bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral health in 12‐ to 17‐year‐old athletes participating in the German Special Olympics
Authors: BISSAR ABDUL‐RAZAK , KASCHKE IMKE , SCHULTE ANDREAS GERHARD 
Published: July 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 451–457 Background.  There is a lack of actual data regarding oral health in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities.Aim.  To evaluate the oral health in adolescents with intellectual disabilities participating in the German Special Olympics games 2008.Methods.  A free voluntary dental examination was offered to the participating athletes. Dental examinations were performed according to WHO criteria by dental clinicians. In addition, information about the athletes’ oral hygiene habits was collected.Results.  The number of adolescent athletes aged between 12 and 17 years who had their teeth examined was 160. On average they were 15.3 years old. Caries prevalence was 58.1% and the mean DMFT was 2.3. The mean number of fissure sealed teeth was 2.5. About half of the participants showed signs of gum inflammation. The proportion of the adolescents living at home with their parents was 88%. More than 90% of them brushed their teeth by themselves without assistance.Conclusions.  Adolescents with intellectual disabilities seem to have benefited from various caries preventive measures which had been introduced during the last two decades in Germany but still have a poorer oral health than the general population. More specific prevention programmes seeking close cooperation with parents, custodians, and caretakers should be developed.
Prevalence of dental fluorosis in children taking part in an oral health programme including fluoride tablet supplements from the age of 2 years
Authors: ECKERSTEN CHARLOTTE , PYLVÄNEN LENA , SCHRÖDER ULLA , TWETMAN SVANTE , WENNHALL INGER , MATSSON LARS 
Published: July 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 347–352 Aim.  To investigate the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children who had participated in an oral health programme between the ages 2–5 years, including fluoride tablets from the age of 2 years.Design.  The study group consisted of 135 10‐ to 11‐year‐old children who had participated in the programme, including parent education, tooth‐brushing instruction and prescribed fluoride tablets (0.25 mg NaF) (2–3 years: 1 tablet/day; 3–5 years: 2 tablets/day). The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the study group was compared with that in a nonintervention reference group consisting of 129 children of the same ages. The analysis was based on photos of the permanent maxillary front teeth using the Thylstrup & Fejerskov (TF) Index.Results.  No statistically significant difference in prevalence of dental fluorosis was seen between the two groups. Forty‐three percent of the children in the study group and 38% in the reference group had fluorosis, the majority of a mild nature (TF‐score 1). None had a TF score above 2. The pattern was the same after correction for parent reported intake of tablets at 3 and 5 years of age.Conclusion.  Introduction of fluoride tablets at the age of 2 years did not result in increased prevalence of dental fluorosis.
Dental fear and anxiety and oral health behaviour in 12‐ to 14‐year‐olds born preterm
Authors: BROGÅRDH‐ROTH SUSANNE , STJERNQVIST KARIN , MATSSON LARS , KLINGBERG GUNILLA 
Published: July 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 391–399 Background.  An enhanced frequency of cognitive and behavioural disturbances has been reported in preterm children. It is not known if this affects their perceptions of or behaviour in the dental care situation.Hypothesis.  The hypotheses were that preterm (PT) children aged 12–14 years more often exhibit dental fear and anxiety (DFA) than full‐term controls (C), while no differences were expected regarding oral health behaviour.Methods.  One hundred and nine PT and 108 C children took part in the present questionnaire study. DFA was assessed using the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule – Dental Subscale (CFSS‐DS). In addition the questionnaire covered items including satisfaction with received dental care, oral health behaviour and medical health.Results.  The children’s CFSS‐DS scores revealed no differences between the PT and C groups. Regarding oral health behaviour there were no differences, except that PT children more often used dental floss and extra fluoride supplements. PT children reported more medical health problems than C children.Conclusions.  Preterm (PT) children 12‐ to 14‐years‐old, as well as C of same age group, seem to be satisfied with their dental care and display low prevalence of DFA. Still, a higher frequency of medical health problems in the PT children suggests that these children should be regarded as potential risk patients for oral health problems.
Barriers to forest regeneration of deforested and abandoned land in Panama
Authors: HOOPER ELAINE , LEGENDRE PIERRE , CONDIT RICHARD 
Published: July 2010

Summary
In Panama, abandoned agricultural lands that supported tropical rain forest are invaded by the exotic invasive grass Saccharum spontaneum, which precludes native forest regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of several barriers to forest regeneration and highlight mitigation opportunities.
We examined four barriers to natural regeneration: Saccharum competition, seed dispersal limitation, fire and soil nutrient deficiency. Tree and shrub regeneration was measured in a factorial experiment combining Saccharum cutting treatments, distances from adjacent forest and a prescribed burn to assess the first three barriers, respectively. We compared soil nutrients in Saccharum plots with those from adjacent forest. Additionally, we determined the importance of distance to remnant vegetation (large‐leaved monocots, shrubs and isolated trees) on forest regeneration.
Fire significantly decreased plant species richness of forest regeneration. Fire inhibited the germination of most species; the effect was exacerbated by cutting the Saccharum.
Grass competition significantly decreased seedling growth, while soil nutrient deficiency did not affect forest regeneration.
Seed dispersal limitation affected density and species richness. Significantly more species (3×) regenerated at 10 m compared with 35 m from the forest. Mean seedling densities were, respectively, four, three and two times higher under large‐leaved monocots, isolated trees and shrubs than in open Saccharum. When seed input was experimentally equalized, large‐seeded species had the highest establishment rate, suggesting that if their propagules were dispersed to the site they would regenerate in high proportions. However, under natural conditions they regenerated poorly and represented the most dispersal‐limited species group.
Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that facilitation of natural regeneration may be a feasible, low‐cost management option for restoring native forest cover to large areas. Firebreaks must be established to promote biodiversity of forest regeneration. We do not recommend Saccharum cutting or fertilization as site treatments. Shading effectively eliminates Saccharum. Planting a variety of tree species in clumps throughout the Saccharum may overcome dispersal limitations and catalyse natural regeneration. Trees that attract different frugivores are recommended, especially large‐seeded forest species.
Disequilibrial island turnover dynamics: a 17‐year record of Bahamian ants
Authors: Morrison Lloyd W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim  To document long‐term rates of immigration, extinction and turnover in insular ant faunas and evaluate the relative impacts of recent hurricane activity and climate change.Location  Small islands in the Exuma Cays, Andros and Abaco archipelagos of the Bahamas.Methods  I surveyed the ant faunas of > 140 small islands in three archipelagos of the Bahamas over several multi‐year periods, spanning up to 17 years, by recording species attracted to baits. Immigrations, extinctions and species turnover were documented, as were the relative abundances of species. Four major hurricanes affected the study archipelagos in the second decade of this study.Results  Rates of ant turnover were generally low among archipelagos and time periods. Immigrations outnumbered extinctions in the first decade of this study, although this pattern was reversed in the second decade. General physical characteristics of the islands were not significant predictors of the occurrence of extinctions. The relative abundance (based on proportion of baits occupied) of persistent populations of the two most common species both declined in the second decade, indicating, along with higher extinction rates, a generalized decline in these insular ant faunas.Main conclusions  The available evidence suggests that hurricanes were not directly responsible for the observed declines in the ant faunas. Regional changes in insular ant species richness, however, are correlated with generalized North Atlantic hurricane activity over the last half century. Indirect effects of hurricanes on the vegetation of these islands, such as increased herbivory and possible decreased nutrient availability, along with a long‐term (quarter century) increase in temperature and decline in rainfall, are possible contributing factors to the changing ant turnover dynamics.
Genetic population structure of Natterer's bats explained by mating at swarming sites and philopatry
Authors: RIVERS NICOLA M. , BUTLIN ROGER K. , ALTRINGHAM JOHN D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDuring autumn ‘swarming’, large numbers of temperate bats chase each other in and around underground sites. Swarming has been proposed to be a mating event, allowing interbreeding between bats from otherwise isolated summer colonies. We studied the population structure of the Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri), a swarming species in northern England, by sampling bats at seven sites in two swarming areas and at 11 summer colonies. Analysis of molecular variance (amova) and genetic assignment analyses showed that the swarming areas (60 km apart) support significantly different populations. A negative correlation was found between the distance of a summer colony from a swarming area and the assignment of bats to that area. High gene diversity was found at all sites (HE = 0.79) suggesting high gene flow. This was supported by a low FST (0.017) among summer colonies and the absence of isolation by distance or substructure among colonies which visit one swarming area. The FST, although low, was significantly different from zero, which could be explained by a combination of female philopatry and male‐mediated gene flow through mating at swarming sites with bats from other colonies. Modelling suggested that if effective size of the summer colonies (Ne) was low to moderate (10–30), all mating must occur at the swarming sites to account for the observed FST. If the Ne was higher (50), in addition to random mating during swarming, there may be nonrandom mating at swarming sites or some within‐colony mating. Conservation of swarming sites that support potentially large populations is discussed.
Study of telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression in normal, aged, and photo‐aged skin
Authors: Attia Enas A. S. , Seada Laila S. , El‐Sayed Mahira H. , El‐Shiemy Saleh M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground  Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme capable of extending chromosome ends with telomeric DNA sequences. It protects the germline and stem cells from senescence by preventing telomere attrition. Cutaneous aging includes intrinsic aging, and photo‐aging. Telomere‐associated cellular senescence contributes to certain age‐related cutaneous disorders, including increased cancer incidence. Premature skin aging in xeroderma pigmentosa (XP) is expected to show increased telomere attrition. We aimed to study human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression in normal, aged and photo‐aged skin and to investigate its possible role in the pathogenesis of aging and photo‐aging.Methods  hTERT expression using immunohistochemistry was studied in 75 subjects comprising four groups: group I, 10 subjects with aged skin; group II, 20 subjects with photo‐aging; group III, Five patients with XP; and group IV, 40 subjects comprising the control groups.Results  We found positive hTERT in normal skin and in the basal and sometimes in supra‐basal layers. We reported positive hTERT expression in dermal fibroblasts, histiocytes, and skin appendages (other than hair follicles) in some cases from all the studied groups. Photo‐aged and prematurely photo‐aged skin showed greater hTERT expression than young and aged skin.Conclusion  Telomeres rather than telomerase are involved in cellular senescence. Yet, telomerase is intimately related to photo‐aging in which lifetime cumulative sun exposure is an important factor. However, genetic damage in XP is the decisive factor and not merely ultraviolet exposure.
Diphoterine for alkali chemical splashes to the skin at alumina refineries
Authors: Donoghue A. Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground  Diphoterine is a commercially available amphoteric, hypertonic, chelating solution used to decontaminate and irrigate chemical splashes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of Diphoterine at three alumina refineries. This is the largest case series reported to date.Methods  One hundred eighty cases of alkali splashes to the skin were evaluated clinically. Two groups were compared; those who had applied Diphoterine first and those who had applied water first.Results  There were no signs of chemical burn in 52.9% of the group who applied Diphoterine first compared with 21.4% of the group who applied water first. Only 7.9% of the group who applied Diphoterine first had blisters or more severe signs compared with 23.8% of the group who applied water first. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). After implementation of Diphoterine the “first aid” injury rate for chemical burns fell 24.7% (95% CI 0.5–43.0%).Conclusions  Applying Diphoterine first was associated with significantly better outcomes following alkali skin splashes than applying water first.
Evaluation of nail disease in psoriatic arthritis by using a modified nail psoriasis severity score index
Authors: Maejima Hideki , Taniguchi Tomonori , Watarai Akira , Katsuoka Kensei 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground  The Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis Study Group published new criteria for classifying psoriatic arthritis (PsA) which included nail psoriasis. Our aim was to clarify the clinical importance of nail disease in PsA patients.Methods  We investigated the types and severity of nail disease by using the modified nail psoriasis severity score index (mNAPSI) in 23 PsA patients and 23 patients with uncomplicated psoriasis. We analyzed the relationships of mNAPSI with nail fold psoriasis, psoriasis area and severity index score, swollen and/or tender joint counts, distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint disease, acute phase reactants and the score on the Japanese version of the standard health assessment questionnaire.Results  The mNAPSI in 23 PsA patients was higher than that of controls (4.8 ± 5.3 vs. 2.3 ± 3.7, P < 0.05). The severity of fingernail disease in PsA patients was significantly associated with DIP joint disease (8.6 ± 5.9 vs. 3.1 ± 3.3, P < 0.05) and nail fold psoriasis (6.7 ± 5.2 vs. 3.5 ± 5.2, P < 0.05). There were no correlations between the mNAPSI and other systemic involvements.Conclusions  The nail involvement and prolonged nail bed psoriasis were common in PsA patients. Nail fold psoriasis and DIP joint arthritis were associated with nail involvement in PsA patients. Nail psoriasis would be related to the Koebner phenomenon and local inflammatory DIP joint arthritis in PsA patients, and we suggested that nail involvement in PsA was among the disorders indicative of distal phalanx enthesitis.
Two cases of dermatomyofibroma (plaque‐like dermal fibromatosis)
Authors: Gomez‐Moyano Elisabeth , Vera‐Casaño Angel , Martinez‐Garcia Silvestre , Sanz‐Trelles Andrés , Crespo‐Erchiga Vicente 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground  Dermatomyofibroma is a rare but distinct benign cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasm of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic differentiation. It is more common in adolescents and young adults, with a female preponderance. In most cases, the lesions are asymptomatic and small, measuring from 10 to 20 mm. Early and active lesions tend to be actin positive.Case report  We present a) a new case of dermatomyofibroma in an 11‐month‐old male infant, the youngest case reported to date, and b) the second reported case of a giant annular dermatomyofibroma, measuring 10 cm × 6 cm, in a 52‐year‐old woman. In both cases, histological examination showed a spindle‐cell proliferation embedded among the collagen fibers of the dermis, arranged predominantly parallel to the skin surface. In both cases the spindle cells stained positive for smooth muscle actin and the elastic fibers were increased and fragmented.Conclusion  Dermatologists and pediatricians should be aware of this benign entity in order to avoid unnecessary treatment.
Systematic review of topical capsaicin in the treatment of pruritus
Authors: Gooding Sylvia M. D. , Canter Peter H. , Coelho Helen F. , Boddy Kate , Ernst Edzard 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective  To determine the efficacy of topical capsaicin in treating pruritus in any medical condition.Data sources  Cochrane library, Medline, Embase, Cinahl and Amed, up to April 2008. No language restrictions.Study selection  Randomized, controlled trials comparing topically applied capsaicin with placebo or other standard treatment in patients with pruritus, independently selected by two reviewers.Data extraction  Independently extracted by two reviewers. Quality assessed using the Jadad scale.Data synthesis  Six randomized controlled trials were identified for inclusion. Three were for hemodialysis‐related pruritus and provided insufficient data for the efficacy of topical capsaicin to be evaluated. A crossover study of capsaicin for treating idiopathic intractable pruritus ani reported a statistically significant difference in responder rates favoring capsaicin over placebo for itching scores but included insufficient data for the validity of this result to be assessed. A study on notalgia paresthetica reported a statistically significant difference in the first phase of a crossover study favoring capsaicin over placebo in a visual analogue scale for itch intensity but failed to report data for a second outcome measure. The final study on brachioradial pruritus used an inappropriate design and reported no significant reduction in itch between capsaicin and placebo.Conclusion  At present, there is no convincing evidence for the use of capsaicin to treat pruritus in any medical condition. Further research is needed, and should attempt to address methodological issues identified through this review including unblinding and the suitability of crossover designs.
A prospective open‐label clinical trial of adalimumab for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Amano Masahiro , Grant Annika , Kerdel Francisco A. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryObjective  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of adalimumab for the management of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).Methods  In a prospective open‐label phase II study, adalimumab was administered subcutaneously in a dose of 160 mg induction regimen at week 0, followed by 80 mg at week 1, and 40 mg at alternate weeks for 12 weeks in 10 patients. The patients were followed up to 13 weeks and their disease activity was assessed using the HS Severity Index (HSSI) as well as with the numbers of daily dressing changes, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Dermatologic Life Quality Index (DLQI), and Physician’s Global Assessment of disease severity (PGA).Results  Ten patients were enrolled in this study. Of these, six patients completed the 12‐week treatment period. A ≥ 50% decrease of HSSI score was not found in any of the patients at week 2, 4, 8, and 12. None of the 10 patients was classified as a responder at week 12 compared with baseline. Statistically significant difference in HSSI score was found between baseline and week 8 (P < 0.05) only but no significant differences were found between baseline and week 2, 4, and 12. Comparison of baseline with week 12 VAS and DLQI scores failed to show statistically significant improvement. Adalimumab was well tolerated and there were no serious adverse events reported.Conclusions  Our study demonstrated statistically clinical improvement is not observed in the treatment of HS with adalimumab. Future studies using higher doses of adalimumab are warranted.
Post‐kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis – an overview
Authors: Ganguly Sudipto , Das Nilay Kanti , Barbhuiya Joyashree Nath , Chatterjee Mitali 
Published: July 2010

SummaryPost‐kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a dermal sequela of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), reported mainly from two regions – Sudan in eastern Africa and the Indian subcontinent, with incidences of 50–60% and 5–10%, respectively. Importantly, patients with PKDL are considered as reservoirs of VL, linking its eradication to effective control of PKDL. The etiopathogenesis of PKDL is presumably due to an immunological assault on latent dermal parasites. Immunological markers include IL‐10, whose expression in skin and plasma of Sudanese patients with VL predicted onset of PKDL. Cell‐mediated immune responses, notably restoration of IFN‐γ production by antigen‐stimulated lymphocytes are well documented in Sudanese PKDL, but remain ambiguous in the Indian form; recently, antigen‐specific IL‐10‐producing CD8+ lymphocytes have been implicated in pathogenesis. In Indian PKDL, upregulation of intralesional IFN‐γ and TNF‐α is counterbalanced by IL‐10 and TGF‐β together with downregulated IFN‐γ R1. Although IL‐10 curtails excessive IFN‐γ‐mediated reactivity and ensures parasite survival, its cellular source remains to be confirmed, with infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) being a likely candidate. Future functional investigations on Tregs and their interaction with lesional effector lymphocytes would be indispensable for development of immunomodulatory therapies against Leishmania infection.
Genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis: a linkage analysis with age‐of‐onset corrections
Authors: Haile R. W. , Hodge S. E. , Visscher B. R. , Spence M. A. , Detels R. , McAuliffe T. L. , Park M. S. , Dudley J. P. 
Published: July 2010

To test the hypothesis that a multiple sclerosis susceptibility (MSS) gene is linked to the HLA loci, formal linkage analysis was conducted on 40 multiplex families, 20 each from the Seattle and Los Angeles areas. The computer program LIPED was utilized. A dominant model of inheritance was assumed. Penetrance values of 0.05, 0.35, and 0.67 were entered into the analyses, and an age‐of‐onset correction was incorporated. The resulting lod scores were supportive of linkage at the lower penetrance levels. The maximum lod score, 2.411, at an estimated recombination fraction of 0.10 in both males and females, was generated at a penetrance value of 0.05. With a penetrance value of 0.67, the lod scores did not support linkage.Under an autosomal dominant model of inheritance, the results were supportive of linkage when the presumed penetrance of the MSS gene is low. The results also confirmed the importance of incorporating an age‐of‐onset correction into linkage analyses.
Ring chromosome 15 in a male adult with radial defects. Evaluation of the phenotype
Authors: Meinecke Peter , Koske‐Westphal Thea 
Published: July 2010

A case of a 37‐year‐old male patient with r(15) is reported. At birth he was small and light for dates. His main features are: short stature, head circumference in the lower normal range, mid‐facial hypoplasia, radial defects, and mental retardation.Evaluation of the phenotype led us to conclude that a wide spectrum of malformations is possible. There is apparently no strong correlation between karyotype and phenotype.