bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature variability and algal isotopic heterogeneity on a Floridian coral reef
Authors: Stokes Malcolm D. , Leichter James J. , Wing Stephen , Frew Russell 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOn Conch Reef, Florida Keys, USA, we examine relationships between temperature variability measured with a unique, high‐resolution sensor network, and the abundance of benthic reef organisms and carbon, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopic composition of two abundant macroalgal species. Visualization of spatial temperature anomalies mapped onto measured reef bathymetry reveals episodic thermal patchiness and persistent thermal features likely indicating meter scale variability in nutrient supply. These patterns result from the relatively shallow depths of the offshore thermocline and an active internal wave field creating a hydrographic structure conducive to interactions of an offshore, subthermocline nutrient pool with reef topography. The distribution of major benthic reef organism taxa, as well as the stable isotopic composition of C, N and O, from the macroalgae Dictyota menstrualis and Halimeda tuna are all highly variable on scales of less than 10 m and are not necessarily depth‐dependent. Covariability between spatial patterns of the temperature minima, depth and δ13C of D. menstrualis and H. tuna suggest a role of oceanographic forcing in inorganic carbon acquisition in these species. Comparisons of the measured temperature with the predicted temperature based on δ18O from H. tuna aragonite suggest a possible influence of low salinity water in the system and non‐linear interactions between ambient conditions and calcification at fine temporal and spatial scales. These observations have implications for the interpretation of both contemporary and paleontologic reef environments where oceanographic forcing interacts with complex reef topography.
78,XX Testicular DSD Syndrome in a Mongrel Dog
Authors: Max A , Grabiec A , Sacharczuk M , Sysa P , Jurka P , Krzyżewska A 
Published: July 2011

ContentsBecause of an apparent sexual ambiguity (enlarged clitoris), a 1‐year‐old mongrel dog was presented to the clinic. A positive result on a GnRH stimulation test revealed the existence of functional testicular tissue. A midline laparotomy was performed, and gonads resembling testes were resected along with the adherent parts of the uterine horns. Microscopic examination confirmed that the sampled gonads were testes. Cross‐sections of the head and tail of the epididymis revealed their typical structures. All layers of the uterine wall were well‐developed. The lumen was stellar, covered by columnar cylindrical epithelium, although locally some epithelial cells had changed in height from columnar to flat. The uterine glands were distributed in functional layer of endometrium in a non‐uniform way. Cytogenetic analysis based on the evaluation of metaphase plates of blood lymphocytes showed a female karyotype, 78,XX. PCR amplification of the SRY gene was negative in the studied mongrel dog. This canine disorder may be genetically heterogeneous, potentially with a different mutation in different breeds. An autosomal recessive inheritance for the XX male is suggested in such cases. The present case of sex reversal syndrome concerns a non‐purebred dog. In mongrels, it is definitely less likely for the defect to be inherited because of a recessive disorder. According to the recently proposed nomenclature, the described case should be classified as 78,XX testicular DSD syndrome.
Effect of Varying Glucose Concentrations during In Vitro Maturation and Embryo Culture on Efficiency of In Vitro Embryo Production in Buffalo
Authors: Kumar P , Verma A , Roy B , Rajput S , Ojha S , Anand S , Yadav P , Arora J , De S , Goswami SL , Datta TK 
Published: July 2011

ContentsThis study was aimed to optimize glucose level at different stages of buffalo in vitro embryo production procedure. Three glucose levels (1.5, 5.6 and 10 mm) along with a control (0 mm) were used at three phases of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) procedure viz. in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro culture (IVC‐I) (12–72 hpi) and IVC‐II (72 hpi to 7 dpi). Maturation rate of oocytes was found different under different glucose concentrations, and significantly more number of oocytes reached to MII under 5.6 mm glucose. The glucose levels at each phase (IVM, IVC‐I and IVC‐II) individually had significant effect on blastocyst rate, and the level used at one phase had significant effect on the outcome of next phase. Complete withdrawal of glucose from any of these stages irrespective of concentrations used at subsequent stage/s resulted in significantly lower number of blastocysts. However, the changing levels of glucose had differential effects during different phases of IVF steps. The most prominent effect of glucose level was observed during IVM. The presence of 5.6 mm glucose at all stages was most effective to yield highest blastocyst rate in buffalo IVF system.
Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Response to Electroejaculation in Adult and Yearling Anesthetized Pampas Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) Males
Authors: Fumagalli F , Villagrán M , Damián JP , Ungerfeld R 
Published: July 2011

ContentsThe aim of this study was to characterize changes in physiological and biochemical parameters during electroejaculation (EE) under general anaesthesia in adult and yearling pampas deer males (Ozotoceros bezoarticus). The relation between heart rate, pulse rate, respiratory rate and oximetry with EE voltages was studied. The changes in cortisol, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and rectal temperature were determined before and after electroejaculation (BEE and AEE). Heart rate and pulse rate values increased during EE, with a greater increase in heart rate in adults (p < 0.01). Respiratory rate and SpO2were not affected by EE or category. The rectal temperature decreased in adults and yearlings during EE (p = 0.0001). Alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations increased AEE (p < 0.001, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase concentrations were greater in young than in adult males (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the EE under general anaesthesia in the pampas deer provoked increases in heart and pulse rates, as well as in creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, and a decrease in rectal temperature in both categories. Oximetry values were especially low during the procedure. Heart rate increase was greater in adult males, and alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase concentrations were greater in yearlings.
Education debate: clinical diagnostic reasoning
Authors: Boyd G. W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWhilst it is clear that experienced clinicians adopt a rational approach of diagnosis, the logic of their clinical reasoning has been difficult to define. I outline here an approach based on the four categories of a complete diagnosis: Anatomical diagnosis (system involved); Pathological diagnosis (nature of the condition); Physiological diagnosis (functional consequences) and Aetiological diagnosis (background cause). Each phrase of the history and examination data is assigned to one or other of these categories as the case unfolds, with interpretations and interactions allowing sub‐conclusions that gradually build to a final clinical diagnosis overall. The system has the advantage of facilitating a diagnosis individualized to the patient, rather than to some previously learned diagnostic ‘checklist’. As such, it should provide an advance over current problem‐based approaches to clinical diagnosis.
Comparison of epinephrine vs lipid rescue to treat severe local anesthetic toxicity – an experimental study in piglets
Authors: Mauch Jacqueline , Martin Jurado Olga , Spielmann Nelly , Bettschart‐Wolfensberger Regula , Weiss Markus 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjectives:  Local anesthetic (LA) intoxication with severe hemodynamic compromise is a potential catastrophic event. Lipid resuscitation has been recommended for the treatment of LA‐induced cardiac arrest. However, there are no data about effectiveness of Intralipid® for the treatment of severe cardiovascular compromise prior to cardiac arrest. Aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of epinephrine and Intralipid® for the treatment of severe hemodynamic compromise owing to bupivacaine intoxication.Methods:  Piglets were anesthetized with sevoflurane, intubated, and ventilated. Bupivacaine was infused with a syringe driver via a central venous catheter at a rate of 1 mg·kg−1·min−1 until invasively measured mean arterial pressure (MAP) dropped to 50% of the initial value. Bupivacaine infusion was then stopped, and epinephrine 3 μg·kg−1 (group 1), Intralipid® 20% 2 ml·kg−1 (group 2), or Intralipid® 20% 4 ml·kg−1 (group 3) was immediately administered. Survival, hemodynamic course, and ETCO2 were recorded.Results:  Twenty‐one piglets (3 × 7), with median age of 26 days (19–43) and weighing 4.9 kg (4.3–5.8), were investigated. All animals in group 1 (100%) but only four of seven (57%) piglets in group 2 and group 3, respectively, survived. Normalization of hemodynamic parameters (HR, MAP) and ETCO2 was fastest in group 1 with all piglets achieving HR and MAP values at or above baseline within 1 min.Conclusion:  For the treatment of severe hemodynamic compromise owing to bupivacaine intoxication in piglets, first‐line rescue with epinephrine was more effective than Intralipid® with regard to survival as well as normalization of hemodynamic parameters and ETCO2.
Risk of erosion in peat soils – an investigation using Bayesian belief networks
Authors: Aalders I. , Hough R. L. , Towers W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPeat is an important carbon sink in the context of climate change. However, well‐documented examples suggest that risk of peat erosion is widespread and significant. Our understanding of peat vulnerability to erosion is commonly constrained by the complexity of drivers, and their interactions, in this process. However, the key constraints are: limited, consistent and comprehensive quantitative data relating to this process and, more significantly, the explicit relationships between the occurrence of peat erosion and its causes and drivers. Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) provide a methodology for integrating qualitative and quantitative knowledge. BBNs can capture and structure available knowledge and rationalize complex interactions, where empirical data are limited or poorly compatible and processes are complex or uncertain. In this article we explore the BBN potential to advance our understanding and to identify gaps in current knowledge. BBN has been demonstrated to be a useful tool in structuring and utilizing currently available knowledge, often with limited evidence, of peat’s actual exposure to erosive forces. Despite considerable research into peat erosion processes and understanding the inherent vulnerability of peat, results presented indicate clear gaps in knowledge regarding the role of land management, spatially explicit data related to land management as well as limited evidence of the relevant relationships between many of the variables. The attention of further research will focus on these gaps. The BBN approach provides a framework in which different scenarios of biophysical, climatic and land management (social and economic) conditions can examine and assess the probability of erosion.
Does soil biology hold the key to optimized slurry management? A manifesto for research
Authors: Harris J. A. , Tyrrel S. F. , Ritz K. , Lanigan G. J. , Griffiths B. S. , Brennan F. P. , Bourdin F. , Massey P. A. , Moynihan E. L. , Rogers N. E. , Kibblewhite M. G. , Pawlett M. , Sakrabani R. , Hoekstra N. J. , Creamer R. E. , Schulte R. P. O. , Richards K. G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe application of agricultural biosolids to land is likely to increase on farms as pressures intensify to manage nutrients and carbon, especially with regard to slurry. Although much work has been carried out in this area, it has tended to focus on specific aspects of the application‐use cycle, without a coherent framework and notably the role of soil biology has been little studied in this context, or considered appropriately in the development and application of slurry management systems. In this review article we present a hypothesis that the configuration of the soil microbial community is determined by the history of long‐term inputs to which the community has been subjected and that the resultant configuration determines the instantaneous responses of the associated soil to the presence of slurries, and posit a set of critical questions which would effectively test this.
Prevalence and Treatment of Headaches in Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Patil Vijaya K. , St. Andre Justin R. , Crisan Elena , Smith Bridget M. , Evans Charlesnika T. , Steiner Monica L. , Pape Theresa L. 
Published: July 2011

(Headache 2011;51:1112‐1121)Objectives.— To report the prevalence and characteristics of headaches in veterans with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to describe most common treatment strategies after neurological evaluation.Methods.— We conducted a retrospective cohort study. The setting was a United States Veterans Healthcare Administration Polytrauma Network Site. The study participants consisted of 246 veterans with confirmed diagnosis of mild TBI. The main outcome measures were: Self‐reported head pain occurring 30 days prior to initial mild TBI screening; headache severity measured by the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory; headache characteristics; and treatment prescribed by neurologists.Results.— The majority (74%) of veterans with a confirmed diagnosis of mild TBI (N = 246), due largely to blast exposure, reported headaches in the 30 days preceding the initial mild TBI evaluation. Thirty‐three percent of these veterans (N = 81) were referred to neurology for persistent headaches. Of the 56 veterans attending the neurology evaluation, 45% were diagnosed with migraine headaches and 20% with chronic daily headaches. The most commonly used abortive agents were triptans (68%) and the most common preventive medications were anticonvulsants (55%) and tricyclics (40%).Conclusion.— There was an increased prevalence of headaches in veterans with mild TBI. Most of the TBI veterans in our study group were exposed to blast injury and findings indicate that the nature of head trauma may be contributing to headaches. Findings highlight the need for developing effective headache prevention and treatment strategies for all persons with mild TBI and in particular for veterans with blast‐related mild TBI.
Gestion et financement du congé de maladie dans le monde
Authors: SCHLIWEN Anke , EARLE Alison , HAYES Jeff , HEYMANN S. Jody 
Published: July 2011

Résumé.Les responsables politiques qui envisagent d'instituer ou de réformer le congé de maladie ont besoin d'en comprendre les mécanismes de financement possibles. Partant de données mondiales, les auteurs observent que la durée et la générosité de l'indemnisation dépendent du modèle utilisé– responsabilité de l'employeur, assurance sociale, assistance sociale, ou une combinaison des trois –, mais ils ne relèvent aucun lien significatif avec les indicateurs économiques tels que PIB par habitant, taux de chômage ou compétitivité nationale. Ils envisagent aussi les mécanismes politiques propices à l'efficacité du congé de maladie et à la solidité des résultats économiques.
Viabilité des régimes publics de retraite face au vieillissement de la population: la solution viendra‐t‐elle de l'immigration?
Authors: SERRANO Felipe , EGUÍA Begoña , FERREIRO Jesús 
Published: July 2011

Résumé.Dans de nombreux pays développés, le vieillissement de la population compromet la viabilité financière des régimes de retraite par répartition. L'immigration est souvent présentée comme l'une des solutions, particulièrement dans les pays où elle est forte. Les auteurs présentent un modèle d'analyse des effets de l'immigration sur la viabilité des régimes par répartition en prenant l'Espagne comme exemple. Ils montrent que l'afflux migratoire ne résout pas le problème, d'où la nécessité de recourir à des réformes paramétriques. Ils donnent aussi la mesure des réformes nécessaires à l'équilibre financier du système.
Relations professionnelles en Chine: pour un modèle hexapartite
Authors: MA Zhining 
Published: July 2011

Résumé.Relativement peu de recherches ont été publiées sur les relations professionnelles et le travail en Chine, en partie parce que le modèle tripartite classique ne permet pas d'expliciter la réalité chinoise. Après un bref examen de la théorie et de l'histoire des relations professionnelles dans ce pays, l'auteur présente une nouvelle taxonomie à six dimensions pour les expliciter. Les acteurs, avec leurs spécificités chinoises, sont: l'Etat‐parti, la Fédération panchinoise des syndicats, les organisations d'employeurs, les syndicats de base, les employeurs et les travailleurs. Ce modèle, selon l'auteur, est un outil utile pour bien rendre compte de l'évolution du système des relations professionnelles en Chine.
Le régime de sécurité sociale des travailleurs migrants en Chine
Authors: WANG Zhikai 
Published: July 2011

Résumé.En Chine, le manque de cohérence des politiques sociales et du travail risque de saper les relations entre les employeurs et, en fin de compte, la solidité de la transition du pays à l'économie de marché. L'une des contraintes qui pèse sur le développement du secteur privé est l'absence d'un régime intégré de protection sociale pour les migrants venus des zones rurales. Ils représentent une part notable de la main‐d'œuvre du secteur privé, mais ne jouissent pas des mêmes droits sociaux que les résidents urbains. Le gouvernement a commencéà s'attaquer au problème en renforçant l'application de la loi mais, selon l'auteur, des réformes institutionnelles restent indispensables.
Employment relations “with Chinese characteristics”: The role of trade unions in China
Authors: ZHU Ying , WARNER Malcolm , FENG Tongqing 
Published: July 2011

Abstract.Reviewing recent labour developments and trade union policy shifts in historical perspective, this article explores the role of trade unions in China's efforts to promote a “harmonious society”. The much‐criticized “top‐down” approach associated with the All‐China Federation of Trade Unions, however, has led to growing pressure “from below”, as evidenced by the recent increase in the number of strikes. With an emergent new role for trade unions, the authors argue, an employment relations system “with Chinese characteristics” is now institutionally embedded in the People's Republic.
Failures of enterprise‐level unionization in China: Implications for coalmine safety and beyond
Authors: LIU Chaojie 
Published: July 2011

Abstract.In recent years, China's frequent coalmining accidents have highlighted legislative defects that disable enterprise unions from exercising their statutory functions effectively in regard to occupational safety. The causes of this dysfunction have much wider implications, however. Reviewing the country's Trade Union Law, the author argues for amendments to empower workers to set up genuine enterprise‐level unions – by clarifying the procedures for doing so, excluding senior corporate executives from union membership and leadership, securing unions' financial independence from enterprise management, providing safeguards for the election of trade union leaders and their removal from office, and recognizing the right to strike.
Clinical trial of oral malodor treatment in patients with periodontal diseases
Authors: Pham T. A. V. , Ueno M. , Zaitsu T. , Takehara S. , Shinada K. , Lam P. H. , Kawaguchi Y. 
Published: July 2011

Pham TAV, Ueno M, Zaitsu T, Takehara S, Shinada K, Lam PH, Kawaguchi Y. Clinical trial of oral malodor treatment in patients with periodontal diseases. J Periodont Res 2011; 46: 722–729. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  Only a few clinical research studies have assessed different therapeutic approaches to oral malodor in subjects affected by periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of periodontal treatment and tongue cleaning on oral malodor parameters in periodontitis and gingivitis patients.Material and Methods:  The subjects were 102 periodontitis and 116 gingivitis patients with oral malodor. Oral malodor was measured by organoleptic test and Oral Chroma™. Oral health status, including tooth conditions, periodontal health, tongue coating and proteolytic activity of the BANA test in tongue coating were assessed. Subjects in each periodontal disease group were randomly assigned into two subgroups depending on the sequence of treatment: periodontal treatment and tongue cleaning. Oral malodor and oral health parameters were compared by groups and sequence of treatment.Results:  For subjects in the periodontitis group, there were statistically significant reductions in oral malodor after periodontitis treatment or tongue cleaning; however, major reductions were found after periodontitis treatment. For those in the gingivitis group, there were also statistically significant reductions in oral malodor after gingivitis treatment or tongue cleaning, but the most marked reductions were observed after tongue cleaning. At the completion of treatment, all oral malodor parameters fell below the threshold levels in all subgroups.Conclusion:  The present study indicated that periodontal treatment played an important role and tongue cleaning contributed to a lesser extent to reduction in oral malodor in periodontitis patients. In contrast, tongue cleaning alone can be the primary approach to reduce oral malodor in gingivitis patients.
Prenatal paracetamol exposure and risk of wheeze at preschool age*
Authors: Goksör Emma , Thengilsdottir Hrefna , Alm Bernt , Norvenius Gunnar , Wennergren Göran 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To analyse the association between prenatal paracetamol exposure and preschool wheeze.Methods:  Data were obtained from a prospective, longitudinal study of a cohort of children born in the region of western Sweden in 2003; 8176 families were randomly selected. The parents answered questionnaires at 6 and 12 months and at 4.5 years of age. The response rate was 55%, i.e. 4496 of the 5398 questionnaires distributed at 4.5 years (83%). Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treated wheeze during the last year was regarded as a proxy for doctor‐diagnosed asthma. Episodic viral wheeze was defined as wheezing only with viral infections and multiple‐trigger wheeze as wheezing also in between infections.Results:  In the multivariate analysis, the risk of ICS‐treated wheeze was increased by paracetamol (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.01–2.6). Within the ICS‐treated group, the effect was significant for multiple‐trigger wheeze (OR 2.4; 1.2–4.8) but not for episodic viral wheeze (OR 1.1; 0.5–2.3).Conclusion:  Prenatal paracetamol exposure was an independent risk factor for ICS‐treated wheeze at preschool age, especially among children with ICS‐treated multiple‐trigger wheeze. Although the analysis adjusted for e.g. maternal asthma and antibiotic use, the possibility of residual confounding by maternal indication (respiratory illness) should be acknowledged.