bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stressful life events and the tripartite model: Relations to anxiety and depression in adolescent females
Authors: Fox Jeremy K. , Halpern Leslie F. , Ryan Julie L. , Lowe Kelly A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAlthough the tripartite model reliably distinguishes anxiety and depression in adolescents, it remains unclear how negative affectivity (NA) and positive affectivity (PA) influence developmental pathways to internalizing problems. Based on models which propose that affectivity shapes how youth react to stress, the present study attempted to investigate the relative roles of NA, PA, and stressful life events in characterizing and differentiating adolescent anxiety and depression. A sample of adolescent females (N= 63), including a sub‐sample of adolescent mothers, completed measures of NA, PA, negative life event (NLE) occurrence, anxiety, and depression. Findings supported the tripartite model as a “temperamental reactivity to stress” approach. Anxious and depressive symptoms were predicted by a combination of high NA and high NLE occurrence. However, a combination of low PA and high NLE occurrence was uniquely linked to greater depressive symptoms. Implications of these findings for early identification and prevention programs are discussed.
Total laparoscopic radical parametrectomy, partial colpectomy, and pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with occult cervical cancer
Authors: Buda Alessandro , Pellegrino Antonio , Vitobello Domenico , Meroni Mario Giuseppe , Recalcati Dario , Perego Patrizia 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess total laparoscopic radical parametrectomy (TLRP) with pelvic lymphadenectomy and partial colpectomy as a safe and feasible treatment option for patients with occult cervical cancer.MethodsTwelve patients with occult invasive cervical cancer underwent TLRP after prior extrafascial hysterectomy.ResultsNo intraoperative complications occurred. Two patients experienced postoperative complications: an iliac lymphocyst with pyelectasis, and a vaginal evisceration that occurred during sexual intercourse. Nine patients required no further treatment. One patient with residual disease received brachytherapy as adjuvant treatment. Two patients with positive nodes not detected at preoperative work‐up received adjuvant concomitant radiochemotherapy.ConclusionTLRP with pelvic lymphadenectomy is a safe and feasible treatment in patients with occult invasive cervical cancer discovered after extrafascial hysterectomy.
Synchronization of late-glacial vegetation changes at Crystal Lake, Illinois, USA with the North Atlantic Event Stratigraphy
Authors: Gonzales Leila M. , Grimm Eric C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLate-glacial (17–11 cal ka BP) pollen records from midwestern North America show similar vegetation trends; however, poor dating resolution, wide-interval pollen counts, and variable sedimentation rates have prevented the direct correlation with the North Atlantic Event Stratigraphy as represented in the Greenland ice-core records, thus preventing the understanding of the teleconnections and mechanisms of late-Quaternary events in the Northern Hemisphere. The widespread occurrence of late-glacial vegetation and climates with no modern analogs also hinders late-glacial climate reconstructions. A high-resolution pollen record with a well-controlled age model from Crystal Lake in northeastern Illinois reveals vegetation and climate conditions during the late-glacial and early Holocene intervals. Late-glacial Crystal Lake pollen assemblages, dominated by Picea mariana and Fraxinus nigra with lesser amounts of Abies and Larix, suggest relatively wet climate despite fluctuations between colder and warmer temperatures. Vegetation changes at Crystal Lake are coeval with millennial-scale trends in the NGRIP ice-core record, but major shifts in vegetation at Crystal Lake lag the NGRIP record by 300–400 yr. This lag may be due to the proximity of the Laurentide ice sheet, the ice sheet's inherent slowness in response to rapid climate changes, and its effect on frontal boundary conditions and lake-effect temperatures.
Isotopic evidence for temporal variation in proportion of seasonal precipitation since the last glacial time in the inland Pacific Northwest of the USA
Authors: Takeuchi Akinori , Goodwin Angela J. , Moravec Bryan G. , Larson Peter B. , Keller C. Kent 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLarge-scale atmospheric circulation patterns determine the quantity and seasonality of precipitation, the major source of water in most terrestrial ecosystems. Oxygen isotope (δ18O) dynamics of the present-day hydrologic system in the Palouse region of the northwestern U.S.A. indicate a seasonal correlation between the δ18O values of precipitation and temperature, but no seasonal trends of δ18O records in soil water and shallow groundwater. Their isotope values are close to those of winter precipitation because the Palouse receives ∼ 75% of its precipitation during winter. Palouse Loess deposits contain late Pleistocene pedogenic carbonate having ca. 2 to 3‰ higher δ18O values and up to 5‰ higher carbon isotope (δ13C) values than Holocene and modern carbonates. The late Pleistocene δ18O values are best explained by a decrease in isotopically light winter precipitation relative to the modern winter-dominated infiltration. The δ13C values are attributed to a proportional increase of atmospheric CO2 in soil CO2 due to a decrease in soil respiration rate and 13C discrimination in plants under much drier paleoclimate conditions than today. The regional climate difference was likely related to anticyclonic circulation over the Pleistocene Laurentide and Ice Sheet.
HIV SEROSTATUS DISCLOSURE PATTERN AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN ENUGU, NIGERIA
Authors: EZEGWUI H. U. , NWOGU-IKOJO E. E. , ENWEREJI J. O. , DIM C. C. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryThis study was carried out in two medical facilities in Enugu, Nigeria, from September to November 2007. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from HIV-positive pregnant women accessing PMTCT (prevention of maternal-to-child transmission) services at the two centres. Ninety-two women were interviewed: 89 (96.7%) had disclosed their status, while 3 (3.3%) had not. Of the 89 women who had disclosed, 84 (94.4%) had disclosed to partners, 82 (92.1%) to husbands, 2 (2.2%) to fiancés, 18 (20.2%) to sisters, 13 (14.6%) to mothers, 10 (11.2%) to brothers, 10 (11.2%) to fathers and 10 (11.2%) to priests. Fifty-two (58.4%) gave emotional support as the reason for disclosure and 46 (51.7%) gave economic and financial support as reasons. Fifty-six (62.9%) reported understanding from partner as a positive outcome and 44 (49.4%) reported financial support. Forty-six (51.7%) reported no negative outcome. Serostatus disclosure rate in this study was high with most women disclosing to their partners.
Macroeconomic Outcomes and the Relative Position of Argentina's Economy, 1875–2000
Authors: VILLARROYA ISABEL SANZ 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper attempts to investigate the main factors behind Argentina's relative economic decline by comparing its evolution with that of Australia and Canada. For this purpose a ‘reduced index of economic freedom’ has been constructed in order to capture and summarise the principal macroeconomic trends in Argentina compared with the other regions of recent settlement during the period between 1875 and 2000. The results, obtained using cointegration and causality techniques, show how the macroeconomic policies that were implemented are able to explain the relative evolution of Argentina's economy, in terms of GDP per capita, over the long term. The results revise some of the interpretations prevalent in Argentine historiography.
From Globalisation to Revolution? The Porfirian Political Economy: An Essay on Issues and Interpretations
Authors: RIGUZZI PAOLO 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis essay evaluates the political economy of Mexico during the Porfirian period (1876–1911), with the aim of discussing advances in scholarship and presenting an outline of the elements for a future research agenda. To this end, the essay examines the current state of knowledge on four crucial aspects of the Mexican economy: growth and its dimensions; the state, finance and economic strategies; the construction and functioning of the internal market; and the international economic relations of Mexico during the first period of globalisation. In particular, it assesses the arguments that link features of Porfirian economic organisation with the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution in 1910.
Making Transitions Pay: An Assessment of the Dutch Life-Course Scheme
Authors: VAN HUIZEN THOMAS , PLANTENGA JANNEKE 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIntroducing individual savings accounts into the system of social security may be an innovative way to reorganise European social security systems. This article examines the merits and drawbacks of this modernisation strategy using the Transitional Labour Market approach as a frame of reference. On the basis of normative criteria derived from this approach, we perform an evaluation of the Dutch life-course scheme (‘Levensloopregeling’). This scheme is a unique and pioneering arrangement that offers employees a fiscally facilitated option to save money to finance periods of unpaid leave. Following the assessment of the Dutch case, we identify several pitfalls of reforms based on individual savings accounts. Finally, we put forward some proposals to overcome these shortcomings.
Quantifying the propagule load associated with the construction of an Antarctic research station
Authors: Lee Jennifer E. , Chown Steven L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAlthough the impacts of biological invasions are widely appreciated, a bias exists in research effort to post dispersal processes because of the difficulties of measuring propagule pressure. Here we quantify the propagule pressure associated with the construction of a research station in Antarctica. Based on quantitative assessment of different classes of cargo, we predict that over 5000 seeds will be entrained during the period of building the station. Seeds from 34 taxa were identified, including known invasive species.
Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of upper respiratory tract infection in pregnant women
Authors: Li Lin , Werler Martha M 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe present study evaluated the association between fruit and vegetable intake and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) during pregnancy.DesignIn a cohort of 1034 North American women, each subject was asked retrospectively about their fruit and vegetable intake during the six months before the pregnancy and their occurrences of URTI during the first half of pregnancy. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were calculated with Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsThe adjusted HR of URTI for women in the highest quartile (median 8·54 servings/d)v. the lowest quartile (median 1·91 servings/d) of total fruit and vegetable intake was 0·74 (95 % CI 0·53, 1·05) for the 5-month follow-up period and 0·61 (95 % CI 0·39, 0·97) for the 3-month follow-up period, respectively. A dose-related reduction of URTI risk according to quartile of intake was found in the 3-month (Pfor trend = 0·03) but not the 5-month follow-up. No association was found between either fruit or vegetable intake alone in relation to the 5-month or the 3-month risk of URTI.ConclusionsWomen who consume more fruits and vegetables have a moderate reduction in risk of URTI during pregnancy, and this benefit appears to be derived from both fruits and vegetables instead of either alone.
Psychrophilic methanogenic community development during long-term cultivation of anaerobic granular biofilms
Authors: McKeown Rory M , Scully Colm , Enright Anne-Marie , Chinalia Fabio A , Lee Changsoo , Mahony Thérèse , Collins Gavin , O'Flaherty Vincent 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Granular biomass was temporally sampled from a cold (4–15 °C) anaerobic bioreactor, which was inoculated with mesophilic biomass and used to treat industrial wastewater in a long-term (3.4 year) study. Data from 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, quantitative PCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses indicated that microbial community structure was dynamic, with shifts in the archaeal and bacterial communities' structures observed following start-up and during temperature decreases from 15 to 9.5 °C (phase 1). Specifically, the relative abundance of architecturally important Methanosaeta-like (acetoclastic) methanogens decreased, which was concomitant with granule disintegration and the development of a putatively psychrophilic hydrogenotrophic methanogenic community. Genetic fingerprinting suggested the development of a psychroactive methanogenic community between 4 and 10 °C (phase 2), which was dominated by acetogenic bacteria and Methanocorpusculum-like (hydrogenotrophic) methanogens. High levels of Methanosaeta-like acetoclastic methanogens and granular biofilm integrity were maintained during phase 2. Overall, decreasing temperature resulted in distinctly altered microbial community structure during phase 1, and the development of a less dynamic psychroactive methanogenic consortium during phase 2. Moreover, psychrophilic H2-oxidizing methanogens emerged as important members of the psychroactive consortia after &gt;1200 days of low-temperature cultivation. The data suggest that prolonged psychrophilic cultivation of mesophilic biomass can establish a well-functioning psychroactive methanogenic consortium, thus highlighting the potential of low-temperature anaerobic digestion technology.
Instruction in Cause and Effect Paraphrasing Using Social Studies Text With a Secondary Bilingual Student: A Case Study
Authors: Bejos Karla 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Purpose: This case study describes the use of the paraphrasing strategy with cause-and-effect (C/E) relations as a technique to improve a 14-year-old high school student's reading comprehension of social studies text in both his native (Spanish) and second language (English).
Method: The student used expository texts from state textbook adoption materials. Instruction was based on scaffolded dialogue that cued the student to attend to and paraphrase various aspects of the C/E concept.
Results: Despite the fact that the student began with texts at reading levels 5 and 6 years below his actual grade level, the comprehension of C/E relations in history text was a challenge. Several factors contributed to the complexity of the task for the student. By the final phase of intervention, he was successfully paraphrasing with texts that were 3 and 4 years above the baseline reading grade levels.
Implications: The salient points from this study that may be useful for educators or speech language pathologists are: a description of the difficulties that interfered with the student's comprehension and the thought processes he used, types of cues used to teach C/E relations, and evidence of the student's development of paraphrases and comprehension.
End-to-end foodweb control of fish production on Georges Bank
Authors: Collie Jeremy S. , Gifford Dian J. , Steele John H. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Collie, J. S., Gifford, D. J., and Steele, J. H. 2009. End-to-end foodweb control of fish production on Georges Bank. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2223–2232. The ecosystem approach to management requires the productivity of individual fish stocks to be considered in the context of the entire ecosystem. We derive an annual end-to-end budget for the Georges Bank ecosystem, based on data from the GLOBEC programme and fisheries surveys for the years 1993–2002. Scenarios based on this budget describe the consequences of various alterations in the Georges Bank trophic web: reduced nutrient input, increased benthic production, removal of carnivorous plankton, and changes in species dominance within fish guilds. Potential yields of cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) are compared with historical catches and estimates of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) from recent stock assessments. The MSYs of cod and haddock can be met if the fish community is restructured to make them the dominant species in their respective diet-defined guilds. A return to the balance of fish species present in the early 20th century would depend on an increase in the fraction of primary production going to the benthos rather than to plankton. Estimates of energy flux through the Georges Bank trophic web indicate that rebuilding the principal groundfish species to their MSY levels requires restructuring of the fish community and repartitioning of energy within the foodweb.
Medication errors: problems and recommendations from a consensus meeting
Authors:   Members of EMERGE, the Erice Medication Errors Research Group, Agrawal Abha , Aronson Jeffrey K. , Britten Nicky , Ferner Robin E. , De Smet Peter A. , Fialová Daniela , Fitzgerald Richard J. , Likić Robert , Maxwell Simon R. , Meyboom Ronald H. , Minuz Pietro , Onder Graziano , Schachter Michael , Velo Giampaolo 
Published: June 2009

Here we discuss 15 recommendations for reducing the risks of medication errors: 1. Provision of sufficient undergraduate learning opportunities to make medical students safe prescribers. 2. Provision of opportunities for students to practise skills that help to reduce errors. 3. Education of students about common types of medication errors and how to avoid them. 4. Education of prescribers in taking accurate drug histories. 5. Assessment in medical schools of prescribing knowledge and skills and demonstration that newly qualified doctors are safe prescribers. 6. European harmonization of prescribing and safety recommendations and regulatory measures, with regular feedback about rational drug use. 7. Comprehensive assessment of elderly patients for declining function. 8. Exploration of low‐dose regimens for elderly patients and preparation of special formulations as required. 9. Training for all health‐care professionals in drug use, adverse effects, and medication errors in elderly people.10. More involvement of pharmacists in clinical practice.11. Introduction of integrated prescription forms and national implementation in individual countries.12. Development of better monitoring systems for detecting medication errors, based on classification and analysis of spontaneous reports of previous reactions, and for investigating the possible role of medication errors when patients die.13. Use of IT systems, when available, to provide methods of avoiding medication errors; standardization, proper evaluation, and certification of clinical information systems.14. Nonjudgmental communication with patients about their concerns and elicitation of symptoms that they perceive to be adverse drug reactions.15. Avoidance of defensive reactions if patients mention symptoms resulting from medication errors.
The pathophysiology of medication errors: how and where they arise
Authors: McDowell Sarah E. , Ferner Harriet S. , Ferner Robin E. 
Published: June 2009

1. Errors arise when an action is intended but not performed; errors that arise from poor planning or inadequate knowledge are characterized as mistakes; those that arise from imperfect execution of well‐formulated plans are called slips when an erroneous act is committed and lapses when a correct act is omitted.2. Some tasks are intrinsically prone to error. Examples are tasks that are unfamiliar to the operator or performed under pressure. Tasks that require the calculation of a dosage or dilution are especially susceptible to error.3. The tasks of prescribing, preparation, and administration of medicines are complex, and are carried out within a complex system; errors can occur at each of many steps and the error rate for the overall process is therefore high.4. The error rate increases when health‐care professionals are inexperienced, inattentive, rushed, distracted, fatigued, or depressed; orthopaedic surgeons and nurses may be more likely than other health‐care professionals to make medication errors.5. Medication error rates in hospital are higher in paediatric departments and intensive care units than elsewhere.6. Rates of medication errors may be higher in very young or very old patients.7. Intravenous antibiotics are the drugs most commonly involved in medication errors in hospital; antiplatelet agents, diuretics, and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs are most likely to account for ‘preventable admissions’.8. Computers effectively reduce the rates of easily counted errors. It is not clear whether they can save lives lost through rare but dangerous errors in the medication process.
Medication errors: prescribing faults and prescription errors
Authors: Velo Giampaolo P. , Minuz Pietro 
Published: June 2009

1. Medication errors are common in general practice and in hospitals. Both errors in the act of writing (prescription errors) and prescribing faults due to erroneous medical decisions can result in harm to patients.2. Any step in the prescribing process can generate errors. Slips, lapses, or mistakes are sources of errors, as in unintended omissions in the transcription of drugs. Faults in dose selection, omitted transcription, and poor handwriting are common.3. Inadequate knowledge or competence and incomplete information about clinical characteristics and previous treatment of individual patients can result in prescribing faults, including the use of potentially inappropriate medications.4. An unsafe working environment, complex or undefined procedures, and inadequate communication among health‐care personnel, particularly between doctors and nurses, have been identified as important underlying factors that contribute to prescription errors and prescribing faults.5. Active interventions aimed at reducing prescription errors and prescribing faults are strongly recommended. These should be focused on the education and training of prescribers and the use of on‐line aids. The complexity of the prescribing procedure should be reduced by introducing automated systems or uniform prescribing charts, in order to avoid transcription and omission errors. Feedback control systems and immediate review of prescriptions, which can be performed with the assistance of a hospital pharmacist, are also helpful. Audits should be performed periodically.
Medication errors: pharmacovigilance centres in detection and prevention
Authors: Bencheikh Rachida Soulaymani , Benabdallah Ghita 
Published: June 2009

1. Detecting medication errors needs collaboration between various organizations, such as patient safety institutions, pharmacovigilance centres, and poison control centres. In order to evaluate the input of pharmacovigilance centres and poison control centres in detecting and evaluating medication errors a pilot project was initiated by the World Alliance for Patient Safety in collaboration with the Uppsala Monitoring Centre; the Moroccan pharmacovigilance centre acted as project coordinator. As part of this project, a questionnaire on detecting medication errors was circulated to pharmacovigilance centres and poison control centres around the world, in order to assess their ability to detect and analyse medication errors.2. The results showed that through their databases pharmacovigilance centres can detect, identify, analyse, and classify medication errors and carry out root cause analysis, which is an important tool in preventing medication errors.3. The duties of pharmacovigilance centres in preventing medication errors include informing health‐care professionals about the importance of reporting such errors and creating a culture of patient safety. Pharmacovigilance centres aim to prevent medication errors in collaboration with poison control centres. Such collaboration allows improved detection and improved preventive strategies. In addition, collaboration with regulatory authorities is important in finalizing decisions.4. Collaboration between pharmacovigilance centres and poison control centres should be strengthened and bridges need to be built linking pharmacovigilance centres, poison control centres, and organizations dedicated to patient safety, in order to avoid duplication of workload.