bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-cost system application for policy assessment: a case study from Berlin
Authors: Caseiro Alexandre , Schmitz Seán , Kerschbaumer Andreas , von Schneidemesser Erika 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Local policies are part of the toolbox available to decision makers to improve air quality but their effectiveness is underevaluated and underreported. We evaluate the impact of the pedestrianization of a street in the city centre of Berlin on the local air pollution. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was measured on the street where the policy was implemented and on two parallel streets using low-cost sensor systems supported by periodic calibrations against reference-grade instruments and constrained by passive samplers. Further measurements of NO2 were conducted with a reference-grade instrument mounted on a mobile platform. The concentrations were evaluated against the urban background (UB) to isolate the policy-related signal from natural fluctuations, long-term trends and the COVID-19 lockdown. Our analysis shows that the most likely result of the intervention is a reduced NO2 concentrations to the level of the UB on weekdays for the pedestrian zone. Kerbside NO2 concentrations exhibited substantial differences to the concentrations measured at lampposts highlighting the difficulty for such measurements to capture personal exposure. The results have implications for policy, showing that an intervention on the local traffic patterns can possibly be effective in improving local air quality.
Wordsworth’s Laughing Company
Authors: Ward Matthew 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
For Wordsworth, laughter and poetry offer themselves as modes of intimacy that hold out the hope of spanning emotional divides. Yet Wordsworthian laughter is less a straightforward articulation of natural affection for all forms of life as it is an examination of what such feelings in all their complexity involve. For Wordsworth, laughter is a means of entertaining sympathy, but also transgressing it: calling attention to its precincts and prejudices. It unsettles the forms of community it promises to foster, or invites consideration of quite what community entails. Laughter is both a sort of joyous and unsettling act of speculation for Wordsworth, layered with risks that his poetry is constantly taking and traversing. Perhaps that is why his laughter so often seems connected to matters of poetry.
Stable dystopia: A critique of the circular definition of stability in Nozick’s model of utopia
Authors: Cato Susumu , Chung Hun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In Part III of Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974), Robert Nozick presents what he calls ‘the model of possible worlds’ (307) to examine the formal properties of utopia, defined as ‘the best of all possible worlds’ (298). The basic idea is that each person is given the power to create any possible world and its inhabitants by imagining them. Two definitions of stability have been proposed: (a) the non-circular definition according to which a world is stable if and only if nobody can imagine a better world and (b) the circular definition according to which a world is stable if and only if nobody can imagine a better world that is also stable. In this paper, we prove four theorems (namely, the indeterminacy theorem, the stable dystopia theorem, the nobody’s utopia theorem and the redundancy theorem) that provide us with decisive reasons to reject the circular definition and opt for the non-circular definition of stability to analyse Nozick’s theory of utopia.
Digest: Pelagic habitats promote speciation but constrain morphological evolution
Authors: Wiese Jonathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
What happens when ecological factors predicted to promote evolutionary change coincide with factors predicted to constrain it? A recent study by Burress and Hart (2024) shows that the transition of North American minnows from a competitive and complex benthic habitat to a noncompetitive and homogeneous pelagic habitat is associated with an increase in speciation rates but a decrease in rates of morphological evolution. These results demonstrate that different dimensions of evolutionary change may respond to different ecological factors.
SHC-3: a previously unidentified C. elegans Shc family member functions in the insulin-like signaling pathway to enhance survival during L1 arrest
Authors: Di Bernardo Mercedes , León Guerrero Victoria L , Sutoski Jacob C , Hardy William Rod , MacNeil Lesley T 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Shc (Src homologous and collagen) proteins function in many different signaling pathways where they mediate phosphorylation-dependent protein–protein interactions. These proteins are characterized by the presence of two phosphotyrosine-binding domains, an N-terminal PTB and a C-terminal SH2. We describe a previously unrecognized Caenorhabditis elegans Shc gene, shc-3 and characterize its role in stress response. Both shc-3 and shc-1 are required for long-term survival in L1 arrest and survival in heat stress, however, they do not act redundantly but rather play distinct roles in these processes. Loss of shc-3 did not further decrease survival of daf-16 mutants in L1 arrest, suggesting that like SHC-1, SHC-3 functions in the insulin-like signaling pathway. In the absence of SHC-3, DAF-16 nuclear entry and exit are slowed, suggesting that SHC-3 is required for rapid changes in DAF-16 signaling.
A spatial approach to jointly estimate Wright's neighborhood size and long-term effective population size
Authors: Hancock Zachary B , Toczydlowski Rachel H , Bradburd Gideon S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Spatially continuous patterns of genetic differentiation, which are common in nature, are often poorly described by existing population genetic theory or methods that assume either panmixia or discrete, clearly definable populations. There is therefore a need for statistical approaches in population genetics that can accommodate continuous geographic structure, and that ideally use georeferenced individuals as the unit of analysis, rather than populations or subpopulations. In addition, researchers are often interested in describing the diversity of a population distributed continuously in space; this diversity is intimately linked to both the dispersal potential and the population density of the organism. A statistical model that leverages information from patterns of isolation by distance to jointly infer parameters that control local demography (such as Wright's neighborhood size), and the long-term effective size (Ne) of a population would be useful. Here, we introduce such a model that uses individual-level pairwise genetic and geographic distances to infer Wright's neighborhood size and long-term Ne. We demonstrate the utility of our model by applying it to complex, forward-time demographic simulations as well as an empirical dataset of the two-form bumblebee (Bombus bifarius). The model performed well on simulated data relative to alternative approaches and produced reasonable empirical results given the natural history of bumblebees. The resulting inferences provide important insights into the population genetic dynamics of spatially structured populations.
Estimating genetic variance contributed by a quantitative trait locus: removing nuisance parameters
Authors: Xu Shizhong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The main objective of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is to identify and locate QTLs on the genome. Estimating the sizes of QTL is equally important as identifying the QTLs. The size of a QTL is often measured by the QTL variance, or the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the QTL, known as the QTL heritability. The reported QTL heritability is biased upward for small-sized QTLs estimated from small samples, especially in GWAS with a very small P-value threshold accommodating to Bonferroni correction for multiple tests. The phenomenon is called the Beavis effect. Methods of correcting the Beavis effect have been developed for additive effect models. Corresponding methods are not available for QTLs with more than one effect, such as QTLs including dominance and other genetic effects. In this study, we developed explicit formulas for estimating the variances and heritability for QTL with multiple effects. We also developed a method to remove nuisance parameters via an annihilator matrix. Finally, biases in estimated QTL variances caused by the Beavis effect are investigated and corrected. The new method is demonstrated by analyzing the 1000 grain weight (KGW) trait in a hybrid rice population.
Evaluation of screening algorithms to detect rectal colonization with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in a resource-limited setting
Authors: Pham Thi Anh Mai , Nguyen Tung Xuan , My Troung Nhat , Le Lan Thi , Vu Huyen Thi , Hoang Ngoc Thi Bich , Tran Dien M , Nguyen Linh Viet , Pham Phuc D , Nurjadi Dennis , Goutard Flavie , Velavan Thirumalaisamy P , Dinh Van Anh Thi , Hounmanou Y M Gildas , Jörgensen Bent , Song Le Huu , Nguyen Nhung T T , Loire Etienne , Östholm Åse , Nilsson Lennart E , Tran Tuyet Hanh T , Phan Phuc H , Dalsgaard Anders , Larsson Mattias , Olson Linus , Hanberger Håkan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To improve and rationalize the detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in rectal swabs in a high-prevalence and resource-constrained setting, addressing surveillance challenges typically encountered in laboratories with limited resources.

Methods
A point prevalence survey (PPS) was conducted on 15 August 2022, in a provincial children’s hospital in northern Vietnam. Rectal swab samples of all admitted children were collected and plated on a selective medium for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were performed by MALDI-TOF, and VITEK2 XL and interpreted according to CLSI breakpoints (2022). Carbapenemases were detected by the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).

Results
Rectal swab samples were obtained from 376 patients. Of 178 isolates growing on the CRE screening agar, 140 isolates were confirmed as Enterobacterales of which 118 (84.3%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and/or ertapenem. CIM and PCR showed that 90/118 (76.3%) were carbapenemase producers. Overall, 83/367 (22.6%) were colonized by CPE. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae complex were the most common CPE detected, with NDM as the predominant carbapenemase (78/90; 86.7%). Phenotypic resistance to meropenem was the best predictor of CPE production (sensitivity 85.6%, specificity 100%) compared with ertapenem resistance (95.6% sensitivity, 36% specificity). CIM was 100% concordant with PCR in detecting carbapenemases.

Conclusions
These findings underscore the effectiveness of meropenem resistance as a robust indicator of the production of carbapenemases and the reliability of the CIM method to detect such carbapenemases in resource-limited settings where the performance of molecular methods is not possible.
Crosstalk between circBMI1 and miR-338-5p/ID4 inhibits acute myeloid leukemia progression
Authors: Su Xiaoyu , Hu Biwen , Yi Jing , Zhao Qian , Zhou Yongqing , Zhu Xin , Wu Delong , Fan Yaohua , Lin Jiang , Cao Chenxi , Deng Zhaoqun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
BMI1 polycomb ring finger proto-oncogene (BMI1) is involved in the pathogenesis of different cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the role of the circular RNA of BMI1 (circBMI1) has not been studied. Our study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of circBMI1 in AML. circBMI1 was significantly decreased in bone marrow mononuclear cells aspirated from patients with AML. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that circBMI1 could distinguish patients with AML from controls. By overexpressing and knocking down circBMI1 in HL-60 cells, we found that circBMI1 inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and increased chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity in AML. Experiments using severe combined immune-deficient mice and circBMI1 transgenic mice showed that mice with circBMI1 overexpression had lower white blood cell counts, which suggested less severe AML invasion. RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed binding sites among circBMI1, miR-338-5p, and inhibitor of DNA-binding protein 4 (ID4). Rescue experiments proved that circBMI1 inhibited AML progression by binding to miR-338-5p, which affected the expression of ID4. By coculturing exosomes extracted from circBMI1-HL-60 and small interfering circBMI1-HL-60 cells with HL-60 cells, we found that exosomes from circBMI1-HL-60 cells showed tumor-suppressive effects, namely inhibiting HL-60 proliferation, promoting apoptosis, and increasing chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. Exosomes from small interfering circBMI1-HL-60 cells showed the opposite effects. circBMI1 may act as an exosome-dependent tumor inhibitor. circBMI1, a potential biomarker for clinical diagnosis, acts as a tumor suppressor in AML by regulating miR-338-5p/ID4 and might affect the pathogenesis of AML by exosome secretion.
The impact of generative artificial intelligence on socioeconomic inequalities and policy making
Authors: Capraro Valerio , Lentsch Austin , Acemoglu Daron , Akgun Selin , Akhmedova Aisel , Bilancini Ennio , Bonnefon Jean-François , Brañas-Garza Pablo , Butera Luigi , Douglas Karen M , Everett Jim A C , Gigerenzer Gerd , Greenhow Christine , Hashimoto Daniel A , Holt-Lunstad Julianne , Jetten Jolanda , Johnson Simon , Kunz Werner H , Longoni Chiara , Lunn Pete , Natale Simone , Paluch Stefanie , Rahwan Iyad , Selwyn Neil , Singh Vivek , Suri Siddharth , Sutcliffe Jennifer , Tomlinson Joe , van der Linden Sander , Van Lange Paul A M , Wall Friederike , Van Bavel Jay J , Viale Riccardo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to both exacerbate and ameliorate existing socioeconomic inequalities. In this article, we provide a state-of-the-art interdisciplinary overview of the potential impacts of generative AI on (mis)information and three information-intensive domains: work, education, and healthcare. Our goal is to highlight how generative AI could worsen existing inequalities while illuminating how AI may help mitigate pervasive social problems. In the information domain, generative AI can democratize content creation and access but may dramatically expand the production and proliferation of misinformation. In the workplace, it can boost productivity and create new jobs, but the benefits will likely be distributed unevenly. In education, it offers personalized learning, but may widen the digital divide. In healthcare, it might improve diagnostics and accessibility, but could deepen pre-existing inequalities. In each section, we cover a specific topic, evaluate existing research, identify critical gaps, and recommend research directions, including explicit trade-offs that complicate the derivation of a priori hypotheses. We conclude with a section highlighting the role of policymaking to maximize generative AI's potential to reduce inequalities while mitigating its harmful effects. We discuss strengths and weaknesses of existing policy frameworks in the European Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom, observing that each fails to fully confront the socioeconomic challenges we have identified. We propose several concrete policies that could promote shared prosperity through the advancement of generative AI. This article emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaborations to understand and address the complex challenges of generative AI.
Book bans in political context: Evidence from US schools
Authors: Goncalves Marcelo S O , Langrock Isabelle , LaViolette Jack , Spoon Katie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the 2021–2022 school year, more books were banned in US school districts than in any previous year. Book banning and other forms of information censorship have serious implications for democratic processes, and censorship has become a central theme of partisan political rhetoric in the United States. However, there is little empirical work on the exact content, predictors of, and repercussions of this rise in book bans. Using a comprehensive dataset of 2,532 bans that occurred during the 2021–2022 school year from PEN America, combined with county-level administrative data, multiple book-level digital trace datasets, restricted-use book sales data, and a new crowd-sourced dataset of author demographic information, we find that (i) banned books are disproportionately written by people of color and feature characters of color, both fictional and historical, in children's books; (ii) right-leaning counties that have become less conservative over time are more likely to ban books than neighboring counties; and (iii) national and state levels of interest in books are largely unaffected after they are banned. Together, these results suggest that rather than serving primarily as a censorship tactic, book banning in this recent US context, targeted at low-interest children's books featuring diverse characters, is more similar to symbolic political action to galvanize shrinking voting blocs.
Relationship between menopausal hormone therapy and colorectal cancer: a cohort study utilizing the health insurance database in South Korea (HISK)-II
Authors: Yuk Jin-Sung , Noh Ji Hyun , Kim Myoung Hwan , Han Gwan Hee , Kim Jungbin , Cho Hyunjin , Gwak Geumhee , Lee Yujin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Many studies have demonstrated that menopausal hormone therapy is associated with a reduced risk for colorectal cancer. This study investigated the relationship between specific hormone therapy regimens and colorectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women in South Korea using national insurance claims data.

Methods
This population-based, retrospective cohort study used insurance data provided by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service between 2007 and 2020. The hormone therapy group comprised women ≥40 years of age who underwent hormone therapy for the first time between 2011 and 2014. The control group included women ≥40 years of age who visited medical institutions for menopause-related issues during the same period but did not undergo hormone therapy.

Results
After 1:1 propensity score matching, 153,736 women were grouped into either the hormone therapy or nonhormone therapy groups. The incidence of colorectal cancer was 46 and 53 per 100,000 person-years in the nonhormone therapy and hormone therapy groups, respectively. Hormone therapy was associated with an increased risk for colorectal cancer (hazard ratio 1.124 [95% confidence interval 1.002-1.261]). Subgroup analysis, according to hormone therapy type, revealed no significant differences in the risk of colorectal cancer for estrogen plus progestogen or estrogen therapy alone; however, tibolone was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer compared to nonhormone therapy (hazard ratio, 1.178 [95% confidence interval, 1.021-1.359]).

Conclusions
This study found an increased risk of colorectal cancer in women receiving hormone therapy, and tibolone was significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. However, the magnitude of the increase was small and unlikely to be of clinical significance.
Analysis of the functional role and mRNA expression of GABABR in the nucleus accumbens of cocaine-addicted rats
Authors: Lan Yan-Ping , Ding Chen-Zhe , Xia Jian-Xue , Yang Yun-Zhen , Zhao Yan-Bin 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Drug addiction is a social and medical problem that must be urgently addressed. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is closely related to addiction-related learning memory, and γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor (GABABR) is a potential target for the treatment of drug addiction. However, the role of GABABR activity levels in the NAc in cocaine addiction is unclear.

Methods:
In this study, we established an animal model of cocaine dependence, modulated the level of GABABR activity, applied a conditioned place preference assay (CPP) to assess the role of the NAc in reconsolidation of addiction memory, evaluated learning and memory functions by behavioral experiments, examined the expression of GB1, GB2, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB), p-CREB, protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase (ERK), and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the NAc by molecular biology experiments, and screened differentially significantly expressed genes by transcriptome sequencing.

Results:
Our study showed that the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen (BLF) had a significant effect on locomotor distance in rats, promoted an increase in GABA levels and significantly inhibited the PKA and ERK1/2/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing showed that GABABR antagonist intervention identified a total of 21 upregulated mRNAs and 21 downregulated mRNAs. The differentially expressed (DE) mRNA genes were mainly enriched in tyrosine metabolism; however, further study is needed.

Conclusion:
GABABR activity in the NAc is involved in the regulation of cocaine addiction and may play an important role through key mRNA pathways.
A Qualitative Evaluation of the Acceptability of Shigellosis Prevention Recommendations Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Burns-Lynch Claire , Garcia-Williams Amanda , Besrat Bethlehem , Kachur Rachel , Rosenberger Joshua , Rutt Candace , Vanden Esschert Kayla 
Published: June 2024

Background
Shigellosis is diarrheal disease caused by highly infectious Shigella bacteria. Shigella can spread in multiple ways, including sexual contact. Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men are particularly at risk for shigellosis.

Methods
To evaluate the acceptability of 3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–developed behavioral recommendations for the prevention of sexually transmitted shigellosis, virtual in-depth interviews were conducted among 26 gay or bisexual men in March to May 2021.

Results
Participants had a median age of 25 years; 65% were non-Hispanic White, 12% were Hispanic White, 12% Asian, 4% Hispanic Black, and 8% multiracial/other. Respondents indicated willingness to engage in certain prevention behaviors (e.g., washing hands, genitals, and anus before and after sex), but were less willing to engage in behaviors that were viewed as outside social norms or difficult to practice (e.g., dental dams for oral-anal contact; latex gloves for fingering or fisting). Respondents thought recommendations may be more feasible if knowledge of shigellosis was greater; however, some perceived that the severity of shigellosis is low and did not warrant the effort of engaging in prevention behaviors.

Conclusions
Educational efforts to increase awareness of shigellosis and other enteric diseases spread through sexual contact are needed and public health practitioners should consider the acceptability of how realistic it is for individuals to engage in certain prevention behaviors. Rather than recommending behaviors that do not have buy-in, it may be more efficacious to focus recommendations on adopting behaviors reported as acceptable to the target audience.