bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Nursing Role in the Special Olympic Program
Authors: Maxwell Betty McCloud 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTSpecial Olympics is an international program of physical fitness, recreation and sports for the handicapped of all ages and provides competition at all ability levels by grouping participants into divisions according to age, sex and performance ability. Special Olympics, a year‐round program of physical training for mentally handicapped children and adults, contributes positively to the physical, social and psychological development of these individuals. Special Olympic participants must have a physical examination prior to the training activities or athletic competition to determine limitations and to prescribe special precautions to follow while participating. School nurse practitioners play an important role in seeing that physical examinations are completed prior to scheduled events in addition to identifying immediate health needs, counseling students, teachers and parents about specific problems, updating medical information and seeking appropriate referrals for the participants. School nurse practitioners' attendance at Special Olympics competition is vital to the success of the program.
Capturing the Energy of Peer Pressure: Insights from a Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Newman Ian M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe effects of peer pressure on smoking behavior were described by subjects in a longitudinal study in the ninth grade, the 11th grade and 10 years later. Peer pressure was reported in terms of meeting certain desirable image characteristics and not in terms of direct pressure to smoke. Smoking was just one of many ways to create this image. It is suggested that education can incorporate peer pressure in a positive way by considering ways to change the “images” that energize certain behaviors, by introducing the learner to alternative ways to achieve the image and by alerting (immunizing) young people to the manipulative functions of image and peer pressure.
A Comfortability Level Scale for Performance of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Otten Robert Drew 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe major purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to appraise the comfortability level of college students toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance.The Purdue CPR Comfortability Scale was designed to measure five major areas of possible discomfort that are experienced while performing CPR on a human victim in an actual emergency situation. A table of specifications was constructed to establish content validity. This table presented the appropriate balance of emphasis on attitudinal topics in accord with the areas to be measured. Three subconcepts were developed for each of the five major areas specified. Therefore, the summated scale included a total of 15 items. A higher score indicated a higher level of comfortability toward CPR performance.An analysis of the mental processes required by the scale items in expressing affective reactions to the selected circumstances, and a comparison of student comfortability levels before and after CPR training indicated construct validity of the instrument.The scale was administered as a pretest to gather data on 317 first aid students at Purdue University. After five weeks of CPR training, the scale was readministered as a posttest.Split‐half reliability methods were used to determine the internal consistency of the scale. High internal consistency (.84 Spearman‐Brown) and a high level of scale administrability were demonstrated and it was concluded that the Purdue CPR Comfortability Scale is a valid self‐report instrument for appraising the comfortability level of college students toward CPR performance.
Health Department Services for Preschools and Day Care Centers
Authors: Mennie Joan , Klinger Mary Jane 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe DuPage County Health Department developed a program for preschool and day care centers that would assist in the early identification of health problems and provide educational resources and programs for children, parents and staff. The program is based on the premise that the earlier the recognition and treatment of health problems, the greater the child's wellness and ability to learn. The program is carried out by public health nurses who provide services to the preschools and day care centers in accordance with a written agreement. The agreement defines services offered and provisions for delivering them.
Student Knowledge and Opinions on Key Environmental Issues
Authors: Toohey Jack V. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA questionnaire, the Student Environmental Knowledge and Opinion Inventory (SEKO), was administered to 200 randomly selected university and 200 randomly selected high school students. The findings indicate that students are naive and uninformed about numerous key environmental issues. Furthermore, their environmental‐political opinions reflect a marked thrust of pessimism and apprehension relative to their ability to shape and control the environmental present and the political‐environmental future.
A Comparison of Smoking Related Attitudes and Behaviors Among Kentucky Public School Children Whose Families Are and Are Not Involved in Tobacco Production
Authors: Higgins C. Wayne , Whitley Kenneth N. , Dunn J. David 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTSchool health education has an important role to play in discouraging teenage smoking. However, it is likely that government, the general public and students themselves will be less favorable toward smoking education in major tobacco‐producing states. To determine whether students whose families are involved in tobacco production hold more favorable attitudes toward smoking and smoke more than children whose families are not involved, 1,322 Kentucky public school students in grades five‐12 were surveyed regarding smoking attitudes and behavior. Twenty‐one percent (276) of the students reported that their families were involved in tobacco producion.Tobacco family students held more favorable attitudes toward smoking and a larger percentage of these children smoked and smoked more than their nontobacco family peers. These differences were statistically significant at the 0.05 level.Tobacco family children appear to be at high risk for smoking‐related disease and may prove resistant to some antismoking messages. Developing effective smoking education programs in major tobacco states is an important challenge for school health education.
Ingredients in Nutrition Education: Family Involvement, Reading and Race
Authors: Sunseri Albert J. , Alberti Jean M. , Kent Nancie D. , Schoenberger James A. , Dolecek Therese A. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe Chicago Heart Health Curriculum Program (CHHCP) is a comprehensive cardiovascular disease risk‐reduction program specially designed for a multiracial population of sixth‐grade students and their families. It was implemented in a large urban school system with Asian, black, Hispanic and white students. Pretest, posttest and follow‐up data were collected. The purposes of this study were to compare the differential involvement of the four race/ethnic groups in the family intervention and to evaluate the program's immediate and long‐term impact on students' nutrition knowledge, attitude and behaviors. Results indicated it was possible to conduct a family intervention with an educationally and racially diverse urban population. The patterns of family involvement and student outcomes varied for the different groups. Reading was significantly related to nutrition knowledge and attitude but not to behavior. Reinforcement appears to be necessary for students to maintain changes over time.
A Three Component Alcohol Attitude Scale
Authors: Veenker C. H. , Torabi Mohammad R. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA summated rating scale of the Likert‐type was constructed to measure college students' attitudes toward alcohol use and abuse. Using a three‐component approach, a table of specifications for the instrument was developed to include three subscales to measure feeling, belief and intention to act. Comparable emphasis in each subscale was given to drinking behavior, results of drinking and social perspectives. After extensive item development, two experimental forms were administered to a sample of undergraduate college students to gather evidence of item function and validity. Statistical analysis produced a pool of items meeting criteria for internal consistency and discrimination power. According to the table of specifications, 54 items were selected to provide 18 conceptually comparable items for each subscale in the final instrument. The scale was then administered to a sample of 880 undergraduate students at three large, midwestern universities. The data were analyzed statistically to test nine hypotheses concerning validity and performance of the scale. Results demonstrated highly significant levels of internal consistency and discriminating power of items, the subscales and the total scale. The three‐component approach was found to be an appropriate, effective technique for measuring attitudes toward health‐related behavior.
A Nutrition Curriculum for Health Education: Its Effect on Students' Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior
Authors: Byrd‐Bredbenner Carol , O'Connell Lily Hsu , Shannon Barbara , Eddy James M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe objective of the study was to determine the effect of nutrition instruction, using the curriculum guides,Nutrition In A Changing World, A Curriculum for Junior High Health, andA Curriculum for Senior High Health, on improving the nutrition knowledge, selected food/nutrition attitudes, and dietary behavior of students enrolled in secondary level health courses. Three groups of students were utilized including one experimental and two control groups at each level (junior high and senior high). The experimental group was pretested, taught the nutrition curriculum, and posttested. One control group was posttested only to measure the effect of the pretest on posttest performance. A second control group was pretested and posttested. Neither control group received nutrition instruction until after the study was completed. The three instruments used to collect data were a nutrition knowledge test, a food/nutrition attitude instrument, and a food frequency form. The results indicate that, at all grade levels, the experimental group had significantly improved knowledge scores. Little change in attitude scale scores was noted in grades seven and eight, while ninth grade experimental students scored significantly higher on the posttest for all attitude scales. Little improvement was seen in the posttest food frequency scores.
Facilitating a Self‐Care Practicum Experience in Consumer Health Education
Authors: Ozias Janice M. , Peterson Fred L. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThere has been an increasing public interest in health care issues such as wellness, self‐care, and the importance of taking personal responsibility for one's health. In addition to learning preventive health lifestyle measures, this growing consumer interest involves decisions regarding the purchase and use of health products and health services. There is a significant need for effective consumer health education in the schools that focuses not only on transmission of information, but on the development of decision‐making skills and on opportunities for practical application. This paper describes an approach to facilitate the development of a self‐care practicum experience in consumer health instruction, making use of the resources and expertise of both the school health educator and the school nurse. The approach describes how a planned practicum can move consumer instruction from an information‐receiving experience to a participatory experience that facilitates the development of consumer decision‐making skills.
Microcomputers in Health Education: Characteristics of Quality Instructional Software
Authors: Petosa Richard , Gillespie Tim 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe potential effectiveness of microcomputer‐assisted instruction is based on the availability of quality instructional programs. The following article outlines important characteristics of high quality instructional software. If health educators are discriminating consumers of instructional software they will serve as a significant market force promoting the development of high quality educational programs.
Sexuality Education for the Visually and Hearing Impaired Child in the Regular Classroom
Authors: Baugh Robert J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTWith more than two million handicapped children being “mainslreamed” into the regular classroom, teachers are confronted for the first time with assisting visual‐ and hearing‐impaired children. Sensory‐impaired children usually will demonstrate a deficiency in psychosocial‐sexual adjustment, and teachers may doubt their ability to help in this area. These children have the same emotional and social needs as others, and their maladjustment is due usually to a lack of sufficient information concerning their sexuality. With a better understanding and an early recognition of the impediments these individuals experience in acquiring sexuality information, teachers can modify their methods of presentation and provide opportunities and assistance in the child's psychosocial‐sexual adjustment.
Normative Beliefs of School Children Concerning Regular Exercise
Authors: Godin Gaston , Shephard Roy J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe main purpose of the study was to examine societal norms toward exercise as perceived by school children. To this end, the normative beliefs of specific referents (parents, teachers, and friends) and the motivation to comply with the beliefs of these specific referents were measured in 698 students of both sexes attending grades seven‐nine. Results indicated major changes in both normative beliefs and motivation to comply with “significant others” as the children move from grade seven to nine. There also were substantial differences between the results for active and sedentary children. Teachers seem to provide a stable norm, less influenced by the age, sex, and level of physical activity of the student.
School Health Education for the Chronically Impaired Individual
Authors: Levenson Phyllis M. , Cooper Marilyn A. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTEducators often find themselves confronted with the need to address health‐related problems of chronically impaired students. Specific needs often are demonstrated by chronically impaired individuals. The roles and responsibilities of the classroom teacher with respect to meeting these needs are discussed. In addition, suggestions about how these concerns can be addressed through existing classroom health instruction are offered. Teachers can use the health curriculum to compliment the efforts of parents and health‐care providers in informing, supplementing, and reinforcing disabled students' knowledge, attitudes, and skills. In this way, chronically impaired children can be assisted to meet present and future health needs in a manner conducive to optimal growth and development.
The Delivery of Primary Health Care in American Public Schools, 1890–1980
Authors: Kort Michael 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThere is considerable concern in the United States today about the health of this nation's school children. Various plans, including the direct delivery of primary health care in the public schools, are being suggested. School health care in the United States traditionally has stressed health inspection, assessment, and first aid. However, school health programs that delivered primary health care, including dental care, always have existed, though they represented a distinctly minority tradition. Since the 1960s, the number and scope of these programs have expanded. At the present time new approaches to delivering primary health care in the public schools are being attempted. Other proposals are emerging from the federal government and from private foundations.
Organizational and Health Manifestations of Teacher Stress: A Preliminary Report on the Buffalo Teacher Stress Intervention Project
Authors: Golaszewski Thomas J. , Milstein MikeM. , Duquette R. Daniel , London William M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTIn an attempt to develop long‐term stress management contingencies, four Buffalo City Elementary Schools were assessed on perceptions of organizational stress, personal manifestations, and health status. Relationships that were observed supported theoretical concepts of organizational stress, and supported the need for intervention within teacher populations. Organizational and promotional strategies to enhance participant involvement are discussed.
Sexuality Education Instructional Techniques: Teacher Usage and Student Preference
Authors: Hammonds M. Maxine , Schultz Jerelyn B. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper identifies instructional techniques utilized by 89 secondary school teachers and those preferred by 334 secondary school students when 20 sexuality education topics are taught in the classroom. Instructional techniques most often utilized by teachers and preferred by students include large group discussion, educational media, guest speakers, case study, lecture, small group work, and role play. The findings indicate that large group discussion was most often employed by teachers and preferred by students when teaching social and emotional aspects of sexuality such as self‐awareness, feelings and emotions, building relationships, and communicating with others. Educational media and guest speakers were the instructional techniques used and preferred to address some of the physiological aspects of sexuality such as reproductive systems, conception, childbirth, and birth control. Significant differences using the chi‐square test of independence were found between teacher and student responses for 16 of the 20 topics.
Family and Child Correlates of Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Quality in 10–13 Year Olds
Authors: Touliatos John , Lindholm Byron W. , Wenberg Mary F. , Ryan Melbagene 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTFamily and child correlates of nutrition knowledge and dietary quality were examined using 97 10–13‐year‐otd children. Results indicated that older, more intelligent, and white subjects had higher scores on a test of nutrition knowledge, and younger, more intelligent subjects whose mothers were employed achieved higher scores on a measure of dietary quality. Tentative explanations are offered.
Health Promotion in a Cambodian Refugee Camp: A CHILD‐to‐child Approach
Authors: Boyer‐Chuanroong Lynda 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a School Health Program established in Khao I Dang, a refugee camp of 80,000 Cambodians in Thailand. Originally designed to provide health screening and immunization, the program was expanded to include health promotion. The author conceptualizes the health promotion activities based on the underlying principles in the manual CHILD‐to‐child. Three specific projects using CHILD‐to‐child techniques are described. The article concludes with a discussion of the applicability of these techniques to refugee settings in general and to American schools.
School Health Education Research: Future Issues and Challenges
Authors: Kreuter Marshall W. , Christenson Gregory M. , Davis Roy 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper presents the view that the dissemination of effective school health education constitutes a significant problem that deserves high priority on a national research agenda for school health education. Justification of dissemination is grounded in two presuppositions: (1) that there is a positive correlation between health education and the practice of health‐enhancing behaviors and (2) that health education is an appropriate and fundamental task for schools. Two complex sub‐problems are discussed. The first is related to the fact that there are no data to help us determine how many children in this country actually receive health information in schools. In addition, there is insufficient evidence to ascertain either the quality or quantity of health information children receive or where in the curriculum the presentation of that information occurs. The second problem pertains to the myriad of complex factors that impede the implementation of health education in schools. These two problems are re‐cast into a series of researchable questions.
A Conceptual Approach to School‐Based Health Promotion
Authors: Perry Cheryl L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHealth and health promotion have become salient topics in American society in the 1980's. Still there is little consensus on what is meant by the term “health promotion,” in what ways children and adolescents should be a targeted group, or whether such activities are appropriate for schools. This paper proposes a concept of health promotion as an intervention modality, based on a clarification of the notion of health and the efforts needed to foster improved health. The relevance of health promotion efforts to the school setting is argued from three perspectives. Three levels of analysis for conceptualizing school health promotion programs are then proposed and involve the school environment, student personality characteristics, and student behavior. The question of accomplishing changes in health‐related behavior through the schools is addressed through changes that are accomplished at each of these three levels. The exploration of this change process through particular theoretical attributes at each of these levels forms the basis for designing and evaluating strategies for effective school health promotion programs. Finally, the relationship between the school and the extra‐school environment is proposed as a final area for research in school health promotion.
Issues Related to Designing and Conducting School Health Education Research
Authors: Iverson Donald C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractInvestigators interested in conducting school health research face many important challenges. First, an appropriate research course for school health must be charted so the most important research issues are addressed in a systematic way. Second, there is a continuing need to develop scientifically sound research methods that can be used in the school setting. Third, there is the immediate need to identify ways of overcoming the usual problems encountered in the conduct of school health research. This paper focuses on the third challenge, via an analysis of the research design and measurement issues that most frequently confront school health researchers. The research design issues addressed include randomization of experimental units to treatments and selection of the appropriate statistical unit of analysis. The measurement issues addressed included use of existing versus newly developed instruments, use of norm‐referenced versus criterion‐referenced instruments, use of self‐report techniques, and appropriate use of affective instruments. Following an analysis of the issues a series of relevant questions are posed.
Training Needs in School Health Education Research
Authors: Gold Robert , Gilbert Glen G. , Levine David M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to review the history of professional preparation of health educators for the conduct of research, to present several major issues and problems related to school health education research, and to identify the characteristics of present training models. Despite the fact that health education can trace its origin to early in this century, it was not until 1953 that a formal statement on research competencies was formulated. Since that time, however, a great deal of activity has been identified. While several issues have been raised regarding research strategies and techniques used by health educators, current training models hold a great deal of promise for strengthening these efforts. The characteristics of such training models are described.