bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonography with color Doppler and power Doppler in the diagnosis of periapical lesions
Authors: Goel Sumit , Nagendrareddy Suma Gundareddy , Raju Manthena Srinivasa , Krishnojirao Dayashankara Rao Jingade , Rastogi Rajul , Mohan Ravi Prakash Sasankoti , Gupta Swati 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography (USG) with color Doppler and power Doppler applications over conventional radiography in the diagnosis of periapical lesions. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients having inflammatory periapical lesions of the maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth and requiring endodontic surgery were selected for inclusion in this study. All patients consented to participate in the study. We used conventional periapical radiographs as well as USG with color Doppler and power Doppler for the diagnosis of these lesions. Their diagnostic performances were compared against histopathologic examination. All data were compared and statistically analyzed. Results: USG examination with color Doppler and power Doppler identified 29 (19 cysts and 10 granulomas) of 30 periapical lesions accurately, with a sensitivity of 100% for cysts and 90.91% for granulomas and a specificity of 90.91% for cysts and 100% for granulomas. In comparison, conventional intraoral radiography identified only 21 lesions (sensitivity of 78.9% for cysts and 45.4% for granulomas and specificity of 45.4% for cysts and 78.9% for granulomas). There was definite correlation between the echotexture of the lesions and the histopathological features except in one case. Conclusions: USG imaging with color Doppler and power Doppler is superior to conventional intraoral radiographic methods for diagnosing the nature of periapical lesions in the anterior jaws. This study reveals the potential of USG examination in the study of other jaw lesions.
Case report: Periorbital intraosseous hemangiomas
Authors: Gonçalves Fabrício Guimarães , Rojas Juan Pablo Ovalle , Hanagandi Prasad Baladev , Valente Rodolfo , Torres Carlos Ignacio , Chankwosky Jeffrey , O′Donovan Raquel DelCardio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHemangiomas are hamartomatous proliferation of vessels. Intraosseous hemangiomas of the facial bones are rare and most commonly involve the zygoma, maxilla, mandible, and the nasal bones. A "sunburst" pattern is a typical appearance on CT scan and MRI and therefore a biopsy is not always necessary. Surgery is usually performed in symptomatic cases. The authors describe five typical periorbital intraosseous hemangiomas with a brief review of literature.
Differential diagnosis of breast lesions using ultrasound elastography
Authors: Gheonea Ioana Andreea , Stoica Zoia , Bondari Simona 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Context: The recent introduction of elastography has increased the specificity of USG and enabled early diagnosis of breast cancer. Quantitative elastography, especially with strain ratio (SR) index, improves diagnostic accuracy and decreased number of biopsies. Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of USG elastography in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions. Settings and Design: This prospective study was conducted in the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Research Centre of Craiova. Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight patients diagnosed with breast lesions between January 2009 and January 2010 were included in this prospective study. All the patients were examined in the supine position, and the B-mode USG image was displayed alongside the elastography strain image. For obtaining the elastography images we used a EUS Hitachi EUB 8500 ultrasound system with a 6.5-MHz linear probe. The elastography strain images were scored according to the Tsukuba elasticity score. Statistical Analysis: We performed receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis for assessment of the role of USG elastography in the diagnosis of breast lesions. Results: We obtained a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 92.9% for elasticity score and a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 92.9% for SR (when a cutoff point of 3.67 was used). There was very good correlation between SR and elasticity score (Spearman coefficient of 0.911). Conclusions: Elastography is a fast, simple method that can complement conventional USG examination. This method has the lowest cost/efficiency ratio and it is also the most noninvasive and accessible imaging method, with an accuracy comparable to MRI.
Case report: Calcifying fibrous tumor presenting as an asymptomatic pelvic mass
Authors: Giardino Angela A , Ramaiya Nikhil H , Shinagare Atul B , Jagannathan Jyothi P , Stachler Matthew D , Raut Chandrajit P 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCalcifying fibrous tumor (CFT) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor most commonly found in the soft tissues of the extremities and pleura. It is characterized by hyalinized collagenous fibrous tissue, with bland spindle cells, psammomatous or dystrophic calcifications, and focal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. CFT of the gastrointestinal tract is exceedingly uncommon. We report a case of CFT arising from the small intestine and associated mesentery; this case was identified incidentally in an otherwise healthy 45-year-old man.
Strength Training and Hypercholesterolemia: An Epidemiologic Study of 8499 Employed Men
Authors: Tucker Larry A. , Silvester L. Jay 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. This study was conducted to determine the relation between the quantity of strength training and hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ⩽ 240 mg/dl) in men. A secondary objective was to ascertain the effects of age, smoking, alcohol use, body mass, and participation in physical activities other than strength training on the association between strength training and hypercholesterolemia. Design. A cross-sectional research design was used. Setting. Data were collected at the worksites of subjects throughout the United States. Subjects. The participants were 8499 male employees of more than 50 companies. Measures. Blood was drawn while the subjects were in a fasting state, and a questionnaire was used to collect the demographic and lifestyle information, including the data about strength training. The subjects were divided into five groups according to their self-reported duration and frequency (i.e., quantity) of participation in strength training. Results. Subjects who reported regular involvement in strength training had a reduced risk of hypercholesterolemia. However, after controlling for all the potential confounders, only the high-quantity lifters, those who completed 4 to 7 hours of strength training each week, maintained a reduced risk of hypercholesterolemia. Conclusions. High-quantity strength training is strongly associated with a reduced risk of hypercholesterolemia, even after controlling for numerous, potentially confounding factors (odds ratio = .46; 95% confidence interval = .23 to .91).
Alcohol: A Review of the Impact of Worksite Interventions on Health and Behavioral Outcomes
Authors: Roman Paul M. , Blum Terry C. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To review, evaluate, and summarize research published in scientific journals linking alcohol-related interventions in the worksite to either individual or organizational outcomes. Methods. A review of the literature published in peer-review journals between 1970 and 1995 identified 24 articles that reported the results of studies on the impact of worksite programs on alcohol control on health and behavioral outcomes. Important findings. There is strong suggestive evidence and some conclusive evidence that worksite interventions including core components of employee assistance programs are effective in rehabilitating employees with alcohol problems. There is suggestive and conclusive evidence that worksite training oriented toward alcohol problems affects the attitudes of supervisors and employees for reasonable periods after the completion of training. Conclusions. Investment in worksite interventions directed at reducing alcohol-related problems appears to be a sound strategy, although considerably more research is needed. This research should include broad representation of appropriate worksite populations. Similar measurements should be used across studies. To the extent possible, randomized control group designs should be employed. Without significant external sponsorship, it is not likely that such an improved body of research data will emerge.
Characteristics of Participants and Nonparticipants in Worksite Health Promotion
Authors: Lewis R. Jeffrey , Huebner Wendy W. , Yarborough Charles M. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To identify demographic characteristics associated with worksite health promotion participation and to determine whether employees with high-risk health-related behaviors, as measured by a health risk appraisal, were participating in programs designed to address these behaviors. Design. Descriptive Setting. A petrochemical research and development company where employees were offered a health risk appraisal questionnaire, a series of on-site wellness programs, and an on-site fitness center. Subjects. All employees (n = 2290) working continuously from May 1, 1990, through February 28, 1992. Measures. Demographic and behavioral risk characteristics of participants and nonparticipants. Results. Participation was 37% (health risk appraisal), 64% (all wellness programs), and 10% (fitness center), with women participating at higher rates than men in all programs. Most programs attracted 10% to 40% of the employees at risk for the particular behavior addressed by the program, although lower penetration (7% to 9%) was observed for the on-site fitness center and blood pressure education programs. With the exception of wellness programs for weight, smoking, and blood pressure, employees at lower behavioral risk tended to be more likely to participate than employees at high risk. Conclusions. Efforts to increase participation by all company employees, especially among those with high-risk behaviors, would benefit all health promotion programs, particularly the on-site fitness center.
The Role of Health Consciousness in Predicting Attention to Health Warning Messages
Authors: Kaskutas Lee A. , Greenfield Thomas K. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. Guided by information processing theory and the health belief model, this paper considers the relationship between health consciousness among the general population and attention to environmental health warnings about alcohol consumption. Mechanisms of exposure to three dominant types of impersonal alcohol-related health messages in the environment are explored. Design. Cross-sectional survey using telephone interview data. Subjects. A representative nationwide sample of adults was interviewed in 1993 ( n = 1026), with a response rate of 63%. Measures. Key variables include exposure to warning labels on alcoholic beverages, to point-of-sale posters, and to advertisements in the media, as well as respondents' alcohol consumption, health problems (indicative of salience of health warnings), and level of health consciousness assessed by items tapping concern with nutrition and seeking information on health topics. Results. In the total sample, over a third had seen a warning label or poster and almost all had seen an advertisement about the risks associated with alcohol consumption in 1993. Survey respondents scored very high on five individual items that make up the health consciousness scale introduced here, with 69% endorsing all items. The scale demonstrated good internal reliability (alpha = .70) and was significantly correlated ( p <. 01) with not enjoying getting drunk and with usually reading product warning labels, suggesting construct validity. Yet the hypothesized strong relationships between health consciousness and attention to health warnings about drinking were not observed; nor was salience of messages a predictor of recall. Importantly, high proportions of underage drinkers and young adults at elevated risk for drinking problems are reached by container warning label messages. Mechanisms of exposure recall vary based on message source, with “container label recall” associated with heavier drinking, younger age, and purchasing patterns; “poster recall” associated with purchasing and health consciousness; and “advertisement recall” associated with heavy consumption and younger age. Conclusions. These results are contrary to predictions from skeptics of broad-based informational interventions, who argue that only the already-health conscious are attentive to health warnings about the risks of alcohol consumption. These data suggest that the label is reaching intended target audiences, especially younger people, males, and heavier alcohol consumers. Future research in predicting attention to impersonal health warnings in the environment should continue to improve the assessment of constructs such as salience and health consciousness, and should further test the applicability of available theoretical models. Subsequent research should also consider additional measures to lap mechanisms of exposure to impersonal health messages to enable a better understanding of the population that is not being reached by such public health interventions.
The Impact of Worksite-Based Safety Belt Programs: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Eddy James M. , Fitzhugh Eugene C. , Wojtowicz G. Greg , Wang Min Qi 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to provide a literature review of the research that examines the effectiveness of worksite intervention programs designed to increase the use of safety belts by employees. Search methods. The literature search, which identified 14 research studies on worksite safety belt programs conducted between 1968 and 1994, originated as part of a larger review on the health impact of worksite health promotion programs that was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In addition, the authors conducted an additional search in an effort to validate the CDC search, but found no additional research articles. Summary of Important Findings. The literature specific to the effectiveness of safety belt programs is limited to only 14 studies. The safety belt intervention most commonly evaluated used behavioral modification principles involving incentives. These and other interventions demonstrated effective increases in seat belt utilization that, upon withdrawal of the intervention, achieved a recidivism rate above baseline levels. However, the vast majority of studies failed to incorporate control groups into their research design, which caused significant threats to internal validity. Thus, a summary of findings is only suggestive at best. Major conclusions. Based on the literature, there appears to be an insufficient number of quality research studies from which to derive a clear view of the impact of worksite safety belt programs. While the evidence is suggestive of a positive impact on safety belt use, there is a clear need for new, well-designed research initiatives on the effectiveness of theory-based safety belt intervention programs.
Application of Karasek's Demand/Control Model in a Canadian Occupational Setting Including Shift Workers during a Period of Reorganization and Downsizing
Authors: Schechter Janet , Green Lawrence W. , Olsen Lise , Kruse Karen , Cargo Margaret 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To apply Karasek's Job Content Model to an analysis of the relationships between job type and perceived stress and stress behaviors in a large company during a period of reorganization and downsizing. Design. Cross-sectional mail-out, mail-back survey. Setting. A large Canadian telephone/telecommunications company. Subjects. Stratified random sample (stratified by job category) of 2200 out of 13,000 employees with a response rate of 48.8%. Measures. Responses to 25 of Karasek's core questions were utilized to define four job types: low demand and high control = “relaxed”; high demand and high control = “active”; low demand and low control = “passive”, and high demand with low control = “high strain.” These job types were compared against self-reported stress levels, perceived general level of health, absenteeism, alcohol use, exercise level, and use of medications and drugs. Similar analyses were performed to assess the influence of shift work. Results. Employees with “passive” or “high strain” job types reported higher levels of stress (trend test p <.0001); poorer health (trend test p = .006); and higher levels of absenteeism (trend test p >.0001). More shift workers reported themselves in poor or fair health (chi-square p = .018) and reported high levels of stress at home (chi-square p = .002) than nonshift workers. The relationships between job type and levels of stress, health, and absenteeism, however, held for nonshift workers as well. Conclusions. Job types with high demand and low control were associated with increased stress, increased absenteeism, and poorer self-concept of health. The demand/control model of Karasek and Theorell was validated in this setting with respect to stress and some stress-associated attitudes and behaviors.
Developing a Four-Year Integrated Core Curriculum:
Authors: M. Mirabella Roseanne , M. Balkun Mary 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
Seton Hall University’s new core curriculum includes a pair of Signature Courses and a third-year Signature Course developed within departments, two composition classes, a university life course, and five proficiencies. This article describes the process leading to the development of this new curriculum and provides advice on general education reform.
Evolution‐Based Design of an Injectable Hydrogel
Authors: Geisler Iris M. , Schneider Joel P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new class of simple, linear, amphiphilic peptides are developed that have the ability to undergo triggered self‐assembly into self‐supporting hydrogels. Under non‐gelling aqueous conditions, these peptides exist in a random coil conformation and peptide solutions have the viscosity of water. On the addition of a buffered saline solution, the peptides assemble into a β‐sheet rich network of fibrils, ultimately leading to hydrogelation. A family of nine peptides is prepared to study the influence of peptide length and amino acid composition on the rate of self‐assembly and hydrogel material properties. The amino acid composition is modulated by varying residue hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity on the two opposing faces of the amphiphile. The conformation of peptides in their soluble and gel state is studied by circular dichroism (CD), while the resultant material properties of their gels is investigated using oscillatory sheer rheology. One weight percent gels formed under physiological conditions have storage modulus (G′) values that vary from ≈20 to ≈800 Pa, with sequence length and hydrophobic character playing a dominant roll in defining hydrogel rigidity. Based on the structural and functional data provided by the nine‐peptide family members, an optimal sequence, namely LK13, is evolved. LK13 (LKLKLKLKLKLKL‐NH2) undergoes triggered self‐assembly, affording the most rigid gel of those studied (G′=797 ± 105). It displays shear thin‐recovery behavior, allowing its delivery by syringe and is cytocompatibile as assessed with murine C3H10t1/2 mesenchymal stem cells.
Graphene‐supported nickel ferrite: A magnetically separable photocatalyst with high activity under visible light
Authors: Fu Yongsheng , Chen Haiqun , Sun Xiaoqiang , Wang Xin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA straightforward strategy is designed for the fabrication of a magnetically separable NiFe2O4‐graphene photocatalyst with different graphene content. It is very interesting that the combination of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles with graphene sheets results in a dramatic conversion of the inert NiFe2O4 into a highly active catalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The significant enhancement in photoactivity under visible light irradiation can be ascribed to the reduction of GO, because the photogenerated electrons of NiFe2O4 can transfer easily from the conduction band to the reduced GO, effectively preventing a direct recombination of electrons and holes. The results of the kinetic study indicated that the rate‐determining stage is the adsorption process of MB molecules. NiFe2O4 nanoparticles themselves have a strong magnetic property, which can be used for magnetic separation in a suspension system, and, therefore, the introduction of additional magnetic supports is no longer necessary. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
12‐ to 22‐Membered Bridged β‐Lactams as Potential Penicillin‐Binding Protein Inhibitors
Authors: Sliwa Aline , Dive Georges , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAs potential inhibitors of penicillin‐binding proteins (PBPs), we focused our research on the synthesis of non‐traditional 1,3‐bridged β‐lactams embedded into macrocycles. We synthesized 12‐ to 22‐membered bicyclic β‐lactams by the ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) of bis‐ω‐alkenyl‐3(S)‐aminoazetidinone precursors. The reactivity of 1,3‐bridged β‐lactams was estimated by the determination of the energy barrier of a concerted nucleophilic attack and lactam ring‐opening process by using ab initio calculations. The results predicted that 16‐membered cycles should be more reactive. Biochemical evaluations against R39 DD‐peptidase and two resistant PBPs, namely, PBP2a and PBP5, revealed the inhibition effect of compound 4d, which featured a 16‐membered bridge and the N‐tert‐butyloxycarbonyl chain at the C3 position of the β‐lactam ring. Surprisingly, the corresponding bicycle, 12d, with the PhOCH2CO side chain at C3 was inactive. Reaction models of the R39 active site gave a new insight into the geometric requirements of the conformation of potential ligands and their steric hindrance; this could help in the design of new compounds.
Usutu‐Virus verursacht Vogelsterben
Authors: Jöst Hanna , Schmidt‐Chanasit Jonas , Bosch Stefan , Becker Norbert 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn Südwestdeutschland wurden im Sommer 2011 hunderte tote Vögel, insbesondere Amseln, aufgefunden. Forscher der Kommunalen Aktionsgemeinschaft zur Bekämpfung der Schnakenplage (KABS), der Universität Heidelberg, des Bernhard‐Nocht‐Instituts (BNI), des NABU und des Friedrich‐Loeffler‐Instituts (FLI) sammelten die toten Vögel ein und untersuchten ihre Organe auf verschiedene Erreger. Im Jahr 2001 traten ähnliche Vorfälle in Österreich auf, wo das tropische Usutu‐Virus (USUV) für ein Vogelsterben verantwortlich war. Bereits im Jahr 2010 konnte das USUV in der Hausmücke (Culex pipiens pipiens) nachgewiesen werden. Der Verdacht der Forscher bestätigte sich nun: Auch die toten Vögel aus Südwestdeutschland waren mit dem USUV infiziert.
Ritterliche Grillenmännchen
Authors: Wendler Silke 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMännliche Feldgrillen (Gryllus campestris) zeigen ein ritterliches Verhalten gegenüber den Weibchen, mit denen sie sich gepaart haben. Ist Gefahr im Verzug, lassen die Männchen die Weibchen sogar dann zuerst in den Bau, wenn diese sich gerade weiter entfernt befinden als das Männchen.
Foldit, das Protein‐Origami
Authors: Kronberg Max , Kronberg Inge 
Published: December 2011

Abstract“Solve puzzles for science” – so heißt es in der Ankündigung von “Foldit”. In diesem experimentellen Onlinespiel mit wissenschaftlichem Anspruch werden Aminosäureketten durch verschiedene Werkzeuge in die optimale dreidimensionale Proteinform gefaltet, gerüttelt, gedreht und gebunden. Im Wettbewerb mit anderen Internet‐Spielern kann das “Daddeln” auch der Wissenschaft nützen, sobald alternative Proteinformen entdeckt oder Falt‐Algorithmen in den Datenbanken verbessert werden.
Die ältesten Seehunde der Welt
Authors: Diedrich Cajus 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFundstellen im norddeutschen Tiefland bei Fürstenau im UNESCO‐Geopark TERRA.vita liefern derzeit viele interessante Fossilien von marinen Wirbeltieren. Diese Meeresfauna ergänzt die Landtier‐ und Pflanzenwelt sowie die schnelle Artbildung der Haifische im Eozän und ermöglicht ein besseres Verständnis der vollständigen Biodiversität und Ökologie einer tropischen Zeit inmitten von Europa.