bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tolerability of everolimus‐based immunosuppression in maintenance liver transplant recipients
Authors: Vallin Mélanie , Guillaud Olivier , Morard Isabelle , Gagnieu Marie‐Claude , Mentha Gilles , Adham Mustapha , Morelon Emmanuel , Boillot Olivier , Giostra Emiliano , Dumortier Jérôme 
Published: December 2010

Vallin M, Guillaud O, Morard I, Gagnieu M‐C, Mentha G, Adham M, Morelon E, Boillot O, Giostra E, Dumortier J. Tolerability of everolimus‐based immunosuppression in maintenance liver transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 660–669. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerability of the conversion from calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) to everolimus (ERL) in maintenance liver transplant (LT) recipients.Methods: From January 2005 to March 2008, ERL was introduced after LT as maintenance immunosuppressive therapy because of (i)de novoor recurrent cancer after LT, (ii) pre‐existing liver carcinoma on the liver explant or (iii) CNI toxicity. CNI dosage was progressively reduced until discontinuation.Results: The study population included 94 patients, of mean age 57 ± 10. The mean delay between LT and ERL introduction was 5 ± 5 yr. After a mean follow‐up of 12 ± 7 months, 70% of the patients did present at least one side effect. The mean trough level of ERL was 6 μg/L at the end of follow‐up. Main side effects included hyperlipidemia (37%), dermatitis (19%), mucositis (15%), and proteinuria (18%). Biopsy‐proven acute rejection occurred in 9% of patients. Global ERL discontinuation rate was 21% (16% because of side effects).Conclusions: The results of our experience indicate that conversion to ERL is associated with adverse effects in 70% of patients leading to drug discontinuation in 16% (and amenable to dose reduction in the remainders). Longer follow‐up periods are necessary to capture the impact of ERL fully on renal function and survival in cancer patients.
Prevention of lamivudine‐resistant hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation with entecavir plus tenofovir combination therapy and perioperative hepatitis B immunoglobulin only
Authors: Karlas T. , Hartmann J. , Weimann A. , Maier M. , Bartels M. , Jonas S. , Mössner J. , Berg T. , Tillmann H.L. , Wiegand J. 
Published: December 2010

T. Karlas, J. Hartmann, A. Weimann, M. Maier, M. Bartels, S. Jonas, J. Mössner, T. Berg, H.L. Tillmann, J. Wiegand. Prevention of lamivudine‐resistant hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation with entecavir plus tenofovir combination therapy and perioperative hepatitis B immunoglobulin only. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 299–302. All rights reservedAbstract: Combination therapy with antivirals plus hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) has become the standard treatment for prevention of post‐liver transplant hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence. However, HBIg therapy is inconvenient and expensive. Alternative therapeutic approaches with modern nucleos(t)ide analogues are limited so far. The present case report describes prevention of HBV recurrence with entecavir and tenofovir. A 48‐year‐old male patient with hepatitis B‐induced decompensated liver cirrhosis initially improved on lamivudine (LAM) until LAM resistance (rtL180M and rtM204V) emerged followed by renewed decompensation. Therefore, tenofovir was added to LAM leading to undetectable HBV DNA (<200 copies/mL). Six months later, low‐level viremia (479 copies/mL) was detected. Treatment was escalated to tenofovir plus entecavir. HBV DNA became negative again, and the patient underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. HBIg was administered during transplantation (10,000 IU) and on the second and third postoperative days (total dose 26,000 IU). Subsequently, the anti‐hepatitis B surface (HBs) titer rose to 1477 IU/L at day 4 post transplantation. Although HBIg should have been continued, the patient remained on combination therapy with tenofovir plus entecavir only. The anti‐HBs titer decreased and became negative 4 months later. However, under continued combination therapy with oral antivirals, HBV DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen remained negative during the entire follow‐up of 21 months after liver transplantation. Combination therapy with entecavir plus tenofovir may prevent post‐liver transplant hepatitis B recurrence even without HBIg maintenance therapy. This case illustrates that combination oral antiviral therapy might substitute for HBIg as indefinite prophylactic regimen due to profound antiviral efficacy and low risk of viral resistance. Efficacy and safety must be further investigated in randomized controlled trials.
Optimum dose of ginger root oil to treat sterile Mediterranean fruit fly males (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Paranhos B. J. , McInnis D. , Morelli R. , Castro R. M. , Garziera L. , Paranhos L. G. , Costa K. , Gava C. , Costa M. L. Z. , Walder J. M. M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sterile insect technique (SIT) is widely used as part of an integrated approach to reduce field populations of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata, Diptera: Tephritidae). Aromatherapy based on exposure to ginger root oil (GRO) volatiles is known as a method to significantly improve the sexual performance of sterile medfly males, and is being used in many mass‐rearing facilities around the world. However, the optimum dose of GRO is not well defined. This work evaluated in laboratory cages four different doses of GRO and a control (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 ml/m3), and two different methods to hold flies prior to release (paper bags and plastic cages). The objective was to find the lowest dose that provides optimal improvement in mating performance of sterile males when competing with wild males for wild females and optimal reduction in fertility of wild females. Egg hatch, copula duration, the Relative Sterility Index (RSI), and a Competitiveness (C) value (based on RSI) were calculated for each treatment to assess male sexual performance and induction of sterility. The method used to hold flies did not influence the aromatherapy effect. The mean time spent by wild females in copula with wild males was significantly longer than with sterile males for all treatments, except when sterile males were treated with 0.1 ml of GRO/m3. Amongst all doses studied, it is recommended to apply the lowest dose, 0.1 ml of GRO/m3, since at this dose both the RSI and induced sterility reached the highest levels, and were not statistically different from the 0.25 and 0.5 GRO/m3 doses. Indeed, this dose showed a very significant improvement in the mating competitiveness of sterile males aromatically treated with GRO.
Identification of QTLs for seed dormancy in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Xie Kun , Jiang Ling , Lu BingYue , Yang ChunYan , Li LinFang , Liu Xi , Zhang Long , Zhao ZhiGang , Wan JianMin 
Published: December 2010

With 3 figures and 3 tablesAbstractPreharvest sprouting (PHS) can damage end‐use quality in a number of cereal crop species. The trait is closely related to seed dormancy, for which there is known genetic variation in rice and other cereals. A set of 122 back‐cross‐inbred lines from the cross of ‘N22’ (indica, strongly dormant) and ‘Nanjing 35’ (japonica, no‐dormant) were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed dormancy. Three QTL were detected on chromosomes 1, 2 and 3, and the proportion of the phenotypic variance explained by each was 18%, 8% and 7%. At all three loci, the dormancy‐increasing allele was inherited from cv. ‘N22’. To map the chromosome 1 locus qSd‐1 more precisely, an advanced back‐cross (BC6F2) population was developed. The result of this population indicated that qSd‐1 is in fact a pair of distinct, linked loci qSd‐1‐1 and qSd‐1‐2, which act additively to promote dormancy. Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) closely linked to each of the QTL identified should allow for the marker‐assisted transfer of the dormancy shown by cv. ‘N22’ for the improvement of the PHS of low dormancy cultivars.
Is the ultrasound‐estimated bladder weight a reliable method for evaluating bladder outlet obstruction?
Authors: Almeida Fernando G. , Freitas Danielo G. , Bruschini Homero 
Published: December 2010

Study Type – Diagnostic (case series)Level of Evidence 4What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Based on the observation of bladder mass increase in BOO animal models, it has been suggested that it could be possible to determine the presence of male bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) by ultrasound estimated bladder weight (UEBW). In the present study, we tried to reproduce the results correlating UEBW and BOO without success. Furthermore, we could not find any correlation of UEBW and IPSS.Despite some studies emphasizing the value of UEBW as an efficient non‐invasive method to evaluate lower urinary tract obstruction, our data demonstrate that UEBW did not present any individual correlation with clinical and urodynamic BOO.OBJECTIVE• To evaluate the correlation between ultrasound‐estimated bladder weight (UEBW) in patients with different degrees of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).METHODS• We evaluated 50 consecutive non‐neurogenic male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) referred to urodynamic study (UDS). All patients self‐answered the International Prostate Score Symptoms (IPSS) questionnaire. After the UDS, the bladder was filled with 150 mL to determine UEBW.• Patients with a bladder capacity under 150 mL, a previous history of prostate surgery or pelvic irradiation, an IPSS score <8, a bladder stone or urinary tract infection were excluded.• After a pressure–flow study, the Schafer linear passive urethral resistance relation nomogram was plotted to determine the grade of obstruction: Grades I–II/VI were defined as mild obstruction, Grades III–IV/VI as moderate obstruction, and Grades V–VI/VI as severe obstruction.RESULTS• The UEBW was 51.7 ± 26.9, 54.1 ± 30.0 and 54.8 ± 28.2 in patients with mild, moderate and severe BOO, respectively (P= 0.130). The UEBW allowed us to define four groups: (i) UEBW <35 g; (ii) 35 g ≤ UEBW < 50 g; (iii) 50 g ≤ UEBW < 70 g; and (4) UEBW ≥ 70 g.• We did not find any differences in age, prostate weight, IPSS, PVR, cystometric bladder capacity, presence of detrusor overactive and degree of obstruction in the aforementioned groups.CONCLUSION• Despite the fact that some studies have emphasized the value of UEBW as an efficient non‐invasive method for evaluating lower urinary tract obstruction, our study suggests that UEBW does not present any individual correlation with LUTS or objective measurements of BOO.
The extent of tumour fat invasion affects survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumour thrombosis
Authors: Bertini Roberto , Roscigno Marco , Freschi Massimo , Angiolilli Diego , Strada Elena , Petralia Giovanni , Sozzi Francesco , Capitanio Umberto , Cremonini Anna , Rigatti Patrizio 
Published: December 2010

Study Type – Prognosis (case series)Level of Evidence 4What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Several studies have investigated the role of renal fat invasion in RCC with neoplastic thrombus. Our study confirmed that the simultaneous presence of TFI and VTT was associated with higher risk of CSM than the presence of VTT alone.We demonstrated for the first time that patients with either PFI or RSFI had a two‐fold increased risk of CSM compared with patients with VTT alone. Moreover, the combination of PFI and RSFI was associated with a three‐fold risk of CSM.OBJECTIVE• To investigate the effect of presence and extent of tumour fat invasion (TFI) – perinephric invasion (PFI), renal sinus fat invasion (RSFI) or both PFI and RSFI – on cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and venous tumour thrombus (VTT).METHODS• We examined 184 consecutive patients with RCC with VTT treated with nephrectomy between 1987 and 2007. Associations with CSM were evaluated by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models.RESULTS• Median follow up was 21 months. The 5‐year CSM‐free survival estimates were 75%, 36% and 20% in patients with VTT without TFI, those with VTT with PFI or RSFI, and those with VTT with both PFI and RSFI, respectively (P < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, presence of either PFI or RSFI was associated with a two‐fold increased risk of CSM, whereas presence of both PFI and RSFI was associated with a three‐fold increased risk of CSM, relative to VTT‐only cases.• The inclusion of the variable describing the presence and extent of TFI in a base model including pT stage, Fuhrman grade and presence of nodal disease and metastatic disease significantly increased the accuracy in predicting CSM (+2.1%; P < 0.001) in patients with VTT.CONCLUSIONS• Patients affected by RCC with VTT and TFI have a higher risk of CSM relative to cases with VTT only. Patients with both PFI and RSFI showed increased CSM compared with patients with either PFI or RSFI.• Our results suggest TFI should be accurately evaluated and included in routine pathological reports to provide better patient risk stratification.
Long‐term results of percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treatment of staghorn stones
Authors: EL‐Nahas Ahmed R. , Eraky Ibrahim , Shokeir Ahmed A , Shoma Ahmed M. , EL‐Assmy Ahmed M. , EL‐Tabey Nasr A. , EL‐Kappany Hamdy A. , EL‐Kenawy Mahmoud R. 
Published: December 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Short‐term results; as stone‐free and complication rates; of percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treatment of staghorn stones.Long‐term results of PNL; as recurrence rate and differential renal functional changes for treatment of staghorn stones with focus.OBJECTIVE• To study long‐term results of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for treatment of staghorn stones.PATIENTS AND METHODS• The records of patients who underwent PNL for staghorn stones between January 1998 and January 2008 were retrospectively reviewed.• Patients who completed follow‐up for one year or more were included. Follow‐up with KUB and renal ultrasonography were performed every 3–6 months.• Renal radioisotopic scan was performed for patients who had already undergone this study before doing PNL.RESULTS• The study included 122 patients (69 male and 53 female) with mean age 47.6 ± 14.5 years (5–74). They underwent 126 PNL.• Perioperative complications were encountered in 28 procedures (22%). The mean period of follow‐up was 3.5 ± 2.3 years (1–11.3). Among 71 stone‐free kidneys, 18 (25%) developed stone recurrence. Of 55 kidneys with residuals at the start of follow‐up, 36 (65%) showed growth of these residuals.• Preoperative and postoperative renograms were performed for 71 patients.• At the last follow‐up, differential GFR was stable in 53 (74.5%), improved in 12 (17%) and deteriorated in 6 (8.5%). Among patients with deteriorated renal function, 3 had undergone embolization to control severe bleeding, one developed secondary UPJO, and one had recurrent stone obstructing the kidney.CONCLUSION• Long‐term functional results of PNL for staghorn stones are satisfactory as 91.5% of kidneys showed stable or improved GFR. Long‐term follow‐up is mandatory especially for patients with residual stones.
Metachronous renal tumours after surgical management of oncocytoma
Authors: Childs M. Adam , Breau Rodney H. , Umbreit Eric C. , Lohse Christine M. , Cheville John C. , Thompson R. Houston , Blute Michael L. , Leibovich Bradley C. 
Published: December 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Oncocytoma is a benign renal tumour that cannot be differentiated from renal cell carcinoma radiographically. Follow‐up after surgery for oncocytoma is highly variable and the natural history of surgically treated renal oncocytoma is poorly defined. We sought to assess the risk of metachronous renal tumours in a cohort of patients treated surgically for renal oncocytoma.We report a large cohort of oncocytoma patients following surgical management. This study defines the risk of metachronous renal tumours after surgical treatment of renal oncocytoma. Our findings suggest that patients with metachronous renal tumours after treatment of renal oncocytoma may have a smaller risk of renal cell carcinoma compared with patients presenting with a primary renal mass. Our findings did not support concern for increased risk of renal cell carcinoma following surgical treatment of primary renal oncocytoma.OBJECTIVE• To assess the risk of metachronous renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and benign renal tumours after surgical treatment of primary renal oncocytoma.PATIENTS AND METHODS• Patients treated for primary renal oncocytoma between 1970 and 2007 were identified. Tumours were reviewed by a urological pathologist and patients were followed for subsequent renal tumours.RESULTS• Of 424 patients with a median follow up of 7.1 year, 17 (4.0%) patients were diagnosed with a metachronous renal tumour at a median of 3.0 years (range 0.3–16 years). Of the 17 metachronous tumours, eight were oncocytoma, four were RCC and five were not resected or biopsied.• Eleven metachronous tumours occurred after solitary unilateral oncocytoma, five occurred after multifocal unilateral oncocytoma, and one occurred after multifocal bilateral oncocytoma.• Estimated 10‐year tumour‐free and RCC tumour‐free survival was 94.8% and 98.7%, respectively. Patients with primary multifocal oncocytoma were at higher risk of metachronous tumour (hazard ratio 4.0; P = 0.007). Initial oncocytoma size (hazard ratio 1.1; P = 0.11) was not highly associated with risk of tumour recurrence.CONCLUSIONS• To our knowledge, we report the largest cohort of oncocytoma after surgical management. Metachronous renal neoplasm in a patient with previous oncocytoma is more likely to be benign compared with patients who present with a renal tumour for the first time. Multifocal primary oncocytoma is associated with metachronous renal tumours.• Overall, the risk of metachronous RCC in a patient with an oncocytoma is similar to that of the general population, which does not support the use of routine cross‐sectioning imaging surveillance.
The influence of family history on prostate cancer risk: implications for clinical management
Authors: Madersbacher Stephan , Alcaraz Antonio , Emberton Mark , Hammerer Peter , Ponholzer Anton , Schröder Fritz H. , Tubaro Andrea 
Published: December 2010

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? A family history of prostate cancer has long been identified as an important risk factor for developing the disease. This risk factor can be easily assessed in clinical practice and current guidelines recommend to initiate prostate cancer early detection 5 years earlier (i.e. around the age of 40 years) than in men without a positive family history.This review elucidates the close association between the proximity of relatedness, greater number of affected family members and earlier age at diagnosis of the family members and prostate cancer risk. The evidence for prostate cancer risk reduction by 5α‐reductase inhibitors has potential to expand management options for men at high risk for developing prostate cancer beyond more frequent and/or earlier surveillance.• The most recent evidence for the link between a family history of prostate cancer and individual risk for future disease was examined, with the aim of understanding what the existence and nature of a family history of prostate cancer does to a man’s risk of developing the disease.• Our findings highlighted the clear association between a family history of prostate cancer and increased risk of developing the disease; with a greater proximity of relatedness, greater number of family members affected and/or earlier age at diagnosis of the family member elevating risk further.• These findings have important clinical implications for the identification and subsequent management of men deemed to be at increased risk of developing prostate cancer. The evidence for prostate cancer risk reduction with the mono 5α‐reductase inhibitor (5ARI) finasteride in a low‐risk population and, more recently, with the dual 5ARI dutasteride in a population at increased risk of developing the disease, has potential to expand management options for men at risk of developing prostate cancer beyond more frequent and/or earlier surveillance.• Given that family history can be easily assessed in routine clinical practice, it should be regarded as an important parameter to consider alongside PSA level for prostate cancer risk assessment.
Maternal and paternal plasma, salivary, and urinary oxytocin and parent–infant synchrony: considering stress and affiliation components of human bonding
Authors: Feldman Ruth , Gordon Ilanit , Zagoory‐Sharon Orna 
Published: December 2010

AbstractStudies in mammals have implicated the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) in processes of bond formation and stress modulation, yet the involvement of OT in human bonding throughout life remains poorly understood. We assessed OT in the plasma, saliva, and urine of 112 mothers and fathers interacting with their 4–6‐month‐old infants. Parent–infant interactions were micro‐coded for parent and child’s social behaviors and for the temporal coordination of their socio‐affective cues. Parents were interviewed regarding their attachment to the infant and reported on bonding to own parents, romantic attachment, and parenting stress. Results indicated that OT in plasma (pOT) and saliva (sOT) were inter‐related and were unrelated to OT in urine (uOT). pOT and sOT in mothers and fathers were associated with parent and child’s social engagement, affect synchrony, and positive communicative sequences between parent and child. uOT was related to moments of interactive stress among mothers only, indexed by the co‐occurrence of infant negative engagement and mother re‐engagement attempts. pOT and sOT were associated with mothers’ and fathers’ attachment relationships throughout life: to own parents, partner, and infant, whereas uOT correlated with relationship anxiety and parenting stress among mothers only. Similar to other mammals, OT is involved in human attachment and contingent parenting. The dual role of OT in stress and affiliation underscores its complex involvement in processes of social bonding throughout life.
Early development of object unity: evidence for perceptual completion in newborns
Authors: Valenza Eloisa , Bulf Hermann 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate whether perceptual completion is available at birth, in the absence of any visual experience. An extremely underspecified kinetic visual display composed of four spatially separated fragments arranged to give rise to an illusory rectangle that occluded a vertical rod (illusory condition) or rotated so as not to elicit perceptual grouping (control condition) was constructed. After newborns’ ability to detect the particular kind of rod‐and‐box display used in the present study had been probed (Experiment 1), they were habituated to the illusory rod‐and‐box display (Experiment 2), to the control display that did not contain illusory contours (Experiment 3), and to a standard real rod‐and‐box display akin to those used in previous infants’ studies (Experiment 4). Newborns perceived the rod as a connected unit either in the illusory condition (Experiment 2) or in the real condition (Experiment 4), as documented by a preference for a broken rod over a complete rod during the test phase, but not when the occluder was absent (Experiment 3). In all experiments newborns showed no preference between the two test stimuli (control condition), avoiding the possibility that newborns have a spontaneous preference for one test display over the other. Overall, the results of the present study provide evidence that the ability to achieve object unity (1) stems from intrinsic properties of the human perceptual system and (2) is operative from birth, given the right conditions.