bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and phenology ofHyalesthes obsoletus(Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cixiidae) nymphal instars
Authors: Cargnus E. , Pavan F. , Mori N. , Martini M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUrtica dioicaandConvolvulus arvensisare the main host plants ofHyalesthes obsoletusand play an important role in the epidemiology of Bois noir of grapevines. The earliest survey, which was carried out to compare the phenology of nymphal instars onU. dioicaandC. arvensis, had highlighted some problems in the identification of the instars. Therefore, the correct identification of nymphs to species and instar level became a preliminary aim of this research. Adults and nymphs attributable toH. obsoletuswere collected during 2008–2010 in three flatland vineyard habitats of northern Italy onU. dioica,C. arvensisandArtemisia verlotorum. Nymphs and morphologically identified adults ofH. obsoletuswere submitted to molecular identification. Morphometric and morphological studies were carried out on nymphs collected in the field or obtained in laboratory rearings. Molecular methods not only confirmed the identity of adults, but also allowed the assignment of the nymphs to this species. Morphometric and morphological characteristics (e.g. body and head-thoracic lengths, number of thoracic pits) showed the existence of five nymphal instars. Morphometric differences between newly hatched and older first-instar nymphs were observed. A key to distinguish the five instars was proposed. Evident differences betweenH. obsoletusnymphs studied here and elsewhere were identified. According to differences in adult-flight period, an earlier phenology of nymphs onC. arvensisthan onU. dioicawas observed. In particular, the typical overwintering instar was the second onU. dioicaand the third onC. arvensis.
Effect of transtympanic low-pressure therapy in patients with unilateral Menière's disease unresponsive to betahistine: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial
Authors: Gürkov R , Filipe Mingas L B , Rader T , Louza J , Olzowy B , Krause E 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:To determine the effect of the Meniett® low-pressure generator on the subjective symptoms and audiovestibular disease markers of patients with unilateral Menière's disease unresponsive to betahistine treatment.Methods:Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial at a tertiary referral centre. After ventilation tube placement, patients were randomised to the active treatment or placebo group. Monitoring comprised audiometry and air caloric testing and a vertigo diary (enabling calculation of vertigo and activity scores, and the number of vertigo days, vertigo-free days and sick days).Results:Sixty-eight patients completed the study. For the active treatment versus placebo group, the following pre- and post-treatment values, and significances for treatment effect comparisons, were respectively seen: cumulative vertigo scores, 22.47 and 15.97 vs 20.42 and 19.23 (p = 0.048); vertigo days, 6.5 and 4.08 vs 5.94 and 5.52 (p = 0.102); sick days, 3.08 and 0.78 vs 2.87 and 3.45 (p = 0.041); vertigo-free days, 14.47 and 17.61 vs 15.48 and 17.58 (p = 0.362); activity score, 23.61 and 13.42 vs 24.68 and 20.23 (p = 0.078); low-tone hearing threshold, 49.15 and 53.18 dB nHL vs 41.66 and 46.10 dB nHL (p > 0.05); and slow phase velocity in response to caloric stimulation, 18.86 and 18.72 °/second vs 14.97 and 15.95 °/second, (p > 0.05).Conclusion:Use of the Meniett® low-pressure generator improved patients' vertigo but not their hearing or vestibular function. This safe, minimally invasive treatment is recommended as second-line treatment for unilateral Menière's disease.
Grisel's syndrome: a rare complication of tonsillectomy
Authors: Sia K J , Tang I P , Kong C K L , Nasriah A 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectives:To discuss the pathophysiology of atlanto-axial subluxation as a rare complication of tonsillectomy, and to discuss the important radiological findings for diagnosis and treatment planning.Case report:We report a case of post-tonsillectomy atlanto-axial subluxation, also known as Grisel's syndrome, in a child. On the third day after surgery, the boy presented with torticollis with no neurological deficit. Rotatory atlanto-axial subluxation was clearly shown in computed tomography scans of the neck. Cervical traction for one week successfully reduced the subluxation, with no long-term sequelae.Conclusion:Pre-existing cervical ligamentous laxity and post-operative infection are believed to be the main causes of Grisel's syndrome. Although it is rare, patients are advised to seek treatment early if any neck pain or fever persists. Early diagnosis is important for better treatment outcome. Initial conservative measures are advised before more invasive cervical traction is adopted.
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea after nasal packing for epistaxis: case report
Authors: Edkins O , Nyamarebvu C T , Lubbe D 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:We report a case of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea following nasal packing with a Rapid Rhino inflatable balloon pack, as treatment for epistaxis.Method:Case report and review of the literature regarding this complication.Results:A thorough literature search was performed using PubMed. To our best knowledge, there have been no previous reports of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea following nasal packing. In our case, cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred due to fracture of the middle turbinate at its superior skull base insertion. The cerebrospinal fluid leak resolved spontaneously without the need for surgical intervention.Conclusion:This case report highlights not only the need for an appreciation of sinonasal anatomy and the potential risks associated with nasal packing, but also the need for adequate training in the use of commercially available nasal packs by medical practitioners attending patients with epistaxis.
Towards operational payments for water ecosystem services in Tanzania: a case study from the Uluguru Mountains
Authors: Lopa Dosteus , Mwanyoka Iddi , Jambiya George , Massoud Thabit , Harrison Paul , Ellis-Jones Mark , Blomley Tom , Leimona Beria , van Noordwijk Meine , Burgess Neil D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSustaining the regular flow of water from mountain forests is important for downstream stakeholders in seasonally dry tropical countries, and a watershed payment for ecosystem services (PES) scheme that links rural ecosystem service providers to urban water users through economic transfers may help to maintain water supply and forest habitat. A CARE/WWF project in the Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania has established a pilot watershed PES scheme. We trace the development of this scheme and outline its initial impacts. Memoranda of Understanding between companies in Dar es Salaam (the downstream water users) and farmers in the mountains provide the framework to deliver tangible financial benefits to local people, help change patterns of land use and potentially improve water quality. A number of lessons learned from this project are relevant for similar schemes elsewhere in the region. Overcoming the various challenges is essential for expanding the current pilot project to a scale where it delivers measurable changes in water quality for downstream users.
‘I often worry about the older person being in that system’: exploring the key influences on the provision of dignified care for older people in acute hospitals
Authors: CALNAN M. , TADD W. , CALNAN S. , HILLMAN A. , READ S. , BAYER A. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTOlder age is one stage of the lifecourse where dignity maybe threatened due to the vulnerability created by increased incapacity, frailty and cognitive decline in combination with a lack of social and economic resources. Evidence suggests that it is in contact with health and welfare services where dignity is most threatened. This study explored the experiences of older people in acute National Health Service (NHS) Trusts in relation to dignified care and the organisational, occupational and cultural factors that affect it. These objectives were examined through an ethnography of four acute hospital Trusts in England and Wales, which involved interviews with older people (65+) recently discharged from hospital, their relatives/carers, and Trust managers, practitioners and other staff, complemented by evidence from non-participant observation. The picture which emerged was of a lack of consistency in the provision of dignified care which appears to be explained by the dominance of priorities of the system and organisation tied together with the interests of ward staff and clinicians. The emphasis on clinical specialism meant that staff often lacked the knowledge and skills to care for older patients whose acute illness is often compounded by physical and mental co-morbidities. The physical environment of acute wards was often poorly designed, confusing and inaccessible, and might be seen as ‘not fit for purpose’ to treat their main users, those over 65 years, with dignity. Informants generally recognised this but concluded that it was the older person who was in the ‘wrong place’, and assumed that there must be a better place for ‘them’. Thus, the present system in acute hospitals points to an inbuilt discrimination against the provision of high-quality care for older people. There needs to be a change in the culture of acute medicine so that it is inclusive of older people who have chronic co-morbidities and confusionas well asacute clinical needs.
Epidemiological concordance of Japanese encephalitis virus infection among mosquito vectors, amplifying hosts and humans in India
Authors: BORAH J. , DUTTA P. , KHAN S. A. , MAHANTA J. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYA temporal relationship of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) transmission in pigs, mosquitoes and humans revealed that sentinel pig seroconversions were significantly associated with human cases 4 weeks before (P = 0·04) their occurrence, highly correlated during the same time and 2 weeks before case occurrence (P < 0·001), and remained significantly correlated up to 2 weeks after human case occurrence (P < 0·01). JEV was detected in the same month in pigs and mosquitoes, and peaks of pig seroconversion were preceded by 1–2 months of peaks of infection in vectors. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that detection of JEV-positive mosquitoes was significantly associated with the median time to occurrence of seroconversion in pigs (P < 0·05). This study will not only help in predicting JEV activity but also accelerate timely vector control measures and vaccination programmes for pigs and humans to reduce the Japanese encephalitis risk in endemic areas.
Continence aids in the management of urinary incontinence – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Browning J. , Zaheer Z. , Orzechowska A. , Mistri A. 
Published: February 2012

The legend to Figure 13 on page 11 of the above paper (Browning et al., 2012) was incomplete. The full legend is as follows:Figure 13. Examples of washable incontinence underwear and disposable products (reproduced with permission from P&S Healthcare Ltd and SCA (TENA) Hygiene Products)
Reduced deforestation and the carbon market: the role of market regulations and future commitments
Authors: Anger Niels , Dixon Alistair , Livengood Erich 
Published: February 2012

AbstractReducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) has been proposed as an economic and extensive source of emission abatement to supplement other long-term climate policies. However, critics suggest an excess supply of REDD credits may disrupt emerging carbon markets and raise north–south equity concerns. In this context, we investigate the economic implications of REDD regulations and future emissions reduction commitments. Numerical model simulations show that unrestricted exchange of REDD units reduces the international carbon price by half and cuts compliance costs by roughly one-third. Developed nations’ requirements for policy supplementarity, which restrict demand for REDD credits, reduce such price impacts but go at the expense of both economic efficiency and benefits to rainforest areas. Instead, unlimited REDD access facilitates climate policy targets to be tightened by almost a quarter at constant compliance cost, tripling the environmental ambition of the Kyoto Protocol and providing considerable wealth transfers to developing countries.
What is an adequate standard of living during Retirement?
Authors: BINSWANGER JOHANNES , SCHUNK DANIEL 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMany economists and policy-makers argue that households do not save enough to maintain an adequate standard of living during retirement. However, there is no consensus on the answer to the underlying question about what this standard should be, despite the fact that it is crucial for the design of saving incentives and pension systems. We address this question with a randomized survey design, individually tailored to each respondent's financial situation, and conducted both in the U.S. and The Netherlands. We find that adequate levels of retirement spending exceed 80% of working life spending for a majority of respondents. Minimum acceptable income replacement rates range from 95 to 45% across income quintiles in the U.S., and from 75 to 60% across income quintiles in The Netherlands. The smaller range in The Netherlands may in part reflect the much tighter income distribution there.
Factors in narratives to questions in the short-term life review interviews of terminally ill cancer patients and utility of the questions
Authors: Ando Michiyo , Morita Tatsuya , Akechi Tatsuo , Takashi Kouchi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:Although the Short-Term Life Review elevated the spiritual well-being of terminally ill cancer patients in our previous study, we have not examined what patients reviewed for each question item of it. We examined factors in narratives to questions in the Short-Term Life Review interviews of terminally ill cancer patients and utility of the questions.Method:Thirty-four terminally ill cancer patients received the Short-Term Life Review interview in which there were two sessions. In the first session patients reviewed their lives, and an interviewer made a simple album of the patient based on patients' narrative. After 1 week, there was a second session. Qualitative analysis was conducted on patients' answers to each question using computational word mining, and factors were identified.Results:Twenty patients' narratives were analyzed. “Human relationships” was identified under “important things in life.” “Pleasant memories” were associated with “impressive memories.” “Illness” and “marriage and divorce” were related to “turning points in the life.” “Raising children and education” and “company or work” were identified as “roles in life.” “Achievements at work” were identified with “pride.” “Message to my children” was identified with “what I want to say to my family.” “To live sincerely” and “consideration for others” were identified as “advice for the next generation.” Patients reviewed few for topics such as “pride,” “what I want to say to my family,” “advice for the next generation,” and “summing up my life.”Significance of results:Factors such as human relationships, raising children, and education as a role and source of pride, and concerns about children's future, were associated with elevating spiritual well-being. Question to which that patients easily answered were selected.
‘Destiny seems to point me to that country’: early nineteenth-century African American migration, emigration, and expansion
Authors: Everill Bronwen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTraditional American historiography has dismissed the Liberian settlement scheme as impractical, racist, and naïve. The movement of Americans to Liberia, and other territorial and extraterritorial destinations, however, reveals the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors that influenced movement in the African diaspora. The reaction of different African Americans to these factors influenced the political and social development of Liberia as well as the colony's image at home. Africans migrating within and beyond US borders participated in a broader movement of people and the development of settler ideology in the nineteenth century.
Globalizing St George: English associations in the Anglo-world to the 1930s
Authors: Bueltmann Tanja , MacRaild Donald M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWhile English nationalism has recently become a subject of significant scholarly consideration, relatively little detailed research has been conducted on the emigrant and imperial contexts, or on the importance of Englishness within a global British identity. This article demonstrates how the importance of a global English identity can be illuminated through a close reading of ethnic associational culture. Examining organizations such as the St George's societies and the Sons of England, the article discusses the evolving character of English identity across North America, Africa, Southeast Asia and the Antipodes. Beginning in the eighteenth century, when English institutions echoed other ethnic organizations by providing sociability and charity to fellow nationals, the article goes on to map the growth of English associationalism within the context of mass migration. It then shows how nationalist imperialism – a broad-based English defence of empire against internal and external threats – gave these associations new meaning in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The article also explores how competitive ethnicity prompted English immigrants to form such societies and how both Irish Catholic hostility in America and Canada and Boer opposition in South Africa challenged the English to assert a more robust ethnic identity. English associationalism evinced coherence over time and space, and the article shows how the English tapped global reservoirs of strength to form ethnic associations that echoed their Irish and Scottish equivalents by undertaking the same sociable and mutual aspects, and lauded their ethnicity in similar fashion.
INCF Lithuanian Workshop on Neuroscience and Information Technology
Authors: Saudargiene Aušra 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe aim of this workshop was to give a current overview of neuroscience and informatics research in Lithuania, and to discuss the strategies for forming the Lithuanian Neuroinformatics Node and becoming a member of INCF. The workshop was organized by Dr. Aušra Saudargiene (Department of Informatics, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, and Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Lithuania) and INCF.The workshop was attended by 15 invited speakers, among them 4 guests and 11 Lithuanian neuroscientists, and over 20 participants. The workshop was organized into three main sessions: overview of the INCF activities including the Swedish and UK nodes of INCF; presentations on Neuroscience research carried out in Lithuania; discussion about the strategies for forming an INCF national node, and the benefits of having such a node in Lithuania (Appendix A: Program; Appendix B: Abstracts).
Influences of Social and Style Variables on Adult Usage of African American English Features
Authors: Craig Holly K. , Grogger Jeffrey T. 
Published: February 2012

PurposeIn this study, the authors examined the influences of selected social (gender, employment status, educational achievement level) and style variables (race of examiner, interview topic) on the production of African American English (AAE) by adults.MethodParticipants were 50 African American men and women, ages 20–30 years. The authors used Rapid and Anonymous Survey (RAS) methods to collect responses to questions on informal situational and formal message-oriented topics in a short interview with an unacquainted interlocutor.ResultsResults revealed strong systematic effects for academic achievement, but not gender or employment status. Most features were used less frequently by participants with higher educational levels, but sharp declines in the usage of 5 specific features distinguished the participants differing in educational achievement. Strong systematic style effects were found for the 2 types of questions, but not race of addressee. The features that were most commonly used across participants—copula absence, variable subject–verb agreement, and appositive pronouns—were also the features that showed the greatest style shifting.ConclusionsThe findings lay a foundation with mature speakers for rate-based and feature inventory methods recently shown to be informative for the study of child AAE and demonstrate the benefits of the RAS.
Overtone-induced dissociation and isomerization dynamics of the hydroxymethyl radical (CH2OH and CD2OH). I. A theoretical study
Authors: Kamarchik E. , Rodrigo C. , Bowman J. M. , Reisler H. , Krylov A. I. 
Published: February 2012

The dissociation of the hydroxymethyl radical, CH2OH, and its isotopolog, CD2OH, following the excitation of high OH stretch overtones is studied by quasi-classical molecular dynamics calculations using a global potential energy surface (PES) fitted to ab initio calculations. The PES includes CH2OH and CH3O minima, dissociation products, and all relevant barriers. Its analysis shows that the transition states for OH bond fission and isomerization are both very close in energy to the excited vibrational levels reached in recent experiments and involve significant geometry changes relative to the CH2OH equilibrium structure. The energies of key stationary points are refined using high-level electronic structure calculations. Vibrational energies and wavefunctions are computed by coupled anharmonic vibrational calculations. They show that high OH-stretch overtones are mixed with other modes. Consequently, trajectory calculations carried out at energies about ∼3000 cm−1 above the barriers reveal that despite initial excitation of the OH stretch, the direct OH bond fission is relatively slow (10 ps) and a considerable fraction of the radicals undergoes isomerization to the methoxy radical. The computed dissociation energies are: D0(CH2OH → CH2O + H) = 10 188 cm−1, D0(CD2OH → CD2O + H) = 10 167 cm−1, D0(CD2OH → CHDO + D) = 10 787 cm−1. All are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. For CH2OH, the barriers for the direct OH bond fission and isomerization are: 14 205 and 13 839 cm−1, respectively.
Overtone-induced dissociation and isomerization dynamics of the hydroxymethyl radical (CH2OH and CD2OH). II. Velocity map imaging studies
Authors: Ryazanov M. , Rodrigo C. , Reisler H. 
Published: February 2012

The dissociation of the hydroxymethyl radical, CH2OH, and its isotopolog, CD2OH, following excitation in the 4ν1 region (OH stretch overtone, near 13 600 cm−1) was studied using sliced velocity map imaging. A new vibrational band near 13 660 cm−1 arising from interaction with the antisymmetric CH stretch was discovered for CH2OH. In CD2OH dissociation, D atom products (correlated with CHDO) were detected, providing the first experimental evidence of isomerization in the CH2OH ↔ CH3O (CD2OH ↔ CHD2O) system. Analysis of the H (D) fragment kinetic energy distributions shows that the rovibrational state distributions in the formaldehyde cofragments are different for the OH bond fission and isomerization pathways. Isomerization is responsible for 10%–30% of dissociation events in all studied cases, and its contribution depends on the excited vibrational level of the radical. Accurate dissociation energies were determined: D0(CH2OH → CH2O + H) = 10 160 ± 70 cm−1, D0(CD2OH → CD2O + H) = 10 135 ± 70 cm−1, D0(CD2OH → CHDO + D) = 10 760 ± 60 cm−1.