bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hostility and depressive mood: results from the Whitehall II prospective cohort study
Authors: Nabi H. , Singh-Manoux A. , Ferrie J. E. , Marmot M. G. , Melchior M. , Kivimäki M. 
Published: July 2009

BackgroundThe psychosocial vulnerability model of hostility posits that hostile individuals, given their oppositional attitudes and behaviours, are more likely to have increased interpersonal conflicts, lower social support, more stressful life events (SL-E) and higher likelihood of depression. However, little research has tested this hypothesis using large-scale prospective samples. The present study aims to assess the predictive value of hostility for depressive mood.MethodData are from 3399 participants in the Whitehall II cohort study, aged 35–55 years at baseline (phase 1 1985–1988). Cynical hostility was measured at phase 1. Depressive mood was assessed at phase 7 (2002–2004). Sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviours, common mental disorders and antidepressant medication intake were assessed at phase 1. SL-E and confiding/emotional support were measured at phases 1, 2 (1989–1990) and 5 (1997–1999).ResultsCompared with participants in the lowest quartile of cynical hostility, those in the highest quartiles were more likely to have depressive mood [second quartile: odds ratio (OR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–2.20; third quartile: OR 2.78, 95% CI 2.03–3.77; fourth quartile: OR 4.66, 95% CI 3.41–6.36] in analysis adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. This graded association was somewhat attenuated (⩽18%) but remained robust to adjustments for the covariates measured at baseline and follow-up. The association was also evident in participants free of mental health difficulties at baseline.ConclusionsCynical hostility is a strong and robust predictor of depressive mood. Consideration of personality characteristics may be crucial to the understanding and management of depression.
Dyadic discord at baseline is associated with lack of remission in the acute treatment of chronic depression
Authors: Denton W. H. , Carmody T. J. , Rush A. J. , Thase M. E. , Trivedi M. H. , Arnow B. A. , Klein D. N. , Keller M. B. 
Published: July 2009

BackgroundDyadic discord, while common in depression, has not been specifically evaluated as an outcome predictor in chronic major depressive disorder. This study investigated pretreatment dyadic discord as a predictor of non-remission and its relationship to depressive symptom change during acute treatment for chronic depression.MethodOut-patients with chronic depression were randomized to 12 weeks of treatment with nefazodone, the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy or their combination. Measures included the Marital Adjustment Scale (MAS) and the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology – Self Report (IDS-SR30). Of 681 original patients, 316 were partnered and 171 of these completed a baseline and exit MAS, and at least one post-baseline IDS-SR30. MAS scores were analysed as continuous and categorical variables (‘dyadic discord’ v. ‘no dyadic discord’ defined as an MAS score >2.36. Remission was defined as an IDS-SR30 of ⩽14 at exit (equivalent to a 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression of ⩽7).ResultsPatients with dyadic discord at baseline had lower remission rates (34.1%) than those without dyadic discord (61.2%) (all three treatment groups) (χ2=12.6, df=1, p=0.0004). MAS scores improved significantly with each of the treatments, although the change was reduced by controlling for improvement in depression. Depression remission at exit was associated with less dyadic discord at exit than non-remission for all three groups [for total sample, 1.8 v. 2.4, t(169)=7.3, p<0.0001].ConclusionsDyadic discord in chronically depressed patients is predictive of a lower likelihood of remission of depression. Couple therapy for those with dyadic discord may increase remission rates.
Zero-entropy invariant measures for skew product diffeomorphisms
Authors: SUN PENG 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we study some skew product diffeomorphisms with non-uniformly hyperbolic structure along fibers and show that there is an invariant measure with zero entropy which has atomic conditional measures along fibers. For such diffeomorphisms, our result gives an affirmative answer to the question posed by Herman as to whether a smooth diffeomorphism of positive topological entropy would fail to be uniquely ergodic. The proof is based on some techniques that are analogous to those developed by Pesin and Katok, together with an investigation of certain combinatorial properties of the projected return map on the base.
Extreme-value distributions for some classes of non-uniformly partially hyperbolic dynamical systems
Authors: GUPTA CHINMAYA 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this note, we obtain verifiable sufficient conditions for the extreme-value distribution for a certain class of skew-product extensions of non-uniformly hyperbolic base maps. We show that these conditions, formulated in terms of the decay of correlations on the product system and the measure of rapidly returning points on the base, lead to a distribution for the maximum of Φ(p)=−log(d(p,p0)) that is of the first type. In particular, we establish the type I distribution for S1 extensions of piecewise C2 uniformly expanding maps of the interval, non-uniformly expanding maps of the interval modeled by a Young tower, and a skew-product extension of a uniformly expanding map with a curve of neutral points.
Invariant measures on stationary Bratteli diagrams
Authors: BEZUGLYI S. , KWIATKOWSKI J. , MEDYNETS K. , SOLOMYAK B. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe study dynamical systems acting on the path space of a stationary (non-simple) Bratteli diagram. For such systems we give an explicit description of all ergodic probability measures that are invariant with respect to the tail equivalence relation (or the Vershik map); these measures are completely described by the incidence matrix of the Bratteli diagram. Since such diagrams correspond to substitution dynamical systems, our description provides an algorithm for finding invariant probability measures for aperiodic non-minimal substitution systems. Several corollaries of these results are obtained. In particular, we show that the invariant measures are not mixing and give a criterion for a complex number to be an eigenvalue for the Vershik map.
Normalisation holomorphe de structures de Poisson
Authors: LOHRMANN PHILIPP 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe show that a Poisson structure whose linear part vanishes can be holomorphically normalized in a neighbourhood of its singular point $0\in \Bbb C^n$ if, on the one hand, a Diophantine condition on a Lie algebra associated to the quadratic part is satisfied and, on the other hand, the normal form satisfies some formal conditions.
Mixing properties of numeration systems coming from weighted substitutions
Authors: KAMAE TETURO 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA weighted substitution is a substitution that has weights associated with each occurrence of the substituted symbols. It defines a tiling space that admits the translation and scaling operators; the translation is the additive ℝ-action and the scaling is the multiplicative G-action, where G is a closed multiplicative subgroup of ℝ+. We obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for the additive action to be strongly mixing and for it to be weakly mixing.
Electrical explosion process and amorphous structure of carbon fibers under high-density current pulse igniting intense electron-beam accelerator
Authors: Li Limin , Liu Lie , Cheng Guoxin , Chang Lei , Wan Hong , Wen Jianchun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe development of pulsed power technology, particularly for inductive energy storage, promotes the extensive discussions of electrical explosion process in high energy density. This paper presents the electrical-explosion behavior of carbon fibers subjected to about 20 kA, ~5 µs high-density current pulse igniting an intense electron beam accelerator. After electrical explosion, and surface rupture, submicron particles, fibrillar and strip-shaped structures were observed, experimentally supporting the microstructure model (skin-core heterogeneity) of carbon fiber. Interestingly, the start and turn-off of the current were followed by radiation pulses with different intensities. It was found that the radiation was focused on the explosion stage which was characterized by an oscillating current. The instabilities of plasma produced during the explosion process play an important role in the microstructure changes of carbon fibers and the radiation generation.
Experimental evidence for the global acidification of surface ocean at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary: the biogenic calcite-poor spherule layers
Authors: Premović Pavle I. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe massive amount of impact-generated atmospheric CO2at the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary (KPB) would have accumulated globally in the surface ocean, leading to acidification and CaCO3undersaturation. These chemical changes would have caused a crisis of biocalcification of calcareous plankton and enhanced dissolution of their shells; these factors together may have played a crucial role in forming the biogenic calcite-poor KPB spherule layers observed at numerous oceanic sites and marine (now on land) sites in Europe and Africa. Experimental data and observations indicate that the deposition spherule layer probably lasted only a few decades at most.
Morphologic variation in the USDA/ARS rhubarb germplasm collection
Authors: Pantoja Alberto , Kuhl Joseph C. 
Published: July 2009

Rhubarb includes approximately 60 species in the genusRheum. It has been utilized for thousands of years for medicinal purposes, but only recently identified for its culinary use. In the mid 1700s, edible petioles were discovered on seedlings from rhubarb species. Hundreds of cultivars have since been identified for a wide range of uses from tarts to wine. Unfortunately, propagation by seed and irregular naming has resulted in a plethora of similarly named cultivars and multitude of phenotypes. Fifteen morphological characters were evaluated to differentiate rhubarb cultivars in the USDA, ARSRheumcollection in Palmer, Alaska. Two years of morphological data, focusing on horticultural characteristics indicated variation between the years. To improve cultivar resolution, the results suggest using 1 year's data instead of combining data from different years. The mean °Brix observed was 3.8, with a range from 2.2 to 6.1. Flesh colour and basal skin colour were poorly correlated (R2 = 0.462); overall skin colour was more red at the base than in the middle of the petiole. Rhubarb character categories, in particular petiole number and petiole base thickness, need to be modified to better anticipate the range of expected values, and thereby contribute improved reproducibility and reliability to separate cultivars based on morphological characters.
New Policy on Eos Submissions
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: July 2009

Starting immediately, Eos is eliminating the requirement to submit a proposal for a feature article before submitting the full manuscript. Rather, we welcome the submission of full feature articles. This change will improve the timeliness of the manuscript review process.In April 2007, Eos began asking authors to submit proposals before the editors invited submission of a feature article to help ensure that Eos balanced its coverage of all of AGU's disciplines (Eos, 88(11), 13 March 2007). Assessments show that the balance of subject matter has improved over the past few years, but the proposal process itself does not contribute effectively to that goal. Requiring proposals for feature articles prolonged the time between initial submission and the acceptance of an invited feature—frustrating authors and editors alike.
Rain on Snow: Little Understood Killer in the North
Authors: Putkonen Jaakko , Grenfell Thomas C. , Rennert Kevin , Bitz Cecilia , Jacobson Paul , Russell Don 
Published: July 2009

In October 2003, a severe rain‐on‐snow (ROS) event killed approximately 20,000 musk‐oxen (Figure 1) on Banks Island, which is the westernmost of the Canadian Arctic islands (approximately 380 kilometers by 290 kilometers in size). The event reduced the isolated herd by 25% and significantly affected the people dependent on the herd's well‐being. Because of the sparsity of weather stations in the Arctic and the lack of routinely deployed weather equipment that was capable of accurately sensing the ROS event, its detection largely was based on reports from hunters who were in the affected areas at the time.Such events can significantly alter a frozen ecosystem—with changes that often persist for the remainder of a winter—by creating ice layers at the surface of, within, or below the snowpack. The water and ice layers are known to facilitate the growth of toxic fungi, significantly warm the soil surface under thick snowpack, and deter large grazing mammals. Although ROS events of the magnitude that was experienced in Banks Island in 2003 likely have reverberations throughout the entire Arctic and subarctic ecosystem, little is presently known about them and their impacts. As understanding of ROS events expands, many ROS‐related aspects of the Arctic ecology and hydrology are likely to be discovered. They may include topics such as the fate of small mammals under the snowpack at the iced soil surface, the difficulty of ptarmigans to burrow into the iced snow, the limited infiltration of spring snowmelt into the iced over soil, and the changing drifting patterns of ice‐crusted snowpack.
High ambient glucose induces angiotensin-independent AT-1 receptor activation, leading to increases in proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation in MES-13 mesangial cells
Authors: Yano Naohiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Endoh Masayuki , Cao Tram N. , Dahdah John R. , Tseng Andy , Stabila Joan P. , McGonnigal Bethany G. , Padbury James F. , Tseng Yi-Tang 
Published: July 2009

Diabetic nephropathy is associated with mesangial ECM (extracellular matrix) accumulation. We have shown that AT-1R [Ang II (angiotensin II) type I receptor] signalling induces ECM proteins via transactivation of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) in mesangial cells. In the present study, we examined the mechanisms underlying the effect of high ambient glucose on cell proliferation and ECM expansion in a mesangial context. High glucose induced increases in PI3K activity, proliferation and ECM accumulation in mesangial cells. These effects were abrogated by losartan, an AT-1R antagonist, but not by [Sar1,Thr8]-Ang II (Sar is sarcosine), an inactive analogue of Ang II, or by a neutralizing antibody against Ang I/II. Overexpression of a constitutively active PI3Kα or AT-1R alone was sufficient to induce similar changes by high glucose. In contrast, overexpression of an inactive AT-1R lowered the basal levels and rendered the cells non-responsive to high glucose. Moreover, cells overexpressing wild-type AT-1R had enhanced sensitivity to acute Ang II stimulation. These cells, however, did not respond to conditioned medium obtained from mesangial cells cultured in high glucose. We further demonstrated that iAng (intracellular Ang II) can be induced by high glucose but only under certain conditions. Efficient suppression of iAng by short hairpin RNA against angiotensinogen, however, did not affect high glucose-induced effects on MES-13 cells. These results suggest that high ambient glucose induces activation of AT-1R in an Ang II-independent manner to transactivate PI3K, resulting in proliferation and ECM accumulation in mesangial cells.
An algorithm for learning maximum entropy probability models of disease risk that efficiently searches and sparingly encodes multilocus genomic interactions
Authors: Miller David J. , Zhang Yanxin , Yu Guoqiang , Liu Yongmei , Chen Li , Langefeld Carl D. , Herrington David , Wang Yue 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Motivation: In both genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and pathway analysis, the modest sample size relative to the number of genetic markers presents formidable computational, statistical and methodological challenges for accurately identifying markers/interactions and for building phenotype-predictive models.
Results: We address these objectives via maximum entropy conditional probability modeling (MECPM), coupled with a novel model structure search. Unlike neural networks and support vector machines (SVMs), MECPM makes explicit and is determined by the interactions that confer phenotype-predictive power. Our method identifies both a marker subset and the multiple k-way interactions between these markers. Additional key aspects are: (i) evaluation of a select subset of up to five-way interactions while retaining relatively low complexity; (ii) flexible single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) coding (dominant, recessive) within each interaction; (iii) no mathematical interaction form assumed; (iv) model structure and order selection based on the Bayesian Information Criterion, which fairly compares interactions at different orders and automatically sets the experiment-wide significance level; (v) MECPM directly yields a phenotype-predictive model. MECPM was compared with a panel of methods on datasets with up to 1000 SNPs and up to eight embedded penetrance function (i.e. ground-truth) interactions, including a five-way, involving less than 20 SNPs. MECPM achieved improved sensitivity and specificity for detecting both ground-truth markers and interactions, compared with previous methods.
Availability: http://www.cbil.ece.vt.edu/ResearchOngoingSNP.htm
Contact: djmiller@engr.psu.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Reconstructing spatiotemporal gene expression data from partial observations
Authors: Cartwright Dustin A. , Brady Siobhan M. , Orlando David A. , Sturmfels Bernd , Benfey Philip N. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Developmental transcriptional networks in plants and animals operate in both space and time. To understand these transcriptional networks it is essential to obtain whole-genome expression data at high spatiotemporal resolution. Substantial amounts of spatial and temporal microarray expression data previously have been obtained for the Arabidopsis root; however, these two dimensions of data have not been integrated thoroughly. Complicating this integration is the fact that these data are heterogeneous and incomplete, with observed expression levels representing complex spatial or temporal mixtures.
Results: Given these partial observations, we present a novel method for reconstructing integrated high-resolution spatiotemporal data. Our method is based on a new iterative algorithm for finding approximate roots to systems of bilinear equations.
Availability: Source code for solving bilinear equations is available at http://math.berkeley.edu/∼dustin/bilinear/. Visualizations of reconstructed patterns on a schematic Arabidopsis root are available at http://www.arexdb.org/.
Contact: dustin@math.berkeley.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Marketing the academic library on the web
Authors: Kaur Kiran 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the marketing initiatives taken by academic libraries to promote collection and services to their clientele. It specifically aims to examine academic library web sites for marketing approach, promotional and public relations activities.Design/methodology/approachThe study relies heavily on web site exploration and interviews with library managers. A total of 22 library web sites were examined based on pre‐determined criteria developed from the extant literature and initial web site investigation. The paper also draws upon the authors' personal experiences and observations. Interviews were used to investigate university library manager's level of awareness of the library web site as a marketing tool and how they perceived this to be used to the library's advantage.FindingsIt is found that academic libraries are lacking in their promotional activities. Library web sites are not fully utilized as a marketing tool and an enabler to reach out to the community for promotion of services and collections.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to Malaysian university libraries, therefore generalization to others is to be cautioned but there are important lessons to be learnt.Practical implicationsThis paper will be helpful to libraries planning to implement a marketing strategic plan to improve its outreach to users and enhance the users' image of the library.Originality/valueA study such as this is new in Malaysia and reveals several marketing strategies that may be useful to other academic libraries.
A theoretical model of transformational leadership's role in diverse teams
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca J. , Boyle Brendan 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical model of leadership and knowledge creation by drawing on two contrasting diversity perspectives. The model argues a moderating role for leadership in explaining the influence of diverse composition on team knowledge creation.Design/methodology/approachA model of leadership's impact on knowledge creation is developed based on an interdisciplinary review of literature spanning the creativity, innovation and learning literature, diversity management, top management team demography and upper echelons literature and learning from transformational leadership research.FindingsThe main contribution of this paper is the development of a model of transformational leadership's impact on knowledge creation in diverse teams based on a series of propositions. Focusing on the information/decision‐making perspective, our model depicts the role of leadership in facilitating constructive cognitive effects on knowledge creation. From the social categorisation perspective our model depicts the role of leadership in mitigating against destructive emotional barriers to group effectiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper's review and model indicate significant implications for future research and practice. The model provides a better understanding of the effects of transformational leadership on knowledge creation. The paper present justification for two pathways, cognitive and affective, through which leadership moderates the impact of diversity on team outcomes. By examining the model and its proposed relationships, we believe that it will enable researchers to shed new light on these issues for further investigations.Originality/valueThis review is among the first to address the role of transformational leadership in diverse teams, and one of the only papers to connect leadership, diversity and knowledge creation.
Sisterhood in short supply in the workplace
Authors: Marques Joan 
Published: July 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to put forward the view that the glass ceiling will remain in place so long as women continue to hinder the progress of their female colleagues in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachPresents three examples of women who held back the advancement of their female colleagues.FindingsHighlights the “crab‐bucket” mentality, where crabs at the bottom of a bucket pull down the ones that try to climb up.Practical implicationsSuggests that this behavior may partially be explained by the fact that women may have to work harder for promotion.Originality/valueProvides a new insight on the glass ceiling.