bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of complex tympanojugular paragangliomas including endovascular intervention
Authors: Sanna Mario , Shin Seung‐Ho , De Donato Giuseppe , Sivalingam Shailendra , Lauda Lorenzo , Vitullo Francesca , Piazza Paolo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To identify complex cases of tympanojugular paraganglioma (TJP) and to analyze their management and surgical outcome. To present strategy and guidelines on how to deal with the perioperative complicating factors.Study Design:Retrospective analysis.Methods:We retrospectively studied 212 TJP patients to identify the complex cases and analyzed their management and surgical outcome. The criteria for complex TJP are: 1) very large size; 2) large intradural extension (IDE); 3) extension to the cavernous sinus, foramen magnum, and clivus; 4) significant involvement of the internal carotid artery (ICA); 5) a solitary ICA on the lesion side; 6) involvement of the vertebral artery; 7) dominant or unilateral sigmoid sinus on the lesion side; 8) bilateral or multiple paragangliomas; and 9) recurrence.Results:Sixty patients were classified as complex. Forty‐five patients had tumors with IDE. Twenty patients with tumor involving ICA underwent preoperative endovascular intervention. Two patients had a solitary ICA and two others unilateral sigmoid sinus on the lesion side. Thirteen patients had multicentric tumors, and three patients had bilateral ones. The main procedure was the infratemporal fossa approach type A. Total removal was achieved in 46 patients, and five of them experienced recurrence.Conclusions:It is essential to carefully investigate the hemodynamics of the brain in planning surgery. A proper preoperative endovascular intervention facilitates gross total tumor removal. In bilateral paragangliomas, lower cranial nerves' function should be preserved at least unilaterally. Staged removal is recommended for a tumor with a large intradural component.
Robotic facelift thyroidectomy: II. Clinical feasibility and safety
Authors: Terris David J. , Singer Michael C. , Seybt Melanie W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives:A number of remote access thyroidectomy techniques have been described in the last several years. These approaches are technically challenging, can be performed on only a limited patient population, and have been associated with significant complications. We describe a novel robotic facelift approach for thyroidectomy and report our initial clinical experience.Design:Planned analysis of a prospectively maintained database with institutional review board approval.Methods:Robotic facelift thyroidectomy (RFT) was performed on all patients. Demographic and surgical data were obtained and analyzed. Data collected included patient age, gender, body mass index (BMI), pathology, complications, and duration of surgery.Results:A total of 18 RFT procedures were undertaken in 14 patients. There were 13 females and 1 male, with a mean age of 33.7 ± 18.1 years (range: 12–70). The mean BMI was 26.9 ± 4.5. The procedures included 13 lobectomies, one bilateral thyroidectomy, and 3 completion thyroidectomies. All but the first procedure was performed on an outpatient basis without use of a drain. There were no conversions to open surgery, no permanent nerve injuries, and no cases of hypoparathyroidism. Operative times ranged from 97 to 193 minutes.Conclusions:RFT is a feasible remote access thyroidectomy approach. It appears from our initial experience that it may be performed in a safe and reproducible manner without a drain and on an outpatient basis. Additional clinical experience is warranted to further validate this technique.
Evaluation of the hybrid‐L24® electrode using microcomputed tomography
Authors: Driscoll Colin L.W. , Carlson Matthew L. , Fama Anthony F. , Lane John I. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To compare electrode array position, and depth of insertion of the Cochlear Hybrid‐L24® electrode array following traditional cochleostomy and round window (RW) insertion.Study Design:Prospective cadaveric temporal bone study.Methods:Ten cadaveric temporal bones were implanted with the Hybrid‐L24® electrode array; half were introduced through a RW approach, whereas the other half were inserted through a traditional scala tympani cochleostomy. A micro‐CT scanner was then used to evaluate electrode position, intracochlear trauma, and depth of insertion.Results:All electrodes were inserted into the scala tympani without significant resistance. No electrodes demonstrated tip fold‐over or through‐fracturing of the osseous spiral lamina, basilar membrane, or spiral ligament. The average angular depth of insertion for all 10 electrodes was 252.4°. Compared to cochleostomy insertions, electrodes inserted through the RW more commonly acquired a proximal perimodiolar orientation, followed a more predictable course, and less commonly contacted critical soft tissue structures.Conclusions:The results of this study demonstrate that the Hybrid‐L24® electrode can be successfully inserted using a RW or traditional cochleostomy technique with minimal intracochlear trauma. Our data also suggests that with this model, RW insertions may provide particular advantages with respect to hearing preservation over the traditional cochleostomy approach. Laryngoscope, 2011
An imprecise goal programming approach for modeling design team's preferences in quality function deployment planning process
Authors: Cherif Mohamed Sadok , Aouni Belaïd , Chabchoub Habib 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is an approach that facilitates designing product by analyzing and projecting the Customer's Needs (CNs) in the Engineering Characteristics (ECs) of a product. The aim of QFD planning process is to determine the target levels for ECs of a product that achieve high level of overall customers' satisfaction. However, integrating design team's preferences in this preliminary stage of product design could make the design more realistic and could also avoid unfeasibility in posterior phases of the product development processes. Moreover, this process is performed within an imprecise environment, and more than one factor must be taken into account in determining targets levels of ECs; especially, the limited resources and increased market competition. This paper presents an imprecise goal programming approach to determine the best aspiration levels of ECs in QFD planning process. Based on benchmarking data of ECs, the concept of satisfaction functions will be utilized to integrate explicitly the design team's preferences and incorporate the competitive analysis of target market into the modelling and solution processes. In addition, the relationships linking CNs and ECs and the ECs to each other are integrated by functional relationships. The proposed approach will be illustrated through an example of product development of an emulsification dynamite packing machine. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Making a difference? The effects of Teach For America in high school
Authors: Xu Zeyu , Hannaway Jane , Taylor Colin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTeach For America (TFA) selects and places graduates from the most competitive colleges as teachers in the lowest‐performing schools in the country. This paper is the first study that examines TFA effects in high school. We use rich longitudinal data from North Carolina and estimate TFA effects through cross‐subject student and school fixed effects models. We find that TFA teachers tend to have a positive effect on high school student test scores relative to non‐TFA teachers, including those who are certified in field. Such effects offset or exceed the impact of additional years of experience and are particularly strong in science. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Klinische Anwendung der Gentherapie. Bisherige Erfahrungen und Zukunft
Authors: Langer Barbara , Cichutek Klaus 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGentherapie = Therapie mit Genen: Wie kann das denn funktionieren? Gene sind ja in jeder unserer Körperzellen und im Erbgut der Keimzellen befinden sich die Gene, die wir vererben. Sind diese betroffen? So oder ähnlich dürften nicht nur die Laien, sondern auch die Forscher reagiert haben, als sie Ende der 1980er Jahre in den USA und Anfang der 1990er Jahre in Deutschland von den ersten klinischen Gentherapievorhaben hörten.
Gentherapie der septischen Granulomatose: Chancen und Risiken. Der Weg zur erfolgreichen Therapie einer angeborenen Immundefizienz
Authors: Schwäble Joachim , Schultze‐Strasser Stephan , Stein Stefan , Grez Manuel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIm Jahre 2004 sind am Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt zwei Patienten mit X‐CGD gentherapeutisch behandelt worden. Nach einer initialen Phase mit Nachweis ausreichender Mengen Oxidase‐positiver Zellen im Blut der Patienten und einer deutlichen klinischen Besserung vorbestehender Infektionsherde kam es zu einem Verlust der Transgenexpression durch epigenetische Veränderungen des viralen Promotors. Ferner entwickelte sich durch Insertionsmutagenese eine klonale Expansion in der Hämatopoese und schließlich ein myelodysplastisches Syndrom mit Monosomie 7 bei beiden Patienten. In der Zusammenschau mit anderen Gentherapiestudien zur X‐CGD zeigt sich, dass bislang ein langanhaltendes Engraftment funktionierender genkorrigierter Zellen nur im Zusammenhang mit einer Insertionsmutagenese beobachtet wurde. Zukünftige gentherapeutische Strategien zur Behandlung der X‐CGD müssen das Risiko einer Insertionsmutagenese minimieren und gleichzeitig die Effektivität des Engraftments genkorrigierter Zellen steigern. Dies soll durch den Einsatz von SIN‐Vektoren sowie einer Intensivierung der Konditionierung der Patienten erreicht werden.
Personalisierte Therapie der HIV‐Infektion
Authors: Winckler Thomas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFür die Suche nach Impfstoffen oder neuen Therapien gegen die HIV‐Infektion ist der rasche Wandel des Virus die größte Herausforderung. Eine neue Strategie könnte die Therapie mit körpereigenen Immunzellen sein, die ex vivo gegen das “persönliche” Virus scharf gemacht werden.
Neue Malariawirkstoffe: Screening gegen den kompletten Parasiten oder Target‐basiert – welcher Weg ist der richtige?
Authors: Schlitzer Martin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMalaria ist immer noch eine der bedeutendsten Infektionskrankheiten der Welt. Der Wert der momentan zur Verfügung stehenden Malariatherapeutika wird durch zwei Faktoren begrenzt: Resistenz und Toxizität.
Longitudinal monitoring of the safety of drugs by using a web‐based system: the case of pregabalin
Authors: Härmark Linda , van Puijenbroek Eugene , van Grootheest Kees 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeInformation about the time course of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is often lacking. If this information would be available, it could help increase patient's adherence to drugs when experiencing an ADR. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how a web‐based intensive monitoring system using the patient as a source of information can be used to gather longitudinal safety data of a drug. In this study, pregabalin was used as an example.MethodsFirst‐time users of pregabalin were approached in Dutch pharmacies between 1 August 2006 and 31 January 2008. After online registration, patients received questionnaires by email 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the start of the drug use. Data on patient characteristics, drug use and ADRs were collected and analysed.ResultsA total of 1373 patients registered for the pregabalin study. Of these patients, 1051 (76.5%) filled in at least one questionnaire. On an aggregated level, the ADR profile remained relatively stable over time. Incidence densities showed that the five most frequently reported reactions occurred early in the treatment. Initially, the majority of the patients did not undertake any action when experiencing an ADR. Recovery did not seem to be completely dependent of drug cessation.ConclusionsWith web‐based intensive monitoring, it is possible to study the time course of ADRs. This method can be a valuable addition to pharmacovigilance because it can generate other types of information as compared with spontaneous reporting and other intensive monitoring methodologies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of aromatic oxazolyl‐ and carboxyl‐functionalized polymers: Atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene initiated by 2‐[(4‐bromomethyl)phenyl]‐4,5‐dihydro‐4,4‐dimethyloxazole
Authors: Summers Gabriel J. , Maseko Rejoice B. , Beebeejaun B. M. Parveen , Summers Carol A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of a new compound, 2‐[(4‐bromomethyl)phenyl]‐4,5‐dihydro‐4,4‐dimethyloxazole (1), and its utility in the synthesis of oxazoline‐functionalized polystyrene by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) methods are described. Aromatic oxazolyl‐functionalized polymers were prepared by the ATRP of styrene, initiated by (1) in the presence of copper(I) bromide/2,2′‐bipyridyl catalyst system, to afford the corresponding α‐oxazolyl‐functionalized polystyrene (2). The polymerization proceeded via a controlled free radical polymerization process to produce the corresponding α‐oxazolyl‐functionalized polymers with predictable number‐average molecular weights, narrow molecular weight distributions in high‐initiator efficiency reactions. Post‐ATRP chain end modification of α‐oxazolyl‐functionalized polystyrene (2) to form the corresponding α‐carboxyl‐functionalized polystyrene (3) was achieved by successive acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis and saponification reactions. The polymerization processes were monitored by gas chromatography analyses. The unimolecular‐functionalized initiator and functionalized polymers were characterized by thin layer chromatography, spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and nonaqueous titration analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.
Synthesis and optical and transport properties of a phenyl‐substituted polythiophene
Authors: Debebe Siraye E. , Gedefaw Desta A. , Mammo Wendimagegn , Yohannes Teketel , Tinti Francesca , Zanelli Alberto , Fattori Valeria , Camaioni Nadia 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a novel polythiophene substituted with a 2′‐pentyloxy‐5′‐(1″′‐oxooctyl) phenyl group (PPOPT) is reported. The bulk transport properties of thin films of PPOPT are investigated by admittance spectroscopy. The dramatic effect of the phenyl side chain on the mobility of positive carriers in films of PPOPT is described. The photophysics of PPOPT in both solution and thin film is also investigated and correlated to substituent‐driven intrachain and interchain arrangements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Ethylene homopolymerizaton and copolymerizaton by vanadium(III) complexes containing tridentate or tetradentate iminopyrrolyl ligands
Authors: Mu Jing‐Shan , Shi Xin‐Cui , Li Yue‐Sheng 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIminopyrrolyl vanadium(III) complexes 2a–b bearing tridentate ligands [C4H3NCHNC6H4L]VCl2(THF) [L = 2‐P(C6H5)2 (2a), 2‐SMe (2b)] and complexes 2c–d with tetradentate ligands [(C4H3NCHN)2R]VCl(THF) [R = 1,2‐C6H4 (2c), 1,2‐C2H4 (2d)] have been synthesized in high yields. With diethylaluminium chloride as a cocatalyst, complexes 2a–d were investigated as efficient catalysts for ethylene polymerization under various reaction conditions, and exhibited high catalytic activity and remarkable thermal stability. With these complexes, high molecular weight polymers with unimodal molecular weight distributions were obtained, indicating that the polymerization reaction took place in a single‐site nature. Ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerizations were also investigated in the presence of Et2AlCl. Both increasing ligand denticity and introducing softer atom into the sidearm of the ligands significantly influenced catalytic activity, comonomer incorporation, and the molecular weights of the resultant polymers, suggesting that both the steric and the electronic effects of the ligands played an important role in adjusting chain propagation and transfer rate. The chain transfer mechanisms involved in the copolymerization process were investigated by carefully analyzing the microstructure of the copolymers. The signals of vinyl, disubstituted and tri‐substituted vinylene double bond end groups were detected in the copolymer obtained by 2a/Et2AlCl system but not in those by 2b–c/Et2AlCl systems, indicating that bulky electron‐donating group, P(C6H5)2, may lead to those unusual transfer reactions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of low‐bandgap 4,7‐dithien‐2‐yl‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole‐based poly(heteroarylenevinylene)s
Authors: Wen Shanpeng , Pei Jianing , Li Pengfei , Zhou Yinhua , Cheng Weidong , Dong Qingfeng , Li Zaifang , Tian Wenjing 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThree novel low‐bandgap copolymers containing alkylated 4,7‐dithien‐2‐yl‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (HBT) and different electron‐rich functional groups (dialkylfluorene (PFV‐HBT), dialkyloxyphenylene (PPV‐HBT) and dialkylthiophene (PTV‐HBT)) were prepared by Horner polycondensation reactions and characterized by 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and elemental analysis. The alkyl side chain brings these polymeric materials good solubility in common organic solvents, which is critical for the manufacture of solar cells in a cost‐effective manner. The copolymers exhibit low optical bandgap from 1.48 to 1.83 eV. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of the copolymers were measured by cyclic voltammetry. Theoretical calculations revealed that the variation laws of HOMO and the LUMO energy levels are well consistent with cyclic voltammetry measurement. The bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices with the structure of ITO/PEDOT‐PSS/polymer:PCBM/LiF/Al were fabricated by using the three copolymers as the donor and (6,6)‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the acceptor in the active layer. The device based on PTV‐HBT:PCBM (1:4 w/w) achieved a power conversion efficiency of 1.05% under the illumination of AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm2. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.
Hydrophilic dual‐responsive magnetite/PMAA core/shell microspheres with high magnetic susceptibility and ph sensitivity via distillation‐precipitation polymerization
Authors: Ma Wanfu , Xu Shuai , Li Jumei , Guo Jia , Lin Yao , Wang Changchun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA facile and effective approach to preparation of dual‐responsive magnetic core/shell composite microspheres is reported. The magnetite(Fe3O4)/poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) composite microspheres were synthesized through encapsulating γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS)‐modified magnetite colloid nanocrystal clusters (MCNCs) with crosslinked PMAA shell. First, the 200‐nm‐sized MCNCs were fabricated through solvothermal reaction, and then the MCNCs were modified with MPS to form active vinyl groups on the surface of MCNCs, and finally, a pH‐responsive shell of PMAA was coated onto the surface of MCNCs by distillation‐precipitation polymerization. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer characterization showed that the obtained composite microspheres had well‐defined core/shell structure and high saturation magnetization value (35 emu/g). The experimental results indicated that the thickness and degree of crosslinking of PMAA shell could be well‐controlled. The pH‐induced change in size exhibited by the core/shell microspheres reflected the PMAA shell contained large amount of carboxyl groups. The carboxyl groups and high saturation magnetization make these microspheres have a great potential in biomolecule separation and drug carriers. Moreover, we also demonstrated that other magnetic polymeric microspheres, such as Fe3O4/PAA, Fe3O4/PAM, and Fe3O4/PNIPAM, could be synthesized by this approach. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.
A new mechanism for ocean–atmosphere coupling in midlatitudes
Authors: Czaja A. , Blunt N. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe role of moist convection in ‘transferring’ upward surface ocean conditions throughout the troposphere is studied using reanalysis data for the extratropical Northern and Southern Hemispheres in winter. It is found that conditions for the development of a convective air column from the sea surface to the tropopause are met frequently over all major western boundary currents and their extension in the oceanic interior (sometimes for as much as 50% of the time). These frequent occurrences are shown to be jointly controlled by oceanic advection of warm waters and, on the atmospheric side, the downward displacement of the tropopause associated with synoptic weather systems.Based on these results, it is proposed that the oceans can influence the atmosphere directly through convection in midlatitudes, as is commonly thought to occur in the Tropics. Analysis of the Richardson numberRifound at low levels suggests that moist symmetric instability (0< Ri≤ 1) is a key process involved in linking surface ocean temperatures to atmospheric lapse rates, in addition to standard upright convection. These lowRiprocesses are not currently parametrized in climate models, which raises the possibility that the extratropical oceanic influence on climate might be underestimated in the current generation of models. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Methods and evaluations for surveillance in industry, business, finance, and public health
Authors: Frisén Marianne 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAn overview on surveillance in different areas is given. Even though methods have been developed under different scientific cultures, the statistical concepts can be the same. When the statistical problems are the same, progress in one area can be used also in other areas. The aim of surveillance is to detect an important change in an underlying process as soon as possible after the change has occurred. In practice, we have complexities such as gradual changes and multivariate settings. Approaches to handling some of these complexities are discussed. The correspondence between the measures for evaluation and the aims of the application is important. Thus, the choice of evaluation measure deserves attention. The commonly used ARL criterion should be used with care. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.