bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in hydrology and erosion over a transition from grassland to shrubland
Authors: Turnbull Laura , Wainwright John , Brazier Richard E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe degradation of grasslands is a common problem across semi‐arid areas worldwide. Over the last 150 years, much of the south‐western United States has experienced significant land degradation, with desert grasslands becoming dominated by shrubs and concurrent changes in runoff and erosion which are thought to propagate further the process of degradation. Plot‐based experiments to determine how spatio‐temporal characteristics of soil moisture, runoff and erosion change over a transition from grassland to shrubland were carried out at four sites over a transition from black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) grassland to creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) shrubland at the Sevilleta NWR LTER site in New Mexico. Each site consisted of a 10 × 30 m bounded runoff plot and adjacent characterization plots with nested sampling points where soil moisture content was measured. Results show distinct spatio‐temporal variations in soil moisture content, which are due to the net effect of processes operating at multiple spatial and temporal scales, such as plant uptake of water at local scales versus the redistribution of water during runoff events at the hillslope scale. There is an overall increase in runoff and erosion over the transition from grassland to shrubland, which is likely to be associated with an increase in connectivity of bare, runoff‐generating areas, although these increases do not appear to follow a linear trajectory. Erosion rates increased over the transition from grassland to shrubland, likely related in part to changes in runoff characteristics and the increased capacity of the runoff to detach, entrain and transport sediment. Over all plots, fine material was preferentially eroded which has potential implications for nutrient cycling since nutrients tend to be associated with fine sediment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Australian rainfall trends and their relation to the southern oscillation index
Authors: Chowdhury R. K. , Beecham S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRainfall is the key climate variable that governs the spatial and temporal availability of water. In this study we identified monthly rainfall trends and their relation to the southern oscillation index (SOI) at ten rainfall stations across Australia covering all state capital cities. The nonparametric Mann–Kendall (MK) test was used for identifying significant trends. The trend free pre‐whitening approach (TFPW) was used to remove the effects of serial correlation in the dataset. The trend beginning year was approximated using the cumulative summation (CUSUM) technique and the influence of the SOI was identified using graphical representations of the wavelet power spectrum (WPS). Decreasing trends of rainfall depth were observed at two stations, namely Perth airport for June and July rainfall starting in the 1970s and Sydney Observatory Hill for July rainfall starting in the 1930s. No significant trends were found in the Melbourne, Alice Springs and Townsville rainfall data. The remaining five stations showed increasing trends of monthly rainfall depth. The SOI was found to explain the increasing trends for the Adelaide (June) and Cairns (April) rainfall data and the decreasing trends for Sydney (July) rainfall. Other possible climatic factors affecting Australian rainfall are also discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Embracing complexity across disciplines: Reflective supervision and postdegree training integrate mental health concepts with speech‐language therapy and graduate education
Authors: Shahmoon‐Shanok Rebecca , Geller Elaine 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article illustrates how relationship‐based practice and reflective supervision can augment the practice of professionals in allied health disciplines in the earliest childhood fields. The authors describe how mental health constructs were integrated into the discipline‐specific expertise of one speech‐language pathologist and how, in turn, that affected her leadership as graduate program director. The article highlights the transformations that took place within one discipline through the assimilation of a transdisciplinary, relationship‐based, and reflective model. The ongoing individual and group supervision of a speech‐language pathologist through an intensive, reflective, 2‐year experience in a postdegree certificate training program is described to explore the change process; a detailed analysis of one case is used to illustrate shifts in clinical practice and the broadening of theoretical paradigms. Further, the authors illustrate how the graduate program director implemented the use of these constructs with clinical supervisors at her university upon completion of the postdegree training program so that the supervisors could, in turn, introduce and use them with their graduate students. Finally, the benefits, concerns, and limitations of engaging in transdisciplinary work are briefly addressed.
Developing reflective skills in infant mental health postgraduate students: The Australian experience
Authors: Warren Beulah , Mares Sarah 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPostgraduate training in infant mental health (IMH) was offered by the New South Wales Institute of Psychiatry in Sydney, Australia for the first time in 1998. Since 2002, the program has been offered at the master's level by distance education to a multidisciplinary group of students across Australia and New Zealand. This article considers the various ways that the notion of reflective practice and reflective supervision is used in different disciplines and defines our understanding of its place in IMH training. The program content and delivery emphasize the development of reflective skills in students in a number of ways. These include a supportive relationship‐based approach to training; a 12‐month infant observation which provides students with the opportunity to understand early development, develop observational skills about infants and families as well as their own responses to the infant and family; ongoing clinical supervision and development of a reflective clinical journal; and study and assessment tasks that require the student to integrate new knowledge into clinical practice.
Facilitating reflective supervision in an early child development center
Authors: Emde Robert Newcomb 
Published: November 2009

AbstractReflective supervision (RS) has not been a tradition in most early child development settings. The infant mental health consultant, in successfully implementing RS, helps to articulate and affirm some basic values necessary for a community of reflective practice. These emphasize (a) participating in an environment of continuous learning and improvement and (b) engaging in an ongoing commitment to professionalism. Sets of dimensions of RS, therefore, include sharing and learning, emotional support and dealing with vulnerability, and systems sensitivity. Issues for RS training involve using yourself as a tool and learning about the science of being with others.
Dual behavior of 2‐tetralone: A new approach for the synthesis of 5‐aryl‐7,8,13,14‐tetrahydrodibenzo[a,i]phenanthridine
Authors: Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu Iyer , Karthikeyan Natesan Sundaramurthy , Aravindan Paduthapillai Gopal , Shanthi Seenan , Rathore Ravindranath S. , Lee Chang Woo 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image The one‐pot reaction of 2‐tetralone with ammonium acetate and substituted benzaldehydes affords in a good yield of 5‐aryl‐7,8,13,14‐tetrahydrodibenzo[a,i]phenanthridine or 2,4‐diaryl‐6,7‐benzo‐3‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐9‐one. The course of the reaction seems to be dictated by the position of the substituents present on the benzaldehyde ring. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
The bigger picture: towards integrating palaeoclimate and environmental data with a history of societal change
Authors: Caseldine C. J. , Turney C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecent technological and methodological advances in palaeoclimate and environmental reconstruction are increasingly allowing comparisons to historical and archaeological records of societal change. A major motivation of this work is to explore the interactions between natural and human systems on annual to millennial timescales to provide potential insights into future change. Research on this topic has shown that ancient societies in different regions of the world experienced and responded to a range of Holocene climatic and environmental changes with varying degrees of success. However, for the palaeo record to be fully exploited in this regard, it is clear that future work should focus on developing datasets that are more directly integrated with archaeological and historical evidence. Here we consider a range of issues related to achieving this aim and argue that increased interdisciplinarity through collaboration with human and social science colleagues will be critical. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionic liquids as mobile phase additives for high‐performance liquid chromatography separation of phenoxy acid herbicides and phenols
Authors: Hu Xialin , Peng Jinfeng , Huang Yuanjian , Yin Daqiang , Liu Jingfu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this present study, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([C4MIM]Cl), 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([C8MIM]Cl), and 1‐decyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([C10MIM]Cl) were adopted as mobile phase additives in the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to simultaneously separate phenoxy acid herbicides and phenols at neutral pH. It was found that by using 20 mM of [C4MIM]Cl, baseline separation and good chromatograms for all the acid compounds were obtained on a normal reversed‐phase C18 column. The retention time of the target acid compounds shortened with the increase of the alkyl chain length and the concentrations of ionic liquids, probably due to the delocalization of the positive charge on the imidazolium cation, the repulsion between chlorine ions of ionic liquids and the acid compounds, as well as the stereo‐hindrance effect. The mechanism with ionic liquids as mobile additives for the separation of acid compounds was discussed.
Role of Polyalanine Domains in β‐Sheet Formation in Spider Silk Block Copolymers
Authors: Rabotyagova Olena S. , Cebe Peggy , Kaplan David L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGenetically engineered spider silk‐like block copolymers were studied to determine the influence of polyalanine domain size on secondary structure. The role of polyalanine block distribution on β‐sheet formation was explored using FT‐IR and WAXS. The number of polyalanine blocks had a direct effect on the formation of crystalline β‐sheets, reflected in the change in crystallinity index as the blocks of polyalanines increased. WAXS analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the sample with the largest number of polyalanine blocks. This approach provides a platform for further exploration of the role of specific amino acid chemistries in regulating the assembly of β‐sheet secondary structures, leading to options to regulate material properties through manipulation of this key component in spider silks.magnified image
Thick Soft Tissue Reconstruction on Highly Perfusive Biodegradable Scaffolds
Authors: Mandoli Corrado , Mecheri Barbara , Forte Giancarlo , Pagliari Francesca , Pagliari Stefania , Carotenuto Felicia , Fiaccavento Roberta , Rinaldi Antonio , Di Nardo Paolo , Licoccia Silvia , Traversa Enrico 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe lack of a vascular network and poor perfusion is what mostly prevents three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds from being used in organ repair when reconstruction of thick tissues is needed. Highly‐porous scaffolds made of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) are prepared by directional thermally induced phase separation (dTIPS) starting from 1,4‐dioxane/PLLA solutions. The influence of polymer concentration and temperature gradient, in terms of imposed intensity and direction, on pore size and distribution is studied by comparison with scaffolds prepared by isotropic TIPS. The processing parameters are optimized to achieve an overall porosity for the 3D scaffolds of about 93% with a degree of interconnectivity of 91%. The resulting pore network is characterized by the ordered repetition of closely packed dendrite‐like cavities, each one showing stacks of 20 µm large side lamellar branches departing from 70 µm diameter vertical backbones, strongly resembling the vascular patterns. The in vitro biological responses after 1 and 2 weeks are evaluated from mesenchymal (bone marrow stromal) cells (MSC) static culturing. A novel vacuum‐based deep‐seeding method is set up to improve uniform cell penetration down to scaffold thicknesses of over 1 mm. Biological screenings show significant 3D scaffold colonization even after 18 h, while cellular retention is observed up to 14 d in vitro (DIV). Pore architecture‐driven cellular growth is accompanied by cell tendency to preserve their multi‐potency towards differentiation. Confluent tissues as thick as 1 mm were reconstructed taking advantage of the large perfusion enhanced by the highly porous microstructure of the engineered scaffolds, which could successfully serve for applications aimed at vascular nets and angiogenesis.magnified image
Multi‐Responsive Supramolecular Double Hydrophilic Diblock Copolymer Driven by Host‐Guest Inclusion Complexation between β‐Cyclodextrin and Adamantyl Moieties
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhang Yanfeng , Hu Jinming , Li Changhua , Liu Shiyong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWell‐defined β‐CD‐terminated poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (β‐CD‐PNIPAM) was synthesized via a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and click chemistry. Moreover, adamantyl‐terminated poly(2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (Ad‐PDEA) was synthesized by ATRP using an adamantane‐containing initiator. Host‐guest inclusion complexation between β‐CD and adamantyl moieties drives the formation of supramolecular double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBC) from β‐CD‐PNIPAM and Ad‐PDEA. The obtained supramolecular PNIPAM‐b‐PDEA diblock copolymer exhibits intriguing multi‐responsive and reversible micelle‐to‐vesicle transition behavior in aqueous solution by dually playing with solution pH and temperatures.magnified image
Thermally Stable Fluorescent Maleimide/Isobutene Alternating Copolymers Containing Pyrenyl and Alkynylpyrenyl Moieties in the Side Chain
Authors: Yukawa Shotaro , Omayu Akitoshi , Matsumoto Akikazu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAlternating copolymers of maleimides containing pyrenyl and alkynylpyrenyl moieties with isobutene (IB) were synthesized as a new class of heat‐resistant and fluorescent polymers. N‐(1‐Pyrenyl)maleimide (1) and N‐[4‐(1‐pyrenylethynyl)phenyl]maleimide (2) were copolymerized with IB in the presence and absence of N‐methylmaleimide (3). The obtained maleimide/IB copolymers showed excellent thermal stability and high glass transition temperatures, and were soluble in common organic solvents. The copolymers including the alkynylpyrenyl fluorophore emitted strong fluorescence with a high quantum efficiency (Φ = 0.83) even in the presence of air and upon heating. Solid‐state fluorescence in transparent films was also investigated.magnified image
The Influence of Molecular Orientation on the Yield and Post‐Yield Response of Injection‐Molded Polycarbonate
Authors: Engels Tom A. P. , Govaert Leon E. , Meijer Han E. H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe influence of the flow history experienced during injection molding on the mechanical properties of amorphous polymers is investigated. It is demonstrated that flow‐induced molecular orientation only causes a small anisotropic effect on the yield stress, which can be regarded as insignificant with respect to its absolute value. Its influence on the post‐yield strain‐hardening response is also shown to be imperceptible, in contrast to a orientation which is applied during deformation below the glas transition.magnified image
Fabrication of Regularly Patterned Microporous Films by Self‐Organization of an Amphiphilic Liquid‐Crystalline Diblock Copolymer in a Dry Environment
Authors: Chen Dong , Liu Hui , Kobayashi Takaomi , Yu Haifeng 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn amphiphilic LCBC PEO‐b‐PAz consisting of flexible PEO as a hydrophilic block and poly(methacrylic acid) containing an azobenzene moiety in side chain as a hydrophobic LC segment was synthesized and used to fabricated microporous films by spin‐coating method under a dry environment. With the help of a small amount of water, well‐arranged ellipsoidal micropores embedded in a LC matrix were obtained and the pore size is in the range of several tens µm of water. The influence of water content and rotational speed was studied in detail. It was found that regularly patterned microporous films can be prepared with certain water content, and the pore size can be easily tailored through changing the rotational speed. The obtained microporous structures showed good thermal and photo stability.magnified image
Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering from Elastomeric Networks in which the Junctions Alternate Regularly in their Functionality
Authors: Skliros Aris , Mark James E. , Kloczkowski Andrzej 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe compute scattering form factors for SANS from labeled paths in Gaussian phantom networks in which junctions alternate regularly in their functionality (the number of chains emanating from a junction). Our calculations are based on the James‐Guth model of rubber‐like elasticity, which assumes that fluctuations are strain independent, while mean vectors transform affinely with the applied strain. Kratky plots for scattering from isotropic and uniaxially stretched bifunctional networks are computed and compared with corresponding plots for the simpler unifunctional networks. The results show the effects of the length of the labeled path, extent of deformation, direction of scattering with respect to the principal axis of the deformation and the functionalities of the network junctions.magnified image
Hepato‐biliary late effects in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Castellino Sharon , Muir Andrew , Shah Ami , Shope Sheila , McMullen Kevin , Ruble Kathy , Barber Ashley , Davidoff Andrew , Hudson Melissa M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCurative therapy for childhood and adolescent cancer translates to 1 in 640 young adults being a survivor of cancer. Although acute hepato‐biliary toxicity occurs commonly during pediatric cancer therapy, the impact of antineoplastic therapy on long‐term liver health in childhood/adolescent cancer survivors is unknown. This article reviews the medical literature on late liver dysfunction following treatment for childhood/adolescent cancer. We also outline the Children's Oncology Group (COG) guidelines for screening and follow‐up of hepato‐biliary sequelae. As the population of survivors grow and age, vigilance for risks to hepatic health needs to continue based on specific exposures during curative cancer therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:663–669. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic factors in pulmonary metastasized high‐grade osteosarcoma
Authors: Buddingh Emilie P. , Anninga Jakob K. , Versteegh Michel I.M. , Taminiau Antonie H.M. , Egeler R. Maarten , van Rijswijk Catherina S.P. , Hogendoorn Pancras C.W. , Lankester Arjan C. , Gelderblom Hans 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIntroductionResection of pulmonary metastases has previously been reported to improve outcome in high‐grade osteosarcoma (OS) patients. Factors influencing survival in OS patients with pulmonary metastases are important for clinical decision making.MethodsAll 88 OS patients with pulmonary metastases either at diagnosis or during follow‐up treated at the Leiden University Medical Center between January 1, 1990 and January 1, 2008 under the age of 40 were included in this study, including 79 cases of conventional, 8 cases of telangiectatic and 1 case of small cell OS.ResultsIn total, 56 of 88 patients with pulmonary metastases were treated by metastasectomy. Resectability of pulmonary metastases was the main prognostic factor. In patients with primary non‐metastatic OS, a longer relapse free interval to pulmonary metastases was significantly associated with better survival (P = 0.02). Independent risk factors determining worse survival after metastasectomy in multivariate analysis were male sex (P = 0.05), higher number of pulmonary nodules (P = 0.03), and non‐necrotic metastases (P = 0.04). Whether surgery for recurrent pulmonary metastases was performed did not influence survival. Histological subtype of the primary tumor, histological response in the primary tumor after neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy, occurrence of local relapse, local resection or amputation of the primary tumor and age at diagnosis did not influence outcome.ConclusionThis cohort of patients with detailed follow‐up data enabled us to identify important risk factors determining survival in OS patients with pulmonary metastases. We demonstrate that after repeated metastasectomies, a subset of patients can be cured. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:216–221. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolated CNS vasculitis: Unusual presentation of relapsed Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Stepensky Polina , Waldman Elisha , Simanovsky Natalia , Fried Iris , Revel‐Vilk Shoshana , Resnick Igor B. , Weintraub Michael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe describe a 12‐year‐old boy male who presented with an expressive dysphasia after completion of treatment for unifocal Ewing sarcoma. CNS vasculitis was diagnosed by MRI/MRA and cerebral angiography. Extensive rheumatologic work‐up failed to identify an underlying primary process. Restaging studies showed no evidence of tumor. Complete neurologic recovery was achieved on prednisone. Four months later the patient developed overt, extensive metastases, confirmed by biopsy to represent recurrent Ewing sarcoma. Despite intensive therapy the patient succumbed 6 months later. This case demonstrates the unique finding of isolated CNS vasculitis as a presenting sign of Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:326–328. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.