bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controverse sur la classification des Activités Physiques et Sportives dans les réformes nationales du collège en France
Authors: Jarnet Loïc 
Published: August 2009

Résumé En Éducation Physique et Sportive (EPS), depuis 1986, une farouche controverse oppose deux groupes d’acteurs à propos de la classification des APS dans les réformes nationales du collège, classification qui a des conséquences majeures sur les contenus essentiels de cette discipline. D’un côté, nous avons l’Inspection générale EPS et le Groupe Technique Disciplinaire, qui tentent de proposer une classification structuraliste des APS ; de l’autre côté, nous avons le Syndicat National de l’Éducation Physique et le courant du sport éducatif, qui s’opposent à ces actions et qui, aidés par certaines forces sociales, parviennent à maintenir une éducation physique sportive fondée sur une classification « désunifiée » des sports. Nous démontrerons qu’il y a en réalité une certaine symétrie entre ces deux camps tant au niveau des facteurs cognitifs que des facteurs sociaux, et tenterons de proposer une issue à cette controverse en en réaménageant le cadre épistémologique.
Comme / comment du latin au français : perspectives diachronique, comparatiste et typologique
Authors: Aslanov Cyril 
Published: August 2009

Résumé La comparaison entre les langues romanes révèle une intéressante dissymétrie entre les langues qui utilisent le même mot pour l’expression du subordonnant « comme » et de l’adverbe interrogatif « comment » et le français qui prend soin de distinguer les deux fonctions à travers l’emploi de comment , clairement distinct de celui de comme . Cette dissymétrie vient s’ajouter à la liste des divergences entre le français et les langues de la Romania continua , et mérite d’être examinée dans une perspective diachronique, afin de tenter de dégager les implications structurelles de la spécificité française sur ce point précis de la non-correspondance entre l’expression de « comment » et de « comme ». Pour ce faire, l’auteur combine les axes diachronique (du latin archaïque au français moderne), comparatiste (latin par rapport aux autres langues indo-européennes ; latin tardif à travers ses diverses spécifications ; ancien français par rapport aux autres langues romanes attestées au Moyen Age ; français moderne par rapport aux autres langues romanes modernes) et typologique (certaines langues, par exemple l’arménien, exprime « comment » par la combinaison de « comme » et de « quoi ? »).
Comment narratif
Authors: Defrancq Bart 
Published: August 2009

Résumé Cette contribution se concentre sur un emploi particulier de comment que l’on trouve derrière un nombre restreint de verbes, tels que raconter , expliquer , voir ou dans des titres d’ouvrages ou d’articles. Cet emploi est appelé « narratif », dans la mesure où comment y dénote une série de procès résumés par la proposition à laquelle il appartient. La recherche exposée vise à déterminer la nature de la proposition qui accompagne comment narratif. Il apparaîtra qu’elle est à rapprocher des interrogatives enchâssées telles que définies dans Defrancq (2005), même si certains emplois ne sont pas enchâssés. La recherche, essentiellement basée sur corpus, permettra également de passer en revue les différentes propriétés syntaxiques et sémantiques qui font de comment narratif un cas spécial parmi ces interrogatives enchâssées.
« Comment n'y ai-je pas songé plus tôt ? », questions rhétoriques en comment
Authors: Desmets Marianne , Gautier Antoine 
Published: August 2009

Résumé Dans cet article nous proposons une analyse constructionnelle des phrases interrogatives en comment dotée d’une lecture rhétorique (IRC). Au plan syntaxique, la structure interrogative présente des restrictions inhabituelles dans ses propriétés d’extraction. Au plan sémantique, l’IRC est une question partielle portant sur les conditions d’accessibilité à un monde où le noyau propositionnel de l’interrogative ( p ) est vrai, et non sur la manière d’un prédicat de p . La présence d’indices contrefactuels contraint le champ des réponses possibles et déclenche une lecture rhétorique qui véhicule l’assertion non (modalité)p . La conjonction de propositions contradictoires ( p et non (modalité)p )) provoque un conflit entre le monde des attentes du locuteur et celui dans lequel p est envisagée comme vraie ; conflit qui est le support d’attitudes émotives telles que la surprise ou l’indignation. Au plan pragmatique, les IRC sont des actes de langage complexes qui associent un commitment questionnant du locuteur à une demande adressée à l’interlocuteur de se commettre au déni de p .
Comment et les expressions indéfinies en n'importe et que ce soit
Authors: Pierrard Michel 
Published: August 2009

Résumé Le français a produit deux séries d’« expressions indéfinies » : les formes « négativement indéfinies », où la proforme indéfinie est reprise par une forme en que ce soit ( je n’ai pas vu qui que ce soit ) et les formes « positivement indéfinies » en n’importe ( n’importe qui doit respecter la loi ). Contrairement à ce qui s’est passé dans d’autres langues (cf. angl. whenever / however et ndl. wanneer ook / hoe ook ) et à ce qui était encore possible en ancien ou en moyen français, (1) a) Quant que ce soit , ou tost ou tart. (Barb.; T.L., 2 : 27) b) Si suis-je trompé si guere d’autres donnent plus à prendre en la matiere : et comment que ce soit , mal ou bien, si nul escrivain l’a semée, ny guere plus ... (Montaigne, Essais , livre 1, chap. 39) le français moderne a restreint les expressions en quand et en comme / comment à la deuxième série. L’étude montre la spécificité de comment par rapport à qui , quoi , etc., et explique pourquoi comment n’entre pas dans l’expression indéfinie ... que ce soit , mais uniquement dans n’importe ... Elle décrit ensuite le fonctionnement sémantique de n’importe comment . French uses two types of indefinite constructions: the « negative indefinites », in which the indefinite proform qu- is completed by the hypothetical concessive clause que ce soit (e.g. je n’ai pas vu qui que ce soit ) and the « positive indefinites », introduced by the verbal element n’importe (e.g. n’importe qui doit respecter la loi ). In contrast to similar constructions in other languages ( cf . English whenever / however and Dutch wanneer ook / hoe ook ) and in Old and Middle French (1) a) Quant que ce soit , ou tost ou tart. (Barb.; T.L., 2 : 27) b) Si suis-je trompé si guere d’autres donnent plus à prendre en la matiere : et comment que ce soit , mal ou bien, si nul escrivain l’a semée, ny guere plus ... ( Montaigne, Essais, livre 1, chap. 39)
Et comment !, entre exclamation et assertion
Authors: Moline Estelle 
Published: August 2009

Résumé Et comment ! peut occuper une position finale détachée ( Je m’assieds comme toi sur les traditions, et comment ! , Abellio) ou, en dialogue, constituer une réplique assertive autonome ( C’était faux ? / Et comment ! , Malraux). Il peut également être suivi d’une conjonctive en que , laquelle reprend, le cas échéant, le contenu propositionnel de l’énoncé ayant provoqué son énonciation ( Va donc gueuler à la cuisine / Et comment que j’vais gueuler ! , Fallet). De ce fait, Et comment ! s’apparente aux adverbes assertifs ( Effectivement , Evidemment , etc ) et évaluatifs ( Heureusement , Malheureusement , etc. ), qui présentent des propriétés analogues. A la différence de ces adverbes cependant, Et comment ! possède une valeur exclamative, dans la mesure où il est en quelque sorte « arraché » à l’énonciateur par la prédication antérieure (emploi relatif), ou par l’acte de langage, en l’occurrence une demande d’assentiment, accompli par l’interlocuteur. Cet emploi assertif de et comment ! est corrélé à l’emploi prototypique de l’adverbe interrogatif comment , dont il est issu par un processus de grammaticalisation.
Les sionismes au 20e siècle, entre contextes et contingences
Authors: Charbit Denis 
Published: August 2009

Résumé Le sionisme fait souvent l’objet d’éloges et de condamnations qui ont en commun de l’expulser hors de l’histoire, alors même qu’il est un produit de l’histoire du 19 e et du 20 e siècle. Né dans le contexte de l’émancipation, du printemps des peuples et de l’antisémitisme, son développement ultérieur sous la forme de l’État d’Israël tient largement aux événements clés du 20 e siècle : la première et la seconde guerre mondiale, la décolonisation et la chute de l’Union soviétique. L’article examine la question récurrente de l’assimilation du sionisme au colonialisme et montre ensuite comment un projet, qui fut révolutionnaire pour le peuple juif après deux mille ans de conscience exilique, a échappé à la tentation totalitaire de nombre de projets révolutionnaires dont le sionisme fut contemporain.
Research and Development of Non-Ferrous Melting Energy
Authors: Prasertsook Somsak 
Published: August 2009

The objective of this research is to develop an existing crucible furnace fueled by diesel fuel into an energy saving LPG fueled furnace. The Non- ferrous melting furnace will be used to melt Aluminium and Copper alloys.
The results of the research are as follows:
1.	The furnace and equipment improvements outlined in this research will save an average fuel cost of 26.90 percent when using diesel oil.
2.	When comparing the use of LPG fuel with diesel oil to melt aluminium alloy, LPG use results in an average cost saving of 43.18 percent as compared to diesel, while copper alloy melting results in an average cost saving of 50.83 percent.
The world energy crisis has impacted economic growth in the developing countries mainly due to the high costs of importing energy such as crude oil from middle eastern countries where the high price of the oil has lead to a higher cost of products.
Thus manufacturers must consider this when embarking of significant capital expenditure.
It is believed that alternative energy is the way to relieve the energy crisis situation. Using suitable energy is one way to save on production costs. Foundries which produce non - ferrous metals such as aluminium and copper Alloy still use oil crucible furnaces as the source of heat energy. If they change the energy source from oil to be liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) the melting cost will be decreased.
This research was the experimentally conducted by melting non - ferrous metals within a crucible furnace using either LPG or diesel oil and then comparing the consumption levels. Before the experiment we modified an existing crucible furnace which used diesel oil to be the experiment furnace. However for reference data this researcher took the Capacity table of crucible furnaces from Pyro - Industrial Systems Company U.S.A.
Monocrotaline‐Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Wistar Rats
Authors: Rey Markus , Hess Patrick , Clozel Martine 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating and often fatal disease characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance that leads to right ventricular failure. Described in this unit is an in vivo model of monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary hypertension in rats that can be used to assess the effects of antihypertensive agents on pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 46:5.56.1‐5.56.11. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Detecting concealed information with reaction times: Validity and comparison with the polygraph
Authors: Verschuere Bruno , Crombez Geert , Degrootte Tessie , Rosseel Yves 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe Concealed Information Test is used to assess recognition of information that the examinee cannot or does not want to reveal. Physiological measures recorded with the polygraph have shown to be highly valid measures of concealed information. Research suggests that a reaction‐time (RT) based test may also successfully reveal concealed information. Due to its simplicity, an RT‐based test has great advantages for applied testing. In the present study, we assessed the validity of the RT‐based test for concealed information detection, and compared its discriminative power with the polygraph. Thirty two participants in a feigned amnesia study were promised a financial reward when successfully concealing autobiographical information. Participants performed an RT‐based test, and a polygraph test. The data support the validity of the RT‐based test for concealed information detection, and indicate its discriminative power is similar to the polygraph. Our data confirm the potential of the RT‐based test. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observation of a Charge Transfer State in Low‐Bandgap Polymer/Fullerene Blend Systems by Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence Studies
Authors: Zhou Yi , Tvingstedt Kristofer , Zhang Fengling , Du Chunxia , Ni Wei‐Xin , Andersson Mats R. , Inganäs Olle 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe presence of charge transfer states generated by the interaction between the fullerene acceptor PCBM and two alternating copolymers of fluorene with donor–acceptor–donor comonomers are reported; the generation leads to modifications in the polymer bandgap and electronic structure. In one of polymer/fullerene blends, the driving force for photocurrent generation, i.e., the gap between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of the donor and acceptor, is only 0.1 eV, but photocurrent is generated. It is shown that the presence of a charge transfer state is more important than the driving force. The charge transfer states are visible through new emission peaks in the photoluminescence spectra and through electroluminescence at a forward bias. The photoluminescence can be quenched under reverse bias, and can be directly correlated to the mechanism of photocurrent generation. The excited charge transfer state is easily dissociated into free charge carriers, and is an important intermediate state through which free charge carriers are generated.
Modeling Polymer Dielectric/Pentacene Interfaces: On the Role of Electrostatic Energy Disorder on Charge Carrier Mobility
Authors: Martinelli Nicolas G. , Savini Matteo , Muccioli Luca , Olivier Yoann , Castet Frédéric , Zannoni Claudio , Beljonne David , Cornil Jérôme 
Published: September 2009

AbstractForce‐field and quantum‐chemical calculations are combined to model the packing of pentacene molecules at the atomic level on two polymer dielectric layers (poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) versus polystyrene (PS)) widely used in field‐effect transistors and to assess the impact of electrostatic interactions at the interface on the charge mobility values in the pentacene layers. The results show unambiguously that the electrostatic interactions introduce a significant energetic disorder in the pentacene layer in contact with the polymer chains; a drop in the hole mobility by a factor of 5 is predicted with PS chains while a factor of 60 is obtained for PMMA due to the presence of polar carbonyl groups.
Mesomelic dysplasia with acral synostoses Verloes–David–Pfeiffer type: Follow‐up study documents progressive clinical course
Authors: Isidor Bertrand , Hamel Antoine , Plasschaert Frank , Claus Lieve , Mercier Jacques‐Marie , Mortier Geert R. , Leroy Jules G. , Verloes Alain , David Albert 
Published: September 2009

AbstractVerloes–David–Pfeiffer mesomelia‐synostoses syndrome is an autosomal‐dominant form of mesomelic dysplasia comprising typical acral synostoses combined with ptosis, hypertelorism, palatal abnormality, CHD, and ureteral anomalies. Since the original reports in 1995, two other patients have been described with this syndrome, one of them the patient reported in 1998 by Day‐Salvatore. In this article, we report on the follow‐up of some of the original cases and review the literature. We confirm that the Verloes–David–Pfeiffer syndrome (VDPS) is a progressive skeletal disorder that despite repeated corrective surgical intervention leads to severe limb deformities. No mutations were detected in the FLNB gene. To date, the cause and the pathogenesis of VDPS remain unknown. The latter is characterized in this study as a syndromic type of skeletal dysplasia because besides congenital malformations and multiple acromelic synostoses arising prenatally, VDPS manifests in postnatal life as a severe osteochondrodysplasia. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Promoter variants of the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1) in interaction with 5‐HTTLPR affect the anxious phenotype
Authors: Lazary Judit , Lazary Aron , Gonda Xenia , Benko Anita , Molnar Eszter , Hunyady Laszlo , Juhasz Gabriella , Bagdy Gyorgy 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAnxiety is a polygenic condition, and the recently discovered Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is one plausible candidate. Experimental data suggest that the ECS can modulate several neurotransmitter systems, including the serotonergic system, which itself plays a significant role in anxiety. However, to date there is no evidence of gene–gene interactions; indeed genetic studies focusing separately on the two systems provide conflicting data. Thus, the aim of our study was to analyze the interaction of the promoter regions of the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) genes on anxiety. We genotyped 706 individuals for the 5‐HTTLPR in the SLC6A4 promoter and 4 SNPs located in the CNR1 promoter region. Anxiety was measured by the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI‐S, STAI‐T), the anxiety subscale of TEMPS‐A (TEMPS‐Anx), and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI‐Anx). Significant 5‐HTTLPR x CNR1 promoter‐promoter interaction was observed using STAI‐T (P = 0.0006) and TEMPS‐Anx (P = 0.0013). The risk of high anxiety scores on BSI‐Anx was 4.6‐fold greater in homozygous 'GG' rs2180619 in combination with homozygous ‘SS’ 5‐HTTLPR (P = 0.0005) compared to other genotypes. The effect of previously described “TGC” haplotype in the alternative promoter of CNR1 depended both on the conventional promoter polymorphism and the 5‐HTTLPR. Our haplotype and putative transcription binding profile analyses strongly suggest that certain constellations of CB1‐receptor and 5‐HTT promoters yield extremely high or low synaptic 5‐HT concentrations, and these are associated with an anxious phenotype. In conclusion, genetically determined serotonergic and endocannabinoid dysfunctions could lead to a vulnerability causing anxiety disorders and possibly depression. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significant association between the C(−1019)G functional polymorphism of the HTR1A gene and impulsivity
Authors: Benko Anita , Lazary Judit , Molnar Eszter , Gonda Xenia , Tothfalusi Laszlo , Pap Dorottya , Mirnics Zsuzsanna , Kurimay Tamas , Chase Diana , Juhasz Gabriella , Anderson Ian M. , Deakin John F.W. , Bagdy Gyorgy 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSerotonin‐1A (5‐HT1A) receptors are known to play a role in impulsivity‐related behavior. The C(−1019)G functional polymorphism (rs6295) has been suggested to regulate the 5‐HT1A receptor gene (HTR1A) expression in presynaptic raphe neurons, namely, increased receptor concentration and reduced neuronal firing could be associated with the G allele. Previous studies indicate that this polymorphism is associated with aggression, suicide, and several psychiatric disorders, yet its association with impulsivity has rarely been investigated. We studied the relationship between impulsivity and the C(−1019)G polymorphism of the HTR1A in a population sample of 725 volunteers using the Impulsiveness subscale (IVE‐I) of the Eysenck Impulsiveness, Venturesomeness, and Empathy scale and also the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS‐11). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with age and gender as covariates and Tukey's HSD post‐hoc test. Post‐hoc analysis revealed that the study had 0.958 power to detect 0.15 effect size. Significant differences between the C(−1019)G genotype groups (GG vs. GC vs. CC) were found. Subjects carrying GG genotype showed significantly higher impulsiveness scores compared to GC or CC carriers for the IVE‐I scale (P = 0.014), for the Motor (P = 0.021), Cognitive Impulsiveness (P = 0.002), and for the BIS total score (P = 0.008) but not for the Nonplanning Impulsiveness (P = 0.520) subscale of the BIS‐11. Our results suggest the involvement of the HTR1A in the continuum phenotype of impulsivity. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Digestion in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a gummivore–frugivore
Authors: Power Michael L. , Myers E. Wilson 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) feed on fruits, insects, and gums, all of which provide different digestive challenges. Much of the ingested mass of fruits consists of seeds. In general, seeds represent indigestible bulk to marmosets and could inhibit feeding if they are not eliminated rapidly. In contrast, gums are β‐linked polysaccharides that require microbial fermentation. Their digestion would benefit from an extended residence time within the gut. Earlier research found that mean retention time (MRT) for a liquid digestive marker (cobalt EDTA) was significantly longer than MRT for a particulate marker (chromium‐mordanted fiber), suggesting that common marmosets preferentially retain liquid digesta. We conducted two four‐day‐long digestion trials on 13 individually housed adult common marmosets fed a single‐item, purified diet in order to examine the relations among MRT of cobalt EDTA and chromium‐mordanted fiber, food dry matter intake (DMI), and apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM). We compared the MRT values with the data from the previous study mentioned above and a study using polystyrene beads. There were no significant correlations among MRT, ADDM, or DMI, although increases in DMI between trials were associated with decreases in MRT. ADDM was consistent within individuals between trials; but the mean values ranged from 75.0 to 83.4% among individuals. We found no difference in MRT between the liquid (17.5±1.6 hr) and particulate (17.9±1.4 hr) markers. Although these values were not significantly different than found previously, the MRT for chromium‐mordanted fiber tended to be longer. This probably reflects the relatively small size of the chromium‐mordanted fiber particles used in this study. An inverse relationship between particle size and MRT was evident; the mean MRT of polysterene beads, the largest marker, was only 8.3±1.5 hr. Marmosets appear to retain liquids and small particles within the gut longer than large particles. Am. J. Primatol. 71:957–963, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oil‐absorptive polymeric networks based on dispersed oleophilized nanolayers of laponite within ethylene–propylene–diene monomer vulcanizates
Authors: Essawy H. A. , Essa M. M. , Abdeen Z. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractOil‐absorptive polymeric nanocomposites were prepared through the melt blending of soft oleophilic ethylene–propylene–diene monomer and stearyl acrylate as a hydrophobic monomer in the absence and presence of different loadings of untreated and oleophilized laponites with quaternary ammonium salts of n‐alkylamines of different chain lengths (C10, C12, and C16) with dicumyl peroxide as a vulcanizing agent. The samples were then vulcanized at 152°C according to the determined rheometric characteristics to produce nanocomposite vulcanizates of an exfoliated type with limited cavities as revealed by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The produced vulcanizates were evaluated as oil‐absorptive polymeric networks and proved to be efficient oil sorbents of moderate activity. The oil absorptivity was examined with respect to the stearyl acrylate grafting, the types of oleophilizing agents of clay in comparison with the bare clay, and the clay loading and crosslink density. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010