bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Care Utilization and Costs Associated with Physical and Nonphysical‐Only Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Bonomi Amy E. , Anderson Melissa L. , Rivara Frederick P. , Thompson Robert S. 
Published: March 2009

Objective. To estimate health care utilization and costs associated with the type of intimate partner violence (IPV) women experience by the timing of their abuse.Methods. A total of 3,333 women (ages 18–64) were randomly sampled from the membership files of a large health plan located in a metropolitan area and participated in a telephone survey to assess IPV history, including the type of IPV (physical IPV or nonphysical abuse only) and the timing of the abuse (ongoing; recent, not ongoing but occurring in the past 5 years; remote, ending at least 5 years prior). Automated annual health care utilization and costs were assembled over 7.4 years for women with physical IPV and nonphysical abuse only by the time period during which their abuse occurred (ongoing, recent, remote), and compared with those of never‐abused women (reference group).Results. Mental health utilization was significantly higher for women with physical or nonphysical abuse only compared with never‐abused women—with the highest use among women with ongoing abuse (relative risk for those with ongoing abuse: physical, 2.61; nonphysical, 2.18). Physically abused women also used more emergency department, hospital outpatient, primary care, pharmacy, and specialty services; for emergency department, pharmacy, and specialty care, utilization was the highest for women with ongoing abuse. Total annual health care costs were higher for physically abused women, with the highest costs for ongoing abuse (42 percent higher compared with nonabused women), followed by recent (24 percent higher) and remote abuse (19 percent higher). Women with recent nonphysical abuse only had annual costs that were 33 percent higher than nonabused women.Conclusion. Physical and nonphysical abuse contributed to higher health care utilization, particularly mental health services utilization.
Effect of a Risk‐Based Multifactorial Fall Prevention Program on the Incidence of Falls
Authors: Salminen Marika J. , Vahlberg Tero J. , Salonoja Maritta T. , Aarnio Pertti T.T. , Kivelä Sirkka‐Liisa 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of a multifactorial fall prevention program on falls and to identify the subgroups that benefit the most.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Community‐dwelling subjects who had fallen at least once during the previous 12 months.PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred ninety‐one subjects randomized into intervention (IG) (n=293) and control (CG) (n=298) groups.INTERVENTION: A multifactorial 12‐month fall prevention program.MEASUREMENTS: Incidence of falls.RESULTS: The intervention did not reduce the incidence of falls overall (incidence rate ratio (IRR) for IG vs CG=0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.72–1.19). In subgroup analyses, significant interactions between subgroups and groups (IG and CG) were found for depressive symptoms (P=.006), number of falls during the previous 12 months (P=.003), and self‐perceived risk of falling (P=.045). The incidence of falls decreased in subjects with a higher number of depressive symptoms (IRR=0.50, 95% CI=0.28–0.88), whereas it increased in those with a lower number of depressive symptoms (IRR=1.20, 95% CI=0.92–1.57). The incidence of falls decreased also in those with at least three previous falls (IRR=0.59, 95% CI=0.38–0.91) compared to those with one or two previous falls (IRR=1.28, 95% CI=0.95–1.72). The intervention was also more effective in subjects with high self‐perceived risk of falling (IRR=0.77, 95% CI=0.55–1.06) than in those with low self‐perceived risk (IRR=1.28, 95% CI=0.88–1.86).CONCLUSION: The program was not effective in reducing falls in the total sample of community‐dwelling subjects with a history of falling, but the incidence of falls decreased in participants with a higher number of depressive symptoms and in those with at least three falls.
Prevalence of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Residents and Staff in Nursing Homes in Northern Ireland
Authors: Baldwin Naomi S. , Gilpin Deirdre F. , Hughes Carmel M. , Kearney Mary P. , Gardiner D. Ann , Cardwell Chris , Tunney Michael M. 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in residents and staff in nursing homes in one geographically defined health administration area of Northern Ireland.DESIGN: Point prevalence study.SETTING: Nursing homes.PARTICIPANTS: Residents and staff in nursing homes.MEASUREMENTS: Nasal swabs were taken from all consenting residents and staff. If relevant, residents also provided urine samples, and swabs were taken from wounds and indwelling devices.RESULTS: A total of 1,111 residents (66% of all residents) and 553 staff (86% of available staff) in 45 nursing homes participated. The combined prevalence rate of MRSA in the resident population was 23.3% (95% confidence interval (CI)=18.8–27.7%) and 7.5% in staff (95% CI=5.1–9.9%). Residents who lived in nursing homes that were part of a chain were more likely to be colonized with MRSA (odds ratio (OR)=1.91, 95% CI=1.21–3.02) than those living in independently owned facilities. Residents were also more likely to be colonized if they lived in homes in which more than 12.5% of all screened healthcare staff (care assistants and nurses) were colonized with MRSA (OR=2.46, 95% CI=1.41–4.29) or if they lived in homes in which more than 15% of care assistants were colonized with MRSA (OR=2.64, 95% CI=1.58–4.42).CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that there is substantial colonization of MRSA in nursing home residents and staff in this one administrative health area. Implementation of infection control strategies should be given high priority in nursing homes.
Semiparametric Theory and Missing Data by TSIATIS, A. A.
Authors: Rotnitzky Andrea 
Published: March 2009

Semiparametric Theory and Missing Data(A. A. Tsiatis)Andrea RotnitzkyMissing Data in Longitudinal Studies: Strategies for Bayesian Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis(M. J. Daniels and J. W. Hogan)Daniel F. HeitjanBayesian Biostatistics and Diagnostic Medicine(L. D. Broemeling)Paul GustafsonStatistics in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 3rd edition(C. R. Buncher and J.‐Y. Tsay, Editors)Ralph B. D'Agostino Jr.Introduction to Machine Learning and Bioinformatics(S. Mitra, S. Datta, T. Perkins, and G. Michailidis)Yulan LiangThe Statistics of Gene Mapping(D. Siegmund and B. Yakir)Hongyu ZhaoDNA Methylation Microarrays: Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis(S.‐C. Wang and A. Petronis)Kimberly D. SiegmundMultiple Testing Procedures with Applications to Genomics(S. Dudoit and M. J. van der Laan)Ruth HellerThe Statistical Analysis of Functional MRI Data(N. A. Lazar)Wesley K. ThompsonSimulation and Inference for Stochastic Differential Equations with R Examples(S. M. Iacus)Dave CampbellNonparametric Analysis of Univariate Heavy‐Tailed Data: Research and Practice(N. Markovich)M. Ivette GomesTime Series Analysis with Applications in R, 2nd edition(J. D. Cryer and K.‐S. Chan)Timothy D. JohnsonBrief Reports by the EditorAnalysis of Variance and Covariance: How to Choose and Construct Models for the Life Sciences(C. P. Doncaster and A. J. H. Davey)Computational Statistics Handbook with MATLAB®, 2nd edition(W. L. Martinez and A. R. Martinez)Models for Probability and Statistical Inference: Theory and Applications(J. H. Stapleton)Medical Biostatistics, 2nd edition(A. Indrayan)Computational Methods in Biomedical Research(R. Khattree and D. N. Naik, Editors)
Women's Decisions to Seek Treatment for the Symptoms of Potential Cardiac Illness
Authors: Turris Sheila A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCardiac disease is the number one killer of Canadian women, and therapies are often highly time dependent. Consequently, understanding the forms of knowledge that women draw upon to understand and interpret their symptoms of a potential cardiac event may be important in relation to efforts to reduce treatment‐seeking delay. Data for this grounded‐theory study were drawn from in‐depth interviews with 16 women who went to one of two emergency departments between June 2005 and June 2006 for the treatment of symptoms indicating potential cardiac illness. The basic social process of maintaining integrity explained the women's interpretations of, and actions in relation to, their symptoms. This paper indicates the findings as they relate to specific forms of knowledge the women used to make decisions about treatment‐seeking, including embodied, temporal, rational, and relational ways of knowing. Clinical Relevance: The results of this study contribute to the body of knowledge with regard to women's decisions about seeking treatment for the symptoms of potential cardiac illness.
Atopic dermatitis in adults: evaluation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferation response to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins A and B and analysis of interleukin‐18 secretion
Authors: Orfali Raquel Leão , Sato Maria Notomi , Takaoka Roberto , Azor Mayce Helena , Rivitti Evandro Ararigbóia , Hanifin Jon M. , Aoki Valéria 
Published: March 2009

Abstract:Background:  Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease with a high prevalence and complex pathogenesis. The skin of AD patients is usually colonized by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus); its exotoxins may trigger or enhance the cutaneous inflammation. Several mediators are related to the AD immune imbalance and interleukin‐18 (IL‐18), an inflammatory cytokine, may play a role in the atopic skin inflammation.Aims:  To evaluate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferation response to staphylococcal enterotoxins A (SEA) and B (SEB) and the levels of IL‐18 in adults with AD.Methods:  Thirty‐eight adult patients with AD and 33 healthy controls were analysed. PBMC were stimulated with SEA and SEB, phytohemaglutinin (PHA), pokeweed (PWM), tetanus toxoid (TT) and Candida albicans (CMA). IL‐18 secretion from PBMC culture supernatants and sera were measured by ELISA.Results:  A significant inhibition of the PBMC proliferation response to SEA, PHA, TT and CMA of AD patients was detected (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, increased levels of IL‐18 were detected both in sera and non‐stimulated PBMC culture supernatants from AD patients (P ≤ 0.05).Conclusions:  A decreased PBMC proliferation response to distinct antigens and mitogens (TT, CMA, SEA and PHA) in adults with AD suggest a compromised immune profile. IL‐18 secretion from AD upon stimulation was similar from controls, which may indicate a diverse mechanism of skin inflammation maintained by Staphylococcus aureus. On the other hand, augmented IL‐18 secretion from AD sera and non‐stimulated cell culture may enhance the immune dysfunction observed in AD, leading to constant skin inflammation.
The influence of the Creative Learning Assessment (CLA) on children's learning and teachers' teaching
Authors: Ellis Sue , Lawrence Becky 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper describes the development and use of the Creative Learning Assessment (CLA) as a means of evidencing, supporting and promoting children's creative learning in arts‐based contexts. The research team at the Centre for Literacy in Primary Education (CLPE) worked with a group of teachers in inner‐city Lambeth primary schools to develop an assessment system to record the impact of a creative curriculum on children's achievement and to enable schools to justify a broad‐based provision. The Assessing Learning and Communication in Creative Learning Contexts project, funded by CfBT Education Trust (CfBT), aimed to offer teachers a view of creative learning development and a framework for teacher assessment. It set out to provide a close focus on the learner and a valuable source of information for curriculum planning. This article discusses the effect of working with the CLA on children's learning and on teachers' practice through a case study of one project school, and the implications for schools and classrooms from the perspectives of the researcher and the teacher.
‘GetReel’: engaging Year 6 students in planning, scripting, actualising and evaluating media text
Authors: Kervin Lisa 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe notion of ‘multiliteracies’ and the development and creation of multimodal texts within classrooms is of pedagogic interest in this age of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT). The case study reported herein provides an analysis of how one teacher engaged her class of primary school students as they responded to the challenge of creating and filming a 30‐second television commercial on a social justice issue. The media texts were constructed in a 10‐week period. The paper describes the process as the teacher and these students planned, wrote, filmed and edited their commercials. It offers an example of how the changing nature of literacy and, specifically, text, is enacted in the classroom.
Teachers as readers: building communities of readers
Authors: Cremin Teresa , Mottram Marilyn , Collins Fiona , Powell Sacha , Safford Kimberly 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGiven the narrow scope of primary teachers' knowledge and use of children's literature identified in Phase I of Teachers as Readers (2006–2007), the core goal of the Phase II project was to improve teachers' knowledge and experience of such literature in order to help them increase children's motivation and enthusiasm for reading, especially those less successful in literacy. The year‐long Phase II project, Teachers as Readers: Building Communities of Readers, which was undertaken in five Local Authorities (LAs) in England, also sought to build new relationships with parents and families and to explore the concept of a “Reading Teacher (RT): a teacher who reads and a reader who teaches” (Commeyras and colleagues). The research design was multilayered; involving data collection at individual, school and LA levels, and using a range of quantitative and qualitative data research methods and tools. This paper provides an overview of the Phase II research. It suggests that teachers need support if they are to develop children's reading for pleasure, and enhance their involvement as socially engaged and self‐motivated readers.
CO interferometry of gas-rich spiral galaxies in the outskirts of an intermediate redshift cluster
Authors: Geach James E. , Smail Ian , Coppin Kristen , Moran Sean M. , Edge Alastair C. , Ellis Richard S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
We present IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer 3-mm observations of CO J(1 → 0) emission in two 24-μm selected starburst galaxies in the outskirts (∼2–3Rvirial) of the rich cluster Cl 0024+16 (z = 0.395). The galaxies' inferred far-infrared luminosities place them in the luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) class (LFIR &gt; 1011 L⊙), with star formation rates of ∼60 M⊙ yr−1. Strong CO J(1 → 0) emission is detected in both galaxies, and we use the CO line luminosity to estimate the mass of cold molecular gas, M(H2). Assuming M(H2)/L′CO = 0.8 M⊙ (K km−1 pc2)−1, we estimate M(H2) = (5.4–9.1) × 109 M⊙ for the two galaxies. We estimate the galaxies' dynamical masses from their CO line widths, Mdyn∼ 1–3 × 1010 M⊙, implying large cold gas fractions in the galaxies' central regions. At their current rates, they will complete the assembly of M★∼ 1010 M⊙ and double their stellar mass within as little as ∼150 Myr. If these galaxies are destined to evolve into S0s, then the short time-scale for stellar mass assembly implies that their major episode of bulge growth occurs while they are still in the cluster outskirts, long before they reach the core regions. Subsequent fading of the disc component relative to the stellar bulge after the gas reservoirs have been exhausted could complete the transformation of spiral-to-S0.
Local Adverbs in Hittite: Synchrony and Diachrony
Authors: Melchert H. Craig 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWords expressing spatial relationships in Hittite are synchronically adverbs, not case forms of nouns as sometimes alleged. They are attested in three distinct syntactic roles: postpositions, preverbs, and freestanding adverbs. Some of these local adverbs are inherited from Proto‐Indo‐European, while others reflect petrified case forms of nouns. Postpositions from inherited local adverbs originally were construed with the dative‐locative, while those from nouns took the genitive. The agreement patterns of enclitic possessive pronouns with postpositions show that the nominal postpositions developed variously from dative‐locative, ablative, and accusative case forms. By attested Hittite, the postpositions from inherited adverbs and those from nominal case forms have mutually influenced each other's syntax, and both sets can be construed either with the dative‐locative or with the genitive (including enclitic possessives).
Wound drainage with or without blood salvage? An open, prospective, randomized and single‐center comparison of blood loss, postoperative hemoglobin levels and allogeneic blood transfusions after major hip surgery
Authors: SLAPPENDEL ROBERT , HORSTMANN WIEGER , DIRKSEN RIS , VAN HELLEMONDT GIJS G. 
Published: March 2009

SUMMARYThe objectives of the study were to compare an autologous blood salvage low‐vacuum drainage system with a high‐vacuum drainage system with regard to blood loss, postoperative hemoglobin levels and need for allogeneic transfusion. The study was an open, randomized, prospective and single‐center trial. Two hundred patients scheduled for revision total hip surgery were randomized to either the Bellovac ABT (autologous blood salvage, low vacuum) or the Medinorm AG (high vacuum) drainage system. Blood loss, transfusion volumes and hemoglobin levels were measured during the whole postoperative period. No statistically significant differences were detected between the two drainage systems with regard to transfusion rate, blood loss and adverse events. The hemoglobin decrease during the first postoperative day was statistically significantly less in the Bellovac ABT group (P = 0.0111). Postoperative hemoglobin concentrations were found to be higher in the Bellovac ABT group compared with the Medinorm group at day 1. In addition, the Bellovac ABT system offers a possibility of transfusion of postoperatively salvaged blood that may decrease the need for allogeneic blood transfusion.
Activities of Ceftobiprole and Other Cephalosporins against Extracellular and Intracellular (THP-1 Macrophages and Keratinocytes) Forms of Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Lemaire Sandrine , Glupczynski Youri , Duval Valérie , Joris Bernard , Tulkens Paul M. , Van Bambeke Françoise 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusis an opportunistic intracellular organism. Although they poorly accumulate in eukaryotic cells, β-lactams show activity against intracellular methicillin (meticillin)-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) if the exposure times and the drug concentrations are sufficient. Intraphagocytic methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) strains are susceptible to penicillins and carbapenems because the acidic pH favors the acylation of PBP 2a by these β-lactams through pH-induced conformational changes. The intracellular activity (THP-1 macrophages and keratinocytes) of ceftobiprole, which shows almost similar in vitro activities against MRSA and MSSA in broth, was examined against a panel of hospital-acquired and community-acquired MRSA strains (MICs, 0.5 to 2.0 mg/liter at pH 7.4 and 0.25 to 1.0 mg/liter at pH 5.5) and was compared with its activity against MSSA isolates. The key pharmacological descriptors {relative maximal efficacy (Emax), relative potency (the concentration causing a reduction of the inoculum halfway betweenE0andEmax[EC50]), and static concentration (Cs)} were measured. All strains showed sigmoidal dose-responses, withEmaxbeing about a 1 log10CFU decrease from the postphagocytosis inoculum, and EC50andCsbeing 0.2 to 0.3× and 0.6 to 0.9× the MIC, respectively. Ceftobiprole effectively competed with Bocillin FL (a fluorescent derivative of penicillin V) for binding to PBP 2a at both pH 5.5 and pH 7.4. In contrast, cephalexin, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, or ceftriaxone (i) were less potent in PBP 2a competitive binding assays, (ii) showed only partial restoration of the activity against MRSA in broth at acidic pH, and (iii) were collectively less effective against MRSA in THP-1 macrophages and were ineffective in keratinocytes. The improved activity of ceftobiprole toward intracellular MRSA compared with the activities of conventional cephalosporins can be explained, at least in part, by its greater ability to bind to PBP 2a not only at neutral but also at acidic pH.
Impact of
sarA
on Antibiotic Susceptibility of
Staphylococcus aureus
in a Catheter-Associated In Vitro Model of Biofilm Formation
Authors: Weiss Elizabeth C. , Spencer Horace J. , Daily Sonja J. , Weiss Brian D. , Smeltzer Mark S. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

Mutation of the staphylococcal accessory regulator (
sarA
) in
Staphylococcus aureus
limits but does not abolish the capacity of the organism to form a biofilm. As a first step toward determining whether this limitation is therapeutically relevant, we carried out in vitro studies comparing the relative susceptibility of an
S. aureus
clinical isolate (UAMS-1) and its isogenic
sarA
mutant (UAMS-929) in the specific context of a catheter-associated biofilm. The antibiotics tested were daptomycin, linezolid, and vancomycin, all of which were evaluated by using concentrations based on the MIC defined as the breakpoint for a susceptible strain of
S. aureus
(≤1.0, ≤2.0, and ≤4.0 μg/ml for daptomycin, vancomycin, and linezolid, respectively). Mutation of
sarA
had no significant impact on the MIC of UAMS-1 for any of the targeted antibiotics, as defined by Etest antimicrobial susceptibility testing. However, mutation of
sarA
did result in a significant increase in antimicrobial susceptibility to all targeted antibiotics when they were tested in the specific context of a biofilm. Additionally, whether susceptibility was assessed by using UAMS-1 or its
sarA
mutant, daptomycin was found to be more effective against established
S. aureus
biofilms than either linezolid or vancomycin.
Prevalence of
aac(6′)-Ib-cr
Encoding a Ciprofloxacin-Modifying Enzyme among
Enterobacteriaceae
Blood Isolates in Korea
Authors: Kim Eun Sil , Jeong Jin-Yong , Jun Jae-Bum , Choi Sang-Ho , Lee Sang-Oh , Kim Mi-Na , Woo Jun Hee , Kim Yang Soo 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

The
aac(6′)-Ib
gene was detected in 86 of 555 (15.5%)
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates. Among these 86
aac(6′)-Ib
-positive isolates, 19 (22.0%) were positive for
aac(6′)-Ib-cr
: 4 of 31 (12.9%)
Enterobacter
spp., 7 of 13 (53.8%)
Escherichia coli
isolates, and 8 of 42 (19.0%)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates. There was a strong association between
aac(6′)-Ib-cr
and OXA-1 and CTX-M-1 group β-lactamase genes. One
aac(6′)-Ib
-positive
K. pneumoniae
isolate carried both
aac(6′)-Ib-cr
and
qnrS
.