bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle size effects on silyl‐chromate/VOx/silica bimetallic catalyst for UHMWPE/HDPE in‐reactor blends
Authors: Du Yu , Tao Hang , Yang Yang , Su Changzhi , Wang Junrong , Wang Yongnian , Liu Boping , Jin Yulong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, four kinds of silica with similar textural properties but different particle size (PS) from 6 to 60 μm were selected as support to prepare silyl‐chromate/VOx/silica bimetallic catalysts for ethylene polymerization, thus making it possible to conduct convincing investigation on the effects of catalyst PS over catalytic behaviors and polymer properties. It is found, owing to mass‐ and heat‐transfer limitations, the catalysts with smaller PS showed higher initial activity, while the deactivation in the later stage was more remarkable. Meanwhile, catalysts with smaller PS synthesized bimodal ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/high‐density polyethylene in‐reactor blends (UHMWPE/HDPE IRBs) with higher molecular weight (MW) and narrower molecular weight distribution (MWD). Four PE sample couples with MW increasing from 5 × 105 to 10 × 105 g mol−1 and PS from 40 to 460 μm were selected for tensile and rheological tests. For each couple with similar MW and MWD, the sample with smaller PS always had larger tensile strength and breaking elongation. The cryogenically fractured surface of the samples made by smaller PE particles showed fewer delamination defects and unfused small particles. The rheological results indicate that higher homogeneity was achieved for the sample with smaller PS, which was reflected by the unexpected higher viscosity and storage modulus.
Electrospun poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) membranes modified with heparin and essential fatty acids for biomedical applications
Authors: Farias Taisa , Ricardo Joelma , Cunha Jessica , Romaguera‐Barcelay Yonny , Gandarilla Ariamna , Ruzo Camila , Bastos Ivanildes , Segala Karen , Nobre Francisco , Junior Joel Silva , Ţălu Ştefan , Paula Marcos , Brito Walter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to modify poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) membranes with sodium heparin (SH) and essential fatty acids (EFA) for later application in wound healing. The electrospinning technique was used to prepare the membranes containing the maximum concentration of SH and EFA, which were then sterilized with ozone. Microbiological tests confirmed effective sterilization. The membrane characterization included scanning electron microscopy for morphological analysis, contact angle determination for wettability studies, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) analysis, and thermogravimetry for thermal analysis. Results indicated that the average diameter membrane of PCL, PCL + SH, and PCL + EFA nanofibers was 1.16 ± 0.99 μm, 0.98 ± 0.66 μm and 1.53 ± 0.92 μm, respectively. Adding SH and EFA affected the fiber diameter, with PCL + SH fibers having a smaller diameter than pure PCL and PCL + EFA fibers. The contact angle of the membrane is 123° (PCL), 102° (PCL + SH), and 95° (PCL + EFA). Wettability analysis demonstrated modified surface properties with reduced contact angles. Sterilization of PCL membranes modified with SH and EFA has shown effectiveness in eliminating bacteria and other microorganisms, increasing the permeability of the membranes. Morphological analysis showed well‐formed and randomly distributed fibers, although the PCL + SH membrane exhibited beads on its fibers. FT‐IR analysis showed slight contributions of SH and EFA in the modified PCL membranes, while thermal analysis revealed no substantial changes in thermal stability. In conclusion, PCL membranes modified with SH and EFA can potentially accelerate wound healing, presenting an innovative and cost‐effective approach to treating skin injuries.
Analysis of bone structure in PEROMYSCUS: Effects of burrowing behavior
Authors: Young Lindsey A. , Munro Emma , Somanchi Priya , Bemis Abigail , Smith Stephanie M. , Shefelbine Sandra J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe compare the effects of burrowing behavior on appendicular bone structure in two Peromyscus (deer mouse) species. P. polionotus creates complex burrows in their territories, while P. eremicus is a non‐burrowing nesting mouse. We examined museum specimens' bones of wild‐caught mice of the two species and lab‐reared P. polionotus not given the opportunity to burrow. Bones were scanned using micro‐computed tomography, and cortical and trabecular bone structural properties were quantified. Wild P. polionotus mice had a larger moment of area in the ulnar and tibial cortical bone compared with their lab‐reared counterparts, suggesting developmental adaptation to bending resistance. Wild P. polionotus had a larger normalized second moment of area and cross‐sectional area in the tibia compared with P. eremicus. Tibial trabecular analysis showed lower trabecular thickness and spacing in wild P. polionotus than in P. eremicus and femoral analysis showed wild P. polionotus had lower thickness than P. eremicus and lower spacing than lab‐reared P. polionotus, suggesting adaptation to high loads from digging. Results lay the groundwork for future exploration of the ontogenetic and evolutionary basis of mechanoadaptation in Peromyscus.
Constructing analogies: Developing critical thinking through a collaborative task
Authors: Kapetanakis Constantine , Conflitti Samantha , Abdo Sarah , Wright L. Kate , Newman Dina L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnalogies are used to make abstract topics meaningful and more easily comprehensible to learners. Incorporating simple analogies into STEM classrooms is a fairly common practice, but the analogies are typically generated and explained by the instructor for the learners. We hypothesize that challenging learners to create complex, extended analogies themselves can promote integration of content knowledge and development of critical thinking skills, which are essential for deep learning, but are challenging to teach. In this qualitative study, college biology students (n = 30) were asked to construct a complex analogy about the flow of genetic information using a familiar item. One week later, participants constructed a second analogy about the same topic, but this time using a more challenging item. Twenty participants worked on the challenging analogy in pairs, while the other 10 worked alone. Analysis of the 50 interviews resulted in a novel‐scoring scheme, which measured both content knowledge (understanding of biology terms) and critical thinking (alignment of relationships between elements of the analogy). Most participants improved slightly due to practice, but they improved dramatically when working with a partner. The biggest gains were seen in critical thinking, not content knowledge. Having students construct complex, sophisticated analogies in pairs is a high‐impact practice that can help students develop their critical thinking skills, which are crucial in academic and professional settings. The discussion between partners likely requires students to justify their explanations and critique their partner's explanations, which are characteristics of critical thinking.
Introduction to special issue on social media for forensic mental evaluations
Authors: Vitacco Michael J. , Batastini Ashley B. , Felthous Alan R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis special issue of Behavioral Sciences & the Law presents six articles that focus on various issues related to social media in forensic mental health evaluations. These eclectic articles provide updated information about social media's use and navigating difficult ethical concerns. Ranging from violence risk assessment to disability evaluations, the up‐to‐date information in this special issue allows the forensic evaluator to be more prepared when they inevitably encounter information from social media. As social media continues to grow, both in terms of overall use and the number of available platforms, forensic clinicians will need to remain cognizant of the ways these data can be appropriately utilized as collateral data.
Management of a severe skeletal open bite case using temporary anchorage devices and multiloop edgewise arch wire technique
Authors: Viet Hoang , Phuoc Tran Hong , Thao Dang Thi Nhu , My Nguyen Khanh , Marya Anand 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe primary cause of complex AOB malocclusion is typically a combination of dental, skeletal, functional, and habitual factors. Open bite correction is a challenging treatment due to its complexity and the requirement for long‐term stability, therefore, multidisciplinary treatment is often the best option for achieving stable esthetic outcomes.
The signaling pathways in obesity‐related complications
Authors: Chandrasekaran Preethi , Weiskirchen Ralf 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObesity, a rapidly expanding epidemic worldwide, is known to exacerbate many medical conditions, making it a significant factor in multiple diseases and their associated complications. This threatening epidemic is linked to various harmful conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), dyslipidemia, and cancer. The rise in urbanization and sedentary lifestyles creates an environment that fosters obesity, leading to both psychosocial and medical complications. To identify individuals at risk and ensure timely treatment, it is crucial to have a better understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity and its comorbidities. This comprehensive review highlights the relationship between obesity and obesity‐associated complications, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, (CVDs), dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease, gastrointestinal complications, and obstructive sleep apnea. It also explores the potential mechanisms underlying these associations. A thorough analysis of the interplay between obesity and its associated complications is vital in developing effective therapeutic strategies to combat the exponential increase in global obesity rates and mitigate the deadly consequences of this polygenic condition.
Enhanced Enzyme Immobilization Using a Novel Agarose‐binding Tag Leads to Improved Flow Reactor Performance
Authors: Peng Martin , Franzreb Matthias , Weber Annika , Lemke Phillip , Niemeyer Christof M. , Rabe Kersten S. 
Published: June 2024

Continuous enzymatic synthesis has gained increasing prominence, extending its applicability to the chemical industry. A practical approach for integrating enzymes into continuously operated reactors is their entrapment within polymer‐based hydrogels. In this study, we present a novel approach to enhance enzyme retention within agarose hydrogels, employing a carbohydrate‐binding module sourced from the Microbulbifer thermotolerans thermostable β‑agarase I (MtCBM) as a versatile agarose‐binding tag. Among the four tested carbohydrate‐binding modules, MtCBM exhibited superior binding affinity to solid agarose and fusion proteins incorporating MtCBM demonstrated significantly enhanced retention within agarose hydrogels. Employing a newly developed fluidic flat‐bed agarose reactor, we demonstrate that, due to increased retention in agarose hydrogels, a phenacrylate decarboxylase tagged with MtCBM yielded nearly six times more product compared to a similarly sized fusion enzyme lacking the MtCBM‐tag. The higher leaching rate of the unlabeled enzyme could not be compensated even by tripling the hydrogel layer thickness, clearly documenting the effectiveness of MtCBM labeling for retention in the gel matrix. In addition, we performed theoretical modelling of the reactor, which led to a deeper understanding of the retention kinetics. The results suggest that this innovative approach is promising for improving stability and reusability of enzymes in agarose‐based carriers.
Ultrasonication‐Assisted Preparation of Au‐Pt/ZrO2 Catalysts for the Selective Base‐Free Oxidation of Glucose to Glucaric Acid
Authors: Potrzebowska Natalia , Cardenas Luis , Derrien Elie , Marion Philippe , Pinel Catherine , Besson Michèle , Perret Noémie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSelective catalytic oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid is still challenging due to the potential formation of a large range of by‐products. ZrO2 supported AuPt catalysts are very efficient for this reaction under base‐free conditions, in aqueous phase. Different preparation methods were tested and the catalysts synthesized by co‐impregnation using NaBH4 as reductant gave the most promising results. We demonstrated that the presence of a pure AuPt alloy is critical for the selective formation of glucaric acid. We have shown that when ultrasonication was used during preparation, less by‐products were formed, increasing significantly final yield of glucaric acid, up to 71 %. The Au/Pt ratio affects the catalytic results and an optimal ratio around 1.1 was determined. Finally, the catalyst is stable up to 196 h in continuous reactor.
Ni(II)‐Complex Anchored Over Functionalized Mesoporous SBA‐15: A Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Aminophenoxazinone Derivatives
Authors: Ghanta Rinku , Mondal Rimpa , Chowdhury Tania , Chattopadhyay Tanmay , Bhaumik Asim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImmobilization of the reactive metal sites over high surface area porous nanomaterial is a very demanding route in designing novel nanocatalysts for the synthesis of valuable fine chemicals. Here we report an efficient, eco‐friendly and sustainable route for the synthesis of aminophenoxazinone derivatives via oxidative coupling of o‐aminophenols catalysed by a novel mesoporous highly ordered Ni(II)‐complex functionalized mesoporous heterogeneous organosilica catalyst. A novel structurally characterized Ni(II)‐complex derived from 2‐(I‐(2‐(piperizin‐1‐yl) ethylimino) methyl)‐5‐methylphenol ligand has been immobilised over a 2D‐hexagonally ordered functionalized mesoporous SBA‐15 synthesized via surface functionalization of SBA‐15 material with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to obtain the Ni(II)‐nanocatalyst SANI. Its catalytic activity has been explored for three different substrates like o‐aminophenol (OAP), 3‐amino‐4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (CAP) and 2‐amino‐4‐methylphenol (MAP) that produces corresponding phenoxazinone derivatives having the yields of 92, 81 and 85 %, respectively. suggesting wide scope of this supported mesoporous nanocatalyst.
Chemoenzymatic One‐Pot Cascade for the Construction of Asymmetric C−C and C−P Bonds via Formal C−H Activation
Authors: Ascaso‐Alegre Christian , Herrera Raquel P. , Mangas‐Sánchez Juan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe integration of organocatalysis and enzyme catalysis in one‐pot cascade processes allows for the efficient construction of complex molecular architectures with high levels of stereocontrol. However, challenges related to reaction compatibility between both processes are often a limitation for the development of efficient synthetic routes. In this study, we describe the combination of an enzymatic aerobic oxidation followed by the squaramide‐mediated asymmetric formation of C−P and C−C bonds to access important building blocks such as chiral α‐hydroxyphosphonates and β‐nitro alcohols in good yields and enantiomeric ratios. This sequential process is conducted in a one‐pot fashion within a biphasic system and represents a pioneering example of a chemoenzymatic cascade involving aerobic biooxidation and an organocatalytic step operating under hydrogen‐bond activation mode and under mild reaction conditions.
Excited Charge Transfer Promoted Electron Transfer in all Perylenediimide Derived, Wide‐Band Capturing Conjugates: A Mimicry of the Early Events of Natural Photosynthesis
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Vílchez Ana M. , Ileperuma Chamari V. , Navarro‐Pérez Valeria , Karr Paul A. , Fernández‐Lázaro Fernando , D'Souza Francis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFundamental discoveries in electron transfer advance scientific and technological advancements. It is suggested that in plant and bacterial photosynthesis, the primary donor, a chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll dimer, forms an initial excited symmetry‐breaking charge transfer state (1CT*) upon photoexcitation that subsequently promotes sequential electron transfer (ET) events. This is unlike monomeric photosensitizer‐bearing donor‐acceptor dyads where ET occurs from the excited donor or acceptor (1D* or 1A*). In the present study, we successfully demonstrated the former photochemical event using an excited charge transfer molecule as a donor. Electron‐deficient perylenediimide (PDI) is functionalized with three electron‐rich piperidine entities at the bay positions, resulting in a far‐red emitting CT molecule (DCT). Further, this molecule is covalently linked to another PDI (APDI) carrying no substituents at the bay positions, resulting in wide‐band capturing DCT‐APDI conjugates. Selective excitation of the CT band of DCT in these conjugates leads to an initial 1DCT* that undergoes subsequent ET involving APDI, resulting in DCT+‐APDI− charge separation product (kCS~109 s−1). Conversely, when APDI was directly excited, ultrafast energy transfer (ENT) from 1APDI* to DCT (kENT~1011 s−1) followed by ET from 1DCT* to PDI is witnessed. While increasing solvent polarity improved kCS rates, for a given solvent, the magnitude of the kCS values was almost the same, irrespective of the excitation wavelengths. The present findings demonstrate ET from an initial CT state to an acceptor is key to understanding the intricate ET events in complex natural and bacterial photosynthetic systems possessing multiple redox‐ and photoactive entities.
Effects of Training in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Motivational Interviewing on Mental Health Practitioner Behaviour: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ragnarsson Emma Högberg , Reinebo Gustaf , Ingvarsson Sara , Lindgren Annika , Beckman Maria , Alfonsson Sven , Hedman‐Lagerlöf Maria , Rahm Christoffer , Sahlin Hanna , Stenfors Terese , Sörman Karolina , Jansson‐Fröjmark Markus , Lundgren Tobias 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTEffective training of mental health professionals is crucial for bridging the gap between research and practice when delivering cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing (MI) within community settings. However, previous research has provided inconclusive evidence regarding the impact of training efforts. The current study aimed to systematically search, review and synthesize the literature on CBT and MI training to assess its effect on practitioner behavioural outcomes. Following prospective registration, a literature search was conducted for studies where mental health practitioners were exposed to training in face‐to‐face CBT or MI, reporting on at least one quantitative practitioner behavioural outcome. A total of 116 studies were eligible for the systematic review, and 20 studies were included in four meta‐analyses. The systematic review highlights the need to establish psychometrically valid outcome measures for practitioner behaviour. Results of the meta‐analyses suggest that training has a greater effect on practitioner behaviour change compared to receiving no training or reading a treatment manual. Training combined with consultation/supervision was found to be more effective than training alone, and no differences were found between face‐to‐face and online training. Results should be interpreted with caution due to methodological limitations in the primary studies, large heterogeneity, and small samples in the meta‐analyses. Future directions are discussed.
A rising Layered Boride Family for Energy and Catalysis Applications: Novel Hexagonal MAB phases and MBenes
Authors: Miao Nanxi , Yan Yujing , Wang Junjie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, conventional MAX phases and MXenes have garnered significant interest, primarily limited to carbides and/or nitrides. However, in 2019, the hexagonal ternary boride Ti2InB2 was successfully synthesized, sparking extensive research into hexagonal MAB (h‐MAB) phases and their derived MBenes (h‐MBenes). In recent years, h‐MAB and h‐MBenes have become focal points in the fields of physics, chemistry, and materials science. The unique properties and promising performances of h‐MBenes in catalysis, energy storage, spintronics, and electrical devices underscore their considerable potential. Nonetheless, the exploration of h‐MAB and h‐MBenes is still in its nascent stages, with many anticipated properties and potentials yet to be fully explored. This article introduces the general concepts, crystal structure, and exfoliation properties of h‐MAB phases, while also highlighting advancements in the synthesis and applications of h‐MBenes. Finally, we discuss future challenges and prospects for the study of h‐MAB and h‐MBenes.
A compact quad element human face‐shaped wideband MIMO antenna for 5G applications
Authors: Mistri Raj Kumar , Mahto Santosh Kumar , Sinha Rashmi 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThis article presents a quad element wideband multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna consisting of human face‐shaped patch radiators with defected ground structure (DGS) having rectangular split ring resonator (RSRR) in ground surface. The measured bandwidth of the proposed MIMO antenna is 3.0–6.5 GHz, and the isolation between the ports is more than 16 dB. Additionally, simulated diversity characteristics like the channel capacity loss (CCL), channel capacity (CC), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), mean effective gain (MEG), and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) are investigated with the measured value and observed to be within the acceptable ranges over the operating frequency band. The suggested antenna can be used in the wireless local area network (WLAN) (i.e., 4.9–5.725 GHz), wireless fidelity (Wi‐Fi) (i.e., 5.15–5.85 GHz), and 5G under 6 GHz (3.3–5.0 GHz) frequency ranges.
Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial fine needle aspiration of mediastinal lymphadenopathy: Diagnostic performance and clinical implications of the World Health Organization reporting system
Authors: Lindquist Kajsa Ericson , Cortas Gaêlle , Hashemi Yas , Rajabian Nilofar , Ehinger Mats 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionLymph node fine‐needle aspiration cytology (LN‐FNAC) is a common, rapid, minimally invasive and cost‐effective diagnostic method. For mediastinal lymph nodes, endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guided LN‐FNAC is a first‐line investigation and has an indispensable role in the diagnosis and staging of patients with suspected lung cancer. Recently, a new WHO system has been proposed for classification of LN‐FNAC heralding five different diagnostic categories; insufficient, benign, atypical, suspicious for malignancy and malignant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and risk of malignancy (ROM) of these categories in EBUS‐guided LN‐FNAC from mediastinal lymph nodes.MethodWe evaluated 2110 consecutive mediastinal lymph nodes during this one‐year retrospective study. Corresponding radiological images and histologic material were used as ground truth to calculate accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and ROM.ResultsThe WHO system showed an overall accuracy of 93.7% with a sensitivity of 83.0% and a specificity of 97.5%. The positive predictive value was 92.3% and the negative predictive value 94.2%. The overall ROM for each category in the WHO classification system was 12.8% for the inadequate, 2.4% for the benign, 47.4% for the atypical, 81.0% for the suspicious for malignancy and 93.6% for the malignant category.ConclusionThe results of the present study indicate that the new WHO system entails a high diagnostic accuracy regarding EBUS‐guided LN‐FNAC assessment of mediastinal lymph nodes and supports its integration into clinical practice. Application of the WHO system standardizes risk assessment thus facilitating communication between cytopathologists and clinicians and minimizes the need for histopathological analysis.