bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'empathie aujourd'hui : au croisement des neurosciences, de la psychopathologie et de la psychanalyse
Authors: Georgieff Nicolas 
Published: May 2010

L’EMPATHIE AUJOURD’HUI : AU CROISEMENT DES NEUROSCIENCES, DE LA PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE ET DE LA PSYCHANALYSE Les neurosciences cognitives ont très récemment redécouvert le concept d’empathie, en montrant l’existence de systèmes cérébraux spécifiques, « miroirs » ou « résonants », susceptibles de rendre compte de processus psychologiques aussi complexes que la connaissance d’autrui, ou l’identification à autrui. Nous confrontons les deux modèles de l’empathie, celui des neurosciences et celui de la psychopathologie clinique et de la psychanalyse, pour montrer que s’il existe en effet des convergences entre eux, en revanche l’approche clinique éclaire des propriétés spécifiques de l’empathie qui ne sont pas prises en compte par les neurosciences. C’est le cas notamment du principe d’une influence psychique interpersonnelle réciproque, et de l’action transformatrice de cette influence qui fonde le processus psychothérapique. Là où les neurosciences cognitives voient un mécanisme assurant la connaissance d’autrui par la reproduction ou replication de l’expérience d’autrui en soi, processus lui-même associé à un processus de différenciation entre soi et autrui, l’approche clinique décrit en effet un processus de modifications psychiques mutuelles qui aboutit à la construction de contenus nouveaux. L’interpsychique est ainsi à l’origine d’un copsychique, d’une organisation tierce qui ne peut être réduite à la reconnaissance en autrui du même ou du différent de soi. La connaissance d’autrui transforme en effet le soi. C’est aussi le cas du principe d’une empathie réflexive, qui fonde l’accès à soi sur le modèle de l’accès à autrui, donc de l’autre en soi. Nous illustrons ces distinctions par des références à la clinique psychopathologique des psychoses, qui nous paraît éclairer remarquablement ces propriétés de l’empathie.
Psychothérapie brève focale chez l'enfant : indications, limites, avenir
Authors: Trojan Dante , Palacio Espasa Francisco 
Published: May 2010

PSYCHOTHERAPIE BREVE FOCALE CHEZ L’ENFANT : INDICATIONS, LIMITES, AVENIR Dans ce travail, les auteurs montrent, à partir d’une illustration clinique, les critères d’indication et la technique en psychothérapie brève focale (PBF) chez l’enfant. Ce type de psychothérapie, qui se réfère aux théories psychanalytiques des soins psychiques, s’applique à une population précise (conflictualité névrotique dominante ou conflictualité dépressive qui peut s’élaborer à la lumière du complexe d’Œdipe) et est réglée par des outils techniques particuliers (l’ « interprétation focalisante » en est le point central). Les notions d’interprétation et d’alliance thérapeutiques sont discutées à partir de l’illustration clinique, ainsi que la place du rêve dans la PBF. Le processus thérapeutique, les transformations et la fin de la thérapie prennent également une place particulière dans cette forme de psychothérapie et font l’objet d’une réflexion. La PBF est de plus en plus au centre de discussions au sein des institutions de soins en pédopsychiatrie, et cela, entre autres, en raison des nouveaux enjeux socio-économiques. Une discussion sur les indications et le futur de cette forme particulière de psychothérapie d’inspiration psychanalytique est à ce jour d’importance cruciale selon les auteurs.
La séparation, un concept pour penser les relations précoces et leur réaménagement à l'adolescence
Authors: Bernateau Isée 
Published: May 2010

LA SEPARATION, UN CONCEPT POUR PENSER LES RELATIONS PRECOCES ET LEUR REAMENAGEMENT A L’ADOLESCENCE Ce travail vise à montrer l’efficience et l’opérativité du concept de séparation pour penser les relations précoces, y compris au temps du narcissisme primaire et de la fusion à l’objet, ainsi que leur réaménagement à l’adolescence. Les limites du concept de processus de séparation-individuation, proposé par M. Mahler et repris par P. Blos, sont interrogées en raison du caractère téléologique de leur conception du psychisme humain. Le cas d’une adolescente ayant des difficultés à dire « je » permet de distinguer processus de différenciation et processus de subjectivation, et de montrer que la séparation joue dans ces deux processus un rôle crucial. Mais de façon concomitante, une rêverie unitaire de non-séparation, proche du mythe de l’androgyne tel qu’il est relaté dans le Banquet de Platon, parcourt la vie psychique.
Bilinguisme et troubles du langage chez l'enfant : étude rétrospective
Authors: Kohl Magali , Beauquier-Maccotta Bérengère , Bourgeois Marie , Clouard Chantal , Donde Stéphanie , Mosser Annick , Pinot Pascale , Rittori Guy , Vaivre-Douret Laurence , Golse Bernard , Robel Laurence 
Published: May 2010

BILINGUISME ET TROUBLES DU LANGAGE CHEZ L’ENFANT : ETUDE RETROSPECTIVE Si dans bien des cas le bilinguisme constitue un atout incontestable que l’on doit essayer de promouvoir, qu’en est-il lorsque les enfants élevés dans un milieu bilingue présentent des difficultés ? Pour tenter de répondre à cette question, cet article présente les résultats d’une étude rétrospective menée sur une population de 47 enfants souffrant de troubles du langage et évalués dans le cadre du Centre Référent Langage de l’hôpital Necker sur deux ans. Le but de cette étude est de mettre en évidence d’éventuelles différences cliniques entre le groupe des enfants multilingues et celui des enfants monolingues. Nous montrons que 35 % des enfants évalués sur le Centre Référent pour des troubles sévères grandissent dans un environnement multilingue. Dans ce groupe d’enfants, le trouble du langage paraît le plus souvent associé à la présence d’un trouble envahissant du développement (31,25 %), alors que la proportion d’enfants atteints d’un trouble spécifique du langage n’est pas plus élevée que dans le groupe des enfants monolingue (12,5 %). Ainsi, le multilinguisme pourrait être associé à une situation de vulnérabilité prédisposant à des troubles du développement comportant une atteinte du langage, plutôt qu’un facteur prédisposant à un trouble spécifique du langage.
Évaluation langagière en langue maternelle pour les enfants allophones et les primo-arrivants.
Authors: Wallon Estelle , Rezzoug Dalila , Bennabi Bensekhar Malika , Sanson Coralie , Serre Geneviève , Yapo Marcellin , Drain Élise , Moro Marie Rose 
Published: May 2010

EVALUATION LANGAGIERE EN LANGUE MATERNELLE POUR LES ENFANTS ALLOPHONES ET LES PRIMO-ARRIVANTS. UN NOUVEL INSTRUMENT : L’ELAL D’AVICENNE Après un rappel des recherches antérieures menées sur le bilinguisme, nous nous proposons de présenter l’ELAL d’Avicenne (Évaluation langagière pour allophones et primo-arrivants), outil de recherche créé par le Centre du langage du Service de psychopathologie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent de l’hôpital Avicenne (Bobigny, Seine-Saint-Denis, France). Hormis le fait que l’ELAL d’Avicenne est un outil d’évaluation langagière, son but est de faciliter, chez l’enfant dit « bilingue », l’étude du bilinguisme et des facteurs intervenant dans la qualité du bilinguisme. Au terme de la phase exploratoire, cet article analyse les intérêts et la pertinence de ce test pour les enfants dits bilingues.
Leptin Modulates Innate and Adaptive Immune Cell Recruitment after Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice
Authors: Vernooy Juanita H. J. , Bracke Ken R. , Drummen Nadja E. A. , Pauwels Nele S. A. , Zabeau Lennart , van Suylen Robert Jan , Tavernier Jan , Joos Guy F. , Wouters Emiel F. M. , Brusselle Guy G. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Leptin, a pleiotropic type I cytokine, was recently demonstrated to be expressed by resident lung cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and asymptomatic smokers. To elucidate the functional role of leptin in the onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, we tested leptin-deficient ob/ob mice (C57BL/6), leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice (C57BKS), and littermates in a model of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced pulmonary inflammation. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were exposed for 4 or 24 wk to control air or CS. Pulmonary leptin expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Pulmonary inflammation upon 4 wk CS exposure was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue of WT, ob/ob, and db/db mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed leptin expression in bronchial epithelial cells, pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages, and bronchial/vascular smooth muscle cells. The 4 and 24 wk CS exposure increased leptin expression in bronchial epithelial cells and pneumocytes versus air-exposed WT mice (p &lt; 0.05). The 4 wk CS exposure resulted in increased accumulation of neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes in BALF and lung tissue of WT, ob/ob, and db/db mice. CS-exposed ob/ob and db/db mice showed in general higher numbers of neutrophils and lower numbers of CD4+, CD8+, and dendritic cells versus CS-exposed WT mice. Consistently, CXCL1 levels were enhanced in BALF of CS-exposed ob/ob and db/db mice versus WT mice (p &lt; 0.05). Exogenous leptin administration completely restored the skewed inflammatory profile in ob/ob mice. These data reveal an important role of leptin in modulating innate and adaptive immunity after CS inhalation in mice.
Evolutionarily Conserved TCR Binding Sites, Identification of T Cells in Primary Lymphoid Tissues, and Surprising Trans-Rearrangements in Nurse Shark
Authors: Criscitiello Michael F. , Ohta Yuko , Saltis Mark , McKinney E. Churchill , Flajnik Martin F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCartilaginous fish are the oldest animals that generate RAG-based Ag receptor diversity. We have analyzed the genes and expressed transcripts of the four TCR chains for the first time in a cartilaginous fish, the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum). Northern blotting found TCR mRNA expression predominantly in lymphoid and mucosal tissues. Southern blotting suggested translocon-type loci encoding all four chains. Based on diversity of V and J segments, the expressed combinatorial diversity for γ is similar to that of human, α and β may be slightly lower, and δ diversity is the highest of any organism studied to date. Nurse shark TCRδ have long CDR3 loops compared with the other three chains, creating binding site topologies comparable to those of mammalian TCR in basic paratope structure; additionally, nurse shark TCRδ CDR3 are more similar to IgH CDR3 in length and heterogeneity than to other TCR chains. Most interestingly, several cDNAs were isolated that contained IgM or IgW V segments rearranged to other gene segments of TCRδ and α. Finally, in situ hybridization experiments demonstrate a conservation of both α/β and γ/δ T cell localization in the thymus across 450 million years of vertebrate evolution, with γ/δ TCR expression especially high in the subcapsular region. Collectively, these data make the first cellular identification of TCR-expressing lymphocytes in a cartilaginous fish.
8-Methoxypsoralen Plus Ultraviolet A Therapy Acts via Inhibition of the IL-23/Th17 Axis and Induction of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Involving CTLA4 Signaling in a Psoriasis-Like Skin Disorder
Authors: Singh Tej Pratap , Schön Michael P. , Wallbrecht Katrin , Michaelis Kai , Rinner Beate , Mayer Gerlinde , Schmidbauer Ulrike , Strohmaier Heimo , Wang Xiao-Jing , Wolf Peter 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
To elucidate the molecular action of 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA (PUVA), a standard dermatological therapy, we used K5.hTGF-β1 transgenic mice exhibiting a skin phenotype and cytokine abnormalities with strong similarities to human psoriasis. We observed that impaired function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and increased cytokine levels of the IL-23/Th17 pathway were responsible for the psoriatic phenotype in this mouse model. Treatment of K5.hTGF-β1 transgenic mice with PUVA suppressed the IL-23/Th17 pathway, Th1 milieu, as well as transcription factors STAT3 and orphan nuclear receptor RORγt. PUVA induced the Th2 pathway and IL-10–producing CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs with disease-suppressive activity that was abolished by anti-CTLA4 mAb treatment. These findings were paralleled by macroscopic and microscopic clearance of the diseased murine skin. Anti–IL-17 mAb treatment also diminished the psoriatic phenotype of the mice. This indicated that both induced Tregs involving CTLA4 signaling and inhibition of the IL-23/Th17 axis are central for the therapeutic action of PUVA.
Multiple Mechanisms Downstream of TLR-4 Stimulation Allow Expression of NKG2D Ligands To Facilitate Macrophage/NK Cell Crosstalk
Authors: Eissmann Philipp , Evans J. Henry , Mehrabi Maryam , Rose Emma L. , Nedvetzki Shlomo , Davis Daniel M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The activating receptor NKG2D recognizes proteins that are not normally expressed at the surface of most cells but are expressed during a cellular “stress” response (e.g., upon induction of the DNA damage pathway). This establishes recognition of “induced self” as an important strategy for surveillance of infections or tumor transformation. However, NKG2D ligands can also be induced on human macrophages by TLR stimulation, which has been far less studied. In this paper, we clarify that LPS, which ligates TLR-4, preferentially upregulated MICA and not MICB; CL097, which ligates TLR-7/8, upregulated both MICA and MICB; and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, which ligates TLR-3, upregulated neither. To probe how LPS stimulation triggers MICA expression, we determined that the stability of MICA mRNA was much longer than that of MICB mRNA, but neither was changed by LPS stimulation. This finding suggests that increased levels of MICA mRNA following LPS stimulation resulted from increased transcription. However, it was not sufficient for surface protein expression, which was controlled posttranscriptionally via a separate pathway involving the ataxia telangiectasia mutated/ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinases. Moreover, LPS stimulation decreased expression of microRNAs (miRNA)—miR-17-5, miR-20a, and miR-93—which target MICA, implicating a novel role for miRNAs in NKG2D ligand expression. Thus, TLR stimulation allows expression of NKG2D ligands through multiple pathways, including downmodulation of specific miRNAs.
P2X7 Receptor-Mediated Killing of an Intracellular Parasite,Toxoplasma gondii, by Human and Murine Macrophages
Authors: Lees Michael P. , Fuller Stephen J. , McLeod Rima , Boulter Nicola R. , Miller Catherine M. , Zakrzewski Alana M. , Mui Ernest J. , Witola William H. , Coyne Jessica J. , Hargrave Aubrey C. , Jamieson Sarra E. , Blackwell Jenefer M. , Wiley James S. , Smith Nicholas C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe P2X7R is highly expressed on the macrophage cell surface, and activation of infected cells by extracellular ATP has been shown to kill intracellular bacteria and parasites. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphisms that decrease receptor function reduce the ability of human macrophages to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis and are associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In this study, we show that macrophages from people with the 1513C (rs3751143, NM_002562.4:c.1487A&gt;C) loss-of-function P2X7R single nucleotide polymorphism are less effective in killing intracellular Toxoplasma gondii after exposure to ATP compared with macrophages from people with the 1513A wild-type allele. Supporting a P2X7R-specific effect on T. gondii, macrophages from P2X7R knockout mice (P2X7R−/−) are unable to kill T. gondii as effectively as macrophages from wild-type mice. We show that P2X7R-mediated T. gondii killing occurs in parallel with host cell apoptosis and is independent of NO production.
Meningeal Mast Cells Affect Early T Cell Central Nervous System Infiltration and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity through TNF: A Role for Neutrophil Recruitment?
Authors: Sayed Blayne A. , Christy Alison L. , Walker Margaret E. , Brown Melissa A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMast cells contribute to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a rodent model of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. Yet their site and mode of action is unknown. In both diseases, myelin-specific T cells are initially activated in peripheral lymphoid organs. However, for disease to occur, these cells must enter the immunologically privileged CNS through a breach in the relatively impermeable blood-brain barrier. In this study, we demonstrate that a dense population of resident mast cells in the meninges, structures surrounding the brain and spinal cord, regulate basal CNS barrier function, facilitating initial T cell CNS entry. Through the expression of TNF, mast cells recruit an early wave of neutrophils to the CNS. We propose that neutrophils in turn promote the blood-brain barrier breach and together with T cells lead to further inflammatory cell influx and myelin damage. These findings provide specific targets for intervention in multiple sclerosis as well as other immune-mediated CNS diseases.
Partial Redundancy of the Pattern Recognition Receptors, Scavenger Receptors, and C-Type Lectins for the Long-Term Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Court Nathalie , Vasseur Virginie , Vacher Rachel , Frémond Cécile , Shebzukhov Yury , Yeremeev Vladimir V. , Maillet Isabelle , Nedospasov Sergei A. , Gordon Siamon , Fallon Padraic G. , Suzuki Hiroshi , Ryffel Bernhard , Quesniaux Valérie F. J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is recognized by multiple pattern recognition receptors involved in innate immune defense, but their direct role in tuberculosis pathogenesis remains unknown. Beyond TLRs, scavenger receptors (SRs) and C-type lectins may play a crucial role in the sensing and signaling of pathogen motifs, as well as contribute to M. tuberculosis immune evasion. In this study, we addressed the relative role and potential redundancy of these receptors in the host response and resistance to M. tuberculosis infection using mice deficient for representative SR, C-type lectin receptor, or seven transmembrane receptor families. We show that a single deficiency in the class A SR, macrophage receptor with collagenous structure, CD36, mannose receptor, specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin-related, or F4/80 did not impair the host resistance to acute or chronic M. tuberculosis infection in terms of survival, control of bacterial clearance, lung inflammation, granuloma formation, and cytokine and chemokine expression. Double deficiency for the SRs class A SR types I and II plus CD36 or for the C-type lectins mannose receptor plus specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin-related had a limited effect on macrophage uptake of mycobacteria and TNF response and on the long-term control of M. tuberculosis infection. By contrast, mice deficient in the TNF, IL-1, or IFN-γ pathway were unable to control acute M. tuberculosis infection. In conclusion, we document a functional redundancy in the pattern recognition receptors, which might cooperate in a coordinated response to sustain the full immune control of M. tuberculosis infection, in sharp contrast with the nonredundant, essential role of the TNF, IL-1, or IFN-γ pathway for host resistance to M. tuberculosis.
Extrema of Low Eigenvalues of the Dirichlet–Neumann Laplacian on a Disk
Authors: Legendre Eveline 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe study extrema of the first and the second mixed eigenvalues of the Laplacian on the disk among some families of Dirichlet–Neumann boundary conditions. We show that the minimizer of the second eigenvalue among all mixed boundary conditions lies in a compact 1-parameter family for which an explicit description is given. Moreover, we prove that among all partitions of the boundary with bounded number of parts on which Dirichlet and Neumann conditions are imposed alternately, the first eigenvalue is maximized by the uniformly distributed partition.
BMO Functions and Carleson Measures with Values in Uniformly Convex Spaces
Authors: Ouyang Caiheng , Xu Quanhua 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between vector-valued BMO functions and the Carleson measures defined by their gradients. Let dA and dm denote Lebesgue measures on the unit disc D and the unit circle 𝕋, respectively. For 1 < q < ∞ and a Banach space B, we prove that there exists a positive constant c such thatholds for all trigonometric polynomials f with coefficients in B if and only if B admits an equivalent norm which is q-uniformly convex, whereThe validity of the converse inequality is equivalent to the existence of an equivalent q-uniformly smooth norm.
Reducibility of the Principal Series for (F) over a p-adic Field
Authors: Zorn Christian 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLet Gn = Spn(F) be the rank n symplectic group with entries in a nondyadic p-adic field F. We further let be the metaplectic extension of Gn by defined using the Leray cocycle. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate the complete list of reducibility points of the genuine principal series of . In most cases, we will use some techniques developed by Tadić that analyze the Jacquetmodules with respect to all of the parabolics containing a fixed Borel. The exceptional cases involve representations induced from unitary characters χ with χ2 = 1. Because such representations π are unitary, to show the irreducibility of π, it suffices to show that . We will accomplish this by examining the poles of certain intertwining operators associated to simple roots. Then some results of Shahidi and Ban decompose arbitrary intertwining operators into a composition of operators corresponding to the simple roots of . We will then be able to show that all such operators have poles at principal series representations induced from quadratic characters and therefore such operators do not extend to operators in for the π in question.
Risk factors for worker injury and death from occupational light vehicles crashes in New South Wales (Australia)
Authors: Stuckey Rwth , Glass Deborah C. , LaMontagne Anthony D. , Wolfe Rory , Sim Malcolm R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground/AimTo identify risk and protective factors for crash casualty outcomes in occupational light vehicles (OLV), a previously under‐recognized work context for injuries and fatalities.MethodsA register‐based study was conducted using linked vehicle crash and registration data (n = 13,491) for the Australian state of New South Wales. Univariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken to assess the relationship between casualty outcomes and variables drawn from four domains of potential determinants of severity: user, vehicle, road, and work organization factors.ResultsNineteen percent of OLV crashes had OLV‐user casualties (n = 2,506) and 1% fatalities (n = 34). Adjusted casualty risk factors included tired driver (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5–2.7), no seat belt use (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4–2.3), and excessive speed (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.6). Adjusted fatality risk factors were no seat belt (OR 12.9, 95% CI 4.9–34.3) and high‐speed zone crash (OR 5.0, 95% CI 2.1–12.3).ConclusionsOLV users are at risk from both recognized road risks and hazards specific to OLV use. Findings suggest that risk reduction could be improved by the use of safer vehicles, fatigue management, and journey planning. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:931–939, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.