bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Biginelli Compounds Using Cobalt Hydrogen Sulfate
Authors: Memarian Hamid Reza , Ranjbar Mahnaz 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEfficient synthesis of various 2‐oxo(thioxo)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidines containing acetyl, carboethoxy, carbomethoxy and carboxamide groups on 5‐position of the N1‐substituted and N1‐unsubstituted heterocyclic ring was achieved using cobalt hydrogen sulfate Co(HSO4)2 under thermal conditions. Good to high yield, shorter reaction times, easy work up and simple preparation of Co(HSO4)2 are the advantages using this synthetic method.
Lamivudine resistance mutations in European patients with hepatitis B and patients co‐infected with HIV and hepatitis B
Authors: Taramasso Lucia , Caligiuri Patrizia , Di Biagio Antonio , Bruzzone Bianca , Rosso Raffaella , Icardi Giancarlo , Viscoli Claudio 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEvaluation of resistance pattern in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Retrospective study of hepatitis B virus (HBV) resistance mutations in patients found viraemic after first‐line treatment. HBV viral load was determined by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction and the substitutions in HBV‐DNA were studied by polymerase sequencing test. First line treatment had failed in 12 out of 33 patients (36%) receiving anti‐HBV drugs. The 12 patients with persistent viraemia were all lamivudine (LAM) experienced and 7 had a polymerase sequencing test available. LAM substitution mutations L180M + M204V/I were found in six out of seven cases, with an accompanying V173L mutation in three cases. These mutations were also related with changes in HBsAg. The use of potent drugs in the first line anti‐HBV therapy may reduce the resistance mutations in the future. J. Med. Virol. 83:1905–1908, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High prevalence of intermediate‐risk human papillomavirus infection in uterine cervices of kenyan women infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Rahman Mosfequr , Sasagawa Toshiyuki , Yamada Rika , Kingoro Alan , Ichimura Hiroshi , Makinoda Satoru 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate an association between certain human papillomavirus (HPV) types and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Sexually active females (n = 487; 19–61 years old) were enrolled in the study. Subjects underwent Pap testing and evaluations of HIV and HPV infection status on uterine cervical cell samples. HPV genotyping was performed using a Kurabo GeneSQUARE DNA microarray test. Overall, 23 HPV genotypes were detected, and the most prevalent HPV genotype was HPV‐52, followed by HPV‐39, ‐54, ‐45, ‐56, ‐53, ‐31, ‐42, ‐16, ‐68, and ‐51. HPV‐30, ‐53, ‐54, ‐61, and ‐66, which are associated with abnormal cytology, are categorized as intermediate‐risk in this study. Detection of both high‐ and intermediate‐risk HPV types was significantly associated with cervical abnormality and HIV infection. Multivariate analysis revealed that some high‐risk HPV types (HPV‐31, ‐45, ‐51, ‐56, and ‐59) and most intermediate‐risk HPV types were associated with HIV infection, while the high‐risk types (HPV‐16, ‐18, ‐33, ‐35, ‐39, ‐52, ‐58, and ‐68) were not. The oncogenic effect of the most malignant HPV types (e.g., HPV‐16 and ‐18) appear to be lower, while that of intermediate‐risk types are greater, in areas with a high prevalence of HIV infection. J. Med. Virol. 83:1988–1996, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The dynamics of a novel method coupling high‐performance liquid chromatography with resonance Rayleigh scattering
Authors: Zhang Lei , Peng Jingdong , Liu Shaopu , Cao Huihui 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe dynamics of a novel method coupling high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) is presented in the paper. The method was employed in the detection of fluoroquinolones (FQs) of urine samples from healthy human beings, by forming ion‐association complexes between the components separated from HPLC and [Ce(OH)3]+ as the molecular recognition probe. The RRS signal was measured at λex=λem=365 nm. It was applied to detect three FQs and obtained satisfactory results. The RRS spectral characteristics of the analytes and the kinetics of flow rate, proportion of organic phase, reaction time and the aggregation level of ion‐association complexes were investigated, which provided a new basis for the development of the hyphenated techniques. It was established that the presence of HPLC‐RRS would open up a new field in the determination of analytes in the absence of UV or fluorescence.
Short path evaporation for the production of premium quality oils
Authors: Skaliotis Leon 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe Centritherm® RM Series evaporator (CTRM) has been designed specifically for short path (molecular distillation) applications in the Oils & Fats Industry. It can be used for a range of applications such as pesticide removal from citrus oils to omega‐3 production from fish oils. The following article describes the CTRM, its benefits and applications in more detail.
The photonic perspective of organic light‐emitting transistors
Authors: Muccini M. , Koopman W. , Toffanin S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article will give an overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art of OLETs from the point of view of their photonic characteristics. In particular, the different device structures realized, the materials used and the strategies implemented to integrate optical resonators and waveguiding structures into light‐emitting field‐effect transistors will be reviewed and the main findings discussed. (Picture: Courtesy of E. T. C. srl)
Beam engineering of quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Yu N. , Wang Q. , Capasso F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper reviews beam engineering of mid‐infrared and terahertz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), based on two approaches: designer plasmonic structures and deformed microcavities. The plasmonic structures couple laser emission into surface waves and control the laser wavefront in the near‐field, thereby greatly increasing beam collimation or introducing new functionalities to QCLs. The plasmonic designs overall preserve laser performance in terms of operating temperature and power output. The deformed microcavity QCLs operate primarily on whispering‐gallery modes, which have much higher quality factors than other modes, leading to lower threshold current densities. Cavity deformations are carefully controlled to greatly enhance directionality and output power.
Catalytic Activity of [2]Borametallocenophanes
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Dörfler Rainer , Friedrich Maria , Kraft Mario , Oechsner Andreas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSeveral „2”︁borametallocenophanes of group IV were used as catalysts for ethylene polymerization reactions. The obtained polymers were characterized by GPC and DSC analyses. Furthermore, we investigated on the copolymerization of ethylene and 1‐hexene catalyzed by „2”︁borazircocenophanes.
Chronic ( − )-epicatechin improves vascular oxidative and inflammatory status but not hypertension in chronic nitric oxide-deficient rats
Authors: Gómez-Guzmán Manuel , Jiménez Rosario , Sánchez Manuel , Romero Miguel , O'Valle Francisco , Lopez-Sepulveda Rocío , Quintela Ana María , Galindo Pilar , Zarzuelo María José , Bailón Elvira , Delpón Eva , Perez-Vizcaino Francisco , Duarte Juan 
Published: September 2011

The present study analysed the effects of the flavanol ( − )-epicatechin in rats after chronic inhibition of NO synthesis with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), at doses equivalent to those achieved in the studies involving human subjects. Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) control-vehicle, (2) l-NAME, (3) l-NAME-epicatechin 2 (l-NAME-Epi 2) and (4) l-NAME-epicatechin 10 (l-NAME-Epi 10). Rats were daily given by oral administration for 4 weeks: vehicle, ( − )-epicatechin 2 or 10 mg/kg. Animals in the l-NAME groups daily received l-NAME 75 mg/100 ml in drinking-water. The evolution in systolic blood pressure and heart rate, and morphological and plasma variables, proteinuria, vascular superoxide, reactivity and protein expression at the end of the experiment were analysed. Chronic ( − )-epicatechin treatment did not modify the development of hypertension and only weakly affected the endothelial dysfunction induced by l-NAME but prevented the cardiac hypertrophy, the renal parenchyma and vascular lesions and proteinuria, and blunted the prostanoid-mediated enhanced endothelium-dependent vasoconstrictor responses and the cyclo-oxygenase-2 and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) up-regulation. Furthermore, ( − )-epicatechin also increased Akt and eNOS phosphorylation and prevented the l-NAME-induced increase in systemic (plasma malonyldialdehyde and urinary 8-iso-PGF2α) and vascular (dihydroethidium staining, NADPH oxidase activity and p22phox up-regulation) oxidative stress, proinflammatory status (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, IL-1β and TNFα up-regulation) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. The present study shows for the first time that chronic oral administration of ( − )-epicatechin does not improve hypertension but reduced pro-atherogenic pathways such as oxidative stress and proinflammatory status of the vascular wall induced by blockade of NO production.
Dependence of laser accelerated protons on laser energy following the interaction of defocused, intense laser pulses with ultra-thin targets
Authors: Brenner C.M. , Green J.S. , Robinson A.P.L. , Carroll D.C. , Dromey B. , Foster P.S. , Kar S. , Li Y.T. , Markey K. , Spindloe C. , Streeter M.J.V. , Tolley M. , Wahlström C.-G. , Xu M.H. , Zepf M. , McKenna P. , Neely D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe scaling of the flux and maximum energy of laser-driven sheath-accelerated protons has been investigated as a function of laser pulse energy in the range of 15–380 mJ at intensities of 1016–1018 W/cm2. The pulse duration and target thickness were fixed at 40 fs and 25 nm, respectively, while the laser focal spot size and drive energy were varied. Our results indicate that while the maximum proton energy is dependent on the laser energy and laser spot diameter, the proton flux is primarily related to the laser pulse energy under the conditions studied here. Our measurements show that increasing the laser energy by an order of magnitude results in a more than 500-fold increase in the observed proton flux. Whereas, an order of magnitude increase in the laser intensity generated by decreasing the laser focal spot size, at constant laser energy, gives rise to less than a tenfold increase in observed proton flux.
microRNA regulation in megakaryocytopoiesis
Authors: Li Huiyuan , Zhao Haifeng , Wang Donghai , Yang Renchi 
Published: September 2011

SummaryMegakaryocytopoiesis is governed by a complex network of haematopoietic growth factors that regulate the different stages of the process, in which haematopoietic stem cells undergo megakaryocytic lineage commitment, proliferation, maturation, and functional activation to produce platelets. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of about 22‐nucleotide noncoding RNAs that have been highly conserved during evolution and play a significant role in haematopoiesis, including differentiation and lineage commitment of megakaryocyte. This review summarizes the miRNAs which have changed expression during megakaryocytopoiesis, and their positive and negative functions on megakaryocytic differentiation. In addition, the abnormal miRNA expression profiles in megakaryocytic disorders are reviewed.
The tropical history and future of the Mediterranean biota and the West African enigma
Authors: Vermeij Geerat J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim  Since the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, many tropical taxa from the Indo‐West Pacific (IWP) realm have entered the Mediterranean Sea, which is experiencing rising temperatures. My aims are: (1) to compare biogeographically this tropical transformation of the Mediterranean biota with the tropical faunas of the Mediterranean and adjacent southern European and West African seas during the Late Oligocene to Pliocene interval; (2) to infer the relative contributions of the tropical eastern Atlantic and IWP to the tropical component of the marine biota in southern Europe; and (3) to understand why West Africa is not now a major source of warm‐water species.Location  Southern Europe, including the Mediterranean Sea, and the coast of tropical West Africa.Methods  I surveyed the literature on fossil and living shell‐bearing molluscs to infer the sources and fates of tropical subgenus‐level taxa living in southern Europe and West Africa during the Late Oligocene to Pliocene interval.Results  Ninety‐four taxa disappeared from the tropical eastern Atlantic (including the Mediterranean) but persisted elsewhere in the tropics, mainly in the IWP (81 taxa, 86%) and to a lesser extent in tropical America (36 taxa, 38%). Nine taxa inferred to have arrived in the tropical eastern Atlantic from the west after the Pliocene did not enter the Mediterranean. The modern West African fauna is today isolated from that of other parts of the marine tropics.Main conclusions  Taxa now entering the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal are re‐establishing a link with the IWP that last existed 16 million years ago. This IWP element, which evolved under oligotrophic conditions and under a regime of intense anti‐predatory selection, will continue to expand in the increasingly warm and increasingly oligotrophic Mediterranean. The IWP source fauna contrasts with the tropical West African biota, which evolved under productive conditions and in a regime of less anti‐predatory specialization. Until now, the post‐Pliocene West African source area has been isolated from the Mediterranean by cold upwelling. If further warming should reduce this barrier, as occurred during the productive and warm Early Pliocene, the Mediterranean could become a meeting place for two tropical faunas of contrasting source conditions.
High‐resolution impedance manometry findings in patients with nutcracker esophagus
Authors: Hoshino Masato , Sundaram Abhishek , Juhasz Arpad , Yano Fumiaki , Tsuboi Kazuto , Lee Tommy H , Mittal Sumeet K 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between high‐resolution manometry (HRM) and impedance findings and symptoms in patients with nutcracker esophagus (NE).Methods:  After institutional review board approval retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database identified patients who were diagnosed with NE as per the Chicago classification (distal contractile integral [DCI] > 5000 mmHg‐s‐cm) at Creighton University between October 2008 and October 2010. Patients with achalasia or a history of previous foregut surgery were excluded. NE patients were sub‐divided into: (i) Segmental (mean distal esophageal amplitude [DEA] at 3 and 8 cm above lower esophageal sphincter [LES] < 180 mmHg) (ii) Diffuse (mean DEA at 3 and 8 cm above LES > 180 mmHg) and (iii) Spastic (DCI > 8000 mmHg‐s‐cm).Results:  Forty‐one patients (segmental: 13, diffuse: 4, spastic: 24) satisfied study criteria. Patients with segmental NE would have been missed by conventional manometry criteria as their DEA < 180 mmHg. A higher percentage of patients with spastic NE (63%) had chest pain when compared to patients with segmental NE (23%) and diffuse NE (25%). There was a significant positive correlation between chest pain severity score and DCI while there was no significant correlation between dysphagia severity and DCI.Conclusions:  In patients diagnosed with NE using the Chicago classification presence and intensity of chest pain increases with increasing DCI. The present criteria (> 5000 mmHg‐s‐cm) seems to be too sensitive and has poor symptom correlation. Adjusting the criteria to 8000 mmHg‐s‐cm is more relevant clinically.
A novel brood‐site pollination mutualism?: the root holoparasite Thonningia sanguinea (Balanophoraceae) and an inflorescence‐feeding fly in the tropical rainforests of West Africa
Authors: GOTO RYUTARO , YAMAKOSHI GEN , MATSUZAWA TETSURO 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe Balanophoraceae is a unique angiosperm family that fully parasitizes the roots of trees. Although the pollination systems of several genera in this family have been reported, little is known of their diversity. In the present study, we investigated the pollination biology of Thonningia sanguinea (Balanophoraceae) in the tropical rainforests of Guinea, West Africa. Female flies of the families Muscidae and Calliphoridae as well as Technomyrmex ants frequently visited flowers to consume nectar secreted from inflorescences. While feeding, their bodies attached to anthers or pollen grains. The most abundant flower‐visiting fly, Morellia sp. (Muscidae), was observed laying eggs on T. sanguinea, and the larvae fed only on the vegetative tissue of decaying male inflorescences. Our findings provide a new candidate of pollination mutualism involving plants that provide brood sites for their pollinators.
On the suitability of short reads of 16S rRNA for phylogeny‐based analyses in environmental surveys
Authors: Jeraldo Patricio , Chia Nicholas , Goldenfeld Nigel 
Published: September 2011

SummaryPyrosequencing platforms have been widely used in 16S rRNA deep sequencing of organisms sampled from environmental surveys. Despite the massive number of reads generated by these platforms, the reads only cover short regions of the gene, and the use of these short reads has recently been called into question for phylogeny‐based and diversity analyses. We explore the limits of the use of short reads by quantifying the loss of information, and its effect on phylogeny. Using available nearly‐full‐length reads from published clone libraries and databases, and simulated short reads created from these reads, we show that for selected regions of the gene, short reads contain a surprisingly high amount of biological information, making them suitable to resolve an approximate phylogeny. In particular, we find that the V6 region is significantly poorer than the V1–V3 region in its representation of phylogenetic relationships. We conclude that the use of short reads, combined with a careful choice of the gene region used, and a thorough alignment procedure, can yield phylogenetic information comparable with that obtained from nearly‐full‐length 16S rRNA reads.
Psychological status of Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes: data review of Diabcare‐China studies
Authors: Pan C. , Yang W. , Jia W. , Weng J. , Liu G. , Luo B. , Li X. , Fu Z. , Tian H. 
Published: September 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 515–521 (2012)AbstractAim  To describe the status of glycaemic control, self‐reported adherence to treatments, psychological well‐being and quality of life in Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes in 2006.Methods  Subjects having registered for care for > 12 months at a diabetes clinic were enrolled in this study. Glycaemic control was determined by HbA1c and plasma glucose levels; information about self‐reported adherence to treatments was obtained by questionnaire; psychological well‐being was assessed by use of a modified World Health Organization‐5 Well‐being Index; and quality of life was measured by use of a modified Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN) survey. All data were tabulated and statistical analyses were performed.Results  A total of 2702 patients were enrolled during 2006. Only 23% of patients achieved an HbA1c level of < 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) as per the 2007 China guideline for Type 2 diabetes and only 16.2% followed all treatment recommendations from healthcare providers. Of the patients, 46.0–68.6% of the patients showed positive psychological well‐being. A quality‐of‐life survey showed that 28.5–50.6% of the patients experienced various diabetes‐related emotional problems. Large percentages (approximately 50%) of patients were experiencing psychological insulin resistance.Conclusions  Although in China therapies for Type 2 diabetes are more effective and available than ever before, the patient outcomes remain disappointing. Problems with glycaemic control, self‐reported adherence to treatments, psychological well‐being and quality of life, all of which are key to diabetes control, are common among Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Potent anti‐inflammatory effect of a novel furan‐2,5‐dione derivative, BPD, mediated by dual suppression of COX‐2 activity and LPS‐induced inflammatory gene expression via NF‐κB inactivation
Authors: Shin Ji‐Sun , Park Seung‐Jae , Ryu Suran , Kang Han Byul , Kim Tae Woo , Choi Jung‐Hye , Lee Jae‐Yeol , Cho Young‐Wuk , Lee Kyung‐Tae 
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We previously reported that 3‐(benzo[d]‐1,3‐dioxol‐5‐yl)‐4‐phenylfuran‐2,5‐dione (BPD) showed strong inhibitory effects on PGE2 production. However, the exact mechanism for the anti‐inflammatory effect of BPD is not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism involved in the effects of BPD on inflammatory mediators in LPS‐stimulated macrophages and animal models of inflammation.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The expressions of COX‐2, inducible NOS (iNOS), TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β, in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages, were determined by Western blot and/or qRT‐PCR, respectively. NF‐κB activation was investigated by EMSA, reporter gene assay and Western blotting. Anti‐inflammatory effects of BPD were evaluated in vivo in carrageenan‐induced paw oedema in rats and LPS‐induced septic shock in mice.KEY RESULTS BPD not only inhibited COX‐2 activity but also reduced the expression of COX‐2. In addition, BPD inhibited the expression of iNOS, TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β at the transcriptional level. BPD attenuated LPS‐induced DNA‐binding activity and the transcription activity of NF‐κB; this was associated with a decrease in the phosphorylation level of inhibitory κB‐α (IκB‐α) and reduced nuclear translocation of NF‐κB. Furthermore, BPD suppressed the formation of TGF‐β‐activated kinase‐1 (TAK1)/TAK‐binding protein1 (TAB1), which was accompanied by a parallel reduction of phosphorylation of TAK1 and IκB kinase (IKK). Pretreatment with BPD inhibited carrageenan‐induced paw oedema and LPS‐induced septic death.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, our data indicate that BPD is involved in the dual inhibition of COX‐2 activity and TAK1‐NF‐κB pathway, providing a molecular basis for the anti‐inflammatory properties of BPD.