bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MECHANISM OF ACTIVATION OF TASTE RECEPTORS
Authors: Василиевич Н.В. , Бажанов М.А. , Веселова О.В. 
Published: June 2024

Целью статьи является рассмотрение механизма активации вкусовых рецепторов человека. На основе анализа исследований по данному направлению составлена многоступенчатая структура потенциального усилителя вкуса, которая наглядно иллюстрирует каскад реакций, происходящих в процессе восприятия продукта, а также позволяет сопоставить каждый компонент рецептуры с производимым им эффектом в общей органолептической композиции.
The purpose of the article is to consider the mechanism of activation of human taste buds. Based on directional analysis studies, a multi-stage structure is compiled that provides flavor enhancement, which shows an illustrative cascade of cascading effects in the process of product perception, and also allows us to compare each component of the formulation with its variable effect in the overall organoleptic composition.
REVIEW OF ACCELERATED TESTING METHODS TO JUSTIFY THE SHELF LIFE OF FOOD CONCENTRATES
Authors: Дубцова Г.Н. , Пономарева С.М. , Лындина М.И. , Протункевич И.В. , Лашманова М.С. 
Published: June 2024

Современные технологии в отраслях пищевой и перерабатывающей индустрии АПК направлены не только на увеличение объемов производства продукции, расширения ассортимента, но, главное, на обеспечение населения страны качественными продуктами питания. В связи с этим важной задачей является выявление закономерностей изменения качества готовых изделий в процессе их хранения с целью определения оптимальных сроков годности. Представлен аналитический обзор результатов исследований отечественных и зарубежных авторов с использованием ресурсов поисковых систем. Сформулированы основные показатели качества при прогнозировании сроков хранения пищевых концентратов на основе экспериментов, выполненных при повышенных температурах.
Modern technologies in the branches of the food and processing industry of the agro-industrial complex are aimed not only at increasing production volumes, expanding the assortment, but most importantly at providing high-quality food products to the population of the country. In this regard, the primary task is to identify patterns of changes in the quality of finished products during their storage in order to determine the optimal shelf life. An analytical review of the research results of domestic and foreign authors using the resources of search engines is presented. The main quality indicators for predicting the shelf life of food concentrates based on experiments performed at elevated temperatures are formulated.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR CARAMEL ENRICHED WITH ANTIOXIDANTS
Authors: Митрошина Д.П. , Славянский А.А. , Лебедева Н.Н. , Круглов В.В. 
Published: June 2024

Одним из важнейших направлений развития пищевой промышленности является производство продуктов питания, обогащенных незаменимыми нутриентами, к которым относятся в том числе и антиоксиданты. Это обусловлено тем, что в настоящее время на такой продукции дефицит кондитерских обогащенных подобными веществами. Создание такого вида карамели позволит получать востребованную продукцию, в том числе профилактического назначения. В ходе исследований был разработан и запатентован способ производства антиоксидантной карамели. Установлено, что полученная по предлагаемой технологии карамель обладает высокой пищевой ценностью, необходимыми органолептическими и физико-химическими характеристиками.
One of the most important areas of development of the food industry is the production of food products enriched with essential nutrients, which include antioxidants. This is due to the fact that there is currently a shortage of sugary confectionery products enriched with such substances on the market for such products. The creation of this type of caramel will make it possible to obtain in-demand products, including those for preventive purposes. During the research, a method for producing antioxidant caramel was developed and patented. It has been established that the caramel obtained using the proposed technology has a high nutritional value and the necessary organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics.
Assessing the Effects of ICT Resource Use on Enhancing Clothing and Textile Teaching and Learning in Ghanaian Colleges of Education: A Case Study in the CENTWEST Zonal Colleges of Education
Authors: Nyamekye Patricia , Ampaafo Emelia Serwaa , Tetteh Abraham , Baidoo Alexander , Issah Sumaila , Osei Dinah Bridget Oduraa 
Published: June 2024

Aims: To assess the Effects of ICT resource use on enhancing Clothing and Textile teaching and learning.
Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive survey research design.
Place and Duration of Study: Central and Western (CENTWEST) zonal Colleges of Education in Ghana.
Methodology: The researcher adopted a quantitative research design. The target population of students' teachers in levels 100 to 400 is 415 people, with 8 teachers. Purposive sampling was used to select all of the students’ teachers and teachers in levels 200 and 300 for the study. In all four colleges of education, there are 230 students' teachers and 8 teachers at levels 200 and 300, respectively. The research instrument used for the data collection was a questionnaire. The usage of a data analysis application known as the International Business Machine, Statistical Package for Social Sciences, and Microsoft Excel assisted the data analysis (IBM SPSS).
Results: 66.7% of student teachers indicated that hardware resources like computers, laptops, projectors etc. were not available. 82.5% of student teachers reported that software for teaching clothing and textiles was not available. 50% of student teachers said storage resources like pen drives, CD/DVDs were available, while 33.7% said they were not. 58.3% of students indicated their colleges have internet/WiFi resources. 88% of teachers agreed that software for teaching clothing and textiles was not available, though they reported hardware, storage and internet resources were available but inadequate. Both students (mean 3.88) and teachers (mean 4.2) agreed that using ICTs makes teaching and learning of clothing and textiles easier (student mean 4.58, teacher mean 4.57). ICTs enhance learners' understanding of concepts (student mean 4.03, teacher mean 4.42) and make assessment easier (student mean 4.54, teacher mean 4.35). However, there was a high coefficient of variation of 55.33% among students on whether ICTs enhance collaborative learning.
Conclusion: The results indicated both students and teachers agreed ICT usage positively impacted the teaching and learning of clothing and textiles despite the inadequate resources available.
Exploring the Dynamics of Housing Demand Preferences in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Muoneke Chukwudum Theophilus 
Published: June 2024

This study investigates housing demand preferences in Ilorin, one of Nigeria's rapidly growing metropolises. Ilorin presents a unique case for urban housing analysis, covering an area of approximately 100 km² and situated between the densely populated southwest and the sparsely populated middle belt. Using a mixed-method approach, data were collected through a survey of 494 individuals, document analysis, and field observations. Respondents were selected using a stratified random sampling technique, ensuring representation from Ilorin East, Ilorin South, and Ilorin West. The survey focused on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, housing types, income levels, and ownership statuses. The findings reveal that most respondents live in family compounds (42.4%), followed by those in 3-bedroom flats (16.8%) and single-room accommodations (14.2%). Income distribution is varied, with 25.3% of respondents earning above N80,000 monthly. Most respondents (65.9%) are homeowners, while 33.9% are tenants. The socioeconomic analysis shows that respondents generally have a moderate educational background and have resided in Ilorin for an average of 5.36 years. The mean age, marital status, and employment status suggest middle ranges within their respective categories. The study highlights the significant impact of income levels, employment opportunities, and access to credit on housing preferences. Urbanization and poverty are identified as critical factors driving the demand for housing, as people migrate from rural areas to urban centers in search of better opportunities, leading to increased congestion and housing deficits in cities. Infrastructure development, such as transportation networks and public services, significantly influences housing choices, emphasizing the need for strategic urban planning. This research underscores the importance of government policies related to land tenure, housing finance, and urban planning in shaping housing demand.
Responses of chimpanzees to a recently dead community member at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Authors: Stewart Fiona Anne , Piel Alexander Kenneth , O'Malley Robert C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractChimpanzee responses to the death of a group member have rarely been observed in the wild and most instances involve infant deaths. One of the very few detailed accounts of a group's response to the death of an adult community member is from Gombe National Park, Tanzania, where Teleki [Folia Primatologica 20:81–94, 1973] observed the responses of 16 chimpanzees to an accidental death, none of whom touched the body. Now, almost 40 years later, we report on the behaviors of 16 (different) Gombe individuals to the recently dead body of an adult female community member. In stark contrast to Teleki's account, we observed individual chimpanzees' responses to range from curious observation and passive investigation (e.g. smelling and grooming) to the shaking, dragging, and frustrated beating of the body. Variation across demographic groups is described and may reflect individuals' past experience with death. The implications of our observations are discussed in the context of core morbidity traits shared between humans and chimpanzees. Am. J. Primatol. 74:1–7, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic evidence for dispersal by both sexes in the Central American Squirrel Monkey, Saimiri oerstedii citrinellus
Authors: Blair M.E. , Melnick D.J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSex‐biased dispersal (SBD) is common in many vertebrates, including primates. However, dispersal patterns in New World primates may vary among closely related taxa or populations in different local environments. Here, we test for SBD in an endangered New World primate, the Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedii citrinellus). Previous studies of behavioral ecology suggest predominantly female dispersal in S.o. oerstedii in the Southern Pacific region of Costa Rica. However, our genetic data do not support strongly female‐biased dispersal in S.o. citrinellus in the Central Pacific region. Our tests for SBD using microsatellite data including comparisons of isolation‐by‐distance, AIc, and FST values between males and females were not significant. Also, we found greater population genetic structure in mitochondrial markers than in microsatellite markers, indicative of predominantly male dispersal. We conclude that both sexes disperse in S.o. citrinellus, and that males probably disperse over longer distances. We discuss how spatial and temporal variation among local populations should be taken into account when studying dispersal patterns and especially sex bias. Am. J. Primatol. 74:37–47, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The anatomist Hans Elias: A Jewish German in exile
Authors: Hildebrandt S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHans Elias (1907 to 1985) was an anatomist, an educator, a mathematician, a cinematographer, a painter, and a sculptor. Above all, he was a German of Jewish descent, who had to leave his home country because of the policies of the National Socialist (NS) regime. He spent his life in exile, first in Italy and then in the United States. His biography is exemplary for a generation of younger expatriates from National Socialist Germany who had to find a new professional career under difficult circumstances. Elias was a greatly productive morphologist whose artistic talent led to the foundation of the new science of stereology and made him an expert in scientific cinematography. He struggled hard to fulfill his own high expectations of himself in terms of his effectiveness as a scientist, educator, and politically acting man in this world. Throughout his life this strong‐willed and outspoken man never lost his great fondness for Germany and many of its people, while reserving some of his sharpest criticism for fellow anatomists who were active in National Socialist Germany, among them his friend Hermann Stieve, Max Clara, and Heinrich von Hayek. Hans Elias' life is well documented in his unpublished diaries and memoirs, and thus allows fresh insights into a time period when some anatomists were among the first victims of NS policies and other anatomists became involved in the execution of such policies. Clin. Anat. 25:284–294, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Additions to meso‐Anhydrides and Azlactones
Authors: Rodriguez‐Docampo Zaida , Connon Stephen J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis review charts the recent progress of two related, yet distinct organocatalytic processes: the desymmetrisation of meso‐anhydrides and the dynamic kinetic resolution of azlactones. Driven by recent advances in catalyst design, both these processes have undergone something of a renaissance in recent years and are now becoming very powerful and versatile synthetic methodologies. The material is presented in a critical fashion and the material is organised by reaction type and catalyst class.
Pesticides Removal Using Conventional and Low‐Cost Adsorbents: A Review
Authors: Zolgharnein Javad , Shahmoradi Ali , Ghasemi Jahanbakhsh 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWorldwide pesticide usage has increased dramatically during the last three decades, coinciding with changing practices and increasing by intensive agriculture. This widespread use of pesticides for agricultural and non‐agricultural purposes has resulted in the presence of their residues in various environmental matrices. The occurrence of pesticides and their metabolite transported in rivers, channels, lakes, sea, air, soils, groundwater, and even drinking water, proves the high risk of these chemicals to human health and the environment. Therefore, pesticide removal is of an increasing concern. In this study, a review of the published literature dealing with pesticides removal process is presented. Firstly, pesticide removal by conventional means is briefly considered. Secondly, the use of the low‐cost sorbent through biosorption process is discussed comprehensively. The effect of factors such as pH, contact time, sorbent dosage, initial pesticide concentration, and optimization of biosorption conditions is also discussed. Kinetic, thermodynamic, and mechanism studies are also given. This study shows that both microorganisms and other materials with biological origin like agricultural by‐products may be used to this end. There is a significant potential for pesticide uptake by the use of various pristine and especially modified biosorbents. In the case of living organisms used as removal agents, degradation may also play a role in the total removal observed.
Retractable loop‐gap resonators for electron paramagnetic resonance imaging with in situ irradiation capabilities
Authors: Epel Boris , Sundramoorthy Subramanian V. , Halpern Howard J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA retractable split‐top loop‐gap resonator for both continuous wave and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance imaging of small animals with open, clam shell style design to allow convenient access to the sample for in situ animal irradiation is described. The resonator can be either rigidly attached to the animal support bed or floated independently from the bed to avoid communication of the mechanical vibrations of the bed to the resonator. Multiple split‐top resonators for different animal sizes were built and tested. The characteristics of split‐top resonators are comparable with those of loop‐gap resonators used previously. The imaging experiments that involved the sham animal irradiation between pairs of images demonstrated very good maintenance of animal position between images. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 167–172, 2011
Could image processing enable reduced acoustic noise during MRI scans?
Authors: Jackson James M. , Forbes Larry K. , While Peter T. , Brideson Michael A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coils are typically associated with high acoustic noise levels, which can pose problems for the patient and attending medical staff. Lorentz forces are generated by gradient coils, which are switched rapidly. The Lorentz forces displace the coil former and promote a pressure wave that is responsible for acoustic noise up to 130 dB. The high noise levels are an unavoidable consequence of requiring the gradient coils to generate highly homogeneous linear magnetic fields. However, in this article, we present a mathematical method for designing coils that achieve a drastic reduction in noise level by deliberately sacrificing field linearity. We show that useful images can nevertheless be obtained from the nonlinear fields associated with these quiet coils. Examples are given that demonstrate the robustness of the method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 191–205, 2011
Device Performance and Lifetime of Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells with UV‐Ozone‐Irradiated Hole‐Collecting Buffer Layers
Authors: Lee Seungsoo , Nam Sungho , Lee Hyena , Kim Hwajeong , Kim Youngkyoo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe report the influence of UV‐ozone irradiation of the hole‐collecting buffer layers on the performance and lifetime of polymer:fullerene solar cells. UV‐ozone irradiation was targeted at the surface of the poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layers by varying the irradiation time up to 600 s. The change of the surface characteristics in the PEDOT:PSS after UV‐ozone irradiation was measured by employing optical absorption spectroscopy, photoelectron yield spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements, while Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques were introduced for more microscopic analysis. Results showed that the UV‐ozone irradiation changed the chemical structure/composition of the surface of the PEDOT:PSS layers leading to the gradual increase of ionization potential with irradiation time in the presence of up‐and‐down variations in the contact angle (polarity). This surface property change was attributed to the formation of oxidative components, as evidenced by XPS and Auger electron images, which affected the sheet resistance of the PEDOT:PSS layers. Interestingly, device performance was slightly improved by short irradiation (up to 10 s), whereas it was gradually decreased by further irradiation. The short‐duration illumination test showed that the lifetime of solar cells with the UV‐ozone irradiated PEDOT:PSS layer was improved due to the protective role of the oxidative components formed upon UV‐ozone irradiation against the attack of sulfonic acid groups in the PEDOT:PSS layer to the active layer.
Glycosphingolipids in signaling and development: From liposomes to model organisms
Authors: Pontier Stephanie M. , Schweisguth François 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSince the launch of the raft hypothesis in 1997, data generated in liposomes and cultured cells have highlighted the role of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in the dynamic organization of biological membranes and the activity of signaling complexes. In parallel studies, genetic analysis of the GSL synthetic pathway has begun to reveal some of the specific roles of GSLs in vivo. Here, we review the role of GSLs in signaling in the context of a refined raft hypothesis. Recent genetic studies in worms, flies, and mice give us the opportunity to integrate these in vivo data with earlier in vitro liposome studies. Developmental Dynamics 241:92–106, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Drosophila cancer models
Authors: Rudrapatna Vivek A. , Cagan Ross L. , Das Tirtha K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCancer is driven by complex genetic and cellular mechanisms. Recently, the Drosophila community has become increasingly interested in exploring cancer issues. The Drosophila field has made seminal contributions to many of the mechanisms that are fundamental to the cancer process; several of these mechanisms have already been validated in vertebrates. Less well known are the Drosophila field's early direct contributions to the cancer field: some of the earliest tumor suppressors were identified in flies. In this review, we identify major contributions that Drosophila studies have made toward dissecting the pathways and mechanisms underlying tumor progression. We also highlight areas, such as drug discovery, where we expect Drosophila studies to make a major scientific impact in the future. Developmental Dynamics 241:107–118, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Alkenenitrile Transmissive Olefination: Synthesis of the Putative Lignan “Morinol I”
Authors: Fleming Fraser F. , Liu Wang , Yao Lihua , Pitta Bhaskar , Purzycki Matthew , Ravikumar P. C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGrignard reagents trigger an addition–elimination with α′‐hydroxy acrylonitriles to selectively generate Z‐alkenenitriles. The modular assembly of Z‐alkenenitriles from a Grignard reagent, acrylonitrile, and an aldehyde is ideal forstereoselectively synthesizing alkenes, as illustrated in the synthesis of the putative lignan morinol I.
Interactions of gold nanoparticles with freshwater aquatic macrophytes are size and species dependent
Authors: Glenn J. Brad , White Sarah A. , Klaine Stephen J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The partitioning of 4- and 18-nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to aquatic macrophytes was investigated in vivo with exposure suspension in well water. Three morphologically distinct aquatic macrophytes were studied. Myriophyllum simulans Orch. and Egeria densa Planch. are submerged aquatic vascular plants, whereas Azolla caroliniana Willd. is a free-floating aquatic fern. Because aquatic plants absorb the majority of their nutrients from the water column, it is logical to hypothesize that they may absorb nanomaterials in suspension, potentially facilitating trophic transfer. Each plant was exposed to two different-sized gold nanospheres at a nominal concentration of 250 µg/L AuNPs for 24 h. Macrophytes were harvested at six time points (1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h), dried, and then analyzed for gold concentration via inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Concentrations were normalized to whole-plant dry tissue mass. The present study shows that absorption of AuNPs through root uptake was size and species dependent. Electron microscopy revealed that 4- and 18-nm AuNPs adsorbed to the roots of each species. Root tissue was sectioned, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that 4-nm and 18-nm AuNPs were absorbed by A. caroliniana, whereas only 4-nm AuNPs were absorbed by M. simulans. Egeria densa did not absorb AuNPs of either size. Gold nanoparticles were confirmed in tissue by using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Absorption of AuNPs by plants may be a function of the salinity tolerance of each species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:194–201. © 2011 SETAC