bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple three‐descriptor model for the prediction of the glass‐transition temperatures of vinyl polymers
Authors: Yu Xinliang , Yu Wenhao , Wang Xueye 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn artificial neural network (ANN) implementing a back‐propagation algorithm was applied for the prediction of the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) values of 84 polyacrylates and 21 polyvinyls. The experimental Tg data of the polymers were divided into a training set (50 polyacrylates) and a testing set (34 polyacrylates and 21 polyvinyls). Three molecule descriptors (mean atomic van der Waals volume, bond information content, and three‐dimensional molecule representation of structures based on electron diffraction descriptor for signal 13/weighted by atomic masses, Mor13m) were used as input parameters of the neural network. Simulated with the optimum back‐propagation ANN 3‐[3‐2]‐1, the root mean square (rms) error for the testing set was 17.7 K, and the correlation coefficient was 0.942, which were accurate in comparison with existing models. The ANN model could be used not only to reveal the quantitative relation between Tg and the molecular structure but also to predict the Tg values of the polyacrylates and polyvinyls. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Tensile tests of phenol formaldehyde glass‐powder‐reinforced composites: Pilot study
Authors: Ku H. , Trada M. , Cecil T. , Wong P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPhenol formaldehyde was filled with glass powder (GP) to optimize the strength and impact toughness of the composite for structural applications by a research center at the University of Southern Queensland. To reduce costs, the center wished to fill as much of the glass microspheres as possible to maintain sufficient strength and impact toughness in the composites in structural applications. In this project, we varied the weight percentages of the GP in the composites, which were then subjected to tensile tests. The best weight percentage of GP that could be added to the phenolic resin to give the optimum yield, tensile strengths, Young's modulus, and cost was found to be about 10%. The contribution of this study was the finding that if the tensile properties are the most important factors to be considered in the applications of the composites, GP is not a suitable filler. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of crosslinking on the properties of sodium caseinate films
Authors: Pereda Mariana , Aranguren Mirta I. , Marcovich Norma E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractProtein films are used as effective lipid, oxygen, and aroma barriers at moderate relative humidity conditions. However, they perform poorly as moisture barriers. The introduction of crosslinks within or between protein chains by enzymatic or chemical modification has been proposed as an alternative means to achieving a stronger polymeric matrix structure, which would result in better functional film properties. In this article, we report the preparation and characterization of sodium caseinate (SC) films crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GTA) or heat. The crosslinking density increased with GTA content. The thermal stability and tensile modulus and strength increased with GTA content, although films with a low crosslinking density exhibited lower properties than the uncrosslinked sample. Unexpectedly, water vapor permeability and absorption also increased with crosslinking density. The crosslinking of SC was also induced by simple heating. The resulting films showed enhanced thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties compared to the unmodified SC films and even the GTA‐crosslinked samples. GTA crosslinking was unable to reduce the high hydrophilicity of the SC films. Thermally induced crosslinking was revealed to be a valid alternative for improving the properties of SC films, without the inherent complications associated with the use of a chemical crosslinking agent. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) foams: Correlation between the polymer properties and the foaming process
Authors: Sorrentino L. , Di Maio E. , Iannace S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe foamability of two food‐grade, high‐molecular‐weight poly(ethylene terephthalate)s (PETs) was investigated. Sorption tests were performed to determine the solubility and diffusivity of N2 and CO2 in molten polymers at 250°C with a magnetic suspension balance. Pressure‐volume‐temperature (pVT) data were also measured and used in the context of the Sanchez–Lacombe equation of state to predict the sorption isotherms. The thermal properties, in terms of the glass‐transition, melting, and crystallization temperatures, were measured by differential scanning calorimetry analysis on the two high‐molecular‐weight PETs and, for comparison, on a bottle‐grade PET. The rheological properties were measured to asses the improvement of the high‐molecular‐weight PET with respect to the bottle‐grade one. Expansion tests were performed on the two high‐molecular‐weight grades and bottle‐grade PETs with a batch foaming process with N2, CO2, and an 80–20 wt % N2–CO2 mixture used as blowing agents. The whole processing window was explored in terms of temperature, pressure drop rate, and saturation pressure. The results of the foaming experiments were correlated to gas sorption and the thermal and rheological properties of the polymers in the molten state. The results proved the feasibility of foam processing these two high‐molecular‐weight grades, which gave, when compared to the bottle grade at specific foaming conditions, very low densities and fine morphologies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synergistic effect of melamine polyphosphate with macromolecular charring agent novolac in wollastonite filled PA66
Authors: Zhang Yixuan , Liu Yuan , Wang Qi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this article, macromolecular charring agent linear novolac (NA) was served as a synergist with nitrogen‐phosphorous flame retardant melamine polyphosphate (MPP) for the flame‐resistance of wollastonite (WT) filled polyamide 66 (PA66). The investigations showed that MPP/NA system possessed obvious synergistic effects by increasing the charring rate and amount, therefore, showing much higher flame retardancy than the filled PA66 flame retarded with MPP alone. The corresponding char layer structure of MPP/WT/PA66 and MPP/NA/WT/PA66 was investigated and their difference was analyzed. In addition, as a multifunctional additive, NA could act as a compatibilizer and lubricant in the system, and endowed the material with improved mechanical performance and processability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Pharmacological characterization of aBombyx moriα‐adrenergic‐like octopamine receptor stably expressed in a mammalian cell line
Authors: Huang Jia , Hamasaki Tomohiro , Ozoe Yoshihisa 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeries of agonists and antagonists were examined for their actions on aBombyx moriα‐adrenergic‐like octopamine receptor (OAR) stably expressed in HEK‐293 cells. The rank order of potency of the agonists was clonidine>naphazoline>tolazoline in Ca2+mobilization assays, and that of the antagonists was chlorpromazine>yohimbine. These findings suggest that theB. moriOAR is more closely related to the class‐1 OAR in the intact tissue than to the other classes.N′‐(4‐Chloro‐o‐tolyl)‐N‐methylformamidine (DMCDM) and 2‐(2,6‐diethylphenylimino)imidazolidine (NC‐5) elevated the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) with EC50s of 92.8 µM and 15.2 nM, respectively. DMCDM and NC‐5 led to increases in intracellular cAMP concentration ([cAMP]i) with EC50s of 234 nM and 125 nM, respectively. The difference in DMCDM potencies between the cAMP and Ca2+assays might be due to “functional selectivity.” The Ca2+and cAMP assay results for DMCDM suggest that the elevation of [cAMP]i, but not that of [Ca2+]i, might account for the insecticidal effect of formamidine insecticides. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive economy and satisficing in information seeking: A longitudinal study of undergraduate information behavior
Authors: Warwick Claire , Rimmer Jon , Blandford Ann , Gow Jeremy , Buchanan George 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article reports on a longitudinal study of information seeking by undergraduate information management students. It describes how they found and used information, and explores their motivation and decision making. We employed a use‐in‐context approach where students were observed conducting, and were interviewed about, information‐seeking tasks carried out during their academic work. We found that participants were reluctant to engage with a complex range of information sources, preferring to use the Internet. The main driver for progress in information seeking was the immediate demands of their work (e.g., assignments). Students used their growing expertise to justify a conservative information strategy, retaining established strategies as far as possible and completing tasks with minimum information‐seeking effort. The time cost of using library material limited the uptake of such resources. New methods for discovering and selecting information were adopted only when immediately relevant to the task at hand, and tasks were generally chosen or interpreted in ways that minimized the need to develop new strategies. Students were driven by the demands of the task to use different types of information resources, but remained reluctant to move beyond keyword searches, even when they proved ineffective. They also lacked confidence in evaluating the relative usefulness of resources. Whereas existing literature on satisficing has focused on stopping conditions, this work has highlighted a richer repertoire of satisficing behaviors.
The similarity heuristic
Authors: Read Daniel , Grushka‐Cockayne Yael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDecision makers often make snap judgments using fast‐and‐frugal decision rules called cognitive heuristics. Research into cognitive heuristics has been divided into two camps. One camp has emphasized the limitations and biases produced by the heuristics; another has focused on the accuracy of heuristics and their ecological validity. In this paper we investigate a heuristic proposed by the first camp, using the methods of the second. We investigate a subset of the representativeness heuristic we call the “similarity” heuristic, whereby decision makers who use it judge the likelihood that an instance is a member of one category rather than another by the degree to which it is similar to others in that category. We provide a mathematical model of the heuristic and test it experimentally in a trinomial environment. In this environment, the similarity heuristic turns out to be a reliable and accurate choice rule and both choice and response time data suggest it is also how choices are made. We conclude with a theoretical discussion of how our work fits in the broader “fast‐and‐frugal” heuristics program, and of the boundary conditions for the similarity heuristic. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the impact of control on the attractiveness of risk in a prospect theory framework
Authors: Young Diana L. , Goodie Adam S. , Hall Daniel B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMany decisions involve a degree of personal control over event outcomes, which is exerted through one's knowledge or skill. In three experiments we investigated differences in decision making between prospects based on (a) the outcome of random events and (b) the outcome of events characterized by control. In Experiment 1, participants estimated certainty equivalents (CEs) for bets based on either random events or the correctness of their answers to US state population questions across the probability spectrum. In Experiment 2, participants estimated CEs for bets based on random events, answers to US state population questions, or answers to questions about 2007 NCAA football game results. Experiment 3 extended the same procedure as Experiment 1 using a within‐subjects design. We modeled data from all experiments in a prospect theory (PT) framework to establish psychological mechanisms underlying decision behavior. Participants weighted the probabilities associated with bets characterized by control so as to reflect greater risk attractiveness relative to bets based on random events, as evidenced by more elevated weighting functions under conditions of control. This research elucidates possible cognitive mechanisms behind increased risk taking for decisions characterized by control, and implications for various literatures are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A‐ring ortho‐specific monohydroxylation of daidzein by cytochrome P450s of Nocardia farcinica IFM10152
Authors: Choi Kwon‐Young , Kim Tae‐jin , Koh Sung‐Ki , Roh Chang‐Hyun , Pandey Bishnu Prasad , Lee Nahum , Kim Byung‐Gee 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe bioconversion of the isoflavonoid daidzein using whole cell Nocardia farcinica IFM10152 showed two kinds of major metabolic modifications, i.e. mono‐hydroxylation and subsequent O‐methylation. The major hydroxylated products of daidzein prior to the O‐methylation reaction were 3',4',7‐trihydroxyisoflavone (3'‐ODI), 4',6,7‐trihydroxyisoflavone (6‐ODI) and 4',7,8‐trihydroxyisoflavone (8‐ODI), which are mono‐hydroxylated at the ortho position of each hydroxyl group of daidzein. To identify monooxygenases playing a key role in the monohydroxylation of the A‐ring of daidzein, all genes of 27 cytochrome P450s from N. farcinica IFM10152 were cloned and transformed into a E. coli BL21 (DE3) host system. By this enzymatic reaction using the mutants and the genome sequence analysis of N. farcinica IFM10152, it was revealed that nfa12130 and nfa33880 P450 genes clustered with their own ferredoxins and ferredoxin reductases (nfa12140+nfa12150 and nfa338870+nfa33860, respectively) are responsible for the hydroxylation of the A‐ring of daidzein, and their major reaction products were 6‐ODI and 8‐ODI, respectively.
Novel microfluidic platform for culturing neurons: Culturing and biochemical analysis of neuronal components
Authors: Park Jeong Won , Kim Hyung Joon , Byun Jae Hwan , Ryu Hyun Ryul , Jeon Noo Li 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNeurons, one of the most polarized types of cells, are typically composed of cell bodies (soma), dendrites, and axons. Many events such as electric signal transmission, axonal transport, and local protein synthesis occur in the axon, so that a method for isolating axons from somata and dendrites is required for systematically investigating these axonal events. Based on a previously developed neuron culture method for isolating and directing the growth of central nervous system axons without introducing neutrophins, we report three modified microfluidic platforms: (1) for performing biochemical analysis of the pure axonal fraction, (2) for culturing tissue explants, and (3) a design that allows high content assay on same group of cells. The key feature of these newly developed platforms is that the devices incorporate a number of microgrooves for isolating axons from the cell body. They utilize an open cellculture area, unlike the enclosed channels of the previous design. This design has extended the axonal channel so that a sufficient amount of pure axonal fraction can be obtained to perform biochemical analysis. The design also addresses the drawback of the previous neuron culture device, which was not adaptable for culturing thick neuronal tissues such as brain explants, neurospheres, and embryoid bodies, which are essential model tissues in neuroscience research. The design has an open cellculture area in the center and four enclosed channels around open area, and is suitable for multiple drug screening assays.
Surface plasmon resonance for high‐throughput ligand screening of membrane‐bound proteins
Authors: Maynard Jennifer A. , Lindquist Nathan C. , Sutherland Jamie N. , Lesuffleur Antoine , Warrington Arthur E. , Rodriguez Moses , Oh Sang‐Hyun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTechnologies based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) have allowed rapid, label‐free characterization of protein‐protein and protein‐small molecule interactions. SPR has become the gold standard in industrial and academic settings, in which the interaction between a pair of soluble binding partners is characterized in detail or a library of molecules is screened for binding against a single soluble protein. In spite of these successes, SPR is only beginning to be adapted to the needs of membrane‐bound proteins which are difficult to studyin situbut represent promising targets for drug and biomarker development. Existing technologies, such as BIAcoreTM, have been adapted for membrane protein analysis by building supported lipid layers or capturing lipid vesicles on existing chips. Newer technologies, still in development, will allow membrane proteins to be presented in native or near‐native formats. These include SPR nanopore arrays, in which lipid bilayers containing membrane proteins stably span small pores that are addressable from both sides of the bilayer. Here, we discuss current SPR instrumentation and the potential for SPR nanopore arrays to enable quantitative, high‐throughput screening of G protein coupled receptor ligands and applications in basic cellular biology.
Improving prediction of malignancy of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules
Authors: Tysome J R , Chandra A , Chang F , Puwanarajah P , Elliott M , Caroll P , Powrie J , Hubbard J G , Clarke S E M , Jeannon J P , Simo R 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Background
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is essential in the investigation of thyroid nodules. The British Thyroid Association guidelines recommend clarification of whether follicular nodules are probable follicular neoplasms that require surgical excision. This study assessed the value of the subclassification of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules into either follicular neoplasms or other pathology.

Methods
The cytology reports of all thyroid FNAs performed between November 2005 and December 2007 at a single institution reported as Thy 3 (follicular lesions) were reviewed. They were reclassified as Thy 3A (probable follicular neoplasm) or Thy 3B (probable non-neoplastic lesion), and subsequently correlated with final clinical outcome to determine the predictive value of this subclassification.

Results
Forty-nine specimens were categorized as Thy 3A and 55 as Thy 3B. Of excised lesions, 14 (29 per cent) of 48 Thy 3A and 4 (10 per cent) of 42 Thy 3B nodules were malignant. If Thy 3A were to predict malignancy and Thy 3B benign disease, the sensitivity of the classification was 88 per cent, with a specificity of 55 per cent and negative predictive value of 91 per cent.

Conclusion
Subclassification of Thy 3 nodules into Thy 3A and Thy 3B improves the assessment of risk for thyroid malignancy.
In situ hypothermic liver preservation during radical liver resection with major vascular reconstruction
Authors: DuBay D , Gallinger S , Hawryluck L , Swallow C , McCluskey S , McGilvray I 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Background
The in situ hypothermic liver preservation technique may allow a more aggressive approach to tumours of the caval confluence and/or all three hepatic veins, which would otherwise be deemed irresectable.

Methods
All descriptive data regarding patient demographics, operative characteristics, perioperative complications and outcomes of nine patients in whom this technique was used were collected prospectively.

Results
Seven patients underwent liver trisegmentectomy and two had primary retrohepatic venal caval resection. Total hepatic vascular occlusion with in situ hypothermic liver preservation was used for venous reconstruction in all patients. The vena cava was reconstructed with prosthetic graft in seven patients. All main hepatic veins were reconstructed in the seven liver resections. In situ hypothermic liver preservation was well tolerated as evidenced by preserved hepatic synthetic function early after operation. One patient died 66 days after surgery. There were two recurrences after a median follow-up of 14 (range 2–33) months; local recurrence was identified in one patient after 4 months and distant metastasis in another after 8 months.

Conclusion
The in situ hypothermic liver preservation technique appears to be a useful adjunct to radical hepatobiliary tumour excision procedures that require total hepatic vascular exclusion and major vascular reconstruction.
Multicentre study of the safety of laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer in the elderly
Authors: Cho G S , Kim W , Kim H H , Ryu S W , Kim M C , Ryu S Y 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the safety and short-term value of laparoscopic gastrectomy in the elderly with gastric cancer compared with a younger cohort.MethodsData on all patients with gastric cancer undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy at ten institutions in Korea between May 1998 and December 2005 were collected. Patients under the age of 45 years and those undergoing total gastrectomy, proximal gastrectomy and pylorus-preserving gastrectomy were excluded. An analysis of clinicopathological data for patients aged 45–69 years (average-age group) and those aged 70 years or more (elderly group) was undertaken.ResultsCo-morbidity was more common and postoperative hospital stay was longer in elderly patients. Pre-existing pulmonary and cardiovascular disease in the elderly contributed to respiratory dysfunction and intraperitoneal complications respectively. Tumour size and location, stage, methods of reconstruction and the number of combined operations were similar in the two groups. There were no significant differences in postoperative morbidity or mortality.ConclusionAlthough elderly patients had greater co-morbidity, laparoscopic gastrectomy was a safe treatment for gastric cancer in this age group.
Letter 1: Prospective randomized trial using cost–utility analysis of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute gallbladder disease (Br J Surg 2009; 96: 1031–1040)
Authors: Hussey K , Witherspoon P 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Multifunctional siRNA delivery system: Polyelectrolyte complex micelles of six‐arm PEG conjugate of siRNA and cell penetrating peptide with crosslinked fusogenic peptide
Authors: Choi Sung Won , Lee Soo Hyeon , Mok Hyejung , Park Tae Gwan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFor therapeutic applications of small interfering RNA (siRNA), serum stability, enhanced cellular uptake, and facile endosome escape are key issues for designing carriers. In this study, green fluorescent protein (GFP) siRNA was conjugated to a six‐arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative via a reducible disulfide linkage (6PEG‐siRNA). The 6PEG‐siRNA conjugate was also functionalized with a cell penetrating peptide, Hph1 to enhance its cellular uptake property (6PEG‐siRNA‐Hph1). The 6PEG‐siRNA‐Hph1 conjugate was electrostatically complexed with cationic self‐crosslinked fusogenic KALA peptide (cl‐KALA) to form multifunctional polyelectrolyte complex micelles for gene silencing. The resultant siRNA complex formulation with multiple PEG chains showed superior physical stability and resistance to enzymatic degradation. The 6PEG‐siRNA‐Hph1/cl‐KALA complexes exhibited enhanced GFP gene silencing efficiency for MDA‐MB‐435 cells in the serum containing condition. The current reducible and multifunctional polyelectrolyte complex micelles are expected to have high potential for efficient delivery of therapeutic siRNA. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010