bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the use of search engine development tools in IT education
Authors: Chau Michael , Wong Cho Hung , Zhou Yilu , Qin Jialun , Chen Hsinchun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIt is important for education in computer science and information systems to keep up to date with the latest development in technology. With the rapid development of the Internet and the Web, many schools have included Internet‐related technologies, such as Web search engines and e‐commerce, as part of their curricula. Previous research has shown that it is effective to use search engine development tools to facilitate students' learning. However, the effectiveness of these tools in the classroom has not been evaluated. In this article, we review the design of three search engine development tools, SpidersRUs, Greenstone, and Alkaline, followed by an evaluation study that compared the three tools in the classroom. In the study, 33 students were divided into 13 groups and each group used the three tools to develop three independent search engines in a class project. Our evaluation results showed that SpidersRUs performed better than the two other tools in overall satisfaction and the level of knowledge gained in their learning experience when using the tools for a class project on Internet applications development.
“Fabelhafte Dinge”: Arzneimittelnarrative zu Coca und Cocain im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Wahrig Bettina 
Published: November 2009

Abstract“Fabulous Things”. Drug Narratives about Coca and Cocaine in the 19th Century. This contribution focuses on the history of Coca leaves and Cocaine in the second half of 19th century Europe. Even though, to date, no direct link has been established between the activities of the Milano physician Paolo Mantegazza, and the Göttingen chemist Friedrich Wöhler, it is not a mere coincidence that both published their findings in the same year, namely, 1859. Mantegazza authored the first treatise claiming that Coca had psychoactive qualities and touted its broad therapeutic faculties; he claimed that it should be introduced into European pharmacotherapy. In Wöhler's laboratory, cocaine was isolated from leaves by his pupil Alfred Niemann; later, Wilhelm Lossen refined and corrected Niemann's results. Narratives about medicinal drugs often streamline history into a story that starts with multiple meanings and impure matters and ends with well‐defined substances, directed at clear‐cut diseases and symptoms. In the case of Coca, however, the pure substance triggered no such process well into the 1880s, whereas the leaves continued to circulate as an exotic, pluripotent drug whose effects where miraculous and yet difficult to establish.
High affinity peptides for the recognition of the heart disease biomarker troponin I identified using phage display
Authors: Park Jong Pil , Cropek Donald M. , Banta Scott 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTroponin I is a specific and sensitive clinical biomarker for myocardial injury. In this study we have used polyvalent phage display to isolate unique linear peptide motifs which recognize both the human and rat homologs of troponin I. The peptide specific for human troponin I has a sequence of FYSHSFHENWPS and the peptide specific for the rat troponin I has a sequence of FHSSWPVNGSTI. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to evaluate the binding interactions, and the two phage‐displayed peptides exhibited some cross‐reactivity, but they were both more specific for the troponin I homolog they were selected against. The binding affinities of the phage‐displayed peptides were decreased by the presence of complex tissue culture media (MEM), and the addition of 10% calf serum further interfered with the binding of the target proteins. Kinetic indirect phage ELISAs revealed that both troponin I binding peptides were found to have nanomolar affinities for the troponin proteins while attached to the phage particles. To our knowledge, this is the first example of isolation and characterization of troponin I binders using phage display technology. These new peptides may have potential utility in the development of new clinical assays for cardiac injury as well as in monitoring of cardiac cells grown in culture. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010. 105: 678–686. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasmid‐free T7‐based Escherichia coli expression systems
Authors: Striedner Gerald , Pfaffenzeller Irene , Markus Luchner , Nemecek Sabine , Grabherr Reingard , Bayer Karl 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn order to release host cells from plasmid‐mediated increases in metabolic load and high gene dosages, we developed a plasmid‐free, T7‐based E. coli expression system in which the target gene is site‐specifically integrated into the genome of the host. With this system, plasmid‐loss, a source of instability for conventional expression systems, was eliminated. At the same time, system leakiness, a challenging problem with recombinant systems, was minimized. The efficiency of the T7 RNA polymerase compensates for low gene dosage and provides high rates of recombinant gene expression without fatal consequences to host metabolism. Relative to conventional pET systems, this system permits improved process stability and increases the host cell's capacity for recombinant gene expression, resulting in higher product yields. The stability of the plasmid‐free system was proven in chemostat cultivation for 40 generations in a non‐induced and for 10 generations in a fully induced state. For this reason plasmid‐free systems benefit the development of continuous production processes with E. coli. However, time and effort of the more complex cloning procedure have to be considered in relation to the advantages of plasmid‐free systems in upstream‐processing. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010. 105: 786–794. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regimes of Multiple Emulsions of W1/O/W2 and O1/W/O2 Type in the Continuous Couette‐Taylor Flow Contactor
Authors: Dluska E. , Markowska‐Radomska A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe flow regimes of multiple emulsions in the continuous Couette‐Taylor flow (CTF) contactor and characterization of the dispersion state are reported. The proposed method of multiple emulsion preparation is a one‐step procedure on the contrary to the classical two‐step procedure. The effect of operating parameters in the CTF contactor on multiple emulsion appearance, structure (drop size and packing), and rheological behavior is discussed. The key factors affecting multiple emulsion preparation in the CTF apparatus were the phases ratio, the rotational flow, and an annular gap width. The influence of an axial flow was more significant in the range of small rotational rates. The operating conditions were optimized to find the best characteristic multiple emulsions (largest interfacial area). The paper presents the same exemplary data of using W1/O/W2 emulsions as emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs) in the extraction process and O1/W/O2 for control active agent (drug) release.
The use of physical modeling in the optimisation of a primary separation vessel feedwell
Authors: Tyler J. , Spence J. , Kiel D. , Schaan J. , Larson G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA physical modeling program was undertaken to assess and eliminate a significant vessel wear problem observed in a primary separation vessel used in the recovery of bitumen from oil sands. A 1:20 scale model was fabricated, and process rates and materials were selected on the basis of dimensional analysis. Experiments showed that the existing feedwell produced poor circumferential distribution and formed a localised jet that entered the vessel over a narrow sector. Tests were then conducted with several different modifications to the feedwell to improve the flow distribution. The final design produced uniform circumferential distribution and a modest improvement in model separation efficiency. This design has been in commercial service for several years and has eliminated the local wear problems.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: A case report
Authors: Laforga Juan B. , Gasent Joan M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractExtraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare soft tissue tumor arising in extremities. We report a typical case of EMC in left inguinal region of a 71‐year‐old man, which was first approached by fine‐needle aspiration, followed by surgical excision and subsequently diagnosed by microscopic examination and immunohistochemical study. We discuss briefly the differential diagnosis. It is important to separate EMC from other myxoid soft tissue tumors. We point out that although cytologic features may be orientating to a myxoid tumor, may not be completely distinctive. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral epithelial atypical changes in apparently healthy oral mucosa exposed to smoking, alcohol, peppers and hot meals, using the AgNOR and Papanicolaou staining techniques
Authors: Ahmed Hussain Gadelkarim , Ebnoof Syda Omer M. Ali , Hussein Mohmmed Omer M. , Gbreel Afra Yousif A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTo evaluate cytological atypical changes in apparently healthy oral mucosa exposed to smoking, alcohol, hot meals, and peppers using the AgNOR and Papanicolaou methods. A total of 180 individuals were evaluated, of which 60 were smokers, 34 were alcohol users, 52 were habitual peppers and hot meal (exposed) consumers, 24 were non‐exposed, and 10 were patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), as an internal control. Cytological materials were obtained by brushing of buccal mucosa, on the border of the tongue and on the floor of the mouth, and participants underwent the Papanicolaou test for cytological changes and AgNOR staining for evaluation of the mean number of AgNOR dots per nucleus. SPSS program was used to perform the Pearson chi‐square test. The 95% confidence level, Odds Ratio (OR), and the 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were used.The features of cytological atypia were verified among 10 individuals, including 5 smokers, 2 alcohol users, 2 hot meals and peppers consumers, and one non‐exposed. For atypia among tobacco smokers, the adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) and the 95% CI were found to be 2 (0.246–16.24). Increased keratinization was detected among 27 (45%) of the smokers (P < 0.0001), 17 (32.7%) of the pepper and hot meals consumers (P < 0.005), 4 (11.8%) of the alcohol consumers, and among 2 (3.7%) of the non‐exposed group. Statistical analyses revealed a greater mean number of AgNORs per nucleus in smokers (3.68) followed by (2.82) alcohol consumers, compared to the habitual peppers and hot meal consumers (2.28) and the non‐exposed group (2.00). What's more, 80% of the smears with cytological atypia were identified with 6 ± 2 AgNOR mean count.The increase of the variables suggests that the evaluation of epithelial atypical changes in individuals exposed to smoking and alcohol carcinogens may be a useful screening tool. While hot meals and peppers didnot seem to be a risk for oral mucosal proliferation, they increased the potency of keratinization and infection. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and Properties of Copper(II), Manganese(III), and Iron(III) Complexes with Potentially Pentaanionic Heptadentate Ligands Including Alkoxido, Amido, and Phenoxido Donors
Authors: Stoicescu Liliana , Duhayon Carine , Vendier Laure , Tesouro‐Vallina Ana , Costes Jean‐Pierre , Tuchagues Jean‐Pierre 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of copper(II), manganese(III), and iron(III) complexes [Cu2(L1)(OAc)Cs2(MeOH)2]n (1), [Mn2(H3L1)2(OMe)2]·2MeOH (2), [Fe2(H3L1)2(Hpz)4](ClO4)2·2CH3CN (3), and [Fe2(H3L3)2(OMe)2]·8MeOH (4) of potentially pentaanionic heptadentate ligands,2‐hydroxy‐N‐{2‐hydroxy‐3‐[(2‐hydroxybenzoyl)amino]propyl}benzamide (H5L1) and 2‐hydroxy‐N‐{3‐hydroxy‐5‐[(2‐hydroxybenzoyl)amino]pentyl}benzamide (H5L3), are reported. The crystal structure and magnetic properties of these complexes have been determined. In complex 1, the ligand H5L1 acts as a heptadentate, fully deprotonated ligand, [L1]5–. In complexes 2, 3, and 4, H5L1 (2, 3) and H5L3 (4) act as tetradentate, partially deprotonated ligands, [H3L1]2– and [H3L3]2–.In complex 1, anionic [Cu2(L1)(OAc)]2– and cationic [Cs(MeOH)]+ units are linked through a quadruply bridging acetate ion and through the phenoxido‐oxygen and amido‐oxygen donor atoms of [L1]5– to yield a 2D polymeric network. Complexes 2–4 form extended supramolecular networks. Magnetic susceptibility data evidence antiferromagnetic interactions for 1, 2, and 4. The Fe···Fe distance is too long to allow measurable magnetic interactions in complex 3. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Inhibition of Alkyne Cyclotrimerization to Arenes on a Metal Site by Four‐Electron Donation through Simultaneous Sigma and Pi Bonding: The Tris(alkyne)Tungsten Carbonyls
Authors: Peng Bin , Li Qian‐Shu , Xie Yaoming , King R. Bruce , Schaefer Henry F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractReactions of fac‐(CH3CN)3W(CO)3 with the alkynes RC≡CR are known experimentally to give the very stable (RC≡CR)3WL (L = CO or CH3CN) complexes without the complexed alkyne ligands on the tungsten site undergoing cyclotrimerization to the corresponding benzene derivatives C6R6. In order to evaluate the thermodynamics of these systems, the structures and energetics of the tris(alkyne)tungsten carbonyls (RC≡CR)3W(CO)n and the corresponding arenetungsten carbonyls (η6‐C6R6)W(CO)n (R = CH3, CF3; n = 3, 2, 1, 0) have been optimized using density functional theory. The cyclotrimerizations of the alkyne ligands in (RC≡CR)3W(CO)n (n = 3, 2) to a benzene ligand in (η6‐C6R6)W(CO)n are predicted to be very exothermic. However, the corresponding cyclotrimerizations of the alkyne ligands in (RC≡CR)3W(CO) and (RC≡CR)3W to a benzene ligand in (η6‐C6R6)W(CO) and (η6‐C6R6)W, respectively, are predicted to range from nearly thermoneutral (R = CH3) to highly endothermic (R = CF3). This can be related to the bonding mode of the alkyne ligands to the tungsten atom. Alkyne ligands bonded to tungsten as four‐electron donors (with one σ bond and one π bond) are resistant to cyclotrimerization reactions. However, alkyne ligands bonded to tungsten as two‐electron donors through only σ bonding of the C≡C triple bond are reactive towards cyclotrimerization reactions. The CF3 derivatives are found to be less reactive towards cyclotrimerization than the CH3 derivatives. The inhibition of alkyne cyclotrimerization on a metal site by bonding as a four‐electron donor through both σ and π bonding can be related to the fact that known alkyne cyclotrimerization catalysts are generally based on late transition metals of groups 8, 9, and 10, rather than early transition metals such as tungsten.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Altered fractionation and adjuvant chemotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mendenhall William M. , Riggs Charles E. , Vaysberg Mikhail , Amdur Robert J. , Werning John W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this review was to discuss the role of altered fractionation and adjuvant chemotherapy for patients treated with definitive radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsThis review explores the pertinent literature and discusses the optimal management of previously untreated patients with stage III–stage IVA and/or ‐B HNSCCs.ResultsDepending on the schedule, altered fractionation improves locoregional control and survival. Both hyperfractionation and concomitant boost RT improve locoregional control and are associated with improved overall survival (OS). Adjuvant chemotherapy improves OS; the greatest impact is observed after concomitant versus induction or maintenance chemotherapy. Monochemotherapy appears to be equivalent to polychemotherapy. Drugs associated with the greatest survival benefit include fluorouracil and cisplatin. Intraarterial chemotherapy offers no advantage over intravenous chemotherapy. Concomitant cetuximab and RT results in improved outcomes similar to those observed after concomitant cisplatin‐based chemotherapy and RT.ConclusionsAltered fractionation and/or concomitant chemotherapy result in improved outcomes compared with conventionally fractionated definitive RT alone for stage III–stage IV HNSCC. The optimal combination of RT fractionation and chemotherapy remains unclear. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
2‐D mapping of skin chromophores in the spectral range 500 – 700 nm
Authors: Jakovels Dainis , Spigulis Janis 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe multi‐spectral imaging technique has been used for distant mapping of in‐vivo skin chromophores by analyzing spectral data at each reflected image pixel and constructing 2‐D maps of the relative concentrations of oxy‐/deoxy‐haemoglobin and melanin. Instead of using a broad visible‐NIR spectral range, this study focuses on narrowed spectral band 500–700 nm, speeding‐up the signal processing procedure. Regression analysis confirmed that superposition of three Gaussians is optimal analytic approximation for the oxy‐haemoglobin absorption tabular spectrum in this spectral band, while superposition of two Gaussians fits well for deoxy‐haemoglobin absorption and exponential function – for melanin absorption. The proposed approach was clinically tested for three types of in‐vivo skin provocations: ultraviolet irradiance, chemical reaction with vinegar essence and finger arterial occlusion. Spectral range 500–700 nm provided better sensitivity to oxy‐haemoglobin changes and higher response stability to melanin than two reduced ranges 500–600 nm and 530–620 nm. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A 17 GHZ colpitts VCO using reverse‐ and forward‐biased diode tuning in 0.18 μm CMOS
Authors: Huang Chuang‐Jen , Hsue Ching‐Wen , Liu Cheng‐Chen , Jang Sheng‐Lyang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA 17 GHz complementary Colpitts voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) is designed and implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS 1P6M process. The drain‐body diode of MOSFET is used as the varactor. The VCO consists of two single‐ended complementary Colpitts LC‐tank VCOs coupled by a pair of capacitors. At the supply voltage of 1.2 V, the output phase noise of the VCO is −108.54 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency from the carrier frequency of 17.3 GHz, and the figure of merit is −189.51 dBc/Hz. Total VCO core power consumption is 2.4 mW. Tuning range is about 1 GHz, from 17.4 to 16.4 GHz, whereas the control voltage was tuned from 0 to 0.9 V. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 38–41, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24818
DBR‐fiber‐laser‐based active temperature sensor and its applications in the measurement of fiber birefringence
Authors: Liu Bo , Jia Chenglai , Zhang Hao , Luo Jianhua 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA fiber active temperature sensor based on single‐longitudinal‐mode distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fiber laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The dual‐polarization mode DBR fiber laser could be employed as a temperature sensor through beat frequency interrogation. The temperature sensitivities of this polarimetric sensor are experimentally compared both through frequency and wavelength interrogations. By calculating the fiber birefringence at different temperature, temperature dependence of fiber birefringence is also investigated. Theoretical analysis and experiment results indicate that the fiber birefringence would linearly decrease with the increase of temperature. Based on the frequency and wavelength interrogations, respectively, the fiber active sensor would provide an effective way to achieve simultaneous measurement of multi‐parameters. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 41–44, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24820
Design of a multiantenna structure for WCDMA and Wibro MIMO systems using ENG‐ZOR unit cells
Authors: Kim Jeongpyo , Choi Jaehoon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe propose an internal multiantenna structure for WCDMA and Wibro MIMO systems using epsilon negative zeroth order resonator (ENG‐ZOR) unit cells. The proposed multiantenna consists of a dual resonant antenna for the WCDMA band and a MIMO antenna with two antenna elements and an isolator for the Wibro band. The designed multiantenna has the measured peak gains of 3.8 dBi at WCDMA lower band, 1.4 dBi at WCDMA higher band, 1.2 dBi for antenna #2, and −0.95 dBi for antenna #3 at Wibro band. In addition, the isolation characteristic at the Wibro band is higher than 17 dB. The total size of the designed antenna is 40 mm × 7 mm × 5 mm. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 13–17, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24826
Novel UWB planar monopole antenna with dual band‐notched characteristics
Authors: Li Wentao , Shi Xiaowei , Zhang Tieling , Song Yue 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA novel spade‐shaped microstrip‐fed ultrawideband planar monopole antenna with dual band‐notched characteristics is presented. Dual narrow band‐notched characteristics are achieved by employing an Ω‐shaped slot on the radiating patch and a split‐ring resonator on the backed side. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed antenna satisfies the voltage standing wave ratio requirement of less than 2.0 in the frequency band of 3–12 GHz, except two frequency stop‐bands of 3.3–3.9 GHz and 5.70–6.05 GHz. Moreover, measured group delay and transmission characteristics indicate that the proposed antenna has good transient response. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 48–51, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24827
Phase velocity measurement using a sinusoidal wire resonator
Authors: Salman A. O. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractResonators are commonly used in the measurements of electromagnetic parameters. One of the applications is the phase velocity measurement of electromagnetic wave. In this article, a sinusoidal wire resonator is experimentally investigated for measuring phase velocity of surface wave supported by a Goubou‐line. The phase velocity values are obtained and the results are also compared with another technique (near‐field propping). It is shown that a sinusoidal wire resonator is a promising tool to measure the phase velocity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 103–107, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24839
Microstrip ring resonator bandpass filters using ceramic substrate
Authors: Chen Yuan‐Bin , Huang Cheng‐Liang , Liu Shih‐Sheng , Lin Shih‐Hung 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe miniaturization of ring bandpass filters by employing high‐permittivity ceramic substrates (with respective dielectric constants of 9.7 and 23.5) are investigated. Microwave dielectric ceramics with high permittivity are commonly applied in several microwave communication components. With the advantages of compact size, high‐permittivity ceramics can be used as the substrate for bandpass filters. Moreover, the fundamental characteristics of newly developed compact square‐ring resonators have also been described and applied to the design of bandpass filters. In this paper, the designed square‐ring resonators structures are simulated using an IE3D simulator. The responses of the fabricated bandpass filters using Al2O3 (εr = 9.7, tan δ = 0.000036) and 0.875Mg0.95Zn0.05TiO3‐0.125Ca0.8Sm0.4/3TiO3 (εr = 23.5, tan δ = 0.000021) ceramic substrates are designed at the center frequency of 2.4 GHz. This compact size, low loss bandpass filter should be useful in many wireless communication systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 218–220, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24847