bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn caused by red blood cell antibodies undetected at first‐trimester screening (CME)
Authors: Dajak Slavica , Stefanović Vedran , Čapkun Vesna 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND: The objective was to determine clinical consequences of anti‐D and non‐D antibodies undetected at first‐trimester screening for infant or fetus.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included all pregnant women with red blood cell (RBC) antibodies who were tested between 1993 and 2008. Data were obtained from the forms for tracking immunization at the transfusion department. Each form was analyzed for three data sets: the order of screening at which the antibodies were detected (initial or repeated screening), the order of pregnancy (first pregnancy or higher), and whether the antibodies caused severe hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn (HDFN).RESULTS: In D– women, anti‐D was detected in 1.3% of cases. The anti‐D was undetected in 72 (37%) cases on the first‐trimester screening, of which eight cases were complicated by severe HDFN. In this group, three patients were primigravidae. An overall non‐D incidence of 0.2% was observed. In 16 cases, non‐D were undetected on the first‐trimester screening (10 anti‐c, two anti‐E, two anti‐C, one anti‐S, and one case of anti‐Rh17). Non‐D antibodies undetected on initial screening caused 11 cases of severe HDFN (27% of all severe non‐D HDFN). Ten of them were in multiparous women. Seven of 11 cases with severe HDFN that were missed were caused by anti‐c.CONCLUSION: The third‐trimester screening may detect RBC antibodies that were not present or detected on the first‐trimester screening. Such screening may be especially relevant in D+ multiparous women due to the risk of HDFN.
A randomized controlled trial comparing autologous radiolabeled in vivo platelet (PLT) recoveries and survivals of 7‐day‐stored PLT‐rich plasma and buffy coat PLTs from the same subjects
Authors: Dumont Larry J. , Dumont Deborah F. , Unger Zoe M. , Siegel Alan , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Corson Jill S. , Jones Mary Kay , Christoffel Todd , Pellham Esther , Bailey S. Lawrence , Slichter Sherrill J. ,   for the BEST Collaborative
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND: A recent review concluded that there was inadequate evidence to show a difference between buffy coat (BC) and platelet (PLT)‐rich plasma (PRP) PLT concentrates prepared from whole blood. We hypothesized that 7‐day‐stored BC‐PLTs would have superior autologous recoveries and survivals compared to PRP‐PLTs and that both would meet the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria for poststorage viability.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a randomized, crossover study design in healthy subjects who provided informed consent. Each participant donated a unit of whole blood on two occasions. In random order, either BC‐PLTs or PC‐PLTs were prepared after a 20 ± 2°C overnight hold of the whole blood. PLTs were stored under standard conditions. On Day 7, fresh PLTs were prepared from 43 mL of autologous whole blood. The fresh PLTs paired with either BC‐PLTs or PRP‐PLTs were alternately labeled with 111In or 51Cr and simultaneously reinfused to determine recoveries and survivals. In vitro assays were performed on Days 1 and 7.RESULTS: Fourteen subjects completed the study at two sites. No differences in poststorage PLT viabilities were observed between BC‐PLTs and PRP‐PLTs; recovery differences averaged 3.7 ± 2.4% (±SE, p = 0.15) and survival differences averaged 0.48 ± 0.56 days (p = 0.41). Neither type of PLTs met the current FDA criteria for either poststorage PLT recoveries or survivals.CONCLUSION: We were unable to demonstrate that single‐unit BC‐PLTs stored for 7 days have superior poststorage viability compared to PRP‐PLTs. Failure to meet the minimum FDA criteria for poststorage PLT viability raises questions regarding the acceptance thresholds of these metrics.
The 308‐nm excimer laser: a promising device for the treatment of childhood vitiligo
Authors: Cho Suhyun , Zheng Zhenlong , Park Yoon‐Kee , Roh Mi Ryung 
Published: January 2011

Background: Numerous modalities have been used to treat vitiligo in children. Up to now, phototherapy and topical corticosteroids are the most commonly used treatments for adult vitiligo but studies evaluating the efficacy of these treatments in the pediatric population remain insufficient.Objective: This study was a retrospective review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 308‐nm excimer laser treatment in 30 childhood vitiligo patients.Methods: Thirty vitiligo patients with 40 vitiligo patches were evaluated after the cessation of 308‐nm excimer laser treatment.Results: Seventeen patients (56.7%) with 20 patches (50%) achieved an acceptable degree (>50%) of repigmentation at the end of the treatment, with five patches (12.5%) showing >75% of repigmentation. The treatment response showed anatomical preferences, favoring the face, neck and trunk. However, the treatment response did not correlate to the cumulative dose or duration of treatment. Side effects occurred in nine patients, but were transient and minimal.Conclusion: The results of this study shows that the 308‐nm excimer laser can be an effective and promising device for the treatment of various vitiligo types, other than generalized, in childhood.
The East as Poetic Commodity in Shakespeare’s Venus and Adonis
Authors: Jacobson Miriam 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAlthough a great deal of current scholarship explores the impact of England’s trade with the Ottoman Empire and the East on early modern drama and travel narratives, very little has turned to poetry, and even less to Shakespeare’s poetry. I suggest that this is because we have been asking the wrong questions of early modern poetry. Instead of searching for representations of Oriental identity in poetry, we should look for evidence of the interplay of Eastern aesthetics and commodities in English verse, in order to interpret the intellectual and artistic effects of the mercantile and political exchange between East and West. This essay attempts to uncover an Eastern aesthetic in Shakespeare’s first narrative poem, Venus and Adonis. I contend that Adonis’s horse and the flower into which he transforms function as imported Eastern aesthetic commodities in the poem on many levels. First, the prized Arabian stallion’s Eastern heritage both exoticizes and naturalizes desire. Second, as valuable aesthetic objects capable of being bred (the horse) and propagated (the bulb) to generate economic success, both horse and flower perform the poetic and rhetorical roles of furthering the poem’s goal of out‐stripping Ovid and classical poetry and making a name for Shakespeare in the literary marketplace. Though Venus is unsuccessful in her courtship, Adonis’s horse and the flower into which he transforms are not. Their display in the poem attempts to breed fame and fortune for the poem’s new author in the same way an expensive imported animal or botanical specimen might for a nobleman, counteracting the poem’s narrative outcome.
‘A’isha bint Abi Bakr and her Contributions to the Formation of the Islamic Tradition
Authors: Geissinger Aisha 
Published: January 2011

Abstract‘A’isha bint Abi Bakr (d. 678 CE) is probably best known today as a wife of the Prophet Muhammad, whose life is particularly notable due to her involvement in several dramatic events which subsequently loomed large in inter‐Muslim sectarian polemic. However, her portrayal in many Sunni medieval texts from a variety of literary genres as an authority on subjects ranging from law to variant readings of the Quran is beginning to receive more scholarly attention. This article brings together existing critical research on the presentation of ‘A’isha in classical Muslim works as a source of legal traditions and hadiths as well as a transmitter of the Quran, summarizes some of my own research, and points to ways that her image as an intellectual figure continues to be important to many Muslims today.
Should I Stay or Should I Go? Termination as a Tactic and Norwegian Mediation in Sri Lanka1
Authors: Höglund Kristine , Svensson Isak 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWhat explains a mediator’s choice of tactic when faced with a situation of crisis? This article focuses on mediation in internal armed conflicts and on one particular mediation tactic: the use of the exit option as a means to pressure the parties to enter into negotiations and make concessions to end the war. We examine the conditions under which the exit option—here referred to as the termination tactic—is likely to be used. Utilizing a cost–benefit approach, we develop a theoretical framework for understanding when mediators will employ the termination tactic. The framework is applied to four crises in the Sri Lankan peace process (2000–2006), during which Norway acted as a mediator. The analysis indicates that the termination tactic is employed when mediators (a) expect few rewards from involvement in the process, (b) deem other tactics as being ineffective, and (c) perceive that the parties have incentives for mediation.
Self‐Compassion, Self‐Esteem, and Well‐Being
Authors: Neff Kristin D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article focuses on the construct of self‐compassion and how it differs from self‐esteem. First, it discusses the fact that while self‐esteem is related to psychological well‐being, the pursuit of high self‐esteem can be problematic. Next it presents another way to feel good about oneself: self‐compassion. Self‐compassion entails treating oneself with kindness, recognizing one’s shared humanity, and being mindful when considering negative aspects of oneself. Finally, this article suggests that self‐compassion may offer similar mental health benefits as self‐esteem, but with fewer downsides. Research is presented which shows that self‐compassion provides greater emotional resilience and stability than self‐esteem, but involves less self‐evaluation, ego‐defensiveness, and self‐enhancement than self‐esteem. Whereas self‐esteem entails evaluating oneself positively and often involves the need to be special and above average, self‐compassion does not entail self‐evaluation or comparisons with others. Rather, it is a kind, connected, and clear‐sighted way of relating to ourselves even in instances of failure, perceived inadequacy, and imperfection.
Emotional Intelligence: Implications for Personal, Social, Academic, and Workplace Success
Authors: Brackett Marc A. , Rivers Susan E. , Salovey Peter 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article presents an overview of the ability model of emotional intelligence and includes a discussion about how and why the concept became useful in both educational and workplace settings. We review the four underlying emotional abilities comprising emotional intelligence and the assessment tools that that have been developed to measure the construct. A primary goal is to provide a review of the research describing the correlates of emotional intelligence. We describe what is known about how emotionally intelligent people function both intra‐ and interpersonally and in both academic and workplace settings.
Affective Processing and Emotion Regulation in Dysphoria and Depression: Cognitive Biases and Deficits in Cognitive Control
Authors: Joormann Jutta , Siemer Matthias 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this article, we take a closer look at the cognitive processing of emotional material in dysphoria and depression and link cognitive biases and deficits to individual differences in emotion regulation, an important risk factor for depression. Specifically, we propose that cognitive biases are associated with individual differences in the initial appraisal and reappraisal of emotion‐eliciting events. In addition, deficits in cognitive control result in prolonged processing of negative, goal‐irrelevant aspects of information as well as in decreased accessibility of mood‐incongruent material. These deficits further affect people’s ability to regulate negative affect by setting the stage for ruminative responses and by interfering with the use of reappraisal after the onset of an emotional response. This article provides a brief summary of findings that support these propositions and outlines implications for future research on the relation among affective processing, cognitive control, and emotion regulation in dysphoria and depression.
Beyond Fear: Sociological Perspectives on the Criminalization of School Discipline
Authors: Hirschfield Paul J. , Celinska Katarzyna 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSince the early 1990s American schools have adopted a number of practices – zero tolerance, school police, metal detectors, drug sweeps, and surveillance cameras – that signal a shift from a discretionary student disciplinary framework to a crime control paradigm. The sociological sub‐field that centers on the examination and interpretation of the criminalization of school discipline is still in its formative stages and, consequently, even basic conceptual issues remain unsettled. However, sustained by a growing body of ethnographic research, the field’s theoretical discussions and debates regarding the causes, consequences, and social distribution of school criminalization are complex, vibrant, and synergistic. In the broadest terms, this field explores how school criminalization expresses, accommodates, and reinforces broader fears and political‐economic changes. The field also includes a disappointingly but understandably small number of quantitative studies that bear directly on these theories. The field’s critical, sociological insights will find and resonate with a broader audience (including policy‐makers) only after an equally innovative and vigorous quantitative empirical tradition emerges to refine and validate its theoretical contributions.
Primary non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the mandible manifesting as a dentigerous cyst
Authors: Burns F.M. , Parks S. , Marley J.J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLymphomas are malignant neoplasms affecting the lymphoreticular system and arise from proliferation of lymphoid cells or their precursors. Lymphomas are separated into two subtypes: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).Primary malignant NHL of the mandible is rare. Owing to their low frequency and to their non‐specific symptoms, primary malignant NHL of the mandible is often misdiagnosed.We describe a case of a primary large B‐cell lymphoma in the left mandible that manifested as an infected dentigerous cyst associated with an unerupted lower left wisdom tooth.
A theory‐based intervention to reduce alcohol drinking in excess of guideline limits among undergraduate students
Authors: Hagger Martin S. , Lonsdale Adam , Chatzisarantis Nikos L. D. 
Published: January 2011

Objectives. Undergraduate students frequently exceed guideline limits for alcohol intake in a single session and are highly susceptible to associated health, social, and economic problems. Psychological theory suggests that interventions aimed at reducing alcohol consumption should target both motivational and volitional phases of action to be effective. This study reports an integrated theory‐based intervention aimed at reducing undergraduates’ alcohol consumption in excess of guideline limits.Design. The study adopted a 2 (motivation: mental simulation vs. no mental simulation) × 2 (volitional: implementation intention vs. no implementation intention) randomized controlled design presented in an online format.Methods. Undergraduate students (N= 238; females, n= 133, M age = 20.11, SD= 2.09; males, n= 105, M age = 20.38, SD= 1.35) completed baseline psychological measures and self‐reported alcohol consumption as units consumed and heavy episodic drinking occasions followed by the intervention manipulation (if any). One month later participants completed follow‐up measures of the psychological variables and alcohol consumption.Results. Significant reductions in alcohol consumption were observed at follow‐up. Participants receiving a mental simulation intervention reported significantly fewer units of alcohol consumed and heavy episodic drinking occasions. Among participants with high baseline alcohol consumption, participants in the combined mental simulation and implementation intention intervention group consumed significantly fewer units than other groups.Conclusion. Results support the use of these theory‐based strategies to reduce alcohol drinking in excess of guideline limits among undergraduates. There was preliminary support for the interaction between the two strategies among heavier drinkers. Targeting both motivational and implemental phases of action poses a high probability for success in changing alcohol‐related behaviour in this population.
Susceptibility of Clinical
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Isolates to a Potentially Less Toxic Derivate of Linezolid, PNU-100480
Authors: Alffenaar J. W. C. , van der Laan T. , Simons S. , van der Werf T. S. , van de Kasteele P. J. , de Neeling H. , van Soolingen D. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Susceptibility of clinical
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
isolates to PNU-100480 and linezolid was evaluated by the MGIT 960 system. The isolates had various susceptibilities to isoniazid (INH), rifampin, ethambutol, and streptomycin. The mean MIC for PNU-100480 was 3.2 times lower than that for linezolid. Therefore, PNU-100480 is a promising candidate to be developed further as an adjunct in the treatment of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/XDR-TB).
Desbutyl-Lumefantrine Is a Metabolite of Lumefantrine with Potent
In Vitro
Antimalarial Activity That May Influence Artemether-Lumefantrine Treatment Outcome
Authors: Wong Rina P. M. , Salman Sam , Ilett Kenneth F. , Siba Peter M. , Mueller Ivo , Davis Timothy M. E. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Desbutyl-lumefantrine (DBL) is a metabolite of lumefantrine. Preliminary data from
Plasmodium falciparum
field isolates show greater antimalarial potency than, and synergy with, the parent compound and synergy with artemisinin. In the present study, the
in vitro
activity and interactions of DBL were assessed from tritium-labeled hypoxanthine uptake in cultures of the laboratory-adapted strains 3D7 (chloroquine sensitive) and W2mef (chloroquine resistant). The geometric mean 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC
50
s) for DBL against 3D7 and W2mef were 9.0 nM (95% confidence interval, 5.7 to 14.4 nM) and 9.5 nM (95% confidence interval, 7.5 to 11.9 nM), respectively, and those for lumefantrine were 65.2 nM (95% confidence interval, 42.3 to 100.8 nM) and 55.5 nM (95% confidence interval, 40.6 to 75.7 nM), respectively. An isobolographic analysis of DBL and lumefantrine combinations showed no interaction in either laboratory-adapted strain but mild synergy between DBL and dihydroartemisinin (sums of the fractional inhibitory concentrations of 0.92 [95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 0.98] and 0.94 [95% confidence interval, 0.90 to 0.99] for 3D7 and W2mef, respectively). Using a validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay and 94 day 7 samples from a previously reported intervention trial, the mean plasma DBL was 31.9 nM (range, 1.3 to 123.1 nM). Mean plasma DBL concentrations were lower in children who failed artemether-lumefantrine treatment than in those with an adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) (
P
= 0.053 versus
P
> 0.22 for plasma lumefantrine and the plasma lumefantrine-to-DBL ratio, respectively). DBL is more potent than the parent compound and mildly synergistic with dihydroartemisinin. These properties and the relationship between day 7 plasma concentrations and the ACPR suggest that it could be a useful alternative to lumefantrine as a part of artemisinin combination therapy.
Airborne bacteria concentrations and related factors at university laboratories, hospital diagnostic laboratories and a biowaste site
Authors: Hwang Sung Ho , Park Dong Uk , Ha Kwon Chul , Cho Hyun Woo , Yoon Chung Sik 
Published: January 2011

AimsTo evaluate concentrations of airborne bacteria in university laboratories, hospital diagnostic laboratories, and a biowaste site in Seoul, Korea. To measure total airborne bacteria (TAB), the authors assessed sampling site, type of ventilation system, weather and detection of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), indoors and outdoors.MethodAn Andersen one-stage sampler (Quick Take 30; SKC Inc) was used to sample air at a flow rate of 28.3 l/min for 5 min on nutrient medium in Petri dishes located on the impactor. A total of 236 samples (TAB, 109 indoor and nine outdoor; GNB, 109 indoor and nine outdoor) were collected three times in each spot from the 11 facilities to compare airborne bacteria concentrations.ResultsTAB concentrations ranged from undetectable to 3451 CFU/m3(mean 384 CFU/m3), and GNB concentrations from undetectable to 394 CFU/m3(mean 17 CFU/m3). TAB concentrations were high in window-ventilated facilities and facilities in which GNB were detected; concentrations were also high when it was rainy (all p values <0.05). TAB concentrations correlated significantly with GNB (r=0.548, p<0.01), number of bacteria species (r=0.351, p<0.01) and temperature (r=0.297, p<0.01). The presence of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC), the number of TAB species and the detection of GNB affect TAB concentrations in laboratories.ConclusionsIt is recommended that special attention be given to regular control of indoor environments to improve the air quality of university and hospital laboratories.
Cryptic biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships revealed by DNA barcoding of Oriental black flies in the subgenusGomphostilbia(Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: Pramual Pairot , Wongpakam Komgrit , Adler Peter H. 
Published: January 2011

Understanding the medical, economic, and ecological importance of black flies relies on correct identification of species. However, traditional taxonomy of black flies is impeded by a high degree of morphological uniformity, especially the presence of cryptic biodiversity, historically recognized by details of chromosomal banding patterns. We assess the utility of DNA barcoding, based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences, for identifying 13 species of Oriental black flies in the subgenus Gomphostilbia. Samples of larvae fixed in Carnoy’s solution were used to gather molecular and chromosomal data from the same individual. We found that larvae refrigerated in Carnoy’s fixative for as long as 11 years can be used for DNA study. Levels of intraspecific genetic divergence, based on the Kimura-2 parameter, range from 0% to 9.28%, with a mean of 2.75%, whereas interspecific genetic divergence ranges from 0.34% to 16.05%. Values of intraspecific and interspecific genetic divergence overlap in seven species owing to incomplete lineage sorting and imperfect taxonomy, implying that DNA barcoding to identify these species will be ambiguous. Despite a low level of success, we found that DNA barcoding is useful in revealing cryptic biodiversity, potentially facilitating traditional taxonomy. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that species groups currently recognized on morphological criteria are not monophyletic, suggesting a need to reevaluate the classification of the subgenus Gomphostilbia.