bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Lugano Metabolic Response Assessment in
18
F-Fluorodeoxyglucose–Avid Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma With Deep Learning on
18
F-Fluorodeoxyglucose–Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Jemaa Skander , Ounadjela Souhila , Wang Xiaoyong , El-Galaly Tarec C. , Kostakoglu Lale , Knapp Andrea , Ku Grace , Musick Lisa , Sahin Denis , Wei Michael C. , Yin Shen , Bengtsson Thomas , De Crespigny Alex , Carano Richard A.D. 
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE

Artificial intelligence can reduce the time used by physicians on radiological assessments. For
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose–avid lymphomas, obtaining complete metabolic response (CMR) by end of treatment is prognostic.

METHODS

Here, we present a deep learning–based algorithm for fully automated treatment response assessments according to the Lugano 2014 classification. The proposed four-stage method, trained on a multicountry clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT01287741
) and tested in three independent multicenter and multicountry test sets on different non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes and different lines of treatment (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers
NCT02257567
,
NCT02500407
; 20% holdout in ClinicalTrials.gov identifier
NCT01287741
), outputs the detected lesions at baseline and follow-up to enable focused radiologist review.

RESULTS

The method's response assessment achieved high agreement with the adjudicated radiologic responses (eg, agreement for overall response assessment of 93%, 87%, and 85% in ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers
NCT01287741
,
NCT02500407
, and
NCT02257567
, respectively) similar to inter-radiologist agreement and was strongly prognostic of outcomes with a trend toward higher accuracy for death risk than adjudicated radiologic responses (hazard ratio for end of treatment by-model CMR of 0.123, 0.054, and 0.205 in ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers
NCT01287741
,
NCT02500407
, and
NCT02257567
, compared with, respectively, 0.226, 0.292, and 0.272 for CMR by the adjudicated responses). Furthermore, a radiologist review of the algorithm's assessments was conducted. The radiologist median review time was 1.38 minutes/assessment, and no statistically significant differences were observed in the level of agreement of the radiologist with the model's response compared with the level of agreement of the radiologist with the adjudicated responses.

CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the proposed method can be incorporated into radiologic response assessment workflows in cancer imaging for significant time savings and with performance similar to trained medical experts.
Primary Embolization of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations With Intention to Cure: A Systematic Review of Literature and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dabhi Nisha , Sokolowski Jennifer , Zanaty Mario , Kellogg Ryan T. , Park Min S. , Mastorakos Panagiotis 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) involves multiple approaches, including embolization, microsurgical resection, and radiosurgery. With the advent of new embolisates, dual-lumen balloon catheters, detachable tip microcatheters, and transvenous embolization, endovascular AVM obliteration has become more effective. Although adjuvant embolization and embolization are commonly used, the safety and effectiveness of curative embolization remain unclear.

METHODS:
We conducted a systematic literature review using PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Web of Science to identify studies reporting outcomes in patients with AVMs who underwent primary embolization with the intention to cure. We collected data on patient characteristics, AVM features, complications, and radiographic and clinical outcomes for meta-analysis.

RESULTS:
We identified 25 studies with a total of 1425 patients with 1427 AVMs who underwent curative embolization. Of these patients, 70% were low grade (pooled = 61% [39-82]), 67% were <3 cm (pooled = 78% [60-92]), and 75% were in superficial locations (pooled = 80% [72-86]). At last radiographic follow-up (mean, 16.7 ± 10.9 months), the full obliteration rate was 52% (pooled = 61% [43-77]) and retreatment rate was 25% (pooled = 17% [8.3-27]). At last clinical follow-up (mean, 24.2 ± 13.3 months), the poor clinical outcome rate was 7.9% (pooled = 4.4% [1.3-8.7]) and symptomatic complication rate was 13% (pooled = 13% [8-19]). There was no significant difference in the rate of radiographic cure, need for retreatment, and poor outcomes between ruptured and unruptured AVMs. Symptomatic complications were more common in the treatment of unruptured AVMs. The primary outcomes showed high heterogeneity (I2 = 72%-94%).

CONCLUSION:
Curative embolization of AVM is primarily reserved for small and low-grade AVMs, with highly variable outcomes. Our findings suggest poor radiographic outcomes and increased risk of complications. Outcomes are highly dependent on patient selection and technique used. Large multicenter prospective studies are required to further guide patient selection, categorize clinical and radiographic outcomes, and identify subgroup of patients that may benefit from curative embolization.
Cavernous Malformation From Cranial Nerves: A Systematic Review With a Novel Classification and Patient-Level Analysis
Authors: Li Ziyang , Chen Liangpeng , Wang Junmei , Dong Gehong , Jia Guijun , Jia Wang , Li Deling 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Cavernous malformations (CMs) occurring in the cranial nerve (CN) are extremely rare, and there is currently no comprehensive review on CN CMs, leading to a lack of sufficient understanding of CN CMs. We aimed to systematically review all published CN CM cases; summarize the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of CN CMs; and identify factors influencing the prognosis of CN CMs.

METHODS:
This systematic review identified all cases potentially diagnosed with CN CM through a systematic search of PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. This represents the most comprehensive systematic review to date. We classified CN CMs based on their anatomic origins. Patient characteristics, disease manifestations, treatment approaches, and prognosis were summarized descriptively. Further analysis was conducted to identify factors influencing the prognosis of CN CMs.

RESULTS:
The final analysis included 108 articles (127 individual patient cases). The optic nerve (49/128, 38.3%) is the most commonly affected nerve. Notably, CN CMs can be categorized into 3 types: Intraneural, Perineural, and Extraneural. Preoperative nerve function status and novel classification were associated with the prognosis of CN CMs (P = .001; P < .001). The postoperative neurological deterioration rate for the Intraneural type was 19/37 (51.4%); for the Extraneural type, it was 13/69 (18.8%); and for the Perineural type, it was 1/22 (4.5%) (P < .001).

CONCLUSION:
We reviewed all the published CN CMs to date, offering a comprehensive description of CN CMs for the first time and identifying prognostic factors. The classification of CN CMs proposed in this study could serve as guidance for the selection of intraoperative treatment regimens. The findings of this systematic review are expected to provide a foundation for clinical decision-making in this crucial rare disease and lay the groundwork for developing relevant clinical guidelines.
Artificial Intelligence for Automatic Analysis of Shunt Treatment in Presurgery and Postsurgery Computed Tomography Brain Scans of Patients With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Shailja S. , Nguyen Christopher , Thanigaivelan Krithika , Gudavalli Chandrakanth , Bhagavatula Vikram , Chen Jefferson W. , Manjunath B.S. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt procedures can improve idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) symptoms. However, there are no automated methods that quantify the presurgery and postsurgery changes in the ventricular volume for computed tomography scans. Hence, the main goal of this research was to quantify longitudinal changes in the ventricular volume and its correlation with clinical improvement in iNPH symptoms. Furthermore, our objective was to develop an end-to-end graphical interface where surgeons can directly drag-drop a brain scan for quantified analysis.

METHODS:
A total of 15 patients with 47 longitudinal computed tomography scans were taken before and after shunt surgery. Postoperative scans were collected between 1 and 45 months. We use a UNet-based model to develop a fully automated metric. Center slices of the scan that are most representative (80%) of the ventricular volume of the brain are used. Clinical symptoms of gait, balance, cognition, and bladder continence are studied with respect to the proposed metric.

RESULTS:
Fifteen patients with iNPH demonstrate a decrease in ventricular volume (as shown by our metric) postsurgery and a concurrent clinical improvement in their iNPH symptomatology. The decrease in postoperative central ventricular volume varied between 6 cc and 33 cc (mean: 20, SD: 9) among patients who experienced improvements in gait, bladder continence, and cognition. Two patients who showed improvement in only one or two of these symptoms had <4 cc of cerebrospinal fluid drained. Our artificial intelligence–based metric and the graphical user interface facilitate this quantified analysis.

CONCLUSION:
Proposed metric quantifies changes in ventricular volume before and after shunt surgery for patients with iNPH, serving as an automated and effective radiographic marker for a functioning shunt in a patient with iNPH.
The mRNA-capping enzyme localizes to stress granules in the cytoplasm and maintains cap homeostasis of target mRNAs
Authors: Gayen Anakshi , Mukherjee Avik , Kumar Krishna , Majumder Shubhra , Chakrabarti Saikat , Mukherjee Chandrama 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The model of RNA stability has undergone a transformative shift with the revelation of a cytoplasmic capping activity that means a subset of transcripts are recapped autonomously of their nuclear counterparts. The present study demonstrates nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of the mRNA-capping enzyme (CE, also known as RNA guanylyltransferase and 5′-phosphatase; RNGTT), traditionally acknowledged for its nuclear localization and functions, elucidating its contribution to cytoplasmic capping activities. A unique nuclear export sequence in CE mediates XPO1-dependent nuclear export of CE. Notably, during sodium arsenite-induced oxidative stress, cytoplasmic CE (cCE) congregates within stress granules (SGs). Through an integrated approach involving molecular docking and subsequent co-immunoprecipitation, we identify eIF3b, a constituent of SGs, as an interactive associate of CE, implying that it has a potential role in guiding cCE to SGs. We measured the cap status of specific mRNA transcripts from U2OS cells that were non-stressed, stressed and recovered from stress, which indicated that cCE-target transcripts lost their caps during stress but remarkably regained cap stability during the recovery phase. This comprehensive study thus uncovers a novel facet of cytoplasmic CE, which facilitates cellular recovery from stress by maintaining cap homeostasis of target mRNAs.
Transfer Reinforcement Learning for Mixed Observability Markov Decision Processes with Time-Varying Interval-Valued Parameters and Its Application in Pandemic Control
Authors: Du Mu , Yu Hongtao , Kong Nan 
Published: June 2024

We investigate a novel type of online sequential decision problem under uncertainty, namely mixed observability Markov decision process with time-varying interval-valued parameters (MOMDP-TVIVP). Such data-driven optimization problems with online learning widely have real-world applications (e.g., coordinating surveillance and intervention activities under limited resources for pandemic control). Solving MOMDP-TVIVP is a great challenge as online system identification and reoptimization based on newly observational data are required considering the unobserved states and time-varying parameters. Moreover, for many practical problems, the action and state spaces are intractably large for online optimization. To address this challenge, we propose a novel transfer reinforcement learning (TRL)-based algorithmic approach that ingrates transfer learning (TL) into deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in an offline-online scheme. To accelerate the online reoptimization, we pretrain a collection of promising networks and fine-tune them with newly acquired observational data of the system. The hallmark of our approach comes from combining the strong approximation ability of neural networks with the high flexibility of TL through efficiently adapting the previously learned policy to changes in system dynamics. Computational study under different uncertainty configurations and problem scales shows that our approach outperforms existing methods in solution optimality, robustness, efficiency, and scalability. We also demonstrate the value of fine-tuning by comparing TRL with DRL, in which at least 21% solution improvement can be yielded by TRL with fine-tuning for no more than 0.62% of time spent on pretraining in each period for problem instances with a continuous state-action space of modest dimensionality. A retrospective study on a pandemic control use case in Shanghai, China shows improved decision making via TRL in several public health metrics. Our approach is the first-ever endeavor of employing intensive neural network training in solving Markov decision processes requiring online system identification and reoptimization. History: Accepted by Paul Brooks, Area Editor for Applications in Biology, Medicine, & Healthcare. Funding: This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72371051 and 72201047] to the first and second authors and in part by the National Science Foundation [Grant 1825725] to the third author. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0236 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0236 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Stable Matching on the Job? Theory and Evidence on Internal Talent Markets
Authors: Cowgill Bo , Davis Jonathan M. V. , Montagnes B. Pablo , Perkowski Patryk 
Published: June 2024

A principal often needs to match agents to perform coordinated tasks, but agents can quit or slack off if they dislike their match. We study two prevalent approaches for matching within organizations: centralized assignment by firm leaders and self-organization through market-like mechanisms. We provide a formal model of the strengths and weaknesses of both methods under different settings, incentives, and production technologies. The model highlights trade-offs between match-specific productivity and job satisfaction. We then measure these trade-offs with data from a large organization’s internal talent market. Firm-dictated matches are 33% more valuable than randomly assigned matches within job categories (using the firm’s preferred metric of quality). By contrast, preference-based matches (using deferred acceptance) are only 5% better than random but are ranked (on average) about 38 percentiles higher by the workforce. The self-organized match is positively assortative and helps workers grow new skills; the firm’s preferred match is negatively assortative and harvests existing expertise. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Funding: This work was supported by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation (Emerging Scholar Award). Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01373 .
Rebouças: o engenheiro negro do Império
Authors: Fernandes Morais Rodrigo , Fontes dos Santos Antonio Carlos 
Published: June 2024

Apresentamos neste ensaio uma figura atravessada por questões de identidade racial, que foram determinantes em sua formação como sujeito e consequentemente como homem da ciência1 em sua época: André Pinto Rebouças, o engenheiro negro do Império. Contaremos a sua hist6ria de vida e analisaremos as questões raciais enfrentadas por Rebouças. Apresentaremos também o pouco conhecido ponto de vista do Educador Rebouças sobre a formação completa do engenheiro, assim como, sua visão sobre a finalidade da ciência. Esperamos que educadores e educadoras de física - assim como áreas ligadas às exatas - se inspirem e utilizem este texto histórico para descolonizar/ decolonizar suas práxis educacionais.
Pressure ulcers related to prone positioning: a pandemic amidst a pandemic
Authors: Ramirez-Marin Hassiel Aurelio , Contreras-Yañez Irazu , Campos-Jimenez Karin Ivette , Molina-Murrieta Leticia , Huerta-Ramirez Yeni , Domínguez-Cherit Judith Guadalupe 
Published: June 2024

Objective: To explore the epidemiology and risk factors associated with the development of pressure ulcers (PUs) in patients receiving prone positioning (PP) ventilatory therapy; to compare the inflammatory status of patients who develop PUs with those who do not; and to describe the experience and useful findings that have allowed us to improve the management of these patients to reduce the incidence of PUs. Method: An observational, descriptive and longitudinal study was conducted, where sociodemographic and laboratory data were collected from patients who were hospitalised and required PP ventilatory therapy in critical care areas (CCA) during the months of May–October 2020. Results: From the total number of patients who required PP during their CCA stay (n=240), 202 (84.2%) developed a PU. The four most frequent areas where a PU appeared were: the head and neck (n=115); the pinna (n=21); the torso (n=21); and the lower limbs (n=21). Patients who developed PU were more frequently males with higher initial levels of creatinine phosphokinase and ferritin. The incidence for each month of follow-up decreased from 8.3% to 5.8%. Conclusion: Regardless of the intervention, a multidisciplinary approach is required to optimise the prevention and treatment of these wounds. While PUs are often the result of other medical conditions or poor health status in general, the vast majority of PUs are avoidable.
Clinical performance and safety of a debridement pad with abrasive and non-abrasive fibres
Authors: Stürmer Ewa , Debus Eike Sebastian , Atkin Leanne 
Published: June 2024

Background: Debridement is key to removing devitalised tissue, debris and biofilm as part of wound-bed preparation. Unlike many other methods of debridement, mechanical debridement with a pad is effective enough to be used independently without an adjunctive method of debridement, while being more accessible than other standalone options. Objective: To explore the clinical performance and safety of a debridement pad with both abrasive and non-abrasive surfaces in daily clinical practice. Methods: This was a prospective, non-controlled, non-randomised, single-arm, open-label, multicentred observational evaluation. Inclusion criteria were wounds >4 cm2 covered with at least 30% debris, necrotic tissue or slough in patients aged ≥18 years. The treatment protocol comprised a single application of the debridement pad. The primary outcome measure was the amount of necrotic tissue, slough or debris in the wound bed. Secondary outcomes included the appearance of the wound bed, edges and periwound skin; self-reported pain scores; foreseeable negative impacts; and clinician satisfaction. Results: A total of 62 participants with a variety of wound types were included in the analysis. Most wounds (87%) had been present for over 3 months and had high or moderate exudate levels (90%). A significant reduction was observed in all three parameters: necrotic tissue (p=0.043), slough (p<0.001) and debris (p<0.001). Necrotic tissue, slough and debris showed mean relative reductions of 40%, 72% and 40%, respectively. Of participants, 84% did not experience an increase in pain during the debridement procedure. Conclusion: This clinical real-world data shows the debridement pad to be an effective and well-tolerated device for debridement and wound bed preparation.
MicroRNA expression analysis in peripheral blood and soft-tissue of patients with periprosthetic hip infection
Authors: Paksoy Alp , Meller Sebastian , Schwotzer Florian , Moroder Philipp , Trampuz Andrej , Imiolczyk Jan-Philipp , Perka Carsten , Hackl Matthias , Plachel Fabian , Akgün Doruk 
Published: June 2024

AimsCurrent diagnostic tools are not always able to effectively identify periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Recent studies suggest that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) undergo changes under pathological conditions such as infection. The aim of this study was to analyze miRNA expression in hip arthroplasty PJI patients.MethodsThis was a prospective pilot study, including 24 patients divided into three groups, with eight patients each undergoing revision of their hip arthroplasty due to aseptic reasons, and low- and high-grade PJI, respectively. The number of intraoperative samples and the incidence of positive cultures were recorded for each patient. Additionally, venous blood samples and periarticular tissue samples were collected from each patient to determine miRNA expressions between the groups. MiRNA screening was performed by small RNA-sequencing using the miRNA next generation sequencing (NGS) discovery (miND) pipeline.ResultsOverall, several miRNAs in plasma and tissue were identified to be progressively deregulated according to ongoing PJI. When comparing the plasma samples, patients with a high-grade infection showed significantly higher expression levels for hsa-miR-21-3p, hsa-miR-1290, and hsa-miR-4488, and lower expression levels for hsa-miR-130a-3p and hsa-miR-451a compared to the aseptic group. Furthermore, the high-grade group showed a significantly higher regulated expression level of hsa-miR-1260a and lower expression levels for hsa-miR-26a-5p, hsa-miR-26b-5p, hsa-miR-148b-5p, hsa-miR-301a-3p, hsa-miR-451a, and hsa-miR-454-3p compared to the low-grade group. No significant differences were found between the low-grade and aseptic groups. When comparing the tissue samples, the high-grade group showed significantly higher expression levels for 23 different miRNAs and lower expression levels for hsa-miR-2110 and hsa-miR-3200-3p compared to the aseptic group. No significant differences were found in miRNA expression between the high- and low-grade groups, as well as between the low-grade and aseptic groups.ConclusionWith this prospective pilot study, we were able to identify a circulating miRNA signature correlating with high-grade PJI compared to aseptic patients undergoing hip arthroplasty revision. Our data contribute to establishing miRNA signatures as potential novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PJI.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(6):479–488.