bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal bleeding in haemophilia: a European cohort study
Authors: Richards M. , Lavigne Lissalde G. , Combescure C. , Batorova A. , Dolan G. , Fischer K. , Klamroth R. , Lambert T. , Lopez‐Fernandez M. , Pérez R. , Rocino A. , Fijnvandraat K. ,   on behalf of the European Haemophilia Treatment and Standardization Board
Published: December 2011

SummaryBirth is the first haemostatic challenge for a child with haemophilia. Our aim was to examine the association between perinatal risk factors and major neonatal bleeding in infants with haemophilia. This observational cohort study in 12 European haemophilia treatment centres (HTC) incorporated 508 children with haemophilia A or B, born between 1990 and 2008. Risk factors for bleeding were analysed by univariate analysis. Head bleeds occurred in 18 (3·5%) children within the first 28 d of life, including three intraparenchymal bleeds, one subdural haematoma and 14 cephalohaematomas. Intra‐cranial bleeds were associated with long‐term neurological sequelae in two (0·4%) cases; no deaths occurred. Assisted delivery (forceps/vacuum) was the only risk factor for neonatal head bleeding [Odds Ratio (OR) 8·84: 95% confidence interval (CI) 3·05–25·61]. Mild haemophilia and maternal awareness of her haemophilia carrier status seemed to be protective (OR 0·24; 95%CI 0·05–1·05 and OR 0·34; 95%CI 0·10–1·21, respectively), but due to the low number of events this was not statistically significant. We found no association between neonatal head bleeding and country, maternal age, parity, gestational age or presence of HTC. Maternal awareness of carrier status protected against assisted delivery (unadjusted OR 0·37; 95%CI 0·15–0·90; adjusted OR 0·47 (95%CI 0·18–1·21).
Vulnerable children's health as described in investigations of reported children
Authors: Hultman Elin , Alm Charlotte , Cederborg Ann‐Christin , Fälth Magnusson Karin 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis study explores whether the social services weigh in health aspects, and what these may be, when investigating reported children's life situation. Information about physical and psychological health aspects for 259 children in 272 investigations was included. Overall, information about children's health was limited. Problematic emotions were the most commonly reported health aspect in the investigations, whereas suicidal thoughts, self‐harm behaviour and gastrointestinal and renal diseases were mentioned least of all. A cluster analysis revealed that thelow level of health informationgroup included the largest sample of data and consisted of investigations with minimal information about children's health. The three other cluster groups,Neurological diseases and psychosomatic symptoms,Emotional healthandPhysical and psychological health and destructive behaviour, consisted of investigations conducted mostly according to the model called Children's Needs In Focus (BBIC, in Swedish, Barns Behov i Centrum). Although these investigations also produced limited information, they provided more than those assessed as having a low level of information about health aspects. The conclusion is that it is necessary to increase information about health aspects in investigations if social welfare systems are to be able to fulfil their ambition of supporting vulnerable children's need of health care.
You matter to me: important relationships and self‐esteem of adolescents in foster care
Authors: Farineau Heather M. , Stevenson Wojciak Armeda , McWey Lenore M. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis study examined the extent to which relationships with biological mothers, foster parents and peers influenced the self‐esteem of adolescents in foster care. A subsample from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well‐Being of adolescents in long‐term foster care was used for this study (n = 188). The findings indicated that when considering relationships with biological mothers, foster parents and peers and controlling for demographic characteristics in one regression model, relationships with peers had the greatest impact on self‐esteem of adolescents. Implications for child welfare and clinical work are discussed.
Incubation temperature affects the metabolic cost of thermoregulation in a young precocial bird
Authors: DuRant Sarah E. , Hopkins William A. , Wilson Amanda F. , Hepp Gary R. 
Published: December 2011

Summary1. The developmental environment plays a key role in determining offspring phenotype, and the parents’ behaviour and physiology often dictates developmental conditions. Despite the plethora of studies documenting the importance of incubation temperature on offspring phenotype in reptiles, very few studies have examined such relationships in birds.2. Because nearly all birds physically incubate their eggs, altering the nest environment may be an important but previously overlooked way parents can influence their offspring’s phenotype. Here, we tested the hypothesis that incubation temperature would affect thermoregulation in wood duck (Aix sponsa) hatchlings.3. We show that a reduction in <1 °C in incubation temperature affects the metabolic costs of thermoregulation in offspring of a non‐domesticated bird, resulting in 27–40% greater increases in oxygen consumption of ducklings incubated at the lowest temperature relative to ducklings incubated at higher temperatures.4. Because we demonstrate that incubation temperature affects hatchling phenotypic quality, our findings provide novel support for newly proposed frameworks that highlight the importance of incubation temperature to the evolution of clutch size in birds.
Protected raspberry production alters aphid–plant interactions but not aphid population size
Authors: Johnson Scott N. , Young Mark W. , Karley Alison J. 
Published: December 2011

Aphid population dynamics in crops are often driven by interactions with their host plants, which can be extensively influenced by environmental change. Protective environments (i.e. plastic tunnels) are now frequently used for soft fruit production, which may affect the localized climate and alter such interactions. This two year study on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) addressed how protected environments affected two aphid species; the large raspberry aphid Amphorophora idaei (LRA) and the small raspberry aphid Aphis idaei (SRA).
Temperatures were higher (up to 7–10 °C) in tunnels compared with the field. Plants in tunnels grew approximately 1.4 cm/week faster and had lower (approximately 35%) foliar amino acid concentrations than plants in the field.
Aphids affected plant growth differently depending on growing environment; they promoted plant growth by 18–37% in tunnels, although they had no such effect in the field. Aphids reduced total and essential amino acid concentrations, with SRA causing greatest reductions (approximately 40% and 33%, respectively).
Aphid population sizes were similar in both environments, although individual LRA were smaller in tunnels (30% smaller in 2007) compared with those in the field. We suggest that faster aphid development rates inside warmer tunnels were not realized as a result of the variable effects of the growing environment on amino acid composition.
We conclude that the increasing use of protected environments in crop production will not necessarily cause predictable increases in aphid populations, although it may alter aphid–plant interactions in terms of aphid‐induced changes to plant growth.
Local inflammation influences oestrogen metabolism in prostatic tissue
Authors: Mosli Hisham A. , Al‐Abd Ahmed M. , El‐Shaer Marwa A. , Khedr Alaa , Gazzaz Faten S. , Abdel‐Naim Ashraf B. 
Published: December 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The role of oestrogen in prostatic inflammation has been extensively shown. The catechol oestrogens are known to be more potent oestrogenic moieties that not only aggravate the inflammatory response in situ, but are also believed to have oxidative stress and genotoxic effects.The present study highlights a significant role of inflammation in oestrogen metabolism and, particularly, in generating ‘bad’ oestrogen metabolites. This finding may pave the way for new therapeutic methods for the treatment and/or prevention of prostate diseases.OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of experimentally induced inflammation on oestrogen metabolism in rat prostate.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Prostatitis was induced in normal and oestrogen‐treated male rats by injecting 2% carrageenan solution into the ventral prostate. After 48 h, the rats were killed and the ventral prostate was collected.
Prostatic inflammation and proliferation were confirmed by gross visual evidence, histology and elevated tumour necrosis factor‐α, prostaglandin E2 and cyclin‐D1.
Expression of oestrogen‐metabolizing enzymes was assessed using capillary electrophoresis, and oestrogen metabolites within prostate tissue were assayed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.
RESULTS
Animals exposed to carrageenan insult combined with oestrogen treatment showed the most prominent inflammatory and proliferative response.
Treatment of animals with oestrogen alone induced moderate inflammation and proliferation.
Oestrogen‐metabolizing enzymes were overexpressed in animals with experimental prostatitis with sequential accumulation of catechol oestrogens within prostatic tissues.
Oestrogen receptor‐α was underexpressed in the prostatitis with oestrogen group, while oestrogen receptor‐β was overexpressed.
CONCLUSIONS
The present work provides experimental evidence that local inflammation enhances oestrogen synthesis and directs oestrogen metabolism to generate catechol oestrogens within prostatic tissues.
This may contribute, at least partly, to enhanced prostatic cell proliferation.
Will the implementation of the 2007 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines on childhood urinary tract infection (UTI) in the UK miss significant urinary tract pathology?
Authors: Deader Rafia , Tiboni Sonia G. , Malone Padraig S.J. , Fairhurst Joanna 
Published: December 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Most centres continue to investigate children extensively after a urinary tract infection. These investigations are invasive, time consuming and expensive and despite their widespread application they have not had a significant impact on the rates of chronic renal failure secondary to infection. Despite this evidence the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines generated significant controversy that abnormalities would be missed, placing children at increased risk of renal injury, thus reducing their implementation.Significant underlying abnormalities of the urinary tract will not be missed if the NICE guidelines are followed. This will reduce the unpleasant investigations that children will be subjected to and it should lead to considerable cost savings. The NICE guidelines are safe and should be widely implemented.OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether the implementation of the August 2007 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines would miss significant urinary tract pathology in children with urinary tract infection (UTI).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
All ultrasound (US) performed in children aged >6 months, during the year 1 August 2006 to 31 July 2007 for UTI, were retrospectively studied.
Each US scan in the study population of 346 was categorised dependent on whether it was appropriate or inappropriate to have been performed under the new guidelines and whether the US scan was normal or abnormal.
The records of each patient with an inappropriate abnormal US scan were re‐analysed to see if patient management was affected by the US scan.
In 2011 patients with an original inappropriate abnormal US scan were re‐evaluated to identify if any had presented with further urinary pathology.
RESULTS
In accordance with the NICE guidelines patients were divided by age.
Children aged 0.5–3 years: 78/95 (82%) US scans were inappropriate of which 12 (15%) were abnormal and four of these had a further documented UTI. After careful assessment of the US abnormalities it was judged that only one would have benefited from the initial US scan.
Children aged >3 years: 146/251 (58%) US scans were inappropriate of which 21(14%) were abnormal and six of these (29%) had a further documented UTI. After careful assessment of the US abnormalities it was judged that only three of 21 (14%) would have benefited from the initial US scan.
CONCLUSIONS
The vast majority of anomalies detected on the inappropriate US scans were of little clinical significance.
It is difficult to identify any patient who would have been truly disadvantaged if the US scan had not been performed after the initial UTI.
The NICE guidelines are safe to follow.
Blood loss during radical prostatectomy: impact on clinical, oncological and functional outcomes and complication rates
Authors: Djavan Bob , Agalliu Ilir , Laze Juliana , Sadri Helen , Kazzazi Amir , Lepor Herbert 
Published: December 2011

Study Type – Outcomes (cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?It is generally accepted in the medical community that total and intra‐operative blood loss after RALP is significantly lower in comparison with ORRP. This has led to speculation that less bleeding results in better visualization of the operative field resulting in superior potency and continence.Blood loss (BL) during ORRP does not adversely impact clinical and functional outcomes irrespective of how BL is defined. Thus, the lower BL associated with RALP would not be expected to improve functional or oncological outcomes.OBJECTIVE
To determine the short‐ and long‐term impact of blood loss (BL) on clinical, oncological and functional outcomes as well as complication rates after an open radical retropubic prostatectomy (ORRP).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Between 2000 and 2008, 1567 men who underwent an ORRP participated in our prospective longitudinal outcomes study.
Haematocrit (Hct) levels, transfusion rates, BL and complications were recorded prospectively.
Validated, self‐administered quality‐of‐life (QoL) questionnaires were completed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months and yearly thereafter.
Urinary function and erectile dysfunction were assessed using AUA Symptom Score and the UCLA Prostate Cancer Index and analysis of variance (anova)/chi‐square tests were used to compare clinical, BL, biochemical recurrence (BCR) and QoL outcomes amongst the three groups for continuous/categorical variables.
RESULTS
The mean estimated BL was 742.7 (45 to 3500) mL and 5.4% and 3.8% received an autologous (AU) or allogeneic (AL) blood transfusions, respectively.
The average baseline, induction, postoperative and discharge Hct was 43.8%, 48.3%, 35.7% and 34.1%, respectively.
The estimated BL and the rate of change of Hct correlated moderately (r = 0.41, P < 0.0001).
Tertiles of BL were based on the difference between induction and discharge Hct (Delta 1) and the average Delta 1 for Groups 1, 2 and 3 were 7.9%, 12.7% and 17.2%, respectively.
Intra‐operative, early/delayed complications, length of hospital stay (LoS), SM surgical margins status, anastomotic stricture and BCR were not statistically different (P < 0.001) and the mean AUASS, UCLA Prostate Cancer urinary bother scores, urinary function scores, sexual bother/function scores at 24 months were similar amongst all tertiles (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
BL during ORRP does not adversely impact clinical and functional outcomes irrespective of how BL is defined.
Thus, the lower BL associated with robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) in and of itself would not be expected to improve functional or oncological outcomes.
Oxidative stress mediates cardiac infarction aggravation induced by intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Ramond Amandine , Godin‐Ribuot Diane , Ribuot Christophe , Totoson Perle , Koritchneva Irina , Cachot Sandrine , Levy Patrick , Joyeux‐Faure Marie 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe have previously shown that chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH), a component of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, increases heart sensitivity to infarction. We investigate here the deleterious mechanisms potentially involved in the IH‐induced infarction aggravation, investigating the role of oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats were subjected to chronic IH or normoxia (N). IH consisted of repetitive 1‐min cycles (30 s with inspired O2 fraction 5% followed by 30 s normoxia) and was applied for 8 h during daytime, for 14 days. After the 14‐day exposure, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was higher in the hypoxic compared with the normoxic group. Infarct size, measured on isolated hearts after ischemia‐reperfusion, was significantly increased in IH compared with normoxic group (36.0 ± 2.8% vs. 21.8 ± 3.1% for tempol corresponding control groups and 40.3 ± 3.5% vs. 29.4 ± 3.7% for melatonin corresponding control groups). Tempol or melatonin administration during the 14‐day IH exposure prevented both IH‐induced increase in MABP and infarction aggravation (24.8 ± 2.8% vs. 25.9 ± 4.0% for tempol‐treated groups and 32.3 ± 3.2% vs. 34.5 ± 4.2% for melatonin‐treated groups). Myocardial oxidative stress was induced by IH, as measured by dihydroethidium (DHE) level and p47‐phox expression (the cytosolic protein required for the activation of the NADPH oxidase). This effect was abolished by tempol and melatonin treatments, which were able to normalize DHE level and NADPH expression. In conclusion, oxidative stress appears to mediate the deleterious cardiovascular effects of IH and, in particular, the increased myocardial susceptibility to infarction.
Perinatal outcome of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in an Australian tertiary hospital
Authors: O'Mahony Edward , Stewart Michael , Sampson Amanda , East Christine , Palma-Dias Ricardo 
Published: December 2011

Background:  Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a potentially correctable anatomical defect that continues to represent a significant cause of stillbirth and neonatal death.
Aims:  To describe the outcomes of fetuses diagnosed antenatally with CDH.
Methods:  A retrospective cohort study of fetuses with CDH detected antenatally at our fetal medicine unit between January 1996 and December 2008. The study analyses factors associated with mortality in a setting where no fetal intervention for this condition is performed.
Results:  Eighty‐six cases were identified and 75.5% of infants were born alive. Mortality prior to corrective surgery was 7%. The survival rate for babies born at term with isolated CDH was 83%. Presence of an additional anomaly, herniated liver and preterm delivery were associated with increased mortality. Seventy‐four percent of liveborn infants with either isolated CDH or other anomalies survived to discharge.
Conclusions:  Although the overall mortality rate for this condition remains high, fetuses with isolated CDH born at term have relatively high survival rates. This study provides data for counselling parents in tertiary centres with advanced neonatal care but where antenatal intervention for this condition has not been introduced.
Acute Effects of Muscular Counterpulsation Therapy on Cardiac Output and Safety in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Ostojic Dominique , Seifert Ingmar , Pütz Vanessa , Bartsch Stephan , Bitter Thomas , Horstkotte Dieter , Oldenburg Olaf 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOur aim was to investigate acute effects of muscular counterpulsation (MCP) on hemodynamic parameters and to evaluate its safety in regard to myocardial integrity and interferences with implanted rhythm devices in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). A total of 22 patients with CHF (16 male, 67.8 ± 9.5 years, New York Heart Association [NYHA] class II + III, left ventricular ejection fraction 29.6 ± 6.6%) were treated with MCP for 3 consecutive days for 45 min, while hemodynamic parameters were measured noninvasively by bioimpedance (Task Force Monitor). Laboratory control and a complete device testing were performed prior to the first and after the third treatment. In addition, continuous rhythm device interrogation was performed online during the first MCP application. During each application, a significant increase in cardiac output (CO; average change +2.08 ± 2.33 L/min, P < 0.05) was documented. This increase was due to a decrease of total peripheral resistance (−336 ± 530 dyn × s/cm5, P < 0.05), to an augmented stroke volume (+8.35 ±  20.86 mL, P = n.s.), and an increase in heart rate (+17.12 ± 21.12 bpm, P < 0.05). Cardiac markers and enzymes were within normal limits at all times and did not increase during treatment. MCP stimuli were monitored using surface electrocardiogram, and no abnormal sensing or pacing events occurred. MCP acutely improves CO in patients with stable CHF. No adverse influence on myocardial integrity was observed nor were any inappropriate sensing or pacing artifacts detected in patients with implanted rhythm devices.
A Dynamic Flux in Natural Killer Cell Subsets as a Function of the Duration of Alcohol Ingestion
Authors: Ballas Zuhair K. , Cook Robert T. , Shey Michael R. , Coleman Ruth A. 
Published: December 2011

Background:  Chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption is associated with a wide variety of immune abnormalities including changes in T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. However, there is conflicting information as to the direction of such immune changes. The hypothesis that was tested in this report is that, for NK cells, the changes can vary as a function of the duration of alcohol ingestion.Methods:  Using the Meadows–Cook murine model of chronic alcohol ingestion, the changes in NK cell function and subset distribution were examined as a function of the duration of alcohol ingestion.Results:  Acute alcohol ingestion resulted in decreased number and cytotoxic function of NK cells with no effect on intracellular interferon gamma expression. These abnormalities normalized after 12 to 14 days of alcohol ingestion and there was an increase of NK cell number and cytotoxicity after 8 weeks of continued EtOH ingestion. Ten weeks of continued alcohol consumption results in a significant decrease in the Ly49H+ CD11b+ CD27− splenic NK cell subset; this difference continued to be significant at 30 weeks.Conclusions:  This report may explain some of the conflicting data in the literature that examined NK cell activity in alcoholic patients. It is apparent that various abnormalities can be seen in NK cell activity and subset distribution with the flux being a function of the duration of alcohol ingestion. The demonstration of a decrease in the Ly49H+ subset (which is known to be involved in resisting murine cytomegalovirus infection) may explain the reported increase in susceptibility to some viral infections in chronic alcohol abuse. Another novel finding is that changes of some subsets of NK cells are not evident until at least 10 weeks of continued EtOH consumption.