bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Dynamics in Islam: Addressing Contemporary Challenges
Authors: Murtaza Mahmood  , Irfan Ullah  , Mubashir Hassan  , Dr. Zeeshan *  
Published: February 2025

The focus of this research article has been the political dynamics of Islam that are changing. It explains basic principles such as Sharia (Islamic law), Caliphate (historic Islamic leadership) and Ummah (global Muslim community) and looks at their historical aspects and significance in the contemporary context. Then, the paper dissects the main topics sidestepped by Muslim-majority countries, such as the proliferation of alternative views of Politics Islam (e.g., Islamism, Secular Islam) and their effects on the form of government. Yet, its concentrate on the increasing yet dangerous discussion about the relation among the Islam principle with the democratically governance included both the relevant barriers and the opening for the integration. Additionally, the article discusses the past barriers and contemporary disputes among the Muslim world and West, led by the impact of these conditions on political realities in Muslim countries. When it comes the paper proclaims that are interpretation of the Islamic political thought according to the contemporary’s reality being done in order to avoid this problem thus Islamic scholars and thinkers are needs to have a more complex approach while doing so. It portrays the need to grow the pathway of dialogues and communication among the different Islamic schools of thought, at the same time as the wider interfaith dialogue to find solutions to the wider political divisions. The paper highlights the relevant place of education in promoting the enlightened and sensible political participation, which in its turn can build a sound fundamental of the society. Through the juggling of educational reforms that face cutting-edge political problems, the document attempts to argue that the future belongs to Islam where it will dominate the way of peacefully progressive world order.
Keywords: Political Dynamics, Caliphate, Islamic System, Contemporary Challenges
Nicolas Chesneau, traducteur au sein du cénacle rémois : des premières versions françaises à l’Historia ecclesiae Remensis de Flodoard
Authors: Nassichuk John 
Published: February 2025

Nicolas Chesneau (1521-1581), chanoine de l’Église métropolitaine de Reims pendant les guerres de religion, a réalisé au cours des 20 dernières années de sa vie une importante oeuvre de traducteur, dont le choix de textes latins à traduire en français témoigne de son engagement en faveur de l’orthodoxie catholique militante. Les traductions sont précédées de préfaces épistolaires, parfois longues, où Chesneau médite sur l’importance actuelle du texte qu’il transmet au public. Cette longue liste de traductions est couronnée par l’histoire de l’Église métropolitaine de Reims du chroniqueur et historiographe Flodoard, chanoine de Reims au xe siècle. Elle est publiée 21 ans avant la première édition de la version latine originale et constitue à bien des égards le bijou de toute l’oeuvre de Chesneau. L’étude des préfaces-épîtres introductives met en évidence l’intention didactique derrière cette initiative du traducteur, qui s’inscrit dans la lignée de ses écrits latins et français depuis les premières publications.
Morphological features of soils in post-pyrogenic forest plantations
Authors: Nureev Nail' Bilalovich 
Published: February 2025

The subject of the study is post-pyrogenic pine forest plantations and their effect on the external signs of soils. The influence of the forest fires of 2021 on the morphological features and structure of the soil cover on sandy soils of the Republic of Mari El was studied. The results showed a significant change in the composition and condition of vegetation in the studied areas, as well as the upper organogenic and organomineral horizons, both in composition and thickness. Grass-roots fires caused the burning of the bark of pine plantations to a height of 1-2 m, the destruction of the grass and shrub cover. As a result of forest fires, a peculiar pyrogenic horizon Orig is formed, characterized by ash residues of plant litter with a small variability in power in all the studied areas. The sinterability of the mineral particles of the upper horizons has not been detected. The structure of the soil profile and the changes that occurred in the post-fire period were studied by the method of laying full-profile soil sections with the identification of diagnostic horizons and features. The classification, diagnosis and description of soils were carried out according to the "Classification and diagnosis of soils of Russia" with amendments and additions (2008, 2022) and the "Field soil Determinant of Russia" (2008). The main conclusions of the work explain the formation of pyrogenic forest litter (Orig) in the form of ash residues with a thickness of about 3 cm, the absence of signs pyrogenicity in the upper mineral horizons and unusual color changes. The formation of an underdeveloped protohumus horizon with signs of gilding, manifested in an uneven distribution of silica powder along the horizon, has been revealed. A feature of all the studied soils is a light granulometric composition throughout the profile and poor soil-forming rock, represented by ancient alluvial sands. The author pays special attention to the description of soils using the modern soil classification (2004, 2022), which uses a more up-to-date indication of soil horizons and features. For a more detailed analysis of the impact of fires on the power of various horizons, a statistical analysis of the data was carried out, which clearly shows a decrease in the variability of the power of the upper horizons.
Resolving Learners Differences in the Learning of Mathematics
Authors: Pokhrel Maheshwor , Jha Narendra Narayan , Poudel Madhav Prasad 
Published: February 2025

Mathematics is essential for higher studies especially in the field of science and technology. It is applicable for all disciplines. Through various data collected in different schools, it is seen that students are indifferent in learning mathematic. Considering this fact, my study is based on survey research design with positivism philosophy. The main objective of this paper is to identify the factors that create indifference towards learning Mathematics and also to resolve it. The data is collected from 50 students and 20 teachers from ten different schools of Kaski district. Questionnaire was used for the research participants to achieve the research objective. After the analysis and interpretation of the obtained data, we were able to identify the cause of indifference towards learning Mathematics. Likert scale was applied to analyze the data obtained. Mean weight was used to locate the central position of the response to the statement of the students and the teachers as a whole in the rating skill. The questioner consists of 37 statements related to foundation of Mathematics education. Overall 32 statements assisted to overcome the indifference in learning Mathematics. If the calculated mean weightage is equal to or greater than two, it is assumed that the statement indicates the problems for the indifference toward learning mathematic. The ways to overcome the indifference were related to foundation of Mathematics education.
Investigation of factors related to treatment planning of x‐ray SBRT and scanning carbon‐ion radiation therapy for early‐stage lung cancer patients
Authors: Miyasaka Yuya , Lee Sung Hyun , Souda Hikaru , Chai Hongbo , Ishizawa Miyu , Ono Takuya , Ono Takashi , Sato Hiraku , Iwai Takeo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the treatment plans of x‐ray SBRT and scanning carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) for localized lung tumors, and to evaluate the dose dependence of tumor size tumor‐to‐heart distance. For phantom verification, we used a chest phantom with a spherical simulated tumor. Treatment plans for 3‐dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D‐CRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and CIRT were created. GTVs were created in sizes ranging from 0.5 to 5 cm in diameter, and the dependence of the lung dose on GTV diameter was evaluated for each treatment plan. For patient validation, 30 cases of localized lung tumors were analyzed. 3D‐CRT, VMAT, and CIRT treatment plans were developed, and DVH parameters were evaluated for each GTV size and GTV‐to‐heart distance. In both phantom and patient validations, the OAR doses were the lowest for CIRT. The lung dose increased with increasing GTV diameter for all three treatment plans. CIRT had the smallest ratio of lung dose increase to GTV diameter increase among the three treatment plans. Heart dose in CIRT was independent of GTV size and GTV‐to‐heart distance Conclusions: The results of the present study suggested that the use of scanning CIRT can reduce the OAR dose while guaranteeing the tumor dose compared to x‐ray SBRT. In addition, it was suggested that CIRT can treat patients with large GTV sizes while maintaining low lung and heart dose.
High‐Fidelity Directed Self‐Assembly Using Higher‐χ Polystyrene‐Block‐Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Derivatives for Dislocation‐Free Sub‐10 nm Features
Authors: Maekawa Shinsuke , Verstraete Lander , Suh Hyo Seon , Seshimo Takehiro , Dazai Takahiro , Sato Kazufumi , Hatakeyama‐Sato Kan , Nabae Yuta , Hayakawa Teruaki 
Published: February 2025

AbstractExtreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography currently enables the creation of ultrafine patterns. However, as miniaturization progresses, stochastic defects become a significant challenge. Directed self‐assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) has gained attention for pattern rectification to improve the quality of EUV patterns or for density multiplication to obtain sub‐10 nm features. DSA is one of the most promising miniaturization processes because it does not cause stochastic defects. However, dislocation defects are an important issue in density multiplication using strongly segregating BCP. This study demonstrates the use of DSA on 300 mm silicon wafers with higher‐Flory‐Huggins interaction parameter (χ) polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) derivatives for sub‐10 nm features. These higher‐χ polymers, synthesized from polystyrene‐block‐[poly(glycidyl methacrylate)‐random‐poly(methyl methacrylate)] (PS‐b‐PGM) and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanethiol (PS‐b‐PGFM), show excellent reproducibility of perpendicular lamellae. Line patterns with a sub‐10 nm half‐pitch are successfully formed by DSA on 300 mm wafers. Line patterns without parallel‐oriented structures or dislocations can be achieved by optimizing the chemical guides and annealing conditions. A polymer with a higher χN value exhibits improved roughness in the resulting line patterns.
An Injection‐Molded Modified Silicone Rubber for Cancer‐on‐Chip Applications
Authors: Haspels Ben J. , Bakker Frederikus , Beckers Lucas J. A. M. , Kanaar Roland , Kriege Koen C. , Valster Susanne M. , Vulders Roland C. M. , Kuijten Maayke M. P. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFor drug screening and personalized medicine approaches, cancer‐on‐chip (CoC) models are valuable as these systems enable precise control of cellular and tissue architecture and can be equipped with micro‐sensors for real‐time monitoring of physiological responses to drugs. Accurate design of the microfluidic device is important to allow recapitulation of key factors of a tumor and its microenvironment. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used as material for microfluidics due to its favorable characteristics including low cost, suitability for rapid prototyping, optical transparency, and biocompatibility. However, the hydrophobic nature of PDMS complicates its use in microfluidic devices. Here, the characterization and application of an injection‐molded functionalized PDMS fluidic insert for the commercially available Micronit system are described. The injection‐molded PDMS has been modified with carboxyl groups to accommodate cell culture on its surface and to covalently bind proteins for long‐lasting coating of the PDMS surface required for flow‐conditions. Modification of PDMS does not change its favorable properties such as its high optical transparency and absence of auto‐fluorescence. The modified PDMS fluidic inserts are suitable for building relevant cancer models on chip and do not show absorption of small molecules such as doxorubicin, allowing their use for drug screening and personalized medicine approaches on chip.
High‐Performance n‐Type OFETs Enabled by Pyridine‐Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrrole Organic Semiconductor and Elastomer Stretchable Blends
Authors: Kothandaraman Rajesh , He Waner , Kranthiraja Kakaraparthi , Manzhos Sergei , McNeill Christopher R. , Li Yong , Xu Yanan , Fairfull‐Smith Kathryn E. , Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Sonar Prashant 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe contemporary research on developing n‐type organic semiconducting materials (OSMs) has great significance for stretchable organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Two n‐type OSMs (DPPPy‐C10‐TN and DPPPy‐C‐Si‐TN) based on alkyl/siloxane‐substituted pyridine flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPPPy) end capped with thienyl naphthalimide (TN) are reported. Although DPPPy‐C10‐TN and DPPPy‐C‐Si‐TN show similar optical and electrochemical properties, they show a significant variation in their morphological and crystalline properties in pristine form or within an elastic polymer (polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene; SEBS) matrix, which further reflects on their electrical properties. Interestingly, bottom‐gate top‐contact OFETs of as‐cast pristine DPPPy‐C10‐TN show a higher electron mobility (µe = 0.103 cm2 V−1 s−1) than DPPPy‐C‐Si‐TN (µe = 0.0145 cm2 V−1 s−1), underscoring the influence of alkyl substitution on charge transport efficiency. By contrast, stretchable DPPPy‐C‐Si‐TN:SEBS blend shows a significantly higher electron mobility (µe = 0.322 cm2 V−1 s−1) in comparison to the DPPPy‐C10‐TN:SEBS blend (µe = 0.00196 cm2 V−1 s−1). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first successful report about a high µe value reported for a DPPPy‐based n‐type small molecule stretchable OSM blend in OFETs and provides new insights into the design and processing principles of small molecule based OSMs for flexible electronics.
Wideband Absorber With an Electrically Tunable Absorption Window and Its Application in Corner Reflector
Authors: Yang Jiaheng , Pang Yongqiang , Qu Bingyue , Wang Jiafu , Li Yongfeng , Meng Yueyu , Sui Sai , Zheng Huaibin , Xu Zhuo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe combination of tunable and static absorption at different frequency bands is urgently desired for radar stealth technology yet still remains a challenge. This study proposes a novel strategy of establishing a tunable absorption window in a wideband absorber. A structural prototype is designed with a tunable layer, a resistive layer, and a reflection backplane. By applying biasing voltage to the tunable layer, the absorption of the absorber can be dynamically controlled at 2–6 GHz. After the integration of the resistive layer, the absorption consistently stabilizes at 6–18 GHz. The measured reflection spectra of three planar specimens align well with the simulated results. A trihedral corner reflector is assembled by the planar specimens. The measured results demonstrate that the monostatic radar cross section (RCS) of the corner reflector can be dynamically controlled within specific angular domains at 2–6 GHz while remaining low at 6–18 GHz. The finding holds a feasible scheme in practical application scenarios, capable of implementing radar jamming operations through dynamical RCS responses while possessing low out‐of‐band RCS properties to reduce the risk of radar detection. It is therefore believed that the strategy holds significant promise for applications in radar stealth technology.
Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity as Light Absorber for Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: Wang Yuxing , Jiang Meihuizi , Haque Saif A. , Rochat Sebastien 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLuminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) hold the promise to make solar electricity more affordable by reducing the need for expensive photovoltaic cells and enabling less conventional forms of photovoltaics such as solar windows or roofs, and other architectural elements. Here the use of a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐1) is demonstrated as an efficient light absorber in an LSC, combined with a red‐emitting dye. The prepared prototype LSC displays good internal efficiency (25.3%) and external efficiency (12.6%), and performance metrics that show promise for the use of polymers of intrinsic microporosity as light harvesters. This work significantly broadens the potential applications of PIMs beyond their more traditional functions in molecular separations and other adsorption‐based processes.
Dispersion of Ultrafast Nonlinear Shift Current in SnTe Revealed by Photon‐Energy‐Dependent Terahertz Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Zeyun , Wang Fan , Xu Guorong , Cao Xueqin , Xi Yayan , Huang Yuanyuan , Xu Xinlong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe dispersion characteristics of nonlinear photocurrent response such as shift current, providing crucial information for understanding the nonlinear optoelectronic properties of semiconductors, yet remains relatively unexplored in a broadband region with non‐contact and sensitive experiments. Herein, terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy is utilized as a wireless and all‐optical method to reveal the photon‐energy‐dependent ultrafast shift current in tin telluride（SnTe ）. The shift current is induced by the bulk photovoltaic effect and further identified by the pump‐fluence dependence and light‐polarization dependence of THz radiation. Interestingly, the shift‐current‐dominated THz radiation is enhanced near the bandgap (Eg) and 2Eg excitation due to the resonance in SnTe, and the dispersion of shift current conductivity tensor is unveiled in the energy ranges of 0.5–0.9 eV and 1.2–1.8 eV. This dispersion feature can be well described by the nonlinear anharmonic oscillator model with the high density of states at the resonant positions. These findings provide a fundamental understanding of the dispersion of shift current in experiments and further apply to the development of shift‐current based novel THz devices and photovoltaic devices.
High‐Sensitivity Ratiometric Temperature Sensing and Information Encryption Based on Upconversion Emissions from Lanthanide Ions Doped BaTiO3 Phosphor
Authors: Zhang Wenbin , Wang Jiawen , Wang Le , Wan Jun , Bai Gongxun , Xu Shiqing , Chen Liang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUpconversion emissions from lanthanide ions have unparalleled advantages in the field of temperature sensing and information encryption. Despite extensive research on temperature sensing probes, developing highly sensitive temperature measurement applications still poses a significant challenge. This study utilizes lanthanide ions doped BaTiO₃ as the foundational material to develop a fiber optic probe with enhanced temperature sensitivity. The optical temperature‐sensing capabilities are assessed based on the intensity ratio of various energy levels in BaTiO₃: Yb/Tm/Er phosphors. Notably, the non‐thermal coupling energy level between Tm and Er demonstrates the highest sensitivity, achieving a maximum relative sensitivity of 2.70% K⁻¹ at 303 K. By leveraging the temperature‐dependent color change of the material, a large‐capacity photonic barcode for temperature information storage and encrypted transmission is developed, thereby expanding the potential applications of temperature monitoring.
Ferric Carboxymaltose (FCM)–Associated Hypophosphatemia (HPP): A Systematic Review
Authors: Magagnoli Joseph , Knopf Kevin , Hrushesky William J. , Carson Kenneth R. , Bennett Charles L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSince 2015, ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), an intravenous (IV) iron formulation used for treating iron deficiency anemia (IDA), has been associated with an increasing number of reported hypophosphatemia (HPP) cases. Information on HPP clinical manifestations and incidence has not been reviewed.MethodsWe reviewed HPP‐associated adverse events reported to the FDA, case reports, case series, observational databases, clinical trials, meta‐analyses, and FDA‐approved labels. Our analysis found that FCM‐associated HPP is a clinically important adverse drug reaction (ADR). The most common clinical manifestations are general weakness, fatigue, bone pain, muscle pain, osteomalacia, and fractures. Information on rates of FCM‐associated HPP was from a review of clinical trials, observational databases, systematic reviews, and meta‐analyses.ResultsClinical trials comparing FCM with other IV iron preparations identified FCM‐associated HPP rates between 50% and 92% versus 2% and 8% with other IV iron formulations. Meta‐analyses and systematic reviews confirmed these numbers. FDA‐approved FCM labels do not include details of available ADR information in case reports, case series, observational databases, randomized trials, and meta‐analyses.ConclusionWe conclude that although the FDA‐approved FCM Prescribing Label was updated in 2023, more robust recommendations on FCM‐associated HPP are needed to prevent negative outcomes including osteomalacia and fractures. For patient safety, FCM label should advise monitoring serum phosphate levels prior to initiating first doses and before subsequent doses for all patients. Given differences between the FDA‐approved FCM label and data reviewed herein, clinicians must be educated about FCM‐associated HPP, difficulties treating HPP cases, and should consider administering other IV iron formulations that have lower rates of HPP.
Synthesis of Mg−Al Hydrotalcites with Various Surfactants as Solid Base Catalyst for the Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction
Authors: Nishimura Shun , Nam Nguyen Huyen , Yuuki Souta , Ebitani Khoki 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMg−Al layer double hydroxide (Mg/Al=3.0), commonly designed as hydrotalcite (HT), has been prepared in the presence of surfactant reagents of various types to control its genesis during co‐precipitation. Among cationic, anionic, noninonic, and amphoteric surfactants, the cationic surfactant of benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (denoted as HT‐a, here) served a highly‐active Mg−Al HT for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction of furfural and diethyl malonate to diethyl 2‐furfurylidenemalonate, which was selected as a model base‐catalyzed reaction for this study. It was found that crystalline sizes of (003) had a linear relation to the product yield. Based on FE‐SEM observations and N2 adsorption isotherm analysis, aggregation and growth of HT crystals are expected to be prohibited in the presence of benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, affording the smaller size domains (secondary particles). These results are associated with enhanced reactivity for the base‐catalyzed reaction.