bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Recovery Strategies After Training and Competition in Endurance Athletes: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Li Shuting , Kempe Matthias , Brink Michel , Lemmink Koen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Recovery strategies are used to enhance performance and reduce injury risk in athletes. In previous systematic reviews, individual recovery strategies were investigated to clarify their effectiveness for mixed groups of athletes. However, the current evidence is ambiguous, and a clear overview of (training) recovery for endurance athletes is still lacking.

Methods
We conducted an umbrella review based on a literature search in PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. Reviews published in English and before December 2022 were included. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were eligible if they investigated the effectiveness of one or more recovery strategies compared with a placebo or control group after a training session in endurance athletes.

Results
Twenty-two reviews (nine systematic reviews, three meta-analyses, and ten systematic reviews with meta-analyses included) met the inclusion criteria. In total, sixty-three studies with 1100 endurance athletes were included in our umbrella review. Out of the sixty-three studies, eight provided information on training recovery time frame for data synthesis. Among them, cryotherapy and compression garments showed positive effects, while applying massage showed no effect. In general, none of the included recovery strategies showed consistent benefits for endurance athletes.

Conclusion
There is no particular recovery strategy that can be advised to enhance recovery between training sessions or competitions in endurance athletes. However, individual studies suggest that compression garments and cryotherapy are effective training recovery strategies. Further research should improve methodology and focus on the different time courses of the recovery process.

Registration

The review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with the number CRD42021260509.
Equity, diversity and inclusion in simulation-based education: constructing a developmental framework for medical educators
Authors: Mutch Jennifer , Golden Shauna , Purdy Eve , Chang Chloe Hui Xin , Oliver Nathan , Tallentire Victoria Ruth 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Themes of equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) arise commonly within healthcare simulation. Though faculty development guidance and standards include increasing reference to EDI, information on how faculty might develop in this area is lacking. With increasingly formal expectations being placed on simulation educators to adhere to EDI principles, we require a better understanding of the developmental needs of educators and clear guidance so that teams can work towards these expectations. Our study had two aims: Firstly, to explore the extent to which an existing competency framework for medical teachers to teach ethnic and cultural diversity is relevant for simulation educator competency in EDI, and secondly, informed by the data gathered, to construct a modified competency framework in EDI for simulation educators.

Methods
We engaged our participants (10 simulation faculty) in a 5-month period of enhanced consideration of EDI, using the SIM-EDI tool to support faculty debriefing conversations focussed on EDI within a pre-existing programme of simulation. We interviewed participants individually at two timepoints and analysed transcript data using template analysis. We employed an existing competency framework for medical teachers as the initial coding framework. Competencies were amended for the simulation context, modified based on the data, and new themes were added inductively, to develop a new developmental framework for simulation educators.

Results
Interview data supported the relevance of the existing competency framework to simulation. Modifications made to the framework included the incorporation of two inductively coded themes (‘team reflection on EDI’ and ‘collaboration’), as well as more minor amendments to better suit the healthcare simulation context. The resultant Developmental Framework for Simulation Educators in EDI outlines 10 developmental areas we feel are required to incorporate consideration of EDI into simulation programmes during the design, delivery and debriefing phases. We propose that the framework acts as a basis for simulation faculty development in EDI.

Conclusions
Simulation faculty development in EDI is important and increasingly called for by advisory bodies. We present a Developmental Framework for Simulation Educators in EDI informed by qualitative data. We encourage simulation teams to incorporate this framework into faculty development programmes and report on their experiences.
Being in-between “to return or to stay”: exploring the experiences of urban displaced people in Mozambique’s Pemba
Authors: Tivane Nelson 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe province of Cabo Delgado, located in the north of Mozambique, has been inflicted by the conflict and terrorist actions since 2017. The threats they pose, and the unfolding fragility of the security situation have forced over 1.4 million people to flee their homes and communities. While thousands of displaced people are reluctant to risk their lives and return, over five hundred thousand displaced people made their spontaneous way back “home,” and the country continues to struggle with such a reality. In the face of violent disruption and displacement, this paper offers an exploratory review of return from the perspective of encountering and giving meaning to places. Leaving culture (reflexivity again) a bit out, the paper closely looks at the (social and economic) experiences people have developed and carried with them through their displacement (and return) narratives as the main factors influencing the decision to or not to return. This article would then have a twofold purpose. On the one hand, it contributes to the existing debate on conflict, displacement, place and place-making. On the other hand, it would be beneficial to enrich the ongoing research further.
Artificial intelligence generated clinical score sheets: looking at the two faces of Janus
Authors: Berce Cristian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn vivo experiments are increasingly using clinical score sheets to ensure minimal distress to the animals. A score sheet is a document that includes a list of specific symptoms, behaviours and intervention guidelines, all balanced to for an objective clinical assessment of experimental animals. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly being applied in the field of preclinical research, not only in analysis but also in documentation processes, reflecting a significant shift towards more technologically advanced research methodologies. The present study explores the application of Large Language Models (LLM) in generating score sheets for an animal welfare assessment in a preclinical research setting. Focusing on a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease, the study evaluates the performance of three LLM – ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5, and Google Bard – in creating clinical score sheets based on specified criteria such as weight loss, stool consistency, and visible fecal blood. Key parameters evaluated include the consistency of structure, accuracy in representing severity levels, and appropriateness of intervention thresholds. The findings reveal a duality in LLM-generated score sheets: while some LLM consistently structure their outputs effectively, all models exhibit notable variations in assigning numerical values to symptoms and defining intervention thresholds accurately. This emphasizes the dual nature of AI performance in this field—its potential to create useful foundational drafts and the critical need for professional review to ensure precision and reliability. The results highlight the significance of balancing AI-generated tools with expert oversight in preclinical research.
Predicted roles of long non-coding RNAs in abiotic stress tolerance responses of plants
Authors: Imaduwage IUH , Hewadikaram Madhavi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe plant genome exhibits a significant amount of transcriptional activity, with most of the resulting transcripts lacking protein-coding potential. Non-coding RNAs play a pivotal role in the development and regulatory processes in plants. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which exceed 200 nucleotides, may play a significant role in enhancing plant resilience to various abiotic stresses, such as excessive heat, drought, cold, and salinity. In addition, the exogenous application of chemicals, such as abscisic acid and salicylic acid, can augment plant defense responses against abiotic stress. While how lncRNAs play a role in abiotic stress tolerance is relatively well-studied in model plants, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of this function in horticultural crop plants. It also delves into the potential role of lncRNAs in chemical priming of plants in order to acquire abiotic stress tolerance, although many limitations exist in proving lncRNA functionality under such conditions.
Impact of Genomic Alterations on Efficacy of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Against Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2–Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yamaguchi Kyoko , Ito Mamoru , Isobe Taichi , Koreishi Sakuya , Taguchi Ryosuke , Uehara Koki , Ueno Shohei , Imajima Takashi , Kitazono Takafumi , Tsuchihashi Kenji , Ohmura Hirofumi , Yoshihiro Tomoyasu , Tanoue Kenro , Nishiyori Satoshi , Iwama Eiji , Maeda Takahiro , Akashi Koichi , Baba Eishi 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE The impact of genomic alterations on response and resistance to trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has not been elucidated. Thus, we sought to identify factors predicting sensitivity to T-DXd in gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study using real-world clinical data and next-generation sequencing–based comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) data from patients with advanced G/GEJ cancers, collected by the nationwide database in Japan. We analyzed the associations between genomic alterations and the patients' survivals after T-DXd treatment. RESULTS In 114 patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)–positive G/GEJ cancer treated with T-DXd, the most frequently altered genes were TP53 (82%), ERBB2 (80%), and CCNE1 (36%). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed CCNE1 amplification to be a significant predictor of shorter progression-free survival (PFS) after T-DXd treatment among 91 patients whose CGP samples were obtained before T-DXd (median PFS, 131 days v 189 days; hazard ratio [HR], 1.90 [95% CI, 1.02 to 3.53]; P = .044). Analyses of 1,450 G/GEJ cancers revealed significant CCNE1/ ERBB2 coamplification (41% relative to 11% CCNE1 amplification in ERBB2-nonamplified tumors; P < .0001). ERBB2-activating mutations were also detected in 3.7% of G/GEJ cancers and in 8.8% of HER2-positive G/GEJ cancers treated with T-DXd. Patients with ERBB2-mutated tumors showed shorter PFS than those without ERBB2 mutations after T-DXd treatment (mPFS, 105 v 180 days; P = .046). CONCLUSION CCNE1 amplification may confer primary resistance to T-DXd in HER2-positive G/GEJ cancer, suggesting that the cell cycle could be a potential therapeutic target in CCNE1/ERBB2 coamplified tumors. ERBB2-activating mutation may also attenuate T-DXd efficacy in HER2-positive G/GEJ cancer.
Synergy of Nodal Factors in Predicting Recurrence After Treatment of N1b Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Xian Keyao , Xu Siyuan , Huang Hui , Xing Chengwei , Wang Xiaolei , Liu Shaoyan , Liu Jie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Nodal factors are important predictors of prognosis for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but their synergistic effect is not well understood. We aimed to explore their synergy in predicting recurrence of clinical N1b (cN1b) PTC.

Methods
Patients who underwent surgery for cN1b PTC from 2013 to 2017 were enrolled. The association between nodal factors and recurrence was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted according to significant nodal factors.

Results
Of 1067 cN1b PTC patients included, all nodal factors (bilateral metastasis, largest dimension &gt; 3 cm, micro and gross extranodal extension (mENE, gENE), number of metastatic lymph nodes [MLN], lymph node yield [LNY], and ratio LNR]) were significantly associated with all site and nodal recurrence in the univariate analysis (all P &lt; .05). Multivariate analyses revealed largest dimension &gt; 3 cm, gENE and LNR &gt; 0.21 were associated with elevated both all site (hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI], 2.58 [1.67-4.00], 1.87 [1.26-3.01], 1.68 [1.11-2.42], all P &lt; .01) and nodal recurrences (HR [95% CI], 2.63 [1.67-4.13], 1.90 [1.15-3.12], 1.76 [1.17-2.66], all P &lt; .01). LNR and gENE had interactive effect (all site recurrence: P for interaction = .009; nodal recurrence: P for interaction = .02). LNR was significantly associated with recurrence in patients without gENE (HR [95% CI], all site recurrence: 2.41 [1.50-3.87]; nodal recurrence: 2.51 [1.52-4.14], all P &lt; .001), while when gENE appeared, LNR was no longer associated with recurrence (HR [95% CI], all site recurrence: 0.81 [0.43-1.54], P = .53; nodal recurrence: 0.85 [0.43-1.67], P = .64).

Conclusion
Nodal factors have synergistic effect in predicting recurrence in cN1b PTC patients. Increasing lymph nodes harvest may only decrease recurrence in patients without gENE, while not in gENE patients.
PAPP-A as a Potential Target in Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Conover Cheryl A , Bale Laurie K , Stan Marius N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context
Proptosis in thyroid eye disease (TED) can result in facial disfigurement and visual dysfunction. Treatment with insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) inhibitors has been shown to be effective in reducing proptosis but with side effects.

Objective
To test the hypothesis that inhibition of IGF-IR indirectly and more selectively with PAPP-A inhibitors attenuates IGF-IR signaling in TED. Informed consent was obtained from patients with TED undergoing surgery, and retro-orbital tissue was collected for fibroblast isolation and culture. Operations were performed in Mayo Clinic operating suites. Cell culture was performed in a sterile tissue culture facility. Retro-orbital tissue was collected from 19 patients with TED.

Methods
Treatment of TED fibroblasts with proinflammatory cytokines. Flow separation of CD34− and CD34+ orbital fibroblasts, the latter representing infiltrating fibrocytes into the orbit in TED. PAPP-A expression and proteolytic activity, IGF-I stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt pathway, and inhibition by immuno-neutralizing antibodies against PAPP-A, CD34+ status, and associated PAPP-A and IGF-IR expression were measured.

Results
Proinflammatory cytokines markedly increased PAPP-A expression in TED fibroblasts. IGF-IR expression was not affected by cytokine treatment. Inhibition of PAPP-A's proteolytic activity suppressed IGF-IR activation in orbital fibroblasts from patients with TED. TED fibroblasts that were CD34+ represented ∼80% of the cells in culture and accounted for ∼70% of PAPP-A and IGF-IR–expressing cells.

Conclusion
These results support a role for PAPP-A in TED pathogenesis and indicate the potential for novel therapeutic targeting of the IGF axis.
Neprilysin Inhibition Promotes Skeletal Growth via the CNP/NPR-B Pathway
Authors: Hakata Takuro , Ueda Yohei , Yamashita Takafumi , Yamauchi Ichiro , Kosugi Daisuke , Sugawa Taku , Fujita Haruka , Okamoto Kentaro , Fujii Toshihito , Taura Daisuke , Yasoda Akihiro , Akiyama Haruhiko , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) plays a crucial role in enhancing endochondral bone growth and holds promise as a therapeutic agent for impaired skeletal growth. To overcome CNP's short half-life, we explored the potential of dampening its clearance system. Neprilysin (NEP) is an endopeptidase responsible for catalyzing the degradation of CNP. Thus, we investigated the effects of NEP inhibition on skeletal growth by administering sacubitril, a NEP inhibitor, to C57BL/6 mice. Remarkably, we observed a dose-dependent skeletal overgrowth phenotype in mice treated with sacubitril. Histological analysis of the growth plate revealed a thickening of the hypertrophic and proliferative zones, mirroring the changes induced by CNP administration. The promotion of skeletal growth observed in wild-type mice treated with sacubitril was nullified by the knockout of cartilage-specific natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B). Notably, sacubitril promoted skeletal growth in mice only at 3 to 4 weeks of age, a period when endogenous CNP and NEP expression was higher in the lumbar vertebrae. Additionally, sacubitril facilitated endochondral bone growth in organ culture experiments using tibial explants from fetal mice. These findings suggest that NEP inhibition significantly promotes skeletal growth via the CNP/NPR-B pathway, warranting further investigations for potential applications in people with short stature.
Potential Mediating Role of Iron Biomarkers in the Association of Sex With Glucose, Insulin, and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Khatami Farnaz , Lange Theis , Groothof Dion , Ahanchi Noushin Sadat , Quezada-Pinedo Hugo G , Raeisi-Dehkordi Hamidreza , De Borst Martin H , Vidal Pedro-Marques , Mohan Sailesh , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Bano Arjola , Bakker Stephan J L , Muka Taulant , Eisenga Michele F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context
Sex-specific prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been reported, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to investigate whether iron biomarkers mediate the association between biological sex and glucose metabolism and the incidence of T2D.

Methods
We used data from the general population enrolled in the prospective Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENd-stage Disease study in Groningen, The Netherlands. We measured ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), hepcidin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI) levels, and incidence of T2D. We used multivariable regression and mediation analyses to investigate our hypothesis. All iron biomarkers, FPG, and FPI were log-transformed.

Results
The mean (SD) age of the 5312 (51.3% female) individuals was 52.2 (11.6) years. Compared with males, females had lower FPG (β = −.01; 95% CI −0.02, −0.01) and FPI (β = −.03; 95% CI −0.05, −0.02) levels. Ferritin, hepcidin, and sTfR showed potential mediating effects on the association between sex and FPG, 21%, 5%, and 7.1%, respectively. Furthermore, these variables mediated 48.6%, 5.7%, and 3.1% of the association between sex and FPI, respectively. Alternatively, TSAT had a suppressive mediating role in the association of sex with FPG and FPI. The incidence of T2D was lower in females than in males (hazard ratio 0.58; 95% CI 0.44, 0.77), with 19.2% of this difference being mediated by ferritin.

Conclusion
Iron biomarkers may partially mediate the association between sex and glucose homeostasis. Future studies addressing the causality of our findings are needed.
Introduction: Antipolitics or Antinomianism?
Authors: Perl Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this introduction to part 3 of the Common Knowledge symposium “Antipolitics,” the journal's editor argues that, apart from sortition, the best guarantees of safety in a democracy are, first, to augment judicial oversight of all political processes and, second, to exclude politicians from the process of selecting judges. “There can never be too much judicial interference,” he writes, “in what politicians regard as their domain.” The author reached this conclusion during attempts by the newly elected Israeli government, in the spring of 2023, to make itself absolute by eliminating checks on its conduct that the Supreme Court had been developing and applying since the 1950s. Traditional Jewry and Judaism being notoriously hypernomian, the resistance to legality on the part of the ruling coalition has conveyed an aura of antinomian heresy. The choice in Israel appears to be between antipolitics and antinomianism, rather than between Left and Right politically—and the antipolitical model in Israel of a superintendent judiciary and an autonomous attorney general is arguably superior to the American prototype, even from the perspective (“all men are created equal . . . , endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights”) that we have come to regard as quintessentially American.
Early Experience With the Dual-Mode Radial-Access Catheter Armadillo in Neuroendovascular Procedures via the Radial Approach: A Multicenter Study of 71 Patients
Authors: El Naamani Kareem , Mastorakos Panagiotis , Teichner Eric M. , Sioutas Georgios S. , Salem Mohamed M. , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Gooch M. Reid , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Srinivasan Visish , Jankowitz Brian T. , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Jabbour Pascal M. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The transradial approach is increasingly being adopted by neurointerventionalists after several studies showed its safety, efficacy, and patient satisfaction. However, the use of non–radial-specific devices for transradial procedures is a major barrier for transradial adoption. In this study, we aim to demonstrate the efficacy, technical feasibility, and safety of the Armadillo dual-mode guide catheter (Q'Apel Medical Inc.) as a radial-specific catheter in various neurovascular pathologies.

METHODS:
This is a multicenter retrospective study of 71 patients who underwent neurointerventional procedures via the transradial route using the Armadillo guide catheter between 2021 and 2023.

RESULTS:
Our study cohort comprised 71 patients, mostly females (n = 33, 63.5%) with a mean age of 59.1 ± 13.5 years. 13 (18.3%) patients underwent carotid artery stenting and angioplasty, 39 (54.9%) aneurysm treatment, 9 (12.7%) vascular malformation embolization, 5 (7.0%) tumor embolization, and 5 (7.0%) middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematomas. The mean procedure time was 61.4 ± 33.5 min, mean fluoro time was 29.6 ± 14.4 min, and mean radiation exposure was 93.3 ± 56.3 Gy cm2. During the procedures, 70 (98.6%) target vessels were successfully catheterized. The rate of access site complications was 0%, and 1 (1.4%) patient required conversion to the transfemoral route.

CONCLUSION:
The use of the Armadillo catheter showed promising outcomes in terms of safety, effectiveness, and technical feasibility in various neuroendovascular procedures, demonstrating a high success rate and low morbidity rate.
Step 3 for the treatment of periodontal diseases: non-regenerative periodontal surgery
Authors: Vithlani Viren , Ide Mark 
Published: May 2024

This article outlines the key aspects of considering non-regenerative periodontal surgery in step 3 of the UK version of the EFP S3-level clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of periodontitis. The third step of periodontal treatment is aimed at treating those sites that have not responded adequately, targeting non-responding or residual deep pockets. The purpose of non-regenerative surgery is to achieve access to root surfaces associated with residual pockets for further subgingival instrumentation, aiming to eliminate those lesions that add complexity to the management of periodontitis (such as infrabony defects, root concavities and furcations). At these localized sites, the main objective of periodontal surgery is to improve direct vision and access for professional instrumentation, to reduce or correct anatomical factors, partially regenerate lost periodontal tissue where possible, and ultimately create an environment that is easy and comfortable for the patient and the dental professional to maintain.CPD/Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of the non-regenerative surgical treatment of Stage III and IV periodontitis patients is valuable for dental clinicians.