bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wide‐band phase locking of Josephson junctions in a resonator
Authors: Grib Alexander , Seidel Paul 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe found that the chain of junctions acts both as the source of radiation and as a part of the superconducting resonator when the effective capacitance of the resonator is larger than the total capacitance of all junctions. At this condition junctions are synchronized in‐phase not only at the resonance steps but also in the whole hysteretic region of I –V characteristics below the resonant frequency. The maximal allowable spread of critical currents for this effect is about 5–10%. We analyzed the origin of the effect both numerically and by the method of slowly varying amplitudes.magnified image(© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal structure of the atmospheric boundary layer on Mars based on Mini‐TES observations
Authors: Sorbjan Zbigniew , Wolff Michael , Smith Michael D. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper presents and discusses the vertical profiles of the potential temperature in the Martian boundary layer. The profiles were remotely sensed from on‐board the Spirit Mars Exploration Rover during the first 702 sols of its operation in 2004–2005. The rover carried the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini‐TES), which allowed it to retrieve temperature profiles up to a level 2 km above the ground surface. The data analysed here permit a reconstruction of the diurnal and seasonal structure of the lower part of the Martian convective boundary layer, an evaluation of the boundary layer depth, and a computation of the temperature heat flux. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Facile Synthesis of Macrocellular Mesoporous Foamlike Ce–Sn Mixed Oxides with a Nanocrystalline Framework by Using Triblock Copolymer as the Single Template
Authors: Li Le‐Le , Xu Jun , Yuan Quan , Li Zhen‐Xing , Song Wei‐Guo , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMacrocellular mesoporous foamlike cerium–tin mixed oxide materials with well‐defined porous structure and nanocrystalline frameworks are synthesized through a simple one‐step self‐assembly process using an amphiphilic triblock copolymer as the single template. The macrocellular pores are synthesized without the addition of any swelling agent or hazardous acids. The final mixed oxide possesses a hierarchically porous structure including macrocellular foam with ultralarge cell size, closed windows, and mesopores on the walls. This indicates that the porous structure can be notably stabilized and improved by the incorporation of Sn in the CeO2. The materials are expected to be good candidates in catalysis, since the hierarchical porosity enables high surface areas and hence more chemically active sites associated with the mesopores, combined with the high efficiency of mass transport from the macrocellular foam. The catalytic characteristics are discussed in relation to the architectures of the materials, and it is revealed that the macrocellular/mesoporous materials would be an efficient catalyst for CO oxidation.
Focusing Plasmons in Nanoslits for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Chen Chang , Hutchison James Andell , Van Dorpe Pol , Kox Ronald , De Vlaminck Iwijn , Uji‐i Hiroshi , Hofkens Johan , Lagae Liesbet , Maes Guido , Borghs Gustaaf 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe focusing of plasmons to obtain a strong and localized electromagnetic‐field enhancement for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is increasing the interest in using plasmonic devices as molecular sensors. In this Full Paper, we report the successful fabrication and demonstration of a solid‐state plasmonic nanoslit–cavity device equipped with nanoantennas on a freestanding thin silicon membrane as a substrate for SERS. Numerical calculations predict a strong and spatially localized enhancement of the optical field in the nanoslit (6 nm in width) upon irradiation. The predicted enhancement factor of SERS was 5.3 × 105, localized in an area of just 6 × 1.5 nm2. Raman spectroscopy and imaging confirm an enhancement factor of ≈106 for SERS from molecules chemisorbed at the nanoslit, and demonstrate the electromagnetic‐field‐enhancing function of the plasmonic nanoantennas. The freestanding membrane is open on both sides of the nanoslit, offering the potential for through‐slit molecular translocation studies, and opening bright new perspectives for SERS applications in real‐time (bio)chemical analysis.
Neubau der ÖBB‐Donaubrücke Tulln – ein innovatives Brückentragwerk
Authors: Dorrer Günther 
Published: October 2009

Abstract104 Jahre nach ihrer Erbauung wurde die Eisenbahnbrücke der Österreichischen Bundesbahnen (ÖBB) über die Donau in Tulln einer Generalsanierung unterzogen. Als Tragsystem der neuen Brücke wurde eine Fachwerkverbundkonstruktion mit untenliegender Fahrbahn gewählt. Nach nur 16 Monaten Bauzeit konnte mit der Inbetriebnahme im Oktober 2009 ein Stück europäische Brückenbaugeschichte geschrieben werden. Für die Demontage der bestehenden Tragwerke und die Montage des neuen Tragwerks inklusive der Ausrüstung für den Bahnbetrieb stand eine 7‐monatige Streckensperre zur Verfügung. Die Herstellung des Ersatzneubaus des 440 m langen Brückentragwerks unter möglichst geringer Beeinträchtigung des Straßen‐, Bahn‐ und Schiffsverkehrs stellte höchste Anforderungen an den Bauherrn, die Planer und die ARGE Donaubrücke Tulln.Errection of the ÖBB‐Donaubrücke Tulln – an innovative bridge construction.104 years after being built, the railway bridge of the Österreichischen Bundesbahnen (ÖBB) across the Danube at Tulln, Austria, has been completely refurbished. The new bridge is based on a composite over‐deck truss construction. After a construction time of only 16 months, commissioning in October 2009 was the last step in a project that will make European bridge construction history. For the dismantling of the existing supporting structure and the assembly of the new one incl. the railway facilities, the railway line was blocked for 7 months. Replacing the 400‐m long supporting structure while keeping the effects on road, rail and shipping traffic to the lowest possible level put highest demands on owner, planners and ARGE Donaubrücke Tulln.
Ein “Overall‐Konzept” für die Querschnittstragfähigkeit im elasto‐plastischen Bereich
Authors: Kettler Markus , Greiner Richard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEs wird die bereits für andere Tragfähigkeitsprobleme von Bauteilen (Knicken, Beulen) entwickelte “Overall‐Methode” auf die Berechnung der Querschnittstragfähigkeit von Stahlprofilen angewendet. Dies führt zu einer neuen Berechnungsmethode, die den gesamten elasto‐plastischen Bereich ohne die Notwendigkeit einer Klasseneinteilung umfasst. Basierend auf zahlreichen Versuchen und Querschnittsberechnungen mittels geometrisch, materiell nichtlinearer Analysen mit Imperfektionen werden (analog den Knicklinien) Bemessungskurven für die Abminderungsfaktoren vorgeschlagen, die für bestimmte Querschnittstypen wie I‐beziehungsweise H‐Profile oder Rechteck‐Hohlprofile, einen einheitlichen Verlauf im elasto‐plastischen Bereich aufweisen.An overall concept for the cross‐section resistance in the elasto‐plastic range.The “overall method” which has been developed for other load carrying problems of steel members (e.g. lateral member buckling or buckling of shells) is applied to the calculation of the cross‐section resistance of steel members. This leads to a new procedure that covers the whole elasto‐plastic range without the need of cross‐section classification. Based on numerous experimental tests and numerical calculations (GMNIA) design curves for the reduction factors of I‐ and H‐shaped sections and RHS‐sections are proposed that show a consistent transition in the elasto‐plastic range.
Biegeknicken und Biegedrillknicken aus der Haupttragebene
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Naumes Johannes , Sedlacek Gerhard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWährend im Eurocode 3 die Regeln für das Biegeknicken europäisch einheitlich sind, gibt es für die Regeln für das Biegedrillknicken eine Reihe von alternativen Vorschlägen, die von verschiedenen Autoren stammen, nicht konsistent sind und daher durch Öffnungsklauseln national entschieden werden können. In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass Biegeknicken und Biegedrillknicken eine gemeinsame mechanische Grundlage haben, die durch eine für beide Phänomene geltende Imperfektionsannahme und darauf aufbauend durch gleich formulierte Biegeknick‐ und Biegedrillknickkurven beschrieben werden kann. Damit entsteht ein in sich konsistentes klares und einfaches Nachweisverfahren, das durch Kalibration an Versuchsergebnissen nach EN 1990 zuverlässigkeitsmäßig überprüft wurde und in das Sicherheitssystem der Eurocodes passt. Das Verfahren eignet sich für numerische Verfahren und Handberechnungen und ermöglicht auch in einfacher Weise die Berücksichtigung von zusätzlicher Biege‐ und Torsionsbelastung in Biegeknick‐ und Biegedrillknickrichtung.Flexural buckling and lateral torsional buckling out of the main plane.Whereas design rules for flexural buckling in Eurocode 3 based on buckling curves are common for Europe, the design rules for lateral torsional buckling are not; there are various alternative proposals originating from various authors which are not consistent and therefore have been made subject to National decisions by opening notes. This paper demonstrates that flexural buckling and lateral torsional buckling have a common mechanical basis resulting in a single formula for equivalent geometrical imperfections and also in a single formula for flexural and lateral torsional buckling curves derived from these imperfections. In conclusion a consistent, clear and simple method for flexural and lateral torsional buckling assessment is obtained, the reliability of which could be proved to be in conformity with the safety requirement of the Eurocodes by test evaluations according to EN 1990. The method is applicable for numerical assessments (e.g. FEM) as well as for hand calculations and also allows to take additional loading in bending and torsion into account.
Generation of Parthenogenetic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Parthenogenetic Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Do Jeong Tae , Joo Jin Young , Han Dong Wook , Araúzo-Bravo Marcos J. , Kim Min Jung , Greber Boris , Zaehres Holm , Sobek-Klocke Ingeborg , Chung Hyung Min , Schöler Hans R. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Somatic cells can achieve a pluripotent cell state in a process called pluripotential reprogramming. Multipotent stem cells can differentiate into cells of only one lineage, but pluripotent stem cells can give rise to cells of all three germ layers of an organism. In this study, we generated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from bimaternal (uniparental) parthenogenetic neural stem cells (pNSCs) by transduction with either four (4F: Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, and c-Myc) or two (2F: Oct4 and Klf4) transcription factors. The resultant maternal iPS cells, which were reprogrammed directly from pNSCs, were capable of generating germ line-competent chimeras. Interestingly, analysis of global gene expression and imprinting status revealed that parthenogenetic iPS cells clustered closer to parthenogenetic ESCs than to female ESCs, with patterns that were clearly distinct from those of pNSCs.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
CD133 Expression Defines a Tumor Initiating Cell Population in Primary Human Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Curley Michael D. , Therrien Vanessa A. , Cummings Christine L. , Sergent Petra A. , Koulouris Carolyn R. , Friel Anne M. , Roberts Drucilla J. , Seiden Michael V. , Scadden David T. , Rueda Bo R. , Foster Rosemary 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that solid tumors contain a rare phenotypically distinct population of cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSC), which give rise to and maintain the bulk of the tumor. These CSC are thought to be resistant to current chemotherapeutic strategies due to their intrinsic stem-like properties and thus may provide the principal driving force behind recurrent tumor growth. Given the high frequency of recurrent metastasis associated with human ovarian cancer, we sought to determine whether primary human ovarian tumors contain populations of cells with enhanced tumor-initiating capacity, a characteristic of CSC. Using an in vivo serial transplantation model, we show that primary uncultured human ovarian tumors can be reliably propagated in NOD/SCID mice, generating heterogeneous tumors that maintain the histological integrity of the parental tumor. The observed frequency of tumor engraftment suggests only certain subpopulations of ovarian tumor cells have the capacity to recapitulate tumor growth. Further profiling of human ovarian tumors for expression of candidate CSC surface markers indicated consistent expression of CD133. To determine whether CD133 expression could define a tumor-initiating cell population in primary human ovarian tumors, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) methods were employed. Injection of sorted CD133+ and CD133− cell populations into NOD/SCID mice established that tumor-derived CD133+ cells have an increased tumorigenic capacity and are capable of recapitulating the original heterogeneous tumor. Our data indicate that CD133 expression defines a NOD/SCID tumor initiating subpopulation of cells in human ovarian cancer that may be an important target for new chemotherapeutic strategies aimed at eliminating ovarian cancer.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
QoS aware dynamic route optimization for Proxy Mobile IPv6 networks
Authors: Pragad A. Dev , Friderikos Vasilis , Pangalos Paul , Aghvami A. Hamid 
Published: October 2009

AbstractProxy Mobile IPv6 is a network based mobility management solution and was proposed to address the shortcomings of the existing set of mobility management protocols. The presence of local mobility anchors (LMA) in PMIPv6 networks can lead constrained routing and create areas of bottleneck. This is due to all traffic to the mobile nodes (MNs) in the PMIPv6 domain having to flow to and from the LMA. Future IP networks will support a wide variety of sessions ranging for high QoS Video conferencing to FTP and P2P download. Providing the same level of mobility support for all of these sessions can lead to the resources of LMA being drained. To avoid this, we propose the QoS aware Dynamic Route Optimization scheme where the network identifies the lower QoS sessions and establishes a binding update with the correspondant node (CN) rather than with the LMA. To achieve this a flow based binding approach is followed. The level of congestion in the network is also considered as part of the mechanism. To ensure optimal performance of the proposed mechanism, routing policies are proposed. Simulation results show considerable benefit to the network in terms of reduction in blocking probability as well as reduction in tunnelling overhead cost in comparisons to no route optimization (RO) and adaptive route optimization (ARO) being deployed in the PMIPv6 networks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the coherence bandwidth of high‐frequency vehicular communication system with antenna array
Authors: Li Yanli , Duan Xiaohui , Ma Meng , Jiao Bingli 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHigh‐frequency (HF) vehicular communication system works with the frequency‐selective fading channel, thereby the coherence bandwidth is limited due to the multipath time dispersive effect, which imposes the difficulty for achieving the high‐data rate transmission. The present paper investigates the antenna array technique for its ability in reducing the multipath delay spread of the ionosphere channel and, thus, increasing possibly the bandwidth of the HF system. To enable fast moving speed of the vehicular receiver, we propose to use single antenna at the receiver and the adaptive array at the transmitter. The adaptive beamforming is driven based on the protocol design and reciprocity principle of channel. In order to evaluate the performance of array system, a statistical HF double‐directional channel model, which includes angular information at both the transmitter and receiver, is presented. The explicit expressions are obtained for calculating the coherence bandwidth. The numerical results show the efficiency of this approach for mid‐latitude mid‐range channel. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ce2Pt8P: A Phosphido‐platinide with Covalently Bonded Framework Polyanion
Authors: Chizhov Pavel S. , Prots Yurii , Antipov Evgeny V. , Grin Yuri 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe cerium phosphido‐platinide Ce2Pt8P is synthesized by direct reaction of the elements. The crystal structure is considered as an intergrowth of structural segments with the compositions CePt5 (CaCu5‐like) and CePt3P (CePt3B‐like) along [010]. The Pt–Pt and Pt–P distances in the anionic framework are close to the ones found in CePt5 and CePt4P2. Analysis of the chemical bonding in real space reveals the presence of a Pt–P covalently‐bonded polyanion [Pt8P] (consisting of PtPt6 trigonal prisms and PPt5 tetragonal pyramids). Cerium cations are located in the voids of the polyanionic framework. Together with CePt5 (m = 0, n = 1), Ce2Pt8P (m = 1, n = 1) forms a homological series Cen+mPt5n+3mPm. The hypothetical “CePt3P” (m = 1, n = 0) with CePt3B‐type crystal structure is not known to date.
Silicon Encapsulated Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Katar SriLakshmi , Labiosa AzlinBiaggi , Plaud Amairy E , Mosquera-Vargas Edgar , Fonseca Luis , Weiner Brad R , Morell Gerardo 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
A dual stage process of depositing bamboo-like carbon nanotubes (BCNTs) by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) and coating Si using Radio frequency sputtering (RFS) technique. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron field emission studies (EFE). SEM results suggest a dense network of homogeneous silicon-coated BCNTs. From the comprehensive analysis of the results provided by these techniques emerges the picture of Si encapsulated BCNTs.
Dyggve–Melchior–Clausen syndrome: Clinical, genetic, and radiological study of 15 Egyptian patients from nine unrelated families
Authors: Aglan Mona S. , Temtamy Samia A. , Fateen Ekram , Ashour Adel M. , Eldeeb Khamis , Hosny Gamal A. 
Published: October 2009

Introduction Dyggve–Melchior–Clausen (DMC) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive type of skeletal dysplasia. It is characterized by the association of progressive spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD), microcephaly, mental retardation (MR), and coarse facies. The radiographic appearance of generalized platyspondyly with double-humped end plates and the lace-like appearance of iliac crests are pathognomonic and distinctive of DMC syndrome. The disorder results from mutations in the DYM gene mapped in the 18q12-12.1 chromosomal region. Materials and methods In this report, we studied 15 Egyptian cases with DMC syndrome from nine unrelated families. We aimed to emphasize the characteristic clinical and radiological features in order to differentiate the condition from other SEMDs and mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). Patients were subjected to detailed history taking, three-generation family pedigree analysis, complete physical examination, anthropometric measurements, quantitative estimation, and two-dimensional electrophoresis of glycosaminoglycans in the urine and measurement of α-l-iduronidase and galactose-6-sulfatase enzyme activities to exclude Hurler and Morquio diseases (MPS type I and MPS type IVA), respectively. Other investigations were carried out whenever indicated. All patients were the offspring of consanguineous apparently normal parents. Positive family history and similarly affected sibs were noted, confirming the autosomal recessive inheritance pattern of the syndrome. Short stature, microcephaly, variable degree of MR, and coarse facies were constant features. The frequency of characteristic orthopedic and radiological findings was reported. Orthopedic surgical intervention was carried out for two patients. Conclusions The study concluded that DMC syndrome may be more frequent in Egypt than previously thought, especially due to misdiagnosis. Characteristic facial dysmorphism, body habitus, and pathognomonic radiological signs suggest the diagnosis and differentiate it from other types of SEMDs and MPS for proper genetic counseling and management.
Architects of Armageddon: the Home Office Scientific Advisers' Branch and civil defence in Britain, 1945–68
Authors: SMITH MELISSA 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn 1948, in response to the perceived threat of atomic war, the British government embarked on a new civil defence programme. By the mid-1950s, secret government reports were already warning that this programme would be completely inadequate to deal with a nuclear attack. The government responded to these warnings by cutting civil defence spending, while issuing apparently absurd pamphlets advising the public on how they could protect themselves from nuclear attack. Historians have thus far sought to explain this response with reference to high-level decisions taken by policymakers, and have tended to dismiss civil defence advice as mere propaganda. This paper challenges this interpretation by considering the little-known role of the Home Office Scientific Advisers' Branch, a group of experts whose scientific and technical knowledge informed both civil defence policy and advice to the public. It explores both their advisory and research work, demonstrating their role in shaping civil defence policy and showing that detailed research programmes lay behind the much-mocked government civil defence pamphlets of the 1950s and 1960s.
Dietary intake and urinary excretion of lignans in Finnish men
Authors: Nurmi Tarja , Mursu Jaakko , Peñalvo José L. , Poulsen Henrik E. , Voutilainen Sari 
Published: October 2009

Intake of lignans has been assessed in different study populations, but so far none of the studies has compared the daily intake of lignans and the urinary excretion of plant and enterolignans. We assessed the intake of lariciresinol, pinoresinol, secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol in 100 Finnish men consuming their habitual omnivorous diet, and measured the 24 h urinary excretion of plant and enterolignans to compare the intake and metabolism. Dietary determinants of lignan intake and their urinary excretion were also determined. The mean intake of lignans was 1224 (sd 539) μg/d, of which lariciresinol and pinoresinol covered 78 %. Almost half (47 %) of the intake of lignans was explained by the intake of rye products, berries, coffee, tea and roots. The urinary excretion of plant lignans corresponded to 17 % and enterolignans to 92 % of the intake of lignans. The urinary excretion of plant lignans was explained 14 % by the intake of rye products and intake of coffee, and consequently 3–7 % by the intake of water-insoluble fibre. The urinary excretion of enterolactone was explained 11 % by the intake of vegetables and rye products, 14 % by the intake of water-soluble fibre and only 4 % by the intake of lariciresinol. Although the assessed intake of lignans corresponded well with the urinary excretion of lignans, the enterolactone production in the human body depended more on the dietary sources of lignans than the absolute intake of lignans.