bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a sheathless nanospray interface based on a porous tip sprayer for CE‐ESI‐MS coupling
Authors: Bonvin Grégoire , Veuthey Jean‐Luc , Rudaz Serge , Schappler Julie 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful method to obtain high efficient, sensitive, and selective analyses. The successful coupling with electrospray ionization (ESI) source requires closed electric circuits for both the CE separation and the ESI processes. A wide range of interfaces has been proposed to satisfy this requirement. Among them, the new high sensitivity porous sprayer based on a porous tip achieves the electric connection by inserting the capillary outlet made of a porous material into an ESI needle filled with a conductive liquid and independently grounded. This device is compatible with the minute flow rates exhibited in CE and therefore makes possible the use of a nano‐electrospray behavior. In this work, this interface was evaluated for hyphenating a CE with a single quadrupole MS instrument for low molecular weight analytes. Investigations aimed at highlighting the most influent parameters thanks to a design of experiments, reaching the best performance in terms of sensitivity and stability. MS signal intensities of various pharmaceutical compounds (e.g. amphetamines, β‐blockers) emphasized high sensitivity and efficiency, while repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation of corrected heights and areas, was suitable for quantitative purposes (<5%).
Strain model for traditional and self‐compacting concrete during fire
Authors: Annerel Emmanuel , Taerwe Luc 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a complete strain model is derived that describes the strains developed during fire (up to 400 °C) and is based on the model of Anderberg et al., published in 1976. This model describes the total measured deformation as a superposition of four strain types: free thermal strain, instantaneous stress‐related strain, creep strain and transient strain. The strains are derived from loading tests on cylinders with dimensions Ø106 × 320 mm, submitted to load ratios of 0%, 20% and 30% of the initial strength before heating. For damage to the oven to be avoided, the instantaneous stress‐related strain is found from Young's modulus tests immediately after cooling. All tests occurred at a heating rate of 5 °C/min, and the specimens were pre‐dried to avoid explosive spalling. The investigated concretes are a traditional and a self‐compacting concrete with a testing age of about 30 months. Only small differences between both concrete types are found for the transient strain despite the different fracture of cement matrix. For the studied test conditions, the modern siliceous concretes such as self‐compacting concrete yielded similar results as the traditional siliceous concretes tested in the 1970s. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MEDICAL REGULATION AND HEALTH OUTCOMES: THE EFFECT OF THE PHYSICIAN EXAMINATION REQUIREMENT
Authors: Cotet Anca M. , Benjamin Daniel K. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the effect on health outcomes of the regulation prohibiting physicians from prescribing drugs without a prior physical examination. This requirement could improve health by reducing illegal access to prescription drugs. However, it reduces access to health care by making it more difficult for patients and physicians to use many forms of telemedicine. Thus, this regulation generates a trade‐off between access and safety. Using matching techniques, we find that the physician examination requirement leads to an increase of 1% in mortality rates from disease, the equivalent of 8.5 more deaths per 100,000 people, and a decrease of 6.7% in injury mortality, the equivalent of 2.5 deaths per 100,000 people. The magnitude of these effects is larger in rural areas and in areas with low physician density and is accompanied by an 18% increase in the number of days lost each month to illness. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biocompatibility of polymethylmethacrylate resins used in dentistry
Authors: Gautam Rupali , Singh Raghuwar D. , Sharma Vinod P. , Siddhartha Ramashanker , Chand Pooran , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBiocompatibility or tissue compatibility describes the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response when applied as intended. Poly‐methylmethacrylate (PMMA) based resins are most widely used resins in dentistry, especially in fabrication of dentures and orthodontic appliances. They are considered cytotoxic on account of leaching of various potential toxic substances, most common being residual monomer. Various in vitro and in vivo experiments and cell based studies conducted on acrylic based resins or their leached components have shown them to have cytotoxic effects. They can cause mucosal irritation and tissue sensitization. These studies are not only important to evaluate the long term clinical effect of these materials, but also help in further development of alternate resins. This article reviews information from scientific full articles, reviews, or abstracts published in dental literature, associated with biocompatibility of PMMA resins and it is leached out components. Published materials were searched in dental literature using general and specialist databases, like the PubMED database. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Hydrodynamic shear‐stress‐dependent retention of endothelial and endothelial progenitor cells adhered to vascular endothelial growth factor‐fixed surfaces
Authors: Kawahara Daigo , Matsuda Takehisa 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe luminal surfaces of small‐diameter artificial vascular grafts must be fully endothelialized to be nonthrombogenic following implantation. To achieve this goal, we have attempted to capture circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in situ on the luminal surfaces of implanted grafts. We examined potential receptor–ligand pairs that promote selective and tight adhesion of EPCs using a radial flow chamber comprising three regions, each containing a specific protein‐bound substrate: fibronectin (FN) for integrin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti‐Flk‐1 antibody for VEGF receptor. In the presence of shear stress, the greatest retention of endothelial cells and EPCs was observed with FN followed by VEGF and then anti‐Flk‐1 antibody. Regardless of the bound protein, cell adhesion increased with larger areas of cell adhesion and enhanced cell spreading; the latter was also greatest with FN followed by VEGF and then anti‐Flk‐1 antibody. The distribution of vinculin—a key protein in focal adhesion plaques—in adherent endothelial cells was examined using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy; FN‐bound surfaces resulted in larger areas of adhesion and more focal adhesion plaques compared with surfaces bound with VEGF. On the other hand, examining these parameters relative to the area of cell adhesion revealed that VEGF‐bound surfaces resulted in larger focal adhesion areas and greater fluorescence signals, both of which indicate increased resistance to shear stress. We also discuss in situ capturing of EPCs on surfaces bound with VEGF or anti‐Flk‐1 antibody, with the goal of creating endothelialized small‐diameter vascular grafts. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
LC–ESI/MS Analysis of Levodopa and Methyldopa (IS) in Beagle Dog Pharmacokinetic Study after Oral Administration and Domperidone Given in Advance
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Yan , Zhou Wei , Xu Yong , Zhang Yu‐Xi , Yang Jing , Duan Geng‐Li 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA simple, sensitive and accurate method was developed for the quantification of levodopa and methyldopa (IS) in beagle dog plasma by LC–ESI/MS, chromatographic separation was carried out by a Diamonsil C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 mm) with an ODS guard column maintained at 30 °C. The mobile phase was methanol (A) and 0.5% formic acid aqueous solution (B) system in the gradient elution profile, the retention time of levodopa and IS were 4.8 and 6.1 min, respectively, linear range for levodopa concentration was 0.08‐20.0 μg/mL in plasma samples with a correlation coefficient(r) of 0.9978, the limit of detection was 32 ng/mL. CV of intra‐day and inter‐day assays were all less than 15%, mean recoveries of levodopa were all more than 90% in 0.32, 1.6 and 16.0 μg/mL concentrations of levodopa (n = 3). The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of levodopa in plasma samples, pharmacokinetic of levodopa following a single oral dose of compound levodopa tablets and antiemetic drug – domperidone administrated to beagle dogs has been carried out, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of levodopa with domperidone were as follows: Tmax (0.50 ± 0.18) h, Cmax (39.72 ± 7.91) μg/mL, tl/2 (0.65 ± 0.07) h, AUCo‐t (49.01 ± 12.13) μg·h/mL , AUCo‐∞ (49.10 ± 12.16) μg·h/mL, we also evaluated the effect of domperidone on pharmacokinetics of levodopa in beagle dog. We thought non‐oral sustained‐release formulations should be a very good choice instead of this common oral dosage forms on the market, the test results can provide a reference for clinical trials on drug therapy of Parkinson‘s disease.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Technical Properties of Novel Cationic Mono‐s‐chloro Triazinyl (MCT) Reactive Dyes on Cotton
Authors: Javadi Marzieh S. , Mokhtari Javad 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTwo novel cationic mono‐s‐chloro triazinyl (MCT) reactive dyes together with their analogues were synthesized via reacting an N,N‐dimethyl dodecylamine with p‐nitrobenzyl bromide. The resultant was reduced using stannous chloride and hydrochloric acid to produce the primary amine. The quaternary ammonium salt containing primary amine was then diazotized and coupled to H‐acid/J‐acid reacted with cyanuric chloride and sulfanilic acid. The analogue dyes were prepared via the same route without quaternary ammonium salt making stage. The dyes were characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, UV‐Vis spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The substantivity, exhaustion and fixation of the dyes were investigated on cotton fabric. It was found that these functional dyes could be effectively introduced to cotton for achieving simultaneous coloration and functional finishing effects. All the dyed fabrics exhibited softening efficacy. The washing and light fastness of the dyed samples were further studied.
Electrochemical Behavior and Voltammetric Determination of Ketamine at Pulse Plating Gold Film Modified Platinum Electrode
Authors: Zhou Jing , Xu Ying , Wang Le , Liu Jie , Li Yamin , Ye Baoxian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn ultrastable chemical modified electrode (CME) was fabricated conveniently based on gold film by pulse plating of chloroauric acid on Pt disk electrode. As a novel modifying method of making CME, the CME was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and used as a voltammetric sensor for Ketamine. This thin gold film modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalysis to Ketamine oxidation. Based on this CME, detection of Ketamine by voltammetry was first erected with a fast‐response and wide responding linear range. Further experiments demonstrated that this CME has good stability, repeatability and reproducibility. The established method is accurate, reliable, and can be used for the quality control of Ketamine hydrochloride injection.
REMITTANCES AND GROWTH IN SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM A PANEL CAUSALITY TEST
Authors: Ahamada Ibrahim , Coulibaly Dramane 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the causality between remittances and economic growth in Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries. We employ the panel Granger causality testing approach that is based on seemingly unrelated regressions systems and Wald tests with country‐specific bootstrap critical values. Using annual data over the period 1980–2007 for 20 SSA countries, we find that in any SSA country, there is no causality between remittances and growth. An explanation of why remittances do not increase growth in SSA countries is given by the causality test that shows that remittances do not increase physical capital investment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leadership styles and gender: An extension
Authors: Singh Parbudyal , Nadim Abbas , Ezzedeen Souha R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLeadership remains an elusive concept despite decades of research. In this paper, we attempt to deconstruct the concept by exploring the possibility of developing new measures of leadership, focusing on the attributes of “good” and “bad” leaders. Using a sample of 312 managers, we conducted factor analyses to reduce 13 “good” leadership attributes to two factors, the “visionary” and the “good,” and 13 “bad” attributes to two factors, the “inept” and the “evil.” Second, we assessed how male and female followers perceive the leadership styles of their best and worst bosses. We found that women viewed their best bosses differently from their male counterparts on several dimensions; however, there is little contrast in how bad bosses are perceived by men and women.
Re‐dispersible Anisotropic and Structured Nanoparticles: Formation and Their Subsequent Shape Change
Authors: Herrmann Christine , Bannwarth Markus B. , Landfester Katharina , Crespy Daniel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAnisotropic nanoparticles in comparison to spherical nanoparticles show significant differences in cellular interactions and cellular uptake. In order to enable the use of non‐spherical nanoparticles for biomedical application, their synthesis as well as their re‐dispersion in aqueous media is crucial. We show here the synthesis of a wide variety of differently functionalized anisotropic nanoparticles and capsules. Non‐spherical nanocapsules, functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as contrast agents, and shape changing nanoparticles were synthesized and their re‐ dispersibility in water investigated.
THE DESIGN AND USE OF PERFORMANCE INFORMATION IN INDONESIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS UNDER DIVERGING STAKEHOLDER PRESSURES
Authors: Mimba Ni Putu S. H. , van Helden G. Jan , Tillema Sandra 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYPublic sector managers in less developed countries are confronted with opposing forces. A lack of sufficient resources along with a tradition of corruption are obstacles for developing and using performance measurement systems. However, recent public sector reforms in less developed countries, including decentralisation and anti‐corruption programmes, stimulate the development and use of such systems. On the basis of a framework, which distinguishes different types of stakeholders, each with particular performance interests, we analyse how public sector managers are coping with the two opposing forces, given the relative power positions and the interests of their stakeholders. On the basis of four cases studies of local government agencies in Bali (Indonesia), we found that with respect to the annual performance reports, managers in these agencies focus more on fulfilling the formal requirements regarding the format of these reports and on their timely submission than on their contents, which are all symptoms of a symbolic rather than functional use of performance information. However, the reports include information on inputs that is linked to similar information in short‐term reports, which the managers use in a functional manner. These managers show a kind of juggling behaviour, in the sense that they partially try to serve conflicting performance interests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The tumour suppressor Fhit positively regulates MHC class I expression on cancer cells
Authors: Romero Irene , Martinez Marisol , Garrido Cristina , Collado Antonia , Algarra Ignacio , Garrido Federico , Garcia‐Lora Angel M 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMHC class I (MHC‐I) molecules are ubiquitously expressed on the cells of an organism. Study of the regulation of these molecules in normal and disease conditions is important. In tumour cells, the expression of MHC‐I molecules is very frequently lost, allowing these cells to evade the immune response. Cancers of different histology have shown total loss of MHC‐I molecule expression, due to a coordinated transcriptional down‐regulation of various antigen‐processing machinery (APM) components and/or MHC‐I heavy chains. The mechanisms responsible for these alterations remain unclear. We determined the possible genes involved by comparing MHC‐I‐positive with MHC‐I‐negative murine metastases derived from the same fibrosarcoma tumour clone. MHC‐I‐negative metastases showed transcriptional down‐regulation of APM and MHC‐I heavy chains. The use of microarrays and subtraction cDNA libraries revealed four candidate genes responsible for this alteration, but two of them were ruled out by real‐time RT‐PCR analyses. The other two genes, AP‐2α and Fhit tumour suppressors, were studied by using siRNA to silence their expression in a MHC‐I‐positive metastatic cell line. AP‐2α inhibition did not modify transcriptional expression of APM components or MHC‐I heavy chains or surface expression of MHC‐I. In contrast, silencing of the Fhit gene produced the transcriptional down‐regulation of APM components and MHC‐I heavy chains and decreased MHC‐I surface expression. Moreover, transfection of Fhit in MHC‐I‐negative tumour cell lines restored MHC‐I cell surface expression. These data indicate that defects in Fhit expression may promote MHC‐I down‐regulation in cancer cells and allow escape from immunosurveillance#. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lack of microRNA‐101 causes E‐cadherin functional deregulation through EZH2 up‐regulation in intestinal gastric cancer
Authors: Carvalho Joana , van Grieken Nicole C , Pereira Patricia M , Sousa Sónia , Tijssen Marianne , Buffart Tineke E , Diosdado Begoña , Grabsch Heike , Santos Manuel AS , Meijer Gerrit , Seruca Raquel , Carvalho Beatriz , Oliveira Carla 
Published: March 2012

AbstractE‐cadherin expression disruption is commonly observed in metastatic epithelial cancers and is a crucial step in gastric cancer (GC) initiation and progression. As aberrant expression of microRNAs often perturb the normal expression/function of pivotal cancer‐related genes, we characterized and dissected a pathway that causes E‐cadherin dysfunction via loss of microRNA‐101 and up‐regulation of EZH2 expression in GC. MicroRNA microarray expression profiling and array‐CGH were used to reinforce miR‐101 involvement in GC. By using quantitative real‐time PCR and quantitative SNaPshot genomic PCR, we confirmed that miR‐101 was significantly down‐regulated in GC (p < 0.0089) in comparison with normal gastric mucosas and, at least in 65% of the GC cases analysed, this down‐regulation was caused by deletions and/or microdeletions at miR‐101 genomic loci. Moreover, around 40% of cases showing miR‐101 down‐regulation displayed concomitant EZH2 over‐expression (at the RNA and protein levels), which, in turn, was associated with loss/aberrant expression of E‐cadherin. Interestingly, this occurred preferentially in intestinal‐type GCs, retaining allele(s) untargeted by classical CDH1‐inactivating mechanisms. We also demonstrated that miR‐101 gain of function or direct inhibition of EZH2 in Kato III GC cells led to a strong depletion of endogenous EZH2 and consequent rescue of E‐cadherin membranous localization, mimicking results obtained in clinical GC samples. In conclusion, we show that deletions and/or microdeletions at both miR‐101 genomic loci cause mature miR‐101 down‐regulation, subsequent EZH2 over‐expression and E‐cadherin dysfunction, specifically in intestinal‐type GC. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services national coverage determination on erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent and transfusion use in chemotherapy‐treated cancer patients
Authors: Arneson Thomas J. , Li Shuling , Gilbertson David T. , Bridges Kenneth R. , Acquavella John F. , Collins Allan J. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeIn July 2007, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services released a national coverage determination (NCD) for erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (ESA) use in cancer patients, mandating payment restrictions likely to reduce ESA use and possibly increase red blood cell transfusions. We aimed to quantify ESA and transfusion use pre‐NCD and post‐NCD.MethodsMedicare 5% sample data, 2005–2007, were used. Patients were 66 years or older, had lung, breast, or colorectal cancer or lymphomas, and initiated chemotherapy in pre‐NCD and post‐NCD periods (September–November 2006, September–November 2007). ESA use and transfusions were identified from claims. Differences in proportions of patients using ESAs and receiving transfusions pre‐NCD and post‐NCD were evaluated using logistic regression; differences in transfusion event rates were evaluated using a Poisson model.ResultsThe pre‐NCD cohort included 1897 patients and the post‐NCD cohort 1877. In the pre‐NCD cohort, 31% of patients had lung cancer, 29% lymphoma, 20% colorectal cancer, and 20% breast cancer; distribution was similar in the post‐NCD cohort. Overall, ESA use decreased from 35.0% pre‐NCD to 15.2% post‐NCD. Transfusion use increased from 9.3% to 10.4%, and transfusion event rates from 19.0 to 21.8 per 100 patient‐quarters. Results adjusted for baseline characteristics and comorbid conditions were similar. ESA use reduction achieved statistical significance; transfusion use and rate increases did not.ConclusionsESA use decreased sharply post‐NCD. This was accompanied by an estimated 1.1% (95% confidence interval −0.8% to 3.0%) absolute increase in transfusion use. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drawing and ultimate tensile properties of nylon 6/nylon 6 clay composite fibers
Authors: Yeh Jen‐Taut , Wang Chuen‐Kai , Liu Zhi‐Wei , Li Peng , Tsou Chi‐Hui , Lai Yu‐Ching , Tsai Fang‐Chang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study systematically investigated the drawing and ultimate tenacity properties of the Nylon 6 (NY6)/nylon 6 clay (NYC) composite fiber specimens prepared at varying NYC contents and drawing temperatures. The achievable draw ratio (Dra) values of NY6x(NYC)y as‐spun fiber specimens initially increase in conjunction with NYC content, and then approach a maximum value, as their NYC contents and drawing temperature approach the 0.5 wt% and 120°C, respectively. The percentage crystallinity (Xc) values of NY6x(NYC)y as‐spun fiber specimens increased significantly, as their NYC contents increased from 0 to 2 wt%. As revealed by high power wide angle X‐ray diffraction analysis, α form NY6 crystals grew at the expense of γ form NY6 crystals originally present in NY6x(NYC)y as‐spun fiber specimens as their draw ratios increased. The ultimate modulus, tenacity, and orientation factor values of NY6x(NYC)y fiber specimens approach a maximum value, as their NYC contents and drawing temperatures approach the 0.5 wt% and 120°C optimum values, respectively. The thermal and melt shear viscosity experiments were performed on NY6x(NYC)y resins and/or fiber specimens to determine the optimum NYC content and possible deformation mechanisms accounting for the interesting drawing, orientation, and ultimate tenacity properties found above. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers