bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The in vivo osteogenesis of Mg or Zr‐modified silicate‐based bioceramic spheres
Authors: Luo Tao , Wu Chengtie , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe use of bioactive microspheres as bone filling materials has received much attention due to their ability to fill the bone defects with irregular and complex shapes and sizes. Divalent Mg2+ modified silicate‐based diopside (DIOP: CaMgSi2O6) and tetravalent Zr4+ modified silicate‐based baghdadite (BAGD: Ca3ZrSi2O9) ceramics have shown excellent in vitro bioactivity for potential bone repair application. However, their in vivo osteogenesis has not been systematically investigated. The aim of this study is to prepare DIOP and BAGD ceramic microspheres and investigate their in vivo osteogenesis. DIOP and BAGD ceramic spheres with loose microstructure were successfully prepared. The dissolution ability of two silicate‐based bioceramics was investigated by testing the release of SiO ions after soaking them in phosphate buffered saline. The ceramic spheres were implanted into supracondylar site of the femur defects in Wistar rats and the degree of in vivo osteogenesis was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H and E), Safranin O staining, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and immunohistochemistry (type I collagen: Col I, osteopontin: OPN) analyses. The results have shown that BAGD spheres induced a higher rate of new bone formation in the defects than did DIOP and β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) spheres. Immunohistochemical analysis showed greater expression of Col I and OPN in BAGD group compared to DIOP and β‐TCP groups. The study indicates different ion modification playing an important role to regulate the in vivo osteogenesis of silicate‐based bioceramics. BAGD spheres are a promising bone filler material due to their significantly enhanced osteogenesis, compared to β‐TCP spheres. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A: 2269–2277, 2012.
The controlled release of vancomycin in gelatin/β‐TCP composite scaffolds
Authors: Zhou Jian , Fang Taolin , Wang Yichao , Dong Jian 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOsteomyelitis remains a difficult infection to treat for orthopaedic surgeons regardless of the continuous advances in surgical techniques and antimicrobial agents. The controlled release of vancomycin from local delivery system is a promising method for eliminating infection. In this study, biodegradable gelatin sponge containing different contents of β‐tricalcium phosphate ceramic (β‐TCP) was prepared for the controlled‐release of vancomycin. We aimed to confirm the composite scaffolds could be used as a vancomycin sustained‐release system. Examinations of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical properties, and in vivo drug release were performed. The results showed that the composite scaffolds could achieve local therapeutic drug levels over an extended duration. Taking consideration of porosity, interconnection, mechanical properties, and controlled release performance, the composite gelatin scaffold containing 30% β‐TCP granules may be a good candidate for the controlled release of vancomycin in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A: 2295–2301, 2012.
Effect of interprotein polarization on protein–protein binding energy
Authors: Ji Chang G. , Zhang John Z. H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulation in explicit water for the binding of the benchmark barnase‐barstar complex was carried out to investigate the effect polarization of interprotein hydrogen bonds on its binding free energy. Our study is based on the AMBER force field but with polarized atomic charges derived from fragment quantum mechanical calculation for the protein complex. The quantum‐derived atomic charges include the effect of polarization of interprotein hydrogen bonds, which was absent in the standard force fields that were used in previous theoretical calculations of barnase‐barstar binding energy. This study shows that this polarization effect impacts both the static (electronic) and dynamic interprotein electrostatic interactions and significantly lowers the free energy of the barnase‐barstar complex. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Percentage of gutta‐percha in mesial canals of mandibular molars obturated by lateral compaction or single cone techniques
Authors: Rodrigues Amanda , Bonetti‐Filho Idomeo , Faria Gisele , Andolfatto Carolina , Camargo Vilella Berbert Fábio Luiz , Kuga Milton Carlos 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the percentage of gutta‐percha (PGP) in mesial root canals of mandibular molars obturated with LC (Lateral Compaction) or SC (Single Cone) ProTaper Universal System techniques at different levels of the root. Mesial root canals of 20 human permanent molars with similar anatomical characteristics were instrumented using the ProTaper Universal rotary system technique until the F2 instrument, with 20 canals filled by SC ProTaper Universal technique and 20 canals by the LC technique. The mesial roots were sectioned transversely to 3, 5, and 7 mm from the root apex. Digital images of specimens were obtained at MIC‐D digital microscope in increases of 30 to 35X. The gutta‐percha area was measured using ImageTool software. Data were analyzed using two‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni test (α = 0.05). The SC technique provided greater PGP than the LC technique in the apical third (3 mm) (P < 0.001). In the other thirds (5 and 7 mm) there was no statistical difference between the two techniques regarding the PGP (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between thirds of the root canal for both techniques (P > 0.05). It was concluded that SC technique provided greater PGP than the LC technique in the apical third of mesial root canals of mandibular molars. There was no difference between the two techniques regarding the PGP in the cervical and middle thirds. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1229–1232, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lentiviral vectors encoding short hairpin RNAs efficiently transduce and knockdown LINGO‐1 but induce an interferon response and cytotoxicity in central nervous system neurones
Authors: Hutson Thomas H. , Foster Edmund , Dawes John M. , Hindges Robert , Yáñez‐Muñoz Rafael J. , Moon Lawrence D. F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundKnocking down neuronal LINGO‐1 using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) might enhance axon regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Integration‐deficient lentiviral vectors have great potential as a therapeutic delivery system for CNS injuries. However, recent studies have revealed that shRNAs can induce an interferon response resulting in off‐target effects and cytotoxicity.MethodsCNS neurones were transduced with integration‐deficient lentiviral vectors in vitro. The transcriptional effect of shRNA expression was analysed using quantitative real time‐polymerase chain reaction and northern blots were used to assess shRNA production.ResultsIntegration‐deficient lentiviral vectors efficiently transduced CNS neurones and knocked down LINGO‐1 mRNA in vitro. However, an increase in cell death was observed when lentiviral vectors encoding an shRNA were applied or when high vector concentrations were used. We demonstrate that high doses of vector or the use of vectors encoding shRNAs can induce an up‐regulation of interferon‐stimulated genes (2′,5′‐oligoadenylate synthase 1 and protein kinase R although not myxovirus resistance 1) and a down‐regulation of off‐target genes (including p75NTR and Nogo receptor 1). Furthermore, the northern blot demonstrated that these negative consequences occur even when lentiviral vectors express low levels of shRNAs. Taken together, these results may explain why neurite outgrowth was not enhanced on an inhibitory substrate following transduction with lentiviral vectors encoding an shRNA targeting LINGO‐1.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of including appropriate controls to verify silencing specificity and the requirement to check for an interferon response when conducting RNA interference experiments. However, the potential benefits that RNA interference and viral vectors offer to gene‐based therapies to CNS injuries cannot be overlooked and demand further investigation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broad respiratory virus detection in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis by use of a multiplex RT‐PCR DNA microarray system
Authors: Huguenin Antoine , Moutte Lauryane , Renois Fanny , Leveque Nicolas , Talmud Deborah , Abely Michel , Nguyen Yohan , Carrat Fabrice , Andreoletti Laurent 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNewly available molecular tools allow a sensitive detection of a broad panel of viruses in respiratory tract specimens. In the present study, the application of a multiplex RT‐PCR DNA microarray in diagnosis and epidemiological survey of viral infections in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis was assessed. One hundred and thirty‐eight nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from October 2007 to September 2008 were tested by direct immunofluorescence and viral culture, a combination of referenced RT‐PCRs and the DNA microarray. One or more viruses were detected in 96, 126 and 126 of the specimens by direct immunofluorescence and viral culture, RT‐PCRs and DNA microarray, respectively (70 vs. 91 vs. 91%, P < 10−3). The RT‐PCRs and the DNA microarray yielded concordant results for 99% of specimens and identified mixed viral infections in 85 (62%). The most common associations were: human bocavirus and respiratory syncytial virus (32%), adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (30%), and parainfluenza virus type 3 and respiratory syncytial virus (23%). None of the bronchiolitis severity parameters including intensive care unit admission, O2 supply, O2 saturation percentage, O2 length and length of stay at the hospital appeared to be significantly increased in multiple viral infections compared to single viral infections (P > 0.1). In conclusion, the use of this DNA microarray in clinical virology practice allows rapid and accurate identification of common and uncommon viral respiratory pathogens in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis. It should improve the clinical management, the epidemiological survey, and the prevention of the nosocomial transmission of respiratory viruses in pediatric wards. J. Med. Virol. 84:979–985, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two years outcome of women infected with high risk HPV having normal colposcopy following low‐grade or equivocal cytological abnormalities: Are HPV16 and 18 viral load clinically useful predictive markers?
Authors: Carcopino Xavier , Henry Mireille , Mancini Julien , Giusiano Sophie , Boubli Léon , Olive Daniel , Tamalet Catherine 
Published: April 2012

AbstractManagement of patients infected with high‐risk HPV (hrHPV) despite normal colposcopy following abnormal cytology remains a clinical challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate if, in that specific population, initial HPV 16 and HPV 18 viral loads are predictive of infection clearance over a 24‐month follow‐up. A total of 67 women infected with hrHPV having normal colposcopy following equivocal or low‐grade cytological abnormalities were recruited and attended regular follow‐ups based on repeat colposcopies and HPV testing. HPV16 and HPV18 infection were diagnosed in 36 (53.7%) and 7 (10.4%) cases, respectively. Viral load was quantified using the quantitative duplex real‐time PCR method. Although this was not observed for HPV 18, initial HPV 16 viral load was highly associated to HPV 16 infection outcome (receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, area under curve: 0.90). Thus, women who had cleared their HPV 16 infection had significantly lower median initial HPV 16 viral load than those with persistent HPV 16 infection: 1.5 × 103 copies per million cells (CPMC) versus 3.8 × 106 CPMC, respectively (P = 0.006). The best prediction of HPV 16 clearance was obtained with an initial HPV 16 viral load of <7.5 × 104 CPMC: 86.7% specificity and 85.7% sensitivity. Finally, six patients were diagnosed with grade 2 or 3 cervical or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Although all had a persistent hrHPV infection, neither HPV 16 nor 18 viral loads were found to be predictive of the risk of cervical or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. HPV16 viral load quantitation could represent a clinically useful marker in that very specific population. J. Med. Virol. 84:964–972, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in a highly endemic area of southern China after catch‐up immunization
Authors: Fang Zhong‐Liao , Harrison Tim J. , Yang Jin‐Ye , Chen Qin‐Yan , Wang Xue‐Yan , Mo Jian‐Jun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe Chinese national goals for control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were to achieve a prevalence of HBsAg below 7% for the entire population, and 1% for children under 5‐year old, by 2010. To determine whether Guangxi, a multi‐minority province with a low socio‐economic status and a very high prevalence of HBV, achieved this goal, a seroepidemiological survey of HBV infection was carried out using stratified, random cluster sampling. The results show that the overall prevalence of HBsAg is 9.16% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 8.32–10%]. The prevalence in males (10.96%, 95% CI = 9.64–12.28%) is significantly higher than in females (7.71%, 95% CI = 6.64–8.78%; χ2 = 10.5923, P < 0.05). The prevalence in children under 5‐year old is 3.62% (95% CI = 0.60–6.64%) and increases with age. The prevalence of HBsAg in non‐immunized individuals is significantly higher than in those immunized completely, although not within 24 hr of birth (χ2 = 31.426, P < 0.05); a significant difference was found in those below the age of 20 years but not in older persons. Gender, age, immunization history, and familial HBsAg carriers are risk factors for infection. In conclusion, this study indicates that Guangxi has not reached the goal for the control of HBV infection. Catch‐up HBV immunization may not protect adults effectively against infection in highly endemic regions. J. Med. Virol. 84:878–884, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Case Report: Risk of virus infection after accidental blood inoculation from a multi‐infected AIDS patient
Authors: Berger Annemarie , Stürmer M. , Doerr H.W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractInfections caused by blood‐borne viruses such as hepatitis B and C and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are associated commonly with needlestick injuries, especially in a hospital setting. A prospective investigation was conducted on a medical doctor who suffered an accidental needlestick injury during blood collection from a patient with AIDS.The patient's blood contained 195,000 copies of HIV RNA, 1 × 106 IU hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, and >107 copies of parvovirus B19 DNA per 1 ml plasma. It was positive for cytomegalovirus virus and evidence of a resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was found. HCV viremia was detected in the physician 15 days later and was not resolved by seroconversion after 57 days. HIV infection was not transmitted, possibly because of the immediate use of anti‐HIV prophylactic drugs after exposure. Parvovirus B19 infection was presumably prevented by pre‐existing specific antibodies in the patient.Considering that many HIV carriers are coinfected with hepatitis B and C viruses, this case report support the knowledge that the risk of HCV transmission from a patient with AIDS is greater than that of HIV. J. Med. Virol. 84:897–900, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Valuing Tourist Destinations: an Oaxaca‐Blinder Approach
Authors: Vilchez Josep Raya 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTDestination branding influences destination selection process and future tourist behaviors. However, measuring brand equity is difficult in the case of tourist destinations. The aim of this paper is to determine which part of the price of a tourist service can be explained by differences in characteristics and which part can be explained by differences in destination branding. Data from Catalonia, Valencia, the Balearic Islands and Languedoc‐Roussillon are used as well as the Oaxaca‐Blinder decomposition method. More than a half of the gap (between prices paid by French and Spanish tourists for an equivalent hotel) can be attributed to destination branding. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disease‐specific quality of life outcomes in functional rhinoplasty
Authors: Lindsay Robin W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The goal of this study was to assess disease‐specific quality of life as well as cosmetic outcomes following functional rhinoplasty in adults with nasal obstruction.Study Design:Prospective observational outcomes study.Methods:Disease‐specific quality of life determinations and cosmetic outcome assessments were performed using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale (NOSE), the Sleep Outcomes Survey (SOS), and a cosmetic outcomes scale. Ratings were ascertained preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 to 3 and at 6 to 12 months for patients with internal nasal valve dysfunction, external nasal valve dysfunction, and both (groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively).Results:All groups showed a significant improvement in NOSE scores at the early and the late time points (P < .0005). SOS scores significantly improved from baseline to 1–3 months after surgery (P < .0005) and to 6–12 months (P < .0005). Snoring cessation was reported in 30% of patients who snored preoperatively. The cosmetic appearance of the nose significantly improved after surgery (P < .0005).Conclusions:This study utilized standardized terminology to diagnosis and treat nasal valve dysfunction, and validated disease‐specific quality of life measures to quantify the improvements made with specific techniques. In particular, this study showed improvement in nasal obstruction and snoring in patients with nasal valve dysfunction treated surgically, without negatively impacting nasal cosmesis. Studies utilizing consistent methods of assessment and analysis will allow for future meta‐analysis, increasing the level of evidence available in the field of functional rhinoplasty, and facilitate the creation of evidence‐based management algorithms. Laryngoscope, 2012
Radiographic enhancement of the nasoseptal flap does not predict postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks in endoscopic skull base reconstruction
Authors: Adappa Nithin D. , Learned Kim O. , Palmer James N. , Newman Jason G. , Lee John Y. K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks continue to be the most common postoperative complication in expanded endonasal skull base procedures. Currently, a multilayer closure using a vascularized nasoseptal flap is most commonly performed for large ventral skull base defects in an effort to avoid postoperative CSF leaks. We correlated nasoseptal flap enhancement with postoperative CSF leak rates in a group of skull base reconstruction patients. The nasoseptal flap enhancement was determined by immediate postoperative gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which allowed for imaging of the flap's vascular pedicle. Our aim was to identify whether nasoseptal flap enhancement contributed to reduction of postoperative CSF leak rates.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:We reviewed 19 patients who underwent expanded endoscopic resections of skull base lesions of advanced complexity. We calculated the incidence of CSF leaks and measured the presence of nasoseptal flap enhancement.Results:Of the 19 patients with immediate postoperative MRIs, three developed postoperative CSF leaks. All three CSF leaks were in cases with enhancing vascular pedicles. In contrast, we had three patients without evidence of flap enhancement, none of whom developed a postoperative CSF leak (Fisher exact test, P = 1.0). CSF leak was associated with posterior fossa lesions (P = .25). Nasoseptal flap enhancement was associated with younger age (P = .15).Conclusions:This retrospective cohort study demonstrates that although the vascularized pedicled nasoseptal flap is effective for closure of expanded endonasal skull base procedures, our experience found the actual enhancement of the flap itself does not appear to effect postoperative CSF leak rates. Laryngoscope, 2012
Synthesis and Characterization of Monodisperse Thermosensitive Dumbbell‐Shaped Microgels
Authors: Chu Fangfang , Siebenbürger Miriam , Polzer Frank , Stolze Carmen , Kaiser Julian , Hoffmann Martin , Heptner Nils , Dzubiella Joachim , Drechsler Markus , Lu Yan , Ballauff Matthias 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMonodisperse thermosensitive dumbbell‐shaped core‐shell microgels are fabricated, which consist of a polystyrene core with a cross‐linked poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) shell. The morphology of the microgels was investigated through cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and depolarized dynamic light scattering. The effective volume fraction and aspect ratio of the system could be adjusted through the swelling of the thermosensitive shell. We observe a phase transition of the microgels to an ordered, crystal‐like state, which is apparent through Bragg‐reflections in the visible range. These observations are further supported by rheological measurements where the shear‐melting of the crystal phase is clearly detected.
pH‐Responsive Supramolecular Polymerization in Aqueous Media Driven by Electrostatic Attraction‐Enhanced Crown Ether‐Based Molecular Recognition
Authors: Ji Xiaofan , Zhu Kelong , Yan Xuzhou , Ma Yingjie , Li Jinying , Hu Bingjie , Yu Yihua , Huang Feihe 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAll the previously reported supramolecular polymers based on crown ether‐based molecular recognition have been prepared in anhydrous organic solvents. This is mainly due to the weakness of crown ether‐based molecular recognition in the presence of water. Here we report a linear supramolecular polymer constructed from a heteroditopic monomer in an aqueous medium driven by crown ether‐based molecular recognition through the introduction of electrostatic attraction. In addition, the reversible transition between the linear supramolecular polymer and oligomers is achieved by adding acid and base. This study realizes the breakthrough of the solvent for supramolecular polymerization driven by crown ether‐based molecular recognition from anhydrous organic solvents to aqueous media. It is helpful for achieving supramolecular polymerization driven by crown ether‐based molecular recognition in a completely aqueous medium.