bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticipatory grieving among parents living with a child with cancer
Authors: Al‐Gamal Ekhlas , Long Tony 
Published: July 2010

al‐gamal e. & long t. (2010) Anticipatory grieving among parents living with a child with cancer. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(9), 1980–1990.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a comparative study of anticipatory grief of parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer and those whose children were diagnosed 6–12 months earlier.Background.  Public perceptions of cancer as a fatal illness persist despite improved prognosis for children. Parents may experience feelings of despair, hopelessness, and worthlessness – the most common psychological expressions of anticipatory grief. With a focus on developing more effective therapeutic intervention, healthcare professionals have developed greater interest in the concept of anticipatory grief.Method.  One hundred and forty parents, divided between ‘newly diagnosed’ and ‘6–12 months after diagnosis’ groups, were recruited in 2006 from two hospitals representative of the healthcare sector in Jordan. Structured interviews were conducted to assess anticipatory grief, using the Marwit and Meuser Caregiver Inventory: Childhood Cancer. Analysis was performed using t‐tests.Results.  Fewer than half of the parents in both groups reported being at peace with themselves and their situation in life. Parents of newly diagnosed children reported more severe anticipatory grief responses than those in the second group. No statistically significant differences were found in responses between mothers and fathers.Conclusion.  Healthcare professionals should encourage parents to discuss negative feelings related to their child’s illness and potential outcome. Hospital policies need to include the provision and promotion of support group services for parents, and nurses should encourage parents to exploit such services.
Distance‐responsive natural enemies strongly influence seedling establishment patterns of multiple species in an Amazonian rain forest
Authors: Swamy Varun , Terborgh John W. 
Published: July 2010

Summary1. In a faunally intact lowland Amazonian rain forest stand, we conducted a long‐term multi‐species experiment aimed at determining the primary mechanistic basis of seedling establishment patterns. We deployed a total of 1050 experimental seedlings, representing 11 common tree species in mixed compositions and at fixed, highly elevated densities in shaded understorey sites, representing extremes of distance from large conspecific trees. We used mesh exclosures to isolate the effects of distinct classes of natural enemies, and monitored survival for up to 45 months.2. Final seedling survival of all species pooled represented a 40% increase at sites located far from (‘F’ sites) versus close to (‘N’ sites) large conspecific trees, and median seedling lifetime was 75% longer. These differences between N and F sites were significant for all species pooled, and for five out of 11 (survivorship) and four out of nine (lifetime) individual species examined. Survival analysis based on multiple censuses revealed that a ‘distance effect’ persisted and intensified over time, with the onset of significant distance‐related differential mortality differing amongst species.3. The use of mesh exclosures (<2 mm mesh size) and a factorial experimental design revealed that host‐specific organisms <2 mm in size and/or below‐ground soil‐borne organisms are more strongly distance‐responsive and depress seedling establishment primarily in the vicinity of large conspecific adults whereas above‐ground organisms >2 mm in size appear to have a negative impact on seedling establishment at all distances.4. No evidence was found for the effect of intra‐cohort resource competition on seedling establishment even though initial density of experimental seedlings at all sites was elevated toc.25 times the mean natural density of the mixed‐species seedling layer in this forest.5. Synthesis. Our study provides strong, multi‐species support for the influence of host‐specific distance‐responsive natural enemies on seedling establishment, and suggests that negative density‐dependent patterns of tree recruitment in tropical rain forests are at least partly produced at early life stages as an outcome of processes described by the classic Janzen–Connell model.
Orexin‐B‐saporin lesions in the lateral hypothalamus enhance photic masking of rapid eye movement sleep in the albino rat
Authors: OCAMPO‐GARCÉS ADRIÁN , IBÁÑEZ FRANCISCO , PERDOMO GUETÓN , TORREALBA FERNANDO 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe 24‐h distribution of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is known to be deeply reshaped among albino rats with neurotoxic lesions in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) or among rodent models of human narcolepsy–cataplexy, with selective damage of orexinergic neurones. We explored the hypothesis that this phenomenon is explained by an enhancement of REM sleep photic masking, as a consequence of damage in the LH. Orexin‐B‐saporin neurotoxic lesions were induced in the LH of male Sprague–Dawley rats. LH‐lesioned and control rats were sleep‐recorded successively under 12 : 12 light/dark (LD) and skeleton photoperiod. Compared to controls, lesioned rats exhibited 50% less and 82% more REM sleep during rest and active phases, respectively, under the 12 : 12 LD schedule. After transference to a skeleton photoperiod, lesioned rats exhibited an 88% increase in REM sleep during the rest phase, recovering the characteristic rest phase preference of REM sleep observed among control rats. The increase in rest phase REM sleep during the skeleton photoperiod was correlated positively with the magnitude of the LH lesion. Our results suggest that changes in the temporal organization of sleep–wake states observed among rats with neurotoxic lesions in the lateral hypothalamus and rodent models of narcolepsy–cataplexy may be explained by the enhancement of photic masking.
Antibodies from sheep immunized against Haemonchus contortus with H‐gal‐GP inhibit the haemoglobinase activity of this protease complex
Authors: EKOJA S. E. , SMITH W. D. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryHighly protective intestinal cell membrane antigens have been prepared from Haemonchus contortus, an important blood feeding nematode which parasitizes sheep and goats. One such antigen, H‐gal‐GP, is a glycoprotein complex containing predominantly digestive proteases. This study showed that H‐gal‐GP readily digested ovine haemoglobin and albumin, the two most abundant proteins in the parasite’s blood meal. It was found that adding protective antibodies from H‐gal‐GP immunized sheep to the H‐gal‐GP catalysed haemoglobin digestion reaction, reduced the rate by 70–90% at pH 5·0. This reduction was only 30% when nonprotective IgG from sheep immunized with denatured H‐gal‐GP was added and IgG from worm‐free sheep had no effect. These results support the theory that the mechanism of protection in sheep vaccinated with H‐gal‐GP is by specific antibodies impairing the parasites ability to digest its blood meal.
Malasseziadermatitis in dogs in Brazil: diagnosis, evaluation of clinical signs and molecular identification
Authors: Machado Mauro L.S. , Ferreiro Laerte , Ferreira Rafael R. , Corbellini Luis G. , Deville Manjula , Berthelemy Madeleine , Guillot Jacques 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSkin carriage and quantification ofMalasseziayeasts were evaluated in 180 healthy dogs (group 1) and 117 dogs with clinical signs (pruritus, erythema, lichenification/seborrhoea, excoriations and alopecia) that could be related toMalasseziadermatitis (group 2) in Brazil. The lesions in the group 2 dogs were evaluated using CADESI‐03 scores. Samples were collected from five different anatomical areas. Direct examination was performed using the tape strip technique, and results were expressed as the mean number of yeasts per ×1000 microscopic field per dog. For mycological culture, a single piece of sterilized carpet was applied to the same areas sampled for cytology, and transferred onto Dixon’s modified medium. Yeast populations were expressed as mean colony forming units (CFU)/plate.Malasseziaisolates were characterized by polymerase chain reaction–restriction endonuclease analysis of the large subunit (LSU) of ribosomal RNA gene. The probability of culturingMalasseziafrom dogs with skin lesions was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than from healthy dogs. There was a linear trend between CADESI‐03 score and mean CFU/plate. Group 2 dogs with positive cultures had higher CADESI‐03 scores than those with negative cultures (P < 0.05). Almost all isolates were identified asMalassezia pachydermatis. Only one isolate (group 2) was identified asMalassezia furfur. These data suggest that dogs with skin disorders harbouringMalasseziayeasts in quantities higher than 120 mean CFU/plate should be considered as havingMalasseziadermatitis. The presence ofMalasseziaappears to exacerbate clinical lesions in dogs.
Patient satisfaction and cancer‐related distress among unselected Jewish women undergoing genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2
Authors: Metcalfe KA , Poll A , Llacuachaqui M , Nanda S , Tulman A , Mian N , Sun P , Narod SA 
Published: July 2010

Metcalfe KA, Poll A, Llacuachaqui M, Nanda S, Tulman A, Mian N, Sun P, Narod SA. Patient satisfaction and cancer‐related distress among unselected Jewish women undergoing genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2.It is not known to what extent participation in a genetic testing program for BRCA1 and BRCA2, which does not include an extensive pre‐test counselling session, influences cancer‐related distress, cancer risk perception and patient satisfaction. Unselected Jewish women in Ontario were offered genetic testing for three common Jewish BRCA mutations. Before testing and 1‐year post‐testing, the women completed questionnaires which assessed cancer‐related distress, cancer risk perception, and satisfaction. A total of 2080 women enrolled in the study; of these, 1516 (73%) completed a 1‐year follow‐up questionnaire. In women with a BRCA mutation, the mean breast cancer risk perception increased from 41.1% to 59.6% after receiving a positive genetic test result (p = 0.002). Among non‐carriers, breast cancer risk perception decreased slightly, from 35.8% to 33.5% (p = 0.08). The mean level of cancer‐related distress increased significantly for women with a BRCA mutation, but did not change in women without a mutation; 92.8% expressed satisfaction with the testing process. The results of this study suggest that the majority of Jewish women who took part in population genetic screening for BRCA1 and BRCA2 were satisfied with the delivery of genetic testing and would recommend testing to other Jewish women. However, women with a BRCA mutation experienced increased levels of cancer‐related distress.
Specific IgE of common foods in Chinese children with eczema
Authors: Hon Kam L. E. , Chan Iris H.‐S. , Chow Chung‐Mo , Wang Shuxin S. , Lam Christopher W.‐K. , Ng Pak‐Cheung , Leung Ting‐fan 
Published: July 2010

To cite this article: Hon KLE, Chan IH‐S, Chow C‐M, Wang SS, Lam CW‐K, Ng P‐C, Leung T‐F. Specific IgE of common foods in Chinese children with eczema. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2011: 22: 50–53.AbstractFood atopy is important but inadequately studied among children with atopic dermatitis (AD). We evaluated whether any association existed between AD severity, quality of life, total IgE, eosinophil counts, and the number of food items sensitized. Specific IgE of ten common food items was measured for a group of consecutive AD patients (n = 85) enrolled during a randomized trial and correlated the findings with eczema severity. Twenty‐four patients (28%) were negative for any of the ten common food items. The most commonly sensitized foods were shrimp (54%), egg white (43%), wheat (42%), and peanut (41%). Atopy to beef as a protein and orange as a fruit were least common among the food items studied, even among patients positive for 8–9 IgE items. Patients with severe AD (objective SCORAD > 40) were more likely to be positive for at least one of the food items (Yates corrected p = 0.024 for ≥1 food‐specific IgE in severe vs. moderate AD, OR 3.42 and 95% CI 1.15–10.32); and for at least seven of the food items (p = 0.001 for ≥7 food‐specific IgE vs. nil with OR 11.67 and 95% CI 2.29–67.77), respectively. The Spearman coefficients between the number of positive food‐specific IgE and total SCORAD, objective SCORAD, area of AD involvement, Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI), total IgE levels, and eosinophil counts were 0.42 (p < 0.001), 0.45 (p < 0.001), 0.50 (p < 0.001), 0.17 (p = 0.116), 0.80 (p < 0.001), and 0.22 (p = 0.043), respectively. Specific IgE levels for beef correlated with all the other food‐specific IgE levels, including cow’s milk (ρ = 0.061, p < 0.001) and soy (ρ = 0.70, p < 0.001). The number of common food items sensitized correlated with disease severity, extent, and total IgE levels. IgE sensitization to beef protein is unlikely in the majority of children with AD, but its serum IgE level is associated with disease severity and risk of sensitization to other foods.
Exposure to air pollution in critical prenatal time windows and IgE levels in newborns
Authors: Herr Caroline E. W. , Ghosh Rakesh , Dostal Miroslav , Skokanova Venuse , Ashwood Paul , Lipsett Michael , Joad Jesse P. , Pinkerton Kent E. , Yap Poh‐Sin , Frost Joshua D. , Sram Radim , Hertz‐Picciotto Irva 
Published: July 2010

To cite this article: Herr CEW, Ghosh R, Dostal M, Skokanova V, Ashwood P, Lipsett M, Joad JP, Pinkerton KE, Yap P‐S, Frost JD, Sram R, Hertz‐Picciotto I. Exposure to air pollution in critical prenatal time windows and IgE levels in newborns. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2011: 22: 75–84.AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyze the mechanisms by which exposure to ambient air pollutants influences respiratory health may include altered prenatal immune development. To analyze associations between elevated cord serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and maternal air pollution exposure during each month of gestation. Total cord serum IgE was determined by the CAP system and mothers’ total IgE levels by nephelometry for 459 births in the Czech Republic from May 1994 to mid‐January 1997. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and particulate matter <2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) were measured in ambient air, and arithmetic means were calculated for each gestational month. Log binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) for elevated cord serum IgE (≥0.9 IU/ml) adjusting for district of residence, year of birth, and in further models, for maternal IgE (a surrogate for atopy) and gestational season. Heterogeneity by maternal atopy status was evaluated for associations of air pollution and of cigarette smoke. In adjusted models, PAH and PM2.5 exposures in the second month of gestation were each associated with a lower prevalence of elevated cord serum IgE. For an average increase of 100 ng/m3 of PAHs, the PR was 0.69 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50, 0.95); for 25 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, the PR was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.55, 1.07). Conversely, exposures later in gestation were associated with a higher prevalence of elevated cord IgE: in the fifth month, the PR for PAH exposure was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.29, 2.08), while for PM2.5 in the sixth month, it was 1.66 (95% CI: 1.30, 2.13). In analyses stratified by maternal atopy, air pollutants were associated with altered cord serum IgE only among neonates with non‐atopic mothers. Similarly, an association of cigarette smoke with elevated cord serum IgE was found only in non‐atopic mothers. PAHs and PM2.5, constituents of both ambient air pollution and cigarette smoke, appear to influence fetal immune development, particularly among infants whose mothers are not atopic.
Long‐term outcomes of pediatric living donor liver transplantation at a single institution
Authors: Oh Seak Hee , Kim Kyung Mo , Kim Dae Yeon , Lee Yeoun Joo , Rhee Kang Won , Jang Joo Young , Chang Soo Hee , Lee Sun Youn , Kim Joon‐Sung , Choi Bo Hwa , Park Sung‐Jong , Yoon Chong Hyun , Ko Gi‐Young , Sung Kyu‐Bo , Hwang Gyu‐Sam , Choi Kyu‐Taek , Yu Eunsil , Song Gi‐Won , Ha Tae‐Yong , Moon Deok‐Bog , Ahn Chul‐Soo , Kim Ki‐Hun , Hwang Shin , Park Kwang‐Min , Lee Young‐Joo , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: July 2010

Oh SH, Kim KM, Kim DY, Lee YJ, Rhee KW, Jang JY, Chang SH, Lee SY, Kim J‐S, Choi BH, Park S‐J, Yoon CH, Ko G‐Y, Sung K‐B, Hwang G‐S, Choi K‐T, Yu E, Song G‐W, Ha T‐Y, Moon D‐B, Ahn C‐S, Kim K‐H, Hwang S, Park K‐M, Lee Y‐J, Lee S‐G. Long‐term outcomes of pediatric living donor liver transplantation at a single institution. Pediatr Transplantation 2010: 14:870–878. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  There have only been a few studies on the long‐term outcomes and prognostic factors after pediatric LDLT. We conducted a retrospective, single‐center assessment of the outcomes as well as the demographic and clinical factors that influenced the poor outcomes in 113 children aged <16 (median age 21 months; 6 months–15.5 yr) who underwent 115 LDLTs, predominantly for biliary atresia (60.9%) and FHF (14.8%), between 1994 and 2006 at Asan Medical Center. Left lateral segment or left lobe grafts were implanted into most of these children (86.9%) according to routine procedures. The overall rates of graft survival at one, five, and 10 yr were 89.6%, 83.0%, and 81.5%, respectively, and the overall rates of patient survival were 92.9%, 86.3%, and 84.8%, respectively. Virus‐related disease (41.2%) and chronic rejection (29.4%) were the major causes of mortality. On multivariate analysis, UNOS status 1a and 1b and chronic rejection were significant risk factors for both graft and patient loss, whereas the PELD score >25 was a significant risk factor for graft loss. Patient and graft survival may be related not only to post‐operative complications, but also to the patient’s preoperative clinical condition.
Morphine, opioids, and the feline pulmonary vascular bed
Authors: KAYE A. D. , HOOVER J. M. , KAYE A. J. , IBRAHIM I. N. , FOX C. , BAJWA A. , ANWAR M. , FIELDS A. M. , BALUCH A. , HUFFMAN S. , CHILIAN W. 
Published: July 2010

Background: Opioid‐induced vasodepressor responses have been reported in a variety of species and laboratory models. The aim of this study was to ascertain the relative potencies of different clinically relevant opioids compared with traditional vasodepressor agents in the feline pulmonary vascular bed. A second aim was to study the effects of morphine and to identify the receptors involved in the mediation or the modulation of these effects.Methods: This was a prospective vehicle‐controlled study involving an intact chest preparation of adult mongrel cats. The effects of various opioids, morphine, fentanyl, remifentanil, sufentanil, and meperidine were compared with other vasodepressor agents. Additionally, the effects of l‐N5‐(1‐iminoethyl) ornithine hydrochloride (l‐NIO) (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), nimesulide [selective cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitor], glibenclamide (ATP‐sensitive K+ channel blocker), naloxone (non‐selective opioid receptor antagonist), and diphenhydramine (histamine H1‐receptor antagonist) were investigated on pulmonary arterial responses to morphine and other selected agonists in the feline pulmonary vascular bed. The systemic pressure and lobar arterial perfusion pressure were continuously monitored, electronically averaged, and recorded.Results: In the cat pulmonary vascular bed of the isolated left lower lobe, morphine, remifentanil, fentanyl, sufentanil, and meperidine induced a dose‐dependent moderate vasodepressor response and it appeared that sufentanil was the most potent on a nanomolar basis. The effects of morphine were not significantly altered after administration of l‐NIO, nimesulide, and glibenclamide. However, the vascular responses to morphine were significantly attenuated following administration of naloxone and diphenhydramine.Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that sufentanil appears to have slightly more potency and morphine the least of the five opioid agonists studied on a nanomolar basis. Morphine‐induced vasodilatory responses appeared to be mediated or modulated by both opioid receptor and histamine‐receptor‐sensitive pathways.
Apoptosis and Bcl‐2 Protein Expression in Human Placenta over the Course of Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Soni S. , Rath G. , Prasad C. P. , Salhan S. , Saxena S. , Jain A. K. 
Published: July 2010

With 2 figures and 2 tablesSummaryApoptosis plays a central role in organ development, homeostasis and immune defence in multicellular organisms and is strictly controlled in part by members of Bcl‐2 family. The Bcl‐2 is a pro‐survival molecule identified through its involvement in B‐cell lymphomas. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of apoptosis in the human placenta at different stages of pregnancy and to correlate it further with Bcl‐2 expression. A total of 96 placental samples from first trimester, mid‐trimester and uncomplicated term pregnancies were collected (n = 32 + 32 + 32). M30 cyto death monoclonal antibody was used to identify apoptotic cells. The apoptosis index of first trimester placentae was 2.33 ± 1.70, mid‐ trimester was 1.77 ± 1.36 and term placenta was 1.15 ± 0.21. Bcl‐2 protein was found immunolocalized in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblast. Apoptosis index was significantly reduced in term cases as compared with first trimester (P < 0.002) and mid‐trimester placentae (P = 0.01). On the contrary, Bcl‐2 expression was significantly higher at term cases than in first trimester (P < 0.0001) and mid‐trimester cases (P < 0.001). The present study divulges the importance of apoptosis in permitting normal physiological turnover of villous trophoblast and also exhibits the contribution of bcl‐2 in maintaining syncytial integrity throughout normal pregnancy.
Effect of Preserving Condition of Porcine Ovaries on the Development of In Vitro Matured Oocytes
Authors: Lin Y‐A , Tsai H‐B , Liao M‐H , Chen M‐C 
Published: July 2010

ContentsThe effect of preservation condition of ovaries on the in vitro maturation of the porcine oocytes was studied. Cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) were obtained from the ovaries preserved in Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution at various temperatures for different time intervals, and cultured in M199 maturation medium. Matured oocytes were obtained from the ovaries preserved in PBS for 8 h and electrically activated. The activated oocytes were then cultured in NCSU23 embryo culture medium for 16 h to observe activation or 144 h to observe embryo development. It was found that the preservation temperature affected the maturation of porcine oocytes greatly. The effect was described as a compromise of the suppressions of autolysis at physiological temperature and frostbite because of low temperature. A preservation temperature of approximately 25°C showed the maximum maturation rate for a preservation time of 8 h. Preservation temperature also affected the activation and embryo development of porcine oocytes greatly, following a trend similar to the effect of preservation temperature on the maturation. Based on maturation rate, activation rate and cleavage rate, a preservation temperature of approximately 25°C would be optimum for a preservation time of 8 h.