bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Performance Analysis of Kids’ Garments Prototypes Against Electromagnetic Radiation Part_I: Seam Efficiency and Impact of Repeated Washing Cycles on the Shielding Performance
Authors: Pamuk Gulsah , Kayacan Özlem , Kayacan Ozan , Uysal Tuğçe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Studies have shown that electromagnetic radiation, which is declared by the World Health Organization to have biological effects on metabolisms, causes health problems such as brain tumors, Alzheimer's, allergies, stress, depression and sleep disorders. Therefore, the damage caused to the human body by electromagnetic waves has become a priority for professionals and academics. Great efforts are being made to develop technical textiles that provide shielding to prevent or reduce this radiation. Since radiation sensitivity in children is much higher than in adults, within the scope of this study, it is aimed to develop clothes for electromagnetic radiation protection, especially for children who spend long hours with mobile devices such as cell phones and tablets. For this aim, double-layered knitted fabric structures connected by loop transfers were developed. Six different conductive knitted structures were manufactured with various conductive/cotton yarn combinations on flat knitting machine. Electromagnetic shielding tests were performed on these samples for both vertical and horizontal directions, also these tests were applied before and after washing cycles. Moreover, 3D virtual prototype designs were made and then these designs were produced as a total of 12 short-sleeve and long-sleeve t-shirts. Sewing quality performances of these fabric structures were also analyzed to evaluate the potential of these prototypes to convert to commercial products. Although the seam strength was found to be good enough, the seam efficiency could not exceed 50%. Therefore, when designing a protective clothing for electromagnetic waves, attention should be paid to the placement position of the fabric on the clothing and before making a decision.
Quantifying the Relative Importance of Sand Deposition and Dune Grasses to Carbon Storage in US Central Atlantic Coast Dunes
Authors: Jay Katya R. , Hacker Sally D. , Hagen Cedric J. , Stepanek John , Moore Laura J. , Ruggiero Peter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses sequester large amounts of carbon per unit area due to their high productivity and sediment accumulation rates. However, only a handful of studies have examined carbon sequestration in coastal dunes, which are shaped by biophysical feedback between aeolian sediment transport and burial-tolerant vegetation. The goal of this study was to measure carbon storage and identify the factors that influence its variability along the foredunes of the US Outer Banks barrier islands of North Carolina. Specifically, differences in carbon stocks (above- and belowground biomass and sand), dune grass abundance, and sand supply were measured among islands, cross-shore dune profile locations, and dune grass species. Carbon varied among aboveground grass biomass (0.1 ± 0.1 kg C m−2), belowground grass biomass (1.1 ± 1.6 kg C m−3), and sand (0.9 ± 0.6 kg C m−3), with the largest amount in belowground grass stocks. Aboveground grass carbon stocks were comparable to those in eelgrass beds and salt marshes on a per-area basis, while sediment carbon values in our study system were lower than those in other coastal systems, including other dune locations. Additionally, sand carbon density was positively related to patterns in dune sand supply and grass abundance, reflecting a self-reinforcing vegetation-sediment feedback at both high and low sand accumulation rates.
Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapy (AIMN) practical guide for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with [177Lu]Lu-Oxodotreotide in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET)
Authors: Laudicella Riccardo , Albano Domenico , Bauckneht Matteo , Urso Luca , Bodei Lisa , De Rimini Maria Luisa , Grana Chiara Maria , Baldari Sergio , Versari Annibale , Filice Angelina , Bartolomei Mirco , Maccauro Marco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are overexpressed by most neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and patients with SSTR-positive disease can be identified by DOTA-peptide PET. Phase II and III studies proved SSTR-targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy safe and effective in metastatic gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NETs progressed after SST analogues. Additional data indicate that [177Lu]Lu-oxodotreotide peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) also has high potential in earlier clinical situations. The purpose of this Italian procedural guideline is to assist the nuclear medicine personnel in the delivery of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-peptide therapy, from patient selection to end-of-therapy follow-up, and to facilitate the management of possible side effects and their clinical management. The current document is based upon the current best practice and knowledge of experienced Centers and Nuclear Medicine Physicians in Italy.
Interdependence Prospectively Predicts the Blood Uric Acid Level in Japan: Implications for the Metabolic Basis for Culture
Authors: Park Jiyoung , Kitayama Shinobu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Uric acid (UA), the end product of purine metabolism, serves as a potent deoxidant of the brain. UA may therefore be related to psychological activities that are culturally endorsed and normatively promoted, insofar as such activities would require high levels of cortical processing, and thus, gradually expose the brain to a greater oxidation risk. We tested this analysis in Japan, a society that values interdependence of the self with others.

Methods
Middle-aged Japanese adults (N = 243) were tested twice for the serum UA concentration, with five years in-between. Moreover, an assortment of measures assessing culturally sanctioned traits (those related to interdependence) and culturally non-sanctioned traits (those related to independence) were collected.

Results
We found that the baseline levels of interdependence predicted an increase in the UA in the next five years. In contrast, there was no such effect for independence. Moreover, the effect of interdependence on the UA increase was mediated by cognitive effort in various domains (such as work, finance, and social relations), suggesting that the culturally sanctioned traits increased cognitive effort devoted to mundane everyday activities, which in turn, predicted the UA to increase over time. Notably, baseline UA levels did not affect changes in psychological traits.

Conclusion
Interpreting these results in light of UA’s role as a potent antioxidant for brain tissues, we propose that higher UA levels may support metabolically demanding actions aligned with culturally sanctioned practices, particularly those associated with interdependence in the Japanese context.
Staff Communication at School and Student–Student Relationship Quality in the Classroom: Direct and Indirect Effects on Students’ Experiences as Bullies, Bullied, and Bully-Victims
Authors: Fischer Saskia M. , Macaulay Peter J. R. , Bilz Ludwig 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bullying research is often based upon Bronfenbrenner’s socioecological model, focusing on contextual level aspects associated with individual bullying experiences. Thus, various relevant contextual determinants of bullying have been identified, including classroom climate and school climate. However, even if interpersonal relationships are defined broadly in the definitions of classroom and (especially) school climate, its empirical investigation is limited to student–student or student–teacher relationships. In the current study, we included aspects of teacher–teacher relationships in the analyses by investigating staff communication at school. We investigated the associations between staff communication, student–student relationship quality in the classroom, and students’ bullying experiences. In addition, we investigated if staff communication may be indirectly linked to students’ bullying experiences via student–student relationships in the classroom. The sample was drawn from 556 teachers (79% female, Mage = 50.6, SDage = 8.44) and 2,071 students (49% female, Mage = 13.63, SDage = 1.17) in 114 classes across 24 schools in Germany. Two-level- and three-level models were performed. Findings suggest that rivalry as an aspect of student–student relationships in the classroom (a part of the classroom climate) is associated with students’ bullying experiences as bullies, victims, and bully-victims. While staff communication is not directly associated with students’ bullying experiences, it is indirectly associated with it via rivalry in the classroom. The findings also show that staff communication at school is associated with student–student relationships in the classroom. The study has implications for school-wide anti-bullying measures that should also include teacher–teacher aspects, and that future research should endeavour to include both class-level and school-level contexts.
Soil organic carbon accumulation mechanisms in soil amended with straw and biochar: entombing effect or biochemical protection?
Authors: Yuan Yuhan , Liang Yao , Cai Hongguang , Yuan Jingchao , Li Cuilan , Liu Hang , Zhang Chang , Wang Lichun , Zhang Jinjing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Converting crop residues into biochar and subsequently incorporating it into soils is a promising strategy to improve carbon sequestration in agroecosystems. However, differences in the potential mechanisms for soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation between biochar and its feedstock materials remain unclear. This study performed a nine-year field experiment involving four treatments in a Mollisol: mineral fertilizers alone and combined with maize straw or its biochar, and control without fertilizers and amendments. The main objectives of this study were to assess how straw and biochar incorporation influence SOC content, SOC chemical composition, microbial necromass carbon (MNC) content, and microbial community characteristics. Compared with mineral fertilizers alone, straw and biochar significantly (P < 0.05) increased SOC content, while biochar (40.5% increase) had more pronounced effects than straw (23.7% increase). Similarly, both straw and biochar increased MNC content and boosted microbial biomass, but straw had a more pronounced impact than did biochar. Additionally, biochar markedly increased SOC aromaticity by 26.6% (P < 0.05), while straw reduced SOC aromaticity by 2.85% (P > 0.05). Fungi, rather than bacteria, played a more crucial role in increasing SOC content through their necromass inputs under both straw and biochar incorporation. Our results demonstrated that straw enhanced SOC accumulation primarily through entombing effect of microbial necromass, while biochar enhanced SOC accumulation primarily through biochemical protection from recalcitrant aromatic carbon. The present findings provide valuable insight into the potential mechanisms of field practices that lead to maximize soil carbon sequestration.

Graphical Abstract
Application of optimized spring–mass–damper pedestrian load models for vibration assessment of footbridges: numerical and experimental investigation of a cable-stayed system
Authors: Bedon Chiara , Drygala Izabela Joanna , Dulinska Joanna Maria , Jasińska Dorota 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article explores the potential and accuracy of spring–mass–damper (SMD) pedestrian load modelling strategies for assessing human-induced vibrations of in-service footbridges. To this aim, a recent SMD modelling proposal based on uncoupled single-body measures (SMD-0, in the following) is specifically used for the calibration of key input parameters. Finite element numerical assumptions and findings are robustly supported by original experimental tests carried out on a case-study footbridge in Poland, proving that the proposed approach can serve as an effective tool for analysing vibrations in pedestrian systems. The research study, most importantly, integrates theoretical modelling with empirical and experimental validations, to enhance the credibility of the obtained results, as well as to support the general applicability of the presented methodology. Complex in-field tests are in fact conducted on the selected footbridge, aiming to assess the effects of pedestrians on its dynamic response. Numerical analyses, which are successively performed in ABAQUS/Standard, for a set of examined walking configurations, confirm the high sensitivity of the footbridge to resonance, which was also observed during the in-field tests. The presently used SMD-0 approach is further assessed towards past SMD literature proposals. As shown, the comparison of standard structural performance indicators (such as the peak acceleration value, root mean square and CREST factor) reveals a significant sensitivity of the footbridge response to the input parameters for the analyzed SMD models. Besides, the presently addressed SMD-0 model has the advantage of being based on single-body sensor measurements and its calibration is not affected by structural features. As such, potential applications of present findings could include the improvement of design standards and safety measures for similar structures.
Implementation and evaluation of a complex outpatient oral antimicrobial therapy program (COpAT) in Canada
Authors: Wong Maggie , Wong Davie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
We describe the implementation, outcomes, and challenges of a complex outpatient oral antimicrobial therapy program (COpAT) in Canada to provide a framework for those interested in establishing such a program.

Setting:
Outpatient ambulatory clinic led by infectious diseases physicians, serving patients from a tertiary hospital and a small community hospital.

Design:
Retrospective observational study that evaluated the efficacy, safety, and cost savings of patients enrolled in the program from August 2023 to June 2024.

Results:
One hundred three patients were included, of which 84.4% achieved successful clinical outcomes. Mean age of the patients was 62 years and 30% had diabetes. The top three sources of infections were bone and joint, intra-abdominal, and skin-and-soft tissue. Mean duration of COpAT was 37 days. Seventy-five percent of patients required only a single agent, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was most commonly used. Twenty-two patients developed an adverse reaction, of which three required a change in therapy and one resolved with antibiotic dose reduction. No C. difficile infections or mortality were reported 30-days post COpAT discharge. Twelve patients were re-admitted to the hospital; 50% of the cases were unrelated to infections. Compared to outpatient intravenous therapy, the total cost savings from COpAT were estimated to be $255,000 Canadian dollars (CAD), which translated to an average cost savings of $2500 CAD per patient per year.

Conclusion:
We demonstrated favorable clinical and safety outcomes with our COpAT program and substantial cost savings using existing infrastructure. COpAT allows efficient use of healthcare resources including decongestion of hospitals.
Requiring durations of therapy at the time of antibiotic order entry reduces antibiotic use
Authors: Wright Megan R. , Gillon Jessica , Katz Sophie E. , Banerjee Ritu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The impact of required durations of therapy for antibiotic orders at the time of order entry has not been reported. Requiring ordering clinicians to enter stop dates at the time of antibiotic order entry decreased DOT/1000 patient days for orders with empiric indication from 154 to 119 (–34.9 (–55.7 to –14)).
Auditor perspectives on barriers to achieving healthcare worker hand hygiene compliance goals
Authors: Leszczynski Joseph , Gibas Kevin M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We surveyed hand hygiene auditors to identify barriers to healthcare worker hand hygiene compliance in our health system. Most auditors reported being comfortable providing staff feedback on hand hygiene practices; however, there was substantial variability in their comfort level based on the occupation of the staff member receiving feedback.
Calm at the Carriage, Kills Bandits, Protects the Stables: Unique Horse Names in Excavated Han Administrative Documents from Xuanquan
Authors: Granger Kelsey 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Xuanquan postal station is to date the most well-documented example of a working postal station from the Han period. This paper presents a corpus of 115 excavated horse names recorded in Xuanquan administrative documents. Analysis of these names not only clarifies what tasks these horses were expected to perform at the station, but two unique naming conventions further articulate the complex relationships forged between humans and horses at this frontier site: giving horses human surnames and venerating aged horses. This article thus centers the act of naming individual animals as being of significant importance for future studies of human-animal interactions.
The Metrics of the DMA’s Success
Authors: Colangelo Giuseppe , Ribera Martínez Alba 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Digital Markets Act (DMA) is a rare bird in competition policy. Indeed, it is a hybrid framework incorporating the institutional setting of a regulatory tool as well as the conduct already targeted by antitrust authorities in proceedings against digital platforms. From a policy perspective, the DMA seeks to prevent some anticompetitive practices. To this end, the EU legislator has construed an intricate set of provisions pursuing different policy goals. After setting out these goals in relation to the proclaimed legal interests protected by the DMA (ie, contestability and fairness), the paper uncovers the policy goals underlying each of the provisions. Relying on the first round of compliance reports issued by gatekeepers in March and October 2024, the analysis aims at providing adequate pathways to measure the DMA’s success, based on the explicit legal interests and implict policy goals fleshed out by the regulation. The paper maps out market scenarios where policymakers can assert that the DMA’s enforcement has been effective.
An Entrepreneurial View of Judicial Capture
Authors: Morales Forte Estuardo Sebastian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This is a case study of Guatemala’s judicial system, initially designed to be a pluralist model in 1984. However, it is now captured by political entrepreneurs who are undermining liberal democracy. The research warns about similar risks in other young democracies and explains the pitfalls of judicial councils and capturable courts. Although judiciaries are now seen as safeguards against authoritarianism, this study demonstrates how they can be subverted. Unlike authoritarian populists who weaken judicial institutions through popular support, this case shows how entrepreneurs rely on intimidation and capture. Using data of the growth of lawyers, I propose the entrepreneurs outnumbered the elites committed to democracy and captured the nomination process in favor of uncommitted elites leading to democratic backsliding.
Dresses and ties: the effect of grammatical gender and stereotypical semantic bias in three Spanish-speaking communities
Authors: Zunino Gabriela Mariel , Aguilar Miriam , Stetie Noelia Ayelén , Martínez Rebolledo Camila , Hinojosa José Antonio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Stereotype construction is a complex process, with multiple relations to language processing, that combines collective sociocultural factors with individual cognitive elements. Regarding gendered languages, there is a debate about the effect of grammatical gender on the representation of inanimate entities. To evaluate the potential interaction between gender stereotypes and gender morphology on words that refer to inanimate entities in three different communities of Spanish speakers, we developed a task of conscious judgments on the level of association to men or women of words that refer to objects. In a 3 × 2 × 3 × 2 design, we manipulated Semantic Bias (gender stereotypicality), with three levels (male, e.g., martillo, hammer-M; female, e.g., vestido, dress-M; neutral, e.g., lápiz, pencil-M); Morphology, with two levels (masculine, e.g., vestido, dress-M; feminine, e.g., pulsera, bracelet-F); Linguistic variety, with three levels (Argentine, Chilean and Peninsular) and Questionnaire, with two levels (related to men vs. related to women). The results showed that grammatical gender has an effect on words that refer to inanimate entities when those words do not carry a strong stereotypical association (neutral items), semantic bias related to gender stereotypes overshadows any potential effect of grammatical gender in biased items, and there are differences depending on the community (Argentine, Chilean and Peninsular).
The Machine Works: Why Turnout Buying is More Effective Than it Appears
Authors: Greene Kenneth F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Turnout buying is a mainstay of machine politics. Despite strong theory that selective incentives should spur turnout, meta-analyses of empirical studies show no effect, thus making machine politics seem irrational and unsustainable. I argue that the apparent failure of turnout buying is an artefact of common measurement decisions in experimental and observational research that lump together turnout buying, abstention buying, and vote-choice buying. Data generated using these compound measures include countervailing and null effects that drive estimates of the effects of each strategy toward zero. I show that machines have incentives to diversify their strategies enough to make compound measures substantially underestimate the impact of turnout buying. I propose simple alternative measurement approaches and show how they perform using new survey data and a constituency-level analysis of machine strategy in Mexico. Findings close the gap between theory and facts and reaffirm the rationality of machine politics.
Decentralized method for real-time optimal path planning of robot in dynamic environment
Authors: Zhang Chen , Zhou Lelai , Li Yibin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Adaptation to the dynamic environment and variable task sequence is the critical ability for robot navigation and task execution. The Cyclic Networking Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (CNRRT) method is proposed to obtain the optimal path in real time and realize long-term path planning ability in a complex dynamic environment. The cyclic branch is introduced to the acyclic graph of Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) method, which forms a decentralized path network in the configuration space. An iterative searching strategy is built to search for the optimal path in the network. The branch prune, reconnection, and regrowth processes enable the decentralized network to efficiently respond to dynamic changes in the environment. The CNRRT can search for the real-time optimal path in the dynamic environment, dealing with the configuration and task changes robustly. Besides, the CNRRT is consistent for scenarios with long-term task sequence without significant performance fluctuation. Simulations and real-world comparative experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.