bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Stability of Adrenaline in Injections: A Comparison of Chemical and Bioassay Methods
Authors: Backe-Hansen K , Aarnes E Drottning , Venneröd A M , Jensen K Briseid 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The stability of adrenaline in some injections has been investigated by chemical assays based on determinations of adrenochrome and of adrenolutine, while the rat blood pressure method and the rat uterus inhibition method served as biological control procedures. The colorimetric method, in which adrenaline is oxidised to adrenochrome by means of potassium ferricyanide in acid solution, proved unable to detect any deterioration of adrenaline in procaine and adrenaline injections. The corresponding fluorimetric method, in which the adrenochrome formed is rearranged to adrenolutine by addition of strong alkali, gave results which agreed well with the biological results. In injections, adjusted to pH 3 with hydrochloric acid, adrenaline was stable for at least 20 months at 4° in solutions heated at 120° for 20 min., at 100° for 20 min. or unheated. Replacement of the hydrochloric acid by sodium metabisulphite (pH 3·6) prevented the discoloration. In injections of procaine and adrenaline, adjusted to pH 3 with hydrochloric acid, the adrenaline content decreased over the 20 month period, and was most pronounced in the solutions that had been heated before storage. Sodium metabisulphite significantly increased the stability of adrenaline in these injections and also prevented any colour formation.
The Isolation of Hordenine and Norsecurinine from Securinega Virosa (Baill.). The structure of Norsecurinine
Authors: Iketubosin G O , Mathieson D W 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
From the ground roots of Securinega virosa, hordenine and a new alkaloid (norsecurinine) have been isolated. The structure of the latter alkaloid has been elucidated.
An Active Glycoside from Albizia Species and its Action on Isolated Uterus and Ileum
Authors: Lipton A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An active oxytocic principle was extracted from Albizia gummifera (Lipton, 1959) by continuous percolation of the dry bark with methanol. Further purification was by dialysis, fractional extraction and precipitation with organic solvents, and by chromatography on alumina. The concentration of activity achieved was 200 times that of the dried bark, measured in vitro on strips of uterus. The active principle is a saponin, giving on hydrolysis an unsaturated triterpene acid (probably C30H48O5), and four sugars, glucose, rhamnose, xylose and arabinose. The principle has a powerful action on isolated uterine tissues from different species, resistant to atropine, antihistamines and brief boiling in aqueous or alcoholic solution, but it fails to excite guinea-pig ileum even in high concentrations. The material, for which the name ‘albitocin’ is proposed, is thought to be potentially valuable in the study of smooth muscle, particularly uterine muscle. The use of these plants by African native doctors, and their possible implication in the high incidence of uterine rupture in Uganda is discussed.
Refractometric Determination of the Critical Micelle Concentration of Non-Ionic Surface-Active Agents
Authors: Donbrow M , Jan Z A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) values of some non-ionic surfactants have been determined by refraction and are compared with the results reported earlier by other methods. The slope values have been calculated below and above the CMC and an equation developed to predict the slope below the CMC for any member of the homologous series. The values appear to conform with those expected theoretically from atomic refraction data.
Some cyclic hydroxamic acids
Authors: Coutts R T , Noble D , Wibberley D G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The preparation of certain quinolines, quinazolines, quinoxalines, benzoxazines and benzothiazines containing the cyclic hydroxamic grouping is described. In vitro antibacterial activities showed that no compound had a broader spectrum of activity than the known 1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-oxoquinoline.
Analysis of August rat liver for calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, potassium, sodium and zinc
Authors: Everett J L , Day C L , Bergel F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The concentrations of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, K, Na and Zn in “August” pure line rat livers has been determined by emission spectroscopy, polarography and flame photometry. Differences were shown to exist between normal, regenerating and neoplastic livers, especially in their calcium, iron and manganese contents.
The antibacterial activity of a complex of iodine and a non-ionic surface-active agent
Authors: Hugo W B , Newton J M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The antibacterial activity of a complex of iodine and cetomacrogol against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus has been compared with a system prepared by diluting an iodine solution in ethanol and potassium iodide. Known numbers of bacteria were mixed with known concentrations of iodine and viable counts were made at intervals thereafter. The activity of both preparations was the same at equal iodine concentrations. Killing, when it occurred, was rapid, the relation between the iodine concentration and the dry weight of the bacterial suspension apparently being the controlling feature. The presence of serum reduced the activity, the reduction being greater for Staph. aureus than for E. coli. Temperatures from 20–37° had no effect whilst reducing the pH to 4, or below, caused a marked increase in the activity.
Note on the detection of hexoestrol, stilboestrol, dienoestrol and the p-hydroxy metabolites of phenobarbitone and phenytoin in urine
Authors: Tompsett S L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A procedure for the identification of the synthetic oestrogens, p-hydroxypheno-barbitone and 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl) 5-phenylhydantoin in urine by use of two dimensional paper chromatography is described.
Identifying the names and dosage of drugs
Authors: Poulton E C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Printing the different doses of a drug (morphine sulphate) larger or in different colours on labels was found to increase the rate at which they could be discriminated from each other by students. Rate of discrimination was measured by the mean time taken both to sort packs of labels, and to search among a matrix of labels. Printing the different doses of an antibiotic preparation (Pro-stabillin-A.S.) in large numerals of different colour made them as quick to discriminate from each other as were different coloured labels. It is believed that changes of this kind in printing could ease the job of finding the required medical preparation, and might reduce the number of instances in which the wrong preparation is given in error.
The stability, staining and corrosive properties of an iodine-non-ionic surface-active agent complex
Authors: Hugo W B , Newton J M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The stability of concentrated and dilute solutions of an iodine-cetomacrogol complex and the staining of fabrics and the corrosion of metals it produced, have been compared at the same available iodine concentration, with a system based on weak iodine solution B.P. The available iodine content of the complex decreased on storage, but this loss was associated with the production of an equivalent amount of hydrogen iodide, such that the total iodine content of the system remained constant. The reaction was accelerated by an increase in temperature, but was neither a photochemical nor an oxidative decomposition. The complex was not subject to the large losses of solvent which occurred with the potassium iodide-ethanol system, and in dilute solution was generally more stable; both systems being more stable in acid conditions. Dilute solutions of electrolytes, as found in hard waters, had little effect on the stability of either type of dilute solution except where they caused the pH to rise, but potassium salts produced a characteristic precipitation of the complex, which resulted in a loss of available iodine. The technique of testing the permanency of staining indicated that the complex often produced the less permanent stain, but it was not completely devoid of staining properties. The complex was less corrosive towards certain metals when tested by a static total immersion test, but when the attack was severe as with aluminium and copper, there was little difference between the two iodine systems in their corrosive action.
Note on a micromethod for the estimation of ascaridole
Authors: Wahba S K , Youssef N Z , Amin S W , Girges K N 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A micro stoichiometric method for the determination of ascaridole in a pure state and in oil of chenopodium is described. The determination is made either by direct or indirect titration of stannous chloride solution. A blank standardisation for the stannous chloride solution should be carried out consecutively.
The action of sympathomimetic amines on circular and longitudinal smooth muscle from the isolated oesophagus of the guinea-pig
Authors: Bailey Diana M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The responses to sympathomimetic amines of circular and longitudinal preparations of smooth muscle from the isolated oesophagus of the guinea-pig have been investigated. Evidence is provided for the existence of α-excitatory and β-inhibitory adrenergic receptors in both circular and longitudinal smooth muscle preparations.
Pharmacological properties of isoidide dinitrate
Authors: Halliday J E , Clark S C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Isoidide dinitrate is a more active vasodepressor agent in anaesthetised animals than either of its geometric isomers, isosorbide dinitrate and isomannide dinitrate. Isoidide dinitrate also has the greatest vasodilator action of the three isomers on the vascular system of the dog hind leg and is a more potent hypotensive agent than isosorbide dinitrate in hypertensive rats. The greater activity of isoidide dinitrate may be attributable to its higher oil: water partition coefficient or enhanced drug-receptor interaction resulting from the spatial positions of the nitrate groups or both factors. No evidence was found for involvement of adrenergic receptors in responses of vascular or intestinal smooth muscle to isoidide dinitrate.
Absolute configuration and parasympathetic action: Pharmacodynamics of enantiomorphic and diastereoisomeric esters of β-methylcholine
Authors: Ellenbroek B W J , Nivard R J F , Van Rossum J M , Ariéns E J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The parasympathomimetic and atropine-like actions of enantiomorphic esters of β-methylcholine and various esters of choline or β-methylcholine containing an asymmetric centre in the acid moiety have been studied. The potent parasympathomimetic drugs have a configuration identical with that of muscarine, suggesting a close affinity with the receptor. There is a gradual change from agonist to antagonist with increasing molecular size of the acid moiety, antagonism beginning with the butyric ester. Optimal affinity as a mimetic in the lower homologues is obtained with the acetic ester. Maximum affinity as an antagonist is obtained with the ester of the bulky hexahydrobenzilic acid. The configuration of the choline part is irrelevant for high atropine-like potency in the compounds derived from β-methylcholine. Clear differences in affinity are found, however, between stereoisomers of potent antagonists containing an asymmetric centre in the acid moiety, provided the asymmetric carbon atom does not bear isosteric groups. It is concluded that the atropine-like agents, although being competitive antagonists of the parasympathomimetics at best cover the agonistic receptor area only partially.
Interaction between imipramine-like agents and catecholamine-induced hyperthermia
Authors: Jori A , Garattini S 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Imipramine-like drugs potentiate the hyperthermic response obtained by infusion of noradrenaline, adrenaline and isoprenaline. In addition to this effect, desipramine increases the hyperthermic response induced by L-dopa (in monoamine oxidase blocked rats), reserpine (immediately after intravenous injection) and dexamphetamine. On the contrary, other types of hyperthermia, such as the one induced by phenethylamine in monoamine oxidase treated rats, and that by yeast, were not increased by desipramine. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs.
The viability of spores of some Bacillus species
Authors: Richardson G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The percentage of spores of Bacillus subtilis capable of giving rise to macro-colonies (“viability”) has been determined. Under optimum conditions (heat-activation and inclusion of dextrose in the counting medium) about 30% of spores formed colonies. This figure appeared to increase to about 70% on prolonged cold storage (0–10°). The viability of spores decreased with increase in the manganese content of the sporulation medium. Spores of four other species of Bacillus examined were not heat-activatable and were unaffected by the dextrose content of the counting medium. They showed viabilities of 40–75%.
The effects of growth conditions on the yield and quality of essential oil of Mentha piperita
Authors: O’Connor Christopher 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The results of a factorial experiment designed to study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, alone and in combination, on the yield of green herb, and on the yield and composition of the essential oil of Mentha piperita are reported. The experiment was made on reclaimed peatbog in Ireland. The main conclusion is that there is a significant increase in the yield of essential oil when nitrogen is added in high concentration. This also results in a decrease in the menthol content of the oil. Superphosphate also reduces the percentage menthol content of the oil. Mixtures of all three fertilisers reduce the percentage oil yield.
Comparative assays of some nitrofurans in urine
Authors: Jones B M , Ratcliffe R J M , Stevens S G E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Polarographic and microbiological methods for the determination of nitrofurantoin and of N-(5-nitro-2-furfurylideneamino)-2-imidazoline-one (NF 246) in urine are described. In these the limit of detection is 1 μg/ml by the polarographic and 5 μg/ml by a cup plate microbiological technique. No preliminary separation of the drugs is required. The polarographic method is to be preferred, since it is a more sensitive assay and results can be obtained within an hour of receiving the sample.
The analysis of methisazone
Authors: Deavin J C , Mitchell D H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of methisazone (1-methylindoline-2,3-dione 3-thiosemicarbazone) are described. Iodimetric titration is suggested as being the most convenient method of assay. Each molecule of methisazone reacts with eight atoms of iodine and the mechanism of this reaction is discussed. Methisazone was examined for impurities by thin-layer chromatography and details are given of the technique employed. Reference is made to the change in light absorption of methisazone solutions when exposed to light.
Adjuvant effect of aluminium monostearate paraffin gels on antitoxin response
Authors: Coles C L J , Heath Kathleen R , Hilton Marjorie L , Lees K A , Muggleton P W , Walton C A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Clostridium welchii Type D toxoid has been dispersed in aluminium monostearate-hydrocarbon gels. When these are injected subcutaneously in laboratory animals the antitoxin response is influenced by the method of preparation of the gels. The level and duration of the antitoxin titre in the blood is related directly to the viscosity of the vaccine preparations. Six months after injection, the residual antitoxin titre produced by the most successful treatments was still as good as the peak titre obtained from simple aluminium hydroxide adsorbed vaccine.
A new method for the determination of emulsion stability by dielectric constant measurement: a preliminary report
Authors: Kaye R C , Seager H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The creaming of emulsions of liquid paraffin in water stabilised by cetomacrogol 1000 has been studied in a specially designed capacitance cell. Before visual separation of the emulsion is detectable, changes in emulsion composition in the upper part of the cell result in a measurable decrease of dielectric constant. Differences in the creaming rates of a number of emulsions are easily detected and the rate of change of dielectric constant with time is dependent on globule size.
Interaction of aluminium with bacteria isolated from wounds
Authors: Bradley T J , Fish F , Parker M S 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effect of aluminium as metal foil and as a weak solution of potassium aluminium sulphate on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris, has been examined over a range of pH values. Aluminium foil, and an aluminium metal film deposited by evaporation on a bonded cellulose fabric, failed to inhibit the growth of the organisms on agar plates. In contact with saline metal foil yielded trace amounts of aluminium in solution but no detectable amounts of aluminium were found in human serum which had been in prolonged contact with aluminium metal. Staph, aureus and Ps. aeruginosa were adsorbed from aqueous suspension by aluminium surfaces. Below pH 5 the growth of these organisms was inhibited by low concentrations of aluminium in aqueous solution. Preliminary measurements of the uptake of aluminium by these sensitive organisms have been made.
The seed haemagglutinins of some Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivars
Authors: Toms G C , Turner T D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The haemagglutinating properties of Phaseolus vulgaris L. vars Canadian Wonder, Masterpiece, Mont D’or, Navy Pea and Red Kidney seed extracts against erythrocytes of the A1A2BO and D(Rho) human blood groups have been investigated. Under some conditions, Navy Pea extract reacted preferentially with erythrocytes possessing the A1 and B antigens, but the remaining extracts showed no blood group selectivity. The agglutination reactions are discussed, and it is suggested that Navy Pea seed contains a non-specific agglutinin and an anti-A1 + B agglutinin.
The temperature coefficient of some bactericides in oil: water dispersions
Authors: Bean H S , Heman-Ackah S M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The temperature coefficient of a bactericide in oil: water dispersion changes with the nature of the oil and the phase: volume ratio. The variations in the temperature coefficient are due to temperature effects on the availability of the bactericide in the aqueous phase, and at the oil: water interface of the dispersions. Failures in the preservation of oil:water formulated products encountered during storage in different climates may be due to such underlying phenomena which are not considered in the initial stages of formulation.
The effect of benzoic acid, phenol and hydroxybenzoates on the oxygen uptake and growth of some lipolytic fungi
Authors: RIVERS STELLA M , WALTERS V 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Oxygen uptake by lipolytic fungi on arachis oil is in the order Aspergillus flavus (brown) &gt; A. niger &gt; Rhizopus arrhizus &gt; Rh. cohnii &gt; A. flavus (green). Respiration is stimulated by low concentrations of benzoic acid, hydroxybenzoates and phenol, but with higher concentrations it is inhibited. Concentrations which give relatively low oxygen uptake are also fungistatic. The factors governing partitioning in oil-water systems are used to calculate the inhibitory concentration of benzoic acid in the aqueous phase.
The in vivo metabolism of isomeric methoxyoxindoles
Authors: BECKETT A H , MORTON D M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Isomeric methoxyoxindoles are metabolised by rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits to phenolic metabolites by O-demethylation and hydroxylation. This has been shown by comparison of the physical characteristics of the metabolites with those of standard synthetic hydroxyoxindoles. Negligible O-demethylation of methoxyoxindoles occurs with rat or guinea-pig liver microsome preparations, when compared with those of rabbit, but significant O-demethylation occurs with rat liver slices.
Solubilisation of preservatives: interaction of benzoic acid with short-chain glycol ethers in water and in aqueous polysorbate 80 solution
Authors: DONBROW M , JACOBS JOHN 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Using a potentiometric titration technique, ethylene glycol mono-ethers (Me, Et, n-Bu, Ph) and diglycol mono-ethers (Me, Et) have been shown to cause elevation of pH in benzoic acid-sodium benzoate solutions. The butyl glycol ether is shown to form micelles; critical micelle concentration values are given and the “loss” of benzoic acid from aqueous solution is considered. In mixtures with polysorbate 80, the glycol ethers increase the uptake of benzoic acid by the micelles.
Rheological investigation of a thixotropic lotion
Authors: WOODMAN M , MARSDEN ANN 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Various methods of characterising the thixotropic properties of an oil in water lotion are described. Stress relaxation behaviour, which can be expressed over a range of shear rates by a single empirical equation, is shown to be more informative than the measurement of hysteresis loops. Relaxation rate depends upon previous shear treatment which suggests that more than one process occurs during breakdown.
Replenishment by 5-hydroxytryptophan of the amine stores in the central 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons after depletion induced by reserpine or by an inhibitor of monoamine synthesis
Authors: CORRODI H , HÖKFELT K FUXE T 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A combined biochemical and histochemical analysis of central 5-hydroxytryptamine distribution has produced further evidence to support the theory that 5-hydroxytryptophan is specifically taken up and decarboxylated in 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons of rat brain. After treatment with an inhibitor of monoamine synthesis, α-propyldopacetamide, but not after treatment with reserpine, the intraneuronal 5-hydroxytryptamine stores could be replenished by injected 5-hydroxytryptophan. This appears to indicate that the uptake-storage mechanism of amines in the 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons is intact after α-propyldopacetamide. Pretreatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, nialamide, allowed repletion of the intraneuronal 5-hydroxytryptamine stores by 5-hydroxytryptophan even after treatment with reserpine. This further stresses the importance of monoamine oxidase in regulating the amine levels of the 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons.
Mechanism of the vasoconstrictor action of isoprenaline on an isolated artery preparation
Authors: GAY W S , RAND M J , WILSON J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
It was not possible to demonstrate a vasodilator action of isoprenaline using the isolated artery segment from the rabbit ear. However, in high doses isoprenaline produced vasoconstriction. This vasoconstrictor response was blocked by α-receptor antagonists but not by β-receptor antagonists, except in high, non-specific doses. The response was not reduced by pretreatment of the rabbits with reserpine or by cocaine. The vasoconstriction produced by isoprenaline in this preparation therefore appears to be due to a direct action on the α-adrenotropic receptors.
The role of the adrenal glands and of α- and β-adrenergic receptors in bronchodilatation of guinea-pig lungs in vivo
Authors: JAMES G W LYNN 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Adrenaline, aminophylline, isoprenaline, noradrenaline, papaverine and phenylephrine exerted non-specific bronchodilator effects in guinea-pig lungs in vivo. The descending order of bronchodilator potency was isoprenaline &gt; adrenaline &gt; noradrenaline &gt; phenylephrine. These agents also exerted a bronchoconstrictor effect, the descending order of bronchoconstrictor potency being phenylephrine &gt; noradrenaline &gt; adrenaline &gt; isoprenaline. Bronchodilator activity could be antagonized by either α- or β–adrenergic receptor antagonists. The bronchodilator action of aminophylline, papaverine, phenylephrine and noradrenaline was partly mediated via the adrenal gland.