bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of plant innate immunity and gibberellin as factor of compatibility in the mutualistic association of barley roots with Piriformospora indica
Authors: Schäfer Patrick , Pfiffi Stefanie , Voll Lars M. , Zajic Doreen , Chandler Peter M. , Waller Frank , Scholz Uwe , Pons‐Kühnemann Jörn , Sonnewald Sophia , Sonnewald Uwe , Kogel Karl‐Heinz 
Published: April 2009

SummaryFungi of the order Sebacinales (Basidiomycota) are involved in a wide spectrum of mutualistic symbioses with various plants, thereby exhibiting unique potential for biocontrol strategies. Piriformospora indica, a model organism of this fungal order, is able to increase the biomass and grain yield of crop plants, and induces local and systemic resistance to fungal diseases and tolerance to abiotic stress. To elucidate the molecular basis for root colonization, we characterized the interaction of P. indica with barley roots by combining global gene expression profiling, metabolic profiling, and genetic studies. At the metabolic level, we show that fungal colonization reduces the availability of free sugars and amino acids to the root tip. At the transcriptional level, consecutive interaction stages covering pre‐penetration‐associated events and progressing through to root colonization showed differential regulation of signal perception and transduction components, secondary metabolism, and genes associated with membrane transport. Moreover, we observed stage‐specific up‐regulation of genes involved in phytohormone metabolism, mainly encompassing gibberellin, auxin and abscisic acid, but salicylic acid‐associated gene expression was suppressed. The changes in hormone homoeostasis were accompanied with a general suppression of the plant innate immune system. Further genetic studies showed reduced fungal colonization in mutants that are impaired in gibberellin synthesis as well as perception, and implicate gibberellin as a modulator of the root’s basal defence. Our data further reveal the complexity of compatibility mechanisms in host–microbe interactions, and identify gibberellin signaling as potential target for successful fungi.
The insecticidal activity of four medicinal plants against the blowfly Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Khater Hanem Fathy , Khater D. F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground  The larvae of Lucilia sericata induce myiasis and transmit mycobacterial infections to humans and animals. Consequently, the blowfly should be controlled for human welfare and economic reasons.Methods  The insecticidal effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum), celery (Apium graveolens), radish (Raphanus sativus), and mustard (Brassica compestris) against the third larval instars of L. sericata was evaluated, for the first time, through ingestion assays. The effect of sublethal concentrations on certain biological aspects, such as the pupation rates and adult emergence, was revealed.Results  The LC50 values were 2.81, 4.60, 6.93, and 7.92% for fenugreek, celery, radish, and mustard, respectively. The adverse effects on larval treatment also included the survival of pupae and adults. The pupation rate was strongly decreased after treatment with 16% fenugreek and celery. Moreover, adult emergence was suppressed after treatment of larvae with 8% mustard, 12% radish, and 16% fenugreek and celery oils. The number of emerged males exceeded the number of females, which could lead to population decline. Morphologic abnormalities of larvae, pupae, and adults were recorded after treatment with all tested oils.Conclusion  The results suggest that oils may represent new and safe potential insecticides for the control of blowflies.
Provenance and thermal history of the Bayan Har Group in the western‐central Songpan–Ganzi–Bayan Har terrane: Implications for tectonic evolution of the northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Guo‐Can , Wintsch Robert P. , Garver John I. , Roden‐Tice Mary , Chen She‐Fa , Zhang Ke‐Xin , Lin Qi‐Xiang , Zhu Yun‐Hai , Xiang Shu‐Yuan , Li De‐Wei 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTriassic turbidites dominate the Songpan–Ganzi–Bayan Har (SGBH) terrane of the northern Tibetan Plateau. U‐Pb dating on single detrital zircon grains from the Triassic Bayan Har Group turbidites yield peaks at 400–500 m.y., 900–1000 m.y., 1800–1900 m.y., and 2400–2500 m.y., These results are consistent with recently published U‐Pb zircon ages of pre‐Triassic bedrock in the East Kunlun, Altyn, Qaidam, Qilian and Alaxa areas to the north, suggesting that provenance of the Bayan Har Group may include these rocks. The similarities in the compositions of the lithic arkosic sandstones of the Bayan Har Group with the sandstones of the Lower‐Middle Triassic formations in the East Kunlun terrane to the north also suggests a common northern provenance for both. A well exposed angular unconformity between the Carboniferous–Middle Permian mélange sequences and the overlying Upper Permian or Triassic strata indicates that regional deformation occurred between the Middle and Late Permian. This deformation may have been the result of a soft collision between the Qiangtang terrane and the North China Plate and the closure of the Paleo‐Tethyan oceanic basin. The Bayan Har Group turbidites were then deposited in a re‐opened marine basin on a shelf environment. Fission‐track dating of detrital zircons from the Bayan Har Group sandstones revealed pre‐ and post‐depositional age components, suggesting that the temperatures did not reach the temperatures necessary to anneal retentive zircon fission tracks (250–300°C). A 282–292 m.y. peak age defined by low U concentration, retentive zircons likely reflects a northern granitic source. Euhedral zircons from two lithic arkoses with abundant volcanic fragments in the southern area yielded a ∼237 m.y. zircon fission track (ZFT) peak age, likely recording the maximum age of deposition. A dominant post‐depositional 170–185 m.y. ZFT peak age suggests peak temperatures were reached in the Early Jurassic. Some samples appear to record a younger thermal event at ∼140 m.y., a short lived event that apparently affected only the least retentive zircons.
Therapeutic embolization of systemic arterial supply to normal basal segments of the left lower lobe of the lung
Authors: LIM Hee Hwan , HUH Jeong Kwon , KIM Jung Hoon , NO Hee Sun , CHOE Du Hwan , KIM Cheol Hyeon , LEE Jae Cheol 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTSystemic arterialization of normal lung without sequestration is a rare congenital abnormality. The basal segments of the left lower lobe are most frequently involved. The involved lung has no structural abnormalities of the tracheobronchial tree that distinguish this abnormality from bronchopulmonary sequestration. Haemoptysis and exertional dyspnoea are common presenting symptoms. We report the case of a 26‐year‐old man who presented with recurrent haemoptysis due to systemic arterialization of basal segments of the left lower lobe of the lung, without sequestration. Therapeutic embolization using metallic coils was successfully performed without any complications. There was no further haemoptysis during a 6‐month follow up. Therapeutic embolization is a safe and effective method of managing the haemoptysis associated with aberrant systemic arterial supply to the normal lung.
Working conditions and health status of child workers: Cross‐sectional study of the students at an apprenticeship school in Kocaeli
Authors: Caglayan Cigdem , Hamzaoglu Onur , Yavuz Cavit I. , Yüksel Selim 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground:  Child labor remains a widespread phenomenon in today's world. The purpose of the present study was to describe the working conditions and health status of child workers in Kocaeli.Methods:  A cross‐sectional research study has been carried out on 365 working children at the Kocaeli Occupational Training Center. Data were collected on working conditions, smoking habits, work accidents, perceived health status and psychological status using General Health Questionnaire‐12. In order to evaluate the physical growth of children, their height and weight were measured.Results:  Most working children usually have a low level of education, low income and extended families. The mean age for children to start working was 14.8 ± 1.5 years and their daily working periods were 11.3 ± 1.3 h on average.Girls were found to have more psychopathology compared to boys on the GHQ‐12 and the results were statistically significant. The height z score was less than −2 SD at 6.9% while the weight z score was less than −2 SD at 1.9%. According to body mass index (BMI) percentiles range, 3% of children were found to be underweight. A statistically significant and negative directional correlation was detected between body mass index z scores with age and daily working periods. Statistically significant but weak correlations were detected between height for age z scores and the starting age of work and also between weight for age z scores and chronological age.Conclusions:  Both the mental and the physical health of children were found to be negatively affected, by having to work at an early age, and by long working hours. For this reason, immediate and direct intervention should be taken to eradicate child labor, and protect children from unsafe and exploitative working conditions.
Evaluation of the impact of breast cancer screening in South Australia
Authors: Tallis G. M. , O’Neill T. J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground:  In 1989 BreastScreen SA started screening for breast cancer in South Australia.Methods:  The programme concentrated on women between the ages of 50 and 69, using a 24‐month screening interval and a joint method of mammography, clinical examination and self‐detection.Results:  This paper is a summary of our efforts to provide an assessment of the impact of the screening programme in terms of additional survival time past the age of first detection of the disease.Discussion:  The concept of benchmarks is introduced, and the survival advantages for screened women is measured from these benchmarks.Conclusion:  The women in the BreastScreen SA service, who had primary breast tumours, had an estimated additional survival advantage of 2.6 years. Some statistical modelling allowed us to extrapolate to other screening designs.
Patient awareness and concern regarding pharmaceutical manufacturer interactions with doctors
Authors: Edwards D. , Ballantyne A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground:  The objective of the study was to determine the general public’s level of awareness of and degree of concern about the interactions between pharmaceutical manufacturers and doctors in Melbourne. This Internet was survey administered using Survey Monkey.Methods:  The participants in the study were employees of The Age Newspaper in Melbourne (n = 1524). Participants’ self‐reported levels of awareness and concern regarding pharmaceutical representatives’ interactions with doctors and the resulting effect on the quality of care they receive were observed.Results:  One hundred and thirty‐four participants completed the questionnaire between 18 January and 8 February 2007. This was a response rate of 8.8%, and 40% reported a ‘high level’ of awareness of pharmaceutical marketing, whereas 59% reported believing that marketing influenced the prescribing behaviour of their doctors. Participants who reported that information provided by the pharmaceutical industry is inaccurate were significantly more likely to prefer a doctor who did not engage with pharmaceutical marketing (H(2) = 0.19, P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in perceived trustworthiness between academic sources of information and marketing based sources of information (T = 0.000, P < 0.05). The level of perceived trustworthiness of pharmaceutical marketing was significantly related to whether people wanted to be kept informed about pharmaceutical marketing activities (H(2) = 0.004, P < 0.05). Forty‐eight per cent of respondents wanted to be informed about pharmaceutical marketing; 46.2% of these people would like this to be through disclosure in the form of an accredited identification system. If given a choice, 38.8% of respondents would choose a doctor who did not see pharmaceutical representatives over one that did.Conclusion:  A significant proportion of the sample surveyed was aware of pharmaceutical marketing, believed that it influenced prescribing practices and it was less trustworthy than academic sources of information, would like to be kept informed about industry interactions with their doctor and would prefer to see a doctor who did not receive visits from pharmaceutical marketing representatives.
Rare cause of dyspnoea
Authors: Ghiculescu R. A. , Pillans P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough primary amyloidosis is the most common systemic form of amyloidosis, its diagnosis remains notoriously difficult. Unless included in the differential diagnosis, the condition may be missed as a cause of severe and ultimately fatal clinical syndromes. We describe two patients with primary amyloidosis who presented with dyspnoea/orthopnoea and oedema due to cardiac and renal involvement. Both had a fatal outcome.
Family history? The forgotten question in high‐risk colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Foo W. , Young J. M. , Solomon M. J. , Wright C. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAim  The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency and detail of family history recorded for patients diagnosed with potentially high‐risk colorectal cancer, and to determine the proportion of these patients referred to a high‐risk assessment clinic.Method  Medical records of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer under the age of 50 admitted to a major Sydney teaching hospital were reviewed. The proportion of records containing information about family history was calculated. Associations between recording of family history and demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were investigated. Logistic regression modelling was performed to identify significant, independent predictors of study outcomes.Results  Of 113 patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed under the age of 50 years, 61 (54%, 95% CI: 44–63%) had an entry in their hospital medical record about family history. Family history was significantly less likely to be recorded for females, for those admitted via the Emergency Department, and for those with shorter lengths of stay. A significant family history was found in 51% of the 61 patients who had a family history recorded. Records of patients attending specialist colorectal surgeons were significantly more likely to contain information about family history than those who attended other specialists (P = 0.04). Only 14 patients (12%, 95% CI: 7–20%) were formally referred for further genetic assessment.Conclusion  These results suggest that family history is still being neglected in routine clinical practice, and high‐risk assessment services are underutilized, implying the need for further dissemination of guidelines with regard to the recognition and management of hereditary colorectal cancer.
Derivative benefits: exploring the body through complementary and alternative medicine
Authors: Baarts Charlotte , Pedersen Inge Kryger 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSince the 1960s, in Western societies, there has been a striking growth of consumer interest in complementary or alternative medicine (CAM). In order to make this increased popularity intelligible this paper challenges stereotypical images of users’ motives and the results of clinical studies of CAM by exploring bodily experiences of acupuncture, reflexology treatments, and mindfulness training. The study draws on 138 in‐depth interviews with 46 clients, client diaries and observations of 92 clinical treatments in order to identify bodily experiences of health and care: experiences that are contested between forces of mastery, control and resistance. We discuss why clients continue to use CAM even when the treatments do not help or even after they have been relieved of their physiological or mental problems. The encounter between the client and CAM produces derivative benefits such as a fresh and sustained sense of bodily responsibility that induces new health practices.
Market reforms in English primary medical care: medicine, habitus and the public sphere
Authors: McDonald Ruth 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDrawing on interviews with English primary care doctors (GPs), this paper examines GP responses to reforms intended to introduce a market in primary health care. GPs’ reactions are conceptualised in terms of a GP habitus, which takes for granted the superiority of ‘public’ providers (i.e. GP partnerships) in the provision of care. GPs are actively involved in the defence of the public sphere, which is neither a neo‐liberal minimalist market state, nor a wholly altruistic state, responding to consumers’ wants. The public sphere they defend is one in which boundaries are drawn about entitlements and GPs are actively engaged in defining and policing these boundaries. The GP habitus can be seen as shaping responses in ways which serve GP interests. In the context of struggles involving various social actors (e.g. private providers, third‐party payers, patients) with different stakes in the field of general medical practice; this public service orientation may enable GPs to reap cultural capital. At the same time, the habitus constrains action in a way which limits resistance to reforms threatening GPs’ interests, with GPs responding by coping, rather than downing tools or engaging in active confrontation.
Being good in Ramadan: ambivalence, fragmentation, and the moral self in the lives of young Egyptians
Authors: Schielke Samuli 
Published: April 2009

So much has been written in recent years on Muslims who consciously and consistently aim to be pious, moral, and disciplined that the vast majority of Muslims who – like most of humankind – are sometimes but not always pious, at times immoral, and often undisciplined have remained in the shadow of an image of Islam as a perfectionist project of self‐discipline. Taking the month of Ramadan, as a time of exceptional piety, as a starting‐point, this paper tries to account for the different views and experiences that young people of Muslim faith in a northern Egyptian village articulate, the models of action and subjectivity they have access to, and the contradictory outcomes that the Islamic revivalist ideal of perfection has for some of them.RésuméIl a tellement été question, ces dernières années, de musulmans consciemment et constamment soucieux d’être pieux, moraux et disciplinés que la grande majorité des musulmans, qui sont parfois pieux mais pas toujours, parfois immoraux et souvent indisciplinés, comme le reste de l’humanité, est restée dans l’ombre de cette image de l’islam comme projet d’autodiscipline perfectionniste. En prenant pour point de départ le Ramadan, période de piété particulière, l’auteur tente de rendre compte de différents points de vue exprimés par les jeunes musulmans d’un village du Nord de l’Égypte, des modèle d’action et de subjectivité qui leur sont ouverts et des résultats contradictoires que donne pour certains d’entre eux l’idéal de perfection portée par l’idée d’un renouveau islamique.
Doubt, faith, and knowledge: the reconfiguration of the intellectual field in post‐Nasserist Cairo
Authors: Aishima Hatsuki , Salvatore Armando 
Published: April 2009

The study of the Islamic Resurgence has underestimated the intellectual trials that some key personalities underwent at a crucial stage of the crisis of post‐colonial societies. The intellectual leaders of the Resurgence faced the task to redefine the social value of faith and of its converse, doubt, as the insidious flip‐side of processes of modernization. Their response to the challenge contributed to a reconfiguration of the intellectual field: in order to reach larger audiences they reinterpreted their cultural credentials and even life narratives in terms of the communicative standards suitable to new media. This paper analyses how the motives of doubt and faith in the trajectories of two personalities aspiring to the status of ‘Islamic intellectual’ (the Sufi scholar and Shaykh al‐Azhar ‘Abd al‐Halim Mahmud and the media‐savvy lay thinker Mustafa Mahmud) contributed to a reconfiguration of the intellectual field. We investigate how their legacy is presently discussed among educated audiences. Finally, we show how the ambivalence of the reception of their public teaching reflects the troubled search for a new ideological balance by the Egyptian middle classes.RésuméL’étude de la Résurgence islamique a sous‐estimé les épreuves intellectuelles par laquelle sont passés certains de ses grands noms à un stade crucial de la crise des sociétés postcoloniales. Les meneurs intellectuels de la Résurgence se sont trouvés confrontés à la tâche de redéfinir la valeur sociale de la foi et de son opposé, le doute, comme le revers insidieux des processus de modernisation. En relevant ce défi, ils ont contribuéà reconfigurer le champ intellectuel : pour atteindre un public plus large, ils ont réinterprété leurs références culturelles et même leurs récits de vies selon les standards de communication adaptés aux nouveaux médias. Les auteurs analysent ici la façon dont les motifs du doute et de la foi dans la trajectoire de deux personnalités aspirant au statut « d’intellectuel islamique », l’érudit soufi Shaykh al‐Azhar ‘Abd al‐Halim Mahmud et le penseur laïque Mustafa Mahmud, fin connaisseur des média, ont contribuéà la reconfiguration du champ intellectuel. Les auteurs étudient le débat dont leur héritage fait aujourd'hui l’objet dans les cercles éduqués. Pour finir, ils montrent comment l’ambivalence de l’accueil fait à leur enseignement public reflète la difficile recherche d’un équilibre idéologique dans les classes moyennes égyptiennes.
Muslim politics in postcolonial Kenya: negotiating knowledge on the double‐periphery
Authors: Kresse Kai 
Published: April 2009

This paper investigates Muslim politics in its wider social context in postcolonial Kenya, with a historical focus mainly on the Moi era (1978‐2002). Hereby, I look at the introduction, integration, and internal constestation of Islamic reformist ideologies in Swahili discourse and in social practice. Central to my argument about the interconnections between Muslim politics, national politics, and coastal sociality is the notion of a ‘knowledge economy’, within the postcolonial setting of a ‘double‐periphery’ in which Kenyan coastal Muslims are situated, vis‐à‐vis the state and the Muslim umma (community of believers). I discuss the dynamics between aspects of knowledge and rhetorics, reasoning and power, and ideology and social practice at work in this particular Muslim context. All of this is situated within national Kenyan politics, and discussed against the background of a postcolonial state governed by upcountry Christians with whom coastal Muslims have historically had a tense and antagonistic relationship.RésuméL’auteur étudie l’islam politique dans le contexte social général du Kenya postcolonial, principalement durant l’ère Moi (1978‐2002). Il s’intéresse ainsi à l’introduction, à l’intégration et à la contestation interne des idéologies réformistes islamiques dans le discours et la pratique sociale des Swahilis. Son argumentation est que le lien entre islam politique, politique nationale et socialité dans les régions côtières est constitué par la notion « d’économie du savoir », dans le cadre postcolonial d’une « double périphérie » dans laquelle se situent les musulmans des côtes du Kenya : périphérie vis‐à‐vis de l’État, mais aussi de l’umma, la communauté des croyants musulmans. L’auteur commente la dynamique entre aspects du savoir et rhétorique, raisonnement et pouvoir, idéologie et pratique sociale à l’œuvre dans ce contexte musulman particulier. L’ensemble s’inscrit dans la politique nationale du Kenya et est discuté avec pour toile de fond un État postcolonial, gouverné par les chrétiens de l’arrière‐pays avec lesquels les musulmans de la côte ont toujours eu des relations chargées de tensions et d’antagonismes.