bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Result‐reconstruction method to return useful XML elements
Authors: Keyaki Atsushi , Hatano Kenji , Miyzaki Jun 
Published: November 2011

PurposeNowadays there are a large number of XML documents on the web. This means that information retrieval techniques for searching XML documents are very important and necessary for internet users. Moreover, it is often said that users of search engines want to browse only relevant content in each document. Therefore, an effective XML element search aims to produce only the relevant elements or portions of an XML document. Based on the demand by users, the purpose of this paper is to propose and evaluate a method for obtaining more accurate search results in XML search.Design/methodology/approachThe existing approaches generate a ranked list in descending order of each XML element's relevance to a search query; however, these approaches often extract irrelevant XML elements and overlook more relevant elements. To address these problems, the authors' approach extracts the relevant XML elements by considering the size of the elements and the relationships between the elements. Next, the authors score the XML elements to generate a refined ranked list. For scoring, the authors rank high the XML elements that are the most relevant to the user's information needs. In particular, each XML element is scored using the statistics of its descendant and ancestor XML elements.FindingsThe experimental evaluations show that the proposed method outperforms BM25E, a conventional approach, which neither reconstructs XML elements nor uses descendant and ancestor statistics. As a result, the authors found that the accuracy of an XML element search can be improved by reconstructing the XML elements and emphasizing the informative ones by applying the statistics of the descendant XML elements.Research limitations/implicationsThis work focused on the effectiveness of XML element search and the authors did not consider the search efficiency in this paper. One of the authors' next challenges is to reduce search time.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a method for improving the effectiveness of XML element search.
Load distribution by using Web Workers for a real‐time web application
Authors: Okamoto Shusuke , Kohana Masaki 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a load distribution technique for a web server. It utilizes Web Workers, which is a new feature of Javascript.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have been implementing a web‐based MORPG as an interactive, real‐time web application; previously, the web server alone was responsible for manipulating the behavior of all the game characters. As more users logged in, the workload on the server was increased. Hence, the authors have implemented a technique whereby the CPU load of the server is distributed among the clients.FindingsThe authors found that some caching mechanism is useful for utilizing client‐side calculation. The caching suppresses the increase of communication load. A performance evaluation reveals that the technique plays a role in decreasing the CGI latency of both low‐end server and high‐end server. The average latency is reduced to 59.5 percent of the original system.Originality/valueWeb Workers allows scripts to be executed with keeping the page response on a web browser. It is intended to be used for raising user experience. This technique utilizes Web Workers for a web server to distribute the load to its clients.
Modelling a web site quality‐based recommendation system
Authors: Rohrer Edelweis , Motz Regina , Diaz Alicia 
Published: November 2011

PurposeWeb site recommendation systems help to get high quality information. The modelling of recommendation systems involves the combination of many features: metrics of quality, quality criteria, recommendation criteria, user profile, and specific domain concepts, among others. At the moment of the specification of a recommendation system it must be guaranteed a right interrelation of all of these features. The purpose of this paper is to model a web site quality‐based recommendation system by an ontology network.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors propose an ontology network based process for web site recommendation modelling. The ontology network conceptualizes the different domains (web site domain, quality assurance domain, user context domain, recommendation criteria domain, specific domain) in a set of interrelated ontologies. Particularly, this approach is illustrated for the health domain.FindingsBasically, this work introduces the semantic relationships that were used to construct this ontology network. Moreover, it shows the usefulness of this ontology network for the detection of possible inconsistencies when specifying recommendation criteria.Originality/valueRecommendation systems based on ontologies that model the user profile and the domain of resources to be recommended are quite common. However, it is uncommon to find models that explicitly represent the criteria used by the recommender systems, that express the quality dimensions of resources and on which criteria are applied, and consider the user context at the moment of the query.
Behavioral aspects of cell phone usage among youth: an exploratory study
Authors: Haverila Matti 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate cell phone use and broad cell phone feature preferences among youth in Finland. Of particular interest is the issue of gender differences regarding the behavioral aspects of the cell phones, and their conceptualization.Design/methodology/approachThe participants of the study are undergraduate students from a large university located in Tampere, Finland. The JMP 1‐2‐3‐software was used for statistical analysis.FindingsSignificant differences between genders regarding the behavioral factors and specific behaviors were identified in three out of six behavioral factors and in 14 out 30 specific behaviors. The conceptualization of the cell phone behaviors by different genders was analyzed, and differences in the conceptualization were discovered. Finally a cluster analysis was performed with both genders in order to discover distinct and unique user groups on the basis of the differences in the behavioral variables.Practical implicationsDesigners and marketers of cell phones should pay attention to behavioral aspects of cell phone usage. In addition gender differences in these behaviors and their conceptualizations should be carefully appraised.Originality/valueCell phone behaviors and the relevant customer clusters are compared. Also the conceptualization of the broad cell phone behaviors between the genders are compared.
Generation Y's athlete role model perceptions on PWOM behaviour
Authors: Buksa Ivan , Mitsis Ann 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine whether the Generation Y segment in Australia perceive athletes as role models, and if so, do they engage in positive word‐of‐mouth (POWM) recommendation behaviour. This paper also explores the influence of gender and English language enculturation on PWOM recommendation behaviours of Generation Y.Design/methodology/approachInterviewer administered questionnaires were conducted on members of Generation Y in Melbourne, Australia. A series of correlation and OLS regression analyses were performed on a sample of 221 Generation Y consumers.FindingsThis study found that Generation Y generally perceives athletes as role models and this influenced the Generation Y segment to engage in POWM recommendation behaviours for products/services/brands endorsed by the athlete role model. The results indicate that gender does not play a significant role in this process. However non‐English language enculturated members of Generation Y were found to be more likely to engage in POWM recommendation behaviours for endorsed products/services/brands.Practical implicationsAthlete endorsement strategies are expected to be effective in reaching and communicating with the lucrative Generation Y population. As a result, firms and marketing practitioners should strongly consider utilising favourite athletes of Generation Y to endorse products/services/brands to this consumer segment.Originality/valuePast studies suggest that gender is a common differentiator in Generation Y's willingness to engage in POWM recommendation behaviour about endorsed products/services/brands by their favourite athlete. This study suggests that English language enculturation may be more effective in differentiating such behaviour, particularly in an Australian context.
An empirical investigation of the variations in direct‐to‐consumer prescription drug advertising
Authors: Sen Kabir C. 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe present paper aims to understand the underpinnings of the variations in brand level direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) advertising through a two‐part study. First, it seeks to examine the various influences on advertising intensity (operationalized by advertising to sales ratios) in the context of DTC advertising. Second, it aims to analyze how changes in share of voice impact changes in market share.Design/methodology/approachData on brand level advertising as well as sales were collected from different government and industry sources. This is used to compute the ratio of DTC advertising to sales as well as changes in share of voice, market share and average drug prices. A log‐log model is used to find parameter estimates based on OLS regression.FindingsMarket share has a negative influence on the ratio of advertising to sales. Drugs which have a greater degree of innovation (as judged by the FDA) appear to spend more on DTC advertising relative to sales. The paper also finds that an increase in share of voice is not associated with increased average drug prices, but is related to a growth of market share because of a change in the share of total prescriptions dispensed.Originality/valueThe paper is one of the few to examine the factors influencing advertising to sales ratios in the context of DTC advertising. It is also one of the first to investigate the relationship of changes in the share of voice with changes in market share.
Orphan drugs: pricing, reimbursement and patient access
Authors: Barak Adam , Shankar Nandi Jyoti 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThis article aims to provide a description of principal aspects of policy and practice associated with orphan drugs and treatments of rare diseases, and give perspectives for 2011 on new and emerging approaches for addressing patient access.Design/methodology/approachInformation has been synthesized from a wide variety of sources including the authors' experience and familiarity with this topic, having over the past ten years developed market access strategies for many orphan drugs. This is supplemented by pertinent information from conferences, meetings and articles published over the last 20 years and from policy documents released by relevant regulatory bodies.FindingsWhile a small number of people suffer from any one rare disease, approximately 30 million in the EU and 25 million in the USA are affected by such diseases. Annual orphan drug treatment costs may approach $500,000. High costs coupled with relatively sparse supportive clinical data and difficulty in meeting standard cost‐effectiveness benchmarks raise significant issues for payers in allocating finite budgetary resources. Since the US (1983) and European (European Parliament, 2000) orphan drug regulations were approved, hundreds of agents have been granted orphan status although many fewer have achieved marketing authorization. Agencies have introduced a slew of incentives to help sponsors develop and market orphan medicinal products. The nature and focus of the programs are undergoing a metamorphosis as access to funding is becoming as important as supporting development.Originality/valueThe article represents a contemporary examination of orphan drug policy and practice, bringing together historic elements which influenced practice up to 2010 and the latest, emerging trends and approaches which stakeholders are now embracing and which will shape procedures from 2011.
Yin yang and company growth: a case study of a coal company of Shanxi in China
Authors: Li Jingfeng , Wang Jiguang , Fan Wenbin 
Published: November 2011

PurposeChina has long been dedicated to introducing the Western management ideas to the local enterprise practice. But the situation has changed since the financial crisis, and the China model has become a hot word with its fast recovery from crisis. Moreover, Chinese traditional culture has become increasingly popular. Yin and yang are the most familiar Chinese philosophical terms to Western minds, and also the core concept of Chinese Taoist philosophy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the yin yang or lao‐tzu influences a firm's core competence and performance, and to demonstrate that the Taoist‐oriented Chinese culture remains meaningful and in many situations powerful in enterprise practice.Design/methodology/approachA case study is carried out from Town Star Ltd, established in 2001, and located in Linfen city, Shanxi province, China, a city which topped the list of the world's most polluted cities. It is an integrated joint‐stock company, specializing in coal coking chemical industry, gardening, logistics and technology development. Based on the humanized management doctrine, the company has formed the 5S management model which boosts its rapid and sustainable development. It coped well in major junctures such as industry restructuring and transferring, financial crisis, etc. Five key dimensions of the yin and yang, which were applied to the leader's daily behaviors and management style, are: Wu‐wei (inaction), Wu (emptiness), hardness with softness, moderation and He‐xie (harmony). First, this paper built a dynamic company growth model based on this philosophy which enhanced the core competitiveness effectively by emotional management innovation and personalized HRM, among which its pivotal regulator of variables is just yin yang conversion degree. Then an approach is provided to validate the model with empirical data collected from the years 2001‐2010 (2001‐2005, 2006‐2008, 2009‐2010) of Town Star Ltd.FindingsIt is demonstrated that yin yang ideology embedded in the company growth model organically is an important means to increase marginal benefit. In practice, the firm with yin yang philosophical ideology would shape a management paradigm which combined rules and human nature appropriately to a family‐oriented business atmosphere. Based on the above philosophical wisdom, Town Star Ltd has harvested good economic and social benefits, strong core competence through the elaborately constructed unique management model and harmonious humanity environment.Originality/valueThis paper opens an avenue for indigenous firms, as a framework for guiding management research and practice in coping with the post‐crisis era. In addition, it is expected to attract more attention from scholars, entrepreneurs both in China and in the rest of the world, to contribute to knowledge creation in Chinese management studies.
Generator maintenance management using bio‐inspired search algorithm
Authors: Subramanian S. , Anandhakumar R. , Ganesan S. 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to solve the maintenance management problems of generating units under the reliability criterion.Design/methodology/approachThe problem has been formulated as a combinatorial optimization task, with explicit and simultaneous treatment of multiple objectives: maximization of reliability, minimization of fuel costs and minimization of constraint violations. This paper formulates a general generator maintenance management (GMM) problem using a reliability criterion and a novel bio‐inspired search technique, namely, artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is applied to determine the optimal generator maintenance schedule.FindingsA novel meta‐heuristic search technique based algorithm has been developed to determine the optimal maintenance schedule of generating units to improve the system reliability.Originality/valueThe contribution of the paper is that an efficient bio‐inspired algorithm based solution technique has been developed to solve a very important problem for a power utility, i.e. the economical and reliable operation of a power system.
Development of fuzzy cognitive map (FCM)‐based scenarios for wind energy
Authors: Amer Muhammad , Jetter Antonie , Daim Tugrul 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore a very new approach of creating scenarios with fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM); specifically to create scenarios for wind energy deployment.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper a small exercise is conducted to illustrate the usefulness of FCM‐based scenarios.FindingsScenario‐based planning is often used in technology management and scenarios are generated to cater for uncertainty and facilitate development of responsive and robust strategic plans. Scenario analysis helps to identify different alternatives of the future state of technologies, needs, policies and environment. Scenario planning helps to overcome thinking limitations by presenting multiple futures. FCMs are based on causal cognitive maps and combine the benefits of both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Domain knowledge of multiple experts can be integrated into an FCM to present collective knowledge base.Originality/valueThis is a conceptual paper exploring use of fuzzy cognitive maps to create scenarios for wind energy deployment. The paper provides scenarios and a way to integrate them into technology roadmaps.
Use of shift work in globally distributed software development
Authors: Wickramasinghe Vathsala , De Silva Chandana 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore information technology (IT) professionals' perception towards shift‐based work pattern used by globally distributed software development (GDSD) firms in Sri Lanka, in terms of the effects of shift work on them and strategies they used to cope with shift work.Design/methodology/approachA self‐administered survey questionnaire was chosen as the mode for data collection. Descriptive statistics and factor analysis were used for data analysis.FindingsThe findings led to identifying the characteristics of shift work environment, benefits and drawbacks of shift work for IT professionals, strategies used by IT professionals to cope with shift work, and their overall evaluation of the shift work environment.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the questionnaire survey provided access to breadth of experience. If qualitative data had also been obtained they could have provided depth by adding insight and substance to the questionnaire survey.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study suggest that shift work creates problems for IT professionals' health that call for improvements in the areas that are deleterious while retaining or enhancing those that are beneficial for the shift‐based workforce.Social implicationsThe paper provides an understanding of the consequences of shift work for the rhythm of minds and bodies, families and social lives and the routines of rest of the community, and ways to cope with shift work may help the industry to flourish at large.Originality/valueMinimal literature has been found specific to the cohort of IT professionals engaged full‐time in GDSD on shift basis with respect to their view of it and issues related to their employment arrangement. It is expected that the findings of this study will provide insight into benefits, challenges and issues associated with shift work to allow individuals and organizational leaders to better understand and utilize shift‐based work pattern in GDSD. Further, it is expected that the findings of this study will be a source of general guidance in stimulating future research in this area.
Factors influencing the outsourcing decisions: a study of the banking sector in India
Authors: Jain Ravi Kumar , Natarajan Ramachandran 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThis paper is an empirical study of outsourcing practices in the banking sector in India. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the impact of factors which influence the decision makers' attitude towards outsourcing.Design/methodology/approachBased on a review of the existing literature, an attitudinal model of outsourcing was developed. This model was used to: identify the key factors of benefits, risks, roadblocks, and criticality of outsourcing; develop the instrument to measure the factors; and formulate hypotheses concerning the impact of these factors. The constructs in the instrument that measured these factors were validated by factor analysis.FindingsThe impacts of perceived benefits, perceived roadblocks, and perceived criticality on the attitudes towards outsourcing were found to be strong and statistically significant. The impact of perceived risk was weak and statistically insignificant. The model explaining the combined impact of these four factors on outsourcing attitudes was also statistically significant.Research limitations/implicationsAn important insight from this study is that the clients, at least in the banking sector in India, tend to value in outsourcing quality factors such as process improvement, services improvement and cost transparency more than cost savings. The results of the study provide a basis for rethinking the value proposition offered by outsourcing vendors and for refocusing the research on outsourcing of services in particular.Originality/valueWhile most studies on outsourcing tend to be theoretical and/or focus on outsourcing from developed to developing countries, this is an empirical study focusing on outsourcing by organizations based in developing countries such as India. Therefore, the results are not confounded by differences in culture‐specific communications, business practices, and regulatory regimes between the countries.
Factors influencing Shaanxi and Gansu farmers' willingness to purchase weather insurance
Authors: Kong Rong , Turvey Calum G. , He Guangwen , Ma Jiujie , Meagher Patrick 
Published: November 2011

PurposeChina frequently suffers from weather‐related natural disasters and weather risk is recognized as a source of wide‐spread systemic risk throughout large swaths of China. During these periods farmers' crops are at risk and for a largely poor population few can afford the turmoil to livelihoods that goes along with drought. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the willingness of Shaanxi and Gansu farmers to purchase weather insurance.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on surveyed results of 890 farm households in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. The survey was designed specifically to extract willingness to pay for weather insurance. Factor affecting willingness to pay are explained using linear regression.FindingsThe authors find strong evidence that the demand for drought insurance is downward sloping and also believe from the analysis that the demand is fairly elastic. This suggests that price matters and the results suggest that in order for wide spread adoption of weather insurance farmers will require a substantial premium, perhaps in the order of 80 per cent, as is being applied to current crop insurance initiatives. The authors find, as expected, that crop producers would be willing to pay more for insurance than livestock producers, but also find, as one would expect, that the key indicator is risk. Using a Pert distribution, the authors constructed from information gathered from farmers the expected values and standard deviations of gross revenues and yields of the most prominent crop and constructed the coefficient of variation. It was found in both cases that the higher the CV the greater the willingness to pay.Originality/valueThe authors believe that this is the first willingness‐to‐pay study of weather insurance uptake in China. The authors used a unique “experimental” design and investigation technique to determine weather insurance demand.