bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐period‐cohort modelling of large‐bowel‐cancer incidence by anatomic sub‐site and sex in connecticut
Authors: Dubrow Robert , Bernstein Jonine , Holford Theodore R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn order to investigate etiologic distinctions among the anatomic sub‐sites of the large bowel by sex, the relationship between large‐bowel‐cancer incidence and age at diagnosis, time period at diagnosis, and birth cohort was analyzed by anatomic sub‐site and by sex, using data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. Included in the study were all incident large‐bowel‐cancer cases occurring between 1950 and 1984 among Connecticut residents aged 40 to 79. Cancers of the large bowel were classified into 5 anatomic sub‐sites: Ascending colon (including cecum), transverse colon (including flexures), descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum (including rectosigmoid junction, anal canal, and anus). The data were fitted to log‐linear age‐period‐cohort models. For each of the sub‐sites, the age‐period‐cohort patterns for males and females differed. Within each sex, sub‐site groupings with common patterns were indicated. Among males, the age‐period‐cohort patterns for the colon sub‐sites were fairly similar; but the pattern for the rectum differed markedly from that for the colon sub‐sites. There were secondary differences among the colon sub‐sites that pointed to a secondary distinction between the right and the left colons. Among females, the age‐period‐cohort patterns for the left colon sub‐sites and the rectum were fairly similar. The pattern for the transverse colon differed moderately from that of the left colon, and differed substantially from that of the rectum and the ascending colon. The ascending colon differed markedly from each of the other sub‐sites. It is possible that these differences in age‐period‐cohort patterns reflect etiologic distinctions among sub‐site groupings and between the sexes.
Time trends in cancer mortality in Estonia 1965–1989
Authors: Leinsalu Mall , Rahu Mati 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMortality rates for cancer of all sites combined and for 12 selected sites or site groups in Estonia from 1965 to 1989 were studied to assess overall progress in controlling cancer. Between 1965–1969 and 1985–1989, age‐standardized mortality (world population) increased by 12.0% among males and decreased by 5.1% among females. The changes in mortality for the age‐groups 20–44, 45–64, and 65 and over were −0.3%, 23.5% and 5.8% among males and 0.9%, −7.0% and −4.4% among females, respectively. In males, the most marked rise in mortality occurred for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, intestine and larynx. In females, the most rapid increase was observed for cancers of the lung, oral cavity and pharynx and breast. The decline in stomach cancer and cervical cancer mortality reflects worldwide trends. However, the noticeable increase in mortality rates for most of the sites indicates a need for strong preventive measures, particularly anti‐smoking campaigns. In general, the time trends in mortality from all cancers combined demonstrate that in Estonia, over the last 25 years, no progress against cancer has been achieved.
Rare Ha‐ras1 alleles and predisposition to testicular cancer
Authors: Ryberg David , Haugen Aage , Heimdal Ketil , Børresen Anne‐Lise , Fosså Sophie Dorothea 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe have examined the restriction‐fragment‐length polymorphism (RFLP) of the VNTR region flanking the Ha‐ras I gene in genomic DNA from 348 testicular cancer patients and 343 healthy controls. When DNA samples were digested with MspI/HpaII, Southern blot analysis revealed 24 and 15 different alleles in the cancer and the control group respectively. The frequency of rare alleles among cases was significantly higher than in controls. Patients with bilateral cancer and patients with unilateral cancer below 20 years had significantly higher incidence of rare alleles than patients with unilateral cancer older than 20 years.
Over‐expression of p53 protein in human laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Anwar Khurshid , Nakakuki Kazuya , Imai Hanae , Naiki Hironobu , Inuzuka Manabu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe examined the expression of tumor‐suppressor protein p53 in a variety of laryngeal carcinomas from 43 patients (25 primary, 13 metastatic and 5 recurrent cases), 13 normal laryngeal tissues and 7 benign laryngeal nodule biopsy specimens, using the polyclonal antibody CM‐1. Previously we have reported a high incidence of ras mutations (51%) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (37%) in these laryngeal carcinomas. p53 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in 65% of laryngeal carcinomas (60% of primary, 69% of metastatic and 80% of recurrent cases). No correlation was found between p53 over‐expression and histological grading of the tumors. None of the specimens from normal larynx and laryngeal nodules revealed any detectable level of this protein. Furthermore, 11 (69%) of 16 HPV‐positive cases and 17 (77%) of 22 cases with ras mutation showed variable grades of p53 expression. Twelve (71%) of 17 laryngeal carcinomas in current study having both p53 over‐expression and ras mutation were moderately or poorly differentiated. Likewise, positivity for these 2 parameters was significantly increased in metastatic tumors (9 of 13 cases, 69%) as compared with primary and recurrent tumors (8 of 30 cases, 27%) (p < 0.01). Our results suggest that multiple factors are involved in this malignancy, and that the simultaneous over‐expression of p53 and the presence of ras mutation may be related to the progression stage of laryngeal carcinoma.
Analysis of epstein‐barr virus infection in nasopharyngeal biopsies from a group at high risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Sam C. K. , Brooks L. A. , Niedobitek G. , Young L. S. , Rickinson A. B. , Prasad U. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlthough Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is consistently associated with the epithelial malignancy nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), it is not clear to what extent the normal virus carrier state involves infection of nasopharyngeal epithelium. We attempted to examine this question by screening 26 nasopharyngeal punch biopsies from EBV‐carrying Chinese Malaysians who had presented with clinical symptoms possibly indicative of NPC, but in whom histological analysis of an adjacent biopsy had revealed no evidence of tumour. Assays included (i) in situ hybridization with 35S‐labelled riboprobes specific for EBERs (rather than with BamHI W DNA probes which can give false‐positive results); (ii) cDNA amplification across defined splice junctions of the EBNAI and BamHI A transcripts expressed in latently‐infected NPC cells and of the BHRFI lytic‐cycle transcript; and (iii) immunostaining for the immediate early lytic‐cycle protein BZLFI. Of the 26 biopsies examined, all 23 showing normal nasopharyngeal histology were consistently negative for both latent and lytic‐cycle markers. The other 3 cases were all positive for EBNAI and BamHI A transcripts; these RNAs were almost certainly of tumour rather than normal‐cell origin since these particular biopsies were the only ones to reveal localized foci of EBER‐positive NPC cells; such biopsies were again negative for lytic‐cycle markers. We provisionally conclude that EBV infection of the normal nasopharynx is not a regular feature of the virus carrier state and that screening nasopharyngeal biopsies for viral RNA markers of the latent cycle could be useful in NPC diagnosis.
Comparative abilities of athymic nude mice and severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice to accept transplants of induced rat mammary carcinomas: Enhanced transplantation efficiency of those rat mammary carcinomas that have elevated expression of neu oncogene
Authors: Oakley Cori S. , Welsch Margaret A. , Zhai Yi‐Fan , Welsch Clifford W. , Chang Chia‐Cheng , Gould Michael N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGrafts of primary carcinogen (DMBA)‐induced mammary carcinomas from Sprague‐Dawley rats have a poor transplantation efficiency in athymic nude mice. Further compromising these mice immunologically via whole‐body irradiation and/or splenectomy, or the administration of hormonal growth factors (estrogen and progesterone) to these mice, did not significantly alter transplantation efficiency. Use of strains of mice that are more immune‐impaired than the athymic nude mouse, i.e., the athymic nude‐beige‐XID mouse (T‐cell and LAK‐cell deficient) or mice with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) (which lack functional T cells and B cells) also failed to improve transplantation efficiency. In contrast, transplantation efficiency was sharply increased when primary neu‐induced rat mammary carcinomas from female Sprague‐Dawley rats were used. These mammary carcinomas, unlike the DMBA‐induced rat mammary carcinomas, have a very high level of expression of neu; transplantation of these tumors to either athymic nude mice or SCID mice was considerably more efficient. Thus, these data provide evidence that enhanced expression of neu confers heightened efficiency in the transplantation of primary rat mammary carcinomas to immune‐deficient mice (athymic‐nude or SCID). Increased neu expression was a greater determinant than more compromised immune states in the transplantation of these rat mammary carcinomas. This biological characteristic of neu expression in mammary carcinomas provides new, additional insight into the importance of this oncogene in mammary tumorigenic processes and may explain, at least in part, the reported inverse relationship between human breast carcinoma neu expression and patient prognosis.
Risk factors for renal‐cell carcinoma in Denmark. III. Role of weight, physical activity and reproductive factors
Authors: Mellemgaard Anders , Engholm Gerda , McLaughlin Joseph K. , Olsen Jorgen H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA population‐based case‐control study of risk factors for renal‐cell carcinoma was conducted in Denmark from 1989 to 1992. A total of 368 histologically verified cases and 396 controls were included. Information on weight, height, physical activity and reproductive factors were collected in a structured interview, along with information on other suspected risk factors. A significant increase in risk was seen for obese women but not obese men. Although there was no clear gradient, the risk was highest among women with a relative weight in the upper 5% (OR 6.1; 95% CI, 2.3 to 16.1). The increased risk was most evident for high relative weight in ages 30 to 50. No association was observed for height or physical activity. Use of amphetamines was associated with increased risk but, because of the close link with obesity, we were unable to provide evidence that amphetamines are an independent risk factor. We found some evidence for an association with reproductive variables, including decreased risk for women with late menarche and first pregnancy and birth. We observed no association with number of pregnancies or age at menopause, or use of estrogen‐containing medication. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protoporphyrin biosynthesis in Melanoma B16 cells stimulated by 5‐aminolevulinic acid and chemical inducers: Characterization of photodynamic inactivation
Authors: Schoenfeld N. , Mamet R. , Nordenberg Y. , Shafran M. , Babushkin T. , Malik Z. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe stimulation of protoporphyrin (PP) biosynthesis in BI6 melanoma cells in order to facilitate photodynamic cell killing was studied. Biosynthesis and accumulation of PP in the melanoma cells was increased from 8 to 15 pmol/mg protein by the use of dimethyl‐sulfoxide (DMSO), a differentiation‐inducer. Treatment of the cells with the porphyrogenic agent alh/l‐isopropyl‐acetamide (AIA) stimulated an additional PP increase. The most remarkable enhancement of intracellular PP was achieved by the supplementation of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) to the growth medium following the addition of DMSO and AIA during the induction phase. The intracellular concentration of PP exceeded 21 950 pmol/mg protein following combined stimulation by DMSO/AIA and 5‐ALA. The porphyrins produced in the incubated cells, in serum‐depleted medium, consisted of 95% PP; 88% of it was recovered from the cells and only 7% was excreted into the medium. Photosensitization of the B16 melanoma cells containing high PP concentrations was effective even at low light doses. Potassium (K) efflux was the first measurable sign of cell damage determined by X‐ray microanalysis (XRMA) following fast liquid‐nitrogen fixation. During a I min interval, 70% of cellular K was lost. After 5 min illumination, complete cell destruction was detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRMA. The photodam‐aged cells showed influx of Na, CI and Ca ions accompanying the immediate K losses. Ultrastructural cell damage was manifested by disintegration of the outer membrane. Total cell death of B16 melanoma cells was achieved by chemical induction of endogenous PP and photosensitization.
Dipyridamole modulates multidrug resistance and intracellular as well as nuclear levels of doxorubicin in B16 melanoma cells
Authors: Damle Bharat D. , Sridhar Rajagopalan , Desai Pankaj B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSimultaneous occurrence of resistance to many chemothera‐peutic agents, termed multidrug resistance (MDR), is a complex phenotype. MDR occurs due to several reasons, including over‐expression of a 170‐kDa membrane‐bound protein, called P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), which apparently participates in active drug efflux. Multidrug‐resistant cells also frequently exhibit an altered pattern of intracellular drug distribution, resulting in a reduction in the nuclear level of drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX). In this study, the effect of dipyridamole (DP) on drug resistance and on intracellular as well as nuclear levels of DOX in multidrug‐resistant melanoma cells has been examined. For this purpose, drug‐sensitive murine melanoma cells (B16V) and their multidrug‐resistant variant cells, (B16VDXR; selected for resistance to DOX) which over‐produceP‐gp, were employed. B16VDXR cells were cross‐resistant to several anti‐cancer agents including etoposide (VP‐16) and mitoxantrone (Mitox). DP (10 m̈M) significantly potentiated the cytotoxicity of DOX, VP‐16 and Mitox towards multidrug‐resistant B16VDXR cells but not in parental drug‐sensitive B16V cells. The presence of DP resulted in a 3.7‐fold increase in the total cellular level and a 4.2‐fold increase in the nuclear content of DOX in the resistant cells. Isobologram analysis indicates that DP at several pharmacologically relevant concentrations synergistically potentiates the activity of DOX in B16VDXR cells.
Susceptibility to ultraviolet‐induced corneal sarcomas is highly heritable in a laboratory opossum model
Authors: VandeBerg John L. , Williams‐Blangero Sarah , Hubbard Gene B. , Robinson Edward S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe laboratory opossum, Monodelphis domestiea, develops hyperplasia and neoplasia of the corneal stroma after repeated exposure to low doses of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (non‐erythemic in skin). We exposed adult animals from genetically diverse families within our colony to determine whether there are any heritable components to the risk of this form of eye cancer. From about 5 months of age, animals were exposed 3 times a week to a dose of about 125 J/m2 of UVB (spectral peak = 302 nm). Thirty‐three sibships (151 individuals) completed at least 30 weeks of the protocol and 137 individuals completed 45 weeks. For genetic analysis, each animal was classified at 30 and 45 weeks as affected with corneal sarcoma or not. Heritabilities were estimated for the dichotomous eye‐tumor trait which was highly heritable at both time points. This eye‐cancer model system is valuable as a source of material for in vitro studies of angiogenesis and neoplastic transformation, for in vivo studies of tumor therapy and prevention, and for further research on the genetic determinants of cancer.
Photochemical crosslinked electrospun collagen nanofibers: Synthesis, characterization and neural stem cell interactions
Authors: Liu Ting , Teng Wai Keng , Chan Barbara P. , Chew Sing Yian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCurrently available crosslinking methods for electrospun collagen nanofibers do not preserve the fibrous architecture over prolonged periods of time. In addition, electrospinning of collagen often involves solvents that lead to extensive protein denaturation. In this study, we demonstrate the advantage of acetic acid over 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafluoroisopropanol (HFP) in preventing collagen denaturation. A novel photochemical crosslinking method using rose bengal as the photoinitiator is also introduced. Using circular dichorism analyses, we demonstrate the fraction of collagen helical structure to be significantly greater in acetic acid‐spun fibers than HFP‐spun fibers (28.9 ± 5.9% vs. 12.5 ± 2.0%, p < 0.05). By introducing 0.1% (w/v) rose bengal into collagen fibers and subjecting these scaffolds to laser irradiation at a wavelength of 514 nm for 100 sec, biodegradable crosslinked scaffolds were obtained. Scaffold degradation as evaluated by soaking crosslinked collagen scaffolds in PBS at 37°C, indicated a mass loss of 47.7 ± 7.4% and 68.9 ± 24.7% at day 7 and day 15, respectively. However, these scaffolds retained fibrous architecture for at least 21 days under physiological conditions. Neural stem cell line, C17.2, cultured on crosslinked collagen scaffolds proliferated after 7 days by forming a confluent layer of cells with extensive cellular projections that were indicative of neurite outgrowth. Taken together, these findings support the potential of acetic acid‐electrospun photochemical crosslinked collagen nanofibers for neural tissue engineering. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Microtopographical regulation of adult bone marrow progenitor cells chondrogenic and osteogenic gene and protein expressions
Authors: Yang Y. , Kusano K. , Frei H. , Rossi F. , Brunette D. M. , Putnins E. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMicrotopographic features affect diverse cell behaviors. Adult bone marrow progenitor cells (AMPCs) constitute a multipotent heterogeneous population. We hypothesized that microtopographies could direct AMPCs lineage‐specific differentiation. AMPCs isolated from Sprague‐Dawley rats were CD45 depleted, expanded, and plated at 105 cells/cm2 on epoxy‐microfabricated: (1) 60‐μm‐deep grooves with 95‐μm pitch (D60P95), (2) 55‐μm‐wide and 10‐μm‐deep squares (W55D10), (3) 30‐μm‐deep grooves with 45‐μm pitch (D30P45), (4) 17‐μm‐wide and 10‐μm‐deep pillars (W17D10), and (5) smooth control. AMPCs were cultured using expansion, chondrogenesis, or osteogenesis supporting media. Cell cultures were examined by scanning electron microscopy, qRT‐PCR, and immunostaining at 2, 9, 16, and 23 days after plating. Expressions of osteogenesis‐related genes, such as Runx‐2, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and parathyroid hormone–related protein receptor (PTHr), and chondrogenesis‐associated genes, such as Sox‐9, type II collagen, and aggrecan, were determined. In expansion medium, W55D10 induced a transient increase of Sox9 expression. Compared with smooth surfaces, type II collagen mRNA and protein expressions in chondrogenic medium were significantly upregulated on W55D10 by day 23. In contrast, osteocalcin and PTHr expressions were significantly increased on D30P45 in osteogenic medium. We have demonstrated that W55D10 and D30P45 enhanced AMPCs chondrogenic and osteogenic terminal differentiation with appropriate culture conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Fundamental role of microvilli in the main functions of differentiated cells: Outline of an universal regulating and signaling system at the cell periphery
Authors: Lange Klaus 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUntil now, the general importance of microvilli present on the surface of almost all differentiated cells has been strongly underestimated and essential functions of these abundant surface organelles remained unrecognized. Commonly, the role of microvilli has been reduced to their putative function of cell‐surface enlargement. In spite of a large body of detailed knowledge about the specific functions of microvilli in sensory receptor cells for sound, light, and odor perception, their functional importance for regulation of basic cell functions remained obscure. Here, a number of microvillar mechanisms involved in fundamental cell functions are discussed. Two structural features enable the extensive functional competence of microvilli: First, the exclusive location of almost all functional important membrane proteins on microvilli of differentiated cells and second, the function of the F‐actin‐based cytoskeletal core of microvilli as a structural diffusion barrier modulating the flow of low molecular substrates and ions into and out of the cell. The specific localization on microvilli of important functional membrane proteins such as glucose transporters, ion channels, ion pumps, and ion exchangers indicate the importance and diversity of microvillar functions. In this review, the microvillar mechanisms of audioreceptor, photoreceptor, and olfactory/taste receptor cells are discussed as highly specialized adaptations of a general type of microvillar mechanisms involved in regulation of important basic cell functions such as glucose transport/energy metabolism, ion channel regulation, generation and modulation of the membrane potential, volume regulation, and Ca signaling. Even the constitutive cellular defence against cytotoxic compounds, also called “multidrug resistance (MDR),” is discussed as a microvillar mechanism. A comprehensive examination of the specific properties of “cable‐like” ion conduction along the microvillar core structure of F‐actin allows the proposal that microvilli are specifically designed for using ionic currents as cellular signals. In view of the multifaceted gating and signaling properties of TRP channels, the possible role of microvilli as a universal gating device for TRP channel regulation is discussed. Combined with the role of the microvillar core bundle of actin filaments as high‐affinity Ca store, microvilli may turn out as highly specialized Ca signaling organelle involved in store‐operated Ca entry (SOCE) and initiation of nonlinear Ca signals such as waves and oscillations. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 896–927, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intramural pregnancy presenting in a patient with tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Glass Tracy , Smith Paula , Hodges Ronald , Holmes Heather J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIntramural pregnancies are a rare form of ectopic pregnancy located within the myometrium separate from the endometrial cavity. In an effort to prevent potential complications, diagnosis should be made early when more conservative approaches can be performed to preserve reproductive potential. The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancies can be successfully accomplished through sonography; however, intramural pregnancies may be difficult to diagnose as they can appear similar to other etiologies. We present a unique case of a ruptured intramural pregnancy diagnosed with sonography and pelvic MRI in a patient with tuberous sclerosis. Surgical enucleation of the intramural pregnancy was successfully performed with postoperative resolution of beta hCG levels. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 38:393‐396, 2010