bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymerization of N-methyl B-methyl amino borazine
Authors: Moutaabbid Hicham , Moutaabbid Mohammed 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
A large quantity of high-quality poly[N-methyl B-methyl amino borazine] was synthesized via a solventless method from the monomer 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tri(methyl amino)borazine. The thermal polymerization profile was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. A polymerization mechanism involving the condensation reaction of two –N(H)CH3 groups releasing methylamine was proposed and compared with the literature. As a result of cross-linking via the amino­methyl moiety, the cured polymer exhibited a molecular weight Mn of 790 g mol-1, glass transition temperature of 64°C, high cross-link density, and thermal stability with a decomposition temperature of 165°C. Functionalized poly[N-methyl B-methyl amino borazine] with chemical stability was fully characterized by 1H, 13C, 11B nuclear magnetic resonance, FTIR, DSC, and SEC analyses. Ultraviolet absorption spectra evidenced changes in the structure of the aforementioned oligomers.
Ellipse und Textverstehen
Authors: Hennig Mathilde 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Elliptical structures can be seen as a challenge for grammar theory, grammatical research of individual languages and psycholinguistics. Whereas research on elliptical structures in grammar theory and psycholinguistics is mainly restricted to coordination ellipsis, grammatical research on ellipsis in German covers a much wider range of elliptical structures both in written texts and spoken language. The article argues for a broadening of the psycholinguistic understanding of ellipsis by taking into account different types of text ellipsis revealed by research in German linguistics and by correlating different types of elliptical structures with sub-processes of the understanding of texts (coherence, inference). It shows that the shift of attention to a wider range of types of elliptical structures also leads to new hypotheses of understanding elliptical structures. As the article only offers a first approach to the integration of text understanding and grammatical classification of elliptical structures, it cannot provide an elaborate set of methods for proving the hypotheses. It therefore closes with an appeal to a more extensive collaboration of different linguistic disciplines.
Central Venous Lines in Pediatric Oncology Patients: A Single Institution Experience, Including Risk Factors for Early Removal
Authors: Shah Amisha , Freiberg Andrew , Lehman Erik B. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Aim/Purpose: To tabulate the types of lines used for childhood cancer at our institution and risk factors for early removal.
Background/Introduction: Most children with cancer require central venous catheters for chemotherapy, support and monitoring, but infection, dysfunction (i.e. mechanical problems such as fracture and nonthrombotic obstruction) and thrombosis often necessitate unplanned removal. Timing and type of line chosen may determine central line longevity.
Review of Relevant Literature: A literature search revealed that there are minimal and conflicting data in the realm of pediatric central lines and reasons for their removal, especially in the ALL population.
Methods: We reviewed records of all children diagnosed with cancer at our institution from 2002 to 2003 to catalog types of lines and variables that impacted line survival.
Results: 174 children were diagnosed with cancer in 2002–2003; 175 lines in 103 children total were used in the study-117 were removed electively, 58 were removed non-electively. Several variables, including infection, predicted non-elective removal. External tunneled lines were associated with non-elective removal (OR: 11.9, p&lt;0.01) and removal due to infection (OR: 10.41, p&lt;0.01) more often than were tunneled ports. Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in which a tunneled port was placed at diagnosis were more likely to require non-elective removal than tunneled ports placed after induction chemotherapy (43% vs. 8%). While this difference did not reach significance due to low numbers of early placements, 43% of placements at diagnosis failed by 125 days, whereas 100% of lines placed late were still in place until 393 days and 72% were still in place up to 803 days.
Conclusions: Early central line removal in pediatric oncology is determined by interdependent factors and prospective studies are needed to guide the timing and type of line for individual patients. However, early line placement for ALL may be associated with poor line survival.
Beyond Diagnosis- and Therapy-Centred Therapy: the Case for Incorporating Contextual Factors in Psychotherapy Treatment Planning
Authors: Restifo Sam 
Published: August 2011

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to outline a basic approach to psychotherapy treatment selection, with an emphasis on the role of contextual factors. Method: Observations and suggestions are based on clinical work and reading of the psychiatric literature. Conclusion: It is preferable to organize psychotherapy treatment selection around a consideration of case formulation and contextual factors rather than just diagnosis or a general preference for a purportedly superior type of therapy.
Repatriation of a Patient Under a Forensic Order from Australia to Thailand
Authors: Scott Russ , Graipaspong Duangta 
Published: August 2011

Objective: A person who develops a serious mental illness whilst visiting Australia may encounter substantial barriers to treatment, rehabilitation and eventual repatriation to his home country. Particularly when English is not the person's first language and there are no supports in Australia, the person will have special needs whilst recovering from his or her illness. Further difficulties arise if the person has been charged with a serious offence. Method: We present the case of a 23 year old single Thai citizen who had been living in Australia on an overseas student visa before he was charged with a serious violent offence in the context of a mental illness. Results: Following an assessment at the watch-house, the patient was diagnosed with an untreated psychotic illness. The patient was subsequently admitted from a remand prison to a secure mental hospital and became subject to the involuntary treatment provisions of the Queensland Mental Health Act. Conclusions: With a detailed multi-disciplinary rehabilitation plan and the assistance of a transcultural mental health service, a patient with a serious mental illness may be rehabilitated to enable negotiations with multiple government and non-government agencies to facilitate the patient's return to his country of origin.
Antoine Meillet et le futur des empires après la Première guerre mondiale
Authors: Moret Sébastien 
Published: August 2011

En revenant en 1928, dans l’avant-propos à la seconde édition des Langues dans l’Europe nouvelle , sur les dix années qui venaient de s’écouler depuis la première édition de 1918, Antoine Meillet ne pouvait que constater l’avènement d’un monde nouveau. Entre 1918 et 1928, il est vrai, la physionomie du continent européen avait radicalement changé : des frontières avaient disparu, des empires s’étaient effondrés, des pays nouveaux s’étaient levés. Le nouveau visage de l’Europe avait été officialisé lors des conférences de paix de 1919- 1920, mais avant cela il y avait eu de très nombreuses discussions pour savoir à quoi ressemblerait l’Europe à la fin du conflit. Dans cet exposé, nous nous proposons d’analyser la participation d’Antoine Meillet à ces discussions relatives à l’Europe nouvelle, en nous consacrant essentiellement à ses idées concernant le futur des empires multinationaux qui recouvraient une partie de l’Europe depuis plusieurs siècles déjà.
Vološinov, la philosophie du langage et le marxisme
Authors: Sériot Patrick 
Published: August 2011

Le livre de V. Vološinov Marxisme et philosophie du langage (1929), faussement attribué à M. Bakhtine, a suscité des réactions contradictoires. Un des multiples paradoxes entourant ce livre est que c’est en Occident qu’il a eu le plus de succès, vint-cinq ans avant sa republication en Russie, où il avait été totalement oublié depuis le début des années 1930. C’est l’interprétation de l’adjectif « marxiste » qui fait ici problème : massivement lu comme un livre « marxiste » dans le monde occidental, il est considéré comme un livre « anti-marxiste » dans la Russie post-soviétique. C’est tout le rapport du langage, de l’idéologie et du groupe social qui est repensé dans cet article, à la lumière d’une interrogation sur les méthodes de traduction de l’apport de l’Europe orientale à la réflexion sur le langage.
Assessing Economic Damages in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Litigation: The Commonwealth of Virginia
Authors: Zugelder Michael , Strangways Raymond , Rubin Bruce L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article presents the legal framework for computation of economic damages in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Attention is given to the case law and statutory provisions governing damages for personal injury and wrongful death actions. The categories of damages are reviewed with specific consideration given to Virginia law's limited judicial precedent, conservative tort law, and evidentiary requirements for admissibility of expert testimony to establish economic loss. Included in the discussion is an analysis of law controlling the establishment of future losses.
Impeller characterization and selection: Balancing efficient hydrodynamics with process mixing requirements
Authors: Machado Márcio B. , Nunhez José Roberto , Nobes David , Kresta Suzanne M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCurrent literature relies almost exclusively on the power number to compare and characterize impellers. Industrial mixing requirements may rely on conditions far away from the impeller. A protocol is proposed to compare impellers designed for turbulent mixing on the basis of impeller hydrodynamic performance and mixing process objectives. A hydrofoil impeller (KPC), and a mixed‐flow impeller (45° down‐pumping PBT), each at two diameters, were used to test the protocol. Fourteen measures were considered. Five are recommended for full characterization: power number, momentum number, and peak rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy to characterize conditions at the impeller; power at just‐suspended speed to compare the efficiency of solids suspension at the bottom of the tank; and point of air entrainment as a measure of turbulence penetration to the free surface. These five measures provide complete information about mixing performance and good differentiation between the impellers and geometries. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2573–2588, 2012
Retrospective study of full‐house functional endoscopic sinus surgery for revision endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Shen Ping‐Hung , Weitzel Erik Kent , Lai Jen‐Tsung , Wormald Peter‐John , Lin Chien‐Hung 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes for revision endoscopic sinus surgery (RESS) are rarely reported in relation to technique. Our goal was to document the outcome of full‐house functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) (FHF) (complete sphenoethmoidectomy with Draf IIA frontal sinusotomy) for treatment of this recalcitrant group.MethodsTwenty‐one patients with chronic sinusitis having had at least 1 previous sinus surgery (mean, 2.14) underwent FHF, followed by postoperative nasal douching and oral antibiotics for 12 weeks. After a minimum 6 months of follow‐up, patients were asked to complete a 5‐item Patient Response Score (PRS) (graded on a 6‐point scale from 1 = completely improved to 6 = much worse). Objective measures collected included computed tomography (CT) Lund MacKay score (L‐M score, LMS), and endoscopic findings: mucosal swelling (MS) and mucopus (MP) (graded on a 4‐point scale from 0 = none to 3 = severe).ResultsPatients were divided into 3 subgroups based on months of follow up from surgery: 6‐12, 12‐18, and 18‐24. There was no statistical difference in any outcome based on length of follow up. Mean symptom outcome was reported as much improved (PRS = 1.9 ± 0.1). Both mucosal swelling and mucopus improved dramatically (2.48 vs 0.29, p < 0.001; 2.52 vs 0.29, p < 0.001, respectively). LMS also improved dramatically (11.52 vs 2.1, p < 0.001). Presence of nasal polyps did not affect any subjective or objective outcome.ConclusionMarked improvements in symptoms and mucosal findings were consistently obtained with FHF between 6 and 24 months postoperatively. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Oral antifungal therapy for Fusarium‐associated chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lee Annie S. , Przybyszewski Barbara , Montone Kathleen , Lanza Donald C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundFusarium is commonly reported as an organism found in fungus‐associated chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) yet it is known to be resistant to commonly used antifungal therapies. The goals of this work are to report the incidence of Fusarium‐associated CRS in fungal cultures and to describe the treatment experience with oral antifungal agent aimed at this problem.MethodsPatients with sinus cultures obtained from 2005 through 2008 were retrospectively identified and their medical records were evaluated. Cultures were obtained in patients with recalcitrant rhinosinusitis when purulent discharge was observed. Patient response to the therapy was measured upon the basis of self reported symptom improvements and endoscopic examination.ResultsIn this 4‐year period 2,570 outpatient fungal cultures were obtained and 194 (7.5%) were positive for Fusarium. These 194 positive cultures appeared in 94 individuals. Thirty‐four tested positive multiple times. Twenty‐three (24.5%) had severe recalcitrant CRS poorly responsive to standard therapies warranting antifungal therapy aimed at Fusarium. Fifteen individuals were treated with voriconazole, 5 with posaconazole, and 3 with both at separate times. Endoscopic evidence of initial improvement on therapy was evident in 16 of 23 patients (69.6%). Of 18 patients who could comment on their experience with the antifungal treatments, nearly 90% of them reported substantial improvement with the therapy. Nine (9/23; 39.1%) were forced to discontinue oral antifungal therapy due to untoward effects.ConclusionFusarium appears in 7.55% of outpatient cultures of CRS. Of the patients testing positive for Fusarium, 25% received oral antifungal therapy. A positive response was seen in 16 of 23 (69.6%) while receiving other standard therapies. Since Fusarium is not routinely sensitive to commonly used antifungal agents, it warrants special attention. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Oral antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis and its subtypes: a systematic review
Authors: Thanasumpun Thunchai , Batra Pete S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the evidence base review was to systematically evaluate the literature to elucidate the potential role of oral antifungal therapy in management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and its subtypes.MethodsArticles for inclusion were identified by query of appropriate search terms in the PubMed database. The articles were reviewed independently by 2 authors and assigned an evidence level. The composite outcome data was reviewed to determine the impact of oral antifungals in CRS.ResultsThe search yielded 356 abstracts for review, retrieved 60 articles for full review, and incorporated 28 studies in this report. The majority of literature included level 4 (15) and level 5 (12) studies. One study met criteria for level 1 evidence. Most common disease entity studied was allergic fungal rhinosinusitis in 19 series; the most common antifungals reported were itraconazole and ketoconazole in 19 and 6 studies, respectively. Subjective parameters were assessed in 12 (42.8%) studies; overall, 64 (78%) of 82 patients reported symptom resolution or improvement. Objective parameters were reported in 6 (21.4%) studies, including improvement in endoscopic findings (3), CT imaging (3), reduction in oral steroid usage (1), and less revision surgery (2). Median length of follow‐up was 14.7 months (3–60).ConclusionThe composite data suggests a potential beneficial effect of oral itraconazole and ketoconazole in patients with CRS and its subtypes. However, majority of the studies are uncontrolled case series, confounded by nonvalidated outcome variables. Randomized controlled trials are required to better elucidate their role in CRS. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Polyethylenimine/N‐doped titanium dioxide nanoparticle based inks for ink‐jet printing applications
Authors: Loffredo F. , Grimaldi I. A. , De Girolamo Del Mauro A. , Villani F. , Bizzarro V. , Nenna G. , D'Amato R. , Minarini C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe developed and characterized inks based on dispersions of N‐doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) in polyethylenimine (PEI)/ethanol solutions with chemicophysical properties suitable for the ink‐jet printing process. In detail, we prepared suspensions by varying the concentration of the polymeric dispersant to investigate the effect of the dispersant on the time stability and printability of the ink. Moreover, we printed the N‐doped TiO2/PEI‐based inks on different substrates and studied as the substrate temperature and the printing parameters influenced the printed product quality. Furthermore, the optical properties and the morphology of the printed films were also investigated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The Thebesian valve: Gatekeeper to the coronary sinus
Authors: Katti Karuna , Patil Nikhil Prakash 
Published: August 2011

AbstractClinical cardiac procedures such as electrophysiology studies, catheter ablation of arrhythmias, retrograde cardioplegia delivery, cardiac resynchronization therapy and, more recently, percutaneous mitral annuloplasty, involve cannulation of the coronary sinus (CS). The presence of a membrane closing the orifice of the CS may cause difficulties during these interventions. Thus, detailed knowledge of the variations and anomalies of the valve of the CS, or the Thebesian valve, now has practical significance. To improve our understanding of this structure, classic anatomical dissection of 50 hearts from dissection room cadavers was performed. A Thebesian valve was present in the overwhelming majority (88%) of cases. Its morphology varied widely, from a few small strands of tissue, to a membrane covering more than half the CS ostium. A significant number (20%) of valves occluded >65% of the ostium, making them “potential complicating factors” in cannulation of the CS. An understanding of these anatomical variations may help in identifying and overcoming potential difficulties during clinical cardiac interventions. Clin. Anat. 25:379–385, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A reappraisal of the hypophysial region of the floor of the sella turcica
Authors: Hlaing Yin , Allan J.C. , Kramer Beverley 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWhile studying the detailed anatomy of the cranial sella turcica, an additional fossa in its floor, which has not previously been described, was noted. A survey for this fossa, therefore, was conducted on 205 adult crania from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons, University of the Witwatersrand. To confirm the survey observations, the sella turcica region of 10 adult cadavers was also dissected. A larger anterior depression and a smaller posterior concave fossa, often extending on to the anterior surface of the dorsum sellae, were evident in the hypophysial region and occurred in 21.5% of crania and in six of the 10 dissected specimens. An anterior depression alone or a posterior fossa alone occurred in 2.4% and in 72% of the crania, respectively, indicating that the posterior fossa occurs most commonly in this series. The more commonly occurring presence of a posterior fossa abutting on to the anterior surface of the dorsum sellae is described for the first time. Clin. Anat. 25:324–329, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuromuscular partitioning in the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis based on intramuscular nerve distribution patterns: A three‐dimensional modeling study
Authors: Ravichandiran Mayoorendra , Ravichandiran Nisanthini , Ravichandiran Kajeandra , Mckee Nancy H. , Richardson Denyse , Oliver Michele , Agur Anne M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDifferential activation of specific regions within a skeletal muscle has been linked to the presence of neuromuscular compartments. However, few studies have investigated the extra‐ or intramuscular innervation throughout the muscle volume of extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and brevis (ECRB). The aim of this study was to determine the presence of neuromuscular partitions in ECRL and ECRB based on the extra‐ and intramuscular innervation using three‐dimensional modeling. The extra‐ and intramuscular nerve distribution was digitized and reconstructed in 3D in all the muscle volumes using Autodesk Maya in seven formalin embalmed cadaveric specimens (mean age, 75.7 ± 15.2 years). The intramuscular nerve distribution was modeled in all the muscle volumes. ECRL was found to have two neuromuscular compartments, superficial and deep. One branch from the radial nerve proper was found to innervate ECRL. This branch was divided into anterior and posterior branches to the superficial and deep compartments, respectively. Five innervation patterns were identified in ECRB with partitioning of the muscle belly into two, three, or four compartments, in a proximal to distal direction depending on the number of nerve branches entering the muscle belly. The ECRL and ECRB both demonstrated neuromuscular compartmentalization based on intramuscular innervation. According to the partitioning hypothesis, a muscle may be differentially activated depending on the required function of the muscle, thus allowing multifunctional muscles to contribute to a variety of movements. Therefore, the increased number of neuromuscular partitions in ECRB when compared with ECRL could be due to the need for more differential recruitment in the ECRB depending on force requirements. Clin. Anat. 25:366–372, 2012. © 2011Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topographical anatomy of the suprascapular nerve and vessels at the suprascapular notch
Authors: Yang Hee‐Jun , Gil Young‐Chun , Jin Jeong‐Doo , Ahn Song Vogue , Lee Hye‐Yeon 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSuprascapular nerve entrapment caused by the superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) causes pain, and limitation of motion in the shoulder. To relieve these symptoms, suprascapular nerve decompression is performed through the resection of STSL. To describe and classify the topographic anatomy of the suprascapular notch, 103 cadaveric shoulders were dissected. The mean length and width of STSLs were 11.2 and 3.4 mm, respectively. The bony bridges replacing STSL in four shoulders were 8.2 mm long and 3.5 mm wide on average. The suprascapular nerve always ran through the notch under the STSL. All shoulders had a single suprascapular artery, while multiple suprascapular veins appeared in 21.3%. The arrangement of the suprascapular vessels was classified into three types: in Type I (59.4%), all suprascapular vessels ran over the STSL; in Type II (29.7%), the vessels ran over and under the STSL simultaneously; in Type III (10.9%), all vessels ran under the STSL. In 48.9% of cadavers, these types were bilaterally matched. The omohyoid muscle originated distantly from the STSL in 38.0%, was adjacent to it in 44.0%, and was partially over the STSL in 18.0%. The number of suprascapular vessels running under the STSL was positively correlated with the size of the STSL and the middle diameter of the suprascapular notch. Age was inversely correlated with the length of STSL. The STSL was wider in males than in females. This study provides details of the structural variations in the region of the suprascapular notch. Clin. Anat. 25:359–365, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.