bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quick diagnosis units versus hospitalization for the diagnosis of potentially severe diseases in Spain
Authors: Bosch Xavier , Jordán Anna , Coca Antonio , López‐Soto Alfonso 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOBJECTIVES:We describe the functioning of a quick diagnosis unit (QDU) in a Spanish public university hospital to ascertain the utility and cost of the model compared to conventional hospitalization.DESIGN:Observational study with a prospective and retrospective cohort.SETTING:Spanish tertiary public university hospital.PATIENTS:Two thousand consecutive patients evaluated between December 2007 and July 2010 with potentially severe diseases normally requiring hospitalization for diagnosis. For comparative purposes, we analyzed a randomized, retrospective cohort of 1454 hospitalized patients.MEASUREMENTS:Variables measured included source of referral, reason for consultation, time to diagnosis and length‐of‐stay, hospitalizations avoided, Charlson comorbidity index, costs, and patient satisfaction using a telephone survey.RESULTS:Suspected anemia, cachexia‐anorexia syndrome, febrile syndrome, adenopathies and/or palpable masses, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and lung abnormalities accounted for 88% of QDU patients. The most‐frequent diagnoses were cancer (26.3%) and iron‐deficiency anemia. QDU patients with anemia were significantly younger than hospitalized patients with the same diagnosis (P < 0.0001). Other parameters were similar between QDU and hospitalized patients. The mean cost of treatment was 3153.87 Euros for hospitalization and 702.33 Euros for the QDU. Patients expressed a high degree of satisfaction with QDU care.CONCLUSIONS:QDUs can manage the diagnosis of patients with potentially severe diseases equally as well as traditional hospitalization, and saves costs. QDU patients expressed a high degree of satisfaction, with most preferring this model to hospitalization. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Cover inequalities for robust knapsack sets—Application to the robust bandwidth packing problem
Authors: Klopfenstein Olivier , Nace Dritan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe robust optimization framework proposed by Bertsimas and Sim accounts for data uncertainty in integer linear programs. This article investigates the polyhedral impacts of this robust model for the 0‐1 knapsack problem. In particular, classical cover cuts are adapted to provide valid inequalities for the robust knapsack problem. The strength of the proposed inequalities is studied theoretically. Then, experiments on the robust bandwidth packing problem illustrate the practical interest of these inequalities for solving hard robust combinatorial problems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
Novel Integrated Robotic Approach for Suprapancreatic D2 Nodal Dissection for Treating Gastric Cancer: Technique and Initial Experience
Authors: Uyama Ichiro , Kanaya Seiichiro , Ishida Yoshinori , Inaba Kazuki , Suda Koichi , Satoh Seiji 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundRobotic surgery for the treatment of gastric cancer has been reported, but the technique is not yet established. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of our novel integrated procedure for robotic suprapancreatic D2 nodal dissection during distal gastrectomy.MethodsAt our hospital from January 2009 to December 2010, a total of 25 consecutive cases of gastric cancer were treated by robotic distal gastrectomy with intracorporeal Billroth I reconstruction. These patients were enrolled in a prospective study to assess the safety and feasibility of robotic distal gastrectomy with nodal dissection by our novel integrated approach, which consists of three elements: arm formation, the surgical approach, a cutting device. To evaluate the learning curves involved in this approach, clinicopathologic features and surgical outcomes were compared between the initial (n = 12) and late (n = 13) phases.ResultsAll operations were completed without the need for open or conventional laparoscopic surgery. The mean operating time was 361 ± 58.1 min (range 258–419 min), and blood loss recorded was 51.8 ± 38.2 ml (range 4–123 ml). The median number of retrieved lymph nodes was 44.3 ± 18.4 (range 26–95). R0 resection was accomplished in all cases. There were no deaths or complications related to pancreatic damage. Operating time and surgeon console time for the late phase were significantly shorter than those for the initial phase.ConclusionsOur novel robotic approach for D2 nodal dissection in gastric cancer is feasible and safe.
Morning salivary cortisol and cognitive function in mid-life: evidence from a population-based birth cohort
Authors: Geoffroy M.-C. , Hertzman C. , Li L. , Power C. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundThe hormone ‘cortisol’ has been associated with cognitive deficits in older ages, and also with childhood cognition. The extent to which the associations of cortisol with cognitive deficits in later life reflect associations with childhood cognition ability is unclear. This study aimed to assess associations between adult cortisol levels and subsequent cognitive functions, while considering childhood cognition and other lifetime covariates.MethodData are from the 1958 British Birth Cohort. Two morning salivary cortisol samples were obtained at 45 years: 45 min after waking (t1) and 3 h later (t2). Standardized tests assessing immediate and delayed verbal memory, verbal fluency and speed of processing were administered at 50 years. Information on cortisol, cognitive outcomes and covariates [e.g. birthweight, lifetime socio-economic position (SEP), education, smoking and drinking habits, body mass index (BMI), menopausal status, and depression/anxiety] was obtained for 4655 participants.ResultsWorse immediate and delayed verbal memory and verbal fluency at 50 years were predicted by elevated t2 cortisol at 45 years. For instance, for 1 standard deviation (s.d.) increase in t2 cortisol, individuals scored −0.05 s.d. lower on verbal memory and fluency tests. Childhood cognition explained about 30% of these associations, but associations with adult cognition remained.ConclusionsThis study suggests that higher cortisol levels in late morning at 45 years are associated with poorer verbal memory and fluency at 50 years, with a contribution from childhood cognition to these associations.
Contrasting denitrifier communities relate to contrasting N2O emission patterns from acidic peat soils in arctic tundra
Authors: Palmer Katharina , Biasi Christina , Horn Marcus A 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Cryoturbated peat circles (that is, bare surface soil mixed by frost action; pH 3–4) in the Russian discontinuous permafrost tundra are nitrate-rich ‘hotspots’ of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in arctic ecosystems, whereas adjacent unturbated peat areas are not. N2O was produced and subsequently consumed at pH 4 in unsupplemented anoxic microcosms with cryoturbated but not in those with unturbated peat soil. Nitrate, nitrite and acetylene stimulated net N2O production of both soils in anoxic microcosms, indicating denitrification as the source of N2O. Up to 500 and 10 μm nitrate stimulated denitrification in cryoturbated and unturbated peat soils, respectively. Apparent maximal reaction velocities of nitrite-dependent denitrification were 28 and 18 nmol N2O gDW−1 h−1, for cryoturbated and unturbated peat soils, respectively. Barcoded amplicon pyrosequencing of narG, nirK/nirS and nosZ (encoding nitrate, nitrite and N2O reductases, respectively) yielded ≈49 000 quality-filtered sequences with an average sequence length of 444 bp. Up to 19 species-level operational taxonomic units were detected per soil and gene, many of which were distantly related to cultured denitrifiers or environmental sequences. Denitrification-associated gene diversity in cryoturbated and in unturbated peat soils differed. Quantitative PCR (inhibition-corrected per DNA extract) revealed higher copy numbers of narG in cryoturbated than in unturbated peat soil. Copy numbers of nirS were up to 1000 × higher than those of nirK in both soils, and nirS nirK−1 copy number ratios in cryoturbated and unturbated peat soils differed. The collective data indicate that the contrasting N2O emission patterns of cryoturbated and unturbated peat soils are associated with contrasting denitrifier communities.
Metscape 2 bioinformatics tool for the analysis and visualization of metabolomics and gene expression data
Authors: Karnovsky Alla , Weymouth Terry , Hull Tim , Tarcea V. Glenn , Scardoni Giovanni , Laudanna Carlo , Sartor Maureen A. , Stringer Kathleen A. , Jagadish H. V. , Burant Charles , Athey Brian , Omenn Gilbert S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Metabolomics is a rapidly evolving field that holds promise to provide insights into genotype–phenotype relationships in cancers, diabetes and other complex diseases. One of the major informatics challenges is providing tools that link metabolite data with other types of high-throughput molecular data (e.g. transcriptomics, proteomics), and incorporate prior knowledge of pathways and molecular interactions.
Results: We describe a new, substantially redesigned version of our tool Metscape that allows users to enter experimental data for metabolites, genes and pathways and display them in the context of relevant metabolic networks. Metscape 2 uses an internal relational database that integrates data from KEGG and EHMN databases. The new version of the tool allows users to identify enriched pathways from expression profiling data, build and analyze the networks of genes and metabolites, and visualize changes in the gene/metabolite data. We demonstrate the applications of Metscape to annotate molecular pathways for human and mouse metabolites implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced acute lung injury, for the analysis of gene expression and metabolite data from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and for identification of the candidate metabolites involved in cancer and inflammation.
Availability: Metscape is part of the National Institutes of Health-supported National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics (NCIBI) suite of tools, freely available at http://metscape.ncibi.org. It can be downloaded from http://cytoscape.org or installed via Cytoscape plugin manager.
Contact: metscape-help@umich.edu; akarnovs@umich.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The levels of zearalenone and its metabolites in plasma, urine and faeces of horses fed with naturally, Fusarium toxin–contaminated oats
Authors: Songsermsakul P. , Böhm J. , Aurich C. , Zentek J. , Razzazi‐Fazeli E. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryConcentration profile of zearalenone (ZON) and its metabolites in plasma, urine and faeces samples of horses fed with Fusarium toxin–contaminated oats is described. In plasma, β‐zearalenol (β‐ZOL) was detected at high levels on day 10 of the study (3.21–6.24 μg/l). β‐Zearalenol and α‐zearalenol were the major metabolites in urine. Zearalenone, α‐ZOL and β‐ZOL were predominantly found in faeces. Zearalanone could also be detected in urine (1.34–5.79 μg/l) and faeces (1 μg/kg). The degree of glucuronidation was established in all sample types, approximately 100% in urine and plasma. Low per cent of glucuronidation (4–15%) was found in faeces samples. The results indicate the main conversion of ZON into β‐ZOL in horse. This finding could explain why horse is not susceptible to ZON in comparison with swine which produce α‐ZOL as a predominant metabolite.
Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, nutrient utilization and whole‐body composition of blue gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus fingerlings
Authors: Mohanta K. N. , Subramanian S. , Korikanthimath V. S. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryNine semi‐purified diets were prepared with three levels each of protein (300, 350 and 400 g/kg) and lipid (60, 80 and 100 g/kg) and fed ad libitum to Trichogaster trichopterus fingerlings (0.61 ± 0.03 g) in triplicate groups (10 fish/replicate) for 90 days to determine optimum dietary protein and lipid levels. Twenty‐seven flow‐through fibre‐reinforced plastic tanks (200 l capacity each with 100 l of water) were used for rearing the fish. The dietary protein, lipid and their interactions had significant effects (p < 0.05) on weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, nutrient retention and digestibility, but not on hepato‐ and viscerosomatic indexes (p > 0.05). Dietary protein and the interaction of protein with lipid had significant effect (p < 0.05) on whole‐body dry matter, lipid and energy contents, but not on protein and ash contents (p > 0.05). But, the dietary lipid had significant (p < 0.05) effect on whole‐body dry matter, protein, lipid and energy contents except the ash contents (p > 0.05). For each level of dietary protein, the increase in dietary lipid resulted significant increase (p < 0.05) in whole‐body lipid contents without affecting the protein and ash contents (p > 0.05). Based on better growth and dietary performances, the optimum dietary protein and lipid levels of blue gourami fingerling are 350 and 80 g/kg diet respectively.
Genetic variability of the blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus in the Western Mediterranean Sea inferred by DNA microsatellite loci
Authors: Cannas Rita , Sacco Flavio , Follesa Maria Cristina , Sabatini Andrea , Arculeo Marco , Lo Brutto Sabrina , Maggio Teresa , Deiana Anna Maria , Cau Angelo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGenetic variation at eight microsatellite loci was studied in nine populations of the blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus to investigate whether distinct stocks are present in the Western Mediterranean Sea. A high level of gene flow and no evidence of genetic partitioning were discovered. No significant variation was found (FST = 0.00673, P‐value = 0.067) even when shrimps from exploited and those from deep‐water unexploited grounds were compared. No evidence of reduction or expansion of population size in the recent past was found, as indicated by the bottleneck and interlocus g‐tests. Our results are consistent with previous studies using mitochondrial gene methods and allozymes, indicating that, for this species, extensive pelagic larval dispersal and adult migration are probably responsible for the genetic homogeneity observed. In particular, due to a different bathymetric distribution of males and females, reported to be associated with different water masses and hence with possible differential dispersal capacity between sexes, the hypothesis of sex‐biased dispersal was tested. Mean values of corrected assignment indices and mean relatedness values were higher for males, suggesting that females are the more widely dispersing sex. Molecular assessment of A. antennatus from the Western Mediterranean provides data of biological and evolutionary interest for the successful management of such a highly valuable fishery resource.
Treatment of high‐frequency gastric electrical stimulation for gastroparesis
Authors: Chu Huikuan , Lin Zhiyue , Zhong Likun , McCallum Richard W , Hou Xiaohua 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground and Aims:  The aim of this study was to assess the effects of gastric electrical stimulation (GES) on symptoms and gastric emptying in patients with gastroparesis, and the effects of GES on the three subgroups of gastroparesis.Methods:  A literature search of clinical trials using high‐frequency GES to treat patients with gastroparesis from January 1995 to January 2011 was performed. Data on the total symptom severity score (TSS), nausea severity score, vomiting severity score, and gastric emptying were extracted and analyzed. The statistic effect index was weighted mean differences.Results:  Ten studies (n = 601) were included in this study. In the comparison to baseline, there was significant improvement of symptoms and gastric emptying (P < 0.00001). It was noted that GES significantly improved both TSS (P < 0.00001) and gastric retention at 2 h (P = 0.003) and 4 h (P < 0.0001) in patients with diabetic gastroparesis (DG), while gastric retention at 2 h (P = 0.18) in idiopathic gastroparesis (IG) patients, and gastric retention at 4 h (P = 0.23) in postsurgical gastroparesis (PSG) patients, did not reach significance.Conclusions:  Based on this meta‐analysis, the substantial and significant improvement of symptoms and gastric emptying, and the good safety we observed, indicate that high‐frequency GES is an effective and safe method for treating refractory gastroparesis. DG patients seem the most responsive to GES, both subjectively and objectively, while the IG and PSG subgroups are less responsive and need further research.
A Low‐Memory, Straightforward and Fast Bilateral Filter Through Subsampling in Spatial Domain
Authors: Banterle Francesco , Corsini Massimiliano , Cignoni Paolo , Scopigno Roberto 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this work we present a new algorithm for accelerating the colour bilateral filter based on a subsampling strategy working in the spatial domain. The base idea is to use a suitable subset of samples of the entire kernel in order to obtain a good estimation of the exact filter values. The main advantages of the proposed approach are that it has an excellent trade‐off between visual quality and speed‐up, a very low memory overhead is required and it is straightforward to implement on the GPU allowing real‐time filtering. We show different applications of the proposed filter, in particular efficient cross‐bilateral filtering, real‐time edge‐aware image editing and fast video denoising. We compare our method against the state of the art in terms of image quality, time performance and memory usage.
Gender as a moderator of the relationship between materialism and fashion clothing involvement among Indian youth
Authors: Handa Meenakshi , Khare Arpita 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe research examines the role of gender in moderating the relationship between materialism and product involvement with fashion clothing among the Indian youth. The Richins materialism scale and the product involvement and purchase involvement scales developed by O'Cass were used to understand the behaviour of Indian youth towards fashion clothing. The sample (n = 254) comprised of university students from different parts of India. The findings indicate that Indian youth do not possess a high level of materialistic tendencies. Gender has a moderating influence on the relationship between materialism and involvement with fashion clothing. Young men and women differ with respect to their involvement with fashion clothing and even more with regard to their involvement with the purchase of fashion clothing, with women reporting a higher level of involvement in both cases.
High‐Frequency Negative Permittivity from Fe/Al2O3 Composites with High Metal Contents
Authors: Gao Meng , Shi Zhi‐cheng , Fan Run‐hua , Qian Lei , Zhang Zi‐dong , Guo Jing‐yan 
Published: December 2011

For conventional metal/ceramic composites, we report an interesting negative permittivity behavior, which was usually observed in artificial metamaterials. The Fe/Al2O3 composites with different Fe volume contents ranging from 10% to 40% were prepared through hot‐pressing sintering. The impedance and dielectric properties of the composites in high frequency range present a distinct dependence on the composition, and the negative permittivity is obtained when Fe content exceeds 20 vol%. The experimental results of negative permittivity from the composites above percolation threshold are in good agreement with fitting results from Drude model. The tunability of negative permittivity makes Fe/Al2O3 composites promising candidates for the double negative materials.
Global periodontal disease epidemiology
Authors: Dye Bruce A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOur understanding of the global epidemiology of periodontal disease has changed considerably over the past 50 years. This change has been influenced not only by our evolving knowledge of the natural history and distribution of the disease, but also by changing measurement methodologies. Although great strides have been made in describing the underlying contributions of microorganisms and plaque ecology, as well as the inflammatory and host responses, there is still much that is not known regarding risk susceptibility and prevention effectiveness. The focus of global periodontal epidemiology during the last half century has been on identifying populations who have periodontal disease and situations where disparities in disease prevalence exist between groups. Unlike dental public health activities directed toward dental caries, less effort has been made in periodontal epidemiology with regard to surveying or monitoring groups who may be at greater risk for moderate or severe disease and evaluating public health initiatives directed at mitigating risk or reducing such periodontal disease prevalence. Additionally, there is limited information regarding current national estimates of periodontal disease in most countries. Although numerous periodontal studies have been performed globally, very few are epidemiological studies using nationally representative samples. The aim of this critical review is to discuss the historical context of global periodontal disease epidemiology, highlight key activities and findings over the past decade in global periodontal epidemiology, and comment on how changes in the practice of epidemiology may affect global periodontology over the coming decade.
Genetic susceptibility to periodontitis
Authors: Laine Marja L. , Crielaard Wim , Loos Bruno G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this systematic review, we explore and summarize the peer‐reviewed literature on putative genetic risk factors for susceptibility to aggressive and chronic periodontitis. A comprehensive literature search on the PubMed database was performed using the keywords ‘periodontitis’ or ‘periodontal disease’ in combination with the words ‘genes’, ‘mutation’, ‘SNP’ or ‘polymorphism’. The studies selected were written in English, had a case–control design, and reported genotype distribution. Only studies with at least 100 individuals in either the case or control group were included. Research on genetic polymorphisms has only had limited success in identifying significant and reproducible genetic factors for susceptibility to aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis. Taking together the data published on gene polymorphisms in aggressive and chronic periodontitis, we conclude that there are differences among the various studies for the rare allele carriage rates. Nevertheless, there is some evidence that polymorphisms in the IL1B, IL1RN, FcγRIIIb, VDR and TLR4 genes may be associated with aggressive periodontitis susceptibility, and polymorphisms in the IL1B, IL1RN, IL6, IL10, VDR, CD14, TLR4 and MMP1 genes may be associated with chronic periodontitis susceptibility as a single genetic factor in certain populations. Future studies should apply stricter disease classifications, use larger study cohorts, adjust for relevant risk factors in aggressive and chronic periodontiti,s and include analysis of multiple genes and polymorphisms. Establishing consortia and performing collaborative studies may help to conquer the limitations of small sample size and limited statistical power.