bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving local path planning for UAV flight in challenging environments by refining cost function weights
Authors: Thoma Andreas , Gardi Alessandro , Fisher Alex , Braun Carsten 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) constantly gain in versatility. However, more reliable path planning algorithms are required until full autonomous UAV operation is possible. This work investigates the algorithm 3DVFH* and analyses its dependency on its cost function weights in 2400 environments. The analysis shows that the 3DVFH* can find a suitable path in every environment. However, a particular type of environment requires a specific choice of cost function weights. For minimal failure, probability interdependencies between the weights of the cost function have to be considered. This dependency reduces the number of control parameters and simplifies the usage of the 3DVFH*. Weights for costs associated with vertical evasion (pitch cost) and vicinity to obstacles (obstacle cost) have the highest influence on the failure probability of the local path planner. Environments with mainly very tall buildings (like large American city centres) require a preference for horizontal avoidance manoeuvres (achieved with high pitch cost weights). In contrast, environments with medium-to-low buildings (like European city centres) benefit from vertical avoidance manoeuvres (achieved with low pitch cost weights). The cost of the vicinity to obstacles also plays an essential role and must be chosen adequately for the environment. Choosing these two weights ideal is sufficient to reduce the failure probability below 10%.
Association between the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers and oncologic outcomes of colorectal cancer
Authors: Emile Mona Hany , Emile Sameh Hany , El-Karef Amr Awad , Ebrahim Mohamed Awad , Mohammed Ibrahim Eldosoky , Ibrahim Dina Abdallah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key step in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) that confers metastatic capabilities to cancer cells. The present study aimed to assess the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression and impact of EMT markers, including E-cadherin, Vimentin, β-catenin, and SMAD4, on the oncologic outcomes of CRC.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of 118 CRC patients. Tissue slides were retrieved from the slide archive and five tissue microarray construction blocks were constructed. IHC for E-cadherin, Vimentin, β-catenin, and SMAD4 was done. The main outcome was the association between abnormal marker expression and overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS).

Results
Adenocarcinomas accounted for 71.2% of tumors, whereas 25.4% and 3.4% were mucinous and signet ring cell carcinomas. The rates of lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion were 72.9% and 20.3%, respectively. There was a positive, significant correlation, and association between the four markers. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin was associated with significantly lower OS (p < 0.0001) and similar DFS (p = 0.06). Abnormal Vimentin expression was associated with a significantly higher rate of distant metastasis (p = 0.005) and significantly lower OS and DFS (p < 0.0001). Abnormal expression of β-catenin was associated with significantly lower OS (p < 0.0001) and similar DFS (p = 0.15). Abnormal expression of SMAD4 was associated with significantly lower OS and DFS (p < 0.0001). Abnormal expression of all four markers was associated with a higher disease recurrence, lower OS, and lower DFS.

Conclusion
Abnormal expression of each marker was associated with lower OS, whereas abnormal expression of Vimentin and SMAD4 only was associated with lower DFS.
Landmark Base Point Approach to Positional and Coastal Accuracy Analysis for Historical Map Before WWI: A Case Study 1836 Moltke and 1914 German Blue about in Historical Peninsula of İstanbul
Authors: Sahin Cumhur , Ergun Bahadir , Bilucan Furkan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCartography, unquestionably one of the world’s oldest disciplines of scientific study, is among the fields that have been most influenced by technological improvements. These improvements have enhanced interest in historical maps while also paving the way for modern mapping. All of this process has created new topics of study for cartographers. It is possible to examine old maps using software such as MapAnalyst which can enable the investigation of time-dependent changes. In this study, two historical maps, namely, Moltke and German Blue, were analyzed in the study area including the Historical Peninsula, Golden Horn, some part of Bosphorus, and the Marmara Sea in İstanbul, Türkiye, employing Helmert, Affine, and Huber loss robust estimation methods. It was revealed that the region with the highest deterioration on both maps is between Beşiktaş and Üsküdar. The coastline change analysis was also performed. According to the results, it was observed that the regions with the most coastal change are located on the southern and eastern coasts of the Historical Peninsula.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Nutritional Risk Based on Frailty Scores in Older Stroke Patients
Authors: Liu Lei , He Chunyu , Yang Jiaxin , Chen Wenbo , Xie Yan , Chen Xiaofang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
In older stroke patients with frailty, nutritional deficiencies can amplify their susceptibility, delay recovery, and deteriorate prognosis. A precise predictive model is crucial to assess their nutritional risk, enabling targeted interventions for improved clinical outcomes.

Objective
To develop and externally validate a nutritional risk prediction model integrating general demographics, physical parameters, psychological indicators, and biochemical markers. The aim is to facilitate the early identification of older stroke patients requiring nutritional intervention.

Methods
This was a multicenter cross-sectional study. A total of 570 stroke patients were included, 434 as the modeling set and 136 as the external validation set. The least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to select the predictor variables. Internal validation was performed using Bootstrap resampling (1000 iterations). The nomogram was constructed based on the results of logistic regression. The performance assessment relied on the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), Hosmer–-Lemeshow test, calibration curves, Brier score, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results
The predictive nomogram encompassed seven pivotal variables: Activities of Daily Living (ADL), NIHSS score, diabetes, Body Mass Index (BMI), grip strength, serum albumin levels, and depression. Together, these variables comprehensively evaluate the overall health and nutritional status of elderly stroke patients, facilitating accurate assessment of their nutritional risk. The model exhibited excellent accuracy in both the development and external validation sets, evidenced by AUC values of 0.934 and 0.887, respectively. Such performance highlights its efficacy in pinpointing elderly stroke patients who require nutritional intervention. Moreover, the model showed robust goodness of fit and practical applicability, providing essential clinical insights to improve recovery and prognosis for patients prone to malnutrition.

Conclusions
Elderly individuals recovering from stroke often experience significant nutritional deficiencies. The nomogram we devised accurately assesses this risk by combining physiological, psychological, and biochemical metrics. It equips healthcare providers with the means to actively screen for and manage the nutritional care of these patients. This tool is instrumental in swiftly identifying those in urgent need of targeted nutritional support, which is essential for optimizing their recovery and managing their nutrition more effectively.
Justification for coercion in a public health crisis: not just a matter of individual harm
Authors: White Lucie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe COVID pandemic was an exceptional public health situation – which brought with it unprecedented restrictions across the global populace. But what was it about this pandemic which caused us to implement such drastic restrictions on liberty? Much of the ethical debate on restrictive measures such as lockdowns and vaccine requirements focused on the potential harm that individuals cause to other individuals by the risk of infection. I will suggest that this may come from a reliance on J.S. Mill’s harm principle as providing the ultimate justification for coercion – i.e., the well-accepted principle that state coercion is justified in order to prevent the imposition of unacceptable risk of harm to others. Though there have been attempts, in the wider public health ethics literature, to use the harm principle as a basis for restricting contribution to collective harms, I will suggest that these attempts cannot rely on the harm principle alone. I will then turn to the ways in which an individual-based line of reasoning does not capture a distinctive sort of harm posed by the COVID pandemic (and others like it): the potential failure of healthcare systems. I will draw out three ways in which a focus on the harm that an individual poses to another individual fails to capture the full scope of harm wrought by the collapse of healthcare systems. First, it can’t adequately capture the cumulative and “looping effects” of the harm caused by strained healthcare systems. Second, it fails to capture the widespread ripple effects the failure of a central societal institution can have on other institutions. And third, the failure of a healthcare system can impose “psychic costs”, affecting the moral character of all members of society, reducing trust in institutions, and potentially posing an existential threat to the fabric of society. Finally, I will sketch some implications of the recognition of this distinctive sort of harm for the justification of coercive public health measures.
The complexity of glucose time series is associated with short- and long-term mortality in critically ill adults: a multi-center, prospective, observational study
Authors: Wang Y. , Li S. , Lu J. , Feng K. , Huang X. , Hu F. , Sun M. , Zou Y. , Li Y. , Huang W. , Zhou J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The wealth of data taken from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) remains to be fully used. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between a promising new CGM metric, complexity of glucose time series index (CGI), and mortality in critically ill patients.

Methods
A total of 293 patients admitted to mixed medical/surgical intensive care units from 5 medical centers in Shanghai were prospectively included between May 2020 and November 2021. CGI was assessed using intermittently scanned CGM, with a median monitoring period of 12.0 days. Outcome measures included short- and long-term mortality.

Results
During a median follow-up period of 1.7 years, a total of 139 (47.4%) deaths were identified, of which 73 (24.9%) occurred within the first 30 days after ICU admission, and 103 (35.2%) within 90 days. The multivariable-adjusted HRs for 30-day mortality across ascending tertiles of CGI were 1.00 (reference), 0.68 (95% CI 0.38–1.22) and 0.36 (95% CI 0.19–0.70), respectively. For per 1-SD increase in CGI, the risk of 30-day mortality was decreased by 51% (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.35–0.69). Further adjustment for HbA1c, mean glucose during hospitalization and glucose variability partially attenuated these associations, although the link between CGI and 30-day mortality remained significant (per 1-SD increase: HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.40–0.83). Similar results were observed when 90-day mortality was considered as the outcome. Furthermore, CGI was also significantly and independently associated with long-term mortality (per 1-SD increase: HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61–0.97).

Conclusions
In critically ill patients, CGI is significantly associated with short- and long-term mortality.
Key Components and Content of Effective Evidence-Based Digital Prevention Programs for Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Umbrella Review
Authors: Reitegger Franziska , Peras Igor , Wright Michaela , Gasteiger-Klicpera Barbara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnxiety and depression are among the most common mental health problems in children and adolescents, and evidence-based digital programs may help in their prevention. However, existing reviews lack a detailed overview of effective program elements, including structural features and supporting content. This umbrella review synthesizes the main elements of effective, evidence-based digital programs which facilitate the prevention of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Based on an analysis of 11 existing reviews that describe 45 programs, key components and content contributing to program effectiveness were identified. These included a focus on modular and linear structure, which means organizing the program in a clear and sequential manner. Additionally, approaches based on cognitive behavioral therapy and gamification to engage and motivate users, were identified as effective components. The findings provide a better understanding of what makes digital programs effective, including considerations for sustainability and content, offering valuable insights for the future development of digital programs concerning the prevention of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Critically noted is that the differentiation between prevention and intervention in the program description is not always clear and this could lead to an overestimation of prevention effects.
Dually flat structure of binary choice models
Authors: Tanaka Hisatoshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, we consider parametric binary choice models from the perspective of information geometry. The set of models is a dually flat manifold with dual connections, naturally derived from the Fisher information metric. Under the dual connections, the canonical divergence and the Kullback–Leibler divergence of the binary choice model coincide if and only if the model is a logit model.
Simulation of multijunction solar cell interfaces for enhancement of the power conversion efficiency
Authors: Beepat Kevin Gurbani , Sharma Davinder Pal , Mahajan Aman , Pathak Dinesh , Kumar Vinod 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe problems with traditional solar cells are mainly their high cost and low conversion efficiency, which severely restricts the advancement of these cells in real-world uses. Therefore, in order to maximise the efficiency of GaAs/AlGaAs thin-film heterostructures, GaAs/AlGaAs solar cells were numerically simulated along with Mo(S,Se)2 and CH3NH3PbI3 layers in order to determine the most suitable candidate for maximising its power conversion efficiency. Both two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) solar cells were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics and it was found that the structure which had the highest efficiency was Mo(S,Se)2/GaAs/AlGaAs. The lowering of the Schottky barrier at the semiconductor–metal electrode interface and the low recombination rates reported in the Mo(S,Se)2 layer may have contributed to its high efficiency rates. The combined effect resulted in a open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.61 V, short circuit current density (JSC) of 43.65 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) of 76.6% and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.53%. In addition, the optimum thickness for the Mo(S,Se)2 and the CH3NH3PbI3 layers was found to be 40 and 600 nm, respectively. These results allow for the promotion of highly efficient GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures and provide an effective strategy and source for the manufacture of high-performance thin-film solar cells.
Associated SDOH needs of patients without health insurance and experiencing food insecurity
Authors: Thareja Suma K. , Marting Spenser , Davies William , Samudrala Santhosi , Rayes Ramsey , Balfour Marie , Corujo-Ramirez Ana Mia , Carter Frances , Liu Benjamin , Trinh Dylan , Ritter Thomas , Miller Jessica , Fine Coleman , Lundh Rebecca , Young Staci A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough patients experiencing food insecurity commonly screen positive for a myriad of social determinants of health (SDOH) needs and chronic medical conditions influenced by diet, few studies have investigated associations within both uninsured and food insecure populations. We screened patients for food insecurity using the USDA six-item short form between October 2021 and April 2022. We then evaluated associations of food security status with nine separate SDOH needs and eight chronic medical conditions. In this cross-sectional study, of the 190 patients seen at a student-run free clinic serving patients without health insurance, 135 (71%) completed the SDOH survey. We identified chronic medical conditions via retrospective chart review and analyzed associations using multivariable logistic regressions adjusted for age and sex. Uninsured participants experiencing food insecurity (n = 22,16.3%) requested more support for: medications (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 7.28; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] = 2.33–23.2); p-value [P] =  < 0.001, housing (AOR = 9.99; 95% CI = 2.29–48.7; P = 0.002), utilities (AOR = 3.94; 95% CI = 1.07–13.5; P = 0.03), mental health resources (AOR = 4.54; 95% CI = 1.66–12.5; P = 0.003), health insurance (AOR = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.09–8.22; P = 0.04), and dental care (AOR = 3.65; 95% CI = 1.26–13.3; P = 0.03). These participants were more likely to have anxiety (AOR = 3.26; 95% CI = 1.23–8.38; P = 0.02) and depression (AOR = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.01–7.80; P = 0.04) diagnoses or symptoms. We also discovered that individuals aged 18–50 experiencing food insecurity had a higher number of health conditions (AOR = 6.3455; 95% CI = 1.49–26.99; P = 0.01), underscoring the profound impact of SDOH in younger populations. Understanding the interplay between food insecurity, SDOH needs, and medical conditions informs interventions, including food distribution programs and enhanced mental health resources.
Afghanistan National Depression Screening (ANDs) scale: development and psychometric testing
Authors: Neyazi Ahmad , Mohammadi Abdul Qadim , Rahimi Bilal Ahmad , Razaqi Nosaibah , Afzali Habibah , NoorMohammadi Morteza , Neyazi Mehrab 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Depression is a complex mental health disorder marked by persistent sadness, hopelessness, and reduced interest in daily activities. The present study developed the Afghanistan National Depression Screening (ANDs) scale and examined its psychometric properties within the Afghan population.

Methods
The study enrolled 1245 Afghan individuals as participants. The items within the ANDs scale were developed through a thorough examination of pre-existing depression scales, expert assessments, and participant interviews. Multiple psychometric evaluations were administered to ensure the reliability and validity of the scale.

Results
After review and corrected item-total correlation testing, 15-items exhibiting acceptable corrected item-total correlation coefficients (ranging from 0.315 to 0.647) were retained and further validated through significant factor loadings (ranging from 0.358 to 0.725). Additionally, various properties assessed through classical test theory demonstrated satisfactory results on the 15-item scale. Specifically, measures of reliability such as internal consistency (α = 0.846) and Spearman-Brown coefficient (0.975) were deemed acceptable. Convergent validity was evidenced by strong correlations with established scales, including the DASS-21 (depression subscale, r = 0.854), GHQ-28 (depression subscale, r = 0.693), CES-D 20 (r = 0.922), and PHQ-9 (r = 0.758).

Conclusion
The 15-item ANDs scale is developed to assess depression in Afghan populations, showing promise in correlation with established measures like PHQ-9, DASS-21, CESD-20, and GHQ-28. Its potential for identifying depression symptoms warrants further investigation in epidemiological studies and clinical settings, though replication across diverse samples is necessary for generalizability.
Exploring climate change adaptation strategies of crop and livestock farmers in urban Ghana
Authors: Naazie Godwin K. , Agyemang Isaac , Tampah-Naah Anthony M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the climate change adaptation strategies employed by urban crop and livestock farmers in Ghana. With the increasing recognition of climate change threats to agricultural productivity and food security, it is crucial to understand urban farmers’ adaptation strategies. Through a mixed-methods approach—surveys of 191 urban farming households using a questionnaire and interviews of 13 key informants using an interview guide, data were collected from farmers in urban Ghana. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics from the Statistical Package for Social Sciences and presented in tables. The qualitative data were analysed manually based on themes and content and presented in narratives. The results indicated a significant relationship between urban farmers’ educational status and gender and their sources of climate change adaptation information. Urban farmers’ climate change adaptation strategies include planting more improved and less indigenous crop varieties and rearing of more exotic and less local breeds of animals. Again, to buffer animal production against climatic diseases, urban farmers treat their animals through vaccination, giving animals pills, disinfecting pens, and spraying animals’ bodies with chemicals. Access to agricultural extension services is the main challenge in urban farmers’ climate change adaptation. The study underscores the importance of enhancing farmers’ resilience through targeted interventions, including capacity-building initiatives, access to climate information and financial resources, and the integration of climate-smart agricultural practices into urban planning and policy frameworks. In addressing these challenges and promoting adaptive strategies, urban crop and livestock farmers in Ghana can enhance their resilience to climate change and contribute to sustainable urban agriculture and food security. This study, therefore, contributes to the urban agriculture and climate change literature by drawing attention to how crop and animal farmers in the urban neighbourhood adapt to climatic stressors.
Tidal Composition Analysis of Global Sq Current System
Authors: Chen S. S. , Yamazaki Y. , Denardini C. M. , Resende L. C. A. , Chagas R. A. J. , Stolle C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, we examine the spatiotemporal variability of the global equivalent ionospheric current system estimated from geomagnetic Solar‐quiet (Sq) variations at 124 mid‐ to low‐latitude ground‐based magnetometer stations during 1–31 May 2020. In this period, geomagnetic activity was particularly low, that is, the hourly geomagnetic activity index Hp60 did not exceed 4o. The spherical harmonic analysis is performed on the Sq variations to estimate the equivalent current function at each universal time hour. Hourly maps of the global Sq current system are used to evaluate, for the first time, the tidal composition of mid‐latitude Sq currents and its temporal evolution. Although tides are known to be an important driver of Sq currents, the tidal composition analysis was difficult in previous studies that focused on Sq currents at particular longitude sectors. Our results show that the migrating tidal components (DW1, SW2, and TW3) are predominant in both hemispheres. This is as expected from the strong day‐night contrast in ionospheric conductivities. The day‐to‐day variations of the migrating tidal components are, however, not strongly correlated between the two hemispheres, suggesting that these variations arise not only from the global effect of solar radiation on ionospheric conductivities but also from the local effect of neutral winds. Variations associated with non‐migrating tides are also found. Especially, eastward‐propagating diurnal and semidiurnal tides with zonal wavenumber 1 (DE1 and SE1) are the largest non‐migrating components. Their production mechanisms remain to be understood.