bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative summation graphs are a useful tool for monitoring positive surgical margin rates in robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Williams Andrew K. , Chalasani Venu , Martínez Carlos H. , Osbourne Erica , Stitt Larry , Izawa Jonathan I. , Pautler Stephen E. 
Published: September 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)  Level of Evidence 4What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Whilst the technique of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy has rapidly been adopted by surgeons there is little information on techniques used for quality control when a surgeon is learning this new surgical technique. Cummulative summation graphs have been used in cardiothoracic surgery to monitor complications with good effect and have been shown to be useful in monitoring outcomes from cystectomy.We demonstrate that using the technique of cumulative summation graphs a surgeon can monitor their progress prospectively through a learning curve without having to wait to perform a retrospective analysis. This study demonstrates that margin positive rates in radical prostatectomy can be monitored in real time and adjustments in technique applied to allow a surgeon to continually monitor and improve their surgical results.OBJECTIVE• To explore the usefulness of cumulative summation (CUSUM) graphs for monitoring positive surgical margin (PSM) rates during a surgeon’s transition from open to robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).PATIENTS AND METHODS• Data were prospectively collected from patients undergoing RARP by a single surgeon.• Preoperatively all patients were either low or moderate risk under the D’Amico classification system.• A CUSUM graph was charted retrospectively to analyse the PSM rate in patients undergoing RARP for pathological stage T2 (pT2) disease.• Acceptable and unacceptable PSM rates were set at 10% and 15% respectively.RESULTS• From a cohort of 226 patients, 158 patients with pT2 disease were selected. The mean (range) age of these patients was 59.2 (39–73) years, the median (range) Gleason score was 6 (4–9), the mean (range) PSA was 6.43 (0.52–17.5) ng/mL and the mean (range) prostate volume was 44 (18–120) cm3. In all, 21 patients had PSMs (13%).• CUSUM graphs were produced and clearly demonstrated the change in PSM rate over time.CONCLUSION• CUSUM graphs are a novel and useful visual representation of the learning curve for surgeons.• PSM rates in patients with pT2 disease are a good outcome to monitor using CUSUM graphs as they are binary and lack the confounding factors associated with other outcomes such as continence and erectile dysfunction.• We advocate the use of CUSUM graphs as a method of quality assurance with the introduction of a robotics programme.
The role of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of cation‐selective channels in the management of the overactive bladder
Authors: Andersson Karl‐Erik , Gratzke Christian , Hedlund Petter 
Published: September 2010

• The pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), detrusor overactivity (DO), and the overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome is multifactorial and remains poorly understood.• The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily has been shown to be involved in nociception and mechanosensory transduction in various organ systems, and studies of the LUT have indicated that several TRP channels, including TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, TRPM8, and TRPA1, are expressed in the bladder, and may act as sensors of stretch and/or chemical irritation.• However, the roles of these individual channels for normal LUT function and in LUTS/DO/OAB, have not been established.• TRPV1 is the channel best investigated. It is widely distributed in LUT structures, but despite extensive information on morphology and function in animal models, the role of this channel in normal human bladder function is still controversial. Conversely, its role in the pathophysiology and treatment of particularly neurogenic DO is well established.• TRPV1 is co‐expressed with TRPA1, and TRPA1 is known to be present on capsaicin‐sensitive primary sensory neurones. Activation of this channel can induce DO in animal models.• TRPV4 is a Ca2+‐permeable stretch‐activated cation channel, involved in stretch‐induced ATP release, and TRPV4‐deficient mice exhibit abnormal frequencies of voiding and non‐voiding contractions in cystometric experiments.• TRPM8 is a cool receptor expressed in the urothelium and suburothelial sensory fibres. It has been implicated in the bladder‐cooling reflex and in idiopathic DO.• The occurrence of other members of the TRP superfamily in the LUT has been reported, but information on their effects on LUT functions is scarce. There seem to be several links between activation of different members of the TRP superfamily and LUTS/DO/OAB, and further exploration of the involvement of these channels in LUT function, normally and in dysfunction, may be rewarding.
‘The Perfect Business’: Human Trafficking and Lao–Thai Cross‐Border Migration
Authors: Molland Sverre 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTOver the past few years some governments and development organizations have increasingly articulated cross‐border mobility as ‘trafficking in persons’. The notion of a market where traffickers prey on the ‘supply’ of migrants that flows across international borders to meet the ‘demand’ for labour has become a central trope among anti‐trafficking development organizations. This article problematizes such economism by drawing attention to the oscillating cross‐border migration of Lao sex workers within a border zone between Laos and Thailand. It illuminates the incongruity between the recruitment of women into the sex industry along the Lao–Thai border and the market models that are employed by the anti‐trafficking sector. It discusses the ways in which these cross‐border markets are conceived in a context where aid programming is taking on an increasingly important role in the politics of borders. The author concludes that allusions to ideal forms of knowledge (in the guise of classic economic theory) and an emphasis on borders become necessary for anti‐trafficking programmes in order to make their object of intervention legible as well as providing post‐hoc rationalizations for their continuing operation.
RESIDENT PERCEPTIONS OF FLAGSHIP WATERFRONT REGENERATION: THE CASE OF THE KOP VAN ZUID IN ROTTERDAM
Authors: DOUCET BRIAN , VAN KEMPEN RONALD , VAN WEESEP JAN 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTFlagships, also referred to as megaprojects, and frequently involving waterfront regeneration, are a common form of urban redevelopment. Their goals are often aimed at an outside audience of tourists, investors and potential (high income) residents. While the target may be external, the ways in which these spaces are perceived by the local population is an important, and, as yet, under‐researched, area. Many scholars suggest that flagships have a negative impact on cities, but their research stops short of asking local residents what they think themselves. This paper attempts to redress this imbalance in the literature by analysing a survey of residents' perceptions towards the Kop van Zuid in Rotterdam, a large waterfront regeneration project. The survey included residents in different neighbourhoods across the city to determine the roles played by spatial proximity, and socio‐economic and demographic variables. Responses were more positive than expected, particularly among poorer residents in the vicinity of the flagship. We argue this has to do with the quality of life enhancements which the Kop van Zuid has brought. This can offer some insightful lessons when regenerating brownfield sites in the future.
ALTERNATIVE AGRI‐FOOD GEOGRAPHIES? GEOGRAPHIC INDICATIONS IN GREECE
Authors: KIZOS THANASIS , VAKOUFARIS HRISTOS 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe discussion about alternative agri‐food products has led some researchers to proclaim the emergence of alternative agri‐food geographies. This paper focuses on the geography of certified geographical indications in Greece. We focus on a number of key characteristics of the products (e.g. area of production, production in less favoured areas) and analyse specific case studies of products, in order to understand their importance and impact (e.g. volume of production, number of businesses that produce them) and investigate the choices of this geography. Evidence suggests that some Greek geographical indications (GIs) exist only ‘on paper’ and therefore have zero impact on their delimited areas. Furthermore, the impact of GIs depends not only on the characteristics of the product but on the characteristics of the enterprises that produce them as well. A new, although not alternative, agri‐food geography is emerging.
TERRITORIAL CAPITAL AND REGIONAL GROWTH: INCREASING RETURNS IN KNOWLEDGE USE
Authors: CAPELLO ROBERTA , CARAGLIU ANDREA , NIJKAMP PETER 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTKnowledge drives the growth of nations and regions in a competitive space‐economy. Hence, we would expect a strong correlation between investments in R&D, knowledge and learning processes, on the one hand, and productivity increases, on the other. However, the empirical evidence shows consistent discrepancies between knowledge inputs and economic performance across geographical units. This paper addresses this intriguing issue at the regional level, by highlighting theoretically and empirically the strategic importance played by intangible elements as part of “territorial capital” in mediating between knowledge production and regional growth. The main proposition of the paper, subject to empirical testing, is that intangible elements as part of territorial capital magnify the contribution of knowledge by determining the formation of increasing returns to knowledge exploitation.
GROUNDING THEORIES OF PLACE AND GLOBALISATION
Authors: ANTONSICH MARCO 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn the 1990s, under the perception of increasing transformations brought about by globalisation, scholars started investigating what happened to the notion of place. Among others, the views of Manuel Castells, Robert Sack and Doreen Massey contributed to construct an opposition between a parochial, bounded, and reactionary notion of place versus a global, unbounded, and relation one. This latter view, under the label of ‘progressive sense of place’, has since become a dominant paradigm in geography. This paper aims to ground these theoretical arguments in relation to how people understand place today. Qualitative empirical information collected in four different regional contexts in Western Europe confirms the discursive existence of the above opposition. Yet, it also challenges the ways in which notions of thickness/thinness and boundedness/unboundedness relate to the regressive or progressive character of place.
SCALE, AGGLOMERATION, AND REGIONAL INEQUALITY IN PROVINCIAL CHINA
Authors: WEI YEHUA DENNIS , YU DANLIN , CHEN XIAOJING 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis study analyses regional development in provincial China through a case study of Jiangsu following the multi‐scale and multi‐mechanism framework. We have revealed a trend of increasing regional inequality and find it is mainly a result of the rapid development of Sunan (Southern Jiangsu), which also results in rising rural inter‐county inequality. Subei (northern Jiangsu) faces more challenges due to the strong effects of self‐reinforcing agglomeration and the constraints of geographical barriers. The spatial Markov chain analysis reveals that the development status of neighbouring counties has a strong influence on a county's development dynamics; a poor county neighbouring relatively richer counties has a higher possibility to move upwards, and vice versa. The geographically weighted regression analysis reveals that development mechanisms have strong local characteristics and the same mechanism affects regional development differently. Finally, our study confirms that the multi‐scale and multi‐mechanism framework helps the understanding of regional development in Jiangsu.
Screening for tumours in paraneoplastic syndromes: report of an EFNS Task Force
Authors: Titulaer M. J. , Soffietti R. , Dalmau J. , Gilhus N. E. , Giometto B. , Graus F. , Grisold W. , Honnorat J. , Sillevis Smitt P. A. E. , Tanasescu R. , Vedeler C. A. , Voltz R. , Verschuuren J. J. G. M. 
Published: September 2010

Background:  Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) almost invariably predate detection of the malignancy. Screening for tumours is important in PNS as the tumour directly affects prognosis and treatment and should be performed as soon as possible.Objectives:  An overview of the screening of tumours related to classical PNS is given. Small cell lung cancer, thymoma, breast cancer, ovarian carcinoma and teratoma and testicular tumours are described in relation to paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, subacute sensory neuronopathy, subacute autonomic neuropathy, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, paraneoplastic opsoclonus‐myoclonus, Lambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), myasthenia gravis and paraneoplastic peripheral nerve hyperexcitability.Methods:  Many studies with class IV evidence were available; one study reached level III evidence. No evidence‐based recommendations grade A–C were possible, but good practice points were agreed by consensus.Recommendations:  The nature of antibody, and to a lesser extent the clinical syndrome, determines the risk and type of an underlying malignancy. For screening of the thoracic region, a CT‐thorax is recommended, which if negative is followed by fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET). Breast cancer is screened for by mammography, followed by MRI. For the pelvic region, ultrasound (US) is the investigation of first choice followed by CT. Dermatomyositis patients should have CT‐thorax/abdomen, US of the pelvic region and mammography in women, US of testes in men under 50 years and colonoscopy in men and women over 50. If primary screening is negative, repeat screening after 3–6 months and screen every 6 months up till 4 years. In LEMS, screening for 2 years is sufficient. In syndromes where only a subgroup of patients have a malignancy, tumour markers have additional value to predict a probable malignancy.
‘What Werre Amounteth’: The Military Experience of Knights of the Shire, 1369–1389
Authors: KING ANDY 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Commons in parliament played an increasingly influential role in English politics in the last years of the reign of Edward III, and the reign of his grandson, Richard II. War was the central issue which dominated political debate in parliament. But when they debated war, how many of the knights of the shire knew whereof they spoke? This article discusses the collective military experience of the knights of the shire, assessing their military service in relation to their parliamentary careers. It will look at whether knights of the shire were generally men whose military careers were over or whether they were still militarily active and, in particular, how many of them had recent experience of the doleful record of English failure in the wars since 1369. Finally, it will consider what impact the military experience of knights of the shire had on political debate in parliament and to what degree was the Commons' criticism of the crown's conduct of the wars shaped by the personal military experience of the knights of the shires.
Auditory processing that leads to conscious perception: A unique window to central auditory processing opened by the mismatch negativity and related responses
Authors: Näätänen Risto , Kujala Teija , Winkler István 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this review, we will present a model of brain events leading to conscious perception in audition. This represents an updated version of Näätänen's previous model of automatic and attentive central auditory processing. This revised model is mainly based on the mismatch negativity (MMN) and N1 indices of automatic processing, the processing negativity (PN) index of selective attention, and their magnetoencephalographic (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) equivalents. Special attention is paid to determining the neural processes that might underlie conscious perception and the borderline between automatic and attention‐dependent processes in audition.
Are temporal response features prepared in fixed order? Inferences from movement‐related potentials
Authors: Leuthold Hartmut , Jentzsch Ines 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing a response precuing task, we investigated whether motor preparation of temporal response features follows a fixed order as implied by the generalized motor program (GMP) view. Relative timing and overall duration of sequential key presses were factorially manipulated. Precues either provided no information, provided partial information about relative or overall duration, or fully specified the response. Reaction time decreased with the amount of advance information, reflecting the reduction of response alternatives by the precue and influences on preparatory motor processes. The contingent negative variation (CNV) over the left but not the medial and right motor regions increased with the amount of advance information provided. The foreperiod lateralized readiness potential indicated hand‐specific activation for the full precue condition only. These findings disagree with the assumption that a GMP's invariant and variable response features are prepared in fixed order.
Approach motivational body postures lean toward left frontal brain activity
Authors: Price Tom F. , Harmon‐Jones Eddie 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present experiment examined the effect of different approach motivational body postures on relative left frontal cortical activity, which has been linked with approach motivation. Three body postures were manipulated to create three levels of approach motivation. Consistent with the motivational direction model, results indicated that leaning forward with arms extended (high approach) caused greater left frontal cortical activation as compared to reclining backwards (low approach). This is the first experiment to demonstrate this effect, and it suggests that leaning forward as compared to reclining backward increases approach motivation. These results provide important implications for the motivational direction model and embodiment research.
Aggressive Treatment Style and Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Silber Jeffrey H. , Kaestner Robert , Even‐Shoshan Orit , Wang Yanli , Bressler Laura J. 
Published: September 2010

Objective. Aggressive treatment style, as defined by the Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care, has been implicated as an important factor contributing to excessively high medical expenditures. We aimed to determine the association between aggressive treatment style and surgical outcomes.Data Sources/Study Setting. Medicare admissions to 3,065 hospitals for general, orthopedic, and vascular surgery between 2000 and 2005 (N=4,558,215 unique patients).Study Design. A retrospective cohort analysis.Results. For elderly surgical patients, aggressive treatment style was not associated with significantly increased complications, but it was associated with significantly reduced odds of mortality and failure‐to‐rescue. The odds ratio for complications in hospitals at the 75th percentile of aggressive treatment style compared with those at the 25th percentile (a U.S.$10,000 difference) was 1.01 (1.00–1.02), p<.066; whereas the odds of mortality was 0.94 (0.93–0.95), p<.0001; and for failure‐to‐rescue it was 0.93 (0.92–0.94), p<.0001. Analyses that used alternative measures of aggressiveness—hospital days and ICU days—yielded similar results, as did analyses using only low‐variation procedures.Conclusions. Attempting to reduce aggressive care that is not cost effective is a laudable goal, but policy makers should be aware that there may be improved outcomes associated with patients undergoing surgery in hospitals with a more aggressive treatment style.
The Unintended Consequence of Diabetes Mellitus Pay‐for‐Performance (P4P) Program in Taiwan: Are Patients with More Comorbidities or More Severe Conditions Likely to Be Excluded from the P4P Program?
Authors: Chen Tsung‐Tai , Chung Kuo‐Piao , Lin I‐Chin , Lai Mei‐Shu 
Published: September 2010

Objective. Taiwan has instituted a pay‐for‐performance (P4P) program for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients that rewards doctors based in part on outcomes for their DM patients. Doctors are permitted to choose which of their DM patients are included in the P4P program. We test whether seriously ill DM patients are disproportionately excluded from the P4P program.Data Source/Study Setting. This study utilizes data from the National Health Insurance (NHI) database in Taiwan for the period of January 2007 to December 2007. Our sample includes 146,481 DM‐P4P patients (16.56 percent of the total) and 737,971 non‐DM‐P4P patients.Data Collection/Extraction Methods. We use logistic and multilevel models to estimate the effects of patient and hospital characteristics on P4P selection.Principal Findings. The results show that older patients and patients with more comorbidities or more severe conditions are prone to be excluded from P4P programs.Conclusions. We found that DM patients are disproportionately excluded from P4P programs. Our results point to the importance of mandated participation and risk adjustment measures in P4P programs.
Thromboelastography in healthy horses and horses with inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders and suspected coagulopathies
Authors: Mendez‐Angulo Jose L. , Mudge Margaret C. , Vilar‐Saavedra Paulo , Stingle Nicole , Couto C. Guillermo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives –To evaluate the use of citrated recalcified (nonactivated) thromboelastography (TEG) in healthy horses and horses with colitis and suspected coagulopathies.Design –Prospective, observational study conducted between October 2007 and June 2009.Setting –Veterinary Teaching Hospital.Animals –Forty‐five healthy adult horses and 12 sick adult horses with colitis and prolonged prothrombin time (PT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).Interventions –None.Measurements and Main Results –Whole blood was collected on admission. Coagulation profile (PT, aPTT, platelet count, and fibrinogen concentration) and citrated recalcified whole blood TEG analysis (R‐time [R], K‐time [K], angle [α], maximum amplitude [MA], G value [G], lysis at 60 min [LY60]) were evaluated. Mean values (SD) for TEG parameters in healthy horses were:R=10.4 (3.1) minutes;K=3.5 (1.2) minutes; α=46.3 (11.0)°; MA=55.6 (5.1) mm;G=6,429 (1,341) dyn/cm2, and LY60=5.1 (2.4)%. Mean coefficients of variation for intra‐assay/interindividual variability in healthy horses were:R=4.7%/30.7%,K=4.8%/35.3%, α=4.4%/23.8%, MA=1.4%/9.3%,G=3.4%/20.8%, and LY60=13.1%/47.7%, respectively. Horses with colitis and prolonged PT and/or aPTT had longer mean values forR(P<0.001) andK(P<0.001), narrower mean α (P<0.001), decreased mean MA (P=0.001), and smaller meanG(P=0.02); changes consistent with hypocoagulability.Conclusions –Citrated recalcified (nonactivated) TEG demonstrated changes consistent with hypocoagulability in horses with colitis that had preidentified coagulation abnormalities. This technique has high interindividual variability and low intra‐assay variability. TEG may be useful for detecting hypocoagulable states in horses with colitis and suspected coagulopathies.