bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of extratemporal and intratemporal facial nerve injury models
Authors: Sharma Nijee , Cunningham Kelly , Porter Ryan G. , Marzo Sam J. , Jones Kathryn J. , Foecking Eileen M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to compare functional recovery and motor nerve conduction following a distal extratemporal crush injury of the facial nerve to a more proximal intratemporal crush injury.Study Design:Prospective, controlled animal study.Methods:Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four experimental groups: 1) extratemporal crush, 2) extratemporal sham‐operated, 3) intratemporal crush, and 4) intratemporal sham‐operated. Each group had an n of 4–9. The facial nerve was crushed near its exit from the stylomastoid foramen for extratemporal facial nerve injuries and within the facial canal in the temporal bone for intratemporal facial nerve injuries. Recovery times for the return of facial nerve functional parameters were compared between the two injury models. Motor nerve conduction studies were also done weekly to quantify the changes in peak amplitude and latency of evoked response.Results:Rats receiving the extratemporal facial nerve injury recovered full facial function by ∼2 weeks postoperative (wpo) and displayed normal peak amplitude and latency recordings by 4 wpo. In comparison, rats receiving the intratemporal facial nerve injury failed to reach complete functional recovery at the end of 8 wpo. Although latency of evoked response returned to normal by 2 weeks following the intratemporal injury, peak amplitude remained ∼70% below normal at the end of 8 wpo.Conclusions:An intratemporal crush of the facial nerve leads to significantly delayed functional recovery and decreased motor nerve conduction as compared to an extratemporal crush, indicating that the location of injury strongly influences the recovery outcome. Laryngoscope, 2009
True thyroglossal fistula
Authors: Madana J. , Yolmo Deeke , Saxena Sunil Kumar , Gopalakrishnan S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThyroglossal duct anomalies are the most common malformations in the neck and constitute 70% of all the congenital cervical masses. They are more common in the pediatric population under 5 years of age, and 60% of lesions are diagnosed before the age of 20. They represent remnants from the embryological migration of thyroid tissue from foramen caecum to the thyroid fossa. The thyroglossal duct cyst may rupture spontaneously and present as a draining sinus, which has been erroneously called a thyroglossal fistula, although communication with foramen caecum is extremely rare. We hereby present a case of true thyroglossal fistula in a 21‐year‐old male with a fistulous communication between the neck skin and foramen caecum. Laryngoscope, 2009
From Nanodot to Nanowire: Hybrid Au/Titania Nanoarrays by Block Copolymer Templates
Authors: Peng Juan , Mao Chun , Kim Jinheung , Kim Dong Ha 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA simple scheme to fabricate 2‐D arrays of Au/titania hybrid nanopatterns is presented, using polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer (PS‐b‐PEO) as templates coupled with sol–gel chemistry. Both the functionalized Au nanoparticles (NPs) and titania precursors are selectively incorporated into the PEO domain. A series of morphologies ranging from nanodot to nanowire arrays is formed and the mechanism of morphological evolution is discussed. Such hybrid films exhibit characteristic localized surface plasmon resonance bands originating from the coupling between neighboring Au NPs spatially located in a controlled manner.magnified image
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the extremity and nodal metastasis: Is the in‐transit lymphatic system at risk?
Authors: Paulino Arnold C. , Pappo Alberto 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAlveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the extremity is not infrequently associated with regional node metastasis. Knowledge of lymphatic drainage of extremity RMSs is important to determine radiotherapy fields. In this report we describe two patients with alveolar RMS of the lower extremity with inguinal metastasis at presentation. Both the distal lower extremity and inguinal region received local therapy consisting of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. Both patients later developed in‐transit lymphatic metastasis outside of the irradiated field. The in‐transit lymphatics can be a site of failure in children with alveolar RMS of the extremity and nodal involvement. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:1332–1333. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Varas‐Lorenzo Cristina , Castellsague Jordi , Stang Mary Rose , Perez‐Gutthann Susana , Aguado Jaume , Rodriguez Luis Alberto García 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundMeta‐analyses of observational studies show variability in the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), with an increase in risk for rofecoxib and diclofenac, and no increase in risk for celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen.Methods and ResultsWe identified a cohort of 364 658 individuals aged 40–84 years who were enrolled in Saskatchewan Health, Canada, from 15 November 1999 to 31 December 2001. A nested case–control analysis compared 3252 incident cases of hospitalized AMI and out‐of‐hospital CHD deaths with 20 002 controls randomly sampled from the cohort. The incidence of AMI/CHD was 5.1 per 1000 person‐years (95%CI: 5.0–5.3). The adjusted ORs (95%CI) of AMI/CHD in current users of individual NSAIDs compared with non‐use were: celecoxib (1.11; 0.84–1.47), rofecoxib (1.32; 0.91–1.91), diclofenac (1.02; 0.75–1.38), naproxen (1.57; 0.98–2.52), ibuprofen (1.59; 0.88–2.89), and indomethacin (1.34; 0.81–2.19). Long‐term use of rofecoxib was compatible with an increased risk (OR = 1.46; 0.97–2.22) while estimates of other individual NSAIDs were close to unity. Overall NSAID use was associated with a 30% increased risk of nonfatal AMI but was absent for fatal AMI/CHD.ConclusionsThis study showed a modest increased risk of AMI/CHD with various traditional NSAIDs and COX‐2 inhibitors. Confidence intervals of estimated ORs included the null value for most comparisons. The study confirmed that the differentiation between traditional NSAIDs and COX‐2 inhibitors is not a reliable tool for predicting cardiovascular risk associated with NSAIDs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of acrylated fatty acid methyl esters as styrene replacements in triglyceride‐based thermosetting polymers
Authors: Campanella Alejandrina , La Scala John J. , Wool Richard P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractResins containing plant oil‐based cross‐linkers were studied with two reactive diluents: a styrene and an acrylated fatty acid methyl ester‐based (AFAME) monomer. Acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and maleinated castor oil monoglyceride were bio‐based cross‐linkers used. The viscosity and mechanical properties of the resulting polymers were measured and analyzed. Both bio‐based cross‐linkers prepared using the modified AFAME as diluent had a fairly high viscosity, so blends of AFAME and styrene were needed to meet the viscosity requirements established by the composite industry (<1000 cP at room temperature). In addition, the glass transition temperature (Tg) and stiffness of bio‐based cross‐linker/AFAME polymers were significantly lower than the resin/styrene polymers. Ternary blends of maleinated castor oil monoglyceride with AFAME and styrene improved the mechanical properties to acceptable comparable values (storage modulus at 30°C ∼ 1200 MPa and Tg ∼ 100°C). The addition of 5 wt% of chemically modified lignin led to an improvement in the mechanical properties of the polymeric matrix but caused an increase in the viscosity. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Physicochemical and morphological properties of poly(acrylamide) and methylcellulose hydrogels: Effects of monomer, crosslinker and polysaccharide compositions
Authors: Aouada Fauze A. , Chiou Bor‐Sen , Orts William J. , Mattoso Luiz H.C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis article describes the physicochemical (mechanical and swelling) and morphological characterization of poly(acrylamide) and methylcellulose (PAAm‐MC) hydrogels synthesized with different formulations by the free radical polymerization method. The structure‐property relationship of the PAAm‐MC hydrogels is very important for application of these materials in different fields. Results showed that the properties of the PAAm‐MC hydrogels can be controlled by varying the acrylamide (AAm) and N′,N‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (MBAAm) concentrations and methylcellulose (MC) content. Increase of AAm and MBAAm concentrations causes a pronounced decrease in swelling degree (SD) values and porosity, and an increase in mechanical properties. Increasing the MC concentration caused an increase in SD values and porosity, but decrease in maximum load and modulus of elasticity because of the increase in the hydrogel hydrophilicity due to incorporation of hydroxyl groups from MC chains. PAAm‐MC hydrogels are excellent candidates for several applications, such as matrices for cell transplantation, controlled release (agrochemicals and drugs), tissue repair and regeneration. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Time‐dependent and time‐independent approaches for the computation of absorption spectra of Uracil derivatives in solution
Authors: Improta Roberto , Lami Alessandro , Barone Vincenzo , Santoro Fabrizio 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this contribution we discuss the most significant benefits and drawbacks of the alternative time‐independent (TI) and time‐dependent (TD) approaches to the calculation of absorption spectra of molecules in solutions. Eigenstate‐free TD methods are in principle the most suitable route to face with the calculation of optical spectra in nonadiabatic systems, most of all in presence of conical intersections easily accessible from the Franck–Condon region. However, here we show that, in selected cases, a combined strategy that adopts TD methods to assess the impact of nonadiabatic couplings on the spectrum and subsequently applies TI methods to include all the degrees of freedom can reveal very convenient. Such a combined TD/TI strategy has been applied to the calculation of the spectrum of Uracil and 5Fluoro‐Uracil in acetonitrile. TD studies on reduced dimensionality diabatic models indicate that nonadiabatic effects are moderate and are not the main origin of the diffuse spectral shapes observed in experiments. Subsequent full‐coordinate TI calculations allow assigning this feature to intrinsic characteristics of a ππ* excitation of a small molecular ring structure. This latter introduces remarkable deformation in all the ring structure thus inducing a FC activity in many molecular normal modes both due to displacements of the equilibrium structures and to Duschinsky mixings of the normal coordinates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Correlation analysis of the interconversion and nitrogen loss reactions of aryl pentazenes and pentazoles derived from aryl diazonium and azide ions
Authors: Burke Luke A. , Fazen Paul J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe pathways for the reaction of aryldiazonium cations with azide anion to arylazide and nitrogen are explored using the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d) method. CCSD(T) calculations were performed on the RN5 (R = H, OH, Cl, CN) counterparts to verify the appropriateness of this density functional theory method to cases involving NN bond breaking. As in our prior MP2/6‐31G(d) study, a pathway to direct formation of aryl pentazole in a concerted reaction was not found. Transition state structures were calculated for the cyclization reaction of 24 aryl pentazenes in the E configuration and syn conformation (Es) to pentazoles and for the loss of N2 from the Es, Ea (anti), and Za pentazenes and from pentazoles. Correlations were found between activation energies and both reaction energies and Hammett values for 24 aryl N5 cases. The activation energies for competing cyclization and N2 loss from Es pentazenes were both ca. 4 kcal/mol. The barriers for loss of N2 from Ea and Za pentazenes are both ca. 20 kcal/mol. The lowering of the barriers in the Es configuration is attributed to the nucleophilic assistance of the in‐plane lone pair on the N1 atom and in‐plane aromaticity. Competition between N2 loss from, and cyclization of the Es pentazene may provide for a synthesis of hitherto unknown arylpentazoles with electron withdrawing groups. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Structural determination of sildenafil and its analogues in dietary supplements by fast‐atom bombardment collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ahn Sungho , Hong Joo Yeon , Hong Moo Ki , Jang Young Pyo , Oh Myung Sook , Jung Jee H. , Hong Jongki 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSildenafil and its analogues, which are used as illegal additives in several dietary supplements, were isolated by liquid‐liquid extraction and column chromatography and analyzed by fast‐atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB‐MS). Structures of sildenafil and its derivatives were elucidated by FAB‐tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with exact mass measurement in the positive‐ion mode. To find structurally diagnostic ions for the sildenafil analogues, authentic sildenafil was preferentially analyzed by high‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID)‐MS/MS. The CID‐MS/MS spectra of [M+H]+ precursor ions resulted in the formation of numerous characteristic ions via a series of dissociative processes. The product ions formed by CID provided important information on the modification of the piperazine ring, the phenylsulfonyl group and the pyrazolopyrimidine moiety of sildenafil. By interpreting their MS/MS spectra, the chemical structures of sildenafil analogues isolated from dietary supplements could be elucidated and fragmentation patterns were proposed. To clearly identify the sidenafil derivatives in dietary supplements, some of the derivatives such as acetildenafil, homosildenafil and hydroxyhomosildenafil which are not commercially available were synthesized and compared with their MS/MS spectra. In addition, high‐resolution mass measurements were conducted to obtain the elemental compositions of sildenafil and its analogues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Achieving non‐transferability in credential systems using hidden biometrics
Authors: Adams Carlisle 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn credential systems, which allow the construction of privacy‐preserving access control infrastructures in online environments, credential transfer occurs when Alice gives her private key to another entity who can then freely use Alice's credential as if it was his/her own. Prior approaches to limit credential transfer require tamper‐resistant user hardware, or are ineffective against closely knit groups of users who are willing to share personal or valuable information with each other. In this paper we propose a scheme to achieve non‐transferability for any malicious, but computationally bounded, legitimate credential owner. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medi SPICE development
Authors: Mc Caffery Fergal , Dorling Alec 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis article outlines the development of a software process assessment and improvement model (Medi SPICE) for the medical device industry. The article details how medical device regulations may be satisfied by extending relevant processes and practices from ISO/IEC 15504‐5. The article also describes the proposed phases of delivery for Medi SPICE.Medi SPICE will define a process reference model, process assessment model (PAM) and organizational maturity model (OMM). The Medi SPICE PAM will be used to perform ISO/IEC 15504 conformant assessments of the software process capability of medical device suppliers in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 15504‐2: 2003. The Medi SPICE Process Assessment Model will be based on ISO/IEC 15504‐5: 2006 and shall be extended to provide coverage of additional software development practices that are required to achieve regulatory compliance within the medical device industry. The processes will be defined within an OMM conformant with ISO/IEC TR 15504‐7:2008. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of Spermatogonial Stem Cell Subsets by Morphological Analysis and Prospective Isolation
Authors: Grisanti Laura , Falciatori Ilaria , Grasso Margherita , Dovere Lisa , Fera Stefania , Muciaccia Barbara , Fuso Andrea , Berno Valeria , Boitani Carla , Stefanini Mario , Vicini Elena 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Spermatogenesis is maintained by a pool of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Analyses of the molecular profile of SSCs have revealed the existence of subsets, indicating that the stem cell population is more heterogeneous than previously believed. However, SSC subsets are poorly characterized. In rodents, the first steps in spermatogenesis have been extensively investigated, both under physiological conditions and during the regenerative phase that follows germ cell damage. In the widely accepted model, the SSCs are type Asingle (As) spermatogonia. Here, we tested the hypothesis that As spermatogonia are phenotypically heterogeneous by analyzing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptor α1 (GFRA1) expression in whole-mounted seminiferous tubules, via cytofluorimetric analysis and in vivo colonogenic assays. GFRA1 is a coreceptor for GDNF, a Sertoli cell-derived factor essential for SSC self-renewal and proliferation. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that 10% of As spermatogonia did not express GFRA1 but were colonogenic, as shown by germ cell transplantation assay. In contrast, cells selected for GFRA1 expression were not colonogenic in vivo. In human testes, GFRA1 was also heterogeneously expressed in Adark and in Apale spermatogonia, the earliest spermatogonia. In vivo 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine administration showed that both GFRA1+ and GFRA1− As spermatogonia were engaged in the cell cycle, a finding supported by the lack of long-term label-retaining As spermatogonia. GFRA1 expression was asymmetric in 5% of paired cells, suggesting that As subsets may be generated by asymmetric cell division. Our data support the hypothesis of the existence of SSC subsets and reveal a previously unrecognized heterogeneity in the expression profile of As spermatogonia in vivo.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Soft systems analysis of the unification of test and evaluation and program management: A study of a Federal Aviation Administration's strategy
Authors: Patrick Eigbe Arekhandia , Sauser Brian J. , Boardman John 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe strategic objective of a test and evaluation (T&E) organization is to detect defects, which must be fixed prior to system deployment in order to meet the operational needs and achieve customer satisfaction. Numerous process improvement models have been developed and applied to address the issue of preventing “critical” defects getting to the field. However, the escalating costs of system deployment (especially in government programs), due to critical defects found in the field, continues to be a major quality issue affecting customer satisfaction. The failure of programs to meet quality and performance objectives has been shown to be related to inadequate planning and an ineffective program management strategy. Thus, for a T&E organization, the program management strategy can greatly influence overall performance goals. While current literature on T&E quality improvement focuses primarily on T&E technical tools, equipment, and processes, little to no attention has been paid to integrating program management into the T&E organization's strategy. We intend to demonstrate in this paper that taking a holistic view of both T&E and program management (PM) activities using the tools of systems thinking can provide new insights to understand and create a more effective T&E execution strategy. Using Boardman's Soft Systems Methodology and Systemigrams (systemic diagrams), we evaluate the unification of a Federal Aviation Administration's T&E program management into its T&E strategy. The resultant Systemigram model represents the alignment of T&E with program management. We conclude with recommendations on how other organizations may modify their T&E execution strategy to achieve better customer satisfaction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
TiO2‐CeO2 Nanometric Powders Prepared by Sol‐Gel Method
Authors: Zaharescu Maria , Wittmar Alexandra , Teodorescu Valentin , Andronescu Cristian , Wittmar Matthias , Veith Michael 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNanometric powders in the TiO2‐CeO2 system were synthesized using sol‐gel methods aiming at corrosion inhibitor preparation. The precursors employed were Ti(OiPr)4 as TiO2 source and Ce(NO3)3·6H2O or Ce(CH3CO2)3·xH2O as CeO2 source. Several parameters were varied, like the cerium precursor (cerium nitrate or cerium acetate) and the TiO2:CeO2 molar ratios. For both cerium sources binary powders with TiO2:CeO2 = 4:1 or 1:1 molar ratios were prepared. The obtained materials were dried 12 h in an oven at 100 °C and then thermally treated for 1 h at 400 °C with a heating rate of 1 °C·min–1 in order to eliminate the water and organic residues. In all cases, nanometric – predominantly amorphous – powders have been obtained which crystallized after the 1 h thermal treatment at 400 °C. The only exception was recorded for the TiO2:CeO2 = 4:1 composition prepared from the Ce(NO3)3·6H2O precursor which remained amorphous after the thermal treatment. Even though the primary particle sizes were ~ 4–5 nm, the material is constituted from aggregates larger than 50 nm. The desired presence of cerium in two valence states, necessary in active corrosion protection, was achieved and it was put into evidence by XPS and DTA/TGA for the TiO2:CeO2 = 4:1 binary compositions. Future studies have to be performed in order to reduce the agglomeration of the material.
Rb3[C6N7(NCN)3]·3H2O and Cs3[C6N7(NCN)3]·3H2O – Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Behavior of Two Novel Alkali Melonates
Authors: Makowski Sophia J. , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRubidium melonate trihydrate Rb3[C6N7(NCN)3]·3H2O and cesium melonate trihydrate Cs3[C6N7(NCN)3]·3H2O were obtained by ion exchange reactions in aqueous solution. The structure of the cesium salt was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (Pna21, a = 687.34(14), b = 2196.5(4), c = 1232.6(3) pm, V = 1860.9(7)·106 pm3, Z = 4, T = 200 K). The crystal structure of the isotypic rubidium salt was refined from X‐ray powder diffraction data by the Rietveld method (Pna21, a = 674.48(2), b = 2146.4(1), c = 1207.5(1) pm, V = 1753.4(6)·106 pm3, Z = 4, T = 298 K). In the crystal structure planar melonate ions and alkali cations as well as water molecules are arranged in alternating layers. The melonate entities are interconnected by a dense hydrogen bonding network. Rb3[C6N7(NCN)3]·3H2O and Cs3[C6N7(NCN)3]·3H2O were investigated by FT‐IR spectroscopy, TG and DTA measurements.