bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les pérégrinations de l'évergétisme en Méditerranée orientale du XVIIIe au XXIe siècle : éthique chrétienne, technologie de gouvernement et concept historiographique
Authors: Anastassiadis Anastassios 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Il existe aujourd’hui deux trajectoires parallèles du concept d’évergétisme : celle de son histoire en tant que concept historiographique relatif à l’Antiquité depuis le début du XX e siècle, popularisé par Paul Veyne, et celle de son actualité économique en tant que mécénat. Ces deux trajectoires se sont autrefois enchevêtrées et disposent d’un passé commun. Leurs racines peuvent être identifiées non pas dans l’Antiquité mais à la fin du XVIII e siècle, avec l’intégration progressive de l’Empire ottoman dans l’ordre politique et le système économique européens et la multiplication de pratiques de bienfaisance parmi les populations orthodoxes de l’Empire. Au XIX e siècle, ces pratiques innovantes de bienfaisance se développèrent à travers une réinterprétation de la morale confessionnelle traditionnelle qui libéra les énergies individuelles entrepreneuriales. Elles furent englobées dans un discours uniformisant et idéologisé qui utilisait le concept d’évergétisme pour désigner de manière indifférenciée l’Antiquité ou le gouvernement de l’État grec du XIX e siècle.
De la mise à l'épreuve des individus au gouvernement de soi
Authors: Vrancken Didier 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Depuis quelques années, le concept d’« épreuve » connaît un indéniable succès en sciences sociales. Bien sûr, les acceptions sont multiples, les approches théoriques également. Nous assisterions toutefois aujourd’hui à une tentative de reformulation de la question sociale, visant à percevoir celle-ci comme une succession d’épreuves individuelles mettant en scène des victimes appelées à parler, à prendre la parole et à livrer le récit de leur infortune dans toute une série de dispositifs d’aide et d’intervention. Ces dispositifs voient peu à peu le jour dans des secteurs aussi différents que ceux de l’aide sociale, de l’insertion professionnelle, de l’aide à la jeunesse, des politiques de la ville, de la santé, de la santé mentale et dans tous ces lieux où se joue la construction contemporaine d’un sujet que l’on voudrait plus actif, impliqué, responsable ou encore autonome.
Le politique a-t-il déserté le théâtre-action ?
Authors: Brahy Rachel 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Les pratiques culturelles participatives mises en place dans les années 1970 souffriraient, de nos jours, d’un effet de recyclage dépolitisant. À une organisation claire et bipolaire du monde (en « classes sociales » et en « blocs ») se serait aujourd’hui substitué un chaos postmoderne où la question du politique peine à être pensée. Qu’en est-il des pratiques théâtrales d’animation ? Le théâtre-action s’est-il vu progressivement vidé de sa substance politique ? Est-il devenu un simple outil au service du traitement de la question sociale ?
Théâtre identitaire ou théâtre universaliste
Authors: Hamidi-Kim Bérénice 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Alors que le cinquantenaire des indépendances a suscité autant de célébrations que de critiques desdites célébrations, l’enjeu du présent texte est de faire une étude comparée de deux spectacles récents qui ont en commun d’envisager le fait colonial comme un temps au passé mais également comme part du temps présent : Bloody Niggers (Dorcy Rugamba, Jacques Delcuvellerie, 2007) et Vive la France (Mohamed Rouabhi, 2006). Ces deux spectacles critiquent du même mouvement les survivances, les résurgences et les nouvelles formes de domination entre anciennes puissances coloniales et anciennes colonies, entre descendants de colons et descendants de colonisés. Peut-on alors qualifier ce théâtre de « postcolonial » ? S’agit-il d’un théâtre « identitaire » comme l’affirme Gérard Noiriel à propos de l’œuvre de Mohamed Rouabhi, ou d’un théâtre universaliste ? Entend-il faire œuvre historique ou prendre parti au sein d’une guerre des mémoires ? Poser ces questions suppose d’interroger le « au nom de quoi » et le « à partir d’où » de la dénonciation, ce qui implique de considérer avec attention la récurrence de certains choix esthétiques : l’utilisation de matériaux documentaires, le jeu sur la frontalité de l’adresse au public dans une forme-procès et la mise en scène d’une subjectivité indignée. Nous posons l’hypothèse que cette entrée dramaturgique permet de mettre au jour une force spécifique de la critique artistique susceptible d’œuvrer à la relance du projet critique.
L'occupation des terres et la lutte pour la reconnaissance : l'expérience des sans-terre au Brésil
Authors: Bleil Susana 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Au Brésil, la lutte des sans-terre existe depuis plus de vingt ans. Mais un grand nombre des caractéristiques de ce mouvement reste encore peu étudié et relativement obscur. L’article de Susana Bleil est issu d’un long travail de terrain. Il a pour objectif d’analyser les moyens d’actions et les valeurs mobilisées par les « sans-terre » lorsqu’ils s’installent sur une portion de territoire. « Se montrer digne » et « se faire respecter » par la population voisine ne va pas de soi. Pour illustrer cette difficulté, l’auteure s’attarde plus longuement sur l’exemple de la coopérative agricole Copavi 1 et sur la façon dont ses membres vont accomplir, dès leur arrivée sur la terre choisie, des actions qui leur permettent de faire face à, voire de retourner, la stigmatisation opérée par l’opinion publique et construite par les médias.
How Necessary are Hip Restrictions for Avoiding Dislocation following Hemiarthroplasty or Total Hip Arthroplasty in Older Patients with a Hip Fracture?
Authors: Stewart Lisa S P , McMillan Ian R 
Published: March 2011

Purpose: It is common practice for health care professionals to encourage hip fracture patients to adhere to a set of guidelines to prevent potential hip dislocation, so-called ‘hip restrictions’, following either hemiarthroplasty (partial) or total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this critical review was to investigate the factors influencing dislocation for hip fracture patients who had undergone hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty and whether there was evidence to support compliance with hip restrictions following surgery. Method: A search of published literature was carried out to collect the most relevant and highest level evidence available. It was considered important to determine what previous research had accomplished and which studies might have an indirect or implied relationship to the topic. This critical review investigates the literature available and whether studies carried out can inform current clinical practice. Findings: The evidence indicates that, for hemiarthroplasty, the surgical approach has a strong influence on the dislocation rate and the recommendation is that, if using an anterolateral approach, restricting hip movement following surgery is unnecessary. For total hip arthroplasty, the dislocation rate is higher in those requiring total hip arthroplasty following a hip fracture (trauma) than for those undergoing an elective, planned procedure. Conclusion: The limited body of research regarding compliance with hip restrictions and influence on the dislocation rate refers to elective, planned surgery only. Because the traumatic hip fracture population is entirely different from the elective population, the outcomes for the elective population cannot be generalised to those with a hip fracture in a trauma setting.
Exploring the Role of Touch in the First Year of Life: Mothers' Perspectives of Tactile Interactions with Their Infants
Authors: O'Brien Mairéad , Lynch Helen 
Published: March 2011

Introduction: Touch is a basic instinctual interaction between a parent and his or her infant and has a vital role in the infant's early development. Parents provide a variety of tactile stimulation while addressing their infant's daily care routines. This paper reports on research findings, exploring the nature of this tactile interaction and how it is influenced by personal and contextual factors. Method: A qualitative study, employing a phenomenological approach, was conducted to explore the experiential nature of tactile interaction. Data were collected from six mothers of typically developing infants through single semi-structured interviews, and analysed thematically. Credibility and trustworthiness were addressed throughout the research process through peer checking, an audit trail and the completion of a reflexive diary. Findings: The mothers described the importance of tactile interaction as a medium through which to bond with their infant and also discussed the influence that the infant's development has on this dyadic relationship. Personal and contextual factors were identified as affecting engagement in tactile interaction. Conclusion: Based on these findings, recommendations are made for occupational therapists who work with infants. The consideration of personal and contextual factors that influence mother-infant tactile interaction will contribute to a family-centred approach to therapy and support the achievement of best practice in this area.
Work-Related Injuries Amongst Occupational Therapists: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Passier Leanne , McPhail Steven 
Published: March 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to establish preliminary information regarding work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) amongst occupational therapists working in Australia. Method: Forty-six of 141 occupational therapists accepted an email invitation to complete a web-based survey. Results: The incidence of WRMDs was high, with 29 (63%) respondents experiencing one or more WRMDs within the previous 12 months and 38 (80.4%) over the course of their career. Of the 76 WRMDs described, 37 (48.7%) were not reported at all and only 5 (6.5%) were reported through official reporting systems. Conclusion: The findings from this study indicate that the current reporting of WRMDs is poor and that WRMDs have an impact on individuals' work and leisure activities.
Enhancing Professional Reasoning through the Use of Evidence-Based Assessments, Robust Case Formulations and Measurable Goals
Authors: Parkinson Sue , Shenfield Megan , Reece Katrina , Fisher Jessica 
Published: March 2011

The value of therapists documenting their clinical reasoning and negotiating specific and measurable goals is widely acknowledged. However, the literature suggests that practitioners often encounter barriers when implementing best practice. This article details how occupational therapists in Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust entered an academic partnership, which transformed their communication of clinical and professional reasoning. Having adopted a conceptual model of practice, they established clearly defined processes for assessment, case formulation and goal setting. Service users, carers and team members confirmed that these initiatives enhanced person-centred practice, highlighted occupational issues and made treatment planning more effective for the whole team.
Systemic Bevacizumab (Avastin) for Exudative Retinal Detachment Secondary to Choroidal Melanoma
Authors: Newman Hadas , Finger Paul T. , Chin Kimberly J. , Pavlick Anna C. 
Published: March 2011

Purpose. To evaluate the safety and effect of systemic anti-vascular endothelial growth factor bevacizumab (Avastin) in treatment of exudative retinal detachment secondary to choroidal melanoma. Methods. Two patients were definitively treated with ophthalmic plaque radiation therapy and subsequently given 10 mg/kg intravenous bevacizumab every 2 weeks for 3 or 4 cycles. Results. Complete resolution of the exudative retinal detachments occurred 1.2 months and 6.5 months after completion of systemic bevacizumab and 4.7 and 10 months after plaque therapy. The first patient's visual acuity improved from counting fingers at 1 foot to 20/80 (at 40 months), while his tumor regressed from 9.2 to 3.7 mm in apical height. The second patient's initial acuity was 20/20 and final acuity was 20/80 (at 35 months), while her tumor height regressed from 12.2 to 6.3 mm. No exudative retinal detachment, intraocular or systemic tumor recurrence was noted up to 40 and 35 months, respectively. Acute side effects of intravenous bevacizumab therapy included hypertension, headaches, and amenorrhea, which shortly resolved after completion of therapy. Conclusions. This pilot study suggests that systemic bevacizumab was associated with transient systemic effects as well as resolution of choroidal melanoma-related exudative retinal detachment.
Structural Determinants of the Sign of the Pyroelectric Effect in Quasi‐Amorphous SrTiO3 Films
Authors: Shelukhin Victor , Ehre David , Lavert Etay , Wachtel Ellen , Feldman Yishay , Tagantsev Alexander , Lubomirsky Igor 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe magnitude and direction of the permanent electric polarization in the non‐crystalline, polar phase (termed quasi‐amorphous) of SrTiO3 in Si\SiO2\Me\SrTiO3\Me, (Me = Cr or W), Si\SrRuO3\SrTiO3, and Si\SrTiO3 layered structures were investigated. Three potential sources of the polarization which appears after the material is pulled through a temperature gradient were considered: a) contact potential difference; b) a flexoelectric effect due to a strain gradient caused by substrate curvature; and c) a flexoelectric effect due to the thermally induced strain gradient that develops while pulling through the steep temperature gradient. Measurements show that options a) and b) can be eliminated from consideration. In most cases studied in this (Si\SrTiO3, Si\SiO2\Me\SrTiO3\Me, M = Cr or W) and previous works (Si\BaTiO3, Si\BaZrO3), the top surface of the quasi‐amorphous phase acquires a negative charge upon heating. However, in Si\SrRuO3\SrTiO3 structures the top surface acquires a positive charge upon heating. On the basis of the difference in the measured expansion of the upper and lower surfaces of the SrTiO3 layer in the presence and absence of SrRuO3, we contend that the magnitude and direction of the pyroelectric effect are determined by the out‐of‐plane gradient of the in‐plane strain in the SrTiO3 layer while pulling through the temperature gradient.
Self‐Assembly at Different Length Scales: Polyphilic Star‐Branched Liquid Crystals and Miktoarm Star Copolymers
Authors: Ungar Goran , Tschierske Carsten , Abetz Volker , Holyst Robert , Bates Martin A. , Liu Feng , Prehm Marko , Kieffer Robert , Zeng Xiangbing , Walker Martin , Glettner Benjamin , Zywocinski Andrzej 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe diversity of phase morphologies observed recently in star‐branched liquid‐crystalline and polymeric compounds containing at least three immiscible segments is reviewed. Bolaamphiphiles and facial amphiphiles with rodlike aromatic cores, two end‐groups, and one (T‐shape) or two (X‐shape) chains attached laterally to the core, form numerous honeycomblike liquid‐crystal phases, as well as a variety of novel lamellar and 3D‐ordered mesophases. Molecular self‐organization is described in bulk phases and in thin films on solid and liquid surfaces, as well as in Langmuir–Blodgett films. The remarkably reversible formation of mono‐ and trilayer films is highlighted. In the bulk, T‐shaped “rod–coil” molecules without appended end‐groups form predominantly lamellar phases if the core is a straight rod, but the bent‐core variety forms hexagonal honeycombs. Furthermore, self‐assembly of “Janus”‐type molecules, is discussed. Also covered is the diversity of morphologies observed in miktoarm star terpolymers, i.e., polymers with three different and incompatible arms of well defined lengths. Similarities and differences are highlighted between the liquid‐crystal morphologies on the 3–15 nm scale and the polymer morphologies on the scale of 10–100 nm. A separate section is dedicated to computer simulations of such systems, particularly those using dissipative particle and molecular dynamics. Of special interest are the recently synthesised X‐shaped tetraphilic molecules, where two different and incompatible side‐chains are attached at opposite sides of the rodlike core. The tendency for their phase separation produces liquid‐crystal honeycombs with cells of different compositions that can be represented as a plane paved with different colored tiles. The independent variation of chain length and “color” creates the potential for developing a considerable range of complex new 2D and 3D soft nanostructures. Analogous X‐shaped rod–coil compounds with unequal side groups are also of considerable interest, forming tubular lyotropic structures capable of confining strings of guest molecules.
Neutron Diffraction Investigations of Magnetism in BiFeO3 Epitaxial Films
Authors: Ratcliff William , Kan Daisuke , Chen Wangchun , Watson Shannon , Chi Songxue , Erwin Ross , McIntyre Garry J. , Capelli Sylvia C. , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe recovery of a modulated magnetic structure in epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films as revealed by neutron diffraction is reported. The magnetic structure in thin films is found to strongly depend on substrate orientation. The substrate orientation causes different strain–relaxation processes resulting in different thin‐film crystal structures. The (110) oriented film with a monoclinic structural phase has a single‐domain modulated magnetic structure where the magnetic moment lies in the HHL plane. For the (111) oriented film that has a rhombohedral structure, a modulated structure superimposed on the G‐type antiferromagnetic order is found. These results indicate that slight structural modifications in the BiFeO3 thin film cause drastic changes in the magnetic structure.
Salt Concentration Effects in Planar Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: van Reenen Stephan , Matyba Piotr , Dzwilewski Andrzej , Janssen René A. J. , Edman Ludvig , Kemerink Martijn 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIncorporation of ions in the active layer of organic semiconductor devices may lead to attractive device properties like enhanced injection and improved carrier transport. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the salt concentration on the operation of light‐emitting electrochemical cells, using experiments and numerical calculations. The current density and light emission are shown to increase linearly with increasing ion concentration over a wide range of concentrations. The increasing current is accompanied by an ion redistribution, leading to a narrowing of the recombination zone. Hence, in absence of detrimental side reactions and doping‐related luminescence quenching, the ion concentration should be as high as possible.
A Microfluidic, Reversibly Stretchable, Large‐Area Wireless Strain Sensor
Authors: Cheng Shi , Wu Zhigang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article describes the implementation and characterization of a new self‐contained large‐area wireless strain sensor, operating around 1.5 GHz, based on the concept of multi‐layer microfluidic stretchable radiofrequency electronics (μFSRFEs). Compared to existing solutions, the presented integrated strain sensor is capable of remotely detecting repeated high tensile dynamic strains of up to 15% over very large surfaces or movable parts, and gets rid of all hardwiring to external storage or data processing equipment. Unlike conventional electronic devices, the major part of the sensor is a mechanically reconfigurable and reversibly deformable patch antenna, which consists of two layers of liquid metal alloy filled microfluidic channels in a silicone elastomer. A simplified radiofrequency (RF) transmitter composed of miniaturized rigid active integrated circuits (ICs) associated with discrete passive components was assembled on a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) and then heterogeneously integrated to the antenna. The elastic patch antenna can withstand repeated mechanical stretches while still maintaining its electrical function to some extent, and return to its original state after removal of the stress. Additionally, its electrical characteristics at frequency of operation are highly sensitive to mechanical strains. Consequently, not only is this antenna a radiator for transmitting and receiving RF signals like any other conventional antennas, but also acts as a reversible large‐area strain sensor in the integrated device. Good electrical performance of the standalone antenna and the RF transmitter sub‐module was respectively verified by experiments. Furthermore, a personal computer (PC)‐assisted RF receiver for receiving and processing the measured data was also designed, implemented, and evaluated. In the real‐life demonstration, the integrated strain sensor successfully monitored periodically repeated human body motion, and wirelessly transmitted the measured data to the custom‐designed receiver at a distance of 5m in real‐time.
Fabrication of Silica Nanoparticles with Both Efficient Fluorescence and Strong Magnetization and Exploration of Their Biological Applications
Authors: Mahtab Faisal , Yu Yong , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Liu Jianzhao , Zhang Bei , Lu Ping , Zhang Xixiang , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNanoparticles with both efficient light emission and strong magnetization (MFSNPs) are fabricated by one‐pot, surfactant‐free sol–gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane and silole‐functionalized siloxane in the presence of citrate‐coated magnetite nanoparticles. The MFSNPs are uniformly sized with smooth surfaces. They possess core–shell structures and exhibit appreciable surface charges and hence good colloidal stability. The MFSNPs are superparamagnetic, exhibiting no hysteresis at room temperature. UV irradiation of the suspension of MFSNPs in ethanol gives strong green emission at 486 nm, thanks to the novel aggregation‐induced emission characteristics of the silole aggregates in the hybrid nanoparticles. The MFSNPs can selectively stain the cytoplasmic regions of the living cells. Addition of (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane during the fabrication of MFSNPs has generated MFSNP‐NH2 with numerous amino groups decorated on the surface, enabling the nanoparticles to immobilize bovine serum albumin efficiently.
Continuous‐time modeling and global optimization approach for scheduling of crude oil operations
Authors: Li Jie , Misener Ruth , Floudas Christodoulos A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractScheduling of crude oil operations is a critical and complicated component of overall refinery operations, because crude oil costs account for about 80% of the refinery turnover. Moreover, blending with less expensive crudes can significantly increase profit margins. The mathematical modeling of blending different crudes in storage tanks results in many bilinear terms, which transforms the problem into a challenging, nonconvex, and mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) optimization model. Two primary contributions have been made. First, the authors developed a novel unit‐specific event‐based continuous‐time MINLP formulation for this problem. Then they incorporated realistic operational features such as single buoy mooring (SBM), multiple jetties, multiparcel vessels, single‐parcel vessels, crude blending, brine settling, crude segregation, and multiple tanks feeding one crude distillation unit at one time and vice versa. In addition, 15 important volume‐based or weight‐based crude property indices are also considered. Second, they exploited recent advances in piecewise‐linear underestimation of bilinear terms within a branch‐and‐bound algorithm to globally optimize the MINLP problem. It is shown that the continuous‐time model results in substantially fewer bilinear terms. Several examples taken from the work of Li et al. are used to illustrate that (1) better solutions are obtained and (2) ε‐global optimality can be attained using the proposed branch‐and‐bound global optimization algorithm with piecewise‐linear underestimations of the bilinear terms. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012