bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P044 Contraception continuation rates in the under 18s
Authors: Lawton Katie , Malone Tessa 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionEngland has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe. Although there is a wide selection of available contraceptives, they must be used consistently and correctly to prevent pregnancy.There is limited data on contraception continuation rates in teenagers in the UK.This audit aims to establish baseline continuation rates of the contraceptive pill/injection in <18’s within a sexual health service.MethodsA retrospective audit on all 305 <18’s started on the contraceptive pill/injection between Jan-March 2014. Continuation rates at 6 and 12 months were compared with the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth in the United States, standards cited by FSRH guidance.ResultsThe continuation rates of the combined oral contraceptive pill (COC) at 6 and 12 months were 59% and 44.9% respectively, the progesterone only pill (POP) were 37.3% and 23.6% respectively and the injection were 60% and 22.9% respectively.DiscussionThe continuation rates were lower than the standard when compared with women of all ages. However, using age-adjusted rates, the COC continuation rate exceeded the standard by 3%, and the POP and injection rates were closer to the standard.The COC had the highest continuation rate, suggesting the COC should be the method of choice in <18’s.Continuation rates dropped off more sharply in the first 6 months, suggesting this is the crucial time to remind, educate and engage with teenagers.Continuation rates were higher in the section of the service with a dedicated vulnerable young persons’ worker.
P046 3 cases of trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnancy
Authors: Cheserem Emily , Conway Katie , Forrester Anne , Street Emma , Chaudhry Farah , Mammen-Tobin Amy 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionTrichomonas vaginalis (TV) is not common in the UK, with under 7,000 cases in 2015. It is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, and consensus on treatment pathways in persistent infection is needed. We present 3 cases of TV infection in pregnancy from 2 UK centres.MethodsA retrospective review of electronic case records was performed.ResultsThe median age was 21 years (range 20–31), with a median presentation at 13 weeks (range 7–22). Discharge was the main presenting symptom. Initial microscopy was performed in 2/3 and was positive; culture was positive in 3/3. All patients initially received oral Metronidazole 400mg twice daily for 5–7 days. At test of cure (TOC), one patient (Pt 1) remained positive, the second (Pt 2) did not attend, and the third (Pt 3) was negative. However, Pt 2 and Pt 3 re-presented after 5 weeks and 3 months, respectively: Pt 2 reported poor adherence; Pt 3 denied poor adherence or re-infection risk. All underwent further treatment. Pt 1 required 3 treatment courses before cure was achieved, with Metronidazole 800mg tds for 1 week. Pt 2 received 4 courses of oral or IV Metronidazole; she awaits TOC. Pt 3 received 5 different antibiotic courses, then opted to deliver and wean her baby before re-engaging with care. All denied re-infection risk after the second treatment.DiscussionFactors that contribute to persistent TV infection in pregnancy include re-infection, poor adherence, resistance, poor engagement, and concerns about teratogenicity. Further research is needed to identify the optimal treatment strategy.
P047 Management of patients using intrauterine contraception device- how a 3d scan can help to make a diagnosis?
Authors: Aziz Najia 
Published: May 2024

Introduction3D scanning can enhance the ability of a clinician to make an accurate diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usage of 3D scanning in making a correct diagnosis of uterine anomalies and location of intrauterine contraception (IUC).MethodsIt was a retrospective analysis of patient’s notes that had 2D and 3D ultrasound done in Sexual and Reproductive healthcare clinic over a period of 6 months. All patients who had ultrasound done in relation to coil were included. The exclusion criteria were when ultrasound was done in terms of pelvic pain or bleeding and patient was not using IUC.Results90 patients were included in the analysis and all of them had both; 2D and 3D ultrasound. 57% of patients attended clinic with lost threads. 13% had bleeding problems and 8% had unsuccessful removal/insertion previously.On ultrasound examination, 88% had coil placed at fundal location and 7% had low lying coil. 5% of patients had myometrial penetration of coil. 38% of patients were reassured about coil location and in 35% of cases coil was either removed or replaced. Gynaecology referral was done in 12%. 1 patient was diagnosed with sub-septate uterus.DiscussionThis study has shown that 3D scanning enhances the image quality by facilitating in the accurate location of coil especially in cases of myometrial penetration. It also helped in diagnosis of sub-septate uterus, which is not easily plausible with 2D scanning.
P048 Attitude of healthcare professionals’ and healthcare students’ attitudes towards teenage pregnancy and parenting
Authors: Taylor Anne-Marie 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionBritain used to be known for its high rates of teenage pregnancy. It was labelled a ‘shameful record’ by the Labour government and the Teenage Pregnancy Strategy was launched. Rates of teenage pregnancy are falling. 3.4% of babies born in 2015 were to mothers under the age of 20, compared with 10.3% in 1970. Teenage pregnancy is strongly associated with social disadvantage and health problems. Studies have been done into life outcomes of teenage parents but there is limited research about attitudes of healthcare professionals towards this group.MethodsAn original 12 part questionnaire was designed to assess attitudes towards teenage pregnancy and parenting. 502 questionnaires were returned. A scoring system was devised (1–5) with 5 being a positive view and 1 being negative view using a Likert scale. Respondents could leave comments in the free text sections.Results55% of respondents think that teenage pregnancy is a public health problem. 18% had been affected by teenage pregnancy in their personal lives. 85% of respondents interact with teenage parents as part of their job role. 49% of HCPS would be happy discussing contraception with a patient of any age.Improved access to contraception was the most favoured intervention to reduce teenage pregnancy followed by media campaigns aimed at teenagers.DiscussionTeenage pregnancy can be an emotive topic and it is important to be aware of the potential stigma teenage parents may receive. This research also showed some interesting differences between attitudes towards male and female teenage parents.
P053 Together in electric screams: the frustrations of gum electronic patient records
Authors: Pao David , Stevens John , Lockton Dan 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionMany GUM clinics have shifted from paper to Electronic Patient Records (EPR). While paper has limitations, its natural functionality – e.g. free-form writing, sketching and page-turning – is intuitive and easy to exploit. EPR promises so much, but how easy or intuitive is it in current clinical GUM practice?MethodsA mixed methods paper survey asking GUM clinicians about the EPR they use.Part one asked about usability and function with fourteen 7-point Likert-scale items. Part two guided respondents to describe qualitatively how EPR affected their sense of the clinical consultation.ResultsOut of 33 surveys distributed, 28 were returned (85%) by mixed staff groups from 3 clinics using the same EPR.Likert-scale items underwent chi-square analysis after collapsing responses into positive and negative groups. All 14 items were negatively skewed away from neutral; 8 of these were significant (p<0.05): history overview, accuracy with multiple visits, getting lost, mirroring clinical reality, use of graphics, amount of clicking, searchability and support of clinical practice. Further analysis will explore this deviation from neutral.Qualitative responses described frustration, reduced competence/autonomy, interrupted flow, poor eye contact, poor history overview, repeated questions - particularly with symptomatic patients or with multiple episodes of care.DiscussionThere is dissatisfaction with this EPR system, both in the way it functions and its impact on the clinician-patient consultation. Further research is warranted to assess the extent of these issues with other GUM EPR systems, and to explore ways of engaging with clinical information that help rather than hinder clinical performance.
Analytical and experimental evaluation of two-layered unsaturated sand bearing capacity
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Hasan , Akbari Fereshteh , Khayatian Hossein 
Published: May 2024

Pavement design methods based on principles of unsaturated soil mechanics take into account high soil shear strength due to matric suction resulting in more economical design especially in long roads. In this study, the bearing capacity of two-layer unsaturated sand was investigated using both analytical and experimental methods. At first, using the limit equilibrium method an analytical formula was proposed to determine the bearing capacity of two-layer unsaturated sand in which linear suction profile was considered in soil layers. It should be considered that the constant matric suction distribution assumed by the previous researchers does not show the real profile of matric suction within the soil, sometimes resulting in miscalculated unsaturated bearing capacity. Also, the bearing capacity of two-layer unsaturated poorly graded sand was investigated experimentally in different suctions by a special unsaturated chamber apparatus (UCA) designed for this purpose. The results show more than double increase of unsaturated soil bearing capacity with Sr = 25% compared to saturated soil. The formation of failure wedges in all experiments was investigated by image processing. An acceptable agreement was obtained between the theoretical and experimental bearing capacity results.
The Dirac equation as a linear tensor equation for one component
Authors: Akhmeteli Andrey 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Dirac equation is one of the most fundamental equations of modern physics. It is a spinor equation, but some tensor equivalents of the equation were proposed previously. Those equivalents were either nonlinear or involved several components of the Dirac field. On the other hand, the author showed previously that the Dirac equation in electromagnetic field is equivalent to a fourth-order equation for one component of the Dirac spinor. The equivalency is used in this work to derive a linear tensor equivalent of the Dirac equation for just one component. This surprising result can be used in applications of the Dirac equation, for example, in general relativity or for lattice approximation of the Dirac field, and can improve our understanding of the Dirac equation.
Treatment approach and outcomes of patients with accelerated/blast-phase myeloproliferative neoplasms in the current era
Authors: Patel Anand A. , Yoon James J. , Johnston Hannah , Davidson Marta B. , Shallis Rory M. , Chen Evan C. , Burkart Madelyn , Oh Timothy S. , Iyer Sunil G. , Madarang Ellen , Muthiah Chandrasekar , Gross Iyana , Dean Raven , Kassner Joshua , Viswabandya Auro , Madero-Marroquin Rafael , Rampal Raajit K. , Guru Murthy Guru Subramanian , Bradley Terrence , Abaza Yasmin , Garcia Jacqueline S. , Gupta Vikas , Pettit Kristen M. , Cursio John F. , Odenike Olatoyosi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Progression of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) to accelerated or blast phase is associated with poor survival outcomes. Since 2017 there have been several therapies approved for use in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); these therapies have been incorporated into the management of accelerated/blast-phase MPNs (MPN-AP/BP). We performed a multicenter analysis to investigate outcomes of patients diagnosed with MPN-AP/BP in 2017 or later. In total, 202 patients were identified; median overall survival (OS) was 0.86 years. We also analyzed patients based on first-line treatment; the 3 most common approaches were intensive chemotherapy (n = 65), DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi)-based regimens (n = 65), and DNMTi + venetoclax–based regimens (n = 54). Median OS was not significantly different by treatment type. In addition, we evaluated response by 2017 European LeukemiaNet AML criteria and 2012 MPN-BP criteria in an effort to understand the association of response with survival outcomes. We also analyzed outcomes in 65 patients that received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT); median OS was 2.30 years from time of allo-HSCT. Our study demonstrates that survival among patients with MPN-AP/BP is limited in the absence of allo-HSCT even in the current era of therapeutics and underscores the urgent need for new agents and approaches.
Comparing chemical transfection, electroporation, and lentiviral vector transduction to achieve optimal transfection conditions in the Vero cell line
Authors: Jamour Parisa , Jamali Abbas , Langeroudi Arash Ghalyanchi , Sharafabad Behrouz Ebadi , Abdoli Asghar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Transfection is an important analytical method for studying gene expression in the cellular environment. There are some barriers to efficient DNA transfection in host cells, including circumventing the plasma membrane, escaping endosomal compartmentalization, autophagy, immune sensing pathways, and translocating the nuclear envelope. Therefore, it would be very useful to introduce an optimum transfection approach to achieve a high transfection efficiency in the Vero cell line. The aim of this study was to compare various transfection techniques and introduce a highly efficient method for gene delivery in Vero cells.

Methods
In the current study, three transfection methods were used, including chemical transfection, electroporation, and lentiviral vector transduction, to obtain the optimum transfection conditions in the Vero cell line. Vero cells were cultured and transfected with chemical transfection reagents, electroporation, or HIV-1-based lentivectors under different experimental conditions. Transfection efficiency was assessed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy to detect GFP-positive cells.

Results
Among the tested methods, TurboFect™ chemical transfection exhibited the highest efficiency. Optimal transfection conditions were achieved using 1 µg DNA and 4 µL TurboFect™ in 6 × 104 Vero cells.

Conclusion
TurboFect™, a cationic polymer transfection reagent, demonstrated superior transfection efficiency in Vero cells compared with electroporation and lentivirus particles, and is the optimal choice for chemical transfection in the Vero cell line.
Epiphytic and endophytic bacteria on Camellia oleifera phyllosphere: exploring region and cultivar effect
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Li Lili , He Yuanhao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe epiphytic and endophytic bacteria play an important role in the healthy growth of plants. Both plant species and growth environmental influence the bacterial population diversity, yet it is inconclusive whether it is the former or the latter that has a greater impact. To explore the communities of the epiphytic and endophytic microbes in Camellia oleifera, this study assessed three representative C. oleifera cultivars from three areas in Hunan, China by Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the diversity and species richness of endophytic microbial community in leaves were significantly higher than those of microbial community in the epiphytic. The diversity and species richness of epiphytic and endophytic microbes are complex when the same cultivar was grown in different areas. The C. oleifera cultivars grown in Youxian had the highest diversity of epiphytic microbial community, but the lowest abundance, while the cultivars grown in Changsha had the highest diversity and species richness of endophytic microbes in leaves. It was concluded that the dominant phylum mainly included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes through the analysis of the epiphytic and endophytic microbial communities of C. oleifera. The species and relative abundances of epiphytic and endophytic microbial community were extremely different at the genus level. The analysis of NMDS map and PERMANOVA shows that the species richness and diversity of microbial communities in epiphytes are greatly influenced by region. However, the community structure of endophytic microorganisms in leaves is influenced by region and cultivated varieties, but the influence of cultivars is more significant. Molecular ecological network analysis showed that the symbiotic interaction of epiphytic microbial community was more complex.
The single-cell chromatin landscape in gonadal cell lineage specification
Authors: Suen Hoi Ching , Ou Fanghong , Miu Kai-kei , Wang Zhangting , Chan Wai-yee , Liao Jinyue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGonad development includes sex determination and divergent maturation of the testes and ovaries. Recent advances in measuring gene expression in single cells are providing new insights into this complex process. However, the underlying epigenetic regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we profiled chromatin accessibility in mouse gonadal cells of both sexes from embryonic day 11.5 to 14.5 using single-cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin by sequencing (scATAC-seq). Our results showed that individual cell types can be inferred by the chromatin landscape, and that cells can be temporally ordered along developmental trajectories. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic and chromatin-accessibility maps identified multiple putative regulatory elements proximal to key gonadal genes Nr5a1, Sox9 and Wt1. We also uncover cell type-specific regulatory factors underlying cell type specification. Overall, our results provide a better understanding of the epigenetic landscape associated with the progressive restriction of cell fates in the gonad.
Genome-wide expression analysis of LACS gene family implies GhLACS25 functional responding to salt stress in cotton
Authors: Xu Yuchen , Fu Shouyang , Huang Yiwen , Zhou Dayun , Wu Yuzhen , Peng Jun , Kuang Meng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (LACS) is a type of acylating enzyme with AMP-binding, playing an important role in the growth, development, and stress response processes of plants.

Results
The research team identified different numbers of LACS in four cotton species (Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum). By analyzing the structure and evolutionary characteristics of the LACS, the GhLACS were divided into six subgroups, and a chromosome distribution map of the family members was drawn, providing a basis for further research classification and positioning. Promoter cis-acting element analysis showed that most GhLACS contain plant hormones (GA, MeJA) or non-biological stress-related cis-elements. The expression patterns of GhLACS under salt stress treatment were analyzed, and the results showed that GhLACS may significantly participate in salt stress response through different mechanisms. The research team selected 12 GhLACSs responsive to salt stress for tissue expression analysis and found that these genes are expressed in different tissues.

Conclusions
There is a certain diversity of LACS among different cotton species. Analysis of promoter cis-acting elements suggests that GhLACS may be involved in regulating plant growth, development and stress response processes. GhLACS25 was selected for in-depth study, which confirmed its significant role in salt stress response through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and induced expression in yeast cells.
‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ SAP11-Like protein modulates expression of genes involved in energy production, photosynthesis, and defense in Nicotiana occidentalis leaves
Authors: Mittelberger Cecilia , Moser Mirko , Hause Bettina , Janik Katrin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, the causal agent of apple proliferation disease, exerts influence on its host plant through various effector proteins, including SAP11CaPm which interacts with different TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/ CYCLOIDEA/ PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR 1 and 2 (TCP) transcription factors. This study examines the transcriptional response of the plant upon early expression of SAP11CaPm. For that purpose, leaves of Nicotiana occidentalis H.-M. Wheeler were Agrobacterium-infiltrated to induce transient expression of SAP11CaPm and changes in the transcriptome were recorded until 5 days post infiltration.

Results
The RNA-seq analysis revealed that presence of SAP11CaPm in leaves leads to downregulation of genes involved in defense response and related to photosynthetic processes, while expression of genes involved in energy production was enhanced.

Conclusions
The results indicate that early SAP11CaPm expression might be important for the colonization of the host plant since phytoplasmas lack many metabolic genes and are thus dependent on metabolites from their host plant.
Association of cooking oil and incident of frailty in older adults: a cohort study
Authors: Dai Miao , Xin Huaping , Dai Weiwei , Huang Xiaohong , Wang Xiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Studies examining the potential association between cooking oil and frailty risk in older adults have produced conflicting outcomes. Therefore, our objective was to explore the relationship between cooking oil (vegetable and animal fat oils), changes in oil usage, and the risk of frailty in older adults.

Methods
We included 4,838 participants aged ≥ 65 years without frailty (frailty index < 0.25) from the 2011 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Follow-up occurred in the 2014 and 2018 waves. Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to examine the association between cooking oil and frailty. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of switching cooking oil on frailty during the follow-up period.

Results
During a median follow-up of 3.0 (2.8–6.9) years, 1,348 individuals (27.9%) developed frailty. Compared to those using vegetable oil, users of animal fat oil had a lower risk of frailty (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.61–0.85). Participants who switched from vegetable oil to animal fat oil, as well as those consistently using animal fat oil, had lower risks of frailty with HRs of 0.70 (0.52–0.95) and 0.63 (0.51–0.77) respectively, compared to those who consistently used vegetable oil. Conversely, individuals who switched from animal fat oil to vegetable oil experienced an increased risk of frailty (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.01–1.97).

Conclusions
The utilization of animal fat oil in cooking exhibited a reduced frailty risk among older adults. Conversely, transitioning from animal fat oil to vegetable oil may elevate the risk. These findings propose that substituting vegetable oil with animal fat oil in the diet may safeguard against frailty.