bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactivity‐guided isolation of antiproliferative compounds from Centaurea arenaria
Authors: Csapi Bence , Hajdú Zsuzsanna , Zupkó István , Berényi Ágnes , Forgo Peter , Szabó Pál , Hohmann Judit 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe antiproliferative effects of n‐hexane, chloroform and aqueous methanol extracts prepared from the whole plant of Centaurea arenaria M.B. ex Willd. were investigated against cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and skin epidermoid carcinoma (A431) cells, using the MTT assay. The chloroform extract displayed high tumour cell proliferation inhibitory activity (higher than 85% at 10 μg/mL concentration), and was therefore subjected to a bioassay‐guided multistep separation procedure. Flavonoids (eupatilin, eupatorin, 3′‐methyleupatorin, apigenin and isokaempferid), lignans (arctigenin, arctiin and matairesinol), the sesquiterpene cnicin, serotonin conjugates (moschamine and cis‐moschamine), β‐amyrin and β‐sitosterin‐β‐D‐glycopyranoside, identified by means of UV, MS and NMR spectroscopy, were obtained for the first time from this species. The isolated compounds were also evaluated for their tumour cell growth inhibitory activities on HeLa, MCF7 and A431 cells, and different types of secondary metabolites were found to be responsible for the antitumour effects of the extracts; in addition to moderately active compounds (isokaempferid and moschamine), especially apigenin, eupatorin, arctigenin, arctiin, matairesinol and cnicin exert marked antitumour effects against these cell lines. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversible inhibition of three important human liver cytochrome p450 enzymes by tiliroside
Authors: Sun Dong‐Xue , Lu Jin‐Cai , Fang Zhong‐Ze , Zhang Yan‐Yan , Cao Yun‐Feng , Mao Yu‐Xi , Zhu Liang‐Liang , Yin Jun , Yang Ling 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTiliroside, an active flavonoid extensively found in many medicinal plants including Helichrysum italicum, Geranium mexicanum and Helianthemum glomeratum, has been demonstrated to exert multiple biological effects including antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activities. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play an important role in the Phase I oxidation metabolism of a wide range of xenobiotics and inhibition of CYP isoforms might influence the elimination of drugs and induce serious adverse drug response. The inhibition of seven CYP isoforms (CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8 and CYP2E1) by tiliroside was investigated using in vitro human liver microsomal incubation assays. The results showed that tiliroside strongly inhibited the activity of CYP3A4 (IC50 = 9.0 ± 1.7 μm), CYP2C8 (IC50 = 12.1 ± 0.9 μm) and CYP2C9 (IC50 = 10.2 ± 0.9 μm) with other CYP isoforms negligibly influenced. Further kinetic analysis showed that inhibition of these three CYP isoforms by tiliroside is best fit to a competitive way. The Ki value was calculated to be 5.5 μm, 3.3 μm, 9.4 μm for CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2C8, respectively. The relatively low Ki values suggested that tiliroside might induce drug–drug interactions with many clinically used drugs which are mainly metabolized by these three CYP isoforms. Therefore, attention should be given to the probable drug–drug interaction between tiliroside‐containing herbs and substrates of CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2C8. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimalarial activity of extract and norbergenin derivatives from the stem bark of Diospyros sanza‐minika A. Chevalier (Ebenaceae)
Authors: Tangmouo Jean Gustave , Ho Raimana , Matheeussen An , Lannang Alain Meli , Komguem Justin , Messi Bernadette Biloa , Maes Louis , Hostettmann Kurt 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe methanol extract from the stem bark of Diospyros sanza‐minika as well as five norbergenin derivatives isolated from this crude extract were evaluated for their in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 and cytotoxicity on MRC‐5 cells. 4‐O‐(3′‐methylgalloyl)norbergenin was found to be the most potent compound (IC50 0.6 μg/mL; CC50 24.7 μg/mL), followed by 4‐O‐galloylnorbergenin (IC50 3.9 μg/mL; CC50 > 64 μg/mL) and 11‐O‐p‐hydroxy‐benzoyl‐norbergenin (IC50 4.9 μg/mL; CC50 > 64 μg/mL). Norbergenin and 4‐O‐syringoylnorbergenin were inactive (IC50 > 32 μg/mL; CC50 > 64 μg/mL). The antimalarial activity of the pure constituents and of the methanol extract from the stem bark of Diospyros sanza‐minika is reported for the first time. The results provide interesting baseline information for the potential use of the crude extract well as some of the isolated compounds in the search for novel antimalarial compounds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein kinase C pathway is involved in the inhibition by crocetin of vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation
Authors: Zhou Cheng‐Hua , Xiang Min , He Shu‐Ying , Qian Zhi‐Yu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCrocetin is a natural carotenoid compound isolated from Gardenia jasminoids Ellis. Our previous study showed that crocetin inhibits angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The present study investigated the involvement of the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway in the growth‐inhibitory action of crocetin in VSMCs. The findings showed that PKC activity in the membrane fraction of VSMCs increased following stimulation with Ang II, which was suppressed significantly by pretreating the cells with crocetin. Inhibition of PKC activity by crocetin appeared to be associated with growth inhibition in VSMCs, because chelerythrine chloride, a specific PKC inhibitor, likewise decreased cell proliferation. PKC‐a, a conventional PKC isoform, was detected in bovine aorta VSMCs by RT‐PCR and western blotting analysis. Crocetin inhibited Ang II‐induced membrane translocation of PKC‐a, and the inhibition of crocetin on PKC activity in membrane fraction coincided with its suppression on membrane translocation of PKC‐a. In addition, Ang II‐induced mRNA expressions of c‐fos, c‐jun and c‐myc were also decreased by crocetin. Taken together, the data suggest that the inhibition by crocetin of PKC activity, at least in part due to inactivation of PKC‐a, and the subsequent suppression of proto‐oncogene expressions might mediate its inhibitory effect on VSMCs proliferation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Milk thistle in liver diseases: past, present, future
Authors: Abenavoli Ludovico , Capasso Raffaele , Milic Natasa , Capasso Francesco 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSilybum marianum or milk thistle (MT) is the most well‐researched plant in the treatment of liver disease. The active complex of MT is a lipophilic extract from the seeds of the plant and is composed of three isomer flavonolignans (silybin, silydianin, and silychristin) collectively known as silymarin. Silybin is a component with the greatest degree of biological activity and makes up 50% to 70% of silymarin. Silymarin is found in the entire plant but it is concentrated in the fruit and seeds. Silymarin acts as an antioxidant by reducing free radical production and lipid peroxidation, has antifibrotic activity and may act as a toxin blockade agent by inhibiting binding of toxins to the hepatocyte cell membrane receptors. In animals, silymarin reduces liver injury caused by acetaminophen, carbon tetrachloride, radiation, iron overload, phenylhydrazine, alcohol, cold ischaemia and Amanita phalloides. Silymarin has been used to treat alcoholic liver disease, acute and chronic viral hepatitis and toxin‐induced liver diseases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radioprotective activity of Gentiana lutea extract and mangiferin
Authors: Menkovic Nebojsa , Juranic Zorica , Stanojkovic Tatjana , Raonic‐Stevanovic Tatjana , Šavikin Katarina , Zdunić Gordana , Borojevic Nenad 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRadioprotective/sensitizing actions of Gentiana lutea aqueous‐ethanol extract and mangiferin on radiation‐induced effects on different types of cells were investigated. The study focused on the decreasing survival of normal human immunocompetent cells, the survival of the malignant cells in vitro, and the survival of ex vivo irradiated cells before and after consumption of the extract by healthy volunteers. The in vitro experiments showed that mangiferin could inhibit cytotoxic action of ionizing irradiation (doses of 6 and 8 Gy) only on normal resting human PBMC, not stimulated for proliferation. Orally consumed G. lutea extract showed the potential to reduce the cytotoxic effect of x‐ray irradiation on normal human immunocompetent cells PBMC of some healthy people, without changing the susceptibility of malignant cells to be destroyed by irradiation. Since the radioprotective effect was individually dependent, further clinical studies are needed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental demonstration of mass‐filtered, time‐dilated, time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Demoranville L. T. , Grabowski K. S. , Knies D. L. , Cetina C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Trace Element Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (TEAMS) at the Naval Research Lab (NRL) offers a unique opportunity to develop a new type of time‐of‐flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (TOF‐SIMS). This opportunity derives from use of a Pretzel magnet as a recombinator and mass filter in the injector part to the accelerator. Mass filtering prior to time‐of‐flight analysis removes extraneous species, thereby reducing background for trace element analysis, and shortens the analysis time for a single‐beam pulse, thereby improving the duty cycle. Using this approach, it is possible to obtain expanded portions of a few narrow segments of the entire time‐of‐flight spectrum created by a single‐beam pulse. Additionally, a longer flight path with higher ion momenta in the Pretzel magnet introduces time dilation, thereby improving resolution. This type of TOF system is well suited for precise trace element abundance measurements, for example, the simultaneous measurement of fissionable nuclear material and selected fission fragments.Computer simulations and first test results led to recent modifications to electronics which have refined the system. These modifications resulted in the capability to produce a range of beam trigger widths and dwell times, while at the same time refining the peak shape. These capabilities allowed for the demonstration of mass filtering, interleaving and time dilation. While the NRL‐TEAMS system is not designed for TOF work, these results provide a demonstration of the capabilities of a future instrument. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depth profiling of micrometer‐order area by mesa‐structure fabrication
Authors: Seki S. , Tamura H. , Wada Y. , Tsutsui K. , Ootomo S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFabricating mesa structures with photolithography in samples for analysis is a promising method for microarea analysis in SIMS depth profiling because undesired ions originating from the surroundings of the analysis area are eliminated. We investigated the depth profiles of B implants in Si by varying the primary ion energy, beam size, mesa size, raster area and gate area ratio. When a 50 µm × 50 µm mesa was rastered over a 60 µm × 60 µm area with a 15‐keV Cs+ beam, a dynamic range for B of 3 × 105 and a detection limit of 3.2 × 1015 atoms/cm3 were obtained. As for a smaller mesa of 9 µm × 9 µm, the depth profiles of BSi− taken over a 30 µm × 30 µm raster area with a 5 keV beam were quite comparable to those over 13 × 13 and 11 µm × 11 µm raster areas with a 15 keV beam. The major advantages of using a mesa fabrication method are minimization of the raster area and maximization of the gate area ratio without deterioration of profile quality, which is quite favorable for microarea analysis. A very small mesa of 4 µm × 4 µm was also successfully analyzed, and a dynamic range of 4 × 103 was obtained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polarization and azimuthal angle dependence of the optical second harmonic generation from Pt nanowires on the MgO(110) faceted template
Authors: Ogata Yoichi , Tuan Nguyen Anh , Takase Saho , Mizutani Goro 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe have measured azimuthal angle dependence of the optical second‐harmonic (SH) intensity from Pt nanowire arrays on the faceted MgO(110) substrates. The cross‐sectional shapes of the fabricated Pt nanowires were also observed by transmission electron microscopy. The observed SH intensity patterns as a function of the sample rotation angle around the surface normal were characterized by the effective nonlinear susceptibility arising from the Cs symmetry of the Pt nanowire arrays. The correlation of the cross‐sectional shapes of the wires and their nonlinear susceptibility is discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosis and management of primary cervical carcinoma
Authors: Palmer Julia E. , Gillespie Alan M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe management of cervical cancer can be complex; thus centralised referral to a cancer centre is imperative to establish multidisciplinary patient care. An understanding of the importance of recognising the signs and symptoms of cervical cancer is necessary to diagnose the disease in its early stages, enabling radical treatments when appropriate. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer Patients with Synchronous and Metachronous Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yoon Sang Nam , Oh Sung Tae , Lim Seok‐Byung , Kim Tae Won , Kim Jong Hoon , Yu Chang Sik , Kim Jin Cheon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the characteristics of synchronous and metachronous gastric cancer in patients with colorectal cancer.MethodsWe reviewed 8,680 patients who underwent operations for primary sporadic colorectal cancer from 1989 to 2008. Synchronous gastric cancer was defined as gastric cancer diagnosed within 6 months of a colorectal cancer diagnosis. Gastric cancer diagnosed more than 6 months before or after colorectal cancer was defined as metachronous.ResultsThe incidences of synchronous and metachronous gastric cancer were 0.93 and 1.4%, respectively (combined 2.4%). The standardized incidence ratio was 1.199 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.005–1.420) when the patients with premetachronous gastric cancer were excluded. Patients with synchronous and metachronous gastric cancer were 5 years older on average compared to the control population without gastric cancer. In addition, multivariate analysis revealed an odds ratio (OR) of 3.6 for being male, OR = 2 for positive family history of solid tumors, OR = 2.2 for colonic lesion, and OR = 4 for MSH2 expression loss compared to patients without gastric cancer. Patients with postmetachronous gastric cancer (when compared to synchronous and premetachronous gastric cancer), a preoperative CEA level of less than 6 ng/ml, and a relatively early stage of colorectal cancer had significantly higher overall (p = 0.016, 0.007, and 0.004, respectively) and disease‐free survival rates (p = 0.046, 0.003, and 0.004, respectively), only on univariate analysis. Lymphovascular invasion of colorectal cancer and an advanced stage of gastric cancer were independent poor prognostic factors for both overall (p = 0.018) and disease‐free survival (p = 0.028).ConclusionsGastric cancer surveillance is recommended for patients with colorectal cancer, especially when the patient is old and male, has a positive family history of solid tumors, has a colonic lesion, or lacks MSH2 expression.
Packing for Damage Control of Nontraumatic Intra‐Abdominal Massive Hemorrhages
Authors: Filicori Filippo , Di Saverio Salomone , Casali Marco , Biscardi Andrea , Baldoni Franco , Tugnoli Gregorio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe Damage Control Surgery (DCS) approach to massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage has been shown to significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality in severely injured trauma patients. We applied the same principles to patients who developed a massive hemorrhage and the “lethal triad” (acidosis, hypothermia, coagulopathy) during a surgical procedure in order to assess feasibility and efficacy of DCS on nontraumatic grounds.MethodsA retrospective analysis of eight consecutive cases was performed aimed at collecting information on laboratory parameters, fluids requirements, operative times, APACHE II score, damage control surgery procedure, angioembolization, morbidity, mortality, and need for repacking.ResultsAverage APACHE II score was 25.5 (predicted mortality rate = 54%); overall and early mortality in the nontraumatic group was nil, while the intra‐abdominal septic (packing‐related) complication rate was 12.5%.ConclusionsIntra‐abdominal packing was shown to be feasible, safe, and effective for patients with intra‐abdominal nontraumatic massive hemorrhage, and the application of the principles of DCS may improve survival in cases of surgical hemorrhage with development of the lethal triad.
Modeling the consequence of increased host tolerance toward avian brood parasitism
Authors: Takasu Fugo , Moskát Csaba 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAvian brood parasites greatly reduce the reproductive success of their hosts. Empirical studies have demonstrated that some hosts have evolved defenses against parasitism like an ability to recognize and reject parasitic eggs that are dissimilar to their own eggs. Detailed mechanisms of how hosts recognize parasitism still remain unknown, but recent studies have shown that the host's recognition, in many cases, is based on discordance of the eggs in a clutch, and that hosts are more error‐prone when the nest is multiply parasitized, i.e., hosts tend to accept more multiple parasitism than single parasitism. In an area in Hungary, the great reed warblerAcrocephalus arundinaceus, one of the main hosts of the common cuckooCuculus canorus, is heavily parasitized and the parasitism rate has been kept at quite a high level for decades. Previous mathematical models suggest that such a high parasitism rate can be maintained because the focal host population behaves as a sink where few hosts can reproduce but immigration from outside replenishes the loss of host reproduction in the sink population. Here, we explore the consequences of the increased host tolerance towards multiple parasitism which has been overlooked in the previous studies using a simple model. Our model analysis shows that the increased host tolerance can dramatically contribute to both the parasite abundance and the parasitism rate being kept at a high level. We suggest that such a host behavior, combined with host immigration, can be an important factor responsible for the observed severe parasitism.
Natural Mentors, Mental Health, and Risk Behaviors: A Longitudinal Analysis of African American Adolescents Transitioning into Adulthood
Authors: Hurd Noelle , Zimmerman Marc 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this study, we tested whether having a natural mentor affected the growth trajectory of health outcomes among adolescents transitioning into adulthood (5 years post‐high school). Participants in this study included 615 African American emerging adults. Outcomes assessed in this study included depressive symptoms, sexual risk behavior, and substance use. We hypothesized that participants who possessed natural mentors would demonstrate greater declines over time across all outcome variables in comparison to their counterparts who did not possess natural mentors. Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling, we found that having a natural mentor was related to less depressive symptoms and less sexual risk behavior over time. The results suggest that natural mentors may protect youth from the negative outcomes associated with the risks they face. Implications of the results for prevention are discussed.
Girls Study Girls Inc.: Engaging Girls in Evaluation Through Participatory Action Research
Authors: Chen PeiYao , Weiss Faedra Lazar , Nicholson Heather Johnston ,   Girls Incorporated®
Published: June 2010

AbstractBetween 2004 and 2007, Girls Incorporated® conducted research about the experience of five affiliates from different parts of the United States as they engaged with girls in Girls Study Girls Inc., a participatory evaluation project that explored the meaning and impact of Girls Inc. environments and uncovered ways such environments can be improved. We describe the context and motivation for using participatory action research [PAR] in Girls Inc. environments and discuss the relevance and importance of PAR for organizations that empower girls and young women. We explain the process of training and engaging Girls Inc. members in research, discuss the effectiveness of Girls Study Girls Inc. as an evaluation strategy, and conclude this article with lessons learned and recommendations for using PAR in evaluating youth development programs.
Young Children as Protagonists and the Role of Participatory, Visual Methods in Engaging Multiple Perspectives
Authors: Clark Alison 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHow can the perspectives, insights and interests of young children, under 6 years‐old, be given status in processes of change? This paper will examine the contribution participatory and visual methods can make to enabling young children to document their experiences and to facilitate exchange with adults. Examples will be drawn from three research studies in educational settings which have developed a specific research method, the Mosaic approach (Clark and Moss 2001; Clark 2004; Clark 2005) which brings together visual and verbal research tools. This paper will discuss how researching with young children rather than on young children can redraw the boundaries between adults’ and children's roles in the research process including the relationship with the research audience.
Differential HMG‐CoA lyase expression in human tissues provides clues about 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaric aciduria
Authors: Puisac Beatriz , Arnedo María , Casale Cesar H. , Ribate María Pilar , Castiella Tomás , Ramos Feliciano J. , Ribes Antonia , Pérez‐Cerdá Celia , Casals Nuria , Hegardt Fausto G. , Pié Juan 
Published: June 2010

Abstract3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaric aciduria is a rare human autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl CoA lyase (HL). This mitochondrial enzyme catalyzes the common final step of leucine degradation and ketogenesis. Acute symptoms include vomiting, seizures and lethargy, accompanied by metabolic acidosis and hypoketotic hypoglycaemia. Such organs as the liver, brain, pancreas, and heart can also be involved. However, the pathophysiology of this disease is only partially understood. We measured mRNA levels, protein expression and enzyme activity of human HMG‐CoA lyase from liver, kidney, pancreas, testis, heart, skeletal muscle, and brain. Surprisingly, the pancreas is, after the liver, the tissue with most HL activity. However, in heart and adult brain, HL activity was not detected in the mitochondrial fraction. These findings contribute to our understanding of the enzyme function and the consequences of its deficiency and suggest the need for assessment of pancreatic damage in these patients.
The clinical manifestation of MCAD deficiency: challenges towards adulthood in the screened population
Authors: Schatz Ulrich A. , Ensenauer Regina 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMedium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is the most common fatty acid oxidation disorder. Typically, undiagnosed individuals are asymptomatic until an episode of increased energy demand and fasting occurs, resulting in metabolic derangement. Phenotypic heterogeneity has been increasingly realized, with reports of both neonates and adults manifesting with life‐threatening symptoms including encephalopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and cardiac failure. If diagnosed presymptomatically, outcome is favorable basically by avoidance of fasting. Early detection by newborn screening (NBS) has significantly reduced the incidence of severe adverse events including deaths. In this manuscript we focus on the natural course of the disease in both children and adults. Although NBS for MCADD has been successfully established, continuing efforts need to be made to avoid acute crises and deterioration of outcome in screened patients entering adolescence and adulthood.