bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Stability Enhancement of Wind Generator by PWM Voltage Source Converter and Chopper Controlled SMES Unit
Authors: Sheikh M. R. I. , Nasiruzzaman A. B. M. 
Published: April 2009

In order to investigate the impacts of the integration of wind farms into utility networks, transient stability should be analyzed before connecting wind turbine generator system (WTGS) to the power system. This paper proposes a robust controller for Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) unit to enhance the transient stability of a grid connected fixed speed wind generator system. In the proposed controller, both SMES active and reactive powers are controlled to decrease the fluctuations of output power and terminal voltage of the wind generator during transient condition. The power conversion system (PCS) of SMES unit used in this paper is composed of a sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulated Voltage Source Converter (PWM-VSC) and a two-quadrant DC-DC chopper using Insulated Gate turn-off Bipolar Transistors (IGBT). Stability during symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults in the network system is analyzed.Â Â The effects of the faults on the generator dynamics are also discussed clearly. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SMES controller is very effective for stabilizing wind generator as well as the entire power system. Keywords: Â Fixed speed wind generator system; Transient analysis; System faults; PWM-VSC; DC-DC chopper and SMES unit.Â© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.Â DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.2281
Preparation of Polyimide-Clay Nanocomposites and Their Performance
Authors: Alam S. M. M. 
Published: April 2009

A series of polyimide (PI)-organically modified clay nanocomposites were made to enhance tensile modulus, thermal stability of PI. PI was made from 3, 3', 4, 4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), p-phenylediamine (PDA). Montmorillonite (MMT), one type of layered clay, was treated by dodecylamine salt. XRD indicated that organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) layers were exfoliated and dispersed into PI-film. Tensile measurements indicated that small amount of OMMT (up to 3%) increased tensile modulus nicely. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the nano-composites are higher than those of pristine PI. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that nanocomposites have higher decomposition temperatures in comparison with the original PI. Keywords: Polyimide; Organically modified clay; Nanocomposites; Dodecylamine. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.2297
Antibacterial Activity of Different Organic Extracts of Achyranthes Aspera and Cassia Alata
Authors: Alam M. T. , Karim M. M. , Khan Shakila N. 
Published: April 2009

Extracts in organic solvents (namely methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform) of two medicinal plants - Achyranthes aspera and Cassia alata were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. These were carried out by taking the organic extracts of both the leaf and stem parts of the plants at a concentration of 5 mg/ml and their activities were recorded by estimating zones of inhibition as produced by disc-diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar media. While neither the leaf nor stem parts of A. aspera in any organic extractions showed antibacterial activity, the methanolic extracts of both the leaf and stem parts of C. alata exhibited antibacterial activity, but only to B. subtilis and S. typhi, and the corresponding MIC values of the leaf extracts were estimated as 1.25 and 1.5 mg/ml respectively. However, the ethanolic extracts of both the stem and leaf parts were found equally effective only to S. aureus (MIC= 1.25 mg/ml). The corresponding MBC values are reported. Keywords: Achyranthes aspera; Cassia alata; Antibacterial.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.2298
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Some New Thieno and Furopyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Hossain M. I. , Bhuiyan M. M. H. 
Published: April 2009

Fused pyrimidines, 8,9-dimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]thieno[3,2-e]pyrimidine 5, 3,8,9-trimethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]thieno[3,2-e]pyrimidine 6, 4-benzylidinehydrazono-5,6 dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine 7, 4-[4/-hydroxybenzylidine]hydrazono-5,6-dimethylthi-eno[2,3-d]pyrimidine 8, 4-[4/-tolylidin]hydrazono-5,6-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine 9, 4-[4/-nitrobenzylidine]hydrazono-5-ethyl-6-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine 10 and 4-[4/-chlorobenzylidine]hydrazono-5-ethyl-6-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine 11 are prepared in good yield by an initial treatment of 2-amino-4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carbonitrile 1 with formic acid, affording 5,6-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 2, which is chlorinated with thionyl chloride and then hydrazinated with hydrazine hydrate. Finally hydrazino compound 4 is reacted with formic acid, acetic anhydrate, benzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-toluayldehyde, p-nitrobenzaldehyde and p-chlorobenzaldehyde to give thienotriazolopyrimidines 5-6 and thienopyrimidines 7-11 respectively. All the compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial activity. Keywords: Fused pyrimidines; Hydrazino compound; Thienotriazolopyrmidines; Thienopyrimidines; Antimicrobial activity.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.2299
Simultaneous Quantification of Sinensetin and Tetramethoxyflavone in Misai Kucing Capsules using TLC-UV Densitometric Technique
Authors: Hossain M. A. , Salehuddin S. M. 
Published: April 2009

Thin-layer chromatographic (TLC)-UV densitometric method is developed for simultaneous quantification of sinensetin and 5-hydroxy--6,7,3', 4'-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF) in Misai kucing capsules (Orthosiphon stamineus). Sinensetin and TMF are isolated from the leaves of local Orthosiphon stamineus. TheÂ TLC-UV desitometric quantification is performed by external standard method on silica gel plates using chloroform-ethyl acetate (60:40) as developing solvent and UV detection at 365 nm.The TLC densitometer, although yields slightly higher values than the other analytical methods, is preferred due to its simplicity, easy and low cost. Keywords: Orthosiphon stamineus; Lamiaceae; Local medicinal plant; HPTLC; Quantification; Densitometer. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.2300
EDITORIAL
Authors: Islam A.K.M.A. 
Published: April 2009

It is our pleasure to see the second issue of the Journal of Scientific Research coming out in time. From the trend in the submission of manuscript it seems that the journal is acting as a catalyst for the advancement of science both within and outside the Asian region. Increased submissions from the world research community will eventually fulfill our mission and aim for the journal with its interdisciplinary nature to stand for the international scientific publishing standards.Â I hope that the journal will soon be recognised by the much wider research community as their forum for the dissemination of knowledge.We continue to recognize that the success of a journal depends on the quality of authors, reviewers and the editorial board. All the people involved in bringing out the issue of the journal should deserve thanks for their indispensable participation. Special mention should be made of the reviewers who voluntarily contributed their valuable time to complete reviews within a reasonable time. I should also acknowledge the International Network for the availability of Scientific Publications (INASP) for helping us publish via BanglaJOL. A K M A Islam Editor-in-Chief email: jsr_editor@ru.ac.bd website: www.banglajol.info/index.php/JSR© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.2390
Announcement
Authors: Board Editorial 
Published: April 2009

AnnouncementsÂ Â Â Â Â Publication charge: Currently there is no publication charge from the authors (applicable to issues 1, 2 and 3 of volume 1). Authors get copies of published articles free of charge from the journal web site www.banglajol.info/index.php/JSR, but they have to register for that. Â A modest publication charge of accepted articles (does not include Reprints) to defray the partial cost of journal printing is applicable for accepted articles of volume 2 and onwards â authors will get notification for that at appropriate time after acceptance of their articles. The rate varies from US$ 5 to $10 (or Tk 300) per page of accepted paper depending on authorâs geographical locations. The publication charge will apply to papers that are accepted for publication in volume 2 and onwards. Method of payment at present is via bank draft. Information for electronic transfer will be announced later on.Â Â Draft payable to:Â Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Scientific Research, Rajshahi University.Â Some useful information for Authors:Â 1.Â MS Preparation: Consult âAuthor Guidelines and Example Articleâ (vol. 1, issue 1) for preparing articles in MS Word only. May also see any published paper in JSR for style and figure, table sizes etc.Â 2.Â Submission: Two methods of submission:Â a. Web submission: This is the preferred method of submission â authors are encouraged to use this method.Â Website: Â Â Â www.banglajol.info/index.php/JSRÂ Â Complete 5 step processes. For multi-authored manuscript, submit information of all the co-authors during initial submission.Â b. E-mail submission: For multi-authored manuscript, supply e-mails of all the co-authors.Â It is recommended that the authors should make PDF file of their manuscripts to test that everything (Fig., Table, Equations etc.) is reproduced correctly.Â 3.Â Publication schedule:Â Â Frequency 3 issues per year as follows:Â Issue 1: Â 1 JanuaryIssue 2:Â 1 MayIssue 3:Â 1 September Â 4.Â Steps in the process of MS handling:Â a. Â Acknowledgement of submission. Â Auto generated reply with MS ID for web submission. MS ID is allocated and acknowledged by e-mail by the editor for e-mail submission.Â b. Â Peer-review process: Usually takes 2 to 3 months.Â c. Editorial decision: Author is informed as soon as a decision is made upon receipt of reviews.Â Â Â© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.2391Â Â
A Combination Vaccine for Allergy and Rhinovirus Infections Based on Rhinovirus-Derived Surface Protein VP1 and a Nonallergenic Peptide of the Major Timothy Grass Pollen Allergen Phl p 1
Authors: Edlmayr Johanna , Niespodziana Katarzyna , Linhart Birgit , Focke-Tejkl Margarete , Westritschnig Kerstin , Scheiblhofer Sandra , Stoecklinger Angelika , Kneidinger Michael , Valent Peter , Campana Raffaela , Thalhamer Josef , Popow-Kraupp Theresia , Valenta Rudolf 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Allergens and rhinovirus infections are among the most common elicitors of respiratory diseases. We report the construction of a recombinant combination vaccine for allergy and rhinovirus infections based on rhinovirus-derived VP1, the surface protein which is critically involved in infection of respiratory cells, and a nonallergenic peptide of the major grass pollen allergen Phl p 1. Recombinant hybrid molecules consisting of VP1 and a Phl p 1-derived peptide of 31 aa were expressed in Escherichia coli. The hybrid molecules did not react with IgE Abs from grass pollen allergic patients and lacked allergenic activity when exposed to basophils from allergic patients. Upon immunization of mice and rabbits, the hybrids did not sensitize against Phl p 1 but induced protective IgG Abs that cross-reacted with group 1 allergens from different grass species and blocked allergic patients’ IgE reactivity to Phl p 1 as well as Phl p 1-induced basophil degranulation. Moreover, hybrid-induced IgG Abs inhibited rhinovirus infection of cultured human epithelial cells. The principle of fusing nonallergenic allergen-derived peptides onto viral carrier proteins may be used for the engineering of safe allergy vaccines which also protect against viral infections.
Expression Hierarchy of T Cell Epitopes from Melanoma Differentiation Antigens: Unexpected High Level Presentation of Tyrosinase-HLA-A2 Complexes Revealed by Peptide-Specific, MHC-Restricted, TCR-Like Antibodies
Authors: Michaeli Yael , Denkberg Galit , Sinik Keren , Lantzy Liz , Chih-Sheng Chiang , Beauverd Celine , Ziv Tamar , Romero Pedro , Reiter Yoram 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Peptide Ags presented by class I MHC molecules on human melanomas and that are recognized by CD8+ T cells are the subjects of many studies of antitumor immunity and represent attractive candidates for therapeutic approaches. However, no direct quantitative measurements exist to reveal their expression hierarchy on the cell surface. Using novel recombinant Abs which bind these Ags with a peptide-specific, MHC-restricted manner, we demonstrate a defined pattern of expression hierarchy of peptide-HLA-A2 complexes derived from three major differentiation Ags: gp100, Melan-A/Mart-1, and tyrosinase. Studying melanoma cell lines derived from multiple patients, we reveal a surprisingly high level of presentation of tyrosinase-derived complexes and moderate to very low expression of complexes derived from other Ags. No correlation between Ag presentation and mRNA expression was found; however, protein stability may play a major role. These results provide new insights into the characteristics of Ag presentation and are particularly important when such targets are being considered for immunotherapy. These results may shed new light on relationships between Ag presentation and immune response to cancer Ags.
Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1 Is a Negative Regulator of Dendritic Cell Activation
Authors: Alzabin Saba , Bhardwaj Nina , Kiefer Friedemann , Sawasdikosol Sansana , Burakoff Steven 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) is a hematopoietic cell-restricted member of the Ste20 kinases that acts as a negative regulator of T cell functions through the AP-1, NFAT, and NFκB pathways. Using HPK1-deficient (HPK1−/−) mice, we report in this study a novel role for HPK1 in dendritic cells (DCs). Specifically, we observed that matured HPK1−/− bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) are superior to their wild-type (WT) counterpart in stimulating T cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Several characteristics of HPK1−/− BMDCs may account for this enhanced activity: Matured HPK1−/− BMDCs express higher levels of costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and I-Ab as well as produce more proinflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 than their WT littermates. The role of HPK1 as a proapoptotic molecule was assessed post activation with LPS, and results indicated that HPK1−/− BMDCs are significantly resistant to LPS-induced apoptosis. Our results led us to investigate the role of HPK1−/− BMDCs in tumor immunotherapy. Using a s.c. murine model of Lewis Lung Carcinoma, we found that HPK1−/− BMDCs eliminate established s.c. Lewis Lung Carcinoma more efficiently than their WT counterpart. Our data reveal a novel role for HPK1 as a negative regulator of DC functions, identifying its potential as a molecular target for DC-based immunotherapy against cancers.
A Major Lipid Raft Protein Raftlin Modulates T Cell Receptor Signaling and Enhances Th17-Mediated Autoimmune Responses
Authors: Saeki Kazuko , Fukuyama Satoru , Ayada Toranoshin , Nakaya Mako , Aki Daisuke , Takaesu Giichi , Hanada Toshikatsu , Matsumura Yumiko , Kobayashi Takashi , Nakagawa Ryusuke , Yoshimura Akihiko 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts have been shown to act as platforms for the initiation of various receptor signals. Through proteomic analysis, we have identified a novel protein termed Raftlin (raft-linking protein) as a major protein in lipid rafts. To determine the physiological and immunological functions of Raftlin in mammals, we generated Raftlin-deficient mice, as well as Raftlin-transgenic (Tg) mice. Although Raftlin was originally identified in B cells, we observe no severe abnormalities in the B cells of these mice, presumably due to a high expression of Raftlin-homologue (Raftlin-2). T cells, in contrast, expressed a substantial amount of Raftlin but no Raftlin-2. In Raftlin-deficient mice, T cell-dependent Ab production was reduced, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a Th17-dependent autoimmune disease model, was ameliorated. In Raftlin-Tg mice, in contrast, Ab production was enhanced and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was more severe. Cytokine production, especially that of IL-17, was reduced in Raftlin-deficient T cells, while it was enhanced in Raftlin-Tg T cells. We found that these changes were associated with the strength of the TCR-mediated signals. Importantly, localization of Lck protein in the lipid rafts was enhanced by Raftlin overexpression and reduced by Raftlin deficiency. These data indicate that Raftlin modulates TCR signals and is necessary for the fine-tuning of T cell-mediated immune responses.
Cutting Edge: Natalizumab Blocks Adhesion but Not Initial Contact of Human T Cells to the Blood-Brain Barrier In Vivo in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Coisne Caroline , Mao Wenxian , Engelhardt Britta 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The humanized anti-α4 integrin Ab Natalizumab is an effective treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Natalizumab is thought to exert its therapeutic efficacy by blocking the α4 integrin-mediated binding of circulating immune cells to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). As α4 integrins control other immunological processes, natalizumab may, however, execute its beneficial effects elsewhere. By means of intravital microscopy we demonstrate that natalizumab specifically inhibits the firm adhesion but not the rolling or capture of human T cells on the inflamed BBB in mice with acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The efficiency of natalizumab to block T cell adhesion to the inflamed BBB was found to be more effective in EAE than in acute systemic TNF-α-induced inflammation. Our data demonstrate that α4 integrin-mediated adhesion of human T cells to the inflamed BBB during EAE is efficiently blocked by natalizumab and thus provide the first direct in vivo proof of concept of this therapy in multiple sclerosis.
Critical Roles of NK and CD8+ T Cells in Central Nervous System Listeriosis
Authors: Hayashi Toshiyuki , Nagai Shigenori , Fujii Hideki , Baba Yukiko , Ikeda Eiji , Kawase Takeshi , Koyasu Shigeo 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) causes a life-threatening infectious disease affecting the brain of humans and domestic animals. Unfortunately, no adequate murine models for CNS listeriosis exist. Using intraparenchymal injection, we have established a new murine model for CNS listeriosis. Injection of a small volume of bacterial suspension limits the bacteria to the brain parenchyma with no leakage into the ventricular system. This new method enabled us to investigate the progression of and recovery from listerial brain infection, revealing roles for both innate and adaptive immune cells in CNS listeriosis. In the early phase of CNS listeriosis, NK cell-derived IFN-γ is a critical cytokine in the limitation of bacterial growth by the host defense. During the later phase, CD8+ but not CD4+ T cells play a critical role and LM-specific CD8+ T cells kill LM-infected microglia. Thus, innate and adaptive immune responses combine to successfully eliminate bacteria from the brain.
IL4Rα+ Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Expansion in Cancer Patients
Authors: Mandruzzato Susanna , Solito Samantha , Falisi Erika , Francescato Samuela , Chiarion-Sileni Vanna , Mocellin Simone , Zanon Antonio , Rossi Carlo R. , Nitti Donato , Bronte Vincenzo , Zanovello Paola 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) contribute to immune dysfunctions induced by tumors both in experimental models and patients. In mice, MDSC are phenotypically heterogeneous cells that vary in their surface markers, likely depending on soluble factors produced by different tumors. We recently described a subset of inflammatory monocytes with immunosuppressive properties that can be found within the tumor mass, blood, and lymphoid organs of tumor-bearing mice. These cells expressed the α-chain of the receptor for IL-4 (IL4Rα) that was critical for their negative activity on CD8+ T cells. In cancer patients, the nature of MDSC is still poorly defined because evidence exists for both monocytic and granulocytic features. We show in this study that myeloid cells with immunosuppressive properties accumulate both in mononuclear and polymorphonuclear fractions of circulating blood leukocytes of patients with colon cancer and melanoma, thus unveiling a generalized alteration in the homeostasis of the myeloid compartment. Similarly to mouse MDSC, IL4Rα is up-regulated in both myeloid populations but its presence correlates with an immunosuppressive phenotype only when mononuclear cells, but not granulocytes, of tumor-bearing patients are considered.
Follicular and Marginal Zone B Cells Fail to Cross-Present MHC Class I-Restricted Epitopes Derived from Viral Particles
Authors: Keller Susanne A. , von Allmen Caroline E. , Hinton Heather J. , Bauer Monika , Muntwiler Simone , Dietmeier Klaus , Saudan Philippe , Bachmann Martin F. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs) are known to be potent inducers of B cell as well as Th cell and CTL responses. It is well established that professional APCs such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages efficiently process viral particles for both MHC class I- and MHC class II-associated presentation, which is essential for induction of CTL and Th cell responses, respectively. Less is known, however, about the ability of B cells to present epitopes derived from viral particles to T cells. Using two different VLPs, in this study we show in vitro as well as in vivo that DCs present VLP-derived peptides in association with MHC class I as well as class II. In contrast, although B cells were able to capture VLPs similarly as DCs and although they efficiently processed VLPs for presentation in association with MHC class II, they failed to process exogenous VLPs for presentation in association with MHC class I. Thus, in contrast to DCs, B cells are not involved in the process of cross-priming. This finding is of physiological importance because B cells with the ability to cross-present Ag to specific CD8+ T cells may be killed by these cells, preventing the generation of neutralizing Ab responses.