bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary tumor dependent inhibition of tumor growth, angiogenesis, and perfusion of secondary breast cancer in bone
Authors: Schaefer Christian , Schroeder Malte , Fuhrhop Ina , Viezens Lennart , Otten Jasmin , Fiedler Walter , Rüther Wolfgang , Hansen‐Algenstaedt Nils 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe systemic balance of angiogenic and anti‐angiogenic factors has been proposed to play a key‐role in primary tumor growth dependent growth suppression of secondary tumors. Despite the importance of the organ microenvironment to angiogenesis and microcirculation, the influence of a primary tumor on secondary bone tumors has not been investigated so far. Since breast cancer has a high propensity to spread to bone, we used an in vivo xenograft model to determine the impact of growing breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) in the mammary fat pad on the microvascular properties of subsequently inoculated secondary breast cancer tumors in bone. Mice were either treated with a resection of the primary tumor (n = 10) or no surgery (n = 9) and intravital microscopy was performed over 25 days in bone tumors. Tumor growth in bone was temporarily suppressed by the primary tumor on days 10 and 14. While microvascular permeability and vascular diameter decreased in both groups over time, the presence of the primary tumor was accompanied by a decreased tumor perfusion on days 8 and 10 through a reduction in vessels with diameters between 5 and 20 µm. The results imply a potential benefit of a therapeutic regime in which the resection of the primary tumor is combined with an anti‐angiogenic therapy in the perioperative or direct postoperative period. This might result in reduced progression of bone metastasis subsequent to excision of the primary tumor. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1251–1258, 2011
Site‐specific fertilizer recommendations for oil palm smallholders using information from large plantations
Authors: Webb Michael J. , Nelson Paul N. , Rogers L. Gary , Curry George N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractProvision of appropriate fertilizer recommendations to smallholder farmers is becoming increasingly important, for reasons of food security, economic viability, and the need to maintain soil fertility. Oil palm is one of the most important crops in the humid tropics, but smallholder growers (< 10 ha) typically have low yields, largely due to inadequate fertilizer inputs and/or incomplete harvesting. It is difficult to produce appropriate fertilizer recommendations for the smallholder growers, due to their large numbers and small farm sizes. In this work, we developed a way of transferring to smallholder growers the fertilizer recommendations that have been developed for nearby plantation fields using large fertilizer trials. The study site was in West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, and transfer of information was done using a geographic information system and maps of plantation fields, smallholder blocks, and soil types. The soil‐map‐unit descriptions were interpreted, and a unified classification system was derived. Then, fertilizer recommendations that had been made on a field‐specific basis for the large plantations were allocated to soil types and thereby to individual smallholder blocks. In this way, block‐specific fertilizer recommendations were made for more than 4000 individual smallholders. The procedures used were developed into a conceptual framework which is transferable to other regions. Recommendations can be updated as new information becomes available on smallholder block locations or plantation fertilizer recommendations.
Hepatic steatosis assessment with CT or MRI in patients with colorectal liver metastases after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Marsman H.A. , van der Pool A.E. , Verheij J. , Padmos J. , ten Kate F.J.W. , Dwarkasing R.S. , van Gulik T.M. , Ijzermans J.N.M. , Verhoef C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurposePreoperative radiological assessment of hepatic steatosis is recommended in patients undergoing a liver resection, but few studies investigated the diagnostic accuracy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to compare diagnostic accuracy of preoperative CT or MRI measurements of steatosis in patients with colorectal liver metastases after induction chemotherapy.MethodsMRI measurements (relative signal intensity decrease; RSID), N = 36, and CT scan measurements (Hounsfield units; HU), N = 32, were compared with histological steatosis assessment. Diagnostic accuracy was determined for detecting any (>5%) or marked macrovesicular steatosis (>33%).ResultsMRI showed the highest correlation with histology (r = 0.82, P < 0.001), compared to CT measurements (r = −0.65, P < 0.001). Based on linear regression analysis, radiological cut‐off values for 5% and 33% macrovesicular steatosis, corresponded to 0.7% and 19.2% RSID in the MRI‐group, and 60.4 and 54.2 HU in the CT‐group, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of any and marked macrovesicular steatosis using MRI was 87% and 69%, and 78% and 100%, respectively, and for CT, 83% and 64%, and 70% and 87%, respectively.ConclusionIn patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy MRI measurements of steatosis showed the highest correlation coefficient and the best diagnostic accuracy, as compared to CT measurements. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;104:10–16. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical options for localized and advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Frankel Timothy L. , Chang Alfred E. , Wong Sandra L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe development of imitinab has led to a revolution in the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), but surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment for patients with localized disease. The principles to surgical treatment of GIST include careful handling of tissues to prevent tumor rupture and resection to negative margins without the need for wide excision. Minimally invasive techniques have proven equally efficacious provided appropriate oncologic resections are performed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:882–887. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcome of the intramedullary diaphyseal segmental defect fixation system for bone tumors
Authors: Ruggieri Pietro , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Bianchi Giuseppe , Sakellariou Vassileios I. , Mercuri Mario , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundResection of diaphyseal malignant bone tumors is indicated for local control and impending pathological fracture or failure of prophylactic internal fixation. However, there are no large, long‐term studies analyzing the results of intercalary reconstruction using segmental metallic spacers.Materials and MethodsWe present 24 patients treated with wide resection for primary or metastatic bone tumors involving the diaphysis of the femur, tibia, or humerus and reconstruction using a modular intramedullary diaphyseal segmental defect fixation system. The mean length of bone resection was 10 cm. The postoperative complications and outcome were evaluated.ResultsAt a mean follow‐up of 29 months, 17 patients were alive and 7 patients were dead of disease; no patient had local recurrence. Implant‐related complications occurred in 8 patients, the most common being mechanical loosening and rotational instability. Loosening was most common in reconstructions of more than 10 cm length of bone resection. In all femoral reconstructions, mechanical failure occurred at the proximal stem. True limb length discrepancy of 2.0 cm was observed in one patient. Wound healing complications were not observed; range of motion and function of the adjacent joints was within normal limits.ConclusionsThe modularity, ease of application and preservation of the adjacent joints are major advantages of segmental modular prostheses; however, the complications' rate is high. Complications occur most often at the proximal stem in femoral reconstructions and reconstructions for more than 10 cm length of bone resection. In these cases, the use of these implants should be reconsidered or not recommended. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;104:83–90. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Foodomics: MS‐based strategies in modern food science and nutrition
Authors: Herrero Miguel , Simó Carolina , García‐Cañas Virginia , Ibáñez Elena , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractModern research in food science and nutrition is moving from classical methodologies to advanced analytical strategies in which MS‐based techniques play a crucial role. In this context, Foodomics has been recently defined as a new discipline that studies food and nutrition domains through the application of advanced omics technologies in which MS techniques are considered indispensable. Applications of Foodomics include the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and/or metabolomic study of foods for compound profiling, authenticity, and/or biomarker‐detection related to food quality or safety; the development of new transgenic foods, food contaminants, and whole toxicity studies; new investigations on food bioactivity, food effects on human health, etc. This review work does not intend to provide an exhaustive revision of the many works published so far on food analysis using MS techniques. The aim of the present work is to provide an overview of the different MS‐based strategies that have been (or can be) applied in the new field of Foodomics, discussing their advantages and drawbacks. Besides, some ideas about the foreseen development and applications of MS‐techniques in this new discipline are also provided. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 31:49–69, 2012
Stereochemical structure‐property relationships in polynorbornene from simulation
Authors: Ahmed Savant , Bidstrup Sue Ann , Kohl Paul , Ludovice Peter 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSingle‐chain Monte Carlo simulations of polynorbornene were carried out for three stereochemical isomers. These simulations employed custom force field parameters derived from ab initio and semi‐empirical quantum calculations. The scaling of intrinsic viscosity with molecular weight was determined from these simulations. An unusually large variation in this scaling was obtained, which is attributed to the large degree of steric hindrance inherent in this form of polynorbornene that retains the bicyclo‐heptane ring in the backbone. The same scaling was measured for three commercial samples of this polymer produced using three different catalysts. The simulation and experimental results were consistent and the former were used to estimate the stereochemical configuration of the commercial samples. The simulation results for a stereoregular isomer of polynorbornene were also consistent with previous RIS model results. These structure‐property relationships extracted from the simulations are potentially useful in the commercialization of polynorbornene for interlayer dielectric applications in electronic packaging.
Simulation study of semi‐crystalline polymer interphases
Authors: Balijepalli S. , Rutledge G. C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe study of structure and properties of semi‐crystalline polymer inter‐phases is important to explain and extend polymer applications. In this region, polymer chains exist in three distinct populations: tie chains that bridge the two crystals, chain folds and chain ends. The distribution of these populations influences the properties of the interphase. We have developed off‐lattice Monte Carlo simulations of constrained interphases of semi‐crystalline polymers which utilize robust off‐lattice moves. A united atom model with polyethylene‐like interactions and with freely rotating bonds is used to mimic the prototypical flexible chain structure. These simulations capture the limiting distributions of tight and loose chain folds and of tie chains within the metastable phase. The dissipation in order and density between the crystal and amorphous regions has been studied, and results for freely rotating chains indicate that the characteristic decay of anisotropy occurs in a length scale of ca. 10 Å. Simulation results for the effect of system size and molecular weight for freely rotating chains have also been investigated.
Micro/mesoscopic approaches to the ring formation in linear wormlike micellar systems
Authors: Kröger Martin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe hereby present i) a microscopic model for the self‐assembly of linear wormlike micelles for which scission/recombination processes and loop formation are allowed, and ii) a mesoscopic analytic description of such systems. Both approaches predict the extent of loop formation as function of the micellar concentration, the end‐cap energy and the flexibility of micelles. As a matter of fact, even if loop formation is unfavorable under many conditions, e.g., for stiff micelles and low end cap energies, they have to be treated correctly in any statistical approach to their behavior, since their presence can significantly affect the relaxation time spectrum, the rheological behavior and correlation function of various types.
Overcoming tumor multidrug resistance using drugs able to evade P‐glycoprotein or to exploit its expression
Authors: Nobili Stefania , Landini Ida , Mazzei Teresita , Mini Enrico 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to the effective treatment of cancer. Cellular overproduction of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), which acts as an efflux pump for various anticancer drugs (e.g. anthracyclines, Vinca alkaloids, taxanes, epipodophyllotoxins, and some of the newer antitumor drugs) is one of the more relevant mechanisms underlying MDR. P‐gp belongs to the superfamily of ATP‐binding cassette transporters and is encoded by the ABCB1 gene. Its overexpression in cancer cells has become a therapeutic target for circumventing MDR. As an alternative to the classical pharmacological strategy of the coadministration of pump inhibitors and cytotoxic substrates of P‐gp and to other approaches applied in experimental tumor models (e.g. P‐gp‐targeting antibodies, ABCB1 gene silencing strategies, and transcriptional modulators) and in the clinical setting (e.g. incapsulation of P‐gp substrate anticancer drugs into liposomes or nanoparticles), a more intriguing strategy for circumventing MDR is represented by the development of new anticancer drugs which are not substrates of P‐gp (e.g. epothilones, second‐ and third‐generation taxanes and other microtubule modulators, topoisomerase inhibitors). Some of these drugs have already been tested in clinical trials and, in most of cases, show relevant activity in patients previously treated with anticancer agents which are substrates of P‐gp. Of these drugs, ixabepilone, an epothilone, was approved in the United States for the treatment of breast cancer patients pretreated with an anthracycline and a taxane. Another innovative approach is the use of molecules whose activity takes advantage of the overexpression of P‐gp. The possibility of overcoming MDR using the latter two approaches is reviewed herein.  © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
Preservice elementary teachers' adaptation of science curriculum materials for inquiry‐based elementary science
Authors: Forbes Cory T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCurriculum materials are important resources with which teachers make pedagogical decisions about the design of science learning environments. To become well‐started beginning elementary teachers capable of engaging their students in inquiry‐based science, preservice elementary teachers need to learn to use science curriculum materials effectively. Thus far, few other studies have investigated how preservice elementary teachers adapt science curriculum materials to better reflect five essential features of inquiry‐based teaching and learning articulated in contemporary science education reform. Findings from previous research suggest that preservice elementary teachers can productively adapt science curriculum materials to make them more inquiry‐based. The mixed‐methods study presented here extends these findings by illustrating the essential features of inquiry preservice teachers emphasize in their curricular adaptations and the specific types of adaptations the preservice teachers make. Results suggest that the preservice teachers consistently attended to all five essential features of inquiry in their curricular adaptations. The types of adaptations that they made to promote each of these features of inquiry provide insight into their curriculum design practices and learning about science as inquiry that can serve as important leverage points for teacher education experiences and curriculum materials designed to support elementary teachers' science teaching practice and learning. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95:927–955, 2011
Understanding students' language use about expansion through analyzing their lexicogrammatical resources
Authors: Seah Lay Hoon , Clarke David J. , Hart Christina E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study attends to the possibilities of analyzing students' writings at a lexicogrammatical level in terms of their use of linguistic resources, and the insights afforded by this approach into the challenges students faced when they employed the language of school science related to the phenomenon of expansion. For the purpose of this study, the data consist of Grade 7 students' written assignments generated from a sequence of lessons on the topic of “States of Matter.” We analyzed the language by employing the Systemic Functional Linguistics framework. The analysis reveals similarities and differences in the use of linguistic resources among the students, from which we identified several patterns of language use that appeared to be significant for realizing scientific meanings. These patterns of language use suggest that students face challenges not just in learning to use language as both a cognitive and a semiotic tool but also in interpreting the requirements of task when employing the language of school science. The findings demonstrate the productivity of this approach in expanding our understanding of the conceptual and representational challenges that students face when learning the language of school science. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Sci Ed95:852–876, 2011
Executable system architecting using systems modeling language in conjunction with colored Petri nets in a model‐driven systems development process
Authors: Wang Renzhong , Dagli Cihan H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis work proposes an executable system architecting paradigm for discrete‐event system modeling and analysis through integration of a set of modeling tools, executable formalisms, analytical tools, and animation tools. The essential step is converting SysML‐based specifications into colored Petri nets through a conversion scheme proposed here. Such a paradigm permits rigorous static and dynamic system analysis, as well as formal verification of the behavior and functionality of the SysML‐based design. This paper also compares the capabilities of the proposed executable system architecting paradigm with other executable formalisms. Further, it discusses the basic principles of executable architecture specification and analysis for discrete‐event system modeling. The model‐driven architecture approach developed from the software engineering field is also studied here and applied in a systems engineering context to create a SysML‐based modeling process that maintains a close relationships among all the SysML diagrams and indicates which diagrams to build and how to build them. This executable architecting paradigm is then integrated into the model‐driven systems development process to create a structured architecture design process. This methodology is aimed at general system design. Its feasibility is demonstrated using the example of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems, which is modeled as a distributed, parallel information processing system. The simulation results are used to check the overall integrity and internal consistency of the architecture models, to refine the architecture design, and finally, to verify the behavior and functionality of the system modeled. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study of laughter in science lessons
Authors: Roth Wolff‐Michael , Ritchie Stephen M. , Hudson Peter , Mergard Victoria 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLaughter is a fundamental human phenomenon. Yet there is little educational research on the potential functions of laughter on the enacted (lived) curriculum. In this study, we identify the functions of laughter in a beginning science teacher's classroom throughout her first year of teaching. Our study shows that laughter is more than a gratuitous phenomenon. It is the result of a collective interactive achievement of the classroom participants that offsets the seriousness of science as a discipline. Laughter, whereas it challenges the seriousness of science, also includes the dialectical inversion of the challenge: it simultaneously reinforces the idea of science as serious business. Furthermore, levels of intimacy, complicity, and solidarity between the teacher and her students were reproduced and transformed through their laughter in class. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 437–458, 2011
GPCR‐controlled chemotaxis in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Jin Tian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDictyostelium discoideum has been chosen as the key model organism for the study of eukaryotic chemotaxis. Studies in this lower eukaryotic organism have allowed us to discover eukaryotic chemotaxis behavior and to gradually understand the mechanism of chemotaxis. Investigations in this simple organism often guide the direction of chemotaxis studies in areas such as forming concepts, discovering molecular components, revealing pathways and networks. The cooperation between experimental approaches and computational modeling has helped us to comprehend the signaling network as a system. To further reveal the relationships among the molecular mechanisms of individual signaling steps, a continuous interplay between model development and refinement and experimental testing and verification will be useful. This article focuses on a chemoattractant G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR)/G‐protein gradient sensing machinery, which is monitored by PIP3 responses and investigated by the interplay between live cell imaging experiments and computational modeling. We believe that such an approach will lead to a much better understanding of GPCR‐controlled chemotaxis of all eukaryotic cells. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 717–727 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.143This article is a U.S. Government work, and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.This article is categorized under:

Physiology > Physiology of Model Organisms
Palaeoclimate change drove diversification among isolated mountain refugia in the Australian arid zone
Authors: PEPPER MITZY , FUJITA MATTHEW K. , MORITZ CRAIG , KEOGH J. SCOTT 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRefugia featured prominently in shaping evolutionary trajectories during repeated cycles of glaciation in the Quaternary, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere instead experienced cycles of severe aridification but little is known about the temporal presence and role of refugia for arid‐adapted biota. Isolated mountain ranges located in the Australian arid zone likely provided refugia for many species following Mio/Pliocene (<15 Ma) aridification; however, the evolutionary consequences of the recent development of widespread sand deserts is largely unknown. To test alternative hypotheses of ancient vs. recent isolation, we generated a 10 gene data set to assess divergence history among saxicolous geckos in the genus Heteronotia that have distributions confined to major rocky ranges in the arid zone. Phylogenetic analyses show that each rocky range harbours a divergent lineage, and substantial intraspecific diversity is likely due to topographic complexity in these areas. Old divergences (∼4 Ma) among lineages pre‐date the formation of the geologically young sand deserts (<1 Ma), suggesting that Pliocene climate shifts fractured the distributions of biota long before the spread of the deserts.