bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic ship response integration for numerical prediction of squat in highly restricted waterways
Authors: Alderf N. , Lefrançois E. , Sergent P. , Debaillon P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper we are interested in numerical modeling of ‘dynamic’ phenomenon of squat by finite elements analysis. It proposes a set of modular numerical tools; therefore, interchangeable. This model enables the study of the interaction between a two‐dimensional potential flow in highly restricted waterways on irregular shaped bottom with stationary free surface in taking into account the dynamic response of a ship. The proposed model has been used to validate a stability model based on the extension of the one‐dimensional theory of Schijf to the dynamic effects by pointing out stable and unstable squat positions for a ship. It is also shown that for two cases of depth change in shallow water (‘step’), unstable position may be reached. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endoglin as a marker in cervical paragangliomas
Authors: Eleno Nélida , Düwel Annette , Muñoz Angel , Paz‐Bouza José , López‐Novoa Jose‐Miguel , Lozano Francisco 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundEndoglin is expressed on endothelium and is implicated in the control of angiogenesis. This study compares the expression of endoglin with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), commonly used as a marker for neoangiogenesis in cervical paragangliomas (CPG).MethodsThe CPG were surgically obtained from 5 patients and compared with nontumoral lung obtained from patients subjected to pulmonary resection. Detection with specific antibodies was used to determine the expression of the proteins VEGF and endoglin. The expressions of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) were used to determine the degree of hypoxia and capillarization, respectively.ResultsEndoglin is located at the plasma membrane of endothelial cells. The relative expression of endoglin is significantly higher in CPG respect to lung (p < .02), whereas that of VEGF is similar.ConclusionEndoglin expression in CPG is significantly superior to that of VEGF and correlates with tumor vascularization. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
On the local‐scale spatial variability of daily summer rainfall in the humid and complex terrain of the Blue Nile: observational evidence
Authors: Bitew Menberu M. , Gebremichael M. , Hirpa F. A. , Gebrewubet Y. M. , Seleshi Y. , Girma Y. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe HEXB'08 (Hydrological EXperiment in Blue Nile) experiment provided an opportunity, via dense network of rain gauges, to study the spatial variability of daily rainfall at a 5 km × 5 km scale in a humid and mountainous part of the Blue Nile river basin, for the period of 2 July–9 August 2008. The results of daily rainfall spatial analyses are shown in this paper. High‐intensity rainfall events have more absolute spatial variability (as measured by standard deviation) and less relative spatial variability (as measured by coefficient of variation), compared to lower intensity events. The coefficient of variation of daily rainfall, computed using gauge‐measured rainfall at several rain gauges, varies from 12% to 424%, with a median of 38% to 51%, indicating that there is a significant variability from one gauge observation to the other at the daily time scale, and one gauge does not represent 5 km × 5 km grid‐average daily values. For rainfall events that had significant contribution to the total rainfall, the coefficient of variation is within 55%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Causes for the decline of suspended‐sediment discharge in the Mississippi River system, 1940–2007
Authors: Meade Robert H. , Moody John A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBefore 1900, the Missouri–Mississippi River system transported an estimated 400 million metric tons per year of sediment from the interior of the United States to coastal Louisiana. During the last two decades (1987–2006), this transport has averaged 145 million metric tons per year. The cause for this substantial decrease in sediment has been attributed to the trapping characteristics of dams constructed on the muddy part of the Missouri River during the 1950s. However, reexamination of more than 60 years of water‐ and sediment‐discharge data indicates that the dams alone are not the sole cause. These dams trap about 100–150 million metric tons per year, which represent about half the decrease in sediment discharge near the mouth of the Mississippi. Changes in relations between water discharge and suspended‐sediment concentration suggest that the Missouri–Mississippi has been transformed from a transport‐limited to a supply‐limited system. Thus, other engineering activities such as meander cutoffs, river‐training structures, and bank revetments as well as soil erosion controls have trapped sediment, eliminated sediment sources, or protected sediment that was once available for transport episodically throughout the year. Removing major engineering structures such as dams probably would not restore sediment discharges to pre‐1900 state, mainly because of the numerous smaller engineering structures and other soil‐retention works throughout the Missouri–Mississippi system. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards a simple dynamic process conceptualization in rainfall–runoff models using multi‐criteria calibration and tracers in temperate, upland catchments
Authors: Birkel C. , Tetzlaff D. , Dunn S. M. , Soulsby C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEmpirically based understanding of streamflow generation dynamics in a montane headwater catchment formed the basis for the development of simple, low‐parameterized, rainfall–runoff models. This study was based in the Girnock catchment in the Cairngorm Mountains of Scotland, where runoff generation is dominated by overland flow from peaty soils in valley bottom areas that are characterized by dynamic expansion and contraction of saturation zones. A stepwise procedure was used to select the level of model complexity that could be supported by field data. This facilitated the assessment of the way the dynamic process representation improved model performance. Model performance was evaluated using a multi‐criteria calibration procedure which applied a time series of hydrochemical tracers as an additional objective function. Flow simulations comparing a static against the dynamic saturation area model (SAM) substantially improved several evaluation criteria. Multi‐criteria evaluation using ensembles of performance measures provided a much more comprehensive assessment of the model performance than single efficiency statistics, which alone, could be misleading. Simulation of conservative source area tracers (Gran alkalinity) as part of the calibration procedure showed that a simple two‐storage model is the minimum complexity needed to capture the dominant processes governing catchment response. Additionally, calibration was improved by the integration of tracers into the flow model, which constrained model uncertainty and improved the hydrodynamics of simulations in a way that plausibly captured the contribution of different source areas to streamflow. This approach contributes to the quest for low‐parameter models that can achieve process‐based simulation of hydrological response. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stormflow dynamics and loads of Escherichia coli in a large mixed land use catchment
Authors: McKergow Lucy A. , Davies‐Colley Robert J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractStorm events are major transporters of faecal microbial contaminants, but few studies have reported storm loads or concentration dynamics in relation to discharge or other pollutants, notably fine sediment. Episodically, high loads of faecal contamination during storm flows impact downstream uses of water bodies, particularly contact recreation and shellfish harvesting. We examined the storm dynamics of Escherichia coli, turbidity and discharge in the mixed land use Motueka catchment (2047 km2; 60% forest and 19% pasture) to gain insights into E. coli sources and transport. We also explored different approaches for calculating E. coli loads. Discharge and field turbidity were recorded continuously, and E. coli concentrations were sampled during events, over a 13‐month period near the mouth of the Motueka River. E. coli loads were estimated by interpolation, averaging estimators and by using linear regression with smearing correction of the log‐transformed variables: discharge, turbidity, and both turbidity and discharge. The annual E. coli load was dominated (∼98%) by export during events. Comparison of monthly monitoring with the intensive storm monitoring campaign suggests that simple stratification of the sampling into storm and baseflow would greatly improve export estimates. E. coli peak concentrations always preceded discharge and turbidity peaks (which had similar timing). Turbidity can be a useful surrogate for faecal microbes in smaller catchments, but in the Motueka turbidity was no better for predicting E. coli concentration than discharge. Runoff from grazed pasture and direct deposition from livestock are probably the ultimate E. coli sources in the Motueka catchment. However, in‐channel stores seem to dominate E. coli dynamics during events and account for the typical feature of bacterial concentrations peaking ahead of discharge and turbidity. This study demonstrates the importance of storm events to faecal microbial loads and shows that E. coli concentration dynamics may contrast with those of turbidity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro electromagnetically stimulated SAOS‐2 osteoblasts inside porous hydroxyapatite
Authors: Fassina Lorenzo , Saino Enrica , Sbarra Maria Sonia , Visai Livia , De Angelis Maria Gabriella Cusella , Magenes Giovanni , Benazzo Francesco 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOne of the key challenges in reconstructive bone surgery is to provide living constructs that possess the ability to integrate in the surrounding tissue. Bone graft substitutes, such as autografts, allografts, xenografts, and biomaterials have been widely used to heal critical‐size long bone defects due to trauma, tumor resection, congenital deformity, and tissue degeneration. In particular, porous hydroxyapatite is widely used in reconstructive bone surgery owing to its biocompatibility. In addition, the in vitro modification of hydroxyapatite with osteogenic signals enhances the tissue regeneration in vivo, suggesting that the biomaterial modification could play an important role in tissue engineering. In this study we have followed a biomimetic strategy where electromagnetically stimulated SAOS‐2 human osteoblasts proliferated and built their extracellular matrix inside a porous hydroxyapatite scaffold. The electromagnetic stimulus had the following parameters: intensity of the magnetic field equal to 2 mT, amplitude of the induced electric tension equal to 5 mV, frequency of 75 Hz, and pulse duration of 1.3 ms. In comparison with control conditions, the electromagnetic stimulus increased the cell proliferation and the surface coating with bone proteins (decorin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, type‐I collagen, and type‐III collagen). The physical stimulus aimed at obtaining a better modification of the biomaterial internal surface in terms of cell colonization and coating with bone matrix. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
Hyaluronan‐based scaffold for in vivo regeneration of the rat vena cava: Preliminary results in an animal model
Authors: Pandis Laura , Zavan Barbara , Abatangelo Giovanni , Lepidi Sandro , Cortivo Roberta , Vindigni Vincenzo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a prosthetic graft that could perform as a small‐diameter vascular conduit for vein regeneration. The difficulty of obtaining significant long‐term patency and good wall mechanical strength in vivo has been a significant obstacle in achieving small‐diameter vein prostheses. Fifteen Male Wistar rats weighing 250–350 g were used. Tubular structures of hyaluronan (HYAFF‐11 tubules, 2 mm diameter, and 1.5 cm length) were implanted in the vena cava of rats as temporary absorbable guides to promote regeneration of veins. Performance was assessed at 30, 60, and 90 days after surgery by histology (hematoxylin‐eosin and Weighert solution) and immunohistochemistry (antibodies to von Willebrand factor and to Myosin Light‐Chain Kinase). These experiments resulted in two novel findings: (1) sequential regeneration of vascular components led to complete vein wall regeneration 30 days after surgery; (2) the biomaterial used created the ideal environment for the delicate regeneration process during the critical initial phases, yet its biodegradability allowed for complete degradation of the construct 4 months after implantation, at which time, a new vein remained to connect the vein stumps. This work demonstrates the complete vena cava regeneration inside the hyaluronic acid‐based prosthesis, opening new perspective of microsurgical applications, like replantation of the upper limb, elongation of vascular pedicle of free flaps, cardiovascular surgery, and pediatric microvascular surgery. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
Structural modification of proteins by direct electric current from low voltage
Authors: Calzia Daniela , Panfoli Isabella , Ravera Silvia , Dazzi Elisa , Gandolfo Simona , Pepe Isidoro Mario , Vergani Laura , Morelli Alessandro M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe interaction of direct electric current (dc) and proteins is a little explored topic. We had reported that exposure of Crotalus atrox venom to dc caused irreversible inactivation of phospholipase A2 and metalloprotease and that the eukaryote adenylate kinases (AK) precipitate in nondenaturing gel electrophoresis. AK1 displays an elevated percent difference of CHarged versus POlar amino acid content (CH‐PO 14). Commercial AK1 and other 17 enzymes with various CH‐PO values were exposed in solution to dc (0–0.7 mA) from low voltage (0–10 V), then enzymatic activity was assayed. The enzymes with CH‐PO higher than 10.0 were irreversibly inactivated by current exposure; those with CH‐PO between +3 and −5 were not. Inactivation was dependent on the ionic strength of the medium and not on the net charge of the protein. Circular dichroic spectroscopy showed a structural modification in some of the inactivated enzymes. CH‐PO could be a crucial, although rough, parameter for predicting protein inactivation by low‐voltage exposure. The observed effect seems due to the current density. Enzymatic activity maybe a more accurate sensor of conformational changes than circular dichroism spectroscopy. A better understanding of efficacy of many electrical devices utilized in medical practice may follow. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:309–317, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20293
The role of calcium in apoptosis induced by 7β‐hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol‐5β,6β‐epoxide
Authors: Lordan Sinéad , O'Brien Nora M. , Mackrill John J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOxysterols, such as 7β‐hydroxy‐cholesterol (7β‐OH) and cholesterol‐5β,6β‐epoxide (β‐epoxide), may have a central role in promoting atherogenesis. This is thought to be predominantly due to their ability to induce apoptosis in cells of the vascular wall and in monocytes/macrophages. Although there has been extensive research regarding the mechanisms through which oxysterols induce apoptosis, much remains to be clarified. Given that experimental evidence has long associated alterations of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis to apoptotic cell death, the aim of the present study was to determine the influence of intracellular Ca2+ changes on apoptosis induced by 7β‐OH and β‐epoxide. Ca2+ responses in differentiated U937 cells were assessed by epifluorescence video microscopy, using the ratiometric dye fura‐2. Over 15‐min exposure of differentiated U937 cells to 30 μM of 7β‐OH induced a slow but significant rise in fura‐2 ratio. The Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine and the chelating agent EGTA blocked the increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+. Moreover, dihydropyridine (DHP) binding sites identified with BODIPY‐FLX‐DHP were blocked following pretreatment with nifedipine, indicating that the influx of Ca2+ occurred through L‐type channels. However, following long‐term incubation with 7β‐OH, elevated levels of cytoplasmic Ca2+ were not maintained and nifedipine did not provide protection against apoptotic cell death. Our results indicate that the increase in Ca2+ may be an initial trigger of 7β‐OH–induced apoptosis, but following chronic exposure to the oxysterol, the influence of Ca2+ on apoptotic cell death appears to be less significant. In contrast, Ca2+ did not appear to be involved in β‐epoxide–induced apoptosis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:324–332, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20295
Survive the recession by managing cash
Authors: Goldberg Stephen R. , Phillips Mary J. , Williams H. James 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn the current banking and credit environment, with a severe demand slump, managing cash is critical to surviving the recession—and positioning your company for a turnaround. The authors examine the best expert advice on managing cash during a downturn, for five key areas of your business. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Planning and budgeting—Easing the pain, maximizing the gain
Authors: Frause Norman L. , Brenner Rick , Juras Paul E. , Moravitz Carl L. , Schreck Steven P. , Stratton Alan J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn many organizations, one frequent outcome of the planning and budgeting process is widespread frustration. This article explains why some of these pains exist and how to resolve them. Instead of publishing a white paper or book with our material, we chose a wiki due to its technical capability of being able to interact with other interested parties to comment on our findings. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Social difficulties influence group psychotherapy adherence in abused, suicidal african american women
Authors: Ilardi Dawn L. , Kaslow Nadine J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe social brain model emphasizes improving our understanding of the relational factors that influence treatment adherence. Consistent with this framework, which has been applied to medical adherence, it was hypothesized that insecure attachment styles, interpersonal hassles, and low levels of social support would explain group psychotherapy attendance. Results from 51 abused and suicidal low‐income, African American women who attended at least 1 session of an empowerment group psychotherapy indicated that lower attendance was related to (a) insecure attachment styles (fearful) and (b) interpersonal hassles (perceived social differences, lack of social acceptability, social victimization). Perceived social support did not predict group therapy attendance. The value of addressing attachment styles and interpersonal factors to enhance treatment participation is underscored. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–12, 2009.
Major and minor depression in female adolescents: onset, course, symptom presentation, and demographic associations
Authors: Rohde Paul , Beevers Christopher G. , Stice Eric , O'Neil Kelly 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe examined the epidemiology and phenomenology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and minor depression among a community sample of 496 female adolescents. Diagnostic interviews were conducted annually for 7 years, allowing us to examine onset, course, and symptom presentation among participants 12 through 20 years old. Approximately 1 of 6 girls experienced MDD. MDD episodes had a mean duration of 5.3 months (SD=4.2). One‐year prevalence for MDD peaked at age 16 (5.3%). White racial status and younger age were associated with greater worthlessness and suicidality during an MDD episode. One of 5 girls met criteria for minor depression. Adolescents from racial/ethnic minority groups were at especially high risk for minor depression. Adolescence is a high‐risk period for depression in young women, although its prevalence and phenomenology vary as a function of age and race/ethnicity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–11, 2009.
Gender differences in the longitudinal structure of cognitive diatheses for depression in children and adolescents
Authors: Cole David A. , Jacquez Farrah M. , Truss Alanna E. , Pineda Ashley Q. , Weitlauf Amy S. , Tilghman‐Osborne Carlos E. , Felton Julia W. , Maxwell Melissa A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn a school‐based, four‐wave, longitudinal study, children (grades 4–7) and young adolescents (grades 6–9) completed questionnaires measuring depressive symptoms and depressive cognitions, including positive and negative cognitions on the Cognitive Triad Inventory for Children (CTI‐C; Kaslow, Stark, Printz, Livingston, & Tsai, 1992) and self‐perceived competence on the Self‐Perception Profile for Children (SPPC; Harter, 1985). Application of the Trait‐State‐Occasion model (Cole, Martin, & Steiger, 2005) revealed the existence of a time‐invariant trait factor and a set of time‐varying occasion factors. Gender differences emerged, indicating that some cognitive diatheses were more trait‐like for girls than for boys (i.e., positive and negative cognitions on the CTI‐C; self‐perceived physical appearance and global self‐worth on the SPPC). Implications focus on the emergent gender difference in depression, the design of longitudinal studies, and clinical decisions about the implementation of prevention versus intervention programs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–15, 2009.
Problem solving moderates the effects of life event stress and chronic stress on suicidal behaviors in adolescence
Authors: Grover Kelly E. , Green Kelly L. , Pettit Jeremy W. , Monteith Lindsey L. , Garza Monica J. , Venta Amanda 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe present study examined the unique and interactive effects of stress and problem‐solving skills on suicidal behaviors among 102 inpatient adolescents. As expected, life event stress and chronic stress each significantly predicted suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Problem solving significantly predicted suicidal ideation, but not suicide attempt. Problem solving moderated the associations between life event stress and suicidal behaviors, as well as between chronic stress and suicidal ideation, but not chronic stress and suicide attempt. At high levels of stress, adolescents with poor problem‐solving skills experienced elevated suicidal ideation and were at greater risk of making a nonfatal suicide attempt. The interactive effects decreased to non‐significance after controlling for depressive symptoms and hopelessness. Clinical implications are discussed.© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–10, 2009.
Postpartum depression: what we know
Authors: O'Hara Michael W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPostpartum depression (PPD) is a serious mental health problem. It is prevalent, and offspring are at risk for disturbances in development. Major risk factors include past depression, stressful life events, poor marital relationship, and social support. Public health efforts to detect PPD have been increasing. Standard treatments (e.g., Interpersonal Psychotherapy) and more tailored treatments have been found effective for PPD. Prevention efforts have been less consistently successful. Future research should include studies of epidemiological risk factors and prevalence, interventions aimed at the parenting of PPD mothers, specific diathesis for a subset of PPD, effectiveness trials of psychological interventions, and prevention interventions aimed at addressing mental health issues in pregnant women. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–12, 2009.