bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Momentary Relationship Between Stress and Headaches in Adolescent Girls
Authors: Björling Elin A. 
Published: April 2009

Objective.— The objective of this study was to compare the relationship between repeated momentary reports of stress and headaches in female adolescents with varying degrees of headache frequency.Background.— Headaches are the most common form of pain reported by adolescents affecting more than a third of all adolescents. High levels of stress during adolescence may predispose an adolescent to experience headaches in adulthood. Randomized, momentary data collection of stress and headaches provides the most accurate data regarding the adolescent experience of these variables.Methods.— The research methodology, ecological momentary assessment, is a valid approach to better understand the relationship between stress and headaches in adolescence. Data were obtained by each participant's use of an electronic diary (ED), which captured repeated momentary reports of perceived stress, head pain, and stress‐related symptoms in female adolescents with varying degrees of recurrent headache. Seven times per day for the 21‐day study period, teen girls responded to ED questions about their current stress levels, head pain, and stress‐related symptoms. Based on participants' momentary reports of headaches, Low Headache, Moderate Headache, and Chronic Headache groups were created. General estimating equation models were used to analyze the relationship between momentary variables as well as the lag effect between stress and head pain.Results.— Thirty‐one participants, aged 14‐18 years, completed 2841 randomized ED reports and reported 674 occurrences of headache. The Chronic Headache and Moderate Headache groups reported significantly increased levels of stress, head pain, and headaches. The relationship between momentary stress and head pain was significantly strong both within and across participants. The strength of this relationship increased with increased headache activity. A significant lag effect was found between stress and headaches; however, the effect of depression as a moderator of the stress and headache relationship remains unclear.Conclusion.— Perceived stress and head pain was highly correlated in these female adolescents. Given the large population of teens affected by headaches, a plausible next step would be to validate these results in other samples and to determine methods with which to identify teens who may be at risk for a pattern of increasing stress and headaches.
Migraine Among University Students in Cotonou (Benin)
Authors: Adoukonou Thierry , Houinato Dismand , Kankouan Judith , Makoutode Michel , Paraiso Moussiliou , Tehindrazanarivelo Alain , Viader Fausto , Preux Pierre‐Marie 
Published: April 2009

Background.— Few data are available on migraine among students in Africa. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of migraine and describe its clinical features and associated conditions among students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Abomey‐Calavi University, in Cotonou, Benin.Methods.— A cross‐sectional study was prospectively conducted during the academic year 2002‐2003 and included 336 students selected using systematic random sampling. Migraine was defined according International Headache Society criteria 1988.Results.— The lifetime prevalence of migraine was 11.3% (95% CI: 8.2‐15.3%). The prevalence was significantly higher in females (18.3%) than males (6.8%), in married‐widowed (30.4%) than single (9.9%). The mean age at onset of the disease was 15.0 years ± 2.5. Migraine without aura was the more frequent form (57.9%). The mean attack frequency per month was 3.8 (±3.4) and the peak attack duration was between 4 and 6 hours. Psychological tiredness was the most frequent triggering factors (92.1%). The factors associated with migraine in multivariate analysis were female sex (OR = 2.6 [95% CI: 1.2‐5.3]), single marital status (OR = 3.7 [95% CI: 1.2‐11.9]) and presence of a family history of headache (OR = 2.9 [95% CI: 1.0‐8.1])Conclusion.— Migraine was frequent in students in Cotonou (Benin) compared with other studies in Africa.
Persistent zinc depletion in the mossy fiber terminals in the intrahippocampal kainate mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Mitsuya Koichi , Nitta Naoki , Suzuki Fumio 
Published: April 2009

SummaryPurpose:  Zinc is released in synaptic vesicles with glutamate, and modulates glutamatergic neurotransmission. In brain, the highest amount of zinc, detected by Timm staining, is in the mossy fiber (MF) system in the hippocampus. In the intrahippocampal kainate (KA) mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, which is elicited by intrahippocampal KA, prominent MF sprouting develops rapidly within 2 weeks post‐KA. However, the intensity of Timm staining is reduced gradually thereafter. The present study is designed to determine the mechanisms underlying this reduction of Timm staining.Methods:  The changes in Timm staining, and VGluT1, Synapsin‐1, and zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) immunoreactivity (IR) were examined from 4–56 days post‐KA. An analysis of glutamate release in the KA‐injected hippocampus was conducted by microdialysis before and during the continuous injection of midazolam (MDZ).Results:  At 56 days post‐KA, Timm staining disappeared completely, whereas VGluT‐1‐, Synapsin‐1‐, and ZnT3‐IR were increased in the sprouted MF boutons. However, when the seizures were suppressed by a continuous perfusion of MDZ, the glutamate release in the hippocampus decreased and Timm staining was recovered.Discussion:  This study showed that the reduction of Timm staining is the result of decreased zinc content but not the loss of MF itself. The reduction is the result of the enhanced release of zinc relative to storage, and it should facilitate the glutamate excitation that might be related to the epileptogenesis and rapid advancement of the morphologic changes in this model.
A systematic review of the epidemiology of epilepsy in Arab countries
Authors: Benamer Hani T. S. , Grosset Donald G. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryIn this report the epidemiologic aspects of epilepsy in Arab countries are systematically reviewed. MEDLINE and Embase were searched, and six papers were identified: one incidence report from Qatar and five prevalence reports (two from Sudan, and one from each of Libya, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia). An incidence of 174 per 100,000 persons in 2001 was reported in a hospital‐based study from Qatar. Prevalence ranged between 0.9/1,000 in Sudan and 6.5/1,000 in Saudi Arabia, with a median of 2.3/1,000. An approximate 724,500 people with epilepsy live in the Arab world. All the studies report higher prevalence in males, which was statistically significant in the Saudi study. The prevalence is approximately 2‐fold higher in children and young adults, compared to the rates in middle age. Two studies showed a high prevalence in individuals older than 60 years of age. Primary generalized seizures are reported in 28–97% of cases, partial seizures in 3–43.8%, and unclassified seizures in 18–51%. Idiopathic epilepsy represents 73.5–82.6% of cases. Early childhood brain damage such as in cerebral palsy and mental retardation represented a major cause of symptomatic epilepsy, whereas infection was the main cause in Sudan. The epidemiologic data from Arab states are lacking, especially from populous countries like Egypt, Algeria, and Syria. Well‐designed studies are needed to accurately determine the burden of epilepsy in the Arab world.
Mortality in captive baboons with seizures: A new model for SUDEP?
Authors: Ákos Szabó C. , Knape Koyle D. , Michelle Leland M. , Feldman Jake , McCoy Karin J.M. , Hubbard Gene B. , Williams Jeff T. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryBecause the baboon is a model of primary generalized epilepsy, we were interested in mortality of captive animals with a history of witnessed seizures. Causes of natural death were investigated in 46 seizure baboons (SZ) and 78 nonepileptic controls (CTL), all of which underwent a complete pathologic examination at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (SFBR) in San Antonio. SZ animals died at a younger age than the control baboons (p < 0.001). Almost all epileptic baboons that died suddenly without an apparent cause (SZ‐UKN), had pulmonary congestion or edema without evidence of trauma, systemic illness, or heart disease, compared to nine controls (12%) (p < 0.001), most of which demonstrated evidence of a concurrent illness. Serosanguineous bronchial secretions were found in 15 SZ‐UKN baboons (58%), but in only three controls (4%) (p < 0.001). Chronic multifocal fibrotic changes in myocardium were noted in only three (12%) of SZ‐UKN baboons and one control baboon. Based upon these results, untreated seizures appear to reduce the life expectancy of captive baboons. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) may be a common cause of natural death in epileptic baboons.
Guidelines for imaging infants and children with recent‐onset epilepsy
Authors: Gaillard William D. , Chiron Catherine , Helen Cross J. , Simon Harvey A. , Kuzniecky Ruben , Hertz‐Pannier Lucie , Gilbert Vezina L. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThe International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Subcommittee for Pediatric Neuroimaging examined the usefulness of, and indications for, neuroimaging in the evaluation of children with newly diagnosed epilepsy. The retrospective and prospective published series with n ≥30 utilizing computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1.5 T) that evaluated children with new‐onset seizure(s) were reviewed. Nearly 50% of individual imaging studies in children with localization‐related new‐onset seizure(s) were reported to be abnormal; 15–20% of imaging studies provided useful information on etiology or and seizure focus, and 2–4% provided information that potentially altered immediate medical management. A significant imaging abnormality in the absence of a history of a localization‐related seizure, abnormal neurologic examination, or focal electroencephalography (EEG) is rare. Imaging studies in childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, and benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) do not identify significant structural abnormalities. Imaging provides important contributions to establishing etiology, providing prognostic information, and directing treatment in children with recently diagnosed epilepsy. Imaging is recommended when localization‐related epilepsy is known or suspected, when the epilepsy classification is in doubt, or when an epilepsy syndrome with remote symptomatic cause is suspected. When available, MRI is preferred to CT because of its superior resolution, versatility, and lack of radiation.
DINOFLAGELLATE HOST‐PARASITE STEROL PROFILES DICTATE KARLOTOXIN SENSITIVITY1
Authors: Place Allen R. , Bai Xuemei , Kim Sunju , Sengco Mario R. , Wayne Coats D. 
Published: April 2009

We examined the sterol profile ofKarlodinium veneficum(D. Ballant.) J. Larsen,Akashiwo sanguinea(Hiraska) Ge. Hansen et Moestrup,Alexandrium tamarense(M. Lebour) Balech,Alexandrium affine(H. Inoue et Fukuyo) Balech,Gonyaulax polygrammaF. Stein,andGymnodinium instriatum(Freud. et J. J. Lee) Coats,along with theirAmoebophyraparasites. There were no consistent sterol profiles that characterized the genusAmoebophyra. Instead, in five out of six comparisons, the host and parasite sterol profiles where highly correlated. The one exception,Amoebophyrasp. exAlex. tamarense,was least like its host in sterol profile and also possessed the widest host range for infection. There was little correlation between host and parasite in fatty acid profiles, with the parasite being deficient in fatty acids characteristic of the plastid [e.g., 18:5(n‐3) associated with galactolipids of the thylakoids, as previously published by Adolf et al. (2007)]. Those hosts and parasites with sterol profiles dominated by desmethyl sterols were most sensitive to karlotoxin toxicity. In the host‐parasite pairs most sensitive to karlotoxin addition, recovery of the intact karlotoxin molecule was poorest. Given the sensitivity to karlotoxin, some species ofAmoebophyramay avoid infection ofK. veneficum.
PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS OFEUGLENA(EUGLENACEAE) SPECIES WITH AXIAL, STELLATE CHLOROPLASTS BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DATA—NEW TAXA, EMENDED DIAGNOSES, AND EPITYPIFICATIONS1
Authors: Kosmala Sylwia , Karnkowska‐Ishikawa Anna , Milanowski Rafał , Kwiatowski Jan , Zakryś Bożena 
Published: April 2009

Morphological and molecular studies, as well as original literature reexamination, necessitate establishment of fiveEuglenaspecies with a single axial, stellate chloroplast [Euglena viridis(O. F. Müller)Ehrenberg 1830,Euglena pseudoviridis Chadefaud 1937,Euglena stellata Mainx 1926,Euglena pseudostellatasp. nov., andEuglena cantabrica Pringsheim 1956], three species with two chloroplasts (Euglena geniculataDujardin exSchmitz 1884,Euglena chadefaudii Bourrelly 1951, andEuglena pseudochadefaudiisp. nov.), and one species with three chloroplasts (Euglena tristella Chu 1946). The primary morphological features, allowing distinction of the considered species are the presence and the shape of mucocysts, as well as the number of chloroplasts. Spherical mucocysts occur inE. cantabricaandE. geniculata,while spindle‐shaped mucocysts are present inE. stellata, E. pseudostellata,E. chadefaudii, E. pseudochadefaudii,andE. tristella. No mucocysts are observed inE. viridisandE. pseudoviridis. Two new species (E. pseudochadefaudiisp. nov. andE. pseudostellatasp. nov.) differ from the respective species,E. chadefaudiiandE. stellata, only at the molecular level. Molecular signatures and characteristic sequences are designated for nine distinguished species. Emended diagnoses for all and delimitation of epitypes for seven species (exceptE. viridisandE. tristella) are proposed.
Trends in Hospital Discharge Disposition for Elderly Patients with Infective Endocarditis: 1993 to 2003
Authors: Mendiratta Priya , Tilford John M. , Prodhan Parthak , Cleves Mario A. , Wei Jeanne Y. 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVES: To examine hospital discharges of elderly patients hospitalized with infective endocarditis (IE).DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of hospital discharges from 1993 to 2003.SETTING: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), which approximates a 20% sample of all U.S. acute care hospitals.PARTICIPANTS: All patients aged 65 and older with a primary or secondary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnosis code for IE were included.MEASUREMENTS: The main outcome measures were in‐hospital mortality and, for survivors, discharge disposition: to home (with home health care) or to a facility.RESULTS: Hospitalizations for IE increased 26.0% over the 10‐year period, from 3.19 per 10,000 elderly patients in 1993 to 3.95 per 10,000 in 2003. Over the study period, a trend toward increasing discharge to nursing home and decreasing discharge to home and home health care was evident. Discharge to home for survivors decreased from 57.7% to 35.0% over the study period, whereas discharge to nursing facilities increased from 27.7% to 44.3%. Over the 10‐year study period, elderly patients hospitalized with IE were 2.3 times as likely to be discharged to a facility as to home.CONCLUSION: Hospital discharge dispositions have changed for elderly patients admitted with IE. Changes in the patient's age, severity of illness, or comorbidities do not explain these trends. Financial incentives are the most likely factor influencing the substitution in discharge dispositions for elderly patients with IE.
Enhancing Community Leadership Negotiation Skills to Build Civic Capacity
Authors: Shmueli Deborah , Warfield Wallace , Kaufman Sanda 
Published: April 2009

Most intra‐ and interorganizational decision making entails negotiations, and even naturally talented negotiators can improve with training. Executive trainings for managers and leadership programs for publicly elected officials, public managers, and nongovernmental organizations frequently include negotiation modules. These efforts, however, have yet to reach community leaders who also need to develop their negotiation skills.We propose that members of disadvantaged low‐income communities who lack educational and economic opportunities, and are less able to advocate for their own interest, need to build and strengthen their civic capacity, including their negotiation skills, to become more effective parties to decisions affecting them. While many professionals and executives have access to training, such opportunities are less accessible to the leaders of these disadvantaged communities. Although such leaders draw from their own heuristic knowledge, skills, and abilities, they could also benefit from sharpening their negotiation skills.We propose that the multidimensional understanding of their community that members accumulate through direct experience is indispensable, nontransferable to outsiders, and not teachable through in‐class activities. Leaders with the ability to leverage knowledge and assets to connect effectively to community insiders as well as to outside people, institutions, and resources, however, possess some specific inherent personality traits as well an understanding of social structures, strategies, and agency, which can be taught and learned. Such skills as how to conduct negotiations around the table and away from it and how to identify community members who can help and how to rally them are also teachable. The cases were chosen to illustrate the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) that make these leaders effective in and beyond their communities. We highlight those KSAs that we think are teachable in the framework of a negotiation module in community leadership training to enhance civic capacity for community betterment.
Results of risk‐adapted therapy in acute myeloid leukaemia. A long‐term population‐based follow‐up study
Authors: Wahlin Anders , Billström Rolf , Björ Ove , Ahlgren Tomas , Hedenus Michael , Höglund Martin , Lindmark Anders , Markevärn Berit , Nilsson Bo , Sallerfors Bengt , Brune Mats 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn 1997–2003, a protocol for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (except promyelocytic leukaemia) was activated in four Swedish health care regions covering 50% of the national population. Based on cytogenetics and clinical findings, patients aged 18–60 yr were assigned to one of three risk groups. In this report we account for the long‐term clinical outcome of enrolled patients. Patients received idarubicin and cytarabine in standard doses as induction therapy and consolidation courses included high‐dose cytarabine. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) from an human leucocyte antigen‐identical sibling was recommended in standard and poor‐risk patients, whereas unrelated donor transplant was reserved for poor‐risk patients. Autologous (auto‐SCT) was optional for standard or poor risk patients not eligible for allo‐SCT. Two hundred seventy‐nine patients with de novo or secondary (9%) AML, median age 51 (18–60) yr, corresponding to 77% of all patients in the population, were included. Twenty (7%) patients were assigned to the good risk group, whereas 150 (54%) and 109 patients (39%) were assigned to standard‐ and poor‐risk groups, respectively. Induction failures accounted for 55 patients; 16 early deaths eight of whom had white blood cell (WBC) >100 at diagnosis, and 39 refractory disease. Thus, complete remission (CR) rate was 80%. At study closure, the median follow‐up time of living patients was 90 months. Median survival time from diagnosis in the whole group was 27 months and 4‐yr overall survival (OS) rate was 44%. In good, standard, and poor risk groups, 4‐yr OS rates were 60, 57 and 24%, respectively. Median relapse‐free survival (RFS) time in CR1 was 25 months and RFS at 4 yr was 44%. Four‐year RFS rates were significantly (P < 0.001) different between the three risk groups; 64% in good risk, 51% in standard risk and 27% in poor risk patients. One hundred‐ten transplantations were performed in CR1; 74 allo‐SCT (50 sibling, 24 unrelated donor), and 36 auto‐SCT. Non‐relapse mortality was 16% for allo‐SCT patients. Outcome after relapse was poor with median time to death 163 d and 4‐yr survival rate 17%. Three conclusions were: (i) these data reflect treatment results in a minimally selected population‐based cohort of adult AML patients <60 yr old; (ii) a risk‐adapted therapy aiming at early allogeneic SCT in patients with a high risk of relapse is hampered by induction deaths, refractory disease, and early relapses; and (iii) high WBC count at diagnosis is confirmed as a strong risk factor for early death but not for relapse.
Corticosteroid side‐effects and risk for bleeding in immune thrombocytopenic purpura: patient and hematologist perspectives
Authors: Guidry Jacqueline A. , George James N. , Vesely Sara K. , Kennison Shelia M. , Terrell Deirdra R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives:  The purpose of this study was to examine hematologist and patient perspectives about the side‐effects of the corticosteroid treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and their perspectives about the patient’s risk for bleeding. The specific aim was to compare patient and hematologist perspectives and, if a difference was documented, the implications of that difference. We hypothesized that patients with ITP may have more concern about corticosteroid side‐effects and less concern about serious bleeding than hematologists.Methods:  We surveyed 80 patients in the Oklahoma ITP Registry and all 83 hematologists in Oklahoma about the occurrence and severity of 18 corticosteroid side‐effects and risks for serious bleeding.Results:  Response rates were 80% (patients) and 71% (hematologists). Responses of patients and hematologists were significantly different from each other regarding both the frequency of severe corticosteroid side‐effects and the risk of serious bleeding. For 13 of the 18 corticosteroid side‐effects, patients reported more frequent occurrence of severe symptoms than hematologists (P < 0.05); physicians reported more frequent occurrence for one side‐effect (P < 0.05). Conversely, 69% and 93% of hematologists reported being very worried about serious bleeding when responding to two case scenarios describing patients with platelet counts of 10 000/μL and 5000/μL (P < 0.05), compared with only 16 (31%) of 51 patients whose lowest platelet count had been <10 000/μL.Conclusion:  Awareness of the different opinions about corticosteroid side‐effects and risk for bleeding between ITP patients and hematologists may improve management decisions.