bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Background and Self-selected Music Listening in Pulmonary and Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs
Authors: Frank Hannah E. , Munro Prue E. , Clark Imogen N. , Lee Annemarie L. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
Music is recognized as a useful distractor from unpleasant symptoms during exercise and provides motivation; however, little is known about its application during pulmonary or cardiac rehabilitation programs, including its use, genres, and influences on genre selection. This study aimed to determine the current practice of background and self-selected music listening during exercise training in pulmonary and cardiac rehabilitation programs in Australia.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study, using 2 anonymous, electronic surveys. Participants were program contacts (clinicians) listed on national databases.

Results:
There were 17 of 100 (17%) and 31 of 250 (12%) respondents for pulmonary and cardiac rehabilitation programs, respectively. A total of 15 respondents (88%) reported using background music for pulmonary rehabilitation, whereas 29 respondents (94%) reported using background music for cardiac rehabilitation. Clinicians and participants had input into the selection of background music genres. Background music was preferentially upbeat and energizing, selected to motivate participants. Use of self-selected music listening by participants for individual use was uncommon in pulmonary (24%) and cardiac rehabilitation (32%).

Conclusions:
Background music is played during exercise training sessions within a limited proportion of pulmonary and cardiac rehabilitation programs surveyed in Australia. A wide range of genres were applied in background music listening, with selections predominantly based on their potential to motivate participants to exercise. There is little use of self-selected, individualized music listening among participants in these environments.
Altered gut microbiota and metabolite profiles provide clues in understanding resistant hypertension
Authors: Guo Jiuqi , Jia Pengyu , Gu Zhilin , Tang Wenyi , Wang Ai , Sun Yingxian , Li Zhao 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Resistant hypertension is a severe phenotype in hypertension that may be driven by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Specific changes in gut microbiota and metabolites have been shown to influence cardiovascular disease progression. However, microbial and metabolomic changes associated with resistant hypertension remain elusive.

Methods:
In this study, the gut microbiome of 30 participants with resistant hypertension, 30 with controlled hypertension, and 30 nonhypertension was characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. In addition, the serum metabolome of the same population was assessed by untargeted metabolomics.

Results:
The alpha diversity of microbiome in the resistant hypertension decreased, and changes were also observed in the composition of the gut microbiota. The resistant hypertension group was characterized by elevated levels of Actinobacteitia and Proteobacteria. Twenty-three genera were found to have significantly different abundances between resistant hypertension and controlled hypertension, as well as 55 genera with significantly different abundances between resistant hypertension and nonhypertension. Compared with the controlled hypertension group, the genera Rothia and Sharpea in resistant hypertension were more abundant. Compared with the nonhypertension group, the genera Escherichia–Shigella, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus were more abundant. Untargeted metabolomics provided distinctly different serum metabolic profiles for the three groups and identified a range of differential metabolites. These metabolites were mainly associated with the pathway of glycerophospholipid metabolism. Furthermore, correlation analysis provided evidence of new interactions between gut microbiota and metabolites in the resistant hypertension.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the resistant hypertension gut microbiota and metabolites, suggesting that treatment resistance in resistant hypertension patients may be related to the gut microbiota and serum metabolites.
Accuracy of new intraocular lens power calculation formula for short and long eyes using segmental refractive indices
Authors: Kato Yukihito , Ayaki Masahiko , Tamaoki Akeno , Tanaka Yoshiki , Ichikawa Kei , Ichikawa Kazuo 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:To evaluate the accuracy of a new intraocular lens power calculation formula using segmental refractive index-based axial length (AL).Setting:Chukyo Eye Clinic, Nagoya, Japan.Design:Retrospective observational study.Methods:This study included patients undergoing preoperative examination for cataract surgery with the new Barrett True AL (BTAL) and Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) formulas using segmental refractive index, and conventional Barrett Universal II (BU II) formula using equivalent refractive index. The predicted refractive error of each formula was compared with the postoperative subjective spherical equivalent.Results:The mean prediction error (MPE) in the short AL group (≤22 mm; 44 eyes) was 0.32 ± 0.40 diopter (D) for BU II, 0.22 ± 0.37 D for BTAL, and 0.10 ± 0.37 D for EVO (P< .0001). MPE in the long AL group (≥26 mm; 92 eyes) was 0.01 ± 0.32 D for BU II, 0.04 ± 0.32 D for BTAL, and 0.09 ± 0.32 D for EVO (P< .0001). In patients with an AL ≥ 28 mm, BU II showed a myopic trend in 57.1% of cases, while BTAL and EVO showed a hyperopic trend in 71.4%. The MPE for patients with an AL ≥ 28 mm was −0.16 ± 0.34 D for BU II, 0.18 ± 0.33 D for BTAL, and 0.16 ± 0.32 D for EVO (P< .0001).Conclusions:The new EVO and BTAL formulas showed higher accuracy than BU II in short eyes, whereas there was no difference in long eyes.
Wearable wireless continuous vital signs monitoring on the general ward
Authors: Leenen Jobbe PL. , Schoonhoven Lisette , Patijn Gijs A. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Wearable wireless sensors for continuous vital signs monitoring (CVSM) offer the potential for early identification of patient deterioration, especially in low-intensity care settings like general wards. This study aims to review advances in wearable CVSM – with a focus on the general ward – highlighting the technological characteristics of CVSM systems, user perspectives and impact on patient outcomes by exploring recent evidence.

Recent findings
The accuracy of wearable sensors measuring vital signs exhibits variability, especially notable in ambulatory patients within hospital settings, and standard validation protocols are lacking. Usability of CMVS systems is critical for nurses and patients, highlighting the need for easy-to-use wearable sensors, and expansion of the number of measured vital signs. Current software systems lack integration with hospital IT infrastructures and workflow automation. Imperative enhancements involve nurse-friendly, less intrusive alarm strategies, and advanced decision support systems. Despite observed reductions in ICU admissions and Rapid Response Team calls, the impact on patient outcomes lacks robust statistical significance.

Summary
Widespread implementation of CVSM systems on the general ward and potentially outside the hospital seems inevitable. Despite the theoretical benefits of CVSM systems in improving clinical outcomes, and supporting nursing care by optimizing clinical workflow efficiency, the demonstrated effects in clinical practice are mixed. This review highlights the existing challenges related to data quality, usability, implementation, integration, interpretation, and user perspectives, as well as the need for robust evidence to support their impact on patient outcomes, workflow and cost-effectiveness.
New insights into renal calcium-sensing receptor activation
Authors: Dimke Henrik 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) in the parathyroid gland suppresses the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Furthermore, activation of the renal CASR directly increases the urinary excretion of calcium, by inhibiting transepithelial calcium transport in the nephron. Gain-of-function mutations in the CASR gene lead to autosomal dominant hypocalcemia 1 (ADH1), with inappropriately low PTH levels and hypocalcemia, indicative of excessive activation of the parathyroid CASR. However, hypercalciuria is not always observed. The reason why the manifestation of hypercalciuria is not uniform among ADH1 patients is not well understood.

Recent findings
Direct activation of the CASR in the kidney has been cumbersome to study, and an indirect measure to effectively estimate the degree of CASR activation following chronic hypercalcemia or genetic gain-of-function CASR activation has been lacking. Studies have shown that expression of the pore-blocking claudin-14 is strongly stimulated by the CASR in a dose-dependent manner. This stimulatory effect is abolished after renal Casr ablation in hypercalcemic mice, suggesting that claudin-14 abundance may gauge renal CASR activation. Using this marker has led to unexpected discoveries regarding renal CASR activation.

Summary
These new studies have informed on renal CASR activation thresholds and the downstream CASR-regulated calcium transport mechanisms.
Crowdsourced Partner Services Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial in China
Authors: Yan Xumeng , Tucker Joseph D. , Miller William C. , Xu Huifang , Zhou Yi , Gu Yuzhou , Chen Meichun , Liang Meiqing , Lu Jie , Zhan Lishan , Tang Weiming 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of a crowdsourced HIV partner services (PS) intervention among men who have sex with men living with HIV (MLWH) in China.MethodsA pilot 2-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in 3 HIV testing clinics in China. The control arm received conventional HIV PS, whereas the intervention arm received a crowdsourced intervention, including HIV self-testing kits for secondary distribution (HIVST-SD), digital education materials, and assisted PS. The intervention was developed through 2-phase crowdsourcing events including an open call and a Designathon. The primary outcomes were measured by the 3-month follow-up rate (i.e., the proportion of participants who completed the follow-up survey to report HIV PS outcomes 3 months after enrollment) and the frequency of using intervention components (feasibility), index evaluation of intervention components (acceptability), and the proportion of partners getting HIV testing (preliminary effectiveness).ResultsThe study enrolled 121 newly diagnosed MLWH between July 2021 and May 2022. The 3-month follow-up rates were 93% (75 of 81) and 83% (33 of 40) in the intervention and control arms, respectively. Crowdsourced intervention components demonstrated feasibility, with all indexes using digital educational materials, 23 successfully using HIVST-SD, and 6 employing provider-referral to notify 9 sexual partners. Acceptability was high, with HIVST-SD and digital educational materials rated 4.4 and 4.1 out of 5. The proportion of partners receiving HIV testing was 11% higher in the intervention arm than in the control arm (marginal significance with 95% confidence interval, −2% to 24%; 38% vs. 27%).ConclusionsThe crowdsourced HIV PS intervention was acceptable and feasible, suggesting the potential to facilitate partner HIV testing among Chinese MLWH. Further implementation research is recommended to expand HIV PS among key populations in low- and middle-income countries.Clinical Trial Registration IDNCT04971967 (Protocol ID: 19-0496).
Distinct anal microbiome is correlated with anal cancer precursors in MSM with HIV
Authors: Brickman Cristina E. , Agnello Melissa , Imam Nabeel , Camejo Pamela , Pino Rodolfo , Carroll Lauren N. , Chein Aung , Palefsky Joel M. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
Anal cancer risk is elevated in MSM with HIV (MSMWH). Anal high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection is necessary but insufficient to develop high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), the anal cancer precursor, suggesting additional factors. We sought to determine whether the microbiome of the anal canal is distinct by comparing it with the microbiome of stool. We also sought to determine whether changes in the anal microbiome are associated with HSIL among MSMWH.

Design:
Cross-sectional comparison of the microbiome of the anal canal with the microbiome of stool in MSMWH and cross-sectional comparison of the anal microbiome of MSMWH with anal HSIL with the anal microbiome of MSMWH without anal HSIL.

Methods:
Sterile swabs were used to sample the anus of MSMWH for microbiome and HPV testing, followed by high-resolution anoscopy. Stool samples were mailed from home. 16S sequencing was used for bacterial identification. Measures of alpha diversity, beta diversity, and differential abundance analysis were used to compare samples.

Results:
One hundred sixty-six anal samples and 103 matching stool samples were sequenced. Beta diversity showed clustering of stool and anal samples. Of hr-HPV-positive MSMWH, 31 had HSIL and 13 had no SIL. Comparison of the microbiome between these revealed 28 different species. The highest-fold enrichment among MSMWH/hr-HPV/HSIL included pro-inflammatory and carcinogenic Prevotella, Parasuterella, Hungatella, Sneathia, and Fusobacterium species. The anti-inflammatory Anaerostipes caccae showed the greatest reduction among MSMWH/hr-HPV/HSIL.

Conclusion:
The anal microbiome is distinct from stool. A pro-inflammatory and carcinogenic environment may be associated with anal HSIL.
Does delayed operation increase morbidity and mortality? An analysis of emergency general surgery procedures
Authors: Franklin Kelsey N. , Nishtala Madhuri , McCracken Ana , Berian Julia R. , Zarzaur Ben 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUNDEarly operation is assumed to improve outcomes after emergency general surgery (EGS) procedures; however, few data exist to inform this opinion. We aimed to (1) characterize time-to-operation patterns among EGS procedures and (2) test the association between timing and patient outcomes. We hypothesize that patients receiving later operations are at greater risk for mortality and morbidity.METHODSWe performed a retrospective cohort study of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data for adults aged 18 to 89 years who underwent nonelective intra-abdominal operations (appendectomy, cholecystectomy, small bowel resection, lysis of adhesions, and colectomy) from 2015 to 2020. The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative mortality. Secondary outcomes were serious morbidity and all morbidity. Admission-to-operation timing was calculated and classified as early (≤48 hours) or late (>48 hours). A multivariable logistic regression model adjusted risk estimates for age, comorbidities, frailty (Modified Frailty Index, 5-item score), and other confounders.RESULTSOf 269,959 patients (mean age, 47.0 years; 48.0% male, 61.6% White), 88.7% underwent early operation, ranging from 70.36% (lysis of adhesions) to 98.67% (appendectomy). Unadjusted 30-day mortality was higher for late versus early operation (6.73% vs. 1.96%;p< 0.0001). After risk adjustment, late operation significantly increased risk for 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.545; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.451–1.644), serious morbidity (OR, 1.464; 95% CI, 1.416–1.514), and all morbidity (OR, 1.468; 95% CI, 1.417–1.520). This mortality risk persisted for all EGS procedures; risk of serious and any morbidity persisted for all procedures except cholecystectomy.CONCLUSIONLate operation significantly increased risk for 30-day mortality, serious morbidity, and all morbidity across a variety of EGS procedures. We believe that these findings will inform decisions regarding timing of EGS operations and allocation of surgical resources.LEVEL OF EVIDENCETherapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
Research priorities in tranexamic acid after trauma: Secondary analysis of the National Trauma Research Action Plan
Authors: Brito Alexandra MP , Meizoso Jonathan P. , Costantini Todd W. 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTIONTranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug that is used in traumatic hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury. Although TXA is considered relatively safe and inexpensive and is widely available, data regarding its mechanisms, optimal dosing, and timing, as well as relative risks and benefits for different patient populations, are inconsistent. In this study, we aim to identify and summarize consensus research questions related to TXA across all National Trauma Research Action Plan (NTRAP) Delphi expert panels to identify priorities for future research on TXA in trauma.METHODSA secondary analysis was performed using consensus-based research priorities collected by 11 NTRAP topic panels using a Delphi methodology. The database of questions was queried for the keywords “tranexamic” and “TXA.” The identified questions were sorted by subject matter and summarized.RESULTSSeven panels included a total of 73 TXA-related questions. Forty-six questions reached consensus. The most addressed topic was outcomes (discussed in 64% of questions) followed by indications (49%) and specific patient populations (38%). Because of overlap across panels, questions were summarized and sorted by topic resulting in 21 priority research questions.CONCLUSIONSeventy-three total questions and 46 questions reaching consensus were identified by NTRAP panelists. The key topics identified in these questions should be prioritized in future funded research on TXA in trauma.LEVEL OF EVIDENCEPrognostic and Epidemiological; Level V.
Removing the barriers to prehospital blood: A roadmap to success
Authors: Schaefer Randall M. , Bank Eric A. , Krohmer Jon R. , Haskell Andrew , Taylor Audra L. , Jenkins Donald H. , Holcomb John B. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThis review describes the necessity, evolution, and current state of prehospital blood programs in the United States. Less than 1% of 9-1-1 ground emergency medical service agencies have been able to successfully implement prehospital blood transfusions as part of a resuscitation strategy for patients in hemorrhagic shock despite estimates that annually between 54,000 and 900,000 patients may benefit from its use. The use of prehospital blood transfusions as a tool for managing hemorrhagic shock has barriers to overcome to ensure it becomes widely available to patients throughout the United States. Barriers include (1) current state Emergency Medical Services clinicians' scope of practice limitations; (2) program costs and reimbursement of blood products; (3) no centralized data collection process for prehospital hemorrhagic shock and patient outcomes; (4) collaboration between prehospital agencies, blood suppliers, and hospital clinicians and transfusion service activities. The following article identifies barriers and a proposed roadmap to reduce death due to prehospital hemorrhage.
Myocardial function, mechanics and work by echocardiography in adolescents with severe obesity
Authors: Larios Guillermo , Uribe Sergio , Trincado Claudia , Arancibia-Galilea Francisca , Valderrama Paulo , Espejo Juan Pablo , Amezquita María Virginia , Barja Salesa 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Obesity and its metabolic complications can impact the heart’s structure and function in childhood, although demonstrating this impact has been challenging. New echocardiographic parameters such as left atrial strain (LAε) and left ventricular strain (LVε), as well as myocardial work (MW), could reveal subclinical alterations in cardiac function.

Objective
The aim is to evaluate the feasibility of these parameters in adolescents with severe obesity and explore their associations with body fat, metabolic comorbidities, and physical capacity.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study in adolescents with obesity who underwent echocardiography with analysis of LAε, LVε and MW using speckle tracking. Feasibility and association with anthropometry, body fat percentage, comorbidities and cardiopulmonary test were analyzed.

Results
Twenty adolescents were recruited, 13 (65%) were males, median age 14.2 (interquartile range: 12.9–14.9) years old. The median Z-score for BMI (zBMI) was +3.03 (2.87–3.14), 14 (70%) had severe obesity (zBMI ≥+3), 12 (60%) body fat ≥95th percentile, 9 (45%) high blood pressure (HBP) and 8 (40%) metabolic syndrome. The analysis of the echocardiographic parameters was feasible in 95% (LAε) and 100% (LVε and MW). LVε was lower in adolescents with vs. without metabolic syndrome: 17.8% (17.5–19.3%) vs. 19.3% (18.3–20.3%), P = 0.046; and with vs. without HBP 17.8% (17.5–18.6%) vs. 19.7% (18.4–20.3%), P = 0.02. Those with body fat ≥95th percentile had lower LAε and MW parameters, without association with cardiopulmonary test.

Conclusion
Echocardiographic evaluation of LAε, LVε and MW is feasible in adolescents with severe obesity. A higher proportion of body fat and the presence of comorbidities are associated with alterations in these new echocardiographic functional parameters suggesting myocardial impact of higher metabolic compromise.
Whole-Genome Sequencing assisted outbreak investigation of Salmonella Enteritidis, at a hospital in South Africa, September 2022
Authors: Brummer Brian , Smith Anthony Marius , Modise Motshabi , Thomas Juno , Mdose Hetani , Mokoena Ramasedi , Baleni Dikeledi 
Published: May 2024

Introduction Health authorities were notified of a suspected outbreak of foodborne disease in a hospital in South Africa. Staff and patients reported acute onset of abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, fever and rigors after eating a chicken pasta meal.
Aim To report on the use whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of bacterial isolates to support an epidemiological investigation.
Methodology Epidemiological investigation of the outbreak was led by the Infection Control Manager of the hospital and supported by an outbreak response team. Standard microbiological procedures were used to process stool samples and culture/identify diarrhoeal pathogens. Bacterial cultures were investigated using WGS performed using Illumina NextSeq technology. WGS data were analyzed using multiple bioinformatics tools, including those available at the Center for Genomic Epidemiology and EnteroBase. Core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) was used to investigate the phylogeny of isolates.
Results Forty-nine cases were identified. Stool samples were collected from 21 cases and nontyphoidal Salmonella was isolated from 19/21 (90%) of the samples. All isolates were identified as Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. All isolates differed from each other by allele differences on cgMLST, indicating that isolates are highly genetically related. Delays in testing of food retention samples rendered the negative test results of limited value. A case control study was conducted; eating chicken pasta was strongly associated with developing gastroenteritis (Haldane-Anscombe Adjusted Odds Ratio, 15.398)
Conclusion The epidemiological evidence suggests that the chicken pasta was the likely vehicle of transmission in this outbreak. The source of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis remains unknown.