bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF CHEMICAL QUALITY OF SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM L.) WINE DURING FERMENTATION BY SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
Authors: TZENG DAW‐I. , CHIA YI‐CHEN , TAI CHAO‐YING , OU ANDI SHAU‐MEI 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in the contents of sugar, ethanol, organic acids, volatile compounds, pH and acidity in sugarcane wine during fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the consumer preference test was also conducted to investigate the optimal fermentation. According to the results, the maximal population of S. cerevisiae reached to 8.12 log cfu/mL at the sixth day of fermentation. The maximum ethanol content, 15.16%, was obtained at the ninth day, while the sucrose and glucose concentrations were almost exhausted at the same time. As for organic acids, citric acid was detected as the most abundant one at the second day of fermentation, followed by lactic and succinic acids. The volatile compounds were analyzed by SPME/GC‐MS, and the concentrations of alcohols, esters and acids were all highest in sugarcane wine at the sixth day of fermentation. The results have demonstrated that sugarcane wine fermentation with S. cerevisiae at the sixth day is enough to reach the highest aroma quality as indicated by the highest esters/alcohols in the wine and the most abundant amount of aroma‐related compounds. The overall preference of consumer test also supports the above result with the sugarcane wine fermented at day 6 having highest scores.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSugarcane with high content of sugar is a potential material for making vinegar through alcoholic and acetous fermentation. Because the sugarcane wine as well as sugarcane vinegar is seldom available in Taiwan or other places, it is beneficial to study how to effectively use the sugarcane other than just consumed as a kind of fresh fruit or a juice drink. The economic value of wine is highly depended on its composition changes and consumer's preference. Although there are a few reports working on the chemical compounds during fermentation of sugarcane wine, there is little concerning the consumer‐type preference parallel to the chemical analysis during fermentation. Following the identification of winemaking fermenting yeast strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, isolated from liquor rice dregs and the establishment of the fermenting condition for making sugarcane wine carried out in our previous studies, in this study, we analyzed the composition of volatile compounds in sugarcane wine and characterized the associated changes in chemical properties during fermentation. In addition, the consumer preference test was also carried out to verify the results of chemical property analysis. It is hoped the strategy of this study to be a reference prior to industry scale for manufacturing process and quality improvement of sugarcane wine and other wines.
STUDIES ON COFFEE ROASTING PROCESS BY MEANS OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: CIAMPA A. , RENZI G. , TAGLIENTI A. , SEQUI P. , VALENTINI M. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT The chemical composition of coffee has been widely investigated, focusing the attention both on main components and trace compounds. Most of these studies have been performed by using liquid and gas chromatography, eventually combined with mass spectroscometry. These techniques, although straight and effective, are time demanding due to the sample pretreatments. Here, we propose high‐resolution‐magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR‐MAS NMR), a system capable of acquiring highly resolved NMR spectra of gel‐like and suspension samples. This approach allowed us to determine the chemical composition of coarsely ground coffee beans of two varieties: Arabica and Robusta. Variation of the concentration of relevant species was monitored as a function of roasting temperature, from green beans to completely roasted. The HR‐MAS NMR tool demonstrated to be very powerful for quick chemical composition determination, opening up possibilities for novel applications of this approach in food quality control. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFood quality control needs novel and press‐button applications. High‐resolution‐magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance contains such requirements, since it can analyze suspension and gel‐like samples, providing a chemical characterization with minor, or, in most cases, no chemical and physical pretreatment operations. The application proposed here concerns the examination of relevant molecules in coffee beans as a function of the roasting temperature. This can be used for a quality check of the final product, and such approach has a general suitability, being functional for almost all foodstuff, fresh and transformed.
CHEMOMETRIC STUDIES FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF PROCESSED BRAZILIAN COFFEES USING DRIFTS
Authors: RIBEIRO JULIANO S. , SALVA TEREZINHA J. , FERREIRA MÁRCIA M.C. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT In this work, the potential of mid‐infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with Fourier transform for discrimination of 29 commercial Brazilian coffee samples with different industrial processing, i.e., caffeine extraction and roasting degree, was evaluated. The statistical treatments applied to pre‐treated spectral data were principal component analysis and partial least squares – discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). The ordered predictors selection method was used for variable selection. The chemometric analyses of the mid‐infra‐red spectra allowed inferring on the lower carbohydrate, caffeine and chlorogenic acid concentration as well as on the higher water content in the decaffeinated coffee. The technique also allowed speculation on the higher lipid and lower water content in the dark roasted coffee compared with traditional roasted coffee. A clear discrimination of decaffeinated from medium and dark roasted coffees was observed in PC1. PLS‐DA was used for the discrimination between medium and dark roasted coffees. A model with one latent variable correctly classified 100% of the external validation and prediction samples according to their roasting degree. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSDiffuse reflectance mid infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS), principal component analysis and partial least squares were successfully applied to discriminate decaffeinated coffees from nondecaffeinated coffees and to discriminate roasted coffees by their roasting degree. This study have shown that DRIFTS coupled with chemometrics consists in a simple and straightforward analytical method for monitoring the roasted coffee authenticity, and the results could help in developing an alternative and inexpensive method for quality control of coffee products.
Treatment and prognostic factors of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Authors: Giordano D. , Gradoni P. , Oretti G. , Molina E. , Ferri T. 
Published: April 2010

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2010, 35, 118–124Objective:  To discuss the prognostic factors and outcomes of treatment in patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.Design:  Retrospective observational case review.Setting:  Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the tertiary referral teaching hospital of Parma.Participants:  Ninety‐seven patients diagnosed with PTMC and surgically treated between January 1998 and December 2007.Main outcome measures:  Clinical and histopathological characteristics of the study group were identified and statistically analysed.Results:  No cancer‐related deaths were registered. Incidence of recurrent disease was 9% after a 43 month mean follow‐up (range 12–120). Univariate analysis detected that metastases in neck lymph nodes at diagnosis (p = 0.025), a tumour >5 mm in size (p = 0.011), the presence of bilateral tumoural foci (p = 0.007), the presence of capsular invasion (p = 0.001), and the presence of vascular invasion (p = 0.004) were related to recurrent disease. On multivariate analysis, the presence of bilateral tumoural foci (p = 0.030), and the presence of capsular invasion (p = 0.005) were significantly related to tumour recurrence.Conclusion:  The prognosis for patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in this series was excellent, with a 100% survival rate and minimal surgical‐related morbidity. Nevertheless, approximately 10% of patients developed recurrent disease; aggressive treatment may be justified depending on the presence or absence of prognostic risk factors.
Exploring the variation in paediatric tonsillectomy rates between English regions: a 5‐year NHS and independent sector data analysis
Authors: Suleman M. , Clark M.P.A. , Goldacre M. , Burton M. 
Published: April 2010

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2010, 35, 111–117Objectives:  Tonsillectomy rates vary between locations and socio‐economic groups and have been noted to do so since the 1930s. We aimed, first, to illustrate the current extent of variation in rates in the NHS across England and, second, to explore whether any observed geographical variation could be accounted for by combining independent sector data with standard NHS datasets.Methods:  Analysis of NHS Hospital Episode Statistics data for tonsillectomy in people aged under 15 years, from April 1 2000 to March 31 2005; addition of data from a major independent sector provider of surgery; ranking of local authority areas according to tonsillectomy rates including and excluding independent sector data.Results:  The national annual average tonsillectomy rate for the NHS was 304 per 100 000 population aged <15 (95% CI 320–324). The highest rate was 754 (95% CI 690–822) and the lowest 102 (95% CI 83–125). This seven‐fold difference cannot simply be explained by a small number of high or low ‘outliers’. When rates in the NHS were ranked and compared with the ranking of rates in the independent sector data, a Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient of 0.003 showed that there was no inverse correlation between the two rankings. That is, low NHS rates were not associated with high independent sector rates or vice versa.Conclusions:  There is currently a seven‐fold variation in tonsillectomy rates across local authority areas in England. The variation in tonsillectomy rates found in NHS data on surgical workload does not appear to be explained by the exclusion of data from the independent sector.
Randomised cross‐over study of oral appliances for snoring
Authors: Maguire J. , Steele J.G. , Gibson G.J. , Wilson J.A. , Steen N. , McCracken G.I. 
Published: April 2010

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2010, 35, 204–209Objectives:  To compare a mandibular advancement splint to a control bite raising appliance in the treatment of snoring with or without mild obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.Design:  A prospective two‐treatment randomised cross‐over clinical trial.Setting:  Single centre secondary care Dental Hospital.Participants:  Fifty‐two subjects (36 men, 16 women) diagnosed with non‐apnoeic snoring or mild obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (apnoea/hypopnoea index ≤15 events/h), were recruited from Departments of Respiratory Medicine and ENT surgery, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.Main outcome measures:  The Snoring Symptoms Inventory questionnaire (SSI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) were used to evaluate changes in symptoms. Patient reported outcomes (compliance, adverse events, splint preference) were recorded by questionnaire. Subjects attended for five study visits and used a mandibular advancement splint and a bite raising appliance at home each for 4 weeks, with a 3‐week washout period between devices.Results and conclusions:  Thirty‐eight subjects completed the study. Both the mandibular advancement splint and bite raising appliance significantly reduced the SSI compared to the baseline scores: mandibular advancement splint 5.5, P = 0.013; bite raising appliance 3.1, P = 0.005. No statistically significant difference between the two treatment periods was detected (P > 0.05). The reduction in the Epworth Sleepiness Score was: mandibular advancement splint 1.0, P = 0.02; bite raising appliance 0.3, P = 0.4. The change in the Epworth Sleepiness Score was not statistically significantly different between the mandibular advancement splint and bite raising appliance treatment periods (P > 0.05).Conclusions:  In this cohort of patients diagnosed with snoring ± mild OSA:

both the mandibular advancement splint and bite raising appliance designs of splint appeared to reduce the symptoms of snoring;
no difference in the magnitude of this effect was detected in favour of one design of splint.
The Epidemiology of Dementia Associated with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Aarsland Dag , Kurz Martin Wilhelm 
Published: April 2010

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative illness after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cognitive impairment and dementia are common features in PD and characterized by a wide range of cognitive deficits distinct from those seen in AD. Mild cognitive impairment occurs even early in PD and is associated with shorter time to dementia. The purpose of this review is to present recent findings on clinical aspects of dementia in PD and to elucidate underlying clinical and neurobiological risk factors.
Profile of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Watson G. Stennis , Leverenz James B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCognitive impairment (CI) is a common nonmotor complication of Parkinson's disease (PD), and is associated with significant disability for patients and burden for caregivers. Similar to motor symptoms, the characteristics of CI in PD can be quite variable, both in terms of what cognitive domains are impaired, and the timing of onset and rate of progression. This review will examine the profile of cognitive domain impairments observed in PD, with a focus on early CI (without dementia). We will also discuss possible relationships between specific cognitive domain impairments in PD and pathological processes such as Lewy‐related pathology and Alzheimer's disease. It is our hypothesis that the specific characteristics of CI observed in individual PD patients provide clues to the underlying pathological processes, and that understanding the biological basis of this clinical phenomenon will assist in directing disease‐specific treatments. Given the high lifetime risk for CI in PD, it is imperative that we improve our understanding and treatments for this common and disabling problem in PD.
A new whitefish from the early Quaternary of Bluefish Basin, Yukon Territory, Canada, and its paleoenvironmental implications
Authors: Cumbaa Stephen , Lauriol Bernard , Alfonso Noel , Ross Martin , Mott Robert 
Published: April 2010

A nearly complete fossil of a whitefish, Coregonus beringiaensis sp. nov. (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae: Coregoninae), the oldest known record of the genus, is described from Ch’ijee’s Bluff along the Porcupine River, Bluefish Basin, Yukon Territory. The new species is closest to but distinct from species within the Coregonus clupeaformis complex, especially in its low lateral line scale count, quadrate with an extensive canal and pore complex, Y-shaped lachrymal, and a unique combination of counts and measurements of fins, scales, and body proportions. The stratigraphic position of the source concretionary layer, at the base of unit 3, a lacustrine unit, is well below a magnetically reversed interval thought to represent at least the upper part of the Matuyama Chron. The specimen was found above ice-wedge pseudomorphs thought to be the first sign of the onset of cold temperatures in the early Quaternary. The fossil is older than 0.79 Ma and probably younger than 2.58 Ma. Palynomorphs in the concretion suggest an open shrub-tundra environment and a climate colder than that of the present, similar to conditions prevailing at or above the tree line, and a good fit for preglacial conditions in the early Quaternary. Sedimentary and geochemical analyses suggest that fossilization occurred in an environment characterized by fine sedimentation in a cold, reducing milieu with a pH of ∼7.5. Alternatively, these conditions may reflect the postdepositional or early diagenetic environment. The lake in which the whitefish lived was possibly part of a hydrographic basin draining toward the Arctic Ocean.
Altering successional trends in oak forests: 19 year experimental results of low- and moderate-intensity silvicultural treatments
Authors: Povak Nicholas A. , Lorimer Craig G. , Guries Raymond P. 
Published: April 2010

Intensive silvicultural treatments can sometimes prevent the conversion of an oak (Quercus spp.) forest to a forest composed of mesophytic competitors following harvest, but the required labor is a disincentive for many private landowners. In this study, shelterwood removal, commercial clear-cutting, understory control, and oak underplanting were conducted on mesic and dry–mesic sites in southwestern Wisconsin to evaluate the effect of these treatments on forest composition and to identify the least intensive combination needed for successful oak regeneration. Commercial clear-cutting, with or without prior herbicide spray of low vegetation and oak underplanting, resulted in nearly complete dominance by a wide array of non-oak species on both mesic and dry–mesic sites. In contrast, 153–903 ha–1of the oaks that were underplanted on shelterwood – understory removal plots successfully achieved dominant or codominant status by age 19. Control of tall understory saplings was essential for successful oak regeneration on both sites. On the mesic site, oak underplanting was an additional necessary treatment, whereas natural regeneration was adequate in shelterwood plots on the dry–mesic site. The study suggests that successful oak regeneration can be obtained on productive sites in this region after a single application of a moderately intense silvicultural treatment, although the effort required for understory control may still be an obstacle to widespread application without external incentives.
Clonal structure and diversity of Cryptomeria japonica along a slope in a cool-temperate, old-growth mixed forest in the snowy region of Japan
Authors: Hirayama Kimiko , Sakimoto Michinori 
Published: April 2010

To clarify patterns of clonal growth along a slope for Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don, which can regenerate by layering resulting from snow pressure, we analyzed the spatial genetic structure with respect to slope position and in relation to stem size in a cool-temperate, old-growth mixed forest in the snowy region of Japan. For the genetic analysis, five polymorphic microsatellite markers developed for C. japonica were used. Spatial autocorrelation analyses revealed a significant positive association of ramets (trees) with the same genotype as the result of clonal growth at around <6 m regardless of slope position for understory trees (≥50 cm stem length and <10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH)). This clonal patch size almost corresponded to the clustering scale for overstory trees (≥10 cm DBH) belonging to the same genet. For understory trees in three subplots established along a slope, the size distribution of ramets within a clone (genet) followed an inverse J-shaped distribution without small ramets being distributed peripherally. These results suggest that each clone of C. japonica is maintained continuously in a relatively restricted area where it establishes, regardless of slope position, which could contribute to the high clonal and genetic diversity of C. japonica in this forest.
The Co-location of YP4 and Centrelink in Bendigo, Australia
Authors: Grace Marty , Coventry Louise 
Published: April 2010

• Summary: One expression of partnership between two organizations is the sharing of office space, often known as co-location. In early 2006, case managers employed by Loddon Mallee Housing Services (LMHS), a community-based organization in the regional city of Bendigo, Australia, co-located with the Bendigo office of Centrelink, the Australian government’s statutory income support agency. This article explores Centrelink and LMHS staff and management expectations of co-location as well as the reality of co-location as experienced by the staff involved. It is based on interviews conducted with staff and managers before co-location occurred and again six months thereafter. • Findings: Co-location is a powerful strategy for strengthening inter-agency relationships. The Bendigo example of service co-location provides confirmation of the benefits of co-location suggested in previous literature, including greater respect and trust between professionals from different backgrounds and with different status; informal information exchange, learning and sharing; enhanced feelings of teamwork and belonging; improved morale among staff; and enhanced communication, learning and understanding of roles. • Application: This study found that key issues requiring attention by organizations contemplating co-location include building on pre-existing trust and goodwill; thorough planning, taking into account the potential impact of co-location on third parties as well as client and organizational priorities; attending to logistical details, taking particular account of timelines for connection of telephones and internet access; consulting widely and including all relevant stakeholders in decision-making processes; promoting flexible attitudes and openness to change among affected staff; and seeking to acknowledge and contain rather than remove differences in organizational culture and practice. Compatibility, rather than sameness, should be the goal.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric syn-Selective Direct Aldol Reaction in Ionic Liquid
Authors: Yong Fui-Fong , Poh Chai-Yun , Chua Guan-Leong , Teo Yong-Chua 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A practical and recyclable organocatalytic strategy is developed to provide syn-selective aldol products in ionic liquid. The siloxy serine organocatalyst mediates the direct aldol reaction of TBSO-protected hydroxyacetone with a variety of aldehyde to provide the β-hydroxycarbonyl scaffolds in good yields and enantioselectivities up to 94%.
Preparation of Hybrid Ordered Inorganic–Organic Mesostructures from an Asymmetrically Bridged Organic Precursor Containing Both Silanolate and Phosphonate
Authors: Otsu Masato , Yamazaki Tsutomu , Sasaki Yukichi , Maeda Kazuyuki 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Novel hybrid inorganic–organic mesostructures were hydrothermally prepared from pseudo-boehmite and an organic precursor containing both silanolate and phosphonate groups in the presence of cationic surfactants. The solid-state NMR revealed that aluminum species are mainly connected with phosphonate groups in the formed 2D hexagonal mesostructures.
Reverse Micellar Synthesis of Dye/Gold Hybrid Nanocomposites
Authors: Takahashi Masaki , Ohno Shuhei , Fujita Norifumi , Sengoku Tetsuya , Yoda Hidemi 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Complexation of a light-harvesting dye with hydrogen tetrachloroaurate led to spontaneous formation of gold nanoparticles within self-assembled reverse micellar aggregates, which generated stabilized dye/gold hybrid nanocomposites.
An Aryne Route to Cytosporone B and Phomopsin C
Authors: Yoshida Hiroto , Morishita Takami , Ohshita Joji 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The octaketide cytosporone B has been synthesized in six steps using 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene as a starting material via aryne insertion reaction into a carbon–carbon σ-bond.
Linear inverse problems for parabolic and hyperbolic equations
Authors: Kozhanov Aleksandr Ivanovich , Safiullova Regina Rifkhatovna 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We study solvability of the parabolic and hyperbolic inverse problems of finding a solution together with an unknown right-hand side when the general overdetermination condition is given (the cases of final and integral overdetermination are inclusively). Some theorems of unique existence of regular solutions are proved.