bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular targets and oxidative stress biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma: an overview
Authors: Marra Monica , Sordelli Ignazio M , Lombardi Angela , Lamberti Monica , Tarantino Luciano , Giudice Aldo , Stiuso Paola , Abbruzzese Alberto , Sperlongano Rossella , Accardo Marina , Agresti Massimo , Caraglia Michele , Sperlongano Pasquale 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex and heterogeneous tumor with multiple genetic aberrations. Several molecular pathways involved in the regulation of proliferation and cell death are implicated in the hepatocarcinogenesis. The major etiological factors for HCC are both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
Continuous oxidative stress, which results from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by environmental factors or cellular mitochondrial dysfunction, has recently been associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. On the other hand, a distinctive pathological hallmark of HCC is a dramatic down-regulation of oxido-reductive enzymes that constitute the most important free radical scavenger systems represented by catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.
The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib represents the most promising target agent that has undergone extensive investigation up to phase III clinical trials in patients with advanced HCC. The combination with other target-based agents could potentiate the clinical benefits obtained by sorafenib alone. In fact, a phase II multicenter study has demonstrated that the combination between sorafenib and octreotide LAR (So.LAR protocol) was active and well tolerated in advanced HCC patients.
The detection of molecular factors predictive of response to anti-cancer agents such as sorafenib and the identification of mechanisms of resistance to anti-cancer agents may probably represent the direction to improve the treatment of HCC.
Piezoelectric-assisted removal of a benign fibrous histiocytoma of the mandible: An innovative technique for prevention of dentoalveolar nerve injury
Authors: Wagner Maximilian EH , Rana Majeed , Traenkenschuh Wolfgang , Kokemueller Horst , Eckardt André M , Gellrich Nils-Claudius 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In this article, we present our experience with a piezoelectric-assisted surgical device by resection of a benign fibrous histiocytoma of the mandible.
A 41 year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of slowly progressive right buccal swelling. After further radiographic diagnosis surgical removal of the yellowish-white mass was performed. Histologic analysis showed proliferating histiocytic cells with foamy, granular cytoplasm and no signs of malignancy. The tumor was positive for CD68 and vimentin in immunohistochemical staining. Therefore the tumor was diagnosed as primary benign fibrous histiocytoma. This work provides a new treatment device for benign mandibular tumour disease. By using a novel piezoelectric-assisted cutting device, protection of the dentoalveolar nerve could be achieved.
The geometry of canal surfaces and the length of curves in de Sitter space
Authors: Langevin Rémi , Solanes Gil 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We find the minimal value of the length in de Sitter space of closed space-like curves with non-vanishing non-space-like geodesic curvature vector. These curves are in correspondence with closed almost-regular canal surfaces, and their length is a natural magnitude in conformal geometry. As an application, we get a lower bound for the total conformal torsion of closed space curves.
Nanostructured high specific capacity C-LiFePO4 cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Bazzi Khadije , Dhindsa Kulwinder S. , Dixit Ambesh , Sahana Moodakere B. , Sudakar Chandran , Nazri Mariam , Zhou Zhixian , Vaishnava Prem , Naik Vaman M. , Nazri Gholam A. , Naik Ratna 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Multi-junction ZnO Nanowires for Enhanced Surface Area and Light Trapping Solar Cells and Room Temperature Gas Sensing
Authors: Kevin M. , Ong W. L. , Ho G. W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA maskless method of employing polymer growth inhibitor layers is used to modulate the conflicting parameters of density and alignment of multi-junction nanowires via large-scale low temperature chemical route. This low temperature chemical route is shown to synthesize multi-junction nanostructures without compromising the crystal quality at the interfaces. The final morphology of an optimized multi-junctions nanowire arrays can be demonstrated on various substrates due to substrate independence and low temperature processing. Here, we also follow-up on device demonstrations whereby p-n junction are created by exposure of secondary nanowires to ammonia plasma, converting them to p-type characteristics and also the density modulated multi-junction nanowires were tuned to infiltrate nanoparticles to create a hybrid hierarchically-structured nanowire/nanoparticles solar cell. The fabrication of hierarchically-structured nanowire/nanoparticles composites presents an advantageous structure, one that allow nanoparticles to provide large surface areas for the dye adsorption, whilst the nanowires can enhance the light harvesting, electron transport rate, and also the mechanical properties of the films. This work can be of great scientific and commercial interest since the technique employed is of low temperature (< 90 °C) and economical for large-scale solution processing, much valued in today’s flexible display and photovoltaic industries. In addition, ZnO nanostructures for gas sensing will be presented.
The FGF and FGFR Gene Family and Risk of Cleft Lip with or Without Cleft Palate
Authors: Wang Hong , Zhang Tianxiao , Wu Tao , Hetmanski Jacqueline B. , Ruczinski Ingo , Schwender Holger , Yee Liang Kung , Murray Tanda , Daniele Fallin M. , Redett Richard J. , Raymond Gerald V. , Jin Sheng-Chih , Wu Chou Yah-Huei , Kuo-Ting Chen Philip , Yeow Vincent , Chong Samuel S. , Cheah Felicia S.H. , Ha Jee Sun , Jabs Ethylin W. , Scott Alan F. , Beaty Terri H. 
Published: November 2011

Background Isolated, nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate is a common human congenital malformation with a complex and heterogeneous etiology. Genes coding for fibroblast growth factors and their receptors ( FGF/FGFR genes) are excellent candidate genes. Methods We tested single-nucleotide polymorphic markers in 10 FGF/FGFR genes (including FGFBP1, FGF2, FGF10, FGF18, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGF19, FGF4, FGF3, and FGF9) for genotypic effects, interactions with one another, and with common maternal environmental exposures in 221 Asian and 76 Maryland case-parent trios ascertained through a child with isolated, nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Results Both FGFR1 and FGF19 yielded evidence of linkage and association in the transmission disequilibrium test, confirming previous evidence. Haplotypes of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FGFR1 were nominally significant among Asian trios. Estimated odds ratios for individual single-nucleotide polymorphic markers and haplotypes of multiple markers in FGF19 ranged from 1.31 to 1.87. We also found suggestive evidence of maternal genotypic effects for markers in FGF2 and FGF10 among Asian trios. Tests for gene-environment (G x E) interaction between markers in FGFR2 and maternal smoking or multivitamin supplementation yielded significant evidence of G x E interaction separately. Tests of gene-gene (G x G) interaction using Cordell's method yielded significant evidence between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FGF9 and FGF18, which was confirmed in an independent sample of trios from an international consortium. Conclusion Our results suggest several genes in the FGF/FGFR family may influence risk for isolated, nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate through distinct biological mechanisms.
Racial Differences in the Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Muntner Paul , Newsome Britt , Kramer Holly , Peralta Carmen A. , Kim Yongin , Jacobs David R. , Kiefe Catarina I. , Lewis Cora E. 
Published: November 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
The incidence of ESRD is higher in African Americans than in whites, despite reports of a similar or lower prevalence of CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This study compared the incidence of CKD among young African-American and white adults over 20 years of follow-up in the community-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Participants included 4119 adults, 18–30 years of age, with an estimated GFR (eGFR) ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at baseline. Incident CKD was defined as an eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and a ≥25% decline in eGFR at study visits conducted 10, 15, and 20 years after baseline.

Results
At baseline, the mean age of African Americans and whites was 24 and 26 years, respectively (P<0.001), and 56% and 53% of participants, respectively, were women (P=0.06). There were 43 incident cases of CKD during follow-up, 29 (1.4%) among African Americans and 14 (0.7%) among whites (P=0.02). The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident CKD comparing African Americans to whites was 2.56 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.35–5.05). After further adjustment for body mass index, systolic BP, fasting plasma glucose, and HDL cholesterol, the HR was 2.51 (95% CI, 1.25–5.05). After multivariable adjustment including albuminuria at year 10, the HR for CKD at year 15 or 20 was 1.12 (95% CI, 0.52–2.41).

Conclusions
In this study, the 20-year CKD incidence was higher among African Americans than whites, a difference that is explained in part by albuminuria.
Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Evolution of Glucose Parameters in Growth Hormone–Deficient Subjects During Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Luger Anton , Mattsson Anders F. , KoŁtowska-Häggström Maria , Thunander Maria , Góth Miklos , Verhelst Johan , Abs Roger 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVEGrowth hormone (GH) deficiency is associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. The aim of the current study was to determine incidence of diabetes during GH replacement therapy (GHRT) and the effect of GHRT on fasting plasma glucose concentrations and HbA1c in adult patients with GH deficiency.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 5,143 GH-deficient patients (male 49.9%; mean age ± SD, 49 ± 13 years; BMI 29.1 ± 5.9 kg/m2) were analyzed. Mean observation period was 3.9 years (range 0.01–13). Total number of patient-years was 20,106. Observed number of cases (O) was compared with expected number of cases (E). Reference rates were from Sweden, three additional European regions, and one U.S. region.RESULTSPatients who developed diabetes (n = 523) were older; had higher BMI, waist circumference, triglyceride concentrations, and blood pressure; and had lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations (P &lt; 0.0001) than those who did not develop diabetes. Diabetes incidence was 2.6 per 100 patient-years, equal in both sexes, and significantly increased compared with the Swedish reference (O/E = 6.02; P &lt; 0.0001) as well as with the four other populations (O/E = 2.11–5.22). O/E increased with BMI and decreased with duration of GHRT (P &lt; 0.0001). There was no significant association with GH dose (P = 0.74) or IGF-I SDS (P = 0.47). In subjects not developing diabetes, plasma glucose concentrations increased from 84.4 ± 0.9 mg/dL to 89.5 ± 0.8 mg/dL (0.70 mg/dL/year) and HbA1c increased from 4.74 ± 0.04% to 5.09 ± 0.13% (0.036%/year) after 6 years of GHRT.CONCLUSIONSDiabetes incidence appears to be increased in GH-deficient patients receiving GHRT and exhibiting an adverse risk profile at baseline. Therefore, glucose homeostasis parameters should be monitored carefully in these patients.
Soil warming alters seed‐bank responses across the geographic range of freshwater Taxodium distichum (Cupressaceae) swamps
Authors: Middleton Beth A. , McKee Karen L. 
Published: November 2011

• Premise of the Study: Climate warming is predicted to have far‐reaching effects on the distribution of species, but those effects may depend on the flexibility of regenerating species in responding to climate gradients. We conducted a study to determine whether the variation in the response of seed banks to temperature varied across the latitudinal range of Taxodium distichum swamps in North America.• Methods: The soil was collected in a long‐term research network and heated experimentally to three current‐day spring normal soil temperatures (average maximum daily spring normal soil temperatures during May in Illinois, Arkansas, and Louisiana, USA, respectively: 22°, 25°, and 29°C). A “normal” is the mean temperature calculated over a 30‐yr interval (1971–2000). Seed‐bank density and biomass responses were examined in relation to latitude and difference in the soil temperature of the experiment and the spring normal.• Key Results: Using first‐ and second‐order regression analysis, we determined that the variation in total germination density was lowest mid‐range and in experimental soil temperatures similar to the spring normal. For some dominant species, the variance in germination density was higher in the northern (Cephalanthus occidentalis) or the southern part of the network (Saururus cernuus and Polygonum pensylvanicum). Overall, the variance of total biomass (root, shoot, whole plant) was higher if the experimental soil temperature was warmer than the spring normal.• Conclusions: Our results suggest that the regeneration of some populations of swamp species may have more flexibility to respond to climate warming than others.
Correlates of Home Smoking Bans among Mexican-Americans
Authors: Martinez-Donate Ana P. , Hovell Melbourne F. , Hofstetter C. Richard , González-Pérez Guillermo J. , Adams Marc A. , Kotay Anu 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. This study examines the individual and environmental correlates of home smoking bans among a population-based sample of Mexican-Americans. Design. A telephone survey on tobacco use and home policies was conducted using stratified, random sampling of listed phone numbers. Setting. Surveys were completed by telephone in San Diego, California. Subjects. The sample consisted of San Diego adult residents of Mexican descent (N=1,103). Measures. The interview included questions on home rules regarding smoking in the household and a number of potential correlates, based on the Behavioral Ecological Model (BEM). This model emphasizes the influence of family, social, and cultural factors on health behaviors. Results. Overall, 90.6% of all respondents reported a ban on smoking in the home. Multivariate analyses indicated that home bans on smoking are more likely among individuals that do not smoke, live with children, are more acculturated to U.S. society, report greater aversion to ETS, and/or report more social pressure against indoor smoking. In contrast, smoking bans are less likely among Mexican Americans who live with smokers. Conclusions. Individual and environmental factors play a protective role by increasing the likelihood of smoking bans in the home of Mexican-descent individuals. These factors should be considered for the design of interventions to sustain and promote the adoption of smoking bans in the home among this and other populations.
From “among Girl Friends” to “among Mothers”—Baseline Research Adjusts a Health Promoting Intervention in Nicaragua
Authors: Peña Rodolfo , Quintanilla Margarita , Navarro Katty , Martinez Jessica , Castillo Vilma , Pérez Wilton , Källestål Carina 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. The objective of this study is to show how baseline findings can redefine the design of an intervention. Design. A baseline cross-sectional study. Setting. The study area was a suburban community near the Nicaraguan capital, Managua. Subjects. A sample of 612 girls aged 10 to 14 years was selected, and 592 (97%) participated in the study. Measures. Using individual interviews, data were collected on sociodemographics; self-esteem and life prospects; gender; sexuality and human reproduction; knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; violence; and networking. Analysis. Frequency tables. Results. A high proportion (87.5%) of the girls lived with their mothers, and only 59% had their fathers living with the family. In 51% of the sample, the mothers made the decisions at home. For the majority of the girls, their mothers were their referent persons when they wanted to talk about sexuality and pregnancies, whereas only a few girls said they would talk with friends. Conclusion. The mother is the most important significant other, and thus, according to the theory of reasoned action, she would be the most important person to influence the girl. Careful investigations into which groups are forming the norms are essential for an effective intervention program in order to change behavior and enhance self-esteem.
Determinants of Activity-Friendly Neighborhoods for Children: Results from the Space Study
Authors: de Vries Sanne I. , Bakker Ingrid , van Mechelen Willem , Hopman-Rock Marijke 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To examine the association between children's physical activity and factors of the built environment. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Ten neighborhoods in six cities in the Netherlands. Subjects. Four hundred twenty-two children (age range, 6–11 years; 49% male). Measures. Physical activity diary, neighborhood observations, and anthropometric measures. Analysis. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Results. According to univariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and highest level of maternal education, physical activity (≥ 3 metabolic equivalents) was significantly (p < .05) associated with the proportion of green space, with the residential density, with the general impression of activity-friendliness of the neighborhood, and with the frequency of certain types of residences (e.g., terraced houses), sports fields, water, dog waste, heavy traffic, and safe walking and cycling conditions (e.g., cycle tracks and 30-km speed zones) in the neighborhood. According to adjusted multivariate analyses, physical activity was best predicted by the frequency of parallel parking spaces in the neighborhood and by the general impression of activity-friendliness of the neighborhood (R2 = 0.193). Conclusions. Children's physical activity is associated with certain modifiable factors of the built environment. Longitudinal studies should examine whether there is a causal relationship.
A novel laboratory technique demonstrating the influences of RHD zygosity and the RhCcEe phenotype on erythrocyte D antigen expression
Authors: McGann Patrick T. , Despotovic Jenny M. , Howard Thad A. , Ware Russell E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractD antigen is the most immunogenic and clinically relevant antigen within the complex Rh blood group system. Variability of D antigen expression was first described decades ago but has rarely been investigated quantitatively, particularly in the context of RHD zygosity along with RhCcEe serological phenotype. With IRB approval, 107 deidentified blood samples were analyzed. Rh phenotypes were determined serologically by saline technique using monoclonal antibodies against D, C, c, E, and e antigens. RHD zygosity was determined using both PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphisms and quantitative real‐time PCR techniques. A novel and robust method was developed for quantitation of erythrocyte D antigen sites using calibrated microspheres and flow cytometry, allowing correlation of D antigen density with RHD zygosity and expression of Rh CcEe antigens. Subjects homozygous for RHD expressed nearly twice the number of D antigen sites compared with RHD hemizygotes (33,560 ± 8,222 for DD versus 17,720 ± 4,471 for Dd, P < 0.0001). Expression of c or E antigens was associated with significantly increased erythrocyte D antigen expression, whereas presence of C or e antigens reduced expression. These data and this novel quantitation method will be important for future studies investigating the clinical relevance of D antigen variability. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Screening of cell‐penetrating peptides using mRNA display
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hun , Song Hyun Seok , Lee Sun‐Gu , Park Tae Hyun , Kim Byung‐Gee 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) are attractive vectors for in vivo and in vitro cellular uptake. Their use is, however, limited by insufficient understanding of their preference for a target cell. Here, a new CPP screening method is presented that uses mRNA display. After incubating the target cell lines, such as human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) and HeLa cells, with an mRNA display library for 3 h at 37°C, the CPP‐mRNA nucleotide conjugates were harvested. These were amplified with PCR and subsequently sequenced. The screened CPPs for each cell line were identified after four rounds of selection. Among them, two peptides, MAMPGEPRRANVMAHKLEPASLQLR NSCA (CPPK) and MAPQRDTVGGRTTPPSWGPAKAQLRNSCA (CPPL) were selected, and the FITC‐labeled peptides were evaluated for their ability to penetrate cells. The screened CPPs were superior to polyarginine (R11), which is widely used as a standard peptide and shows good cell penetration efficiency. Our method can be applied to other target cells for which CPPs have not yet been elucidated.
Self‐directed student research through analysis of microarray datasets: A computer‐based functional genomics practical class for masters‐level students
Authors: Grenville‐Briggs Laura J. , Stansfield Ian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis report describes a linked series of Masters‐level computer practical workshops. They comprise an advanced functional genomics investigation, based upon analysis of a microarray dataset probing yeast DNA damage responses. The workshops require the students to analyse highly complex transcriptomics datasets, and were designed to stimulate active learning through experience of current research methods in bioinformatics and functional genomics. They seek to closely mimic a realistic research environment, and require the students first to propose research hypotheses, then test those hypotheses using specific sections of the microarray dataset. The complexity of the microarray data provides students with the freedom to propose their own unique hypotheses, tested using appropriate sections of the microarray data. This research latitude was highly regarded by students and is a strength of this practical. In addition, the focus on DNA damage by radiation and mutagenic chemicals allows them to place their results in a human medical context, and successfully sparks broad interest in the subject material. In evaluation, 79% of students scored the practical workshops on a five‐point scale as 4 or 5 (totally effective) for student learning. More broadly, the general use of microarray data as a “student research playground” is also discussed. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 440–447, 2011