bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of an industrial effluent treatment using enzymatic and alkaline adapted consortium assays
Authors: Younes Sonia Ben , Ellouze Mariem , Sayadi Sami 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Dyeing effluents are the main source of water pollution from textile industries. Consequently, the treatment of such effluents is of environmental concern.RESULTS: Decolorization of a textile industry effluent was investigated using, for the first time, the trimeric Scytalidium thermophilum laccase without mediator addition. The maximum effluent decolorization (50%) was achieved after 8 h using a diluted effluent (5 fold) and 4 units of crude enzyme, operating at 50 °C and pH 4. Characterization of raw effluent presents two peaks as demonstrated by the UV‐visible spectrum, showing an intensive peak around 670 nm and a smaller one at 290 nm. At the end of the enzymatic treatment, these two peaks disappeared and a new peak emerged at 280 nm. Because laccase catalyzed effluent decolorization percentage did not exceed 50%, an alkaline adapted consortium treatment assay of this effluent was carried out. An alkaline adapted consortium was used at bench scale in order to decolorize the raw effluent. After 24 h of exposure, color and COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal rates reached 73% and 71%, respectively, at pH 11.CONCLUSION: The adapted consortium treatment of the industrial effluent is economically very interesting since the treatment is costless and can be applied at pilot or industrial scales. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Differentiating cognitive and affective job insecurity: Antecedents and outcomes
Authors: Huang Guo‐hua , Niu Xiongying , Lee Cynthia , Ashford Susan J. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryTo test a proposed model of the job insecurity (JI) process that treats cognitive JI and affective JI as separate constructs, this study investigates organizational‐level employee involvement and communication practices that influence the level of cognitive JI; increasing levels of cognitive JI in turn can create an affective reaction (i.e., affective JI). This affective reaction then influences individual psychological and behavioral outcomes. With two waves of data from three large Chinese organizations, the model test results show that employee involvement decreases cognitive JI perceptions. This reduction then leads to lower affective JI. Affective JI in turn relates negatively to employee psychological well‐being but positively to both supervisor‐rated job performance and affective JI six months later. The effect of cognitive JI on employee outcomes is partially through affective JI. Cognitive JI has a direct impact on psychological well‐being but not on job performance. These findings offer key theoretical and practical implications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Albusin B modulates lipid metabolism and increases antioxidant defense in broiler chickens by a proteomic approach
Authors: Wang Han‐Tsung , Li Yi‐Hung , Chou I‐Pin , Hsieh Ya‐Hui , Chen Bao‐Ji , Chen Ching‐Yi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of albusin B on lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense in broiler chickens by a proteomic approach. The bacteriocin, albusin B of Ruminococcus albus 7, expressed by yeast was applied in this study. Three dietary treatments, consisting of the basal diet (control), basal diet + albusin B (2.5 g kg−1), and basal diet + nosiheptide (2.5 mg kg−1) were randomly fed to 90 broiler chickens from 1 to 35 days of age, respectively. After 35 days of supplementation, the growth performance, lipid metabolism and antioxidant proteins in the jejunum and liver, intestinal protein profile, and plasma lipid profile were analyzed.RESULTS: Broilers with albusin B supplementation had greater body weight than the control broilers. Compared with the control broilers, lower triglyceride and higher high‐density lipoprotein concentration in the blood were observed in both broilers with albusin B and nosiheptide supplementation. In addition, albusin B suppressed the mRNA expression of fatty acid binding protein 2 and ATP binding cassette transporter G 5 in the jejunum. In the jejunal protein profiles, four antioxidant proteins were upregulated by albusin B and nosiheptide treatments. The jejunal antioxidant gene expression had a concordant pattern. Hepatic genes related to lipid metabolism, 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl CoA reductase, and superoxide dismutase were upregulated by albusin B supplementation.CONCLUSION: Albusin B supplementation modulated lipid metabolism and activated systemic antioxidant defense, which might partially contribute to the performance of broiler chickens. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Winter Jordan M. , Yeo Charles J. , Brody Jonathan R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSerum CA 19‐9 is the only FDA approved biomarker recommended for use in the routine management of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Over 2,000 biomarker studies related to pancreatic cancer appear in the literature, highlighting the need to discover and develop improved tests. Diagnostic biomarkers have implications for early detection of PDA, prognostic markers predict patient survival and recurrence patterns, and predictive markers can help personalize treatment regimens. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:15–22. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ring‐necked pheasant hens select managed Conservation Reserve Program grasslands for nesting and brood‐rearing
Authors: Matthews Ty W. , Taylor J. Scott , Powell Larkin A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has provided critical wildlife habitat for many species since 1985. However, the quality of this habitat for early successional species, such as ring‐necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), may decrease with field age. Late successional grasslands may lack valuable vegetative and structural diversity needed by pheasants, especially during nesting and brood‐rearing stages. Since 2004, the United States Department of Agriculture has required new CRP contracts to include plans for mid‐contract management, which could include discing and interseeding. The benefits of such practices have not been assessed, and continuation of current policy could be affected by the lack of information to support such practices. During 2005–2006 we evaluated nesting and brood‐rearing habitat used by radio‐marked hen pheasants in areas of northeastern Nebraska where portions of CRP fields had been recently disced and interseeded with legumes. Pheasant hens selected managed portions of CRP fields for both nesting and brood‐rearing. Hens selected nest sites with greater forb cover and vertical density. Hens with broods also selected sites with greater forb composition. Discing and legume interseeding appeared to be an effective strategy for increasing pheasant use of CRP fields. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Photoreversible Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Switchable Sticky‐Rolling State of Water Droplets
Authors: Pang Xiangzhong , Pan Shuaijun , Feng Shuo , Chen Hao , Li Ling , Su Xiaolu , Xiong Yuanqin , Xu Weijian 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA photoresponsive fluorinated azobenzene homopolymer is synthesized via TERP. UV irradiation of the surface based on a fluorinated azobenzene homopolymer with micro/nanostructures induces a tunable/switchable water droplet mobility. Water droplets can easily roll off the pristine surface at a small tilt angle (≈14°). The apparent water CA changes from 150 to 135° after UV illumination of the surface. Thus, water drops stick on the surface when the substrate is turned vertically or even upside down, indicating a very high adhesion force. Interestingly, the water droplet rolls off again under visible‐light irradiation. The as‐prepared surface may be useful for applications requiring switchable mobility of water droplets.magnified image
Photoluminescent Epoxy/Gd2O3:Eu3+ UV‐cured Nanocomposites
Authors: Roppolo Ignazio , Debasu Mengistie L. , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Rocha João , Carlos Luís D. , Sangermano Marco 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUV‐cured photoluminescent coatings emitting in the visible spectral region are obtained by dispersing Gd2O3:4 mol% Eu3+ nanorods in three different commercially available photocurable epoxy resins. The effect of the concentration of the Gd2O3:4 mol% Eu3+ nanorods on the kinetics of the photocuring reaction is followed using real‐time FT‐IR. Thermal and the mechanical properties of the cured films are also investigated. Moreover, the effect of the matrix and nanorod concentration in the composites on the emission and excitation spectra and the 5D0(C2) decay time of Eu3+ is evaluated. The composite materials present original photoluminescence properties and demonstrate the potential of UV curing as a technique to develop smart photoactive coatings. magnified image
Green's function asymptotics near the internal edges of spectra of periodic elliptic operators. Spectral edge case
Authors: Kuchment Peter , Raich Andrew 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPrecise asymptotics known for the Green's function of the Laplace operator have found their analogs for periodic elliptic operators of the second order at and below the bottom of the spectrum. Due to the band‐gap structure of the spectra of such operators, the question arises whether similar results can be obtained near or at the edges of spectral gaps. As the result of this work shows, this is possible at a spectral edge when the dimension d ≥ 3.
Top‐down mass spectrometry for the analysis of combinatorial post‐translational modifications
Authors: Lanucara Francesco , Eyers Claire E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractProtein post‐translational modifications (PTMs) are critically important in regulating both protein structure and function, often in a rapid and reversible manner. Due to its sensitivity and vast applicability, mass spectrometry (MS) has become the technique of choice for analyzing PTMs. Whilst the “bottom‐up' analytical approach, in which proteins are proteolyzed generating peptides for analysis by MS, is routinely applied and offers some advantages in terms of ease of analysis and lower limit of detection, “top‐down” MS, describing the analysis of intact proteins, yields unique and highly valuable information on the connectivity and therefore combinatorial effect of multiple PTMs in the same polypeptide chain. In this review, the state of the art in top‐down MS will be discussed, covering the main instrumental platforms and ion activation techniques. Moreover, the way that this approach can be used to gain insights on the combinatorial effect of multiple post‐translational modifications and how this information can assist in studying physiologically relevant systems at the molecular level will also be addressed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 32:27–42, 2013
Gas‐Like Theory of Polymer Networks
Authors: Walasek Janusz 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe theory presented starts from the model of gas of statistical segments with potential interactions between them. The fact that the system considered is an elastomer is incorporated into the model by constraints imposed on orientations of segments. Constraints are caused by the elastomer structure. The structure is determined by a connection of segments in linear chains, while chains are connected in the network structure. The statistical and thermodynamic description of the system is obtained by use of the conditional optimization of its free energy (Helmholtz function). The Lagrange multipliers for that optimization are calculated by use of cumulants and the multivariate method. In general, results of the theory presented are formulated for any type of potential interactions.magnified image
Multiscale coupling using a finite element framework at finite temperature
Authors: Iacobellis Vincent , Behdinan Kamran 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents the formulation and application of a multiscale methodology that couples three domains using a finite element framework. The proposed method efficiently models atomistic systems by decomposing the system into continuum, bridging, and atomistic domains. The atomistic and bridging domains are solved using a combined finite element–molecular mechanics simulation where the system is discretized into atom/nodal centric elements based on the atomic scale finite element method. Coupling between the atomistic domain and continuum domain is performed through the bridging cells, which contain locally formulated atoms whose displacements are mapped to the nodes of the bridging cell elements. The method implements a temperature‐dependent potential for finite temperature simulations. Validation and demonstration of the methodology are provided through three case studies: displacement in a one‐dimensional chain, stress around nanoscale voids, and fracture. From these studies differences between multiscale and fully atomistic simulations were very small with the simulation time of the proposed methodology being approximately a tenth of the time of the fully atomistic model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal chemotherapy in cancer treatment: state dependent Riccati equation control and extended Kalman filter
Authors: Batmani Yazdan , Khaloozadeh Hamid 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYIn this work, we design a nonlinear state feedback controller based on the State Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) technique to eliminate the tumor. One of the most interesting advantages of the SDRE is that it is possible to consider the specific conditions of patients by defining appropriate weights in the cost function and by limiting the administrated drug. Another advantage of this approach is that there are infinite ways to form the state dependent matrices. For each patient, a suitable drug regimen has been obtained using these advantages. A nonlinear model has been utilized to predict the growth of tumor. The model is a system of ODE with four state variables: normal cells, tumor cells, immune cells, and drug concentration. To use the SDRE controller, all state variables must be available for feedback. But for measuring the tumor size, the professional equipment is needed. So, it is impossible to measure the tumor size any time. We suppose that the number of normal cells could be measured in the presence of the Gaussian white noise. Therefore, we can design a state observer to estimate the immeasurable states from measurements. Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) can be used as a state observer for a nonlinear system, and in this work, we use EKF as a nonlinear state observer. Consequently, we can use the SDRE technique just by measuring the normal cell population. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the design procedure and to show the flexibility of the method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does an informational film increase women's possibility to make an informed choice about second trimester ultrasound?
Authors: Öhman Susanne Georgsson , Björklund Ulla , Marsk Anna 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate effects of an informational film on making an informed choice regarding second trimester ultrasound.MethodRandomized controlled study. The intervention was an informational film about prenatal examinations. Data were collected at gestational week 26.ResultsA total of 184 women in the intervention group and 206 women in the control group participated in the study. Of those in the intervention group, 81.3% made an informed choice regarding second trimester ultrasound examination compared with 76.1% in the control group (p = 0.21). Women making an informed choice scored higher in knowledge about the examination (p < 0.001), had higher degree of education (p < 0.001), and spoke more frequently Swedish as mother tongue (89.5% vs 74.7%, p = 0.01).ConclusionsAn informational film does not increase women's knowledge or the number of women making an informed choice about the second trimester ultrasound. Women who did not make an informed choice about the second trimester ultrasound had a lower level of education and less knowledge about second trimester ultrasound screening. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fetal telecardiology service: patient preference and socio‐economic factors
Authors: McCrossan Brian A. , Sands Andrew J. , Kileen Theresa , Doherty Nicola N. , Casey Frank A. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aims of this study were to evaluate patients' opinions on a fetal cardiology telemedicine service compared with usual outpatient care, the effect of the telemedicine consultation on maternal anxiety and its impact on travel times and time absent from work.MethodsProspective study over 20 months. Eligible patients attended for routine anomaly scan followed by fetal echocardiogram transmitted to the regional centre with live guidance by a fetal cardiologist, followed by parental counselling. All patients were offered a fetal cardiology appointment at the regional centre. Structured questionnaires assessing maternal satisfaction, travel times/days off and anxiety scores completed at time of both fetal echocardiograms.ResultsSixty‐seven patients were recruited and 66 completed the study. Participants expressed very high satisfaction rates with fetal telecardiology, equivalent to face‐to‐face consultation. The telecardiology appointments were associated with significantly reduced travel times and days off work (p < 0.01). Expectant mothers expressed a clear inclination for a fetal cardiology appointment at the local hospital facilitated by telemedicine (p < 0.01).ConclusionsFetal telecardiology is highly acceptable to patients and is even preferred compared with travelling to a regional centre. There are additional socio‐economic benefits that should encourage the development of remote fetal cardiology services. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes in children managed on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy: can we trust the figures?
Authors: Makaya Tafadzwa , Chatterjee Sumana , Wright Neil P 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWith several studies reporting improved glycaemic control with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy, its use over the years has increased. The majority of studies report comparisons of baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and post‐CSII HbA1c. Due to the high cost of CSII, many guidelines advocate close monitoring of diabetes control while on CSII, and recommend that CSII is discontinued if there is no sustainable change in glycaemic control.The aims of this study were: to assess outcomes in diabetes control on patients within our specialist diabetes clinic on CSII therapy; and to establish whether there was a difference in outcomes based on whether comparisons were made between measurements from baseline (just before starting CSII) or from 12 months prior to starting CSII.We compared HbA1c, body mass index standard deviation scores, episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycaemia over 24 months – from 12 months before commencing on CSII to 12 months into CSII.While the HbA1c 12 months after commencing CSII (8.3% [67mmol/mol]) improved significantly from the point CSII was commenced (9.2% [77mmol/mol]; p=0.007), the mean HbA1c 12 months post‐CSII did not differ significantly from the HbA1c 12 months pre‐CSII (8.6% [70mmol/mol]) nor from the overall clinic HbA1c (8.4% [68mmol/mol]). There were no significant changes in the other parameters.In conclusion, comparing baseline HbA1c levels to post‐CSII HbA1c readings does not give an accurate assessment of outcome when establishing the role of CSII in diabetes control. We recommend that consideration be given to overall clinic averages, and to HbA1c readings in the longer interval pre‐CSII. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
Type 2 diabetes in children and young adults in East London: an alarmingly high prevalence
Authors: Balasanthiran A , O'Shea T , Moodambail A , Woodcock T , Poots AJ , Stacey M , Vijayaraghavan S 
Published: June 2012

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the young is a growing concern in many countries worldwide. In previous studies, positive associations with obesity, female gender, and family history have been noted. Newham, East London, has one of the highest prevalence of T2DM in the UK as well as one of the youngest populations. Our aim was to establish the prevalence and characteristics of T2DM in young people in Newham, and compare findings with existing data.Forty‐four young people (≤25 years) with T2DM and an equal number of young people with type 1 diabetes were examined. A retrospective analysis of existing patient records utilising diabetes and pathology databases was conducted.The age‐specific prevalence of T2DM in children and young adults within Newham was noted to be the highest in the UK at 0.57/1000 (58 out of 100 300). There was a strong association with obesity and 77% of those with T2DM were found to have a body mass index ≥25kg/m2. Many had features of the metabolic syndrome.This analysis confirms the high prevalence of T2DM with obesity in young people, particularly among minority ethnic groups, and adds to concern among health care providers and commissioners about the need for preventative strategies to tackle this problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
Comparison of chain structure and morphology of an olefinic blocky copolymer and a Ziegler–Natta‐based ethylene random copolymer
Authors: Tong Zai‐Zai , Xu Jun‐Ting , Xia Sheng‐Jie , Fan Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe microstructure and morphology of an olefinic blocky copolymer (OBC) and an ethylene‐hexene copolymer prepared by conventional Ziegler‐Natta catalysis (ZNEH) are compared. It is found that these two samples have similar melting temperatures, but the overall comonomer content in OBC is slightly higher. The crystallization temperature and crystallinity of OBC are markedly lower than those of ZNEH. A successive self‐nucleation annealing experiment reveals that OBC has a more uniform distribution of crystal thickness, indicating a more homogeneous composition distribution in its hard blocks. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) results show that the long period of OBC hardly changes with temperature in the low‐temperature range, whereas that of ZNEH increases gradually with temperature due to melting of the less perfect crystals. The average lamellar thickness of crystals is larger for OBC than for ZNEH, but the thickness of the thickest crystals is comparable in the two. The SAXS profiles were analyzed using a one‐dimensional correlation function. The result reveals that the partially ordered interphases in OBC are mainly located at the interface of the crystalline and amorphous phases. In contrast, the interface of the crystalline and amorphous phases in ZNEH is quite sharp and it is inferred that the partially ordered interphases are distributed in the bulk as separated domains. Scattered tiny crystals are formed in ZNEH, but OBC exhibits a macroscopic morphology of large spherulites. It is also observed that more amorphous phases are rejected outside of the lamellar stacks and spherulites in OBC. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry