bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUMBANGSI TEOLOGI ABRAHAM KUYPER BAGI KEADILAN SOSIAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Irawati Chandra Wahyuni 
Published: June 2024

The idea of Indonesian democracy is to fight for social justice for all Indonesians. Although the vision of social justice has long been echoed and fought for by the Indonesian people and has even been contained in detail in the state constitution, it has not yet been properly realized. The reality of social justice and welfare has not been realized for all, and economic disparity still exists in Indonesian society. One of the Christian theologians who focused on the framework for social and political reform is Abraham Kuyper. Using the literature research method, this paper investigates Kuyper's ideas and examines his contributions to social reform in the pursuit of social justice in Indonesia. Kuyper's vision is based on God's sovereignty over all aspects of life, which He has also delegated to humans, at least through the state, society, and the church.

Cita-cita demokrasi Indonesia adalah memperjuangkan keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Meskipun visi tentang keadilan sosial telah lama bergelora dan diperjuangkan oleh bangsa Indonesia bahkan telah termuat secara rinci dalam konstitusi negara namun belum terwujud dengan baik. Realita keadilan dan kesejahteraan sosial belum terwujud bagi semua, dan kesenjangan ekonomi masih terjadi dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu teolog Kristen yang berfokus pada kerangka berpikir bagi pembaruan di bidang sosial dan politik adalah Abraham Kuyper. Dengan menggunakan metode riset literatur, tulisan ini mengkaji pemikiran Kuyper dan melihat sumbangsihnya bagi pembaharuan sosial dalam mewujudkan keadilan sosial di Indonesia. Visi Kuyper berpusat pada kedaulatan Allah atas semua aspek kehidupan yang juga mendelegasikan otoritas-Nya kepada manusia, setidaknya melalui negara, masyarakat, dan gereja.
Efektivitas Implementasi Absensi Finger Print Terhadap Disiplin Kehadiran Pegawai Pemerintah Desa (Study Pada Kantor Desa Wendewa Utara Kecamatan Mamboro)
Authors: Lika Ekawati Enga , Rusdin Rusmawaty BTE 
Published: June 2024

Berdasarkan pada Instruksi Presiden No. 6 tahun 2001 tentang Telematika (Telekomunikasi, Media dan Informatika dan Instruksi Presiden RI No. 3 Tahun 2003 tentang Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional Pengembangan E-Government, pemintahan Republik Indonesia menerapkan sistem absensi pegawai berbasis elektronik atau yang dikenal dengan Finger Print, pemamfaatan sistem ini bertujuan untuk menerakan konsep pemerintahan berbasis elektronik (E-Government) untuk mewujudkan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik (Good Government). Kedisiplinan waktu pegawai yang rendah dalam lingkungan pemerintahan Indonesia dapat dibuktikan dengan pegawai yang berkeliaran diluar dinas diatas pukul 08:00 WIB, sedangkan pada regulasi paling telat adalah pada pukul 08:00 WITA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang mengumpulkan data dari hasil wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Kedisiplinan waktu pegawai pada pegawai pemerintah Desa Wendewa Utara dinilai baik, kedisiplinan tersebut diukur berdasarkan rekapitulasi absensi pegawai serta elemen disiplin, kedisiplinan waktu pegawai pada bulan Juli hingga Oktober 2021 menunjukkan presentasi kedisiplinan rata-rata 89%. Berdasarkan pada data laporan absensi pada bulan Juli hingga Oktober 2021 menjelaskan bahwa produktivitas penggunaan waktu dilakukan oleh pegawai sangat efektif dan efisien.
Efektivitas Kerja Pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) Bidang Perencanaan Sosial Budaya Pada Kantor Bappeda dan Litbang Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan
Authors: Amane Ade Putra Ode , Tinggogoy Filo Leonardo 
Published: June 2024

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Kerja Pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) Bidang Perencanaan Sosial Budaya Pada Kantor Bappeda Dan Litbang Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan. Metode penelitian menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik Observasi, Angket, Studi Kepustakaan dan Dokumentasi. Teknik yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik dengan menggunakan rumus statistik (persentase) yang digunakan mendeskripsikan hasil penelitian. Perhitungan terhadap data diberikan skor berdasarkan jenis data yang dikumpulkan yaitu data kualitatif yang kemudian diubah menjadi kuantitatif. Setelah melakukan seleksi data kemudian memberikan bobot skor untuk setiap alternatif jawaban dalam pemberian skor dengan menggunakan Skala Likert. Kemudian menentukan variabel yang diukur berdasarkan indikator yang diteliti. Berdasarkan hasil sebaran kuesioner kepada responden bahwa Efektivitas Kerja Pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) Bidang Perencanaan Sosial Budaya Pada Kantor Bappeda Dan Litbang Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan berdasarkan skala penilaian tergolong baik dengan perolehan skor yang sama yaitu Efektivitas Kerja 76,78 % dan Perencanaan Sosial Budaya 76,78 %.
O currículo paulista (2020) como arquitetura ontológica
Authors: Ferreira Fernando Henrique , Silva Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da 
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a construção ontológica implícita no Currículo Paulista (2020) e suas intencionalidades. Partindo da concepção do currículo como campo de disputas que impactam a formação ontológica dos seres sociais, cabe questionar: qual concepção ontológica o Currículo Paulista (2020) se propõe a desenvolver? Para responder à questão, utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa com a análise documental, tomando o estudo crítico do discurso de Norman Fairclough, (2001) como ferramenta para compreensão dos documentos como materialização dos conflitos sociais, históricos e ideológicos. Desse modo, partiu-se da concepção de Michael Apple (2006) do currículo como campo de disputas ideológicas e de Paulo Freire (2019) com a ontologia do “ser mais” para compreender os impactos do discurso neoliberal na formação ontológica dos estudantes paulistas. Concluiu-se, portanto, que a ontologia desenvolvida ao longo do documento do Currículo Paulista (2020) é fortemente comprometida com a formação de seres sociais ajustados ao capital para o mercado, tendo a ideologia do “empreendedorismo” como elemento central para a formação ontológica dos estudantes como “empresários de si”. Assim, o documento curricular oficial opera como instrumento ideológico na formação, constituindo como uma “arquitetura ontológica”.
Relevância da gestão da manutenção de ativos em supermercados: estudo de caso em uma rede de grade porte
Authors: Nosvitz Alessandra Jaime , Romano Leonardo Nabaes , Santos César Gabriel dos 
Published: June 2024

O comércio alimentar configura-se como um segmento essencial para economia, representando 7,03% do PIB brasileiro. Particularidades presentes nesses estabelecimentos fazem com que as atividades de manutenção de ativos sejam fundamentais para oferecer aos clientes produtos de qualidade e desenvolver uma operação segura. Ainda assim, a pesquisa científica deste tema no setor supermercadista é restrita. Com isso em vista, foi proposto um estudo de caso buscando caracterização do processo de manutenção de ativos praticada por uma rede fundada em 1924 e, estruturada atualmente por uma matriz, diversas lojas de varejo, um atacarejo e um centro de distribuição. Os dados foram coletados através de observações in loco e possibilitaram o desenho do fluxo das atividades e o diagnóstico das práticas de gestão. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados à pesquisas estruturadas por outros autores e, foi proposto um plano de ação para a melhoria do processo estudado. Evidenciou-se uma metodologia baseada em metodologias e técnicas informais, com baixo nível de maturidade e possibilidades de melhoria. Não eram utilizados indicadores para medição do desempenho, a análise de falhas estava em fase inicial e não havia controle ou metas estipuladas para os custos. O setor era visto como aliado na estratégia pela gestão, entretanto, 75% das intervenções realizadas eram de teor corretivo. Além disso, aconteciam problemas recorrentes e, o controle de peças sobressalentes não era efetivo. Muitos dos problemas enfrentados estão de acordo com os identificados por outros pesquisadores, reforçando o grande espaço que existe para aprimoramento.
Third Stage Seed-Cotton Cleaning System Total Particulate Emission Factors and Rates for Cotton Gins: Method 17
Authors: Whitelock Derek , Buser Michael , Boykin Clif , Holt Gregory 
Published: June 2024

This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) total particulate emission factors. EPA AP-42 emission factors generally are assigned a rating, from A (excellent) to E (poor), to assess the quality of the data being referenced. Current EPA total particulate emission factor ratings for cotton gins are extremely low. Cotton gin data received these low ratings because the data were collected almost exclusively from a single geographical region. The objective of this study was to collect additional total particulate emission factor data for 3rd stage seed-cotton cleaning systems from cotton gins located in regions across the cotton belt using EPA-approved stack sampling methodology. The project plan included sampling seven cotton gins. Key factors for selecting specific cotton gins included: 1) facility location, 2) production capacity, 3) processing systems, and 4) abatement technologies. Two gins with 3rd stage seed-cotton cleaning system exhausts were sampled. The average production rate during testing for the two gins was 21.0 bales/h. The average 3rd stage seed-cotton cleaning system total particulate emission factor based on two tests (six total test runs) was 0.023 kg/227-kg bale (0.052 lb/500-lb bale). This average total particulate emission factor was less than that currently published in 1996 EPA AP-42, which was 0.043 kg/bale (0.095 lb/bale). The 3rd stage seed-cotton cleaning system test average emission rates ranged from 0.27 to 0.75 kg/h (0.59-1.66 lb/h).
A Preliminary Investigation of Physicochemical and Microbiological Parameters of Natural Springs Found in Linden, Guyana
Authors: Sills Noah , Craig Kimberly 
Published: June 2024

A spring is a feature of the hydrosphere where water moves from below the earth's surface to the surface. Spring water is an essential source of water for consumption, agricultural, and industrial needs. The distribution and actions of humans in a given place are determined by the availability of water. Our rising population is putting significant demands on the natural freshwater supply. The waters, however, are occasionally subjected to different types of contaminants, namely agricultural, industrial, and residential pollution. Investigating the water quality of springs is a crucial step in advocating their public use. The goal of this research is to investigate the microbiological and physicochemical quality characteristics of drinking water from springs. The research technique includes field sampling and laboratory testing of water quality parameters using standard procedures. A total of five natural springs are included in the research area. A total of ten samples were gathered from the five springs and each sample's physicochemical and microbiological characteristics were analyzed. Then, using international quality standards (WHO), the parameters were analyzed viz., pH, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, E. coli and Total Coliforms. The majority of the physicochemical characteristics examined are found to be within permissible limits. However, the pH of several samples is below the recommended standard. According to the results, a large percentage of the samples (80%) are severely contaminated by microbes, while one spring (20% of samples) poses no threat to consumers.
APLIKASI BIOHERBISIDA EKSTRAK SERASAH DAUN BAMBU (Dendrocalamus sasper) UNTUK MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN GULMA SEMBUNG RAMBAT (Mikania micrantha
Authors: Novitasari Padia , Jatsiyah Venti , Ratnawati Hermanto Sarwendah , Kurniawan Tardi 
Published: June 2024

Gulma sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha) merupakan gulma yang tumbuh di perkebunan kelapa sawit yang belum menghasilkan. Salah satu bahan baku yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan bioherbisida yaitu ekstrak serasah daun bambu (Dendrocalamus sasper L.) karena mengandung senyawa kumarin, flavonoid, antrakuinon, polisakarida, fenolik dan asam amino. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pemberian ekstrak serasah daun bambu dapat menghambat pertumbuhan gulma sembung rambat dan mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak serasah daun bambu yang efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan gulma sembung rambat. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial,yang terdiri dari 6 taraf perlakuan konsentrasi K0 = Kontrol, K1 = 5%, K2 = 10%, K3 = 15%, K4= 25% dan K5 = 35 dengan 5 kali ulangan sehingga diperoleh 30 satuan percobaan dimana setiap sampel unit percobaan terdiri dari 3 sampel sehingga total jumlah keseluruhannya 90 sampel gulma terhadap pertumbuhan gulma sembung rambat dengan parameter pengamatan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, hari kematian, berat basah, bering kering dan panjang akar. Hasil sidik ragam bahwa aplikasi ekstrak serasah daun bambu memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, hari kematian, berat basah, berat kering dan panjang akar. Konsentrasi ekstrak serasah daun bambu yang efektif menghambat pertumbuhan gulma sembung rambat adalah konsentrasi ekstrak serasah daun bambu 25%.
Synthesis and anti-psoriatic activity of a mycophenolic acid-curcumin conjugate as a mutual prodrug
Authors:   , Yuyun Yonelian 
Published: June 2024

Due to its several mechanisms of action, curcumin (CUR) has been employed as adjuvant therapy in treating psoriasis. Limited oral bioavailability was the problem for the development of CUR for therapeutic purposes. Therefore, many approaches, including the prodrug strategy, have been devised to address Cur's drawbacks. CUR was conjugated with mycophenolic acid (MPA) as a new prodrug in this research. Characterization of MPA-CUR structure was done by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and MS. MPA-CUR showed water solubility at 0.73 μM and log P at 2.33, respectively. MPA-CUR was found more stable in buffer solutions than CUR and MPA. In vitro anti-psoriatic of MPA-CUR, namely antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using TNF-alpha-induced HaCaT cells. The antiproliferation effect of direct treatment of MPA-CUR was lower than the parent drug. Therefore, the bioavailable fractions (BFs) of CUR, MPA, and MPA-CUR were used for further biological activity evaluation. Each BF was collected after CUR, MPA, and MPA-CUR across Caco-2 cells as an in vitro cellular transport model for oral administration. BF of MPA-CUR presented a better antiproliferation effect than CUR (p< 0.001). In the anti-inflammation assay, BF of MPA-CUR was also showed a reduction of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β. An inhibited signaling cascade of MAPKs proteins, such as p38, ERK, and JNK, was the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of MPA-CUR. Our findings support the MPA-CUR conjugation as a promising antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent for psoriasis treatment.
Effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength between lithium disilicate glass-ceramic and resin cement
Authors:   , Simasetha Siripan 
Published: June 2024

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic and resin cement using different surface treatments. Methods: Lithium disilicate blocks (Vintage LD Press ®) were prepared, etched with 4.5 % hydrofluoric acid, and randomly divided into seven groups (n=10), depending on the surface treatments:
1) no surface treatment (control), 2) Silane Primer (KS), 3) Signum® Ceramic Bond I (SGI),
4) Signum® Ceramic Bond II (SGI/SGII), 5) experimental silane (EXP), 6) experimental-silane/Signum® Ceramic Bond II (EXP/SGII), and 7) Experimental/Adper™ Scotchbond Multi-purpose Adhesive (EXP/ADP). The specimens were cemented to resin composite blocks with resin cement and stored in water at 37°C for 24 hours. The specimens underwent 5,000 thermal cycles and were subjected to the SBS test. Data were analyzed with Welch ANOVA and Games-Howell post-hoc tests (α=0.05). Mode of failure was evaluated under the Stereo Microscope. Results: The highest mean SBS showed in group EXP/ADP (45.49±3.37 MPa), however this was not significantly different from group EXP/SGII (41.38±2.17 MPa) (p≥0.05). The lowest SBS was shown in the control group (18.36±0.69 MPa). This was not significantly different from group KS (20.17±1.10 MPa) (p≥0.05). Conclusion: The different surface treatments significantly affected the SBS value between lithium disilicate and resin cement. The application of pure silane coupling agent with or without the application of an adhesive improved the shear bond strength value and bond quality.
Synthesis and evaluation of hepatoprotective effects of a tetrahydrocurcumin-diglutaric acid prodrug
Authors:   , Jongjitphisut Nattapong 
Published: June 2024

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a significant public health problem worldwide. Numerous natural molecules, including curcumin, have been extensively studied as potential treatment agents for ALD. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), the reductive metabolite of curcumin, was previously reported to exert the potent antioxidant activity against chemical-induced oxidative stress suggesting the potential of THC to be used as a protective agent for ALD. However, THC has poor water solubility limiting its pharmacological activity. In the present study, tetrahydrocurcumin-diglutaric acid (TDG) was synthesized. The solubility of TDG at pH 6.8 was higher than THC approximately 20 times with a logP value of 3.03. TDG was stable in acidic solution, but it was not stable in basic conditions and plasma. TDG was completely degraded within 4 h in plasma with a rate constant of 0.758 h-1 and half-life 0.9 h. The protective effect of THC and TDG against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated by using the HepG2 cell line as an in vitro model. The results show that the pre-treated cells with TDG exhibited a more effective protective effect than THC by reducing ROS levels and restoring the antioxidant system. Moreover, THC and TDG can suppress the apoptosis pathway via modulating the activation of caspases. These results indicated that TDG could be a potential therapeutic agent for ALD with a higher protective effect than THC.
การนำระบบดูแลผู้ป่วยที่มีภาวะพิษเหตุติดเชื้อของโรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดีมาใช้เพื่อพัฒนา
ผลลัพธ์ในผู้ป่วยที่มีภาวะพิษเหตุติดเชื้อ
Authors:   , ท่ามตระกูล ปวัสดา 
Published: June 2024

การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อเปรียบเทียบระยะเวลาที่ผู้ป่วยได้รับยาต้านจุลชีพแบบคาดการณ์ครั้งแรกก่อนและหลังการเริ่มใช้ระบบดูแลผู้ป่วยที่มีภาวะพิษเหตุติดเชื้อของโรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี (Ramathibodi Sepsis System : RSS) รวมไปถึงเพื่อศึกษาระยะเวลาในการได้รับยาต้านจุลชีพที่เหมาะสมกับผลเพาะเชื้ออัตราการเสียชีวิตในโรงพยาบาล อัตราการเสียชีวิตใน 28 วัน และระยะเวลาในการนอนโรงพยาบาล

วิธีวิจัย : เป็นการวิจัยกึ่งทดลอง (Quasi-Experimental study) เปรียบเทียบช่วงก่อนและหลังการใช้ระบบ RSS ศึกษาในผู้ป่วยที่มีภาวะพิษเหตุติดเชื้อที่อายุมากกว่า 18 ปีและเข้ารับการรักษาในโรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี ระหว่างวันที่ 29 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2564 – 30 เมษายน พ.ศ. 2565 ระบบ RSS เป็นการพัฒนาระบบที่จัดให้มีการทำงานร่วมกันของสหสาขาวิชาชีพประกอบด้วย แพทย์ เภสัชกร และพยาบาล พัฒนาการให้บริการแบบองค์รวมเพื่อการดูแลผู้ป่วยที่มีภาวะพิษเหตุติดเชื้อ โดยประกอบด้วย (1) การกำหนดแนวทางการวินิจฉัยผู้ป่วยที่มีภาวะพิษเหตุติดเชื้อที่เป็นรูปแบบมาตรฐาน เป็นระบบ รวดเร็ว และมีการระบุเวลาวินิจฉัยที่ชัดเจน (2) มีการกำหนดรายการยาต้านจุลชีพเพื่อบรรจุในเครื่องจ่ายยาอัตโนมัติซึ่งจัดตั้งอยู่ ณ บริเวณหอผู้ป่วย เพื่อให้ขั้นตอนการตรวจสอบคำสั่งใช้ยา การจ่ายยา รวดเร็ว (3) การติดตามตรวจสอบผลความไวของเชื้อต่อยาต้านจุลชีพที่ผู้ป่วยได้รับเพื่อให้ผู้ป่วยได้รับยาต้านจุลชีพที่เหมาะสมกับเชื้อก่อโรค

ผลการวิจัย : ผู้ป่วยที่ผ่านเกณฑ์คัดเลือกเข้าร่วมการศึกษาจำนวน 137 คนแบ่งผู้ป่วยออกเป็น 2 กลุ่ม คือ กลุ่มก่อนใช้ระบบ RSS 50 คน (กลุ่มควบคุม) และกลุ่มหลังใช้ระบบ RSS 87 คน (กลุ่มศึกษา) พบว่ากลุ่มศึกษามีระยะเวลาในการบริหารยาต้านจุลชีพแบบคาดการณ์ครั้งแรกของผู้ป่วยเร็วกว่ากลุ่มควบคุมอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ: 42 นาที (ค่าพิสัยระหว่างควอไทล์ 21.5, 57.5) เทียบกับ 76 นาที (ค่าพิสัยระหว่างควอไทล์ 35.0, 319.8; p < 0.001) และมีระยะเวลาในการบริหารยาต้านจุลชีพที่เหมาะสมตามผลเพาะเชื้อที่เร็วกว่ากลุ่มควบคุมอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ: 48 ชั่วโมง (ค่าพิสัยระหว่างควอไทล์ 0.9, 84.0) เทียบกับ 96 ชั่วโมง (ค่าพิสัยระหว่างควอไทล์ 54.0,312.0 p = 0.009) นอกจากนั้นยังพบอัตราการเสียชีวิตในโรงพยาบาล เสียชีวิตใน 28 วัน และระยะเวลาในการนอนรักษาตัวในโรงพยาบาลลดลง ในกลุ่มศึกษาเมื่อเทียบกับกลุ่มควบคุมแต่ไม่มีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .05

สรุป : การใช้ระบบ RSS มาใช้ในการดูแลผู้ป่วยที่มีภาวะพิษเหตุติดเชื้อ ช่วยลดระยะเวลาในการบริหารยาต้านจุลชีพแบบคาดการณ์ครั้งแรก ลดระยะเวลาในการบริหารยาต้านจุลชีพที่เหมาะสมตามผลเพาะเชื้อ และ มีแนวโน้มส่งผลลดอัตราการเสียชีวิต
Development of plant-produced bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting PD-L1 and CTLA-4 for cancer immunotherapy
Authors:   , Bulaon Christine 
Published: June 2024

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has transformed the course of cancer treatments. The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific against immune checkpoints has displayed satisfactory clinical benefits. However,its effectiveness is limited to just a small percentage of cancer patients. In this work, a recombinant DVD-AT2C bispecific antibody (bsAb) was developed for dual inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 axes and produced in plants. Plant system was utilized as an alternative protein production platform. Transient expression of DVD-AT2C targeting PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in Nicotiana benthamiana was determined highest after 4 days of infiltration. The size, assembly, and protein properties of the purified bsAb were determined, and its function was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The molecular structures of plant-produced DVD AT2C are as expected, and it was mostly present as monomer. Expression of bsAb in wildtype plants produced high mannose-type and some complex N-glycans. The plant-produced DVD-AT2C showed in vitro binding to PD-L1 and CTLA-4 proteins. The antitumor activity of plant-produced bsAb was tested in vivo colon tumor and compared to plant-produced Atezolizumab and 2C8. Plant-produced DVD-AT2C significantly inhibited tumor growth by reducing tumor volume and weight. The antitumor effects, however, were not superior to monospecific parent 2C8. Body weight changes indicated that plant-produced bsAb was safe and tolerable. Overall, this proof-of-concept study demonstrated the viability of plants to produce functional plant-produced bsAb for cancer immunotherapy.