bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of intraperitoneal bupivacaine on pain following major laparoscopic gynaecological procedures
Authors: Shaw I. C. , Stevens J. , Krishnamurthy S. 
Published: July 2010

We present the results of a randomised, double‐blind controlled trial to determine the effect of adding bupivacaine to intraperitoneal Hartmann's solution, used to reduce the incidence of postoperative adhesions, on postoperative pain and on analgesic consumption in patients presenting for major laparoscopic gynaecological procedures. Fifty‐six women were studied and postoperative analgesic requirements and visual analogue scores were used to assess the pain experienced by the treatment group when compared with the control group. There was no statistical difference in the pain scores between the two groups at any time during the study period (Student's t‐test; p = 0.29–0.74) nor was there any difference in analgesic consumption (Mann–Whitney U‐test; p = 0.34–0.79).
Intubation of infants with Pierre Robin syndrome: the use of the paraglossal approach combined with a gum‐elastic bougie in six consecutive cases
Authors: Semjen F. , Bordes M. , Cros A.‐M. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryInfants with Pierre Robin syndrome are known to be difficult to intubate. We evaluated the paraglossal approach combined with a gum elastic bougie for intubation of these infants. Whilst under general anaesthesia, a conventional laryngoscopy was performed; if it failed to obtain a laryngoscopic grade I or II view, intubation was attempted using a paraglossal approach and a gum elastic bougie. Six consecutive infants were studied. Conventional laryngoscopy failed in all infants whilst the paraglossal approach combined with a gum elastic bougie was successful in five of the cases. The paraglossal approach combined with a gum elastic bougie made intubation easy in most children with severe Pierre Robin syndrome and difficult laryngoscopy. Therefore we recommend this as the first line for airway management in such children. However, a fibreoptic bronchoscope and an anaesthetist trained in fibreoptic intubation must still be present when dealing with severe Pierre Robin syndrome infants.
Cardiac output monitoring: basic science and clinical application
Authors: Jhanji S. , Dawson J. , Pearse R. M. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryDerangements in the circulation are a common feature of sepsis, trauma, major surgery and other critical illnesses. Detailed evaluation of the circulation is therefore an essential aspect of the clinical management of such patients. The use of cardiac output monitoring technology is an increasingly important aspect of evaluating patients in the operating theatre, critical care unit and elsewhere. There are now a number of different technologies available for this purpose, which use a diverse range of physiological principles. A detailed understanding of the physiological principles applied by such technology is essential for safe and effective use in clinical practice. The aim of this article is to describe the physiological principles used to measure cardiac output and their application in various monitors in common clinical use.
Does heart rate variability predict hypotension and bradycardia after induction of general anaesthesia in high risk cardiovascular patients?*
Authors: Hanss R. , Renner J. , Ilies C. , Moikow L. , Buell O. , Steinfath M. , Scholz J. , Bein B. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThis study investigated whether heart rate variability predicts haemodynamic events in high risk patients, defined as Revised Cardiac Risk Index score = 3, scheduled for general anaesthesia. Fifty patients underwent baseline measurement of heart rate variability and were then assigned according to haemodynamic events (hypotension or bradycardia) after standardised induction of anaesthesia into ‘stable’ (n = 39) and ‘unstable’ patients (n = 11). Unstable patients had significantly lower baseline total power. Total power < 500 ms2.Hz−1 was associated with high sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of hypotension or bradycardia. Prospectively, 29 patients with total power < 500 ms2.Hz−1 were compared with 21 patients with total power > 500 ms2.Hz−1. Differences were found in the lowest mean arterial pressure and heart rate after induction of anaesthesia. We conclude that the pre‐operative total power of heart rate variability in high risk patients may indicate the occurrence of haemodynamic events with high sensitivity and specificity. Heart rate variability may be a suitable tool to identify patients at high risk of a haemodynamic event and may be used to indicate need for intensive monitoring and, perhaps, prophylactic treatment.
Ecogeographic variation of body size in the spectacled salamanders (Salamandrina): influence of genetic structure and local factors
Authors: Romano Antonio , Ficetola Gentile Francesco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim  The patterns and causes of ecogeographical body size variation in ectotherms remain controversial. In amphibians, recent genetic studies are leading to the discovery of many cryptic species. We analysed the relationships between body size and climate for a salamander (Salamandrina) that was recently separated into two sibling species, to evaluate how ignoring interspecific and intraspecific genetic structure may affect the conclusions of ecogeographical studies. We also considered the potential effects of factors acting at a local scale.Location  Thirty‐four populations covering the whole range of Salamandrina, which is endemic to peninsular Italy.Methods  We pooled original data and data from the literature to obtain information on the snout–vent length (SVL) of 3850 Salamandrina females; we obtained high‐resolution climatic data from the sampled localities. We used an information‐theoretic approach to evaluate the roles of climate, genetic features (mitochondrial haplogroup identity) and characteristics of aquatic oviposition sites. We repeated our analyses three times: in the first analysis we ignored genetic data on intraspecific and interspecific variation; in the second one we considered the recently discovered differences between the two sibling species; in the third one we included information on intraspecific genetic structure within Salamandrina perspicillata (for Salamandrina terdigitata the sample size was too small to perform intraspecific analyses).Results  If genetic information was ignored, our analysis suggested the existence of a relationship between SVL and climatic variables, with populations of large body size in areas with high precipitation and high thermal range. If species identity was included in the analysis, the role of climatic features was much weaker. When intraspecific genetic differences were also considered, no climatic feature had an effect. In all analyses, local factors were important and explained a large proportion of the variation; populations spawning in still water had a larger body size.Main conclusions  An imperfect knowledge of species boundaries, or overlooking the intraspecific genetic variation can strongly affect the results of analyses of body size variation. Furthermore, local factors can be more important than the large‐scale parameters traditionally considered, particularly in species with a small range.
A Thermodynamic Analysis of the Binding of Calcium, and Magnesium Ions to Parvalbumin
Authors: MOESCHLER Hans J. , SCHAER Jean‐Jacques , COX Jos A. 
Published: July 2010

Microcalorimetry and equilibrium dialysis were used to determine the thermodynamic functions ΔHΔ, ΔG° and δS° guiding the interaction of Ca2+ and Mg2+ with purified carp muscle isoparvalbumin of pI 4.25. The equilibrium dialysis studies indicate equal affinities of the two metal sites of parvalbumin for either Ca2+ or Mg 2+ with equilibrium constants of KCa= 2.7 × 109 M−1, and KMg= 9.5 × 104 M−1. Binding of the two metal ions is fully competitive with no indication for cooperative effects. The apparent Ca2+ affinity constant K'Ca in the presence of 1 mM Mg2+ 2.8 × 107M−1, and the Mg2+−Ca2+ exchange equilibrium constant equals 2.8 × 104 M−1.Microcalorimetry shows that parvalbumin exhibits negative reaction enthalpies of –37.2 kJ/mol metal site for Ca2+‐binding and –25.1 kJ/mol site for Mg2+‐Ca2+ exchange, yielding ΔH°=–12.1 kJ/mol site for Mg2+ complex formation. Enthalpy changes are linearly dependent upon the amount of metal bound to the protein, thus corroborating the equal affinities of the two sites. Reaction entropies ΔS° are + 55.2 J · mol−1− K−1 for Ca2+ complex formation and + 54.8 J · mol‐−1·K−1 for Mg2+ complex formation. Thus the respective metal binding processes are driven by both enthalpy and entropy contributions, and are reminiscent of Ca2+ binding to troponin C. The reaction entropy observed during Mg2+−Ca2+ exchange (0.4 J. mol−1 ‐ K−1) is negligible in spite of the markedly different hydration entropies for Ca2+ and Mg2+ This indicates that the two metal complexes of parvalbumin do not have the same conformation entropy. Since no variation in the intrinsic protein fluorescence was observed upon metal exchange, the conformation differences must be restricted to the immediate environment of the metal binding sites.
Mapping quantitative trait loci for sheath blight resistance in rice using double haploid population
Authors: Xu Qun , Yuan XiaoPing , Yu HanYong , Wang YiPing , Tang ShengXiang , Wei XingHua 
Published: July 2010

With 2 figures and 1 table AbstractThis study used a double haploid (DH) population of ‘Maybelle’, a USA japonica variety susceptible to sheath blight (ShB), and ‘Baiyeqiu’, a Chinese indica landrace resistant to ShB, to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling rice ShB resistance. The DH population (251 lines) was inoculated with R. solani strain RH‐9. A molecular linkage map saturated with 227 markers was constructed. We detected a total of four QTL located on four different chromosomes (qShB1, qShB2, qShB3 and qShB5). The qShB1 QTL explained 8.9% of the phenotypic variation in 2007 and 13.2% in 2008.
Termination of professional responsibility: Exploring the process of discharging patients with heart failure from hospitals
Authors: Hekmatpou Davood , Mohammadi Eesa , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Arefi Sayed Hassan 
Published: July 2010

Hekmatpou D, Mohammadi E, Ahmadi F, Arefi SH. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 389–396 Termination of professional responsibility: Exploring the process of discharging patients with heart failure from hospitalsDespite the emphasized importance of the discharge process for patients with heart failure, this process is not taken as seriously as it should be. The objective of this qualitative study is to explore the concept of discharge and its associated factors in 42 experienced patients, family members, nurses and cardiologists at two educational hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The content analysis of the data indicates that the participants consider hospital discharge as the termination of professional responsibility on the part of physicians and nurses as far as health‐care support is involved. Three themes were identified as factors related to the treating team, health‐care system and patients and their families. Adverse outcomes of inappropriate discharge planning which manifested as incompliance with ‘diet and medical regimen’ and lack of lifestyle modification were also noted. It seems proper to try and change the attitude of physicians and nurses towards the concept of discharge, and raise their sensitivity to organizing and executing discharge plans. It is also recommended that postdischarge care should be established.
Australian rural remote registered nurses' experiences of learning to provide antenatal services in general practice: A pilot study
Authors: Mills Jane , Birks Melanie , Francis Karen , Miles Maureen , Jones Jan 
Published: July 2010

Mills J, Birks M, Francis K, Miles M, Jones J. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 319–325 Australian rural remote registered nurses' experiences of learning to provide antenatal services in general practice: A pilot studyThis article reports on a pilot vocational study programme for provision of antenatal services in the general practice environment. The concurrent evaluation study assessed practice nurses' experiences of undertaking the pilot programme, the level and applicability of the content, and the mode of delivery. General practitioners' understanding of the role of the nurse in providing antenatal services, and the actual and potential impact of this new role on models of service delivery and care were also investigated. Women receiving care from practice nurses within this new model of service delivery and care were also of interest in this study. Findings showed that the current role of the general practice nurse in caring for pregnant women is restricted to assisting the general practitioner to complete their assessment of clients. Organizing clinical placement with a midwife was a major barrier to completing the pilot programme.
Comparative germination ecology of the endemic Centranthus amazonum (Valerianaceae) and its widespread congener Centranthus ruber
Authors: MATTANA EFISIO , DAWS MATTHEW I. , BACCHETTA GIANLUIGI 
Published: July 2010

Abstract Centranthus amazonum Fridl. & A. Raynal (Valerianaceae) is a critically endangered narrow endemic to Central–Eastern Sardinia (Italy), where it occurs in rocky habitats. In the present study, the germination ecology of this species was investigated and compared with the relatively widespread species Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. subsp. ruber. In particular, the effects of a range of constant temperatures (5–25°C) and two alternating temperature regimes (25/10 and 30/15°C) on seed germination were analyzed. For the two species, cardinal temperatures were determined as the reciprocal of time to 50% germination (t50). In addition, seed persistence in the soil was assessed by experimental seed burials. Seeds of both species were non‐dormant; however, C. amazonum produced more empty seeds and germination was slower and reached lower final percentages than C. ruber. Moreover, seed and seedling mass of C. ruber were higher than for C. amazonum and the lack of a persistent soil seed bank detected for C. amazonum increases vulnerability to extinction for this species. The present study provides new data on the germination ecology of the previously unstudied C. amazonum that may explain the rarity of this species when compared with the commonness of C. ruber.
Transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT) for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer: Basic skills
Authors: Furuse Hiroshi , Ozono Seiichiro 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTransurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT) is the standard surgical procedure for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer. We believe that all urologists should be trained in this procedure. This DVD provides an overview of TURBT with particular focus on basic skills, including basic surgical techniques such as the obturator nerve block.Important basic surgical skills required for complete TURBT in non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer are: (i) resection of all visible tumors; (ii) resection of apparently normal mucosa on the border of the tumor; (iii) resection of the muscle layer at the base of the tumor until normal muscle fibers are visible; (iv) in applicable cases, random biopsy of apparently normal urothelium of the bladder wall and transurethral resection (TUR) biopsy of both sides of the prostatic urethra; and (v) when possible, after these procedures are completed, a different operating surgeon should inspect the bladder lumen to confirm that there are no remaining tumors. In particular, sampling resection should be implemented in apparently normal mucosa for approximately 1 cm around the tumor, and at the base of the tumor down to the superficial muscle layer. Resected specimens should be examined histopathologically in order to confirm the absence of malignant findings.Fundamental procedures for TURBT include both one‐stage and two‐stage resection. One‐stage resection is used for relatively small tumors and involves a single procedure with simultaneous resection of both the tumor and the tissue at the tumor base down to the superficial muscle layer. In the two‐stage resection, the first resection exposes the lower level of the mucosa and the second resection removes that lower mucosal layer in order to sample the superficial muscle layer for cancer staging. At the start of the resection, the loop is electrified before it makes contact with the mucosa. Delicate movements of the sheath should be used, along with delicate movement of the loop itself to adjust the depth of resection.The illustration of surgical techniques shows not only the basic techniques but also some points for caution during the resection. For actual resection, it is important to fully understand the properties of the tumor and to combine these techniques appropriately for each individual resection procedure. When resecting multiple tumors, the same basic resection techniques used for single tumors should be applied, and repeated as necessary. (This is a translated section of a video article originally published in Japanese as a DVD in the Audio‐Visual Journal Vol.14 No.1. 2008 by The Japanese Urological Association.)
Niche conservatism as an emerging principle in ecology and conservation biology
Authors: Wiens John J. , Ackerly David D. , Allen Andrew P. , Anacker Brian L. , Buckley Lauren B. , Cornell Howard V. , Damschen Ellen I. , Jonathan Davies T. , Grytnes John‐Arvid , Harrison Susan P. , Hawkins Bradford A. , Holt Robert D. , McCain Christy M. , Stephens Patrick R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe diversity of life is ultimately generated by evolution, and much attention has focused on the rapid evolution of ecological traits. Yet, the tendency for many ecological traits to instead remain similar over time [niche conservatism (NC)] has many consequences for the fundamental patterns and processes studied in ecology and conservation biology. Here, we describe the mounting evidence for the importance of NC to major topics in ecology (e.g. species richness, ecosystem function) and conservation (e.g. climate change, invasive species). We also review other areas where it may be important but has generally been overlooked, in both ecology (e.g. food webs, disease ecology, mutualistic interactions) and conservation (e.g. habitat modification). We summarize methods for testing for NC, and suggest that a commonly used and advocated method (involving a test for phylogenetic signal) is potentially problematic, and describe alternative approaches. We suggest that considering NC: (1) focuses attention on the within‐species processes that cause traits to be conserved over time, (2) emphasizes connections between questions and research areas that are not obviously related (e.g. invasives, global warming, tropical richness), and (3) suggests new areas for research (e.g. why are some clades largely nocturnal? why do related species share diseases?).
Beyond class and nation: reframing social inequalities in a globalizing world1
Authors: Beck Ulrich 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFrom the start individualization theory is the investigation of the paradigm shift in social inequality. Furthermore it shows, how the transnationalization of social inequalities bursts the framework of institutional responses – nation state (parties), trade unions, welfare state systems and the national sociologies of social classes. In this essay I shall try to conceptually elucidate the ‘cosmopolitan perspective’ on relations of social inequality in three cases: (1) the inequality of global risk; (2) the Europe‐wide dynamic of inequality; and (3) transnational inequalities, which emerge from the capacities and resources to transcend borders. Before that I take up Will Atkinson's question: ‘What exactly constitutes individualization and to what extent has it really displaced class?’ (Atkinson 2007: Abstract)
Micropolitics of race and ethnicity in women's prisons in two political contexts
Authors: Kruttschnitt Candace , Hussemann Jeanette 
Published: July 2010

AbstractResearch over the past two decades has focused on the topic of race as important for understanding order and compliance in men's prisons. However, relatively little research considers how subjective understandings of imprisonment are influenced by race, particularly in the case of women prisoners. The current study analyses 139 interviews conducted with women prisoners in California and England in order to determine how race and ethnicity shape prisoners' experiences and abilities to cope with institutional confinement. Findings suggest that women's understandings of their racial identities differ substantially in these two contexts. In California, where the conditions of confinement are more extreme and white women assume a minority status, racial identity emerges as a salient factor in coping with the adversities of prison life. By contrast, in England, it is the women of colour, and particularly foreign nationals, who have a greater appreciation of the role of race and ethnicity in their daily lives. These findings have implications for our understanding of how prisoners draw on their lived experiences to make sense of their carceral worlds.
In search of the glass ceiling: gender and recruitment to management in Norway's state bureaucracy1
Authors: Storvik Aagoth Elise , Schøne Pål 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThere are still fewer female than male managers in Norway's state bureaucracy. This article asks if there are organizational barriers which prevent women from entering these positions. Is there really a glass ceiling, or must one look outside the organizational environment to find an explanation? Is it rather the case that the scarcity of female managers is caused by women's own preferences or their life situations outside work? Or do both contribute to the situation? The study shows that female managers are treated just as well as male managers in central parts of the state bureaucracy. Employers give equal shares of respect and attention to both genders. Female managers are encouraged to apply for the same number of jobs as men and are offered an equal number of jobs as men when they apply; in fact, women are offered more jobs than men, when one controls for the number of job applications. This indicates that organizational barriers are not the problem. The study also shows that there are no differences in work orientation between male and female managers. Female managers are just as ambitious as male managers. Nor do female managers find it more difficult than male managers to combine work and family life. So, how can one explain the low number of female managers? The study shows that one reason can be that female managers apply for management jobs less often than their male colleagues. The cause of this seems to be anticipated discrimination rather than lack of ambition or self‐confidence. However, this slows down women's movement into higher management positions in the state bureaucracy.
Unity is strength: staff college and the British officer corps
Authors: King Anthony 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUtilizing Bourdieu's concept of the habitus, Keith Macdonald has recently examined the elite social origins of the British officer corps. His analysis is valid as far at it goes but it ignores the professional practices of British officers. This article examines Britain's Joint Services Command and Staff College to assess the unification of the three services around common forms of military practice. It argues that while the new staff college has been effective in disseminating new forms of professional expertise among British officers, various practices have been institutionalized which actively undermine the unity of the officer corps.