bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5 mg/day finasteride treatment for normoandrogenic Asian women with female pattern hair loss
Authors: Yeon JH , Jung JY , Choi JW , Kim BJ , Youn SW , Park KC , Huh CH 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground  Various treatments have been attempted for female pattern hair loss (FPHL), including topical minoxidil, oral antiandrogen and finasteride. But, there is no consensus on the standard treatment options. Clinical efficacy of finasteride in treating FPHL is still in controversy, but there is a tendency to high dose finasteride, which is more effective than lower dose.Objectives  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of high dose (5 mg/day) oral finasteride in normoandrogenic Asian women with FPHL.Methods  Total of 87 normoandrogenic, pre and post‐menopausal women with FPHL were enrolled in this study. They were treated with oral finasteride (Proscar®), 5 mg daily for 12 months.Efficacy was evaluated with hair density and thickness changes assessed by phototrichogram and global photographs using 7‐point scale.Results  Eighty‐six patients completed 12 months of finasteride treatment schedule. One patient (1.1%) withdrew due to headache. At initial visits, mean hair density was 90 ± 22/cm2 and mean hair thickness was 64 ± 11 μm. After 12 months of finasteride treatment, hair density was significantly increased to 107 ± 23/cm2 (P < 0.001), and hair thickness was also significantly increased to 70 ± 9 μm (P = 0.02). In global photographs, 70 (81.4%) of the 86 patients were improved (57 were slightly, 10 were moderately and four were greatly improved). Patients without any changes were 13 (15.1%) and 3 (3.5%) patients reported slightly aggravated. Four patients (4.6%) reported adverse events (headache, menstrual irregularity, dizziness and increased body hair growth). However, these adverse events were mild and disappeared soon.Conclusions  Oral finasteride, 5 mg/day, may be an effective and safe treatment for normoandrogenic women with FPHL.
Operationalizing proneness to externalizing psychopathology as a multivariate psychophysiological phenotype
Authors: Nelson Lindsay D. , Patrick Christopher J. , Bernat Edward M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe externalizing dimension is viewed as a broad dispositional factor underlying risk for numerous disinhibitory disorders. Prior work has documented deficits in event‐related brain potential (ERP) responses in individuals prone to externalizing problems. Here, we constructed a direct physiological index of externalizing vulnerability from three ERP indicators and evaluated its validity in relation to criterion measures in two distinct domains: psychometric and physiological. The index was derived from three ERP measures that covaried in their relations with externalizing proneness—the error‐related negativity and two variants of the P3. Scores on this ERP composite predicted psychometric criterion variables and accounted for externalizing‐related variance in P3 response from a separate task. These findings illustrate how a diagnostic construct can be operationalized as a composite (multivariate) psychophysiological variable (phenotype).
Cystamine metabolism and brain transport properties: clinical implications for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Bousquet Mélanie , Gibrat Claire , Ouellet Mélissa , Rouillard Claude , Calon Frédéric , Cicchetti Francesca 
Published: June 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 1651–1658.AbstractCystamine has shown significant neuroprotective properties in preclinical studies of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease (HD). Cysteamine, its FDA‐approved reduced form, is scheduled to be tested for clinical efficacy in HD patients. Here, we studied the key cystamine metabolites, namely cysteamine, hypotaurine and taurine, as well as cysteine, in order to identify which one is more distinctively responsible for the neuroprotective action of cystamine. After a single administration of cystamine (10, 50 or 200 mg/kg), naïve mice were perfused with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) at 1, 3, 12, 24 or 48 h post‐injection and brain and plasma samples were analyzed by two distinct HPLC methods. Although plasma levels remained under the detection threshold, significant increases in cysteamine brain levels were detected with the 50 and 200 mg/kg doses in mice perfused 1 and 3 h following cystamine injection. To further assess cysteamine as the candidate molecule for pre‐clinical and clinical trials in PD, we evaluated its capacity to cross the blood brain barrier. Using an in situ cerebral perfusion technique, we determined that the brain transport coefficient (Clup) of cysteamine (259 μM) was 0.15 ± 0.02 μL/g/s and was increased up to 0.34 ± 0.07 μL/g/s when co‐perfused in the presence of cysteine. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that cysteamine is the neuroactive metabolite of cystamine and may further support its therapeutic use in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in HD and PD.
Role of shelterin in cancer and aging
Authors: Martínez Paula , Blasco Maria A. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryMammalian telomeres are formed by tandem repeats of the TTAGGG sequence bound by a specialized six‐protein complex known as shelterin, which has fundamental roles in the regulation of telomere length and telomere capping. In the past, the study of mice genetically modified for telomerase components has been instrumental to demonstrate the role of telomere length in cancer and aging. Recent studies using genetically modified mice for shelterin proteins have highlighted an equally important role of telomere‐bound proteins in cancer and aging, even in the presence of proficient telomerase activity and normal telomere length. In this review, we will focus on recent findings, suggesting a role of shelterin components in cancer and aging.
p16INK4a‐mediated suppression of telomerase in normal and malignant human breast cells
Authors: Bazarov Alexey V. , Van Sluis Marjolein , Hines William C. , Bassett Ekaterina , Beliveau Alain , Campeau Eric , Mukhopadhyay Rituparna , Lee Won Jae , Melodyev Sonya , Zaslavsky Yuri , Lee Leonard , Rodier Francis , Chicas Agustin , Lowe Scott W. , Benhattar Jean , Ren Bing , Campisi Judith , Yaswen Paul 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThe cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p16INK4a (CDKN2A) is an important tumor suppressor gene frequently inactivated in human tumors. p16 suppresses the development of cancer by triggering an irreversible arrest of cell proliferation termed cellular senescence. Here, we describe another anti‐oncogenic function of p16 in addition to its ability to halt cell cycle progression. We show that transient expression of p16 stably represses the hTERT gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of telomerase, in both normal and malignant breast epithelial cells. Short‐term p16 expression increases the amount of histone H3 trimethylated on lysine 27 (H3K27) bound to the hTERT promoter, resulting in transcriptional silencing, likely mediated by polycomb complexes. Our results indicate that transient p16 exposure may prevent malignant progression in dividing cells by irreversible repression of genes, such as hTERT, whose activity is necessary for extensive self‐renewal.
BTG2 antagonizes Pin1 in response to mitogens and telomere disruption during replicative senescence
Authors: Wheaton Keith , Muir Jennifer , Ma Weili , Benchimol Samuel 
Published: June 2010

SummaryCellular senescence limits the replicative capacity of normal cells and acts as an intrinsic barrier that protects against the development of cancer. Telomere shortening–induced replicative senescence is dependent on the ATM‐p53‐p21 pathway but additional genes likely contribute to senescence. Here, we show that the p53‐responsive gene BTG2 plays an essential role in replicative senescence. Similar to p53 and p21 depletion, BTG2 depletion in human fibroblasts leads to an extension of cellular lifespan, and ectopic BTG2 induces senescence independently of p53. The anti‐proliferative function of BTG2 during senescence involves its stabilization in response to telomere dysfunction followed by serum‐dependent binding and relocalization of the cell cycle regulator prolyl isomerase Pin1. Pin1 inhibition leads to senescence in late‐passage cells, and ectopic Pin1 expression rescues cells from BTG2‐induced senescence. The neutralization of Pin1 by BTG2 provides a critical mechanism to maintain senescent arrest in the presence of mitogenic signals in normal primary fibroblasts.
Dietary restriction enhances germline stem cell maintenance
Authors: Mair William , McLeod Catherine J. , Wang Lei , Jones D. Leanne 
Published: June 2010

SummaryDietary restriction (DR) increases lifespan in species ranging from yeast to primates, maintaining tissues in a youthful state and delaying reproductive senescence. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which this occurs. Here we demonstrate that, concurrent with extending lifespan, DR attenuates the age‐related decline in male germline stem cell (GSC) number in Drosophila. These data support a model whereby DR enhances maintenance of GSCs to extend the reproductive period of animals subjected to adverse nutritional conditions. This represents the first example of DR maintaining an adult stem cell pool and suggests a potential mechanism by which DR might delay aging in the tissues of higher organisms.
Retrospective Study: The association of blood lactate concentration with outcome in dogs with idiopathic immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia: 173 cases (2003–2006)
Authors: Holahan Melissa L. , Brown Andrew J. , Drobatz Kenneth J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective –To determine the association of blood lactate with outcome and response to transfusion therapy in dogs with idiopathic immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA).Design –Retrospective study.Setting –Urban veterinary small animal emergency hospital.Animals –One hundred and seventy‐three client‐owned dogs with IMHA.Interventions –None.Measurements and Main Results –Serial blood lactate concentration, therapeutic interventions, and outcome were recorded. Nonsurvivors were defined as those that died or were euthanized. One hundred and thirty‐three dogs (77%) survived, 35 (20%) were euthanized, and 5 (3%) died. One hundred forty‐five dogs (84%; 145/173) had a lactate concentration above the laboratory reference interval [0.46–2.31 mmol/L] on presentation. Blood lactate at presentation was higher in the nonsurvivors (median 4.8 mmol/L; 0.5–13.6) compared with survivors (median 2.9 mmol/L; 0.3–13.2) (P<0.01). All dogs presenting with hyperlactatemia that normalized (<2.0 mmol/L) within 6 hours of admission survived, whereas, 71% of dogs that had a persistent hyperlactatemia at 6 hours survived (P=0.034). Lactate was positively correlated with age, BUN, and alkaline phosphatase, and inversely correlated with PCV. Receiver operating curve analysis for lactate concentration at admission as a test for outcome had an area under the curve of 0.69 with an optimal lactate cutoff concentration of 4.4 mmol/L correctly predicting outcome 73% of the time (sensitivity 60%, specificity 77%).Conclusions –Lactate concentration at presentation was significantly higher in nonsurvivors than survivors. Lactate was significantly correlated with previously reported outcome variables but lactate concentration at admission, as a predictor for outcome was less than optimal. However, serial lactate concentration measurements may be more predictive as patients with persistent hyperlactatemia 6 hours after admission were less likely to survive. Prospective studies evaluating serial lactate concentration while controlling for other variables may provide further insight into lactate measurement as a prognostic indicator in animals with IMHA.
Retrospective Study: Surgical intervention in the management of severe acute pancreatitis in cats: 8 cases (2003–2007)
Authors: Son Tolina T. , Thompson Lisa , Serrano Sergi , Seshadri Ravi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective
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To evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of cats undergoing surgical intervention in the course of treatment for severe acute pancreatitis.Design
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Retrospective observational study from 2003 to 2007 with a median follow‐up period of 2.2 years (range 11 d–5.4 y) postoperatively.Setting
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Private referral veterinary center.Animals
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Eight cats.Interventions
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None.Measurements and Main Results
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Quantitative data included preoperative physical and clinicopathologic values. Qualitative parameters included preoperative ultrasonographic interpretation, perioperative and intraoperative feeding tube placement, presence of free abdominal fluid, intraoperative closed suction abdominal drain placement, postoperative complications, microbiological culture, and histopathology. Common presenting clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting. Leukocytosis and hyponatremia were present in 5 of 8 cats. Hypokalemia, increased total bilirubin, and hyperglycemia were present in 6 of 8 cats. Elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transferase were present in all cats. Surgery for extrahepatic biliary obstruction was performed in 6 cats, pancreatic abscess in 3 cats, and pancreatic necrosis in 1 cat. Six of the 8 cats survived. Five of the 6 cats that underwent surgery for extrahepatic biliary obstruction and 1 cat that underwent pancreatic necrosectomy survived. All 5 of the cats with extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to pancreatitis survived. The 2 nonsurvivors included a cat with a pancreatic abscess and a cat with severe pancreatitis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to a mass at the gastroduodenal junction. Postoperative complications included progression of diabetes mellitus, septic peritonitis, local gastrostomy tube stoma inflammation, local gastrostomy tube stoma infection, and mild dermal suture reaction.Conclusion
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Cats with severe acute pancreatitis and concomitant extrahepatic biliary obstruction, pancreatic necrosis, or pancreatic abscesses may benefit from surgical intervention. Cats with extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to severe acute pancreatitis may have a good prognosis.
Retrospective Study: Trends in plasma transfusion at a veterinary teaching hospital: 308 patients (1996–1998 and 2006–2008)
Authors: Snow Sara J. , Ari Jutkowitz L. , Brown Andrew J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives –To describe changes in fresh frozen plasma (FFP) utilization over a 10‐year period at a veterinary teaching hospital. To evaluate the effect of FFP administration on specific laboratory parameters.Design –Retrospective observational study.Setting –University teaching hospital.Animals–Two hundred and eighty‐three dogs and 25 cats.Interventions –A hospital database search was performed for all animals receiving FFP during the study periods.Measurements and Main Results –Medical records of patients receiving plasma transfusions from 2006 to 2008 and from 1996 to 1998 were reviewed. Data collected included indications for transfusion, transfused volume, concurrent therapies, clinicopathologic data pre‐ and post‐transfusion, transfusion reactions, days of hospitalization, and outcome. FFP was administered to 112 dogs and 23 cats from 2006 to 2008 and to 171 dogs and 2 cats from 1996 to 1998. Significantly fewer patients received FFP for the treatment of hypoalbuminemia (2006–2008: 15% versus 1996–1998: 53%;P<0.001) or pancreatitis (2006–2008: 2% versus 1996–1998: 13%;P=0.001) and significantly more patients received FFP for coagulopathy (2006–2008: 80% versus 1996–1998: 31%;P<0.001) in the 2006–2008 group compared with the 1996–1998 group. For all patients receiving FFP, there was no difference in mean serum albumin concentration pre‐ and post‐transfusion. Median prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were significantly decreased post FFP administration. No association was found between the volume of plasma administered and outcome.Conclusions –FFP utilization has changed significantly over a 10‐year period. FFP was used most commonly in 2006–2008 for the correction of coagulopathy. FFP administration was associated with significant reduction in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time but did not significantly alter albumin concentration when administered at median doses of 15–18 mL/kg.
Internally consistent data for sulphur‐bearing phases and application to the construction of pseudosections for mafic greenschist facies rocks in Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–CO2–O–S–H2O
Authors: EVANS K. A. , POWELL R. , HOLLAND T. J. B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Holland and Powell internally consistent data set version 5.5 has been augmented to include pyrite, troilite, trov (Fe0.875S), anhydrite, H2S, elemental S and S2 gas. Phase changes in troilite and pyrrhotite are modelled with a combination of multiple end‐members and a Landau tricritical model. Pyrrhotite is modelled as a solid solution between hypothetical end‐member troilite (trot) and Fe0.875S (trov); observed activity–composition relationships fit well to a symmetric formalism model with a value for wtrot−trov of −3.19 kJ mol−1. The hypothetical end‐member approach is required to compensate for iron distribution irregularities in compositions close to troilite. Mixing in fluids is described with the van Laar asymmetric formalism model with aij values for H2O–H2S, H2S–CH4 and H2S–CO2 of 6.5, 4.15 and 0.045 kJ mol−1 respectively. The derived data set is statistically acceptable and replicates the input data and data from experiments that were not included in the initial regression. The new data set is applied to the construction of pseudosections for the bulk composition of mafic greenschist facies rocks from the Golden Mile, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. The sequence of mineral assemblages is replicated successfully, with observed assemblages predicted to be stable at X(CO2) increasing with increasing degree of hydrothermal alteration. Results are compatible with those of previous work. Assemblages are insensitive to the S bulk content at S contents of less than 1 wt%, which means that volatilization of S‐bearing fluids and sulphidation are unlikely to have had major effects on the stable mineral assemblage in less metasomatized rocks. The sequence of sulphide and oxide phases is predicted successfully and there is potential to use these phases qualitatively for geobarometry. Increases in X(CO2) stabilized, in turn, pyrite–magnetite, pyrite–hematite and anhydrite–pyrite. Magnetite–pyrrhotite is predicted at temperatures greater than 410 °C. The prediction of a variety of sulphide and oxide phases in a rock of fixed bulk composition as a function of changes in fluid composition and temperature is of particular interest because it has been proposed that such a variation in phase assemblage is produced by the infiltration of multiple fluids with contrasting redox state. The work presented here shows that this need not be the case.
The Role of Computed Tomography in the Diagnostic Work‐Up of Headache Patients in Nigeria
Authors: Onwuchekwa Chinwe R. , Onwuchekwa Arthur C. 
Published: June 2010

Objective.— To determine the yield of computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain in the evaluation of patients presenting with headache at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH).Background.— Headache is a pain in the head or upper neck. It is one of the most common locations of pain in the body that leads patients to see a physician. CT scan is invaluable as an imaging tool in assessment of intracranial lesions that may present with headache.Methods.— The records of all the patients referred from a variety of inpatient and outpatient settings to the radiology department of UPTH with the main complaint of headache for brain (CT) scan were identified. Data extracted include referral source, indication for CT, age, sex, presenting complaint, duration of headache, and CT findings. The data were analyzed using SPSS 14.0 statistical package.Results.— A total of 80 patients with chronic or recurrent headache met the selection criteria. The age range was 16 to 85 years with a mean of 39.8 ± 14.62 years. There were 36 males and 44 females with male to female ratio of 1 : 1.2. About half of the patients were ≤45 years. Of the total number, 72 (90%) patients had normal CT findings, 2 (2.5%) had cerebral atrophy, 2 (2.5%) had cerebral edema, 2 (2.5%) had intracerebral hematoma while 1 (1.25%) patient each had cerebral infarction and subdural hematoma, respectively. There was no case of brain tumor.Conclusions.— The yield of correctable abnormalities from routine CT scan of the brain in headache patients with normal neurologic findings is low and does not justify its use in a resource poor country.(Headache 2010;50:1346‐1352)
Environmental Modulation of Alcohol Intake in Hamsters: Effects of Wheel Running and Constant Light Exposure
Authors: Hammer Steven B. , Ruby Christina L. , Brager Allison J. , Prosser Rebecca A. , Glass John David 
Published: June 2010

Background: Alcohol abuse leads to marked disruptions of circadian rhythms, and these disturbances in themselves can increase the drive to drink. Circadian clock timing is regulated by light, as well as by nonphotic influences such as food, social interactions, and wheel running. We previously reported that alcohol markedly disrupts photic and nonphotic modes of circadian rhythm regulation in Syrian hamsters. As an extension of this work, we characterize the hedonic interrelationship between wheel running and ethanol (EtOH) intake and the effects of environmental circadian disruption (long‐term exposure to constant light [LL]) on the drive to drink.Methods: First, we tested the effect of wheel running on chronic free‐choice consumption of a 20% (v/v) EtOH solution and water. Second, the effect of this alcohol drinking on wheel running in alcohol‐naive animals was investigated. Third, we assessed the influence of LL, known to suppress locomotor activity and cause circadian rhythm disruption, on EtOH consumption and wheel‐running behavior.Results: Inhibitory effects of wheel running on EtOH intake and vice versa were observed. Exposure to LL, while not affecting EtOH intake, induced rhythm splitting in 75% of the animals. Notably, the splitting phenotype was associated with lower levels of EtOH consumption and preference prior to, and throughout, the period of LL exposure.Conclusions: These results are evidence that exercise may offer an efficacious clinical approach to reducing EtOH intake. Also, predisposition for light‐induced (or other) forms of circadian disruption may modulate the drive to drink.