bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solutions to the Navier‐Stokes equations with the large time energy concentration in the low frequencies
Authors: Skalák Z. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this paper we study the large time behavior of the solutions to the Navier‐Stokes equations. We focus on the solutions exhibiting the large time energy concentration in the low frequencies and describe some classes of the initial conditions from Lσ2 such that if u0 belongs to such a class and u is a global weak solution with u(0) = u0 satisfying the strong energy inequality, then
\begin{eqnarray*}1 ‐ \frac {||E_\lambda u(t)||} {||u(t)||} \rightarrow 0, \text{ if } t \rightarrow \infty \end{eqnarray*}
for every λ > 0, where {Eλ λ > 0} is the resolution of the identity of the Stokes operator and ||·|| denotes the standard L2‐norm. We present some estimates of this concentration rate.
A variational approach to the decomposition of unstable viscous fluids and its consistent numerical approximation
Authors: Anders D. , Weinberg K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe mixing and de‐mixing properties of highly viscous fluids can be described as a diffusive system driven by an external velocity field. In order to analyze the micro‐morphological evolution with a diffusion theory of heterogeneous mixtures we apply a Cahn‐Hilliard phase‐field model, which is here extended by a convective term. As the model is based on an energetic variational formulation, we state the underlying energy minimizing principles. For consistent finite element analysis we provide a piecewise smooth and globally C1‐continuous approximation by means of rational B‐spline basis functions. Numerical examples exhibit the physical properties of the model. Simulations of phase decomposition and coarsening controlled by diffusion and by convection show the robustness and the versatility of our approach.
Investigation of the stress‐strain state of the laminated shallow shells by R‐functions method combined with spline‐approximation
Authors: Awrejcewicz J. , Kurpa L. , Osetrov A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe bending behavior of the laminated shallow shells under static loading has been studied using the R‐functions theory together with the spline‐approximation. Formulation is based on the first order shear deformation theory. Due to usage of the R‐functions theory the laminated shallow shells with complex shape and different types of the boundary conditions can be investigated. Application of the spline‐approximation allows getting reliable and validated results for non concave domains and domains with holes. The proposed method is implemented in the appropriate software in framework of the mathematical package MAPLE. The analysis of influence of certain factors (curvature, packing of layers, geometrical parameters, boundary conditions) on a stress‐strain state is carried out for shallow shells with cut‐outs. The comparison of obtained results with those already known from literature and results obtained by using ANSYS are also presented.
Existence theorems in the linear theory of micropolar shells
Authors: Eremeyev V.A. , Lebedev L.P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTheorems regarding existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to mixed boundary value problems in the linear theory of micropolar shells in statics and dynamics are proved. Convergence of FEM for the static mixed problems is established. Eigenvalue problems for micropolar shells are studied and properties of the spectrum and eigenmodes are formulated.
Measuring Growth in a Longitudinal Large-Scale Assessment with a General Latent Variable Model
Authors: von Davier Matthias , Xu Xueli , Carstensen Claus H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe aim of the research presented here is the use of extensions of longitudinal item response theory (IRT) models in the analysis and comparison of group-specific growth in large-scale assessments of educational outcomes.A general discrete latent variable model was used to specify and compare two types of multidimensional item-response-theory (MIRT) models for longitudinal data: (a) a model that handles repeated measurements as multiple, correlated variables over time and (b) a model that assumes one common variable over time and additional variables that quantify the change. Using extensions of these MIRT models, we approach the issue of modeling and comparing group-specific growth in observed and unobserved subpopulations. The analyses presented in this paper aim at answering the question whether academic growth is homogeneous across types of schools defined by academic demands and curricular differences. In order to facilitate answering this research question, (a) a model with a single two-dimensional ability distribution was compared to (b) a model assuming multiple populations with potentially different two-dimensional ability distributions based on type of school and to (c) a model that assumes that the observations are sampled from a discrete mixture of (unobserved) populations, allowing for differences across schools with respect to mixing proportions. For this purpose, we specified a hierarchical-mixture distribution variant of the two MIRT models. The latter model, (c), is a growth-mixture MIRT model that allows for variation of the mixing proportions across clusters in a hierarchically organized sample. We applied the proposed models to the PISA-I-Plus data for assessing learning and change across multiple subpopulations. The results of this study support the hypothesis of differential growth.
Effect of Soybean Oil Fatty Acid Composition and Selenium Application on Biodiesel Properties
Authors: Fallen Benjamin D. , Pantalone Vincent R. , Sams Carl E. , Kopsell Dean A. , Vaughn Steven F. , Moser Bryan R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBiodiesel consisting principally of monounsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) has been reported to have the optimal balance between cold flow properties and oxidative stability, therefore producing a superior fuel. In addition, treating biodiesel with antioxidants such as selenium (Se) also increases oxidative stability. Fuel properties including acid value (AV), cloud point (CP), iodine value (IV), pour point (PP), peroxide value (PV), induction period (IP), onset temperature (OT), and kinematic viscosity (KV) were used to evaluate a newly developed Roundup Ready® soybean recombinant inbred line (RIL) and a commercial cultivar. The RIL had a fatty acid profile with elevated levels of monounsaturated FAME. TN07‐93RR was determined as the more desirable line for production of biodiesel, based on its fatty acid composition and subsequent fuel properties. The commercial cultivar AG3906 contained the highest abundance of polyunsaturated FAME and exhibited comparatively high IV and low oxidative stability. AG3906 was therefore not acceptable under the European biodiesel standard, EN 14214. However, TN07‐93RR and AG3906 both were considered satisfactory according to the American biodiesel standard, ASTM D6751. Foliar treatment of soybean plants with varying amounts of Se had no effect on subsequent biodiesel oxidative stabilities.
Perceived burden of illness in patients entering for treatment in a university hospital – is the threshold to secondary care higher for patients with depression than for those with somatic disorders?
Authors: Suominen K. , Karlsson H. , Rissanen A. , Valtonen H.M. , Räsänen P. , Sintonen H. , Roine R.P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe threshold to secondary health care should be similar for all patients independent of the underlying disease. This study compared, using a validated health-related quality of life (HRQoL)-instrument, whether the perceived burden of illness is similar in patients admitted for secondary care treatment into a university hospital because of one of six common conditions.MethodsHRQoL, assessed by the generic 15D instrument before elective treatment, was compared in six groups: operative treatment of cataract (n = 219), operative treatment of cervical or lumbar radicular pain (n = 270), hysterectomy due to benign uterine conditions (n = 337), hip or knee replacement surgery (n = 223), coronary angiography due to suspected coronary artery disease (n = 261), and secondary care treatment of depression (n = 89).ResultsMean (±SD) HRQoL score was clearly highest in patients with benign uterine conditions (0.908 ± 0.071) and lowest in patients with depression (0.729 ± 0.120) (P < 0.001 between the groups). Also all the other groups had a significantly (P < 0.001) higher baseline HRQoL score (ranging from 0.802 to 0.824) than patients with depression. Outcome of treatment, in terms of HRQoL improvement, was in depressive patients at least equal, and in some cases even better, than that in the other groups.DiscussionOur results imply that, at least concerning perceived burden of illness, patients with depression are worse off when admitted to secondary care treatment than patients with many somatic conditions. That may be a consequence of poor motivation of depressive patients to seek treatment or that, contradictory to guidelines, the health care system does nor give priority to those worst off and sets a higher threshold for specialized care of patients with depression than of those with common somatic disorders.
Parental bonding and alexithymia: A meta-analysis
Authors: Thorberg F.A. , Young R.McD. , Sullivan K.A. , Lyvers M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAimThe primary purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore, clarify and report the strength of the relationship between alexithymia, as measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and parenting style as measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI).MethodsWeb of Science, PsycInfo, PubMed and ProQuest: Dissertations and Theses searches were undertaken, yielding nine samples with sufficient data to be included in the meta-analysis.ResultsEvidence indicated moderate to strong relationships between maternal care and alexithymia, and between maternal care and two of the three TAS-20 alexithymia facets (Difficulties Describing Feelings and Difficulties Identifying Feelings, but not Externally Oriented Thinking). Moderate relationships were observed for both maternal- and paternal-overprotection and alexithymia respectively, and for overprotection (both maternal and paternal) and Difficulties Describing Feelings.ConclusionThis study is the first meta-analysis of the relationship between parenting styles and alexithymia, and findings confirm an especially strong association between maternal care and key elements of alexithymia. This review highlights the issues that still remain to be addressed in exploring the link between parenting style and alexithymia.
Quality of financial information and liquidity
Authors: Bardos Katsiaryna Salavei 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between liquidity and quality of financial information by analyzing long‐term trends in Amihud's (2002) illiquidity measure for firms that restate financial statements. I find that for most income decreasing restatements illiquidity increases several months before restatement announcement and remains at elevated levels one year after restatement. The result is most pronounced for firms listed on NASDAQ. Increase in illiquidity is greater upon restatements due to revenue recognition, those prompted by party other than auditor, those made by larger firms with high volatility of returns and low price levels. Income increasing restatements do not affect information asymmetry of the firm. Overall, my results indicate a positive relationship between quality of financial information and liquidity.
Micronutrient and anthropometric status indicators are associated with physical fitness in Colombian schoolchildren
Authors: Arsenault Joanne E. , Mora-Plazas Mercedes , Forero Yibby , Lopez-Arana Sandra , Jáuregui Germán , Baylin Ana , Gordon Paul M. , Villamor Eduardo 
Published: February 2011

Poor physical fitness is associated with increased health-related risks in children. The association of nutritional status indicators and physical fitness in children residing in developing countries is not well characterised. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 1945 children of age 5–12 years in Bogotá, Colombia, to assess whether anthropometric and micronutrient status indicators were associated with performance in the shuttle run and standing long jump tests. Stunted children scored significantly lower in the run (0·4 s;P = 0·0002) and jump (6 cm; boys only;P = 0·003) tests than non-stunted children, after adjustment for age and other factors. Children who were thin, overweight or obese ran slower than normal-weight children (P < 0·01). Lower jump scores were associated with overweight or obesity and greater arm fat area in boys only (P < 0·0001). Girls with low ferritin concentrations ran 0·6 s slower than girls with normal ferritin concentrations (P = 0·02). Erythrocyte folate concentrations were linearly related to higher run (P < 0·0001) and long jump scores (P = 0·0001). Boys with marginal or low vitamin B12status had 4 cm lower long jump scores than children with normal status (P = 0·01). Suboptimal anthropometric and micronutrient status are related to poorer performance in fitness tests. The effects of improving nutritional status on physical fitness of children warrant investigation.
Effects of salinity stress on cellular location of elements and photosynthesis in Ramalina canariensis Steiner
Authors: MATOS Paula , CARDOSO-VILHENA João , FIGUEIRA Rui , SOUSA A. Jorge 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe impact of incubation in saline solutions of different concentrations on the uptake and cellular location of essential elements (Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+), and its effects on membrane integrity and on the photosynthetic apparatus, were investigated in the lichen Ramalina canariensis Steiner. Saline incubation resulted in a rapid uptake of Na+ and Mg2+ in the cell wall fraction, whereas in the intracellular fraction the accumulation of Na+ was slower. No changes were observed for intracellular Mg2+, suggesting that no generalized membrane damage occurred. Concomitantly with the increase in intracellular Na+, there was a specific loss of K+ from the cell interior, indicating that membrane permeability may have been compromised. Incubation in a 100% artificial sea water solution reduced the maximum photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm) by 17% after 5 min, and this inhibition increased with incubation time. In samples incubated in 100% artificial sea water solution for 2 h followed by 2 h incubation in deionized water, ion distribution and Fv/Fm did not recover to control values. The present findings show the importance of determining the cellular location of elements when assessing their physiological impact. Results indicate that saline stress may irreversibly impair photosynthesis, thus compromising lichen vitality.
Caloplaca aequata is a synonym of C. cinnabarina (Teloschistaceae)
Authors: JOSHI Yogesh , THÜS Holger , HUR Jae-Seoun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn 1915 Hue described Lecanora (sect. Placodium) aequata growing over quartzite rocks from Busan and the Kangwon Provinces of South Korea. Later Zahlbruckner (1931) transferred it to the genus Caloplaca. Careful examination of syntype material of L. aequata lodged at The Natural History Museum, UK (BM) demonstrates that the species is conspecific with C. cinnabarina (Ach.) Zahlbr. and we henceforth synonymize it with that species.
Morphological characterization of the haemocytes of the ivory snail,Babylonia areolata(Neogastropoda: Buccinidae)
Authors: Di G.L. , Zhang Z.X. , Ke C.H. , Guo J.R. , Xue M. , Ni J.B. , Wang D.X. 
Published: February 2011

The nucleus diameter/cell diameter (N/C) ratio and morphological characteristics of the haemocytes of the snailBabylonia areolatawere studied using microscopy. Our results revealed two major types of haemocytes, namely granulocytes and hyalinocytes. In granulocytes, the cytoplasm was purplish red with Wright's staining, but it was blue in hyalinocytes. Hyalinocytes were smaller than granulocytes and had a higher N/C ratio. The granulocytes were sub-categorized into type I granulocytes and type II granulocytes based on the shape and the number of granules. Hyalinocytes were sub-categorized into large and small hyalinocytes based on the diameter and N/C ratio. Snails with a shell length from 2.7 to 3.3 cm showed no differences in the abundance of haemocytes.
Comparison of fish assemblages between the Sea of Marmara and the Aegean Sea (north-eastern Mediterranean)
Authors: Keskin Cetin , Ordines Francesc , Guijarro Beatriz , Massutí Enric 
Published: February 2011

The demersal fish assemblages of the south-western Sea of Marmara and the north-eastern Aegean Sea were examined in relation to their biogeographical and environmental conditions. Sampling was carried out during bottom trawl surveys conducted during five periods between June 2006 and August 2007. A total of 40 hauls were processed, including 16 in the Sea of Marmara (38–74 m deep) and 24 in the north-eastern Aegean Sea (63–401 m deep). A total of 47,940 individuals, from 91 species and 47 families were collected. Cluster analysis of catch data indicated that there were three assemblages, one in the shelf of the Sea of Marmara and two in the Aegean Sea (<100 and >200 m depth). The numerical abundance and biomass of fish, mean fish weight, mean species richness, diversity and evenness were compared between these assemblages. Multivariate analysis was used to test differences in environmental conditions between areas, and relationships between species and environmental variables were explored by using redundancy analysis. In addition to bathymetric differences, differences in both diversity and species composition were observed between shelf assemblages in the two nearby areas. The distinct biogeographical, environmental characteristics (depth, dissolved oxygen and temperature) and fishing pressure are discussed as the main factors which could explain the differences detected.
The larval development of the hermit crabAreopaguristes nigroapiculus(Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae) reared under laboratory conditions
Authors: Kornienko Elena S. , Korn Olga M. 
Published: February 2011

The larval development of the hermit crabAreopaguristes nigroapiculus(Komai, 2009) (Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae) is described and illustrated from the material reared in the laboratory. The development included three zoeal and a single megalopal stages. At 22–25°C, megalop ofA. nigroapiculuswas attained 6–9 days after hatching. The present paper is the first description of the complete larval development in the genusAreopaguristes. Morphological characters of zoeas and megalop ofA. nigroapiculusare compared with those described for the closely relatedPaguristesspecies. The comparison on the zoeal characters revealed thatA. nigroapiculusis distinguished fromPaguristesspecies by the absence of anterolateral carapace spines and by the fused fourth telson process in zoea III. These two features are possible generic characters ofAreopaguristes. In the rest of larval characters,A. nigroapiculusagree well withPaguristesspecies having three zoeal stages. In the plankton of Peter the Great Bay, the larvae ofA. nigroapiculussporadically occurred only in July and August, at depths of 3–45 m and surface water temperatures of 18–22°C.
Animal grazing selectivity and plant chemistry issues impact on the potential of Rhagodia preissii as an anthelmintic shrub
Authors: KOTZE A. C. , ZADOW E. N. , VERCOE P. E. , PHILLIPS N. , TOOVEY A. , WILLIAMS A. , RUFFELL A. P. , DINSDALE A. , REVELL D. K. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYAs Rhagodia preissii had shown significant in vitro anthelmintic activity in a previous study, we examined the effect of including this shrub in the diet of sheep infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Worm-infected merino wethers were grazed for 7 weeks on either R. preissii or annual pasture, and faecal egg counts (FECs) were conducted weekly. Plant material was collected weekly from eaten and uneaten plants, and analysed for levels of plant secondary metabolites (tannins, oxalates, saponins) and in vitro anthelmintic activity. While mean FECs were consistently lower in sheep grazing R. preissii compared to pasture (reductions of 20–74%), the differences were not significant. There was no relationship between grazing preference (eaten or uneaten) and in vitro anthelmintic activity of plant extracts. The levels of saponins and oxalates did not correlate with grazing preference or in vitro anthelmintic activity, while tannins were not responsible for the anthelmintic activity. While the identity of the grazing deterrent and in vitro anthelmintic compounds remain unknown, the presence of plants which were both highly preferred by the sheep and showed in vitro anthelmintic activity indicates a potential to develop the species as an anthelmintic shrub through selection of shrub populations dominated by such plants.
Salivary secretions from the honeybee mite,Varroa destructor:effects on insect haemocytes and preliminary biochemical characterization
Authors: RICHARDS E. H. , JONES BENJAMIN , BOWMAN ALAN 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYIntroduction.The ectoparasitic honey bee miteVarroa destructorfeeds on the haemolymph of the honey bee,Apis mellifera, through a single puncture wound that does not heal but remains open for several days. It was hypothesized that factors in the varroa saliva are responsible for this aberrant wound healing.Methods.Anin vitroprocedure was developed for collecting salivary gland secretions fromV. destructor.Mites were incubated on balls of cotton wool soaked in a tissue culture medium (TC-100), and then induced to spit by topical application of an ethanolic pilocarpine solution.Results.Elution of secretions from balls of cotton wool, followed by electrophoretic analysis by SDS-PAGE and electroblotting indicated the presence of at least 15 distinct protein bands, with molecular weights ranging from 130 kDa to <17 kDa. Serial titration ofV. destructorsalivary secretions in TC-100 followed by an 18-h incubation with haemocytes from the caterpillar,Lacanobia oleracea, indicated that the secretions damage the haemocytes and suppresses their ability to extend pseudopods and form aggregates.Conclusion.We suggest that these secretions facilitate the ability ofV. destructorto feed repeatedly off their bee hosts by suppressing haemocyte-mediated wound healing and plugging responses in the host.
Need support and wellbeing during morning care activities: an observational study on resident–staff interaction in nursing homes
Authors: CUSTERS ANNETTE F. J. , KUIN YOLANDE , RIKSEN-WALRAVEN MARIANNE , WESTERHOF GERBEN J. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTQuality of life and wellbeing in nursing homes are becoming more important in research and practice. One of the main influences on residents' wellbeing is the interaction with their professional care-givers. The purpose of this study was to explore to what extent care-givers support the residents' needs of relatedness, autonomy and competence, and how this need support is related to wellbeing. Residents and their professional care-givers of four nursing homes in the Netherlands participated in an observational and questionnaire study. Three video-observations of each resident (with different care-givers) were made during morning care. Additional data were collected by means of questionnaires. The results show that the needs of residents were, on average, moderately fulfilled during care interactions. More need support by care-givers was related to higher resident wellbeing. Care-givers provided more need support to residents with stronger functional impairments. More need support was provided by higher-educated care-givers and care-givers in higher job functions. The results show the importance of need support for situational wellbeing, but the contribution to the general subjective wellbeing of residents remains unclear. Further (longitudinal) research is needed to investigate changes in wellbeing over time. Possible differences between subjective ratings and observations of need support and wellbeing should be taken into account.