bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recrystallization of magadiite into offretite in the presence of tetramethylammonium cations
Authors: Wang Yu , Shang Yunshuai , Wu Jian , Zhu Jiang , Yang Yang , Meng Changgong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study was aimed at investigating the recrystallization of magadiite into offretite in the presence of tetramethylammonium cations (TMA). The offretite was characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption analysis, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The influence of key reaction parameters on the formation of offretite, including reaction time, TMA cations, potassium cations and the SiO2/Al2O3 reactant ratio, were examined.RESULTS: Well‐crystallized offretite, which was composed of agglomerated samples, was prepared from a dispersion with the molar composition: 3.6 K2O: 3.6 Na2O: 1.0 Al2O3: 6.5 SiO2: 320 H2O: 1.5 TMA+ by heating at 140 °C for 3 days. The structure of offretite collapsed when the temperature rose above 1000 °C. The organic template was removed when the sample was calcined at 550 °C for 10 h.CONCLUSION: Magadiite has been used to synthesize offretite with a high purity and well crystallized in the presence of tetramethylammonium cations. The results of the present study indicate the feasibility of a synthetic route to offretite through recrystallization of magadiite in the presence of tetramethylammonium cations. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetik der sauren Abspaltung von N‐ und C‐Schutzgruppen bei Peptiden
Authors: Losse Günter , Zeidler Dieter , Grieshaber Thea 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDie Spaltungsgeschwindigkeiten der wichtigsten Peptid‐N‐ und ‐C‐Schutzgruppen in Bromwasserstoff/Eisessig (Tab. 1) und Tetrahydrofuran/Salzsäure (Tab. 3) verschiedener Konzentration sowie in Eisessig (Tab. 2) und wasserfreier Trifluoressigsäure (Tab. 4) werden unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen gemessen. Die Reaktivitäten werden verglichen und Rückschlüsse auf die Peptid‐Synthese gezogen.
Advancing consumer behaviour theory in tourism via visual narrative art
Authors: Woodside Arch G. , Megehee Carol M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper advances (i) propositions of consumer behaviour theory in tourism via storytelling theory and (ii) skills in decoding elements and subtle details that appear in ‘good stories’ versus not‐so‐good stories within travel contexts. The present paper presents a set of iconic story symbols for use in decoding stories and shows how to use these tools for decoding tourism‐related narratives. Practice using these visual iconic symbols in decoding stories achieves effective storytelling learning via cognitive sculpting; that is, learning improves from moving and arranging (sculpting) potentially three‐dimensional story or electronically movable icons while talking or writing narratives. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cortisol response during physiological sexual arousal in adult women with a history of childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Rellini Alessandra H. , Hamilton Lisa Dawn , Delville Yvon , Meston Cindy M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMany women with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) experience difficulties becoming sexually aroused. This study measured cortisol and physiological sexual arousal during exposure to sexual stimuli in women with and without a history of CSA. Childhood sexual abuse survivors showed a smaller decrease in cortisol during sexual arousal than the nonsexually abused, control group potentially due to an increase in cortisol in some of the participants in the CSA group. Physiological sexual arousal was weaker in CSA survivors compared to women with no history of sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms showed characteristics consistent with mediation for the relationship between a history of CSA and inhibited sexual arousal responses.
Chemistry and Mechanism of Alkene Polymerization Reactions with Metallocene Catalysts
Authors: Kissin Yury V. , Goldman Alan S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe structures of oligomers formed in ethylene polymerization reactions catalyzed by metallocene complexes are described. Ethylene was homopolymerized and copolymerized with four 1‐alkenes—propene, hex‐1‐ene, hept‐1‐ene, and 3,3‐dimethylbut‐1‐ene—using as catalysts (n‐Bu‐Cp)2ZrCl2 and (Me‐Cp)2ZrCl2 complexes activated with MAO, both in the absence and in the presence of H2. Oligomers generated in these reactions are the low molecular weight “tails” of the molecular weight distributions of the respective homopolymers and copolymers. GC analysis affords structural identification of each polymer molecule, albeit a very short one, individually. Analysis of the co‐oligomer structures provides explicit confirmation of the standard mechanisms and kinetics of chain growth and chain transfer reactions. The kinetic features include primary and secondary insertion reactions of 1‐alkene molecules into Cp2ZrC and Cp2ZrH bonds, chain transfer reactions to AlMe3, independence of chain growth rate constants on the size of polymer chains attached to active centers, etc. GC analysis also yields detailed information on an unusual feature of metallocene catalysis, namely the formation of saturated macromolecules in ethylene polymerization reactions performed in the absence of H2.magnified image
Formation of Crystallosolvates Comprising Nano‐Crystals of Stereocomplex in a Ternary Mixture of Poly(L‐lactide)/Poly(D‐lactide)/Diphenyl Ether
Authors: Nakajima Hajime , Wataoka Isao , Ohara Hitomi , Kimura Yoshiharu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEqual amounts of poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) and poly(D‐lactide) (PDLA) were mixed with diphenyl ether (DE) at high temperature in DE‐to‐polymer composition from 0 to 80 wt.‐%. Cooling of the ternary mixtures produced white crystallosolvates without deposition of DE. Various analyses revealed that the crystallosolvates consisted of both homo‐chiral (hc) and stereocomplex (sc) crystals of PLLA and PDLA as well as amorphous domains involving DE. The crystallosolvate obtained at a DE content of 80 wt.‐%, comprised only the sc crystals. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that many granules having a size of 20 nm in diameter were formed from rod‐like hc crystallites and that the DE was slightly phase‐separated to form nano‐sized reservoirs. The stronger sc interaction between the PLLA and PDLA chains excluded DE from the polymer matrix.magnified image
Different Effects of Water and Glycerol on Morphology and Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/Soy Protein Concentrate Blends
Authors: Liu Bo , Jiang Long , Liu Hongzhi , Sun Lili , Zhang Jinwen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWhen containing extra water, soy protein concentrate (SPC) can behave like a plastic melt rather than particulate filler in blending process. In this study, blends of formulated SPC and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were prepared. The effects of glycerol and water added to SPC on phase morphology, rheological, thermal, thermal‐dynamic, and mechanical properties of the blends were investigated. The results demonstrated that water was more effective in gelating SPC and transforming it into a plastic than glycerol. With extra water added, SPC in the resulting blend existed as stretched threads with certain degree of interconnectivity between the threads. In contrast, with only glycerol added, SPC existed as large SPC agglomerates. Consequently, the blends made from extra water‐containing SPC exhibited higher mechanical, thermal‐dynamic, and rheological properties.magnified image
A Novel Approach for Mixing ZnO Nanoparticles into Poly(ethyl methacrylate)
Authors: Agrawal Mukesh , Zafeiropoulos Nikolaos E. , Gupta Smrati , Svetushkina Ekaterina , Pionteck Jürgen , Pich Andrij , Stamm Manfred 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA novel and versatile approach for the mixing of ZnO nanofillers into a host polymer matrix, poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA), is reported. Firstly, ZnO nanoparticles are deposited onto the surface of polystyrene (PS) colloidal particles in a “raspberry‐like” fashion and subsequently obtained PS/ZnO composite particles are mixed into the PEMA matrix in the range of 0.5 to 5 wt.‐%. Microscopic analyses reveal a homogenous distribution of PS/ZnO domains into the PEMA matrix even at 5 wt.‐% loading level. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results indicate an improvement in thermal stability of PEMA matrix after mixing with PS/ZnO filler particles. A significant enhancement in mechanical properties of PEMA matrix in the presence of PS/ZnO particles has been evidenced by dynamic mechanical analysis and three point bending measurements.magnified image
Reconstruction of large head and neck deformities: Experience with free gracilis muscle and myocutaneous flaps
Authors: Del Frari Barbara , Schoeller Thomas , Wechselberger Gottfried 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMicrovascular free flaps continue to revolutionize coverage options in head and neck reconstruction. The authors describe their experience with the gracilis free flap and the myocutaneous gracilis free flap with reconstruction of head and neck defects. Eleven patients underwent 12 free tissue transfer to the head and neck region. The reconstruction was performed with the transverse myocutaneous gracilis (TMG) flap (n = 7) and the gracilis muscle flap with skin graft (n = 5). The average patient age was 63.4 years (range, 17–82 years). The indications for this procedure were tumor and haemangioma resections. The average patient follow‐up was 20.7 months (range, 1 month–5.7 years). Total flap survival was 100%. There were no partial flap losses. Primary wound healing occurred in all cases. Recipient site morbidities included one hematoma. In our experience for reconstruction of moderate volume and surface area defects, muscle flaps with skin graft provide a better color match and skin texture relative to myocutaneous or fasciocutaneous flaps. The gracilis muscle free flap is not widely used for head and neck reconstruction but has the potential to give good results. As a filling substance for large cavities, the transverse myocutaneus gracilis flap has many advantages including reliable vascular anatomy, relatively great plasticity and a concealed donor area. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
The bipedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap: Clinical experience with 53 patients
Authors: Karaaltin Mehmet Veli , Erdem Adnan , Canter Ibrahim , Çavdar Günay , Baghaki Semih 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap is a valuable workhorse of the microsurgeon, especially in closing large body defects. One of the pitfalls in harvesting the flap, is particularly in its inferior aspect which may be unreliable. Here we report a series of 53 patients who were undergone bipedicled free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous free flaps for extensive tissue defects. The age of patients were between 5 and 64 and all of them were males. The wound sizes in these patients ranged between 31–35 × 10–12 cm and flap dimensions were between 38–48 × 6–8 cm. Perforator branches of the 10th intercostal vessels were dissected and supercharged to the flaps to reduce the risk of ischemia of the inferior cutaneous extensions. The secondary pedicles were anastomosed to recipient vessels other than the primary pedicles. Recipient areas were consisted of lower extremities. Four patients suffered of early arterial failure in the major pedicle and all revisions were successfully attempted. Neither sign of venous congestion nor arterial insufficiency were observed at the inferior cutaneous extensions of the flaps, and all defects were reconstructed successfully. All donor sites were primarily closed, only two patients suffered from a minor area of superficial epidermal loss at the donor site, without suffering any adjunct complications. In conclusion coverage of large defects can be safely performed with extending the skin paddle of latissimus dorsi flap as a bipedicled free flap. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
Brain temperature by Biosensor Imaging of Redundant Deviation in Shifts (BIRDS): comparison between TmDOTP5−and TmDOTMA−
Authors: Coman Daniel , Trubel Hubert K. , Hyder Fahmeed 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemical shifts of complexes between paramagnetic lanthanide ions and macrocyclic chelates are sensitive to physiological variations (of temperature and/or pH). Here we demonstrate utility of a complex between thulium ion (Tm3+) and the macrocyclic chelate 1,4,7,10‐tetramethyl 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetate (or DOTMA4−) for absolute temperature mapping in rat brain. The feasibility of TmDOTMA− is compared with that of another Tm3+‐containing biosensor which is based on the macrocyclic chelate 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐ 1,4,7,10‐tetrakis(methylene phosphonate) (or DOTP8−). In general, the in vitro and in vivo results suggest that Biosensor Imaging of Redundant Deviation in Shifts (BIRDS) which originate from these agents (but exclude water) can provide temperature maps with good accuracy. While TmDOTP5− emanates three major distinct proton resonances which are differentially sensitive to temperature and pH, TmDOTMA− has a dominant pH‐insensitive proton resonance from a CH3 group to allow higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) temperature assessment. Temperature (and pH) sensitivities of these resonances are practically identical at low (4.0T) and high (11.7T) magnetic fields and at nominal repetition times only marginal SNR loss is expected at the lower field. Since these resonances have extremely short relaxation times, high‐speed chemical shift imaging (CSI) is needed to detect them. Repeated in vivo CSI scans with BIRDS demonstrate excellent measurement stability. Overall, results with TmDOTP5− and TmDOTMA− suggest that BIRDS can be reliably applied, either at low or high magnetic fields, for functional studies in rodents. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory effect of quercetin on periodontal pathogens in vitro
Authors: Geoghegan F. , Wong R.W.K. , Rabie A.B.M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) are bacteria strongly associated with early onset, progressive and refractory periodontal disease and associated alveolar bone loss. Quercetin is a flavonoid found in many foods including apples, onions and tea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of quercetin on in vitro growth of periodontal pathogens Aa and Pg. For comparison, quercetin's effect on several oral microbes was also evaluated.Different concentrations of quercetin solution were added to calibrated suspensions of Aa and Pg. All suspensions were incubated for 1, 3, 6, and 24 h in an anaerobic chamber at 37°C. At each time point, selected dilutions from each culture broth were plated on blood agar plates. Colonies appearing on blood agar plates were visually counted on 3 days for Aa and 5 days for Pg. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of both periodontal pathogens were also determined.Both periodontal bacteria showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in viable counts after 1 h. No colony forming units of Pg could be observed after 24 h. The results suggest that quercetin possesses significant antimicrobial properties on periodontal pathogens in vitro. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of olive leaf extract and its main component oleuroepin on acute ultraviolet B irradiation‐induced skin changes in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Sumiyoshi Maho , Kimura Yoshiyuki 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOlive (Olea europaea L.) leaves have long been used in folk medicine and herbal tea in Europe and the Mediterranean area. The Mediterranean climate is characterized by high temperatures, and by strong ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation causing the skin to age, increasing wrinkling, pigmentation and skin thickness. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an olive leaf extract and its component oleuropein on skin damage caused by acute UVB irradiation in C57BL/6J mice. The extract (300 or 1000 mg/kg) and oleuropein (25 or 85 mg/kg) were administered orally twice daily for 14 days. UVB was administered daily at a dose of 120 mJ/cm2 for the first 5 days and then every other day for 9 days. Both treatments inhibited the increases in skin thickness induced by radiation. They also inhibited increases in the Ki‐67‐ and 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine‐positive cell numbers, melanin granule area and matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13) expression. These preventive effects on UVB‐induced skin damage might be caused in part by inhibiting the degradation of extracellular matrixes in the corium, and by the proliferation of epidermal cells through the inhibition of increases in MMP‐13 levels and reactive oxygen species induced by irradiation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Persicarin from water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) protects primary cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate‐induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Ma Choong Je , Lee Ki Yong , Jeong Eun Ju , Kim Seung Hyun , Park Junghyun , Choi Yun Hee , Kim Young Choong , Sung Sang Hyun 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe n‐BuOH fraction of O. javanica significantly protected the primary cultures of rat cortical cells exposed to glutamate. Four flavonoids yielded from this fraction through bioactivity‐guidance. The isolated compounds, identified as isorhamnetin (1), afzelin (2), hyperoside (3) and persicarin (4), were evaluated in vitro for their neuroprotective activity. Persicarin (4), the main constituent of O. javanica, showed significant neuroprotective activities in glutamate‐injured rat cortical cells. Persicarin diminished calcium influx and inhibited the subsequent overproduction of nitric oxide and intracellular peroxide. In addition, persicarin significantly restored the reduced activities of glutathione (GSH) reductase and glutathione peroxidase, and the contents of GSH induced by glutamate. These results support a conclusion that persicarin greatly contributes to the neuroprotective activities of O. javanica. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening of some Tanzanian medicinal plants for their trypanocidal and cytotoxic activities
Authors: Nibret Endalkachew , Ashour Mohamed L. , Rubanza Chrispinus D. , Wink Michael 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to evaluate in vitro antitrypanosomal and cytotoxic activities of crude extracts of 20 traditionally used medicinal plants of Tanzania. A total of 40 extracts (dichloromethane and methanol) were screened for antiproliferative activity of bloodstream form of T. b. brucei and human leukaemia HL‐60 cell. Inhibition of cell proliferation was assessed using resazurin as vital stain. Of the 40 extracts tested, the dichloromethane extract from bark of Warburgia salutaris (Canellaceae) exhibited the most potent antitrypanosomal activity with an IC50 value of 10.68 μg/ml. A dichloromethane extract from Lannea stuhlmannii (Anacardiaceae) was found to be the most cytotoxic extract against HL‐60 (IC50 = 27.15 μg/ml). Out of the 20 plants tested, 5 plants exhibited trypanocidal activity with IC50 values below 20 μg/ml. These 5 plants: Entandrophragma bussei (Meliaceae), Securidaca longepedunculata (Polygalaceae), Warburgia salutaris (Canellaceae), Zanha africana (Sapindaceae) and Zanthoxylum chalybeum (Rutaceae) could therefore serve as sources of lead compounds for treatment of trypanosomiasis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid identification of additives in poly(vinyl chloride) lid gaskets by direct analysis in real time ionisation and single‐quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Rothenbacher Thorsten , Schwack Wolfgang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGaskets for lids of glass jars usually consist of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) containing plasticisers and additional additives, which may migrate into packed foodstuffs. To conform to legal regulations, any such migration has to be determined analytically, which is a big challenge due to the huge chemical variety of additives in use. Therefore, a rapid screening method by means of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS), using a single‐quadrupole mass spectrometer, was developed. On introducing a plastisol sample into the DART interface, protonated molecules and ammonium adducts were obtained as the typical ionisation products of any additives present, and cleavages of ester bonds as typical fragmentation processes. Generally, additives present in the 1% range could be directly and easily identified if ion suppressive effects deriving from specific molecules did not occur. These effects could be avoided by analysing toluene extracts of plastisol samples, and this also improved the sensivity. Using this method, it was possible to identify phthalates, fatty acid amides, tributyl O‐acetylcitrate, dibutyl sebacate, bis(2‐ethylhexyl) adipate, 1,2‐diisononyl 1,2‐cyclohexanedicarboxylate, and even more complex additives like acetylated mono‐ and diacylglycerides, epoxidised soybean oil, and polyadipates, with a limit of detection of ≤1% in PVC plastisols. Only in the case of epoxidised linseed oil were levels of ≥5% required for identification. The detection of azodicarbonamide, used as a foaming agent within the manufacturing process, was possible in principle, but was not highly reproducible due to the very low concentrations in plastisols. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diversity of non‐stoichiometric substitutions on the lipopolysaccharide of E. coli C demonstrated by electrospray ionization single quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Kojima Hisaki , Inagaki Minoru , Tomita Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Teruko 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of enterobacteria frequently contains various numbers of charged non‐stoichiometric substituents such as phosphate (P) and ethanolamine (EtN) groups and a third residue of 3‐deoxy‐D‐manno‐2‐octulosonic acid (KDO) on the R‐core polysaccharide backbone. These substituents can modify the biological activities of LPS including varying the stability of the outer membrane, tolerance to cationic antibiotics, pathogenicity, and sensitivity to enterobacteria bacteriophages. These diverse substituents can be clearly detected in degraded samples of LPS from E. coli C using electrospray ionization single quadrupole mass spectrometry (ESI‐Q‐MS) from a 0.1 mg/mL solution in a 50:50 mixture of methanol and 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH 6.8). The O‐deacylated derivative showed multiple peaks of [M–3H]3− ions which corresponded to species having up to eight phosphates, two ethanolamines, and an additional KDO on the backbone of Hex5 Hep3 KDO2 GlcN2 C14:0(3‐OH)2. The major components of the O,N‐deacylated derivative were the species associated with four and five phosphates on Hex5 Hep3 KDO2 GlcN2. The polysaccharide portion of LPS also revealed species which corresponded to Hex5 Hep3 KDO associated with two to four phosphates and an ethanolamine. The present method was proved to be useful to investigate the structural diversity of enterobacterial LPS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.