bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biology, Risk Stratification, and Therapy of Pediatric Acute Leukemias: An Update
Authors: Pui Ching-Hon , Carroll William L. , Meshinchi Soheil , Arceci Robert J. 
Published: January 2011

Purpose We review recent advances in the biologic understanding and treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), identify therapeutically challenging subgroups, and suggest future directions of research. Methods A review of English literature on childhood acute leukemias from the past 5 years was performed. Results Contemporary treatments have resulted in 5-year event-free survival rates of approximately 80% for childhood ALL and almost 60% for pediatric AML. The advent of high-resolution genome-wide analyses has provided new insights into leukemogenesis and identified many novel subtypes of leukemia. Virtually all ALL and the vast majority of AML cases can be classified according to specific genetic abnormalities. Cooperative mutations involved in cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, tumor suppression, drug responsiveness, and apoptosis have also been identified in many cases. The development of new formulations of existing drugs, molecularly targeted therapy, and immunotherapies promises to further advance the cure rates and improve quality of life of patients. Conclusion The application of new high-throughput sequencing techniques to define the complete DNA sequence of leukemia and host normal cells and the development of new agents targeted to leukemogenic pathways promise to further improve outcome in the coming decade.
Reducing the Risk for Transplantation-Related Mortality After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: How Much Progress Has Been Made?
Authors: Horan John T. , Logan Brent R. , Agovi-Johnson Manza-A. , Lazarus Hillard M. , Bacigalupo Andrea A. , Ballen Karen K. , Bredeson Christopher N. , Carabasi Matthew H. , Gupta Vikas , Hale Gregory A. , Khoury Hanna Jean , Juckett Mark B. , Litzow Mark R. , Martino Rodrigo , McCarthy Philip L. , Smith Franklin O. , Rizzo J. Douglas , Pasquini Marcelo C. 
Published: January 2011

PurposeTransplantation-related mortality (TRM) is a major barrier to the success of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).Patients and MethodsWe assessed changes in the incidence of TRM and overall survival from 1985 through 2004 in 5,972 patients younger than age 50 years who received myeloablative conditioning and HCT for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1) or second complete remission (CR2).ResultsAmong HLA-matched sibling donor transplantation recipients, the relative risks (RRs) for TRM were 0.5 and 0.3 for 2000 to 2004 compared with those for 1985 to 1989 in patients in CR1 and CR2, respectively (P < .001). The RRs for all causes of mortality in the latter period were 0.73 (P = .001) and 0.60 (P = .005) for the CR1 and CR2 groups, respectively. Among unrelated donor transplantation recipients, the RRs for TRM were 0.73 (P = .095) and 0.58 (P < .001) for 2000 to 2004 compared with those in 1990 to 1994 in the CR1 and CR2 groups, respectively. Reductions in mortality were observed in the CR2 group (RR, 0.74; P = .03) but not in the CR1 group.ConclusionOur results suggest that innovations in transplantation care since the 1980s and 1990s have reduced the risk of TRM in patients undergoing allogeneic HCT for AML and that this reduction has been accompanied by improvements in overall survival.
Resting site selection, characteristics and use by the common genetGenetta genetta(Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Camps David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe selection, characteristics and use of 72 resting sites and 3 dens corresponding to 16 adult common genets (Genetta genetta) in a Mediterranean habitat were studied. Over a 3-year period, the common genets each had at least 3–8 resting sites, which were reused with varying frequency. There was a positive correlation between the number of resting sites and the size of the resting home range. They used the resting sites during the day and also at night. The sites were located in thickets and trees. The females preferred thickets, and the males used trees more often than the females. The core areas of individuals revealed a higher number of resting sites than expected in relation to their size. When deciding on where to locate their resting sites, genets selected ravines, seeking the protection and safety that these places offered, with very dense vegetation that was practically inaccessible to any potential predators and thus also sheltering them from human activities. The highest probabilities of resting site presence are found in places near to torrents and away from roads and tracks.
Considerations for Controlling Condensation in High-Humidity Buildings: Lessons Learned
Authors: O’Brien Sean M. , Patel Amrish K. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Condensation problems in general use (i.e., non-humidified) buildings such as offices, schools, and condominiums typically manifest themselves as visible staining on window and door perimeters or minor dripping from overhead components. The relatively low interior moisture levels that are typical of these types of buildings are generally insufficient to cause severe water damage in the short term. At the other end of the spectrum, high-humidity buildings such as museums and natatoriums can suffer extreme damage due to condensation, sometimes within weeks, not years, of completion. High interior moisture levels and, in many cases, differential air pressures, contribute to condensation in both visible locations, such as windows and curtain walls, and concealed locations within walls and roofs. Signs of concealed condensation such as dripping water or rust stains may only become visible after moderate to heavy damage has already occurred within the enclosure. These problems are typically more severe in cold climates, but high-humidity buildings may experience condensation problems in mild climates, where such issues are often not considered by designers due to the lack of prolonged cold weather during the winter. This paper will review the severe and immediate condensation problems that are unique to high-humidity buildings, including surface condensation and concealed condensation due to air leakage through the enclosure. It discusses the theoretical mechanisms by which condensation forms in building enclosures, and illustrates these concepts through various case studies in both cold and mild climates. This paper will focus on design strategies for avoiding problems, but also discusses remedial work to existing buildings, drawing on the author’s experience with the investigation and repair of high-humidity buildings.
Namensähnlichkeit als Ausschließungsgrund? Der Fall der Frankfurter Anwältin Elfriede Cohnen und die Säuberung der Anwaltschaft in Preußen 1933
Authors: Schumacher Martin 
Published: January 2011

Vorspann
Wie „säubert“ man eine Gesellschaft? Wie lässt sich ein politisches Programm verwirklichen, das auf den Prinzipien von Rassismus und politischer Intoleranz beruht? Nirgends wird der ganze Wahnsinn dieser Politik der Ausgrenzung so deutlich wie an ihren Grenzfällen. Davon erzählt diese Geschichte. Eine junge Frau, Rechtsanwältin in Frankfurt, gerät 1933 in die Mühlen des nationalsozialistischen Verfolgungsapparats, obwohl sie dafür die Voraussetzungen eigentlich gar nicht erfüllt.
Die CDU/CSU und die deutsch-polnischen Vereinbarungen vom Oktober 1975. Humanität oder Konfrontation?
Authors: Szatkowski Tim 
Published: January 2011

Vorspann
Die neue Ostpolitik der sozialliberalen Koalition gilt gemeinhin als Erfolgs-geschichte, so dass der Widerstand, auf den sie einst stieß, leicht in Vergessenheit gerät. Den gab es damals durchaus, vor allem von Seiten der CDU/CSU. Die meisten Unionspolitiker lehnten auch die deutsch polnischen Vereinbarungen vom Oktober 1975 ab. In Kraft gesetzt aber wurden diese Vereinbarungen erst durch die Zustim¬mung des Bundesrat, in dem die CDU/CSU die Mehrheit besaß. Wie war das mög¬lich? Warum votierten die beiden Parteien für eine Politik, die doch die meisten ihrer führenden Köpfe ablehnten?
Führen alle Wege nach Moskau? Der NATO-Doppelbeschluss und die Friedensbewegung - eine Kritik
Authors: Nehring Holger , Ziemann Benjamin 
Published: January 2011

Vorspann
War die Friedensbewegung der achtziger Jahre tatsächlich kommunistisch „unterwandert“ und von Moskau gesteuert, wie immer wieder behauptet wird? Holger Nehring und Benjamin Ziemann, zwei in Großbritannien lehrende Historiker, wenden sich vehement gegen diese fast schon zur Meistererzählung geronnene Deutung. Sie analysieren die Wurzeln der Friedensbewegung, betonen ihre Vielfalt und betten sie in die Geschichte des NATO-Doppelbeschlusses und der allgemeinen NATO-Krise ein, die sich damals nicht zuletzt an der Frage entzündete: Wie sicher ist Europa und die Bundesrepublik?
1989 und die Wege dorthin
Authors: Boyer Christoph 
Published: January 2011

Vorspann
Die nicht heilbaren Konstruktionsmängel des Staatssozialismus liefern noch keine hinreichende Erklärung für „1989“. Erst angesichts der welthistorisch neuen Bedingungskonstellation, die sich ab Anfang der siebziger Jahre durch die elektronische Revolution und die Globalisierung herausbildete, erwiesen sich die Staatssozialismen in der Systemkonkurrenz als endgültig unterlegen. Ihr Todesurteil wurde bereits Anfang der siebziger Jahre gesprochen, die Wege zur Vollstreckung waren aber lang und unterschiedlich, wie der in Salzburg lehrende Zeithistoriker Christoph Boyer mit Blick auf die DDR, die Tschechoslowakei, auf Polen und Ungarn zu zeigen vermag.
Entspannung nicht auf Kosten des Sozialismus. Das Treffen Andrei Gromyko - Erich Honecker am 11./12. Mai 1978
Authors: Altrichter Helmut 
Published: January 2011

Vorspann
In Moskau machte man sich keine Illusionen: Die DDR steckte in der Schulden¬falle und mußte ständig neues Geld im Westen aufnehmen. Die Folge davon war eine beängstigende Abhängigkeit von der Bundesrepublik, die für ihr finanzielles Ent-gegenkommen natürlich einen politischen Preis forderte. Moskau war diese systemwidrige deutsch¬ deutsche Sonderbeziehung ein Dorn im Auge und ließ die SED Führung darüber auch nicht im unklaren, wie der renommierte Osteuropa Historiker Helmut Altrichter anhand einer Dokumentation des Treffens von Außenminister Gromyko mit dem Generalsekretär der SED Erich Honecker zu zeigen vermag. Eine Wende bewirkte Gromyko damit aber nicht, die kam später, wenn auch unter ganz anderen Vorzeichen.
Constant Splice-Isoform Ratios in Human Lymphoblastoid Cells Support the Concept of a Splico-Stat
Authors: Kramer Marcel , Huse Klaus , Menzel Uwe , Backhaus Oliver , Rosenstiel Philip , Schreiber Stefan , Hampe Jochen , Platzer Matthias 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Splicing generates mature transcripts from genes in pieces in eukaryotic cells. Overwhelming evidence has accumulated that alternative routes in splicing are possible for most human and mammalian genes, thereby allowing formation of different transcripts from one gene. No function has been assigned to the majority of identified alternative splice forms, and it has been assumed that they compose inert or tolerated waste from aberrant or noisy splicing. Here we demonstrate that five human transcription units (WT1, NOD2, GNAS, RABL2A, RABL2B) have constant splice-isoform ratios in genetically diverse lymphoblastoid cell lines independent of the type of alternative splicing (exon skipping, alternative donor/acceptor, tandem splice sites) and gene expression level. Even splice events that create premature stop codons and potentially trigger nonsense-mediated mRNA decay are found at constant fractions. The analyzed alternative splicing events were qualitatively but not quantitatively conserved in corresponding chimpanzee cell lines. Additionally, subtle splicing at tandem acceptor splice sites (GNAS, RABL2A/B) was highly constrained and strongly depends on the upstream donor sequence content. These results also demonstrate that unusual and unproductive splice variants are produced in a regulated manner.
Evaluation of Acute Oxidative Stress Induced by NiO Nanoparticles In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Horie Masanori , Fukui Hiroko , Nishio Keiko , Endoh Shigehisa , Kato Haruhisa , Fujita Katsuhide , Miyauchi Arisa , Nakamura Ayako , Shichiri Mototada , Ishida Noriko , Kinugasa Shinichi , Morimoto Yasuo , Niki Etsuo , Yoshida Yasukazu , Iwahashi Hitoshi 
Published: January 2011

Evaluation of Acute Oxidative Stress Induced by NiO Nanoparticles In Vivo and In Vitro: Masanori Horie, et al. Health Research Institute —ObjectivesNickel oxide (NiO) is an important industrial material, and it is also a harmful agent. The toxicity of NiO is size‐related: nanoparticles are more toxic than ine‐particles. The toxic mechanism induced by NiO nanoparticles remains unexplained, and the relationship between in vitro and in vivo NiO toxicity results is unclear. In the present study, we focused on the oxidative stress caused by NiO nanoparticles by examining and comparing in vitro and in vivo acute responses induced by NiO nanoparticles.MethodsCellular responses induced by black NiO nanoparticles with a primary particle size of 20 nm, were examined in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. In vivo responses were examined by instillation of NiO nanoparticles into rat trachea. Bronchoalveolar lavage luid (BALF) was collected after intratracheal instillation at different time points, and concentrations of lipid peroxide heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), surfactant protein‐D (SP‐D) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in BALF were measured.ResultsThe levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in A549 cells increased with increasing exposure to NiO nanoparticles, and increases in gene expressions of HO‐1 and SP‐D were observed in A549 cells. The lipid peroxide level in BALF significantly increased after 24 h instillation but decreased three days later. LDH leakage was also observed three days later.ConclusionsNiO nanoparticles induce oxidative stress‐related lung injury. In vivo and in vitro oxidative stress was induced resulting in activation of antioxidant systems. Based on these responses, we conclude that the results of the in vivo and in vitro studies tend to correspond.
Serum Concentrations of DDT and DDE among Malaria Control Workers in the Amazon Region
Authors: Ferreira Celso P. , De‐Oliveira Ana Cecilia A.X. , Paumgartten Francisco J.R. 
Published: January 2011

Serum Concentrations of DDT and DDE among Malaria Control Workers in the Amazon Region: Celso P. Ferreira, et al. Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil—BackgroundIn Brazil, DDT was used to control malaria‐transmitting mosquitoes from 1945 to 1997. Owing to concerns about the potential adverse health consequences of long‐term exposures to DDT, workers of the National Foundation of Health (FNS) who had taken part in malaria control operations in the Amazon region were monitored for blood levels of DDT as well as for their health status between 1997 and 2001.ObjectivesTo evaluate blood levels of DDT/DDE and elimination half‐life (t1/2) of pp’‐DDE in malaria control personnel.MethodsLevels of DDT and pp’‐DDE were measured in the blood serum of 119 public health workers (32–67 yr old, 117 males) from Pará state–Brazil. Serum levels of DDT/ DDE were determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection.ResultsBlood serum levels of S‐DDT and pp’‐DDE (mean ± SD) were as follows (µg/l): February 1997 (N=110), 231.5 ± 366.4 (156.9 ± 236.8 as pp’‐DDE); February 1998 (N=116), 126.4 ± 86.6 (83.0 ± 54.6 as pp’‐DDE); May 2001 (N=117), 50.4 ± 53.3 (39.4 ± 37.6 as pp’‐DDE). The half‐life (mean ± SD) of pp’‐DDE was 29.5 ± 22.7 mo.ConclusionsConcentrations of S‐DDT/ pp’‐DDE in the blood serum of malaria control workers were much higher than levels found in the general population in Brazil and elsewhere. The half‐life of pp’‐DDE (29.5 mo) estimated for this group of occupationally exposed male adults was shorter than t1/2values previously reported for environmentally exposed subjects.
Infants Perceived as “Fussy” Are More Likely to Receive Complementary Foods Before 4 Months
Authors: Wasser Heather , Bentley Margaret , Borja Judith , Davis Goldman Barbara , Thompson Amanda , Slining Meghan , Adair Linda 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to assess early infant-feeding patterns in a cohort of low-income black mothers and to examine associations between maternal perception of infant temperament and complementary feeding (CF) before 4 months.METHODS:We used cross-sectional data from the 3-month visit (n = 217) of the Infant Care, Feeding and Risk of Obesity Study to assess relationships between early feeding of solids or juice and 6 dimensions of perceived infant temperament. Descriptive statistics were used to assess infant-feeding patterns, and logistic regression models were fit for each diet-temperament relationship found significant in the bivariate analyses.RESULTS:Seventy-seven percent of the infants were fed solid foods at 3 months, 25% were fed juice, and 6% were exclusively breastfed. In multivariable analyses, 2 dimensions of perceived infant temperament were associated with early feeding of solid foods (distress-to-limitations odds ratio [OR]: 1.97 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–3.44]; activity-level OR: 1.75 [95% CI: 1.07–2.85]), whereas 1 dimension, low-intensity pleasure, was associated with early feeding of juice (OR: 0.51 [95% CI: 0.34–0.78]). Maternal characteristics significantly associated with early CF included breastfeeding, obesity, and depressive symptoms.CONCLUSIONS:Low-income black mothers may represent a priority population for interventions aimed at improving adherence to optimal infant feeding recommendations. That maternal perceptions of several domains of perceived infant temperament are related to early CF suggests that this is an important factor to include in future observational research and in the design of interventions.
Distribution of and Mortality From Serious Congenital Heart Disease in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Archer Jeremy M. , Yeager Scott B. , Kenny Michael J. , Soll Roger F. , Horbar Jeffrey D. 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To characterize serious congenital heart disease in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (born at &lt;1500 g or a gestational age of 22–29 weeks) in a large, international database.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We analyzed a database of 99 786 VLBW infants born or treated at 703 NICUs between calendar years 2006 and 2007. We defined serious congenital heart disease as 1 of 14 specific lesions or any other structural congenital heart disease that required surgical or medical treatment by initial hospital discharge or by the age of 1 year. We reviewed records for all infants with cardiac diagnoses and other genetic syndromes and associations to determine which had serious congenital heart disease. We excluded nonstructural disease as well as isolated and untreated atrial or ventricular septal defects. We determined the frequency of serious congenital heart disease, compared overall mortality rates of those with and without serious congenital heart disease, and determined the distribution of specific lesions and mortality for each diagnosis.

RESULTS:
Of 99 786 VLBW infants studied, 893 had serious congenital heart disease (8.9 per 1000). The most common lesions were tetralogy of Fallot (n = 166 [18.6% of those with serious congenital heart disease]), aortic coarctation (n = 103 [11.5%]), complete atrioventricular canal (n = 81 [9.1%]), pulmonary atresia (n = 73 [8.2%]), and double-outlet right ventricle (n = 68 [7.6%]). The mortality rate of those with serious congenital heart disease was 44%, compared with 12.7% in those without serious congenital heart disease (P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Serious congenital heart disease is probably more frequent in VLBW infants treated in NICUs than in the general live-born population, and the distribution reflects lesions associated with extracardiac malformations. VLBW infants with serious congenital heart disease have higher a mortality rate than those without, independent of other risk factors.
A Prospective Study of the Effects of Optimism on Adolescent Health Risks
Authors: Patton George C. , Tollit Michelle M. , Romaniuk Helena , Spence Susan H. , Sheffield Jeannie , Sawyer Michael G. 
Published: January 2011

CONTEXT:
The promotion of optimism has been widely advocated for children and adolescents, but epidemiologic data to support this approach are scant.

METHODS:
This was a 3-wave longitudinal study of health and social development in younger adolescents from 3 Australian states. The 5634 student participants, initially aged 12 to 14 years, were assessed for optimistic thinking style, emotional problems, substance use, and antisocial behaviors.

RESULTS:
Cross-sectional associations between optimism and each of the study outcomes were strongly protective but tended to differ according to gender in extent. In prospective analyses of the onset of new cases of each study outcome, protective associations were weaker. Those in the highest optimism quartile had risks for depressive symptoms that were reduced by almost half (odds ratio: 0.54 [95% confidence interval: 0.42–0.70]) compared with those in the lowest category. No effect was seen in prevention of anxiety symptoms after adjustment for other aspects of psychological style. In predicting the onset of heavy substance use and antisocial behavior, high optimism had modest protective effects.

CONCLUSIONS:
Optimistic thinking style is somewhat protective against adolescent health risks; the clearest effects are seen against depressive symptoms. Promoting optimism along with other aspects of psychological and emotional style has a role in mental health promotion that is likely to be enhanced if an intervention also addresses risk and protective factors in an adolescent's social context.
Secure Web Messaging in a Pediatric Chronic Care Clinic: A Slow Takeoff of “Kids' Airmail”
Authors: Hsiao Allen L. , Bazzy-Asaad Alia , Tolomeo Concettina , Edmonds Diana , Belton Beverly , Benin Andrea L. 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND:
Although e-mail may be an efficient clinician-patient communication tool, standard e-mail is not adequately secure to meet Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) guidelines. For this reason, firewall-secured electronic messaging systems have been developed for use in health care. Impact and usability of these secure systems have not been broadly assessed.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the impact of a secure electronic messaging system implemented for a pediatric subspecialty clinic.

METHODS:
This study was performed in an outpatient, academic pediatric respiratory clinic in spring 2009 in New Haven, Connecticut. Patients were surveyed prior to implementation regarding internet usage. The Kryptiq messaging system was implemented and messages were monitored continuously and tracked. Open-ended qualitative interviews with 28 users and nonusers were conducted, and we described the process of implementation.

RESULTS:
All of the 127 patients/families surveyed expressed interest in using the Internet to contact their clinic providers, and they all reported having the ability to access the Internet. In the 8 months after implementation, only 5 messages were initiated by patients in contrast to 2363 phone calls. Themes emerged from the open-ended interviews that indicated promoters, barriers, and potential uses. Prominent barriers included the lack of convenience and personal touch and being technically difficult to use.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although these patients/families expressed strong interest in e-mailing, secure Web messaging was less convenient than using the phone, too technically cumbersome, lacked a personal touch, and was used only by a handful of patients.