bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing satisfaction, quality of life, and HbA1c changes in type 1 diabetes patients who are using freestyle libre glucose monitoring
Authors: Alsahli Majed A. , Alalwan Abdulaziz , Aburisheh Khaled H. , Alarifi Faisal F. , Alshaya Hesham M. , Alkholaif Abdulrahman F. , Shadid Abdulrahman M. , Alsahli Saud A. , Alsahly Abdullaziz A. , Alkhalifah Mohammed K. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic auto-immune disease in which loss of pancreatic islet β-cells leads to the deficiency of insulin in the body thus resulting in enhanced blood sugar levels. Effective blood glucose monitoring is crucial in T1DM management to prevent complications, particularly hypoglycemia.

Method:
The study adopted a cross-sectional survey to assess satisfaction and quality of life among T1DM patients using the freestyle libre continuous glucose monitoring (FSL-CGM), and a retrospective cohort study design to evaluate changes in HbA1c over a year.

Result:
The study involved 98 Saudi subjects, with 46.9% (n = 46) being male. The results indicated a high level of user satisfaction, with more than 85% of the participants responding positively, yielding a total satisfaction score of 30.86. User satisfaction with FSL-CGM was found to be significantly associated with the level of education. The use of FSL-CGM was also found to significantly improve the patients’ quality of life. However, the levels of HbA1c had an impact on both satisfaction and quality of life. Before using the FSL-CGM system, the mean HbA1c was 9.83%, which significantly decreased to 8.63% after using the system (P-value <0.001).

Conclusion:
The study’s findings align with previous literature on satisfaction and quality of life, but there are conflicting results regarding the reduction of HbA1c levels using FSL-CGM. Given the limited sample size, future research could explore the topic more comprehensively, potentially utilizing a longitudinal study design to better measure changes in HbA1c level.
Evaluation of trend and mortality pattern of communicable diseases in a teaching institution in Kerala
Authors: Rajina K. R. , Madhavikutty Geethadevi , Philip Sairu , Raj P. Jasna , Gireesh C. G. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Even in this era of epidemiologic transition communicable disease is still a major public health problem. Surveillance and timely prevention and control activities are the key to the reduction of morbidity and mortality of communicable diseases. Identifying the trend in communicable diseases and pattern of mortality for a period of ten years will be an insight into the ongoing surveillance.

Aim:
In this study we have analysed data from 2013 to 2022 to evaluate the trend and mortality pattern of communicable diseases in a teaching institution in Kerala.

Settings and Design:
A retrospective record-based cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Kottayam.

Methods and Material:
All confirmed communicable disease cases reported from 2013 to 2022 were included in this study except COVID-19-positive cases. The communicable diseases were grouped as: airborne, waterborne, vector-borne, zoonosis, bloodborne diseases and others. SPSS version 20.0 software, Microsoft Word, and Excel were used in data handling and analysis.

Results:
Total cases reported were 48124. The majority of the morbidity was due to airborne diseases (17585,37%) followed by waterborne diseases (6381, 13%). The total number of deaths reported was 1842. Airborne and zoonotic diseases together accounted for more than 50% of the mortality. Case fatality rate of zoonosis (20.2%) was the highest followed by bloodborne diseases (10.2%).

Conclusions:
Communicable diseases still continue as a public health problem contributing to morbidity and mortality. Airborne diseases and zoonotic diseases constitute the maximum mortality.
Gait analysis and geriatric syndromes: An association among elderly patients attending a teaching hospital of Delhi
Authors: Maity Suman , Das Himadri , Chakrawarty Avinash , Devanbu Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Gait abnormalities are prevalent, affecting a substantial portion of the elderly population, and leading to mobility limitations, reduced quality of life, falls, hospitalizations, and premature death.

Objectives:
The study aims to assess gait patterns among individuals aged 75 years and above attending the geriatric OPD of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi and evaluate their association with various geriatric syndromes.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, from May 2019 to November 2021, involved 100 participants aged 75 and above. It encompassed a thorough assessment protocol covering demographics, health history, clinical and functional evaluations, depression, cognition, balance, frailty, urinary incontinence, polypharmacy, nutrition, comorbidities, and gait analysis.

Results:
In this study of elderly individuals, the mean age was 78.56 years, and the mean BMI was 23.11. The participants had an average of 1.74 comorbidities, with hypertension being the most prevalent (62%), followed by diabetes (25%), chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD) (11%), and coronary artery disease (15%). Geriatric assessments revealed varying proportions of frailty (34%), polypharmacy (40%), and urinary incontinence (9%). The mean scores for activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, nutritional status, cognitive function, Timed Up and Go Test, and depression scale were also reported. Various gait parameters demonstrated significant correlations with these geriatric factors, including frailty, comorbidities, BMI, and mobility scores.

Conclusion:
The study identified significant associations between gait patterns and various geriatric syndromes, emphasizing the importance of gait analysis in assessing the health and mobility of elderly individuals.
Nurture clinic: Promoting mental health of children and adolescents
Authors: Govindan Radhakrishnan , Rajeswari Bingi , Kommu John Vijay Sagar 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Nurses play an important role in multidisciplinary teams while treating children and adolescents with mental health issues. Nurses should recognize and capitalize on the client’s and family’s strengths as they develop interventions, provide education, and refer to resources as appropriate.

Materials and Methods:
It is a mixed-method research, with an initial qualitative phase of obtaining data by in-depth interviews of parents on caring for children and adolescents with mental illness followed by quantitative assessment of the level of care dependency and implementation of need-based nursing interventions to the children and adolescents with mental illness.

Results:
A total of 235 boys and 123 girls received the interventions. The majority of them (51.4%) were boys aged between 6 and 12 years and the highest diagnosis was attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (34%). The need-based interventions required were nutrition (90%), prevention of injury and infection (83%), and positive and productive engagement (80%). Other interventions included self-care, physical activity, and medication.

Conclusion:
Need-based nursing interventions help in promoting the mental health of children and adolescents. This approach may be extended to primary care facilities and community mental healthcare by nurses.
Ten-year risk of cardiovascular events among the adult population of West Tripura District of India by the Framingham risk score: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Paul Ashit Kumar , Das Dilip Kumar , Bhattacharjya Himadri , Paul Dhruba Prasad , Kundu Bhargabi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Predicting the 10-year risk of cardiovascular events (CVEs) may save lives through timely intervention. Framingham risk scoring (FRS) can effectively predict this risk.

Objectives:
This study aimed to estimate the 10-year risk of CVE using FRS and to estimate the prevalence of CVD risk factors and their associations with FRS among adults in the West Tripura District of India.

Methodology:
This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 November 2019 to 30 November 2021 in the West Tripura District of India, using FRS 2008 and a pretested interview schedule among 290 individuals aged ≥ 30 years chosen by multistage sampling.

Result:
The majority, that is 61.7%, of the study subjects had low risk, 18.6% had intermediate risk and 19.7% had high risk of CVE within 10 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 55.6%; diabetes mellitus, 55.9%; smoking, 96.2%; dyslipidaemia, 34.3%; alcohol consumption, 96.2%; physical inactivity, 54%; and obesity, 64.6%. The bivariate analysis detected a significant association of FRS with age, sex, residence, literacy, marital status, obesity, smoking, alcoholism, blood pressure (BP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and glycaemic status of the study subjects. The logistic regression analysis has identified age >50 years, male sex, hypertension, smoking and diabetes mellitus as significant determinants of high FRS.

Conclusion:
Adults living in the West Tripura District of India have a high prevalence of CVD risk factors. About one-fifth of this population has a high risk of CVE in 10 years. Controlling hypertension, smoking and diabetes mellitus may help reduce this risk.
Non-vitamin K oral antagonist (NOAC) compared to vitamin K antagonist (VKA) in left ventricular thrombus
Authors: Al-Kaf Fahmi , Al Basiri Saleh , Al Ash’hab Yasser , Otain Mohammad , Al Askary Hafed , Al Khushail Abdullah , Robert Asirvatham Alwin , Al Fagih Ahmed 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Thromboembolic events are serious left ventricular thrombus (LVT) complications. Despite the limitations of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) drugs, it continues to be the recommended oral anticoagulation for LVT. Recently, nonvitamin K oral antagonist (NOAC) has gained popularity as an off-labeled treatment for systemic embolism prevention in LVT.

Objective:
In this study, we aim to compare the outcomes (stroke and bleeding) of warfarin versus NOAC therapy in patients with LVT.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study compares NOAC and VKA therapy in LVT patients. We enrolled 201 patients with an echocardiography-confirmed LVT from January 2018 to December 2022. Patients who received NOAC therapy (NOAC, n = 77) were compared to VKA patients (VKA, n = 124). The primary endpoint was a composite of stroke, minor and major bleeding.

Results:
The median follow-up time was 17 months (25th–75th percentiles: 8–38). On unmatched analysis, both groups had no difference in major bleeding (log-rank, P = 0.61) and stroke (log-rank, P = 0.77). However, all bleeding events were higher with NOAC (log-rank, P = 0.01). On matched analysis, there was no difference between both groups in the overall bleeding events (P = 0.08), major bleeding (P = 0.57), and stroke (P = 0.66). Minor bleeding was significantly lower in the VKA group (P = 0.04).

Conclusion:
In patients with LVT, NOAC was as effective as VKA in stroke prevention without increasing the risk of major bleeding.
Drug susceptibility testing and line probe assay of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs among presumptive tuberculosis patients attending a secondary care hospital in Bhubaneswar
Authors: Singh Khusbu , Barik Braja S. , Das Shritam , Hussain Tahziba , Gupta Bhawna , Das Dasarathi , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Pyrazinamide (PZA) is important for identification in multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis patients before starting therapy. PZA drug susceptibility testing (DST) is essential for the management of drug-resistant and susceptible TB patients.

Aims:
The degree of drug resistance among TB patients and discrepancy between DST results of the phenotype and genotype were assessed.

Materials and Methods:
Socio-demographic and clinical profiles of TB patients recruited in the study were documented. Sputum samples were processed for diagnosis using TrueNat Xpert MTB, TrueNat Xpert MTB Plus, and MGIT culture.

Results:
Rifampicin (RIF) line probe assay (LPA) showed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%, whereas isoniazid (INH) LPA testing showed a sensitivity of 85.7%, a specificity and PPV of 100%, and NPV of 94.8%. The gene mutation for RIF resistance was between the codon, 530–533 of rpoB gene, and that for INH resistance was at the codon, 315 of katG gene.

Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrated high prevalence of mono- and poly-drug resistance as well as pyrazinamide resistance.
A critical evaluation of contents, labeling, and cost of hand sanitizers marketed in India during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Piparva Kiran G. , Dutta Siddhartha , Singhal Shubha , Shah Rima 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Antiseptics were introduced a long time ago, but their significance was noteworthy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hand sanitizer plays a pivotal role as a preventive measure. Multiple national authorities have advocated for the application of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers (ABHS). During the pandemic, a surge in demand and limited supply prompted numerous manufacturers to ramp up production. Consequently, it is imperative to scrutinize the composition, labeling, and price of hand sanitizers.

Aims and Objective:
To assess the contents, labeling, and price of hand sanitizers available in the Indian market.

Methodology:
Hand sanitizers, both online and offline, marketed in India between May 2019 and May 2022 were included. Hand sanitizers by local manufacturers without labeling were excluded. Contents and labeling of hand sanitizers were evaluated as per World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Price was assessed as a percentage cost variation.

Result:
Out of 79, the majority (98.73%) were ABHS, and 28.20% of them met the recommended criteria for “Adequate” alcohol concentration. Ethyl alcohol emerged as the most prevalent (69.23%), often accompanied by emollients, humectants, fragrances, and color additives. Notably, 69.62% of the hand sanitizers featured comprehensive labeling, while incomplete labels lacked essential details under “Warning and Cautions.” The average price of hand sanitizers was Rs 505.11 ± 255.36.

Conclusion:
Choosing ABHS with appropriate alcohol concentrations in line with recommendations is crucial. To ensure the proper and safe use of hand sanitizers, individuals should follow the instructions provided on the product labels; both manufacturers and regulators are responsible for adhering to standards for hand sanitizers made available to the public.
Theta blocks
Authors: Gritsenko Valery , Skoruppa Nils-Peter , Zagier Don 
Published: June 2024

We define theta blocks as products of Jacobi theta functions divided by powers of the Dedekind eta function and show that they give a new powerful method to construct Jacobi forms and Siegel modular forms, with applications also in lattice theory and algebraic geometry. One of the central questions is when a theta block defines a Jacobi form. It turns out that this seemingly simple question is connected to various deep problems in different fields ranging from Fourier analysis over infinite-dimensional Lie algebras to the theory of moduli spaces in algebraic geometry. We give several answers to this question.
Simplified liver imaging reporting and data system for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lyu Rong , Hu Wei-Juan , Wang Di , Wang Jiao , Ye Yu-Bing , Jia Ke-Feng 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
The liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) diagnostic table has 15 cells and is too complex. The diagnostic performance of LI-RADS for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not satisfactory on gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB-MRI).
AIM
To evaluate the ability of the simplified LI-RADS (sLI-RADS) to diagnose HCC on EOB-MRI.
METHODS
A total of 331 patients with 356 hepatic observations were retrospectively analysed. The diagnostic performance of sLI-RADS A-D using a single threshold was evaluated and compared with LI-RADS v2018 to determine the optimal sLI-RADS. The algorithms of sLI-RADS A-D are as follows: The single threshold for sLI-RADS A and B was 10 mm, that is, classified observations ≥ 10mm using an algorithm of 10-19 mm observations (sLI-RADS A) and ≥ 20 mm observations (sLI-RADS B) in the diagnosis table of LI-RADS v2018, respectively, while the classification algorithm remained unchanged for observations < 10 mm; the single threshold for sLI-RADS C and D was 20 mm, that is, for < 20 mm observations, the algorithms for < 10 mm observations (sLI-RADS C)and 10-19 mm observations (sLI-RADS D) were used, respectively, while the algorithm remained unchanged for observations ≥ 20 mm. With hepatobiliary phase (HBP) hypointensity as a major feature (MF), the final sLI-RADS (F-sLI-RADS) was formed according to the optimal sLI-RADS, and its diagnostic performance was evaluated. The times needed to classify the observations according to F-sLI-RADS and LI-RADS v2018 were compared.
RESULTS
The optimal sLI-RADS was sLI-RADS D (with a single threshold of 20 mm), because its sensitivity was greater than that of LI-RADS v2018 (89.8% vs 87.0%, P = 0.031), and its specificity was not lower (89.4% vs 90.1%, P > 0.999). With HBP hypointensity as an MF, the sensitivity of F-sLI-RADS was greater than that of LI-RADS v2018 (93.0% vs 87.0%, P < 0.001) and sLI-RADS D (93.0% vs 89.8%, P = 0.016), without a lower specificity (86.5% vs 90.1%, P = 0.062; 86.5% vs 89.4%, P = 0.125). Compared with that of LI-RADS v2018, the time to classify lesions according to F-sLI-RADS was shorter (51 ± 21 s vs 73 ± 24 s, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The use of sLI-RADS with HBP hypointensity as an MF may improve the sensitivity of HCC diagnosis and reduce lesion classification time.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: An analysis of the expression status of stress granules and their prognostic value
Authors: Ren Qing-Shuai , Sun Qiu , Cheng Shu-Qin , Du Li-Ming , Guo Ping-Xuan 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global popular malignant tumor, which is difficult to cure, and the current treatment is limited.
AIM
To analyze the impacts of stress granule (SG) genes on overall survival (OS), survival time, and prognosis in HCC.
METHODS
The combined The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC), GSE25097, and GSE36376 datasets were utilized to obtain genetic and clinical information. Optimal hub gene numbers and corresponding coefficients were determined using the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model approach, and genes for constructing risk scores and corresponding correlation coefficients were calculated according to multivariate Cox regression, respectively. The prognostic model’s receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was produced and plotted utilizing the time ROC software package. Nomogram models were constructed to predict the outcomes at 1, 3, and 5-year OS prognostications with good prediction accuracy.
RESULTS
We identified seven SG genes (DDX1 , DKC1 , BICC1 , HNRNPUL1 , CNOT6 , DYRK3 , CCDC124 ) having a prognostic significance and developed a risk score model. The findings of Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the group with a high risk exhibited significantly reduced OS in comparison with those of the low-risk group (P < 0.001). The nomogram model’s findings indicate a significant enhancement in the accuracy of OS prediction for individuals with HCC in the TCGA-HCC cohort. Gene Ontology and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggested that these SGs might be involved in the cell cycle, RNA editing, and other biological processes.
CONCLUSION
Based on the impact of SG genes on HCC prognosis, in the future, it will be used as a biomarker as well as a unique therapeutic target for the identification and treatment of HCC.
Fine-needle aspiration technique under endoscopic ultrasound guidance: A technical approach for RNA profiling of pancreatic neoplasms
Authors: Seyfedinova Sabina Sherafedinovna , Freylikhman Olga Aleksandrovna , Sokolnikova Polina Sergeevna , Samochernykh Konstantin Aleksandrovich , Kostareva Anna Aleksandrovna , Kalinina Olga Viktorovna , Solonitsyn Evgeniy Gennadievich 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Early diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been a longstanding challenge. The prognosis of patients with PDAC depends on the stage at diagnosis. It is necessary to identify biomarkers for the detection and differentiation of pancreatic tumors and optimize PDAC sample preparation procedures for DNA and RNA analysis. Most molecular studies are done using paraffin-embedded blocks; however, the integrity of DNA and RNA is often compromised in this format. Moreover, RNA isolated from human pancreatic tissue samples is generally of low quality, in part, because of the high concentration of endogenous pancreatic RNAse activity present.
AIM
To assess the potential of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) to obtain specimens from pancreatic neoplasms for subsequent RNA molecular profiling, including next-generation sequencing (NGS).
METHODS
Thirty-four EUS-FNA samples were included in this study: PDAC (n = 15), chronic pancreatitis (n = 5), pancreatic cysts (n = 14), mucinous cysts (mucinous cystic neoplasia/intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia) n = 7, serous cystic neoplasms n = 5, and pseudocysts n = 2. Cyst material consisted of cyst fluid and cyst wall samples obtained by through-the-needle biopsy (TTNB). Samples were stored at -80 °C until analysis. RNA purity (A260/230, A260/280 ratios), concentration, and integrity (RIN) were assessed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted on all samples, and small RNA libraries were prepared from solid mass samples.
RESULTS
RNA was successfully extracted from 29/34 (85%) EUS-FNA samples: 100% pancreatic adenocarcinoma samples, 100% chronic pancreatitis samples, 70% pancreatic fluid cyst samples, and 50% TTNB samples. The relative expression of GAPDH and HPRT were obtained for all successfully extracted RNA samples (n = 29) including low-quality RNA specimens. Low concentration and nonoptimal RIN values (no less than 3) of RNA extracted from EUS-FNA samples did not prevent NGS library preparation. The suitability of cyst fluid samples for RNA profiling varied. The quality of RNA extracted from mucinous cyst fluid had a median RIN of 7.7 (5.0-8.2), which was compatible with that from solid neoplasms [6.2 (0-7.8)], whereas the quality of the RNA extracted from all fluids of serous cystic neoplasms and TTNB samples had a RIN of 0.
CONCLUSION
The results demonstrate the high potential of EUS-FNA material for RNA profiling of various pancreatic lesions, including low-quality RNA specimens.