bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of duloxetine on stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Lorzadeh Nahid , Jahanshahi Moghadaseh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThis study aims to evaluate the effect of duloxetine on stress urinary incontinence (SUI) episode frequency (IEF) per week IEF.MethodsIn this clinical trial, 100 women aged 20−80 years with urinary incontinence were assessed based on the standard questionnaire of urinary tract disorders. All the patients received a placebo for 2 weeks. Patients were then randomly divided into two groups of 50 patients each, receiving duloxetine (40 mg twice a day for 12 weeks) and placebo. The two groups were compared in terms of IEF and the mean score of quality of life and side effects.ResultsThe two groups of duloxetine and placebo recipients were matched at the beginning of the study in terms of age, BMI, IEF, parity, and type of delivery. IEF significantly decreased in the duloxetine recipient group compared to the placebo group. The mean score of quality of life in the duloxetine recipient group increased significantly. The rate of study abandonment in the duloxetine recipient group was significantly higher than in the placebo group. Vertigo was the most common complication that caused patients to discontinue the use of the drug.ConclusionDuloxetine is therapeutically effective for SUI in women. Patients should be provided information regarding potential side effects and their management.
Efficacy of cross‐line anti‐programmed death 1/programmed cell death‐ligand 1 antibody in the treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Cheng Yuan , Guo Cuiyan , Nie Ligong , Zhang Qi , Zhang Meng , Sun Kunyan , Wang Guangfa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) across multiple treatment lines have not yet been evaluated comprehensively. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether or not continuous cross‐line ICIs therapy is effective in treating non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective investigation into the medical histories of 47 patients diagnosed with advanced NSCLC and treated with ICIs at the Peking University First Hospital between January 2018 and June 2022.ResultsDue to the progression of their disease, 14 patients were given the same ICIs, 5 patients were given different ICIs, and 6 patients discontinued taking ICIs altogether. The objective response rates were 7.140% in the ICIs cross‐line treatment group, 0% in the replacement of ICIs treatment group, and 0% in the discontinuation of ICIs treatment group. The disease control rates were 64.260% in the ICIs cross‐line treatment group, 60% in the replacement of ICIs treatment group, and 0% in the discontinuation of ICIs treatment group. The average overall survival durations of the three groups were 24.020 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.061–30.979), 31.643 (95% CI: 23.513–39.774), and 7.997 (95% CI: 3.746–12.247) months, respectively (p = 0.003). The median second progression‐free survival (PFS2) durations of the three groups were 4.570 (95% CI: 3.276–5.864), 3.530 (95% CI: 0.674–6.386), and 1.570 (95% CI: 0–4.091) months, respectively (p = 0.091).ConclusionsCross‐line ICIs cannot improve the prognosis and PFS2 of patients with NSCLC, but compared to discontinuing ICIs, OS may be prolonged. A few patients may benefit from prolonged ICIs therapy.
Efficacy and safety of etrolizumab in treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Motawea Karam R. , Abdelghafar Yomna A. , AbdelQadir Yossef H. , Aboelenein Merna M. , Ibrahim Nancy , Belal Mohamed M. , Elhalag Rowan H. , Khairy Lina T. , Bakkour Agyad , Muwaili Ali H. H. , Abdelmajid Fatima A. A. , Albuni Mhd K. , Battikh Elias , Sawaf Bisher , Ahmed Eman M. S. , Muwaili Dhuha H. H. , Swed Sarya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundEtrolizumab is a promising drug for treating moderate to severe ulcerative colitis.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of etrolizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in moderate to severe ulcerative colitis.MethodsWe searched the following databases: PUBMED, Web of Science, OVID, and SCOPUS from inception to January 15. Inclusion criteria were any phase 2 and 3 clinical trials that compared etrolizumab with a placebo in treating moderate to severe ulcerative colitis, excluding case reports, animal studies, phase 1 trials, and conference abstracts due to duplication. We used RevMan software (5.4) for the meta‐analysis.ResultsFive clinical trials were included in our meta‐analysis. The total number of patients included in the study is 1248 patients, 860 patients in the etrolizumab group and 388 patients in the placebo group. In the induction phase, the pooled analyses showed a statistically significant association between etrolizumab and increased clinical remission, and endoscopic remission compared with placebo (risk ratio [RR] = 2.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.69–4.19, p < 0.0001), and (RR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.52–3.65, p = 0.0001), respectively. In the maintenance phase, the pooled analyses showed a statistically significant association between etrolizumab and increased histologic remission and endoscopic remission (RR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.40–2.98, p = 0.0002) and (RR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.29–2.85, p = 0.001), respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in adverse events between etrolizumab and placebo in the induction and maintenance phases.ConclusionOur results show that etrolizumab is an effective and safe drug for the induction and maintenance of clinical remission in moderate to severe ulcerative colitis patients, as proved by histologic and endoscopic findings. Future randomized trials are still needed to compare etrolizumab to the other agents and further establish its value for the practice.
Evaluation of dropwise condensation from a vertical condenser tube impregnated with semisolid lubricant
Authors: Abraham Jyothish , Rajkumar Mattacaud Ramachandralal , Venugopal Gangadharan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe quest for augmenting dropwise condensation heat transfer performance has been the driving force behind the exploration of innovative techniques and approaches to fulfill the desired objective. Mostly, earlier research on dropwise condensation was devoted to study condensation from horizontal tubes and plates but, rarely, addressed dropwise condensation from vertical tubes. An interesting topic of current research in dropwise condensation is to explore the application of Slippery Liquid Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPSs) to improve the condensation performance. The aforesaid facts are the motivation behind the topics of interest in the present study. In this study, we explore the applicability of semisolid lubricant‐impregnated porous surfaces in enhancing dropwise condensation performance of a vertical condenser tube. The experiments conducted over a wide range of subcooling (5°C ≤ ΔT ≤ 65°C) in saturated steam environment showed significant improvement in condensation heat transfer coefficient of a vertical condenser tube impregnated with semisolid lubricants when compared to bare vertical condenser tube. The highest enhancement is found to be 280% at a subcooling of 40°C. Furthermore, these surfaces proficiently sustain dropwise condensation over a period of 72 hours without compromising heat transfer performance. The devised fabrication method is simpler, more cost‐effective, and less time‐consuming than earlier techniques used for creating SLIPSs. Additionally, an approach based on numerical optimization by a stochastic global optimization technique, namely, Genetic Algorithm, is proposed to retrieve the coefficients and the exponent in the mathematical expression of overall resistance, that is being used to compute the tube‐side dropwise convection heat transfer coefficient.
Treatment of chronic COVID‐19 with convalescent/postvaccination plasma in patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Janssen Maike , Leo Albrecht , Wolf Cornelia , Stenzinger Miriam , Bartenschlager Marie , Brandt Juliane , Sauer Sandra , Schmitt Michael , Dreger Peter , Schlenk Richard F. , Denkinger Claudia M. , Müller‐Tidow Carsten 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImmunocompromised patients are at high risk to fail clearance of SARS‐CoV‐2. Prolonged COVID‐19 constitutes a health risk and a management problem as cancer treatments often have to be disrupted. As SARS‐CoV‐2 evolves, new variants of concern have emerged that evade available monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, antiviral therapy promotes SARS‐CoV‐2 escape mutations, particularly in immunocompromised patients. These patients frequently suffer from prolonged infection. No successful treatment has been established for persistent COVID‐19 infection. Here, we report on a series of 21 immunocompromised patients with COVID‐19—most of them hematologic malignancies—treated with plasma obtained from recently convalescent or vaccinated donors or a combination thereof. Repeated dosing of SARS‐CoV‐2‐antibody‐containing plasma could clear SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in 16 out of 21 immunocompromised patients even if COVID‐19‐specific treatments failed to induce sustained viral clearance or to improve clinical course of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Ten patients were major responders defined as an increase delta(d)Ct of > = 5 after the first administration of convalescent and/or vaccinated plasma (C/VP). On average, SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR Ct values increased from a median value of 22.55 (IQR = 19.10–24.25) to a median value of 29.57 (IQR = 27.55–34.63; p = <.0001) in the major response subgroup. Furthermore, when treated a second time with C/VP, even 4 out of 5 of the initial nonresponders showed an increase in Ct‐values from a median value of 23.13 (IQR = 17.75–28.05) to a median value of 32.79 (IQR = 31.75–33.75; p = .013). Our results suggest that C/VP could be a feasible treatment of COVID‐19 infection in patients with hematologic malignancies who did not respond to antiviral treatment.
Adjusting models to better predict obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) in forceps‐assisted vaginal deliveries: A retrospective cross‐sectional trial
Authors: Cochrane Elizabeth , Getradjman Chloe , Doctor Tahera , Roger Sarah , Stratis Catherine , Wang Kelly , Stoffels Guillaume , Cabrera Camila , Tavella Nicola F. , Bianco Angela T. , DeBolt Chelsea A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveObesity and maternal age are increasing among pregnant patients. The understood effect of body mass index (BMI), advanced maternal age (AMA), and second stage of labor on obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) at delivery is varied. The objective of this study was to assess whether incorporating BMI, second stage of labor length, and AMA into a model for predicting OASIS among forceps‐assisted vaginal deliveries (FAVD) had a higher predictivity value compared to models without these additions.MethodThis was an IRB‐approved retrospective cohort study of singleton gestations who underwent a FAVD between 2017 and 2021. The primary outcome was prediction of OASIS via established models versus models including the addition of new predictive factors.ResultsA total of 979 patients met inclusionary criteria and were included in the final analysis. 20.4% of patients had an OASIS laceration, 11.3% of neonates had NICU admissions, 23.7% had a composite all neonatal outcome, and 8% had a composite subgaleal/cephalohematoma outcome. Comparisons of known factors that predict OASIS (nulliparity, race, episiotomy status) to known factors with additional predictors (BMI, AMA, and length of second stage in labor) were explored. After comparing each model's AUC to one another (a total of 3 comparisons made), there was no statistically significant difference between the models (all P > 0.62).ConclusionIncluding BMI, AMA, and second stage of labor length does not improve the predictivity of OASIS in patients with successful FAVD. These factors should not impact a provider's decision to perform a FAVD when solely considering increased odds of OASIS.
Nowcasting Euro area GDP with news sentiment: A tale of two crises
Authors: Ashwin Julian , Kalamara Eleni , Saiz Lorena 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThis paper shows that newspaper articles contain signals that can materially improve real‐time nowcasts of real GDP growth for the Euro area. Using articles from 15 popular European newspapers, which are machine translated into English, we create sentiment metrics that update daily and assess their value for nowcasting, comparing with competitive and rigorous benchmarks. We find that newspaper text is especially helpful early in the quarter before other indicators are available. We also find that general‐purpose sentiment measures perform better than more economics‐focused ones in response to unanticipated events and nonlinear supervised models can help capture extreme movements in growth but require sufficient training data to be effective.
TLR4/7‐mediated host‐defense responses of gingival epithelial cells
Authors: Chiba Norika , Tada Ryohei , Ohnishi Tomokazu , Matsuguchi Tetsuya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGingival epithelial cells (GECs) are physical and immunological barriers against outward pathogens while coping with a plethora of non‐pathogenic commensal bacteria. GECs express several members of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and control subsequent innate immune responses. TLR4 senses lipopolysaccharide (LPS) while TLR7/8 recognizes single‐strand RNA (ssRNA) playing important roles against viral infection. However, their distinct roles in GECs have not been fully demonstrated. Here, we analyzed biological responses of GECs to LPS and CL075, a TLR7/8 agonist. GE1, a mouse gingival epithelial cell line, constitutively express TLR4 and TLR7, but not TLR8, like primary skin keratinocytes. Stimulation of GE1 cells with CL075 induced cytokine, chemokine, and antimicrobial peptide expressions, the pattern of which is rather different from that with LPS: higher mRNA levels of interferon (IFN) β, CXCL10, and β‐defensin (BD) 14 (mouse homolog of human BD3); lower levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), CCL5, CCL11, CCL20, CXCL2, and CX3CL1. As for the intracellular signal transduction of GE1 cells, CL075 rapidly induced significant AKT phosphorylation but failed to activate IKKα/β‐NFκB pathway, whereas LPS induced marked IKKα/β‐NFκB activation without significant AKT phosphorylation. In contrast, both CL075 and LPS induced rapid IKKα/β‐NFκB activation and AKT phosphorylation in a macrophage cell line. Furthermore, specific inhibition of AKT activity abrogated CL075‐induced IFNβ, CXCL10, and BD14 mRNA expression in GE1 cells. Thus, TLR4/7 ligands appear to induce rather different host‐defense responses of GECs through distinct intracellular signaling mechanisms.
Empowering people living with HIV (PLHIV): unveiling care gaps and identifying opportunities for improving care for PLHIV in Singapore and Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Chen Seong , Chidgey Andrew , Lee Kai Lung , Mo Phoenix K. H. , Wong Timothy , Banerjee Sumita , Ho Vanessa , Leow Yangfa , Gowindah Regina , Yew Ying Jie , Fung Ricky , Lau Agnes 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study explored the behaviours of people living with HIV in Singapore and Hong Kong in terms of achieving and maintaining their physical and psychological wellbeing in relation to HIV, to identify the challenges and support needed in HIV care.MethodsThis qualitative study involved 90‐minute interviews among Singapore and Hong Kong people living with HIV aged ≥18 years to explore health‐related quality of life perceptions and gaps in patient empowerment in HIV care during February–May 2022. The COM‐B (C: Capability; O: Opportunity; M: Motivation; B: Behaviour) framework was used during data analysis to identify behaviour facilitators and barriers for people living with HIV to achieve and maintain their wellbeing. Detailed accounts of respondents’ experience of living with and managing HIV, that is what worked well, unmet needs and perceived significance of wellbeing indicators, were analysed qualitatively via a combination of inductive content and deductive frameworks.ResultsA total of 30 and 28 respondents were recruited from Singapore (SG) and Hong Kong (HK), respectively. Most respondents were aged 20−49 years (SG: 83.3%; HK: 64.3%), males (SG: 96.7%; HK: 92.9%), men who have sex with men (SG: 93.3%; HK: 71.4%), had university or higher education (SG: 73.3%; HK: 50.0%) and were fully employed (SG: 73.3%; HK: 57.1%). In both Singapore and Hong Kong, physical health was considered a key focus of overall wellbeing, albeit attention to long‐term health associated with cardiovascular and renal health was less salient. The impact of symptoms, side effects of treatment, mood and sleep were among the top wellbeing indicators of importance. Respondents felt that insufficient information was provided by physicians, citing consultation time and resource constraints impeding further expression of concerns to their physicians during consultation. Respondents prioritized functional wellness and delegated psychosocial health to supportive care professionals, patient groups, families and/or friends.ConclusionsThere is a need in Singapore and Hong Kong to empower people living with HIV to establish better communications with their physicians and be more involved in their treatment journey and equally prioritize their psychosocial wellbeing.
HPV genotyping in clinical samples using long‐read single‐molecule real‐time sequencing
Authors: Pasquier Christophe , Raymond Stéphanie , Carcenac Romain , Demmou Sofia , Ranger Noémie , Nicot Florence , Izopet Jacques 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping is widely used, particularly in combination with high‐risk (HR) HPV tests for cervical cancer screening. We developed a genotyping method using sequences of approximately 800 bp in the E6/E7 region obtained by PacBio single molecule real‐time sequencing (SMRT) and evaluated its performance against MY09‐11 L1 sequencing and after the APTIMA HPV genotyping assay. The levels of concordance of PacBio E6/E7 SMRT sequencing with MY09‐11 L1 sequencing and APTIMA HPV genotyping were 100% and 90.8%, respectively. The sensitivity of PacBio E6/EA7 SMRT was slightly greater than that of L1 sequencing and, as expected, lower than that of HR‐HPV tests. In the context of cervical cancer screening, PacBio E6/E7 SMRT is then best used after a positive HPV test. PacBio E6/E7 SMRT genotyping is an attractive alternative for HR and LR‐HPV genotyping of clinical samples. PacBio SMRT sequencing provides unbiased genotyping and can detect multiple HPV infections and haplotypes within a genotype.
Molecular characterization of emerging Echovirus 11 (E11) shed light on the recombinant origin of a variant associated with severe hepatitis in neonates
Authors: Piralla Antonio , Giardina Federica , Ferrari Guglielmo , Gaiarsa Stefano , Romano Greta , Pellegrinelli Laura , Galli Cristina , Seiti Arlinda , Binda Sandro , Pitrolo Antonino Maria Guglielmo , Genoni Angelo , Ferrante Francesca Drago , Novazzi Federica , Mancini Nicasio , Rovida Francesca , Pariani Elena , Baldanti Fausto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEchovirus 11 (E11) has gained attention owing to its association with severe neonatal infections. Due to the limited data available, the World Health Organization (WHO) considers public health risk to the general population to be low. The present study investigated the genetic variation and molecular evolution of E11 genomes collected from May to December 2023. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for 16 E11 strains. Phylogenetic analysis on WG showed how all Italian strains belonged to genogroup D5, similarly to other E11 strains recently reported in France and Germany all together aggregated into separate clusters. A cluster‐specific recombination pattern was also identified using phylogenetic analysis of different genome regions. Echovirus 6 was identified as the major recombinant virus in 3Cpro and 3Dpol regions. The molecular clock analysis revealed that the recombination event probably occurred in June 2018 (95% HPD interval: Jan 2016–Jan 2020). Shannon entropy analyses, within P1 region, showed how 11 amino acids exhibited relatively high entropy. Five of them were exposed on the canyon region which is responsible for receptor binding with the neonatal Fc receptor. The present study showed the recombinant origin of a new lineage of E11 associated with severe neonatal infections.
Design and development of the clinical pharmacy key performance indicators dashboard for equity of service provision at regional and rural hospitals in North Queensland, Australia
Authors: Mirkov Sanja , Jones Rhondda , Ison Alexander , Wilesmith Allan , Black Jason 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundProvision of a Medication Action Plan (MAP) on admission and a Discharge Medication Record (DMR) are associated with reduced medication‐related harm.AimTo report factors associated with the provision of MAPs and DMRs in rural and regional hospitals in Queensland, Australia.MethodA literature search, environmental scan and department consultations were conducted to develop Clinical Pharmacy Key Performance Indicators (cpKPIs) and design a cpKPI dashboard. Two of the five KPIs included in the dashboard, relating to medication action plans on admission and medication records on discharge, were reported for all the hospitals and were included in the study. A retrospective, period‐prevalence study was conducted to evaluate the coverage and equity of clinical pharmacy service provision for patients admitted for longer than 24 h. The proportions of patients who received MAPs and DMRs were stratified by age, gender, Indigeneity and hospital type. Statistical analysis used chi‐squared tests and logistic regression in R. This project was exempt due to the local policy requirements that constitute research by the Far North Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: EX/2023/QCH/94383‐1684QA). The justification for this exemption is as follows: the project was determined to be negligible risk research and involved the use of existing collection of data or records that contain only non‐identifiable data about human beings.ResultsIn total, 13 818 patients (37.9% of admissions) received a MAP and 11 631 patients (32.7% of discharges) received a DMR. The proportion of MAPs and DMRs was significantly higher in rural hospitals than in regional hospitals (MAP 50.6% vs 34.6%, DMR 33.1% vs 31.3%) and for male patients than female patients (MAP 42.2% vs 33.7%, DMR 36.4% vs 29.2%). When stratified by age, First Nations patients received a higher proportion of MAPs and DMRs in each age group, except for age 85 years and over. The proportion of First Nations patients aged 50 years and over who received MAP was lower compared to that for non‐Indigenous patients aged 65 years and over (56.3% vs 59.8%), whilst the proportion for DMRs was similar (50.4% vs 49.3%).ConclusionThe study defined the clinical pharmacy key performance indicators for measuring equity of clinical pharmacy service provision in Australia. When adjusted for a difference in life expectancy, the proportion of MAPs for First Nations patients was lower compared to the proportion of MAPs for non‐Indigenous patients. Further improvements are required to achieve equity of service provision for First Nations patients and female patients.