bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbreitung und Strategien zur Bekämpfung chronischer Krankheiten im internationalen Vergleich
Authors: Zander Britta , Busse Reinhard 
Published: January 2010

Einleitung
Chronische Krankheiten stellen für die Gesundheitssysteme vieler Länder eine ernstzunehmende Belastung dar und zählen zu den größten Herausforderungen für die kommenden Jahre. Allein Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen sind für mehr als die Hälfte aller Todesfälle in der Europäischen Region verantwortlich und verursachen den höchsten Anteil an der Krankheitslast (23%), gefolgt von psychischen Gesundheitsproblemen (20%) und Krebs (11%).
Körperliche Aktivität bei multimorbiden Patienten
Authors: Hinrichs Timo , Trampisch Ulrike 
Published: January 2010

Einleitung
Große Teile insbesondere der älteren Bevölkerung leiden an Multimorbidität. In der Therapie zahlreicher Erkrankungen spielt körperliche Aktivität eine anerkannte Rolle. Eine wesentliche Aufgabe in der Vermittlung körperlicher Aktivität an multimorbide Patienten kommt dem Hausarzt zu. Zur Gestaltung und Umsetzung von Aktivitätsprogrammen auf Grundlage einer umfassenden Gesundheitsbeurteilung bedarf es allerdings der engen Kooperation mit spezialisierten Berufsgruppen.
Medikamentenmanagement aus Sicht chronisch Erkrankter – Forschungsbedarfe und -trends
Authors: Haslbeck Jörg 
Published: January 2010

Einleitung
Medikamente sind für die Versorgung chronisch Erkrankter von hoher Relevanz und steigende Arzneimittelausgaben in der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung ein ,Dauerthema‘. Im Zuge emanzipatorischer Ansätze im Gesundheitswesen wächst auch das Interesse am ‘patient view’ und an (Alltags-) Problemen der Erkrankten beim Medikamentenmanagement. Der Beitrag zeigt Forschungstrends und zentrale Diskurslinien in Publikationen zu dieser Thematik auf.
Longitudinal associations between post-traumatic distress and depressive symptoms following a traumatic event: a test of three models
Authors: Schindel-Allon I. , Aderka I. M. , Shahar G. , Stein M. , Gilboa-Schechtman E. 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundSymptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are highly co-morbid following a traumatic event. Nevertheless, decisive evidence regarding the direction of the relationship between these clinical entities is missing.MethodThe aim of the present study was to examine the nature of this relationship by comparing a synchronous change model (PTSD and depression are time synchronous, possibly stemming from a third common factor) with a demoralization model (i.e. PTSD symptoms causing depression) and a depressogenic model (i.e. depressive symptoms causing PTSD symptoms). Israeli adult victims of single-event traumas (n=156) were assessed on measures of PTSD and depression at 2, 4 and 12 weeks post-event.ResultsA cross-lagged structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis provided results consistent with the synchronous change model and the depressogenic model.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms may play an important role in the development of post-traumatic symptoms.
Bird species richness and diversity at montane Important Bird Area (IBA) sites in south-eastern Nigeria
Authors: MANU SHIIWUA , SUNDAY IMONG INAOYOM , CRESSWELL WILL 
Published: January 2010

SummaryThe mountains of south-eastern Nigeria are a western extension of the Cameroon mountain range, which is classified as an endemic bird area (EBA). Unlike its eastern extension in Cameroon, most of the ornithological surveys in the western extension of the Cameroon highlands in Nigeria have produced only limited checklists and inventories. There is a clear need for quantitative baseline data so that conservation problems can be identified. Twenty line transects covering a total transect length of 28.8 km were used to survey five sites (Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary, Oban Division and Okwangwo Division of Cross River National Park, Sankwala Mountains and Mbe Mountains) in the westernmost extension of the Cameroon Mountains EBA in south-eastern Nigeria. Vegetation measurements were taken to control for the potential confounding effect of variation in vegetation density and structure on detectability of birds between sites. The 193 bird species recorded in Afi, 158 in Sankwala, 124 in Oban, 100 in Mbe and 73 in Okwangwo Division included most of the Cameroon highlands restricted range species. The results show that the mountains of south-eastern Nigeria are important parts of the Cameroon EBA, particularly Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary. However these sites are threatened by fire and livestock grazing on the hilltops, shifting agriculture on the hillsides and lowlands, and logging for timber in some parts, as well as wildlife hunting for bushmeat.
A first survey of the global population size and distribution of the Scottish Crossbill Loxia scotica
Authors: SUMMERS RON W. , BUCKLAND STEPHEN T. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryA survey of Scottish Crossbills Loxia scotica was carried out in 3,506 km2 of conifer woodland in northern Scotland during January to April 2008 to provide the first estimate of the global population size for this endemic bird. Population estimates were also made for Common Crossbills L. curvirostra and Parrot Crossbills L. pytyopsittacus within this range. Crossbills were lured to systematically selected survey points for counting, sexing and recording their calls for later call-type (species) identification from sonograms. Crossbills were located at 451 of the 852 survey points, and adequate tape-recordings made at 387 of these. The Scottish Crossbill had a disjunct distribution, occurring largely within the eastern part of the study area, but also in the northwest. Common Crossbills had a mainly westerly distribution. The population size of post-juvenile Scottish Crossbills was estimated as 13,600 (95% C.I. 8,130–22,700), which will approximate to 6,800 (4,065–11,350) pairs. Common Crossbills were more abundant within this range (27,100, 95% C.I. 14,700–38,400) and Parrot Crossbills rare (about 100). The sex ratio was not significantly different from parity for Scottish Crossbills. The modal number at survey points was two but numbers were larger in January than later in the survey. The numbers and distribution of all crossbill species are likely to vary between years, depending upon the size of the cone crops of the different conifers: all were coning in 2008. Common Crossbill and Parrot Crossbill numbers will also be affected by irruptions from continental Europe. A monitoring scheme is required to detect any population trend, and further work on their habitat requirement (e.g. conifer selection at different seasons) is needed to inform habitat management of native and planted conifer forests to ensure a secure future for this endemic bird.
A Novel Heating Technology for Ultra-High Resolution Imaging in Electron Microscopes
Authors: Allard Lawrence F , Bigelow Wilbur C , Bradley Steven A , Liu Jingyue(Jimmy) 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Capabilities for in-situ studies of materials at elevated temperatures and under gaseous environments have received increasing attention in recent years [1]. With the advent of electron microscopes that provide routine imaging at the atomic level (e.g. aberration-corrected TEM and STEM instruments), it is of particular interest to be able to record images at high temperatures while retaining the inherent resolution of the microscope; that is, the resolution is not limited by drift in the heating holder or other instabilities associated with its operation. A number of commercial and experimental heating devices have been used over the years; some holders are designed with miniature furnaces that heat entire grids [2], while a more recent development used a tiny spiral filament coated with a carbon film as the heater element [3]. These devices, while very useful for some applications (particularly in “environmental microscopes” that employ differential pumping to allow gases at some elevated pressure to be injected around the specimen), are invariably not as stable as might be desired for sub-Ångström imaging experiments. They are also limited by the speed at which the sample can be heated to temperature for stable operation. In collaboration with Protochips Inc. (Raleigh, NC), our laboratory is developing a novel new technology for in-situ heating experiments that overcomes a number of performance problems associated with standard heating stage technologies [4].
Interface Stabilized Nanoscale Quasi-Liquid Films
Authors: Luo Jian , Dillon Shen J , Harmer Martin P 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
A unique class of impurity-based quasi-liquid films has been widely observed at free surfaces, grain boundaries (GBs), and hetero-phase interfaces in ceramic and metallic materials (Figure 1). These nanometer-thick interfacial films can be alternatively understood to be: (a) quasi-liquid layers that adopt an “equilibrium” thickness in response to a balance of attractive and repulsive interfacial forces (in a high-temperature colloidal theory) or (b) multilayer adsorbates with thickness and average composition set by bulk dopant activities [1–2]. In several model binary systems, such quasi-liquid, interfacial films are found to be thermodynamically stable well below the bulk solidus lines, provoking analogies to the simpler interfacial phenomena of premelting in unary systems [3] and prewetting in binary de-mixed liquids [4]. These interfacial films exhibit structures and compositions that are neither observed nor stable as bulk phases, as well as transport, mechanical, and physical properties that are markedly different from bulk phases.
Photoactivation in Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Piston David W , Kremers Gert-Jan , Benninger Richard KP , Davidson Michael W 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The use of photoactive compounds in microscopy has a long history. Caged compounds have been used for almost forty years, not only to elicit chemical reactions in cells, but also to mark specific cells or regions within cells by photoactivation of fluorescence. During the last seven years, the advent of photoactivatable GFP (PA-GFP) and its successors has opened up a myriad of new applications. All of this work has, of course, been greatly facilitated in live cells through the possibility of genetic labeling that is given by the fluorescent proteins. However, even as more photo-activatable and photo-switchable proteins are discovered, they are still limited in terms of wavelength ranges and photophysical properties. Thus, there has been a resurgence of interest in small organic photoactive molecules for cell biology experiments. In this short introductory overview, we will present the basic concepts of photoactivation and discuss many of the strengths and limitations of various approaches. We will also provide a general description of the kinds of applications for which these probes can be used.
Web‐StrabNet: A Web‐Based Expert System for the Differential Diagnosis of Vertical Strabismus (Squint)
Authors: Fisher A. C. , Lake S. P. , Cunningham I. P. , Chandna A. 
Published: January 2010

A squint, also known as strabismus, is a condition where the eyes are misaligned because of incorrect balance in the controlling eye muscles. This may result from muscular, neuromuscular or purely mechanical factors. An affected eye will have either predominating vertical or horizontal deviation. Vertical deviations are usually classified into eight classes (diagnoses) and horizontal into 10. The present work considers only the former but extension to the latter is straightforward.The differential diagnosis of strabismus is usually achieved in the prism cover test (PCT). A range of test prisms is presented to the eye and the resulting deviation in a particular direction of gaze is observed. In the full PCT, 10 positions of gaze are considered: in each position there are, say, 40 prisms of plus and minus power to investigate. The problem can be expressed as the inference 1‐of‐8 diagnoses in the output space from an input space of 10 parameters each with a resolution of 1‐in‐80. However, in the majority of clinical examinations, the corner‐most positions of gaze are difficult to assess, particularly in children. Therefore, frequently the 6‐position subset is reported requiring a corresponding reduction in the input space dimensions of 10 to 6. Web‐StrabNet© is an expert system for the differential diagnosis of strabismus based on parallel instances of multi‐layer perceptrons trained on exemplar data generated in consensus by two clinical experts. This machine expert is programmed in MatLab™ and is freely available as an Internet website (www.strabnet.com) which uses MatSOAP©, an XML/SOAP accessible automation server running a number of simultaneous MatLab instances.StrabNet achieves diagnostic accuracies of 100 and >94% with artificial data and typically ∼99 and ∼99% in clinical data‐sets for the 10‐position and 6‐position subset PCT′s, respectively.
40 years of Physica Scripta
Authors: Wäppling Roger 
Published: January 2010

Physica Scripta is an international journal published by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences since 1970. It covers all aspects of physics and is one of the few general (broadband) physics journals still around that publishes 'full-length' research papers.
The involvement of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in scientific publication began in 1903 with Arkiv för matematik, astronomi och fysik. This journal collected results in the fields of mathematics, astronomy and physics. In 1949 it was divided into four independent journals: Arkiv för astronomi, Arkiv för fysik, Arkiv för geofysik and Arkiv för matematik. Subsequently, a total of 40 volumes of Arkiv för fysik were published until its replacement by Physica Scripta in 1970.
When Physica Scripta was started, the emphasis was on articles contributed from the Scandinavian countries, including Finland. These restrictions on submissions became further evident when other Nordic science academies and physical societies were invited to participate in the publication process.
Nowadays, the main journal, published in 12 monthly issues, carries the subtitle 'An international journal for experimental and theoretical physics' and is a truly international journal both in terms of circulation and of submitted and published articles. The contributions from the Nordic countries are now only a small part of the total published material.
An experiment in 1974, publishing the proceedings of a Nobel Physics Symposium, led to the formation of a semi-independent journal, Physica Scripta Topical Issues (PSTOP). To date, over 138 volumes of PSTOPs have been published, mostly containing conference proceedings covering a wide range of topics. The annual Nobel Physics Symposium is usually published as one of these volumes.
Beginning in 2003, Physica Scripta introduced a new section, Comments on Atomic and Molecular Physics. This has since expanded to five distinct sections of Comments: atomic, molecular and optical physics (CAMOP); condensed matter physics (CCMP); nuclear and particle physics (CNPP); plasma physics and controlled fusion (CPPCF); astrophysics and cosmology (CAC). These sections contain invited papers that provide an authoritative contribution by an acknowledged expert and are intended to provide insight into current problems, methods and results.
In the publication process we collaborate with IOP Publishing, which ensures a fast and efficient manuscript management system and journal production, with both online and printed volumes.
In 2010 Physica Scripta celebrates 40 years of successful publishing and we encourage physicists throughout the world to join us in celebrating this prestigious anniversary by submitting their contributions.
PyRosetta: a script-based interface for implementing molecular modeling algorithms using Rosetta
Authors: Chaudhury Sidhartha , Lyskov Sergey , Gray Jeffrey J. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Summary: PyRosetta is a stand-alone Python-based implementation of the Rosetta molecular modeling package that allows users to write custom structure prediction and design algorithms using the major Rosetta sampling and scoring functions. PyRosetta contains Python bindings to libraries that define Rosetta functions including those for accessing and manipulating protein structure, calculating energies and running Monte Carlo-based simulations. PyRosetta can be used in two ways: (i) interactively, using iPython and (ii) script-based, using Python scripting. Interactive mode contains a number of help features and is ideal for beginners while script-mode is best suited for algorithm development. PyRosetta has similar computational performance to Rosetta, can be easily scaled up for cluster applications and has been implemented for algorithms demonstrating protein docking, protein folding, loop modeling and design.
Availability: PyRosetta is a stand-alone package available at http://www.pyrosetta.org under the Rosetta license which is free for academic and non-profit users. A tutorial, user's manual and sample scripts demonstrating usage are also available on the web site.
Contact: pyrosetta@graylab.jhu.edu
Fuelling the decline in UK fishing communities?
Authors: Abernethy Kirsten E. , Trebilcock Paul , Kebede Bereket , Allison Edward H. , Dulvy Nicholas K. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Abernethy, K. E., Trebilcock, P., Kebede, B., Allison, E. H., and Dulvy, N. K. 2010. Fuelling the decline in UK fishing communities? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1076–1085. Volatile fuel prices are a threat to the viability of UK fishing communities. The economic and social impacts of rising fuel costs for fishers and communities in southwest England are examined. Fuel prices doubled between early 2007 and mid-2008, whereas fish prices remained relatively stable throughout as a result of the price-setting power of seafood buyers. It was the fishers who absorbed the increased costs, resulting in significant loss of income, reduced job security, and problems in recruiting crew. All gear types were affected, but fishers using towed gears were most adversely impacted. Fishing vessels with recent investment have greater fuel efficiency, so appeared to be more able to cope and to adapt to increased fuel costs. Fishing behaviour also altered as skippers attempted to increase fuel efficiency at the cost of reduced catches. Most skippers reported fishing closer to port, reducing their exploratory fishing, and ceasing experimentation with fishing gears with lesser environmental impact. Therefore, a threat to fishing community viability may have linked environmental effects. The impacts of this fuel price volatility foreshadow a likely future impact of rising fuel prices attributable to climate change adaptation and mitigation and forecasts of rising oil prices. Without proactive planning and policy development, rising fuel prices have the potential to cause job losses and economic hardship additional to problems that may arise from poor management and stock decline, in all fishing-related sectors of the industry.
Problem-Solving Skills Training for Vulnerable Families of Children with Persistent Asthma: Report of a Randomized Trial on Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes
Authors: Seid Michael , Varni James W. , Gidwani Pradeep , Gelhard Leticia Reyes , Slymen Donald J. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Objectives To test the efficacy of problem-solving skill training (PST) in improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of children with persistent asthma from predominantly lower socioeconomic status (SES) Spanish-speaking Hispanic families. Methods Randomized controlled trial comparing standard care waitlist (SC) control, home-visiting asthma education/care coordination (CC), and combined intervention (CC + PST) at baseline, after intervention, and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome was parent proxy-report child HRQOL (PedsQL). Results Participants (n = 252) were 83.3% Hispanic and 56.3% monolingual Spanish speakers, and 72.6% of mothers had not graduated high school. We found a significant (P = 0.05) intervention effect for parent proxy-reported child generic (but not asthma-specific) HRQOL, with CC + PST superior to SC [83.8 vs 79.8; adjusted mean difference of 4.05 points (95% confidence interval 0.63–7.4], but no difference between the CC and SC groups. Conclusions In this sample of vulnerable families of children with persistent asthma, a CC + PST intervention was efficacious in improving children’s generic HRQOL.
Fatty Acid Activation in Cyanobacteria Mediated by Acyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Synthetase Enables Fatty Acid Recycling
Authors: Kaczmarzyk Danuta , Fulda Martin 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
In cyanobacteria fatty acids destined for lipid synthesis can be synthesized de novo, but also exogenous free fatty acids from the culture medium can be directly incorporated into lipids. Activation of exogenous fatty acids is likely required prior to their utilization. To identify the enzymatic activity responsible for activation we cloned candidate genes from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 and identified the encoded proteins as acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetases (Aas). The enzymes catalyze the ATP-dependent esterification of fatty acids to the thiol of acyl carrier protein. The two protein sequences are only distantly related to known prokaryotic Aas proteins but they display strong similarity to sequences that can be found in almost all organisms that perform oxygenic photosynthesis. To investigate the biological role of Aas activity in cyanobacteria, aas knockout mutants were generated in the background of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and S. elongatus PCC 7942. The mutant strains showed two phenotypes characterized by the inability to utilize exogenous fatty acids and by the secretion of endogenous fatty acids into the culture medium. The analyses of extracellular and intracellular fatty acid profiles of aas mutant strains as well as labeling experiments indicated that the detected free fatty acids are released from membrane lipids. The data suggest a considerable turnover of lipid molecules and a role for Aas activity in recycling the released fatty acids. In this model, lipid degradation represents a third supply of fatty acids for lipid synthesis in cyanobacteria.
Strategic Distribution of Protective Proteins within Bran Layers of Wheat Protects the Nutrient-Rich Endosperm
Authors: Jerkovic Ante , Kriegel Alison M. , Bradner John R. , Atwell Brian J. , Roberts Thomas H. , Willows Robert D. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Bran from bread wheat (Triticum aestivum ‘Babbler’) grain is composed of many outer layers of dead maternal tissues that overlie living aleurone cells. The dead cell layers function as a barrier resistant to degradation, whereas the aleurone layer is involved in mobilizing organic substrates in the endosperm during germination. We microdissected three defined bran fractions, outer layers (epidermis and hypodermis), intermediate fraction (cross cells, tube cells, testa, and nucellar tissue), and inner layer (aleurone cells), and used proteomics to identify their individual protein complements. All proteins of the outer layers were enzymes, whose function is to provide direct protection against pathogens or improve tissue strength. The more complex proteome of the intermediate layers suggests a greater diversity of function, including the inhibition of enzymes secreted by pathogens. The inner layer contains proteins involved in metabolism, as would be expected from live aleurone cells, but this layer also includes defense enzymes and inhibitors as well as 7S globulin (specific to this layer). Using immunofluorescence microscopy, oxalate oxidase was localized predominantly to the outer layers, xylanase inhibitor protein I to the xylan-rich nucellar layer of the intermediate fraction and pathogenesis-related protein 4 mainly to the aleurone. Activities of the water-extractable enzymes oxalate oxidase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase were highest in the outer layers, whereas chitinase activity was found only in assays of whole grains. We conclude that the differential protein complements of each bran layer in wheat provide distinct lines of defense in protecting the embryo and nutrient-rich endosperm.