bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ultrasound on acetylcholinesterase activity inHelicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Zha Yu-Ping , Xu Fen , Chen Qi-Cai , Lei Chao-Liang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIt is well known that noctuid moths respond to ultrasound frequencies produced by insectivorous bats performing a series of evasive maneuvers such as loops, dives, rolls, and turns. Certain ultrasound frequencies may be considered an environmental stress factor for these moths, causing physiological and behavioral effects. We investigated changes in acetylcholinesterase activity ofHelicoverpa armigera(Hübner) exposed to ultrasound produced from a commercial device (LHC20). Our results indicated that stress effects on acetylcholinesterase activity resulting from exposure to ultrasound do not differ according to sex, but effects on different developmental stages ofH. armigeradiffer significantly depending on duration of exposure.Enzyme activity increased in adults after 20 min exposure to ultrasound and decreased in pupae after 30 and 50 min exposure. Enzyme activity in larvae was reduced after 20 min and increased after 40 and 60 min. The results of this study also indicate that stress caused by exposure to ultrasound could modulate the cholinergic system inH. armigera.
Two non-destructive techniques for determining the sex of live adult Hylobius warreni
Authors: Öhrn Petter , Klingenberg Matthew , Hopkins Gareth , Björklund Niklas 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo non-destructive sexing techniques suitable for use in the field and laboratory are described, and tested with the Warren root collar weevil, Hylobius warreni Wood (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). On the second visible abdominal sternite of males is a longitudinal depression that is absent on females. In addition, setae on the last visible abdominal sternite of females are arranged longitudinally; setae on males are arranged radially. For the first character, accuracy was 90% and sex could be determined without the aid of magnification. The latter character was slightly more reliable, at 95% accuracy, but required at least 12× magnification.
A new species and taxonomic notes on northern Nearctic Cerodontha(Icteromyza) (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
Authors: Boucher Stéphanie 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCerodontha(Icteromyza)pilosan. sp.is described from the Yukon Territory. The Palaearctic speciesC.(I.)lineella(Zetterstedt) is recorded for the first time in North America, based on specimens from northern Canada and Alaska, andC.(I.)pollinosa(Melander) is synonymized withC. lineella.Cerodontha pilosais most similar toC.(I.)longipennis(Loew) andC.(I.)lineella. Distinguishing characters and a modification of Spencer’s key to Canadian species ofCerodonthaare given to separate these species.
Prevalence of four species of egg parasitoids attacking tabanid eggs in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Iranpour Mohmood , Galloway Terry D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEgg masses of the horse fly, Hybomitra nitidifrons nuda (McDunnough), and the deer fly, Chrysops aestuans Wulp (Diptera: Tabanidae), were collected during the summers of 1996–2000 from five different locations in southern Manitoba. On average, hymenopterous egg parasitoids were reared from more than 90% of collected egg masses. Telenomus hybomitrae Iranpour and Galloway and (or) Telenomus utilis Iranpour and Galloway (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae: Telenominae) emerged from multilayered egg masses of H. n. nuda. However, Trichogramma semblidis (Aurivillius) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and (or) Telenomus chrysopsis Iranpour and Galloway were reared from single-layered egg masses of C. aestuans. In H. n. nuda egg masses, more than 33% of individual eggs were parasitized and more than an additional 35% were apparently damaged by the two telenomine parasitoids. In C. aestuans egg masses, approximately 40% of individual eggs were parasitized and 18% produced neither parasitoids nor larvae.
One‐Pot Preparation of Polymer–Enzyme–Metallic Nanoparticle Composite Films for High‐Performance Biosensing of Glucose and Galactose
Authors: Fu Yingchun , Li Penghao , Xie Qingji , Xu Xiahong , Lei Lihong , Chen Chao , Zou Can , Deng Wenfang , Yao Shouzhuo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNew polymer–enzyme–metallic nanoparticle composite films with a high‐load and a high‐activity of immobilized enzymes and obvious electrocatalysis/nano‐enhancement effects for biosensing of glucose and galactose are designed and prepared by a one‐pot chemical pre‐synthesis/electropolymerization (CPSE) protocol. Dopamine (DA) as a reductant and a monomer, glucose oxidase (GOx) or galactose oxidase (GaOx) as the enzyme, and HAuCl4 or H2PtCl6 as an oxidant to trigger DA polymerization and the source of metallic nanoparticles, are mixed to yield polymeric bionanocomposites (PBNCs), which are then anchored on the electrode by electropolymerization of the remaining DA monomer. The prepared PBNC material has good biocompatibility, a highly uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution, and high load/activity of the immobilized enzymes, as verified by transmission/scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The thus‐prepared enzyme electrodes show a largely improved amperometric biosensing performance, e.g., a very high detection sensitivity (99 or 129 µA cm−2 mM−1 for glucose for Pt PBNCs on bare or platinized Au), a sub‐micromolar limit of detection for glucose, and an excellent durability, in comparison with those based on conventional procedures. Also, the PBNC‐based enzyme electrodes work well in the second‐generation biosensing mode. The proposed one‐pot CPSE protocol may be extended to the preparation of many other functionalized PBNCs for wide applications.
Beam to String Transition of Vibrating Carbon Nanotubes Under Axial Tension
Authors: Wei Xianlong , Chen Qing , Xu Shengyong , Peng Lianmao , Zuo Jianmin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art nanoelectromechanical systems have been demonstrated in recent years using carbon nanotube (CNT) based devices, where the vibration of CNTs is tuned by tension induced through external electrical fields. However, the vibration properties of CNTs under axial tension have not been quantitatively determined in experiments. Here, a novel in situ method for precise and simultaneous measurement of the resonance frequency, the axial tension applied to individual CNTs and the tube geometry is demonstrated. A gradual beam‐to‐string transition from multi‐walled CNTs to single‐walled CNTs is observed with the crossover from bending rigidity dominant regime to extensional rigidity dominant regime occur much larger than that expected by previous theoretical work. Both the tube resonance frequency under tension and transition of vibration behavior from beam to string are surprisingly well fitted by the continuum beam theory. In the limit of a string, the vibration of a CNT is independent of its own stiffness, and a force sensitivity as large as 0.25 MHz (pN)−1 is demonstrated using a 2.2 nm diameter single‐walled CNT. These results will allow for the designs of CNT resonators with tailored properties.
Contributions of A. Roberto Frisancho to human population biology: An introduction
Authors: Leonard William R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOver the span of his career, A. Roberto Frisancho has been one of the prime architects of the development and expansion of human population biology. His research and scholarly publications have helped to move the field beyond simple descriptions of human variation to address the nature and evolutionary origins of human biological diversity. Frisancho's early work in the Peruvian Andes elegantly demonstrated the importance of developmental acclimatization for promoting adaptive responses to the multiple stressors of high‐altitude environments. Since mid‐1970s, he has played a major role in developing and expanding the use of anthropometric techniques for assessing physical growth and nutritional status. Frisancho's influential publications have helped to make the use of anthropometric methods commonplace in the fields of nutritional science and public health. Throughout his career, Frisancho's work has examined how environmental, genetic, and developmental factors interact to influence human health and nutritional status. His research has addressed topics ranging from the determinants of low‐birth weight infants in teenage mothers to the origins of obesity and associated metabolic diseases in populations of the developing world. Both the breadth and impact of Frisancho's work have been truly remarkable. The field of human population biology owes much to the tremendous contributions of A. Roberto Frisancho. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproduction and lifespan: Trade‐offs, overall energy budgets, intergenerational costs, and costs neglected by research
Authors: Jasienska Grazyna 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn human females allocation of resources to support reproduction may cause their insufficient supply to other metabolic functions, resulting in compromised physiology, increased risks of diseases and, consequently, reduced lifespan. While many studies on both historical and contemporary populations show that women with high fertility indeed have shorter lifespans. This relationship is far from universal: a lack of correlation between fertility and lifespan, or even an increased lifespan of women with high fertility have also been documented. Reduced lifespan in women with high fertility may be undetectable due to methodological weaknesses of research or it may be truly absent, and its absence may be explained from biological principles. I will discuss the following reasons for a lack of the negative relationship, described in some demographic studies, between the number of children and lifespan in women: (1) Number of children is only a proxy of the total costs of reproduction and the cost of breastfeeding is often higher than the pregnancy cost but is often not taken into account. (2) Costs of reproduction can be interpreted in a meaningful way only when they are analyzed in relation to the overall energy budget of the woman. (3) Trade‐offs between risks of different diseases due to reproduction yield different mortality predictions depending on the socio‐economic status of the studied populations. (4) Costs of reproduction are related not only to having children but also to having grandchildren. Such intergenerational costs should be included in analysis of trade‐offs between costs of reproduction and longevity. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological abnormalities in children with thyroidal congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Kempers Marlies J.E. , Ozgen Heval M. , Vulsma Thomas , Merks Johannes H. , Zwinderman Koos H. , de Vijlder Jan J.M. , Hennekam Raoul C.M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSeveral groups of investigators have reported an increased incidence of congenital anomalies in patients with congenital hypothyroidism. Furthermore, in patients with congenital hypothyroidism and mutations in genes known to be involved in thyroid development, specific extra‐thyroidal abnormalities have been observed. The goal of the present study was to gain insight in the types and patterns of morphological characteristics depending on the type of congenital hypothyroidism of thyroidal origin (CH‐T). In 242 Dutch CH‐T patients with a thyroid agenesis, a dystopic thyroid rudiment or a eutopic thyroid gland, we performed a careful physical examination of the body surface directed to visually detectable morphological abnormalities; results were compared to a group of 1,007 Dutch control subjects. The percentage of patients with one or more major abnormalities in the total CH‐T cohort (33.1%) and in patients with CH‐T dystopic thyroid (37.2%) was significantly higher than in the control population (21.8%; P < 0.001). Especially in the CH‐T dystopic thyroid group specific major malformations (bilateral ear pits; oligodontia) were found more frequently. Also, the percentage of patients in the total CH‐T group with one or more minor anomalies (96.3%) was significantly higher than in the control group (82.5%). The careful grouping of patients according to their CH‐T etiology and the types and patterns in morphological findings may be helpful in the search for novel genes involved in thyroid development. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zweiphotonenabsorption und das Design von Zweiphotonenfarbstoffen
Authors: Pawlicki Miłosz , Collins Hazel A. , Denning Robert G. , Anderson Harry L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractZwei Photonen sind besser als eines – dieser Grundsatz gilt für einen großen Bereich von Anwendungen von den Ingenieurwissenschaften bis hin zur Physiologie. Durch Fortschritte beim Verständnis des Phänomens der Zweiphotonenabsorption und bei der Entwicklung von Zweiphotonenfarbstoffen gewinnt das Forschungsgebiet schnell an Bedeutung.magnified imageGegenüber der herkömmlichen Einphotonenabsorption bietet die Zweiphotonenabsorption etliche Vorteile, die zu Anwendungen in der Mikroskopie und Mikrofabrikation, der optischen Leistungsbegrenzung, in Upconversion‐Lasern und dreidimensionalen Datenspeichern, der photodynamischen Therapie und der lokalisierten Freisetzung biologisch aktiver Spezies geführt haben. Diese Anwendungen haben wiederum die Entwicklung neuartiger Farbstoffe mit großen Zweiphotonenabsorptionsquerschnitten vorangetrieben. Dieser Aufsatz beginnt mit den theoretischen Grundlagen der Zweiphotonenabsorption, stellt die Vielfalt möglicher Anwendungen vor und beschreibt erste Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Beziehungen, die als Leitlinien bei der Entwicklung effizienter Zweiphotonenfarbstoffe dienen können.
Innentitelbild: Intermolecular Methoxycarbonylation of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Palladium(II) Bis(oxazoline) Complexes (Angew. Chem. 18/2009)
Authors: Kato Keisuke , Motodate Satoshi , Mochida Tomoyuki , Kobayashi Takuya , Akita Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEin Bisoxazolin‐Ligand erhöht die Präferenz von PdII für π‐Systeme. Die direkte Umwandlung von terminalen Alkinen in β‐Methoxyacrylate mit Komplexen solcher Bisoxazolin(box)‐Liganden wird von K. Kato und Mitarbeitern in der Zuschrift auf S. 3376 ff. beschrieben. Dichtefunktionalrechnungen belegen, dass die π‐Orbitale des Liganden in [Pd(box)(TFA)2] über die Doppelbindungen und die Peripherie delokalisiert sind und energetisch nahe dem LUMO liegen. Die Reaktion kann auch in einer Synthese von Kawain genutzt werden.magnified image
Two‐Photon Absorption and the Design of Two‐Photon Dyes
Authors: Pawlicki Miłosz , Collins Hazel A. , Denning Robert G. , Anderson Harry L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo photons are better than one: This principle applies to a wide range of applications, ranging from engineering to physiology. Recent advances in our understanding of the phenomenon of two‐photon absorption (see picture) and in the design of two‐photon dyes are rapidly increasing the scope of this field.magnified imageTwo‐photon absorption has important advantages over conventional one‐photon absorption, which has led to applications in microscopy, microfabrication, three‐dimensional data storage, optical power limiting, up‐converted lasing, photodynamic therapy, and for the localized release of bio‐active species. These applications have generated a demand for new dyes with high two‐photon absorption cross‐sections. This Review introduces the theory of two‐photon absorption, surveys the wide range of potential applications, and highlights emerging structure–property correlations that can serve as guidelines for the development of efficient two‐photon dyes.
Cover Picture: Direct CH Metalation with Chromium(II) and Iron(II): Transition‐Metal Host / Benzenediide Guest Magnetic Inverse‐Crown Complexes (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 18/2009)
Authors: Alborés Pablo , Carrella Luca M. , Clegg William , García‐Álvarez Pablo , Kennedy Alan R. , Klett Jan , Mulvey Robert E. , Rentschler Eva , Russo Luca 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChromation and ferration are the latest additions to the concept of alkali‐metal‐mediated metalation, as described by J. Klett, R. E. Mulvey, and co‐workers in their Communication on page 3317 ff. While the more electropositive sodium is essential for the reaction, it is the less electropositive chromium or iron that actually performs deprotonation of benzene. This novel reactivity can be likened to a game of chess in which the queen (Na) holds the king in check, while the knight (Cr, Fe) scores checkm(etal)ate.magnified image
Thermal and mechanical modification of LDPE in single‐screw extruder
Authors: Ono Kazuya , Yamaguchi Masayuki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe effect of processing history in a single‐screw extruder on molecular characteristics was studied by employing commercially available low‐density polyethylene with no additives. Generation of long‐chain branch, which is responsible for the neck‐in phenomenon and draw resonance, is indicated by nonlinear viscoelastic properties of the extruded samples. Consequently, the processed samples show higher level of elastic property than the original pellet. However, thermal analysis revealed that there is no change in the distribution of short‐chain branch. Moreover, both chain scission and cross‐linking take place, and the chain scission is predominant above 320°C. Furthermore, processing history at low temperature depresses the melt elastic nature, although primary molecular structure is unchanged. This would be attributed to shear modification phenomenon. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Study of PET/PP/TiO2 microfibrillar‐structured composites, part 1: Preparation, morphology, and dynamic mechanical analysis of fibrillized blends
Authors: Li Wenjing , Schlarb Alois K. , Evstatiev Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe objective of this study was to manufacture and investigate a novel microfibrillar‐reinforced material based on fibrillized blends of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and TiO2 nanoparticles (300 nm and 15 nm in size). The uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends (polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride as compatibilizer) were extruded and subsequently cold‐drawn into strands with a draw ratio of 10. The effects of compatibilizer and TiO2 particles on the structure and properties of drawn strands were investigated. Upon addition of compatibilizer, the preferential location of TiO2 particles shifted from the PET‐dispersed phase to the PP matrix, which brought about different structures of the drawn strands. Differential scanning calorimetry study provided indications for a heterogeneous nucleation effect of the PET fibrils on the PP matrix and of the TiO2 particles on the PET fibrils. Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the drawn strands are strongly dependent on the strand structures. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Vibrational dynamics of poly(L‐glutamine)
Authors: La'Verne Sanjeev John , Srivastava Shweta , Srivastava Seema , Gupta V. D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn the present paper, we report the Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) spectra and an analysis of the normal modes and their dispersion, based on the calculations for an infinite chain and Urey Bradley force field with nonbonded interactions. The results thus obtained agree well with the FTIR spectra. The heat capacity obtained from the dispersion curves via density‐of‐states is in very good agreement with the experimental measurements between 50 and 500 K. We observed that the main contribution to heat capacity comes from the modes involving the coupling of the backbone skeletal and side‐chain motions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Polypropylene nanocomposite using maleated PP and diamine
Authors: Ku Kwang Hoi , Kim Sung Chul 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe insertion of the aliphatic diamine inside the organoclay will help the dispersion of the clay platelets in the PP/clay nanocomposite due to the reaction between the maleated PP and the diamine. Cloisite®20A was just simply mixed with hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) under shearing condition in Brabender mixer. HMDA group was successfully penetrated into silicate layers. As a result of penetration, d‐spacing of organoclay was increased. Polypropylene/clay nanocomposites were prepared by compounding with maleated PP and amine‐treated clay. From the FTIR spectra, reaction between amine group and maleic‐anhydride group was confirmed. The effect of the organoclay on the properties of the nanocomposite such as the morphology, dynamic mechanical properties, crystal structure and crystallization behavior, glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and tensile properties were investigated and analyzed. Nanocomposites with amine‐treated clays show enhanced properties compared with those with non–amine‐treated clay (Cloisite®20A). From the TEM analysis, nanocomposites with amine‐treated clays shows better dispersibility compared with those with Cloisite®20A alone. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Organosoluble poly(ether imide)s from phthalimidine based and trifluoromethyl substituted bis(ether amine)
Authors: Sen Suman Kumar , Maji Samarendra , Dasgupta Barnali , Chatterjee Shyambo , Banerjee Susanta 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA series of new organosoluble and optically transparent poly(ether imide)s (PEIs) were synthesized by the polycondensation of trifluoromethyl substituted and phthalimidine cardo group based bis(ether amine), 3,3‐bis‐[4‐{2′‐trifluoromethyl 4′‐(4″‐aminophenyl)phenoxy}phenyl]‐2‐phenyl‐2, 3‐dihydro‐isoindole‐1‐one with different fluorinated and non‐fluorinated aromatic dianhydrides (2a–e). All the PEIs were well characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The synthesized PEIs showed moderate to high inherent viscosity 0.41–0.61 dL/g and excellent solubility at room temperature in different organic solvents. All the transparent yellow films showed cut‐off length upto 425 nm. They exhibited high tensile strengths upto 98 MPa, excellent thermostability upto 554°C for 5% weight loss, high glass transition temperature upto 327°C, and water uptake value less than 0.6%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Hydrogenated natural rubber blends: Aspect on thermal stability and oxidative behavior
Authors: Hinchiranan N. , Lertweerasirikun W. , Poonsawad W. , Rempel G. L. , Prasassarakich P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHydrogenated natural rubber (HNR) prepared from natural rubber (NR) is a new sustainable elastomer with excellent thermal properties. This study reports on the effect of vulcanization system and blend ratio on the thermal and oxidative resistance of HNR/NR vulcanizates. The various HNR/NR ratios vulcanized by peroxide and sulfur donor system exhibited the highest retention of tensile strength after thermal aging due to the formation of zinc‐dimethyldithiocarbamate (ZDMDC) which is an efficient antioxidant. The results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the saturated structure of HNR had higher decomposition temperature and activation energy to enhance the thermal stability of HNR/NR vulcanizates. The initial and maximum decomposition temperatures of NR and HNR phases in vulcanizates were not affected by rubber blend ratio. This suggests that the decomposition pattern of HNR has no influence on another constituent. The increase in HNR content in the blends could retard the ozonolysis resulting in the surface cracking attacked by ozone. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009