bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flock management and histomoniasis in free-range turkeys in France: description and search for potential risk factors
Authors: CALLAIT-CARDINAL M. P. , GILOT-FROMONT E. , CHOSSAT L. , GONTHIER A. , CHAUVE C. , ZENNER L. 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYThe relationship between flock management and histomoniasis, a re-emergent infection in poultry, was investigated by statistical techniques used in veterinary epidemiology to deal with various problems including: multicollinearity, confounding, interaction or sample size. Associations between the variables describing flock management were examined by multivariate descriptive analysis to reduce the number of independent variables, prior to investigating associations with the disease. No homogenous groups of farms were found in the 44 free-range turkey flocks sampled in France. Histomonas meleagridis was identified in 26/38 flocks and histomoniasis was confirmed in 19 flocks. Cleanliness of the building, wet litter and diarrhoea were linked with H. meleagridis and severity of histomoniasis. Sharing outdoor fields simultaneously with chickens was related to serious macroscopic lesions determined by post-mortem examinations. Contrary to general belief, acidification of drinking water with organic acid had consistent association with the presence of H. meleagridis in turkey caeca. These results confirm previous findings and provide several new hypotheses on the effects of hygiene and water management on H. meleagridis and histomoniasis.
MIREOT: the Minimum Information to Reference an External Ontology Term
Authors: Courtot Mélanie , Gibson Frank , Lister Allyson , Malone James , Schober Daniel , Brinkman Ryan , Ruttenberg Alan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWhile the Web Ontology Language (OWL) provides a mechanism to import ontologies, this mechanism is not always suitable. First, given the current state of editing tools and the issues they have working with large ontologies, direct OWL imports have sometimes proven impractical for day-to-day development. Second, ontologies chosen for integration may be under active development and not aligned with the chosen design principles. Importing heterogeneous ontologies in their entirety may lead to inconsistencies or unintended inferences. In this paper we propose a set of guidelines for importing required terms from an external resource into a target ontology. We describe the guidelines, their implementation, present some examples of application, and outline future work and extensions.
The Effects of Climate Change on the Phenological Interactions of Plants and Pollinators
Authors: Inouye David 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSymposium title: Interdisciplinary Canary: Linkages between Ecology and Sustainable Decision Making in a Dynamic Environment*1)
Background/Question/Methods*
The responses of pollinators to climate change could include changes in phenology of migratory pollinators and in the routes or destinations for their migration, changes in the phenology and distribution of non-migratory species, and changes in the host plants they visit for nectar and pollen. Plants face similar challenges with regard to changes in their distributions, their reproductive phenology, and interactions with both co-flowering species and pollinators (competition, facilitation, etc.). Unless pollinators and their host plants are responding similarly to changing environmental cues that affect their phenology, their historical patterns of interaction, both mutualistic and competitive, are likely to change. Long-term data are essential to investigating which if any of these potential outcomes are occurring. A 36-year record of abundance and phenology of flowering of 90+ wildflower species, surveys of the altitudinal distribution of bumble bees in the 1970s and the past few years, and data from a long-term Malaise trap sampling program, all near the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (West Elk mountains, Colorado) are used for this investigation.

Results/Conclusions*
Although the flowering phenology of all species examined to date is affected by a single environmental event, disappearance of the winter snowpack (range 22 April -19 June since 1975), either their responses to that single cue are not uniform, or different species respond to additional cues in addition to snowmelt (e.g., growing degree days). Thus the community of co-flowering species varies temporally and quantitatively among years; differential sensitivity to frost damage is an example of an environmental variable that generates the quantitative variation among years, and is in turn affected by date of snowmelt. Arrival dates of migratory Broad-tailed Hummingbirds are significantly correlated with the amount of snow remaining on 30 April, and with the day of first flowering of Erythronium grandiflorum (glacier lily), the first flower that they visit at this site in the spring. Altitudinal distributions of at least some bumble bee species, and of the flowers they feed on, are also changing, with one bee species occurring about 600m higher than it did 30 years ago and one wildflower (Mertensia cilata) disappearing from lower altitudes where it was historically common. As these communities of plants and pollinators respond to environmental changes with changes in phenology and distribution, new interactions will be created and old ones will be lost.
The value of information in fisheries management: North Sea herring as an example
Authors: Mäntyniemi Samu , Kuikka Sakari , Rahikainen Mika , Kell Laurence T. , Kaitala Veijo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMäntyniemi, S., Kuikka, S., Rahikainen, M., Kell, L. T., and Kaitala, V. 2009. The value of information in fisheries management: North Sea herring as an example. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2278–2283. We take a decision theoretical approach to fisheries management, using a Bayesian approach to integrate the uncertainty about stock dynamics and current stock status, and express management objectives in the form of a utility function. The value of new information, potentially resulting in new control measures, is high if the information is expected to help in differentiating between the expected consequences of alternative management actions. Conversely, the value of new information is low if there is already great certainty about the state and dynamics of the stock and/or if there is only a small difference between the utility attached to different potential outcomes of the alternative management action. The approach can, therefore, help when deciding on the allocation of resources between obtaining new information and improving management actions. In our example, we evaluate the value of obtaining hypothetically perfect knowledge of the type of stock–recruitment function of the North Sea herring (Clupea harengus) population.
Effect of drying temperatures on chemical and morphological properties of acorn flours
Authors: Correia Paula R. , Leitão António E. , Beirão‐da‐Costa Maria L. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryDrying curves at different temperatures were established for Quercus suber and Quercus rotundifolia fruits. Flours produced by milling fruits dried at different conditions were evaluated for colour, starch granules morphology, amylose and sugars content. The drying temperature was positively related to the reducing sugar content and negatively to starch content. The amilose content generally increased with drying temperature and the effect was more evident for the Q. rotundifolia. Results showed that flour colour parameters generally decreased with increased drying temperature. However, the drying temperature does not seem to affect starch morphology. It can also be stated that Q. suber produced darker flours, higher amylose and reducing sugar content, and bigger starch granules. Q. rotundifolia showed a lower level of damaged starch and higher fat and disaccharides content. According to the results, it was possible to conclude that drying temperature exerted marked effects on the properties of acorn flours in both studied species.
Influence of sodium and calcium ions on rheological behaviour of wheat glutenins extracted in alkaline ethanol solution
Authors: Song Yihu , Zheng Qiang 
Published: August 2009

SummaryWheat glutenins were extracted in alkaline aqueous solution containing 50% (v/v) ethanol and 0.025 m NaOH from the gluten residue after extraction using 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol. Rheological behaviours of the solutions were investigated as a function of protein concentration and ion strength. Sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+) ions have different influences on the rheological behaviour of the glutenin solution of 48 mg mL−1. While addition of Na+ results in Newtonian fluids with a reduction in apparent viscosity in comparison with the salt‐free solution, addition of Ca2+ leads to the formation of a viscoelastic network with enhanced shear‐thinning. The solutions containing 0.2 m and 0.4 m Ca2+ exhibit yielding at low strain rates. The solution containing 0.6 m Ca2+ behaves as a pseudoplastic fluid with the appearance of two Newtonian plateaus at low and high strain‐rate limits.
Extraction of volatile and semi‐volatile components from oak wood used for aging wine by miniaturised pressurised liquid technique
Authors: Alañón Maria Elena , Ramos Lourdes , Díaz‐Maroto Maria Consuelo , Pérez‐Coello Maria Soledad , Sanz Jesús 
Published: August 2009

SummaryA miniaturised pressurised liquid technique has been applied to the extraction of volatile compounds present in oak wood samples used in making wine. The solvent extraction performed at high pressure and temperature has allowed the detection of a large number of compounds some of which present sensory and antioxidant properties. The effect of the main process variables on the efficiency of extraction has been studied: the composition of the extracted fraction depended mainly on the polarity of the solvent and the extraction temperature had a high influence on the extracted amount, while the effect of static extraction time and pressure were almost negligible. The highest recoveries were obtained for dichloromethane, for two static 10‐min extraction cycles at 60 °C. Among the solvent extraction techniques, miniaturised pressurised liquid extraction presents several advantages, such as the use of reduced amounts of both sample and solvent and high extraction efficiency.
A pilot study into the chemical and sensorial effect of thyme and pennyroyal essential oil on hens eggs
Authors: Smith Tegan J. , George David R. , Sparagano Olivier A. E. , Seal Chris , Shiel Robert S. , Guy Jonathan H. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryPreviously, it has been shown that thyme and pennyroyal essential oils have potential as acaricides against the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. The effect of these oils on the occurrence of taint in hens’ eggs was investigated using in vitro immersion tests and in vivo methods where poultry huts containing laying hens were sprayed weekly with oil. Analysis of extracts from eggs by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) showed that no detectable taint was present in hens’ eggs. However, consumer sniff tests, although restricted and only preliminary in nature, showed a significant negative response to the smell of both unbroken and cracked open eggs between those taken from poultry huts treated with pennyroyal essential oil and all other eggs tested. Some essential oils, such as thyme, may be more suitable as an acaracidal product than others, such as pennyroyal, for the use within a commercial poultry system for laying hens.
Reduction of Aspergillus parasiticus on hazelnut surface by UV‐C treatment
Authors: Basaran Pervin 
Published: August 2009

SummaryThe reduction in counts of Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin production was assessed on hazelnuts after 254 nm UV‐C treatment. A 2 log reduction in Aspergillus spp. counts was observed after 2 h reperated UV‐C treatment on hazelnuts. Only one dose treatment of 6 h UV‐C was sufficient to yield nearly 25% reduction in aflatoxin B1 and G1, but this dose had no effect on aflatoxin B2 and G2. SDS‐PAGE of the crude extracellular protein isolated at different growth periods of A. parasiticus in liquid medium revealed production of twelve extracellular proteins starting from day 4 of inoculation, and all twelve proteins decreased after UV‐C radiation. No molecular changes in macromolecular components of hazelnut with UV‐C treatment were detected by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy.
Phylogeography of Southern Water Vole (Arvicola sapidus): evidence for refugia within the Iberian glacial refugium?
Authors: CENTENO‐CUADROS A. , DELIBES M. , GODOY J. A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe role of Southern European peninsulas as glacial refugia for temperate species has been widely established, but phylogeographic patterns within refugia are being only recently addressed. Here we describe the phylogeographic patterns for Southern water vole (Arvicola sapidus) in its whole distribution across Iberia and France. Control region and cytochrome b sequences were obtained for 228 samples from 130 localities across Iberia and France. Eighty‐five haplotypes were found in total yielding a high overall mitochondrial diversity (π = 0.027; H = 0.974). Phylogeographic structure was relatively shallow (3.1% average intraspecific divergence) with few supported clades and 95% and 90% maximum parsimony unconnected networks, but significant, as reflected in increased pairwise nucleotide divergences with distance (r = 0.197, P = 0.03) and significant autocorrelation up to ∼500 km. Spatial analysis of molecular variance analysis detected seven geographical groups explaining 43.73% of the total mitochondrial variation. We detected demographic expansions in three of these groups. A recent colonization of France from Iberia was suggested and estimated around 62 000 years bp by an isolation‐with‐migration model. Our results suggest the contribution of episodes of isolation in glacial subrefugia in Iberia, but seem to exclude a long‐term isolation over successive glacial cycles. Phylogeographic divergence was probably tempered by relatively large population sizes and rapid and extensive mixing among subrefugia during interglacials, that might have eroded the phylogeographic structure accumulated at glacial peaks. Phenotypic differences in A. sapidus do not delineate historically isolated intraspecific divisions and do not warrant subspecific delimitations. Our results do support the existence of subrefugia within Iberia and their role in promoting intraspecific divergences.
How sympatric is speciation in the Howea palms of Lord Howe Island?
Authors: BABIK WIESŁAW , BUTLIN ROGER K. , BAKER WILLIAM J. , PAPADOPULOS ALEXANDER S. T. , BOULESTEIX MATTHIEU , ANSTETT MARIE‐CHARLOTTE , LEXER CHRISTIAN , HUTTON IAN , SAVOLAINEN VINCENT 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe two species of the palm genus Howea (Arecaceae) from Lord Howe Island, a minute volcanic island in the Tasman Sea, are now regarded as one of the most compelling examples of sympatric speciation, although this view is still disputed by some authors. Population genetic and ecological data are necessary to provide a more coherent and comprehensive understanding of this emerging model system. Here, we analyse data on abundance, juvenile recruitment, pollination mode and genetic variation and structure in both species. We find that Howea forsteriana is less abundant than Howea belmoreana. The genetic data based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms markers indicate similar levels of variation in the two species, despite the estimated census population size of H. belmoreana being three times larger than that of H. forsteriana. Genetic structure within species is low although some weak isolation by distance is detectable. Gene flow between species appears to be extremely limited and restricted to early‐generation hybrids – only three admixed individuals, classified as F2s or first generation backcrosses to a parental species, were found among sampled palms. We conclude that speciation in Howea was indeed sympatric, although under certain strict definitions it may be called parapatric.
Strong founder effects and low genetic diversity in introduced populations of Coqui frogs
Authors: PEACOCK MARY M. , BEARD KAREN H. , O’NEILL ERIC M. , KIRCHOFF VERONICA S. , PETERS MAUREEN B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe success of non‐native species may depend on the genetic resources maintained through the invasion process. The Coqui (Eleutherodactylus coqui), a frog endemic to Puerto Rico, was introduced to Hawaii in the late 1980s via the horticulture trade, and has become an aggressive invader. To explore whether genetic diversity and population structure changed with the introduction, we assessed individuals from 15 populations across the Hawaiian Islands and 13 populations across Puerto Rico using six to nine polymorphic microsatellite loci and five dorsolateral colour patterns. Allelic richness (RT) and gene diversity were significantly higher in Puerto Rico than in Hawaii populations. Hawaii also had fewer colour patterns (two versus three to five per population) than Puerto Rico. We found no isolation by distance in the introduced range, even though it exists in the native range. Results suggest extensive mixing among frog populations across Hawaii, and that their spread has been facilitated by humans. Like previous research, our results suggest that Hawaiian Coquis were founded by individuals from sites around San Juan, but unlike previous research the colour pattern and molecular genetic data (nuclear and mtDNA) support two separate introductions, one on the island of Hawaii and one on Maui. Coquis are successful invaders in Hawaii despite the loss of genetic variation. Future introductions may increase genetic variation and potentially its range.
Historical vicariance and male‐mediated gene flow in the toad‐headed lizards Phrynocephalus przewalskii
Authors: URQUHART JOHN , WANG YUEZHAO , FU JINZHONG 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUsing mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA data and a population genetic approach, we tested male‐mediated gene flow in the toad‐headed lizards Phrynocephalus przewalskii. The mitochondrial DNA (ND2 gene), on the one hand, revealed two major lineages and a strong population genetic structure (FST = 0.692; FST′ = 0.995). The pairwise differences between the two lineages ranged from 2.1% to 6.4% and the geographical division of the two lineages coincided with a mountain chain consisting of the Helan and Yin Mountains, suggesting a historical vicariant pattern. On the other hand, the nuclear microsatellite DNA revealed a significant but small population genetic structure (FST = 0.017; FST′ = 0.372). The pairwise FST among the nine populations examined with seven microsatellite DNA loci ranged from 0.0062 to 0.0266; the assignment test failed to detect any naturally occurring population clusters. Furthermore, the populations demonstrated a weak isolation by distance and a northeast to southwest clinal variation, rather than a vicariant pattern. A historical vicariant event followed by male‐mediated gene flow appears to be the best explanation for the data. Approximately 2–5 Ma, climatic change may have created an uninhabitable zone along the Helan‐Yin mountain chain and initiated the divergence between the two mitochondrial lineages. With further climatic changes, males were able to disperse across the mountain chain, causing sufficient gene flow that eventually erased the vicariant pattern and drastically reduced the population genetic structure, while females remained philopatric and maintained the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) divergence. Although polygyny mating system and female philopatry may partially contribute to the reduced movement of females, other hypotheses, such as female intrasexual aggression, should also be explored.
Genetic variation in the G72 (DAOA) gene affects temporal lobe and amygdala structure in subjects affected by bipolar disorder
Authors: Zuliani Riccardo , Moorhead T William J , Job Dominic , McKirdy James , Sussmann Jessika E D , Johnstone Eve C , Lawrie Stephen M , Brambilla Paolo , Hall Jeremy , McIntosh Andrew M 
Published: August 2009

Background:  Variation in the G72 (DAOA) gene is understood to convey susceptibility for bipolar disorder through an uncertain mechanism. Little is known about the structural brain phenotypes associated with this gene. We hypothesised that reductions in temporal lobe and amygdala gray matter would be associated with variation at two loci in the gene for which evidence of genetic linkage has been repeatedly demonstrated.Methods:  We examined the temporal lobe and amygdala gray matter associations of the risk variants M23 and M24 at the 5′ end of the gene encoding G72 in 81 controls and 38 people with bipolar disorder.Results:  Genetic variation at both the M23 and M24 loci in G72 were associated with decreased gray matter density within the left temporal pole in people with bipolar disorder. M23 was also associated with reductions in right amygdala gray matter density. The genetic imaging associations were found only in patients with bipolar disorder.Conclusions:  Genetic variation at single nucleotide polymorphisms in the G72 gene previously associated with bipolar disorder is related to reductions in temporal pole and amygdala gray matter structure in people with bipolar disorder.
An initial report of a new biological marker for bipolar disorder: P85 evoked brain potential
Authors: Patterson Julie V , Sandman Curt A , Ring Alex , Jin Yi , Bunney Jr. William E 
Published: August 2009

Objectives:  Progress toward understanding the neurobiological and genetic underpinnings of bipolar disorder has been limited by the scarcity of potential biological markers that predict its occurrence. A measure of the integrity of brain inhibitory function, sensory gating, measured using the amplitude of the evoked potential at 50 ms to the first of two paired clicks divided by the response to the second, has been characterized as a biological marker for schizophrenia. Currently, no such biological marker exists for bipolar disorder. The goal of this research was to determine how gating of an auditory brain potential at 85 ms (P85), not previously examined in sensory gating studies, differentiated control and patient groups.Methods:  P50 and P85 auditory evoked potentials were collected from individuals diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder (n = 45), paranoid schizophrenia (n = 66), and bipolar I disorder (n = 42) using DSM‐IV criteria and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV; and from 56 healthy controls.Results:  The P85 gating ratio was significantly larger in the bipolar disorder group compared to each of the other groups (F3,204 = 5.47, p = 0.001, and post‐hoc tests). The P50 gating ratio was significantly larger for the schizoaffective group than for the control group (F3,204 = 2.81, p = 0.040), but did not differ from the ratio for the schizophrenia, paranoid type (p = 0.08) and bipolar groups.Conclusions:  The previously unstudied P85 gating ratio may provide a new marker specific to bipolar disorder. The findings will promote further studies to investigate the unique contribution of this measure as an endophenotype.