bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A111: Sweetened beverages, sweetened foods, glycemic load, and breast cancer recurrence
Authors: Thomson Cynthia A. , Rock Cheryl R. , Patterson Ruth E. , Flatt Shirley W. , Ritenbaugh Cheryl , Newman Vicky A. , Cussler Ellen , Pierce John P. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Background: The role of sweetened food and beverage intake in breast cancer recurrence has been largely unexplored despite mechanistic evidence that these dietary factors may be associated with elevated glycemic load, insulin levels and proinflammatory response.
Objective: To assess risk for recurrent or a new primary breast cancer event among 2832 breast cancer survivors enrolled in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Study in relation to baseline sweetened beverage and sweetened food intakes and glycemic index/glycemic load. Design: Prospective sub-group analysis of dietary GI, GL, white bread/rolls/crackers, sweet food and sweetened beverage intakes, as assessed using the Arizona Food Frequency Questionnaire (AFFQ), and new breast cancer events (N=471). Descriptive statistics and Cox regression analysis, adjusted for confounding variables, were performed to assess hazard ratio for recurrence risk by dietary exposure.
Results: Study subjects consumed, on average, 281.7±111.4 g/d carbohydrate (CHO) and 25.2±12.3 g/d of dietary fiber and had an estimated GL of 129.5±52.2.While GI and GL were not significantly associated with breast cancer events, postmenopausal women who reported a higher intake of sweetened beverages demonstrated a significant elevation in risk for recurrent disease (HR 1.46; 95% CI,1.07–1.98). Intake of sweetened beverages was greater among minority women and was associated with higher body mass index and lower reported physical activity suggesting sweetened beverage intake may be a surrogate of other risk factors.
Conclusions: High intake of sweetened beverages, including carbonated beverages and sweetened fruit drinks, is associated with an increased risk for breast cancer recurrence among postmenopausal women previously treated for early stage disease.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A111.
Abstract A113: Toenail selenium and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes: The Netherlands Cohort Study
Authors: Steevens Jessie , van den Brandt Piet A. , Alexandra Goldbohm R. , Schouten Leo J. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Selenium may protect against the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). Only in very few studies have the associations with ESCC and GCA been investigated, and no epidemiologic studies exist on EAC.
Methods: We studied the association between selenium and risk of ESCC, EAC, and GCA within the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study, conducted among 120,852 men and women aged 55–69 years at baseline. In September 1986, the cohort members completed a questionnaire on risk factors for cancer and provided toenail clippings for determination of baseline selenium status. After 16.3 years of follow-up, 64 ESCC, 112 EAC, and 114 GCA cases and 2072 subcohort members with toenail selenium data were available for case-cohort analysis. Incidence rate ratios (RR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results: In multivariable analyses of selenium status, we found an inverse association with ESCC (RR quartile 4 versus quartile 1 0.37, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.16–0.86), and a borderline significant inverse association with GCA (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.27–1.02). No overall association was observed for EAC (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.41–1.40), although results suggested an inverse association in women. Stratified analyses showed stronger associations in never smokers, and (only for EAC) in subjects with a low antioxidant intake.
Conclusions: This prospective study supports an inverse association between toenail selenium and risk of ESCC and GCA and suggests an inverse association with risk of EAC in subgroups (women, never smokers, and low antioxidant consumers). These associations need confirmation.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A113.
Abstract A119: Effect of weight-bearing exercise on circulating biomarkers in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Bea Jennifer W. , Thomson Cynthia , May Melissa , Nardi Emily , Frey Georgette , Stopeck Alison , Thompson Patricia 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Breast cancer patients generally demonstrate a gain in body fat mass accompanied by loss of lean mass (i.e. muscle) during cancer therapy (Demark-Wahnefried et al, J. Clin Oncol, 2001). These changes may lead to adverse metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate changes in metabolic, inflammatory, and growth factor biomarkers among breast cancer survivors following 8 weeks of supervised resistance training combined with self-reported cardiovascular training. No diet or weight loss component was included in the intervention.
Twenty-seven breast cancer survivors (78.3% Caucasian, mean age 56.5 ± 8.1 yrs, mean BMI 29.8 ± 4.4kg/m2) who were on average 5 years post-cancer treatment were recruited to participate in a prospective behavioral intervention trial to test the hypothesis that weight bearing activity including stretching, resistance, balance, and aerobic training would improve select metabolic and inflammatory indicators over an 8 week period. Height, weight, body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), fasting plasma glucose, insulin, IL-6, CRP, IL-1Ra, and IGF-1 were measured at baseline and 8 weeks. IL-6, IL-1Ra and IGF-1 were analyzed using high sensitivity ELISA and glucose was measured by a glucose oxidase-peroxide reaction; insulin and CRP testing were performed by the local hospital clinical laboratory. The homeostasis model of insulin resistance was computed (HOMA-IR) from glucose and insulin values.
Eighty-one percent of the sample completed the 8-week intervention. Among completers (n=22) there was no significant change in body weight. Inflammatory response, as assessed using IL-1Ra, was improved (76.75 ± 161.39, p&lt;0.05), however, there was no significant change in IL-6 or CRP. IGF-1 and HOMA-IR also remained unchanged.
Breast cancer survivors participating in a pilot, short-term structured physical activity intervention targeting resistance training, in the absence of diet or weight change, demonstrated a significant improvement in the anti-inflammatory biomarker IL-1Ra without concomitant increases in pro-inflammatory biomarkers, IL-6 and CRP. Larger studies with sufficient sample size to detect statistically significant differences should be pursued; combining structured exercise with diet to support weight reduction may also be superior and should be evaluated.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A119.
Abstract A122: Genetic variation in selenoprotein P, selenium levels, and prostate cancer risk and survival
Authors: Penney Kathryn L. , Li Haojie , Mucci Lorelei A. , Morris J. Steven , Sesso Howard D. , Stampfer Meir J. , Ma Jing 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Background: Selenoprotein P (SelP) is the most common selenoprotein in serum and delivers selenium around the body, carrying up to ten selenocysteine residues per polypeptide. Antioxidants such as selenium may decrease the risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa). One study observed that serum SelP levels were lower in PCa cases than in controls while another found the expression of the gene, SEPP1, decreased with progression from normal prostate tissue to carcinoma to metastatic disease. Genetic variation in SEPP1 may also influence PCa risk or progression, or may modify the effects of selenium. We examined the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SEPP1 with PCa risk and survival, and tested for interactions with plasma selenium levels.
Methods: The Physicians' Health Study (PHS) is a prospective cohort of 22,071 US physicians, of whom 2,584 were diagnosed with PCa between 1982 and 2005. Blood was collected from 68% of participants at baseline. We used a nested case-control study of 1,352 PCa cases and 1,382 controls matched on age, smoking status, and follow-up time; analyses were restricted to Caucasians. Using the HapMap database, we selected 5 SNPs to capture variation with a minor allele frequency &gt;5% within SEPP1 and 5 kb up- and downstream. Four SNPs had high genotyping success (92–97%); the other failed genotyping, however, it tagged only itself so did not reduce the coverage. The incidence analysis used unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for matching factors. For survival analysis, individuals were censored at death or the end of follow-up; PCa deaths or metastases were considered lethal events (n=191). Plasma selenium levels were measured on 805 cases and 549 controls.
Results: Two of the four SNPs were significantly associated with risk of incident PCa. For rs11959466, each additional T allele significantly increased the risk of PCa (odds ratio (OR)=1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.69; ptrend=0.03), while for rs13168440, the minor allele homozygote genotype (CC) was associated with a decreased risk compared to the homozygote TT referent (OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.96). Moreover, there was a significant interaction of rs13168440 with quartiles of plasma selenium; increasing levels were associated with a decreased risk of PCa only among men with the minor allele (OR=0.76; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.93; pinteraction=0.02). None of the four SNPs was associated with PCa survival among the cases.
Conclusions: Genetic variation within SEPP1 was associated with PCa incidence and may modify the association of selenium. Considering the multiple hypotheses tested, replication of these findings in an independent data set is needed to confirm or refute these results.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A122.
Abstract A127: Comparison of discriminatory power and accuracy of three lung cancer risk models
Authors: D'Amelio Anthony M. , Cassidy Adrian , Asomaning Kofi , Raji Olaide Y. , Duffy Stephen W. , Field John K. , Spitz Margaret R. , Christiani David , Etzel Carol J. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Background: Since lung cancer only occurs in a small fraction of long-term smokers, there is a need to develop risk prediction models to identify high-risk subgroups. Three lung cancer models, constructed using clinical and epidemiological variables, predicted absolute risk of lung cancer: one based on a cohort of patients recruited for the CARET study, and two constructed from case-control studies conducted in Houston, Texas and Liverpool, England. Given their potential application to primary chemo-prevention strategies and screening trials, it is important to compare the accuracy of these three models in an independent population.
Methods: We used data for 3197 lung cancer patients and 1703 cancer-free controls recruited to an ongoing case-control study of lung cancer at Harvard School of Public Health and Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, MA). We estimated 5-year lung cancer risk for each risk model and compared the discriminatory power, as measured by the area under the the receiver-operator characteristic curve, accuracy, as measured by the positive predictive value and negative predictive value, and clinical utility of these models, as measured with scaled rectangles.
Results: Overall, the discriminatory power for the Liverpool Lung Project (LLP) (AUC = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.67–0.71) and Spitz models (AUC = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.66–0.71) were comparable, while the Bach model had significantly lower power (AUC =0.66, 95% CI = 0.64–0.69; P=0.02). Positive predictive values were highest with the Spitz model (0.882) compared to 0.809 for the Bach model and 0.759 for the LLP model. In contrast, the negative predictive values were highest for the LLP model (0.560) compared to 0.450 for the Spitz model and 0.447 for the Bach. The Spitz and Bach models had lower sensitivity but higher specificity compared to the LLP model. For instance, 26.6% of all lung cancer cases have a five-year absolute risk of lung cancer ≥ 2.5% for the Spitz model compared to 66.7% of all cases for the LLP model. However, only 5.6% of all healthy controls have a five-year absolute risk of lung cancer ≥ 2.5% with the Spitz model compared to 33.4% of all controls for the LLP model.
Conclusion: We observed modest differences in discriminatory among the three lung cancer risk models. The level of the discriminatory powers of these three lung cancer risk models was moderate at best, which highlights the difficulty in developing effective risk models. There is considerable room for improvement in model performance by incorporating additional risk factors, such as genetic risk factors, to increase discriminatory power and accuracy, while still maintaining clinical utility.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A127.
Abstract A129: Declining incidence of breast cancer since 2002 in the United States: How much is explained by the decrease in postmenopausal hormone use?
Authors: Sprague Brian L. , Trentham-Dietz Amy , Remington Patrick L. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The striking decline in breast cancer incidence since 2002 in the United States has been widely attributed to discontinuation of postmenopausal hormone use following the results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized trial. However, very little analysis has been conducted to quantify the contribution of cessation of hormone use to the observed decline in breast cancer incidence. We used literature-based estimates of the change in the prevalence of hormone use and the relative risk associated with hormone use to estimate the impact of cessation of hormone use on the observed decline in breast cancer incidence between 2002 and 2003 among women aged 40–79 years old. For the base case of a 46% decline in hormone use and a relative risk for current use of 1.5, we estimate that 42% of the decline in incidence was attributable to cessation of hormone use. By exploring a range of parameter values we found that high, unlikely values of the relative risk (i.e., ≥2.25) and/or the percent decline in hormone use (i.e., ≥75%) would be required to account for 100% of the observed decline in breast cancer incidence. We conclude that cessation of postmenopausal hormone use following the announcement of the results of the WHI is unlikely to account for more than half of the observed decline in breast cancer incidence among women aged 40–79 years old. The potential contributions of other factors should be examined in future studies, especially the role of the recent plateau in screening utilization.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A129.
Abstract A134: Prediagnostic NSAID use and colorectal cancer mortality in the Seattle Colon Cancer Family Registry
Authors: Coghill Anna E. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Introduction: Research has demonstrated that use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decreases the risk of developing colorectal cancer as well as the recurrence of the disease among those with prior colorectal cancer. Limited prior studies investigating the association with colorectal cancer (CRC) survival have also observed a beneficial effect of NSAID use, specifically aspirin, against colorectal cancer mortality. We examined the role of pre-diagnostic aspirin and non-aspirin NSAID use on colorectal cancer-specific mortality in a population-based study.
Methods: We investigated the effect of NSAID use on CRC mortality after diagnosis among 1,737 incident colorectal cancer cases identified from the Seattle Colon Cancer Family Registry. Type of medication, duration, and timing of use relative to diagnosis were collected for NSAIDs, including aspirin and ibuprofen. Cases were followed up for mortality through linkages to the National Death Index records to obtain date and cause of death. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the relationship between pre-diagnostic NSAID use and colorectal cancer-specific mortality and to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
Results: Regular, pre-diagnostic use of NSAID medications was associated with a 21% decrease in CRC mortality (HR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.65–0.97); current use was associated with a 25% decreased risk of CRC mortality (HR: 0.75; 95% CI 0.58–0.96); former use was not associated with a significant survival benefit. Among cases with advanced disease, regular use of NSAID medications was not observed to significantly alter CRC mortality. However, regular and current pre-diagnostic use of NSAID medications was associated with a 31% and 37% decrease, respectively, in CRC mortality (95% CI: 0.53– 0.90; 0.46–0.87) among cases with non-advanced disease. Although cases with distal and rectal tumors did not experience a survival benefit from NSAID use, regular pre-diagnostic NSAID use was associated with a 32% decreased risk of CRC mortality among cases with proximal tumors (HR: 0.68; 95% CI 0.51–0.92).
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that regular pre-diagnostic use of NSAIDs, including aspirin, is associated with improved colorectal cancer survival, particularly if the medications are taken recently prior to diagnosis. This improvement in survival may be mediated through alteration in disease progression, resulting in lower stage of disease at presentation, among those with regular NSAID use. The survival benefit was not explained by increased screening among NSAID users, and the improvement appears to be particularly strong among patients diagnosed with proximal tumors and with non-advanced disease.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A134.
Abstract A136: Immunohistologic and clinicopathologic profile of thymic epithelial tumors: A 30-year experience in the Philippine Heart Center
Authors: Asuncion Bernadette R. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The thymus, said to be the “organ of mystery” throughout the 2000-year history of medicine, demonstrates a variety of clinical and pathologic manifestations that require comprehensive understanding of its entity. In this study, we discuss the profile of patients with thymic epithelial tumors seen in the Philippine Heart Center, including the variable clinical, pathologic, immunohistochemical and prognostic features.
For the last 30 years, surgically resected cases of thymic epithelial tumors were reviewed. We used descriptive statistics and quanititative variables are expressed as mean, range and standard deviation whereas qualitative variables are expressed as proportion.
A comprehensive review of the tumor registry in our center revealed majority of mediastinal masses, 75% occured at the anterior compartment, 4% in the posterior compartment and 1% from the superior compartment. Thymomas are most common among the adult age group with an average mean age of 42 years. Other thymic tumors encountered were thymic carcinoma, lymphoma, cysts, and carcinoid. In recent years, several variants of thymic epithelial tumors have been observed, some with unique biological behavior, high malignant potential, frequent metastases, and tumor recurrence. Such cases as primary neuroendocrine carcinoma with oncocytic differentiation, composite Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkins lymphoma arising from the thymus and thymic carcinoma arising from a thymoma has definitely challenged the Pathologist. In such cases, several battery of immunohistochemical studies were done, such as Cytokeratin 7 and 20, Chromogranin, Synaptophysin, Neuron Specific Enolase, CD 3, CD 15, CD 20, CD 30, CD 68, and LCA.
The series of neoplasm presented varies in clinical and histopathologic presentation. Its histologic variants and spectrum of differentiation are necessary to be defined, the soonest possible time. This will eventually lead the pathway towards treatment options. The World Health Organization histologic classification for thymic tumors paved the way to a better phase in the prognostication of thymic epithelial tumors. A greater challenge for the Pathologist is to prove the existence of synchronous, concurrent and composite tumors in the thymus. Most of these tumors are far advanced upon diagnosis, and therefore requires more aggressive treatment.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A136.
Abstract A138: Association of HER2/neu with extracapsular extension of axillary lymph node metastasis in T1 to T3 breast cancer
Authors: Maksimovic Sinisa 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Background: Amplification of the protein product of the HER2/neu oncogene in primary breast cancer specimens is associated with an adverse prognosis. Studies on the association of HER-2/neu with the axillary lymph node metastasis are controversial.
Methods: From January 2000 to January 2009, 504 breast cancer patients operated in General hospital “Sveti Vracevi” in Bijeljina. We selected 253 (50,2%) patients with breast cancer who had metastases to axillary lymph nodes.
Results: Extracapsular extension (ECM) was found in 103 (40,7%). The patients were identified and divided into two groups: patients in the HER-2 positive group (38 patients) and HER-2 negative group (65 patients). In the HER-2 positive group ECM was seen in 62.5% patients compared with 37.4% in the HER-2 negative group (P = 0,059). 41 patients (39,8%) were identified with three or less lymph nodes involved, 30 patients (29,1%) patients four to six, 20 patients (19,4%) seven to nine, and 11 patients (10,6%) ten or more nodes, respectively. Total number of lymph nodes showing ECM were also significantly more in the HER-2 positive group (48 of 81, 59.25%) vs. (13 of 60, 21.66%) in the HER-2 negative group (P &lt; 0,001). With a median follow-up of 96 months factors with independent prognostic value for disease-free survival by multivariate analysis included HER-2/neu overexpression with extracapsular extension (P &lt; 0.005), pN category (P &lt; 0.01), presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI; P &lt; 0.005), and ECM (P &lt; 0.001). An independent negative prognostic effect on overall survival was observed for HER-2/neu overexpression with extracapsular extension (P &lt; 0.05), pN category (P &lt; 0.05), and presence of LVI (P &lt; 0.005) and ECM (P &lt; 0.001).
Conclusions: In patients whose tumors expressed HER-2/neu who had positive lymph nodes and extracapsular extension prognosis was significantly worse compared with those who were HER-2/neu negative and lymph node positive with extracapsular extension. These findings have led to the conclusion that HER-2/neu overexpression is associated with a more aggressive subtype of cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A138.