bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropology, Shamanism, and Alternate Ways of Knowing–Being in the World: One Anthropologist's Journey of Discovery and Transformation
Authors: Glass‐Coffin Bonnie 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYFrom over 20 years of working with shamans and their apprentices in northern Peru and the United States, this article describes my own journey from scientist and skeptic to humanist and adept. It tells of the fundamental shift in consciousness I experienced as a result of a specific instance in which the veil between the seen and unseen worlds temporarily lifted, allowing me to engage with Spirit in new ways. It presents, as a result of this shift, the struggles I have faced in redefining my own relationship to my work as an anthropologist. Finally, it suggests some of the advantages to our discipline that can come from thinking outside the paradigmatic box that has, for much too long, kept us disengaged from the world in which we live.
The Shortage of On‐call Surgical Specialist Coverage: A National Survey of Emergency Department Directors
Authors: Rao Mitesh B. , Lerro Catherine , Gross Cary P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives:  Problems with on‐call specialist physician coverage have been identified as a significant issue for our nation’s health care system. Despite this, little is known about the full extent of these coverage deficiencies in emergency departments (EDs), their effect on emergency care provision, or the subsequent effect on patient flow should specialist‐requiring patients need to be transferred to centers of higher‐level care. The objective was to report the experiences of a national sample of ED directors regarding the degree of difficulty in providing specialist coverage and the effect of on‐call coverage problems on emergency patient care.Methods:  The authors conducted a cross‐sectional self‐administered survey of a national sample of ED directors. How frequently ED directors reported on‐call coverage problems, whether they recently lost on‐call coverage, whether their current on‐call coverage was reliable, and the potential effect on emergency care provision were all assessed.Results:  The overall response rate was 62% (442 of 715). Seventy‐four percent of respondents reported on‐call coverage problems with specialist physicians. Sixty percent reported having lost 24/7 coverage for at least one specialty in the past 4 years. Twenty‐six percent reported unreliability in their current on‐call coverage. Twenty‐three percent noted that their trauma center designation level had been affected by on‐call coverage, and 22% noted an increase in patients leaving before being seen by a medically needed specialist.Conclusions:  Difficulties in obtaining specialty on‐call coverage are a pervasive issue for EDs at the national level. Emergency care provision appears to have been affected, and this issue is further impacted by a perceived unreliability in current on‐call coverage provision as well as the attrition of coverage for individual specialties.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1374–1382 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
A Cross‐Cultural Test of the Value–Attitude–Behavior Hierarchy
Authors: Milfont Taciano L. , Duckitt John , Wagner Claire 
Published: November 2010

According to Homer and Kahle's (1988) cognitive hierarchy model, values indirectly influence behavior through attitudes. The model posits that the influence theoretically flows from more abstract cognitions to mid‐range cognitions to specific behaviors. This paper tests the cross‐cultural validity of the model across samples from Brazil, New Zealand, and South Africa. The paper specifically tests whether environmental attitudes would completely mediate the influence of both altruistic and self‐enhancement values on ecological behavior. This study also extended the model by including perceived threats from environmental problems. Supporting the expanded model, environmental attitudes fully mediated the influence of both values and perceived environmental threat on ecological behavior. This article provides empirical support for using the cognitive hierarchy model across cultures.
Regional variability in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) riverscapes: a simple landscape ecology model explaining the large variability in size of salmon runs across Gaspé watersheds, Canada
Authors: Kim M. , Lapointe M. 
Published: November 2010

Kim M, Lapointe M. Regional variability in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) riverscapes: a simple landscape ecology model explaining the large variability in size of salmon runs across Gaspé watersheds, Canada. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 144–156. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rivers in the Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec, present a 20 to 1 variability in the average numbers of returning adult salmon per km2 of watershed area (the ‘specific run size’). These variations are very poorly explained by interbasin differences in total stream length (R2 = 0.033, P = 0.533) or in estimates of total area of salmon habitat that fail to take into account complementarity and interconnections across life stage habitats (R2 = 0.065, P = 0.448). The relative spatial distribution of three complementary habitat types (adult holding pools, spawning beds, parr habitats) is hypothesised to be an important factor controlling the production of salmon at any given watershed area or given total stream length, and by extension the numbers of adults returning each year to spawn. We developed a simple riverine landscape ecology (or riverscape) model that uses easily accessible topographic map sources to identify optimally productive river segments. These segments were identified based on large‐scale river and valley features and the associated spatial organisation of complementary salmon habitats. We tested the ability of this model to predict salmon run sizes for 14 watersheds in the Gaspé Peninsula. The aggregate length of optimally productive segments, as defined in our model, is a strong predictor of the average size of the annual salmon runs for these watersheds (R2 = 0.913, P < 0.0005). Furthermore, specific salmon run sizes were accurately predicted (R2 = 0.771, P < 0.0005) after removal of the obvious scale effects of watershed size.
Sexual Dysfunction—A Silent Hurt: Issues on Treatment Awareness
Authors: Adegunloye Olushola Abejide , Ezeoke Grace Gwabachi 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Background
The magnitude of sexual health problems and availability of treatment options in the local environment is yet to be documented; thus, there is an urgent need for this, as sexual dysfunction may be a real social and psychological problem, needing urgent attention.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and pattern of sexual health seeking behavior, among secondary school teachers in Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria.

Methods
450 teachers were invited to complete an anonymous self-administered sociodemographic questionnaire, as well as three other instruments measuring human sexuality and general mental health status.

Main Outcome Measures
The survey instrument used were the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), a modified Sexual Activity Questionnaire (SAQ), and the General Health Questionnaire -30 (GHQ -30). Result were compared with established normative data, and validated cut-off scores that were available.

Results
A total of 417 teachers (93%) responded to the questionnaire. The following prevalence rates were found: female anorgasmia (40%), lubrication failure (30%), dyspareunia (12%), erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation and male orgasmic disorder (23% each), loss of sexual desire (24%), sexual life dissatisfaction, and relationship dissatisfaction six months prior to interview (10% each), and GHQ-30 scores were significant in sexual dysfunction in both genders, except for female anorgasmia and premature ejaculation in males. However, a presence of psychiatric morbidity was significantly found in overall sexual life dissatisfaction, as well as relationship dissatisfaction. The pattern of sexual health help-seeking behavior showed that majority (53%) do not seek treatment. Of these 53%, many (44%) gave the reason that they thought it transient, ignorance of hospital treatment service (30%), and fear of stigma (26%); also, among those that sought treatment, 46% chose alternative medicine.

Conclusion
The prevalence of sexual dysfunctions found in this study is comparable to those reported in earlier Nigerian studies. Despite this and the significant “psychiatric morbidity” experienced in sexual difficulties, apparently no health services have been specially designed to address sexual dysfunction among the teacher's group or the general population at large. This study therefore draws urgent attention to the need for services geared towards alleviating sexual problems, more professional and patient education are recommended.
Vaginal Estrogens for the Treatment of Dyspareunia
Authors: Krychman Michael L. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Vaginal atrophy, which is associated with vaginal itching, burning, dryness, irritation, and pain, is estimated to affect up to 40% of postmenopausal women. Estrogens play a key role in maintaining vaginal health; women with low serum estradiol are more likely to experience vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, and reduced sexual activity compared with women who have higher estradiol levels.

Aims
The purpose of this review is to assess the prevalence and impact of dyspareunia, a symptom of vaginal atrophy, on the health of postmenopausal women and to evaluate treatment options using vaginal estrogens (U.S. Food and Drug Administration [FDA] approved).

Methods
Relevant published literature was identified by searching Index Medicus using the PubMed online database. The search terms dyspareunia, vaginal estrogen, vaginal hormone therapy, vaginal atrophy, and atrophic vaginitis were the focus of the literature review.

Results
Current treatment guidelines for vaginal atrophy recommend the use of minimally absorbed local vaginal estrogens, along with non-hormonal lubricants or moisturizers, coupled with maintenance of sexual activity. Vaginal estrogen therapy has been shown to provide improvement in the signs and symptoms of vaginal or vulvar atrophy. Vaginal tablets, rings, and creams are indicated for the treatment of vaginal atrophy, and the FDA has recently approved a low-dose regimen of conjugated estrogens cream to treat moderate-to-severe postmenopausal dyspareunia. The use of low-dose vaginal estrogens has been shown to be effective in treating symptoms of vaginal atrophy without causing significant proliferation of the endometrial lining, and no significant differences have been seen among vaginal preparations in terms of endometrial safety.

Conclusion
Women should be informed of the potential benefits and risks of the treatment options available, and with the help of their healthcare provider, choose an intervention that is most suitable to their individual needs and circumstances.
Linguistic and Psychometric Validation of the Erection Hardness Score to Spanish
Authors: García-Cruz Eduard , Romero Otero Javier , Martínez Salamanca Juan Ignacio , Leibar Tamayo Asier , Rodríguez Antolín Alfredo , Astobieta Odriozola Ander , Alcaraz Antonio 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The Erection Hardness Score (EHS) is a one-item questionnaire that assesses rigidity on a 4-point scale.

Aim
To perform a validation of a Spanish version of the EHS by comparison with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire.

Methods
Validation of the EHS included: (i) professional translation of the scale; (ii) scientific evaluation of the translation from four independent urologists; (iii) assessment on five individuals to test correct comprehension and idiomatic adequacy (iv) validation of the EHS by a cross-sectional, multicenter comparison with the IIEF.

Main Outcome Methods
Patients were required to respond to a Spanish version of the EHS and IIEF. Statistic correlation was carried out between the EHS score and IIEF-erectile function domain (EF) score.

Results
A total of 125 patients were recruited. Overall prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) by the EHS questionnaire was of 80.2% patients (n = 97). Mean EHS was 2.74 ± 0.97. Mean IIEF-EF score was 17.4 ± 9.5. The EHS showed good reliability. The rate of missing responses to the EHS questionnaire was 0%. A one-factor analysis of variance was performed between the EHS and EF subdomain of IIEF (P = 0.000). Pearson’s correlation coefficient between EHS and EF subdomain of IIEF was 0.834, P &lt; 0.01.

Conclusions
The EHS is a reliable tool to test ED and its Spanish version was satisfactorily understood by patients and correlated with IIEF-EF.
Is Metabolic Syndrome a Useless Category in Subjects with High Cardiovascular Risk? Results from a Cohort Study in Men with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Monami Matteo , Rastrelli Giulia , Melani Cecilia , Balzi Daniela , Sforza Alessandra , Forti Gianni , Mannucci Edoardo , Maggi Mario 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although several studies have demonstrated that MetS is associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases, this risk does not appear to be greater than the sum of risks associated with each of its individual components.

Aim
To determine the association of men with ED and individual components of MetS and their subsequent relationship to CV risk, and, more specifically whether the sum of the MetS components is greater than the individual components in predicting CV risk.

Methods
We longitudinally studied a consecutive series of 1,687 (mean age 52.9 ± 12.8; range 17–88 years) patients attending our clinic for ED and evaluated different clinical and biochemical parameters.

Main Outcome Measures
Information on major adverse CV event (MACE) was obtained through the City of Florence Registry Office.

Results
One hundred thirty-nine MACE, 15 of which were fatal, occurred during a mean follow-up of 4.3 ± 2.6 years. Subjects with MetS at baseline showed a higher incidence of MACE (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.77), after adjusting for age, however, the association disappeared in an alternative Cox model, adjusting both for age and for individual MetS components (HR = 1,525 [0,564–4,123]; P = 0.408). The two most predictive MetS components of CV risk were low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and high triglycerides. Exploring possible interactions between individual components of MetS and their effect on CV risk using two alternative approaches indicates that the effect of MetS components on CV risk is additive, but not synergistic. Among subjects with hypertension, after adjusting for age, elevated glycemia, and low HDL cholesterol confer relevant additional risk, while in subjects with high triglycerides, hyperglycemia increased the risk of incident MACE.

Conclusions
With regards to CV risk, the MetS construct seems to add little or nothing to the careful assessment of its components. Thus, there is no reason to recommend the use of MetS as a diagnostic category in patients with ED.
Efficacy of Separated System Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration in Critical Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Susantitaphong Paweena , Tiranathanagul Khajohn , Srisawat Nattachai , Katavetin Pisut , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Eiam‐Ong Somchai 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntegrated system continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), the most popularly utilized mode for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), needs a sophisticated and expensive machine that is available only in limited critical care units. Separated system CVVH, which can be simply set up, might be an effectively alternative to CRRT. A one‐year prospective observational study regarding the efficacy of separated system CVVH was conducted with 192 critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. All patients underwent separated system CVVH with the pre‐dilution mode and a mean CVVH dose of 34.9 ± 2.7 mL/kg/h. The APACHE II score was 23.2 ± 8.4 and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was 12.0 ± 4.3. No complications, including air‐embolism or circuit clotting, were observed and the survival rate was 32.3%. Separated system CVVH is simple, safe, and efficient and could provide cheaper treatments than the integrated system. It could thus be an effective, alternative treatment for critical acute kidney injury patients when the integrated mode is unavailable.
Adaptive image ray-tracing for astrophysical simulations
Authors: Parkin E. R. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A technique is presented for producing synthetic images from numerical simulations, whereby the image resolution is adapted around prominent features. In so doing, adaptive image ray-tracing improves the efficiency of a calculation by focusing computational effort where it is needed most. The results of test calculations show that a factor of ≳4 speed-up, and a commensurate reduction in the number of pixels required in the final image, can be achieved compared to an equivalent calculation with a fixed-resolution image.
A survey of aged horses in Queensland, Australia. Part 2: clinical signs and owners' perceptions of health and welfare
Authors: McGowan TW , Pinchbeck G , Phillips CJC , Perkins N , Hodgson DR , McGowan CM 
Published: November 2010

Objective  To describe the prevalence and risk factors for clinical signs of disease and owner‐reported health or welfare issues of aged horses in Queensland, Australia.Methods  Owners of horses were contacted via an equestrian organisation in Queensland and asked to complete a questionnaire about their horses aged 15 years and older, to gain information about clinical signs observed in the horse and disease history. Owners were asked to identify health or welfare issues they felt were important in aged horses.Results  Owners were able to identify many clinical signs of disease, with 83% of horses having at least one reported clinical sign of disease. Muscle stiffness (33%), lameness (28%), ocular discharge (22%), change in hair coat (22%) and skin problems (21%) were the most commonly reported signs. Increasing age was a risk factor for the presence of clinical signs of disease. Ponies had an increased risk of both laminitis and hirsutism, whereas Thoroughbreds had an increased risk of stereotypies, wounds, weight loss and musculoskeletal signs. Owners reported a known disease or disorder in their horses less frequently than the clinical signs of disease. Owners reported weight loss (28%), arthritis/lameness (24%) and teeth/dental care (18%) as the most important health issues, followed by welfare issues (8%).Conclusion  Owners demonstrated concern for the health and welfare of their aged horses, but the lack of appropriate recognition of the significance of clinical signs and limited veterinary care suggest a need for increased client communication and veterinarian–client interaction.
Assessment of risk of monepantel faecal residues to dung fauna
Authors: Skripsky T , Hoffmann S 
Published: November 2010

Objective  To evaluate the safety of monepantel and its major metabolite for dung fauna. Monepantel is a new oral anthelmintic drug for use in sheep at a dose of 2.5 mg active ingredient/kg body weight. Hazard (toxicity) is related to the expected exposure.Design  The methodology was based on the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) draft guideline for testing of chemicals, so dung from cattle, not sheep, and eggs of the dung fly, Scathophaga stercoraria and larvae of the dung beetle Aphodius constans were used.Procedures  Monepantel or its sulfone metabolite were mixed into bovine faeces in which either dung fly eggs or dung beetle larvae were placed and their development observed. The primary endpoint was survival. Real exposure data (faecal concentrations) for comparison with the generated laboratory data were taken from a kinetics study in sheep dung.Results  The no‐observed effect concentration (NOEC) for monepantel was >1000 mg/kg substrate for dung flies and 250 mg/kg for dung beetles. The sulfone metabolite was slightly more toxic, with a NOEC of 500 mg/kg for dung flies and 125 mg/kg for dung beetles.Conclusion  A comparison of the results to the maximum concentrations of 15 mg monepantel and 4.5 mg sulfone per kg dung observed under an exaggerated dosing regime in sheep indicates that monepantel poses no risk to insect dung fauna when used as recommended. The study is considered valid because representatives of both genera were able to develop in bovine or ovine dung.
Anthelmintic resistance in cattle nematodes on 13 south‐west Victorian properties
Authors: Rendell DK 
Published: November 2010

Objective  To report the level of anthelmintic resistance on 13 commercial cattle properties in south‐west Victoria, Australia.Procedure  Between 2006 and 2009 worm egg count reduction tests were conducted on calves on the 13 properties. Samples were collected 10–14 days post anthelmintic treatment and worm egg counts and larval differentiation tests were conducted. Resistance was defined if there was less than 95% reduction (lower confidence limit <90%) in the faecal worm egg count for the particular genus.Results  The percentage of properties with anthelmintic resistance in at least one species was 54% for benzimidazole (BZ), 100% for levamisole (LEV) and for ivermectin (IVM) it was 100% for the half‐dose (0.1 mg/kg) and 62% for the full dose (0.2 mg/kg). A substantial frequency of resistance was detected in Ostertagia ostertagi to BZ (5/11), LEV (3/3) and IVM (5/11), in Trichostrongylus spp. to BZ (4/7) and in Cooperia spp. to IVM (6/11). No resistance to LEV was detected in Trichostrongylus or Cooperia spp. Suspected IVM‐resistant Trichostrongylus spp. and BZ‐resistant Cooperia spp. were only detected on one property each.Conclusion  This is the first Australian report of macrocyclic lactone‐resistant O. ostertagi in the refereed literature. The frequency of resistance in O. ostertagi to BZ, LEV and IVM and in Trichostrongylus spp. to BZ in the present study appears higher than levels detected in the 2004–05 New Zealand survey, whereas the resistance frequency in Cooperia spp. to IVM and BZ was less.