bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Transplants Improve Recovery after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Sharp Jason , Frame Jennifer , Siegenthaler Monica , Nistor Gabriel , Keirstead Hans S. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Evidence that cell transplants can improve recovery outcomes in spinal cord injury (SCI) models substantiates treatment strategies involving cell replacement for humans with SCI. Most pre-clinical studies of cell replacement in SCI examine thoracic injury models. However, as most human injuries occur at the cervical level, it is critical to assess potential treatments in cervical injury models and examine their effectiveness using at-level histological and functional measures. To directly address cervical SCI, we used a C5 midline contusion injury model and assessed the efficacy of a candidate therapeutic for thoracic SCI in this cervical model. The contusion generates reproducible, bilateral movement and histological deficits, although a number of injury parameters such as acute severity of injury, affected gray-to-white matter ratio, extent of endogenous remyelination, and at-level locomotion deficits do not correspond with these parameters in thoracic SCI. On the basis of reported benefits in thoracic SCI, we transplanted human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into this cervical model. hESC-derived OPC transplants attenuated lesion pathogenesis and improved recovery of forelimb function. Histological effects of transplantation included robust white and gray matter sparing at the injury epicenter and, in particular, preservation of motor neurons that correlated with movement recovery. These findings further our understanding of the histopathology and functional outcomes of cervical SCI, define potential therapeutic targets, and support the use of these cells as a treatment for cervical SCI.
Non‐viral gene therapy for myocardial engineering
Authors: Holladay Carolyn A. , O'Brien Timothy , Pandit Abhay 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDespite significant advances in surgical and pharmacological techniques, myocardial infarction (MI) remains the main cause of morbidity in the developed world because no remedy has been found for the regeneration of infarcted myocardium. Once the blood supply to the area in question is interrupted, the inflammatory cascade, among other mechanisms, results in the damaged tissue becoming a scar. The goals of cardiac gene therapy are essentially to minimize damage, to promote regeneration, or some combination thereof. While the vector is, in theory, less important than the gene being delivered, the choice of vector can have a significant impact. Viral therapies can have very high transfection efficiencies, but disadvantages include immunogenicity, retroviral‐mediated insertional mutagenesis, and the expense and difficulty of manufacture. For these reasons, researchers have focused on non‐viral gene therapy as an alternative. In this review, naked plasmid delivery, or the delivery of complexed plasmids, and cell‐mediated gene delivery to the myocardium will be reviewed. Pre‐clinical and clinical trials in the cardiac tissue will form the core of the discussion. While unmodified stem cells are sometimes considered therapeutic vectors on the basis of paracrine mechanisms of action basic understanding is limited. Thus, only genetically modified cells will be discussed as cell‐mediated gene therapy. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2010 2 232–248This article is categorized under:

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Cellular and transcriptional responses of yeast to the cleavage of cytosolic tRNAs induced by colicin D
Authors: Shigematsu Megumi , Ogawa Tetsuhiro , Kido Atsuhiro , Kitamoto Hiroko K. , Hidaka Makoto , Masaki Haruhiko 
Published: October 2009

AbstractColicin D is a plasmid‐encoded antibacterial protein that specifically cleaves the anticodon loops of four Escherichia coli tRNAArg species. Here, we report that the catalytic domain of colicin D, which is expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, impairs cell growth by cleaving specific tRNAs. DNA microarray analysis revealed that mating‐related genes were upregulated, while genes involved in a range of metabolic processes were downregulated, thereby impairing cell growth. The pheromone‐signalling pathway was activated only in α cells by tRNA cleavage, which was not observed in ‘a’ cells or diploid cells. On the basis of these results and on the recent identification of two killer toxins that cleave specific tRNAs, the relationship between tRNA depletion and the resultant cellular response is discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structures, Spectroscopy, and Magnetic Properties of Pyrazine‐Bridged Two‐Dimensional Complexes {Ni(pyz)2(OCN)2}n and {Ni(pyz)2(SCN)2}n
Authors: Wang Qing‐Lun , Qi Feng , Yang Guang , Liao Dai‐Zheng , Yang Guang‐Ming , Ren Hong‐Xia 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe two complexes {Ni(pyz)2(OCN)2}n (1) and {Ni(pyz)2(SCN)2}n (2) (pyz = pyrazine) were synthesized by diffusion of metal ion and ligand solutions through a buffer solution in U‐shaped tubes. Single‐crystals were obtained and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Both compounds have 2D sheet structures. Either the cyanate or the thiocyanate group connects to the metal atoms as terminal ligand. The magnetic susceptibility was analyzed and a weak antiferromagnetic interaction is propagated by the bridging pyrazine ligands.
Chelation and Bridging of Zinc(II) by Tetradentate N2S2Donor Ligands: Similarities and Differences to Copper(I) and Copper(II) Systems
Authors: Schnödt Johannes , Sieger Monika , Schleid Thomas , Hartenbach Ingo , Kaim Wolfgang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractReaction of zinc(II) triflate with neutral bis(benzimidazole‐thioether) ligands yielded the complexes [Zn(bmbdh)(H2O)(η1‐SO3CF3)](SO3CF3) (1) with tetradentate chelating 1,6‐bis(N‐methylbenzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐dithiahexane (bmbdh), and dinuclear {[Zn(μ‐bmdhp)(H2O)(η1‐SO3CF3)]2}(SO3CF3)2(2) with bis‐bidentate bridging 1,7‐bis(N‐methylbenzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐2,6‐dithiaheptane (bmdhp). In both cases, the oxygen donor ligands aqua and triflate adoptcispositions at the approximately octahedrally configured Zn2+ions. The hexacoordination is facilitated by rather long Zn–S(thioether) distances in contrast to the typically shorter Zn–S(thiolate) bonds from classical zinc finger proteins or their models. With the shorter central (CH2)nchain (n= 2) the ligand bmbdh exhibits facial coordination of the two NSS donor sets in1, similar as in [Cu(bmdhp)]+ions with lower coordinate copper(I) but in contrast to the related [CuII(bmdhp)(H2O)](ClO4)2with the longer chain ligand bmdhp. In2, the bis‐bidentate coordination of bmdhp ligands to each Zn2+ion occurs in an all‐cisfashion for the pairs of N, S and O donor atoms, in contrast to related [CuI(mmb)2](BF4), mmb = 1‐methyl‐2‐methylthiomethyl‐1H‐benzimidazole.
Solvent‐regulated Assembly of 1D and 2D CdII Coordination Polymers with Tetrafluorophthalate: Syntheses, Structures and Properties
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Chun , Zhang Zhi‐Hui , He Ming‐Yang , Xu Huan , Chen Qun 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo new coordination polymers [Cd(1,2‐BDC‐F4)(H2O)2(py)]n (1) and {[Cd(1,2‐BDC‐F4)(H2O)2](DMF)}n (2) were prepared from the vapor diffusion reactions of CdII acetate with tetrafluorophthalic acid (1,2‐H2BDC‐F4) under different solvent atmospheres, and structurally characterized by single‐crystal diffraction technique. Both complexes reveal polymeric coordination architectures. Complex 1 is a one‐dimensional (1D) double chain, which crystallizes in the space group, P212121. In 1, each CdII ion is hexacoordinate by five oxygen atoms from two terminal water and three 1,2‐BDC‐F4 anions with a μ3‐bridging mode, as well as one nitrogen donor from one pyridine molecule. Complex 2 is a two‐dimensional (2D) layered network, which crystallizes in the P\bar{1} space group. In 2, each CdII ion is heptacoordinate by seven oxygen atoms from two terminal water and four 1,2‐BDC‐F4 anions with a μ4‐bridging mode. The results clearly suggest that the judicious choice of solvent systems does play a critical role in the construction of coordination frameworks with distinct dimensionality and connectivity. Their spectroscopic, thermal, and fluorescence properties have also been investigated.
Zur Kristallchemie von Alkali‐, Erdalkali‐ und Seltenerdmetall‐Oxozinkaten
Authors: Müller‐Buschbaum Hanskarl 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOxozincates are obtained by reactions of ZnO with oxides of large cations like alkali, alkaline earth and rare earth metals. Zinc and oxygen are common elements of the anionic part of crystal structures, mostly forming ZnO4‐tetrahedra. In NaLiZnO2 and RbLiZnO2 the tetrahedra are simultaneously occupied by zinc and lithium atoms. Deviations from the coordination number four are rare. An example of an unusual coordination of the zinc atom is the trigonal planar arrangement of oxygen atoms in Rb2ZnO2, Cs2ZnO2; K4ZnO3 and Na10Zn4O9. Larger polyhedra are square pyramids and octahedra. The first is found for Ba17Ln16Zn8Pt4O57 the latter for the distorted perovskite Sr2ZnUO6. A special feature of the crystal chemistry of zinc is the formation of supertetrahedra, resulting from corner sharing ZnO4‐tetrahedra. Li10Zn4O10 shows a Zn4O10‐supertetrahedron and Ba3M2Zn5O11 (M = In, Lu) the much larger Zn10O20‐supertetrahedron. The connection of Zn10O20‐supertetrahedra to each other results via a simultaneous corner connection of four tetrahedra (unknown in the chemistry of connected SiO4‐tetrahedra). At least KNaZnO2 and RbLiZnO2 show corner connections of four tetrahedra (2 x NaO4 + 2 x ZnO4) and (2 x LiO4 + 2 x ZnO4) at the same point too. Something unusual is the connection of five tetrahedra at the same corner in KLiZnO2 forming a Zn2Li3O11 group.
Clinical Presentation Can Predict Disease Course in Patients with Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas
Authors: Lubezky Nir , Ben‐Haim Menahem , Nakache Richard , Lahat Guy , Blachar Arye , Brazowski Eli , Santo Erwin , Klausner Joseph M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative diagnosis of malignancy within intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas (IPMN) solely by clinical or radiological findings is not always possible. We sought a correlation between preoperative clinico‐radiological findings and outcome.MethodsA prospective database of pancreatic resections for IPMN (2002–2008) and a retrospective pathological revision of all pancreatic cancer specimens (1995–2001) were analyzed. The patients were grouped into asymptomatic with preoperative diagnosis of IPMN (group 1), symptomatic with a preoperative diagnosis of IPMN (group 2), and those with a preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic cancer whose specimen revealed a background of IPMN (group 3). The groups were compared for demographics, clinical presentation, pathological findings, and outcome.ResultsOf the 62 patients with IPMN, 19 were in group 1, 23 in group 2, and 20 in group 3. Their median age (range) was 65.6 (46–80), 67 (50–84), and 73.4 (57–86) years, respectively. The clinical presentation for groups 2 and 3 included abdominal pain (56% vs. 32 %), weight loss (8% vs. 52%), obstructive jaundice (4% vs. 57%), pancreatitis (22% and 5%), and new onset of diabetes (14% and 44%). Invasive cancer was found in one patient in group 1 (5.2%), two patients in group 2 (8.7%), and all patients in group 3. IPMN was present in 23 of 217 (10.6%) of all resected pancreatic cancer specimens. Five year survival for patients with invasive disease was 47% and 92% for patients with noninvasive disease (mean follow‐up 37.6 months).ConclusionsBenign IPMN can usually be differentiated from adenocarcinoma preoperatively. The clinical presentation is highly indicative of disease course.
Improving Surgical Care in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Pivotal Role for the World Health Organization
Authors: Bickler Stephen W. , Spiegel David 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn response to increasing evidence that surgical conditions are an important global public health problem, and data suggesting that essential surgical services can be delivered in a cost‐effective manner in low‐ and middle‐income countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) has expanded its interest in surgical care. In 2004, WHO established a Clinical Procedures Unit within the Department of Essential Health Technologies. This unit has developed the Emergency and Essential Surgical Project (EESC), which includes a basic surgical training program based on the “Integrated Management of Emergency and Essential Surgical Care” Toolkit and the textbook “Surgery at the District Hospital.” To promote the importance of emergency and essential surgical care, a Global Initiative for Emergency and Essential Care was launched in 2005. In what maybe the most important development, surgical care is included in WHO’s new comprehensive primary health care plan. Given these rapid developments, surgical care at WHO may be approaching a critical “tipping point.” Lobbying for a World Health Assembly resolution on emergency and essential surgical care, and developing “structured collaborations” between WHO and various stakeholders are potential ways to ensure that the global surgery agenda continues to move forward.
Ear symptoms in children with Fabry disease: data from the Fabry Outcome Survey
Authors: Keilmann A. , Hajioff D. , Ramaswami U. ,   on behalf of the FOS Investigators
Published: October 2009

SummaryBackground: Hearing loss and tinnitus are common symptoms in Fabry disease and increase in prevalence with age. This study aimed to provide an epidemiological description of hearing impairment and tinnitus in children with Fabry disease in the Fabry Outcome Survey (FOS), an international database to assess the natural history of Fabry disease and the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy with agalsidase alfa. Methods: Signs and symptoms questionnaires were completed for 543 children with Fabry disease. Pure‐tone audiograms were obtained from 101 children (53 girls, 48 boys). Results: On questioning, 33% of the children (n = 179) reported subjective hearing impairment. However, when assessed by age‐appropriate audiometry, only 19 of 101 patients (19%) had a persistent hearing loss at least one frequency. Of these, 14 had a high‐frequency hearing loss, 4 a pan‐frequency hearing loss, and 1 a pattern typical of noise‐induced loss. Of the 101 children with audiometry, 44 complained of tinnitus. Only 2 children reported sudden hearing loss, which was not verified by audiometry. Children with tinnitus had greater disease severity scores. Conclusions: Hearing loss is a well‐known clinical manifestation in patients with Fabry disease. It was reported in significant numbers of children in the FOS signs and symptoms questionnaire, but confirmed in only 19% by formal audiometry. The subjective hearing impairment may have been due to middle‐ear effusions in many cases. Tinnitus is a well‐recognized symptom in Fabry disease and can present in childhood. The presence of tinnitus correlated with overall disease severity.
Determination of Sinapic Acid Derivatives in Canola Extracts Using High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Khattab Rabie , Eskin Michael , Aliani Michel , Thiyam Usha 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with diode array detection (DAD) was used to determine the total phenolics, including sinapic acid derivatives in canola. Ten Western Canadian canola seeds, six other commodity canola seeds, their corresponding press cakes and meals were analyzed. Seeds of European 00 rapeseed and Brassica Juncea (Indian mustard) were included for comparison. Phenolic compounds were separated using a gradient elution system of water–methanol‐ο‐phosphoric acid solution with a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. In addition to sinapine (SP) and sinapic acid (SA), sinapoyl glucose (SG) is reported in the methanolic extracts. The detection and quantification limits of these compounds were 0.20–0.40 and 0.50–0.80 μg/ml, respectively with recovery values over 98.0%. The content of total phenolics, SP, SA and SG in canola extracts ranged from 9.16 to 16.13, 6.39 to 12.28, 0.11 to 0.59 and 1.36 to 7.50 mg/g, respectively with significant differences among varieties.
Characterization of Oil Precipitate and Oil Extracted from Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles
Authors: Majoni Sandra , Wang Tong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOil extracted from condensed corn distillers solubles (CCDS) can form a semi‐solid and waxy precipitate at the bottom of containers during storage. CCDS is a good source to recover oil, and such oil can be converted to biodiesel. Precipitate formation in the extracted oil is mainly a physical stability problem, but it may become a performance problem for biodiesel. The objective of the present work was to determine the composition of the CCDS oil precipitate and also determine if valuable phytosterols were present in high concentration. The free fatty acid (FFA) content was very high, 35.7%, and fatty acid composition of the FFA fraction was predominantly palmitic acid, 70.3%. The solid appearance was mainly due to a high percentage of high‐melting point free saturated fatty acid. The total unsaponifiable matter was 2.0%, and total phytosterol content was 8.6 mg/g of CCDS oil precipitate. Therefore, CCDS oil precipitate is a not an enriched source of phytosterols compared to total sterols present in crude corn oil (15.6 mg/g oil). The wax content was high, 2.5 mg/g of CCDS oil precipitate compared to 0.5 mg/g of crude corn oil. CCDS oil that is uncentrifugable but polar solvent extractable (trapped oil fraction) was also characterized and found to contain more polar lipids than those in the free oil fraction (centrifugable oil).
Improving oversight of genetically engineered organisms
Authors: Kuzma Jennifer , Kuzhabekova Aliya , Wilder Kelly Morgan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGenetic engineering (GE) has been used to produce plants with desirable qualities for over two decades, and widespread, world-wide market adoption of engineered crops with pest and disease resistance characteristics has occurred. Genetically engineered organisms (GEOs), including GE crops, have been formally overseen by the U.S. government since the mid-1980s. In this article, our previous work on identifying strengths and weaknesses of the U.S. GEO oversight system is reviewed, and a new analysis of the system based on expert and stakeholder interviews is presented. Using both analyses and an examination of historical controversies surrounding GEOs, three categories of improvements to oversight are identified: democratization of oversight processes, establishing clear mechanisms for inter-agency and -organization coordination, and taking on uncertainty through upstream and fluid approaches. The paper also discusses feasibility issues and barriers associated with implementing changes in these areas, notably the overarching U.S. approach to regulation and legal authorities.
Plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites as potential biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye cereal fibre intakes in women
Authors: Aubertin-Leheudre Mylène , Koskela Anja , Samaletdin Adile , Adlercreutz Herman 
Published: October 2009

It has been demonstrated that intact plasma alkylresorcinols (AR) and urinary AR metabolites could be used as biomarkers of whole-grain intake. Thereafter, we developed the method for the plasma AR metabolites, which is more convenient and requires less sample pretreatment than the analysis of intact plasma AR. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether AR metabolites measured in plasma, in the same population, could also be considered as useful biomarkers of cereal fibre. Fifty-six women were recruited in a cross-sectional and observational study. Dietary intake (5-d record) and plasma AR metabolites (3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, DHBA; 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid, DHPPA) were measured. The relationship between plasma AR metabolites and cereal fibre intake was examined using partial correlation and stepwise regression. Cereal fibre intake correlated significantly with plasma DHBA (r 0·411; P = 0·002) and DHPPA (r 0·463; P = 0·000) even after adjustment for BMI and age. Thus, plasma AR metabolites correlate with cereal fibre intake as noted with plasma intact AR and urinary AR metabolites. We observed that plasma DHPPA was the independent predictor of cereal fibre intake, explaining 18 % of the variance (adjusted r2 0·176; P = 0·002). In epidemiological screening, it might be easier to obtain and to collect plasma than urine samples. In addition, the plasma AR metabolites half-life seems longer than those of intact plasma AR, and their measurements are more convenient, and faster. Thus, sum of plasma AR metabolites and more specifically plasma DHPPA seems to be good and specific biomarkers of cereal fibre intake.
Effects of a breakfast yoghurt, with additional total whey protein or caseinomacropeptide-depleted α-lactalbumin-enriched whey protein, on diet-induced thermogenesis and appetite suppression
Authors: Hursel Rick , van der Zee Lucie , Westerterp-Plantenga Margriet S. 
Published: October 2009

Previous studies have shown effects of high-protein diets, especially whey protein, on energy expenditure and satiety, yet a possible distinction between the effects of whey or α-lactalbumin has not been made. The present study assessed the effects of the addition of total whey protein (whey) or caseinomacropeptide-depleted α-lactalbumin-enriched whey protein (α-lac) to a breakfast yoghurt drink on energy expenditure and appetite suppression in human subjects. A total of eighteen females and seventeen males (aged 20·9 (sd 1·9) years; BMI 23·0 (sd 2·1) kg/m2) participated in an experiment with a randomised, three-arm, cross-over design where diet-induced energy expenditure, respiratory quotient and satiety were measured. Breakfasts were isoenergetic and subject-specific: a normal-protein (NP) breakfast consisting of whole milk (15, 47 and 38 % energy from protein, carbohydrate and fat, respectively), a high-protein (HP) breakfast with additional whey or a HP breakfast containing α-lac (41, 47 and 12 % energy from protein, carbohydrate and fat, respectively). Resting energy expenditure did not differ between the three conditions. HP breakfasts (area under the curve: whey, 217·1 (se 10·0) kJ × 4 h; α-lac, 234·3 (se 11·6) kJ × 4 h; P < 0·05) increased diet-induced thermogenesis more compared with a NP yoghurt at breakfast (179·7 (se 10·9) kJ × 4 h; P < 0·05). Hunger and desire to eat were significantly more suppressed after α-lac (hunger, − 6627 (se 823); desire to eat, − 6750 (se 805) mm visual analogue scale (VAS) × 4 h; P < 0·05) than after the whey HP breakfast (hunger, − 5448 (se 913); desire to eat, − 5070 (se 873) mm VAS × 4 h; P < 0·05). After the HP breakfasts, a positive protein balance occurred (α-lac, 0·35 (sd 0·18) MJ/4 h; whey, 0·37 (sd 0·20) MJ/4 h; P < 0·001); after the NP breakfast a positive fat balance occurred (1·03 (sd 0·29) MJ/4 h; P < 0·001). In conclusion, consumption of a breakfast yoghurt drink with added whey or α-lac increased energy expenditure, protein balance and decreased fat balance compared with a NP breakfast. The α-lac-enriched yoghurt drink suppressed hunger and the desire to eat more than the whey-enriched yoghurt drink.