bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium fluoride induces podosome formation in endothelial cells
Authors: Tatin Florence , Grise Florence , Reuzeau Edith , Genot Elisabeth , Moreau Violaine 
Published: May 2010

Background information. Fluoride is a well‐known G‐protein activator. Exposure of cultured cells to its derivatives results in actin cytoskeleton remodelling. Podosomes are actin‐based structures endowed with adhesion and matrix‐degradation functions. This study investigates actin cytoskeleton reorganization induced by fluoride in endothelial cells.Results. Treatment of cultured endothelial cells with sodium fluoride (NaF) results in a rapid and potent stimulation of podosome formation. Furthermore, we show that Cdc42 (cell‐division cycle 42), Rac1 and RhoA activities are stimulated in NaF‐treated cells. However, podosome assembly is dependent on Cdc42 and Rac1, but not RhoA. Although the sole activation of Cdc42 is sufficient to induce individual podosomes, a balance between RhoGTPase activities regulates podosome formation in response to NaF, which in this case are often found in groups or rosettes. As in other models, podosome formation in endothelial cells exposed to NaF also involves Src. Finally, we demonstrate that NaF‐induced podosomes are fully competent for matrix protein degradation.Conclusions. Taken together, our findings establish NaF as a novel inducer of podosomes in endothelial cells in vitro.
Non‐Tariff Measures in Agri‐Food Trade: What Do the Data Tell Us? Evidence from a Cluster Analysis on OECD Imports
Authors: Disdier Anne‐Célia , van Tongeren Frank 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNon‐tariff measures (NTMs) play an increasing role in the international trade of agri‐food products. Although well‐recognized, this role has not been extensively analyzed at a disaggregated level. This paper focuses on NTMs enacted by member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development for 777 products. Using a cluster‐analysis, the paper identifies the correlation between the occurrence of NTMs, their trade coverage, and the incidence of trade frictions for these products. The paper relates the statistical findings to the political economy literature on protection to explain cross‐product differences in the occurrence of NTMs and trade frictions.
Prediction of protease substrates using sequence and structure features
Authors: Barkan David T. , Hostetter Daniel R. , Mahrus Sami , Pieper Ursula , Wells James A. , Craik Charles S. , Sali Andrej 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Motivation:Granzyme B (GrB) and caspases cleave specific protein substrates to induce apoptosis in virally infected and neoplastic cells. While substrates for both types of proteases have been determined experimentally, there are many more yet to be discovered in humans and other metazoans. Here, we present a bioinformatics method based on support vector machine (SVM) learning that identifies sequence and structural features important for protease recognition of substrate peptides and then uses these features to predict novel substrates. Our approach can act as a convenient hypothesis generator, guiding future experiments by high-confidence identification of peptide-protein partners.
Results:The method is benchmarked on the known substrates of both protease types, including our literature-curated GrB substrate set (GrBah). On these benchmark sets, the method outperforms a number of other methods that consider sequence only, predicting at a 0.87 true positive rate (TPR) and a 0.13 false positive rate (FPR) for caspase substrates, and a 0.79 TPR and a 0.21 FPR for GrB substrates. The method is then applied to ∼25 000 proteins in the human proteome to generate a ranked list of predicted substrates of each protease type. Two of these predictions, AIF-1 and SMN1, were selected for further experimental analysis, and each was validated as a GrB substrate.
Availability: All predictions for both protease types are publically available at http://salilab.org/peptide. A web server is at the same site that allows a user to train new SVM models to make predictions for any protein that recognizes specific oligopeptide ligands.
Contact: craik@cgl.ucsf.edu; sali@salilab.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online
DA 1.0: parameter estimation of biological pathways using data assimilation approach
Authors: Koh Chuan Hock , Nagasaki Masao , Saito Ayumu , Wong Limsoon , Miyano Satoru 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Summary: Data assimilation (DA) is a computational approach that estimates unknown parameters in a pathway model using time-course information. Particle filtering, the underlying method used, is a well-established statistical method that approximates the joint posterior distributions of parameters by using sequentially generated Monte Carlo samples. In this article, we report the release of Java-based software (DA 1.0) with an intuitive and user-friendly interface to allow users to carry out parameters estimation using DA.
Availability and Implementation: DA 1.0 was developed using Java and thus would be executable on any platform installed with JDK 6.0 (not JRE 6.0) or later. DA 1.0 is freely available for academic users and can be launched or downloaded from http://da.csml.org.
Contact: masao@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Wilfrid Sellars
Authors: Wolf Michael P. , Koons Jeremy Randel 
Published: May 2010

Wilfrid Sellars (b. 1912–d. 1989) did some of the most interesting and challenging work in Western philosophy in the 20th century. At a time when most philosophers were moving toward increasingly narrow specialization in their scholarship, he produced a large corpus that was both systematic and extensive in scope. Sellars is also a difficult philosopher to read, however. “I revise my papers until only I can understand them,” he is rumored to have said, “and then I revise them once more.” His prose is both idiosyncratic and ambitious, striking out in novel directions while striving to address the concerns of the past on every page. This article strives to address his most significant contributions to epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, and ethics. Most of the details of his work in the history of philosophy, particularly his work on Kant, are passed over. Wherever possible, original dates and sources of publication are included to give the reader a sense of the progression of Sellars’s work, but nearly all of these papers are included in one or more of the anthologies listed.
Leo X
Authors: Minnich Nelson H. 
Published: May 2010

The reign of Pope Leo X (Giovanni Damaso Romolo de’ Medici, b. 1475–d. 1521, pope 1512–1521) was conspicuously important for two main reasons. First, under his patronage, Rome became the center of the High Renaissance, attracting some of the most famous artists and writers of the period. Second, it was during his reign that the Protestant Reformation began, which was to split Western Christendom for the next five centuries.
Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia in Children: Is Octreotide an Effective and Safe Option in the Treatment?
Authors: Sari Sinan , Baris Zeren , Dalgic Buket 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTObjective:Octreotide has been suggested as a medical treatment option in refractory cases of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL). There are few data about the long‐term effect and safety of octreotide for IL in the literature. In the present article we analyzed pediatric cases of primary IL with long‐term octreotide treatment and discussed its safety profile.Methods:Between 1999 and 2008, 13 children were diagnosed in our clinic as having IL. Six patients with primary IL were followed up, receiving octreotide therapy. The clinical data of the patients and duration of therapy, dose, and side effects of octreotide were evaluated.Results:Octreotide, 15 to 20 μg per body weight 2 times daily subcutaneously, was given to all of the patients. Duration of the octreotide treatment changed between 3 and 37 months. Stool frequency decreased in all of the patients after starting octreotide treatment. Serum albumin could be maintained at normal levels in 3 patients. The requirement of albumin infusions decreased in all of the patients. Acute pancreatitis was observed as a side effect of octreotide in 1 patient.Conclusions:Octreotide may help to maintain serum albumin levels, improve clinical findings, and decrease the requirement of albumin infusions in refractory cases of primary IL.
Enhanced adherence to HCV therapy with higher dose ribavirin formulation: final analyses from the ADHERE registry
Authors: Alam I. , Stainbrook T. , Cecil B. , Kistler K. D. 
Published: May 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 535–542SummaryBackground  Poor adherence to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment is an important cause of treatment failure. Traditional ribavirin 200 mg (RBV) treatment is associated with a significant daily pill burden. RibaPak (RBP), available as 400 mg and 600 mg ribavirin tablets, offers simplified dosing at two pills daily.Aim  To examine whether improved adherence was associated with RBP vs. RBV.Methods  Accurate Dosing in Hepatitis C: Examining the RibaPak Experience (ADHERE) was a U.S., multi‐centre, prospective registry capturing data on adherence with RBP vs. RBV in adults with HCV. Adherence was measured by the proportion of subjects remaining on treatment at weeks 4, 12 and 24; by pill counts; and by the proportion of subjects who took ≥80% of their prescribed dose.Results A total of 503 patients (RBP = 346, RBV = 157) from 33 sites were included. A greater proportion of RBV vs. RBP subjects prematurely discontinued treatment. At 12 and 24 weeks, a greater proportion of RBP vs. RBV subjects took ≥80% of their prescribed doses (P < 0.05). For patients who remained on treatment, the mean milligrams missed per day was significantly greater for RBV vs. RBP at 24 weeks.Conclusions  First line treatment with RBP may offer the best prospect for less discontinuation and improved treatment adherence.
Effectiveness of antibiotics for acute sinusitis in real‐life medical practice
Authors: Blin Patrick , Blazejewski Sylvie , Lignot Séverine , Lassalle Régis , Bernard Marie‐Agnès , Jayles Delphine , Théophile Hélène , Bénichou Jacques , Demeaux Jean‐Louis , Ebbo David , Franck Jacques , Moride Yola , Peyramond Dominique , Rouveix Bernard , Sturkenboom Miriam , Gehanno Paul , Droz Cécile , Moore Nicholas 
Published: May 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Determining bacterial aetiology of acute sinusitis is difficult without employing invasive procedures.• Most episodes of acute sinusitis resolve spontaneously.• Antibiotics have demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis in clinical trials yet little is known of their effectiveness in real‐life treatment settings. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • Most cases of untreated acute sinusitis resolved spontaneously. Antibiotics were more effective when given within the first 10 days of treatment. This had no effect on later recurrence.• Patients with poor oro‐dental condition or recent antibiotic use may derive the most benefit from an antibiotic prescription and this should be considered by prescribers.• The antibiotics used were found to be equally effective.• Existing recommendations to identify acute sinusitis with high probability of bacterial origin, such as the French recommendations, fever or duration of symptoms fail to identify patients in whom antibiotics are more effective.AIMSTo assess the effectiveness of antibiotics in acute bacterial sinusitis.METHODSThis was a prospective cohort study with 2 months follow‐up of 5640 patients with acute sinusitis included by a random sample from 1174 GPs and 120 ENT specialists. Main outcomes were short‐term initial success, defined as the absence of prescription of (another) antibiotic or sinus lavage within 10 days, and lack of recurrence between the 11th and 60th day, after initial success.RESULTSInitial success was found in 88.7% (95% CI 85.1, 91.4%) of patients without antibiotic prescription at inclusion and 96.2% (95% CI 95.7, 96.7%) of patients prescribed antibiotics. The 10 day adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for treatment failure (new antibiotic prescription or sinus drainage) with initial antibiotics compared with no antibiotics was 0.30 (95% CI 0.21, 0.42) with no difference between antibiotics. Antibiotics were more effective in patients with poor oro‐dental condition (HR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01, 0.20) and in patients who had already used antibiotics during the previous 2 months (HR 0.09, 95% CI 0.03, 0.28). For patients without failure at 10 days, recurrence between the 11th and 60th day was similar whether or not they had initially been prescribed an antibiotic, 94.1% (95% CI 93.4, 94.7%) and 93.4% (95%CI 90.3, 95.5%), respectively.CONCLUSIONMost acute sinusitis cases not prescribed antibiotics resolve spontaneously. Antibiotics reduced by 3.3‐fold the risk of failure within 10 days, without impact on later recurrence. The greatest benefit of antibiotics was found for patients with poor oro‐dental condition or with antibiotic use within the previous 2 months.
Perceived adverse drug reactions among non‐institutionalized children and adolescents in Germany
Authors: Knopf Hildtraud , Du Yong 
Published: May 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT Drug safety in paediatric medication is a public health concern. According to previous studies, the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) varies greatly from 0.7% to 2.7% among paediatric outpatients and from 2.6% to 18.1% among paediatric inpatients. Little has been reported on the risks of drug use in the general child population. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS Our study showed that the prevalence of perceived ADRs in Germany was 0.9% among non‐institutionalized children in general and 1.7% among children who had used at least one medicine within the 7 days before the medical interview. Perceived ADRs in the general child population were clustered with gastrointestinal disorders and subcutaneous tissue disorders. They appeared to be mild and at the lower limits of the range reported in other studies. Health surveys covering the use of a diverse range of drugs might be suitable for computing ADR prevalence and for identifying risk factors among non‐institutionalized children. They should be taken into account together with other pharmacovigilance systems.AIMSLittle has been reported on the risks of drug use in the general child population. This study investigated perceived adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among non‐institutionalized children in Germany.METHODSAll medicines used in the last 7 days before the medical interview were recorded among the 17 450 children aged 0–17 years who participated in the 2003–06 German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). Perceived ADRs were reported by the children's parents and confirmed by trained medical professionals during the medical interview.RESULTSOne hundred and fifty‐seven medicines were involved in the occurrence of 198 perceived ADRs in 153 patients. This corresponded to 1.1% of total used drugs, 0.9% (95% confidence intervals 0.7, 1.1%) of all children, and 1.7% (1.4, 2.1%) of children treated with medications. About 40% of all perceived ADRs involved gastrointestinal disorders and 16% involved skin tissue disorders. Perceived ADRs were most frequently reported in relation to drugs acting on the nervous system (25.8%), followed by systemic anti‐infectives (18.7%) and drugs acting on the respiratory system (16.2%). Risk factors for perceived ADRs included older age groups, polypharmacy (≥2) and a poor health status.CONCLUSIONPerceived ADRs in the general child population were clustered with gastrointestinal disorders and subcutaneous tissue disorders. They appeared to be mild and at the lower limits of the range reported in other studies. Health surveys covering the use of a diverse range of drugs might be suitable for computing ADR prevalence and identifying risk factors among non‐institutionalized children. They should be taken into account together with other pharmacovigilance systems.
Estimates of asthma heritability in a large twin sample
Authors: Thomsen S. F. , Van Der Sluis S. , Kyvik K. O. , Skytthe A. , Backer V. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBackground
Asthma is a complex disease characterized by symptoms of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough.Objective
To study the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors in the liability to asthma in a large sample of twins.Methods
Data on asthma in 21 135 twin pairs, 3–71 years of age, from the Danish Twin Registry were collected via a multidisciplinary questionnaire survey. Heritability estimates were calculated using variance components models.Results
A monozygotic twin had an approximately sixfold increased risk of asthma whereas a dizygotic twin only had an approximately threefold increased risk relative to the general population if his or her co‐twin was affected. The difference was more pronounced among males. Familial aggregation of asthma in children and adolescents was explained mainly by additive genetic factors, but common environment was also important. The heritability of asthma was also substantial in adults aged 20–49 years. In older adults (aged 50–71 years), additive genetic factors did not significantly influence the disease risk.Conclusion
Genetic influences on asthma are substantial throughout the life span but the proportion of the disease liability explained by genetic factors is decreased in older adults. Cite this as: S. F. Thomsen, S. van der Sluis, K. O. Kyvik, A. Skytthe, V. Backer, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1054–1061.
Effects of soil‐surface microbial community phenotype upon physical and hydrological properties of an arable soil: a microcosm study
Authors: Jeffery S. , Harris J. A. , Rickson R. J. , Ritz K. 
Published: May 2010

The nature of the first few millimetres of the soil surface strongly affects water infiltration rates, generation of run‐off, soil detachment and sediment transport. We hypothesized that the phenotypic community structure of the soil‐surface microbiota affects the physical and hydrological properties of an arable soil. A range of contrasting microbial community phenotypes were established in microcosms by manipulating the wavelength of light reaching the soil surface, with the microcosms being incubated in the field for approximately 6 months. Phenotypes were characterized by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), ergosterol and chlorophyll analysis. The microcosms were then subjected to simulated rainfall at an intensity of 60 mm hour−1 for 20 minutes at a slope gradient of 9°. Water infiltration rates, run‐off generation, soil loss (including a particle‐size analysis of the sediment) and soil‐surface shear strength were quantified.Distinct microbial phenotypes developed on the soil surfaces with UV‐A and restricted‐UV treatments when compared with subsurface layers. There was significantly greater fungal biomass in the no‐light treatment when compared with all other treatments, with approximately 4.5 times more ergosterol being extracted from the subsurface layer of the no‐light treatment when compared with other treatments. The no‐light treatment produced the greatest amount of run‐off, which was approximately 15% greater than the restricted photosynthetically‐active radiation (PAR) treatment. Significant differences between treatments were also found in shear strengths, with increasing strength being correlated with increasing ergosterol concentration. Water infiltration, erosion and the sediment concentrations in run‐off were not significantly different between treatments. This work demonstrates that the quality of light reaching the soil surface affects the microbial phenotype, in turn producing functional consequences with regard to the physical and hydrological properties of arable soil surfaces.
Longevity cost of remaining unmated under dietary restriction
Authors: Stoltz Jeffrey A. , Hanna Ramez , Andrade Maydianne C.B. 
Published: May 2010

Summary 1. Increases in longevity from dietary restriction (DR) have been linked to the evolution of physiological strategies for maintaining lifetime reproductive output despite periods of nutritional deficiency. If this is the case, then reproductive life history and mating status should determine whether or not dietary restriction increases longevity. 2. We investigate the effects of DR and mating status (mated or unmated) on longevity and lifetime reproductive output and explore mechanisms underlying these patterns by measuring resting energetic rates and changes in mass over time. We study iteroparous female Australian redback spiders (Latrodectus hasselti), which are known to tolerate periods of starvation (ecologically relevant DR) in nature. 3. Mated DR females had the highest longevity of any experimental group, in strong contrast to results for semelparous males of this species [M.M. Kasumovic, M.C.B. Andrade & R.C. Brooks (2009), Biology Letters,5, 636]. Most strikingly, mated females (whether DR or not) had higher longevity than unmated females. 4. Mated females rapidly decreased their resting energetic rates and stopped egg production under DR. Once feeding returned to normal, resting energetic rates of mated females increased immediately, egg sac production continued and there was no net decrease in lifetime reproductive output relative to mated females without DR. 5. This shows DR increases longevity for mated females, but there is a longevity cost of remaining unmated, which may arise because unmated females (regardless of diet) maintained high energetic rates. This may be an evolved pattern of physiological support for reproductive readiness which exerts a fitness cost when mating is delayed. Taken together, these results suggest positive effects of DR on longevity critically depend on reproductive life history (iteroparity or semelparity) and individual mating status.
Future active layer dynamics and carbon dioxide production from thawing permafrost layers in Northeast Greenland
Authors: HOLLESEN J. , ELBERLING B. , JANSSON P. E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThawing permafrost and the resulting mineralization of previously frozen organic carbon (C) is considered an important future feedback from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere. Here, we use a dynamic process oriented permafrost model, the CoupModel, to link surface and subsurface temperatures from a moist permafrost soil in High‐Arctic Greenland with observed heat production and carbon dioxide (CO2) release rates from decomposition of previously frozen organic matter. Observations show that the maximum thickness of the active layer at the end of the summer has increased 1 cm yr−1 since 1996. The model is successfully adjusted and applied for the study area and shown to be able to simulate active layer dynamics. Subsequently, the model is used to predict the active layer thickness under future warming scenarios. The model predicts an increase of maximum active layer thickness from today 70 to 80–105 cm as a result of a 2–6 °C warming. An additional increase in the maximum active layer thickness of a few centimetres may be expected due to heat production from decomposition of organic matter. Simulated future soil temperatures and water contents are subsequently used with measured basal soil respiration rates in a respiration model to predict the corresponding depth‐integrated CO2 production from permafrost layers between 0.7 and 2 m below the surface. Results show an increase from present values of <40 g C m−2 yr−1 to between 120 and 213 g C m−2 yr−1 depending on the magnitude of predicted warming. These rates are more than 50% of the present soil CO2 efflux measured at the soil surface. Future modelling accounting for snow, vegetation and internal biological heat feedbacks are of interest in order to test the robustness of the above predictions and to describe the entire ecosystem response.