bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscape changes and watershed erosion in Prince George's County, Maryland
Authors: Stribling James B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated erosion rates and sediment production in streams, and factors potentially influencing them throughout the Anacostia, Patuxent, and Potomac (non‐Anacostia) River watersheds within Prince George's County, Maryland, US. As part of the County's watershed‐scale biological monitoring program, from approx. 1999 to 2008, permanent monuments were established to allow measurement of stream channel cross‐sectional (XS) area. The intent of this study was to characterize the intensity and spatial distribution of fluvial geomorphic instability across the county and use the results to target and plan stormwater management and stream restoration actions. For this study, 78 stream locations were re‐surveyed in 2020, representing a time lapse of from 12 to 21 years. Data collected included XS dimensions, modified Wolman 100‐particle pebble counts, and reach‐specific soil bulk density. Land use/land cover data were compiled from the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD), precipitation from the National Weather Service Center for Environmental Information (NCEI), and soils from the Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey (NRCS/WSS). We calculated percent change in XS area, rates of erosion, sediment yield, and assigned geomorphic classifications, and interpreted them in the context of spatial positions relative to changes in land cover characteristics. Sediment yields among the 78 reaches exhibited a combination of those undergoing enlargement/erosion (67.9%), reduction/deposition (25.6%), and the remaining 6.4% with essentially no change over the period of record. Of the top 20 most geomorphically active reaches surveyed in the County, 12 are in the Anacostia River basin, with the other scattered among the Patuxent River and Potomac River basins.
Comparative Study of New A3 and A2B Aluminum Corroles by Absorption and Charge Transport Properties
Authors: Salas Felipe , Sanhueza Luis , Dreyse Paulina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNew materials for applications in energy conversion systems as solar cells or lighting devices, avoiding expensive and scarce metals is desirable, therefore, aluminum corroles appear as alternative, since these compounds are relatively less expensive, and the electronic modulation appears as an interesting tuning to achieve good performance in optical devices. In this sense, this research presents a theoretical study of new aluminum corroles containing electron‐withdrawing substituents on the meso‐carbons of the macrocycle. The first family of corroles comprises three A3 structures (AlCo1, AlCo2 and AlCo3) that contain NO2‐phenyl and CF3‐phenyl substituents, and the second family comprises three A2B structures (AlCo4, AlCo5 and AlCo6) with a pyrenyl substituent on the 10 meso‐carbon. All the calculations were obtained by Density Functional Theory using B3LYP functional and 6‐31G(d,p) basis set for all atoms evaluating their geometrical parameters, absorption properties and injection/transport charge transfer processes. The results show that the corroles have strong absorption processes extended from blue to near infrared region, being favored the absorption shifted to red in A2B structures and with para NO2‐phenyl substituents. Furthermore, the calculated charge transfer processes showed interesting values demonstrating that these macrocyclic compounds could be useful for optoelectronic applications such as solar cells or lighting devices.
Nymphaea Alba for Resistive Switching Devices: Exploring the Non‐Volatile Memory and Neuromorphic Computing Applications of the Plant Leaves
Authors: Babar Pooja , Patil Pradnya , Patil Amitkumar R. , Jadhav Bhavana , Ghadage Rhushikesh , Kondalwade Meghana , Attar Suraj , Kamat Rajanish K. , Dongale Tukaram D. , Kamble Santosh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiomaterial‐based resistive switching memory is one promising technology that could significantly impact the current direction of non‐volatile memory and neuromorphic computing. Given this, we report the fabrication of a resistive switching (RS) device based on Nymphaea Alba as an active switching layer and investigate its RS properties for memory and neuromorphic computing applications. The Nymphaea Alba switching layer was deposited by the conventional doctor blade method. Further, this is characterized by various analytical techniques. The fabricated device showed bipolar RS behavior and demonstrated good non‐volatile memory properties. Additionally, the device mimics various synaptic properties of the human brain, such as potentiation‐depression, Excitatory post‐synaptic current (EPSC), and Paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF). The charge‐flux relation reveals the non‐ideal memristor‐type behavior of the device. The Ohmic and Child's square law dominates the conduction of the device and the filamentary process responsible for the RS process of the device. These results show that the Nymphaea Alba is a promising biomaterial for non‐volatile memory applications.
Convergent Synthesis of a Pentasaccharide Containing a Rare Sugar 4‐amino‐4‐deoxy‐D‐fucose Related to the Cell Wall O‐polysaccharide of Acinetobacter baumannii 90
Authors: Sahaji Samim , Kumar Misra Anup 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA convenient synthetic strategy has been developed for the synthesis of a pentasaccharide related to the cell wall O‐polysaccharide of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) 90 in very good yield applying a stereoselective [3+2] block glycosylation reaction. The synthesis of the target pentasaccharide was challenging due to the presence of a rare sugar, 4‐amino‐4‐deoxy‐D‐fucose and several α‐glycosidic linkages in it. The construction of 1,2‐cis glycosyl linkages were achieved using a combination of copper(II) bromide and tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide (TBAB) or a combination of N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS) and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) as thiophilic glycosylation activator. Perchloric acid supported over silica (HClO4‐SiO2) mediated orthogonal glycosylation reaction has been carried out using glycosyl trichloroacetimidate derivative as donor and thioglycoside as acceptor.
Heterogeneous CuS QDs/BiVO4@Y2O2S Nanoreactor for Monitorable Photocatalysis
Authors: Guo Da , Jiang Shuwen , Shen Lifan , Pun Edwin Yue Bun , Lin Hai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExploration of multifunctional integrated catalysts is of great significance for photocatalysis toward practical application. Herein, a 1D confined nanoreactor with a heterogeneous core–shell structure is designed for synergies of efficient catalysis and temperature monitoring by custom encapsulation of Z‐scheme heterojunction CuS quantum dots/BiVO4 (CuS QDs/BiVO4) and Y2O2S‐Er, Yb. The dispersed active sites created by the QDs with high surface energy improve the mass transfer efficiency, and the efficient electron transport channels at the heterogeneous interface extend the carrier lifetime, which endows the nanoreactor with excellent catalytic performance. Meanwhile, real‐time temperature monitoring is realized based on the thermally coupled levels 2H11/2/4S3/2→4I15/2 of Er3+ using fluorescence intensity ratio, which enables the monitorable photocatalysis. Furthermore, the nanoreactor with a multidimensional structure increases effective intermolecular collisions to facilitate the catalytic process by restricting the reaction within distinct enclosed spaces and circumvents potential unknown interaction effects. The design of multi‐space nanoconfined reactors opens up a new avenue to modulate catalyst function, providing a unique perspective for photocatalytic applications in the mineralization of organic pollutants, hydrogen production, and nitrogen fixation.
Ammonium Sulfate to Modulate Crystallization for High‐Performance Rigid and Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zou Yuqin , Song Qili , Zhou Jungui , Yin Shanshan , Li Yanan , Apfelbeck Fabian A. C. , Zheng Tianle , Fung Man‐Keung , Mu Cheng , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attracting widespread research and attention as highly promising candidates in the field of electronic photovoltaics owing to their exceptional power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, rigid or flexible PSCs still face challenges in preparing full‐coverage and low‐defect perovskite films, as well as achieving highly reproducible and highly stable devices. Herein, a multifunctional additive 2‐aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate (AES) is designed to regulate the film crystallization and thereby form flat and pinhole‐free perovskite films. It is found that the introduction of AES can effectively passivate defects, restrain charge carrier recombination, and then achieve a higher fill factor. As seen with grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS), this approach does not affect the crystal orientation distribution. It is observed that AES addition shows a universality across different perovskite components since the PCE is improved up to 20.7% for FA0.97MA0.03Pb(I0.97Br0.03)3‐AES, 22.85% for Cs0.05FA0.95PbI3‐AES, 22.23% for FAPbI2.7Br0.3‐AES, and 23.32% for FAPI‐AES rigid devices. Remarkably, the non‐encapsulated flexible Cs0.05 (FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 device with AES additive delivers a PCE of 20.1% and maintains over 97% of its initial efficiency under ambient conditions (25 ± 5% relative humidity) over 2280 h of aging.
Zero Voltage‐Degradation of Li2MnO3 with Ultrathin Amorphous Li─Mn─O Coating
Authors: Liu Shiqi , Wan Jie , Wang Boya , Li Chenghan , Wang Yulong , Wang Lin , Wu Haipeng , Zhang Nian , Zhang Xu , Yu Haijun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractManganese‐based lithium‐rich layered oxides (Mn‐LLOs) are promising candidate cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, however, the severe voltage decay during cycling is the most concern for their practical applications. Herein, an Mn‐based composite nanostructure constructed Li2MnO3 (LMO@Li2MnO3) is developed via an ultrathin amorphous functional oxide LixMnOy coating at the grain surface. Due to the thin and universal LMO amorphous surface layer etched from the lithiation process by the high‐concentration alkaline solution, the structural and interfacial stability of Li2MnO3 are enhanced apparently, showing the significantly improved voltage maintenance, cycle stability, and energy density. In particular, the LMO@Li2MnO3 cathode exhibits zero voltage decay over 200 cycles. Combining with ex situ spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, the Mn2+/4+ coexisted behavior of the amorphous LMO is revealed, which enables the stable electrochemistry of Li2MnO3. This work provides new possible routes for suppressing the voltage decay of Mn‐LLOs by modifying with the composite functional unit construction.
Evolutionary patterns of DNA base composition at polymorphic sites highlight the role of the environment in shaping barley and rice genomes
Authors: Gou Xiangjian , Shao Yang , Wang Xiao , Shi Haoran , Yu Jianming , Li Xianran , Guo Tingting 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInsights into changes in genome base composition underlying crop domestication can be gained by using comparative genomics. With this approach, previous studies have reported that crop genomes during domestication accumulate more nucleotides adenine (A) and thymine (T) (termed as [AT]‐increase) across polymorphic sites. However, the potential influence of the environment or its factors, for example, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and temperature, on the [AT]‐increase has not been well elucidated. Here, we investigated the [AT]‐increase in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) and the association with natural environments, where accessions are distributed. With 12,798,376 and 2,861,535 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from 368 barley and 1375 rice accessions, respectively, we discovered that [AT] increases from wild accessions to improved cultivars, and genomic regions with larger [AT]‐increase tend to have higher UV‐related motif frequencies, suggesting solar UV radiation as a potential factor in driving genome variation. To link [AT] change with the geographic distribution, we gathered georeferenced accessions and examined their local environments. Interestingly, negative correlations between [AT] and environmental factors were observed (r = −0.39 ∼ −0.75) and modern accessions with higher [AT] values, as compared with wild relatives, are from the environments with lower solar UV radiation or lower temperature. With [AT] and environmental factors as phenotypes, genome‐wide association mapping identified three candidate genes that have the potential to contribute to [AT] variation under the effect of environmental conditions. Our findings provide genomic and environmental insights into evolutionary pattern of DNA base composition and underlying mechanisms.
Evaluation of the restorative effect of ozone and chitosan–hyaluronic acid with and without mesenchymal stem cells on wound healing in rats
Authors: Shabani Mahshid , Sharifi Siavash , Karimi Iraj , Shirian Sadegh , Fadaei Milad , Mirzaei Esmaeil 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of ozone, chitosan–hyaluronic (Cs–HA) acid and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on wound healing in rats. A total of 64 rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, ozone, Cs–HA + ozone and Cs–HA + ozone + MSCs. A 5 mm full‐thickness wound was created on the back of each rat. The wound area was measured macroscopically on days 3, 5, 9 and 14. Tissue sections were prepared for histopathological evaluation of inflammation, collagen arrangement, neovascularization and epithelial tissue rearrangement. Macroscopic assessment showed differences in wound area on days 5, 9 and 14. Histopathological examination showed that the Cs–HA + ozone + MSCs and Cs–HA + ozone groups had significantly higher vascularization on day 3 compared to the ozone‐treated and control groups. All treatment groups had significantly better collagen arrangement than the control group. On day 5, no significant difference was observed between different groups. On day 9, the inflammation level in the Cs–HA + ozone + MSCs group was significantly lower than in the other groups. All treatment groups had significantly better vascularization compared to the control group. On day 14, the rate of inflammation was significantly lower in the treatment groups than in the control group. Significantly higher collagen arrangement levels were observed in the Cs–HA + ozone and Cs–HA + ozone + MSCs groups compared to the control and ozone groups. All treatment groups had significantly better epithelial tissue rearrangement than the control group. Overall, the results of this study indicated that treatment with ozone, Cs–HA acid, Cs–HA and MSCs accelerated wound healing in rats. The effect of using Cs–HA acid with mesenchymal cells was better than the other types of treatment. Larger clinical trials are needed to assess these factors for improving chronic wound treatment.
Effects of swimming activity and feed restriction on antioxidant and digestive enzymes in juvenile rainbow trout: Implications for nutritional and exercise strategies in aquaculture
Authors: Tunçelli Gökhan , Ertik Onur , Bayrak Bertan Boran , Memiş Devrim , Yanardag Refiye 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we investigated the effects of swimming activity and feed restriction on digestion and antioxidant enzyme activities in juvenile rainbow trout (average body weight of 26.54 ± 0.36 g).MethodsThe stomach, liver and kidney tissues were obtained from four distinct groups: the static water group (fish were kept in static water and fed to satiation), the feeding restricted group (fish were kept in static water with a 25% feed restriction), the swimming exercised group (fish were forced to swimming at a flow rate of 1 Body Length per second (BL/s)) and the swimming exercised‐feed restricted group (subjected to swimming exercise at a 1 BL/s flow rate along with a 25% feed restriction). We determined the levels of glutathione, lipid peroxidation and the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as the presence of reactive oxygen species in the tissues obtained from the fish. Additionally, the activities of pepsin, protease, lipase and arginase in these tissues were measured.ResultsSwimming activity and feed restriction showed different effects on the enzyme activities of the fish in the experimental groups.ConclusionIt can be concluded that proper nutrition and exercise positively influence the antioxidant system and enzyme activities in fish, reducing the formation of free radicals. This situation is likely to contribute to the fish's development.
Bilateral renal dysplasia in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Gilbert Sayrah , Lennox Angela , Johnson‐Delaney Cathy , Biswell Ethan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRenal dysplasia is a histological diagnosis characterised by disorganised architecture of the renal cortex and medulla with disrupted nephron differentiation and primitive ducts surrounded by collarettes of the mesenchymal tissue. This condition has been reported once previously in ferrets as a component of multiple congenital abnormalities of the urogenital tract. A 1.5‐year‐old, male, neutered ferret was presented after being found minimally responsive under a fallen shelf in its enclosure. The ferret was obtunded, with mild intermittent muscle tremors and severe dehydration. Survey radiographs, including thoracic and abdominal ventrodorsal and right and left lateral views, were performed to assess for general trauma. The right renal silhouette was normal in size, and the left was moderately reduced. The capsular margins of both renal silhouettes were moderately undulating and mildly indistinct with perirenal retroperitoneal striations. No signs of trauma or other abnormalities were identified. Whole blood biochemical analysis demonstrated elevated creatinine, elevated blood urea nitrogen, hypernatraemia, hypercalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia and hyperproteinemia characterised by hyperalbuminemia and haemoconcentration. The hypernatraemia and mentation failed to improve with intravenous fluid therapy, and the ferret was euthanased. Bilateral renal dysplasia was confirmed via gross postmortem examination and histopathology.
Ferroelectric Order in the Chiral Coordination Polymers [Ln2(L*)2(ox)2(H2O)2] with Ln=Gd3+ or Dy3+, L*=((S, S)‐1,3‐bis(1‐Carboxylethyl)imidazolium and Ox=Oxalate.
Authors: Farger P. , Leuvrey C. , Lenertz M. , Taupier G. , Dorkenoo K. D. , Ihiawakrim D. , Cherifi‐Hertel S. , Rogez G. , Rabu P. , Delahaye E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe evidence the ferroelectricity of two isostructural magnetic coordination networks obtained from a chiral imidazolium dicarboxylate salt ((S, S)‐1,3‐bis(1‐carboxylethyl)imidazolium or [HL*]) and Gd3+ or Dy3+ ions in presence of oxalic acid (H2ox). The two compounds exhibit a chiral structure P1 and ferroelectric properties. The crystallographic study shows that the Dy based‐compound is isostructural to the Gd analog. The non‐centrosymmetry of the two samples was further checked by means of nonlinear optical spectroscopy. The room temperature ferroelectric character of the compounds has been investigated through by an original method, derived from that used for thin films, made possible by preparing the sample as thin slices of resin containing inclusions of the coordination compounds.
‘Urban-itarian’ Ecologies after Displacement from Syria
Authors: Carpi Estella 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOver the last decade, displacement from conflict-ridden Syria has converged with an increasing emphasis on the ‘urban-humanitarian’ nexus. Humanitarian actors have focused on urban livelihoods as refugees mainly move to cities in search of employment and a predominantly camp-based mode of assistance has turned into support for urban refugees, internally displaced people, and local urban dwellers. Within this framework, the politics of international humanitarianism has inscribed itself in cities and towns, generating layered ‘urban-itarian’ ecologies. Considering vernacular definitions of ‘urban’ and ‘urban actors’, this chapter discusses encounters and missed encounters between the urban and the humanitarian worlds. Drawing on different case-studies since 2016 in six sites across Lebanon, Türkiye, and Jordan – all primary destinations for refugees from Syria – it shows how ‘urbanising’ humanitarianism, when insufficiently responsive to local specificities, has tended to result in poorly attuned humanitarian programming. My multisite-based observations suggest that people lead hybrid lifestyles while developing complex livelihood strategies, building their worlds across the urban and the rural. In light of this, the working concept of ‘urban-itarian’ does not intend to mark those spaces as exclusively or predominantly urban; but, rather, as an interface where humanitarian and urban actors and negotiations end up marginalising or assimilating the rural and the peri-urban, regardless of environmental complexities.
Immigration Policy and Less-Favoured Regions and Cities: Comparing Urban Atlantic Canada and the US Rust Belt
Authors: Pottie-Sherman Yolande 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere is a growing interest in immigrant receiving countries like Canada and the United States in spreading the benefits of immigration to less-favoured regions and cities that face a myriad of demographic and economic challenges associated with aging or shrinking populations, slow growth, and economic decline. This chapter uses the cases of Atlantic Canada and the US Rust Belt to examine two different approaches to immigration and uneven development. In Canada, place-based immigration programmes explicitly encourage immigration to Atlantic Canada while immigrant integration is supported through ‘top-down’ federally-funded settlement, multiculturalism, and citizenship programmes. Conversely, in the US, efforts to use immigration to address spatial inequality are happening outside of formal policy channels from the ‘bottom-up’, driven by networks of local business associations and non-profit organisations that increasingly promote immigration as a tool of economic revitalisation in the Rust Belt. Drawing on several years of fieldwork in both regions involving participant observation at immigration summits and conventions, stakeholder interviews, and media and document analysis, this chapter considers the implications of these diverging approaches. Ultimately, dynamic regions need dynamic solutions, and cities in these regions provide a roadmap for understanding the role of immigration in addressing uneven development.
Rehearsing Emergency Scenarios: Using Space Syntax and Intelligent Mobility Modelling for Scenario Visualisation and Disaster Preparedness
Authors: Ostwald Michael J. , Waller S. Travis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExtreme climate events require people to rapidly navigate dynamically changing environments. Wildfires and floods alter the landscape, blocking roads, destroying landmarks and turning the built environment and infrastructure into potential hazards. While various computational methods exist for modelling the ways people move through buildings, urban spaces and transportation networks, there are relatively few examples of these being applied to natural disasters. Moreover, these methods have unexploited potential to support real-time simulation and visualisation of the evolving impacts of climate emergencies. This chapter reviews advanced research using two computational approaches—space syntax and intelligent mobility modelling (IMM)—to visualise the interaction between people, the built environment and infrastructure. These approaches support the simulation of diverse scales of spatial interactions, from individuals to entire populations. Combining examples from the authors of research in these fields with practices and concepts from the arts, this chapter highlights the ways new applications of these methods can support stakeholders’s needs for disaster responsiveness, rehearsal and preparedness.