bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Glutaminase Preferentially Slows Growth of Glioma Cells with Mutant IDH1
Authors: Seltzer Meghan J. , Bennett Bryson D. , Joshi Avadhut D. , Gao Ping , Thomas Ajit G. , Ferraris Dana V. , Tsukamoto Takashi , Rojas Camilo J. , Slusher Barbara S. , Rabinowitz Joshua D. , Dang Chi V. , Riggins Gregory J. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Mutation at the R132 residue of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), frequently found in gliomas and acute myelogenous leukemia, creates a neoenzyme that produces 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) from α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). We sought to therapeutically exploit this neoreaction in mutant IDH1 cells that require α-KG derived from glutamine. Glutamine is converted to glutamate by glutaminase and further metabolized to α-KG. Therefore, we inhibited glutaminase with siRNA or the small molecule inhibitor bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES) and found slowed growth of glioblastoma cells expressing mutant IDH1 compared with those expressing wild-type IDH1. Growth suppression of mutant IDH1 cells by BPTES was rescued by adding exogenous α-KG. BPTES inhibited glutaminase activity, lowered glutamate and α-KG levels, and increased glycolytic intermediates while leaving total 2-HG levels unaffected. The ability to selectively slow growth in cells with IDH1 mutations by inhibiting glutaminase suggests a unique reprogramming of intermediary metabolism and a potential therapeutic strategy. Cancer Res; 70(22); 8981–7. ©2010 AACR.
Tumor-Initiating Function of Nucleostemin-Enriched Mammary Tumor Cells
Authors: Lin Tao , Meng Lingjun , Li Yi , Tsai Robert Y.L. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Nucleostemin (NS) is highly expressed in normal stem cells and tumors and is upregulated by estradiol in MCF7 breast cancer cells. To investigate the role of NS in mammary tumorigenesis, we established first that NS is expressed at higher levels in the basal cell type than in the luminal cell type in mouse mammary tumors and human breast cancer cells. NS expression was also increased during progression of mammary tumors in MMTV-Wnt1 and MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice and by the tumor sphere culture. To determine the function of NS-enriched tumor cells, we generated a bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mouse line expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the NS promoter and bred it to MMTV-Wnt1 mice, so that NS-expressing cells can be prospectively isolated based on their GFP levels. Notably, NS-enriched mammary tumor cells exhibited stronger in vitro and in vivo tumorigenic activities and expressed higher levels of K5, CD133, Oct4, telomerase reverse transcriptase, and C-X-C chemokine ligand 12 compared with NS-deficient mammary tumor cells. Furthermore, knockdown of NS dramatically reduced the sphere-forming activity of MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Our findings establish the tumor-initiating and molecular features of NS-enriched mammary tumor cells, suggesting that NS may offer a valuable therapeutic target. Cancer Res; 70(22); 9444–52. ©2010 AACR.
Double-Negative Feedback Loop between Reprogramming Factor LIN28 and microRNA let-7 Regulates Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1–Positive Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Yang Xiaojun , Lin Xiaojuan , Zhong Xiaomin , Kaur Sippy , Li Ning , Liang Shun , Lassus Heini , Wang Liping , Katsaros Dionyssios , Montone Kathleen , Zhao Xia , Zhang Youcheng , Bützow Ralf , Coukos George , Zhang Lin 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A relatively rare aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)–positive “stem cell–like” subpopulation of tumor cells has the unique ability to initiate and perpetuate tumor growth; moreover, it is highly resistant to chemotherapy and significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes. The development of more effective therapies for cancer requires targeting of this cell population. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we identified that the expression of the Caenorhabditis elegans lin-28 homologue (LIN28) was positively correlated with the percentage of ALDH1+ tumor cells; this was further validated in an independent set of tissue arrays (n = 197). Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies showed that LIN28 plays a critical role in the maintenance of ALDH1+ tumor cells. In addition, we found that there is a double-negative feedback loop between LIN28 and let-7 in tumor cells, and that let-7 negatively regulates ALDH1+ tumor cells. Finally, we report that a LIN28/let-7 loop modulates self-renewal and differentiation of mammary gland epithelial progenitor cells. Our data provide evidence that cancer stem cells may arise through a “reprogramming-like” mechanism. A rebalancing of the LIN28/let-7 regulatory loop could be a novel therapeutic strategy to target ALDH1+ cancer stem cells. Cancer Res; 70(22); 9463–72. ©2010 AACR.
Ambiguities of Colonial Law: the Case of Muhammadu Aminu, Former Political Agent and Chief Alkali of Kano
Authors: Afeadie Philip Atsu 
Published: November 2010

Colonial law in Africa involved European moral and legal codes representing some rules of western law, as well as elements of African customary law. However, the colonial situation embodying political and economic domination necessarily negated the ideal practice of the rule of law. Nevertheless, the need arose to introduce some aspects of western law and codes of administration, including salary and benefits schemes for African employees of the colonial government, and legal entitlements such as court trials for accused government employees. These considerations were deemed necessary, if at least to propitiate metropolitan critics of the colonial establishment. Also some rule of law was required for the organization of the colonial economy, including regulation of productive systems and commercial relations. As well, the need for indigenous support necessitated dabbling in indigenous customary conventions. In Muslim polities such as Kano in northern Nigeria, customary conventions included Islamic law.On the establishment of colonial rule in Kano, judicial administration was organized on three principal institutions, involving the resident's provincial court, the judicial council (emir's court), and the chief alkali's court in Kano City with corresponding district alkali courts. The resident's provincial court had jurisdiction over colonial civil servants, including African employees such as soldiers, police constables, clerks and political agents. Also, the provincial court was responsible for enforcing the abolition of the slave trade in the region. The judicial council, classified as “Grade A” court, was composed of the emir, thewaziri(chief legal counselor), the chiefalkaliof Kano (chief judge), theimam(the religious leader of Kano mosque), thema'aji(treasurer), and general assistants including some notable scholars of Kano city. The council adopted thesha'ria(Muslim law) and local Hausa custom, and its jurisdiction extended over “matters of violence, questions of taxation and administration, and cases involving property rights, whether over land, livestock, trade goods, or slaves.” On the issue of capital sentencing, the judicial council required the approval of the resident. The council was also prohibited from authorizing punishments involving torture, mutilation, or decapitation.
Archival and Research Resources in Conakry, Guinea
Authors: Counsel Graeme 
Published: November 2010

Archival research in West Africa can present many challenges. In one of the poorest regions of the world, governments struggle to maintain funding for the most basic infrastructure; thus archives and their holdings can often reside in a neglected state. Moreover, research materials may be spread over many departments and buildings, creating a labyrinthine network of officialdom, and requisite access requirements. This paper provides a brief overview of the principal archives located in Conakry, capital of Guinea. It includes current contact information and descriptions of holdings, and expands upon earlier articles by Klein (1981), Ford (1987), Conrad (1993), and Sampson (2002).On 2 October 2008 Guinea celebrated 50 years of independence. Earlier that year many new ministries were created, including the Ministère de la Culture, des Arts et Loisirs. For the first time in the nation's history, Guinea had its own dedicated ministry of the arts, thus potentially streamlining academic and archival research. The new Ministry faced many hurdles, however, for the story of Guinea's archives during the last 50 years is a tale of both marvel and neglect.During the nation's First Republic (1958-1984), Guinea's archives became established under the Presidency of Sékou Touré. The Archives Nationale, the Bibliothèque Nationale, and Radiodiffusion Télévision de Guinée were all created during his reign, and Guinea's archival resources were said to be among the best in West Africa. As Touré's grip on power strengthened, the nation's economic malaise grew, and Klein (1981:333) reported that in the early 1980s, when he conducted research in Conakry, he had been warned to expect significant damage to the archival contents.
Effect of incorporation of carbon fiber and silicon carbide powder into silicone rubber on the ablation and mechanical properties of the silicone rubber‐based ablation material
Authors: Soo Kim Eung , Lee Tea Hwa , Shin Sung Hyun , Yoon Jin‐San 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study examined the effects of the incorporation of carbon fiber (CF) and silicon carbide powder (SCP) into a high temperature vulcanized (HTV) silicone rubber, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) containing vinyl groups on the ablation properties using an oxy‐acetylene torch test. The ablation test results showed that CF enhanced the hardness of the char formed on the composite surface during the oxy‐acetylene torch test and was an important factor determining the ablation properties. SCP was also beneficial in enhancing the surface char hardness of the HTV/CF composite. A new method was devised to evaluate the ablation properties more objectively by measuring the time elapsed for a rectangular‐shaped silicone rubber composite with specimens loaded with a constant weight to burn and fail off during the oxy‐acetylene torch test. The mechanical properties of the silicone rubber composites were also examined as a function of the additive content using a universal test machine (UTM). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Hands‐on laboratory experiments with SOHO networking technologies
Authors: Sang Janche 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTraditional computer networking courses are primarily based on lectures and include a few TCP/IP network socket programming assignments. Students may not know how to apply what they have learned in the classroom to solve real‐world problems. This paper presents several interesting laboratory experiments to provide students with hands‐on experiences in low‐cost small office/home office (SOHO) networking technologies, including SOHO Router/Firewall, Wi‐Fi Wireless LAN, HomePlug Powerline Communication, and HomePNA Phoneline Networking. The feedback from students is encouraging. The result of the assessment tests also shows that the hands‐on projects have had a positive impact on student learning and comprehension. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 586–595, 2013
A First Total Synthesis of a Hybrid‐Type Ganglioside Associated with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis‐Like Disorder
Authors: Nakashima Shinya , Ando Hiromune , Imamura Akihiro , Yuki Nobuhiro , Ishida Hideharu , Kiso Makoto 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe hybrid ganglioside X1, which was identified in the bovine brain, was synthesized for the first time. Ganglioside X1 is believed to be involved in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis‐like disorders in patients with neurological disorders after treatment with bovine brain gangliosides. A convergent approach using two branched glycan units, the GM2‐core trisaccharide and the lacto‐ganglio tetrasaccharide, efficiently provided the highly branched heptasaccharide part of ganglioside X1, which was conjugated with the ceramide part to produce the protected ganglioside X1. Global deprotection delivered homogenous ganglioside X1, with which serum from the patient was reacted.
Benzobis(imidazolium)–Cucurbit[8]uril Complexes for Binding and Sensing Aromatic Compounds in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Biedermann Frank , Rauwald Urs , Cziferszky Monika , Williams Kyle A. , Gann Lauren D. , Guo Bi Y. , Urbach Adam R. , Bielawski Christopher W. , Scherman Oren A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe utilities of benzobis(imidazolium) salts (BBIs) as stable and fluorescent components of supramolecular assemblies involving the macrocyclic host, cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), are described. CB[8] has the unusual ability to bind tightly and selectively to two different guests in aqueous media, typically methyl viologen (MV) as the first guest, followed by an indole, naphthalene, or catechol‐containing second guest. Based on similar size, shape, and charge, tetramethyl benzobis(imidazolium) (MBBI) was identified as a potential alternative to MV that would increase the repertoire of guests for cucurbit[8]uril. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies showed that MBBI binds to CB[8] in a 1:1 ratio with an equilibrium association constant (Ka) value of 5.7×105 M−1, and that the resulting MBBI⋅CB[8] complex binds to a series of aromatic second guests with Ka values ranging from 103 to 105 M−1. These complexation phenomena were supported by mass spectrometry, which confirmed complex formation, and a series of NMR studies that showed the expected upfield perturbation of aromatic peaks and of the MBBI methyl peaks. Surprisingly, the binding behavior of MBBI is strikingly similar to that of MV, and yet MBBI offers a number of substantial advantages for many applications, including intrinsic fluorescence, high chemical stability, and broad synthetic tunability. Indeed, the intense fluorescence emission of the MBBI⋅CB[8] complex was quenched upon binding to the second guests, thus demonstrating the utility of MBBI as a component for optical sensing. Building on these favorable properties, the MBBI⋅CB[8] system was successfully applied to the sequence‐selective recognition of peptides as well as the controlled disassembly of polymer aggregates in water. These results broaden the available guests for the cucurbit[n]uril family and demonstrate potentially new applications.
Prediction of hydrate formation conditions based on the vdWP‐type models at high pressures
Authors: Javanmardi Jafar , Partoon Behzad , Sabzi Fatemeh 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPrediction of phase boundaries of gas hydrates has been done for several decades based on the vdWP (van der Waals and Platteeuw) hydrate equation and the classical thermodynamic equations for describing the water fugacities in water or ice phase. This procedure gives a reasonable prediction at low pressures, but when the pressure increases, above 105 kPa, it shows a significant error. In the conventional vdWP‐type models it has been assumed that the volume difference between the empty hydrate lattice and pure liquid water is independent of the system pressure and temperature. In this work, different approaches for describing the volume dependency of pure liquid water and the empty hydrate lattice on the system pressure have been used to predict the hydrate equilibria based on the vdWP‐type model. Also, an expression is introduced to estimate the volume of methane hydrate lattice as a function of pressure and temperature. Finally, this method is extended to other hydrate formers, that is, ethane, carbon dioxide, xenon, and nitrogen. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental data both for Lw–H–V and Lw–H–Lhf phase boundaries.
Exercise interventions for women with anorexia nervosa: A review of the literature
Authors: Zunker Christie , Mitchell James E. , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:To identify exercise interventions in the empirical literature to help inform clinical decision making in the treatment of underweight individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and review any recommended differences in treatment planning for those who excessively exercise and those who do not.Method:Online search engines and cross‐referencing articles identified relevant studies.Results:Six exercise interventions in clinical settings were reviewed, including three conducted in hospitals. A few studies provided some evidence to support the implementation of moderate physical activity during treatment. Most did not include specific exercise program descriptions. Patient eligibility varied from obligatory for all patients to programs that specified weight requirements.Discussion:Few studies have systematically explored exercise as a part of treatment among patients with AN. Findings of the current review suggest a need for developing further research, but currently the field may benefit from standardized guidelines for treating excessive exercisers with AN. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010)
Hunger and binge eating: A meta‐analysis of studies using ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Haedt‐Matt Alissa A. , Keel Pamela K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:Binge eating has been associated with increased hunger, suggesting a role for impaired appetite regulation. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is ideally suited to examine whether hunger is a precipitant of binge eating but results from such studies have not been systematically reviewed. This study provides a meta‐analysis of EMA studies that have examined hunger as an antecedent of binge eating.Method:Electronic database and manual searches produced seven EMA studies with N = 180 participants. Meta‐analyses were conducted to compare: (1) pre‐binge eating hunger to average ratings of hunger, and (2) pre‐binge eating hunger to hunger before regular eating.Results:Across studies, hunger was significantly greater before binge eating compared with average hunger ratings, but was significantly lower before binge eating compared with before other eating episodes.Discussion:Excessive hunger does not appear to be a precipitant of binge eating because higher levels of hunger are observed before regular eating episodes. However, lower hunger before food consumption may contribute to the experience of a particular eating episode as a binge. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010)
HPLC‐APCI analysis of triacylglycerols in milk fat from different sources
Authors: Gastaldi Daniela , Medana Claudio , Giancotti Valeria , Aigotti Riccardo , Dal Bello Federica , Baiocchi Claudio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTriacylglycerols (TAG) from milk‐fat from different sources (cow, goat and human milks) were characterised using non‐aqueous reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography–atmospheric‐pressure chemical ionisation, coupled to MS/MS (RP HPLC‐APCI MS/MS). The fatty‐acid content of all samples was also established by methyl transesterification and GC‐MS analysis. Optimisation of the HPLC gradient, combined with APCI tandem MS, enables TAGs complex mixtures to be analysed without prior separation. More than 160 different glycerides were identified; between 50 and 70 compounds were identified in the chromatograms of each sample. This method also enabled the principal TAG regioisomers to be recognized. The study focused on the investigation of the structure of TAGs containing very‐long‐chain PUFA, namely all cis‐ 4,7,10,13,16,19‐ DHA (DHA, C22:6, n‐3) and all cis‐5,8,11,14,17‐eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5, n‐3), both in human and in n‐3‐enriched cow's milks. Ten TAGs containing DHA were identified in human milk and only one in milk from cows fed an n‐3 enriched diet.
Heparin/collagen multilayer as a thromboresistant and endothelial favorable coating for intravascular stent
Authors: Lin Quankui , Yan Jiajie , Qiu Fuyu , Song Xiaoxiao , Fu Guosheng , Ji Jian 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEndothelialization and antithrombogenicity are two key issues in stent implantation. The layer‐by‐layer (LbL) deposition of anticoagulant heparin and cell compatible collagen was explored to develop a multilayered coating with synergic property of antithrombogenicity and fast endothelialization. The quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D), UV spectrometer, spectroscopic ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy investigations indicate that the LbL technique, which based on molecular assembly, provides an easy way to develop a smooth, homogenous, and stable coating onto stents. In vitro blood clotting time tests and the platelet adhesion tests show that the multilayer‐modified stents present good hemocompatibility. In vitro endothelial cell (EC) culture results show that the multilayer‐modified surfaces accelerate the adhesion and proliferation of ECs. These results illustrate that a stent surface coating with properties of antithrombogenicity and EC preference was obtained via heparin/collagen multilayer modification. This surface coating may have great potential in facilitating in situ endothelialization of blood contacting materials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Complement activation on poly(ethylene oxide)‐like radiofrequency glow discharge–deposited surfaces
Authors: Szott Luisa Mayorga , Stein M. Jeanette , Ratner Buddy D. , Horbett Thomas A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNonspecific protein adsorption, particularly fibrinogen (Fg), is thought to be an initiating step in the foreign body response (FBR) to biomaterials by promoting phagocyte attachment. In previous studies, we therefore prepared radiofrequency glow discharge (ethylene oxide)‐like tetraglyme (CH3O(CH2CH2O)4CH3) coatings adsorbing <10 ng/cm2 Fg and showed that they had the expected low monocyte adhesion in vitro. However, when these were implanted in vivo, many adherent inflammatory cells and a fibrous capsule were found, suggesting the role of alternative proteins, such as activated complement proteins, in the FBR to these materials. We therefore investigated complement interactions with the tetraglyme surfaces. First, because of its well‐known role in complement C3 activation, we measured the hydroxyl group (OH) content of tetraglyme, but found it to be low. Second, we measured C3 adsorption to tetraglyme from plasma. Low amounts of C3 adsorbed on tetraglyme, although it displayed higher binding strength than the control surfaces. Finally, complement activation was determined by measuring C3a and SC5b‐9 levels in serum after incubating with tetraglyme, as well as other surfaces that served as positive and negative controls, namely poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels, Silastic sheeting, and poly(ethylene glycol) self‐assembled monolayers with different end groups. Despite displaying low hydroxyl group concentration, relatively high C3a and SC5b‐9 levels were found in serum exposed to tetraglyme, similar to the values in our positive control, PVA. Our results support the conclusion that complement activation by tetraglyme is a possible mechanism involved in the FBR to these biomaterials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.