bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of <i>Salmonella</i> in drinking water samples of urban water supply system of Kathmandu
Authors: Shrestha Esha , Bhatta Dwij R , Lekhak Binod 
Published: July 2010

Water-borne diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries and around 2.2 million people die every year due to basic hygiene-related diseases, like gastroenteritis, diarrhea, typhoid and dysentery. Eighty-six water samples were randomly collected from urban water supply system of Kathmandu, and analyzed for physiochemical and microbiological parameters to assess drinking water quality. Residual chlorine was undetectable in 100% samples. Salmonella was detected in 4 samples by enrichment culture technique in Selenite F broth followed by plating on Salmonella-Shigella Agar. A total of 10 isolates were identified as Salmonella (S. Paratyphi, 10% and non-typhi, 90%) by conventional biochemical test. The majority of the isolates were susceptible to most of the antimicrobials tested; however, resistance was observed to amoxicillin (70%), cephalexin (20%) and ceftizoxime (14.28%). There was no significant relationship between coliform and Salmonella positivity (P = 0.366). The microbiological quality of urban water supply system is poor and indicates chances of outbreak of Salmonella infection. Key-words: drinking water quality; Nepal; water-borne disease; water pollution.DOI:	10.3126/botor.v6i0.2911 Botanica Orientalis - Journal of Plant Science (2009) 6: 52-55
Conservation status of Ramsar sites of Nepal Tarai: an overview
Authors: Siwakoti Mohan , Karki Jhamak B 
Published: July 2010

Nepal houses only inland freshwater wetlands, ranging from floodplains of snow-melt-fed cold Himalayan rivers, warm rivers originating in the mid hills, high altitudinal glacial lakes to hot springs, ponds, ox-bow lakes, marshes and swamps. These wetlands support several endemic and globally threatened species of flora and fauna. Besides, wetland sites have significant recreational, religio-cultural and spiritual values. There are over 240 wetland sites in Nepal, of which 163 are in the Terai (plain lowland). Wetlands found in Tarai are comparatively more inventoried than the wetlands of mountains and the Himalayan regions of the country. The Terai region (below 300 m) covers about 14% of the country's total area, where half of Nepal's total populations exist. About 11% population of the country is wetland dependent; majority of them are living in the Terai region. The country has nine Ramsar sites, of which, four are in the Tarai region. Among them, two sites (Koshi Tappu wetland, and Beeshazar and associated lakes) lie inside the protected areas and two sites (Ghodaghodi Lake area and Jagadishpur Reservoir) are distributed outside the protected areas. The Koshi Tappu wetland lies along the floodplains of the Sapta Koshi River in the eastern Tarai within the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve. It is the first Ramsar site in Nepal. Beeshazar and associated lakes lies in the buffer zone of the Chitwan National Park along the inner Tarai of Central Nepal. The Ghodaghodi Lake Area (2500 ha) lies in the far western Nepal, and comprises about 14 large and small ox-bow lakes/ponds with associated marshes, swamps, river/streams, springs, seasonal marshy grasslands and human made wetlands, out of them, Ghodaghodi Lake (138 ha) is the largest natural lake in the Nepal's Tarai. The lake system falls between the Bardia National Park and the Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve of the country and the surrounding forest functions as an important corridor for the movement of wildlife between these as well as the Tarai and the northern Siwalik hills. Similarly, the Jagadishpur Reservoir (225 ha) which lies in Central Nepal's Tarai is the largest man-made wetland in Nepal for irrigation purpose. It is an important site for migratory and resident birds. In this paper we highlight the status, threats, conservation issues and management practices of these Ramsar sites lying in Nepal Tarai. Key-words: Ghodaghodi Lake; Jagdishpur Reservoir; Nepal Tarai; outside protected area; wetlands.DOI:	10.3126/botor.v6i0.2914 Botanica Orientalis - Journal of Plant Science (2009) 6: 76-84
Bilateral Lunate Intraosseous Ganglia
Authors: Kural Cemal , Sungur Ibrahim , Cetinus Ercan 
Published: July 2010

An intraosseous ganglion is a relatively uncommon, benign cystic lesion that occurs in young and middle-aged adults. Bilateral and symmetrical lesions of the wrist are rare. Intraosseous ganglia of the carpal bones are uncommon causes of chronic wrist pain. Isolated cases of intraosseous ganglion have been reported most commonly in the lunate and scaphoid. The lunate was most frequently affected, followed by the capitate, scaphoid, and triquetrum bones.
Radiolucent lesions in the carpal bones are not uncommon and are often seen incidentally in asymptomatic patients. The differential diagnosis of a lytic lesion in a carpal bone includes unicameral bone cyst, degenerative cyst, fibrous developmental defect, osteomyelitis, and intraosseous ganglion cyst.
This article describes a case of bilateral lunate intraosseous ganglia. A review of the literature revealed that bilateral and symmetrical intraosseous ganglia of the wrist are rare, with only 3 other reported cases of bilateral lunate lesions.
Migrated XLIF Cage: Case Report and Discussion of Surgical Technique
Authors: Daffner Scott D. , Wang Jeffrey C. 
Published: July 2010

Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF; NuVasive, Inc, San Diego, California) is a minimally invasive technique developed to avoid complications associated with traditional or minimally invasive anterior or posterior approaches to lumbar interbody fusion. It uses a direct lateral, retroperitoneal, transpsoas approach for placement of an interbody cage. To date, no reports of cage-related complications or procedures for revising an XLIF have been published.
This article describes a case of a complication unique to this procedure and the surgical technique used to treat it. A 49-year-old woman underwent XLIF at L3–4 with supplemental posterior pedicle fixation for treatment of a pseudarthrosis of a previous fusion performed for junctional degeneration below an old scoliosis construct. One month postoperatively, she reported increasing leg pain, and imaging studies demonstrated the cage to have extruded laterally. The cage was revised using a mini-open lateral approach. The presence of neurologic symptoms (leg pain) necessitated the cage to first be reimpacted before it could be safely extracted. A new cage was placed with the addition of a lateral plate. The patient’s leg pain resolved shortly after the revision, and at 1-year follow-up, she appeared to have a solid fusion with no further complications.
If required, XLIF may be safely and effectively revised through a minimally invasive or mini-open lateral approach. Use of a lateral plate as a buttress should be considered in cases associated with significant coronal deformity or lateral listhesis, even when planning use of supplemental posterior instrumentation.
Rapid Recovery from Spontaneous and Simultaneous Bilateral Quadriceps Tendon Rupture in an Active, Healthy Individual
Authors: Gaheer Rajinder Singh , Hawkins Amanda 
Published: July 2010

Bilateral spontaneous quadriceps rupture is an uncommon injury that is usually seen in association with multiple medical conditions and is frequently misdiagnosed. It is rarely seen in healthy, active individuals. This article presents a case of bilateral simultaneous and spontaneous rupture of the quadriceps tendon in a healthy, athletic, active and highly motivated patient with rapid recovery from injury and return to full sport activity within a relatively short period of time.
A 65-year-old healthy man felt both knees give way while walking down stairs at home and collapsed, unable to bear weight. He was fit and well, not on any medications and basic laboratory screening was within normal limits. He was an active sportsman, horse rider, swimmer, and long-distance cyclist, and had completed a half marathon 1 month before his injury. He was diagnosed with bilateral quadriceps tendon ruptures. An ultrasound of both knees confirmed the diagnosis of full-thickness rupture.
Surgical repair of both quadriceps tendons was performed 3 days after the injury. Bilateral locking brace in 10° of flexion was used to immobilize both knees and protect the repair for 6 weeks. The patient remained nonweight bearing for 2 weeks, then gradual weight bearing was commenced, with full weight bearing at 6 weeks. Intensive isometric quadriceps exercises were started on the second postoperative day. Immobilization of both knees was maintained for 6 weeks, after which full active range of motion (ROM) was initiated. At 16 weeks after the injury he had bilateral ROM from 0° to 120° flexion, with no extension lag. He was horse riding, playing golf, swimming, and walking distances up to 2 miles at that time.
Intraocular Pressure and Visual Field Damage as Risk Factors for Visual Field Progression in Filtering Surgery
Authors: Cohen John S. , Novack Gary D. , Zink Jeffrey M. 
Published: July 2010

Background and Objective:
To evaluate the relationship between preoperative visual field severity and postoperative intraocular pressure as risk factors for visual field progression.

Patients and Methods:
Patients undergoing trabeculectomy (TRAB, n = 92 eyes of 73 patients) or combined trabeculectomy and cataract extraction by phacoemulsification (COMBO, n = 49 eyes of 41 patients) by one surgeon with at least 6 months of follow-up were reviewed.

Results:
Both the COMBO and TRAB treatment groups experienced a substantial decrease in mean intraocular pressure (4.7 ± 6.0 and 10.1 ± 6.5 mm Hg) and mean number of ocular hypotensive medications (1.8 ± 1.2 and 2.2 ± 1.5), respectively. In the subset of 47 eyes with reliable visual fields, the COMBO group experienced a mean improvement in mean deviation of 2.75 dB, and the TRAB group experienced only minimal changes in visual fields.

Conclusion:
In general, visual fields did not worsen following trabeculectomy or combined surgery.
Canalicular Lacerations: Repair with the Mini-Monoka
®
Monocanalicular Intubation Stent
Authors: Leibovitch Igal , Kakizaki Hirohiko , Prabhakaran Venkatesh , Selva Dinesh 
Published: July 2010

Background and Objective:
There are different techniques for reconstructing traumatic canalicular lacerations. The aim of this study is to report the surgical outcome with the Mini-Monoka monocanalicular stent (FCI Ophthalmics, Issy-Les Moulineaux, France).

Patients and Methods:
Patients with traumatic canalicular lacerations who underwent surgical reconstruction using the Mini-Monoka monocanalicular stent were included. The surgical outcome was based on subjective (epiphora) and objective (tear meniscus level, dye disappearance test, and lacrimal irrigation) findings after stent removal.

Results:
Nineteen patients (15 males, 4 females; mean age: 34 years) were included. The upper canaliculus was injured in 5 cases and the lower in 14 cases. Successful stenting was accomplished in all cases. Postoperative eyelid position was satisfactory in most patients. The mean period of stenting was 5 months and the mean postoperative follow-up period was 13 months. There were no cases of premature stent extrusion. Functional drainage after stent removal was normal in 94.7% of patients. Syringing showed full patency with no narrowing or reflux.

Conclusion:
The Mini-Monoka monocanalicular stent is an effective tool in reconstructing traumatic canalicular lacerations. It is easy to use, carries a minimal risk of injury to the non-lacerated canaliculus, and results in high anatomical and functional success rates.
Impact of Laser Trabeculoplasty on Trabectome
®
Outcomes
Authors: Vold Steven D. , Dustin Laurie 
Published: July 2010

Background and Objective:
To report the impact of prior laser trabeculoplasty on clinical outcomes of Trabectome (NeoMedix Corporation, Tustin, CA) surgery.

Patients and Methods:
This is a retrospective, non-comparative study of consecutive cases of Trabectome surgery with 36 months of follow-up. Main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, and the occurrence of secondary procedures.

Results:
In the trabeculoplasty group, mean IOP measured 16.5 ± 4.0 mm Hg with an average decrease of 24% from preoperative IOP at 12 months. In eyes without previous trabeculoplasty, IOP measured 15.7 ± 3.0 mm Hg with an average decrease of 30% at 12 months. Adjunctive medications decreased to 2.1 and 1.5 glaucoma medications, respectively. Secondary procedures were performed in 12% and 10% of eyes in each group.

Conclusion:
Previous laser trabeculoplasty does not appear to significantly impact IOP, but may increase the need for glaucoma medication in patients undergoing Trabectome surgery.
Texturation of Ni–Co–Mn–In Ribbons by Melt Spinning
Authors: Li Zonbin , Wang Jijie , Zhang Yudong , He Kezhun , Zhao Xiang , Zuo Liang , Hofer Gerhard , Esling Claude 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNi45Co5Mn36.6In13.4 ribbons were prepared by the melt spinning technique. They are in the austenitic state at the room temperature with a Cubic L21 structure and are composed of columnar grains growing perpendicular to the ribbon plane. A nearly single {001}〈100〉 cube component is formed at low wheel‐rotating speed due to the preferential growth of nuclei in the ribbon plane normal and length directions. Appropriate control of the melt spinning condition offers a promising solution to the texturation of polycrystalline ferromagnetic shape memory alloys.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cascade for Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a:2′,1′‐c]‐/Pyrido[2,1‐c]pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalinones
Authors: Zhou Yu , Ji Xun , Liu Guannan , Zhang Dengyou , Zhao Linxiang , Jiang Hualiang , Liu Hong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn efficient and convenient method was developed for the one‐pot construction of the complex polycyclic heterocycles pyrrolo[1,2‐a:2′,1′‐c]‐/pyrido[2,1‐c]pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalinones from two simple starting materials via a gold(I)‐catalyzed domino reaction. This strategy presents an atom economical and environmentally friendly transformation, in which two new CN bonds and one new CC bond are formed in a one‐pot reaction process.
Modeling solid–liquid equilibrium of NH4Cl‐MgCl2‐H2O system and its application to recovery of NH4Cl in MgO production
Authors: Wang Daoguang , Li Zhibao 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new method to recover NH4Cl from NH4Cl‐rich aqueous solutions generated in the magnesia (MgO) production is developed on the basis of modeling the solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) for the NH4Cl‐MgCl2‐H2O system with the Pitzer model embedded in Aspen Plus™ platform. The SLE values for the ternary system were determined from 278.15 to 348.15 K. The new standard‐state chemical potentials of NH4Cl and MgCl2·6H2O were judicially obtained. The resulting equilibrium constants were used to determine new interaction parameters for the NH4Cl‐H2O and MgCl2‐H2O systems. These new parameters, together with the mixing parameters determined from correlating the experimental values, were used to correlate the equilibrium constant for NH4MgCl3·6H2O, which plays a key role in NH4Cl recovery. The results could extend SLE calculation for the NH4Cl‐MgCl2‐H2O system from 278.15 to 388.15 K, satisfying the process identification and simulation requirement involved in the recovery process. The phase‐equilibrium diagram generated by modeling was illustrated to identify the process alternatives for recovering NH4Cl. The resulting course to recover NH4Cl by three fractional crystallization operations was finally proved feasible. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011.
Surveillance of fatal occupational injuries in France: 2002–2004
Authors: Brière Julien , Chevalier Anne , Imbernon Ellen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundInsufficient use is made of available information about workplace and commuting accidents covered by social insurance workers compensation funds in France. We sought to determine whether these data could be used to calculate national indicators for surveillance of fatal occupational injuries for 2002–2004.MethodsWe calculated the number of deaths, mortality rate, and years of potential life lost from workplace and commuting accidents (by sex, age, economic activity, and cause of accident) for employees by collecting data from eight social insurance funds in France. The number of deaths, the mortality rates, and the attributable fraction of accidental deaths due to work were estimated for both employees and self‐employed workers.ResultsThe mean annual number of employee deaths from workplace and commuting accidents reached 1,330 in 2002–2004. The mortality rate from workplace accidents (6.0 per 100,000) increased with age among men and was especially high in three sectors: agriculture–forestry–fishing, transportation, and construction.Overall, for employees and the self‐employed combined, the mean annual number of deaths from workplace and commuting accidents was estimated at 1,557 (95% CI: 1,478–1,640). The attributable fraction of accidental deaths due to work for those aged 15–59 years was estimated at almost 20% among men.ConclusionsDespite data limitations, it was possible to calculate previously unknown national indicators of fatal workplace and commuting accidents and to compare them with other work‐related health problems. These results are consistent with those observed in comparable industrialized countries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:1109–1118, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exposure to anesthetic gases and congenital anomalies in offspring of female registered nurses
Authors: Teschke Kay , Abanto Zenaida , Arbour Laura , Beking Kris , Chow Yat , Gallagher Richard P. , Jong Ben , Le Nhu D. , Ratner Pamela A. , Spinelli John J. , Dimich‐Ward Helen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundStudies of offspring of mothers exposed to anesthetic gases have shown associations with congenital anomalies reported by the mothers, but rarely in studies with objectively ascertained outcomes. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to examine associations between registry‐ascertained congenital anomalies in offspring and anesthetic gas exposure of mothers employed as nurses.MethodsA cohort of registered nurses in British Columbia, Canada, was linked to records of births and congenital anomalies from 1990 to 2000. Exposures were assessed via a survey of anesthetic gas use in all hospitals in the province and records of nurses' jobs, departments, and hospitals.ResultsDepartments most frequently reporting anesthetic gas use were operating rooms, post‐anesthetic recovery rooms, and maternity units. In the cohort of 15,317 live‐borne children of 9,433 mothers, 1,079 had congenital anomalies. Anomalies were associated with ever and probable maternal exposure to halogenated gases (ORs: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.04–2.13; and 2.61, 95% CI: 1.31–5.18, respectively) and to nitrous oxide (ORs: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.05–1.94; and 1.82, 95% CI: 1.11–2.99). Anomalies most frequently associated with exposure were those of the heart (OR, halogenated gases: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.07–4.97) and integument (OR, halogenated gases: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.53–8.32; OR, nitrous oxide: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.37–6.64). Gases most frequently associated with anomalies were halothane (predominantly used early in the study period), isoflurane, and sevoflurane (predominantly used later in the period).ConclusionsIn this study, where both exposures and outcomes were assessed objectively, certain congenital anomalies were associated with estimated anesthetic gas exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:118–127, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial syndrome resembling Aarskog syndrome
Authors: Xu Mingzhi , Qi Ming , Zhou Huali , Yong Jing , Qiu Huiqing , Cong Peikuan , Hong Xutao , Li Chengjiang , Jiang Yan , Chen Xiao , Yu Yunsong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAarskog(–Scott) syndrome (AAS) is characterized by short stature, and facial, limb, and genital anomalies. AAS can be an X‐linked condition caused by mutations in the FGD1 gene, but there is evidence that an autosomal dominant or recessive form also exists. We report on a Chinese family in whom several members have manifestations of AAS, but differ in limb anomalies and show additional characteristics. FGD1 sequencing and linkage analysis excluded FGD1 as the cause in this family. A common known submicroscopic chromosome imbalance is less likely. Both autosomal dominant and recessive patterns of inheritance remain possible. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A General Evaluation Model for An Information Storage and Retrieval System
Authors: Keith Nathan R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe problem of choosing the best information storage and retrieval system involves a consideration of the operational characteristics of information storage and retrieval systems relative to information requirements. Using these considerations, evaluations can be based upon decision theoretical considerations. The lack of such a decision theoretical basis for the study of the operation of these systems makes it difficult to evolve a well‐defined approach even to the gathering of evidence upon which to base a choice of a particular system.The development of the parameters for a system evaluation model used in the selection of an information storage and retrieval system is considered here. The parameters used by the general evaluation model are the major operational characteristics of a system, and their costs are, related to the user's information storage and retrieval requirements. Each major function of an information storage and retrieval system that is considered in the general evaluation model is discussed. The evaluation of the operational characteristics of an information storage and retrieval system can come only after all aspects of a system have been considered and there is evidence on which to base a judgment. If any functional area is left out of the evaluation model, then the evaluation of a system cannot be completed.
Opinion Paper. Information in an Informationless World or The Making of an Information Scientist
Authors: Tague Jean , Carroll John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe dynamic and heterogeneous nature of information requirements in today's world calls for a new approach to information science education. A curriculum involving a truly generalist approach at the under‐graduate level and a work‐study program at the graduate level would provide the range of experience needed by the next generation of information scientists.
Cost‐Benefit Model of Library Acquisitions in Terms of Use: Progress Report
Authors: Montgomery K. Leon , Bulick Stephen , Fetterman John , Kent Allen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA project has been undertaken to study the use of library materials: to evaluate acquisition decisions in terms of subsequent use and to derive a cost‐benefit model for use in purchasing and resource sharing and in the weeding and retirement of little‐used materials.This first progress report considers only circulating books and monographs. Data derived from circulation records are analyzed in terms of the number of uses per individual item.A surprising result is the nearly straight‐line plot (semi‐log scale) that exhibits consistent halving of the number of items circulated with each successive increase in number of uses. These results are consistent over each of five years studied. The phenomenon is not yet explained.In addition, it is observed that only half of the collection is circulated one or more times over a five‐year period.
Lotka's Law and Computer Science Literature
Authors: Radhakrishnan T. , Kernizan R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn experiment to verify the satisfaction of Lotka's law, with the papers published in the area of computer science, is reported. It is seen that the estimates of this law deviate considerably from the observations. Need for further experiments to verify Lotka's law in the area of applied sciences and engineering is emphasized.