bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creep and plasticity of glacier ice: a material science perspective
Authors: Duval Paul , Montagnat Maurine , Grennerat Fanny , Weiss Jerome , Meyssonnier Jacques , Philip Armelle 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMajor advances in understanding the plasticity of ice have been made during the past 60 years with the development of studies of the flow of glaciers and, recently, with the analysis of deep ice cores in Antarctica and Greenland. Recent experimental investigations clearly show that the plastic deformation of the ice single crystal and polycrystal is produced by intermittent dislocation bursts triggered by long-range interaction of dislocations. Such dislocation avalanches are associated with the formation of dislocation patterns in the form of slip lines and slip bands, which exhibit long-range correlations and scale invariance. Long-range dislocation interactions appear to play an essential role in primary creep of polycrystals and dynamic recrystallization. The large plastic anisotropy of the ice crystal is at the origin of large strain and stress heterogeneities within grains. The use of full- field approaches is now a compulsory proceeding to model the intracrystalline heterogeneities that develop in polycrystals. Ice is now highly regarded among the materials science community. It is considered a model material for understanding deformation processes of crystalline materials and polycrystal modeling.
Shear resistance and continuity of subglacial till: hydrology rules
Authors: Iverson Neal R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe field observations of G.S. Boulton stimulated widespread interest in deformable beds. Shear resistance of till in its critical state is insensitive to strain rate and increases linearly with effective pressure. During unsteady deformation, pseudo-viscous shear resistance can be caused by dilation of consolidated tills and resultant pore-pressure decline. This effect is probably uncommon, however, because susceptible tills of low hydraulic diffusivity are also those least likely to consolidate significantly during effective-pressure transients. Stick-slip motion at Whillans Ice Stream, Antarctica, indicates that its basal till must weaken during rapid slip and strengthen during longer periods of slower slip. Recurrence intervals for rapid-slip episodes there (6-18hours) indicate that till-strength variations, if driven by changes in pore pressure either related or unrelated to basal freezing, are focused in the uppermost several centimeters of the bed. Ploughing of grains at the bed surface and associated excess pore pressures in adjacent till can account for rate-weakening during rapid slip, with pore-pressure decay causing strengthening between slip episodes. By promoting shallow, sluggish subglacial water flow and low effective pressure, soft beds may help sustain themselves by slowing their own transport. Soft-bed shear resistance, kinematics and continuity are problems rooted in subglacial hydrology.
La réalité de la microfinance à l'échelle régionale : l'exemple de l'Aquitaine
Authors: Brana Sophie , Jégourel Yves 
Published: July 2011

Reposant sur une base de données unique totalisant près de 4000 prêts provenant de 33 institutions de microfinance (IMF) localisées sur la région Aquitaine, cet article poursuit trois objectifs : identifier les IMF opérant sur le territoire aquitain, évaluer à quels besoins celles-ci répondent et préciser enfin la nature de la relation de crédit qui s’instaure entre ces différentes institutions et leurs bénéficiaires. Utilisant un modèle probit, nous montrons que les déterminants de l’octroi d’un microcrédit restent relativement conventionnels, proches de ceux adoptés dans le secteur bancaire traditionnel. Nous mettons, en outre, en lumière que la microfinance touche deux catégories de clients, les uns partiellement exclus du secteur bancaire tandis que les autres en sont totalement exclus. Nous soulignons, enfin, l’importance du dispositif d’accompagnement en amont de la relation de prêt pour que la microfinance atteigne pleinement ses ambitions sociales.
Dopamine β‐hydroxylase gene associates with stroop color‐word task performance in Han Chinese children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Ji Ning , Shuai Lan , Chen Yun , Liu Lu , Li Hai‐mei , Li Ze‐hua , Yang Li , Qian Qiu‐jin , Tang Yi‐lang , Cubells Joseph F. , Wang Yu‐feng 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe cognitive deficits observed in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are candidate endophenotypes for genetic association studies. Dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DβH) converts dopamine to norepinephrine, and its activity is under strong genetic control. Prior studies suggest association between ADHD and DBH gene. The present study examined associations between a putative functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at DBH with performance on the Stroop task in patients with ADHD and in healthy control subjects. A total of 812 Han Chinese youths with DSM‐IV ADHD and 233 unaffected controls were included in the study. Comprehensive phenotype data were collected, including performance on a series of Stroop interference tests examining inhibition of response to interfering stimuli. DBH SNP −1021C/T was genotyped using the 5′‐exonuclease (TaqMan®) method. Compared to unaffected controls, children with ADHD performed significantly worse in all categories of the Stroop test. In ADHD cases, DBH genotype at −1021C/T significantly associates with reaction times of incongruent color word parts but not the interference times, with TT genotype performing significantly better in both reaction time and interference time than other two genotype groups. DBH genotype did not associate with cognitive performance in unaffected controls or in the combined group. DBH genotype at −1021C/T associates with differences in performance on the Stroop task in children with ADHD. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased positive selection pressure within the complementarity determining regions of the T‐cell receptor β gene in New World monkeys
Authors: Matsutani Takaji , Fujii Yoshiki , Kitaura Kazutaka , Suzuki Satsuki , Tsuruta Yuji , Takasaki Tomohiko , Ogasawara Kouetsu , Nishimoto Norihiro , Kurane Ichiro , Suzuki Ryuji 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBecause of the long‐term co‐evolution of TCR and MHC molecules, numerous nucleotide substitutions have accumulated within the domains of TCRβ genes. We previously found that nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions occurred more frequently in complementarity determining region (CDR)β than in CDRα, even though only a limited number of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and human T‐cell receptor β variable (TRBV) sequences were compared. This interesting finding raised the question of whether the increased selective pressure within CDRβ was species‐specific. In this study, we identified 21 TRBV region sequences from the common marmoset and performed comparative sequence analyses of the T‐cell receptor α variable (TRAV) and TRBV regions from human, chimpanzee, rhesus monkey, cotton‐top tamarin, Ma's night monkey, and common marmoset. The ratios of the number of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions per site (dN) to the dS values (dN/dS) were less than 1 within the framework regions (FRs) of TRAV and TRBV region sequences, suggesting that purifying selection is largely dominant within the FRs. In contrast, the dN values were statistically significantly greater for CDRβ than for CDRα only in New World monkeys. Also, increased dN/dS ratios (dN/dS>1) were observed within CDRβ between humans and New World monkeys and, interestingly, between New World monkeys, which share a relatively recent common ancestor. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood analysis provided firm evidence to support that positive selection occurred within CDRβ along New World monkey lineages. These results suggest that increased positive selection pressure within CDRβ is common in New World monkeys rather than being species‐specific. This study provides an intriguing insight into the co‐evolution of TCR and MHC molecules within primates. Am. J. Primatol. 73:1082–1092, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reciprocation and interchange of grooming, agonistic support, feeding tolerance, and aggression in semi‐free‐ranging Barbary macaques
Authors: Carne Charlotte , Wiper Sue , Semple Stuart 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEvidence from a range of primate species indicates that grooming can be exchanged either for itself or for other rank‐related “commodities,” such as agonistic support, feeding tolerance, or reduced aggression. Patterns of exchange behavior have been found to vary considerably between species, and understanding the causes of this variation is central to the study of the evolution of primate social systems. It is, therefore, essential that exchange behavior is examined in a wide range of species and settings. This article is the first to explore the reciprocation and interchange of grooming in the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus). We collected focal data on semi‐free‐ranging adult female Barbary macaques at Trentham Monkey Forest, England, and analyzed dyadic data using Generalized Linear Mixed Models. We found evidence for the reciprocal exchange of grooming and for the interchange of grooming for agonistic support and tolerance while feeding. There was no evidence that grooming was traded for a reduction in aggression; indeed, we found a positive relationship between aggression given and grooming received. This may reflect the “extortion” of grooming from subordinates by dominant animals. These results will facilitate comparative analyses of exchange behavior by adding to the current database a new species, characterized by a different social style from those macaque species previously investigated. Am. J. Primatol. 73:1127–1133, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: elevated serum immunoglobulin E is associated with Staphylococcus aureus on culture
Authors: Clark David W. , Wenaas Ashley , Citardi Martin J. , Luong Amber , Fakhri Samer 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:Recent data has implicated Staphylococcus aureus (SA) superantigen as a potential disease modifier in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The objective of this work was to compare total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and serum eosinophils in patients with CRSwNP and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) based on culture results of the 3 most commonly isolated bacteria.Methods:Retrospective review at a tertiary rhinology referral center of patients with CRS over a 4‐year period.Results:Bacterial cultures and immunologic data were obtained from 62 patients with CRSwNP and 34 patients with CRSsNP. SA was the most prevalent bacteria in the CRSwNP group, isolated in 19 patients (31%). Patients with elevated total serum IgE (>114 IU/mL) were more likely to have SA on culture (p = 0.04) in this population. The percent serum eosinophil levels in the SA+ group compared with the SA− group was not significant (6.0 vs 5.1, p = 0.17). Lund‐Mackay computed tomography (CT) scores, but not Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test 20 (SNOT‐20) scores were significantly higher in the SA+ vs SA− group (p = 0.03) in patients with CRSwNP. The CRSsNP group demonstrated no difference in IgE or serum eosinophils between different bacterial groups.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that there is an association between SA sinonasal presence and elevated total serum IgE in patients with CRSwNP. In addition, SA+ patients had higher Lund‐Mackay CT scores, indicating a higher objective burden of disease in this group of patients. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Screening for pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis: Clinical characteristics at diagnosis and long‐term survival
Authors: Humbert Marc , Yaici Azzedine , de Groote Pascal , Montani David , Sitbon Olivier , Launay David , Gressin Virginie , Guillevin Loïc , Clerson Pierre , Simonneau Gérald , Hachulla Eric 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectivePulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe, life‐limiting complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Guidelines recommend early detection and management of SSc‐PAH. However, little is known about the impact of detection programs on patients with SSc‐PAH. This study was undertaken to assess the clinical characteristics of patients with SSc‐PAH at diagnosis and their long‐term outcomes.MethodsTwo incident cohorts of patients with SSc‐PAH from the same management era (2002/2003) were studied. The first cohort (designated the routine practice cohort) included consecutive adult patients with symptomatic SSc in whom a diagnosis of PAH was made by right‐sided heart catheterization (RHC) at the time of recruitment into the French PAH Registry. The second cohort (designated the detection cohort) comprised consecutive patients with SSc who entered a systematic PAH detection program and were subsequently found to have PAH on RHC. Clinical characteristics at diagnosis of PAH and subsequent 8‐year mortality were compared between the cohorts.ResultsThere were 16 patients in each cohort. At the time of PAH diagnosis, patients in the detection cohort had less advanced pulmonary vascular disease compared with patients in the routine practice cohort, as evidenced by more patients being in New York Heart Association class I and class II, a lower mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance index, and a higher cardiac output. Patients in the detection cohort were less likely to receive diuretics and warfarin, but there was no difference in exposure to PAH‐specific therapies between the cohorts. The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 8‐year survival rates were 75%, 31%, 25%, and 17%, respectively, in the routine practice cohort compared with 100%, 81%, 73%, and 64%, respectively, in the detection cohort (P = 0.0037).ConclusionCompared with patients in routine clinical practice, PAH detection programs in SSc are able to identify patients with milder forms of the disease, allowing earlier management.
Fine mapping of a major histocompatibility complex in ankylosing spondylitis: Association of the HLA–DPA1 and HLA–DPB1 regions
Authors: Díaz‐Peña Roberto , Aransay Ana M. , Bruges‐Armas Jacome , López‐Vázquez Antonio , Rodríguez‐Ezpeleta Naiara , Mendibil Iñaki , Sánchez Alejandra , Torre‐Alonso Juan Carlos , Bettencourt Bruno F. , Mulero Juan , Collantes Eduardo , López‐Larrea Carlos 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the potential association of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) markers other than HLA–B27 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsA total of 603 patients with AS and 542 healthy control subjects, all of whom were HLA–B27 positive, were selected for this study based on clinical criteria. First, high‐density genotyping across the MHC region (2,360 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) was performed in a cohort of 191 patients and 241 control subjects. After a fine‐mapping study, 5 SNPs from the HLA–DPA1/DPB1 region were validated in a second cohort of 412 patients with AS and 301 healthy control subjects.ResultsSeventeen SNPs located within or near the HLA–DPA1 and HLA–DPB1 loci showed association with AS (P = 1.38 × 10−5 to 0.05). In addition, multimarker tests, both linkage disequilibrium and sliding windows, showed association of some groups of adjacent SNPs within the HLA–DPA1/DPB1 region with AS (P = 1.0 × 10−4 to 3.96 × 10−7). We validated the association by genotyping 5 SNPs from the DPA1/DPB1 region in an additional cohort and obtained P values from 6.42 × 10−5 to 0.01 in the analysis of the combined cohorts. Subtyping analysis of HLA–DPA1 and HLA–DPB1 showed that HLA–DPA1*01:03, A1*02:01, and B1*13:01 were the subtypes most susceptible to AS.ConclusionHLA markers and linkage disequilibrium blocks near HLA–DPA1 and HLA–DPB1 are statistically associated with AS. We identified a region located around the HLA–DPA1 and HLA–DPB1 loci associated with AS, another region within the MHC that is different from HLA–B27.
Policies and instruments affecting water use for bioenergy production
Authors: Moraes Marcia M.G.A. , Ringler Claudia , Cai Ximing 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBioenergy‐related water use can intensify existing water stress, increasing the importance of sustainable management of water resources for sustainable bioenergy production and use. This paper presents a review of policies and instruments that can influence how bioenergy production affects water availability and use. It discusses policies and instruments of importance for water use for bioenergy production, considering both biomass production and the subsequent conversion to solid/liquid/gaseous fuels and electricity. Water policies on the biomass production side should focus on ensuring efficient water use. While environmental policy instruments, such as command‐and‐control approaches, support maintaining specific water quantities and quality standards for biofuel production, market‐based tools can help users identify least‐cost options and increase efficiency. For the energy conversion side, water quality is the key issue that needs to be addressed with adequate policy instruments, but water scarcity can also constrain biofuel industry growth. It is important that policies and instruments for water management on the biomass production and energy conversion side are coordinated to ensure that efficiency is achieved along the entire production chain. Finally, the evaluation of water‐use policies and instruments for bioenergy production should not only relate to their direct impacts on water use, but should also take into account overall impacts on the economy. This is of particular importance given the likely future large‐scale expansion, the potentially large impacts on both water and land, and the potentially large benefits for rural economies of bioenergy expansion. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Evaluation of water use for bioenergy at different scales
Authors: Yeh Sonia , Berndes Göran , Mishra Gouri S. , Wani Suhas P. , Elia Neto André , Suh Sangwon , Karlberg Louise , Heinke Jens , Garg Kaushal K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis perspective reviews water metrics for accounting total water demand to produce bioenergy at various spatial scales. Volumes of water abstracted, consumed, and altered are estimated to assess water requirements of a bioenergy product, providing useful tools for water resource management and planning at local, regional, and global scale. Blue‐water use accounting, integrated over time and space, provides the most direct measurements of the effects of bioenergy production on freshwater allocation among various end‐users, and on human and ecosystem health and well‐being. Measurement of total water demand for crop evapotranspiration, which includes both blue and green water, communicates vital information of how land and water productivity supports/constrains bioenergy expansion, and helps identify potential areas to increase the productivity of agriculture through improved soil and water conservation, changes in crop choice, and improved crop management. Life‐cycle water use accounting provides a useful comparison of water required for production and conversion of feedstock to various forms of energy, and opportunities to improve water use efficiency throughout the supply chain. In addition, life‐cycle water use may be used to account for water use avoided as a result of displacement of products by coproducts of biofuel production; though these applications must be interpreted with caution. Local or regional conditions and the objective of the analysis at hand determine which water accounting metrics are most relevant and the relative importance of water use impact compared to other impacts, such as impacts to soil quality and biodiversity. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Liver resection for colorectal cancer metastases involving the caudate lobe
Authors: Thomas R L , Lordan J T , Devalia K , Quiney N , Fawcett W , Worthington T R , Karanjia N D 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Up to 5 per cent of liver resections for colorectal cancer metastases involve the caudate lobe, with cancer-involved resection margins of over 50 per cent being reported following caudate lobe resection.

Methods
Outcomes of consecutive liver resections for colorectal metastases involving the caudate lobe between 1996 and 2009 were reviewed retrospectively, and compared with those after liver surgery without caudate resection.

Results
Twenty-five patients underwent caudate and 432 non-caudate liver resection. Caudate resection was commonly performed as part of extended resection. There were no differences in operative complications (24 versus 21·1 per cent; P = 0·727) or blood loss (median 300 versus 250 ml; P = 0·234). The operating time was longer for caudate resection (median 283 versus 227 min; P = 0·024). Tumour size was larger in the caudate group (median 40 versus 27 mm; P = 0·018). Resection margins were smaller when the caudate lobe was involved by tumour, than in resections including tumour-free caudate or non-caudate resection; however, there was no difference in the proportion of completely excised tumours between caudate and non-caudate resections (96 versus 96·1 per cent; P = 0·990). One-year overall survival rates were 90 and 89·3 per cent respectively (P = 0·960), with 1-year recurrence-free survival rates of 62 and 71·2 per cent (P = 0·340).

Conclusion
Caudate lobe surgery for colorectal cancer liver metastases does not increase the incidence of resection margin involvement, although when the caudate lobe contains metastases the margins are significantly closer than in other resections.
Synthesis of 9‐(Heteroarylmethylidene)amino Derivatives of Homocamptothecin with Biological Activities
Authors: Guo Wei , Miao Zhenyuan , Sheng Chunquan , Yao Jianzhong , Liu Wenfeng , Zhu Lingjian , Zhang Yongqiang , Cheng Pengfei , Dong Guoqiang , Zhuang Chunlin , Zhang Wannian 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSix 9‐(heteroarylmethylidene)amino derivatives, 2a–2f, of homocamptothecin were synthesized for the first time by total synthesis in 22 steps and biologically evaluated as inhibitors of topoisomerase I. Moreover, the antitumor activities of 2a–2f against three human tumor cell lines, i.e., A‐549, MDA‐MB‐435, and HCT‐116, were determined and the results showed that compound 2c was the most active homocamptothecin derivative against the A‐549 (IC50=0.046 μM) and HTC‐116 tumor cells (IC50=3.67 μM), with a ca. 50 times higher activity than the reference drug topotecan (TPT) against the lung cancer cell line A‐549.