bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social and Spatial Dimensions of Demographic Processes in Beijing Municipality at the Turn of the 21ST Century
Authors: Chaberko Tomasz , Fedirko Anna , Kretowicz Paweł 
Published: September 2011

Social and Spatial Dimensions of Demographic Processes in Beijing Municipality at the Turn of the 21ST Century
This study focuses on the demographic processes in Beijing Municipality at the turn of the 21st century and attempts to evaluate a role of China's social policies upon contemporary population changes. Two main determinants influencing present demographic characteristics were taken into consideration: the immigration of temporary workers and one-child policy. Socio-economic processes in Beijing are accompanied by the rapid changes of urban physiognomy as a result of immense city development (new industrial and residential areas) and new investments prepared for the 2008 Olympics. A spatial typology of socio-demographic changes between 1997 and 2007 was created in order to distinguish areas of different demographic and social development. Concluding remarks of this study highlight main characteristics and determinants of Beijing Municipality demographic features and a pace of their changes. Evidences typically found in Beijing clearly show a crucial role of market economy elements which have a great effect upon socio-spatial urban expansion.
The Goods Structure of Trade between Polish Regions and the European Union (1)
Authors: Maćkowiak Henryk 
Published: September 2011

The Goods Structure of Trade between Polish Regions and the European Union (1)
The goal of this article is to present the structure of trade between Polish regions (voivodships) and the European Union. The research is a dynamic analysis making it possible to compare the time before and after the expansion of the European Union. The timeframe of the discussed issues relates to 1999-2007. Attention is paid to the scale and diversified nature of the changes to the goods structure of export and import activities undertaken by Polish voivodships to (from) the European Union. The analysis is preceded by the characteristics of the European Union's role in trade of specific regions. Finally, the degree of intra-industry specialization is evaluated as is the trend in changes to the trade between Polish regions and European Union countries.
Process of Ageing of Śląskie Voivodship Population Until 2035
Authors: Sojka Elżbieta 
Published: September 2011

Process of Ageing of Śląskie Voivodship Population Until 2035
The article presents changes in the structure of population by age in Śląskie voivodship between 1990 and 2035. The similarity of structures has been studied with the use of taxonomic algorithm and the time distributions of senility and load indices of the population in general while taking sex and place of residence into consideration have been presented. The process of population ageing is more and more intensive. Less and less numerous age groups that reach the productive age and more and more numerous age groups that enter the retirement age show that Śląskie voivodship, similarly to the whole area of Poland and other European countries, will have to face the problem of population ageing. This challenge is particularly hard to confront because of the low level of professional activity of the people over 50 years of age.
Typology of Suburban Communities in Poland
Authors: Zębik Grzegorz 
Published: September 2011

Typology of Suburban Communities in PolandThe paper presents an attempt to classify new and existing suburban communities in Poland based on spatial patterns and comparisons with suburbs in the United States. Fifteen types of Polish suburban communities are identified in the paper. As large-scale suburban development is a relatively new phenomenon in Poland, most Polish suburban communities will continue to evolve over time and make the transition from one community type to another. An understanding of each type of suburban community may help local governments assist the communities they serve in the process of creating infrastructure and jobs for a growing population.
Effect of UV-B radiations on the pigments of two Antarctic lichens of Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica
Authors: Gautam Sanghdeep , Singh Jaswant , Pant Aditya 
Published: September 2011

Effect of UV-B radiations on the pigments of two Antarctic lichens of Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica
Antarctic plants experience UV-B stress and for their survival they have been showing various adaptive strategies. The first line of defence is to screen UV-B radiation before it reaches the cell, then to minimize damage within the cells through other protective strategies, and finally to repair damage once it has occurred. A fifteen days experiment was designed to study lichen: Dermatocarpon sp. and Acarospora gwynnii under natural UV and below UV filter frames in the Indian Antarctic Station Maitri region of Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica. Changes in UV absorbing compounds, total phenolics, total carotenoids and chlorophyll content were studied. The change in total phenolics and total carotenoid content was significant in both Dermatocarpon sp. and A. gwynnii indicating that the increase in UV absorbing compounds, total phenolics and total carotenoid content act as a protective mechanism against the deleterious effect of UV-B radiations, whereas the change in chlorophyll content was not significant in both lichen species.
A Consensus Statement for Safety Monitoring Guidelines of Treatments for Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Dodd Seetal , Malhi Gin S. , Tiller John , Schweitzer Isaac , Hickie Ian , Khoo Jon Paul , Bassett Darryl L. , Lyndon Bill , Mitchell Philip B. , Parker Gordon , Fitzgerald Paul B. , Udina Marc , Singh Ajeet , Moylan Steven , Giorlando Francesco , Doughty Carolyn , Davey Christopher G. , Theodoros Michael , Berk Michael 
Published: September 2011

Objective: This paper aims to present an overview of screening and safety considerations for the treatment of clinical depressive disorders and make recommendations for safety monitoring. Method: Data were sourced by a literature search using MEDLINE and a manual search of scientific journals to identify relevant articles. Draft guidelines were prepared and serially revised in an iterative manner until all co-authors gave final approval of content. Results: Screening and monitoring can detect medical causes of depression. Specific adverse effects associated with antidepressant treatments may be reduced or identified earlier by baseline screening and agent-specific monitoring after commencing treatment. Conclusion: The adoption of safety monitoring guidelines when treating clinical depression is likely to improve overall physical health status and treatment outcome. It is important to implement these guidelines in the routine management of clinical depression.
National Depression and Anxiety Indices for Australia
Authors: Reavley Nicola J. , Jorm Anthony F. , Cvetkovski Stefan , Mackinnon Andrew J. 
Published: September 2011

Objective: This study aimed to develop a National Depression Index and a National Anxiety Index to measure the depression and anxiety status of the Australian population, to compare data between surveys, and to compare relative risk in different population groups. Method: The indices were developed using cross-sectional data from four surveys: the 1997 and 2007 National Surveys of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHWB) and the 2001 and 2004/5 National Health Surveys (NHS). Six items from the K10 that most closely related to the ICD-10 diagnosis of depression and four that most closely related to a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder were used to create separate scales. The indices were developed by estimating the predicted probabilities of depression and anxiety on these separate K10 scales in the 2007 NSMHWB and then applying these predicted probabilities to the same scales in the other surveys. The 1997 NSMHWB and 2001 NHS were used as benchmarks for the respective surveys, with values greater than or less than 100 on the indices indicating a higher or lower probability of depression and anxiety in the subsequent survey year. Overall mean risks of depression and anxiety were examined along with differences in mean risk by age, household income, employment status and geographic location for males and females. Results: There was an overall increase in the mean risk of anxiety between the 1997 and 2007 NSMHWB but no significant difference in the mean risk of depression. Significant increases in the mean risk of anxiety were observed for women aged 45–64, for employed men and women, and for women living in the inner city and non-regional rural areas. Conclusions: The increase in the mean risk of anxiety may support the need for public education to focus on anxiety disorders, particularly for middle-aged women and for employed men and women.
A pilot study of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-polyethylene glycol and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-methylcellulose branched copolymers as injectable scaffolds for local delivery of neurotrophins and cellular transplants into the injured spinal cord
Authors: Conova Lauren , Vernengo Jennifer , Jin Ying , Himes B. Timothy , Neuhuber Birgit , Fischer Itzhak , Lowman Anthony , Vernengo Jennifer , Jin Ying , Himes B. Timothy , Neuhuber Birgit , Fischer Itzhak , Lowman Anthony 
Published: September 2011

Object
The authors investigated the feasibility of using injectable hydrogels, based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), lightly cross-linked with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or methylcellulose (MC), to serve as injectable scaffolds for local delivery of neurotrophins and cellular transplants into the injured spinal cord. The primary aims of this work were to assess the biocompatibility of the scaffolds by evaluating graft cell survival and the host tissue immune response. The scaffolds were also evaluated for their ability to promote axonal growth through the action of released brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

Methods
The in vivo performance of PNIPAAm-g-PEG and PNIPAAm-g-MC was evaluated using a rodent model of spinal cord injury (SCI). The hydrogels were injected as viscous liquids into the injury site and formed space-filling hydrogels. The host immune response and biocompatibility of the scaffolds were evaluated at 2 weeks by histological and fluorescent immunohistochemical analysis. Commercially available matrices were used as a control and examined for comparison.

Results
Experiments showed that the scaffolds did not contribute to an injury-related inflammatory response. PNIPAAm-g-PEG was also shown to be an effective vehicle for delivery of cellular transplants and supported graft survival. Additionally, PNIPAAm-g-PEG and PNIPAAm-g-MC are permissive to axonal growth and can serve as injectable scaffolds for local delivery of BDNF.

Conclusions
Based on the results, the authors suggest that these copolymers are feasible injectable scaffolds for cell grafting into the injured spinal cord and for delivery of therapeutic factors.
Is postoperative intensive care unit admission a prerequisite for elective craniotomy?
Authors: Bui John Q. H. , Mendis Rajith L. , van Gelder James M. , Sheridan Mark M. P. , Wright Kylie M. , Jaeger Matthias 
Published: September 2011

Object
Routine postoperative admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) is often considered a necessity in the treatment of patients following elective craniotomy but may strain already limited resources and is of unproven benefit. In this study the authors investigated whether routine postoperative admission to a regular stepdown ward is a safe alternative.

Methods
Three hundred ninety-four consecutive patients who had undergone elective craniotomy over 54 months at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed. Indications for craniotomy included tumor (257 patients) and transsphenoidal (63 patients), vascular (31 patients), ventriculostomy (22 patients), developmental (13 patients), and base of skull conditions (8 patients). Recorded data included age, operation, reason for ICU admission, medical emergency team (MET) calls, in-hospital mortality, and postoperative duration of stay.

Results
Three hundred forty-three patients were admitted to the regular ward after elective craniotomy, whereas there were 43 planned and 8 unplanned ICU admissions. The most common reasons for planned ICU admissions were anticipated lengthy operations (42%) and anesthetic risks (40%); causes for unplanned ICU admissions were mainly unexpected slow neurological recovery and extensive intraoperative blood loss. Of the 343 regular ward admissions, 10 (3%) required a MET call; only 3 of these MET calls occurred within the first 48 postoperative hours and did not lead to an ICU admission. The overall mortality rate in the investigated cohort was 1%, with no fatalities in patients admitted to the normal ward postoperatively.

Conclusions
Routine ward admission for patients undergoing elective craniotomies with selective ICU admission appears safe; however, approximately 2% of patients may require a direct postoperative unplanned ICU admission. Patients with anticipated long operation times, extensive blood loss, and high anesthetic risks should be selected for postoperative ICU admission, but further study is needed to determine the preoperative factors that can aid in identifying and caring for these groups of patients.
Le contenu en information de la pente des taux : application au cas des titres publics français
Authors: Jondeau Éric , Ricart Roland 
Published: September 2011

Le contenu en information de la pente des taux : application au cas des titres publics français
par Eric Jondeau et Roland Ricart
Ce papier propose une évaluation du contenu en information de la pente des taux d'intérêt concernant l'évolution future des taux d'intérêt et des taux d'inflation en France. Une base de données contenant des courbes de taux d'intérêt zéro-coupon sur titres publics a été construite à cette fin pour la période 1980-95. Le contenu en information de la pente des taux est négligeable sur l'ensemble de la période. Entre 1985 et 1995 en revanche, la pente a, pour certains horizons, un pouvoir prédictif assez net. Ainsi, les pentes des taux vis-à-vis du taux à 2 ans contiennent de l'information sur l'évolution future des taux courts, les pentes des taux vis-à-vis du taux à 3 ans à la fois sur l'évolution des taux courts et des taux longs ; les pentes des taux (2 ans - 1 an) à (5 ans - 1 an) et (4 ans - 2 ans) ont un pouvoir prédictif concernant l'évolution de l'inflation.
Modèles à seuil et relation de Fisher : une application à l'économie allemande
Authors: Weidmann Jens 
Published: September 2011

Threshold Models and the Fisher Effect : an Application to the German Economy
by Jens Weidmann
This paper reassesses the long-run relation between nominal interest rates and inflation using German data. It shows that the empirical rejection of the strict Fisher effect in previous studies can be attributed to the time-series behaviour of inflation and interest rates not accounted for by standard non-stationary models. It is argued that the stochastic process governing the bivariate system of inflation and interest rates depends on the level of the variables and should be modelled as a threshold cointégration model. This model can be given an economic interpretation in terms of the behaviour of a central bank adopting the opportunistic approach of disinflation. The full Fisher effect, even in its tax-adjusted form, cannot be rejected when a threshold model is estimated. The threshold cointégration model not only explains the downward bias of the coefficient estimates, but also the time-period and country sensitivity observed in previous studies.
Spread corrigé des risques et dynamique du taux d'intérêt à long terme : une application aux marchés allemand, américain et italien
Authors: Paladino Giovanna , Salsecci Gianluca 
Published: September 2011

Spread corrigé des risques et dynamique du taux d'intérêt à long terme :
une application aux marchés allemand, américain et italien
par Giovanna Paladino et Gianluca Salsecci
Les tests effectués sur des données mensuelles concernant les États-Unis, l'Allemagne et l'Italie, montrent que les spreads entre le taux d'intérêt à dix ans et le taux d'intérêt à un mois ne sont pas stationnaires. Ce résultat est en contradiction avec l'hypothèse des anticipations parfaites mais peut être compatible avec l'hypothèse de la prime de terme dans un contexte où les agents sont rationnels mais ont une aversion pour le risque. Nous avons défini la prime de terme comme une fonction de variables de politique économique. Nous avons, ensuite, introduit la notion de spread corrigé des risques pour expliquer la dynamique du taux long. C'est le cadre d'analyse de la cointégration proposé par Johansen (1988) qui a été adopté. Dans ce cadre, le modèle du spread corrigé des risques est plus performant, en termes de pouvoir explicatif et prédictif, que le modèle des anticipations parfaites et la marche aléatoire.
Le rejet de l'hypothèse d'efficience variable dans le temps sur le marché des changes
Authors: de Koning Camiel , Straetmans Stefan 
Published: September 2011

Le rejet de l'hypothèse d'efficience variable dans le temps sur le marché des changes par Camiel de Koning et Stefan Straetmans
Les chercheurs ont recueilli un nombre abondant de preuves empiriques sur l'absence d'efficience du marché des changes en régressant les excès de rendements sur les primes à terme retardées. Toutefois, ils ont rarement étudié le problème de l'instabilité des coefficients et ses conséquences pour les tests de l'efficience du marché. Les variations endogènes des paramètres sont prises en comptes par des estimations utilisant des régressions mobiles et un filtre de Kalman. On trouve que les variations dans le temps des coefficients de la régression sont statistiquement significatives. Ceci remet donc en cause la fiabilité des méthodes d'estimation qui supposent que les paramètres sont constants. Sur un échantillon postérieur à Bretton Woods, on montre que la variation dans le temps du coefficient de la prime à terme (ou la pente) est si élevée qu'il n'est pas impossible d'obtenir, par les MCO, une pente négative.
La modélisation des taux de change d'équilibre et leur estimation pour l'euro, le dollar et le yen
Authors: Maurin Laurent 
Published: September 2011

Après avoir exposé la problématique des taux de change d'équilibre, nous présentons le NATREX. Sur ses bases, nous développons un modèle qui étudie conjointement la dynamique de la dette extérieure et du taux de change réel, en réponse à des chocs d'épargne ou de productivité.
Nous estimons alors un change d'équilibre déduit du modèle, pour le dollar, le yen et un euro fictif construit en agrégeant les composantes non européennes des taux de change effectifs de trois pays participants. Les estimations économétriques valident les propositions du modèle et permettent d'étudier les distorsions de change passées.
Gestion foncière des excédents azotés et marché implicite de droits à polluer : application aux élevages intensifs
Authors: Rainelli Pierre , Vermersch Dominique 
Published: September 2011

Agricultural Management of Nitrogen Surpluses and Implicit in Pollution Rights Market:
Application to Intensive Livestock Farming by Pierre Rainelli and Dominique Vermersch
The problem of pollution originating from intensive rearing is analysed through a general welfare economics model. The policy option chosen to avoid this situation relies chiefly on command and control measures, with a limited amount of livestock manure which can be applied to the land (170 kg of nitrogen in the 1991 EC directive). When the standards are defined, the producers will maximise their profit under this constraint. This leads to a market of manure spreading rights, between farmers having land available for spreading manure and farmers having a high disposal rate per unit of land. An empirical illustration concerning Brittany is presented.
Régulation de firmes polluantes en libre-échange : conséquences des asymétries d'information et des groupes de pression
Authors: Calmette Marie-Françoise 
Published: September 2011

Regulation of Polluting Firms in the free Market: Consequences of Asymmetric Information and
Pressure Groups by Marie-Françoise Calmette
Our object is to analyse the consequences of opening up the borders between two regulated polluting monopolies in the absence of any strategic environment policy. The main question is whether the free market allows a satisfactory reallocation of global output from the most polluting country to the least polluting country or whether, on the contrary, the "size effect" is confirmed. We then assume asymmetric information in each country between the firm and the agency, and we study the effects of this asymmetry on pollution levels. Finally, we bring in the role of pressure groups by supposing that regulation is performed not by a benevolent agency but by a majority representing the interests of certain economic agents.
Gains d'information du décideur public et valeur d'option des grands projets d'infrastructure
Authors: Denant-Boèmont Laurent , Hammiche Sabrina 
Published: September 2011

Information Gains of the Policy Maker Option Value of Major Public Infrastructure Projects
by Laurent Denant-Boèmont and Sabrina Hammiche
This paper analyses the risk of dynamic irreversibility for major public infrastructure projects using the theory of quasi-option value (Henry, 1974; Arrow, Fisher, 1974) in cost-benefit analysis. The case study compares two competing public infrastructure projects: an irreversible motorway project and a flexible rail project. The latter allows the motorway investment decision to be deferred. Quasi-option value is then applied for a risk environment in which information increases over time, changing the balance between the two projects. The monetised value of the environmental externalities, upon which today's transport policy tends to focus, might then be viewed as secondary to projects' irreversibility costs.
Modes de négociation dans le secteur agro-alimentaire : efficacité des réformes réglementaires. Une application au cas des légumes transformés
Authors: Garnier Gaëlle 
Published: September 2011

Modes de négociation dans le secteur agro-alimentaire : efficacité des réformes réglementaires
par Gaëlle Garnier
En France, de nombreuses formes d'organisation de la relation entre industriels et agriculteurs font l'objet de condamnations par la Cour de justice des Communautés européennes. Nous cherchons, dans ce papier, à évaluer le bien-fondé de l'intervention de la Communauté Européenne dans le secteur des légumes transformés. Nous montrons qu'au niveau du bien-être, la forme de négociation imposée par la Communauté Européenne est préférable à la forme instaurée par la réglementation française du début des années soixante. En effet, une forme de négociation décentralisée au niveau du bassin de production portant sur le prix est globalement plus efficace qu'une forme de négociation centralisée au niveau national, de type interprofessionnelle. Nous montrons que décentraliser la négociation ne suffit cependant pas et que donner des subventions à la production agricole permettrait d'obtenir l'optimum de premier rang.