bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large language models can infer psychological dispositions of social media users
Authors: Peters Heinrich , Matz Sandra C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate increasingly human-like abilities across a wide variety of tasks. In this paper, we investigate whether LLMs like ChatGPT can accurately infer the psychological dispositions of social media users and whether their ability to do so varies across socio-demographic groups. Specifically, we test whether GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 can derive the Big Five personality traits from users’ Facebook status updates in a zero-shot learning scenario. Our results show an average correlation of r=0.29 (range=[0.22,0.33]) between LLM-inferred and self-reported trait scores—a level of accuracy that is similar to that of supervised machine learning models specifically trained to infer personality. Our findings also highlight heterogeneity in the accuracy of personality inferences across different age groups and gender categories: predictions were found to be more accurate for women and younger individuals on several traits, suggesting a potential bias stemming from the underlying training data or differences in online self-expression. The ability of LLMs to infer psychological dispositions from user-generated text has the potential to democratize access to cheap and scalable psychometric assessments for both researchers and practitioners. On the one hand, this democratization might facilitate large-scale research of high ecological validity and spark innovation in personalized services. On the other hand, it also raises ethical concerns regarding user privacy and self-determination, highlighting the need for stringent ethical frameworks and regulation.
Border carbon adjustments in agri-food markets: Not as effective as one might think
Authors: Nordin Ida , Wilhelmsson Fredrik , Jansson Torbjörn , Fellmann Thomas , Barreiro-Hurle Jesús , Himics Mihaly 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Using the EU as case study, we simulate the impact of border carbon adjustments on agri-food markets. While border carbon adjustments alleviate adverse carbon price impacts on EU agricultural competitiveness and emission leakage, our simulation results also reveal that (i) border carbon adjustments may diminish domestic mitigation efforts, thereby partly offsetting benefits from reduced emission leakage, and (ii) trade diversion further undermines global emission reduction. The results indicate that border carbon adjustments on agri-food products in major exporting countries with emission-efficient production systems may not reduce global emissions as effectively as commonly assumed, highlighting the importance of emission efficiency improvements especially in developing and emerging countries.
Genetic Implication of Prenatal GABAergic and Cholinergic Neuron Development in Susceptibility to Schizophrenia
Authors: Cameron Darren , Vinh Ngoc-Nga , Prapaiwongs Parinda , Perry Elizabeth A , Walters James T R , Li Meng , O’Donovan Michael C , Bray Nicholas J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The ganglionic eminences (GE) are fetal-specific structures that give rise to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)- and acetylcholine-releasing neurons of the forebrain. Given the evidence for GABAergic, cholinergic, and neurodevelopmental disturbances in schizophrenia, we tested the potential involvement of GE neuron development in mediating genetic risk for the condition.

Study Design
We combined data from a recent large-scale genome-wide association study of schizophrenia with single-cell RNA sequencing data from the human GE to test the enrichment of schizophrenia risk variation in genes with high expression specificity for developing GE cell populations. We additionally performed the single nuclei Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with Sequencing (snATAC-Seq) to map potential regulatory genomic regions operating in individual cell populations of the human GE, using these to test for enrichment of schizophrenia common genetic variant liability and to functionally annotate non-coding variants-associated with the disorder.

Study Results
Schizophrenia common variant liability was enriched in genes with high expression specificity for developing neuron populations that are predicted to form dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-expressing GABAergic medium spiny neurons of the striatum, cortical somatostatin-positive GABAergic interneurons, calretinin-positive GABAergic neurons, and cholinergic neurons. Consistent with these findings, schizophrenia genetic risk was concentrated in predicted regulatory genomic sequence mapped in developing neuronal populations of the GE.

Conclusions
Our study implicates prenatal development of specific populations of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons in later susceptibility to schizophrenia, and provides a map of predicted regulatory genomic elements operating in cells of the GE.
Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Treatment Strategies for Antipsychotic-Induced Akathisia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Furukawa Yuki , Imai Kota , Takahashi Yusuke , Efthimiou Orestis , Leucht Stefan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Antipsychotics are the treatment of choice for schizophrenia, but they often induce akathisia. However, comparative efficacy of treatment strategies for akathisia remains unclear.

Design
We performed a systematic review and network meta-analyses (PROSPERO CRD42023450720). We searched multiple databases on July 24, 2023. We included randomized clinical trials comparing 1 or more treatment strategies for antipsychotic-induced akathisia against each other or control conditions. We included adults with schizophrenia or other psychiatric disorders treated with antipsychotics. The primary outcome was akathisia severity at posttreatment. Secondary outcomes included akathisia response, all-cause dropout, psychotic symptoms, and long-term akathisia severity. We synthesized data in random effects frequentist network meta-analyses and assessed confidence in the evidence using CINeMA.

Results
We identified 19 trials with 661 randomized participants (mean age 35.9 [standard deviation 12.0]; 36.7% [195 of 532] women). No trials examined dose reduction or switching of antipsychotics. Findings suggested 5-HT2A antagonists (k = 6, n = 108; standardized mean difference [SMD] −1.07 [95% confidence interval, −1.42; −0.71]) and beta-blockers (k = 8, n = 105; SMD −0.46 [−0.85; −0.07]) may improve akathisia severity, but confidence in the evidence was deemed low. We also found that benzodiazepines (k = 2, n = 13; SMD −1.62 [−2.64; −0.59]) and vitamin B6 (k = 3, n = 67; SMD −0.99 [−1.49; −0.50]) might also be beneficial, but confidence in the evidence was very low. Analyses of secondary outcomes did not provide additional insights.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that 5-HT2A antagonists, beta-blockers, and with a lesser certainty, benzodiazepines, and vitamin B6 might improve akathisia. Given the low to very low confidence in the evidence of add-on agents and the absence of evidence of their long-term efficacy, careful consideration of side effects is warranted. These recommendations are extremely preliminary and further trials are needed.
Shorter sleep duration and lesser sleep efficiency are associated with poorer memory functions among non-demented, middle-aged, and older rural Indians
Authors: Rai Pooja , Sundarakumar Jonas S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep is known to be involved in cognitive processes, such as memory encoding and consolidation, and poor sleep is a potential risk factor for dementia. This study aims to investigate the effect of sleep quality on memory functions among middle-aged and older adults from a rural Indian population.

Methods
Participants were non-demented, rural Indians (≥45 years) from an ongoing, prospective, aging cohort study, namely Srinivaspura Aging, NeuroSenescence, and COGnition (SANSCOG) study. Cross-sectional (baseline) data on seven sleep dimensions was obtained using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Memory functions were assessed using immediate recall, delayed recall, name-face association, and semantic association from a culturally validated, computerized, neurocognitive test battery. Linear regression models, unadjusted and adjusted for cognitive status, age, sex, and depression were used to analyze the association between each sleep dimension and the memory tests.

Results
A total of 1195 participants, with a mean age of 57.10 years, were included. Out of the seven sleep dimensions of the PSQI, only two dimensions, namely sleep duration and sleep efficiency, were significantly associated with memory functions. In the fully adjusted model, shorter sleep duration was significantly associated with poorer performance in delayed recall, and lesser sleep efficiency was significantly associated with poorer delayed recall and semantic association performance.

Conclusions
Specific sleep characteristics appear to influence memory functions in aging Indians well before the onset of dementia. In the backdrop of the non-availability of a definitive treatment for dementia, promptly identifying and addressing these problems could be an effective, community-level strategy for preventing dementia.
Switzerland: The Swiss Family Foundation—revival for family wealth and estate planning?
Authors: Weiss Kinga M , Weber Andrea Tina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Due to an increasingly strict interpretation of admissible purposes of family foundations, Swiss law lacks an effective legal instrument for a structured transfer of family wealth to future generations. As a result, foreign instruments such as trusts or foundations are often used for such purposes. Given that Switzerland’s strict approach to family foundations is no longer justified, a recent motion in the Swiss Parliament should be seen as an opportunity to introduce more modern options for estate planning that better reflect society’s needs.
Congenital Syphilis in Live Births
Authors: Chen Han-Yang , Klausner Jeffrey D. , Stafford Irene A. 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To examine temporal trends and risk factors for congenital syphilis in newborn hospitalizations and to evaluate the association between adverse outcomes and congenital syphilis and health care utilization for newborn hospitalizations complicated by congenital syphilis.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study using data from the National Inpatient Sample to identify newborn hospitalizations in the United States between 2016 and 2020. Newborns with congenital syphilis were identified with International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Adverse outcomes, hospital length of stay, and hospital costs were examined. The annual percent change was calculated to assess congenital syphilis trend. A multivariable Poisson regression model with robust error variance was used to examine the association between congenital syphilis and adverse outcomes. Adjusted relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs were calculated. A multivariable generalized linear regression model was used to examine the association between congenital syphilis and hospital length of stay and hospital costs. Adjusted mean ratios with 95% CIs were calculated.

RESULTS:
Of 18,119,871 newborn hospitalizations in the United States between 2016 and 2020, the rate of congenital syphilis increased over time (annual percent change 24.6%, 95% CI, 13.0–37.3). Newborn race and ethnicity, insurance, household income, year of admission, and hospital characteristics were associated with congenital syphilis. In multivariable models, congenital syphilis was associated with preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation (adjusted RR 2.22, 95% CI, 2.02–2.44) and preterm birth before 34 weeks of gestation (adjusted RR 2.39, 95% CI, 2.01–2.84); however, there was no association with low birth weight or neonatal in-hospital death. Compared with newborns without congenital syphilis, hospital length of stay (adjusted mean ratio 3.53, 95% CI, 3.38–3.68) and hospital costs (adjusted mean ratio 4.93, 95% CI, 4.57–5.32) were higher among those with congenital syphilis.

CONCLUSION:
Among newborn hospitalizations in the United States, the rate of congenital syphilis increased from 2016 to 2020. Congenital syphilis was associated with preterm birth, longer hospital length of stay, and higher hospital costs.
Enhancing prognostic insights: myometrial invasion patterns in endometrial carcinoma, with emphasis on MELF pattern–a comprehensive review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Yuyuan , Li Luying , Yang Kaini , Song Yuhan , Xu Lu , Zhao Fangyi , Li Wenting 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The microcystic, elongated, and fragmented (MELF) pattern, characterized by myxoid and inflamed stroma, is readily identifiable as a form of myometrial infiltration. This meta-analysis endeavors to assess the prognostic significance of MELF infiltration patterns in patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search, spanning until 11 October 2023, across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases, identified 23 relevant studies involving 5199 patients. Data analysis was performed using Stata 16.0.

Results
Analysis indicates that MELF infiltration predicts a higher risk of lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer patients [hazard ratios (HR) = 5.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.62–7.05; P < 0.05]. Notably, this association remains consistent across various patient demographics, analytical approaches, study designs, and treatment modalities. However, MELF infiltration does not significantly correlate with recurrence (HR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.73–1.52; P > 0.05), overall survival (HR = 1.24; 95% CI, 0.91–1.68; P > 0.05), or disease-free survival (HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 0.85–2.28; P > 0.05).

Conclusion
While MELF infiltration heightens the risk of lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer, its impact on recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival remains statistically insignificant.
CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA IN BIRDSHOT RETINOCHOROÏDITIS
Authors: Fardeau Christine , Breville Gautier , Jeannerot Arnaud-Louis , Herrmann François , Touati Meriem , Bonnin Sophie , Sales de Gauzy Thomas , Sadegh Ayria , Toumi Amira , Baglivo Edoardo , Cohen David , Karmochkine Marina , Bodaghi BAHRAM , Seebach Jörg D. , Le Hoang PHUC 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of treatments for cystoid macular edema in birdshot retinochoroïditis.

Methods:
Observational retrospective study of 142 HLA-A29-positive patients with cystoid macular edema; the main outcome was the optical coherence tomography intraretinal cysts resolution.

Results:
During the mean follow-up of 75 months (12–178), 61.3% of patients were successfully treated using 1 to 3 treatment steps, while the others needed more steps. At 6 months, there were no significant effects on ME for anti-TNF (tumor necrosis factor) and IVIg (immunoglobulin) in contrast to antimetabolites (OR 1.98), systemic GCS (glucocorticosteroids), CsA (cyclosporine A) and tocilizumab (odds ratio closed to 2.7), intraocular injected GCS (odds ratio of 4.2), and interferon (odds ratio of 4.4). The percentages of therapeutic success trend to decrease from the initial three treatment steps to the subsequent treatment steps, for systemic GCS (84% to 70%), for anti-TNF (42% to 33%), and for CsA (71% to 33%); the success percentages did not decrease for injected GCS (83% to 89%). Macular edema recurrence occurred with the highest percentage for injected GCS (86.8%, P = 0.01) and the lowest for tocilizumab (10.5%, P = 0.001). Interferons-α and tocilizumab were associated with the lowest prednisone daily doses.

Conclusion:
The classical uveitic cystoid macular edema therapeutic algorithm could be adapted to birdshot retinochoroïditis.
Transcorneal Vitrectomy In Eyes With Regressed Retinoblastoma
Authors: Bao Yicheng K. , Sanchez Gisella M. , Lee Thomas C. , Berry Jesse L. , Nagiel Aaron 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
Current treatments for retinoblastoma facilitate globe salvage but can result in vitreoretinal disorders that may require surgery. There is controversy on surgical approaches in eyes with retinoblastoma. Here, we describe a transcorneal vitrectomy approach that avoids the use of chemotherapy or cryotherapy.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review was performed on five consecutive patients with regressed retinoblastoma for >12 months (Group D/ct2b) at Children's Hospital Los Angeles who had vitrectomy between November 2022 and December 2023.

Results:
Five patients underwent eight vitrectomies for various indications including intraocular lens fibrosis, vitreous hemorrhage, cataract, retinal detachment, and silicone oil removal. Mean age at first vitrectomy was 6.2 years (range: 2–9 years); mean time from last retinoblastoma treatment was 50.4 months (range: 20–82 months). Radially oriented corneal incisions were made with the 23-G or 25-G trocar system, and the Versa HD LenZ (Oculus) was used with the RESIGHT (Zeiss) for top-down visualization. Neither chemotherapy nor cryotherapy was used. Wounds were sutured parallel to the limbus with 10-0 polyglactin 910 suture (Vicryl, Ethicon), and a final water rinse was performed to lyse any potential retinoblastoma cells. Surgical objectives were achieved, vision remained stable, and no retinoblastoma spread was noted with a mean follow-up of 7.6 months (range: 3–12 months).

Conclusion:
This vitrectomy technique for eyes with regressed retinoblastoma permits top-down viewing with the Versa HD LenZ. Radial placement of corneal wounds avoids suturing through the uveal tract, and a postsurgical water rinse lyses any retinoblastoma cells. This approach may obviate the need for chemotherapeutics or cryotherapy.
SEQUENTIAL PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY AND INVERTED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP TECHNIQUE FOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENTS WITH PERIPHERAL BREAKS AND CONCOMITANT NONCAUSATIVE MACULAR HOLE IN NONHIGHLY MYOPIC PATIENTS
Authors: Baltă George , Tofolean Ioana Teodora , Tiu Tamara , Dinu Valentin , Alexandrescu Cristina-Mihaela , Baltă Florian , Voinea Liliana-Mary 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To present the anatomical and functional results of sequential pars plana vitrectomy for treating rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with peripheral breaks and concomitant noncausative macular holes (MHs) in nonhighly myopic patients.

Methods:
Medical records of patients who underwent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgical repair between 2017 and 2023 were reviewed. Of 980 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 10 had concurrent MH and underwent sequential pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair and air endotamponade, followed by MH repair using the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique and C2F6 endotamponade after a minimum of 1 week. The main outcomes measured were best-corrected visual acuity change, retinal reattachment rate, MH closure rate, and closure type.

Results:
The retinal reattachment rate was 90% after the primary surgery and 100% after subsequent surgery. Macular hole closure was achieved in all cases. Macular hole diameters ranged from 291 to 702 µm. Anatomical recovery showed mainly 1A closure types (90%). Functional recovery demonstrated significant best-corrected visual acuity improvement, with a mean visual acuity gain of 1.58 ± 0.41 the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution.

Conclusion:
For this infrequent pathology, sequential surgery using the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique and air/gas endotamponade yielded favorable anatomical and functional outcomes. This controlled and standardized approach using sequential surgeries contributes to the achievement of consistent results.
Treatment for dry age-related macular degeneration: where we stand in 2024
Authors: Wheeler Sydney , Mahmoudzadeh Raziyeh , Randolph Jessica 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
This review highlights treatment options, both under investigation and currently available, for the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). An update on current clinical studies for dry AMD has been summarized.

Recent findings
Advanced dry AMD, characterized by geographic atrophy (GA), is a leading cause of blindness in the developed world, though prior to 2023 there was no approved treatment. There are now two approved treatments in the United States for GA. Additionally, there are several studies and trials to investigate therapeutic potential and effects of therapies for earlier intervention in dry AMD. Approaches to therapy include inhibiting the complement system, utilizing gene therapy, stem cell therapy, laser therapy, and surgical implants.

Summary
While there has been notable prior advancement in the treatment for neovascular or wet AMD, for the first time there are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treatments for GA. Clinical studies have shown promise for additional methods for managing dry AMD both medically and surgically.
Substitute or coexistence? Mediastinoscopy-assisted versus thoracoscope-assisted esophagectomy in esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis of perioperative outcomes and long-term survival
Authors: Fang Pinhao , Zhou Jianfeng , Liu Yixin , Liang Zhiwen , Yang Yushang , Luan Siyuan , Xiao Xin , Li Xiaokun , Zhang Hanlu , Shang Qixin , Chen Longqi , Zeng Xiaoxi , Yuan Yong 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Currently, mediastinoscopy-assisted esophagectomy (MAE) and thoracoscope-assisted esophagectomy (TAE) represent two prevalent forms of minimally invasive esophagectomy extensively employed in the management of esophageal cancer (EC). The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess and compare these two surgical approaches concerning perioperative outcomes and long-term survival, offering valuable insights for refining surgical strategies and enhancing patient outcomes in this field.

Methods:
Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, the authors systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CNKI databases until 1 March 2024, for studies comparing MAE and TAE. Outcomes of interest included perioperative outcomes (intraoperative outcomes, postoperative recovery, postoperative complications) and survival rates. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4, with heterogeneity dictating the use of fixed or random-effects models.

Results:
A total of 21 relevant studies were finally included. MAE was associated with significantly shorter operation times [mean difference (MD)=−59.58 min, 95% CI: −82.90 to −36.26] and less intraoperative blood loss (MD=−68.34 ml, 95% CI: −130.45 to −6.23). However, MAE resulted in fewer lymph nodes being dissected (MD=−3.50, 95% CI: −6.23 to −0.78). Postoperative recovery was enhanced following MAE, as evidenced by reduced hospital stays and tube times. MAE significantly reduced pulmonary complications [odds ratio (OR)=0.59, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.81] but increased the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (OR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.60). No significant differences were observed in anastomotic leakage, chylothorax, cardiac complications, wound infections, and gastric retention between MAE and TAE. The long-term survival outcomes showed no statistical difference [hazard ratio (HR)=1.05, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.54].

Conclusions:
MAE offers advantages in reducing operation time, blood loss, and specific postoperative complications, particularly pulmonary complications, with a shorter recovery period compared to TAE. However, it poses a higher risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and results in fewer lymph nodes being dissected. No difference in long-term survival was observed, indicating that both techniques have distinct benefits and limitations. These findings underscore the need for personalized surgical approaches in EC treatment, considering individual patient characteristics and tumor specifics.