bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHALCIDOID (HYMENOPTERA) PARASITES OF THE ALFALFA LEAF-CUTTER BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA, IN CANADA
Authors: Peck Oswald 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMegachile rotundata (F.) is a domesticated bee used to pollinate alfalfa in southern Alberta. There it may have four species of parasites, all chalcidoids. These parasites are removable by water traps before the hives are set in the field. Three of these parasites, Monodontomerus obscurus Westw., Dibrachys maculipennis Sz., and Pteromalus venustus Wlkr,, are European in origin. The first seems not to be established in Canada; the latter two have been reared from Canadian species of Megachile and thereby may prove a source of parasitism. The fourth species, Melittobia chalybii Ashm., is a widespread, nearctic, multivoltine species and is known as a laboratory pest of hymenopterous nests; it is likely to be the major parasite in rotundata nests. A key is given for the parasitic species.
A STUDY ON ENERGETICS OF PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)
Authors: Mukerji M. K. , LeRoux E. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBased on bomb calorimeter determinations, the calorific values of four sizes of larvae of Galleria mellonella (L.) fed to nymphs and adults of the predator Podisus maculiventris (Say) increased with increase in larval size. Correspondingly, these values for P. maculiventris nymphs in fourth and fifth instars and adults, male and female, increased when the predator fed on larger larvae. Increases in energy consumption resulted in increases in energy loss due to respiration and egestion for nymphs and adults of the predator. For unfed males and females, calorific values decreased with age, i.e., as initial body energy reserves were used up.No significant differences in mean calorific values were observed for fertile and infertile eggs laid by females reared at each of the four diet levels. This suggests that the amount of energy utilized by females in the production of eggs is fairly constant, irrespective of the amount of energy consumed at each diet level.Energy budgets for nymphs of P. maculiventris showed that gross efficiency of growth for second- and third-instar nymphs was inversely proportional to energy consumed; however, no such relationship was observed for fourth and fifth instars. For males, energy budgets showed that at all diet levels little growth took place during adult fife, with gross efficiency at diet levels 1 to 4 ranging from 0.88 to 2.20%. For females, some growth occurred at all levels of diet during the first 35 days of adult life, mainly as a result of the production of eggs. Gross efficiency during this period ranged from 5.5 to 13.6%. Efficiency of reproduction at diet levels 1 to 4 ranged from 37.26 to 45.35% during the first 35 days of adult life and from 39.46 to 51.16% for the next 20 days.
DIGESTIVE ENZYMES OF SIXTH-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE PALE WESTERN CUTWORM, AGROTIS ORTHOGONIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Khan M. R. , Kasting R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractResults of a qualitative survey of some digestive enzymes of sixth-instar larvae of the pale western cutworm are reported. An extract prepared from the mesenteron (midgut) and its contents showed activity for the enzymes, proteinase, aminopeptidase, dipeptidase, amylase, α-glucosidasc, α-galactosidase, and lipase. There was also evidence for a β-glucosidase activity in the brei prepared from the mesenteron. A brei of salivary glands showed activities for α-glucosidase and amylase, as well as a strong proteinase. These enzymes were not found in brei prepared from the stomodaeum (foregut) or proctodaeum (hindgut). There was no evidence for polygalacturonase, celiulase, β-galactosidase, or carboxypeptidase in any part of the digestive system.Values of pH for extracts from the different parts of the digestive system were: proctodaeum, 7.2; mesenteron, 8.2; stomodaeum, 7.8; and salivary glands, 7.8.
TRANSFER OF SPERM BY IRRADIATED HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND RELATIONSHIP TO FECUNDITY
Authors: Flint Hollis M. , Kressin Elaine L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUntreated male tobacco budworms, Heliothis virescens (F.), fail to transfer sperm in about 15–20% of their matings. Tobacco budworms sterilized by 45 krad significantly fail to transfer sperm in about 50% of their matings. Females that received a spermatophore but had no sperm in their spermathecae produced the same numbers of eggs as virgin females. Females with sperm in their spermathecae laid the same numbers of eggs, whether the sperm came from irradiated or untreated males.Irradiated males did not transfer sperm to the spermathecae of the female because sperm were not incorporated into the spermatophore. The failure to incorporate sperm into the spermatophore occurred because the sperm in the male reproductive system did not move from the duplex to the simplex area where the spermatophore is formed. Males irradiated after mating were able to transfer sperm in a second mating as well as untreated males.
OCCURRENCE OF MYCANGIA IN THE BARK BEETLE DRYOCOETES CONFUSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Farris S. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPaired mandibular mycangia are present in both sexes of the bark beetle Dryocoetes confusus Sw. These fungus repositories were not found in either sex of another bark beetle of the same genus, Dryocoetes affaber Mann.
DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF HOSTS AND PARASITIZATION BY SPALANGIA DROSOPHILAE (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE)
Authors: Legner E. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSingle females of Spalangia drosophilae Ashmead searching for 80 puparia of Hippelates collusor (Townsend), arranged in clumped or linear distributions, oviposited randomly producing equal numbers of progeny from cither host arrangement. Mixed groups of linear and clumped puparia caused changes in behavioral patterns that resulted in reduced progeny production, thus showing parasitization to be nonrandom. Host destruction was, nevertheless, greater in an all-clumped distribution, tile greater acceptance of clumped groups resulting in a greater number of progeny. Mixed groups involving a choice between linear or clumped distributions demonstrated the greater acceptance of clumped groups. Direct observation showed that the all-dumped distribution elicited the greatest overall initial attraction for hosts and subsequent movement to other areas. It was concluded that maximum host destruction resulted when completely random behavior was involved. A recognition of this, however, required a knowledge of behavior, host condition, and progeny production. The question of evaluating an exotic parasite’s effectiveness before introduction is discussed.
BETULAPHIS VIRIDIS, A NEW SPECIES OF APHID COLLECTED ON BETULA PENDULA IN ONTARIO (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBetulaphis viridis is described and illustrated. It is a bright green species that occurs on the upper surfaces of the leaves of Betula pendula Roth and is known only from Ontario.
A NEW PROCEDURE ALLOWING REPLICATED MINIATURE LARVICIDE TESTS IN A LARGE RIVER
Authors: Fredeen F. J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDDT and DDD emulsifiable formulations were tested against aquatic invertebrates in small plots in rapids in the St. Lawrence River. Pollution was minimal; less than 0.0044% of the river discharge was treated in each rest.The weakest dosage of DDD, 0.8 p.p.m.-minutes, disabled many Trichoptera and Diptera; the strongest, 12.0 p.p.m.-minutes, did not eliminate any one Order of insects except perhaps Plecoptera. A dosage of 6.0 p.p.m.-minutes was selected for tests on a larger scale against shadfly larvae (mainly Trichoptera). Net-spinning Trichoptera were more sensitive than case-bearers. Of the non-insect organisms, amphipods were relatively sensitive but their populations were rapidly restored by immigration. Oligochaetes and molluscs were least affected.The use of small plots in a large river required special equipment and techniques: a larvicide dispenser (to be described separately), the use of concentrated milk as a dye to aid in the survey of plot boundaries, the transfer of disabled organisms to fresh water to compare recovery rates, and a formula combining data from samples of both disabled and surviving organisms to estimate per cent kill.
REARING THE CABBAGE MAGGOT WITH AND WITHOUT DIAPAUSE
Authors: Read D. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractData presented demonstrate that induction of pupal diapause in the cabbage maggot,Hylemya brassicae(Bouché), involves a relationship between photoperiodic, temperature, and light intensity conditions provided for the flies, eggs, and larvae. Generally, a short daylength of 12 hours for the flies induces pupal diapause, whereas a 16-hour photoperiod dictates continuous development without diapause. However, the expected response can he partially or almost completely reversed depending upon, conditions of photoperiod and temperature provided for eggs and larvae. Decreasing temperatures combined with low light intensities and short photoperiods for flies and larvae cause almost all pupae to enter diapause, and high temperatures tend to offset the influence of a short daylength or a downward trend in photoperiodic exposures provided for the flies and larvae. Diapause development proceeds to completion at a wide range of temperatures but high levels at certain times result in high mortality. Growth development following the completion of diapause development is inhibited by temperatures above 22 °C, whereas the final or adult developmental stage continues to completion at an increasing rate with increasing temperatures.
POTENTIAL CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES OF VERTEBRATES BY SYSTEMIC TREATMENT OF BLOOD WITH MIXTURES CONTAINING ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Musgrave A. J. , French E. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHigh mortality occurred in the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus Ståhl after feeding through an artificial membrane on defibrinated mammalian blood containing injectable antibiotic mixtures.
INFLUENCE DE L’INFECTION VIRALE (POLYÈDRIE NUCLÉAIRE) SUR LA FORMATION D’ACIDE URIQUE CHEZ LA LARVE DE NEODIPRION SWAINEI (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Smirnoff W. A. , Valéro J. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe uric acid content of the fats and the whole organism was determined by the Technicon spectrocolorimeter method for all instars of healthy and nuclear-polyhedrosis-infected larvae of Neodiprion swainei Midd. The results obtained revealed that (a) in healthy larvae the uric acid content gradually increased from 20 to 470 p.p.m. from the first to the fifth instar inclusively and (b) in virus-infected larvae the uric acid content was always greater than in healthy larvae. It increased from 21 to 493 p.p.m. from the first to the beginning of the fourth instar, reached a maximum of 830 p.p.m. at the end of the fourth instar, and decreased to 680 p.p.m. at the fifth instar.
FACTORS INFLUENCING PUPAL COLORATION IN NEOPHASIA MENAPIA
Authors: Downton W. John S. , Ross D. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBoth laboratory-reared and field-collected pupae of the pine butterfly, Neophasia menapia F. and F., exhibited varying degrees of dark pigmentation. Most of the pupae, however, lacked this characteristic. Pupal coloration was not due to sexual differences, parasitism, or the quantity of food available during development. Although light was necessary for pigment formation, the effect was nullified by providing light-green foliage or a white background for the larva on which to pupate. Dark-green foliage of the previous growth year had an intermediate effect. Larvae that pupated on twigs or against a black background developed heavy pigmentation.
A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF ATROMETUS (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)
Authors: Schmid J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Nearctic species of the genus Atrometus Foerster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) north of Mexico are revised. Three previously recognized Nearctic species, A. praediscae, A. clavipes, and A. evetrivorus, are synonymized with A. geniculatus Holmgren from the Palearctic Region. A new species A. badius and a new subspecies A. geniculatus obscurus are described. A key is presented for the separation of the species and subspecies.
A SEROLOGICAL COMPARISON OFPISSODES STROBIANDP.APPROXIMATUS(COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Peckham David J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe serological relationships ofPissodes strobi(Peck) andP.approximatusHopkins were examined using turbidimetric and immunodiffusion analyses.Hylobius palesHbst. was used for heterologous comparisons. When turbidimetric analyses were performed using anti-strobisera, heterologous reactions withP.approximatuswere stronger than homologous reactions. Moreover, immunodiffusion tests substantiated this. These results appear to have broken a cardinal rule of serology: that hererologous reactions do not exceed homologous reactions in magnitude.These results could he due to a simple quantitative variation in the antigen extracts or to possible cross-reactivity between antigenically similar proteins. Another possibility is that the two populations are not separate species. Evidence obtained in this study seems to be in accord with cytological evidence obtained hi previous studies and does not support the designation ofP.approximatusas a valid species.
THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL NATURE OF ACARICIDE DEPOSITS ON THEIR ACTION
Authors: Yu S. J. , Morrison F. O. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFive particle types of tetradiphon, three of chloropropylate, and two of Pentac (bis(pentachloro-2,4-cyclopentadien-1,yl) were prepared in similar formulations and tested as sprays against different stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch on bean leaves. The residual, combined topical and residual, and the systemic effects of the formulations were recorded. The target sizes presented by T. urticae stages and by the ranges over which they moved and fed were determined and the numbers of particles per unit area deposited on bean leaves by the formulations used, counted. Positive correlations were shown in all instances between smallness of particle size, number of particles per unit area, and effectiveness, but the relationships between these factors were complex. It is concluded that effectiveness is influenced by a number of factors of which particle size and shape are two which are important but that their effects are often greatly modified by some of the other factors.
A METHOD OF SAMPLING THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID ON FRASER FIR IN NORTH CAROLINA
Authors: Amman Gene D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPopulations of the balsam woolly aphid on Fraser fir trees were sampled without replacement. Sampling frequency was based on the embryological period of the aphid at mean monthly temperatures in the field. The sample for each date consisted of 16 pieces of bark, 1/2 in. diameter, from each of 10 trees. Precision of the method was usually within ±10% of the mean. The largest proportion of variance was within trees. Stratification of samples by levels within trees decreased variance estimates.Frequency distributions of counts of most stages of the aphid approximated the negative binomial distribution. Therefore, data were transformed to logarithms in order to approximate the normal distribution.
TRANSFER OF THE GENUS MELOCOSA FROM PISAURIDAE TO LYCOSIDAE, AND A KEY TO THE NEARCTIC GENERA OF LYCOSIDAE (ARACHNIDA: ARANEIDA)
Authors: Leech Robin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Melocosa Gertsch, 1937, is transferred from Pisauridae to Lycosinae in the Lycosidae. The genus Melocosa is defined, and its characteristics indicate relationship to the genus Tarentula. Male and female specimens of the type species are described in detail and drawings of diagnostic characteristics are given. A key to the Nearctic genera of Lycosidae is given.
A NON-DIAPAUSE STRAIN OF THE MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER, MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Pickford R. , Randell R. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA non-diapause strain of the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.), has been developed over the past 12 years by selecting for rearing those grasshoppers that hatched from eggs not previously cooled. Because this strain can be reproduced at the rate of six to seven generations per year it is proving to be a useful experimental animal.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO A STUDY OF THE PYRAUSTINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) OF TEMPERATE EAST ASIA. VI
Authors: Munroe Eugene , Mutuura Akira 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new taxa are described: Pseudopolygrammodes n. gen., type-species Polygrammodes priscalis Caradja, western China; Proteurrhypara n. gen., type-species Opsibotys ocellalis Warren (= Pyrausta discimaculalis Hampson), Japan; Proteurrhypara ocellalis apoialis n. subsp., Hokkaido, Japan; P. chekiangensis n. sp., W. Tien-mu Shan, China; P. occidentalis n. sp., Li-Kiang, N. Yuennan, China; Opsibotys perfuscalis n. sp., Honshu, Japan; and O. flavidecoralis n. sp., Li-Kiang, China. Pyrausta fuscobrunnealis South is transferred to Opsibotys.
CEPEGILLETTEA VIRIDIS A NEW APHID FROM ONTARIO, WITH A REVIEW OF THE GENUS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCepegillettea viridis new species is a large green aphid known only from swamp or low birch, Betula pumila L., in Ontario. Its relationships with the other known species, myricae (Patch) and betulifoliae Granovsky, are noted and a key to species is given.
PRISTIPHORA ACIDOVALVA, A NEW SAWFLY ON WILLOW (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Wong Horne R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPristiphora acidovalva is described as a new sawfly on willow. It has been collected from New Brunswick to British Columbia in Canada. The new species is compared with P. leucostoma (Lindqvist), which it closely resembles.
TRANSFER OF CACOGRAPHIS COLOMBIANA FROM MIDILINAE TO NYMPHULINAE, WITH DESCRIPTION OF MIDILAMBIA N. GEN. (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMidilambia n. gen. is described for Cacographis colombiana Schaus. A lectotype is designated for the species, which is transferred from Midilinae to Nymphulinae.
JAMAICAN SCARABAEIDAE: NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS (COLE OPTERA)
Authors: Howden H. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNotes and records are given for the species in the nine subfamilies of Scarabaeidae occurring on Jamaica. New records for Jamaica include Ataenius scabrelloides Pet. and Ataenius havanensis Balth. in the Aphodiinae, and Hybosorus illigeri Reiche in the Hybosorinae. The following new taxa are described: Cioeotus farri n. sp. and Cloeotus pecki n. sp. in the Acanthocerinae; Anomala sandersoni n. sp. in the Rutelinae; Stenocrates beckeri n. sp., Calypsoryctes dynastoides n. g., n. sp., and Epiphileurus jamaicensis n. sp. in the Dynastinae. Reasons are given for considering the deletion of at least four names from the lists of Jamaican Scarabaeidae.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN CONOPHTHORUS SHOOT-INFESTING BEETLES AND CONOPHTHORUS RESINOSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): I. COMPARATIVE LIFE HISTORY STUDIES IN MICHIGAN
Authors: McPherson J. E. , Wilson L. F. , Stehr F. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLife histories of Conophthorus beetles attacking the shoot tips of jack, red, Scotch, and ponderosa pines were studied and compared with the life history of the red pine cone beetle, Conophthorus resinosae Hopkins. The tip-infesting beetles have not been morphologically separated from C. resinosae. The beetles attacking the shoots of jack, red, Scotch, and ponderosa pines have similar life histories which differ from that of C. resinosae. The latter is distinctly univoltine, while the tip-infesting beetles appear to be bivoltine. Also, dates of appearance and seasonal development differ.
A NEW PHYTOSEIID (ACARINA: MESOSTIGMATA) FROM APPLE IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Specht H. B. , Rasmy Aly H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe female of Amblyseius duncansoni n. sp., is described and illustrated. It was taken in Nova Scotia from the bark of dormant apple trees in early winter and prior to bud burst.
TYPES OF NYMPHULINAE, SCOPARIINAE, CYBALOMIINAE, ODONTIINAE, EVERGESTINAE, AND PYRAUSTINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) IN THE ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, LENINGRAD, WITH SELECTIONS OF LECTOTYPES
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHolotypes, lectotypes, and syntypes of pyralid moths of the subfamilies Nymphulinae, Scopariinae, Cybalomiinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, and Pyraustinae studied by the author at the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Leningrad in 1964 are catalogued. Types of 93 names are discussed; lectotypes are designated for 54 nominal species; 13 nominal species are listed for which type material could not be located. Four names are considered to be nomina nuda.
EFFECT OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE ON THE LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF AEDES VEXANS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Trpiš Milan , Shemanchuk J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe most suitable temperature for larval development of Aedes vexans Meigen was found to be 25 °C. At this temperature 86% of the larvae survived and pupated in 7 days. At 10°, 15°, 20°, and 30 °C larval development time was 46, 22, 10, and 8 days and survival rates were 17, 56, 74, and 71%, respectively. At 5 °C mortality was 100% in the first-instar stage, the last larva dying 12 days after hatching. Adults emerged in 2 to 5 days after being transferred into water at 25 °C, males emerging 2 days before the females.
FIRST RECORD OF CISSEPS FULVICOLLIS (LEPIDOPTERA: AMATIDAE) AS AN ECONOMIC DESTRUCTIVE INSECT ON GRAIN CORN IN CANADA
Authors: Hudon Marcel , Perron J. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn mid-July 1969, an extremely heavy population of the yellow-collared scape-moth, Cisseps fulvicollis (Hübner), was observed in a 45-acre field of grain corn at Napierville, Que. Larval feeding was heavily concentrated on the lower leaves of the plants, leaving only the mid-rib of the leaves unattacked. Approximately 92% of the pupae were parasitized by Itoplectis conquisitor (Say) and Ichneumon sp. of the group winkleyi, thereby reducing the moth population quite substantially. From samples of ears taken at harvest in the unattacked and infested portions of the field, the reduced yield was evaluated at about 7%.This is apparently the first published record of this amatid moth as an economic injurious insect on grain corn in Canada.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIFE CYCLE AND IMMATURE STAGES OF NEOCHIROSIA ATRIFRONS (DIPTERA: SCATOPHAGIDAE)
Authors: Neff S. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis species is a member of the Delininae whose species with known life histories all attack plants belonging to the Liliaceae and Orchidaceae. Eggs are laid singly or in groups of up to 15 eggs on the abaxial surface of Veratrum viride leaves. Larvae produce extensive blotch mines as they feed upon the mesophyll layer. Puparia are formed in the soil, and the pupa is the overwintering stage of this univoltine species. A table outlining larval attributes of the Scatophaginae and Delininae is given.