bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MILD DIABETES IN YOUNG SUBJECTS
Authors: Johansen Klaus 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe clinical aspects and the plasma insulin response patterns in young subjects with mild diabetes are described. Young subjects with mild diabetes have no or very few symptoms and can be controlled by diet or oral antidiabetic drugs. The mild diabetics are divided into two groups according to the fasting blood glucose concentration. Subjects having anormalfasting blood glucose concentration but a diabetic glucose tolerance test are calledjuvenile glucose tolerance test diabeticsand those withelevatedfasting blood glucose concentration and a diabetic glucose tolerance test are designatedmild juvenile diabetics.It is demonstrated that juvenile glucose tolerance test diabetics have a normal plasma insulin response after i.v. glucose and tolbutamide. The plasma insulin response to oral glucose, however, is weak and slow in comparison to non‐diabetics. In contradistinction, mild juvenile diabetics exhibit a weak and delayed plasma insulin response both to i.v. and oral glucose and to i.v. tolbutamide. In comparison with classic juvenile diabetics, juvenile glucose tolerance test diabetics and mild juvenile diabetics have a much higher plasma insulin level during the tests.
LATE RISE IN SGPT AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Erhardt L. R. , Sjögren A. , Säwe U. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. The present study draws attention to a late rise in SGPT following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) beginning about 4 days after the SGOT max. This observation is illustrated by an investigation of 7 patients, selected because of this finding, and 7 controls, also with an AMI, but without this enzyme pattern. Peak SGOT and LDH enzyme levels during the acute phase were similar in the two groups. The late SGPT rise was associated with high serum alkaline phosphatases 2 weeks after the AMI, but not 5–9 months later. Two weeks after onset of symptoms BSP excretion was commonly impaired but failed to separate the two groups. In contrast to the controls, BSP excretion was significantly improved at reinvestigation 5–9 months after the AMI in the group with the SGPT rise. 17) and can at times jeopardise the serum enzyme diagnosis of AMI (4, 5).The present investigation of patients with AMI was initiated by repeated observations of a late rise in SGPT beginning about a week after onset of symptoms and exceeding simultaneous SGOT values. This rise was usually not accompanied by a rise in SGOT and was therefore assumed not to reflect reinfarction, nor was there any clinical evidence of this being the case. In an attempt to clarify this enzyme rise a further evaluation was made of hepatic function in 14 patients with AMI, 7 with and 7 without this enzyme rise.
CELL VOLUME REGULATION IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIC INJURY*
Authors: Jennings Robert B. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThin freehand slices of left ventricular papillary muscle of the dog, exhibit good cell volume regulation when incubated at 37° for 60 minutes in oxygenated Krebs Ringer phosphate solution. The fine structure of the cells is maintained throughout the incubation. This in vitro system was developed in order to test the capacity of myocardial cells irreversibly injured by 60 minutes of ischemia to maintain cell volume. The results showed that irreversibly damaged cells were unable to maintain volume. They swelled markedly, lost Mg2+ and K+ and exhibited structural defects in the plasma membrane of the sarcolemma. These observations establish that loss of cell volume regulation is one of the early events associated with the development of irreversibility in severe myocardial ischemic injury.
The value of an oscilloscope in routine checking of pacemakers
Authors: EDHAG O. , FAGRELL B. , SJOGREN A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. An evaluation has been made of the usefulness of the oscilloscope at routine check‐ups of cardiac pacemakers. Measurements of 100 consecutive implanted pacemakers, obtained after their removal have been compared with changes in rate and changes in impulse duration and amplitude obtained at previous routine controls. Other changes in pacemaker characteristics have also been evaluated.Eight faulty pacemakers were found. Six had a decreased voltage, none however, less than 3.5 volts. Five of them had shown a decrease in rate by at least 7 impulses per minute, while in one QRS‐synchronized pacemaker the synchronizing circuit did not function. In one pacemaker the stimulating rate had increased with 20 impulses while in one P‐synchronized pacemaker the delay time had decreased.In 6 patients a significant decrease of the impulse amplitude was noticed without fall in voltage or electronic failure and in 3 others no decrease of the impulse duration was noticed in spite of decreased voltage at check after explantation.The present study therefore indicates that, at routine check‐ups of the presently analyzed pacemakers with voltage depending stimulation rate, an analysis of the latter gives satisfactory information of pacemaker function and can be used instead of oscilloscope test, eventually in combination with electronic measurements of impulse duration.
SITE AND MODE OF ACTION OF CLONIDINE IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Paakkari Ilari , Karppanen Heikki , Paakkari Pirkko 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.In urethane‐anaesthetized rats clonidine was administered intravenously (i.v.), intra‐cerebroventricularly (Lev.) or onto the surface of the area postrema which protrudes into the fourth cerebral ventricle. In each Instance clonidine induced a dose‐dependent lowering of the blood pressure. The region of the area postrema appears to be the most sensitive site for the action of clonidine so far studied. In order to obtain similar blood pressure effects, approximately 8 times higher amounts were needed i.c.v., and about 80 times higher amounts i.v., than onto the surface of the area postrema.A pretreatment of the rats with the specific histamine H2‐receptor blocking drug, metiamide (4.5 μmoles/rat i.c.v.) shifted the dose‐response curve of clonidine (i.c.v.) to the right.The results suggest that clonidine exerts its hypotensive effect in the rat via a stimulation of histamine H2‐receptors in, or in the vicinity of, the area postrema.
Long‐term Aspects on Essential Hypertension
Authors: Liljefors Ingvar 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Hypertension has been found to imply a disease entity since the beginning of this century. Effective treatment available in the last two decades has changed the outlook remarkably, especially in malignant hypertension.There are more and more evidence that less severe forms of hypertension will benefit from keeping the blood pressure under control.
BODY COMPOSITION IN 70‐YEAR‐OLD MALES AND FEMALES IN GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN A POPULATION STUDY
Authors: Steen B. , Bruce Å. , Isaksson B. , Lewin T. , Svanborg A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this substudy within the population study “70‐year‐old people in Gothenburg, Sweden” were to determine the body composition of the probands and to clarify possible relationships between results of these body compartment determinations and more simple somatometric variables. The cross‐sectional data will be used as a basis for a prospective longitudinal geriatric/gerontological study. The subsample comprised 66 males and 76 females, of whom 49 males and 56 females underwent a complete examination. The probands examined were considered representative of the 70‐year‐old population in Gothenburg. Total body potassium was estimated by using a whole body counter and total body water with an isotope dilution technique using tritiated water as a tracer. Body cell mass, intracellular and extracellular water, body fat and fat‐free extracellular solids were then calculated from body weight, total body potassium and total body water using certain assumptions, the relevance of which in this age group is discussed. Average values of body weight were 76.2 kg and 66.3 kg, of body cell mass 28.1 kg and 20.3 kg and of body fat 12.5 kg and 18.1 kg in males and females, respectively. It was possible from body weight and subscapular skinfold in males and from body weight, thigh and triceps skinfold in females to reach a proportion of explained variance of body fat of 58 per cent and 76 per cent, respectively. There was a good correlation between body fat and the difference between body weight and “ideal body weight” as defined by Lindberg and collaborators, 1956. A preliminary comparison between the current data and corresponding data from cross‐sectional studies of middle‐aged individuals in Gothenburg showed that the amount of fat was similar in the two age groups. Body cell mass seemed to be of the same order of magnitude in 70‐year‐old as in middle‐aged females, but showed a lesser value in 70‐year‐old than in middle‐aged males.
Overweight in Women—Metabolic Aspects
Authors: Noppa Henry , Bengtsson Calle , Björntorp Per , Smith Ulf , Tibblin Elisabeth 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. In a population sample of 1462 women aged 38–60 years, those with overweight were studied separately and compared with the women in the total population sample. Overweight was defined as the upper 5% of a weight index in the various ages studied and the weight index asbody weight (kg) * 100/body height (cm)‐100.Significant differences, with higher values in the overweight women, were found for serum triglycerides, serum uric acid and arterial BP. Smoking was significantly less common in the overweight women. Serum cholesterol was similar in overweight women and in women in the total sample. Higher values for some risk factors for ischaemic heart disease in the overweight group of women thus seemed to be compensated to some extent by a lower number of smokers in this group.
The predictive value of myocardial scintigraphy with 99mtechnetium pyrophosphate in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Höilund‐Carlsen P. F. , Badskjær J. , Hertz J. Boëtius , Sørensen O. Helmer , Christiansen I. , Uhrenhoidt A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMyocardial scintigraphy with 99mtechnetium‐pyrophosphate was performed in two selected groups of patients, consisting of 20 who had acute myocardial infarction (AMI) clinically and 18 who had no AMI clinically. The purpose was to estimate the value of this method in the detection or disproof of AMI compared with usual procedures (ECG and serum enzyme determination — GO‐transaminase and α1‐fraction of LDH).Each of the 20 patients with clinical AMI had positive scintigrams. There were no false‐negative findings. Out of 18 without AMI, 15 had negative scintigrams; in the other 3, scintigraphic findings were false‐positive.The prevalence of AMI among patients admitted to the cardiological department was 0.39. In this population of patients, the calculated predictive value of a positive scintigram was 0.80, whereas the predictive value of a negative was 1.0. In patients admitted to the coronary care unit, the prevalence of AMI was 0.51; the corresponding predictive values of a positive scintigram was 0.86 and of a negative 1.0.The identity between scintigraphic and electrocardiographic infarct localization was good. Infarct size estimated by scintigraphy was not significantly correlated to the maximum elevation of serum enzyme concentration.In patients suspected of having AMI, it is highly probable that a negative scintigram obtained from day 2 to day 6 after the onset of symptoms will rule out the presence of acute myocardial infarction.
TSH and Thyroid Stimulating Antibodies (TSAb) Activate Thyroid Adenylate Cyclase through Different Pathways
Authors: Madsen Stig Nistrup , Bech Karine 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Adenylate cyclase activity in human thyroid homogenates was studied after stimulation with thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb). The results show:

TSAb prepared from different patients with Graves' disease show different adenylate cyclase activation patterns and a lag phase is frequently observed.
TSH and TSAb appear to cause mutually inhibitory activation of thyroid adenylate cyclase.
The maximal adenylate cyclase activation is higher with TSH than with TSAb, but this could possibly be due to contamination of TSAb preparations with an adenylate cyclase inhibitor.
There is no absolute copurification of TSH sensitive and TSAb sensitive adenylate cyclase in various subcellular fractions of thyroid homogenate.
Incubation of thyroid homogenate with cortisol cause a dose dependent decrease in the adenylate cyclase response to TSAb whereas the response to TSH is either increased or unchanged.

The results indicate that TSH and TSAb activate thyroid adenylate cyclase through different pathways in the plasma membrane.
HEMODYNAMIC AND HORMONAL CHANGES INDUCED BY NOISE
Authors: Andrén Lennart , Hansson Lennart , Björkman Martin , Jonsson Anders , Borg Karl Olof 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTEighteen healthy male volunteers with normal hearing were exposed to industrial noise at different sound levels (75, 85 and 95 dB A) in a noise laboratory. Blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output were recorded with noninvasive techniques. Adrenaline and noradrenaline concentration in venous plasma were analyzed before and during noise exposure. The mean resting blood pressure of the whole group was 120/70 mm Hg. During noise stimulation diastolic blood pressure increased (12.2%, p < 0.001) as did mean arterial pressure (6.6%, p < 0.001) and total peripheral resistance (12.7%, p < 0.001). Stroke volume (7.3%, p < 0.001) and cardiac output (5.0%, p < 0.01) were both reduced at 95 dB A.Heart rate and systolic blood pressure did not change significantly. At 75 and 85 dB A there were similar but smaller changes in the hemodynamic parameters.There were no changes in adrenaline and noradrenaline in plasma during maximal noise exposure.The noise induced hemodynamic changes remained 5 minutes after the noise stimulation was stopped but had disappeared after 10 minutes of rest.
INFLUENCE OF PHARMACOLOGIC INTERVENTION AND VALVULAR HEART DISEASE ON LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION PHASE INDICES: A REVIEW.
Authors: HAGAN A.D. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTEchocardiography represents an established noninvasive technique to evaluate left ventricular (LV) performance. The LV ejection phase indices may be divided into three categories: (1) volume‐dependent, (2) circumferential, and (3) wall thickening. Since the latter two are not volume dependent, they are clinically more useful in patients with dilated left ventricles. These parameters have limited clinical value in the presence of left‐sided volume overload conditions (e g, mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation) since significant LV dysfunction may exist in the presence of normal ejection phase indices by echo. The echocardiogram is also a sensitive procedure to detect subtle alterations in LV function following acute or chronic interventions with various types of vasoactive and inotropic drugs.
A RENAL BIOPSY STUDY wITH LIGHT AND IMMUNO‐FLUORESCENT MICROSCOPY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHERITIS
Authors: Ørjavik O. , Brodwall E. K. , Øystese B. , Natvig J. B. , Mellbye O. J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTRenal biopsies were performed on 14 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and proteinuria of whom 7 patients had reduced creatinine clearance.Glomerular hypercellularity was found in six and amyloid in seven biopsies. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed glomerular deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in 10 of 12 biopsies, indicating an active immunologic process causing the impaired renal function.
CORONARY RISK FACTORS AND PHYSICAL FITNESS IN HEALTHY MIDDLE‐AGED MEN
Authors: Erikssen Jan , Forfang Kolbjørn , Jervell Jak 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIn 1832 healthy men aged 40–59 years subjected to a near maximal bicycle exercise test, physical fitness declined with age. Higher levels of physical fitness were in all agegroups associated with lower cigarette consumption, blood pressure, serum triglycerides, hemoglobin and with better pulmonary function. Serum cholesterol, however, was independent of changes in physical fitness. In view of the beneficial effect of high physical acitivty on the well‐known coronary risk factors, it is surprising that it has proved so difficult to show a protective effect of increased physical fitness and activity on coronary heart disease and its manifestations.
STUDIES ON DIGITALIS 15. BIOAVAILABILITY OF DIGITOXIN
Authors: Storstein Liv , Johnsgård Marit 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe bioavailability of one Norwegian (NAF) and one Swedish (ACO) commercial digitoxin brand was studied in 6 healthy control subjects, aged 26–43 years, 3 females and 3 males and compared with data after intravenous injection to the same subjects. Digitoxin (0.6 mg) was given as tablets or injection in the fasting state. A standard breakfast was given after 1/2 hour and a standard lunch after 3 1/2 hours. Blood samples were drawn after 0, 30, 60, 90 minutes and 2, 3, 4, 6 and 24 hours. Serum digitoxin concentrations were determined with a modified86Rb method. In vitro dissolution of tablets was tested according to United States Pharmacopeia (USP) recommendations. Peak concentrations observed 60 minutes after tablet intake were significantly higher after intravenous than peroral administration. The area under the serum concentration curve (AUC) during the first 24 hours was significnatly lower after NAF (84.7%), and ACO (89.7%) tablets than after intravenous injection. Absolute bioavailability for the two digitoxin brands, when AUC was calculated unto infinity was 90.6% for NAF and 91.2% for ACO tablets. Dissolution rate met USP requirements for both brands, dissolution being complete after 60 minutes.The present study has shown high bioavailability of two commercially available Scandinavian digitoxin brands.
Determination of Electrolytes—Methodological Problems
Authors: Bergström Jonas 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo avoid errors in plasma potassium determination clenching of the fist should be avoided and heparinized blood should be used. The patient should be fasting and samples taken at the same time of the day. When evaluating intracellular potassium from plasma potassium acid based status should be considered. The clinical status should also be considered, since severely ill patients may have a low transmembrane potential leading to loss of cell potassium and increase in plasma potassium. Measurements of exchangable sodium and potassium with radioactive tracers or whole body potassium (40K) are inprecise for determination of absolute cellular concentrations but more suitable for longitudinal studies. Determination of red cell electrolytes is of limited value, since these cells are not typical for the body cells. Electrolyte determination in leukocytes may give more accurate information. Muscle water and electrolytes can be determined in needle biopsy material. The concentration of intracellular electrolytes are expressed in relation to different bases of reference (FFS, GFFS, alkali‐soluble protein, phosphorous, and intracellular water); the advantages and fallacies in using these references are discussed.
Magnesium Deficiency. Etiology and Clinical Spectrum
Authors: Flink Edmund B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMagnesium deficiency may complicate many diseases. The causes include the following: inadequate intake during starvation or increased requirement during early childhood, pregnancy, or lactation; excessive losses of magnesium as a result of malabsorption from the gastrointestinal tract or from the kidneys during use of diuretics; and to a combination of the two, as in alcoholism. Most often the etiological factors have been operative for a month or more. Acute hypo‐magnesemia can occur without previous Mg deficiency after epinephrine, cold stress and stress of serious injury or extensive surgery.The clinical manifestations depend on the age of the patient and may begin insidiously or with dramatic suddenness, or there may be no overt symptoms or signs. The manifestations can be divided into the following categories: totally non‐specific symptoms and signs ascribable to the primary disease; neuromuscular hyperactivity including tremor, myoclonic jerks, convulsions, Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign (rarely), spontaneous carpopedal spasm (rarely), ataxia, nystagmus and dysphagia; psychiatric disturbances from apathy and coma to some or all facets of delirium; cardiac arrhythmias including ventricular fibrillation and sudden death; hypocalcemia which is responsive only to Mg therapy; and hypokalemia which is not easily nor completely corrected without Mg therapy. The diversity of etiologies and the multiplicity of manifestations result in confusion and controversy.The documentation of normal renal function is absolutely necessary for maximum doses. The order of magnitude of dose is 1.0 meq Mg/kg on day 1, and 0.3 to 0.5 mEq/kg per day for 3 to 5 days. In emergencies such as convulsions or ventricular arrhythmias, a bolus injection of 1.0 gm (8.1 meq) of MgSO4 is indicated. Therapy of Mg deficiency in the presence of renal insufficiency requires smaller doses and frequent monitoring. Complete repletion occurs slowly.
Magnesium and Potassium Interrelationships Experimental and Clinical
Authors: Whang Robert , Oei Tjien O. , Aikawa Jerry K. , Ryan Michael P. , Watanabe August , Chrysant Stephen G. , Fryer Alice 
Published: August 2010

Abstract1) Coexisting Mg and K deficiency may occur with greater frequency than has been previously appreciated. 2) Profound hypokalemia, or refractoriness to K repletion or coexisting hypokalemia and hypocalcemia should suggest the possibility of concurrent Mg and K depletion. 3) The identification and treatment of concurrent K and Mg depletion is especially important in patients with congestive heart failure because of problem of digitalis toxicity. 4) We believe that the role of magnesium in optimizing cardiac function remains to be elucidated, identification and treatment of coexisting Mg and K depletion will be facilitated by making serum Mg a routine electrolyte determination together with Na, K, CI, CO2.
METABOLIC ASPECTS OF RHYTHM DISTURBANCES
Authors: Russell D. C. , Lawrie J. S. , Riemersma R. A. , Oliver M. F. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTProfound alterations in metabolism occur within the first few minutes of myocardial ischaemia which may induce or modulate myocardial electrophysiological abnormalities and arrhythmogenesis, Fatty acid oxidation is inhibited with accumulation of long‐chain acyl CoA esters and glycolysis is stimulated but later inhibited. This may be worsened by a peripheral sympathetic response. In particular regional variations in glycolytic ATP productions which can modulate «slow channel» ion flux and hence slow conducting «slow response» potential activity, could influence patterns of slowed conduction in ischaemic myocardium of importance in generating early re‐entrant arrhythmias.This possibility has been examined in open chest anaesthetised dogs following experimental coronary occlusion by detailed computer aided analysis and construction of three dimensional maps of regional metabolism, blood flow and epicardial activation patterns at the time of early ventricular arrhythmias. Activation patterns were obtained using an electronic multiplexing system, flow using tracer microspheres and metabolic changes by analysis of multiple tissue samples for lactate and indices of glycolytic activity after rapid excision and freezing of the heart. Marked spacial inhomogeneities in flow, lactate and glycolytic activity were associated with delayed and fragmented activation in the central ischaemic region. Within the border region of flow, however, glycolytic activity was enhanced and conduction generally little impaired.It is suggested that transient changes in the homogeneity of myocardial metabolism and flow are critical in determining patterns of conduction and hence arrhythmogenesis. This may provide a basis for understanding anti‐arrhythmic effects of metabolic interventions.