bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Transport in Chalcogenide‐Based Phase Change Materials: A Journey from Fundamental Physics to Device Engineering
Authors: Aryana Kiumars , Popescu Cosmin Constantin , Sun Hongyi , Aryana Kiarash , Kim Hyun Jung , Julian Matthew , Islam Md Rafiqul , Ríos Ocampo Carlos A. , Gu Tian , Hu Juejun , Hopkins Patrick E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAdvancements in nanofabrication processes have propelled nonvolatile phase change materials (PCMs) beyond storage‐class applications. They are now making headway in fields such as photonic integrated circuits (PIC), free‐space optics, and plasmonics. This shift is owed to their distinct electrical, optical, and thermal properties between their different atomic structures, which can be reversibly switched through thermal stimuli. However, the reliability of PCM‐based optical components is not yet on par with that of storage‐class devices. This is in part due to the challenges in maintaining a uniform temperature distribution across the PCM volume during phase transformation, which is essential to mitigate stress and element segregation as the device size exceeds a few micrometers. Understanding thermal transport in PCM‐based devices is thus crucial as it dictates not only the durability but also the performance and power consumption of these devices. This article reviews recent advances in the development of PCM‐based photonic devices from a thermal transport perspective and explores potential avenues to enhance device reliability. The aim is to provide insights into how PCM‐based technologies can evolve beyond storage‐class applications, maintain their functionality, and achieve longer lifetimes.
A Genetically Encoded Endogenous Antibody Recruitment Strategy for Innate Immune‐Mediated Killing of Cancer Cells
Authors: Aelvoet Justine , Zhong Zifu , Gomez Claudia M. Brenis , Aegerter Helena , Louage Benoit , Lambrecht Bart N. , De Geest Bruno G. , Schuijs Martijn J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAntibody‐recruiting molecules (ARMs) are bivalent molecules that contain a cell‐binding domain and an antibody‐binding domain. ARMs are designed to redirect circulating endogenous antibodies from the bloodstream to the surface of cancer cells and thereby trigger innate immune‐mediated killing of the latter. The current generation of clinically explored ARMs relies on synthetic small molecule haptens. However, their effectiveness is restricted by the low affinity of the available repertoire of endogenous anti‐hapten antibodies. Utilizing endogenous high‐affinity allergen‐specific antibodies could potentially circumvent this issue. In this study, a genetically encoded antibody‐recruiting strategy that utilizes lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver mRNA encoding the house dust mite allergen Der p 2, fused to a cell membrane anchor, to induce cell surface display and enable the recruitment of anti‐Der p 2 antibodies, is presented. Der p 2 mRNA LNP‐treated cancer cells cause greatly reduced pulmonary tumor burden in Der p 2 immunized mice, compared to untreated cells or nonimmunized mice. Reduced tumor growth is dependent on circulating antibodies, and neutrophils are identified as a key immune cell subset recognizing and eliminating Der p 2‐displaying cancer cells. These findings emphasize the effectiveness of mRNA LNPs as a powerful tool for generating a genetically encoded ARM strategy, with potential applications in cancer immunotherapy.
A DNA Nanopatch‐Bacteriophage System Targeting Streptococcus Gallolyticus for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment and Colorectal Cancer Prevention
Authors: Zhao Yadan , Zhu Mengna , ling Yufan , Zhao Yingying , Lu Xing , Chu Binbin , He Yao , Wang Houyu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPersistent inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increases Streptococcus gallolyticus (Sg) colonization, increasing the risk of colorectal cancer progression via the Sg‐activated cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) pathway and β‐catenin upregulation. This study presents Sg‐specific bacteriophages modified with DNA nanopatches (DNPs@P) designed to treat IBD and prevent Sg‐induced malignancy. The DNPs are composed of DNA origami nanosheets and phage capture strands. The DNPs scavenge reactive oxygen species, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of the phages while targeting and lysing pathogenic bacteria. Coating with an enteric polymer, DNPs@P ensures effective delivery in the gastrointestinal tract. These findings demonstrate significant restoration of colonic length, reduced inflammation, and improved gut microbiota diversity compared with current clinical treatments. Additionally, DNPs@P effectively prevents colonic tumourigenesis in mouse models. This approach presents a promising strategy for treating gastrointestinal diseases by remodeling the gut microenvironment, addressing a critical gap in current therapies.
Rational Design of Methylated Triazine‐Based Linear Conjugated Polymers for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction with Water
Authors: Zhu Xiang , Yang Na , Zhou Li‐An , Tian Chengcheng , Wu Jiwei , Wang Tao , Li Xiaodong , Jiang Xia , Dai Sheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe development of semiconducting conjugated polymers for photoredox catalysis holds great promise for sustainable utilization of solar energy. Herein a new family of porous methylated triazine‐based linear conjugated polymers is reported that enable efficient photoreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with water (H2O) vapor, in the absence of any additional photosensitizer, sacrificial agents or cocatalysts. It is demonstrated that the key lies in the generation of methylated triazine linkages through a facile condensation reaction between benzamidine and acetic anhydride, which impedes the formation of conventional triazine‐based frameworks. It is also shown that regulating conjugated linear backbones with different lengths of electron‐donated benzyl units provides a facile means to modulate their optical properties and the exciton dissociation, thereby affording more long‐lived photogenerated charge carriers and boosting charge separation and transfer. A high‐performance carbon monoxide (CO) production rate of 218.9 µmol g−1 h−1 is achieved with ≈ 100% CO selectivity, which is accompanied by exceptional H2O oxidation to oxygen (O2). It anticipates this new study will advance synthetic approaches toward polymeric semiconductors and facilitate new possibilities for triazine‐based conjugated polymers with promising potential in artificial photocatalysis.
A Rolling Light‐Driven Pneumatic Soft Actuator Based on Liquid–Gas Phase Change
Authors: Ai Wenfei , Wu Jiaxin , Long Yue , Song Kai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLight‐driven wireless actuators provide obvious advantages for remote control. However, traditional double‐layer actuators are restricted to the thin film deformation mode when undertaking complex tasks. Here, an actuator is proposed that employs thermal strain and local photothermal effects induced by low boiling point liquids to generate asymmetry along the fiber axis, thereby causing elastic deformation of the fiber. Under continuous irradiation, the sustained elastic deformation results in dynamic frustration within the fiber, creating torque around its axis. Based on this principle, the fiber actuator fabricated in this study enables rolling translation, while the ring actuator achieves simultaneous rolling and lifting motion for object manipulation. Continuous rolling under light eliminates the need for complex light manipulation. This new movement method offers an insight for various application scenarios.
Atomic Layer Deposition Stabilizes Nanocrystals, Enabling Reliably High‐Performance Quantum Dot LEDs
Authors: Wan Haoyue , Xia Pan , Jung Euidae , Imran Muhammad , Zhang Ruiqi , Chen Yiqing , Steele Julian A. , Gaznaghi Sabah , Liu Yanjiang , Wang Ya‐Kun , Wang Lianzhou , Won Yu‐Ho , Kim Kwang‐Hee , Bulović Vladimir , Hoogland Sjoerd , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractQuantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) with stable high efficiencies are crucial for next‐generation displays. However, uncontrollable aging, where efficiency initially increases during storage (positive aging) but is entirely lost upon extended aging (negative aging), hinders further device development. It is uncovered that it is chemical changes to nanocrystal (NC)‐based electron transport layer (ETL) that give rise to positive aging, their drift in structure and morphology leading to transiently improved charge injection balance. Using grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering, it is found that ZnMgO NCs undergo size‐focusing ripening during aging, improving size uniformity and creating a smoother energy landscape. Electron‐only device measurements reveal a sevenfold reduction in trap states, indicating enhanced surface passivation of ZnMgO. These insights, combined with density functional theory calculations of ZnMgO surface binding, inspire an atomic layer deposition (ALD) strategy with Al₂O₃ to permanently suppress surface traps and inhibit NC growth, effectively eliminating aging‐induced efficiency loss. This ALD‐engineered ZnMgO ETL enables reproducible external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 17% across 30 batches of LEDs with a T60 of 60 h at an initial luminance of 4500 cd m−2, representing a 1.6‐fold increase in EQE and a tenfold improvement in operating stability compared to control devices.
Ordering‐Structured Antiferroelectric Composite Ceramics for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Luo Nengneng , He Xiafeng , Xu Chao , Chen Zhengu , Zhao Kun , Cen Zhenyong , Chen Xiyong , Shan Dongliang , Liu Yunya , Liu Zhaobo , Xie Han , Zhu Ye , Huang Houbing , Li Jing‐Feng , Zhang Shujun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDielectric capacitors possessing high power density and ultrashort discharge time are valuable for high‐power energy storage applications. However, achieving high energy storage density remains challenging due to the limited breakdown strength of dielectric ceramics. In this study, inspired by the layered architecture of natural nacre and with the guidance of phase‐field simulations, a strategy of constructing a nacre‐like layered structure is proposed to improve the breakdown strength and energy storage density of the ceramics. This unique structure is formed by controlling the morphology and ordering of high‐voltage‐resistant fillers in a ceramic matrix. The (Pb0.98La0.02)(Zr0.7Sn0.3)0.995O3‐Al2O3 antiferroelectric composite ceramics, containing 5vol% parallel‐aligned Al2O3 plates, demonstrate a remarkable enhancement in breakdown strength from 390 to 570 kV cm−1. Of particular importance is that an ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density of up to 13.2 J cm−3 is achieved, representing a 50% enhancement compared to the pure ceramic (8.7 J cm−3). The parallel‐aligned Al2O3 plates are strongly bound together with the ceramic matrix, effectively blocking charge migration and controlling the breakdown path, thus greatly enhancing the voltage endurance of the composite ceramics. This work provides an innovative approach to designing high‐performance composite ceramics for next‐generation energy storage applications.
Photoinduced Cleavage of Respiratory Syncytial Virus by Chiral Vanadium Trioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Shi Baimei , Xu Xinxin , Sun Maozhong , Xiong Yingcai , Ji Jianjian , Qu Aihua , Kuang Hua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant threat to the health of infants, children, and the elderly, and as of now there is a lack of effective therapeutic drugs. To tackle this challenge, chiral vanadium trioxide nanoparticles (V2O3 NPs) with a particle size of 2.56 ± 0.34 nm are successfully synthesized, exhibiting a g‐factor value of 0.048 at 874 nm in terms of circular dichroism. Under 808 nm light irradiation, these chiral V2O3 NPs demonstrated selective cleavage of the RSV pre‐fusion protein (RSV protein), effectively blocking its conformational rearrangement and preventing RSV infection both in vitro and in vivo. Experimental analysis revealed that the chiral V2O3 NPs specifically bind to the functional domain spanning from aspartate200 (D200) to asparagine208 (N208) in the primary sequence of the RSV protein. Notably, L‐V2O3 NPs exhibited a higher affinity, which is 4.06 times that of D‐V2O3 NPs and 13.55 times that of DL‐V2O3 NPs. The precise cutting site is located between amino acid residues leucine204 (L204) and proline205 (P205), attributed to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by photoinduced nanoparticles. In addition, L‐V2O3 NPs inhibited RSV infection by 99.6% in nasal epithelial cells and 99.2% in Vero cells. In the RSV‐infected mouse model, intranasal administration of L‐V₂O₃ NPs effectively controlled the viral load in the lungs of mice, reducing it by 92.43%. The hematoxylin and eosin staining of mouse organs and serum biochemical indicators are similar to those of the wild‐type group, indicating the biosafety of L‐V₂O₃ NPs. The findings suggest that chiral nanoparticles hold great potential in controlling RSV and provide new directions and ideas for drug development against viruses.
Interfacial Yield Stress Response in Synthetic Mucin Solutions
Authors: Kumar Sumit Sunil , Leadbetter Travis , McClimon J. Brandon , Lema Manuel A. , Khan Farhana M. , Purohit Prashant K. , Braunschweig Adam B. , Carpick Robert W. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe solution rheology of a fully synthetic, monodisperse mucin that mimics the glycosylated domains of natural mucins, poly(β‐Gal‐Thr)22, is studied to systematically explore relationships between polymer structure, solution conditions, and rheological properties. Using standard cone‐plate rheometry, shear thinning is observed over a range of concentrations, with an apparent yield stress—typical for gels—evident at the highest concentrations. This is surprising given the dilute, weakly interacting nature of the solutions and the lack of observable structure in cryogenic electron microscopy and particle tracking microrheology. However, interfacial rheometry demonstrates that the gel‐like behavior is attributable to a thin structured layer at the air–water interface, without any bulk gelation. This is attributed to an interfacial layer formed by inter‐mucin H‐bonds that yields when sheared. A computational model using kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations qualitatively reproduces the yield stress response of such a network through an intermolecular bonding potential. An analytical model of stochastic bond formation and breaking, validated by the kMC simulations, demonstrates that having multiple bonding sites per mucin with a force‐dependent debonding rate aligns with experiments, consistent with intermolecular interactions for other mucin proteins. This suggests that in mucin solutions, gelation may begin at the air–water interface, and emphasizes the need for multitechnique validation when exploring structural cues of mucus gelation through rheometry.
Synthesis of Bimetallic (Iron–Cobalt) Single Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical Detection of Nitrites
Authors: Tostado‐Blazquez Guillermo , Harfouche Messaoud , Cerrillo Jose L. , Bukhamsin Abdullah , Mani Veerappan , Salama Khaled Nabil 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNitrite (NO2−) is responsible for several physiological processes but can be harmful in excess. With rising exposure from food preservatives, fertilizers, and pollutants, accurate nitrite assessment is crucial for health and environmental safety. Different methods have been employed for its determination, with electrochemical sensors showcasing great promise. Single atom catalysts (SACs) are a class of nanomaterials that consists of isolated catalytic metal atoms anchored on conductive supports, which exhibit unique electronic properties with great promise for this application. The performance of these materials can be enhanced even more by incorporating a secondary metal in the catalyst structure. This leads to the creation of more surface‐active sites and enables the facilitation of multi‐step reactions. Herein, a bimetallic single atom catalyst (FeCoSAN) is synthesized through a single step laser assisted solid‐process by anchoring iron and cobalt atoms while simultaneously creating a laser‐scribed graphene (LSG) support. The presence of Fe and Co atoms is verified by high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS). Through electrochemical testing, the bimetallic system demonstrated excellent capabilities for determination of NO2, achieving up to 100% more efficiency, in comparison with bare LSG, with a detection limit of 2.42 µm and a sensitivity value of 515.07 µA mm−1 cm−2 over a linear range from 5.0 to 1666 µm. This highlights their potential for in vivo and point‐of‐care sensing applications.
Nanostructured Materials for Highly Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: A Review
Authors: Ishak Nurul Najihah , Mohamed Ali Mohamed Sultan , Bsoul Anas 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) represents an emerging technology in the field of photovoltaics, achieving an impressive efficiency of 36.27% with a tandem structure to date. This performance underscores the potential of DSSC to rival commercially established conventional silicon solar cells in the future. However, the development of DSSC hinges on the selection of suitable materials, particularly for the photoanode layer. Challenges arise from non‐ideal interfaces resulting from inefficient material choices, which hinder effective charge transport and cell stability. Given that light harvesting primarily occurs at the photoanode, it is crucial to understand both fundamental and contemporary research methodologies for anchoring dye molecules to prevent unwanted electron recombination. This review focuses on the progress in selecting photoanode materials and associated strategies. It examines metal oxide semiconductors, and explores the potential of 2D materials, conductive polymer materials and metal‐organic frameworks in solar cells, determining their effectiveness compared to other materials in enhancing DSSC efficiency. Additionally, this review emphasizes the latest research progress on DSSC and identifies less‐explored future directions in the photoanode DSSC field.
Beyond 3D: Smart Material Systems for Microscale 4D Printing
Authors: Maher Daniel , Piekarczyk Marcin , Rezaei Babak , Bunea Ada‐Ioana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract4D printing combines advancements in 3D printing with smart materials that change properties in response to external stimuli, enabling the fabrication of functional devices directly from the printer. Microscale 4D printing is rapidly growing, driving the discovery and applications of new functional materials and fabrication strategies. The interest in microscale 4D printing comes from its potential to propel industrial transformation across different sectors, ranging from advanced healthcare to cryptography. However, this requires rational design and a good understanding of the material response. This review starts by describing smart materials for microscale 4D printing. 3D printing technologies with micrometer resolution and their use in 4D printing are then discussed. The focus then shifts to the different stimuli that microscale smart materials respond to, the mechanism behind the obtained shape changes with respect to the applied stimuli, and the methods implemented so far to realize complex shape changing behaviors. Examples of applications within sensing, microactuation, data encryption, and cargo transport are shown. After discussing current challenges and mitigation strategies, suggestions on the direction the field of microscale 4D printing can take are given, starting from a systematic and iterative approach for developing functional 4D microstructures.
Introducing Conjugation Spacer in Electrochromic Metallo‐Supramolecular Polymer for Enhanced Optical Memory Effect
Authors: Yang Weilong , Liu Shiyou , Jia Sensen , Huang Junjie , Bian Chenchen , Yan Yin , Ma Mengqiu , Ma Jicang , Feng Jifei , Wei Congyuan , Cai Guofa 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe excellent optical memory effect of electrochromic materials plays a significant role in the construction of a bistable electrochromic device that has great potential application prospects in the field of energy‐saving. Extensive efforts have been devoted to improving the optical memory effect of electrochromic devices by conducting device engineering, whereas fewer efforts focus on molecular engineering at the molecular level. Herein, a scalable method is developed to prepare a new metallo‐supramolecular polymer (MSP) with conjugation spacer among the polymeric skeleton, which switches from deep purple to transmissive with excellent electrochromic performance, such as fast switching speed (1.3 and 3.8 s for coloring and bleaching process, respectively), high coloration efficiency (1052.5 cm2 C−1 at 576 nm) and long‐term cycling stability (decreases 14.1% after 1000 cycles). Moreover, due to the introduction of a conjugation spacer in the molecular skeleton, the optical memory effect of PolyFe‐PF6 film is enhanced considerably, which only attenuates 12% after cutting off the external potential for 3600 s. As a demonstration of its potential application, an electrochromic device switching from purple to transmissive is fabricated. These results illustrate the introduction of a conjugation spacer into the molecular skeleton is an effective strategy for improving the optical memory effect of MSPs.
Engineering Eutectogel Microneedle Patch as Effective Transdermal Delivery System of Hydrophobic Drugs
Authors: dos Santos Danilo M. , Suresh Hasika , Kruzshak Samantha J. , Kim Jihyun , Cebe Peggy , Baleja James D. , Tzanakakis Emmanuel S. , Sonkusale Sameer 
Published: February 2025

AbstractConventional drug delivery methods often face challenges in terms of patient adherence and drug administration. Microneedles (MNs) patches have emerged as a promising alternative, offering a minimally invasive transdermal route for medications. However, their drug‐loading capacity remains limited, particularly for hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Herein, microneedles are designed based on eutectic solvent gels (eutectogels) as transdermal carriers for hydrophobic APIs. A natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) is combined to enhance the solubility of the hydrophobic APIs within the GelMA/PEGDA matrix for mechanical strength and sustained release from the resulting eutectogels microneedles (EU‐MNs). Using docetaxel, 5‐fluorouracil, and curcumin as hydrophobic APIs models, the superior drug‐loading capacity of the EU‐MNs is demonstrated. In vitro experiments revealed that the EU‐MNs provided a sustained release of distinct hydrophobic APIs over 4 days. Additionally, by properly adjusting the concentration and type of APIs, these microneedle patches do not exhibit cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts cell line (NIH/3T3), underscoring their potential for safe and effective transdermal drug delivery. These findings highlight the potential of EU‐MNs as versatile, eco‐friendly transdermal vehicles for large amounts of hydrophobic APIs, leading to more effective treatments for these drugs.