bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of processing conditions on the structural morphology and physical properties of ZnO and CdS thin films produced via sol–gel synthesis and chemical bath deposition techniques
Authors: Salam Shahzad , Islam Mohammad , Alam Mahboob , Akram Aftab , Ikram Mujtaba , Mahmood Asif , Khan Majid , Mujahid Mohammad 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are used in thin film solar cells as buffer layer and transparent conducting oxide, respectively. The effect of annealing conditions on the morphology and physical properties of CdS and ZnO films prepared using chemical bath deposition and sol–gel synthesis techniques, respectively, was investigated. CdS films obtained from the chemical bath deposition (CBD) process were found to be polycrystalline with dense granular morphology. Electrical characterization of the films annealed at 400 °C for 10 min yielded values of 2.2×10−3 Ω cm and 8.3×1012
cm
−3 for resistivity and carrier concentration, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of intrinsic zinc oxide (i-ZnO) films revealed flake-like morphology and transformation of the as-deposited amorphous structure into a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure upon annealing at 500 °C for 2 h. Optical and electrical characterization results showed that such films had ∼80% transmittance and resistivity values as low as 6.4×102 Ω cm. These films are being explored for fabrication and testing of copper-indium-gallium-(di)selenide (CIGS) thin film solar cells obtained from simple, cost-effective, solution-based synthesis routes.
Molecular phylogeny of the plant bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) and the evolution of feeding habits
Authors: Jung Sunghoon , Lee Seunghwan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe first comprehensive cladistic analysis of Miridae, the plant bugs, is presented based on analysis of 3935 base pairs of mitochondrial (16S, COI) and nuclear (18S, 28SD3) DNA for 91 taxa in seven subfamilies. Data were analysed using maximum likelihood (ML), parsimony and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic frameworks. The phylogenetic results are compared with previous hypotheses of higher relationships in the family using alternative hypothesis tests. A Bayesian relaxed molecular clock is used to examine divergence times, and ancestral feeding habits are reconstructed using parsimony and a Bayesian approach. Clades recovered in all analyses are as follows: Cimicomorpha, Miroidea and Miridae; Bryocorinae: Bryocorini; Stenodemini; Mirinae; Deraeocorinae (Clevinemini + Deraeocorini); Cylapinae; Isometopinae; Bryocorinae: Dicyphini; Orthotylini; Phylinae (Phylini + Pilophorini), and Phylinae as sister group to all the remaining mirid taxa. These results are largely congruent with former hypotheses based on morphological data with respect to the monophyly of various subfamilies and tribes; however, our results indicate that the subfamily Bryocorinae is not monophyletic, as the two tribes, Dicypini and Bryocorini, were separated in the phylogenetic results. Divergence time estimates indicate that the radiation of the Miridae began in the Permian; most genus‐level radiations within subfamilies began in the late Cretaceous, probably in response to the angiosperm radiation. Ancestral feeding state reconstructions based on Bayesian and parsimony inference were largely congruent and both reconstructed phytophagy as the ancestral state of the Miridae. Furthermore, the feeding habits of the common ancestors of Mirinae + Deraeocorinae, Bryocorinae + Cylapinae + Isometopinae + Orthotylinae, and the remaining taxa excluding Phylinae, were inferred as phytophagous. Therefore, at least three shifts from phytophagy or polyphagy to predation occurred within the Miridae. Additionally, based on the mirid host‐plant records, we discovered several trends, such as a strong relationship between host‐plant ranges and a facultative feeding habit.© The Willi Hennig Society 2011.
Novel epitope evoking CD138 antigen‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes targeting multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders
Authors: Bae Jooeun , Tai Yu‐Tzu , Anderson Kenneth C. , Munshi Nikhil C. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe development of an immunotherapeutic strategy targeting CD138 antigen could potentially represent a new treatment option for multiple myeloma (MM). This study evaluated the immune function of CD138 peptide‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), generated ex vivo using an HLA‐A2‐specific CD138 epitope against MM cells. A novel immunogenic HLA‐A2‐specific CD138260–268 (GLVGLIFAV) peptide was identified from the full‐length protein sequence of the CD138 antigen, which induced CTL specific to primary CD138+ MM cells. The peptide‐induced CD138‐CTL contained a high percentage of CD8+ activated/memory T cells with a low percentage of CD4+ T cell and naive CD8+ T cell subsets. The CTL displayed HLA‐A2‐restricted and CD138 antigen‐specific cytotoxicity against MM cell lines. In addition, CD138‐CTL demonstrated increased degranulation, proliferation and γ‐interferon secretion to HLA‐A2+/CD138+ myeloma cells, but not HLA‐A2−/CD138+ or HLA‐A2+/CD138− cells. The immune functional properties of the CD138‐CTL were also demonstrated using primary HLA‐A2+/CD138+ cells isolated from myeloma patients. In conclusion, a novel immunogenic CD138260–268 (GLVGLIFAV) peptide can induce antigen‐specific CTL, which might be useful for the treatment of MM patients with peptide‐based vaccine or cellular immunotherapy strategies.
Results of a randomized trial in children with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: Medical Research Council AML12 trial
Authors: Gibson Brenda E. S. , Webb David K. H. , Howman Andrew J. , De Graaf Siebold S. N. , Harrison Christine J. , Wheatley Keith ,   for the United Kingdom Childhood Leukaemia Working Group and the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe Medical Research Council Acute Myeloid Leukaemia 12 (MRC AML12) trial (children) addressed the optimal anthracenedione/anthracycline in induction and the optimal number of courses of consolidation chemotherapy. 504 children (<16 years) with AML were randomized between mitoxantrone/cytarabine/etoposide or daunorubicin/cytarabine/etoposide as induction chemotherapy and 270 entered a second randomization between a total of four or five courses of treatment. Ten‐year event‐free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was 54% and 63% respectively; the relapse rate was 35%. There was no difference in complete remission rate between the induction regimens, but there was a benefit for mitoxantrone with regard to relapse rate [32% vs. 39%; Hazard ratio (HR) 0·73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·54, 1·00] and disease‐free survival (DFS; 63% vs. 55%; HR 0·72; 95% CI 0·54, 0·96). However, this did not translate into a better EFS or OS (HR 0·84; 95% CI 0·63, 1·12). Results of the second randomization did not show a survival benefit for a fifth course of treatment (HR 1·01; 95% CI 0·63, 1·62), suggesting a ceiling of benefit for conventional chemotherapy and demonstrating the need for new agents. EFS was superior compared to the preceding trial AML10, partly due to fewer deaths in remission, highlighting the importance of supportive care.
Could exhaled ferritin and SOD be used as markers for lung cancer and prognosis prediction purposes?
Authors: Carpagnano Giovanna E. , Lacedonia Donato , Palladino Grazia P. , Koutelou Anna , Martinelli Domenico , Orlando Silvio , Foschino‐Barbaro Maria P. 
Published: September 2011

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (5): 478–486AbstractBackground  Today an increasing interest is being generated by the study of lung cancer markers in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC), precisely because this sample seems to lend itself to lung cancer early screening and follow‐up. Indeed, ferritin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) have recently been recognized to play a role in lung cancerogenesis and patients’ survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value and the prognostic power of exhaled ferritin and exhaled SOD in patients with lung cancer.Material and methods  Forty patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 15 controls were enrolled in the study. All subjects under study underwent EBC collection and analysis of ferritin and SOD. A total of 36 patients were either given a follow‐up of at least 25·5 months or followed up until death.Results  Exhaled ferritin and SOD resulted as being higher in NSCLC than in controls and as being influenced by the stage of cancer. A pronounced survival difference was found in the presence of exhaled ferritin 300 ng/mL and exhaled SOD > 13·5 U/μL.Conclusions  In conclusion, although the results need to be confirmed on a larger and homogeneous population, we hypothesized that the notion of using the measurement of ferritin and SOD in the EBC could, if deemed feasible, have clinical implications in the monitoring of lung cancer and as an outcome predictor.
Anti‐adhesive and pro‐apoptotic effects of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate on human gingival fibroblasts co‐cultured with Streptococcus mitis strains
Authors: Zara S. , Di Giulio M. , D’Ercole S. , Cellini L. , Cataldi A. 
Published: September 2011

Zara S, Di Giulio M, D’Ercole S, Cellini L, Cataldi A. Anti‐adhesive and pro‐apoptotic effects of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate on human gingival fibroblasts co‐cultured with Streptococcus mitis strains. International Endodontic Journal, 44, 1145–1154, 2011.AbstractAim  To evaluate and observe the cellular reactions that occur during the interaction/integration between 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate/host tissue/microbial environment, in a co‐culture of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and Streptococcus mitis strains.Methodology  Streptococcus mitis were cultured with strains in the presence of 3 mmol L−1 HEMA for 48 h and 72 h. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the trypan blue dye exclusion test. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL analysis. Adhesion was evaluated by immunofluorescence and western blot analyses. Quantitative analyses of the results were acquired by Qwin Plus 3.5 and QuantityOne I‐D analysis software, respectively. The statistical significance of the results was evaluated using t‐tests and linear regression tests.Results  The trypan blue dye test revealed 47.3% and 46.5% of dead fibroblasts after 48 and 72 h HEMA treatment, respectively, while bacterial viability was not influenced by the presence of HEMA and fibroblasts. The expression of pro‐collagen I, involved in fibroblast adhesion, in untreated samples ranged from 12.49% to 6.91% of the positive area after 48 and 72 h, respectively, dropping to below 2% of the positive area in the other experimental conditions. Unlike the trypan blue test, co‐cultured samples treated with HEMA showed 20% and 25% versus 17% and 21% (after 48 and 72 h, respectively) of apoptotic cells.Conclusions  The evidence for HEMA toxicity and anti‐adhesive effects against eukaryotic cells was reduced in the presence of bacteria, suggesting that dental resins should be well polymerized to avoid the spread of toxic monomers within the mouth.
The effect of calcium hydroxide on the steroid component of Ledermix® and Odontopaste®
Authors: Athanassiadis M. , Jacobsen N. , Parashos P. 
Published: September 2011

Athanassiadis M, Jacobsen N, Parashos P. The effect of calcium hydroxide on the steroid component of Ledermix® and Odontopaste®. International Endodontic Journal, 44, 1162–1169, 2011.AbstractAim  To investigate the chemical interaction of calcium hydroxide with the corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide in Ledermix® Paste and in Odontopaste®, a new steroid/antibiotic paste.Methodology  Validated methods were developed to analyse the interaction of calcium hydroxide in two forms, Pulpdent® Paste and calcium hydroxide powder, with triamcinolone acetonide within Odontopaste® and Ledermix® Paste. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyse the mixed samples of the pastes and calcium hydroxide. The concentration of triamcinolone acetonide within the pastes was determined over 0, 2, 6, 24 and 72‐h time‐points. All tests with the HPLC involved the testing of the standard with triplicate injections alongside the samples. All samples were tested in duplicate with each injected twice; therefore, four tests were performed for each investigation. Linearity, precision and specificity of the testing procedures and apparatus were validated. Descriptive statistics are provided.Results  In both pastes, there was a marked rapid destruction of the triamcinolone acetonide steroid upon mixing with calcium hydroxide. Odontopaste® suffered a lower rate of destruction of the triamcinolone acetonide component than Ledermix® Paste, but both pastes showed very similar degrees of steroid destruction after 72 h. When using calcium hydroxide powder with Ledermix® Paste, the triamcinolone was destroyed entirely and immediately.Conclusion  The addition of calcium hydroxide to Odontopaste® or Ledermix® Paste results in the rapid destruction of the steroid.
Overexpression of interleukin‐6 and ‐8, cell growth inhibition and morphological changes in 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐treated human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Trubiani O. , Cataldi A. , De Angelis F. , D’Arcangelo C. , Caputi S. 
Published: September 2011

Trubiani O, Cataldi A, De Angelis F, D’Arcangelo C, Caputi S. Overexpression of interleukin‐6 and ‐8, cell growth inhibition and morphological changes in 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐treated human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 19–25, 2012.AbstractAim  To evaluate morphological features, cell growth and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) secretion in expanded ex vivo human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DP‐MSCs) after exposure to 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA).Methodology  Dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells were derived from the dental pulps of 10 young donors. After in vitro isolation, DP‐MSCs were treated with 3 and 5 mmol L−1 HEMA, and after 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation, their morphological features, cell growth, IL‐6 and IL‐8 secretion were analysed. Differences in the cell growth and in the interleukin secretion were analysed for statistical significance with two‐way anova tests and the Holm–Sidak method for multiple comparisons.Results  Dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells revealed a decrease in cell growth with both treatments (P < 0.05), more evident at 5mmol L−1. Microscopic analysis displayed extensive cytotoxic effects in treated cells, which lost their fibroblastoid features and became retracted, even roundish, with a large number of granules. An up‐regulation of IL‐6 and IL‐8 in treated cells cytokines was evident (P < 0.05).Conclusions  2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate exhibited cytotoxicity, inhibited cell growth and induced morphological changes in cultured DP‐MSCs. Moreover, in treated samples, an up‐regulation of soluble mediators of inflammation such as IL‐6 and IL‐8 cytokines was found. The direct application of HEMA potentially induces an inflammation process that could be the starting point for toxic response and cell damage in DP‐MSCs.
The efficacy of five techniques for removing root filling material: microscopic versus radiographic evaluation
Authors: Kfir A. , Tsesis I. , Yakirevich E. , Matalon S. , Abramovitz I. 
Published: September 2011

Kfir A, Tsesis I, Yakirevich E, Matalon S, Abramovitz I. The efficacy of five techniques for removing root filling material: microscopic versus radiographic evaluation. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 35–41, 2012.AbstractAim  To test and compare the efficacy of five methods for the removal of root filling material and to test the hypothesis that radiographs fail to represent the real extent of remaining material on canal walls.Methodology  Fifty maxillary anterior single‐rooted teeth with straight root canals were selected. The coronal third of each root canal was prepared with Gates‐Glidden drills to number 3, whilst the apical two‐thirds were prepared with manual K‐files to size 40. Root fillings were performed using lateral compaction with gutta‐percha and AH‐26. After full setting, the coronal third of the root filling was removed with Gates‐Glidden drills and the teeth divided into five groups (n = 10). The remaining root filling material was then removed with either Hedström files and chloroform (25 μL), using size 40 as the last file, SafeSider files, using a NiTi Pleezer reamer with a 0.06 taper followed by size 40 reciprocating file, with or without chloroform, or ProTaper Universal retreatment files (D2, D3) with or without chloroform. Reaching working length with no more gutta‐percha on the last file was defined as the endpoint for all procedures. The presence of remaining filling material was first evaluated radiographically and then by the microscopic evaluation of split roots. The time required to accomplish the procedure was also recorded. anova and anova with repeated measures were used for statistical analysis of the results.Results  Overall, 11–26% of the canal wall remained covered with filling material; no significant difference was found between the groups. The mechanized methods were faster than manual removal of filling material (P < 0.01); the use of solvent did not speed up the mechanized procedures. Radiographic evaluation failed to adequately and reliably detect the extent of filling material remaining on the canal walls, which was later observed by microscopic evaluation.Conclusions  All methods left root canal filling material on the canal walls. Radiographic evaluation failed to detect the extent of remaining root filling material, which could only be detected using microscopy.
Effect of intracanal irrigants on the bond strength of epoxy resin‐based and methacrylate resin‐based sealers to root canal walls
Authors: Vilanova W. V. , Carvalho‐Junior J. R. , Alfredo E. , Sousa‐Neto M. D. , Silva‐Sousa Y. T. C. 
Published: September 2011

Vilanova WV, Carvalho‐Junior JR, Alfredo E, Sousa‐Neto MD, Silva‐Sousa YTC. Effect of intracanal irrigants on the bond strength of epoxy resin‐based and methacrylate resin‐based sealers to root canal walls. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 42–48, 2012.AbstractAim  To assess the bond strength of Epiphany and AH Plus sealers to root canal walls using a push‐out test after use of several endodontic irrigants.Methodology  Roots of 100 maxillary canines were sectioned horizontally 5 mm below the cemento‐enamel junction to provide 4‐mm‐thick dentine disks that were embedded in acrylic resin and had their root canals prepared with a tapered bur (larger diameter = 2.70 mm; smaller diameter = 2.30 mm; length = 4 mm). The specimens were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 20) according to the dentine surface treatment: I – 1% NaOCl (30 min); II – 1% NaOCl (30 min) + 17% EDTA (5 min); III – 17% EDTA (30 min); IV – 24% EDTA gel (30 min); V – 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) gel (30 min). In each group, two specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy to examine the surface of root canal dentine after use of each irrigant. The other 18 specimens were filled with AH plus (n = 9) or Epiphany (n = 9) and subjected to a push‐out test in an Instron machine. Data (in MPa) were subjected to statistical analysis by two‐way anova and post‐hoc Tukey–Kramer test (P < 0.05).Results  AH Plus had a significantly higher bond strength (8.74 ± 2.75) than Epiphany (6.74 ± 3.97) (P < 0.05). One per cent NaOCl/17% EDTA was associated with significantly higher bond strength values (10.88 ± 3.05) than the other irrigants (P < 0.05). Seventeen per cent EDTA (8.75 ± 1.75), 24% EDTA gel (7.48 ± 3.48) and 2% CHX gel (7.89 ± 3.41) had intermediate values that were not significantly different from each other (P > 0.05). One per cent NaOCl was associated with the lowest mean values (3.70 ± 0.86) (P < 0.05). The interaction between surface treatment and sealer revealed significantly higher bond strength for 24% EDTA gel with AH Plus, 2% CHX gel with AH Plus and 1%NaOCl/17%EDTA with Epiphany (P < 0.05).Conclusion  Except for 1% NaOCl, the removal of smear layer with the other irrigants increased the bond strength of AH Plus to intracanal dentine. The use of 1% NaOCl for 30 min with 17% EDTA as final irrigant for 5 min increased the bond strength of Epiphany.
The experiences of women (65–74 years) living with a long‐term condition in the shadow of ageing
Authors: Roy Dianne E. , Giddings Lynne S. 
Published: September 2011

roy d.e. & giddings l.s. (2012) The experiences of women (65–74 years) living with a long‐term condition in the shadow of ageing. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(1), 181–190.AbstractAims.  This paper reports on a study that explored experiences of women (65–74 years) as they grow older while living with a long‐term condition. The phenomenon of focus was ‘ageing with a long‐term condition’, rather than the experience of developing a long‐term condition after reaching older adulthood.Background.  People with long‐term conditions are living into older age. There is limited literature on the nexus of ageing with a long‐term condition. It is known that ageing shapes and is shaped by women’s experiences of living with a long‐term condition.Methods.  In this interpretive descriptive study, nine women participated in a series of three focus groups held in 2007 and 2008. Transcripts were analysed thematically and participants given the opportunity to respond to the analysis.Findings.  ‘In the shadow of ageing’ was the overarching theme. The women reported that although their long‐term condition remained the referent point in their daily lives, for others including health professionals, the focus was on their appearance and the effects of older age. To overcome the back‐grounding of their long‐term condition, the women used ‘strategies already‐in‐place’; it became ‘just another thing to deal with’. Ageing, however, remained ‘a privilege’.Conclusion.  If health professionals focus on age and its concomitant effects, rather than a woman’s long‐term condition, they are at risk of delivering inappropriate care. They need to be prepared to advocate for the special needs of older women who live with a long‐term condition and remain cognizant of the women’s resourcefulness and expertise developed over time.