bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sodium‐dependent di‐ and tricarboxylate transporter, NaCT, is not responsible for the uptake of D‐, L‐2‐hydroxyglutarate and 3‐hydroxyglutarate into neurons
Authors: Brauburger Katja , Burckhardt Gerhard , Burckhardt Birgitta C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractConcentrations of glutarate (GA) and its derivatives such as 3‐hydroxyglutarate (3OHGA), D‐ (D‐2OHGA) and L‐2‐hydroxyglutarate (L‐2OHGA) are increased in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine of patients suffering from different forms of organic acidurias. It has been proposed that these derivatives cause neuronal damage in these patients, leading to dystonic and dyskinetic movement disorders. We have recently shown that these compounds are eliminated by the kidneys via the human organic anion transporters, OAT1 and OAT4, and the sodium‐dependent dicarboxylate transporter 3, NaDC3. In neurons, where most of the damage occurs, a sodium‐dependent citrate transporter, NaCT, has been identified. Therefore, we investigated the impact of GA derivatives on hNaCT by two‐electrode voltage clamp and tracer uptake studies. None of these compounds induced substrate‐associated currents in hNaCT‐expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes nor did GA derivatives inhibit the uptake of citrate, the prototypical substrate of hNaCT. In contrast, D‐ and L‐2OHGA, but not 3OHGA, showed affinities to NaDC3, indicating that D‐ and L‐2OHGA impair the uptake of dicarboxylates into astrocytes thereby possibly interfering with their feeding of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates to neurons.
Why is Everyone So Anxious?: An Exploration of Stress and Anxiety in Genetic Counseling Graduate Students
Authors: Jungbluth Chelsy , MacFarlane Ian M. , Veach Patricia McCarthy , LeRoy Bonnie S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractStress is an inevitable part of daily life. Studies of graduate student stress exist, but none include genetic counseling students. The present mixed‐methods study investigated 225 genetic counseling students’ stress and anxiety levels using the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger et al. 1983), frequency and intensity of stressors associated with their graduate experience, positive and challenging aspects of their experience, and their stress management advice for prospective students. Principal axis factor analysis yielded five conceptual factors underlying the stressors: Professional Uncertainty, Personal Life Events, Interpersonal Demands, Academic Demands, and Isolating Circumstances. Exploratory model fitting using regression yielded four significant predictors accounting for 19% of the variance in state anxiety: (1) trait anxiety, (2) the Interpersonal Demands factor, (3) the Isolating Circumstances factor, and (4) the interaction between the Professional Uncertainty factor and advanced student status. Content analysis of open‐ended responses identified several themes. For instance, most students enjoyed what they were learning, interactions with colleagues, and affirmation of their career choice, while certain academic and professional challenges were particularly stressful (e.g., workload, time constraints, clinical rotations). Additional findings, program implications, and research recommendations are provided.
Multi‐centre European study of breakthrough cancer pain: Pain characteristics and patient perceptions of current and potential management strategies
Authors: Daviesl Andrew , Zeppetellal Giovambattista , Andersenl Steen , Damkierl Anette , Vejlgaardl Tove , Nauckl Friedemann , Radbruchl Lukas , Sjolundl Karl‐Frederik , Stenbergl Mariann , Buchananl Alison 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study involved 320 cancer patients from four Northern European countries. Patients with breakthrough pain were questioned about the characteristics of their pain, the current management of their pain, and the acceptability/utility of alternative routes of administration.The median number of episodes was 3/day. Forty‐four percent patients reported incident‐type pain, 39% spontaneous‐type pain, and 17% a combination of these pains. The median duration was 60 min, and the median time to peak intensity was 15 min. Three percent patients reported “mild” pain, 37% “moderate” pain, and 60% “severe” pain. Ninety percent patients stated that the pain interfered with their daily activities.All patients were using opioids as rescue medication (mainly oral morphine/oxycodone), whilst 28% patients were using non‐opioids, and 50% patients were using non‐pharmacological interventions. Only 55% patients took rescue medication every time they experienced breakthrough pain.Sixty‐five percent patients would definitely consider using an oral transmucosal product; patients from Denmark were less likely to answer positively, and a positive response was associated with previous use of the route for breakthrough pain. Seventy‐three percent patients reported regular oral problems. Forty‐two percent patients would definitely consider using an intranasal product, with 26% patients stating they would definitely not use such a preparation; patients from Denmark and Sweden were less likely to answer positively, and a positive response was associated with male gender, and previous use of the route. Forty‐four percent patients reported regular nasal problems. Sixty percent patients would definitely consider using a subcutaneous product, and 44% patients would definitely consider using an intrapulmonary product.
Influence of employment status on menopausal symptoms
Authors: Oğurlu Nesrin , Küçük Mert , Aksu Hilmiye 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the variation of climacteric symptoms among working and nonworking postmenopausal Turkish women.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study enrolled a random sample of 132 women (66 employed, 66 not employed). Sociodemographic data were collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire. Menopause symptomatology was assessed using the Climacteric Complaint Tool.ResultsAll women had a similar sociodemographic background. A significantly greater percentage of nonworking women suffered from hot flushes, difficulty in sleeping, headache, irritability, depressive mood, muscle and joint pain, and urinary problems. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the employment status had a significant effect on the experience of climacteric symptoms even after adjustments for education status and income adequacy.ConclusionsThe present study indicates that the employment status might contribute to significant variations in climacteric symptomatology.
Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and hopelessness in women who are victims of sexual violence
Authors: Machado Carolina L. , de Azevedo Renata C.S. , Facuri Claudia O. , Vieira Maria‐José N. , Fernandes Arlete‐Maria S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and hopelessness in women 1 and 6 months after they experienced sexual violence.MethodsThis prospective study, in which the clinician‐administered PTSD scale, the Beck depression inventory, and the Beck hopelessness scale were used, included 67 women at 1 month and 52 women at 6 months after they experienced sexual violence.ResultsOverall, 77.6% of the women were ≤ 24 years of age, and 52% were adolescents; 15% had a history of drug abuse, and 13.5% had a history of previous sexual violence. The aggressor was unknown in 76% of cases, and there was more than 1 aggressor in 9% of cases. In the first month, 43% of the women had moderate or very severe PTSD; 52.2% had moderate or severe depression; and 22.4% had moderate or severe hopelessness, which decreased to 21%, 20% and 10%, respectively, at 6 months. In the first month, severity of PTSD was associated with moderate or severe depression, and at 6 months severity of PTSD was associated with multiple aggressors and previous psychiatric disorders. All scores decreased in the sixth month.ConclusionSevere mental health disorders were still present 6 months after women had experienced sexual violence.
Percutaneous Fixation of Displaced Calcaneal Fract
Authors: Yip-Kan Yeung , Yuen-Fong Ho 
Published: January 2011

Purpose To review the techniques and outcomes of percutaneous fixation, with the modified Essex-Lopresti technique, in isolated, displaced tongue-type calcaneal fractures. Methods This is a retrospective review of 24 patients who received percutaneous calcaneal screw fixation in our hospital, from April 2003 to June 2009. One patient had bilateral fixation performed. All patients had a serial of X-rays of the injured foot, which included anteroposterior, axial, lateral, and Broden's views. Preoperative and postoperative Bohler's and Gissane's angles were measured. The patients’ conditions were continuously assessed in serial follow-ups, and the Maryland Foot Score was used to evaluate the clinical outcome. Results Bohler's and Gissane's angles were fully restored in 13 and 17 out of 25 fractures, respectively. The mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was 4 days. There were no major postoperative complications. Sixteen patients were able to resume their original jobs. The Maryland Foot Score rated 13 out of 25 injured limbs (52%) as excellent, 9 (36%) as good, and 3 (12%) as fair. There were no patients rated as poor. The three patients with fair results complained of pain and stiffness at the subtalar joint. Conclusion Percutaneous fixation of displaced tongue-type calcaneal fractures is an effective treatment with acceptable clinical outcome, short hospital stay, minimal skin complications, and quick recovery.
Mass transfer in garnet ultramafic xenoliths subject to partial melting under hot reduced gas flows
Authors: Sharapov V.N. , Mazurov M.P. , Tomilenko A.A. , Faleev V.A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
We report results of experiments in which samples of ultramafic xenoliths from the Udachnaya-Vostochnaya kimberlite pipe (Siberian craton, Yakutia) were heated, in a flow reactor, by flows of reduced gas at temperatures between 800 °C and 1200 °C. The heating tests were preceded by investigation into the gas composition of main phases. When subjected to heating by the reduced gas flows, the samples of metasomatized lithospheric mantle released reduced fluids and formed partial melts, the composition of the latter being controlled by fusibility of rocks (“readiness” of liquid to segregate). The initial compositions of the partially molten rocks turned out to correlate with those of secondary inclusions in matrix minerals and of most fusible minerals in reaction rims and in metasomatic veins, as inferred from the analysis of vitrified melting products and structure of the heated rocks. The effect of partial melting of matrix minerals was to increase the contents of Al (melting of garnet) and Mg (olivine and orthopyroxene rims) in the melts. The experimental melts are difficult to compare with natural felsic and mafic rocks in average compositions. The bulk compositions of fluids in altered ultramafics disagree with the computed equilibrium compositions according to some correlation relations (CO2 ↔ CO, r+).
Formation conditions of placers in the Tapsa–Kaakhem gold zone (Tuva) and their relation to primary sources
Authors: Prudnikov S.G. , Kononenko N.B. , Petrova L.I. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The formation conditions of placers within the Tapsa–Kaakhem gold zone (Tuva) have been determined, and the relation between primary and placer gold deposits has been studied. Polycyclicity in the valleys of the region resulted in the formation of gold placers of various morphologies with stratified producing reefs in loose sediments differing in composition and age: Oligocene–Lower Pliocene, Eopleistocene–Lower Pleistocene, Middle Pleistocene, and Upper Pleistocene. A complex relation between placers and their primary sources has been established. In general, the macrocomposition of gold in the producing reefs of different ages reflects the composition of gold from the primary sources. From older to younger producing reefs, gold fineness varies more widely, showing a trend toward smaller values. This suggests that undiscovered primary sources belonging to another association exist in the source area. The same is confirmed by a drastic change in the typomorphic features, grain size, and roundedness of gold in the longitudinal section of the Bai-Syut River valley. The peculiarities of gold from placers formed by the rewashing of glacial drift have been established. In the Kopto placer, nuggets are widespread (10 mm), which fully retained the shape inherent to vein gold. Apparently, the nuggets were transported to the placer with glacial drift in quartz gravel, which protected them from rounding. Quartz crumbled completely, and gold became free in situ under frost action. The presence of nuggets in the Kopto placer permits predicting a cluster distribution of gold in the known thin quartz veins.
Gold-bearing arsenopyrite in eastern Kazakhstan gold-sulfide deposits
Authors: Kovalev K.R. , Kalinin Yu.A. , Naumov E.A. , Kolesnikova M.K. , Korolyuk V.N. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
We have revealed early productive disseminated pyrite-arsenopyrite mineralization with invisible gold in tectonic zones and late nest-veinlet gold-polysulfide mineralization with free gold in zones of silicified rocks at the Suzdal’ (Suzdal’skoe), Zherek, and Bol’shevik deposits in eastern Kazakhstan, localized within black shales. Two varieties of arsenopyrite differing in morphology, chemical composition, and gold contents have been established in them: acicular-prismatic and tabular. Gold was determined by a specially elaborated technique ensuring a detection limit of 30 ppm Au. Acicular-prismatic arsenopyrite is the main ore mineral of the early productive stage of mineralization; it has high gold contents (1400–5360 ppm) and a nonstoichiometric composition (S/As = 1.2) and is slightly depleted in Fe. The absence of correlation between the contents of the main arsenopyrite components and gold, and the strongly uneven distribution of gold among the mineral grains, and within a grain point to the presence of invisible gold, as elemental particles deposited together with arsenopyrite. Tabular arsenopyrite is abundant at the Suzdal’ deposit, where gold-polysulfide mineralization and argillization are widespread. It has low gold and high antimony contents and a stoichiometric composition. Visible gold usually grows over tabular arsenopyrite. The isotopic composition of sulfur of acicular-prismatic arsenopyrite and globular-crystalline pyrite, formed at the early mineralization stages, is characterized by δ34S = 0.0 to –3.3‰ and evidences a mantle source of sulfur with a partial borrowing of crustal sulfur. The tabular arsenopyrite and other sulfides of the second productive mineralization show a lighter isotopic composition of sulfur (δ34S = –7.7 to –10.2‰), which is due to sulfur fractionation under high oxygen fugacity at the late ore deposition stage. The coexistence of two sets of arsenopyrite of different morphologic varieties and compositions at the deposit points to a long ore deposition, the coexistence of mineralization formed at different stages, and the evolution of physicochemical parameters.
The Late Quaternary geodynamics of the Hyargas Nuur basin and bordering scarps (western Mongolia)
Authors: Arzhannikov S.G. , Arzhannikova A.V. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The study area covers the central part of the Great Lakes Basin in western Mongolia. A specific feature of the area is abundant evidence of large lakes existed there not long ago. That evidence consists of barrier beaches, terrace complexes, and large sand massifs. Remote sensing and field studies showed active tectonic processes within the Great Lakes Basin. Numerous paleoseismogenic deformations have been revealed along the periphery and in the water area of paleolake Hyargas Nuur, which was six times larger than the lake. The absolute heights of the maximum paleolake phase are 1143 m, which is 115 m higher than the present-day lake level. Tectonic movements led to the elevation of part of the former paleolake water area and barrier beaches to the absolute level of 1175 m. Landslides might have caused tsunami in the paleolake water area.
GPS geodetic constraints on the kinematics of the Amurian Plate
Authors: Ashurkov S.V. , San’kov V.A. , Miroshnichenko A.I. , Lukhnev A.V. , Sorokin A.P. , Serov M.A. , Byzov L.M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractToday, one of the most topical questions in the recent geodynamics of eastern Asia is that concerning the existence of the Amurian Plate and its boundaries. An unambiguous answer is difficult to obtain because seismicity is relatively rare and weak and the plate boundaries are often geomorphologically unclear. One of the methods that can help is satellite geodesy. In the present study, the velocity field of recent horizontal crustal movements was obtained from five repeated GPS observations on the Amur–Zeya geodynamic test ground (Amur Region) in 2001–2007. On this basis, the parameters of the relative rotation of the Eurasian and Amurian plates were calculated. The coordinates of their rotation pole were found to be 122.285° E and 58.950° N, and the angular rotation velocity 0.095 deg/Myr. The resulting kinematic model describes the motion of the Eurasian and Amurian Plates as independent tectonic units. According to statistical analysis, this hypothesis is true at a confidence level of more than 99%. Also, calculations have shown that the eastern boundary of the Amurian Plate passes through a branch of the Tan-Lu fault system. The kinematic model for the Eurasian and Amurian Plates agrees well with data on the kinematics of active faults and the modern tectonic stress field at the plate boundary.
Geology and petroleum potential of Riphean reservoirs in the southwestern Siberian craton
Authors: Valchak V.I. , Evgrafov A.A. , Goryunov N.A. , Babintsev A.F. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
We report CMP reflection profiling data acquired by Eniseigeofizika OJSC in the southwestern Siberian craton. The collected reference and regional profiles of a total length of ~5000 km, run in W–E and N–S directions and traverse all major structural units of the craton. The data were processed to obtain important evidence of the sediment structure as a basis for further exploration. The synthesis of the results allowed mapping the Riphean surface, with sedimentary sequences and basement highs. The thicknesses and deformation patterns of rocks were used to distinguish ten zones which differ in their structure and composition, as well as in the position with respect to major units of the overlying Vendian–Paleozoic sequence. The distinguished zones have been ranked in terms of exploration and licensing priority.
Stoneley attenuation length and pore fluid salinity
Authors: Dorovsky V.N. , Podberezhnyy M.Yu. , Nefedkin Yu.A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The dependence of the Stoneley attenuation length on the concentration and composition of salt in pore fluid observed in experiments may be associated with osmosis. The salinity dependence is relevant to methods in which the permeability of porous formations is estimated from its relationship with the Stoneley attenuation length.
New optically stimulated luminescence ages provide evidence of MIS3 and MIS2 eolian activity on Black Mesa, northeastern Arizona, USA
Authors: Ellwein Amy L. , Mahan Shannon A. , McFadden Leslie D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEolian deposition on the semiarid southern Colorado Plateau has been attributed to episodic aridity during the Quaternary Period. However, OSL ages from three topographically controlled (e.g. falling) dunes on Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona indicate that eolian sediments there were deposited in deep tributary valleys as early as 35–30 ka, with most sand deposited before 20 ka. In contrast, the oldest OSL ages for sand sheets fall within the Pleistocene-Holocene climatic transition (~ 12–8 ka). Thus most eolian sediment accumulated on Black Mesa under climatic conditions that were in general cooler, moister, and more variable than today, not more arid, pointing to a considerable increase in sediment supply.
Consumption of long-chainn-3 PUFA, α-linolenic acid and fish is associated with the prevalence of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Gopinath Bamini , Harris David C. , Flood Victoria M. , Burlutsky George , Mitchell Paul 
Published: January 2011

Due to the anti-inflammatory properties of PUFA, it has been suggested that they may protect against kidney damage in adults. However, relatively few epidemiological studies have examined this hypothesis in human subjects. We investigated the association between dietary intakes of PUFA (n-3,n-6 and α-linolenic acid), fish and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A total of 2600 Blue Mountains Eye Study (1997–9) participants aged ≥ 50 years were analysed. Dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative FFQ, and PUFA and fish intakes were calculated. Baseline biochemistry including serum creatinine was measured. Moderate CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of < 60 ml/min per 1·73 m2. Participants in the highest quartile of long-chainn-3 PUFA intake had a significantly reduced likelihood of having CKD compared with those in the lowest quartile of intake (multivariable-adjusted OR 0·69, 95 % CI 0·49, 0·99). α-Linolenic acid intake was positively associated with CKD (OR, per standard deviation increase in α-linolenic acid, 1·18, 95 % CI 1·05, 1·32). Totaln-3 PUFA or totaln-6 PUFA were not significantly associated with CKD. The highest compared with the lowest quartile of fish consumption was associated with a reduced likelihood of CKD (OR 0·68, 95 % CI 0·48, 0·97;Pfor trend = 0·02). The present study shows that an increased dietary intake of long-chainn-3 PUFA and fish reduces the prevalence of CKD. Hence, a diet rich inn-3 PUFA and fish could have a role in maintaining healthy kidney function, in addition to roles of these nutrients in the prevention and modulation of other diseases.
Effects of carbohydrate sugars and artificial sweeteners on appetite and the secretion of gastrointestinal satiety peptides
Authors: Steinert Robert E. , Frey Florian , Töpfer Antonia , Drewe Jürgen , Beglinger Christoph 
Published: January 2011

In vitro,both carbohydrate sugars and artificial sweeteners (AS) stimulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). It has been suggested that the gut tastes sugars and AS through the same mechanisms as the tongue, with potential effects on gut hormone release. We investigated whether the human gut responds in the same way to AS and carbohydrate sugars, which are perceived by lingual taste as equisweet. We focused on the secretion of gastrointestinal (GI) satiety peptides in relation to appetite perception. We performed a placebo-controlled, double-blind, six-way, cross-over trial including twelve healthy subjects. On separate days, each subject received an intragastric infusion of glucose, fructose or an AS (aspartame, acesulfame K and sucralose) dissolved in 250 ml of water or water only (control). In a second part, four subjects received an intragastric infusion of the non-sweet, non-metabolisable sugar analogue 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Glucose stimulated GLP-1 (P = 0·002) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY;P = 0·046) secretion and reduced fasting plasma ghrelin (P = 0·046), whereas fructose was less effective. Both carbohydrate sugars increased satiety and fullness (albeit not significantly) compared with water. In contrast, equisweet loads of AS did not affect gastrointestinal peptide secretion with minimal effects on appetite. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose increased hunger ratings, however, with no effects on GLP-1, PYY or ghrelin. Our data demonstrate that the secretion of GLP-1, PYY and ghrelin depends on more than the detection of (1) sweetness or (2) the structural analogy to glucose.