bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct determination of naturally occurring biologically active compound–serum albumin conjugate by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Tanaka H. , Xuan L.J. , Morimoto S. , Shoyama Y. , Isobe R. , Nojima K. 
Published: March 2012

Opium alkaloids were conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to give individual antigen conjugates which were analyzed using BSA as an internal standard by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. It became clear that 9 molecules of thebaine were conjugated in a thebaine–BSA conjugate. Codeine and morphine contents in individual conjugates were determined to be 12 and 6 molecules, respectively. Using a relative molecular mass of BSA, 11.5 molecules of forskolin conjugated with BSA. Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA)–carrier protein conjugates using β‐alanine or without β‐alanine as a linker were analyzed. From these results it became evident that the hapten molecules of THCA–β‐alanine–BSA, THCA–BSA, THCA–β‐alanine–human serum albumin (HSA) and THCA–HSA were 17.2, 12.7, 27.8 and 54.4, respectively. Crocin–HSA conjugates were synthesized by two methods using succinate and NaIO4 cleavage of sugar moiety. A broad molecular peak of crocin–HSA conjugate appeared at around m/z 98,342 resulting in 30 molecules of crocin‐hemisuccinate conjugated with HSA. The crocin–HSA synthesized via NaIO4 oxidation showed a sharp molecular peak around 69,504 compared to that of hemisuccinate preparation. The number of crocin combined with HSA was, however, smaller 3.1 molecules.Analysis of monoclonal antibody by MALDI mass spectrometry determined the exact molecular weight and their purities.
Dynamics and Protein–Solvent Interactions of Hemoglobin in T and R Quaternary Conformation
Authors: Caronna Chiara , Cupane Antonio 
Published: March 2012

In this work we report the thermal behaviour of the amide I′ band of carbonmonoxy and deoxy hemoglobin in 65% v/v glycerolD8/D2O solutions and in the temperature interval 10–295 K. Following recent suggestions in the literature, we analyze the amide I′ band in terms of two components, one at about 1630 cm−1 and the other at about 1650 cm−1, that are assigned to solvent‒exposed and buried α‒helical regions, respectively.For deoxy hemoglobin (in T quaternary structure) both components are narrower with respect to carbonmonoxy hemoglobin (in R quaternary structure), while the peak frequency blue shift observed, upon increasing temperature, for the component at about 1630 cm−1 is smaller. The reported data provide evidence of the dependence of hemoglobin dynamic properties upon the protein quaternary structure and suggest a more compact α‒helical structure of hemoglobin in T conformation, with reduced population of low‒frequency modes involving the solvent and protein.
Double Down for a Double Win
Authors: Huang Pearl S. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The rationale for using multiple inhibitors between and within the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mTOR and RAS/MEK/ERK pathways is scientifically compelling, and a limited number of experimental agents are currently being tested in phase I combinations. Patient subpopulations, whose tumors are defined by genetic lesions, are showing promising responses to this approach. Clin Cancer Res; 18(8); 2124–6. ©2012 AACR.
Age-related Neural Reorganization during Spoken Word Recognition: The Interaction of Form and Meaning
Authors: Shafto Meredith , Randall Billi , Stamatakis Emmanuel A. , Wright Paul , Tyler L. K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractResearch on language and aging typically shows that language comprehension is preserved across the life span. Recent neuroimaging results suggest that this good performance is underpinned by age-related neural reorganization [e.g., Tyler, L. K., Shafto, M. A., Randall, B., Wright, P., Marslen-Wilson, W. D., & Stamatakis, E. A. Preserving syntactic processing across the adult life span: The modulation of the frontotemporal language system in the context of age-related atrophy. Cerebral Cortex, 20, 352–364, 2010]. The current study examines how age-related reorganization affects the balance between component linguistic processes by manipulating semantic and phonological factors during spoken word recognition in younger and older adults. Participants in an fMRI study performed an auditory lexical decision task where words varied in their phonological and semantic properties as measured by degree of phonological competition and imageability. Older adults had a preserved lexicality effect, but compared with younger people, their behavioral sensitivity to phonological competition was reduced, as was competition-related activity in left inferior frontal gyrus. This was accompanied by increases in behavioral sensitivity to imageability and imageability-related activity in left middle temporal gyrus. These results support previous findings that neural compensation underpins preserved comprehension in aging and demonstrate that neural reorganization can affect the balance between semantic and phonological processing.
“Where Are We Really Going? Always Home”: Thomas Merton and Hermann Hesse
Authors: Collins John 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn 1968 Thomas Merton, a Trappist monk, made a journey to the Far East to study Eastern monastic religions. Merton’s contemplative prayer life was enhanced by his literary imagination, which was fueled by the reading of a broad spectrum of novelists and poets. During his trip eastward, Thomas Merton read three Hermann Hesse novels and recorded notes in his journal regarding two of them:Journey to the EastandSteppenwolf. This essay examines Thomas Merton’s enigmatic quotations and observations about the two aforementioned novels within the context of each of the respective volumes. Further clarification of Merton’s notes is rendered through a presentation in parallel fashion of other journal entries and recorded conferences made by the monk primarily during his eastward journey. The discussion ofJourney to the Eastreflects Thomas Merton’s own spiritual quest as he traveled to Asia revealing his attraction to the “feminine mystique” as well as his sharing of both Hesse’s disdain for the herd instinct of illusory communities and his alternative portrayal of enlightened communes seeking aesthetic excellence. As Merton readSteppenwolf, he identified with Harry Haller’s propensity for self-contradiction and a tendency to vacillate between the polarities of holding the bourgeoisie at arm’s length and his eventual compromise with the conventions of the bourgeois society.
“I Bid Thee Arise!”: Reverse-Editing and Reversal Miracles in Carl Theodor Dreyer’s Ordet
Authors: Ponder Justin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMany scholars have analyzed Carl Theodor Dreyer’sOrdetfor its unusual camera movements, long takes, and reverse-editing. Some have gone so far as to link these cinematic devices toOrdet’s narrative focus on miracles, exploring connections between the film’s form and its content. This essay attempts to bridge the gap between formal analysis and theological analysis. It examines the film’s representation of miracles against the conceptual history of miracles, considering the extent to which we may regard the film as a theological argument, making visual assertions as important and fruitful as verbal ones.
Dismantling the Dublin System: M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece
Authors: Moreno-Lax Violeta 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The Dublin Regulation establishes criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for asylum lodged in the European Union by a third-country national. The system is based on the presumption that Member States may be considered ‘safe countries’ for asylum seekers, for which reason transfers from one Member State to another are supposed not to violate the principle of non-refoulement. The fact that all Member States have acceded to the 1951 Refugee Convention and to the European Convention on Human Rights, that they share a pledge to establish a Common European Asylum System comprising harmonized protection standards, and that, as members of the Union, are obliged to respect and protect fundamental rights, constitute the unspoken premises on which the supposition rests. However, the Dublin Regulation does not establish whether the presumption should be considered absolute or rebuttable, and how and when, in the latter situation, it should be deemed refuted in the individual case. How the ‘principle of refutability’ has come into being in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights constitutes the focus of the present analysis. The review of the Strasbourg jurisprudence is accompanied by an assessment of the diverging practices that have proliferated across the EU in this regard. The paper concludes with some reflections on the impact of the M.S.S. judgement on the forthcoming reform of the Dublin system.
The Classical Islamic Law of Waqf: A Concise Introduction
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Zubair 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide a concise and brief introduction to the classical Islamic law of waqf. This study is based on the Fiqh literature of four Sunni schools of thought. The primary focus is on the Ḥanafī Fiqh, however, representative texts of the other schools have also been taken into account. There are three major findings in this article. First, the law contained in Fiqh texts is incomplete because it does not encompass ʿurf (custom) and qānūn (imperial decrees). Custom is recognised in these texts in support of Fiqh, but qānūn is totally missing despite references to the power of rulers regarding certain provisions of waqf law. Second, the legal theory is inconsistent, as the majority of jurists hold that the ownership of a founder terminates with the creation of a waqf. However, not only the founder and his legal heirs maintain a limited proprietary interest in waqf property; the waqf also dissolves with the apostasy of its founder. Third, family awqāf (pl. of waqf) come into direct conflict with the law of inheritance and the law of gifts. However, the testamentary waqf and waqf during terminal illness are subservient to inheritance law, and jurists have tried to harmonise waqf law with inheritance law whenever an opportunity arose.
Warm-Air Intrusions in Arizona’s Meteor Crater
Authors: Adler Bianca , Whiteman C. David , Hoch Sebastian W. , Lehner Manuela , Kalthoff Norbert 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEpisodic nighttime intrusions of warm air, accompanied by strong winds, enter the enclosed near-circular Meteor Crater basin on clear, synoptically undisturbed nights. Data analysis is used to document these events and to determine their spatial and temporal characteristics, their effects on the atmospheric structure inside the crater, and their relationship to larger-scale flows and atmospheric stability. A conceptual model that is based on hydraulic flow theory is offered to explain warm-air-intrusion events at the crater. The intermittent warm-air-intrusion events were closely related to a stable surface layer and a mesoscale (~50 km) drainage flow on the inclined plain outside the crater and to a continuous shallow cold-air inflow that came over the upstream crater rim. Depending on the upstream conditions, the cold-air inflow at the crater rim deepened temporarily and warmer air from above the stable surface layer on the surrounding plain descended into the crater, as part of the flowing layer. The flow descended up to 140 m into the 170-m-deep crater and did not penetrate the approximately 30-m-deep crater-floor inversion. The intruding air, which was up to 5 K warmer than the crater atmosphere, did not extend into the center of the crater, where the nighttime near-isothermal layer in the ambient crater atmosphere remained largely undisturbed. New investigations are suggested to test the hypothesis that the warm-air intrusions are associated with hydraulic jumps.
Measurement of Surface Energy Fluxes from Two Rangeland Sites and Comparison with a Multilayer Canopy Model
Authors: Flerchinger Gerald N. , Reba Michele L. , Marks Danny 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Rangelands are often characterized by a patchy mosaic of vegetation types, making measurement and modeling of surface energy fluxes particularly challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate surface energy fluxes measured using three eddy covariance systems above and within two rangeland vegetation sites and use the data to improve simulations of turbulent energy fluxes in a multilayer plant canopy model: the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model. Model modifications included adjustment of the wind profile roughness parameters for sparse canopies, extending the currently used K-theory approach to include influence of the roughness sublayer and stability functions within the canopy, and in a separate version of the model, introducing Lagrangian far-field turbulent transfer equations (L theory) in lieu of the K-theory approach. There was relatively little difference in simulated energy fluxes for the aspen canopy using L-theory versus K-theory turbulent transfer equations, but L theory tracked canopy air temperature profiles better during the growing season. Upward sensible heat flux was observed above aspen trees, within the aspen understory, and above sagebrush throughout the active snowmelt season. Model simulations confirmed the observed upward sensible flux during snowmelt was due to solar heating of the aspen limbs and sagebrush. Thus, the eddy covariance (EC) systems were unable to properly quantify fluxes at the snow surface when vegetation was present. Good agreement between measured and modeled energy fluxes suggest that they can be measured and simulated reliably in these complex environments, but care must be used in the interpretation of the results.
An Orography-Associated Extreme Rainfall Event during TiMREX: Initiation, Storm Evolution, and Maintenance
Authors: Xu Weixin , Zipser Edward J. , Chen Yi-Leng , Liu Chuntao , Liou Yu-Chieng , Lee Wen-Chau , Jong-Dao Jou Ben 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This study investigates a long-duration mesoscale system with extremely heavy rainfall over southwest Taiwan during the Terrain-influenced Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (TiMREX). This mesoscale convective system develops offshore and stays quasi-stationary over the upstream ocean and southwest coast of Taiwan. New convection keeps developing upstream offshore but decays or dies after moving into the island, dropping the heaviest rain over the upstream ocean and coastal regions. Warm, moist, unstable conditions and a low-level jet (LLJ) are found only over the upstream ocean, while the island of Taiwan is under the control of a weak cold pool. The LLJ is lifted upward at the boundary between the cold pool and LLJ. Most convective clusters supporting the long-lived rainy mesoscale system are initiated and develop along that boundary. The initiation and maintenance is thought to be a “back-building–quasi-stationary” process. The cold pool forms from previous persistent precipitation with a temperature depression of 2°–4°C in the lowest 500 m, while the high terrain in Taiwan is thought to trap the cold pool from spreading or moving. As a result, the orography of Taiwan is “extended” to the upstream ocean and plays an indirect effect on the long-duration mesoscale system.
Moisture Transport into Midlatitudes ahead of Recurving Tropical Cyclones and Its Relevance in Two Predecessor Rain Events
Authors: Schumacher Russ S. , Galarneau Thomas J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Global ensemble forecasts from The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) are used to quantify the magnitude of moisture transport into North America ahead of recurving tropical cyclones (TCs). Two cases in which a predecessor rain event (PRE) occurred ahead of the recurving TC—Erin (2007) and Ike (2008)—are analyzed, with ensemble members correctly predicting TC recurvature contrasted from those predicting the TC to weaken or turn southward. This analysis demonstrates that TC-related moisture transport can increase the total water vapor in the atmosphere over North America by 20 mm or more, and that the moisture transport takes place both in the boundary layer and aloft. The increased moisture does not always correspond to increased rainfall in the ensemble forecasts, however, as the location and strength of baroclinic zones and their attendant secondary circulations that can lift this moist air are also crucial to the development of heavy rains.
A transcriptional-switch model for Slr1738-controlled gene expression in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis
Authors: Garcin Paul , Delalande Olivier , Zhang Ju-Yuan , Cassier-Chauvat Corinne , Chauvat Franck , Boulard Yves 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Protein-DNA interactions play a crucial role in the life of biological organisms in controlling transcription, regulation, as well as DNA recombination and repair. The deep understanding of these processes, which requires the atomic description of the interactions occurring between the proteins and their DNA partners is often limited by the absence of a 3D structure of such complexes.

Results
In this study, using a method combining sequence homology, structural analogy modeling and biochemical data, we first build the 3D structure of the complex between the poorly-characterized PerR-like regulator Slr1738 and its target DNA, which controls the defences against metal and oxidative stresses in Synechocystis. In a second step, we propose an expanded version of the Slr1738-DNA structure, which accommodates the DNA binding of Slr1738 multimers, a feature likely operating in the complex Slr1738-mediated regulation of stress responses. Finally, in agreement with experimental data we present a 3D-structure of the Slr1738-DNA complex resulting from the binding of multimers of the FUR-like regulator onto its target DNA that possesses internal repeats.

Conclusion
Using a combination of different types of data, we build and validate a relevant model of the tridimensional structure of a biologically important protein-DNA complex. Then, based on published observations, we propose more elaborated multimeric models that may be biologically important to understand molecular mechanisms.
Dietary moderately oxidized oil induces expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 in the liver of pigs
Authors: Varady Juliane , Ringseis Robert , Eder Klaus 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), whose expression is induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), has been recently identified as a novel metabolic regulator which plays a crucial role in glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity and obesity. Previous studies have shown that administration of oxidized fats leads to an activation of PPARα in the liver. Therefore, the present study investigated the hypothesis that feeding of oxidized fats causes an induction of FGF21 in the liver.

Methods
Twenty four crossbred pigs were allocated to two groups of 12 pigs each and fed nutritionally adequate diets with either fresh rapeseed oil or oxidized rapeseed oil prepared by heating at a temperature of 175°C for 72 h.

Results
In pigs fed the oxidized fat mRNA abundance and protein concentrations of FGF21 in liver were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the protein concentrations of FGF21 in plasma tended to be increased (P < 0.1) in comparison to control pigs. Moreover, pigs fed the oxidized fat had increased transcript levels of the PPARα target genes acyl-CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and novel organic cation transporter 2 in the liver (P < 0.05), indicative of PPARα activation.

Conclusion
The present study shows for the first time that administration of an oxidized fat induces the expression of FGF21 in the liver, probably mediated by activation of PPARα. Induction of FGF21 could be involved in several effects observed in animals administered an oxidized fat.
Effect of zeolite (clinoptilolite) as feed additive in Tunisian broilers on the total flora, meat texture and the production of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid
Authors: Mallek Zouhir , Fendri Imen , Khannous Lamia , Ben Hassena Amal , Traore Al Ibrahim , Ayadi Mohamed-Ali , Gdoura Radhouane 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Increasing consumer demand for healthier food products has led to the development of governmental policies regarding health claims in many developed countries. In this context, contamination of poultry by food-borne pathogens is considered one of the major problems facing the progress of the poultry industry in Tunisia.

Result
Zeolite (Clinoptilolites) was added to chicken feed at concentrations 0,5% or 1% and was evaluated for its effectiveness to reduce total flora in chickens and its effects on performance of the production. The broilers were given free and continuous access to a nutritionally non-limiting diet (in meal form)that was either a basal diet or a' zeolite diet' (the basal diet supplemented with clinoptilolite at a level of 0,5% or 1%). It was found that adding zeolite in the broiler diet significantly (p < 0,05) reduced total flora levels, as compared to the control, on the chicken body. In addition, it was found that zeolite treatment had a positive effect on performance production and organoleptic parameters that were measured and mainly on the increase level of Omega 3 fatty acid.

Conclusion
This study showed the significance of using zeolite, as a feed additive for broilers, as part of a comprehensive program to control total flora at the broiler farm and to increase level of Omega 3 fatty acid on the chicken body.
MEA: an energy efficient algorithm for dense sector-based wireless sensor networks
Authors: Nickray Mohsen , Afzali-Kusha Ali , Jäntti Riku 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this article, first the energy efficiency of sector-shaped wireless sensor networks is analytically investigated. Based on this study, it is shown that the efficiency of existing data propagation algorithms which consider equal ring width is not optimal and may be improved further. Then, we introduce an energy efficient algorithm for these networks which is called minimum energy algorithm (MEA). The detailed analysis verifies that the proposed algorithm has the minimum energy consumption. Although the main emphasis of the proposed technique is on minimizing the energy, it somehow balances the energy consumption in the sector-shaped network as well. In addition, it is shown that the proposed idea can be applied to all existing energy balancing algorithms. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is studied for networks with different sizes and node densities. The results show that, for example, for a network with a radius of 440 m and four rings when the MEA algorithm is combined with an efficient full power control algorithm (based on equal ring width), the energy conservation increases 50% more. Finally, the results show that the energy conservation of the proposed algorithm increases with the network size.