bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absorption coefficient for the intraband transitions in quantum dot materials
Authors: Luque Antonio , Martí Antonio , Mellor Alex , Fuertes Marrón D. , Tobías I. , Antolín E. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present calculations of the absorption coefficient for transitions between the bound states of quantum dots grown within a semiconductor and the extended states of the conduction band. For completeness, transitions among bound states are also presented. In the separation of variables, single band k·p model is used in which most elements may be expressed analytically. The analytical formulae are collected in the appendix of this paper. It is concluded that the transitions are strong enough to provide a quick path to the conduction band for electrons pumped from the valence to the intermediate band. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and double doping behavior of a poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)s bearing conjugated side chains
Authors: Kawashima Hirotsugu , Kawabata Kohsuke , Goto Hiromasa 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) derivative bearing conjugated side chains (polyCPV) was synthesized by Migita‐Kosugi‐Stille type coupling polycondensation reaction. This polymer contains phenylenevinylene units in both the main chain and the side chains. UV–vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopies revealed a well‐developed π‐conjugation of the polyCPV. The absorption band of the polymer was extended to long wavelengths. A fluorescent emission maximum of polyCPV is located at considerably longer wavelengths than that of the conjugated side chain monomer. Electron spin resonance measurements of polyCPV confirmed generation of charge species in both the main chain and the side chains via iodine doping. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Long‐term effect of the self‐management comprehensive coping strategy program on quality of life in patients with breast cancer treated with high‐dose chemotherapy
Authors: Gaston‐Johansson Fannie , Fall‐Dickson Jane M. , Nanda Joy P. , Sarenmalm Elisabeth Kenne , Browall Maria , Goldstein Nancy 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to examine the effectiveness of a self‐management multimodal comprehensive coping strategy program (CCSP) on quality of life (QOL) among breast cancer patients 1 year after treatment.MethodsPatients (n = 110) with stage II, III, or IV breast cancer scheduled to receive high dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were randomized to either CCSP treatment or control group. The CCSP intervention was taught 2 week before hospital admission with reinforcement at specified times during treatment and 3 months after discharge. The CCSP components included educational information, cognitive restructuring, coping skills enhancement, and relaxation with guided imagery. Instruments administered at baseline included the following: Quality of Life Index—Cancer Version (QOLI‐CV), State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Coping Strategies Questionnaire. At 1‐year follow‐up, patients (n = 73) completed and returned the follow‐up QOLI‐CV.ResultsPatients were mainly ≥40 years of age, married, Caucasian, and diagnosed with advanced breast cancer. A model measuring effectiveness of CCSP on QOL (total and subscale) at 1‐year follow‐up showed that the CCSP group (n = 38) had significant improvement in overall QOL (p < 0.01), health and functioning (p < 0.05), and socioeconomic (p < 0.05) and psychological/spiritual well‐being (p < 0.01) compared with the control group (n = 35). The CCSP patients frequently used the CCSP to manage psychological (51%) and sleep problems (60%).ConclusionsThe CCSP improved QOL for patients at 1‐year follow‐up. Patients overwhelmingly reported that CCSP was beneficial. The CCSP as an effective coping intervention has potential as a self‐management program for breast cancer survivors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized clinical trial of a brief and extensive dyadic intervention for advanced cancer patients and their family caregivers
Authors: Northouse Laurel L. , Mood Darlene W. , Schafenacker Ann , Kalemkerian Gregory , Zalupski Mark , LoRusso Patricia , Hayes Daniel F. , Hussain Maha , Ruckdeschel John , Fendrick A. Mark , Trask Peter C. , Ronis David L. , Kershaw Trace 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundFew intervention programs assist patients and their family caregivers to manage advanced cancer and maintain their quality of life (QOL). This study examined (i) whether patient–caregiver dyads (i.e., pairs) randomly assigned to a brief or extensive dyadic intervention (the FOCUS Program) had better outcomes than dyads randomly assigned to usual care and (ii) whether patients' risk for distress and other factors moderated the effect of the brief or extensive program on outcomes.MethodsAdvanced cancer patients and their caregivers (N = 484 dyads) were stratified by patients' baseline risk for distress (high versus low), cancer type (lung, colorectal, breast, or prostate), and research site and then randomly assigned to a brief (three‐session) or extensive (six‐session) intervention or control. The interventions offered dyads information and support. Intermediary outcomes were appraisals (i.e., appraisal of illness/caregiving, uncertainty, and hopelessness) and resources (i.e., coping, interpersonal relationships, and self‐efficacy). The primary outcome was QOL. Data were collected prior to intervention and post‐intervention (3 and 6 months from baseline). The final sample was 302 dyads. Repeated measures MANCOVA was used to evaluate outcomes.ResultsSignificant group by time interactions showed that there was an improvement in dyads' coping (p < 0.05), self‐efficacy (p < 0.05), and social QOL (p < 0.01) and in caregivers' emotional QOL (p < 0.05). Effects varied by intervention dose. Most effects were found at 3 months only. Risk for distress accounted for very few moderation effects.ConclusionsBoth brief and extensive programs had positive outcomes for patient–caregiver dyads, but few sustained effects. Patient–caregiver dyads benefit when viewed as the ‘unit of care’. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The structural basis for substrate versatility of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase CATI
Authors: Biswas Tapan , Houghton Jacob L. , Garneau‐Tsodikova Sylvie , Tsodikov Oleg V. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNovel antibiotics are needed to overcome the challenge of continually evolving bacterial resistance. This has led to a renewed interest in mechanistic studies of once popular antibiotics like chloramphenicol (CAM). Chloramphenicol acetyltransferases (CATs) are enzymes that covalently modify CAM, rendering it inactive against its target, the ribosome, and thereby causing resistance to CAM. Of the three major types of CAT (CATI‐III), the CAM‐specific CATIII has been studied extensively. Much less is known about another clinically important type, CATI. In addition to inactivating CAM and unlike CATIII, CATI confers resistance to a structurally distinct antibiotic, fusidic acid. The origin of the broader substrate specificity of CATI has not been fully elucidated. To understand the substrate binding features of CATI, its crystal structures in the unbound (apo) and CAM‐bound forms were determined. The analysis of these and previously determined CATI‐FA and CATIII‐CAM structures revealed interactions responsible for CATI binding to its substrates and clarified the broader substrate preference of CATI compared to that of CATIII.
Thermally Induced Structural and Morphological Changes of CdSe/CdS Octapods
Authors: Goris Bart , Van Huis Marijn A. , Bals Sara , Zandbergen Henny W. , Manna Liberato , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBranched nanostructures are of great interest because of their promising optical and electronic properties. For successful and reliable integration in applications such as photovoltaic devices, the thermal stability of the nanostructures is of major importance. Here the different domains (CdSe cores, CdS pods) of the heterogeneous octapods are shown to have different thermal stabilities, and heating is shown to induce specific shape changes. The octapods are heated from room temperature to 700 °C, and investigated using (analytical and tomographic) transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At low annealing temperatures, pure Cd segregates in droplets at the outside of the octapods, indicating non‐stochiometric composition of the octapods. Furthermore, the tips of the pods lose their faceting and become rounded. Further heating to temperatures just below the sublimation temperature induces growth of the zinc blende core at the expense of the wurtzite pods. At higher temperatures, (500–700 °C), sublimation of the octapods is observed in real time in the TEM. Three‐dimensional tomographic reconstructions reveal that the four pods pointing into the vacuum have a lower thermal stability than the four pods that are in contact with the support.
Evaluation and initial in vitro and ex vivo characterization of the potential positron emission tomography ligand, BU99008 (2‐(4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐1‐ methyl‐1H‐indole), for the imidazoline2 binding site
Authors: Tyacke Robin J. , Fisher Amy , Robinson Emma S.J. , Grundt Peter , Turner Emma M. , Husbands Stephen M. , Hudson Alan L. , Parker Christine A. , Nutt David J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe density of the Imidazoline2 binding site (I2BS) has been shown to change in psychiatric conditions such as depression and addiction, along with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's chorea. The presence of I2BS on glial cells and the possibility that they may in some way regulate glial fibrillary acidic protein has led to increased interest into the role of I2BS and I2BS ligands in conditions characterized by marked gliosis. In addition, it has been suggested that I2BS may be a marker for human glioblastomas. Therefore, the development of a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for the I2BS would be of major benefit in our understanding of these conditions. We now report the successful synthesis and initial pharmacological evaluation of potential PET radioligands for the I2BS as well as the tritiation and characterization of the most favorable of the series, BU99008 (6), both in vitro and ex vivo in rat. The series as a whole demonstrated excellent affinity and selectivity for the I2BS, with BU99008 (6) selected as the lead candidate to be taken forward for in vivo assessment. BU99008 (6) showed very good affinity for the I2BS (Ki of 1.4 nM; Kd = 1.3 nM), good selectivity compared with the α2‐adrenoceptor (909‐fold). In addition, following peripheral administration, [3H]BU99008 demonstrated a heterogenous uptake into the rat brain consistent with the known distribution of the I2BS in vivo. This, and the amenability of BU99008 (6) to radiolabeling with a positron‐emitting radioisotope, indicates its potential as a PET radioligand for imaging the I2BS in vivo. Synapse, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Test‐retest stability of cerebral mGluR5 quantification using [11C]ABP688 and positron emission tomography in rats
Authors: Elmenhorst David , Aliaga Antonio , Bauer Andreas , Rosa‐Neto Pedro 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study evaluates the reproducibility of the quantification of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) densities in rats using the PET radiotracer [11C]ABP688 and pharmacokinetic models that are based on an input function, which is derived from a reference tissue. Seven rats underwent dynamic PET scans (60 min) after bolus injection of [11C]ABP688. Kinetic analyses included: binding potential (BPND) determined by calculating (a) the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) and (b) its two‐steps simplified version (SRTM2); (c) multilinear reference tissue model (MRTM) and (d) its 2‐parameter version (MRTM2); (e) noninvasive graphical analysis (NIGA). Parametric images were generated representing BPND by the MRTM2 model. BPND determinations were reproducible with low to acceptable variability ranging from 5 to 10% and reproducibility scores (intraclass correlation coefficient) between 0.51 and 0.88. The pharmacokinetic model that showed lowest overall variability was the SRTM. In contrast, the use of the NIGA was associated with significantly lower reproducibility scores. Comparison of parametric images revealed no significant bias between test and retest measurements and is therefore suitable to compare groups at voxel levels. In conclusion, our results suggest that noninvasive quantification of [11C]ABP688 imaging is reproducible and reliable for PET studies of the cerebral mGluR5 in rats. Synapse, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
D1–NMDA receptor interactions in the rat nucleus accumbens change during adolescence
Authors: Huppé‐Gourgues Frédéric , O'donnell Patricio 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMany aspects of the dopamine (DA) system mature during adolescence. For example, the DA modulation of glutamate responses in the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) acquires adult characteristics during late adolescence. In the striatum, D1 receptors modulate NMDA responses, but whether this behaviorally important interaction matures during adolescence is not known. Here, we tested whether the D1 agonist SKF38393 affects NMDA actions on nucleus accumbens medium spiny neuron (MSN) excitability in slices from juvenile and young adult rats. NMDA dose‐dependently increased excitability in both age groups, and the D1 agonist produced a marginal increase of MSN excitability. In juvenile slices, the most common interaction was a downregulation of NMDA effects on excitability by the D1 agonist, whereas in most adult MSN, the D1 agonist increased NMDA effects on MSN excitability. These results suggest that D1–NMDA receptor interactions in the nucleus accumbens change during adolescence, a change that may result in different processing of reward functions during this critical developmental stage. Synapse, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A decision support system for super tall building development
Authors: Lee Jong‐San , Lee Hyun‐Soo , Park Moon‐Seo , Ji Sae‐Hyun 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYSuper tall building projects commonly inherit a slow and lengthy decision making process due to financial uncertainties, in spite of large investments. However, current decision‐making practices depend upon detailed cost estimating and scheduling during the design development phase and not rough cost estimating and scheduling during the schematic design phase. Discrepancies between a project budget and program with estimated construction cost and construction period often result in architect and consultants having to perform costly re‐design work. To mitigate these issues, this study proposes a decision support system (DSS) model. An interim design development phase is introduced between the schematic design phase and the design development phase. Design alternative generation, database, cost and schedule estimation modules are developed. The design alternative generation module provides design alternatives that change proportionately in response to increases or decreases in the number of building stories. The database module is established for cost and schedule estimation modules. The cost and schedule estimation modules produce construction costs and construction period for design alternatives. Finally, the proposed DSS is validated through the case study of an ongoing real super tall building. Ultimately, the new DSS can assist project control groups in performing efficient and financially beneficial decision making in terms of construction cost and construction period. This research provides a fundamental step towards the development of the DSS for super tall building projects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fostering Marginalized Youths’ Political Participation: Longitudinal Roles of Parental Political Socialization and Youth Sociopolitical Development
Authors: Diemer Matthew A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study examines the roles of parental political socialization and the moral commitment to change social inequalities in predicting marginalized youths’ (defined here as lower‐SES youth of color) political participation. These issues are examined by applying structural equation modeling to a longitudinal panel of youth. Because tests of measurement invariance suggested racial/ethnic heterogeneity, the structural model was fit separately for three racial/ethnic groups. For each group, parental political socialization: discussion predicted youths’ commitment to produce social change and for two groups, longitudinally predicted political participation. This study contributes to the literature by examining civic/political participation among disparate racial/ethnic groups, addresses an open scholarly question (whether youths’ commitment to create social change predicts their “traditional” participation), and emphasizes parents’ role in fostering marginalized youths’ civic and political participation.
Bard PowerPICC Solo2 vs Cook Turbo-Ject: A Tale of Two PICCs
Authors: Alport Brie , Burbridge Brent , Lim Hyun 
Published: January 2012

Purpose To compare the complications experienced for 2 different brands of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC), Cook Turbo-Ject and the Bard PowerPICC Solo2. The rationale for this project revolved around concern that one of the PICCS in question had high rates of complications. Methods A prospective clinical trial was conducted after obtaining approval from the University of Saskatchewan Human Research Ethics Committee. All PICCs were implanted at the Royal University Hospital Medical Imaging Department by an interventional radiologist. Patient randomization was achieved by alternating the brand of PICC implanted in sequential patients. All the subjects were inpatients from a single surgical ward. Patients were excluded from the study if they had a known uncorrected coagulopathy, or if they were being treated for venous thrombosis. This project was financially supported by the Summer Student Research Fund, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan. Results A total of 53 PICCs (25 Bard and 28 Cook) were inserted over the study period. The mean PICC dwell time was 23.3 days for both the Bard and Cook PICCs, respectively. No statistically significant differences were detected in study group demographics, technical placement of the PICCs, or in the complications encountered. Discussion Both the Cook Turbo-Ject and the Bard PowerPicc Solo2 PICCs provided acceptable venous access for a wide variety of clinical indications.
Impact of the Food and Drug Administration's antipsychotic black box warning on psychotropic drug prescribing in elderly patients with dementia in outpatient and office‐based settings
Authors: Desai Vibha C.A. , Heaton Pamela C. , Kelton Christina M.L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundMost patients with dementia also suffer from behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, for which there is no Food and Drug Administration‐approved treatment.ObjectivesTo determine whether the Food and Drug Administration's black box warning in April 2005 has led to a decline in prescriptions of atypical antipsychotics for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, as well as whether prescriptions for other psychotropic drugs, including antidepressants, anxiolytics, and antiepileptics, as substitutes, have increased.MethodsData on outpatient visits by elderly dementia patients were obtained from two large national surveys from 2003 to 2008. Any psychotropic drug mentions were identified. Percentage utilization statistics were calculated.ResultsThe percentage of visits mentioning an atypical antipsychotic decreased from 12.5% prewarning to 11.5% postwarning. Postwarning, 34.4% of patients were taking none of the study medications, as opposed to 26.1% prewarning.ConclusionsAfter the warning, there was a small decline in the use of atypical antipsychotics and no evidence of substitution of other psychotropic medications.
Plant Small RNAs: Biogenesis, Mode of Action and Their Roles in Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Guleria Praveen , Mahajan Monika , Bhardwaj Jyoti , Yadav Sudesh Kumar 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are 18-30 nt non-coding regulatory elements found in diverse organisms, which were initially identified as small double-stranded RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. With the development of new and improved technologies, sRNAs have also been identified and characterized in plant systems. Among them, micro RNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are found to be very important riboregulators in plants. Various types of sRNAs differ in their mode of biogenesis and in their function of gene regulation. sRNAs are involved in gene regulation at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. They are known to regulate growth and development of plants. Furthermore, sRNAs especially plant miRNAs have been found to be involved in various stress responses, such as oxidative, mineral nutrient deficiency, dehydration, and even mechanical stimulus. Therefore, in the present review, we focus on the current understanding of biogenesis and regulatory mechanisms of plant sRNAs and their responses to various abiotic stresses.
Comparative Multivariate Analysis of Codon and Amino Acid Usage in Three Leishmania Genomes
Authors: Chauhan Nutan , Vidyarthi Ambarish Sharan , Poddar Raju 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Multivariate analysis of codon and amino acid usage was performed for three Leishmania species, including L. donovani, L. infantum and L. major. It was revealed that all three species are under mutational bias and translational selection. Lower GC12 and higher GC3S in all three parasites suggests that the ancestral highly expressed genes (HEGs), compared to lowly expressed genes (LEGs), might have been rich in AT-content. This also suggests that there must have been a faster rate of evolution under GC-bias in LEGs. It was observed from the estimation of synonymous/non-synonymous substitutions in HEGs that the HEG dataset of L. donovani is much closer to L. major evolutionarily. This is also supported by the higher dN value as compared to dS between L. donovani and L. major, suggesting the conservation of synonymous codon positions between these two species and the role of translational selection in shaping the composition of protein-coding genes.