bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of coloured stimulus on the mesopic pupillary diameter
Authors: LOBATO RINCON LL , CABANILLAS MC , AGUIRRE VILA‐CORO V , LLORENS B , NINO‐RUEDA A , SANCHEZ RAMOS C 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To know and quantify the effects of the coloured stimulus in the mesopic pupilar diameter. Methods 132 binoculars measures were analyzed in 5 people of ages ranging between 24 and 31 years old, within mesopic conditions and a time of adaptation to the darkness of 15 minutes. The pupilometer utilized was the Power Refractor II from PlusOptix. The interfered filters of 450, 510 and 600 nm were from EDMUND Optics trademark, were placed in front of a photographic flash Metz (60CT‐1) with a circular opening of 7 mm of diameter. The patients maintained the fixation on the infrared sensor of pupilometer placed to 1 meter of distance whereas the flash was placed to 2 meters of distance, both instruments in line with the midpoint of the eyes of the patient. Results There have not been significant differences between both eyes. The average of the maximum values of the mesopic pupilar diameter was of 5,93± 0,13mm in a without filter condition; 6,10±0,03mm for the filter of 450nm; 6,03±0,08mm for the filter 510nm; and 5,84±0,03mm for the filter of 600nm. The average of the change to mesopic pupilar stimulation without filter was of 2,61±0,53mm; with 600 filter, it was of 2,06±0,51mm; with 510 filter, it was of 2,21±0,41mm and with 450 filter it was of 2,12±0,32mm. These results point out a greater reaction to mesopic pupilar with the filter of 510nm and minor reaction with filter of 600nm. The stimulus of wavelength of 510nm in mesopic condition is the one that provides major pupilar contraction, whereas, in contrast, the stimulus of 600nm is the one that provides less reaction to pupilar. Conclusion The mesopic pupilar diameter varies in regarding with wavelength of the stimulus.
Poor Responsiveness to Antiplatelet Drugs in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Clinical Relevance and Management
Authors: Reny Jean‐Luc , Bonvini Robert F. , Bonvini John M. , Roffi Marco , Fontana Pierre 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYCardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in Western countries, accounting for more than 40% of total mortality. An optimal pharmacological management in these patients is of major importance and antiplatelet agents remain the cornerstone of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) therapy at hospital admission and during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The recently described poor biological responses to aspirin and clopidogrel have been source of major concern, especially in era of drug eluting stent implantation. Indeed, insufficient platelet inhibition at the time of PCI has been consistently associated with an increased risk of complications and recurrence of ischemic events. Despite the lack of uniformly accepted definitions of aspirin and clopidogrel poor response, we sought to describe the current evidence and gaps in knowledge. While trials on the potential benefit of an increased antiplatelet maintenance dose after PCI have shown only marginal benefits, the strengthening of the initial antiplatelet regimens by additional loading doses of clopidogrel, by the administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors or phosphodiesterase inhibitors might further improve outcomes during ACS and PCI in patients with poor responsiveness to conventional dual antiplatelet therapy. Overall, tailoring the antiplatelet treatment on the basis of the individual biological response improves the short‐term outcome after PCI. New and more potent antiplatelet drugs may overcome the clinical consequences of the poor response to antiplatelet agents.
Effects of martial arts on health status: A systematic review
Authors: Bu Bin , Haijun Han , Yong Liu , Chaohui Zhang , Xiaoyuan Yang , Singh Maria Fiatarone 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Objective To systematically summarize the evidence for the effects of martial arts on health and fitness, to show the strengths of different types of martial arts, and to get a more complete picture of the impacts of martial arts on health, and also to provide a basis for future research on martial arts as an exercise prescription in exercise therapy. Method We searched for “martial arts”“health” and “random” in eight databases (n= 5432). Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials on the health effects of martial arts were included in the study. Results The final analysis included 28 papers (one general martial arts, one kung fu, sixteen tai chi, six judo, three karate, and one taekwondo). Among the disciplines of martial arts, tai chi was the most well‐studied, followed by judo, karate, and taekwondo. Research topics varied widely, and included health, injuries, competition, morals and psychology, and herbal medicine. Most found positive effects on health. Tai chi is no‐contact, low‐impact, soft body and mindfulness exercise, which has been widely adopted by elderly people and proven to be a beneficial health promotion exercise. Research on judo, karate, and taekwondo mainly focused on improvements to athletes’ competitive abilities, rather than on health effects. We did not find any published randomized controlled trials or controlled clinical trials on aikido, kendo, sumo, kyudo, qi gong, or other disciplines. Discussion and Conclusion Since martial arts are widely practiced, their effects on physiology, morphology, immunology, and neurology should be further studied in order to help people to select the best discipline or style to accomplish their purposes. This necessitates categorizing and classifying the disciplines and styles according to their effects on different body systems and levels of contact, as well as standardizing evaluation criteria for martial arts. Martial arts as an exercise prescription can then move from an experience‐based to an evidence‐based treatment.
Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation‐guided treatment for lung cancers: Where are we now?
Authors: Su Zengliu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase domain mutations (from exon 18 to 21) alter the efficacy of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva). Lung cancer patients with drug‐sensitive EGFR mutations initially respond, but acquire resistance after approximately one year of tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. This review summarizes EGFR gene mutation profiles for East Asian non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients according to recent publications. Strategies for the treatment of acquired resistance mediated by EGFR T790M are also reviewed.
Variation in branch length inFagopyrum esculentumin response to density and emergence date: No evidence for true plasticity
Authors: Japhet Wisdom , Zhou Daowei , Wang Ping 
Published: November 2010

Plasticity is an important attribute that enables plants to maintain fitness in heterogeneous environments. The objective of this study was to investigate plasticity in branch length in Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Seeds of the species were sown under two contrasting conditions through the manipulation of planting density (inter-planting distances at 20, 15, 10, and 5 cm) and sowing date (25 July, 1 August, 5 August, and 15 August). Allometric analysis of the relationships between branch length and total biomass showed a significant (p < 0.05) departure from isometry. This indicates that branch length increased linearly as a function of size. However, branch length was smaller in the group of plants sown at higher densities and at late sowing dates. True plasticity, which would have been indicated by significant differences in allometric exponents within treatments, was not observed in this study. Our results suggest that the differences observed in branch length were due to the direct effect of size rather than as a result of true plastic investment in branches.
How do shoot clipping and tuber harvesting combine to affectBolboschoenus maritimusrecovery capacities?
Authors: Durant Daphné , Desnouhes Laurent , Guillemain Matthieu , Fritz Hervé , Mesléard François 
Published: November 2010

In French Mediterranean wetlands, the combined effects of predation of tubers by wildlife and grazing of aboveground tissue by livestock on the recovery capacities of Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla are not well known. A container study was conducted that applied tuber harvests at varying levels (20%–90%) and shoot clipping (with or without). Response to harvesting and clipping was recorded as changes in total biomass, number, and mean mass of tubers (calculation of variation indexes). Bolboschoenus maritimus failed to recover from even the lowest tuber harvesting level of 20% and the total number of tubers and biomass decreased. A significant decrease in mean tuber mass over time and approximately no production of new tubers accounted for this absence of compensatory response. The harvesting level had a linear effect on the variation indices of total number of tubers and mean tuber mass. By separating the relative effect of shoot clipping from that of tuber harvesting alone, the results showed that clipping had an additive effect on mean tuber mass, reducing it by about 20%, without any effect on tuber number. The absence of compensatory response under our experimental conditions suggests that clonal plant regrowth partially depends on post-disturbance environmental conditions in the growing season, in our case, dry conditions.
Squeal vibrations, glass sounds, and the stick-slip effect
Authors: Patitsas A. J. 
Published: November 2010

The origin of the squeal acoustic emissions when a chalk is rubbed on a blackboard or better on a ceramic plate, and those when a wet finger is rubbed on a smooth surface, such as a glass surface, is sought in the stick-slip effect between the rubbing surfaces. In the case of the squealing chalk, the stick-slip effect is anchored by shear modes of vibration in about a 0.3 mm thick chalk powder band at the rubbing interface, while in the case of the wet finger on glass, by such modes in a band comprising the finger skin. Furthermore, there are the interfacial bands at the contact areas that result in the decrease of the friction coefficient with relative velocity of slide, i.e., the condition for the stick-slip effect to occur. Such bands are basically composed of the asperities on the surface of the chalk band and of the epidermis ridges and the water layer, respectively.
Particle-in-cell analysis of beam-wave interaction in gyrotron cavity with tapered magnetic field
Authors: Kumar Anil , Khatun Hasina , Kumar Nitin , Singh Udaybir , Vyas V. , Sinha A. K. 
Published: November 2010

A commercially available electromagnetic simulator — MAGIC, a particle-in-cell (PIC) code — has been used to carry out a comparative study of the beam-wave interaction under uniform and tapered magnetic field profiles of a 42 GHz, 200 kW gyrotron. The magnetic field profile across the resonant cavity varies by ±6.5% with a peak value of 1.615 T. The MAGIC simulation shows the desire performance of the gyrotron under both magnetic field conditions with an operating mode TE03 and a pitch factor of 1.26. The analysis of the simulated results show that stability in the power growth was reached more quickly and achieved higher output power in the case of a tapered magnetic field.
TEM-BASED INVESTIGATIONS ON CVD-ASSISTED GROWTH OF ZnO NANOWIRES INSIDE NANOCHANNELS OF ANODIZED ALUMINUM OXIDE TEMPLATE
Authors: DEULKAR SUNDEEP H. , YO HWEI-JANG , HUANG JOW-LAY 
Published: November 2010

The role of Chemical Vapor Deposition's (CVD) temperature and time duration on the mass transport properties and repercussions of these properties on the crystalline growth of ZnO nanowires inside Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) nanotubes (aspect ratio = 1500) have been investigated. CVD assisted growth of nanowires in AAO nanochannels was carried out for 27 min at deposition temperature of 813 K (A1) and for 180 min at 903 K (A2) under identical gas flow rates ( Ar : 23 sccm and O2 : 0.45 sccm) under a chamber pressure of 4.45 torr. Electron diffraction patterns (SAED) of the ZnO diffused inside A1 nanotube (exposed in Focused Ion Beam milled cross-sections) showed a ringed pattern, signifying polycrystalline morphology at the tip as well as the channel bottom. For A2, a single crystal formation at least in the tip region was confirmed by the SAED pattern while the corresponding High Resolution TEM image (HRTEM) revealed a lattice spacing of 0.24 nm corresponding to the (1 0 1) growth direction of zincite (JCPDS-36-1451). Chemical composition of the nanowires, reflected the inherent stoichiometry of preferentially nucleated ZnO in the grooved orifices of individual nanopores. Data points of normalised values of the Zn concentration (TEM-EDS line scan) versus penetration depth (~ 0.6 μm), were empirically fitted with solutions of modified Fickian diffusion equation in 1-D. The Diffusion coefficient values of the order of 0.06 nm2 s-1 and 0.22 nm2 s-1 were obtained for ZnO flow inside nanochannels of A1 and A2, respectively. Observed variations, in diffusivity and relative density, have been explained qualitatively by considering the transport of ZnO inside the nanochannels as arising from superposition of the temperature dependent contributions of the convectional viscous creep and surface diffusion components.
European Ancestry as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation in African Americans
Authors: Marcus Gregory M. , Alonso Alvaro , Peralta Carmen A. , Lettre Guillaume , Vittinghoff Eric , Lubitz Steven A. , Fox Ervin R. , Levitzky Yamini S. , Mehra Reena , Kerr Kathleen F. , Deo Rajat , Sotoodehnia Nona , Akylbekova Meggie , Ellinor Patrick T. , Paltoo Dina N. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Heckbert Susan R. ,   for the Candidate-Gene Association Resource (CARe) Study
Published: November 2010

Background—
Despite a higher burden of standard atrial fibrillation (AF) risk factors, African Americans have a lower risk of AF than whites. It is unknown whether the higher risk is due to genetic or environmental factors. Because African Americans have varying degrees of European ancestry, we sought to test the hypothesis that European ancestry is an independent risk factor for AF.

Methods and Results—

We studied whites (n=4543) and African Americans (n=822) in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and whites (n=10 902) and African Americans (n=3517) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (n=3517). Percent European ancestry in African Americans was estimated with 1747 ancestry informative markers from the Illumina custom ITMAT-Broad-CARe array. Among African Americans without baseline AF, 120 of 804 CHS participants and 181 of 3517 ARIC participants developed incident AF. A meta-analysis from the 2 studies revealed that every 10% increase in European ancestry increased the risk of AF by 13% (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.23;
P
=0.007). After adjustment for potential confounders, European ancestry remained a predictor of incident AF in each cohort alone, with a combined estimated hazard ratio for each 10% increase in European ancestry of 1.17 (95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.29;
P
=0.001). A second analysis using 3192 ancestry informative markers from a genome-wide Affymetrix 6.0 array in ARIC African Americans yielded similar results.

Conclusions—
European ancestry predicted risk of incident AF. Our study suggests that investigating genetic variants contributing to differential AF risk in individuals of African versus European ancestry will be informative.
Arbitrariness of models for augmented and coarse data, with emphasis on incomplete data and random effects models
Authors: Verbeke Geert , Molenberghs Geert 
Published: November 2010

Statistical models often extend beyond the data available. First, in coarse data, what is actually observed is less detailed than what might be, owing to incompleteness, censoring, grouping, or a combination thereof. Second, in augmented data, the observed data are hypothetically supplemented with random effects, latent variables/classes, or component membership in mixture distributions. The two settings together will be referred to as enriched data. Reasons for modelling enriched data encompass mathematical and computational convenience, advantages in interpretation, and substantive plausibility. Models for enriched data combine evidence coming from empirical data with unverifiable model components, resting entirely on assumptions. This has acute consequences for enriched data, but knowledge about this issue is somewhat scattered. We provide a unified framework for enriched data and show, generally and with focus on incomplete-data models and random-effects models on the other hand, that to any given model an entire class of models can be assigned, with all of its members producing the same fit to the observed data but arbitrary regarding the unobservable parts of the enriched data. The concepts developed are illustrated using a clinical trial in toenail dermatophyte onychomycosis and a developmental toxicity study conducted in mice.
1,3,2,4-Diazadiphosphetidines as Ligand and Base for Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura, Sonogashira–Hagihara, and Homocoupling Reactions of Aryl Halides under Heterogeneous Conditions in Water
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Tarassoli Abbas , Fereidoonnezhad Masood 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
1,3,2,4-Diazadiphosphetidines as easily prepared, cheap, and air-stable P(III) containing ligands are successfully used for the efficient C–C bond formation via Suzuki–Miyaura, Sonogashira–Hagihara, and homocoupling reactions of aryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides. The reactions occur heterogeneously in refluxing water and the nitrogen atoms in these ligands behave as base to exclude the need to add internally base. The ligand together with its Pd(0) complex is easily separated by filtration and reused for several runs.
Tailoring Material Properties through Defect Engineering
Authors: Tuller Harry L , Bishop Sean R 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Many advanced materials today derive their function from precise control of point defects. Through manipulation of point defects, the electrical, optical, mechanical, and other properties of materials can be systematically modified and optimized. This feature paper illustrates the type of progress that has been made in understanding the often complex equilibria exhibited by many materials and shows, by use of examples, how this knowledge can be applied to tailor materials’ properties through defect engineering. Examples which highlight key points of defect engineering include: dark conductivity of radiation detectors, chemomechanics and nanoionics of solid oxide fuel cell materials, sensitivity of high frequency resonators for high-temperature mass measurements, and emission lifetime and luminescence intensity of phosphor materials.
Silicalite Pervaporation Membrane Exhibiting a Separation Factor of over 400 for Butanol
Authors: Negishi Hideyuki , Sakaki Keiji , Ikegami Toru 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Bio-butanol is expected to be useful as a liquid fuel because the energy density of butanol is higher than that of ethanol. We developed a separation membrane that yielded an butanol concentration of 81.8 wt % from 1 wt % butanol solution by a pervaporation method. The membrane is a silicone-rubber-coated silicalite on a porous support tube. The butanol concentration process will be simplified greatly by the development of this membrane. Refining the butanol from 1 wt % butanol solution takes 13% of the amount of energy yielded by the butanol.
Robust Hole Transport in a Thienothiophene Derivative toward Low-cost Electronics
Authors: Oku Shinya , Takamiya Kazuhiro , Adachi Daisuke , Ishikawa Shuhei , Nagamatsu Shuichi , Takashima Wataru , Hayase Shuzi , Kaneto Keiichi 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A new p-type organic semiconductor, bis(hexylthiophenyl)thienothiophene, was synthesized and evaluated for its transport characteristics. A robust hole transport was observed even on bare SiO2/Si and on flexible substrates under dark–air conditions. The discovered characteristics reduce the surface-preparation necessary for device fabrication for low-cost electronics.
Catalytic Beckmann Rearrangement of Cyclododecanone Oxime
Authors: Sato Satoshi , Hoshino Hideaki , Sugimoto Tsunemi , Kashiwagi Kohichi 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The catalytic Beckmann rearrangement of cyclododecanone oxime (CDOX) was investigated in silane–nitrile–solvent systems. We have found that chlorosilanes, such as trimethylchlorosilane and tetrachlorosilane, are effective catalysts to produce ω-laurolactam (LRL) at 100 °C. Tetrachlorosilane is the most active catalyst, and hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclohexane, hexane, and decane are suitable for the system. Nitriles such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile would play an important role as a remover of silane species from the produced LRL–silane salt.
Guest Binding, Cellular Uptake, and Molecular Delivery of Water-soluble Cyclophanes Having a Pyrene Moiety
Authors: Hayashida Osamu , Eguchi Chika , Kimura Keiichiro , Oyama Yu , Nakashima Tomomi , Shioji Kosei 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Cationic water-soluble cyclophane bearing a pyrene 1 was synthesized as a host for inclusion of anionic guest molecules. Cationic host 1 was found to be incorporated into human hepatoblastome HepG2 cells effectively. Moreover, 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (ANS) having an inherent poor cell permeability was taken up into the cells in the presence of 1 through formation of host–guest complexes.
Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Crystals Composed of Octamolybdate Isomers and Pyridinium Surfactant
Authors: Ito Takeru , Mikurube Keisuke , Abe Yukihiro , Koroki Takahisa , Saito Masaki , Iijima Jun , Naruke Haruo , Ozeki Tomoji 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Hybrid inorganic–organic crystals containing α- and β-type octamolybdates (α-Mo8 and β-Mo8) were successfully prepared by using hexadecylpyridinium (C16py). Although both hybrid crystals consisted of alternate stacking patterns of monolayers of Mo8 anions and interdigitated bilayers of C16py cations, the Mo8 inorganic monolayers had different packing patterns between the hybrid C16py–α-Mo8 and C16py–β-Mo8 crystals. Each α-Mo8 was isolated by the inserted C16py cations, while β-Mo8 formed one-dimensional chains together with sodium cations.