bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocompatibility and mechanical properties of diamond‐like coatings on cobalt‐chromium‐molybdenum steel and titanium‐aluminum‐vanadium biomedical alloys
Authors: Hinüber C. , Kleemann C. , Friederichs R. J. , Haubold L. , Scheibe H. J. , Schuelke T. , Boehlert C. , Baumann M. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDiamond‐like carbon (DLC) films are favored for wear components because of diamond‐like hardness, low friction, low wear, and high corrosion resistance (Schultz et al., Mat‐wiss u Werkstofftech 2004;35:924–928; Lappalainen et al., J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2003;66B:410–413; Tiainen, Diam Relat Mater 2001;10:153–160). Several studies have demonstrated their inertness, nontoxicity, and the biocompatibility, which has led to interest among manufacturers of surgical implants (Allen et al., J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2001;58:319–328; Uzumaki et al., Diam Relat Mater 2006;15:982–988; Hauert, Diam Relat Mater 2003;12:583–589; Grill, Diam Relat Mater 2003;12:166–170). In this study, hydrogen‐free amorphous, tetrahedrally bonded DLC films (ta‐C) were deposited at low temperatures by physical vapor deposition on medical grade Co28Cr6Mo steel and the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V (Scheibe et al., Surf Coat Tech 1996;85:209–214). The mechanical performance of the ta‐C was characterized by measuring its surface roughness, contact angle, adhesion, and wear behavior, whereas the biocompatibility was assessed by osteoblast (OB) attachment and cell viability via Live/Dead assay. There was no statistical difference found in the wettability as measured by contact angle measurements for the ta‐C coated and the uncoated samples of either Co28Cr6Mo or Ti6Al4V. Rockwell C indentation and dynamic scratch testing on 2–10 μm thick ta‐C films on Co28Cr6Mo substrates showed excellent adhesion with HF1 grade and up to 48 N for the critical load LC2 during scratch testing. The ta‐C coating reduced the wear from 3.5 × 10−5 mm3/Nm for an uncoated control sample (uncoated Co28Cr6Mo against uncoated stainless steel) to 1.1 × 10−7 mm3/Nm (coated Co28Cr6Mo against uncoated stainless steel) in reciprocating pin‐on‐disk testing. The lowest wear factor of 3.9 × 10−10 mm3/Nm was measured using a ta‐C coated steel ball running against a ta‐C coated and polished Co28Cr6Mo disk. Student's t‐test found that the ta‐C coating had no statistically significant (p < 0.05) effect on OB attachment, when compared with the uncoated control samples. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in the Live/Dead assay results in cell death between the ta‐C coated Co28Cr6Mo and Ti6Al4V samples and the uncoated controls. Therefore, these ta‐C coatings show improved wear and corrosion (Dorner‐Reisel et al., Diam Relat Mater 2003;11:823–827; Affato et al., J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2000;53:221–226; Dorner‐Reisel et al., Surf Coat Tech 2004;177–178:830–837; Kim et al., Diam Relat Mater 2004;14:35–41) performance and excellent in vitro cyto‐compatibility, when compared with currently used uncoated Co28Cr6Mo and Ti6Al4V implant materials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Plastic compression of a collagen gel forms a much improved scaffold for ocular surface tissue engineering over conventional collagen gels
Authors: Mi Shengli , Chen Bo , Wright Bernice , Connon Che John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe compare the use of plastically compressed collagen gels to conventional collagen gels as scaffolds onto which corneal limbal epithelial cells (LECs) are seeded to construct an artificial corneal epithelium. LECs were isolated from bovine corneas (limbus) and seeded onto either conventional uncompressed or novel compressed collagen gels and grown in culture. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that fibers within the uncompressed gel were loose and irregularly ordered, whereas the fibers within the compressed gel were densely packed and more evenly arranged. Quantitative analysis of LECs expansion across the surface of the two gels showed similar growth rates (p > 0.05). Under SEM, the LECs, expanded on uncompressed gels, showed a rough and heterogeneous morphology, whereas on the compressed gel, the cells displayed a smooth and homogeneous morphology. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed the compressed scaffold to contain collagen fibers of regular diameter and similar orientation resembling collagen fibers within the normal cornea. TEM and light microscopy also showed that cell–cell and cell–matrix attachment, stratification, and cell density were superior in LECs expanded upon compressed collagen gels. This study demonstrated that the compressed collagen gel was an excellent biomaterial scaffold highly suited to the construction of an artificial corneal epithelium and a significant improvement upon conventional collagen gels. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Covalent layer‐by‐layer assembly of polyethyleneimine multilayer for antibacterial applications
Authors: He Tao , Chan Vincent 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolyelectrolyte multilayer film (PMF) is conventionally fabricated by the layer‐by‐layer (LBL) assembly of a pair of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes on a substrate through electrostatic attractions. However, the lack of long‐term stability of PMF under physiological conditions limits its application as antimicrobial coating in medical devices. In this study, a stable PMF composed of only polyethyleneimine (PEI) was constructed by covalent LBL deposition. First, the specific buildup of PEI during covalent LBL assembly was validated by UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Second, silver (Ag) nanoparticles were incorporated into PEI multilayers through in situ reduction of Ag+ by the pre‐absorption of NaBH4. It was also shown that the mass of Ag nanoparticle can be controlled by varying multilayer thickness and loading cycles. Bacterial live/dead assay showed that the PEI multilayers effectively killed Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli upon contact formation. The inclusion of Ag nanoparticles in (PEI) film not only enhanced the antimicrobial property against adherent bacteria but also led to the inhibition of the bacteria growth in suspended culture via the long‐term release of Ag+ into the liquid medium. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Bioactive mesopore‐glass microspheres with controllable protein‐delivery properties by biomimetic surface modification
Authors: Wu Chengtie , Zhang Yufeng , Ke Xuebin , Xie Yuxuan , Zhu Huaiyong , Crawford Ross , Xiao Yin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMicrosphere systems with the ideal properties for bone regeneration need to be bioactive, and at the same time possess the capacity for controlled protein/drug‐delivery; however, the current crop of microsphere system fails to fulfill these properties. The aim of this study was to develop a novel protein‐delivery system of bioactive mesoporous glass (MBG) microspheres by a biomimetic method through controlling the density of apatite on the surface of microspheres, for potential bone tissue regeneration. MBG microspheres were prepared by using the method of alginate cross‐linking with Ca2+ ions. The cellular bioactivity of MBG microspheres was evaluated by investigating the proliferation and attachment of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC). The loading efficiency (LE) and release kinetics of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on MBG microspheres were investigated after coprecipitating with biomimetic apatite in simulated body fluids (SBF). The results showed that MBG microspheres supported BMSC attachment and the Si‐containing ionic products from MBG microspheres stimulated BMSCs proliferation. The density of apatite on MBG microspheres increased with the length of soaking time in SBF. BSA‐LE of MBG was significantly enhanced by coprecipitating with apatite. Furthermore, the LE and release kinetics of BSA could be controlled by controlling the density of apatite formed on MBG microspheres. Our results suggest that MBG microspheres are a promising protein‐delivery system as a filling material for bone defect healing and regeneration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
The effects of whole-body vibration training and vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength, muscle mass, and bone density in institutionalized elderly women: A 6-month randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Verschueren Sabine MP , Bogaerts An , Delecluse Christophe , Claessens Albrecht L , Haentjens Patrick , Vanderschueren Dirk , Boonen Steven 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Sarcopenia and osteoporosis represent a growing public health problem. We studied the potential benefit of whole-body vibration (WBV) training given a conventional or a high dose of daily vitamin D supplementation in improving strength, muscle mass, and bone density in postmenopausal women. In a 2 × 2 factorial-design trial, 113 institutionalized elderly females aged over 70 years (mean age 79.6 years) were randomly assigned either to a WBV or a no-training group, receiving either a conventional dose (880 IU/day) or a high dose (1600 IU/day) of vitamin D3. The primary aim was to determine the effects of 6 months of WBV and/or vitamin D supplementation on isometric and dynamic strength, leg muscle mass, and hip bone mineral density (BMD). Additionally, the increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels between conventional and high-dose supplementation was compared. After 6 months of treatment, dynamic muscle strength, hip BMD, and vitamin D serum levels improved significantly in all groups, whereas isometric strength and muscle mass did not change. When compared with no training, the WBV program did not result in additional improvements. When compared with 880 IU, a high dose of 1600 IU of vitamin D did result in higher serum vitamin D levels but did not result in additional improvements. In institutionalized women older than 70 years, the WBV training protocol tested is not more efficient in enhancing muscle mass, strength, and hip BMD compared with vitamin D supplementation. A higher dose of 1600 IU of vitamin D does not provide additional musculoskeletal benefit in this population compared with conventional doses. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Meteorological characteristics and potential causes of the 2007 flood in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Paeth Heiko , Fink Andreas H. , Pohle Susan , Keis Felix , Mächel Hermann , Samimi Cyrus 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn August and September 2007 media and aid organizations reported on a severe flood in large parts of sub‐Saharan Africa caused by a sequence of extreme rain events. However, the reporting was partly controversial and much was speculated about how unusual the flood event was. Here, we analyse various observational data sets in order to assess and to compare the spatio‐temporal characteristics and intensity of the flood and the associated rain events. The return times are estimated from daily precipitation time series at fine spatial resolution, and the potential causes are disclosed in a global and regional context.Satellite data reveal that the flood was not large scale but confined to the main river basins in sub‐Saharan West Africa. Nonetheless, abundant rainfall prevailed over large parts of Western Africa extending north into the Western Sahara, particularly during the second half of August and the beginning of September 2007. In detail, various precipitation data sets differ considerably in terms of the monthly anomalies, demonstrating the difficulty to delineate meteorological extreme events even at a sub‐continental scale and during the most recent past. Return times typically range between 1 and 50 years with high spatial heterogeneity but amount to 1200 years in the regional mean over the Upper Volta Basin. Among the potential causes we identify a La Niña event in the tropical Pacific, anomalous heating in the tropical Atlantic coming along with a greater depth of the monsoonal westerlies, and enhanced activity of African easterly waves, both evident in 2–6 day zonal wind and outgoing longwave radiation variance anomalies. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Raman scattering study of the soft mode in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3
Authors: Taniguchi Hiroki , Itoh Mitsuru , Fu Desheng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSystematic Raman scattering experiments were performed on Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) single crystals to resolve the low‐wavenumber dynamics in the crystal. Careful checking of the angular dependence of the Raman spectra indicated that the intense peak around 45 cm−1, which always smears the low‐wavenumber spectra, stems from the F2g mode due to Mg:Nb = 1:1 chemically ordered Fm3m region. A proper scattering configuration for eliminating the strong F2g mode allowed the observation of the lowest wavenumber soft mode dynamics in PMN. The results revealed the softening of the mode towards Tc with underdamped oscillation. The soft mode becomes overdamped in a wide temperature range above Tc, suggesting the development of cluster dynamics due to polar nanoregions. It recovers the underdamped oscillation and hardens in the high‐temperature region. Finally, the physical picture of the relaxor phenomenon in PMN is discussed in terms of lattice dynamics by comparison with the typical displacive‐type ferroelectric phase transition. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐crystal Raman spectroscopy of natural leiteite (ZnAs2O4) and comparison with the synthesised mineral
Authors: Bahfenne Silmarilly , Rintoul Llew , Frost Ray L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe oriented single‐crystal Raman spectrum of leiteite has been obtained and the spectra related to the structure of the mineral. The intensities of the observed bands vary according to orientation, allowing them to be assigned to either Ag or Bg modes. Ag bands are generally the most intense in the CAAC spectrum, followed by ACCA, CBBC, and ABBA whereas Bg bands are generally the most intense in the CBAC followed by ABCA. The CAAC and ACCA spectra are identical, as are those obtained in the CBBC and ABBA orientations. Both cross‐polarised spectra are identical. Band assignments were made with respect to bridging and non‐bridging AsO bonds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPLC analysis of oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol in stems and roots of Olea europaea L. cv. Picual during ripening
Authors: Ortega‐García Francisca , Peragón Juan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Oleuropein (Ole), hydroxytyrosol (Htyr), and tyrosol (Tyr) are three of the main phenolic compounds present in the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) that have important antioxidant properties. To investigate the role of these phenolic compounds in the metabolism of stems and roots of Olea europaea L. cv. Picual during olive ripening, we identify and quantify the concentration of Htyr, Tyr, and Ole by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). Rain‐fed olive trees, 30 years old, under traditional cultivation were studied in Jaén (Spain). From August to November, seven representative samples of the ripening process were taken.RESULTS: The concentration of these phenolic compounds proved higher in the stems than in the roots. From the middle of September to October the Htyr and Tyr concentration significantly increased in stems. The Ole concentration increased from the middle of September to the end of November. In the roots, the concentration of Htyr and Ole significantly declined during ripening.CONCLUSION: Ole, Htyr, and Tyr are present in the stems and roots of the olive tree and significantly change in concentration during ripening, demonstrating the involvement of these compounds in the metabolism of both organs during this phase. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of tillage and nitrogen fertilisation on triticale grain yield, chemical composition and nutritive value
Authors: Lestingi Antonia , Bovera Fulvia , De Giorgio Donato , Ventrella Domenico , Tateo Alessandra 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Given the interest in the development of cultivation systems with low agronomic input and environmental impact, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of tillage system (conventional tillage (CT), two‐layer tillage (TT), surface tillage (ST) and minimum tillage (MT)) and nitrogen (N) fertilisation rate (0, 50 and 100 kg ha−1) on triticale grain and protein yields, chemical composition and nutritive value.RESULTS: There were no significant differences among tillage treatments in grain and protein yields. ST resulted in significantly higher crude protein (CP) and true soluble protein (TSP) contents as well as in vitro crude protein digestibility (CPD). Neutral detergent fibre concentration was significantly higher with ST than with MT, and this led to a small reduction (2 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)) in in vitro true DM digestibility (IVTDMD). N fertilisation significantly increased grain and protein yields as well as CP, non‐protein nitrogen and TSP contents and CPD. IVTDMD was significantly lower with 0 kg N ha−1 than with 50 and 100 kg N ha−1.CONCLUSION: Reducing tillage intensity improved the CP content and CPD of triticale grain. The application of 50 kg N ha−1 resulted in good grain quality parameters and grain and protein yields. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Peritraumatic distress, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and posttraumatic growth in victims of violence
Authors: Kunst M. J. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study explored whether peritraumatic distress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are curvilinearly related to posttraumatic growth in victims of violence several years after victimization (Time 1; n = 678) and 6 months later (Time 2, n = 205). At both time points, curve estimation revealed linear and quadratic associations between peritraumatic distress and posttraumatic growth and quadratic associations between PTSD symptoms and posttraumatic growth. In multivariate regressions controlling for background variables, the linear peritraumatic distress and quadratic PTSD symptom terms remained significant predictors of posttraumatic growth Time 1 scores. For Time 2, the linear peritraumatic distress term remained significant, though only prior to controlling for posttraumatic growth Time 1 scores. The results suggest that peritraumatic distress enables growth after substantial time has elapsed since victimization.
Omega‐3 Index and cardiovascular disease prevention: principle and rationale
Authors: von Schacky Clemens 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA clearer picture emerges when correlating blood levels of marine omega‐3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) to cardiovascular events than when correlating dietary intake. Therefore, the Omega‐3 Index has been proposed as a novel biomarker of cardiovascular risk. The Omega‐3 Index is defined as the percentage of EPA+DHA in red blood cell (RBC) fatty acids. The definition includes the analytical method, which has been standardized (HS‐Omega‐3 Index) similarly to other routine clinical laboratory parameters. Completed and ongoing research projects (more than 80) indicate that the HS‐Omega‐3 Index presently fulfils many criteria for a novel biomarker for cardiovascular risk. Because the research results are obtained with a standardized methodology, introducing the HS‐Omega‐3 Index into clinical routine is possible.
Low‐intensity laser irradiation stimulates mineralization via increased BMPs in MC3T3‐E1 cells
Authors: Fujimoto Keiko , Kiyosaki Takeshi , Mitsui Narihiro , Mayahara Kotoe , Omasa Saori , Suzuki Naoto , Shimizu Noriyoshi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundPreviously, we reported that low‐intensity laser irradiation accelerated bone formation, and that this mechanism deeply involved insulin‐like growth factor I expression. However, as bone formation is supported by many local factors, the mechanism involved in laser irradiation remains incompletely understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of laser irradiation on the osteogenic response in vitro.MethodsMouse osteoblast‐like cells, MC3T3‐E1, were cultured and were irradiated for 5–20 minutes (0.96–3.82 J/cm2) at the subconfluent stage using a low‐intensity Ga–Al–As diode laser apparatus. After laser irradiation, expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), transcription factors (Runx2, Osterix, Dlx5, Msx2), and phosphorylation of Smad1 were determined, and calcium content of cell cultures was also determined.ResultsIrradiation at 1.91 J/cm2 significantly increased the expression of BMPs and Runx2, Osterix, Dlx5, Msx2, and the phosphorylation of Smad1. Noggin, a BMP receptor blocker, inhibited the laser‐induced Runx2 expression and phosphorylation of Smad1. Moreover, laser irradiation significantly increased the calcium content of cell cultures, and noggin inhibited this increase.ConclusionThese results suggest that low‐intensity laser irradiation stimulates in vitro mineralization via increased expression of BMPs and transcription factors associated with osteoblast differentiation. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:519–526, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial signaling for histamine releases in laser‐irradiated RBL‐2H3 mast cells
Authors: Wu Zu‐Hui , Zhou Yu , Chen Ji‐Yao , Zhou Lu‐Wei 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe low power laser irradiation (LPLI) can promote the wound healing, but the mechanism is still not fully understood. We have found in our previous work that the LPLI induces mast cells to release the histamine and thus suggested that the increased histamine release is probably one of the causes for promoting the wound healing since mast cells have been found to play positive roles in the process of wound healing. This study aims to explore the mechanism of histamine release in RBL‐2H3 mast cells under laser irradiations.Materials and MethodsThe wavelength effect of laser irradiations, the permeability function of mitochondrial membrane, the Bcl‐2 effect, the cytosolic alkalinization and the increment of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), on histamine release in RBL‐2H3 cells were studied, respectively, with the corresponding fluorescence probes.ResultsThe action bands of laser irradiations were consistent with the absorption bands of cytochrome c oxidase, suggesting that cytochrome c oxidase is the photoacceptor. After laser irradiation, (1) the cytochrome c releases from mitochondrial to cytosol reflecting an increased permeability of mitochondrial membrane, (2) the cytosolic alkalinization appears, (3) [Ca2+]i increases, and (4) finally the enhancement of histamine release occurs. When Bcl‐2 was used to inhibit the permeability of mitochondrial membrane these cellular signaling from (1) to (4) were all suppressed obviously.ConclusionAs a photoacceptor, cytochrome c oxidase absorbs incident photons and initiates the mitochondrial signaling. When the signals are transferred from the mitochondrial to the cytosol, the cytosolic alkalinization appears leading to the opening of a Ca2+ channel on the membrane, the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV), and an increment of [Ca2+]i. The increased [Ca2+]i consequently mediates an enhanced histamine release. Such a responding chain is a suggested mechanism to understand the histamine release in RBL‐2H3 cells under laser irradiations. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:503–509, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.