bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the initial mass function and tilt of the fundamental plane of massive early-type galaxies
Authors: Grillo C. , Gobat R. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
We investigate the most plausible stellar initial mass function (IMF) and the main origin of the tilt of the fundamental plane (FP) for old, massive early-type galaxies. We consider a sample of 13 bright galaxies of the Coma cluster and combine our results with those obtained from a sample of 57 lens galaxies in the same luminous mass range. We estimate the luminous mass and stellar mass-to-light ratio values of the sample galaxies by fitting their Sloan Digital Sky Survey multiband photometry with composite stellar population models computed with different dust-free, solar-metallicity templates and IMFs. We compare these measurements and those derived from two-component orbit-based dynamical modelling. The photometric and dynamical luminous mass estimates of the galaxies in our sample are consistent, within the errors, if a Salpeter IMF is adopted. On the contrary, with a Kroupa or Chabrier IMF the two luminous mass diagnostics differ at a more than 4σ level. For the massive Coma galaxies, their stellar mass-to-light ratio scales with luminous mass as the corresponding effective quantities are observed to scale on the FP. This indicates that the tilt of the FP is primarily caused by stellar population properties. We conclude that old, massive lens and non-lens early-type galaxies obey the same luminous and dynamical scaling relations, favour a Salpeter IMF, and suggest a stellar population origin for the tilt of the FP. The validity of these results for samples of early-type galaxies with different age and mass properties still remains to be tested.
The role of lithium production in massive AGB and super-AGB stars for the understanding of multiple populations in globular clusters
Authors: Ventura P. , D'Antona F. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Lithium is made up in the envelopes of massive asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars through the process of Hot Bottom Burning. In globular clusters, this processing is one possible source of the hot-CNO burning whose nuclear products are then ejected into the intracluster medium and take part in the formation of a second stellar generation, explaining the peculiar distribution of chemical elements among the cluster stars. We discuss the lithium yields from AGB stars in the mass range 3 to ∼6.3 M⊙, and from super-AGB stars of masses in the range 6.5–9 M⊙ for metallicity Z= 10−3. The qualitative behaviour of these yields is discussed in terms of the physical structure of the different masses. Although many uncertainties affect the other yields of these stars (e.g. O, Na and Mg), even larger uncertainties affect the lithium yield, as it depends dramatically on the adopted description of mass-loss. When we adopt our standard mass-loss formulation, very large yields are obtained especially for the super-AGB stars, and we discuss their possible role on the lithium abundance of second generation stars in globular clusters.
Management of concurrent patellar luxation and cranial cruciate ligament rupture using modified tibial plateau levelling
Authors: Langenbach Anke , Marcellin‐Little Denis J. 
Published: January 2010

Objectives: To evaluate a novel surgery aimed at managing concurrent medial patellar luxation (MPL) and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) ruptures in dogs weighing more than 30 kg.Methods: Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and femoral trochleopasty were performed. The principal tibial fragment was laterally translated by 3 to 6 mm and was externally and abaxially rotated to create a wedge measuring 1·5 to 2·5 mm at the medial and cranial aspect and 1 to 3 mm at the medial and distal aspect of the tibial plateau fragment. The fragments were stabilised with a narrow TPLO plate.Results: Thirteen surgeries were performed in 12 dogs with a mean weight of 39·8 kg. The mean postoperative tibial plateau slope was 8·1°. Additional surgery was required in two cases, one due to failure of fixation and another due to screw breakage. The mean lameness score was 3·5 (out of 5) before surgery, 0·7 after 8 to 12 weeks, and 0·3 at final follow‐up. Median follow‐up was 1115 days (range, 270 to 2040 days). No patella luxated after surgery.ClinicalSignificance: MPL and CCL ruptures may be successfully managed by performing a TPLO and simultaneously altering the relationship of the principal and tibial plateau fragments during surgery.
English springer spaniels with significant bradyarrhythmias—presentation, troponin I and follow‐up after pacemaker implantation
Authors: Fonfara S. , Loureiro J. F. , Swift S. , James R. A. , Pereira Y. Martinez , Lopez‐Alvarez J. , Summerfield N. , Dukes‐McEwan J. 
Published: January 2010

Objectives: English springer spaniels (ESS) are one of the most frequently presented breeds for pacemaker implantation in the UK and may do so at an early age. In comparison to dogs of other breeds (non‐ESS) presenting for pacemaker implantation, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), the outcome and survival of ESS were investigated.Methods: Case records of dogs receiving pacemaker implantation were retrospectively reviewed.Results: Between September 2004 and October 2008, 58 dogs were presented to the Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool for pacemaker implantation. ESS (n=10) was the second most commonly presented breed. ESS were significantly younger than non‐ESS (P=0·022). cTnI values were elevated on presentation and a significant reduction was present after pacemaker implantation (P=0·008) in all dogs. No significant difference in initial cTnI was identified comparing ESS and non‐ESS (P=0·45) and median survival times were similar (P=0·37).ClinicalSignificance: ESS may be predisposed to bradyarrhythmias requiring pacemaker implantation. They present at a significantly younger age than non‐ESS. Survival times between ESS and non‐ESS were similar, despite ESS being paced at a younger age. However, pacemaker implantation is recommended in ESS as median survival times of 30 months with a good quality of life were achieved.
N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide and left ventricular diameter independently predict mortality in dogs with mitral valve disease
Authors: Moonarmart W. , Boswood A. , Fuentes V. Luis , Brodbelt D. , Souttar K. , Elliott J. 
Published: January 2010

Objectives: To determine whether natriuretic peptide concentrations would predict all cause mortality in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease.Methods: One hundred dogs with naturally occurring degenerative mitral valve disease were prospectively recruited for this longitudinal study. Analysis of outcome was undertaken for 73 dogs for which the outcome was known. Dogs underwent physical examination, electrocardiography and echocardiography. Natriuretic peptide concentrations were measured byEnzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The ability of natriuretic peptide concentrations, clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data, to predict all cause mortality was determined using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses.Results: Thirty dogs died during the period of follow‐up. Two variables were independently predictive of all cause mortality; these were the normalised left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter and the N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide concentration. An increase of the left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter by 0.1 increased the hazard of all cause mortality by 20% (95% confidence interval: 4 to 37%, P=0.01) and a 100 pmol/l increase in N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide increased the hazard by 7% (95 confidence interval: 2 to 11%, P=0.003).ClinicalSignificance: N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide concentration and left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter are significantly and independently predictive of all cause mortality in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease.
Owner's perception of carboplatin in conjunction with other palliative treatments for cancer therapy
Authors: Bowles D. B. , Robson M. C. , Galloway P. E. , Walker L. 
Published: January 2010

Objectives: To determine owner's perception of their pet's quality of life during treatment with carboplatin for a variety of canine and feline neoplasms.Methods: Owners were contacted via a postal questionnaire and asked questions regarding their perception of chemotherapy in pets and their perception of carboplatin treatment in their pet.Results: Twenty‐eight (59%) of owners responded to the questionnaire. Forty‐three percent of owners had not considered chemotherapy in pets before treatment; however, after treatment, 89% of owners supported its use. Sixteen (57%) patients had mild to severe side effects. Most patients experienced mild side effects, including lethargy and loss of appetite. Quality of life during treatment was reduced compared with prediagnosis quality of life however at its best was significantly improved compared with pretreatment quality of life. Eighty‐nine per cent of respondents did not regret treating their pet.ClinicalSignificance: Carboplatin is well tolerated by both owners and pets. Most patients have either no side effects or experience mild lethargy or inappetence. Carboplatin treatment, either alone or in conjunction with other medications, should be considered as a palliative treatment in both dogs and cats with susceptible neoplasms.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Role of mean platelet volume as discriminating guide for bone marrow disease in patients with thrombocytopenia
Authors: CHANDRA H. , CHANDRA S. , RAWAT A. , VERMA S. K. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryRecently, platelet indices have been evaluated to determine their utility in knowing the mechanism of thrombocytopenia. This study was conducted to analyze the role of mean platelet volume (MPV) as a guide or an indicator for bone marrow disease in thrombocytopenic patients. All the patients with thrombocytopenia for various causes followed by bone marrow examination were divided into two groups, one group with and another without bone marrow disease, depending on pathophysiology. The MPV was statistically analyzed in both the groups to assess its role as guide for bone marrow disease in these patients. Mean MPV (average score of all individual mean values in patients) in the group with bone marrow disease was 7.3 fl, while in the group without bone marrow disease, it was 8.62 fl. Although the difference in MPV in the two groups of with (including megaloblastic anemia) and without bone marrow involvement was statistically significant (P value <0.001), its sensitivity and specificity scores as observed by receptor operating characteristic (ROC) curve at cut‐off of <8.15 fl were not highly sufficient (67.7% sensitive and 65% specific). The study concluded that although MPV can be used as an initial hint for bone marrow disease in thrombocytopenic patients, it has limited sensitivity and specificity. The differentiation of megaloblastic anemia from other causes of pancytopenia involving the marrow requires bone marrow examination rather than using MPV as an indicator. Bone marrow examination remains the gold standard for discriminating hypoproductive type of thrombocytopenia from the hyperdestructive one. In addition, the role of other platelet indices should also be assessed further to know a better indicator for bone marrow involvement in thrombocytopenic patients.
Expansion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in hepatitis C virus‐related chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yoshizawa Kai , Abe Hiroshi , Kubo Yasuhito , Kitahara Takuya , Aizawa Ryoichi , Matsuoka Mika , Aizawa Yoshio 
Published: January 2010

Aim:  Regulatory T (Treg) cells may play a pivotal role in the persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, we examined their frequency in peripheral blood from patients with HCV‐positive chronic hepatitis (CH), cirrhosis (LC) and HCC.Methods:  Treg cells were identified as CD4+, CD25+ and FoxP3+ T lymphocytes using three‐color FACS. The frequency of Treg cells was expressed as a percentage of the total CD4+ T lymphocytes, and the phenotype of Treg cells was examined using CD45RA.Results:  Treg cells were significantly increased in CH (5.88 ± 0.19%, n = 76; P < 0.01), LC (6.10 ± 0.28%, n = 40; P < 0.001) and HCC (6.80 ± 0.30%, n = 57; P < 0.0001) compared to healthy control (5.13 ± 0.25%, n = 31). However, Treg cells were not increased with the progression of fibrosis or the grade of inflammations. Treg cells were slightly increased in early‐stage HCC (6.91 ± 0.40%) compared with advanced‐stage HCC (6.58 ± 0.39%), but these results were not statistically significant. In a serial examination, a distinct increase in Treg cells after local therapy for early‐stage HCC was a hallmark of early recurrence. Most expanded Treg cells in HCC were CD45RA‐, suggesting that a memory‐type Treg population had differentiated in the periphery and not in the thymus.Conclusion:  We observed an increase in Treg cells in HCV‐related chronic liver disease, particularly in HCC, and these cells were shown to be memory‐type Treg cells.
Megestrol and embryonic extracts in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective randomized trial in the pre‐sorafenib era
Authors: Giacomin Anna , Sergio Adriana , Vanin Veronica , Tartaro Pietro , Paccagnella Daniela , Mazzucco Mauro , Farinati Fabio 
Published: January 2010

Background:  Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) achieved significant results by the new treatment with sorafenib (a multi‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor), but, because it has been tested mainly in Child A cirrhosis, patients with impaired liver function are not eligible for the treatment.Methods:  This study was an open label phase III randomized trial comparing Synchro‐Levels (Alphrema, Varese, Italy) and megestrol, with a 2:1 design, in patients with advanced HCC, planned before the sorafenib registration. End‐points were objective response and impact on performance status (primary) and biochemical response (secondary).Results:  The patients enrolled were 61 (43 men, 18 women; Child A in 28 [48%] and B in 33 [52%]). Forty‐three were assigned to Synchro‐Levels, 18 to megestrol. Most patients had multifocal disease (75% in megestrol and 59% in Synchro‐Levels) and there was a significant difference in tumor burden, with more advanced disease in the megestrol arm (P = 0.0002). At 3 months, tumor burden was more frequently stable with megestrol, while performance status was significantly better in patients treated with Synchro‐Levels. At 6 months, α‐fetoprotein was more frequently stable or reduced with megestrol. An objective response was observed in a megestrol‐treated patient. Mortality was significantly lower and long‐term survival significantly more frequent with megestrol.Conclusion:  Megestrol treatment shows good results in advanced HCC and could become part of best supportive care in patients not suitable for other treatments, that, despite sorafenib, remain an important share.
Docetaxel inhibits progression of human hepatoma cell line in vitro and is effective in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yata Yutaka , Xue Feng , Takahara Terumi , Kudo Hiroshi , Hirano Katsuharu , Yasumura Satoshi , Minemura Masami , Scanga Andrew E , Sugiyama Toshiro 
Published: January 2010

Background:  Current chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is insufficient; only sorafenib has been proven to provide a modest survival benefit. A future direction of chemotherapy is to tailor treatment based on the chemosensitivity of each individual tumor. By doing so, only patients who stand to benefit from therapy will be exposed to potential side‐effects and morbidity. Although the use of docetaxel (DTX) for the treatment of lung, breast and gastric cancer has been reported, there are few reports about its use in the setting of HCC.Methods:  To examine the efficacy of DTX for HCC, we established a human hepatoma cell line (TK cell) from the patient's malignant ascites from peritoneal carcinomatosis and treated it with DTX in vitro.Results:  After we confirmed the efficacy of DTX in vitro, we treated our patient with DTX with positive results.Conclusion:  In this study, we present a therapeutic approach by using DTX that supports the potential usefulness of personalized medicine in vitro and demonstrates it clinically.
Accelerated expression of a Myc target gene Mina53 in aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ogasawara Sachiko , Komuta Mina , Nakashima Osamu , Akiba Jun , Tsuneoka Makoto , Yano Hirohisa 
Published: January 2010

Aim:  Expressions of the myc target genes Mina53 and mimitin are high in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and colon cancer, and their relationship to cell proliferation and patient prognosis has been reported. Because c‐myc gene expression is closely related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth or formation and/or maintenance, we examined the Mina53 and mimitin expressions in HCC.Methods:  Surgically resected 53 HCC tissues were immunohistochemically examined for Mina53 and mimitin expressions and their relationship to clinicopathological factors.Results:  Diffuse Mina53 expression was observed in the nuclei of cancer cells in the tumor nodule, but was often strong at the periphery of tumor nodules. Diffuse or scattered expression of mimitin was observed in the cytoplasm of HCC cells in tumor nodules. Mina53 expression was higher in poorly differentiated HCC than in well‐differentiated HCC, and significant relationship to histological grade was observed. The cases with a high Mina53 expression also had a high expression of a proliferation marker MIB‐1. This suggested the involvement of Mina53 in cell proliferation. Mina53 expression was high in the tumors of >2 cm of diameter than in ≤2 cm (P < 0.01). Mimitin expression tended to be high in tumors of >2 cm, but no significant relationship was observed either to histological grade, MIB‐1 expression, or the other clinicopathologic factors.Conclusions:  Our findings suggested that Mina53 expression is accelerated in HCC with a lower histological grade, with cell proliferation capability, or with a larger diameter, and Mina53 is related to biological malignancy of HCC.
Phase I/II study of a fine‐powder formulation of cisplatin for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Moriguchi Masamichi , Takayama Tadatoshi , Nakamura Masahiko , Aramaki Osamu , Higaki Tokio , Nakayama Hisashi , Ohkubo Takao , Fujii Masashi 
Published: January 2010

Aim:  The clinical feasibility of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with fine‐powder cisplatin (CDDP) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been investigated. A phase I/II study was conducted to investigate the safety and tolerability of fine‐powder CDDP when it was used with lipiodol and gelatin sponge particles for TACE.Methods:  Fine‐powder CDDP emulsified in lipiodol was injected into tumor arteries. Embolization was subsequently performed with gelatin sponge particles. The CDDP dose was started at 45 mg/m2 (level 1) and increased to 65 mg/m2 in 10 mg/m2 increments.Results:  Thirteen patients were enrolled in phase I study since no dose limiting toxicity was observed in any patients, even in seven patients at level 3 (65 mg/m2), the recommended dose was 65 mg/m2. The major adverse event was grade 3 thrombocytopenia, which occurred in 8% of patients. The incidence of hematological toxicities was 15% for leukocytopenia, 84% for thrombocytopenia, and 84% for anemia. Increased serum total bilirubin was observed in 54% and increased aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase in all patients. All digestive tract symptoms (nausea 77%, anorexia 84%, vomiting 31%) were grade 2 or lower. Total adverse events were grade 3 or higher in 44%. The response rate in 19 patients who received the recommended dose was 21%.Conclusions:  TACE with a fine‐powder formulation of CDDP at a dose of 65 mg/m2 is well tolerated in patients with unresectable HCC.
Theoretical electronic investigation of the low-lying electronic states of the LuF molecule
Authors: Hamade Y. , Taher F. , Choueib M. , Monteil Y. 
Published: January 2010

The theoretical electronic structure of the LuF molecule is investigated, using the Complete Active-Space Self-Consistent Field CASSCF and the MultiReference Configuration Interaction MRCI methods. These methods are performed for 26 electronic states in the representation 2s+1Λ(+/−), neglecting spin–orbit effects. Spectroscopic constants including the harmonic vibrational wave number ωe (cm–1), the relative electronic energy Te (cm–1) referred to the ground state and the equilibrium internuclear distance Re (Å) are predicted for all the singlet and triplet electronic states situated below 50 000 cm–1. Calculated potential energy curves are also reported.
Measurement of strong coupling constant from transverse momentum
Authors: Sepehri Alireza , Ghaffary Tooraj , Zomorrodian Mohammad Ebrahim 
Published: January 2010

Data from e+e– annihilation into hadrons at the center of mass energy of 60 GeV are used to study the distribution of momentum components with respect to the jet axis. At high energies, the gluon emission that leads to three jet structures represents a gross violation of the parton model without gluons and finds a most natural interpretation if gluon bremsstrahlung is included. The coupling constant, αs, is measured by two different methods, first by employing the jet clustering algorithm introduced by the JADE group. Using this method, the strong coupling constant is found to be 0.123 ± 0.004. Next, from the event shape distributions, we extract the strong coupling constant, αs, and test its evaluation with energy scale. The results are consistent with the running of αs, expected from QCD predictions. Averaging over different observables, the value of αs is determined to be 0.121 ± 0.007.
APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS OF NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
Authors: ABDOU M. A. 
Published: January 2010

An extend of He's homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is used for finding a new approximate and exact solutions of nonlinear difference differential equations arising in mathematical physics. To illustrate the effectiveness and the advantage of the proposed method, two models of nonlinear difference equations of special interest in physics are chosen, namely, Ablowitz–Ladik lattice equations and Relativistic Toda lattice difference equations. Comparisons are made between the results of the proposed method and exact solutions. The results show that the HPM is a attracted method in solving the differential difference equations (DDEs). The proposed method will become a much more interesting method for solving nonlinear DDEs in science and engineering.