bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radical trachelectomy versus radical hysterectomy for the treatment of early cervical cancer: a systematic review
Authors: XU LI , SUN FU‐QING , WANG ZAN‐HONG 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective. To assess the efficacy and safety of radical trachelectomy (RT) and radical hysterectomy (RH) for patients with early cervical cancer. Design. Systematic review with meta‐analysis. Population. Women who had early cervical cancer. Methods. Prospective controlled clinical trials comparing RT with RH were identified using a predefined search strategy. Recurrence, five‐year recurrence‐free survival rate, five‐year overall survival rate, postoperative mortality, intraoperative and postoperative complications between the two operations were compared by using the methods provided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results. Three controlled clinical trials involving 587 participants were included. Meta‐analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in recurrence rate [1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58–3.28, p=0.47], five‐year recurrence‐free survival rate (1.17; 95% CI 0.54–2.53, p=0.69), five‐year overall survival rate (0.86; 95% CI 0.30–2.43, p=0.78), postoperative mortality (1.14; 95% CI 0.42–3.11, p=0.80), intraoperative complications (1.66; 95% CI 0.11–25.28, p=0.72), postoperative complications (0.52; 95% CI 0.11–2.48, p=0.41), blood transfusion (0.29; 95% CI 0.06–1.36, p=0.12) and number of harvested lymph nodes. However, RT, compared with RH, reduced blood loss and shortened duration to normal urine residual volume and postoperative hospital stay. Moreover, RT may achieve to normal conception rates, while RH makes patients sterile. Conclusions. Radical trachelectomy has similar efficacy and safety to RH as the surgical treatment for early cervical cancer. Moreover, it reduced blood loss and shortened the duration to normal urine residual volumes and postoperative hospital stay. Radical trachelectomy can be used to treat early stage cervical cancer as an alternative operation for patients who wish to preserve fertility.
European Core Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students
Authors: Schulte A. G. , Pitts N. B. , Huysmans M. C. D. N. J. M. , Splieth C. , Buchalla W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAs dental caries prevalence is still high in many populations and groups of both children and adults worldwide, and as caries continues to be responsible for significant health, social and economic impacts, there is an urgent need for dental students to receive a systematic education in cariology based upon current best evidence. Although European curriculum guidelines for undergraduate students have been prepared in other dental fields over the last decade, none exist for cariology. Thus the European Organisation for Caries Research (ORCA) formed a task force to work with the Association of Dental Education in Europe (ADEE) on a European Core Curriculum in Cariology. In 2010, a workshop to develop such a curriculum was organised in Berlin, Germany, with 75 participants from 24 European and 3 North/South American countries. The Curriculum was debated by five pre‐identified working groups: I The Knowledge Base; II Risk Assessment, Diagnosis and Synthesis; III Decision‐Making and Preventive Non‐surgical Therapy; IV Decision‐making and Surgical Therapy; and V Evidence‐based Cariology in Clinical and Public Health Practice and then finalised jointly by the group chairs. According to this Curriculum, on graduation, a dentist must be competent at applying knowledge and understanding of the biological, medical, basic and applied clinical sciences in order to recognise caries and make decisions about its prevention and management in individuals and populations. This document, which presents several major and numerous supporting competences, does not confine itself to dental caries alone, but refers also to dental erosion/non‐erosive wear and other dental hard tissue disorders.
Involuntary psychiatric attendances at an Australasian emergency department: A comparison of police and health‐care worker initiated presentations
Authors: Llewellin Peter , Arendts Glenn , Weeden Jacqueline , Pethebridge Andrew 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective: To identify any significant differences in the population of patients brought in to a hospital ED under involuntary mental health orders, based on whether the orders are initiated by police or health professionals.Methods: A retrospective analysis of consecutive presentations to a tertiary hospital ED with a co‐located psychiatric emergency care centre over a 12 month period, with univariate and multivariate statistical comparisons.Results: Two hundred and eighty‐two patients (making 378 ED presentations) met the case definition and were analysed. Compared with patients on medical orders, patients on police orders had significantly more presentations related to violence, longer stays in ED and lower rates of admission to an inpatient bed, but were no more likely to require restraint or security intervention within the ED.Conclusions: Patients on police and medical orders differ considerably, but the impact of these differences on ED workload is small.
Internal and external resorption in a lower molar with an associated endodontic‐periodontic lesion: A case report
Authors: Komabayashi Takashi , Zhu Qiang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article describes a unique case in which both internal and external inflammatory resorption and endodontic‐periodontic lesions were present at the same time in the patient's left mandibular first molar. Based on clinical and radiographic findings, it was determined that the nature of this case was a pulpal infection‐induced inflammatory resorption and furcation lesion. After root canal therapy, the furcation lesion and external inflammatory resorption were completely resolved. This case indicates that the correct diagnosis of the stimulating factor for tooth resorption and determination of the primary origin of endodontic‐periodontic lesions are critical for clinical management and success.
Individual foraging site fidelity in lactating New Zealand fur seals: Continental shelf vs. oceanic habitats
Authors: Baylis Alastair M. M. , Page Brad , McKenzie Jane , Goldsworthy Simon D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWide‐ranging marine central place foragers often exhibit foraging site fidelity to oceanographic features over differing spatial scales (i.e., localized coastal upwellings and oceanic fronts). Few studies have tested how the degree of site fidelity to foraging areas varies in relation to the type of ocean features used. In order to determine how foraging site fidelity varied between continental shelf and oceanic foraging habitats, 31 lactating New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus australis forsteri1) were satellite tracked over consecutive foraging trips (14–108 d). Thirty‐seven foraging trips were recorded from 11 females that foraged on the continental shelf, in a region associated with a coastal upwelling, while 65 foraging trips were recorded from 20 females that foraged in oceanic waters. There were no significant differences in the mean bearings (to maximum distance) of individual's consecutive foraging trips, suggesting individual fidelity to foraging areas. However, overlap in area and time spent in area varied considerably between continental shelf and oceanic foragers. Females that foraged on the continental shelf had significantly greater overlap in consecutive foraging trips when compared to females that foraged in oceanic waters (overlap in 5 × 5 km grid cells visited on consecutive trips 55.9%± 20.4% and 13.4%± 7.6%, respectively). Females that foraged on the continental shelf also spent significantly more time within the same grid cell than females that foraged in oceanic waters (maximum time spent in 5 × 5 km grid cells: 14%± 5% and 4%± 2%, respectively). This comparatively high foraging site fidelity may reflect the concentration of productivity associated with a coastal upwelling system, the Bonney Upwelling. Lower foraging site fidelity recorded by seals that foraged in oceanic waters implies a lower density/larger scale habitat, where prey are more dispersed or less predictable at fine scales, when compared to the continental shelf region.
Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) population identity in the western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Castellote Manuel , Clark Christopher W. , Lammers Marc O. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractArchival bottom‐mounted audio recorders were deployed in nine different areas of the western Mediterranean Sea, Strait of Gibraltar, and adjacent North Atlantic waters during 2006–2009 to study fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) seasonal presence and population structure. Analysis of 29,822 recording hours revealed typical long, patterned sequences of 20 Hz notes (here called “song”), back‐beats, 135–140 Hz notes, and downsweeps. Acoustic parameters (internote interval, note duration, frequency range, center and peak frequencies) were statistically compared among songs and song notes recorded in all areas. Fin whale singers producing songs attributable to the northeastern North Atlantic subpopulation were detected crossing the Strait of Gibraltar and wintering in the southwestern Mediterranean Sea (Alboran basin), while songs attributed to the Mediterranean were detected in the northwest Mediterranean basin. These results suggest that the northeastern North Atlantic fin whale distribution extends into the southwest Mediterranean basin, and spatial and temporal overlap may exist between this subpopulation and the Mediterranean subpopulation. This new interpretation of the fin whale population structure in the western Mediterranean Sea has important ecological and conservation implications. The conventionally accepted distribution ranges of northeastern North Atlantic and Mediterranean fin whale subpopulations should be reconsidered in light of the results from this study.
Unemployment and widespread influenza in America, 1999–2010
Authors: Cornwell Benjamin 
Published: July 2011

Please cite this paper as: Cornwell B. (2012) Unemployment and widespread influenza in America, 1999–2010. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(1), 63–70.Background  Research shows that unemployment reduces access to health care and vaccines and increases financial difficulty, family conflict, and other sources of stress that are known to suppress immune function. In addition, seasonal unemployment rates parallel seasonal influenza activity. Following a theory that argues that macroeconomic conditions affect population health, this paper examines whether there is an association between monthly unemployment rates and influenza activity.Methods  Data from influenza activity surveillance reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are combined with information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics on state‐level unemployment rates in the U.S. for the flu seasons between 1999 and 2010. Pooled time‐series cross‐section logistic regression analyses are conducted to examine the effect of the unemployment rate on the likelihood of widespread and/or regional influenza activity in the 48 contiguous states throughout this period. A total of 3712 state‐month observations are examined.Results  Net of other factors included in the multivariate regression analysis, a one‐percentage‐point increment in the unemployment rate is associated with between a 7·1% and 37·0% increment in the odds of widespread influenza (Odds ratio = 1·21). Likewise, a one‐percentage‐point increment in the unemployment rate is associated with between a 17·1% and 44·7% increment in the odds of at least regional influenza (Odds ratio = 1·30). Results hold regardless of whether time‐varying state‐level characteristics are included.Conclusions  Higher state‐level unemployment increases the likelihood of regional and widespread influenza activity.
Group programmes in early intervention services
Authors: Cotton Sue M. , Luxmoore Marni , Woodhead Gina , Albiston Dianne D. , Gleeson John F.M. , McGorry Patrick D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim: Group interventions can be a developmentally appropriate treatment option for young people with mental illness; however, there is a paucity of research into these programmes. This study had three aims: (i) to document and compare both clinicians' and clients' reasons for referral to the Orygen Youth Health Recovery Group Program (RGP); (ii) to describe demographic characteristics of patients referred to the RGP; and (iii) to delineate and differentiate characteristics of clients who do and do not engage with the RGP's activities.Methods: Referral and assessment data from 212 clients referred to the RGP between July 2001 and November 2003 were collated and analysed.Results: Main reasons for referral to the programme were relationships followed by vocational/educational issues. Similarly, the most common goals identified by clients were around relationships, followed by time use and vocational issues. Clients referred to the RGP but who did not attend were more likely to have a psychotic disorder, to be older, unemployed and have difficulties with time management and substance use.Conclusions: Social functioning and vocation are important considerations in facilitating young people's recovery from mental illness. Such issues can be addressed within the context of psychosocial recovery group programmes. Further research is needed not only to address problems regarding client engagement but also to evaluate outcomes from participation in such programmes.
Effects of incisions made with electrocautery and scalpel on upper lip length: a pilot study
Authors: Parente E. , Coser R. , Passeado Branco Ribeiro D. , José Medeiros P. , de Moraes M. , Ritto F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To compare the changes in the upper lip (UL) length after performing incisions with scalpel and electrocautery for maxillary impaction.Patients and methods:  Patients submitted to maxillary superior repositioning greater than 3 mm were randomly assigned to two groups. Only cases with a smaller maxillary advancement were included. Incisions were made with scalpel in Group 1 and with electrocautery in Group 2. Pre‐ and post‐operative lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to calculate the changes in the UL length (subnasal and stomium superior), and superior movement of the UL relative to maxillary impaction.Results:  Sixteen patients that underwent maxillary impaction were evaluated. Four patients were previously excluded. The mean maxillary impaction was 4.85 mm and the mean advancement was 1.87 mm. The mean UL shortening was 0.53 mm, and the mean UL superior movement relative to maxillary impaction was 11.88%. In the five patients of Group 1, the mean lip shortening was 0.32 mm and superior movement of the UL relative to maxillary impaction was 10.91% on average. The seven patients of Group 2 presented a mean lip shortening of 0.68 mm, and superior movement of the UL relative to maxillary impaction was 15.41% on average.Conclusion:  Although Group 2 showed greater UL shortening than Group 1, it was not statistically significant.
Antidiabetic activity of gossypin, a pentahydroxyflavone glucoside, in streptozotocin‐induced experimental diabetes in rats
Authors: VENKATESAN Thamizhiniyan , SORIMUTHU PILLAI Subramanian 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:  Most of the currently available oral hypoglycemic drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus elicit detrimental side effects. Hence, the search for plant‐derived products for the treatment of diabetes continues. Gossypin, a pentahydroxy flavone glucoside found in the flowers of Hibiscus vitifolius, has many biological properties, including as an antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anticancer agent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of gossypin in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced experimental diabetes in rats.Methods:  Diabetic rats were administered 20 mg/kg per day gossypin orally for 30 days. On the 28th day, rats were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, blood glucose, plasma insulin, hemoglobin, and HbA1c levels were determined, as was the glycogen content of the liver and muscles. Plasma protein and blood urea were also estimated.Results:  Oral administration of gossypin to diabetic rats resulted in improved glucose tolerance. Increased blood glucose and HbA1c levels and the reduced plasma insulin and hemoglobin levels in diabetic rats were significantly reversed to near normal after oral administration of gossypin. Furthermore, the glycogen content of the liver and muscles was significantly improved after gossypin treatment of diabetic rats, and plasma protein and blood urea levels were almost normalized. The data obtained in gossypin‐treated rats were comparable with those obtained following gliclazide treatment of rats, a standard reference drug for diabetes.Conclusions:  The results of the present study indicate that gossypin has potent antidiabetic activity in STZ‐induced experimental diabetes in rats.
Is It Cost‐Effective To Increase Aspirin Use in Outpatient Settings for Primary or Secondary Prevention? Simulation Data from the REACH Registry Australian Cohort
Authors: Ademi Zanfina , Liew Danny , Hollingsworth Bruce , Steg Ph.Gabriel , Bhatt Deepak L. , Reid Christopher M. ,   on behalf of the REACH Registry Investigators
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYAims: To describe aspirin use in primary and secondary prevention and to determine the incremental costs‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) per life year gain (LYG) of aspirin use among subjects with, or at high risk of atherothrombotic disease. Design and Subjects: To project the cost‐effectiveness of aspirin over 5 years of follow‐up, a Markov state transition model was developed with yearly cycles and the following health states: “Alive” (post‐CAD) and “Dead.” The model compared current coverage observed among 2361 subjects using the prospective Australian subset of Reduction of Atherothrombosis for continued Health (REACH) registry, and hypothetical situation whereby all subjects assumed to be treated. Costs were calculated based on the Australian government reimbursed data for 2010. Main outcome measures: ICER per LYG for increased use of aspirin. Results: The use of aspirin in current group varied from 67% to 70%. The base‐case analysis showed that increasing aspirin use among subjects with existing CAD in outpatient settings was cost saving, while increasing use of aspirin in primary prevention equated to an ICER of AUD 7126 per LYG. Conclusion: Among subjects with existing CAD aspirin use was shown to be a dominant choice of treatment. However, among patients without existing cardiovascular disease (primary prevention), increased uptake of aspirin was cost effective but with uncertain benefit, with two hemorrhagic bleeding events occurring for every life saved.
Systematic kidney disease management in a population with diabetes mellitus: turning the tide of kidney failure
Authors: Rayner Hugh C , Hollingworth Lee , Higgins Robert , Dodds Simon 
Published: July 2011

ProblemA significant proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus do not get the benefit of treatment that would reduce their risk of progressive kidney disease and reach a nephrologist once significant loss of kidney function has already occurred.DesignSystematic disease management of patients with diabetes and kidney disease.SettingDiverse population (approximately 800 000) in and around Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.Key measures for improvementNumber of outpatient appointments, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at first contact with nephrologist, number of patients starting kidney replacement therapy (KRT) and mode of KRT at start.Strategy for changeIdentification of patients with low or deteriorating trend in eGFR from weekly database review, specialist diabetes–kidney clinic, self-management of blood pressure and transfer to multidisciplinary clinic >12 months before end-stage kidney disease.Effects of changeNew patients increased from 62 in 2003 to 132 in 2010; follow-ups fell from 251 to 174. Median eGFR at first clinic visit increased from 28.8 ml/min/1.73 m2(range 6.1–67.0) in 2000/2001 to 35.0 (11.1–147.5) in 2010 (p<0.006). In 2010, the number of patients starting KRT fell 30% below the projected activity using 1993–2003 data as baseline (p<0.003). The proportion starting KRT with either a kidney transplant, peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis via an arteriovenous fistula increased from 26% in 2000 to 55% in 2010.Lessons learnedSystematic disease management across a large population significantly improves patient outcomes, increases the productivity of a specialist service and could reduce healthcare costs compared with the current model of care.
Exposure to wood smoke particles produces inflammation in healthy volunteers
Authors: Ghio Andrew J , Soukup Joleen M , Case Martin , Dailey Lisa A , Richards Judy , Berntsen Jon , Devlin Robert B , Stone Susan , Rappold Ana 
Published: July 2011

ObjectivesHuman exposure to wood smoke particles (WSP) impacts on human health through changes in indoor air quality, exposures from wild fires, burning of biomass and air pollution. This investigation tested the postulate that healthy volunteers exposed to WSP would demonstrate evidence of both pulmonary and systemic inflammation.MethodsTen volunteers were exposed to filtered air and, 3 weeks or more later, WSP. Each exposure included alternating 15 min of exercise and 15 min of rest for a total duration of 2 h. Wood smoke was generated by heating an oak log on an electric element and then delivered to the exposure chamber. Endpoints measured in the volunteers included symptoms, pulmonary function tests, measures of heart rate variability and repolarisation, blood indices and analysis of cells and fluid obtained during bronchoalveolar lavage.ResultsMean particle mass for the 10 exposures to air and WSP was measured using the mass of particles collected on filters and found to be below the detectable limit and 485±84 μg/m3, respectively (mean±SD). There was no change in either symptom prevalence or pulmonary function with exposure to WSP. At 20 h after wood smoke exposure, blood tests demonstrated an increased percentage of neutrophils, and bronchial and bronchoalveolar lavage revealed a neutrophilic influx.ConclusionsWe conclude that exposure of healthy volunteers to WSP may be associated with evidence of both systemic and pulmonary inflammation.
Smoking cessation medications and cigarettes in Guatemala pharmacies
Authors: Viteri Ernesto , Barnoya Joaquin , Hudmon Karen Suchanek , Solorzano Pedro J 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundGuatemala, a party to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), is obliged to promote the wider availability of smoking cessation treatment and to restrict tobacco advertising. Pharmacies are fundamental in providing smoking cessation medications but also might increase the availability of cigarettes.PurposeTo assess availability of cessation medications and cigarettes and their corresponding advertising in Guatemala pharmacies.MethodsIn Guatemala City a representative sample was selected from a list of registered pharmacies classified by type (non-profit, chain, independent). In addition, all pharmacies in the neighbouring town of Antigua were included for comparison. Trained surveyors used a checklist to characterise each pharmacy with respect to availability and advertising of cessation medications and cigarettes.ResultsA total of 505 pharmacies were evaluated. Cessation medications were available in 115 (22.8%), while cigarettes were available in 29 (5.7%) pharmacies. When available, medications were advertised in 1.7% (2) and cigarettes in 72.4% (21) of pharmacies. Chain pharmacies were significantly more likely to sell cessation medications and cigarettes, and to advertise cigarettes than were non-profit and independent pharmacies.ConclusionMost pharmacies in Guatemala do not stock cessation medications or cigarettes. Cigarette advertising was more prevalent than advertising for cessation medications. FCTC provisions have not been implemented in Guatemala pharmacies.