bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video Recording Study of Infants Undergoing Primary Cheiloplasty: Are Arm Restraints Really Needed?
Authors: Tokioka Kazuyuki , Park Susam , Sugawara Yasushi , Nakatsuka Takashi 
Published: September 2009

Objective: Arm restraints are traditionally used during the perioperative period for cleft surgery to prevent the affected infant from damaging the wound, but the benefits of this standard practice have been controversial. To investigate whether the use of arm restraints provides any benefit to the patient, a video recording study of infants undergoing primary cheiloplasty was conducted. Design: Analysis of video recordings of infants undergoing cheiloplasty. Setting: Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan. Patients and Methods: Eight patients who underwent primary cheiloplasty were recorded for 24 hours on the day before the operation, the day of the operation, and the fourth postoperative day. All recordings were examined by the first author, and the frequency and manner of lip touching were evaluated. Results: Although the frequency of touching varied considerably from 2 to 136 times per 24 hours, it was not statistically different among the 3 recording days (Friedman test, p > .05). All infants touched their lips softly and never attempted to manipulate or scratch their wound. None of the patients pinched the stitches or adhesive tape on the wound with their hands. Conclusions: Although the examined infants touched their lips, they never touched them in a manner that would be harmful to the wound. We concluded that arm restraints are unnecessary after primary cheiloplasty if the procedure is performed before the age of 3 or 4 months.
Complete Avulsion of the Extensor Mechanism of a Finger with Simultaneous Dislocation of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
Authors: Xarchas K.C , Tilkeridis K , Kitsikidou G , Pelekas S.I , Verettas D.A 
Published: September 2009

We report a rare case of open dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, associated with simultaneous avulsion of the central band and distal insertion of the extensor mechanism, rapture of the proximal volar plate, and rapture of the ulnar collateral ligament of the PIP joint.
Although isolated IP joint injuries are common, they rarely occur simultaneously in a single finger. Even more rarely are they accompanied by a complete avulsion of the extensor mechanism. Operative restoration of the injured structures is a necessity in order to achieve a good functional outcome.
An initial forceful flexion of the finger resulting to rapture of the extensor apparatus and then followed by finger hyperextension and PIP joint dislocation is our perception of the possible mechanism of this extremely rare injury.
Longterm Survival Among Patients with Scleroderma-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Treated with Intravenous Epoprostenol
Authors: BADESCH DAVID B. , McGOON MICHAEL D. , BARST ROBIN J. , TAPSON VICTOR F. , RUBIN LEWIS J. , WIGLEY FREDRICK M. , KRAL KENNETH M. , RAPHIOU IBRAHIM H. , CRATER GLENN D. 
Published: September 2009

Objective.Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains challenging to treat, especially in association with scleroderma. We examined survival rates among patients with PAH in association with scleroderma who received epoprostenol (Flolan®) through continuous intravenous (IV) infusion in an uncontrolled open-label 3-year extension study following an initial randomized, controlled 12-week study.Methods.One hundred two patients diagnosed with PAH in association with scleroderma who received epoprostenol were included in the analyses. This included 51 PAH patients from a subject population of 56 who received epoprostenol in the randomized controlled study, and 46 patients from an initial population of 55 subjects on conventional therapy in the randomized controlled study, who received epoprostenol in the extension study. All patients in this extension study received open-label epoprostenol. Adverse events, survival, and dosing information were collected throughout the study.Results.The probabilities of survival during the first and second years for all subjects who received epoprostenol during the initial randomized controlled study or during the extension study were 0.71 and 0.52, respectively. This measure remained constant at 0.48 during the third and fourth years.Conclusion.This study reports longterm survival rates for patients with scleroderma-associated PAH treated with IV epoprostenol. Although comparisons to historical data should be made with caution, this study reports a better survival outcome than natural history data on patients with scleroderma-associated PAH.
The Reason for Discontinuation of the First Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Blocking Agent Does Not Influence the Effect of a Second TNF Blocking Agent in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: BLOM MARLIES , KIEVIT WIETSKE , FRANSEN JAAP , KUPER INA H. , den BROEDER ALFONS A. , De GENDT CARLA M.A. , JANSEN TIM L. , BRUS HERMAN L.M. , van de LAAR MART A.F.J. , van RIEL PIET L.C.M. 
Published: September 2009

Objective.To investigate whether the reason for discontinuation of the first tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocking agent influences the effect of a second TNF blocking agent.Methods.Data were used from 2 Dutch registries including patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with TNF blocking agents. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on reason for discontinuation of the first: nonresponse, loss of response, or adverse events. The primary outcome was the change from baseline of the disease activity (by DAS28) at 6 months, corrected for the baseline DAS28 score. Secondary outcomes were the change from baseline at 3 months, EULAR response rates, and the percentages of patients who reached a DAS28 score ≤ 3.2 at 3 and at 6 months.Results.In total, 49 patients who failed due to nonresponse, 75 due to loss of response, and 73 due to adverse events were included. At 6 months, the change of DAS28 score from baseline did not differ significantly between the groups (−0.6 to −1.3; p ≥ 0.173) and similar good and moderate response rates were found (12% to 18%, p ≥ 0.523, and 34% to 55%, p ≥ 0.078, respectively). The secondary outcomes were also comparable between the 3 groups.Conclusion.The results of our observational study suggest that a second TNF blocking agent may be effective after failure of the first, regardless of the reason for discontinuation of the first TNF blocking agent.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), PBC Autoantibodies, and Hepatic Parameter Abnormalities in a Large Population of Systemic Sclerosis Patients
Authors: ASSASSI SHERVIN , FRITZLER MARVIN J. , ARNETT FRANK C. , NORMAN GARY L. , SHAH KAIRAV R. , GOURH PRAVITT , MANEK NEIL , PERRY MARILYN , GANESH DEVI , RAHBAR MOHAMMAD H. , MAYES MAUREEN D. 
Published: September 2009

Objective.To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA), sp100, and gp210 antibodies for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in a large population of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc); to examine concordance of these antibodies with subsets of SSc. Further, to assess the association of SSc-related antibodies with hepatic parameter abnormalities.Methods.We obtained medical records to verify the diagnoses of SSc and PBC. Sera from all participants were examined for the presence of SSc- and PBC-related antibodies, as well as for abnormalities in hepatic parameters.Results.We examined 817 patients with SSc, of whom 16 (2%) had confirmed PBC. The sensitivity and specificity of AMA by a MIT3 ELISA for PBC were 81.3% and 94.6%, respectively. Sp100 had a sensitivity and specificity of 31.3% and 97.4%, respectively, while gp210 had an even lower sensitivity. We were able to detect all PBC cases using AMA(MIT3) and sp100 as a combined marker, resulting in a significantly improved sensitivity of 100% (p = 0.042) with an incremental decrease in specificity to 92.6%. Independent of AMA or sp100 status, there was an association of anticentromere B (CENP-B) and anti-topoisomerase antibodies (ATA) with higher alkaline phosphatase levels (p = 0.051 and p = 0.003, respectively) while anti-RNA polymerase III (anti-RNAP) was associated with lower alkaline phosphatase levels (p = 0.019) among the patients with SSc.Conclusion.Utilization of AMA(MIT3) and sp100 antibodies as a combined diagnostic marker leads to an improved detection of PBC in patients with SSc. CENP-B and ATA are associated with alkaline phosphatase elevation.
B Cell Receptor and BAFF Receptor Signaling Regulation of B Cell Homeostasis
Authors: Khan Wasif N. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
B lymphocyte homeostasis depends on tonic and induced BCR signaling and receptors sensitive to trophic factors, such as B cell-activating factor receptor (BAFF-R or BR3) during development and maintenance. This review will discuss growing evidence suggesting that the signaling mechanisms that maintain B cell survival and metabolic fitness during selection at transitional stages and survival after maturation rely on cross-talk between BCR and BR3 signaling. Recent findings have also begun to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying this crosstalk. In this review I also propose a model for regulating the amplitude of BCR signaling by a signal amplification loop downstream of the BCR involving Btk and NF-κB that may facilitate BCR-dependent B cell survival as well as its functional coupling to BR3 for the growth and survival of B lymphocytes.
Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Restoration Syndrome in HIV-1-Infected Patients Involves Tuberculin-Specific CD4 Th1 Cells and KIR-Negative γδ T Cells
Authors: Bourgarit Anne , Carcelain Guislaine , Samri Assia , Parizot Christophe , Lafaurie Matthieu , Abgrall Sophie , Delcey Veronique , Vicaut Eric , Sereni Daniel , Autran Brigitte ,   the PARADOX Study Group
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB)-associated immune restoration syndrome (IRS) is a frequent event (10 to 30%) in HIV-1-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment and is associated with an increased number of IFN-γ-producing tuberculin-specific cells. To further understand the immune mechanisms of TB-IRS and to identify predictive factors, we prospectively analyzed the Th1 and TCRγδ T cells known to be involved in mycobacterial defenses and dendritic cells at baseline and after antiretroviral and TB treatment in 24 HIV-1+ patients, 11 with and 13 without IRS. At baseline, these two groups differed by significantly lower proportions of TCRγδ and Vδ2+ T cells displaying the inhibitory receptors CD94/NKG2 and CD158ah,b in IRS patients. The two groups did not differ in the baseline characteristics of CD8 or CD4 T cells or TLR-2 expression on monocytes or myeloid/plasmacytoid dendritic cells. During IRS, the increase in tuberculin-specific IFN-γ-producing cells involved only highly activated effector memory multifunctional (IFN-γ+TNF-α+IL-2−) CD4 T cells, whereas activated HLA-DR+ CD4+ T cells also increased during IRS. In contrast, dendritic cells decreased significantly during IRS and there were no changes in TLR-2 expression. Finally, the Vδ2+ T cells, mostly killer Ig-related receptor (KIR) (CD94/NKG2− and CD158−), significantly peaked during IRS but not in non-IRS patients. In conclusion, IRS is associated with an increase in the number of activated tuberculin-specific effector memory CD4 T cells and of KIR−Vδ2+ TCRγδ+ T cells. Higher proportions of Vδ2+TCRγδ+ T cells lacking KIR expression are present as baseline and distinguish patients who will develop IRS from those who will not.
In‐court versus out‐of‐court testimonies: Children's experiences and adults' assessments
Authors: Landström Sara , Granhag Pär Anders 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe study examined the effects of different presentation modes on child witnesses' experiences and adults' perception and assessments of the same witnesses. Child witnesses (N = 108) were interviewed about an event that they had either experienced or imagined. Adult mock jurors (N = 240) watched the children's testimonies live, via two‐way closed‐circuit television (CCTV), or via a pre‐recorded video. The results showed that the live observers perceived the children in more positive terms than did the two‐way CCTV observers, who in turn perceived the children in more positive terms than did the video observers. Briefly, it seems as the more proximal the presentation mode, the more positive the observers' perception. Somewhat in contrast to these results, a significantly smaller proportion of the children who testified on video stated that they were nervous, compared to the children who testified live or via two‐way CCTV. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production of ultrapure hydrogen in a PdAg membrane reactor using noble metal supported on La‐based oxides. Modeling for the dry reforming of methane reaction
Authors: Múnera J. F. , Coronel L. , Faroldi B. , Carrara C. , Lombardo E. A. , Cornaglia L. M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA review is presented here of our previous contributions concerning the production of ultrapure hydrogen through the dry reforming of methane conducted in a membrane reactor. The reaction equilibration ratio is the criterion to compare the catalytic performance of the La‐based catalysts used in these studies. The solids were characterized by Laser Raman, X‐ ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and temperature‐programmed reduction. The different behaviors are discussed taking into account the characterization results. To predict the influence of key process variables on conversion and product composition, a mathematical model is proposed to simulate the membrane reactor built around a palladium–silver membrane with 100% hydrogen selectivity. This study uses the kinetic equations developed for the dry reforming reaction on a Rh/La2O3 catalyst. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Muscle Fiber Population and Biochemical Properties of Whole Body Muscles in Thoroughbred Horses
Authors: Kawai Minako , Minami Yoshio , Sayama Yukiko , Kuwano Atsutoshi , Hiraga Atsushi , Miyata Hirofumi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe examine the muscle fiber population and metabolic properties of skeletal muscles from the whole body in Thoroughbred horses. Postmortem samples were taken from 46 sites in six Thoroughbred horses aged between 3 and 6 years. Fiber type population was determined on muscle fibers stained with monoclonal antibody to each myosin heavy chain isoform and metabolic enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Histochemical analysis demonstrated that most of the muscles had a high percentage of Type IIa fibers. In terms of the muscle characteristic in several parts of the horse body, the forelimb muscles had a higher percentage of Type IIa fiber and a significantly lower percentage of Type IIx fiber than the hindlimb muscles. The muscle fiber type populations in the thoracic and trunk portion were similar to those in the hindlimb portion. Biochemical analysis indicated high succinate dehydrogenase activity in respiratory‐related muscle and high phosphofructokinase activity in hindlimbs. We suggested that the higher percentage of Type IIa fibers in Thoroughbred racehorses is attributed to training effects. To consider further the physiological significance of each part of the body, data for the recruitment pattern of each muscle fiber type during exercise are needed. The muscle fiber properties in this study combined with the recruitment data would provide fundamental information for physiological and pathological studies in Thoroughbred horses. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FK506 Protects Against Various Immune Responses and Secondary Degeneration Following Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Brecht Stephan , Waetzig Vicki , Hidding Ute , Hanisch Uwe‐Karsten , Walther Michael , Herdegen Thomas , Neiss Wolfram F. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe immunsuppressant FK506 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) reduces the infarct size following 90 min occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo) in adult rat brain. Here we have investigated the effect of FK506 on cerebral immune cells that are considered to contribute to neurodegeneration. FK506 substantially attenuated the response of resident and peripheral immune cells following transient ischemia. Between 24 hr and 5 days after MCAo, FK506 reduced the T‐cell infiltration in the infarct area as well as the presence of activated and/or phagocytic OX‐18, OX‐42, GSA‐IB4, Iba1, and ED1 positive microglia/macrophages. FK506 also lowered the protein levels of TNFα and IL‐2 in ischemic brain areas. Repetitive application of FK506 over 20 days attenuated the activation of microglia in the substantia nigra (SN), an area of secondary degeneration. Importantly, FK506 conferred also lasting protection of the neurons of SN; these neurons degenerate by withdrawal of neurotrophic factors from the striatum that undergoes necrotic death as part of the ischemic core. To understand the molecular basis of FK506 effects in cerebral immune cells, we determined in primary postnatal day 0/1 (P0/P1) microglia (i) the expression of the FK506 binding proteins FKBP12, FKBP52, and FKPB65 and (ii) that FK506 (1–100 ng/mL) lowered the number of resting or lipopolysaccharide stimulated microglia as well as we induced the lipopolysaccharide release of TNFα in a dose‐dependent manner. In summary, FK506 confers rescue of brain tissue following cerebral ischemia not only by neuronal protection, but also by suppression of microglial activation and peripheral immune responses. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Remodeling Patterns of Occipital Growth: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Kranioti Elena F. , Rosas Antonio , GarcÍA‐Vargas Samuel , Estalrrich Almudena , Bastir Markus , PeÑA‐MeliÁN ÁNgel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractOccipital growth depends on coordinated deposition and resorption on the external and internal surface and includes interrelated processes of movement: cortical drift, displacement, and relocation. The current work aspires to map patterns of remodeling activity on the endocranial surface of the occipital bone from childhood to adulthood using a larger study sample compared with previous studies. The study sample consists of 5 adult and 10 immature (2¼ to 8 years old) occipital bones from skeletal remains from the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Preparation of the samples includes the elaboration of negative impressions, positive replicas coated with gold, and observed with the reflected light microscope. Cerebellar fossae are typically resorptive in both immature and adult specimens. Cerebral fossae, on the other hand, exhibit a resorptive surface in early childhood and turn into depository around the age of 7 years, which places this transition within the age interval of the completion of cerebral development. Depository fields are also observed in adult cerebral fossae. The remodeling map presented here is consistent with the results of Mowbray (Anat Rec B New Anat 2005;283B:14–22) and differs from cellular patterns described by Enlow. Future research implicating more elements of the neurocapsule can shed light on the factors affecting and driving occipital growth. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The wider importance of cadavers: Educational and research diversity from a body bequest program
Authors: Cornwall Jon , Stringer Mark D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe debate surrounding the use of cadavers in teaching anatomy has focused almost exclusively on the pedagogic role of cadaver dissection in medical education. The aim of this study was to explore the wider aspects of a body bequest program for teaching and research into gross anatomy in a University setting. A retrospective audit was undertaken on body donation and the use of cadaver specimens for teaching and research at our institution between 1876 and 2009. The body bequest program, first established in 1943, now receives more than 40 donations per year. In addition to the medical course, nine other University degrees and courses currently use cadaver specimens for gross anatomy; four of these are research degrees and the remainder undergraduate degrees and courses. The use of cadaver specimens by non‐University groups has also increased, particularly during the past decade, such that there are now 16 different groups using cadaver specimens for instructional courses; most of these are professional medical courses. The use of cadavers for both research and teaching may encourage a more evidence‐based approach to clinical anatomy. This unique audit, spanning more than a century of anatomy education within a single University Medical School, highlights the utility of a robust body bequest program and the wide range of students and health professionals who interact with this precious resource. Anat Sci Educ 2:234–237, 2009 © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
A GFP‐based method facilitates clonal selection of transfected CHO cells
Authors: Freimark Denise , Jèrôme Valèrie , Freitag Ruth 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe identification of highly expressing clones is a crucial step in the development of cell lines for production of recombinant proteins. Here we present a method based on the co‐expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) that allows clonal selection in standard 96‐well cell culture plates. The genes encoding the EGFP protein and the protein of interest are linked by an internal ribosome entry site and thus are transcribed into the same mRNA but are translated independently. Since both proteins arise from a common mRNA, the EGFP expression level correlates with the expression level of the therapeutic protein for each clone. By expressing recombinant growth factors in CHO cells, we demonstrate the robustness and performance of this technique. The method is an alternative to the identification of high‐producer clones using various cell sorting methods, as it can be performed with standard laboratory equipment.
Direct real‐time imaging of protein adsorption onto hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Haward Simon J. , Shewry Peter R. , Miles Mervyn J. , Mcmaster Terence J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAtomic force microscopy has been used to follow in real time the adsorption from solution of two of the gliadin group of wheat seed storage proteins onto hydrophilic (mica) and hydrophobic (graphite) surfaces. The liquid cell of the microscope was used initially to acquire images of the substrate under a small quantity of pure solvent (1% acetic acid). Continuous imaging as an injection of gliadin solution entered the liquid cell enabled the adsorption process to be followed in situ from zero time. For ω‐gliadin, a monolayer was formed on the mica substrate during a period of ∼2000 s, with the protein molecules oriented in parallel to the mica surface. In contrast, the ω‐gliadin had a relatively low affinity for the graphite substrate, as demonstrated by slow and weak adsorption to the surface. With γ‐gliadin, random deposition onto the mica surface was observed forming monodispersed structures, whereas on the graphite surface, monolayer islands of protein were formed with the protein molecules in a perpendicular orientation. Sequential adsorption experiments indicated strong interactions between the two proteins that, under certain circumstances, caused alterations to the surface morphologies of preadsorbed species. The results are relevant to our understanding of the interactions of proteins within the hydrated protein bodies of wheat grain and how these determine the processing properties of wheat gluten and dough. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 74–84, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com