bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body and Word
Authors: Jasper Alison 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article uses the term ‘equivocation’ to describe the sense in which Christian incarnational theology appears to have provided a resource or way of thinking about the embodied human condition. For British literary works produced across a period of over a thousand years, that is not wholly negative. Christian convictions about God's investment in the materiality of human existence bear witness to the perception of infinite human longings and seemingly endless possibilities, as well as our fearful limitations. British artists and commentators during this period have not all accepted the authority of a Christian approach, and in the last two or three centuries many have aspired to challenge the more negative or limiting emphases of its teaching. Arguably, the paradigm remains significant, yet it continues to provide both impetus and challenge to ongoing reflections on the nature of unavoidable human incarnation.
Visions of Heaven and Hell
Authors: Volkova Elena 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
In Greek mythology it is only the priest, the artist, and the hero – representing spirit, genius, and courage – who might approach or enter the world of the dead. The aim of their respective descents is to worship the god, to save people from death, and to return home. In the Christian faith by contrast, God miraculously raises people from the dead and descends into hell after his own death on the cross. There he rescues the faithful and opens the door to heaven for them. This article describes the descent into hell, the antinomy of rising and falling, the descent of heaven to earth, the Imaginative ascent to heaven, life as pilgrimage, the road to heaven through hell, and the theodicy of heaven and hell.
The Future of English Literature and Theology
Authors: Hass Andrew 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article hopes to offer more general observations about where one might see literature and theology, as a defined field, heading in the near future. It lays out four such general features: post-secularity, globalization, culturality, and interdisciplinarity. Collectively, they all become determinate of the space that literature and theology, either as separate enterprises or as a joint entity, seem already to be filling. The discussion describes the way literature and theology has emerged as a joint field of study within the Humanities. To this end, these categories are taken as markers of a wider state that literature and religion, from Milton to Blake to Joyce, have always heralded, if not embodied: those moments of paradigmatic shift when humans rethink the relationship to the divine.
Historical Biographies of Entrepreneurs
Authors: Corley T. A. B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBasic theory analyses the entrepreneur's role in the economic system. Of the four conventional factors of production, namely: land, labour, capital, and organization (or entrepreneurship), objective demand and supply schedules are possible for the first three. By contrast, a demand curve for entrepreneurship cannot be drawn, as it is for the entrepreneurs themselves to decide whether or not to enter the production process as a freelancer. Harvey Leibenstein, a development economist, however, constructed a supply curve for entrepreneurs, linking their anticipations of per capita income growth with the rate of expansion of entrepreneurship in terms of their contribution to such growth in incomes. Hence many theorists portray the corporate drives of entrepreneurs as forward-looking ones. How, then, can biographies most satisfactorily discuss such drives in a chronological narrative of a life from cradle to the grave? Childhood influences, such as premature responsibilities through a parent's death, and struggles for recognition in early adulthood have to be brought out, as well as the precise explanation of finally winning through.
Evaluating SME Policies and Programmes: Technical and Political Dimensions
Authors: Storey David J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article is primarily focused on further developing the theme of the political economy way of evaluating the impact of Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) policies. It reaches five key conclusions. First, that evaluation needs to become more central to the policy-making process. Evaluation should not be undertaken solely as a historic accounting exercise to determine whether public money has been spent wisely, although that role is of value. Instead of being, ‘at the end of the line’, evaluation should be used to inform current policy, so that current objectives and targets may be modified in the light of evidence of policy effectiveness. Hence considerations of how policy is evaluated should therefore be incorporated into policy formulation when new ideas are being developed. They could even influence the choices made by governments about how best to engage with SMEs. Specifically, evaluation has to be incorporated as a key element in policy development.
Innovation in Large Firms
Authors: Kuemmerle Walter 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article provides a discussion of the complex relationship between large firms and innovation with particular attention paid to entrepreneurial mechanisms in large firms that foster such innovation. It should be noted that while the definition of entrepreneurship in this article covers all types of opportunity-seeking behaviour, the article focuses exclusively on the sub-set of entrepreneurship that results from technological progress and on the innovations associated with such progress. The article surveys the relationship between size and innovation. It elaborates on distinct barriers to innovation in large firms and then discusses factors and processes that help foster and sustain innovation in large firms before concluding with some avenues for further research.
Enterprise Culture
Authors: Della-Giusta Marina , King Zella 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article first looks at the rationale for adopting an ‘enterprise culture project’, with specific reference to the case of Britain from the 1980s to the present. It then considers how efforts to promote an enterprise culture might be evaluated, and examines some of the evidence about the impact of enterprise policies in Britain on entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviour. It then reviews some of the academic literature on ‘enterprise culture’ policy and ideology, with a wider discussion of enterprise projects and their implications.
Regional Development: Clusters and Districts
Authors: McCann Philip 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article first makes some clarifications regarding the terminology we use and assumptions we make, simply for expositional purposes. It then outlines the basic tenets of the concept of agglomeration and industrial districts, highlighting the mechanisms by which the spatial grouping of activities and the generation of localized economies of scale may be related. It reviews the various hypotheses which are evident in the literature concerning the relationship between the spatial organization of industrial activity and the spatial patterns of innovation. It explains the current trends in thought about these relationships, pointing out the recent popularity of the concept of a cluster. It then investigates the various notions of clusters and industrial districts from a transactions costs perspective, and provides an assessment of the insights generated from these cluster arguments.
Organization Theory and HRM
Authors: Watson Tony 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article aims to identify the contributions that have been made by ideas from organization theory to our understanding of the organizational activity of human resource management — and its earlier ‘personnel management’ manifestation. Attention is also given to ways in which greater use might be made of organization theory in the analysis of HRM activities and processes in the future. HRM processes are organizational processes. They occur within all work organizations and they cannot be understood separately from the way in which organizations themselves are perceived.
HRM and the Worker
Authors: Guest David E. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article reveals two ‘ideal type’ approaches to HRM that address the issue of control of workers in rather different ways. The ‘high-commitment’ model appears to cede control to employees by emphasizing self-control alongside but also as a means of generating high commitment. The ‘performance management’ model allows managers to retain control and uses HR practices as a means of directing workers' efforts more effectively. The former emphasizes intrinsic control and intrinsic rewards; the latter emphasizes external control and extrinsic rewards. Attempts have been made to integrate elements of these two contrasting approaches. At a strategic level, this might be achieved through the concept of flexibility.
Employment Subsystems and the ‘HR Architecture’
Authors: Lepak David P. , Snell Scott A. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
There is an interesting tension that exists within the HRM literature with regard to employment subsystems. On the one hand, a clear pattern is emerging in strategic HRM research that suggests that HR systems geared toward increased commitment and employee involvement can have a dramatic impact on organizational outcomes. Terms such as commitment-oriented HR systems, high-performance work systems, high-involvement HRM, and the like exude a connotation of extensive investment in, and reliance on, employees. This article first reviews the ‘HR architecture’ to provide a backdrop for our discussion of employment subsystems and changing forms of employment. Second, it examines the implications of globalization, strategy, and managing knowledge flows for how companies structure their portfolio of employment subsystems. Throughout the discussion it offers suggestions for future research.
Recruitment Strategy
Authors: Orlitzky Marc 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the theoretical and empirical contributions that have been made to the literature on recruitment strategy. Recruitment can usefully be defined as ‘those practices and activities carried out by the organization with the primary purpose of identifying and attracting potential employees’. This definition highlights the important difference between two HR functions that are typically seen as indivisible, or at least difficult to distinguish, namely recruitment and selection. Whereas selection is the HR function that pares down the number of applicants, recruitment consists of those HR practices and processes that make this paring down possible — by expanding the pool of firm-specific candidates from whom new employees will be selected.
Training, Development, and Competence
Authors: Winterton Jonathan 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article provides the context for training, development, and competence. In the training section, theory, policy, and practice are considered, including the diversity of national systems for vocational education and training (VET) and the relationship between work organization and workplace learning. The development section is distinguished from training in terms of objectives and scope, while the emergence of Human Resource Development (HRD) is explained not only in terms of a more strategic focus but also in relation to initiatives like corporate universities. The competence section addresses the confusion surrounding the term, contrasting four predominant approaches derived from the USA, the UK, France, and Germany, each of which has influenced other countries to varying degrees. Drawing on these four traditions, a more holistic approach to competence is presented as the model currently being used to structure learning outcomes within the European Qualifications Framework.
HRM and Contemporary Manufacturing
Authors: Delbridge Rick 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article outlines the key elements of organization and HRM associated with contemporary high-volume production, in particular the key arguments and characteristics of lean manufacturing. Lean manufacturing and the associated high-performance work system model has been influential in the development of management practices throughout manufacturing sectors and beyond. However, they are primarily premised on labor efficiencies and incremental improvement. The article reviews the evidence on the implementation and outcomes of lean adoption. The second main section reviews alternatives to ‘lean’. The requirement for innovation and higher value added noted above has meant that a greater emphasis on creating and managing knowledge than that associated with lean manufacturing has become central. One insightful, and increasingly influential, way of conceiving of this challenge has been developed from the concept of ‘communities of practice’, i.e. groups of largely autonomous and self-organizing experts.
Multinational Companies and Global Human Resource Strategy
Authors: Cooke William N. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article focuses on the salient human resource strategy issues and dynamics that come into play as a function of the multinational reach of companies. Although the overall objectives of formulating and implementing HR strategies are the same for national and multinational companies, global HR strategies must take into account factors germane to direct investments made abroad and the management of cross-border operations. At question herein, therefore, is: What factors or considerations are unique to companies operating across borders and what are the implications of these factors in regard to the successful development and deployment of global HR strategies? The article's aim in venturing to articulate a fairly encompassing framework is to stimulate further discussion and debate about how we can better frame our enquiries and analyses to improve our broader theoretical and practical understanding of global strategic HR issues.
Feminist Theory and the Canon of Political Thought
Authors: Zerilli Linda 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article describes the connection between feminist theory and the canon of political thought. It explains that feminist approaches to the canon of political theory are characterized by deep ambivalence and the majority of canonical authors have mostly dismissed women as political beings in their own right and casted them instead as mere appendages to citizen man. The article suggests that the question of how to make political judgments about other cultures and practices that deeply affect women is particularly important for feminist theory today. Globalization and the weakening of nation states have also pressed feminists to raise political demands with an eye to their multicultural and transnational significance.
The Pluralist Imagination
Authors: Schlosberg David 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article considers the developments in the aspects of pluralist theory concerning the acknowledgment of the empirical and experiential basis of moral and cultural plurality. It illustrates the longevity of pluralist thought in the field of political theory and the resurrection of earlier pluralist themes in recent theory. It discusses the conflict of pluralist theory with monism and liberalism and traces the history of pluralism in political science.
Theory in History: Problems of Context and Narrative
Authors: Pocock J. G. A. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines the context and narrative problems associated with the study of the history of political theory. It suggests that in order to study the relations between political theory and history, it is necessary to study these terms and reduce them to manageable forms. It explains that the histories of political thought/theory were canonically constructed and they arranged modes of discourse in an order which it had come to be agreed formed the history being presented.
Republican Visions
Authors: Nelson Eric 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines republican conception of political theory in Europe during the early modern period. It explains that there were two distinct kinds of republican political theory. One was Roman in origin and the other was Greek which valued the natural ordering of the state made possible by the regulation of wealth. The article discusses republicanism in Italy and suggests that the battle between Rome and Greece defined the development of republican political theory throughout the early-modern period.
The History of Political Thought as Disciplinary Genre
Authors: Farr James 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines the history of political thought between the mid-nineteenth and the later twentieth centuries. It contends that the history of political thought became a disciplinary genre within political science largely because of the works of Robert Blakely, William Dunning, and George Sabine. It contends that a methodological awakening in the later twentieth century brought the disciplinary genre to a close and initiated the latest article in the history of political thought.
The Challenge of European Union
Authors: Bellamy Richard 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines the political challenges of the European Union (EU). It explains that political theorists and scientists alike have viewed European integration as a laboratory for exploring how far the nation state, and the forms of domestic and international politics to which it gave rise, has been affected by the various processes associated with globalization. It discusses the Charter of Rights and Constitutional Treaty of the EU and suggests that the EU can be plausibly characterized as an intergovernmental organization of an advanced kind, a nascent federation of states, and a new form of post-national and post-state entity.
East Asia and the West: The Impact of Confucianism on Anglo‐American Political Theory
Authors: Bell Daniel A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article explores the influence of Confucianism on Anglo-American political theory. It describes two recent developments in contemporary Anglo-American political theory which have allowed for substantial engagement with Confucian political theory and may set the stage for further interest in East Asian political theory more generally. One is the communitarian critique of liberal universalism and the other is the feminist emphasis on the politics of the family. This article discusses East Asian contributions to the debate on universalism versus particularism and to the debate on family and justice.
Changing Interpretations of Modern and Contemporary Islamic Political Theory
Authors: Euben Roxanne L. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines the interpretation of contemporary Islamic political theory. Political theory is often understood as a field and enterprise at once produced by and coterminous with the West, yet there is a rich tradition of Islamic political thought in which Muslims have long been engaged in their own ‘great conversations’ about the foundations of political life. The article also discusses Islamic modernism and Islamic fundamentalism and describes the pluralisation of Islam.
Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law
Authors: Stimson Shannon C. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines the relation between the rule of law and constitutionalism. It attempts to provide a better understanding of the ambiguous construct of the rule of law which still remains in the public imagination as a formative part of political discourse. It analyses the role of the rule of law within the constitutional structure of a progressively more formalized European Union or within the more recently constituted post-communist states of Eastern Europe and considers the manner in which some contemporary jurisprudential and political thinkers have considered the rule of law.
Democracy and the State
Authors: Warren Mark E. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines the logic that connects democracy to the state and argues that the functions of the state in enabling democracy are as important now and in the future as they have been in the past. It identifies the animating ideas and values of democracy and describes the ways in which these ideas are entwined with state power and the ways in which state institutions can become generative in ways that exceed the inherent limitations of the state's media of organization.
Historical Injustice
Authors: Ivison Duncan 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines the concept of historical injustice in the context of contemporary political theory. It examines the moral consequences of historical injustice for the descendants of both the perpetrators and the victims and outlines the six questions that any plausible defence of the idea of making reparations for past injustices must deal with. It suggests that taking historical injustice seriously is compatible with moral cosmopolitanism and it also helps with the understanding the nature of various kinds of inequalities that persist today.
Multiculturalism and its Critics
Authors: Spinner-Halev Jeff 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines multiculturalism, focusing on the so-called ethnocultural groups which are often ethnic and national cultural groups or intergenerational communities that have some shared practices and history that members believe are constitutive of the group. It explains that liberalist multiculturalists tend to view respect for cultural groups in instrumental terms while non-liberals often argue that cultures deserve respect because they are intrinsically valuable. It suggests that the non-liberal respect argument and the identity argument avoids some ambiguities involved in liberal multiculturalism since they do not argue for group-differentiated rights because of autonomy or self-respect.
Moral Universalism and Cultural Difference
Authors: Kukathas Chandran 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between moral universalism and cultural difference. It analyses the problem of how to measure the claims of particular cultures against the demands of universal morality and discusses possible ways to resolve the tension between cultural minorities and the intrusion of the morality of Western liberalism. One prominent solution to this problem attempts to resolve it by identifying special rights to be accorded to cultural groups to enable them to hold on to their particular customs and traditions. The best-known and most influential theory here is that developed by Will Kymlicka, who put the case for the protection of cultural minorities in terms that were consistent with the universalist commitments of a liberal political outlook.
Training for Policy Makers
Authors: Dror Yehezkel 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article discusses training for policy makers; it focuses on a politically incorrect subject, which is the training of rulers in grand-policy thinking. A proposed core curriculum for the training is provided. The core curriculum covers a number of factors, such as being able to separate policy and politics, and achieving some form of intellectual and behavioural integration and absorption of different subjects. At the end of the article, several training requirements are presented.
The Origins of Policy
Authors: Page Edward C. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article studies the origins of policy. The first section tries to clarify the differences in policy origins and defines the term ‘policy’. The next section deals with the four levels of abstraction, namely principles, policy lines, measures, and activities. This article determines that there is no simple answer to the question of the origins of policy. The best thing one can do is to indicate the proximate events that lead to the authorization or other form of adoption of policies.