bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pro‐ulcer effects of resveratrol in mice with indomethacin‐induced gastric ulcers are reversed by l‐arginine
Authors: Guha P , Dey A , Chatterjee A , Chattopadhyay S , Bandyopadhyay SK 
Published: January 2010

Background and purpose:  Although resveratrol is currently being evaluated in pre‐clinical studies as a potential cancer chemopreventive agent and cardiovascular stress‐releasing compound, treatment with resveratrol severely delays healing of pre‐existing gastric ulcers. Resveratrol treatment can also induce endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression. Here, we have attempted to modulate NO production via eNOS in order to alleviate the pro‐ulcer effects of resveratrol.Experimental approach:  Gastric ulcers were induced in mice with a single dose of indomethacin. The effects of pretreatment with l‐arginine on the pro‐ulcer effects of resveratrol in these mice were then assessed. We measured ulcer damage scores (DS), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, generation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and NO, along with a gene expression study.Key results:  Resveratrol significantly aggravated damage from indomethacin‐induced gastric ulcers, and delayed healing, as shown by increased DS and MPO activity. The mRNA for cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1, but not that for COX‐2, was inhibited by resveratrol treatment, with reduced synthesis of PGE2 by gastric tissue. However, resveratrol treatment induced eNOS gene expression and shifted the eNOS/iNOS balance. l‐Arginine given before resveratrol in mice with indomethacin‐induced ulcers significantly increased tissue NO synthesis and improved ulcer healing.Conclusions and implications:  Exogenous l‐arginine increased NO formation via raised levels of eNOS induced by resveratrol and protected against the pro‐ulcer effects of resveratrol. Therefore, l‐arginine might be useful for alleviation of the pro‐ulcer side effects of resveratrol in patients.
Acute Hepatitis B Outbreaks Related to Fingerstick Blood Glucose Monitoring in Two Assisted Living Facilities
Authors: Counard Catherine A. , Perz Joseph F. , Linchangco Purisima C. , Christiansen Demian , Ganova‐Raeva Lilia , Xia Guoliang , Jones Steven , Vernon Michael O. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVES: To establish the etiology for outbreaks of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections at two assisted living facilities (ALFs) and devise appropriate control measures.DESIGN: Multisite outbreak investigations, retrospective cohort.SETTING: Two ALFs in Illinois.PARTICIPANTS: Facility A residents (n=120) and Facility B residents (n=105) and nursing staff (n=6).MEASUREMENTS: For Facility A, a retrospective cohort study to identify risk factors for HBV infection through serological testing of all residents and a medical record extraction. For Facility A and B, investigation of fingerstick blood glucose monitoring techniques. For Facility B, serological HBV testing of nurses and residents receiving fingerstick blood glucose monitoring.RESULTS: At Facility A, five confirmed acute, two probable acute, and one probable chronic HBV infections were identified in the 109 residents tested. All of the eight identified residents with HBV infection had diabetes mellitus. HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences from the chronic and acute cases were identical. Transmission of HBV was associated with fingerstick blood glucose monitoring (relative risk (RR)=28.5, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.6–498; P<.001) and insulin injections (RR=7.4, 95% CI=1.3–40.8; P=.03). At Facility B, seven of 21 residents (33.3%) receiving fingerstick blood glucose monitoring had evidence of recent HBV infection.CONCLUSION: Nurses probably transmitted HBV infection from resident to resident during fingerstick blood glucose monitoring in two separate ALFs, causing outbreaks. Awareness of the high risk for HBV transmission during procedures for the care of diabetes mellitus was limited. Following established infection control measures is critical to prevent spread of this highly contagious virus.
Lean Mass Index: A Better Predictor of Mortality than Body Mass Index in Elderly Asians
Authors: Han Seung Seok , Kim Ki Woong , Kim Kwang‐Il , Na Ki Young , Chae Dong‐Wan , Kim Suhnggwon , Chin Ho Jun 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the correlation between body mass index (BMI), body composition, and all‐cause mortality in an elderly Asian population.DESIGN: A prospective observational cohort study with 3.5‐year follow‐up.SETTING: The Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging Project for elderly residents in Seongnam City, Korea.PARTICIPANTS: Eight hundred seventy‐seven subjects aged 65 and older for whom baseline body composition data was available.MEASUREMENTS: BMI, waist circumference, and body composition of each subject was evaluated. Body composition was examined using bioelectrical impedance analyses of measures, including lean mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and fat proportion (%). In addition, lean mass index (LMI, kg/m2) was calculated by dividing lean mass by the square of height. Participants were divided into three groups: Group 1 (<25th percentile), Group 2 (25–75th percentiles), and Group 3 (≥75th percentile) for BMI, waist circumference, body composition, and LMI.RESULTS: In the fully adjusted Cox proportional hazard model, BMI, waist circumference, and fat composition were not correlated with mortality, but higher lean mass and LMI were considered predictors of lower mortality when comparing Group 3 and Group 1 (in lean mass, relative risk reduction of 84%, 95% confidence interval (CI)=45–96%, P=.004; in LMI, relative risk reduction of 69%, 95% CI=12–89%, P=.03).CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that the recommendation of low BMI as a means of obtaining a survival advantage in the elderly is not supported. Instead, higher lean mass and higher LMI are associated with better survival in the elderly Asian population.
Efficacy and Safety of a Once‐Yearly Intravenous Zoledronic Acid 5 mg for Fracture Prevention in Elderly Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis Aged 75 and Older
Authors: Boonen Steven , Black Dennis M. , Colón‐Emeric Cathleen S. , Eastell Richard , Magaziner Jay S. , Eriksen Erik Fink , Mesenbrink Peter , Haentjens Patrick , Lyles Kenneth W. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of once‐yearly intravenous zoledronic acid (ZOL) 5 mg in reducing risk of clinical vertebral, nonvertebral, and any clinical fractures in elderly osteoporotic postmenopausal women.DESIGN: A post hoc subgroup analysis of pooled data from the Health Outcome and Reduced Incidence with Zoledronic Acid One Yearly (HORIZON) Pivotal Fracture Trial and the HORIZON Recurrent Fracture Trial.SETTING: Multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials.PARTICIPANTS: Postmenopausal women (aged ≥75) with documented osteoporosis (T‐score ≤−2.5 at femoral neck or ≥1 prevalent vertebral or hip fracture) or a recent hip fracture.INTERVENTION: Patients were randomized to receive an intravenous infusion of ZOL 5 mg (n=1,961) or placebo (n=1,926) at baseline and 12 and 24 months.MEASUREMENTS: Primary endpoints were incidence of clinical vertebral and nonvertebral and any clinical fracture after treatment.RESULTS: At 3 years, incidence of any clinical, clinical vertebral, and nonvertebral fracture were significantly lower in the ZOL group than in the placebo group (10.8% vs 16.6%, 1.1% vs 3.7%, and 9.9% vs 13.7%, respectively) (hazard ratio (HR)=0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.54–0.78, P<.001; HR=0.34, 95% CI=0.21–0.55, P<.001; and HR=0.73, 95% CI=0.60–0.90, P=.002, respectively). The incidence of hip fracture was lower with ZOL but did not reach statistical significance. The incidence rate of postdose adverse events were higher with ZOL, although the rate of serious adverse events and deaths was comparable between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Once‐yearly intravenous ZOL 5 mg was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of new clinical fractures (vertebral and nonvertebral) in elderly postmenopausal women with osteroporosis.
Guided tissue regeneration combined with a deproteinized bovine bone mineral (Bio‐Oss®) in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects: 6‐year results from a randomized‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Stavropoulos Andreas , Karring Thorkild 
Published: January 2010

Stavropoulos A, Karring T. Guided tissue regeneration combined with a deproteinized bovine bone mineral (Bio‐Oss®) in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects: 6‐year results from a randomized‐controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 200–210. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2009.01520.x. AbstractAim: To present the 6‐year results of a randomized‐controlled clinical trial evaluating guided tissue regeneration (GTR) combined with or without deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in intrabony defects.Material & Methods: In each of 45 patients, one defect was treated with GTR combined with DBBM hydrated in saline (DBBM−) or gentamicin sulphate (DBBM+) or with GTR alone. Clinical parameters were recorded pre‐surgery, at 1 and 6 years postsurgery.Results: Thirty‐six patients/33 teeth were available for the 6‐year control. Statistically significant clinical improvements were observed for all treatments. Clinical attachment level (CAL) gain averaged 2.5 mm (DBBM−), 4.1 mm (DBBM+), and 3.0 mm (GTR) at 1 year postsurgery, and remained stable over 5 additional years (2.3, 4.1, and 2.7 mm, respectively). Treatment did not appear to influence residual probing depths (PDs) or CAL gains at 6 years postsurgery, or the extent of PD and CAL change from 1 to 6 years, and did not associate with sites losing CAL during follow‐up. No association of grafting with sites showing CAL gain 4 mm at the 1‐ or 6‐year control was observed.Conclusion: The improvements in periodontal conditions obtained after GTR treatment with or without the adjunct use of DBBM can be preserved on a long‐term basis.
The role of the Fe‐S cluster in the sensory domain of nitrogenase transcriptional activator VnfA from Azotobacter vinelandii
Authors: Nakajima Hiroshi , Takatani Nobuyuki , Yoshimitsu Kyohei , Itoh Mitsuko , Aono Shigetoshi , Takahashi Yasuhiro , Watanabe Yoshihito 
Published: January 2010

Transcriptional activator VnfA is required for the expression of a second nitrogenase system encoded in the vnfH and vnfDGK operons in Azotobacter vinelandii. In the present study, we have purified full‐length VnfA produced in E. coli as recombinant proteins (Strep‐tag attached and tag‐less proteins), enabling detailed characterization of VnfA for the first time. The EPR spectra of whole cells producing tag‐less VnfA (VnfA) show distinctive signals assignable to a 3Fe‐4S cluster in the oxidized form ([Fe3S4]+). Although aerobically purified VnfA shows no vestiges of any Fe‐S clusters, enzymatic reconstitution under anaerobic conditions reproduced [Fe3S4]+ dominantly in the protein. Additional spectroscopic evidence of [Fe3S4]+in vitro is provided by anaerobically purified Strep‐tag attached VnfA. Thus, spectroscopic studies both in vivo and in vitro indicate the involvement of [Fe3S4]+ as a prosthetic group in VnfA. Molecular mass analyses reveal that VnfA is a tetramer both in the presence and absence of the Fe‐S cluster. Quantitative data of iron and acid‐labile sulfur in reconstituted VnfA are fitted with four 3Fe‐4S clusters per a tetramer, suggesting that one subunit bears one cluster. In vivoβ‐gal assays reveal that the Fe‐S cluster which is presumably anchored in the GAF domain by the N‐terminal cysteine residues is essential for VnfA to exert its transcription activity on the target nitrogenase genes. Unlike the NifAL system of A. vinelandii, O2 shows no effect on the transcriptional activity of VnfA but reactive oxygen species is reactive to cause disassembly of the Fe‐S cluster and turns active VnfA inactive.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7311946: VnfA (uniprotkb:C1DI41) and VnfA (uniprotkb:C1DI41) bind (MI:0407) by molecular sieving (MI:0071)
MINT‐7311931: VnfA (uniprotkb:C1DI41) and VnfA (uniprotkb:C1DI41) bind (MI:0407) by blue native page (MI:0276)
imProving Outcomes after STroke Clinical Pilot Trial Protocol
Authors: Hackett M. L. , Carter G. , Crimmins D. , Clarke T. , Maddock K. , Sturm J.W. 
Published: January 2010

Rationale One in three patients experience depression after stroke and this risk is consistent over time. A strategy to prevent depression that could be economically delivered to most stroke patients and ideally which also has a low likelihood of adverse events needs to be developed and evaluated. Aims POST aims to determine whether a simple intervention (postcards) prevents depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression rating Scale, HADS depression subscale score ≥8) in patients with a recent stroke. Secondary end-points include reduced anxiety (HADS anxiety subscale score ≥8) and improved health-related quality of life in patients with a recent stroke. Design A single-centre randomised, double-blind, pilot trial to prevent depression in patients with a recent (within 8 weeks) stroke presenting to hospital. Patients will be enrolled over 12 months and randomised to receive three trial-specific assessments (baseline, 3- and 6-month assessments of mood, HRQoL and social functioning), or three trial-specific assessments plus a postcard sent centrally in a sealed envelope at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months after discharge from hospital. Blinded follow-up telephone assessments will be conducted for both groups. Study outcomes and sample size For the primary end-point the POST trial will have 80% power to detect a relative risk of 0·4 given an incidence of depression of 30%. For the secondary aims POST has 90% power to detect a difference of 3 points on the HADS depression subscale (assuming a standard deviation of 6 points) between randomised groups. This includes an inflation factor of 15% to account for patients lost to follow-up. Discussion Evidence of efficacy will determine whether a multi-centre, international trial is warranted.
Interleukin-6 as an Early Predictor for One-Year Survival following an Ischaemic Stroke/Transient Ischaemic Attack
Authors: Shenhar-Tsarfaty S. , Assayag E. Ben , Bova I. , Shopin L. , Fried M. , Berliner S. , Shapira I. , Bornstein N. M. 
Published: January 2010

Background Early biomarkers for survival in an acute ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack might serve as a useful tool for the clinician. Several studies have highlighted the role of inflammatory biomarkers as an early signal for acute ischaemic stroke prognosis. Aims This study examines the potential advantage of using high-sensitivity interleukin-6 as a possible biomarker at the early stages of acute stroke for identifying patients at a high risk for 12-month mortality. Methods Inflammatory biomarkers and neurological scores were determined in 250 patients following mild to moderate acute ischaemic stroke within 24 h of hospital admission. Outcome data on mortality were collected after 12 months. The signal detection methodology was used to identify subgroups that were at a high risk for 12-month mortality. Results Twelve months following the event, 234 of the 250 stroke patients survived. Signal detection identified predictors that distinguished individuals likely to die from those with a better recovery prediction. Plasma interleukin-6 concentration emerged as the optimal predictor, with a cut point of 6·47pg/ml, χ2 (I, N = 250) = 20·5, P<0·001. Interleukin-6 above 6·47 pg/ml during the acute phase predicted subsequent non-survival ( P = 0·006, odds ratio 8·0). Conclusions This study demonstrates the clinical potential of using high-sensitivity interleukin-6 as an early signal for acute ischaemic stroke survival and suggests a clear cut point for patients at a high risk who might benefit from closer clinical surveillance and/or administration of therapeutic interventions.
BECOMING NEGLECTED: A PERVERSE RELATIONSHIP TO CARE
Authors: Ruszczynski Stanley 
Published: January 2010

abstractIn this paper the author describes clinical work with forensic and anti‐social personality disordered patients where the clinician is placed in a countertransference situation where, in the course of what is good therapeutic work, he experiences an overwhelming sense of having failed the patient. The author utilizes Glasser's idea of ‘identification with the neglector’ and Hinshelwood's writings on patients with disordered relations to care, to examine this experience, and he differentiates it from the concept of ‘identification with the aggressor’. Two clinical illustrations are used to highlight the issues discussed and show how with this patient group much of the clinical work is done in the countertransference.
SEXUAL BOUNDARY VIOLATIONS: A PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Levine Howard B. 
Published: January 2010

abstractThe problem of sexual boundary violations in psychoanalytic therapies was endemic for the founding generation of psychoanalysts and remains so for analytic therapists to this day. Its persistence in our field reflects the fact that each of us contains powerful unconscious forces that can drive us towards boundary crossings and boundary violations. Contemporary views of the analytic process, including the impossibility of neutrality, objectivity and abstinence and the therapist's irreducible subjectivity, are used to explicate the dynamic forces involved. Personal and institutional responses to sexual boundary violations are considered.
SEDUCTION AND BETRAYAL
Authors: Gerrard Jackie 
Published: January 2010

abstractThis paper addresses the issues of seduction and betrayal, in particular as they manifest in the consulting room. The author notes the universality and primitive nature of these issues, which originate between mother and child at a pre‐oedipal level and are rife between parents and children during the oedipal stage. In addition, the author highlights a post‐oedipal stage of development and illustrates her themes with clinical material from work with two male patients. She claims that revenge is the natural response to the feeling of having been seduced and then betrayed. Finally, she suggests that moments of seduction are vital and can be a significant focal point during analyses of patients.
TEACHING AND LEARNING ABOUT PSYCHOANALYSIS: FILM AS A TEACHING TOOL, WITH REFERENCE TO A PARTICULAR FILM, MORVERN CALLAR
Authors: Edwards Judith 
Published: January 2010

abstractUsing the film, Morvern Callar, directed by Lynne Ramsay (2002a) in order to reflect on the impact of the countertransference, the author suggests that film is a powerful medium which can be used to communicate intense emotional and preverbal states, and to make sense of certain key psychoanalytic concepts via a direct emotional experience. Describing the film's narrative, with particular reference to the central character, she links this with predominantly Kleinian psychoanalytic thinking about schizoid states, and puts forward the idea that, by watching the film in a particular way, non‐clinical students may have the proto‐experience of aspects of clinical work, especially those linked with the countertransference. This, she suggests, offers a bridge towards clinical experience possibly obtained at a later date, where emotional states may be projected into the clinician.
Angiotensin II Inhibits Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation Through the ERK1/2-RSK Signaling Pathway to Modulate Central Control of Blood Pressure
Authors: Cheng Wen-Han , Lu Pei-Jung , Ho Wen-Yu , Tung Che-Se , Cheng Pei-Wen , Hsiao Michael , Tseng Ching-Jiunn 
Published: January 2010

Rationale:Angiotensin (Ang) II exerts diverse physiological actions in both the peripheral and central neural systems. It was reported that the activity of Ang II is higher in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and that angiotensin type-1 receptors are colocalized with NAD(P)H oxidase in the neurons of the NTS, resulting in the induction of local reactive oxygen species production by Ang II. However, the signaling mechanisms of Ang II that induce hypertension remain unclear.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the possible signaling pathways involved in Ang II–mediated blood pressure regulation in the NTS.Methods and Results:Male SHRs were treated with losartan or tempol for 2 weeks, after which systolic blood pressure was observed to decrease significantly. Dihydroethidium staining showed many cells with high reactive oxygen species in the NTS of SHRs. The addition of losartan or tempol decreased the numbers of reactive oxygen species–positive cells in the NTS. The systemic administration of losartan or tempol reduced the systolic blood pressure and increased NO production. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis further showed that inhibition of Ang II activity by losartan or tempol significantly increased the expression extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RSK), and also increased neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) phosphorylation. RSK was also found to bind directly to nNOS and induce phosphorylation at the Ser1416 position.Conclusions:Taken together, these results suggest that the ERK1/2-RSK-nNOS signaling pathway may play a significant role in Ang II–mediated central blood pressure regulation.
Decentralized local governance in fragile states: learning from Iraq
Authors: Brinkerhoff Derick W. , Johnson Ronald W. 
Published: January 2010

This article examines the role that local governance plays in creating an effective state and in building constructive state—society relations. Reconstruction efforts in fragile, post-conflict states have focused largely on central government, yet decentralized local authorities offer a number of positive features. Looking at the governance reconstruction experience in Iraq, the analysis explores the extent to which these positive features have characterized Iraqi sub-national government. The article draws lessons for governance reconstruction more generally, addressing decentralization choices, capacity-building, and political factors. Points for practitioners In fragile, post-conflict states, good governance reconstruction agendas often aim too high. Targeting good enough governance solutions is more realistic. Decentralized local governance can be integral to such solutions, and offers several advantages to counter problems that central governments face: weak roots beyond the center, poor distribution of services, and weak national integration. Experience shows that local governments can increase speed of service delivery, address ethnic/regional inequities, build democratic and conflict management capacities, mitigate political conflict, experiment to find creative solutions, and enhance legitimacy. We examine governance reconstruction in Iraq in terms of how efforts to build local governance have resulted in these positive outcomes. The Iraq case offers some support for our argument that in fragile, post-conflict states, decentralized local governance is an important feature of good enough governance.