bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core scale heterogeneity and resistivity modeling for accurate fluid status and saturation evaluation in non Archie Carbonate reservoir, Libya
Authors: Elsadawi A. , Umbhauer Francois , Rebelle Michel , Leduc Jean Pierre , Guyotte Eric 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Low Resistivity Pay intervals are often present along carbonate reservoirs sections and bring a lot of problems in fluid determination and saturation assessment. An integrated methodology has been developed from a well documented Libyan field case to tackle these problems. The resistivity logs run in this reservoir formation, drilled with water based mud, lead after interpretation to predict values of water saturation higher than 70%, despite low BSW observed after perforation. The feeling was that actual water saturation was much lower, from core observations showing that the problematic interval was very heterogeneous, with macro porous oil bearing patches embedded in a micro porous water bearing background. This particular texture could have generated an electrical bypass of hydrocarbon filled connected porosity, leading to a biased estimation of oil volume while interpreting resistivity with conventional Archie's m=n=2 parameters. The workflow designed to improve such formations characterisation follows 3 steps:–Acquisition and processing of Computed Tomography scanner images to visualise reservoir heterogeneities in 3D along the cored section, completed by minipermeameter acquisitions to characterise them in terms of reservoir quality.–Building of a core scale geological model of the cored interval and of its wellbore section, constrained by a CT scan derived facies cube and petrophysical properties based on core measurements (conventional plugs, core minipermeameter, SCAL data, including Interfacial Tension and capillary Pressure measurements). A reference average saturation data was obtained from this core scale geomodel.–Forward modelling of the resistivity response of a 2D section derived from the core geomodel, using a research software simulating the invasion process, to be compared with field acquired resistivity curves.
This approach allowed to verify that the bias in saturation evaluation was, as expected, directly explained by the complex 3D heterogeneity of the reservoir, not detected by conventional logs, and not accurately represented by the conventional values of Archie's parameters. Average water saturation value of 51%, derived from core geomodel was found more consistant with production data, through fractional flow analysis, than the 77% one obtained from resistivity logs interpretation, considering conventional Archie's parameters. These results can be used to correct the log saturation of equivalent facies intervals in case resistivity tools only are available, providing image log or geological knowledge lead to their identification.
Cleidocranial Dysplasia: A Case Report
Authors: Haque M Azizul , Ekram ARM Saifuddin , Huda M Durrul 
Published: November 2009

Cleidocranial dysplasia is an autosomal dominant disorder with a wide range of expression, characterized by clavicular aplasia or hypoplasia, retarded cranial ossification, supernumerary teeth, short stature and a variety of other skeletal abnormalities. We are reporting a case of Cleidocranial dysplasia with literature is review. doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i2.3799 TAJ 2008; 21(2): 166-169
Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Hoque M Azizul , Haque M Zahirul , Alam ABM Saiful , Islam AHM Tohurul , Rashid DA , Hossain M Jahangir 
Published: November 2009

We report a case of a middle aged lady who presented with alteration of consciousness and dysphasia. She was found to have hyponatremia which was corrected rapidly. After initial improvement, she subsequently developed marked deterioration of conscious level with upper motor sign signs in all four limbs. Osmotic demyelination syndrome was diagnosed by MRI. Severe hyponatremia carries a risk of cerebral edema with a significant mortality, but correcting it too rapidly can result in even more disastrous condition- osmotic demyelination syndrome. doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i2.3800 TAJ 2008; 21(2): 170-173
Recent Advances in Research on Carbon Nanotube–Polymer Composites
Authors: Byrne Michele T. , Gun'ko Yurii K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) demonstrate remarkable electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, which allow a number of exciting potential applications. In this article, we review the most recent progress in research on the development of CNT–polymer composites, with particular attention to their mechanical and electrical (conductive) properties. Various functionalization and fabrication approaches and their role in the preparation of CNT–polymer composites with improved mechanical and electrical properties are discussed. We tabulate the most recent values of Young's modulus and electrical conductivities for various CNT–polymer composites and compare the effectiveness of different processing techniques. Finally, we give a future outlook for the development of CNT–polymer composites as potential alternative materials for various applications, including flexible electrodes in displays, electronic paper, antistatic coatings, bullet‐proof vests, protective clothing, and high‐performance composites for aircraft and automotive industries.
All‐Carbon Scaffolds by Rational Design
Authors: Diederich François , Kivala Milan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe search for new molecular and regular polymeric allotropes of carbon has greatly stimulated the preparation and investigation of π‐conjugated acetylenic macrocycles, which often represent substructures of proposed 2D carbon networks. Perethynylated dehydroannulenes, expanded radialenes, and radiaannulenes with large, multi‐nanometer‐sized all‐carbon cores are potent electron acceptors, and their optoelectronic as well as stability and solubility properties are greatly enhanced by peripheral donor substitution. Acetylenic scaffolding into three dimensions has generated an expanded cubane with a C56 core, the first representative of a new class of “platonic” objects. Exceptional chiroptical properties displayed by enantiomerically pure alleno‐acetylenic, shape‐persistent macrocycles promise fascinating perspectives for the development of molecular and supramolecular chiroptical materials.
Endo‐ and exo‐inulinases: Enzyme‐substrate interaction and rational immobilization
Authors: Basso Alessandra , Spizzo Patrizia , Ferrario Valerio , Knapic Lorena , Savko Nina , Braiuca Paolo , Ebert Cynthia , Ricca Emanuele , Calabrò Vincenza , Gardossi Lucia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThree‐dimensional models of exoinulinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus and endoinulinase from Aspergillus niger were built up by means of homology modeling. The crystal structure of exoinulinase from Aspergillus awamori was used as a template, which is the sole structure of inulinase resolved so far. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the differences between the two inulinases in terms of substrate selectivity. The analysis of the structural differences between the two inulinases provided the basis for the explanation of their different regio‐selectivity and for the understanding of enzyme‐substrate interactions. Surface analysis was performed to point out structural features that can affect the efficiency of enzymes also after immobilization. The computational analysis of the three‐dimensional models proved to be an effective tool for acquiring information and allowed to formulate an optimal immobilized biocatalyst even more active that the native one, thus enabling the full exploitation of the catalytic potential of these enzymes. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Separation of astaxanthin from cells of Phaffia rhodozyma using colloidal gas aphrons in a flotation column
Authors: Dermiki Maria , Bourquin Anne Lise , Jauregi Paula 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the separation of astaxanthin from the cells of Phaffia rhodozyma using colloidal gas aphrons (CGA), which are surfactant stabilized microbubbles, in a flotation column. It was reported in previous studies that optimum recoveries are achieved at conditions that favor electrostatic interactions. Therefore, in this study, CGA generated from the cationic surfactant hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) were applied to suspensions of cells pretreated with NaOH. The different operation modes (batch or continuous) and the effect of volumetric ratio of CGA to feed, initial concentration of feed, operating height, and flow rate of CGA on the separation of astaxanthin were investigated. The volumetric ratio was found to have a significant effect on the separation of astaxanthin for both batch and continuous experiments. Additionally, the effect of homogenization of the cells on the purity of the recovered fractions was investigated, showing that the homogenization resulted in increased purity. Moreover, different concentrations of surfactant were used for the generation of CGA for the recovery of astaxanthin on batch mode; it was found that recoveries up to 98% could be achieved using CGA generated from a CTAB solution 0.8 mM, which is below the CTAB critical micellar concentration (CMC). These results offer important information for the scale‐up of the separation of astaxanthin from the cells of P. rhodozyma using CGA. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Population estimation of human embryonic stem cell cultures
Authors: Thurnherr Thomas , Choo Andre , Reading Ivan , Oh Steve K. W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTraditionally, the population of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) culture is estimated through haemacytometer counts, which include harvesting the cells and manually analyzing a fraction of an entire population. Obviously, through this highly invasive method, it is not possible to preserve any spatial information on the cell population. The goal of this study is to identify a fast and consistent method for in situ automated hESC population estimation to quantitatively estimate the cell growth. Therefore, cell cultures were fixed, stained, and their nuclei imaged through high‐resolution microscopy, and the images were processed with different image analysis techniques. The proposed method first identifies signal and background by computing an image specific threshold for image segmentation. By applying a morphological operator (watershed), we split most physically overlapping nuclei, leading to a pixel area distribution of isolated signal areas on the image. On the basis of this distribution, we derive a nucleus area model, describing the distribution of the area of cell debris, single nuclei, and small groups of connected nuclei. Through the model, we can give a quantitative estimation of the population. The focus of this study is on low‐density human embryonic stem cell populations; hence cultures were measured at days 2–3 after seeding. Compared with manual cell counts, the automatic method achieved higher accuracy with <6% error. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Making anatomic terminology of the prostate and contiguous structures clinically useful: Historical review and suggestions for revision in the 21st Century
Authors: Myers Robert P. , Cheville John C. , Pawlina Wojciech 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHerein we review nomenclature of the prostate and contiguous structures in each of the 10 official publications from the 1895 [Basel] Nomina Anatomica to the 1998 Terminologia Anatomica. We then compare existing clinical terminology with official terminology endorsed by anatomists over the years with a goal to modernize official terminology. Problematic terms, namely, lobes and lobuli, fascia versus capsule, Denonvilliers' fascia, and transition versus periurethral zone, are addressed. The idea of recognizing prostate arteries, veins, nerves, and neurovascular bundles is introduced. Prostatic and membranous urethras and the closely related external urethral sphincter are covered. We believe urogenital hiatus should also be called anterior levator hiatus. Trapezoid zone should be discarded in future editions of nomenclature. Our recommended changes are supported by a series of pertinent photographs of gross and whole mount histologic specimens and magnetic resonance images. Finally, we provide a new table of terms for the prostate with recommended amendments and deletions to existing official nomenclature as contained in the 1998 Terminologia Anatomica. Clin. Anat. 23:18–29, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
John Browne (1642–1702): Anatomist and plagiarist
Authors: Loukas Marios , Akiyama Matthew , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Yalçin Bulent , Tubbs R. Shane , Cohen‐Gadol Aaron A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn contrast to many other physicians of his age, John Browne (1642–1702), an English anatomist and surgeon, managed to strike a balance in his career that spanned relative obscurity, prestige, and notoriety. Among his more prestigious credits, Browne was Surgeon in Ordinary to King Charles II and William III. He also had numerous publications to his name, some of which are credited as great innovations. His career, however, was tempered by his most important book, which has been critiqued by his contemporaries as well as modern historians as plagiarism. Although Browne undeniably copied the works of others and published them under his name, he was not alone in this practice. Various forms of intellectual thievery were common in Browne's day, and there were many perpetrators. The life of this overlooked figure in the history of anatomy and the stigma attached to him will be examined. Clin. Anat. 23:1–7, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medical students' approaches to learning anatomy: Students' experiences and relations to the learning environment
Authors: Smith Claire F. , Mathias Haydn S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTo examine students' perceptions and experiences of learning anatomy, an on‐line Likert‐style questionnaire was administered during 2006 to students reading a Bachelor of Medicine 4‐ and 5‐year program (n = 256, 23.8%). Statistical analysis found that students predominantly felt that understanding anatomy and working with human cadaveric material were very important in becoming a doctor. Students reported that working on cadaveric specimens was an effective way of learning anatomy, and also found the amount of anatomy they needed to learn to be daunting. Student responses were correlated with their approaches to learning [Approaches to Studying Inventory for Students (ASSIST)] scores using a Kruskal Wallis test. Significant relationships between the approach to learning anatomy adopted and students' perception and experience of anatomy were found. A deep approach to learning anatomy correlated with students who reported that the most effective way of learning anatomy in the dissecting room was to get their hands in and feel for structures, who used anatomical terms and language at clinical opportunities, and who frequently used their anatomy‐radiology knowledge in clinical situations. A surface approach to learning anatomy was associated with elements, such as students finding anatomy learning daunting and not seeing the point to it. The outcomes provide clear associations between students' perception of the anatomy learning environment, the approach to learning adopted, and the anatomy activities in which students engage. The findings highlight that understanding and applying anatomical knowledge are best accomplished by the adoption of a deep approach to learning. Clin. Anat. 23:101–103, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of mechanical left ventricular unloading by impella on left ventricular dynamics in high‐risk and primary percutaneous coronary intervention patients
Authors: Remmelink Maurice , Sjauw Krischan D. , Henriques José P.S. , de Winter Robbert J. , Vis Marije M. , Koch Karel T. , Paulus Walter J. , de Mol Bas A.J.M. , Tijssen Jan G.P. , Piek Jan J. , Baan Jan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectives: We studied online left ventricular (LV) dynamic effects of mechanical LV unloading directly after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: Limited clinical information is available on the direct LV dynamic consequences of LV unloading in patients undergoing high‐risk PCI and primary PCI for acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction. Methods: The effects of the Impella LP2.5 device on LV dynamics were studied in 11 patients (elective high‐risk PCI, n = 6; primary PCI, n = 5). LV pressure and volume were continuously assessed by a pressure‐conductance catheter at 4 different support levels of the Impella, from 0 L/min at baseline to 2.5 L/min at maximal support. Results: The response to increased LV unloading was not different between both groups of patients. The pooled data showed no change on global and systolic LV function during increased LV unloading, while diastolic function showed improvement as indicated by an increased LV compliance in all patients. There was a decrease in end‐diastolic pressure from 22 ± 12 to 13 ± 9 mm Hg (P = 0.0001), in end‐diastolic elastance from 0.134 ± 0.060 to 0.091 ± 0.064 mm Hg/mL (P = 0.009), and in end‐diastolic wall stress from 84 ± 50 to 47 ± 39 mm Hg (P = 0.004). Conclusions: LV unloading decreases end‐diastolic wall stress and improves diastolic compliance dose‐dependently. Our results indicate beneficial LV unloading effects of Impella during high‐risk and primary PCI. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficiency of a Gas‐Liquid Contactor for the Oxygenation of Activated Sludge: Assessment of Mass Transfer Coefficient
Authors: Almoustafa F. , Benadda B. , Buffière P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe aim of this work is to investigate a co‐current air‐liquid downward flow bubble column with air entrainment by liquid injection nozzle in order to use it as an aerator in activated sludge treatment plants. The study concerns the determination of mass transfer efficiency by measuring the mass transfer coefficient, kLa, both in clean water and in activated sludge. In clean water, this parameter is determined by three methods, i.e., gassing out method, absorption with chemical reaction and off‐gas method. In activated sludge medium, kLa values are measured by two methods, i.e., sludge reoxygenation and the hydrogen‐peroxide method. The values of kLa obtained in clean water are compared to those obtained in sludge, enabling the assessment of the α factor, i.e., ratio of oxygen transfer coefficient sludge/clean water. The results are in good agreement with those reported previously in the literature.
Mindfulness and the mindful therapist: possible contributions to hypnosis
Authors: Harrer Michael E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMindfulness, an old Buddhist practice, has gained an importance in psychotherapy such as in Hakomi, cognitive therapy or in ‘Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction’.Mindfulness is described as being composed of four essential components: (1) attention, concentration, meta‐awareness, (2) the internal observer and disidentification, (3) attention to the present moment and beginner's mind, (4) acceptance, equanimity and nonjudging. Hypnosis and mindfulness relate to each other in a complementary way in many dimensions and create spectrums between: (1) absorption – open awareness, (2) dissociation – disidentification, (3) suggestibility – consensus consciousness – awakening, (4) goal‐ and change‐orientation – exploration – equanimity and acceptance, (5) lack of consciousness – hidden observer – internal observer, (6) regression – progression – experiencing the present moment, (7) top‐down‐interventions – bottom‐up‐interventions, (8) doing‐mode – being‐mode. In hypnosis these full spectrums can be used. Moreover, in the dimension of the therapeutic relationship, a mindful therapist can be beneficial for the therapeutic process, for example to support mindfulness and the internal observer and acceptance in the client and for the creation of corrective experiences. Aspects of interpersonal neurobiology of mindfulness and difficulties in making a comparison between hypnosis and mindfulness at the neurophysiological level are discussed. Copyright © 2009 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photo‐acoustic stimulation: theoretical background and ten years of clinical experience
Authors: Fábián Tibor Károly , Kovács Krisztina J. , Gótai Laura , Beck Anita , Krause Wolf‐Rainer , Fejérdy Pál 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLight and sound effects have frequently been used for the induction of altered states of consciousness. Turning on and off light or sound leads to short‐term excitation of the central nervous system, while longer lasting stimulation has led to drowsiness and mixed alpha‐theta activity and to bodily relaxation with increased skin resistance, decreased EMG activity and a decreased salivary cortisol level; though an increased salivary IgA level and output of the salivary chaperone Hsp70 have also been reported. At the same time a strong trance inducing ability of photic stimulation (10 min) has been demonstrated. In open clinical studies orofacial psychosomatic patients have been treated: Atypical facial pain (n = 20) recovered in 34.9 %, improvement occurred in 40.4 %, with no effect in 24.7 %. Initial psychogenic denture intolerance (n = 9) symptoms recovered in 44.4 %, improvement occurred in 33.3 %, with no effect in 22.2 %. Chronic denture intolerance (n = 14) symptoms recovered in 21.4 %, improvement occurred in 50.0 %, with no effect in 28.6 %. In hyposalivation cases (n = 4), a significant increase of salivary flow rate and protein concentration occurred in 2/4. However, randomized controlled trials that might support the application of photo‐acoustic stimulation are still lacking. Copyright © 2009 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lucid dreaming – dreams of clarity
Authors: Holzinger Brigitte 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAlthough the concept of ‘lucid dreaming’ was first coined by Frederik Willems van Eeden, a Dutch psychiatrist, and introduced at the meeting of The Society for Psychical Research held on 22 April 1913, the phenomenon of lucid dreaming was already known in earlier historical periods and its descriptions can be found in writings of Aristotle. However, modern lucid dreaming research was established only after LaBerge introduced his method for physiological investigation of lucid dreaming through eye signals in 1980. Current attempts in the field are directed at defining the neuro‐physiological correlates of lucid dreaming, an aim that still has yet to be achieved. One of the possible applications of lucid dreaming is in the field of psychotherapy where it is usually used in treating nightmares. However, other possible therapeutic potentials of lucid dreaming are still in the process of being discovered and therefore constitute a fertile area for future researchers. Copyright © 2009 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of experimental designs using neural networks
Authors: Lin Yun , Zhang Zisheng , Thibault Jules 
Published: November 2009

AbstractExperimental designs were compared using stacked‐layer feed‐forward neural networks. Several traditional three‐level designs and uniform designs were investigated using three‐factor linear and nonlinear models. The prediction error was found to be inversely proportional to the number of experiments. Uniform designs displayed better performance than traditional three‐level designs for the same number of experiments. The sum of squares of prediction errors was generally smaller for uniform designs. The performance difference between three‐level designs and uniform designs was attributed to the number of factor levels. This was confirmed by further investigation on random designs with more factor levels.