bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution of bottom sediment deposits in water reservoirs at Zesławice
Authors: Michalec Bogusław , Pęczek Karol , Strutyński Mateusz 
Published: October 2009

Spatial distribution of bottom sediment deposits in water reservoirs at Zesławice
Spatial distributions of bottom sediment deposits in two small water reservoirs located on the River Dłubnia at Zesławice is presented in this paper. The distribution was elaborated according to Dendy's method on the basis of results of silting measurements performed in the 2005. Horizontal and vertical distribution of sediment deposits was shown as relation between the relative volume of deposited sediments (Sh/S) and relative storage capacity of the reservoir (Vh/V); the vertical distribution of sediment deposits was presented as relation between the relative volume of deposited sediments (Sv/S) and relative reservoir depth (D/Dm). On the basis of performed analysis of horizontal distributions of sediment deposits it was stated that in the main reservoir at Zesławice 58% of the sediment trapped in the reservoir was accumulated in the inflow (upstream part of the reservoir, whose relative volume is 0.25). In the inflow section of the assistant reservoir of relative storage capacity equal 0.22 only 29% of the sediment was deposited. Comparing curves of horizontal sediment deposits distribution in the main reservoir in its inflow part according to measurement data from the 2005 and 1986 i.e. from a comparable period of operation before desilting and building of an assistant reservoir it was stated that relative volumes of sediment trapped after desilting are over 40% higher than before desilting. In a comparable period of operation before desilting (measurement in the 1983) and after desilting (measurements in the 2005) i.e. after seventeen and sixteen years respectively in the main reservoir the accumulated sediments formed an isle - the value Sv/S equaling 0.09 for D/Dm equal 0 in consequence of a change of hydraulic conditions of water and sediment flow - due to a part of inflowing water of the River Dłubnia being directed to the assistant reservoir.
Utilization of geoinformation tools for the development of forest fire hazard mapping system: example of Pekan fire, Malaysia
Authors: Mahmud Ahmad , Setiawan Iwan , Mansor Shattri , Shariff Abdul , Pradhan Biswajeet , Nuruddin Ahmed 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
A study in modeling fire hazard assessment will be essential in establishing an effective forest fire management system especially in controlling and preventing peat fire. In this paper, we have used geographic information system (GIS), in combination with other geoinformation technologies such as remote sensing and computer modeling, for all aspects of wild land fire management. Identifying areas that have a high probability of burning is an important component of fire management planning. The development of spatially explicit GIS models has greatly facilitated this process by allowing managers to map and analyze variables contributing to fire occurrence across large, unique geographic units. Using the model and its associated software engine, the fire hazard map was produced. Extensive avenue programming scripts were written to provide additional capabilities in the development of these interfaces to meet the full complement of operational software considering various users requirements. The system developed not only possesses user friendly step by step operations to deliver the fire vulnerability mapping but also allows authorized users to edit, add or modify parameters whenever necessary. Results from the model can support fire hazard mapping in the forest and enhance alert system function by simulating and visualizing forest fire and helps for contingency planning.
Mineralogy and technical properties of clayey diatomites from north and central Greece
Authors: Ilia Ioanna , Stamatakis Michael , Perraki Theodora 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Two bulk samples of clayey diatomite of Upper Miocene age originated from Western Macedonia, northern Greece and Thessaly central Greece were examined for their efficiency to be used as industrial absorbents. The samples were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction, Thermo-Gravimetric and Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and ICP-MS analytical methods. The absorption capability of the clayey samples in oil and water were also examined. The mineralogy of both samples is predominated by the presence of clay minerals and amorphous silica. The clay minerals prevailed in the Klidi (KL) bulk sample, with muscovite being the dominant phase, and kaolinite and chlorite occurring in minor amounts. In the Drimos (DR) bulk sample, vermiculite was the predominant clay phase. Smectite was not found in either sample, whereas detrital quartz and feldspars were present in significant amounts. The amorphous silica phase (opal-A) occurs mainly with the form of disck-shaped diatom frustules. The chemistry of the samples is characterized by the predominance of silica, alumina, and iron, whereas all the other major and the trace elements are in low concentrations. Both clayey diatomite rocks exhibited sufficiently good oil and water absorption capacity, ranging between 70 to 79% in the clay-rich sample KL and 64 to 70% in the opal-A-rich sample DR. Comparing the properties of the rocks studied with other commercial absorbents, it is concluded that they may find applications as absorbents in industrial uses.
Interactions between fish resources and Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo in the Grado and Marano lagoon (NE Italy)
Authors: Cosolo Mauro , Utmar Paolo , Roppa Flavio , Sponza Stefano 
Published: October 2009

Interactions between fish resources and CormorantsPhalacrocorax carboin the Grado and Marano lagoon (NE Italy)The aim of this study was to determine the importance of different environments for CormorantPhalacrocorax carbobiology in the Grado and Marano lagoon (Friuli Venezia Giulia, NE Italy, Upper Adriatic Sea), and to estimate the levels of fish removal within such areas. Data were collected on Cormorant abundance and the amount of fish consumed in two fishing valli (Valle Noghera and Valle Artalina) and in three tidal areas (Goppion, Cavanata sea, Grado and Marano lagoon). The number of Cormorants per 100 ha was relatively low in all the study areas. The highest density of feeding cormorants in November (24 birds/100 ha) was in Valle Noghera. The latter is ascribed to an isolated event of 50 birds in social fishing activity. During the rest of the November survey time (72% of the total), lower densities were noted (2.5 birds/100 ha). Fish consumption was also relatively low. In Valle Artalina the maximum was 6.8 kg/100 ha in December. The highest fish consumption was estimated in Valle Noghera in November (41.9 kg/100 ha) and in the Grado and Marano lagoon in January (7.6 kg/100 ha). In fish farms, the highest fish consumption is recorded in November and December, exclusively within wintering basins and canals. So these areas should be covered with wire nets. Furthermore, considering the high variability and irregularity of fish removal, the use of active deterring methods (e.g. gas cannons) can give good results, especially if applied during social fishing events.
Magnetohydrodynamics applied to materials processing
Authors: Fautrelle Yves , Ernst Roland , Moreau René 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In the processing of liquid materials various operations are performed, e. g., alloying, homogenisation of the composition, refining or inclusion removal. As was realised early on by Charles Crussard, electromagnetic effects can be used to process electrically conducting materials without any contact. When alternating magnetic fields are used, the material is directly heated and melted thanks to the induced electric currents. The induced electromagnetic forces are capable of shaping the free surface, levitating a liquid blob and stirring the liquid bulk or its surface. The latter principle may be applied to electrically conducting liquids such as metallic alloys, but also to poorly conducting materials such as oxides, glasses or plasmas. Those effects are used in many processes such as induction furnaces for liquid metals or glasses, refining ladles, electromagnetic levitation, continuous casting of aluminium or steel. In this paper, typical effects based on the use of electromagnetic systems are reviewed, as well as the corresponding applications.
Charles Crussard's contribution to sheet metal forming and participation in IDDRG
Authors: Col Alain , Grumbach Marc 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This paper describes the contribution of Charles Crussard to sheet metal forming science. After recalling the state of this technique in the 1940s, when Crussard started his studies, we explain how the International Deep Drawing Research Group was launched, how he became the second president of this organisation and how much he influenced it.
Some examples of his contributions to research are given, and finally a brief review of later progress in this domain will point out the development of some of his ideas.
Glide of dislocations in non-octahedral planes of fcc metals: a review
Authors: Caillard Daniel , Martin Jean-Luc 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In spite of frequent observations, and of some important consequences for industrial applications, the glide motion of dislocations in non-octahedral planes of fcc metals and alloys remains rather poorly known, and not sufficiently considered for the analysis of mechanical properties. Following the pioneering work of C. Crussard in 1945, the results of several independent studies are compared and shown to be fairly consistent. They indicate that non-octahedral slip occurs under fairly well known conditions, and that it can be described by a kink-pair mechanism acting on screw dislocations dissociated in intersecting {111} planes. It has a drastic effect on the intermediate-temperature mechanical properties of fcc crystals and aluminum-based alloys, as well as on texture formation under conditions of severe plastic deformation.
The deformation stage II of face-centered cubic crystals: Fifty years of investigations
Authors: Kubin Ladislas , Devincre Benoit , Hoc Thierry 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This article critically reviews progress in the understanding of strain hardening during the deformation stage II of pure face-centered cubic crystals since its discovery in the mid-1950s. A wealth of models attempted explaining why stage II exhibits a linear slope on the base of specific dislocation configurations and interactions associated with short- or long-range internal stresses. Slip trace observations and more recent investigations on dislocation avalanches led to the identification of intermittent elementary slip events that are now investigated in terms of dislocation mechanisms. Numerical estimates showed that the overcoming of junctions and locks accounts for most of the flow stress and the hardening rate, as assumed by the present forest models. A multiscale analysis of stage II is outlined with emphasis on the modeling of dislocation mean free paths by dislocation dynamics simulations.
Application of cluster dynamics modeling to the precipitation in aluminum alloys
Authors: Guyot P. , Lepinoux J. , Sigli C. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The cluster dynamics method is used to model at the atomic scale the kinetics of first order phase transformations. Clusters are embryos of the growing phase. Their formation kinetics from the solid solution are obtained by solving a set of master differential equations. This set is the continuity equation of the cluster size distribution function and is based on inter-cluster solute exchanges. These exchanges, absorption and emission of solute atoms, are controlled by the solute diffusivities and the cluster free energies. The model is applied here to the precipitation of Al3(Zr, Sc) dispersoids with the L12 structure in Al–rich Zr–Sc solid solutions. Several characteristic features are obtained and discussed: 1) In the ternary alloy, the fast (Sc) diffusing species always controls the nucleation, in contrast to classical thermodynamical descriptions. 2) A Zr–Sc thermodynamic coupling induces heterogeneous nucleation on Zr atoms. 3) A segregation on the dispersoids outer shell of the slow diffusing solute (Zr) occurs during the coarsening stage, slowing down their coarsening rate. Finally, some extensions and prospects of the method are considered.
On the effect of pre-recovery on subsequent recrystallization
Authors: Bréchet Yves J. M. , Zurob Hatem S. , Hutchinson Christopher R. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The effect of low temperature recovery treatments on recrystallization kinetics during subsequent annealing was examined using a simple physically-based model. The results suggest that recovery may accelerate recrystallization in high stacking fault energy materials. Otherwise, recovery is expected to retard recrystallization by reducing the driving force for the nucleation and growth of recrystallized grains. These calculations help reconcile a number of apparently conflicting reports on the effect of recovery on recrystallization.
Plasticity of nanocrystalline materials: a critical viewpoint
Authors: Saada Georges , Dirras Guy 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The present work attempts to pinpoint scaling constraints associated with plastic deformation of nanograined polycrsytals in relation to the analysis of the available data on their mechanical properties. In doing so, it is shown in particular that the systematic transfer to nanograined polycrystal metals of concepts applied with success to coarse-grained polycrystals counterpart has no solid basis. To uncover the physics of plastic flow in bulk nanograined polycrystal metals, simple arguments and recommendations are presented and discussed.
Thermoelectric power applied to metallurgy: principle and recent applications
Authors: Perez M. , Massardier V. , Kleber X. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Thermoelectric power is the magnitude of an induced thermoelectric voltage in response to a temperature difference across a material. The thermoelectric power of metal alloys is strongly influenced by the presence of solute atoms. Measuring thermoelectric power is therefore an accurate technique for characterizing the microstructure evolution of alloys taking place during various phase transformations. The potentialities of this technique are illustrated through four examples: (i) the measurement of copper solubility limit in iron; (ii) the characterization of the strain ageing kinetics of extra-mild steels; (iii) the determination of precipitation kinetics of MoC in low alloyed steels; and (iv) the monitoring of ageing of neutron irradiated power plant steels.
Infections related to intrathecal baclofen therapy in children and adults: frequency and risk factors
Authors: Fjelstad Anne-Berit , Hommelstad Jorunn , Sorteberg Angelika 
Published: October 2009

Object
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of infection and to identify risk factors for infection in connection with the implantation of an intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pump.

Methods
This retrospective study included all pediatric and adult patients who received ITB at Rikshospitalet during the years 1999–2005. A database was created that included the following variables: patient age, sex, weight, diagnosis, surgical procedure performed, presence of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube, urinary as well as fecal incontinence, anesthetist's classification of patient status (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade), timing of antibiotics administration, surgeon, assisting nurse, and surgical procedure time. Moreover, the mode of intrathecal screening trial (transcutaneous vs subcutaneous catheter insertion) and any complications were registered. The authors differentiated between deep and superficial infection, and they registered the causative agent.

Results
A total of 163 patients received ITB; of these, 91 were pediatric patients (median age 10 years), and 72 were adults (median age 44 years). A total of 408 surgical procedures were performed. No infections occurred in direct relation to the screening trials. When a pump was implanted subsequent to a screening trial with transcutaneous catheter insertion, the rate of infection was 9% in the pediatric patients. The corresponding infection rate for pumps implanted after a screening trial with a subcutaneous distal catheter (Albright method) was 12%. This difference was not significant. There was a significantly higher incidence of deep infections following pump implantation in the pediatric group (p = 0.028) than in the adult group. The presence of a PEG tube increased the incidence of infection (p = 0.008) and may be one of the main reasons for a higher frequency of infections in children. When the patient suffered urinary and/or fecal incontinence, there was a higher chance of infection (p = 0.021). The surgical time was significantly longer in the pediatric group than in adults; however, the length of the surgical procedure had no impact on the occurrence of infection. The most common causative agent was Staphylococcus aureus; this microbe was responsible for 69% of deep infections. Also, 69% of deep infections occurred within 1 month after surgery.

Conclusions
The rate of infection is significantly higher in children undergoing ITB pump implantation than it is in adults. Screening trials applying the Albright method fail to reduce the frequency of infection subsequent to pump implantation. The presence of a PEG tube has the greatest significance as a predictor of infection.
Management of pediatric brainstem cavernous malformations: experience over 20 years at the Hospital for Sick Children
Authors: Bhardwaj Ratan D. , Auguste Kurtis I. , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Dirks Peter B. , Drake James M. , Rutka James T. 
Published: October 2009

Object
Because of their location and biological behavior, brainstem cavernous malformations (CMs) pose a formidable clinical challenge to the neurosurgeon. The optimal management of these lesions requires considerable neurosurgical judgment. Accordingly, the authors reviewed their experience with the management of pediatric brainstem CMs at the Hospital for Sick Children.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients who had received diagnoses of a brainstem CM at the Hospital for Sick Children over the past 20 years.

Results
Twenty patients were diagnosed with brainstem CMs. The mean age at diagnosis was 10.1 ± 5.4 years, and the patients included 13 boys and 7 girls. The mean maximal diameter of the CM was 14.3 ± 11.2 mm. The lesions were evenly distributed on the right and left sides of the brainstem with 4 midbrain, 13 pontine, and 3 medullary lesions. Seven patients underwent surgery for the management of their CMs, with a mean age at presentation of 5.2 years, and a mean CM size of 21.0 mm. Of note from the surgical group, 2 patients had a family history of CMs, 2 lesions were medullary, the CM reached a pial surface in 6 of 7 patients, and 6 of 7 lesions were located on the right side. The mean age at presentation among the 13 patients in the nonsurgical group was 12.7 years, and the mean CM size was 10.6 mm. Seven of these patients had a prior history of radiation for tumor, and only 3 had lesions that reached a pial surface.

Conclusions
The management of brainstem CMs in children is influenced by multiple factors. The majority of patients received conservative management and tended to be asymptomatic with smaller lesions. Patients with larger lesions and direct pial contact, in whom symptoms arose at a younger age were more likely to undergo surgical management. A history of familial CM was also a predictor for receiving surgical treatment. No patients with a prior history of radiation therapy underwent surgery for CMs. The presence of multiple lesions seemed to have no impact on the type of management chosen. Patients who underwent surgery did suffer morbidity related to the procedure, and tended to improve clinically over time. Conservative management was associated with new deficits arising in children, some of which improved with time. Consideration of many clinical and radiological parameters is thus prudent when managing the care of children with brainstem CMs.
The diploic venous system: surgical anatomy and neurosurgical implications
Authors: García-González Ulises , Cavalcanti Daniel D. , Agrawal Abhishek , Gonzalez L. Fernando , Wallace Robert C. , Spetzler Robert F. , Preul Mark C. 
Published: October 2009

Object
There are few systematic investigations of the dissected surgical anatomy of the diploic venous system (DVS) in the neuroanatomical literature. The authors describe the DVS relative to different common neurosurgical approaches. Knowledge of this system can help avoid potential sources of unacceptable bleeding and may impact healing of the cranium.

Methods
Using a high-speed drill with a 2-mm bit, the authors removed the outer layer of the compact bone in the skull to expose the DVS in 12 formalin-fixed cadaver heads. Pterional, supraorbital, and modified orbitozygomatic craniotomies were performed to delineate the relationship of the DVS.

Results
The draining point of the frontal diploic vein (FDV) was located near the supraorbital notch. The draining point of the anterior temporal diploic vein (ATDV) was located in all pterional areas; the draining point of the posterior temporal diploic vein (PTDV) was located in all asterional areas. The PTDV was the dominant diploic vessel in all sides. The FDV and ATDV could be damaged during supraorbital, modified orbitozygomatic, and pterional craniotomies. The anterior DVS connected with the sphenoparietal and superior sagittal sinus (SSS). The posterior DVS connected with the transverse and sigmoid sinuses and was the dominant diploic vessel in all 24 sides. Of all the major diploic vessels, the location and pattern of distribution of the FDV were the most constant. The parietal bone contained the most diploic vessels. No diploic veins were found in the area delimited by the temporal squama.

Conclusions
The pterional, orbitozygomatic, and supraorbital approaches place the FDV and ATDV at risk. The major anterior diploic system connects the SSS with the sphenoparietal sinus. The posterior diploic system connects the SSS with the transverse and sigmoid sinuses.