bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral response of Bornean ungulates, including bearded pigs and sambar deer, to anthropogenic disturbance in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Nakabayashi Miyabi , Kanamori Tomoko , Matsukawa Aoi , Tangah Joseph , Tuuga Augustine , Malim Titol Peter , Bernard Henry , Ahmad Abdul Hamid , Matsuda Ikki , Hanya Goro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Understanding wildlife behavioral responses is crucial for assessing the effects of anthropogenic disturbance. We used camera traps to investigate the behavioral responses of two ungulate species, bearded pigs (Sus barbatus) and sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), to anthropogenic disturbance in three protected areas in Sabah, Malaysia, that have varying levels of human activity. We found that human activities generally influence the activity patterns of both ungulates, albeit with variations among the sites. The temporal activity pattern of bearded pigs was affected by anthropogenic disturbance, especially in the area targeted by poachers. While the core activity pattern of sambar deer remained consistent across sites, poaching pressure appeared to impact their behavior within specific environments. Bearded pigs approached plantations at times of low human activity, presumably to forage, indicating that they adjust spatiotemporal activity patterns to minimize human contact. We observed a reduction in active times for both species at sites of high anthropogenic disturbance. Despite these challenges, both species demonstrated behavioral adaptability to anthropogenic disturbance by utilizing artificial environments such as roads and oil palm plantations as foraging places, thereby potentially compensating for reduced feeding times. Our study underscores the negative impact of human activities on the activity patterns of the two ungulate species. Nevertheless, it also highlights their behavioral plasticity in response to anthropogenic disturbance, suggesting their ability to efficiently utilize alternative food resources. Our methodology provides insights into wildlife management strategies. We recommend urgent long-term monitoring of wildlife population dynamics, including behavioral responses, especially in Southeast Asia.
Assessment of open cell bio-based flexible polyurethane composites on mechanical, thermal and electrical properties for futuristic applications: An Initiative towards net-zero carbon emissions
Authors: Selvaraj Vinoth Kumar , Subramanian Jeyanthi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study proposes a novel approach to enhance the sustainability of polyurethane foam (PUF) by using renewable castor oil as a partial substitute for petrochemical polyols. The research focuses on developing an organic, low-density PUF reinforced with graphite nanoparticles (GNP), bamboo charcoal (BC), and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles. These reinforcements are incorporated using an absorption and hydrothermal reduction (AHR) technique. The resulting composite material is then evaluated for its multifunctional attributes, including density, tensile strength, flammability, and dielectric constant. The experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in the mechanical properties of the bio-based PUF, with the tensile strength increasing from 80 to 114 KPa due to the addition of nanoparticles. Moreover, the flammability tests show that while the bio-based PUF without nanoparticles achieved a UL-94 flame rating of V-2, the nanoparticle-reinforced PUF achieved higher ratings of V-0 and V-1, indicating improved flame retardancy. Furthermore, the study systematically assesses the dielectric properties of the open-cell bio-foam, comparing experimental results with a statistical experimental design. Optimization using an RSM central composite design (CCD) reveals a composition of 0.5 wt.% GNP, 0.5 wt.% ZrO2, and 2.5 wt.% BC results in a high dielectric constant of 4.95, making it suitable for effective dielectric applications. Experimental confirmation and simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics validate the optimized parameters, with error percentages of 3.12% and 2.48%, respectively. Overall, these findings underscore the potential of the proposed material as a sustainable alternative to conventional materials, aligning it with the growing demand for environmentally conscious solutions.
To explore the active ingredients and potential targets of Tongmai Yangxin pills in the treatment of atrial fibrillation based on network pharmacology and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Wang Jun , Xing Jun Wu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common clinical arrhythmia. Tongmai Yangxin Pill (TMYX) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription for treating arrhythmia, but the mechanism of action in AF remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mechanism of TMYX in AF and provide a new treatment target.
Methods: The effective components of TMYXwere screened in onlinedatabase. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AF and control samples were obtained via differential expression analysis. Candidate genes were obtained by overlapping DEGs and independent drug targets obtained by screening. Subsequently, these candidate genes were included in Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to obtain candidate key genes. Through machine learning algorithms, candidate key genes were further screened to obtain biomarkers. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis and molecular docking were implemented.
Results: By intersecting 2,845 DEGs and 1,099 independent drug targets, 174 candidate genes were obtained. A sum of 14 candidate key genes were identified to be causally related to AF. Notably, KMO, SERPINE1, CYP17A1 and HSD17B1 were identified as biomarkers. We found regulatory T cell showed a significant positive correlation with four biomarkers. Through a series of screening, a drugs-compounds-biomarkers network containing 4 biomarkers, 8 drugs, and 26 compounds was constructed. In this network, Ophiopogonis Radix targeted CYP17A1, HSD17B1 and SERPINE1 simultaneously through different compounds. The molecular docking binding energy between these compounds and biomarkers was stable, such as SERPINE1and quercetin.
Conclusion: In this study, four biomarkers were identified, which provided a new treatment target for AF.
First Top-Down Diurnal Updates to NOx Emissions Inventory in Asia Informed by the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) Tropospheric NO2 Columns
Authors: Park Jincheol , Choi Yunsoo , Jung Jia , Lee Kyunghwa , Yeganeh Arash Kashfi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Pioneering the use of the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer’s (GEMS) observation data in air quality modeling, we updated Asia’s NOx emissions inventory by leveraging its unprecedented sampling frequency. GEMS tropospheric NO2 columns served as top-down constraints, guiding our Bayesian inversion to hourly update NOx emissions in Asia during spring 2022. This effectively remedied the prior underrepresentation of daytime NOx emissions, significantly improving simulation accuracy. The GEMS-informed update reduced the extent of model underestimation of surface NO2 concentrations from 19.23–11.36% in Korea and from 12.85–4.42% in China, showing about 6% greater improvement compared to the update based on the sun-synchronous low earth orbit observation proxy. Improvements were more pronounced when larger amounts of observation data were available each hour. Our findings highlight the utility of geostationary observation data in fine-tuning the emissions inventory with fewer temporal constraints, thereby more effectively improving the accuracy of air quality simulations.
Development and validation of a clinical prediction model for concurrent pulmonary infection in convalescent patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Xu Jixiang , Qi Qiliang , Zhou Xiaomei , Han Xiaoxiao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study aims to develop and validate a clinical prediction model for assessing the risk of concurrent pulmonary infection（PI）in patients recovering from intracerebral hemorrhage（ICH）.Methods: In this retrospective study, we compiled clinical data from 761 patients in the recovery phase of intracerebral hemorrhage, with 504 cases included in the PI group and 254 in the no PI group. Initially, univariate logistic regression was used to screen predictive factors. Subsequently, the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was employed to optimize these predictors. Variables identified from LASSO regression were included in a multivariable logistic regression analysis, incorporating variables with P < 0.05 into the final model. A nomogram was constructed, and its discriminative ability was evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and Area Under the Curve (AUC). Model performance was assessed using calibration plots and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (HL test). Additionally, the net clinical benefit was evaluated through clinical decision curve （DOC）analysis.ResultsKey predictors of PI included age, antibiotic use, consciousness disturbances, tracheotomy, dysphagia, bed rest duration, nasal feeding, and procalcitonin levels. The model demonstrated strong discrimination (C-index: 0.901, 95%CI: 0.878~0.924) and fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow test P=0.982), with significant clinical utility as per DCA.ConclusionThis study constructed a nomogram prediction model based on the demographic and clinical characteristics of convalescent patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Further studies showed that this model is of great value in the prediction of pulmonary infection in convalescent patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.
Closure of Pelvic Floor Entrance With Autogenous Peritoneum Flipping
Authors: zhang wang-ping , zhou xinyi , sun jian-guang , li jun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

At present, people are paying more and more attention to whether pelvic peritoneum should be closed after rectal cancer surgery [1-2]. Pelvic floor closure during surgery can not only protect abdominal organs and presacral wounds, but also help to control infection, limit inflammation, and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications such as adhesive intestinal obstruction [3]. The accompanying video reports a novel surgical method to close the pelvic floor by turning over the autologous peritoneal wall during the operation, with good postoperative recovery. The advantages of this surgery are low cost, convenient sampling, rapid repair, and reduced risk of infection [4]. It is a simple, safe, economical, minimally invasive, and highly feasible surgical method, which can achieve good patient recovery.
Unique Gating Strategy Identifier based on the Prime Population System and Gödel Numbers
Authors: Cosma Antonio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Gating is a fundamental and essential process in cytometry data analysis since it defines cell types of interest. Currently, there is no universally accepted method for representing and sharing gating strategies among software, publications, and repositories. I propose using the Prime Population system combined with a modified version of Gödel Numbers to identify any gating strategy uniquely. The Prime Population System is first used to identify gates on bivariate plots; successively, Gödel Numbers are used to set the sequence of the hierarchical gating strategy. The process results are unique identifiers for any existing and future gating strategy. This method represents a further step towards the arithmetization of cytometry metadata.
pH-sensitive Nanoformulation of Acetyl-11-Keto-beta-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) as a Potential Antiproliferative Agent in Colon Carcinogenesis (In Vitro and In Vivo)
Authors: Ale-Ahmad Atiyeh , Kazemi Sohrab , Daraei Abdolreza , Sepidarkish Mahdi , Moghadamnia Ali Akbar , Parsian Hadi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Developing a drug delivery system that can transport a higher concentration to the target cells can improve therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to develop a novel delivery system for Acetyl-11-Keto-beta-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) using chitosan-sodium alginate-calcium chloride (CS-SA-CaCl2) nanoparticles. The objectives were to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of these nanoparticles against colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of AKBA.
Results
With an extraction efficiency of 12.64%, AKBA was successfully extracted from the gum resin of B. serrata. The nanoparticle delivery system exhibited superior cytotoxicity against HT29 cells compared to free AKBA, AKBA extract (BA-Ex), and 5-FU. Furthermore, the nano formulation (nano-BA-Ex), induced apoptosis in HT29 cells more effectively than the other treatments. In vivo results showed that nanoformulation inhibited chemically induced colon tumorigenesis in mice and significantly reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACFs).
Conclusions
The developed CS-SA-CaCl2 nanoparticles loaded with AKBA extract exhibit potential as a potent drug delivery mechanism for the colorectal cancer model. Nano-BA-Ex is a promising strategy for enhancing the solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of BA derivatives. With its multiple effects on cancer cells and controlled drug release through nanocapsules, nano-BA-Ex stands out as a compelling candidate for further preclinical and clinical evaluation in CRC therapy.
The process of co-designing a model of social prescribing: An Australian case study
Authors: Oster Candice , Powell Ashleigh , Hutchinson Claire , Anderson Debra , Gransbury Bill , Walton Martin , O'Brien Jenny , Raven Susan , Bogomolova Svetlana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
: Social needs such as housing, employment, food, income, and social isolation are having a significant impact on individuals, families, and communities. Individuals are increasingly presenting to health settings with social needs, which are ill-equipped to address non-medical needs. Social prescribing is a systematic approach connecting the health, social and community sectors to better address social needs and improve health and wellbeing. Social prescribing interventions are being implemented world-wide. With variability in health and social care systems internationally, it is important that social prescribing interventions are co-designed with key stakeholders to ensure they can be implemented and sustained within local systems.
Methods
This Australian case study provides a detailed description of the process undertaken to co-design a social prescribing service model in a regional area. Four co-design workshops were undertaken, two with health and social care professionals and two with community members. The project followed an iterative process of resourcing, planning, recruiting, sensitising, facilitation, reflection, and building for change across the workshops.
Results
Through this process, key stakeholders were able to successfully co-design a social prescribing model of care for the region.
Conclusion
By demonstrating the process and materials used in our project, we aim to open the ‘black box’ of co-design for social prescribing and provide ideas and resources for others to adapt and utilise.
Patient or Public Contribution
: The project was designed and undertaken by a steering committee comprising university-based researchers, local government, and health, social, and community services. Member of the steering committee participated in project design, participant recruitment, workshops facilitation, data analysis, and interpretation.
Assessment of Drilled GFRPCs' behavior under Combined-Static Loading via Mechanical and AE Techniques
Authors: Hamed Safikhanlu , Mehdi Ahmadi Najafabadi , Hamed Adibi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Laminated composites have widespread application in a variety of sectors, including space exploration. Drilling (bolting or riveting) is a frequently employed technique in the assembly of composites. Various static and fatigue loads, as well as their combinations, are applied to composite structures in the real world. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the behavior of drilled GFRPCs subjected to mixed static loading (fixed-ended specimens subjected to bending loading). Therefore, laminated GFRP composites with stacking sequence of 45;[+45,0,-45,90]s are prepared and subjected to mixed-static loading. In addition, Acoustic Emission(AE) methodology is employed as structural health monitoring(SHM) technique. The mechanical data analysis for drilled and undrilled specimens reveals that the region I of load-displacement(L-D) curves includes a cubic function. Furthermore, drilling results in reduction of Max. allowable load, Max. allowable displacement, mean stiffness, average ratio of stiffness variations to displacement changes, and third order derivative of L-D curve by 35, 14, 24.97, 21.1, and 25.3%, respectively. AE data analysis reveals, in comparison with undrilled specimens, drilled composite coupons release high energy AE events before collapse point due to stress concentration around the hole.
The Effect of Different Treatment Protocols on Shear Bond Strength in Resin Composite Restoration Repair
Authors: Bulut Ayşenur , Bala Oya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives: It was aimed to investigate the effect of different treatment protocols on shear bond strength in composite restoration repair in vitro.
Materials and Methods: 120 specimens were prepared with micro-hybrid composite (Filtek Z250, 3M-ESPE, USA). The samples were randomly divided into 12 groups (n=10) after being subjected to thermal cycling test. No surface treatment was applied to Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4. İn Group 5, Group 6, Group 7 and Group 8 were sandblasted with the Cojet device, and in Group 9, Group 10, Group 11 and Group 12 were treated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Universal adhesive was applied to the specimen surfaces in total or self-etch mode. The repair process was carried out usan Filtek Z250 or nano-filled composite (Filtek Ultimate, 3M-ESPE, USA). A universal testing machine measured the repair shear bond strength. The fracture types were evaluated by optical microscopy and SEM. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test at 0.05 significance level.
Results: The highest bond strength was obtained in the CoJet sandblasted specimens. Higher shear bond strength values were obtained when the universal adhesive was applied in total-etch mode (p<0.05). In addition, the use of universal adhesive in total-etch mode with Filtek Ultimate and the use of nano-filled resin composite as repair material caused an increase in repair shear bond strength values.
Clinical Significance: The findings of this study will guide the management of the repair procedure process.
Simulation study on mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Fe with hydrogen atom segregated on grain boundaries
Authors: Zhi Youran , Tang Qiaoyun , Zhang Feng , Wang Deyong , Yang Liu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Molecular dynamics simulation method has been adopted to scrutinize the reactions of hydrogen atom segregation within the grain boundary affect zones of a polycrystalline Fe model. The primary focus is to discern the influence of varied hydrogen concentrations on the failure behaviors exhibited during plastic deformation. The investigation aims to straighten out the mechanical characteristics and failure mechanisms at the microscale in polycrystalline iron. Moreover, the study monitors and analyzes alterations in the crystal structure of the polycrystalline iron model under tensile loading, employing the common neighbor analysis technique. Findings indicate that tensile strength, Young's modulus, and strain when reaching the tensile strength diminish as hydrogen concentration increases, thereby heightening the propensity for failure in polycrystalline iron. In stress conditions, the congregation of hydrogen atoms tends to facilitate dislocation, void formation, and precipitate brittle fractures. The insights garnered from this investigation not only enhance our comprehension of micro-failure mechanisms in hydrogen-affected infrastructures but also furnish essential theoretical support for ensuring the reliability and safety of hydrogen transmission pipelines.
A Comprehensive Framework for Water Affordability Analysis
Authors: Fagundes Thalita Salgado , Marques Rui Cunha , Malheiros Tadeu Fabricio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Water and sanitation affordability has become a concern in the last years due to the recent economic crisis and the growing role of tariffs in financing public services. Governments have relied on poor and incomplete affordability analysis, if any, to identify constraints vulnerable families face accessing water supply and sanitation services. This paper proposes a broader affordability analysis framework, considering six main dimensions, coverage rates, conventional affordability ratio, poverty condition of the community, affordability ratio for poorer households, access to water social programs, and connection fee burden. The framework was then applied to Brazil, considering its state-owned providers, responsible for more than 70% of the total population. The results show that the framework can be a simple but complete tool for decision-makers in any country, with the flexibility to adapt. The case study demonstrated that the Brazilian conventional affordability ratio masks affordability issues faced by poorer families, along with low access to social tariffs, high incidence of poverty, and low coverage in several areas, providing stakeholders results for public policy approaches and subsidy choice and estimate.
Exploring the challenges among Youths living with HIV/AIDS in selected public hospitals in South West Ethiopia; a qualitative Phenomenological Study
Authors: Adraro Wasihun , Abeshu Getachew , Abamecha Fira 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This paper is aimed at reporting on the challenges of youths living with HIV/AIDS in two different states of Ethiopia; namely Oromia regional state and south west Ethiopian people regional state. Since individual perceive and experiences are interrelated and interconnected factors and co-occurring with daily life. To identify the problem using phenomenological in-depth interview technique on lived experiences and challenges among youths living with HIV/AIDS on different aspects of life beginning from the first time test result to the current psychological, emotional , behavioral, social support, medication adherence and substance use. The study population were youths with HIV/AIDS and using antiretroviral therapy medication in two different states of Ethiopia and two selected public hospitals. Some youths may avoid social contacts and do not seek their much-needed social support since they believe that they are not worth of respect and care from anyone. As a result, youths living with HIV/AIDS may live in despair and a constant fear of rejection, and yet lack social support that they need. The trend of substance abuse is very common in youths living with HIV/AIDS because of the psychosocial wellbeing, biological, emotional, spiritual, cultural, social, mental and material aspects of experience.