bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Past and future contribution of global groundwater depletion to sea‐level rise
Authors: Wada Yoshihide , van Beek Ludovicus P. H. , Sperna Weiland Frederiek C. , Chao Benjamin F. , Wu Yun‐Hao , Bierkens Marc F. P. 
Published: March 2012

Recent studies suggest the increasing contribution of groundwater depletion to global sea‐level rise. Groundwater depletion has more than doubled during the last decades, primarily due to increase in water demand, while the increase in water impoundments behind dams has been tapering off since the 1990s. As a result, the contribution of groundwater depletion to sea‐level rise is likely to dominate over those of other terrestrial water sources in the coming decades. Yet, no projections into the 21st century are available. Here we present a reconstruction of past groundwater depletion and its contribution to global sea‐level variation, as well as 21st century projections based on three combined socio‐economic and climate scenarios (SRES) with transient climate forcing from three General Circulation Models (GCMs). We validate and correct estimated groundwater depletion with independent local and regional assessments, and place our results in context of other terrestrial water contributions to sea‐level variation. Our results show that the contribution of groundwater depletion to sea‐level increased from 0.035 (±0.009) mm yr−1 in 1900 to 0.57 (±0.09) mm yr−1 in 2000, and is projected to increase to 0.82 (±0.13) mm yr−1 by the year 2050. We estimate the net contribution of terrestrial sources to be negative of order −0.15 (±0.09) mm yr−1 over 1970–1990 as a result of dam impoundment. However, we estimate this to become positive of order +0.25 (±0.09) mm yr−1 over 1990–2000 due to increased groundwater depletion and decreased dam building. We project the net terrestrial contribution to increase to +0.87 (±0.14) mm yr−1 by 2050. As a result, the cumulative contribution will become positive by 2015, offsetting dam impoundment (maximum −31 ± 3.1 mm in 2010), and resulting in a total rise of +31 (±11) mm by 2050.
Microbes inside—from diversity to function: the case of Akkermansia
Authors: Belzer Clara , de Vos Willem M 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The human intestinal tract is colonized by a myriad of microbes that have developed intimate interactions with the host. In healthy individuals, this complex ecosystem remains stable and resilient to stressors. There is significant attention on the understanding of the composition and function of this intestinal microbiota in health and disease. Current developments in metaomics and systems biology approaches allow to probe the functional potential and activity of the intestinal microbiota. However, all these approaches inherently suffer from the fact that the information on macromolecules (DNA, RNA and protein) is collected at the ecosystem level. Similarly, all physiological and other information collected from isolated strains relates to pure cultures grown in vitro or in gnotobiotic systems. It is essential to integrate these two worlds of predominantly chemistry and biology by linking the molecules to the cells. Here, we will address the integration of omics- and culture-based approaches with the complexity of the human intestinal microbiota in mind and the mucus-degrading bacteria Akkermansia spp. as a paradigm.
Citations to Australian Astronomy: 5- and 10-Year Benchmarks
Authors: Kenyon Katherine H. , Paramasivam Arjun , Tu Jiachin , Zhang Albert , Graham Alister W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractExpanding upon Pimbblet's 2011 analysis of careerh-indices for members of the Astronomical Society of Australia, we provide additional citation metrics which are geared to quantifying the current performance of all professional astronomers in Australia. We have trawled the staff web-pages of Australian Universities, Observatories and Research Organisations hosting professional astronomers, and identified 384 PhD-qualified, research-active, astronomers in the nation. 132 of these are not members of the Astronomical Society of Australia. Using the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System, we provide the three following common metrics based on publications in the first decade of the 21st century (2001–2010):h-index, author-normalised citation count and lead-author citation count. We additionally present a somewhat more inclusive analysis, applicable for many early-career researchers, that is based on publications from 2006–2010. Histograms and percentiles, plus top-performer lists, are presented for each category. Finally, building on Hirsch's empirical equation, we find that the (10-year)h-index and (10-year) total citation countTcan be approximated by the relationh(0.5 + √T)/√5 forh≳ 5.
Visible genetic polymorphisms in domesticated animal species.
Authors: Lauvergne J. J. , Millar P. , Meutchièye F. , Bouchel D. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Visible genetic polymorphisms are very frequent in domesticated animal species. Historically, they were used very early on by breeders to create standardized breeds. If flocks or herds breed at random, polymorphic populations occur (usually variegated, because most of the viable visible alleles that were kept after domestication act on coat colour) in agreement with the laws of population genetics, using the relative value of genotypic fitness coefficients. Such populations became known as primary populations or primary breeds. Numerous descriptions of polymorphic, variegated populations are available, especially for goats and sheep in Africa. Of these, many are probably primary breeds, but records of random mating (panmixia) are scarce. It appears that, after domestication, primary breeds arose, and it was within those that hot spots of standardization appeared later, resulting in standardized breeds.
The 2011 Josephine Waters Bennett Lecture: From the Sheephook to the Scepter: The Ambiguities of David's Rise to the Throne*
Authors: Prescott Anne Lake 
Published: March 2012

AbstractKing David's rise from tending sheep to governing Israel impressed Renaissance writers, not least the poets and clergymen who found a model in his musical “psalmograph.” Yet ambiguities nestle in allusions to his career. Though many stressed that his ascent was thanks to divine election and not to ambition or guile, the fact remained that David did not inherit his scepter. Europe, though, was for the most part ruled by those with dynastic claims, and it had a class system in which literal shepherds should know their place, even if the Bible asserts that the valleys shall be exalted and the mountains made low. Comments on kings and bishops as shepherds, on shepherds as kings, and on David's upward career are fascinating to trace precisely because their social and political context can give them the energy of a concealed ambivalence.
Extraordinary magnetoresistace in planar configuration
Authors: Oszwaldowski M , El-Ahmar S , Jankowski J 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) planar version of the construction of an extraordinary magnetoresistance (EMR) based magnetic field sensor is proposed and verified in practice. The proposed 2D planar construction differs from the standard three-dimensional (3D) constructions by the position of the metallic shunt. In the new construction the metallic thin film of the shunt is coplanar with the sensitive semiconductor thin film. One of the advantages of that physically 2D planar construction is that it can be easily realized with the standard thin-film technology. Another advantage is that it is applicable to the preparation of EMR sensors based on the high mobility electron/hole gas confined in the new electronic materials like graphene and the topological insulator thin films both being physically 2D by nature. The validity of the planar construction is experimentally confirmed for model EMR sensors based on InSb/Ag thin films. Some interesting physical properties of those sensors are also described.
Characteristics of InAs/InGaAs/GaAs QDs on GeOI substrates with single-peak 1.3 µm room-temperature emission
Authors: Liang Y Y , Yoon S F , Ngo C Y , Loke W K , Fitzgerald E A 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
GaAs-based quantum dot (QD) systems, especially InAs/InGaAs/GaAs QDs, have demonstrated superior device performances as compared with higher dimensional systems. However, to realize high-speed optical interconnects for Si-based electronics, one will need to grow the QDs on Si substrates. While it is promising to integrate the InAs/InGaAs/GaAs QDs on Si with the use of germanium-on-insulator-on-silicon (GeOI) substrates, reported results exhibit bimodal QD sizes and double emission peaks, i.e. unsatisfactory for realistic applications. In this paper, we showed that with an optimized GaAs buffer, single-peak 1.33 µm room-temperature emission can be obtained from InAs/InGaAs/GaAs QDs on GeOI substrates.
Diffraction radiation of a sub-wavelength hole array with dielectric medium loading
Authors: Zhang Ping , Zhang Yaxin , Hu Min , Liu Weihao , Zhou Jun , Liu Shenggang 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In this paper we show that under the excitation of a line current of electron beam, a dielectric medium loading in the lower half-space of a sub-wavelength hole array brings essential changes to the diffraction radiation. In the lower half-space, the surface wave becomes a radiation wave. The fundamental space harmonic is transformed into Cherenkov radiation with unique characteristics and the first negative space harmonic is converted into a radiation wave with the angle of Smith–Purcell radiation. Consequently, in the lower half-space interference happens due to these two kinds of diffraction radiation. The results of numerical calculations based on analytical theory agree well with that obtained by computer simulations. The mechanism may have good potential applications in modern physics.
Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of pregnancy‐induced hypertension
Authors: De Vera Mary A. , Bérard Anick 
Published: March 2012

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Antidepressants represent one of the most commonly used medications during pregnancy.• There is a scarcity of information on impact of medications on maternal health outcomes.• As the primary caregiver of the child, the mother's health and well‐being should carry significant weight when making decisions regarding medication use during pregnancy.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• Antidepressant use during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of pregnancy‐induced hypertension.• These findings highlight the importance of further research evaluating the impact of gestational medication use on the health of the mother.AIM Due to their effect on altering physiological interactions between vasodilator and vasoconstrictor autacoids in normal pregnancies, antidepressants may be associated with the risk of pregnancy‐induced hypertension. We evaluated the impact of antidepressant use during pregnancy on the risk of pregnancy‐induced hypertension.METHODS We conducted a nested case–control study within the Quebec Pregnancy Registry, built by linkage of provincial medical, pharmaceutical, hospital and birth databases. We identified 1216 women with a diagnosis of pregnancy‐induced hypertension with or without pre‐eclampsia and with no history of hypertension before pregnancy. We randomly selected 10 controls for each case, matched on case index date (date of diagnosis) and gestational age. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using conditional logistic regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, maternal depression, anxiety, other chronic conditions, medication use and health service utilization.RESULTS Among cases, 45 (3.7%) had used antidepressants during pregnancy compared with 300 (2.5%) in the control group (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.10, 2.09). After adjusting for potential confounders, use of antidepressants during pregnancy was significantly associated with increased risk of pregnancy‐induced hypertension (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.01, 2.33). In stratified analyses, use of selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitors (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.00, 2.55), and more specifically, paroxetine (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.02, 3.23) was associated with risk of pregnancy‐induced hypertension.CONCLUSIONS Women who use antidepressants during pregnancy are at increased risk of pregnancy‐induced hypertension with or without pre‐eclampsia above and beyond the risk that could be attributed to their depression or anxiety disorders.
Apoptosis in Buruli ulcer: a clinicopathological study of 45 cases
Authors: Zavattaro Elisa , Boccafoschi Francesca , Borgogna Cinzia , Conca Alessandro , Johnson Roch Christian , Sopoh Ghislain Emmanuel , Dossou Ange Dodji , Colombo Enrico , Clemente Claudio , Leigheb Giorgio , Valente Guido 
Published: March 2012

Zavattaro E, Boccafoschi F, Borgogna C, Conca A, Johnson R C, Sopoh G E, Dossou A D, Colombo E, Clemente C, Leigheb G & Valente G  (2012) Histopathology 61, 224–236Apoptosis in Buruli ulcer: a clinicopathological study of 45 casesAims:  To investigate the presence and pathogenetic role of apoptosis in Buruli ulcer (BU), a highly destructive skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans.Methods and results:  Forty‐five skin biopsies obtained from 30 Beninese patients affected by BU, in different clinical and therapeutic periods, were analysed for the main histopathological features (inflammatory infiltration, necrosis, sclerosis, oedema, granulomas and nerve damage). Immunofluorescent detection of antigens (anti‐Bax, anti‐caspases‐3 and ‐8), together with deoxyuridine, 5′‐triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, were also performed. A significant decrease in inflammatory infiltration (P = 0.0001) was detected between the beginning and end of antibiotic treatment. Neutrophils predominated in the first phase, while lymphocytes and plasma cells were increased at the end of the therapy. An inverse correlation between tissue necrosis and sclerosis was observed (P = 0.001). In 11 cases, inflammatory and regressive changes involved the nerve bundles with axonal degeneration and disruption of nerve fibres. TUNEL assay detected apoptotic bodies within nerve bundles, and these decreased from beginning to end of therapy. Bax, caspase‐3 and ‐8 were down‐regulated over the course of antibiotic therapy.Conclusions:  In BU, apoptosis plays a role in promoting and sustaining the destructive changes and is implicated in the neural pathology that is associated with clinically detected anaesthesia.
Compassion fatigue in family caregivers: a Wilsonian concept analysis
Authors: Lynch Susan H , Lobo Marie L 
Published: March 2012

lynch s.h. & lobo m.l. (2012) Compassion fatigue in family caregivers: a Wilsonian concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(9), 2125–2134.AbstractAim.  An analysis of the concept of compassion fatigue in family caregivers.Background.  The term ‘compassion fatigue’ is predominantly used with professional caregivers, such as nurses, doctors and social workers. Secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and other related terms are often cited in the literature in conjunction with compassion fatigue. Although compassion fatigue is linked to professional caregivers as a result of exposure to traumatizing events, minimal knowledge has been developed regarding its presence in family caregivers.Data sources.  Literature published between 1980–2010 from the humanities, nursing and the social sciences, including psychology, sociology, social work, and religion, was reviewed. Data sources included dictionaries, newspapers and multiple academic databases, such as Academic Search Complete, Atla, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and PubMed.Review methods.  Wilson’s concept analysis strategy was employed to frame the analysis of compassion fatigue, using model, contrary, related, and borderline cases to illustrate the concept’s meaning in relation to family caregivers.Results.  Analysis revealed that the concept is predominantly used in relation to healthcare providers. Parallels are drawn between the role of healthcare providers and family caregivers. Compassion fatigue occurs when a care‐giving relationship founded on empathy potentially results in a deep psychological response to stress that progresses to physical, psychological, spiritual, and social exhaustion in the family caregiver.Conclusion.  This concept analysis clarified the definition and revealed that the concept of compassion fatigue has potential use with family caregivers. Implications for practice and research are identified.
Diversity in prokaryotic glycosylation: an archaeal‐derived N‐linked glycan contains legionaminic acid
Authors: Kandiba Lina , Aitio Olli , Helin Jari , Guan Ziqiang , Permi Perttu , Bamford Dennis H. , Eichler Jerry , Roine Elina 
Published: March 2012

SummaryVP4, the major structural protein of the haloarchaeal pleomorphic virus, HRPV‐1, is glycosylated. To define the glycan structure attached to this protein, oligosaccharides released by β‐elimination were analysed by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Such analyses showed that the major VP4‐derived glycan is a pentasaccharide comprising glucose, glucuronic acid, mannose, sulphated glucuronic acid and a terminal 5‐N‐formyl‐legionaminic acid residue. This is the first observation of legionaminic acid, a sialic acid‐like sugar, in an archaeal‐derived glycan structure. The importance of this residue for viral infection was demonstrated upon incubation with N‐acetylneuraminic acid, a similar monosaccharide. Such treatment reduced progeny virus production by half 4 h post infection. LC‐ESI/MS analysis confirmed the presence of pentasaccharide precursors on two different VP4‐derived peptides bearing the N‐glycosylation signal, NTT. The same sites modified by the native host, Halorubrum sp. strain PV6, were also recognized by the Haloferax volcanii N‐glycosylation apparatus, as determined by LC‐ESI/MS of heterologously expressed VP4. Here, however, the N‐linked pentasaccharide was the same as shown to decorate the S‐layer glycoprotein in this species. Hence, N‐glycosylation of the haloarchaeal viral protein, VP4, is host‐specific. These results thus present additional examples of archaeal N‐glycosylation diversity and show the ability of Archaea to modify heterologously expressed proteins.
Secondary traumatic stress and associated factors among Japanese nurses working in hospitals
Authors: Komachi Miyuki H , Kamibeppu Kiyoko , Nishi Daisuke , Matsuoka Yutaka 
Published: March 2012

Komachi MH, Kamibeppu K, Nishi D, Matsuoka Y. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2012; 18: 155–163Secondary traumatic stress and associated factors among Japanese nurses working in hospitalsNurses can experience secondary traumatic events while caring for patients. However, the severity of this issue is underestimated in Japan. To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with secondary traumatic stress among general hospital nurses, we carried out a cross‐sectional study at a general hospital in August 2006. The rate of experiencing secondary trauma was 90.3% (159 of 176 nurses; 52.1% response rate). The median score of the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised was 4.0 (range, 0–56). In multiple regression analyses, variables correlated with the Impact of Event Scale included neuroticism, trauma severity and feelings of self‐reproach. It is necessary to develop support systems for nurses at risk for secondary traumatic stress.
Rituximab‐induced interstitial lung disease in a patient with immune thrombocytopenia purpura
Authors: Child N. , O'Carroll M. , Berkahn L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report the case of an 84‐year‐old man with refractory immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) who was treated with rituximab and subsequently developed severe interstitial lung disease. There has been increasing use of rituximab in the treatment of ITP with success rates of up to 62% in adult patients with recurrent ITP. Interstitial lung disease is a rare but recognised complication of rituximab but has been rarely reported in the setting of ITP.
The determinants of leaf turgor loss point and prediction of drought tolerance of species and biomes: a global meta‐analysis
Authors: Bartlett Megan K. , Scoffoni Christine , Sack Lawren 
Published: March 2012

Ecology Letters (2012) 15: 393–405AbstractIncreasing drought is one of the most critical challenges facing species and ecosystems worldwide, and improved theory and practices are needed for quantification of species tolerances. Leaf water potential at turgor loss, or wilting (πtlp), is classically recognised as a major physiological determinant of plant water stress response. However, the cellular basis of πtlp and its importance for predicting ecological drought tolerance have been controversial. A meta‐analysis of 317 species from 72 studies showed that πtlp was strongly correlated with water availability within and across biomes, indicating power for anticipating drought responses. We derived new equations giving both πtlp and relative water content at turgor loss point (RWCtlp) as explicit functions of osmotic potential at full turgor (πo) and bulk modulus of elasticity (ε). Sensitivity analyses and meta‐analyses showed that πo is the major driver of πtlp. In contrast, ε plays no direct role in driving drought tolerance within or across species, but sclerophylly and elastic adjustments act to maintain RWCtlp, preventing cell dehydration, and additionally protect against nutrient, mechanical and herbivory stresses independent of drought tolerance. These findings clarify biogeographic trends and the underlying basis of drought tolerance parameters with applications in comparative assessments of species and ecosystems worldwide.
Electrophysiological studies in American Quarter horses with neuroaxonal dystrophy
Authors: Finno Carrie J. , Aleman Monica , Ofri Ron , Hollingsworth Steven R. , Madigan John E. , Winfield Laramie , Bannasch Danika L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective: Neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) is a disease characterized by the sudden onset of neurologic signs in horses ranging from 4 to 36 months of age. Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (EDM), a disease that has been associated with low vitamin E concentrations, is considered a more advanced form of NAD. The objective of this report is to describe the electrophysiological features of NAD/EDM in American Quarter horses (QHs).Horses: Six NAD/EDM‐affected QHs and six unaffected QHs were evaluated by ophthalmic examination and electroretinography. Five of the NAD/EDM‐affected QH and five unaffected QHs were also evaluated by electroencephalography (EEG).Results: Ophthalmic examination, ERGs, and EEGs were unremarkable in NAD/EDM cases.Conclusions: Neuroaxonal dystrophy/EDM does not appear to cause clinical signs of ocular disease or functional ERG/EEG deficits in QHs.
Scedosporium apiospermumkeratomycosis in a dog
Authors: Newton Emma J. W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA 6‐year‐old male castrated Norfolk Terrier dog was examined following a 21‐day history of an increasingly painful eye. Examination revealed marked blepharospasm and purulent ocular discharge associated with an ulcerative keratitis. There was panstromal corneal opacity with raised gray to white lesions. Corneal cytology demonstrated branching septate fungal hyphae identified by polymerase chain reaction asScedosporium apiospermum. Treatment with topical 1% voriconazole solution was successful in resolving the keratomycosis.