bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alteration of Rod and Cone Function in Children with Usher Syndrome
Authors: Malm Eva , Ponjavic Vesna , Möller Claes , Kimberling William J. , Stone Edwin S. , Andréasson Sten 
Published: November 2010

Purpose TO evaluate the retinal function, with emphasis on phenotype and rate of progression, in infants and children with different genotypes of Usher syndrome. Methods Fourteen children (2–10 years of age) with retinitis pigmentosa and hearing impairment were examined with full-field electroretinography (ERG) during general anesthesia, ophthalmologic examination, and genetic analysis. Five children were repeatedly examined (follow-up 5–10 years) with full-field ERG under local anesthesia and in 2 children multifocal ERG and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed. These results were compared to full-field ERG data from 58 children without retinal eye disorder. Results Six children were genotyped as Usher 1B, 2A, and 3A. Full-field ERG demonstrated early alterations corresponding to a rod-cone dystrophy in all children. A remaining rod function could be verified in the majority of the children up to 4 years of age. After 4 years of age, there was a further deterioration of the rod function; the progress was severe in Usher types 1 and 2 and moderate in Usher type 3. In all children, the cone function was moderately reduced, in a few cases almost normal. The results from the 58 children without retinal disorder confirm that full-field ERG during general anesthesia is reliable. Multifocal ERG confirmed a preserved central cone function and in OCT there were discrete structural alterations. Conclusions Full-field ERG during general anesthesia in children with Usher syndrome demonstrates variable phenotypes and different degrees in rate of progression during childhood.
Pulmonary Edema following Instillation of Topical Phenylephrine Eyedrops in a Child under General Anesthesia
Authors: Venkatakrishnan Jaichandran , Jagadeesh Viswanathan , Kannan Rajagopal 
Published: November 2010

Purpose To report a case of pulmonary edema, in a child under general anesthesia, due to iatrogenic acute hypertensive crisis following instillation of 1 drop of 5% phenylephrine eyedrops. Methods A 2-year-old boy was scheduled for examination of both eyes and enucleation of the left eye under general anesthesia. In the preoperative ward, 1 drop of 2.5% phenylephrine eyedrops was instilled 3 times by the nursing staff. The child was induced with the volatile agent Sevoflurane and intubated with Inj atracurium besylate 0.5 mg/kg IV. Anesthesia was maintained with N2O/oxygen (2:1)/Sevofurane 1.5% and Inj fentanyl 1 μg/kg IV. As the pupil was not dilated optimally for examination, 1 drop of 5% phenylephrine eyedrops was instilled. Approximately 10 minutes following its instillation, tachycardia and rise in blood pressure occurred. Auscultation of the chest revealed bilateral coarse crepitations and pink frothy secretions were noted in the Portex endotracheal tube. Results Pulmonary edema was effectively settled using positive pressure ventilation with 100% oxygen, Inj lasix 1 mg/kg IV, and Inj hydrocortisone 100 mg IV. The concentration of inhalational agent, Sevoflurane, was increased. Within about 15 minutes, both heart rate and blood pressure gradually returned to normal limits. Following surgery, the child was extubated, fully awake. Conclusions To produce maximum mydriasis, with minimum systemic effects, preventive strategies such as using the lowest drug concentration, punctual occlusion, eyelid closure, allowing adequate time for the pharmacologic effect to occur, and the use of microdrops in infants should be adopted.
Severe Global Inflammatory Involvement of Ocular Segments and Optic Disc Swelling in a 12-Year-Old Girl with Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Grouteau Erick , Debuisson Cécile , Brochard Karine , Paranon Soizic , Beaudon Cécile Lesage , Pajot Christine , Claudet Isabelle 
Published: November 2010

Purpose Pediatric Kawasaki ocular involvement is dominated by bulbar conjunctival injection and mild, self-limited anterior uveitis. Posterior segment involvement is rare. Methods/Results Case report. Despite early efficient treatment including aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulins, a 12-year-old girl developed a severe bilateral global inflammatory ocular involvement including punctuated keratitis, retrodescemetic precipitates, anterior uveitis, vitritis, and bilateral optic disc swelling with papillitis. This is the first description of severe bilateral global inflammatory involvement of the eyes in Kawasaki disease (KD). Usually subclinical and self-limited, eye involvement in KD can lead to severe visual impairment. Conclusions Inflammation of both anterior and posterior segments does not seem to respond to KD-specific treatment and could justify a specific ophthalmologic therapeutic approach.
TGF-β and RPE-Derived Cells in Taut Subretinal Strands from Patients with Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Winkler Jörg , Hoerauf Hans 
Published: November 2010

Purpose TO investigate the distribution of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and cells derived from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as a major source for TGF-β in subretinal strands (SRSs), originating from patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and proliferative diabetic vitreoretinopathy (PDVR). Methods Nine SRSs (PVR: n = 6 and PDVR: n = 3) were obtained during pars plana vitrectomy. Specimens were processed for immunohistochemical analysis in paraffin wax or studied by transmission electron microscopy. Results Staining for TGF-β was consistent in all specimens. The content of RPE-derived cells identified by anticytokeratin staining revealed considerable differences, ranging from <10 to >90%. Conclusions The widespread immunoreactivity for TGF-β in SRSs suggests a significant role of this group of cytokines in the pathologic course of PVR.
Mining Functional Data in Prediction Markets
Authors: Foutz Natasha Zhang , Jank Wolfgang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPrerelease demand forecasting is one of the most crucial yet difficult tasks facing marketers in the $60 billion motion picture industry. We propose functional data analysis of prediction markets to address this long‐standing challenge. In prediction markets, prices of a movie's stock reflect the dynamic demand expectations prior to the movie's release. Using functional data analysis, we identify a small number of distinguishing shapes, e.g., the last‐moment velocity spurt, that carry information about a movie's future demand and produce early and accurate prerelease forecasts.
Implementation of sustainability drivers in the design of industrial chemical processes
Authors: Tugnoli Alessandro , Santarelli Francesco , Cozzani Valerio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA methodology based on key performance indicators was developed and applied to the design of sustainable industrial processes. The methodology provides a procedure for the definition of a dynamic set of quantitative key performance indicators suitable to capture the environmental, economic and societal impacts of process options, thus, tracing the sustainability footprint of alternatives. The preliminary design of a production plant for cyclohexanone is presented as the leading case in the discussion. The influence of design choices on environmental impact profiles, economic efficiency and inherent safety performance was pointed out. The application evidenced that the definition of appropriate indicators may have an important added value in supporting design activities, both for the correct assessment of alternative options and for the proactive identification of design improvements. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Demyelination causes synaptic alterations in hippocampi from multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Dutta Ranjan , Chang Ansi , Doud Mary K. , Kidd Grahame J. , Ribaudo Michael V. , Young Elizabeth A. , Fox Robert J. , Staugaitis Susan M. , Trapp Bruce D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the human central nervous system. Although the clinical impact of gray matter pathology in MS brains is unknown, 30 to 40% of MS patients demonstrate memory impairment. The molecular basis of this memory dysfunction has not yet been investigated in MS patients.Methods:To investigate possible mechanisms of memory impairment in MS patients, we compared morphological and molecular changes in myelinated and demyelinated hippocampi from postmortem MS brains.Results:Demyelinated hippocampi had minimal neuronal loss but significant decreases in synaptic density. Neuronal proteins essential for axonal transport, synaptic plasticity, glutamate neurotransmission, glutamate homeostasis, and memory/learning were significantly decreased in demyelinated hippocampi, but not in demyelinated motor cortices from MS brains.Interpretation:Collectively, these data support hippocampal demyelination as a cause of synaptic alterations in MS patients and establish that the neuronal genes regulated by myelination reflect specific functions of neuronal subpopulations. Ann Neurol 2011;69:445–454
Anatomy of disturbed sleep in pallido‐ponto‐nigral degeneration
Authors: Spector Andrew R. , Dugger Brittany N. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Uitti Ryan J. , Fredrickson Paul , Kaplan Joseph , Boeve Bradley F. , Dickson Dennis W. , Strongosky Audrey , Lin Siong‐chi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:Pallido‐ponto‐nigral degeneration (PPND), caused by an N279K mutation of the MAPT gene, is 1 of a family of disorders collectively referred to as frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. This study aims to characterize the nature of the sleep disturbance in PPND and compare these findings to those in other progressive neurological illnesses. Pathological findings are also provided.Methods:Ten subjects were recruited from the PPND kindred; 5 affected and 5 unaffected. The subjects underwent clinical assessment, polysomnography, and wrist actigraphy. Available sleep‐relevant areas (pedunculopontine/laterodorsal tegmentum, nucleus basalis of Meynert, thalamus, and locus ceruleus) of affected subjects were analyzed postmortem.Results:The affected group's total sleep time was an average of 130.8 minutes compared to 403.6 minutes in the control group (p < 0.01). Initial sleep latency was significantly longer in affected subjects (range, 58–260 minutes vs 3–34 minutes). Affected subjects also had an increase in stage I sleep (8.5% vs 1%), and less stage III/IV sleep (8.5% vs 17%). At the time of autopsy, all cases had severe neuronal tau pathology in wake‐promoting nuclei, as well as decreases in thalamic cholinergic innervations. There was no difference in orexinergic fiber density in nucleus basalis of Meynert or locus ceruleus compared to controls.Interpretation:The PPND kindred showed severe sleep disturbance. Sleep abnormalities are common in neurodegenerative illnesses, but this is the first study of sleep disorders in PPND. Unlike most neurodegenerative conditions, PPND is characterized by decreased total sleep time, increased sleep latency, and decreased sleep efficiency, without daytime hypersomnolence. Ann Neurol 2011;69:1014–1025
Metall‐Nanokristalle mit hochverzweigten Morphologien
Authors: Lim Byungkwon , Xia Younan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMetall‐Nanokristalle mit hochverzweigten Morphologien sind eine überaus interessante Klasse von Nanomaterialien, vor allem wegen ihrer einzigartigen Strukturen und physikochemischen Eigenschaften und ihrem großen Potenzial als Katalysatoren, Sensormaterialien und Bausteine für nanoskalige Funktionseinheiten. Verschiedene Strategien für die Synthese von Metall‐Nanokristallen mit verzweigten Morphologien wurden in jüngerer Zeit entwickelt. In diesem Kurzaufsatz stellen wir die Prozeduren und Mechanismen vor, die der Bildung von verzweigten Metall‐Nanokristallen wie Multipoden und Nanodendriten zugrunde liegen. Wir beschreiben jüngste Fortschritte bei der Synthese solcher Strukturen durch kinetisch kontrolliertes Überwachsen, aggregationsbasiertes Wachstum, heterogenes Kristallwachstum, selektives Ätzen und templatgelenkte Methoden sowie ihre Eigenschaften für katalytische und elektrokatalytische Anwendungen.
Removal of safranin from aqueous solutions by NaOH‐treated rice husk: thermodynamics, kinetics and isosteric heat of adsorption
Authors: Chowdhury Shamik , Mishra Rahul , Kushwaha Praveen , Saha Papita 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTSafranin is a widely used, cationic, azine synthetic dye, and because of various adverse properties any effluent streams require treatment prior to discharge. The correct disposal of synthetic dye wastewater after proper treatment is difficult because of the dye properties and their resistance to degradation processes. Adsorption is often an effective, economical and useful process for the treatment of dye effluents. The potential use of rice husk, a plentiful waste agricultural product, to remove safranin from aqueous solution by a batch adsorption process was evaluated. Rice husk was transformed into an effective adsorbent material by treating with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). During the treatment process, the effects of stirring rate, temperature, pH, initial dye concentration and sorbent dose were studied. The maximum dye adsorption was obtained at pH 8. The Langmuir isotherm model was a good representation of the equilibrium data, and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity obtained was 37.97 mg g−1 at 303 K. The mean free energy (E) estimated from the Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) model indicated that the main mechanism governing the sorption process was chemical ion‐exchange. The kinetic data were shown to be represented by the pseudo‐second‐order model and the intraparticle diffusion model. The Arrhenius and Eyring equations were used to evaluate the activation parameters. The activation energy was estimated to be 46.57 kJ mol−1. Gibbs' free energy was spontaneous for all interactions, and the adsorption process exhibited endothermic enthalpy values. The isosteric heat of adsorption, determined using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, increased directly in relation to the surface loading showing its strong dependence on surface coverage. Results suggest that NaOH‐treated rice husk is a potential low‐cost adsorbent for safranin removal from aqueous solution. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Molecular Modeling Studies of Anti‐inflammatory Active 1H‐Pyrrolizine‐5‐carboxamides
Authors: Barsoum Flora F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA variety of N‐aryl‐7‐cyano‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolizine‐5‐carboxamides 5, 6, 8, and 9 were synthesized via reaction of the 2‐amino derivatives 4 with acid chlorides and aromatic aldehydes. Meanwhile, 4a,b were obtained through the reaction of 2‐pyrrolidinylidenepropanedinitrile 1 with chloroacetanilides 2a,b. In addition, the tricyclic pyrimido[5,4‐a]pyrrolizines were formed through conducting the reaction of 4a,b with 90% formic acid. Anti‐inflammatory activity screening of some synthesized compounds utilizing in vivo acute carrageenan‐induced paw edema standard method in rats exhibited that the prepared heterocycles possess considerable pharmacological properties especially, 4a, 4b, 10a, and 10b which reveal remarkable activities relative to diclofenac sodium (reference standard). Ulcerogenic liability of the highly promising synthesized anti‐inflammatory active agents were evaluated and 4a and 4b showed ulcerogenic liability lower than that of the standard used drug. Molecular modeling studies were initiated herein in order to validate the attained pharmacological data and provide understandable evidence for the observed anti‐inflammatory behavior.
Synchrotron neutrino‐pair radiation in neutron stars
Authors: Yakovlev D. G. , Tschaepe R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe neutrino‐pair radiation by electrons in a non‐quantizing magnetic field B is investigated. For a relativistic degenerate electron gas the emissivity of this process is mainly given by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \varepsilon _r = 5 \times 10^{15} (pF/mc)^{4/3} \,B_{13}^{2/3} T_y^{12/8} \,{\rm erg} \times {\rm cm}^{ - 3} \times {\rm sec}^{- 1} $\end{document} where pF is the electron Fermi momentum. Under typical neutron star conditions at B ∼ 1013G neutrino synchrotron radiation appears to be one of the most effective mechanisms of neutrino energy loss in the envelopes of neutron stars; this mechanism may also compete with other known neutrino production mechanisms in the neutron star cores if pion condensate or quark matter is absent.
Simultaneous and selective inference: Current successes and future challenges
Authors: Benjamini Yoav 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe previous decade can be viewed as a second golden for era Multiple Comparisons research. I argue that much of the success stems from our being able to address real current needs. At the same time, this success generated a plethora of concepts for error rate and power, as well as multiplicity of methods for addressing them. These confuse the users of our methodology and pose a threat. To avoid the threat, it is our responsibility to match our theoretical goals to the goals of the users of statistics. Only then should we match the methods to the theoretical goals. Considerations related to such needs are discussed: simultaneous inference or selective inference, testing or estimation, decision making or scientific reporting. I then further argue that the vitality of our field in the future – as a research area – depends upon our ability to continue and address the real needs of statistical analyses in current problems. Two application areas offering new challenges have received less attention in our community to date are discussed. Safety analysis in clinical trials, where I offer an aggregated safety assessment methodology and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Abdominal trauma in primary blast injury
Authors: Owers C , Morgan J L , Garner J P 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Blast injury is uncommon, and remains poorly understood by most clinicians outside regions of active warfare. Primary blast injury (PBI) results from the interaction of the blast wave with the body, and typically affects gas-containing organs such as the ear, lungs and gastrointestinal tract. This review investigates the mechanisms and injuries sustained to the abdomen following blast exposure.

Methods
MEDLINE was searched using the keywords ‘primary blast injury’, ‘abdominal blast’ and ‘abdominal blast injury’ to identify English language reports of abdominal PBI. Clinical reports providing sufficient data were used to calculate the incidence of abdominal PBI in hospitalized survivors of air blast, and in open- and enclosed-space detonations.

Results
Sixty-one articles were identified that primarily reported clinical or experimental abdominal PBI. Nine clinical reports provided sufficient data to calculate an incidence of abdominal PBI; 31 (3·0 per cent) of 1040 hospitalized survivors of air blast suffered abdominal PBI, the incidence ranging from 1·3 to 33 per cent. The incidence for open- and enclosed-space detonations was 5·6 and 6·7 per cent respectively. The terminal ileum and caecum were the most commonly affected organs. Surgical management of abdominal PBI is similar to that of abdominal trauma of other causes.

Conclusion
Abdominal PBI is uncommon but has the potential for significant mortality and morbidity, which may present many days after blast exposure. It is commoner after blast in enclosed spaces and under water.
Connective tissue alteration in abdominal wall hernia
Authors: Henriksen N A , Yadete D H , Sorensen L T , Ågren M S , Jorgensen L N 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
The aetiology and pathogenesis of abdominal wall hernia formation is complex. Optimal treatment of hernias depends on a full understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in their formation. The aim of this study was to review the literature on specific collagen alterations in abdominal wall hernia formation.

Methods
A computer-assisted search of the medical databases PubMed and Embase was performed, together with a cross-reference search of eligible papers.

Results
Fifty-two papers were included. Collagen alteration depended on the type of hernia; there were more pronounced changes in patients with a direct inguinal hernia than in those with an indirect inguinal hernia, recurrent inguinal hernia or incisional hernia. A consistent finding was a significant increase in immature type III collagen relative to the stronger type I collagen in patients with a hernia. This resulted in thinner collagen fibres with a correspondingly diminished biomechanical strength. It has been suggested that these alterations are due to variation in the synthesis, maturation or degradation of collagen by matrix metalloproteinases, in combination or alone.

Conclusion
Hernia formation and recurrence is associated with altered collagen metabolism manifested by a decreased type I:III collagen ratio.
Supermolecular Liquid Crystals with a Six‐Armed Cyclotriphosphazene Core: From Columnar to Cubic Phases
Authors: Jiménez J. , Laguna A. , Molter A. M. , Serrano J. L. , Barberá J. , Oriol L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNew liquid crystals having a non‐conventional structure have been synthesised from a six‐armed cyclotriphosphazene core, [N3P3(OC6H4OH‐4)6], which was condensed with polycatenar acids. Reactions were monitored by 31P{1H} and 1H NMR spectroscopy and the chemical structure of the resulting materials was confirmed by different spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF). Results were in accordance with monodisperse, fully functionalised cyclotriphosphazenes. Thermal and mesomorphic properties were studied by optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction. All of the synthesised phosphazenes, substituted with benzyl ether chains, show a high thermal stability and exhibit mesomorphic properties, which depend on the number and type of alkyl terminal chains located at the periphery of the mesogens. Mesomorphic properties range from Colh for cph‐A1 and cph‐A2 to a cubic phase detected for cph‐A3, which has the larger number of alkyl chains. Furthermore, helical order was detected on X‐ray data of cph‐A2, which has chiral branched chains. Circular dichroism spectra of annealed films at mesophase temperature show a signal attributed to the chiral helical arrangement of the mesogenic chromophores.
Structural Requirements for the Antiproliferative Activity of Pre‐mRNA Splicing Inhibitor FR901464
Authors: Osman Sami , Albert Brian J. , Wang Yanping , Li Miaosheng , Czaicki Nancy L. , Koide Kazunori 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFR901464, a natural product isolated from a bacterium source, activates a reporter gene, inhibits pre‐mRNA splicing, and shows antitumor activity. We previously reported the development of a more potent analogue, meayamycin, through the total synthesis of FR901464. Herein, we report detailed structure–activity relationships of FR901464 that revealed the significance of the epoxide, carbon atoms in the tetrahydropyran ring, the Z geometry of the side chain, the 1,3‐diene moiety, the C4‐hydroxy group, and the C2′′‐carbonyl group. Importantly, the methyl group of the acetyl substituent was found to be inessential, leading to a new potent analogue. Additionally, partially based on in vivo data, we synthesized and evaluated potentially more metabolically stable analogues for their antiproliferative activity. These structural insights into FR901464 may contribute to the simplification of the natural product for further drug development.