bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint analysis of JUICE and Europa Clipper tracking data to study the Jovian system ephemerides and dissipative parameters
Authors: Magnanini Andrea , Zannoni Marco , Casajus Luis Gomez , Tortora Paolo , Lainey Valery , Mazarico Erwan , Park Ryan S. , Iess Luciano 
Published: April 2024

Context. Jupiter and its moons form a complex dynamical system that includes several coupling dynamics at different frequencies. In particular the Laplace resonance is fundamental to maintaining the energy dissipation that sustain Io’s volcanic activity and Europa’s subsurface ocean; studying its stability is thus crucial for characterizing the potential habitability of these moons. The origin and evolution of the Laplace resonance is driven by the strong tidal interactions between Jupiter and its Galilean moons, and the future planetary exploration missions JUICE and Europa Clipper could bring new light to this unsolved mechanism. During the Jupiter tours of both missions and JUICE’s Ganymede orbital phase, two-way radiometric range and Doppler data will be acquired between Earth ground stations and the spacecraft, which will be processed to recover the static and time-varying gravity field of the moons. Moreover, range and Doppler data will improve the orbit accuracy of the moons, providing precise measurements of Jupiter’s tidal parameters.
Aims. This work presents a covariance analysis of the joint orbit determination of JUICE and Europa Clipper, aimed at quantifying the expected uncertainties on the main parameters that characterize the dynamics of the Jupiter system.
Methods. We simulated radio science data from JUICE and Clipper missions under conservative noise assumptions, using a multi-arc approach to estimate the ephemerides and dissipation in the system.
Results. Even though JUICE and Europa Clipper will not perform flybys of Io, the strong coupling with Europa and Ganymede will allow an improvement of our knowledge of the Jupiter-Io dissipation parameters thanks to JUICE and Europa Clipper radiometric data. Moreover, the expected uncertainty in Jupiter’s dissipation at the frequency of Callisto could unveil a potential resonance locking mechanism between Jupiter and Callisto.
Faraday tomography of LoTSS-DR2 data
Authors: Erceg Ana , Jelić Vibor , Haverkorn Marijke , Bracco Andrea , Ceraj Lana , Turić Luka , Soler Juan D. 
Published: April 2024

Context. We conducted a follow-up study on the analysis of the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) mosaic in the high-latitude outer Galaxy presented in the first paper of this series. Here, we focus on the search for alignment between the magnetic field traced by dust, HI filaments, starlight optical linear polarisation, and linear depolarised structures (depolarisation canals) observed in low-frequency synchrotron polarisation. This alignment was previously found in several smaller fields observed with LOFAR, offering valuable insights into the nature of the interstellar medium and the 3D spatial distribution of the diffuse ionised medium.
Aims. We aim to determine whether the alignment of the interstellar medium (ISM) phases observed through multiple tracers is a common occurrence or an exception. Additionally, in areas where depolarisation canals align with the magnetic field, we use starlight polarisation to constrain the distance to the structures associated with the observed canals.
Methods. We employed the Rolling Hough Transform (RHT) and projected Rayleigh statistics (PRS) to identify and quantify the alignment between the different tracers. We used these tools to detect linear features in the data and quantify the significance of the orientation trends between pairs of tracers.
Results. On the scale of the whole mosaic, we did not find any evidence of a universal alignment among the three tracers. However, in one particular area, the western region (Dec between 29° and 70° and RA between 7h44m and 9h20m), we do find a significant alignment between the magnetic field, depolarisation canals, and HI filaments. Based on this alignment, we used the starlight polarisation of stars with known parallax distances to estimate that the minimum distance to the structures observed by LOFAR in this region lies within the range of 200 to 240 pc. We associate these structures with the edge of the Local Bubble.
Electrodiagnostic Biomarkers in Paraneoplastic Retinopathy
Authors: Gougoulakis Laura Sophie , Rothermundt Christian , Flynn Marie-Claire , Jörger Markus , Todorova Margarita G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective Paraneoplastic retinopathy (PNR) is a rapid-onset photoreceptor and post-photoreceptor dysfunction triggered by a cross-reaction between antigens expressed by the underlying tumour and retinal proteins. The present study aims to determine the electrodiagnostic biomarkers that support the diagnosis of PNR and evaluate the effect of treatment.
Methods A retrospective observational case-controlled study including 25 patients with suspected PNR, of which 11 patients were diagnosed with PNR. The presence of PNR was confirmed based on clinical examination, supported by colour fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, retinal vessel oximetry, colour test, full-field electroretinogram (ffERG), on-/off ERG, S-cone ERG, and multifocal ERG (mfERG). The relationships between the clinical symptomatology and the effect of therapy were evaluated.
Results All PNR patients (Nr: 11) presented with subjective symptoms of newly reported central vision or visual field deterioration. Posterior segment findings showed a severe patchy-like retinal atrophy, attenuation of the retinal vessels, and a waxy optic disc. Optical coherence tomography revealed a discontinued ISe line, and multiple hyperreflective foci. Retinal vessel oxygen saturation was increased. Multifocal ERG revealed reduced central and paracentral responses and ffERG severely attenuated scotopic-, photopic-, on-/off- and S-cone responses. The colour vision test revealed a tritan-tetartan-weakness. Two of the PNR patients underwent rituximab therapy with no further progression and even recovery of electrodiagnostic responses.In 1 nPNR (non-paraneoplastic retinopathy) patient (total Nr: 14) pseudoxanthoma elasticum-related retinopathy was the reason for impaired vision. In 3 of 13 patients with bronchopulmonary cancer a MEK- and FGFR-inhibitor- drug toxicity was the reason for the visual deterioration.
Conclusion Careful investigation for signs of central and/or peripheral visual field deterioration must be performed in the presence of history of a co-existing malignancy. The possibility of PNR should be taken into account. The electrodiagnostic biomarkers, suggested in this study, may help to promptly recognise PNR and also to evaluate the effect of implemented therapy.
Krankenhäuser zwischen Bedarfs-, Effizienz- und
Qualitätsparadigma
Authors: Schmid Andreas 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie dem Krankenhaussektor in den nächsten Jahren bevorstehenden Herausforderungen
sind wesentlich durch Knappheit an Ressourcen – personell wie finanziell –
geprägt. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, welcher Art die gesundheitspolitischen
Interventionen der letzten Jahre waren und analysiert, inwiefern diese Teil der
Lösung oder eher Teil des Problems sind. Als Beispiel dienen die
Pflegepersonaluntergrenzen sowie das Pflegebudget. Es wird gefolgert, dass eine
stark an Strukturvorgaben ansetzende Politik kontraproduktiv ist und weder
Bedarfsgerechtigkeit noch Effizienz- und Qualitätsziele damit erreicht werden.
Als Alternative wird ein gezielter Rückbau von Strukturvorgaben und eine
stärkere Orientierung an erzielten Ergebnissen skizziert.
Glaukompatient mit Verdacht auf Flammer-Syndrom: diagnostische Schritte und therapeutische Konsequenzen
Authors: Konieczka Katarzyna 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungEntwickelt sich ein Glaukomschaden trotz eines völlig normalen Augendruckes oder schreitet der Schaden trotz gut eingestellten Augendruckes weiter voran, dann finden wir meist andere Risikofaktoren. Eine wichtige Gruppe sind die vaskulären Faktoren. Dabei sollten wir uns nicht nur auf die klassischen Risikofaktoren der Arteriosklerose, wie die arterielle Hypertonie oder die Dyslipidämie fokussieren, sondern auch auf Fehlregulationen der Durchblutung, insbesondere auf die primäre vaskuläre Dysregulation (PVD). Ein tiefer Blutdruck, jetzt oder in der Jugend, ein niedriger Body-Mass-Index oder oft kalte Hände und Füße geben wichtige Hinweise. Sehr oft ist eine PVD gekoppelt mit einer Reihe von anderen Symptomen und Zeichen, dann sprechen wir von einem Flammer-Syndrom (FS). Bei Hinweisen auf ein FS machen wir eine gezielte Anamnese, eine 24-h-Blutdruckmessung, eine Messung des retinalen Venendruckes, eine dynamische retinale Gefäßanalyse oder eine Nagelfalz-Kapillarmikroskopie.
Das empfiehlt sich insbesondere dann, wenn der Patient noch relativ jung ist oder der Schaden rasch fortschreitet. Erhärtet sich der Verdacht, dann versuchen wir, die Blutdruckabfälle zu vermindern, den retinalen Venendruck zu senken, die Regulation der Durchblutung zu verbessern und den oxidativen Stress in den Mitochondrien zu reduzieren.
Neuro-urologische Diagnostik und Therapie nicht traumatischer/degenerativ bedingter neurogener Dysfunktion des unteren Harntraktes am Beispiel der Multiplen Sklerose
Authors: Kurze Ines , Jaekel Anke K. 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie neurogene Dysfunktion des unteren Harntrakts bei Multipler Sklerose wird häufig
unterschätzt, unterdiagnostiziert und unzureichend behandelt. Sie tritt in Abhängigkeit vom
Krankheitsverlauf und der Lokalisation der nervalen Schädigung in unterschiedlicher Häufigkeit
und in Form verschiedenster Störungen von Harnspeicherung und Harnentleerung auf. Symptome wie
Harninkontinenz, rezidivierende Harnwegsinfektionen, Drangsymptomatik, Pollakisurie,
abgeschwächter Harnstrahl, Startverzögerung sowie Restharnbildung sind möglich. Jedoch erlaubt
die Symptomatik keinen Rückschluss auf die zugrunde liegende Art der neurogenen Dysfunktion
des unteren Harntrakts. Zwar liegen heute zahlreiche Daten, Publikationen und Leitlinien zu diesem Thema vor;
einheitliche, in prospektiven Studien überprüfte Screeningparameter und Algorithmen stehen für
die Multiple Sklerose jedoch aus. Diese Übersicht stellt die aktuellen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten der
neurogenen Dysfunktion des unteren Harntrakts bei Multipler Sklerose dar. Problematisch ist
hierbei die initial deutlich verzögerte Diagnosestellung, welche nicht zuletzt auf eine
mangelnde Kommunikation zwischen Neurolog/innen und Urolog/innen zurückzuführen ist. Erste
Hinweise auf das Vorhandensein einer neurogenen Dysfunktion des unteren Harntrakts ergeben
sich aus aktivem Fragen nach subjektivem Vorhandensein von Symptomen wie Harninkontinenz oder
Auftreten von Harnwegsinfekten. Allerdings schließt eine subjektive Symptomlosigkeit eine
neurogene Dysfunktion des unteren Harntrakts nicht aus. Unabhängig vom Krankheitsstadium soll frühzeitig und individualisiert eine
neuro-urologische Diagnostik und Therapie erfolgen. Bei der neuro-urologischen
Therapieentscheidung sind alle Schädigungsaspekte und der Umfang der Funktionsdefizite anderer
Organsysteme im Rahmen der Grunderkrankung der Multiplen Sklerose zu berücksichtigen. Letztlich ist der enge und konsequente interdisziplinäre Austausch zwischen Neurologie,
Allgemeinmedizin und Urologie unerlässlich. Dieses interdisziplinäre und interprofessionelle
Denken und Handeln ist Voraussetzung, um die zahlreichen konservativen und invasiven
therapeutischen Maßnahmen optimal zur Anwendung bringen zu können. Eine lebenslange,
individuelle, risikoadaptierte urologische Betreuung zur Früherkennung und Prävention
neuro-urologischer Komplikationen soll Betroffenen mit Multipler Sklerose angeboten werden.
Der 1 cm UKG-Stein: ESWL, URS oder Mini-PCNL? Leitlinien versus Realität
Authors: Olbert Peter Jochen 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Harnsteine der oberen, ableitenden Harnwege erfüllen durch ihre hohe Inzidenz und Prävalenz sowie auch in gesundheitspolitisch-finanzieller Hinsicht die Kriterien für eine Volkskrankheit. Ein erheblicher Anteil der neu diagnostizierten Nierensteine sind Unterpolsteine, betreffen also die untere Kelchgruppe des Nierenbeckenkelchsystems. Diese werden häufig als Zufallsbefund diagnostiziert, also als Zufallsbefund im Rahmen von Ultraschall- oder CT-Diagnostik aus anderen Gründen, oder als „Zweit-Steine“ bei der diagnostischen Aufarbeitung von symptomatischen Harnsteinen an anderen Lokalisationen. Eine weitere, quantitativ bedeutende Gruppe wird durch Rest-Desintegrate nach extrakorporaler Stoßwellenlithotripsie (ESWL) oder endoskopischer Steintherapie. Diese zufällig entdeckten Unterpolsteine zeichnen sich oft durch ihre geringe Größe und die fehlende Symptomatik aus. Nun liegt es nahe, dass ein Teil dieser kleinen, asymptomatischen Unterpolsteine nicht immer klein und asymptomatisch bleibt, und dass eine Therapie mit zunehmender Größe eher aufwendiger wird.

Interessanterweise finden sich im Verlauf der letzten 20 Jahre erstaunlich wenig publizierte Studien auf hohem Evidenzniveau, die imstande sind, die Fragestellung dieser Übersichtsarbeit schlüssig und reproduzierbar zu beantworten.

Kleine, asymptomatische Steine können beobachtet werden. Symptomatische und schnell wachsende sollten behandelt werden. Valide Risikofaktoren, die die Identifikation von Subgruppen erlauben, die man prophylaktisch schon im asymptomatischen Stadium behandeln sollte, fehlen nach wie vor.

Bei der aktiven Therapie gilt genau wie vor 10 oder 20 Jahren der Grundsatz: Steinfreiheit in einer Therapiesitzung wird mit einer erhöhten Komplikationsrate bezahlt, wobei zunehmende Miniaturisierung in der Endourologie (retrograd und perkutan) sowie die immer effektiver werdende Laser-Desintegration dieses Grundprinzip mehr und mehr zugunsten von flexibler URS und (mini, micro) PCNL verschieben. Der Indikationsbereich für die ESWL wird ohne Zweifel immer kleiner, dies gilt auch für Unterpolsteine. Die Ergebnisse einer laufenden, allerdings mit Rekrutierungsproblemen kämpfenden, prospektiv randomisierten Studie zum Vergleich der verschiedenen Behandlungsmodalitäten stehen noch aus.
Triton B Catalyzed Rapid and Mild Synthetic Protocol for both Henry Reaction of Isatin and Michael Reaction of Chalcone with Nitroalkane
Authors: Begari Eeshwaraiah , Talukdar Mrinal , Islam Nasreen , Mishra Akanksha , Dave Alpa Y 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA highly efficient and general synthetic protocol for both Henry and Michael reactions was developed using metal-free catalyst Triton B (benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide) and isatins and chalcones, respectively. This methodology is inexpensive, the reagents are easy to handle, and the approach offers wide functional group tolerance of isatins and chalcones. The base catalyst Triton B is less toxic, recyclable, and reusable. This efficient method reduces reaction times, minimizes reagent excess, avoids chromatography, and is aligned with sustainable chemistry principles, offering eco-friendly applications in diverse industries.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors' Mechanism of Action and Use in Kidney Transplantation Recipients: Extended Review and Update
Authors: Habas Elmukhtar , Habas Ala , Elzouki Islam , Alfitori Gamal , Arrayes Elmehdi , Rayani Amnna , Farfar Kalifa , Habas Eshrak , Elzouki Abdel-Naser 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFive sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) protein family members are important for regulating blood glucose levels. The essential cotransporters for glucose reabsorption by proximal convoluted tubule are SGLT1 and 2. The newest recommendations advocate GLT2 inhibitors as first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D) with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD), improving CKD and cardiovascular outcomes.SGLT2 inhibitors enhance kidney transplant patients' life quality, delay CKD progression, have renoprotective effects, and reduce cardiovascular disease in CKD patients, despite minimal published evidence on the usage of SGLT2 inhibitors in kidney transplantation recipients (KTxRs) with T2D or new-onset T2D. They preserve and improve renal function and cardiovascular outcomes in KTxRs. SGLT2 inhibitors' safety issues have prevented KTxRs from participating in major randomized studies, leaving doctors and patients unsure whether these extraordinary drugs outweigh the risks.This extended review analyzes the established mechanisms through which SGLT2 inhibitors exert their positive effects, evaluate the potential advantages and drawbacks of these agents in KTx, and examine the current research findings on using SGLT2 inhibitors in KTxRs. Additionally, potential avenues for future research will be suggested. Different phrases were used to search for recent original and review articles published between January 2020 and November 2023 in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google to achieve the review objectives.
The Role of 68Ga PSMA Imaging in Evaluating Adrenal Lesions in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Üstün Funda , Günay Büşra Özdemir , Ustabaşıoğlu Fethi Emre , Korkmaz Selçuk 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) imaging is valuable for staging because an accurate diagnosis, metastatic or nonmetastatic for prostate cancer patients, is required for deciding to treatment approaches and prognostic assessment. The aim of this study was primarily to distinguish between benign and metastatic adrenal gland lesions detected during 68Ga-PSMA positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging, to evaluate the presence of factors predicting its development, and then to determine the life expectancy of patients with metastatic adrenal lesions.
Materials and Methods We performed a database search for PET/CT records generated from June 2016 to February 2021 for “adrenal gland” in report for patients who underwent 68Ga-PSMA examination with prostate cancer patients.
Results Twenty-three patients (10 benign and 13 metastatic) were included in this study. The total prostate-specific antigen, adrenal gland size, adrenal gland density, and maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) values are significantly different between groups (p < 0.05). On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the SUVmax cutoff value > 6.8 provided both sensitivity and specificity of 100%. However, with 29 mm as the adrenal gland size cutoff and 21.2 as Hounsfield unit, the sensitivity and specificity were 56.2 and 92.3%, and 93.8 and 92.3%, respectively. The survival of the benign and metastatic groups was compared and a statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.006). The presence of pelvic lymph nodes was statistically negatively affected the surveillance between the groups.
Conclusion The presence of atypical metastases such as adrenal gland is not insignificant in prostate cancer patients. Because of this degree of impact on patient management, accurate staging by imaging with 68Ga-PSMA should be an integral part of prostate cancer management.
Sjögren: unique surname, two men, four syndromes and one disease
Authors: Rodrigues José Vitor Alécio , Lima Fábio Antônio Serra de , Barros Daniel Pereira Maurício de , Franklin Gustavo Leite , Nepomuceno Adriana Meira Tiburtino , Braz Alessandra de Sousa , Teive Hélio A. G. , Meira Alex T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHenrik and Torsten Sjögren (/ˈʃoʊɡrən/ or SHOH–grən) were two Swedish physicians living in the same period, but completely unrelated, except for their notable contributions to Medicine. The first one described keratoconjunctivitis sicca, afterward called Sjögren's syndrome, and a fishing net aspect retinal pigmentation affecting visual acuity, nowadays known as Sjögren reticular dystrophy. The last one contributed to the understanding of Spielmeyer-Sjögren disease, Marinesco-Sjögren, and Sjögren-Larsson syndromes, all related to genetic disorders and neurological symptoms. In this paper, we aim to describe each disorder, in order to avoid any misunderstanding in diagnosis and for historical record.
Fundamentals of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease in clinical practice: part 2
Authors: Moscovich Mariana , Aquino Camila Henriques de , Marinho Murilo Martinez , Barcelos Lorena Broseghini , Felício André C. , Halverson Matthew , Hamani Clement , Ferraz Henrique Ballalai , Munhoz Renato Puppi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe field of neuromodulation has evolved significantly over the past decade. Developments include novel indications and innovations of hardware, software, and stimulation techniques leading to an expansion in scope and role of these techniques as powerful therapeutic interventions. In this review, which is the second part of an effort to document and integrate the basic fundamentals and recent successful developments in the field, we will focus on classic paradigms for electrode placement as well as new exploratory targets, mechanisms of neuromodulation using this technique and new developments, including focused ultrasound driven ablative procedures.
Platelet Physiology
Authors: Gremmel Thomas , Frelinger Andrew L. , Michelson Alan D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlatelets are the smallest blood cells, numbering 150 to 350 × 109/L in healthy individuals. The ability of activated platelets to adhere to an injured vessel wall and form aggregates was first described in the 19th century. Besides their long-established roles in thrombosis and hemostasis, platelets are increasingly recognized as pivotal players in numerous other pathophysiological processes including inflammation and atherogenesis, antimicrobial host defense, and tumor growth and metastasis. Consequently, profound knowledge of platelet structure and function is becoming more important in research and in many fields of modern medicine. This review provides an overview of platelet physiology focusing particularly on the structure, granules, surface glycoproteins, and activation pathways of platelets.
Enforcement actions against European banks in the years 2005–2022. Do financial penalties imposed on European banks follow any patterns?
Authors: Korzeb Zbigniew , Bernardelli Michał , Niedziółka Paweł 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aims to identify, by year and over the entire period under study (2005–2022), the countries with the most restrictive bank sanctioning policies in terms of amounts and numbers of penalties to point out the most active institutions in terms of imposing penalties, and to determine the regularities governing the process of imposing these burdens. Using linear ordering methods, groups of countries with similar levels of supervisory stringency identified with one of the supervisory actions, which are financial penalties, are distinguished. A total of 53 banks (the 50 largest European banks and an additional three banks designated as G-SIIs by the EBA) are identified from a constructed database of more than 300 European banks with penalties imposed between 2005 and 2022. The study’s conclusions indicate that the frequency of penalties cannot be clearly equated with the restrictiveness of supervisory institutions, as evidenced by the example of Hungary (multiplication of small penalties). The positioning of countries regarding the number of penalties, their value and grouping using linear ordering allows the conclusion that highly developed countries are characterized by relatively high restrictiveness. The results also show the difference between the Anglo-Saxon and continental models. The analysis in this article is the first comprehensive study of penalties imposed on banks by different types of institutions in 36 jurisdictions from the pre-GFC period up to the year in which the COVID-19 pandemic expired. The multi-faceted approach also provides a basis for formulating practical regulatory implications by redirecting sanctioning policy towards banks to their management and reducing the frequency of penalties while increasing their severity.