bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of fungicide application on Wheat Head Blight, occurrence of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin production
Authors: Baturo-Cieśniewska A. , Lukanowski A. , Kolenda M. 
Published: July 2012

Effect of fungicide application on Wheat Head Blight, occurrence of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin production
The aim of the study was to determine if azoxystrobin and metconazole used for the control of wheat FHB at half, full, and quarter more the recommended dose rate may affect in differentiated way on the occurrence of Fusarium spp. and their ability to mycotoxin production in harvested grain, in wheat ears artificially inoculated with two DON-producing isolates of F. culmorum. Macroscopic evaluation showed high incidence of fusariosis. Plant health in the plots where the heads were artificially inoculated and fungicide was not applied was similar to the protected ones. Only increasing the dose metconazole resulted in a stronger reduction of fusariosis. The advantageous effect of azoxystrobin was not observed. Mycological analysis of harvested grain showed the presence of a number of F. culmorum, but from samples sprayed with metconazole it was isolated in smaller quantities. Also F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. poae and F. tricinctum were isolated. Molecular analysis showed the presence of F. culmorum in all samples of harvested grain. Also genes from Tri cluster were identified, involved in the synthesis of type-A and type-B trichothecenes - especially DON and 3Ac-DON. Chromatography revealed the presence of small quantities of mycotoxins. In all samples DON and 3Ac-DON were predominant. In general, F. culmorum isolate, which caused weaker symptoms of FHB and was less numerously isolated from grain that the other one, produced smaller amounts of mycotoxins. Samples protected with azoxystrobin contain the largest quantities of DON. Effect of different doses of fungicides on the number of mycotoxins was not clearly established.
Impact of agronomy on HT-2 and T-2 toxin content of oats
Authors: Edwards Simon , Anderson Eric 
Published: July 2012

Impact of agronomy on HT-2 and T-2 toxin content of oats
Surveys of oats in the UK and Nordic countries have identified high concentrations of HT-2 and T-2 can occur in unprocessed oats. HT-2 and T-2 are two closely related type A trichothecenes and two of the most toxic fusarium mycotoxins. There is currently no legislation on HT-2 and T-2, however, there is a discussion limit of 500 μg kg-1 in unprocessed oats. A previous survey identified that variety, previous crop, cultivation, fungicide use and some other factor(s) within organic oat production, which was not within the model, were all significant agronomic factors in the determination of HT-2 and T-2 concentrations of UK oats. Possible agronomy within conventional compared to organic agriculture would include the use of inorganic fertilisers and plant growth regulators (PGR). Oats harvested from two series of agronomic field experiments were analysed for the combined concentration of HT-2 and T-2 (HT2+T2) using ELISA. Experiments were repeated for both winter and spring varieties over two years. The first experiments were of a factorial design with three varieties, three nitrogen rates and plus/minus a PGR (chlormequat). The second series had twelve fungicide regimes. The results identified that there were no significant differences in HT-2+T-2 between samples from oat plots that received different rates of inorganic nitrogen, a PGR, or a range of different fungicide regimes. There was however a significant difference between varieties for both winter and spring variety experiments.
Computation of initial conditions and inputs for given outputs of fractional and positive discrete-time linear systems
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz 
Published: July 2012

Computation of initial conditions and inputs for given outputs of fractional and positive discrete-time linear systemsThe problem of computation of initial conditions and inputs for given outputs of fractional standard and positive discrete-time linear systems is formulated and solved. Necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of solution to the problem are established. It is shown that there exist the unique solutions to the problem only if the pair (A, C) of the system is observable.
Regular design equations for the discrete reduced-order Kalman filter
Authors: Hippe Peter 
Published: July 2012

Regular design equations for the discrete reduced-order Kalman filter
In the presence of white Gaussian noises at the input and the output of a system Kalman filters provide a minimum-variance state estimate. When part of the measurements can be regarded as noise-free, the order of the filter is reduced. The filter design can be carried out both in the time domain and in the frequency domain. In the case of full-order filters all measurements are corrupted by noise and therefore the design equations are regular. In the presence of noise-free measurements, however, they are not regular so that standard software cannot readily be applied in a time-domain design. In the frequency domain the spectral factorization of the non-regular polynomial matrix equation causes no problems. However, the known proof of optimality of the factorization result requires a regular measurement covariance matrix. This paper presents regular (reduced-order) design equations for the reduced-order discrete-time Kalman filter in the time and in the frequency domains so that standard software is applicable. They also allow to formulate the conditions for the stability of the filter and to prove the optimality of the existing solutions.
Comparison of two controllers for directional control of a hybrid electric vehicle
Authors: Dash Basanta , Subudhi Bidyadhar 
Published: July 2012

Comparison of two controllers for directional control of a hybrid electric vehicleDirectional response of a vehicle implies changing its direction when sustaining lateral acceleration while moving on the road. From this response, the vehicle's explicit capabilities as well as its contribution to the system performance of the driver/vehicle combination are obtained. In vehicle control literature, handling is often used interchangeably with cornering, turning, or directional response. This paper focuses one aspect of the handling i.e. directional response. Two different controllers, namely a PID controller and a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) are designed in this paper to control the vehicle's steering in a smooth lane change maneuver. The performances of the aforesaid two controllers have been studied extensively in this paper. For achieving an improved path tracking and directional response, parameters of both the PID and FLC have been tuned and their performances have been compared. Further, the effect of changing the scale factors in the fuzzy logic approach to obtaining directional response is presented. To validate the above two control performances, a nonlinear simulation model of a HEV is developed and is used in simulation studies. Both the controllers track the desired directional signal efficiently. Both PID and Fuzzy controllers provide competitive performances. Although with the assumption of all parameters of the vehicle available PID controller exhibits slightly better dynamic performance but in the real-world scenario the fuzzy controller is preferred due to its robustness i.e. it does not depend on the parameters of the vehicle.
LMI based control design for linear systems with distributed time delays
Authors: Filasová Anna , Gontkovič Daniel , Krokavec Dušan 
Published: July 2012

LMI based control design for linear systems with distributed time delaysThe paper concerns the problem of stabilization of continuous-time linear systems with distributed time delays. Using extended form of the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional candidate, the controller design conditions are derived and formulated with respect to the incidence of structured matrix variables in the linear matrix inequality formulation. The result give sufficient condition for stabilization of the system with distributed time delays. It is illustrated with a numerical example to note reduced conservatism in the system structure.
Neuro-fuzzy control design of processes in chemical technologies
Authors: Blahová Lenka , Dvoran Ján , Kmeťová Jana 
Published: July 2012

Neuro-fuzzy control design of processes in chemical technologies
The paper presents design of neuro-fuzzy control and its application in chemical technologies. Our approach to neuro-fuzzy control is a combination of the neural predictive controller and the neuro-fuzzy controller (Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System - ANFIS). These controllers work in parallel. The output of ANFIS adjusts the output of the neural predictive controller to enhance the control performance. Such design of an intelligent control system is applied to control of the continuous stirred tank reactor and laboratory mixing process.
Implementation of a high-accuracy spatial network for measurements of steel constructions
Authors: Štroner Martin , Urban Rudolf , Braun Jaroslav 
Published: July 2012

Implementation of a high-accuracy spatial network for measurements of steel constructionsThe paper deals with a project for the measurement and evaluation of a unique local spatial network with a high degree of accuracy at the MCE Slaný Company. The accuracy requirements were very high; the standard deviation in measuring the components of a steel construction before its final assembly is about ones of millimeters.
Pooling of low flow regimes using cluster and principal component analysis
Authors: Števková Andrea , Sabo Miroslav , Kohnová Silvia 
Published: July 2012

Pooling of low flow regimes using cluster and principal component analysisThis article deals with the regionalization of low flow regimes lower than Q95 in Slovakia. For the regionalization of 219 small and medium-sized catchments, we used a catchment area running from 4 to 500 km2 and observation periods longer than 20 years. The relative frequency of low flows lower than Q95 was calculated. For the regionalization, the nonhierarchical clustering K-means method was applied. The Silhouette coefficient was used to determine the right number of clusters. The principal components were found from the pooling variables on the principal components. The K-means clustering method was applied. Next, we compared the differences between the two methods of pooling data into regional types. The results were compared using an association coefficient.
Factors Associated With Physical Therapy Services Received for Individuals With Cerebral Palsy in an Outpatient Pediatric Medical Setting
Authors: Bailes Amy F. , Succop Paul 
Published: July 2012

Background
Limited information is available regarding physical therapy use for individuals with cerebral palsy (CP).

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, age, race, sex, and type of insurance with the total physical therapy units received over a 1-year period for individuals with CP in this outpatient pediatric medical setting.

Design
This was a cross-sectional study.

Methods
Four hundred twenty-five individuals with CP (GMFCS level I, 36%; level II, 15%; level III, 13%; level IV, 19%; and level V, 17%) were identified retrospectively through their electronic medical records. A one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) was performed for each explanatory variable followed by a multiway ANOVA that adjusted for other variables to find the best model to explain total physical therapy units received.

Results
A significant difference in total therapy units received was found among GMFCS levels (F=6.91; df=4,420; P&lt;.001), age groups (F=4.76; df=3,421; P=.028), and type of insurance (F=8.09; df=2,422; P=.004). No significant difference in physical therapy received was found for the factors of sex and race. The final multifactorial model indicates a significant main effect of insurance and a GMFCS by age interaction accounting for 19% of the variability (F=4.45; df=21,403; P&lt;.001).

Limitations
This study is cross-sectional and examines physical therapy services received in a pediatric medical setting in 1 geographic region of the United States.

Conclusions
The results of this study provide insight into how therapy received varies for individuals with CP. Future studies should evaluate additional variables that may affect physical therapy services received.
Exercise for People in Early- or Mid-Stage Parkinson Disease: A 16-Month Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Schenkman Margaret , Hall Deborah A. , Barón Anna E. , Schwartz Robert S. , Mettler Pamela , Kohrt Wendy M. 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundExercise confers short-term benefits for individuals with Parkinson disease (PD).ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to compare short- and long-term responses among 2 supervised exercise programs and a home-based control exercise program.DesignThe 16-month randomized controlled exercise intervention investigated 3 exercise approaches: flexibility/balance/function exercise (FBF), supervised aerobic exercise (AE), and home-based exercise (control).SettingThis study was conducted in outpatient clinics.PatientsThe participants were 121 individuals with PD (Hoehn & Yahr stages 1–3).InterventionsThe FBF program (individualized spinal and extremity flexibility exercises followed by group balance/functional training) was supervised by a physical therapist. The AE program (using a treadmill, bike, or elliptical trainer) was supervised by an exercise trainer. Supervision was provided 3 days per week for 4 months, and then monthly (16 months total). The control group participants exercised at home using the National Parkinson Foundation Fitness Counts program, with 1 supervised, clinic-based group session per month.MeasurementsOutcomes, obtained by blinded assessors, were determined at 4, 10, and 16 months. The primary outcome measures were overall physical function (Continuous Scale—Physical Functional Performance [CS-PFP]), balance (Functional Reach Test [FRT]), and walking economy (oxygen uptake [mL/kg/min]). Secondary outcome measures were symptom severity (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS] activities of daily living [ADL] and motor subscales) and quality of life (39-item Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Scale [PDQ-39]).ResultsOf the 121 participants, 86.8%, 82.6%, and 79.3% completed 4, 10, and 16 months, respectively, of the intervention. At 4 months, improvement in CS-PFP scores was greater in the FBF group than in the control group (mean difference=4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.2 to 7.3) and the AE group (mean difference=3.1, 95% CI=0.0 to 6.2). Balance was not different among groups at any time point. Walking economy improved in the AE group compared with the FBF group at 4 months (mean difference=−1.2, 95% CI=−1.9 to −0.5), 10 months (mean difference=−1.2, 95% CI=−1.9 to −0.5), and 16 months (mean difference=−1.7, 95% CI=−2.5 to −1.0). The only secondary outcome that showed significant differences was UPDRS ADL subscale scores: the FBF group performed better than the control group at 4 months (mean difference=−1.47, 95% CI=−2.79 to −0.15) and 16 months (mean difference=−1.95, 95% CI=−3.84 to −0.08).LimitationsAbsence of a non-exercise control group was a limitation of the study.ConclusionsFindings demonstrated overall functional benefits at 4 months in the FBF group and improved walking economy (up to 16 months) in the AE group.
Identification of high-risk carotid artery stenosis: motion of intraplaque contents detected using B-mode ultrasonography
Authors: Kashiwazaki Daina , Yoshimoto Tetsuyuki , Mikami Taisei , Muraki Mutsuko , Fujimoto Shin , Abiko Kagari , Kaneko Sadao 
Published: July 2012

Object
Identification of the risk of rupture and vulnerability of arterial plaque is not yet clearly understood. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical features of the motion of intraplaque contents (MIC) detected by B-mode ultrasonography. The MIC is characterized by the peculiar movement of the intraplaque contents that is not synchronized with the heartbeat; however, the movement of the carotid artery (CA) wall depends on the heartbeat.

Methods
From January 2008 to November 2010, 1798 consecutive patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or acute ischemic stroke underwent CA ultrasonography for the examination of the MIC. Patients with CA stenosis greater than 50% were followed up until they underwent carotid endarterectomy or CA angioplasty and stent placement. If neither of these procedures were used, the patients were followed up at 90 days. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were performed to compare the categorical and continuous demographic data and risk factors. The effect of the MIC on the rate of recurrent cerebral ischemia was examined using Kaplan-Meier and univariate Cox regression analyses.

Results
One hundred and fifteen patients had CA stenosis greater than 50%. Among these 115 patients, 58 with a total of 59 CA stenoses had MIC. Twenty-four recurrent ischemic events were associated with MIC, whereas only 6 such events occurred in the absence of MIC. The MIC decreased event-free survival (log-rank test = 15.8, p < 0.001); univariate Cox analysis confirmed that MIC increased the risk of a recurrent ischemic event (HR 5.12, 95% CI 2.08–12.58; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The MIC is one of the findings of vulnerable plaques. The MIC is more useful in predicting the recurrence of TIAs or ischemic events in patients with symptomatic CA stenosis.
Bifrontal encephalogaleosynangiosis for children with moyamoya disease
Authors: Ogiwara Hideki , Morota Nobuhito 
Published: July 2012

Object
Several operative techniques have been reported to increase the cerebral blood flow (CBF) of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory in patients with moyamoya disease. However, the optimal procedure has not yet been determined. This study compared the efficacy of performing bifrontal encephalogaleosynangiosis (EGS) using a craniotomy with performing EGS using bur holes.

Methods
The authors retrospectively analyzed surgical results of pediatric patients with moyamoya disease treated using encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) and bifrontal EGS with a craniotomy, or EGS with bur holes, for the purpose of improving the ischemia of the ACA territory. Patients' demographic data, clinical presentations, surgical therapies, and clinical outcomes were reviewed.

Results
Nine patients underwent EDAS with bifrontal EGS using a craniotomy. Three patients underwent EDAS with EGS using bur holes for 5 cerebral hemispheres (1 bur hole in 2 hemispheres, 2 bur holes in 2 hemispheres, and 3 bur holes in 1 hemisphere). The mean follow-up period was 46.8 months (range 7–96 months). Preoperative symptoms improved in all patients in each group. The collateral circulation in the ACA territory made by EGS was divided into 3 groups according to postoperative angiography results: Group A (revascularization of more than two-thirds of the ACA territory), Group B (revascularization between one-third and two-thirds), and Group C (revascularization less than one-third). Of 5 hemispheres treated with EGS using bur holes, 1 was evaluated as Group B and 4 as Group C. Of 18 hemispheres treated with bifrontal EGS using a craniotomy, 8 were evaluated as Group A, 7 as Group B, and 3 as Group C. The patients who underwent bifrontal EGS using a craniotomy showed significantly better revascularization than those who underwent EGS using bur holes (p = 0.0065). Cerebral blood flow in the ACA territory improved in 13 (92.9%) of 14 hemispheres in patients treated with bifrontal EGS. In contrast, only 3 (60%) of 5 hemispheres demonstrated an increase of CBF in patients treated with EGS using bur holes. A trend was demonstrated for better improvement with bifrontal EGS (p = 0.08).

Conclusions
Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis with bifrontal EGS using a craniotomy demonstrated better revascularization and improvement of CBF in the ACA territory than with EGS using bur holes. Bifrontal EGS using a craniotomy is considered to be a simple, safe, and effective surgical procedure for improvement of the ischemia of the ACA territory in pediatric patients with moyamoya disease.
Donner le care
Authors: Pulcini Elena 
Published: July 2012

L’identification entre le care et les femmes est si profondément ancrée dans notre imaginaire qu’elle s’impose à la conscience, malgré les transformations radicales qui ont investi le sujet féminin au cours des dernières décennies : le care est ce que donnent les femmes. Cette affirmation peut être acceptée à deux conditions : la première est que le care soit réhabilitée en la dénuant des aspects oblatifs et d’abnégation qui ont toujours été associés au féminin. À ce propos, en s’inspirant à la réflexion de Gilligan et des théoriciennes du care qui proposent la valorisation de la différence féminine, on pourrait dire que la réhabilitation du care implique de penser un sujet en relation , qui permette de dépasser la dichotomie entre la priorité du Moi et la priorité d’autrui , puisqu’il conjugue (comme le don) autonomie et dépendance, liberté et vulnérabilité. La deuxième condition est de soustraire le care à la dimension limitée du privé pour l’étendre au sujet masculin, à l’espace public et aussi à la dimension globale ; ce qui implique de s’interroger sur les motivations et les sources émotives qui président au care (la passion pour autrui ). Sur cette base, on peut supposer que les femmes seront capables de transformer leur condition traditionnelle d’ assujetties au care (et au don) en agissant activement et volontairement en tant que sujets de care (et de don).
« Pourquoi tout ce qui n'est pas femme serait-il homme ? »
Authors: Le Gaufey Guy 
Published: July 2012

Il s’agit de savoir si la différence sexuelle locale – patente – suffit à opérer une bipartition globale de l’espèce humaine, dès lors qu’on ne la réduit pas à sa catégorie de mammifère supérieur. Pour peu qu’on lui reconnaisse une capacité langagière, celle-ci n’est en effet pas sans porter à conséquences dans l’ensemble des comportements sexuels. À cette fin, on étudie les contraintes logiques qui pèsent sur la proposition (inspirée de la vérité selon Tarski) : « Je suis une femme si et seulement si je suis une femme. »
Dette et (in) dépendance des femmes dans un contexte migratoire
Authors: Malsan Sylvie 
Published: July 2012

Les études généralement produites sur le phénomène de la « traite » des êtres humains donnent les femmes soit pour entières victimes, soit, inversement, pour totalement autonomes. À partir de documents ethnographiques portant sur des contextes différents de migration féminine, cet article se propose de dégager la question de la dette à laquelle sont liées les femmes étrangères victimes de trafic ou de traite qui se livrent à la prostitution. Cette dette financière mais aussi symbolique détermine une forme de servitude et/ou de dépendance dont il leur est difficile de se défaire. Notre objet est ici de comprendre comment une minorité d’entre ces femmes (ré) agissent contre un prix à payer qu’elles jugent inique et apparenté à un abus de droit qui atteint leur volonté de circuler librement hors des frontières, si ce n’est hors de leur groupe social d’appartenance.