bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of patient skin cancer report among organ transplant recipients
Authors: Dybbro Eric , Mihalis Eva , Hirose Ryutaro , Arron Sarah T. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSkin cancer is a common, potentially life‐threatening malignancy in organ transplant recipients (OTR), and it is important for transplant physicians to be aware of patient history of skin cancer. Patient self‐report represents a quick method of obtaining past medical history of skin cancer but no study has validated the self‐report of skin cancer among OTR. Among 339 OTR with a history of skin cancer, the sensitivity and specificity of self‐report of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) were 1.00 and 0.92, with a correct classification rate of 0.92. Breakdown of NMSC into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) resulted in a decrease in correct classification, to 0.83 for SCC and 0.74 for BCC. For SCC, sensitivity was 0.81 and specificity was 0.83, while BCC had a sensitivity of 0.52 and specificity of 0.86. Melanoma self‐report had a sensitivity of 0.90 and specificity of 0.86, with a correct classification rate of 0.90. Overall, OTR have comparable accuracy of self‐report with the general population. Owing to the high prevalence and increased risk of metastatic potential of skin cancer in this population, the ability to distinguish between cancer types is an important consideration in the dermatologic care of OTR.
Is there any way to protect from tacrolimus‐induced renal and pancreas injury?
Authors: Kaynar Kubra , Ersoz Safak , Aliyazicioglu Rezzan , Uzun Aysegul , Ulusoy Sukru , Al Sait , Ozkan Gulsum , Cansız Muammer 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore effects of erythropoietin and pentoxifylline in tacrolimus‐induced pancreatic beta cell and renal injury in rats.MethodsRats in group I were given saline; rats in group II were injected with tacrolimus; rats in group III were received erythropoietin (Epo) and tacrolimus; while rats in group IV were injected pentoxifylline (Ptx) plus tacrolimus for nine d. On 10th day, blood and tissue samples were taken for biochemical and pathological evaluations.ResultsTacrolimus‐injected animals exhibited significant elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum BUN levels were improved in rats pretreated with Ptx. Significantly more apoptotic nuclei were observed in kidneys of tacrolimus group. In rats subjected to tacrolimus and pretreated with Epo, there was significant decrease in apoptotic nuclei staining than those in tacrolimus group. Blood trough levels of tacrolimus were significantly higher in erythropoietin‐pretreated group, although same amount of tacrolimus was injected with other groups.ConclusionResults of our study demonstrated significant antiapoptotic effects of erythropoietin on renal tubules, increasing effect of erythropoietin on tacrolimus blood levels, and insignificant antioxidant effects of both erythropoietin and pentoxifylline on renal and pancreas tissues. Study with clinically greater tacrolimus levels may be useful to confirm these findings.
Defibrotide for the prevention of hepatic veno‐occlusive disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review
Authors: Zhang Lifei , Wang Yebo , Huang He 
Published: March 2012

AbstractProphylactic use of defibrotide (DF) to prevent veno‐occlusive disease (VOD), a relatively common and high‐risk complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), may be an encouraging modality to reduce morbidity and mortality from VOD. However, conclusions remain unclear. We carried out a systematic review to summarize the state of knowledge. One randomized controlled trial (RCT), four cohort studies and eight case series studies were found, including a total of 1230 patients. The overall mean incidence of VOD in patients using DF was 4.7% (95% CI, 3.3–6.1) which was significantly lower than the data 13.7% (95% CI, 13.3–14.1) across 135 studies using no VOD prophylaxis (p < 0.005). The meta‐analysis of the incidence of VOD in controlled trials revealed a statistical reduction in VOD incidence in the DF group (RR = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.31–0.73). The overall mean incidence of severe VOD was 0.8% (95% CI, 0.2–1.4). The RR was 0.31 (95% CI, 0.09–1.06). However, the lack of RCTs and the methodological weaknesses of the studies may preclude making generalizable conclusions. Our review described that DF appears promising for VOD prevention and large RCT is needed for further confirmation.
Ontogenesis of the Reticulum with Special Reference to Neuroendocrine and Glial Cells: A Comparative Analysis of theMerino Sheep andIberian Red Deer
Authors: Franco A. , Masot J. , García A. , Redondo E. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe present study was designed to compare the differences in the ontogenesis of the reticulum in sheep (domestic ruminant) and deer (wild ruminant). A total of 50 embryos and foetusesMerino sheep and 50Iberian deer were used, from the first pre‐natal life until birth. The appearance of the reticulum from the primitive gastric tube was earlier in the sheep (22% gestation, 33 days) than in the deer (25% gestation, 66 days). In both cases, it displayed a primitive epithelium of a stratified, cylindrical, non‐ciliary type. At around 48% gestation in the sheep (72 days) and 36% (97 days) in the deer, the reticulum was configured of four clearly differentiated layers: mucosa (with epithelial layer and lamina propria), submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa. The stratification of the epithelial layer was accompanied by modifications in its structure with the appearance of the primitive reticular ribs. The primary ribs began to be formed first in the deer, at 117 days of pre‐natal life (40% gestation) and later in the sheep (79 days, 53% gestation). The differentiation of the corneum papillae in the primary ribs coincided with the appearance of secondary reticular ribs. These structures began to be formed first in the deer, at 142 days of pre‐natal life (51% gestation) and later in the sheep (83 days, 55% gestation). The presence of neuroendocrine cells (non‐neuronal enolase‐positive cells) in the reticular mucosa was not detected until 97 days (36% gestation) in deer and 81 days (54% gestation) in sheep. The presence of glial cells (GFAP‐positive cells) occurred at around 142 days (51% gestation) in deer and at 112 days (75% gestation) in sheep. In conclusion, the presence of neuroendocrine and glial cells was detected in deer at earlier stages than sheep.
Transient elastography and simple blood markers in the diagnosis of esophageal varices for compensated patients with hepatitis B virus‐related cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Jing‐Houng , Chuah Seng‐Kee , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Hung Chao‐Hung , Chen Chien‐Hung , Kee Kwong‐Ming , Chang Kuo‐Chin , Tai Wei‐Chen , Hu Tsung‐Hui 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Transient elastography (TE) has been useful in esophageal varices (EV) diagnosis for chronic hepatitis C patients. In the present study, we evaluate the usefulness of TE and simple blood markers in the EV diagnosis of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related cirrhosis, prospectively.Methods:  Consecutive patients with compensated cirrhosis and positive HBV surface antigen were enrolled, prospectively. At enrollment, the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR) and the AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) were recorded, and TE was performed. Two experienced endoscopists assessed EV independently. High‐risk EV was defined as small size with a red color sign, and medium or large in size. The diagnostic performances, optimal cut‐offs, and the validities of TE, APRI, platelet count (PLT), and AAR in EV diagnosis were assessed.Results:  A total of 126 patients (male/female: 93/33; mean age: 54.5 years) with reliable TE results were analyzed. There was good agreement between two endoscopists in assessing the presence of EV and high‐risk EV (kappa value: 0.82 and 0.96). Forty‐eight (38.1%) patients had EV (small: 35; high risk: 13). There was correlation between TE result and EV size (r = 0.515, P < 0.001). TE, APRI, and PLT were similar; however, superior to AAR in the diagnostic accuracies for EV and high‐risk EV. In high‐risk EV prediction, the negative predictive value (NPV) was 97%, 98%, and 98%, with cut‐offs of 21 kPa, 1.24, and 110 (× 109/L) for TE, APRI, and PLT, respectively.Conclusions:  For compensated patients with HBV‐related cirrhosis, TE, APRI, and PLT are useful in excluding high‐risk EV with high NPV.
Simultaneous consumption and production of fluorescent dissolved organic matter by lake bacterioplankton
Authors: Guillemette François , del Giorgio Paul A. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryRecent evidence suggests a key role of bacterioplankton in shaping the composition of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool in aquatic systems, not only through consumption but also through production of specific compounds, but the latter process is still not well understood. We used a bioassay approach to assess the patterns in bacterial production and consumption of five fluorescent DOM pools in seven lakes and two streams in Southeastern Québec, Canada, and the links these patterns may have with key aspects of bacterial metabolism, DOM origin and nutrients availability. Total dissolved organic C declined by 3–15% during these incubations, whereas the specific DOM pools had very different dynamics: Two humic‐like fractions accumulated in all incubations, with rates of production increasing as a function of bacterial growth efficiency, which itself increased with phosphorus concentrations. In contrast, two protein‐like fractions and a third humic‐like fraction either increased or declined over the course of the experiments. The net production or consumption of these pools appeared to be a function of the contribution of terrestrial C to bulk DOM (derived from δ13C of the DOM) and of total bacterial activity. Our results suggest that lake bacterioplankton play a dual role in DOM dynamics, as consumers and also producers, and that the interplay between DOM origin and nutrient availability appears to determine the net outcome of bacterial DOM processing, thus influencing the bulk DOM composition and its fate in these aquatic systems.
Impact of comorbidity on complications after nephrectomy: use of the Clavien Classification of Surgical Complications
Authors: Hennus Pauline M.L. , Kroeze Stephanie G.C. , Bosch J.L.H. Ruud , Jans Judith J.M. 
Published: March 2012

Study Type – Retrospective (cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Tumour characteristics, physical status and comorbidities are considered important for surgical outcome and prognosis.The present study objectively evaluates the association between comorbidity and postoperative complications after nephrectomy for RCC, by using the modified Clavien Classification of Surgical Complications to grade complications after nephrectomy.OBJECTIVE
To present a single‐centre experience of open nephrectomy for lesions suspected for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), evaluating the association between comorbidity and postoperative complications using a standardized classification system for postoperative complications.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Clinicopathological data of 198 patients undergoing open radical or partial nephrectomy for lesions suspected of RCC were retrospectively analysed.
Comorbidity scored by the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), body mass index, age, gender, surgical procedure and surgical history were examined as predictive factors for postoperative complications, which were scored using the modified Clavien Classification of Surgical Complications (CCSC).
RESULTS
The overall complication rate was 34%: 7% grade I, 15% grade II, 5% grade III, 3% grade IV and 4% grade V. Preoperative comorbidities were present in 51% of all patients.
There were significantly more major complications (CCSC >2) in patients with major comorbidities (CCI >2), at 16% vs 7% (P= 0.018).
Patients with high‐stage RCC had significantly more severe complications than low‐stage RCC (P= 0.018).
In multivariable analysis, comorbidity (odds ratio [OR] 7.55, P= 0.004) and tumour stage 3–4 (OR 6.23, P= 0.007) were independent predictive factors for major complications.
CONCLUSIONS
Major complications occur significantly more often when major comorbidities are present.
Comorbidity scores can be used in risk stratification for complications and should be considered during decision‐making and counselling of patients before nephrectomy.
Common variants in genes encoding adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and its receptors (ADIPOR1/2), adiponectin concentrations, and diabetes incidence in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Mather K. J. , Christophi C. A. , Jablonski K. A. , Knowler W. C. , Goldberg R. B. , Kahn S. E. , Spector T. , Dastani Z. , Waterworth D. , Richards J. B. , Funahashi T. , Pi‐Sunyer F. X. , Pollin T. I. , Florez J. C. , Franks P. W. ,   for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: March 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, 1579–1588 (2012)AbstractAims  Baseline adiponectin concentrations predict incident Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Diabetes Prevention Program. We tested the hypothesis that common variants in the genes encoding adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and its receptors (ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2) would associate with circulating adiponectin concentrations and/or with diabetes incidence in the Diabetes Prevention Program population.Methods  Seventy‐seven tagging single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADIPOQ (24), ADIPOR1 (22) and ADIPOR2 (31) were genotyped. Associations of SNPs with baseline adiponectin concentrations were evaluated using linear modelling. Associations of SNPs with diabetes incidence were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards modelling.Results  Thirteen of 24 ADIPOQ SNPs were significantly associated with baseline adiponectin concentrations. Multivariable analysis including these 13 SNPs revealed strong independent contributions of rs17366568, rs1648707, rs17373414 and rs1403696 with adiponectin concentrations. However, no ADIPOQ SNPs were directly associated with diabetes incidence. Two ADIPOR1 SNPs (rs1342387 and rs12733285) were associated with ∼18% increased diabetes incidence for carriers of the minor allele without differences across treatment groups, and without any relationship with adiponectin concentrations.Conclusions  ADIPOQ SNPs are significantly associated with adiponectin concentrations in the Diabetes Prevention Program cohort. This observation extends prior observations from unselected populations of European descent into a broader multi‐ethnic population, and confirms the relevance of these variants in an obese/dysglycaemic population. Despite the robust relationship between adiponectin concentrations and diabetes risk in this cohort, variants in ADIPOQ that relate to adiponectin concentrations do not relate to diabetes risk in this population. ADIPOR1 variants exerted significant effects on diabetes risk distinct from any effect of adiponectin concentrations.
Sex ratio variations among the offspring of women with diabetes in pregnancy
Authors: Ehrlich S. F. , Eskenazi B. , Hedderson M. M. , Ferrara A. 
Published: March 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, e273‐e278 (2012)AbstractAims  It has long been hypothesized that natural selection would favour a reproductive strategy biased towards females under adverse circumstances in order to maximize the number of surviving grandchildren. An excess of daughters in women with Type 1 diabetes and a greater likelihood of gestational diabetes in women carrying male fetuses have also been reported. This study aims to compare the sex ratio across categories of maternal glycaemia.Methods  Among 288 009 mother–infant pairs delivering at Kaiser Permanente Northern California in 1996–2008, sex ratios were calculated for the following categories: pregravid diabetes, gestational diabetes, mild pregnancy hyperglycaemia (defined as an abnormal screening but normal diagnostic test for gestational diabetes) and normoglycaemia. Odds ratios for delivering a male were estimated with logistic regression; normoglycaemic pregnancies comprised the reference.Results  Women with pregravid diabetes delivered the fewest males (ratio male/female = 1.01), followed by women with normoglycaemic pregnancies and those with an abnormal screening only (both sex ratios = 1.05); women with gestational diabetes delivered the most males (sex ratio = 1.07). Odds ratio estimates suggested the same pattern, but none attained statistical significance.Conclusions  The crude sex ratios in this cohort suggest a possible gradient by category of maternal glycaemia. Women with gestational diabetes, a condition characterized by excessive fuel substrates, appear to deliver more males. Women with pregravid diabetes delivered the fewest males, possibly reflecting the unfavourable state of chronic disease.
Levels of mobbing perception among nurses in Eastern Turkey
Authors: Çevik Akyil R. , Tan M. , Saritaş S. , Altuntaş S. 
Published: March 2012

ÇEVİK AKYIL R., TAN M., SARITAŞ S. & ALTUNTAŞ S. (2012) Levels of mobbing perception among nurses in Eastern Turkey. International Nursing Review59, 402–408Purpose:  This is a descriptive and comparative study of levels of mobbing perception among nurses, causes and perpetrators of mobbing, reactions to and factors affecting mobbing.Method:  Data for the study were collected from a sample of 180 Turkish nurses between July 2007 and January 2008 using a three‐part questionnaire.Findings:  Nurses were frequently subjected to mobbing. Younger nurses, nurses with less institutional and professional experience, nurses with lower levels of education, and nurses working in internal medicine clinics and night shifts reported higher levels of mobbing. Nurses reported their managers as the most frequent perpetrators of mobbing, and bad working conditions as the most important cause of mobbing.Conclusion:  Many participants reported that they had come to accept mobbing incidents and did not lodge any complaints prior to the study. However, they claimed that they will not tolerate mobbing any longer, and will lodge verbal and written complaints.
Variable variability: difficulties in estimation and consequences for fisheries management
Authors: Burrow Jennifer F , Horwood Joe W , Pitchford Jonathan W 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecent analyses propose that the key regulatory processes in fisheries are stochastic, characterized by increased recruitment variance at low stock sizes (heteroscedasticity). Here, we investigate the consequences of this idea, with the aim of testing its practical relevance to fisheries management. We argue that stock‐recruitment time series are at least one order of magnitude too short to reliably fit heteroscedastic models; indeed, they are typically insufficient even to establish in which direction recruitment variance changes with stock size. Unreliable estimates of heteroscedasticity can have important management implications, depending on the sign of the coefficient of heteroscedasticity. Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) estimates from simple models, which include heteroscedasticity can be volatile, unrealistically high and sometimes non‐existent, as illustrated by an analysis of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua) data. In contrast, for North Sea herring (clupea harengus) data, heteroscedasticity has a negligible effect on MSY estimates. Statistical models are useful to elucidate broad‐scale regulatory processes, but will need to combined with the mechanistic understanding offered by models of population dynamics before being applied in a management setting.
Multicentury trends and the sustainability of coral reef fisheries in Hawai‘i and Florida
Authors: McClenachan Loren , Kittinger John N 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGlobal overfishing indicates a need to define fisheries sustainability thresholds and identify social factors promoting successful management, but rates of fishing and factors mediating sustainability over long timescales are largely unknown. Here, we reconstruct fisheries yield for the entire period of human habitation (five to seven centuries) for two coral reef ecosystems with substantially different fisheries histories (Florida Keys and the Hawaiian Islands) and evaluate the management strategies associated with periods of sustainable fishing. This involved a mixed methods approach, in which we estimated yield by fishery sector (commercial, subsistence, recreational and aquaculture) and characterized management strategies associated with periods of sustained high yields. We found differences between the two locations, with Hawai‘i sustaining yields of more than 12 mt km−2 for four centuries prior to the arrival of Europeans. This period was characterized by adaptive management whose design and enforcement exhibited characteristics of common property resource governance systems, and which effectively protected reef habitat, vulnerable life‐history stages for fish, and species with high susceptibilities to overfishing. Reefs in both Florida and Hawai‘i were exploited intensively after European contact, with sequential export‐driven depletion evident in Florida over the past century. Today, both exhibit strikingly similar modern catch levels, with landings exceeding 10 mt km−2 and evidence of overfishing. Our results demonstrate that management strategies and social institutions that support strict enforcement by a local rule‐making authority have had substantial impacts on fisheries yields in the past and suggest that long‐term sustainability of fisheries is possible, although rare today.
Uncovering and Overcoming Ambivalence: The Role of Chronic and Contextually Activated Attachment in Two‐Person Social Dilemmas
Authors: McClure M. Joy , Bartz Jennifer A. , Lydon John E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveHumans face an enduring conflict between desires to affiliate with others but to protect the self; effective social functioning often requires reconciling the resulting ambivalence between these motives. Attachment anxiety is characterized by chronically heightened concerns about affiliation and self‐protection; we investigated how anxious individuals’ chronic relational ambivalence affects interpersonal behavior.MethodWe used the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Assurance Game to examine how the ambivalence associated with attachment anxiety affects pro‐social behavior, comparing chronic attachment anxiety with both chronic (Study 1; N = 94) and contextually activated (Study 2; N = 56) security.ResultsChronic attachment anxiety was associated with ambivalent behavior in the social dilemma games. Specifically, the chronically anxious were mistrustfully inconsistent in their strategic choices and took more time to make these choices. However, priming the chronically anxious with attachment security decreased ambivalence by promoting more fluent cooperative behavior.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, these are the first studies to examine the effect of the anxiously attached's chronic relational ambivalence on pro‐social behavior. These findings illustrate that the simultaneous activation of affiliation and self‐protection can have interpersonal consequences, increasing mistrust and hesitance. Importantly, however, we were able to attenuate these effects by priming felt security.