bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PW01-191 - Hyperhomocysteinemia In Children And Adolescents With Psychotic And Mood Disorders
Authors: Kevere L. , Purvina S. , Bauze D. , Zeibarts M. , Rizevs A. , Jelisejevs S. , Caune M. , Purvins I. , Andrezina R. 
Published: June 2010

The aim of our study was to get information about serum level of homocysteine (Hcy) for patients with schizophrenia spectrum, patients with affective disorders and in control group.MethodsFor the studies, we have used 225 patients from Children's Psychiatric Hospital. 82 of all selection were with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, 27 patients with affective disorders and 116 patients came from control group.Patients were selected according to their diagnosis (in line with ICD-10) and current clinical status. Each diagnosis and clinical status was coded depending on its severity and course of disease.The level of Hcy was stated by isocratic HPLC system with fluorometric detection (Shimadzu LC-20, model RF-10AxL).ResultsCorrelation of Hcy concentration between schizophrenia's spectrum disorders and control group was r = -0.39 (p< 0.001; t = 22.99).Mean level of Hcy was 11.94 μmol/L for patients with schizophrenia's spectrum disorders and 11.55 μmol/L for patients with affective disorders versus 7.47 μmol/L in control.It has been found that the highest level of Hcy in the group of schizophrenia spectrum disorders has been seen in patients with episodic-recurrent course of disease, especially with pronounced affect. For the group with affective disorders the highest level was seen in patients with depressive symptoms with anxiety and mixed affective disorders (r = 0.58; p< 0.001; t = 12.77).ConclusionsObtained data are indicative of potential link among the level of Hcy and schizophrenia, and that the level of Hcy is inwrought with affective disorders and anxiety in the course of disease.
PW01-195 - The Evaluation Of Mentalisation Deficit With False-Irony Test In Schizophrenia
Authors: Varga E. , Hajnal A. , Tenyi T. , Fekete S. , Simon M. , Herold R. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionA group of schizophrenic patients perform well in known theory of mind (ToM) tasks. Still most of them have difficulties to understand social situations in real life.AimsWe used a new test of ToM to find out if this group of patients really have the ability to understand other people´s mental states or they might use some compensatory strategies.Methods49 schizophrenic patients and 38 matched control inviduals were evaluated. Participants were asked to read short stories and answer simple yes/no comprehension questions. We used three experimental conditions: “false-irony” condition (FI), “control” condition (C), and “false-irony with linguistic help” condition (FIH).ResultsP atients with schizophrenia performed sinificantly worse than control subjects in each of the three conditions (FI:p=0.01;C:p=0.04;FIH:p=0.01). Among the 49 patients 22 did well the FIH tasks (44.89%). Among these 22 patients 12 did the FI tasks well (24.48%) and the other 10 did the FIH tasks well (20.4%).ConclusionsP atients with schizophrenia performed a sinificant impairment in the new ToM test. Beside a group of patients is able to understand other people´s mental states. To understand these situations some patients probably use real mentalisation strategies, some of them can use the given linguistic help as a compensatory strategy, and some patients have difficulties in representing of the mental states of others.
PW01-198 - Metabolic Screening Ijn Fact Population
Authors: Cohen D. , Nugter A. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundLife expectancy in schizophrenia is shortened, 15 years to 32 years. Increased cardiovascular morbidity is thought to have a major contribution.MethodsA nurse practitioner was appointed for metabolic screening. The cut-off points were according to the NCEP 2005 criteria, except for glucose (cut-off: 6,0 mmol/l).All outpatients in two FACT teams in Alkmaar were asked to participate in the measurement of the metabolic syndrome. Blood pressure was twice measured at two different visits, that took place 4 weeks apart. If laboratory result was abnormal, the measurement was repeated.ResultsOut of the 204 patients in outpatient care who were asked, 67 refused participation. All in all, 137 patients participated, 91 male (46,3 years (SD: 12,2) and 46 female (51,7 yrs; SD: 11,6) patients. The vast majority (N=126 (92,6%) were Caucasian. Obesity was present in 32% of the male and 48% of the female patients compared to 16% in the general population. Normoglycemia was established in only 72,2% of the population compared to 95% in the same aged general population. Repeated hyperglycemia was present in 24,1% of the population.ConclusionIn 137 patients with severe mental illness, mean age 48 years, we found that1.obesity was twice as prevalent as in the patient population.2.using the conservative NECP 2001 criterion for hyperglycemia, one out of four patients had a confirmed pre-diabetic hyperglycemia.Intensive screening, therapy and preferably prevention are advised and needed to prevent major medical costs and massive medial consumption in this high-risk population.
PW01-205 - Do Healthcare Students Have More Negative Attitudes Towards Mental Illness Compared To Law And English Students?
Authors: Nearney H. , Beezhold J. , Nordt C. , Howe A. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe Social Distance Scale (SDS) is an established tool in the measurement of discriminatory attitudes towards those with mental illness.ObjectivesTo send an electronic questionnaire incorporating the SDS to both healthcare and nonhealthcare undergraduates.AimsTo compare attitudes using the SDS of both student groups towards vignettes describing active and medically resolved cases of mental illness.Methods567 first year healthcare and 501 non-healthcare (law and english) university students were sent a questionnaire randomly containing one of six possible vignettes (describing either active or medically resolved depression, schizophrenia or asthma). The SDS as used by Nordt (2006), was then completed, indicating what level of social closeness would be accepted with the person described.Results180 responses were received for the healthcare group (31.7% response rate) and 125 for the non-healthcare group (25% response rate). Very good reliability of the Social Distance Scale (Cronbach's a=0.91) was observed in the sample. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. A linear regression model was applied which explained 20% of the variance. A significant difference was observed in attitudes between healthcare and non-healthcare students towards both the active and resolved schizophrenia, with the Non-healthcare group expressing higher social distance towards these vignettes (+0.31; P=0.043) compared to the healthcare group. The two groups did not differ significantly in social distance towards the depression and asthma vignettes.ConclusionsThe non-healthcare students were significantly more socially distant towards both active and resolved schizophrenia vignettes. The findings for the remaining vignettes were similar between the two groups.
PW01-207 - Quality Of Care And Crime Rates Among Patients With Schizophrenia: A Nationwide Population-Based Follow-Up Study
Authors: Pedersen C. , Paaske Johnsen S. , Nordentoft M. , Mainz J. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionCrime rates are higher among patients with schizophrenia than in the general population. Denmark has seen a substantial increase in the number of forensic patients since 1980 with annual growth rates reaching 7%. In the same period, the population of forensic patients with schizophrenia has increased from 50% to 75%. Evidence-based care for patients with schizophrenia is well-established in international and national guidelines. However, a possible association between quality of care and risk of crime among patients with schizophrenia has not previously been studied.AimTo study the association between quality of care and risk of crime among patients with schizophrenia.MethodsThis nationwide population-based follow-up study is based on the Danish National Indictor Project (DNIP), a national clinical database for patients with schizophrenia, and the Danish Crime Register, a national register of criminal offences. We include all incident and prevalent patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20.00-F20.99), who are Danish citizens and older than 18 years. All patients have been admitted as inpatients at a psychiatric ward in the period 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2007 (approx 20,000 patients). In DNIP quality of care is assessed as fulfilment of a set of quality of care criteria related to the diagnostic process, contact with the health care system, use of antipsychotic medication, evaluation of side effects, family intervention, psycho education, planned outpatient treatment by discharge and suicide prevention. All patients will be followed up for 1-year after discharge. We identified all convictions for both violent and property crimes in the population.
PW01-210 - The Effects Of Macro- And Micro-Level Factors On The Psychological Well-Being Of Russian And Ukrainian Adolescents In The Post-Perestroika Period
Authors: Tartakovsky E. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThis study investigates how the changing socioeconomic conditions in Russia and Ukraine affected the psychological well-being of high-school adolescents in these countries. In addition, the effects of the micro-level factors, including the economic conditions of the adolescents’ family and perceived social support were investigated.MethodThe study was conducted in twelve medium-size towns and large cities scattered across the entire territory of Russia and the Ukraine. Adolescents studying in public high schools filled out the questionnaires in 1999 (n=489) and in 2007 (n=740). Six indexes of psychological well-being were measured: emotional and behavioral problems, loneliness, self-esteem, body image, social competence, and school competence.ResultsMacro-level socioeconomic conditions in Russia and Ukraine substantially improved from 1999 to 2007; however, none of the six indexes of psychological well-being measured in this study changed significantly. The psychological well-being of Russian and Ukrainian adolescents remained much worse than that of their peers in developed countries. Russian adolescents consistently reported higher selfesteem and school competence than their Ukrainian peers. At the micro-level, perceived parental care and autonomy providing, as well as perceived social support from parents, peers, and teachers were the major contributors to the adolescents’ psychological well-being.ConclusionsChanges in adolescents’ psychological well-being do not follow macro-level socioeconomic changes that occur in a country. This indicates that psychological well-being is more influenced by values and cultural norms, which are relatively stable in each country, rather than by changing socioeconomic conditions.
PW01-214 - Long-Term Outcomes In Patients With First Psychotic Episode And Cannabis Use
Authors: Alberich S. , Barbeito S. , Fernández M. , Karim Haidar M. , Ron S. , Villamor A. , Jimeno A. , Zorrilla I. , Celaya L. , Alecha M.A. , González-Pinto A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of cannabis in the long-term follow-up in patients with a first psychotic episode, comparing those who have never used cannabis with (a) those who used cannabis before the first psychotic episode but stopped it during the follow-up, and (b) those who used cannabis both before and after the first psychotic episode.MethodPatients were followed from the first psychotic admission. They were assessed at 1, 3 and 5 years obtaining information about functional outcome, positive and negative symptoms. At 8th year functional outcome was evaluated. Patients were classified in 3 groups: 40 that never used cannabis (NU), 27 that used cannabis and stopped during follow-up (CUS), and 25 that had continued use during follow-up (CU).ResultsAt baseline, there were differences neither in functional outcome nor in negative symptoms. The CUS group improved the functional outcome during the follow-up (p< 0.001), while CU and NU groups did not show any significant results (p= 0.466 and p= 0.370 respectively). CUS group had also a significant decreasing trend in negative symptoms (p= 0.012), whereas for the other two groups no significant results were observed (p= 0.069 and p= 0.226 respectively). All groups improved in positive symptoms during follow-up.ConclusionsAlthough cannabis use has deleterious effect, to stop it after the first psychotic episode produces a clearly improvement in the long-term follow-up.
PW01-217 - Gender Differences In Patients With Alcohol Dependence Cortisol Levels And Stress-Coping Styles Before And After Alcohol Withdrawal
Authors: Bayer U. , Gerhard U. , Walter M. , Wiesbeck G. 
Published: June 2010

Female and male alcohol dependent patients present an inhomogeneous group regarding to the drinking outcome. Stress, as well as stress-coping-styles are relevant predictive factors for the progress of alcohol dependence.MethodsSocial data, data of drinking behaviour, stress-styles and cortisol concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured in 130 patients with alcohol dependence (35F and 95M) before and after inpatient treatment.The age of onset alcohol dependence, the amount of alcohol consumption since last 3 months, the responsibility for education from children, living situation, and the practice of positive ore negative stress coping styles were investigated.ResultsFemale alcohol dependent patients show a significant higher age of onset for alcohol dependence (p=0.02) and have a significant lower consumption of alcohol in relation to male alcohol dependent patients (p=0.004).Moreover, female alcohol dependent patients are significant more frequent involved in education of children (p=0.04), and are living significant less alone (p=0.023).The cortisol levels in plasma and CSF between female and male alcohol dependent patients does not differ. However, female alcoholics show a significant higher score of negative stress-coping styles than male alcoholics (p= 0.023).ConclusionThere are significant psychosocial differences between female and male alcohol dependent patients. These gender specific differences relating to social stressors and handling with stress may be clinical relevant for treatment and outcome in alcohol-dependent patients.
PW01-220 - Audit Of Off License Olanzapine Prescibing In An Irish Tertiary Referral Addiction Centre
Authors: Clancy M. , Doran M. , O’Connor J. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionOlanzapine is prescribed in the treatment of schizophrenia and BPAD. It is not licensed for personality disorders, behavioural issues or in patients with opiate addiction.This audit sought to identify the number of opiate dependent patients in a tertiary referral centre on olanzapine and the reason why.MethodsAll patients attending one sector had their notes examined over a three year period to see whether they are or were on olanzapine. All patients were opiate dependent and prescribed methadone.Parameters looked at included Axis 1 or 2 diagnosis, previous psychiatric in-patient admissions, forensic history and whether fasting lipids and glucose were checked.Results169 charts were reviewed.Of these, 37 patients either were on or had been on olanzapine (21.9% overall).20 of these patients (11.8%) had an Axis 1 disorder, 17(10%) had behavioural diffciulties.Of the 20 patients with an Axis 1 disorder, 18 of them had an in-patient hospital admission.Only 7 of 17 patients on olanzapine with behavioural issues had an in-patient admission.All patients with behavioural difficulties had a forensic history and 16/17 had custodial sentences.15 of the 20 patients with Axis 1 diagnoses served custodial sentences.ConclusionA significant percentage of patients were prescribed olanzapine off license with no clinical indication.This is a worrying finding due to the abuse potential of olanzapine and longer term metabolic effects.Caution should be taken with prescribing olanzapine to opiate addicts who abuse it for its sedative effect.The value of this study is that it is one of the few to date to describe this problem.
PW01-225 - Perception Sleeps Disorders In Drug Dependent Patients
Authors: Grau-López L. , Roncero C. , Díaz-Morán S. , Guerrero C. , Rodriguez-Cintas L. , Sánchez L. , López- Ortiz C. , Egido Á. , Miquel L. , Esteve O. , Casas M. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionDrug substance abuse has been related with chronic insomnia and other sleep disorders that are thought to interfere in detoxification treatment and relapse induction. These disorders can persist after drug detoxification.ObjectivesTo describe sleep disorders refered by drug dependents patients in an inpatient detoxification unit.MethodsWe prospectively studied drug dependents patients admitted to our Detoxification Unit from January 2005 to March 2009. The first night, patients were asked to complete an 11-item questionnaire measure designed to assess the relationship between sleep disorders and drug use. Responses ranged from 1 to 7. The questionnaire measured the following:
a)insomnia before hospitalization;b)patients’ beliefs about the relationship between insomnia and drug use;c)insomnia in previous detoxifications;d)patients’ worry about insomnia;e)treatment of sleep disorder with benzodiazepines.ResultsThe study sample included 150 patients (75.3% men). 39% of the patients suffered from alcohol abuse, 34.67% from cocaine abuse, 22.67% from opiod abuse, 21% from cannabis abuse, 18% from benzodiazepine abuse, and 12.67% of patients were polydrug users.Lifetime prevalence of sleep disorders was 68.1%. 64% had suffered insomnia the months previous to detoxification. 80.1% of patients’ refered sleep disorders in relationship with substance abuse. 69.4% were worried about insomnia during detoxification. 75.4% of patients took benzodiazepines without prescription.ConclusionsSleep disorders in patients with drug abuse are frequent. A high prevalence of patients having worries about insomnia during the detoxification treatment and believing in a relationship between their sleep disorders and the drug abuse was found.
PW01-228 - Medication Use And Treatment Program For Nicotine Dependence In Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Jaber Filho J.A. , Hoffmann E. , Hoffmann A. , Tomé A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveNicotine dependence is a world health problem. The objective of this paper is to present the implementation of a treatment program and the use of varenicline as a specific medication for nicotine dependence during internment at our clinic in Rio de Janeiro.MethodsThe program starts with a first evaluation done by a psychiatrist. The initial dose of varenicline is 0,5 mg on the first 3 days raising to 0,5 mg twice a day from day 4 to day 7; after that it is increased to 1mg twice a day until 12 weeks are completed. It is suggested that the patient picks up a day to quit smoking, between the first and second week of use. It was also given behavioral and focal group therapy. During 14 months, we established a continuous reduction on the number of cigarettes, from 20 to 1 and finally 4 a day.ResultsThere were 354 patients attending the program from June 2008 to August 2009 and 69 (19,5%) accepted the whole program. From them, 56 (81,2%) used varenicline and all of them reached abstinence. Also, we followed these 56 patients for the last 6 months and 38 (67,8%) were still abstinent.ConclusionsThere was a high number of acceptance as well as of abstinence. Group and behavioral therapies can be important allies to varenicline. It is important to remember that the high cost of this medication remains an impediment for wide use. A planned reduction with cultural changes can also be very effective.
PW01-232 - Connectivity Genes In Comorbid Alcoholism And Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Lydall G. , Bass N. , McQuillin A. , Anjorin A. , Kandaswamy R. , Pereira A.C. , Guerrini I. , Curtis D. , Vine A.E. , Sklar P. , Purcell S.M. , Gurling H.M. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionBipolar disorder (BPD) and alcoholism are strongly comorbid and both have significant genetic influences but no consistent genetic vulnerability has been found. We aimed to find bipolar-alcoholism vulnerability genes.MethodA genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 510 patients with bipolar disorder (BPD), of whom 143 met Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) alcoholism diagnoses, and 506 ancestrally matched supernormal controls. We genotyped 372K genetic markers on an Affymetrix 500K-array. Chi-square analysis of allelic association using PLINK, and permutation testing for gene-wise association of genes previously associated with alcoholism-related phenotypes using COMBASSOC, were performed.ResultsNo marker met genomewide significance. Gene-wise analyses of markers clustering near genes already implicated in alcoholism, but which were not associated in non-alcoholic BPD, were: Cadherin-11 (CDH11, p = 6 × 10-4), Exportin 7 (XPO7), neuromedin-U receptor 2 (NMUR2), collagen type XI-alpha 2 (COL11A2) and Semaphorin-5A (SEMA5A).DiscussionThese genes replicated prior genetic reports implicating “connectivity” (adhesion, migration and neuronal signalling) genes in addictions and comorbid BPD. Connectivity genes regulate neuronal connections during development and play roles in later neuroadaptive and mnemonic processes. These processes may influence addiction vulnerability, as seen clinically in denial, cognitive impairment, and repetitive substance misuse and relapse behaviour. We propose that we have identified genes i) increasing susceptibility to alcoholism that could be unmasked or released by the presence of bipolar affective disorder; ii) and genes increasing susceptibility to affective disorder that also predispose to secondary alcoholism. We were limited by small sample size. Larger future studies are needed.
PW01-233 - Searching For Alcoholism Vulnerability Genes: Uk-Coga Provisional Clinical Findings
Authors: Lydall G. , Worlley K. , McQuillin A. , Jauhar S. , O’Kane A. , Rao H. , Anjorin A. , Guerrini I. , Curtis D. , Vine A.E. , Gurling H.M. ,   UK-COGA
Published: June 2010

BackgroundAlcoholism has a high prevalence and impacts on morbidity, mortality, life quality, and the economy. Heritability estimates of alcohol dependence are 50-61%. Putative psychological, cultural, and genetic susceptibilities to alcoholism have been identified but understanding of the genetic components is still underdeveloped.AimIdentify genetic vulnerabilities predisposing individuals to alcoholism and co-morbid psychiatric disorders in the largest study of its kind.Method12 centres including 10 trainees are currently collecting blood and clinical samples. Nearly 1700 of 2000 cases of ICD-10/DSM-IV alcohol dependence have been collected; 500 with standardized assessments of alcohol use and comorbdity; and 2000 ancestrally-matched supernormal controls from UCL/collaborators. Genomic DNA will be isolated following standard procedures. Genotyping will be performed using the Affymetrix Gene Chip Human Mapping 1M Array to type up to 1 million single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and copy number variant (CNV) markers. Chi-square analysis of allelic association for the alcoholic sample versus controls will occur.Resultsn=65; 57% male; mean age 45years; mean age onset harmful alcohol use 19years; mean age onset withdrawals 32y; mean alcohol intake 21 units; primary depression 27%; secondary depression 49%; antisocial personality disorder 14%. The candidate gene approach in this sample has shown that the GABA receptor B1 (GABRB1) and the tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1) are involved in genetic susceptibility to alcoholism. The D2 dopamine receptor is next.ConclusionPreliminary data suggests high psychiatric comorbidity in a clinical alcohol dependence sample and implicated candidate genes. Next is genomewide analysis of markers, sequencing and biological pathway/systems alterations.