bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuron‐selective toxicity of tau peptide in a cell culture model of neurodegenerative tauopathy: Essential role for aggregation in neurotoxicity
Authors: Zhao Kelly , Ippolito Giulia , Wang Lulu , Price Valerie , Kim Mi Hwa , Cornwell Gavin , Fulenchek Stephanie , Breen Gail A. , Goux Warren J. , D'Mello Santosh R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntracellular aggregation of tau is a pathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. The mechanisms underlying tau aggregation and the role that these aggregates play in neuronal death have remained controversial. To study these issues, we established a cell culture model of tauopathy using a hexameric peptide with the sequence 306VQIVYK311 located within the third microtubule‐binding repeat of tau, rendered cell‐permeable by a tag of nine arginine residues (R9). This peptide (VQIVYK‐R9), designated as T‐peptide, self‐assembles in vitro into paired helical filament‐like aggregates. Primary neuronal cells treated with T‐peptide die within 24 hr. Neurodegeneration correlates with the ability of the peptide to aggregate. Two peptides with mutations in the hexameric core, K‐peptide (VQIVKK) and VV‐peptide (VQVVVK), that are incapable of aggregating are not toxic, whereas two other mutant peptides, V‐peptide (VQVVYK) and F‐peptide (VQIVFK), which aggregate, are also neurotoxic. Two other peptides that aggregate in vitro, but are not derived from tau, are not neurotoxic suggesting sequence dependence. Although localizing to the nucleus, T‐peptide induces aggregation of cellular proteins in the cytoplasm. These aggregates are not caused by disruption of endogenous tau localization, although endogenous tau is reduced in neurons exposed to T‐peptide. Interestingly, nonneuronal cells are less sensitive to T‐peptide toxicity, recapitulating in part the selective lossof neurons in tauopathies. Moreover, T‐peptide treatment leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders. The model system described here represents a convenient paradigm for studying the mechanisms underlying tau aggregation and neurotoxicity and for identifying compounds that can prevent these effects. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axon growth and guidance genes identify nascent, immature, and mature olfactory sensory neurons
Authors: McIntyre Jeremy C. , Titlow William B. , McClintock Timothy S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNeurogenesis of projection neurons requires that axons be initiated, extended, and connected. Differences in the expression of axon growth and guidance genes must drive these events, but comprehensively characterizing these differences in a single neuronal type has not been accomplished. Guided by a catalog of gene expression in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that Cxcr4 and Dbn1, two axon initiation genes, marked the developmental transition from basal progenitor cells to immature OSNs in the olfactory epithelium. The CXCR4 immunoreactivity of these nascent OSNs overlapped partially with markers of proliferation of basal progenitor cells and partially with immunoreactivity for GAP43, the canonical marker of immature OSNs. Intracellular guidance cue signaling transcripts Ablim1, Crmp1, Dypsl2, Dpysl3, Dpysl5, Gap43, Marcskl1, and Stmn1–4 were specific to, or much more abundant in, the immature OSN layer. Receptors that mediate axonal inhibition or repulsion tended to be expressed in both immature and mature OSNs (Plxna1, Plxna4, Nrp2, Efna5) or specifically in mature OSNs (Plxna3, Unc5b, Efna3, Epha5, Epha7), although some were specific to immature OSNs (Plxnb1, Plxnb2, Plxdc2, Nrp1). Cell adhesion molecules were expressed either by both immature and mature OSNs (Dscam, Ncam1, Ncam2, Nrxn1) or solely by immature OSNs (Chl1, Nfasc1, Dscaml1). Given the loss of intracellular signaling protein expression, the continued expression of guidance cue receptors in mature OSNs is consistent with a change in the role of these receptors, perhaps to sending signals back to the cell body and nucleus. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predicting the effect of tray malalignment on risk for bone damage and implant subsidence after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Wong Jowene , Steklov Nikolai , Patil Shantanu , Flores‐Hernandez Cesar , Kester Mark , Colwell Clifford W. , D'Lima Darryl D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTibial tray malalignment has been associated with increased subsidence and failure. We constructed a finite element model of knee arthroplasty to determine the biomechanical factors involved in increasing the risk of subsidence with malalignment. Four fresh‐frozen human knees were implanted with a tibial tray and subjected to forces representative of walking for up to 100,000 cycles. Cyclic displacement was measured between the tray and proximal tibia. The vertical load was shifted medially to generate a load distribution ratio of 55:45 (medial/lateral) to represent neutral alignment or 75:25 to represent varus alignment. Subjected specific geometry and material properties were obtained from qCT scans of tibia to construct a finite element model. The tray was subjected to a single load cycle representing experimental conditions. Tray displacement computed by the model matched that measured experimentally. Forces representing varus tray alignment generated greater strains in the proximal tibia and a greater volume of bone was subjected to strains higher than the fatigue threshold. Local compressive strains directly correlated with experimental subsidence and failure. Our results indicate that failure after tray malalignment is likely due to fatigue damage to the proximal tibia rather than shear across the implant–bone interface or failure of the cement mantle. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:347–353, 2011
An injectable composite material containing bone morphogenetic protein‐2 shortens the period of distraction osteogenesis in vivo
Authors: Eguchi Yoshitaka , Wakitani Shigeyuki , Naka Yoshifumi , Nakamura Hiroaki , Takaoka Kunio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTo investigate new methods that can decrease the duration of bone transport (BT) distraction osteogenesis, we injected composite materials containing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) and induced the generation of a callus bridge by rapid segmental transport (4 mm/day) in a rabbit bone defect model. The composite materials consisted of BMP‐2 (0, 30, or 100 µg), β‐tricalcium phosphate powder (βTCP, 100 mg/animal; particle size, <100 µm), and polyethylene glycol (PEG; 40 mg/animal). A paste of equivalent composition was percutaneously injected at the lengthening and the docking sites after surgery and after BT, respectively. The radiographic, mechanical, and histological examinations 12 weeks post‐operative revealed that the generation of bridging callus in the presence and in the absence of BMP‐2 was significantly different. The callus mass in the bone defect region was adequately and consistently developed in the presence of 100 µg of BMP (administered for 6 weeks), and the bones were consolidated in 12 weeks. Such an adequate callus formation was not observed in the control animals without BMP‐2 treatment. The result of this experimental study suggests the potential application of BMP‐2 in accelerating callus formation and in enabling rapid bone transporting, thereby shortening the treatment period for the repair of diaphyseal bone defects by distraction osteogenesis. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:452–456, 2011
Metaphyseal fracture healing follows similar biomechanical rules as diaphyseal healing
Authors: Claes Lutz , Reusch Martina , Göckelmann Melanie , Ohnmacht Michael , Wehner Tim , Amling Michael , Beil Frank T. , Ignatius Anita 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt is generally supposed that the pattern of fracture healing in trabecular metaphyseal bone differs from that of diaphyseal fractures. However, few experimental studies to date have been performed, even though clinically many fractures occur in metaphyseal bone. Particularly, the influence of biomechanical factors has not yet been investigated under standardized conditions. Our aim was to correlate the interfragmentary strain (IFS) with the bone‐healing outcome in a controlled metaphyseal fracture model in sheep. Twelve sheep received a partial osteotomy in the distal femoral condyle close to the trochlea. The determination of the IFS by in vivo X‐ray analyses and a finite element model revealed that the deflection of the osteotomy gap by the patello‐femoral force during walking provoked increasing strains of up to 40%. Bone healing was evaluated after 8 weeks by the assessment of the bone mineral density and by histomorphometry in regions of interest that displayed differing magnitudes of IFS. In areas with strains below 5% significantly less bone formation occurred compared to areas with higher strains (6–20%). For strains larger than 20% fibrocartilage layers were observed. Low IFS (<5%) led to intramembranous bone formation, whereas higher strains additionally provoked endochondral ossification or fibrocartilage formation. It is therefore proposed that metaphyseal bone healing follows similar biomechanical principles as diaphyseal healing. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:425–432, 2011
Hybrid polyacrylamide chiral stationary phases for HPLC prepared by surface‐initiated photopolymerization
Authors: Ciogli Alessia , D'Acquarica Ilaria , Gasparrini Francesco , Molinaro Carmela , Rompietti Romina , Simone Patrizia , Villani Claudio , Zappia Giovanni 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo hybrid polyacrylamide chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for HPLC have been synthesized by a new surface‐initiated photo‐induced radical polymerization approach of enantiopure N,N′‐diacryloyl derivatives of (1R,2R)‐diaminocyclohexane (CSP1) and (1R,2R)‐diphenylethylenediamine (CSP2). This system is based on the activation of mesoporous silica microparticles by chemically bonded trichloroacetyl groups and dimanganese decacarbonyl as catalyst. UV irradiation was performed using a lab‐made quartz photochemical reactor, ad hoc designed for the photo‐induced polymerization process on the surface of microparticles. The two phases were evaluated and compared as chromatographic supports for the enantioselective HPLC of model chiral compounds. Their physico‐chemical properties and chromatographic performances were also evaluated in comparison with those exhibited by the homologue CSPs obtained by the grafting‐from thermal‐induced process (CSP3 and CSP4). The new photopolymerization approach yielded higher grafting density than the thermal‐induced one, especially in the case of the less reactive monomer (the diacryloyl derivative of (1R,2R)‐diphenylethylenediamine), good chromatographic efficiency and a broad application field under normal phase and polar organic mode conditions.
Comparison of Er:YAG laser and piezoelectric osteotomy: An animal study in sheep
Authors: Stübinger Stefan , Nuss Katja , Pongratz Michaela , Price Jill , Sader Robert , Zeilhofer Hans‐Florian , von Rechenberg Brigitte 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectivesIt was the aim of this study to compare the feasibility of complete osteotomy of long bones in sheep using a newly designed variable square pulsed Er:YAG laser and piezoelectric surgery. In addition to uneventful bone healing after laser osteotomy, the goal was to assess the possibility to cut thick bony structures with both techniques in a surgically acceptable time frame of 2–3 minutes.Material and MethodsA tibia midshaft osteotomy was performed in 24 sheep using either an Er:YAG laser (n = 12) or piezoelectric device (n = 12). Laser and piezoelectric groups were divided in two subgroups (n = 6) with sheep sacrificed after 2 and 3 months, respectively. A complete radiological, histological and histomorphometric analysis was performed to compare the course of bone/fracture healing and remodelling.ResultsLaser and piezoelectric osteotomies of the sheep tibia up to a depth of 22 mm were possible without any thermal damage. Radiological and histological results after 2 months showed primary gap healing with distinct periosteal callus formation on the transcortex. After 3 months, radiological and histological analysis revealed less callus formation on the transcortex, with almost no visible osteotomy gap and a distinct formation of lamellar bone crossing the original osteotomy gap.ConclusionEr:YAG laser osteotomy can successfully be used in long bones with a depth of up to 22 mm, thus challenging the dogma of adverse effects of laser osteotomy due to thermal or other damages. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:743–751, 2010 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photodamage therapy using an electro‐optic q‐switched Nd:YAG laser
Authors: Yaghmai Dina , Garden Jerome M. , Bakus Abnoeal D. , Gold Michael H. , Saal Bruce M. , Goldberg David J. , Massa Mary C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveQ‐Switched Nd:YAG lasers produce photoacoustic effects in addition to photothermal effects which may allow for greater tissue collagen production. The objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness and tolerability of an Electro‐Optic (EO) Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser with Single Pulse and novel Double Pulse (DP) options in the treatment of photodamaged skin.Materials and MethodsSixteen subjects with photoaging were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, split‐faced study. Subjects received 6 bi‐weekly laser treatments. One half of the face was treated with a Single Pulse while the other half was treated with energies divided into a DP. Blinded investigators and subjects assessed improvement after the sixth treatment for wrinkles, coarseness, pigmentation, redness, laxity, comedones, pore size, and overall skin condition. Subjects also rated the tolerability of the treatments.ResultsFor the Single Pulse side of the face, the investigators rated 33% of the patients as having a good to excellent (51% or greater) improvement in the overall condition of the skin while 47% of the subjects reported these levels. On the DP side, the overall improvement was good to excellent at a 27% rate by the investigators and 54% by the subjects. Distributions of improved ratings among investigators and subjects were similar for both sides of the treatment area. The majority of stinging/burning sensations during treatment were reported as mild on the DP side (62.8%) and moderate (63.8%) on the Single Pulse side. The chance of reporting none or only mild stinging/burning sensation during treatment was four times greater on the side of the face treated with the DP (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsResults have shown that treatment with the EO QS Nd:YAG laser provides a safe and effective method of skin rejuvenation with the additional benefit of significantly lower patient discomfort during use of the DP mode. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:699–705, 2010 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Split‐face comparison of intense pulsed light with short‐ and long‐pulsed dye lasers for the treatment of port‐wine stains
Authors: Babilas Philipp , Schreml Stephan , Eames Tatiana , Hohenleutner Ulrich , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Landthaler Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundSo far, pulsed dye lasers have been regarded as the gold standard in the treatment of port‐wine stains (PWS). Recently, intense pulsed light (IPL) has been reported to achieve more pronounced fading in some patients.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and the side effects of IPL treatment of PWS in a direct comparison to the short‐pulsed dye laser (SPDL) and the long‐pulsed dye laser (LPDL).MethodsTest spots (n = 158) were applied with IPL (λem = 555–950 nm, pulse duration: 8–14 milliseconds (single pulse), fluence: 11–17.3 J/cm2), the SPDL (λem = 585 nm, pulse duration: 0.45 milliseconds, fluence: 6 J/cm2), and the LPDL (λem = 585/590/595/600 nm, pulse duration: 1.5 milliseconds, fluence: 12/14/16/18 J/cm2) in a side‐by‐side modus in untreated (n = 11) and previously treated (n = 14) patients with PWS. Lesion clearance was evaluated by three blinded investigators based on follow‐up photographs 6 weeks after treatment. Incidence of side effects was assessed.ResultsIn previously untreated PWS as well as in pretreated PWS, IPL treatments were rated significantly (P<0.05) better than treatments with the SPDL. In both groups, IPL and LPDL treatments did not differ significantly. Side effects were few in all settings.ConclusionsIn PWS resistant to dye laser therapy, IPL showed additional lesion clearance. The use of IPL increases the therapeutic possibilities in PWS. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:720–727, 2010 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser vaporization of the prostate in vivo: Experience with the 150‐W 980‐nm diode laser in living canines
Authors: Rieken Malte , Kang Hyun Wook , Koullick Ed , Ruth George R. , Bachmann Alexander 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAnatomic, tissue ablation and coagulation, and histopathologic outcomes of the 150‐W 980‐nm diode laser selective light vaporization (SLV™) of the prostate in the first survival study of living canines were analyzed.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTen dogs underwent anterograde SLV™ with the 150‐W 980‐nm laser delivered by its side‐firing fiber (Fusion™). Postoperatively, two dogs were euthanized at 3 hours as planned, six at 2–7 days due to complications, and two, without complications, at 8 weeks as planned. Laser energy and time were recorded. Prostates were sectioned, measured, and histologically analyzed after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), or Gomori trichrome (GT) staining.ResultsSLV™ acutely and hemostatically created a 0.6 ± 0.3 cm3 cavity in the 3‐hour group accompanied by H&E‐ and TTC‐identified coagulation necrosis of up to 9.5 mm (6.1 ± 1.2 mm) that led to prostatic slough‐induced obstruction and perforation in six of eight (75%) surviving animals, necessitating unplanned euthanasia within 2–7 days. H&E‐ and GT‐stained prostates at 8 weeks postoperatively showed large (9.6 ± 1.4 cm3) re‐epithelialized prostatic cavities with persistent diffuse interstitial Prostatitis and collagenous fibrosis.ConclusionSLV™ with the 150‐W 980‐nm diode laser in living canines produced small cavities acutely, and was accompanied by deeply necrotic prostatic slough‐induced obstruction and perforation in a majority of animals. A minority survived SLV and had favorable anatomic outcomes whereas histology revealed persisting inflammation. Further in vivo studies and a cautious clinical approach are recommended to finally evaluate the potential of SLV™ with the 150‐W 980‐nm diode laser. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:736–742, 2010 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simple organofluorine compounds giving field‐dependent 13C and 19F NMR spectra with complex patterns: higher order effects and cross‐correlated relaxation
Authors: Alemany Lawrence B. , Malloy Thomas B. , Nunes Megan M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe CF3 signals in the 13C{1H} spectrum of 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol and the (CF3)2 CH signals in the corresponding triflate exhibit much greater complexity than might first be expected. The same holds for the 13C satellites in the 19F spectra. Complex patterns appear because of higher order effects resulting from the combination of a relatively large four‐bond 19F‐19F J coupling in the (13CF3)12CH(12CF3)‐containing isotopomer and a typical large one‐bond 13C/12C isotope effect on the 19F chemical shift. This complexity cannot be eliminated at very high magnetic field strengths. The triflate (CF3)2CH‐O‐SO2CF3 presents still additional complexity because of the presence of two different types of CF3 groups exhibiting 6JFF in any of the isotopomers and the chemical shift differences in hertz between the various 19F signals in the two different 13CF3‐containing isotopomers. In addition, the presence of a small 5JCF in the (13CF3)(12CF3)12CH‐O‐SO212CF3 isotopomer is revealed only through simulations. The hexafluoroisopropyl CF3 groups in the alcohol and triflate and the SO2CF3 group in the triflate apparently provide the first examples of cross‐correlated relaxation in 13CF3 groups. An analysis of the spectra in the context of previously reported work highlights the novel aspects of our findings. In particular, for each part of the complex hexafluoroisopropyl CF3 quartet, peak height and linewidth variations resulting from cross‐correlated relaxation are observed. These variations within a group of 13C signals reflect different spin–lattice and spin–spin relaxation rates for the transitions within that group arising from higher order coupling effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR spectroscopic study of the Murex trunculus dyeing process
Authors: Hoffman Rina C. , Zilber Reut C. , Hoffman Roy E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt is widely accepted that indigo dyes derived from Murex trunculus were used to produce the biblical dyes tekhelet and argaman. We describe a method of following the debromination of natural leucoindigos and their binding to wool using NMR spectroscopy. Debromination is observed prior to reaction with the wool and prior to oxidation. Binding to the wool is shown to occur prior to oxidation. NMR allows the dyeing process to be followed. This, in principle, could be used to correct problems during dyeing that would increase the reliability of the process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Independent component analysis‐based multifiber streamline tractography of the human brain
Authors: Singh Manbir , Wong Chi‐Wah 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn independent component analysis‐based approach has been developed to estimate the orientations of two or three crossing fibers in a voxel to conduct human brain streamline tractography from diffusion data acquired along 25 gradient directions at a b‐value of 1000 sec/mm2. The approach relies on unmixing signals from fibers mixed within, and spread over, a small cluster of 11 voxels. Simulation studies of diffusion data for two or three crossing fibers at signal‐to‐noise ratios of 15 and 30 suggest the accuracy to determine interfiber angles with independent component analysis is similar to that attained by a gaussian mixture and other multicompartmental models but at two orders of magnitude faster computational speed. Compared to previous multicompartmental models, independent component analysis visually shows good recovery of fiber orientations and tracts in the crossing region of commonly available orthogonal and 60° phantom diffusion datasets. A 3T MRI human studies show that in contrast to conventional streamline tractography and a multicompartment model, independent component analysis shows better recovery of the continuity of fronto‐occipital tracts and cingulum from regions where these tracts are mixed with corpus callosum and other pathways. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.