bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable energy transformations in India under climate policy
Authors: Shukla Priyadarshi R. , Chaturvedi Vaibhav 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe paper uses an integrated assessment model, GCAM, to analyze two emission stabilization approaches for India – a conventional approach relying on carbon price to typically influence fuel switch and carbon capture and storage responses, and a sustainability approach that aims to conserve resources and deliver multiple dividends. An important feature of the sustainability approach is the focus on national policies to push solar and wind technologies. The paper concludes that sustainability push at a global level for renewable energy technologies is essential together with coordinated national policies and actions, if the 2 °C target is to be achieved with lower global welfare losses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Building Personal and Professional Resources of Resilience and Agility in the Healthcare Workplace
Authors: Pipe Teresa Britt , Buchda Vicki L. , Launder Susan , Hudak Barb , Hulvey Lynne , Karns Katherine E. , Pendergast Debra 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article describes the rationale, implementation and results of a pilot study evaluating the personal and organizational impact of an educational intervention on the stress of health team members. The compelling imperative for the project was to find a positive and effective way to address the documented stress levels of healthcare workers.Pilot study of oncology staff (n = 29) and healthcare leaders (n = 15) exploring the impact of a positive coping approach on Personal and Organizational Quality Assessment‐Revised (POQA‐R) scores at baseline and 7 months using paired t‐tests.Personal and organizational indicators of stress decreased in the expected directions in both groups over the time intervals. The majority of POQA‐R categories were statistically significantly improved in the oncology staff, and many of the categories were statistically significantly improved in the leadership group.The findings from this project demonstrate that stress and its symptoms are problematic issues for hospital and ambulatory clinic staff as evidenced by baseline measures of distress. Further, a workplace intervention was feasible and effective in promoting positive strategies for coping and enhancing well‐being, personally and organizationally. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When do strategic alliances inhibit innovation by firms? Evidence from patent pools in the global optical disc industry
Authors: Joshi Amol M. , Nerkar Atul 
Published: March 2011

AbstractResearch and development (R&D) consortia are specialized strategic alliances that shape the direction and scope of firm innovation activities. Little research exists on the performance consequences of participating in R&D consortia. We study the effect of patent pools, a unique form of R&D consortia, on firm performance in innovation. While prior research on alliances generally implies that patent pools enhance firm innovation, our study finds the opposite. Analyzing data on systemic innovation in the global optical disc industry, we find that patent pool formation substantially and significantly decreases both the quantity and quality of patents subsequently generated by licensors and licensees relative to the patenting activity of nonparticipants. Our empirical findings suggest that patent pools actually inhibit, rather than enhance, systemic innovation by participating firms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wear Protection by Fe‐B‐C Hard Phases
Authors: Berns Hans , Saltykova Anastasia , Röttger Arne , Heger Dietrich 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFour as‐cast iron alloys with (mass%) 1B + 3C, 2B + 2C, 3B + 1C and 4B + 1C were investigated in respect to their microstructure by optical and scanning electron microscopy with EDX and ESBD and by microprobe analysis. The microhardness of eutectic Fe3(C,B) increased with the B/C ratio and raised the resistance to scratching by Flint particles. The low melting range of the castings was used for the powder metallurgical production of a metal matrix composite by liquid phase sintering of admixed hard particles in an Fe‐B‐C base material. Abrasive wear tests showed that the eutectic carborides in the base material raised the wear resistance even more than the admixed particles.
Relationship between SLC6A3 genotype and striatal dopamine transporter availability: A meta‐analysis of human single photon emission computed tomography studies
Authors: Costa Anna , Riedel Michael , Müller Ulrich , Möller Hans‐Jürge , Ettinger Ulrich 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe human dopamine transporter (DAT) gene (SLC6A3) contains a 40‐bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism. A number of studies have investigated the association of this VNTR with striatal DAT availability in humans using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). However, the results are not consistent. Therefore, we carried out a meta‐analysis of the association between the SLC6A3 VNTR and striatal DAT binding measured in human SPECT studies. The meta‐analysis of five samples of healthy individuals failed to find a significant difference in DAT availability between SLC6A3 9‐repeat carriers and 10‐repeat homozygotes (P = 0.22) although the 9R carriers had nominally higher striatal DAT levels (g = 0.66). The results remained nonsignificant after the inclusion of patient samples, namely schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Parkinson's disease (four samples; all P > 0.18). To conclude, this meta‐analysis provides no evidence to support the hypothesis that the SLC6A3 VNTR is significantly associated with interindividual differences in DAT availability in the human striatum. Further work is needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms by which this polymorphism may affect cognition and psychiatric disorders, if not through altered expression as measured by molecular imaging. Synapse, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Downregulation of gephyrin in temporal lobe epilepsy neurons in humans and a rat model
Authors: Fang Min , Shen Lan , Yin Huan , Pan Yu‐Min , Wang Liang , Chen Dan , Xi Zhi‐Qin , Xiao Zheng , Wang Xue‐Feng , Zhou Sheng‐Nian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGephyrin, which is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein participated in clustering GABAA receptors at inhibitory synapses, has been reported to be involved in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) recently. Here, we investigate gephyrin protein expression in the temporal lobe epileptic foci in epileptic patients and experimental animals in order to explore the probable relationship between gephyrin expression and TLE. Using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis, gephyrin expression was examined in 30 human temporal neocortex samples from patients who underwent surgery to treat drug‐refractory TLE and 10 histological normal temporal neocortex from the controls. Meanwhile, we investigated the gephyrin expression in the hippocampus and adjacent neocortex from experimental rats on 24 h, 48 h, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months postseizure and from control rats. Gephyrin protein was mainly expressed in the membrane and cytoplasm of neurons in temporal lobe epileptic foci in humans and experimental rats. Gephyrin expression was significantly lower in the temporal neocortex of TLE patients compared to the controls. In experimental rats, the expression of gephyrin in temporal lobe was downregulated in epileptic groups compared to the control group. Gephyrin expression gradually decreased during the acute period and the latent period, but then began to increase below the levels seen in controls during the chronic phase. Our findings suggest that gephyrin may be involved in the development of TLE. Synapse, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of lateral displacement sensor for real‐time detection of structural damage
Authors: Matsuya Iwao , Tomishi Ryota , Sato Maya , Kanekawa Kiyoshi , Nitta Yoshihiro , Takahashi Motoichi , Miura Satoru , Suzuki Yasutsugu , Hatada Tomohiko , Katamura Ryuta , Tanii Takashi , Shoji Shuichi , Nishitani Akira , Ohdomari Iwao 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe have developed a novel sensor that enables us to measure the relative story displacement of a building structure in real time. This lateral displacement sensor (LDS) is composed of a light‐emitting diode (LED) array, which is fixed on the ceiling, and a position‐sensitive detector (PSD) unit, which is placed on the floor. We optimized the LDS to achieve high accuracy in lateral displacement measurement. The accuracy was evaluated to be 60 µm by conducting shaking table tests. Two LDSs were implemented in an actual building equipped with an active variable stiffness (AVS) system, and the building was vibrated with seismic waveforms by an exciter placed on the rooftop. The seismic displacement of the second floor relative to the first floor was measured using the LDS. Furthermore, the inclination angle of the second floor could be measured using the LDS during the seismic vibration. Using the AVS system, we realized the residual displacement of the second floor without inducing damage to the building, and succeeded in real‐time residual displacement measurement for the first time. These results indicate that the LDS is useful for the health diagnosis of a building structure. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Real‐time word lip reading system based on trajectory feature
Authors: Saitoh Takeshi , Konishi Ryosuke 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper describes a real‐time word lip reading system. Although our system is based on a word lip reading method already proposed, this system adapts to the user facial movements that cannot be avoided in a real‐time process. With nine subjects, we obtained an average recognition rate of 89% for 14 Japanese words. Moreover, we carried out additional experiments with the system under various conditions, and verified the robustness and usefulness of our system. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pattern classification using functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Samuel Schwarzkopf Dietrich , Rees Geraint 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOver the past decade, pattern classification methods have become widespread in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). These methods, typically referred to as multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) or multivariate pattern decoding, are now applied to a wide range of neuroscientific questions. There has been particular interest in applying these approaches, e.g., in detecting deception or for diagnostic purposes. In this review, we will focus on what can be achieved by pattern classification analyses of fMRI data; the strengths and weaknesses of this approach; and the biological processes giving rise to the signals measured by this method. Finally, we will discuss how these multivariate approaches are starting to be applied to the analysis of anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data. WIREs Cogni Sci 2011 2 568–579 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.141This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Cognition
Single‐molecule direct RNA sequencing without cDNA synthesis
Authors: Ozsolak Fatih , Milos Patrice M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMethods for in‐depth genome‐wide characterization of transcriptomes and quantification of transcript levels using various microarray and next‐generation sequencing technologies have emerged as valuable tools for understanding cellular physiology and human disease biology and have begun to be utilized in various clinical diagnostic applications. Current methods, however, typically require RNA to be converted to complementary DNA prior to measurements. This step has been shown to introduce many biases and artifacts. In order to best characterize the ‘true’ transcriptome, the single‐molecule direct RNA sequencing (DRS) technology was developed. This review focuses on the underlying principles behind the DRS, sample preparation steps, and the current and novel avenues of research and applications DRS offers. WIREs RNA 2011 2 565–570 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.84This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > 3' End Processing
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses In Vitro and In Silico
The reproductive endocrinology and behavior of Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis)
Authors: Keeley T. , Goodrowe K.L. , Graham L. , Howell C. , MacDonald S.E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis; VIM) is one of North America's most endangered species with fewer than 150 individuals remaining in the wild. A captive breeding program was established across four facilities in Canada as an insurance population and source of animals for reintroduction to the wild. The purpose of this study was to gather information about the basic reproductive biology and behavior of this species, which is essential to improve captive breeding programs. Regular fecal samples were obtained from adult female (n = 14) and male (n = 10) marmots, 2 years of age and older, over 1–3 breeding seasons (2–3 months duration posthibernation) for steroid hormone analysis. Enzyme immunoassays were validated for quantifying fecal testosterone metabolite concentrations for males, and fecal estrogen and progesterone metabolite concentrations for females. Results indicated that fecal progesterone metabolite concentrations can be used to monitor ovulation and pregnancy. Behavioral monitoring through infrared video surveillance was conducted in four breeding pairs over a 2‐year period (n = 7 behavioral profiles). Breeding behaviors correlated strongly with changes in reproductive endocrine profiles. A high frequency of play behavior or “wrestling” was observed in conjunction with breeding activity before an elevation in progesterone metabolite concentrations. Impending parturition was associated with increased aggression and exclusion of the male from the maternal nestbox as well as an increase in nesting activity. Observational data combined with hormonal analysis suggest that female VIMs are induced ovulators and that multiple breeding attempts may be required for ovulation and conception. Gestation appears to be approximately 34 days from peak breeding activity (32 days from estimated ovulation). Fecal testosterone concentrations suggest that testicular activity is seasonal with the reproductive activity occurring immediately posthibernation. Monitoring breeding behavior is a useful means of indicating estrus, conception and pregnancy, which can also be supported by the hormonal analysis of daily fecal samples of individual animals. Zoo Biol 31:275–290, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Information gain of black-box testing
Authors: Yang Linmin , Dang Zhe , Fischer Thomas R. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
For model-based black-box testing, test cases are often selected from the syntactic appearance of the specification of the system under test, according to a pre-given test data adequacy criterion. We introduce a novel approach that is semantics-based, independent of the syntactic appearance of the system specification. Basically, we model the system under test as a random variable, whose sample space consists of all possible behavior sets (with respect to the specification) over the known interface of the black-box. The entropy of the system is measured as the (Shannon) entropy of the random variable. In our criterion, the coverage of a test set is measured as the expected amount of entropy decrease (i.e. the expected amount of information gained) once the test set is run. Since our criterion is syntactic independent, we study the notion of information-optimal software testing where, within a given constraint, a test set is selected to gain the most information.
Integrating Cultural Community Psychology: Activity Settings and the Shared Meanings of Intersubjectivity
Authors: O'Donnell Clifford R. , Tharp Roland G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCultural and community psychology share a common emphasis on context, yet their leading journals rarely cite each other's articles. Greater integration of the concepts of culture and community within and across their disciplines would enrich and facilitate the viability of cultural community psychology. The contextual theory of activity settings is proposed as one means to integrate the concepts of culture and community in cultural community psychology. Through shared activities, participants develop common experiences that affect their psychological being, including their cognitions, emotions, and behavioral development. The psychological result of these experiences is intersubjectivity. Culture is defined as the shared meanings that people develop through their common historic, linguistic, social, economic, and political experiences. The shared meanings of culture arise through the intersubjectivity developed in activity settings. Cultural community psychology presents formidable epistemological challenges, but overcoming these challenges could contribute to the transformation and advancement of community psychology.
Assessment of the potential of a boron–fructose additive in counteracting the toxic effect of Fusarium mycotoxins
Authors: Taranu Ionelia , Marin Daniela E. , Manda Gina , Motiu Monica , Neagoe Ionela , Tabuc Cristina , Stancu Mariana , Olteanu Margareta 
Published: March 2011

Trichotecenes are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium sp., which may contaminate animal feeds and human food. A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of a fusarotoxin-contaminated diet, and to explore the counteracting potential of a calcium fructoborate (CFrB) additive on performance, typical health biochemistry parameters and immune response in weaned pigs. A naturally contaminated maize, containing low doses of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins and T-2/HT-2 toxins (1790, 20, 0·6 and 90 parts per billion), was included in a maize–soyabean meal diet, and given ad libitum to eight weaned piglets (two groups: four pigs/group) for a period of 24 d. CFrB was administered to one of the contaminated groups and to another four piglets as a daily supplement, following the manufacturer's recommendation. A decrease in performance was observed in contaminated animals at this concentration of feed toxins, which was ameliorated by the dietary CFrB supplementation. Fusarium toxins also altered the pig immune response by increasing (P < 0·05) the ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation (111·7 % in comparison with control), the respiratory burst of porcine granulocytes (15·4 % for responsive cells v. 5·1 % for unstimulated cells and 70·95 v. 22·65 % for stimulated cells, respectively), the percentage of peripheral T, CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ subsets and the synthesis of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 (123·8, 217·1 and 255·1 %, respectively). The diet containing the CFrB additive reduced these exacerbated cellular immune responses induced by Fusarium toxins. However, consumption of CFrB did not counteract the effect of mycotoxins on biochemistry parameters, and increased plasma IgM and IgG of contaminated pigs.
Infrapopulations ofSclerocollum saudiiAl-Jahdali, 2010 (Acanthocephala: Cavisomidae) in the rabbitfishSiganus rivulatus(Teleostei, Siganidae) from the Saudi coast of the Red Sea
Authors: Al-Jahdali M.O. , El-Said Hassanine R.M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn infrapopulations of helminth parasites, density-dependent effects, through some form of intra- and interspecific competition, play an important role in shaping and regulating the infrapopulations. The mechanisms responsible for these processes have often been observed in laboratory studies and rarely studied under natural conditions. Here, 24 natural infrapopulations (77–447 individuals) of the acanthocephalanSclerocollum saudiiAl-Jahdali, 2010 from the fishSiganus rivulatusconsisted of cystacanths, newly excysted juveniles, immature and mature worms, distributed in a well-defined fundamental niche (anterior 60% of the intestine). Each of these stages exhibited a significantly different longitudinal distribution within this niche. In small infrapopulations, cystacanths and newly excysted juveniles were found in the sixth 10% of the intestine, immature worms in the fifth 10% and mature worms in the anterior 40% of the intestine. However, their proportions followed a clear ascending order in each infrapopulation, and the female–male ratios of both immature and mature worms were distinctly female-biased. In large infrapopulations, mature worms existed partially in the site of immature ones, where a differential mortality among immature females was constantly observed. However, the proportions of immature worms increased significantly and those of mature worms decreased significantly, the mean lengths of immature and mature females decreased dramatically and the female–male ratios were distinctly male-biased. The mean sizes of immature and mature males seemed stable through all infrapopulations. The distribution of mature males and females suggests intense male–male competition for access to females, and reveals that larger females are copulated prior to the smaller ones. The results are statistically significant and suggest that infrapopulation self-regulation is through density-dependent mechanisms, in which immature females may play a key role.
XI. Yasna XXXII, 1–8, in its Indian Equivalent
Authors: Mills Lawrence 
Published: March 2011

1. asyaca** (asmākam ṛtupateḥ(-s)) svaituḥ(-ur) yāsat((-d), abhi-(-y-)-ā yacchāt, kila, (-ā-) asurāt prārthayāṅ ime ye ('sya) asya vṛjane nivasanti(-āntai)) smad aryam(a)nā; (b) -asya(?), (haye) devāḥ, (kila, haye yūyaṃ, deva-pūjakāḥ (-ā)); madīye, mama, māne, manasi (-y evam) asurasya maitryam (abhi-vṛtam, abhi vriyate, hṛdayabhakti maitryaṃ) sumedhasaḥ(-o) (mahādhaḥ(-s));—(c) tava (asura, tvadīyāḥ (-ā)) dūtāsah(-o'sa-) asāma; tāṅ (dūre-) dhārayaḥ(-o) ye vaḥ(-o) dviṣanti(-āntai).
The Gāndhāra grāma
Authors: Strangways A. H. Fox 
Published: March 2011

PRAVARTATE svargaloke grāmo 'sau na mahītale. That scale exists in heaven, not on earth.It was this sentence in the Sañgītadarpaṇa (i, 72) that determined me thirty years ago to visit India. Not that I hoped exactly to solve the problem, but the music must be interesting, I thought, which had learnt so much that it had quite forgotten.
Brahui et Tsigane
Authors: Bloch Jules 
Published: March 2011

Si l'on ignorait que le brahui est une langue dravidienne, ce n'est pas la conjugaison du present verbal qui le révélerait. En voici les désinences (Bray, §§ 202–3):—Qu'il suffise de mettre en regard le paradigme des langues qui lui sont le plus proches, le gondi (prétérit, d'après Ch. Trench, Gr. of Gondi, p. 15):et le kurukh (d'après A. Grignard, Gr. of the Oraon language, pp. 68–9):pour se rendre compte que, sauf aux 2e et 3e personnes du pluriel, le système est différent.
Uniform sets and super-stationary sets over general alphabets
Authors: KAMAE TETURO 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUniform sets and super-stationary sets over the binary alphabet have been extensively studied. In this paper, they are generalized to general alphabets. We generalize the fact that any uniform set contains a super-stationary set so that any uniform complexity is realized by a super-stationary set. This gives a formula to calculate the uniform complexity functions. We also give characterizations of the class of super-stationary sets in general settings in two somewhat different ways than in the binary case. Super-stationary sets are considered as phenomena which are independent of the time scale, but sensitive only to the direction of time, or dependent just on the order of events in time series. Hence, characterizations of super-stationary sets give insights into what is time, what looks like a history without a description of time duration, or what remains meaningful after we lose the quantitative sense of time.