bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Clinical Coronary Heart Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Lupus and Atherosclerosis Evaluation of Risk (LASER) Study
Authors: HAQUE SAHENA , GORDON CAROLINE , ISENBERG DAVID , RAHMAN ANISUR , LANYON PETER , BELL AUBREY , EMERY PAUL , McHUGH NEIL , TEH LEE SUAN , SCOTT DAVID G.I. , AKIL MOHAMED , NAZ SOPHIA , ANDREWS JACQUELINE , GRIFFITHS BRIDGET , HARRIS HELEN , YOUSSEF HAZEM , McLAREN JOHN , TOESCU VERONICA , DEVAKUMAR VINODH , TEIR JAMAL , BRUCE IAN N. 
Published: December 2009

Objective. Accelerated atherosclerosis and premature coronary heart disease (CHD) are recognized complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the exact etiology remains unclear and is likely to be multifactorial. We hypothesized that SLE patients with CHD have increased exposure to traditional risk factors as well as differing disease phenotype and therapy-related factors compared to SLE patients free of CHD. Our aim was to examine risk factors for development of clinical CHD in SLE in the clinical setting.Methods. In a UK-wide multicenter retrospective case-control study we recruited 53 SLE patients with verified clinical CHD (myocardial infarction or angina pectoris) and 96 SLE patients without clinical CHD. Controls were recruited from the same center as the case and matched by disease duration. Charts were reviewed up to time of event for cases, or the same “dummy-date” in controls.Results. SLE patients with clinical CHD were older at the time of event [mean (SD) 53 (10) vs 42 (10) yrs; p < 0.001], more likely to be male [11 (20%) vs 3 (7%); p < 0.001], and had more exposure to all classic CHD risk factors compared to SLE patients without clinical CHD. They were also more likely to have been treated with corticosteroids (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.03, 5.88) and azathioprine (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.16, 4.67) and to have evidence of damage on the pre-event SLICC damage index (SDI) (OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.09, 4.44). There was no difference between groups with regard to clinical organ involvement or autoantibody profile.Conclusion. Our study highlights the need for clinical vigilance to identify modifiable risk factors in the clinical setting and in particular with male patients. The pattern of organ involvement did not differ in SLE patients with CHD events. However, the higher pre-event SDI, azathioprine exposure, and pattern of damage items (disease-related rather than therapy-related) in cases suggests that a persistent active lupus phenotype contributes to CHD risk. In this regard, corticosteroids and azathioprine may not control disease well enough to prevent CHD. Clinical trials are needed to determine whether classic risk factor modification will have a role in primary prevention of CHD in SLE patients and whether new therapies that control disease activity can better reduce CHD risk.
Fyn and CD70 Expression in CD4+ T Cells from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: KOZLOWSKA ANNA , HRYCAJ PAWEL , LACKI JAN K. , JAGODZINSKI PAWEL P. 
Published: December 2009

Objective.CD4+ T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display defective function that contributes to abnormal activation of B cells and autoantibody production.Methods.We compared the transcript and protein levels of Fyn and CD70 in CD4+ T cells from patients with SLE (n = 41) and healthy individuals (n = 34). The CD4+ T cells were isolated by positive biomagnetic separation technique. The quantitative analysis of messenger RNA was performed by reverse transcription and real-time quantitative PCR. The protein contents in the CD4+ T cells were determined by Western blotting analysis.Results.We observed significantly higher levels of Fyn (p = 0.03) and CD70 (p = 0.029) transcripts in SLE CD4+ T cells than in controls. There was a significant increase in CD70 protein levels (p < 0.0001), but not Fyn protein levels (p = 0.081) in CD4+ T cells from patients with SLE compared to healthy individuals. In the group with high disease activity [SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) ≥ 9], we observed a significantly higher Fyn protein content than in controls (p = 0.030). There was no correlation between Fyn and CD70 protein levels in SLE CD4+ T cells and disease activity as expressed in the SLEDAI scale.Conclusion.We confirmed previous observations of higher expression of CD70 in CD4+ T cells from patients with SLE. Our findings suggest that increased Fyn protein content in CD4+ T cells can be associated with high SLE disease activity.
Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Optically Active 2‐Amino‐2‐chromene Derivatives via One‐Pot Tandem Reactions
Authors: Xie Jian‐Wu , Huang Xiong , Fan Li‐Ping , Xu Dong‐Cheng , Li Xin‐Sheng , Su Hong , Wen Yi‐Hang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe asymmetric synthesis of functionalized 2‐amino‐2‐chromene derivatives with high enantioselectivities via one‐pot tandem reactions of functionalized α,β‐unsaturated ketones with malononitrile catalyzed by 9‐amino‐9‐deoxyepiquinine (1a) in combination with (R)‐1,1′‐binaphth‐2,2′‐diyl hydrogen phosphate (1c) is reported for the first time.
Preparation of Arylphosphonates by Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling in the Presence of Acetate Additives: Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Kalek Marcin , Jezowska Martina , Stawinski Jacek 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the synthesis of arylphosphonate diestersviaa palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of H‐phosphonate diesters with aryl electrophiles, promoted by acetate ions, was developed. A significant shortening of the cross‐coupling time in the presence of the added acetate ions was achieved for bidentate and monodentate supporting ligands, and for different aryl electrophiles (iodo, bromo and triflate derivatives). The reaction conditions were optimized in terms of amount of the catalyst, supporting ligands, and source of the acetate ion used. Various arylphosphonates, including those of potential biological significance, were synthesized using this newly developed protocol. Some mechanistic aspects of the investigated reactions are also discussed.
Circadian variation in salivary testosterone across age classes in Ache Amerindian males of Paraguay
Authors: Bribiescas Richard G. , Hill Kim R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTestosterone levels exhibit a circadian rhythm in healthy men, with morning levels tending to be higher compared to evening titers. However, circadian rhythms wane with age. Although this has been described in males living within industrialized settings, age‐related changes have not received similar attention in populations outside these contexts. Because many nonindustrialized populations, such as Ache Amerindians of Paraguay, exhibit testosterone levels that are lower than what is commonly reported in the clinical literature and lack age‐associated variation in testosterone, it was hypothesized that Ache men would not show age‐related variation in testosterone circadian rhythms. Diurnal rhythmicity in testosterone within and between Ache men in association with age (n = 52; age range, 18–64) was therefore examined. A significant negative association was evident between the ratio of morning and evening salivary testosterone and age (r = −0.28, P = 0.04). Men in their third decade of life exhibited significant diurnal variation (P = 0.0003), whereas older and younger age classes did not. Men between the ages of 30 and 39 also exhibited a higher AM:PM testosterone ratio compared to 40–49 and 50< year old men (P = 0.002, 0.006). Overall, declines in testosterone with aging may not be universal among human males, however, within‐individual analyses of diurnal variation capture age‐related contrasts in daily testosterone fluctuations. Circadian rhythmicity differs with age among the Ache and may be a common aspect of reproductive senescence among men regardless of ecological context. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Lucy” redux: A review of research on Australopithecus afarensis
Authors: Kimbel William H. , Delezene Lucas K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the 1970s, mid‐Pliocene hominin fossils were found at the sites of Hadar in Ethiopia and Laetoli in Tanzania. These samples constituted the first substantial evidence for hominins older than 3.0 Ma and were notable for some remarkable discoveries, such as the “Lucy” partial skeleton and the abundant remains from the A.L. 333 locality at Hadar and the hominin footprint trail at Laetoli. The Hadar and Laetoli fossils were ultimately assigned to the novel hominin species Australopithecus afarensis, which at the time was the most plesiomorphic and geologically ancient hominin taxon. The discovery and naming of A. afarensis coincided with important developments in theory and methodology in paleoanthropology; in addition, important fossil and genetic discoveries were changing expectations about hominin divergence dates from extant African apes. This coincidence of events ensured that A. afarensis figured prominently in the last 30 years of paleoanthropological research. Here, the 30+ year history of discovery, analysis, and interpretation of A. afarensis and its contexts are summarized and synthesized. Research on A. afarensis continues and subject areas in which further investigation is needed to resolve ongoing debates regarding the paleobiology of this species are highlighted. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 52:2–48, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Venous Foot Pump
Authors: Corley Gavin J. , Broderick Barry J. , Nestor Sarah M. , Breen Paul P. , Grace Pierce A. , Quondamatteo Fabio , Ólaighin Gearóid 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe presence of a venous pumping mechanism in the foot may be significant for venous return in the lower extremities. However, there has been a lack of conclusive research in the area to date and controversy still exists over the detailed anatomy and physiologic mechanism of the venous foot pump. A full understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the venous foot pump is essential for designing effective interventions for the prevention, treatment, and management of venous disease in the lower limbs. This article highlights and discusses the relevant literature relating to the anatomy and physiology of the venous foot pump. In addition, the plantar aspects of 10 cadaveric feet were dissected. These dissections revealed the presence of a previously unreported secondary deep plantar arch and/or deep system of venous connections in the foot and facilitated a more detailed description of the patterns of doubling and branching of the primary veins of the foot. The results of these dissections are discussed within the context of previous work in the field with the aid of detailed diagrams of the dissected feet and may provide a backdrop for the physiology of the venous foot pump and its potential role in lower limb circulation. This is discussed in the last section of the article, which also highlights existing controversy regarding the role of weight bearing and muscular contraction as the dominant mechanisms for venous pumping in the foot. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Imidazole Derivatives with Antimycobacterial Activity
Authors: Miranda Pedro O. , Gundersen Lise‐Lotte 
Published: December 2009

Abstract4‐Substituted 1‐(p‐methoxybenzyl)imidazoles were designed and synthesized in order to mimic parts of the structure of highly potent antimycobacterial 6‐aryl‐9‐(p‐methoxybenzyl)purines. 4‐Haloimidazoles were subjected to Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling in order to introduce a (hetero)aryl group, or they were converted to Grignard reagents and reacted with (hetero)arylaldehydes. Further transformations of the adducts gave a variety of potential antimycobacterials with different “spacers” between the imidazole and (hetero)aryl group. The adduct from furfural was rearranged to a cyclopentenone derivative when treated with methanol under acidic conditions. Several target compounds exhibited antimycobacterial activity in vitro (IC90 13 μg/mL for the best inhibitors), but they were not as active as the most potent purines and pyrimidines synthesized before.
Predictive modeling of non‐viral gene transfer
Authors: Schwake Gerlinde , Youssef Simon , Kuhr Jan‐Timm , Gude Sebastian , David Maria Pamela , Mendoza Eduardo , Frey Erwin , Rädler Joachim O. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn non‐viral gene delivery, the variance of transgenic expression stems from the low number of plasmids successfully transferred. Here, we experimentally determine Lipofectamine‐ and PEI‐mediated exogenous gene expression distributions from single cell time‐lapse analysis. Broad Poisson‐like distributions of steady state expression are observed for both transfection agents, when used with synchronized cell lines. At the same time, co‐transfection analysis with YFP‐ and CFP‐coding plasmids shows that multiple plasmids are simultaneously expressed, suggesting that plasmids are delivered in correlated units (complexes). We present a mathematical model of transfection, where a stochastic, two‐step process is assumed, with the first being the low‐probability entry step of complexes into the nucleus, followed by the subsequent release and activation of a small number of plasmids from a delivered complex. This conceptually simple model consistently predicts the observed fraction of transfected cells, the cotransfection ratio and the expression level distribution. It yields the number of efficient plasmids per complex and elucidates the origin of the associated noise, consequently providing a platform for evaluating and improving non‐viral vectors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010. 105: 805–813. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alteration of bacterial surface electrostatic potential and pH upon adhesion to a solid surface and impacts to cellular bioenergetics
Authors: Hong Yongsuk , Brown Derick G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn our previous study [Hong Y, Brown DG (2009) Appl Environ Microbiol 75(8):2346–2353], the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level of adhered bacteria was observed to be 2–5 times higher than that of planktonic bacteria. Consequently, the proton motive force (Δp) of adhered bacteria was approximately 15% greater than that of planktonic bacteria. It was hypothesized that the cell surface pH changes upon adhesion due to the charge‐regulated nature of the bacterial cell surface and that this change in surface pH can propagate to the cytoplasmic membrane and alter Δp. In the current study, we developed and applied a charge regulation model to bacterial adhesion and demonstrated that the charge nature of the adhering surface can have a significant effect on the cell surface pH and ultimately the affect the ATP levels of adhered bacteria. The results indicated that the negatively charged glass surface can result in a two‐unit drop in cell surface pH, whereas adhesion to a positively charged amine surface can result in a two‐unit rise in pH. The working hypothesis indicates that the negatively charged surface should enhance Δp and increase cellular ATP, while the positively charged surface should decrease Δp and decrease ATP, and these results of the hypothesis are directly supported by prior experimental results with both negatively and positively charged surfaces. Overall, these results suggest that the nature of charge on the solid surface can have an impact on the proton motive force and cellular ATP levels. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 965–972. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Promoting adolescent sense of coherence: Testing models of risk, protection, and resiliency
Authors: Evans William Paul , Marsh Shawn C. , Weigel Daniel J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSense of coherence (SOC) is a dispositional trait that has been linked to well‐being in a broad range of populations and contexts. Little is known, however, about the factors associated with SOC development and maintenance across the lifespan. Conceptualized as a condition of resiliency, SOC in adolescents was explored via measures of risk and protection as reported on by 8th and 10th grade students (N = 1619). Employing cumulative indexes of protection and risk, analyses focused on testing four models of resiliency. Further, the relative and cumulative effects of protection and risk were explored across ecological domains. Analyses revealed support for the compensatory model of resiliency for males and females, while the challenge model also was supported for females. Analyses also revealed that protection and risk influencing SOC emerge at multiple domains for males and females. In addition, protective factors present at multiple domains were related to higher SOC while risk factors present at multiple domains were related to lower SOC regardless of gender. Results suggest a resiliency framework that considers multiple ecological domains is useful for understanding SOC in adolescents. Implications for additional research are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comorbidity, body mass index, and age and the risk of nonprostate‐cancer‐specific mortality after a postradiation prostate‐specific antigen recurrence
Authors: Nguyen Paul L. , Chen Ming‐Hui , Beard Clair J. , Suh W. Warren , Choueiri Toni K. , Efstathiou Jason A. , Hoffman Karen E. , Loffredo Marian , Kantoff Philip W. , D'Amico Anthony V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Some men with a postradiation therapy (RT) prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) recurrence will die of noncancer causes before developing metastases. Therefore, our ability to determine who would benefit from salvage hormonotherapy (HT) would be enhanced if an individual's risk of nonprostate‐cancer‐specific mortality were known.METHODS:Among 206 men with unfavorable‐risk localized prostate cancer initially randomized to RT+/−HT, 87 men who experienced PSA recurrence were studied. Fine and Gray's competing risks regression was used to assess whether body mass index (BMI) and the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation‐27 comorbidity level at randomization were associated with the risk of nonprostate‐cancer‐specific mortality after PSA recurrence, adjusting for age at recurrence.RESULTS:After a median postrecurrence follow‐up of 4.4 years, moderate/severe comorbidity (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 3.15; P = .02), BMI ≥ median (27.4 kg/m2; adjusted HR=2.98; p=.04), and increasing age at recurrence (adjusted HR = 1.17; P = .03) were significantly associated with an increased risk of nonprostate‐cancer‐specific mortality. Five‐year cumulative incidence estimates of nonprostate‐cancer‐specific mortality were as follows: 0% (95% confidence interval [CI] [0,0]) for low‐risk patients (mild/no comorbidity and age<median [76.2 years] and BMI<median), 18.8% (5.8‐31.8) for intermediate‐risk patients (mild/no comorbidity and either age≥median or BMI≥median); and 37.9% (95% CI, 6.8‐68.9) for high‐risk patients (moderate/severe comorbidity; P = .03 overall).CONCLUSIONS:After a post‐RT PSA recurrence, men with moderate/severe comorbidity and those who are obese or older face a substantial risk of nonprostate‐cancer‐specific mortality, and they could be considered for surveillance protocols with a plan to initiate salvage HT if the PSA rises rapidly (eg, PSA doubling time <6 months) or the patient develops clinically or radiographically evident disease. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Use of the Diels–Alder Cycloaddition of Tetracyclone and Internal Aryl Acetylenes for the Synthesis of Functionalized Atrop­isomeric Biaryls
Authors: Hapke Marko , Gutnov Andrey , Weding Nico , Spannenberg Anke , Fischer Christine , Benkhäuser‐Schunk Christian , Heller Barbara 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction of tetracyclone and functionalized, internal aryl acetylenes gave access to a number of bulky atropisomeric biaryls in good to excellent yield. The synthesis is convenient and yields the pure biaryls without tedious work‐up and purification procedures. Exemplarily the atropisomers have been resolved via the diastereomers in an easy and efficient manner to yield the enantiomers.
Ezetimibe reverses the inhibitory effects of dietary cholesterol on mammary tumorigenesis in rats
Authors: McNamara Erin , Archer Michael C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThere are concerns regarding increased cancer incidence in patients treated with ezetimibe, an inhibitor of the absorption of dietary cholesterol. Here we tested the hypothesis that ezetimibe will accelerate mammary tumorigenesis in rats. The drug was administered at a dose of 1 ppm in an AIN‐93G diet that contained 0.3% cholesterol. This experimental diet and control diets that contained either no additions or cholesterol or ezetimibe only, were fed to groups of 30 Sprague‐Dawley rats 3 days after they were treated with 50 mg/kg methylnitrosourea (MNU). All rats were euthanized 22 weeks after MNU administration. Tumor multiplicity was significantly smaller in rats fed cholesterol than those fed no cholesterol (1.84 ± 0.42 vs. 3.86 ± 0.86 respectively, P < 0.05), but was significantly greater in the cholesterol/ezetimibe group than the group fed only cholesterol (3.48 ± 0.59 vs. 1.84 ± 0.42 respectively, P < 0.04). The average weight of tumors/rat was also significantly larger in the cholesterol/ezetimibe group than those fed cholesterol alone (5.67 ± 1.15 vs. 2.56 ± 0.71 respectively, P < 0.04). As expected, ezetimibe prevented the cholesterol raising effect of the dietary cholesterol. These results show that ezetimibe reverses the inhibitory effect of dietary cholesterol on the development of rat mammary tumors.
Current trends in quantitative proteomics
Authors: Elliott Monica H. , Smith Derek S. , Parker Carol E. , Borchers Christoph 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIt was inevitable that as soon as mass spectrometrists were able to tell biologists which proteins were in their samples, the next question would be how much of these proteins were present. This has turned out to be a much more challenging question. In this review, we describe the multiple ways that mass spectrometry has attempted to address this issue, both for relative quantitation and for absolute quantitation of proteins. There is no single method that will work for every problem or for every sample. What we present here is a variety of techniques, with guidelines that we hope will assist the researcher in selecting the most appropriate technique for the particular biological problem that needs to be addressed. We need to emphasize that this is a very active area of proteomics research—new quantitative methods are continuously being introduced and some ‘pitfalls’ of older methods are just being discovered. However, even though there is no perfect technique—and a better technique may be developed tomorrow—valuable information on biomarkers and pathways can be obtained using these currently available methods Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards an understanding of international city break travel
Authors: Dunne Gerard , Flanagan Sheila , Buckley Joan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper explores city break tourism and, in particular, the distinctive characteristics of this form of travel. The city break is examined and compared with other types of trips. The research follows a sequential mixed methods approach involving both a visitor survey and in‐depth interviews. The findings show the international city break trip to have a number of distinctive characteristics. These are summarised into five main areas (5 Ds) — duration, distance, date flexibility, discretionary nature and destination travel party. These distinguishing features provide a useful insight into one of the most important yet least examined travel segments in tourism research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.