bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signal transduction, plasma membrane calcium movements, and pigment translocation in freshwater shrimp chromatophores
Authors: Milograna Sarah Ribeiro , Bell Fernanda Tinti , McNamara John Campbell 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCrustacean color change results from the differential translocation of chromatophore pigments, regulated by neurosecretory peptides like red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH) that, in the red ovarian chromatophores of the freshwater shrimpMacrobrachium olfersi, triggers pigment aggregation via increased cytosolic cGMP and Ca2+of both smooth endoplasmatic reticulum (SER) and extracellular origin. However, Ca2+movements during RPCH signaling and the mechanisms that regulate intracellular [Ca2+] are enigmatic. We investigate Ca2+transporters in the chromatophore plasma membrane and Ca2+movements that occur during RPCH signal transduction. Inhibition of the plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase by La3+and indirect inhibition of the Na+/Ca2+exchanger by ouabain induce pigment aggregation, revealing a role for both in Ca2+extrusion. Ca2+channel blockade by La3+or Cd2+strongly inhibits slow‐phase RPCH‐triggered aggregation during which pigmentsdispersespontaneously. L‐type Ca2+channel blockade by gabapentin markedly reduces rapid‐phase translocation velocity; N‐ or P/Q‐type blockade by ω‐conotoxin MVIIC strongly inhibits RPCH‐triggered aggregation and reduces velocity, effects revealing RPCH‐signaled influx of extracellular Ca2+. Plasma membrane depolarization, induced by increasing external K+from 5 to 50 mM, produces Ca2+‐dependent pigment aggregation, whereas removal of K+from the perfusate causes pigment hyperdispersion, disclosing a clear correlation between membrane depolarization and pigment aggregation; K+channel blockade by Ba2+also partially inhibits RPCH action. We suggest that, during RPCH signal transduction, Ca2+released from the SER, together with K+channel closure, causes chromatophore membrane depolarization, leading to the opening of predominantly N‐ and/or P/Q‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+channels, and a Ca2+/cGMP cascade, resulting in pigment aggregation.J. Exp. Zool. 313A:605–617, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sarcoma botryoides: MRI findings in two patients
Authors: Kobi Mariya , Khatri Gaurav , Edelman Morris , Hines John 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report the magentic resonance (MR) findings of sarcoma botryoides in two young pediatric patients with this tumor. There has been very little literature regarding the MR appearance of this subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma. In both cases, the tumor was vaginal in origin, as would be expected in this age group. We found areas of bright T2 signal within these lesions, intermixed with areas of lower T2‐signal tissue, which showed considerable enhancement. These imaging findings are reflective of the histologic architecture of these lesions, which are composed of separate myxoid and subepithelial cellular zones. In both cases, the extent of the tumor and lack of local invasion or metastatic disease were confirmed surgically, and both patients have undergone multiple postoperative MR studies that have shown lack of residual, recurrent, or metastatic disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:708–712. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DTI‐based muscle fiber tracking of the quadriceps mechanism in lateral patellar dislocation
Authors: Kan J. Herman , Heemskerk Anneriet M. , Ding Zhaohua , Gregory Andrew , Mencio Gregory , Spindler Kurt , Damon Bruce M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurposeTo determine the feasibility of using diffusion tensor MRI (DT‐MRI) ‐based muscle fiber tracking to create biomechanical models of the quadriceps mechanism in healthy subjects and those with chronic lateral patellar dislocation (LPD).Materials and MethodsFour healthy (average 14.5 years old; BMI 21.8) and four chronic LPD (average 17.3 years old; BMI 22.4) females underwent DT and axial T1W MRI of the thighs. The anatomical and physiologic cross‐sectional areas (ACSA and PCSA, respectively) and pennation angle were calculated of the vastus lateralis oblique (VLO) and vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscles. The predicted resultant force vector on the patella was calculated.ResultsThe VLO pennation angles in healthy and LPD subjects were 18.7 and 14.5°, respectively (P = 0.141). The VMO pennation angles in healthy and LPD subjects were 11.4 and 14.8°, respectively (P = 0.02). The ACSA and PCSA VLO:VMO ratios in healthy and LPD subjects were 1.9:1.6 and 2.1:1.6, respectively (P = 0.025 and 0.202, respectively). Regardless of whether ACSA or PCSA was used to predict resultant lateral force vectors, the values differed between healthy and LPD subjects (∼2 and ∼5.3°, respectively; P < 0.05).ConclusionChronic LPD patients had more laterally directed predicted resultant force vectors than healthy subjects. Our preliminary results suggest that biomechanical models of the quadriceps mechanism in patients with chronic LPD and healthy subjects can be created in healthy subjects and patients with chronic LPD using DT‐MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:663–670. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase‐contrast magnetic resonance quantification of normal pulmonary venous return
Authors: Goo Hyun Woo , Al‐Otay Abdulmajeed , Grosse‐Wortmann Lars , Wu Shengping , Macgowan Christopher K. , Yoo Shi‐Joon 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurposeTo assess the feasibility of phase‐contrast magnetic resonance (PCMR) in quantifying the pulmonary venous return in normal subjects.Materials and MethodsPCMR was performed in 12 healthy adult volunteers (mean age 38 years, range 27–60 years; 9 men; body surface area 1.81 ± 0.15 m2) for the ascending and descending aorta, caval veins, main and branch pulmonary arteries, and pulmonary veins. Two readers independently quantified blood flow in all subjects.ResultsIntraobserver differences were −2.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −9.9% to 5.9%), −4.5% (95% CI: −15.6% to 6.5%), and −0.7% (95% CI: −4.5% to 3.0%) for all vessels, pulmonary veins, and other great vessels, respectively. Interobserver differences were −2.0% (95% CI: −10.6% to 6.6%), −3.1% (95% CI: −16.0% to 9.9%), and −1.4% (95% CI: −6.4% to 3.5%) for all vessels, pulmonary veins, and other great vessels, respectively. Pulmonary venous flow volume showed high correlations with the volumes of the pulmonary arterial flow, systemic arterial flow, and systemic venous flow (r = 0.76–0.92, P < 0.005).ConclusionFlow quantification of normal pulmonary venous return using PCMR is feasible with high reproducibility and accuracy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:588–594. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vibrational spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations of poly‐D‐mannuronate and heteropolymeric fractions from sodium alginate
Authors: Cardenas‐Jiron G. , Leal D. , Matsuhiro B. , Osorio‐Roman I. O. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe tetrasaccharide of 1 → 4β‐D‐mannopyranuronate (MM) and the alternating tetrasaccharide of 1 → 4 b‐D‐mannopyranuronate and 1 → 4α‐L‐gulopyranuronate (MG) were analyzed based on density functional theory (DFT) by employing the Gaussian 03 W package. The molecular geometries were fully optimized by using the Becke's three‐parameter hybrid exchange functional combined with Lee–Yang–Parr correlation functional (B3LYP) and using a 6‐31G(d,p) basis set. The calculated IR spectrum of MM presents a band at 1093 cm−1 for CC stretching vibration, which is in good agreement with the experimental observation (1096 cm−1) for the polymannuronate fraction obtained by partial hydrolysis of sodium alginate extracted from the hybrid brown seaweed Lessonia–Macrocystis. The calculated value at 826 cm−1for MM is in close agreement with the experimental value and confirms that this band is characteristic of polymannuronate blocks. Most of the bands in the IR spectrum are also present in the observed Raman spectrum of the polymannuronate fraction. The experimental IR spectrum of heteropolymeric fraction obtained by partial hydrolysis of sodium alginate shows absorbances similar to those calculated for the model tetrasaccharide (MG). Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) allows differentiation between the homopolymeric and heteropolymeric fractions of sodium alginate. The SERS spectrum of the heteropolymeric fraction shows an enhanced signal at 731 cm−1which is present in the calculated Raman spectrum of the tetrasaccharide MG at 729 cm−1. This band is assigned to the ring‐breathing deformation of the β‐D‐mannopyranuronate and α‐L‐gulopyranuronate residues. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychometric properties of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology in adolescents
Authors: Bernstein Ira H. , Rush A. John , Trivedi Madhukar H. , Hughes Carroll W. , Macleod Laurie , Witte Bradley P. , Jain Shailesh , Mayes Taryn L. , Emslie Graham J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: The clinician‐rated (QIDS‐C16) and self‐report (QIDS‐SR16) versions of the 16‐item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology have been extensively examined in adult populations. This study evaluated both versions of the QIDS and the 17‐item Children's Depressive Rating Scale – Revised (CDRS‐R) in an adolescent outpatient sample.Method: Both the QIDS‐C16 and QIDS‐SR16 were completed for the adolescents. Three different methods were used to complete the QIDS‐C16: (a) adolescents' responses to clinician interviews; (b) parents' responses to clinician interview; and (c) a composite score using the most pathological response from the two interviews. Both classical and item response theory methods were used. Factor analyses evaluated the dimensionality of each scale.Results: The sample included 140 adolescent outpatients. All versions of the QIDS, save the parent interview, and the CDRS‐R were very reliable (α ≥ 0.8). All four versions of the QIDS are reasonably effective and unidimensional. The CDRS‐R was clearly at least two‐dimensional. The CDRS‐R was the most discriminating among low and extremely high levels of depression. The QIDS‐SR16 was the most discriminating at moderate levels of depression. There was no relation between the QIDS scores and concurrent Axis III comorbidities.Conclusion: The QIDS‐C16 and the QIDS‐SR16 are suitable for use in adolescents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revisiting the overcontrolled–undercontrolled typology of violent offenders
Authors: D'Silva Karen , Duggan Conor 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground In 1966, Megargee separated individuals with violent behaviour into those who either overcontrolled or undercontrolled their hostility and suggested that this typology might be helpful when considering their treatment.Method We compared the criminological and psychopathological features of those with a single violent offence (SV) and with those who were repeatedly violent (RV).Results Fifty‐one violent personality disordered offenders detained in medium‐ or high‐ secure care were examined (19 in the SV group and 32 in the RV group). In comparison to the RV group, the SV group were less antisocial and psychopathic and showed greater anger and behavioural control. However, these differences appeared to be due to the undercontrolled nature of the RV group, rather than the overcontrolled nature of the SV group.Conclusion There was little evidence to support an overcontrolled hostility pattern in the SV group in this sample. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of taspine on proliferation and apoptosis by regulating caspase‐3 expression and the ratio of Bax/Bcl‐2 in A431 cells
Authors: Zhang Yanmin , Jiang Qiao , Wang Nan , Dai Bingling , Chen Yinnan , He Langchong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTaspine is an active component isolated from Radix et Rhizoma Leonticis. It has been shown that taspine can inhibit tumour angiogenesis. However, how it inhibits the proliferation of, and induces apoptosis in, A431 cells is unknown. The study investigated the effects of taspine on the proliferation and apoptosis in the A431 cell line using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blotting (WB) and real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Changes in microstructure, cell cycle and protein expressions of caspase‐3, cleaved caspase‐3, cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), Bcl‐2 and Bax were observed after treatment of A431 cells with taspine. Taspine could inhibit the growth of, and induce apoptosis in, A431 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. The cell cycle was significantly stopped at S phase. Nuclear karyopyknosis, chromatin agglutination and typical apoptotic bodies were found in A431 cells. There was a decrease in the expression of Bcl‐2, whereas the expression of caspase‐3, cleaved caspase‐3, CDK2, CDK4 and Bax increased. These data demonstrated that taspine can inhibit the proliferation of, and induce apoptosis in, A431 cells by activating caspase‐3 expression and up‐regulating the ratio of Bax/Bcl‐2 in A431 cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerating the spin‐up of Ensemble Kalman Filtering
Authors: Kalnay Eugenia , Yang Shu‐Chih 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEnsemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) may have a longer spin‐up time to reach its asymptotic level of accuracy than the corresponding spin‐up time in variational methods (3D‐Var or 4D‐Var). During the spin‐up EnKF has to fulfill two independent requirements, namely that the ensemble mean be close to the true state, and that the ensemble perturbations represent the ‘errors of the day’. As a result, there are cases, such as radar observations of a severe storm, or regional forecast of a hurricane, where EnKF may spin‐up too slowly to be useful. A heuristic scheme is proposed to accelerate the spin‐up of EnKF by applying a no‐cost Ensemble Kalman Smoother, and using the observations more than once in each assimilation window during spin‐up in order to maximize the initial extraction of information. The performance of this scheme is tested with the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) implemented in a quasi‐geostrophic model, which requires a very long spin‐up time when initialized from random initial perturbations from a uniform distribution. Results show that with the new ‘running in place’ (RIP) scheme the LETKF spins up and converges to the optimal level of error faster than 3D‐Var or 4D‐Var, even in the absence of any prior information. Additional computations (2 to 12 iterations for each assimilation window) are only required during the initial spin‐up, since the scheme naturally returns to the original LETKF after spin‐up is achieved. RIP also accelerates spin‐up when the initial perturbations are drawn from a well‐tuned 3D‐Var background‐error covariance, rather than being uniform noise, and fewer iterations and RIP cycles are required than in the case without such prior information. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Output feedback model predictive control of uncertain norm‐bounded linear systems
Authors: Famularo D. , Franzè G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA constrained output feedback model predictive control (MPC) scheme for uncertain Norm‐Bounded discrete‐time linear systems is presented. This scheme extends recent results achieved by the authors under full‐state availability to the more interesting case of incomplete and noisy state information. The design procedure consists of an off‐line step where a state feedback and an asymptotic observer (dynamic primal controller) are designed via bilinear matrix inequalities and used to robustly stabilize a suitably augmented state plant. The on‐line moving horizon procedure addsNfree control moves to the action of the primal controller which are computed by solving a linear matrix inequality optimization problem whose numerical complexity grows up onlylinearlywith the control horizonN. The effectiveness of the proposed MPC strategy is illustrated by a numerical example. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterizing the greedy behavior in wireless ad hoc networks
Authors: Djahel Soufiene , Naït‐abdesselam Farid , Turgut Damla 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWhile the problem of greedy behavior at the MAC layer has been widely explored in the context of wireless local area networks (WLAN), its study for multi‐hop wireless networks still almost an unexplored and unexplained problem. Indeed, in a wireless local area network, an access point mostly forwards packets sent by wireless nodes over the wired link. In this case, a greedy node can easily get more bandwidth share and starve all other associated contending nodes by manipulating intelligently MAC layer parameters. However, in wireless ad hoc environment, all packets are transmitted in a multi‐hop fashion over wireless links. In this case, an attempting greedy node, if it behaves similarly as in a WLAN, trying to starve all its neighbors, then its next hop forwarder will be also prevented from forwarding its own traffic, which leads obviously to an end to end throughput collapse. In this paper, we show that in order to have a more beneficial greedy behavior in wireless ad hoc network, a node must adopt a different approach than in WLAN to achieve a better performance of its own flows. Then, we present a new strategy to launch such a greedy attack in a proactive routing based wireless ad hoc network. A detailed description of the proposed strategy is provided along with its validation through extensive simulations. The obtained results show that a greedy node, applying the defined strategy, can gain more bandwidth than its neighbors and keep the end‐to‐end throughput of its own flows highly reasonable. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Biopolymer Emulsifier Performance in Formation and Stabilization of Orange Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Qian Cheng , Decker Eric Andrew , Xiao Hang , McClements David Julian 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effectiveness of various biopolymer emulsifiers at forming and stabilizing model beverage emulsions was examined: β‐lactoglobulin (BLG); gum arabic (GA); conventional modified starch (MS‐old); new modified starch (MS‐new). Orange oil‐in‐water emulsions (5% oil) were prepared using high pressure homogenization. For BLG, MS‐new, MS‐old and GA, the minimum droplet diameters produced were 171, 254, 222 and 497 nm, while the minimum mass ratio of emulsifier‐to‐oil required to produce small droplets were 0.5:5, 1:5, 3:5 and 5:5, respectively. The influence of pH (3–8), ionic strength (0–500 mM NaCl, 0–50 mM CaCl2) and thermal treatment (30–90 °C) on the stability of the emulsions was examined. Extensive droplet aggregation occurred in BLG‐stabilized emulsions around their isoelectric point (pH ≈ 5), at high salt concentrations (≥300 mM NaCl, ≥10 mM CaCl2, pH 7) and at high temperatures (>70 °C, 200 mM NaCl, pH 7) due to changes in electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. There was little effect of pH, ionic strength and temperature on emulsions stabilized by GA or MS due to strong steric (rather than electrostatic) stabilization. The new type of modified starch used in this study was capable of forming stable emulsions with small droplet sizes at low concentrations.
The Real Costs of Surgical Instrument Training in Sterile Processing Revisited
Authors: Chobin Nancy 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe need for properly trained sterile processing staff members has grown with the increased sophistication of surgical procedures. In 1998, I conducted a survey of hospitals about various aspects of training sterile processing personnel, including the length of time for training employees to process general surgical and specialty surgical instruments. To evaluate trends, I conducted a second survey 10 years later. A majority of the 2008 respondents indicated that training would take three to six months (60%) or six to 12 months (31%) and that most preceptors (52%) spend two to three months working with new employees. A calculation of the cost to train a sterile processing technician to the competent level, including the salary of the preceptor, was $41,414 for 2008, an increase of more than 100% from the 1998 calculation. These costs must be weighed against the loss of revenue when procedures are delayed because of missing, damaged, or unclean instruments and the patient safety issues that could result if an employee is not well trained.
Compliance With Surgical Smoke Evacuation Guidelines: Implications for Practice
Authors: Ball Kay 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSurgical smoke presents a serious health hazard, but perioperative nurses' compliance with smoke evacuation recommendations is not consistent. I investigated key indicators for compliance with electrosurgical smoke evacuation recommendations based on nurses' individual innovativeness characteristics, perceptions of the attributes of smoke evacuation recommendations, and organizational innovativeness characteristics. The study findings provide implications for improving nurses' compliance with smoke evacuation recommendations. Individual innovativeness characteristics, including nurses' knowledge and training, were most strongly linked to smoke evacuation compliance. The key indicators that promote surgical smoke evacuation can provide direction to guide the content of education programs and help identify the personnel and settings that are most in need of this information. Barriers to compliance included lack of equipment, physician resistance, noise, and staff member complacency. Vendor demonstrations on the ease of smoke evacuation device use can show nurses that smoke evacuation is compatible with nursing practice. Facility leaders should provide smoke evacuation policies that are easy to understand and should enforce these policies.
Peripheral N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors contribute to mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat model of inflammatory temporomandibular joint pain
Authors: Ivanusicl J.J. , Beainil D. , Hatchl R.J. , Staikopoulosl V. , Sesslel B.J. , Jenningsl E.A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether peripheral N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors are involved in inflammation‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region. We developed a rat model of mechanical sensitivity to Complete FreunD's Adjuvant (CFA; 2μl containing 1μg Mycobacterium tuberculosis)‐induced inflammation of the TMJ and examined changes in sensitivity following injection of NMDA receptor antagonists (dl‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid (AP5) or Ifenprodil) with CFA. CFA injected into the TMJ resulted in an increase in mechanical sensitivity relative to pre‐injection that peaked at day 1 and lasted for up to 3 days (n =8, P <0.05). There was no change in mechanical sensitivity in vehicle‐injected rats at any time‐point (n =9). At day 1, there was a significant increase in mechanical sensitivity in animals injected with CFA+vehicle (n =7) relative to those injected with vehicle alone (n =7, P <0.05), and co‐injection of AP5 (n =6) or Ifenprodil (n =7) with CFA blocked this hypersensitivity. Subcutaneous injection of AP5 (n =7) and Ifenprodil (n =5) instead of into the TMJ had no significant effect on CFA‐induced hypersensitivity of the TMJ region. Western blot analysis revealed constitutive expression of the NR1 and NR2B subunits in trigeminal ganglion lysates. Immunohistochemical studies showed that 99% and 28% of trigeminal ganglion neurons that innervated the TMJ contained the NR1 and NR2B subunits respectively. Our findings suggest a role for peripheral NMDA receptors in inflammation‐induced pain of the TMJ region. Targeting peripheral NMDA receptors with peripheral application of NMDA receptor antagonists could provide therapeutic benefit and avoid side effects associated with blockade of NMDA receptors in the central nervous system.