bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Chilli Genotypes: A Study of Morphological and Nutritional Traits
Authors: Patel J. S. , Prajapati K. N. , Tiwari Kapil , Chaudhari M. K. , Gondaliya S. B. , Joshi V. A. , Vyas S. R. 
Published: June 2024

Capsicum spp., a member of the Solanaceae family, is a widely used vegetable crop that is mostly used as a spice, condiment, medicine, and vegetable. It is also a major source of vitamins A and C. There are about 22 wild and five cultivated species in the genus Capsicum. C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. Chinense, C. frutescens and C. pubescens are the species that are grown. Indian chilli peppers have become a major player in the world market for chilli peppers. India is the world's biggest producer, consumer, and exporter of chilli, making it unique in the world market. Over 40 per cent of the world's total chilli production comes from India. This study was planned to check the morphological and nutritional attributes of different chilli varieties/genotypes. Plant height ranged from 66.83 to 84.65 cm, while yield varied from 4699.08 to 7115.75 kg/ha. There was a noticeable variation in moisture content, ranging from 6.36% to 8.37%. JCH-799 had the lowest protein content while Gholar had the highest concentration. Similarly, the percentage of carbohydrates ranged from 61.93% to 69.69%. JCH-18-835 and Kashmiri had the highest ascorbic acid content, ranging from 76.92 to 112.82 mg/100gm. Total phenol content was found from 1.75% to 2.14%. The principal component analyses (PCA) of plant height and yield of chilli and biochemical traits. The eigenvalue-based evaluation of economically useful features to identify the components that have a major influence on chilli genotype yield. The PCA revealed four principle components (PC) with eigenvalues greater than one, which explained roughly 77.17% of the overall variability. PC analysis revealed that PC-1 has the largest variation in eigenvalues (2.709), followed by PC-2 (1.589), and PC-3 (1.103). These findings show that there is genetic diversity amongst chilli, which can be leveraged to create high-yielding varieties with improved nutritional value.
DEM‐simulation of the magnetic field enhanced cake filtration
Authors: Eichholz Christian , Nirschl Hermann , Chen Fei , Hatton T. Alan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUsing the discrete element method, we simulate numerically the cake formation and growth in magnetic field enhanced cake filtration to give further insight on the mechanisms of the structuring of the filter cake due to the interaction of magnetic, hydrodynamic, and mass forces. The motion of the discrete particles is obtained by applying the three‐dimensional Newton's equations to individual particles, allowing for both external forces (gravity, applied magnetic field) and particle–particle interactions calculated using the modified DLVO‐theory. Continuous liquid phase flow is assumed as one‐dimensional. The simulation results compare favorably with reported experimental data,1 and can be used to delineate the regimes associated with different liquid flow and magnetic field effects that are observed experimentally. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Selbstorganisierte Gelbildner für die organische Elektronik
Authors: Babu Sukumaran Santhosh , Prasanthkumar Seelam , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDie Natur erzeugt Materialien durch chemische Synthese und molekulare Selbstorganisation unter Beteiligung nichtkovalenter Kräfte. Wissenschaftler haben von diesen Phänomenen gelernt und dieses Wissen genutzt, um selbstorganisierte künstliche Materialien vielfältiger Größen, Formen und Eigenschaften für ein breites Spektrum von Anwendungen herzustellen. Ein besonders interessantes Gebiet ist die lösungsmittelunterstützte Gelierung funktioneller organischer Moleküle zur Bildung eindimensionaler Fasern. Solche Fasern weisen hervorragende elektronische Eigenschaften auf und sind vielversprechende Materialien für die organische Elektronik, insbesondere für Heterokontakt‐Solarzellen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beschreibt, wie Methoden der molekularen Selbstorganisation zur Entwicklung weicher funktioneller Materialien mit Anwendungen in elektronischen Bauelementen wie organischen Feldeffekttransistoren und organischen Solarzellen beigetragen haben.
Recovery of cerium(III) from aqueous solutions by complexation—ultrafiltration process
Authors: Zeng Jianxian , He Qincheng , Zhou Hu , Sun Xiahui , Zhang Jiaojiao 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTComplexation–ultrafiltration process was investigated for cerium(III) recovery from aqueous solutions by using poly (acrylic acid) sodium salt (PAASS) as a complexing agent. The adsorption of cerium(III) on PAASS was preliminarily studied at different pH values. Next, effects of pH, polymer metal ratio (PMR), calcium(II) and competitive complexing agents on permeate flux (J) and cerium rejection coefficient (R) were investigated in the total recirculation mode. Finally, the integrations of four experiments including concentration, decomplexation, regeneration of PAASS and reuse of regenerated PAASS were carried out. Obtained results show that the adsorption can be described well using the Langmuir equation. If pH is reduced below 4, J decreases rapidly. PMR has negligible effect on J. R increases with increasing pH or PMR. Calcium(II) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt have the effects on R, but these effects can decrease by increasing pH. Tartrate sodium does not influence R. In the process of concentration, J declines slowly, and R is about 1. It takes 40 min to reach the decomplexation equilibrium at pH 3. The decomplexation percentage of cerium(III)–PAASS complex is about 70%. In the regeneration of PAASS, cerium(III) can be removed effectively, and the purification of regenerated PAASS is acceptably satisfactory. The binding capacity of regenerated PAASS is close to that of fresh PAASS, and the recovery percentage of binding capacity is higher than 90%. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is three‐dimensional videography the cutting edge of surgical skill acquisition?
Authors: Roach Victoria A. , Brandt Michael G. , Moore Corey C. , Wilson Timothy D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe process of learning new surgical technical skills is vital to the career of a surgeon. The acquisition of these new skills is influenced greatly by visual‐spatial ability (VSA) and may be difficult for some learners to rapidly assimilate. In many cases, the role of VSA on the acquisition of a novel technical skill has been explored; however, none have probed the impact of a three‐dimensional (3D) video learning module on the acquisition of new surgical skills. The first aim of this study is to capture spatially complex surgical translational flaps using 3D videography and incorporate the footage into a self‐contained e‐learning module designed in line with the principles of cognitive load theory. The second aim is to assess the efficacy of 3D video as a medium to support the acquisition of complex surgical skills in novice surgeons as evaluated using a global ratings scale. It is hypothesized that the addition of depth in 3D viewing will augment the learner's innate visual spatial abilities, thereby enhancing skill acquisition compared to two‐dimensional viewing of the same procedure. Despite growing literature suggesting that 3D correlates directly to enhanced skill acquisition, this study did not differentiate significant results contributing to increased surgical performance. This topic will continue to be explored using more sensitive scales of measurement and more complex “open procedures” capitalizing on the importance of depth perception in surgical manipulation. Anat Sci Educ. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
A Basic Tutorial on Cyclic Voltammetry for the Investigation of Electroactive Microbial Biofilms
Authors: Harnisch Falk , Freguia Stefano 
Published: January 2012

AbstractElectroactive microbial biofilms and the microorganisms embedded therein are not only of crucial fundamental interest because they play an important role in redox cycles that occur in nature, they are also attracting increasing attention as key component of microbial bioelectrochemcial systems (BES). In these systems, interconversion of chemical and electrical energy and the associated exchange of electrons between living microbial cells and solid electrodes take place. The fascinating prospects and promise of BES technology have considerably increased the research on electroactive microbial biofilms over recent years. As a consequence, the research community is truly multifaceted, with backgrounds and interests ranging from molecular biology, via chemistry, to engineering. One of the most‐important and most‐widespread applied electrochemical techniques is cyclic voltammetry (CV). This Focus Review illustrates the power of this electrochemical technique and the versatility of the information that can be gained by its application for the electrochemical freshman. This Review will also pinpoint hurdles in using this technique, especially for the non‐electrochemist, and the limitations of present models for data analysis. Because it aims to be a basic introduction, this Review will not discuss the latest intricacies in the field.
A model mechanism for protein precipitation by caprylic acid: Application to plasma purification
Authors: Morais Victor , Massaldi Hugo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA model for the mechanism of protein precipitation by caprylic acid (CA) is developed on the basis of quantitative assays of precipitation with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and CA at different concentrations. It was found that the effect of CA is due to direct interaction with the precipitating protein. Maximum precipitation was achieved when the mass ratio of CA–BSA was close to 1, equivalent to about 450 CA molecules per molecule of BSA. This value was confirmed by optimizing the CA purification of immunoglobulins from equine blood plasma. With a sample diluted 1:1, it was found that CA at a final concentration of 3.5% is optimal to obtain immunoglobulins essentially free of albumin by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It is proposed that CA binds to specific sites of the protein, thereby inducing partial unfolding of the protein, which exposes additional binding sites. More CA molecules incorporate into all sites in the form of mixed micelles. Thus, the interfacial protein surface becomes highly hydrophobic and increases protein–protein attraction, causing association and precipitation of the macromolecular complexes.
Validation of a microscale extraction and high‐throughput UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS analysis method for huperzine A in Huperzia
Authors: Cuthbertson Daniel , Piljac‐Žegarac Jasenka , Lange Bernd Markus 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTHerein we report on an improved method for the microscale extraction of huperzine A (HupA), an acetylcholinesterase‐inhibiting alkaloid, from as little as 3 mg of tissue homogenate from the clubmoss Huperzia squarrosa (G. Forst.) Trevis with 99.95% recovery. We also validated a novel UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS method for the high‐throughput analysis of H. squarrosa extracts in only 6 min, which, in combination with the very low limit of detection (20 pg on column) and the wide linear range for quantification (20–10,000 pg on column), allow for a highly efficient screening of extracts containing varying amounts of HupA. Utilization of this methodology has the potential to conserve valuable plant resources. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery of the Rhizopodin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Stigmatella aurantiaca Sg a15 by Genome Mining
Authors: Pistorius Dominik , Müller Rolf 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe field of bacterial natural product research is currently undergoing a paradigm change concerning the discovery of natural products. Previously most efforts were based on isolation of the most abundant compound in an extract, or on tracking bioactivity. However, traditional activity‐guided approaches are limited by the available test panels and frequently lead to the rediscovery of already known compounds. The constantly increasing availability of bacterial genome sequences provides the potential for the discovery of a huge number of new natural compounds by in silico identification of biosynthetic gene clusters. Examination of the information on the biosynthetic machinery can further prevent rediscovery of known compounds, and can help identify so far unknown biosynthetic pathways of known compounds. By in silico screening of the genome of the myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca Sg a15, a trans‐AT polyketide synthase/non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS/NRPS) gene cluster was identified that could not be correlated to any secondary metabolite known to be produced by this strain. Targeted gene inactivation and analysis of extracts from the resulting mutants by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC‐HRMS), in combination with the use of statistical tools resulted in the identification of a compound that was absent in the mutants extracts. By matching with our in‐house database of myxobacterial secondary metabolites, this compound was identified as rhizopodin. A detailed analysis of the rhizopodin biosynthetic machinery is presented in this manuscript.
A water‐soluble calix[4]resorcinarene with L‐pipecolinic acid groups as a chiral NMR solvating agent
Authors: Pham Ngoc H. , Wenzel Thomas J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA sulfonated calix[4]resorcinarene containing L‐pipecolinic acid groups is investigated as a water‐soluble chiral NMR solvating agent. Aromatic substrates with phenyl, indole, indane, naphthyl, and pyridyl rings are analyzed. The substrates, which are water soluble because of ammonium, hydroxyl, or carboxylate functional groups, form host–guest complexes by insertion of the aromatic ring into the cavity of the calix[4]resorcinarene. Enantiomeric discrimination with the calix[4]resorcinarene derivative with L‐pipecolinic acid is compared with similar reagents with proline, hydroxyproline, and α‐methylproline moieties that have previously been reported. The derivative with L‐pipecolinic acid often produces the best enantiomeric discrimination for one or more hydrogen atoms of the 24 substrates examined herein. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and application of the first planar chiral strong brønsted acid organocatalysts
Authors: Enders Dieter , Ludwig Monika , Raabe Gerhard 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of planar chiral strong Brønsted acid organocatalysts derived from [2.2]paracyclophane is described. Resolution was accomplished according to a modified protocol involving pseudo‐ortho‐substituted [2.2]paracyclophane‐based sulfoxides for the synthesis of three new sulfonic acids. The first planar chiral phosphoric acid diester was obtained from the corresponding phenyl‐substituted diol derived from enantiopure 4‐bromo‐12‐hydroxy [2.2]paracyclophane. These new classes of catalysts were tested in an enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reaction as well as in a direct asymmetric Mannich reaction and gave yields of up to 93% and ee‐values of up to 38%. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asymmetric Michael reaction of aldehydes with β‐nitroalkenes catalyzed by pyrrolidine–camphor derived organocatalysts bearing hydrogen‐bond donors
Authors: Weng Jiang , Ai Hui‐Bing , Luo, Ren‐Shi , Lu Gui 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSeveral pyrrolidine–camphor derived organocatalysts were designed and synthesized. These organocatalysts were used for direct Michael reaction of aldehydes with nitroalkenes to give the desired γ‐nitrocarbonyl compounds in high yields (up to 99%), high diastereoselectivities (syn:anti up to 92:8), and good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 94% ee). Possible transition‐state model was also proposed for this asymmetric transformation, which may involve hydrogen‐bond interactions between the nucleophilic enamine formed in situ and the nitroalkenes. Chirality, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of the Formation of Pores in Solid State Materials
Authors: Klank Dietmar , Lohmeier Sven Jare 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Entstehung und Charakterisierung des Porensystems sowie der Oberflächeneigenschaften von mikro‐ und mesoporösen zeolithischen Verbindungen in Form von Aluminiumphosphaten, mikroporösen Kohlen, Baustoffen am Beispiel des Zementsteins und natürlichen Bodenproben. Im Detail wird dabei auf die Untersuchungen der verschiedenen Materialien mittels Gasadsorption eingegangen und die Interpretation der Daten, insbesondere bei speziellen Sorptionsphänomenen wie kinetischer Hemmung, Sorptionshysteresen und Porensystemen, die sich zeitlich verändern, diskutiert.
Methods to Characterize the Dispersability of Carbon Nanotubes and Their Length Distribution
Authors: Krause Beate , Mende Mandy , Petzold Gudrun , Boldt Regine , Pötschke Petra 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEs werden zwei Eigenschaften von Carbon Nanotube (CNT)‐Materialien näher untersucht. Zum einen wird eine Methode zur Charakterisierung der Dispergierbarkeit von CNT‐Materialien in wässrigen Tensid‐Lösungen vorgestellt, aus der auch Schlussfolgerungen zur Dispergierbarkeit in anderen Medien, wie Polymerschmelzen, gezogen werden können. Zum anderen wird gezeigt, wie die Länge von CNTs vor und nach der Verarbeitung, z. B. nach Schmelzemischen mit Thermoplasten, quantifiziert werden kann. Beide Methoden werden mit Beispielen unterlegt und die praktische Relevanz aufgezeigt.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Hydroxamic Tertiary Amines as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
Authors: Terracciano Stefania , Chini Maria Giovanna , Riccio Raffaele , Bruno Ines , Bifulco Giuseppe 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHerein we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new hydroxamic tertiary amines as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. These compounds have allowed us to clarify the influence of cap group dimension and hydrophobicity on HDAC inhibitory activity. This report also reveals the recognition pattern between the linear compounds and the histone deacetylase‐like protein (HDLP) model receptor, and discusses the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of HDAC inhibitory activity in HeLa cell nuclear extracts. We obtained good qualitative agreement between experimental results and theoretical predictions, confirming that appropriately substituted hydroxamic tertiary amines are potential active HDAC inhibitors.
Probabilistic Methods for Discrete Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Chatterjee Sourav , Kirkpatrick Kay 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe show that the thermodynamics of the focusing cubic discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation are exactly solvable in dimension 3 and higher. A number of explicit formulas are derived. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bayesian‐Inference‐Based Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy and Single‐Molecule Burst Analysis Reveal the Influence of Dye Selection on DNA Hairpin Dynamics
Authors: Kügel Wolfgang , Muschielok Adam , Michaelis Jens 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a powerful tool to gain information about dynamics of biomolecules. However, the key problem is to extract the rates hidden in the FCS data by fitting the data to a meaningful model. A number of different fitting approaches have been described in recent years but the extraction of relevant information to date has still been limited by numerous experimental problems and the fact that the set of starting parameter values chosen could often predefine the result. We establish a new way to globally analyze FCS data based on Bayesian inference to overcome these issues. Moreover, the influence of other remaining experimental error sources, for example, photophysics, is excluded by additional means. Using this approach in combination with the results from single‐molecule burst analysis, we investigate the kinetics of DNA hairpins labeled with a variety of different fluorescent probes as a function of the salt concentration. We find that the rates of hairpin opening and closing as well as the equilibrium constant of the transition depend on the characteristics of the dye molecules used to label the hairpin. Thus, great caution has to be used when utilizing dye molecules as reporters for the kinetics of dynamic macromolecular structures.
Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of ZnO/SnO2 Heterojunction Photocatalysts with Excellent Photocatalytic Activity and Photostability
Authors: Zheng Lirong , Zheng Yuanhui , Chen Chongqi , Zhan Yingying , Lin Xinyi , Zheng Qi , Wei Kemei 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA series of porous ZnO/SnO2 heterojunction photocatalysts with different Sn contents were successfully synthesized through a simple one‐pot solvothermal method. The evolution of particle size, composition, texture structure, and photocatalytic performance as a function of Sn content was systematically studied. It is found that the as‐synthesized ZnO/SnO2 heterojunction photocatalysts show much higher photocatalytic activity than ZnO, SnO2, SnxZn1−xO2, and ZnO/Zn2SnO4. Photocorrosion of ZnO was observed, for all samples that contain ZnO nanocrystals, during the photocatalytic process. The photostability of ZnO/SnO2 samples containing small ZnO nanoparticles were significantly enhanced. The most photostable ZnO/SnO2 sample exhibits at least 6.5 times higher photostability than pure ZnO sample. It is proposed that the photocatalytic activities and photostability of the ZnO/SnO2 photocatalysts are determined by the photogenerated carrier transport rates at the SnO2–ZnO and ZnO–electrolyte interfaces.
Porous Frameworks Based on Carborane–Ln2(CO2)6: Architecture Influenced by Lanthanide Contraction and Selective CO2 Capture
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Li , Lin Yue‐Jian , Yu Wei‐Bin , Jin Guo‐Xin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA series of microporous lanthanide coordination polymers containing p‐dicarboxylate carborane ligand (1–8) have been synthesized from the reactions of 1,12‐dihydroxycarbonyl‐1,12‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane (p‐CDCH2) with rare earth metals. Based on the well‐known effect of lanthanide contraction, three distinct structure types were isolated: Structure type I crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with formula {[Ln2(p‐CDC)3S6]⋅χS}n (S=solvent molecules, such as H2O, MeOH, and DMF), Ln=Yb3+ (1), Y3+ (2), Tb3+ (3), Gd3+ (4), Sm3+ (6) and structure type II also crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with formula {[Eu2(p‐CDC)3(MeOH)2(H2O)4]⋅[Eu2(p‐CDC)3(H2O)4(DMF)2]⋅2DMF}n (5). Nevertheless, structure type III crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with formula {[Ln2(p‐CDC)3(MeOH)4(DMF)2]⋅2 MeOH}n, Ln=Ce3+ (7) and La3+ (8). The structures of type I polymers consist of four‐connected 2D lamellar networks, but type II and type III polymers are composed of six‐connected 3D structures. Gas sorption property of compound 1’ was studied, which showed selective CO2 capture over CH4 and N2.