bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of perceived powerlessness and other barriers to climate action
Authors: Pickering Gary J. , Dale Gillian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe impacts of anthropogenic climate change are rapidly worsening, but current efforts to mitigate this crisis are insufficient. Therefore, it is critically important to understand how to motivate more individuals to take action to protect against future climate change impacts. This study examines the individual‐level factors that predict motivations to act, as well as potential barriers to action in a sample of Canadian adults. Participants completed a questionnaire that assessed a) demographics; b) climate change knowledge, opinions, and scepticism; and c) psychological factors that may impede action. The responses were analyzed to determine the factors that explain whether individuals would change their actions in light of climate change and to what extent climate change considerations impact their actions. Predictors of action included how informed individuals were about climate change, perceived severity of its effects, perceived urgency to act, and climate change scepticism. The strongest predictor was perceived powerlessness; individuals who felt a sense of powerlessness were less likely to change their actions and reported that the threat of climate change had less influence over their behaviours. Powerlessness in turn was associated with age and political affiliation. Implications of these findings, and possible solutions to overcome the barrier of perceived powerlessness, are discussed.
Inflammatory response in traumatic brain and spinal cord injury: The role of XCL1‐XCR1 axis and T cells
Authors: Zhang Mingkang , Han Xiaonan , Yan Liyan , Fu Yikun , Kou Hongwei , Shang Chunfeng , Wang Junmin , Liu Hongjian , Jiang Chao , Wang Jian , Cheng Tian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are acquired injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) caused by external forces that cause temporary or permanent sensory and motor impairments and the potential for long‐term disability or even death. These conditions currently lack effective treatments and impose substantial physical, social, and economic burdens on millions of people and families worldwide. TBI and SCI involve intricate pathological mechanisms, and the inflammatory response contributes significantly to secondary injury in TBI and SCI. It plays a crucial role in prolonging the post‐CNS trauma period and becomes a focal point for a potential therapeutic intervention. Previous research on the inflammatory response has traditionally concentrated on glial cells, such as astrocytes and microglia. However, increasing evidence highlights the crucial involvement of lymphocytes in the inflammatory response to CNS injury, particularly CD8+ T cells and NK cells, along with their downstream XCL1‐XCR1 axis.ObjectiveThis review aims to provide an overview of the role of the XCL1‐XCR1 axis and the T‐cell response in inflammation caused by TBI and SCI and identify potential targets for therapy.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed and Web of Science using relevant keywords related to the XCL1‐XCR1 axis, T‐cell response, TBI, and SCI.ResultsThis study examines the upstream and downstream pathways involved in inflammation caused by TBI and SCI, including interleukin‐15 (IL‐15), interleukin‐12 (IL‐12), CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, NK cells, XCL1, XCR1+ dendritic cells, interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), helper T0 cells (Th0 cells), helper T1 cells (Th1 cells), and helper T17 cells (Th17 cells). We describe their proinflammatory effect in TBI and SCI.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the XCL1‐XCR1 axis and the T‐cell response have great potential for preclinical investigations and treatments for TBI and SCI.
Hippocampal mitophagy contributes to spatial memory via maintaining neurogenesis during the development of mice
Authors: Xu Le , Saeed Saboor , Ma Xinxu , Cen Xufeng , Sun Yifei , Tian Yanan , Zhang Xuhong , Zhang Danhua , Tang Anying , Zhou Hetong , Lai Jianbo , Xia Hongguang , Hu Shaohua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundImpaired mitochondrial dynamics have been identified as a significant contributing factor to reduced neurogenesis under pathological conditions. However, the relationship among mitochondrial dynamics, neurogenesis, and spatial memory during normal development remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the role of mitophagy in spatial memory mediated by neurogenesis during development.MethodsAdolescent and adult male mice were used to assess spatial memory performance. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to evaluate levels of neurogenesis, and mitochondrial dynamics were assessed through western blotting and transmission electron microscopy. Pharmacological interventions further validated the causal relationship among mitophagy, neurogenesis, and behavioral performance during development.ResultsThe study revealed differences in spatial memory between adolescent and adult mice. Diminished neurogenesis, accompanied by reduced mitophagy, was observed in the hippocampus of adult mice compared to adolescent subjects. Pharmacological induction of mitophagy in adult mice with UMI‐77 resulted in enhanced neurogenesis and prolonged spatial memory retention. Conversely, inhibition of mitophagy with Mdivi‐1 in adolescent mice led to reduced hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired spatial memory.ConclusionThe observed decline in spatial memory in adult mice is associated with decreased mitophagy, which affects neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. This underscores the therapeutic potential of enhancing mitophagy to counteract age‐ or disease‐related cognitive decline.
Disrupted individual‐level morphological brain network in spinal muscular atrophy types 2 and 3
Authors: Li Yufen , Nie Huirong , Xiang Pei , Shen Wanqing , Yan Mengzhen , Yan Cui , Su Shu , Qian Long , Liang Yujian , Tang Wen , Yang Zhiyun , Li Yijuan , Chen Yingqian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the most common monogenic neuromuscular diseases, and the pathogenesis mechanisms, especially the brain network topological properties, remain unknown. This study aimed to use individual‐level morphological brain network analysis to explore the brain neural network mechanisms in SMA.MethodsIndividual‐level gray matter (GM) networks were constructed by estimating the interregional similarity of GM volume distribution using both Kullback–Leibler divergence‐based similarity (KLDs) and Jesen‐Shannon divergence‐based similarity (JSDs) measurements based on Automated Anatomical Labeling 116 and Hammersmith 83 atlases for 38 individuals with SMA types 2 and 3 and 38 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs). The topological properties were analyzed by the graph theory approach and compared between groups by a nonparametric permutation test. Additionally, correlation analysis was used to assess the associations between altered topological metrics and clinical characteristics.ResultsCompared with HCs, although global network topology remained preserved in individuals with SMA, brain regions with altered nodal properties mainly involved the right olfactory gyrus, right insula, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, right amygdala, right thalamus, left superior temporal gyrus, left cerebellar lobule IV–V, bilateral cerebellar lobule VI, right cerebellar lobule VII, and vermis VII and IX. Further correlation analysis showed that the nodal degree of the right cerebellar lobule VII was positively correlated with the disease duration, and the right amygdala was negatively correlated with the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) scores.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that topological reorganization may prioritize global properties over nodal properties, and disrupted topological properties in the cortical–limbic‐cerebellum circuit in SMA may help to further understand the network pathogenesis underlying SMA.
Continuous identity authentication protocol against quantum attacks in satellite integrated smart grid
Authors: Huang Chao , Yang Min , Li Bo , Yu Lin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo address the issue of low efficiency caused by the repeated use of quantum attack resistant static identity authentication methods in a satellite integrated smart grid, this paper proposes a quantum attack resistant continuous identity authentication protocol. First, in the initial authentication stage, in order to reduce computational complexity, the key encryption mechanism in the CRYSTALS‐Kyber algorithm was improved and combined with the NTRU message recovery digital signature scheme to construct a lattice based explicit AKE (Kyber NTRU. AKE), which achieved mutual authentication and negotiated shared tokens. Second, in the continuous authentication stage, incorporating quantum attack resistant tokens into the current algorithm to improve authentication efficiency. The formal analysis results indicate that compared to the weakly forward secure Kyber.AKE in the CRYSTALS‐Kyber algorithm, Kyber‐NTRU.AKE achieves complete forward secrecy, while the non‐formal analysis results demonstrate the security of the continuous authentication phase. Through theoretical analysis and efficiency comparison with Cyber.AKE, the analysis shows that the Cyber‐NTRU.AKE has higher computational and communication efficiency than Cyber.AKE.
Breast tumor detection using multi‐feature block based neural network by fusion of CT and MRI images
Authors: Kumari Bersha , Nandal Amita , Dhaka Arvind 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRadiologists and clinicians must automatically examine breast and tumor locations and sizes accurately. In recent years, several neural network‐based feature fusion versions have been created to improve medical image segmentation. Multi‐modal image fusion photos may efficiently identify tumors. This work uses image fusion to identify computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging alterations. A Gauss‐log ratio operator is recommended for difference image production. The Gauss‐log ratio and log ratio difference image complement the objective of improving the difference map through image fusion. The feature change matrix extracts edge, texture, and intensity from each picture pixel. The final change detection map classifies feature vectors as “changed” or “unchanged” which has been mapped for high‐resolution or low‐resolution pixels. This paper proposes a multi‐feature blocks (MFB) based neural network for multi‐feature fusion. This neural network modeling approach globalizes pixel spatial relationships. MFB‐based feature fusion also aims to capture channel interactions between feature maps. The proposed technique outperforms state‐of‐the‐art approaches which have been discussed in detail in experimental results section.
Protein phosphatase SCP4 regulates cartilage development and endochondral osteogenesis via FoxO3a dephosphorylation
Authors: Wang Pinger , Zou Kaiao , Cao Jin , Zhang Zhengmao , Yuan Wenhua , Chen Jiali , Xu Jianbo , Zou Zhen , Chen Di , Ruan Hongfeng , Feng Jianying , Lin Xia , Jin Hongting 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe regulatory mechanisms involved in embryonic development are complex and yet remain unclear. SCP4 represents a novel nucleus‐resident phosphatase identified in our previous study. The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the function of SCP4 in the progress of cartilage development and endochondral osteogenesis. SCP4−/− and SCP4Col2ER mice were constructed to assess differences in bone formation using whole skeleton staining. ABH/OG staining was used to compare chondrocyte differentiation and cartilage development. Relevant biological functions were analysed using RNA‐sequencing and GO enrichment, further validated by immunohistochemical staining, Co‐IP and Western Blot. Global SCP4 knockout led to abnormal embryonic development in SCP4−/− mice, along with delayed endochondral osteogenesis. In parallel, chondrocyte‐specific removal of SCP4 yielded more severe embryonic deformities in SCP4Col2ER mice, including limb shortening, reduced chondrocyte number in the growth plate, disorganisation and cell enlargement. Moreover, RNA‐sequencing analysis showed an association between SCP4 and chondrocyte apoptosis. Notably, Tunnel‐positive cells were indeed increased in the growth plates of SCP4Col2ER mice. The deficiency of SCP4 up‐regulated the expression levels of pro‐apoptotic proteins both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, phosphorylation of FoxO3a (pFoxO3a), a substrate of SCP4, was heightened in chondrocytes of SCP4Col2ER mice growth plate, and the direct interaction between SCP4 and pFoxO3a was further validated in chondrocytes. Our findings underscore the critical role of SCP4 in regulating cartilage development and endochondral osteogenesis during embryonic development partially via inhibition of chondrocytes apoptosis regulated by FoxO3a dephosphorylation.
Genetic variants of LEAP2 are associated with anthropometric traits and circulating insulin‐like growth factor‐1 concentration: A UK Biobank study
Authors: Andreoli María F. , Gentreau Mélissa , Rukh Gull , Perello Mario , Schiöth Helgi B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo test the hypothesis that liver‐expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) genetic variants might influence the susceptibility to human obesity.MethodsUsing data from the UK Biobank, we identified independent LEAP2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and examined their associations with obesity traits and serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) concentration. These associations were evaluated for both individual SNPs and after combining them into a genetic risk score (GRSLEAP2) using linear and logistic regression models. Sex‐stratified analyses were also conducted.ResultsFive SNPs showed positive associations with obesity‐related traits. rs57880964 was associated with body mass index (BMI) and waist‐to‐hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI), in the total population and among women. Four independent SNPs were positively associated with higher serum IGF‐1 concentrations in both men and women. GRSLEAP2 was associated with BMI and WHRadjBMI only in women and with serum IGF‐1 concentration in both sexes.ConclusionsThese findings reveal sex‐specific associations between key LEAP2 gene variants and several obesity traits, while also indicating a strong independent association of LEAP2 variants with serum IGF‐1 concentration.
Planting long‐lived trees in a warming climate: Theory shows the importance of stage‐dependent climatic tolerance
Authors: Erlichman Adèle , Sandell Linnea , Otto Sarah P. , Aitken Sally N. , Ronce Ophélie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimate change poses a particular threat to long‐lived trees, which may not adapt or migrate fast enough to keep up with rising temperatures. Assisted gene flow could facilitate adaptation of populations to future climates by using managed translocation of seeds from a warmer location (provenance) within the current range of a species. Finding the provenance that will perform best in terms of survival or growth is complicated by a trade‐off. Because trees face a rapidly changing climate during their long lives, the alleles that confer optimal performance may vary across their lifespan. For instance, trees from warmer provenances could be well adapted as adults but suffer from colder temperatures while juvenile. Here we use a stage‐structured model, using both analytical predictions and numerical simulations, to determine which provenance would maximize the survival of a cohort of long‐lived trees in a changing climate. We parameterize our simulations using empirically estimated demographic transition matrices for 20 long‐lived tree species. Unable to find reliable quantitative estimates of how climatic tolerance changes across stages in these same species, we varied this parameter to study its effect. Both our mathematical model and simulations predict that the best provenance depends strongly on how fast the climate changes and also how climatic tolerance varies across the lifespan of a tree. We thus call for increased empirical efforts to measure how climate tolerance changes over life in long‐lived species, as our model suggests that it should strongly influence the best provenance for assisted gene flow.
Morphine synovial fluid concentrations after intravenous regional limb perfusion in horses during standing sedation
Authors: Kilcoyne Isabelle , Nieto Jorge , Nottle Bridget F. , Flynn Harriet , Knych Heather K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAddition of morphine to the perfusate while performing intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) may be helpful in treating painful infectious orthopaedic conditions of the distal limb.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to determine synovial morphine concentrations following IVRLP with morphine alone or in combination with amikacin.Study designRandomised cross‐over in vivo experiment.MethodsSix horses underwent IVRLP with 0.1 mg/kg morphine sulphate diluted to 60 mL using 0.9% NaCl (M group) or combined with 2 g amikacin and 0.9% NaCl (MA group) with a 2‐week washout period between treatments. Synovial fluid was collected from the radiocarpal joint (RCJ) at 10, 20, 30, 120, 240, 480, 720 and 1440 min after IVRLP. The tourniquet was removed after the 30‐min sample was collected. Synovial concentrations of morphine and major metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Amikacin concentrations were quantified by a fluorescence polarisation immunoassay.ResultsMeasurable concentrations of morphine were apparent in the RCJ of all horses. Median CMAX of morphine in the M group was 4753.1 (2115.7–14 934.5) ng/mL and 4477 (3434.3–7363) ng/mL in the MA group (p = 0.5). Median CMAX of synovial amikacin was 322.6 (157.5–1371.6 μg/mL).Main limitationsLimitations include small sample size. Investigators were not blinded to the treatments and a third treatment group where amikacin alone was administered via IVRLP to the study population was not included.ConclusionsIVRLP using morphine is a feasible technique and synovial morphine concentrations were measurable following IVRLP and were not affected when used concurrently with amikacin. Administration of morphine via IVRLP may be beneficial as an analgesic technique for orthopaedic conditions of the distal limb while limiting potential serious systemic side‐effects.
The novel prognostic marker SPOCK2 regulates tumour progression in melanoma
Authors: Kang Ji Young , Cho Hyeijin , Gil Minchan , Lee Haeryung , Park Soochul , Kim Kyung Eun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSecreted protein acidic and cysteine rich/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal‐like domain proteoglycan 2 (SPOCK2) is a protein that regulates cell differentiation and growth. Recent studies have reported that SPOCK2 plays important roles in the progression of various human cancers; however, the role of SPOCK2 in melanoma remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the roles of SPOCK2 and the related mechanisms in melanoma progression. To evaluate the clinical significance of SPOCK2 expression in patients with melanoma, we analysed the association between SPOCK2 expression and its prognostic value for patients with melanoma using systematic multiomic analysis. Subsequently, to investigate the roles of Spock2 in melanoma progression in vitro and in vivo, we knocked down Spock2 in the B16F10 melanoma cell line. High SPOCK2 levels were positively associated with good prognosis and long survival rate of patients with melanoma. Spock2 knockdown promoted melanoma cell proliferation by inducing the cell cycle and inhibiting apoptosis. Moreover, Spock2 downregulation significantly increased cell migration and invasion by upregulating MMP2 and MT1‐MMP. The increased cell proliferation and migration were inhibited by MAPK inhibitor, and ERK phosphorylation was considerably enhanced in Spock2 knockdown cells. Therefore, Spock2 could function as a tumour suppressor gene to regulate melanoma progression by regulating the MAPK/ERK signalling pathway. Additionally, Spock2 knockdown cell injection induced considerable tumour growth and lung metastasis in C57BL6 mice compared to that in the control group. Our findings suggest that SPOCK2 plays crucial roles in malignant progression of melanoma and functions as a novel therapeutic target of melanoma.
Interplay between diabetes mellitus and atopic dermatitis
Authors: Lei Dongyun , Zhang Jiechen , Zhu Tingting , Zhang Litao , Man Mao‐Qiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInflammatory dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis (AD) have long been linked to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Indeed, numerous studies show an increased risk of diabetes mellitus in individuals with AD although lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus is also observed in few studies. Though the underlying mechanisms accounting for the reciprocal influence between these two conditions are still unclear, the complex interplay between diabetes mellitus and AD is attributable, in part, to genetic and environmental factors, cytokines, epidermal dysfunction, as well as drugs used for the treatment of AD. Proper management of one condition can mitigate the other condition. In this review, we summarize the evidence of the interaction between diabetes mellitus and AD, and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms by which these two conditions influence each other.
Interparental conflict trajectories across various child residence arrangements when parents live apart
Authors: Holt Tonje , Helland Maren Sand , Larsen Linda , Gustavson Kristin , Smyth Bruce 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn Norway, as in most Western countries, a growing proportion of parents living apart choose shared residence for their children. The aim of this study was to investigate trajectories of five interparental conflict dimensions across four child residence arrangement groups (and three combination groups) to improve understanding of different conflict trajectories when parents live apart. We used data from the Dynamics of Family Conflict study. Families (N = 1136) were recruited from 37 family counseling centers across Norway. Parents answered questionnaires in three waves: Wave 1 (December 2017 through August 2019); Wave 2 (November 2019 through January 2021); and Wave 3 (April through May 2021). Mixed effects analyses indicated that (a) for all conflict dimensions, there was less conflict and more cooperation over time across all residence arrangements; (b) except for children's involvement in conflict, the conflict dimensions did not develop differently over time between residence arrangements; (c) families with arrangements in which one parent had minority time (1%–14% and 15%–34%) were more likely to report children being involved in their parents' arguments over time than the 35%–49% and 50/50 residence groups; (d) for families with high relational risk pattern, children's involvement in conflict did not decline in either a high (1–34%) or a low degree (35%–49%) of sharing; and (e) families with a violent risk pattern and low degree of sharing (1%–34%) had the steepest decrease in conflict frequency/intensity over time. Even with an average decrease in destructive conflict dimensions over time, the findings point to the need for providing support for parents with complex needs, particularly for parents with a high relational risk pattern.
Working on what works: A critical reflection on the past, present, and future of parenting education programs for divorcing and separating parents
Authors: Markham Melinda Stafford , Ferraro Anthony J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this commentary, we revisit the current state of research on parenting education programs for divorcing and separating parents and reflect on what scholars have recommended as priorities for future research. We then explore how the collection of articles in this special issue advance those priorities in meaningful ways. Topics addressed include recommendations for parenting education program content, parenting education to better meet families' needs, and measurement of program effectiveness. Implications for practitioners, family court professionals, and researchers are discussed.