bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract B25: Prostate cancer factual knowledge and misconceptions among African American, Jamaican, and Bahamian men
Authors: Williams Shanita D. , Ross Louie , Hinton Lisa , Woods V. Diane , Roberts Robin 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Introduction: The major risk factors for developing prostate cancer are age, African American (AA) race, and family history. AA men have greater burden of incidence and mortality from this disease. Prostate cancer knowledge has been linked with prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing in some studies but not in others. The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of knowledge about prostate cancer among AA (U.S.-born), Jamaican, and Bahamian black men, and to examine selected socio-demographic and ethno-cultural correlates.
Methods: Data were collected on a convenience sample of 448 AA men, 48 Jamaican men residing in the Southeastern U.S., and 55 Bahamian men in the Bahamas. Men were asked questions about their knowledge, awareness, and attitudes regarding prostate cancer and prostate cancer screening behaviors using DRE and PSA. Data were self-reported survey responses and analyzed using SAS.
Results: Study participants were likely married (54%), had some college or technical training (78%), and employed (60%). Over 90% of the men reported hearing of the DRE and 77% had heard of the PSA test. Prostate cancer knowledge was found to have two dimensions, a scientific or factual dimension and a misconceptions dimension. Four variables: education, income, perceived health status, and PSA screening interval were found to be associated with fact-based knowledge and misconceptions. Men with higher levels of education and men who reported recent screening (within 2 years) with a PSA test were associated with higher scores on the factual dimension. By contrast, men who reported never or rarely having had a PSA test, men with higher incomes, and men reporting higher levels of health status were associated with higher scores on the misconceptions factor. There were no differences by ethnicity on either dimension of prostate cancer knowledge (factual knowledge; misconceptions).
Conclusions: Ethnically diverse black men appear to have varying levels of both factual knowledge and misconceptions regarding prostate cancer despite targeted cancer communication and health promotion efforts. It appears that black men with higher levels of misconceptions regarding prostate cancer and prostate cancer screening were less likely to report recent screening with a PSA test. PSA testing has been positively linked with early stage diagnosis and improved treatment outcomes in black men. Hence, future strategies and culturally targeted interventions may seek to increase the levels of factual knowledge and reduce the levels of misconceptions that black men may have about this highly complex disease.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B25.
Abstract B52: Predictor of distinct genetic alterations in African Americans with colon cancer by genomic analysis
Authors: Ashktorab Hassan , Nouraie Mehdi , Smoot DuaneT , Brim Hassan 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MIN), and CpG island methylation phenotype (CIMP) are known processes through which colorectal cancer (CRC) can occur. In a given tumor, one or more of these events might be responsible for tumor development. We previously reported the results of our MSI and CIMP analysis of colorectal tumors in African Americans (AA), a group at high risk. Here, we report our array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) population analysis of AA and Caucasian CRC and its implication for the understanding of CRC development in this population.
Experimental design: We used 30 AA and 22 Caucasian CRC patients and applied aCGH (105k chip) to identify copy number aberrations in samples. In addition, we did a population comparative analysis with aCGH data in Caucasians as well as with a widely publicized list of colon cancer candidate genes (CAN genes). Bioinformatics analysis was done to calculate the chromosomal imbalance using Agilent Genomic Workbench 5.0.
Results: There was an average of 30 aberrations per patient with all samples displaying some level of chromosomal instability. Analysis of DNA copy number of frequently altered chromosomes revealed that deletions occurred primarily in chromosomes 4, 8 and 18. Chromosomal duplications occurred in more than 50% of cases on chromosomes 7, 8, 13, 20 and X. The CIN profile showed some differences when compared to alterations in Caucasians.
Conclusions: Prominent chromosome X amplification in male patients and chromosomes 4, 8 and 18 deletions were the primary targets in AAs. Most CAN genes were altered at high frequencies in AAs with EXOC4, EPHB6, GNAS, MLL3 and TBX22 as the most frequently deleted genes and HAPLN1, ADAM29, SMAD2 and SMAD4 as the most frequently amplified genes. CIN seems to be more prominent in AAs and may play a distinctive role in CRC development in this population.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B52.
Abstract B58: hnRNP H1, a novel coactivator of the androgen receptor implicated in progression and hormone resistance of prostate cancer in African Americans
Authors: Yang Yijun , Jia Dingwu , Davis Rodney , Srivastav Sudesh , Moroz Krzysztof , Crawford Byron E. , Moparty Krishnarao , Thomas Raju , Abdel-Mageed Asim B. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The causes of ethnic disparity in the clinical manifestation and outcome of prostate cancer (CaP) are not well understood. African Americans (AA) have twice the incidence and mortality of CaP than Caucasian Americans (CA). We identified by a novel functional genomics approach, encompassing laser capture microdissection (LCM), suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) and custom race-based CaPspecific cDNA array chips, selective expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNP H1) in prostate tumor cells of AA in comparison to CA men. hnRNP H1 expression correlates with disease progression and score and poor prognosis in AA men. Subsequent functional studies demonstrate that hnRNP H1 up-regulates transcription, and physically interacts with, and confers hormone-dependent and independent transactivation of androgen receptor (AR) in CaP cells. In addition, hnRNP H1 enhances AR binding to its cognate DNA element on promoter and enhancer element of PSA gene and selective exonic domains of the AR gene. These findings support a model in which hnRNP H1 is an auxiliary coactivator for ligand-dependent and independent transactivation of AR in tumor cells. Furthermore, siRNA silencing of hnRNP H1 elicited growth arrest and enhanced cytotoxicity of antiandrogen bicalutamide in CaP cells. Our data support a new role for hnRNP H1 in ethnic disparity of CaP and further demonstrate a previously uncharacterized mechanism for AR-hnRNP H1 axis in disease progression and development of hormone refractory in AA men.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B58.
Abstract B6: Social marketing intervention to increase HPV vaccine utilization among Hispanic girls: Preliminary data
Authors: Hull Pamela C. , Sanderson Maureen , Khabele Dineo , Canedo Juan 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Incidence and mortality rates from cervical cancer are higher in Hispanic women compared to non-Hispanic white women. The recently approved HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine has been proven effective in preventing 70% cervical cancer cases (those caused by two types of high-risk HPV). This translational research study draws on Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation theory to address the need to hasten the pace of diffusion of this new vaccine, especially among populations with high rates of cervical cancer. An academic-community partnership employed the methodology of community-based prevention marketing (CBPM) to develop a culturally appropriate, multilevel intervention aimed at increasing the utilization of the HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine against cervical cancer among Hispanic girls. CBPM combines social marketing theories and techniques with community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches for the development and implementation of public health interventions aimed at producing behavior change. In this presentation we will present the social marketing plan used in the intervention and preliminary data. The intervention uses a combination of Spanish-language media-radio, newspaper and printed brochures-to disseminate the messages throughout the community. A trained lay health promoter (promotora de salud) at Progreso Community Center receives phone calls to answer general questions about the vaccine and eligibility requirements for the VFC program, refers patients to appropriate locations to obtain the vaccine, and provides follow-up reminders. We present baseline intervention data on rates of HPV vaccine utilization by race/ethnicity and preliminary data on responses to the media campaign. The study contributes valuable knowledge about culturally and linguistically appropriate social marketing strategies for HPV vaccine use among Hispanics.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B6.
Abstract B62: Epigenetic DNA methylation changes may underlie racial differences and susceptibility to prostate cancer.
Authors: Kwabi-Addo Bernard , Wang Songping , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy and a leading cause of cancer deaths among men in the United States. African American (AA) men have both a higher incidence and significantly higher mortality rates than Caucasian (Cau) men. Abundant evidence has accumulated to suggest that epigenetic DNA methylation changes may appear earlier during PCa development than genetic changes, as well as more commonly and consistently. Most studies have emphasized DNA hypermethylation as an important mechanism for inactivation of key regulatory genes in prostate cancers. Thus methylated genes can serve as biomarkers for the detection of cancer from clinical specimens such as tissue biopsies or body fluids. We used pyrosequencing to quantitatively measure methylation status of GSTP1, AR, RAR 2, SPARC, TIMP3 and NKX2-5 in prostate tissue specimen from AA and Cau men. Statistical analysis showed significantly higher methylation in the prostate cancer tissue samples in comparison with matched normal samples. Overall, we observed significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) in the methylation level for all genes (except GSTP1) in the AA samples in comparison to the Cau samples. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed significantly higher methylation for NKX2-5 (p = 0.008) and TIMP3 (p = 0.039) in normal prostate tissue samples from AA in comparison with Cau, and a statistically significant association of methylation with age for NKX2-5 (p = 0.03) in AA in comparison with Cau. In conclusion, we observed higher prevalence of DNA methylation changes in prostate tissue samples from AA in comparison to Cau men. The DNA methylation differences in AA in comparison to Cau men may potentially contribute to racial disparity associated with prostate cancer. Gene specific DNA methylation changes could potentially lead to the identification of “ethnic sensitive” biomarker for PCa detection.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B62.
Abstract B75: Racial differences in Helicobacterpylori infection in the southeastern United States
Authors: Epplein Meira , Signorello Lisa B. , Blot William J. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Context: Gastric cancer incidence in African Americans is twice that in whites, and differing prevalence of strain-specific Helicobacter pylori infection may explain the disparity.
Objective: To investigate if there are racial differences in Helicobacter pylori infection.
Design, Setting, and Participants: The Southern Community Cohort Study recruited 86,000 participants, two-thirds African American, from 12 southeastern states from 2002-2009. Serum levels of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori proteins were assessed for a sample of 712 African American and non-Hispanic white participants using multiplex serology. Sero-positivity to each Helicobacter pylori protein was defined by predetermined cut-points based on median reporter fluorescence intensity. African and European admixture was estimated using a panel of 276 ancestry genetic markers, with “low,” “medium,” and “high” categories of African ancestry defined as &lt;85%, 85-95%, and ≥95%.
Main Outcome Measures: Odds ratios (ORs) for sero-positivity to antibodies to Helicobacter pyloriproteins, by race and African ancestry.
Results: In this sample of low-income African Americans and whites, 88% of African Americans and 69% of whites were sero-positive for Helicobacter pylori. Being African American, compared to being white, was associated with a 2- to 6-fold increased risk for sero-positivity to 8 of 15 Helicobacter pylori proteins examined, including CagA (OR, 5.88; 95% CI, 4.21 −8.22), and VacA (OR, 2.70; 1.96-3.72), previously established as virulence factors for gastric cancer risk. Compared to whites, African Americans of low, medium, and high African ancestry had 1.5-, 4.1 -, and 5.0-fold increased risks of sero-positivity to Helicobacter pylori, respectively, primarily related to CagA+ strains, for which increasing African ancestry led to 2.7-, 8.7-, and 12.3-fold increased risks, respectively (all Pfor trend &lt;0.0001).
Conclusions: African American race and increasing percentage of genetic estimation of African ancestry are strongly associated with prevalence of infection with Helicobacter pylori, particularly its virulent strains.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B75.
Abstract B77: Ethnicity and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) outcomes in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Noparast Maryam , Hogge Donna , Spinelli John J. , Gotay Carolyn , Bajdik Chris 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose: There are documented ethnic disparities in cancer care access, use and clinical outcomes in North America; however, the role of ethnicity on different outcomes of unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as an established treatment for many hematological and non-hematological malignancies has not been studied for Canadian patients.
Patients and Methods: We reviewed the registry data of 395 patients receiving first time unrelated donor HSCT for hematological malignancies at leukemia/BMT center of British Columbia (BC) between 1988 and 2008. They were reported to be white (N=340), Asian (N=32), native (N=8), Hispanic (N=3), black (N=2), mixed (N=9) and other- not specified (N=1) which were further categorized as white (N=340) and non-white (N=55). Different HSCT outcomes were compared by log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard regression adjusting for significant patient, disease and transplant related factors at 95% significance level.
Results: Univariate and multivariate analysis didn't show any statistically significant difference for overall survival, disease-free survival, relapse, acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) grade 2+ and chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) rates between whites and non-whites. We reanalyzed a subset of 115 cases (88 whites and 27 non-whites) who received their HSCT after June 2001 (start date for application of high resolution DNA-based HLA matching in the study center) and their underlying diagnosis was acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. The results showed a higher risk of cGVHD for non-whites in univariate analysis (HR1.82, 95% CI1.07-3.12, P=0.03), however; adjusting for covariates in the multivariate analysis resolved this difference (P = 0.09).
Conclusion: According to our data, HSCT clinical outcomes are comparable between white and non-white ethnic minorities in BC. The contrasting result with that of US studies might be due to different ethnic composition of BC and using a heterogeneous non-white ethnic group as the comparator (to increase the power of study) which could mask any unsought differences in the subgroups.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B77.
Abstract B79: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in time to treatment for breast cancer in the District of Columbia
Authors: Young Heather A. , Ulfers Margaret , Patierno Steven R. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine if there were racial and socioeconomic disparities in time to treatment among women diagnosed with breast cancer in the District of Columbia from 1998-2006.
The D.C. Cancer Registry provided a data file containing female breast cancer cases identified from 1998-2006 along with age at diagnosis, census tract, race, ethnicity, diagnosis date, stage, date of first treatment, treatment type, grade, and insurance status. Cancer registry data were linked to 2000 Census data by census tract to create a variable for socioeconomic status based on percentage of the population below the poverty level in each census tract. Analysis of covariance was utilized to determine if the time from diagnosis to first treatment was predicted by race, Hispanic ethnicity, insurance or socioeconomic status while controlling for stage, grade, and age at diagnosis. Time to treatment was also dichotomized into &lt;2 months and &gt;=2months and a multiple logistic regression model using the above variables was utilized to generate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to determine if any of the above variables predicted a treatment delay. Finally analysis was stratified by calendar year periods to determine if disparities were reduced or persisted over time.
After controlling for the above variables black women were significantly more likely than white women to have a time from diagnosis of breast cancer to treatment of &gt;=2 months (OR=2.19; 95% CI: 1.57, 3.06). Women who were diagnosed in 2001–;2003 (OR=1.72; 95% CI: 1.20,2.40) and 2004-2006 (OR=2.31; 95% CI: 1.62,3.35) were also significantly more likely to have a time to first treatment of 2 or more months compared to women diagnosed in 1998-2000. The adjusted mean times to treatment were significantly different for black versus white women (26.1 vs. 14.1 days). The mean time to treatment differed significantly by time period as well, at 14.8,19.4, and 26.1 days for 1998-2000,2001–;2003, and 2004-2006 respectively. A subgroup analysis of women with estrogen and progesterone receptor status data yielded similar results to the overall analysis. Lastly, when stratified by calendar period, black women were significantly more likely to experience longer time to treatment if diagnosed in 2001–2003 and 2004-2006 but not in 1998-2000.
Overall, black women with breast cancer in the District of Columbia are more likely to experience delays in treatment regardless of insurance type, socioeconomic status, and cancer characteristics such as stage and grade. Racial disparities in time to treatment have not abated over time and may have increased. Further research should be undertaken to determine the reasons that could underlie these delays and determine if disparities are actually worsening over time.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B79.
Abstract B81: A spatial analysis of racial variation in post-treatment outcomes in prostate cancer
Authors: Oliver M. Norman , Wells Kristen , Stukenborg George 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Prostate cancer exhibits marked geographic variation with regard to incidence, tumor characteristics, disease progression, and mortality at the local, national, and international level. Within the United States, African American men are approximately twice as likely as white men to die from the disease. It is hypothesized that racial variations in post-diagnosis treatment contribute in part to this disparity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the independent effect of race on the probability of recurrent prostate cancer among patients receiving definitive therapy (surgery or radiation) while adjusting for patient- and area- level characteristics. Incident prostate cancer cases among African American and white men that received definitive therapy within 6 months of diagnosis and were reported to the SEER-Medicare linked database between 1995 and 2002 were identified. Spatial patterning in receipt of definitive therapy treatment by race was mapped using GIS and statistically evaluated using Moran's I global index of spatial autocorrelation. A series of hierarchical logistic regression models with county level random effects were used to characterize the relationship between race and the probability of receipt of post-treatment PSA screening and recurrent prostate cancer. African American men were slightly less likely than white men to receive post-treatment surveillance (OR= 0.99,95% CI= 0.88,1.78) and to be diagnosed with recurrent prostate cancer (OR= 0.98,95% CI= 0.86,1.12), although the difference was not statistically significant. Our findings might underestimate receipt of post-treatment PSA surveillance due to limitations inherent in the use of SEER-Medicare data. Researchers should continue to investigate the implications of access to care and healthcare utilization by various populations and their effect on prostate health.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B81.
Abstract B93: Does race predict the likelihood of laparoscopic versus open colorectal cancer resection?
Authors: Lee Michael Y. , Wallet Joshua , Bell Theodore , Grim Rodney , Ahuja Vanita 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery has become an acceptable technique in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Recent studies have shown that laparoscopic resection may have lower complication rates than open surgery. This study analyzes if any racial disparity exists between black and white populations for receiving laparoscopic vs. open colorectal surgery and to identify any contributing factors to the choice of the type of surgery in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Methods: Admissions with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer undergoing laparoscopic or open elective colorectal surgery were selected from the 2007 Healthcare Cost & Utilization Project (HCUP) National Inpatient Sample. Chi-square and t-tests were used to assess patient characteristics using demographic information and ICD-9 codes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze independent predictors of laparoscopic approach to colorectal surgery.
Results: We identified 12,831 admissions (black n=1411, white n=11,424). Black and white patients were comparable in disease presentation (localized stage 57% vs. 61%) and geographic location (urban 96% vs. 90%). Blacks more often than whites were diagnosed with diabetes (24% vs. 17%), hypertension (64% vs. 53%), obesity (95 vs. 7%) and renal failure (8% vs. 4%) (all p&lt;0.05). Overall, laparoscopic surgery was performed in 738 cases (5.8%) with blacks receiving laparoscopic surgery significantly less (4.5%) than whites (5.9%, p= .028). Laparoscopic compared to open surgery was associated with fewer complications especially in those patients with co-morbidities (20.5% vs. 25.4%), shorter length of stay (6.6 vs. 9 days), lower mortality (0.4% vs. 2.3%), and lower median hospital charges ($38,021.50 vs. $41,444.50) (all p &lt; 0.05). Independent predictors of undergoing laparoscopic resection were white race (OR=1.44, p=0.024), localized disease stage (OR=1.816, p&lt;0.01), teaching hospital (OR=1.57, p0.05).
Conclusion: Significant racial disparity exists between black and white populations in use of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in the treatment of cancer. Even though laparoscopic colorectal surgery has a lower complication rate than open surgery for patients with co-morbidities, blacks undergo laparoscopic colorectal surgery less often than whites.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B93.