bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global patterns of marine turtle bycatch
Authors: Wallace Bryan P. , Lewison Rebecca L. , McDonald Sara L. , McDonald Richard K. , Kot Connie Y. , Kelez Shaleyla , Bjorkland Rhema K. , Finkbeiner Elena M. , Helmbrecht S’rai , Crowder Larry B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFisheries bycatch is a primary driver of population declines in several species of marine megafauna (e.g., elasmobranchs, mammals, seabirds, turtles). Characterizing the global bycatch seascape using data on bycatch rates across fisheries is essential for highlighting conservation priorities. We compiled a comprehensive database of reported data on marine turtle bycatch in gillnet, longline, and trawl fisheries worldwide from 1990 to 2008. The total reported global marine turtle bycatch was ∼85,000 turtles, but due to the small percentage of fishing effort observed and reported (typically <1% of total fleets), and to a global lack of bycatch information from small‐scale fisheries, this likely underestimates the true total by at least two orders of magnitude. Our synthesis also highlights an apparently universal pattern across fishing gears and regions where high bycatch rates were associated with low observed effort, which emphasizes the need for strategic bycatch data collection and reporting. This study provides the first global perspective of fisheries bycatch for marine turtles and highlights region–gear combinations that warrant urgent conservation action (e.g., gillnets, longlines, and trawls in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Pacific Ocean) and region–gear combinations in need of enhanced observation and reporting efforts (e.g., eastern Indian Ocean gillnets, West African trawls).
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: diagnostic criteria, classification and epidemiological features
Authors: COX Sally , LIMAYE Vidya , HILL Catherine , BLUMBERGS Peter , ROBERTS‐THOMSON Peter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIdiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of rare autoimmune disorders characterized by muscle inflammation and progressive weakness. The cause of IIM is unclear but it is believed that disease expression may be triggered by unknown factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical, laboratory and electromyography findings. Muscle biopsy is the definitive diagnostic test. Research into IIM has been limited by the rarity of the disease, a somewhat insidious onset, difficulties with classification and diagnostic methods and heterogeneous study populations making cross‐study evaluations difficult. This paper reviews the diagnostic and classification criteria of the IIM and examines epidemiological studies that have been performed, focusing on demographics.
Parvovirus B19 infection and severe anaemia in Kenyan children: a retrospective case control study
Authors: Wildig James , Cossart Yvonne , Peshu Norbert , Gicheru Nimmo , Tuju James , Williams Thomas N , Newton Charles R 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
During acute Human parvovirus B19 (B19) infection a transient reduction in blood haemoglobin concentration is induced, due to a 5-7 day cessation of red cell production. This can precipitate severe anaemia in subjects with a range of pre-existing conditions. Of the disease markers that occur during B19 infection, high IgM levels occur closest in time to the maximum reduction in haemoglobin concentration. Previous studies of the contribution of B19 to severe anaemia among young children in Africa have yielded varied results. This retrospective case/control study seeks to ascertain the proportion of severe anaemia cases precipitated by B19 among young children admitted to a Kenyan district hospital.

Methods
Archival blood samples from 264 children under 6 years with severe anaemia admitted to a Kenyan District Hospital, between 1999 and 2004, and 264 matched controls, were tested for B19 IgM by Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay and 198 of these pairs were tested for B19 DNA by PCR. 536 samples were also tested for the presence of B19 IgG.

Results
7 (2.7%) cases and 0 (0%) controls had high B19 IgM levels (Optical Density > 5 × cut-off value) (McNemar's exact test p = 0.01563), indicating a significant association with severe anaemia. The majority of strongly IgM positive cases occurred in 2003.
10/264 (3.7%) cases compared to 5/264 (1.9%) controls tested positive for B19 IgM. This difference was not statistically significant, odds ratio (OR) = 2.00 (CI95 [0.62, 6.06], McNemar's exact test p = 0.3018. There was no significant difference between cases and controls in the B19 IgG (35 (14.8%) vs 32 (13.6%)), OR = 1.103 (CI95 [0.66, 1.89], McNemar's exact test, p = 0.7982), or the detection of the B19 DNA (6 (3.0%) vs 5 (2.5%)), OR = 1.2 (CI95 [0.33, 4.01], McNemar's exact test p = 1).

Conclusions
High B19 IgM levels were significantly associated with severe anaemia, being found only among the cases. This suggests that 7/264 (2.7%) of cases of severe anaemia in the population of children admitted to KDH were precipitated by B19. While this is a relatively small proportion, this has to be evaluated in the light of the IgG data that shows that less than 15% of children in the study were exposed to B19, a figure much lower than reported in other tropical areas.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibits IGF-I Signaling and Protein Synthesis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Stimulation of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 S794 and Tuberous Sclerosis 2 S1345 Phosphorylation
Authors: Ning Junyu , Clemmons David R. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits IGF-I actions, but the mechanism by which AMPK functions is undefined. This study identified signaling events that were induced by AMPK that mediated inhibition of IGF-I-stimulated phosphoinosotide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway activation. The AMPK activator metformin stimulated AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation and inhibited IGF-I-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt/tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6 kinase (p70S6K). Expression of constitutively active forms of AMPK suppressed IGF-I-stimulated activation of Akt/TSC2/mTOR/p70S6K and protein synthesis, whereas AMPK knockdown resulted in enhanced responses to IGF-I. To determine the mechanism by which AMPK inhibited IGF-I signaling, the role of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) was examined. Both metformin and constitutively activated AMPK enhanced phosphorylation of IRS-1 Ser794, which led to decreased IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and recruitment of the p85 subunit of PI3K. Overexpression of IRS-1 S794A was associated with increased IGF-I-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, p85 association, and protein synthesis. To determine whether other signaling molecules mediated the effect of AMPK, TSC2 function was examined. Cells overexpressing TSC2/S1345A (the site of AMPK phosphorylation) were less responsive to metformin-induced inhibition of p70S6 kinase. These findings are relevant to whole animal physiology because administration of metformin to mice resulted in inhibition of IGF-I-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR/p70S6K. In conclusion, AMPK functions to inhibit IGF-I-stimulated PI3K pathway activation through stimulation of IRS-1 serine 794 phosphorylation. Because IGF-I is an important stimulant of the anabolic response, this effect of AMPK could account for part of its inhibitory effect on protein synthesis, thus allowing more efficient energy use by other cellular processes.
Synthesis of N,N′-Bis(thioacetoxyalkoxy)piperazine and Its Self-assembled Monolayer (SAM) Formation on Gold Electrode
Authors: Xi Haitao , Ju Shenglan , Chen Zhidong , Sun Xiaoqiang 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A novel terminal thioacetate-substitued alkoxy piperazine was successfully synthesized from 4-(benzyloxy)phenol after six-step reaction and employed as the surface-active material in fabrication of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Cyclic voltammetric (CV) results showed that the SAM-modified gold electrode had special capacity in recognition for Fe3+.
Preparation of Nonporous Carbon-based Sorbent from Sucrose
Authors: Zhang Deyi , Luo Heming , Wang Yi , Feng Huixia 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A nonporous carbon-based sorbent was obtained by partial carbonization of sucrose utilizing the dehydration effect of concentrated sulfuric acid. The BET specific surface area of the reported sorbent only is 0.6 m2 g−1, but it exhibits excellent adsorbability. Differently from active carbon, oxygen groups, such as hydroxy groups and carboxyl groups, are main active adsorption sites of the reported sorbent.
Synthesis of 3-D Ordered Macroporous MxH3−xPW12O40 (M = Cs+ and NH4+): Trimodal Mirco-, Meso-, and Macropores in CsxH3−xPW12O40 Material
Authors: Sasaki Keisuke , Sadakane Masahiro , Ninomiya Wataru , Ueda Wataru 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
3-D ordered macroporous (3DOM) crystalline CsxH3−xPW12O40 and (NH4)xH3−xPW12O40 were synthesized by a colloidal crystal template method. CsxH3−xPW12O40 and (NH4)xH3−xPW12O40 were deposited in the voids of templates by a two-step impregnation process and homogeneous precipitation, respectively, and polymer templates were removed by subsequent calcination. 3DOM crystalline CsxH3−xPW12O40 exhibits trimodal micro-, meso-, and macroporosity.
Energy-storable Dye-sensitized Solar Cells with Interdigitated Nafion/Polypyrrole–Pt Comb-like Electrodes
Authors: Saito Yosuke , Ogawa Akira , Uchida Satoshi , Kubo Takaya , Segawa Hiroshi 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A single plate storage battery composed of Nafion-coated polypyrrole and I3−,I−|Pt electrodes in an interdigitated comb-like structure was set in an energy-storable dye-sensitized solar cell (ES-DSSC). The new ES-DSSC has a simple electrochemical cell structure having a single electrolyte with a typical photoanode and a dual functional electrode assembly.
Real-Time Diagnosis Method of Compaction State of Subgrade during Dynamic Compaction
Authors: Cui Xinzhuang 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Dynamic compaction (DC) has become a popular method for deep improvement of subgrade. Dynamic settlement is often used as the termination index of DC. However, the index is external and experiential and cannot directly reflect the compaction state of a soil mass. In this regard, this paper presents a method for a real-time diagnosis of compaction state of subgrade, which is based on the analysis of dynamic pore pressure and dynamic soil stress induced by the impact of tamper weight. A field test was conducted to measure the dynamic pore water pressure and soil stress in a road subgrade under DC for expressway widening. After a certain number of compactions, the amplitudes of dynamic stress and pore pressure were stabilized and correlated well with both the compaction degree of soil and the dynamic settlement of ground. The dynamic response of the subgrade under different impact number reflects the variation of stiffness and strength of soil. With the findings the method for determining the optimum compaction number and the optimum single impact energy was presented.
Detailing Masonry Veneer/Steel Stud Backup Systems at Fenestration Systems to Avoid Moisture Problems
Authors: Krogstad Norbert V. , Weber Richard A. , Huhtala Michael J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Through more than 20 years of investigating water leakage and condensation problems, the authors have observed that a high percentage of moisture problems related to masonry walls are associated with the interface between masonry veneer and fenestration systems. These problems are often associated with wall systems in aggressive exposures where the drainage system and air seal details at interfaces are not adequately considered by the designers and contractors. In many cases, drainage systems are not provided or not properly installed at joints between these systems. Air barriers and vapor retarders often are not sealed to fenestration systems or contain voids that permit the flow of air into the wall system. Problems can occur when anchors, lintels, support angles, and sill flashings are either not thermally improved or where the location of thermal breaks is not coordinated with the location of insulation within the walls. This paper outlines considerations for detailing the interface between masonry veneer over steel stud wall systems and fenestration systems. The fenestration systems reviewed in this paper include typical storefront or operable windows and curtain walls. Both masonry systems with the insulation positioned within the stud space and systems with the insulation positioned within the masonry air space are discussed.
Illness in Children After International Travel: Analysis From the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network
Authors: Hagmann Stefan , Neugebauer Richard , Schwartz Eli , Perret Cecilia , Castelli Francesco , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Stauffer William M. ,   for the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE:
By using a large, multicenter database, we investigated the characteristics and morbidities of 1591 children returning from 218 global destinations and presenting for care in 19 countries.

METHODS:
Data reported to the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network between January 1997 and November 2007 were analyzed, to assess demographic features, travel characteristics, and clinical diagnoses of ill pediatric travelers. Data were compared between children and adults and among 3 pediatric age groups (0–5 years, 6–11 years, and 12–17 years).

RESULTS:
Children were predominantly tourist travelers returning from Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, or Latin America. Compared with adults, children disproportionately presented within 7 days after return, required hospitalization, lacked pretravel health advice, and had traveled for the purpose of visiting friends and relatives. Diarrhea (28%), dermatologic conditions (25%), systemic febrile illnesses (23%), and respiratory disorders (11%) accounted for the majority of diagnoses reported for children. No fatalities were reported. Diarrhea occurred disproportionately among children after exposure to the Middle East/North Africa, dermatologic conditions after exposure to Latin America, systemic febrile illnesses after exposure to sub-Saharan Africa or Asia, and respiratory disorders after exposure to Europe or North America. The proportionate morbidity rates of travel-associated diseases differed among the pediatric age groups and between children and adults.

CONCLUSIONS:
The health care utilization patterns before and after travel and the profiles of travel-associated health problems differed between children and adults. Health professionals providing pretravel advice need to consider destination- and age-specific susceptibility to travel-related morbidities and develop prevention strategies accordingly.
Seasonal Estimates of Fish Biomass and Length Distributions Using Acoustics and Traditional Nets to Identify Estuarine Habitat Preferences in Barataria Bay, Louisiana
Authors: Boswell Kevin M. , Wilson Matthew P. , MacRae Pamela S. D. , Wilson Charles A. , Cowan James H. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We conducted hydroacoustic, gill-net, and push trawl surveys to quantify changes in habitat-specific fish size and biomass in shallow (&lt;2-m) estuarine waters of Barataria Bay, Louisiana, in order to evaluate essential fish habitat. Surveys were conducted monthly between June 2003 and May 2004 among regions located along a north—south salinity gradient. The fish length distributions derived from the gill-net and push trawl catches showed moderate concordance with the measured target strength distributions, indicating that our integrated approach more effectively characterized the fish community than using only a single gear type would have. Acoustic estimates showed that biomass was highest during fall (mean ± SE; 2.30 ± 0.27 g/m3) and next highest in spring (1.49 ± 0.20 g/m3), with relatively low biomass during summer (0.70 ± 0.14 g/m3) and winter (0.86 ± 0.14 g/m3); pelagic fish biomass from nets was low during winter (53.9 ± 14.9 grams per unit effort [gpue]) but relatively high in fall (846.1 ± 207.2 gpue), spring (774.3 ± 175.5 gpue), and summer (620.3 ± 140.7 gpue). Oyster habitat supported a greater biomass of pelagic fish (acoustic survey: 1.54 ± 0.15 g/m3; gill-net survey: 467.3 ± 81.0 gpue) than soft-bottom habitat (acoustic: 0.94 ± 0.11 g/m3; gill-net: 315.2 ± 54.8 gpue). Among regions, the greatest biomass of pelagic fish was observed at polyhaline stations (acoustic: 1.78 ± 0.19 g/m3; gill-net: 654.3 ± 136.5 gpue), followed by mesohaline (acoustic: 1.18 ± 0.15 g/m3; gill-net: 378.5 ± 79.1 gpue) and oligohaline stations (acoustic: 0.82 ± 0.12 g/m3; gill-net: 228.3 ± 50.2 gpue). Gill-net biomass was linearly related to the acoustic biomass estimates of small pelagic fish. The complementary, multigear approach proved to be useful in evaluating habitat use and may be particularly helpful in identifying and monitoring ecosystem reference points to evaluate change and in standardizing ecosystem-based assessment approaches.
Reproductive Characteristics and Mortality of Female Giant Grenadiers in the Northern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Rodgveller C. J. , Clausen D. M. , Nagler J. J. , Hutchinson C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Giant grenadiers Albatrossia pectoralis are caught as bycatch in deep-sea commercial fisheries in relatively large numbers. The population appears to be stable, although there is no directed fishery, catch limits, or reporting requirements. The purpose of our study was to describe and quantify the reproductive life history characteristics and natural mortality of female giant grenadiers. During the summers of 2004 and 2006, a total of 338 specimens were collected from the Gulf of Alaska. Every phase of reproductive development was found, suggesting a protracted annual spawning season. An ovarian wall thickness technique was used to successfully place 31% (n = 24) of the fish with an unknown maturity status into a known category. Female age at 50% maturity was 22.9 years, and preanal fin length at 50% maturity was 26 cm. Total fecundity ranged from 35,000 to 231,000 oocytes (mean = 106,761), with a mean mature oocyte diameter of 1.26 mm. We developed a new technique for preparing otoliths for age determination by grinding off the distal surface to elucidate the growth zones; age ranged from 14 to 58 years. Estimates of natural female mortality ranged from 0.052 to 0.079 and estimates of total female mortality from 0.061 to 0.149. This life history information will be essential for future management of giant grenadier populations in the North Pacific Ocean.
A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized‐Controlled 5‐Year Study of Hybrid and Fully Etched Implants for the Incidence of Peri‐Implantitis
Authors: Zetterqvist Lars , Feldman Sylvan , Rotter Bruce , Vincenzi Giampaolo , Wennström Jan L. , Chierico Andrea , Stach Renée M. , Kenealy James N. 
Published: April 2010

Background: The dual acid‐etched (DAE) implant was commercially introduced in 1996 with a hybrid design incorporating a machined surface in the coronal region from approximately the third thread to the seating surface. This design was intended to reduce the risks of peri‐implantitis and other related soft tissue complications that were reported for implants with surface roughness in the coronal region. The objective of this prospective, randomized‐controlled clinical trial was to determine the incidence of peri‐implantitis for a fully etched implant with the DAE surface extending to the implant platform.Methods: Patients had implant sites randomly assigned to receive one hybrid control implant and at least one fully etched test implant in support of a short‐span fixed restoration to ensure that variables (e.g., demographics, jaw locations, and bone density) were consistent between groups. Prostheses were inserted 2 months after implant placement with follow‐up evaluations scheduled annually for 5 years to assess mucosal health based on bleeding on probing, suppuration, and probing depths. Evaluations also included radiographic and mobility assessments.Results: One hundred twelve patients who were enrolled at seven centers received 139 control and 165 test implants (total: 304 implants). With >5 years of postloading evaluations, there was one declaration of peri‐implantitis associated with a control implant that was successfully treated later. Clinical probing and radiographic assessments did not reveal differences between groups in mucosal health outcomes or other signs of peri‐implantitis.Conclusion: Five‐year results of this randomized‐controlled study showed no increased risk of peri‐implantitis for fully etched implants compared to hybrid‐designed implants.
Periodontal Disease and Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in Survivors of Myocardial Infarction (MI): The Western New York Acute MI Study
Authors: Dorn Joan M. , Genco Robert J. , Grossi Sara G. , Falkner Karen L. , Hovey Kathleen M. , Iacoviello Licia , Trevisan Maurizio 
Published: April 2010

Background: Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been the focus of much research, but little is known about their roles in the recurrent event risk in patients with CVD. This study investigates whether periodontal disease is related to recurrent CVD events and mortality in survivors of incident myocardial infarction (MI).Methods: Participants (668 males and 216 females; mean age: 54 ± 8.5 years) were recruited (1997 through 2004) from two western New York county hospitals and completed an interviewer‐administered questionnaire regarding lifestyle habits, clinical measurements, and a comprehensive dental examination. The periodontal disease status was measured by the mean clinical attachment loss (AL). Follow‐up surveys assessed hospitalizations or medical procedures; cardiovascular events were validated by medical records. A National Death Index (NDI) Plus search was conducted. The outcome was recurrent fatal and non‐fatal cardiovascular events (International Classification of Diseases codes 390 to 450).Results: After an average follow‐up of 2.9 years, 154 events were reported. Among never‐smokers, the adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for the mean clinical AL (millimeters) was 1.43 (1.09 to 1.89). No associations were found in ever‐smokers (clinical AL by smoking interaction: P <0.05).Conclusion: These findings indicate that periodontal disease may be an important factor in determining recurrent cardiovascular events in MI patients and not merely a marker for the effects of cigarette smoking.