bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Germanium Coordination Compounds for Production of Germanium Nanomaterials
Authors: Boyle Timothy J. , Tribby Louis J. , Ottley Leigh Anna M. , Han Sang M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of novel germanium(II) precursors was synthesized to initiate an investigation between the precursors' structures and the morphologies of the resulting nanoparticles. Theprecursors were synthesized from the reaction of Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 or [Ge(OtBu)2]2 and the appropriate ligand: N,N″‐dibenzylethylenediamine (H2‐DBED), tert‐butyl alcohol (H‐OtBu), 2,6‐dimethylphenol (H‐DMP), 2,6‐diphenylphenol (H‐DPP), tert‐butyldimethylsilanol (H‐DMBS), triphenylsilanol (H‐TPS), triphenylsilanethiol (H‐TPST), and benzenethiol (H‐PS). The products were identified as: [Ge(μc‐DBED)]2 (1, μc = bridging chelating), [Ge(μ‐DMP)(DMP)]2 (2), Ge(DPP)2 (3), [Ge(μ‐OtBu)(DMBS)]2, (4), [Ge(μ‐DMBS)(DMBS)]2 (5), Ge(TPS)3(H) (6), [Ge(μ‐TPST)(TPST)]2 (7), and Ge(PS)4 (8). The GeII metal centers were found to adopt a pyramidal geometry for 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, a bent arrangement for 3, and a tetrahedral coordination for the GeIV species 6 and 8. Using a simple solution precipitation methodology, Ge0 nanomaterials were isolated as dots and wires for the majority of precursors. Compound 7 led to the isolation of amorphous GexSy. The nanomaterials isolated were characterized by TEM, EDS, and powder XRD. A correlation between the precursor's arrangement and final observed nanomorphology was proffered as part of the “precursor structure affect” phenomenon. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Cyclization of Trichloroacetimidates by Olefin Aminopalladation β‐Heteroatom Elimination
Authors: Maleckis Ansis , Jaunzeme Ieva , Jirgensons Aigars 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe cyclization of δ‐acetoxy‐O‐allyl‐ and ϵ‐acetoxy‐O‐homoallyl‐trichloroacetimidates to 4‐vinyloxazolines and a 4‐vinyldihydrooxazine has been efficiently achieved by olefin aminopalladation–β‐heteroatom elimination. (Z)‐Allylic imidates bearing a secondary δ‐acetoxy group underwent PdII‐catalysed cyclization to give the E isomers of 4‐vinyloxazolines selectively and gave no Overman rearrangement products. Using a chiral substrate, it has been demonstrated that cyclization to 4‐vinyloxazolines occurs with high chirality transfer. Stereoselective E isomer formation and chirality transfer provided a basis from which to discuss the possible reaction mechanism. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Efficient Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfides through Sulfenic Acids
Authors: Aversa Maria Chiara , Barattucci Anna , Bonaccorsi Paola 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUnsymmetrical disulfides, some of which are biologically interesting, were prepared by the in situ generation of sulfenic acids from suitable sulfinyl precursors and their coupling with various thiols. This methodology represents an efficient and mild procedure to obtain disulfides in excellent yields. It allows the presence of base/acid and/or thermolabile functional groups in both the sulfenic acid and the thiol on the basis of the choice of suitable sulfenic acid precursors and offers wide chances of modulating the construction of the disulfide bridge between different structural skeletons such as homo‐ and heteroaromatic, amino acidic and sugar residues. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
FeX3‐Promoted Intermolecular Addition of Benzylic Alcohols to Aromatic Alkynes: A Mild and Efficient Strategy for the Synthesis of Alkenyl Halides
Authors: Ren Kai , Wang Min , Wang Lei 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA convenient, effective, mild and simple strategy has been developed for the synthesis of alkenyl halides by the intermolecular addition of benzylic alcohols to aromatic alkynes. The reactions were carried out in the presence of iron(III) bromide or chloride in 1,2‐dibromoethane without additives in air at room temperature. Alkenyl bromides and chlorides were obtained with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity (E/Z up to 99:1) in good‐to‐excellent yields in 0.5–1 h under mild reaction conditions.
Enantioselective Synthesis of a Novel Chiral 2,9‐Disubstituted 1,10‐Phenanthroline and First Applications in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Nandakumar Mecheril Valsan , Ghosh Subrata , Schneider Christoph 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe asymmetric synthesis of a novel, C2‐symmetric, tetradentate 1,10‐phenanthroline is described; it is based on the stereoselective preparation of two functionalized pyridine subunits, which were subsequently joined through two consecutive carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions to assemble the heteroaromatic system. Some initial applications of this new chiral ligand in metal‐catalyzed, enantioselective ring‐opening reactions of meso‐epoxides and aminations of β‐keto esters are presented.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Genotoxicity of a freshwater cyanotoxin, cylindrospermopsin, in two human cell lines: Caco‐2 and HepaRG
Authors: Bazin Emmanuelle , Mourot Annick , Humpage Andrew R. , Fessard Valérie 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCylindrospermopsin (CYN), a cyanotoxin produced by certain freshwater cyanobacteria, causes human intoxications and animal mortalities. CYN is a potent inhibitor of protein‐ and glutathione‐synthesis. Preliminary evidence for in vivo tumor initiation has been found in mice but the mechanism remains unclear. Several in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that CYN is genotoxic and requires metabolic activation. In the present study, the genotoxicity of CYN was assessed in human hepatocyte and enterocyte cell lines, which are models for CYN target organs. The cytokinesis‐block micronucleus assay was conducted on liver‐derived HepaRG cells and colon‐derived Caco‐2 cells. Each cell‐type was exposed to CYN in both the differentiated and the undifferentiated states, and both with and without the cytochrome P450 inhibitor, ketoconazole, to determine the involvement of metabolism in CYN genotoxicity. CYN increased the frequency of micronuclei in binucleated cells (MNBNC) in both Caco‐2 and HepaRG cells. Moreover, ketoconazole reduced both the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity caused by CYN. Our results confirm the involvement of metabolic activation of CYN in mediating its toxicity and suggest that CYN is progenotoxic. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microvascular free flap reconstruction versus palatal obturation for maxillectomy defects
Authors: Moreno Mauricio A. , Skoracki Roman J. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Hanasono Matthew M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground.Palatal obturators and microvascular free flaps are both used to treat patients with maxillectomy defects, however, the optimal technique remains controversial.Methods.A retrospective analysis of 113 patients undergoing maxillectomy for cancer was performed. Seventy‐three patients received an obturator and 40 patients were reconstructed with a free flap.Results.Speech intelligibility and postoperative diet were comparable between the obturator and free flap groups, except in cases of extensive (>50%) palatal defects, where free flap reconstruction was superior in both aspects (p = .019 and p = .043, respectively). The average time for presenting with a local recurrence in advanced cancer involving the palate was comparable in both groups (p = .33).Conclusion.Moderate‐sized maxillectomy defects involving the palate can be successfully treated with either an obturator or free flap reconstruction. Extensive defects have a better functional outcome with free flaps. Evidence does not suggest that free flap reconstructions delay diagnosis of local recurrences. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Evaluating the spatiotemporal variations of water budget across China over 1951–2006 using IBIS model
Authors: Zhu Qiuan , Jiang Hong , Liu Jinxun , Wei Xiaohua , Peng Changhui , Fang Xiuqing , Liu Shirong , Zhou Guomo , Yu Shuquan , Ju Weiming 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Integrated Biosphere Simulator is used to evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of the crucial hydrological variables [run‐off and actual evapotranspiration (AET)] of the water balance across China for the period 1951–2006 including a precipitation analysis. Results suggest three major findings. First, simulated run‐off captured 85% of the spatial variability and 80% of the temporal variability for 85 hydrological gauges across China. The mean relative errors were within 20% for 66% of the studied stations and within 30% for 86% of the stations. The Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients indicated that the quantity pattern of run‐off was also captured acceptably except for some watersheds in southwestern and northwestern China. The possible reasons for underestimation of run‐off in the Tibetan plateau include underestimation of precipitation and uncertainties in other meteorological data due to complex topography, and simplified representations of the soil depth attribute and snow processes in the model. Second, simulated AET matched reasonably with estimated values calculated as the residual of precipitation and run‐off for watersheds controlled by the hydrological gauges. Finally, trend analysis based on the Mann–Kendall method indicated that significant increasing and decreasing patterns in precipitation appeared in the northwest part of China and the Yellow River region, respectively. Significant increasing and decreasing trends in AET were detected in the Southwest region and the Yangtze River region, respectively. In addition, the Southwest region, northern China (including the Heilongjiang, Liaohe, and Haihe Basins), and the Yellow River Basin showed significant decreasing trends in run‐off, and the Zhemin hydrological region showed a significant increasing trend. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of land use on distributed hydrological processes in the semi‐arid wetland ecosystem of Western Jilin
Authors: Moiwo Juana Paul , Lu Wenxi , Zhao Yongsheng , Yang Yonghui , Yang Yanmin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn especially arid/semi‐arid regions, wetlands are steadily destroyed or converted into other forms of land use due mainly to population and socio‐economic growth. The accurate estimation of catchment hydrological processes is therefore vital not only for sustainable land/water resources management in these regions, but also for the adequate preservation of wetland ecosystems. In this study, distributed recharge, runoff and evapotranspiration (ET) are simulated for the wetland‐based ecosystem of Western Jilin using WetSpass (Water and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants and the Atmosphere under quasi‐Steady‐State), extended with MODFLOW. Comparisons of hydrophysiographic conditions of 1930 and 2000 show good agreements between the model‐simulated fluxes and long‐term field‐measurement data, all with R2 above 0.8. About 21% of the wetlands have been converted into primarily farmlands. Water quality is also deteriorating due to land use change and accompanying increase in ET against decreasing recharge. While ET is highest for open water surfaces, it mostly originates from vegetated land surfaces. Recharge is not only highest, but also mainly originates from vegetated land surfaces. Similarly, runoff is highest and largely originates from bare land surfaces. Whereas ET is influenced mainly by land use, recharge and runoff are variously influenced by land use, soil type and topographic slope. Changes in the hydrophysiographic conditions pose a considerable threat to wetland ecosystems in the study area. As ET is the predominant mode of water loss, ET‐limiting land/water resources management strategies are critical for environmental sustainability and for long‐term restoration and conservation of the fragile wetland‐based ecosystem. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating the integrated effects of topography and soil properties on runoff generation in hilly forested catchments, South China
Authors: Chen Xi , Cheng Qinbo , Chen Yongqin David , Smettem Keith , Xu Chong‐Yu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEstimation of runoff components associated with catchment topography and soil properties is critical for planning water resources utilization and evaluating hydrological changes due to artificially induced land surface manipulation. In this study, the modified TOPMODEL by Scanlon et al. (2000) was applied to simulate runoff‐generating processes and to separate runoff components in two hilly forested catchments within the Dongjiang Basin of Southeast China. The modified TOPMODEL was improved by integrating an evapotranspiration package with the model algorithms. Influences of catchment topography and soil properties on runoff generation were analysed on the basis of explicit expression of catchment field capacity distribution derived from the topographic index and catchment average field capacity. Study results demonstrate that the model is capable of simulating hydrological processes and separate hydrological components in both hourly and daily time steps. Total runoff generation primarily depends on the effective storage capacity of unsaturated zone. A 50% decrease of the effective storage capacity from 0·22 to 0·11 m over the soil zone leads to a 6·6% increase in total runoff. Topography plays a dominant role in formation of runoff components. When the catchment mean slope increases by 87%, subsurface storm flow could increase by 50% whilst overland flow decreases by 7·5% and baseflow by 6·7%. Vertical changes of soil permeability influence runoff components as well. Decrease of the lower layer hydraulic transmissivity may result in 2–3% increase of overland flow and subsurface storm flow and 5% decrease of baseflow. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between polymorphisms in interleukin‐17A and interleukin‐17F genes and risks of gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Xiaoqin , Zeng Zhirong , Chen Bin , Yu Jun , Xue Ling , Hao Yuantao , Chen Minhu , Sung Joseph J.Y. , Hu Pinjin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChronic inflammation is the hallmark of the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori‐induced gastric cancer. Interleukin (IL)‐17A and IL‐17F are inflammatory cytokines expressed by a novel subset of CD4+ Th cells and play critical function in inflammation and probably in cancer. We conducted a case–control study including 1,010 gastric cancer patients and 800 healthy controls to assess the association between IL‐17A G197A and IL‐17F A7488G polymorphisms and risk of gastric cancer. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) and DNA sequencing. Logistic regression and Cox‐proportional hazards analyses were used to evaluate the associations between polymorphisms and gastric cancer susceptibility, clinicopathological features and survival. After adjusted for age and gender, IL‐17F 7488GA and GG genotypes were associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer compared with AA genotype [OR 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–1.87 for GA; OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.03–2.51 for GG]. Further stratification analyses indicated that the effect of IL‐17F 7488GA genotype was noteworthy in gastric cancer patients of noncardia, intestinal type, poorly and moderately differentiated, age older than 40, large tumor size and lymph node metastasis. IL‐17A 197AG genotype was associated with increased risk of poorly differentiated, TNM I/II, age of 40–65‐year subtypes of gastric cancer, but not with total gastric cancer risk (p = 0.098). No significant relationship was observed between polymorphisms and survival of gastric cancer patients. These findings suggest that polymorphism of IL‐17F 7488 involved in susceptibility to gastric cancer, which also influenced certain subtypes according to clinicopathological features, whereas IL‐17A 197 may be less relevant.
Tumor inhibition by sodium selenite is associated with activation of c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase 1 and suppression of β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Fang Wenfeng , Han Anjia , Bi Xiuli , Xiong Bin , Yang Wancai 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEpidemiological and clinical studies suggest that an increased intake of dietary selenium significantly reduces overall cancer risk, but the anticancer mechanism of selenium is not clear. In this study, we fed intestinal cancer mouse model. Muc2/p21 double mutant mice with a selenium‐enriched (sodium selenite) diet for 12 or 24 weeks, and found that sodium selenite significantly inhibited intestinal tumor formation in these animals (p < 0.01), which was associated with phosphorylation of JNK1 and suppression of β‐catenin and COX2. In vitro studies showed that sodium selenite promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in human colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620. These effects were dose‐ and time course‐dependent, and were also linked to an increase of JNK1 phosphorylation and suppression of β‐catenin signaling. Reduced JNK1 expression by small RNA interference abrogated sufficient activation of JNK1 by sodium selenite, leading to reduced inhibition of the β‐catenin signaling, resulting in reduced efficacy of inhibiting cell proliferation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that sodium selenite inhibits intestinal carcinogenesis in vivo and in vitro through activating JNK1 and suppressing β‐catenin signaling, a novel anticancer mechanism of selenium.
High CCND1 amplification identifies a group of poor prognosis women with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer
Authors: Roy Pankaj G. , Pratt Norman , Purdie Colin A. , Baker Lee , Ashfield Alison , Quinlan Phil , Thompson Alastair M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCCND1 encodes for the cyclin D1 protein involved in G1/S cell cycle transition. In breast cancer the mechanism of CCND1 amplification, relationship between cyclin D1 protein expression and the key clinical markers estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 requires elucidation. Tissue microarrays of primary invasive breast cancer from 93 women were evaluated for CCND1 amplification by fluorescent in‐situ hybridization and cyclin D1 protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry. CCND1 amplification was identified in 27/93 (30%) cancers and 59/93 (63%) cancers had overexpression of cyclin D1. CCND1 amplification was significantly associated with cyclin D1 protein overexpression (p < 0.001; Fisher's exact test) and both CCND1 amplification and cyclin D1 protein expression with oestrogen receptor (ER) expression (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001; Fishers exact test). Neither CCND1 amplification nor cyclinD1 expression was associated with tumor size, pathological node status or HER2 amplification, but high CCND1 amplification (Copy Number Gain (CNG) ≥ 8) was associated with high tumor grade (p = 0.005; chi square 7.915, 2 df) and worse prognosis by Nottingham Prognostic Index (p = 0.001; 2 sample t‐test). High CCND1 amplification (CNG ≥ 8) may identify a subset of patients with poor prognosis ER‐positive breast cancers who should be considered for additional therapy.
GBV‐C/hepatitis G virus infection and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: a case control study
Authors: Krajden Mel , Yu Amanda , Braybrook Heather , Lai Agnes S. , Mak Annie , Chow Ron , Cook Darrel , Tellier Raymond , Petric Martin , Gascoyne Randy D. , Connors Joseph M. , Brooks‐Wilson Angela R. , Gallagher Richard P. , Spinelli John J 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe investigated whether there was an association between GBV‐C viremia and the development of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in 553 NHL cases and 438 controls from British Columbia, Canada. Cases were aged 20–79, diagnosed between March 2000 and February 2004, and resident in Greater Vancouver or Victoria. Cases and controls were tested for GBV‐C RNA by RT‐PCR and positive samples were genotyped. Overall, GBV‐C RNA was detected in 4.5% of NHL cases vs. 1.8% of controls [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22–6.69]. The association between GBV‐C RNA detection and NHL remained even after individuals with a history of prior transfusion, injection drug use and hepatitis C virus sero‐positivity were excluded. GBV‐C viremia showed the strongest association with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (adjusted OR = 5.18, 95% CI = 2.06–13.71). Genotyping was performed on 29/33 GBV‐C RNA positive individuals; genotypes 2a (n = 22); 2b (n = 5) and 3 (n = 2) were identified, consistent with the distribution of genotypes found in North America. This is the largest case‐control study to date associating GBV‐C viremia and NHL risk. As GBV‐C is known to be transmitted through blood products this may have important implications for blood safety.
Parent of origin effects on age at colorectal cancer diagnosis
Authors: Lindor Noralane M. , Rabe Kari G. , Petersen Gloria M. , Chen Helen , Bapat Bharati , Hopper John , Young Joanne , Jenkins Mark , Potter John , Newcomb Polly , Templeton Allyson , LeMarchand Loic , Grove John , Burgio Michael R. , Haile Robert , Green Jane , Woods Michael O. , Seminara Daniela , Limburg Paul J. , Thibodeau Stephen N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGenomic imprinting refers to a parent‐of‐origin specific effect on gene expression. At least 1% of genes in the human genome are modulated in this manner. We sought evidence for genomic imprinting in colorectal cancer by studying the ages at diagnosis in the offspring of 2,061 parent–child pairs in which both parent and child were affected by nonsyndromic colorectal cancer. Families were ascertained through the colon Cancer Family Registry [http://epi.grants.cancer.gov/CFR/] from both population‐based and clinic‐based sources. We found that the affected offspring of affected fathers were on average younger than offspring of affected mothers (55.8 vs. 53.7 years; p = 0.0003), but when divided into sons and daughters, this difference was driven entirely by younger age at diagnosis in daughters of affected fathers compared to sons (52.3 years vs. 55.1 years; p = 0.0004). A younger age at diagnosis in affected daughters of affected fathers was also observable in various subsets including families that met Amsterdam II Criteria, families that did not meet Amsterdam Criteria, and in families with documented normal DNA mismatch repair in tumors. Imprinting effects are not expected to be affected by the sex of the offspring. Possible explanations for these unexpected findings include: (i) an imprinted gene on the pseudoautosomal regions of the X chromosome; (ii) an imprinted autosomal gene that affects a sex‐specific pathway; or (iii) an X‐linked gene unmasked because of colonic tissue‐specific preferential inactivation of the maternal X chromosome.