bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La sidérurgie française de 1973 à nos jours. Dégénérescence et transformation
Authors: Mioche Philippe 
Published: July 2010

The French steel industry since 1973. Degeneration and transformation, Philippe Mioche.
The author relates the stages of the decline of the French steel industry since 1973. The fall in production and employ- ment and the closing of many industrial sites were matched by a technological and social conversion leading to the assurance that a new steel industry has a future in France.
L'histoire du temps présent dans l'enseignement secondaire des pays de la CEE
Authors: Wytteman Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2010

Contemporary history in secondary schools in the EC countries, Jean-Pierre Wytteman.
At a time when a reform of secondary school history programs is under consideration in France, given particularly the prominent place of contemporary history and the fad of a "European history", this survey of all the EC countries may be useful. It provides a measure of French exceptionalism and of its power of persuasion.
Le vote des femmes et la fin de "l'exception française"
Authors: Rudelle Odile 
Published: July 2010

The women's vote and the end of "French exceptionalism", Odile Rudelle.
The years 1946-1983 were, with respect to suffrage, a period of dynamic difference between genders. In the contexts of Liberation, decolonization, and post cold war, this difference weighed in favor of republican constitutionalism. An analysis of the four elections which registered a significant difference between men and women (1946, 1965, 1974, and 1981) shows that the female electorate may have sought the modernization of French politics rather than the narrow conservatism feared by the opponents of women's suffrage.
Aux sources du national-socialisme : les romans de Rudolf Herzog et la culture politique allemande
Authors: Jardin Pascal 
Published: July 2010

At the sources of national socialism. The novels of Rudolf Herzog and German ideology, Pascal Jardin.
Now forgotten, Rudolph Herzog was one of the most widely read novelists in the Germany of the fîrst decades of the century. The study of his work bares a whole ideological universe mixing the call to individuals to gather behind their charismatic leader and the exaltation of work, within a view of the world deeply impre- gnated with nationalism. Popular literature thus contributed to the dissemination of a culture which prepared the way for Nazism.
Le front national crée-t-il une culture politique?
Authors: Milza Pierre 
Published: July 2010

Is the National Front creating a political culture? Pierre Milza.
A mixture of neo-fascism, counter-revolutionary conservatism and national populism, the National Front ideology is too composite to create an original political culture. The strength of Lepénisme cornes from the charisma of its leader and the Front's organization as a counter-society.
Télévision et culture politique
Authors: Chambat Pierre 
Published: July 2010

Television and political culture, Pierre Chambat.
The links between television and political culture in France should be evaluated taking into account the conjunctural convergence between the expansion of television and the creation of the Fifth Republic. Television was first associated to the liquidation of the representative parliamentary tradition by a "new regime" which made abundant use of the media to reinforce the executive's direct link with the people. With alternation and the end of "French exceptionalism", preoc- cupations emerged that were more focused on the theme of political communication and public opinion democracy.
1914 dans 1940
Authors: Crémieux-Brilhac Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2010

1914 in 1940 Jean-Louis Crémieux-Brilhac.
In May 1940, the French did not recognize the war the Germans were waging. Why? Because they had remained too much attached to the patterns of the Great War and were inhibited by the prestige of the winners of 1918.
Les poètes-combattants de la grande guerre une nouvelle forme du sacré
Authors: Winter Jay M. 
Published: July 2010

Soldier-poets of the Great War: a new form of the sacred, Jay M. Winter.
From Apollinaire to Wilfred Owen, through Siegfried Sassoon and Ivor Gurney, many soldier-poets tried to transcribe their war experience into the words and forms of poetry. But a study of a few cen- tral themes, such as the memory of the dead or Old Testament sacrifices, shows that at the beginning of the 20th century it was not always easy to express the fee-ling of the sacred in the language of modernity.
Cinéma et histoire : bilan historiographique
Authors: Pithon Rémy 
Published: July 2010

Cinema and history: the historiographic record, Rémy Pithon.
Historian's interest in film is not new. But not until the early 1970s did the topic "cinema and history" begin to be approached. Despite the difficulties of a research field that was new methodologically as well as instrumentally, a great deal of work has been done over the past 20 years. It fits into three basic categories : content studies focusing on openly propaganda or ideological works or semiological studies deliberately ignoring context in favor of the "film as object"; studies that attempt to unveil underlying but significant representation of the problems of a given period. After 25 years of research, the record is far from negative. In spite of failures and dead-ends, each school has produced high quality research that has stimulated debate and deepened hypotheses.
Temps de l'histoire, temps du cinéma
Authors: Delage Christian 
Published: July 2010

Historical time and time of the cinema, Christian Delage.
The filmmaker reconstructs the past rather than reconstituting it, and thus meets the historian. The analysis of two major works by John Ford and Michael Cimino shows how the cinema historicizes a past event through the indirect agency of the narrative. In the fiction presented to the audience, the filmmaker, like the historian, faces representations inscribed in general history, while simultaneously modifying its meaning. American cinema carries on an almost ontological relation with duration and time; the question of its truthfulness presents the same methodological challenge as that driving contemporary historical research.
La place du spectateur
Authors: Bosséno Christian-Marc 
Published: July 2010

The spectator's place, Christian-Marc Bosséno
The analysis of the diffïculties encountered by studies of movie audiences in the US and in Europe shows that the myths and preconceived ideas concerning the cinema's "general public" are to be replaced by research capable of differentiating between socio-cultural categories and historicizing the concept of the spectator.
Juifs français et Allemands dans la grande guerre
Authors: Landau Philippe-Efraïm 
Published: July 2010

French and German Jews in the First World War, Philippe-Efraïm Landau.
During the First World War, most Jews in both France and Germany took up the cause of their nation. For each community, the entry intro war carried a patriotic hope. By defending their fatherland, each camp's spokesmen believed they were reinforcing their national integration, beyond the specific and religious Jewish affiliation. In both countries, the war was perceived as a just cause, in France streng-thening democracy, the emancipation of Jews and human rights, and in Germany developing Germanity, a component of Judaism. Like all citizens, on both sides of the Rhine the Jews were nationalistic and bellicose.
Face à l'immigration : mixophobie, xénophobie ou sélection. Un débat français dans l'entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Taguieff Pierre-André 
Published: July 2010

Facing immigration: mixophobia, xenophobia or selection. A French interwar debate, Pierre-André Taguieff
An analysis of the interwar debate on French immigration policy shows the differences between the tradition of xenophobic nationalism, based on the distinction between the nation and the "stranger", and the pattern of biological and eugenic racialism. The latter model, in the tradition of Vacher de Lapouge and Dr Martial, defined a policy of strongly structured racial selection, even while calling for the welcoming and protection of immigrants.
« Le pouvoir est dans la rue ». 30 Mai 1968 la « manifestation gaulliste » des Champs-Elysées
Authors: Georgi Frank 
Published: July 2010

"Power is in the streets". 30 May 1968: the "Gaullist demonstration" on the Champs-Elysées, Frank Georgi.
On May 30, 1968, the Champs-Elysées demonstration was a such a success that the crowd gathered was compared to a "sea". It was not as unanimous in its Gaullist fervor as was then said, but it did weigh decisively in the battle for legitimacy which saved Gaullist power.
La construction de la mémoire du maquis du Vercors commémoration et l'historiographie
Authors: Vergnon Gilles 
Published: July 2010

Constructing the memory of the Vercors resistance. Commemoration and historiography, Gilles Vergnon.
At the time of Liberation, the Vercors memorial consensus exalted the unity of the combatants, their heroism and their sacrifices for national liberation. The Cold War soon broke this irenic sentiment, and the drama of the Vercors plateau was instrumentalized by the French Communist Party in its fight against its Gaullist rival. After 1958, ecumenism got the upper hand again, despite some episodes, and the Vercors became a high place of Resistance memory.
À propos de la trilogie de Keith Middlemas état et société en Grande-Bretagne depuis 1940
Authors: Leruez Jacques 
Published: July 2010

A propos Keith Middlemas' trilogy: State and society in Great Britain since 1940, Jacques Leruez.
The Second World War sealed a social consensus which lasted until 1961. Based on modernization, this compromise (illustrated by the Bevin-Churchill duet) gave birth to many reforms often inspired by Keynesian dogma. After 1961, however, the will to transform the country, based on an informal triple partnership (the state, trade unions, employers) failed and concertation proved its limits. The social peace wanted by Callaghan failed in the face of trade union intransigence, enabling Margaret Thatcher to gain power (1979). Getting rid of compromise, preferring confrontation to concertation, Mrs Thatcher, although lacking a definite program, destroyed the postwar consensus. The traditional forces then declined, trade unions in particular, and new logics won (competition, profit, etc.), ruining the traditional foundations of the state (the civic mind, the celebration of public service). Power in Great Britain cannot limit itself to state decisions. Spheres of influence (employers and the City) now play a decisive part.
Phénomène national et état-nation, d'hier à aujourd'hui
Authors: Bédarida François 
Published: July 2010

The national phenomenon and nation-state : from yesterday to today.
The come-back of nations over the last ten years invites the historian to reconsider the classic definitions of nation, nationality and State. These definitions can no longer be normative and definitive. They have to be put into a context in which new approaches and new terms (ethnic group, identity) have appeared and compete, if one wants to try to characterize the national phenomenon.
Les avatars du statut de résistant en France (1945-1992)
Authors: Wieviorka Olivier 
Published: July 2010

The transformations of the status of resistant in France (1945-1992).
If ever there were a juridical status that should be unequivocal and non-revisable, this is it. Alas, from 1945 to 1992, the surviving resistants were remobilized and somewhat instrumentalized several times by political forces. Their rights followed the fluctuating curve of people's thinking and "felt" the assaults on memory. Between the military and the civilian, the national virtual French dough-boy and the ecumenical militant of universal values, their civic image greatly changed. This change is analyzed here for the first time, with all its expectations, taken from the best sources.
Pour une histoire de l'Europe sans adjectif
Authors: Rioux Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2010

For an adjectiveless history of Europe.
The difficulties of a European history, full of geographical, conceptual, and methodological ambiguities, preclude any teleological history whose ambition would be to justify a historic march towards European Union. The strength of national histories and the role of binational confrontations in recent historical research support a history of Europe set between the national and the world, which would recall the tensions and the ruptures and would acknowledge that Europe is a contradictory form.
Les lumières de la crise. Les entreprises françaises dans la dépression des années 1930
Authors: Lefeuvre Daniel 
Published: July 2010

The stars of the crisis. French companies in the 1930s' depression, Daniel Lefeuvre.
The study of companies' financial results in the 1930s mitigates the overly black image of the French economy during the depression: The assets of most big firms grew ; for 92 % of these firms, profitability was also up. This period was also rich in promising changes: on the horizon were the consumption habits of the "Trente Glorieuses" and the growth of a gribusiness. At the same time, the modernization of distribution and new thinking on management ans sales methods were occurring, and technological choices were being made for the future.
Les banques françaises dans les grandes crises du 20e siècle
Authors: Plessis Alain 
Published: July 2010

French banks in the major crises of the 20th century, Alain Plessis.
In the 1930s as in the 1980s, French banks were seriously hit by the effects of the economic crisis. But the development of the monetary System during this half-century, in particular the increase of credit circulation, brought about changes in banking. Accused in the two periods of contri-buting to the beginning or the deepening of the crisis, they didn't suffer from the same effects. In the 1980s, there were no massive withdrawal demands whereas the increase of bad risks led to a reduction of banking establishments' resources. Necessitating considerable provisions, this increase reduced their profitability considerably. The adaptation of French banks to a competitive, hight risk market is even more delicate in that they are not totally free from State influence.
Les économistes face aux «crises» de 1929 et 1974
Authors: Wolff Jacques 
Published: July 2010

Economists and the "crises" of the 1929 and 1974, Jacques Wolff.
In spite of different methodological presuppositions, the analysis of the "1929 crisis" by the British orthodox economist Lionel Robbins (The Great Depression, 1929-1934, 1934) often agrees with the synthetic approach of the French economist Bertrand Nogaro (La crise économique en France et dans le monde, 1936) : both reject the idea of a single cause interpretation of the recession and condemn any policy that questions market laws and claims to break with the market economy. Faced with the 1974 recession, Otto Eckstein (The Great Recession, 1978) proposes an analysis of the American crisis based on an econometric model using many simulations, which opposes, point by point, the Marxist Ernst Mandel's point of view (La crise, 1974-1978, 1978). Far from being a weakness, the difference between the approaches illustrates the richness of economic analysis. In this field, improvement of the representations can come only from the confrontation of models and ideas.
Le Saint-Siège, l'état d'Israël et la paix au moyen-orient
Authors: Yerly Frédéric 
Published: July 2010

The Holy See, the state of Israël and peace in the Middle East, Frédéric Yerly.
The agreement reached on December 30, 1993 between the Holy See and the state of Israël and followed by the exchange of ambassadors crowns a normalization process of diplomatic relations begun during Abba Eban's visit to Rome in 1969. Prior to the proclamation of the state of Israël in 1948, the Roman hostility to the settling of the Jews in Palestine stemmed from the conviction that Catholic interests in the holy places and the protection of the Christians in the Middle East should take precedence over the recognition of the Jewish people. The so-called Roman neutrality over the beginning of the state of Israël turned to hostility when confronted with the Palestinian cause. The 1993 turning point was partially due to the failure of the Roman policy in the Middle-East, a failure confirmed by the Gulf War. Rome had to rethink its positions very hastily, considering the development of the regional situation. But the December agreement included some ethical clauses that are also part of the ongoing theological dialogue between Jews and Christians.
L'implantation industrielle française en Allemagne fédérale, de 1945 au début des années 1960 une ambition renouvelée ?
Authors: Eck Jean-François 
Published: July 2010

French industrial implantation in West Germany, from 1945 to the early 1960s: a renewed ambition?, Jean-François Eck.
The growth of French investments in West Germany from 1945 to I960 was spectacular. This strong increase was often due to the return of enterprises whose business had been ruined by Nazism. The really new establishments were rare and limited. But the development of investments had an influence on the management of business that, thanks to internationalization, modernized their ways of running their business. Business leaders payed more attention to manufacturing costs and less to national demand to which delocalization was supposed to answer. A capital change.
De Gaulle et l'histoire de France
Authors: Agulhon Maurice 
Published: July 2010

De Gaulle and French History, Maurice Agulhon.
Maurice Agulhon explains "a certain idea of France" that Charles de Gaulle drew from the history of his country. France as a person, the weight of origins, and the dialectic of the national and providential : general de Gaulle's constant reflection on these three questions made him a French Sisyphus, inimitable and dated.
La « culture pop » des années 1960 en Angleterre
Authors: Lemonnier Bertrand 
Published: July 2010

1960s Pop Culture in England, Bertrand Lemonnier.
The 1960s pop culture, of which the Beatles were the emblematic figure, remains a little-explored historical field. The historicity of pop is generally underestimated and "young people's culture" is willfully denigrated. Added to this are the methodological problems posed by the overabundance and diversity of available sources as well as the epistemological problems raised by the writing of a cultural history of the present time.
Aux origines de la génération 1968 : les étudiants français et la guerre du Vietnam
Authors: Jalabert Laurent 
Published: July 2010

Origins of the 1968 generation: French Students and the Vietnam War (1965-1968), Laurent Jalabert.
The mobilization of French students against the war in Vietnam from 1965 to 1968 often seemed like a rehearsal of May 1968: rival revolutionary ideological de- mands, creation of competitive student committees, and street demonstrations are the main characteristics of this very active anti-American campaign. The contestation created lasting bonds between the students and some universities whose research involved them in third-world issues. This commitment of French intellectual youth contributed to the political training of the 1968 generation.
Les mythes policiers du cinéma français des années 1930 aux années 1990
Authors: Dehée Yannick 
Published: July 2010

Police Myths in French Cinema, from the 1930s to the 1980s, Yannick Dehée.
Through the example of the police in French cinema, "popular" films called will be analyzed as a political myth. The police hero as seen on the screen, from Maigret of the 1930s to Belmondo of the 1970s and the Ripoux of the 1980s, underscore the change in people's mentalities and reveal a growing malaise as to the state of society.
Populisme et nationalisme
Authors: Hermet Guy 
Published: July 2010

Populism and nationalism, Guy Hermet.
As of late 18th century, nation and people have been used synonymously by the founders of today's representative regimes. Populism and nationalism are the outgrowths of these two terms, and their marriage, that the French revolutionaries saw to during the founding period of political modernity, has remained valid throughout the 20th c. There were three different types of populism in Europe in the 1930s in which the expressions of ethnically-based national-populism cannot be reduced to the phenomenon of Nazism alone: the first was an additive of political discourse to foment the people's wrath ; the second, carried by in- tellectuals, proposed the political promotion of the humiliated masses by means they laid claim to; and the third one focussed on the real or imagined ethnic solidarity of an old-stock population. Added to these were the North and South-American populisms, whose study shows to what point the desire to control the political intervention of the masses was the unifying element of a generic national-populism.
Le populisme ?
Authors: Agulhon Maurice , Badie Bertrand , Bergounioux Alain , Besançon Alain , Rudelle Odile , Stengers Jean , Stora Benjamin , Thibaud Paul , Touraine Alain 
Published: July 2010

Populism? Maurice Agulhon, Bertrand Badie, Alain Bergougnioux, Alain Besançon, Odile Rudelle, Jean Stengers, Benjamin Stora, Paul Thibaud et Alain Touraine.
«What do you think and what should one think, according to you, of the concept of populism and its scientific and civic uses, to understand a contemporary society, from yesterday to today?» This was the question that Vingtième siècle posed (well before the French elections of June 1, 1997) to historians, political scientists, sociologists, researchers and intellectuals. Here is a selection of their answers, all very free, and that point out the convergences around which this issue was constructed.
La cause du peuple
Authors: Perrot Michelle 
Published: July 2010

The People's Cause, Michelle Perrot.
The idea of direct intervention, which goes back to Early Modem times and thrived during the Enlightenment, is at the root of political commitment. It remained, however, restricted in scope and more attentive to he rights of Man than to social concerns. In the course of the nineteenth-century, by contrast, the social question came to the fore as writers tended to eulogize the People. But the autonomy of the workers movement, readily anti-intellectual, confined nineteenth-century writers to the secondary role of "road companions", which in turn freed them for the task of upholding justice, as in the Dreyfus Affair. All these mutations, of causes, actors, projects and behaviors, outlined complex configurations reflecting changes in attitudes to time, to space and to ways of envisioning the future. Nineteenth-century experiences help us to better understand the various forms, both fleeting and vigorous, of contemporary commitents.
Les quatre saisons des clercs
Authors: Sirinelli Jean-François 
Published: July 2010

The Four Seasons of Intellectuals, Jean-François Sirinelli.
The commitment of intellectuals since the Dreyfus affair constitutes a national tradition, this key moment forming the "birth" of a type of involvement sowed during thanks to Voltaire and the 18th century. During the period between the two wars, intellectuals played a major role because of the seriousness of the stakes as well as because of the very nature of a clash that, opposing Nazism and Communism, directly called to the intellectuals. After the Liberation and the Algerian war, however, these engagements diminished as media coverage tended to abolish the power of intellectuals.
Réflexions sur l'engagement personnel
Authors: Landsberg Paul-Louis 
Published: July 2010

Thoughts on Personal Engagement, Paul-Louis Landsberg.
This text is the first part of an article published by the journal Esprit in November 1937. A reflection on historicity, Paul-Louis Landsberg's analysis, haunted by spain, is rather close to what Malraux said at the same time in Esprit. His richer argumentation, however, was extended by an "introduction to a critique of the myth", also published in Esprit, in January, 1938.