bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Levels of Human Placental Lactogen During and After Prenatal Dexamethasone Therapy
Authors: Lange Aksel P. , Anthonsen Henning 
Published: December 2009

Thirteen pregnant women were treated with 4 mg dexamethasone intramuscularly, three times daily, for seven days during the last trimester of pregnancy, in order to prevent the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the neonate. Determination of human placental lactogen (HPL) was made daily during the treatment and at intervals of 2–3 days afterwards. No changes in HPL were seen during the treatment. One week after the treatment had been stopped, a statistically significant decrease in HPL was observed (p<0.01). The levels returned to normal during the following week. It is presumed, that the observed decrease in HPL may be regarded as a result of a direct depression of placental function caused by the dexamethasone therapy.The implications of this finding for the fetus are not clear, but in cases of placental insufficiency, glucocorticoid treatment should not be employed.
An Analysis of the Intensity and Quality of Gynecological Pain
Authors: Newton J. R. , Reading A. E. 
Published: December 2009

It is evident that the pain experience varies qualitatively as well as in intensity. A number of methods to assess both the intensity and quality of pain have been reported. This paper presents the results of a card sort method of pain assessment in the measurement of gynecological pain, which provides a score from 1 to 4 for 10 pain qualities. Factor analysis has identified 3 main clusters or pain dimensions: sensations, reaction and a tiring/duration dimension.Comparative data is presented on 5 main pain types using this method: dysmenorrhea, IUD related pain, IUD insertion pain, postoperative pain and post‐partum pain. A total of 232 patients were assessed. The results permit comparisons between pain types for both intensity as well as quality. This distinction may have implications for pain management. Thus although dysmenorrhea and IUD related pain were similar in terms of sensations, dysmenorrhea was rated significantly higher in terms of the reaction component. Similarly, both IUD insertion pain and post‐partum pain received high reaction scores. The implications of such a score profile are discussed. Thus, these scores may result from the unexpected nature of the pain sensations rather than their high intensity. In which case inclusion of psychological preparation may have been of benefit. Similarly with pelvic pain of unknown organic origin, substantial relief may be provided by focussing on the reaction component, where this is elevated, and removing the worry surrounding the sensations.
Maternal and Fetal Metabolic Responses to Ritodrine in the Sheep
Authors: Siimes Anja S.I. , Creasy Robert K. 
Published: December 2009

Ritodrine hydrochloride was infused intravenously for 60 minutes into pregnant ewes or for 29 minutes into fetal lambs, during the last third of gestation. The maternal and fetal acid‐base balance and carbohydrate status was determined prior to, during, and after the ritodrine infusions. Ritodrine was also infused into pregnant sheep in labor until no further inhibition of uterine activity could be achieved. In these studies, acid‐base balance was frequently assessed.The maternal or fetal infusion of ritodrine resulted in no major changes in maternal or fetal acid‐base balance during the periods of study. Lactate and pyruvate concentrations in mother and fetus rose during the infusion. The lactate/pyruvate ratio remained stable, suggesting an increase in both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis. Maternal glucose concentrations were significantly elevated after one hour of the ritodrine infusions to the ewes, but minimally elevated in the fetus. Fructose concentrations were unchanged. The possible role as fetal fuels of increased metabolic products of glycolysis caused by beta‐adrenergic stimulation is discussed.
The Impact of Cytological Screening on the Incidence of Invasive Cervical Cancer
Authors: Helm G. , Johnsson J.‐E. , Lindberg L.‐G. 
Published: December 2009

A cytological screening program for the early detection and prevention of cervical cancer was started in the county of Malmöhus, southern Sweden in 1967.The incidence of invasive cervical cancer among women properly attending the screening program has been reduced over the 10 years to about one quarter of the incidence before the initiation of the program.Figures calculated from the whole female population, however, did not indicate a significant decrease in incidence. Adequate individual follow‐up combined with computerized administrative programs and population registers seem to be necessary whenever the effects of a mass screening program are evaluated.
Freeze Microscopy of the Endometrium in Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Legarth Jesper , Nielsen Preben Løvgren 
Published: December 2009

A series of 60 patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy was reviewed in order to assess the diagnostic value of freeze microscopy of endometrial curettings. By this procedure the correct diagnosis has been made in 82 per cent of patients, i.e. it established whether the patient was pregnant and whether the pregnancy was intra‐ or extrauterine.Eighteen patients had an ectopic pregnancy. 13 of them were detected primarily on microscopy of frozen sections, while the remaining 5 were erroneously classified as non‐pregnant. The diagnostic sensitivity of freeze microscopy proved to be equal to microscopy of the subsequent paraffin sections.A diagnostic and therapeutic schedule can be set up for patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy when the histological appearances of the frozen sections and the result of the HCG reaction are known.
Probably Virus‐Induced Epithelial Lesions in Preinvasive Cervical Cancer
Authors: Rubinstein Eli 
Published: December 2009

There is an urgent need to approach the evaluation and classification of cervical intraepithelial lesions and their cytopathological correlations as specifically as possible. Preinvasive cancer (differentiated and undifferentiated carcinoma in situ) of the uterine cervix, the most advanced stages of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, should be clearly defined and described, and the diagnostic and therapeutic management including the follow‐up of the patients outlined in detail.The present results, based on a material of 524 cone biopsies, clearly indicate the existence of two different types of probably virus‐induced epithelial lesions in the two histopathologic groups of preinvasive cancer of uterine cervix.
Measurements on the Human Fetal Uterus and Ovary
Authors: Mukerje Bimalendu 
Published: December 2009

Measurements of the growth rates of fetal endometrium, myometrium, and the fetal ovary between 13 to 36 weeks of gestation have been recorded. The relationship of the measurements to the age of the fetuses are presented on the basis of a linear regression analysis. It is concluded that the rates of growth are linear for the fetal uterus as well as the fetal ovary.The size of the ovary at term and that of the newborn and older child have been studied by various authors (1, 2, 3). It appears that a study of the thickness of the endometrium and myometrium and the size of the ovary during different stages of intrauterine life has not so far been carried out. The present work was designed to study the growth rates of the uterus and ovary. The application of a statistical method can be used to predict the size of the ovary and the thickness of the endometrium and myometrium at any age of the fetus.
Induction of Labor by Oral PGE2 Administration—Evaluation of Different Dose Schedules
Authors: Bremme Katarina , Kindahl Hans , Svanborg Kerstin 
Published: December 2009

The efficacy and safety of different oral doses of PGE2 in tablet form were evaluated in 30 women admitted to the hospital for labor induction at or near term. The aim was to select a recommendable dose schedule based on recording of uterine contractility, clinical outcome and measurement of the resulting plasma levels of the two prostaglandin metabolites 15‐keto‐13.14‐dihydro‐PGE, and 15‐keto‐13,14‐dihydro‐PGF, by gas‐chromatography‐mass spectrometry and by radio‐immunoassay.Measurements of uterine contractility and of plasma levels of the PGE2 metabolite both showed that the preferable interval between oral doses of PGE2 tablets is one hour. Following 1.0 mg PGE2, the plasma concentration peaked after 45 to 60 minutes and had returned to approximately pretreatment levels after 120 minutes. With a two‐hour interval between doses there was above all a decreased frequency of contractions in the last part of the interval. No such variation in the contractility pattern was seen when 1.0 mg PGE2 was administered every hour. When the individual dose was increased to 2.0 mg, signs of overstimulation of uterine contractility were observed. The plasma concentration of the E2 metabolite increased in accordance with the oral dose.A slow rise in the plasma concentrations of the E2 and F2α metabolites was found some hours following initiation of treatment, possibly indicating an increased endogenous prostaglandin biosynthesis, probably secondary to the stimulated uterine contractility.
THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN 342 SUSPECTED CASES OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
Authors: Levi Salvator , Leblicq Pierre 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The value of ultrasonography as a diagnostic or screening tool is studied in 342 cases of potential ectopic pregnancy. Ultrasonography was used as a diagnostic technique when the echopattern was clear enough to pose a diagnosis of ectopic or non‐ectopic pregnancy, including intra‐uterine pregnancy, abortion or other pelvic abnormalities. Diagnosis was possible in 77 per cent of the examined patients, with 95 per cent correct diagnosis, 2 per cent false positives and 3 per cent false negatives. For ultrasonography simply as a screening technique whatever the echopattern might be, i.e. in all cases, 78 per cent were selected correctly, with 20 per cent false positives and 2 per cent false negatives.The high quality of the ultrasonic data, combined with the relative absence of the disadvantages of roentgen‐rays and invasive techniques, makes ultrasonography the first examination of choise in cases of clinical suspicion of ectopic pregnancy.
Ultrasonic scanning and fetography at polyhydramnios
Authors: Skovbo Peter , Smith‐Jensen Steen 
Published: December 2009

The usefulness of ultrasonic examination in the diagnosis of fetal abnormalitites is shown in three cases of fetal abnormalitites recognized by ultrasonic scanning (USS). Scanning was supplemented with hormone analysis, chromosome studies and alfafetoprotein tests (AFP) carried out on the amniotic fluid, as well as fetography.The first case was of right hydronephrosis magno gradu, dilated left kidney pelvis and ascites, stillborn at 32 weeks gestation. The second case was “hygroma colli” (lymphangioma). The pregnancy was terminated at 23–24 weeks gestation. the third case was of an anencephalic fetus 32 weeks gestation when labor was induced.
INVERSIO UTERI PUERPERALIS
Authors: van Vugt P. J. H. , Baudoin P. , Blom V. M. , van Deursen C. Th. B. M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Uterine inversion is a rare condition that occurs in various degrees. Predisposing and etiologic factors are discussed, as are therapy and prophylaxis.These points are illustrated by 4 own cases and by 172 cases collected from literature.
THE DOUBTFUL VALUE OF TRANSITORY CONTRACEPTION AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC ELECTROCOAGULATION OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBES
Authors: Kjer J. J. , Lenstrup C. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Twelve pregnancies were recorded after 472 laparoscopic electrocoagulations of the fallopian tubes. Eleven of these cases were seen more than 12 weeks after the sterilization and 1 was seen 11 weeks after.The benefit of other types of contraception 12 weeks after sterilization is discussed.
EFFECTS OF NATURAL ESTROGEN/GESTAGEN AND THIAZIDE ON CORONARY RISK FACTORS IN NORMAL POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Christiansen C. , Christensen M. S. , Hagen C. , Stocklund K. E. , Transbøl I. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A 2‐year double‐blind trial designed for studying the separate and combined effects of bendroflumethiazide (BFTZ) and cyclical administration of 17β‐estradiol + estriol/norethisterone (E/N) on coronary risk factors and bone mineral loss (reported elsewhere) was undertaken. Serum lipids, fasting blood glucose, body weight and blood pressure were measured every 3 months in 97 normal women in their early menopause. All participants received a supplement of 500 mg calcium and were randomized to one of the following treatment groups: 1) placebo (P) + P (n = 33); 2) P + E/N (n = 21); 3) BFTZ + E/N (n = 22); and 4) BFTZ + P (n = 21).As compared with placebo BFTZ raised serum cholesterol by 6.0% (p <0.01), decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p <0.01) and reduced body weight (p <0.001). E/N decreased serum cholesterol by 9.8% (p <0.001) and diastolic blood pressure to the same extent as BFTZ (p <0.01), but left systolic blood pressure unchanged. Neither BFTZ nor E/N affected serum triglycerides or blood glucose significantly.During their combined use E/N easily overcame the hypercholesterolemic action of BFTZ, as serum cholesterol remained 6.5% and 12.5% below the mean values of the placebo and BFTZ group, respectively (p <0.001). The tendency of both BFTZ and E/N to raise serum triglycerides was added to cause a significant increase of 6.5% (p <0.01). No other additive effects were observed.In conclusion, the thiazide increased one (serum cholesterol) and decreased another (blood pressure) of the important coronary risk factors, whereas cyclical estrogen/‐gestagen reduced both risk factors, also when given in combination with thiazide.
AMOUNT OF TISSUE EVACUATED BY VACUUM ASPIRATION IN THERAPEUTIC ABORTIONS
Authors: Rasmussen Per 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Following therapeutic abortion in 280 patients prior to the 12th week of gestation, the amount of tissue aspirated was investigated. Measurement of the amount of tissue removed by vacuum suction after dilatation of the cervical canal showed a definite relationship between tissue quantity and gestational age. However, there was a wide range of tissue quantity in the various gestational age groups.The amount of blood lost during the procedure also depended upon gestational age. In 71% of the patients less than 100 ml was lost. There was no difference in the amount of blood lost between primigravidae and multigravidae when regard is paid to gestational age.No case of ectopic pregnancy was found.Re‐evacuation was performed in 9 cases. The amount of tissue then recovered was small, in 7 cases 10 ml or less. Placental tissue was removed at re‐evacuation in only one of these patients, decidua in all the others.It is concluded that measurement of the amount of tissue removed does not permit assessment of whether the uterine cavity has been adequately evacuated.
THE ACUTE EFFECT OF METOCLOPRAMIDE ON PLASMA PROLACTIN DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Brandes Joseph M. , Itskovitz Joseph , Fisher Menachem , Shen‐Orr Zila , Barzilai David 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The effect of metoclopramide on plasma prolactin levels was studied in 10 women in the second half of pregnancy.The IV injection of 10 mg metoclopramide produces a significant rise in prolactin in 15 minutes, a peak of up to 6.5‐fold over basal levels at 30 minutes and a sustained significant elevation for at least 4 hours.The results of this study indicate that maternal plasma protein levels although elevated, are still under inhibitory control and that the prolactin releasing capacity of the pituitary is maintained during pregnancy. The elevated hyperprolactinemia induced by metoclopramide may be of help in investigating the role of prolactin in human pregnancy.
Effects of the Estrogenicity of Levonorgestrel/Ethinylestradiol Combinations on the Lipoprotein Status
Authors: Larsson‐Cohn Ulf , Fåhraeus Lars , Wallentin Lars , Zador Göran 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Ninety‐eight women seeking contraceptive advice were randomly allocated to 6 months of treatment with one of the following four combinations of ethinylestradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (NG): 20/250, 30/250, 30/150, and the so‐called triphasic drug. The EE/NG ratios were 0.08, 0.12, 0.20 and 0.36 respectively. Blood lipids, HDL‐cholesterol and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were determined twice before treatment and after 1, 3 and 6 months of medication.Plasma triglyceride levels were moderately elevated in all groups, with the highest increase in the women taking the triphasic drug. The HDL‐cholesterol and HDL‐cholesterol to cholesterol ratios were both markedly reduced, by 20/250 and 301250, while 30/150 and the triphasic drug caused only minor reductions. The mean change in HDL‐cholesterol showed a good correlation with the mean changes of SHBG (r = 0.916) and with the EE/NG ratios (r = 0.979).It is concluded that both SHBG and the EE/NG ratio may be used as an index of the estrogenicity of a combined oral contraceptive drug. As reduced HDL‐cholesterol levels and HDL‐cholesterol to cholesterol ratios have been shown to be directly correlated to the risk of developing ischemic cardiovascular disease it would seem important that the estrogenicity of such a drug should be sufficiently high.
Does Progestogen Reduction in Oral Contraception Parallel Reduced Lipid Metabolic Effects?
Authors: Crona Nils , Silfverstolpe Gunnar , Samsioe Göran 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Twelve young fertile women participated in a cross‐over design study whose purpose was to evaluate the effect on lipid metabolism induced by two sequential contraceptive preparations. Sequilarum (50 μg of ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel where the levonorgestrel dose is varied from 50 μg during the first 11 days up to 125 μg during the last 10 days of the cycle) was compared with Ova‐none (50 μg of ethinylestradiol for 22 days with the addition of 2.5 mg lynestrenol during the last 15 days of the cycle).Serum triglycerides, phospholipids, free and total cholesterol were determined, as also was the level of these lipid components in ultracentrifugally isolated lipoprotein lipids. The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and serum cholesterol ester was assessed by gas‐liquid chromatography.As expected, both of these preparations are predominantly estrogenic in their effects on lipoprotein metabolism, since both raise serum and VLDL triglyceride levels. The absence of any substantial influence on HDL cholesterol should probably be interpreted as a modifying effect of the progestogen component of both preparations.As to the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin the shift induced in palmitic and stearic acids was the same as found in earlier studies when 17C‐alkylated exogenous sex steroids were administered, i.e. an increase in the palmitic acid concomitant with a decrease in the stearic.
On the use of Plasma Proteins as Indicators of the Metabolic Effects of Combined Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Cullberg Göran , Dovré Per‐Arne , Lindstedt Göran , Steffensen Kjeld 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Ethinylestradiol (EE, 17α‐ethynyl‐1,3,5(10)‐es‐tratriene‐3,17β‐diol) 30 μg daily, in combination with 150μg per day of desogestrel (Org 2969,17α‐ethynyl‐18‐methyl‐11‐methylene‐4‐estrene‐17β‐ol) or levonorgestrel (17α‐ethynyl‐18‐methyl‐4‐estrene‐17β‐ol‐3‐one), was administered to two groups of 10 healthy human women who had been without hormonal treatment during 3 months prior to the study. The preparations were given for three 21‐day cycles with 7‐day intervals. Blood samples were taken before treatment and at the end of the third treatment period. Serum sex‐hormone binding globulin (SHBG), ceruloplasmin, ornsomucoid, C1‐esterase inhibitor and C4 were analyzed by electroimmunoassay and transcortin was assayed as cortisol‐binding capacity. Serum testosterone was assayed by radioimmunoassay of methylenedichloride extracts using an antiserum with about 20% cross‐reactivity for dihydrotestosterone (DHT).The increases in serum ceruloplasmin and transcortin concentrations were the same in both groups (about 80% and 100‐140%, respectively), whereas no significant change was noted for the orosomucoid, C1‐esterase inhibitor or C4 concentrations. The SHBG concentration, however, increased by about 220% when EE + desogestrel was used, whereas with EE + levonorgestrel there was no significant change. For both groups there was a significant correlation between post‐ and pretreatment SHBG concentrations. The results indicate that individuals with low SHBG concentrations are at risk of developing a further reduction as a result of EE+levonorgestrel administration at the dosages used.Serum testosterone (+DHT) decreased in all women but one in each group. A decrease in testosterone/SHBG ratio was observed in both groups; the decrease was most pronounced in the EE + desogestrel group. One woman in the EE+levonorgestrel group, the only individual who exhibited signs of androgenic side effects, had low values for SHBG concentration and high for the testosterone/SHBG ratio. She was then treated with 25 μg EE and 125 μg desogestrel daily for three cycles, resulting in a threefold increase in SHBG concentration, normalization of the testosterone/SHBG ratio and disappearance of androgenic side effects.The results are discussed in relation to published information on the influence of hormones on plasma protein homeostasis.
Study on Effect of 30 μg Ethinylestradiol (Ee)+150 μg Desogestrel on Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism in Healthy Volunteers, Also in Comparison with 30 μg Ee + 150 μg Levonorgestrel
Authors: Samsioe Göran 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In a cross‐over design study, 15 healthy young volunteers were randomly allocated an oral contraceptive containing 30 μg EE. Preparation A contained in addition 150 μg of a new progestogenic compound, desogestrel, and preparation B 150 μg levonorgestrel. Subjective side effects were few during use of any of the preparations.Preparations A and B induced similar changes in most of the serum lipid and lipoprotein‐lipid parameters. Body weight, triglycerides, VLDL‐triglycerides and LDL‐free cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly lower and HDL‐total cholesterol and triglycerides significantly higher with preparation A than preparation B.The relative fatty acid composition of lecithin revealed with preparation B (as compared with preparation A), higher levels of palmitic and linoleic acids which could be interpreted as an enhancement of pathway I for liver lecithin synthesis which in turn is usually coupled to a reduced capacity of liver excretory function.The present data regarding preparation B are in agreement with those reported by others, while preparation A has not been studied before. The differences observed between preparation A and B are ascribed to the more marked androgen‐like effects of preparation B.