bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black-skies planning? Prioritising mental health services in times of austerity
Authors: McDaid David , Knapp Martin 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDuring the period of austerity that we now face, the National Health Service (NHS), including mental health services, will have to make efficiency savings at a time when demand for services is likely to rise. It is critical to highlight that investment in evidence-based prevention, early intervention and treatment for mental disorders can have economic benefits that go far beyond the health sector. Many potential areas for efficiency savings, such as resources invested in management and administration, are relevant across the whole of the health system. The economic downturn may, however, also present a specific opportunity for radical innovation within the mental health system.
Cognitive-behavioural skills training for medical students: development and evaluation
Authors: Kearley Karen , Croft Alison 
Published: May 2010

Aims and methodThe effective management of patients with anxiety, depression or somatisation, who commonly present across all medical disciplines, requires an understanding of both pharmacological and psychological approaches such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). However, there is little research addressing effective ways of delivering CBT training that is relevant for doctors. We provided CBT skills training that included supervised casework to medical students at Oxford University and assessed participants' experiences.ResultsThe training was feasible, sustainable and highly valued. Students reported marked improvements in knowledge and skills related to CBT and felt more convinced of its effectiveness for patients and its relevance for doctors. They also gained generic medical skills and an increased understanding of mental health problems.Clinical implicationsSupervised casework appears to be an effective format for learning. It allowed students enhanced responsibility for patient care and an opportunity to practise using cognitive-behavioural strategies, some of which would be transferable to medical consultations.
Deprivation of liberty: Mental Capacity Act safeguards versus the Mental Health Act
Authors: Cairns Ruth , Richardson Genevra , Hotopf Matthew 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Mental Capacity Act deprivation of liberty safeguards have been criticised for their complexity and unclear interface with existing mental health law. The new legislation, which was implemented in April 2009, is likely to pose a challenge to clinical teams.
Coercion in psychiatric care: where are we now, what do we know, where do we go?
Authors: Newton-Howes Giles 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCoercion is a subjective response to a particular intervention and has been considered an unfortunate but necessary part of the care of people with psychiatric illness. Its ethical underpinnings, evidence base and clinical implications are not commonly considered in day-to-day care; however, this requires reconsideration as the potential for an increase in coercion stretches beyond the boundaries of the hospital into the community. Much of the research that has been undertaken highlights the prevalence of coercion, the ‘grey zone’ between compulsory interventions and the experience of patients and patient outcomes in the light of coercion. Policy makers need to consider the evidence for interventions that increase the experience of coercion in order to reduce its impact. Clinicians need to understand the principles of procedural justice, minimise the use of legal detention and be mindful that implied consent for one intervention may lead to experiences of coercion involving linked management strategies.
Zirconium-substituted Hexaaluminates La0.8ZrxNiAl11O19−δ for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Dong , Zhou Guangdong , Cheng Tiexin 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A study on zirconium-modified hexaaluminates La0.8ZrxNiAl11O19−δ (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10) for CO2 reforming of CH4 was carried out. The modifier zirconium improved the catalytic activity, especially the conversions of CH4 and CO2 reached 93.4% and 97.7% over La0.8Zr0.04NiAl11O19−δ. Both the XPS and TPR data indicated the presence of Ni3+ and Ni2+. It was found that the Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio depended upon the amount of the Zr, which facilitated the formation of highly dispersed active Ni0 species.
Racemization-free Monomer: α-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid from Bio-based Lactic Acid
Authors: Watanabe Kohtaro , Andou Yoshito , Shirai Yosihito , Nishida Haruo 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In order to solve the important problem of the racemization of poly(l-lactic acid), a high yield of racemization-free monomer: a-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) was synthesized from bio-based lactic acid by methylation using specific bases with bulky side groups. Obtained HIBA can be converted into poly(tetramethylglycolide), which is racemization-free and has higher melting and glass transition points than poly(l-lactic acid).
Synthesis, Structure, and Reaction of Tetraethyldilithiostannole
Authors: Saito Masaichi , Kuwabara Takuya , Kambayashi Chika , Yoshioka Michikazu , Ishimura Kazuya , Nagase Shigeru 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Reduction of tetraethyldiphenylstannole 3 with lithium afforded tetraethyldilithiostannole 2, and its considerable aromatic character was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis and theoretical calculations. Reaction of 2 with t-butyl chloride provided 1,1′-dilithiobistannole 4. This reaction mode is different from that of dilithiotetraphenylstannole 1 and is of considerable interest.
Cyclopropanation of Olefins with Diazo Compounds Catalyzed by a Dicopper-substituted Silicotungstate [γ-H2SiW10O36Cu2(μ-1,1-N3)2]4−
Authors: Kamata Keigo , Kimura Toshihiro , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The dicopper-substituted γ-Keggin silicotungstate (TBA)4[γ-H2SiW10O36CuII2(μ-1,1-N3)2] (I, TBA = tetra-n-butylammonium) could act as an efficient precatalyst for the chemoselective cylopropanation of olefins with diazo compounds. Various kinds of olefins were efficiently converted to the corresponding cyclopropane derivatives in good yields.
Photocatalytic Oxidation of Aqueous Ammonia in the Presence of Oxygen over Platinum-loaded TiO2
Authors: Mikami Ikko , Aoki Satoshi , Miura Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The oxidation of aqueous ammonia over a platinum-loaded TiO2 photocatalyst was investigated for the purpose of purifying waste water. The reaction rate for the decomposition of aqueous ammonia was significantly increased by the addition of oxygen to the reaction system. Selectivity for nitrite and nitrate, which should be minimized, was reduced when oxygen was added at lower pressure or a higher concentration of ammonia was used.
Synthesis and Characterization of Chloride-incorporated Dodecavanadate from Dicopper Complex of Macrocyclic Octadecavanadate
Authors: Kurata Taisei , Hayashi Yoshihito , Isobe Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A chloride-incorporated dodecavanadate, [V12O32(Cl)]5− (1) has been synthesized from a dicopper macrocyclic complex, [Cu2V8O24]4− (2). By using hydrogen cyanide with a chloride guest anion, two copper cations are removed and the presence of chloride anion template affords a new bowl-shaped dodecavanadate, 1, with chloride anion at the center. The 1:1 mixture of 1 and [V12O32(CH3CN)]4− (3) in acetonitrile shows no 51V NMR signal scrambling at room temperature suggesting the tight binding of the chloride anion inside the anionic bowl molecule. The dissociation of the chloride anion was only observed at higher temperatures.
Semiartificial Polysaccharide Can Provide a Unique Nanospace for the Construction of Supramolecular Dye-assembly
Authors: Sugikawa Kouta , Numata Munenori , Sada Kazuki , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We have revealed unique template effects of a semiartificial polysaccharide on the self-assembly of anionic cyanine dyes. The inner space of the polysaccharide acts not only as a nanotemplate for the dye assembly but also as a protective space from unfavorable photobleaching.
Amine-buffered Phase Separating Tetraethoxysilane–Water Binary Mixture: A Simple Precursor of Sol–Gel Derived Monolithic Silica Gels and Glasses
Authors: Kuwatani Shungo , Maehana Ryohei , Kajihara Koichi , Kanamura Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Amines are used as pH control agents to form macroporous silica gels utilizing macroscopic phase separation of acid-catalyzed tetraethoxysilane–water binary mixture. The wide pKa variety of amines from basic to acidic regions is suitable to buffer the solution at neutral pH range, at which the phase separation becomes prominent. This method allows monolithic silica gels and glasses to be prepared reproducibly from alkoxide-based solutions with minimal use of pH control agents.
Muscle healing and nerve regeneration in a muscle contusion model in the rat
Authors: Khattak M. J. , Ahmad T. , Rehman R. , Umer M. , Hasan S. H. , Ahmed M. 
Published: May 2010

The nervous system is known to be involved in inflammation and repair. We aimed to determine the effect of physical activity on the healing of a muscle injury and to examine the pattern of innervation. Using a drop-ball technique, a contusion was produced in the gastrocnemius in 20 rats. In ten the limb was immobilised in a plaster cast and the remaining ten had mobilisation on a running wheel. The muscle and the corresponding dorsal-root ganglia were studied by histological and immunohistochemical methods.In the mobilisation group, there was a significant reduction in lymphocytes (p = 0.016), macrophages (p = 0.008) and myotubules (p = 0.008) between three and 21 days. The formation of myotubules and the density of nerve fibres was significantly higher (both p = 0.016) compared with those in the immobilisation group at three days, while the density of CGRP-positive fibres was significantly lower (p = 0.016) after 21 days.Mobilisation after contusional injury to the muscle resulted in early and increased formation of myotubules, early nerve regeneration and progressive reduction in inflammation, suggesting that it promoted a better healing response.
Ulnar translocation after excision of a Campanacci grade-3 giant-cell tumour of the distal radius
Authors: Puri A. , Gulia A. , Agarwal M. G. , Reddy K. 
Published: May 2010

Between June 2005 and March 2008, 14 patients with a Campanacci grade-3 giant-cell tumour of the distal radius were treated by en bloc resection and reconstruction by ulnar translocation with arthrodesis of the wrist. The mean length of radius resected was 7.9 cm (5.5 to 15). All the patients were followed to bony union and 12 were available at a mean follow-up of 26 months (10 to 49). The mean time to union was four months (3 to 7) at the ulnocarpal junction and five months (3 to 8) at the ulnoradial junction. All except one patient had an excellent range of pronation and supination. The remaining patient developed a radio-ulnar synostosis. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 26 (87%, range 20 to 28). Three patients had a soft-tissue recurrence, but with no bony involvement. They underwent a further excision and are currently well and free from disease. Ulnar translocation provides a local vascularised bone graft to reconstruct the defect left after excision of the distal radius for giant cell tumour. It avoids the need for a microvascular procedure while retaining rotation of the forearm and good function of the hand.
Femoral diaphyseal endoprosthetic reconstruction after segmental resection of primary bone tumours
Authors: Hanna S. A. , Sewell M. D. , Aston W. J. S. , Pollock R. C. , Skinner J. A. , Cannon S. R. , Briggs T. W. R. 
Published: May 2010

Segmental resection of malignant bone disease in the femoral diaphysis with subsequent limb reconstruction is a major undertaking. This is a retrospective review of 23 patients who had undergone limb salvage by endoprosthetic replacement of the femoral diaphysis for a primary bone tumour between 1989 and 2005. There were 16 males and seven females, with a mean age of 41.3 years (10 to 68). The mean overall follow-up was for 97 months (3 to 240), and 120 months (42 to 240) for the living patients. The cumulative patient survival was 77% (95% confidence interval 63% to 95%) at ten years. Survival of the implant, with failure of the endoprosthesis as an endpoint, was 85% at five years and 68% (95% confidence interval 42% to 92%) at ten years. The revision rate was 22% and the overall rate of re-operation was 26%. Complications included deep infection (4%), breakage of the prosthesis (8%), periprosthetic fracture (4%), aseptic loosening (4%), local recurrence (4%) and metastases (17%). The 16 patients who retained their diaphyseal endoprosthesis had a mean Musculoskeletal Tumour Society score of 87% (67% to 93%). They were all able to comfortably perform most activities of daily living. Femoral diaphyseal endoprosthetic replacement is a viable option for reconstruction following segmental resection of malignant bone disease. It allows immediate weight-bearing, is associated with a good long-term functional outcome, has an acceptable complication and revision rate and, most importantly, does not appear to compromise patient survival.
Pronating osteotomy of the radius for forearm supination contracture in high-level tetraplegic patients
Authors: Coulet B. , Boretto J. G. , Allieu Y. , Fattal C. , Laffont I. , Chammas M. 
Published: May 2010

We report the results of performing a pronating osteotomy of the radius, coupled with other soft-tissue procedures, as part of an upper limb functional surgery programme in tetraplegic patients with supination contractures. In total 12 patients were reviewed with a mean follow-up period of 60 months (12 to 109). Pre-operatively, passive movement ranged from a mean of 19.2° pronation (−70° to 80°) to 95.8° supination (80° to 140°). A pronating osteotomy of the radius was then performed with release of the interosseous membrane. Extension of the elbow was restored postoperatively in 11 patients, with key-pinch reconstruction in nine. At the final follow-up every patient could stabilise their hand in pronation, with a mean active range of movement of 79.6° (60° to 90°) in pronation and 50.4° (0° to 90°) in supination. No complications were observed. The mean strength of extension of the elbow was 2.7 (2 to 3) MRC grading. Pronating osteotomy stabilises the hand in pronation while preserving supination, if a complete release of the interosseous membrane is also performed. This technique fits well into surgical programmes for enhancing upper limb function.
The orthopaedic manifestations and management of children with Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Hassan A. , Whately C. , Letts M. 
Published: May 2010

Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome is an autosomal-recessive disorder characterised by bowing of the long bones, progressive scoliosis, episodic hyperthermia and respiratory distress, usually resulting in death in infancy. We reviewed five children with the condition who had been followed since birth and who survived into childhood with a mean age at operation of 7.8 years (5 to 14). There was marked functional impairment with dysplasia of the long bones and scoliosis. Treatment of the triplanar deformities of the femora involved the use of the Ilizarov technique with the Taylor Spatial Frame. Walking was preserved and improved in three children along with considerable enhancement of the appearance. Early insertion of a growing rod to control the progressive juvenile scoliosis was beneficial. The use of the Taylor Spatial Frame is strongly recommended to address the major complex deformities of the lower limbs which are encountered in this condition and to prevent their progression.
Effect of Mitomycin-C on post-operative adhesions in tendon surgery
Authors: Kocaoglu B. , Agir I. , Nalbantoglu U. , Karahan M. , Türkmen M. 
Published: May 2010

We investigated the effect of mitomycin-C on the reduction of the formation of peritendinous fibrous adhesions after tendon repair. In 20 Wistar albino rats the tendo Achillis was cut and repaired using a modified Kessler technique. The rats were divided into two equal groups. In group 1, an injection of mitomycin-C was placed between the tendon and skin of the right leg. In group 2, an identical volume of sterile normal saline was injected on the left side in a similar fashion. All the rats received mitomycin-C or saline for four weeks starting from the day of operation. The animals were killed after 30 days. The formation of peritendinous fibrous tissue, the inflammatory reaction and tendon healing were evaluated. The tensile strength of the repaired tendons was measured biomechanically. Microscopic evidence of the formation of adhesions and inflammation was less in group 1. There was no significant difference in the tensile load required to rupture the repaired tendons in the two groups.Mitomycin-C may therefore provide a simple and inexpensive means of preventing of post-operative adhesions.
Radiological outcome analysis of transtrochanteric curved varus osteotomy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head at a mean follow-up of 12.4 years
Authors: Zhao G. , Yamamoto T. , Ikemura S. , Motomura G. , Mawatari T. , Nakashima Y. , Iwamoto Y. 
Published: May 2010

We investigated the factors related to the radiological outcome of a transtrochanteric curved varus osteotomy in patients with osteonecrosis of the hip. We reviewed 73 hips in 62 patients with a mean follow-up of 12.4 years (5 to 31.1). There were 28 men and 34 women, with a mean age of 33.3 years (15 to 68) at the time of surgery. The 73 hips were divided into two groups according to their radiological findings: group 1 showed progression of collapse and/or joint-space narrowing; group 2 had neither progressive collapse nor joint-space narrowing. Both of these factors and the radiological outcomes were analysed by a stepwise discriminant analysis. A total of 12 hips were categorised as group 1 and 61 as group 2. Both the post-operative intact ratio and the localisation of the necrotic lesion correlated with the radiological outcome. The cut-off point of the postoperative intact ratio to prevent the progression of collapse was 33.6%, and the cut-off point to prevent both the progression of collapse and joint-space narrowing was 41.9%. The results of this study indicate that a post-operative intact ratio of 33.0% is necessary if a satisfactory outcome is to be achieved after this varus osteotomy.
Long-term outcome of a cementless, hemispherical, press-fit acetabular component
Authors: Emms N. W. , Stockley I. , Hamer A. J. , Wilkinson J. M. 
Published: May 2010

Between 1988 and 1998 we implanted 318 total hip replacements (THRs) in 287 patients using the Plasmacup (B. Braun Ltd, Sheffield, United Kingdom) and a conventional metal-on-polyethylene articulation. The main indications for THR were primary or secondary osteoarthritis. At follow-up after a mean 11.6 years (7.6 to 18.4) 17 patients had died and 20 could not be traced leaving a final series of 280 THRs in 250 patients. There were 62 revisions (22.1%) in 59 patients. A total of 43 acetabular shells (15.4%) had been revised and 13 (4.6%) had undergone exchange of the liner. The most frequent indications for revision were osteolysis and aseptic loosening, followed by polyethylene wear. The mean Kaplan-Meier survival of the Plasmacup was 91% at ten years and 58% at 14 years. Osteolysis was found around 36 (17.1%) of the 211 surviving shells. The median annual rate of linear wear in the surviving shells was 0.12 mm/year and 0.25 mm/year in those which had been revised (p < 0.001). Polyethylene wear was a strong independent risk factor for osteolysis and aseptic loosening. The percentage of patients with osteolysis increased proportionately with each quintile of wear-rate. There is a high late rate of failure of the Plasmacup. Patients with the combination of this prosthesis and bearing should be closely monitored after ten years.
Lateral subvastus approach with osteotomy of the tibial tubercle for total knee replacement
Authors: Hay G. C. , Kampshoff J. , Kuster M. S. 
Published: May 2010

The lateral subvastus approach combined with an osteotomy of the tibial tubercle is a recognised, but rarely used approach for total knee replacement (TKR). A total of 32 patients undergoing primary TKR was randomised into two groups, in one of which the lateral subvastus approach combined with a tibial tubercle osteotomy and in the other the medial parapatellar approach were used. The patients were assessed radiologically and clinically using measurement of the range of movement, a visual analogue patient satisfaction score, the Western Ontario McMasters University Osteoarthritis Index and the American Knee Society score. Four patients were lost to the complete follow-up at two years. At two years there were no significant differences between the groups in any of the parameters for clinical outcome. In the lateral approach group there was one complication due to displacement of the tibial tubercle osteotomy and two osteotomies took more than six months to unite. In the medial approach group, one patient had a partial tear of the quadriceps. There was a significantly greater incidence of lateral patellar subluxation in the medial approach group (3 of 12) compared with the lateral approach group (0 of 16) (p = 0.034), but without any apparent clinical detriment. We conclude that the lateral approach with tibial tubercle osteotomy is a safe technique with an outcome comparable with that of the medial parapatellar approach for TKR, but the increased surgical time and its specific complications do not support its routine use. It would seem to be more appropriate to reserve this technique for patients in whom problems with patellar tracking are anticipated.
Minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 and HA-2 polymorphisms in Taiwan: frequency and application in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Lio Hoi-Yan , Tang Jih-Luh , Wu Jui , Wu Shang-Ju , Lin Chun-Ying , Yang Ya-Chien 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Background: Minor histocompatibility antigens influence the occurrence of graft-vs.-host disease and graft-vs.-leukemia effects after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We determined the population frequencies of HA-1 and HA-2 alleles in Taiwan and exploited their potential applications in allogeneic HSCT.

Methods: HA-1 and HA-2 were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism in healthy controls (221 for HA-1 and 306 for HA-2) and HLA-matched donor-recipient sibling pairs with HSCT (92 for HA-1 and 38 for HA-2). The association of genetic polymorphisms with HSCT outcome was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results: The allele frequencies in controls were 35.3% and 64.7% for HA-1

H
and HA-1

R
, and 89.0% and 11.0% for HA-2

V
and HA-2

M
, respectively. HA-1 disparity was denoted in 16.3% of HLA-matched donor-recipient sibling pairs, while it was not associated with HSCT outcome. HA-2 disparity was not observed in the donor-recipient pairs studied. The possibilities of using HA-1 and HA-2 variabilities as molecular markers for hematopoietic chimerism after HSCT were 39.2% and 18.4%, respectively.

Conclusions: Our data provide the information on allele and genotype frequencies of HA-1 and HA-2 in a Taiwanese population, and suggest that prospective genomic typing for HA-1 and HA-2 alleles of the donor and recipient could be a useful approach for molecular identification of hematopoietic chimerism after HSCT, rather than prognosis of clinical outcome.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1287–93.