bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
South India: Ecumenism's One Solid Achievement? Reflections on the History of the Ecumenical Movement
Authors: Daughrity Dyron B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article is a primer for understanding the history of the ecumenical movement by focusing first on one of its greatest institutional successes, the Church of South India in 1947, and then assessing the difficult relationship between ecumenism and missions. In the second half the article takes a broader view of ecumenical history, asking whether or not Christian ecumenism is still, in the words of Archbishop of Canterbury William Temple, “the great new fact of our era”. Focusing on various achievements and failings in the 20th century, the article asks throughout whether or not Christian ecumenism has already reached its height. The conclusion of the essay argues that in order to move forward in this time of transition, the World Council of Churches must take a careful look back at its successes, failures and very reasons for existence.
Do not log‐transform count data
Authors: O’Hara Robert B. , Kotze D. Johan 
Published: March 2010

Summary1. Ecological count data (e.g. number of individuals or species) are often log‐transformed to satisfy parametric test assumptions.2. Apart from the fact that generalized linear models are better suited in dealing with count data, a log‐transformation of counts has the additional quandary in how to deal with zero observations. With just one zero observation (if this observation represents a sampling unit), the whole data set needs to be fudged by adding a value (usually 1) before transformation.3. Simulating data from a negative binomial distribution, we compared the outcome of fitting models that were transformed in various ways (log, square root) with results from fitting models using quasi‐Poisson and negative binomial models to untransformed count data.4. We found that the transformations performed poorly, except when the dispersion was small and the mean counts were large. The quasi‐Poisson and negative binomial models consistently performed well, with little bias.5. We recommend that count data should not be analysed by log‐transforming it, but instead models based on Poisson and negative binomial distributions should be used.
Comparison of cardiovascular function and quality of recovery in isoflurane‐anaesthetised horses administered a constant rate infusion of lidocaine or lidocaine and medetomidine during elective surgery
Authors: VALVERDE A. , RICKEY E. , SINCLAIR M. , RIOJA E. , PEDERNERA J. , HATHWAY A. , CRUZ A. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:The effects of lidocaine combined with medetomidine or lidocaine alone on cardiovascular function during anaesthesia and their effects on recovery have not been thoroughly investigated in isoflurane‐anaesthetised horses.Objectives:To determine the effects of an intraoperative i.v. constant rate infusion of lidocaine combined with medetomidine (Group 1) or lidocaine (Group 2) alone on cardiovascular function and on the quality of recovery in 12 isoflurane‐anaesthetised horses undergoing arthroscopy.Hypothesis:The combination would depress cardiovascular function but improve the quality of recovery when compared to lidocaine alone in isoflurane‐anaesthetised horses.Methods:Lidocaine (2 mg/kg bwt i.v. bolus followed by 50 µg/kg bwt/min i.v.) or lidocaine (same dose) and medetomidine (5 µg/kg bwt/h i.v.) was started 30 min after induction of anaesthesia. Lidocaine administration was discontinued 30 min before the end of surgery in both groups, whereas medetomidine administration was continued until the end of surgery. Cardiovascular function and quality of recovery were assessed.Results:Horses inGroup 1had longer recoveries, which were of better quality due to better strength and overall attitude during the recovery phase than those inGroup 2. Arterial blood pressure was significantly higher inGroup 1than inGroup 2and this effect was associated with medetomidine. No significant differences in cardiac output, arterial blood gases, electrolytes and acid‐base status were detected between the 2 groups.Conclusions and potential relevance:The combination of an intraoperative constant rate infusion of lidocaine and medetomidine did not adversely affect cardiovascular function in isoflurane‐anaesthetised horses and improved the quality of recovery when compared to an intraoperative infusion of lidocaine alone.
Effect of an endurance‐like exercise on the disposition and detection time of phenylbutazone and dexamethasone in the horse: Application to medication control
Authors: AUTHIE E. C. , GARCIA P. , POPOT M. A. , TOUTAIN P. L. , DOUCET M. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:Equine antidoping rules were established to prevent a horse's performance being altered after the administration of prohibited substances, including approved drugs used for legitimate treatment. Veterinarians have to advise owners or trainers on appropriate withholding times to guarantee that their horses may safely compete after drug administration. In order to propose tailored withdrawal times, several horse organisations released detection time (DT) values, for the main veterinary drugs used in horses. One of the possible limits to the information provided by published DTs in horses is the fact that they are determined from classic pharmacokinetic studies performed at rest under laboratory conditions. In field conditions, training and exercise programmes may have an influence on drug elimination.Methods:Dexamethasone (DMX) and phenylbutazone (PBZ) have been quantified in plasma and urine after solid phase extraction. The kinetic disposition of DXM (8 μg/kg) and PBZ (8 mg/kg) administered by i.v. route in 8 horses, was investigated in rest conditions and during a standardised 3 h test exercise according to a cross‐over design.Objectives:The aim of the present study was to compare the kinetic disposition of 2 test drugs, DMX and PBZ in rest vs. exercising conditions.Results:It was shown in 8 horses that a sustained 3 h of mild exercise slightly decreased the plasma clearance of both drugs (about 25% for DXM and 37% for PBZ) and this is mainly explained by the significant decrease of the corresponding hepatic clearance. In addition, as the volume of distribution was correlatively decreased, the plasma terminal half‐life, which is a hybrid parameter of plasma clearance and volume of distribution, remains unchanged overall.Conclusion and potential relevance:Establishing DTs or withdrawal times (WTs) are relevant as plasma and urine half‐lives, but not clearance, are the main determinants of DT length. Veterinarians may realistically decide upon a WT for a legitimate drug based on the corresponding DT obtained under resting conditions providing this drug has a low hepatic extraction ratio and a safety margin is added to allow for all possible sources of variability.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the equine temporomandibular joint anatomy
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ M. J. , AGUT A. , SOLER M. , LÓPEZ‐ALBORS O. , ARREDONDO J. , QUEROL M. , LATORRE R. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:In human medicine, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the ‘gold standard’ imaging procedure to assess the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). However, there is no information regarding MRI evaluation of equine TMJ.Objectives:To describe the normal sectional MRI anatomy of equine TMJ by using frozen and plastinated anatomical sections as reference; and determine the best imaging planes and sequences to visualise TMJ components.Methods:TMJs from 6 Spanish Purebred horse cadavers (4 immature and 2 mature) underwent MRI examination. Spin‐echo T1‐weighting (SE T1W), T2*W, fat‐suppressed (FS) proton density‐weighting (PDW) and fast spin‐echo T2‐weighting (FSE T2W) sequences were obtained in oblique sagittal, transverse and dorsal planes. Anatomical sections were procured on the same planes for a thorough interpretation.Results:The oblique sagittal and transverse planes were the most informative anatomical planes. SE T1W images showed excellent spatial resolution and resulted in superior anatomic detail when comparing to other sequences. FSE T2W sequence provided an acceptable anatomical depiction but T2*W and fat‐suppressed PDW demonstrated higher contrast in visualisation of the disc, synovial fluid, synovial pouches and articular cartilage.Conclusions:The SE T1W sequence in oblique sagittal and transverse plane should be the baseline to identify anatomy. The T2*W and fat‐suppressed PDW sequences enhance the study of the articular cartilage and synovial pouches better than FSE T2W.Potential relevance:The information provided in this paper should aid clinicians in the interpretation of MRI images of equine TMJ and assist in the early diagnosis of those problems that could not be diagnosed by other means.
Comparisons of overground endoscopy and treadmill endoscopy in UK Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: ALLEN K. J. , FRANKLIN S. H. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:To date there is no information on the comparison of the more recently documented technique of performing endoscopy during ridden exercise in the field, with the more traditional method of endoscopy during high‐speed treadmill exercise.Objectives:To compare the results of upper respiratory tract endoscopy in UK Thoroughbred racehorses performed during ridden exercise in the field with those obtained during exercise on the treadmill.Methods:A direct comparison was undertaken in 4 horses whereby both procedures were performed in the same horse within 10 days of each other. An indirect comparison was also undertaken whereby the results of overground endoscopy performed in 50 racehorses was compared to the results obtained during treadmill endoscopy in a further 50 racehorses. Horses were matched for age, gender, use (National Hunt vs. Flat) and presenting complaint (abnormal respiratory noise vs. poor performance).Results:Dorsal displacement of the soft palate was diagnosed less frequently during overground endoscopy than during treadmill endoscopy. There was no significant difference in the diagnosis of dynamic laryngeal collapse between the 2 techniques. The treadmill exercise test was performed over longer distances at higher inclines, albeit at lower speeds than the overground test. In contrast to the treadmill test, the overground test was frequently performed in intervals.Conclusions:The results of both the direct and indirect comparisons suggest that dorsal displacement of the soft palate is diagnosed less often during overground endoscopy than during treadmill endoscopy. Strenuous exercise tests may be more easily performed on a treadmill than by performing multiple exercise intervals in the field.Potential relevance:Care should be taken in interpreting negative findings during both procedures, but particularly during overground endoscopy if racing conditions have not been appropriately replicated.
Multiple Antitumor Mechanisms Downstream of Prophylactic Regulatory T-Cell Depletion
Authors: Teng Michele W.L. , Swann Jeremy B. , von Scheidt Bianca , Sharkey Janelle , Zerafa Nadeen , McLaughlin Nicole , Yamaguchi Tomoyuki , Sakaguchi Shimon , Darcy Phillip K. , Smyth Mark J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSeveral reports have shown that prophylactic depletion of regulatory T cells (Treg) using various monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in mice can stimulate potent antitumor immune responses and prevent tumor development. These same depletion methods do not significantly suppress tumor growth in a therapeutic setting. Although different strategies to deplete FoxP3+ Treg have been used, no study has systematically compared these qualitatively for the effector mechanisms they each liberate. Herein, using prophylactic depletion of FoxP3+ Tregs with either anti-CD4, anti-CD25, or anti-FR4 mAbs, we have compared the cellular and effector requirements for elimination of the renal carcinoma RENCA and prevention of methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma. Collectively from these two models, it was clear that CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells played an important role downstream of Treg depletion. However, whereas all three mAbs quantitatively depleted FoxP3+ T cells to a similar extent, subtle differences in the downstream mechanisms of tumor control existed for all three approaches. In general, neutralization of any lymphocyte subset or effector mechanism was insufficient to alter tumor suppression initiated by Treg depletion, and in some settings, the neutralization of multiple effector mechanisms failed to prevent tumor rejection. These studies reveal that Tregs control multiple redundant elements of the immune effector response capable of inhibiting tumor initiation and underscore the importance of effectively targeting these cells in any cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2665–74
PTPH1 Dephosphorylates and Cooperates with p38γ MAPK to Increase Ras Oncogenesis through PDZ-Mediated Interaction
Authors: Hou Song-Wang , Zhi Hui-Ying , Pohl Nicole , Loesch Mathew , Qi Xiao-Mei , Li Rong-Shan , Basir Zainab , Chen Guan 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Protein phosphatases are believed to coordinate with kinases to execute biological functions, but examples of such integrated activities, however, are still missing. In this report, we have identified protein tyrosine phosphatase H1 (PTPH1) as a specific phosphatase for p38γ mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and shown their cooperative oncogenic activity through direct binding. p38γ, a Ras effector known to act independent of its phosphorylation, was first shown to require its unique PDZ-binding motif to increase Ras transformation. Yeast two-hybrid screening and in vitro and in vivo analyses further identified PTPH1 as a specific p38γ phosphatase through PDZ-mediated binding. Additional experiments showed that PTPH1 itself plays a role in Ras-dependent malignant growth in vitro and/or in mice by a mechanism depending on its p38γ-binding activity. Moreover, Ras increases both p38γ and PTPH1 protein expression and there is a coupling of increased p38γ and PTPH1 protein expression in primary colon cancer tissues. These results reveal a coordinative oncogenic activity of a MAPK with its specific phosphatase and suggest that PDZ-mediated p38γ/PTPH1 complex may be a novel target for Ras-dependent malignancies. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2901–10
Malignant Germ Cell Tumors Display Common MicroRNA Profiles Resulting in Global Changes in Expression of Messenger RNA Targets
Authors: Palmer Roger D. , Murray Matthew J. , Saini Harpreet K. , van Dongen Stijn , Abreu-Goodger Cei , Muralidhar Balaji , Pett Mark R. , Thornton Claire M. , Nicholson James C. , Enright Anton J. , Coleman Nicholas ,   on behalf of the Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group
Published: March 2010

AbstractDespite their extensive clinical and pathologic heterogeneity, all malignant germ cell tumors (GCT) are thought to originate from primordial germ cells. However, no common biological abnormalities have been identified to date. We profiled 615 microRNAs (miRNA) in pediatric malignant GCTs, controls, and GCT cell lines (48 samples in total) and re-analyzed available miRNA expression data in adult gonadal malignant GCTs. We applied the bioinformatic algorithm Sylamer to identify miRNAs that are of biological importance by inducing global shifts in mRNA levels. The most significant differentially expressed miRNAs in malignant GCTs were all from the miR-371–373 and miR-302 clusters (adjusted P &lt; 0.00005), which were overexpressed regardless of histologic subtype [yolk sac tumor (YST)/seminoma/embryonal carcinoma (EC)], site (gonadal/extragonadal), or patient age (pediatric/adult). Sylamer revealed that the hexamer GCACTT, complementary to the 2- to 7-nucleotide miRNA seed AAGUGC shared by six members of the miR-371–373 and miR-302 clusters, was the only sequence significantly enriched in the 3′-untranslated region of mRNAs downregulated in pediatric malignant GCTs (as a group), YSTs and ECs, and in adult YSTs (all versus nonmalignant tissue controls; P &lt; 0.05). For the pediatric samples, downregulated genes containing the 3′-untranslated region GCACTT showed significant overrepresentation of Gene Ontology terms related to cancer-associated processes, whereas for downregulated genes lacking GCACTT, Gene Ontology terms generally represented metabolic processes only, with few genes per term (adjusted P &lt; 0.05). We conclude that the miR-371–373 and miR-302 clusters are universally overexpressed in malignant GCTs and coordinately downregulate mRNAs involved in biologically significant pathways. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2911–23
Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 7 Promotes Multicellular Aggregation via the α5β1 Integrin Pathway and Paclitaxel Chemoresistance in Serous Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Dong Ying , Tan Olivia L. , Loessner Daniela , Stephens Carson , Walpole Carina , Boyle Glen M. , Parsons Peter G. , Clements Judith A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractKallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) is upregulated in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) with high levels correlated with poor prognosis. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship and the role of KLK7 in EOC progression are unknown. We report that two different KLK7 transcripts, KLK7-253 and KLK7-181, are simultaneously expressed in high-grade serous EOC. Multicellular aggregates (MCA), which promote cell survival and chemoresistance, were observed in SKOV-3 cells stably overexpressing KLK7-253 in particular. Importantly, these MCAs invade into a monolayer of mesothelial cells and form cancer cell foci. Blocking MCA using antibodies against KLK7 and α5β1 and β1 integrins confirmed the involvement of KLK7 and integrin-regulated cell adhesion. Increased levels of α5/β1 integrins and enhanced attachment to fibronectin and vitronectin, which was blocked with an anti–β1 integrin antibody, were also observed. Finally, Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed higher KLK7 and α5/β1 integrin levels in serous EOC cells from ascites and tumor samples from chemotherapy nonresponders with short postsurvival times. Additionally, both KLK7-253 and KLK7-181 clones were more resistant to paclitaxel treatment in vitro. These findings suggest a mechanism for the association of high KLK7 levels with chemoresistance and poor prognosis for serous EOC patients by promotion of peritoneal dissemination and reinvasion via increased MCA and α5β1 integrin–dependent cell adhesion. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2624–33
A Role for HPV16 E5 in Cervical Carcinogenesis
Authors: Maufort John P. , Shai Anny , Pitot Henry C. , Lambert Paul F. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A subset of the mucosotropic human papillomaviruses (HPV), including HPV16, are etiologic agents for the vast majority of cervical cancers, other anogenital cancers, and a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. HPV16 encodes three oncogenes: E5, E6, and E7. Although E6 and E7 have been well-studied and clearly shown to be important contributors to these cancers, less is known about E5. In this study, we used E5 transgenic mice to investigate the role of E5 in cervical cancer. When treated for 6 months with estrogen, a cofactor for cervical carcinogenesis, E5 transgenic mice developed more severe neoplastic cervical disease than similarly treated nontransgenic mice, although no frank cancers were detected. In addition, E5 when combined with either E6 or E7 induced more severe neoplastic disease than seen in mice expressing only one viral oncogene. Prolonged treatment of E5 transgenic mice with exogenous estrogen uncovered an ability of E5 to cause frank cancer. These data indicate that E5 acts as an oncogene in the reproductive tracts of female mice. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2924–31
Kinome Profiling of Clinical Cancer Specimens
Authors: Parikh Kaushal , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Over the past years novel technologies have emerged to enable the determination of the transcriptome and proteome of clinical samples. These data sets will prove to be of significant value to our elucidation of the mechanisms that govern pathophysiology and may provide biological markers for future guidance in personalized medicine. However, an equally important goal is to define those proteins that participate in signaling pathways during the disease manifestation itself or those pathways that are made active during successful clinical treatment of the disease: the main challenge now is the generation of large-scale data sets that will allow us to define kinome profiles with predictive properties on the outcome-of-disease and to obtain insight into tissue-specific analysis of kinase activity. This review describes the current techniques available to generate kinome profiles of clinical tissue samples and discusses the future strategies necessary to achieve new insights into disease mechanisms and treatment targets. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2575–8
Regulation of Minichromosome Maintenance Gene Family by MicroRNA-1296 and Genistein in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Majid Shahana , Dar Altaf A. , Saini Sharanjot , Chen Yi , Shahryari Varahram , Liu Jan , Zaman Mohd Saif , Hirata Hiroshi , Yamamura Soichiro , Ueno Koji , Tanaka Yuichiro , Dahiya Rajvir 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) gene family is essential for DNA replication and is frequently upregulated in various cancers. Here, we examined the role of MCM2 in prostate cancer and the effect of microRNA-1296 (miR-1296), genistein, and trichostatin A (TSA) on the MCM complex. Profiling results showed that expression of MCM genes was higher in tumor samples. Genistein and TSA significantly downregulated the expression of all MCM genes. Genistein, TSA, and small interfering RNA duplexes caused a significant decrease in the S phase of the cell cycle. There was also downregulation of CDT1, CDC7, and CDK2 genes, which govern loading of the MCM complex on chromatin. We also found that miR-1296 was significantly downregulated in prostate cancer samples. In PC3 cells, inhibition of miR-1296 upregulated both MCM2 mRNA and protein, whereas overexpression caused a significant decrease in MCM2 mRNA, protein, and the S phase of the cell cycle. MCM genes are excellent anticancer drug targets because they are essential DNA replication factors that are highly expressed in cancer cells. This is the first report showing anti-MCM effect by miR-1296, genistein, and TSA. TSA is undergoing clinical trials as a prostate cancer treatment but has high toxicity. Genistein, a natural, nontoxic dietary isoflavone, may be an advantageous therapeutic agent for treating prostate cancer. The use of RNA interference is currently being implemented as a gene-specific approach for molecular medicine. The specific downregulation of oncogenes by miR may contribute to novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 70(7); 2809–18