bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Adnexal Masses by Transvaginal Sonography and Serum CA125 Assay in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Banu Selina Akhter , Khatun Sabera , Shamsuddin Latifa 
Published: September 2011

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal sonography and serum CA125 assay for a clinical diagnosis of malignant nature of adnexal masses. Materials and methods: This prospective study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, during the period of January 2001 to December 2002. The study included 86 patients scheduled for laparotomy for an adnexal mass. Among them, 56 patients were pre- menopausal and 30 were postmenopausal. Adnexal masses had been diagnosed by bimanual pelvic examination and by both transabdominal and transvaginal sonography before planning surgery. Results: Considering separately the women with benign or malignant masses, the sensitivity and specificity of transvaginal sonography for the diagnosis of malignant ovarian condition in premenopausal women were 80% and 96.08% and in postmenopausal women these were 60% and 80%, positive and negative predictive values in premenopausal women were 66.67% and 98.00%, whereas in postmenopausal women those were 60% and 80%. Therefore the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of transvaginal sonography in premenopausal women were higher than in postmenopausal women. The diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal sonography in premenopausal women was 94.64% and in postmenopausal women was 73.33%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and the diagnostic accuracy of serum CA125 for the diagnosis of malignant ovarian condition in postmenopausal women were higher than premenopausal women. But the negative predictive value in premenopausal women was higher 94.87% than in postmenopausal women 88.90%. Conclusion: Transvaginal sonography used alone is the best method for differentiating between benign and malignant adnexal masses with a good diagnostic accuracy in premenopausal women in addition to clinical symptoms and pelvic examination. The good diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal sonography in premenopausal women may suggest that the addition of further test is not warranted. On the contrary in postmenopausal women, lower diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal sonography may require help of further test to improve it. Keyword: Adnexal mass; Transvaginal sonography; Serum CA125. Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2009; Vol. 24(2) : 56-62 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v24i2.8529
Study on the Histological Changes in the Parenchyma of the Placentae of Preeclamptic Women
Authors: Kishwari Segupta , Nurunnabi Abu Sadat Mohammad , Pal Dipali Rani , Ara Shamim 
Published: September 2011

Context: The histological changes in internal components of the placenta are evident in different maternal diseases like preeclampsia. Postnatal examination of the placenta is an important method for assessing pathophysiological changes as well as maternal and fetal condition in antenatal and perinatal periods and enriching practical knowledge. Study design: Cross-sectional, descriptive type. Place and period of study: Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2005 to June 2006. Materials & Methods: 60 human placentae from Bangladeshi women were collected from the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka and Sir Salimullah Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, of which 30 from normal uncomplicated pregnancies (control group) and another 30 from pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (study group), where the patients were normotensive previously. Results: A reduction in the proportional volume peripheral villi and an increase in that of stem villi were found in the placentae of the preeclamptic women (P<0.001), but no change was seen in the volume of total chorionic villi and intervillous space (P>0.50). Moreover, there was an increased fibrinoid deposition in the placentae of the preeclamptic women (P<0.01). Key words: placenta; preeclampsia; parenchyma; chorionic villi; intervillous space; fibrinoid deposition. Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2009; Vol. 24(2) : 63-66 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v24i2.8530
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Begum Shirin Akter , Chowdhury SB , Nasrin Begum , Ferdous Jannatul , Bhuiyan Zillur Rahman 
Published: September 2011

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare but potentially lethal complication of pregnancy occurring in approximately 1in 3000 live births in the United States although some series report a much higher incidence. African-American women are particularly at risk. Diagnosis requires symptoms of heart failure in the last month of pregnancy or within five months of delivery in the absence of recognized cardiac disease prior to pregnancy as well as objective evidence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Obstetricians should suspect the diagnosis, particularly if the patient has risk factors. Evaluation should include an echocardiogram to assess the LV systolic function. Treatment includes ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, and diuretics. Consideration should be given to anticoagulation. A number of causes are being investigated, including nutritional, infectious, and genetic, which, hopefully, lead to more targeted treatments. This paper provides an updated, comprehensive review of PPCM, including emerging insights into the etiology of this disorder as well as current treatment options. Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2009; Vol. 24(2) : 67-70 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v24i2.8531
Pregnancy In An Untreated Case of Tranverse Vaginal Septum with Urethrovaginal Fistula: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nawaz Rafat 
Published: September 2011

A 17 years old married woman presented at 24 weeks pregnancy with absent foetal movement for 12 days. She was found to have transverse vaginal septum in the lower third of her vagina with urethro-vaginal fistula (UVF) and a dead foetus of approximately 24 weeks gestation. She underwent hysterotomy for the delivery of the dead foetus. Two and half months later the transverse vaginal septum was removed with repair of urethro-vaginal fistula. Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2009; Vol. 24(2) : 71-74 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v24i2.8532
Novel Influenza H1N1 in Pregnancy: Report of a Diagnosed Case in Bangladesh
Authors: Rashid Maliha , Ara Rawshan , Akhter Nasrin 
Published: September 2011

Category C pandemic flu 2009 {H1N1 influenza), the disease that has reached pandemic proportions, holds everyone at risk today H1N1 influenza and pregnancy together, poses a greater risk for pregnant women and this deserves special attention. A swine flu pregnancy can be life threatening for both the mother and the baby. During the current pandemic of H1N1 influenza, few cases of H1N1 have been reported in pregnancy cases. We report one interesting case of H1N1 influenza, which was the only confirmed case of H1N1 Flu who survived with pregnancy in Bangladesh. Widespread vaccination, when available, prompt diagnosis, and adequate treatment with antiviral medications when infection occurs can save the life of the mother and the baby. Keywords: Novel influenza H1N1; pregnancy Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2009; Vol. 24(2) : 75-78 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v24i2.8533
Structure par terme des taux d'intérêt, volatilité et primes de risque : applications au marché de l'Eurolire
Authors: Drudi Francesco , Violi Roberto 
Published: September 2011

The Term Structure of Interest Rates, Volatility and Risk Premia : Applications to the Eurolira
Market by Francesco Drudi and Roberto Violi
This paper studies the information content of the term structure of interest rates on the Eurolira market. By estimating a single-factor equilibrium model of the term structure (Cox, Ingersoll and Ross, 1985), we derive measures of expectations, volatility and risk premia embodied in nominal interest rates and option prices. We provide econometric evidence indicating that Eurolira nominal interest rates display (near) unit-root behaviour. This property also extends to spreads between short and long rates. (Near) unit-roots have far-reaching implications as regards estimating parameters for factor models of the term structure. The quality of such estimates is crucial to measuring risk-premia and volatility and especially to assessing the empirical validity of the Expectations Hypothesis of the Term Structure (EHTS). Empirical tests suggest that the size and volatility of risk premia observed on the Eurolira market are substantial enough to warrant rejecting the EHTS.
Changements structurels de la prime de risque et évaluation des marchés d'actions
Authors: Bruneau Catherine , Duval-Kieffer Ch. , Nicolaï Jean-Paul 
Published: September 2011

Changes in Structural Risk Premiums and Assessment of Stock Markets by Catherine Bruneau, Ch. Duval-Kieffer and Jean-Paul Nicola'i
In this paper, we estimate a fundamental value of the S&P index, which we use as a long-run target in an error-correction modelling of the dynamics of the subsequent returns. The Gordon-Shapiro-based Present Value Model suggests two fundamentals: dividends and a discount rate factor, specified as a risk-free rate plus an ex-ante risk premium, modelled as successive structural breaks at predetermined dates assumed to affect agents' expectations. These breaks are introduced into the cointégration relationship as dummies to ensure the stationarity of the equilibrium deviation variable and the significance of the error correction term. Consequently, the prices observed only move temporarily away from their fundamental value. We use Monte-Carlo simulations to compute the relevant critical values for the stationarity tests. The dates of the breaks over the study period are then related to changes in the stock pricing process.
Facteurs de risque communs sur les marchés internationaux d'actions, d'obligations et de changes
Authors: De Bandt Olivier 
Published: September 2011

Common Risk Factors on the International Stock, Bond and Exchange Markets
by Olivier De Bandt
This paper finds a «predictability» of yield spreads on the stock, bond and exchange markets in the United States, Japan, Germany and the United Kingdom for the 1980: 1-1994:5 period. Although this property is more significant on the bond and exchange markets than on the stock market, it can be used for a dynamic measurement of financial market integration. We find common risk factors among these three assets at national level. We moreover find a close international integration of the bond markets, which also feature common risk factors: the yield premium on the two different countries' bond markets and that on the exchange market are generally well represented by a model with two latent variables. Nevertheless, these relationships appear to be unstable over time.
Coopération monétaire en Asie de l'Est : l'apport des tests de causalité et de la cointégration
Authors: Fukasaku Kiichiro , Martineau David 
Published: September 2011

Coopération monétaire en Asie de l'Est : l'apport des tests de causalité et de la cointégration
par Kiichiro Fukasaku et David Martineau
Dans cet article, nous examinons les politiques monétaires des économies de l'Asie de l'Est à la suite de la libéralisation des marchés monétaires sur la période 1980-95. Nous discutons des conditions d'une coopération monétaire dans cet espace monétaire nouvellement "libéralisé". À l'aide de tests de causalité et d'estimations des fonctions de demandes de monnaie par la méthode de la cointégration, nous démontrons que les marchés monétaires de la région ont aujourd'hui atteints un fort niveau d'intégration. Enfin, nous montrons que la politique monétaire de Singapour est un élément clef de l'explication du niveau des taux d'intérêt et de la demande de monnaie des pays voisins sur cette période.
Composantes permanente et transitoire de l'épargne et de l'investissement : une étude empirique des flux internationaux de capitaux au Japon
Authors: Girardin Eric , Sarno Lucio , Taylor Mark P. 
Published: September 2011

Transitory and permanent components of saving and investment: an empirical study of
international capital flows in Japan by Eric Girardin, Lucio Sarno and Mark P. Taylor
This paper presents an empirical study of the difference between the short- and the long-run saving-investment correlation coefficient using quarterly Japanese data, in an attempt to shed light both on the Feldstein-Horioka regression's validity in quantifying the degree of international capital mobility and on its implications. We also empirically assess the effectiveness of the abolition of exchange controls, which removed all restrictions on capital flows between Japan and the international economy in 1980. Consistent with our economic intuition and the logical consequences of the Feldstein-Horioka interpretation, our results suggest that the short-run saving-investment association is significantly stronger than the corresponding long-run association and, in contrast with much of the relevant empirical literature, Japan appears to have been highly financially integrated into the global economy since 1980. pital flows ; transitory and permanent components ; Kalman filter.
Crises financières, stratégie d'investissement dans les pays à risque, comportement des investisseurs
Authors: Artus Patrick 
Published: September 2011

Financial Crises, Investment Strategy in High-Risk Countries and Investor Behaviour
by Patrick Artus
We examine the dynamics of exchange-rate expectations, foreign exchange reserves and foreign investor assets in a country with a serious macroeconomic imbalance (excessive inflation) applying a fixed exchange-rate system. We use a model that generalises those used to study balance of payments crises.
We compare the development of foreign investor assets over time and especially the dynamics of withdrawal from this high-risk country by both individual risk-averse investors and investment funds competing for market shares in financial savings. We consider whether investment funds withdraw from high-risk countries later and more suddenly than individual investors, which would correspond to the observed facts (e.g. the Mexican crisis).
Le Franc français et la récente crise monétaire européenne
Authors: Jona-Lasinio Cécilia 
Published: September 2011

The French Franc and the Recent European Currency Crisis by Cecilia Jona-Lasinio
The 1992 and 1993 currency crises demonstrated the enormous pressures that can be raised against official exchange rate parities when investors perceive that significant exchange rate realignments may be imminent. In this paper I propose an empirical analysis of the 1 992- 1 993 crises to establish whether speculators were able to perceive the exact timing of the devaluations and if and how the economic and political news influenced their devaluation expectations. In particular, I analyse the expected timing of devaluation of the French Franc relative to the Deutschemark before the 1 992 and 1 993 currency crisis. The empirical analysis shows that before the occurrence of both crisis agents were awareof the imminence of the devaluation and that they were very sensitive to the news spread daily over the markets.
Programmation mathématique positive et offre de céréales et d'oléagineux dans l'Union Européenne sous l'agenda 2000
Authors: Barkaoui Ahmed , Butault Jean-Pierre 
Published: September 2011

Positive Mathematical Programming and Cereal and Oilseed Supply in the European Union Under Agenda 2000 by Ahmed Barkaoui and Jean-Pierre Butault
In this study, we simulate the effect that Agenda 2000' s CAP reform projects will have on the EU field crop supply by 2005. We apply the Positive Mathematical Programming method at regional level in twelve EU Member States. Simulations are based on the 1994 Community FADN database. Our forecasts show that cereal production will increase sharply and oilseed production will decrease over the period from 1994*to 2005. These results will have a considerable effect on market equilibrium.
Les transferts versés aux enfants et aux parents : altruisme ou échange intertemporel?
Authors: Wolff François-Charles 
Published: September 2011

Transfers Paid to Children and Parents : Altruism or Intertemporal Exchange ?
by François-Charles Wolff
This article studies family transfers paid by an intermediate generation (pivot) to its adult children and parents. This solicitation from both sides may be explained by an intertemporal exchange, whereby selfish pivots lend money to the young to be paid back later. Conversely, it may be explained by the pivots' altruism towards their children and parents. An econometric analysis based on the 1992 CNAV Three Generations survey reveals that financial assistance to children is mainly an investment in human capital and that assistance to ascendants is mainly determined by the needs of the assisted parents. Although this assistance hardly reflects a contractual reimbursement by the pivots, the altruistic model is also rejected by the data.
Dépenses de santé : l'hypothèse d'aléa moral
Authors: Geoffard Pierre-Yves 
Published: September 2011

Health Expenditures : the Moral Hazard Assumption by Pierre- Yves Geoffard
The analysis of many proposals to reform the French health insurance system, and in particular those focusing on co-payment schemes, is heavily dependent on delicate empirical measures of the elasticity of demand for health care.
This paper offers a critical survey of the empirical literature on the moral hazard assumption, according to which
more extensive health insurance coverage would lead to more spending.
The paper begins by recalling that the Rand Health Insurance Study, a major study conducted in the United States in
the 1970s, unambiguously concluded that the price elasticity of demand for medical care was negative, especially
for ambulatory care. The paper then stresses the limitations of more recent studies undertaken on French data -
limitations which are either inherent to the data or due to the econometric methods employed. In addition,
evaluating the redistributive aspects of co-payments and their impact on access to care would require more accurate
measures of cross price-income elasticity.
Despite all these uncertainties, the lessons drawn from the existing empirical studies suggest that the current French
co-payment scheme (the ticket modérateur system) is very far from being fair and efficient.
Comportements opportunistes des patients et des médecins : l'apport d'analyses par épisode de soins
Authors: Breuil-Genier Pascale , Rupprecht Frédéric 
Published: September 2011

Opportunistic Behaviour of Patients and Doctors: the Contribution of Analyses by Health Care Episode by Pascale Breuil-Genier and Frédéric Rupprecht
The "strategic" behaviours attributed to patients (adverse selection, moral hazard) and health care professionals (supply-induced demand) are not easily tested: although it is easy to find a link between health insurance and health care consumption, it is more difficult to single out the behavioural consequences of moral hazard and adverse selection. Similarly, a simultaneous increase in doctor density and in health care consumption may indeed be a consequence of induced demand (whereby doctors create the demand for their own services), but it may also result from an exogenous rise in health care needs combined with a simultaneous rise in the resources required to meet them. In an attempt to identify the determinants of patients' and doctors' behaviour more precisely, we analyse the series of consumption decisions taken for a given illness and a given patient by reconstructing health care episodes from the 1 99 1 -92 health survey. Our analysis shows that a patient' s decision to seek health care in case of sickness is strongly influenced by whether the patient possesses supplementary insurance coverage, but that this factor has no impact on the choice of the type of first consultation (general practitioner or specialist), nor on whether the patient subsequently seeks other consultations. The doctor density explains part of the choice between general practitioners and specialists for the initial consultation, but this variable has no impact on the number of first consultations, nor on whether the patient subsequently seeks other consultations.
Les méthodes du bootstrap dans les modèles de régression
Authors: Flachaire Emmanuel 
Published: September 2011

Bootstrap Methods in Regression Models by Emmanuel Flachaire
In practice, we rarely know the true probability distribution of a test statistic and we generally base tests on its asymptotic distribution. If the sample size is not large enough, the asymptotic distribution could be a poor approximation of the true distribution. Consequently, tests based on it could be largely biased. Bootstrap methods yield a more accurate approximation of the distribution of a test statistic than the approximation obtained from the first-order asymptotic theory. Moreover, they provide a way of substituting computation for mathematical analysis when it proves hard to calculate the asymptotic distribution of an estimator or statistic. In this paper, we present a general methodology of the bootstrap in regression models.
Instruments économiques dans la perspective du changement climatique
Authors: Henry Claude , Tubiana Laurence 
Published: September 2011

Economic Instruments for Climate Change by Claude Henry and Laurence Tubiana
The 1997 Kyoto commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are not enough to contend with the threats of climate change. Yet they already place such constraints on the European Union and the United States that they may well be renounced if they are not implemented with the greatest economic efficiency. This is only possible if instruments are mobilised to flexibly, but rigorously, implement these reductions at the lowest possible overall cost by more or less balancing out the different emitters' marginal reduction costs.
In this paper, we study the various instruments - especially emissions trading - addressed by the international negotiations and how they are interlinked. Since the developing countries will gradually rank among the leading emitting countries, it is vital that they play a fully-fledged part in the efficient implementation of the instruments. Yet such participation is only feasible if the conditions of equity in the initial permit distribution (i.e. before trading) are satisfied. These conditions were overlooked in Kyoto, but are a core issue in the current negotiations, especially for The Hague in November 2000.
Honnêteté et conformité environnementale
Authors: Bontems Philippe , Rotillon Gilles 
Published: September 2011

Integrity and Environmental Compliance by Philippe Bontems and Gilles Rotillon
We here study how the existence of conscientious attitudes affects the working of compliance between an environmental agency and polluting firms, where the supervision policy may or may not include firms' self-reporting of discharges. Two main findings have been made. Firstly, non-interference may be the best policy for the agency if there is a high enough proportion of conscientious firms. Secondly, contrary to what we might expect, an exogenous increase in the number of conscientious firms does not necessarily lead to a decrease in pollution. We show that it is in fact possible that, given the number of conscientious firms, the optimum probability of inspection is low enough to entail a growth in fraud and therefore pollution. Moreover, with the system of self-reporting, which is the optimum option, an increase in the number of conscientious firms may also in some cases involve an increase in the total cost of inspection and, ultimately, welfare losses.