bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of wheat middling incorporation into wet corn distillers grains with solubles on apparent diet digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristics in growing and finishing diets
Authors: Duncan Zachary M , DeBord Zachary L , Pflughoeft Madison G , Hollenbeck William R , Titgemeyer Evan C , Olson K C , Blasi Dale A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Two separate cross-over experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of incorporating wheat middlings into wet corn distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) on apparent diet digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristics in growing and finishing diets. In experiment 1, four ruminally cannulated heifers (313 ± 42.9 kg) were limit fed a high-energy growing diet that included WDGS (CON) or WDGS + wheat middlings (CON + WM) at 40% of diet dry matter (DM). The diet also contained (DM basis) 39.5% dry-rolled corn, 7.5% supplement, and 13% warm-season grass hay. In experiment 2, four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (321 ± 17.4 kg) were fed a finishing diet that included WDGS (CON) or WDGS + wheat middlings (CON + WM) at 30% of diet DM. The diet also contained (DM basis) 60.3% dry-rolled corn, 2.7% supplement, and 7.0% warm-season grass hay. Experiments consisted of two 15-d periods that were conducted concurrently. Each period included 10 d of diet adaptation, 4 d of fecal collection, and 1 d of ruminal fluid collection. Fecal samples were collected on days 11 to 14 of each period and composite samples were analyzed for chromium to estimate apparent diet digestibility. On day 15, ruminal fluid samples were collected prior to feeding and again at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, and 24-h post-feeding. In experiment 1, DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake did not differ (P ≥ 0.11) between diets; however, starch intake was greater (P = 0.03) for heifers fed CON + WM compared with CON. Apparent DM, OM, NDF, and starch digestibilities were similar between diets (P ≥ 0.13), but feeding CON + WM tended to lead to lesser (P = 0.06) apparent ADF digestibility. Ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations did not differ between diets (P ≥ 0.16); however, ruminal ammonia concentrations tended to be less (P = 0.09) for CON + WM compared with CON. In experiment 2, DM intake did not differ (P = 0.65) between diets. Apparent DM digestibility was greater (P = 0.01) for CON + WM compared with CON but the difference was small. Intake and apparent digestibility of OM, NDF, ADF, and starch did not differ (P ≥ 0.25) between diets. Ruminal ammonia concentrations were lesser (P = 0.03) while ruminal pH was greater (P = 0.02) for CON + WM compared with CON. Overall, incorporation of wheat middlings into WDGS had minimal impacts on feed intake, apparent diet digestibility, and ruminal fermentation characteristics when fed to growing and finishing cattle.
The mathematics pipeline in England: inclusion and the excellence stream
Authors: Brignell Christopher , Noyes Andrew , Jacques Laurie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In England, there is currently heightened political interest in increasing mathematics attainment and maximizing post-16 participation. The latter is not merely an issue for upper secondary but requires a long-view of students’ mathematical progress. This paper reports such a system-level overview of the mathematics education pipeline in England based on analysis of linked data from the National Pupil Database (NPD) and Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA). A sequence of mixed-effect logistic regression models at each phase of the education pipeline are developed to predict attainment in General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), A level and undergraduate mathematics and participation in post-16 and university mathematics. In particular, we focus on the impact of prior attainment and student demographics: gender, ethnicity and socio-economic status. The analysis identifies four important findings. Firstly, female participation and attainment in A level Mathematics and Further Mathematics is lower than that of male students, which impacts their representation in undergraduate mathematics, despite them marginally outperforming male students at both GCSE and degree level. Secondly, the attainment and participation of students of Asian ethnicity in GCSE and A level Mathematics is striking in its positive divergence from the trends of other ethnic groups, whereas White students have higher attainment than other ethnic groups at university. Thirdly, many students from poorer backgrounds fall behind their peers during years 7 to 11, and their participation and attainment in A level Mathematics is also reduced compared to their more affluent peers. Lastly, students who study A level Further Mathematics are more likely to study undergraduate mathematics, but they are no more likely to achieve a first-class degree, compared to those who haven’t studied Further Mathematics. The findings should be informative to policymakers and other stakeholders who can put in place enhancements and interventions to improve the outcomes for underrepresented groups.
Single-cell insights into mouse testicular toxicity under peripubertal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Authors: Li Yongning , Tian Yaru , Xu Miao , Qiu Xuemei , Bao Zhongjian , Shi Miaoying , Deng Fuchang , Chen Yuanyuan , Tang Song , Wan Yi , Jia Xudong , Yang Hui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Male fertility depends on normal pubertal development. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a potent antiandrogen chemical, and exposure to DEHP during peripuberty can damage the developing male reproductive system, especially the testis. However, the specific cellular targets and differentiation processes affected by DEHP, which lead to testicular toxicity, remain poorly defined. Herein, we presented the first single-cell transcriptomic profile of the pubertal mouse testis following DEHP exposure. To carry out the experiment, 2 groups (n = 8 each) of 3-week-old male mice were orally administered 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt or 100 mg/kg body weight DEHP daily from postnatal day 21–48, respectively. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, a total of 31 distinct cell populations were identified, notably, Sertoli and Leydig cells emerged as important targets of DEHP. DEHP exposure significantly decreased the proportions of Sertoli cell clusters expressing mature Sertoli markers (Sox9 and Ar), and selectively reduced the expression of testosterone synthesis genes in fetal Leydig cells. Through cell–cell interaction analyses, we observed changed numbers of interactions in Sertoli cells 1 (SCs1), Leydig cells 1 (LCs1), and interstitial macrophages, and we also identified cell-specific ligand gene expressions in these clusters, such as Inha, Fyn, Vcam1, and Apoe. Complementary in vitro assays confirmed that DEHP directly reduced the expression of genes related to Sertoli cell adhesion and intercellular communication. In conclusion, peripubertal DEHP exposure reduced the number of mature Sertoli cells and may disrupt testicular steroidogenesis by affecting the testosterone synthesis genes in fetal Leydig cells rather than adult Leydig cells.
Complanatuside A ameliorates 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid‐induced colitis in mice by regulating the Th17/Treg balance via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Yueyue , Song Xue , Xia Yongsheng , Zhang Wenjing , Li Wenjie , Wang Yu , Li Jing , Geng Zhijun , Zhang Xiaofeng , Wang Lian , Zuo Lugen , Hu Jianguo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImmunity imbalance of T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) cells is involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). Complanatuside A (CA), a flavonol glycoside, exerts anti‐inflammatory activities and our study aimed to identify its effect on TNBS‐induced colitis and the possible mechanisms. We found that CA alleviated the symptoms of colitis in TNBS mice, as demonstrated by prevented weight loss and colon length shortening, as well as decreased disease activity index scores, inflammatory scores, and levels of proinflammatory factors. Flow cytometry analysis showed that CA markedly reduced the percentage of Th17 cells while increasing the percentage of Treg cells in TNBS mice. Under Th17 cell polarizing conditions, CA inhibited the differentiation of Th17 cells while the Treg cell differentiation was elevated under Treg cell polarizing conditions. Furthermore, it was observed that JAK2 interacted with CA through six hydrogen bonds via molecular docking. The phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 was reduced by CA, which might be correlated with the protective effect of CA on colitis. In conclusion, CA reduced the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in TNBS‐induced colitis, which may provide novel strategies for CD treatment.
Pilot Testing Transcreated Spanish-Language Study Materials for Symptom Research With Infants and Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Fortney Christine A. , Garcia Dana , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Baughcum Amy E. , Slaughter Jonathan L. , Rodriguez Erin M. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Rising admission rates of Hispanic/Latinx families to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have increased the number of non-English-speaking individuals who may wish to participate in research studies. However, a lack of appropriately translated research study materials may limit the opportunity for these families to be involved in research that could impact the care that infants and families receive in the NICU.

Purpose:
The primary purpose was to pilot test study materials that were transcreated from English to Spanish with the assistance of a bilingual community advisory board with Spanish-speaking parents of NICU infants.

Methods:
A total of 19 Spanish-speaking parents (15 mothers and 4 fathers) who were representative of the population of interest completed paper-and-pencil surveys, along with a cognitive interview. Preliminary data related to decision-making and goals of care, infant symptoms, and their experiences in the NICU were also collected.

Results:
The internal reliability of the transcreated study instruments ranged from good to excellent (α= 0.82-0.99). Participants reported that study materials were not offensive and did not make them feel uncomfortable; however, they found some words/phrases to be confusing. Parents had the opportunity to provide suggested wording changes.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Language barriers and a lack of cultural responsiveness can affect the care that infants and their families receive. More accurate and culturally appropriate transcreation of study materials can remove barriers to research participation and facilitate better communication with non-English-speaking families, which may lead to the development of better-informed evidence-based interventions and clinical practices in the NICU.
Prophylactic Unfractionated Heparin in Antepartum Hospitalizations
Authors: Mok Thalia , Nguyen Anissa V. , Kwan Lorna , Steinberg Irving , Vallera Cristianna , Silverman Neil S. , Rao Rashmi 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the effect of gestational age–based dosing of unfractionated heparin (UFH) compared with standard dosing of UFH for thromboprophylaxis on an elevated serum activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) during prolonged antepartum hospitalizations.

METHODS:
This was a randomized trial of pregnant persons who were admitted in the antepartum period for at least 72 hours. Participants were randomly allocated to the standard dose of UFH (5,000 units subcutaneously every 12 hours) or the gestational age–based dose of UFH (first trimester [less than 14 weeks]: 5,000 units subcutaneously every 12 hours; second trimester [14–27 6/7 weeks]: 7,500 units subcutaneously every 12 hours; third trimester (28 weeks or more): 10,000 units subcutaneously every 12 hours). The primary outcome was the proportion of antepartum patients who had an elevated serum aPTT value above the normal range (more than 36.2 seconds) 6 hours after an UFH dose. Secondary outcomes included the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and reported side effects of heparin administration.

RESULTS:
Between December 15, 2020, and April 1, 2022, 97 patients with antepartum hospitalizations were screened and 46 were randomized: 22 allocated to standard dosing and 24 allocated to gestational age–based dosing of UFH. A significantly greater proportion of antepartum patients who received gestational age–based dosing had an abnormal elevation in aPTT compared with those who received standard dosing (33.3% vs 4.8%, P=.02). Gestational age–based dosing resulted in higher maximum [interquartile range] aPTT (30.4 [27.4, 37.5] vs 26.6 [23.0, 29.6], P=.01) and anti-Xa levels (0.09 [0.09, 0.11] vs 0.09 [0.09, 0.09], P=.04). There was no significant difference in VTE between groups (P=.47).

CONCLUSION:
Gestational age–based dosing of UFH for thromboprophylaxis of antepartum hospitalizations was associated with significantly increased rates of elevated coagulation parameters compared with standard fixed dosing. This study suggests a need for close monitoring if higher doses of UFH during pregnancy are used later in gestation. The efficacy of gestational age–based dosing compared with standard dosing for UFH to prevent thromboembolic events remains an area for future investigation.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04635839.
Surgical treatment of colorectal endometriosis: an updated review
Authors: Schneyer Rebecca J. , Hamilton Kacey M. , Meyer Raanan , Nasseri Yosef Y. , Siedhoff Matthew T. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
This review aims to summarize recent literature on the surgical treatment of colorectal endometriosis.

Recent findings
The last decade has seen a surge in the number of studies on bowel endometriosis, with a focus on preoperative evaluation, perioperative management, surgical approach, and surgical outcomes. Many of these studies have originated from large-volume referral centers with varying surgical approaches and philosophies. Colorectal surgery for endometriosis seems to have a positive impact on patient symptoms, quality of life, and fertility. However, these benefits must be weighed against a significant risk of postoperative complications and the potential for long-term bowel or bladder dysfunction, especially for more radical procedures involving the lower rectum. Importantly, most studies regarding surgical technique and outcomes have been limited by their observational design.

Summary
The surgical management of bowel endometriosis is complex and should be approached by a multidisciplinary team. Methodical preoperative evaluation, including appropriate imaging, is vital for surgical planning and patient counseling. The decision to perform a more conservative or radical excision is nuanced and remains an area of controversy. High quality studies in the form of multicenter randomized controlled trials are needed before clear recommendations can be made.
Recommended measurement instruments for genitourinary symptoms associated with menopause: the COMMA (Core outcomes in menopause) consortium
Authors: Paramanandam Vincent S. , Lensen Sarah , Gabes Michaela , Kann Gesina , Donhauser Theresa , Waters Niamh F. , Li Anna D. , Peate Michelle , Susanto Nipuni S. , Caughey Lucy E. , Rangoonwal Fatema , Liu Jingbo , Condron Patrick , Obalowu Ismaila Aberi , Archer David F. , Bell Robin J. , Christmas Monica , Davies Melanie , Davis Susan R. , Giblin Karen , Iliodromiti Stamatina , Jaisamrarn Unnop , Khandelwal Sunila , Kiesel Ludwig , Aggarwal Neelam , Mitchell Caroline M. , Mishra Gita D. , Nappi Rossella E. , Panay Nick , Roberts Helen , Rozenberg Serge , Shifren Jan , Simon James A. , Stute Petra , Vincent Amanda J. , Wolfman Wendy , Hickey Martha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study is to identify appropriate definitions and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for each of the eight core outcomes previously selected for genitourinary symptoms associated with menopause: pain with sex, vulvovaginal dryness, vulvovaginal discomfort or irritation, discomfort or pain when urinating, change in most bothersome symptom, distress, bother or interference of genitourinary symptoms, satisfaction with treatment, and side effects.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review to identify possible definitions and PROMs, including their measurement properties. Identified definitions and relevant PROMs with acceptable measurement properties were entered into an international consensus process involving 28 participants from 10 countries to achieve final recommendations for each core outcome.

Results
A total of 87 publications reporting on 34 PROMs were identified from 21,207 publications screened. Of these 34 PROMs, 29 were not considered to sufficiently map onto the core outcomes, and 26 of these also had insufficient measurement properties. Therefore, only five PROMs corresponding to two core outcomes were considered for recommendation. We recommend the PROMIS Scale v2.0 - Sexual Function and Satisfaction: Vaginal Discomfort with Sexual Activity to measure the outcome of “pain with sexual activity” and the Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging (DIVA) Questionnaire to measure “distress, bother or interference” from genitourinary symptoms. Six definitions of “side effects” were identified and considered. We recommend that all trials report adverse events in study participants, which is a requirement of Good Clinical Practice.

Conclusions
Suitable PROMs and definitions were identified to measure three of eight core outcomes. Because of the lack of existing measures, which align with the core outcomes and have evidence of high-quality measurement properties, future work will focus on developing or validating PROMs for the remaining five core outcomes.
Best Practices in Documenting and Coding High-Value Care in Workers’ Compensation Encounters—ACOEM Guidance Statement
Authors: Cloeren Marianne , Chen Brian , Caretto David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Workers’ compensation outpatient care requires attention to causation, functional assessment, work disability prevention, and return-to-work planning, elements not usually addressed in other types of outpatient encounters. Because these elements of care deviate from the usual pattern of ambulatory services, providers of workers’ compensation care have faced challenges in billing and auditing practices resulting in underpayment when providing high-value care based on evidence-based guidelines. Recent changes in Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services rules on documentation requirements for coding outpatient evaluation and management encounters offer an opportunity for occupational health clinicians to be paid appropriately for care that follows occupational medicine practice guidelines. There remains a need to define the elements of documentation that should be expected in delivering high-value workers’ compensation care. This article provides guidance for documenting high-value workers’ compensation care.
A Qualitative Study Describing Experiences of Pregnancy Discrimination in the Workplace
Authors: Borrowman Jaclyn D. , Unke Mackenzie , Jones Melissa A. , Whitaker Kara M. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
Qualitatively assess experiences of occupational pregnancy discrimination.

Methods
A fully remote phenomenological qualitative study was completed leveraging semistructured interviews with a sample of pregnant employees in the United States. Inclusion criteria included being pregnant, working at least 35 hours per week, employed at least 1 year at current employer, and without diagnosed depression/anxiety.

Results
Participants (N = 20) were, on average, 30 years of age, worked 42.6 hours per week, self-identified as non-Hispanic black (50%), and earned least a bachelor’s degree (85%). Individuals successfully identified various forms of pregnancy discrimination, believing it occurred due to systemic issues or perceptions that women are weak. Most did not report experiences of discrimination fearing retaliation or being unaware of workplace protections.

Conclusion
Pregnancy discrimination in the workplaces comes in various forms and is an issue for some working pregnant individuals.
Potential Misinformation in the Official Disability Guidelines About the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
Authors: Dwyer Darby , Ramachandran Shyam S. , McCall Kyle , Ragsdale Masen , Ring David , Ramtin Sina 
Published: May 2024

Objective
We selected statements in the Official Disability Guidelines that had the potential to reinforce misconceptions regarding symptoms from rotator cuff tendinopathy. These statements were revised and presented with the original statement to specialists.

Methods
Twelve statements regarding rotator cuff tendinopathy were identified as deviating from principles based on ethics, values, and the evidence regarding both pathophysiology and human illness behavior. One hundred fifteen upper extremity surgeons reviewed both original and revised versions of the statements and indicated their preference.

Results
We found that upper extremity surgeons preferred 3 revised statements, 4 Official Disability Guidelines statements, and 5 were rated as neutral between the 2 statements.

Conclusions
Statements revised for evidence, ethics, and healthy mindset were not preferred by specialists, which may indicate limited awareness about how negative thoughts and distressing symptoms impact human illness.
Stress and Coping in Emergency Nurses Following Trauma Patient Care: A Qualitative Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Gillespie Gordon L. , Meyer Holly A. , Daugherty Margot , Puthoff Delinda , Fryman Lisa J. , Howard Patricia Kunz 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Experiencing symptoms of traumatic stress may be the cost of caring for trauma patients. Emergency nurses caring for trauma patients are at risk for traumatic stress reactions.

OBJECTIVE:
This study explored the stress and coping behaviors experienced by emergency nurses who provide trauma care.

METHODS:
Focus groups were held at three urban trauma centers in the Midwestern United States: a Level I pediatric trauma center, a Level I adult trauma center, and a Level III adult trauma center. Data were collected between December 2009 and March 2010. Data analysis was guided by the principles of grounded theory. Line-by-line coding and constant comparative analysis techniques were used to identify recurring constructs.

RESULTS:
A total of 48 emergency nurses participated. Recurring constructs emerged in the data analysis and coding, revealing four major themes: care of the trauma patient, professional practice, personal life, and support.

CONCLUSIONS:
Nurse job engagement, burnout, and professional and personal relationships are influenced by trauma patient care. The study’s resulting themes of care of the trauma patient, professional practice, personal life, and support resulted in the development of the “trauma nursing is a continual experience theory” that can be used as a framework to address these effects. Intentional support and timely interventions based on this new theory can help mitigate the effects of traumatic stress experienced by trauma nurses.