bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local grafting heterogeneities control water intrusion and extrusion in nanopores
Authors: Cambiaso Sonia , Rasera Fabio , Tinti Antonio , Bochicchio Davide , Grosu Yaroslav , Rossi Giulia , Giacomello Alberto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydrophobic nanoporous materials can only be intruded by water forcibly, typically increasing pressure. For some materials, water extrudes when the pressure is lowered again. Controlling intrusion/extrusion hysteresis is central in technological applications, including energy materials, high performance liquid chromatography, and liquid porosimetry, but its molecular determinants are still elusive. Here, we consider water intrusion/extrusion in mesoporous materials grafted with hydrophobic chains, showing that intrusion/extrusion is ruled by microscopic heterogeneities in the grafting. For example, intrusion/extrusion pressures can vary more than 60 MPa depending on the chain length and grafting density. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations reveal that local changes in radius and contact angle produced by grafting heterogeneities can pin the water interface during intrusion or facilitate vapor bubble nucleation in extrusion. These microscopic insights can directly impact the design of energy materials and chromatography columns, as well as the interpretation of porosimetry results.
Ice-free period too long for Southern and Western Hudson Bay polar bear populations if global warming exceeds 1.6 to 2.6 °C
Authors: Stroeve Julienne , Crawford Alex , Ferguson Steve , Stirling Ian , Archer Louise , York Geoffrey , Babb David , Mallett Robbie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHudson Bay has warmed over 1 °C in the last 30 years. Coincident with this warming, seasonal patterns have shifted, with the spring sea ice melting earlier and the fall freeze-up occurring later, leading to a month longer of ice-free conditions. This extended ice-free period presents a significant challenge for polar bears, as it restricts their hunting opportunities for seals and their ability to accumulate the necessary body weight for successful reproduction. Drawing on the latest insights from CMIP6, our updated projections of the ice-free period indicate a more spatially detailed and alarming outlook for polar bear survival. Limiting global warming to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels may prevent the ice-free period from exceeding 183 days in both western and southern Hudson Bay, providing some optimism for adult polar bear survival. However, with longer ice-free periods already substantially impacting recruitment, extirpation for polar bears in this region may already be inevitable.
Principal component-based clinical aging clocks identify signatures of healthy aging and targets for clinical intervention
Authors: Fong Sheng , Pabis Kamil , Latumalea Djakim , Dugersuren Nomuundari , Unfried Maximilian , Tolwinski Nicholas , Kennedy Brian , Gruber Jan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClocks that measure biological age should predict all-cause mortality and give rise to actionable insights to promote healthy aging. Here we applied dimensionality reduction by principal component analysis to clinical data to generate a clinical aging clock (PCAge) identifying signatures (principal components) separating healthy and unhealthy aging trajectories. We found signatures of metabolic dysregulation, cardiac and renal dysfunction and inflammation that predict unsuccessful aging, and we demonstrate that these processes can be impacted using well-established drug interventions. Furthermore, we generated a streamlined aging clock (LinAge), based directly on PCAge, which maintains equivalent predictive power but relies on substantially fewer features. Finally, we demonstrate that our approach can be tailored to individual datasets, by re-training a custom clinical clock (CALinAge), for use in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study of caloric restriction. Our analysis of CALERIE participants suggests that 2 years of mild caloric restriction significantly reduces biological age. Altogether, we demonstrate that this dimensionality reduction approach, through integrating different biological markers, can provide targets for preventative medicine and the promotion of healthy aging.
A high-performance deep reservoir computer experimentally demonstrated with ion-gating reservoirs
Authors: Nishioka Daiki , Tsuchiya Takashi , Imura Masataka , Koide Yasuo , Higuchi Tohru , Terabe Kazuya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile physical reservoir computing is a promising way to achieve low power consumption neuromorphic computing, its computational performance is still insufficient at a practical level. One promising approach to improving its performance is deep reservoir computing, in which the component reservoirs are multi-layered. However, all of the deep-reservoir schemes reported so far have been effective only for simulation reservoirs and limited physical reservoirs, and there have been no reports of nanodevice implementations. Here, as an ionics-based neuromorphic nanodevice implementation of deep-reservoir computing, we report a demonstration of deep physical reservoir computing with maximum of four layers using an ion gating reservoir, which is a small and high-performance physical reservoir. While the previously reported deep-reservoir scheme did not improve the performance of the ion gating reservoir, our deep-ion gating reservoir achieved a normalized mean squared error of 9.08 × 10−3 on a second-order nonlinear autoregressive moving average task, which is the best performance of any physical reservoir so far reported in this task. More importantly, the device outperformed full simulation reservoir computing. The dramatic performance improvement of the ion gating reservoir with our deep-reservoir computing architecture paves the way for high-performance, large-scale, physical neural network devices.
Two single arm trials of AKL-T01, a digital therapeutic for adolescents and adults with ADHD
Authors: Stamatis Caitlin A. , Farlow Deborah N. , Mercaldi Catherine , Suh Minny , Maple Amanda , Savarese Antonia , Childress Ann , Melmed Raun D. , Kollins Scott H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInattention symptoms represent a key driver of functional impairment in ADHD and often persist into adolescence and adulthood, underscoring a need for novel treatments targeting attentional control. We evaluated AKL-T01—a digital therapeutic that is FDA-cleared for children 8–12 y with ADHD—in adolescents and adults with ADHD in two independent single-arm trials: STARS-ADHD-Adolescent, a 4-week trial in adolescents 13–17 y (n = 162 enrolled), and STARS-ADHD-Adult, a 6-week trial in adults 18 and older (n = 221 enrolled). AKL-T01 was linked with improvements on the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA®) Attention Comparison Score (ACS) of 2.6 (95% CI: 2.02, 3.26; p < 0.0001) in adolescents and 6.5 in adults (95% CI: 5.35, 7.57; p < 0.0001), along with improvements in secondary endpoints. 15 participants reported adverse device effects, all mild or moderate. Though limited by a single-arm design, results provide preliminary support for the safety and efficacy of AKL-T01 for adolescents and adults with ADHD.
The kinesin-3 KIF1C undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation for accumulation of specific transcripts at the cell periphery
Authors: Geng Qi , Keya Jakia Jannat , Hotta Takashi , Verhey Kristen J 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn cells, mRNAs are transported to and positioned at subcellular areas to locally regulate protein production. Recent studies have identified the kinesin-3 family member motor protein KIF1C as an RNA transporter. However, it is not clear how KIF1C interacts with RNA molecules. Here, we show that the KIF1C C-terminal tail domain contains an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) that drives liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). KIF1C forms dynamic puncta in cells that display physical properties of liquid condensates and incorporate RNA molecules in a sequence-selective manner. Endogenous KIF1C forms condensates in cellular protrusions, where mRNAs are enriched in an IDR-dependent manner. Purified KIF1C tail constructs undergo LLPS in vitro at near-endogenous nM concentrations and in the absence of crowding agents and can directly recruit RNA molecules. Overall, our work uncovers an intrinsic correlation between the LLPS activity of KIF1C and its role in mRNA positioning. In addition, the LLPS activity of KIF1C’s tail represents a new mode of motor-cargo interaction that extends our current understanding of cytoskeletal motor proteins.
The association between irregularity in sleep-wake rhythm and CPAP adherence
Authors: Honma Aya , Nohara Marina , Honma Sato , Homma Akihiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the association between sleep-wake rhythm regularity and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) adherence. We retrospectively analyzed sleep-wake rhythms with activity monitoring and CPAP adherence among obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients newly diagnosed and introduced to CPAP therapy at the Sapporo Hanazono Hospital from January 2018 to June 2022. Among a total of 45 patients, 10 withdrew from CPAP therapy within a year. Nineteen were classified into the good-adherence and 16 into the poor-adherence group. No significant differences were detected among the groups in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), sleep efficiency, or subjective sleep quality, but a difference was observed in sleep latency, with the CPAP withdrawal group showing higher variability in sleep onset and lower regularity and/or amplitude in circadian behavior activity rhythm than the good-adherence group. Our results suggest that irregularities, particularly in sleep onset, and damped sleep-wake rhythm can be risk factors for CPAP withdrawal.
A Polynesian-specific SLC22A3 variant associates with low plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations independent of apo(a) isoform size in males
Authors: Wang Qian , McCormick Sally , Leask Megan P. , Watson Huti , O'Sullivan Conor , Krebs Jeremy D. , Hall Rosemary , Whitfield Patricia , Merry Troy L. , Murphy Rinki , Shepherd Peter R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle in which the apolipoprotein B component is covalently linked to apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)). Lp(a) is a well-established independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Plasma Lp(a) concentrations vary enormously between individuals and ethnic groups. Several nucleotide polymorphisms in the SLC22A3 gene associate with Lp(a) concentration in people of different ethnicities. We investigated the association of a Polynesian-specific (Māori and Pacific peoples) SLC22A3 gene coding variant p.Thr44Met) with the plasma concentration of Lp(a) in a cohort of 302 healthy Polynesian males. An apo(a)-size independent assay assessed plasma Lp(a) concentrations; all other lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations were measured using standard laboratory techniques. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine apo(a) isoforms. The range of metabolic (HbA1c, blood pressure, and blood lipids) and blood lipid variables were similar between the non-carriers and carriers in age, ethnicity and BMI adjusted models. However, rs8187715 SLC22A3 variant was significantly associated with lower Lp(a) concentrations. Median Lp(a) concentration was 10.60 nmol/L (IQR: 5.40–41.00) in non-carrier group, and was 7.60 nmol/L (IQR: 5.50–12.10) in variant carrier group (P&lt;0.05). Lp(a) concentration inversely correlated with apo(a) isoform size. After correction for apo(a) isoform size, metabolic parameters and ethnicity, the association between the SLC22A3 variant and plasma Lp(a) concentration remained. The present study is the first to identify the association of this gene variant and low plasma Lp(a) concentrations. This provides evidence for better guidance on ethnic specific cut-offs when defining ‘elevated’ and ‘normal’ plasma Lp(a) concentrations in clinical applications.
Just Keep Spinning? The Impact of Auditory and Somatosensory Cues on Rotary Chair Testing
Authors: Seidl Natalie , Newell Melissa , Francis Alexander L. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether providing realistic auditory or somatosensory cues to spatial location would affect measures of vestibulo-ocular reflex gain in a rotary chair testing (RCT) context.

Method:

This was a fully within-subject design. Thirty young adults age 18–30 years (16 men, 14 women by self-identification) completed sinusoidal harmonic acceleration testing in a rotary chair under five different conditions, each at three rotational frequencies (0.01, 0.08, and 0.32 Hz). We recorded gain as the ratio of the amplitude of eye movement to chair movement using standard clinical procedures. The five conditions consisted of two without spatial information (silence, tasking via headphones) and three with either auditory (refrigerator sound, tasking via speaker) or somatosensory (fan) information. Two of the conditions also included mental tasking (tasking via headphones, tasking via speaker) and differed only in terms of the spatial localizability of the verbal instructions. We used linear mixed-effects modeling to compare pairs of conditions, specifically examining the effects of the availability of spatial cues in the environment. This study was preregistered on Open Science Framework (
https://osf.io/2gqcf/
).

Results:

Results showed significant effects of frequency in all conditions (
p
< .05), but the only pairs of conditions that were significantly different were those including tasking in one condition but not the other (e.g., tasking via headphones vs. silence). Post hoc equivalence testing showed that the lack of significance in the other comparisons could be confirmed as not meaningfully different.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that the presence of externally localizable sensory information, whether auditory or somatosensory, does not affect measures of gain in RCT to any relevant degree. However, these findings also contribute to the increasing body of evidence suggesting that mental engagement (“tasking”) does increase gain whether or not it is provided via localizable instructions.
The strength of outgassed porous dust aggregates
Authors: Kreuzig C. , Bischoff D. , Meier G. , Kargl G. , Brecher J. N. , Goldmann M. , Knoop C. , Ottersberg R. , Pommerol A. , Kovalev A. , Gorb S. N. , Gundlach B. , Blum J. 
Published: June 2024

Context. Outgassing of dust-ice aggregates plays an important role on the surfaces of cometary nuclei as well as for snow-line crossings in protoplanetary disks.
Aims. To assess the stability of desiccated dust aggregates, we measured the tensile strength of silica dust samples over a wide range of volume filling factors.
Methods. We produced these silica dust samples over a wide range of volume filling factors by gently evaporating dust-ice mixtures with various dust-to-ice mass ratios under vacuum conditions. The tensile strengths of these samples were then measured using the standardized Brazilian disk test. Experiments were performed in a vacuum and at room temperature but were also compared to measurements in air at room temperature and in a vacuum at elevated temperatures.
Results. For spherical amorphous silica dust, we find no influence of the environmental conditions (air, vacuum, or heating) on the measured tensile strength. However, for angular crystalline silica dust we see a strong increase in tensile strength in a vacuum compared to air and an even higher increase when the samples are heated in a vacuum. For the spherical silica dust samples, we find a characteristic increase in the tensile strength with decreasing particle size. The tensile strength of samples with identical particle sizes increases strongly with an increasing volume filling factor. Extrapolation of our data to a volume filling factor of 0.1 (90% porosity) shows that a tensile strength as low as 1 Pa can be reached.
Conclusions. Numerical simulations show that evaporating water ice in the subsurface layers of comets can reach gas pressures of ~1 Pa. Thus, a desiccated dust layer with a 10% volume filling factor should be detachable and released into the cometary coma. Using a relation between the tensile strength and the critical fragmentation energy, we predict the break-up speed of dust aggregates in mutual collisions as a function of the volume filling factor. Furthermore, we discuss the susceptibility of the aggregates to ram pressure. These values are relevant for protoplanetary disk research and for meteoroids entering planetary atmospheres.
Clinical Decision Support Tool to Promote Adoption of New Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Guidelines
Authors: An Lucia , Lukac Paul J. , Kulkarni Deepa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to increase the adoption of revised newborn hyperbilirubinemia guidelines by building a clinical decision support (CDS) tool into templated notes.
Methods We created a rule-based CDS tool that correctly populates the phototherapy threshold from more than 2,700 possible values directly into the note and guides clinicians to an appropriate follow-up plan consistent with the new recommendations. We manually reviewed notes before and after CDS tool implementation to evaluate new guidelines adherence, and surveys were used to assess clinicians' perceptions.
Results Postintervention documentation showed a decrease in old risk stratification methods (48 to 0.4%, p < 0.01) and an increase in new phototherapy threshold usage (39 to 95%, p < 0.01) and inclusion of follow-up guidance (28 to 79%, p < 0.01). Survey responses on workflow efficiency and satisfaction did not significantly change after CDS tool implementation.
Conclusion Our study details an innovative CDS tool that contributed to increased adoption of newly revised guidelines after the addition of this tool to templated notes.
Valence Bands Convergence in p-Type CoSb3 through Electronegative Fluorine Filling
Authors: Huang 黄 Xiege 写格 , Li 李 Jialiang 家良 , Ma 马 Haoqin 浩钦 , Li 李 Changlong 昌隆 , Liu 刘 Tianle 天乐 , Duan 段 Bo 波 , Zhai 翟 Pengcheng 鹏程 , Li 李 Guodong 国栋 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Band convergence is considered to be a strategy with clear benefits for thermoelectric performance, generally favoring the co-optimization of conductivity and Seebeck coefficients, and the conventional means include elemental filling to regulate the band. However, the influence of the most electronegative fluorine on the CoSb3 band remains unclear. We carry out density-functional-theory calculations and show that the valence band maximum gradually shifts downward with the increase of fluorine filling, lastly the valence band maximum converges to the highly degenerated secondary valence bands in fluorine-filled skutterudites. The effective degeneracy near the secondary valence band promotes more valleys to participate in electric transport, leading to a carrier mobility of more than the threefold and nearly twofold effective mass for F0.1Co4Sb12 compared to Co4Sb12. This work provides a new and promising route to boost the thermoelectric properties of p-type skutterudites.
Robustness analysis for the vibration control performance of energy-harvesting tuned mass damper with uncertainties
Authors: Qinlin Cai , Ping Lu , Yuanbin Chen , Xiang Shi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Energy-harvesting vibration control strategy has been proposed and applied in different applications, including but not limited to automotive, mechanical, and civil engineering. However, when facing uncertainties from both internal and external environments, the robustness of its performance has rarely been evaluated. The energy-harvesting tuned mass damper (EHTMD) is a representative vibration control device integrated with the energy-harvesting function. This study investigates the robustness of an EHTMD installed on a structure with multi-uncertainties. First, the EHTMD modeling, the interval model, and the robustness evaluation framework are introduced. Uncertainties are considered for all parameters of an EHTMD, including the mechanical units, electromagnetic damper, and energy harvesting circuit. Subsequently, a series of dynamic simulations are performed on a damped benchmark single-degree-of-freedom frame with an EHTMD. The lower- and upper-bound structural vibration and generated power are estimated under free-vibration, harmonic-excitation, and random-excitation scenarios. The EHTMD performance robustness is evaluated through the interval response by incorporating the first-passage theory. The key factors in EHTMD that influence its robustness are identified. Results indicate promising robustness when using the energy-harvesting vibration control strategy to replace the conventional dampers, addressing one of the often-questioned issues of the energy-harvesting vibration control strategy.
Intelligent surrogate model of a high-temperature superconducting cable for reliable energy delivery: short-circuit fault performance
Authors: Sadeghi Alireza , Song Wenjuan , Yazdani-Asrami Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) cables are promising solutions for electric power transmission of renewable energy resources, where their fault performance study is vital to avoid power interruptions in the grid. In this study, a fast intelligent surrogate model was presented to estimate the fault performance of a 22.9 kV/50 MW HTS cable to make fast fault performance analysis of the HTS cables possible during the design stage. Different fault scenarios were considered under different fault durations, fault resistances, and types of faults. Then, the fault energy, fault current, fault type, fault duration, and fault resistance were fed into the surrogate model as inputs. The outputs were the temperature of the rare-earth barium copper oxide (ReBCO) tapes, the former temperature, the ReBCO layer current, and the total resistance of each phase. For surrogate modelling, cascade forward neural networks (CFNNs) were used. The results show that the CFNN-based model estimated the fault performance of the cable with an average accuracy of 99.1%. Finally, the impact of considering fault energy, fault current, and both, as the inputs of the models, on the final accuracy were explored. The results show that by considering the fault energy, the accuracy of the surrogate model can be increased.
Elementary proof of QAOA convergence
Authors: Binkowski Lennart , Koßmann Gereon , Ziegler Timo , Schwonnek René 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The quantum alternating operator ansatz (QAOA) and its predecessor, the quantum approximate optimization algorithm, are one of the most widely used quantum algorithms for solving combinatorial optimization problems. However, as there is yet no rigorous proof of convergence for the QAOA, we provide one in this paper. The proof involves retracing the connection between the quantum adiabatic algorithm and the QAOA, and naturally suggests a refined definition of the ‘phase separator’ and ‘mixer’ keywords.