bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue from an Induced Defect: Experiments and Application of Different Multiaxial Fatigue Approaches
Authors: Leopold Gaëlle , Nadot Yves 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
An experimental database containing multiaxial fatigue results for C35 steel with induced defects has been previously published [Billaudeau, T., Nadot, Y., and Bezine, G., “Multiaxial Fatigue Limit for Defective Materials: Mechanisms and Experiments,” Acta Mater., Vol. 52, 2004, pp. 3911–3920; Nadot, Y., and Billaudeau, T., “Multiaxial Fatigue Limit Criterion for Defective Materials,” Eng. Fract. Mech., Vol. 73, 2006, pp. 112–133; Gadouini, H., Nadot, Y., and Rebours, C., “Influence of Mean Stress on the Multiaxial Fatigue Behaviour of Defective Materials,” Int. J. Fatigue, Vol. 30, 2008, pp. 1623–1633]. Artificial defects, in a range of 100–900 μm, are introduced at the surface of fatigue samples. The database contains experimental fatigue results for different defect size and geometry, and multiaxial loading cases with different load ratios. In the present study, five models predicting the fatigue limit of materials with defects are compared. Each model is carefully presented, predictions are compared, and input data are discussed. It is shown that it is necessary to take account for the stress distribution around the defect in order to have a good prediction for a multiaxial case.
Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Hydrated Cement Paste Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy
Authors: Wu W. , Al-Ostaz A. , Gladden J. , Cheng A. H.-D. , Li G. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) experimental technique had been used successfully to measure the modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of hydrated cement paste. RUS is a modern nondestructive acoustic technique, which can be applied to determine the elastic properties of solids with high precision and great efficiency. By measuring the natural resonance frequencies for a single small parallelepiped cement paste sample with water cement ratio of 0.4, the elastic constants and, subsequently, the modulus (E) and Poisson’s ratio (v) were obtained. The results from RUS measurement, E=21.55 GPa and v=0.225, agree with the numerical modeling values.
The GH-2004 project: the response of IGF1 and type III pro-collagen to the administration of exogenous GH in non-Caucasian amateur athletes
Authors: Holt Richard I G , Erotokritou-Mulligan Ioulietta , McHugh Cathy , Bassett E Eryl , Bartlett Christiaan , Fityan Adam , Bacon Jenny L , Cowan David A , Sönksen Peter H 
Published: April 2010

ContextThe GH-2000 team proposed a method based on IGF1 and type III pro-collagen (P-III-P) to detect exogenously administered GH. As previous studies involved predominantly white European athletes, it is important to assess whether the response of these markers to recombinant human GH (rhGH) differs with ethnicity.ObjectiveTo examine the response of serum IGF1 and P-III-P and GH-2000 score to rhGH in non-Caucasian amateur athletes.DesignDouble-blind placebo-controlled rhGH administration study.SettingWellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Southampton General Hospital.SubjectsThe study included 31 male and 14 female amateur athletes of different ethnicities.InterventionThe subjects were assigned to treatment with placebo or 0.1 IU/kg per day (low dose) or 0.2 IU/kg per day (high dose) rhGH for 28 days. Blood was collected weekly during treatment and on days 35, 42 and 84 during the washout period. Serum IGF1 and P-III-P were measured, and GH-2000 score was calculated.ResultsIGF1, P-III-P and GH-2000 score rose in response to both low- and high-dose GH in both men and women. When compared with the Caucasian volunteers of the previous GH-2000 study, mean baseline and placebo-treated P-III-P and GH-2000 score were lower in GH-2004 men and women. Post-GH, however, peak IGF1 or P-III-P did not differ between studies but the peak GH-2000 score was lower in GH-2004 men. There was no difference between studies in the maximal change in IGF1, P-III-P and GH-2000 score in response to GH in either gender.ConclusionsThese data do not support a significant ethnic effect on the peak or maximal response to rhGH.
Paternal Leakage and Heteroplasmy of Mitochondrial Genomes in Silene vulgaris: Evidence From Experimental Crosses
Authors: Bentley Kerin E , Mandel Jennifer R , McCauley David E 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The inheritance of mitochondrial genetic (mtDNA) markers in the gynodioecious plant Silene vulgaris was studied using a series of controlled crosses between parents of known mtDNA genotype followed by quantitative PCR assays of offspring genotype. Overall, ∼2.5% of offspring derived from crosses between individuals that were homoplasmic for different mtDNA marker genotypes showed evidence of paternal leakage. When the source population of the pollen donor was considered, however, population-specific rates of leakage varied significantly around this value, ranging from 10.3% to zero. When leakage did occur, the paternal contribution ranged from 0.5% in some offspring (i.e., biparental inheritance resulting in a low level of heteroplasmy) to 100% in others. Crosses between mothers known to be heteroplasmic for one of the markers and homoplasmic fathers showed that once heteroplasmy enters a maternal lineage it is retained by ∼17% of offspring in the next generation, but lost from the others. The results are discussed with regard to previous studies of heteroplasmy in open-pollinated natural populations of S. vulgaris and with regard to the potential impact of mitochondrial paternal leakage and heteroplasmy on both the evolution of the mitochondrial genome and the evolution of gynodioecy.
Systematic Epistasis Analysis of the Contributions of Protein Kinase A- and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Signaling to Nutrient Limitation-Evoked Responses in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chen Raymond E , Thorner Jeremy 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Cellular responses to environmental stimuli require conserved signal transduction pathways. In budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), nutrient limitation induces morphological changes that depend on the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway and the Kss1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. It was unclear to what extent and at what level there is synergy between these two distinct signaling modalities. We took a systematic genetic approach to clarify the relationship between these inputs. We performed comprehensive epistasis analysis of mutants lacking different combinations of all relevant pathway components. We found that these two pathways contribute additively to nutrient limitation-induced haploid invasive growth. Moreover, full derepression of either pathway rendered it individually sufficient for invasive growth and thus, normally, both are required only because neither is maximally active. Furthermore, in haploids, the MAPK pathway contributes more strongly than the PKA pathway to cell elongation and adhesion, whereas nutrient limitation-induced unipolar budding is independent of both pathways. In contrast, in diploids, upon nutrient limitation the MAPK pathway regulates cell elongation, the PKA pathway regulates unipolar budding, and both regulate cell adhesion. Thus, although there are similarities between haploids and diploids, cell type-specific differences clearly alter the balance of the signaling inputs required to elicit the various nutrient limitation-evoked cellular behaviors.
A hálóbeültetés technikájának módosítása hagyományos megközelítésű combsérvműtétek esetén
Authors: Antal András , Hadjiev Janaki 
Published: April 2010

Absztrakt
Az inguinofemoralis sérvek korszerű kezelésében hazánkban is egyre nagyobb teret nyernek a hálóbeültetéses eljárások. Az implantátumok laparoscoposan vagy hagyományosan Lichtenstein szerint helyezhetők a műtéti területre. A szerzők femoralis sérvek esetén a tradicionális eljárás módosításával kívánták csökkenteni a sérvrecidíva esélyét. A háló medialis, szélesebb részét a Cooper-szalag alatti praeperitonealis térbe csúsztatták, a Lotheissen-varratokat a háló szélétől másfél centiméterre helyezték el. Így a háló és a szövetek közötti tapadás miatt a varratok esetleges kiszakadása esetén is csökken a sérv visszatérésének esélye.
Ghrelin, Nitrite and Paraoxonase/Arylesterase Concentrations in Cement Plant Workers
Authors: Aydin Suleyman , Aydin Suna , Croteau Gerry , Sahin Íbrahim , Citil Cihan 
Published: April 2010

Ghrelin, Nitrite and Paraoxonase/Arylesterase Concentrations in Cement Plant WorkersOccupational cement dust exposure has been associated with an increased risk of liver abnormalities, pulmonary disorders, and carcinogenesis. Decreased antioxidant capacity and increased plasma lipid peroxidation have been posed as possible causal mechanisms of disease. Accordingly, this study examined the serum paraoxonase (PON1) arylesterase (AE), ghrelin, HDL-C, LDL-C and serum nitrite (NOx) levels in cement dust exposed workers. Twenty-eight volunteer male cement plant workers and 30 volunteer control male workers, aged 29-54 years, participated. The concentrations of serum PON1, AE, NOx, ghrelin, and HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were measured in both groups. PON-1, AE, ghrelin and HDL-cholesterol were lower in the cement plant workers than in controls. Serum nitrite (NOx), and LDL-C levels in cement plant workers were higher (p<0.05) than in the control group workers. No correlation was observed between the serum levels of HDL-cholesterol and PON1 and between HDL-cholesterol and ghrelin. A weak negative correlation was detected between the serum ghrelin and NOx. The study results strongly suggest that HDL-paraoxonase, AE, ghrelin, HDL-C, and high NOx, and LDL-C levels may have a role in disease involving oxidative damage. However, some studies are necessary to address the association between occupational dust exposure and respiratory symptoms.
A Peculiar New Species of the Genus Ulidia (Diptera, Ulidiidae) from Middle Asia
Authors: Kameneva E. 
Published: April 2010

A Peculiar New Species of the Genus Ulidia (Diptera, Ulidiidae) from Middle Asia
Ulidia metope Kameneva, sp. n. from Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan is described. It differs from all known species of the genus Ulidia Meigen by sexually dimorphic, broadly silvery white microtrichose sides of frons and parafacials resembling that in the flies of the genus Metopia Meigen (Sarcophagidae).
Impact of land-use and land-cover change on groundwater quality in the Lower Shiwalik hills: a remote sensing and GIS based approach
Authors: Singh Sudhir , Singh Chander , Mukherjee Saumitra 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Human activities have exerted small to large scale changes on the hydrological cycle. The current scenario regarding groundwater resources suggests that globally there is a water crisis in terms of quantity (availability) and quality. Therefore there is a great need for the assessment and monitoring of quality and quantity of groundwater resources at local level. This paper presents a case study of the lower Shiwalik hills, in Rupnagar, Punjab, India, to trace land-use and land-cover changes during the past 17 years, with an emphasis on groundwater quality and quantity. This study was performed in alluvial and hilly terrain. The results show that the quantity of groundwater increased with the help of natural and artificial recharge due to change in land-use and land-cover pattern (increased area of fallow land). The quality of groundwater deteriorated due to input of fertilizers for enhancing the short-term soil fertility. Using a Remote Sensing and GIS based approach, we show the final results in map form. In particular we highlight a potential groundwater exploration site, which could be useful for district level planning. Our research shows that the change in land-use and land-cover affects the quantity and quality of groundwater.
Threshold Berg Balance Scale Scores for Gait-Aid Use in Elderly Subjects: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Stevenson Ted J. , Connelly Denise M. , Murray Judy M. , Huggett Deanna , Overend Tom 
Published: April 2010

Purpose: To determine the threshold Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores that discriminate among levels of gait-aid use in elderly subjects.Methods: A secondary analysis of data combined from two projects was performed. Both projects determined BBS performance, self-selected gait speed, and gait-aid use in samples of community-dwelling, independently ambulant individuals older than 65 years of age. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify BBS scores that optimized identification of individuals with different levels of ambulation.Results: Previously determined associations between BBS score and various indicators of ambulatory ability were reproduced with the combined data set. Threshold BBS scores were identified for ability to walk without an aid (≥49/56) and ability to walk without a four-wheeled walker (≥43/56). The percent agreement values for the identified threshold scores ranged from 51% to 87%.Conclusions: Although some threshold BBS scores could be determined, the accuracies of the scores render them of limited use for guiding gait-aid prescription in individual clients.
Scoring of the Physical Therapist Clinical Performance Instrument (PT-CPI): Analysis of 7 Years of Use
Authors: Proctor Peggy L. , Dal Bello-Haas Vanina P. , McQuarrie Arlis M. , Sheppard M. Suzanne , Scudds Rhonda J. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose: The aims of this study were to (1) describe the completion rates of the 24 performance criteria (PCs) from the Physical Therapist Clinical Performance Instrument (PT-CPI) by clinical instructors; (2) evaluate change in PC visual analogue scores (VAS) with students' clinical experience; and (3) evaluate scoring patterns over time. Methods: Final VAS scores for 208 physiotherapy (PT) students (seven cohorts) from 1,039 clinical placements between 2001 and 2008 were analyzed. Completion rates were calculated for each PC. Kruskal-Wallis tests evaluated differences in VAS scores between cohorts. Friedman's tests were used to compare VAS scores for each PC over time. Results: Completion rates were above 90% for 18 PCs. Data from the seven cohorts were combined. All PC scores showed significant change from 10 to 15 weeks and from 15 to 20 weeks of clinical experience (p≤0.001). Although differences in scores decreased over time, 19 PCs showed significant differences between 20 and 25 weeks, and 11 PCs showed significant differences between 25 and 31 weeks of clinical experience (p<0.01). Conclusions: Certain PCs had lower completion rates. The PT-CPI was used consistently by clinical instructors to evaluate student performance over time. A continual progression in acquisition of clinical competencies was illustrated by PT-CPI scoring patterns as students advanced through their PT education programme.
Outburst flood hazard for glacier-dammed Lac de Rochemelon, France
Authors: Vincent C. , Auclair S. , Meur E. Le 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSupraglacial Lac de Rochemelon was formed 50 years ago behind an ice dam and grew steadily until 2004. In October 2004, the volume of the lake reached 650 000 m3, bringing its surface within 0.2 m of the top of the ice dam. To eliminate the threat to towns located below in the event of an overflow, the lake was drained artificially in October 2004 and during the summer of 2005. Once the volume had been reduced to 250 000 m3 by siphoning, a channel was dug with explosives and the remaining water overflowed naturally. This offered a very good opportunity to investigate the breaching of an ice dam accompanied by thermal erosion of the drainage channel. Extensive field measurements were carried out during drainage. Analysis of the energy dissipated in the channel reveals that only half of the available energy was used for breach erosion. A numerical model was used to simulate the evolution of a number of variables during drainage and to study the sensitivity of discharge and ice erosion to different parameters, revealing a high sensitivity to water temperature. Model simulations indicate that natural drainage of this lake at the beginning of October 2004 would have led to a peak discharge of <6 m3 s−1.
Multi-decadal ice-velocity and elevation changes of a monsoonal maritime glacier: Hailuogou glacier, China
Authors: Zhang Yong , Fujita Koji , Liu Shiyin , Liu Qiao , Wang Xin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDigital elevation models (DEMs) of the ablation area of Hailuogou glacier, China, produced from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data obtained in 2009, differential GPS (DGPS) data surveyed in 2008 and aerial photographs acquired in 1966 and 1989 are differenced to estimate long- and short-term glacier surface elevation change (dh/dt). The mean dh/dt of the ablation area over 43 years (1966–2009) is −1.1 ± 0.4 m a−1. Since 1989 the thinning has accelerated significantly. Ice velocities measured by DGPS at 28 fixed stakes implanted in the ablation area increase with distance from the glacier terminus, ranging from 41.0 m a−1 approaching the glacier terminus to a maximum of 205.0 m a−1 at the base of an icefall. Our results reveal that the overall average ice velocity in the ablation area has undergone significant temporal variability over the past several decades. Changes in glacier surface elevation in the ablation area result from the combined effects of climate change and glacier dynamics, which are driven by different factors for different regions and periods.
“A case to which no parallel exists”: The influence of Darwin'sDifferent Forms of Flowers
Authors: Cohen James I. 
Published: April 2010

•Premise of the study:Research on the subject of heterostyly is often traced back to 1877 when Charles Darwin published the landmark bookThe Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species. This book synthesized heterostyly research at the time, much of which Darwin conducted, and it continues to be a major contribution to the study of the breeding system. In this book, Darwin discussed the ecology, morph‐specific differences, self‐ and intramorph‐incompatibility, evolution and origin, and floral development of heterostyly. Many of the hypotheses he proposed have been and continue to be tested.•Key results:Throughout the 20thand 21stcenturies, researchers have continued to identify new and different morph‐specific floral characters, discover the mechanisms that underlie heteromorphic self‐incompatibility, use phylogenies to examine the evolution of heterostyly, and determine novel floral developmental patterns in heterostylous species. From all of these studies, we have learned a great deal about the function, evolution, and development of heterostyly.•Conclusions:However, almost 150 years after Darwin's publications on the subject of heterostyly, we still have a great deal to learn concerning the breeding system, and new technologies and techniques are allowing for new advances in heterostyly research to occur.
A Change to Radiological Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Insertion: Three-Month Outcomes
Authors: Brunier Gillian , Hiller Joyce A. , Drayton Shirley , Pugash Robyn A. , Tobe Sheldon W. 
Published: April 2010

Background Best practices for peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter insertion call for timely placement of catheters to reduce complications and increase the likelihood of a successful initiation of PD. The purpose of our study was to assess if a change in approach to PD catheter insertion, including a switch to radiological insertion of PD catheters and introduction of a dialysis access nurse to coordinate all patient care, was associated with more outpatient procedures and achievement of guideline-based outcomes, including timelier PD starts. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective chart review of all patients that had their first PD catheter inserted at our center over a 7-year period ending in 2007. Results PD catheters were placed in 88 patients by interventional radiology and in 125 patients by surgical insertion during an earlier period. Insertion of PD catheters by interventional radiology was significantly associated with a higher rate of outpatient procedures (70% vs 32%, p < 0.0001) than surgical placement. At PD start, 82% of patients that underwent radiological insertions had an estimated glomerular filtration rate of over 8 mL/minute/1.73 m2 and their mean serum albumin level was 38.2 g/L. Conclusions The new procedure of radiological insertion of PD catheters, coordinated by a dedicated dialysis access nurse, was associated with more outpatient procedures than the earlier surgical method and allowed patients to receive a PD catheter with timing consistent with clinical practice recommendations.
La notion de sujet
Authors: Bertucci Marie-Madeleine 
Published: April 2010

Si la notion de sujet est contestée, elle persiste néanmoins dans le champ des sciences humaines. On abordera la question en mettant en évidence le passage de la conception cartésienne du sujet comme conscience unifiée à celle du cogito brisé de P. Ricœur. Cette rupture essentielle est à la base du principe de l’identité narrative et donne toute sa pertinence au couple sujet lecteur / sujet scripteur, notamment avec l’émergence de la réflexivité. Que cette question intéresse la didactique du français indique peut-être un déplacement de cette discipline vers le champ des sciences humaines et signalerait l’émergence d’une pratique spéculative de la littérature, à la fois style d’écriture et de pensée, participant de ce fait à l’élaboration d’un savoir théorique sur le monde, à travers des formes originales : langagières et stylistiques.
Une école, des langues... ? L'enseignement du français en milieu minoritaire en Ontario
Authors: Bélanger Nathalie 
Published: April 2010

L’école minoritaire de langue française en Ontario participe à ce que P. Bourdieu (1982) nomme « l’unification du marché linguistique » et crée, par conséquent, les conditions d’exclusion scolaire de certains groupes d’élèves dans le cadre d’un rapport de force. On verra d’abord les caractéristiques de cette école minoritaire qui valorise le français par rapport à l’anglais, en s’appuyant sur les résultats d’une recherche intitulée « Trajectoires ». Enfin, on présentera des initiatives qui commencent à voir le jour et qui mettent à mal l’idée de l’homogénéité « langue/école/nation » afin de laisser place à d’autres modes d’expression à l’école et dans la communauté.
Le discours philosophique au carrefour des genres
Authors: Temmar Malika 
Published: April 2010

Si l’on constate qu’un genre de discours ne semble pas associé, par définition, à la philosophie, de même certains énoncés, porteurs de schèmes doctrinaux, sont en quelque sorte « trans-genre », passant d’un genre à un autre au sein d’une même philosophie. L’exemple de Descartes montre comment peuvent circuler ces énoncés généralisants, détachables – par exemple, « je pense donc je suis » – sous des formes identiques ou avec des variations. Leur réitération interroge les frontières génériques ainsi que les enjeux de ces énoncés doctrinaux surgissant d’un texte à l’autre (ici Méditations métaphysiques et Discours de la méthode ) : quel est l’impact de cette réinsertion sur leur valeur de vérité et sur l’adhésion provoquée chez le lecteur ?