bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Surrogate Assumptions and Use of Diuretics Associated with Diagnosis and Staging of Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery?
Authors: Sims Andrew J. , Hussein Hayder K. , Prabhu Mahesh , Kanagasundaram N. Suren 
Published: January 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
This study measured the association between the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) diagnostic and staging criteria and surrogates for baseline serum creatinine (SCr) and body weight, compared urine output (UO) with SCr criteria, and assessed the relationships between use of diuretics and calibration between criteria and prediction of outcomes.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This was a retrospective cohort study using prospective measurements of SCr, hourly UO, body weight, and drug administration records from 5701 patients admitted, after cardiac surgery, to a cardiac intensive care unit between 1995 and 2006.

Results
More patients (n=2424, 42.5%) met SCr diagnostic criteria with calculated SCr assuming a baseline estimated GFR of 75 ml/min per 1.73 m2 than with known baseline SCr (n=1043, 18.3%). Fewer patients (n=484, 8.5%) met UO diagnostic criteria with assumed body weight (70 kg) than with known weight (n=624, 10.9%). Agreement between SCr and UO criteria was fair (κ=0.28; 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.31). UO diagnostic criteria were specific (0.95; 0.94–0.95) but insensitive (0.36; 0.33–0.39) compared with SCr. Intravenous diuretics were associated with higher probability of falling below the UO diagnostic threshold compared with SCr, higher 30-day mortality (relative risk, 2.27; 1.08–4.76), and the need for renal support (4.35; 1.82–10.4) compared with no diuretics.

Conclusions
Common surrogates for baseline estimated GFR and body weight were associated with misclassification of AKIN stage. UO criteria were insensitive compared with SCr. Intravenous diuretic use further reduced agreement and confounded association between AKIN stage and 30-day mortality or need for renal support.
Deviance at RKGA LLP
Authors: Jelinek Kate 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this case is to relate the topic of workplace deviance to students entering the accounting profession. Deviance is defined as “voluntary employee behavior that violates organizational norms and, in so doing, threatens the well-being of the organization or its members” (Robinson and Bennett 1995). In an audit context, examples include fudging expense reports, breaking client dress protocol, and complaining to the client about firm policies. This case is based on incidents the author noticed while working in public practice as well as observations relayed by current auditors. The case relates the story of a senior manager with a large regional firm who is assigned the onerous task of investigating partners' numerous complaints of observing audit firm members engaging in behavior such as taking extra-long lunches, running personal errands during work hours, and needlessly surfing the Internet while at client locations. The case is intended to develop students' understanding of the following: the concept of workplace deviance, the three types of deviance, and the causes and consequences of deviant behavior in an audit setting. Students are asked to identify examples of deviant behavior in the case as well as from previous professional work experiences.
Imager Evaluation of Diabetic Retinopathy at the Time of Imaging in a Telemedicine Program
Authors: Cavallerano Jerry D. , Silva Paolo S. , Tolson Ann M. , Francis Taniya , Tolls Dorothy , Patel Bina , Eagan Sharon , Aiello Lloyd M. , Aiello Lloyd P. 
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the ability of certified retinal imagers to identify presence versus absence of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (stDR) (moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy or worse or diabetic macular edema) at the time of retinal imaging in a telemedicine program.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Diabetic patients in a primary care setting or specialty diabetes clinic received Joslin Vision Network protocol retinal imaging as part of their care. Trained nonphysician imagers graded the presence versus absence of stDR at the time of imaging. These gradings were compared with masked gradings of certified readers.

RESULTS
Of 158 patients (316 eyes) imaged, all cases of stDR (42 eyes [13%]) were identified by the imagers at the time of imaging. Six eyes with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy were graded by the imagers to have stDR (sensitivity 1.00, 95% CI 0.90–1.00; specificity 0.97, 0.94–0.99).

CONCLUSIONS
Appropriately trained imagers can accurately identify stDR at the time of imaging.
Fear and deference in Holocaust education. The pitfalls of “engagement teaching” according to a report by the British Historical Association
Authors: Carrier Peter 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
This article questions the effectiveness of “engagement teaching” when dealing with controversial subjects by exploring the role of fear in contemporary education about the Holocaust in the United Kingdom. It begins by assessing a governmental report about education and a series of related press reports and chain emails, whose assumption that secondary school teachers are afraid of teaching controversial subjects (in particular the Holocaust) triggered an international scandal about Holocaust education in the UK in April 2007. The author argues that three forms of respectful fear or deference are undermined in Holocaust teaching: epistemological (towards historical knowledge); political (towards curricula); and intergenerational (towards teachers). The article further demonstrates that the object of fear expressed by journalists and the public was not the Holocaust itself, but the reversal of deferential relations between teachers and pupils in the school classroom and the supposition that we may not learn from history. Whereas history education is held up by policy-makers as a safeguard of social stability and of the transmission of values, the application of “engagement teaching” to controversial subjects may in fact undermine the authority of historical education and the enlightenment principles on which it is founded.
The Evaluation of Two New Hyaluronan Hydrogels as Nasal Dressing in the Rabbit Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Chen Qun , Sun Guangbin , Wang Yunyun , Zhong Weiping , Shu Xiao Zheng 
Published: January 2012

Background The postoperative scaring, ostial stenosis, and adhesions after functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis remains a major problem. This study was designed to evaluate two new hyaluronan (HA) hydrogels for neo-ostium antistenosis and promoting wound healing in a rabbit maxillary sinus model. Methods The anterior wall of the maxillary sinus of 48 rabbits was removed to create a 4-mm circumferential wound both on the nasal and on the sinus sides. A rapid-gelling HA hydrogel or preformed HA hydrogel was filled randomly into the right or left sinus, while the opposite sinus served as blank control or was treated with Merogel (Medtronic Xomed Surgical Products, Jacksonville, FL) as control. The neo-ostium diameter and histological scores were evaluated and analyzed postoperatively. Results The neo-ostium diameter in the rapid-gelling HA hydrogel–treated side was significantly large than that in the blank control side with a mean difference of 1.46 ± 0.99 mm (p = 0.03), 1.30 ± 0.61 mm (p = 0.0087), and 1.60 ± 0.25 mm (p = 0.00015) at 2, 3, and 4 weeks, respectively; the neo-ostium diameter in the preformed HA hydrogel–treated side at 2 weeks was significantly larger than that in the blank control side or Merogel control side with a mean difference of 1.46 ± 0.76 mm (p = 0.002) or 0.54 ± 0.36 mm (p = 0.007), respectively. The preformed HA hydrogel–treated side showed better histology scores at 2 weeks in heterophils, fibrosis, and osteogenesis than the blank control, and the chronic inflammation (lymphocyte/plasmacyte infiltration) was not prevalent. Conclusion During the postoperative follow-up period both of the two HA hydrogels significantly prevented neo-ostium stenosis and the preformed HA hydrogel promoted wound healing.
Biofilm Formation and Toll-Like Receptor 2, Toll-Like Receptor 4, and NF-kappaB Expression in Sinus Tissues of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Sun Yan , Zhou Bing , Wang Chengshuo , Huang Qian , Zhang Qi , Han Yehua , Dai Wei , Fan Erzhong , Li Ying 
Published: January 2012

Background Bacterial biofilm formation is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, how bacterial biofilms are related to innate immune response in patients is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of biofilms in CRS patients and investigate the biofilm-related Toll-like receptor (TLR) and downstream NF-kappaB expression in sinus tissues of patients with CRS. Methods A total of 31 CRS patients and 11 control patients with other diseases undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were recruited consecutively. Their random sinonasal tissue specimens were examined for the formation of biofilms by scanning electron microscopy. The relative levels of TLR2, TLR4, and NF-kappaB expression in those sinus tissues were determined by quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Results Bacterial biofilms were detected in 20 of 31 samples from CRS patients but not in a single sample from control patients. The relative levels of TLR2, TLR4, and NF-kappaB expression in sinus tissues from CRS patients were significantly higher than that of controls, and the relative levels of TLR2 and NF-kappaB, but not TLR4, in biofilm-positive sinus tissues were significantly higher than that in biofilm-negative tissues of those CRS patients. Conclusion Our data indicated that bacterial biofilms were associated with higher levels of TLR2 and NF-kappaB in the majority of sinus tissues from patients with CRS.
Production of Somaclone <i>In vitro</i> for Drought Stress Tolerant Plantlet Selection in Sugarcane (<i>Saccharum officinarum</i> L.)
Authors: Begum MK , Islam MO , Miah MAS , Hossain MA , Islam N 
Published: January 2012

An experiment was carried out at the Biotechnology Laboratory of Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI), Ishurdi, Pabna for the development of drought tolerant somaclones. Five sugarcane varieties viz. Isd 20, Isd 35, Isd 36, Isd 37 and Isd 38 were used as plant material. Unexpanded spindle leaf sheaths were used as explants in tissue culture. In the first culture, the MS medium (BM) was supplemented with 2,4-D (3 mgL-1) and coconut water (10 %) for callus induction. The callus was then sub-cultured on fresh BM with BAP (2.0 mgL-1) and Kinetin (1.0 mgL-1) for plantlet initiation (2nd culture). In the third culture, initiated plantlets were sub-cultured again on fresh BM contained NAA (5.0 mgL-1) for root development. In all cultures BM was supplemented with 0.0, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% poly ethylene glycol (PEG) and was semi solidified with 0.6% agar to select somaclone variant plantlets of sugarcane in vitro. In the first culture 100% explants initiated callus on medium supplemented with no PEG. Callus induction, proliferation and plantlet regeneration decreased with increased level of PEG. At 7.5% PEG, the callus induction was highest (80%) in varieties Isd 35 and Isd 38. Callus was induced but became reddish black and senescence within 40 days on BM supplemented with 10.0 % PEG. Both shoot and root production decreased with increased PEG level in the medium. At 7.5 % PEG in BM, the highest shoot number was in Isd 38 (5.5 per culture), root number (7.6 per shoot) and root length (1.2 cm) were in the variety Isd 38. The highest shoot length was in Isd 37 and Isd 38 (1.8 cm). Survival percentage of in vitro regenerated plantlets was 100 % during hardening in low cost polythene house and in establishment in the field. Keywords: Somaclone; sugarcane; drought stress; plantlet; in vitro DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9475 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&2): 18-28
Effects of Mimosa (<i>Mimosa invisa</i>) Compost and Phosphorus on the Yield and Yield Components of Lentil (<i>Lens culinaris</i> L.)
Authors: Barua R , Bhuiya MSU , Kabir MM , Maniruzzaman S , Ahmed Z 
Published: January 2012

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during November 2008 to March 2009 to examine the effects of mimosa (Mimosa invisa) compost and phosphorus on the yield and yield components of lentil variety BARI Masur6. Two factors were: a) Mimosa invisa compost and b) phosphorus fertilizer. Mimosa invisa compost were used in four rates- 1 (M1), 5 (M2), 10 (M3) and 15 (M4) t ha-1. Five rates of phosphorus fertilizer were: ‘no’ phosphorus (P0), 25% RDP (P1), 50% RDP (P2), 75% RDP (P3) and 100% recommended dose phosphorus (TSP @ 85 kg ha-1) (P4). The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Mimosa invisa compost had significant effect on the crop characters except number of branches plant-1. The highest seed yield (1435.33 kg ha-1) was observed in M2 treatment (5 t ha-1) and the lowest seed yield (1220 kg ha-1) was observed in M4 treatment (15 t ha-1). Phosphorus had a significant effect on all the plant characters. The highest seed yield (1464.17 kg ha-1) was observed in P4 treatment (100% RDP) and the lowest was observed in P0 treatment. The interaction effect of Mimosa invisa compost and phosphorus on the yield of lentil was significant. The highest seed yield was observed (1630 kg ha-1) in M2×P4 treatment and the lowest was in M3×P0 treatment (1000 kg ha-1). Keywords: Lentil; Mimosa invisa compost; phosphorus; yield; yield components DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9480 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&2): 63-72
Efficacy of Different Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Yield and Yield Attributes of Boro Rice
Authors: Hossaen MA , Shamsuddoha ATM , Paul AK , Bhuiyan MSI , Zobaer ASM 
Published: January 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on the yield and yield attributes of Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment consisted of 8 treatments, T0: Control, T1: 100% N100P15K45S20 (Recommended dose), T2: 50% NPKS + 5 t cowdung ha-1, T3: 70% NPKS + 3 t cowdung ha-1, T4: 50% NPKS + 4 t poultry manure ha-1, T5: 70% NPKS + 2.4 t poultry manure ha-1, T6: 50% NPKS + 5 t vermicompost ha-1and T7: 70% NPKS + 3 t vermicompost ha-1. At 30, 50, 70, 90 DAT and at harvest stage the tallest plant (24.18, 31.34, 44.67, 67.05 and 89.00 cm) and the greatest number of total tiller per hill (5.43, 11.64, 21.01 and 17.90) at same DAT was recorded from T5 and the lowest was observed from T0 in every aspect. The maximum number of effective tillers per hill (13.52), the longest panicle (24.59 cm), maximum number of total grain per plant (97.45), the highest weight of 1000 seeds (21.80 g), the maximum grain yield (7.30 t ha-1) and straw yield (7.64 t ha-1) was recorded from T5 treatment whereas the lowest number of effective tillers per hill (6.07) , the shortest panicle (16.45 cm) , the minimum total grain per plant (69.13) , the lowest weight of 1000 seeds (16.73 g), the lowest grain yield (2.06 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.63 t ha-1) was observed from T0 treatment. Although the highest biological yield was recorded from T5 treatment but statistically similar result were found from T3, T4 and T7 treatments. The highest harvest index also recorded for T5 treatment. It was obvious that yield of rice can be increased substantially with the judicious application of organic manure with chemical fertilizer. Keywords: Cowdung; poultry manure; vermicompost; NPKS; yield; yield contributing characters; boro rice DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9486 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&2): 117-125
Genetic variation of some quantitative traits in ten exotic varieties of silkworm, <i>Bombyx mori</i> L.
Authors: Ahsan Md Kamrul , Rahman SM 
Published: January 2012

An investigation was conducted with ten exotic varieties of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. to estimate variability, heritability and genetic advance for nine quantitative characters. A wide range of variation was observed for the majority of the traits and a major portion of the total phenotypic variation was of genetic in nature. The maximum phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was found in filament length (21.45, 21.44) and the minimum in hatching percentage (1.52, 1.44), respectively. A moderate to high heritability was recorded for these varieties. Filament length showed the highest heritability (99.98). A comparatively high heritability accompanied by a high genetic advance was also noted for majority of the traits. Substantial variability, high heritability and high genetic advance for filament length, weight of mature larvae, total number of eggs laid per female and effective rate of rearing by weight recorded in this study would afford scope for effective selection. Key words: Bombyx mori; genetic variation; exotic varieties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v29i1.9469 UJZRU 2010; 29(1): 65-67
D'un romanesque à contre-temps : (Jean-) Renaud Camus
Authors: Buisine Alain 
Published: January 2012

« About an "Out of time" novel aesthetics: (Jean-)Renaud Camus. »
At the turning point between today time and New Novel, Buisine details the analysis of Renaud Camus' aesthetics: fiction becoming its own peculiar fiction, in the lastest modern style, but paying respects to the all classical rules and making use of traditional situations. History itself can't get in the roman except as a simulacrum, and, in the end, novel only lives if it is blending with the impossible shape of itself.
La poésie aux âges de la vie
Authors: Lala Marie-Christine 
Published: January 2012

The poetry of Michel Leiris is closely linked to his constant quest for
authentic forms of experience and human reality.
From surrealism, from which he rapidly turned away, through ethnography and the continuous production of autobiography, the impetus of this side of Leiris' work, which is frequently likened to tauromachy, leads the reader ever further into the most intimate phantasms of poetic creativity. The obsessive fear of the wound bites into man and language alike, sending out as it does so sparks of beauty. The chant of the poem scans to the rhythms of human suffering to rise up finally in its entirety.
« Au pied du mur de la réalité » : Leiris et la peinture
Authors: Maubon Catherine 
Published: January 2012

Ut pictura poiesis... Painting, with its promise of revelation, is
for Leiris not so much a springboard for speculation as a listening-post through which he attempts to seize, first through the discursive process of reading and then that of writing, that overwhelming sense of presence which was, from the beginning, his criterion of a work of art. Talking about painting, be it that of Picasso, Masson, Bacon, Miré or Giacommetti is, for Leiris, simply another way of talking about writing, about what writing might have been or what it should be. In the late 1920s, the 'realist' paintings of Picasso provided Leiris with a way out of the impasse of surrealism. Equally, in the years commonly referred to as his 'tauromachy' period, Leiris' definition of an aesthetics of distortion makes frequent and obvious reference to the paintings of Masson which also gave impetusto the move towards autobiography in the post-war period. More recently, the works of Bacon raise again the question of presence which in fact has always been for Leiris a central preoccupation.
Cristallisation et recristallisation
Authors: Laszlo Pierre 
Published: January 2012

Crystallization and recrystallization.
To depict a budding love Stendhal in "De l'Amour" introduces a crystallisation
metaphor. The image is from a twig abandoned in the depths of a salt mine and recovered adorned with a myriad of sparkling crystals. This essay places this analogy at the confluence of the chemical science contemporary with Stendhal, and of a Literary tradition that nurtured mythical properties of crystals, such as their purity, or their protracted incubation within the wonb of Mother Earth. The scientific bent of Stendhal made him devise such a crystallisation model. Finally a discussion of the science-literature paradigm is offered. The mute parts of the scientific discourse are those to focus inquiry on, it is submitted.
La métamorphose des plantes
Authors: Lacoste Jean 
Published: January 2012

The metamorphosis of plants.
Although Wittgenstein in a study on philosophy and literature, "Remarks on Frazer's Golden Bough", quotes in an apparently derogatory manner a line from Goethe's "Metamorphosis of Plants" (« And so the choir hints a secret law ») so as to illustrate the rationalistic positivism of Frazer's approach to facts, there are striking similarities between Goethe and Wittgenstein' s positions towards knowledge.
Une quête de l'origine ? Identité et parcours spatial dans Le Vice-Consul de Marguerite Duras
Authors: de Chalonge Florence 
Published: January 2012

A quest of origins? Identity and spatial displacement in Marguerite Duras' "Vice-consul".
The story of the young female beggar, inserted in the "Vice-Consul", is a pseudo-myth of origins: there is no goal for her to attain. But when she has ceased to move she is absorbed back into an « origin » as she disappears into the Ganges. She is then the ideal prey for the imaginary of the men in the "Vice- Consul", who comment on her story as if the story of a beggar had to be the myth of the origins of women.
Proust : nouvelles éditions et enjeux critiques
Authors: Mahuzier Brigitte 
Published: January 2012

Proust : new editions, new readings.
« Editing Proust : Yesterday, To-day and Perhaps Tomorrow » (Elyane Desçon-Jones) retraces Proust's editorial history, and emphasises Proust's authorial intentions as they now appear. Antoine Compagnon asks "What can no longer be said about Proust" in three areas of literary criticism. In « The Cycle of Sodom and Gomorrha : Notes on the Sequence of Books in Remembrance of Things Past », Nathalie Mauriac Dyer centers on the posthumous publication of the long version of "Albertine disparue" : it eliminated the "Sodom and Gomorrha" cycle Proust was expanding, and created a bloated episode — and a critical lure. « The Tidings brought to Marcel » (Brigitte Mabuzier), using preparatory works published in the new Pléiade edition, analyses the topos of annunciation in "Remembrance". « New Editions, New Readings : The Formidable Game With Time » (Inge Wimmers) takes up what Ricœur thought to be at stake in fiction — the creation of « a fictitious experience of time » : do the new editions offer a new experience of time ?
L'ordinateur et la critique littéraire
Authors: Delany Paul 
Published: January 2012

Computer and literary criticism.
Early hopes in a computer-aided scientific literary criticism have long since faded. Further, the computer's performance of any set task has proved less significant than its creation of a new kind of mental environment. Hypertext has thus elicited new metaphors supporting post-structuralist criticism and added an extra dimension to narrative writing. The digitisation of texts and the globalisation of networks are likely to be the air that criticism will breathe by the year 2000.
Poésies en machinations
Authors: Bootz Philippe 
Published: January 2012

Poems in machinations.
After a short account of the different stages of electronic poetry (data-processing, video) from the
80 's to the present time, the views most commonly expressed by authors are compared. The status of the text and the reader is then shown to undergo from A.L.A.M.O. to L.A.I. R.E. an emphatic shift in its perception.