bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living kidney organ donation: experiences of spousal support of donors
Authors: Taylor Laura A , McMullen Patricia 
Published: August 2010

Aim.  The purpose of this study was to explore the process of living kidney donation as experienced by husbands of donors to aid nurses and all members of the health care team in promoting informed consent for those considering living donation and to promote the well being of spouses of living donors, donors and their families.Background.  The attitudes of husbands of living kidney donors may affect their decision to donate and satisfaction with recovery from donation surgery, thus it is critical to know how husbands of living kidney donors view kidney donation.Methods.  Eleven male spouses of living kidney donors were interviewed three months following their wife's donation. Grounded theory methodology was used to inaugurate a substantive theory that describes living kidney donation and its impact on the spousal relationship and family, as experienced by the husband of a donor.Results.  The result of the data analysis was a substantive theory pertaining strictly to the husbands’ experiences as the spouse of the living kidney donor. The process commenced with scheduling of the living donation followed by the postoperative time frame, including bringing the donor wife home. The core variable, ‘Fulfilling Your Vows’, described attitudes, behaviours and actions that guided husbands in successfully and generously caring for their wives, their families, the recipients and themselves throughout the living kidney donation process and continuing ‘to this day’.Relevance to clinical practice.  The substantive theory of ‘Fulfilling Your Vows’ will guide nurses and other transplant specialists in helping to improve fully informed consent of potential donors before surgery and in developing supportive strategies to maximize spouse, donor and family outcomes throughout the transplantation process.
The quality and suitability of written educational materials for patients*
Authors: Demir Fatma , Ozsaker Esma , Ilce Arzu Ozcan 
Published: August 2010

Aim.  In this study, the quality and suitability of written educational materials being used for the education of patients in surgical departments of hospitals were studied.Background.  In the literature, it is stated that most of the educational materials for patients are not suitable from the aspects of contents, structure, design, composition and language.Method.  In this descriptive type study, which was carried out between March and May 2006, 59 examples of written educational material used for patient education at 138 surgical clinics were evaluated for quality and suitability. The written educational materials obtained were evaluated independently by researchers from the aspect of quality and suitability. The DISCERN measuring instrument was used in the evaluation of the reliability of the written educational materials and the Evaluation of the Suitability of Written Materials form was used in the evaluation of suitability.Results.  It was determined that the educational materials received low scores for reliability and information quality. It was determined that the total scores for the written educational materials were average for suitability.Conclusion.  It was determined that there were no written educational materials in more than half of the surgical units included in the study. It was also found that the educational materials had serious deficiencies.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study showed that there was no adequate written patient educational material at the clinics. This deficiency in written educational materials could be eliminated by having them prepared by health professionals in accordance with guidebooks and taking the target group into account.
Attitudes toward dementia‐related aggression among staff in Japanese aged care settings
Authors: Nakahira Miwa , Moyle Wendy , Creedy Debra , Hitomi Hiroe 
Published: August 2010

Aim and objective.  This study investigated attitudes of Japanese aged care staff toward aggression by people with dementia. Relationships between staff attitudes, professional characteristics and clinical practice were explored.Background.  Aggressive behaviour is often demonstrated by people with dementia and may be influenced by many factors including an inability by the individual to appropriately express their needs, difficulties with assessment, as well as organisational and practice issues.Design.  Survey.Method.  Twenty‐seven facilities/organisations located in the western and middle parts of Japan were surveyed. Staff (n = 675) employed in these facilities provided personal and professional information and completed the Attitudes Towards Aggression Scale.Results.  Staff who were older, had more clinical experience, higher education and/or a higher position reported more positive attitudes towards patient aggression. Staff with negative attitudes towards patients who are aggressive reported using chemical and/or physical restraint more often than staff with positive attitudes.Conclusions.  Dementia education as well as restraint policy will be useful in addressing negative staff attitudes, in particular it may help to reverse the myth that restraint is necessary for staff protection. Furthermore, staff counseling may help to reduce stressors and to change staff negative attitudes towards people with dementia who display aggression.Relevance to clinical practice.  The findings show that negative staff attitudes may adversely affect clinical decision making and patient care. Measuring attitudes can identify areas requiring education or skill development and enable changes in attitudes to be monitored over time.
Pre‐ and postpartum levels of childbirth fear and the relationship to birth outcomes in a cohort of Australian women
Authors: Fenwick Jennifer , Gamble Jenny , Nathan Elizabeth , Bayes Sara , Hauck Yvonne 
Published: August 2010

Aim.  To investigate pre‐ and postpartum levels of childbirth fear in a cohort of childbearing women and explore the relationship to birth outcomes.Background.  While results are mixed, there is evidence that fear of childbirth is associated with mode of birth. Limited theoretical work around childbirth fear has been undertaken with Australian women.Design.  A prospective correlation design.Method.  Women (n = 401) completed the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W‐DEQ) version A at 36 weeks gestation, with 243 (61%) women also completing version B at six weeks postpartum. Scores were summarised with means and standard deviations. Content analysis of the free statements identified nine issues of concern.Results.  Twenty‐six per cent of pregnant women reported low levels of childbirth fear, 48% were moderately fearful and 26% were highly fearful. Fear decreased after birth for those women in the high antenatal fear group, however surgical intervention at birth (n = 238, anova, F1,230 = 12·39, p = 0·001) and suspected fetal compromise (F1,230 = 4·33, p = 0·039) increased levels of postpartum fear. Univariately, high antenatal fear was associated with emergency caesarean delivery (n = 324, Wald 5·05, p = 0·025) however after adjustment for nulliparity and fetal compromise the association disappeared. Australian‐born women were more likely to report higher levels of fear and experience higher rates of caesarean section than participants of non‐Australian origin.Conclusions.  Results support those from earlier studies in showing that nulliparous women experience more fear than parous women before birth and that there is no difference in levels of postpartum fear between these two groups. Fear levels were higher in Australian women when compared to a Swedish sample.Relevance to clinical practice.  The results of this study add to our preliminary understanding of the phenomena of childbirth fear within an Australian context and are particularly useful in profiling women for whom secondary fear of childbirth is more likely to occur.
Living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease (ALS/MND): decision‐making about ‘ongoing change and adaptation’
Authors: King Susan J , Duke Maxine M , O’Connor Barrie A 
Published: August 2010

Aims and objectives.  To present a model that explicates the dimensions of change and adaptation as revealed by people who are diagnosed and live with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease.Background.  Most research about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease is medically focused on cause and cure for the illness. Although psychological studies have sought to understand the illness experience through questionnaires, little is known about the experience of living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease as described by people with the disease.Design.  A grounded theory method of simultaneous data collection and constant comparative analysis was chosen for the conduct of this study.Methods.  Data collection involved in‐depth interviews, electronic correspondence, field notes, as well as stories, prose, songs and photographs important to participants. QSR NVivo 2® software was used to manage the data and modelling used to illustrate concepts.Findings.  Participants used a cyclic, decision‐making pattern about ‘ongoing change and adaptation’ as they lived with the disease. This pattern formed the basis of the model that is presented in this paper.Conclusion.  The lives of people living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease revolve around the need to make decisions about how to live with the disease progression and their deteriorating abilities. Life decisions were negotiated by participants to maintain a sense of self and well‐being in the face of change.Relevance to clinical practice.  The ‘ongoing change and adaptation’ model is a framework that can guide practitioners to understand the decision‐making processes of people living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease. Such understanding will enhance caring and promote models of care that are person‐centred. The model may also have relevance for people with other life limiting diseases and their care.
Nurses values, attitudes and behaviour related to falls prevention
Authors: Dempsey Jennifer 
Published: August 2010

Aim.  To test changes in adherence to nurses’ falls prevention work resulting from improving attitudes and ownership of practice.Background.  Workforce surveys indicate that nurses leave nursing because they cannot deliver the care they value. When challenged why, nurses claim no power of decision‐making or authority to change their work with dissatisfaction and disengagement with work ensuing. Nurses espouse ‘caring’ but are observed taking risks with patients’ safety reflecting poor congruence between values and behaviours. Attitudes and decision‐making involvement are factors that influence work behaviours. Hence, increased adherence should be achieved by improving nurses’ attitudes through active decision‐making surrounding practice.Design.  Mixed methods study.Methods.  Mixed methods were employed during 2004 by surveying attitudes (self‐esteem, professional values and work satisfaction) before and after re‐engineering nurses’ work using practice development (PD) to gain time to spend in prevention work. Practice behaviour was observed and measured at intervals during the study.Results.  Initially, nurses had good self‐esteem and professional values but were not satisfied with their work. Following the PD, self‐esteem and professional values were unaffected; however, nurses expressed increased sense of ownership and greater satisfaction. Nurses were observed to engage in more prevention work. More effective ways of assessing and communicating risk and monitoring nurses’ performance of prevention work were created and evaluated. Patients’ environments were made safer and more patient‐centred.Conclusion.  Manipulation of attitudes and values is not warranted if attitudes and values are good. However, participation in work‐related decision‐making engages practitioners and leads to greater congruence between values and behaviour. Recommendations include promoting reflection and action to achieve cultural change and person‐centred care.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study is relevant to international readership as adds to what is known about nurses’ practice behaviours related to falls prevention and will assist others when designing and implementing programs that address patient safety and optimise nurses’ adherence.
Effect of daily loperamide administration on gastrointestinal myoelectric activity
Authors: TELFORD G. L. , VARNER D. E. , McMANUS L. L. , WALGENBACH‐TELFORD S. , OTTERSON M. F. , CONDON R. E. , SARNA S. K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of daily administration of loperamide on gastrointestinal myoelectric activity. Six dogs were randomly administered three regimens–placebo, low dose loperamide (0.10–0.15 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and high dose loperamide (0.30–0.36 mg/kg/day, p.o.)–for one week each. Using surgically implanted bipolar electrodes, gastrointestinal myoelectric activity was recorded on at least 2 fed and 2 fasted experimental days for each regimen. In the fasted state, low dose loperamide decreased MMC cycle length, initiated intestinal amyogenesia in 40% of experiments, but did not induce vomiting. High‐dose loperamide in the fasted state did not change MMC cycle length, but induced vomiting in 50% of experiments and initiated intestinal amyogenesia in 43% of experiments. The rate of occurrence of the myoelectric carrelates of giant migrating contractions (GMCs) and retrograde giant contractions (RGCs) increased with loperamide administration at both doses, as did the rate of occurrence of fed state MMCs. We conclude that daily oral administration of loperamide results in: (1) a dose‐dependent effect on MMC cycle length; (2) intestinal amyogenesia; (3) an increase in frequency of vomiting at higher doses; and (4) an increase in incidence of GMCs and RGCs.
Alterations of colonic motility after oral administration of prostaglandin E1analogue misoprostol in man
Authors: DELVAUX M. , STAUMONT G. , FIORAMONTI J. , BUENO L. , FREXINOS J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study describes the motor changes observed in human colon under normal feeding schedule, after administration of a single oral does of misoprostol, a PGE1synthetic analogue. Fourteen patients (3 men, 11 women, mean age 45±7 years), with chronic abdominal pain but without any detectable organic digestive disease were studied. The colonic motor activity was recorded by endoluminal electromyography during 218‐h recording sessions over 2 consecutive days. Misoprostol 600 μg or placebo was randomly administered in double‐blind manner either on the first or the second day of the recording period. In 8 patients, misoprostol was administered orally 1 h before the dinner (17.30 hours) and in 6 patients at the beginning of the night‐time (23.00hours). Meals were standardized and scheduled during the whole recording session in the same way for all patients.After placebo, colonic response to feeding was characterized by an increase in colonic motor activity mainly concerning the percentage of time occupied by long spike bursts (LSBs =+232%) and migrating long spike bursts (MLSBs =+214%) (p < 0.05). Short spike burst activity (SSBs) was not affected by feeding. Administered before the meal, misoprostol (600 μg) strongly reduced percentage of time occupied by the LSBs activity during post‐cibal period (‐46%) when compared to placebo (P < 0.01). On the contrary, MLSBs and SSBs activities were similar in post‐prandial period after placebo and misoprostol. Administration of misoprostol during the nighttime did not affect the basic colonie myoelectrical pattern when compared to placebo.We conclude that an oral administration of misoprostol before a meal alters the colonic response to feeding, mainly the contractile activity of LSBs.
Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) increases post‐prandial duodenal motor activity in humans
Authors: MAYER E. A. , SYTNIK B. , REDDY S. N. , van DEVENTER G. M. , TACHÉ Y. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effects of peripherally administered Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) on post‐prandial gastrointestinal motility were studied in normal subjects. Pressure activity was monitored for 90 min pre‐and 120 min post‐prandially in the antrum and duodenum in 8 healthy male volunteers (mean age 45.5 years). Subjects received, on separate days, ovine CRF (0.6 nmol/kg) or vehicle, infused intravenously over 5 min, 15 min after the beginning of the meal. In all subjects, CRF infusion transiently increased the frequency of contractile events to the frequency of the duodenal slow wave (11.7 ± 0.3 cpm). The postprandial duodenal mobility index (MI) after CRF infusion was significantly greater (7.72 ± 0.29) when compared to vehicle infusion (4.34 ± 0.14) (mean ± SEM; P < 0.001). However, the fraction of propagated contractile events was not altered significantly after CRF when compared to vehicle. In contrast, the antral post‐prandial MI was not affected by the CRF application. Serum cortisol levels increased significantly at 60 and 90 min post‐CRF injection. These data indicate that CRF transiently switches the post‐prandial duodenal motor activity to a band of non‐propagated high frequency contractions, but does not affect antral contractions.
Changes in gastric electrical activity in patients with severe post‐operative nausea and vomiting
Authors: CLEVERS G. J. , SMOUT A. J. P. M. , Van Der SCHEE E. J. , AKKERMANS L. M. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGastric electrical activity in a group of patients with severe nausea and repeated vomiting in the post‐operative phase following major abdominal surgery (Group A, n = 21), was compared to that in a control group of patients without symptoms after colonic surgery (Group B, n = 14). Physical signs related to the digestive tract were assessed and electrical activity of the stomach was measured non‐invasively by means of electrogastrography (EGG) and impedance gastrography (IGG). Two EGG/IGG recordings were performed in each patient. In group A the first recording was carried out after the onset of nausea and/or vomiting and a second control recording after disappearance of these symptoms and resumption of a normal diet. In group B the post‐operative recording was performed on the second post‐operative day, the control EGG/IGG signals were recorded pre‐operatively. EGG and IGG could be successfully recorded in the post‐operative phase, even in nauseated and vomiting patients. During post‐operative nausea and vomiting power and frequency of the normal gastric myoelectrical activity (0.04–0.06 Hz) were not significantly lower than in the control recordings. In the first post‐operative recordings (in Group A during nausea and vomiting and in Group B on the second post‐operative day) an increased incidence of abnormal gastric frequencies (tachygastrias, 0.10–0.18 Hz) was observed in both groups. No significant difference between the groups was found. After nausea and vomiting had subsided in Group A, the incidence of tachygastrias was persistently high.
Effects of duodenal flow on interdigestive patterns of small bowel myoelectric activity
Authors: PRABHAKAR L. P. , HERKES S. M. , SMITH C. D. , BEHRNS K. E. , SARR M. G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFactors regulating the conversion of the interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) to postprandial patterns of motility are not completely understood. This study assessed the effects of varying rates of nonnutrient duodenal flow on patterns of interdigestive motility before and after abdominal vagotomy. Six neurally intact dogs were prepared with serosal intestinal electrodes and a duodenal infusion catheter. After recovery, the dogs were studied by infusing an isosmolar, noncaloric, balanced electrolyte solution at rates of 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 ml/min for 5 hours into the proximal duodenum. With increasing rates of duodenal infusion, the duration of phase I decreased progressively (P < 0.05), while the period of the MMC remained unchanged. The MMC was eventually inhibited at rates of 9 or 12 ml/min with establishment of a pattern of intermittent spike activity. These findings were similar in 3 of these dogs after transthoracic total abdominal vagotomy. Our findings suggest that increases in duodenal infusion rate, independent of caloric or nutrient content, modulate patterns of intestinal motility during the postprandial period; this effect does not appear to be vagally mediated.
Effects of modifications of gastric motility on the membrane potential of the coeliac ganglionic neurons in the rabbit
Authors: MAZET B. , NIEL J. P. , MIOLAN J. P. , ROMAN C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe involvement of gastric motility in the slow variations of membrane potential of sympathetic ganglionic neurons was investigated in rabbit.The present study was performed in vitro on the coeliac plexus connected to the stomach. The electrical activity of ganglionic neurons was investigated using intracellular recording techniques. Spontaneous increases in basal intragastric pressure triggered slow hyperpolarizations of the ganglionic neurons (n = 7), the duration of which was similar to that of the increase in the basal pressure. Conversely, cooling of the nerve trunks connecting the coeliac plexus to the stomach induced a slow depolarization of the ganglionic neurons (n = 3). Carbachol‐induced increases in basal intra‐gastric pressure modified the membrane potential of ganglionic neurons in several ways: hyperpolarization (n = 6), depolarization (n = 4), hyperpolarization followed by depolarization (n = 2), and these modifications lasted longer than the modifications of gastric motility. After cooling of the nerve trunks connecting the coeliac plexus to the stomach, the carbachol‐induced variations of gastric motility were no longer able to modify the membrane potential of the ganglionic neurons.These results demonstrate that modifications of the gastric motility can trigger slow modifications of the resting membrane potential of coeliac neurons and therefore could modify their excitability. This suggests that gastric motility can modify at the postsynaptic level the transmission of central or peripheral inputs to ganglionic neurons.
Oral cisapride increases gallbladder volume in volunteers
Authors: ZIEGENHAGEN D. J. , GLIMM E. , KRUIS W. , ZEHNTER E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIt has been previously reported that intravenous application of cisapride leads to a contraction of the gallbladder. To evaluate this potential prokinetic effect cisapride was given to healthy subjects in the clinically relevant oral form. In a randomized double‐blinded placebo controlled design gallbladder volumes were monitored by ultrasound.Orally given single doses above 5 mg cisapride resulted in a significant increase of gallbladder volume reaching a maximum of 176.7 ± 10.0% at 90 min after ingestion of the 40 mg dose. This effect was observed over more than 3 h.Contraction after a standard meal was significantly impaired by 20 mg cisapride (minimal residual volumes 8.4 ± 2.3% vs. 18.7 ± 3.7%; P < 0.05). Refilling of the gallbladder started significantly earlier after cisapride ingestion.The underlying mechanisms of these observations being in contrast to the prokinetic effects cisapride generally exerts on the gastrointestinal tract are still unknown.