bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co2 Laser Used For Cancer In Situ/Bowen'S Disease (Vin) And Lichen Sclerosus In The Vulvar Region
Authors: Simonsen Ernst F. 
Published: January 2011

The subject of this report is a surgical method, CO2 laser, for the treatment of non‐invasive vulvar diseases. The combination therapy consists of skinning resection of the vulva of the central lesions and skin destruction by laser evaporation of the peripheral lesions.Over a period of five years 23 patients were treated with skinning laser resection of the vulva. Primary closure of the wound was performed in all cases. In three of the patients‐two with the diagnosis of lichen sclerosus and one with Bowen's disease‐who were first treated with total skinning vulvectomy, the histopathological examination revealed invasive cancer. They were treated again with total radical vulvectomy.In all cases less than 200 ml blood was lost at the time of surgery. The average duration of the operations was 25 minutes. The central section healed within eight to twelve days. All the patients with VIN were cured after the first radical treatment. The follow‐up time is two to six years.
The loss of sadness: the public’s view
Authors: Holzinger A. , Matschinger H. , Schomerus G. , Carta M. G. , Angermeyer M. C. 
Published: January 2011

Holzinger A, Matschinger H, Schomerus G, Carta MG, Angermeyer MC. The loss of sadness: the public’s view.Objective: With the exception of bereavement, the diagnosis of major depressive disorder in the DSM‐IV does not take into account the context in which the symptoms occur. Recent criticism has maintained that common sense suggests making a distinction between depression as mental disorder and sorrow as ‘normal’ reaction to social stress. This study sets out to investigate whether the public does in fact make this distinction.Method: In spring 2009, a population‐based survey was conducted by phone in the city of Vienna (n = 1205). A fully structured interview was carried out which began with the presentation of a vignette describing a diagnostically unlabeled case of depression, with or without provision of information about preceding stressful life events.Results: Respondents presented with vignettes containing information on loss events were less likely to define depressive symptoms as indication of mental illness. They were also not as willing to recommend professional help. And if they were, they tended to less frequently recommend seeking help from someone with a medical background.Conclusion: In contrast to the conceptualization in the DSM‐IV, the public tends to perceive depressive symptoms differently depending on the context in which they occur.
Prospective Clinical Trial Evaluating a New Implant System for Implant Survival, Implant Stability and Radiographic Bone Changes
Authors: Becker William , Becker Burton E. , Hujoel Philippe , Abu Ras Zakaria , Goldstein Moshe , Smidt Ami 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: There are a few prospective studies reporting on new implant systems. When a new implant is brought to market, prospective trials should be carried out to determine the predictability of that system.Purpose: This prospective study evaluates implant survival, Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA), and crestal bone level changes for a new implant system (Neoss System, Bimodal surface, Neoss Ltd, Harrogate, UK).Materials and Methods: Seventy‐six patients, 38 females (age ranging from 23 to 57 years) and 38 males (ranging in age from 17 to 85 years) received 100 Neoss implants. Patients were consecutively enrolled in the study if they were missing one or more teeth in either arch, or a single tooth was scheduled for removal and immediate implant replacement. Evaluated implants were 4, 4.5, or 5 mm wide and were 7, 9, 11, 13, or 15 mm long. A one‐stage approach was followed. At first stage and prior to healing abutment placement RFA measurements were taken. Measurements were retaken at second stage. Fifty‐one implants were placed for restoration of single missing teeth and 49 were for short span implant bridges.Results: The cumulative survival rate at 1‐ to 2‐year interval was 93%. Average initial RFA measurement for all implants was 72.06, while the average final score was 72.58. These changes were not statistically significant. Changes in RFA scores for maxillary implants were insignificant. Forty‐two paired mandibular RFA measurements were evaluated. Initial and final mean mandibular RAF measurements were 73.65 (SD 9.203) and 77.186 (SD 6.177), respectively. These changes were statistically significant (p = .02). Sixty‐four paired radiographs were available for evaluation. Between examinations, there was an average –0.6 mm of bone loss, which was statistically significant (p = .03). On average, 4.0‐mm‐wide implants lost 0.1 mm of bone when compared with 5‐mm‐wide implants. These differences were insignificant (p = .86). Bone loss was adjusted for implant length, and tooth position and there were small, but clinically insignificant changes. Five‐millimeter‐wide implants lose 0.2 mm more than 4.0‐mm‐wide implants (p = .7). Maxillary incisors lose the least amount of bone 0.152 (p = .33).Conclusions: The implants tested in this study had initially high RAF readings, indicating good primary stability. RFA readings for implants placed in the mandible improved from baseline and the changes were statistically significant. Marginal bone levels revealed clinically insignificant bone loss from implant installation to second stage. Loss of seven implants with initially high RFA readings is surprising.
Confirmation of the supergiant fast X-ray transient nature of AX J1841.0-0536 from Swift outburst observations
Authors: Romano P. , Mangano V. , Cusumano G. , Esposito P. , Evans P. A. , Kennea J. A. , Vercellone S. , La Parola V. , Krimm H. A. , Burrows D. N. , Gehrels N. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Swift observed an outburst from the supergiant fast X-ray transient (SFXT) AX J1841.0−0536 on 2010 June 5, and followed it with X-ray Telescope (XRT) for 11 d. The X-ray light curve shows an initial flare followed by a decay and subsequent increase, as often seen in other SFXTs, and a dynamical range of ∼1600. Our observations allow us to analyse the simultaneous broad-band (0.3–100 keV) spectrum of this source, for the first time down to 0.3 keV, which can be fitted well with models usually adopted to describe the emission from accreting neutron stars in high-mass X-ray binaries, and is characterized by a high absorption (NH∼ 2 × 1022 cm−2), a flat power law (Γ∼ 0.2) and a high-energy cut-off. All of these properties resemble those of the prototype of the class, IGR J17544−2619, which underwent an outburst on 2010 March 4, whose observations we also discuss. We show how well AX J1841.0−0536 fits in the SFXT class, based on its observed properties during the 2010 outburst, its large dynamical range in X-ray luminosity, the similarity of the light curve (length and shape) to those of the other SFXTs observed by Swift and the X-ray broad-band spectral properties.
The relationship among registered nurses’ weight status, weight loss regimens, and successful or unsuccessful weight loss
Authors: Zitkus Bruce S. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract Purpose: To investigate relationships between body mass index (BMI), personality type, weight loss regimens, and successful or unsuccessful weight loss. Data sources: Seven hundred and twenty‐one registered nurses (RNs) were recruited from the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, the membership of a nursing honor society, and RNs at a large state university. Participants completed the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), a demographic survey (age, gender, height, weight, ethnicity, education status, disability, shift work hours, and prescription medication use), and questions related to their weight status, weight loss attempts, and motivation. Conclusions: RNs who had a lower BMI were more successful in losing weight than RNs who had a higher BMI. They were also more successful in their weight loss attempts if they did not use a diet regimen. Implications for practice: RNs who were successful in losing weight did not use a specified dietary regimen.
Parents’ perceptions and attitudes on childhood obesity: A Q‐methodology study
Authors: Akhtar‐Danesh Noori , Dehghan Mahshid , Morrison Katherine M. , Fonseka Sujeewa 
Published: January 2011

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate parents of young children for their perceptions on the causes of obesity, the impact of childhood obesity on health, and the barriers to successful prevention of childhood obesity. Data sources: The target population included parents who attended a clinic for their well‐baby check‐up. The study was conducted in two phases. Using Q‐methodology, 33 parents were classified into two groups representing two viewpoints: “confident in delivering healthy nutrition” and “family physical activity focused.” Conclusion: This work indicates that parents have varying foci on causation of obesity, and differ in focus on nutrition and physical activity. Most of the parents in this study were aware of healthy nutrition, and about one third of them believed in the benefits of physical activity for children and did not see being overweight or obese as a barrier to physical activity. The first group was confident in being able to deliver healthy nutrition to their family, and the second group was characterized by a focus on physical activity and its role in childhood obesity. Both groups agreed that exercising and sports are very important to a child's health status. Implications for practice: Nurse practitioners have a unique role in the health system and are one of the best facilitators to deliver health messages to the public; thus, they are able to educate parents and increase their awareness about the causes and consequences of childhood obesity.
Overweight and obesity: Pharmacotherapeutic considerations
Authors: Balkon Nancy , Balkon Craig , Zitkus Bruce S. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract Purpose: This article reviews current trends for using pharmacotherapy in combination with other weight loss modalities and offers points for consideration by clinicians in practice. Data sources: Selected evidence‐based articles and government websites. Conclusions: Pharmacotherapy as a strategy for managing overweight, obese, and extremely obese individuals remains controversial. Risk versus benefit and overall safety of prescription drugs for weight loss management remains a primary focus for consideration among clinicians and a viable topic for evidence‐based outcomes research. Implications for practice: Overweight and obesity are well accepted as critical risk factors and predictors of morbidity and mortality in individuals of all ages from childhood to senescence. In the United States, overweight and obesity exist in epidemic proportions. It is critical that primary care providers be knowledgeable about pharmacologic factors related to obesity.
Achieving consensus in follow‐up practice for routine ENT procedures: a Delphi exercise
Authors: Powell J. , El Dean H. , Carrie S. , Wilson J.A. , Paleri V. 
Published: January 2011

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2011, 36, 45–50Objectives:  To generate consensus amongst faculty members regarding follow‐up practice for well‐defined clinical scenarios using a Delphi exercise and to identify whether disseminating the consensus guidelines changed follow‐up practice.Study Design:  Generation of consensus using a Delphi exercise and an audit of follow‐up practice before and after dissemination of the resultant guidelines.Setting:  The department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery at the Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.Participants and methods:  Panel members for this exercise included 11 consultants and two associate specialists and one co‐ordinator. We identified clinical scenarios where ≥80% agreement existed that routine follow‐up appointments should not be made and subsequently disseminated guidelines widely to all medical staff. The follow‐up rates for the scenarios where consensus existed regarding follow‐up practice were audited from clinic letters before and after the guidelines were disseminated.Main outcome measures:  Agreement on scenarios where routine follow‐up appointments should not be made was assessed using a Likert scale (1–5).Results:  Of 13 faculty members, 12 responded to rounds one and two, and 11 responded to round three. The Delphi exercise identified 18 clinical scenarios where there was ≥80% agreement on patients not routinely being followed up. Comparison of the follow‐up practice prior to and after the Delphi exercise identified a reduction in follow‐up for all 18 scenarios of 48%.Conclusion:  Consensus regarding routine follow‐up can be reached by using the Delphi process in ENT practice. This can translate into a real change in clinical practice. Furthermore, this process could be applied for consensus building in other related areas.
Photosensitive Cross‐linked Block Copolymers with Controllable Release
Authors: Yu LiLi , Lv Cong , Wu LiZhu , Tung ChenHo , Lv WanLiang , Li ZhongJin , Tang XinJing 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe intend to form photosensitive block copolymer micelles for controllable release of encapsulated substances. Here, we designed and synthesized a new photocleavable cross‐linker (2‐nitrophenyl ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) for methyl methacrylate (MMA) atom transfer radical polymerization. Four different ratios (0:1, 1:26, 1:16, 1:8.8) of the photocleavable cross‐linker to MMA monomer were used and four block copolymers (P0, P1, P2, P3) were synthesized with PEO‐Br as the macroinitiator. Gel permeation chromatography and 1H NMR studies showed that linear polymer molecules could be cross‐linked by the photocleavable linker. The fluorescence studies of the encapsulated Nile Red (NR) showed that there were lower critical micelle concentrations for the polymer P1, P2 and P3 than polymer P0. And dynamic light scattering and SEM confirmed the formation of polymer micelles. Photolysis experiments demonstrated that NR encapsulated in the polymer micelles could be released upon UV irradiation (365 nm, 11 mW cm−2) due to the breakage of the photocleavable linker and the generation of more hydrophilic acid moieties, which destabilized polymer micelles. Our study shows a new strategy for the possibility of photocontrollable drug release for hydrophobic drugs.
Inbreeding effective population size and parentage analysis without parents
Authors: WAPLES ROBIN S. , WAPLES RYAN K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn important use of genetic parentage analysis is the ability to directly calculate the number of offspring produced by each parent (ki) and hence effective population size, Ne. But what if parental genotypes are not available? In theory, given enough markers, it should be possible to reconstruct parental genotypes based entirely on a sample of progeny, and if so the vector of parental ki values. However, this would provide information only about parents that actually contributed offspring to the sample. How would ignoring the ‘null’ parents (those that produced no offspring) affect an estimate of Ne? The surprising answer is that null parents have no effect at all. We show that: (i) The standard formula for inbreeding Ne can be rewritten so that it is a function only of sample size and ; it is not necessary to know the total number of parents (N). This same relationship does not hold for variance Ne. (ii) This novel formula provides an unbiased estimate of Ne even if only a subset of progeny is available, provided the parental contributions are accurately determined, in which case precision is also high compared to other single‐sample estimators of Ne. (iii) It is not necessary to actually reconstruct parental genotypes; from a matrix of pairwise relationships (as can be estimated by some current software programs), it is possible to construct the vector of ki values and estimate Ne. The new method based on parentage analysis without parents (PwoP) can potentially be useful as a single‐sample estimator of contemporary Ne, provided that either (i) relationships can be accurately determined, or (ii) can be estimated directly.
The Monitor Practice Programme: is non‐invasive management of dental caries in private practice cost‐effective?
Authors: Curtis B , Warren E , Pollicino C , Evans RW , Schwarz E , Sbaraini A 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground:  The objective of this research was to assess the efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of a non‐invasive approach to dental caries management in private dental practice.Methods:  Private dental practices from a variety of locations in New South Wales were randomly allocated to either non‐invasive management of caries, or continue with usual care. Patients were followed for three years and caries incidence assessed. A patient‐level decision analytic model was constructed to assess the cost‐effectiveness of the intervention at two years, three years, and hypothetical lifetime.Results:  Twenty‐two dental practices and 920 patients were recruited. Within the clinical trial there was a significant difference in caries increment favouring non‐invasive therapy at both two and three years. Efficacy was independent of age, gender, medical concerns, fluoride history, or previous history of dental caries, in a population of patients attending for treatment in private dental practices, in a variety of locations both urban and rural. Cost per DMFT avoided estimate was A$1287.07 (two years), A$1148.91 (three years) decreasing to A$702.52 in (medium) and A$545.93 (high) risk patients (three years).Conclusions:  A joint preventive and non‐invasive therapeutic approach appears to be cost‐effective in patients at medium and high risk of developing dental caries when compared to the standard care provided by private dental practice.
Temporomandibular joint reconstruction with total alloplastic joint replacement
Authors: Jones RHB 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper is a preliminary paper which presents the early findings of an ongoing prospective trial on the use of the TMJ Concepts and Biomet Lorenz total joint replacement systems for the reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).Total alloplastic replacement of the TMJ has become a viable option for many people who suffer from TMJ disease where surgical reconstruction is indicated. Degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, TMJ ankylosis, malunited condylar fractures and tumours can be successfully treated using this technique.There are a number of TMJ prostheses available. Two of the joint replacement products, which have been found to be most reliable and have FDA approval in the United States, are the TMJ Concepts system and the Biomet Lorenz system, and for this reason they are being investigated in this study.This study presents the findings of seven patients with a total of 12 joint replacements using either the TMJ Concepts system or the Biomet Lorenz joint system. Two patients (3 joints) had the TMJ Concepts system and five patients (9 joints) had the Biomet Lorenz system.Although still early, the results were generally pleasing, with the longest replacement having been in position for three years and the most recent six months. The average postoperative mouth opening was 29.7 mm (range 25–35 mm) with an average pain score of 1.7 (range 0–3, minimum score of 0 and maximum 10). Complications were minimal and related to sensory disturbance to the lip in one patient and joint dislocation in two patients.
Clinical Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance in European Hospitals: Excess Mortality and Length of Hospital Stay Related to Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Bloodstream Infections
Authors: de Kraker Marlieke E. A. , Wolkewitz Martin , Davey Peter G. , Grundmann Hajo 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistance is threatening the successful management of nosocomial infections worldwide. Despite the therapeutic limitations imposed by methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA), its clinical impact is still debated. The objective of this study was to estimate the excess mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS) associated with MRSA bloodstream infections (BSI) in European hospitals. Between July 2007 and June 2008, a multicenter, prospective, parallel matched-cohort study was carried out in 13 tertiary care hospitals in as many European countries. Cohort I consisted of patients with MRSA BSI and cohort II of patients with methicillin-susceptible
S. aureus
(MSSA) BSI. The patients in both cohorts were matched for LOS prior to the onset of BSI with patients free of the respective BSI. Cohort I consisted of 248 MRSA patients and 453 controls and cohort II of 618 MSSA patients and 1,170 controls. Compared to the controls, MRSA patients had higher 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.4) and higher hospital mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 3.5). Their excess LOS was 9.2 days. MSSA patients also had higher 30-day (aOR = 2.4) and hospital (aHR = 3.1) mortality and an excess LOS of 8.6 days. When the outcomes from the two cohorts were compared, an effect attributable to methicillin resistance was found for 30-day mortality (OR = 1.8;
P
= 0.04), but not for hospital mortality (HR = 1.1;
P
= 0.63) or LOS (difference = 0.6 days;
P
= 0.96). Irrespective of methicillin susceptibility,
S. aureus
BSI has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. In addition, MRSA BSI leads to a fatal outcome more frequently than MSSA BSI. Infection control efforts in hospitals should aim to contain infections caused by both resistant and susceptible
S. aureus
.
Importance of Position 170 in the Inhibition of GES-Type β-Lactamases by Clavulanic Acid
Authors: Frase Hilary , Toth Marta , Champion Matthew M. , Antunes Nuno T. , Vakulenko Sergei B. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, etc.) is commonly the result of the production of β-lactamases. The emergence of β-lactamases capable of turning over carbapenem antibiotics is of great concern, since these are often considered the last resort antibiotics in the treatment of life-threatening infections. β-Lactamases of the GES family are extended-spectrum enzymes that include members that have acquired carbapenemase activity through a single amino acid substitution at position 170. We investigated inhibition of the GES-1, -2, and -5 β-lactamases by the clinically important β-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid. While GES-1 and -5 are susceptible to inhibition by clavulanic acid, GES-2 shows the greatest susceptibility. This is the only variant to possess the canonical asparagine at position 170. The enzyme with asparagine, as opposed to glycine (GES-1) or serine (GES-5), then leads to a higher affinity for clavulanic acid (

K
i

= 5 μM), a higher rate constant for inhibition, and a lower partition ratio (
r
≈ 20). Asparagine at position 170 also results in the formation of stable complexes, such as a cross-linked species and a hydrated aldehyde. In contrast, serine at position 170 leads to formation of a long-lived
trans
-enamine species. These studies provide new insight into the importance of the residue at position 170 in determining the susceptibility of GES enzymes to clavulanic acid.
Restoration of Chloride Efflux by Azithromycin in Airway Epithelial Cells of Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Saint-Criq Vinciane , Rebeyrol Carine , Ruffin Manon , Roque Telma , Guillot Loïc , Jacquot Jacky , Clement Annick , Tabary Olivier 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Azithromycin (AZM) has shown promising anti-inflammatory properties in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and clinical studies have presented an improvement in the respiratory condition of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate, in human airway cells, the mechanism by which AZM has beneficial effects in CF. We demonstrated that AZM did not have any anti-inflammatory effect on CF airway cells but restored Cl
−
efflux.