bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopaminergic activity in depressed smokers: A positron emission tomography study
Authors: Busto Usoa E. , Redden Laura , Mayberg Helen , Kapur Shitij , Houle Sylvain , Zawertailo Laurie A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTobacco dependence is highly prevalent in depressed patients. We assessed changes in [11C]‐raclopride binding potential (BP) using positron emission tomography (PET) before and after the oral administration of d‐amphetamine in healthy controls and unmedicated patients with current depression with and without current tobacco dependence. Over a single study day 2 [11C]‐raclopride positron emission tomography scans were taken in 38 subjects: at baseline and 2 h following oral d‐amphetamine 30 mg. Twenty controls (9 smokers, 11 nonsmokers) and 18 subjects with current major depressive episode (8 smokers, 10 non‐smokers). Striatal [11C]‐raclopride binding potential was measured before and after d‐amphetamine administration. Depressed smokers had a lower baseline [11C]‐raclopride binding potential compared with both control non‐smokers (P < 0.007) and depressed non‐smokers (P < 0.001). There was a main effect of smoking status on amphetamine‐induced change in [11C]‐raclopride binding potential (P < 0.02), but no main effect of depression. This may be due to a floor effect because of the low BP at baseline. Depressed subjects reported significant increase of positive mood after d‐amphetamine administration compared with controls (depressed smokers vs. control smokers: P < 0.05; depressed non‐smokers vs. controls: P < 0.055). Tobacco dependence appears to decrease d‐amphetamine‐induced changes in [11C]‐raclopride binding potential as measured by positron emission tomography. Comorbid major depression and tobacco dependence exacerbates this effect, suggesting an altered dopamine system in comorbid patients. Synapse 63:681–689, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of scopolamine on dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra: Role of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus
Authors: Di Giovanni Giuseppe , Shi Wei‐Xing 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPrevious neurochemical and behavioral studies suggest that muscarinic receptor antagonism has an excitatory effect on the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system. Using in vivo extracellular single unit recording, this study examined whether blockade of the muscarinic receptor by scopolamine alters the firing properties of DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Scopolamine was administered either systemically or locally to DA neurons using microiontophoresis. Surprisingly, scopolamine did not cause any significant change in either the firing rate or pattern of the spontaneously active DA neurons. However, systemic injection of scopolamine significantly increased the number of active DA neurons in the SN. Local infusion of scopolamine into the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) mimicked the effect induced by systemically administered scopolamine, significantly increasing the number of active DA neurons without altering the firing rate and pattern. These results suggest that the reported increase in striatal DA release induced by scopolamine is in part mediated by activation of silent nigral DA neurons. The experiments with PPT local infusion further suggest that part of the effect of scopolamine may be due to its blockade of the inhibitory muscarinic autoreceptors on PPT cholinergic cells. The latter effect may lead to activation of quiescent DA neurons by increasing acetylcholine (ACh) release in the SN or in other brain areas providing inputs to DA neurons. Further understanding of the mechanism of action of scopolamine may help us further understand the role of ACh in both the pathophysiology and treatment of DA‐related disorders including schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Synapse 63:673–680, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasticity of L‐type Ca2+ channels after cocaine withdrawal
Authors: Ford Kerstin A. , Wolf Marina E. , Hu Xiu‐Ti 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIncreased reactivity of certain frontal cortical brain regions to cocaine re‐exposure or drug‐associated cues in cocaine‐abstinent human addicts is linked to drug craving. Similarly, in rats tested after withdrawal from repeated cocaine exposure, cocaine or other strong excitatory stimuli produce greater activation of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Our recent findings indicate that the increased mPFC neuronal activation depends primarily upon enhanced voltage‐sensitive Ca2+ influx, most likely through high‐voltage activated (HVA) L‐type Ca2+ channels, but the mechanism underlying the enhanced Ca2+ currents is unknown. In this study, we used a protein crosslinking assay to show that repeated cocaine injections, resulting in behavioral sensitization, increased total protein levels and cell surface expression of HVA‐Cav1.2 L‐type channels in pyramidal neurons in deep layers of the mPFC. These changes in Cav1.2 L‐channels were time dependent and subtype specific (i.e., differed from those observed for Cav1.3 L‐channels). Furthermore, we found enhanced PKA activity in the mPFC of cocaine‐sensitized rats that persisted for 21 days after withdrawal. PKA phosphorylation of L‐channels increases their activity, so Ca2+ currents after cocaine withdrawal could be enhanced as a result of both increased activity and number of HVA‐Cav1.2 L‐channels on the cell surface. By increasing the suprafiring threshold excitability of mPFC pyramidal neurons, excessive upregulation of HVA L‐channel activity and number may contribute to the cortical hyper‐responsiveness that enhances vulnerability to cocaine craving and relapse. More generally, our results are the first to demonstrate that repeated cocaine exposure alters the membrane trafficking of a voltage‐sensitive ion channel. Synapse 63:690–697, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two‐ and three‐dimensional saline contrast sonohysterography: interobserver agreement, agreement with hysteroscopy and diagnosis of endometrial malignancy
Authors: Opolskiene G. , Sladkevicius P. , Valentin L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of our study were to compare the interobserver reproducibility of two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) and agreement of these techniques with hysteroscopy, and to determine which SCSH findings best discriminate between benign and malignant endometrium.MethodsConsecutive women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial thickness ≥ 4.5 mm underwent 2D and 3D SCSH; the results were videotaped and stored electronically, respectively, for analysis by two independent experienced examiners who were blinded to each other's results. A histological diagnosis was obtained by dilatation and curettage, hysteroscopic resection or hysterectomy. The hysteroscopist was blinded to the ultrasound results and used the same standardized research protocol to describe the uterine cavity as the ultrasound examiners.ResultsOf 170 consecutive women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial thickness ≥ 4.5 mm, 84 (14 with endometrial malignancy) fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Hysteroscopy findings in 54 women (one with endometrial malignancy) were used to determine agreement with SCSH. Interobserver agreement of 2D and 3D SCSH was 95% (80/84) vs. 89% (75/84) with regard to presence of focal lesions, 89% (75/84) vs. 88% (74/84) for presence of focal lesions with irregular surface, 67% (54/81) vs. 63% (51/81) for number of focal lesions, and 77% (46/60) vs. 70% (42/60) for location of focal lesions. The agreement between 2D and 3D SCSH and hysteroscopy was 94% (51/54) vs. 93% (50/54) with regard to presence of focal lesions, 74% (40/54) vs. 76% (41/54) for presence of focal lesions with irregular surface, 63% (34/54) vs. 54% (29/54) for number of focal lesions, and 66% (29/44) vs. 64% (28/44) for location of focal lesions. The SCSH finding that best discriminated between benign and malignant endometrium was the presence of focal lesion(s) with irregular surface (for 2D SCSH: sensitivity 71%, specificity 97%, positive likelihood ratio 25, negative likelihood ratio 0.3; for 3D SCSH: sensitivity 43%, specificity 97%, positive likelihood ratio 15, negative likelihood ratio 0.6).Conclusions3D SCSH does not seem to be superior to 2D SCSH when performed by experienced ultrasound examiners either with regard to reproducibility, agreement with hysteroscopy findings or diagnosis of endometrial malignancy. The presence of focal lesion(s) with irregular surface is the best SCSH variable for discrimination between benign and malignant endometrium. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance modeling of QoS in a multicode multicarrier CDMA wireless network with fading
Authors: Ganesh Babu Thimma V. J. , Anpalagan Alagan , Hayes Jeremiah F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFor emerging wireless mesh networks, multicode multicarrier CDMA(MC‐CDMA) based technology is one of the most viable candidates. We perform stochastic modelling of the queues at the mobile station for uplink communication with multicode multicarrier CDMA system with two types of traffic, namely real‐time and non‐real‐time. Each traffic is assigned its own codes. However, the non‐real‐time traffic is allowed to use codes assigned to real‐time traffic, when real‐time traffic is not using its codes. Based on the probability of bit error for a multicode MC‐CDMA system, we first compute the probability of packet error. The packet in error will be inserted into the queue until it successfully gets through to the receiver. The packet arrival process at the input queue is modelled as Markov modulated Poisson processes (MMPP). The QoS performance in terms of packet loss for real‐time traffic and the occupancy distribution for non‐real‐time traffic is evaluated using matrix geometric techniques. We present numerical results for low and high load of real‐time traffic with varying loads of non‐real‐time traffic. We observe the binomial tweaking feature of occupancy distribution at higher loads due to batch departures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of A Cubane Tetranuclear Copper(II) Complex
Authors: Yan Xiao Fei , Pan Jie , Li Shi Rong , Zhou Hong , Pan Zhi Quan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCubane tetranuclear copper complex [Cu4L4]·5CH3OH·H2O (1; L = 2‐(5‐fluorosalicylideneamino)ethanol) was synthesized and characterized. The X‐ray analysis shows that the coordinative interactions between the copper(II) ions and four oxygen atoms lead to the formation of a cube core in the complex. The coordination polyhedron of each copper ion can be approximately described as a distorted square pyramid with one nitrogen and four oxygen atoms from three ligands. A small molecular cluster, constructed by one water and four methanol molecules, is found in the crystal structure with an average O–O distance of 2.782 Å. Magnetic measurements reveal ferromagnetic interactions among the copper atoms.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of SrFe[BP2O8(OH)2]
Authors: Menezes Prashanth W. , Hoffmann Stefan , Prots Yurii , Schnelle Walter , Kniep Rüdiger 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSrFe[BP2O8(OH)2] was synthesised under mild hydrothermal conditions. The crystal structure was determined from single–crystal X–ray diffraction data: triclinic, space group P$\bar{1}$ (No. 2), a = 6.6704(12) Å, b = 6.6927(13) Å, c = 9.3891(19) Å, α = 109.829(5)°, β = 102.068(6)°, γ = 103.151(3)°, V = 364.74(12) Å3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure of SrFe[BP2O8(OH)2] contains isolated borophosphate oligomers, [BP2O8(OH)2]5–, which are interconnected by FeIIIO4(OH)2 coordination octahedra. The resulting three–dimensional framework is characterised by elliptical channels running along [011]. Strontium takes positions inside the channels.
Laparoscopy in the Management of Impalpable Testis: Series of 64 Cases
Authors: Ismail Khalid , Ashour Mohamed , El‐Afifi Mahmoud , Hashish Amel , El‐Dosouky Nagi , Nagm Mohamed , Hashish Mohamed 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe undescended testis represents one of the most common disorders of childhood. Laparoscopy has been widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of non‐palpable testis. In this study, we investigated and evaluated the usefulness of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of the non‐palpable testis.MethodsFrom January 2003 to January 2008, we used laparoscopy in the management of 64 patients with 75 impalpable testes. The patients’ ages varied from 1 to 15 years (median 4.6 years). The sites and sizes of the testes were localized by abdominopelvic ultrasonography (US) in all 64 children. One‐stage laparoscopic orchiopexy was performed for 26 testes, staged Fowler Stephens orchiopexy for 17 testes, and laparoscopic orchidectomy for five testes. Follow‐up by clinical examination and color Doppler US was performed in every patient who underwent orchiopexy.ResultsThere were 11 patients with bilateral non‐palpable testes. The overall diagnostic agreement of US with laparoscopy was seen for only 16 of 75 testes (21.3%). The results of diagnostic laparoscopy were varied and showed various pathologic conditions and positions of the testes, such as 20 low intraabdominal testes (26.6%), 17 high intraabdominal testes (22.7%), and 18 testes (24%) that had entered the inguinal canal. Associated inguinal hernia was present in four patients. After a mean follow‐up period of 26 months (6 months–5 years) all testes were seen to be located in the bottom of the scrotum, with the exception of three testes that had retracted to the neck of the scrotum and two testes that had atrophied (2.7%).ConclusionsLaparoscopy has proven to be the only diagnostic modality where the findings provide a clear, dependable direction for definitive management of impalpable testes. It allows an accurate diagnosis and simultaneous definitive treatment.
Oncologic Outcomes of Self‐Expanding Metallic Stent Insertion as a Bridge to Surgery in the Management of Left‐Sided Colon Cancer Obstruction: Comparison with Nonobstructing Elective Surgery
Authors: Kim Jin Soo , Hur Hyuk , Min Byung Soh , Sohn Seung Kook , Cho Chang Hwan , Kim Nam Kyu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐expanding metallic stents (SEMS) have been used as a bridge to surgery in patients with obstruction by colorectal cancer, but the oncologic safety of this technique has not yet been established. The aim of the present study was to compare the outcomes of bridge to surgery after SEMS insertion and nonobstructing elective surgery.MethodsBetween October 1999 and July 2007, 35 patients who had left‐sided colon malignancy obstruction and underwent surgical resection after SEMS insertion (group A) were matched to 350 patients who underwent elective surgery for nonobstructing left‐sided colon cancer based on stage II, III, and IV malignancies according to the 2001 American Joint Committee on Cancer (group B). Group B was randomly extracted from the colorectal database of our institute. The two groups were compared for clinicopathologic variables, complications, and survival rate.ResultsThere were no significant differences in clinicopathologic variables between group A and group B. However, the stoma formation rate was statistically different between the two groups (p = 0.003). Self‐expanding metallic stent insertion had an adverse effect on the 5‐year overall survival rate (A vs. B, 38.4% vs. 65.6%, respectively; p = 0.025) and the 5‐year disease‐free survival rate (A vs. B, 48.3% vs. 75.5%, respectively; p = 0.024).ConclusionsThese data show that insertion of SEMS as a bridge to surgery in the management of left‐sided colon cancer obstruction is possibly associated with adverse oncologic outcomes compared with nonobstructing elective surgery, but it is unclear what magnitude of this effect is related to the underlying obstruction rather than to the SEMS.
Risk Perception Among Women at Risk for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Pilarski Robert 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper is a summation of selected history and literature on risk perception as it pertains to genetic counseling and testing, with a focus on hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, the area which has seen the greatest focus of research. Risk perception is a complex and incompletely understood concept which seeks to capture the myriad meanings that an individual attaches to the experience of being at increased risk. It is now evident that “risk”, as perceived by the patient, is different from the objective, quantifiable risk estimate often provided to them during genetic counseling. What is also clear is that the complicated set of factors influencing risk perception are not yet well understood, nor are the mechanisms the lead from perceived risk to behavioral change in the patient. In situations where specific behavioral changes such as increased cancer screening are an inherent goal of the genetic risk assessment and counseling process, gaining a better understanding of the specific factors motivating change will be essential.
Sleepless in adolescence: Prospective data on sleep deprivation, health and functioning
Authors: Roberts Robert E. , Roberts Catherine Ramsay , Duong Hao T. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTWe estimate prevalence, incidence and persistence of short sleep or sleep deprivation in a two wave cohort study of 4175 youths 11–17 years old at baseline and 3134 of these a year later. Data were collected using computer interviews and questionnaires. Sleep deprivation was defined as 6 h or less per night during the past 4 weeks. Weighted logistic regression procedures were employed to calculate prevalence, incidence, persistence/chronicity, and odds ratios. Prevalence rates and rates of persistence suggest sleep deprivation is highly prevalent and chronic. Multivariate analyses indicate that short sleep increases risk across multiple domains of dysfunction, suggesting pervasive deleterious effects. The broad impact of sleep deprivation and its pervasiveness suggests interventions will need to focus on multilevel changes to increase sleep time and reduce the negative impact of sleep deprivation among adolescents.
Effectiveness of a multimodal inpatient treatment for pediatric chronic pain: A comparison between children and adolescents
Authors: Hechler Tanja , Blankenburg Markus , Dobe Michael , Kosfelder Joachim , Hübner Bettina , Zernikow Boris 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives To evaluate short and long‐term treatment outcome of children (7–10 years) in comparison to adolescents (11–18 years) with disabling chronic pain following multimodal inpatient pain treatment.Patients and methods: Thirty‐three children and 167 adolescents underwent multimodal inpatient pain treatment. Standardized assessment of pain‐related variables, disability, coping, and use of analgesics was performed at admission, 3‐ and 12‐month follow‐up.Results: Children and adolescents displayed similar pain‐characteristics at admission. Adolescents demonstrated significantly higher disability and passive pain coping. Children relied more on others when in pain. All core variables (i.e., pain intensity, pain‐related disability, school absence and pain‐related coping) decreased significantly in both children and adolescents after 3 months. Both groups maintained this decline 12 months later. More than half of the children and adolescents demonstrated a 50%‐reduction in pain intensity after 3 months, and almost 60% after 12 months. Use of analgesics was significantly reduced at 3‐month follow‐up with no additional changes after 12 months. While age did not exert any impact on results, there were significant gender differences in pain intensity and school absence. Girls demonstrated higher pain intensity and higher school absence 1 year following treatment.Conclusions: Children display similar pain‐characteristics to adolescents when entering inpatient treatment. A multimodal inpatient program appears to stop the the long‐term vicious cycle of disability and pain for both children and adolescents. The demonstrated gender differences raise issues for further research and the possiblity of additional pain management strategies for girls.
Doppler velocimetry of fetal pericardial fluid
Authors: Aoekkasit Orapun , Uerpairojkit Boonchai 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the flow of normal fetal pericardial fluid (PF) with increasing gestational age using Doppler velocimetry.MethodNinety‐five fetuses between 18 and 37 weeks of gestation with PF within the normal range were studied. PF was measured in 4‐chamber view using M‐mode or real‐time ultrasound. Color Doppler was used to display and guide the pulse wave assessment of PF flow. PF waveforms as well as systolic and diastolic velocities were recorded and correlated with gestational age.ResultsPF was detected in all of the fetuses. The mean thickness of the PF rim was 0.95 ± 0.45 mm. PF flowed toward the cardiac apex during systole and toward the atrium during diastole. PF waveforms showed bidirectional flow in all fetuses. The flow velocity PF was positively correlated with gestational age in both systole and diastole.ConclusionFlow velocity of fetal PF increases linearly in both systole and diastole with gestational age. This might indirectly indicate a maturational change in myocardial performance as myocardial velocity is increased.
Low‐dose propofol to prevent nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Fujii Yoshitaka , Itakura Michiyo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of administering a low dose of propofol at the end of surgery in preventing postoperative nausea/vomiting in women undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.MethodIn a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, 90 patients received intravenous injections of a placebo or propofol at 2 different low doses, 0.25 mg/kg or 0.5 mg/kg. All episodes of nausea, retching, or vomiting were then recorded for 24 hours.ResultsThe percentages of patients experiencing nausea, retching, or vomiting were 67% in the placebo group, 60% in the propofol 0.25 mg/kg group (P = 0.39), and 33% in the propofol 0.5 mg/kg group (P = 0.009). A significant difference in the rates of nausea/vomiting was found between the 2 propofol groups (P = 0.03). No adverse events attributed to the study drug were observed.ConclusionProphylactic therapy with 0.5 mg/kg of propofol was found to be effective in preventing nausea/vomiting in patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.
Modified frontolateral partial laryngectomy without tracheotomy
Authors: Dong Pin , Li Xiaoyan , Xie Jin , Li Li , Xu Hongming 
Published: April 2009

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of modified frontolateral partial laryngectomy without tracheotomy for patients with early‐stage laryngeal cancer or dysplasia of the true vocal cord.Study DesignAfter frontolateral partial laryngectomy, the inner side of the sternohyoid muscle was drawn into the laryngeal lumen to suture it to the incisal margin of the uninjured side and to the false vocal cord on the side of the lesion to ensure the safety without tracheotomy. A reverted sternohyoid fascial flap was used to cover the anterior area to form a new laryngeal lumen in the shape of a ladder.Subjects and MethodsA total of 65 patients with early glottic carcinomas or severe dysplasia of the true vocal cord were treated with modified frontolateral partial laryngectomy without tracheotomy. Ipsilateral false vocal cord flaps and cervical skin flaps were used in 63 patients and two patients respectively to reconstruct the defect.ResultsDeglutition and phonation were fully recovered after 7 to 10 days postsurgery. The only postoperative complication was subcutaneous emphysema noted in nine patients. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates were all 100 percent.ConclusionModified frontolateral partial laryngectomy without tracheostomy is an effective surgical method for early glottic carcinomas and severe dysplasia of the true vocal cord.