bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and chiro‐optical characterization of polyaniline doped with (+) or (−)‐2‐pyrrolidone‐5‐carboxylic acid (PCA)
Authors: Dubey Rama , Dutta Dhiraj , Shami Trilok Chand , Bhasker Rao Kandepudi Udaya 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOptically active polyaniline (PANI) salts were readily generated in solution via the enantioselective acid doping of neutral emeraldine base (EB) form of PANI with either (+) or (−)‐2‐pyrrolidone‐5‐carboxylic acid (PCA) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylformamide (DMF) solvents. Strong mirror imaged circular dichroism (CD) spectra were obtained for the deep green polymer solutions obtained with (+) or (−) PCA, suggesting that the acid doping is enantioselective, with one helical screw of the polymer chain being preferentially produced depending on the nature of enantiomer. It was observed that molar concentration of PCA as well as nature of solvent plays a very important role in the generation of optically active PANI. The generated optically active PANI did not show any loss of optical activity up to 200 h. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ductal carcinoma in situ treated with breast‐conserving surgery and accelerated partial breast irradiation
Authors: Goyal Sharad , Vicini Frank , Beitsch Peter D. , Kuerer Henry , Keisch Martin , Motwani Sabin , Jeruss Jacqueline S. , Lyden Maureen , Haffty Bruce G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to determine the ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients treated in the American Society of Breast Surgeons MammoSite Breast Brachytherapy Registry Trial who met the criteria for E5194 treated with local excision and adjuvant accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI).METHODS:A total of 194 patients with DCIS were treated between 2002 and 2004 in the Mammosite registry trial; of these, 70 patients met the enrollment criteria for E5194: 1) low to intermediate grade (LIG)—pathological size >0.3 but <2.5 cm and margins ≥3 mm (n = 41) or 2) high grade (HG)—pathological size <1 cm and margins ≥3 mm (n = 29). All patients were treated with lumpectomy followed by adjuvant APBI using MammoSite. Median follow‐up was 52.7 months (range, 0‐88.4). SAS (version 8.2) was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS:In the LIG cohort, the 5‐year IBTR was 0%, compared with 6.1% at 5 years in E5194. In the HG cohort, the 5‐year IBTR was 5.3%, compared with 15.3% at 5 years in E5194. The overall 5‐year IBTR was 2%, and there were no cases of elsewhere or regional failures in the entire cohort. The 5‐year contralateral breast event rate was 0% and 5.6% in LIG and HG patients, respectively (compared with 3.5% and 4.2%, respectively, in E5194).CONCLUSIONS:This study found that patients who met the criteria of E5194 treated with APBI had extremely low rates of recurrence (0% vs 6.1% in the LIG cohort and 5.3% vs 15.3% in the HG cohort). Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Titanium(IV)–Salan Catalysts for Asymmetric Sulfoxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Adão Pedro , Avecilla Fernando , Bonchio Marcella , Carraro Mauro , Costa Pessoa João , Correia Isabel 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe report the synthesis and the solution and solid‐phase characterization of several titanium(IV)–salan complexes. The structures of the ligands H2sal(R,R‐chan), H2ovan(S,S‐chan), and H6pyr(R,R‐chan)4+·4Cl–·H2O were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and their main features are compared and discussed. Single crystals suitable for X‐ray diffraction studies were also obtained for [Ti4{sal(R,R‐chan)}4(μ‐O)4] and showed a tetranuclear core bearing μ‐oxo bridges between the titanium atoms and the ligand wrapped around the Ti in a fac‐mer geometry. The Ti–salan complexes were tested as catalysts in the benchmark oxidation of thioanisole with H2O2 as oxidant in organic solvents. High H2O2 conversion and moderate enantioselectivities (up to 51 % ee) were obtained. In an effort to perform greener catalysis the complexes were tested in selected ionic liquids with several oxidants. [Ti{5‐MeO‐sal(R,R‐chan)}] was also covalently bound to a polystyrene matrix. tert‐Butyl hydroperoxide was found to be the most suitable oxidant for use in ionic liquids (100 % conversion vs. 80 % with H2O2) and in general the Ti–salan complexes showed better activity in ILs at 25 °C although with reduced induced asymmetry (up to 18 % ee).
Copper(II) Triflate Catalyzed Intermolecular Aromatic Substitution of N,N‐Disubstituted Anilines with Diazo Esters
Authors: Tayama Eiji , Yanaki Tomoyo , Iwamoto Hajime , Hasegawa Eietsu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe intermolecular aromatic substitution of N,N‐disubstituted anilines with diazo esters is achieved under mild conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(II) triflate (up to 89 % yield). The scope and limitations regarding substrates, diazo esters, and ligands in this reaction are described.
Plasma membrane and vesicular glutamate transporter expression in chromaffin cells of bovine adrenal medulla
Authors: Oliván A.M. , Pérez‐Rodríguez R. , Roncero C. , Arce C. , González M.P. , Oset‐Gasque M.J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe study of the functional expression of glutamate signaling molecules in peripheral tissues has received relatively little attention. However, evidence is increasing for a role of glutamate as an extracellular signal mediator in endocrine systems, in addition to having an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter role in the CNS. Chromaffin cells are good models of catecholaminergic neurons, in which previous work from our group demonstrated the existence of both functional glutamate receptors and specific exocytotic and nonexocytotic glutamate release. In this work, the presence of specific plasma membrane (EAATs) and vesicular glutamate (VGLUTs) transporters has been investigated by using confocal microscopy, flow cytometric analysis, Western blot, and qRT‐PCR techniques. We found specific expression of EAAT3, EAAT2, VGLUT1, and VGLUT3 in about 95%, 65%, 55%, and 25%, respectively, of the whole chromaffin cell population. However, chromaffin cells do not express VGLUT2 and have a very low expression of EAAT1. VGLUTs are localized mainly in the membrane fraction, and EAATs share their subcellular location between membrane and cytosolic fractions. Their estimated molecular weights were about 70 kDa for EAAT2, about 65 kDa for EAAT3, about 50 kDa for VGLUT1, and about 60 kDa for VGLUT3. RT‐qPCR techniques confirm the expression of these glutamate transporters at the mRNA level and show a different regulation by cytokines and glucocorticoids between VGLUT1 and ‐3 and EAAT2 and ‐3 subfamilies. These interesting results support the participation of these glutamate transporters in the process of glutamate release in chromaffin cells and in the regulation of their neurosecretory function in adrenal medulla. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patient‐reported events preceding the onset of rheumatoid arthritis: Possible clues to aetiology
Authors: Söderlin Maria K. , Bergsten Ulrika , Svensson Björn , for the BARFOT study group  
Published: November 2010

AbstractAims. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often report events that they believe may have caused their disease. We attempted to characterize such causal events and the possible relationship between these and outcomes.Methods. Between 1996 and 2004, 1,787 adult patients were included in the Better Anti‐Rheumatic FarmacOTherapy (BARFOT) early RA study in Sweden. Six possible causal events at baseline were predefined. Disease Activity Score 28‐joint count (DAS28) and treatment were registered at inclusion and at three, six and 12 months. The European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria were used.Results. A total of 1,652 patients (92%) answered the question about possible causal events. Thirty per cent (490) of the patients believed that some event in particular had caused their RA. Sixteen per cent of the patients thought that infection, 4.4% psychological trauma, 4.1% physical trauma, 2.8% surgery, 1.5% pregnancy and 1.2% vaccination had been the cause. Younger patients attributed previous infection to their RA more often than older patients. There were no differences in EULAR response up to one year between patients who reported some event or infection and patients who did not. RA thought to be caused by infection showed a seasonal trend in the month of onset. Women reported that trauma had been a cause of their RA more often than men.Conclusion. Thirty per cent of the patients reported some causal event and 16% reported infection to be the cause of their RA. There were differences in gender and age in what patients reported as the cause of their RA.
Photoluminescence properties of Eu3+ ions in Eu‐doped ZnO grown by sput‐ tering‐assisted metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Terai Yoshikazu , Yoshida Kazuki , Kamarudin M. H. , Fujiwara Yasufumi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL) properties of Eu‐doped ZnO (ZnO:Eu) grown by a sputtering‐assisted metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique were investigated. In PL measurements under the high‐energy excitation above the band‐gap energy of ZnO (indirect‐excitation) at room temperature, the annealed sample showed clear red‐emission lines due to the intra‐4f shell transition of 5D0→7F2 in Eu3+. Under the low‐energy excitation resonant to the energy levels of 7F0–5D3 transitions (direct‐excitation), additional PL lines which showed fast thermal quenching were observed. These results revealed that the energy transfer from ZnO host to Eu3+ was accompanied, but there were inactive Eu3+ ions under the indirect‐excitation. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A review of awareness in distributed collaborative software engineering
Authors: Omoronyia Inah , Ferguson John , Roper Marc , Wood Murray 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSoftware development projects are inherently cooperative, requiring many developers to coordinate their efforts to produce complex systems. An integral part of this process is the development and maintenance of a shared understanding concerning the state of software project tasks, artefacts, and the activities and expertise of developers working on the project. In co‐located settings, this vitalawareness informationthat concerns developers, either directly or tangentially, is typically acquired using formal, regular meetings, informal personal interruptions and electronic communication. Developing and maintaining such an awareness are far more difficult in distributed teams where developers are separated by time and space. The goal of this review is to help bridge the gap between the theoretical benefits of distributed collaborative software development and the practical impediments to successful implementation, and more specifically, achieving similar levels of awareness in distributed settings to those available in co‐located settings. The review starts with a detailed discussion of awareness and awareness types with particular relevance to collaboration. This is followed by a discussion of how awareness information is disseminated during collaborative processes. Awareness information needs and dissemination mechanisms in software development teams are then presented. The main contribution of the review, derived from a comparison of awareness needs in distributed collaborative software engineering and current support from tools and techniques, is that more support is required for the type of awareness known ascontext awareness. Context awareness crosscuts other (more basic) forms of awareness and arises because, over time, individual collaborators work on different sets of tasks and artefacts and form different perceptions of their colleagues; their colleagues' work, roles, and relationships; and, the workspace. This awareness is highlycontextualand therefore cannot be generalized across individuals, entities or activities that are found in a collaboration space. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zum Beultragverhalten längsausgesteifter Biegeträger nach Eurocode – Vereinfachungen und zutreffende Vorgehensweise
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Gänsluckner Gernot 
Published: November 2010

AbstractVollwandige, längsausgesteifte Biegeträger, wie beispielsweise Hauptträger von Stahl‐ und Verbundbrücken, werden neuerdings bzw. zukünftig hinsichtlich ihrer Beultragfähigkeit nach Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐5 ausgelegt. Dabei ergeben sich bei traditioneller Vorgehensweise, im Eurocode als Berechnungsmethode mit reduzierten Spannungen bezeichnet, mitunter deutlich konservativere Ergebnisse, verglichen mit den alten nationalen Normenwerken (ÖNORM, DIN).Diese Feststellung stellte den Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit dar. Auf Basis realitätsnaher nichtlinearer Traglastberechnungen wurden für repräsentative Anwendungsfälle von längsausgesteiften Trägerstegen die Beultragfähigkeiten nach Eurocode überprüft und gegenüber gestellt. Im Zuge dessen wurde eine modifizierte Vorgehensweise hinsichtlich der Erfassung des knickstabähnlichen Verhaltens erarbeitet, die eine wirtschaftlichere Auslegung gestattet.Einleitend wird die Vorgehensweise zur Ermittlung der Beultragfähigkeit nach Eurocode kurz zusammengefasst und die Auswirkungen zu den nationalen Normenwerken veranschaulicht. Danach werden die untersuchten Anlageverhältnisse sowie das FE‐Modell für die Traglastberechnungen erläutert und die Ergebnisse im Vergleich zum Eurocode dargestellt. Abschließend wird die empfohlene verbesserte Vorgehensweise zusammengefasst, und es erfolgen Hinweise für die praktische Berechnung, die auch nennenswerte Vereinfachungen enthalten.Plate buckling capacity of longitudinally stiffened girders using the Eurocode – Simplified and improved rules. Plated girders with longitudinally stiffened webs, used for example as main girders for steel and composite bridges, are now designed based on the Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐5. Applying the traditional used reduced stress method, for practical examples often conservative results – compared to the old national codes (ÖNORM, DIN) – are found.Based on this fact, nonlinear calculations were done to compare the ultimate plate buckling load with the design in the Eurocode. The results of the study are presented in this paper as well as an improved rule to get better results with the Eurocode. At the beginning the design rules of the Eurocode are briefly summarised and the differences compared to the existing national codes are presented. After that the studied stiffened web panels and their plate buckling capacity – based on the nonlinear calculations as well as on the rules of the Eurocode – are summed up. Finally the improved rules are presented and some recommendations for practical design are given.
Knicknachweise nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐1
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Lindner Joachim 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIm Hinblick auf die anstehende nationale Einführung der Eurocodes als DIN‐EN‐Fassungen werden im folgenden Beitrag die Regeln für Knicknachweise nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 vorgestellt. Nach einer Übersicht zu den Möglichkeiten der Nachweisführung und Ergänzungen zu den Imperfektionsansätzen für Bauteile werden die Ersatzstabnachweise systematisch dargestellt und eingehend erläutert. Es werden Hintergründe zu den Bemessungsregeln beschrieben sowie Parallelen und Unterschiede zur DIN 18800‐2 aufgezeigt. Zur Eingrenzung des Umfangs und besseren Übersicht beschränken sich die Ausführungen auf Querschnitte der Klassen 1 bis 3. Die Anwendung der Bemessungsregeln wird anhand von Beispielen verdeutlicht.Member stability according to DIN EN 1993‐1‐1. With regard to the upcoming national implementation of the Eurocodes as DIN EN versions the following paper presents design rules for member stability according to DIN EN 1993‐1‐1. After the survey of different design approaches and additions to imperfections of structural members, the equivalent member method (Level‐1‐formulae) will be systematically described and explained in detail. Parallels and differences in comparison to DIN 18800‐2 are shown in the context of respective design rules. To place the focus on the basic essentials, this article concentrates on class 1 to 3 cross‐sections. The application of the design rules is demonstrated by means of examples.
Malunion following flexible intramedullary nails for tibial and femoral fractures in adolescents
Authors: Deakin D. E. , Winter H. , Jain P. , Bache C. E. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose Flexible intramedullary nails (FIN) are increasingly used in the management of paediatric tibial and femoral fractures. Concerns have recently been raised regarding the use of FIN in older children. The aim of this study was to determine how effective FIN is in treating tibial and femoral fractures in adolescents. Methods Patients aged 11 years or older undergoing FIN for tibial and femoral fractures between 2003 and 2009 were identified. Radiographs and case notes were reviewed to identify complications. Results Thirty-five consecutive adolescent patients underwent FIN for tibial ( n = 21) and femoral fractures ( n = 15), with a mean age of 12.9 years. The mean radiographic follow up was 29 weeks. Sixty percent (60%, n = 9) and 38% ( n = 9) of femoral and tibial fractures, respectively, malunited. Fracture severity was associated with increased malunion for both tibial and femoral fractures ( P = 0.046 and P = 0.044, respectively). Two femoral fractures took longer than 20 weeks to unite and seven tibial fractures took longer than 16 weeks to unite. Conclusion The higher than expected rates of malunion and delayed union in this study suggest that other treatments should be considered when treating adolescents with unstable tibial or femoral fractures.
CHARLES ROWCROFT, IRISH-AMERICANS, AND THE ‘RECRUITMENT AFFAIR’, 1855–1856
Authors: FENTON LAURENCE 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis article examines the prelude to, and machinations surrounding, the arrest, trial, and expulsion from America of Charles Rowcroft, the British consul in Cincinnati. Rowcroft's difficulties were a direct consequence of the conniving of Irish-American nationalists in the region during the Crimean War. The article places these events in Cincinnati against a backdrop of intense Anglo-American diplomatic distrust. It also highlights the exaggerated Hibernophobic response of some British officials in the United States. A study of Irish-American nationalism during the 1850s, bridging the historical and historiographical gap between the 1848 Young Ireland rebellion and the beginnings of Fenianism, has long been wanting. This article is a first, important step toward filling that void, elucidating the hitherto hidden extent of Irish-American agitation during the Crimean War.
Jupiter and the other Giants: A Comparative Study
Authors: Encrenaz Thérèse 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe four giant planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune - have common properties which make them very different from the terrestrial planets: located at large distances from the Sun, they have big sizes and masses but low densities; they all have a ring system and a large number of satellites. These common properties can be understood in the light of their formation scenario, based upon the accretion of protosolar gas on an initial icy core. Giant planets have been explored by space missions (Pioneer 10 and 11, Voyager 1 and 2, Galileo and Cassini) but also by Earth-orbiting satellites and ground-based telescopes. There are still open questions related to the origin and evolution of the giant planets, in particular their moderate migration, the origin of the cold planetesimals which formed Jupiter, the origin of the atmospheric dynamics in Jupiter and Saturn, and the differences in the internal structures of Uranus and Neptune.
Observations of mutual phenomena of Galilean's satellites at Catania
Authors: Fulvio Daniele , Blanco Carlo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe mutual phenomena between Jupiter and Saturn's satellites occur every half orbital period of these planets, when the Earth and the Sun cross their equatorial plane. At Physics and Astronomy Department of Catania University the events between Jupiter's satellites have been observed during the 1973, 1979, 1985/86, 1991, 1997 and 2009 campaigns and the ones between Saturn's satellites during the 1980/81 and 1995 campaigns. An overview of the main results obtained since 1973 is presented.
Cognitive behaviour therapy meets psychopharmacotherapy
Authors: Veale David , Stout Anna 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the role of psychopharmacotherapy in common emotional disorders for cognitive behaviour therapists. We consider some of the philosophical difference between CBT and medication, when medication might interfere with CBT, when it may enhance outcome and when it might be safely discontinued. We highlight how to differentiate side-effects and symptoms of discontinuation of antidepressants from that of the underlying disorder. The scope of this article is confined to common emotional disorders and does not discuss the interaction of CBT with medication in, e.g. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or dementia.
The nutritional phenotype database*. A real data structure for systems biology
Authors: Evelo Chris 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBiology is rapidly developing into a data-driven science and faces not only the challenge of coping with an ever growing amount of data but also that of interpreting its complex diversity. The requirement of systems biology to connect different levels of biological research leads directly to a need for large scale data integration. The nutritional phenotype database (dbNP) addresses this challenge for nutrigenomics. A particularly urgent objective in coping with the data avalanche is making biologically meaningful information accessible to the researcher. In this presentation we will describe how we intend to meet this objective with the nutritional phenotype database. We will outline relevant parts of the system architecture, describe the kinds of data to be managed, and show how the system can support retrieval of biological meaningful information by means of biological profiles, pathways and ontologies in full-text and structured queries. Our presentation will point out critical points and will describe several technical hurdles and demonstrate how pathway analysis in the omics modules of the nutritional phenotype database can improve the functionality of queries and comparisons of nutrition studies. Directions for future research will be given. Through development of a ranking system for the results of free text queries we will aim to improve the user interaction with dbNP. Profiles describing the relevant changes in biological pathways and GO levels will be used in a mathematical way to calculate distances between the biological outcomes of experiments and will allow the user to ask intuitive questions like “what experiments showed an effect on apoptosis?” or “which other studies showed an effect that looked like mine?”.