bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐layer PBI/P84 hollow fibers for pervaporation dehydration of acetone
Authors: Shi Gui Min , Wang Yan , Chung Tai‐Shung 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAcetone dehydration via pervaporation is challenging, because acetone and water have close molecular sizes, and acetone has a much higher vapor pressure than water. Acetone is also a powerful solvent, which dissolves or swells most polymers. We have developed novel polybenzimidazole/BTDA‐TDI/MDI (PBI/P84) dual‐layer hollow fibers for pervaporation dehydration of acetone for industrial and biofuel separations. Both thermal and chemical crosslinking modifications were applied to the membranes to investigate their effectiveness to overcome acetone‐induced swelling. Thermal treatment can effectively enhance separation performance, but performance stability can only be achieved through the crosslinking modification of PBI. Crosslinking by p‐xylene dichloride followed by a thermal treatment above 250°C show significant effectiveness to improve and stabilize pervaporation performance. The fractional free volume of the PBI selective layer reduces from 3.27 to 1.98% and 1.33%, respectively, after thermal treatment and a combination of chemical/thermal crosslinking modifications characterized by positron annihilation spectroscopy. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Quantifying lateral solids mixing in a fluidized bed by modeling the thermal tracing method
Authors: Liu Daoyin , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThermal tracing is a simple method for studying solids mixing in fluidized beds. However, the measurement of temperatures is influenced by both mixing and heat transfer, which limits its usefulness for inferring mixing quantitatively. In this work, a semiempirical model is developed to quantify lateral solids mixing in fluidized beds. The model couples the tracer mass balance, the enthalpy balance of tracers and bed particles, and the response dynamic of thermometers. A series of tests is pezrformed in a lab‐scale fluidized bed, with particle sizes of 0.28–0.45, 0.45–0.6, 0.6–0.8, and 0.8–1.0 mm, and fluidizing velocity from 0.3 to 2.3 m/s. By evaluating the measured transient temperatures using the model, the lateral dispersion coefficient (Dsr) is determined to be between 0.0002 and 0.0024 m2/s. Its reliability is confirmed by bed collapse experiments. Finally, the values of Dsr is compared with a collection of data in the literature. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Hydrokinetic optimization of commercial scale slurry bubble column reactor
Authors: Strasser Wayne , Wonders Alan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn in‐depth numerical study has been carried out to investigate a high‐pressure commercial scale (2–8 m diameter, 30–40 m in height) slurry bubble column reactor. Typical superficial gas velocities are in the range of 0.5–3 m/s, and overall vapor holdups are in the range of 0.45–0.85. The study revealed that steady compartmental reaction models do not match plant data when reaction time constants are fast. Also, off‐the‐shelf commercial computational fluid dynamics codes do not produce useful information about a reactive column of this scale without first validating the model using data “anchors” from full‐scale operational columns. Important measures include both transient and time‐averaged profiles, integrals, and extrema of vapor holdup and reactants. Reactor designs based on this study show both improved productivity and product quality, allowing record production from existing plants along with substantial capital scope reduction for new plants. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Association of RGS2 variants with panic disorder in a Japanese population
Authors: Otowa Takeshi , Shimada Takafumi , Kawamura Yoshiya , Sugaya Nagisa , Yoshida Eiji , Inoue Ken , Yasuda Shin , Liu Xiaoxi , Minato Takanobu , Tochigi Mamoru , Umekage Tadashi , Kasai Kiyoto , Tanii Hisashi , Okazaki Yuji , Kaiya Hisanobu , Sasaki Tsukasa 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPanic disorder (PD) is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder with significant genetic components underlying its etiology. The gene regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) has been reported to be associated with anxiety disorders. To confirm the association of RGS2 with PD, we investigated three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of RGS2 (rs10801152, rs4606, and rs1819741) in 677 Japanese PD cases and 460 controls. The SNP rs10801152 was suggestive of an association with PD (allele P = 0.045 adjusted using sex and age as confounding factors). The three‐SNP haplotype was significantly associated with PD (global permutation P = 4 × 10−4). The haplotypes T‐G‐C and T‐C‐T showed significant association and protective effect on PD (T‐G‐C, permutation P = 0.038, OR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.68–0.95; T‐C‐T, permutation P = 0.004, OR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.21–0.70). These results provide support for an association of RGS2 with PD in a Japanese population. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dysfunctional gene splicing as a potential contributor to neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Glatt Stephen J. , Cohen Ori S. , Faraone Stephen V. , Tsuang Ming T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAlternative pre‐mRNA splicing is a major mechanism by which the proteomic diversity of eukaryotic genomes is amplified. Much akin to neuropsychiatric disorders themselves, alternative splicing events can be influenced by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors. Here, we review the evidence that abnormalities of splicing may contribute to the liability toward these disorders. First, we introduce the phenomenon of alternative splicing and describe the processes involved in its regulation. We then review the evidence for specific splicing abnormalities in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including psychotic disorders (schizophrenia), affective disorders (bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder), suicide, substance abuse disorders (cocaine abuse and alcoholism), and neurodevelopmental disorders (autism). Next, we provide a theoretical reworking of the concept of “gene‐focused” epidemiologic and neurobiologic investigations. Lastly, we suggest potentially fruitful lines for future research that should illuminate the nature, extent, causes, and consequences of alternative splicing abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absence of association between specific common variants of the obesity‐related FTO gene and psychological and behavioral eating disorder phenotypes
Authors: Jonassaint Charles R. , Szatkiewicz Jin Peng , Bulik Cynthia M. , Thornton Laura M. , Bloss Cinnamon , Berrettini Wade H. , Kaye Walter H. , Bergen Andrew W. , Magistretti Pierre , Strober Michael , Keel Pamela K. , Brandt Harry , Crawford Steve , Crow Scott , Fichter Manfred M. , Goldman David , Halmi Katherine A. , Johnson Craig , Kaplan Allan S. , Klump Kelly L. , La Via Maria , Mitchell James E. , Rotondo Alessandro , Treasure Janet , Woodside D. Blake 
Published: March 2011

AbstractExtensive population‐based genome‐wide association studies have identified an association between the FTO gene and BMI; however, the mechanism of action is still unknown. To determine whether FTO may influence weight regulation through psychological and behavioral factors, seven single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FTO gene were genotyped in 1,085 individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and 677 healthy weight controls from the international Price Foundation Genetic Studies of Eating Disorders. Each SNP was tested in association with eating disorder phenotypes and measures that have previously been associated with eating behavior pathology: trait anxiety, harm‐avoidance, novelty seeking, impulsivity, obsessionality, compulsivity, and concern over mistakes. After appropriate correction for multiple comparisons, no significant associations between individual FTO gene SNPs and eating disorder phenotypes or related eating behavior pathology were identified in cases or controls. Thus, this study found no evidence that FTO gene variants associated with weight regulation in the general population are associated with eating disorder phenotypes in AN participants or matched controls. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The association between family history of mental disorder and delusional‐like experiences: A general population study
Authors: Varghese Daniel , Saha Sukanta , Scott James D. , Chan Raymond C.K. , McGrath John J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that isolated delusional‐like experiences (DLE) are common in the general population. Furthermore, there is preliminary evidence to suggest that these experiences are more common in those with a family history of mental disorders. We had the opportunity to explore the association between family history of a wide range of mental disorders and DLE in an Australian general population survey. The Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing 2007 examined 8,841 adult community residents. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to generate various DSM‐IV lifetime diagnoses and to assess DLE. The participants were asked to report mental disorders in their first‐degree relatives. The influence of family history of mental disorders on DLE endorsement was assessed with logistic regression, with adjustments for age, sex, and the presence of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses in the respondents. A family history of anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or alcohol or illicit drug abuse/dependence was each significantly associated with endorsement of DLE, and these associations remained significant when we adjusted for the presence of mental illness in the respondents. When we examined a more restrictive definition of DLE, only a family history of depression and schizophrenia remained significantly associated with DLE. DLE are associated with a family history of a wide range of mental disorders. These findings suggest that familial factors associated with DLE may be shared with a wide range of common mental disorders. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
When and how well can human‐socialized capuchins match actions demonstrated by a familiar human?
Authors: Fragaszy Dorothy M. , Deputte Bertrand , Cooper Elizabeth Johnson , Colbert‐White Erin N. , Hémery Claire 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCapuchin monkeys have provided uneven evidence of matching actions they observe others perform. In accord with theories emphasizing the attentional salience of object movement and spatial relationships, we predicted that human‐reared monkeys would better match events in which a human demonstrator moved an object into a new relation with another object or surface than other kinds of actions. Three human‐reared capuchins were invited repeatedly by a familiar human to perform a fixed set of actions upon objects or upon their bodies, using the “Do as I do” procedure. Actions directed at the body were matched less reliably than actions involving objects, and actions were matched best when the monkey looked at the demonstration for at least 2 sec and performed its action within a few seconds after the demonstration. The most commonly matched actions were those that one monkey performed relatively often when the experiment began. One monkey partially reproduced three novel actions (out of 48 demonstrations), all three involving moving or placing objects, and two of which it also performed following other demonstrations. These findings contribute convergent evidence that capuchin monkeys display social facilitation of activity, enhanced interest in particular objects and emulation of spatial outcomes. This pattern can support the development of shared manipulative skills, as evident in traditions of foraging and tool use in natural settings. The findings do not suggest that human rearing substantively altered capuchins' ability or interest in matching the actions of a familiar human, although visual attention to the human demonstrator may have been greater in these monkeys than in normally reared monkeys. Am. J. Primatol. 73:643–654, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nukleinsäure‐basierte molekulare Werkzeuge
Authors: Krishnan Yamuna , Simmel Friedrich C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn der Biologie sind die Nukleinsäuren die Träger der molekularen Information: Die DNA‐Basensequenz speichert und vermittelt genetische Anweisungen, während die RNA‐Sequenz der Weitergabe der Information sowie der Regulation der Genexpression dient. Als Biopolymere haben Nukleinsäuren auch interessante physikochemische Eigenschaften, die sich darüber hinaus auf unzählige Weise über die Basensequenz rational verändern lassen. Es verwundert daher nicht, dass Nukleinsäuren in den letzten Jahren wichtige Bausteine für die Bottom‐up‐Nanotechnologie geworden sind: als Moleküle für die Selbstorganisation molekularer Nanostrukturen, aber auch als Material zum Aufbau maschinenähnlicher Nanobauteile. In diesem Aufsatz werden wir die wichtigsten Entwicklungen auf dem wachsenden Gebiet der Nukleinsäure‐Nanobauteile zusammenfassen. Wir werden auch einen Überblick über die biochemischen und biophysikalischen Hintergründe des Gebiets sowie über die “historischen” Einflüsse, von denen es geprägt wurde, geben. Besonderes Augenmerk wird molekularen DNA‐Motoren, der molekularen Robotik, der molekularen Datenverarbeitung sowie Anwendungen von Nukleinsäure‐Nanobauteilen in der Biologie gelten.
Effects of Spikes in the Price of Gasoline on Behavioral Intentions: A Mental Accounting Explanation
Authors: Godek John , Murray Kyle B. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIn recent years, gasoline prices have spiked in response to world events, only to fall again within weeks or months. Anecdotal evidence suggests that these price fluctuations have a substantial impact on consumers' planned spending and their overall perceptions of financial well‐being. We propose that consumers' behavioral intentions in response to these spikes are driven in part by how consumers mentally account for the fluctuations in gasoline prices. Specifically, we contend that people allocate sharp increases in the price per gallon of gasoline to a comprehensive mental account. As a result, such increases affect consumers' perceptions of their overall cost of living and have far‐reaching effects on their planned spending. These predictions are tested in three experiments. The paper concludes with the discussion of a theoretical and applied implications of the results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recombinant Lucilia Sericata chymotrypsin in a topical hydrogel formulation degrades human wound eschar ex vivo
Authors: Britland Stephen , Smith Annie , Finter Wayne , Eagland Donald , Vowden Kath , Vowden Peter , Telford Gary , Brown Alan , Pritchard David 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLarval biotherapy is a debridement tool used in wound management. The mechanism of action involves degradation of eschar by serine proteases including chymotrypsin within the alimentary fluids of first instar Lucilia sericata. With the rationale of obviating some limitations of biotherapy, including cost, complexity of use, and patient reticence, the present study describes a mobile hydrogel formulation containing freeze‐dried recombinant L. sericata chymotrypsin designed for topical application. Neither freeze‐drying nor formulation into the hydrogel significantly attenuated the measured activity of released enzyme compared to fresh‐frozen enzyme in aqueous solution. Gel electrophoresis confirmed qualitatively that the chymotrypsin/hydrogel formulation both with and without supplementary urea at 10% w/v degraded human chronic wound eschar ex vivo. Mindful that the hallmark of intractability of chronic wounds is aberrant biochemistry, the pH activity profile for the enzyme/hydrogel formulation was compared with exudate pH in chronic wounds of mixed aetiology in a cohort of 48 hospital in‐patients. Five patients' wounds were acidic, however, the remainder were predominantly alkaline and coincided with the pH optimum for the insect enzyme. Thus, a recombinant L. sericata chymotrypsin and hydrogel formulation could represent a pragmatic alternative to larval therapy for the management of chronic wounds. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Determination of robustness and optimal work conditions for a purification process of a therapeutic recombinant protein using response surface methodology
Authors: Amadeo Ignacio , Mauro Laura V. , Ortí Eduardo , Forno Guillermina 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA typical chromatographic purification step has numerous operating parameters that can impact its performance. As it is not feasible to evaluate the influence of each one, the current practice in biopharmaceutical industry is to apply risk analysis approach to identify process parameters that should be examined during process characterization. Once these parameters are identified, a response surface study can be run to help understand the relationship between critical inputs and outputs. We performed a study comprising optimization and robustness determination for a Blue‐Sepharose purification step of rhEPO, a well‐known therapeutic glycoprotein. Initially, risk analysis was fulfilled to identify key parameters. A small‐scale model was created and qualified before its use in experimental studies, given by a Box–Behnken design with three factors. This method proved to be a very useful tool in bioprocess validation studies in which many input variables can affect product quality and safety. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
A model‐based method for investigating bioenergetic processes in autotrophically growing eukaryotic microalgae: Application to the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Cogne Guillaume , Rügen Marco , Bockmayr Alexander , Titica Mariana , Dussap Claude‐Gilles , Cornet Jean‐François , Legrand Jack 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA constraint‐based modeling approach was developed to investigate the metabolic response of the eukaryotic microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under photoautotrophic conditions. The model explicitly includes thermodynamic and energetic constraints on the functioning metabolism. A mixed integer linear programming method was used to determine the optimal flux distributions with regard to this set of constraints. It enabled us, in particular, to highlight the existence of a light‐driven respiration depending on the incident photon flux density in photobioreactors functioning in physical light limitation. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
1,4‐Dialkynylbutatrienes: Synthesis, Stability, and Perspectives in the Chemistry of carbo‐Benzenes
Authors: Maraval Valérie , Leroyer Léo , Harano Aya , Barthes Cécile , Saquet Alix , Duhayon Carine , Shinmyozu Teruo , Chauvin Remi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe π‐electron‐rich C8‐conjugated sequence of 1,4‐dialkynylbutatrienes is identified as a fragile and fascinating motif occurring in carbo‐benzene derivatives, and in Diederich’s 1,4‐bis(arylethynyl)‐ or 1,4‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)butatriene “capped” representatives, in particular, in tetraalkynylbutatriene. The family of symmetrical 1,4‐dialkynylbutatrienes (ECC)RCCCCR(CCE) is extended to functional caps (E=H, CH3, CCPh, CPhCHBr, or CPhCBr2) with non‐alkynyl substituents at the sp2 vertices (R=Ph or CF3). The targets were selected for their potential in appealing retrosynthetic routes to carbo‐benzenes, in which the aromatic C18 macrocycle would be directly generated by sequential metathesis or reductive coupling processes. The functional 1,4‐dialkynylbutrienes were synthesized by either classical methods used for the preparation of generic butatrienes (R′Li/CuX‐mediated reductive coupling of gem‐dihaloenynes or SnCl2/HCl‐mediated reduction of 3,6‐dioxy‐octa‐1,4,7‐triyne precursors). Their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties are compared and analyzed on the basis of the relative extent of total conjugation.
Controlled Supramolecular Oligomerization of C3‐Symmetrical Molecules in Water: The Impact of Hydrophobic Shielding
Authors: Besenius Pol , van den Hout Kelly P. , Albers Harald M. H. G. , de Greef Tom F. A. , Olijve Luuk L. C. , Hermans Thomas M. , de Waal Bas F. M. , Bomans Paul H. H. , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M. , Portale Giuseppe , Palmans Anja R. A. , van Genderen Marcel H. P. , Vekemans Jef A. J. M. , Meijer E. W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe supramolecular oligomerization of three water‐soluble C3‐symmetrical discotic molecules is reported. The compounds all possess benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide cores and peripheral GdIII–DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) moieties, but differ in their linker units and thus in their propensity to undergo secondary interactions in H2O. The self‐assembly behavior of these molecules was studied in solution using circular dichroism, UV/Vis spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The aggregation concentration of these molecules depends on the number of secondary interactions and on the solvophobic character of the polymerizing moieties. Hydrophobic shielding of the hydrogen‐bonding motif in the core of the discotic is of paramount importance for yielding stable, helical aggregates that are designed to be restricted in size through anti‐cooperative, electrostatic, repulsive interactions.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Hydrogen‐Atom Abstraction from Rhodium Hydrides by Alkyl Radicals in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Pestovsky Oleg , Veysey Stephen W. , Bakac Andreja 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe kinetics of the reaction of benzyl radicals with [L1(H2O)RhH{D}]2+ (L1=1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane) were studied directly by laser‐flash photolysis. The rate constants for the two isotopologues, k=(9.3±0.6) × 107 M−1 s−1 (H) and (6.2±0.3) × 107 M−1 s−1 (D), lead to a kinetic isotope effect kH/kD=1.5±0.1. The same value was obtained from the relative yields of PhCH3 and PhCH2D in a reaction of benzyl radicals with a mixture of rhodium hydride and deuteride. Similarly, the reaction of methyl radicals with {[L1(H2O)RhH]2+ + [L1(H2O)RhD]2+} produced a mixture of CH4 and CH3D that yielded kH/kD=1.42±0.07. The observed small normal isotope effects in both reactions are consistent with reduced sensitivity to isotopic substitution in very fast hydrogen‐atom abstraction reactions. These data disprove a literature report claiming much slower kinetics and an inverse kinetic isotope effect for the reaction of methyl radicals with hydrides of L1Rh.