bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral, inhaled, and intravenous antibiotic choice for treating pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Wagener Jeffrey S. , Rasouliyan Lawrence , VanDevanter Donald R. , Pasta David J. , Regelmann Warren E. , Morgan Wayne J. , Konstan Michael W. ,   for the Investigators and Coordinators of the Epidemiologic Study of Cystic Fibrosis
Published: August 2012

AbstractRationalePatients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience frequent pulmonary exacerbations (PExs). Clinicians manage these episodes of worsening signs and symptoms in a variety of ways.ObjectivesTo characterize the antibiotic management and associated change in lung function following PExs.MethodsWe used 2003–2005 data from the Epidemiologic Study of Cystic Fibrosis to examine antibiotic treatment and the immediate and long‐term lung function change associated with clinician reported PExs.ResultsA total of 45,374 PExs were reported in 13,194 unique patients. Most PExs (73%) were treated with oral antibiotics, while 39% were treated IV and 24% were treated with inhaled antibiotics. The likelihood of non‐IV versus IV antibiotic treatment was associated with the patient's age, stage of lung disease, and magnitude of lung function drop prior to the PEx. Following treatment, the average improvement in the FEV1 was 3.4 ± 12.2% predicted with a greater (5.1 ± 12.7% predicted) improvement following IV antibiotic treatment than with non‐IV treatment (2.0 ± 11.6% predicted). When the best FEV1 from the year before was compared with 180 days following the PEx there was an average fall of 3.8 ± 10.5% predicted with little difference observed between antibiotic treatment routes. Patients with only one exacerbation during the 3‐year study had a similar loss of lung function to patients with no reported exacerbations.ConclusionClinicians treat the majority of PExs with oral antibiotics, particularly in younger, healthier patients. Pulmonary function improves with antibiotic therapy, however, PExs are associated with lung function deterioration over time. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:666–673. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dependence of plasma treatment of ITO electrode films on electrical and optical properties of polymer light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Kim Seung Ho , Baek Seung Jun , Chang Young Chul , Chang Ho Jung 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPolymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) having indium tin oxide (ITO)/PEDOT:PSS [poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐polystyrene sulfonate]/PVK [poly‐vinylcarbazole]:PFO‐poss [poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) end capped by polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane]/TPBI [2,2',2”‐(1,3,5‐benzinetriyl)‐tris(1‐phenyl‐1‐H‐benzimidazole)]/LiF/Al structures were prepared on plasma‐treated ITO/glass substrates using spin‐coating and thermal evaporation methods. The effects of the plasma treatment on the ITO films to the optical and electrical properties of the PLEDs were examined. The sheet resistance of the ITO films decreased with an increasing radio frequency (RF) plasma intensity from 20 to 200 W under a 20 mTorr Ar + O2 gas (50:50 vol.%) pressure. The work function of the ITO films without plasma treatment was 4.97 eV, and increased to about 5.16–5.23 eV after the plasma treatment of the films. The surface roughness improved with increasing plasma intensities. The luminance and current efficiency of the PLEDs were improved when the devices were prepared on the plasma‐treated ITO/glass substrates. The maximum current density and luminance for the PLEDs was obtained at a 150‐W RF plasma intensity; they were 310 mA cm−2 and 2535 cd m−2 at 9 V, respectively. The Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates were found to be x, y = 0.17, 0.06–0.07, showing a good blue color.
Synthesis and characterization of organically linked ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Chory Christine , Riedel Ingo , Kruska Carsten , Heimbrodt Wolfram , Feser Clemens , Beenken Wichard J. D. , Hoppe Harald , Parisi Jürgen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe report on the solution‐based synthesis and characterization of three‐dimensional networks of ZnO nanoparticles where the formation of structures is achieved by covalently linking the nanocrystals with bifunctional organic ligands. The colloidal synthesis will be presented with application of two ligands that vary in size and binding sites. Furthermore we report on structural characterization of dried powders and thin films by means of X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy in order to examine the regularity of the structures. We also present first investigations of the optical properties and electrical conductance behavior in lateral direction of the differently linked hybrid ZnO networks.
Non‐periodic nanoscale templates by diffraction mask projection laser ablation
Authors: Mäder Marisa , Höche Thomas , Rauschenbach Bernd 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA route toward a top‐down fabrication of non‐periodically arranged substrate‐bound metal nanostructure arrays using mask projection laser ablation is presented. In the first step phase masks featuring non‐periodic patterns are fabricated by laser lithography and subsequent ion‐beam etching. It is shown that the geometry of the diffraction mask projection laser ablation (DiMPLA) setup plays a crucial role for the ability to transfer non‐periodic phase mask structures into arrangement of nanodots. The latter nanostructures, in the present case derived from an ultrathin Au film on a sapphire substrate, consist non‐periodically arranged gold nanodots. These dots are exemplarily used as templates for the growth of sculptured thin films (STFs) by glancing‐angle deposition (GLAD).magnified image
Light‐optical micrograph of square pattern diffraction mask with smaller and larger periodicities, respectively.
Layered Nanoprobe for Long‐Lasting Fluorescent Cell Label
Authors: Lee Seung Koo , Han Myung Shin , Tung Ching‐Hsuan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA long‐lasting particle‐based fluorescent label is designed for extended cell imaging studies. This onion‐like nanoprobe is constructed through layer‐by‐layer fabrication technology. The nanoprobes are assembled with multiple layers of optically quenched polyelectrolytes, the fluorescence signal of which can be released later by intracellular proteolysis. Upon incubation with cells, the assembled nanoprobes are taken up efficiently. The tight packing and layered assembly of the quenched polyelectrolytes slow subsequent intracellular degradation, and then result in a prolonged intracellular fluorescence signal for up to 3 weeks with no noticeable toxicity.
Microfabricated Nanotopological Surfaces for Study of Adhesion‐Dependent Cell Mechanosensitivity
Authors: Chen Weiqiang , Sun Yubing , Fu Jianping 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCells exhibit high sensitivity and diverse responses to the intrinsic nanotopography of the extracellular matrix through their nanoscale cellular sensing machinery. A simple microfabrication method for precise control and spatial patterning of the local nanoroughness on glass surfaces by using photolithography and reactive ion etching is reported. It is demonstrated that local nanoroughness as a biophysical cue could regulate a diverse array of NIH/3T3 fibroblast behaviors, including cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, migration, and cytoskeleton contractility. The capability to control and further predict cellular responses to nanoroughness might suggest novel methods for developing biomaterials mimicking nanotopographic structures in vivo for functional tissue engineering.
Stability of brackets and stiffeners in steel structures
Authors: Laustsen Bjarke , Nielsen M. P. , Hansen Thomas , Gath Jesper 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA special class of steel plates, called bracket plates, is commonly used for brackets and stiffeners. Designing these structural elements has proved to be a complex problem involving many parameters and different types of behaviour. The methods used for design are often conservative and simplified because the subject has received little attention. This paper attempts to shed light on the problem and develop a new and improved design method for triangular bracket plates, derived on the basis of a consistent theory. The new design method proposed is based on the theory of plasticity, practically the yield line theory. Using the new method to solve the buckling problem for bracket plates leads to a method that, compared with existing test results, supplies very good results.
Behaviour of steel‐to‐concrete joints
Authors: Ožbolt Ana , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Henriques José , da Silva Luís Simões 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper presents innovative solutions for connecting steel and composite beams to structural reinforced concrete walls, as developed within the RFCS research project “InFaSo”. Two types of joints were studied: pinned and moment‐resistant. The evaluation of the behaviour of the joints was performed experimentally and complemented by the development of analytical component‐based models. The comparison of the results revealed good agreement between models and experiments. The joints analysed were shown to be competitive solutions taking into account their structural performance, simplicity of modelling and execution.
Load‐bearing behaviour of high‐strength bolts in combined tension and shear
Authors: Renner Anja , Lange Jörg 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBolts were tested under different combinations of tension and shear in order to estimate how bolts generally behave in combined tension and shear, what influence the strength grade has and to be able to assess the validity of the old and new standard rules. To assure results that not only represent the behaviour of round steel, but of a bolt as such, a test setup was developed that ensured a construction situation as realistic as possible. The results of these tests are summarized in this paper.
Buckling of steel columns in fire: non‐linear behaviour and design proposal
Authors: Somaini Diego , Knobloch Markus , Fontana Mario 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn a fire the buckling strength of steel columns is heavily influenced by the distinctly non‐linear material behaviour of steel at elevated temperatures. A general analytical model that explicitly includes the non‐linear material behaviour is presented here and verified with full‐scale tests at elevated temperature. Based on test results and this general model, a new model for flexural buckling is developed which can be used to design slender columns and allows non‐linear stress–strain relationships, geometrical imperfections and load eccentricities to be considered. In addition, the model can be easily extended to include local cross‐section instabilities describing the interaction between local and global buckling phenomena.
A detailed methodology for the finite element analysis of asymmetric slim floor beams in fire
Authors: Maraveas Chrysanthos , Swailes Thomas , Wang Yong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present a detailed methodology for the three‐dimensional finite element analysis of asymmetric slim floor beams under fire conditions. A fully controlled solution process is suggested through a detailed step‐by‐step presentation of the simulation parameters incorporated into the model. Work has been carried out so that any asymmetric slim floor beam can be assessed using the same consistent method, which is validated against two reported fire tests. Time–temperature and time–vertical displacement curves are calculated for the appropriate comparisons with experimental results, which show that the proposed methodology can accurately predict the thermal and structural behaviour of such beams.
ALDH1A Isozymes are Markers of Human Melanoma Stem Cells and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Luo Yuchun , Dallaglio Katiuscia , Chen Ying , Robinson William A. , Robinson Steven E. , McCarter Martin D. , Wang Jianbin , Gonzalez Rene , Thompson David C. , Norris David A. , Roop Dennis R. , Vasiliou Vasilis , Fujita Mayumi 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Although the concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is well-accepted for many tumors, the existence of such cells in human melanoma has been the subject of debate. In this study, we demonstrate the existence of human melanoma cells that fulfill the criteria for CSCs (self-renewal and differentiation) by serially xenotransplanting cells into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. These cells possess high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity with ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 being the predominant ALDH isozymes. ALDH-positive melanoma cells are more tumorigenic than ALDH-negative cells in both NOD/SCID mice and NSG mice. Biological analyses of the ALDH-positive melanoma cells reveal the ALDH isozymes to be key molecules regulating the function of these cells. Silencing ALDH1A by siRNA or shRNA leads to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, decreased cell viability in vitro, and reduced tumorigenesis in vivo. ALDH-positive melanoma cells are more resistant to chemotherapeutic agents and silencing ALDH1A by siRNA sensitizes melanoma cells to drug-induced cell death. Furthermore, we, for the first time, examined the molecular signatures of ALDH-positive CSCs from patient-derived tumor specimens. The signatures of melanoma CSCs include retinoic acid (RA)-driven target genes with RA response elements and genes associated with stem cell function. These findings implicate that ALDH isozymes are not only biomarkers of CSCs but also attractive therapeutic targets for human melanoma. Further investigation of these isozymes and genes will enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing CSCs and reveal new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention of cancer.
Regulation and Expression of the ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter ABCG2 in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Padmanabhan Raji , Chen Kevin G. , Gillet Jean-Pierre , Handley Misty , Mallon Barbara S. , Hamilton Rebecca S. , Park Kyeyoon , Varma Sudhir , Mehaffey Michele G. , Robey Pamela G. , McKay Ronald D. G. , Gottesman Michael M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The expression and function of several multidrug transporters (including ABCB1 and ABCG2) have been studied in human cancer cells and in mouse and human adult stem cells. However, the expression of ABCG2 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) remains unclear. Limited and contradictory results in the literature from two research groups have raised questions regarding its expression and function. In this study, we used quantitative real-time PCR, Northern blots, whole genome RNA sequencing, Western blots, and immunofluorescence microscopy to study ABCG2 expression in hESCs. We found that full-length ABCG2 mRNA transcripts are expressed in undifferentiated hESC lines. However, ABCG2 protein was undetectable even under embryoid body differentiation or cytotoxic drug induction. Moreover, surface ABCG2 protein was coexpressed with the differentiation marker stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 of hESCs, following constant BMP-4 signaling at days 4 and 6. This expression was tightly correlated with the downregulation of two microRNAs (miRNAs) (i.e., hsa-miR-519c and hsa-miR-520h). Transfection of miRNA mimics and inhibitors of these two miRNAs confirmed their direct involvement in the regulation ABCG2 translation. Our findings clarify the controversy regarding the expression of the ABCG2 gene and also provide new insights into translational control of the expression of membrane transporter mRNAs by miRNAs in hESCs.
Microarray comparative genomic hybridization in prenatal diagnosis: a review
Authors: Hillman S. C. , Mcmullan D. J. , Williams D. , Maher E. R. , Kilby M. D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractG‐band chromosomal karyotyping of fetal cells obtained by invasive prenatal testing has been used since the 1960s to identify structural chromosomal anomalies. Prenatal testing is usually performed in response to parental request, increased risk of fetal chromosomal abnormality associated with advanced maternal age, a high‐risk screening test and/or the presence of a congenital malformation identified by ultrasonography. The results of karyotyping may inform the long‐term prognosis (e.g. aneuploidy being associated with a poor outcome or microscopic chromosomal anomalies predicting global neurodevelopmental morbidity). Relatively recent advances in microarray technology are now enabling high‐resolution genome‐wide evaluation for DNA copy number abnormalities (e.g. deletions or duplications). While such technological advances promise increased sensitivity and specificity they can also pose difficult challenges of interpretation and clinical management. This review aims to give interested clinicians without an extensive prior knowledge of microarray technology, an overview of its use in prenatal diagnosis, the literature to date, advantages, potential pitfalls and experience from our own tertiary center. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cannabinoid receptors and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Tanveer Riffat , McGuinness Niamh , Daniel Stephanie , Gowran Aoife , Campbell Veronica A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders carry a significant social and economic burden, and the effective treatment of such illnesses remains a challenge for neuroscientists and neurologists. Although significant advances have been made on our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases, the translation of this knowledge into effective therapeutic treatments has been limited. There is still a dearth of curative treatments for most neurodegenerative disorders, with symptomatic relief being the principal target for drug action. Endocannabinoids belong to an evolutionary conserved neuro‐signaling system and certain endogenous and exogenous components of this system are emerging as clinically promising neuroprotective agents due to their anti‐oxidative, anti‐excitotoxic, and anti‐inflammatory properties. The cannabinoid system is, therefore, a potential target for several neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Research on the therapeutic potential of drugs that modulate endogenous cannabinoid tone is intense. Recent evidence implicates the endocannabinoid system as a potential pharmacological target to circumvent neurodegenerative disease pathology. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:633–639. doi: 10.1002/wmts.64For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Isolation of an extremely acidophilic and highly efficient strain Acidithiobacillus sp. for chalcopyrite bioleaching
Authors: Feng Shoushuai , Yang Hailin , Xin Yu , Zhang Ling , Kang Wenliang , Wang Wu 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
An extremely acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium was isolated from an industrial-scale bioheap of the Zijinshan copper mine and was named ZJJN. A tuft of flagella and a layer of thick capsule outside the cell envelope were clearly observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which might be closely related to the extremely acid-proof capacity of ZJJN cells in the bioleaching system; 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) phylogeny showed that the isolated strain was highly homologous to the genera of Acidithiobacillus. The optimum temperature of ZJJN was determined at 30 °C and pH at 1.0. It was capable of growth at even pH 0. Strain ZJJN can utilize reduced sulfur as an energy source but not with organics or ferrous ion. Strain ZJJN was sensitive to all antibiotics with different concentrations; when it showed a certain resistance to different concentrations of Cu2+. In the mixed strains of ZJJN and A. ferrooxidans system (initial pH 1.0), the copper-leaching efficiency was up to 60.1 %, which was far higher than other systems. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that less jarosite precipitation was produced in the most efficient system. The extremely acidophilic strain ZJJN would be of great potential in the application of chalcopyrite bioleaching.
Global Dynamics of the MLT
Authors: Smith Anne K. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The transition between the middle atmosphere and the thermosphere is known as the MLT region (for mesosphere and lower thermosphere). This area has some characteristics that set it apart from other regions of the atmosphere. Most notably, it is the altitude region with the lowest overall temperature and has the unique characteristic that the temperature is much lower in summer than in winter. The summer-to-winter-temperature gradient is the result of adiabatic cooling and warming associated with a vigorous circulation driven primarily by gravity waves. Tides and planetary waves also contribute to the circulation and to the large dynamical variability in the MLT. The past decade has seen much progress in describing and understanding the dynamics of the MLT and the interactions of dynamics with chemistry and radiation. This review describes recent observations and numerical modeling as they relate to understanding the dynamical processes that control the MLT and its variability. Results from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), which is a comprehensive high-top general circulation model with interactive chemistry, are used to illustrate the dynamical processes. Selected observations from the Sounding the Atmosphere with Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument are shown for comparison. WACCM simulations of MLT dynamics have some differences with observations. These differences and other questions and discrepancies described in recent papers point to a number of ongoing uncertainties about the MLT dynamical system.
Impact of hydrology and effluent quality on the management of woodchip pads for overwintering cattle. I. Development of monitoring methodology and sampling strategies
Authors: JACKSON D. R. , SMITH K. A. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYWoodchip pads can be a sustainable alternative to the overwintering of stock on grassland or in conventional housing and can offer benefits in improved animal performance, improved health and environmentally sustainable options for the management of animal excreta (dung, urine and the resulting effluent). Novel flow measuring equipment was developed to monitor effluent drainage from two woodchip pads sited on commercial farms in the UK, one in Powys (Wales, UK) and the other in Leicestershire (England, UK). Observations were made over 8 months in 2009/10. The aim was to assess both hydrological characteristics and nutrient fluxes. Flow monitoring, based on the use of tipping bucket or the principles of an overshot water wheel, was required to be capable of diverting a sample into a storage tank for sub-sampling and subsequent analysis. Estimates of pad outputs through evaporation and sub-surface drainage accounted for 0·98–1·01 of total inputs from precipitation and animal excreta, with evaporation and pad drainage representing 0·47–0·63 and 0·34–0·51 of total inputs, respectively. The resulting scientific information is of value in the synthesis of guidelines for design, construction and management of woodchip pads. Detailed analysis of flow and precipitation data, coupled with column absorption studies to evaluate moisture retention in the woodchip matrix, were used to consider the development of modelling approaches, with the potential to predict drainage outputs across a range of geographical, weather and pad management situations.