bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative AP‐1 gene regulation by oxidative stress in the human retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Chaum Edward , Yin Jinggang , Yang Huaitao , Thomas Fridtjof , Lang John C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to characterize the early molecular responses to quantified levels of oxidative stress (OS) in the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Confluent ARPE‐19 cells were cultured for 3 days in defined medium to stabilize gene expression. The cells were exposed to varying levels of OS (0–500 µM H2O2) for 1–8 h and gene expression was followed for up to 24‐h after OS. Using real‐time qPCR, we quantified the expression of immediate early genes from the AP‐1 transcription factor family and other genes involved in regulating the redox status of the cells. Significant and quantitative changes were seen in the expression of six AP‐1 transcription factor genes, FosB, c‐Fos, Fra‐1, c‐Jun, JunB, and ATF3 from 1–8 h following OS. The peak level of induced transcription from OS varied from 2‐ to 128‐fold over the first 4 h, depending on the gene and magnitude of OS. Increased transcription at higher levels of OS was also seen for up to 8‐h for some of these genes. Protein translation was examined for 24‐h following OS using Western blotting methods, and compared to the qPCR responses. We identified six AP‐1 family genes that demonstrate quantitative upregulation of expression in response to OS. Two distinct types of quantifiable OS‐specific responses were observed; dose‐dependent responses, and threshold responses. Our studies show that different levels of OS can regulate the expression of AP‐1 transcription factors quantitatively in the human RPE in vitro. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 1280–1291, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purification and characterization of a motility initiating protein from caprine epididymal plasma
Authors: Jaiswal Bijay Shankar , Das Kaushik , Saha Sudipta , Dungdung Sandhya Rekha , Majumder Gopal C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNumerous reports have appeared on the occurrence of undefined protein factors in male reproductive fluids that promote motility of mature sperm and initiate forward motility in the immature (immotile) caput‐epididymal sperm. This study reports for the first time purification to apparent homogeneity of a motility initiating protein (MIP) from epididymal plasma and its characterization using the caprine sperm model. It is a 125 kDa (approximately) dimeric protein made up of two subunits: 70 and 54 kDa. MIP is an acidic protein with an isoelectric point of 4.75. The motility protein at 30 µg/ml (240 nM) level showed nearly maximal motility‐promoting activity. MIP is heat stable and it is maximally active at pH 8. It is a glycoprotein that binds with high affinity to concanavalin A and it contains mannose, galactose, and N‐acetyl glucosamine approximately in the ratios of 6:1:6. It is sensitive to the actions of α‐mannosidase and β‐N‐acetylglucoseaminidase thereby demonstrating that the sugar side chain of the glycoprotein is essential for its biological activity. Epididymal plasma is its richest source. It is also capable of enhancing forward motility of mature cauda‐sperm. Its antibody markedly inhibits sperm motility. MIP antibody is highly immunospecific and it recognizes both the subunits. MIP causes significant increase of the intrasperm level of cyclic AMP. MIP: the physiological motility‐activating protein has potential for use as a contraceptive vaccine and for solving some of the problems of human infertility and animal breeding. J. Cell. Physiol. 222:254–263, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancing the relevance of palaeoclimate model/data comparisons for assessments of future climate change
Authors: Schmidt Gavin A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractI discuss the role of model/data comparisons for past climate changes and use of such comparisons for enhancing credibility in future projections. I outline a framework in which data synthesis combined with suitable modelling targets should be able to reduce uncertainty in both. By focusing on areas that the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment report (IPCC AR4) highlighted as being particularly uncertain in future projections, or where current models produce a very wide range of responses, the relevance of palaeoclimate data could be greatly enhanced. Specific targets include: the long‐term behaviour of El Niño events and the potential response to volcanic and solar forcing; the variability of subtropical rainfall and the extent of the Hadley Circulation and their response to orbital and high‐latitude forcing; ice sheet responses on sub‐millennial timescales; multidecadal changes in the North Atlantic ocean circulation and, certainly, overall climate sensitivity. In each case, I highlight data synthesis steps and modelling approaches necessary for reducing the uncertainty. In particular, I stress the need for coordinated model simulation archives that are conformal to those used in simulations of the 20th century and beyond and the consistency of models used for past and future climate simulations. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic characterisation and correlation of a Younger Dryas tephra in North Atlantic marine sediments
Authors: Peters Clare , Austin William E. N. , Walden John , Hibbert Fiona D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA technique for identifying non‐visible basaltic tephra‐rich horizons of Younger Dryas (YD)/Greenland Stadial (GS) 1 age in northeast Atlantic sediments using rapid, non‐destructive magnetic measurements is presented. Three high‐resolution marine sediment cores have been studied in an E–W transect across the Hebridean margin: St Kilda Basin (MD95‐2007), Barra Fan (MD95‐2006) and Rockall Trough (MD04‐2822). Magnetic susceptibilities and remanent magnetisations were measured at contiguous 1 cm resolution on bulk sediments. In all three cores, an interval with higher proportions of hard magnetic minerals coincides with a clearly defined peak in basaltic tephra shard (>250 µm) counts, which can be constrained to the early part of the YD/GS1 based on faunal climate proxies. Electron microprobe analyses of the magnetically distinct basaltic tephra interval, in all three cores, displays the same major element geochemistry as published for the Vedde basaltic (I Tab. 1), i.e. sourced from the Icelandic volcano Katla. The identification of transitional alkalic basaltic tephras within marine sediments could potentially be facilitated by magnetic analysis as a useful chronostratigraphic screening tool. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectra of the layered monofluorophosphate (V), NH4Ag3(PO3F)2
Authors: Baran Enrique J. , Weil Matthias 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe powder Fourier‐transform (FT) infrared (IR) and Raman spectra of the recently characterized NH4Ag3(PO3F)2 were recorded and are discussed with a site‐symmetry analysis based on its known structural data. Some comparisons are made with the solution spectra of the PO3F2− anion and with those of crystalline Ag2PO3F. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cerebrospinal tau, phospho‐tau, and beta‐amyloid and neuropsychological functions in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Compta Yaroslau , Martí María J. , Ibarretxe‐Bilbao Naroa , Junqué Carme , Valldeoriola Francesc , Muñoz Esteban , Ezquerra Mario , Ríos Jose , Tolosa Eduardo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD)‐pathology may play a role in Parkinson's disease (PD)‐related dementia (PDD). The aim of this study was to assess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of tau, phospho‐tau, and beta‐amyloid, proposed AD biomarkers, and their relationship with cognitive function in PD. Forty PD patients [20 nondemented (PDND); 20 PDD] and 30 controls underwent CSF tau, phospho‐tau, and beta‐amyloid analysis using specific ELISA techniques. All PD patients and 15 controls underwent neuropsychological testing of fronto‐subcortical (attention, fluency) and neocortical (memory, naming, visuoperceptive) functions. CSF markers levels were compared between groups, and compared and correlated with neuropsychological measures in PDND and PDD separately and as a continuum (PD). CSF tau and phospho‐tau were higher in PDD than in PDND and controls (P < 0.05). CSF beta‐amyloid ranged from high (controls) to intermediate (PDND) and low (PDD) levels (P < 0.001). In all PD and PDD patients, high CSF tau and phospho‐tau were associated with impaired memory and naming. In PDND, CSF beta‐amyloid was related with phonetic fluency. These findings suggest underlying AD‐pathology in PDD in association with cortical cognitive dysfunction, and that low CSF beta‐amyloid in PDND patients with impaired phonetic fluency can constitute an early marker of cognitive dysfunction. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Combined use of DAT‐SPECT and cardiac MIBG scintigraphy in mixed tremors
Authors: Novellino Fabiana , Arabia Gennarina , Bagnato Antonio , Cascini Giuseppe Lucio , Salsone Maria , Nicoletti Giuseppe , Messina Demetrio , Morelli Maurizio , Paglionico Sandra , Giofrè Laura , Restuccia Antonino , Torchia Giusi , Condino Francesca , Quattrone Aldo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe cooccurrence of rest and postural tremor (mixed tremor) as the predominant clinical manifestation in patients who do not fulfill diagnostic established criteria for essential tremor (ET) or Parkinson's disease (PD) poses a clinical diagnostic challenge. Twenty‐two patients with mixed tremor and additional mild extrapyramidal features, such as bradykinesia and rigidity, 20 patients with probable PD, 10 patients with probable ET, and 18 controls were investigated through the combined use of dopamine transporter 123I‐FP‐CIT‐single‐photon emission tomography (DAT‐SPECT) and cardiac 123metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIGB) scintigraphy. Six of the 22 mixed‐tremor patients had normal DAT‐SPECT, a condition usually found in patients with ET, whereas 16 patients showed damage to the nigrostriatal system. Cardiac MIBG allowed further differentiation between these 16 patients because eight of them had decreased tracer uptakes (heart/mediastinum [H/M] ratio in delayed image, H/M ratio delayed: 1.16 ± 0.11, P < 0.001 vs controls), indicating a PD, whereas the remaining eight had normal cardiac tracer uptakes, a finding suggestive of a parkinsonian syndrome (H/M ratio delayed: 1.90 ± 0.13). Both DAT‐SPECT and cardiac MIBG scintigraphies were abnormal in the 20 patients with probable PD, whereas these were normal in both the patients with probable ET as well as in the controls. Our study suggests that the combined use of both DAT‐SPECT and MIBG scintigraphy in mixed tremors with additional extrapyramidal features can help distinguish patients with ET from those with PD and parkinsonism. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Isolated head tremor: Part of the clinical spectrum of essential tremor? Data from population‐based and clinic‐based case samples
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Dogu Okan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractEssential tremor (ET) still remains a clinical diagnosis. Nonetheless, it is misdiagnosed in 30 to 50% of cases. There are a number of areas of diagnostic uncertainty. One of these is isolated head tremor, on which published data are limited and at variance. We studied the prevalence of isolated head (i.e., neck) tremor in ET in two population‐based studies (Turkey and New York) and a large clinical sample (New York); these 583 ET cases all received the same detailed tremor examination. Head tremor with mild arm tremor occurred in a very small percentage of cases in each sample (1.9–3.1%, overall 2.7%). Nearly all of them were women. Head tremor in the complete absence of arm tremor was not observed in any cases (0.0%). These clinical data may be of value to clinicians in practice settings and researchers in phenotyping efforts in the emerging field of ET genetics. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
A process for identifying social and environmental issues: a case of the US forest products manufacturing industry
Authors: Panwar Rajat , Hansen Eric N. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Application of an issues management approach to corporate social responsibility consists of identifying, evaluating and responding to those issues that an industry must address in order to be socially responsible. This research focussed on identifying social and environmental issues relevant to the US forest products manufacturing industry. Towards this end, 14 interviews were conducted with key‐informants drawn from non‐government organizations, government and political offices, forest products associations, a multilateral organization and an extension expert. A rich set of issues was generated covering social and environmental issues. However, such a set may contain issues that are far too radical and may be challenging for companies to pursue. Accordingly, in order to develop a doable, socially credible and concise set of issues, a Delphi technique was employed consisting of forest products management and marketing academicians from various US universities. A two‐round Delphi resulted in identification of six social and six environmental issues that the US forest products manufacturing industry must address in order to be socially responsible. This proposed two‐stage process may have special relevance for companies that are entering into new markets overseas.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An application of propensity score methods to estimate the treatment effect of corticosteroids in patients with severe cutaneous adverse reactions
Authors: Sekula P , Caputo A , Dunant A , Roujeau J‐C , Mockenhaupt M , Sidoroff A , Schumacher M 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether propensity score (ps) methods could reasonably be applied to estimate the treatment effect on mortality, based on a comparatively small sample of patients with severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) and who come from different countries where physicians prefer different treatment schemes.MethodsPs methods were applied to cope with confounding due to non‐randomized treatment assignment for the analysis of the treatment data obtained in the case‐control study EuroSCAR. For the study's purpose, the analysis focused on the comparison of the treatments: corticosteroids (STER) and supportive care only (SUPP).Results206 French and German patients were treated either with SUPP or STER. Imbalances between treatment groups as well as between the countries were recognized. Concerning the balance between the treatment groups no ps model for the full cohort was satisfying. In addition, the inclusion of a variable for patient's country led to a separation of the patients by country. Thus, we developed ps models for each country separately and estimated the treatment effects (France: odds ratio (OR) 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09–3.10, Germany: OR 0.23, CI 0.06–0.92, Overall: OR 0.33 CI 0.11–1.04).ConclusionsThe application of the ps methods was successful and provided valuable information. We could confirm the findings of the original analysis which was based on standard logistic regression, especially concerning the necessity of a country‐specific analysis. The observed country differences in the estimated treatment effects were less pronounced and thus seemed to be more reasonable than those of the past analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Online polymer molecular weight and conversion monitoring via calorimetric measurements in RAFT emulsion polymerization
Authors: Altarawneh Ibrahem S , Gomes Vincent G , Srour Mourtada H 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Online measurements of key emulsion polymerization attributes, such as conversion and molar mass distribution, are unavailable. Costly offline measurements at low sampling frequencies with time delays usually lead to insurmountable challenges in real‐time product quality monitoring and process/product control.RESULTS: We developed an online calorimetric method monitoring the evolution of conversion and molecular weight in complex polymerization reactors. Our experiments were carried out in a 1 L reactor to produce polystyrene homopolymer. Monomer conversion was obtained in real time from polymerization rate, which was estimated from temperature measurements using platinum thermal transducers. The calorimetric model was validated offline for batch and semi‐batch emulsion polymerization of styrene with and without transfer agents. The conversion was validated using offline gravimetry. The molecular weights measured offline via size exclusion chromatography with multiple detectors compared well with those estimated online using the calorimetric method.CONCLUSION: We found that a semi‐batch emulsion polymerization process can be controlled online to approach living polymerization involving transfer agents. Thus our model is suitable as a ‘soft‐sensor’ for real‐time control applications. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Theoretical investigations of electronic structure and charge transport properties in polythiophene‐based organic field‐effect transistors
Authors: Lan Yi‐Kang , Yang Cheng Han , Yang Hsiao‐Ching 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRegioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is a hole transport polymer material used in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) and can reach mobilities as high as 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1. Factors that affect the charge mobility and the transport mechanisms of P3HT‐based OFET systems are therefore of great importance. We use quantum mechanical methods to interpret the charge mobility and the transport properties of self‐assembled P3HT molecules along the intra‐chain and inter‐chain directions. Our approach is illustrated by a hopping transport model, in which we examine the variation of charge mobility with torsional angle and the intermolecular distance between two adjacent thiophene segments. We also simulate packed P3HT structures via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The MD results indicate that the resultant mobility along the π−π inter‐chain direction is significantly less than that along the intra‐chain direction. Accordingly, the main charge‐transfer route within the P3HT ordered domains is an intra‐chain rather than an inter‐chain one. The calculation result for the inter‐chain hole mobility is around 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is consistent with experimental data from P3HT single fibril. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Exploring the dynamics of the yeast proteome by means of 2‐DE
Authors: Massoni Aurélie , Moes Suzette , Perrot Michel , Jenoe Paul , Boucherie Hélian 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this study we combined pulse chase experiments and 2‐DE in order to investigate how newly synthesized proteins are processed or modified to yield a functional yeast proteome. This approach allowed us to follow the fate of 560 native yeast proteins from the time they were synthesized up to several hours later. Among these, 81 were observed to vary during the chase, either increasing or decreasing. In addition, 60 were found to be modified immediately after their synthesis. Taking advantage of protein identifications, we characterized a wide variety of post‐translational events responsible for these changes, such as protein turnover, protein maturation and different types of PTMs. These events operate over very different time scales, ranging from the brief period required for co‐translational modifications to one generation time or more. In light of these results, the functional proteome of exponentially growing cells appears to be the product of a permanent remodelling process that modifies native proteins far beyond the time they have been synthesized. This study also allowed us to obtain information on the half‐lives of 260 abundant yeast proteins.
Proteomics data repositories
Authors: Riffle Michael , Eng Jimmy K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe field of proteomics, particularly the application of MS analysis to protein samples, is well established and growing rapidly. Proteomic studies generate large volumes of raw experimental data and inferred biological results. To facilitate the dissemination of these data, centralized data repositories have been developed that make the data and results accessible to proteomic researchers and biologists alike. This review of proteomics data repositories focuses exclusively on freely available, centralized data resources that disseminate or store experimental MS data and results. The resources chosen reflect a current “snapshot” of the state of resources available with an emphasis placed on resources that may be of particular interest to yeast researchers. Resources are described in terms of their intended purpose and the features and functionality provided to users.
Proteomic comparison of four Eimeria tenella life‐cycle stages: Unsporulated oocyst, sporulated oocyst, sporozoite and second‐generation merozoite
Authors: Lal Kalpana , Bromley Elizabeth , Oakes Richard , Prieto Judith Helena , Sanderson Sanya J. , Kurian Dominic , Hunt Lawrence , Yates John R. , Wastling Jonathan M. , Sinden Robert E. , Tomley Fiona M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe report the proteomes of four life‐cycle stages of the Apicomplexan parasite Eimeria tenella. A total of 1868 proteins were identified, with 630, 699, 845 and 1532 found in early oocysts (unsporulated), late oocysts (sporulated), sporozoites and second‐generation merozoites, respectively. A multidimensional protein identification technology shotgun approach identified 812 sporozoites, 1528 merozoites and all of the oocyst proteins, whereas 2‐D gel proteomics identified 230 sporozoites and 98 merozoite proteins. Comparing the invasive stages, we find moving junction components RON2 in both, whereas AMA‐1 and RON4 are found only in merozoites and AMA‐2 and RON5 are only found in sporozoites, suggesting stage‐specific moving junction proteins. During early oocyst to sporozoite development, refractile body and most “glideosome” proteins are found throughout, whereas microneme and most rhoptry proteins are only found after sporulation. Quantitative analysis indicates glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are the most abundant metabolic groups detected in all stages. The mannitol cycle “off shoot” of glycolysis was not detected in merozoites but was well represented in the other stages. However, in merozoites we find more protein associated with oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting a metabolic shift mobilising greater energy production. We find a greater abundance of protein linked to transcription, protein synthesis and cell cycle in merozoites than in sporozoites, which may be residual protein from the preceding massive replication during schizogony.
4‐Alkyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1,4,2,6‐oxaazadisilinanes: synthesis, structure, and conformational analysis
Authors: Lazareva Nataliya F. , Shainyan Bagrat A. , Kleinpeter Erich 
Published: September 2009

Abstract4‐Alkyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1,4,2,6‐oxaazadisilinanes RN[CH2Si(Me)2]2O [R = Me (1), i‐Pr (2)] were synthesized by two methods which provided good yields up to 84%. Low temperature NMR study of compounds (1) and (2) revealed a frozen ring inversion with the energy barriers of 8.5 and 7.7 kcal/mol at 163 and 143 K, respectively, which is substantially lower than that for their carbon analog, N‐methylmorpholine. DFT calculations performed on the example of molecule (1) showed that NMeax conformer to exist in the sofa conformation with the coplanar fragment CSiOSiC, and its NMeeq conformer in a flattened chair conformation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.