bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safe zone for bone harvesting from the interforaminal region of the mandible
Authors: Al‐Ani Omar , Nambiar Phrabhakaran , Ha Kien O. , Ngeow Wei C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAimsThe mandibular incisive nerve can be subjected to iatrogenic injury during bone graft harvesting. Using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), this study aims to determine a safe zone for bone graft harvesting that avoids injuring this nerve.MethodsSixty CBCT examinations of patients were included in this study. The examinations were taken using the i‐CAT CBCT imaging system, applying a standardized exposure protocol. Image reconstruction from the raw data was performed using the SimPlant dental implant software. The distances of mandibular incisive canal (MIC) to the inferior border and the labial and lingual cortices of the mandible were measured at 3, 5, 7 and 9 mm mesial to the mental foramen.ResultsThe MIC was visible in all (100%) CBCT images. The median distance and interquartile range from the lower border of the mandible was 9.86 (2.51) mm, curving downwards toward the inferior mandibular border at the symphysis menti. It was located closer to the buccal border of the mandible (3.15 [1.28] mm) than lingual cortex (4.78 [2.0] mm). The MIC curves toward the lingual side at the symphysis menti. There was gender difference in a number of these measurements. Current recommendation for chin bone graft harvesting can be applied to Asian subjects.ConclusionsWhile acknowledging that there is human variability, this study provides an accurate anatomic location of the MIC, which in turn helps to determine a safe zone for chin bone graft harvesting. This information can become a useful guide in centers where CBCT is not available.
Use of proliferation rate, p53 staining and perforating elastic fibers in distinguishing keratoacanthoma from hypertrophic lichen planus: a pilot study
Authors: Bowen Anneli R. , Burt Lindsay , Boucher Kenneth , Tristani‐Firouzi Payam , Florell Scott R. 
Published: January 2012

Background: Distinguishing keratoacanthoma (KA) and hypertrophic lichen planus (LP) histopathologically can be difficult, and the challenge is compounded by the tendency of KA to arise in association with hypertrophic LP.Methods: In this pilot study, we compared 18 cases each of KA and hypertrophic LP for proliferation index (MIB‐1), p53 staining and the presence of perforating elastic fibers (elastic Verhoeff‐van Gieson) to determine the utility of these staining modalities in distinguishing KA from hypertrophic LP.Results: Proliferation index in KA compared to hypertrophic LP is 88.2 (mean positive MIB‐1 cells/×100 field), SD = 56.6 and 47.3, SD = 68.4, respectively. p53 staining in KA compared to hypertrophic LP is 251 (mean positive cells/×100 field), SD = 117 and 158, SD = 119, respectively. Fifteen of eighteen (83%) keratoacanthomata demonstrate perforating elastic fibers compared to 1/18 (6%) for hypertrophic LP.Conclusion: Proliferation index is not significantly different between KA and hypertrophic LP (p = 0.059). Expression of p53 is increased in KA over hypertrophic LP (p = 0.024). The presence of perforating elastic fibers in KA is significantly different from hypertrophic LP (p < 0.0001) and suggests that elastic Verhoeff‐van Gieson staining may be of practical benefit in distinguishing KA from hypertrophic LP in difficult cases.Bowen AR, Burt L, Boucher K, Tristani‐Firouzi P, Florell SR. Use of proliferation rate, p53 staining and perforating elastic fibers in the distinction of keratoacanthoma and hypertrophic lichen planus: a pilot study.
Male‐biased sex ratio of nonanadromous Oncorhynchus mykiss in a partially migratory population in California
Authors: Rundio David E. , Williams Thomas H. , Pearse Devon E. , Lindley Steven T. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract –  Differential rates of anadromy between males and females are common in partially migratory salmonid populations, but this pattern is not fully clear for Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout/steelhead) from the limited but mixed data available. In particular, there are very few data on sex ratios of juvenile and nonanadromous (resident) fish to help assess sex composition of various life stages and life‐history types. We used a recently developed Y‐chromosome genetic marker to assess sex ratio of stream‐dwelling (i.e., juvenile and nonanadromous) O. mykiss in a small coastal basin in central California, USA. We analysed 384 samples collected from three contiguous study reaches over 3 years. Sex ratio was 1:1 among juvenile‐sized O. mykiss (<150 mm) but highly male‐skewed (83%) among nonanadromous‐sized individuals (≥150 mm), and this sex ratio × size pattern did not differ among years or study reaches. Our results suggest that the rate of anadromy differs between males and females in this basin. Our study also demonstrates the application of new genetic markers to determine sex composition of immature and nonanadromous salmonids, which will help assess sex‐specific life‐history behaviour in partially migratory populations of O. mykiss and other species.
Comparative study of cone beam computed tomography and intraoral periapical radiographs in diagnosis of lingual‐simulated external root resorptions
Authors: Bernardes Ricardo Affonso , de Paulo Renata Silvéria , Pereira Luciana Oliveira , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro , Ordinola‐Zapata Ronald , de Azevedo José Ribamar 
Published: January 2012

Abstract –  Background: Owing to a lack of symptoms and difficult visualization in routine intraoral radiographs, diagnosis of external root resorptions can be challenging. Aim: The goal of this study was to compare two image acquisition methods, intraoral radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), in the diagnosis of external resorption. Material and Methods: Thirty‐four maxillary and mandibular bicuspids were divided into three groups. Perforations measuring 0.3 and 0.6 mm in diameter and 0.15 and 0.3 mm in depth, respectively, were made on the lingual root surfaces in thirty teeth, and four were used as controls. Next, teeth were mounted on an apparatus and radiographed at mesial, distal, and orthoradial angulations. CBCT images were also taken. The analysis of the intraoral radiographic and tomographic images was carried out by two experts using standardized scores. Data were then compared statistically. Results: A strong agreement between the examiners was observed in both diagnosis methods, the intraoral radiographic (r = 0.93) and the tomographic analysis (r = 1.0). Tomography had higher statistically significant detection values than intraoral radiography (P < 0.05). In intraoral radiographs, the detection was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the mandibular bicuspids, compared with their maxillary counterparts. The ability to detect 0.6‐mm perforations by intraoral radiography was significantly higher than that of 0.3‐mm perforations (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Cone beam computed tomography showed better diagnostic ability compared with intraoral radiography, regardless of the tooth or the dimensions of the resorption evaluated.
Grassland restoration to conserve landscape‐level biodiversity: a synthesis of early results from a large‐scale project
Authors: Lengyel Szabolcs , Varga Katalin , Kosztyi Beatrix , Lontay László , Déri Eszter , Török Péter , Tóthmérész Béla 
Published: January 2012

AbstractQuestionEuropean landscapes have long been influenced by intensifying use by humans. Although habitat restoration can reverse this process, it is often limited in scope by socioeconomic constraints. Here we present a grassland restoration project that is exceptional in spatial scale in Europe.LocationA total area of 760 ha of arable land was restored in the Egyek‐Pusztakócs unit (50 km2) of Hortobágy National Park, east Hungary, between 2005 and 2008.MethodsRestoration targeted alkali steppes and loess grasslands by sowing seeds of either two (alkali) or three (loess) foundation grass species. In 2009, we surveyed the vegetation in restored and target grasslands and quantified the factors influencing restoration success in a space‐for‐time substitution design.ResultsWe recorded 100 species of flowering plants, of which 37 species were non‐weed, ‘target’ species. Annual weeds dominated 1‐yr‐old fields but had decreased dramatically by the third year due to a developing perennial grass cover. Former alfalfa fields had proportionally fewer weeds than former cereal and sunflower fields. The diversity of common species and the cover of target species increased from 1‐ to 4‐yr‐old restored fields. Alkali‐restored fields had more heterogeneous vegetation and more species than loess‐restored fields. Distance to the target vegetation did not directly affect vegetation variables. There was significant spatial variability in vegetation development, possibly suggesting several local pathways of succession.ConclusionsGrassland restoration was generally successful in accelerating secondary succession towards alkali steppes and loess grasslands. However, further management is necessary to counter the homogenizing effects of litter accumulation, to reduce perennial weeds and to enhance the colonization of target species. Our project provides useful practical insights into grassland restoration and in applying restoration at a number of sites within a larger area to conserve biodiversity at the landscape scale.
Shrub facilitation increases plant diversity along an arid scrubland–temperate rain forest boundary in South America
Authors: van Zonneveld Maarten J. , Gutiérrez Julio R. , Holmgren Milena 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAimTheoretical models predict nurse plant facilitation enhances species richness by ameliorating stressful environmental conditions and expanding distributional ranges of stress‐intolerant species into harsh environments. We studied the role of nurse facilitation on the recruitment of perennial plants along an arid scrubland–temperate rain forest boundary to test the following predictions: (1) nurse shrub canopy increases seedling abundance and species richness along the rain forest–scrubland boundary; (2) scrubland species are less dependent on facilitative interactions than temperate rain forest species, especially at the moister, upper end of the gradient.LocationBosque Fray Jorge National Park, north‐central Chile, South America (30° 39′ S – 71° 40′ W).MethodsWe examined seedling abundance and species richness of perennial plants in the open and under different types of patches that may facilitate species recruitment (living shrubs, dead shrubs, perennial grasses and trees) along an arid scrubland–temperate rain forest boundary. To assess whether the potential role of the shrub canopy on seedling survival in the scrubland and forest differs, we designed a 2 × 2 factorial field experiment with shrub canopy (under shrub or open patch) and small mammal herbivory (access or closed) as factors. At both sides of the scrubland–forest gradient, we planted young seedlings of scrubland (Senna cumingii) and forest (Myrceugenia correifolia and Griselinia scandens) species under the four treatment combinations.ResultsNurse living shrubs increased seedling abundance and diversity. Under living shrubs, the number of recruiting species was 100% and 30% larger than in open patches of the arid scrubland and temperate rain forest patches, respectively. Seedling abundance was 60% and 300% larger under living shrubs compared to open patches of the scrubland and the temperate rain forest, respectively. Despite their low cover, dead shrubs were particularly important for recruitment of young seedlings in the scrubland. Seedlings of forest species were extremely rare. The field experiment demonstrated the importance of nurse plant facilitation for the survival of the forest species at both sides of the boundary. In contrast, scrubland species were less dependent on nurse plants than forest and intermediate forest–scrubland species.ConclusionsOur results show that facilitative interactions increase seedling abundance and species richness along an arid scrubland–temperate rain forest boundary, notably by enhancing seedling establishment of forest species. Despite increasing nurse shrub–seedling competition in the arid scrubland, shrubs have a net positive effect on plant community diversity.
Immediate Postextractive Dental Implant Placement with Immediate Loading on Four Implants for Mandibular‐Full‐Arch Rehabilitation: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Mozzati Marco , Arata Valentina , Gallesio Giorgia , Mussano Federico , Carossa Stefano 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: To date, only few studies have reported on the clinical outcomes of immediate postextraction implant placement and immediate loading.Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the results of immediately loading four implants placed in fresh extraction sockets in the mandible after a follow‐up of 24 months.Materials and Methods: Between January 2001 and January 2009, 50 patients (28 women and 22 men, average age 54 years), had 347 teeth extracted and a total of 200 dental implants placed in the mandible. The patients received a provisional fixed bridge the same day and a permanent one 3 months later. Clinical checkups were performed after 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Marginal bone measurements were made in intraoral radiographs taken 1 day after surgery and after 1 year. A questionnaire was used to evaluate self‐perceived factors related to comfort, aesthetics, and function.Results: All bridges were stable and no implant failures were recorded during the follow‐up, giving a survival rate of 100%, at 2 years. The marginal bone loss amounted to 1.33 ± 0.36 mm after 1 year and 1.48 ± 0.39 mm after 2 years. Ten patients showed prosthetic complications with the provisional bridge, but all the definitive prostheses remained stable throughout the study period without any complications. The patients reported satisfaction with the treatment.Conclusions: The present retrospective study showed that immediate loading of four implants immediately placed in extraction sockets is a valid treatment modality for the totally edentulous mandible.
Comparison of Fracture Resistance and Fit Accuracy of Customized Zirconia Abutments with Prefabricated Zirconia Abutments in Internal Hexagonal Implants
Authors: Park Jong‐Il , Lee Yoon , Lee Jin‐Han , Kim Yu‐Lee , Bae Ji‐Myung , Cho Hye‐Won 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: Customized zirconia abutments are increasingly applied for the fabrication of esthetic implant restorations aimed at imitating the natural situation. These abutments are individually shaped according to the anatomical needs of the respective implant site.Purpose: This study sought to compare the fracture resistance and fit accuracy of prefabricated and customized zirconia abutments using an internal hexagonal implant system (TSV®, Zimmer, Carlsbad, CA, USA).Materials and Methods: Two zirconia abutment groups were tested: prefabricated zirconia abutments (ZirAce, Acucera, Seoul, Korea) and customized zirconia abutments milled by the Zirkonzahn milling system. Twenty zirconia abutments per group were connected to implants on an acrylic resin base with 30‐Ncm torque. The fracture resistance of zirconia abutments was measured with an angle of 30° at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min using the universal testing machine (Z020, Zwick, Ulm, Germany). Marginal and internal gaps between implants and zirconia abutments were measured after sectioning the embedded specimens using a digital microhardness tester (MXT70, Matsuzawa, Tokyo, Japan).Results: The customized abutments were significantly stronger (1,430.2 N) than the prefabricated abutments (1,064.1 N). The mean marginal adaptation of customized abutments revealed a microgap that was increased (11.5 µm) over that in prefabricated abutments (4.3 µm).Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the customized abutments are significantly stronger than prefabricated abutments, but the fit is less accurate. The strength and fit of both abutments are within clinically acceptable limit.
Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial: Early Loading of Implants in Maxillary Bone
Authors: Al‐Nawas Bilal , Krummenauer Frank , Büchter André , Kleinheinz Johannes , Neukam Friedrich , Petrin Guido , Schlegel Karl Andreas , Weingart Dieter , Wagner Wilfried 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTPurpose: The aim of this study was to show prognostic equivalence between implant loading in the maxilla after 12 weeks versus 4 weeks.Materials and Methods: One hundred four patients, from four centers in this open‐labeled randomized multicenter prospective controlled clinical trial, were assigned to either 12 weeks or 4 weeks of unloaded healing. Two hundred sixty‐nine implants (sand blasted large‐grid, acid etched [SLA] surface, ≥4.1 mm diameter; ≥10 mm length) were inserted and evaluated during an individual 5‐year follow‐up. Primary outcome was implant success after 12 months; prognostic equivalence was characterized by a maximum difference of ±5% in implant failure rates.Results: Implant‐wise 1‐year failure rates were estimated 3.1% (5/163 implants) in the 4 weeks group versus 3.6% (4/112 implants) in the 12 weeks group (95% confidence interval [CI] for the difference −3.2 –+4.2%); implant‐wise evaluation demonstrated statistically significant prognostic equivalence of 4 and 12 weeks loading. Patient‐wise 1‐year failure rates were estimated 6.7% (n = 4 patients) in the 4 weeks group versus 5.1% (n = 2 patients) in the 12 weeks group (95% CI for the difference −9.6 –+6.5%). All implant failures occurred within the first 3 months of the individual observation period. Prior bone augmentation, underdimensioned drilling, bone quality, implant type, implant length, implant diameter, residual teeth, and fixing of the restoration did not reveal associations with the implant outcome: trial site, posterior jaw region, and splinting were associated with a higher failure rate. Resonance frequency analysis did not serve as a predictor of implant failures at the time of implant insertion.Conclusion: Loading of standard SLA implants in the maxilla 4 weeks versus 12 weeks after insertion resulted in statistically equivalent failure patterns within a 1‐year follow‐up period; nevertheless, the observed patient‐wise failure patterns of the interim analysis requires further understanding of patient‐individual aspects of the early loading concept.
Supramandibular Canal Portion Superior to the Fossa of the Submaxillary Gland: A Tomographic Evaluation of the Cross‐Sectional Dimension in the Molar Region
Authors: Yu David C. , Friedland Bernard D. , Karimbux Nadeem Y. , Guze Kevin A. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTPurpose: Within the fossa of the submaxillary gland (FSG), there is a portion superior to the mandibular canal (SMCP) that can affect implant placement. Our study evaluated this specific portion's prevalence and its average dimensional difference between the first and the second molar regions in a dental implant population.Materials and Methods: From 112 patients' mandibular cone beam computerized tomography scans, the SMCPs of the FSG's horizontal and vertical dimensions in the first and second molar positions on both sides were digitally measured.Results: The SMCP of the FSG is larger in the second molar region than in the first molar region in >90% of cases. Average differences were 2.3 mm horizontally and 2.7 mm vertically. Gender difference and intraindividual's left/right variation were both clinically less significant in magnitude than the difference between the molar regions. Taking the 2‐mm safety margin above the mandibular canal into consideration, the SMCP of the FSG remained high in prevalence.Conclusions: The SMCP of the FSG may complicate implant placement more in the second molar region than in the first. Implant planning in the posterior mandibular molar regions should include a SMCP of the FSG evaluation using computer tomography especially in the second molar region.
Conventional Multi‐Slice Computed Tomography (CT) and Cone‐Beam CT (CBCT) for Computer‐Aided Implant Placement. Part II: Reliability of Mucosa‐Supported Stereolithographic Guides
Authors: Arisan Volkan , Karabuda Zihni Cüneyt , Pişkin Bülent , Özdemir Tayfun 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTPurpose: Deviations of implants that were placed by conventional computed tomography (CT)‐ or cone beam CT (CBCT)‐derived mucosa‐supported stereolithographic (SLA) surgical guides were analyzed in this study.Materials and Methods: Eleven patients were randomly scanned by a multi‐slice CT (CT group) or a CBCT scanner (CBCT group). A total of 108 implants were planned on the software and placed using SLA guides. A new CT or CBCT scan was obtained and merged with the planning data to identify the deviations between the planned and placed implants. Results were analyzed by Mann‐Whitney U test and multiple regressions (p < .05).Results: Mean angular and linear deviations in the CT group were 3.30° (SD 0.36), and 0.75 (SD 0.32) and 0.80 mm (SD 0.35) at the implant shoulder and tip, respectively. In the CBCT group, mean angular and linear deviations were 3.47° (SD 0.37), and 0.81 (SD 0.32) and 0.87 mm (SD 0.32) at the implant shoulder and tip, respectively. No statistically significant differences were detected between the CT and CBCT groups (p = .169 and p = .551, p = .113 for angular and linear deviations, respectively).Conclusions: Implant placement via CT‐ or CBCT‐derived mucosa‐supported SLA guides yielded similar deviation values. Results should be confirmed on alternative CBCT scanners.
Infant responsiveness, alertness, haemoglobin and growth in rural Sidama, Ethiopia
Authors: Aubuchon‐Endsley Nicki L. , Grant Stephanie L. , Thomas David G. , Kennedy Tay S. , Berhanu Getenesh , Stoecker Barbara J. , Hubbs‐Tait Laura , Hambidge K. Michael 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSeveral recent studies have supported relations between infant behaviour (alertness and responsiveness) and nutrition in addition to investigating infant behaviour within the context of changes in iron status over time. Existing research is typically limited to the investigation of the effects of a single vitamin or mineral, and no studies have been found that examined the influence that early alertness and responsiveness have on growth in early infancy, despite the fact that relations between behaviour and nutritional status may be bidirectional. The current study used a sample of Ethiopian infants and investigated anthropometrics, haemoglobin, the frequency of alertness and the frequency of responsiveness at 6 and 9 months of age. Six‐month weight‐for‐age predicted 9‐month frequency of alertness, while 6‐month haemoglobin predicted 9‐month frequency of responsiveness. Compared with responsive infants, non‐responsive infants at 6 months remained more non‐responsive at 9 months, although weight‐for‐age for both groups converged at 9 months. Results support relations between nutrition and behaviour (alertness and responsiveness) and provide evidence of a potentially useful tool (the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery) that was adapted to evaluate these relations in Ethiopia.