bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient phenomena of current and field distortion due to dynamics of packet‐like charges in LDPE films
Authors: Yoshioka Hirokazu , Kadowaki Kazunori , Kitani Isamu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSimultaneous measurements of space charge and external current were carried out using a PEA measurement system with an electrometer on the back of a grounding electrode in order to clarify the physical situation of a huge packet of positive space charges in LDPE films. A large number of positive charges from a semiconducting anode were accumulated at the interface between LDPE and an Al‐cathode at a mean applied field of 1.5 MV/cm and then finally disappeared. The results of simultaneous measurements showed that the external current kept a relatively high value during charge accumulation and further increased when the charges disappeared. Both the charge dynamics and the external current were restricted by addition of a low‐molecular‐weight paraffin wax, indicating that carrier transport was influenced by the microstructure of the polymer. The dynamics of the residual charges after short‐circuiting is also discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(4): 10–17, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21256
Three‐dimensional magnetostriction and vector magnetic properties under alternating magnetic flux conditions in arbitrary direction
Authors: Wakabayashi Daisuke , Todaka Takashi , Enokizono Masato 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper presents the measured magnetostriction of electrical steel sheets under alternating magnetic flux conditions. In the measurements, we used a two‐dimensional vector magnetic property measurement system, and a three‐axial strain gauge. In order to know the magnetostriction in an arbitrary direction, the strain tensor was evaluated. In addition, we try to evaluate the magnetostrictions in the thickness direction. In this paper, the three‐dimensional magnetostriction in nonoriented and grain‐oriented silicon steel sheets are compared. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(4): 1–9, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21257
Hybrid system reduction method using a reduced system regulator
Authors: Kuroda Eisuke , Tsuji Takao , Oyama Tsutomu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn order to analyze the transient stability of large‐scale power systems, it is advantageous to apply the system reduction method to external systems. The short‐circuit current method is a typical engineering reduction technique. However, the dominant eigenvalues are not necessarily conserved in the reduced system. Therefore, the hybrid reduction method, in which controller parameters are adjusted to conserve the dominant eigenvalues, was proposed. Automatic voltage regulators (AVR) and power system stabilizers (PSS) have been used for parameter adjustment so far. However, since there are many parameters in AVR and PSS, complicated procedures are required to adjust them. Therefore, in this paper, the reduced system regulator (RSR) is proposed for the hybrid system reduction method. The RSR has only two parameters for adjustment. It is easier to adjust the RSR than AVR/PSS. In addition, the initial gains of the RSR are set to zero so that the dynamic behavior of the system is not influenced before adjustment. The effect and accuracy of the hybrid system reduction method with RSR are examined using a typical longitudinal power system, the IEEJ WEST 10‐machine system model. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(4): 33–40, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21258
Stability analysis of AC voltage controls for Shinkansen feeding system with multiple power converters
Authors: Kunomura Ken , Koseki Takafumi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe recent introduction of very fast and frequent train service on the Tokaido Shinkansen makes it difficult to stabilize the feeding voltage solely by compensating reactive power. Therefore, active power compensation has been introduced for further stabilization of the voltage, and a converter control strategy called the “fixed power factor method” was applied in commercial operation that started in February 2009. Feeding voltage stabilizing control by active power compensation is substantially more complicated than conventional reactive power compensation. This paper describes a novel stability judging method for the Shinkansen feeding system with multiple power converters; this method can be used to determine appropriate active/reactive compensation strategies that can be used by the operator of the new Shinkansen power supply system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(4): 51–60, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21266
Selective N‐Alkylation of Arylamines with Alkyl Chloride in Ionic Liquids: Scope and Applications
Authors: Monopoli Antonio , Cotugno Pietro , Cortese Marina , Calvano Cosima Damiana , Ciminale Francesco , Nacci Angelo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn efficient N‐selective alkylation of primary aromatic amines in molten quaternary ammonium salts, as the solvent, under relatively mild and base‐free conditions is presented. On the basis of the Kamlet–Taft parameters and the nucleophilicity of the IL (ionic liquid) anions, the influence of the ionic liquid was evaluated. This protocol was validated on a larger multigram scale and with the syntheses of bioactive heterocycles (e.g., 1,4‐benzothiazine and quinoxalines) and new efficient MALDI matrixes.
Nuclear magnetic resonance study of flavoured olive oils
Authors: Mannina Luisa , D'Imperio Marco , Gobbino Marco , D'Amico Irene , Casini Antonio , Emanuele Maria Carmela , Sobolev Anatoly P. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTHigh field 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to analyse and characterize different flavoured olive oils, namely orange, basil, bergamot, cardamom, lemon, mandarin, chilli, rosemary, white and black truffle, ginger, garlic and mushroom flavoured olive oils. Several compounds were identified by means of 2D NMR experiments and spiking experiments. In particular, limonene was found in lemon, bergamot, orange, mandarin, cardamom, ginger and chilli flavoured olive oils, p‐cymene was found in lemon and bergamot flavoured olive oils, linalool was found in bergamot, basil and cardamom flavoured olive oils, α‐curcumene was found in ginger flavoured olive oil and geranial and neral were found in lemon flavoured olive oil. Some implications regarding the product standardization and quality are discussed monitoring the acidity indirectly, by the measure of diglycerides and monoglycerides, and the amount of some minor compounds sensitive to the product shelf‐life. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined analysis of TMPRSS2–ERG and TERT for improved prognosis of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer
Authors: Sabaliauskaite Rasa , Jarmalaite Sonata , Petroska Donatas , Dasevicius Darius , Laurinavicius Arvydas , Jankevicius Feliksas , Lazutka Juozas R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical outcomes. TMPRSS2–ERG is the most common gene fusion in PCa, whereas activation of telomerase is a common feature of various malignancies. The aim of our study was to explore the combined utility of these and some other biomarkers in predicting biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Prostate specimens and urine sediments from 179 previously untreated patients with pT2‐pT3 stage PCa were analyzed for expression of telomerase (TERT and TR) and the TMPRSS2–ERG fusion gene by means of reverse transcription PCR. Real‐time PCR was used for quantification of ERG and SPINK1 expression. In total, 74% (117/158) of the prostate adenocarcinomas were positive for the TMPRSS2–ERG and/or TERT expression. Noninvasively, these transcripts were identified in 31% (19/61) of catheterized urine specimens. Significantly higher expression of ERG was detected in TMPRSS2–ERG‐positive tumors (P < 0.0001), whereas more intense expression of SPINK1 was characteristic for the TMPRSS2–ERG‐negative tumors (P = 0.003). TERT‐positive cases also had elevated levels of ERG (P = 0.016), suggesting a possible link between aberrant expression of ERG and reactivation of TERT in prostate tumors. The cases negative for both transcripts, TMPRSS2–ERG and TERT, rarely recurred (P = 0.014) and showed significantly longer biochemical recurrence‐free period (P = 0.022) as compared to the TMPRSS2–ERG and/or TERT‐positive cases. The results of our study suggest that combined analysis of TMPRSS2–ERG and TERT expression can be a valuable tool for early prediction of biochemical recurrence of PCa after radical prostatectomy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinically significant copy number alterations and complex rearrangements of MYB and NFIB in head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Persson Marta , Andrén Ywonne , Moskaluk Christopher A. , Frierson Henry F. , Cooke Susanna L. , Futreal Philip Andrew , Kling Teresia , Nelander Sven , Nordkvist Anders , Persson Fredrik , Stenman Göran 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAdenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck is a malignant tumor with poor long‐term prognosis. Besides the recently identified MYB–NFIB fusion oncogene generated by a t(6;9) translocation, little is known about other genetic alterations in ACC. Using high‐resolution, array‐based comparative genomic hybridization, and massively paired‐end sequencing, we explored genomic alterations in 40 frozen ACCs. Eighty‐six percent of the tumors expressed MYB–NFIB fusion transcripts and 97% overexpressed MYB mRNA, indicating that MYB activation is a hallmark of ACC. Thirty‐five recurrent copy number alterations (CNAs) were detected, including losses involving 12q, 6q, 9p, 11q, 14q, 1p, and 5q and gains involving 1q, 9p, and 22q. Grade III tumors had on average a significantly higher number of CNAs/tumor compared to Grade I and II tumors (P = 0.007). Losses of 1p, 6q, and 15q were associated with high‐grade tumors, whereas losses of 14q were exclusively seen in Grade I tumors. The t(6;9) rearrangements were associated with a complex pattern of breakpoints, deletions, insertions, inversions, and for 9p also gains. Analyses of fusion‐negative ACCs using high‐resolution arrays and massively paired‐end sequencing revealed that MYB may also be deregulated by other mechanisms in addition to gene fusion. Our studies also identified several down‐regulated candidate tumor suppressor genes (CTNNBIP1, CASP9, PRDM2, and SFN) in 1p36.33‐p35.3 that may be of clinical significance in high‐grade tumors. Further, studies of these and other potential target genes may lead to the identification of novel driver genes in ACC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: From Mechanisms to Applications
Authors: Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAtom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is currently one of the most often used synthetic polymerization methods to prepare well‐defined polymers with complex architecture. This review covers some fundamentals of copper‐based ATRP, presents basic structure–reactivity correlation for initiators and catalyst complexes and discusses the radical nature of reactive intermediates. New ATRP initiating processes with ppm amounts of copper catalysts and various reducing agents are described together with recent electrochemically controlled ATRP and polymerization in aqueous homogeneous and dispersed media. Examples of polymers with precisely controlled architecture are presented together with the effect of variable amounts of catalysts on molecular weight distribution and morphology of nanostructured block copolymers. Some current and forthcoming applications of polymers made by ATRP are presented.
Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerisation (ATRP) as a Tool for the Development of Optical Sensing Phases
Authors: Marin‐Suarez Marta , Medina‐Castillo Antonio L. , Fernandez‐Sanchez Jorge F. , Fernandez‐Gutierrez Alberto 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe advantages of atom‐transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) for synthesising well‐defined polymers have made this technique very popular in recent years for the synthesis of new polymers and copolymers with optical properties. The components involved in ATRP and their effect on composition, functionalities and topology have been reviewed according to the optical properties of the obtained (co)polymers. Because several functionalities and architectures can be combined in ATRP, this technique is a useful tool for the synthesis of new (co)polymers specially designed to meet the requirements of the sensor setup.
Microwave‐Assisted RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Brooks William L. A. , Sumerlin Brent S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAdvances in controlled radical polymerization (CRP) have facilitated access to well‐defined polymers with controlled molecular weight, topology, and functionality. However, despite the benefits afforded by many CRP techniques, control over these key polymer attributes often comes at the expense of polymerization rate. One method proposed for accelerating chemical synthesis is microwave heating. This review highlights recent examples of microwave heating being applied during reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. In addition to successfully leading to homopolymers from a variety of monomers, block copolymers have also been prepared by microwave‐assisted RAFT, which suggests that the high polymerization rates observed do not necessarily lead to significant end group loss from termination. Despite significant debate regarding the origin of rate enhancement observed during microwave‐assisted reactions, the reports included herein provide insight into mechanisms by which well‐defined functional polymers can be prepared in an accelerated fashion.
Analgesic effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in neuropathic pain: Influence of theta burst stimulation priming
Authors: Lefaucheur J.‐P. , Ayache S.S. , Sorel M. , Farhat W.H. , Zouari H.G. , Ciampi de Andrade D. , Ahdab R. , Ménard‐Lefaucheur I. , Brugières P. , Goujon C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground‘Conventional’ protocols of high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) delivered to M1 can produce analgesia. Theta burst stimulation (TBS), a novel rTMS paradigm, is thought to produce greater changes in M1 excitability than ‘conventional’ protocols. After a preliminary experiment showing no analgesic effect of continuous or intermittent TBS trains (cTBS or iTBS) delivered to M1 as single procedures, we used TBS to prime a subsequent session of ‘conventional’ 10 Hz‐rTMS.MethodsIn 14 patients with chronic refractory neuropathic pain, navigated rTMS was targeted over M1 hand region, contralateral to painful side. Analgesic effects were daily assessed on a visual analogue scale for the week after each 10 Hz‐rTMS session, preceded or not by TBS priming. In an additional experiment, the effects on cortical excitability parameters provided by single‐ and paired‐pulse TMS paradigms were studied.ResultsPain level was reduced after any type of rTMS procedure compared to baseline, but iTBS priming produced greater analgesia than the other protocols. Regarding motor cortex excitability changes, the analgesic effects were associated with an increase in intracortical inhibition, whatever the type of stimulation, primed or non‐primed.ConclusionsThe present results show that the analgesic effects of ‘conventional’ 10 Hz‐rTMS delivered to M1 can be enhanced by TBS priming, at least using iTBS. Interestingly, the application of cTBS and iTBS did not produce opposite modulations, unlike previously reported in other systems. It remains to be determined whether the interest of TBS priming is to generate a simple additive effect or a more specific process of cortical plasticity.
Transcriptional repression of the Dspp gene leads to dentinogenesis imperfecta phenotype in Col1a1-Trps1 transgenic mice
Authors: Napierala Dobrawa , Sun Yao , Maciejewska Izabela , Bertin Terry K , Dawson Brian , D'Souza Rena , Qin Chunlin , Lee Brendan 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) is a hereditary defect of dentin, a calcified tissue that is the most abundant component of teeth. Most commonly, DGI is manifested as a part of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) or the phenotype is restricted to dental findings only. In the latter case, DGI is caused by mutations in the DSPP gene, which codes for dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP). Although these two proteins together constitute the majority of noncollagenous proteins of the dentin, little is known about their transcriptional regulation. Here we demonstrate that mice overexpressing the Trps1 transcription factor (Col1a1-Trps1 mice) in dentin-producing cells, odontoblasts, present with severe defects of dentin formation that resemble DGI. Combined micro–computed tomography (µCT) and histological analyses revealed tooth fragility due to severe hypomineralization of dentin and a diminished dentin layer with irregular mineralization in Col1a1-Trps1 mice. Biochemical analyses of noncollagenous dentin matrix proteins demonstrated decreased levels of both DSP and DPP proteins in Col1a1-Trps1 mice. On the molecular level, we demonstrated that sustained high levels of Trps1 in odontoblasts lead to dramatic decrease of Dspp expression as a result of direct inhibition of the Dspp promoter by Trps1. During tooth development Trps1 is highly expressed in preodontoblasts, but in mature odontoblasts secreting matrix its expression significantly decreases, which suggests a Trps1 role in odontoblast development. In these studies we identified Trps1 as a potent inhibitor of Dspp expression and the subsequent mineralization of dentin. Thus, we provide novel insights into mechanisms of transcriptional dysregulation that leads to DGI. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cartilage-specific β-catenin signaling regulates chondrocyte maturation, generation of ossification centers, and perichondrial bone formation during skeletal development
Authors: Dao Debbie Y , Jonason Jennifer H , Zhang Yongchun , Hsu Wei , Chen Di , Hilton Matthew J , O'Keefe Regis J 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is a critical regulator of chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation during multiple phases of cartilage and bone development. Although the importance of β-catenin signaling during the process of endochondral bone development has been previously appreciated using a variety of genetic models that manipulate β-catenin in skeletal progenitors and osteoblasts, genetic evidence demonstrating a specific role for β-catenin in committed growth-plate chondrocytes has been less robust. To identify the specific role of cartilage-derived β-catenin in regulating cartilage and bone development, we studied chondrocyte-specific gain- and loss-of-function genetic mouse models using the tamoxifen-inducible Col2CreERT2 transgene in combination with β-cateninfx(exon3)/wt or β-cateninfx/fx floxed alleles, respectively. From these genetic models and biochemical data, three significant and novel findings were uncovered. First, cartilage-specific β-catenin signaling promotes chondrocyte maturation, possibly involving a bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2)-mediated mechanism. Second, cartilage-specific β-catenin facilitates primary and secondary ossification center formation via the induction of chondrocyte hypertrophy, possibly through enhanced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression at sites of cartilage degradation, and potentially by enhancing Indian hedgehog (IHH) signaling activity to recruit vascular tissues. Finally, cartilage-specific β-catenin signaling promotes perichondrial bone formation possibly via a mechanism in which BMP2 and IHH paracrine signals synergize to accelerate perichondrial osteoblastic differentiation. The work presented here supports the concept that the cartilage-derived β-catenin signal is a central mediator for major events during endochondral bone formation, including chondrocyte maturation, primary and secondary ossification center development, vascularization, and perichondrial bone formation. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Marrow fat and preadipocyte factor-1 levels decrease with recovery in women with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Fazeli Pouneh K , Bredella Miriam A , Freedman Lauren , Thomas Bijoy J , Breggia Anne , Meenaghan Erinne , Rosen Clifford J , Klibanski Anne 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Women with anorexia nervosa (AN) have elevated marrow fat mass despite low visceral and subcutaneous fat depots, which is inversely associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Whether marrow fat mass remains persistently elevated or decreases with recovery from AN is currently unknown. In this study, we investigated changes in marrow fat in women who have recovered from AN (AN-R). We also studied the relationship between preadipocyte factor (Pref)-1—a member of the EGF-like family of proteins and regulator of adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation—and fat depots and BMD in AN-R compared with women with AN and healthy controls (HC). We studied 29 women: 14 with active or recovered AN (30.7 + 2.2 years [mean ± SEM]) and 15 normal-weight controls (27.8 ± 1.2 years). We measured marrow adipose tissue (MAT) of the L4 vertebra and femur by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy; BMD of the spine, hip, and total body by DXA; and serum Pref-1 and leptin levels. We found that MAT of the L4 vertebra was significantly lower in AN-R compared with AN (p = 0.03) and was comparable to levels in HC. Pref-1 levels were also significantly lower in AN-R compared with AN (p = 0.02) and comparable to levels in healthy controls. Although Pref-1 was positively associated with MAT of the L4 vertebra in AN (R = 0.94; p = 0.002), we found that it was inversely associated with MAT of the L4 vertebra in HC (R = −0.71; p = 0.004). Therefore, we have shown that MAT and Pref-1 levels decrease with recovery from AN. Our data suggest that Pref-1 may have differential effects in states of nutritional deprivation compared with nutritional sufficiency. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Therapeutic apheresis: When things go wrong
Authors: Sergio Torloni A. , Lumadue Jeanne , Zubair Abba 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTherapeutic apheresis medicine requires in‐depth knowledge of physiology, disease mechanisms as well as a thorough understanding of the parameters that can be adjusted in the instrument that are used. We report two cases where critical decision making was crucial during management of patients being treated with therapeutic apheresis. Case 1 involves an adult patient with severe circulating cryoglobulins and Case 2 describes a patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and hyperviscosity. Both cases demonstrate the importance of readily available expert supervision of therapeutic apheresis procedures. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.