bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le rôle du droit dans les réformes économiques
Authors: Bar Ludwik 
Published: November 2010

The Role of Legislation in Economic Reform.
Legislation plays an important role in the planning and management of national economies and hence in the introduction of economic reforms. Multiple legal functions are an integral part of planning by setting forth the principles of econo- mie organization. Legislation equally intervenes in the principal fields of economic activity, fixing principles for action and determining the activities and procedure of control units.
National economies are organized with the aid of such judicial instruments as : the Law, regulations, resolutions, rulings, hearings and administrative acts. The Law, for example, permits the creation of national and territorial administrative bodies, determines their range of activity and the principles underlying the creation of firms and trusts. Regulations provide detailed instructions concerning the field of action, the organization and the procedure to be employed by administrative bodies and by state economic organizations. Resolutions are the chief instrument of the Council of Ministers in managing national economy and in economic organization ; they apply to firms and fusts in that they set the boundaries and principles of economic activity between firms and their subsidiaries and with other firms in the branch. Rulings constitute, among others, the judicial means of creating state firms, their division, fusion or liquidation. They also define the structures of these firms and the jurisdiction of the commissions. Administrative acts applied in economic organization are, for example, decisions with regard to the nomination or revocation of a firm director. In almost all cases of administrative decisions, the judicial instrument is essential in determining the structure of the unit being created, its field of activity, its prerogatives and obligations. The nature of the judicial relationship between thhe unit in question and higher authority or subordinate units is determined. The effectiveness of the solutions adopted strongly influences the authority of state economic structures and of the organisms they direct.
Administrative and civil legislation have a place in economic activity when conflicts occur, legislation determines who should arbitrate, and fixes the procedure.
It is in the interest of society to assure the control of economic activities. Judicial measures define the control units, their powers, methods and scope and determine whether control is to be in the hands of higher authority, other state organizations, social organisms or the citizens.
In view of these extended responsabilises, almost all legislative branches (administrative, civil, financial and labor legislation) have a contribution to make to the national economy. Their participation in national planning and economic management emphasizes the social role of legislation in building socialism.
Oligopole et réforme économique : le cas hongrois
Authors: Prybyla Jan S. 
Published: November 2010

Oligopoly and Economie Reform : the Case of Hungary.
One of the key longer-term objectives of the Hungarian economic reform of 1968 was to replace detailed central physical planning of enterprise activity by a self-regulating market mechanism. AUocative rationality, as signalled in the self- regulating sphere of the economy by competitive market prices, was to become an important component of state planning and economic guidance. The article examines the problem of introducing competition into Hungarian industry. It notes that competition in industry is inhibited by the large size and high degree of concentration of enterprises. Moreover, unlike other oligopolistically-oriented economies, Hungary lacks competitive and imperfectly competitive modern small and medium-sized firms located between the monopolistic and oligopolistic giants and the final users. The 1968 reform accepted the existing oligopolistic structure of industry as a datum. From this acceptance flow a number of consequences regarding the role of government and pricing, which threaten to put a brake on the original intent of the reform. To ease the oligopolistic situation at home, steps have been taken to allow foreign competition to filter through into the domestic import and export business, and small and medium-sized enterprises run by collective farms have been promoted. The caution with which competition in industry has been approached, while understandable, may have negative effects on the whole longer range objective of the reform.
L'utopie et la science : l'économie politique dans la vision marxienne du communisme et pendant l'industrialisation soviétique
Authors: Smolar Aleksander 
Published: November 2010

L'auteur procède à une comparaison de deux ordres qu'il qualifie lui-même d'un peu risquée : celui de l'utopie et celui du monde réel.
L'utopie est prise comme un type idéal (au sens weberien), une création théorique qui montre les circonstances dans lesquelles l'économie politique dans ses deux versions substantive (l'économie marxienne) et formelle (l'économie académique) n'aurait pas eu de raison d'être. Il semblait à l'auteur que les effets sur les deux niveaux, celui de l'utopie et celui de la pratique, étaient similaires et qu'il pourrait être utile d'analyser les prémisses du raisonnement marxien pour situer les causes de la liquidation de l'économie politique en U.R.S.S.
En Union Soviétique, au cours de la période 1930-1953, toutes les conditions formelles, nécessaires à l'accomplissement de la prophétie de la fin de l'économie politique, ont été remplies. Certes, elles l'ont été de façon perverse, réfutant toutes les valeurs auxquelles Marx tenait, mais l'analogie formelle n'en est pas moins incontestable.
De l'analogie entre d'une part, les prémisses de la thèse sur la fin de l'économie politique dans le socialisme et, d'autre part, les causes de sa liquidation en Union Soviétique au cours des années trente, peut-on conclure à un rapport de cause à effet ? Le rejet du calcul économique, de la rareté, de l'évaluation du temps, résultait-il vraiment de l'affiliation idéologique et du choix théorique? N'était-ce pas plutôt le contraire ? Si l'on suit la logique des attitudes extrêmes, le critère théologique de la vérité, pour lequel la réalité réelle est celle des livres sacrés, ne servait-il pas à la rationalisation de la politique choisie et qui avait ses origines ailleurs ? L'auteur tente de répondre à toutes ces questions et se demande pour finir s'il est sensé de rechercher des arguments rationnels pour expliquer un acte fondamentalement irrationnel. L'économie politique ne fut-elle pas la victime de cette même folie qui a annihilé la génétique, la théorie de la relativité, la sociologie, la linguistique, etc. ? Pour le pouvoir et ses objectifs, la liquidation de l'économie politique était, instrumentalement parlant, rationnelle. Pour l'auteur de cet article, ce pourrait être un argument en faveur de la thèse de l'irrationnalité totale du système instauré en Union Soviétique.
30 ans apres, le retour ?
Authors: Le Hay Viviane , Sineau Mariette 
Published: November 2010

Résumé En 1978, l’« effet patrimoine », découvert par Jacques Capdevielle et Élisabeth Dupoirier, connaissait un retentissement certain en science politique, suscitant l’intérêt de chercheurs français et étrangers pour une piste considérée comme heuristique. Depuis, la variable patrimoine est pratiquement tombée dans l’oubli. Cette recherche, menée à partir de l’enquête postprésidentielle Cevipof de 2007, montre que la présence d’une stratégie patrimoniale est toujours un facteur déterminant du rapport au politique et du vote. Posséder un patrimoine diversifié peut brouiller les frontières des univers « riches/pauvres » définis par les seuls revenus et effacer les normes politiques liées aux appartenances sociales, culturelles ou professionnelles. L’effet patrimoine persiste une fois contrôlé en régression l’effet des autres variables.
A Soufflé Vision
Authors: Cleveland Penelope Moyers 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
This article was taken from Dr. Moyers Cleveland’s address given at the AOTA Annual Conference & Expo, held in Orlando, Florida, April 29–May 2, 2010.
In Orlando, I was introduced to the AOTA audience as American chef, author, and television personality Julia Child, who introduced French cuisine and cooking techniques to the American mainstream through her cookbooks and television programs. To underscore the metaphor of a soufflé representing the occupational therapy profession, I appeared onstage in an apron and holding a mixing bowl, pretending to be the great Julia Child.
Transformational Leadership and Substitutes for Management: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Weierter Stuart J. M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractContemporary writers on management highlight the need for improved leadership within organisations. In this respect, this paper proposes and tests a model that incorporates leadership behaviours, situational variables, and traditional managerial behaviours. The results of this study indicated that, in highly formalised work environments, increasing work group cooperation reduces the need for direction provided by management. Furthermore, the transformational leader behaviours of individualised consideration and intellectual stimulation appeared to impact positively on perceptions of work group cooperation. These findings provide a basis for further research that examines the effects of transformational leader behaviours together with situational variables.
Expanding Management: Issues and Impacts of Women in Management Research
Authors: Pringle Judith 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper reviews women in management research, as it moves from being a specialisation, to a source on influence on the mainstream. Specifically, there has been a shift from women to gender as a conceptual framework, which has led to explorations of identity issues in the workplace. There is a growing acceptance of organisations as manifestations of masculinity that is being differentiated into masculinities. The intersection of identities such as genders, race and ethnicity is beginning to be explored. The extensive work on sexual harassment is broadening to include research into the subtle but explicit presence of sexuality in organisations. Women have moved in management and are poised at the brink of senior management. At this point many women leave and studies are beginning to explore the functioning of women run organisations. Finally the potential ability of women in management research to expand the concept of management is noted.
Bringing a Client Focus to International Marketing: A Change Management Case Study
Authors: Patterson Paul 
Published: November 2010

AbstractConsumers the world over are becoming more homogeneous thanks to the unifying forces of travel, media, technology, information transfer and the like. Furthermore, today customers have higher expectations than ever before regarding the quality of service they should receive from a wide range of service organisations (professional as well as non-professional). As customers are increasingly exposed to world best practice in a wide range of service industries, expectations spiral upwards. Slow, discourteous, unresponsive and unprofessional service will no longer be tolerated - but especially when the service is highly customised, complex, costly and high involvement, professional service.Few, if any, studies have examined service quality issues for professional services in an international context. Hence, this case study documents the problems experienced by the Australian Trade Commission's (Austrade) Bangkok, Thailand Post in providing a level of service consistent with clients' (and senior managements') expectations, the steps taken to overcome
these long standing service quality shortcomings, as well as the key lessons to be learnt from the process. Today Austrade provides a professional consulting service and thus possesses similar characteristics to many professional service firms (project management, engineering consulting, general management consulting, etc.) and thus the lessons from this successful change management program may be generalisable to other professional services. Furthermore, the lessons should prove invaluable for Australian firms operating in South-East Asia staffed by expatriates and local nationals.
Quality Enhancement in Doctoral Education: Developing a More Public Process
Authors: Neumann Ruth , Guthrie James 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGovernments play an important role in providing an appropriate national framework and structure for the development of doctoral education. Nevertheless, ultimate responsibility for quality supervision processes lies with institutions, in particular with their departmental units and their policies and processes (DETYA, 1999c). This paper presents a case study of recent developments in the quality enhancement of doctoral supervision in the Macquarie Graduate School of Management (MGSM). In doing so it looks at three areas in particular: (1) the key role of infrastructure support, including the introduction of a code of practice in doctoral supervision; (2) the induction and acculturation processes; and (3) supervision quality, including the selection, development and training of supervisors. The aim of the developments is to make a recognized private process more public and transparent. MGSM currently enrolls a significant number of doctoral students and the enhancement of their doctoral experience is a key priority. The paper concludes by highlighting key issues for future development.
Calling on Compensation in Australian Call Centres
Authors: Crone Gary , Carey Lorraine , Dowling Peter 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTWhile there is a growing body of research on telephone call centre management in the U.K. and the U.S.A., empirical studies in Australia are at an embryonic stage. To date, most of the studies have focussed on the management of employee performance. The principal aim of this study was to provide data on current compensation practices in Australian call centres and to determine the extent of their strategic and best-practice orientation. A second aim was to explore whether the strategic management of compensation can help to balance the tension between commitment to customer service and commitment to employee motivation.Using data collected through a mail questionnaire survey of telephone call centres operating in a range of industries in Australia, the paper explores the effect of compensation practices on employee performance, absenteeism and turnover. Following a review of the literature on call centre management and the literature on compensation strategies, the findings are presented. Key findings include: a) a significant negative correlation between annual salary and the number of calls handled by full-time customer service representatives (CSRs); b) a significant positive correlation between casual CSRs' pay rates and turnover; c) a significant negative correlation between full-time CSRs' pay and absenteeism; d) a highly significant difference between the compensation strategies currently practiced in Australian call centres and the strategies call centre managers think should be practiced and e) Australian call centre managers report their compensation strategies are not very effective in increasing performance or employee satisfaction.
The Influence of Deformation‐Induced Martensitic Transformations on the Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Cu‐Zr‐(Al) Systems
Authors: Fornell Jordina , Baró Maria Dolors , Suriñach Santiago , Gebert Annett , Sort Jordi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu46.5Zr48.5Al5 and Cu50Zr50 rods are investigated. Cu50Zr50 is composed of nanostructured martensitic phases, while the Cu46.5Zr48.5Al5 alloy comprises micrometer‐sized dendrites (mainly austenitic phase) in an amorphous matrix. Both samples show considerable plasticity under compression and a work‐hardening ability. Martensitic phase transformations during deformation play a significant role with regard to the mechanical properties. Nanoindentation tests on the different phases comprising the alloys indicate that the amorphous matrix in Cu46.5Zr48.5Al5 is harder than the crystalline phases and has a less‐pronounced indentation‐size effect.
Cements with Embedded Living Microorganisms – A New Class of Biocatalytic Composite Materials for Application in Bioremediation, Biotechnology
Authors: Soltmann Ulrich , Nies Berthold , Böttcher Horst 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLiving bacteria (Rhodococcus ruber) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells can be embedded within magnesium phosphate cement (MPC). The cements are prepared by the admixture of microorganisms to a water‐based slurry system of Mg3(PO4)2 powder and ammonium phosphate solution whereas the setting of the slurry occurs within few minutes. To test the biocatalytic activity of the embedded microorganisms the phenol degradation by R. ruber and the glucose conversion by S. cerevisiae are described. Embedded cells survived within the cements and remain active. However, the glucose or phenol consumption rate was clearly reduced after immobilization within the compact macroporous concrete matrix. By using leachable pore forming additives or by admixture of cellulose fibers the macroporous structure of the MPC can be improved. The bioactive composite material exhibits good mechanical and chemical stability. It can be used as new stable biocatalysts, e.g., for applications in bioremediation and biotechnology.
Catalytic Friedel–Crafts Acylation and Benzoylation of Aromatic Compounds Using Activated Hematite as a Novel Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Jokar Mahboubeh , Doroodmand Mohammad Mahdi , Khalifeh Reza 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCatalytic Friedel–Crafts acylation of benzene and unactivated benzenes such as chlorobenzene and nitrobenzene have been successfully carried out using activated hematite (α‐Fe2O3) as a new, heterogeneous and green catalyst. Sonication of neat α‐Fe2O3 in a water bath under air atmosphere at room temperature followed by heating at 200 °C, dramatically increase the activity of α‐Fe2O3. With the catalyst loading as low as 5.0 mol%, a wide variety of benzene derivatives were easily converted into the corresponding acylated products in a clean and high‐yielding acylation reaction. It was found that the activated α‐Fe2O3 could be efficiently recycled and reused several times by simple washing with ethyl acetate, this cannot be attained with most of the traditional catalysts.
Recyclable Solid Ruthenium Catalysts Supported on Metal Oxides for the Addition of Carboxylic Acids to Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Nishiumi Masami , Miura Hiroki , Wada Kenji , Hosokawa Saburo , Inoue Masashi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCeria‐supported ruthenium catalysts (Ru/CeO2) were found to be quite effective for the addition of various carboxylic acids to terminal alkynes, which gave the corresponding enol esters in moderate to high yields. The major products of the reaction were E‐isomers of anti‐Markovnikov adducts. Among the ceria‐supported ruthenium catalysts examined, those prepared using ruthenium precursors with chloride ligands showed high activities. The zirconia‐supported ruthenium catalyst (Ru/ZrO2) showed activity comparable to that of the ceria‐supported catalyst. These catalysts were recyclable without a significant loss of activity, and the leaching of ruthenium species into the liquid phase was negligible after cooling the reaction mixture, which indicates marked superiority of the present solid oxide catalysts to conventional homogeneous catalysts.
A Recyclable Organocascade Reaction System: Stereoselective Precipitation of Optically Activecis‐δ‐Lactols with Quaternary Stereocenters during the Michael–Hemiacetalization Reaction
Authors: Zhang Fanglin , Wei Mohui , Dong Junfang , Zhou Yirong , Lu Dengfu , Gong Yuefa , Yang Xiangliang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA cascade Michael–hemiacetalization reaction between β‐substituted β‐nitroethanols and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes is described, which provides a convenient and efficient synthesis forcis‐δ‐lactols with quaternary stereocenters in moderate yields with excellent enantioselectivity. Based on the selective precipitation ofcis‐δ‐lactols, which were isolated by filtration, the catalytic system in the filtrate can be reused directly and recycled for eight times without any obvious deterioration in enantioselectivity.
Stoichiometric Reductive CN Bond Formation of Arylgold(III) Complexes with N‐Nucleophiles
Authors: Lavy Séverine , Miller Jeremie J. , Pažický Marek , Rodrigues Anne‐Sophie , Rominger Frank , Jäkel Christoph , Serra Daniel , Vinokurov Nikolai , Limbach Michael 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe reductive formation of substituted anilines from amines and three well‐defined aryl‐ gold(III) complexes, i.e., dichloro(2,6‐lutidine)phen‐ ylgold(III) (2), dichloro(2,6‐lutidine)‐p‐tolylgold(III) (3), and chlorobis(triphenylphosphine)phenylgold(III) chloride (4) was studied. The reaction is stoichiometric in gold and represents a key step of a potential gold‐catalyzed intermolecular amination reaction of arenes. It proceeds smoothly with a broad range of N‐nucleophiles in the presence of sodium acetate (NaOAc) and enables the selective formation of N‐substituted anilines in good yields. A mechanistic pathway is proposed and discussed as well.
Acid‐Free Nickel Catalyst for Stereo‐ and Regioselective Hydrophosphorylation of Alkynes: Synthetic Procedure and Combined Experimental and Theoretical Mechanistic Study
Authors: Ananikov Valentine P. , Khemchyan Levon L. , Beletskaya Irina P. , Starikova Zoya A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe nickel catalyst prepared in situ from nickel bis(acetylacetonate) [Ni(acac)2] precursor and bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) ligand has shown excellent performance in the hydrophosphorylation of alkynes. Markovnikov‐type regioselective addition to terminal alkynes and stereoselective addition to internal alkynes were carried out with high selectivity without an acidic co‐catalyst (in contrast to the palladium/acid catalytic system). Various H‐phosphonates and alkynes reacted smoothly in the developed catalytic system with up to 99% yield. The mechanisms of catalyst activation and CP bond formation were revealed by experimental (NMR, ESI‐MS, X‐ray) and theoretical (density functional calculations) studies. Two different pathways of the alkyne insertion in the coordination sphere of the metal are reported for the first time.
Platinum(II)‐Catalyzed Allylation of CO and CN Bonds under Hydrogenation Conditions
Authors: Hong Jong‐Tai , Wang Xi , Kim Ji‐Hwan , Kim Kyunghee , Yun Hoseop , Jang Hye‐Young 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe nucleophilic addition of allylplatinum to a range of electrophiles including carbonyls, oximes, and hydrazones was examined. Platinum(II) catalysts and allene substrates were subject to hydrogenation conditions to generate nucleophilic allylplatinum complexes without using a stoichiometric amount of toxic and sensitive organometallic reagents. The allylplatinum intermediates reacted with CO and CN bonds to produce the corresponding homoallylic alcohol and amine derivatives in good yield. The Pt‐catalyzed allylation of CN bonds is the first example performed under hydrogenation conditions. A reaction mechanism initiated with the hydrometalation of allenes by PtH species is proposed based on deuterium labeling studies.