bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal SNP filtering strategies for pedigree reconstruction: A case study with wild red‐spotted masu salmon population
Authors: Noda Shohei , Akita Tetsuya , Ueda Rui , Katsumura Takafumi , Hashiguchi Yasuyuki , Takeshima Hirohiko , Sato Takuya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPedigree data have provided indispensable information for the study of ecology and evolution. Improvement of bioinformatics guidelines for discovering informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genomic data is essential for pedigree reconstruction because of the trade‐off between the quantity (number of SNPs), quality (minor allele frequency [MAF]), and call rate (CR). However, there are few practical reports assessing the optimal balance of SNP filtering parameter combinations while maintaining a sufficient number of SNPs required for accurate pedigree analysis. In this study, we tested some bioinformatic pipelines for accurate SNP‐based parentage assignment and pedigree reconstruction in a wild population of red‐spotted masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae. We produced nearly complete parentage assignments using any SNP sets filtered for different MAF and CR values. For full sibling and half‐sibling assignments, mid‐point filtered SNP sets performed well. This indicates the significant effects of SNP filtering parameter combinations on pedigree reconstruction in a multi‐generational population. Considering the balance between the quantity and quality of SNP data is essential for accurately inferring pedigrees.
Network Clustering
Authors: Batagelj Vladimir , Ferligoj Anus̆ka , Doreian Patrick 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe use the term network clustering for both the clustering of nodes/links in a network and the clustering of a set of networks. For the clustering of a set of networks, we can use traditional methods. The crucial point is the definition of an appropriate dissimilarity measure between networks. Some options are presented. For clustering nodes/links of a given network, its graph structure can be considered using graph theory notions in the definition of the set of feasible clusterings (clustering with relational constraint), and/or using special criterion functions compatible with a desired network structure (blockmodeling).
BET Inhibitor JQ1 Selectively Reduce Tregs by Upregulating STAT3 and Suppressing PD‐1 Expression in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Huang Youxue , Zhong Mengjun , Gao Rili , Wang Xianfeng , Zhong Shuxin , Zhong Liye , Huang Xin , Li Yangqiu , Zeng Chengwu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) stands as a prevalent hematological malignancy, primarily incurable, originating from plasma cell clones. MM's progression encompasses genetic abnormalities and disruptions in the bone marrow microenvironment, leading to tumor proliferation, immune dysfunction, and compromised treatment outcomes. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in MM progression, suggesting that targeting Tregs could enhance immune functionality and treatment efficacy. In this study, a notable increase in Treg proportions within MM patients' bone marrow (BM) compared to healthy individuals is observed. Additionally, it is found that the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitor JQ1 selectively diminishes Treg percentages in MM patients' BM and reduces TGF‐β1‐induced Tregs. This reduction occurs via inhibiting cell viability and promoting apoptosis. RNA sequencing further indicates that JQ1's inhibitory impact on Tregs likely involves upregulating STAT3 and suppressing PD‐1 expression. Collectively, these findings suggest JQ1's potential to modulate Tregs, bolstering the immune response in MM and introducing a promising avenue for MM immunotherapy.
Spliceosomal snRNAs, the Essential Players in pre‐mRNA Processing in Eukaryotic Nucleus: From Biogenesis to Functions and Spatiotemporal Characteristics
Authors: Su Yuan , Wu Jiaming , Chen Wei , Shan Junling , Chen Dan , Zhu Guangyu , Ge Shengchao , Liu Yunfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) are a fundamental class of non‐coding small RNAs abundant in the nucleoplasm of eukaryotic cells, playing a crucial role in splicing precursor messenger RNAs (pre‐mRNAs). They are transcribed by DNA‐dependent RNA polymerase II (Pol II) or III (Pol III), and undergo subsequent processing and 3′ end cleavage to become mature snRNAs. Numerous protein factors are involved in the transcription initiation, elongation, termination, splicing, cellular localization, and terminal modification processes of snRNAs. The transcription and processing of snRNAs are regulated spatiotemporally by various mechanisms, and the homeostatic balance of snRNAs within cells is of great significance for the growth and development of organisms. snRNAs assemble with specific accessory proteins to form small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) that are the basal components of spliceosomes responsible for pre‐mRNA maturation. This article provides an overview of the biological functions, biosynthesis, terminal structure, and tissue‐specific regulation of snRNAs.
Radioactivity and GMO‐Free Sterile Insect Technology for the Sustainable Control of the Invasive Pest Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Abdelhafiz Ibrahim , Gerth Stefan , Claussen Joelle , Weule Mareike , Hufnagel Eva , Vilcinskas Andreas , Lee Kwang‐Zin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDrosophila suzukii (D. suzukii), commonly known as the spotted wing drosophila, is a highly invasive crop pest that is difficult to control using chemical insecticides. To address the urgent need for alternative and more sustainable control strategies, the sterile insect technique (SIT) is improved, which involves the release of sterilized male insects to mate with fertile conspecifics, thereby reducing the size of the pest population in the subsequent generation. The three critical aspects that influence the success of SIT programs in D. suzukii are addressed. First, an accurate and nondestructive method is established to determine the sex of individual insects based on the differential weight of male and female pupae. Second, conditions for X‐ray sterilization are systematically tested and an optimal dose (90 kV/40 Gy) is identified that ensures the efficient production of sterile D. suzukii for release. Finally, the inherent thermosensitivity of D. suzukii males is exploited to develop a temperature‐based sterilization technique, offering an alternative or additional SIT method for this pest. These advances will contribute to the development of a comprehensive and effective strategy for the management of D. suzukii populations, reducing their impact on agriculture and helping to safeguard crop yields.
Enhancing Single‐Layer WSe2 Light Emission in Perylene‐Doped Polymer Films through Efficient Energy Transfer
Authors: Gadea Marcos , Asaithambi Aswin , Bernabeu‐Cabañero Raúl , Farrando‐Pérez Alex , Ramos Maria , Sancho‐García Juan C. , Kriegel Ilka , Díaz‐García María A. , Calvo M. Reyes 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe optical and mechanical properties of 2D semiconductors make them excellent candidates for the active components of plastic optoelectronic devices. Here, the integration of single‐layer WSe2 (1L‐WSe2) into a polystyrene (PS) film containing dispersed perylene orange (PDI‐O) molecules is investigated. The findings reveal a notable enhancement in the light emission of 1L‐WSe2, which occurs exclusively upon PDI‐O excitation and scales with the concentration of molecules in the PS film. Moreover, the increase in 1L‐WSe2 photoluminescence coincides with a quenching of the PDI‐O light emission intensity and a decrease in its lifetime. These results point to efficient long‐range interactions, such as Förster energy transfer, between PDI‐O (acting as the donor) and 1L‐WSe2 (acting as the acceptor), as the mechanism responsible for the enhanced light emission in the latter. These findings are of great interest for the development of flexible optoelectronic devices integrating active 2D materials; the polymeric matrix plays a dual role, serving as both physical support and host for organic dopants that can optimize the light emission properties of the active 2D material.
Microenvironment‐Adaptive Metallo‐Polymeric Nanodecoys via Subcomponent Coordination for Bacterial Biofilm Eradication and Immunomodulation
Authors: Li Yuanfeng , Hua Lei , He Wei , Chen Lei , Piao Yinzi , Peng Mengna , Li Dongdong , Shi Linqi , Liu Yong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiofilm‐associated infections pose complex challenges that require addressing the multifaceted requirements of biofilm disruption, bacterial killing, and immunomodulation. In this study, microenvironment‐adaptive metallo‐polymeric nanodecoys (MPNs) are synthesized through one‐pot subcomponent coordination in aqueous solution, effectively eradicating bacterial biofilms and modulating immune response. Within the acidic microenvironment of biofilms, the positively charged MPNs demonstrated the ability to interact with and eliminate bacteria while facilitating a Fenton‐like reaction for efficient eradication of bacterial biofilms. As the local microenvironment shifted from a neutral to a basic state during subsequent tissue healing processes, the MPNs adaptively harness the multiple properties to bind pathogen‐associated molecular patterns, scavenge reactive oxygen species, thereby modulating the immune response, alleviating inflammation, and promoting tissue healing. This study presents an efficient strategy for preparing enzyme‐mimicking materials that closely resemble natural metalloenzymes, and the MPNs offer an efficient alternative to current antibiotic treatments for biofilm‐associated infections.
Design and Application of an In Situ Traceable Nitric Oxide Donor for Promoting the Healing of Wound Infections
Authors: Wang Shasha , Zhan Jiexiang , Zhou Xiaojun , He Chuanglong , Wei Peng , Yi Tao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTherapies for wound infections require medications with antibacterial and wound‐healing functions. However, it remains a challenge to produce a single drug that can perform dual functions. Nitric oxide (NO), with its antibacterial and wound‐healing activities, is an ideal solution to address this challenge. However, many controlled‐release strategies for NO rely on external probes for tracing the release in situ, making it difficult to precisely assess the location and magnitude. To address this issue, this study describes a novel NO donor, DHU‐NO1, capable of efficiently releasing NO under mild conditions (450 nm illumination). Simultaneously, DHU‐NO1 generates the fluorophore Azure B (AZB), which enables direct, non‐consumptive tracing of the NO release by monitoring the fluorescence and absorption changes in AZB. Given that NO can be conveniently traced, the amount of released NO can be controlled during biological applications, thereby allowing both functions of NO to be performed. When applied to the affected area, DHU‐NO1, illuminated by both a simple light‐emitting diode (LED) light source and natural light, achieves significant antibacterial effects against wound infections and promotes wound healing in mice. This study offers a novel and effective approach for treating wound infections.
A Versatile Cryomicroneedle Patch for Traceable Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Li Yashi , Li Xingxing , He Gang , Ding Rui , Li Youyan , Chen Peng‐Hang , Wang Dong , Lin Jing , Huang Peng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) continues to encounter multifarious hurdles, stemming from the ineffectual preservation and delivery system of photosensitizers, the dearth of imaging navigation, and the antioxidant/hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Herein, a versatile cryomicroneedle patch (denoted as CMN‐CCPH) is developed for traceable PDT. The therapeutic efficacy is further amplified by catalase (CAT)‐induced oxygen (O2) generation and Cu2+‐mediated glutathione (GSH) depletion. The CMN‐CCPH is composed of cryomicroneedle (CMN) as the vehicle and CAT‐biomineralized copper phosphate nanoflowers (CCP NFs) loaded with hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) as the payload. Importantly, the bioactive function of HMME and CAT can be optimally maintained under the protection of CCPH and CMN for a duration surpassing 60 days, leading to bolstered bioavailability and notable enhancements in PDT efficacy. The in vivo visualization of HMME and oxyhemoglobin saturation (sO2) monitored by fluorescence (FL)/photoacoustic (PA) duplex real‐time imaging unveils the noteworthy implications of CMN‐delivered CCPH for intratumoral enrichment of HMME and O2 with reduced systemic toxicity. This versatile CMN patch demonstrates distinct effectiveness in neoplasm elimination, underscoring its promising clinical prospects.
Advanced Anti‐Icing Strategies and Technologies by Macrostructured Photothermal Storage Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Chu Fuqiang , Hu Zhifeng , Feng Yanhui , Lai Nien‐Chu , Wu Xiaomin , Wang Ruzhu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWater is the source of life and civilization, but water icing causes catastrophic damage to human life and diverse industrial processes. Currently, superhydrophobic surfaces (inspired by the lotus effect) aided anti‐icing attracts intensive attention due to their energy‐free property. Here, recent advances in anti‐icing by design and functionalization of superhydrophobic surfaces are reviewed. The mechanisms and advantages of conventional, macrostructured, and photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces are introduced in turn. Conventional superhydrophobic surfaces, as well as macrostructured ones, easily lose the icephobic property under extreme conditions, while photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces strongly rely on solar illumination. To address the above issues, a potentially smart strategy is found by developing macrostructured photothermal storage superhydrophobic (MPSS) surfaces, which integrate the functions of macrostructured superhydrophobic materials, photothermal materials, and phase change materials (PCMs), and are expected to achieve all‐day anti‐icing in various fields. Finally, the latest achievements in developing MPSS surfaces, showcasing their immense potential, are highlighted. Besides, the perspectives on the future development of MPSS surfaces are provided and the problems that need to be solved in their practical applications are proposed.
Insights into Sub‐Thermionic Transport in Schottky Barrier FETs
Authors: Gauhar Ghulam Ali , Bhattacharjee Shubhadeep , Badami Oves 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBoltzmann carrier statistics restrict the sub‐threshold swing (SS ≥ 60 mVdec–1) and, consequently, the supply voltage (≈ 1 V) of the thermionic transistor. This primary bottleneck results in rapidly increasing power consumption, heating, and associated reliability/scalability challenges as more devices are packed into a small footprint. Despite significant efforts from the device community, a suitable sub‐thermionic alternative is yet to emerge. In this work, an attempt is made to understand the physics of Schottky barrier FETs demonstrating SS < 60 mVdec–1, as evident in some experimental results. Employing the in‐house TCAD tool, the electrostatic potential in the device is accurately modeled with the sweeping gate bias. Next, the Tsu–Esaki model is used to compute the tunneling current. The analysis shows that the steep SS results from an abrupt change in the tunneling barrier profile, from a step‐like to a triangular‐like. However, in the ON regime, the drift component begins to dominate the transfer characteristics. Thus, the subtle interplay between the drift and tunneling components of transport leads to SS < 60 mVdec–1in OFF‐state with improved in ON‐state. Finally, using the calibrated model, the performance metrics of an all‐2D material‐based CMOS inverter operating at a low VDD ≈ 0.6 V are projected.
Uncertainty resulting from constant bulk density assumption when interpreting soil nutrient concentrations
Authors: Singh Arshdeep , Kukal Meetpal S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoil nutrient concentrations are often expressed as parts per million (ppm) in soil test reports. For incorporation into nutrient management decisions, ppm‐based concentrations have to be converted into pounds per acre, and a conversion factor (multiplier) of 2.0 is typically recommended universally to do so. However, this conversion factor stems from an assumed value of bulk density (ρb) corresponding to silt loam soil and is invariant to any deviation beyond assumed ρb. Here, we quantify and evaluate the potential ramifications of assuming a constant ρb value on calculating soil nitrogen credits. A true dynamic conversion factor that is sensitive to variation in ρb ranges between 1.28 and 2.68 for soils across US cropland. Failure to account for this dynamic conversion factor was shown to result in an underestimation of soil N credits by up to 40%. In addition to spatial variation, management‐induced changes in ρb are also important to incorporate into the conversion factor.
Incorporating implementation science principles into curricular design
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Bobitt Julie , Kotini‐Shah Pavitra , Khosla Shaveta , Watson Dennis P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImplementation science (IS) is an approach focused on increasing the application of evidence‐based health interventions into practice, through purposive and thoughtful planning to maximize uptake, scalability, and sustainability. Many of these principles can be readily applied to medical education, to help augment traditional approaches to curriculum design. In this paper, we summarize key components of IS with an emphasis on application to the medical educator.
Weak Force Sensing Based on Optical Parametric Amplification in a Cavity Optomechanical System Coupled in Series with Two Oscillators
Authors: Liu Zheng , Liu Yu‐qiang , Yang Yi‐jia , Yu Chang‐shui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the realm weak force sensing, an important issue is to suppress fundamental noise (quantum noise and thermal noise), as they limit the accuracy of force measurement. In this study, a weak force sensing scheme that combines a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and an auxiliary mechanical oscillator into a cavity optomechanical system to reduce quantum noise is investigated. It is demonstrated that the noise reduction of two coupled oscillators depends on their norm mode splitting. and provide a classic analogy and quantum perspective for further clarification. Besides, the noise reduction mechanism of OPA is to reduce the fluctuation of photon number and enhance the squeezing of the cavity field. A specific design is proposed that aimed at enhancing the joint effect of both, beyond what can be achieved using OPA alone or two series coupled oscillators. This scheme provides a new perspective for deeper understanding of cavity field squeezing and auxiliary oscillator in force sensing.
Investigation of the Odilorhabdin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Using NRPS Engineering
Authors: Präve Leonard , Seyfert Carsten E. , Bozhüyük Kenan A. J. , Racine Emilie , Müller Rolf , Bode Helge B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe recently identified natural product NOSO‐95A from entomopathogenic Xenorhabdus bacteria, derived from a biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) encoding a non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), was the first member of the odilorhabdin class of antibiotics. This class exhibits broad‐spectrum antibiotic activity and inspired the development of the synthetic derivative NOSO‐502, which holds potential as a new clinical drug by breaking antibiotic resistance. While the mode of action of odilorhabdins was broadly investigated, their biosynthesis pathway remained poorly understood. Here we describe the heterologous production of NOSO‐95A in Escherichia coli after refactoring the complete BGC. Since the production titer was low, NRPS engineering was applied to uncover the underlying biosynthetic principles. For this, modules of the odilorhabdin NRPS fused to other synthetases were co‐expressed with candidate hydroxylases encoded in the BGC allowing the characterization of the biosynthesis of three unusual amino acids and leading to the identification of a prodrug‐activation mechanism by deacylation. Our work demonstrates the application of NRPS engineering as a blueprint to mechanistically elucidate large or toxic NRPS and provides the basis to generate novel odilorhabdin analogues with improved properties in the future.
Solid‐State Oxidation of Alcohols in Gold‐Coated Milling Vessels via Direct Mechanocatalysis
Authors: Wohlgemuth Maximilian , Schmidt Sarah , Mayer Maike , Pickhardt Wilm , Graetz Sven , Borchardt Lars 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach for the selective oxidation of alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes through direct mechanocatalysis, employing a gold‐coated milling vessel as catalyst and air as the oxidation agent. By adjusting milling frequency, media, and duration, high catalytic efficiencies and selectivities are achieved. Remarkably, yields of up to 99 % are obtained for specific substrates, with a turnover number (TON) of 8200 and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.77 s−1, surpassing existing alternatives. Confirmation of the catalytic reaction indeed occurring on the milling tool surface was achieved through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Two perspectives on family rifts: the concepts of estrangement and cut‐off
Authors: McKnight Anne S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article presents a survey of literature written on the concepts of estrangement and cut‐off, comparing the similarities of the two concepts and distinguishing significant differences in the scope and theoretical underpinnings of the ideas. Lucy Blake's review of the research studies on estrangement available in 2017 found no common agreement on the concept of estrangement. Quantitative research focused on the amount of contact and qualitative research on the quality of the contact. Susan Forward's approach to rifts between adult children and their parents, which is reflected in the work of the Standalone organisation in Britain, is that parents who are critical or non‐affirming of their adult child are toxic. These traits are thought to create difficulties in the life of the adult child, who is advised to sever contact as a step towards self‐actualisation. On the other hand, Joshua Coleman and Karl Pillemer focus on estrangement as the outcome of the tension between the parent and child, both of whom play a part in the rift, advocating that each side moderate their reactivity, blame and expectations. Kylie Agllias's research utilises concepts from family systems theory, recommending the effort to self‐regulate and to understand one's contribution to the reactivity as integral to reconciliation. Murray Bowen conceptualised the family as a multigenerational family system with varying mechanisms, including cut‐off, to handle tension as the family unit adapts to stressors over time. Cut‐off is an outcome of the family's level of anxiety and the capacity of the family for differentiation, their thoughtful collaboration with one another to address the challenges they face. The effort to bridge cut‐off is one aspect of an individual's effort to be a more thoughtful, connected presence in the family system as work on differentiation of self.