bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of CD20 expression in B‐cell lymphoma between newly diagnosed, untreated cases and those after rituximab treatment
Authors: Miyoshi Hiroaki , Arakawa Fumiko , Sato Kensaku , Kimura Yoshizo , Kiyasu Junichi , Takeuchi Masanori , Yoshida Maki , Ichikawa Ayako , Ishibashi Yukinao , Nakamura Yukihiko , Nakashima Shinji , Niino Daisuke , Sugita Yasuo , Ohshima Koichi 
Published: April 2012

Few studies have statistically investigated reduced CD20 expression in B‐cell lymphoma after rituximab therapy and genomic mutation of CD20 associated with reduction. We examined CD20‐positive rate in follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by flow cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemical staining (IHS), comparing 138 cases after rituximab therapy with 360 initial, not yet treated cases. Sequence analysis of exons 3 to 8 of CD20 was performed on 22 cases with low CD20‐positive rate after rituximab treatment. The results showed a statistical correlation between CD20‐positive rate in FCM and IHS. By FCM, the CD20‐positive rate among post‐rituximab cases was significantly lower than among initial cases in DLBCL, non‐germinal center origin B‐cell type (average values [avg] 57.8 and 87.9, respectively) (P < 0.0001), FL2 (avg, 93.9; 103.2) (P = 0.0083), and FL3A (avg, 90.6; 100.7) (P = 0.033). Stratified analyses of post‐rituximab cases showed significantly lower CD20‐positive rate in cases that were resistant at the start of the treatment and cases with progressive disease during rituximab therapy before biopsy. Sequence analysis showed silent mutation of exon 4 (632 C/T) in seven cases, although this number was not statistically significant. These results suggest the influence of B‐lymphoma subtype and a therapeutic effect before biopsy on CD20 expression at relapse and contribute to a better therapeutic approach for relapse cases after rituximab therapy. (Cancer Sci, doi: 10.1111/j.1349‐7006.2012.02307.x, 2012)
Engagement strategies and change: an intentional practice response for the child welfare worker in cases of domestic violence
Authors: Melchiorre Rylee , Vis Jo‐Ann 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTIn order to engage mothers who are victims of domestic abuse, the child welfare worker needs to be challenged to develop an intentional practice response that includes knowledge and skill concerning the complexities of domestic violence, as well as the process of change. Developing a supportive relationship, understanding the stages of change (SOC) and engaging mothers as leaders in the change process are essential to successful child protection outcomes. Within the context of the SOC model, this practice‐based paper focuses on the importance of engaging mothers who are victims of domestic violence in conversations about their own unique dilemmas, challenges and barriers regarding change. Through the inclusion of engagement strategies such as signs of safety, active listening and cost/benefit analysis, in concert with the SOC theory, the child welfare worker would be equipped with an approach to successfully assist mothers through their change journey, ultimately keeping children safe.
Migrate or stay: terrestrial primary productivity and climate drive anadromy in Arctic char
Authors: Finstad Anders G. , Hein Catherine L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA shift in the magnitude and timing of animal migrations is one of the most documented ecological effects of climate change. Although migrations are largely driven by spatial variation in resource gradients, few studies connect expected changes in primary production with geographic patterns in migratory behavior. Here, we link lake primary production to the occurrence of sea migrations in the partially anadromous salmonid Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinusL.). We compiled presence/absence records of anadromous char populations spanning productivity and temperature gradients along the Norwegian coast. The probability of anadromy decreased with increasing migration distance, maximum slope of the migration route and lake productivity. There was a significant interaction between lake productivity and migration distance. The negative effect of longer migration distances was more severe in lakes with higher productivity, indicating reduced relative profitability of migration with increased feeding opportunities in freshwater. Lake productivity was mainly driven by terrestrial primary production in the catchment. We predicted future distributions of anadromous char given downscaled temperature and precipitation changes projected by two different emission scenarios and global climate models (GCMs). Projected increases in temperature and precipitation in 2071–2100 increased terrestrial primary production and, compared to the control scenario (1961–1990), decreased the range of anadromous populations. The prevalence of anadromy decreased by 53% in the HadAm3HGCMwith the A2 emission scenario, 61% in HadAm3H with the B2 scenario and 22% inECHAM4 with the B2 scenario. Cross‐ecosystem studies (e.g., terrestrial to freshwater) are critical for understanding ecological impacts of climate change. In this case, climate‐driven increases in terrestrial primary production are expected to increase primary production in lakes and ultimately reduce the prevalence of anadromy in Arctic char populations.
Loss of succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) expression is limited to a distinctive subset of gastric wild‐type gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a comprehensive genotype–phenotype correlation study
Authors: Doyle Leona A , Nelson Dylan , Heinrich Michael C , Corless Christopher L , Hornick Jason L 
Published: April 2012

Doyle L A, Nelson D, Heinrich M C, Corless C L & Hornick J L  (2012) Histopathology 61, 801–809Loss of succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) expression is limited to a distinctive subset of gastric wild‐type gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a comprehensive genotype–phenotype correlation studyAims:  Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) typically harbour KIT or PDGFRA mutations; 15% of adult GISTs and >90% in children lack such mutations (‘wild‐type’ GISTs). Paediatric and occasional adult GISTs show similar, distinctive features: multinodular architecture and epithelioid morphology, indolent behaviour with metastases, and imatinib resistance. Recent studies have suggested that these tumours can be identified by loss of succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) expression. The aim of this study was to validate the predictive value of SDHB immunohistochemistry in a large genotyped cohort.Methods and results:  SDHB expression was examined in GISTs with known genotypes: 179 with KIT mutations, 32 with PDGFRA mutations, and 53 wild type. Histological features were recorded without knowledge of genotype or SDHB status. SDHB was deficient in 22 (42%) wild‐type GISTs. All other tumours showed intact SDHB expression. All SDHB‐deficient GISTs with known primary sites arose in the stomach, and had multinodular architecture and epithelioid or mixed morphology. None of the wild‐type GISTs with intact SDHB showed multinodular architecture, and only four (13%) had epithelioid morphology.Conclusions:  SDHB‐deficient GISTs are wild‐type gastric tumours with distinctive histology. Immunohistochemistry for SDHB can be used to confirm the diagnosis of this tumour class. SDHB expression is retained in all GISTs with KIT and PDGFRA mutations.
Towards an evaluation framework for information quality management (IQM) practices for health information systems – evaluation criteria for effective IQM practices
Authors: Mohammed Siti Asma , Yusof Maryati Mohd 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Poor information quality (IQ) must be understood as a business problem rather than systems problem. In health care organization, what is required is an effective quality management that continuously manages and reviews the factors influencing IQ in health information systems (HIS) so as to achieve the desired outcomes. Hence, in order to understand the issues of information quality management (IQM) practices in health care organizations, a more holistic evaluation study should be undertaken to investigate the IQM practices in health care organizations. It is the aim of this paper to identify the significant evaluation criteria that influence the production of good IQ in HIS.Methods  Six selected frameworks and best practices both from health informatics and information systems literature have been reviewed to identify the evaluation criteria from the perspective of human, organizational and technological factors.Results  From the review, it was found that human and organization factors are of greater significance in influencing HIS IQ. Our review depicts that there is still shortage in finding a comprehensive IQM evaluation framework. Thus, the criteria from the frameworks reviewed can be used in combination for more comprehensive evaluation criteria. Integrated IQM evaluation criteria for HIS are then proposed in this study.Conclusions  Poor IQ is the result of complex interdependency within sociotechnical factors in health care organization and lack of formal and structured IQM practices. Thus, a feedback mechanism such as evaluation is needed to understand the issues in depth in the future.
Psychotropic medication use and association with physical and psychosocial outcomes in nursing home residents
Authors: GALIK E. , RESNICK B. 
Published: April 2012

Accessible summary
Psychotropic medications, such as antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, and sedative/hypnotics, are commonly prescribed for nursing home residents, but have been associated with negative health outcomes.
In this study, 69% of the nursing home residents were prescribed at least one psychotropic medication. Physical outcomes (specifically physical function and balance) were significantly lower in those residents taking psychotropic medications than those not taking psychotropic medications. Psychosocial outcomes (specifically self‐efficacy and outcome expectations for function, and quality of life) were significantly lower in those residents taking psychotropic medications.
The findings from this study provide additional support for the prevalence of psychotropic medication use among nursing home residents and may suggest that residents taking psychotropic medications are less likely to engage in functional activities, and experience decreased quality of life.
AbstractPsychotropic medications are commonly prescribed for older adults living in long‐term care settings. Use of these medications has been associated with negative functional outcomes. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of psychotropic medication use among nursing home residents, and to explore the relationship of psychotropic medication use on physical and psychosocial outcomes. A secondary data analysis was done using baseline measures from the Res‐Care Intervention Study. The sample included 419 residents from 12 nursing homes. There were 288 participants (69%) who were prescribed at least one psychotropic medication, with 81 participants (19%) receiving antipsychotics, 248 (59%) receiving antidepressants, 50 (12%) receiving anxiolytics and 37 (9%) receiving sedative/hypnotics. Controlling for gender, age and cognition, physical outcomes were significantly lower in residents receiving psychotropic medications (F= 3.2, P= 0.01) compared to those not receiving psychotropic medications. Psychosocial outcomes were significantly lower in those residents receiving psychotropic mediations (F= 2.0, P= 0.04). The findings from this study provide additional support for the prevalence of psychotropic medication use among nursing home residents and suggest that residents receiving psychotropic medications may be less likely to engage in functional activities and experience decreased quality of life.
DNA from soil mirrors plant taxonomic and growth form diversity
Authors: YOCCOZ N. G. , BRÅTHEN K. A. , GIELLY L. , HAILE J. , EDWARDS M. E. , GOSLAR T. , Von STEDINGK H. , BRYSTING A. K. , COISSAC E. , POMPANON F. , SØNSTEBØ J. H. , MIQUEL C. , VALENTINI A. , De BELLO F. , CHAVE J. , THUILLER W. , WINCKER P. , CRUAUD C. , GAVORY F. , RASMUSSEN M. , GILBERT M. T. P. , ORLANDO L. , BROCHMANN C. , WILLERSLEV E. , TABERLET P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEcosystems across the globe are threatened by climate change and human activities. New rapid survey approaches for monitoring biodiversity would greatly advance assessment and understanding of these threats. Taking advantage of next‐generation DNA sequencing, we tested an approach we call metabarcoding: high‐throughput and simultaneous taxa identification based on a very short (usually <100 base pairs) but informative DNA fragment. Short DNA fragments allow the use of degraded DNA from environmental samples. All analyses included amplification using plant‐specific versatile primers, sequencing and estimation of taxonomic diversity. We tested in three steps whether degraded DNA from dead material in soil has the potential of efficiently assessing biodiversity in different biomes. First, soil DNA from eight boreal plant communities located in two different vegetation types (meadow and heath) was amplified. Plant diversity detected from boreal soil was highly consistent with plant taxonomic and growth form diversity estimated from conventional above‐ground surveys. Second, we assessed DNA persistence using samples from formerly cultivated soils in temperate environments. We found that the number of crop DNA sequences retrieved strongly varied with years since last cultivation, and crop sequences were absent from nearby, uncultivated plots. Third, we assessed the universal applicability of DNA metabarcoding using soil samples from tropical environments: a large proportion of species and families from the study site were efficiently recovered. The results open unprecedented opportunities for large‐scale DNA‐based biodiversity studies across a range of taxonomic groups using standardized metabarcoding approaches.
Shedding light on bioluminescence regulation in Vibrio fischeri
Authors: Miyashiro Tim , Ruby Edward G. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThe bioluminescence emitted by the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri is a particularly striking result of individual microbial cells co‐ordinating a group behaviour. The genes responsible for light production are principally regulated by the LuxR–LuxI quorum‐sensing system. In addition to LuxR–LuxI, numerous other genetic elements and environmental conditions control bioluminescence production. Efforts to mathematically model the LuxR–LuxI system are providing insight into the dynamics of this autoinduction behaviour. The Hawaiian squid Euprymna scolopes forms a natural symbiosis with V. fischeri, and utilizes the symbiont‐derived bioluminescence for certain nocturnal behaviours, such as counterillumination. Recent work suggests that the tissue with which V. fischeri associates not only can detect bioluminescence but may also use this light to monitor the V. fischeri population.
Geomorphology of carbonate platform‐marginal uppermost slopes: Insights from a Holocene analogue, Little Bahama Bank, Bahamas
Authors: RANKEY EUGENE C. , DOOLITTLE DANIEL F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAs the product of a variety of sediment sources and sedimentation (and re‐sedimentation) and erosion processes, the geomorphology and sedimentology of carbonate slopes are highly variable. The purpose of this study is to describe sub‐bottom profiles and side‐scan sonar, multibeam and optical data acquired by an autonomous underwater vehicle to explore variability in geomorphological and sedimentological character of the present‐day platform‐marginal, uppermost slope environments (< 240 m water depth) on the north, open‐ocean facing flank of Little Bahama Bank, Bahamas. Although at time scales of greater than 100 ka this margin is progradational, the data illustrate a complex juxtaposition of erosional and depositional processes and features. Erosion is evidenced by two prominent escarpments (70 m and 120 m) that expose eroded, bedded rocky outcrops. These escarpments are interpreted to represent relict features, related to past sea‐level positions, although they still may be shedding debris. Aside from erosional remnants, sedimentation and active transport is indicated by several features, including active bedforms (especially above the 70 m escarpment, but ripples occur to depths of ca 200 m), several mass transport complexes that overlie and cover the lower escarpment, gravity flow deposits and rare slump features. Similarly, a thick (up to 20 m) onlapping sediment wedge, interpreted to be Holocene in age, suggests lateral accretion of the slope by more than 75 m in this period. Data illustrate that this open‐ocean margin is distinct from windward margins in the Bahamas, which typically include near‐vertical walls of erosion or bypass, flanked downdip by rubble and talus, and leeward margins, which have onlapping muddy wedges, but that lack marked terraces or escarpments. Collectively, the results provide perspectives into the nature and controls on complex geomorphological patterns of erosion and deposition in Holocene uppermost slope systems, concepts potentially applicable to ancient analogues.
PETAL LOSS is a boundary gene that inhibits growth between developing sepals in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lampugnani Edwin R. , Kilinc Aydin , Smyth David R. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryFlower primordia are partitioned by boundaries during their early development. Such boundaries occur between whorls of organs, and also between organs within whorls. PETAL LOSS (PTL) is a trihelix transcription factor gene that is expressed in boundaries between sepal primordia in the outer whorl. Over‐expression of PTL results in growth suppression suggesting that PTL normally inhibits growth between newly arising sepals. We have tested this by examining the consequences of loss of PTL function using confocal imaging. The size of the inter‐sepal zone in stage 4 buds expands radially by 35–40% in ptl‐1 mutants as a consequence of additional cell proliferation. There is no change in the size of PTL‐expressing cells. PTL expression does not overlap with the sites of petal initiation identified using the DR5 auxin response reporter. The latter are closer to the centre of the flower. Thus the consequence of loss of PTL function on petal initiation is indirect, perhaps through interference with a mobile petal‐initiation signal or movement of the PTL protein. CUP‐SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) genes are also involved in defining inter‐sepal boundaries. However, genetic studies combining ptl with loss of cuc1 function, and gain of CUC function in extra early petals‐1 (miR164c) mutants, have revealed that CUC and PTL act differently. CUC suppresses growth of sepal tissues from the boundary region whereas PTL acts to keep the size of the boundary in check.
Oxytocin regulates changes of extracellular glutamate and GABA levels induced by methamphetamine in the mouse brain
Authors: Qi Jia , Han Wen‐Yan , Yang Jing‐Yu , Wang Li‐Hui , Dong Ying‐Xu , Wang Fang , Song Ming , Wu Chun‐Fu 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTOxytocin (OT), a neurohypophyseal neuropeptide, affects adaptive processes of the central nervous system. In the present study, we investigated the effects of OT on extracellular levels of glutamate (Glu) and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) induced by methamphetamine (MAP) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dorsal hippocampus (DHC) of freely moving mice, using in vivo microdialysis coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. The results showed that OT had no effect on basal Glu levels, but attenuated MAP‐induced Glu increase in the mPFC and decrease in the DHC. OT increased the basal levels of extracellular GABA in mPFC and DHC of mice, and inhibited the MAP‐induced GABA decrease in DHC. Western blot results indicated that OT significantly inhibited the increased glutamatergic receptor (NR1 subunit) levels in the PFC after acute MAP administration, whereas OT further enhanced the elevated levels of glutamatergic transporter (GLT1) induced by MAP in the hippocampus of mice. Atosiban, a selective inhibitor of OT receptor, antagonized the effects of OT. The results provided the first neurochemical evidence that OT, which exerted its action via its receptor, decreased Glu release induced by MAP, and attenuated the changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission partially via regulation of NR1 and GLT1 expression. OT‐induced extracellular GABA increase also suggests that OT acts potentially as an inhibitory neuromodulator in mPFC and DHC of mice.
Cardiac antibody–mediated rejection
Authors: Chin Clifford 
Published: April 2012

Chin C. Cardiac antibody–mediated rejection.Abstract: Many factors limit short‐ and long‐term survival after pediatric heart transplantation. Historically, attention had been directed toward T‐cell responses and acute cellular rejection. Presence of pretransplant antibodies against HLA is associated with increased donor wait times and poor post‐transplant outcomes. Therapies aimed to mitigate circulating antibodies include plasmapheresis, protein A immunoadsorption columns, intravenous immune globulin, rituximab, and bortezomib. The negative effects of B cells, HLA antibodies, and AMR and potential interventions are the focus of this review article.
Effects of parental radiation exposure on developmental instability in grasshoppers
Authors: BEASLEY D. E. , BONISOLI‐ALQUATI A. , WELCH S. M. , MØLLER A. P. , MOUSSEAU T. A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMutagenic and epigenetic effects of environmental stressors and their transgenerational consequences are of interest to evolutionary biologists because they can amplify natural genetic variation. We studied the effect of parental exposure to radioactive contamination on offspring development in lesser marsh grasshopperChorthippus albomarginatus. We used a geometric morphometric approach to measure fluctuating asymmetry (FA), wing shape and wing size. We measured time to sexual maturity to check whether parental exposure to radiation influenced offspring developmental trajectory and tested effects of radiation on hatching success and parental fecundity. Wings were larger in early maturing individuals born to parents from high radiation sites compared to early maturing individuals from low radiation sites. As time to sexual maturity increased, wing size decreased but more sharply in individuals from high radiation sites. Radiation exposure did not significantly affect FA or shape in wings nor did it significantly affect hatching success and fecundity. Overall, parental radiation exposure can adversely affect offspring development and fitness depending on developmental trajectories although the cause of this effect remains unclear. We suggest more direct measures of fitness and the inclusion of replication in future studies to help further our understanding of the relationship between developmental instability, fitness and environmental stress.