bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of subliminal priming in lie detection: Scenario for identification of members of a terrorist ring
Authors: Lui Ming , Rosenfeld J. Peter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe studied a lie detection protocol immune to countermeasures. The 4 stimulus conditions were (1 and 2) supraliminal acquaintance name primed by subliminal acquaintance name (A‐A) versus subliminal nonacquaintance name (N‐A) and (3 and 4) supraliminal nonacquaintance name primed by subliminal acquaintance name (A‐N) versus subliminal nonacquaintance name (N‐N). In Experiment 1 and replication, principal components analysis‐derived event‐related potential components revealed significant differences between dishonestly answered supraliminal acquaintance conditions with differing primes (A‐A vs. N‐A). In Experiment 2 subjects were required to lie in A‐N and N‐N conditions, in contrast to Experiment 1, in which subjects lied in A‐A and N‐A conditions. No significant effects were found. In Experiment 3, the lying task was removed and no significant differences were found. We conclude that subliminal primes modulate ERPs in conditions with supraliminal acquaintance name when the task involves lying.
Genetic and environmental influences on frontal EEG asymmetry and alpha power in 9–10‐year‐old twins
Authors: Gao Yu , Tuvblad Catherine , Raine Adrian , Lozano Dora I. , Baker Laura A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractModest genetic influences on frontal EEG asymmetry have been found in adults, but little is known about its genetic origins in children. Resting frontal asymmetry and alpha power were examined in 951 9–10‐year‐old twins. Results showed that in both males and females: (1) a modest but significant amount of variance in frontal asymmetry was accounted for by genetic factors (11–28%) with the remainder accounted for by non‐shared environmental influences, and (2) alpha power were highly heritable, with 71–85% of the variance accounted for by genetic factors. Results suggest that the genetic architecture of frontal asymmetry and alpha power in late childhood are similar to that in adulthood and that the high non‐shared environmental influences on frontal asymmetry may reflect environmentally influenced individual differences in the maturation of frontal cortex as well as state‐dependent influences on specific measurements.
A simple classification tool for single‐trial analysis of ERP components
Authors: Bandt Christoph , Weymar Mathias , Samaga Daniel , Hamm Alfons O. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEvent‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded by measuring a dense sensor EEG from eight healthy volunteers in a visual oddball experiment. Single trials were analyzed with an extremely simple high‐dimensional version of discriminant analysis. The question was how many of the target trials contribute to the average P3, and to test whether other components in the ERP are sensitive to discriminate between target and non‐target trials. One common classification rule for all participants expressing the P3 component correctly classified 88% of the ERPs of all subjects in response to a target or non‐target trial. For four of the eight participants, there were strong differences in an early ERP component over the occipital recording sites. Their individual classification rules, obtained from the training data in the time interval up to 200 ms, correctly classified 85% of the trials of the test data.
Biochemical and behavioural characterization of EMPA, a novel high‐affinity, selective antagonist for the OX2 receptor
Authors: Malherbe P , Borroni E , Gobbi L , Knust H , Nettekoven M , Pinard E , Roche O , Rogers‐Evans M , Wettstein JG , Moreau J‐L 
Published: April 2009

Background and purpose:  The OX2 receptor is a G‐protein‐coupled receptor that is abundantly found in the tuberomammillary nucleus, an important site for the regulation of the sleep‐wake state. Herein, we describe the in vitro and in vivo properties of a selective OX2 receptor antagonist, N‐ethyl‐2‐[(6‐methoxy‐pyridin‐3‐yl)‐(toluene‐2‐sulphonyl)‐amino]‐N‐pyridin‐3‐ylmethyl‐acetamide (EMPA).Experimental approach:  The affinity of [3H]EMPA was assessed in membranes from HEK293‐hOX2‐cells using saturation and binding kinetics. The antagonist properties of EMPA were determined by Schild analysis using the orexin‐A‐ or orexin‐B‐induced accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphates (IP). Quantitative autoradiography was used to determine the distribution and abundance of OX2 receptors in rat brain. The in vivo activity of EMPA was assessed by reversal of [Ala11,D‐Leu15]orexin‐B‐induced hyperlocomotion during the resting phase in mice and the reduction of spontaneous locomotor activity (LMA) during the active phase in rats.Key results:  [3H]EMPA bound to human and rat OX2‐HEK293 membranes with KD values of 1.1 and 1.4 nmol·L−1 respectively. EMPA competitively antagonized orexin‐A‐ and orexin‐B‐evoked accumulation of [3H]IP at hOX2 receptors with pA2 values of 8.6 and 8.8 respectively. Autoradiography of rat brain confirmed the selectivity of [3H]EMPA for OX2 receptors. EMPA significantly reversed [Ala11,D‐Leu15]orexin‐B‐induced hyperlocomotion dose‐dependently during the resting phase in mice. EMPA, injected i.p. in rats during the active phase, reduced LMA dose‐dependently. EMPA did not impair performance of rats in the rotarod procedure.Conclusions and implications:  EMPA is a high‐affinity, reversible and selective OX2 receptor antagonist, active in vivo, which should prove useful for analysis of OX2 receptor function.
3D information extraction from laser point clouds covering complex road junctions
Authors: Oude Elberink Sander J. , Vosselman George 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn automated method for 3D modelling of complex highway interchanges is presented. Laser data and 2D topographic map data have been combined in an innovative 3D reconstruction procedure. Complex situations as shown in this paper demand knowledge to guide the automatic reconstruction. This knowledge has been used in the fusion procedure to constrain the topological and geometrical properties of the reconstructed 3D model. These additions are needed to take care of the lack of data in occluded areas. Laser data has been segmented and filtered before it is fused with map data. In the surface‐growing algorithm combining map and laser points, the laser data is assigned to the corresponding road element. Although results are shown using two specific data sources, the algorithm is designed to be capable of dealing with any polygon‐based topographic map and any aerial laser scanner data‐set.
A photogrammetric application in virtual sport training
Authors: Chong Albert K. , Croft Hayden G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe paper discusses an application of close range photogrammetry for the development of a virtual training system for rugby football, and the use of the technique for the evaluation of rugby players’ performance. NuView, a stereo‐imaging device, and a digital high‐definition video (HDV) camera were used to capture stereoscopic video footage of players during field training. The left view and the right view were colour‐tinted cyan and red, respectively. The tinted stereo (anaglyph) views were projected onto a white screen, and players were instructed to practise ball‐throwing at the screen. A custom‐built laser device (TAM) measured the accuracy of the virtual throws. In addition, a photogrammetric system was used to track the movement of body segments, for example, the angle of shoulder orientation and the trunk flexion of the thrower. The measurements determined the parameters needed for an accurate throw and these parameters would be used in the training of new players. The study shows statistically significant differences in the values of these parameters between experienced and inexperienced players.
Superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide inhibit proliferation of activated rat stellate cells and induce different modes of cell death
Authors: Dunning Sandra , Hannivoort Rebekka A. , De Boer Jan Freark , Buist‐Homan Manon , Faber Klaas Nico , Moshage Han 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground: In chronic liver injury, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) proliferate and produce excessive amounts of connective tissue causing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Oxidative stress has been implicated as a driving force of HSC activation and proliferation, although contradictory results have been described.Aim: To determine the effects of oxidative stress on activated HSC proliferation, survival and signalling pathways.Methods: Serum‐starved culture‐activated rat HSCs were exposed to the superoxide anion donor menadione (5–25 μmol/L) or hydrogen peroxide (0.2–5 mmol/L). Haem oxygenase‐1 mRNA expression, glutathione status, cell death, phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinases and proliferation were investigated.Results: Menadione induced apoptosis in a dose‐ and time‐dependent, but caspase‐independent manner. Hydrogen peroxide induced necrosis only at extremely high concentrations. Both menadione and hydrogen peroxide activated Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. Hydrogen peroxide also activated extracellular signal‐regulated protein. Menadione, but not hydrogen peroxide, reduced cellular glutathione levels. Inhibition of JNK or supplementation of glutathione reduced menadione‐induced apoptosis. Non‐toxic concentrations of menadione or hydrogen peroxide inhibited platelet‐derived growth factor‐ or/and serum‐induced proliferation.Conclusion: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibit HSC proliferation and promote HSC cell death in vitro. Different ROS induce different modes of cell death. Superoxide anion‐induced HSC apoptosis is dependent on JNK activation and glutathione status.
Outcomes of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt through the left branch vs. the right branch of the portal vein in advanced cirrhosis: a randomized trial
Authors: Chen Lei , Xiao Tianli , Chen Wensheng , Long Qingling , Li Rongjun , Fang Dianchun , Wang Rongquan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground/Aims: The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is technically divided into TIPS through the left branch of the portal vein (TIPS‐LBPV) and TIPS through the right branch of the portal vein (TIPS‐RBPV). In order to compare their advantages and disadvantages, this randomized, controlled trial was designed to investigate their outcomes in advanced cirrhotic patients.Methods: Seventy‐two patients were randomly placed into TIPS‐LBPV (36 patients) and TIPS‐RBPV (36 patients, with four failures) groups, and they were prospectively followed for 2 years after TIPS implantation.Results: Patients who underwent the two different kinds of TIPS were balanced during recruitment for this study. The incidences of overall encephalopathy and de novo encephalopathy in the TIPS‐LBPV group were significantly lower than that of the TIPS‐RBPV group during follow‐up (P=0.036 and 0.012 respectively). The incidences of rebleeding or re‐intervention and improvement of ascites were similar between groups (P>0.05). Patients undergoing TIPS‐RBPV required more rehospitalization and incurred more costs than those who underwent TIPS‐LBPV (P=0.030 and 0.039 respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups in survival based on a survival curve constructed according to the Kaplan–Meier method (P>0.05).Conclusion: Patients undergoing TIPS‐LBPV had a lower incidence of encephalopathy, less rehospitalization and lower costs after TIPS implantation compared with patients undergoing TIPS‐RBPV.
Fellows’ Forum: Laparoscopy in the Early Diagnosis and Management of Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis
Authors: Kropp Jeffrey , Sinsakul Marvin , Butsch John , Rodby Roger 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a rare and dreaded complication that can occur in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although risk factors have been identified, the diagnosis is difficult and is usually made late in the disease after extensive fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane has occurred, at which point therapy is often fruitless. The high mortality rate of SEP is due to complications resulting from recurrent bowel obstruction, malnutrition, and sepsis. We report three patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of SEP all of whom had normal abdominal CT scans. Nevertheless, each patient underwent diagnostic laparoscopy, which confirmed the clinical suspicion of SEP. In each case, the diagnosis was made before extensive peritoneal fibrosis had occurred allowing therapeutic intervention at an early stage. All three patients subsequently became asymptomatic and thrived. This clinical improvement was supported by the lack of progression to overt peritoneal fibrosis on repeat laparoscopy. We conclude that a high index of suspicion in conjunction with a low threshold for diagnostic laparoscopy may be an effective strategy to establish an early diagnosis and treatment regimen for SEP. Additionally, repeat laparoscopy can be used to guide the length of therapy. These interventions may ultimately improve the long‐term morbidity and mortality of SEP.
Editorial: Aminoglycosides in Hemodialysis Patients: Is the Current Practice of Post Dialysis Dosing Appropriate?
Authors: O’Shea Stacey , Duffull Stephen , Johnson David W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAminoglycosides have been widely used in end‐stage renal failure patients for the treatment of infections caused by gram‐negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus. Traditionally, these agents are administered post dialysis to avoid premature dialytic clearance, although no studies have been performed to confirm that this dosing strategy represents the optimal treatment regimen. In recent years, a more complete understanding of the pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics of aminoglycosides has led to a global change in clinical practice from multiple to once‐daily dosing in patients with normal renal function with the aim of providing intermittent pulses to maximize the peak concentration relative to overall drug exposure. These same considerations strongly support administration of aminoglycosides before, rather than after, hemodialysis. This study will review the key pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic considerations in aminoglycoside dosing, the relationship between serum aminoglycoside concentrations and efficacy/toxicity, the influence of renal function and hemodialysis on aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and the mounting population pharmacokinetic and clinical study evidence supporting a paradigm shift in aminoglycoside dosing from post dialysis to predialysis.
Review: Neuromuscular Disease in the Dialysis Patient: An Update for the Nephrologist
Authors: Krishnan Arun V. , Pussell Bruce A. , Kiernan Matthew C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNeuromuscular disease is an extremely common complication of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), manifesting in almost all dialysis patients, and leading to weakness, reduced exercise capacity, and disability. Recent studies have suggested that hyperkalemia may underlie the development of neuropathy. As such, maintenance of serum K+ within normal limits between periods of dialysis in ESKD patients manifesting early neuropathic symptoms may reduce neuropathy development and progression. For patients with more severe neuropathic syndromes, increased dialysis frequency or a switch to high‐flux dialysis may prevent further deterioration, while ultimately, renal transplantation is required to improve and restore nerve function. Exercise training programs are beneficial for ESKD patients with muscle weakness due to neuropathy or myopathy, and are capable of improving exercise tolerance and quality of life. Specific treatments have recently been evaluated for symptoms of autonomic neuropathy, including sildenafil for impotence and midodrine for intra‐dialytic hypotension, and have been shown to be effective and well tolerated. Other important management strategies for neuropathy include attention to foot care to prevent callus and ulceration, vitamin supplementation, and erythropoietin. Treatment with membrane‐stabilizing agents, such as amitryptiline and gabapentin, are highly effective in patients with painful neuropathy.
The influence of concurrent anticonvulsants on the efficacy of the ketogenic diet
Authors: Morrison Peter F. , Pyzik Paula L. , Hamdy Rana , Hartman Adam L. , Kossoff Eric H. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryIt is unknown if any particular anticonvulsants modify the likelihood of seizure reduction when used in combination with the ketogenic diet (KD). A retrospective study was performed of 217 consecutive children who started the KD from 2000–2007. Patients included did not have any changes to their anticonvulsant dose. Efficacy data at 3 months on the KD were analyzed with respect to the six most frequently used anticonvulsants in this cohort. A total of 115 patients were included. Children receiving phenobarbital in combination with the KD were significantly less likely to have a >50% seizure reduction (p = 0.003). Conversely, those receiving zonisamide in combination with the KD at onset were more likely to have a >50% reduction (p = 0.04). These results provide practical information to clinicians who are treating children receiving both the KD and anticonvulsants.
Hippocampal distribution of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Van Der Hel W. Saskia , Verlinde Suzanne A.M.W. , Meijer Dimphna H.M. , De Wit Marina , Rensen Marije G. , Van Gassen Koen L.I. , Van Rijen Peter C. , Van Veelen Cees W.M. , De Graan Pierre N.E. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryPurpose:  Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) are responsible for loading synaptic vesicles with glutamate, determining the phenotype of glutamatergic neurons, and have been implicated in the regulation of quantal size and presynaptic plasticity. We analyzed VGLUT subtype expression in normal human hippocampus and tested the hypothesis that alterations in VGLUT expression may contribute to long‐term changes in glutamatergic transmission reported in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Methods:  VGLUT immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, Western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed on biopsies from TLE patients without (non‐HS) and with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and compared to autopsy controls and rat hippocampus. VGLUT1 expression was compared with synaptophysin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and Timm’s staining.Results:  VGLUT1 was the predominant VGLUT in human hippocampus and appeared to be localized to presynaptic glutamatergic terminals. In non‐HS hippocampi, VGLUT1 protein levels were increased compared to control and HS hippocampi in all subfields. In HS hippocampi VGLUT1 expression was decreased in subfields with severe neuronal loss, but strongly up‐regulated in the dentate gyrus, characterized by mossy fiber sprouting.Discussion:  VGLUT1 is used as marker for glutamatergic synapses in the human hippocampus. In HS hippocampi VGLUT1 up‐regulation in the dentate gyrus probably marks new glutamatergic synapses formed by mossy fiber sprouting. Our data indicate that non‐HS patients have an increased capacity to store glutamate in vesicles, most likely due to an increase in translational processes or upregulation of VGLUT1 in synapses from afferent neurons outside the hippocampus. This up‐regulation may increase glutamatergic transmission, and thus contribute to increased extracellular glutamate levels and hyperexcitability.
Are the dichotomies generalized versus focal epilepsies and idiopathic versus symptomatic epilepsies still valid in modern epileptology?
Authors: Lüders Hans O. , Turnbull John , Kaffashi Farhad 
Published: April 2009

SummaryIn this commentary we discuss the basic concept of an epileptogenicity level, which is variable in different brain regions and is a function of multiple factors including the basic epileptogenicity level, routine environmental or internal stimuli, and various triggering and causative factors. This concept blurs the distinction between focal versus generalized and between idiopathic versus symptomatic epilepsies. We suggest dropping the dichotomy idiopathic versus symptomatic and to instead simply list the different etiologic factors that increase the epileptogenicity level. On the other hand, even if there is a continuum between focal and generalized epilepsies, most epilepsies are either predominantly focal or predominantly generalized. It is useful to maintain this distinction (even if somewhat artificial) because focal epilepsies can be treated with epilepsy surgery, and all focal epilepsies tend to respond to the same type of anticonvulsants. Generalized epilepsies cannot be treated surgically and respond to different anticonvulsants depending on the semiologic type of seizures.
Epilepsy surgery outcomes in temporal lobe epilepsy with a normal MRI
Authors: Bell Michael L. , Rao Satish , So Elson L. , Trenerry Max , Kazemi Noojan , Matt Stead S. , Cascino Gregory , Marsh Richard , Meyer Fredric B. , Watson Robert E. , Giannini Caterina , Worrell Gregory A. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryPurpose:  To determine the long‐term efficacy of anterior temporal lobectomy for medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy in patients with nonlesional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods:  We identified a retrospective cohort of 44 patients with a nonlesional modern “seizure protocol” MRI who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy for treatment of medically refractory partial epilepsy. Postoperative seizure freedom was determined by Kaplan‐Meyer survival analysis. Noninvasive preoperative diagnostic factors potentially associated with excellent surgical outcome were examined by univariate analysis in the 40 patients with follow‐up of >1 year.Results:  Engel class I outcomes (free of disabling seizures) were observed in 60% (24 of 40) patients. Preoperative factors associated with Engel class I outcome were: (1) absence of contralateral or extratemporal interictal epileptiform discharges, (2) subtraction ictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) Coregistered to MRI (SISCOM) abnormality localized to the resection site, and (3) subtle nonspecific MRI findings in the mesial temporal lobe concordant to the resection.Discussion:  In carefully selected patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and a nonlesional MRI, anterior temporal lobectomy can often render patients free of disabling seizures. This favorable rate of surgical success is likely due to the detection of concordant abnormalities that indicate unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy in patients with nonlesional MRI.