 
Published: March 2011

Object
In this paper, the authors' goal was to analyze the incidence, timing, and treatment of new metastases following initial treatment with 20-Gy Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) alone in patients with limited brain metastases without whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT).

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 114 consecutive adults (75 women and 34 men; median age 61 years) with KPS scores of 60 or higher who received GKS for 1–3 brain metastases ≤ 2 cm was performed (median lesion volume 0.35 cm3). Five patients lacking follow-up data were excluded from analysis. After treatment, patients underwent MR imaging at 6 weeks and every 3 months thereafter. New metastases were preferentially treated with additional GKS. Indications for WBRT included development of numerous metastases, leptomeningeal disease, or diffuse surgical-site recurrence.

Results
The median overall survival from GKS was 13.8 months. Excluding the 3 patients who died before follow-up imaging, 12 patients (11.3%) experienced local failure at a median of 7.4 months. Fifty-three patients (50%) developed new metastases at a median of 5 months. Six (7%) of 86 instances of new lesions were symptomatic. Most patients (67%) with distant failures were successfully treated using salvage GKS alone. Whole-brain radiotherapy was indicated in 20 patients (18.3%). Thirteen patients (11.9%) died of neurological disease.

Conclusions
For patients with limited brain metastases and functional independence, 20-Gy GKS provides excellent disease control and high-functioning survival with minimal morbidity. New metastases developed in almost 50% of patients, but additional GKS was extremely effective in controlling disease. Using our algorithm, fewer than 20% of patients required WBRT, and only 12% died of progressive intracranial disease.
San Diego (Californie). Les enjeux de la gestion et de l'aménagement du littoral
Authors: Billard Gerald 
Published: March 2011

San Diego, malgré le faible nombre d'études empiriques qui lui ont été consacré, s'avère s'imposer comme un terrain de recherche pertinent lorsqu'il s'agit d'aborder les problèmes de l'aménagement et de la gestion du littoral aux Etats-Unis.
L'espace littoral à San Diego, notamment dans une frange centrale et péri-centrale, subit une double pression du fait de l'affrontement entre développement privé et préservation du milieu.
Dans ce contexte de concurrence, l'étude des communautés résidentielles littorales permet d'appréhender une nouvelle forme de gestion des espaces côtiers qui repose sur l'intervention directe des résidents dans les politiques d' aménagement.
Endomorphisms of Two Dimensional Jacobians and Related Finite Algebras
Authors: Butske William 
Published: March 2011

AbstractZarhin proves that if C is the curve y2 = f (x) where Galℚ(f(x)) = Sn or An, then . In seeking to examine his result in the genus g = 2 case supposing other Galois groups, we calculate for a genus 2 curve where f (x) is irreducible. In particular, we show that unless the Galois group is S5 or A5, the Galois group does not determine .
Überarbeitetes Glossar zu Begriffen der Pharmazeutik
Authors: Langguth Peter , Seydel Joachim 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDieses Glossar behandelt pharmazeutische Begriffe und wendet sich an Praktiker auf dem Gebiet der Pharmazeutik. Im deutschen Sprachraum wurde – im Unterschied zum englischen und amerikanischen – die Sinnhaftigkeit des Begriffs “Pharmazeutik” schon vor längerer Zeit diskutiert (“Grundfragen der Galenik”: R. Hüttenrauch, Dtsch. Apoth. Ztg. 1988, 128, 951–961; “Etikett und Inhalt einer Wissenschaft”: R. Hüttenrauch, Acta Pharm. Technol. 1985, 31, 195–196). Während seine Verwendung sicherlich nicht falsch ist, ist seine Verbreitung in deutschen Schriften exotisch. Hingegen ist die Bedeutung der Pharmazeutik als Disziplin der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften, die sich mit den unterschiedlichen Verfahren auf dem Weg eines Arzneistoffs hin zu einer durch den Patienten oder das medizinische Personal applizierbaren Darreichungsform befasst, klar gegeben. Am besten könnte man den abstrakten Begriff der Pharmazeutik durch den gebräuchlicheren Term “Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie” umschreiben. Die in diesem Glossar enthaltenen Definitionen beziehen sich auf verschiedene Elemente der Pharmazeutik, nämlich 1) die physikalisch‐chemische Charakterisierung pharmazeutischer Zubereitungen und ihrer wirksamen Inhaltsstoffe, 2) in der Praxis der Pharmazeutik angewendete Grundoperationen, 3) Begriffe mit Bezug zu den verschiedenen Arzneiformen, 4) Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit unterschiedlichen Applikationsarten und ‐wegen, 5) Begriffe aus den Bereichen Pharmakokinetik und Biopharmazie sowie Begriffe, die keinem dieser Aspekte zugeordnet werden können. Das Gebiet der Pharmazeutik selbst ist interdisziplinär und wird von Pharmazeuten und anderen Naturwissenschaftlern, z. B. Chemikern und Biowissenschaftlern bearbeitet, die von einem Glossar mit eindeutigen Begriffsdefinitionen profitieren können. Die in der Pharmazeutik verwendeten Begriffe werden durch vorhandene Glossare nur selten abgedeckt, und wenn es der Fall ist, sind die gegebenen Definitionen für das Gebiet der Pharmazeutik oft unpassend, was neue oder modifizierte Definitionen erforderlich macht. In diesem Text kursiv gesetzte Begriffe sind auch als Stichwörter zu finden.
An excerpt of X‐shooter operations at Paranal
Authors: Martayan C. , Alvarez A. , Bristow P. , Castillo R. , Dekker H. , D'Odorico S. , Mainieri V. , Mason E. , Modigliani A. , Moehler S. , Moller P. , Patat F. , Pena E. , Reinero C. , Vernet J. , Vinther J. , Vuckovic M. , all the engineers who work a lot on X‐shooter  
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe report on the current performances and measurements done with X‐shooter during its first year of operations at Paranal. We present the current instrumental problems, recent and future improvements, and give advice for the observations (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studying the formation of massive stars with VLT/X‐shooter
Authors: Kaper L. , Ellerbroek L.E. , Ochsendorf B.B. , Caballero Pouroutidou R.N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe birth process and (early) evolution of massive stars is still poorly understood. Massive stars are rare, their birthplaces are hidden from view and their formation timescale is short. So far, our physical knowledge of these young massive stars has been derived from near‐IR imaging and spectroscopy, revealing populations of young OB‐type stars, some still surrounded by a (remnant?) accretion disk, others apparently “normal” main sequence stars powering H II regions. The most important spectral features of OB‐type stars are, however, located in the UV and optical range. With VLT/X‐shooter it is possible to extend the spectral coverage of these young massive stars into the optical range, to better determine their photospheric properties, to study the onset of the stellar wind, and to characterize the physical structure of the circumstellar disk (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studying the SN‐GRB connection with X‐shooter: The GRB 100316D / SN 2010bh case
Authors: Bufano F. , Benetti S. , Sollerman J. , Pian E. , Cupani G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDuring the last ten years, observations of long‐duration gamma‐ray bursts brought to the conclusion that at least a fraction of them is associated with bright supernovae of type Ib/c. In this talk, after a short review on the previously observed GRB‐SN connection cases, we present the recent case of GRB 100316/SN 2010bh. In particular, during the observational campaign of SN 2010bh, a pivotal role was played by VLT/X‐shooter, sampling with unique high quality data the spectral energy distribution of the early evolution phases from the UV to the K band (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Supernovae interacting with a circumstellar medium: New observations with X‐shooter
Authors: Pastorello A. , Benetti S. , Bufano F. , Kankare E. , Mattila S. , Turatto M. , Cupani G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this article we present new data of a sample of core‐collapse supernovae showing unequivocal evidences of interaction between their ejecta and pre‐existing circumstellar matter (CSM). This CSM was produced by the progenitor star through major mass loss episodes during the final stages of its life. The study of the properties of the SN ejecta and the circumstellar environment are crucial to unveil the nature of the progenitors producing interacting supernovae. In this context, the instrumental combination Very Large Telescope (VLT) plus X‐shooter provides spectra covering simultaneously the optical and near‐infrared domains, and with adequate resolution to constrain the main properties of the supernova and its environment, including its chemical composition, the ejection velocity and the distribution of the emitting gas (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Metallicities of high redshift GRB hosts: The case of GRB 100219A
Authors: Thöne C.C. , Fynbo J. , Goldoni P. , de Ugarte Postigo A. , Covino S. , Campana S. , the X‐shooter GRB collaboration  
Published: March 2011

AbstractGRB 100219A at z = 4.667 has been the highest redshift gamma‐ray burst observed with the X‐shooter spectrograph up to now. The spectrum covering the range from 5000 to 24000 Å and a large number of absorption lines allows to make a detailed study of the interstellar medium in a high redshift galaxy. The ISM in the low ionisation state and the kinematics of the absorption line components reveal a complex velocity field. The metallicity measured from different absorption lines is around 0.1 solar. Other GRB hosts at redshift beyond ∼3 have similar metallicities albeit with a large scatter in the metallicity distribution. X‐shooter will allow us to determine metallicities of a larger number of GRB hosts beyond redshift 5, to probe the early chemical enrichment of the Universe and to study its evolution from redshift 2 to beyond 10 (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Observing GRB host galaxies with the integral field unit of X‐shooter
Authors: Flores H. , Goldoni P. , Royer F. , Piranomonte S. , Vergani S.D. , Onori F. , Palazzi E. , Covino S. , Randich S. , Hammer F. , Pian E. , Savaglio S. , Tagliaferri G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUsing the integral field unit of X‐shooter at VLT, we have recovered the first velocity fields of GRB host galaxies at redshift <0.6. This facility is able to recover not only the velocity fields from almost all emission lines thanks to an unrivaled wavelength coverage, but also to recover maps of physical properties. We present the preliminary analysis of X‐shooter/IFU observations dedicated to the study of GRB host galaxies undertaken in the frame of the Italian‐French GTO program. Our goal is to understand the physical processes at the origin of the GRB by analyzing in detail the spatial distributions of the kinematics, metallicities, extinction, star‐formation, and how they are inter‐related (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GRB 021004 host galaxy and environment with X‐shooter
Authors: Vergani S.D. , Piranomonte S. , Petitjean P. , Flores H. , Goldoni P. , Rodrigues M. , Hammer F. , Covino S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe report preliminary results of the observation of the GRB 021004 host galaxy and field obtained with the new VLT/X‐shooter spectrograph. Thanks to the X‐shooter wide spectral range we could detect many emission lines associated to the GRB host at z = 2.33102. Moreover we identify [O III] λλ 4959, 5007 Äemission lines at z = 2.33184 associated with a close‐by galaxy possibly interacting with the GRB host. We do not detect any counterpart of the foreground absorbers found in the afterglow spectra of GRB 021004 (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Using X‐shooter to measure the extinction in long GRB host galaxies from emission lines
Authors: Wiersema K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe spectra of the host galaxies of gamma‐ray bursts at low redshift generally show strong hydrogen lines of the Balmer, Paschen and Brackett series, in addition to strong nebular metal lines. In special cases the hosts can be resolved in separate star forming regions, and spatially resolved spectroscopy can be obtained. Generally, the three strongest Balmer lines are used to derive the reddening experienced by the emission lines of the host gas, assuming a Milky Way extinction curve, case B recombination and a fixed electron temperature. We demonstrate how the wide wavelength range of X‐shooter, in combination with a rigorous calibration strategy, can be used to fit explicitly for RV, Te, and AV simultaneously using a large number of H and He I recombination lines, explicitly corrected for stellar atmosphere absorption. This increases our understanding of extinction and absorption in starforming regions in GRB hosts. We use two GRB hosts as examples of the methods, outlining the advantages of using X‐shooter over other instruments (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studying the diverse nature of faint galaxies in nearby clusters of the WINGS sample
Authors: Bettoni D. , Kjærgaard P. , Milvang‐Jensen B. , D'Onofrio M. , Moretti A. , Poggianti B.M. , Fasano G. , Moles M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe present the first results of our X‐shooter observations for a sample of dwarf (–17 < MB < –15) galaxies in nearby (0.04 < z < 0.07) galaxy clusters. This luminosity range is fundamental to trace the evolution of higher‐z star‐forming cluster galaxies down to the present day, and to explore the galaxy scaling relations of early‐type galaxies over a broad mass range. Thanks to high resolution and availability of several lines we can derive the velocity dispersion of the galaxies in this range of luminosities and we begin the construction of the fundamental plane of faint early‐type galaxies (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)