bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real Time Simulation of the Dispersion of Accidental Emission Release of Hazardous Substance on Industrial Site using 3D Modelling.
Authors: Libre Jean-marie , Tripathi Amita , Le Guellec Mallo , Mailliard Thibault , Guerin Stephanie , Souprayen Claude , Castellari Aldo 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The knowledge in real time of the concentration fields resulting from the accidental release of hazardous substance would be extremely valuable information as support for emergency actions and impact evaluation on the industrial site itself and its vicinity. For that purpose, a modelling platform is being developed and applied to simulate in real time the atmospheric dispersion of hazardous substance at the scale of the industrial site and also on its surroundings. The industrial site of Lacq (France) has been chosen as a pilot and the key hazardous substance considered in this study is hydrogen sulphide (H2S). A 3D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) model (Fluidyn-Panepr) has been chosen, to simulate the 3D wind field pattern on the industrial site, taking into account the details of the installations. This approach enables a simulation as close as possible of the turbulence and flow around the buildings which could not be done with a standard Gaussian approach. For that purpose a detailed numerical model of Lacq installation was built based on a thorough review of the existing installations and evaluation of their size and porosity. Wind fields were calculated for a set of predefined boundary conditions based on the climatology of the site. Investigations were carried out to ensure that site Information Systems could deliver in real time the information available from the H2S sensors and on site meteorological station. The real time approach is made possible by the use of complete wind field pre-calculated database automatically selected in case of accidental release by comparison with real time wind direction and speed measurements from the meteorological station located on the industrial site. The location and intensity of the source term is determined using a probabilistic approach (Bayesian inference) making use of both real time measurements and pre-calculated concentration responses from unitary emissions (puffs) on sensors. This approach was validated successfully using a limited number of sensors and sources but with the complex structure and flow patterns expected on the site. The activation of the simulation platform is triggered by the detection of above threshold concentrations at the sensors. The estimated source term is then used in forward dispersion mode to simulate the dispersion in (fast) Lagrangian puff mode. The modelling platform will be validated through measurement campaigns with neutral species in 2010.
An Integrated Analysis for the Re-assessment of Hydrocarbon Potential of a Low Prospect Area: A Case Study on Jurassic Marrat Reservoir of Burgan Structure in South East Kuwait.
Authors: Dey Arun Kanti , Singh Sunil Kumar , Banik Nikhil , Ammar Heyam Muhammed , Khan Badruzzaman 
Published: December 2009

Abstract:
The hydrocarbon potential of Jurassic sediment of Burgan area in southeast Kuwait was re-evaluated after the discovery of hydrocarbon from Jurassic section in different parts of Kuwait. An integrated approach was adopted for this reassessment. The interpretation of 3D seismic data brings out the structural features which are in sharp contrast to the earlier subsurface picture. Three sets of fault are mapped which have divided the main Burgan structure into seven different blocks. Four, out of these seven bloks were tested by earlier wells leaving other three blocks as totally untested and unexplored. Two sections in Middle Marrat are found to be hydrocarbon bearing. The upper section was tested in five out of six wells drilled earlier, but no Oil Water Contact (OWC) could be inferred. A re-look at the reservoir engineering data in couple with petrophysics and structural synthesis helps to infer three probable OWCs. The lower section, approximately 250 ft below the deepest inferred OWC in the lower part of Middle Marrat, was tested in one well and found oil bearing. The present study shows that the earlier wells were not placed at the optium places with respect to the structural configuration and as a result the potential of the reservoir of Jurassic section could not be ascertained properly from previous exploratory efforts. The hydrocarbon bearing zones of Middle Marrat have been identified from Sequence Stratigraphic analysis as a part of Highstand Systems Tract that continues laterally towards north in the Magwa field. The present study has enhanced the prospectivity of the Jurassic sediment in the area pointing out the necessity of re-assessment of hydrocarbon prospect for partially explored areas by continuous revision incorporating the latest data sets, experiences, concepts and technological advancements.
Tomography Powered 3-Phase Flowmetering in the Wet Gas Regime
Authors: Wee Arnstein , Skjaeldal Ingve Morten , Streeton Richard 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Multiphase meters were initially developed by several companies during the 1990's and thus far, operators have gained about 10 - 15 years of experience in using them. However, results during this period have been mixed, and many operators, having trialed and tested all technologies began to express concerns in the reliability, accuracy and sensitivity of conventional technologies [1]. A particular concern was the accuracy of multiphase metering in the wetgas regime.
The particular case where the gas fraction (GVF) of a multiphase stream is above 92–95% is denoted wetgas. The vast majority of gas producers contain small volumes of hydrocarbon liquid and water and wetgas metering thus represents a growing interest for operators. Even in cases where the reservoir only produces gases, liquid condensation will usually occur in the flow lines with falling temperature and pressure -causing wetgas conditions at the metering location.
The benefits of accurate and reliable wetgas metering systems are many and varied:- Allocation in multi-well/multi-operator applications- Saline water detection and measurement- Real time reservoir monitoring, and well testing- Flow assurance and production optimisation- Installation simplification in challenging developments with multi-well and subsea tie-back configurations- E-field solutions
A few two-phase wetgas meters are commercially available in the market today, being able to discriminate between gas and liquid or between hydrocarbons and water. The MPM meter is, as far as we know, the only multiphase meter that is capable of independently measuring all three phases in addition to the salt content in a wetgas stream.
This paper gives an overview of the MPM technology, describes the extensive qualification program that was undertaken to prove the technology and provides test data to demonstrate the superior performance of the meter at high GVF conditions - particularly in relation to highly accurate water flowrate measurements.
Production Optimization of Multi-Lateral Wells Using Passive Inflow Control Devices
Authors: Hembling Drew E. , Simonian Sam , Salerno Giovanni , Berberian Garo , Al-Mumen Adib Abdulmohsen 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Passive ICDs (Inflow Control Devices) are being used to enhance performance of horizontal wells in unfavorable environments such as non-uniform permeability and/or pressure variations along horizontal sections. This is the first ever attempt, to the best of our knowledge, at using ICDs to manage inflow from two laterals connected to a motherbore. Furthermore, this well is a 3 7/8" openhole multi-lateral with a 2 7/8" ICD completion.
This paper presents how passive ICD completion technology is used to optimize well productivity in a multi-lateral well. This carbonate well was sidetracked to increase reservoir contact and create the required multi-lateral. Subsequently, the ICDs were run, and to confirm the inflow profile along the length of the of the ICD completion, a PLT survey was conducted. The actual rate and inflow profile compared favorably with the predictions as per design of the ICD completion. This paper will show the well design, the actual PLT vs modeled results, and discuses future utilizations for this technology.
The key factor in the success of this project was the use of the 2-7/8" ultra-slim ICD completion, which was optimized based on numerous wellbore hydraulic simulations, to determine the appropriate number of ICD units and compartments to balance the required off-take from each lateral, and from individual compartments in the motherbore section.

Introduction
Horizontal multi-lateral wells have been used globally to enhance reservoir contact and ultimately improve well performance1. Variations in permeability, reservoir pressure, reservoir fluid properties, and frictional pressure drop along horizontal sections, can create non-uniform inflow profiles, which can lead to early breakthrough of water or gas in reservoirs with an aquifer and/or gas cap. Breakthrough typically occurs in regions of high permeability or at the heel of the lateral section in homogenous reservoirs. This ultimately leads to a reduction in reserve recovery and well performance.
The use of ICD completions to effectively manage non-uniform inflow profiles has been described in past publications2. In this completion, ICD's were used to control the inflow from two laterals and along the motherbore.

Background
The subject well was originally drilled and completed as an open hole vertical oil producer in 1966. By 1977, the well had developed a casing leak and consequently, a 4½" liner was run to isolate the leak. Initially, the well produced 5 MSTBD dry oil. Water production began in 1998 and it reached 50% water cut by the end of 2007; consequently, the well was plugged back to within 20 feet from the top of the reservoir to minimize water production; however, it was with limited success. Due to continued water production, the well was worked over in 2008 and converted to a tri-lateral well with 3-7/8" short radius horizontal laterals to acess the top 20 ft of the reservoir allowing continued recovery of dry oil.
Prediction of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in women undergoing in vitro fertilization
Authors: KAHNBERG ANNIKA , ENSKOG ANDERS , BRÄNNSTRÖM MATS , LUNDIN KERSTI , BERGH CHRISTINA 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a severe side effect of in vitro fertilization (IVF). The aim of this study was to identify independent predictors which could be used to identify IVF patients at risk for OHSS. Design. A prospective observational study. Setting: University hospital. Population. Six hundred and twenty‐four consecutive patients treated with conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Methods. Observational clinical data were compared. Main outcome measures. Patients who developed OHSS were compared with patients who did not develop OHSS using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results. Twenty‐eight patients developed OHSS considered as severe and requiring hospitalization. Independent predictors of OHSS were number of follicles at oocyte aspiration, number of aspirated oocytes and total number of medium/large‐sized follicles before hCG. When these variables were combined in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve they showed a sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 90% for OHSS. The only independent predictor of OHSS before the ovulatory dose of hCG was total number of medium/large‐sized follicles before hCG. A corresponding ROC found a sensitivity of 82.1% and specificity of 79.4%. Conclusion. Prediction of OHSS that is of severity requiring hospitalization can be done with reasonable high sensitivity and specificity both before and after the ovulatory dose of hCG.
The effect of hysterectomy or levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system on lower abdominal pain and back pain among women treated for menorrhagia: a five‐year randomized controlled trial
Authors: HELIÖVAARA‐PEIPPO SATU , HALMESMÄKI KAROLIINA , HURSKAINEN RITVA , TEPERI JUHA , GRENMAN SEIJA , KIVELÄ AARRE , KUJANSUU ERKKI , TUPPURAINEN MARJO , VUORMA SIRKKU , YLISKOSKI MERJA , PAAVONEN JORMA 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in lower abdominal pain and back pain among women with menorrhagia treated by hysterectomy or levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS). Design. A randomized controlled trial. Setting. Five university hospitals in Finland. Sample. A total of 236 women, aged 35–49 years. Methods. Women were randomly assigned to treatment by hysterectomy (n = 117) or LNG‐IUS (n = 119). Main outcome measures. Frequency and intensity of lower abdominal pain and back pain were evaluated by questionnaires at baseline and after 6 months, 12 months and 5 years. Results. By six months, women in both groups had less frequent back pain than before treatment (p < 0.001). Lower abdominal pain decreased only in the hysterectomy group (p = 0.02) with significant differences between the groups. Between 12 months and 5 years, frequency of lower abdominal pain (p = 0.05) and back pain (p = 0.002) decreased more in the LNG‐IUS group than in the hysterectomy group. Between baseline and five years, the lower abdominal pain score (including frequency and intensity of pain) decreased in both groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.01). Back pain score decreased only in the LNG‐IUS group and the difference between the groups was significant (p = 0.02). However, some women experienced more pain after both treatments than before treatment. In multivariate analyses, LNG‐IUS use was associated with a decrease in lower abdominal pain and back pain. Conclusions. In the treatment of menorrhagia, both hysterectomy and LNG‐IUS decrease lower abdominal pain. LNG‐IUS use, but not hysterectomy, has beneficial effects on back pain.
Costs and health‐related quality of life effects of hysterectomy in patients with benign uterine disorders
Authors: TAIPALE KAISA , LEMINEN ARTO , RÄSÄNEN PIRJO , HEIKKILÄ ANNE , TAPPER ANNA‐MAIJA , SINTONEN HARRI , ROINE RISTO P. ,   The HUS QoL Study Group
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective. To gain knowledge about the utility of hysterectomy in a real‐world setting and to relate the utility of the intervention to its costs. Design. Prospective observational study. Setting. University referral hospital in Helsinki. Population. A total of 337 women entering for routine hysterectomy due to a benign disease (210 benign uterine or ovarian cause, 20 endometriosis, 51 uterovaginal prolapse, 56 menorrhagia). Methods. Patients filled in the 15D health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire before and six months after the operation. Costs were examined from the perspective of secondary care provider. Benefits of surgery were extrapolated till the end of remaining statistical life expectancy of each woman in the prolapse group and until menopause in the other groups. Main outcome measures. HRQoL and cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Results. Mean [standard deviation (SD)] HRQoL score (on a 0–1 scale) in the whole group improved from the preoperative of 0.905 (0.073) to 0.925 (0.077) six months after the operation (p < 0.001). The largest mean (SD) improvement was seen in patients with endometriosis [0.048 (0.067)] followed by those with menorrhagia [0.024 (0.054)], benign uterine or ovarian cause [0.018 (0.071)], and prolapse [0.017 (0.055)]. In the whole group, the intervention produced a mean (SD) of 0.222 (1.270) QALYs at mean (SD) direct hospital cost of €3,138 (2,098). Consequently, the cost per QALY gained in the whole group was €14,135 varying from €3,720 to 31,570 in the disease groups. Conclusions. The cost per QALY gained for hysterectomy for benign uterine disorders is strongly dependent on the indication for surgery.
Use and abuse of oxytocin for augmentation of labor
Authors: SELIN LOTTA , ALMSTRÖM ELISABETH , WALLIN GUNNAR , BERG MARIE 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective. To investigate the use of oxytocin for augmentation of labor and its relation to labor progress and delivery outcome. Design and setting. A retrospective observational study undertaken in a Swedish hospital during 2000–2001. Sample. Singleton pregnancies at ≥ 37 weeks of gestation with cephalic presentation and spontaneous onset of labor. Methods. Data were collected from 1,263 clinical records. The partogram was used to diagnose labor dystocia (LD). Main outcome measures. Prevalence of oxytocin administration, LD and operative delivery. Results. Oxytocin was administered to 55% of the women (75% of primiparas and 38.1% of multiparas); a majority did not meet LD criteria. LD frequency was 19.8% (32.7% in primiparas and 7.4% in multiparas). Oxytocin was started both ‘too early’ and ‘too late’ in relation to the diagnosis of LD. Cesarean section (CS) was performed on 17.1% of primiparous and 2.4% of multiparous oxytocin recipients with LD, compared to 2.3 and 1.5%, respectively, of oxytocin recipients without diagnosed LD. Conclusions. Oxytocin augmentation was undertaken in an unstructured manner; some women were inadequately treated and others were treated unnecessarily. Oxytocin recipients with LD underwent operative delivery to a higher extent than oxytocin recipients without LD, suggesting that the main reason for CS was the underlying problem of LD rather than the oxytocin augmentation itself.
Influence of the maternal birth status on offspring: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: SHAH PRAKESH S , SHAH VIBHUTI ,   on behalf of Knowledge Synthesis Group on Determinants of Preterm/LBW births
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. Maternal low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB) and small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) birth status have been suggested as precursors for an infant being born LBW, PTB or SGA. Objective. To systematically review the risks of infant LBW/PTB/SGA among mothers who were LBW/PTB/SGA. Search strategy. Medline, Embase, CINAHL and bibliographies of identified articles were searched for English language studies. Selection criteria. Studies reporting association between maternal birth status and LBW, PTB or SGA outcomes were included. Study quality was assessed for biases in selection, exposure assessment, confounder adjustment, analyses, outcomes assessment and attrition. Data collection and analysis. Unadjusted data from included studies were extracted by two reviewers. Summary odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random effect model. Main results. Twenty‐two studies of low to moderate risk of biases were included. Maternal LBW was associated with infant LBW (12 studies, 525,706 participants, OR 2.23, 95% CI 2.11–2.35), PTB (six studies, 331,121 participants, OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.43–1.71) and SGA (three studies, 324,357 participants, OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.43–2.33). Maternal PTB was associated with infant PTB (seven studies, 282,616 participants, OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.26–1.59) and SGA (three studies, 41,590 participants, OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.08–1.64). Maternal SGA was associated with infant PTB (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.06–2.37) and SGA (OR 2.64, 95% CI 2.28–3.05). Conclusions. Maternal LBW, PTB or SGA status was associated with their children's LBW/PTB/SGA status. Maternal birth status should be included in risk assessment when planning pregnancy care for individual women.
Seasonal Diversity and Population Status of Waterbirds in Phewa Lake, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Giri Bikash , Chalise Mukesh Kumar 
Published: December 2009

The study (2007-08) was carried out in Phewa Lake which is one of the largest lake systems in Nepal to evaluate seasonal diversity and population status of waterbirds. A total of 39 waterbird species belonging to 17 families of 5 orders was recorded. The highest number of species (31 species) was found in December and January. Winter was the most diverged season in terms of number of species (35 species) and summer and autumn by 17 species. January had the highest (1584) and September the lowest (345) waterbird population. Out of 39 species, 15 species were winter visitors, 10 resident, and 4 rare winter visitor. The highest diversity ( H =2.6228) was found in February and lowest ( H =1.2014) in June. The value of evenness (Jacob's coefficient) was higher (0.8485) in February and lowest (0.4555) in June. During June, 69.92% (616 individuals) of the total population (881) constituted only Cattle Egret. The dominancy was found highest (C=0.5058) in June and lowest (C=0.1020) in February. The bird communities of summer and autumn were more similar (S=0.7059) than the summer and winter (S=0.5). The fluctuation in number of individuals of bird species was found unrelated to seasons (months) (F=1.71, df = 8, 342, P ≤ 0.05). The species richness was found different in different seasons (months) (Χ2=29.34, df = 8, P ≤ 0.05). Detail study of bird diversity and population status with periodic monitoring in Phewa Lake is recommended for their conservation and management as a whole. Key Words: Phewa lake, wetland, waterbirds, diversity, population DOI: 10.3126/jowe.v1i1.1568 Journal of Wetlands Ecology Vol.1(1/2) 2008, p.3-7
Livelihood Option from Minor Forest Produce: Context of Non Timber Forest Product and Poverty Reduction in Mid Hills of Nepal
Authors: Acharya Ganesh Raj , Koirala Pashupati Nath , Neupane Laxman , Devkota Suvas Chandra 
Published: December 2009

The paper recognizes Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) as contributing factor for improving livelihoods of the rural people. Existing trend of NTFPs in Rolpa district reveals high level of its potential where a single Malagiri tree in the one of the VDC of the district has yielded profit of 15, 000 NRs. in gross. The study supports idea that the quality of life can be secured through the promotion of NTFP as an additional crop for safety net. Major outlet clusters for NTFP trade and marketing of the Rolpa district are Sulichaur and Holeri regions where mostly NTFP species were found to be traded. Malagiri, Timur, Ritha and Allo are major local species that have a high level of demand in the market. As a result, people have started cultivating a few species in their farmland too. Lack of knowledge and skill in the production of standard commodity has compelled district people towards traditional NTFP farming approach where they are not reaping optimum benefit. Realizing the potential of NTFPs in the district, it is important to consider modernizing the processing of raw material, development of transportation network and undertake facility for the producers. Such intervention could be a major breakthrough in the poverty reduction of the district and securing quality of life. Key words: NTFP, Livelihood, Community, MarketingDOI: 10.3126/jowe.v2i1.1858 Journal of Wetlands Ecology, (2009) vol. 2, pp 57-66