bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue Eosinophils in Different Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – A Special Stain (Carbol Chromotrope) Study
Authors: Prem Diana , Murugesan Ambika , Sekar B. , Ramesh Maya 
Published: May 2024

Background:
In recent days, tissue eosinophils are considered to have more impetus role in the biological behavior of various tumors. Compared to routine hematoxylin and eosin stain, the special stains such as carbol chromotrope for eosinophils are considered to be more specific and definitive for its evaluation in routine histopathology.

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate and compare the infiltration of tissue eosinophils in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using a special stain – carbol chromotrope and to investigate the prognostic role of tissue eosinophils in OSCC.

Methodology:
The study was carried out with the sample size of fifty histopathologically diagnosed cases of OSCC, of which twenty cases were well differentiated, twenty cases were moderately differentiated, and ten cases were poorly differentiated, and comparison of infiltration of tissue eosinophils in the different grades of OSCC was done using special stain. The tissue sections were stained with carbol chromotrope special stain.

Results:
In the present study, more number of tissue eosinophils were seen in well-differentiated OSCC cases than the moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC cases, and the analysis of variance test showed P < 0.001. Tukey B's post hoc range test showed that mean scores fell in three different subsets, and the least mean score was observed in the poorly differentiated group (2.20) and the highest mean score was observed in the well-differentiated group (34.75).

Conclusion:
The results proved that the presence of more number of tissue eosinophils in well-differentiated OSCC is associated with favorable prognosis and that quantitative assessment of tissue eosinophilia should become a part of the routine histopathological diagnosis for the different grades of OSCC.
Direct Optic Nerve Transection after Head Injury
Authors: Obasuyi Osamudiamen Cyril , Ovienria Wilson Abhulimen , Osuji Ugochukwu Ethelbert 
Published: May 2024

Optic nerve injuries, though rare, pose a serious threat to vision irrespective of how mild they may appear.
We present a case of a 19-year-old poly-traumatized female student who presented with a 2-h history of multiple soft and hard tissue facial injuries with loss of consciousness after a motor vehicular road traffic accident. The patient was admitted and was treated with a multidisciplinary management approach.
A total afferent pupillary defect noticed on presentation and confirmed in follow-up examinations was the patient's pointer to a left optic nerve transection. Total vision loss was confirmed in the left eye, with regain of consciousness and recovery.
Electrophysiological Features of Hypnotic State in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Çinaroglu Metin , Tas Cumhur 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
Hypnosis is treated as a state of mind. An individual depending on his/her social and psychological features follows suggestions and applies the requirements concerning time and space. With the advancement in brain-imagining techniques, viewing neuropsychological features of hypnosis has become a possibility. This article investigates the neuropsychological properties of hypnosis. The present study examines the electrophysiological features of the hypnotic minds of healthy individuals. This study aims to detect whether there is a change in and, if yes, in what region of suggestible individuals' minds during hypnosis.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, 34 highly suggestive individuals were selected out of 150 healthy individuals and were subjected to multidimensional Iowa suggestibility scale inventory and electroencephalogram (EEG). Due to technical problems during EEG, 24 data could be used cleanly. Using a correlational design, 34 healthy, suggestive individuals between the ages of 18–55 were included in the study. These participants have gone through an EEG procedure using the oddball paradigm. EEG and oddball were administered to 17 participants with and without hypnosis. Seventeen participants were administered without and with hypnosis. Twenty-four participants whose data was clear were included in the analyses.

Results:
When the groups were compared, it was seen that there was no significant difference in P300, P200, and P100 activities. There was also no significant difference in N200 and N100 activities.

Conclusions:
In this study the authors administered oddball paradigm with hypnosis and without hypnosis. The authors do not report any differences between conditions in terms of enterprise resource plannings. Although there was no statistically significant difference in this experimental design, studies with new and different designs should be continued.
Uskudar Life Meaning and Goals Scale Validity and Reliability Studies
Authors: Tarhan Nevzat , Ünal Aylin Tutgun 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
One of the important factors that cause stress today is aimlessness. Determining the meaning and purposes of life has an impact on both the mental and physical health of the individual. Two types of values are mentioned as tool values and purpose values. Measuring the life goals to include these values is seen as important for determining the life goal skills of individuals. Hence, it is aimed to measure meaning and purpose and to measure perceptions about it.

Materials and Methods:
This study aimed to carry out validity and reliability studies of the Uskudar Life Meaning and Goals Scale (USLIFE). The sample consisted of 1026 people from Turkey. Factor analysis revealed that the scale consists of seven factors.

Results:
The first factor “Abstract Meaning Skill” explains 14.59% of the variance, the second factor “Skill to Delay of Gratification” 10.31% of the variance, the third factor “Concrete Meaning Skill” 8.97% of the variance, the fourth factor “Internal Control Skill” 5.53% of the variance, the fifth factor “Medium- and Long-Term Planning Skill” 4.60% of the variance, the sixth factor “Belief in Death” 4.39% of the variance, and the seventh factor “Ego Ideal Perception” explains 3.87% of the variance. The seven-factor structure consisting of 28 items in total explained 52.28%. In addition, seven factors confirmed the USLIFE in the confirmatory factor analysis. Goodness-of-fit values were found to be acceptable. The Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was found to be 0.74.

Conclusion:
A valid and reliable scale, named “USLIFE,” has emerged. This scale measures people's life goals skills and is graded in the five-point Likert type between “completely agree” and “never agree.”
Quantitative Structured Reporting in Dementia Studies with Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Barzegar Mojtaba , Carreras Joan 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Nowadays, radiology is playing a very essential role in quantitative imaging from medical images to quantitative biomarkers. Integration of this numerical information into structured reports can make it more practical tool for an accurate diagnosis of dementia.

Materials and Methods:
This research developed a structured radiological report template for dementia as an automated integration of quantitative imaging biomarkers of magnetic resonance images into neurological structured reporting as a new achievement in the Management of Radiology Report Templates in a more organized style.

Results:
A significant accuracy rather than free conventional style for dementia patients.

Conclusion:
Final aim of this study is making this feature available to make the best decision on patients with some dementia signs.
Clinico-epidemiological and Patch Test Profile of Patients with Suspected Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Cosmetics in a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Southern Philippines: A 3-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Pario Zacaria B. , Castaños Karla Phoebe B. , Contreras Andrea Isabel 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common skin inflammatory reaction occurring at the site of challenge with a contact allergen in sensitized individuals and one of the most common causes for consultation in dermatology clinics. Patch testing is a method for detecting the causative component in suspected cases of ACD. Awareness about the causative allergen aids in reducing morbidity and can significantly minimize the impact of ACD in the affected people.

Objectives:
The study aimed to measure the number of relevant positive reactions in patch tests being performed in our institution in patients with ACD to cosmetic products.

Methods:
A total of 60 patients who were diagnosed with ACD to cosmetics and underwent patch testing were reviewed to identify the clinico-epidemiological and patch test profiles of these patients.

Results:
The study showed that the mean age of patients was 42 comprising mostly of females. Most of the patients were unemployed, office workers, and medical workers. The most common cosmetic products that caused ACD include soaps, shampoos, lotions, and moisturizers. Nickel is still the most tested positive among these patients, followed by fragrance mixes and 4-phenylenediamine base. They are widely distributed in cosmetic products, especially in soaps and lotions. The pattern of dermatitis revealed facial dermatitis to be the most common reason for consult of these patients.

Conclusion:
Patch test is valuable in the setting of establishing the etiology of ACD to cosmetic products.
Noninvasive tear breakup time evaluation with multifunctional topography supports the diagnosis of evaporative dry eye disease
Authors: Correa-Sandoval Diana Carolina , Quintanilla-Treviño Patricio M. , Amparo Francisco , Garza-Leon Manuel Alejandro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder that presents alterations in the homeostasis of the tear film and is accompanied by characteristic symptoms of ocular discomfort. In normal circumstances, the tear film has a uniform distribution on the eye, allowing for a normal function of the ocular surface unit. In patients with DED, the tear film presents a nonuniform, suboptimal distribution on the ocular surface that manifests with premature ruptures following the regular blinking pattern. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and identify the differences in the tear film breakup patterns in patients with evaporative dry eye when compared to healthy controls.

Methods:
We designed a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study to evaluate the tear film breakup patterns in two groups: (a) patients with a diagnosis of evaporative dry eye and (b) healthy subjects as controls. All the participants underwent a comprehensive assessment that included the following assessments: a symptom questionnaire, noninvasive tear film breakup using multifunctional topography, clinical evaluation of the ocular surface, and staining.

Results:
Seventy-two eyes from 72 participants were studied. Participants had a mean age of 34.9 ± 25.1 years, 51.4% were male, 36 were patients with evaporative dry eye, and 36 were healthy controls. All the patients with evaporative dry eye presented some type of tear rupture compared with only 50% of the healthy subjects. The lower temporal quadrant of the cornea was the region that most consistently presented tear film ruptures in patients with evaporative dry eye as compared with healthy subjects (22 vs. 9, P = 0.003) (odds ratio: 4.17, 95% confidence interval: 1.75–13.15).

Conclusions:
Evaluation of specific noninvasive tear film breakup patterns through multifunctional topography can be a valuable assessment for the screening of subjects to complement the diagnosis of evaporative dry eye.
Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia among HIV infected children and adolescents
Authors: Bello Surajudeen Oyeleke , Audu Esther Solomon , Hassan Ikrama , Abolodje Efe , Bako Ishaku 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Malaria manifests with life-threatening manifestations resulting in hospital admissions and sometimes death may ensue. This is more devastating among children due to high susceptibility resulting from impaired immune system following severe malaria. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection with malaria further compromises the immune system and increases the vulnerability. The effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in curtailing malaria has not being well evaluated in our environment where both malaria and HIV are endemic. This study sets out to determine the magnitude of asymptomatic malaria among HIV-infected children and adolescents receiving care at our facility.

Study Design:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study among HIV-infected children aged 2–18 years was enrolled in our care. Nonprobability convenience sampling was used to recruit individuals who fulfilled the criteria. Questionnaire and patients' medical records were used to gather some data. A sample was taken for malaria parasite microscopy. The analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Categorical variables were presented as percentages and association assessed using Chi-square test, whereas continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation, and the association between two means was checked using Student's t-test.

Results:
The mean age of the study population is 7.02 ± 2.97 years. Of the 420 participants in this study, 92 (45.7%) had confirmed malaria. There was no significant difference in the gender, age groups, and viral loads of patients with malaria.

Conclusion:
There is a high prevalence of malaria coinfection with HIV in this study.
The use of excel spread sheet and printer in marking medical science objective questions
Authors: Okolo Raymond Ugochukwu , Kolawole Olorunshola Victor 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Multiple-choice question (MCQ) is an effective form of written assessments for knowledge acquisition. Optical mark reading scanner is used for grading MCQs. Major setback in the use of scanner is the cost of acquiring it. Consequently, several manual methods such as conference making and stencil overlay are used to mark MCQ. This paper highlights the use of Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and printer to mark MCQ and compares the method with other manual methods of marking.

Materials and Methods:
Five sets of 100 stems of objective questions (true or false, one in five, and matching types) were administered to students. Answer script was designed using Excel Spreadsheet. Three groups of marking were done: directly on the question paper, use of stencil for marking on the answer script, use of Microsoft Excel soft copy. At the end of the marking process, mean marking time, mean collation time, mean counting time, and mean marking error were collated and compared. The instant computer statistical software was used to calculate means, standard deviations, and ANOVA. A P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.

Results:
Results showed a statistically significant low mean marking time of 0.68 h (P < 0.0001) for the spreadsheet/printer marking method. Marking error was significantly low with this method (P < 0.001) as compared with other manual marking methods. The collation time and counting time were not significantly different across the groups.

Conclusion:
It is concluded that Excel Spreadsheet and printer marking method significantly reduced marking time and marking errors in marking MCQs.
Te Ruru
Authors: Johnson Tom , Allport Tanya , Boulton Amohia 
Published: May 2024

Indigenous cultures have long-held perspectives that emphasise the interdependence of all living things as holistic systems. Our worldview is thus shaped by deeply embedded relationality, which is in constant response to our interconnected experiences and knowledges. Systems thinking is a way of looking at the world that recognises the interconnectedness of both natural and human-made systems. The systems change approach, which takes into account the interconnected nature of the world's economic, social, and ecological systems, finds common ground with an inclusive, connected Indigenous holistic world

view. This article explores the congruence and compatibility between systems change thinking and Indigenous frameworks, emphasizing their common ground. The article introduces an example from Aotearoa New Zealand, which has integrated the tenets of systems change methodology within tribally based principles and aspirations to create ‘Te Ruru”. Te Ruru, an Indigenous framework of systems change, has been designed by a tribally owned Māori (Indigenous peoples of New Zealand) health research centre to investigate the overarching system(s) that perpetuate inequity of Māori health outcomes. Te Ruru is depicted in three parts: the first part, or micro lens; the second part, the macro lens; and part three, the meso lens. The first part of the framework prioritizes Indigenous identities and values. In part two, Te Ruru's beak, eyes, and wings symbolize the translation of research findings, strategic oversight, and the ability to navigate systems change. The third part of the framework illustrates the goal of new mātauranga and the need to address internal barriers and traumas, emphasizing the necessity for healing and restoration to sustain long-term systems change. A case study of how Te Ruru has been used in conjunction with a research methodology (TUI) is also included. Te Ruru has been purposefully adapted from a specific tribe’s knowledge and iterated to represent not just the visible system(s) that Māori communities occupy, but also the ‘unseen’ within Indigenous and colonial histories. Using systems change from an intentional Indigenous paradigm is thereby an act of decolonisation— a direct act against the systems currently blocking Indigenous flourishing.

Te Ruru's transformational power lies in its ability to bring to the surface the seen and unseen, and thereby support Māori to take the helm to lead systemic change via the Indigenous translation of inclusive health research.
Hedgerows for Hedgehogs and Campus Biodiversity
Authors: Cousquer Glen , Norris Emily , Lurz Peter , Vander Meer Elizabeth , Gurnell John 
Published: May 2024

Across society, organisations find themselves challenged to address the climate and nature emergencies. Universities have a complex set of responsibilities given that they are preparing students for an uncertain future in which the very survival of life is in the balance. A characteristic of this complex challenge is the need to develop the necessary ecological and vertical literacy required to tackle the many aspects of fragmentation we are subject to. The 30x30 biodiversity challenge provides universities with an opportunity to address one particular form of fragmentation, that affecting habitats.
The case study presented here explores how a Hedgehog Friendly Campus (HFC) initiative allowed awareness of hedgehog habitat needs and in particular the health of hedgerows to feed into campus environmental management. A surprising finding is that addressing the fragmentation of hedgerows highlights organisational fragmentation, with little communication between landscape managers, research and teaching. A collaborative systems approach to the biodiversity challenge is thus needed and realising this will challenge universities to build their capacity to embrace research and learning for sustainability through living lab projects. This requires a recognition of the responsibility universities have to enable action learning across disciplines in ways that will connect staff and students to, and bring them into relation with, the biodiversity crisis at a local level. The HFC initiative provides a rich opportunity for communities of inquiry and practice to be nurtured and for this process to inform the evolution of our understanding of habitat restoration on university campuses as a corporate responsibility.
Can standardized criteria enhance the accuracy of the interpretation of ECGs in pre-participation screening?
Authors: Büyüklüoğlu Gökhan , Ercan Sabriye , Fatma Özer Sümeyye , Örsçelik Aydan 
Published: May 2024

Objective: Sudden cardiac death during sports is a relatively uncommon but impactful phenomenon. Athletes frequently do not show symptoms and SCD is the first sign. The two primary approaches are pre-participation examination and broadening the use of automated external defibrillators to decrease the occurrence of this deleterious event. A critical aspect of this exam involves assessing the resting 12-lead ECG. Evaluation of ECGs in deciding for eligibility of athletes is crucial. This study assesses the impact of "abnormal ECG criteria in athletes" on the ECG interpretation by sports medicine residents in Türkiye.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by sending an online questionnaire to sports medicine residents in Türkiye. It was designed so that the same 40 ECGs were evaluated twice by the same residents. Abnormal ECG Criteria file has been delivered to participants after the initial evaluation and they were asked to assess the same 40 ECGs based on these criteria for the second evaluation.
Results: Twenty-six participants completed both parts of the questionnaire. The median score of the before one-shot education session was 30.00, with minimum and maximum scores of 18 and 35, respectively. The median score of the after one-shot education session was 31.00, with minimum and maximum scores of 26 and 37, respectively. There was a significant increase in the total score after one-shot education session, based on the Wilcoxon signed rank test (p=0.035).
Conclusion: Relying on the standardized criteria for ECG evaluation during pre-participation examination significantly improved the interpretations of sports medicine residents.
Book review: Pembandaran Kolonial dan Penghapusan Bangsa Melayu di Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Rasdi Mohd Tajuddin 
Published: May 2024

This essay is a personal review of the book Pembandaran Kolonial dan Penghapusan Bangsa Melayu di Malaysia edited by Norsaleha Mohd Salleh, Mohd Zul Helmi Md Bahrudin and Nur Hanis Mohamad Noor. The book in question is published by the Interdisciplinary Research and International Strategy (IRIS) Institute based in Malaysia. The institute seems to be a body dedicated to the reinstatement of the Malay people in the future development of Malaysia as a nation of multicultural presence. The book in question is one of the attempts at resetting the narrative of history towards charting a more focused approach in helping the Malays in national development.

Esei ini adalah ulasan peribadi tentang buku Pembandaran Kolonial dan Penghapusan Bangsa Melayu di Malaysia yang disunting oleh Norsaleha Mohd Salleh, Mohd Zul Helmi Md Bahrudin, dan Nur Hanis Mohamad Noor. Buku yang dimaksudkan diterbitkan oleh Institut Interdisciplinary Research and International Strategy (IRIS) yang berpusat di Malaysia. Institut ini nampaknya merupakan sebuah badan yang didedikasikan untuk mengembalikan peranan bangsa Melayu dalam pembangunan masa depan Malaysia sebagai sebuah negara berbilang budaya. Buku yang dimaksudkan adalah salah satu usaha untuk menetapkan semula naratif sejarah ke arah pendekatan yang lebih fokus dalam membantu orang Melayu dalam pembangunan nasional.