bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intellectual Property and Private International Law
Authors: Torremans Paul L C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Intellectual property has traditionally been regulated on a territorial basis. However, the protection and commercial exploitation of intellectual property rights such as patents, trade marks, designs, and copyright occurring across borders are now seldom confined to one jurisdiction. Nationally protected trade marks are now used globally on websites and copyright material is distributed, communicated, and copied in a world without borders. Patents have already been licensed on a transnational basis for several decades. This book considers how the introduction of a foreign element inevitably raises potential problems of private international law, ranging from establishing which court has jurisdiction and which is the applicable law to securing the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. As such, intellectual property and private international law, two distinct legal disciplines, are increasingly obliged to cooperate. This new edition encompasses the numerous and sometimes major legal developments seen over the past 12 years: the new Court of Justice of the European Union case law on Article 7.2 Brussels I Regulations, and its divergent approach to Eurasian Economic Union intellectual property rights; recent EU directives and national case law, including the fundamental change in patent law that will result from the introduction of the European Patent with Unitary Effect and the Unified Patent Court; as well as the implications of Britain's departure from the European Union. The book is a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the topic that will be welcomed by practitioners and scholars alike.
Infringement: Jurisdiction Under the European Union/European Free Trade Association Rules
Authors: Torremans Paul L C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the provisions related to jurisdiction under the European Union/European Free Trade Association rules and their application in infringement cases. After Brexit, the Brussels I Regulation and the Lugano Convention no longer apply in the UK and can no longer form a basis of jurisdiction for UK courts. However, even without the provisions, an action for infringement will be treated as a civil and commercial matter. On the other hand, an action for infringement of an intellectual property right brought against the European Commission must be heard by the Court of Justice instead of a national court. The chapter also considers the correlation between infringement, licensing agreements, and settlement agreements.
Complementary Torts and Other Causes of Action: Jurisdiction
Authors: Torremans Paul L C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks into the wide variety of causes of action under English and foreign law, which are complementary to the tort of infringement. It notes that the causes of action include passing-off, malicious falsehood, defamation, unfair competition, wider Continental protection in delict, breach of competition rules, and breach of confidence. Moreover, most of the actions are considered tortious. The chapter also considers the overlap between the common law and the Continental civil law approaches. It elaborates on the substantive law, jurisdictional provisions, and problems of other causes of action like passing-off and breach of competition rules and confidence.
Creation, Scope, and Termination of Intellectual Property Rights: The Applicable Law
Authors: Torremans Paul L C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks into the creation, scope, and termination of intellectual property rights in correlation with the applicable law. It clarifies that conventions do not provide a complete conflict of laws rule to address all issues. Thus, national treatment means foreign works, inventions, or marks can rely on the domestic intellectual property laws of the country where protection is sought. The chapter explains how negative rights are mainly relevant and mainly raise choice of law issues at the infringement stage. It then details how choice of law problems arise in multiple ways such as international exploitation of inventions and copyright works.
Choice of Law Reform
Authors: Torremans Paul L C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter notes the concept of choice of law reform. It primarily focuses on the absence of a choice made by the parties in contracts in relation to intellectual property, ubiquitous, and multi-State cases about infringement (tort), issues of contributory liability, and the security interests in intellectual property. Many of the existing jurisdiction provisions are somewhat dated if one wishes to use that word in an internet and intellectual property context. Modern circumstances of the exploitation of intellectual property rights suggested a need for reform. The chapter also notes the emergence of security interests in intellectual property which inevitably correlates to private international law.
Effects of asymmetric jurisdiction clauses under the Recast and 2007 Lugano Convention and their relationship with Third State court proceedings
Authors: Marshall Brooke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This Chapter explores the effects of asymmetric jurisdiction agreements under the EU’s Brussels I Recast Regulation and 2007 Lugano Convention before EU Member State courts. It examines the particular circumstance where multiple proceedings are on foot — whether in two EU Member State courts or in one EU Member State court and one Third State court — and at least one of those proceedings is pursuant to an asymmetric clause. The Chapter addresses the issue of effects by asking what the intended and actual effects of asymmetric jurisdiction agreements on the competence of EU Member State courts are, and which court should decide these questions. The Chapter demonstrates that the Brussels I Recast Regulation will, in some intra-EU cases and in many cases involving a Third State, produce a result that the parties, or at least the drafting party, did not intend. It suggests two key solutions for asymmetric jurisdiction clauses in circulation.
NEO212, temozolomide conjugated to NEO100, exerts superior therapeutic activity over temozolomide in preclinical chemoradiation models of glioblastoma
Authors: Minea Radu O , Thein Thu Zan , Yang Zhuoyue , Campan Mihaela , Ward Pamela M , Schönthal Axel H , Chen Thomas C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The chemotherapeutic standard of care for patients with glioblastoma (GB) is radiation therapy (RT) combined with temozolomide (TMZ). However, during the twenty years since its introduction, this so-called Stupp protocol has revealed major drawbacks, because nearly half of all GBs harbor intrinsic treatment resistance mechanisms. Prime among these are the increased expression of the DNA repair protein O6-guanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and cellular deficiency in DNA mismatch repair (MMR). Patients with such tumors receive very little, if any, benefit from TMZ. We are developing a novel molecule, NEO212 (TMZ conjugated to NEO100), that harbors the potential to overcome these limitations.

Methods
We used mouse models that were orthotopically implanted with GB cell lines or primary, radioresistant human GB stem cells, representing different treatment resistance mechanisms. Animals received NEO212 (or TMZ for comparison) without or with RT. Overall survival was recorded, and histology studies quantified DNA damage, apoptosis, microvessel density, and impact on bone marrow.

Results
In all tumor models, replacing TMZ with NEO212 in a schedule designed to mimic the Stupp protocol achieved a strikingly superior extension of survival, especially in TMZ-resistant and RT-resistant models. While NEO212 displayed pronounced radiation-sensitizing, DNA-damaging, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic effects in tumor tissue, it did not cause bone marrow toxicity.

Conclusions
NEO212 is a candidate drug to potentially replace TMZ within the standard Stupp protocol. It has the potential to become the first chemotherapeutic agent to significantly extend overall survival in TMZ-resistant patients when combined with radiation.
Recommendations for Updating Fever and Inflammation of Unknown Origin From a Modified Delphi Consensus Panel
Authors: Wright William F , Stelmash Lauren , Betrains Albrecht , Mulders-Manders Catharina M , Rovers Chantal P , Vanderschueren Steven , Auwaerter Paul G ,   International Fever and Inflammation of Unknown Origin Research Working Group, Baicus Cristian , Bharucha Tehmina , Bor David , Bosilkovski Mile , Brown Michael , Carroll Karen , Fusco Francesco Maria , Harris Gavin , Naito Toshio , Oyen Wim JG , Pascal Seve , Rowe Steven , Rupali Priscilla , Saxinger Lynora , Teruhiko Terasawa , Yenilmez Ercan , Zenone Thierry 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) and inflammation of unknown origin (IUO) are syndromes commonly used as medical diagnoses. Since the existing literature has a mixture of diagnostic approaches, developing consensus-based recommendations would be helpful for clinicians, researchers, and patients.

Methods
A modified Delphi process was performed from October 2022 to July 2023, involving 4 rounds of online surveys and 2 live video conferences. The panel comprised international experts recruited based on peer-reviewed published publications and studies.

Results
Among 50 invited experts, 26 (52.0%) agreed to participate. Twenty-three panelists completed round 1 of the survey, 21 completed rounds 2 and 3, 20 completed round 4, and 7 participated in round 5 live video discussions. Of the participants, 18 (78.3%) were academic-based clinicians and researchers, 5 (21.7%) practiced in a community-based hospital, and 6 (26.1%) were female. Consensus was reached on 5 themes: (1) incorporating epidemiologic factors, such as geographic location and travel history; (2) updated criteria for classifying FUO or IUO; (3) initial evaluation approaches; (4) a classification system for diagnoses; and (5) recommendations for judicious limitation of empiric therapies. Experts strongly disagreed with using 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography as part of the diagnostic criteria for FUO. There were mixed opinions about the importance of the temperature measurement site, the 3-week minimum illness criterion, the need for a standard definition of relapsing fevers, and the use of similar evaluation strategies for FUO and IUO.

Conclusions
These Delphi-generated consensus-based recommendations offer potential improvements compared with earlier definitions and a guide for clinical practice and future research.
Sceptical hypotheses and subjective indistinguishability
Authors: Doerksen Lisa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The notion of subjective indistinguishability has long played a central role in explanations of the force of Cartesian sceptical hypotheses. I argue that sceptical hypotheses do not need to be subjectively indistinguishable to be compelling and I provide an alternative diagnosis of their force that explains why this is the case. My diagnosis focuses on the relation between one's experiences and third-personal accounts of the circumstances in which these experiences occur. This relation is characterized by a distinctive gap that leaves room for questions about the nature of one's circumstances, providing sceptical hypotheses with a foothold. I argue that this gap lends sceptical hypotheses their force and renders the stipulation of subjective indistinguishability unnecessary.
Variation in perceptions of genital ablation between aspiring eunuchs and individuals with paraphilic sexual fantasies
Authors: Agapoff Jamie , Wassersug Richard J , Johnson Thomas W , Wibowo Erik 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Although uncommon, some individuals assigned male at birth (AMAB) seek voluntary genital ablative procedures, and others fantasize about it.

Aim
To learn more about the views of genital ablation and injuries in those who aspire to be castrated as compared with those who only fantasize about it.

Methods
A survey was run on the Eunuch Archive internet community. Content analysis was conducted on the responses of 342 AMAB individuals with castration fantasy but no desire for actual surgery (fantasizers) vs 294 AMAB individuals who expressed a desire for genital ablation (aspiring).

Outcomes
Study outcomes were responses to open-ended questions about genital ablations and injury.

Results
Aspiring individuals were more likely to perceive a “physical appearance benefit” from orchiectomy, but fewer could recall how they first learned about the procedure. Some reasons that aspiring persons gave for desiring an orchiectomy included “achieving preferred self” and “health reasons.” Fantasizers, in contrast, worried about the potential side effects of orchiectomy, and more believed there to be no benefit to it.

Clinical Implications
Psychiatrists and other clinicians need to understand their patients’ views on genital ablation to properly diagnose and provide the best personalized care.

Strengths and Limitations
Strengths include a large sample of respondents. Limitations include the accuracy of the anonymous survey data.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates divergent interests on genital ablation among AMAB individuals who have not had an any genital ablation yet have intense interest in the topic.
The role of primary care in improving health outcomes in young foster children
Authors: Sitzman Carol , Quincy Brenda 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Children removed from their biological families because of abuse, neglect, and/or violence have increased healthcare needs and are susceptible to poor health outcomes compared with children who are not in the child welfare system. Developmental delays occur in about 75% of children in foster care. Up to 80% of children entering out-of-home care have at least one physical health problem and more than 40% experience educational challenges. In most US states, newly removed children are required to have a medical evaluation shortly after placement in a foster or kinship family. The initial evaluation is important for identifying urgent concerns and developing a rapport with children who may not have had regular medical care. In addition, the child's complete social, trauma, and medical history may be unknown because of system barriers such as inconsistent medical care by biological parents, privacy laws protecting records, and unavailability of birth histories and biological parents' medical and psychosocial histories. As a result, a series of visits is required to fully evaluate the child's development and healthcare needs. This article provides guidance for physician associates/assistants who provide care to children in foster care.
Be the Qualitative Researcher
Authors: Morgan Deidra D. , Hargett Jennifer L. , McBride Melissa M. , Princiotta Allison L. , Riddick Johnna C. , Tullos Stephanie S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A team-based, active learning activity was created to facilitate undergraduate nursing students’ understanding of qualitative research concepts. Working in small groups, students utilized the full-text lyrics of albums by recording artist Taylor Swift to analyze phrasing, create a qualitative coding scheme, code the data, and create a content and thematic analysis. The students then collaboratively created a Google Slide to present their findings for the class. An anonymous postactivity survey indicated greater student satisfaction with this activity than with traditional didactic lectures.
Iatrogenic Sciatic Nerve Injury in Posterior Acetabular Surgery: Surgeon More Predictive Than Position
Authors: Schaffer Nathaniel E. , Luther Lauren , Ponce R. Brandon , Wrenn Sean P. , Cave Joseph R. , Moreno-Diaz A. Fidel , Morris Cade A. , Tatman Lauren M. , Mitchell Phillip M. 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To identify factors that contribute to iatrogenic sciatic nerve palsy during acetabular surgery through a Kocher–Langenbeck approach and to evaluate if variation among individual surgeons exists.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Setting:
Level I trauma center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Adults undergoing fixation of acetabular fractures (AO/OTA 62) through a posterior approach by 9 orthopaedic traumatologists between November 2010 and November 2022.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
The prevalence of iatrogenic sciatic nerve palsy and comparison of the prevalence and risk of palsy between prone and lateral positions before and after adjusting for individual surgeon and the presence of transverse fracture patterns in logistic regression. Comparison of the prevalence of palsy between high-volume (>1 patient/month) and low-volume surgeons.

RESULTS:
A total of 644 acetabular fractures repaired through a posterior approach were included (median age 39 years, 72% male). Twenty of 644 surgeries (3.1%) resulted in iatrogenic sciatic nerve palsy with no significant difference between the prone (3.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9%–4.9%) and lateral (3.3%, 95% CI, 1.3%–8.1%) positions (P = 0.64). Logistic regression adjusting for surgeon and transverse fracture pattern demonstrated no significant effect for positions (odds ratio 1.0, 95% CI, 0.3–3.9). Transverse fracture pattern was associated with increased palsy risk (odds ratio 3.0, 95% CI, 1.1–7.9). Individual surgeon was significantly associated with iatrogenic palsy (P < 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS:
Surgeon and the presence of a transverse fracture line predicted iatrogenic nerve palsy after a posterior approach to the acetabulum in this single-center cohort. Surgeons should perform the Kocher–Langenbeck approach for acetabular fixation in the position they deem most appropriate, as the position was not associated with the rate of iatrogenic palsy in this series.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Epidemiology of Pediatric Firearm Injuries in the United States: The Progression of Gunshot Injury Rates Through the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Welbeck Arakua , Torres-Izquierdo Beltran , Mittal Mehul M. , Momtaz David , Gonuguntla Rishi , Guisse Ndéye , Hu Jesse , Pereira Daniel E. , Hosseinzadeh Pooya 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
Ballistic injuries among pediatric populations have become a public health crisis in the United States. The surge in firearm injuries among children has outpaced other causes of death. This study aims to assess the trend in pediatric gunshot injuries (GSIs) over the last decade and investigate the impact, if any, of the pandemic on GSIs statistics.

Methods:
A comprehensive retrospective analysis was conducted using a federated, real-time national database. A total of 15,267,921 children without GSIs and 6261 children with GSIs between 2017 and 2023 were identified. The study evaluated the incidence and annual proportions of GSIs among different demographics. In addition, the incidence proportions per 100,000 for accidental, nonaccidental, fracture-related, and fatal GSIs were analyzed.

Results:
The incidence proportions per 100,000 for GSIs, accidental GSIs, nonaccidental GSIs, fatal GSIs, wheelchair-bound cases, and fracture-related GSIs increased significantly from 2017 to 2023, going from 9.7 to 22.8 (Relative Risk: 2.342, 95% CI: 2.041, 2.687, P < 0.001). The overall increase was mostly a result of accidental GSI when compared with nonaccidental (incidence proportion 25.8 vs 2.1; P < 0.001) in 2021 at the height of the pandemic. In patients with an accidental GSI, the incidence proportion per 100k between 2017 and 2023 increased from 8.81 to 21.11 (Relative Risk: 2.397, 95% CI: 2.076, 2.768, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The study supports the shift in the leading cause of death among children from motor vehicle accidents to GSIs, with the continued rise in rates despite the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Accidental injuries constituted the majority of GSIs, indicating the need for enhanced gun safety measures, including requirements for gun storage, keeping firearms locked and unloaded, requiring child supervision in homes with guns, and enforcing stricter punishments as penalties. Comprehensive efforts are required to address this public health crisis. Pediatricians play a vital role in counseling and educating families on firearm safety.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
An Exploration of the Supportive Care Needs of Caribbean Families of Critically Ill Adults
Authors: Burlar Amy , Conroy Shelley 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT:
Nurses care for patients of diverse cultures. Persons in and from the Caribbean region have specific needs and concerns related to the support they need when a family member is admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Nurses familiar with Caribbean patient culture can provide these family members with knowledgeable and culturally competent care. However, little research exists about the unique needs of this population. This pilot study explored the nursing support needs of adult Caribbean family members of patients in the ICU.
How Grounded Are Our Ideals? Rethinking Nursing's Covenant of Care
Authors: Wolfs Dorolen 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT:Covenant has been used to describe the special relationship between nurses and patients yet has been misunderstood in nursing literature. Covenantal elements of keeping promises and nurturing relationship resonate with the work of nursing. However, unlimited devotion puts the nurse at risk for exploitation and burnout. One's conceptualization of covenant is important because it impacts beliefs about allegiance, identity, and responsibilities. This article offers a critical analysis of how the conceptualization of covenant in nursing literature compares to a theological understanding of covenant. The covenantal dimension of a nurse's practice is reframed from the nurse–patient relationship to a professional–societal relationship.
A Free Bypass Flap for Chronic Limb-threatening Ischemia
Authors: Umekawa Kohei , Kurabayashi Takashi , Asato Hirotaka , Iida Takuya , Suzuki Ayako , Tasaki Masanori 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Recently, significant inframalleolar disease seems to increase in chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients, making identifying sufficient outflow vessels in the foot challenging. In these difficult situations, free tissue transfer is a valuable tool to provide a low-resistance vascular bed to the affected part. However, there remains concern that free tissue transfer may impede adequate perfusion of the higher resistance diseased vascular bed.

Methods:
To improve perfusion of the affected area directly, the authors have developed a concept of a free bypass flap, adding bypass surgery to free tissue transfer. After anastomosis with the recipient vessels in a conventional manner for free tissue transfer, bypass surgery to the foot is performed by anastomosis of the branch of the flap pedicle with the diseased artery to the foot. A retrospective chart review of nine CLTI patients was performed to analyze the outcomes of free bypass flap transfer between 2018 and 2023.

Results:
The flap success rate was 100% (n = 9). Postoperative angiography or echo confirmed the patency of all but one bypass vessel (n = 8). There were six fatalities, however, due to causes other than foot lesions, with an average observation period of 16 months. The limb salvage rate was 89% (n = 8).

Conclusions:
A free bypass flap enhances the overall blood circulation to the foot. Due to its high patency rate of bypass vessels, it is a valuable method for preserving the limbs of highly comorbid patients with CLTI.