bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pinning-depinning transitions in two classes of discrete elastic-string models in (2+1)-dimensions
Authors: Wu Yongxin , Xia Hui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The pinning-depinning phase transitions of interfaces for two classes of discrete elastic-string models are investigated numerically. In the (1+1)-dimensions, we revisit these two elastic-string models with slight modification to the growth rule, and compare the estimated values with the previous numerical and experimental results. For the (2+1)-dimensional case, we perform extensive simulations on pinning-depinning transitions in these discrete models with quenched disorder. For full comparisons in the physically relevant spatial dimensions, we also perform numerically two distinct universality classes, including the quenched Edwards–Wilkinson, and the quenched Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equations with and without external driving forces. The critical exponents of these systems in the presence of quenched disorder are numerically estimated. Our results show that the critical exponents satisfy scaling relations well, and these two discrete elastic-string models do not fall into the existing universality classes. In order to visually comparisons of these discrete systems with quenched disorder in the (2+1)-dimensional cases, we present surface morphologies with various external driving forces during the saturated time regimes. The relationships between surface morphologies, scaling exponents and correlation length are also revealed.
The use of fluid-phase 3D printing to pattern alginate-gelatin hydrogel properties to guide cell growth and behaviour in vitro
Authors: Souza Andrea , Kevin McCarthy , Rodriguez Brian J , Reynaud Emmanuel G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) (bio)printing technology has boosted the advancement of the biomedical field. However, tissue engineering is an evolving field and (bio)printing biomimetic constructions for tissue formation is still a challenge. As a new methodology to facilitate the construction of more complex structures, we suggest the use of the fluid-phase 3D printing to pattern the scaffold’s properties. The methodology consists of an exchangeable fluid-phase printing medium in which the constructions are fabricated and patterned during the printing process. Using the fluid-phase methodology, the biological and mechanical properties can be tailored promoting cell behaviour guidance and compartmentalization. In this study, we first assessed different formulations of alginate/gelatin to create a stable substrate capable to promote massive cell colonization in vitro over time. Overall, formulations with lower gelatin content and 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer as a solvent showed better stability under cell culture conditions and enhanced U2OS cell growth. Next, the fluid-phase showed better printing fidelity and resolution in comparison to air printing as it diminished the collapsing and the spread of the hydrogel strand. In sequence, the fluid-phase methodology was used to create functionalized alginate-gelatin-arginylglycylaspartic acid peptide (RGD) hydrogels via carbodiimides chemistry. The alginate-gelatin-RGD hydrogels showed an increase of 2.97-fold in cell growth and more spread substrate colonization in comparison to alginate-gelatin hydrogel. Moreover, the fluid-phase methodology was used to add RGD molecules to pre-determined parts of the alginate-gelatin substrate during the printing process promoting U2OS cell compartmentalization. In addition, different substrate stiffnesses were also created via fluid-phase by crosslinking the hydrogel with different concentrations of CaCl2 during the printing process. As a result, the U2OS cells were also compartmentalized on the stiffer parts of the printings. Finally, our results showed that by combining stiffer hydrogel with RGD increasing concentrations we can create a synergetic effect and boost cell metabolism by up to 3.17-fold. This work presents an idea of a new printing process for tailoring multiple parameters in hydrogel substrates by using fluid-phase to generate more faithful replication of the in vivo environment.
Understanding the weakening patterns of inner Tibetan Plateau vortices
Authors: Zhao Yang , Lu Mengqian , Chen Deliang , Zhang Lujia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on changes in the Tibetan Plateau vortices (TPVs) by using ERA5 reanalysis, covering the summers from 1979 to 2022 within the Tibetan Plateau (TP) region. These TPVs were identified using a geopotential height analysis. We discovered that the central-western TP had the most TPV activity and observed a clear decreasing trend in both the intensity and frequency of the TPVs in this region. This decrease was also accompanied by a decline in the strength of the associated vertical upward motion. To better understand this change, we employed the quasi-geostrophic omega equation. This allowed us to examine the dynamic, diabatic, and topographic factors contributing to the vertical motion during different phases of TPV activity in this region. Our results indicate that the main reason behind the weakened TPVs is the diminishing upper-level jet stream, which exerts dynamic forcing on the system. In the later stage, we observed that intensive moisture transport induces heightened diabatic vertical motion. However, this effect is not potent enough to counterbalance the diminishing dynamic influence. Therefore, our findings suggest a significant shift in TPV activity, transitioning from a dynamic-dominated regime to a latent heating-dominated diabatic regime. This new insight enhances our understanding of the complex mechanisms that influence TPV behavior.
Arctic summer sea ice loss will accelerate in coming decades
Authors: Poltronieri Anna , Bochow Nils , Olson Aksamit Nikolas , Boers Niklas , Kristen Jakobsen Per , Rypdal Martin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Arctic sea ice (ASI) is expected to decrease with further global warming. However, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the temperature range that would lead to a completely ice-free Arctic. Here, we combine satellite data and a large suite of models from the latest phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to develop an empirical, observation-based projection of the September ASI area for increasing global mean surface temperature (GMST) values. This projection harnesses two simple linear relationships that are statistically supported by both observations and model data. First, we show that the September ASI area is linearly proportional to the area inside a specific northern hemisphere January–September mean temperature contour
T

c
. Second, we use observational data to show how zonally averaged temperatures have followed a positive linear trend relative to the GMST, consistent with Arctic amplification. To ensure the reliability of these observations throughout the rest of the century, we validate this trend by employing the CMIP6 ensemble. Combining these two linear relationships, we show that the September ASI area decrease will accelerate with respect to the GMST increase. Our analysis of observations and CMIP6 model data suggests a complete loss of the September ASI (area below 10

6

km

2

) for global warming between

1.5

∘

C and

2.2

∘

C above pre-industrial GMST levels.
Model exploration of microplastic effects on zooplankton grazing reveal potential impacts on the global carbon cycle
Authors: Richon Camille , Gorgues Thomas , Cole Matthew , Paul-Pont Ika , Maes Christophe , Tagliabue Alessandro , Laufkötter Charlotte 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Amongst the increasing number of anthropogenic stress factors threatening ocean equilibrium, microplastics (MP;

<

5 mm) have emerged as particularly worrisome. In situ observations have shown that MP accumulate in large areas at the surface ocean where it may threaten the functioning marine species. In particular, experimental evidence has shown that the grazing rates of several zooplankton species may be significantly altered by MP. These direct impacts on zooplankton may alter nutrient and carbon cycling. However, how these laboratory results may translate into impacts on the global ocean is yet unknown. Here, we use a global coupled physical-biogeochemical model including MP (NEMO/PISCES-PLASTIC) to investigate the impacts of MP exposure on zooplankton grazing rates. Drawing from experimental results, we use varying water contamination impact thresholds to explore the biogeochemical consequences of MP impacts on short (10 years) and long timescales (100 years). Our simulations show that the geographical extent of MP impacts on zooplankton remains restricted to about 10% of the global ocean surface, even after 100 years of constant MP contamination. However, in the most contaminated regions (e.g. the sub-tropical gyres), [MP] has surged from a few mg m−3 to

>

50 mg m−3. Despite their oligotrophic nature and limited contribution to the overall ocean carbon cycle, MP impacts on zooplankton grazing could disrupt carbon cycling in these highly contaminated regions (up to 50% reduction in yearly primary production, carbon export fluxes and organic matter remineralisation after 100 years). Our research suggests that persistent MP pollution in the ocean could diminish primary production by 4%. In spite of the large sensitivity of our results to the water contamination impact threshold, we suggest MP impacts on zooplankton grazing may cause an annual loss of 1 Gt yr−1 of exported carbon after 100 years, if MP inputs remain constant globally.
Unlocking urban charm for liveable street: transformative design strategies to boost pedestrian appeal in Asian cities
Authors: Nugroho S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Walking as a mode of transportation faces challenges in Asian cities due to the proliferation of private motorized vehicles and lacking public transportation management. Despite contributing to people’s physical and mental well-being, walking is often considered the last option for transportation. Previous research has highlighted the link between walking, urban design qualities, individual reactions, and a sense of place. Other studies have suggested that a sense of place fosters a sense of belonging and attachment to the location. This paper aims to propose transformative design strategies to enhance pedestrians’ willingness to walk through the design of street junctions. Street junctions, especially those featuring corner buildings, offer opportunities for walking, observing, and resting, all of which are crucial elements for vibrant public spaces. The findings reveal that street junctions in cities like Surabaya (Indonesia) are predominantly perceived as “spaces to move” rather than “places to be.” To advance walkability in street junctions, transformative design strategies need to be addressed. Encouraging pedestrians’ willingness to walk can focus on their experiences and perceptual qualities. Developing policies aimed at enhancing street junctions in Asian cities emerges as a pivotal strategy for strengthening a culture of walking.
Placing concepts of sensory gardens as social nodes in Older Adult’s Daycare Centre’s design towards a sustainable community: Surabaya
Authors: Rizqiyah Fardilla , Prasetya Mercyella 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The urban ageing population has become a global issue that affects the world’s population composition, with an increasing proportion of persons aged 65 and older in urban environments. Older adult’s communities, as integral parts of society, can respond to this by achieving active ageing. The term ‘active ageing’ refers to efforts to maximize health, safety, and community participation to enhance the quality of life in line with advancing age. Facilities catering to the older people, such as nursing homes, often do not comprehensively consider the mobility limitations of the older adults when providing accessibility. The human-centered method is employed in the implementation process of a sensory garden at the older adult’s daycare center facility. This method places its focus on deriving solutions for conflicts between the older people group and other groups in the context of connectivity and accessibility, with the objective of creating integration between outdoor spaces and the building mass within the older adult’s daycare center facility. By utilizing the human-centered method, the root causes of accessibility issues and persons aged 65 and elder’s declining abilities can be systematically understood and resolved through a straightforward design intervention, namely the implementation of a centrally located sensory garden that serves as social nodes. Using a centralized spatial organization in the arrangement of the building masses fosters a connected circulation in the form of a linear loop. With a clear sequence, this linear configuration can accommodate ease of visual access and movement. In the built environment with accessibility amenities, it can foster a sustainable older people community. Furthermore, through the holistic implementation of sensory garden arrangements, the older people community can achieve sustainability and optimal productivity.
Tourism photography: a form of adaptation to sustain the heritage district of Malioboro, Yogyakarta
Authors: Wiyatiningsih  , Oentoro K , Mandayu C O , Hartono S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The study discusses the role of tourism photography in the increasing existence and sustainability of heritage areas in Yogyakarta. Tourism photography has become a lifestyle trend in the current digital era. The principle of tourism photography as a promotion media of tourism objects and destinations contributes to the increasing popularity of the heritage areas in Yogyakarta as the uniqueness of urban tourism in Yogyakarta. Tourism photography is developing in the heritage area of Malioboro. It can be seen as an opportunity and a threat for the district as well. Therefore, the study aims to find out the sites and their architectural characteristics that are used as the setting of tourism photography. The study implemented an explorative case study method with Malioboro heritage area as the case study. Data was collected through a participatory observation, interviews with key persons and participants, and relevant documents. The results of the study shows that tourism photography plays a key role in the preservation of heritage buildings in the Malioboro heritage area. The activities of tourism photography in the Malioboro area involve the local community as the actors of tourism photography, such as photographers, renting traditional costumes and preparing the local transportation. The active participation of the local community gives financial benefits for the community. Furthermore, the old buildings are well maintained, so that they become more attractive for tourists. It can be said that tourism photography contributes to the effort to maintain the heritage buildings in Malioboro, Yogyakarta.
Metaphorical Architecture of Tanean Lanjhang as a programming concept for Indonesia Islamic Science Park (IISP) – Madura, towards Sustainable Urban Tourism
Authors: Mulia A , Ardyansyah Wahyu P , Lestari Tiara P , Fahrurrozi M Naufal P , Nugroho Fadhil A , Rizqiyah F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The current trend in Indonesia involves extensive urban development across various sectors, including tourism. The province of East Java has plans to create an area that not only entertains but also educates and imparts cultural and Islamic values. This concept is known as the Indonesia Islamic Science Park (IISP), which is intended to be built on Madura Island. However, the Madurese community holds strong reservations towards modern infrastructure due to their cultural traditions. Therefore, the design concept for the Indonesia Islamic Science Park serves as an alternative approach to address these concerns. This research employs an intangible metaphorical approach that maps elements of the traditional Tanean Lanjhang house arrangement pattern into zones within the Indonesia Islamic Science Park. Data collection related to Tanean Lanjhang includes literature review and field surveys. The transformation process utilizes source-to-target mapping frameworks. This mapping is carried out to select source objects that can be explored for information to be directed towards the target domain (architecture). This data or information will be reduced into design criteria to be used in formulating the spatial program and zoning for the Indonesia Islamic Science Park area. Ultimately, a spatial program concept like this can become the hallmark of the Indonesia Islamic Science Park, offering a unique tourist destination that is not only reminiscent of the local culture but is also readily embraced by all members of the community.
The Subjective Quality of City and Its Correlation with Citizen Happiness
Authors: Barliana MS , Rahmanullah F , Nuryanto N , Mardiana R , Dwidayati K H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cities face various challenges particularly on city planning, environmental threats, technology, the lack of resources and social inequality. The ability of policy makers and urban leaders to deal with these challenges will determine the success of the city development and its people. Basically, people’s happiness is the main purpose of city planning and infrastructure. The government needs to implement the happiness factor as city quality parameters in the future. The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between the subjective quality of the city which is reflected in the city planning policies and the citizens’ level of happiness. The methodology of this research is quantitative descriptive applying correlation analysis. Data collection was done through questionnaires and distributed in three cities in Indonesia which are Bandung, Semarang and Denpasar. The finding implies that three cities indicate positive correlation. The level of correlation in Bandung is the highest among three cities.
Human-Centered Design: an Implementation of Methods In Designing Kendari Fish Market As An Urban Design Object
Authors: Mahendra A S , Rahman L M I A , Kharismawan R , Nugroho S , Rizqiyah F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In line with the regional development references contained in the medium-term regional development plan (RPJMD), Kendari City 2010-2030 has a focused goal to be achieved. Development of the Kota Lama area into an infrastructure area through its regional and cultural potential. Given the fact that there have been no significant changes regarding the development of the Kota Lama area compared to other areas in Kendari City which are more advanced, it is necessary to make efforts to harmonize this by looking at the context of the strategic location of the area and the conditions of the surrounding community. The majority of people whose profession is fishermen have made the Kendari City fish market a vital object that needs further attention for regional development efforts in accordance with the 2010-2030 Kendari City RPJMD. By focusing on humans in terms of activity and behavior patterns, the Human-Centered Design method is the ideal method to be implemented in the design of the Kendari City fish market. This design proposal discusses about implementation of Human-Centered Design method by applying 5 stages of the method with each stage having different techniques but still referring to humans as the main focus. By generating design alternatives at the Human-Centered Design method stage, the determining aspect for the elaboration of the best alternative that will be implemented is the aspect of circulation and community gathering points, in terms of human patterns and behavior at the Kendari City Fish Market site. The application of this method is used so that the design of an urban design object can return to the fundamental realm, namely focusing on humans. This is important to apply, especially to the urban design objects, because cities must be able to fulfill basic human needs so that the expected development can be realized.
Design research experiment for convertibility architecture based on seasonal sport tournament
Authors: Andini C G , Widyanugraheni R A , Samodra F X T B , Kim D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sport is a part of the entertainment industry that is entirely in demand by the public. The relationship between fans as spectators and athletes in a sports match can’t be separated from the spatial role of architecture as space for interaction. The presence of architecture is not only as a supporting functional aspect in the form of sports arena buildings, but architecture also has a role to provide memorable experiences to users through interactions in sporting events or tournaments. In this research, the factors and principles that influence the quality of the sportscape consisting of functional and user aspects will be implemented into an architectural design. In the process to create a sportscape, the framework used is based on Concept-Based Framework with adaptable architecture as the design approach. The method applied are versatile and convertible which are two detailed parts of adaptable architecture that discuss the spatial changes of use and space. So, the result of the design can be presented in the form of sport facility with the application of spatial convertibility to accommodate several types of indoor sports that can be converted into several spatial form to provide a different atmosphere and experience in the same spatial space.
Customization experiment of hybrid music festival with movable architecture approach
Authors: Widyanugraheni R A , Andini C G , Samodra F X T B , Kim D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
One important aspect of enjoying a music concert is the interaction pattern between the audience and musicians. Music concerts have the psychological effect of increasing interaction and appreciation between fans and musicians. The high public interest in music concerts caused the emergence of a new music concert concept. One of them is a concert that has a multistage concert concept. This concert concept often raises the problem of visitors’ limitations and unawareness about their movement space. They also often ignore the relationship between the environment and the music concert location. Therefore, with this design proposal, efforts to use experimental customization technology aim to overcome this problem by considering the architectural characteristics that can be brought and the concept of an adaptable hybrid festival. In this effort, the architectural objects presented will combine movable architecture methods to respond to adaptation processes in various locations. Thus, the design aims to create a new experience of watching a live music concert. It is hoped that it will provide a comfortable space experience for the people inside and an excellent response to the existing site.