bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isradipine for Treatment of Acute Hypertension in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents
Authors: Miyashita Yosuke , Peterson Do , Rees Jane M. , Flynn Joseph T. 
Published: July 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). Severe acute hypertension in pediatric patients requires prompt and controlled blood pressure (BP) reduction to prevent end‐organ damage. The authors aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of isradipine, an orally administered second‐generation dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, for treatment of acute hypertension in hospitalized pediatric patients. A retrospective analysis of 391 doses of isradipine administered to 282 patients (58% boys) with acute hypertension and median age of 12.8 years (range, 0.1–21.9) was performed. Primary diagnoses included renal disease (n=154), malignancy (45), nonrenal transplant (37), neurologic disease (21), and other (25). The decrease in systolic BP was 16.3%±11.6% (mean ± SD) and diastolic BP was 24.2%±17.2%. BPs were significantly lower in all age groups and in all diagnosis categories following isradipine administration. The decrease in BP was the highest in children younger than 2 years. The mean increase in pulse after a dose was 7±17 beats per minute. Forty adverse events were reported in 33 patients, with emesis and nausea being the most common; 5 of these events were hypotension. The authors conclude that isradipine effectively reduces BP in a wide variety of hospitalized children and adolescents with acute hypertension. A lower initial dose of 0.05 mg/kg may be appropriate in children younger than 2 years. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:850–855.
Brain Stimulation: New Vistas for the Exploration and Treatment of Tinnitus
Authors: Plewnia Christian 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYAims: Tinnitus, the perception of sounds or noise in the absence of auditory stimuli, is a frequent and often severely disabling symptom of different disorders of the auditory system. Attempts to develop evidence‐based therapies have been thwarted by a poor understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. However, recent work points toward a pivotal role of maladaptive cortical reorganization in the generation and perpetuation of tinnitus. Changes in the representation of sounds, abnormalities of oscillatory activity, and hyperactivity in higher order areas of auditory processing have been linked with the perception of tinnitus. Brain stimulation techniques have entered the field and have opened exciting new perspectives for the modulation of dysfunctional brain activity. In this review, a comprehensive overview on the use of brain‐stimulation techniques in the exploration and experimental treatment of tinnitus is provided. Discussions: Noninvasive and invasive brain stimulation techniques, for example, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), direct current stimulation (tDCS), and direct electrical cortical stimulation gave rise to a new line of investigation in tinnitus research. First, it has been shown that focal interference with presumably pathological cortical function can reduce tinnitus at least transiently. Second, the reduction of tinnitus‐associated enhancement of cortical activity by neuronavigated TMS has been demonstrated to ameliorate tinnitus. Third, preliminary data suggest that repeated application of TMS or continuous cortical stimulation may lead to a longer lasting suppression of tinnitus. Conclusions: These proof of principle studies point toward a new option for the investigation and neurophysiology based treatment of tinnitus. Based on these findings, larger scale randomized clinical trials are needed to explore the efficacy of different brain stimulation techniques and parameters as well as the optimal target sites and treatment schedules. Particularly, a careful evaluation of clinical relevance under consideration of an adequate sham control and attention to possible unwanted side effects of these new interventions are indispensable.
La valeur économique de l’audit et son efficacité dans le fonctionnement de l’école publique
Authors: SAITO YOSHIE , MCINTOSH CHRISTOPHER S. 
Published: July 2010

Les auteurs examinent l’incidence de l’audit sur le fonctionnement de l’école publique en poursuivant deux objectifs : déterminer si les audits procurent des avantages économiques aux parties prenantes et définir l’incidence de la complexité des règles à observer sur l’efficacité de l’audit. Utilisant des données relatives au temps consacréà l’audit et profitant de l’occasion unique offerte par la Quality Basic Education Act en Georgie, les auteurs estiment le rendement relatif des activités des arrondissements scolaires au moyen d’une méthode stochastique d’estimation des frontières. Ils constatent que l’audit produit de véritables avantages économiques pour les parties prenantes en atténuant le manque d’efficience de l’utilisation des ressources scolaires. Ils constatent également que la rigueur des règles à observer réduit l’efficacité de l’audit mais que l’expérience des auditeurs peut contribuer à surmonter ce problème. Le fait que les coûts d’audit ne soient pas communiqués entrave la réalisation d’une analyse coûts‐avantages des nouvelles exigences. L’analyse des auteurs vient confirmer la thèse selon laquelle l’audit est indispensable à l’établissement de mécanismes de gouvernance et la communication des coûts d’audit est importante dans l’évaluation adéquate d’une nouvelle politique.Les données pertinentes peuvent être obtenues auprès des sources publiques indiquées dans le texte.
Serum glycated albumin, but not glycated hemoglobin, is low in relation to glycemia in men with hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Koga Masafumi , Murai Jun , Saito Hiroshi , Mukai Mikio , Kasayama Soji 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAims/Introduction:  Serum glycated albumin (GA) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are influenced by plasma glucose levels, and are used for monitoring chronic glycemic control in diabetic patients. Both glycated proteins are known to be influenced by various factors other than plasma glucose levels. In the present study, we examined the effects of hypertriglyceridemia on them.Materials and Methods:  The present study comprised 273 non‐diabetic men. They were grouped into men with normotriglyceridemia (serum triglyceride [TG] <150 mg/dL) and those with hypertriglyceridemia (serum TG ≥150 mg/dL).Results:  Body mass index (BMI) and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) were significantly higher in the 160 men with hypertriglyceridemia than the 113 men with normotriglyceridemia. In men with hypertriglyceridemia, as compared with those with normotriglyceridemia, fasting plasma glucose, 2‐h plasma glucose after 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, and HbA1c were significantly higher. By contrast, serum GA was significantly lower in men with hypertriglyceridemia. BMI‐adjusted serum GA was also significantly lower in these men. In a multivariate analysis, serum TG was an inverse explanatory variable for serum GA.Conclusions:  Serum GA is low in relation to plasma glucose levels in men with hypertriglyceridemia. This might be caused by increased albumin metabolism associated with hypertriglyceridemic state. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2010.00049.x, 2010)
Angiofibrolipoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Epivatianos Apostolos , Kolokotronis Alexandros , Matiakis Apostolos , Poulopoulos Athanasios 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe describe an unusual and rare case of a lipoma variant known as angiofibrolipoma. A literature search revealed only a few cases of angiofibrolipoma which were located in different anatomical sites; no case of angiofibrolipoma in the oral cavity has been previously reported. We present and discuss the histopatholological–immunohistological findings and features. Angiofibrolipoma histologically consists of mature adipocytes, blood vessels, and bundles of collagenous connective tissue with low to moderate cellularity. It is not encapsulated, but is histologically distinct from surrounding tissue. Positive immunohistological staining with CD‐34 presented a large number of blood vessels of different sizes located between collagen fibers and adipocytes. The treatment of choice for a patient with angiofibrolipoma is surgical excision, which is expected to be curative.
Combining stable isotope enrichment, compartmental modelling and ecological network analysis for quantitative measurement of food web dynamics
Authors: Lee Ka‐Man , Lee Shing Yip , Connolly Rod M. 
Published: July 2010

Summary1. Quantitative food web analysis is made difficult by the need for simultaneous measurement of multiple carbon (C) flows. C flow rates can potentially be quantified indirectly using conventional methods such as gut contents analysis, but the involvement of many conversion factors and assumptions results in significant errors in the final estimation. Such difficulties have limited quantitative data on food web dynamics, restricting community‐level hypothesis testing.2. We conducted laboratory microcosm and field experiments, using combined enriched stable isotope (13C), compartmental modelling and ecological network analysis (ENA) as a novel approach to quantifying food web dynamics. Feasibility of this approach was demonstrated via the quantification of C flow, backflow and cycling in a subtropical estuarine sandflat food web comprising three trophic levels: microphytobenthos (MPB), three dominant meiofaunal groups (juvenile polychaetes, harpacticoid copepods and nematodes) and soldier crabs (Mictyris longicarpus).3. Enriched sodium bicarbonate (NaH13CO3) was used to trace C flow. The compartmental modelling software WinSAAM quantified C flow by comparing the temporal patterns of producer and consumer 13C enrichment. Network analysis software EcoNet was used to assess food web dynamics by providing system indices that quantified the flows and food web interactions.4. This approach allows concurrent quantitative assessment of food web structure and ecosystem functioning. WinSAAM results showed that C return rate from nematodes to MPB was greater than the other two meiofaunal groups and soldier crabs assimilated more C from nematodes than from the other two meiofaunal groups. System indices from EcoNet suggested that indirect flow contributed more than direct flow in this system. Unique capabilities of this approach in food web studies and assumptions underlying the proposed and conventional food web analytical approaches are discussed.5. Another significant advance of this approach is that it allows sensitive quantification of trophic linkages in a food web without requiring equilibrium to be achieved, thus enabling instantaneous assessment of the relative importance of various C flow pathways. Specific hypotheses about food web dynamics, such as the impact of eutrophication and urbanization, can then be tested quantitatively through manipulative experiments by comparing indices reflecting system behaviour.
Dental diastemata and periodontal disease secondary to axially rotated maxillary cheek teeth in three horses
Authors: Casey M. B. , Tremaine W. H. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMalerupted axially rotated maxillary cheek teeth (CT) were identified as the primary cause of diastemata and severe periodontitis in 3 horses. Diastema widening and periodontal debridement was performed initially in one case but did not resolve clinical signs. Subsequently, all 3 cases underwent extraction of the axially rotated teeth per os without complication. Follow‐up indicated remission of periodontitis and signs of oral pain. In these cases, maxillary CT had erupted in a manner that resulted in axial rotation of CT with undulating buccal and palatal surfaces aligned with the interproximal surfaces of adjacent normally orientated teeth. This resulted in poor interproximal compression and diastemata causing severe periodontitis. Axially rotated maxillary CT and the severe periodontitis that they precipitate, have not been previously described as a discrete dental disease entity.
Mannose-Binding Lectin Genotypes and Susceptibility to Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Infancy
Authors: Friborg Jeppe T. , Jarrett Ruth F. , Koch Anders , Garred Peter , Freeland June M. L. , Andersen Andreas , Melbye Mads 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTIn a cohort study of children <4 years of age in Greenland, mannose-binding lectin (MBL2) genotypes and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody levels were determined. EBV seropositivity was significantly lower and time to seroconversion increased in MBL-insufficient compared with MBL-sufficient children, indicating that MBL may be involved in primary EBV infection in infancy.
Clonal Analysis of Colonizing Group B
Streptococcus
, Serotype IV, an Emerging Pathogen in the United States
Authors: Diedrick Michelle J. , Flores Aurea E. , Hillier Sharon L. , Creti Roberta , Ferrieri Patricia 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Colonizing group B
Streptococcus
(GBS) capsular polysaccharide (CPS) type IV isolates were recovered from vaginal and rectal samples obtained from 97 (8.4%) nonpregnant women of 1,160 women enrolled in a U.S. multicenter GBS vaccine study from 2004 to 2008. Since this rate was much higher than the rate of prevalence of 0.4 to 0.6% that we found in previous studies, the isolates were analyzed by using surface protein profile identification, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to characterize them and identify trends in DNA clonality and divergence. Of the 101 type IV isolates studied, 53 expressed α and group B protective surface (BPS) proteins, 27 expressed BPS only, 20 expressed α only, and 1 had no detectable surface proteins. The isolates spanned three PFGE macrorestriction profile groups, groups 37, 38, and 39, of which group 37 was predominant. The isolates in group 37 expressed the α and BPS proteins, while those in groups 38 and 39 expressed the α protein only, with two exceptions. MLST studies of selective isolates from the four protein profile groups showed that isolates expressing α,BPS or BPS only were of a new sequence type, sequence type 452, while those expressing α only or no proteins were mainly of a new sequence type, sequence type 459. Overall, our study revealed a limited diversity in surface proteins, MLST types, and DNA macrorestriction profiles for type IV GBS. There appeared to be an association between the MLST types and protein expression profiles. The increased prevalence of type IV GBS colonization suggested the possibility that this serotype may emerge as a GBS pathogen.
Clostridium sordellii
Brain Abscess Diagnosed by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
Authors: Valour F. , Boisset S. , Lebras L. , Martha B. , Boibieux A. , Perpoint T. , Chidiac C. , Ferry T. , Peyramond D. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Clostridium sordellii
is usually associated with skin and soft tissue infections. We describe the first case to our knowledge of a
Clostridium sordellii
-associated brain abscess, diagnosed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, expanding the microbiological spectrum of brain abscesses, with emphasis on the role of 16S rRNA gene PCR in their etiologic diagnosis.
Multicentric Comparative Analytical Performance Study for Molecular Detection of Low Amounts of
Toxoplasma gondii
from Simulated Specimens
Authors: Sterkers Yvon , Varlet-Marie Emmanuelle , Cassaing Sophie , Brenier-Pinchart Marie-Pierre , Brun Sophie , Dalle Frédéric , Delhaes Laurence , Filisetti Denis , Pelloux Hervé , Yera Hélène , Bastien Patrick 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Although screening for maternal toxoplasmic seroconversion during pregnancy is based on immunodiagnostic assays, the diagnosis of clinically relevant toxoplasmosis greatly relies upon molecular methods. A problem is that this molecular diagnosis is subject to variation of performances, mainly due to a large diversity of PCR methods and primers and the lack of standardization. The present multicentric prospective study, involving eight laboratories proficient in the molecular prenatal diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, was a first step toward the harmonization of this diagnosis among university hospitals in France. Its aim was to compare the analytical performances of different PCR protocols used for
Toxoplasma
detection. Each center extracted the same concentrated
Toxoplasma gondii
suspension and tested serial dilutions of the DNA using its own assays. Differences in analytical sensitivities were observed between assays, particularly at low parasite concentrations (≤2
T. gondii
genomes per reaction tube), with “performance scores” differing by a 20-fold factor among laboratories. Our data stress the fact that differences do exist in the performances of molecular assays in spite of expertise in the matter; we propose that laboratories work toward a detection threshold defined for a best sensitivity of this diagnosis. Moreover, on the one hand, intralaboratory comparisons confirmed previous studies showing that rep529 is a more adequate DNA target for this diagnosis than the widely used B1 gene. But, on the other hand, interlaboratory comparisons showed differences that appear independent of the target, primers, or technology and that hence rely essentially on proficiency and care in the optimization of PCR conditions.
Long-Lasting Protective Antiviral Immunity Induced by Passive Immunotherapies Requires both Neutralizing and Effector Functions of the Administered Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Nasser Roudaina , Pelegrin Mireia , Michaud Henri-Alexandre , Plays Marc , Piechaczyk Marc , Gros Laurent 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTUsing FrCasEretrovirus-infected newborn mice as a model system, we have shown recently that a long-lasting antiviral immune response essential for healthy survival emerges after a short treatment with a neutralizing (667) IgG2a isotype monoclonal antibody (MAb). This suggested that the mobilization of adaptive immunity by administered MAbs is key for the success in the long term for the MAb-based passive immunotherapy of chronic viral infections. We have addressed here whether the anti-FrCasEprotective endogenous immunity is the mere consequence of viral propagation blunting, which would simply give time to the immune system to react, and/or to actual immunomodulation by the MAb during the treatment. To this aim, we have compared viral replication, disease progression, and antiviral immune responses between different groups of infected mice: (i) mice treated with either the 667 MAb, its F(ab′)2fragment, or an IgM (672) with epitopic specificity similar to that of 667 but displaying different effector functions, and (ii) mice receiving no treatment but infected with a low viral inoculum reproducing the initial viral expansion observed in their infected/667 MAb-treated counterparts. Our data show that the reduction of FrCasEpropagation is insufficient on its own to induce protective immunity and support a direct immunomodulatory action of the 667 MAb. Interestingly, they also point to sequential actions of the administered MAb. In a first step, viral propagation is exclusively controlled by 667 neutralizing activity, and in a second one, this action is complemented by FcγR-binding-dependent mechanisms, which most likely combine infected cell cytolysis and the modulation of the antiviral endogenous immune response. Such complementary effects of administered MAbs must be taken into consideration for the improvement of future antiviral MAb-based immunotherapies.
Binding of the Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Tegument Protein UL69 to UAP56/URH49 Is Not Required for Efficient Replication of HCMV
Authors: Kronemann Daniel , Hagemeier Stacy R. , Cygnar Dan , Phillips Stacia , Bresnahan Wade A. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) tegument protein UL69 is important for efficient viral replication at low multiplicities of infection. Several molecular mechanisms by which UL69 contributes to HCMV replication have been proposed, including UL69's ability to interact with the mRNA export factors UAP56 and URH49 to facilitate the shuttling of viral mRNAs from the nuclei of infected cells. Using a UL69 viral mutant that is unable to bind UAP56 and URH49, we demonstrated that UL69's interaction with UAP56 or URH49 does not contribute to the growth phenotype associated with the UL69 deletion mutant.
Application of Broad-Spectrum Resequencing Microarray for Genotyping Rhabdoviruses
Authors: Dacheux Laurent , Berthet Nicolas , Dissard Gabriel , Holmes Edward C. , Delmas Olivier , Larrous Florence , Guigon Ghislaine , Dickinson Philip , Faye Ousmane , Sall Amadou A. , Old Iain G. , Kong Katherine , Kennedy Giulia C. , Manuguerra Jean-Claude , Cole Stewart T. , Caro Valérie , Gessain Antoine , Bourhy Hervé 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

The rapid and accurate identification of pathogens is critical in the control of infectious disease. To this end, we analyzed the capacity for viral detection and identification of a newly described high-density resequencing microarray (RMA), termed PathogenID, which was designed for multiple pathogen detection using database similarity searching. We focused on one of the largest and most diverse viral families described to date, the family
Rhabdoviridae
. We demonstrate that this approach has the potential to identify both known and related viruses for which precise sequence information is unavailable. In particular, we demonstrate that a strategy based on consensus sequence determination for analysis of RMA output data enabled successful detection of viruses exhibiting up to 26% nucleotide divergence with the closest sequence tiled on the array. Using clinical specimens obtained from rabid patients and animals, this method also shows a high species level concordance with standard reference assays, indicating that it is amenable for the development of diagnostic assays. Finally, 12 animal rhabdoviruses which were currently unclassified, unassigned, or assigned as tentative species within the family
Rhabdoviridae
were successfully detected. These new data allowed an unprecedented phylogenetic analysis of 106 rhabdoviruses and further suggest that the principles and methodology developed here may be used for the broad-spectrum surveillance and the broader-scale investigation of biodiversity in the viral world.
Fundamental Difference in the Content of High-Mannose Carbohydrate in the HIV-1 and HIV-2 Lineages
Authors: Stansell Elizabeth , Desrosiers Ronald C. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

The virus-encoded envelope proteins of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) typically contain 26 to 30 sites for N-linked carbohydrate attachment. N-linked carbohydrate can be of three major types: high mannose, complex, or hybrid. The lectin proteins from
Galanthus nivalis
(GNA) and
Hippeastrum
hybrid (HHA), which specifically bind high-mannose carbohydrate, were found to potently inhibit the replication of a pathogenic cloned SIV from rhesus macaques, SIVmac239. Passage of SIVmac239 in the presence of escalating concentrations of GNA and HHA yielded a lectin-resistant virus population that uniformly eliminated three sites (of 26 total) for N-linked carbohydrate attachment (Asn-X-Ser or Asn-X-Thr) in the envelope protein. Two of these sites were in the gp120 surface subunit of the envelope protein (Asn244 and Asn460), and one site was in the envelope gp41 transmembrane protein (Asn625). Maximal resistance to GNA and HHA in a spreading infection was conferred to cloned variants that lacked all three sites in combination. Variant SIV gp120s exhibited dramatically decreased capacity for binding GNA compared to SIVmac239 gp120 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Purified gp120s from six independent HIV type 1 (HIV-1) isolates and two SIV isolates from chimpanzees (SIVcpz) consistently bound GNA in ELISA at 3- to 10-fold-higher levels than gp120s from five SIV isolates from rhesus macaques or sooty mangabeys (SIVmac/sm) and four HIV-2 isolates. Thus, our data indicate that characteristic high-mannose carbohydrate contents have been retained in the cross-species transmission lineages for SIVcpz-HIV-1 (high), SIVsm-SIVmac (low), and SIVsm-HIV-2 (low).