bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of IGF1 deficiency in prepubertal children with isolated short stature
Authors: Edouard T , Grünenwald S , Gennero I , Salles J P , Tauber M 
Published: May 2009

Background/aims‘Primary IGF1 deficiency (IGFD)’ is defined by low levels of IGF1 without a concomitant impairment in GH secretion in the absence of secondary cause. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of non-GH deficient IGFD in prepubertal children with isolated short stature (SS) and to describe this population.MethodsThis retrospective study included all children with isolated SS seen in our Pediatric Endocrinology Unit from January 2005 to December 2007. Children were included based on the following criteria: i) SS with current height SDS ≤ −2.5, ii) age≥2 years, and iii) prepubertal status. Exclusion criteria were: i) identified cause of SS and ii) current or past therapy with rhGH. IGF1-deficient children were defined as children without GH deficiency and with IGF1 levels below or equal to −2 SDS.ResultsAmong 65 children with isolated SS, 13 (20%) had low IGF1 levels, consistent with a diagnosis of primary IGFD, four of which were born small for gestational age and nine were born appropriate for gestational age. When compared with non-IGFD children, IGFD children had higher birth weight (−0.7 vs −1 SDS, P=0.02) and birth height (−1.7 vs −2 SDS, P=0.04) and more delayed bone age (2.6 vs 1.7 years, P=0.03).ConclusionThe prevalence of primary IGFD was 20% in children with isolated SS. Concerning the pathophysiology, our study emphasizes that IGFD in some children may be secondary to nutritional deficiency or to maturational delay.
Polymorphic Genes of Major Effect: Consequences for Variation, Selection and Evolution in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Stinchcombe John R , Weinig Cynthia , Heath Katy D , Brock Marcus T , Schmitt Johanna 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The importance of genes of major effect for evolutionary trajectories within and among natural populations has long been the subject of intense debate. For example, if allelic variation at a major-effect locus fundamentally alters the structure of quantitative trait variation, then fixation of a single locus can have rapid and profound effects on the rate or direction of subsequent evolutionary change. Using an Arabidopsis thaliana RIL mapping population, we compare G-matrix structure between lines possessing different alleles at ERECTA, a locus known to affect ecologically relevant variation in plant architecture. We find that the allele present at ERECTA significantly alters G-matrix structure—in particular the genetic correlations between branch number and flowering time traits—and may also modulate the strength of natural selection on these traits. Despite these differences, however, when we extend our analysis to determine how evolution might differ depending on the ERECTA allele, we find that predicted responses to selection are similar. To compare responses to selection between allele classes, we developed a resampling strategy that incorporates uncertainty in estimates of selection that can also be used for statistical comparisons of G matrices.
Epigenetic Inheritance and the Missing Heritability Problem
Authors: Slatkin Montgomery 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEpigenetic phenomena, and in particular heritable epigenetic changes, or transgenerational effects, are the subject of much discussion in the current literature. This article presents a model of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and explores the effect of epigenetic inheritance on the risk and recurrence risk of a complex disease. The model assumes that epigenetic modifications of the genome are gained and lost at specified rates and that each modification contributes multiplicatively to disease risk. The potentially high rate of loss of epigenetic modifications causes the probability of identity in state in close relatives to be smaller than is implied by their relatedness. As a consequence, the recurrence risk to close relatives is reduced. Although epigenetic modifications may contribute substantially to average risk, they will not contribute much to recurrence risk and heritability unless they persist on average for many generations. If they do persist for long times, they are equivalent to mutations and hence are likely to be in linkage disequilibrium with SNPs surveyed in genomewide association studies. Thus epigenetic modifications are a potential solution to the problem of missing causality of complex diseases but not to the problem of missing heritability. The model highlights the need for empirical estimates of the persistence times of heritable epialleles.
Selves and identities in narrative and discourse. Michael Bamberg, Anna de Fina and Deborah Schiffrin (eds) (2007)
Authors: Block David 
Published: May 2009

Selves and identities in narrative and discourse. Michael Bamberg, Anna de Fina and Deborah Schiffrin (eds) (2007) Studies in Narrative 9. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. x + 355. ISBN 978 90 272 2649 5
The Influence of Luting Systems on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Dentin to Indirect Resin-based Composite and Ceramic Restorations
Authors: D'Arcangelo C. , De Angelis F. , D'Amario M. , Zazzeroni S. , Ciampoli C. , Caputi S. 
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance
Compared to self-etch and self-adhesive luting systems, the two etch-and-rinse luting agents evaluated in the current study provided more reliable bonding when used to bond indirect resin-based composite restorations to sound dentin. On the contrary, the self-adhesive luting system showed the highest mean bond strength for the cementation of glass ceramic restorations.
Diagnosis of Sjögren's Syndrome From a Xerostomia Case Accompanied by Multiple Dental Caries
Authors: Seo D-G. , Kim J. , Lee C-Y. , Park S-H. 
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance
This paper presents a comprehensive and systemic approach for determining the etiology of patients with xerostomia and the rapidly progressing potential systemic diseases that can result. Dentists must be reminded of their role in the early diagnosis and treatment of some systemic diseases, because the oral environment may show early symptoms that are relatively easy to detect.
Y-TZP Ceramics: Key Concepts for Clinical Application
Authors: Cavalcanti A. N. , Foxton R. M. , Watson T. F. , Oliveira M. T. , Giannini M. , Marchi G. M. 
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance
The description of the chief characteristics of Y-TZP ceramics provides a background for its clinical application. Both the improved mechanical properties and the lower bonding ability of Y-TZP materials are frequently suggested by the literature. Nevertheless, the combination of air abrasion with aluminum oxide particles (silanated or not), followed by materials containing special reactive monomers, seems to be a potential adhesion mechanism.
The Effect of Three Variables on Shear Bond Strength When Luting A Resin Inlay to Dentin
Authors: Lee J-I. , Park S-H. 
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance
In order to maximize the bond strength of a resin inlay to dentin, the exposed dentin surface should be sealed with DBA before taking an impression. In addition, the bonding agent should be gently air dried and light cured before applying the luting material.
Influence of the Internal Conditioning of Indirect Restorations of Resin Composite in Relation to Microleakage Using LEDs and QTH Units
Authors: Calabrez-Filho S. , Calabrez V. C. N. , Reston E. G. , Andrade M. F. , Borges L. H. 
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance
An efficient polymerization of resin composite inlays associated with treatment of the surface and luting with dual resinous cement and flowable resin composites presents better longevity of restorations.
Effect of Filler Ratio in Adhesive Systems on the Shear Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Porcelains
Authors: Güler A. U. , Sarikaya I. B. , Güler E. , Yücel AÇ 
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance
The results of this study indicate that adhesive systems with a high filler ratio provide the greatest strength for resin repair of low-fusing feldspathic porcelain restorations. In addition, self-etching adhesive systems may not be indicated for such repairs.
The Effect of Flowable Materials on the Microleakage of Class II Composite Restorations That Extend Apical to the Cemento-enamel Junction
Authors: Sadeghi M. , Lynch C. D. 
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance
The use of a flowable resin composite or compomer may reduce microleakage at the gingival floor of a deep Class II composite restoration that extends apical to the cemento-enamel junction.
Corrosion Sealing of Amalgam Restorations In Vitro
Authors: Mahler D. B. , Pham B. V. , Adey J. D. 
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance
After placement, amalgam restorations exhibit a gap between the restoration and tooth structure, which fills with corrosion products during time in clinical service. To reduce the time necessary to fill this gap, an amalgam that exhibits a small initial gap shortly after setting and an amalgam that contains zinc is recommended.
Clinical Evaluation of Ceramic Inlays Compared to Composite Restorations
Authors: Lange R. T. , Pfeiffer P. 
Published: May 2009

Clinical RelevanceEvopress ceramic inlays and Filtek Z250 composite restorations showed no significant difference regarding survival probability at 57 months when used as Class I and II restoratives in premolars and molars. Both materials demonstrated acceptable clinical performance, with a preference for the ceramic inlays.
Microleakage in Resin Composite Restorations After Antimicrobial Pre-treatments: Effect of KTP Laser, Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Clearfil Protect Bond
Authors: Siso H. S. , Kustarci A. , Göktolga E. G. 
Published: May 2009

Clinical Relevance
Although none of the procedures tested in this study completely eliminated microleakage, KTP laser irradiation exhibited the lowest microleakage scores for both enamel and gingival margins.
Preparation and characterization of nylon610/functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites
Authors: Li Zhongyuan , Xu Shuzhen , Liu Wentao , He Suqin , Zhu Chengshen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNylon610 nanocomposites containing functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared using wet melt blending method, which is a novel preparation technique. In comparison with the pure nylon610, the elastic modulus, tensile strength, bending modulus, and bending strength of the composites increase significantly with the increase of MWCNTs content, and the mechanical properties of the composites are also improved significantly by adding a small amount of MWCNTs (0.1 wt %). The crystallization peak of the composites shifts to higher temperature with the addition of MWCNTs, and among the two melting peaks, the intensity of melting peak at low temperature decreases with increasing MWCNTs content. The composites are more stable than pure PA610 and decompose at higher temperature, suggesting that the accession of MWCNTs can improve the composites' thermal stability. The storage modulus of the composites decreases with the temperature increasing, but under lower temperature it increases significantly with the addition of MWCNTs–COOH except for PANT‐0.1 sample. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of composites exhibit that the wet melt blending technique can avoid the excess agglomeration of MWCNTs under vacuum dryness, which benefits MWCNTs to disperse uniformly in matrix. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Structural characteristics of UV‐irradiated polyurethane elastomers extended with α,ω‐alkane diols
Authors: Zia Khalid Mahmood , Zuber Mohammad , Barikani Mehdi , Bhatti Ijaz Ahmad , Sheikh Munir Ahmad 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA series of polyurethane (PU) elastomers were prepared by the reaction of poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and 4, 4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), extended with a series of chain extenders (CEs) having 2‐10 methylene units in their structure. The synthesized samples were irradiated for 50, 100, and 200 h as such the spectral distribution of the light is good match for terrestrial solar radiation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the chemistry of monomers and final PU samples. The structural changes in the PU samples upon ultraviolet (UV) irradiation were characterized using FTIR spectroscopic technique. In comparison with non irradiated samples, there was a continuous decrease of the bands upon long‐term UV irradiation. The results revealed that final PU sample extended with 1,6‐hexane diol (1,6‐HDO) to 1, 10 decane diol (1,10‐DDO) have been fully degraded at 200 h irradiation. Comparing PU sample extended with 1, 6‐HDO and 1, 10‐DDO, it was found that the degradation rate of later is higher than former. It was concluded that CEs length has considerable effect on thermal degradation of PU and by increasing CEs length thermal degradation upon UV irradiation shifted to lower temperature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Accelerator adsorption onto carbon nanotubes surface affects the vulcanization process of styrene–butadiene rubber composites
Authors: De Falco A. , Marzocca A. J. , Corcuera M. A. , Eceiza A. , Mondragon I. , Rubiolo G. H. , Goyanes S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) filled styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were prepared by incorporating MWCNT in a SBR/toluene solution and subsequently evaporating the solvent. These composites have shown a significant improvement in Young's modulus and tensile strength with respect to SBR gum without sacrificing high elongation at break. However, this improvement is less than expected at the higher filler content. Then, the influence of low concentrations of MWCNT on the vulcanization process of the SBR composites was studied by means of rheometer torque curves, swelling measurements, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Also, their thermal degradation was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It has been noticed that MWCNT affects the cure kinetics of SBR gum matrix reducing all parameters, i.e., the total heat rate and order of the reaction, scorch delay, maximum torque, and crosslink density. This effect increases as MWCNT content does, and it was attributed to the adsorption of the accelerator employed in the vulcanization (N‐tert‐butyl‐benzothiazole‐2‐sulfenamide) onto the MWCNT surface. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Simultaneous radiation grafting of vinylbenzyl chloride onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) films
Authors: Shin Junhwa , Fei Geng , Kang Sung‐A , Ko Beom‐Seok , Kang Phil‐Hyun , Nho Young Chang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrated that vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC), a versatile monomer with reactive a chloromethyl group could be grafted onto a poly(tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) film without a degradation of the chloromethyl group during a simultaneous irradiation process. The effects of various irradiation conditions such as the total dose, dose rate, solvent, and VBC concentration on the degree of grafting of VBC onto a FEP film were also investigated. The prepared PVBC‐grafted films were characterized using FTIR, TGA, and SEM EDX. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Influence of surfactant properties on thermal behavior and sol–gel transitions in surfactant‐HPMC mixtures
Authors: Joshi Sunil C. , Chen Bin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFour surfactants, namely, sodium n‐decyl sulfate (SDeS), sodium n‐hexadecyl sulfate (SHS), sodium n‐dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and Triton X‐100, were used as additives to study thermal behavior and sol–gel transformations in dilute aqueous hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)/surfactant mixtures using micro‐differential scanning calorimetry. The influence of anionic surfactant, SDS on the gelation varied with SDS concentration where the sol–gel transition started at a higher temperature. Shape of the thermograms changed from single mode to dual mode at the SDS concentration of 6 mM and higher. SDeS and SHS, however, resulted in “salt‐in” effect of a different magnitude during gelation. Triton X‐100, being a non‐ionic surfactant, showed a minor “salt‐out” effect on the thermo‐gelation process. On the basis of different thermal behavior of anionic and non‐ionic surfactant/HPMC systems, a mechanism is proposed explaining how the chemical structure and electro‐charge of the surfactants affect the polymer/surfactant binding and polymer/polymer aggregation because of hydrophobic interaction during the sol–gel transition. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2009
Effect of the addition of wood flours on the properties of rigid polyurethane foam
Authors: Yuan Jiang , Shi Sheldon Q. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate an appropriate process to fabricate the wood‐polyurethane hybrid composites [wood‐polyurethane foam (PUF)]. Rigid PUFs that contain up to 20% wood flours were successfully fabricated from polymeric 4,4‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polyols, silicone surfactant, dibutin dilaurate/dimethylethanolamine catalysts, and distilled water (chemical blowing agent). The effects of hydroxyl value of polyols, wood flour particle size, wood flour content, isocyanate index, and water amount on the compressive property of foam were investigated. The morphology of the cell was observed with a scanning electron microscope. Wood‐PUF with different densities were prepared at different water contents in the wood flours. The relationship between the compressive property and density was established following the Power law. The incorporation of wood flour improved the compressive property of PUF, whereas its tensile and flexural properties were reduced. The thermal stability of the PUF was improved with the addition of wood flour. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Biodegradation of montmorillonite filled oxo‐biodegradable polyethylene
Authors: Reddy Murali Mohan , Deighton Margaret , Bhattacharya Satinath , Parthasarathy Rajarathinam 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOxo‐biodegradation of polyethylene has been well studied with different pro‐oxidants and it has been shown that pro‐oxidants have limited role in the oxidation of polyethylene and do not have any role in microbial growth. However, in few recent studies, montmorillonite clay has been reported to promote the growth of microbes by keeping the pH of the environment at levels conducive to growth. In an attempt to improve the overall oxo‐biodegradation of polyethylene, montmorillonite nanoclay has been used in this study along with a pro‐oxidant. Film samples of oxo‐biodegradable polyethylene (OPE) and oxo‐biodegradable polyethylene nanocomposite (OPENac) were subjected to abiotic oxidation followed by microbial degradation using microorganism Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The progress of degradation was followed by monitoring the chemical changes of the samples using high‐temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The growth of bacteria on the surface of the polymer was monitored using environmental scanning electron microscopy.GPC data and FTIR results have shown that the abiotic oxidation of polyethylene is influenced significantly by the pro‐oxidant but not by nanoclay. But, the changes in molecular weight distribution and FTIR spectra for the biodegraded samples indicate that the growth rate of P. aeruginosa on OPENac is significantly greater than that on OPE. It indicates that nanoclay, by providing a favourable environment, helps in the growth of the microorganism and its utilisation of the polymer surface and the bulk of the polymer volume. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone‐co‐vinyl acetate)‐graft‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) as a compatibilizer for cellulose acetate/poly(ε‐caprolactone) blends
Authors: Higeshiro Tomokazu , Teramoto Yoshikuni , Nishio Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPoly(vinyl pyrrolidone‐co‐vinyl acetate)‐graft‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PVPVAc‐g‐PCL) was synthesized by radical copolymerization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (VP)/vinyl acetate (VAc) comonomer and PCL macromonomer containing a reactive 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate terminal. The graft copolymer was designed in order to improve the interfacial adhesiveness of an immiscible blend system composed of cellulose acetate/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (CA/PCL). Adequate selections of preparation conditions led to successful acquisition of a series of graft copolymer samples with different values of molecular weight (
$M_{n}^{{\rm PVPVA} {{\rm c} - g - {\rm PCL}}}$), number of grafts (n), and segmental molecular weight of PVPVAc between adjacent grafts (Mn (between grafts)). Differential scanning calorimetry measurements gave a still immiscible indication for all of the ternary blends of CA/PCL/PVPVAc‐g‐PCL (72 : 18 : 10 in weight) that were prepared by using any of the copolymer samples as a compatibilizer. However, the incorporation enabled the CA/PCL (4 : 1) blend to be easily melt‐molded to give a visually homogeneous film sheet. This compatibilizing effect was found to be drastically enhanced when PVPVAc‐g‐PCLs of higher $M_{ n}^{{\rm PVPVA}{\rm c} - g - {\rm PCL}}$
and Mn (between grafts) and lower n were employed. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that a uniform dispersion of the respective ingredients in the ternary blends was attainable with an assurance of the mixing scale of several hundreds of nanometers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Electrical characteristics of Al/polyindole Schottky barrier diodes. I. Temperature dependence
Authors: Altindal Seckin , Sari Bekir , Unal H. Ibrahim , Yavas Nihan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this study, the forward and reverse bias current–voltage (I–V), capacitance–voltage (C–V), and conductance–voltage (G/ω–V) characteristics of Al/polyindole (Al/PIN) Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) were studied over a wide temperature range of 140–400 K. Zero‐bias barrier height ΦB0(I–V), ideality factor (n), ac electrical conductivity (σac), and activation energy (Ea), determined by using thermionic emission (TE) theory, were shown fairly large temperature dispersion especially at lower temperatures due to surface states and series resistance of Al/PIN SBD. I–V characteristics of the Al/PIN SBDs showed an almost rectification behavior, but the reverse bias saturation current (I0) and n were observed to be high. This high value of n has been attributed to the particular distribution of barrier heights due to barrier height inhomogeneities and interface states that present at the Al/PIN interface. The conductivity data obtained from G/ωV measurements over a wide temperature range were fitted to the Arrhenius and Mott equations and observed linear behaviors for σac vs. 1/T and ln σac vs. 1/T1/4 graphs, respectively. The Mott parameters of T0 and K0 values were determined from the slope and intercept of the straight line as 3.8 × 107 and 1.08 × 107 Scm−1K1/2, respectively. Assuming a value of 6 × 1012 s−1 for ν0, the decay length α−1 and the density states at the Fermi energy level, N(EF) are estimated to be 8.74 Å and 1.27 × 1020 eV−1cm−3, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009