bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf δ18O of remaining trees is affected by thinning intensity in a semiarid pine forest
Authors: MORENO‐GUTIÉRREZ CRISTINA , BARBERÁ GONZALO G. , NICOLÁS EMILIO , DE LUIS MARTÍN , CASTILLO VÍCTOR M. , MARTÍNEZ‐FERNÁNDEZ FAUSTINO , QUEREJETA JOSÉ I. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTSilvicultural thinning usually improves the water status of remaining trees in water‐limited forests. We evaluated the usefulness of a dual stable isotope approach (δ13C, δ18O) for comparing the physiological performance of remaining trees between forest stands subjected to two different thinning intensities (moderate versus heavy) in a 60‐year‐old Pinus halepensis Mill. plantation in semiarid southeastern Spain. We measured bulk leaf δ13C and δ18O, foliar elemental concentrations, stem water content, stem water δ18O (δ18Ostem water), tree ring widths and leaf gas exchange rates to assess the influence of forest stand density on tree performance. Remaining trees in low‐density stands (heavily thinned) showed lower leaf δ18O, and higher stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate and radial growth than those in moderate‐density stands (moderately thinned). By contrast, leaf δ13C, intrinsic water‐use efficiency, foliar elemental concentrations and δ18Ostem water were unaffected by stand density. Lower foliar δ18O in heavily thinned stands reflected higher gs of remaining trees due to decreased inter‐tree competition for water, whereas higher photosynthetic rate was largely attributable to reduced stomatal limitation to CO2 uptake. The dual isotope approach provided insight into the early (12 months) effects of stand density manipulation on the physiological performance of remaining trees.
Anatomy of an Upper Triassic continental to marginal‐marine system: the mixed siliciclastic–carbonate Travenanzes Formation (Dolomites, Northern Italy)
Authors: BREDA ANNA , PRETO NEREO 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Travenanzes Formation is a terrestrial to shallow‐marine, siliciclastic–carbonate succession (200 m thick) that was deposited in the eastern Southern Alps during the Late Triassic. Sedimentary environments and depositional architecture have been reconstructed in the Dolomites, along a 60 km south–north transect. Facies alternations in the field suggest interfingering between alluvial‐plain, flood‐basin and shallow‐lagoon deposits, with a transition from terrestrial to marine facies belts from south to north. The terrestrial portion of the Travenanzes Formation consists of a dryland river system, characterized by multicoloured floodplain mudstones with scattered conglomeratic fluvial channels, merging downslope into small ephemeral streams and sheet‐flood sandstones, and losing their entire discharge subaerially before the shoreline. Calcic and vertic palaeosols indicate an arid/semi‐arid climate with strong seasonality and intermittent discharge. The terrestrial/marine transition shows a coastal mudflat, the flood basin, which is usually exposed, but at times is inundated by both major river floods and sea‐water storm surges. Locally coastal sabkha deposits occur. The marine portion of the Travenanzes Formation comprises carbonate tidal‐flat and shallow‐lagoon deposits, characterized by metre‐scale shallowing‐upward peritidal cycles and subordinate intercalations of dark clays from the continent. The depositional architecture of the Travenanzes Formation suggests an overall transgressive pattern organized in three carbonate–siliciclastic cycles, corresponding to transgressive–regressive sequences with internal higher‐frequency sedimentary cycles. The metre‐scale sedimentary cyclicity of the Travenanzes Formation continues without a break in sedimentation into the overlying Dolomia Principale. The onset of the Dolomia Principale epicontinental platform is marked by the exhaustion of continental sediment supply.
Lifetime cigarette smoking is associated with striatal volume measures
Authors: Das Debjani , Cherbuin Nicolas , Anstey Kaarin J. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Easteal Simon 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTNicotine, the primary addictive component of tobacco, affects the mammalian brain. Smokers' brains have smaller cortical grey matter volumes and/or lower densities compared with non‐smokers'. Differences in subcortical structures like the striatum are however, less clear. A high concentration of nicotinic receptors makes the striatum a potential target for nicotine. In addition, striatal nuclei are essential components of the reward/reinforcement pathway involved in addiction. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between striatal nuclei (caudate, putamen and nucleus accumbens area) volumes and lifetime smoking in a large community‐based sample of ‘young–old’ individuals. Brain volumes were measured using a semi‐automated method in 315 participants aged 64–70 years who were selected from a larger randomly sampled cohort and who consented to a magnetic resonance imaging scan. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between striatal volumes and cigarette smoking measures while controlling for age, sex, intracranial and total brain volumes and general physical and mental health measures. Greater lifetime use of cigarettes (measured in pack‐years) was associated with smaller left nucleus accumbens area volume (P = 0.018) and larger left putamen volume (P = 0.025). Greater putaminal volume was also associated with a lower age at smoking initiation (P = 0.004). In this generally healthy cohort, lifetime use of cigarettes is significantly associated with striatal volume measures. These changes could indicate predisposing factors for nicotine addiction, or an effect of chronic nicotine exposure or a combination of both.
Sigma‐1 receptor function is critical for both the discriminative stimulus and aversive effects of the kappa‐opioid receptor agonist U‐50488H
Authors: Mori Tomohisa , Yoshizawa Kazumi , Nomura Mutsuko , Isotani Kana , Torigoe Kazuhiro , Tsukiyama Yoshi , Narita Minoru , Suzuki Tsutomu 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe present study was undertaken to identify possible similarities between the effects of kappa‐opioid receptor agonist, N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate‐receptor antagonist, and sigma receptor agonist on the discriminative stimulus effects of U‐50488H, and the possible involvement of sigma receptors in the discriminative stimulus and aversive effects of U‐50488H. The kappa‐opioid receptor agonist U‐50488H produced significant place aversion as measured by the conditioned place preference procedure, and this effect was completely abolished by treatment with the putative sigma‐1 receptor antagonist NE‐100. In addition, phencyclidine (+)‐SKF‐10047 and (+)‐pentazocine, which are sigma receptor agonists, generalized to the discriminative stimulus effects of U‐50488H in rats that had been trained to discriminate between U‐50488H (3.0 mg/kg) and saline. Furthermore, NE‐100 significantly attenuated the discriminative stimulus effects of U‐50488H and the U‐50488H‐like discriminative stimulus effects of phencyclidine. These results suggest that the sigma‐1 receptor is responsible for both the discriminative stimulus effects and aversive effects of U‐50488H.
Ghrelin system in alcohol‐dependent subjects: role of plasma ghrelin levels in alcohol drinking and craving
Authors: Leggio Lorenzo , Ferrulli Anna , Cardone Silvia , Nesci Antonio , Miceli Antonio , Malandrino Noemi , Capristo Esmeralda , Canestrelli Benedetta , Monteleone Palmiero , Kenna George A. , Swift Robert M. , Addolorato Giovanni 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTAnimal studies suggest that the gut‐brain peptide ghrelin plays an important role in the neurobiology of alcohol dependence (AD). Human studies show an effect of alcohol on ghrelin levels and a correlation between ghrelin levels and alcohol craving in alcoholics.This investigation consisted of two studies. Study 1 was a 12‐week study with alcohol‐dependent subjects, where plasma ghrelin determinations were assessed four times (T0‐T3) and related to alcohol intake and craving [Penn Alcohol Craving Score (PACS) and Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS)]. Serum growth hormone levels and assessment of the nutritional/metabolic status were also performed. Study 2 was a pilot case‐control study to assess ghrelin gene polymorphisms (Arg51Gln and Leu72Met) in alcohol‐dependent individuals. Study 1 showed no significant differences in ghrelin levels in the whole sample, while there was a statistical difference for ghrelin between non‐abstinent and abstinent subjects. Baseline ghrelin levels were significantly and positively correlated with the PACS score at T1 and with all craving scores both at T2 and T3 (PACS, OCDS, obsessive and compulsive OCDS subscores). In Study 2, although there was a higher frequency of the Leu72Met ghrelin gene polymorphism in alcohol‐dependent individuals, the distribution between healthy controls and alcohol dependent individuals was not statistically significant.This investigation suggests that ghrelin is potentially able to affect alcohol‐seeking behaviors, such as alcohol drinking and craving, representing a new potential neuropharmacological target for AD.
The nuclear proteins in the liver of rabbits with an inherited motorial failure
Authors: Pałyga J. , Zelník J. , Luboń H. , Kołątaj A. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe composition and electrophoretic patterns of nuclear sap and chromatin proteins from the liver of normal and genetically immobilized rabbits were compared. It was found that RNA content and the amount of some nonhistone proteins changed in defective animals. These variations may result from genetic differences between normal rabbits and rabbits with an inborn motorial insufficiency or may appear in consequence of the effect of limb paresis on the liver metabolism.ZusammenfassungDie Kernproteine in der Leber von Kaninchen mit genetischem BewegungsdefektDie Zusammensetzung und das elektrophoretische Muster des Kernsaftes und der Kernproteine aus der Leber normaler und genetisch immobilisierter Kaninchen werden verglichen. Es zeigt sich, daß der RNS‐Gehalt und die Menge einiger Nicht‐Histonproteine in defekten Tieren sich geändert hat. Diese Variabilität kann von genetischen Unterschieden zwischen normalen und Kaninchen mit angeborener Bewegungsinsuffizienz herrühren oder kann eine Folge der Wirkung der Lähmung der Extremitäten auf den Lebermetabolismus darstellen.RésuméLes protéines nucléaires dans le foie de lapins avec défaut moteur génétiqueLes auteurs ont comparés la composition et le modèle éléctrophorétique du suc nucléaire et des protéines nucléaires du foie de lapins normaux et génétiquement immobilisés. On a observé que la teneur ARN et la quantité de quelques protéines non‐histones changeaient dans les animaux défectifs. Ces variabilités peuvent résulter des différences génétiques entre lapins normaux et lapins avec insuffisance motrice congénitale ou peuvent représenter la suite de l'effet de paralysie des extrémités sur le métabolisme du foie.ResumenProteínas nucleares en el hígado del conejo con defectos genéticos motoresFueron comparadas la composición y los patrones electroforeticos de proteínas nucleares del fluido y cromatina desde el hígado de conejos normales y conejos geneticamente paralíticos. Fue encontrado que el contenido de RNA y la cantidad de algunas proteínas no‐histonas, cambían en los animales con el defecto. Esta variabilidad puede resultar de las diferencias genéticas en los conejos normales y conejos con insuficiencia motora al nacimiento o puede aparecer como consecuencia del efecto paralítico en las extremidades debido al metabolismo hepático.
BUCHBESPRECHUNGEN
Authors: Sambraus H. 
Published: March 2011

Smyth, D. H.: Alternativen zu Tierversuchen. Deutsche Ausgabe, übersetzt und herausgegeben von A. Spiegel.Dawkins, Marian Stamp: Leiden und Wohlbefinden bei Tieren – Ein Beitrag zu Fragen der Tierhaltung und des Tierschutzes.
Effect of the size of the class of comparison on the accuracy of a sire's evaluation
Authors: Ojala M. , Syväjärvi J. , Hellman T. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe effect of the size of the fixed class of comparison on the accuracy of a dairy sire's evaluation was investigated at different levels of progeny group sizes. Using simulated data for fat corrected milk production records, the great impact of the size of a progeny group on the accuracy of a sire's evaluation was verified. The accuracy of a sire's predicted transmitting ability improved with increasing size of the class of comparison. A substantial improvement in the accuracy of a sire's evaluation was observed when the size of the class of comparison increased from 2 to 3 records.RésuméEffet du magnitude des classes sur l'exactitude de l'évaluation des pèresL'effet du magnitude d'une classe comparative fixe sur l'exactitude de l'évaluation d'un taureau reproducteur a été examiné pour des groupes de descendance de numéraux différents. La grande influence des groupes de descendance sur l'exactitude de l'évaluation du taureau a été vérifiée en utilisant des dates simulées corrigées pour la graisse de la production laitière. L'exactitude de la performance héréditaire prédite d'un père s'améliorait avec l'augmentation de numéraux de la classe comparative. Une amélioration essentielle de l'exactitude a été observée lorsque le magnitude de la classe comparative augmentait de deux à trois.ResumenEfecto del tamaño de las clases de comparación sobre la exactitud de la evaluación paternaFue investigada para grupos de progenies de diferentes tamanõs, el efecto del tamaño de las clases fijas de comparación sobre la exactitud de la evaluación paterna en ganado lechero. Fue verificado, usando datos simulados para grasa en la leche corregida, el gran impacto del tamaño de los grupos de progenies sobre la exactitud en la evaluación de un padre. La exactitud de la habilidad transmitiva predicha de un padre aumenta al aumentar el tamoño de las clases de comparación. Fue observado un sustancial progreso en la exactitud de la evaluación de padres cuando el tamaño de las clases de comparación aumenta de 2 a 3 registros.ZusammenfassungWirkung der Klassengróße auf die Genauigkeit der VatertierbewertungDie Wirkung der Größe einer gegebenen Vergleichsklasse auf die Genauigkeit der Bewertung eines Zuchtstieres wurde für verschiedene Größen von Nachkommengruppen untersucht. Unter Verwendung simulierter Daten für fettkorrigierte Milch wurde der erhebliche Einfluß größerer Nachkommengruppen auf die Genauigkeit der Stierbewertung verifiziert. Die Genauigkeit der vorausgeschätzten Vererbungsleistung eines Vatertieres steigt mit steigender Größe der Vergleichsgruppenklasse. Eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Genauigkeit wurde beobachtet bei Steigerung der Vergleichsgruppe von zwei auf drei.
Index selection efficiency with continuous and discontinuous traits
Authors: Cue R. I. , Hayes J. F. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryA simplified method for examining the efficiency of selection indices for a mixture of all‐or‐none traits and continuous traits was proposed. It was shown that by a suitable transformation, analytical solutions are possible, and that the proportion of the response due to particular traits may be easily calculated.RésuméEfficience des indices de selection des caractères continues et binairesUne methode simplifiée a éte proposé pour examiner d'efficience des indices de sélection quand il y a une mélange des caractères continues et binaires. Il est demontré qu'il est possible d'obtenir des solutions analytiques par une transformation appropriée, et que la proportion de la reponse causée par un caractère peut ètre calculé très facilement.ResumenEficiencia del Indice de Selección en características con distribución continua y discontinuaEs propuesto un método simplificado para exáminar la eficiencia del Indice de Selección para una mezcla de características de distribución continua y discontinua. Se demuestra que a traves de adecuada transformación, son posibles soluciones análiticas y que la proporción de la respuesta debido a las características particulares puede ser facilmente calculada.ZusammenfassungIndex‐Selektion bei kontinuierlich und diskontinuierlich verteilten MerkmalenEine vereinfachte Methode der Prüfung der Effizienz der Selektionsindizes für eine Mischung von kontinuierlichen und Alles‐oder‐Nichts Merkmalen wird vorgeschlagen. Es wird gezeigt, daß durch entsprechende Transformation analytische Lösungen möglich sind. Der Anteil des Selektionserfolges, der auf bestimmte Merkmale zurückgeht, kann leicht berechnet werden.
Comparison of alternative computational procedures in BLUP sire evaluation
Authors: Misztal I. , Haussmann H. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe main ideas for implementing BLUP programs were developed when computer possibilities were much more limited. Now, it is possible to improve the programs, fully utilizing the power of modern computers.Three new techniques – modified group equations, HASH storing of coefficients, and an alternative iteration procedure – were applied to sire evaluation using a repeatability model in a dairy cattle population. It was proved that applying new techniques leads to a 3 fold decrease of program length in source form over a program using old design, and running times are reduced from 30 to over 70%.ZusammenfassungVergleich alternativer Rechenverfahren bei der BLUP‐ ZuchtwertschätzungDie Konzepte der Implementierung von BLUP‐Programmen wurden entwickelt, als die Computer‐Möglichkeiten noch sehr beschränkt waren. Es ist heute möglich, die Programme unter voller Ausnutzung der Leistungsfähigkeit moderner Computer zu verbessern.Drei neue Techniken – modifizierte Gruppengleichungen, HASH‐Speicherung der Koeffizienten und ein alternatives Iterationsverfahren – wurden bei der Zuchtwertschätzung von Bullen nach einem Wiederholbarkeitsmodell angewandt. Es wurde gezeigt, daß die neuen Techniken zu einer Verkürzung der Programme auf ein Drittel der ursprünglichen Länge und zu einer Reduzierung der Laufzeiten um 30 bis 70% führten.RésuméComparaison de methodes alternatives pour ordinateurs pour l'estimation de la valeur héréditaire moyennant BLUP.Les idées principales de réalisation des programmes BLUP ont été développées lorsque les possibilités «ordinateurs» étaient encore très limitées. Aujourd'hui, il est possible d'améliorer les programmes par l'utilisation totale de la capacité de rendement des ordinateurs modernes.Trois techniques nouvelles – équations modifées des groupes, HASH‐accumulation des coéfficients et un procédé alternatif d'itération – ont été appliquées pour l'estimation de la valeur héréditaire des taureaux en utilisant un modèle de répétabilité. Il est prouvé que l'application de nouvelles techniques mène au raccourcissement des programmes jusqu'à un tiers de la longueur d'origine et à une réduction des délais de 30 à 70%.ResumenComparación de procedimientos computacionales alternativos en la evaluación de padres a traves de BLUPLos principales ideas en la implementación de BLUP‐programas, fueron desarrolladas aún cuando las posibilidades de computación eran muy límitadas. Ahora, es posible mejorar los programas, utilizando el poder total de los computador tadores modernos.Tres nuevas técnicas – grupos de ecuaciones modificadas, HASH almacenajes de coeficientes y unaalternativo prodecimiento iterativo – fueron aplicados para la evaluación de padres, usando un modelo de repetibilidad en una población de ganado lechero.Se prueba que, aplicando nuevas têcnicas se disminuye hasta en un tercio del largo del programa original y se reduce el tiemempoe ejecución en un 30 hasta un 70%.
Modelled relationships between animal size and production efficiency
Authors: Kinghorn B. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryA genetically standardised growth equation is proposed, and this fits real data reasonably well. From here, a simple model is developed to predict the effect of genotype size on growth, food intake, food conversion efficiency and dam family efficiency over all stages of growth. Genotype size is not expected to affect overall production efficiency except through any effect on reproductive efficiency. Use of growth and food intake equations which cover all stages of growth permits a graphic description of these results. This type of model provides a framework for evaluation of different genotypes.RésuméRelations‐modèle entre grandeur animale et efficienceUne équation de croissance génétiquement standardisée et s'adaptant relativement bien à la réalité et proposée. D'ici, un modèle simple est développè pour estimer l'effet de la grandeur du gènotype sur la croissance, consommation de fourrage, indice de consommation et indice de consommation familiale. La grandeur influence l'indice de consommation uniquement par l'effet sur l'efficience reproductive. Les èquations de croissance et de consommation, couvrants tout les stades de croissance, permettent une description graphique de ces rèsultats. Ce type de modéle fournit un cadre pour l'èvaluation des gènotypes.ResumenModelo de relación entre tamaño y eficiencia del animalSe propone una ecuación de crecimiento, geneticamente estandarizada y que se ajusta bién relativamente a datos reales. Con esta se desarrolla un módelo simple para predecir el efecto de tamañno del genotípo sobre crecimiento, consumo de alimento, eficiencia en la conversión de alimento y eficiencia de las familias maternas durante todos los estados del crecemiento. Tamaño influye en la conversión de alimento soló a traves del efecto sobre la eficiencia reproductiva. El uso de las ecuaciones de crecimiemto y consumo de alimento, las cuales cubren todos los estados de crecimiento, permiten una descripción gráfica de estos resultados. Este tipo de módelo entrega una forma de trabajo para la evaluación de los diferentes genotípos.ZusammenfassungModell‐Beziehungen zwischen Tiergröße und EffizienzEs wird eine genetisch standardisierte Wachstumsgleichung vorgeschlagen, welche relativ gut sich der Wirklichkeit anpaßt. Davon ausgehend wird ein einfaches Modell entwickelt, welches die Auswirkung des Größengenotyps auf Wachstum, Futterverzehr, Futterverwertung und Familien Futterverwertung schätzt. Größe beeinflußt Futterverwertung nur durch Wirkung auf reproduktive Effizienz. Wachstums‐ und Futterverzehrsgleichungen, die alle Wachstumsstadien umspannen, erlauben graphische Darstellung dieser Resultate. Diese Art von Modellen liefert einen Rahmen zur Bewertung von Genotypen.