bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sugarcane proteomics: Establishment of a protein extraction method for 2‐DE in stalk tissues and initiation of sugarcane proteome reference map
Authors: Amalraj Ramesh Sundar , Selvaraj Nagarathinam , Veluswamy Ganesh Kumar , Ramanujan Rahul Pathirickal , Muthurajan Raveendran , Palaniyandi Malathi , Agrawal Ganesh Kumar , Rakwal Randeep , Viswanathan Rasappa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSugarcane is an important commercial crop cultivated for its stalks and sugar is a prized commodity essential in human nutrition. Proteomics of sugarcane is in its infancy, especially when dealing with the stalk tissues, where there is no study to date. A systematic proteome analysis of stalk tissue yet remains to be investigated in sugarcane, wherein the stalk tissue is well known for its rigidity, fibrous nature, and the presence of oxidative enzymes, phenolic compounds and extreme levels of carbohydrates, thus making the protein extraction complicated. Here, we evaluated five different protein extraction methods in sugarcane stalk tissues. These methods are as follows: direct extraction using lysis buffer (LB), TCA/acetone precipitation followed by solubilization in LB, LB containing thiourea (LBT), and LBT containing tris, and phenol extraction. Both quantitative and qualitative protein analyses were performed for each method. 2‐DE analysis of extracted total proteins revealed distinct differences in protein patterns among the methods, which might be due to their physicochemical limitations. Based on the 2‐D gel protein profiles, TCA/acetone precipitation‐LBT and phenol extraction methods showed good results. The phenol method showed a shift in pI values of proteins on 2‐D gel, which was mostly overcome by the use of 2‐D cleanup kit after protein extraction. Among all the methods tested, 2‐D cleanup‐phenol method was found to be the most suitable for producing high number of good‐quality spots and reproducibility. In total, 30 and 12 protein spots commonly present in LB, LBT and phenol methods, and LBT method were selected and subjected to eLD‐IT‐TOF‐MS/MS and nESI‐LC‐MS/MS analyses, respectively, and a reference map has been established for sugarcane stalk tissue proteome. A total of 36 nonredundant proteins were identified. This is a very first basic study on sugarcane stalk proteome analysis and will promote the unexplored areas of sugarcane proteome research.
Affinity capillary electrophoresis coupling with partial filling technique and field‐amplified sample injection for enantioseparation and determination of DL‐tetrahydropalmatine
Authors: Ye Hongzhi , Yu Lishuang , Xu Xueqin , Zheng Chunsong , Lin Wei , Liu Xianxiang , Chen Guonan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA novel, simple and sensitive method for the enantioseparation and determination of DL‐tetrahydropalmatine (DL‐THP) was developed using ACE in combination with partial filling technique and field‐amplified sample injection. A chiral selector, i.e. BSA, was used for the enantioseparation of DL‐THP in ACE. Effects of BSA concentration, pH and separation voltage on the effectiveness of the enantiomer separation were evaluated. In an optimal condition, D‐ and L‐THP were completely enantio‐separated in less than 9 min by partially filling an electrophoretic capillary with 50 μmol/L BSA (50 mbar, 100 s) and carrying out an electrophoresis with 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 15 kV. The sensitivity was further improved by making use of field‐amplified sample injection to lower the LOD (defined as S/N=3) down to 6 ng/mL. Real samples were also tested and promising results for the determination of DL‐THP enantiomers were obtained.
Advances and analytical applications in chemiluminescence coupled to capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Lara Francisco J. , García‐Campaña Ana M. , Velasco Aurelia Ibáñez 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe present review presents the state of the art of the developments, key strategies and analytical applications of chemiluminescence detection coupled to CE (CE‐CL). Different parts considering the most common CL systems have been included, such as the tris(2,2′‐bipyridine)ruthenium(II) system, the luminol and derivatives reaction, the peroxyoxalate CL or direct oxidations. New advances in homemade configurations and applications in different fields such as clinical, pharmaceutical, environmental and food analysis have been included. The focus is on studies which appeared from 2000 to the end of 2009.
pCEC coupling with ESI‐MS for the analysis of β2‐agonists and narcotics using a poly‐(1‐hexadecene‐co‐TMPTMA) monolithic column
Authors: Cheng Jintian , Zhang Lan , Lu Qiaomei , Lu Minghua , Chen Zongbao , Chen Guonan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA pressure‐assisted CEC with ESI‐MS based on poly(1‐hexadecene‐co‐trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) monolithic column for rapid analysis of two β2‐agonists and three narcotics was established in this article. After the organic polymer‐based monolithic column was prepared by an in‐situ polymerization procedure, a systematic investigation of the pressure‐assisted CEC separation and ESI‐MS detection parameters was performed. Baseline separation of the studied analytes could be obtained using the solution containing 75% ACN v/v and 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate with pH 8.0 as running buffer, when applying separation voltage of 20 kV and assisted pressure of 5 bar. Under the optimized conditions, two β2‐agonists and three narcotics could be completely resolved and accurately determined within 15 min. Finally, the proposed method was successfully used for real urine samples detection.
The Interagency Health and Nutrition Evaluation initiative in humanitarian crises: Moving from single‐agency to joint, sectorwide evaluations
Authors: Bornemisza Olga , Griekspoor André , Ezard Nadine , Sondorp Egbert 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe authors focus on the growing international momentum for interagency or joint evaluations of humanitarian response. The Interagency Health and Nutrition Evaluation (IHE) initiative, established in 2003, is described and analyzed in this chapter. The aims of IHE are described, as are the five components in the IHE framework of analysis: outcomes, service performance, policy and planning, risks to health and nutrition, and humanitarian context. This chapter focuses on lessons learned and identifies options for institutionalizing IHEs. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Glucocorticoid-induced autophagy in osteocytes
Authors: Xia Xuechun , Kar Rekha , Gluhak-Heinrich Jelica , Yao Wei , Lane Nancy E , Bonewald Lynda F , Biswas Sondip K , Lo Woo-Kuen , Jiang Jean X 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) therapy is the most frequent cause of secondary osteoporosis. In this study we have demonstrated that GC treatment induced the development of autophagy, preserving osteocyte viability. GC treatment resulted in an increase in autophagy markers and the accumulation of autophagosome vacuoles in vitro and in vivo promoted the onset of the osteocyte autophagy, as determined by expression of autophagy markers in an animal model of GC-induced osteoporosis. An autophagy inhibitor reversed the protective effects of GCs. The effects of GCs on osteocytes were in contrast to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), which induced apoptosis but not autophagy. Together this study reveals a novel mechanism for the effect of GC on osteocytes, shedding new insight into mechanisms responsible for bone loss in patients receiving GC therapy. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Less is more when simulating unsulfated glycosaminoglycan 3D‐structure: Comparison of GLYCAM06/TIP3P, PM3‐CARB1/TIP3P, and SCC‐DFTB‐D/TIP3P predictions with experiment
Authors: Sattelle Benedict M. , Almond Andrew 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe 3D‐structure of extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans is central to function, but is currently poorly understood. Resolving this will provide insight into their heterogeneous biological roles and help to realize their significant therapeutic potential. Glycosaminoglycan chemical isoforms are too numerous to study experimentally and simulation provides a tractable alternative. However, best practice for accurate calculation of glycosaminoglycan 3D‐structure within biologically relevant nanosecond timescales is uncertain. Here, we evaluate the ability of three potentials to reproduce experimentally observed glycosaminoglycan monosaccharide puckering, disaccharide 3D‐conformation, and characteristic solvent interactions. Temporal dynamics of unsulfated chondroitin, chondroitin‐4‐sulfate, and hyaluronan β(1→3) disaccharides were simulated within TIP3P explicit solvent unrestrained for 20 ns using the GLYCAM06 force‐field and two semi‐empirical quantum mechanics methods, PM3‐CARB1 and SCC‐DFTB‐D (both within a hybrid QM/MM formalism). Comparison of calculated and experimental properties (vicinal couplings, nuclear Overhauser enhancements, and glycosidic linkage geometries) showed that the carbohydrate‐specific parameterization of PM3‐CARB1 imparted quantifiable benefits on monosaccharide puckering and that the SCC‐DFTB‐D method (including an empirical correction for dispersion) best modeled the effects of hexosamine 4‐sulfation. However, paradoxically, the most approximate approach (GLYCAM06/TIP3P) was the best at predicting monosaccharide puckering, 3D‐conformation, and solvent interactions. Our data contribute to the debate and emerging consensus on the relative performance of these levels of theory for biological molecules. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Keratinocyte stem cells: Friends and foes
Authors: Pincelli Carlo , Marconi Alessandra 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSkin and its appendages provide a protective barrier against the assaults of the environment. To perform its role, epidermis undergoes an ongoing renewal through a balance of proliferation and differentiation/apoptosis called homeostasis. Keratinocyte stem cells reside in a special microenvironment called niche in basal epidermis, adult hair follicle, and sebaceous glands. While a definite marker has yet to be detected, data raised part in humans and part in the mouse system point to a critical role of stem and its progeny transit amplifying cells in epidermal homeostasis. Stem cells are protected from apoptosis and are long resident in adult epidermis. This renders them more prone to be the origin of skin cancer. In this review, we will outline the main features of adult stem cells in mouse and humans and discuss their fate in relation to differentiation, apoptosis, and cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 310–315, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From procaspase‐8 to caspase‐8: Revisiting structural functions of caspase‐8
Authors: Zhao Yang , Sui Xin , Ren Hong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCaspase‐8 is well‐characterized to initiate an apoptotic pathway triggered by the external stimuli. The proximity‐driven model recently has been proposed to interpret the activation mechanism of caspase‐8 in so‐far unprecedent detail, in which dimerization, autocleavage, and inhibitor of caspase‐8 are indispensable. Intriguingly, death effector domains (DEDs) and ubiquitination after active caspase‐8 is released into cytosol can also promote cell apoptosis indirectly. In addition to the proapoptotic role of caspase‐8, there is emerging evidence to indicate that the precursor of caspase‐8, procaspase‐8, has an important function in cell adhesion and migration. Phosphorylation of caspase‐8 by c‐src controls these functions by preventing the conversion of procaspase‐8 to caspase‐8. This provides a mechanism to switch these opposing functions. In the migratory role, procaspase‐8 interacts with the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐OH kinase (PI3K) regulatory subunit p85α and c‐src to modulate signaling by Rac and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and promotes calpain2 activation. Here, the focus of this review is to highlight three respective aspects of caspase‐8, including precursor functions, activation mechanism and maintenance of activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 316–320, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The mechanism and application of the electro‐Fenton process for azo dye Acid Red 14 degradation using an activated carbon fibre felt cathode
Authors: Wang Aimin , Li Yu‐You , Ru Jia 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The discharge of azo dyes into the environment poses concerns due to their limited biodegradability. The electro‐Fenton process (EF) is a good method to effectively degrade these dyes. The aim of this work was to study the mechanism and the feasibility of the EF reaction using an activated carbon fibre (ACF) cathode. In this study, two methods were used to measure the reactive species generated in anodic oxidation (AO), anodic oxidation with electrogenerated H2O2 (AO‐H2O2) and the EF process. Acid Red 14 (AR14) was chosen as a model pollutant. The effects of the operational parameters, pH and initial concentrations were investigated. A short‐term biodegradability test was also carried out to evaluate the EF process from a biological point of view.RESULTS: After 2 h EF reaction 118.7 µmol L−1•OH were produced, which was much higher than that of the AO‐H2O2 (63.2 µmol L−1) process. H2O2 is largely generated and Fe3+ efficiently reduced on the high surface area of the ACF cathode. The EF process provides more effective degradation of AR14 than the conventional Fenton process, and its current efficiency is significantly affected by the initial pH and the initial AR14 concentration. Following EF treatment, the biodegradability of AR14 is significantly increased.CONCLUSION: The higher formation of •OH in the EF process suggests it is an effective method for pollutant removal. This process also leads to increased biodegradability, which is expected to facilitate subsequent biological treatment. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2‐propanediol catalyzed by Cu‐H4SiW12O40/Al2O3 in liquid phase
Authors: Hao Shun‐Li , Peng Wei‐Cai , Zhao Ning , Xiao Fu‐Kui , Wei Wei , Sun Yu‐Han 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Crude glycerol will increase to over 400 million L year−1, and the market is likely to become saturated due to the limited demand for glycerol. The main aim of this work is to develop a novel process for the sustainable conversion of glycerol to 1,2‐propanediol (l,2‐PD).RESULTS: Cu‐H4SiW12O40/Al2O3 catalysts with different H4SiW12O40 (STA) loadings were prepared for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to produce l,2‐PD in liquid phase. At 513 K, 6 MPa and LHSV of 0.9 h−1 in 10% (w/w) glycerol aqueous solutions, the catalyst with 5% (w/w) STA showed the best performance with 90.1% of glycerol conversion and 89.7% selectivity to l,2‐PD. More important, both the initial glycerol conversion and l,2‐PD selectivity were maintained over 250 h.CONCLUSION: l,2‐PD can be continuously produced with high yields via the liquid phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol over Cu‐H4SiW12O40/Al2O3. Furthermore, the characterization indicated that catalyst acidity could be greatly modified by STA, which promoted Cu reducibility. It was also found that hydrogenolysis could be favored by a bi‐functional catalyst with the appropriate amount of both acid and metal sites. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Direct formation of emulsions using water‐soluble porous polymers as sacrificial scaffolds
Authors: Qian Lei , Zhang Haifei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Emulsions are traditionally formed from two immiscible liquids by mechanical stirring, homogenization, or ultrasonication. For the use of emulsions, stability during storage and transport has been an issue which needs to be addressed. Here, a novel method is proposed to form emulsions instantly by hand shaking from porous polymeric materials.RESULTS: The porous materials were prepared by a freeze‐drying method and then soaked in an oil phase. The oil was absorbed into the micron‐sized pores. The oil‐soaked composites were then placed in water. The dissolution of polymer led to the formation of emulsions by gentle hand shaking within 2 min. Mineral oil, soy oil with drug molecules, and perfluorodecalin were tested as the model oil phases. In each case, stable emulsions with high ratios of oil to water were formed instantly.CONCLUSIONS: A novel route is reported to produce emulsions instantly by hand shaking from porous polymeric materials. Using this method, emulsions could be formed instantly on the site just before application, thus avoiding the cost and stability concerns during transport and storage of emulsions. The method also has the advantages of easy operation and scale‐up possibility. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Clay‐catalyzed synthesis of 5‐substituent 1‐H‐tetrazoles
Authors: Chermahini Alireza Najafi , Teimouri Abbas , Momenbeik Fariborz , Zarei Amin , Dalirnasab Zeinab , Ghaedi Aseyeh , Roosta Mostafa 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
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In this study, the possibility of 5‐substituted 1‐H‐tetrazoles synthesis using clays as catalyst was investigated. The reaction of a series of aromatic nitriles with sodium azide was catalyzed by montmorillonite K‐10 or kaolin clays in water or DMF as solvent. Conventional heating or ultrasonic irradiation was used to promote reaction. The amount of nitrile to sodium azide mole ratio, amount of catalyst, reaction time, and solvent type were optimized. The versatility of this method was checked by using various nitriles, which showed reasonable yields of tetrazole formation. It was found that using nitriles with electron‐withdrawing groups result in both higher yields and lower reaction times. The catalysts could be reused several times without significant loss of their catalytic activity. Compared to conventional heating, ultrasonic irradiation reduced reaction times and increased catalyst activity. The present procedure is green and offers advantages, such as shorter reaction time, simple workup, and recovery and reusability of catalyst. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Synthesis of 2‐[2,4‐diaminothiazol‐5‐oyl]benzothiazoles
Authors: Reji T. F. Abbs Fen , Rajasekharan Kallikat N. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
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The synthesis of 2‐(4‐amino‐2‐alkylaminothiazol‐5‐oyl)benzothiazoles and 2‐[2,4‐bis(arylamino)thiazol‐5‐oyl]benzothiazoles as benzothiazoloylthiazole analogs of the cytotoxic marine alkaloid dendrodoine is reported. The highly decorated thiazole ring assembly was achieved using 2‐bromoacetybenzothiazole to supply the C5 ring carbon and amidinothioureas of the type R1NHCSNHC(NHR2)(NHR3) to provide the four ring atoms [C4N3C2S1] in a [4+1] thiazole ring construction strategy. The antibacterial activity of these new analogs is reported. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
One‐pot and three‐component synthesis of spiro[chromeno[2,3‐d] pyrimidine‐5,3′‐indoline]‐diones and spiro[chromeno[2,3‐c] pyrazole‐4,3′‐indoline]‐diones
Authors: Ghahremanzadeh Ramin , Fereshtehnejad Fatemeh , Yasaei Zahra , Amanpour Tayebeh , Bazgir Ayoob 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
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A novel, clean, one‐pot and three‐component synthesis of new spiro[chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐5,3′‐indoline]‐2′,6(7H)‐diones and spiro[chromeno[2,3‐c]pyrazole‐4,3′‐indoline]‐2′,5(6H)‐diones via cyclo‐condensation reaction of isatins, 1,3‐cyclohexadiones, and 2‐methylpyrimidine‐4,6‐diol or 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐ol, in aqueous media is reported. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Synthesis and biodistribution studiesof 177Lu‐trastuzumab as a therapeutic agent in the breast cancer mice model
Authors: Rasaneh Samira , Rajabi Hossein , Babaei Mohammad Hossein , Johari Daha Fariba 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTrastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the HER2 that has the potential to be used as radioimmunotherapy (RIT) agent in treatment of breast cancer. Lutetium‐177 has beta energy suitable for therapy and gamma photons for imaging. We labeled trastuzumab with lutetium‐177 via DOTA as chelator and performed some necessary tests for the first stage in using complex as a RIT agent. Radiochemical purity, immunoreactivity and stability of complex were determined. The biodistribution and imaging studies were determined in mice bearing breast tumor. The radiochemical purity was 94±0.9%. Lutetium‐Trastuzumab showed a good stability at biological condition. The tumor to blood ratio was calculated 3.29(±0.09) after 7 days. The good tumor uptake in biodistribution studies was agreed with gamma camera images after 7 days. The results showed that the new complex could be considered for further evaluation in animals and possibly in humans as a new radiopharmaceutical for use in RIT against breast cancer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of new positively charged 11‐ and 12‐carbon 99mTc‐labeled fatty acid derivatives for myocardial imaging
Authors: Mathur Anupam , Mallia Madhava B. , Sarma Haladhar D. , Banerjee Sharmila , Venkatesh Meera 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRadiolabeled fatty acids are used as tracers for myocardial metabolic imaging and currently 123I‐iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (IPPA) or 123I‐β‐methyl‐iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) are the agents of choice. However, 123I being a cyclotron‐produced isotope, 99mTc‐labeled fatty acids are more desirable substitutes to 123I‐labeled fatty acids. Toward this, two fatty acids, having 11 and 12 carbon atoms respectively, modified with cysteine were synthesized in a four‐step procedure. These ligands were then radiolabeled with 99mTc using the [99mTcN(PNP6)]2+ core. Formation of the complexes and determination of radiochemical yields were ascertained by HPLC technique. In vivo distribution of the complexes was carried out in Swiss mice and the results are compared with 125I‐IPPA. Both the complexes showed fast clearance from the myocardium till 10 min post injection (p.i.) followed by retention in the myocardium till 30 min p.i. However, compared with the result obtained with 125I‐IPPA, the amount of activity retained in the myocardium by the present complexes were low. Both the complexes showed rapid clearance from liver, lungs, and blood unlike the case with 125I‐IPPA. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fully automated, high yielding production of N‐succinimidyl 4‐[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB), and its use in microwave‐enhanced radiochemical coupling reactions
Authors: Scott Peter J. H. , Shao Xia 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA General Electric Medical Systems (GEMS) Tracerlab FXFN fluorine‐18 synthesis module has been reconfigured to allow rapid (45 min), fully automated production of N‐succinimidyl 4‐[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB) using the established three‐step, one‐pot synthesis procedure. Purification is by sep‐pak only and [18F]SFB is routinely obtained in 38% non‐decay corrected yield,>1 Ci/µmol specific activity, and >95% radiochemical purity (n=20). Moreover, this report includes our preliminary research efforts into improving peptide coupling reactions with [18F]SFB using microwave‐enhanced radiochemistry. Reaction times can be reduced by>90%, when compared with traditional thermal reactions, with no significant effect on radiochemical reaction yield. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The first synthesis of [2‐13C]phloroglucinol
Authors: Marshall Laura J. , Cable Karl M. , Botting Nigel P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA fast and efficient synthesis of [2‐13C]phloroglucinol in six steps from acyclic, non‐aromatic precursors is presented, with regioselective placement of a 13C‐atom in the aromatic ring. The 13C‐label was introduced by reaction of [13C]methyl iodide with methyl 4‐chloroformyl butyrate. Cyclization via an intramolecular Claisen condensation, followed by aromatization gave [2‐13C]resorcinol. Following subsequent methylation of the hydroxyl groups, the third hydroxyl group was introduced using an iridium‐catalysed C–H activation/borylation/oxidation procedure. Demethylation then yielded the desired [2‐13C]phloroglucinol. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.