bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling user reputation in wikis
Authors: Javanmardi Sara , Lopes Cristina , Baldi Pierre 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCollaborative systems available on the Web allow millions of users to share information through a growing collection of tools and platforms such as wikis, blogs, and shared forums. By their very nature, these systems contain resources and information with different quality levels. The open nature of these systems, however, makes it difficult for users to determine the quality of the available information and the reputation of its providers. Here, we first parse and mine the entire English Wikipedia history pages in order to extract detailed user edit patterns and statistics. We then use these patterns and statistics to derive three computational models of a user's reputation. Finally, we validate these models using ground‐truth Wikipedia data associated with vandals and administrators. When used as a classifier, the best model produces an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.98. Furthermore, we assess the reputation predictions generated by the models on other users, and show that all three models can be used efficiently for predicting user behavior in Wikipedia. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 126‐139, 2010
Is inquiry possible in light of accountability?: A quantitative comparison of the relative effectiveness of guided inquiry and verification laboratory instruction
Authors: Blanchard Margaret R. , Southerland Sherry A. , Osborne Jason W. , Sampson Victor D. , Annetta Leonard A. , Granger Ellen M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this quantitative study, we compare the efficacy of Level 2, guided inquiry–based instruction to more traditional, verification laboratory instruction in supporting student performance on a standardized measure of knowledge of content, procedure, and nature of science. Our sample included 1,700 students placed in the classrooms of 12 middle school and 12 high school science teachers. The instruction for both groups included a week long, laboratory‐based, forensics unit. Students were given pre‐, post‐, and delayed posttests, the results of which were analyzed through a Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) using students' scores, teacher, level of school, Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP) scores, and school socioeconomic status. Overall, compared to students in traditional sections, students who participated in an inquiry‐based laboratory unit showed significantly higher posttest scores; had the higher scores, more growth, and long‐term retention at both the high school and middle school levels, if their teacher had stronger implementation of inquiry methods (as measured by RTOP scores); and tended to have better outcomes than those who learned through traditional methods, regardless of level of poverty in the school. Our findings suggest that Level 2 inquiry can be an effective teaching approach to support student learning as measured through standardized assessments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Sci Ed94:577–616, 2010
Analysis of extreme drinking in patients with alcohol dependence using Pareto regression
Authors: Das Sourish , Harel Ofer , Dey Dipak K. , Covault Jonathan , Kranzler Henry R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe developed a novel Pareto regression model with an unknown shape parameter to analyze extreme drinking in patients with Alcohol Dependence (AD). We used the generalized linear model (GLM) framework and the log‐link to include the covariate information through the scale parameter of the generalized Pareto distribution. We proposed a Bayesian method based on Ridge prior and Zellner'sg‐prior for the regression coefficients. Simulation study indicated that the proposed Bayesian method performs better than the existing likelihood‐based inference for the Pareto regression.We examined two issues of importance in the study of AD. First, we tested whether a single nucleotide polymorphism withinGABRA2gene, which encodes a subunit of the GABAAreceptor, and that has been associated with AD, influences ‘extreme’ alcohol intake and second, the efficacy of three psychotherapies for alcoholism in treating extreme drinking behavior. We found an association between extreme drinking behavior andGABRA2. We also found that, at baseline, men with a high‐riskGABRA2allele had a significantly higher probability of extreme drinking than men with no high‐risk allele. However, men with a high‐risk allele responded to the therapy better than those with two copies of the low‐risk allele. Women with high‐risk alleles also responded to the therapy better than those with two copies of the low‐risk allele, while women who received the cognitive behavioral therapy had better outcomes than those receiving either of the other two therapies. Among men, motivational enhancement therapy was the best for the treatment of the extreme drinking behavior. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphene Oxide, Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide, and Graphene: Versatile Building Blocks for Carbon‐Based Materials
Authors: Compton Owen C. , Nguyen SonBinh T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIsolated graphene, a nanometer‐thick two‐dimensional analog of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, has recently sparked great excitement in the scientific community given its excellent mechanical and electronic properties. Particularly attractive is the availability of bulk quantities of graphene as both colloidal dispersions and powders, which enables the facile fabrication of many carbon‐based materials. The fact that such large amounts of graphene are most easily produced via the reduction of graphene oxide—oxygenated graphene sheets covered with epoxy, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups—offers tremendous opportunities for access to functionalized graphene‐based materials. Both graphene oxide and graphene can be processed into a wide variety of novel materials with distinctly different morphological features, where the carbonaceous nanosheets can serve as either the sole component, as in papers and thin films, or as fillers in polymer and/or inorganic nanocomposites. This Review summarizes techniques for preparing such advanced materials via stable graphene oxide, highly reduced graphene oxide, and graphene dispersions in aqueous and organic media. The excellent mechanical and electronic properties of the resulting materials are highlighted with a forward outlook on their applications.
Levels of phosphodiesterase 4A and 4B are altered by chronic treatment with psychotropic medications in rat frontal cortex
Authors: Fatemi S. Hossein , Folsom Timothy D. , Reutiman Teri J. , Braun Natalie N. , Lavergne Luke G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOur laboratory has recently demonstrated altered expression of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4A and 4B in subjects with autism, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, suggesting disrupted cAMP signaling in these diagnostic groups. In the current study, we measured expression of PDEs in rat frontal cortex (FC) following chronic treatment with clozapine, fluoxetine, haloperidol, lithium, olanzapine, valproic acid (VPA), or sterile saline for 21 days. Western blotting experiments showed decreased expression of PDE4A subtypes in FC following treatment with clozapine, haloperidol, lithium, and VPA. PDE4B subtypes were similarly reduced in FC following treatment with clozapine, fluoxetine, and lithium. We also measured levels of nine PDE subtypes via qRT‐PCR in FC and found significant upregulation of PDE1A and PDE8B following treatment with olanzapine, while treatment with lithium reduced expression of mRNA for PDE8B. Our results demonstrate altered expression of PDE4A and PDE4B in response to a variety of psychotropic medications suggesting potentially new therapeutic avenues for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. Synapse 64:550–555, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective perturbation of the BAR domain of endophilin impairs synaptic vesicle endocytosis
Authors: Andersson Fredrik , Löw Peter , Brodin Lennart 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe importance of the BAR domain of endophilin in synaptic vesicle endocytosis was tested in presynaptic microinjection experiments in the lamprey giant synapse. Antibodies as well as Fab fragments directed to the BAR domain caused a stimulus‐dependent decrease in the number of synaptic vesicles along with an accumulation of shallow clathrin coated pits in the periactive zone. Moreover, the isolated BAR domain protein also caused an accumulation of shallow‐coated pits in the periactive zone, in addition to appearance of narrow tubules in synaptic regions. The BAR domain of endophilin is thus required for efficient progression of the synaptic vesicle cycle. Synapse 64:556–560, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shaking table tests on China Pavilion for Expo 2010 Shanghai China
Authors: Yang Juhua , Chen Yun , Jiang Huanjun , Lu Xilin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractModern structural engineering tends to progress towards more novel high‐rise structures through gradually improved methods of design and wide use of new materials. The National Hall of China Pavilion for Expo 2010 Shanghai is such a building specially designed with a shape of an inverted trapezoid in elevation and local discontinuity of floor slabs in plan for aesthetic and functional considerations. The preliminary analysis shows that the fundamental vibration mode of this structure is a torsional mode due to the special shape, thus resulting in the period ratio between the first torsional mode and the first translational mode exceeding the limit value stipulated in Chinese code. Shaking table tests of a 1/27‐scale structural model were performed to observe the seismic response characteristics, and verify the seismic safety of the structure. This paper presents the results of the shaking table tests in terms of dynamic properties, global responses, as well as local responses. It was found that the torsional effects were not significant by the analysis of the ratio between the maximum displacement and the average displacement of floor and torsional angle. Finally, weak points were identified, and some corresponding suggestions were put forward to improve the overall seismic performance of this structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse risk of tall steel moment frame buildings with viscous dampers subjected to large earthquakes
Authors: Miyamoto H. Kit , Gilani Amir S. J. , Wada Akira , Ariyaratana Christopher 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe design approach for tall steel moment frame structures with viscous dampers entails sizing steel members per code‐level strength forces, and sizing viscous dampers to limit storey drifts. This method has been used extensively in new and retrofit applications. This methodology has resulted in structures that have longer periods than those using the code‐designed approach, are economically competitive and have excellent performance in design‐level earthquakes. However, the efficacy of this design in extreme events is not well understood because of the lack of limit states data for dampers and the absence of a field or analytical database of such structures subjected to large earthquakes. Mathematical modelling of viscous dampers with limit states was developed, correlated with experimental results and then used to analyse 10‐storey archetypes. This analysis showed that the design had satisfactory performance during extreme seismic events. There were significant improvements in reducing collapse hazard by using an enhanced damper design with an increased damper safety factor. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagrid tube structures composed of straight diagonals with gradually varying angles
Authors: Zhang Chonghou , Zhao Feng , Liu Yansheng 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper presents preliminary design guidelines specifically for diagrid tube structures composed of straight diagonals with gradually changing angles. A graphic approach to configurating a diagrid of this type is introduced, with two basic geometric variables involved, i.e. the bottom and top diagonal angles. In terms of both stiffness and strength design criteria, a methodology for calculating diagonal member sizes is developed and applied to a set of diagrid tube structures with height‐to‐width aspect ratios ranging from 3.6 to 9. The diagrid tube structures are designed with various combinations of bottom and top angles in order to investigate the effects of bottom and top angles on the material usage. Based on the results, the optimal values of bottom and top angles are suggested, then, the optimal geometries for diagrid tube structures with different aspect ratios are determined. This paper attempts to help the designer arrange the structurally efficient diagrid layout conveniently and perform approximate calculations of the diagonal member sizes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moral psychology (ethics)
Authors: Andreou Chrisoula 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article examines a selection of currently lively debates in the quickly evolving, interdisciplinary field of moral psychology. Topics discussed include the possibility of amoralism, the nature of rationality, the (ir)rationality of emotions and intuitions, the psychology of cooperation and of (rational) commitment, weakness of will, free will, and the assignment of moral responsibility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Philosophy > Action
Profound biotinidase deficiency: a rare disease among native Swedes
Authors: Ohlsson Annika , Guthenberg Claes , Holme Elisabeth , von Döbeln Ulrika 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBiotinidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder included in many newborn screening programmes. Prior to the introduction of screening for biotinidase deficiency in Sweden in 2002, the disorder was almost unknown, with only one case diagnosed clinically. Biotinidase activity was measured in dried blood spots with a semiquantitative method using biotin‐6‐amidoquinoline as substrate. The cutoff value was set at 25% (later lowered to 20%) of the mean activity of all samples measured on that day. The disorder was confirmed by quantitative determination of biotinidase activity in plasma and DNA analyses. Over a period of 6 years, 13 patients were identified among 637,452 screened newborns and 5,068 adoptive/immigrant children. None of the patients had clinical symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Six patients had profound biotinidase deficiency, with an activity of 0–5% of normal in plasma. Four of these patients were born to parents who were first cousins of Middle Eastern or African origin. Eighteen gene alterations were identified, nine of which have not previously been described: seven mutations p.L83S (c.248T > C), p.R148H (c.443G > A), p.N202I (c.605A > T), p.I255T (c.764T > C), p.N402S (c.1205A > G), p.L405P (c.1214T > C), p.G445R (c.1333G > A) and two silent mutations p.L71L (c.211C > T) and p.L215L (c.645C > T). The predicted severity of the novel mutations was analyzed by sorting intolerant from tolerant (SIFT) and polymorphism phenotyping (PolyPhen), predicting p.L83S, p.L405P and p.G445R as severe mutations. Due to the high rate of immigrants since 1990 from non‐Nordic countries, the incidence of biotinidase deficiency is similar to that found in many other Western countries.
Coacervates as a Modern Delivery System of Hand Dishwashing Liquids
Authors: Wasilewski Tomasz 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHand dishwashing liquids can be produced in a coacervate form. Such a delivery system can be readily mixed with water and, in the initial dilution stage, may exhibit a high viscosity. This makes it feasible to formulate concentrated products which can be diluted by consumers. The surfactant concentration in the starting formulation is found to affect the possibility of producing hand dishwashing liquids in coacervate form. Hand dishwashing liquids in coacervate form are produced by the separation of the upper phase under the effect of sodium chloride, whose concentration is a key parameter. An increase in the concentration of anionic surfactants in the starting formulation, requires a slight increase in the concentration of sodium chloride to start coacervation and this results in an increase in coacervate volume. The properties of the coacervate, i.e. viscosity, washability, emulsifying power and foamability, are reported and found to be similar to those of typical commercial products.
The effect of the year of wheat variety release on productivity and stability of performance on two organic and two non-organic farms
Authors: JONES H. , CLARKE S. , HAIGH Z. , PEARCE H. , WOLFE M. 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYNineteen wheat cultivars, released from 1934 to 2000, were grown at two organic and two non-organic sites in each of 3 years (2004–05, 2005–06 and 2006–07). Assessments included grain yield, grain protein concentration, protein yield, disease incidence and green leaf area (GLA). The superiority of each cultivar (the sum of the squares of the differences between its mean in each environment and the mean of the best cultivar there, divided by twice the number of environments; CS) was calculated for yield, grain protein concentration and protein yield, and ranked in each environment. The yield and grain protein concentration CS were more closely correlated with cultivar release date at the non-organic sites than at organic sites. This difference may be attributed to higher yield levels with larger differences among cultivars at the non-organic sites, rather than to improved stability (i.e. similar ranks) across sites. The significant difference in the correlation of protein yield CS and cultivar age between organic and non-organic sites would support evidence that the ability to take up mineral nitrogen (N) compared to soil N has been a component of the selection conditions of more modern cultivars (released after 1989). This is supported by assessment of GLA, where more modern cultivars in the non-organic systems had greater late-season GLA, a trend that was not identified in organic conditions. This effect could explain the poor correlation between age and protein yield CS in organic compared to non-organic conditions where modern cultivars are selected to benefit from later nitrogen (N) availability which includes the spring nitrogen applications tailored to coincide with peak crop demand. Under organic management, N release is largely based on the breakdown of fertility-building crops incorporated (ploughed-in) in the previous autumn. The release of nutrients from these residues is dependent on the soil conditions, which includes temperature and microbial populations, in addition to the potential leaching effect of high winter rainfall in the UK. In organic cereal crops, early resource capture is a major advantage for maximizing the utilization of nutrients from residue breakdown. It is concluded that selection of cultivars under conditions of high agrochemical inputs selects for cultivars that yield well under maximal conditions in terms of nutrient availability and pest, disease and weed control. The selection conditions for breeding have a tendency to select cultivars which perform relatively better in non-organic compared to organic systems.
Changes in surgical consent practices for common otolaryngology procedures: impact of Modernising Medical Careers
Authors: Puwanarajah P , McDonald S E 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives:To assess elective surgery consent practices amongst senior house officers from a selection of UK ENT departments, and to compare results with similar surveys in 2002 and 2005.Methods:A telephone survey of senior house officers in 40 UK ENT departments was conducted to assess departmental consent policies and knowledge of complications of common ENT operations.Results:A total of 77.5 per cent of responding senior house officers were responsible for consenting, reduced from 92.5 per cent in 2002 (p = 0.06). There had been a significant improvement in the use of patient information sheets, from 25 per cent of departments in 2002 to 65 per cent in 2008 (p = 0.0002). There had been no improvement in training or in the use of standard National Health Service consent forms, and the senior house officers' knowledge of specific complications remained poor. Of the senior house officers surveyed, 37.5 per cent were foundation trainees.Conclusions:There has been some improvement in information delivery to patients during the consent process, in accordance with General Medical Council, Department of Health and Modernising Medical Careers guidelines. However, most senior house officers are still required to obtain patient consent without appropriate training.
Tortuous internal carotid artery presenting as a pharyngeal mass
Authors: Hosokawa S , Mineta H 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:Deformities of the carotid artery are rare. Tortuosity, kinking and coiling of the internal carotid artery may be observed with advancing age. A tortuous internal carotid artery may cause an abnormal sensation in the throat. In the early twentieth century, there were several reported cases of fatal haemorrhage during pharyngeal surgical procedures, because this condition went undetected.Method and results:We present two cases of tortuosity of the right internal carotid artery. Both women complained of abnormal throat sensations. Endoscopic studies and radiological examinations revealed tortuous right internal carotid arteries presenting as pulsatile masses. A literature review revealed that, in most reported cases, this deformity occurred on the right side. We believe that the defect and its right-sided predominance can be attributed to anatomical influences and factors affecting blood pressure.Conclusion:In most reported cases of tortuous internal carotid artery, the defect occurred on the right side and patients complained of an abnormal sensation in the throat. This information is useful in the diagnosis of this condition. It is important for otolaryngologists to recognise this anomaly, because fatal haemorrhage can occur in patients with this condition during surgical procedures on the pharynx.
Use of a closed set questionnaire to measure primary and secondary effects of neurofibromatosis type 2
Authors: Neary W J , Hillier V F , Flute T , Stephens D , Ramsden R T , Evans D G R 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives:To identify the greatest difficulties reported by people affected by neurofibromatosis type 2, and to determine the relationship between the primary and secondary effects of the disease.Design:Postal questionnaire study.Setting:Questionnaire sent to subjects' home addresses.Participants:Eighty-seven adult patients under the care of the Manchester multidisciplinary neurofibromatosis type 2 team were invited to take part.Main outcome measure:The response rate was 62 out of 87 (71 per cent).Results:Respondents' answers emphasised that their greatest problem was deafness, which resulted in communication difficulties with social contacts, close partners, family and friends. Correlation coefficients indicated a relationship between general mood changes and hearing difficulties, social communication problems, balance difficulties and mobility problems. Self-confidence was significantly related only to social communication problems.Conclusions:The use of a closed set neurofibromatosis type 2 questionnaire identified hearing problems and subsequent communication difficulties as the main problems faced by people with this condition.