bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUN5 interacts with nuclear membrane LaminB1 and cytoskeletal GTPase Septin12 mediating the sperm head-and-tail junction
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Liu Gang , Huang Lihua , He Xiyi , Su Yuyan , Nie Xinmin , Mao Zenghui , Xing Xiaowei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Acephalic spermatozoa syndrome (ASS) is a severe teratospermia with decaudated, decapitated, and malformed sperm, resulting in male infertility. Nuclear envelope protein SUN5 localizes to the junction between the sperm head and tail. Mutations in the SUN5 gene have been identified most frequently (33–47%) in ASS cases, and its molecular mechanism of action is yet to be explored. In the present study, we generated Sun5 knockout mice, which presented the phenotype of ASS. Nuclear membrane protein LaminB1 and cytoskeletal GTPases Septin12 and Septin2 were identified as potential partners for interacting with SUN5 by immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry in mouse testis. Further studies demonstrated that SUN5 connected the nucleus by interacting with LaminB1 and connected the proximal centriole by interacting with Septin12. The binding between SUN5 and Septin12 promoted their aggregation together in the sperm neck. The disruption of the LaminB1/SUN5/Septin12 complex by Sun5 deficiency caused separation of the Septin12-proximal centriole from the nucleus, leading to the breakage of the head-to-tail junction. Collectively, these data provide new insights into the pathogenesis of ASS caused by SUN5 deficiency.
Single-cell proteomics reveals decreased abundance of proteostasis and meiosis proteins in advanced maternal age oocytes
Authors: Galatidou Styliani , Petelski Aleksandra A , Pujol Aïda , Lattes Karinna , Latorraca Lais B , Fair Trudee , Popovic Mina , Vassena Rita , Slavov Nikolai , Barragán Montserrat 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Advanced maternal age is associated with a decline in oocyte quality, which often leads to reproductive failure in humans. However, the mechanisms behind this age-related decline remain unclear. To gain insights into this phenomenon, we applied plexDIA, a multiplexed data-independent acquisition, single-cell mass spectrometry method, to analyze the proteome of oocytes from both young women and women of advanced maternal age. Our findings primarily revealed distinct proteomic profiles between immature fully grown germinal vesicle and mature metaphase II oocytes. Importantly, we further show that a woman’s age is associated with changes in her oocyte proteome. Specifically, when compared to oocytes obtained from young women, advanced maternal age oocytes exhibited lower levels of the proteasome and TRiC complex, as well as other key regulators of proteostasis and meiosis. This suggests that aging adversely affects the proteostasis and meiosis networks in human oocytes. The proteins identified in this study hold potential as targets for improving oocyte quality and may guide future studies into the molecular processes underlying oocyte aging.
Magnesium biology
Authors: Kröse Jana L , de Baaij Jeroen H F 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Magnesium (Mg2+) is essential for energy metabolism, muscle contraction and neurotransmission. As part of the Mg–ATP complex, it is involved in over 600 enzymatic reactions. Serum Mg2+ levels are tightly regulated between 0.7 and 1.1 mmol/L by interplay of intestinal absorption and renal excretion. In the small intestine, Mg2+ is absorbed paracellularly via claudin-2 and -12. In the colon, transcellular absorption of Mg2+ is facilitated by TRPM6/7 and CNNM4. In the kidney, the proximal tubule reabsorbs only 20% of the filtered Mg2+. The majority of the filtered Mg2+ is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb, where the lumen-positive transepithelial voltage drives paracellular transport via claudin-16/-19. Fine-tuning of Mg2+ reabsorption is achieved in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). Here, TRPM6/7 tetramers facilitate apical Mg2+ uptake, which is hormonally regulated by insulin and epidermal growth factor. Basolateral Mg2+ extrusion is Na+ dependent and achieved by CNNM2 and/or SLC41A3. Hypomagnesemia (serum Mg2+ &lt;0.7 mmol/L) develops when intestinal and/or renal Mg2+ (re)absorption is disturbed. Common causes include alcoholism, type 2 diabetes mellitus and the use of pharmacological drugs, such as proton-pump inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors and thiazide diuretics. Over the last decade, research on rare genetic and acquired Mg2+ disorders have identified Mg2+ channel and transporter activity, DCT length, mitochondrial function and autoimmunity as mechanisms explaining hypomagnesemia. Classically, treatment of hypomagnesemia depended on oral or intravenous Mg2+ supplementation. Recently, prebiotic dietary fibers and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have been proposed as promising new therapeutic pathways to treat hypomagnesemia.
Discrepancy between medical conditions self-reported by bus drivers and medical records
Authors: McCollum E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Medical incapacity at the wheel is a rare but high-profile factor in accident causation. The UK Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) does not require a review of medical records on the application for a bus licence, but applicants sign a self-declaration of medical history. There is debate over what, if any, verification of medical information is required for doctors who complete the medical assessment.

Aims
To assess how self-declaration compares against General Practitioner (GP) patient records for a series of bus drivers undergoing driver licensing assessment in a 12-month period.

Methods
Review of GP reports received for bus driver medicals undertaken in a 12-month period between 1 July 2022 and 30 June 2023.

Results
Of the 145 medicals undertaken, 12 (8.3%) GP reports contained undeclared medical conditions that required further evaluation and may have impacted on fitness to drive.

Conclusions
Studies into the contribution of medical incapacity at the wheel to vehicle accidents are sparse, as, thankfully, are the events themselves. Nevertheless, given the updated General Medical Council guidance to doctors on confidentiality and public protection responsibilities, and evidence to suggest that doctors’ knowledge of the DVLA guidelines is poor, it might be pertinent for the DVLA to reconsider its approach to driver self-reporting in some circumstances, given the discrepancy highlighted here.
Impact of fatigue on work productivity and health-related job loss
Authors: Macfarlane G J , D’Angelo S , Ntani G , Walker-Bone K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Fatigue is commonly reported in population surveys and has been identified in patients with health conditions as a key co-morbidity which makes remaining in work challenging. Such patients, however, rarely have access to programmes to help them manage their fatigue.

Aims
To quantify the relationship between fatigue, work impairment and health-related job loss.

Methods
We use data from the Health and Employment After Fifty study, a longitudinal study of people aged 50–64 years when recruited through general practices in England in 2013–14. During follow-up, fatigue was measured using the Fatigue Assessment Scale, work impairment was assessed using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment scale, and changes in employment status were recorded.

Results
A total of 2743 participants were eligible for the current analysis; 23% satisfied criteria for being fatigued. People who were fatigued were less likely to have a partner, university degree, be physically active and were more likely to be obese. Their job was more likely to involve shifts, be perceived as insecure, have reported difficulties coping with job demands, and be unsatisfying. After adjustment for socio-economic, lifestyle and work-related factors, they were almost twice as likely to report both work impairment (relative risk 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6, 2.1) and future health-related job loss, although the latter effect was only in those with other morbidities (incidence rate ratio 1.96; 95% CI 1.03–3.72).

Conclusions
Providing evidence-based support for workers with health conditions who experience fatigue may have an important impact at a population level in terms of extending working lives.
Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm (REBYOTA®), Among Patients Exposed to Non–Clostridioides difficile Infection Antibiotics: Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis of a Phase 2 Open-Label Study
Authors: Reveles Kelly R , Gonzales-Luna Anne J , Golan Yoav , Alonso Carolyn D , Guthmueller Beth , Tan Xing , Bidell Monique R , Pokhilko Victoria , Crawford Carl V , Skinner Andrew M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic use is a major risk factor for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) due to the associated disruption in gut microbiota. Fecal microbiota, live-jslm (REBYOTA®; RBL, previously RBX2660), is the first microbiota-based live biotherapeutic approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to prevent recurrent CDI in adults following standard-of-care antibiotic treatment. To investigate the impact of non-CDI antibiotics on the durability of RBL, a subgroup analysis was conducted on PUNCH™ Open-Label study participants who received non-CDI antibiotics during the period between RBL administration and up to 2 years after.

Methods
Participants in PUNCH™ Open-Label who received non-CDI antibiotics after RBL administration were included in this subgroup analysis. Treatment response was defined as the absence of CDI diarrhea needing retreatment at the last evaluable time point (8 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, or 2 years) after RBL administration.

Results
Among participants from PUNCH™ Open-Label, 43 received non-CDI antibiotics after RBL administration but before CDI recurrence as evaluated over a 2-year period. Across all evaluable time points, 86% (37/43) of participants had a treatment response regardless of when non-CDI antibiotic exposure occurred. Treatment response was sustained for a median 470 days (IQR, 212–648) from the first day of non-CDI antibiotic use. Most participants (5/6) with CDI recurrences received a high-risk antibiotic.

Conclusions
RBL remained efficacious in participants with a history of recurrent CDI after subsequent non-CDI antibiotic exposure.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02589847 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02589847).
The association between physical intervention use and treatment outcomes in patients participating in an online and psychologically informed pain management program
Authors: McNaughton David T , Hancock Mark J , Bisby Madelyne A , Scott Amelia J , Jones Michael P , Dear Blake F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The availability of multidisciplinary care for the management of chronic pain is uncommon outside specialist clinics. The present study aims to determine the physical intervention use of patients participating in an online psychological pain management program and whether exposure to physical interventions in these patients alters treatment outcomes compared with patients who do not access physical interventions.

Methods
Data were obtained from 2 previously published randomized controlled trials of an online psychological pain management program. Physical intervention exposure (categories: none, 1–3 sessions, 4+ sessions) was assessed at baseline, after treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. Primary outcomes included depression, anxiety, pain intensity, and pain-related disability. Generalized estimating equation models were used to compare treatment outcomes among those with different physical intervention frequencies and periods of exposure. We assessed whether changes in primary outcomes differed (moderated) by the period and category of physical intervention exposure.

Results
Of the patients (n = 1074) who completed the baseline questionnaire across both randomized controlled trials, 470 (44%) reported physical intervention use at baseline, 383 (38%) reported physical intervention use after treatment, and 363 (42%) reported physical intervention use at 3-month follow-up. On average, there were moderate–large reductions from baseline to after treatment with respect to all outcomes (Cohen’s d = 0.36–0.82). For all outcomes, the interaction of time by physical intervention exposure was statistically nonsignificant.

Conclusion
A substantial proportion of patients who participated in a psychologically informed pain management program were establishing, continuing, or stopping additional physical interventions. The frequency of and period of exposure to physical interventions did not appear to moderate treatment outcomes.

Clinical trial registration
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12613000252718 and ACTRN12615001003561). The website for registration information is https://www.anzctr.org.au
Emergent scale-free networks
Authors: Lynn Christopher W , Holmes Caroline M , Palmer Stephanie E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Many complex systems—from the Internet to social, biological, and communication networks—are thought to exhibit scale-free structure. However, prevailing explanations require that networks grow over time, an assumption that fails in some real-world settings. Here, we explain how scale-free structure can emerge without growth through network self-organization. Beginning with an arbitrary network, we allow connections to detach from random nodes and then reconnect under a mixture of preferential and random attachment. While the numbers of nodes and edges remain fixed, the degree distribution evolves toward a power-law with an exponent γ=1+1p that depends only on the proportion p of preferential (rather than random) attachment. Applying our model to several real networks, we infer p directly from data and predict the relationship between network size and degree heterogeneity. Together, these results establish how scale-free structure can arise in networks of constant size and density, with broad implications for the structure and function of complex systems.
Generic Diagonal Conic Bundles Revisited
Authors: Skorobogatov Alexei N , Sofos Efthymios 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We prove a stronger form of our previous result that Schinzel’s Hypothesis holds for 100% of n-tuples of integer polynomials satisfying the usual necessary conditions, where the primes represented by the polynomials are subject to additional constraints in terms of Legendre symbols, as well as upper and lower bounds. We establish the triviality of the Brauer group of generic diagonal conic bundles over the projective line. Finally, we give an explicit lower bound for the probability that diagonal conic bundles in certain natural families have rational points.
Predictive validity of Lupus Patient-Reported Outcome for damage accrual in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: the LUNA Registry
Authors: Nose Yoko , Onishi Akira , Nishimura Keisuke , Yamamoto Yuzuru , Sada Ken-ei , Ichinose Kunihiro , Yoshimi Ryusuke , Ohno Shigeru , Yanai Ryo , Kajiyama Hiroshi , Sato Shuzo , Shimojima Yasuhiro , Fujiwara Michio , Kida Takashi , Miyawaki Yoshia , Matsuo Yusuke , Tsuji Hideaki , Morinobu Akio , Saegusa Jun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The predictive validity of disease-specific quality of life (QOL) remains unknown in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), although disease-specific measures are equally or more responsive to changes than generic QOL. We aimed to examine the predictive validity of the Lupus Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) for damage accrual.

Methods
Patients with SLE and ≥2 measurements over time were included in the Japanese nationwide multicentre registry (LUNA). The Lupus PRO questionnaire contains both health-related (HR) and non-HR QOL measures. Damage accrual was evaluated using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI). We examined the association between the Lupus PRO score at baseline and longitudinal SDI scores using mixed-effects models adjusted for prognostic factors.

Results
Among 1295 patients, those with higher HR-QOL of Lupus PRO at baseline demonstrated a significantly lower increase in SDI (−0.005/year, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.007 to −0.004, P &lt; 0.001). According to the categorization of HR-QOL based on tertile, a similar dose-dependent effect of HR-QOL on longitudinal SDI was identified (second vs first tertile category: −0.101/year, 95% CI: −0.172 to −0.030; third tertile category: −0.211/year, 95% CI: −0.281 to −0.142). Non-HR-QOL was not significantly associated with the SDI scores. Among the HR-QOL domains, cognition, procreation and physical health were significantly associated with the total SDI scores over time. HR-QOL was associated with corticosteroid-dependent and -independent SDI scores.

Conclusion
A higher HR-QOL of Lupus PRO was associated with a lower increase in SDI scores. Our findings imply the importance of disease-specific HR-QOL measurements in assessing prognosis.
Potential association between suicide risk, aggression, impulsivity, and the somatosensory system
Authors: Lee Yoojin , Gilbert Jessica R , Waldman Laura R , Zarate  Carlos A , Ballard Elizabeth D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aggression and impulsivity are linked to suicidal behaviors, but their relationship to the suicidal crisis remains unclear. This magnetoencephalography (MEG) study investigated the link between aggression, impulsivity, and resting-state MEG power and connectivity. Four risk groups were enrolled: high-risk (HR; n = 14), who had a recent suicidal crisis; lower-risk (LR; n = 41), who had a history of suicide attempts but no suicide attempt or ideation in the past year; clinical control (CC; n = 38), who had anxiety/mood disorders but no suicidal history; and minimal risk (MR; n = 28), who had no psychiatric/suicidal history. No difference in resting-state MEG power was observed between the groups. Individuals in the HR group with high self-reported aggression and impulsivity scores had reduced MEG power in regions responsible for sensory/emotion regulation vs. those in the HR group with low scores. The HR group also showed downregulated bidirectional glutamatergic feedback between the precuneus (PRE) and insula (INS) compared to the LR, CC, and MR groups. High self-reported impulsivity was linked to reduced PRE to INS feedback, whereas high risk-taking impulsivity was linked to upregulated INS to postcentral gyrus (PCG) and PCG to INS feedback. These preliminary findings suggest that glutamatergic-mediated sensory and emotion-regulation processes may function as potential suicide risk markers.
Subnational Income, Growth, and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Choudhary M Ali , Dal Barco Ilaria , Haqqani Ijlal A , Lenzi Federico , Limodio Nicola 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Using real-time data and machine-learning methods, we produce monthly aggregates on gross national income (GNI) for 147 Pakistani districts between 2012 and 2021. We use them to understand whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the growth and subnational distribution of income in Pakistan. Three findings emerge from our analysis. First, districts experienced a sizable decline in income during the pandemic, as their monthly growth rate dropped on average by 0.133 percentage points. Second, a larger income drop took place in districts with a higher COVID-19 incidence, which correspond to urban areas characterized by a higher population density. Third, COVID-19 caused a decline in income inequality across districts, with richer districts experiencing more negative income growth during the pandemic.
Primary Cutaneous Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma NOS: Diagnostic Criteria and Challenges
Authors: Robson Alistair , Bakr Farrah , Cabeçadas Jose 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
Primary cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL NOS) denotes lymphomas that do not conform to a recognized entity. Within this category, 3 specific lymphoproliferative diseases had been granted provisional status pending further confirmation of their validity as distinct entities; acral CD8+ lymphoma—recently accepted as acral CD8+ lymphoproliferative disorder—aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma, and CD4+ small-medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. The adoption of stringent diagnostic criteria, which include clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical data, and some inherent variations of these within individual cases, raises problems as to the boundaries between these tumors and a diagnosis of PTCL NOS. This review discusses the evolution of our knowledge of these tumors and their diagnostic criteria with respect to the wider PTCL NOS category.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Trigger Finger May Be an Early Symptom of Preclinic Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rydberg Mattias , Perez Raquel , Merlo Juan , Dahlin Lars B. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and trigger finger (TF), but less is known regarding the risk of developing T2D after being diagnosed with CTS or TF. CTS and TF could be early signs of preclinical T2D, and early detection of T2D is crucial to prevent complications and morbidity. Therefore, we investigate the association between CTS/TF and T2D in an adult population without previous T2D using big data registers in Sweden.

Methods:
Data were collected by crosslinking five nationwide Swedish registers. Individuals aged 40–85 years on December 31, 2010, without prior overt diabetes, were included (n = 3,948,517) and followed up from baseline (ie, a diagnosis of CTS or TF) or January 1, 2011, for controls, until a diagnosis of T2D, prescription of oral antidiabetics or insulin, or end of follow-up four years after baseline. Multivariate Cox regression models were created to calculate hazard ratios for T2D.

Results:
In total, 37,346 (0.95%) patients were diagnosed with CTS, whereof 1329 (3.46%) developed T2D. There were 17,432 (0.44%) patients who developed TF, whereof 639 (3.67%) developed T2D. Among the controls, 2.73% developed T2D. Compared with controls, there was an increased risk of developing T2D after being diagnosed with either CTS (HR 1.35; 95% confidence interval 1.28–1.43) or TF (HR 1.21; 95% confidence interval 1.12–1.31).

Conclusion:
Compared with controls, a diagnosis of CTS or TF was associated with 35% and 21% higher risk for later T2D, respectively, which might indicate the existence of undetected T2D in this population.
Evaluation of Empirical Antibiotic Therapy in Women With Acute Cystitis Visiting Outpatient Clinic in South Korea
Authors: Jeon Song Hyeon , Kim Taeyeon , Jeon Nam Kyung 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe overuse and misuse of antibiotics are a major public health concern, contributing to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic prescription for acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) in primary care clinics in Korea and identify contributing factors.MethodsData from 20- to 64-year-old female AUC patients in the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service–National Patient Sample were analyzed. Four categories of inappropriate antibiotic use were evaluated: inappropriate selection, duration, use of parenteral antibiotics, and multiple oral antibiotics. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the impact of factors on inappropriate prescriptions.ResultsOf the 3125 patients, 2285 (73.1%) received inappropriate antibiotics. The most common categories were the use of parenteral antibiotics. Health care facility–dependent factors were the primary contributors to inappropriate prescription. Urology-specialized clinics had more than double the rate of inappropriate prescription compared with other clinics.ConclusionMore than 70% of AUC patients received inappropriate antibiotics in Korean outpatient clinics. The data highlight the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship in the outpatient setting, with AUC as a “high-priority condition.”