bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical characterization and its application of electromagnetic anisotropy in high-temperature superconducting bulks under rotated postures
Authors: Cheng Yanxing , Wang Li , Huang Huan , Liu Xiaoning , Zheng Jun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The electromagnetic anisotropy of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bulks limits their levitation ability in the applied magnetic fields from the permanent magnet guideway (PMG), thus impeding the enhancement of load-carrying capacity in HTS pinning maglev systems. Developing a suitable matching scheme between bulk orientation and magnetic field direction is a valuable way to relieve this restriction. In this paper, a method for characterizing bulk anisotropy in a rotating coordinate system is proposed to explore the best bulk orientation. The method is based on the concept of equivalent resistivity tensor and its eigenvectors, and includes an extended description of two types of anisotropy: conductivity anisotropy and magnetic field angle dependence. It provides a theoretical foundation for simulating anisotropic bulks under any rotated posture. Experimental investigations on the levitation force distribution of cylindrical bulks with different c-axis orientation were conducted, through which the accuracy of the characterization method and calculated results were validated. Analysis of current distribution reveals that aligning the c-axis parallel to the external magnetic field helps achieve the best match between the bulk and the PMG. Additionally, considering that the two types of anisotropy have opposite effects on levitation force distribution trends, prioritizing conductivity anisotropy when analyzing anisotropic bulk is recommended. This research not only offers a theoretical framework for simulating the anisotropy of rotated HTS bulks but also provides guidance for matching the optimal bulk orientation in applied magnetic fields.
Superluminal propagation of surface plasmon polaritons via hybrid chiral quantum dots system
Authors: Idrees Muhammad , Li Hui-Jun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present a novel methodology for enhancing superluminal surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagations within a hybrid nanostructure configuration consisting of gold (Au) metal and chiral quantum dots (CQDs) medium. The arrangement of CQDs and metal hybrid nanostructures enables the production of SPPs when exposed to incident light. The resonances of SPPs within a hybrid nanostructure are determined through analytical calculations using Maxwell’s equations under specified boundary conditions, while the dynamics of the CQDs system are calculated using the density matrix approach. It is demonstrated that the propagation of SPPs is significantly influenced by both right-circularly polarized (RCP) and left-circularly polarized (LCP) SPPs. Additionally, we investigate the enhancement of superluminal SPPs propagation by varying the electron tunneling strength and the intensity of the control field within the hybrid system. The characteristics of RCP and LCP SPPs have been investigated, indicating a large negative group index and advancement in time. The observation of a large negative group index and advancement in time provides strong evidence for enhanced superluminal SPPs propagation within the proposed hybrid nanostructure. The results have potential applications in the fields of optical information processing, temporal cloaking, quantum communication, and the advancement of computer chip speed.
Bulk α-alumina embedded tapered fiber as Q-switcher in an erbium-doped fiber laser
Authors: Yusoff Norita Mohd , Chyi Josephine Liew Ying , Ng Eng Khoon , Zain Ahmad Rifqi Md , Alresheedi Mohammed Thamer , Mayzan Mohd Zul Hilmi , Mahdi Mohd Adzir 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present bulk α-alumina (Al2O3) in a polydimethylsiloxane matrix decorated tapered fiber as a Q-switcher for microsecond pulse generation. The integration of α-Al2O3-saturable absorber (SA) in an erbium-doped fiber laser yielded a Q-switched operating regime within 62.0–308.6 mW pump power. The shortest pulse width was 7 μs, whereas the repetition rate was tunable from 19.17 to 43.24 kHz. This work reveals a substantial improvement over previously reported Al2O3-SA works with a recorded pulse energy of 150.32 nJ and an estimated damage threshold of beyond 6.75 GW cm−2 incident intensity. Our findings suggest that α-Al2O3-SA has enormous potential as a next generation light-absorbing material for high-energy photonic devices.
Anodic oxidation- and hydrogenation-produced TiO2 nanotubes on titanium and its effect on gingival epithelial cell adhesion ability
Authors: Mu Yanting , Wang Xin , Lu Ran , Wang Caiyun , Cao Xu , Li Bing , Chen Su , Zhou Jian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The gingival epithelium plays a crucial role in achieving long-term stability of dental implants, and the hydrogenated TiO2 nanotubes with a superhydrophilic surface exhibit more excellent biological activity than pure titanium implants. However, the effects of the hydrogenated TiO2 nanotubes on human gingival epithelial cells remain unclear. Here, we fabricated hydrogenated TiO2 nanotubes using anodization and hydrogenation to investigate the adhesion of human gingival epithelial cells (HGEs) on structured surfaces in vitro. The topography, roughness, and wettability of three sample types—titanium (Ti), TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs), and hydrogenated TiO2 nanotubes (H2-TNTs)—were characterized. To evaluate cell adhesion, the HGEs were co-cultured with these specimens. This allowed for the examination of both the adhesion morphology and the number of cells adhering to each material’s surface. Expression levels of genes and proteins related to cell adhesion were also assessed. H2-TNTs demonstrated nanoscale topography similar to TNTs in terms of diameter and height and maintained a superhydrophilic surface (with a static water contact angle of < 5°). The number of HGEs adhering to H2-TNTs was notably higher. Furthermore, HGEs on H2-TNTs displayed a more stretched morphology in comparison to the other two groups. Notably, the expression levels of adhesion-related genes and proteins in H2-TNTs surpassed those of the other two groups. Hence superhydrophilic H2-TNTs significantly enhance the adhesion ability of HGEs on the material surface.
Location of the critical slip surface based on monitoring data and genetic algorithm
Authors: Fan Zhiyong , Lu Xiaobing , Zhao Ying , Liu Tianping , Liu Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The non-circular search limit equilibrium method (LEM) is a significant methodology in the analysis of slope stability, aimed at identifying the critical slip surface (CSS) and the safety factor (SF). However, the existing LEM does not consider monitoring data, such as the subsurface displacement, in the CSS search process for the actual slopes. In this paper, a new approach is proposed that combines LEM with subsurface displacement data to more accurately identify the CSS. The k-means clustering algorithm is utilized to determine the recognizing slip positions corresponding to each subsurface displacement curve. Additionally, the Spencer’s method is employed to calculate the SF. By treating the recognizing slip positions as constraint conditions, the genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to search for the location of the CSS. To validate the accuracy and usefulness of the proposed method, four numerical examples and an experimental case are presented.
Simulation of 1D atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge in argon
Authors: Crispim L W S , da Silva C D , Amorim J , Ballester M Y 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This work aims at modelling an atmospheric-pressure homogeneous barrier discharge in argon, using a time-dependent 1D fluid model coupled to the electric field and plasmo-chemical kinetic equations. The model is chosen to mimic a discharge when a sinusoidal 1 kV voltage at 10 MHz is applied to the terminals. Energy and mass transfer are considered for a macroscopic fluid representation, while energy transfer in molecular collisions and chemical reactions is treated at the microscopic level. The macroscopic model is represented by a set of coupled partial differential equations. Microscopic effects are studied within a discrete model for electronic and molecular collisions in the frame of ZDPlasKin, a plasma modelling numerical tool. The BOLSIG+ solver is employed in solving the electronic Boltzmann equation. An operator splitting technique is used to separate microscopic and macroscopic models. The spatial and temporal evolution of such species and electron transport parameters are presented and discussed.
Fuzzy-fractional modeling and simulation of electric circuits using extended He-Laplace-Carson algorithm
Authors: Qayyum Mubashir , Ahmad Efaza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In literature, most of the electric circuits are found to be at integer order, which are unable to capture the involved uncertainties and memory effects. To understand these effects, the current study is focused on modeling and analysis of fuzzy-fractional

L

˜

C

˜

circuit,

R

˜

C

˜

circuit,

R

˜

L

˜

circuit, and

R

˜

L

˜

C

˜

circuit. Triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) are utilized to introduce uncertainties in circuits. The memory effect is considered through fractional derivative in Caputo sense. A hybrid homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is established for solution purpose, in which standard HPM is combined with Laplace-Carson transformation in fuzzy-Caputo sense. This leads to an excellent and well-organized approach to calculate numerical solutions in the aspect of fuzzy logic and fractional calculus. The results obtained through proposed approach are validated by comparing them with already existing results in literature. Residual errors are also calculated across the domain of

r

at fractional order to determine the convergence and stability of electric circuit models. To study the dynamics of inductor, resistor, and capacitor on current along with fractional and fuzzy parameters involved in the electric circuits, contour and three-dimensional plots are constructed. Several plots specifying the fuzzy membership function of models across various parameter values are also demonstrated. The results achieved through this study indicate that He-Laplace-Carson method can assist engineers and researchers when dealing with electric circuits characterized by fuzzy and fractional dynamics.
Sperimagnetic states in amorphous Gd
x
(FeCo)1-x
(0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) alloys: insights from stochastic magnetic anisotropy analysis
Authors: Solov’yov S V , Chernov A I 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Materials crucial for the advancement of magnetic recording technologies stand as pivotal elements in the development of a new generation of recording devices. Recent advancements in the manipulation of magnetization through laser pulses have underscored the significance of magnetic materials exhibiting robust magneto-optical properties. This study explores the manifestation of a sperimagnetic state in ferrimagnetic amorphous Gd
x
(FeCo)1−x
alloys utilizing a stochastic magnetic anisotropy approach. Phase diagrams ‘magnetic field’-‘temperature’ and temperature dependencies of magnetization and compensation point were calculated using the mean-field approximation for temperature range from 50 to 700 K and different stoichiometry of the alloy, namely 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.3. Accounting for the stochastic anisotropy intrinsic to rare earth ions, a distribution of magnetic moments within the amorphous solid is discerned. Notably, this distribution predominantly manifests at the fringes of a canted phase, constituting the sperimagnetic structure. We demonstrate a direct correlation between an increased variance in normally distributed anisotropy constants of rare earth ions and a corresponding augmentation in the standard deviation of magnetization within the sperimagnetic structure. These findings not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the interplay between material composition and magnetic properties but also provide valuable insights for the advancement of magnetic recording technologies.
Low-power and robust ternary SRAM cell with improved noise margin in CNTFET technology
Authors: Haq Shams ul , Abbasian Erfan , Khurshid Tabassum , Sharma Vijay Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET) based low power and robust ternary SRAM (TSRAM) cell with enhanced static noise margin (SNM) has been proposed. The proposed cell uses a low-power cell core and a stack of 2 CNTFETs to discharge the read bit line (RBL) to ground, unlike the previous SRAM designs which use read buffers or transmission gates (TG) to alter the voltage levels on the RBL. The proposed TSRAM cell has been simulated relentlessly, using the Stanford 32 nm CNTFET technology mode file with Synopsis HSPICE tool under various operating conditions. Unlike other designs, the cross-coupled ternary inverters used as the cell core in the proposed TSRAM show higher gain and steep curves in the transition region mitigating the static power of the cell. The simulation results exhibit improvements in performance parameters like power consumption, energy, noise margins, and reliability. At 0.9 V supply voltage, the proposed TSRAM cell offers 52.44% and 43.17% reduction in write and read static power, a PDP reduction of 35.29% in comparison, and a 36.36% improvement in SNM compared to the best designs under investigation. Also, the proposed TSRAM design shows higher robustness compared to other designs.
Impact of B4C buffer layer on interface diffusion in Cr/Sc multilayers: combined study by x-ray reflectivity, scattering and fluorescence
Authors: Sarkar P , Biswas A , Rai Sanjay , Modi M H , Ghorai Gurupada , Sahoo Pratap K , Jha S N , Bhattacharyya D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In thin film multilayer based optical componentsof x-ray imaging system, diffusion of one material into the other degrades the reflectivity of the mirrors severely. Along with this thermodynamically driven diffusion, there are also growth generated interface roughness of different special frequencies and microstructures which can increase the diffused scattering from the multilayer and reduce the resolution of an image. Generally grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity in specular geometry (specular GIXR) and diffused x-ray scattering measurement in rocking scan geometry yield information regarding microstructure and overall diffusion at the interfaces of a multilayer. In this paper it is shown that grazing incidence x-ray fluorescence (GIXRF) measurement in standing wave condition alongwith the above measurements can give precise information regarding element-specific diffusion at the interfaces of a multilayer structure. Periodic multilayers made of 75 Cr/Sc bilayers with bilayer thickness ∼4 nm with and without B4C barrier layer of 0.2 nm thickness at the interfaces have been prepared using ion beam sputtering system and characterized by GIXR, diffused x-ray scattering and GIXRF measurements using synchrotron x-ray radiation just above the Cr K-edge. From the above measurements, drastic reduction in interface diffusion of Cr and improvement of interface morphology after addition of B4C barrier layer at the interfaces of Cr/Sc multilayers have been observed which is also corroborated by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy of the multilayers. Finally, in the water window soft x-ray region of 2.3–4.4 nm performance of these multilayers have been tested and the Cr/B4C/Sc multilayer with improved interface quality has been found to yield ∼30.8% reflectivity at 3.11 nm wavelength which is comparable with the best reported reflectivities in the literature at this wavelength.
A theoretical approach to study the frequency dependent dielectric behavior of breast cancer cells using AlN buffer-based AlGaN/GaN HEMT
Authors: Poonia Ritu , Bhargava Lava , Mohammad Bhat Aasif , Periasamy C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The present study reports the detection of healthy (MDA-10) and malignant cells (MDA-MB-231) associated with breast cancer using high-quality AlN buffer AlGaN/GaN HEMT with dual cavity structure formed by etching out the gate metal from source and drain sides under the gate region. The AlN buffer AlGaN/GaN HEMT provides better 2DEG confinement and large conduction band offset than GaN buffer. The proposed design is analysed at frequencies of 900 MHz and 10 GHz, as breast cells have distinct dielectric properties at different microwave frequencies. The variation in dielectric constant of the cavity region corresponding to biomolecular species will change the device’s electrical characteristics and hence can be used to detect breast cancer cells. In this work, the device sensing parameters considered for analysis are shift in threshold voltage and drain current sensitivity. The device performance has also been analyzed by optimizing cavity thickness and length to select the best design for the sensing. The effect of non-ideal conditions such as steric hindrance and probing is also studied by emulating these real time effects in simulation. The device shows a maximum drain current sensitivity of 29.94% for 20 nm of cavity thickness and 1 μm of the cavity length. The results depict that the proposed device design exhibits a highly sensitive response and can be promising alternate for future biosensing applications.
Study the structure of the low-lying states of 206Po
Authors: Kocheva D , Rainovski G , Jolie J , Beckers M , Blazhev A , Esmaylzadeh A , Fransen C , Gladnishki K A , Pietralla N , Scheck M , Spee F , Stoyanova M , Werner V , De Gregorio G , Gargano A , Brown B Alex 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The nucleus 206Po was studied in the two proton transfer reaction 204Pb(16O,14C)206Po and the lifetime of the first excited 2+ state was determined by utilizing the Recoil Distance Doppler Shift method. The experimental results are compared with shell-model calculations based on different effective interactions. The calculations qualitatively reproduced the experimentally observed

B
(
E
2
;

2

1

+

→

0

1

+

)

value, suggesting that the

2

1

+

state of 206Po exhibits a collective nature. However, the employed effective interactions revealed some limitations, particularly in their description of the

4

1
,
2

+

states. These results emphasize the importance of understanding the properties of low-lying states, especially their evolution from single-particle dynamics to collective modes, in evaluating various effective nuclear interactions.
The impact of bi-doped on MAPb(IxBr1–x)3 mixed halide perovskite films
Authors: Pengpad Atip , Rattanachata Arunothai , Rattanasuporn Surachet , Jenpiyapong Watcharapon , Nakajima Hideki , Kumnorkaew Pisist , Jarernboon Wirat , Amornkitbamrung Vittaya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have attracted considerable attention from researchers owing to their cost-effective manufacturing processes, facilitating their suitability for commercialization. Halide perovskite such as methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3), methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) and other mixed halide perovskite are intensively studied as light absorber for solar cells. In order to adjust the properties of the perovskite, doping with heterovalent metal ions such as bismuth iodide, BiI3, has demonstrated notable impact on both crystal structure and optical properties. Traditionally, Bi3+ doping has been conducted primarily in single halide perovskite. However, our study explored the possibility of Bi3+ doping at a concentrations of 5% in mixed halide perovskite, specifically the mixed iodide-bromide perovskite, MAPb(IxBr1–x)3 at x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8. The XRD results revealed a decrease in lattice constant upon Bi3+ doping which likely attributed to the smaller ionic radius of Bi3+ compared to Pb2+. The light absorption spectra of Bi3+ doping perovskites exhibited a significant red shift compared to the undoped samples. The presences of the key elements are confirmed by photoemission spectroscopy results. Moreover, our investigation found no notable effect on the valence band maximum upon doping. The observed red-shift presents a potential advantage for precisely adjusting the absorption edge in tandem solar cells, particularly when specific energy gaps are required.
Detection performance of flower-like hydrothermally synthesized ZnO in silicon-type photodetector
Authors: Eden Cigdem , Kocyigit Adem , Aydogan Sakir , Cirak Cagri , Yilmaz Mehmet 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a versatile compound or metal oxide with a wide range of applications across various industries such as electronics, optoelectronics, and gas sensors, etc. A simple hydrothermal method was used to synthesize ZnO flower-like structures in this study. The synthesized ZnO structures were analyzed by x-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). We used ZnO structures as an interfacial layer for a Schottky-type silicon-based photodetector. While Au and Al metals were employed as metallic and ohmic contacts, respectively, p-Si was utilized as a semiconductor and substrate. Thus, Au/ZnO/p-Si sandwich was successfully fabricated and tested by current–voltage (I–V) measurements under dark and various light power illumination densities from 10 mW cm−2 to 150 mW cm−2 as well as the various wavelengths in the case of same power. The I–V characteristics were used to determine the diode and photodetection parameters. The fabricated heterostructure exhibited 77.51 mA W−1 responsivity, 1.30 × 1010 Jones specific detectivity, and 26.33% external quantum efficiency (EQE) values.
Laser-beam powder bed fusion of magnetostrictive Fe81Ga19 alloys: parameter optimization, microstructural evolution and magnetostrictive properties
Authors: Yao Xiong , Deng Woding , Wang Liyuan , Gao Chengde , Shuai Cijun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Magnetostrictive Fe-Ga alloys, featuring with good machinability, high Curie temperature, and high permeability, have received increasing attention in fields such as actuators, implants, and energy harvesting. Unfortunately, bulk polycrystalline Fe-Ga alloys usually suffer poor magnetostrictive strains compromised by the randomness of grain structure and the intricate phase constitution. The current study was centered on the fabrication of bulk polycrystalline Fe81Ga19 alloys with tailored grain morphology and phase arrangement utilizing laser-beam powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology. Particular emphasis was laid on investigating the repercussions of LPBF process parameters on the microstructure and magnetostrictive performance. The findings illustrated a non-linear interplay between laser power and the relative density of laser powder bed fusion-fabricated (LPBFed) Fe81Ga19 alloys, marked by an initial augmentation followed by a subsequent decrement. Similarly, a consistent trend was observed for the LPBFed alloys at varying scan speeds. In particular, the LPBFed Fe81Ga19 alloys exhibited a highest density at optimized process parameters (laser power set at 120 W paired with a scan speed of 100 mm s−1) due to suitable laser energy input during LPBF process. It was experimentally shown that elongated columnar grains and disorder A2 phase structures were obtained within the alloys attibutes to the high temperature gradient and rapid cooling kinetics intrinsic to LPBF, contributing to a desirable magnetostrictive strain of ∼87 ppm for bulk polycrystalline Fe81Ga19 alloys. Moreover, a good dynamic magnetostrictive response of the LPBFed alloys was confirmed by the near-synchronous variations between magnetostrictive behavior and alternating magnetic fields. It can be derived from these findings that LPBF process may be a promising method to prepare bulk magnetostrictive Fe-Ga alloys for versatile applications.