bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rumination: Relationship to depression and personality in a clinical sample
Authors: Carter Janet D. , Frampton Christopher M. A. , Mulder Roger T. , Luty Suzanne E. , McKenzie Janice M. , Joyce Peter R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNumerous studies indicate rumination has a deleterious impact on the course of depressive symptoms. Very little is known about the factors that account for individual differences in the tendency to ruminate, particularly in clinical samples. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between demographic factors, clinical characteristics of depression, personality and rumination in a clinical sample. Rumination was assessed with the Response Styles Questionnaire in 168 outpatients with a current diagnosis of major depression. Depression characteristics and personality were assessed with both structured clinical interviews and self‐report measures. The results indicate that depression severity and personality predict rumination. Specifically, high initial depression severity, cluster B personality disorder symptoms and low self‐directedness were significant predictors of rumination. There were no age or gender differences in the tendency to ruminate. Personality functioning appears to be an important dimension that may account for individual differences in the tendency to ruminate in depressed outpatients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UV‐induced transformations of matrix‐isolated 1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐thiones
Authors: Rostkowska Hanna , Lapinski Leszek , Nowak Maciej J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMonomers of 5‐mercapto‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐thione (bismuthiol) were studied using an experimental matrix‐isolation technique as well as by carrying out theoretical quantum chemical calculations. The calculations, performed using the quadratic configuration interaction method with single and double excitations (QCISD)/6‐31++G(d,p)//DFT(B3LYP)/6‐311++G(2d,p), predict that the thione–thiol tautomer of bismuthiol should be significantly (by more than 19 kJ mol−1) more stable than other tautomeric forms. Accordingly, only the signatures of the thione–thiol tautomer were observed in the FT‐IR spectrum of bismuthiol, recorded directly after deposition of an Ar matrix. UV (λ > 320 nm) irradiation induced the conversion of the thione–thiol tautomer into the dithiol form. Analogous investigations were carried out for two related compounds: 5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐thione and 5‐methylthio‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐thione. For these two species, only the thione tautomeric forms were observed after deposition of Ar matrices. These tautomers were predicted (by QCISD calculations) to be more stable (by at least 19 kJ mol−1) than other tautomeric forms. Upon UV irradiation, the most stable thione forms of these compounds were transformed into the corresponding thiol tautomers. Direct observation of the thione → thiol phototautomeric processes provides a clear proof that intramolecular proton transfer reaction can occur in molecules, such as bismuthiol, in spite of the increased NH···S distance, in comparison to other phototautomerizing species studied so far. All the isomers of the studied compounds (substrates and products of the photoreactions) were identified by comparison of their IR spectra with the spectra calculated at the DFT(B3LYP)/6‐311++G(2d,p) level of theory for possible isomeric structures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dieletric and magnetic properties of ZnTi substituted M‐type barium hexaferrite
Authors: Dube Charu Lata , Kashyap Subhash C. , Pandya D. K. , Dube D. C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe ZnTi substituted barium hexaferrite polycrystalline samples have been synthesized by solid‐state reaction method. The complex permittivity and permeability measurements are carried out on the BaFe12–2xZnxTixO19 (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) samples in the microwave frequency range of 8–13 GHz by cavity perturbation technique. The observed abnormal dielectric behavior, i.e., an increasing tendency of dielectric constant with frequency has been attributed to the mixed conduction. The effect of ZnTi substitution on the permittivity and dielectric loss has been investigated in the frequency range of 1 kHz–1 MHz as well. The increase in concentration of ZnTi dopants monotonically increases both the permittivity and the permeability in the investigated frequency ranges, which can be attributed to increased polarizability and unpinning of the domain walls, respectively.
Optical properties of correlated materials – Or why intelligent windows may look dirty
Authors: Tomczak Jan M. , Biermann Silke 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMaterials with strong electronic Coulomb correlations play an increasing role in modern materials applications. “Thermochromic” systems, which exhibit thermally induced changes in their optical response, provide a particularly interesting case. The optical switching associated with the metal–insulator transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2), for example, has been proposed for use in numerous applications, ranging from anti‐laser shields to “intelligent” windows, which selectively filter radiative heat in hot weather conditions. Are present‐day electronic structure techniques able to describe, or – eventually even predict – such a kind of behavior? How far are we from materials design using correlated oxides? These are the central questions we try to address in this article. We review recent attempts of calculating optical properties of correlated materials within dynamical mean field theory, and summarize results for VO2 obtained within a novel scheme aiming at particularly simple and efficient calculations of optical transition matrix elements within localized basis sets. Finally, by optimizing the geometry of “intelligent windows,” we argue that this kind of technique can, in principle, be used to provide guidance for experiments, thus giving a rather optimistic answer to the above questions.
Ludwig von Bertalanffy's early system approach
Authors: Drack Manfred 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMost of what Bertalanffy published in the field of ‘organismic’ biology was written in German and is thus not widely known. In order to understand the development and meaning of his ‘general system theory’, those early works are essential. In this paper, I therefore focus on key aspects of his ‘system theory of life’, both on the level of scientific concepts and philosophical considerations. As a trained philosopher, Bertalanffy was clearly aware that the notion of systems has a long history. As for the influences from science, the focus here will be on Paul Weiss. Those two roots will be used to clarify Bertalanffy's unique contributions towards a system approach in biology and beyond. The aim was to free the term system from vague or even obscure metaphysical connotations and arrive at a framework that is useful for science. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complexity, climate change and soil carbon: A systems approach to microbial temperature response
Authors: Wixon Devin L. , Balser Teri C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA proliferation of data gathered to predict a critically important, urgent and social‐policy related question often leads to debate and divergent model results. This classic feature of complex systems is currently being evidenced in assessing a potentially serious feedback response of soil respiration with increased temperatures due to global climate change. Here we apply soft systems modelling (SSM) for a detailed analysis of the “soft” aspects of the topic. Supported by a literature review, we conclude that that varied perspectives on the system's dynamics and its web of controlling factors have led to seemingly conflicting results. We present a simplified hierarchy organizing the comprehensive universe of interacting controls across scales. This model is implemented as a relational database, including relationships between factors such as nesting and feedbacks. We conclude that although this model is currently limited to pairwise interactions, it provides a useful tool to assess potential interactions and factors of interest. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual reality ultrasound imaging of the normal and abnormal fetal central nervous system
Authors: Tutschek B. , Pilu G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectivesIn fetal ultrasound imaging, teaching and experience are of paramount importance to improve prenatal detection rates of fetal abnormalities. Yet both aspects depend on exposure to normal and, in particular, abnormal ‘specimens’. We aimed to generate a number of simple virtual reality (VR) objects of the fetal central nervous system for use as educational tools.MethodsWe applied a recently proposed algorithm for the generation of fetal VR object movies to the normal and abnormal fetal brain and spine. Interactive VR object movies were generated from ultrasound volume data from normal fetuses and fetuses with typical brain or spine anomalies. Pathognomonic still images from all object movies were selected and annotated to enable recognition of these features in the object movies.ResultsForty‐six virtual reality object movies from 22 fetuses (two with normal and 20 with abnormal brains) were generated in an interactive display format (QuickTime) and key images were annotated. The resulting .mov files are available for download from the website of this journal.ConclusionsVR object movies can be generated from educational ultrasound volume datasets, and may prove useful for teaching and learning normal and abnormal fetal anatomy. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Situ Loading of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Within Porous Silica Nanoparticles for a Prolonged Release
Authors: Zhang Jin , Postovit Lynne-Marie , Wang Dashan , Gardiner Richard B , Harris Richard , Abdul MuminMd , Thomas AnuAlice 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a protein, plays a key role in wound healing and blood vessel regeneration. However, bFGF is easily degraded in biologic systems. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with well-tailored porous structure have been used for hosting guest molecules for drug delivery. Here, we report an in situ route to load bFGF in MSNs for a prolonged release. The average diameter (d) of bFGF-loaded MSNs is 57 ± 8 nm produced by a water-in-oil microemulsion method. The in vitro releasing profile of bFGF from MSNs in phosphate buffer saline has been monitored for 20 days through a colorimetric enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The loading efficiency of bFGF in MSNs is estimated at 72.5 ± 3%. In addition, the cytotoxicity test indicates that the MSNs are not toxic, even at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. It is expected that the in situ loading method makes the MSNs a new delivery system to deliver protein drugs, e.g. growth factors, to help blood vessel regeneration and potentiate greater angiogenesis.
Study on Resistance Switching Properties of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3Thin Films Using Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Ting , Zhang Xinan , Ding Linghong , Zhang Weifeng 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3(NBT) thin films sandwiched between Au electrodes and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting glass were deposited using a sol–gel method. Based on electrochemical workstation measurements, reproducible resistance switching characteristics and negative differential resistances were obtained at room temperature. A local impedance spectroscopy measurement of Au/NBT was performed to reveal the interface-related electrical characteristics. The DC-bias-dependent impedance spectra suggested the occurrence of charge and mass transfer at the interface of the Au/NBT/FTO device. It was proposed that the first and the second ionization of oxygen vacancies are responsible for the conduction in the low- and high-resistance states, respectively. The experimental results showed high potential for nonvolatile memory applications in NBT thin films.
Development of Neural Electromagnetic Ontologies (NEMO): Ontology-based Tools for Representation and Integration of Event-related Brain Potentials
Authors: Frishkoff Gwen , LePendu Paea , Frank Robert , Liu Haishan , Dou Dejing 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe describe a first-generation ontology forrepresentation and integration of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). The ontology is designed following OBO “best practices” and is augmented with tools to perform ontology-based labeling and annotation of ERP data, and a database that enables semantically based reasoning over these data. Because certain high-level concepts in the ERP domain are illdefined, we have developed methods to support coordinated updates to each of these three components. This approach consists of “top-down” (knowledge-driven) design and implementation, followed by “bottom-up” (data-driven) validation and refinement. Our goal is to build an ERP ontology that is logically valid, empirically sound, robust in application, and transparent to users. This ontology will be used to support sharing and meta-analysis of EEG and MEG data collected within our Neural Electromagnetic Ontologies (NEMO) project.
Post-Traumatic Stress Impacts on Quality of Life in Children After Road Traffic Accidents: Prospective Study
Authors: Landolt Markus A. , Vollrath Margarete E. , Gnehm Hanspeter E. , Sennhauser Felix H. 
Published: July 2009

Objective: There is little knowledge on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of injured children and adolescents after road traffic accidents (RTA). Although findings in injured adults suggest that post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) may be important predictors of HRQOL, this issue has never been prospectively examined in children. The aim of the present study was therefore to prospectively assess HRQOL in children after RTA and specifically examine the impact of PTSS on HRQOL. Method: Sixty-eight children (aged 6.5–14.5 years) were interviewed 1 month and 1 year after an RTA using the Child PTSD Reaction Index and the Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Academisch Ziekenhuis Leiden (TNO-AZL) Questionnaire for Children's Health-Related Quality of Life. Parents and physicians were assessed with questionnaires. Results: Eleven children (16.2%) showed moderate to severe post-traumatic stress reactions at 1 month, and 12 children (17.6%) at 1 year. At 1 month, patients reported reduced motor functioning and autonomy and impairments in some parts of emotional functioning compared to a community sample. At 1 year all dimensions of HRQOL were within or above normal ranges. Multivariate analysis indicated that PTSS at 1 month significantly predicted HRQOL at 1 year. Conclusions: This prospective study provides evidence for a long-term negative influence of early PTSS on HRQOL in injured children. The return of injured children to pre-injury HRQOL may therefore not only depend on optimal medical care but also on awareness and timely interventions regarding PTSS.
Moderated effect size and P-value combinations for microarray meta-analyses
Authors: Marot Guillemette , Foulley Jean-Louis , Mayer Claus-Dieter , Jaffrézic Florence 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Motivation: With the proliferation of microarray experiments and their availability in the public domain, the use of meta-analysis methods to combine results from different studies increases. In microarray experiments, where the sample size is often limited, meta-analysis offers the possibility to considerably increase the statistical power and give more accurate results.
Results: A moderated effect size combination method was proposed and compared with other meta-analysis approaches. All methods were applied to real publicly available datasets on prostate cancer, and were compared in an extensive simulation study for various amounts of inter-study variability. Although the proposed moderated effect size combination improved already existing effect size approaches, the P-value combination was found to provide a better sensitivity and a better gene ranking than the other meta-analysis methods, while effect size methods were more conservative.
Availability: An R package metaMA is available on the CRAN.
Contact: guillemette.marot@jouy.inra.fr
iBioSim: a tool for the analysis and design of genetic circuits
Authors: Myers Chris J. , Barker Nathan , Jones Kevin , Kuwahara Hiroyuki , Madsen Curtis , Nguyen Nam-Phuong D. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Summary: iBioSim is a tool that supports learning of genetic circuit models, efficient abstraction-based analysis of these models and the design of synthetic genetic circuits. iBioSim includes project management features and a graphical user interface that facilitate the development and maintenance of genetic circuit models as well as both experimental and simulation data records.
Availability: iBioSim is available for download for Windows, Linux, and MacOS at http://www.async.ece.utah.edu/iBioSim/
Contact: myers@ece.utah.edu
Prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a community‐based, cross‐sectional study in Banbury (Oxfordshire, UK)
Authors: Fernandez Alberto , Karavitaki Niki , Wass John A. H. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryBackground  Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The optimal delivery of services and the provision of care for patients with PAs require distribution of the resources proportionate to the impact of these conditions on the community. Currently, the resource allocation for PAs in the health care system is lacking a reliable and an up‐to‐date epidemiological background that would reflect the recent advances in the diagnostic technologies, leading to the earlier recognition of these tumours.Objectives  To determine the prevalence, the diagnostic delay and the characteristics of patients with PA in a well‐defined geographical area of the UK (Banbury, Oxfordshire).Patients and methods  Sixteen general practitioner (GP) surgeries covering the area of Banbury and a total population of 89 334 inhabitants were asked to participate in the study (data confirmed on 31 July 2006). Fourteen surgeries with a total of 81,449 inhabitants (91% of the study population) agreed to take part. All cases of PAs were found following an exhaustive computer database search of agreed terms by the staff of each Practice and data on age, gender, presenting manifestations and their duration, imaging features at diagnosis, history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and family history of PA were collected.Results  A total of 63 patients with PA were identified amongst the study population of 81,149, with a prevalence of 77·6 PA cases/100,000 inhabitants (prolactinomas; PRLoma: 44·4, nonfunctioning PAs: 22·2, acromegaly; ACRO: 8·6, corticotroph adenoma: 1·2 and unknown functional status; UFS: 1·2/100,000 inhabitants). The distribution of each PA subtype was for PRLoma 57%, nonfunctioning PAs 28%, ACRO 11%, corticotroph adenoma 2% and UFS 2%. The median age at diagnosis and the duration of symptoms until diagnosis (in years) were for PRLoma 32·0 and 1·5, nonfunctioning PAs 51·5 and 0·8, ACRO 47 and 4·5 and corticotroph adenoma 57 and 7, respectively. PRLoma was the most frequent PA diagnosed up to the age of 60 years (0–20 years: 75% and 20–60 years: 61% of PAs) and nonfunctioning PA after the age of 60 years (60% of PAs). Nonfunctioning PAs dominated in men (57% of all men with PA) and PRLoma in women (76% of all women with PA). Five patients (7·9%) presented with classical pituitary apoplexy, with a prevalence of 6·2 cases/100,000 inhabitants.Conclusions Based on a well‐defined population in Banbury (Oxfordshire, UK), we have shown that PAs have a fourfold increased prevalence than previously thought; our data confirm that PAs have a higher burden on the Health Care System and optimal resource distribution for both clinical care and research activities aiming to improve the outcome of these patients are needed.
Should women receive androgen replacement therapy, and if so, how?
Authors: Davis Susan R. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThe available clinical evidence supports efficacy of testosterone therapy for the treatment of postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) who have undergone a comprehensive clinical evaluation. Although few preparations designed to deliver an appropriate dose of testosterone for women are available, use of testosterone by women for the management of HSDD is widespread. Issues that continue to simulate debate in this therapeutic area include whether HSDD is a condition that merits pharmacotherapy, how effective is such treatment and whether testosterone therapy is safe. Hence the question, should women receive androgen replacement therapy, and if so, how?
Silent corticotroph adenomas have unique recurrence characteristics compared with other nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas
Authors: Cho Hwa Young , Cho Sun Wook , Kim Sang Wan , Shin Chan Soo , Park Kyong Soo , Kim Seong Yeon 
Published: July 2009

SummaryObjective  The prevalence of silent corticotroph adenomas (SCAs) is not rare among nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs); however, it is unknown whether the clinical significance of SCAs differs from that of NFPAs without ACTH immunoreactivity (non‐SCAs). Our goal was to compare the clinical characteristics and natural history between patients with SCAs and non‐SCAs.Design/patients  We reviewed the medical records of all patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for NFPAs from January 1990 to October 2007 at the Seoul National University Hospital.Measurements  We analysed whether clinical manifestations at diagnosis, postoperative recurrence rate and recurrence characteristics differed between SCA and non‐SCA patients.Results  In total, 28 patients with SCAs and 134 patients with non‐SCAs were analysed. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 44 years (range, 13–67 years) in the SCA group and 50 years (18–79 years) in the non‐SCA group (P = 0·026), with respective follow‐up periods of 5·2 (range, 1·0–16·0 years) and 4·2 years (0·5–16·1 years) (P = 0·255). Overall recurrence rates of SCAs and non‐SCAs were 25·0% and 26·9% respectively (P = 0·839). More than two recurrences (P = 0·001) and recurrence after more than 5 years (P = 0·040) were associated with SCAs. Multiple recurrences of SCAs were confined to younger patients.Conclusion  The overall recurrence rate was similar between SCAs and non‐SCAs. However, young patients with SCAs had a higher frequency of multiple and late recurrences, which showed more aggressive tumour behaviour. Therefore, we suggest that patients with SCAs, especially patients diagnosed at a young age, require careful long‐term monitoring.
Enacting language games: the development of a sense of ‘we‐ness’ in online forums
Authors: Fayard Anne‐Laure , DeSanctis Gerardine 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA sense of ‘we‐ness’– enacted through collective identity and culture – is both crucial in online, remote contexts, and particularly difficult to develop in such settings. Using Wittgenstein's concept of language games, we examine how participants of two online forums construct collective identity and culture through their discursive practices. We suggest a strong performative interpretation of the notion of language games, i.e. members of a community produce a sense of we‐ness through their participation in the language game while also defining their expected behaviours and actions. We illustrate how the notion of language games offers an approach for researching and analysing the emergence of collective identity and culture in online forums.
A simple twist for signal enhancement in non‐linear optical microscopy
Authors: DE A.K. , GOSWAMI D. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryWe describe a very simple but elegant approach to two‐photon fluorescence signal enhancement by intensity modulation with immediate application in two‐photon laser‐scanning fluorescence microscopy. This method of enhancement shows potential application in any microscopic technique that result from non‐linear photon absorption and plays a pivotal role in live cell imaging.