bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making the instructional curriculum as an interactive, contextualized process: case studies of seven ESOL teachers
Authors: Wette Rosemary 
Published: October 2009

This article reports on data from interpretive case studies of seven well-qualified, experienced teachers of adult ESOL, collected through weekly interviews and analysis of documents and materials produced over the duration of a whole course for each teacher. Teachers’ knowledge and experience was apparent in their ability to conceptualize and plan globally in the pre-course phase, to establish rapport and diagnose learners’ developmental priorities as soon as teaching began, and to weave a coherent instructional curriculum1 from a variety of components and dimensions of conceptual content according to the developmental needs, wishes and responses of learners, syllabus pre-specifications, constraints of the teaching context and their own personal theories of best practice. The study draws attention to a number of differences between the curriculum making practices of experienced teachers and the content of language teacher education texts with regard to pre-course planning procedures and the separation of syllabus and methodology. Dissonances were also apparent between conventional descriptions of process—product orientations and strong—weak versions of communicative language teaching on the one hand, and the blended, non-standard approaches apparent in the courses in this study. The article identifies curriculum making principles and practices that were common to a number of teachers as a contribution to practice-based disciplinary knowledge and second language teacher education literature.
Phase I/II Study of Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Localized Nasal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG0211
Authors: Yamaguchi Motoko , Tobinai Kensei , Oguchi Masahiko , Ishizuka Naoki , Kobayashi Yukio , Isobe Yasushi , Ishizawa Kenichi , Maseki Nobuo , Itoh Kuniaki , Usui Noriko , Wasada Izumi , Kinoshita Tomohiro , Ohshima Koichi , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Terauchi Takashi , Nawano Shigeru , Ishikura Satoshi , Kagami Yoshikazu , Hotta Tomomitsu , Oshimi Kazuo 
Published: October 2009

Purpose To explore a more effective treatment for localized nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, we conducted a phase I/II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Patients and Methods Treatments comprised concurrent radiotherapy (50 Gy) and 3 courses of dexamethasone, etoposide, ifosfamide, and carboplatin (DeVIC). Patients with a newly diagnosed stage IE or contiguous IIE disease with cervical node involvement and a performance status (PS) of 0 to 2 were eligible for enrollment. The primary end point of the phase II portion was a 2-year overall survival in patients treated with the recommended dose. Results Of the 33 patients enrolled, 10 patients were enrolled in the phase I portion and a two thirds dose of DeVIC was established as the recommended dose. Twenty-seven patients (range, 21 to 68; median, 56 years) treated with the recommended dose showed the following clinical features: male:female, 17:10; stage IE, 18; stage IIE, 9; B symptoms present, 10; elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase, 5; and PS 2, 2. With a median follow-up of 32 months, the 2-year overall survival was 78% (95% CI, 57% to 89%). This compared favorably with the historical control of radiotherapy alone (45%). Of the 26 patients assessable for a response, 20 (77%) achieved a complete response, with one partial response. The overall response rate was 81%. The most common grade 3 nonhematologic toxicity was mucositis related to radiation (30%). No treatment-related deaths were observed. Conclusion Concurrent chemoradiotherapy using multidrug resistance-nonrelated agents and etoposide is a safe and effective treatment for localized nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma and warrants further investigation.
Hydrothermal-reduction Synthesis of Ni Nanoparticles by Superrapid Heating Using a Micromixer
Authors: Sue Kiwamu , Suzuki Akira , Hakuta Yukiya , Hayashi Hiromichi , Arai Kunio , Takebayashi Yoshihiro , Yoda Satoshi , Furuya Takeshi 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Single-phase, high-crystalline, and single-crystalline Ni nanoparticles under 20 nm were continuously prepared through hydrothermal reduction by superrapid heating of Ni(HCOO)2 solution using a micromixer in a homogeneous mixture field of H2O and H2 at 673 K and 30 MPa over 0.5 s.
Why is Indigo Photostable over Extremely Long Periods?
Authors: Iwakura Izumi , Yabushita Atushi , Kobayashi Takayoshi 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This experimental work clarifies the mechanism for the ultra-photostability of indigo carmine by direct observation of a transition state using a sub 5-fs laser pulse. The molecular structural changes during the photoexcited proton-transfer process were traced as the time-dependent instantaneous frequency of molecular vibrations. The mono-alcohol intermediate generated by proton transfer via stepwise path was found to be unstable, and it immediately reverted to indigo carmine. This regression to the reactant is the reason for the ultraphotostability of indigo over extremely long periods.
Preparations of Triangular Gold Nanoplates by Chemical and Photoreduction Methods
Authors: Takezaki Makoto , Kida Ryosuke , Kato Yuya , Tominaga Toshihiro 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Triangular gold nanoplates were prepared both by chemical and photoreduction methods. Uniformly sized nanoplates were obtained and their extinction spectra agree with those calculated by discrete dipole approximation with aspect ratios obtained by a transmission electron microscope.
Unique Coordination Mode of Potassium Ions to Glycyrrhizin: X-ray Crystal Structure of Glycyrrhizin Dipotassium Salt
Authors: In Yasuko , Uchida Masaru , Watanabe Masamichi , Aimi Norio , Ishida Toshimasa 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The coordination of six potassium ions to glycyrrhizin (1) is shown in a crystal: two crystallographically independent (K1 and K2) and four symmetry-translated potassium ions coordinate to the oxygen atoms of the sugar-linkage moiety, and the K1 and K2 ions form seven and six coordination bonds with the neighboring oxygen atoms, respectively. Although three carboxyl groups of 1 are in an anionic state, two of the glycosides participate in the coordination bonds with the potassium ions.
New Lecithin Organogels with Sugars of RNA and DNA
Authors: Hashizaki Kaname , Taguchi Hiroyuki , Saito Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
We report a new method for forming lecithin organogels that consist of reverse worm-like micelles. This method utilizes trace amounts of d-ribose or 2-deoxy-d-ribose in combination with lecithin and a nonpolar organic solvent.
Ion Transport across a Bilayer Lipid Membrane in the Presence of Hydrophobic Ions
Authors: Shirai Osamu , Ozaki Shunsuke , Onishi Jun , Kozai Naofumi , Ohnuki Toshihiko , Kano Kenji 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Potential-controlled electrolysis was performed between two aqueous phases containing 0.1 M NaCl across a bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) in the presence of dipicrylaminate (DPA−). By use of radioisotope (22Na), it has been confirmed that Na+ is transported mainly and that DPA− serves as a carrier of Na+ transport.
Synthesis and Carrier Transport Properties of Triarylamine-based Amorphous Polymers for Organic Field-effect Transistors
Authors: Yasuda Takeshi , Suzuki Takao , Takahashi Mitsuru , Tsutsui Tetsuo 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Twenty-three kinds of triarylamine-based polymers, which are a new class of p-type semiconducting materials for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), were synthesized by Pd-catalyzed amination of the corresponding aryldihalide and arylamine. All triarylamine-based polymers in this study exhibited p-channel behavior in OFETs, and field-effect hole mobilities ranged from 10−6 to 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Fluorescent Two-photon Absorption Benzothiadiazole Dyes Having Photoreleasing Quenchers
Authors: Ishi-i Tsutomu , Nakamura Nami , Mine Tomonori , Imamura Satoru , Shigeiwa Motoyuki , Gorohmaru Hideki , Maeda Shuuichi 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Fluorescent two-photon absorption benzothiadiazole dye 5 provides significant fluorescence quenching by introducing nitrobenzene quencher moieties. The florescence intensity is recovered by photoreleasing of the quencher moieties upon irradiation.
Enhanced Faraday Effect in Magnetic Opal of Spherical Silica Particles
Authors: Sogoshi Norihito , Kobayashi Kazushi , Kosaka Masashi , Katano Susumu , Nakabayashi Seiichiro 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The Faraday effect of magnetic opal films is studied at the visible wavelength slightly detuned from the Bragg diffraction wavelength. At this wavelength, we can expect the reduced group velocity of light and the enhancement of the Faraday rotation. The magnetic opal was self-assembled from a suspension of magnetic-core/silica-shell spherical particles onto glass substrates using vertical deposition. Despite of the structural disorder in the thick opal film, the optical rotation was enhanced 70 times over that of the structure less bulk at 10 T. The thin film with the highest structural quality shows an enhancement factor of 175. Thus, structure-induced enhancement was explicitly demonstrated.
Design and Synthesis of Thalidomide–Deoxyribonucleoside Chimeras
Authors: Suzuki Shigeru , Yamamoto Takeshi , Tokunaga Etsuko , Nakamura Shuichi , Tanaka Motohiro , Sasaki Takuma , Shibata Norio 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Novel thalidomide–deoxyribonucleoside chimeras have been synthesized as potentially safe, thalidomide-based antitumour agents.
A Chemically Amplified, Negative-type Photosensitive Poly(phenylene ether ketone) (PEK) Resist Based on Ketal-protected PEK and a Photoacid Generator
Authors: Saito Yuta , Matsumoto Kazuya , Higashihara Tomoya , Ueda Mitsuru 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
A novel chemically amplified photosensitive poly(phenylene ether ketone) (PEK) based on ketal-protected PEK as a precursor polymer and diphenylidonium 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate (DIAS) as a PAG has been developed to remedy warpage of thinner silicon wafers. This resist does not require high thermal treatment after development. The 8-μm negative pattern was obtained on 1.5-μm thick film consisting of ketal-protected PEK (90 wt %) and DIAS (10 wt %).
Comparing Interval Breast Cancer Rates in Norway and North Carolina: Results and Challenges
Authors: Hofvind Solveig , Yankaskas Bonnie C , Bulliard Jean-Luc , Klabunde Carrie N , Fracheboud Jacques 
Published: October 2009

ObjectiveTo compare interval breast cancer rates (ICR) between a biennial organized screening programme in Norway and annual opportunistic screening in North Carolina (NC) for different conceptualizations of interval cancer.SettingTwo regions with different screening practices and performance.Methods620,145 subsequent screens (1996–2002) performed in women aged 50–69 and 1280 interval cancers were analysed. Various definitions and quantification methods for interval cancers were compared.ResultsICR for one year follow-up were lower in Norway compared with NC both when the rate was based on all screens (0.54 versus 1.29 per 1000 screens), negative final assessments (0.54 versus 1.29 per 1000 screens), and negative screening assessments (0.53 versus 1.28 per 1000 screens). The rate of ductal carcinoma in situ was significantly lower in Norway than in NC for cases diagnosed in both the first and second year after screening. The distributions of histopathological tumour size and lymph node involvement in invasive cases did not differ between the two regions for interval cancers diagnosed during the first year after screening. In contrast, in the second year after screening, tumour characteristics remained stable in Norway but became prognostically more favorable in NC.ConclusionEven when applying a common set of definitions of interval cancer, the ICR was lower in Norway than in NC. Different definitions of interval cancer did not influence the ICR within Norway or NC. Organization of screening and screening performance might be major contributors to the differences in ICR between Norway and NC.
Carotid Ultrasound Screening for Coronary Heart Disease: Results Based on a meta-analysis of 18 Studies and 44,861 Subjects
Authors: Wald David S , Bestwick Jonathan P 
Published: October 2009

Background Carotid artery ultrasound is a possible screening test for future coronary heart disease (CHD) events to select individuals for preventive treatment. Objectives To assess the screening performance of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid plaque in the identification of individuals with CHD. Methods meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies, reporting carotid IMT or plaque in individuals with and without CHD. Screening performance (detection rates [DRs] for specified false-positive rates [FPRs]) was assessed from the relative Gaussian distributions of IMT among individuals with and without CHD and from the proportion of affected and unaffected individuals with plaque. Results Eighteen studies, involving 2920 individuals with CHD (mean age range 46–73 years) and 41,941 without (aged 44–73 years) were included in the meta-analysis. For plaque the DR was 62% for an FPR of 30%; likelihood ratio (2.1 [95% CI 1.6–2.4]). For IMT, the DR was 65% for the same 30% FPR (IMT cut-off ≥0.82 mm); likelihood ratio 2.2 (1.9–2.5). The results were similar in case-control and cohort studies. Conclusion Neither carotid plaque nor IMT has a CHD screening performance that is sufficiently discriminatory between affected and unaffected individuals to be a worthwhile screening test.
Combining Carotid Intima-media Thickness with Carotid Plaque on Screening for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Wald David S , Bestwick Jonathan P , Morton Geraint , Drummond Linda , Jenkins Nick , Khodabakhsh Pouran , Curzen Nick P 
Published: October 2009

Background Ultrasound-detected carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid plaque are possible screening tests for coronary heart disease (CHD) among asymptomatic individuals. Objective To assess the increase in screening performance of combining carotid IMT and plaque compared with each measurement alone in the identification of individuals with CHD. Methods Ultrasound examination of left and right carotid arteries was performed on 100 individuals (median age 57), 55 with a history of CHD (unstable angina or myocardial infarction) and 45 without. IMT measurements were taken from the common carotid artery and plaque was identified above, at and below the carotid bifurcation. Associations between IMT and plaque were determined using logistic regression, and screening performance was assessed from the distributions of IMT and plaque among cases and controls. Results At a false-positive rate of 5%, IMT (cut-off >0.75 mm) identified 30% (95% CI 14–58) of affected individuals. There was an increase in the detection rate of 8 percentage points (1–33%) using IMT and plaque combined compared with IMT alone. As the false-positive increased, the difference in the detection rate increased, up to a maximum of 20 percentage points (5–38%) at a false-positive rate of 20%. The comparison of IMT and plaque combined with plaque alone could only be estimated for the false-positive rate observed using plaque alone (18%); at this point the detection rate was 72% for plaque and 75% for plaque and IMT combined, an increase of 3 percentage points (0–4%). Conclusion In screening for CHD, combining carotid IMT measurement with plaque assessment is better than using either measurement alone, but the improvement in discrimination is not sufficient to make carotid ultrasound screening for CHD worthwhile.
The Psychological Impact of Being Offered Surveillance Colonoscopy following Attendance at Colorectal Screening Using Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
Authors: Miles Anne , Atkin Wendy S , Kralj-Hans Ines , Wardle Jane 
Published: October 2009

Objectives To examine the psychological impact of being assigned to colonoscopic surveillance following detection of adenomatous polyps at flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening. Setting Participants invited for screening in 12 of the 14 study centres in the UK FS Trial. Methods A postal survey following FS screening assessed bowel cancer worry, psychological distress, generalized anxiety, bowel symptoms, general practitioner (GP) visits, positive emotional consequences of screening, and reassurance among people with no polyps ( n = 26,573), lower-risk polyps removed at FS ( n = 7401) and higher-risk polyps who underwent colonoscopy and were either assigned to colonoscopic surveillance ( n = 1543) or discharged ( n = 183). A sub-sample ( n = 6389) also completed a questionnaire prior to screening attendance that measured bowel cancer worry, generalized anxiety, bowel symptoms and GP visits, making it possible to examine longitudinal changes in this group. Results People offered surveillance reported lower psychological distress and anxiety than those with either no polyps or lower-risk polyps. The surveillance group also reported more positive emotional benefits of screening than the other outcome groups. Post-screening bowel cancer worry and bowel symptoms were higher in people assigned to surveillance, but both declined over time, reaching levels observed in either one or both of the other two groups found to have polyps, suggesting these results were a consequence of polyp detection rather than surveillance per se. Few differences were observed between the group assigned surveillance and the group discharged following colonoscopy. Conclusion The results of the current study are broadly reassuring and indicate that referral for colonoscopic surveillance is not associated with adverse psychological consequences.
Ductus Venosus Pulsatility Index as an Antenatal Screening Marker for Down'S Syndrome: Use with the Combined and Integrated Tests
Authors: Borrell A , Borobio V , Bestwick J P , Wald N J 
Published: October 2009

Objectives To assess the value of ductus venosus blood flow (expressed as pulsatility index, DVPI) in antenatal Down's syndrome screening when used with the Combined and Integrated tests. Methods DVPI measurements between 10 and 13 weeks’ gestation in 66 Down's syndrome and 7184 unaffected pregnancies were collected from women attending the Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, for antenatal care from 1999 to 2007 and combined with the Serum Urine and Ultrasound Screening Study (SURUSS) data to model screening performance, safety and cost-effectiveness of the screening tests with and without DVPI. Results The median DVPI multiple of the normal median in Down's syndrome pregnancies was 1.55 (95% CI 1.36–1.73). As a single screening marker without using maternal age, DVPI has a 62% detection rate for a 5% false-positive rate. At a 90% detection rate (first trimester measurements at 11 weeks’ gestation) the addition of DVPI reduced the false-positive rate of the Combined test from 8.5% to 4.6% and the Integrated test from 2.0% to 1.1%, with a corresponding reduction in fetal losses from diagnostic procedures. There was no material loss of cost-effectiveness. Conclusion Addition of DVPI measurements to the Combined and Integrated tests substantially improves the efficacy and safety of antenatal Down's syndrome screening.
Tumour Size at Detection According to Different Measures of Mammographic Breast Density
Authors: Nickson Carolyn , Kavanagh Anne M 
Published: October 2009

Objectives Breast cancer prognosis is better for smaller tumours. Women with high breast density are at higher risk of breast cancer and have larger screen-detected and interval cancers in mammographic screening programmes. We assess which continuous measures of breast density are the strongest predictors of breast tumour size at detection and therefore the best measures to identify women who might benefit from more intensive mammographic screening or alternative screening strategies. Setting and methods We compared the association between breast density and tumour size for 1007 screen-detected and 341 interval cancers diagnosed in an Australian mammographic screening programme between 1994 and 1996, for three semi-automated continuous measures of breast density: per cent density, dense area and dense area adjusted for non-dense area. Results After adjustment for age, hormone therapy use, family history of breast cancer and mode of detection (screen-detected or interval cancers), all measures of breast density shared a similar positive and significant association with tumour size. For example, tumours increased in size with dense area from an estimated mean 2.2 mm larger in the second quintile (β = 2.2; 95% Cl 0.4–3.9, P < 0.001) to mean 6.6 mm larger in the highest decile of dense area (β = 6.6; 95% Cl 4.4–8.9, P < 0.001), when compared with first quintile of breast density. Conclusions Of the breast density measures assessed, either dense area or per cent density are suitable measures for identifying women who might benefit from more intensive mammographic screening or alternative screening strategies.
Personality Traits, Psychological Health, and the Workers' Compensation System
Authors: Wall Cindy L. , Morrissey Shirley A. , Ogloff James R.P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis study explored the influence of personality traits on injured workers' interaction with workers' compensation systems. Data were collected from 89 participant claimants (males, 41; females 48, mean age = 45 years,SD= 10.67 years) at various levels of involvement with the workers' compensation system: previous claimants (n= 39), current claimants (n= 28), and nonclaimant workers (n= 22). Significant differences in personality traits were found between these groups of compensation claimants. Current compensation claimants displayed greater emotional instability and introversion compared with those less acutely involved in the compensation system. Current claimants also experienced clinically significant levels of symptoms of depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, and reported reduced social functioning, relative to previous and nonclaimants, respectively. Overall, subtle differences were found to exist in personality and psychological health between groups of workers at different levels of involvement with the workers' compensation system.
Genetic Factors Underlie Stability of Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms
Authors: van Grootheest Daniël S. , Cath Daniëlle , Hottenga Jouke Jan , Beekman Aartjan T. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the stability of obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms has not yet been established in adult population based samples. We obtained the Young Adult Self Report Obsessive–Compulsive Subscale in mono- and dizygotic twins from the population-based Netherlands Twin Register in 1991, 1995 and 1997 and the Padua Inventory Revised Abbreviated in 2002. Stability of OC symptoms was analyzed as a function of genetic and environmental components. Heritability of OC behavior was around 40% at each time-point, independent of the instrument used. OC behavior was moderately stable with correlations ranging between r = .2 (for 11-year intervals), .4 (for 4–5 year intervals) and .6 (for 2 year intervals). Genetic correlations across time were higher, varying between .4 and .9, indicating that the stability of OC symptoms is mainly due to stable genetic factors. This study showed a moderate heritability and stability for OC behavior in adults. Genetic stability across time is high.