bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pyridone ribo‐C‐Nucleosides via Heck Reaction and Oxidation
Authors: Gniech Tim , Richert Clemens 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNucleosides find applications in medicinal chemistry, chemical biology and diagnostics. Among the nucleosides, C‐nucleosides have attracted particular attention because their carbon‐carbon bond between nucleobase and ribose provides stability against degradation. While several well‐established methods exist for the synthesis of 2′‐deoxy‐C‐nucleosides, the preparation of their ribofuranosyl counterparts is more challenging. Established methods for their synthesis give mixtures of anomers and require harsh reagents or conditions. Here we report a diastereoselective glycosylation method involving a Heck reaction between a glycal and an aryl iodide, followed by oxidation of the silyl enol ether with methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (TFDO). The resulting ketone is then diastereoselectively reduced to the ribonucleoside. The new route has been applied to pyridones and is expected to also yield other ribo‐C‐nucleosides in diastereoselective fashion.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Synthesis of 6‐Aroyl Benzimidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines from N‐Cyanobenzimidazoles and α‐Keto Acids by Radical Relay Cyclization
Authors: Hu Yang , Liu Cheng‐Liang , He Wen‐Tao , Liu Li‐Hong , Li Jiang‐Sheng , Li Zhi‐Wei , Liu Han‐Wen , Li Wen‐Sheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA diverse array of 6‐aroyl benzimidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines was successfully synthesized using easily obtainable N‐cyanobenzimidazoles and α‐keto acids, facilitated by photoredox catalysis. A mechanistic investigation revealed that this methodology might involve both photoredox and energy transfer catalytic cycles, generating acyl radicals that subsequently promote radical relay cyclization.
How do Management Goals for Wild Chinook Salmon Align with Feasibility?
Authors: Copeland Timothy , Ebel Jonathan D. , Kinzer Ryan N. , Corsi Matthew P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Evaluation of goals is crucial for effective management to conserve viable and diverse fish populations and to support harvest. Management of wild Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Snake River basin exemplifies the struggle to meet fisheries goals. Considering contemporary production of juvenile emigrants, it is imperative to determine the survival from emigration to adult (Se-a) required to meet abundance goals. Increased anthropogenic impact on spawning and rearing habitats leads to higher Se-a required to attain goals. Wilderness populations exhibit viability and could sustain fisheries with Se-a lower than required elsewhere. Conversely, populations targeted for habitat restoration demand higher Se-a to fulfill goals, indicating a need to enhance egg-to-smolt survival. However, Se-a has fallen below the threshold needed for replacement in all populations, even at current low abundances. Despite these challenges, most populations still possess the potential to achieve abundance goals, emphasizing the importance of strategic interventions to bolster their resilience.
Metabolic pathway‐based subtyping reveals distinct microenvironmental states associated with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma outcomes
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Liu Hengqi , Fei Yue , Song Zheng , Meng Xiangrui , Yu Jingwei , Liu Xia , Li Lanfang , Qiu Lihua , Qian Zhengzi , Zhou Shiyong , Wang Xianhuo , Zhang Huilai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease that requires personalized clinical treatment. Assigning patients to different risk categories and cytogenetic abnormality and genetic mutation groups has been widely applied for prognostic stratification of DLBCL. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that dysregulated metabolic processes contribute to the initiation and progression of DLBCL. Metabolic competition within the tumor microenvironment is also known to influence immune cell metabolism. However, metabolism‐ and immune‐related stratification has not been established. Here, 1660 genes involved in 84 metabolic pathways were selected and tested to establish metabolic clusters (MECs) of DLBCL. MECs established based on independent lymphoma datasets distinguished different survival outcomes. The CIBERSORT algorithm and EcoTyper were applied to quantify the relative abundance of immune cell types and identify variation in cell states for 13 lineages comprising the tumor micro environment among different MECs, respectively. Functional characterization showed that MECs were an indicator of the immune microenvironment and correlated with distinctive mutational characteristics and oncogenic signaling pathways. The novel immune‐related MECs exhibited promising clinical prognostic value and potential for informing DLBCL treatment decisions.
Elotuzumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: Extended follow‐up of a multicenter, retrospective real‐world experience with 321 cases outside of controlled clinical trials
Authors: Martino Enrica Antonia , Palmieri Salvatore , Galli Monica , Derudas Daniele , Mina Roberto , Della Pepa Roberta , Zambello Renato , Vigna Ernesto , Bruzzese Antonella , Mangiacavalli Silvia , Zamagni Elena , Califano Catello , Musso Maurizio , Conticello Concetta , Cerchione Claudio , Mele Giuseppe , Di Renzo Nicola , Offidani Massimo , Tarantini Giuseppe , Casaluci Gloria Margiotta , Rago Angela , Ria Roberto , Uccello Giuseppina , Barilà Gregorio , Palumbo Gaetano , Pettine Loredana , Vincelli Iolanda Donatella , Brunori Marino , Accardi Fabrizio , Amico Valeria , Amendola Angela , Fontana Raffaele , Bongarzoni Velia , Rossini Bernardo , Cotzia Emilia , Gozzetti Alessandro , Rizzi Rita , Sgherza Nicola , Reddiconto Giovanni , Maroccia Antonio , Franceschini Luca , Bertuglia Giuseppe , Nappi Davide , Barbieri Emiliano , Gamberi Barbara , Petrucci Maria Teresa , Di Raimondo Francesco , Neri Antonino , Morabito Fortunato , Musto Pellegrino , Gentile Massimo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe ELOQUENT‐3 trial demonstrated the superiority of the combination of elotuzumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone (EloPd) in terms of efficacy and safety, compared to Pd in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), who had received at least two prior therapies, including lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor. The present study is an 18‐month follow‐up update of a previously published Italian real‐life RRMM cohort of patients treated with EloPd. This revised analysis entered 319 RRMM patients accrued in 41 Italian centers. After a median follow‐up of 17.7 months, 213 patients (66.4%) experienced disease progression or died. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 7.5 and 19.2 months, respectively. The updated multivariate analysis showed a significant reduction of PFS benefit magnitude both in advanced International Staging System (ISS) (II and III) stages and previous exposure to daratumumab cases. Instead, advanced ISS (II and III) stages and more than 2 previous lines of therapy maintained an independent prognostic impact on OS. Major adverse events included grade three‐fourths neutropenia (24.9%), anemia (13.4%), lymphocytopenia (15.5%), and thrombocytopenia (10.7%), while infection rates and pneumonia were 19.3% and 8.7%, respectively. A slight increase in the incidence of neutropenia and lymphocytopenia was registered with longer follow‐up. In conclusion, our real‐world study still confirms that EloPd is a safe and possible therapeutic choice for RRMM. Nevertheless, novel strategies are desirable for those patients exposed to daratumumab.
Umbrella review protocol: Global burden and risk factors of erectile dysfunction in diabetic population
Authors: Kitaw Tegene Atamenta , Abate Biruk Beletew , Tilahun Befkad Derese , Yilak Gizachew , Haile Ribka Nigatu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) is no longer a whisper in the shadows; it's a rising tide threatening the sexual health of millions of men in different regions. This worrying trend shows no signs of slowing down, with projections claiming a staggering 322 million men globally could be affected in the near future. In the cases of diabetes, the condition worsens and has a potent cocktail of physical and psychological distress, chipping away at men's confidence, self‐esteem, and mental health. This urgent issue demands immediate attention and action. Thus, this umbrella review intended to estimate the current burden of ED and associated risk factors among diabetic patients in the global context.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines will be searched for relevant Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis studies in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Google Scholar. The quality of the included studies will be assessed using the new regress tool, the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 tool. To estimate the pooled prevalence of ED, we will employ a weighted inverse variance random‐effects model. We will further conduct subgroup analyses, assess heterogeneity and publication bias, and perform sensitivity analyses to strengthen the robustness of our findings. Prediction intervals will also calculated to estimate the range within which future observations will likely fall. In all statistical analyses, the statistical significance will be declared atpvalue < 0.05.DiscussionThis umbrella review of systemic review and meta‐analysis will be the first to systematically explore and integrate evidence regarding the burden of ED and associated risk factors in the diabetic population in a global context. By estimating the worldwide burden and identifying risk factors of ED in this population, the study will contribute to uncovering the hidden burden. Thereby, the issue will get international attention to reduce its consequences on the sexual health of the diabetic population. Besides, it will also provide input and direction for future research outlook.
MResCaps: Enhancing capsule networks with parallel lanes and residual blocks for high‐performance medical image classification
Authors: Şengül Sümeyra Büşra , Özkan İlker Ali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe classification of medical images enables physicians to perform expeditious and accurate data analysis, increasing the chances of timely disease diagnosis and early intervention to the patient. However, classification is a time‐consuming and labour intensive process when done manually. The Capsule Network (CapsNet) architecture has advantages in accurately and quickly classifying medical images due to its ability to evaluate images within part‐whole relationships, robustness to data rotations and affine transformations, and good performance on small datasets. However, CapsNet may demonstrate low performance on complex datasets. In this study, a new CapsNet model named MResCaps is proposed to overcome this disadvantage and enhance its performance on complex images. MResCaps utilizes an increasing number of residual blocks in each layer in parallel lane to obtain rich feature maps at different levels, aiming to achieve high success in the classification of various medical images. To evaluate the model's performance, the CIFAR10 dataset and the DermaMNIST, PneumoniaMNIST, and OrganMNIST‐S datasets from the MedMNIST dataset collection are used. MResCaps outperformed CapsNet by 20% in terms of accuracy on the CIFAR10 dataset. In addition, AUC values of 96.25%, 96.30%, and 97.12% were achieved in DermaMNIST, PneumoniaMNIST, and OrganMNIST‐S datasets, respectively. The results show that the proposed new model MResCaps improves the performance of CapsNet in the classification of complex and medical images. Furthermore, the model has demonstrated a better performance in comparison with extant studies in the literature. This study aims to contribute significantly to the literature by introducing a novel perspective on CapsNet‐based architectures for the classification of medical images through a parallel‐laned architecture and a rich feature capsule‐focused approach.
Robust nuclei segmentation with encoder‐decoder network from the histopathological images
Authors: Gour Mahesh , Jain Sweta , Kumar T. Sunil 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNuclei segmentation is a prerequisite and an essential step in cancer detection and prognosis. Automatic nuclei segmentation from the histopathological images is challenging due to nuclear overlap, disease types, chromatic stain variability, and cytoplasmic morphology differences. Furthermore, it is demanding to develop a single accurate method for segmenting nuclei of different organs because of the diversity in nuclei size, shape, and appearance across the various organs. To address these challenges, we developed a robust Encoder‐Decoder network for nuclei segmentation from the multi‐organ histopathological images. In this approach, we utilize a pre‐trained EfficientNet‐B4 as an Encoder subnetwork and design a new Decoder subnetwork architecture. Additionally, we have applied morphological operation‐based post‐processing to improve the segmentation results. The performance of our approach has been evaluated on three public datasets, namely, Kumar, TNBC, and CPM‐17 datasets, which contain histopathological images of seven organs, one organ, and four organs, respectively. The proposed method achieved an aggregated Jacquard index of 0.636, 0.611, and 0.706 on Kumar, TNBC, and CPM‐17 datasets, respectively. Our proposed approach also shows superiority over the existing methods.
Um, so, like, do speech disfluencies matter? A parametric evaluation of filler sounds and words
Authors: Laske Matthew M. , DiGennaro Reed Florence D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated how speech disfluencies affect perceived speaker effectiveness. Speeches with filler sounds and filler words at different rates of disfluencies (i.e., 0, 2, 5, and 12 per minute) were created and evaluated by a crowdsourcing service for survey‐based research for the speaker's public speaking performance. Increased disfluencies, particularly filler sounds, significantly affected perceptions across most categories, notably at higher rates of filler sounds (i.e., 12 per minute). A low, but nonzero, rate of disfluencies (5 per minute) did not adversely affect perceived effectiveness. These findings suggest that although reducing filler sounds is crucial for optimizing perceived speaking effectiveness, a rate of five or fewer disfluencies per minute may be acceptable.
Development and characterization of antacid microcapsules to buffer the acidic intervertebral disc microenvironment
Authors: Gansau Jennifer , McDonnell Emily E. , Buckley Conor T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDuring intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, microenvironmental challenges such as decreasing levels of glucose, oxygen, and pH play crucial roles in cell survival and matrix turnover. Antacids, such as Mg(OH)2 and CaCO3, entrapped in microcapsules are capable of neutralizing acidic microenvironments in a controlled fashion and therefore may offer the potential to improve the acidic niche of the degenerated IVD and enhance cell‐based regeneration strategies. The objectives of this work were, first, to develop and characterize antacid microcapsules and assess their neutralization capacity in an acidic microenvironment and, second, to combine antacid microcapsules with cellular microcapsules in a hybrid gel system to investigate their neutralization effect as a potential therapeutic in a disc explant model. To achieve this, we screened five different pH‐ neutralizing agents (Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2, CaCO3, and HEPES) in terms of their pH neutralization capacities, with Mg(OH)2 or CaCO3 being carried forward for further investigation. Antacid‐alginate microcapsules were formed at different concentrations using the electrohydrodynamic spraying process and assessed in terms of size, buffering kinetics, cell compatibility, and cytotoxicity. Finally, the combination of cellular microcapsules and antacid capsules was examined in a bovine disc explant model under physiological degenerative conditions. Overall, CaCO3 was found to be superior in terms of neutralization capacities, release kinetics, and cellular response. Specifically, CaCO3 elevated the acidic pH to neutral levels and is estimated to be maintained for several weeks based on Ca2+ release. Using a disc explant model, it was demonstrated that CaCO3 microcapsules were capable of increasing the local pH within the core of a hybrid cellular gel system. This work highlights the potential of antacid microcapsules to positively alter the challenging acidic microenvironment conditions typically observed in degenerative disc disease, which may be used in conjunction with cell therapies to augment regeneration.
Organic amendments temporarily change arsenic speciation and bioaccessibility in a lead and arsenic co‐contaminated urban soil
Authors: Attanayake Chammi P. , Hettiarachchi Ganga M. , Dissanayake Aishika I. , Ma Qing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganic amendments often reduce the bioaccessibility of soil lead (Pb) but not that of soil arsenic (As). The effect of Pb on As bioaccessibility is rarely studied in co‐contaminated soils. In a field study, we assessed the effect of mushroom compost, leaf compost, noncomposted biosolids, and composted biosolids amendments on As speciation in a co‐contaminated (As and Pb) soil at 7, 349, and 642 days after amending soils and the change of As speciation during an in vitro bioaccessibility extraction (gastric solution, pH 2.5) using bulk X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy. Soil was contaminated by coal combustion and other diffuse sources and had low As bioaccessibility (7%–12%). Unamended soil had As(III) sorbed onto pyrite (As(III)‐pyrite; ∼60%) and As(V) adsorbed onto Fe oxy(hydr)oxides (As(V)‐Fh; ∼40%). In amended soils, except in composted biosolids‐amended soils, at 7 days, As(V)‐Fh decreased to 15%–26% and redistributed into As(III)‐Fh and/or As(III)‐pyrite. This transformation was most pronounced in mushroom compost amended soil resulting in a significant (46%) increase of As bioaccessibility compared to the unamended soil. Composted biosolids‐amended soils had relatively stable As(V)‐Fh. Lead arsenate formed during the in vitro extraction in amended soils, except in composted biosolids‐amended soils. Arsenic speciation and bioaccessibility were similar in 349‐ and 642‐day in all the amended and unamended soils. Reduction of As(V)‐Fh to As(III) forms in the short term in three of the amended soils showed the potential to increase As bioaccessibility. The formation of stable lead arsenate during the in vitro extraction would counteract the short‐term increase of As bioaccessibility in those amended soils.
Chemo‐small extracellular vesicles released in cisplatin‐resistance ovarian cancer cells are regulated by the lysosomal function
Authors: Cerda‐Troncoso Cristóbal , Grünenwald Felipe , Arias‐Muñoz Eloísa , Cavieres Viviana A. , Caceres‐Verschae Albano , Hernández Sergio , Gaete‐Ramírez Belén , Álvarez‐Astudillo Francisca , Acuña Rodrigo A. , Ostrowski Matias , Burgos Patricia V. , Varas‐Godoy Manuel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChemoresistance is a common problem in ovarian cancer (OvCa) treatment, where resistant cells, in response to chemotherapy, secrete small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), known as chemo‐sEVs, that transfer resistance to recipient cells. sEVs are formed as intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within multivesicular endosomes (MVEs), whose trafficking is regulated by Ras‐associated binding (RAB) GTPases that mediate sEVs secretion or lysosomal degradation. A decrease in lysosomal function can promote sEVs secretion, but the relationship between MVEs trafficking pathways and sEVs secretion in OvCa chemoresistance is unclear. Here, we show that A2780cis cisplatin (CCDP) resistant OvCa cells had an increased number of MVEs and ILVs structures, higher levels of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRTs) machinery components, and RAB27A compared to A2780 CDDP‐sensitive OvCa cells. CDDP promoted the secretion of chemo‐sEVs in A2780cis cells, enriched in DNA damage response proteins. A2780cis cells exhibited poor lysosomal function with reduced levels of RAB7, essential in MVEs‐Lysosomal trafficking. The silencing of RAB27A in A2780cis cells prevents the Chemo‐EVs secretion, reduces its chemoresistance and restores lysosomal function and levels of RAB7, switching them into an A2780‐like cellular phenotype. Enhancing lysosomal function with rapamycin reduced chemo‐sEVs secretion. Our results suggest that adjusting the balance between secretory MVEs and lysosomal MVEs trafficking could be a promising strategy for overcoming CDDP chemoresistance in OvCa.
Microwave‐enhanced heterocyclization: A convenient procedure for 1,5‐benzothiazepine using 2‐ethoxy ethanol solvent and its antibacterial potential
Authors: Kottapalle Gajanan , Jadhav Dayanand , Poul Pravin , Shinde Avinash 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present research study involves synthesis of 1,5‐benzothiazepines has been prepared, derived from chalcones and 2‐aminothiophenol in a catalytic amount of piperidine using different solvent conditions under microwave irradiation procedure with the aim to test their antibacterial activity and effect of different solvents in the synthesis. It resulted in good yield of 1,5‐benzothiazepines (3a‐j) and proved to be an efficient and environmentally benign procedure. The synthesized compounds were characterized by conventional spectral data and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against four pathogenic bacteria using agar diffusion method. The traditional classical heating method takes more reaction time. So, in this study, we have tested microwave irradiation process and found that 2‐ethoxy ethanol as an alternative solvent in reducing the reaction time (up to 4–6 min.) with high yield as compared with classical method. The synthesized compounds 3a, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3 h, 3i, 3j exhibit good to moderate antibacterial activity.
Preparation of carboxyl‐functionalized silica core‐shell microspheres and their applications in weak cation exchange chromatography, heavy metal removal, and lysozyme enrichment
Authors: Ahmed Shadi Ali Hassen , Saif Bassam , LingHui Qian 
Published: May 2024

Chromatography is a technique of separation based on adsorption and/or interaction of target molecules with stationary phases. Herein, we report the design and fabrication of BTDA@SiO2 core‐shell microspheres as a new class of stationary phase and demonstrate its impressive performance for chromatographic separations. The silica microspheres of BTDA@SiO2 were synthesized by in situ method with 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxaldehyde and 3,5‐diaminobenzoic to separate peptides and proteins on high‐performance liquid chromatography. The BTDA@SiO2 core‐shell structure has a high specific surface area and retention factor of 4.27 and 8.31 for anionic and cationic peptides, respectively. The separation factor and resolution were high as well. A typical chromatogram illustrated nearly baseline resolution of the two peptides in less than 3 min. The BTDA@SiO2 was also highly stable in the pH range of 1 to 14. Furthermore, the prepared BTDA@SiO2 core‐shell material not only be used for chromatographic separation but also as heavy metal removal from water. Using a BTDA@SiO2, we also achieved a lysozyme enrichment with a maximum saturated adsorption capacity reaching 714 mg/g. In summary, BTDA@SiO2 has great application prospects and significance in separation and purification systems.