bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory identification of lupus anticoagulants
Authors: Smock Kristi J. , Rodgers George M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLupus anticoagulants (LA) are acquired autoantibodies that can cause antiphospholipid syndrome. LAs prolong phospholipid‐dependent coagulation tests, acting as nonspecific inhibitors that are neutralized in the presence of excess phospholipid. However, there is no gold standard test and the testing is influenced by a number of variables. This article summarizes laboratory testing for LAs, with particular focus on technical issues and limitations of testing. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Late‐onset neutropenia following RCHOP chemotherapy in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Lai Gillianne Geet Yi , Lim Soon‐Thye , Tao Miriam , Chan Alexandre , Li Huihua , Quek Richard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRituximab has been associated with the development of late‐onset neutropenia (LON). As only heterogeneous studies have been conducted, its incidence and clinical course remain unclear. We aim to: (1) study the incidence and clinical relevance of WHO grade 3/4 LON in a uniform group of patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in complete remission following curative rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (RCHOP) chemotherapy; (2) ascertain predictive factors for LON. The 121 eligible patients identified from our prospectively maintained database were followed up for occurrence of WHO grade 3/4 LON. The clinical course of LON was documented, and its relationship with patient‐ and tumor‐related factors was analyzed. With a median follow‐up of 883 days (range, 265–1762), 13.2% had developed LON of grade 3/4. The median time to neutrophil nadir was 129 days (range, 39–277). The median time to recovery was 69 days (range, 3–349) and occurred in all except two patients. Only one episode of nonlife threatening bacterial culture‐positive urinary tract infection and pulmonary tuberculosis, both occurring in the same patient was documented. Results of Fischer's exact test revealed that age, stage, LDH level, ECOG, marrow involvement, and hematologic parameters did not predict for LON development. WHO grade 3/4 LON is not infrequent in patients with DLBCL receiving RCHOP. Even so, it is reassuring that LON is self‐limiting and unassociated with life‐threatening infection. A watchful waiting approach is appropriate in majority of patients who develop LON following RCHOP. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sustained effects of nonallele‐specific Huntingtin silencing
Authors: Drouet Valérie , Perrin Valérie , Hassig Raymonde , Dufour Noëlle , Auregan Gwennaelle , Alves Sandro , Bonvento Gilles , Brouillet Emmanuel , Luthi‐Carter Ruth , Hantraye Philippe , Déglon Nicole 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveHuntington's disease (HD) is a fatal autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin (htt) protein. No cure is available to date to alleviate neurodegeneration. Recent studies have demonstrated that RNA interference represents a promising approach for the treatment of autosomal dominant disorders. But whether an allele‐specific silencing of mutant htt or a nonallele‐specific silencing should be considered has not been addressed.MethodsWe developed small hairpin RNA targeting mutant or wild‐type htt transcripts, or both.ResultsWe confirmed the therapeutic potential of sihtt administered with lentiviral vectors in rodent models of HD and showed that initiation of small interfering RNA treatment after the onset of HD symptoms is still efficacious and reduces the HD‐like pathology. We then addressed the question of the impact of nonallele‐specific silencing and demonstrated that silencing of endogenous htt to 25 to 35% in vivo is altering several pathways associated with known htt functions but is not inducing overt toxicity or increasing striatal vulnerability up to 9 months after treatment.InterpretationThese data indicate that the coincident silencing of the wild‐type and mutant htt may be considered as a therapeutic tool for HD. Ann Neurol 2009;65:276–285
Promotion of central nervous system remyelination by induced differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells
Authors: Mi Sha , Miller Robert H. , Tang Wei , Lee Xinhua , Hu Bing , Wu Wutain , Zhang Yiping , Shields Christopher B. , Zhang Yongjie , Miklasz Steven , Shea Diana , Mason Jeff , Franklin Robin J. M. , Ji Benxiu , Shao Zhaohui , Chédotal Alain , Bernard Frederic , Roulois Aude , Xu Janfeng , Jung Vincent , Pepinsky Blake 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveRepair of demyelinated axons in diseases such as multiple sclerosis requires activation of the myelination program in existing or newly recruited oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The control of OPC differentiation and initiation of myelination during repair is poorly understood. In this study, we test the ability of anti–LINGO‐1 reagents to promote myelination in vitro and remyelination in the rodent adult central nervous system in vivo.MethodsThe effects of LINGO‐1 antagonists on the differentiation of OPCs and the promotion of myelination has been assayed using a combination of coculture and slice culture preparations. Using three different animal models of demyelination and remyelination, we morphologically and functionally assessed the effects of LINGO‐1 antagonists on OPC differentiation and myelin repair.ResultsThe data indicate that in vitro treatment with antagonists of LINGO‐1 promote OPC differentiation and myelination, whereas in vivo remyelination is accelerated in lysophosphatidylcholine‐ or cuprizone‐induced demyelination. This remyelination is associated with enhanced OPC differentiation and functional recovery of conduction velocities in demyelinated axons.InterpretationOur studies demonstrate that LINGO‐1 antagonism promotes OPC differentiation and remyelination, and suggest LINGO‐1 functions as an inhibitor of OPC differentiation to retard central nervous system remyelination. Ann Neurol 2009;65:304–315
Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in France and the United Kingdom: Evidence for the same agent strain
Authors: Brandel Jean‐Philippe , Heath Craig A. , Head Mark W. , Levavasseur Etienne , Knight Richard , Laplanche Jean‐Louis , Langeveld Jan PM. , Ironside James W. , Hauw Jean‐Jacques , Mackenzie Jan , Alpérovitch Annick , Will Robert G. , Haïk Stéphane 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveVariant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) was first reported in the United Kingdom in 1996. Since then, the majority of cases have been observed in the United Kingdom where there was a major epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. France was the second country affected. To address the hypothesis of the involvement of a common strain of agent, we have compared clinical, neuropathological, and biochemical data on vCJD patients from both countries.MethodsIn France and the United Kingdom, epidemiological and clinical data were obtained from analysis of medical records and direct interview of the family of the patients using the same standardized questionnaire in both countries. When brain material was available, we performed with similar methods a comparative study of brain lesions and PrPres glycoform ratios in both vCJD populations.ResultsClinical data, genetic background, neuropathological finding, and biochemical findings in the 185 patients observed in France (n = 23) and the United Kingdom (n = 162) were similar except for age at death. Currently, blood transfusion is a risk factor identified only in the United Kingdom.InterpretationThe close similarity between the cases of vCJD in France and the United Kingdom supports the hypothesis that a common strain of infectious agent is involved in both countries. The 5‐year delay in the peak that we observed in France compared with the United Kingdom fits well with the increase in the importation of beef products to France from the United Kingdom between 1985 and 1995. Ann Neurol 2009;65:249–256
Excitotoxicity‐induced endocytosis confers drug targeting in cerebral ischemia
Authors: Vaslin Anne , Puyal Julien , Clarke Peter G. H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTargeting neuroprotectants specifically to the cells that need them is a major goal in biomedical research. Many peptidic protectants contain an active sequence linked to a carrier such as the transactivator of transcription (TAT) transduction sequence, and here we test the hypothesis that TAT‐linked peptides are selectively endocytosed into neurons stressed by excitotoxicity and focal cerebral ischemia.MethodsIn vivo experiments involved intracerebroventricular injection of TAT peptides or conventional tracers (peroxidase, fluorescein isothiocyanate‐dextran) in young rats exposed to occlusion of the middle cerebral artery at postnatal day 12. Cellular mechanisms of uptake were analyzed in dissociated cortical neuronal cultures.ResultsIn both models, all tracers were taken up selectively into stressed neurons by endocytosis. In the in vivo model, this was neuron specific and limited to the ischemic area, where the neurons displayed enhanced immunolabeling for early endosomal antigen‐1 and clathrin. The highly efficient uptake of TAT peptides occurred by the same selective mechanism as for conventional tracers. All tracers were targeted to the nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons that appeared viable, although ultimately destined to die. In dissociated cortical neuronal cultures, an excitotoxic dose of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate induced a similar endocytosis. It was 100 times more efficient with TAT peptides than with dextran, because the former bound to heparan sulfate proteoglycans at the cell surface, but it depended on dynamin and clathrin in both cases.InterpretationExcitotoxicity‐induced endocytosis is the main entry route for protective TAT peptides and targets selectively the neurons that need to be protected. Ann Neurol 2009;65:337–347
A KCNQ channel opener for experimental neonatal seizures and status epilepticus
Authors: Raol YogendraSinh H. , Lapides David A. , Keating Jeffery G. , Brooks‐Kayal Amy R. , Cooper Edward C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveNeonatal seizures occur frequently, are often refractory to anticonvulsants, and are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Genetic and electrophysiological evidence indicates that KCNQ voltage‐gated potassium channels are critical regulators of neonatal brain excitability. This study tests the hypothesis that selective openers of KCNQ channels may be effective for treatment of neonatal seizures.MethodsWe induced seizures in postnatal day 10 rats with either kainic acid or flurothyl. We measured seizure activity using quantified behavioral rating and electrocorticography. We compared the efficacy of flupirtine, a selective KCNQ channel opener, with phenobarbital and diazepam, two drugs in current use for neonatal seizures.ResultsUnlike phenobarbital or diazepam, flupirtine prevented animals from experiencing development of status epilepticus when administered before kainate. In the flurothyl model, phenobarbital and diazepam increased latency to seizure onset, but flupirtine completely prevented seizures throughout the experiment. Flupirtine was also effective in arresting electrographic and behavioral seizures when administered after animals had developed continuous kainate‐induced status epilepticus. Flupirtine caused dose‐related sedation and suppressed electroencephalographic activity but did not result in respiratory suppression or result in any mortality.InterpretationFlupirtine appears more effective than either of two commonly used antiepileptic drugs, phenobarbital and diazepam, in preventing and suppressing seizures in both the kainic acid and flurothyl models of symptomatic neonatal seizures. KCNQ channel openers merit further study as potential treatments for seizures in infants and children. Ann Neurol 2009;65:326–336
Boratome als Spinträger in zwei‐ und dreidimensionalen Systemen
Authors: Kaim Wolfgang , Hosmane Narayan S. , Záliš Stanislav , Maguire John A. , Lipscomb William N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDie ungewöhnliche Bindung von Bor in Organoboranen oder Oligoborclustern tritt nicht nur in diamagnetischen Molekülen auf, sondern auch in paramagnetischen Systemen, die gemischtvalente Verbindungen und Oligoboran/Carboran‐Clusterradikale umfassen. Das Bild zeigt das einfach besetzte Molekülorbital des Radikalions [C4B8R4H8].− gemäß DFT‐Rechnungen.magnified imageParamagnetische Verbindungen mit mindestens teilweise borzentriertem Elektronenspin lassen sich herstellen, indem entweder durch planare, π‐konjugierte organische Systeme verbrückte Boratome als idealtypische Elektronenakzeptoren verwendet werden oder indem die dreidimensionale, delokalisierte Bindung in mehrkernigen Boranen, Halogenboranen oder Carboranclustern genutzt wird. Das Konzept der Gemischtvalenz kann so von organischen und Übergangsmetallverbindungen auf Verbindungen der Hauptgruppenelemente übertragen werden. Mithilfe der Dichtefunktionaltheorie lässt sich die sehr variable Spinverteilung nachvollziehen.
Schooling Behavior of Light‐Powered Autonomous Micromotors in Water
Authors: Ibele Michael , Mallouk Thomas E. , Sen Ayusman 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGrüppchenbildung: Silberchlorid‐Mikropartikel (rot) bewegen sich in Wasser unter UV‐Bestrahlung durch Diffusiophorese. Jedes AgCl‐Partikel gibt Ionen ab, auf die die anderen Partikel reagieren und sich zu Bereichen mit höherer Partikelkonzentration gruppieren. Photochemisch inaktive Siliciumdioxid‐Partikel (blau) werden durch die Ionenabgabe dazu stimuliert, sich den AgCl‐Partikeln anzunähern und diese zu umgeben.magnified image
Tetraazuliporphyrin Tetracation
Authors: Sprutta Natasza , Maćkowiak Stanisław , Kocik Marzena , Szterenberg Ludmiła , Lis Tadeusz , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAm Scheideweg: Ein einzigartiges kohlenstoffüberbrücktes Annulenmotiv – das Dehydroquatyrin – ist Teil der Molekülstruktur des Tetraazuliporphyrintetrakations (siehe Bild). Der Makrocyclus, der sich an der Schnittstelle zwischen Annulen‐, Carbokationen‐ und Porphyrinchemie befindet, wird durch Kondensation von Azulen mit Arylaldehyden und nachfolgende Oxidation erhalten. Die meso‐Positionen des Tetrakations können durch Anionen oder Nucleophile angegriffen werden.magnified image
Practical Microwave Synthesis for Organic Chemists.Strategies, Instruments, and Protocols. Herausgegeben von C. Oliver Kappe, Doris Dallinger und Shaun Murphree.
Authors: Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWiley‐VCH, Weinheim 2008. 300 S., geb., 59.00 €.—ISBN 978‐3527320974magnified image
Iron‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of Tertiary Silanes
Authors: Itazaki Masumi , Ueda Kensuke , Nakazawa Hiroshi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA variety of tertiary silanes, even those with functional substituents, undergo an unprecedented iron‐catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling (see scheme) in a convenient approach to disilanes, including unsymmetrical disilanes and polymers with SiSi bonds in the backbone. Consideration of the catalytic reaction pathway revealed the intermediacy of a hydrido(disilyl)iron(IV) complex.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Direct C Arylation of Heterocycles with Aryl Bromides: Discovery of Fluorescent Core Frameworks
Authors: Zhao Dongbing , Wang Wenhai , Yang Fei , Lan Jingbo , Yang Li , Gao Ge , You Jingsong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA window of opportunity: A general copper‐catalyzed CH bond‐activation path allows arylation of heterocycles with a wide range of aryl bromides (see scheme). The reaction shows excellent regioselectivity and exhibits good functional group tolerance. The 8‐aryl xanthines exhibit fluorescence in a variety of solvents and show promise as reagents for biological imaging.magnified image
Complementary use of natural and artificial wetlands by waterbirds wintering in Doñana, south‐west Spain
Authors: Kloskowski Janusz , Green Andy J. , Polak Marcin , Bustamante Javier , Krogulec Jarosław 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The Doñana wetland complex (SW Spain) holds more wintering waterfowl than any other wetland in Europe.
This study focused on the use made by 12 common waterbirds (eight ducks and four waders) of the natural seasonal marshes in Doñana National Park (DNP) and the adjacent Veta la Palma (VLP) fish ponds created in the early 1990s. Data used were from aerial and terrestrial surveys collected between October and February during six consecutive winters from 1998/99 to 2003/04. Changes in distribution of each bird taxon were related to changes in the extent of flooded marshes within DNP. Up to 295 000 ducks were counted in VLP during dry periods, and up to 770 000 in DNP when it was flooded.
The timing and extent of flooding in DNP was highly variable, but there was a consistent pattern in which ducks concentrated in VLP during dry months and winters but redistributed to DNP as more of it was flooded. This refuge effect was also strong for black‐tailed godwits Limosa limosa, but much less so for other waders. Waders feed mainly on invertebrates, and invertebrate biomass in VLP was found to be higher than in DNP. Ducks feed mainly on seeds and plant material, which are more abundant in DNP when flooded.
When water levels in DNP were stable over the course of a winter, or controlled for in multivariate models, the numbers of ducks at VLP declined over time, probably due to reduced availability of plant foods. In contrast, numbers of waders at VLP were more stable, and their invertebrate prey became more abundant over time, at least in the winter 2003/4.
In this extremely important wetland complex, the value of natural and artificial wetlands for wintering waterbirds are complementary, providing suitable habitat for different species and for different conditions in a highly variable Mediterranean environment.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward a valid definition of gout flare: Results of consensus exercises using delphi methodology and cognitive mapping
Authors: Taylor W. J. , Shewchuk R. , Saag K. G. , Schumacher H. R. , Singh J. A. , Grainger R. , Edwards N. L. , Bardin T. , Waltrip R. W. , Simon L. S. , Burgos‐Vargas R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo identify, in people known to have gout, the testable, key components of a standard definition of gout flare for use in clinical research.MethodsConsensus methodology was used to identify key elements of a gout flare. Two Delphi exercises were conducted among different groups of rheumatologists. A cognitive mapping technique among 9 gout experts with hierarchical cluster analysis provided a framework to guide the panel discussion, which identified the final set of items that should be tested empirically.ResultsFrom the Delphi exercises, 21 items were presented to the expert panel. Cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling showed that these items clustered into 5 concepts (joint inflammation, severity of symptoms, stereotypical nature, pain, and gout archetype) distributed along 2 dimensions (objective to subjective features and general features to specific features of gout). Using this analysis, expert panel discussion generated a short list of potential features: joint swelling, joint tenderness, joint warmth, severity of pain, patient global assessment, time to maximum pain, time to complete resolution of pain, an acute‐phase marker, and functional impact of the episode.ConclusionA short list of features has been identified and now requires validation against a patient‐ and physician‐defined gout flare in order to determine the best combination of features.
The association of quadriceps strength with the knee adduction moment in medial knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Lim Boon‐Whatt , Kemp Georgina , Metcalf Ben , Wrigley Tim V. , Bennell Kim L. , Crossley Kay M. , Hinman Rana S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between quadriceps strength and the peak knee adduction moment during walking in medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (OA), and whether varus malalignment influences this relationship.MethodsMaximum isometric quadriceps strength at 60° flexion relative to body mass and the peak knee adduction moment during walking were assessed in 184 community volunteers with medial knee OA. Mechanical knee alignment was determined either directly from full‐leg radiograph or extrapolated from anatomic alignment on knee radiograph using regression equations. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the association between quadriceps strength and peak knee adduction moment. The independent relationship between quadriceps strength and peak knee adduction moment, and the impact of varus malalignment on this relationship, was assessed using multiple regression analyses with and without adjustment for covariates.ResultsQuadriceps strength was not significantly associated with peak knee adduction moment (r = 0.14, P = 0.059). Neither quadriceps strength (b = 0.25, P = 0.142) nor the interaction between quadriceps strength and varus malalignment (b = −0.01, P = 0.693) significantly contributed to the variance in peak knee adduction moment. Results were unchanged with the inclusion of covariates.ConclusionNo significant association was observed between quadriceps strength and the peak knee adduction moment, and the severity of varus malalignment did not influence the relationship. Results suggest that clinicians should not be concerned that patients with knee OA and stronger quadriceps are more likely to demonstrate a higher knee adduction moment.
A retrospective seven‐year analysis of the use of B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus at university college london hospital: The first fifty patients
Authors: Lu Tim Y.‐T. , Ng Kristine P. , Cambridge Geraldine , Leandro Maria J. , Edwards Jonathan C. W. , Ehrenstein Michael , Isenberg David A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the 6‐month clinical outcome and the long‐term safety profile of B cell depletion therapy (BCDT) in 50 patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), who were nonresponsive or poorly responsive to conventional immunosuppression.MethodsAll except 4 of 50 patients with active SLE received 1 gm of rituximab, 750 mg of cyclophosphamide, and 100–250 mg of methylprednisolone, administered on 2 occasions 2 weeks apart, to achieve B cell depletion. Clinical outcome was assessed using the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) activity index and serial serologic measurements of disease activity. Remission was defined as a change from a BILAG A or B score to a C or D score in every organ system. Partial remission was a change from a BILAG A or B score to a C or D score in at least 1 system, but with the persistence of 1 score of A or B in another system. No improvement was defined as a BILAG A or B score that remained unchanged after treatment.ResultsOf the 45 patients available for followup at 6 months, 19 patients (42%) achieved remission, and 21 patients (47%) reached partial remission after 1 cycle of BCDT (mean followup 39.6 months). BCDT resulted in a decrease in median global BILAG scores from 12 to 5 (P < 0.0001) and median anti–double‐stranded DNA antibody titers from 106 to 42 IU/ml (P < 0.0001), and an increase in the median C3 level from 0.81 to 0.95 mg/liter (P < 0.02) at 6 months. Five serious adverse events were observed.ConclusionBCDT is an effective treatment for patients with active SLE whose disease has failed to respond to standard immunosuppressive therapy. Although the safety profile of BCDT is favorable, ongoing monitoring is required.