bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Th Cell Epitope of Candida albicans Mediates Protection from Fungal Infection
Authors: Bär Eva , Gladiator André , Bastidas Sonia , Roschitzki Bernd , Acha-Orbea Hans , Oxenius Annette , LeibundGut-Landmann Salomé 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Fungal pathogens are a frequent cause of opportunistic infections. They live as commensals in healthy individuals but can cause disease when the immune status of the host is altered. T lymphocytes play a critical role in pathogen control. However, specific Ags determining the activation and function of antifungal T cells remain largely unknown. By using an immunoproteomic approach, we have identified for the first time, to our knowledge, a natural T cell epitope from Candida albicans. Isolation and sequencing of MHC class II-bound ligands from infected dendritic cells revealed a peptide that was recognized by a major population of all Candida-specific Th cells isolated from infected mice. Importantly, human Th cells also responded to stimulation with the peptide in an HLA-dependent manner but without restriction to any particular HLA class II allele. Immunization of mice with the peptide resulted in a population of epitope-specific Th cells that reacted not only with C. albicans but also with other clinically highly relevant species of Candida including the distantly related Candida glabrata. The extent of the reaction to different Candida species correlated with their degree of phylogenetic relationship to C. albicans. Finally, we show that the newly identified peptide acts as an efficient vaccine when used in combination with an adjuvant inducing IL-17A secretion from peptide-specific T cells. Immunized mice were protected from fatal candidiasis. Together, these results uncover a new immune determinant of the host response against Candida ssp. that could be exploited for the development of antifungal vaccines and immunotherapies.
Battling with Rising Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Screening and Diagnosis
Authors: Divakar Hema , Manyonda Issac 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Gestational diabetes affects 2 to 4% of all pregnancies, with an increased risk of developing diabetes for both the mother and the child. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in India varied from 3.8 to 21% with the geographical locations and diagnostic methods used.

Objective
To study the differences in the type of tests and timing of tests; failure to screen and diagnose; this could explain the varying prevalence reported from different centers indicating that there could be an underestimation due to missed diagnosis.

Materials and methods
A 15-question online survey (www.abcofobg.com) was developed to assess providers’ knowledge; practices and attitudes related to the screening and management of GDM. All data were entered into an electronic database without personal identifiers, to maintain confidentiality. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0.

Results
A total of 584 respondents were participated in the survey. Overall, 82.14% of doctors screened all their antenatal patients for GDM. A total of 65.48% of them ordered for a blood glucose test during first antenatal visit even in first trimester. During screening, 39.29% of doctors preferred 50 gm glucose challenge test and 26.19% of doctors preferred 75 gm glucose and 2-hour reading. When the test was positive, 47.62% of doctors ordered for 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 38.1% for 75 gm OGTT. A total of 40.48% of doctors used C and C criteria, 26.4 % used National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) criteria and 32.14% took 140 at 2 hours for 75 gm OGTT criteria of cutoff to diagnose the GDM.

Conclusion
Preventive measures against type 2 diabetes (T2DM) should start with proper screening and diagnosis during pregnancy. Many tests with varied criteria are in use. There is an urgent need to institute uniform standards for the timing and type of tests done for identifying the cases of GDM. This is crucial to reduce the burden of T2DM in India for now and for generations to come.
Is Advanced Paternal Age associated with Fetal Growth and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes? A Case-Control Study
Authors: Surapaneni Tarakeswari , Dudlani Manisha 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTAimTo determine associations of advanced paternal age with fetal growth and adverse neonatal outcomes.MethodsA hospital-based unmatched case-control study with random selection of controls. Fetal growth was determined by serial ultrasound measurements and growth was classified at birth by a neonatalogist based on the Lubchenco charts. Advanced paternal age was explored using two cutoffs (35 and 40 years). Likelihood ratios, unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and the 95% confidence intervals around point estimates are presented.ResultsThe study covered 218 pregnant women that included 137 (63.72%) pregnant women who delivered a live AGA/LGA baby and 78 (36.28%) pregnant women who delivered a live small for gestational age baby and 45 (20.64%) fathers with advanced paternal age based on a cutoff of ≥ 40 years and 73 (33.49%) fathers with advanced paternal age based on a age cutoff ≥ 35 years. Although advanced paternal age (both ≥ 35 and ≥ 40 years) was protective for small for gestational age babies in a bivariate analysis, the association was not significant in a multivariate regression model that adjusted for maternal age, parity, diabetes and gestational age at delivery. Advanced paternal age (both ≥ 35 and ≥ 40 years) did not show a clinically meaningful positive or negative likelihood ratio with other adverse neonatal outcomes.ConclusionPaternal age does not seem to be associated with fetal growth or adverse neonatal outcomes; however, a prospective cohort study is necessary to provide further evidence after controlling for potential confounders.
Behavioral Loyalty and Attitudinal Loyalty: Malaysian’s Intention on Counterfeit Clothing and Footwear
Authors: Cheng San Annie Ng , Yee Choy Johnn 
Published: April 2012

Purpose: The research aim to clarify the relationship of brand loyalty: attitudinal and behavioral loyalty with the Malaysian purchase intention on pirated clothing and footwear in order to gain better understanding in developing advance countermeasure.Design/ Methodology/ Approach: A quantitative research is used to obtain the first hand information. 380 sets of personally- administrated questionnaires were distributed in Malaysia -Penang’s Batu Ferringhi Night Market. A variety of statistical analysis techniques were used.Findings: The findings suggested brand loyalty: attitudinal and behavioral have a significant relationship with the purchase intention of counterfeit products. Under the two brand loyalty concepts, the behavioral loyalty had a greater negative association with the consumer intention on counterfeit. Practical implications: The paper provided in dept knowledge about the consumers motivation on counterfeit products and the information of marketing intelligence strategy-branding which available for the marketers and genuine manufacturers in better eradicate the counterfeit activities.Research Limitations: The paper was primarily focus on the counterfeit clothing and footwear. Although the focus and sample size is adequate and accepted but the generalizability of study may be limited and cannot consider as representative collectively for the whole of Malaysia and other pirated products. Secondly, the quantitative research used had limited the further insight of other unknown variables or factors that do not included.
Atlantic historical migrations, 1500–1965
Authors: Keeling Drew 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOver three‐quarters of the present‐day population of the Western Hemisphere are descended from people who crossed the Atlantic to settle there during the last five centuries. World historian Patrick Manning draws the larger global exent of the enslavement of Africans and forced migration to the New World following initial capture and transportation. He emphasizes the importance of tobacco and sugar production in the slave trade within the Americas from 1700 to 1850. This broad, diverse, and long‐lived human relocation helped to reshape the global economy, and studies of it have furthered the theoretical and practical understanding of modern mass migration generally.
Borderlands
Authors: Chen Xiangming 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBorderlands and migration are invariably interlinked and mutually reinforcing. Borderlands are connected geographic spaces around politically drawn boundaries or historically and ethnically linked frontiers that facilitate and sustain human migration. Migration refers to human mobility across spaces and borders of different kinds, both within and across national countries, while it varies with and between opportunities and obstacles presented by different borders and borderlands. This essay provides an overview of borderlands as both the crucial spaces where migration occurs and as an important shaper of migration, past and present. To understand the formation of borderlands, we recognize fully the importance of world history, and processes that have occurred independent of the influence of Europe. Historian Patrick Manning recognizes the compelling necessity of drawing from geographic regions throughout the world in understanding migration and the construction of borderlands (Manning 2012).
Belief in a Just World, Teacher Justice, and Bullying Behavior
Authors: Donat Matthias , Umlauft Sören , Dalbert Claudia , Kamble Shanmukh V. 
Published: April 2012

The relation between school students’ belief in a just world (BJW) and their bullying behavior was investigated in a questionnaire study. The mediating role of teacher justice was also examined. Data were obtained from a total of N = 458 German and Indian high school students. Regression analyses revealed that the more strongly students believed in a personal just world and the more they evaluated their teachers’ behavior toward them personally to be just, the less bullying behavior they reported. Moreover, students with a strong BJW tended to evaluate their teachers’ behavior toward them personally to be more just, and the experience of teacher justice mediated the relation between BJW and less bullying perpetration. This pattern of results was as expected and consistent across different cultural contexts. It persisted when neuroticism, sex, and country were controlled. The adaptive functions of BJW and implications for future school research are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 38:185–193, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mesocylindrical Aluminosilica Monolith Biocaptors for Size‐Selective Macromolecule Cargos
Authors: El‐Safty S. A. , Shenashen M. A. , Ismael M. , Khairy M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractImmobilization of biological macromolecules, such as protein, onto solid supports is an important method for diagnostic assays andgenetechnology. This present study reports the size‐selective adsorption/removal of virtual proteins that have different shapes, sizes, functions, and properties, such as insulin, cytochrome c, lysozyme, myoglobin, β‐lactoglobin, α‐amylase, hemoglobin, and myosin in aqueous water using mesobiocaptor monoliths. To prevent large proteins from adsorbing and remaining attached to adsorbent surfaces, large, open, cylindrical‐pored, three‐dimensional cubic aluminosilica mesostructures with large aluminum contents and micrometer‐sized monolith particles were fabricated. The unique physical properties and the surface functionality of the mesobiocaptors enhance protein adsorption characteristics in terms of loading capacity and quantity of the sample, ensuring a higher concentration of adsorbed proteins, interior pore diffusivity, and encapsulation in a short period. Thermodynamic studies indicate that protein adsorption into the mesobiocaptor pores is favorable and spontaneous. Theoretical models were used to investigate the major driving forces for the most optimal performance of the protein adsorption. The geometrical findings point to key factors, such as surface energy, intermolecular forces, charge distribution, hydrophobicity, and electrostatic interaction, which might control the adsorption into the interior large, open cylindrical mesobiocaptor cavities (sized 3–16 nm) without aggregation of these proteins on the exterior surfaces of monoliths. Indeed, the availability of adsorption of single proteins from mixtures based on size‐ and shape‐selective separation opens new avenues of research in encapsulation of proteins and bioanalysis.
Efficacy of the pedicled nasoseptal flap without cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion for repair of skull base defects: incidence of postoperative CSF leaks
Authors: Eloy Jean Anderson , Kuperan Arjuna B. , Choudhry Osamah J. , Harirchian Sanaz , Liu James K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:The advances in endoscopic skull base surgery have led to the resection of increasingly larger cranial base lesions and the creation of larger skull base defects with the potential for increased postoperative high‐flow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. These concerns led to the development of the vascularized pedicled nasoseptal flap (PNSF), which is now used as the mainstay for repair of large skull base defects in many academic centers. In this report, we review the incidence of postoperative CSF leaks in our institution in patients undergoing endoscopic skull base repair of high‐flow CSF leaks with a vascularized PNSF without concurrent CSF diversion.Methods:We performed a retrospective analysis at our tertiary care medical center on patients who underwent endoscopic repair of high‐flow CSF leaks using a PNSF without CSF diversion between July 2008 and August 2011. Repair materials, incidence of postoperative CSF leaks, and demographic data were collected.Results:Fifty‐nine high‐flow CSF leaks were repaired with a PNSF and other repair materials, without the use of lumbar catheter drainage. No postoperative CSF leak occurred in this cohort of patients. The overall postoperative CSF leak rate was 0%.Conclusion:Meticulous multilayer‐closure of skull base defects is critical to prevent postoperative CSF leaks. Although lumbar drainage may be useful in select scenarios, it carries inherent risks of intracranial hypotension and pneumocephalus, and may not be necessary for routine management of high‐flow CSF leaks in conjunction with a robust PNSF. Further prospective randomized controlled studies may be warranted to evaluate the efficacy of postoperative lumbar drainage. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
High‐resolution computed tomography analysis of the medial infratemporal fossa: a pilot study
Authors: Eloy Jean Anderson , Reyes Samuel A. , Germani Ross , Liu James K. , Casiano Roy R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:The medial aspect of the infratemporal fossa (ITF) can be accessed endoscopically. Two important landmarks to help guide dissection in this area have previously been identified: the anterior border of the foramen ovale (AFO) and the “bony bridge” (BB), a consistent bridge of bone between the foramen ovale and spinosum. We conducted a pilot study using high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) to measure the distances to these structures.Methods:Thirty measurements were acquired from 15 adult patients undergoing HRCT scans of the sinuses. The position of the anterior nasal spine (ANS), AFO, and BB on the 3 orthogonal planes were identified by 3 observers. Euclidian distances between each of these structures were calculated. A cadaveric dissection was performed and images were acquired to provide an endoscopic view.Results:Fifteen HRCT scans of the sinuses (8 females) were analyzed. The mean distances from the ANS to the AFO and BB were 78.5 ± 5.9 mm and 83.2 ± 6.0 mm, respectively. For males alone, these distances were 80.3 ± 4.3 mm and 85.3 ± 4.8 mm, respectively, and in females 77.0 ± 6.5 mm and 81.4 ± 6.7 mm, respectively.Conclusion:Average distance from the ANS to the AFO and BB was 78.5 mm and 83.2 mm, respectively. These measurements can be used by endoscopic skull base surgeons to guide dissection in the ITF. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
DPM2‐CDG: A muscular dystrophy–dystroglycanopathy syndrome with severe epilepsy
Authors: Barone Rita , Aiello Chiara , Race Valérie , Morava Eva , Foulquier Francois , Riemersma Moniek , Passarelli Chiara , Concolino Daniela , Carella Massimo , Santorelli Filippo , Vleugels Wendy , Mercuri Eugenio , Garozzo Domenico , Sturiale Luisa , Messina Sonia , Jaeken Jaak , Fiumara Agata , Wevers Ron A. , Bertini Enrico , Matthijs Gert , Lefeber Dirk J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective:Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of metabolic diseases due to defects in protein and lipid glycosylation. We searched for the primary defect in 3 children from 2 families with a severe neurological phenotype, including profound developmental delay, intractable epilepsy, progressive microcephaly, severe hypotonia with elevated blood creatine kinase levels, and early fatal outcome. There was clinical evidence of a muscular dystrophy–dystroglycanopathy syndrome, supported by deficient O‐mannosylation by muscle immunohistochemistry.Methods:Biochemical and molecular methods were combined to pinpoint the defect in the glycosylation pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum.Results:Metabolic investigations revealed CDG‐I, pointing to a defect in protein N‐glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Analysis of lipid‐linked oligosaccharides in fibroblasts showed accumulation of Dol‐PP‐GlcNAc2‐Man5. DNA analysis revealed mutations in DPM2, 1 of the subunits of the dolichol‐phosphate‐mannose (DPM) synthase; the patient in the first family is compound heterozygous for 2 mutations (c.68A>G, predicting a missense mutation p.Y23C and c.4‐1G>C, a splice mutation), whereas the patients in the second family are homozygous for the same missense mutation (c.68A>G, p.Y23C).Interpretation:We describe a new CDG, due to a deficiency of DPM2. Hence, mutations have now been described in the genes for the 3 subunits of DPM: DPM1, DPM2, and DPM3, whereby DPM2‐CDG links the congenital disorders of glycosylation to the congenital muscular dystrophies. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:550–558
Correlation of magnetic AC field on cardiac myocyte Ca2+ transients at different magnetic DC levels
Authors: Fixler Dror , Yitzhaki Smadar , Axelrod Alexander , Zinman Tova , Shainberg Asher 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of extremely low frequency and weak magnetic fields (WMF) on cardiac myocyte Ca2+ transients, and to explore the involvement of potassium channels under the WMF effect. In addition, we aimed to find a physical explanation for the effect of WMF on cardiac myocyte Ca2+ transients. Indo‐1 loaded cells, which were exposed to a WMF at 16 Hz and 40 nT, demonstrated a 75 ± 4% reduction in cytosolic Ca2+ transients versus control. Treatment with the KATP channel blocker, glibenclamide, followed by WMF at 16 Hz exposure, blocked the reduction in cytosolic calcium transients while treatment with pinacidil, a KATP channel opener, or chromanol 293B, a selective potassium channel blocker of the delayed rectifier K+ channels, did not inhibit the effect. Based on these finding and the ion cyclotron resonance frequency theory, we further investigated the effect of WMF by changing the direct current (DC) magnetic field (B0). When operating different DC magnetic fields we showed that the WMF value changed correspondingly: for B0 = 44.5 µT, the effect was observed at 17.05 Hz; for B0 = 46.5 µT, the effect was observed at 18.15 Hz; and for B0 = 49 µT the effect was observed at 19.1 Hz. We can conclude that the effect of WMF on Ca2+ transients depends on the DC magnetic field level. Bioelectromagnetics 33:634–640, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interaction among Alliance, Psychodynamic–Interpersonal and Cognitive–Behavioural Techniques in the Prediction of Post‐session Change
Authors: Owen Jesse , Hilsenroth Mark J. , Rodolfa Emil 
Published: April 2012

The current study examined the interaction of clients' perceptions of the psychodynamic–interpersonal (PI) and cognitive–behavioural (CB) techniques that their therapist utilized in their most recent therapy session and working alliance in the prediction of post‐session changes. Seventy‐five clients were treated by 25 therapists at a counselling centre in the USA. We posited that alliance would interact with clients' perceptions of their therapists' use of PI and CB techniques in the prediction of post‐session changes. The results revealed a three‐way interaction between clients' perceptions of the alliance, PI techniques and CB techniques in the prediction of post‐session changes. More PI and more CB techniques and more PI but fewer CB techniques were associated with better post‐sessions changes in the context of higher alliances. More CB techniques but fewer PI techniques and fewer PI and fewer CB techniques were not significantly associated with post‐session changes in the context of higher (or lower) alliances. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Clients' perceptions of PI techniques in the context of stronger alliances were most beneficial for post‐session outcomes. Thus, a high alliance will likely maximize the impact of PI techniques.
Clients who rated their therapist as being relatively inactive reported fewer positive post‐session outcomes, suggesting that an idle therapeutic approach is not advantageous.
Therapist differences explained two to three times more variation in session outcomes than client ratings of alliance or techniques. Some therapists are better at facilitating positive session outcomes as compared with others, suggesting that a potential key barometer of therapists' effectiveness may be captured by session outcomes.
Evaluation of high‐sensitivity FeGa/PZT stacked‐layer magnetic sensor
Authors: Hamashima Mio , Saito Chihiro , Nakamura Motoichi , Muro Hideo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn FeGa/PZT stacked‐layer magnetic sensor was studied. The prototype sensor was 15 mm long and 6 mm wide with two 880‐μm‐thick FeGa layers and a 590‐μm‐thick PZT layer. The theoretical sensitivity using a simple model was calculated to be 69.6 mV/Oe. The resonant modes were analyzed using an FEM simulator, resulting in a fundamental resonant frequency of 5.38 kHz. A magnetic field was applied to the longitudinal direction of the fabricated sensor to cause longitudinal stress magnetostrictively, which produced a piezoelectric output voltage in the PZT layer. The dependence of the magnetic sensitivity on the DC bias magnetic field was evaluated, together with the frequency characteristics and the temperature dependence. The measured sensitivity roughly agreed with the calculated one. A prototype with a single magnetostrictive layer was also fabricated and evaluated to investigate the possibility of operation as a resonant sensor. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(5): 1–7, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11392