bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective tuning of hippocampal oscillations by phasic locus coeruleus activation in awake male rats
Authors: Walling Susan G. , Brown Robert A.M. , Milway J. Stephen , Earle Avery G. , Harley Carolyn W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTheta and gamma oscillations are thought to provide signal sets that promote neural coding of cognitive processes. Over 40 yrs ago, Jeffrey Gray reported event‐related changes in a narrow band of hippocampal theta (7.5–8.5 Hz) which appeared to involve norepinephrine (NE) release from, the noradrenergic nucleus, the locus coeruleus (LC). These event‐related alterations in EEG were elicited by novelty, attentional changes, the use of preparatory signals, and signal‐mismatch events. Gray et al. have since provided indirect evidence that supports the role of NE in the modulation of 7.5‐ to 8.5‐Hz oscillations in the hippocampus, but studies investigating the effects of direct LC activation in awake rats have been lacking. In the present study, dentate gyrus EEG was examined during glutamatergic activation of the LC in awake male rats in relation to plasticity effects on simultaneously recorded perforant path‐evoked field potentials. Glutamate‐injected animals were divided into three groups based on histological and plasticity outcomes; perforant path stimulated controls were also included. The three injected groups were: (1) rats with positive LC placements, demonstrating NE‐LTP of the dentate gyrus evoked potential, (2) rats with positive LC placements, without NE‐LTP, and (3) Non‐LC injected controls. Activation of the LC in awake rats demonstrating NE‐LTP increased the relative power of 7‐ to 9‐Hz theta, a result masked in broader 4‐ to 12‐Hz analysis. Comparatively, urethane‐anesthetized rats showed an increase in 5–7 Hz, but not 7‐ to 9‐Hz theta with LC activation. Discriminative analysis in the approximate theta band predicted by Gray (7.4–8.5 Hz) revealed that awake rats demonstrating NE‐LTP had increased relative power in this narrow frequency compared to rats receiving perforant path only (noninjected) and Non‐LC injected rats. Transiently reduced gamma (20–40 Hz) relative power was most commonly observed in rats with verified LC placements failing to express NE‐LTP. Given current theories of LC function, these results suggest oscillatory tuning within the theta and gamma range may facilitate shifts in cognitive set. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation into temperature rise and volumetric entropy generation rate in fluid and porous subsystems
Authors: Yilbas B.S. , Bin Mansoor S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTemperature differential occurs between the fluid phase and the solid phase in porous medium. The heat transfer in fluid and solid phases in a porous medium becomes non‐equilibrium and the fluid phase as well as the solid phase in the porous medium separates thermally forming two subsystems. In the present study, temperature fields in fluid and solid phases in the porous medium are predicted using the two‐equation model. Entropy generation rates in each phase as well as entropy generation rate due to thermal exchange between phases are computed. It is found that temperatures of both subsystems are different along the axial distance at the mid‐plane and this difference varies with time. Volumetric entropy generation rate due to thermal exchange between both phases is considerably less than that generated in each phase. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20298
Boiling heat transfer coefficient of R22 and an HFC/HC refrigerant mixture in a fin‐and‐tube evaporator of a window air conditioner
Authors: Herbert Raj M. , Mohan Lal D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe commonly used refrigerant in unitary type air conditioners is R22 and its phase out schedule in developing countries is to commence from 2015. Many alternatives to R22 are found in published literature in which R407C has similar characteristics to those of R22 except for its zeotropic nature. However, R407C which is an HFC is made compatible with the mineral oil lubricant in the system compressor by the addition of 20% of HC. This HFC/HC mixture called the M20 refrigerant mixture is reported to be a retrofit refrigerant for R22. Though its latent heat value is greater than that of R22, its refrigerating capacity is lower when it is used to retrofit R22 window air conditioners. Hence, a heat transfer analysis was conducted in the evaporator of a room air conditioner, for practically realized heat flux conditions during standard performance testing. The tests were conducted as per the BIS and ASHRAE standards. Kattan–Thome–Favrat maps are used to confirm the flow patterns, which prevail inside the fin‐and‐tube evaporator in the tested operating conditions. It is revealed that the heat transfer coefficient/heat fluxes are poorer for M20 because of the lower mass flow rate and higher vapor fraction at the entry of the evaporator than that of R22 in the prevailing operating conditions. The heat transfer coefficients of the M20 refrigerant mixture under various test conditions are lower in the range of 14% to 56% than those of R22. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20299
Liquid film flow rising along the outer surface of the rotating cone
Authors: Adachi Takahiro , Sato Naoya , Kobari Naoto , Hori Toshihiro 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe have investigated fluid flow characteristics of liquid film flow rising along the outer surface of a rotating cone. The fluid is given a centrifugal force due to the rotation of the cone, while strong surface tension maintains the centrifugal force at the outer surface of the liquid film flow. Therefore, the fluid does not spread outward from the cone, but goes up along it. We have visualized the interesting flow phenomena with a high‐speed video camera. In addition, we have measured the correlation between the wetted radius, rotation rate of the cone, and flow rate of the rising film flow. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; 39(7): 492–496, 2010; Published online 2 June 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20307
Heat removable limit for nuclear fuel
Authors: Morooka Shinichi , Kudo Yoshiro , Hotta Akitoshi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe imminent revival of nuclear power has progressed in recent years and many countries, including the U.S., are planning construction of new NPPs (nuclear power plants). This movement is called “Nuclear Renaissance.”In the fuel assembly design of a nuclear reactor, the heat‐removal limit (critical power, critical heat flux), below which generated heat can be removed without a sudden rise of fuel temperature, is one of the design limits. From the perspective of ensuring reliability and safety of nuclear reactors, it is very important to predict this limit with sufficient precision.The purpose of this paper is to review the following items:

State‐of‐the‐art simulation techniques to predict the heat‐removal limit
Cutting‐edge design concepts to enhance the heat‐removal limit
A challenge beyond the heat‐removal limit by introducing the post‐BT (boiling transition) criteria
In this paper, aiming for more efficient processes and a higher level of optimization in the nuclear fuel design, the importance of some key physical models and relevant experimental data is focused in order to improve prediction accuracy of the heat transfer including the post BT region. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; 39(7): 482–491, 2010; Published online 2 June 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20308
Regulatory T cells in tumor immunity
Authors: Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Sakaguchi Shimon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are physiologically engaged in the maintenance of immunological self‐tolerance, play critical roles for the control of antitumor immune responses. For example, a large number of Foxp3+Tregs infiltrate into tumors, and systemic removal of Foxp3+Tregs enhances natural as well as vaccine‐induced antitumor T‐cell responses. Tregs are recruited to tumor tissues via chemokines, such as CCL22 binding to CCR4 expressed by Tregs. They appear to expand and become activated in tumor tissues and in the draining lymph nodes by recognizing tumor‐associated antigens as well as normal self‐antigen expressed by tumor cells. These results indicate that cancer vaccines targeting tumor‐associated self‐antigens may potentially expand/activate Tregs and hamper effective antitumor immune responses, and that tumor immunity can therefore be enhanced by depleting Tregs, attenuating Treg suppressive function, or rendering effector T cells refractory to Treg‐mediated suppression. Recent attempts have indeed demonstrated that combinations of monoclonal antibodies capable of modulating Treg functions synergistically enhance antitumor activity and are more effective than a single monoclonal antibody therapy. Combination therapy targeting a variety of molecules expressed in antigen‐presenting cells, effector T cells and Tregs is envisaged to be a promising anticancer immunotherapy.
Trends in the incidence of cancer in the Sousse region, Tunisia, 1993–2006
Authors: Missaoui Nabiha , Trabelsi Amel , Parkin Donald M. , Jaidene Lilia , Chatti Daniel , Mokni Moncef , Korbi Sadok , Hmissa Sihem 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this article, we analyzed trends in incidence rates of the major cancer sites for a 14‐year period, 1993–2006, in the Sousse region localized in the centre of Tunisia. Five‐year age‐specific rates, crude incidence rates (CR), world age‐standardized rates (ASR), percent change (PC) and annual percent change (APC) were calculated using annual data on population size and its estimated age structure. A total of 6,975 incident cases of cancer were registered, with a male to‐female sex ratio of 1.4:1. ASRs showed stable trends (−0.1% in males, and +1.0% in females). The leading cancer sites in rank were lung, breast, lymphoma, colon‐rectum, bladder, prostate, leukemia, stomach and cervix uteri. For males, the incidence rates of lung, bladder and prostate cancers remained stable over time. While, cancers of colon‐rectum showed a marked increase in incidence (APC: +4.8%; 95% CI: 1.2%, 8.4%) and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) showed a notable decline (APC: −4.4%; 95% CI: −8.2, −0.6). For females, cancers of the breast (APC: +2.2%; 95% CI: 0.4%, 4.0%) and corpus uteri (APC: +7.4%; 95% CI: 2.8%, 12.0%) showed a marked increase in incidence during the study period, while the cervix uteri cancer decreased significantly (APC: −6.1%; 95% CI: −9.2%, −3.0%). The results underline the increasing importance of cancer as a cause of mortality and morbidity in Tunisia. Our findings justify the need to develop effective program aiming at the control and prevention of the spread of cancer amongst Tunisian population.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation during pregnancy, and in adult nulliparous mice, delays the subsequent development of DMBA‐induced mammary tumors
Authors: Wang Tao , Gavin Heather M. , Arlt Volker M. , Lawrence B. Paige , Fenton Suzanne E. , Medina Daniel , Vorderstrasse Beth A. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD), the prototypic ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), promotes tumor formation in some model systems. However, with regard to breast cancer, epidemiological and animal studies are inconclusive as to whether exposure increases tumor incidence or may instead be protective. We have previously reported that mice exposed to TCDD during pregnancy have impaired differentiation of mammary tissue, including decreased branching and poor development of lobuloalveolar structures. Because normal pregnancy‐induced mammary differentiation may protect against subsequent neoplastic transformation, we hypothesized that TCDD‐treated mice would be more susceptible to chemical carcinogenesis after parturition. To test this, mice were treated with TCDD or vehicle during pregnancy. Four weeks later, 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was administered to induce mammary tumor formation. Contrary to our hypothesis, TCDD‐exposed parous mice showed a 4‐week delay in tumor formation relative to controls, and they had a lower tumor incidence throughout the 27‐week time course. The same results were obtained in nulliparous mice given TCDD and DMBA on the same schedule. We next addressed whether the delayed tumor incidence was a reflection of decreased tumor initiation, by testing the formation of DMBA‐DNA adducts and preneoplastic lesions, induction of cytochrome P450s, and cell proliferation. None of these markers of tumor initiation differed between vehicle‐ and TCDD‐treated animals. The expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 was also measured to address their possible role in tumorigenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that AhR activation by TCDD slows the promotion of preneoplastic lesions to overt mammary tumors.
Cell Lysis of Cyanobacteria and Its Implications for Nutrient Dynamics
Authors: Ye Linlin , Wu Xiaodong , Tan Xiao , Shi Xiaoli , Li Daming , Yu Yang , Zhang Min , Kong Fanxiang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe dynamics of nutrients, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbohydrates, during cyanobacteria cell lysis was investigated under darkness incubation in the laboratory. The cell lysis rate of cyanobacteria sampled from Lake Taihu was measured using an esterase assay. Based on particulate esterase activity, the calculated cyanobacteria lysis rate was 0.094 d–1. During 30 days of darkness incubation, Chlorophyll a concentration decreased from 56 μg L–1 to 2.0 μg L–1. Parallel to this, total particulate carbohydrate concentration decreased rapidly. The fluctuation of dissolved organic carbon concentration was a function of the production of non‐carbohydrate by cyanobacteria and the decomposition of carbohydrate by bacteria. Total dissolved carbohydrates and dissolved polysaccharides concentrations showed a similar pattern, declining at the beginning of the experiment and keeping relatively stable, thereafter. In contrast, the concentration of dissolved monosaccharides remained constant during the entire process. The concentrations of NH4+ and PO43– increased at the early stage, and then decreased afterwards. A gradual decrease in NO3– concentration after day 8 indicated that anaerobic conditions might be produced during the cell lysis process. The present results demonstrated cyanobacteria cell lysis has a big influence on the nutrient status of the surrounding water. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of the Environmental Factors on the Caloric Content of Benthic and Phytophilous Invertebrates in Neotropical Reservoirs in the Paraná State, Brazil
Authors: Moretto Bagatini Yara , Benedito Evanilde , Higuti Janet 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe complexity of the relations between the organisms and the environment are reflected through the energy content. So we tested the hypothesis on body energy content variation in invertebrates and its relation with some environmental factors (season, habitat type, trophic status and trophic guild). We expected higher energy values for phytophilous fauna, rainy season, in reservoirs with higher trophic levels and for herbivorous invertebrates. The results showed the influence of seasonality and trophic status of the reservoir on the energy content of invertebrates, which was higher in the rainy season and in the mesotrophic reservoirs, due to the input of allochthonous material during this season, confirming our initial prediction. A higher caloric content was recorded for carnivorous and detritivorous invertebrates. The differences between the trophic guilds were primarily related to the opportunistic feeding behavior, which may be considered as one of the main factors controlling the energy flow of benthic and phytophilous invertebrates. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preliminary evaluation of acute toxicity of 188Re–BMEDA–liposome in rats
Authors: Liu Chi‐Mou , Chang Chih‐Hsien , Chang Ya‐Jen , Hsu Chin‐Wei , Chen Liang‐Cheng , Chen Hsiao‐Lin , Ho Chung‐Li , Yu Chia‐Yu , Chang Tsui‐Jung , Chiang Tung‐Chuan , Lee Te‐Wei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLiposomes can selectively target cancer sites and carry payloads, thereby improving diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness and reducing toxicity. To evaluate therapeutic strategies, it is essential to use animal models reflecting important safety aspects before clinical application. The objective of this study was to investigate acute radiotoxicity of 188Re‐N,N‐bis (2‐mercaptoethyl)‐N′,N′‐diethylethylenediamine (BMEDA)‐labeled pegylated liposomes (188Re–BMEDA–liposome) in Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats were administered with 188Re–BMEDA–liposome, normal saline as blank or non‐radioactive liposome as vehicle control via intravenous injection and observed for 14 days. Examinations were conducted with respect to mortality, clinical signs, food consumption, body weight and hematological and biochemical analyses. In addition, gross necropsy, histopathological examinations and cytogenetic analyses were also performed. None of the rats died and no clinical sign was observed during the 14‐day study period. Rats administered with 188Re–BMEDA–liposome at dosage of 185 MBq displayed a significant weight loss compared with the control from study day (SD) 1 to SD 4, and the white blood cell count reduced to 5–10% of initial value (female: 18.55 ± 6.58 to 0.73 ± 0.26 × 103 µl−1; male: 14.52 ± 5.12 to 1.43 ± 0.54 × 103 µl−1) 7 days‐post injection, but were found to have recovered on SD 15. There were no significant differences in biochemical parameters and histopathological assessments between the 188Re–BMEDA–liposome‐treated and control groups. The frequencies of dicentric chromosomes were associated with dosage of 188Re–BMEDA–liposome. The information generated from this study on acute toxicity will serve as a safety reference for further subacute toxicity study in rats and human clinical trials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinct immunohistomorphologic changes in periprosthetic hip tissues from historical and highly crosslinked UHMWPE implant retrievals
Authors: Baxter Ryan M. , Ianuzzi Allyson , Freeman Theresa A. , Kurtz Steven M. , Steinbeck Marla J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAssessment of immune response to implant wear debris in periprosthetic tissue following total hip arthroplasty suggests that multiple factors are involved in the loss implant function. The current study investigated wear debris and the associated immunohistomorphologic changes in tissues from nine patients with historical (gamma air‐sterilized) and nine highly crosslinked UHMWPE implant components. Paraffin embedded tissue sections were evaluated for the presence of histiocytes, giant cells, fibrocartilage/bone, and necrosis. To determine the incidence, degree and co‐localization of immunohistomorphologic changes and wear, overlapping full‐field tissue arrays were collected in brightfield and polarized light. The historical cohort tissues predominantly showed histiocytes associated with significant accumulations of small wear (0.5–2 μm), and giant cells associated with large wear (≥2 μm). Frequently, focal regions of necrosis were observed in association with wear debris. For the highly crosslinked cohort, inflammation and associated wear debris were limited, but in tissues from patients revised after implantation times of >2 years a response was observed. Whereas significant amounts of fibrocartilage/bone were observed in patients at earlier implantation times. In both cohorts, tissue responses were more extensive in the retroacetabular or proximal femoral regions. The current findings suggest that wear debris‐induced inflammation may be a major contributor to the loss of implant function for both the historical and highly crosslinked cohorts, but it is not the primary cause of early implant loosening. This study highlights the importance of using a more quantitative and standardized assessment of immunohistomorphologic responses in periprosthetic tissues, and emphasizes differences in specific anatomical regions of individual patient tissues. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Role of histone acetylation in the development of diabetic retinopathy and the metabolic memory phenomenon
Authors: Zhong Qing , Kowluru Renu A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHyperglycemia is considered as one of the major determinants in the development of diabetic retinopathy, but the progression of retinopathy resists arrest after hyperglycemia is terminated, suggesting a metabolic memory phenomenon. Diabetes alters the expression of retinal genes, and this continues even after good glycemic control is re‐instituted. Since the expression of genes is affected by chromatin structure that is modulated by post‐translational modifications of histones, our objective is to investigate the role of histone acetylation in the development of diabetic retinopathy, and in the metabolic memory phenomenon. Streptozotocin‐induced rats were maintained either in poor glycemic control (PC, glycated hemoglobin, GHb >11%) or good glycemic control (GC, GHb <6%) for 12 months, or allowed to be in PC for 6 months followed by in GC for 6 months (PC‐GC). On a cellular level, retinal endothelial cells, the target of histopathology of diabetic retinopathy, were incubated in 5 or 20 mM glucose for 4 days. Activities of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferase (HAT), and histone acetylation were quantified. Hyperglycemia activated HDAC and increased HDAC1, 2, and 8 gene expressions in the retina and its capillary cells. The activity HAT was compromised and the acetylation of histone H3 was decreased. Termination of hyperglycemia failed to provide any benefits to diabetes‐induced changes in retinal HDAC and HAT, and histone H3 remained subnormal. This suggests “in principle” the role of global acetylation of retinal histone H3 in the development of diabetic retinopathy and in the metabolic memory phenomenon associated with its continued progression. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1306–1313, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.