bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vesicles Formation Induced by Layered Double Hydroxides in Mixture of Lauryl Sulfonate Betaine and Sodium Dodecyl Benzenesulfonate
Authors: Nie Hongqian , Song Shue , Hou Wanguo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper reports that structurally positively charged layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanoparticles induce the vesicle formation in a mixture of a zwitterionic surfactant, lauryl sulfonate betaine (LSB), and an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS). The existence of vesicles was demonstrated by negative‐staining (NS‐TEM) and freeze‐fracture (FF‐TEM) transmission electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The size of vesicles increased with the increase of volume ratio (Q) of Mg3Al‐LDHs sol to the SDBS/LSB solution. A new composite of LDHs nanoparticles encapsulated in vesicles was formed. A possible mechanism of LDHs‐induced vesicle formation was suggested. The positive charged LDHs surface attracted negatively charged micelles or free amphiphilic molecules, which facilitated their aggregation into a bilayer membrane. The bilayer membranes could be closed to form vesicles that have LDHs particles encapsulated. It was also found that an adsorbed compound layer of LSB and SDBS micelles or molecules on the LDHs surface played a key role in the vesicle formation.
Lanthanum Chloride Promoted Proliferation with Enhanced S‐phase Entry and Inhibited Potassium Currents of NIH 3T3 Cells
Authors: Zhang Liping , Li Zhuoyu , Yang Pin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe effects of La3+ on proliferation, cell cycles, apoptosis and ion channels were investigated in mouse embryo fibroblast NIH 3T3 cells and its possible mechanisms were explored. Our data showed that La3+ promoted cell proliferation with increased S‐phase entry and inhibited the outward potassium currents in a concentration‐dependent manner in NIH 3T3 cells. La3+ and Ca2+ had synergistic effect on cell proliferation and cell cycles. It showed that Ca2+ was needed for La3+‐promoted cell cycle progression. Using the whole‐cell voltage‐clamp technique, we found that La3+ blocked the outward potassium current in a concentration‐dependent manner in NIH 3T3 cells. Lanthanum ions can increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration through inhibition of potassium currents, which induce a series of physiological changes and improve proliferation of cells. This may be one of the molecular mechanisms of lanthanum ions induced cell proliferation. The present work provides a new perspective for understanding the biological and toxicological effects of lanthanum.
Polyclonal Treg cells modulate T effector cell trafficking
Authors: Davidson Todd S. , Shevach Ethan M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this study, we have analyzed the in vivo dynamics of the interaction between polyclonal Foxp3+ Treg cells, effector T (Teff) cells, and DCs in order to further our understanding of the mechanisms of Treg cell‐mediated suppression. Cotransfer of polyclonal activated Treg cells into healthy mice attenuated the induction of EAE. Suppression of disease strongly correlated with a reduced number of Teff cells in the spinal cord, but not with Treg cell‐mediated inhibition of Th1/Th17 differentiation. Cotransfer of Treg cells with TCR‐Tg Teff cells followed by immunization by multiple routes resulted in an enhanced number of Teff cells in the lymph nodes draining the site of immunization without an inhibition of Teff‐cell differentiation. Fewer Teff cells could be detected in the blood in the presence of Treg cells and fewer T cells could access a site of antigen exposure in a modified delayed‐type hypersensitivity assay. Teff cells recovered from LNs in the presence of Treg cells expressed decreased levels of CXCR4, syndecan, and the sphingosine phosphate receptor, S1P1 (sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor 1). Thus, polyclonal Treg cells influence Teff‐cell responses by targeting trafficking pathways, thus allowing immunity to develop in lymphoid organs, but limiting the number of potentially auto‐aggressive cells that are allowed to enter the tissues.
Double‐ and monofunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis DosR antigens and peptides in long‐term latently infected individuals
Authors: Commandeur Susanna , Lin May Y. , van Meijgaarden Krista E. , Friggen Annemieke H. , Franken Kees L. M. C. , Drijfhout Jan W. , Korsvold Gro E. , Oftung Fredrik , Geluk Annemieke , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMore than 2 billion individuals are latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Knowledge of the key Mtb antigens and responding T‐cell subsets mediating protection against Mtb is critical for developing improved tuberculosis (TB) vaccines. We previously reported that Mtb DosR‐regulon‐encoded antigens are recognized well by human T cells in association with control of Mtb infection. The characteristics of the responding T‐cell subsets, however, remained unidentified. We have therefore studied the cytokine production and memory phenotypes of Mtb DosR‐regulon‐encoded antigen‐specific T cells from individuals who had been infected with Mtb decades ago, yet never developed TB (long‐term latent Mtb‐infected individuals). Using multi‐parameter flow cytometry and intracellular cytokine staining for IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and IL‐2, we found double and single cytokine‐producing CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells to be the most prominent subsets, particularly IFN‐γ+ TNF‐α+ CD8+ T cells. The majority of these T cells comprised effector memory and effector T cells. Furthermore, CFSE labeling revealed strong CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell proliferative responses induced by several “immunodominant” Mtb DosR antigens and their specific peptide epitopes. These findings demonstrate the prominent presence of double‐ and monofunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses in naturally protected individuals and support the possibility of designing Mtb DosR antigen‐based TB vaccines.
Delayed type hypersensitivity‐induced myeloid‐derived suppressor cells regulate autoreactive T cells
Authors: Singh Vibhuti , Mueller Ulrike , Freyschmidt‐Paul Pia , Zöller Margot 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMild but efficient treatments of autoimmune diseases are urgently required. One such therapy, long‐term maintenance of chronic delayed type hypersensitivity, has been described for alopecia areata (AA), a hair follicle‐affecting autoimmune disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy are unknown, but may involve myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). AA‐affected mice were treated with squaric acid dibutyl ester (SADBE). The immunoreactivity of SADBE‐treated AA lymphocytes and of AA lymphocytes co‐cultured with SADBE‐induced MDSCs was analyzed. The curative effect of SADBE was abolished by all‐transretinoic acid, which drives MDSCs into differentiation, confirming a central role for MDSCs in therapeutic SADBE treatment. SADBE and SADBE‐induced MDSCs strongly interfered with sustained autoreactive T‐cell proliferation in response to AA skin lysate (autoantigen), which was accompanied by weak ζ‐chain down‐regulation and strongly impaired Lck activation. In contrast, activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and blockade of the anti‐apoptotic PI3K/Akt pathway by SADBE‐induced MDSCs did not require T‐cell receptor engagement. Apoptosis induction correlated with high TNF‐α expression in SADBE‐induced MDSCs and elevated TNFRI levels in AA lymphocytes. SADBE‐induced MDSCs interfere with persisting autoreactive T‐cell proliferation and promote apoptosis of these T cells, which qualifies MDSCs induced and maintained by chronic delayed type hypersensitivity reactions as promising therapeutics in organ‐related autoimmune diseases.
A Tale of Two Polymorphs – Growth and Characterization of α‐LnNiGa4 (Ln = Y, Gd–Yb) and β‐LnNi1–xGa4 (Ln = Tb–Er)
Authors: Menard Melissa C. , Drake Brenton L. , McCandless Gregory T. , Thomas Kandace R. , Hembree Richard D. , Haldolaarachchige Neel , DiTusa John F. , Young David P. , Chan Julia Y. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe single crystals of two polymorphs of LnNiGa4, namely, the orthorhombic α‐LnNiGa4 (Ln = Y, Gd–Yb) and, a new polymorph, the tetragonal β‐LnNi1–xGa4 (Ln = Tb–Er), were successfully grown by using the self‐flux method. α‐LnNiGa4 (Ln = Y, Gd–Yb) is isostructural to YNiAl4 and can be described as an edge‐sharing polyhedral of Ni@Ga7Ln2 (Ln = Y, Gd–Yb) along the ac‐plane that is sandwiched between the square nets of the Ga atoms along the b‐axis. The structure of β‐LnNi1–xGa4 (Ln = Tb–Er) is a distorted variant of the Ce2NiGa10‐structure type with a Ni deficiency and multiple Ga split positions and is structurally related to YNiGa3Ge. The magnetic data for β‐LnNi1–xGa4 (Ln = Tb–Er) and the transport properties for α‐LnNiGa4 (Ln = Y, Gd–Tm) and β‐LnNi1–xGa4 (Ln = Tb–Er) are reported. Antiferromagnetic correlations are observed in the magnetic susceptibility of β‐LnNi1–xGa4 (Ln = Tb–Er), where the magnetic transitions occurred below 7 K and with effective moments that are consistent with free Ln3+ ions.
One‐Step Stereospecific Strategy for the Construction of the Core Structure of the 5,11‐Methanomorphanthridine Alkaloids in Racemic as well as in Optically Pure Form: Synthesis of (±)‐Pancracine and (±)‐Brunsvigine
Authors: Pandey Ganesh , Kumar Ravindra , Banerjee Prabal , Puranik Vedavati G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe unique core structure of the complex pentacyclic 5,11‐methanomorphanthridine has been constructed stereospecifically in one step by an intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition of a non‐stabilized azomethine ylide (AMY), generated by the sequential double desilylation of 14 using AgIF as a one‐electron oxidant. The formation of the single diastereomer in the key step is explained by the preferred transition state produced by endo attack of the AMY on the “Re” face of the dipolarophile. An asymmetric version of the cycloaddition using a chiral dipolarophile was applied to construct the core structure 68 with 63 % ee. This strategy was successfully applied to the formal synthesis of (±)‐pancracine and the total synthesis of (±)‐brunsvigine. An unprecedented and interesting skeletal rearrangement product 49 was observed during the attempted assembly of the E ring from 46 through Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reactions. Mechanisms involving azetidinium salt formation or the Grob‐type fragmentation are advanced to explain the observed rearrangement.
CE methods for analysis of isoforms of prostate‐specific antigen compatible with online derivatization for LIF detection
Authors: Garrido‐Medina Raul , Díez‐Masa Jose Carlos , de Frutos Mercedes 
Published: July 2011

AbstractProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) is the usual biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa). However, its lack of selectivity has lead to the search for new biomarkers. PSA glycosylation seems to depend on the pathophysiological conditions of the individual. Thus, methods to separate PSA isoforms (peaks) to study their role as PCa markers are needed. In this work, CE methods for PSA isoforms separation, based on the use of different dynamic coatings, are developed using UV detection. Three complementary CE methods allowing the separation of 8 or 9 PSA isoforms are selected. The longest method takes only 17 min, while the shortest one separates 9 isoforms in < 8 min. Depending on the isoforms of interest for their use as PCa biomarker, the CE method to be used can be chosen or various of them can be combined. A remarkable aspect of these methods is that the BGEs employed are devoid of compounds with primary amino groups, making the CE methods compatible with fluorescent on‐column derivatization through amino residues. As a proof‐of‐concept, a preliminary result shows that LIF detection of labeled PSA analyzed by one of the three developed methods permits detection of glycoprotein isoforms.
Protein expression patterns associated with advanced stage ovarian cancer
Authors: Cortesi Laura , Rossi Elena , Casa Lara Della , Barchetti Andrea , Nicoli Alessia , Piana Simonetta , Abrate Martino , Sala Giovanni Battista La , Federico Massimo , Iannone Anna 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis is a comparative proteomic study on biopsies from patients with ovarian cancer to identify potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in both healthy and tumor tissue, interstitial fluid (normal interstitial fluid and tumoral interstitial fluid and peritoneal effusion. Protein expression/identification was evaluated by 2‐DE and MS analysis: six proteins showed differential expression in tumoral interstitial fluid and tumor tissue compared to normal interstitial fluid and healthy tissue: five were found to be downregulated and identified as galectin 3, glutathione S‐transferase A‐2, retinol binding protein 1, phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding protein and annexin 5, while the calgranulin, was significantly upregulated in all pathological samples, including the ascitic fluid. Validation of S100A8 overexpression in carcinoma tissue was obtained by immunohistochemistry. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report an over‐expression of calgranulin by 2‐DE associated with MS/MS analysis on surgical biopsy. The reduced expression of galectin 3 and retinol binding protein 1 in cystic fluid and serum of patients with early stage disease is confirmed in this study. The results highlight alterations in proteins that control cell‐cycle progression and apoptosis, as well as factors that modulate the activity of signal transduction pathways. Moreover, this study suggests that calgranulin expression may be used as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker.
Tauchgang tief ins Atom
Authors: Krausz Ferenc , Naeser Thorsten 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWenn alle Vorstellungen von Zeit ihre Gültigkeit verlieren: Mit Laserblitzen von Milliardsteln Sekundenbruchteilen versuchen Physiker, die ultraschnellen Bewegungen von Quantenteilchen in Echtzeit zu verfolgen. Die Experimente im Labor für Attosekundenphysik erlauben schon jetzt immer präzisere Einblicke in die Materie. Und die Lichtpulse werden immer noch kürzer.
Do French low‐income GPs choose to work less?
Authors: Samson Anne‐Laure 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn France, a significant number of General Practitioners (GPs) earn less than 1.5 times the French minimum salary. Using a representative panel of self‐employed GPs over the years 1993–2004, this paper tests whether these low‐income GPs choose to work less than all other GPs or whether they are constrained to do so. The test is based on measuring reactions to positive and negative demand shocks. As low‐income GPs do not increase activity in response to a positive demand shock but decrease activity in response to a negative demand shock, it appears that their low‐income status is attributable to a strong preference for leisure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ice‐core proxy for northerly air mass incursions into West Antarctica
Authors: Dixon Daniel A. , Mayewski Paul A. , Goodwin Ian D. , Marshall Gareth J. , Freeman Rhaelene , Maasch Kirk A. , Sneed Sharon B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA 200‐year proxy for northerly air mass incursions (NAMI) into central and western West Antarctica is developed from the examination of 19 shallow (21–150 m deep) Antarctic ice‐core non‐sea‐salt (nss) Ca2+ concentration records. The NAMI proxy reveals a significant rise in recent decades. This rise is unprecedented for at least the past 200 years and is coincident with anthropogenically driven changes in other large‐scale Southern Hemisphere (SH) environmental phenomena such as greenhouse gas (GHG) induced warming, ozone depletion, and the associated intensification of the SH westerlies. The Hysplit trajectory model is used to examine air mass transport pathways into West Antarctica. Empirical orthogonal function analysis, in combination with trajectory results, suggests that atmospheric circulation is the dominant factor affecting nssCa2+ concentrations throughout central and western West Antarctica. Ozone recovery will likely weaken the spring‐summer SH westerlies in the future. Consequently, Antarctica could lose one of its best defences against SH GHG warming. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Metastases to the pancreas: The experience of a high volume center and a review of the literature
Authors: Alzahrani Mohammed A. , Schmulewitz Nathan , Grewal Sanjeet , Lucas Fred V. , Turner Kevin O. , McKenzie Josh T. , Sussman Jeffrey J. , Ahmad Syed A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundMetastasis to the pancreas (PM) is uncommon. Several types of cancers were reported to metastasize to the pancreas. Surgery is advocated in selected patients when technically feasible and if the patient can be rendered disease free.MethodsA retrospective review of PM patients at the University of Cincinnati Pancreas Database was performed over a 7‐year time period.ResultsTwenty patients with a median age of 62.5 years were identified. Fifteen patients (75%) were males and (50%) presented with abdominal pain. Nine patients (45.0%) were offered surgical resection, distal pancreatectomy was the most common procedure (n = 4, 44.4%). The commonest pathology was RCC (60%), followed by lung (20%), colon (15%), and breast (5%). Median disease free interval (DFI) was 96 months for RCC, 7 months for other pathologies. Median survival was 19 months for RCC, 8.5 months for other pathologies. Based on DFI, short DFI patients (≤12 months) had worse prognosis (2‐year survival of 40%), as opposed to (2‐year survival of 80%) in longer DFI patients (P = 0.01). RCC patients with a DFI longer than 94 months had a better survival (P = 0.01). Survival of resected PM tended to be longer than non‐resected PM (P = 0.11).ConclusionsPM from RCC carries a consistently favorable prognosis compared to other pathologies. Surgical resection of PM is a safe and viable option, and, in selected patients, may improve survival. However, a period of expectant management in patients with short DFI may be considered. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:156–161. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Size‐Controlled Nanoassemblies Based on Cyclodextrin‐Modified Dextrans
Authors: Wintgens Véronique , Nielsen Thorbjørn Terndrup , Larsen Kim Lambertsen , Amiel Catherine 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNanoassemblies formed by host/guest interactions between two polymers in aqueous media are studied. Two types of polymers with the same dextran backbone are modified with adamantyl or βCD groups. The sizes of the spontaneously formed nanoassemblies depend on the βCD:Ada ratio and on the total concentration and composition of the mixtures. The results can be rationalized by assuming a core/shell structure of the nanoassemblies, the core resulting from associative phase separation of the two polymers and being stabilized by an external shell made of Ada‐grafted dextran and containing ions adsorbed from the solution. Hydrophobic compounds such as benzophenone can be incorporated efficiently without inducing changes in properties of the nanoassemblies. magnified image
Biodegradable Green Composites from Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) and a Polyhydroxy(butyrate‐co‐valerate) (PHBV)‐Based Bioplastic
Authors: Zarrinbakhsh Nima , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar Kumar 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBiodegradable green composites from distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a major coproduct of the corn ethanol industry, and a polyhydroxy(butyrate‐co‐valerate) (PHBV)‐based bioplastic were successfully produced. Green surface treatment of DDGS was performed and thermogravimetric analysis showed noticeable improvement in the degradation onset temperature of DDGS from 140 to 235 °C; this was a key point during melt processing of the composite. Utilizing compatibilizer improved the adhesion between DDGS and the matrix, which was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The green composite containing treated and compatibilized DDGS showed an enhanced modulus (by about 28% from 1.77 to 2.26 GPa) and an improved heat deflection temperature (by about 21% from 109 to 132 °C) compared to the polymeric matrix, while having tensile and flexural strengths equal to or greater than the respective properties of the matrix.magnified image
Vom antiken Purpur zur organischen Solarzelle
Authors: Hartmann Horst 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFarbstoffe dienten seit jeher nicht nur dazu, menschliche Lebensräume und den eigenen Körper attraktiver zu gestalten, sondern auch, um Informationen auszutauschen und wichtige Ereignisse im Bild festzuhalten. Ab dem 18. Jahrhundert verwendeten die Menschen dafür synthetische Färbemittel.
Viren mit Leitfähigkeit detektieren
Authors: Rudolph Bettina , Seise Barbara , Triebe Anja , Kaulfuß Toni , Kretschmer Robert , Urban Matthias , Weber Karina , Möller Robert 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDie Jenaer Biochip‐Initiative hat ein chipbasiertes Verfahren entwickelt, das anders als etablierte Biochips den Gleichstromwiderstand als Messgröße nutzt. Damit lassen sich Krankheitserreger wie das Maul‐und‐Klauenseuche‐Virus schnell und spezifisch identifizieren.
Modulation of Electron Tunneling in a Nanoparticle Array by Sound Waves: An Avenue to High‐Speed, High‐Sensitivity Sensors
Authors: Berry Vikas , Saraf Ravi F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractUsing an electrostatic self‐assembly process, metal nanoparticles are deposited on polyelectrolyte fibers such that the interparticle distance between the nanoparticles is comparable to the polyelectrolyte's molecular width. By modulating the dielectric properties of the interparticle polymer layer, a highly sensitive, reversible humidity sensor with an ultrafast response time of ≈3 ms is demonstrated. The higher sensitivity at low humidity shows a conductivity increase by over two orders of magnitude in response to a change in relative humidity from 21 to 1%.
Polymersome‐Loaded Capsules for Controlled Release of DNA
Authors: Lomas Hannah , Johnston Angus P. R. , Such Georgina K. , Zhu Zhiyuan , Liang Kang , Van Koeverden Martin P. , Alongkornchotikul Siripong , Caruso Frank 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe formation of a novel drug‐delivery carrier for the controlled release of plasmid DNA that comprises layer‐by‐layer polymer capsules subcompartmentalized with pH‐sensitive nanometer‐sized polymersomes is reported. The amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate)‐block‐poly(2‐(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) forms polymersomes at physiological pH, but transitions to unimeric polymer chains upon acidification to cellular endocytic pH. These polymersomes can thus release an encapsulated payload in response to a change in pH from physiological to endocytic conditions. Multicomponent layer‐by‐layer capsules are formed by exploiting the ability of tannic acid to act as an efficient hydrogen‐bond donor for both the polymersomes and poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) at physiological pH. These capsules show release of a plasmid DNA payload encapsulated within the polymersome subcompartments in response to changes in pH between physiological and endocytic conditions.