bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The response of filamentous fungus Rhizopus nigricans to flavonoids
Authors: Slana Marko , Žigon Dušan , Makovec Tomaž , Lenasi Helena 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe saprophytic fungus Rhizopus nigricans constitutes a serious problem when thriving on gathered crops. The identification of any compounds, especially natural ones, that inhibit fungal growth, may therefore be important. During its life cycle, Rhizopus nigricans encounters many compounds, among them the flavonoids, plant secondary metabolites that are involved in plant defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Although not being a plant pathogen, Rhizopus nigricans may interact with these compounds in the same way as plant pathogens – in response to the fungitoxic effect of flavonoids the fungi transform them into less toxic metabolites. We have studied the interaction of R. nigricans with some flavonoids. Inhibition of hyphal spreading (from 3% to 100%) was observed by 300 μM flavones, flavanones and isoflavones, irrespective of their basic structure, oxidized or reduced C‐ring, and orientation of the B‐ring. However, a hydrophobic A‐ring was important for the toxicity. R. nigricans transformed some of the flavonoids into glucosylated products. Recognition of substrates for glucosylating enzyme(s) did not correlate with their fungitoxic effect but depended exclusively on the presence of a free –OH group in the flavonoid A‐ring and of a hydrophobic B‐ring. Although the fungus produced glucosyltransferase constitutively, an additional amount of the enzyme was induced by the substrate flavonoid. Moreover, effective detoxification was shown to require the presence of glucose. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Purification, characterization and thermodynamics of antifungal protease from Streptomyces sp. A6
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar , Chhatpar Hari S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA 20 kDa antifungal serine protease from Streptomyces sp. A6 was purified to 34.56 folds by gel permeation chromatography. The enzyme exhibited highest activity at neutral to near alka‐ line pH 7–9 and 55 °C. Neutral surfactant triton X‐100 enhanced the activity by 4.12 fold. The protease activity also increased (109.9–119%) with increasing concentration of urea (2–8 mole/l). The enzyme was identified as serine protease with 67% similarity to SFase 2 of Streptomyces fradiae by MALDI‐LC‐MS/MS analysis. Determination of kinetic constants km, Vmax, kcat and kcat/km suggested higher affinity of enzyme for N‐Suc‐Ala‐Ala‐Val‐Ala‐p NA (synthetic substrate for chymotrypsin activity). The enzyme was highly stable at temperature prevailing under field conditions (40 °C) as apparent from Kd and t1/2 values, 0.0065 and 106.75 min, respectively and high ΔG* and negative ΔS * values, 87.17 KJ/mole and –126.95 J/mole, respectively. Thermal stability and increased activity of protease in presence of commonly used chemical fertilizer, urea, suggested its feasibility for agricultural applications. The present study is the first report on thermodynamic and kinetic properties of an antifungal protease from Streptomyces sp. A6. The study reflects potential of this enzyme for biocontrol of fungal plant pathogens. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rhamnolipid from Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM‐2112 and its role in the degradation of Brown 3REL
Authors: Jadhav Mital , Kalme Satish , Tamboli Dhawal , Govindwar Sanjay 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112 (Pd 2112) was confirmed as rhamnolipid based on the formation of dark blue halos around the colonies in CTAB‐methylene blue agar plates and the content of rhamnose sugar. The average yield of rhamnolipid was 0.398 g/l/day when grown on hexadecane as sole carbon source. Pd 2112 emulsification potential associated with cell free culture broth was stable for 72 h using various hydrocarbons and vegetable oils. Chemical structure of the biosurfactant was identified as mono‐rhamnolipid (Rha‐C6–C8) using HPTLC, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR and gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy analysis. Pd 2112 mono‐rhamnolipid (1 mg/ml) had in‐creased permeabilization of Bacillus sp VUS NCIM 5342 and increased decolorization rate of textile dye Brown 3REL by 50%. Extracellular activities of lignin peroxidase and veratryl alcohol oxidase, enzymes involved in dye degradation, were significantly increased in the presence of mono‐rhamnolipid by 324.52% and 100% respectively. Scanning electron micro‐scopy observations revealed that rhamnolipid did not exert any disruptive action on Bacillus cells as compared to Tween 80. The mono‐rhamnolipid of Pd 2112 has potential for its application in biodegradation of textile dyes. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A study on significant microbial interaction leading to decolorization and degradation of textile dye Rubine 3GP
Authors: Phugare Swapnil S. , Kagalkar Anuradha N. , Govindwar Sanjay P. , Jadhav Jyoti P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe present study evaluates an obligatory interaction between the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3312 and the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain BCH3 for the biodegradation of the dye Rubin 3GP (R3GP). No significant degradation of R3GP was observed either by Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3312 or by Pseudomonas sp. strain BCH3, when both the cultures were tested individually under their respective optimum medium conditions. However, when both of them were allowed to intermingle with each other, R3GP was found to be degraded within 72 h, with a steady increase in β ‐1,3‐glucanase, chitinase and protease activity in the culture supernatant; indicating the possible role of Pseudomonas sp. strain BCH3 in cell wall lysis of S. cerevisiae NCIM 3312. The present study elucidates a rare microbial interaction where the bacterium Pseu‐domonas sp. strain BCH3 utilizes lysed yeast cells as the sole source of nutrients for its own growth and subsequently performs decolorization and degradation of R3GP. Enzymatic status showed involvement of various oxidoreductive enzymes like lignin peroxidase, laccase, DCIP reductase and azo reductase, indicating their role in decolorization and degradation of R3GP. Degradation was confirmed using HPLC, FTIR analysis and the biochemical pathway of degradation was elucidated by using GC‐MS analysis. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wax ester‐like compounds as biosurfactants produced by Dietzia maris from n ‐alkane as a sole carbon source
Authors: Nakano Miyo , Kihara Masaki , Iehata Shunpei , Tanaka Reiji , Maeda Hiroto , Yoshikawa Takeshi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe hydrocarbon‐degrading bacterium Dietzia maris WR‐3 was isolated from a consortium comprising ammonia‐oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria derived from marine sediments. Here, we examined biosurfactant production by strain WR‐3 when cultured using several different carbon (D‐glucose, n ‐decane, n ‐hexadecane, motor oil, olive oil, and rapeseed oil) and nitrogen (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3, yeast extract, and polypeptone) sources as growth substrates. Strain WR‐3 was able to grow and reduce the surface tension of culture broth to 31±1.0 mN m–1 when cultured using n ‐hexadecane and nitrate ions. The surface‐active compounds produced by strain WR‐3 were extracted and analyzed by thin layer chromatography. Moreover, the main components in the extract were further purified and subjected to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). From the analysis, the surface‐active compounds were tentatively identified as wax ester‐like compounds, which were synthesized from the degradation process of n ‐alkane. The production of surface‐active compounds by strain WR‐3 promoted attachment of cells to hydrocarbon droplets via increased cell hydrophobicity, thus allowing enhanced degradation of water immiscible substrates. As Dietzia spp. can grow and produce wax esters from the degradation process of hydrocarbons, these marine bacteria are potentially useful for the bioremediation of hydrocarbon‐contaminated environments. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fatty acid and hydrocarbon composition in tropical marine Shewanella amazonensis strain SB2BT
Authors: Motoigi Taro , Okuyama Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractShewanella amazonensis strain SB2BT is an isolate from shallow‐water marine sediments derived from the Amazon River delta. This bacterium contained a long‐chain polyunsaturated hydrocarbon, all‐cis ‐3,6,9,12,16,19,22,25,28 hentriacontanonaene (C31:9), constituting 1–2% of the total fatty acid methyl ester and hydrocarbon fraction, which was produced dependently of decreased growth temperature. Analysis of its cellular fatty acid composition demonstrated that isopentadecanoic acid was the major fatty acid component and that all the main monounsaturated fatty acids had straight chains with a cis configuration. However, monoenoic cyclopropyl fatty acids, which were previously reported to be present in this bacterium, were not detected by mass spectrometric analysis. The growth temperature affected the content of Δ9‐cis ‐hexadecenoic [16:1(Δ9c)], palmitic, and heptadecanoic acids. These results suggest that C31:9, as well as 16:1(Δ9c) might be involved in adaptation to low temperature in S. amazonensis strain SB2BT. Our result suggests that polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase protein complex may be involved in synthesis of C31:9 but not in production of eicosapentaenoic acid. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A role for CD95 signaling in ischemia/reperfusion‐induced invasion and outgrowth of colorectal micrometastases in mouse liver
Authors: Nijkamp Maarten W. , Hoogwater Frederik J.H. , Govaert Klaas M. , Steller Ernst J.A. , Verheem Andre , Kranenburg Onno , Borel Rinkes Inne H.M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundIschemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the liver is associated with accelerated outgrowth of micrometastases. The aim of the study was to test the role of CD95 signaling in accelerated outgrowth of colorectal liver metastases following I/R.MethodsMice underwent vascular clamping 5 days after induction of colorectal liver metastases. Invasion and outgrowth of micrometastases following I/R were analyzed by post‐mortem confocal microscopy (36 hr post‐I/R) and by morphometric assessment of tumor load (5 days post‐I/R), respectively. Tumor cell CD95 was suppressed by lentiviral RNA interference. The contribution of host CD95L was assessed by using gld‐mice lacking functional CD95L.ResultsCD95‐knockdown in tumor cells strongly reduced perinecrotic invasion (tumor diameter from ∼830 to ∼470 µm) and largely prevented outgrowth acceleration of perinecrotic liver metastases following I/R (from ∼8‐ to ∼4.5‐fold). In gld‐mice, the relative hepatic area with necrosis was markedly reduced. Perinecrotic tumor cell clusters still displayed an invasive phenotype (tumor diameter of ∼980 µm). However, I/R‐induced acceleration of tumor outgrowth was reduced in gld‐mice from ∼8‐ to ∼5‐fold.ConclusionsI/R induces invasion and accelerated outgrowth of preestablished metastases in a CD95‐dependent manner. Activation of the CD95 system following I/R not only contributes to liver injury, but may also promote aggressive tumor recurrence. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;104:198–204. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychophysiological characteristics of PTSD in children and adolescents: A review of the literature
Authors: Kirsch Veronica , Wilhelm Frank H. , Goldbeck Lutz 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis review summarizes studies investigating psychophysiological alterations associated with pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The authors conducted a computer‐based search in the databases PsycINFO, PSYNDEXplus, and Medline. Additional studies were retrieved using a pyramid scheme. The literature search identified 29 articles. Most studies measured alterations shortly after exposure. Differences from controls emerged mainly in the sympathoadrenal system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Elevated acute heart rate immediately after traumatization was associated with increased risk for PTSD. The literature on psychophysiological characteristics of pediatric PTSD is relatively small and diverse. Nevertheless, findings indicate exaggerated baseline activation across various measures. Studies examining the course and reversibility of psychophysiological alterations are lacking.
Testing a DSM‐5 reformulation of posttraumatic stress disorder: Impact on prevalence and comorbidity among treatment‐seeking civilian trauma survivors
Authors: van Emmerik Arnold A. P. , Kamphuis Jan H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe authors investigated a recent reformulation (Brewin, Lanius, Novac, Schnyder, & Galea, 2009) of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in treatment‐seeking civilian trauma survivors. Diagnostic data from a randomized controlled trial (N = 170) were subjected to the criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) and the Brewin criteria for PTSD. Results revealed no change in PTSD prevalence, though substantial but equal (13%) proportions of participants lost or gained a PTSD diagnosis under the Brewin criteria. Rates of comorbid depression and other anxiety disorders were consistently marginally lower under the Brewin criteria, but these differences did not reach significance in the authors' sample. It was concluded that the 8‐item Brewin criteria for PTSD altered the diagnostic status of a substantial number of participants without influencing overall PTSD prevalence or comorbidity.
Topical antibiotic treatment reduces tympanostomy tube biofilm formation
Authors: Thomas Robert G. , Ojano‐Dirain Carolyn , Antonelli Patrick J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectives:Single doses of different ototopical antibiotic preparations (OAPs) have been shown to have an unequal reduction of post tympanostomy tube otorrhea (PTTO). Microbial biofilm formation on the tympanostomy tube (TT) has been implicated as one cause of PTTO. The goal of this study was to determine if TT exposure to a single dose of OAP reduces biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Study Design:Prospective and controlled.Methods:Fluoroplastic TTs were briefly exposed to plasma, followed by one of three OAPs (ofloxacin, neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone, or ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone) or saline (20 TT per group). TTs were placed in growth media with P. aeruginosa and incubated for 4 days, during which total bacterial growth was monitored by media turbidity. At 4 days, planktonic organisms were killed and biofilm development was measured with microbial counts.Results:Bacterial growth was significantly delayed by OAPs, with the least growth seen with ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone followed by ofloxacin and neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone (P ≤ .0001). At day 4, bacterial growth was less with ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone than ofloxacin and neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone (P < .05). After 4 days, biofilm counts were lower on OAP‐treated than saline‐treated TTs (P = .0015) with both ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone and ofloxacin significantly less than saline (P < .05). Biofilm counts were not significantly different between OAPs (P > .05).Conclusions:Treatment of TTs with ototopical antibiotic preparations reduces P. aeruginosa growth and biofilm formation in vitro. This may, in part, explain the reduction of PTTO rates observed with single doses of OAPs.
Electrochemical, quantum chemical, and molecular dynamics studies on the interaction of 4‐amino‐4H,3,5‐di(methoxy)‐1,2,4‐triazole (ATD), BATD, and DBATD on copper metal in 1N H2SO4
Authors: John S. , Joy J. , Prajila M. , Joseph A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe interaction of 4‐amino‐4H,3,5‐di(methoxy)‐1,2,4‐triazole (ATD), (4‐(benzylideneamino)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3,5‐diyl) dimethanol (BATD), and (4‐(4‐(dimethylamino) benzylideneamino))‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3,5‐diyl) dimethanol (DBATD) on copper in 1 N sulfuric acid was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel), ac impedance (EIS), molecular dynamic (MD) studies, and quantum chemical calculations at 300 K. Polarization studies clearly showed that ATD, BATD, and DBATD act as mixed type inhibitors. As the electron density around the inhibitor molecule increases due to substitution, the inhibition efficiency also increases correspondingly. Quantum chemical approach was used to calculate some electronic properties of these molecules to ascertain the correlation between inhibitive effect and molecular structure. Both the experimental and theoretical studies agree well in this regard and confirm that DBATD is having a better interaction with the metal surface in 1 N sulfuric acid than BATD and ATD. The adsorption behaviors of these molecules on the copper surface have been studied using MDs method and density functional theory.
Generation of nanocrystalline NiO particles by solution combustion method and its ZnNiO composite coating for corrosion protection
Authors: Chandrappa K. G. , Venkatesha T. V. , Nayana K.O. , Punithkumar M. K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe nanocrystalline nickel oxide (NiO) particles have been successfully prepared by a simple, fast, economical, and eco‐friendly solution‐combustion method using Ni(NO3)2 · 6H2O (oxidizer) and sugar (dextrose as fuel). The as‐prepared compound was calcined for an hour at different temperatures. The synthesized NiO was characterized by XRD, TGA, SEM/EDX, TEM, XPS, FT‐IR, and UV–Vis spectral methods. The crystallite sizes of the NiO particles were measured. Rietveld refinement of X‐ray data matches the cubic structure with space group of Fm3m (No. 225). The thermal behavior of as‐prepared compound was examined. Scanning electron micrographs show uniform cubic like morphology of NiO and its chemical composition was measured. The TEM results reveal that the particle sizes were in the order of 70–80 nm. The red shift was noticed in UV–Vis absorption spectra. As an application part the ZnNiO composite coating was prepared by electrodeposition method and its corrosion behavior was analyzed by Tafel, impedance and anodic polarization in aggressive medium.
Corrosion rate of construction materials in hot phosphoric acid with the contribution of anodic polarization
Authors: Kouřil M. , Christensen E. , Eriksen S. , Gillesberg B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe paper is focused on selection of a proper material for construction elements of water electrolysers, which make use of a 85% phosphoric acid as an electrolyte at temperature of 150 °C and which might be loaded with anodic polarization up to 2.5 V versus a saturated Ag/AgCl electrode (SSCE). Several grades of stainless steels were tested as well as tantalum, niobium, titanium, nickel alloys and silicon carbide. The corrosion rate was evaluated by means of mass loss at free corrosion potential as well as under various levels of polarization. The only corrosion resistant material in 85% phosphoric acid at 150 °C and at polarization of 2.5 V/SSCE is tantalum. In that case, even a gentle cathodic polarization is harmful in such an acidic environment. Hydrogen reduction leads to tantalum hydride formation, to loss of mechanical properties and to complete disintegration of the metal. Contrary to tantalum, titanium is free of any corrosion resistance in hot phosphoric acid. Its corrosion rate ranges from tens of millimetres to metres per year depending on temperature of the acid. Alloy bonded tantalum coating was recognized as an effective corrosion protection for both titanium and stainless steel. Its serviceability might be limited by slow dissolution of tantalum that is in order of units of mm/year.
Influence of MWCNT dispersion on corrosion behaviour of their Mg composites
Authors: Li Q. , Turhan M. C. , Rottmair C. A. , Singer R. F. , Virtanen S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been demonstrated as good reinforcements to improve mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. This study reports on the influence of CNT dispersion on corrosion behaviour of their Mg composites. Experiments revealed that the corrosion rate is drastically increased by adding CNTs to the magnesium alloy due to galvanic coupling. Moreover, a homogeneous CNT dispersion leads to reduced corrosion resistivity. Surface pre‐treatment is also found to be critical for the corrosion performance for both 1 and 5 wt% CNT composites.
Study of criterion for assuring the effectiveness of cathodic protection of buried steel pipelines being interfered with alternative current
Authors: He X. , Jiang G. , Qiu Y. , Zhang G. , Jin X. , Xiang Z. , Zhang Z. , Tang H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractInterference of alternative current (AC) on corrosion of X65 steel was investigated in soil. It was observed that the unfavorable effect of interfering AC was able to be effectively inhibited by increasing the direct current density of the cathodic protection (CP) system. A clear correlation was established between the CP current density and the tolerable AC current density. This led to a new criterion for assuring the effectiveness of CP of buried pipelines being interfered with AC. Field experimental results on a buried pipeline running below a 500 kV transmission line showed that the criterion could satisfactorily predict the risk of AC interfering on the CP system.
Clinical application of inside‐out vein grafts for the treatment of sensory nerve segmental defect
Authors: Jeon Woo Joo , Kang Jong Woo , Park Jung Ho , Suh Dong Hun , Bae Ji Hoon , Hong Jae Young , Park Jong Woong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose:The gold standard for the treatment of segmental nerve defect is an autogenous nerve graft. However, donor site morbidity is an inevitable complication. We substituted an autogenous nerve graft with an inside‐out vein graft for the treatment of segmental sensory nerve defect and the clinical results were evaluated retrospectively.Patients and methods:Eleven patients of sensory nerve defects have undertaken inside‐out vein grafts for the recovery of sensation. The involved nerves were digital nerves in three cases, peroneal nerves in two cases, saphenous nerve intwo cases, and superficial radial nerves in four cases. The average length of defects was 2.71 cm (1–6 cm). Donor veins were harvested4 mm longer than nerve defects and everted to promote nerve regeneration. Patients' objective satisfactions and two‐point discriminations were determined, the Semmes‐Weinstein monofilament test was performed, and British Medical Council sensory functional scores were evaluated.Results:Sensory functional scores recovered to over S3 in all cases. No donor site morbidity was caused by vein harvesting, and all patients achieved satisfactory results with protective sensation at involved sites.Conclusion:The inside‐out vein graft offers a good surgical alternative to an autogenous nerve graft for the reconstruction of sensory nerve defects without donor site morbidity. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.