bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disordered Eating and Group Membership Among Members of a Pro‐anorexic Online Community
Authors: Rodgers Rachel F. , Skowron Sabrina , Chabrol Henri 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore motivations to become a member of a French‐language ‘pro‐ana’ online community, perceptions of support provided by other members and the nature of the information provided.MethodA sample of 29 members of an online community were assessed for disordered eating and responded to open‐ended questions exploring perceptions of the online community.ResultsAll participants reported high levels of disordered eating (Eating Attitudes Test > 30). The main motive for joining the online community was to be provided with both advice regarding weight loss and support. The majority of them equated thinness with happiness and were satisfied with their membership. Participants also described the types of advice that they had received concerning weight loss.ConclusionsMembers of pro‐ana online communities are likely to display high levels of disordered eating. Furthermore, membership to the online community was motivated not only by weight concerns but also by the support provided. Our findings confirmed the role of these online communities in encouraging harmful weight‐loss and weight‐control practices. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Reluctance to Recover in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Nordbø Ragnfrid H. S. , Espeset Ester M. S. , Gulliksen Kjersti S. , Skårderud Finn , Geller Josie , Holte Arne 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveReluctance to recover may explain poor treatment outcome and high dropout and relapse rates in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN). This study systematically explored what AN patients describe as interfering with their wish to recover.MethodTwo independent samples of women with AN (totalN = 36) were interviewed in‐depth using a phenomenological study design. Interviews were tape recorded, transcribed and analysed usingQSR‐NVivo7(QSR International, Melbourne, Australia) software.ResultsSeven core obstacles were found to interfere with informants' wish to recover as follows: (i) ‘perceiving judgements’; (ii) ‘feeling stuck’; (iii) ‘feeling distressed’; (iv) ‘denying AN’; (v) ‘eating’; (vi) ‘gaining weight’; and (vii) ‘appreciating the benefits’.ConclusionThe wish to recover is an autonomously based, fundamental motivational requirement for becoming ready to change. Understanding factors that contribute to this wish adds to the clinician's toolbox in motivational work with AN patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Psychometric Evaluation of SAFA P Test for Eating Disorders in Adolescents: Comparative Validation with EDI‐2
Authors: Pellicciari Alessandro , Gualandi Stefano , Iero Luisa , Monti Morena , Di Pietro Elena , Sacrato Leonardo , Gualandi Paola , Franzoni Emilio 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates the psychometric properties of self‐administered psychiatric scale for children and adolescents with psychogenic eating disorders (SAFA P)—a brief self‐report designed to screen and assess eating disorders (ED) in children and adolescents. Although SAFA P belongs to a broad battery of tests (SAFA) that explores different psychiatric conditions, it has not undergone appropriate validation until now.MethodWe administered SAFA P and Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI‐2) to 87 ED patients, with an average age of 15.4 ± 1.6 years.ResultsThe internal reliability of SAFA P is good (Cronbach α = .776). Convergent validity with EDI‐2 was assessed: both SAFA P subscale P1 (p < .005) and EDI‐2 subscale bulimia (p < .001) showed a statistically significant difference among the three diagnostic categories (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified). Sensibility and specificity range from 62 to 91%, depending on the subscales. McNemar's test did not reveal statistically significant differences in assessing the concordance of the two measures. Statistically significant correlations were found between specific couples of subscales (p < .001).ConclusionsCross‐validation with EDI‐2 showed good results. SAFA P may be an alternative, useful and reliable instrument for assessing cursory ED in childhood and adolescence. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Conducting site-specific assessments of selenium bioaccumulation in aquatic systems
Authors: Ohlendorf Harry M , Covington Sean M , Byron Earl R , Arenal Christine A 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a chemical of concern at many locations across North America and elsewhere, and site-specific conditions are important when evaluating its bioaccumulation and effects in aquatic ecosystems. Most regulatory criteria and guidelines are based on waterborne Se concentrations. In contrast, the draft water quality chronic criterion of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is based on Se concentrations in whole-body fish, and current information suggests the agency will issue a new draft criterion based in part on fish egg and/or ovary Se concentrations. However, implementation guidance is not available from the agency for either of these tissue-based criteria. Therefore, we describe a phased approach for field and laboratory assessments of Se bioaccumulation in fish and aquatic-dependent birds that can be applied in different environmental settings with the goal of developing and interpreting a tissue-based Se value. We recommend here the use of decision trees, conceptual models, and data quality objectives toward defining what should be done during the assessment, plus sampling and monitoring procedures for the assessment. First, available tissue or waterborne Se concentrations should be compared to tissue residue guidelines or adopted water quality criteria and guidelines. When needed, reproductive toxicity testing and assessment of fish populations should also be conducted in the area of interest. In addition, extensive data on the effects of Se on fish and bird species have been developed, and describing the associations between fish or bird egg tissue, aqueous Se, and potential effects is important for sites where Se may be a concern. Selenium bioaccumulation and toxicity also are of concern for amphibians and oviparous reptiles, but interpretive information is very limited for those species. Recent science indicates that effects are more strongly related to tissue concentrations of Se (especially in the eggs or ovaries of oviparous vertebrates) than to waterborne concentrations. Overall, we conclude that the approach for site-specific assessment must be flexible enough to allow what is appropriate for the situation. Furthermore, risk management and remediation decisions should be based on combined biology and chemistry data, using multiple lines of evidence in the assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:314–324. © 2011 SETAC
Sugars in diet and risk of cancer in the NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Study
Authors: Tasevska Nataša , Jiao Li , Cross Amanda J. , Kipnis Victor , Subar Amy F. , Hollenbeck Albert , Schatzkin Arthur , Potischman Nancy 
Published: February 2011

AbstractProspective epidemiologic data on the effects of different types of dietary sugars on cancer incidence have been limited. In this report, we investigated the association of total sugars, sucrose, fructose, added sugars, added sucrose and added fructose in the diet with risk of 24 malignancies. Participants (n = 435,674) aged 50–71 years from the NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Study were followed for 7.2 years. The intake of individual sugars was assessed using a 124‐item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in multivariable models adjusted for confounding factors pertinent to individual cancers. We identified 29,099 cancer cases in men and 13,355 cases in women. In gender‐combined analyses, added sugars were positively associated with risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (HRQ5 vs. Q1: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.07–2.45; ptrend = 0.01), added fructose was associated with risk of small intestine cancer (HRQ5 vs. Q1: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.16–4.16; ptrend = 0.009) and all investigated sugars were associated with increased risk of pleural cancer. In women, all investigated sugars were inversely associated with ovarian cancer. We found no association between dietary sugars and risk of colorectal or any other major cancer. Measurement error in FFQ‐reported dietary sugars may have limited our ability to obtain more conclusive findings. Statistically significant associations observed for the rare cancers are of interest and warrant further investigation.
Galbanic acid decreases androgen receptor abundance and signaling and induces G1 arrest in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Yong , Kim Kwan‐Hyun , Zhang Wei , Guo Yinglu , Kim Sung‐Hoon , Lü Junxuan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) signaling is crucial for the genesis and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). We compared the growth responses of AR(+) LNCaP and LNCaP C4‐2 vs. AR(−) DU145 and PC‐3 PCa cell lines to galbanic acid (GBA) isolated from the resin of medicinal herb Ferula assafoetida and assessed their connection to AR signaling and cell cycle regulatory pathways. Our results showed that GBA preferentially suppressed AR(+) PCa cell growth than AR(−) PCa cells. GBA induced a caspase‐mediated apoptosis that was attenuated by a general caspase inhibitor. Subapoptotic GBA downregulated AR protein in LNCaP cells primarily through promoting its proteasomal degradation, and inhibited AR‐dependent transcription without affecting AR nuclear translocation. Whereas docking simulations predicted binding of GBA to the AR ligand binding domain with similarities and differences with the AR antagonist drug bicalutamide (Bic), LNCaP cell culture assays did not detect agonist activity of GBA. GBA and Bic exerted greater than additive inhibitory effect on cell growth when used together. Subapoptotic GBA induced G1 arrest associated with an inhibition of cyclin/CDK4/6 pathway, especially cyclin D1 without the causal involvement of cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitory proteins P21Cip1 and P27Kip1. In summary, the novelty of GBA as an anti‐AR compound resides in the distinction between GBA and Bic with respect to AR protein turnover and a lack of agonist effect. Our observations of anti‐AR and cell cycle arrest actions plus the anti‐angiogenesis effect reported elsewhere suggest GBA as a multitargeting drug candidate for the prevention and therapy of PCa.
IGFBP7 downregulation is associated with tumor progression and clinical outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tomimaru Yoshito , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Wada Hiroshi , Kobayashi Shogo , Marubashi Shigeru , Tanemura Masahiro , Umeshita Koji , Kim Tonsok , Wakasa Kenichi , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: February 2011

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) functions in several cellular processes including proliferation, senescence and apoptosis. This study analyzed IGFBP7 function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by gene manipulation and investigated the prognostic significance of IGFBP7 expression in clinical HCC samples. In this study, we investigated changes in malignant potential such as cell growth and invasiveness in an HCC cell line, PLC/PRF/5, after transfection with shRNA against IGFBP7. The extent of apoptosis and cell cycle progression were examined after the transfection. The correlation between immunohistochemically determined IGFBP7 expression and long‐term postoperative prognosis after curative resection was also investigated in clinical HCC specimens obtained from 104 patients. PLC/PRF/5 cells transfected with shRNA against IGFBP7 showed significantly more rapid growth and stronger invasiveness than control cells. Annexin V assays showed that the IGFBP7‐depleted cells were significantly more resistant to apoptosis than the control cells, and showed decreased expression of cleaved caspase‐3 and PARP. Cell cycle progression was more rapid in the IGFBP7‐suppressed cells. In clinical HCC specimens, IGFBP7 expression was judged as positive in 67 patients (64.4%) and negative in the remaining 37 patients (35.6%). The IGFBP7 downregulation correlated significantly with poor postoperative prognosis, and IGFBP7 status was identified as an independent significant prognostic factor. Our results indicated that IGFBP7 expression correlated significantly with the malignant potential in HCC cells, suggesting that the expression could be a useful prognostic marker for HCC.
Counterion Interaction and Association in Metal‐Oxide Cluster Macroanionic Solutions and the Consequent Self‐Assembly
Authors: Yin Panchao , Li Dong , Liu Tianbo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe interaction between large metal‐oxide polyanions and their counterions is unique. Owing to their size disparity, there is a moderate ion‐pairing effect and loose distribution of counterions around macroions, which leads to the unique solution behavior and the self‐assembly of the macroions in polar solvents, and the counterion exchange capability around macroions. Furthermore, the macroion–counterion interaction also affects the catalytic behavior of the polyoxometalate (POM) clusters. Replacement of functionalized cations helps to modify the POM anions through static charge attraction. At the same time, the strong POM–counterion interaction can also lead to counterion‐dependent synthesis. Recent developments on theoretical simulations help to understand this interaction at the molecular scale. This review summarizes the chronological progress of the exploration of macroion–counterion interaction (both theoretically and experimentally) and its impact on related research fields.
The frequency structure matrix: A representation of color filter arrays
Authors: Li Yan , Hao Pengwei , Lin Zhouchen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article introduces the frequency structure matrix as a new representation of color filter arrays (CFAs). The matrix records the frequency components of CFA filtered images and their positions in the spectrum. The matrix can be conveniently obtained by applying the symbolic DFT to the CFA pattern. With this new representation, it is easy to analyze the characteristics of CFAs and to formulate the CFA design as an optimization problem. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 21, 101–106, 2011.
Local image segmentation with geometric filters
Authors: Veelaert Peter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe propose a mathematical framework for designing filter banks that detect simple geometric features in an image, such as the planarity of the intensity function. Several theoretical results are given on how the geometry of the filters is related to the discriminative power of the filter bank. The experiment results show how the filters can be used to perform a fast segmentation of an image patch into planar segments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 21, 3–13, 2011.
A new algorithm for triangulation from cross sections and its application to surface area estimation
Authors: Wiederhold Petra , Villafuerte Mario 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article proposes a new heuristic (locally determined) algorithm for the triangulation between point sequences representing cross‐sectional contours of a surface. Such point sequence is required to be the set of vertices of a polygon representing a Jordan curve and approximating the contour. The algorithm which is applied directly to the whole point sequence, is very simple since it is based on comparisons between coordinates within a plane. The triangulation algorithm is applied to surface area estimation, where we use the polygonal approximations of cross sectional contours given by the sequences of MLP (minimal length polygon) vertices or of DSS (maximal digital straight segments) vertices. The test surfaces of known area are ellipsoids of revolution and hyperboloids of one sheet. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 21, 58–66, 2011.
Measure of straight lines for digital contour analysis
Authors: Coeurjolly David , Sivignon Isabelle 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn digital geometry, objects such as digital straight lines can be considered as equivalent classes of Euclidean straight lines with respect to a digitization process. This article investigates the analysis of the set of straight lines whose digitization is a given digital straight segment with the help of tools from integral geometry. After a definition of a measure on such sets, we illustrate several applications of it in digital geometry for contour analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 21, 67–75, 2011.
Optimal consensus set for digital line and plane fitting
Authors: Zrour Rita , Kenmochi Yukiko , Talbot Hugues , Buzer Lilian , Hamam Yskandar , Shimizu Ikuko , Sugimoto Akihiro 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article presents a new method for fitting a digital line or plane to a given set of points in a 2D or 3D image in the presence of noise by maximizing the number of inliers, namely the consensus set. By using a digital model instead of a continuous one, we show that we can generate all possible consensus sets for model fitting. We present a deterministic algorithm that efficiently searches the optimal solution with time complexity O(Nd log N) for dimension d, where d = 2,3, together with space complexity O(N) where N is the number of points. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 21, 45–57, 2011.
Cubical cohomology ring of 3D photographs
Authors: Gonzalez‐Diaz Rocio , Jimenez Maria Jose , Medrano Belen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCohomology groups and the cohomology ring of three‐dimensional (3D) objects are topological invariants that characterize holes and their relations. Cohomology ring has been traditionally computed on simplicial complexes. Nevertheless, cubical complexes deal directly with the voxels in 3D images, no additional triangulation is necessary. This could facilitate efficient algorithms for the computation of topological invariants in the image context. In this article, we present a constructive process, made up by several algorithms, to compute the cohomology ring of 3D binary‐valued digital photographs represented by cubical complexes. Starting from a cubical complex Q that represents such a 3D picture whose foreground has one connected component, we first compute the homological information on the boundary of the object, ∂Q, by an incremental technique; using a face reduction algorithm, we then compute it on the whole object; finally, applying explicit formulas for cubical complexes (without making use of any additional triangulation), the cohomology ring is computed from such information. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 21, 76–85, 2011.
Topology preserving parallel thinning algorithms
Authors: Németh Gábor , Palágyi Kálmán 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThinning is an iterative object reduction technique for extracting medial curves from binary objects. During a thinning process, some border points that satisfy certain topological and geometric constraints are deleted in iteration steps. Parallel thinning algorithms are composed of parallel reduction operators that delete a set of object points simultaneously. This article presents 21 parallel thinning algorithms for (8,4) binary pictures that are derived from the sufficient conditions for topology preservation accommodated to the three parallel thinning approaches. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 21, 37–44, 2011.
A soft‐tissue coupling for wound closure
Authors: Melvin Alan J. , Melvin David B. , Kitzmiller William J. , Fath Kyle R. , Biddinger Paul W. , Juncosa‐Melvin Natalia 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWounds often cannot be successfully closed by conventional means of closure such as sutures or staples. Our group developed the FiberSecure™ device to close soft tissue wounds reliably, surpassing native tissue strength. We closed cross‐fiber muscle incisions, to evaluate (1) four different configurations of FiberSecure™ for 30 days, then (2) the resulting preferred configuration for 180 days. The four treatment groups each placed 21,504 polyester (PET) 12‐μm fibers (cross‐sectional area 1% of muscle) traversing the incision, in the form of (A) Four large (No.7 suture) non‐textured bundles, (B) Eight small (No.2 suture) non‐textured, (C) Four large textured, or (D) Eight small textured. Four incisions were closed in the external oblique muscle of 16 Sinclair minipigs. At 30 days, specimens were removed for biomechanics, histology, and total collagen content. Group (B) was selected for 180‐day evaluations in the same wound model in eight animals, four closures each (n = 32), again with biomechanics and histology. In strength testing, every specimen tore through muscle remotely, while the repair region remained intact. Maximum forces were (A) 37.8 ± 3.9 N, (B) 37.1 ± 4.7 N, (C) 39.0 ± 5.3 N, and (D) 32.4 ± 3.4 N at 30 days, and 37.2 ± 11.3 N at 180 days (mean ± SEM). No significant difference was observed among the groups or time points (p > 0.05). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Hypothalamic leptin gene therapy prevents weight gain without long-term detrimental effects on bone in growing and skeletally mature female rats
Authors: Iwaniec Urszula T , Boghossian Stéphane , Trevisiol Cynthia H , Wronski Thomas J , Turner Russell T , Kalra Satya P 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Hypothalamic leptin gene therapy normalizes the mosaic skeletal phenotype of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. However, it is not clear whether increased hypothalamic leptin alters bone metabolism in animals already producing the hormone. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long duration effects of recombinant adeno-associated virus-rat leptin (rAAV-Lep) hypothalamic gene therapy on weight gain and bone metabolism in growing and skeletally mature leptin-replete female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were either unoperated or implanted with cannulas in the third ventricle of the hypothalamus and injected with either rAAV-Lep or rAAV-GFP (control vector encoding green fluorescent protein) and maintained on standard rat chow fed ad libitum for either 5 or 10 weeks (starting at 3 months of age) or 18 weeks (starting at 9 months of age). Tibias, femurs, or lumbar vertebrae were analyzed by micro–computed tomography and/or histomorphometry. In comparison with age-matched rAAV-GFP rats, rAAV-Lep rats maintained a lower body weight for the duration of studies. At 5 weeks after vector administration, rAAV-Lep rats had lower cancellous bone volume and bone marrow adiposity but higher osteoblast perimeter compared with nonoperated controls. However, these values did not differ between the two groups at 10 weeks after vector administration. Differences in cancellous bone volume and architecture were not detected between the rAAV-Lep and rAAV-GFP groups at either time point. Also, rAAV-Lep had no negative effects on bone in the 9-month-old skeletally mature rats at 18 weeks after vector administration. We hypothesize that the transient reductions in bone mass and bone marrow adiposity at 5 weeks after vector administration were due to hypothalamic surgery. We conclude that increased hypothalamic leptin, sufficient to prevent weight gain, has minimal specific effects (rAAV-Lep versus rAAV-GFP) on bone metabolism in normal female rats. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.