bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective inference for fMRI cluster-wise analysis, issues, and recommendations for critical vector selection: A comment on Blain et al.
Authors: Andreella Angela , Vesely Anna , Weeda Wouter , Goeman Jelle 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Two permutation-based methods for simultaneous inference on the proportion of active voxels in cluster-wise brain imaging analysis have recently been published: Notip and pARI. Both rely on the definition of a critical vector of ordered p-values, chosen from a family of candidate vectors, but differ in how the family is defined: computed from randomization of external data for Notip and determined a priori for pARI. These procedures were compared to other proposals in the literature, but an extensive comparison between the two methods is missing due to their parallel publication. We provide such a comparison and find that pARI outperforms Notip if both methods are applied under their recommended settings. However, each method carries different advantages and drawbacks.
Developmental trajectories of the default mode, frontoparietal, and salience networks from the third trimester through the newborn period
Authors: Scheinost Dustin , Chang Joseph , Brennan-Wydra Emma , Lacadie Cheryl , Constable R. Todd , Chawarska Katarzyna , Ment Laura R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The default mode (DMN), frontoparietal (FPN), and salience (SN) networks interact to support a range of behaviors, are vulnerable to environmental insults, and are disrupted in neurodevelopmental disorders. However, their development across the third trimester and perinatal transition remains unknown. Employing resting-state functional MRI at 30 to 32, 34 to 36, and 40 to 44 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), we examined developmental trajectories of the intra- and internetwork connectivity of the 3 networks measured in 84 fetuses and neonates. A secondary analysis addressed the impact of maternal mental health on these networks. The DMN, FPN, and SN intranetwork connectivity evidenced significant increases between 36 and 44 weeks PMA, with connectivity measures reaching values significantly greater than 0 at 40 weeks PMA for all 3 networks. Connectivity between SN and DMN and between SN and FPN decreased significantly with the connectivity values significantly below 0 at 36–44 weeks. However, DMN-FPN connectivity increased between 30 and 44 weeks with the connectivity greater than 0 already at 36 months. Finally, higher maternal stress levels negatively affected the SN across 30-44 weeks PMA. These data provide a normative framework to compare fetuses and neonates at risk for neurobehavioral disorders and assess the impact of the environment on the developing brain.
The relationship between interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity and left-right difference of intrahemispheric functional integration in the human brain
Authors: Jin Xinhu , Liang Xinyu , Gong Gaolang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The brain comprises left and right hemispheres, with notable distinctions in intrahemispheric functional integration observed between homotopic regions of each hemisphere. Previous studies have shown these left-right differences may be induced by interhemispheric connectivity between homotopic regions. However, no research has comprehensively investigated the relationship between lateralization of intrahemispheric functional integration and interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity in the resting state. Based on resting-state functional connectivity, we identified two brain functional organization properties named lateralization of intrahemispheric functional integration (LI) and interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity (HoFC), hypothesizing the former was modulated by the latter in healthy individuals. Results showed a widespread significant negative correlation between LI and HoFC among the whole brain, which could be affected by age and task state presenting a still negative pattern but with weaker strength, especially in heteromodal regions. Furthermore, two mediation models showed that HoFC significantly mediated the age and brain state effect on LI, suggesting age and task state might influence lateralization of intrahemispheric functional integration via interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity in adults. Lastly, these two intrinsic organization properties with different heritability together correlated with the general intelligence factor in an antagonistic manner. In summary, our findings offer important and valuable insight into functional lateralization, functional homotopy, and their relationship from the perspective of intrinsic functional architecture, together with influential factors such as age and task state. These results provide direct evidence to further understand the link between the left and right hemispheres of the human brain, along with the relation to cognitive functions.
Can the Mismatch Negativity Really Be Elicited by Abstract Linguistic Contrasts?
Authors: Politzer-Ahles Stephen , Jap Bernard A. J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential component that reflects pre-attentive change detection in the brain. As an electrophysiological index of processing that responds to differences in incoming consecutive stimuli, the MMN can be elicited through, for example, the presentation of two different categories of sounds in an oddball paradigm where sounds from the “standard” category occur frequently and sounds from the “deviant” category occur rarely. The specificity of what can elicit the MMN is yet to be fully defined. Here we test whether the MMN can be generated by an abstract linguistic contrast with no reliable acoustic cue. Previous studies have shown that the way in which an acoustic cue is used to elicit MMN is influenced by linguistic knowledge, but have not shown that a nonacoustic, abstract linguistic contrast can itself elicit MMN. In this study, we test the strongest interpretation of the claim that the MMN can be generated through a purely linguistic contrast by contrasting tenses in ablauting irregular English verbs (where there is no reliable acoustic cue for tense). We find that this contrast elicits a negativity, as do other linguistic contrasts previously shown to elicit MMN (a contrast between phonologically voiced and phonologically voiceless segments and a purely acoustic contrast between aspirated and unaspirated segments). The findings provide evidence that the MMN is indeed sensitive to purely abstract linguistic categories.
Research funding in different SCI disciplines: A comparison analysis based on Web of Science
Authors: Tian Wencan , Cai Ruonan , Fang Zhichao , Xie Qianqian , Hu Zhigang , Wang Xianwen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To provide valuable insights for shaping future funding policies, in this study, we offer a comprehensive panorama of the research funding across 171 SCI disciplines in the decade 2011–2020, based on more than 13 million scientific literature records from the Web of Science. The relationship between funding and research impact is also explored. To this end, we employ two indicators: the universality and multiplicity of funding, to indicate the funding level and six indicators to gauge the impact advantages of funding. Our findings reveal an upward trend in both the universality (increasing from 66.30% to 74.26%) and multiplicity (increasing from 2.82 to 3.26) of funding over the decade concerned. The allocation of funding varies across disciplines, with life sciences and earth sciences receiving the highest percentage of funding (78.31%) and medicine having the highest multiplicity of funding (3.07). Engineering and computer science have seen relatively rapid growth in terms of universality and multiplicity of funding. Funded articles have a greater impact than unfunded ones. And this impact strengthens as the number of funding grants increases. Through regression analysis, the citation advantage of funding is also proven at the article level, although the usage advantage is not significant.
Physics-Based vs Data-Driven 24-Hour Probabilistic Forecasts of Precipitation for Northern Tropical Africa
Authors: Walz Eva-Maria , Knippertz Peter , Fink Andreas H. , Köhler Gregor , Gneiting Tilmann 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models struggle to skillfully predict tropical precipitation occurrence and amount, calling for alternative approaches. For instance, it has been shown that fairly simple, purely data-driven logistic regression models for 24-h precipitation occurrence outperform both climatological and NWP forecasts for the West African summer monsoon. More complex neural network–based approaches, however, remain underdeveloped due to the non-Gaussian character of precipitation. In this study, we develop, apply, and evaluate a novel two-stage approach, where we train a U-Net convolutional neural network (CNN) model on gridded rainfall data to obtain a deterministic forecast and then apply the recently developed, nonparametric Easy Uncertainty Quantification (EasyUQ) approach to convert it into a probabilistic forecast. We evaluate CNN+EasyUQ for 1-day-ahead 24-h accumulated precipitation forecasts over northern tropical Africa for 2011–19, with the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) data serving as ground truth. In the most comprehensive assessment to date, we compare CNN+EasyUQ to state-of-the-art physics-based and data-driven approaches such as monthly probabilistic climatology, raw and postprocessed ensemble forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and traditional statistical approaches that use up to 25 predictor variables from IMERG and the ERA5 reanalysis. Generally, statistical approaches perform about on par with postprocessed ECMWF ensemble forecasts. The CNN+EasyUQ approach, however, clearly outperforms all competitors in terms of both occurrence and amount. Hybrid methods that merge CNN+EasyUQ and physics-based forecasts show slight further improvement. Thus, the CNN+EasyUQ approach can likely improve operational probabilistic forecasts of rainfall in the tropics and potentially even beyond.

Significance Statement
Precipitation forecasts in the tropics remain a great challenge despite their enormous potential to create socioeconomic benefits in sectors such as food and energy production. Here, we develop a purely data-driven, machine learning–based prediction model that outperforms traditional, physics-based approaches to 1-day-ahead forecasts of rainfall occurrence and rainfall amount over northern tropical Africa in terms of both forecast skill and computational costs. A combined data-driven and physics-based (hybrid) approach yields further (slight) improvement in terms of forecast skill. These results suggest new avenues to more accurate and more resource-efficient operational precipitation forecasts in the Global South.
Modified Sistrunk Procedure in 391 Pediatric Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Cases: Clinical Analysis of Efficacy and Recurrence Risk
Authors: Li Xiaodan , Zhang Ge , Li Yanzhen , Zhang Xuexi , Liu Qiaoyin , Sun Nian , Liu Zhiyong , Hao Jinsheng , Chen Ziwei , Liu Yuwei , Zhang Jie , Wang Shengcai , Ni Xin 
Published: June 2024

Objectives: The study aims to retrospectively summarize the clinical features of pediatric thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC), investigate the efficacy of the modified Sistrunk (mSis) procedure, and analyze the recurrence risks. Methods: The clinical data of 391 children with TGDC admitted to Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated Capital Medical University and Baoding Children’s Hospital from March 2012 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent cervical ultrasound for preoperative evaluation. Twenty cases had magnetic resonance imaging and 8 cases had computed tomography for further evaluation. All patients underwent the standard mSis procedure, and clinical manifestations information, surgical information, complications, and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Among the 391 TGDC cases, 118 (30.2%) had a history of recurrent neck infection and 36 (9.2%) had undergone previous neck cyst and fistula resection surgeries, initially diagnosed as neck cyst (22 cases), TGDC (12 cases), or branchial fistula (2 cases), with only 6 cases having undergone partial hyoid bone resection in the previous operation. During the 15 to 156 months of follow-up, 10 children experienced local wound infection, but no other complications were reported. The recurrence rate was 2.30%, and the recurrence time ranged from 0.5 to 34 (average, 7.2) months post surgery. In the Poisson regression model examining factors related to recurrence, the P values of the 3 factors were <.05: clearness of the lesion boundary, surgical history, and maximum diameter and the relative risk (RR) values corresponding to the 3 risk factors, such as Exp (B), were 27.918, 10.054, and 6.606, respectively. Conclusions: The mSis procedure demonstrated safety and efficacy with fewer complications and a low recurrence rate of 2.30% in the study. Furthermore, the indistinct lesion boundary, surgical history, and large lesion diameter (>2 cm) were independent risk factors for recurrence in pediatric TGDC. Level of Evidence: IV
Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is associated with prefrontal–striatal functional hypoconnectivity and striatal dopaminergic abnormalities
Authors: Yang Kai-Chun , Yang Bang-Hung , Liu Mu-N , Liou Ying-Jay , Chou Yuan-Hwa 
Published: June 2024

Background: A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is imperative, as it causes poor functional outcomes and a lack of effective treatments. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the relationships of two proposed main pathophysiology of schizophrenia, altered prefrontal–striatal connectivity and the dopamine system, with cognitive impairment and their interactions. Methods: Thirty-three patients with schizophrenia and 27 healthy controls (HCs) who are right-handed and matched for age and sex were recruited. We evaluated their cognition, functional connectivity (FC) between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)/middle frontal gyrus (MiFG) and striatum, and the availability of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) using a cognitive battery investigating attention, memory, and executive function, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging with group independent component analysis and single-photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc-TRODAT. Results: Patients with schizophrenia exhibited poorer cognitive performance, reduced FC between DLPFC/MiFG and the caudate nucleus (CN) or putamen, decreased DAT availability in the left CN, and decreased right–left DAT asymmetry in the CN compared to HCs. In patients with schizophrenia, altered imaging markers are associated with cognitive impairments, especially the relationship between DLPFC/MiFG–putamen FC and attention and between DAT asymmetry in the CN and executive function. Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate how prefrontal–striatal hypoconnectivity and altered striatal DAT markers are associated with different domains of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. More research is needed to evaluate their complex relationships and potential therapeutic implications.
Clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound versus conventional ultrasound in biopsy of focal liver lesions
Authors: Lou Cheng , Li Yin-Xia , Tan Bi-bo , Tao Chen-Jie , Xu Cheng-chuan , Liao Ying-ying 
Published: June 2024

Background Focal liver lesions (FLLs) are a common form of liver disease, and identifying accurate pathological types is required to guide treatment and evaluate prognosis. Purpose To compare and analyze the application effect of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and conventional ultrasound (US) in the clinical diagnosis of focal liver lesions. Material and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 682 patients with space-occupying liver lesions admitted to our hospital between December 2015 and August 2021. Of these, 280 underwent CEUS-guided biopsies and 402 underwent conventional US biopsies, with the results of each biopsy subsequently compared between the two groups. The success rate and accuracy of the biopsies and their relationship with different pathological features were also analyzed. Results The success rate, sensitivity, diagnostic accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the CEUS group were significantly higher than those of the US group ( P < 0.05). Lesion size accuracy in the CEUS group was significantly higher than that in the US group (89.29% vs. 40.55%; P < 0.05). Lesion type accuracy in the CEUS group was significantly higher than that in the US group (86.49% vs. 43.59%), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis indicated that malignant lesions, lesions ≥5 cm, and lesions ≤1 cm were independent factors affecting the success rate of the puncture procedure ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of lesion size and type in the CEUS group were higher than those in the US group.
Accuracy of 3D Printing in Orthodontics: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Rajagopalan Anjana , Verma Sanjeev , Kumar Vinay , Verma Raj Kumar , Singh Satinder Pal 
Published: June 2024

Objective To assess and compare the accuracy of 3D-printed digital models, orthognathic surgical splints, retainers or aligners, and implant surgical guides printed using various 3D printing technologies. Methods The search comprised prospective and retrospective studies related to the accuracy of 3D-printed models, splints, implant surgical guides, and retainers/aligners in patients undergoing orthodontic and orthognathic surgical procedures. The outcomes were assessed in terms of linear measurements, degree of fit, and positional deviations in comparison to conventional plaster models and surgical acrylic splints. The methodologic quality of the articles and the level of evidence were assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. A meta-analysis was performed to compare the accuracy of models printed by different technologies to plaster models using the random-effects model. Results Twenty-one retrospective studies were included. Quality assessment of all included articles showed moderate risk of bias and no article was excluded. The systematic review showed that there were no significant differences between printed surgical splints, retainers/aligners compared, and the control group. Meta-analysis of six eligible studies showed that printed models had a general trend toward overestimation of linear measurements (mean difference = 0.22 mm; 95% confidence interval = – 0.09 to 0.36 mm, I2 = 85%). Measurements made on digital light processing-printed models were significantly different than those made on plaster models. Conclusion The mean difference of 0.22 mm in linear measurements made on 3D-printed models and plaster models was clinically acceptable. Among the various printing technologies, PolyJet and fused deposition modeling-printed models showed higher accuracy. The printed splints and retainers/aligners were as accurate and reliable as their respective gold standards. The findings should be interpreted with caution due to high level of heterogeneity. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42020175511
Elevated Lipid Metabolites in Stored Clinical OCA Media Correlate With Chondrocyte Death
Authors: Tabbaa Suzanne M. , Guilak Farshid , Lemmerman Luke R. , Glembotski Nicholas , D’Lima Darryl D. , Wang Tong , Bugbee William D. 
Published: June 2024

Background: A major limitation of osteochondral allografts (OCA) is the deterioration of cartilage health associated with cell death during prolonged storage. However, little is known about the mechanisms that contribute to chondrocyte death during storage. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study aimed to determine whether bioactive lipid metabolites accumulate in the storage media of OCA and whether they are associated with a loss of chondrocyte viability during prolonged storage. It was hypothesized that free fatty acids (FFAs) would accumulate over time in the storage media of OCA and adversely affect cartilage health during storage. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A group of 21 (n = 6-8 OCA/treatment group) fresh human hemicondylar OCA tissues and media were analyzed after 7, 28, and 68 days of prolonged cold (4°C) storage. Targeted mass spectrometry analysis was used to quantify bioactive FFAs, as well as primary (lipid hydroperoxide [ROOH]) and secondary (malondialdehyde) lipid oxidation products. Chondrocyte viability was measured using a fluorescence-based live/dead assay and confocal microscopy. Results: The concentration of all targeted fatty acid metabolites in storage media was significantly increased with increased cold storage time ( P < .05). ROOH was significantly higher on day 28 of cold storage. No difference in secondary ROOH products in storage media was observed. Chondrocyte viability significantly declined in both the en face and the vertical cross-sectional analysis with increased cold storage time and inversely correlated with fatty acid metabolites ( P < .05). Conclusion: It is well established that elevated levels of certain FFAs and lipid oxidation products can alter cell function and cause cell death via lipotoxicity and other mechanisms. This work is the first to identify elevated levels of FFA metabolites and primary oxidation lipid products in the storage media from clinical OCA. The concentrations of FFA metabolites were measured at levels (>100 µM) known to induce cell death and were directly correlated with chondrocyte viability. Clinical Relevance: These findings provide important targets for understanding why cartilage health declines during cold storage, which can be used to optimize media formulations and improve graft health.