bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective view of a study of middle school science curriculum materials: Implementation, scale‐up, and sustainability in a changing policy environment
Authors: Lynch Sharon Jo , Pyke Curtis , Grafton Bonnie Hansen 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article provides an extended, comprehensive example of how teachers, schools, districts, and external factors (e.g., parental pressure and policy mandates) shape curriculum research in the U.S. It retrospectively examines how three different middle school curriculum units were implemented and scaled‐up in a large, diverse school system. The curriculum materials were cognitively based, hands‐on, guided inquiry units; each focused on a different “big idea” in science. The units met some criteria for instructional strategies rated by the Project 2061 Curriculum Analysis. Using evidence‐based decisions, two of the units were found to be effective and equitable, and went to scale, but one was not effective. However, the course of scale‐up was also affected by a changing policy climate, and proceeded in unpredictable ways, with small scale effects not found at large scale, and experienced teachers less effective than inexperienced teachers. Four years after funding ended, none of the units were sustained within the school district. The interactions between the demands of the units and of the school district's policy environment suggests reasons why this occurred, despite evidence that two of the units were successful with diverse learners. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 305–332, 2012
Chemometric modeling and two-dimensional fluorescence analysis of bioprocess with a new strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae to convert residual glycerol into 1,3-propanediol
Authors: Rossi Daniele Misturini , Solle Dörte , Hitzmann Bernd , Ayub Marco Antônio Záchia 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The goal of this study was to show that the metabolism of Klebsiella pneumoniae under different aeration strategies could be monitored and predicted by the application of chemometric models and fluorescence spectroscopy. Multi-wavelength fluorescence was applied to the on-line monitoring of process parameters for K. pneumoniae cultivations. Differences observed in spectra collected under aerobiosis and anaerobiosis can be explained by the different metabolic states of the cells. To predict process variables such as biomass, glycerol, and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD), chemometric models were developed on the basis of the acquired fluorescence spectra, which were measured continuously. Although glycerol and 1,3-PD are not fluorescent compounds, the results showed that this technique could be successfully applied to the on-line monitoring of variables in order to understand the process and thus improve 1,3-PD production. The root mean square errors of predictions were 0.78 units, 10 g/L, and 2.6 g/L for optical density, glycerol, and 1,3-PD, respectively.
Creatine and guanidinoacetate transport at blood‐brain and blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barriers
Authors: Braissant Olivier 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWhile it was thought that most of cerebral creatine is of peripheral origin, AGAT and GAMT are well expressed in CNS where brain cells synthesize creatine. While the creatine transporter SLC6A8 is expressed by microcapillary endothelial cells (MCEC) at blood‐brain barrier (BBB), it is absent from their surrounding astrocytes. This raised the concept that BBB has a limited permeability for peripheral creatine, and that the brain supplies a part of its creatine by endogenous synthesis. This review brings together the latest data on creatine and guanidinoacetate transport through BBB and blood‐CSF barrier (BCSFB) with the clinical evidence of AGAT‐, GAMT‐ and SLC6A8‐deficient patients, in order to delineate a clearer view on the roles of BBB and BCSFB in the transport of creatine and guanidinoacetate between periphery and CNS, and on brain synthesis and transport of creatine. It shows that in physiological conditions, creatine is taken up by CNS from periphery through SLC6A8 at BBB, but in limited amounts, and that CNS also needs its own creatine synthesis. No uptake of guanidinoacetate from periphery occurs at BBB except under GAMT deficiency, but a net exit of guanidinoacetate seems to occur from CSF to blood at BCSFB, predominantly through the taurine transporter TauT.
Reliability of the Chinese VALPAR Pro3000 Modular Assessment System for Assessing Persons with Mental Illness
Authors: Ngai Elena K.Y. , Siu Andrew M.H. , Ng Bacon F.L. 
Published: January 2012

Objective To assess the accuracy of translated instructions, items, content relevance, test–-retest reliability and interrater reliability of the Chinese version of three selected modules of the VALPAR Pro3000 Modular Assessment System for assessing persons with mental illness: (1) computerised assessment (COMPASS); (2) Physical, Environmental and Temperaments (PET) survey; and (3) spatial aptitude/nonverbal reasoning. Methods An expert panel of 12 experienced occupational therapists evaluated the translation and content validity. Twenty-nine participants completed all of the selected modules twice during a 10-day interval to assess the test–-retest reliability. To assess interrater reliability, two raters assessed the COMPASS work-sample tests taken by another 30 participants. Results Most of the COMPASS subtests had moderate to good retest reliability. The PET survey and spatial aptitude/nonverbal reasoning modules showed good retest reliability. Interrater reliability of the work samples was good. Conclusion The results of this study provide preliminary support for the reliability of the selected Pro3000 system modules in evaluating the work capabilities of people with mental illness.
Single‐incision total laparoscopic hysterectomy with conventional laparoscopy ports
Authors: Puntambekar Shailesh , Rayate Neeraj , Nadkarni Akshay , Joshi Saurabh , Agrawal Geetanjali , Desai Riddhi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo study the feasibility of performing single‐incision total laparoscopic hysterectomy using conventional ports and instruments.MethodsPatients undergoing laparoscopic surgery at Galaxy Care Laparoscopic Institute, Pune, India, between January 2007 and December 2010 were selected for participation. All procedures were performed using conventional laparoscopic instruments and trocars. Operative data—including operative time (from incision to port closure), blood loss, additional ports used, energy sources used, and intraoperative complications—were recorded.ResultsTwenty‐three procedures were performed during the study period. All procedures were completed via single incision only. Operative time, blood loss, and hospital stay were comparable with those associated with conventional laparoscopy.ConclusionIt is debatable whether laparoscopic surgery via a single incision would threaten the position of the current gold standard of conventional laparoscopic procedures. The present study showed that single‐incision laparoscopic surgery using conventional instruments is feasible and effective.
Adenoma malignum of the uterine cervix: Clinicopathologic analysis of 18 cases
Authors: Lim Kyung‐Taek , Lee In‐Ho , Kim Tae‐Jin , Kwon Yong‐Soon , Jeong Jin‐Gyu , Shin Soo‐Jin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and pathologic features of a rare tumor (adenoma malignum, AM). We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 18 patients diagnosed with AM at a single institute between March 1992 and November 2009. The median age of the patients was 45.8 years (range 29–76 years) and the mean follow‐up period was 49.2 months (range 4–168 months). A preoperative cytologic diagnosis (Papanicolaou smear) of AM was made in 22.2% (4/18) of the cases. Ten (55.6%) of the 18 patients were misdiagnosed with other benign diseases and underwent hysterectomies, which confirmed AM. Sixteen patients with AM were in the early stage (IB1, 11/18; IB2, 5/18) and the other two patients were in the advanced stage. Fourteen of 18 patients (77.8%) had pure AM alone. Adjuvant therapy was administered to eight of the patients (44.4%) with AM. The recurrence rate was zero, but the disease progressed in two of the patients (11.1%), who died of the disease. The 5‐year survival rate was 88.8%. A cytological diagnosis of AM based on a Papanicolaou smear is rarely made; a deep biopsy (cone biopsy or endocervical curettage) is necessary to diagnose this rare tumor preoperatively when there is any clinical suspicion of AM.
Wie können ältere Menschen für die Inanspruchnahme des präventiven Hausbesuches motiviert werden?
Authors: Patzelt Christiane , Deitermann Bernhilde , Heim Susanne , Krauth Christian , Theile Gudrun , Hummers-Pradier Eva , Walter Ulla 
Published: January 2012

Einleitung
Die Studie „Ältere gezielt erreichen“ ging der Frage nach, wie ältere Menschen für die Inanspruchnahme des präventiven Hausbesuches motiviert werden können. Mit der Zielgruppe der über 65-jährigen, nicht pflegebedürftigen Menschen konnte das bisherige Informationsmaterial zum präventiven Hausbesuch weiterentwickelt und zielgruppengerecht gestaltet werden. Die Zielgruppe des präventiven Hausbesuches wurde mit einem Kurzfragebogen stärker spezifiziert. Der Fragebogen und die zielgruppengerechte Ansprache wurden über zwei zentrale Zugangswege (Hausarzt, Krankenkasse) in der Versorgungspraxis erprobt.
Dynamic pitching of an elastic rectangular wing in hovering motion
Authors: Dai Hu , Luo Haoxiang , Doyle James F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn order to study the role of the passive deformation in the aerodynamics of insect wings, we computationally model the three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction of an elastic rectangular wing at a low aspect ratio during hovering flight. The code couples a viscous incompressible flow solver based on the immersed-boundary method and a nonlinear finite-element solver for thin-walled structures. During a flapping stroke, the wing surface is dominated by non-uniform chordwise deformations. The effects of the wing stiffness, mass ratio, phase angle of active pitching, and Reynolds number are investigated. The results show that both the phase and the rate of passive pitching due to the wing flexibility can significantly modify the aerodynamics of the wing. The dynamic pitching depends not only on the specified kinematics at the wing root and the stiffness of the wing, but also greatly on the mass ratio, which represents the relative importance of the wing inertia and aerodynamic forces in the wing deformation. We use the ratio between the flapping frequency,$\omega $, and natural frequency of the wing,${\omega }_{n} $, as the non-dimensional stiffness. In general, when$\omega / {\omega }_{n} \leq 0. 3$, the deformation significantly enhances the lift and also improves the lift efficiency despite a disadvantageous camber. In particular, when the inertial pitching torque is assisted by an aerodynamic torque of comparable magnitude, the lift efficiency can be markedly improved.
Type-Ia Supernova Rates and the Progenitor Problem: A Review
Authors: Maoz D. , Mannucci F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe identity of the progenitor systems of type-Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is a major unsolved problem in astrophysics. SN Ia rates are providing some striking clues. We review the basics of SN rate measurement, preach about some sins of SN rate measurement and analysis, and illustrate one of these sins with an analogy about Martian scientists. We review the recent progress in measuring SN Ia rates in various environments and redshifts, and their use to reconstruct the SN Ia delay-time distribution (DTD)—the SN rate versus time that would follow a hypothetical brief burst of star formation. A good number of DTD measurements, using a variety of methods, appear to be converging. At delays 1 <t<10 Gyr, these measurements show a similar, ∼t−1, power-law shape. The DTD peaks at the shortest delays probed. This result supports the idea of a double-degenerate progenitor origin for SNe Ia. Single-degenerate progenitors may still play a role in producing short-delay SNe Ia, or perhaps all SNe Ia, if the red-giant donor channel is more efficient than is found by most theoretical models. The DTD normalization enjoys fairly good agreement (though perhaps some tension), among the various measurements, with a Hubble time–integrated DTD value of about 2 ± 1 SNe Ia per 1000M⊙ (stellar mass formed with a low–mass turnover initial mass function). The local WD binary population suggests that the WD merger rate can explain the Galactic SN Ia rate, but only if sub-Chandra mergers lead to SN Ia events. We point to some future directions that should lead to progress in the field, including measurement of the bivariate (delay and stretch) SN Ia response function.
Ten‐year prognosis of heart failure in the community: follow‐up data from the Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening (ECHOES) study
Authors: Taylor Clare J. , Roalfe Andrea K. , Iles Rachel , Hobbs F.D. Richard 
Published: January 2012

AimsThis study investigates the 10‐year survival in the ECHOES (Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening) study and examines factors associated with prognosis.Methods and resultsA prospective study was carried out to investigate 10‐year survival in those with heart failure (HF) and/or left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). The mean age of participants in ECHOES was 64, and 50% were male. Records of all 6162 screened participants were flagged, and deaths up to 25 February 2009 were coded. Causes of death were categorized according to diagnosis on death certificate. Kaplan–Meier curves and log rank tests were used to compare survival times of participants with HF and LVSD in different diagnostic groups. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify variables associated with risk of death. A total of 2062 of the 6162 (33.5%) participants had died at the census date in February 2009. Of these deaths, 902 (43.7%) were due to cardiovascular disease, including 263 (12.8%) due to HF. Ten‐year survival was 75% for participants without HF, 26.7% for those with HF, 37.6% for those with LVSD, and 27.4% for those with HF and LVSD. Multiple‐cause HF had a 10‐year survival of 11.6%. Multiple variables including diabetes, valvular disease, diuretic use, and a previous label of HF, as well as lifestyle factors such as smoking and obesity, were associated with increased risk of death.ConclusionsPatients with HF and LVSD have a poor prognosis. However, the mortality rates of all‐cause, all‐stage HF as measured in the ECHOES cohort are around half those reported for patients diagnosed for the first time with HF during hospital admission.
Development of workplace‐based assessments of non‐technical skills in anaesthesia*
Authors: Crossingham G. V. , Sice P. J. A. , Roberts M. J. , Lam W. H. , Gale T. C. E. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryNon‐technical skills are recognised as crucial to good anaesthetic practice. We designed and evaluated a specialty‐specific tool to assess non‐technical aspects of trainee performance in theatre, based on a system previously found reliable in a recruitment setting. We compared inter‐rater agreement (multir‐ater kappa) for live assessments in theatre with that in a selection centre and a video‐based rater training exercise. Twenty‐seven trainees participated in the first in‐theatre assessment round and 40 in the second. Round‐ 1 scores had poor inter‐rater agreement (mean kappa = 0.20) and low reliability (generalisability coefficient G = 0.50). A subsequent assessor training exercise showed good inter‐rater agreement, (mean kappa = 0.79) but did not improve performance of the assessment tool when used in round 2 (mean kappa = 0.14, G = 0.42). Inter‐rater agreement in two selection centres (mean kappa = 0.61 and 0.69) exceeded that found in theatre. Assessment tools that perform reliably in controlled settings may not do so in the workplace.
Expression of the proliferation marker Ki‐67 associates with tumour staging and clinical outcome in differentiated thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Müssig Karsten , Wehrmann Tobias , Dittmann Helmut , Wehrmann Manfred , Ueberberg Bianca , Schulz Stefan , Bares Roland , Petersenn Stephan 
Published: January 2012

SummaryObjectiveAlthough the prognosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is excellent, with 10‐year survival rates of about 90%, about one‐third of patients experiences recurrent disease. We aimed to identify novel histological prognostic factors to optimize treatment and follow‐up of patients at risks.DesignRetrospective analysis of patients diagnosed from January 1990 to March 2004.SubjectsA total of 93 patients diagnosed with DTC of which 67 with papillary and 26 with follicular histology.MeasurementsAnalysis of immunohistochemical expression of somatostatin receptor (sst) subtypes 1–5, glucose transporter‐1 (GLUT‐1), receptor tyrosine kinase c‐KIT, oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and proliferation marker Ki‐67 and correlation with the patients’ clinical outcome.ResultsDTC showed immunohistochemical expression of GLUT‐1, C‐KIT and progesterone receptor in a high percentage of cases (range: 57–80%). In contrast, the oestrogen receptor as well as the sst subtypes 1–5 was less frequently detected (range: 15–29%). Mean staining of the proliferation marker Ki‐67 was 6% positive cells (range 0–20%). Ki‐67 expression was significantly associated with tumour staging (ρ = 0·2076, P = 0·0459), whereas the other histopathological markers were not associated with gender, age, tumour entity, or tumour classification. Tumour staging and expression of Ki‐67, oestrogen receptor and sst2, but of none of the other histopathological factors, independently predicted the clinical outcome 5 years after definitive treatment (P < 0·0001, P < 0·0001, P = 0·0004 and P = 0·0206, respectively).ConclusionsIn patients with DTC, Ki‐67 expression associates with tumour staging and clinical outcome.
Taxonomic relatedness does not matter for species surrogacy in the assessment of community responses to environmental drivers
Authors: Bevilacqua Stanislao , Terlizzi Antonio , Claudet Joachim , Fraschetti Simonetta , Boero Ferdinando 
Published: January 2012

Summary1. Taxonomic sufficiency concerns the use of higher‐taxon diversity as a surrogate for species diversity. It represents a fast and cost‐effective method to assess community responses to natural and anthropogenic environmental drivers. In spite of the potential applications of using higher taxa as surrogates for species, little research has been carried out to determine the underlying reasons that might make taxonomic surrogacy effective for detecting diversity changes.2. Here, we determine whether the effectiveness of higher taxa as species surrogates relies mostly on taxonomic relatedness of species (i.e. the relative closeness of species in the Linnaean taxonomic hierarchy) or depends simply on the numerical ratio between species and higher taxa (i.e. the degree of species aggregation). We reviewed the current literature on taxonomic sufficiency to check for any correlation between the effectiveness of higher taxa and the degree of species aggregation across different types of organisms. Tests based on random simulations from diverse marine mollusc assemblages were also carried out to ascertain whether the ability of higher taxa to detect variation in the multivariate structure of assemblages depended on the degree of species aggregation.3. Mollusc data showed that information loss and the ensuing decrease in statistical power to detect natural or human‐driven changes in assemblages at higher taxonomic levels depend on the degree of species aggregation, rather than on the taxonomic resolution employed. Analyses of the literature suggested that such outcomes could be generalizable to a wide range of organisms and environmental settings.4. Our findings do not support the idea of a direct relationship between taxonomic relatedness and ecological similarity among species. This indicates that taxonomic ranks higher than species may not provide ecologically meaningful information, because higher taxa can behave as random groups of species unlikely to convey consistent responses to natural or human‐driven environmental changes.5. Synthesis and applications. Surrogates of species‐level information can be based on the ‘highest practicable aggregation’ of species, irrespective of their taxonomic relatedness. Our findings cast doubt on static taxonomical groupings, legitimizing the use of alternative ways to aggregate species to maximize the use of species surrogacy.
FTO and Obesity: A Problem for a Billion People
Authors: Yeo Giles S. H. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryIt is an inescapable fact that obesity results from consuming more energy than you burn. The interesting question, however, is why some people eat more than others? Recent genetic analyses have revealed that variations in the fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) gene are robustly associated with obesity and increased food intake. This association is replicable across different age groups in multiple populations and attention is now turned to studying the complex biology of FTO.
Carnivore diet analysis based on next‐generation sequencing: application to the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in Pakistan
Authors: SHEHZAD WASIM , RIAZ TIAYYBA , NAWAZ MUHAMMAD A. , MIQUEL CHRISTIAN , POILLOT CAROLE , SHAH SAFDAR A. , POMPANON FRANÇOIS , COISSAC ERIC , TABERLET PIERRE 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDiet analysis is a prerequisite to fully understand the biology of a species and the functioning of ecosystems. For carnivores, traditional diet analyses mostly rely upon the morphological identification of undigested remains in the faeces. Here, we developed a methodology for carnivore diet analyses based on the next‐generation sequencing. We applied this approach to the analysis of the vertebrate component of leopard cat diet in two ecologically distinct regions in northern Pakistan. Despite being a relatively common species with a wide distribution in Asia, little is known about this elusive predator. We analysed a total of 38 leopard cat faeces. After a classical DNA extraction, the DNA extracts were amplified using primers for vertebrates targeting about 100 bp of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, with and without a blocking oligonucleotide specific to the predator sequence. The amplification products were then sequenced on a next‐generation sequencer. We identified a total of 18 prey taxa, including eight mammals, eight birds, one amphibian and one fish. In general, our results confirmed that the leopard cat has a very eclectic diet and feeds mainly on rodents and particularly on the Muridae family. The DNA‐based approach we propose here represents a valuable complement to current conventional methods. It can be applied to other carnivore species with only a slight adjustment relating to the design of the blocking oligonucleotide. It is robust and simple to implement and allows the possibility of very large‐scale analyses.