bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological and Immediate Postoperative Outcome after Preoperative Cetuximab: Case‐Matched Control Study
Authors: Pessaux Patrick , Marzano Ettore , Casnedi Selenia , Bachellier Philippe , Jaeck Daniel , Chenard Marie‐Pierre 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the effects of preoperative cetuximab (cetu) on nontumorous liver parenchyma and the clinical and biological outcomes after liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CLM).MethodsBetween January 2005 and June 2009, 26 patients who received preoperative cetu were matched to a control group of 26 patients who did not receive cetu. They were matched on the basis of age, gender, body mass index, extent of hepatectomy, and type and number of cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.ResultsLiver function tests, postoperative outcome, and histopathology of the resected liver were compared. There was no mortality. Postoperative morbidity and perioperative bleeding rates were similar in both groups. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and serum alanine aminotransferase were higher on postoperative day 5 in the control group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively). In the cetu group, the postoperative peaks of γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase were statistically higher than in the control group. Interestingly, pathological review of the nontumorous liver parenchyma revealed no significant difference between patients who received cetu and those treated without cetu with respect to prevalence of steatosis, steatohepatitis, sinusoidal obstructive syndrome, and fibrosis.ConclusionsThe addition of cetu to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens does not appear to increase the morbidity rate after hepatectomy for CLM, and also in cases of major hepatectomy. The pathological examination did not show additional injury to the nontumorous liver parenchyma.
“It's Challenging on a Personal Level”—Exploring the ‘Lived Experience’ of Australian and Canadian Prenatal Genetic Counselors
Authors: Menezes Melody A. , Hodgson Jan M. , Sahhar Margaret A. , Aitken MaryAnne , Metcalfe Sylvia A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPrenatal genetic counselors work with clients who are at risk of having a child with a fetal anomaly, or who have been diagnosed with a fetal anomaly. This can raise challenging ethical, moral and legal issues for both clients and counselors. Few studies have explored whether this type of work impacts on genetic counselors themselves. Interviews were conducted with 15 prenatal genetic counselors, five from Toronto, Canada and ten from Melbourne, Australia. A qualitative approach was used to allow for an in‐depth exploration of the experiences of genetic counselors working in the prenatal setting. While participants reported that working in a prenatal setting affected them in several ways, this paper focuses on one particular unanticipated finding—that of the impact experienced by counselors from both countries while working when pregnant.
Brief report: Need for autonomy and other perceived barriers relating to adolescents’ intentions to seek professional mental health care
Authors: Wilson Coralie J. , Deane Frank P. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe current study examined the relationship between belief‐based barriers to seeking professional mental health care and help‐seeking intentions in a sample of 1037 adolescents. From early adolescence to adulthood, for males and females, the need for autonomy was a strong barrier to seeking professional mental health care. Help‐seeking fears were weaker in the older age groups. Having lower perceived need for autonomy and believing that prior mental health care was helpful was significantly associated with higher intentions to seek future professional mental health care. Implications for prevention and overcoming barriers to seeking mental health care are suggested.
Retrospective study to characterize post-obstructive diuresis in cats with urethral obstruction
Authors: Francis Brenda J. , Wells Raegan J. , Rao Sangeeta , Hackett Timothy B. 
Published: July 2010

Urethral obstruction is a common medical emergency in cats. Frequency of post-obstruction diuresis in cats following resolution of urethral obstruction is unknown. The objective of this study was to document frequency and associated clinical features of post-obstruction diuresis in cats. The records of 32 cats undergoing 33 admissions to the Colorado State University Veterinary Hospital for urethral obstruction were reviewed. Signalment, admission blood values, fluid therapy, and urine output were recorded. Diuresis was defined as urine output greater than 2 ml/kg/h. Post-obstructive diuresis occurred in 46% (13/28) of cats within the first 6 h of treatment. Occurrence of post-obstructive diuresis was statistically more likely in cats with venous pH<7.35 on admission. Urine production following resolution of urethral obstruction should be monitored so that fluid therapy can be adjusted to the individual patient, as many cats will have a higher fluid requirement secondary to post-obstruction diuresis.
Free Poster Presentations: Forearm heat pain does not inhibit electrically induced tibialis anterior muscle pain
Authors: Gullander Maria , Matre Dagfinn 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Objectives
Women report more musculoskeletal pain than men. A dysfunctional pain inhibitory system has been launched as a contributing factor for these gender differences. This study used a diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) paradigm and asked the following questions: (1) is electrically induced muscle pain inhibited by a painful heat stimulus to the forearm, and (2) does women show signs of reduced inhibition compared to men?.

Methods
Forty healthy subjects (20 females; 18–45 years) participated in a cross-over design with painful (45–49 °C) or non-painful (35 °C) conditioning heat stimuli (in balanced order) to the contralateral forearm. The subjects received 10 painful electrical stimuli in the tibialis anterior muscle before, during and after conditioning and rated each electrical stimulus on a 0–10cm visual analogue scale (VAS). There was 30 min between experiments. All VAS scores were normalized to scores before conditioning (100%) and analyzed by RM-ANOVA. Females participated during the ovulatory phase (days 12–14).

Results
There was a main effect of conditioning. VAS scores during conditioning were reduced to 90 ± 24% (mean ± S.D.) with respect to before conditioning (p = 0.02). There was no difference between painful and non-painful conditioning (p = 0.31). Neither was there any difference between genders (p = 0.28); mean male VAS scores were 91 ± 21% and mean female scores were 89 ± 27% during (vs. before) conditioning.

Conclusion
Electrically induced muscle pain was not inhibited by a painful heat stimulus to the forearm. The reduction in muscle pain may be results of habituation. The lack of a DNIC effect may have been caused by the relatively small skin area receiving the conditioning stimulus, and excludes a conclusion on gender effects.
A survey of the castor oil content, seed weight and seed-coat colour on the United States Department of Agriculture germplasm collection
Authors: Wang M. L. , Morris J. B. , Pinnow D. L. , Davis J. , Raymer P. , Pederson G. A. 
Published: July 2010

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important non-edible oilseed crop that can potentially be used as feedstock for biodiesel production. There are 1033 accessions in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) castor germplasm collection. The range of oil content in these accessions has never been surveyed. For exploiting castor as a feedstock for biodiesel production, the entire USDA castor collection was procured from the National Plant Germplasm System (Germplasm Resources Information Network) and the oil content was measured with nuclear magnetic resonance. The variation of oil content among all castor accessions ranged from 37.2 to 60.6% with an average of 48.2%. One hundred seed weights were determined and seed-coat colour was also recorded from each accession. One hundred seed weight ranged from 10.1 to 73.3 g with an average of 28.3 g. There was a significant correlation between seed weight and oil content but the correlation value was low (r = 0.1572, P < 0.0001). Fifty accessions with a wide range of oil content were selected to be field grown for further evaluation. The results obtained from this survey will be useful for castor breeders seeking germplasm accessions with high oil content in the collection.
Mandatory Influenza Vaccination of Healthcare Workers: A 5-Year Study
Authors: Rakita Robert M. , Hagar Beverly A. , Crome Patricia , Lammert Joyce K. 
Published: July 2010

Background.The rate of influenza vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs) is low, despite a good rationale and strong recommendations for vaccination from many health organizations.Objective.To increase influenza vaccination rates by instituting the first mandatory influenza vaccination program for HCWs.Design and Setting.A 5-year study (from 2005 to 2010) at Virginia Mason Medical Center, a tertiary care, multispecialty medical center in Seattle, Washington, with approximately 5,000 employees.Methods.All HCWs of the medical center were required to receive influenza vaccination. HCWs who were granted an accommodation for medical or religious reasons were required to wear a mask at work during influenza season. The main outcome measure was rate of influenza vaccination among HCWs.Results.In the first year of the program, there were a total of 4,703 HCWs, of whom 4,588 (97.6%) were vaccinated, and influenza vaccination rates of more than 98% were sustained over the subsequent 4 years of our study. Less than 0.7% of HCWs were granted an accommodation for medical or religious reasons and were required to wear a mask at work during influenza season, and less than 0.2% of HCWs refused vaccination and left Virginia Mason Medical Center.Conclusion.A mandatory influenza vaccination program for HCWs is feasible, results in extremely high vaccination rates, and can be sustained over the course of several years.
Successful treatment of combination therapy with tacalcitol lotion associated with sunscreen for localized Darier’s disease
Authors: ABE Masatoshi , YASUDA Masato , YOKOYAMA Yoko , ISHIKAWA Osamu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe herein report a sporadic case of Darier’s disease localized to the bilateral side of the neck in a 39‐year‐old Japanese woman. Several clinical variants of Darier’s disease have so far been recognized including unilateral Darier’s disease, localized Darier’s disease, segmental Darier’s disease and acral Darier’s disease. Few cases of Darier’s disease, restricted to sun‐exposed areas such as the bilateral side of the neck, have been described in the published work. It remains controversial, however, whether ultraviolet exposure can induce the onset of Darier’s disease. Our patient’s skin lesions, which were resistant to previous treatment with corticosteroid, improved substantially with high‐concentration tacalcitol lotion and sunscreen. This is the first report on the efficacy of topical tacalcitol lotion associated with sunscreen for the treatment of localized Darier’s disease.
Review: clinical trials in peptic ulcer disease—problems of methodology and interpretation
Authors: LAURITSEN K. , RASK‐MADSEN J. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThis review focuses on the methodology and interpretation of drug trials in peptic ulcer disease. The problems of planning and conduct that are discussed include the ethics of using placebo, eligibility criteria, estimations of sample size, stopping rules, randomization, blinding, and efficacy criteria, that is, ulcer healing and pain relief in the short term and prevention of relapse and complications in the long term. Statistical topics covered include confidence intervals, evaluation of survival type data, post‐stratification, and sub‐group analysis. The difference between clinical and statistical significance is discussed, major problems being overemphasis onP‐value, type II errors, andpost hocpower determinations. Explanatory and pragmatic questions are based on compliance‐to‐protocol and intention‐to‐treat cohorts, respectively, and involve problems of compliance testing, evaluation of withdrawals, and the use of fixed‐dose regimens. The rather slow process for clinical trials to gain acceptance is described, and it is proposed to rely on disease‐related and behavioural barriers, lack of knowledge of the inherent limitations of methodology, and overemphasis on the subject of peptic ulcer healing, in addition to some concern at the relevance of assessing long‐term drug intervention by repeated endoscopies rather than by studying symptoms and the incidence of complications. We foresee an increased impact of clinical trials on ulcer research and therapeutic decision making, provided physicians are able to develop the proper methodology to answer the relevant questions.
Effect of naloxone, domperidone and idazoxan on the delay in gastric emptying induced by ileal lipid
Authors: WELCH I. McL. , BAXTER A. J. , READ N. W. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYStudies were carried out on 22 healthy male volunteers to investigate whether intravenous administration of either the opiate antagonist, naloxone, or the dopamine antagonist, domperidone, or the α2‐adrenoreceptor antagonist, idazoxan, could reverse the delay in gastric emptying induced by ileal infusion of lipid emulsion. Ileal infusion of 50% lipid emulsion signficantly delayed the rate of gastric emptying compared with ileal infusion of isotonic saline (P< 0.01). Intravenous infusion of naloxone (20 μg kg−1hour−1) or prior administration of either intravenous domperidone (20 mg) or idazoxan (0.2 mg kg−1) did not inhibit the delay in gastric emptying induced by ileal infusion of lipid emulsion. These observations indicate that feedback regulation of gastric emptying by ileal lipid does not appear to be mediated by either dopaminergic or enkephalinergic neurons, nor by α2‐adrenoreceptors.
What are the current possibilities in treating peptic ulcer disease?
Authors: DAMMANN H. G. , WALTER TH. A. , DREYER M. , DAU B. , MÜLLER P. , SIMON B. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThere are two major principles of ulcer therapy. Today, the most widely accepted drugs are those which substantially reduce aggressive factors (i.e. acid and pepsin), namely histamine H2‐receptor antagonists, antimuscarinics and antacids. Less frequently applied are mucoprotective agents like colloidal bismuth compounds and sucralfate. Prostaglandins both reduce acid secretion substantially and are believed to enhance mucosal resistance. Their anti‐ulcer efficacy, however, is solely explicable by their antisecretory activity. Although mucosa‐strengthening agents and H2‐receptor blockers have nearly identical healing rates, mucosa‐strengthening agents have inconvenient dosage regimens (four times or twice daily) and are probably less effective in relieving pain. The same holds true for antacids. Prostaglandins, antimuscarinics and antacids have dose related side effects. In contrast, H2‐receptor blockers are characterized by a clear mechanism of action, convenient dosage regimes, good tolerance and a low incidence of side‐effects. H2‐receptor antagonists are the most effective anti‐ulcer drugs presently available.
When should endoscopy (or radiology) be used in dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease?
Authors: COLIN‐JONES D.G. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIt is now possible readily to investigate dyspeptic symptoms using either a double‐contrast barium meal or upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The accuracy of endoscopy makes it preferable for routine use. As oesophagogastro‐duodenoscopy (OGD) is invasive, some risks (albeit very small) are involved. Moreover, this technique has some weaknesses. For these reasons, selection of patients is important. Organic disease is most likely to occur in older patients: anyone presenting with dyspepsia for the first time over the age of 40 years should be investigated automatically. In individuals under 40 years of age, organic disease is less common and some selection criteria should be applied to reduce the number of negative investigations. After age, smoking is probably the single most important adverse factor. For gastric ulcer, endoscopy with biopsy, repeated after a course of therapy, is routine, but for duodenal ulcer repeat examination need not normally be undertaken owing to the effectiveness of modern healing drugs. Methods for improving the diagnostic accuracy of patient histories and clinical examinations need to be developed in order to utilize diagnostic investigations more efficiently for the patients’benefit.
Double‐blind comparison of 5‐aminosalicylic acid and acetyl‐5‐aminosalicylic acid suppositories in patients with idiopathic proctitis
Authors: HOGEZAND R. A. VAN , HEES P. A. M. VAN , GORP J. P. W. M. VAN , LIER H. J. J. VAN , BAKKER J. H. , WESSELING P. , HAELST U. J. G. M. VAN , TONGEREN J. H. M. VAN 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYSuppositories containing 300 mg 5‐aminosalicylic acid (1.96 mmol) or 425 mg acety1‐5‐aminosalicylic acid (1.96 mmol) were used in 40 patients with idiopathic proctitis to determine the efficacy of acetyl‐5‐aminosalicylic acid in treating this bowel inflammation. Each patient was treated with 5‐aminosalicylic acid or acetyl‐5‐aminosalicylic acid suppositories twice daily for 4 weeks in a double‐blind trial. Four patients were included twice in the trial. The second time they were treated with the alternative regimen. Six patients in the acetyl‐5‐aminoscylic acid group did not complete the trial, four of them because of diarrhoea. Complete clinical remission with normal rectal mucosa on sigmoidoscopy was achieved in 10 out of 18 patients on 5‐aminosalicylic acid and in only two out of 15 in the acetyl‐5‐aminosalicylic acid group (P= 0.03). A favourable histological improvement was demonstrated with 5‐aminosalicylic acid suppositories, but the difference with acetyl‐5‐aminosalicylic acid was not significant (P= 0.059). Three of the four patients who received both drugs recovered with 5‐aminosalicylic acid; in none of them was acetyl‐5‐aminosalicylic acid effective. The results from this study and from previous investigations show that acetyl‐5‐aminosalicylic acid is not superior to placebo.
The actions of peppermint oil and menthol on calcium channel dependent processes in intestinal, neuronal and cardiac preparations
Authors: HAWTHORN M. , FERRANTE J. , LUCHOWSKI E. , RUTLEDGE A. , WEI X. Y. , TRIGGLE D. J. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe activities of menthol and peppermint oil were determined in guinea‐pig ileal smooth muscle, in rat and guinea‐pig atrial and papillary muscle, in rat brain synaptosomes and in chick retinal neurones by pharmacological45Ca2+uptake and radioligand binding assays. Menthol is a major constituent of peppermint oil and is approximately twice as potent as peppermint oil as an inhibitor of K+depolarization‐induced and electrically stimulated responses in ileum and electrically stimulated atrial and papillary muscles. IC50values in the ileal preparation ranged from 7.7 to 28.1 μg ml−1and in the cardiac preparations from 10.1 to 68.5 μg ml−1. Similar potencies were demonstrated against K+depolarization‐induced45Ca2+uptake in synaptosomes and against K+depolarization and Bay K 8644‐induced uptake in chick retinal neurons. IC50values for menthol inhibition of K+and Bay K 8644 responses in the retinal neurons were 1.1 × 10−4M (17.2 μg ml−1) and 1.75 × 10−4M (26.6 μg ml−I), respectively, and for peppermint oil were 20.3 and 41.7 μg ml−1respectively. Both menthol and peppermint oil inhibited specific [3H]nitrendipine and [3H]PN 200–110 binding to smooth and cardiac muscle and neuronal preparations with potencies comparable to, but slightly lower than, those measured in the pharmacological and45Ca2+uptake experiments. Binding of menthol and peppermint oil, studied at 78 μg ml−1, was competitive against [3H]nitrendipine in both smooth muscle and synaptosome preparations. The data indicate that both menthol and peppermint oil exert Ca2+channel blocking properties which may underlie their use in irritable bowel syndrome. Ca2+channel antagonism may not be the only pharmacological effect of menthol and peppermint oil contributing to intestinal smooth muscle relaxation.
Prophylaxis of aspirin‐induced gastric mucosal bleeding with ranitidine
Authors: HAWKEY C. J. , SOMERVILLE K. W. , MARSHALL S. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe ability of ranitidine to protect the human gastric mucosa against aspirin‐induced damage was investigated by timed measurements of blood loss collected by gastric washing. Ranitidine (150 mg) 1 h or 5 h before 900 mg aspirin (5 doses of each) over 48 h reduced subsequent mean bleeding from 7.7 μi/10 min to 2.6 μl/10 min or 3.4 μl/10 min, respectively. Both regimens were antisecretory at the time of aspirin administration, as judged by a rise in the pH of the aspirated washings. The prolonged protection against aspirin‐induced bleeding achieved with twice daily dosing with ranitidine has dinical potential in the management of patients taking anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Review: new aminosalicylic acid derivatives for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: ARVIND A. S. , FARTHING M. J. G. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYUp to 20–30% of patients treated with sulphasalazine experience a variety of adverse effects, principally due to the carrier moiety sulphapyridine. In the last decade there has been a major drive to develop a new generation of 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) and 5‐ASA‐related drugs which not only have a high efficacy but are also devoid of the unwanted side‐effects of sulphapyridine. Various forms of 5‐ASA have been evaluated in ulcerative colitis and appear to be effective orally in preventing relapse and topically in the treatment of active distal colitis. More recently, topical 4‐ASA has been found to be useful for the treatment of distal colitis with the advantage of better stability and lower cost compared with 5‐ASA. In the foreseeable future it seems likely that these new aminosalicylic acid derivatives will become the drugs of choice in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and largely replace sulphasalazine.
Enprostil inhibits post‐prandial gastrin release: a dose—response study
Authors: LANZON‐MILLER S. , ALLISON M. C. , POUNDER R. E. , BALL S. , HAMILTON M. R. , CHRONOS N. A. F. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study in nine healthy volunteers, the effects of single doses of oral enprostil (8.75, 17.5, 35 and 70 μg), taken before a standard breakfast, were assessed on the post‐prandial release of gastrin into the plasma. All doses of enprostil caused a significant dose‐related decrease in median post‐prandial plasma gastrin concentration (range from — 29 to — 44%). In the same subjects, two doses of 25 mg indomethacin caused a significant (38%) increase in median post‐prandial plasma gastrin concentration.
A double‐blind crossover comparison of lidamidine, loperamide and placebo for the control of chronic diarrhoea
Authors: ALLISON M. C. , SERCOMBE J. , POUNDER R. E. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYFourteen patients with chronic diarrhoea, but no evidence of active organic disease, completed a double‐blind crossover comparison of the anti‐diarrhoeal effects of loperamide, placebo and the clonidine analogue, lidamidine. Failure of diarrhoea control led to early withdrawals from seven placebo‐ and six lidamidine‐treatment periods, but there was only one early withdrawal during treatment with loperamide. Loperamide was found to be superior to lidamidine or placebo for the control of stool consistency in patients with chronic diarrhoea.