bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mates and Marriage Matter: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Subjective Wellbeing Across Marital Status
Authors: Nes Ragnhild B. , Røysamb Espen , Harris Jennifer R. , Czajkowski Nikolai , Tambs Kristian 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSpecific environments and social relationships may alter the impact of genes. Previous studies have shown marriage to moderate heritability for depressive symptoms in females, suggesting that marriage provides protection or compensation against genetic risks. Similar mechanisms may be relevant for subjective wellbeing (SWB), which is considerably influenced by genes and almost universally associated with marital status. Questionnaire data on SWB from a population-based sample of 1250 monozygotic (MZ) and 981 dizygotic (DZ) male and female twin pairs (n= 4462) were analyzed using structural equation modeling by means of Mx to investigate genetic and environmental influences on SWB across marital status. Resemblance for SWB in MZ twins exceeded that of DZ twins, but the magnitude of this difference varied across marital status. Genetic factors explained 51% and 54% of the variance in SWB among unmarried males and females, and 41% and 39% in married or cohabitating respondents. Remaining variance was attributable to the nonshared environment. The genetic influences were partly different (rg= 0.64) across marital status in females, but overlapping in married and single males. Our findings show that marriage moderates the magnitude of genetic influences on SWB in both males and females, with a smaller estimate of genetic influences for those with a marital or equivalent partner. The genetic influences on SWB are thus clearly contingent on the environmental context.
Major Depression and the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Foley Debra L. , Morley Katherine I. , Madden Pamela A. F. , Heath Andrew C. , Whitfield John B. , Martin Nicholas G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study is to characterize the relationship between major depression and the metabolic syndrome in a large community based sample of Australian men and women aged 26–90 years. A lifetime history of major depression was assessed by telephone interview following the DSM–III-R. A current history of metabolic syndrome was assessed following the United States National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP AP-III) guidelines 1 to 3 years later. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between depression and the metabolic syndrome, and its component criteria, controlling for age, sex and alcohol dependence. There was no association between a lifetime history of major depression and the presence of the metabolic syndrome. There was a weak association between depression and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not with other component criteria of the metabolic syndrome. Despite calls for interventions directed at depression to reduce the onset of the metabolic syndrome there are important failures to replicate in large samples such as this, no consensus regarding the threshold at which depression may pose a significant risk even allowing for heterogeneity across populations, and no consensus regarding confounders that may explain inter-study differences. The absence of any dosage effect of depression on the associated risk for the metabolic syndrome in other unselected samples does not support a direct causal relationship. The call for intervention studies on the basis of the currently published evidence base is unwarranted.
Sexual Behaviour of Women With Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Stammler-Safar Maria , Ott Johannes , Weber Stefanie , Krampl Elisabeth 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIt has been assumed that sexual activity during pregnancy would lead to an increased risk for miscarriage and other complications of pregnancy. Various studies showed no association of sexual behavior and pregnancy complications in single pregnancies. The aim of our study was to evaluate changes in sexual activity in women with twin pregnancies and whether a higher frequency of sexual intercourse was associated with an increased risk for pregnancy complications. We report on 50 women with twin pregnancies who answered a questionnaire on sexual behavior during pregnancy. At the time of delivery, patients were aged 31.0 ± 4.8 years. All women reported to have had sexual intercourse during pregnancy. In contrast to the first trimester in the vast majority of patients (41/50, 82.0%) the coital frequency decreased in the last month of pregnancy. Patients who had become pregnant after in-vitro fertilization were significantly less likely to have regular sexual intercourse than patients after spontaneous conception during early pregnancy (p= .002). No statistical significances were found when the rates of preterm delivery before the 37th gestational week were compared to the frequencies of sexual intercourse during early pregnancy and during late pregnancy (p>.05). In conclusion, our study demonstrates a decrease in frequency of sexual intercourse from early to late pregnancy in the specific collective of women with twin pregnancies, especially in women after in-vitro fertilization. There was no association between sexual activity and preterm delivery.
Staphylococcus Coagulase-Positive Skin Inflammation Associated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Targeted Therapy: An Early and a Late Phase of Papulopustular Eruptions
Authors: Amitay-Laish Iris , David Michael , Stemmer Salomon M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Objective.
Cutaneous eruptions, mainly papulopustular, are the most common associated side effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs).
This study investigated the possible role of bacterial infection in EGFRI-induced eruptions and its relation to clinical morphology.

Patients and Methods.
The study group consisted of all 29 patients referred for dermatologic evaluation of side effects of cetuximab or erlotinib from March 2008 to November 2009. Specimens were taken for bacterial culture from pustules in patients with grade &gt;1 papulopustular rash and from periungual secretions in patients with paronychia.

Results.
Twenty-four of 29 patients had a papulopustular reaction; five of 29 had paronychia/xerosis. Of the papulopustular eruption patients, time to rash appearance yielded two distinct groups: early-phase, median 8 days after drug initiation, located mainly on the face (n = 17) and late-phase, median ∼200 days after drug initiation, located mainly on the trunk (n = 7). Bacterial culture grew Staphylococcus aureus (SA) in seven of 13 early-phase patients tested and in all late-phase patients. Treatment consisted of topical steroids with or without topical/systemic antibiotics. All patients had a clear improvement in their cutaneous symptoms within a few days. Dose reduction or temporary discontinuation of the EGFRI was necessary in only four of 29 patients.

Conclusions.
As described in the literature, EGFRI-induced papulopustular eruption may appear early and probably is an inflammatory process with or without SA secondary infection. The papulopustular eruption may also appear as a late phase, described here for the first time, which is an infectious process with all patients being SA+.
The &gt;50% overall incidence of SA infection in our study highlights the need for routine bacterial cultures from EGFRI-induced eruption.
General Assistance Recipients and Welfare‐To‐Work Programs: Evidence from New York City
Authors: Ifcher John 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGeneral Assistance (GA) programs are virtually unstudied. Yet, GA programs serve an economically vulnerable, non‐trivial population that should be of interest. To begin to address this shortcoming, two welfare‐to‐work programs, in which GA recipients participated, are studied. Using a quasi‐experimental approach, the effect of each program on welfare use and employment is estimated. The results indicate that each program significantly increased welfare exits and that the second program significantly increased employment (employment data was unavailable for the first program).
Does Low Inequality Cause Low Poverty? Evidence from High‐Income and Developing Countries
Authors: Wagle Udaya R 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the role of economic inequality in determining poverty globally. Although the immediate observation from the cross‐national data covering 1980 to 2005 suggests the relationship to be strong and positive for high‐income countries and unpredictable for developing countries, more comprehensive analyses detect it to be consistently positive. While high‐income and developing countries typically apply different poverty measurement methodologies with the former using relative and the latter using absolute poverty thresholds, variations in poverty outcomes go beyond these methodological differences. Rejecting any systematic role of economic growth, especially in cases of developing countries, these findings reaffirm the pivotal role that reduction in inequality can play in effectively curbing poverty, with important implications for redistributive policies.
The People, the Economy, and the Issues: A Participant Reports on National “Town Hall” Meetings on the Deficit
Authors: Skidmore Max J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOn June 26, 2010, the organization “AmericaSpeaks” sponsored “town hall meetings” in various cities around the United States, built around the theme “Our Budget, Our Economy.” The sessions purported to aim at determining the degree of support from citizens for various ways to reduce the country's budget deficit. Editor Max J. Skidmore applied to attend one of these meetings, and was accepted. He reports on his experiences as a participant, and also examines the validity of the overall activity, one that its organizers describe as an objective effort to assess public opinion. He concludes that such efforts are no substitute for scientific polling, that they are more effective as public relations exercises than opinion assessment, and that activities such as “Our Budget, Our Economy,” if effective, could potentially affect poverty adversely.
A Tale of Three Commissions: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Authors: Kingson Eric R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEric Kingson was an advisor to the 1982 National Commission on Social Security Reform and to the 1994 Bipartisan Commission on Entitlements and Tax Reform. Drawing on the experience of 1982 (the “Good”) and 1994 (the “Bad”) commissions, he concludes that the fast‐track debt commission as proposed by Senators Kent Conrad and Judd Gregg would result in an unprecedented and deleterious approach to Social Security policy‐making. The structure and functioning of the 1994 commission provides insight into likely goals and functioning of the Conrad‐Gregg Commission, a commission Kingson suggests would be akin to the 1994 entitlement commission “on steroids.” Noting the disregard for traditional congressional processes and the mischaracterization of Social Security as part of a unified “entitlements” problem, Kingson concludes that Senator Max Baucus is not exaggerating when he warned on the Senate floor that “Senators Conrad and Gregg have painted a big red target on Social Security and Medicare. That's what this commission is all about.”
Effect of colostral volume, interval between calving and first milking, and photoperiod on colostral IgG concentrations in dairy cows
Authors: Morin Dawn E. , Nelson Stephanie V. , Reid Eric D. , Nagy Dusty W. , Dahl Geoffrey E. , Constable Peter D. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Objective—To identify cow and management factors associated with colostral IgG concentration in dairy cows.
Design—Prospective observational study.
Animals—81 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows from a single herd.
Procedures—Serum was obtained at the start of the nonlactating period, and cows were assigned to 1 of 4 photoperiod groups: natural day length (n = 22 cows), long days (16 h of light/d [21]) or short days (8 h of light/d [20]) for the entire nonlactating period, or natural day length followed by short days for the last 21 days of the nonlactating period (18). Serum and colostrum were collected at the first milking after calving. Regression analysis was used to investigate associations between colostral IgG concentration and the interval between calving and first milking, colostral volume, photoperiod, length of the nonlactating period, and season of calving.
Results—Colostral IgG concentration decreased by 3.7% during each subsequent hour after calving because of postparturient secretion by the mammary glands. The interval between calving and first milking and the colostral volume were significantly and negatively associated with colostral IgG concentration, with the former effect predominating. Photoperiod had no effect on colostral IgG concentration or volume. Serum protein concentration at calving correlated poorly with colostral IgG concentration.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dairy producers should harvest colostrum as soon as possible after calving to optimize transfer of passive immunity in neonatal calves. Photoperiod can be manipulated without adversely affecting colostral IgG concentration.
The molecular cloning of glial fibrillary acidic protein in Gekko japonicus and its expression changes after spinal cord transection
Authors: Gao Dehong , Wang Yongjun , Liu Yan , Ding Fei , Gu Xiaosong , Li Zhengli 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an astrocyte-specific member of the class III intermediate filament proteins. It is generally used as a specific marker of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). We isolated a GFAP cDNA from the brain and spinal cord cDNA library of Gekko japonicus, and prepared polyclonal antibodies against gecko GFAP to provide useful tools for further immunochemistry studies. Both the real-time quantitative PCR and western blot results revealed that the expression of GFAP in the spinal cord after transection increased, reaching its maximum level after 3 days, and then gradually decreased over the rest of the 2 weeks of the experiment. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that the increase in GFAP-positive labeling was restricted to the white matter rather than the gray matter. In particular, a slight increase in the number of GFAP positive star-shaped astrocytes was detected in the ventral and lateral regions of the white matter. Our results indicate that reactive astrogliosis in the gecko spinal cord took place primarily in the white matter during a short time interval, suggesting that the specific astrogliosis evaluated by GFAP expression might be advantageous in spinal cord regeneration.
Can We Enhance Durable Resistance Against Plasmopara Halstedii (Sunflower Downy Mildew)?
Authors: Sakr Nachaat 
Published: August 2010

Can We Enhance Durable Resistance AgainstPlasmopara Halstedii(Sunflower Downy Mildew)?Sunflower downy mildew caused byPlasmopara halstediiis one of the most potentially important diseases. So far, a complete, major gene resistance (Pl) has been used successfully, but with the appearance of eight races in France since 2000, research on more durable resistance was undertaken. In this study, we present new results concerning the evolution of pathogenicity ofP. halstediiunder conditions of re-enforced infection and differentPlgene selection pressures. Moreover, we imagine the evolution of virulence and aggressiveness ofP. halstediiunder a mixture model of sunflower inbred lines carrying the two types of resistance which may enhance durable resistance against it. Examples of host-parasite interactions including the influence of plant mixture models against pathogens are equally presented to understand how the pathogen develops its pathogenicicity.
Efficacy of Some Bioinsecticides Against Bruchidius Incarnatus (Boh.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Infestation During Storage
Authors: Sabbour Magda , E-Abd-El-Aziz Shadia 
Published: August 2010

Efficacy of Some Bioinsecticides AgainstBruchidius Incarnatus(Boh.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Infestation During StoragePotential activities of three essential oils (cumin, clove and mustard) and of microbial agents (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Nomuraea rileyi, Lecanicillium (Verticillium) lecaniiand their combinations againstBruchidius incarnatus(Boh.) were evaluated. In choice test, mustard and clove oils revealed a strong repellent activity after 7 days (89% and 71%, respectively) againstB. incarnatusbeetles. Cumin oil showed the lowest repellency (47%). Accumulative mortality of beetles increased gradually with the increase of exposure intervals. Mustard oil treatment gave the highest mortality percentage of 76% after 168 h from treatment followed by clove treatment which amounted to 63% and the lowest percentage of 42.8% was recorded in case of cumin oil. Mustard oil was the most effective in enhancing the potency ofP. fumosoroseusandN. rileyiand decreased LC50of the target insect (100 and 102×107, respectively). The persistent effect of formulated mustard oil with eitherP. fumosoroseusorN. rileyifungi on foam covering gunny bags displayed several different modes of action, by reducing oviposition and adult emergence (F1) ofB. incarnatus.The oviposition was completely inhibited when stored broad bean seeds were treated with mustard oil +P. fumosoroseusduring 20, 40 and 60 days of storage. Application of mustard oil combined withP. fumosoroseuson foam covering gunny bags provided promising oviposition deterrency, toxicity and suppressingB. incarnatusinfestation, persistence and protecting broad bean seeds from beetles' infestation for 120 days during storage.
Neisseria lactamicaSelectively Induces Mitogenic Proliferation of the Naive B Cell Pool via Cell Surface Ig
Authors: Vaughan Andrew T. , Brackenbury Louise S. , Massari Paola , Davenport Victoria , Gorringe Andrew , Heyderman Robert S. , Williams Neil A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNeisseria lactamica is a commensal bacteria that colonizes the human upper respiratory tract mucosa during early childhood. In contrast to the closely related opportunistic pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, there is an absence of adaptive cell-mediated immunity to N. lactamica during the peak age of carriage. Instead, outer membrane vesicles derived from N. lactamica mediate a B cell-dependent proliferative response in mucosal mononuclear cells that is associated with the production of polyclonal IgM. We demonstrate in this study that this is a mitogenic human B cell response that occurs independently of T cell help and any other accessory cell population. The ability to drive B cell proliferation is a highly conserved property and is present in N. lactamica strains derived from diverse clonal complexes. CFSE staining of purified human tonsillar B cells demonstrated that naive IgD+ and CD27− B cells are selectively induced to proliferate by outer membrane vesicles, including the innate CD5+ subset. Neither purified lipooligosaccharide nor PorB from N. lactamica is likely to be responsible for this activity. Prior treatment of B cells with pronase to remove cell-surface Ig or treatment with BCR-specific Abs abrogated the proliferative response to N. lactamica outer membrane vesicles, suggesting that this mitogenic response is dependent upon the BCR.
A Complementary Role for the Tetraspanins CD37 and Tssc6 in Cellular Immunity
Authors: Gartlan Kate H. , Belz Gabrielle T. , Tarrant Jacqueline M. , Minigo Gabriela , Katsara Maria , Sheng Kuo-Ching , Sofi Mariam , van Spriel Annemiek B. , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Plebanski Magdalena , Robb Lorraine , Wright Mark D. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The cooperative nature of tetraspanin–tetraspanin interactions in membrane organization suggests functional overlap is likely to be important in tetraspanin biology. Previous functional studies of the tetraspanins CD37 and Tssc6 in the immune system found that both CD37 and Tssc6 regulate T cell proliferative responses in vitro. CD37−/− mice also displayed a hyper-stimulatory dendritic cell phenotype and dysregulated humoral responses. In this study, we characterize “double knockout” mice (CD37−/−Tssc6−/−) generated to investigate functional overlap between these tetraspanins. Strong evidence for a cooperative role for these two proteins was identified in cellular immunity, where both in vitro T cell proliferative responses and dendritic cell stimulation capacity are significantly exaggerated in CD37−/−Tssc6−/− mice when compared with single knockout counterparts. Despite these exaggerated cellular responses in vitro, CD37−/−Tssc6−/− mice are not more susceptible to autoimmune induction. However, in vivo responses to pathogens appear poor in CD37−/−Tssc6−/− mice, which showed a reduced ability to produce influenza-specific T cells and displayed a rapid onset hyper-parasitemia when infected with Plasmodium yoelii. Therefore, in the absence of both CD37 and Tssc6, immune function is further altered when compared with CD37−/− or Tssc6−/− mice, demonstrating a complementary role for these two molecules in cellular immunity.
Position-Dependent Silencing of Germline Vβ Segments on TCRβ Alleles Containing Preassembled VβDJβCβ1 Genes
Authors: Brady Brenna L. , Oropallo Michael A. , Yang-Iott Katherine S. , Serwold Thomas , Hochedlinger Konrad , Jaenisch Rudolf , Weissman Irving L. , Bassing Craig H. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The genomic organization of TCRβ loci enables Vβ-to-DJβ2 rearrangements on alleles with assembled VβDJβCβ1 genes, which could have deleterious physiologic consequences. To determine whether such Vβ rearrangements occur and, if so, how they might be regulated, we analyzed mice with TCRβ alleles containing preassembled functional VβDJβCβ1 genes. Vβ10 segments were transcribed, rearranged, and expressed in thymocytes when located immediately upstream of a Vβ1DJβCβ1 gene, but not on alleles with a Vβ14DJβCβ1 gene. Germline Vβ10 transcription was silenced in mature αβ T cells. This allele-dependent and developmental stage-specific silencing of Vβ10 correlated with increased CpG methylation and decreased histone acetylation over the Vβ10 promoter and coding region. Transcription, rearrangement, and expression of the Vβ4 and Vβ16 segments located upstream of Vβ10 were silenced on alleles containing either VβDJβCβ1 gene; sequences within Vβ4, Vβ16, and the Vβ4/Vβ16-Vβ10 intergenic region exhibited constitutive high CpG methylation and low histone acetylation. Collectively, our data indicate that the position of Vβ segments relative to assembled VβDJβCβ1 genes influences their rearrangement and suggest that DNA sequences between Vβ segments may form boundaries between active and inactive Vβ chromatin domains upstream of VβDJβCβ genes.