bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrasession reproducubility of retinal nerve fibre and macular thickness measurements using Cirrus Fourier‐domain OCT in DM patients without retinopathy
Authors: IDOIPE M , PRIETO E , EGEA MC , FERNANDEZ‐PEREZ S , GARCIA MARTIN E , PINILLA I , BORQUE E 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the intrasesion reproducibility of retinal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements in type 1 diabetic subjects without retinopathy using Cirrus Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomograph (OCT) (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc)Methods 35 patients with diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 1 underwent 3 scans through Cirrus‐HD in the same session, separated for 3 minutes between each scan. Each scan included 2 adquision protocols: “Macular Cube 512 x 128” and “Optic Disc Cube 200 x 200”. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and coefficients of variation (COV) were calculated for nine areas corresponding to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study an for macular volume, and for quadrants and RNFL clock hours sectors.Results Mean retinal thickness was 298,14 ± 12,76 µm at the first scan, 296,97 ± 12,75 µm at the second scan, and 296,86 ± 12,03 µm at the third scan. Coefficients of variation ranged from 0,7% to 2,2%. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.622 to 0.972. Mean RNFL average thickness were 97,28 ± 9,26 µm at the first scan, 96,38 ± 9,98 µm at the second scan, and 95,91 ± 10,11 µm at the third scan. COV ranged from 1,9% to 5,5%. ICC ranged from 0.823 to 0.987. No significant differences were found except in macular central thickness.Conclusion Retinal and RNFL thickness measurements obteined using Cirrus OCT were highly reproducible in type 1 DM patients with low intrassesion variabilities, so it can be consider a valid device for measuring retinal and optic nerve parameters in these patients.
Cytokines and adhesion molecules in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: High vitreous concentration of IL‐6 and IL‐8, but not of adhesion molecules in relation to plasma concentrations
Authors: LIINAMAA MJ , KOSKELA UE , KUUSISTO SM , NISSINEN AE 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Inflammatory markers have been observed in vitreous in diabetic retinopathy, but the increases may be predominantely due to leakage than due to intraocular production. We assessed vitreous concentrations of adhesion molecules and cytokines in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and non‐diabetic controls (C) in correlation to corresponding plasma levels. The purpose of the study is to differentiate intraocular production from breakdown of the blood retinal barrier.Methods The study population was 38 patients with PDR undergoing vitrectomy. Group C consisted of 16 subjects vitrectomized for macular hole or epiretinal membrane. Vitreous and plasma concentrations of six adhesion molecules (sE‐Selectin, sICAM‐1, sICAM‐3, sPECAM‐1, sP‐Selectin, sVCAM‐1) and eleven cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12(p70), TNF‐α, TNF‐β, IFN‐γ) were detected by the flow‐cytometry based Multiplex assay (Bender).Results IL‐6 and IL‐8 were 26‐fold and 6‐fold higher in vitreous than in plasma in PDR, respectively. Vitreous concentrations of IL‐10, sPECAM‐1, sE‐selectin, sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1 were higher in PDR than C. However, concentrations of adhesion molecules in vitreous in PDR were less than 10 % of corresponding concentrations in plasma. Also anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 was lower in vitreous than in plasma and vitreous IL‐10/IL‐8 ratio significantly lower in PDR than in C.Conclusion There is an active role of cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐8 in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, which might be due to their intraocular production. Furthermore, there is an imbalance between inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in vitreous.
Retinal photoxicity related to xenon light
Authors: GARCIA M , CASTRO J 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To describe the anatomical and functional changes observed after surgery, in three patients with idiopathic macular hole, who developed retinal toxicity related to Xenon light.Methods Three eyes (3 patients), two females and one male, underwent three‐port pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and fluid‐gas exchange. In all cases we used a new Xenon light during surgery with an intensity power ranging between 50 and 75%. In order to facilitate ILM peeling, Indocyanine Green (ICG) (0.05%) was used in one case and Brilliant Blue G (BBG) in two cases. Full clinical examination, with determined Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), fundus examination, retinography and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), were performed prior and after surgery. Fluorescein angiography (FA) was also performed in all cases after surgery.Results One week after surgery, the macular hole was closed in all cases and it remained stable during follow‐up. One month later, BCVA was lower than before surgery and we observed changes in retinal pigment epithelium at the posterior pole. These changes were more intense three months later: retinal atrophic areas combined with patches of hyperplasia of the RPE in the macular area. The FA confirmed the diagnosis of retinal phototoxicity. Similar changes were observed at six months, one, two and three years later in all cases with a final BCVA lower than 1/10 in all eyes.Conclusion The light we use to perform vitrectomy may cause photoxicity. As we used two different dyes during surgery, and previously we had operated more than two hundred cases of macular hole with ICG and halogen light without problem, we postulate that changes observed in these cases could be due to Xenon light, independently of the use of different dyes.
Commercial interest
Intravitreal ranibizumab in the treatment of subretinal neovascularization in a case of punctate inner choroidopathy
Authors: PEREZ GARCIA D , PINILLA I , JIMENEZ DEL RIO B , IBANEZ J , PEIRO EMBID C , CABEZON L , CRISTOBAL JA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To report a case of a subretinal neovascular membrane in a bilateral retinal lesions compatible with punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) treated with intravitreal ranibizumab obtaining excellent results.Methods A 28‐year old woman suffering loss of visual acuity with her left eye, who presented an image suggestive of subretinal neovascular membrane in her left eye and bilateral retinal lesions compatible with punctate inner choroidopathy(PIC).Results In this situation it was decided to initiate treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab in OD,(monthly for a total of three injections). The visual acuity improved to 20/30 after 1 st injection. One month after the third injection, the BCVA was 20/20 and remained stable. During the year the patient has been followed in our department were no new symptoms or signs of activity.Conclusion The differential diagnosis must be made between PIC and the rest of “white dot syndromes" and the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS). Angiogenic drugs may be a good alternative for the treatment of such diseases when they develop a subretinal neovascular membrane.
Retinal manifestations in catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: VILLAFRUELA I , COLAS T , PRIETO M , CLARIANA A , RIVAS O , FERNANDEZ A , BORREGO R , DE PABLO P 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose We present a case report with an ocular vascular event and multiple organ thrombosis and dysfunction in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies.Methods We report a case of a 79 years old female related visual loss in left eye. She had a venous occlusion and vitreous haemorrhage. In two weeks presented a maculopapular, bullous skin lesions on the legs, rapidly followed by widespread cutaneous necrosis and skin ulceration on all the limbs showing the tendons tissues of the heels. Later, she had an extension of thrombotic events to other vessels in the body. With medical treatment, there was initially a small functional improvement and then a general degradation in 10 weeks, followed by the death of the patient secondary to sever pulmonary emboli in the intensive care unit.Results It was found histopathologic evidence of multiple small‐vessel occlusions, and laboratory confirmation of the presence of antiphospholipid and anticardiolipin antibodies, in high title. It was refractory to anticoagulation, steroids and immunomodulation treatmentConclusion Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a rapidly progressive life‐threating disease. Catastrophic occurs when three or more organ systems are affected by thromboses in a very short time less than a week. Roughly 50% of these patients have systemic lupus erythematosus. The overall mortality of this desvasting syndrome is about one‐half.
Laser and surgery treatment of retinoschisis
Authors: BAGDASAROVA T 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To find new methods to cure retinoschisis.Methods Observed:130 patients. In1and 2 stages of process there were 80 patients (80 eyes). For these cases we used our method – step‐by‐step progression – beginning laser coagulation around the macula and toward the periphery retina. We used diode laser. Radiation power: 350mW‐850mW, wavelength: 0,83 mm, exposition 0,2 s, spot diameter: 150‐200mm. In 3 stage there were 50 patients (50 eyes), but in 3 stage laser coagulation was used only in 27 cases. In 23 cases we used surgery because these patients had new retina ruptures with traction by vitreous body. Before operation laser coagulation around macula zone and along the vessels. For surgery a segment‐oval silicone sponge imрlants was used. This implant is constructed with unilateral protuberant surface that affords to get sufficient press roller to blockade any schisis holes in eye retina. Application method of segment oval consists: implant lies on sclera on its convex surface and is fixed by several nodulous sutures in projection of retinal ruptures. Implant is not strengthening out in length but is applanated toward retina. It is possible to blockade large gigantic ruptures, dialysis and group of ruptures in retina. We did not drainage intraretinal fluid; repeated laser‐coagulation in 7 days after operationResults 1‐2 stages of retinoschisis after 4 session of laser coagulation we observed complete cysts delimitation outside macular zone. Complete intraretinal fluid resorption was achieved in 2 years.Conclusion Full fluid resorption was observed in 15 patients in 3 stage of retinoschisis after 5 sessions of laser coagulation. In 12 patients of 3 stage we observed complete cysts delimitation outside macular zone. In 23 cases of 3 stage operations ended with good results
Ligneous conjunctivitis. Response to topical cyclosporine and mitomycin
Authors: DE LA MATA G , FERNANDEZ‐PEREZ S , FERNANDEZ TIRADO J , PRIETO E 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose We report a case of a 50‐years‐old female referred for pseudomembranous conjunctivitis in the left eye(LE) that is unresponsive to conventional antibiotic treatment, presenting continual recurrence of the membranes after extraction.Methods Left eye showed hyperemia with yellowish‐white pseudomembranes adherent to the tarsal conjunctiva.The extraction of the membranes lead to relapse within a few days.She was treated with antibiotics and topical anti‐inflammatory without improvement.Results The culture was negative.We associated systemic steroids and excision of the membranes with topical mitomycin.Pathological anatomy confirmed the diagnosis of ligneous conjunctivitis,so topical cyclosporine A is added,but persisted upper tarsal pseudomembrane.At this time,repeated injections of mitomycin were performed at the upper eyelid,with remarkable clinical improvement.After months of gradual withdrawal of treatment,the disease remited leaving a retraction in the upper eyelid.Conclusion Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare form of chronic conjunctivitis characterized by recurrent formation of conjunctival pseudomembranes‐rich fibrin.It begins in childhood as a bilateral conjunctivitis that does not respond to conventional treatments,with yellowish‐white pseudomembranes that progress to form woody masses that replace the normal mucosa.Its pathogenesis is unknown,but recently has been associated with type I plasminogen deficiency.These patients may have lesions on other mucous membranes.Treatment consists of topical antibiotics and anti‐inflammatories as well as heparin, cyclosporine and topical mitomycin, or the recent addition of topic plasminogen.The visual prognosis is closely related to corneal involvement present in 30% of cases.
Fourier‐domain OCT and keratoconus
Authors: IDOIPE M , EGEA MC , PRIETO E , HERRERO LATORRE R , FERNANDEZ‐PEREZ S , SANCHEZ PEREZ A , BRITO C 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical imaging technique that provides high resolution, cross‐sectional, in vivo, noninvasive measurements of the eye. The OCT is widely used in ophthalmology, especially in retina and neurophthalmology. For the study of anterior segment, Visante® OCT has so far been the most widespread, with the disadvantage of high cost and lacks posterior pole module.Currently one of the posterior pole tomographs, Cirrus HD‐OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA), has introduced an anterior segment high‐resolution module.Methods We describe the use of Cirrus HD‐OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA) and its application in Keratoconus, a prevalent pathology. We present several images of anterior segment Cirrus HD OCT. We can appreciate its use in the study, analysis and follow‐up of the keratoconus, as well as for the evaluation of the corneal status after surgical treatments.Results Cirrus HD allows the measurements of corneal thickness and show the thinning process,it shows the corneal ectasia,the presence and quantification of hydrops, defines the exact depth of the placement of intracorneal rings and the visualization of them, the tunnels of implantation, the condition of the epithelium in the main incision, the condition of the keratoplasty seeing the donor‐recipient interface, etc.Conclusion Cirrus HD allows the measurements of corneal thickness and show the thinning process,it shows the corneal ectasia,the presence and quantification of hydrops, defines the exact depth of the placement of intracorneal rings and the visualization of them, the tunnels of implantation, the condition of the epithelium in the main incision, the condition of the keratoplasty seeing the donor‐recipient interface, etc.
The Effect of Anti‐VEGF Treatment and Triamcinolone in Experimental Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: REHAK M , HOLLBORN M , WIEDEMANN P , BRINGMANN A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose We investigated the effect of intravitreal injection of anti‐VEGF antibodies and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in a rat model of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).Methods In one eye of adult Brown Norway rats (n=81) CRVO was induced with laser photocoagulation. Animals were divided into 3 groups (each n=27): 1. CRVO only without any treatment; 2. CRVO with anti‐VEGF antibodies; and 3. CRVO with TA. The injection of anti‐VEGF antibodies or TA was performed 15 minutes after CRVO induction. The gene expression was investigated using RT‐PCR in the neural retina 1, 3 and 7 days after CRVO. We analyzed the expression of VEGF‐A, VEGF‐B, PEDF; of channels implicated in retinal osmohomeostasis (Kir4.1, AQP4, AQP1), and of inflammatory factors IL‐1ß and IL‐6.Results CRVO induced a rapid transient upregulation of Vegfa, and a delayed upregulation of Pedf. Further strong, downregulation of Kir4.1, Aqp4, and Aqp1, and striking rapid upregulation of Il1ß and Il6 was observed. Anti‐VEGF antibodies fully prevented the upregulation of Vegfa and of Pedf, and decreased the upregulation of Il1ß. This treatment had no effect on the expression of Kir4.1, Aqp4, Aqp1, and Il6. Intravitreal TA reversed the downregulation of Kir4.1 and accelerated the normalization of the upregulated expression of Il1ß and Il6, but had no significant effect on the expression of Vegfa.Conclusion The anti‐VEGF treatment inhibits strongly the upregulation of Vegfa but influences only marginally the water channels or inflammatory factors. TA inhibits the expression of IL‐1ß and IL‐6, and has neuroprotective effects via improvement of retinal potassium homeostasis.
Retinal vascular profiles
Authors: MACKAY FREITAS A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose It is our aim to study the retinal arterial and venous vascular profiles, in health and in arterial hypertension and glaucomaMethods The temporal arteries and veins were studied, from the optical disk margin to the first bifurcation,Their trajectory was pinpointed in a digital platform, and their coordinates in the two dimensional plane were noted.A polynomial function was found that was graphically equal to the profile, To compare polynomials, a Pearson correlation was used. The variables to be compared were the coefficients and the squares of x. The intercept of the regression line (on the y axis) made the distinction between arteries and veins, and between pathological entities studied. We used the t test, with P< .05 to analyze groups.Results NORMAL: 3 for the arteries and 2, 7 for the veins. HIPERTENSION: 4, 4 for the arteries and 4,6 for the veins. GLAUCOMA: eighteen eyes, all with primary open angle, two with pseudo exfoliation. We divided them in two groups: A with a stabilized clinical control and B with a degrading ophthalmological situation. The P values between intercepts of the arteries and the veins of the two groups were respectively 0,037 (<0, 05) and 0, 11Conclusion The correlation between the coefficients and the squares seems to be characteristic for arterial hypertensive patients. For glaucoma patients, the low values of the arterial intercepts are characteristic of the group with worse response to medical and surgical therapy. Those with normal values stabilized their clinical glaucomatous condition with medical therapy.
Measurement of retinal oxygen saturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: PALKOVITS S , LASTA M , SCHMIDL D , BOLTZ A , TOLD R , KAYA S , GARHOFER G , SCHMETTERER L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose In the recent years several systems for the measurement of retinal oxygen saturation became commercially available. These systems rely on spectral analysis of the light reflected and scattered at the fundus. To measure the validity of the obtained results is difficult, because no gold standard method for the measurement of retinal oxygen saturation exists. We measured oxygen saturation in patients with reduced arterial oxygen saturation due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and correlated data obtained in retinal arteries with systemic oxygen saturation values.Methods Eleven patients with COPD were included in this study and two identical study days were scheduled. The patients were in need of long term oxygen therapy to reach normal values for the oxygen saturation. Retinal arterial oxygen saturation was studied using spectral analysis of fundus photos using the Retinal Vessel Analyzer (Imedos®). Systemic oxygen saturation was studied with a pulse oximeter. The measurements were repeated 20 minutes after the oxygen therapy was paused.Results On day one systemic oxygen saturation in patients with COPD was 93 ± 4% and 86 ± 6% with and without oxygen therapy, respectively. Retinal arterial oxygen saturation was 91 ± 5% and 87 ± 6%, respectively (similar findings on day two). The correlation between systemic and retinal oxygen saturation was high (Day 1: r=0.68, p=0.023; Day 2: r=0.91,b p=0.001). In addition we found a high correlation coefficient of the change in oxygen saturation values (Day 1: r=0.88, p=<0.001; Day 2: r=0.67, p=0.047).Conclusion Our data indicate that measurements of arterial retinal oxygen saturation using the Retinal Vessel Analyzer show adequate validity.
Living with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: LANDGRAFF OESTLIE I , JOHANSSON I , MÖLLER A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The purpose of the current study was to get a deeper insight into adolescents' experience of life with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in the transition process from childhood to adult life, as described by young adults with JIA.Methods The method used was individual qualitative interview, and 15 young adults were interviewed. The interviews were tape recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using a qualitative content analysis approach.Results From childhood into adult life, living with JIA involves struggle and adjustment to an insecure everyday life and an unpredictable life course. The informants' experiences emerged as dicotomies on a continuum describing the dynamics in life experiences individually and over time. The categories include bodily experiences of limitations or freedom, being acknowledged or set aside in interpersonal relationships, and intrapersonal experiences of insecurity or confidence. The findings indicate a change to greater acceptance and adjustment to the disease over time. However, the perception of being weak and different continued, and in adult life concerns about future health and life were more pronounced.Conclusion The impact of JIA on life in a time of transition from childhood to adult life involves complex challenges on coping strategies and adjustment processes. Understanding this complexity is urgent for health professionals in order to contribute to both normal developmental task achievements and overall well‐being for young people with JIA.
Patients with advanced glaucoma with controlled intraocular pressure and visually significant cataract: phacoemulcification vs combined surgery
Authors: LIASKA A , CHATZISTEPHANOU K , PAPAKONSTANTINOU D , THEODOSIADIS P 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose cataract surgery alone may have a beneficial effect in glaucoma patients by mildly lowering the intraocular pressure but loss of intraocular pressure (IOP) control may occur after cataract operation. It has also been suggested that patients presenting with more advanced glaucoma may have better outcomes with surgery than medical treatment. The purpose of the study is to investigate the postoperative results of two surgical alternatives: phaco only versus combined phaco trab operation in eyes with advanced glaucoma and controlled IOP.Methods Prospective study of 78 patients with advanced open angle glaucoma (MD≥12 dB) with IOP≤21mmHg on topical medication and visually significant cataract (VA ranging from Hand Movements to 4/10). All patients were randomized to have either combined surgery (phaco‐trab, two‐sites, using adjustable sutures) (Group A, 39 eyes) or phaco only ( clear cornea temporal approach) (Group B, 39 eyes). Follow up for 6 months. VA, IOP and VF were measured regularly with appropriate IOP control. Postoperative complications were recorded.Results Phaco group showed faster visual recovery, higher peak IOP, greater IOP fluctuations and less MD difference than phaco_trab group, with the latter performing worse. Final VA didn't differ significantly between groups. Major complications: 9 choroidal detachments and 1 hyphema in Group A.Conclusion for the first 6mo postoperatibvely higher IOPs in phaco only patients do not seem to worsen glaucoma lesions given strict IOP control. Even more, phaco_only eyes show faster visual improvement and need less prolonged intensive postoperative monitoring than phaco_trab eyes.