bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum cholesterol levels in school‐aged Japanese children: The Hisayama study
Authors: FUKUSHIGE JUNICHIRO , IGARASHI HISAJI , UEDA KOHJI , AKAZAWA KOUHEI , NOSE YOSHIAKI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHypercholesterolemia has been known to be an important factor in the development of atherosclelosis. Blood cholesterol screening and related health education in children, however, have not yet been widely practiced in Japan.From 1985 to 1990, blood samples were obtained from 5825 school children aged 6 to 14 years residing in Hisayama, Japan. The mean total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels were determined.The mean TC levels ranged from 155 to 172 mg/dL for boys and from 156 to 170 mg/dL for girls, peaking at 9 years for both sexes. The TG levels also tended to increase gradually and to peak at 11 years for both sexes. The tendency for TG levels to be higher was much clearer than in US children and adolescents. The HDL‐C levels were highest at 9 years of age for both sexes and the LDL‐C levels also tended to peak at 9 years of age for boys and at 8 years of age for girls. Atherogenic Indices [(TC‐HDL‐C)/HDL‐C] ranged from 1.7 to 1.9 for boys and 1.8 to 2.0 for girls.As the cholesterol level of Japanese children would be expected to rise steadily reflecting their westernized lifestyle, preventive programes on a nationwide base including health education at school environments should be emphasized.
Insertion of a pacing lead via the tricuspid valve does not affect cardiac function and tricuspid valve regurgitation in young dogs
Authors: KIKUCHI YUTAKA , SHIRAISHI HIROHIKO , IGARASHI HIROSHI , YANAGISAWA MASAYOSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA preliminary experimental study in dogs was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of transvenous cardiac pacing in the fetus with complete heart block associated with hydrops. Four young mongrel dogs were anesthetized with intravenous administration of sodium pentobarbital and mechanically ventilated, and a pacing lead was inserted via the tricuspid valve. The right ventricular cardiac output, aortic pressure and central venous pressure were measured, and the tricuspid valve regurgitation was measured semi‐quantitatively using echo‐Doppler color flow imaging. The relationship between the location of the pacing lead and the tricuspid valve regurgitation and cardiac function was examined.The mean right ventricular cardiac output when the pacing lead was inserted into the superior vena cava (126 ± 54 mL/min per kg) was not significantly different from that when it was inserted into the right ventricle (110 ± 43 mL/min per kg). The aortic pressure was 66 ± 7.7 mmHg and 67 ± 6.6 mmHg, respectively, and the central venous pressure 5.9 ± 1.7 mmHg and 5.7 ± 1.6 mmHg, respectively, under the two conditions (not significantly different). The ratio of demonstrating significant tricuspid valve regurgitation was 4/13 into the superior vena cava and 5/13 into the right ventricle, respectively (not significantly different).The location of the pacing lead did not change the cardiac function or the amount of the tricuspid valve regurgitation in our experimental study. It was therefore concluded that the transvenous cardiac pacing technique has potential application in intrauterine transvenous cardiac pacing in the fetus with complete heart block.
Psychosocial problems of children and adolescents with a chronic disease: Coping strategies
Authors: MILOUSHEVA JULIETTE , KOBAYASHI NOBORU , MATSUI ICHIRO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this pilot study was to identify the coping strategies used by children, adolescents and youths with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) attending a camp for IDDM patients near Ryosen town, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.Forty‐three IDDM patients (24 females and 19 males) were studied, divided into two age groups. The first group included children (seven males and 10 females). The second group included adolescents and youths (12 males and 14 females). For the child group a projective drawing method was used for study and for the older group, an open questionnaire was used.Ryan‐Wenger's taxonomy of children's coping strategies and Band's coding systems and classification were used for the content analysis.‘Instrumental action’, ‘Emotional expression’ and ‘Catastrophizing thinking’ were the coping strategies, represented in the child group.Gender differences in coping strategies were found in the group of adolescents and youths. The most often represented and most important coping category for the male subgroup was ‘Behavioral avoidance’. Next in frequency of representation for the male subgroup were ‘Cognitive distraction’ and ‘Behavioral distraction’. The coping categories ‘Seeking social support’ and ‘Behavioral distraction’ were represented with equal frequency in the female subgroup and the next was ‘Aggressive activities’. The most important coping strategy for the female group was ‘Talking to peers’ from the seeking social support category.The study also helped to identify several children and adolescents who might need special psychological support.
Magnetic resonance imaging of clival marow in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: KUWASHIMA SHIGEKO , NISHIMURA GEN , YAMATO MINORU , FUJIOKA MUTSUHISA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHematological abnormalities, commonly associated with anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, are thought to be the results of serous atrophy in the bone marrow. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been utilized to ascertain T1 and T2 prolongation of marrow intensity in the lumbar spine, pelvis and proximal femora. The results correlate well with the severity of hematological abnormalities and body mass index. More importantly, the propensity for peripheral marrow involvement of T2 prolongation contrasts with the axial involvement in other marrow disorders. MRI undertaken in patients with AN to exclude hypothalamic tumor showed that the clival marrow was equivalent to the peripheral marrow. The signal pattern of clival marrow on sagittal T1 weighted MR images was evaluated in four teenage female patients with AN complicated by hematological abnormalities. Although the clival marrow intensity should be uniformly high in teenagers, three patients, two with pancytopenia and one with leukopenia and anemia, exhibited homogenous low intensity. One patient who had leukopenia only and the highest body mass index, showed inhomogeneous low intensity. The signal changes returned to normal in all patients but one, who died before examination after 6–11 months, at which time the others had almost recovered their original weight and normal hemogram. T1 prolongation in the clival marrow represents bone marrow dysfunction and the inhomogeneity of the signal change may imply relative preservation of hematopoiesis and body fat composition. Lack of knowledge of this phenomenon may lead to diagnostic confusion with other marrow disorders on cranial MRI.
Long‐term ventilator‐assisted children in Japan: A national survey
Authors: SAKAKIHARA YOICHI , YAMANAKA TATSUHIRO , KAJII MOTOFUMI , KAMOSHITA SHIGEHIKO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOwing to improved technology and care for patients who need mechanical ventilation, the quality of life as well as the prognosis for long‐term ventilator‐assisted patients has improved significantly in recent years. However, the increased number of these patients has raised economic, ethical and medical problems. In order to assess the magnitude of these problems, we conducted the first nationwide survey on the status of long‐term ventilator‐assisted children in Japan.Questionnaires were mailed to 2524 pediatric departments at hospitals in Japan with more than 100 beds. At the time of the survey, 282 hospitals had 567 patients who had been ventilated for more than a month. Among these patients, 434 were younger than 20 years and had been ventilated for more than 3 months. The most common basic disorders were: various myopathies (n = 65), hypoxicischemic encephalopathy (n = 60), spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (Werdnig‐Hoffmann disease, n = 55), chronic lung disorders of prematurity (n = 21), Ondine's curse (n = 22), drowning (n = 17) and congenital heart diseases (n = 16). Of these 434 patients, only 61 were ventilated at home. Although home care was considered suitable for chronic ventilator patients by many pediatricians who responded to the survey, its realization has been hampered by the lack of a system and regulations to support it. The fact that many pediatricians in Japan have actively prolonged the life of Werdnig‐Hoffmann patients, from whom aggressive life saving measures have been withheld in most Western countries, has raised ethical as well as medical issues.
Gene therapy for metachromatic leukodystrophy
Authors: OHASHI TOYA , WATABE KAZUHIKO , SATO YUMI , SAITO IZUMU , BARRANGER JOHN A , MATALON REUBEN , ETO YOSHIKATSU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMetachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an inherited metabolic disease which is characterized by a deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ASA). This deficiency causes progressive accumulation of cerebroside sulfate in oligodendrocytes (OL) in the brain, resulting in dysmyelination. Approaches being developed by the authors to treating MLD are based on direct delivery of ASA genes into the brain. In the present report, it has been shown that the recombinant adenovirus (Adex 1SRLacZ) was able to transduce the OL very efficiently. Moreover, primary fibroblasts from MLD patients were exposed to recombinant adenovirus expressing the ASA gene (Adex1SRASA) and the cells expressed the transgene. The influence of overexpression of ASA on the activity of other sulfatases was also tested in fibroblasts from patients with MLD using a retrovirus vector (MFG‐ASA). It was demonstrated that the overexpression of ASA reduces the activity of various sulfatases by a small amount but does not induce an accumulation of glycosaminoglycan. These results indicate that the influence of ASA overexpression on other sulfatases is different from that of the N‐acetygalactosamine‐4‐sulfatase overexpression in a previous report. It was concluded that the correction of ASA deficiency by a recombinant adenovirus that potentially could be used to transfer the gene to the brain, and gene therapy for MLD based on gene transfer of the ASA gene to mutant cells will be feasible because the overexpression of ASA in cells does not lead to profound deficiency of other sulfatases or result in a new phenotype.
Relationships between clinical and histological profiles of non‐familial idiopathic neonatal hepatitis
Authors: NISHINOMIYA FUJIHIKO , ABUKAWA DAIKI , TAKADA GORO , TAZAWA YUSAKU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIdiopathic neonatal hepatitis (INH) is a syndrome characterized clinically and histologically but there is little information concerning the relationship between the clinical features and histological findings. In the present study, sixty‐two patients clinically diagnosed as non‐familial INH were histologically classified into four groups according to a provisional definition based on predominant lesions and examination of their clinical features. Patients of cholestasis (n = 23) and giant cell hepatitis (GCH, n = 21) were most frequent (37% and 33%, respectively), and patients of fatty liver (n = 10) and hepatitis (n = 8) were less common (16% and 13%). The GCH group showed a dominance of male, low birthweight, older and breast‐fed babies. The cholestasis group demonstrated a dominance of male, low birthweight, younger and bottle‐fed babies. The hepatitis group had the highest frequencies of high‐grade hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Fifty six cases completely recovered. Two died of hepatic failure in early infancy and four had chronic liver diseases at the age of 12 months. The fatty liver group had the worst outcome. Histological features in non‐familial INH were variable and typical giant cell hepatitis was seen in only one‐third of patients. Characteristic clinical features in each histologically classified group may suggest heterogenous etiologies underlying non‐familial INH.
Heart disease in Friedreich's ataxia: A clinical and echocardiographic study
Authors: GÜNAL NAZLIHAN , SARAÇLAR MUHSIN , ÖZKUTLU SÜHEYLA , ŞENOCAK FILIZ , TOPALOǦLU HALUK , KARAASLAN SEVIM 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTwelve patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FA) were evaluated clinically and echocardiographically for evidence of heart disease. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormal findings were discovered in eight (67%) and seven (58%) children, respectively. A high incidence of cardiac involvement is well known in FA cases. Although the patient number in the present study is small, the findings are consistent with those in the literature. The most common pathology was asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH), followed by concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (CLVH) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DC).
Ethanol resistive microbubble test: A modification of the stable microbubble test used to predict respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: CHO KAZUTOSHI , CHIDA SHOICHI , SASAKI MIKA , FUJIWARA TETSURO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe stable microbubble (SM) test on gastric aspirate obtained at birth proved useful in identifying infants who would develop respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This test involves only the count of stable microbubbles of ≤ 15 μm in diameter. Larger bubbles (> 15 μm in diameter) are not necessary for the test and may interfere with stable microbubble counting. The aims of the present study were to determine: (i) if larger bubbles could be selectively removed by adding ethanol, a potent bubble breaker; and (ii) if the predictive value of this modified test, the ethanol resistive microbubble (ERM) test, on the development of RDS was similar to that of the SM test. Varying amounts of different concentrations of ethanol‐water solutions were added to the top of the bubble crop generated by the SM test procedure, and the mean counts of stable microbubbles and larger bubbles in five regions were calculated. A volume of 10 μL of 47.5% ethanol was effective in defoaming larger bubbles generated by the SM test procedure without altering the stable microbubble counts. When concurrently performed on 43 samples of gastric aspirate obtained at birth from infants of less than 35 weeks gestation, the RDS predictive value of the ERM test was similar to that of the SM test. It was concluded that the ERM test may serve as an alternative to the SM test.
Relationship of feeding modality to clinical features in Japanese infants with idiopathic neonatal hepatitis of the non‐familial form
Authors: TAZAWA YUSAKU , NISHINOMIYA FUJIHIKO , ABUKAWA DAIKI , TAKADA GORO , KONNO TASUKE 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTo clarify the relationship between idiopathic neonatal hepatitis and feeding type, that is, formula‐milk feeding and breast‐milk feeding, the medical records of 100 patients (68 male and 32 female babies) with idiopathic neonatal hepatitis of non‐familial form referred to the medical centers of Akita University and Tohoku University during the past 18 years were reviewed. The patients were divided into two 9 year periods (1975–83 and 1984–92), and their clinical features were analyzed in terms of feeding type and sex. The number of patients enrolled decreased from 69 in the first half to 31 in the second half. The number of male patients dropped from 53 to 15, although the number of female patients (n = 16) remained the same in both 9 year periods. The frequency of formula‐milk feeding significantly decreased in the second half (42/69 to 6/31, P < 0.01). Compared with the expected numbers of patients in the second half, calculated on the changes in the live birth population and feeding modality between the two halves, the actually enrolled numbers of patients in the second half were less in both the male and the formula‐milk fed groups (× 0.35 and × 0.22), whereas the numbers of female and breast‐milk feeding groups were close to the expected values (× 1.26 and × 1.08). When sex and feeding modality were combined, the formula‐milk fed male group showed the lowest value (× 0.10), and the breast‐milk fed female group showed the highest value (× 2.85). In conclusion, feeding type, especially in combination with gender, might be one causative factor in the occurrence of idiopathic neonatal hepatitis.
The role of SRY in mammalian sex determination
Authors: FECHNER PATRICIA Y 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe gene SRY (sex determining region of the Y), located at the distal region of the short arm of the Y chromosome, is necessary for male sex determination in mammals. SRY initiates the cascade of steps necessary to form a testis from an undifferentiated gonad. The SRY gene encodes an HMG (High Mobility Group) protein which may act as a transcription factor by binding to double stranded DNA and then bending the DNA. Mutations in SRY have been identified in some subjects with 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis. However the role for other autosomal and X‐linked genes in testis determination is evident by the presence of a normal SRY gene in the majority of females with 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis and the lack of SRY in a minority of males with 46,XY maleness.
Sex determining gene on the X chromosome short arm: Dosage sensitive sex reversal
Authors: OGATA TSUTOMU , MATSUO NOBUTAKE 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe present review article summarizes current knowledge concerning the sex determining gene on Xp21, termed DSS (dosage sensitive sex reversal). The presence of DSS has been based on the finding that, in the presence of SRY, partial active Xp duplications encompassing the middle part of Xp result in sex reversal, whereas those of the distal or proximal part of Xp permit male sex development. Because Klinefelter patients develop as males, it is believed that DSS is normally subject to X‐inactivation, and that two active copies of DSS override the function of SRY, resulting in gonadal dysgenesis because of meiotic pairing failure. It may be possible that DSS encodes a target sequence for repressing function of SRY or that DSS is involved in an X chromosome‐counting mechanism. Molecular approaches have localized DSS to a 160 kb region and isolated candidate genes such as DAX‐1 and MAGE‐Xp, but there has been no formal evidence equating the candidate gene with DSS. In addition to its clinical importance, the exploration of DSS must provide a useful clue to phylogenetic studies of sex chromosomes and dosage compensation.
Continuous subcutaneous insulin injection for self‐care of young patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: KUNO TATEO , TASAKI HAKARU , MIYAZAKI SUMIO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractContinuous subcutaneous insulin injection was used for the self‐care of five patients aged 10–18 years with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. After an introduction to the concept and procedures for continuous subcutaneous injection, the patients soon became familiar with self‐care using an insulin pump at home and at school. Three months later, the control of blood glucose improved with smaller doses of insulin in four cases and milder hypoglycemia was observed compared to when using multiple injections. Significantly decreased variations and lowered means of early morning blood glucose values were observed and seemed to explain the reason for better glycemic control. Buffered regular insulin continuously injected by pumps brought a more stable nocturnal blood glucose level compared to isophane insulin injected at bedtime, the absorption of which seemed to vary considerably. On the contrary, unbuffered regular insulin injected by pumps brought frequent nocturnal hypoglycemia, sudden worsening of glycemic control and skin infections and thus, was deemed inadequate for continuous subcutaneous injection.
Clinico‐epidemiological features of infantile hydrocephalus in Japan
Authors: NAKASHIMA SACHIE , WATANABE KAZUYOSHI , NEGORO TAMIKO , AOKI KUNIO , KIKUCHI HARUHIKO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn 1988, a nationwide survey was conducted in Japan, in order to examine the prevalence and clinico‐epidemiological features of hydrocephalus that developed before 1 year of age. The study was based on questionnaires that were sent to all hospitals in Japan with more than 200 beds. There were 1435 patients who were eligible for the analysis. They were born before 1987 and diagnosed as having infantile hydrocephalus. Approximately two‐thirds of the patients had primary hydrocephalus. Neural tube defects were the most frequent cause of the primary hydrocephalus and common among full‐term infants. On the other hand, secondary hydrocephalus occurred more often in preterm infants, mainly following intracranial hemorrhage. Intracranial hemorrhage as a cause of hydrocephalus increased over the year, while the incidence of hydrocephalus secondary to intracranial infection decreased during the same period.
Developmental changes in electroencephalogram for term and preterm infants using an autoregressive model
Authors: SAWAGUCHI HIROTO , OGAWA TERUYUKI , TAKANO TOMOYUKI , SATO KEISUKE 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to clarify the developmental changes of electroencephalogram (EEG) background activity in term and preterm infants that take place with increasing conceptional age (CA) through an autoregressive (AR) model. Polygraphical EEG recordings were obtained from 76 healthy term and preterm infants with a CA ranging between 31 and 40 weeks. Decreases in total power and component power of δ were noted with CA during burst activity (BA) in quiet sleep (QS) and during active sleep (AS). Increases in total power and component power of δ were noted with CA during interburst interval activity (IBIA) of QS. Regression analysis (RA) of the information amount (IA) indicated a negative correlation with increasing CA in AS and in the monopolar EEG tracings Fp1, C3, O1 and O2 in BA, and a positive correlation in O1 in IBIA. Regression analysis of the IA of δ indicated a negative correlation with increasing CA in AS and in Fp1, C3, O1 and O2 in BA, and a positive correlation in O1 in IBIA. Regression analysis of the IA of δ indicated a negative correlation with increasing CA in BA and AS. These results showed that the high voltage slow wave component changed to a low voltage slow one with development in AS and that BA was longer in duration and lower in power with increasing CA, while IBIA was shorter in duration and higher in power. In conclusion, significant developmental changes occur in all derivatives of AS. Even though the EEG of BA and IBIA change separately, they are followed by EEG of QS in a continuous pattern.
Childhood asthma and atmospheric conditions
Authors: YÜKSEL HASAN , TANAÇ REMZİYE , TEZ ECE , DEMIR ESEN , ÇOKER MAHMUT 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBronchial asthma is the most common chronic respiratory illness in childhood. It is characterized by paroxysmal bronchospastic periods. There are many studies giving reasons to explain the bronchospasm periods. One of the reasons, atmospheric conditions, is effective in creating a clinical picture of asthmatic patients. In the present study, the correlation between atmospheric conditions and asthmatic symptoms in children was investigated using peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) as the respiratory function test. Twenty‐one children with bronchial asthma were monitored in the study. They were followed as outpatients of the Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pneumotology, between November 1993 and June 1994. Atmospheric conditions were recorded from the local meteorology center. Complaints and the PEFR of children were compared with the meteorological data. Asthmatic symptoms were increased by low temperatures in all asthmatic children. An increase was detected in the extrinsic group by relative humidity and ratio of cloud, but in the intrinsic group only by relative humidity.