bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of resistance to vascular endothelial growth factor blockade
Authors: Abdullah Shaad E. , Perez‐Soler Roman 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAngiogenesis is essential for the growth of primary tumors and for their metastasis. This process is induced by factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), that bind to transmembrane VEGF receptors (VEGFRs). VEGF‐A is the primary factor involved with angiogenesis; it binds to both VEGFR‐1 and VEGFR‐2. The inhibition of angiogenesis by obstructing VEGF‐A signaling has been investigated as a method to treat solid tumors, but the development of resistance to this blockade has complicated treatment. The major mechanisms of this resistance to VEGF‐A blockade include signaling by redundant receptors, such as the fibroblast growth factors, angiopoietin‐1, ephrins, and other forms of VEGF. Other major mechanisms of resistance are increased metastasis of hypoxia‐resistant tumor cells, recruitment of cell types capable of promoting VEGF‐independent angiogenesis, and increased circulation of nontumor proangiogenic factors. Additional mechanisms of resistance to VEGF‐A blockade include heterogeneity of responsiveness among tumor cells, use of anti‐VEGF‐A agents at insufficient doses or for insufficient duration, altered sensitivity to anti‐VEGF‐A agents by mutations in endothelial cells or vascular remodeling, maintenance of vascular sleeves that allow for easy regrowth of tumor vasculature upon discontinuation of therapy, vascular cooption, and intussusceptive angiogenesis. An understanding of these mechanisms may lead to the development of targeted therapies that overcome this resistance. Some of these approaches include the combined inhibition of redundant angiogenic pathways, proper patient selection for various therapies based on gene expression profiles, blockade of cellular migration by inhibition of colony‐stimulating factor, or the use of agents to disrupt vascular architecture. Cancer 2012;3455–3467. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Risk assessment models for cancer‐associated venous thromboembolism
Authors: Dutia Mrinal , White Richard H. , Wun Ted 
Published: November 2011

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in cancer patients, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several factors, including procoagulant agents secreted by tumor cells, immobilization, surgery, indwelling catheters, and systemic treatment (including chemotherapy), contribute to an increased risk of VTE in cancer patients. There is growing interest in instituting primary prophylaxis in high‐risk patients to prevent incident (first‐time) VTE events. The identification of patients at sufficiently high risk of VTE to warrant primary thromboprophylaxis is essential, as anticoagulation may be associated with a higher risk of bleeding. Current guidelines recommend the use of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in postoperative and hospitalized cancer patients, as well as ambulatory cancer patients receiving thalidomide or lenalidomide in combination with high‐dose dexamethasone or chemotherapy, in the absence of contraindications to anticoagulation. However, the majority of cancer patients are ambulatory, and currently primary thromboprophylaxis is not recommended for these patients, even those considered at very high risk. In this concise review, the authors discuss risk stratification models that have been specifically developed to identify cancer patients at high risk for VTE, and thus might be useful in future studies designed to determine the potential benefit of primary thromboprophylaxis. Cancer 2012;3468–3476. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Summary of ‘Interventions for treating scabies’
Authors: Editorial Office Evidence‐Based Child Health 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis is a summary of Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Strong M, Johnstone P. Interventions for treating scabies. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD000320. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000320.pub2 Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Different powered toothbrushes for plaque control and gingival health’
Authors: Editorial Office Evidence‐Based Child Health 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis is a summary of Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Deacon SA, Glenny AM, Deery C, Robinson PG, Heanue M, Walmsley AD, Shaw WC. Different powered toothbrushes for plaque control and gingival health. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD004971. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004971.pub2. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
ARE ANCHORING VIGNETTES RATINGS SENSITIVE TO VIGNETTE AGE AND SEX?
Authors: Jürges Hendrik , Winter Joachim 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTAnchoring vignettes are commonly used to study and correct for differential item functioning and response bias in subjective survey questions. Self‐assessed health status is a leading example. A crucial assumption of the vignette methodology is ‘vignette equivalence’: The health status of the person described in the vignette must be perceived by all respondents in the same way. We use data from a survey experiment conducted with a sample of almost 5000 older Americans to validate this assumption. We find weak evidence that respondents' vignette ratings may be sensitive to the sex and, for older respondents, also to the age (implied by the first name) of the person described in the vignette. Our findings suggest that vignette equivalence may not hold, at least if the potentially subtle connotations of vignette persons' names are not fully controlled. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety and efficacy of olanzapine monotherapy in treatment‐resistant bipolar mania: a 12‐week open‐label study
Authors: Chen Jun , Muzina David J. , Kemp David E. , Conroy Carla , Chan Philip , Serrano Mary Beth , Ganocy Stephen J. , Fang Yiru , Calabrese Joseph R. , Gao Keming 
Published: November 2011

ObjectiveTo examine the safety and efficacy of olanzapine monotherapy in treatment‐resistant bipolar mania.MethodSubjects (n = 18) who were acutely manic, did not respond to lithium, anticonvulsants, and neuroleptics, and/or had intolerable side effects to them in previous manic episodes were openly treated with olanzapine monotherapy (5–40 mg/d) for 12 weeks. The primary and secondary outcomes included the change from baseline to endpoint in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total score, Clinical Global Impression for Bipolar Disorder‐Severity Scale (CGI‐S), 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and response and remission rate.ResultsThe mean change in YMRS total score from baseline to endpoint was −23.3 ± 8.4 (p < 0.001). Fifteen (88.5%) patients achieved response (≥50% reduction in YMRS total score) and 14 (77.8%) achieved remission (YMRS total score ≤9 at endpoint). Mean changes from baseline to endpoint in CGI‐S for mania and PANSS total score were significant, but not the changes in HAM‐D total score or CGI‐S for depression. The most common adverse events were sedation, self‐reported weight gain, ≥7% increase in body weight, dizziness, and akathisia.ConclusionsThese preliminary results suggest that olanzapine monotherapy is effective and relatively safe in patients with treatment‐resistant bipolar mania. Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study is warranted. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Troubleshooting fine‐tuning procedures for qPCR system design
Authors: Raso Alessandro , Mascelli Samantha , Nozza Paolo , Ugolotti Elisabetta , Vanni Irene , Capra Valeria , Biassoni Roberto 
Published: November 2011

AbstractQuantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) has been improved and optimized over the past decade for a wide range of applications. Design of primers and probes is one of the crucial steps to obtain high system efficiency of qPCR since design pitfalls influence negatively amplification performances. We report the results of some experiments. First, we demonstrate the utility of optimal primer design and concentration in PCR by constructing suboptimal primers, for instance with hairpin and primer–dimers secondarystructures, and quantifying the decrease in efficiency of amplification. Second, we show the adverse effects of the target sequence harboring stable secondary structures on the primer binding sites. Finally, we let see that the mere use of probe‐based detection is not enough to ensure robustness of qPCR data, because the eventual detrimental products generated by primers not well designed may influence in any case the PCR efficiency. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:389–394, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Naringenin is an inhibitor of human serum paraoxonase (PON1): an in vitro study
Authors: Mahrooz Abdolkarim , Rashidi Mohammad‐Reza , Nouri Mohammad 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground: Inhibition studies on PON1 as an organophosphate‐hydrolyzing and atheroprotective enzyme could be useful in elucidating the function of PON1. This study is aimed at examining the in vitro effects of the flavonoid naringenin on PON1 activity in human serum and purified enzyme. Methods: The inhibition kinetics of the interaction of naringenin with human PON1 in serum and purified enzyme was determined spectrophotometrically using paraoxon and phenylacetate as the substrates. Results: Naringenin could be introduced as an effective inhibitor on purified human PON1 activity for phenylacetate as the substrate with an IC50 value of 10 µM. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities of PON1, in the serum assay, were also inhibited by naringenin with IC50 values of 37.9 and 34.6 µM, respectively. PON1, according to acompetitive‐type inhibition pattern, was inhibited by naringenin with Ki constant of 14.5 µM for serum paraoxonase activity. The results were compared with a known inhibitor of PON1, 2‐hydroxyquinoline. We believe (to our knowledge) that this is the first reported study for kinetic parameters of PON1 inhibition by naringenin. Conclusions: Lipophilic property appears to be an important feature of the structure in evaluating the inhibitor potential. Comparison of our findings and other authors showed that the induction of PON1 gene by naringenin and its inhibitory effects on the enzyme protein are probably two different mechanisms by which the flavonoid affects PON1. The in vitro data reported in this study could be useful in the development of structure–activity relationship for PON1 inhibition. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:395–401, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of α‐globin gene deletions using denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification
Authors: Cao Meiting , Liu Zhaolan , Jia Xingyuan , Tang Ning , Cai Ren , Wang Lirong , Chen Chen , Xiao Bai , Wang Jun , Liu Jingzhong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground: Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) has been used to detect deletions and mutations of the α‐globin gene for diagnosis of α‐thalassemia. MLPA reaction products are usually separated and analyzed by high‐voltage capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE). The goal of this study was to find and use a cost‐effective method to separate and analyze MLPA products. Methods: Blood samples were collected from China. DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR using fluorescently labeled primers. In this study, denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) was used to separate and analyze the reaction products. And the optimal separation conditions were determined using nondenaturing columntemperature. Results: The DHPLC conditions were optimized and have been applied to separate MLPA products and 27 of the MLPA products from 50 to 320 bp were well separated. DHPLC was able to separate up to 37 reaction products that differed by 4–12 base pairs and detected target gene deletions by differences in peak size. Compared with CGE, both the specificity and sensitivity of DHPLC for the 107 DNA samples were 100%. Conclusions: DHPLC could be used to test routinely for α‐globin gene mutations and deletions. Combined with MLPA, DHPLC is a low‐cost, simple to use, accurate technique with practical value. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:426–431, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serial changes of liver stiffness measured by acoustic radiation force impulse imaging in acute liver failure: A case report
Authors: Kuroda Hidekatsu , Takikawa Yasuhiro , Onodera Mio , Kakisaka Keisuke , Yoshida Yuichi , Kataoka Koujiro , Sawara Kei , Miyamoto Yasuhiro , Oikawa Kanta , Endo Ryujin , Suzuki Kazuyuki 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAcoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is a new technology used to determine liver elasticity. We report the case of a patient that survived hyperacute‐type acute liver failure (ALF) and who showed a dramatic change in the value of shear wave velocity (SWV) measured by ARFI, which corresponded with the severity of her liver damage. The value of SWV increased significantly up to 3.6 ± 0.3 m/s during the encephalopathy phase and then decreased along with the recovery of liver function, the blood flow of the right portal vein, and the liver volume. These findings suggest the value of SWV in ALF as a reliable marker of liver tissue damage. Further investigations of the pathophysiological significance of SWV in ALF are warranted. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 40:99–104, 2012
Elevated vancomycin trough is not associated with nephrotoxicity among inpatient veterans
Authors: Prabaker Kavitha K. , Tran Thuong P.‐H. , Pratummas Tamara , Goetz Matthew Bidwell , Graber Christopher J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Vancomycin troughs of 15‐20 mg/L are recommended in the treatment of invasive staphylococcal disease, higher levels than previously recommended.OBJECTIVE/SETTING:We sought to determine if there was an association between vancomycin trough and nephrotoxicity, defined as 0.5 mg/L or 50% increase in serum creatinine, at a large Veterans Affairs medical center.PATIENTS AND METHODS:We reviewed records of 348 inpatients at our institution who received ≥5 days of vancomycin during 2 time periods when vancomycin dosing protocols differed (May 2005‐April 2006 and January 2007‐December 2007). Potential risk factors for nephrotoxicity were collected prior to nephrotoxicity onset, and all patients with nephrotoxicity events occurring within 5 days of starting vancomycin were excluded.RESULTS:Overall incidence of nephrotoxicity was 31/348 patients (8.9%). A similar percentage of patients experienced nephrotoxicity in 2005‐2006 versus 2007 (16/201 vs 15/147, respectively; P = 0.57), despite a rise in mean (9.7 mg/L in 2005‐2006 vs 13.2 mg/L in 2007; P < 0.0001) and highest (11.8 mg/L in 2005‐2006 vs 15.7 mg/L in 2007; P < 0.0001) vancomycin trough levels achieved. In a multivariate logistic regression model, only receipt of intravenous contrast dye was significantly associated with nephrotoxicity (OR 4.01, P < 0.001), though there was a trend toward an association between maximum vancomycin trough ≥15 mg/L and nephrotoxicity (OR 2.05, P = 0.082). Overall reversibility of nephrotoxicity either prior to or within 72 hours of vancomycin discontinuation was 77.8%.CONCLUSIONS:We conclude that nephrotoxicity, with higher trough levels occurring at ≥5 days of vancomycin therapy, was uncommon at our institution and typically reversible. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012;. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Reactive pyrolysis‐GC: A simple, one‐step, quantitative method for the analysis of fatty acids in natural products
Authors: Freeman Robert R. , Yuzawa Tetsuro , Watanabe Chu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFatty acids in a diverse array of sample types can be derivatized and profiled using reactive pyrolysis – gas chromatography (RxPY), which is, in essence, thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation. Both solid and liquid samples are analyzed directly. When m‐trifluorophenyltrimethyl ammonium hydroxide is used as the organic alkali, analytical precision is on the order of 1%RSD. Quantitative data using ether standard addition or external standard yield accuracies within 5%. The analysis of omega‐3 acids in krill oil is used to illustrate the benefits of using RxPY‐GC.
The use and evaluation of CO2 laser in cleft palate surgery
Authors: Horch Hans‐Henning 
Published: November 2011

AbstractExperimental studies with Rhesus monkeys showed that lateral relaxation sutures used for the reconstruction of the cleft palate can be set without any loss of blood and that epithelialization is almost complete 10 days after the operation. Clinical measurements of blood loss showed a mean blood loss of 13.4% for 30 conventionally operated cleft palates and 8.6% for 10 operated with a CO2 laser. With partial use of the laser, this corresponds to a reduction in the operation‐related blood loss of 36%. The findings show that routine use of the CO2 laser for reconstruction of a cleft palate can currently be recommended for paramarginal relaxation sutures in bridge and pedicled flap methods, thereby reducing the blood loss considerably below the mean shock threshold of 10%.
Various effects of the CO2‐, the neodymium‐yag‐, and the argon‐laser irradiation on bladder tissue
Authors: Frank F. , Keiditsch E. , Hofstetter A. , Pensel J. , Rothenberger K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractApplication of lasers as cutting or coagulation instruments is based on the conversion of light energy into heat in the irradiated tissue. The extent and degree of the thermal action depends on the beam geometry and the energy of the incident light, as well as on the optic and thermal properties of the tissue. The extinction behavior in the tissue differs for the various laser systems employed in medicine. A comparison of the effects on bladder tissue of rats and rabbits is made with Neodymium‐YAG laser and the argon and CO2 lasers to demonstrate the advantages of the Neodymium‐YAG laser, especially for the therapeutic irradiation of bladder tumors.
Chemopreventive effect of a mixture of Chinese Herbs (antitumor B) on chemically induced oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Wang Yian , Yao Ruisheng , Gao Song , Wen Weidong , Du Yinqiu , Szabo Eva , Hu Ming , Lubet Ronald A. , You Ming 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated chemopreventive efficacy of Antitumor B, a Chinese herbal mixture of six plants (Sophora tonkinensis, Polygonum bistorta, Prunella vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis L., Dictamnus dasycarpus, and Dioscorea bulbifera) on the development of 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide (4NQO) induced oral squamous cell carcinomas in A/J mice. Antitumor B, delivered through diet, inhibited 4NQO‐induced oral cancer development by 59.19%. The reduction of cell proliferation appears to be associated with efficacy of Antitumor B against 4NQO‐induced oral cancer in A/J mice. The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphorylated EGFR (Tyr1173) were down‐regulated by Antitumor B. Tissue distribution of Antitumor B was determined using obacunone, matrine, and maackiain as marker chemicals. We found significant amounts of obacunone, matrine, and maackiain in the blood after 1‐wk treatment. The concentrations of these three compounds did not increase further at 18 wk, suggesting that plasma concentrations had reached a steady‐state level at 1 wk. There was no significant body weight loss and there was no other obvious sign of toxicity in Antitumor B‐treated mice. These results suggest that Antitumor B is a promising agent for human oral cancer chemoprevention. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of aberrations in one‐carbon metabolism with molecular phenotype and grade of breast cancer
Authors: Naushad Shaik Mohammad , Pavani Addepalli , Rupasree Yedluri , Divyya Shree , Deepti Sripurna , Digumarti Raghunadha Rao , Gottumukkala Suryanarayana Raju , Prayaga Aruna , Kutala Vijay Kumar 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe have earlier demonstrated the role of aberrant one‐carbon metabolism in the etiology of breast cancer. In the current study, we examine the clinical utility of these factors in predicting the subtype of breast cancer and as indicators of disease progression. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and PCR–amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) approaches were used for genetic analysis. Plasma folate and homocysteine were measured using Axsym folate kit and reverse phase HPLC, respectively. Multiple linear regression models were used to test the predictability of disease progression. Luminal A subtype was associated with late age of onset, higher body mass index and lack of family history of breast cancer. Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) 5′‐UTR 28 bp tandem repeat (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.05–4.16) and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T (OR: 4.10, 95% CI: 1.40–11.95) were strongly associated with Luminal B. Reduced folate carrier (RFC1) G80A (OR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.22–6.97) and methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G (OR: 4.71, 95% CI: 1.66–13.31) polymorphisms were associated with LuminA‐HH subtype while MTHFR C677T showed association with HER‐enriched (OR: 30.41, 95% CI: 6.47–142.91). Cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase (cSHMT) conferred protection against basal‐like breast cancer (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22–0.98). HER‐enriched and basal‐like subtypes showed positive association with familial breast cancer and inverse association with plasma folate. Hyperhomocysteinemia was observed in Luminal B and basal‐like subtypes. Multiple linear regression models of aberrant one‐carbon metabolism were found to be moderate predictors of breast cancer grade (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, C = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58–0.87, P = 0.008). To conclude, aberrations in one‐carbon metabolism predict the subtype of breast cancer and disease progression. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glial S100B is elevated in serum across the spectrum of west nile virus infection
Authors: Leis A. Arturo , Stokic Dobrivoje S. , Petzold Axel 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroduction: We previously reported that protein biomarkers of neuronal death and glial pathology were elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with West Nile virus (WNV) infection, including WNV fever. Therefore, we hypothesized that the glial biomarker S100B would also be elevated in serum across the spectrum of WNV disease. Methods: Serum levels of S100B were measured by enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) in 90 WNV patients (35 with neuroinvasive disease and 55 with WNV fever) and compared with 34 healthy controls. Results: Serum S100B was significantly higher in patients (median 0.17 ng/ml) than in controls (0.09 ng/ml, P < 0.0001). Serum S100B was elevated in 16 cases (46%) with neuroinvasive disease and in 19 cases (35%) with WNV fever. Conclusions: The increase in serum S100B reaffirms pathological changes across the spectrum of WNV disease. The elevated S100B in over one third of WNV fever cases implies that neuroinvasion occurs in a much greater proportion of patients than anticipated by clinical and epidemiological data. Muscle Nerve 45: 826–830, 2012