bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the efficacy of popular eye cream ingredients
Authors: Hamie Hanin , Yassine Reem , Shoukfeh Rajaa , Turk Dilara , Huq Farhan , Moossavi Meena 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Due to the periorbital region’s high susceptibility to damage from external factors, along with its tendency to demonstrate early signs of aging, periorbital skin is a common target for antiaging therapy.

Objective:
This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of active ingredients commonly found in eye creams, particularly focusing on their impact on periorbital skin concerns.

Methods:
A comprehensive review of the literature on active ingredients in eye creams, including retinoids, vitamins C and E, peptides, ceramides, hyaluronic acid, caffeine, and niacinamide, was conducted. Clinical studies assessing the efficacy of these ingredients in addressing periorbital concerns were examined.

Results:
Studies demonstrate the potential of these ingredients to improve various aspects of periorbital skin, including hydration, elasticity, collagen synthesis, and reduction of inflammatory mediators. Ingredients such as retinoids, vitamin C, and caffeine show promise in addressing wrinkles and hyperpigmentation, while peptides and hyaluronic acid aid in collagen production and hydration. Niacinamide and ceramides offer benefits in reducing wrinkles and enhancing the skin barrier function.

Limitations:
The lack of clinical trials specifically targeting eye cream formulations and periorbital skin is a notable limitation. Furthermore, the variability in study designs, sample sizes, and concentrations of active ingredients across studies complicates direct comparisons.

Conclusion:
The reviewed studies highlight the potential of active ingredients in eye creams to address various periorbital concerns. Further research, particularly large-scale clinical trials focusing on eye cream formulations and their efficacy on periorbital skin, is warranted to establish their significance and comparability with other dermatologic products.
Hepatic improvement within 27 days of avenciguat treatment in Child-Pugh A cirrhosis detected by an oral cholate challenge test
Authors: Lawitz Eric J. , Ertle Judith , Schoelch Corinna , Gashaw Isabella , McRae Michael P. , Helmke Steve M. , Everson Gregory T. 
Published: June 2024

New methods for measuring hepatic improvement in clinical trials and the clinic are needed. One new method, HepQuant SHUNT, detected dose-dependent improvements in hepatic function and portal physiology in the phase 1b study (NCT03842761) of avenciguat, an activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase that is being developed for the treatment of portal hypertension. Herein, we examined whether HepQuant Duo, an easy-to-administer test version, could similarly detect the effects of avenciguat. Twenty-three patients with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis and liver stiffness >15 kPa received either a placebo (n = 5) or a maximum twice-daily avenciguat dose of 1, 2, or 3 mg (n = 6 per group) for 28 days. The DuO test was performed at baseline and on days 11 and 27 in each subject. The test involved administering 40 mg of d4-cholate orally, measuring d4-cholate concentrations in serum at 20 and 60 minutes, and calculating portal hepatic filtration rate, disease severity index, portal-systemic shunting (SHUNT%), and hepatic reserve (HR%). Avenciguat demonstrated dose-dependent improvement in all test parameters. Changes from baseline in SHUNT% after 27 days’ treatment were 0.1 ± 9.0% for placebo, 1.7 ± 5.5% for 1 mg twice-daily, −3.2 ± 2.7% for 2 mg twice-daily, and −6.1 ± 5.0% for 3 mg twice-daily (paired t test for change from baseline p = 0.98, 0.48, 0.04, and 0.03, respectively). The changes detected by HepQuant DuO were similar to those previously observed and reported for HepQuant SHUNT. The results support further study of avenciguat in treating portal hypertension and spotlight the utility of HepQuant DuO in the development of drug therapy for liver disease. HepQuant DuO facilitates the use of function testing to measure hepatic improvement in clinical trials and the clinic.
Risk factors and diagnostic performance of predictors as a screening technique for gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Khobrani Fatimah Mudaia , alzahrani Abdullah Mohammad , Binmahfoodh Dina Saleh , Hemedy Rawan Abdullah , Abbas Salwa Ibrahim 
Published: June 2024

Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition that can have negative impacts on both mother and baby. Detecting GDM early is crucial, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) has been suggested as a possible screening method. This retrospective cross-sectional study aims to investigate potential risk factors and complications associated with GDM. Additionally, it aims to establish the diagnostic performance of predictive factors as a screening method for GDM.

Methods
Data were collected from the medical records of 247 pregnant women who visited outpatient Obstetrics clinics between 2021 and 2022. The study investigated potential risk factors and complications associated with GDM, including impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT), family history of diabetes mellitus (DM), and medical conditions. Moreover, the study evaluated the diagnostic performance of potential predictors as screening techniques for GDM.

Results
The study found that IFG/IGT (P<0.001), a history of GDM (P<0.001), and a family history of DM (P=0.022) were significant factors associated with GDM. Healthy individuals had a lower risk of developing GDM (P<0.001). No significant correlation was found between GDM and macrosomia, hypertension, polycystic ovarian syndrome, or other obstetric complications. Although a weak association was observed between fasting blood glucose levels during the first trimester and GDM, it was not significant.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this study found that IFG/IGT and a past history of GDM were significantly associated with GDM. Additionally, a family history of diabetes increased the likelihood of developing GDM, while no significant association was found between GDM and other obstetric complications. Although a weak association was observed between fasting blood glucose levels during the first trimester and GDM, it was not statistically significant.
Intersection of Nativity and English Proficiency With Receipt of Person-Centered Contraceptive Counseling
Authors: Boniface Emily R. , Courchaine Katherine , Hansen Katie , Darney Blair G. 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To assess disparities in receipt of person-centered contraceptive counseling among a nationally representative sample of U.S.- and foreign-born individuals with differing English proficiency.

METHODS:
We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2017–2019 wave of the National Survey of Family Growth and included female respondents aged 15–49 years who received contraception services in the previous 12 months and provided responses to all four items of the Person-Centered Contraceptive Counseling measure. We categorized respondents into four groups: 1) U.S.-born individuals who speak English very well, 2) foreign-born individuals who speak English very well, 3) U.S.-born individuals who speak English less well, and 4) foreign-born individuals who speak English less well. We created an adjusted logistic regression model, with receipt of person-centered contraceptive counseling as the outcome and the four nativity–English proficiency groups as the primary independent variable, then calculated the predicted probability of receiving person-centered contraceptive counseling for each group, adjusted for age, income, urban or rural status, and parity as covariates. We also assessed the four Person-Centered Contraceptive Counseling items individually.

RESULTS:
Our final study sample included 2,221 respondents (weighted N=26,531,058). Respondents who spoke English very well had comparable adjusted predicted probabilities of reporting person-centered counseling regardless of nativity (52.2% [95% CI, 48.5–55.9%] for U.S.-born individuals and 50.6% [95% CI, 38.2–62.9%] for foreign-born individuals). Among respondents who spoke English less well, U.S.-born individuals had a lower adjusted probability of reporting person-centered counseling than foreign-born individuals (31.0% [95% CI, 13.5–48.5%] vs 40.6% [95% CI, 29.2–52.0%], respectively). The largest disparities were for the items related to letting the respondent say what mattered most to them about their birth control and taking their preferences about their birth control seriously.

CONCLUSION:
Person-centered contraceptive counseling was lower for respondents with limited English proficiency, particularly among U.S.-born individuals; English proficiency mitigated disparities by nativity. Clinicians should prioritize person-centered contraceptive care, especially for patients with limited English proficiency.
A Framework for Developing and Assessing Custom Case Definitions: A Demonstration Applied to Opioid Overdose in Maryland
Authors: Jackson Alice F. , Burkom Howard 
Published: June 2024

Context:
Public health epidemiologists monitor data sources for disease outbreaks and other events of public health concern, but manual review of records to identify cases of interest is slow and labor-intensive and may not reflect evolving data practices. To automatically identify cases from electronic data sources, epidemiologists must use “case definitions” or formal logic that captures the criteria used to identify a record as a case of interest.

Objective:
To establish a methodology for development and evaluation of case definitions. A logical evaluation framework to approach case definitions will allow jurisdictions the flexibility to implement a case definition tailored to their goals and available data.

Design:
Case definition development is explained as a process with multiple logical components combining free-text and categorical data fields. The process is illustrated with the development of a case definition to identify emergency medical services (EMS) call records related to opioid overdoses in Maryland.

Setting:
The Maryland Department of Health (MDH) installation of the Electronic Surveillance System for Early Notification of Community-Based Epidemics (ESSENCE), which began capturing EMS call records in ESSENCE in 2019 to improve statewide coverage of all-hazards health issues.

Results:
We describe a case definition evaluation framework and demonstrate its application through development of an opioid overdose case definition to be used in MDH ESSENCE. We show the iterative process of development, from defining how a case can be identified conceptually to examining each component of the conceptual definition and then exploring how to capture that component using available data.

Conclusion:
We present a framework for developing and qualitatively assessing case definitions and demonstrate an application of the framework to identifying opioid overdose incidents from MDH EMS data. We discuss guidelines to support jurisdictions in applying this framework to their own data and public health challenges to improve local surveillance capability.
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, Food Acquisition Behavior, and Food Insecurity Before and After the COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout
Authors: Hosler Akiko S. , Chen Jiacheng , Arroyo Mariana Torres , Neff Roni A. , Bozlak Christine T. , Romeiko Xiaobo X. , Feingold Beth J. 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
To assess changes in food acquisition behavior, food insecurity, and dietary behavior and identify factors associated with fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption during the transitional period (before and after the initial vaccine rollout for all adults) of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design:
Successive independent samples design. Online surveys were conducted from October 2020 to February 2021 (time 1, before the vaccine rollout) and from October 2021 to December 2021 (time 2, after the vaccine rollout). Descriptive analysis examined changes in food sources, food security, and daily FV consumption in cup equivalents (CEs) from time 1 to time 2. A multivariable logistic regression analysis examined factors associated with FV consumption.

Setting:
The Capital Region of New York State.

Participants:
1553 adults 18 years of age and older.

Main Outcome Measure:
Meeting the 2020-2025 MyPlate daily FV consumption recommendations.

Results:
There were statistically significant (P < .05) increases in the use of supermarkets, eat-in restaurants, farmers’ markets, and convenience stores from time 1 to time 2. Food insecurity (40.1% vs 39.4%) and FV consumption (2.6 CE vs 2.4 CE) slightly declined but not significantly. Home food procurement such as gardening and foraging (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.08-2.37) and shopping at food co-op/health food stores (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.07-2.49) were significantly associated with the FV outcome, and these relationships were not modified by food security status.

Conclusions:
The present study highlights the importance of food sources in understanding adult dietary behavior during the transitional period of the pandemic. Continuing efforts to monitor access to food sources, food insecurity, and dietary behavior are warranted as various COVID-related emergency food assistance measures have expired.
Anonymizing medical documents with local, privacy preserving large language models: The LLM-Anonymizer
Authors: Wiest Isabella C. , Leßmann Marie-Elisabeth , Wolf Fabian , Ferber Dyke , Van Treeck Marko , Zhu Jiefu , Ebert Matthias P. , Westphalen Christoph Benedikt , Wermke Martin , Kather Jakob Nikolas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedical research with real-world clinical data can be challenging due to privacy requirements. Ideally, patient data are handled in a fully pseudonymised or anonymised way. However, this can make it difficult for medical researchers to access and analyze large datasets or to exchange data between hospitals. De-identifying medical free text is particularly difficult due to the diverse documentation styles and the unstructured nature of the data. However, recent advancements in natural language processing (NLP), driven by the development of large language models (LLMs), have revolutionized the ability to extract information from unstructured text.MethodsWe hypothesize that LLMs are highly effective tools for extracting patient-related information, which can subsequently be used to de-identify medical reports. To test this hypothesis, we conduct a benchmark study using eight locally deployable LLMs (Llama-3 8B, Llama-3 70B, Llama-2 7B, Llama-2 70B, Llama-2 7B “Sauerkraut”, Llama-2 70B “Sauerkraut”, Mistral 7B, and Phi-3-mini) to extract patient-related information from a dataset of 100 real-world clinical letters. We then remove the identified information using our newly developed LLM-Anonymizer pipeline.ResultsOur results demonstrate that the LLM-Anonymizer, when used with Llama-3 70B, achieved a success rate of 98.05% in removing text characters carrying personal identifying information. When evaluating the performance in relation to the number of characters manually identified as containing personal information and identifiable characteristics, our system missed only 1.95% of personal identifying information and erroneously redacted only 0.85% of the characters.ConclusionWe provide our full LLM-based Anonymizer pipeline under an open source license with a user-friendly web interface that operates on local hardware and requires no programming skills. This powerful tool has the potential to significantly facilitate medical research by enabling the secure and efficient de-identification of clinical free text data on premise, thereby addressing key challenges in medical data sharing.
Local adaptation of both plant and pathogen: an arms-race compromise in switchgrass rust
Authors: VanWallendael Acer , Wijewardana Chathurika , Bonnette Jason , Vormwald Lisa , Fritschi Felix B. , Boe Arvid , Chambers Shelly , Mitchell Rob , Rouquette Francis M. , Wu Yanqi , Fay Philip A. , Jastrow Julie D. , Lovell John , Juenger Thomas , Lowry David B. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIn widespread species, parasites can locally adapt to host populations, or hosts can locally adapt to resist parasites. Parasites with rapid life cycles locally adapt more quickly, but host diversity, selective pressure, and climatic factors impact coevolution.To better understand local adaptation in co-evolved host-parasite systems, we examined switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and its leaf rust pathogen (Puccinia novopanici) across a latitudinal range in North America. We grew diverse switchgrass genotypes in ten replicated common gardens spanning 16.78° latitude for three years, measuring rust severity from natural infection. We conducted genome wide association mapping to identify genetic loci associated with rust severity.Genetically differentiated rust populations were locally adapted to northern and southern switchgrass, despite host local adaptation in the same regions. Rust resistance was highly polygenic, and distinct loci were associated with rust severity in the north and south. We narrowed a previously identified large-effect QTL for rust severity to a candidateYSL3-like gene, and linked numerous other loci to immunity-related genes.Both hosts and parasites can be locally adapted when parasites have a lower impact on fitness than other local selection pressures. In switchgrass, our results suggest variation in fungal resistance mechanisms between locally adapted regions.
Quantitative Magnetic Flow Cytometry in High Hematocrit Conditions for Point-of-Care Testing
Authors: Leuthner Moritz , Helou Michael , Reisbeck Mathias , Hayden Oliver 
Published: June 2024

AbstractQuantitative cell analysis in liquid biopsies is essential for many clinical decisions, but it is primarily tied to centralized laboratories. However, access to these laboratories is limited in low-resource settings or for immobile patients, highlighting the urgent need for Point-of-Care (POC) testing infrastructure. Magnetic flow cytometers (MFC) offer a solution, albeit sample processing steps like cell lysis or washing crucially disrupt POC-capable MFC workflows. Here, we investigate conditions for immunomagnetic labeling and direct cell quantification in a streamlined workflow suitable for high hematocrit environments. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are characterized by their size, magnetic moment, and potential to generate signal noise, favoring small (< 50 nm) MNPs. Theoretical models provide the framework for quantifying bound MNPs per cell, revealing labeling quality and giving insight into system requirements for reliable cell detection. Temporal labeling dynamics show suboptimal binding kinetics in whole blood (WB), leading to long incubation periods and only 50% recovery of optically determined concentrations. Besides showing quantitative MFC in WB with biomimetic microbeads, we finally quantify CD14+monocytes in WB with our streamlined workflow, achieving an intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.11 and a CV across multiple donors of 0.10, demonstrating reliable POC flow cytometry close to regulatory standards.
Microbiota metabolized Bile Acids accelerate Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma via FXR inhibition
Authors: Baumeister Theresa , Proaño-Vasco Andrea , Metwaly Amira , Kleigrewe Karin , Kuznetsov Alexander , Schömig Linus , Borgmann Martin , Khiat Mohammed , Anand Akanksha , Böttcher Katrin , Haller Dirk , Dunkel Andreas , Somoza Veronika , Reiter Sinah , Meng Chen , Thimme Robert , Schmid Roland M. , Patil Deepa T. , Burgermeister Elke , Huang Yiming , Sun Yiwei , Wang Harris H. , Wang Timothy C. , Abrams Julian A. , Quante Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of Barrett esophagus (BE) and Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma (GEAC) correlates with obesity and a diet rich in fat. Bile acids (BA) support fat digestion and undergo microbial metabolization in the gut. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is an important modulator of the BA homeostasis. The capacity of inhibiting cancer-related processes when activated, make FXR an appealing therapeutic target. In this work, we assess the role of diet on the microbiota-BA axis and evaluate the role of FXR in disease progression.ResultsHere we show that high fat diet (HFD) accelerated tumorigenesis in L2-IL1B mice (BE- and GEAC- mouse model) while increasing BA levels and enriching gut microbiota that convert primary to secondary BA. While upregulated in BE, expression of FXR was downregulated in GEAC in mice and humans. In L2-IL1B mice, FXR knockout enhanced the dysplastic phenotype and increased Lgr5 progenitor cell numbers. Treatment of murine organoids and L2-IL1B mice with the FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) deacelerated GEAC progression.ConclusionWe provide a novel concept of GEAC carcinogenesis being accelerated via the diet-microbiome-metabolome axis and FXR inhibition on progenitor cells. Further, FXR activation protected with OCA ameliorated the phenotype in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that FXR agonists have potential as differentiation therapy in GEAC prevention.Statement of significanceIf its inhibition is linked to disease progression and its activation to cancer prevention, exploring the potential of FXR as a therapeutic target has great clinical relevance in GEAC context.
Multi-level transcriptomic analysis ofLMNA-related dilated cardiomyopathy identifies disease-driving processes
Authors: Zuela-Sopilniak Noam , Morival Julien , Lammerding Jan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLMNA-related dilated cardiomyopathy (LMNA-DCM) is one of the most severe forms of DCM. The incomplete understanding of the molecular disease mechanisms results in lacking treatment options, leading to high mortality amongst patients. Here, using an inducible, cardiomyocyte-specific lamin A/C depletion mouse model, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptomic study, combining both bulk and single nucleus RNA sequencing, and spanningLMNA-DCM disease progression, to identify potential disease drivers. Our refined analysis pipeline identified 496 genes already misregulated early in disease. The expression of these genes was largely driven by disease specific cardiomyocyte sub-populations and involved biological processes mediating cellular response to DNA damage, cytosolic pattern recognition, and innate immunity. Indeed, DNA damage inLMNA-DCM hearts was significantly increased early in disease and correlated with reduced cardiomyocyte lamin A levels. Activation of cytosolic pattern recognition in cardiomyocytes was independent of cGAS, which is rarely expressed in cardiomyocytes, but likely occurred downstream of other pattern recognition sensors such as IFI16. Altered gene expression in cardiac fibroblasts and immune cell infiltration further contributed to tissue-wide changes in gene expression. Our transcriptomic analysis further predicted significant alterations in cell-cell communication between cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells, mediated through early changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) in theLMNA-DCM hearts. Taken together, our work suggests a model in which nuclear damage in cardiomyocytes leads to activation of DNA damage responses, cytosolic pattern recognition pathway, and other signaling pathways that activate inflammation, immune cell recruitment, and transcriptional changes in cardiac fibroblasts, which collectively driveLMNA-DCM pathogenesis.