bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dendritic development of retinal ganglion cells after prenatal intracranial infusion of tetrodotoxin
Authors: Campbell Gregor , Ramoa Ary S. , Stryker Michael P. , Shatz Carla J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe dendritic form of a cell may be established by many factors both intrinsic and environmental. Blockade of action potentials along the course of axons and in their postsynaptic targets dramatically alters the development of axonal morphology. The extent to which blockade of target cell activity retrogradely alters the dendritic morphology of the presynaptic cells is unknown. To determine whether the establishment of dendritic form by developing retinal canclion cells depends on activity within their targets, the sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (TTX), was administeredviaminipumps to the diencephalon of cat fetuses from embryonic day 43 (E43) to E57. At E57 retinae were removed and living retinal ganglion cells injectedin vitrowith Lucifer yellow to reveal their dendritic morphology. In the TTX-treated animals both alpha and beta types of retinal ganglion cells were present, as were putative gamma cells. Overall, the dendrites of retinal ganglion cells in TTX-treated animals appeared qualitatively and Quantitatively similar to those of untreated animals. The only significant change in the TTX-treated cases was a small increase in the number of dendritic spines on the non-beta cells. These results indicate that the acquisition of basic dendritic form of developing ganglion cells is not influenced by the action potential activity within their targets, and that it is also independent of the terminal branching patterns of their axons.
Relationships between Müller cells and neurons in a primitive tetrapod, the Australian lungfish
Authors: Robinson Stephen R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe recently proposed a model of cytogenesis which assumes that primitive ancestral mammals and premammalian vertebrates had a retinal composition that consisted of about seven neurons per Müller cell, comprising 1–2 cone photoreceptors, 1–2 rod photoreceptors, 2–3 bipolar cells, 1–2 amacrine cells, less than 1 ganglion cell, and less than 1 horizontal cell (Reichenbach & Robinson, 1995). The Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsten) closely resembles the lobe-finned ancestors of land vertebrates, and has an extremely plesiomorphic nervous system. The present study, therefore, has examined the relative frequencies of retinal neurons and Müller cells (identified by immunolabelling for glutamine synthetase) in the lungfish retina. It was found that for each Müller cell there is an average of 1.9 cone photoreceptors, 1.7 rod photoreceptors, 3.1 amacrine/bipolar/horizontal cells, and 0.6 ganglion cells; amounting to a ratio of 7.3 neurons per Müller cell. These results support our conjecture that the sequence of cytogenesis in mammals is constrained by a developmental program that predates the evolution of mammals. The study also provides the first detailed morphological descriptions of lungfish Müller cells and their relationship with adjacent neurons. It was found that individual Müller cells in lungfish have a volume (more than 12,000 μm3) that is an order of magnitude higher than in mammals, yet the proportion of total retinal volume occupied by these cells (20%) is very similar.
Le rôle des anaphores dans la mise en place des relations de cohérence dans le discours: l'hypothèse de J.R. Hobbs
Authors: CORNISH FRANCIS 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTPour Hobbs (1979), l'interprétation des anaphoriques inter-phrastiques ‘découle’ (‘falls out’) en tant qu'effet secondaire de l'emploi d'une relation de cohérence pour intégrer deux unités de discours. En essayant de mettre au clair la nature des interactions entre relations de cohérence et fonctionnement des anaphores dans la compréhension de textes multi-propositionnels, l'article cherche à démontrer que l'hypothèse de Hobbs n'est valable qu'en partie.D'abord, la référence complète des anaphoriques ne ‘découle’ pas seulement du choix de telle ou telle relation de cohérence pour intégrer deux unités de discours: elle est essentielle pour la mise en œuvre effective de cette relation. Ensuite, elle sert également à sélectionner l'unité de discours avec laquelle l'unité arrivante va s'intégrer, ainsi qu’à articuler le discours en une structure hiérarchique. Enfin l'intégration des unités de discours n'a pas lieu d'un seul coup, mais peut être étalée sur au moins trois étapes distinctes.
Titres et intertitres dans l'organisation du discours
Authors: REBEYROLLE JOSETTE , JACQUES MARIE-PAULE , PÉRY-WOODLEY MARIE-PAULE 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTDans cet article, nous explorons le fonctionnement discursif des titres en nous appuyant sur l'hypothèse qu'ils contribuent à la construction d'un modèle interprétatif du discours. Notre objectif est de montrer que les relations que les titres entretiennent avec le texte qu'ils chapeautent ne se laissent pas décrire avec les mêmes outils théoriques ni avec les mêmes méthodes selon le genre des textes. Parce qu'ils sont uniques, les titres d'articles de presse devraient pouvoir être décrits au travers de relations de cohérence. Parce qu'ils sont multiples, en revanche, les titres qui structurent les textes longs ne peuvent pas être abordés ainsi. La description de leur fonctionnement exige une méthode de linguistique de corpus fondée sur l'annotation systématique d'indices susceptibles de faire émerger des types fonctionnels distincts.
CHEBYSHEV POLYNOMIALS ON JULIA SETS AND EQUIPOTENTIAL CURVES FOR THE FAMILYP(z)=zd−c
Authors: XIAO YINGQING , QIU WEIYUAN 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIt is shown that thednth Chebyshev polynomials on the Julia setJP, and on the equipotential curve ΓP(R), of the polynomialP(z)=zd−c, are identical and exactly equal to thenth iteration ofP(z) itself. As an application, the capacity of the Julia setJPis deduced, a result that was first obtained by Brolin.
ON THE INDEX OF COMPOSITION OF THE EULER FUNCTION AND OF THE SUM OF DIVISORS FUNCTION
Authors: DE KONINCK JEAN-MARIE , LUCA FLORIAN 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGiven an integern≥2, letλ(n):=(logn)/(logγ(n)), whereγ(n)=∏p∣np, denote the index of composition ofn, withλ(1)=1. Letting ϕ andσstand for the Euler function and the sum of divisors function, we show that bothλ(ϕ(n)) andλ(σ(n)) have normal order 1 and mean value 1. Given an arbitrary integerk≥2, we then study the size of min {λ(ϕ(n)),λ(ϕ(n+1)),…,λ(ϕ(n+k−1))} and of min {λ(σ(n)),λ(σ(n+1)),…,λ(σ(n+k−1))} asnbecomes large.
TWO-SIDED ASYMPTOTIC BOUNDS FOR THE COMPLEXITY OF SOME CLOSED HYPERBOLIC THREE-MANIFOLDS
Authors: MATVEEV SERGEI , PETRONIO CARLO , VESNIN ANDREI 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe establish two-sided bounds for the complexity of two infinite series of closed orientable three-dimensional hyperbolic manifolds, the Löbell manifolds and the Fibonacci manifolds. The manifolds of the two series are indexed by an integernand the corresponding complexity estimates are both linear inn.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Authors: Mermel Leonard A. , Allon Michael , Bouza Emilio , Craven Donald E. , Flynn Patricia , O'Grady Naomi P. , Raad Issam I. , Rijnders Bart J. A. , Sherertz Robert J. , Warren David K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThese updated guidelines replace the previous management guidelines published in 2001. The guidelines are intended for use by health care providers who care for patients who either have these infections or may be at risk for them.
Activating and inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in haploidentical haemopoietic stem cell transplantation to cure high-risk leukaemias
Authors: Moretta A , Pende D , Locatelli F , Moretta L 
Published: June 2009

SummaryA number of experimental studies have shown that natural killer (NK) cells can eliminate cancer cells and the mechanisms involved in this effect have been uncovered during the last two decades. Clinical data from haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) revealed that NK cells were responsible for remarkably favourable effects in both adult and paediatric high-risk leukaemias. NK receptors specific for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, including killer immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (KIR) and CD94/NKG2A, play a major role in the anti-leukaemia effect (mediating either inhibitory or activating signals). Haplo- HSCT requires a heavy conditioning regimen for the patient and the use of large numbers of T cell-depleted HSC to be grafted. After transplantation, natural killer cells develop from HSC shortly after engraftment and may include ‘alloreactive’ NK cells that kill leukaemic cells and prevent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Alloreactive NK cells are characterized by the expression of KIR that are not engaged by any of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles expressed by the patient. Their generation is dependent upon the existence of a KIR/HLA class I mismatch between donor and recipient. Novel important information on the function and specificity of different KIR has been obtained recently by the analysis of donor-derived alloreactive NK cells in a cohort of paediatric patients given haplo-HSCT to cure acute, high-risk leukaemias.
Effects of androgens on adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue explant metabolism in men and women
Authors: Blouin Karine , Nadeau Mélanie , Perreault Martin , Veilleux Alain , Drolet Renée , Marceau Picard , Mailloux Jacques , Luu‐The Van , Tchernof André 
Published: June 2009

SummaryObjective  To examine the effects of aromatizable or nonaromatizable androgens on abdominal subcutaneous (SC) and omental (OM) adipose tissue lipid metabolism and adipogenesis in men and women.Design and subjects  Primary organ and preadipocyte cultures were established from surgical samples obtained in men (n = 22) and women undergoing biliopancreatic diversions (n = 12) or gynaecological surgeries (n = 8). Cultures were treated with testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and methyltrienolone (R1881).Measurements  Heparin‐releasable lipoprotein lipase (HR‐LPL) activity, glycerol release, adiponectin secretion, glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity and lipid accumulation were measured.Results  In organ cultures from men, DHT had a statistically significant inhibitory effect on HR‐LPL activity in the OM compartment. Testosterone significantly inhibited HR‐LPL activity in SC and OM cultures. In women, high DHT concentrations tended to inhibit HR‐LPL activity in OM cultures. Minor androgenic effects were observed for basal and isoproterenol‐stimulated lipolysis as well as adiponectin release in men. On the other hand, adipocyte differentiation was significantly and dose‐dependently inhibited by DHT, testosterone and R1881 in SC and OM cultures from both sexes. These effects did not differ according to adipose tissue depot but appeared to be more pronounced in women than in men.Conclusions  Androgens slightly decreased HR‐LPL activity in adipose tissue organ cultures, but markedly inhibited adipogenesis in SC and OM primary preadipocyte cultures in both sexes. Androgenic effects on adipose tissue in men vs. women may not differ in terms of direction but in the magnitude of their negative impact on adipogenesis and lipid synthesis.
Are stigma experiences among persons with mental illness, related to perceptions of self‐esteem, empowerment and sense of coherence?
Authors: LUNDBERG B. , HANSSON L. , WENTZ E. , BJÖRKMAN T. 
Published: June 2009

Accessible summary

The findings from the present study revealed that people with mental illness are often exposed to social rejection from friends and the public. The most common experiences concerned is to be treated differently, or as less competent, after being a patient in mental health care.
The main finding of this study was that more rejection experiences were associated with lower level of sense of coherence and, to a lesser extent, with lower level of empowerment and self‐esteem.
The weak association, between enacted stigma and self‐esteem, as well as empowerment and sense of coherence, seems encouraging. However, further research and interventions may also pay attention to felt or anticipated stigma among mentally ill persons.

AbstractThe aim of the study was to explore the relationship between stigmatizing rejection experiences and self‐related variables. Our hypothesis was that rejection experiences would be negatively associated with perceptions of self‐esteem, empowerment and sense of coherence. A cross‐sectional study assessing rejection experiences, empowerment, sense of coherence and self‐esteem was performed, including 200 persons in current or earlier contact with mental health services. The results showed that experiences of rejection were negatively associated with sense of coherence, empowerment and self‐esteem. This exploratory investigation suggests that experiences of rejection might be a target for coping interventions. Mental health nurses are in a key position to identify patients' experiences of stigma and by that to understand what consequences of devaluation/discrimination can have for the afflicted.
Reduction of Aluminium Concentration in Albumin Products
Authors: Inoue Masahiro , Gion Yoshihiko , Itoh Hirokazu , Ikariya Koei , Takechi Kazuo , Morimoto Kazuo , Tomioka Shinji , Furuta Kohichi , Yabushita Sadao 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe aluminium concentration in albumin products has been reduced to ≥100 ppb by an anion exchanger treatment. Furthermore, we have found that this low aluminium concentration in albumin products has been maintained for extensive periods of time, when they are stored in de‐alkalized soft glass containers.
Prolonged Storage of Red Cells: The Effect of pH, Adenine and Phosphate
Authors: Mazor D. , Dvilansky A. , Meyersiein N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractProlonged storage of red blood cells (RBCs) at 4 °C results in decreased intracellular ATP levels with diminished posttransfusion survival. Meryman described a preservative medium, exceptional in its capacity to increase these intracellular levels during the first weeks of storage and later in maintaining adequate levels, for extended storage periods. We modified this medium, investigated its constituents, and found that its ATP‐preserving effect was unrelated to its tonicity or to the presence of mannitol. Throughout storage, RBC potassium leakage and lactate production were moderate. No evidence of osmotic swelling was detected. In spite of high ATP levels, the cells became echinocytes, thus discounting a direct correlation between shape and metabolic status. The most striking finding in this study was that the prestorage pH of the blood unit (pH 7.0), has a crucial contribution in elevating nucleotide levels in a medium containing high levels of phosphate (18–10 mM) and adenine. We suggest that a combined effect of optimal pH, adenine, glucose and phosphate in the medium contributes to the ability of the RBCs to synthesize the necessary purine nucleotides by the ‘salvage pathway’.
Inheritance of resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) at seedling and fruiting stages in chili pepper (Capsicum spp.)
Authors: Mahasuk P. , Khumpeng N. , Wasee S. , Taylor P. W. J. , Mongkolporn O. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInheritance of resistance to anthracnose at fruiting and seedling stages was studied in two F2 populations from a cross between Capsicum annuum cv. ‘Bangchang’ and Capsicum chinense‘PBC932’. The first F2 was used to study anthracnose resistance at fruiting stage on mature green and ripe red fruit, and the second F2 was used to study the resistance at both seedling and fruiting stages. Fruit inoculation was performed on detached fruit using a microinjector. Disease severity was assessed on a 0–9 scale at 7 days after inoculation. Seedling inoculation was performed using a drop method on detached leaves of 4‐week‐old seedlings. Disease severity was assessed on a 1–9 scale at 3 days after inoculation. The distribution of the disease scores of green and red fruit, and seedlings in both F2 populations suggested a single gene model for each trait. Three different recessive genes were responsible for the three resistances from this cross. Linkage analysis suggested that the resistances at green and red fruit were linked (recombination frequency 0.25), and that the seedling resistance was not linked to the fruit resistances.
Neurotrophic effects of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in major pelvic ganglia of young and aged rats
Authors: Lin Guiting , Shindel Alan W. , Fandel Thomas M. , Bella Anthony J. , Lin Ching‐Shwun , Lue Tom F. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVETo investigate the neurotrophic effect of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cultured major pelvic ganglia (MPG) derived from young and aged rats.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe dorsocaudal region of the MPG was isolated from 12 6‐month‐old male rats and 12 24‐month‐old male rats. The MPGs were treated with BDNF, VEGF, or both, at 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 150 ng/mL to determine the effective concentration for 50% activity (EC50) and optimum dosage for promoting neurite growth. Neurite outgrowth from treated MPGs was measured by microscopy. NADPH diaphorase and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) staining was used to characterize neurites.RESULTSBoth BDNF and VEGF promoted neurite sprouting from MPG. Neurite growth was more robust in MPGs derived from young rats (6 months) than from aged rats (24 months). The EC50 for BDNF, VEGF and combined treatment were 10.6, 11.9 and 52 ng/mL in young rats, and 11.3, 12 and 0.75 ng/mL in old rats, respectively. The optimum dosage of both factors for promoting MPG neurite growth in all groups was 25–50 ng/mL. VEGF appeared to favour NADPH diaphorase‐positive neurites, whereas BDNF favoured TH‐positive neurites.CONCLUSIONBDNF and VEGF promote neurite growth from cultured MPG; combined treatment produced the most robust neurite outgrowth. Neurite growth from MPGs derived from aged rats was not as robust as it was from MPGs from younger rats. Further studies on the effect of neurotrophins after cavernous nerve injury are warranted.
Patients attending tertiary referral urology clinics: willingness to participate in tissue banking
Authors: Fitzpatrick Patricia E. , McKenzie Kenneth D. , Beasley Avril , Sheehan John D. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVETo examine attitudes of male patients attending urology clinics to the donation of prostate tissue samples for research purposes, to compare attitudes in relation to age, educational attainment, previous hospitalization and experience of cancer, and to evaluate attitudes to the duration of storage of tissue samples.PATIENTS AND METHODSA systematic sample of 259 male patients aged 20–75 years, attending the urology clinics in two busy tertiary referral urological centres, completed a self‐reported questionnaire in an outpatient setting.RESULTSMost (84.5%) respondents strongly agreed/agreed that they would be willing to donate prostate tissue for research purposes if undergoing invasive investigation or treatment. After adjusting for other factors, being aged >55 years and having a positive attitude to new discoveries in genetics and cancer remained independently associated with the willingness to donate. There were significantly fewer agreeing with the statement ‘I would like my samples to be used for profit‐making research’ (39.3%) than with the statement ‘I would like my samples to be used for non‐profit research’ (88.8%; P < 0.001). While most respondents trusted researchers to act in an ethical way, the proportions agreeing with the statement ‘In regard to extra research studies I would trust medical researchers to act in an appropriate and ethical way’ was significantly lower in those on a first visit rather than subsequent visit to urology outpatients and significantly higher in those with a family history of serious disease or a previous cancer.CONCLUSIONSThis study indicates that patients want to support research and become willing partners in the battle against cancer.
A systematic review of drug absorption following bariatric surgery and its theoretical implications
Authors: Padwal R. , Brocks D. , Sharma A. M. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryDemand for bariatric surgery has risen exponentially and bariatric patients often have multiple indications for post‐operative pharmacotherapy. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the published literature examining the effect of bariatric surgery on drug absorption.Studies were sought through searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry and hand searches of reference lists. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion.Twenty‐six studies (15 case reports/case series evaluating 12 different agents and 11 non‐randomized controlled studies examining 15 different agents) were found. Evidence for diminished drug absorption was found in 15/22 studies involving jejunoileal bypass, 1/3 studies of gastric bypass/gastroplasty and 0/1 studies examining biliopancreatic diversion. The effect of bariatric surgery on drug absorption appears drug‐specific. Drugs that are intrinsically poorly absorbed, highly lipophilic and/or undergo enterohepatic recirculation exhibited the greatest potential for malabsorption. The most consistent evidence for diminished absorption was found for cyclosporine, thyroxine, phenytoin and rifampin.Reduced drug absorption may occur post‐bariatric surgery and this effect appears drug‐specific. Individual dose‐adjustment and therapeutic monitoring may be required. Rigorously conducted controlled studies are needed to evaluate the effect of modern bariatric procedures on drug absorption.
Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma) in tattoos: a case series of seven patients
Authors: Kluger N , Vermeulen C , Moguelet P , Cotten H , Koeb MH , Balme B , Fusade T 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground  Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH or pseudolymphoma) is considered a rare complication occurring in tattoos. We analysed the demographics, clinical features, histological aspects, allergy tests, outcome and therapeutic data of CLH in tattoos performed by a professional in a series of patients.Methods  We conducted a retrospective chart review of seven patients managed in private practice of dermatology all over France from 2001 to 2007.Results  Reactions occurred within 2 years after tattooing, were non‐specific (pruritus, swelling, infiltration) and mainly restricted to red. Photosensitivity was noted in two cases. Histology was characteristic of pseudolymphoma with a T‐cell predominance in all cases. Surgery (2 cases) and laser removal (2 cases, CO2 and QS‐532 nm) were efficient, while local corticosteroids were not. One patient had spontaneous clinical remission after 2 years of evolution.Conclusions  This is the largest series of CLH occurring in tattoos. This delayed hypersensitivity reaction may be underestimated and triggered by a specific immunogenic compound of the ink. Its management remains difficult.