bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between poor sleep and mental health issues in Indigenous communities across the globe: a systematic review
Authors: Fernandez Dan Richard , Lee Rennie , Tran Nam , Jabran Dure Sameen , King Stephanie , McDaid Lisa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudy ObjectivesEvidence from studies among non-Indigenous populations has established the association of poor sleep to mental health issues and supported how improving sleep could reduce the risk of mental ill health. In contrast, for Indigenous people, who experience disproportionate rates of mental ill health, the association between sleep and mental health and the potential of sleep health in reducing the risk and severity of mental health issues have never been fully reviewed. Considering the literature gap, this review assesses the association between sleep and mental health in Indigenous people.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, a study was submitted to the PROSPERO database for registration (293798) prior to commencing the review. Then academic databases were searched for relevant studies published up till 19 February 2023. Studies with quantitative data on sleep and mental health association in Indigenous people were included and a narrative review/synthesis was conducted.ResultsSeven studies, using carer/self-reports (six cross-sectional, one longitudinal) among three Indigenous groups (N = 3066) met the inclusion criteria. In Indigenous Australian children, arousal problems were associated with aggression, and withdrawn behavior, while early bedtime was associated with a lower risk of behavioral problems. In Native American young people, insomnia symptoms were associated with depressive symptoms in adults, short sleep was associated with affective disorders. Clinical sleep issues, i.e. restless leg and apnea, were associated with depression. In Amerindian/Mestizo adults, restless leg syndrome was associated with depression and anxiety. Overall, findings report the prevalence of poor sleep and mental health issues among Indigenous communities across the globe. Six studies scored “moderate quality” and one study scored “high quality” in quality assessment.ConclusionsWhile there is limited research available, our finding suggests an association between poor sleep and mental health issues in Indigenous people. Further investigation of the potential role of, and investing in, sleep health could help support mental health.
Authentic Behavior and Job Satisfaction among Child Welfare Caseworkers
Authors: Kim Yoon Mi , Lee Soohyoung Rain , Kovarie George M , Maxi Andrea , Hong Sunki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the relationship between authentic behavior and job satisfaction among child welfare caseworkers in Pennsylvania. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to validate the domains of the Authentic Behavior Scale (balanced processing, relational transparency, and internalized morality) and Job Satisfaction Scale, and the results provided consistent support for the factorial structure of the scales across child welfare caseworkers. The findings of this study revealed a positive correlation between authentic behavior and job satisfaction. To further explore this relationship, a path model was developed that included the elements of authentic behavior, job satisfaction, and demographic variables. The results indicated an association between the type of agency and internalized morality, impacting job satisfaction. Private workers showed a higher level of authentic behavior compared with public workers, with authentic behavior associated with greater job satisfaction. The findings suggest that authentic behavior can play a crucial role in social work practice and warrants considerable attention.
Phylogenomic Discordance is Driven by Wide-Spread Introgression and Incomplete Lineage Sorting During Rapid Species Diversification Within Rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalus and Sistrurus)
Authors: Myers Edward A , Rautsaw Rhett M , Borja Miguel , Jones Jason , Grünwald Christoph I , Holding Matthew L , Grazziotin Felipe G , Parkinson Christopher L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Abstract.—Phylogenomics allows us to uncover the historical signal of evolutionary processes through time and estimate phylogenetic networks accounting for these signals. Insight from genome-wide data further allows us to pinpoint the contributions to phylogenetic signal from hybridization, introgression, and ancestral polymorphism across the genome. Here, we focus on how these processes have contributed to phylogenetic discordance among rattlesnakes (genera Crotalus and Sistrurus), a group for which there are numerous conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses based on a diverse array of molecular datasets and analytical methods. We address the instability of the rattlesnake phylogeny using genomic data generated from transcriptomes sampled from nearly all known species. These genomic data, analyzed with coalescent and network-based approaches, reveal numerous instances of rapid speciation where individual gene trees conflict with the species tree. Moreover, the evolutionary history of rattlesnakes is dominated by incomplete speciation and frequent hybridization, both of which have likely influenced past interpretations of phylogeny. We present a new framework in which the evolutionary relationships of this group can only be understood in light of genome-wide data and network-based analytical methods. Our data suggest that network radiations, like those seen within the rattlesnakes, can only be understood in a phylogenomic context, necessitating similar approaches in our attempts to understand evolutionary history in other rapidly radiating species.
Determining muscle plasticity and meat quality development of low-input extended fed market-ready steers
Authors: Wicks Jordan C , Wivell Alexis L , Beline Mariane , Zumbaugh Morgan D , Bodmer Jocelyn S , Yen Con-Ning , Johnson-Schuster Chantal , Wilson Thomas B , Greiner Scott P , Johnson Sally E , Shi Tim H , Silva Saulo Luz , Gerrard David E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, which ultimately led to many meat processors temporarily shutting down or reducing processing capacity. This backlog in processing capacity forced many feedlots to retain cattle for longer periods of time and assume the risk of major market fluctuations. The aim of this study was to understand how a dietary insult affects meat quality and muscle metabolism in market-ready steers (590 kg). Sixteen market-ready (590 kg) commercial Angus crossbred steers were subjected to a maintenance diet of either forage or grain for 60 d. Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle samples were collected immediately postmortem and processed for characteristics reflecting the underlying muscle fiber type and energy state of the tissue. Despite cattle being subjected to a 60-d feeding period, there were no detectable differences (P &gt; 0.05) in carcass characteristics, color of lean, or ultimate pH (pHu). Moreover, our data show that muscle plasticity is rather resilient, as reflected by lack of significance (P &gt; 0.05) in oxidative and glycolytic enzymes, myosin heavy chain isoforms (MyHC), myoglobin, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contents. These data show that market-ready steers are capable of withstanding a low-input feeding strategy up to 60 d without dramatically impacting underlying muscle characteristics and meat quality development.
Addition of Liposomal Bupivacaine to Standard Bupivacaine versus Standard Bupivacaine Alone in the Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chan Timmy Chi Wing , Wong Janus Siu Him , Wang Fengfeng , Fang Christian Xinshuo , Yung Colin Shing-yat , Chan Manson Tak Hei , Chan Will Shing Him , Wong Stanley Sau Ching 
Published: May 2024

Background
The analgesic effect of adding liposomal bupivacaine to standard bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block is not known. The authors hypothesized that addition of liposomal bupivacaine would reduce acute postoperative pain compared to standard bupivacaine alone.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Patients and outcome assessors were blinded. Eighty patients undergoing distal radial fracture fixation during regional anesthesia with supraclavicular brachial plexus block were randomized into two groups. The liposomal bupivacaine group received 10 ml 0.5% plain bupivacaine immediately followed by 10 ml 1.33% liposomal bupivacaine (n = 40). The standard bupivacaine group received 20 ml 0.5% plain bupivacaine (n = 40). The primary outcome was weighted area under curve (AUC) numerical rating scale pain score at rest during the first 48 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included weighted AUC scores for pain with movement, overall benefit with analgesia score, and other functional scores.

Results
For the primary outcome, the liposomal bupivacaine group was associated with statistically significantly lower weighted AUC pain score at rest (0.6 vs. 1.4; P < 0.001) in the first 48 h. Of the secondary outcomes, no difference between treatment groups reached statistical significance with the exception of weighted AUC score for pain with movement (2.3 vs. 3.7; adjusted P < 0.001) and overall benefit with analgesia score (1.1 vs. 1.7; adjusted P = 0.020) in the first 48 h, as well as numerical rating scale pain score at rest (0.5 vs. 1.9; adjusted P < 0.001) and with movement (2.7 vs. 4.9; adjusted P < 0.001) on postoperative day 1. Differences in numerical rating scale pain scores on postoperative days 2, 3, and 4 did not reach the level of statistical significance. There were no statistically significant differences in sensory function.

Conclusions
Liposomal bupivacaine given via supraclavicular brachial plexus block reduced pain at rest in the early postoperative period.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Recruiting and cultivating future leaders in laboratory science
Authors: Bartolucci Alison , Alouf Charlene , Angle Marlane , Jindal Sangita 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Technological in-vitro fertilization (IVF) advancements originate in the embryology laboratory, and are accompanied by increased regulatory oversight and risk management. Stakes have never been higher or the need greater for the recruitment and cultivation of leaders in laboratory science to navigate the direction of IVF. Current thought leaders in state-of-the-art laboratories must prioritize this mission to optimize and preserve the future of IVF.

Recent findings
Leaders in laboratory science must be able to speak to patients, the lay public, business leaders, scientific colleagues and clinical embryologists. While technically gifted, laboratory leaders may benefit from leadership training. Recruitment of scientists into IVF is currently challenging due to a lack of branding and no clear pipeline for new scientists to enter the field. Once recruited however, cultivation of new leaders requires coaching and skill acquisition over time, in order to create multifaceted laboratory leadership.

Summary
Laboratory leaders are typically recruited based on education and experience to lead teams of embryologists. These leaders will adopt new technologies in the laboratory. Therefore, laboratory leaders play a powerful role in IVF requiring leadership skills ultimately driving patient outcomes. These laboratory directors must possess innate leadership abilities or learn how to lead their teams.
Climate change and human health: a primer on what women's health physicians can do on behalf of their patients and communities
Authors: Alvero Ruben 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
To describe the current state of knowledge on the impact on climate change on women's health and to highlight opportunities for healthcare providers to serve as advocates and subject matter experts.

Recent findings
Healthcare providers are a uniquely respected voice in society but have not used this advantage to advocate for their communities and participate in mitigation, adaptation, and resiliency efforts on behalf of their patients and communities.

Summary
Healthcare providers feel that climate change is real, is human caused, and is currently or will shortly negatively impact their patients. They feel unprepared to serve as leaders and advocates due to time limitations and a knowledge gap. Resources in the current climate movement can help close this gap.
Liver-specific mitochondrial amidoxime–reducing component 1 (Mtarc1) knockdown protects the liver from diet-induced MASH in multiple mouse models
Authors: Guo Yuanjun , Gao Zhengyu , LaGory Edward L. , Kristin Lewis Wilson , Gupte Jamila , Gong Yan , Rardin Matthew J. , Liu Tongyu , Nguyen Thong T. , Long Jason , Hsu Yi-Hsiang , Murray Justin K. , Lade Julie , Jackson Simon , Zhang Jun 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Human genetic studies have identified several mitochondrial amidoxime–reducing component 1 (MTARC1) variants as protective against metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease. The MTARC1 variants are associated with decreased plasma lipids and liver enzymes and reduced liver-related mortality. However, the role of mARC1 in fatty liver disease is still unclear.

Methods:
Given that mARC1 is mainly expressed in hepatocytes, we developed an N-acetylgalactosamine–conjugated mouse Mtarc1 siRNA, applying it in multiple in vivo models to investigate the role of mARC1 using multiomic techniques.

Results:
In ob/ob mice, knockdown of Mtarc1 in mouse hepatocytes resulted in decreased serum liver enzymes, LDL-cholesterol, and liver triglycerides. Reduction of mARC1 also reduced liver weight, improved lipid profiles, and attenuated liver pathological changes in 2 diet-induced metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis mouse models. A comprehensive analysis of mARC1-deficient liver from a metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis mouse model by metabolomics, proteomics, and lipidomics showed that Mtarc1 knockdown partially restored metabolites and lipids altered by diet.

Conclusions:
Taken together, reducing mARC1 expression in hepatocytes protects against metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis in multiple murine models, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for this chronic liver disease.
The importance of optimal medical therapy in patients undergoing lower extremity bypass
Authors: Gomez-Sanchez Clara M. , Conte Michael S. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
The prevalence of peripheral artery disease is growing, with millions of people globally suffering its end-stage manifestation, chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Revascularization procedures like lower extremity bypass play a vital role in limb salvage but optimal medical therapy is essential for maximizing the benefit of these procedures and reducing long-term risks of cardiovascular and limb-related events.

Recent findings
Patients with PAD who undergo lower extremity bypass warrant a comprehensive approach to risk factor modification for both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and limb-related complications. This includes appropriate use of high-intensity statins, smoking cessation, and management of hypertension and diabetes. Additionally, antiplatelet therapy is indicated for all patients with CLTI and additional treatment with low-dose anticoagulation may also be beneficial.

Summary
Optimal medical therapy is essential for optimizing outcomes in patients with PAD undergoing lower extremity bypass.
A Novel Custom Bent 27-Gauge Needle–Guided Suture Snare Technique for Scleral Fixation of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Chen Chunming , Shao Yan , Zhong Hong , Qin Chengyao , Liu Zehao , Sun Wenxiu , Li Min 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To describe a custom bent 27-gauge needle–guided suture snare technique for scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PCIOL).

Methods:
An 8-0 polypropylene suture was threaded into the lumen of a custom bent 27-gauge needle, and the needle tip was advanced into the eye from the intraocular lens (IOL) fixation point. The suture was threaded through the posterior limbal incision inside the IOL haptic loop and pulled out. The needle tip was advanced into the eye again, going around the IOL haptic loop through the same limbal incision. The suture was threaded in again, and the needle was withdrawn from the eye, completing fixation of the IOL haptic loop. The suture knot was buried in the stroma of the sclera.

Results:
The technique was performed in 10 eyes of 10 patients, with a preoperative logarithm of the minimum resolution angle-corrected visual acuity of 0.73 ± 0.55 (Snellen 20/107), improvement of 0.24 ± 0.27 (Snellen 20/35) at the final follow-up visit, and a mean postoperative PCIOL tilt of 2.78 ± 1.32°. There were no cases of pupillary capture or suture-related complications during follow-up.

Conclusion:
The curved needle-guided suture snare technique provides a simple minimally invasive method of scleral suture fixation of PCIOL.
Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid in Young Patients
Authors: Jinagal Jitender , Gupta Barkha , Hanumanthu Vinodh , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Limbu Sraddha , Malhotra Chintan , Gupta Amit , Jain Arun K. , Yangzes Sonam , Mahajan Rahul , Handa Sanjeev , Pandav Surinder Singh , De Dipankar 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to report ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) occurring in young patients. Relevant literature is also reviewed.

Methods:
Medical records of patients aged 30 years or younger who were treated for OCP between August 2021 and May 2023 at a tertiary care eye institute were reviewed. The most common differential diagnoses of cicatrizing conjunctivitis, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome sequelae, chemical injury, chronic topical/systemic drug use, autoimmune connective tissue disorders, or allergic eye diseases, were ruled out based on clinical history, examination, and the Cicatrizing Conjunctivitis Score described by Shanbhag et al. The diagnosis of OCP was confirmed by positive direct immunofluorescence of oral mucosal and/or conjunctival biopsy in a majority of the patients.

Results:
Seven patients fulfilled the criteria for a diagnosis of OCP. The mean age at presentation was 21.86 ± 5.25 years (13–28 years). Some of the patients presented with relatively atypical features for OCP such as corneal immune ring infiltrate and bilateral corneal perforation. Six patients exhibited systemic mucosal lesions, and the direct immunofluorescence yield was 85.71%. All patients required aggressive immunosuppressive treatment.

Conclusions:
OCP is classically described as a rare disease that occurs in old age. This case series highlights the importance of a higher index of suspicion for diagnosing OCP at a younger age. Early administration of immunosuppressive agents can potentially control severe ocular surface inflammation and its sequelae.
Endothelial Involvement in Monocular Mpox Keratitis: In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Approach
Authors: Corbella-Baselga Inés , Bruix Anna , Larena Raquel , Julio Gemma , Barraquer Rafael I. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features and endothelial involvement in a case of Mpox virus keratitis by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).

Methods:
This is a case report.

Results:
A 35-year-old man presented with redness, photophobia, pain, tearing, and a low visual acuity of 0.09 (decimal) in the left eye with a 6-week history of Mpox and corneal trauma. Previous testing of blood, interdigital skin lesions, and conjunctival and eyelid margin swabs confirmed the presence of Mpox by polymerase chain reaction. Biomicroscopy displayed superficial stromal infiltrates with a continuous but irregular epithelium. IVCM revealed the presence of pseudoguttata, loss of defined cell boundaries, infiltration of inflammatory cells in the endothelial layer, endothelial ridges, and precipitated pigmented granules, consistent with endotheliitis. After this episode, the patient had 4 reactivations, also treated with topical corticoids and oral tecovirimat 600 mg twice a day for 2 weeks. On the fourth reactivation, this treatment was extended to 4 weeks. On the last visit, the patient presented a visual acuity of 0.5 with disciform keratitis and reduced endotheliitis signs. The endothelial cell density remained normal during the follow-up (2763 ± 376 cell/mm2 at baseline and 2795 ± 238 cell/mm2 at the last visit). Polymegathism and pleomorphism showed altered values during the follow-up.

Conclusions:
Patients with an altered corneal epithelial barrier could suffer Mpox endotheliitis, like other DNA viruses, before disciform keratitis appears. IVCM is a useful tool for the early detection of endotheliitis and for describing its evolution, improving patient care.
Causality between Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zheng Qi , Li Yuetong , Ni Jiali , Huang Yong , Wu Jiajun , Xu Xiang , Sheng Guoping , Li Lanjuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The exact relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gut microbiota (GM) is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the cause-and-effect relationship between IBD and GM by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The IBD data used in this study were obtained from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). The GM data were from the Dutch Microbiome Project and included 207 taxa and 205 microbiota-associated pathways. Multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between GM and IBD. The results demonstrated that susceptibility to developing IBD is negatively correlated with class Clostridia (OR = 0.80, P = 0.003), family Sutterellacea (OR = 0.87, P = 0.014), genus Coprobacter (OR = 0.90, P = 0.009), order Clostridiales (OR = 0.80, P = 0.003), phylum Firmicutes (OR = 0.82, P = 0.002) and Coprobacter fastidiosus (OR = 0.90, P = 0.009). Conversely, the risk of developing IBD is positively correlated with the phosphopantothenate biosynthesis I pathway (OR = 1.17, P = 0.006), Bacteroides caccae (OR = 1.14, P = 0.021) and Bacteroides uniformis (OR = 1.26, P = 0.003). Reverse causality was found between the phosphopantothenate biosynthesis I pathway and IBD (OR = 1.03, P = 0.04), but not for the remaining specific GM taxa. In conclusion, our study demonstrated a causal relationship between specific GM features and IBD.
Implementation of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: McGrath Shana , Howard Mequeil , Webber Kristen , Juckett Lisa 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are seen as increasingly beneficial to patient-centered clinical practice, but implementation of routine collection and utilization into clinical care can be challenging. Our interdisciplinary quality improvement (QI) team used the Institute for Health Care Improvement Model for Improvement methodology to address this problem in our outpatient neurorehabilitation program. We used a participatory approach to identify the PROM rehabilitation stakeholders found to be most appropriate to implement in the outpatient settings; chart audits were conducted to determine the extent to which clinicians implemented the PROM and documented a PROM-related goal. Opportunistic clinician feedback was collected to determine single PROM usefulness and acceptability. Our 4-month initiative demonstrated increased collection of a PROM, the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), and incorporation into patient-centered goal. Use of QI methodology was beneficial when planning and executing our initiative. Future work is needed to examine factors to sustain PSFS use, incorporation into patient-centered goal setting, and maximize meaningful patient outcomes.