bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intermolecular interactions in the aminonitromethylbenzenes
Authors: Kruszynski Rafal , Sieranski Tomasz 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The intermolecular non-covalent interactions in aminonitromethylbenzenes namely 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline, 4-methyl-3-nitroaniline, 2-methyl-6-nitroaniline, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2-methyl-5-nitroaniline, 4-methyl-2-nitroaniline, 2,3-dimethyl-6-nitroaniline, 4,5-dimethyl-2-nitroaniline and 2-methyl-3,5-dinitroaniline were studied by quantum mechanical calculations at RHF/311++G(3df,2p) and B3LYP/311++G(3df,2p) level of theory. The calculations prove that solely geometrical study of hydrogen bonding can be very misleading because not all short distances (classified as hydrogen bonds on the basis of interaction geometry) are bonding in character. For studied compounds interaction energy ranges from 0.23 kcal mol−1 to 5.59 kcal mol−1. The creation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds leads to charge redistribution in donors and acceptors. The Natural Bonding Orbitals analysis shows that hydrogen bonds are created by transfer of electron density from the lone pair orbitals of the H-bond acceptor to the antibonding molecular orbitals of the H-bond donor and Rydberg orbitals of the hydrogen atom. The stacking interactions are the interactions of delocalized molecular π-orbitals of the one molecule with delocalized antibonding molecular π-orbitals and the antibonding molecular σ-orbital created between the carbon atoms of the second aromatic ring and vice versa.
IF PHILOSOPHICAL LEGAL ETHICS IS THE ANSWER, WHAT IS THE QUESTION?
Authors: Woolley Alice 
Published: November 2010

Philosophical legal ethics, a sub-discipline of legal ethics arguably initiated by Charles Fried and Richard Wasserstrom, follows a consistent methodological structure: first, what is the ‘standard conception’ of the lawyer's role? second, what is the relationship between the standard conception – the conception of the lawyer as a partisan advocate for her client, neutral about (and unaccountable for) the morality of her client's aims – and the claims of morality more generally? and third, given that relationship, can what lawyers do be morally justified? or should what lawyers do be changed? The concerns of philosophical legal ethics are not primarily doctrinal; they analyse the lawyer's role with some generality and are fundamentally rooted in philosophy, moral or political. This article uses two recent publications in the area of philosophical legal ethics – Daniel Markovits's A Modern Legal Ethics: Adversary Advocacy in a Democratic Age and Tim Dare's Counsel of Rogues? A Defense of the Standard Conception of the Lawyer's Role – to argue that the straightforward rhetorical structure of philosophical legal ethics belies the difficulty inherent in analysing something that necessarily incorporates both legality (doctrines of law) and ethics (the ability of a person to lead a well-lived life), particularly since both legal doctrine and a well-lived life also bear some relation to the dictates of impartial morality, while yet remaining in some way distinct from impartial morality. Its seemingly straightforward structure also obscures the risk for philosophical legal ethics of drawing implications from ethics for law, or from law for ethics, even where those implications may be unwarranted or actively problematic.
Peripheral blood monitoring of chronic myeloid leukemia during treatment with imatinib, second‐line agents, and beyond
Authors: Lima Lisa , Bernal‐Mizrachi Leon , Saxe Debra , Mann Karen P. , Tighiouart Mourad , Arellano Martha , Heffner Leonard , McLemore Morgan , Langston Amelia , Winton Elliott , Khoury Hanna Jean 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current study was conducted to compare simultaneously obtained bone marrow (BM) cytogenetics (CTG), peripheral blood (PB) and BM fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR) for BCR‐ABL1 in monitoring response to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and homoharringtonine (HHT) in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).METHODS:PB and BM FISH (n = 112 samples) and/or Q‐PCR (n = 132 samples) for BCR‐ABL1 were simultaneously obtained in 70 patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive (Ph+) CML in chronic (68%), accelerated (16%), and blast phase (16%) before the initiation of therapy and during the course of treatment with imatinib (IM) (n = 40 patients), dasatinib (n = 20 patients), nilotinib (n = 4 patients), bosutinib (n = 18 patients), or HHT (n = 4 patients) for patients with newly diagnosed (n = 13 patients), IM‐sensitive (n = 34 patients), IM‐resistant (n = 30 patients), or IM‐intolerant (n = 9 patients) disease. Eighteen patients were found to have Ph+ variants or karyotypic abnormalities in addition to the Ph+.RESULTS:Excellent correlations (r) were observed between PB and BM FISH (r = 0.95) and PB and BM Q‐PCR (r = 0.87), as well as BM CTG and PB FISH (r = 0.89) and PB Q‐PCR (r = 0.82). This correlation was not affected by the presence of the Ph+ variant or additional chromosomal abnormalities, the presence of ABL1 kinase domain mutations, phase of the disease, or treatment.CONCLUSIONS:PB FISH and Q‐PCR appear to be reliable methods with which to monitor response to modern therapy in patients with all phases of CML. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma: A cytologist's perspective
Authors: Gupta Nalini , Barwad Adarsh , Kumar Rajiv , Rijuneeta  , Vaiphei Kim 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration cytology of a case of ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS), an unusual odontogenic tumor related to ameloblastoma (AB), was performed in a 25‐year‐old female with a 1 cm swelling in the left lower orbital region along with involvement of zygomatic region. Aspiration of the tumor yielded a cellular sample composed predominantly of mesenchymal element and few clusters representing epithelial component showing tall columnar cells with peripheral palisading. Detailed cytomorphological features of AFS are discussed along with differential diagnosis from other tumors such as AB, desmoplastic AB, odontogenic fibroma, ameloblastic fibrodentinoma and ameloblastic fibro‐odontoma, ameloblastic fibroma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adrenal rest in testis diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Banik Tarak , Dey Pranab , Gogoi Dhrubajyoti 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this article, we have described an extremely uncommon entity of adrenal rest in testis in fine‐needle aspiration cytology in a 7‐year‐old male child with symptoms of precocious puberty. The patient had a raised serum testosterone level along with a well‐defined solitary mass in the testis. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology smears show a dispersed population of large cells with abundant finely granular cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei, coarse nuclear chromatin, and multiple prominent nucleoli. Considering the clinical, radiological, biochemical, and also cytological features, a diagnosis of adrenal cell rest was made. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric Direct α‐Hydroxylation of β‐Oxo Esters by Phase‐Transfer Catalysis Using Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salts
Authors: Lian Mingming , Li Zhi , Du Jian , Meng Qingwei , Gao Zhanxian 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe first enantioselective direct α‐hydroxylation of β‐oxo esters was developed by using phase‐transfer catalysis. 1‐Indanone‐derived 1‐adamantyl (1‐Ad) β‐oxo esters, in the presence of commercially available cumyl hydroperoxide and a cinchonine‐based ammonium salt, resulted in the corresponding products with 69–91 % yield and 65–74 % ee. The reaction had also been successfully scaled‐up to a gram quantity, and a similar yield was obtained without loss of the enantioselectivity.
Prozessauslegung beim Laserstrahlunterstützten Stanzen
Authors: Grden Martin , Skkiettibutra Jens , Vollertsen Frank , Johnigk Carsten , Emonts Michael , Brecher Christian , Eckert Markus 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLaserunterstütztes Stanzen erweitert einerseits den Anwendungsbereich des konventionellen Stanzens in Richtung der Federstähle und erlaubt andererseits eine höhere Schnittqualität. Die Vorraussetzung dafür ist die Bestimmung optimaler Prozessparameter für die lokale Erwärmung. Ein experimentell aufwendiger „trial and error”︁ ‐ Ansatz zur Bestimmung thermischer Parameter kann durch numerische Simulationen des Temperaturfelds stark vereinfacht werden.
Convolutions for the Fourier transforms with geometric variables and applications
Authors: Giang Bui Thi , Mau Nguyen Van , Tuan Nguyen Minh 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper gives a general formulation of convolutions for arbitrary linear operators from a linear space to a commutative algebra, constructs three convolutions for the Fourier transforms with geometric variables and four generalized convolutions for the Fourier‐cosine, Fourier‐sine transforms. With respect to applications, by using the constructed convolutions normed rings on L1(Rn) are constructed, and explicit solutions of integral equations of convolution type are obtained (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Isolation and characterization of plant protein complexes by mass spectrometry
Authors: Pflieger Delphine , Bigeard Jean , Hirt Heribert 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe components that enable cells and organisms to fulfill a plethora of chemical and physical reactions, including their ability to metabolize, replicate, repair and communicate with their environment are mostly based on the functioning of highly complex cellular machines which are to a large extent composed of proteins. With the development of MS techniques compatible with the analysis of minute amounts of biological material, it has become more and more feasible to dissect the composition and modification of these protein machineries. Indeed, new purification methods of protein complexes followed by MS analysis together with the genomic sequencing of various organisms – and in particular of crop species – now provide unforeseen insight to understand biological processes at a molecular level. We here review the current state of the art of in vivo protein complex isolation and their MS‐based analytical characterization, emphasizing on the tandem affinity purification approach.
Nanoprobe‐based immobilized metal affinity chromatography for sensitive and complementary enrichment of multiply phosphorylated peptides
Authors: Wu Huan‐Ting , Hsu Chuan‐Chih , Tsai Chia‐Feng , Lin Po‐Chiao , Lin Chun‐Cheng , Chen Yu‐Ju 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (MNP, <100 nm) have rapidly evolved as sensitive affinity probes for phosphopeptide enrichment. By taking advantage of the easy magnetic separation and flexible surface modification of the MNP, we developed a surface‐blocked, nanoprobe‐based immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (NB‐IMAC) method for the enhanced purification of multiply phosphorylated peptides. The NB‐IMAC method allowed rapid and specific one‐step enrichment by blocking the surface of titanium (IV) ion‐charged nitrilotriacetic acid‐conjugated MNP (Ti4+‐NTA‐PEG@MNP) with low molecular weight polyethylene glycol. The MNP demonstrated highly sensitive and unbiased extraction of both mono‐ and multiply phosphorylated peptides from diluted β‐casein (2×10−10 M). Without chemical derivation or fractionation, 1283 phosphopeptides were identified from 400 μg of Raji B cells with 80% purification specificity. We also showed the first systematic comparison on the particle size effect between nano‐sclae IMAC and micro‐scale IMAC. Inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) analysis revealed that MNP had a 4.6‐fold higher capacity for metal ions per unit weight than did the magnetic micro‐sized particle (MMP, 2–10 μm), resulting in the identification of more phosphopeptides as well as a higher percentage of multiply phosphorylated peptides (31%) at the proteome scale. Furthermore, NB‐IMAC complements chromatography‐based IMAC and TiO2 methods because <13% of mono‐ and 12% of multiply phosphorylated peptide identifications overlapped among the 2700 phosphopeptides identified by the three methods. Notably, the number of multiply phosphorylated peptides was enriched twofold and threefold by NB‐IMAC relative to micro‐scale IMAC and TiO2, respectively. NB‐IMAC is an innovative material for increasing the identification coverage in phosphoproteomics.
Geschraubte Anschlüsse und Verbindungen nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐8
Authors: Schneider Stephan , Ungermann Dieter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDie Bemessung von Anschlüssen und Verbindungen unter vorwiegend ruhenden Beanspruchungen ist in Teil 1‐8 des Eurocode 3 geregelt, dessen deutsche Fassung als DIN EN 1993‐1‐8 im Juli 2005 veröffentlicht wurde. Neben Bemessungs‐ und Konstruktionsregeln für elementare Verbindungsmittel wie Schrauben, Nieten, Bolzen und Schweißnähten, wird in DIN EN 1993‐1‐8 auch die Klassifizierung und Berechnung von geschraubten Stirnplattenverbindungen sowie die Bemessung von Hohlprofilknoten geregelt.In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden zum einen die grundlegenden Bemessungs‐ und Konstruktionsregeln für geschraubte Anschlüsse und Verbindungen nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐8 vorgestellt und zum anderen die Klassifizierung und Berechnung von Stirnplattenverbindungen nach der Komponentenmethode erläutert.Bolted joints and connections according to Eurocode 3. The German version of Eurocode 3 part 1‐8 was published in July 2005 as DIN EN 1993‐18 and provides design and construction rules for bolted joints and connections under static loads. Furthermore, DIN EN 1993‐1‐8 provides detailed application rules for the classification and the design resistance of end plate connections and for the design resistance of hollow section joints.The present paper gives an overview on the basic design and construction rules for bolted joints according to DIN EN 1993‐1‐8 and explains the basic principles of the component method.
Bemessung von Schweißanschlüssen nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐8
Authors: Holzer Stephan , Kranz Bernd , Nies Helmut , Röw Norman , Scherer Franz 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSeit Mai 2005 ist die europäische Norm EN 1993‐1‐8 offizieller Ersatz für Regelungen zur Bemessung von Anschlüssen in der 1993 veröffentlichten ENV 1993‐1‐1. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird auf die Konstruktion und Bemessung von Schweißverbindungen dieses Teils des Eurocode 3 (EC3) “Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten” eingegangen. Es werden Unterschiede zu der noch parallel gültigen DIN 18800‐1 aufgezeigt. Auf die Bemessung von Anschlüssen an Hohlprofilen, wie in DIN 18808 geregelt, wird in einem gesonderten Beitrag eingegangen.Design of welded joints according to DIN EN 1993‐1‐8. Since May 2005 the European standard EN 1993‐1‐8 is the official supersede for regulations for the design of connections of ENV 1993‐1‐1, which was published in 1992. This article describes details of the design of welded joints of this part of Eurocode 3 (EC3) “Design of steel structures”. Differences to the still valid DIN 18800‐1 are pointed out. The design of joints at hollow sections acc. DIN 18808 will be shown in a separate article.
Biosynthesis of 14,15‐Hepoxilins in Human L1236 Hodgkin Lymphoma Cells and Eosinophils
Authors: Brunnström Åsa , Hamberg Mats , Griffiths William J. , Mannervik Bengt , Claesson Hans‐Erik 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHepoxilins are epoxy alcohols synthesized through the 12‐lipoxygenase (12‐LO) pathway in animal cells. The epidermis is the principal source of hepoxilins in humans. Here we report on the formation of novel hepoxilin regioisomers formed by the 15‐LO pathway in human cells. The Hodgkin lymphoma cell line L1236 possesses high 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 (15‐LO‐1) activity and incubation of L1236 cells with arachidonic acid led to the formation of 11(S)‐hydroxy‐14(S),15(S)‐epoxy 5(Z),8(Z),12(E) eicosatrienoic acid (14,15‐HxA3 11(S)) and 13(R)‐hydroxy‐14(S),15(S)‐epoxy 5(Z),8(Z),11(Z) eicosatrienoic acid (14,15‐HxB3 13 (R)). In addition, two hitherto unidentified products were detected and these products were collected and analyzed by positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. These metabolites were identified as 11(S),15(S)‐dihydroxy‐14(R)‐glutathionyl‐5(Z),8(Z),12(E)‐eicosatrienoic acid (14,15‐HxA3‐C) and 11(S),15(S)‐dihydroxy‐14(R)‐cysteinyl‐glycyl‐5(Z),8(Z),12(E)‐eicosatrienoic acid (14,15‐HxA3‐D). Incubation of L1236 cells with synthetic 14,15‐HxA3 11(S) also led to the formation of 14,15‐HxA3‐C and 14,15‐HxA3‐D. Several soluble glutathione transferases, in particular GST M1‐1 and GST P1‐1, were found to catalyze the conversion of 14,15‐HxA3 to 14,15‐HxA3‐C. L1236 cells produced approximately twice as much eoxins as cysteinyl‐containing hepoxilins upon stimulation with arachidonic acid. Human eosinophils, nasal polyps and dendritic cells selectively formed 14,15‐HxA3 11(S) and 14,15‐HxB3 13(R) stereoisomers, but not cysteinyl‐containing hepoxilins, after stimulation with arachidonic acid. Furthermore, purified recombinant 15‐LO‐1 alone catalyzed the conversion of arachidonic acid to 14,15‐HxA3 11(S) and 14,15‐HxB3 13(R), showing that human 15‐LO‐1 possesses intrinsic 14,15‐hepoxilin synthase activity.
FROM WHITEHALL TO JEDBURGH: PATRONAGE NETWORKS AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SCOTTISH BORDERS, 1603 TO 1625
Authors: GROUNDWATER ANNA 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTWhen James VI and I arrived in London in 1603, he created a new bedchamber, which he filled with Scottish courtiers. This he positioned, antagonistically as it turned out, between himself and the more English privy chamber. These Scottish courtiers thus had the most intimate access to James, and were able to exercise great influence over the distribution of James's favour. Whilst their importance has been debated within an English context, their significance within James's government in Scotland has not yet been addressed. These Scotsmen became the focus for patronage networks stretching from Whitehall, through the privy council in Edinburgh, to the Scottish regional elites, and helped James retain the co-operation of those elites. Against the background of attempts to gain fuller union, James sought to demonstrate the benefits of regnal union by prosecuting a pacification of crime within the Scottish and English Borders, now rechristened the Middle Shires. Patronage networks from Whitehall to Roxburghshire secured the co-operation of the Scottish Borders elite, whilst acting as conduits for information and advice back to Whitehall. This article will suggest that these relationships were integral to Scottish governmental processes in James's absence, providing a much-needed cohesive force within his fragile new multiple monarchy.
Galileo's telescopic observations: the marvel and meaning of discovery
Authors: Coyne George V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDuring the very last year of what he himself described “as the best [eighteen] years of his life” spent at the University of Padua, Galileo first observed the heavens with a telescope. In order to appreciate the marvel and the true significance of those observations we must appreciate both the intellectual climate in Europe and the critical intellectual period through which Galileo himself was passing at the time those observations were made. Through his studies on motion Galileo had come to have serious doubts about the Aristotelian concept of nature. What he sensed was lacking was a true physics. He was very acute, therefore, when he came to sense the significance of his observations of the moon, of the phases of Venus, of the moons of Jupiter and of the Milky Way. The preconceptions of the Aristotelians were crumbling before his eyes. He had remained silent long enough, over a three month period, in his contemplations of the heavens. It was time to organize his thoughts and tell what he had seen and what he thought it meant. It was time to publish! In so doing he would become one of the pioneers of modern science. For the first time in over 2,000 years new significant observational data had been put at the disposition of anyone who cared to think, not in abstract preconceptions but in obedience to what the universe had to say about itself.
A new Physics to support the Copernican system. Gleanings from Galileo's works
Authors: Peruzzi Giulio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGalileo's support to the Copernican theory was decisive for the revolutionary astronomical discoveries he achieved in 1610. We trace the origins of Galileo's conversion to the Copernican theory, discussing in particular the Dialogo de Cecco di Ronchitti da Bruzene in perpuosito de La Stella Nuova. Later developments of Galileo's works are briefly treated.
Exploration of the Galilean Moons using Electrodynamic Tethers for Propellantless Maneuvers and Self-Powering
Authors: Lorenzini E. C. , Curreli D. , Zanutto D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated the benefits of using electrodynamic tethers (EDT) for the exploration of the inner region of the Jovian system. Intense planetary magnetic field and reasonable environmental plasma density make the electrodynamic interaction of the conductive tether with the plasmasphere strong. The interaction is responsible for a Lorentz force that can be conveniently used for propellantless maneuvers and extraction of electrical power for on board use. Jupiter and the four Galilean Moons represent an exceptional gravitational environment for the study of the orbital dynamics of an EDT. The dynamics of such a system was analyzed using a 3-body model, consisting of the planet plus one of its moons (Io in this work) and the EDT itself. New and interesting features appear, like for example the possibility to place the tether in equilibrium with respect to a frame co-rotating with the moon at points that do not coincide with the classical Lagrangian points for non-null electrodynamic forces.
Proteasome Activity Imaging and Profiling Characterizes Bacterial Effector Syringolin A
Authors: Kolodziejek Izabella , Misas-Villamil Johana C. , Kaschani Farnusch , Clerc Jérôme , Gu Christian , Krahn Daniel , Niessen Sherry , Verdoes Martijn , Willems Lianne I. , Overkleeft Hermen S. , Kaiser Markus , van der Hoorn Renier A.L. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Syringolin A (SylA) is a nonribosomal cyclic peptide produced by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae that can inhibit the eukaryotic proteasome. The proteasome is a multisubunit proteolytic complex that resides in the nucleus and cytoplasm and contains three subunits with different catalytic activities: β1, β2, and β5. Here, we studied how SylA targets the plant proteasome in living cells using activity-based profiling and imaging. We further developed this technology by introducing new, more selective probes and establishing procedures of noninvasive imaging in living Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cells. These studies showed that SylA preferentially targets β2 and β5 of the plant proteasome in vitro and in vivo. Structure-activity analysis revealed that the dipeptide tail of SylA contributes to β2 specificity and identified a nonreactive SylA derivative that proved essential for imaging experiments. Interestingly, subcellular imaging with probes based on epoxomicin and SylA showed that SylA accumulates in the nucleus of the plant cell and suggests that SylA targets the nuclear proteasome. Furthermore, subcellular fractionation studies showed that SylA labels nuclear and cytoplasmic proteasomes. The selectivity of SylA for the catalytic subunits and subcellular compartments is discussed, and the subunit selectivity is explained by crystallographic data.