bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Bacillus cereusYB1 on growth, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, liver antioxidant enzyme activity, and intestinal structure of black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii
Authors: Wang Tengteng , Wang Fei , Sun Na , Cui Guangxin , Chen Yuzhen , Zhang Mingliang , Sun Shuo , Ma Ruichao , Sun Chunxiao , Han Huizong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus cereus YB1 on the growth, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, liver antioxidant enzyme activity, and intestinal tissue structure of juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). A 50‐day feeding experiment was conducted. Feeding was conducted in four diet groups: control group with no YB1 supplement in diet and three treatment groups E‐L, E‐M, and E‐H containing 105, 106, and 107 CFU/g YB1, respectively. The results revealed that the weight gain and specific growth rate of juvenile fish significantly increased, while the feed coefficient was reduced in all three diet treatment groups. This indicated that the growth of black rockfish was significantly and positively affected by YB1 feeding. Enzyme activity in the intestinal tract was not significantly affected by YB1. However, the activity of protease, amylase, and lipase increased because of YB1 treatment, except for the proteases in the E‐M diet group. Meanwhile, no significant differences were recorded in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes in liver, but the level of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde activities in treatments shows a better performance compared with the control in overall perspective. Furthermore, the structural features of the intestine (i.e., number of intestinal villi, length of gut villi, and thickness of muscularis) was significantly elevated with the inclusion of B. cereus YB1 in the diet. These results reveal that dietary supplementation of B. cereus YB1 is beneficial to the boosting of enzymatic activities and structure of intestinal tissue as well as the antioxidative ability of liver tissue. Such findings suggest that fish growth would be improved under YB1 feeding conditions.
Translating government policy into practice: How new UK medical schools enact widening participation
Authors: Cleland Jennifer , Buxton Jordan , Hughes Elizabeth , Patterson Fiona 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing the diversity of medical students, or widening participation (WP), is critical for social justice and healthcare delivery, and many governments are setting policies to encourage WP. However, establishing policy is only the first step in an educational change process: we also need to know “how” policy is enacted or how medical schools interpret and put into practice WP policy. Addressing this gap, the aim of this study was to examine policy enactment in six new UK medical schools with an explicit WP mandate.MethodsThis qualitative study, underpinned by social constructivism, used semi‐structured interviews to explore the experiences of key actors (6 Deans and 14 Admissions staff) of putting policy into practice when setting up a new medical school. Data coding and analysis were initially inductive, using thematic analysis. We then applied Ball's theory of policy enactment to organise the data into four contextual dimensions of ‘situation’, ‘professional’, ‘material’ and ‘external’.ResultsOn the surface, there were many similarities across the six schools in terms of the four dimensions. However, how these dimensions interacted illuminated tensions and differences. For example, some schools found themselves increasingly subjected to local and extra‐local rule systems, including pressure to follow host university norms and hosts struggling to accept that medical schools are heavily regulated. There were also tensions between the new medical schools and the medical education “establishment”, including lack of power and being judged by overly narrow outcomes.DiscussionDifferent contexts seem to influence the enactment of WP to medicine in different places, even in the same country, even in medical schools established at the same time. That policy enactment is a complex, non‐linear process of enactment is important to acknowledge: context is critical. Our findings will inform future policies and practices that aim to increase WP in medicine.
Metabolomic pathways in food allergy
Authors: Lee So‐Yeon , Park Yoon Mee , Yoo Hyun Ju , Hong Soo‐Jong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFood allergy (FA) is a widespread issue, affecting as many as 10% of the population. Over the past two to three decades, the prevalence of FA has been on the rise, particularly in industrialized and westernized countries. FA is a complex, multifactorial disease mediated by type 2 immune responses and involving environmental and genetic factors. However, the precise mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Metabolomics has the potential to identify disease endotypes, which could beneficially promote personalized prevention and treatment. A metabolome approach would facilitate the identification of surrogate metabolite markers reflecting the disease activity and prognosis. Here, we present a literature overview of recent metabolomic studies conducted on children with FA.image
What is philosophical progress?
Authors: Dellsén Finnur , Firing Tina , Lawler Insa , Norton James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhat is it for philosophy to make progress? While various putative forms of philosophical progress have been explored in some depth, this overarching question is rarely addressed explicitly, perhaps because it has been assumed to be intractable or unlikely to have a single, unified answer. In this paper, we aim to show that the question is tractable, that it does admit of a single, unified answer, and that one such answer is plausible. This answer is, roughly, that philosophical progress consists in putting people in a position to increase their understanding, where ‘increased understanding’ is a matter of better representing the network of dependence relations between phenomena. After identifying four desiderata for an account of philosophical progress, we argue that our account meets the desiderata in a particularly satisfying way. Among other things, the account explains how various other achievements, such as philosophical arguments, counterexamples, and distinctions, may contribute to progress. Finally, we consider the implications of our account for the pressing and contentious question of how much progress has been made in philosophy.
Foreign aid: An agent for socioeconomic development? A case study from an emerging economy: Pakistan
Authors: Zaidi Syed Muhammad Saad , Akhtar Muhammad Zubair , Sargana Mujahid Hussain 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPakistan's economy since its creation has remained heavily dependent on foreign aid, especially to manage the ever‐widening gap between the available financial resources, development expenditure, fiscal deficit, and current account deficit. This article critically evaluates the effectiveness of foreign aid in Pakistan from 2000 to 2022 via an in‐depth literature review and the rational actor model (RAM). Furthermore, a mixed‐method approach based on descriptive quantitative and in‐depth qualitative research methods was adopted for this study. The article demonstrates that RAM can assist policy makers, enabling them to make decisions vis‐à‐vis foreign aid while safeguarding national interests, particularly economic interests. However, this study finds that for Pakistan to achieve sustainable economic growth, increasing exports and attracting more foreign direct investment hold greater potential than continued reliance on foreign aid. In conclusion, the article prescribes policy measures to restructure Pakistan's political system to foster socioeconomic development through trade liberalization and good governance.Related ArticlesAsongu, Simplice A., and Joseph Nnanna. 2019. “Foreign Aid, Instability, and Governance in Africa.” Politics & Policy 47(4): 807–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12320.Dobransky, Steve. 2014. “Violators amongst Us: International Regimes and the Role of Compliance, a Case Study on Official Development Assistance.” Politics & Policy 42(4): 593–634. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12082.Scarlato, Margherita, and Giorgio d'Agostino. 2019. “The Political Dimension of Cash Transfers in Latin America and Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Comparative Perspective.” Politics & Policy 47(6): 1125–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12332.
Impact of tariff liberalization on economic and social benefits: Computable general equilibrium application to Kenya
Authors: Mwatu Shadrack Muthami , Nafula Nancy Nelima , Karanja John Gakuu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study employed computable general equilibrium policy simulations to examine the impact of import tariff liberalization on socioeconomic outcomes including living standards, cost of living, gross domestic product (GDP) from expenditure, total investment expenditure, intermediate input demand, output, value‐added, tariff revenue, sales tax revenue, indirect tax revenue, direct income tax revenue, factor income tax revenue, and factor demand. Findings from the simulations have policy implications touching on a need to embrace reciprocal tariff liberalization under agreements like strategic trade and investment partnerships and economic partnership agreements as they are associated with welfare gains, reduction in cost of living, and GDP growth. Targeted policy incentives could be directed to specific domestic sectors since tariff liberalization has negative impacts on investment expenditure. Incentives regarding intermediate inputs should be directed to the manufacturing and services sectors for liberalization of agrifood commodities. Targeted policy incentives should be directed to the manufacturing and services sectors which experience decrease in output with tariff reductions. Liberalization of manufactured commodities should be accompanied by value‐added incentives directed to the agrifood and home production–home consumption sectors. For the liberalization of manufactured commodities, targeted policy incentives should be directed to the services sector which experiences job losses while for the liberalization of tariffs on imports of agrifood commodities, targeted policy incentives should be directed to the agrifood and the home production–home consumption sectors, which also lose jobs. These targeted policy incentives could support industrial activity and compensate for revenue loss, especially from customs duties.Related ArticlesGruber, Lloyd. 2013. “Trade, Growth, Poverty, and Politics: Toward a Unified Theory.” Politics & Policy 41(5): 723–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12034.Onyango, Gedion, and Japheth Otieno Ondiek. 2022. “Open Innovation During the COVID‐19 Pandemic Policy Responses in South Africa and Kenya.” Politics & Policy 50(5): 1008–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12490.Soto, Gloria. 2012. “Environmental Impact of Agricultural Trade Liberalization under NAFTA.” Politics & Policy 40(3): 471–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00354.x.
Can the military be a better manager of the economy?
Authors: Sun Mingchao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPakistan has struggled for a political system suitable for its postindependence development; however, repeated struggles between democracy and dictatorship have slowed Pakistan's economic growth. I quantified the impact of military dictatorship on Pakistan's economy from 1999 to 2008 using synthetic control methods. I found that while the average annual GDP per capita growth grew during the military dictatorship, it was four times lower than synthetic Pakistan's. I conclude that the military did not help Pakistan with its economic malaise. The increase in military expenditure and the prevalence of terrorism due to the military dictatorship may have hindered Pakistan's economic growth.
Integrating personality psychology and intersectionality to advance diversity in the study of persons
Authors: Westberg Dulce Wilkinson , Syed Moin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConsideration of how interrelated social structures relate with personality has been limited. In this paper, we discuss how researchers might apply an intersectional framework–which uses a social justice lens to examine how social structures are interconnected and impact individuals—at three distinct levels of personality including traits, characteristic adaptations, and integrative life narratives. We begin by providing conceptualizations of personality and intersectionality and describe considerations for their integration, including the need to widen the methodological and epistemological scope of personality science. Key areas of research that demonstrate the promise of an intersectional framework for unpacking structures of power and oppression in relation to the person are then described for each level of personality. Specifically, recommendations for how an intersectional framework may be used to examine structural identity domains in relation to trait levels, values and goals, as well as the content and process of narrated lives are offered. We conclude with discussion of how application of an intersectional framework is crucial for promoting inclusion and generalizability in personality science.
Microplastic pollution in terrestrial environment: Identification, characterization, and risk assessment in Indore, Central India
Authors: Singh Surya , Chakma Sankar , Alawa Bablu , Kalyanasundaram Madhanraj , Diwan Vishal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWidespread use of plastics and improper management of plastic waste have resulted in generation of microplastic particles in the environment. These microplastic particles are pervasive contaminants having potential to invade almost all the environmental matrices and biotic species including humans. Therefore, immediate concern is necessary to investigate the level of contamination and probable risk imposed because of microplastics. Present investigation has been carried out for estimating the presence of microplastics in terrestrial environment of Indore, which is considered as commercial capital of the state of Madhya Pradesh (India). Soil samples (30 in no.) were collected from agricultural and recreational areas of the city and analysed for the presence of microplastics. Approximately 11 particles/kg and 68.25 particles/kg were found in the agricultural and recreational site soil samples, respectively. Chemical composition analysis revealed that most of the microplastic particles belonged to polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, and polyamide. Significant presence of various fibres made up of polyester, polyacrylic, and cellulose acetate was also seen, which could be attributed to the presence of textile industries in and around Indore. Ecological risk assessment aided in concluding that study area soil is under the ‘very low’ risk category; however, considering the long‐term impacts of microplastics, suitable control measures for plastic waste are needed to be adopted.
From Experimenting with Property to Experimenting on Place: A Rejoinder to Migozzi and Safransky
Authors: Fields Desiree 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis rejoinder engages with the commentaries on my article on ‘Digital experiments with landed property’ from Julien Migozzi and Sara Safransky. In my response, I share my reflections on the valuable provocations and interrelated themes offered in these generous commentaries. First, I argue that an especially distinctive aspect of digital experiments with landed property is the volumetric property relations they are generating. Second, I attend to subjectivities cultivated within and against digitised property relations, and how they relate to structures of power. Third, I extend my thinking on the glitchiness and fallibility associated with processes of experimentation.
Market area analysis with a focus on the spatial relationship between sites and their visitors
Authors: Sadahiro Yukio , Matsumoto Hidetaka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article proposes a new approach to market area analysis. Market area analysis is conducted in various academic fields, such as retail geography, marketing science, transportation science, and tourism study. It aims to understand the factors that affect visitors' choice behavior, which improves the performance of various sites, such as stores, restaurants, museums, and stadiums. Methods for market area analysis, however, have not been fully developed in the literature. To fill the research gap, this article proposes new methods of market area analysis. The first method considers the relationship between a site and its visitors. Our focus is on the spatial pattern of visitors around a site. The second method discusses the spatial relationship between the visitors of two sites. We evaluate the competing relationship between different sites. We applied the methods to the analysis of mountain climbers in Japan. The results gave us useful and interesting empirical findings, indicating the method's soundness.
Retrospective evaluation of traumatic pneumomediastinum in dogs and cats (2005–2022): 52 cases
Authors: Klainbart Sigal , Shipov Anna , Tygiel Daliya , Segev Gilad , Kelmer Efrat 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the incidence, etiology, clinical signs, diagnostics, treatments, and outcome of noniatrogenic traumatic pneumomediastinum (TPM) in dogs and cats.DesignRetrospective study of cases (2005–2022).SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsFifty‐two patients (29 dogs, 23 cats).Measurements and Main ResultsData collected from the medical records included signalment, physical examination findings, animal trauma triage (ATT) score, clinicopathological data, imaging data, surgical intervention, length of hospitalization, supportive care, complications, and outcome. Most dogs presented with tachycardia and tachypnea, while cats presented with hypothermia and tachypnea. Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and dyspnea were the most common clinical signs for both species. The median calculated ATT score was 3.5 in dogs and 4 in cats. The most common radiographic abnormalities other than pneumomediastinum were pneumothorax and lung contusions. The overall mortality rate was 18%, with a significantly higher survival rate in dogs (26/28 dogs [93%], 15/22 cats (68%); P = 0.03). Outcome was unknown in 1 dog and 1 cat. The only significant difference in treatment between survivors and nonsurvivors was the requirement in dogs for positive pressure ventilation. The median hospitalization period was 2 days for both species, with a shorter hospitalization in the nonsurvivors (0.6 vs 2 days, respectively; P = 0.006).ConclusionsTPM is an infrequent pathology in veterinary medicine and may be seen without an externally obvious injury. The most common causes for TPM in dogs were vehicular trauma and bite wounds, while high‐rise syndrome was the most common cause in cats. Most of the cases have concurrent pneumothorax and require thoracocentesis; however, direct intervention to treat TPM is not usually required. The vast majority of cases did not undergo surgery to treat TPM. The prognosis for dogs with TPM was good but was guarded for cats.
Effectiveness of dose-intensified salvage regimens versus standard-dose chemotherapy for progression-free survival in early progressed follicular lymphoma before autologous stem cell transplantation: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Pereira Mesquita Felipe , Borges dos Santos Kelli , Takahashi Juliana Akie , Guimarães Dutra Giffoni dos Santos Marina , Felizardo Alvim Glauber , Hallack Neto Abrahão Elias 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
This review will evaluate the effectiveness of dose-intensified versus standard-dose salvage regimens on progression-free survival in early progressed follicular lymphoma before high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.

Introduction:
Despite the substantial advances in the management of follicular lymphoma, approximately 20% of patients experience progression of the disease within 2 years of induction therapy. These patients have worse outcomes, and autologous stem cell transplantation has been shown to improve outcomes in this context. Little is known about the optimal salvage regimen.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies must include patients ≥18 years old with early progressed follicular lymphoma who were submitted to autologous stem cell transplantation in subsequent remission. Clinical trials and observational studies will be included.

Methods:
The search strategy will be carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Periódicos CAPES), Scopus, Web of Science, LiLACS, and the Cochrane Library. No date or language restrictions will be imposed. The recommended JBI approach to critical appraisal, study selection, data extraction, and data synthesis will be used. Studies should score at least 50% in accordance with the critical appraisal tool. Data will be pooled whenever possible using the random effects model. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the standard χ2 and I
2 tests. A funnel plot will be generated to assess publication bias if there are 10 or more studies included in the meta-analysis. The GRADE approach will be used to rate certainty of evidence.

Review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42022373345
Investigating the Effect of a Multicomponent Exercise Program on Adropin, Endothelial Function, Insulin Resistance, and Sleep Quality in Overweight Older Adults (a Link With Physiological Indexes and Sleep Quality): Results of a Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Ghasemi Elham , Cheraghbirjandi Kazem 
Published: May 2024

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of multicomponent training on adropin, endothelial function, insulin resistance, and sleep quality in overweight older adults. In this randomized controlled study, 40 overweight older adults were randomly divided into training and control groups. The multicomponent training program including aerobic, resistance, and balance exercise was followed for 8 weeks, 3 days a week. Study variables were measured 48 hr before and after the intervention. After 8 weeks of multicomponent training, adropin (p = .01), nitric oxide (p = .01), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max; p = .002) increased, and glucose (p = .001), insulin (p = .001), insulin resistance (p = .01), systolic blood pressure (p = .01), and sleep disorders (p = .01) decreased significantly. Also, Pearson’s test results showed a significant inverse relationship between adropin level (p = .01 and r = −.55) and glucose (p = .01 and r = −.51) with sleep disorders. It seems that multicomponent training increases adropin and improves insulin resistance, endothelial function, and sleep quality in older adults.