bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten-year myringoplasty series: does the cause of perforation affect the success rate?
Authors: Westerberg J , Harder H , Magnuson B , Westerberg L , Hydén D 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:To present the results of primary myringoplasty procedures together with the perforation cause, perforation size and site, surgeon's experience, and surgical method, and to investigate how these factors relate to graft ‘take’ rates.Study design:Retrospective chart review of 243 consecutive patients undergoing primary myringoplasty with temporalis fascia underlay over a 10-year period from 1994 to 2004.Results:The overall graft take rate was 95 per cent. The retroauricular approach resulted in a 97 per cent graft take rate, whereas a significantly lower rate (77 per cent) was seen for surgery conducted via the endaural approach, or via an ear speculum. There was no relationship between other factors and tympanic membrane healing.Conclusion:No association was found between perforation cause and graft take rate. The underlay technique is safe and reliable, and the retroauricular approach is preferable as it enables good surgical access and has better results.
Development of an auditory implant manipulator for minimally invasive surgical insertion of implantable hearing devices
Authors: Stieger C , Caversaccio M , Arnold A , Zheng G , Salzmann J , Widmer D , Gerber N , Thurner M , Nauer C , Mussard Y , Kompis M , Nolte L P , Häusler R , Weber S 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:To present the auditory implant manipulator, a navigation-controlled mechanical and electronic system which enables minimally invasive (‘keyhole’) transmastoid access to the tympanic cavity.Materials and methods:The auditory implant manipulator is a miniaturised robotic system with five axes of movement and an integrated drill. It can be mounted on the operating table. We evaluated the surgical work field provided by the system, and the work sequence involved, using an anatomical whole head specimen.Results:The work field provided by the auditory implant manipulator is considerably greater than required for conventional mastoidectomy. The work sequence for a keyhole procedure included pre-operative planning, arrangement of equipment, the procedure itself and post-operative analysis.Conclusion:Although system improvements are necessary, our preliminary results indicate that the auditory implant manipulator has the potential to perform keyhole insertion of implantable hearing devices.
Theory of azimuthal surface waves propagating in non-uniform waveguides
Authors: GIRKA V. O. , GIRKA I. O. , GIRKA A. V. , PAVLENKO I. V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the theory of surface waves propagating across axis of symmetry in non-uniform cylindrical metal waveguides with plasma filling. The presented results are devoted to: first, studying an influence of plasma density non-uniformity on the features of these waves; second, studying an influence of an external magnetic fields' non-uniformity on their dispersion properties; third, studying possibility to sustain gas discharge by propagation of these waves under different operating regimes. The problems have been solved both analytically and numerically. Plasma particles are described in the framework of hydrodynamics; fields of the studied waves are determined by a set of Maxwell equations. Analytical research of the obtained equations is carried out by the method of successive approximation; adequacy of such approach is proved here as well. Numerical evaluations of the possibilities to observe experimentally the phenomena, which accompany propagation of these waves, are carried out.
A global sensitivity analysis for African sleeping sickness
Authors: DAVIS STEPHEN , AKSOY SERAP , GALVANI ALISON 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYAfrican sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease transmitted through the bites of tsetse flies of the genusGlossina. We constructed mechanistic models for the basic reproduction number,R0, ofTrypanosoma brucei gambienseandTrypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, respectively the causative agents of West and East African human sleeping sickness. We present global sensitivity analyses of these models that rank the importance of the biological parameters that may explain variation inR0, using parameter ranges based on literature, field data and expertize out of Uganda. For West African sleeping sickness, our results indicate that the proportion of bloodmeals taken from humans byGlossina fuscipes fuscipesis the most important factor, suggesting that differences in the exposure of humans to tsetse are fundamental to the distribution ofT. b. gambiense. The second ranked parameter forT. b. gambienseand the highest ranked forT. b. rhodesiensewas the proportion ofGlossinarefractory to infection. This finding underlines the possible implications of recent work showing that nutritionally stressed tsetse are more susceptible to trypanosome infection, and provides broad support for control strategies in development that are aimed at increasing refractoriness in tsetse flies. We note though that forT. b. rhodesiensethe population parameters for tsetse – species composition, survival and abundance – were ranked almost as highly as the proportion refractory, and that the model assumed regular treatment of livestock with trypanocides as an established practice in the areas of Uganda experiencing East African sleeping sickness.
Efficacy of two praziquantel treatments among primary school children in an area of highSchistosoma mansoniendemicity, Nile Delta, Egypt
Authors: BARAKAT RASHIDA , MORSHEDY HALA EL 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYPraziquantel is the cornerstone of schistosomiasis control. A number of reports from endemic areas suggest that resistance or tolerance to praziquantel might exist inSchistosoma mansoni.Several explanations were postulated. The present work was designed to test the hypothesis that a low praziquantel (pzq) cure rate in Egypt is due to survival and maturation of immature stages that escaped pzq, which is effective against matureS. mansoniworms only. The study sample included 1351 children attending El Rouse primary school located in El Rouse village, Nile Delta, Egypt. All children received 2 pzq doses (40 mg/kg) 4 weeks apart. Diagnosis ofS. mansoniinfection and cure assessment were based on examination of 2 Kato slides prepared from a single stool sample collected before and 4 weeks after the first and second treatments. The cure rate was 78·8% after the first treatment and increased significantly to 90·8% after the second treatment. Egg reduction rates were 71·2% and 77·2% after 1 and 2 treatments respectively. Pre-treatment intensity of infection has a great influence on cure and egg reduction rates. Our results confirmed that low praziquantel cure rate, in Egypt, might be attributed, even partially, to survival and maturation of the immatureS. mansonistages that escaped pzq that is effective against mature worms only.
The generalizability of antidepressant efficacy trials to routine psychiatric out-patient practice
Authors: van der Lem R. , van der Wee N. J. A. , van Veen T. , Zitman F. G. 
Published: November 2010

BackgroundGeneralizability of antidepressant efficacy trials (AETs) to daily practice is questioned because of their very stringent patient selection. This study aims to determine eligibility for AETs of out-patients suffering from major depression in a routine out-patient setting and investigates influence of eligibility on treatment outcome.MethodData collection (n=1653) was performed through routine outcome monitoring by independent trained research nurses. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus and the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology, short Dutch version were used for diagnostic assessment and personality pathology screening. The Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used for assessment of baseline severity and treatment outcome. Eligibility was assessed by stepwise application of commonly used exclusion criteria. Influence of eligibility on treatment outcome was investigated in a subsample of the 1653 patients who had at least one follow-up assessment (n=626). Eligible and non-eligible patients were compared on proportion of response (50% reduction) and remission on MADRS (MADRS⩽10).ResultsAltogether, 17–25% of the patients were eligible for AETs. The most common reasons for exclusion would be ‘not meeting minimum baseline severity’ and ‘presence of co-morbid Axis I disorder’. Eligible and non-eligible patients did not differ in treatment outcome. Only ‘meeting the minimum baseline severity’ is associated with remission.ConclusionsThe majority of ‘real life’ out-patients are not eligible for AETs. However, the influence of eligibility on treatment outcome seems to be small. This suggests that stringent patient selection by eligibility criteria is not the major reason for lack of generalizability of AETs. Exclusion of less severely depressed patients from the analyses resulted in better treatment outcome. Milder depression is highly prevalent in daily practice and more research into treatment effectiveness in milder depression is warranted.
Pre-adult versus adult onset major depressive disorder in a naturalistic patient sample: the Leiden Routine Outcome Monitoring Study
Authors: van Noorden M. S. , Minkenberg S. E. , Giltay E. J. , den Hollander-Gijsman M. E. , van Rood Y. R. , van der Wee N. J. , Zitman F. G. 
Published: November 2010

BackgroundPre-adult onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) may predict a more severe phenotype of depression. As data from naturalistic psychiatric specialty care settings are scarce, we examined phenotypic differences between pre-adult and adult onset MDD in a large sample of consecutive out-patients.MethodAltogether, 1552 out-patients, mean age 39.2±11.6 years, were diagnosed with current MDD on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus diagnostic interview as part of the usual diagnostic procedure. A total of 1105 patients (71.2%) had complete data on all variables of interest. Pre-adult onset of MDD was defined as having experienced the signs and symptoms of a first major depressive episode before the age of 18 years. Patients were stratified according to the age at interview (20–40/40–65 years). Correlates of pre-adult onset were analysed using logistic regression models adjusted for age, age squared and gender.ResultsUnivariate analyses showed that pre-adult onset of MDD had a distinct set of demographic (e.g. less frequently living alone) and clinical correlates (more co-morbid DSM-IV – Text Revision diagnoses, more social phobia, more suicidality). In the multivariate model, we found an independent association only for a history of suicide attempts [odds ratio (OR) 3.15, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.97–5.05] and current suicidal thoughts (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.26–2.60) in patients with pre-adult versus adult onset MDD.ConclusionsPre-adult onset of MDD is associated with more suicidality than adult onset MDD. Age of onset of depression is an easy to ascertain characteristic that may help clinicians in weighing suicide risk.
Bipolar cells in the zebrafish retina
Authors: CONNAUGHTON V.P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractZebrafish are an existing model for genetic and developmental studies due to their rapid external development and transparent embryos, which allow easy manipulation and observation of early developmental stages. The application of the zebrafish model to vision research has allowed for examination of retinal development and the characteristics of different retinal cell types, including bipolar cells. In particular, bipolar cell development, including differentiation, maturation, and gene expression, has been documented, as has physiological properties, such as voltage- and ligand-gated currents, and neurotransmitter receptor and ion channel expression. Mutant strains and transgenic lines have been used to document how bipolar cell connections and/or development may be altered, and toxicological studies examining how environmental factors may impact bipolar cell activity have been performed. The purpose of this paper was to review the existing literature on zebrafish bipolar cells, to provide a comprehensive overview of current information pertaining to this retinal cell type.
Mineralogy of glaciomarine sediments from the Prydz Bay–Kerguelen region: relation to modern depositional environments
Authors: Borchers Andreas , Voigt Ines , Kuhn Gerhard , Diekmann Bernhard 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSurface mineralogical compositions and their association to modern processes are well known from the east Atlantic and south-west Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean, but data from the interface of these areas - the Prydz Bay–Kerguelen region - is still missing. The objective of our study was to provide mineralogical data of reference samples from this region and to relate these mineralogical assemblages to hinterland geology, weathering, transport and depositional processes. Clay mineral assemblages were analysed by means of X-ray diffraction technique. Heavy mineral assemblages were determined by counting of gravity-separated grains under a polarizing microscope. Results show that by use of clay mineral assemblages four mineralogical provinces can be subdivided: i) continental shelf, ii) continental slope, iii) deep sea, iv) Kerguelen Plateau. Heavy mineral assemblages in the fine sand fraction are relatively uniform except for samples taken from the East Antarctic shelf. Our findings show that mineralogical studies on sediment cores from the study area have the potential to provide insights into past shifts in ice-supported transport and activity and provenance of different water masses (e.g. Antarctic slope current and deep western boundary current) in the Prydz Bay–Kerguelen region.
Emotion reified. Lessons from the archaeology of ritual
Authors: Swenson Edward 
Published: November 2010

Harris and Sørensen's critique of the archaeological inattention to emotion and their recognition of the material mediation of affect bring to the fore perennial epistemological problems defining the broader archaeological enterprise. The immediate citation of the long-discredited Hawkesian ladder of inference challenges the assumption that past emotional states are unrecoverable from archaeological contexts, just as an earlier generation of archaeologists rejected processual theory that meaning, conceptual schemas and symbolism fell beyond the pale of scientific inference. Of course, Hawkes was not a materialist in the strict sense of the term, and he recognized that value systems transcended the epiphenomenal and played a vital role in structuring social practice and shaping historical process. It was his contention, however, that conceptual and symbolic schemes and their role in social reproduction were simply too complex to be read satisfactorily from material remains (Hawkes 1954; see Fogelin 2008, 129–30). He wrote that ‘there is nothing in North American ecology . . . to compel either Iroquois institutions . . . or the constitution of the United States’ (Hawkes 1954, 163). To be sure, Hawkes probably would not have denied that moved to move is intrinsic to the human condition and that affective dispositions were a force in individual experiences and the collective fortunes and self-representations of past communities. At the same time, he probably gave little consideration to the dialectical interdependence of the material world and emotion, a relationship that has captured the imagination of recent scholars. Hawkes would no doubt have scoffed at the notion that emotion as ontological problem, cultural construct or variable of social interaction is amenable to archaeological interpretation.
Different languages. An interview on archaeology in Germany with Friedrich Lüth
Authors: Gramsch Alexander 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis is an interview about archaeology in Germany and beyond. Friedrich Lüth, currently president of the European Association of Archaeologists, among other positions, talks about archaeological practice and thought in Germany and Europe and the relationship between both. Is German pre- and protohistoric archaeology still best known for its disciplined approaches to material evidence and the thoroughness with regard to the data (Härke 1989)? Are there still concerns whether it is atheoretical (Klejn 1993)? In this interview Lüth reflects on university chairs versus ‘schools’, we hear about how to gain new facts and how to deconstruct interpretations, and we learn about the sixteenfold German heritage management – archaeology is the competence of the sixteenBundesländer(states) rather than of theBund, because state archaeological services as well as the universities fall under the laws of the states, not under federal laws. Topics range from the Bologna process to Germany's attitude towards ‘world archaeology’, from positivism to plurality, and from budgets to languages. We also learn much about the self-perception of archaeology in Germany as a subject between data and theory, between humanities and sciences, and between knowledge production and public relevance.
Beyond externalism. Exploring new directions in the history of archaeology
Authors: Moro Abadía Oscar 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn recent years archaeologists have celebrated the emergence of a critical history of archaeology which has assumed a central position in disciplinary debates. This new historiography has been characterized by the adoption of an externalist or contextual approach primarily concerned with how social, economic and political conditions have influenced the interpretation of archaeological data. While externalism has played an essential role in the recognition of the history of archaeology as a field, I suggest in this article that it is time for historians to explore new ways of conceptualizing the social dimensions of archaeological knowledge. In particular, I consider how certain debates held by historians and sociologists of science during the last years can encourage historians of archaeology to enquire more critically about the blurry boundaries between ‘archaeology’ and its ‘context’.
Hidden mandibular pathology in a patient planned for radiotherapy highlighting the need for dental screening
Authors: Georgiou Anastasia F. , Yeoh S.C. , Coleman H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDental assessments are important before the commencement of radiotherapy to the head and neck area to assess the teeth and associated structures lying in the treatment field and to inform the patient of the effects of radiotherapy on the oral cavity. This case report documents an incidental radiographic finding of a mandibular cystic lesion and its impact on the radiotherapy planning and decision making to proceed with radiotherapy.
Correlation of six-minute walk test, pulmonary function test and radiation pneumonitis in the management of carcinoma of oesophagus: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Rawat Sheh , Kumar Gaurav , Puri Abhishek , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Kakria Anjali , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPurpose: To correlate six-minute walk test (6MWT) and pulmonary function test (PFT) with incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP) while treating patients with oesophageal cancer with conformal radiotherapy.Methods: Forty-five patients were selected to the study protocol. Pulmonary evaluation was done objectively by chest x-ray (CXR), 6MWT and PFT and subjectively by symptoms of cough, dyspnoea and fatigue. These tests were performed before radiation and then repeated at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months after treatment. The dose-volume histogram (DVH) was used to derive doses received by lung and organs at risk. χ2-test was used for calculating the p value.Results: The walk distance change (WDC) correlated with the changes in PFT values (p = 0.001) were done at 3 and 9 months after radiation, respectively. V30 values of ≥20% correlated with the incidence of acute pneumonitis (p = 0.007). 6MVT/vital capacity (VC) values of ≤4 ft/l had a correlation with the incidence of clinically symptomatic RP at 9 months.Conclusion: 6MWT and PFT are supplementary to each other for assessing the lung function status; but their individual role in predicting RP is weak. However, they are complementary to each other in assessing the risk of radiation-induced lung dysfunction.
A new spreite trace fossil from Lower Cretaceous limestone (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)
Authors: Michalík Jozef , Šimo Vladimír 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTZavitokichnus fusiformisn. igen. et n. isp. occurs in Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian to Hauterivian) limestones of the Fatric Superunit in the Western Carpathians. Typical cross sections of this more or less spiral trace fossil are sometimes U–O–C–S-shaped. In cross-section the trace fossil passes from a simple linear form, and spreads to a wider rolled-up or rolled-out form and then it returns to a linear trace. Spreite-like lamellae are distinguishable on several cross-section examples. The trace fossil was produced by a deposit feeder and it might be classified as a fodinichnion.Z. fusiformisco-occurs with trace fossil associations ofZoophycos,Chondrites,Planolites,HormosiroideaandPalaeophycusin carbonate sediments of a deep-seated ramp along the margin of the Fatric intrashelf basin.
Untangling a Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) palaeoecological event in Baltoscandia: conodont faunal changes across the ‘Täljsten’ interval
Authors: Mellgren Johanna I. S. , Eriksson Mats E. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTConodont faunal dynamics and high-resolution biostratigraphy in the lithologically and faunally anomalous ‘Täljsten’ succession, which spans the DarriwilianLenodus variabilis–Yangtzeplacognathus crassusZone boundary, were investigated in a 2·5 m-thick section on Mt Kinnekulle that includes an interval yielding fossil meteorites and extraterrestrial chromite. The previous interpretation that this interval reflects a regression is consistent with the occurrence and abundance patterns of some conodont taxa. The disappearance of e.g.,Periodon, suggests that the regression began prior to the deposition of the grey ‘Täljsten’. The transition from red to grey limestone coincides with a conspicuous faunal re-arrangement. The lower half of the ‘Täljsten’ reflects a gradual shallowing favourable for some taxa, such asLenodus, and the immigration ofMicrozarkodinacf.ozarkodellaandHistiodella holodentata. In the middle of the ‘Täljsten’ interval, coinciding with the appearance of abundant cystoids, conditions became less hospitable for conodonts, resulting in a low diversity and low abundance fauna, which occurs to the top of the interval. The overlying red limestone, apparently deposited during a deepening event, marks a return to pre-‘Täljsten’ conditions with a re-organised fauna. The close correlation between the lithologic shifts and conodont faunal changes demonstrates the usefulness of conodonts as environmental indicators.