bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participation in Daily Living Tasks Among Older Adults With Fear of Falling
Authors: Murphy Susan , Tickle-Degnen Linda 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Objective. This study investigated patterns of participation in daily living tasks by older adults with fear of falling. The relationship between reported participation in a broad set of daily living tasks and the risk of falling involved in task performance—or activity-related risk—as judged by occupational therapists was examined. Further, several characteristics of older adults that have been associated with fear of falling were examined to determine which older adults had patterns of participation most strongly associated with the activity-related risk.
Method. Thirty-eight occupational therapists were surveyed and asked to judge the activity-related risk in performing specific daily living tasks. Additional data were obtained from 339 older adults with fear of falling who participated in a previous study on the effectiveness of an intervention to reduce fear of falling. Older adults’ participation in daily living tasks as measured by items of the Sickness Impact Profile was correlated with the judgments of activity-related risk controlling for potential confounding factors. Univariate regression analyses and t tests were used to determine whether several characteristics of older adults were associated with the relationship between participation and activity-related risk.
Results. Small to moderate significant relationships were found between older adults’ participation in daily living tasks and the activity-related risk as judged by occupational therapists (r = −.25, p &lt; .0001). Older adults with the lowest confidence in ability regarding falls had the strongest relationships.
Conclusion. Activity-related risk is an aspect of daily living tasks that relates to participation in activities by older adults with fear of falling. Knowledge of the activity-related risk involved in daily living tasks can be used to facilitate occupational performance in clients with fear of falling and associated activity restriction.
Describing and Predicting the Possession of Assistive Devices Among Persons With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Finlayson Marcia , Guglielmello Leslie , Liefer Kathryn 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Objective. This study describes the types of assistive devices in the possession of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and identifies factors that best predicted the probability of possessing these devices.
Method. A secondary analysis using frequency distributions and logistic regression of existing cross-sectional data was completed. Data were from an anonymous mail survey of members of the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada (Atlantic Division) (N = 906).
Results. Mobility aids and grab bars were the most commonly reported assistive devices. Seeing an occupational therapist, not working, having a progressive type of MS, having more activity limitations and more symptoms, and having MS for a longer period were found to increase the probability of possessing assistive devices.
Conclusion. The descriptive results of this study are similar to studies of assistive technology use by older adults and persons with other chronic conditions. Type of MS and seeing an occupational therapist were the two strongest predictors of possessing assistive devices among respondents.
The Effect of Contextual Relevance on Motor Skill Transfer
Authors: Ferguson Matthew C. , Rice Martin S. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether practicing a complex self-care occupation in a contextually relevant environment would enhance the learning and transfer of skill.
Method. The design consisted of an acquisition phase, a rest period, and a transfer phase. Fifty-six women were recruited for this study and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) a contextually relevant (CR) group that practiced tying a necktie knot onto a mannequin, (b) a non-contextually relevant (NCR) group that practiced tying the same type of knot with a rope onto a wooden pole, and (c) a control group that did not practice at all during the acquisition phase. Participants in all three groups tied a necktie onto themselves during the transfer phase. Dependent variables were movement time, movement units, and the quality of the necktie knot.
Results. No difference in the rate of performance change was found during the acquisition phase between the CR and NCR groups. The difference among the CR, NCR, and control groups’ initial transfer phase performance was near significance for movement time and movement units. A significant difference in the rate of performance change was found among the three groups in movement time and movement units during the transfer phase but not in the quality of necktie knot measures.
Conclusion. The degree of similarity during the acquisition of a dressing skill may influence the rate of performance improvement in a similar dressing skill during a transfer phase. Until further research has been established, generalization of these results to special populations should be done conservatively.
Physical Properties of Short-Stretch Compression Bandages Used To Treat Lymphedema
Authors: King Theodore I. , Droessler Jessica L. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This study examined the physical properties of six common brands of short-stretch compression bandages used to treat lymphedema. The physical properties examined were (a) maintenance of pressure over a 12-hr period, (b) variability of pressure across the width of the bandages, and (c) variability of pressure when the bandages were wrapped with a 50% overlap. The results of the study indicate that all six brands of bandages tested maintain pressure well over a 12-hr period. Each has a variance of pressure between the middle and edge of the bandage, with the edges measuring (in mmHg) between 6% and 28% lower than the middle. When the bandages were wrapped with an 50% overlap, all six brands measured fairly consistently in pressure readings (in mmHg) across the width. These results indicate that the six brands of short-stretch compression bandages tested have similar physical characteristics.
Using a Head-Mounted Video Camera To Study Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Unsworth Carolyn A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Studies of clinical reasoning are essential if we are to extend our knowledge of occupational therapy practice, better communicate our work to clients and colleagues, and reveal to our students the nuances of therapy that cannot be gained from texts. However, accessing therapists’ clinical reasoning is not an easy task because these cognitive processes can be studied only indirectly. The aim of this article is to promote the study of clinical reasoning by reviewing a new approach to data collection in this field. To achieve this purpose, the article outlines current data collection methods, such as the think-aloud method written notes, free recall, and audio-assisted and video-assisted recall. A novel method involving a head-mounted video camera is described, and details are provided on a modified approach to debriefing using video-assisted recall. Anecdotes from the author’s experience of using this technology illustrate the text.
Prediction of School Performance Using the Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (MAP): A Validity Study
Authors: Parush Shula , Winokur Monica , Goldstand Sarina , Miller Lucy Jane 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of the Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (MAP) to predict academic performance of Israeli preschoolers after a period of 5 to 7 years.
METHOD. Thirty children who were classified according to the MAP as preschoolers at risk (n = 15) and not at risk (n = 15) for pre-academic problems were tracked after 5 to 7 years. Follow-up evaluations were done on motor, visual-motor integrative, and cognitive performance components; reading and handwriting academic performance areas; and a variety of measures taken to establish overall school functional status.
RESULTS. Results indicate that children classified by the MAP as preschoolers at risk performed significantly worse 5 to 7 years later on visual-motor, cognitive, and reading and handwriting tests than those preschoolers classified not at risk and demonstrated reduced overall school functional status.
CONCLUSION. The findings indicate that the MAP can predict academic performance even over a 5-year to 7-year interval. Furthermore, by linking academic performance data to performance components of children in different cultures, our investigation contributes to the overall understanding of children’s functioning.
Shifts in Parent–Therapist Partnerships: Twelve Years of Change
Authors: Hinojosa Jim , Sproat Christine T. , Mankhetwit Supawadee , Anderson Jill 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. A national survey was conducted to identify occupational therapists’ current attitudes and values in their working relationships with parents of preschool children with developmental disabilities. This study replicated a 1987 national survey that examined therapists’ relationships with parents of preschool children with cerebral palsy.
METHOD. Surveys were sent to a random sample of 400 therapists, with 199 returned from respondents who identified themselves as working with preschool children with developmental disabilities. After calculating descriptive statistics for each item in the survey, a one-way analysis of variance was performed to test for differences based on four demographic variables.
RESULTS. Respondents reported that working with parents, more than any other aspect of intervention, had the greatest impact on the progress of a child with disabilities. Consistent with the 1987 survey, respondents believed that parents focus on their own adjustment to their child’s disability as well as on their child’s progress more than any other issues. Therapists continue to report satisfaction when generating positive change for child and parent through education and use of clinical knowledge and skill.
CONCLUSION. Results suggest that efforts to foster family-centered intervention in occupational therapy educational programs are increasing therapists’ confidence and skills in working with parents of children with disabilities. Implications for occupational therapy practice and education include a need for therapists to expand their knowledge and expertise in working effectively with vulnerable families. Educators need to focus on teaching strategies not only to refine the role of occupational therapy as a direct treatment provider, but also to incorporate creative ways to deal with the psychosocial issues of parents and families.
The Relationship of Infant Sleep and Play Positioning to Motor Milestone Achievement
Authors: Salls Joyce S. , Silverman Lyn N. , Gatty Carolyn M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Limited information is available on how sleep and play positions affect infant gross motor skills and occupational development. The overall objective of this descriptive developmental pilot study was to compare normative and sampled infants relative to sleep and awake positioning using the Denver II Gross Motor Sector.
METHOD. A cross-sectional sample of 66 infants 2.0 (n = 23), 4.1 (n = 26), and 6.0 (n = 17) months of age were administered the Denver II Gross Motor Sector. Caregivers identified infants’ primary sleep positions and amount of awake-time in prone. Data were analyzed using chi-square goodness-of-fit tests.
RESULTS. The sample of 2.0-month-old supine and side sleeping infants differed significantly from the normative population on three gross motor milestones. Two-month-old infants spending 15 min or fewer of awake-time in prone passed the gross motor milestones at significantly lower percentages than the normative population. No significant differences were noted between sampled and normative populations at 4.1 and 6.0 months of age.
CONCLUSION. Results suggest that infant gross motor development may be related to sleep and play positioning. Information regarding infants’ sleep and awake positioning may be important to occupational therapists when evaluating gross motor development. Implications for caregiver education and future research are proposed.
Handling of Particulate Solids
Authors: Feise Hermann J. , Letzelter Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.History3.Characterization of Bulk Solids3.1.Particle Properties3.2.Bulk Solids Properties3.2.1.Bulk Solids Density3.2.2.Angle of Repose3.2.3.Angle of Slide3.2.4.Wall Friction3.2.5.Internal Friction3.2.6.Flow Properties3.2.7.Lateral Stress Ratio3.2.8.Fluidization Properties4.Storage of Bulk Solids4.1.Flow Patterns in Silos4.2.Flow Problems4.3.Caking of Bulk Solids4.3.1.Significance of Time Consolidation4.3.2.Caking Mechanisms4.3.3.Formation of Solid Bridges4.3.4.Solutions to Caking Problems4.4.Stress Patterns4.5.Janssen Equation4.6.Silo Design4.6.1.Hopper Design4.6.2.Outlet Design4.6.3.Silo Shapes4.6.4.Design Standards5.Transport of Bulk Solids5.1.Selection of a Transportation System5.2.Pneumatic Conveying5.2.1.State Diagram of Pneumatic Conveying5.2.2.Estimation of Pressure Drop5.2.3.Basic Components of a Pneumatic Conveying System5.2.4.Classification of Pneumatic Conveying Systems5.3.Mechanical Conveying5.3.1.Screw Conveyors and Screw Feeder5.3.2.Belt Conveyors5.3.3.Vibratory Conveyors5.3.4.Elevators5.3.5.En Masse Conveyors5.3.6.Apron Feeders5.3.7.Rotary Table Feeders5.4.Hydraulic Conveying5.4.1.Classification of Slurries5.4.2.Principles of Design Calculations5.4.3.Pump Selection5.5.Dosing of Bulk Solids5.5.1.Volumetric Feeders5.5.2.Gravimetric Feeders5.5.3.Mass Flow Measurement6.Acknowledgements
Continuous Mixing of Fluids
Authors: Kraume Matthias , Merz Cornelia , Henzler Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Basic Concepts2.1.Scales of Mixing2.2.Definitions of the Degree of Mixing2.3.Description of the Mixing Process2.4.Required Power Input3.Mixing in Pipes3.1.Mixing Properties3.2.Pressure Drop4.Jet Mixers4.1.Mixing Properties4.2.Configurations of Jet Inlets5.Static Mixers5.1.Mixing Properties5.2.Pressure Drop6Micromixers6.1.Classification6.2.Operation Ranges of Micromixers7.Dynamic Mixers7.1.Mixing Properties7.2Power Requirements8.Residence Time Distribution9.Mixing of Non‐Newtonian Fluids9.1.Mixing Behavior9.2.Pressure Drop for Non‐Newtonian Fluids9.3.Power Requirements of Dynamic Mixers10.Selection and Comparison of Continuous Mixers10.1.Parameters for Energetic Comparison10.2.Energetic Comparison
Fearscapes: Caracas Postcards from a Violent City
Authors: Kairuz Eduardo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVenezuelan architect, artist and educator Eduardo Kairuz reveals how beneath the stereotypical view of Caracas as the ‘Murder Capital of the World’ lies a history of savage imposition, dating back to its founding in the 16th century and its colonial past and manifested today in the stark social segregation between parts of the city. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Very Mark of Repression: The Demolition Theatre of the Palast der Republik and the New Schloss Berlin
Authors: La Khadija Caroll 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBuilt on the site of the Imperial Palace in East Berlin, the Palast der Republik was erected by the Soviets in 1976 as a direct expression of their power. As new plans are afoot for a replacement institution on the site of the demolished palast, Khadija Carroll La traces ‘the traumatic process of becoming, of construction, destruction and theatrical re‐enactment’. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the high‐density polyethylene extrusion: Numerical, analytical and experimental modeling
Authors: Mamalis A. G. , Spentzas K. N. , Kouzilos G. , Theodorakopoulos I. , Pantelelis N. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA three‐dimensional numerical model was developed to investigate the nonisothermal, non‐Newtonian polymer flow through a cone cylindrical die used in the HDPE (high‐density polyethylene) extrusion process. The numerical model was based on the computational fluid dynamics code COMSOL 3.4 the finite element method, and it was used to calculate pressure, flow, and temperature distributions in a cone cylindrical die used for industrial‐scale extrusion of an HDPE rod. The model also accounted for viscous heating. In addition, pressure and temperature data were derived using an analytical solution. The numerical approach agrees fairly well with the experimental data recorded during the extrusion process of the material. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 29:173–184, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary. DOI 10.1002/adv.20185
Nanofilled polyethersulfone as matrix for continuous glass fibers composites: Mechanical properties and solvent resistance
Authors: Aurilia M. , Sorrentino L. , Sanguigno L. , Iannace S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPolyethersulfone (PES) is high performance thermoplastic polymer; however, its applications are limited by the poor resistance to several classes of solvents. Fumed silica and expanded graphite nanoparticles were used to prepare nanofilled PES by a melt‐compounding technique with the view to improve the barrier properties. Solvent uptake at equilibrium and solvents resistance of nanofilled PES compounds were investigated by three different methodologies: (1) weight increase by methylene chloride absorption in a vapor‐saturated atmosphere, (2) solvent uptake of acetone at equilibrium, and (3) decay of storage modulus induced by acetone diffusion. The storage modulus decay was measured by means of dynamic mechanical analysis on samples immersed in an acetone bath. The collected data were fitted to an ad hoc model to calculate the diffusion coefficient. The produced nanofilled PES showed a significant improvement in barrier properties and considerable reduction in acetone uptake at equilibrium, in comparison with the neat PES. Nanofilled PES compounds were also used to produce continuous glass fiber composites by the film‐stacking manufacturing technique. The composites exhibited, by and large, improvements in flexural and shear strength. Their solvent resistance was evaluated by measuring the variation of mechanical properties after exposure to acetone for 1 and 5 days. These tests showed that the composites produced with the nanocomposite matrix did not exhibit higher solvent resistance than those prepared with neat PES, probably because of the deterioration of the fiber/nanocomposite‐matrix interfacial bond in the wet state. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 29:146–160, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary. DOI 10.1002/adv.20187
A property‐based approach to the synthesis of material conservation networks with economic and environmental objectives
Authors: Ponce‐Ortega José María , Mosqueda‐Jiménez Francisco Waldemar , Serna‐González Medardo , Jiménez‐Gutiérrez Arturo , El‐Halwagi Mahmoud M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article presents a multiobjective optimization model for the recycle and reuse networks based on properties while accounting for the environmental implications of the discharged wastes using life‐cycle assessment. The economic objective function considers fresh sources and treatment costs, whereas the environmental objective function is measured through the eco‐indicator 99. The model considers constraints in the process sinks as well as in the environment based on stream properties such as pH, chemical oxygen demand, toxicity, density, and color, in addition to the composition of the waste streams. A global optimization procedure is developed by indirectly tackling properties through property operators and by segregating the process streams before treatment. Three examples are included, and the results show that it is possible to consider simultaneously the trade‐offs between the total annual costs and the overall environmental impact using the proposed methodology. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Generalized LIQUAC model for the single‐ and mixed‐solvent strong electrolyte systems
Authors: Li Mi‐Yi , Wang Li‐Sheng , Jiang Bo , Gmehling Jürgen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA generalized strong electrolyte LIQUAC model is presented to describe the vapor–liquid equilibria, osmotic coefficients, mean ion activity coefficients, and solid–liquid equilibria for the single‐ and mixed‐solvent electrolyte systems over the entire concentration range from infinite dilution to saturated solutions. An appropriate reference state for the ions was first applied to test the capability of the model in simultaneously describing the mean ion activity coefficients and the solubility of a salt in a binary solvent mixture. The influence of salt on the vapor–liquid equilibrium behavior is predicted with the new correlated parameters. The generalized activity coefficient formulations are presented through the investigation of thermodynamic properties and phase phenomena in the single‐ and mixed‐solvent electrolyte systems. This work is a continuous study for the LIQUAC activity coefficient model. A reliable representation of the single‐ and mixed‐solvent salt solutions is obtained. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Construction of an ab initio kinetic model for industrial ethane pyrolysis
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Saeys Mark 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe industrial steam cracking of ethane was simulated using an ab initio kinetic model. The reaction network consists of 20 species and 150 reversible elementary reactions. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were obtained from ab initio CBS‐QB3 and W1U calculations and agree well with available experimental data. Predicted C2H6, C2H4, and H2 yields are within 5% of experimental data for the three sets of conditions tested. Though CH4 yields and outlet temperatures are particularly sensitive to the accuracy of the kinetic parameters, they are simulated with an accuracy of better than 10%. Larger deviations for the C3H6 and C2H2 yields are attributed to the limited size of the reaction network. The effect of total pressure on the rate coefficients was evaluated using Quantum Rice‐Ramsberger‐Kassel theory with the Modified Strong‐Collision approximation, and was found to be relatively minor for the reaction conditions tested. This study hence demonstrates the feasibility of simulating complex radical reactions using a predictive kinetic model derived from state‐of‐the‐art quantum chemical calculations. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011