bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Offshoring and Marketing
Authors: Bharadwaj Neeraj 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Although offshoring has become ubiquitous in business practice, it has attracted only minimal academic attention. This article briefly describes current marketing research that has examined the impact of offshoring on customer appraisals and also current operations research that has assessed its ability to affect cost savings. It also identifies some more interesting opportunities in offshoring and marketing that await learning, including integrating thinking from marketing
and operations research to better understand when cutting costs by engaging in offshoring may come at the expense of weakening customer relationships.
Further molecular and clinical delineation of the Wisconsin syndrome phenotype associated with interstitial 3q24q25 deletions
Authors: Willemsen Marjolein H. , de Leeuw Nicole , Mercer Catherine , Eisenhauer Helen , Morris Joanne , Collinson Morag N. , Barber John C.K. , Lam Stephen T.S. , Lo Ivan F.M. , Rensen Hanneke , Ferwerda Annemarie , Hamel Ben C.J. , Kleefstra Tjitske 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDeletions of the distal 3q22.3 region encompassing the gene forkhead transcription factor FOXL2 (FOXL2) usually result in intellectual disability (ID) and the highly recognizable blepharophimosis–ptosis–epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES). We encountered three patients with molecularly defined interstitial deletions distal to the FOXL2 gene. They present with remarkably similar manifestations comprising variable ID, a coarse facial appearance, including prominent nose and eyebrows, hypogonadism and skin pigmentation abnormalities, and they share an approximately 8.8 Mb overlapping 3q24q25 deletion. Interestingly, one of the present patients was described previously in a clinical report with emphasis on her clinical similarity to the Wisconsin syndrome, suggesting that Wisconsin syndrome might be caused by a (micro) deletion within the 3q24q25 region. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of the CD226 Ser307 variant with systemic sclerosis: Evidence of a contribution of costimulation pathways in systemic sclerosis pathogenesis
Authors: Dieudé P. , Guedj M. , Truchetet M. E. , Wipff J. , Revillod L. , Riemekasten G. , Matucci‐Cerinic M. , Melchers I. , Hachulla E. , Airo P. , Diot E. , Hunzelmann N. , Mouthon L. , Cabane J. , Cracowski J. L. , Riccieri V. , Distler J. , Amoura Z. , Valentini G. , Camaraschi P. , Tarner I. , Frances C. , Carpentier P. , Brembilla N. C. , Meyer O. , Kahan A. , Chizzolini C. , Boileau C. , Allanore Y. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe nonsynonymous polymorphism rs763361 of the CD226 gene, which encodes DNAX accessory molecule 1, which is involved in T cell costimulation pathways, has recently been identified as a genetic risk factor for autoimmunity. The purpose of this study was to test for association of the CD226 rs763361 polymorphism with systemic sclerosis (SSc) in European Caucasian populations.MethodsCD226 rs763361 was genotyped in 3,632 individuals, consisting of a discovery sample (991 SSc patients and 1,008 controls) and a replication sample (999 SSc patients and 634 controls). All study subjects were of European Caucasian origin. Expression of CD226 was assessed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 21 healthy donors genotyped for CD226 rs763361.ResultsThe CD226 rs763361 T allele was found to be associated with SSc in both the discovery and the replication samples, showing the following results in the combined populations: odds ratio (OR) 1.22 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.10–1.34), P = 5.69 × 10–5. The CD226 T allele was also associated with various SSc subsets, highlighting a potential contribution to disease severity. The most remarkable associations of the CD226 TT risk genotype were observed with the diffuse cutaneous SSc subtype, the anti–topoisomerase I antibody–positive, and SSc‐related fibrosing alveolitis subsets: OR 1.86 (95% CI 1.42–2.43), P = 5.15 × 10–6, OR 1.82 (95% CI 1.38–2.40), P = 2.16 × 10–5, and OR 1.61 (95% CI 1.25–2.08), P = 2.73 × 10–4, respectively. CD226 expression was not significantly influenced by CD226 rs763361 genotypes whatever the T cell subtype investigated.ConclusionOur results establish CD226 as a new SSc genetic susceptibility factor underlying the contribution of costimulation pathways in the pathogenesis of SSc. Further work is nevertheless needed to define the causal variant at the CD226 locus as well as the functional consequences.
Impact of bevacizumab on functional recovery and histology of the liver after resection of colorectal metastases
Authors: Wicherts D A , de Haas R J , Sebagh M , Saenz Corrales E , Gorden D L , Lévi F , Paule B , Azoulay D , Castaing D , Adam R 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

Background
The impact of bevacizumab on functional recovery and histology of the liver was evaluated in patients undergoing hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases (CLM) following bevacizumab treatment.

Methods
Consecutive patients who had resection of CLM between July 2005 and July 2009 following preoperative chemotherapy were identified retrospectively from a prospectively collected database. Patients who had received bevacizumab before the last chemotherapy line were excluded. Postoperative liver function and histology were compared between patients with and without bevacizumab treatment. Recorded parameters included serum prothrombin time, total bilirubin concentration, and levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase.

Results
Of 208 patients identified, 67 had received last-line bevacizumab, 44 were excluded and 97 had not received bevacizumab. Most patients in the bevacizumab group (66 per cent) received a single line of chemotherapy. Bevacizumab was most often combined with 5-flurouracil/leucovorin and irinotecan (68 per cent). The median number of bevacizumab cycles was 8·6 (range 1–34). Bevacizumab administration was stopped a median of 8 (range 3–19) weeks before surgery. There were no deaths. Postoperative morbidity occurred in 43 and 36 per cent of patients in the bevacizumab and no-bevacizumab groups respectively (P = 0·353). The mean(s.d.) degree of tumour necrosis was significantly higher in the bevacizumab group (55(27) versus 32(29) per cent; P = 0·001). Complete pathological response rates were comparable (3 versus 8 per cent; P = 0·307). Postoperative changes in functional parameters and objective signs of hepatic toxicity were similar in both groups.

Conclusion
Preoperative administration of bevacizumab does not seem to affect functional recovery of the liver after resection of CLM. Tumour necrosis is increased following bevacizumab treatment.
Synthesis and DNA‐Binding Affinities of Protoberberine‐Based Multivalent Agents
Authors: Cui Jie‐Shun , Xu Fang , Pang Ji‐Yan , Chen Wen‐Hua , Jiang Zhi‐Hong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThree novel berberine derivatives bearing two, three, and four primary amino groups at C(9), respectively, were synthesized and characterized on the basis of 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, MS, and HR‐MS data. Their non‐covalent binding with calf thymus (CT) DNA was investigated by means of spectrophotometric titration and ethidium bromide (EB) displacement experiments. The results indicated that these multivalent berberine derivatives exhibited up to 130‐fold enhanced binding affinities relative to berberine, and thus, may be exploitable as potent DNA‐binding agents.
Two New Resveratrol Tetramers Isolated from Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagn. with Strong Inhibitory Activity on Fatty Acid Synthase and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Bao Li , Ma Xiaofeng , Song Xiaohong , Wang Manyuan , Liu Hongwei 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTwo new resveratrol tetramers, cajyphenol A (1) and cajyphenol B (2), together with two known resveratrol dimers, quadrangularin A (3) and pallidol (4), and resveratrol (5) were isolated from the stems of Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagn. Their structures were established by means of NMR (1H,1H‐COSY, 1H,13C‐HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) and ESI‐MS analyses. Compounds 1–5 showed fast‐binding inhibitory activities on fatty acid synthase with the IC50 values of 1.63±0.02, 1.49±0.03, 7.50±0.01, 11.1±0.01, and 10.2±0.01 μM, respectively. Compounds 1–5 also exhibited antioxidant activities in the ORAC assay.
Chemical Constituents of Papulaspora immersa, an Endophyte from Smallanthus sonchifolius (Asteraceae), and Their Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Borges Coutinho Gallo Margareth , Coêlho Cavalcanti Bruno , Washington Araújo Barros Francisco , Odorico de Moraes Manoel , Veras Costa‐Lotufo Letícia , Pessoa Cláudia , Kenupp Bastos Jairo , Tallarico Pupo Mônica 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPapulaspora immersa H. H. Hotson was isolated from roots and leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. and Endl.) H. Rob. (Asteraceae), traditionally known as Yacon. The fungus was cultured in rice, and, from the AcOEt fraction, 14 compounds were isolated. Among them, (22E,24R)‐8,14‐epoxyergosta‐4,22‐diene‐3,6‐dione (4), 2,3‐epoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene‐c‐1,c‐4,8‐triol (10), and the chromone papulasporin (13) were new secondary metabolites. The spectral data of the known natural products were compared with the literature data, and their structures were established as the (24R)‐stigmast‐4‐en‐3‐one (1), 24‐methylenecycloartan‐3β‐ol (2), (22E,24R)‐ergosta‐4,6,8(14),22‐tetraen‐3‐one (3), (−)‐(3R,4R)‐4‐hydroxymellein (5), (−)‐(3R)‐5‐hydroxymellein (6), 6,8‐dihydroxy‐3‐methylisocoumarin (7), (−)‐(4S)‐4,8‐dihydroxy‐α‐tetralone (8), naphthalene‐1,8‐diol (9), 6,7,8‐trihydroxy‐3‐methylisocoumarin (11), 7‐hydroxy‐2,5‐dimethylchromone (12), and tyrosol (14). Compound 4 showed the highest cytotoxic activity against the human tumor cell lines MDA‐MB435 (melanoma), HCT‐8 (colon), SF295 (glioblastoma), and HL‐60 (promyelocytic leukemia), with IC50 values of 3.3, 14.7, 5.0 and 1.6 μM, respectively. Strong synergistic effects were also observed with compound 5 and some of the isolated steroidal compounds.
Asymmetric Synthesis and Biological Activity of nor‐α‐Tocopherol, a New Vitamin E Analogue
Authors: Chapelat Julien , Hengartner Urs , Chougnet Antoinette , Liu Kegang , Huebbe Patricia , Rimbach Gerald , Woggon Wolf‐D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe vitamin E analogues (2R,4′R,8′R)‐nor‐α‐tocopherol (94 % de) and (2RS,4′R,8′R)‐nor‐α‐tocopherol have been synthesized from (all R)‐hexahydrofarnesol and phytol, respectively. According to in vitro experiments with murine macrophages nor‐α‐tocopherol is an anti‐inflammatory compound more potent than α‐tocopherol.
Energetic Salts of the Binary 5‐Cyanotetrazolate Anion ([C2N5]−) with Nitrogen‐Rich Cations
Authors: Crawford Margaret‐Jane , Klapötke Thomas M. , Martin Franz A. , Miró Sabaté Carles , Rusan Magdalena 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe reaction of cyanogen (NCCN) with MN3 (M=Na, K) in liquid SO2 leads to the formation of the 5‐cyanotetrazolate anion as the monohemihydrate sodium (1⋅1.5 H2O) and potassium (2) salts, respectively. Both 1⋅1.5 H2O and 2 were used as starting materials for the synthesis of a new family of nitrogen‐rich salts containing the 5‐cyanotetrazolate anion and nitrogen‐rich cations, namely ammonium (3), hydrazinium (4), semicarbazidium (5), guanidinium (6), aminoguanidinium (7), diaminoguanidinium (8), and triaminoguanidinium (9). Compounds 1–9 were synthesised in good yields and characterised by using analytical and spectroscopic methods. In addition, the crystal structures of 1⋅1.5 H2O, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 9⋅H2O were determined by using low‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. An insight into the hydrogen bonding in the solid state is described in terms of graph‐set analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry and sensitivity tests were used to assess the thermal stability and sensitivity against impact and friction of the materials, respectively. For the assessment of the energetic character of the nitrogen‐rich salts 3–9, quantum chemical methods were used to determine the constant volume energies of combustion, and these values were used to calculate the detonation velocity and pressure of the salts using the EXPLO5 computer code. Additionally, the performances of formulations of the new compounds with ammonium nitrate and ammonium dinitramide were also predicted. Lastly, the ICT code was used to determine the gases and heats of explosion released upon decomposition of the 5‐cyanotetrazolate salts.
Amyloid Formation from an α‐Helix Peptide Bundle Is Seeded by 310‐Helix Aggregates
Authors: Singh Yogendra , Sharpe Philip C. , Hoang Huy N. , Lucke Andrew J. , McDowall Alasdair W. , Bottomley Stephen P. , Fairlie David P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTransformation of proteins and peptides to fibrillar aggregates rich in β sheets underlies many diseases, but mechanistic details of these structural transitions are poorly understood. To simulate aggregation, four equivalents of a water‐soluble, α‐helical (65 %) amphipathic peptide (AEQLLQEAEQLLQEL) were assembled in parallel on an oxazole‐containing macrocyclic scaffold. The resulting 4α‐helix bundle is monomeric and even more α helical (85 %), but it is also unstable at pH 4 and undergoes concentration‐dependent conversion to β‐sheet aggregates and amyloid fibrils. Fibrils twist and grow with time, remaining flexible like rope (>1 μm long, 5–50 nm wide) with multiple strings (2 nm), before ageing to matted fibers. At pH 7 the fibrils revert back to soluble monomeric 4α‐helix bundles. During α→β folding we were able to detect soluble 310 helices in solution by using 2D‐NMR, CD and FTIR spectroscopy. This intermediate satisfies the need for peptide elongation, from the compressed α helix to the fully extended β strand/sheet, and is driven here by 310‐helix aggregation triggered in this case by template‐promoted helical bundling and by hydrogen‐bonding glutamic acid side chains. A mechanism involving α⇌α4⇌(310)4⇌(310)n⇌(β)n⇋m(β)n equilibria is plausible for this peptide and also for peptides lacking hydrogen‐bonding side chains, with unfavourable equilibria slowing the α→β conversion.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Indatraline‐Based Inhibitors for Trypanothione Reductase
Authors: Walton Jeffrey G. A. , Jones Deuan C. , Kiuru Paula , Durie Alastair J. , Westwood Nicholas J. , Fairlamb Alan H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe search for novel compounds of relevance to the treatment of diseases caused by trypanosomatid protozoan parasites continues. Screening of a large library of known bioactive compounds has led to several drug‐like starting points for further optimisation. In this study, novel analogues of the monoamine uptake inhibitor indatraline were prepared and assessed both as inhibitors of trypanothione reductase (TryR) and against the parasiteTrypanosoma brucei. Although it proved difficult to significantly increase the potency of the original compound as an inhibitor of TryR, some insight into the preferred substituent on the amine group and in the two aromatic rings of the parent indatraline was deduced. In addition, detailed mode of action studies indicated that two of the inhibitors exhibit a mixed mode of inhibition.
Varenicline does not alter brain stimulation reward thresholds and reverses nicotine‐facilitated thresholds in rats
Authors: Vann R.E. , Tobey K.M. , Lobe S.L. , Kipps B. , Kwilasz A.J. , Aceto M.D. , Harris L.S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe partial α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, varenicline, shares some but not all preclinical effects of nicotine. This unique profile may be crucial to its effectiveness as a therapeutic aid for smoking cessation. The present study evaluated the ability of varenicline to alter brain stimulation reward (BSR) and to alter nicotine facilitation of BSR in a rate‐independent intracranial self‐stimulation discrete trial procedure. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were stereotaxically implanted with electrodes and trained to respond for direct electrical stimulation aimed at the medial forebrain bundle. Once stable thresholds were established, nicotine, varenicline, and mecamylamine were tested alone to determine their effects on BSR. Subsequently, challenge tests for nicotine facilitation of BSR with nonthreshold altering doses of varenicline and mecamylamine were conducted. This study demonstrated that nicotine dose‐ dependently facilitated BSR, whereas varenicline did not. Similarly to mecamylamine, varenicline reversed nicotine facilitation of BSR, suggesting that nAChRs mediate the effects of nicotine on BSR. Thus, specifically targeting α4β2 nAChRs inhibits the ability of nicotine to facilitate BSR. The efficacy of varenicline as a treatment for smoking cessation may be related to its unique ability to reduce the rewarding effects of nicotine while not producing rewarding effects alone, a critical consideration in effective drug replacement therapies. Drug Dev Res 72: 310–314, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of doublecortin reveals articular chondrocyte lineage in mouse embryonic limbs
Authors: Zhang Qiuyang , Cigan Alexander D. , Marrero Luis , Lopreore Courtney , Liu Sen , Ge Dongxia , Savoie Felix H. , You Zongbing 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe doublecortin (Dcx) gene encodes a microtubule‐binding protein that was originally found in immature neurons. In this study, we used two mouse strains that express reporter genes (LacZ and enhanced green fluorescence protein, respectively) driven by the endogenous Dcx promoter. We found that Dcx was expressed in the mesenchymal cells in the mouse embryonic limb buds. A population of the mesenchymal cells continued Dcx expression after they differentiated into joint interzone cells and then articular chondrocytes. In contrast, the endochondral chondrocytes lost Dcx expression when the mesenchymal cells differentiated into endochondral chondrocytes. These data support a concept that the articular and endochondral chondrocytes originate from the same mesenchymal cells that express Dcx. In contrast to the notion that articular chondrocytes are derived from de‐differentiated endochondral chondrocytes, our findings demonstrate that the lineages of articular and endochondral chondrocytes bifurcate at the stage of endochondral chondrogenesis. genesis 49:75–82, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transpiration, evapotranspiration and energy fluxes in a temperate wetland dominated by Phalaris arundinacea under hot summer conditions
Authors: Rejšková Alžběta , Čížková Hana , Brom Jakub , Pokorný Jan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTranspiration, evapotranspiration and evaporative fraction (EF) were measured in a temperate zone wetland dominated by Phalaris arundinacea L. under extremely high temperature and intense irradiation conditions. The infrared (IR) camera recorded no temperature extremes within the stand, indicating that the stand was capable of regulating the overheating by transpiration. The transpiration rate of individual leaves (measured by the gas‐exchange method) was positively correlated with the water vapour pressure deficit of the air (R2 = 0·56, df = 1, 60, p < 0·001) reaching values of up to 7·8 mmol m−2 s−1 of leaf area. Evapotranspiration of the stand reached values of 5·3 and 5·9 mm day−1 on the 27 and 28 July 2005, respectively. The EF showed that more than one half of the available energy was consumed in the evapotranspiration processes. In the afternoon, the influence of hot air advection was obvious. A strong cooling effect of the wetland was shown. The results support the idea that wetlands sufficiently supplied with water are important in the energy and water budget of drained cultural landscapes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voltammetric Determination of Selected Nitro Compounds at a Polished Silver Solid Amalgam Composite Electrode
Authors: Vyskočil Vlastimil , Navrátil Tomáš , Daňhel Aleš , Dědík Jan , Krejčová Zuzana , Škvorová Lucie , Tvrdíková Jana , Barek Jiří 
Published: December 2010

AbstractVoltammetric behavior of selected biologically active organic nitro compounds, namely 2‐nitrofluorene, picric acid (2,4,6‐trinitrophenol) and metronidazole, has been investigated using direct current voltammetry (DCV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at a polished silver solid amalgam composite electrode (p‐AgSA‐CE). The optimum conditions have been found for their determination in a 1 : 1 mixture of methanol and aqueous Britton–Robinson buffer of pH 5.0 for 2‐nitrofluorene and in the aqueous Britton–Robinson buffer solutions of pH 2.0 and 4.0 for picric acid and metronidazole, respectively, with the limits of quantification (LQs) 4, 0.1 and 2 µmol L−1 (DCV at p‐AgSA‐CE) and 3, 1 and 4 µmol L−1 (DPV at p‐AgSA‐CE) for 2‐nitrofluorene, picric acid and metronidazole, respectively. An attempt to increase the sensitivity using adsorptive stripping voltammetry was not successful for all three test substances. For comparison, the UV‐vis spectrophotometric determinations of studied compounds have also been carried out in methanol for 2‐nitrofluorene (LQ≈1 µmol L−1) and in deionized water for picric acid (LQ≈3 µmol L−1) and metronidazole (LQ≈2 µmol L−1). Practical applicability of the newly developed voltammetric methods was verified on direct determination of the studied compounds in drinking and river waters with LQs around 10−6 mol L−1 for all the studied compounds.
A Label‐Free Amperometric Immunosensor Based on Redox‐Active Ferrocene‐Branched Chitosan/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Conductive Composite and Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Liang Ru‐Ping , Fan Li‐Xia , Huang Dong‐Ming , Qiu Jian‐Ding 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA novel immunosensor has been developed by self‐assembling Au NPs onto a ferrocene‐branched chitosan/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CS‐Fc/MWCNTs) modified electrode for the sensitive determination of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The formation of CS‐Fc effectively avoids the leakage of Fc and retains its electrochemical activity. Incorporation of MWCNTs and Au NPs into CS‐Fc further increases the electrochemical active Fc in the CS films and provides interactive sites for the immobilization of HBsAb. The morphologies and electrochemistry of the formed biofilm were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques. The immunosensor exhibits a specific response to HBsAg in the range of 1.0–420 ng mL−1. Excellent analytical performance, fabrication reproducibility and operational stability of the proposed immunosensor indicated its promising application in clinical diagnostics.
Differential language expertise related to white matter architecture in regions subserving sensory‐motor coupling, articulation, and interhemispheric transfer
Authors: Elmer Stefan , Hänggi Jürgen , Meyer Martin , Jäncke Lutz 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe technique of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used to investigate alterations in white matter architecture following long‐term training and expertise. Professional simultaneous interpreters (SI) provide an ideal model for the investigation of training‐induced plasticity due to the high demands placed on sound to motor mapping mechanisms, which are vital for executing fast interpretations. In line with our hypothesis, we found clusters with decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the SI group in brain regions previously shown to support sensory‐motor coupling mechanisms and speech articulation (cluster extent family‐wise error corrected, P < 0.01). Furthermore, we found an altered white matter architecture indicated by lower FA values in the SI group in the most anterior and posterior parts of the corpus callosum. Our results suggest that language expertise is accompanied by plastic adaptations in regions strongly involved in motor aspects of speech and in interhemispheric information transfer. These results have implications for our understanding of language expertise in relation to white matter adaptations. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.