bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology as the first pathological diagnostic modality in breast lesions: A comparison with core needle biopsy
Authors: Park Sang‐Mo , Lee Dong‐Wha , Jin So‐Young , Kim Dong‐Won , Jeen Yoon‐Mi , Choi In‐Ho 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT Background and aim: Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in Korean women. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been used as the first‐line pathological modality; however, use of core needle biopsy (CNB) is on the increase. FNAC is a cost effective, less invasive and rapid method for evaluation of breast lesions. The limitations of FNAC, such as high false negative rates and equivocal results restrict its use. The aim of this study is to evaluate FNAC as a diagnostic tool in comparison with CNB by matching corresponding excision specimens. Methods: From May, 2003 to April, 2008, 753 cases of FNAC, 331 cases of CNB, and 98 cases of combined FNAC and CNB were collected. Diagnoses with FNAC and CNB were compared with excision. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC were 93.8%, 80.8%, and 90.1%, respectively. Those of CNB were 92.1%, 90.9%, and 92.3%, and combined FNAC and CNB, 100%, 77.8%, and 98.0%. There were no false positive cases in either the FNAC or the CNB group. False negative rates were 6.2% in FNAC and 9.9% in CNB. Sampling error was the cause of error or a false negative result in all FNAC samples, and all but one CNB sample. Diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was superior to that of CNB for lesions between 1 cm and 2 cm. Conclusions: Our data suggest that FNAC is an accurate and reliable first line diagnostic tool for evaluation of breast lesions when compared with core biopsy.
Prognostic significance of pSTAT3 and Survivin expression in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Sung Ji‐Youn , Lim Sung‐Jig , Kim Youn Wha , Lee Juhie 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT Background and aim: The activated phosphorylated form of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) up‐regulates multiple downstream targets, including Survivin, which is an inhibitor of apoptosis, and has been implicated as an important process in malignant progression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of pSTAT3 and Survivin in diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL) for their clinicopathological significance. Methods: Using tissue microarrays constructed from 102 DLBCLs, immunohistochemistry was done for pSTAT3 and Survivin. Results: Immunoreactivity for pSTAT3 and Survivin was seen in 41% and 46% of 102 patients of DLBCL. Patients who expressed pSTAT3 were more likely to have Survivin (p < 0.001) and p53 expressions (p= 0.002). According to the sub‐groups of DLBCL, non‐germinal center B cell (non‐GCB) group was more likely to express pSTAT3 and Survivin. Both the pSTAT3 and Survivin expression were significantly associated with short overall survival by Kaplan–Meier survival curves and log‐rank tests in both overall (p= 0.021 and p= 0.002) and non‐GCB group of DLBCL (p= 0.023 and p= 0.006). Multivariate analysis confirmed that Survivin was an independent prognostic factor in both overall DLBCL (p= 0.014) and non‐GCB group (p= 0.032). Conclusions: pSTAT3 and Survivin expression appear to be important prognostic factors for DLBCL patients.
Primary retroperitoneal meningioma: A case report
Authors: Lee So Young , Kim Ji Hun , Kim Mi Jung , Cho Kyung Ja , You Eun Sil , Khang Shin Kwang 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTPrimary extracranial meningiomas are rare disease entities, occurring primarily in the head and neck. We herein present a very rare case of primary extracranial meningioma of the retroperitoneum, observed in a 56‐year‐old man who presented with a retroperitoneal mass measuring 11 cm in its greatest dimension. Histological examination revealed sheets of spindle cells with frequent whorling patterns. The neoplastic cells had abundant light eosinophilic cytoplasm with minimal mitosis or cellular atypism. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated diffuse and strong positivity for vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen. Ultrastructural findings revealed abundant intermediate filaments, complex interdigitating cellular processes, and desmosome‐like intercellular junctions, all of which are characteristic ultrastructural features of meningiomas. The patient was free of recurrence or metastasis 11 months after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second reported case of primary retroperitoneal meningioma.
Genetic analysis and mapping of a thermosensitive genic male sterility gene,tms6(t), in rice (Oryza sativaL.)
Authors: Liu Xia , Li Xihong , Zhang Xin , Wang Songwen 
Published: February 2010

Thermosensitive genic male-sterile (TGMS) rice is widely used in hybrid rice production. Because of its specific temperature requirement, it can be used only in a narrow rice-growing zone in Asia. A newly discovered TGMS line, G20S, has an opposite phenotype compared with normal TGMS lines. G20S is completely sterile when the temperature is lower than 29.5 °C. Thus, it can be widely used in a larger area. Genetic analysis indicated that the sterility of G20S was controlled by a single recessive gene that was named tms6(t). An F2population from the cross between G20S and Jing226 was developed and used for molecular mapping of the tms6(t) gene. The simple sequence repeat technique, combined with bulked segregant analysis, was used to screen markers linked to the target gene, and linkage markers such as RM216, RM2504, RM3152, and RM4455 were identified. These markers are all located on chromosome 10; therefore, tms6(t) was subsequently mapped on chromosome 10. Co-segregation analysis using the F2population showed that two of these markers, RM3152 and RM4455, were closely linked to tms6(t) at distances of 3.00 cM and 1.10 cM, respectively. Additionally, integration of the genetic and physical maps showed that there were 15 BAC/PAC clones overlapping between RM3152 and RM4455, and tms6(t) was mapped to an interval of 1455 kb.
Nest-site materials affect nest-bowl use by Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima)
Authors: Fast Peter L.F. , Gilchrist H. Grant , Clark Robert G. 
Published: February 2010

Nest-site characteristics influence reproductive success in birds. Most studies of nest-site selection evaluate nest characteristics following the commencement of egg-laying, possibly overlooking the importance of pre-existing nest-site features that may be altered during the nesting process. Because Common Eiders ( Somateria mollissima (L.,1758)) often lay their eggs in nest bowls created in previous years, we were able to experimentally place moss or feather down in nest bowls prior to nesting. We then quantified whether these materials increased nest establishment or advanced laying dates relative to control nests and nests where material was removed prior to arrival of nesting females. We found no difference in the likelihood of successful nest establishment between groups. However, the onset of incubation occurred 2–3 days earlier in nest bowls that contained feather down versus nest bowls with little or no nesting material. Nest bowls containing feathers or vegetation may be selected first if they increase nest survival, perhaps by enhancing egg concealment during the critical early-laying period. The presence of material for egg concealment may be particularly important in nesting environments where tall or dense vegetation is not available to provide nest cover.
Cross-seasonal dynamics in body mass of male Harlequin Ducks: a strategy for meeting costs of reproduction
Authors: Esler Daniel , Bond Jeanine C. 
Published: February 2010

Considerations of acquisition of energy for reproduction by waterfowl have disproportionately focused on females, although males also require energy for reproduction. We quantified variation in body mass of male Harlequin Ducks ( Histrionicus histrionicus (L., 1758)) on coastal wintering areas prior to spring migration, as well as on breeding grounds, to determine when and where nutrients were acquired to meet costs of reproduction. Male mass on wintering grounds increased, on average, by 45 g (7%) in the weeks prior to migration. On breeding streams, we inferred that body mass of paired males decreased with the length of time on breeding grounds. Also, on average, male mass was considerably lower on breeding streams than when they departed coastal wintering sites. We conclude that males store nutrients on marine wintering grounds for subsequent use during the breeding season. Male Harlequin Ducks are highly vigilant while on breeding streams and the associated reduction in feeding time presumably requires energy stores. We suggest that males have evolved a strategy that is at least partially “capital” for meeting costs of reproduction, in which they acquire an optimal amount of energy reserves prior to spring migration and subsequently invest them in behaviours that can enhance reproductive success.
Influence of patch- and landscape-level attributes on the movement behavior of raccoons in agriculturally fragmented landscapes
Authors: Beasley J. C. , Rhodes O. E. 
Published: February 2010

We tested the hypotheses that movement rates and home range sizes of raccoons ( Procyon lotor (L., 1758)) inhabiting a highly fragmented landscape would vary in response to local and landscape-level habitat characteristics. Raccoons occupying small forest patches containing limited water sources maintained larger home ranges than raccoons with home ranges established in large forest patches containing abundant sources of water. Raccoons occupying large (>25 ha) forest patches exhibited minimal interindividual variance in home range size compared with raccoons monitored in patches <25 ha. This differing pattern of variance in home range size suggests that critical resources were more widely dispersed within and among small patches, forcing raccoons occupying smaller patches to utilize larger and more spatially disparate areas to satisfy their metabolic and reproductive needs. Movement rates of raccoons were positively related to home range size, although movement rates of males (246.9 m/h) exceeded those of females (188.3 m/h). Moreover, movements of male raccoons primarily were concentrated along forest–agriculture interfaces, whereas female movements were concentrated in forest interiors. Our results indicate that raccoons have modified their movement behavior in agricultural ecosystems in response to the discontinuous nature of resources and suggest that the extent of raccoon space use in these ecosystems is strongly influenced by the availability of non-agricultural resources.
The relative effects of mating status and age on the mating behaviour of female field crickets
Authors: Judge Kevin A. , Tran Kim-Chi , Gwynne Darryl T. 
Published: February 2010

Intrinsic factors such as female age and mating status have been found to affect female choosiness. However, as these factors are often confounded in the wild because mated females are usually older individuals, the relative influence of these two factors on female behaviour is unclear. Using a fully factorial design, we tested the relative effects of age and mating status of female field crickets ( Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) on both (i) the probability that she would mate and (ii) her latency to mate. We found that virgin females were both more likely to mate and copulated more quickly than mated females, but female age had no significant effect on either the probability of mating or the latency to copulate. These results clearly show that mating status is more important in determining female mating behaviour than age. We suggest that previous work which showed an age effect on female choosiness in virgins alone might be of reduced relevance if most females do not remain unmated for long.
Low-Level Wind Field Climatology over the La Plata River Region Obtained with a Mesoscale Atmospheric Boundary Layer Model Forced with Local Weather Observations
Authors: Berri Guillermo J. , Sraibman Laura , Tanco Raul A. , Bertossa German 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A primitive equation, dry, hydrostatic, and incompressible mesoscale boundary layer model is used to simulate the high-horizontal-resolution low-level wind field “climatology” over the La Plata River region in South America. The horizontal model domain has 79 × 58 points (350 km × 316 km), with a horizontal resolution of 0.05°. The model climatological field is the ensemble result of a series of daily forecasts obtained by forcing the model with limited local observations. Each ensemble member produces a daily forecast that participates in the definition of the wind climatology with a probability calculated with the local observations. The upper boundary condition is taken from the only local radiosonde observation, and the lower boundary condition consists of a surface heating function calculated with the temperature observations of the surface weather stations in the region. The study, conducted during the period of 1959–84, reveals an overall good agreement between the observed and the modeled surface wind climatological fields at five weather stations in the region. The model represents very well the differences in the wind speed magnitudes and predominant wind direction sectors throughout a region that displays a strong sea–land-breeze daily cycle. The average root-mean-square value of the model relative error is 31% for wind direction and 23% for wind speed. Model errors vary throughout the day with the minimum in the morning and afternoon and the maximum at night. The seasonal climatology shows the minimum wind direction error in winter and the maximum error in summer, whereas the wind speed errors reveal no seasonality. The annual wind direction error is very similar to the winter minimum error. The conclusion of the study is that the proposed ensemble mean method is useful for synthesizing high-resolution climatological low-level wind fields over regions with a strong diurnal cycle of surface thermal contrasts and a limited number of available weather stations.
Large Multidecadal Salinity Trends near the Pacific–Antarctic Continental Margin
Authors: Jacobs Stanley S. , Giulivi Claudia F. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Ocean temperature and salinity measurements on and near the Antarctic continental shelf in the southwest Pacific sector are evaluated for evidence of temporal change. Shelf water in the southwest Ross Sea has declined in salinity by 0.03 decade−1 from 1958 to 2008, while its temperatures have increased in proportion to the influence of salinity on the sea surface freezing point. Modified deep-water intrusions that reach the central Ross Ice Shelf have freshened at a similar rate and cooled by ∼0.5°C since the late 1970s. Salinity has decreased by 0.08 decade−1 in the westward coastal and slope front currents, consistent with increased melting of continental ice upstream in the Amundsen Sea. Overturning of those near-surface waters during winter sea ice formation and mixing across the slope front is sufficient to account for the 5-decade shelf water salinity change. A strong correlation between the freshening and change in the southern annular mode index suggests a link with the large-scale atmospheric circulation. Salinity has decreased by ∼0.01 decade−1 in bottom and lower deep waters north of the continental slope between 140E° and 180°. Accompanying abyssal temperature changes are minor and variability is high, but density has declined along with salinity. Continued increases in water column stratification will modify the mode and formation rate as well as the properties of bottom and deep waters produced in this region.
Impact of Information, Education and Communication on Adolescent Reproductive Health
Authors: Panda Anuradha , Sehgal Arvind 
Published: February 2010

Adolescence in girls is an unexplored research area. The reproductive and sexual stage of adolescent girls, complemented with lack of forceful advocacy strategies, puts them on the verge of a myriad of psychological and social pressures and increases their vulnerability of falling prey to risky behaviours. The focus of this experimental research is the impact of Information, Education and Communication (IEC) amongst adolescent girls in the age group of 13–19 years in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh (HP). An inferential analysis of the impact of achieved and ascriptive variables on the knowledge and awareness of reproductive health, gender stereotypes and sources of health information of adolescent respondents has been analysed. The research reveals that adolescents lack complete knowledge and awareness on vital life processes and several aspects of reproductive health. Adolescent girls strongly desire un-inhibited information which would extricate their fears and apprehensions. The lopsided existence of information dissemination would not enable them to be empowered to shoulder the responsibility of ‘womanhood’.
Extracting consistent knowledge from highly inconsistent cancer gene data sources
Authors: Gong Xue , Wu Ruihong , Zhang Yuannv , Zhao Wenyuan , Cheng Lixin , Gu Yunyan , Zhang Lin , Wang Jing , Zhu Jing , Guo Zheng 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundHundreds of genes that are causally implicated in oncogenesis have been found and collected in various databases. For efficient application of these abundant but diverse data sources, it is of fundamental importance to evaluate their consistency.ResultsFirst, we showed that the lists of cancer genes from some major data sources were highly inconsistent in terms of overlapping genes. In particular, most cancer genes accumulated in previous small-scale studies could not be rediscovered in current high-throughput genome screening studies. Then, based on a metric proposed in this study, we showed that most cancer gene lists from different data sources were highly functionally consistent. Finally, we extracted functionally consistent cancer genes from various data sources and collected them in our database F-Census.ConclusionsAlthough they have very low gene overlapping, most cancer gene data sources are highly consistent at the functional level, which indicates that they can separately capture partial genes in a few key pathways associated with cancer. Our results suggest that the sample sizes currently used for cancer studies might be inadequate for consistently capturing individual cancer genes, but could be sufficient for finding a number of cancer genes that could represent functionally most cancer genes. The F-Census database provides biologists with a useful tool for browsing and extracting functionally consistent cancer genes from various data sources.
Transcriptional response of Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 sessile cells to treatments with high doses of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite
Authors: Peeters Elke , Sass Andrea , Mahenthiralingam Eshwar , Nelis Hans , Coenye Tom 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background

Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria are opportunistic pathogens, which can cause severe respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). As treatment of infected CF patients is problematic, multiple preventive measures are taken to reduce the infection risk. Besides a stringent segregation policy to prevent patient-to-patient transmission, clinicians also advise patients to clean and disinfect their respiratory equipment on a regular basis. However, problems regarding the efficacy of several disinfection procedures for the removal and/or killing of B. cepacia complex bacteria have been reported. In order to unravel the molecular mechanisms involved in the resistance of biofilm-grown Burkholderia cenocepacia cells against high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the present study focussed on the transcriptional response in sessile B. cenocepacia J2315 cells following exposure to high levels of H2O2 or NaOCl.

Results
The exposure to H2O2 and NaOCl resulted in an upregulation of the transcription of 315 (4.4%) and 386 (5.4%) genes, respectively. Transcription of 185 (2.6%) and 331 (4.6%) genes was decreased in response to the respective treatments. Many of the upregulated genes in the NaOCl- and H2O2-treated biofilms are involved in oxidative stress as well as general stress response, emphasizing the importance of the efficient neutralization and scavenging of ROS. In addition, multiple upregulated genes encode proteins that are necessary to repair ROS-induced cellular damage. Unexpectedly, a prolonged treatment with H2O2 also resulted in an increased transcription of multiple phage-related genes. A closer inspection of hybridisation signals obtained with probes targeting intergenic regions led to the identification of a putative 6S RNA.

Conclusion
Our results reveal that the transcription of a large fraction of B. cenocepacia J2315 genes is altered upon exposure of sessile cells to ROS. These observations have highlighted that B. cenocepacia may alter several pathways in response to exposure to ROS and they have led to the identification of many genes not previously implicated in the stress response of this pathogen.
Complete genome sequence and lifestyle of black-pigmented Corynebacterium aurimucosum ATCC 700975 (formerly C. nigricans CN-1) isolated from a vaginal swab of a woman with spontaneous abortion
Authors: Trost Eva , Götker Susanne , Schneider Jessica , Schneiker-Bekel Susanne , Szczepanowski Rafael , Tilker Alexandra , Viehoever Prisca , Arnold Walter , Bekel Thomas , Blom Jochen , Gartemann Karl-Heinz , Linke Burkhard , Goesmann Alexander , Pühler Alfred , Shukla Sanjay K , Tauch Andreas 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background

Corynebacterium aurimucosum is a slightly yellowish, non-lipophilic, facultative anaerobic member of the genus Corynebacterium and predominantly isolated from human clinical specimens. Unusual black-pigmented variants of C. aurimucosum (originally named as C. nigricans) continue to be recovered from the female urogenital tract and they are associated with complications during pregnancy. C. aurimucosum ATCC 700975 (C. nigricans CN-1) was originally isolated from a vaginal swab of a 34-year-old woman who experienced a spontaneous abortion during month six of pregnancy. For a better understanding of the physiology and lifestyle of this potential urogenital pathogen, the complete genome sequence of C. aurimucosum ATCC 700975 was determined.

Results
Sequencing and assembly of the C. aurimucosum ATCC 700975 genome yielded a circular chromosome of 2,790,189 bp in size and the 29,037-bp plasmid pET44827. Specific gene sets associated with the central metabolism of C. aurimucosum apparently provide enhanced metabolic flexibility and adaptability in aerobic, anaerobic and low-pH environments, including gene clusters for the uptake and degradation of aromatic amines, L-histidine and L-tartrate as well as a gene region for the formation of selenocysteine and its incorporation into formate dehydrogenase. Plasmid pET44827 codes for a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase that plays the pivotal role in the synthesis of the characteristic black pigment of C. aurimucosum ATCC 700975.

Conclusions
The data obtained by the genome project suggest that C. aurimucosum could be both a resident of the human gut and possibly a pathogen in the female genital tract causing complications during pregnancy. Since hitherto all black-pigmented C. aurimucosum strains have been recovered from female genital source, biosynthesis of the pigment is apparently required for colonization by protecting the bacterial cells against the high hydrogen peroxide concentration in the vaginal environment. The location of the corresponding genes on plasmid pET44827 explains why black-pigmented (formerly C. nigricans) and non-pigmented C. aurimucosum strains were isolated from clinical specimens.