bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sensors and regulators of cell–matrix surveillance in anoikis resistance of tumors
Authors: Nagaprashantha Lokesh Dalasanur , Vatsyayan Rit , Lelsani Poorna Chandra Rao , Awasthi Sanjay , Singhal Sharad S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNormal cells continuously monitor the nature of their respective cellular microenvironment. They are equipped with an inherent molecular defense to detect changes that can precipitate and trigger an oncogenic cascade in the internal and external environment of cells. The process called anoikis unleashes many a characteristic molecular change in the cells which eventually program to cell death in response to cell detachment and inappropriate cellular attachment, both of which can otherwise potentiate the ability of cells to preferentially pursue a malignant course due to the release of molecular discipline which conforms them to a benign structural and functional spectrum. The initiation and propagation of signaling that serves as a switch to cell survival or cell death mediated by surveillance of cell microenvironment is comprised of many heterogeneous sets of molecules interacting mainly at the interface of cell–extracellular matrix. Transforming cells continuously reprogram their signaling characteristics in sensing and modulating the stimuli from cell surface molecules like integrins, cadherins and immunoglobulin family of cell adhesion molecules at adhesion complexes, which enables them to resist anoikis and metastasize to different organs. Actin cytoskeleton binds BIM and Bcl2 modifying factor (BMF), which are regulated by the adhesion status and consequent conformation of cytoskeleton in the cells. This review aims at an integrated synopsis of fundamental mechanisms of the critical interactions of cell surface molecules to facilitate a focused analysis of the differential regulation of signaling processes at cell‐ECM junctions that collectively rein the anoikis resistance, which in turn impacts metastatic aggressiveness and drug resistance of tumors originating from respective organs.
Teaching technological innovation and entrepreneurship in polymeric biomaterials
Authors: Washburn Newell R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA model for incorporating an entrepreneurship module has been developed in an upper‐division and graduate‐level engineering elective on Polymeric Biomaterials (27‐311/42‐311/27‐711/42‐711) at Carnegie Mellon University. A combination of lectures, assignments, and a team‐based project were used to provide students with a framework for applying their technical skills in the development of new technologies and a basic understanding of the issues related to translational research and technology commercialization. The specific approach to the project established in the course, which represented 20% of the students' grades, and the grading rubric for each of the milestones are described along with suggestions for generalizing this approach to different applications of biomaterials or other engineering electives. Incorporating this model of entrepreneurship into electives teaches students course content within the framework of technological innovation and many of the concepts and tools need to practice it. For students with situational or individual interest in the project, it would also serve to deepen their understanding of the traditional course components as well as provide a foundation for integrating technological innovation and lifelong learning. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2010.
Peripheral nerve regeneration using composite poly(lactic acid‐caprolactone)/nerve growth factor conduits prepared by coaxial electrospinning
Authors: Liu Jun‐Jian , Wang Chun‐Yang , Wang Jian‐Guang , Ruan Hong‐Jiang , Fan Cun‐Yi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMany neurotrophic factors have been shown to promote neurite outgrowth by improving the microenvironment that is required for nerve regeneration. However, the delivery of these bioactive agents to the nerve injury site, as well as effective and local release, remains a challenging problem. We have developed a novel composite nerve conduit comprised of poly(lactic acid‐caprolactone) (P(LLA‐CL)) and nerve growth factor (NGF). This was developed from core‐shell structured biodegradable nanofibers, which were fabricated by coaxial electrospinning of P(LLA‐CL) for the shell and bovine serum albumin (BSA) or BSA/NGF for the core. In rats, gaps of 10‐mm long sciatic nerves were bridged using an autograft, an empty P(LLA‐CL) conduit, a NGF injection P(LLA‐CL) conduit, a P(LLA‐CL)/NGF composite conduit, respectively. Regenerated nerve fibers were harvested and morphological and functional evaluation of nerve regeneration was performed at 12 weeks postsurgery. Although partial biodegradation and small cracks in the conduits were observed, the conduit outlines remained intact for 12 weeks after surgery. Based on functional and histological observations, the number and arrangement of regenerated nerve fibers, myelination, and nerve function reconstruction was similar in the P(LLA‐CL)/NGF conduit group to that of the nerve autograft group (p > 0.05), but was significantly greater to the empty P(LLA‐CL) and injection NGF P(LLA‐CL) conduit groups (both p < 0.05). Therefore, the composite P(LLA‐CL)/NGF conduit, which exhibited favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility, could effectively promote sciatic nerve regeneration in rats. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Chondrogenesis in perfusion bioreactors using porous silk scaffolds and hESC‐derived MSCs
Authors: Tığlı R. Seda , Cannizaro Chris , Gümüşderelioğlu Menemşe , Kaplan David L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTissue engineered cartilage can be grown in vitro with the use of cell‐scaffold constructs and bioreactors. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of perfusion bioreactors on the chondrogenic potential of engineered constructs prepared from porous silk fibroin scaffolds seeded with human embryonic stem cell (hESC)‐derived mesencyhmal stem cells (MSCs). After four weeks of incubation, constructs cultured in perfusion bioreactors showed significantly higher amounts of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (p < 0.001), DNA (p < 0.001), total collagen (p < 0.01), and collagen II (p < 0.01) in comparison to static culture. Mechanical stiffness of constructs increased 3.7‐fold under dynamic culture conditions and RT‐PCR results concluded that cells cultured in perfusion bioreactors highly expressed (p < 0.001) cartilage‐related genes when compared with static culture. Distinct differences were noted in tissue morphology, including polygonal extracellular matrix structure of engineered constructs in thin superficial zones and an inner zone under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. The results suggest that the utility of perfusion bioreactors to modulate the growth of tissue‐engineered cartilage and enhance tissue growth in vitro. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Wear behavior and in vitro cytotoxicity of wear debris generated from hydroxyapatite–carbon nanotube composite coating
Authors: Lahiri Debrupa , Benaduce Ana Paula , Rouzaud Francois , Solomon Jonathan , Keshri Anup Kumar , Kos Lidia , Agarwal Arvind 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis work evaluates the effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) addition to plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on its tribological behavior, biocompatibility of the coating, and cytotoxicity of CNT‐containing wear debris. Biological response of the CNT‐containing wear debris is critical for osteoblasts, the bone‐forming cells, and macrophages, the cells that clear up wear debris from blood stream. The addition of 4 wt % CNTs to HA coating reduces the volume of wear debris generation by 80% because of the improved elastic modulus and fracture toughness. CNT reinforcement has a pronounced effect on the particle size in the wear debris and subsequent biological response. There was a slight increase in the numbers and viability of osteoblasts grown on HA–CNT compared with HA alone. The cytotoxic effect of HA and HA–CNT debris to macrophages and osteoblasts was similar, demonstrating that loose CNT does not pose a problem to these cells. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Milk intake and risk of hip fracture in men and women: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A , Dawson-Hughes Bess , Baron John A , Kanis John A , Orav Endel J , Staehelin Hannes B , Kiel Douglas P , Burckhardt Peter , Henschkowski Jana , Spiegelman Donna , Li Ruifeng , Wong John B , Feskanich Diane , Willett Walter C 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Milk contains calcium, phosphorus, and protein and is fortified with vitamin D in the United States. All these ingredients may improve bone health. However, the potential benefit of milk on hip fracture prevention is not well established. The objective of this study was to assess the association of milk intake with risk of hip fracture based on a meta-analysis of cohort studies in middle-aged or older men and women. Data sources for this study were English and non-English publications via Medline (Ovid, PubMed) and EMBASE search up to June 2010, experts in the field, and reference lists. The idea was to compare prospective cohort studies on the same scale so that we could calculate the relative risk (RR) of hip fracture per glass of milk intake daily (approximately 300 mg calcium per glass of milk). Pooled analyses were based on random effects models. The data were extracted by two independent observers. The results show that in women (6 studies, 195,102 women, 3574 hip fractures), there was no overall association between total milk intake and hip fracture risk (pooled RR per glass of milk per day = 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96–1.02; Q-test p = .37). In men (3 studies, 75,149 men, 195 hip fractures), the pooled RR per daily glass of milk was 0.91 (95% CI 0.81–1.01). Our conclusion is that in our meta-analysis of cohort studies, there was no overall association between milk intake and hip fracture risk in women but that more data are needed in men. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A minimal implementation of the AMBER–GAUSSIAN interface for ab initio QM/MM‐MD simulation
Authors: Okamoto Takuya , Yamada Kenta , Koyano Yoshiyuki , Asada Toshio , Koga Nobuaki , Nagaoka Masataka 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFor applying to a number of theoretical methodologies based on an ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) molecular dynamics method connecting AMBER9 with GAUSSIAN03, we have developed an AMBER–GAUSSIAN interface (AG‐IF), which can be one of the simplest architectures. In the AG‐IF, only a few subroutines addition is necessary to retrieve the QM/MM energy and forces, obtained by GAUSSIAN, for solving a set of Newtonian equations of motion in AMBER. It is, therefore, easy to be modified for individual applications since AG‐IF utilizes most of those functions originally equipped not only in AMBER but also in GAUSSIAN. In the present minimal implementation, only AMBER is modified, whereas GAUSSIAN is left unchanged. Moreover, a different method of calculating electrostatic forces of MM atoms interacting with QM region is proposed. Using the AG‐IF, we also demonstrate three examples of application: (i) the QM versus MM comparison in the radial distribution function, (ii) the free energy gradient method, and (iii) the charge from interaction energy and forces. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Theoretical study on the kinetics of OH radical reactions with CH3OOH and CH3CH2OOH
Authors: Luo Jie , Jia Xiujuan , Gao Yang , Song Guicai , Yu Yanbo , Wang Rongshun , Pan Xiumei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe mechanisms and kinetics studies of the OH radical with alkyl hydroperoxides CH3OOH and CH3CH2OOH reactions have been carried out theoretically. The geometries and frequencies of all the stationary points are calculated at the UBHandHLYP/6‐311G(d,p) level, and the energy profiles are further refined by interpolated single‐point energies method at the MC‐QCISD level of theory. For two reactions, five H‐abstraction channels are found and five products (CH3OO, CH2OOH, CH3CH2OO, CH2CH2OOH, and CH3CHOOH) are produced during the above processes. The rate constants for the CH3OOH/CH3CH2OOH + OH reactions are corrected by canonical variational transition state theory within 250–1500 K, and the small‐curvature tunneling is included. The total rate constants are evaluated from the sum of the individual rate constants and the branching ratios are in good agreement with the experimental data. The Arrhenius expressions for the reactions are obtained. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
The temperature intervals with global exchange of replicas empirical accelerated sampling method: Parameter sensitivity and extension to a complex molecular system
Authors: Li Xianfeng , Latour Robert A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe recently developed “temperature intervals with global exchange of replicas” (TIGER2) algorithm is an efficient replica‐exchange sampling algorithm that provides the freedom to specify the number of replicas and temperature levels independently of the size of the system and temperature range to be spanned, thus making it particularly well suited for sampling molecular systems that are considered to be too large to be sampled using conventional replica exchange methods. Although the TIGER2 method is empirical in nature, when appropriately applied it is able to provide sampling that satisfies the balance condition and closely approximates a Boltzmann‐weighted ensemble of states. In this work, we evaluated the influence of factors such as temperature range, temperature spacing, replica number, and sampling cycle design on the accuracy of a TIGER2 simulation based on molecular dynamics simulations of alanine dipeptide in implicit solvent. The influence of these factors is further examined by calculating the properties of a complex system composed of the B1 immunoglobulin‐binding domain of streptococcal protein G (protein G) in aqueous solution. The accuracy of a TIGER2 simulation is particularly sensitive to the maximum temperature level selected for the simulation. A method to determine the appropriate maximum temperature level to be used in a TIGER2 simulation is presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Myoepithelioma of the hand and carpal tunnel: An unusual cause of median nerve compression
Authors: Zamora Carlos Armando , Zamora Moisés Armando , Soto José Domingo , Garcés Miguel Ángel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMyoepitheliomas are rare tumors increasingly recognized to occur in the soft tissues. Although the hand and carpal tunnel are exceptional locations, the presence of these lesions in such sites constitutes a potential cause of debilitating symptoms. We report the case of a patient with severe pain secondary to median nerve compression and displacement of flexor tendons caused by a rapidly growing myoepithelioma. This is the first sonographic description of this tumor producing carpal tunnel syndrome and disabling pain. High‐resolution sonography allowed evaluation of gross tumor morphology and real‐time assessment of its interactions with surrounding structures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Soft tissue volume of upper arm in predicting small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses using three‐dimensional ultrasound
Authors: Chang Chiung‐Hsin , Tsai Pei‐Yin , Yu Chen‐Hsiang , Ko Huei‐Chen , Chang Fong‐Ming 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPurposeTo assess the value of fetal soft tissue volume (STV) of the upper arm in predicting small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses using three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US).MethodsWe used 3D US to test the accuracy of fetal STV of the upper arm measurement in predicting SGA in a prospective cross‐sectional study.ResultsFetal STV of the upper arm assessed by 3D US can differentiate SGA fetuses from appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) fetuses. Using the 5th percentile as the cutoff, the sensitivity of fetal upper arm STV in predicting SGA fetuses was 84.1%, specificity, 93.4%, positive predictive value, 71.1%, negative predictive value, 96.8%, and overall accuracy, 91.9%. In addition, the diagnostic accuracy of fetal arm STV was better than that of the biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, and femur length.ConclusionFetal STV of upper arm assessment by 3D US is a novel method to predict SGA fetuses. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Sonographic appearance of a cholesterol granuloma within a renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma
Authors: Cheng Kai‐Lun , Chang Han , Tsai Chung‐Ming , Tyan Yeu‐Sheng , Tsao Teng‐Fu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present the sonographic characteristics of a rare case of cholesterol granuloma within a renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma (AML) in a 57‐year‐old woman. Sonography showed acoustic shadowing distal to the central region of the AML behind a hyperechoic cholesterol, which was hypoattenuating on CT with no contrast enhancement. Microscopic examination confirmed that this central area was a cholesterol granuloma. The patient was treated successfully with radical nephrectomy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Automated image analysis for tracking cargo transport in axons
Authors: Zhang Kai , Osakada Yasuko , Xie Wenjun , Cui Bianxiao 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe dynamics of cargo movement in axons encodes crucial information about the underlying regulatory mechanisms of the axonal transport process in neurons, a central problem in understanding many neurodegenerative diseases. Quantitative analysis of cargo dynamics in axons usually includes three steps: (1) acquiring time‐lapse image series, (2) localizing individual cargos at each time step, and (3) constructing dynamic trajectories for kinetic analysis. Currently, the later two steps are usually carried out with substantial human intervention. This article presents a method of automatic image analysis aiming for constructing cargo trajectories with higher data processing throughput, better spatial resolution, and minimal human intervention. The method is based on novel applications of several algorithms including 2D kymograph construction, seed points detection, trajectory curve tracing, back‐projection to extract spatial information, and position refining using a 2D Gaussian fitting. This method is sufficiently robust for usage on images with low signal‐to‐noise ratio, such as those from single molecule experiments. The method was experimentally validated by tracking the axonal transport of quantum dot and DiI fluorophore‐labeled vesicles in dorsal root ganglia neurons. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analytic differential approach for robust registration of rat brain histological images
Authors: Hsu Wei‐Yen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractImage registration is an important topic in medical image analysis. It is usually used to reconstruct 3D structure of tissues from a series of microscopic images. However, a variety of inherent factors may result in great differences between acquired slices during imaging even if they are adjacent. The common differences include the color difference and geometry discrepancy, which make the registration problem a difficult challenge. In this study, we propose a robust registration method to automatically reconstruct 3D volume data of the rat brain. It mainly consists of three procedures, including multiscale wavelet‐based feature extraction, analytic robust point matching (ARPM), and registration refinement with feature‐based modified Levenberg‐Marquardt algorithm (FMLM). The product of gradient moduli in multi‐scales is used to decide if extracted feature points are true according to the characteristic that features could exist in multiscale. The ARPM registration algorithm is proposed to speedily accomplish the registration of two point sets with different size by simultaneously evaluating the spatial correspondence and geometrical transformation. In addition, a FMLM method is also proposed to further refine registration results and achieve subpixel accuracy. The FMLM method converges much faster than most other methods due to its feature‐based and nonlinear characteristic. The performance of proposed method is evaluated by comparing it with well‐known thin‐plate spline robust point matching (TPS‐RPM) algorithm. The results indicate that ARPM‐FMLM algorithm is a robust and fast method in image registration. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histological and ultrastructural study of the intracellular behavior of indium in the testicular tissues
Authors: Samira Maghraoui , Ahlem Ayadi , Aouatef Ben Ammar , Habib Jaafoura Mohamed , Leila Tekaya 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIndium, a IIIA group element of the periodic chart, has many medical uses for diagnostic and clinical investigations in humans. This element is also used in industry and in nuclear fields where released streams can contaminate environment. Consequently, indium can reach humans mainly by natural ways. In this work, we attempted to study the incidence of this element on the food intake and body and testicle weights of rat, as well as the histological and the ultrastructural consequences of its presence in testicles using conventional transmission electron microscopy. Our study showed that this element induced a significant decrease in the food intake and body and testicles weights and caused necrosis and vacuolization in germinal cells. The ultrastructural observations showed the presence of electron‐dense deposits characteristic of indium in the lysosomes of Leydig and Sertoli cells as well as sufferance in mitochondria of indium‐treated rats. Despite the role of lysosome in the protection of living cells, by sequestration and concentration of indium in testicle cells under insoluble form, it is probable that this element has noxious effects on food intake and body and testicles weight and induces necrosis on seminal tissues of treated rats. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical and immunochemical characterization of the distribution of leptin‐like proteins in the gastroenteric tract of two teleosts (Dicentrarchus labrax and Carassius auratus L.) with different feeding habits
Authors: Russo Finizia , De Girolamo Paolo , Neglia Simona , Gargiulo Annagiusi , Arcamone Nadia , Gargiulo Giuliana , Varricchio Ettore 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLeptin is a modulator of food intake and energy homeostasis both in mammals and in some species of nonmammals vertebrates. In this study, we reported for the first time, using an immunohistochemical and immunochemical approach, the presence and distribution of immunoreactivity to leptin‐like protein in the gastroenteric tract of Dicentrarchus labrax (bass) and Carassius auratus (goldfish), two teleostean species with different feeding and different adaptative morphological organization of the gastroenteric tract. Bass stomach showed intense immunoreactivity to leptin‐like protein in all regions, with immunoreactive cells located at the base of the mucosal plicae and at the apical margin of the gastric crypts. Immunoreactive fibers and neuronal cells were observed close to vascular structures in the pyloric region. In bass and goldfish intestine, rare immunoreactive cells were observed along the mucosal epithelium mostly at the base or the apex of intestinal folds in the proximal and medium intestine; numerous immunoreactive nerve fibers in the circular and longitudinal layers of the tunica muscolaris as well as in the myenteric plexus were observed. Western blot analysis recognized a ∼15 kDa signal with a similar expression pattern for goldfish and sea bass. Our results could contribute to confirm the evolutive conservation of leptin‐like proteins and their probably precocious functional diversification in fish. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.