bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further evidence for linkage of bipolar disorder to chromosomes 6 and 17 in a new independent pedigree series
Authors: Greenwood Tiffany A , Nievergelt Caroline M , Sadovnick A Dessa , Remick Ronald A , Keck Paul E , McElroy Susan L , Shekhtman Tatyana , McKinney Rebecca , Kelsoe John R 
Published: February 2012

Greenwood TA, Nievergelt CM, Sadovnick AD, Remick RA, Keck PE Jr, McElroy SL, Shekhtman T, McKinney R, Kelsoe JR. Further evidence for linkage of bipolar disorder to chromosomes 6 and 17 in a new independent pedigree series. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 71–79. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  We have previously reported the results of a linkage analysis of bipolar disorder in an initial set of 20 pedigrees ascertained through collaboration among three sites. We now report the results of our genome‐wide linkage analysis in an independent sample of 34 pedigrees segregating bipolar disorder.Methods:  Families were ascertained through a bipolar I or II disorder proband for the presence of bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, or recurrent major depression in at least two other family members. A total of 440 markers at an average spacing of 8 cM were genotyped in 229 family members using fluorescent methods.Results:  Initial nonparametric analyses of chromosomes 6 and 17 provided evidence for a modest replication of linkage to these chromosomes previously reported in other studies. Additional analyses using multipoint parametric methods provided further evidence to support the 6q25 region with a heterogeneity logarithm of odds score of 3.28. Evidence from two‐point parametric analyses also provides a modest replication of our previous findings of linkage to the 23 cM region of chromosome 22q13 in our original University of California, San Diego sample of 20 families and 57 families from the National Institute of Mental Health bipolar disorder sample.Conclusions:  Our results suggest replication of some reported linkage peaks, such as 6q25 and 17p12; however, other peaks from our own previous study, such as 5p15, 13q32, and 22q13, were either not replicated or were only modestly replicated in these analyses.
Pollen‐specific immunoglobulin E positivity is associated with worsening of depression scores in bipolar disorder patients during high pollen season
Authors: Manalai Partam , Hamilton Robert G , Langenberg Patricia , Kosisky Susan E , Lapidus Manana , Sleemi Aamar , Scrandis Debra , Cabassa Johanna A , Rogers Christine A , Regenold William T , Dickerson Faith , Vittone Bernard J , Guzman Alvaro , Balis Theodora , Tonelli Leonardo H , Postolache Teodor T 
Published: February 2012

Manalai P, Hamilton RG, Langenberg P, Kosisky SE, Lapidus M, Sleemi A, Scrandis D, Cabassa JA, Rogers CA, Regenold WT, Dickerson F, Vittone BJ, Guzman A, Balis T, Tonelli LH, Postolache TT. Pollen‐specific immunoglobulin E positivity is associated with worsening of depression scores in bipolar disorder patients during high pollen season. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 90–98. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  An association between allergic disease and depression has been consistently reported, but whether the key mediating ingredients are predominantly biological, psychological, or mere artifacts remains unknown. In the current study, we examined a hypothesized relationship between allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) status and changes in allergy symptoms with worsening in depression scores.Methods:  In patients with recurrent mood disorders, we individually coupled sensitization to specific seasonal aeroallergens (as assessed by allergen‐specific IgE) with temporal windows of exposure to aeroallergens (low versus high tree or ragweed pollen counts, measured according to the National Allergy Bureau guidelines). We compared Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale–Seasonal Affective Disorder Version (SIGH‐SAD) depression score changes in 41 patients with mood disorders [25 with major depression and 16 with bipolar I disorder, diagnosed by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID)] seropositive for tree or ragweed pollen‐specific IgE antibody versus 53 patients with mood disorders (30 with major depression and 23 with bipolar I disorder) seronegative for aeroallergen‐specific IgE.Results:  Worsening in total depressive scores from low to high pollen exposure was greater in allergen‐specific IgE‐positive patients as compared to allergen‐specific IgE antibody‐negative patients (p = 0.01). When stratified by polarity, the association was significant only in patients with bipolar I disorder (p = 0.004). This relationship was resilient to adjustment for changes in allergy symptom scores.Conclusion:  To our knowledge, this is the first report of coupling a molecular marker of vulnerability (allergen‐specific IgE) with a specific environmental trigger (airborne allergens) leading to exacerbation of depression in patients with bipolar I disorder.
Relationship between suicidality and impulsivity in bipolar I disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Mahon Katie , Burdick Katherine E , Wu Jinghui , Ardekani Babak A , Szeszko Philip R 
Published: February 2012

Mahon K, Burdick KE, Wu J, Ardekani BA, Szeszko PR. Relationship between suicidality and impulsivity in bipolar I disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 80–89. © 2012 The Authors.  Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Background:  Impulsivity is characteristic of individuals with bipolar disorder and may be a contributing factor to the high rate of suicide in patients with this disorder. Although white matter abnormalities have been implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, their relationship to impulsivity and suicidality in this disorder has not been well‐investigated.Methods:  Diffusion tensor imaging scans were acquired in 14 bipolar disorder patients with a prior suicide attempt, 15 bipolar disorder patients with no prior suicide attempt, and 15 healthy volunteers. Bipolar disorder patients received clinical assessments including measures of impulsivity, depression, mania, and anxiety. Images were processed using the Tract‐Based Spatial Statistics method in the FSL software package.Results:  Bipolar disorder patients with a prior suicide attempt had lower fractional anisotropy (FA) within the left orbital frontal white matter (p < 0.05, corrected) and higher overall impulsivity compared to patients without a previous suicide attempt. Among patients with a prior suicide attempt, FA in the orbital frontal white matter region correlated inversely with motor impulsivity.Conclusions:  Abnormal orbital frontal white matter may play a role in impulsive and suicidal behavior among patients with bipolar disorder.
Olfactory acuity is associated with mood and function in a pilot study of stable bipolar disorder patients
Authors: Hardy Caitlin , Rosedale Mary , Messinger Julie W , Kleinhaus Karine , Aujero Nicole , Silva Hanna , Goetz Raymond R , Goetz Deborah , Harkavy‐Friedman Jill , Malaspina Dolores 
Published: February 2012

Hardy C, Rosedale M, Messinger JW, Kleinhaus K, Aujero N, Silva H, Goetz RR, Goetz D, Harkavy‐Friedman J, Malaspina D. Olfactory acuity is associated with mood and function in a pilot study of stable bipolar disorder patients.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 109–117. © 2012 The Authors.  Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Olfactory dysfunction is described in several neuropsychiatric disorders but there is little research on olfactory processing in bipolar disorder.Methods:  We assessed odor detection threshold (sensitivity) and smell identification test scores, along with symptoms, cognition, and social function in 20 DSM‐IV bipolar disorder patients and 44 control subjects.Results:  The patient and control groups had similar demographic measures, intelligence, and mean olfaction scores, but significantly differed in social domains, including adjustment, function, and anxiety. Odor detection sensitivity showed significantly opposite correlations for the depressive and manic mood domains in bipolar disorder (r to z = 2.83, p = 0.005). Depressive symptoms were related to increased sensitivity (the ability to detect odors at a lower concentration) and mania symptoms were related to decreased sensitivity for odor detection. Increased sensitivity for odor detection also predicted significantly better employment (r = −0.642, p = 0.024), whereas less sensitivity was associated with social avoidance (r = 0.702, p = 0.024) and social fear (r = 0.610, p = 0.046).Conclusions:  Diminished odor detection sensitivity predicted mania and social avoidance, whereas more sensitive odor detection predicted more depressive symptoms but better employment functioning in bipolar disorder patients. Odor acuity may be an illness state marker of mood syndromes in bipolar disorder. Alternatively, differences in odor acuity may identify heterogeneous subgroups within the bipolar spectrum. Longitudinal assessments in a large, sex‐stratified sample are needed to understand the implications of odor sensitivity in patients with bipolar disorder.
Predator Detection is Limited in Microhabitats with High Light Intensity: An Experiment with Brown‐Headed Cowbirds
Authors: Fernández‐Juricic Esteban , Deisher Marcella , Stark Amy C. , Randolet Jacquelyn 
Published: February 2012

AbstractVariations in ambient light conditions across different microhabitats can modify the detectability of predators and prey. Prey have been shown to be more visible in sunlit than in shaded patches, leading to higher predation risk and more investment in vigilance (predation risk hypothesis). Additionally, prey have been hypothesized to take longer to detect predators in sunlit compared to shaded patches because of the excess of sunlight causing glare effects (disability glare hypothesis). We tested the predictions of these two non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses in a seminatural experiment with brown‐headed cowbirds by measuring vigilance behavior and detection of a ground predator in patches under the shade of vegetation and in the open. Light intensity and achromatic contrast were higher in the sunlit patches, which could enhance glare effects, but chromatic contrast was higher in the shaded patches. Brown‐headed cowbirds took longer to show alert reactions to and flee from a ground predator in sunlit compared to shaded patches. However, the two parameters associated with perceived predation risk (vigilance prior to the predator exposure and time to resume foraging after the attack) did not differ between sunlit and shaded patches. Our findings support to a greater extent the disability glare hypothesis than the predation risk hypothesis. Overall, ambient light conditions can affect two critical components of behavioral predator–prey interactions in terrestrial habitats: detection of and escape from predators. The effects of disability glare are expected to be more pronounced in bird species with wider visual fields or without sun‐shading structures; however, species may compensate through various behaviors (e.g. avoidance of sunlit patches and changes in head orientation).
A Behavioral Biology for the Future
Authors: Burghardt Gordon M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSome comments are appended to Patrick Bateson’s reflections on the future of behavioral biology that were triggered by remembering the contributions of Günter Tembrock to ethology. While the suggestions made are valid and insightful, a few specific areas where exciting research possibilities may reside are added including those involving communication and language, culture and ritual, brain imaging, genetics, animal tracking, and aesthetics. The need for the historical grounding of graduate education in behavior studies is also emphasized as an important possible factor if the future will effectively fulfill its mission and recognize its legacy.
Effect of gastric acid suppression with pantoprazole on the efficacy of sevelamer hydrochloride as a phosphate binder in haemodialysis patients: A pilot study
Authors: LAI BERYL , CERVELLI MATTHEW J 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTSevelamer hydrochloride (HCL) is thought to require an appropriately acidic environment in order to bind gastrointestinal phosphate. Changes in gastric acidity with acid suppressants may therefore alter the efficacy of sevelamer HCL. Given the widespread use of acid suppression therapy in chronic kidney disease patients, there is potential for a common significant drug interaction to occur. This pilot study evaluated the in vivo effect of gastric acid suppression with pantoprazole on the efficacy of sevelamer HCL as a phosphate binder in maintenance haemodialysis patients. The study protocol was a cross‐over, double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial in 10 haemodialysis patients randomly assigned to pantoprazole 40 mg daily or placebo for two consecutive 6‐week periods. Serum phosphate was not significantly altered during pantoprazole compared with placebo treatment (1.61 ± 0.45 mmol/L vs 1.76 ± 0.42 mmol/L, P = 0.204). There were no differences in serum calcium, parathyroid hormone and bicarbonate. This pilot study demonstrates preliminary in vivo evidence for no effect of gastric acid suppression on the effectiveness of sevelamer HCL. Our results are limited by small sample size and therefore, larger experimental studies should be conducted. Although our study did not find a significant drug interaction, given the high prevalence of acid suppressant use in dialysis patients, physicians should be aware of the potential influence of acid suppression on the efficacy of phosphate binders and regularly assess the clinical need for acid suppression therapy.
Polypharmacy – we make it worse! A cross‐sectional study from an acute admissions unit
Authors: Betteridge T. M. , Frampton C. M. , Jardine D. L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAlthough polypharmacy is a major problem in the elderly, very few data have been published from Australasia. We retrospectively audited 68% of elderly patients admitted acutely to our medical unit (n= 424, mean age 80.3 ± 8 years) during a 30‐day period (September, 2008). We found that long‐term medications increased during hospital stay from 6.6 ± 4 to 7.7 ± 4 (P < 0.001). Adverse drug reactions were responsible for 24 admissions (5.7%). Polypharmacy is made worse by acute admission to hospital.
Advanced extragonadal yolk sac tumor serially followed up with 18F‐fluorodexyglucose‐positoron emission tomography and computerized tomography and serum alpha‐fetoprotein
Authors: Baba Tsukasa , Su Saori , Umeoka Shigeaki , Abiko Kaoru , Nakamoto Yuji , Mandai Masaki , Matsumura Noriomi , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAlthough yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are the second most common malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary, those arising from the omentum or pelvic peritoneum are extremely rare and have no established treatment guidelines. We report a case of a primary YST disseminated throughout the abdomen and associated with a high serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) elevation (441 611 ng/ml). Optimal cytoreduction was not achieved in order to preserve the patient's fertility and avoid adjacent organ injury. Residual tumor responded to adjuvant chemotherapy with a sharp decline in AFP levels, and confirmed remission was documented by serial 18F‐fluorodexyglucose‐positoron emission tomography and computerized tomography (FDG‐PET/CT). In cases of advanced YST with unresectable residual disease, AFP levels combined with FDG‐PET/CT scans may be a helpful way to monitor treatment response and assist in treatment planning for a disease that primarily affects young women who may desire to preserve fertility.
Measurement of the fetal isovolumetric contraction time in the fetus with a left ventricular aneurysm
Authors: Fujita Yasuyuki , Hidaka Nobuhiro , Yumoto Yasuo , Morihana Eiji , Fukushima Kotaro , Wake Norio 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe present a case of an antenatally diagnosed congenital aneurysm of the left ventricle in which fetal cardiac contractility was evaluated by measuring the fetal isovolumetric contraction time (ICT). The workup of the fetus at 26 weeks' gestation led to the identification of a left ventricle aneurysm. Initially, the value of ICT of the left ventricle indicated adequate cardiac function. However, the fetal ICT was gradually prolonged, suspecting deteriorated cardiac contractility. Following an uncomplicated term delivery, a postnatal echocardiogram showed normal cardiac function. It is considered that because of the hypokinesis of the wall of the left ventricular aneurysm, the ICT did not fully predict cardiac function in this setting.
Cyanobacterial construction of hot spring siliceous stromatolites in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Pepe‐Ranney Charles , Berelson William M. , Corsetti Frank A. , Treants Merika , Spear John R. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryLiving stromatolites growing in a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park are composed of silica‐encrusted cyanobacterial mats. Two cyanobacterial mat types grow on the stromatolite surfaces and are preserved as two distinct lithofacies. One mat is present when the stromatolites are submerged or at the water–atmosphere interface and the other when stromatolites protrude from the hot spring. The lithofacies created by the encrustation of submerged mats constitutes the bulk of the stromatolites, is comprised of silica‐encrusted filaments, and is distinctly laminated. To better understand the cyanobacterial membership and community structure differences between the mats, we collected mat samples from each type. Molecular methods revealed that submerged mat cyanobacteria were predominantly one novel phylotype while the exposed mats were predominantly heterocystous phylotypes (Chlorogloeopsis HTF and Fischerella). The cyanobacterium dominating the submerged mat type does not belong in any of the subphylum groups of cyanobacteria recognized by the Ribosomal Database Project and has also been found in association with travertine stromatolites in a Southwest Japan hot spring. Cyanobacterial membership profiles indicate that the heterocystous phylotypes are ‘rare biosphere’ members of the submerged mats. The heterocystous phylotypes likely emerge when the water level of the hot spring drops. Environmental pressures tied to water level such as sulfide exposure and possibly oxygen tension may inhibit the heterocystous types in submerged mats. These living stromatolites are finely laminated and therefore, in texture, may better represent similarly laminated ancient forms compared with more coarsely laminated living marine examples.
A third mode of surface‐associated growth: immobilization of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium modulates the RpoS‐directed transcriptional programme
Authors: Knudsen Gitte M. , Nielsen Maj‐Britt , Grassby Terri , Danino‐Appleton Vittoria , Thomsen Line E. , Colquhoun Ian J. , Brocklehurst Tim F. , Olsen John E. , Hinton Jay C. D. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryAlthough the growth of bacteria has been studied for more than a century, it is only in recent decades that surface‐associated growth has received attention. In addition to the well‐characterized biofilm and swarming lifestyles, bacteria can also develop as micro‐colonies supported by structured environments in both food products and the GI tract. This immobilized mode of growth has not been widely studied. To develop our understanding of the effects of immobilization upon a food‐borne bacterial pathogen, we used the IFR Gel Cassette model. The transcriptional programme and metabolomic profile of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ST4/74 were compared during planktonic and immobilized growth, and a number of immobilization‐specific characteristics were identified. Immobilized S. Typhimurium did not express motility and chemotaxis genes, and electron microscopy revealed the absence of flagella. The expression of RpoS‐dependent genes and the level of RpoS protein were increased in immobilized bacteria, compared with planktonic growth. Immobilized growth prevented the induction of SPI1, SPI4 and SPI5 gene expression, likely mediated by the FliZ transcriptional regulator. Using an epithelial cell‐based assay, we showed that immobilized S. Typhimurium was significantly less invasive than planktonic bacteria, and we suggest that S. Typhimurium grown in immobilized environments are less virulent than planktonic bacteria. Our findings identify immobilization as a third type of surface‐associated growth that is distinct from the biofilm and swarming lifestyles of Salmonella.
The island biogeography of languages
Authors: Gavin Michael C. , Sibanda Nokuthaba 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAim To examine the degree to which area, isolation, environmental conditions and time since first settlement explain variation in language richness among islands.Location Pacific islands ranging east–west from Rapa Nui to Indonesia and north–south from Hawaii to New Zealand.Methods We constructed a dataset of 264 Pacific islands that support 1640 languages (c. 24% of the world's languages). We examined possible predictors of language richness using three different types of models: linear regression models, linear mixed models that included random effects for language phylogeny and simultaneous autoregressive models. We tested whether the following variables, alone or in combination, predict language richness: island area and isolation, climate (rainfall, temperature), mean growing season, soil fertility, habitat heterogeneity (elevation, number of ecoregions), time since first human settlement.Results We identified two optimal models (delta Akaike information criterion < 2). One (R2= 0.52) included area, with 86% of remaining variation accounted for by random effects for phylogeny. The other (R2= 0.56) included a spatial component, area and a suite of other variables (of which isolation and settlement scale were significant). Of the hypotheses tested (mean growing season, ecological risk, habitat heterogeneity, climate, time since settlement, area–isolation theory), area–isolation performed best, alone explaining 44% of variation in language richness.Main conclusions Language diversity relates strongly to island area, and, after controlling for area, with variables linked to isolation (e.g. distance to continent, time since settlement). The influence of environmental productivity may be scale and context dependent. Although environmental productivity may shape language diversity patterns at a global scale, it plays little role on Pacific islands. Approximately half the variance in language richness remains unexplained. Unlike other taxa, for which area, isolation and environmental conditions explain up to 90% of variation in richness, human diversity patterns appear to also be influenced by other variables (e.g. economic, political and social factors).