bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts among Australian adults: Findings from the 2020–2022 National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Arya Vikas , Burgess Philip , Diminic Sandra , Harris Meredith G , Slade Tim , Sunderland Matthew , Tapp Caley , Vescovi Joshua , Pirkis Jane 
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts, examine services received for suicide attempts, and explore the relationship between suicide attempts and self-harm without suicidal intent. Methods: We used survey data from the 2020–2022 National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, which involved a nationally representative sample of Australian adults aged 16–85 ( n = 15,893). Comparisons were made with the 2007 National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing ( n = 8841). Results: In 2020–2022, the proportions of adults who had experienced suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts during their lifetime were 16.6%, 7.5% and 4.9%, respectively. The proportions who had experienced these in the past 12 months were 3.3%, 1.1% and 0.3%. The odds of experiencing suicidal ideation and making a suicide plan were significantly higher in 2020–2022 than in 2007. Groups at heightened risk of suicidal ideation, suicide plans and/or suicide attempts in the previous 12 months were males, young people, people who were gay, lesbian, or bisexual or used some other term to describe their sexual identity, people outside the labour force, people from disadvantaged areas and people with mental disorders. Two-fifths of those who attempted suicide during the previous 12 months did not use health services following their attempt, and two-thirds also self-harmed without suicidal intent. Conclusion: The implications of these findings for the forthcoming National Suicide Prevention Strategy are discussed. Suicidal thoughts and behaviours confer risk for suicide and are significant problems in their own right. Their prevention requires a strong whole-of-government response.
Emulator-Based Bayesian Calibration of the CISNET Colorectal Cancer Models
Authors: Pineda-Antunez Carlos , Seguin Claudia , van Duuren Luuk A. , Knudsen Amy B. , Davidi Barak , Nascimento de Lima Pedro , Rutter Carolyn , Kuntz Karen M. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris , Collier Nicholson , Ozik Jonathan , Alarid-Escudero Fernando 
Published: June 2024

Purpose To calibrate Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET)’s SimCRC, MISCAN-Colon, and CRC-SPIN simulation models of the natural history colorectal cancer (CRC) with an emulator-based Bayesian algorithm and internally validate the model-predicted outcomes to calibration targets. Methods We used Latin hypercube sampling to sample up to 50,000 parameter sets for each CISNET-CRC model and generated the corresponding outputs. We trained multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks (ANNs) as emulators using the input and output samples for each CISNET-CRC model. We selected ANN structures with corresponding hyperparameters (i.e., number of hidden layers, nodes, activation functions, epochs, and optimizer) that minimize the predicted mean square error on the validation sample. We implemented the ANN emulators in a probabilistic programming language and calibrated the input parameters with Hamiltonian Monte Carlo–based algorithms to obtain the joint posterior distributions of the CISNET-CRC models’ parameters. We internally validated each calibrated emulator by comparing the model-predicted posterior outputs against the calibration targets. Results The optimal ANN for SimCRC had 4 hidden layers and 360 hidden nodes, MISCAN-Colon had 4 hidden layers and 114 hidden nodes, and CRC-SPIN had 1 hidden layer and 140 hidden nodes. The total time for training and calibrating the emulators was 7.3, 4.0, and 0.66 h for SimCRC, MISCAN-Colon, and CRC-SPIN, respectively. The mean of the model-predicted outputs fell within the 95% confidence intervals of the calibration targets in 98 of 110 for SimCRC, 65 of 93 for MISCAN, and 31 of 41 targets for CRC-SPIN. Conclusions Using ANN emulators is a practical solution to reduce the computational burden and complexity for Bayesian calibration of individual-level simulation models used for policy analysis, such as the CISNET CRC models. In this work, we present a step-by-step guide to constructing emulators for calibrating 3 realistic CRC individual-level models using a Bayesian approach. Highlights We use artificial neural networks (ANNs) to build emulators that surrogate complex individual-based models to reduce the computational burden in the Bayesian calibration process. ANNs showed good performance in emulating the CISNET-CRC microsimulation models, despite having many input parameters and outputs. Using ANN emulators is a practical solution to reduce the computational burden and complexity for Bayesian calibration of individual-level simulation models used for policy analysis. This work aims to support health decision scientists who want to quantify the uncertainty of calibrated parameters of computationally intensive simulation models under a Bayesian framework.
Sustained depression of B cell counts in lupus nephritis after treatment with rituximab and/or belimumab is associated with fewer disease flares
Authors: Zisa Diane , Zhang-Sun Jeffrey , Christos Paul J , Kirou Kyriakos A 
Published: June 2024

Objective To study the risk of lupus nephritis flare (LNF) or severe lupus flare (SLF) as a function of B cell count kinetics in lupus nephritis (LN) patients after they achieve at least a partial renal response (PRR) with induction treatment that includes rituximab (RTX) and/or belimumab (BLM). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of a cohort of 19 patients with severe LN that received a B cell agent (BCA), RTX and/or BLM, as part of an initial treatment regimen for an LN flare and had subsequent CD19+ B cell measurements in peripheral blood. We then characterized the follow-up periods, after B cell depressions occurred and PRR were achieved, by the corresponding trajectories of B cell counts (BCC). Time periods with sustained low BCC were type 1 (T1) episodes, while those with repletion of BCC>100 cells/μL were called type 2 (T2) episodes. Time periods with rapid BCC repletion, defined as >50 cells/μL in ≤6 months, were called T2b episodes. Corresponding C3, C4, and anti-dsDNA levels were recorded for each episode. The time from PRR until an event, either a LNF or SLF, or to censoring, either at the end of the study period or the end of available patient follow-up, was assessed for each episode type. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare time to flare between T1 and T2 episodes. Results There were 26 episodes of B cell depression. Seventeen (65%) were T1 and 9 (35%) were T2. Compared to T1 episodes, T2 episodes were 9.0 times more likely to result in flare over the follow-up period (hazard ratio (HR) = 9.0, 95% CI for HR = 2.2-36.7); this risk was even larger for T2b vs T1 episodes. Median BCC was 14 cells/μL in T1 and 160 cells/μL in T2 episodes. Both C3 and C4 levels significantly increased over the duration of the episode in T1 episodes only. Conclusion Sustained low BCC was associated with prolonged serologic and clinical response, whereas repletion, and particularly rapid repletion, of B cells after treatment with BCA was associated with subsequent disease flare.
Highly Involved Parenting of Adolescents With ADHD: Examination of the Psychometric Properties of a Measure of “Helicopter Parenting”
Authors: Botkin Tessa N. , Wiggs Kelsey , Kipp Heidi L. , Lindstrom Rachel A. , Joseph Heather M. , Kolko David J. , Pedersen Sarah L. , Molina Brooke S. G. 
Published: June 2024

Objective: The concept of the “helicopter parent” was popularized in the 2000s and 2010s by Western culture, and it has recently begun to be examined by researchers to describe parental over-involvement and intrusive behavior that impedes transition into adulthood. Research has yet to investigate the viability of this construct for adolescents when parenting is needed to facilitate the development of autonomy. The present study examined the psychometric structure of a modified “helicopter parenting” measure adapted for use in a sample with increased likelihood of highly involved parenting: adolescents with ADHD. Methods: Adolescents ( n = 333; age 13–18 years; 25% female) and their parents ( n = 341, 91% female) completed a survey for a study on provider training in stimulant diversion prevention in 2016 and 2017. We modified a previously validated measure of “helicopter parenting” for young adults. Other previously established parenting measures were included. We conducted principal component analysis for both informants’ reports of the modified measure. We examined associations between the components and informants’ demographic characteristics and parenting measures to begin to examine convergent and discriminant validity. Results: Two components were identified for adolescent and parent reports and labeled parental Intervention and Day-to-day Monitoring and Planning. These components were differentially associated with demographic characteristics and other measures of parenting. For example, across reporters, parents exhibited less Day-to-Day Monitoring and Planning for older adolescents. Racially/ethnically minoritized parents and male adolescents reported more Intervention parenting. Modest-sized statistically significant associations were found between these indicators of highly involved parenting and the other measures of parenting. Conclusion: Findings provide initial evidence of construct validity. Future work with more heterogeneous samples should examine if this measure captures adaptive parenting, or behaviors that interfere with developing independence, for adolescents with ADHD and neurotypically developing adolescents.
The mediated construction of “woke”: Emerging discourses and primary definers in the Flemish press
Authors: Dhoest Alexander , Paulussen Steve 
Published: June 2024

From 2021, “woke” became an omnipresent term in Flemish public debate. In this paper, we explore how the mainstream press contributed to the emergence and construction of discourses on wokeness. First, we ask how the topic of “woke” reached the media agenda in Flanders. Second, we analyze the respective role of journalists and their sources in constructing discourses on “wokeness”, drawing on the notions of “primary” and “secondary definers” . We collected all newspaper articles mentioning “woke” in four newspapers for 6 months from 2021 to 2023. After a preliminary quantitative content analysis, we conducted a discourse analysis to identify the themes and terminology associated with woke as well as the key (journalistic and non-journalistic) actors talking about it. This allowed us to, first, reconstruct a timeline of the emerging discourses on woke; and second, to identify underlying discursive and journalistic patterns. The chronological analysis disclosed how a few “critical discourse moments” put woke on the media agenda. In each instance, an elite person created a stir, drawing attention to the (supposed) threat of “wokeness”. Woke was generally framed negatively as a “movement” threatening freedom of speech. Although journalists aimed to provide a balanced view and many op-eds offered counterarguments, the mainstream press did give a broad platform to actors deliberately instrumentalizing woke for (often political) purposes. By responding to anti-woke voices and not taking a side, most journalists did take over and reconfirm the framing of “woke” as a movement and threat proposed by elite primary definers.
Adult orthodontic patients: What is important to them?
Authors: Wall Aoibheann , Hillyard Neil , Ryan Fiona S , Cunningham Susan J 
Published: June 2024

Objective: To understand patients’ motivations for pursuing treatment, to appreciate what information patients seek and to explore potential factors affecting decision making in adults considering, undergoing or who have had orthodontic treatment in the private sector. Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire study. Setting: Online questionnaire. Participants: A total of 209 (83% women, 16% men, 1% preferred not to say) completed responses were received. Methods: Once piloted, the final survey was made available online to adults in the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland (RoI) who were either considering having orthodontic treatment, currently undergoing treatment or had recently completed treatment in the private sector. Results: The most commonly selected motivating factor was to ‘improve the appearance of my teeth’ (82%). The information sought related predominantly to treatment duration (64%), potential end results (56%), types of appliances that were available (55%) and cost (52%). The two most commonly reported social factors that had influenced participants to consider treatment were ‘seeing myself on social media’ (31%) and ‘it is more socially acceptable to have braces’ (31%). Conclusion: While this area remains relatively underexplored in the literature, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive understanding due to the increasing number of adults seeking orthodontic treatment. This study not only reinforces the existing knowledge regarding adults seeking orthodontic treatment, such as the predominant role of aesthetics as a motivating factor, but also introduces some novel insights. Specifically, we highlight the influence of social factors on decision-making processes and the importance of effectively communicating the duration of treatment to patients.
Comparison of the Ability of Gadobenate Dimeglumine and Gadolinium Ethoxybenzyl Dimeglumine to Display the major Features for Noninvasively Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma According to the LI-RADS 2018v
Authors: Yao Wei-Wei , Zhang Han-Wen , M Yu-Pei , Lee Jia-Min , Lee Rui-ting , Wang Yu-li , Liu Xiao-lei , Shen Xin-Ping , Huang Biao , Lin Fan 
Published: June 2024

Objective To compare the ability of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl dimeglumine (Gd-EOB-DTPA) and gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) to display the 3 major features recommended by the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS 2018v) for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, we included 98 HCC lesions that were scanned with either Gd-EOB-DTPA-MR or Gd-BOPTA-M.For each lesion, we collected multiple variables, including size and enhancement pattern in the arterial phase (AP), portal venous phase (PVP), transitional phase (TP), delayed phase (DP), and hepatobiliary phase (HBP). The lesion-to-liver contrast (LLC) was measured and calculated for each phase and then compared between the 2 contrast agents. A P value < .05 was considered statistically significant. The display efficiency of the LLC between Gd-BOPTA and Gd-EOB-DTPA for HCC features was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Between Gd-BOPTA and Gd-EOB-DTPA, significant differences were observed regarding the display efficiency for capsule enhancement and the LLC in the AP/PVP/DP ( P < .05), but there was no significant difference regarding the LLC in the TP/HBP. Both Gd-BOPTA and Gd-EOB-DTPA had good display efficiency in each phase (AUCmin > 0.750). When conducting a total evaluation of the combined data across the 5 phases, the display efficiency was excellent (AUC > 0.950). Conclusion Gd-BOPTA and Gd-EOB-DTPA are liver-specific contrast agents widely used in clinical practice. They have their own characteristics in displaying the 3 main signs of HCC. For accurate noninvasive diagnosis, the choice of agent should be made according to the specific situation.
Variability of Guidelines and Disclosures for AI-Generated Content in Top Surgical Journals
Authors: Torabi Sina J. , Warn Michael J. , Bitner Benjamin F. , Haidar Yarah M. , Tjoa Tjoson , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: June 2024

Background: When properly utilized, artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) may improve virtually every aspect of research, from data gathering to synthesis. Nevertheless, when used inappropriately, the use of AIGC may lead to the dissemination of inaccurate information and introduce potential ethical concerns. Research Design: Cross-sectional. Study Sample: 65 top surgical journals. Data Collection: Each journals submission guidelines and portal was queried for guidelines regarding AIGC use. Results: We found that, in July 2023, 60% of the top 65 surgical journals had introduced guidelines for use, with more surgical journals (68%) introducing guidelines than surgical subspecialty journals (52.5%), including otolaryngology (40%). Furthermore, of the 39 with guidelines, only 69.2% gave specific use guidelines. No included journal, at the time of analysis, explicitly disallowed AIGC use. Conclusions: Altogether, this data suggests that while many journals have quickly reacted to AIGC usage, the quality of such guidelines is still variable. This should be pre-emptively addressed within academia.
Is plasma atherogenic index or LDL/HDL ratio more predictive of peripheral arterial disease complexity?
Authors: Evsen Ali , Aktan Adem , Altunova Mehmet , Özbek Mehmet 
Published: June 2024

Introduction The most basic and well-known cause of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is atherosclerosis. One of the main factors causing atherosclerosis is dyslipidemia. We will evaluate whether specific ratios of dyslipidemia, such as the atherogenic plasma index (AIP) and LDL/HDL ratio, which have recently been used in practice, can help us to predict the complexity of PAD in the clinic. Methods A total of 305 patients with PAD admitted to our clinic were retrospectively included in this study. After evaluation according to angiography images using TASC-II classification, patients were divided into TASC A-B and TASC C-D. AIP was evaluated with the following formula: Log (TG/HDL). Cut-off values for AIP and LDL/HDL were determined on the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve. Logistic regression analysis were conducted to predict peripheral arterial disease complexity. Results The mean ages of Group 1 ( n:180, 68.3% male) and Group 2 ( n:125, 77.6% male) patients were 64.10 ± 12.39 and 64.94 ± 11.12 years, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM, p < 0.016) and coronary artery disease (CAD, p < 0.001) was higher in group 2. Group 2 had higher TG ( p = 0.045), LDL-C ( p = 0.004), AIP ( p = 0.010), LDL/HDL ( p < 0.001), and lower HDL-C ( p = 0.015). In multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluating parameters in predicting PAD complexity, DM (OR: 1.66 Cl 95%: 1.01–2.73 p = 0.045), CAD (OR: 2.86 Cl 95%: 1.75–4.69 p < 0.001) and LDL/HDL (OR: 1.47 Cl 95%: 1.10–1.96 p = 0.008) were independent variables. Conclusion In our study, we compared LDL/HDL ratio and AIP in PAD for the first time in the literature and showed that LDL/HDL ratio is a more valuable ratio and an independent predictor of PAD complexity.
Intravenous tenecteplase for acute ischemic stroke between 4.5 and 6 h of onset (EXIT-BT2): Rationale and Design
Authors: Wang Yi-Han , Guo Zhen-Ni , Chen Ming-Rui , Yao Zhi-Guo , Nguyen Thanh N , Saver Jeffrey L , Yang Yi , Chen Hui-Sheng 
Published: June 2024

Rationale: To date, the benefit of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients without advanced neuroimaging selection is confined to within 4.5 h of onset. Our phase II EXIT-BT (Extending the tIme window of Thrombolysis by ButylphThalide up to 6 h after onset) trial suggested the safety, feasibility, and potential benefit of intravenous tenecteplase (TNK) in AIS between 4.5 and 6 h of onset. The EXIT-BT2 trial is a pivotal study undertaken to confirm or refute this signal. Aim: To investigate the efficacy and safety of TNK for AIS between 4.5 and 6 h of onset with or without endovascular treatment. Sample size estimates: A maximum of 1440 patients are required to test the superiority hypothesis with 80% power according to a two-sided 0.05 level of significance, stratified by age, sex, history of diabetes, location of vessel occlusion, baseline National Institute of Health stroke scale score, stroke etiology, and plan for endovascular treatment. Design: EXIT-BT2 is a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded assessment of endpoint (PROBE), and multi-center study. Eligible AIS patients between 4.5 and 6 h of onset are randomly assigned 1:1 into a TNK group or control group. The TNK group will receive TNK (0.25 mg/kg, a single bolus over 5–10 s, maximum 25 mg). The control group will receive standard medical care in compliance with national guidelines for acute ischemic stroke. Both groups will receive standard stroke care from randomization to 90 days after stroke onset according to national guidelines. Outcome: The primary efficacy endpoint is excellent functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score 0–1 at 90 days after randomization, while the primary safety endpoint is symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score increase ⩾4 caused by intracranial hemorrhage within 24 (−6/+12) h after randomization. Conclusions: The results of EXIT-BT2 may determine whether intravenous TNK has a favorable risk/benefit profile in AIS between 4.5 and 6 h of onset.
Shifts in structural connectome organization in the limbic and sensory systems of patients with episodic migraine
Authors: Noh Eunchan , Namgung Jong Young , Park Yeongjun , Jang Yurim , Lee Mi Ji , Park Bo-yong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMigraine is a complex neurological condition characterized by recurrent headaches, which is often accompanied by various neurological symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool for investigating whole-brain connectivity patterns; however, systematic assessment of structural connectome organization has rarely been performed. In the present study, we aimed to examine the changes in structural connectivity in patients with episodic migraines using diffusion MRI. First, we computed structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography, after which we applied dimensionality reduction techniques to the structural connectivity and generated three low-dimensional eigenvectors. We subsequently calculated the manifold eccentricity, defined as the Euclidean distance between each data point and the center of the data in the manifold space. We then compared the manifold eccentricity between patients with migraines and healthy controls, revealing significant between-group differences in the orbitofrontal cortex, temporal pole, and sensory/motor regions. Between-group differences in subcortico-cortical connectivity further revealed significant changes in the amygdala, accumbens, and caudate nuclei. Finally, supervised machine learning effectively classified patients with migraines and healthy controls using cortical and subcortical structural connectivity features, highlighting the importance of the orbitofrontal and sensory cortices, in addition to the caudate, in distinguishing between the groups. Our findings confirmed that episodic migraine is related to the structural connectome changes in the limbic and sensory systems, suggesting its potential utility as a diagnostic marker for migraine.