bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promise, performance and current limitations of a magnetic Bedload Movement Detector
Authors: Hassan Marwan A. , Church Michael , Rempel Jason , Enkin Randolph J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUnderstanding fluvial bedload transport and its geomorphic implications is hampered by the paucity and low accuracy of field‐derived transport data. Tunnicliffe et al. (Hydrological Processes, 2000; 14: 2631–2643) described the Bedload Movement Detector (BMD), a magnetic induction system for measuring bedload movement in gravel‐bed rivers based on a sensor that produces signals when its magnetic field is enhanced by a passing particle. We conducted two types of laboratory experiments to attempt to calibrate the BMD system: (1) rotating platter experiments were designed to relate sensor response curves to particle properties, and (2) flume experiments were designed to measure particle speed and permit computation of a calibrated model. Physically based relations were derived amongst particle volume, speed and magnetic content, and signal integral, amplitude and width. The calibrated relations demonstrate a basis to estimate sediment flux in gravel‐bed rivers, but they require independent knowledge of particle magnetic susceptibility. Over the course of the experiments a number of weaknesses in the sensor design and performance were identified and suggestions are made to improve the system. The high spatial and temporal resolution of data that magnetic sensors of bedload movement are likely to offer makes them valuable to consider for sediment transport measurements in both the field and laboratory. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bedside screening for executive dysfunction in patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease
Authors: Margraf Nils , Bachmann Thomas , Schwandner Wiebke , Gottschalk Stefan , Seidel Günter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated several executive bedside tests for their effectiveness in the routine clinical diagnostics of dysexecutive syndrome in subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD).MethodsFive executive tests, CLOX, the Tower of London (ToL), a cognitive estimation test (CET), a verbal fluency test, and the Five‐Point Test, were examined in 17 patients with marked cerebral microangiopathy in cranial MRI and clinical symptoms of SIVD. The test accuracy for discriminating the patients from 17 healthy comparison subjects closely matched for age, gender and level of education was determined.ResultsAside from the CET we found a significant lower performance of the patients with SIVD in four of the five used executive tests. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses the accuracy of CLOX 1 showed excellent results for distinguishing between patients and comparison subjects (area under the curve (AUC) 0.901), while the ToL (AUC up to 0.845) and the productivity in the phonemic verbal fluency test (AUC 0.829) achieved a good accuracy. Differently the accuracy of the figural fluency was only poor to fair (AUC 0.706). However, the Youden Indices of the significant executive variables showed a wide range from 0.25 to 0.82.ConclusionsBased on our data we consider CLOX, the ToL and the verbal fluency test promising executive bedside test concepts for diagnosing the dysexecutive syndrome in SIVD in clinical routine. Particularly for CLOX and the ToL a further psychometric evaluation is required. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Task‐related gamma‐band dynamics from an intracerebral perspective: Review and implications for surface EEG and MEG
Authors: Jerbi Karim , Ossandón Tomás , Hamamé Carlos M. , Senova S. , Dalal Sarang S. , Jung Julien , Minotti Lorella , Bertrand Olivier , Berthoz Alain , Kahane Philippe , Lachaux Jean‐Philippe 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough non‐invasive techniques provide functional activation maps at ever‐growing spatio‐temporal precision, invasive recordings offer a unique opportunity for direct investigations of the fine‐scale properties of neural mechanisms in focal neuronal populations. In this review we provide an overview of the field of intracranial Electroencephalography (iEEG) and discuss its strengths and limitations and its relationship to non‐invasive brain mapping techniques. We discuss the characteristics of invasive data acquired from implanted epilepsy patients using stereotactic‐electroencephalography (SEEG) and electrocorticography (ECoG) and the use of spectral analysis to reveal task‐related modulations in multiple frequency components. Increasing evidence suggests that gamma‐band activity (>40 Hz) might be a particularly efficient index for functional mapping. Moreover, the detection of high gamma activity may play a crucial role in bridging the gap between electrophysiology and functional imaging studies as well as in linking animal and human data. The present review also describes recent advances in real‐time invasive detection of oscillatory modulations (including gamma activity) in humans. Furthermore, the implications of intracerebral findings on future non‐invasive studies are discussed. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of poly(sebacic acid‐co‐ricinoleic acid) biodegradable delivery system for intratumoral delivery of paclitaxel
Authors: Shikanov Ariella , Vaisman Boris , Shikanov Sergey , Domb Abraham J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe effectiveness of an injectable polymeric formulation, based on poly(sebacic acid‐co‐ricinoleic acid) and paclitaxel against a heterotopic tumor model was studied. An injectable pasty polymer that releases an incorporated drug over a period of weeks was used. The degradation rate of formulations with paclitaxel was examined in vitro and in vivo. The effectiveness of the polymeric carrier of paclitaxel was investigated using a melanoma heterotopic model in C57BL/6 mice. Tumor bearing animals were injected intratumorally with 0.1 ml of formulations containing 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% paclitaxel. Formulations with 5% and 10% paclitaxel content degraded faster in vivo then in vitro. Changes in tumor progression, survival time, and body weight were observed over a period of 77 days. The highest tumor size was reported for the control groups that did not receive paclitaxel in their treatment regiment: 3.6 g on day 20, while in all groups treated with polymer loaded with paclitaxel the tumor size was much smaller than that in the blank polymer or non treatment groups and ranged from 1.3 g to 0.3 g. Intratumoral injection of paclitaxel loaded in the polymer was found to be an effective treatment for localized tumors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
Systemes aromatiques à 10 électrons π dérivés de l'aza‐1‐pentalène. I. Recherches dans la série du pyrazolo[3,4‐d]‐v‐triazole
Authors: Gonzalez Emmanuel , Sarlin Raymond , Elguero José 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAprès avoir établi la structure des dérivés N‐méthylés par voie univoque, on examine la réactivité d'un dérivé du pyrazolo[3,4‐d]‐v‐triazole vis‐à‐vis de differents agents de méthylation. On propose une structure pour les dérivés NNO et NCOR.
Heterocycles tellures:Synthese et proprietes de tellurochromannones‐4
Authors: Dereu Norbert , Piette Jean‐Louis , Van Coppenolle Jacques , Renson Marcel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA general method of preparation of tellurochromanones is described by Friedel‐Crafts intramolecular cyclisation of the corresponding acids. The structure was determined by chemical evidence, analysis, uv, ir and nmr spectra. The first tellurochromannols and tellurochromene are also described.
The reactions of C(α), O‐dilithiooximes, C(α), N‐dilithiophenylhydrazones, and C(α), N,N‐trilithiohydrazones with diethyl oxalate to give biisoxazoles, bipyrazoles, and pyridazones
Authors: Sandifer Ronda M. , Dasher Luther W. , Hollinger Wayne M. , Thomas C. Wayne , Reames David C. , Beam Charles F. , Foote Robert S. , Hauser Charles R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSeveral C(α), O‐dilithiooximes were condensed with diethyl oxalate and acid‐cyclized to give biisoxazoles. Only dilithio p‐fluoroacetophenone phenylhydrazone gave the bipyrazole when condensed with this diester. Other C(α), N‐dilithiophenylhydrazones and several C(α), N,N‐trilithio‐hydrazones were condensed with diethyl oxalate and acid‐cyclized to give the intramolecular 4‐hydroxy‐3‐pyridazones. Several non‐cyclized intermediates were isolated and a reaction mechanism is presented.
Benzo‐ and indoloquinolizine derivatives. III. Synthesis and structural assignments of 4b,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11‐octahydro‐15bH‐tribenzo‐[a,c,h]quinolizine (4b,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11–octahydro‐15bH‐isoquino[2,1‐f] phenanthridine)
Authors: Van Binst G. , Baert R. B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractStarting from either trans‐2‐phenylcyclohexylamine or the cis isomer, two epimers of 4b,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11‐Octahydro‐15bH‐tribenzo[a,c,h]quinolizine have been synthesized. The four possible diastereoisomers of this compound were obtained by reduction of the enamine 5,6,7,8,10,11‐hexahydro‐15bH‐tribenzo[a,c,h]quinolizine. Configuration and conformation are discussed by use of ir, 67.88 MHz cmr and 270 MHz pmr spectroscopy.
1,8‐Naphthyridines. Part III. Synthesis of some 6‐substituted‐1,8‐naphthyridin‐2(1H)ones
Authors: Eichler Eva , Rooney Clarence Stanley , Williams Haydn Windsor Richard 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe syntheses of some 1,8‐naphthyridines substituted in the 6‐position with heterocyclic groups are described. A synthetic route to 6‐amino‐5,7‐dimethyl‐1,8‐naphthyridin‐2(1H)one is also presented.
A new synthesis of s‐triazines
Authors: Alsofrom D. , Grossberg H. , Sheffer H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe unions of urea, guanidine, thiourea, biguanide, and biuret were reacted with aromatic nitriles to yield s‐triazines. Ortho‐chloro substituted aromatic nitriles gave other products or did not react because of steric factors.
Hochschullehrernachwuchs und Professorinnen 2008
Authors: Schmitz Karin 
Published: April 2009

Abstract Zum dritten Mal nach 2004 und 2006 wurden Ende vergangenen Jahres die Dekanate der Chemiefakultäten nach Anzahl und Fachrichtung der Habilitanden und Juniorprofessuren, der abgeschlossenen Habilitationen und der Zahl der weiblichen W2/C3— und W3/C4‐Professoren gefragt. Hier sind nun die Ergebnisse. Die GDCh dankt allen Ansprechpartnern an den Hochschulen, die die Daten ihrer Fakultäten zur Verfügung gestellt haben.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, A1298C and G1793A genotypes, and the relationship between maternal folate intake, tibia lead and infant size at birth
Authors: Kordas Katarzyna , Ettinger Adrienne S. , Lamadrid-Figueroa Héctor , Tellez-Rojo Martha M. , Hérnandez-Avila Mauricio , Hu Howard , Wright Robert O. 
Published: April 2009

Small size at birth continues to be a problem worldwide and many factors, including reduced folate intake and Pb exposure, are associated with it. However, single factors rarely explain the variability in birth weight, suggesting a need for more complex explanatory models. We investigated environment–gene interactions to understand whether folate intake and maternal Pb exposure were associated with smaller newborn size in 474 women with uncomplicated pregnancies delivering term infants in Mexico City. We examined if folate intake modified the negative effects of maternal Pb burden on birth size. We also asked if maternal and infant methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotypes (C677T, A1298C and G1793A) modified the effects of folate intake or Pb exposure on birth size. Women were aged 24·6 (sd 5·1) years; 43·5 % were primiparous. Maternal blood Pb at delivery was 86 (sd 42) μg/l, with 26·7 % having levels ≥ 100 μg/l. Tibia Pb level was 9·9 (sd 9·8) μg/g. Of the women, 35·3 % had folate intakes < 400 μg/d. Birth weight was 3170 (sd 422) g. In covariate-adjusted regressions, higher folate intake was associated with higher birth weight (β 0·04; P < 0·05). Higher bone Pb was associated with lower birth weight (β − 4·9; P < 0·05). Folate intake did not modify the effects of Pb on birth size, nor did MTHFR modify the association between Pb or folate intake on birth size. Although modest, the relationship between maternal nutrition, Pb burden and birth size does underscore the importance of environmental exposures to child health because patterns of fetal growth may affect health outcomes well into adulthood.
Sex
Authors: Webber Jonathan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe sexual domain is unified only by the phenomenal quality of the occurrence of the desires, activities, and pleasures it includes. There is no conceptual restriction on the range of intentional objects those desires, activities, and pleasures can take. Neither is there good conceptual reason to privilege any class of them as paradigmatic. Since the quality unifying the sexual is not morally significant, the morality of sexuality is no different from morality in general. The view that participant consent is morally sufficient in the sexual domain therefore requires the more controversial view that it is morally sufficient in general.
Study of Fish Weight Loss in Solar Dryer Across Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Nigeria
Authors: Olokor Julius , Ugoala Emeka , Ibitoye Adenike 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDrying sessions were conducted across Nigeria to study the interaction between fish weight loss and the meteorological parameters. Correlation analyses using weight loss values show that latitude is strongly related (r =+0.96) to weight loss of fish inside the dryer while altitude had a weak relationship (r = +0.24) with weight loss. The results show that New Bussa recorded more weight loss of fish than Jos, despite their uniform latitude. Weight loss records in Jos, was however better than those of Warri and Ibadan.
Heat-Shock and Redox-Dependent Functional Switching of an h-Type Arabidopsis Thioredoxin from a Disulfide Reductase to a Molecular Chaperone
Authors: Park Soo Kwon , Jung Young Jun , Lee Jung Ro , Lee Young Mee , Jang Ho Hee , Lee Seung Sik , Park Jin Ho , Kim Sun Young , Moon Jeong Chan , Lee Sun Yong , Chae Ho Byoung , Shin Mi Rim , Jung Ji Hyun , Kim Min Gab , Kim Woe Yeon , Yun Dae-Jin , Lee Kyun Oh , Lee Sang Yeol 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A large number of thioredoxins (Trxs), small redox proteins, have been identified from all living organisms. However, many of the physiological roles played by these proteins remain to be elucidated. We isolated a high M r (HMW) form of h-type Trx from the heat-treated cytosolic extracts of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) suspension cells and designated it as AtTrx-h3. Using bacterially expressed recombinant AtTrx-h3, we find that it forms various protein structures ranging from low and oligomeric protein species to HMW complexes. And the AtTrx-h3 performs dual functions, acting as a disulfide reductase and as a molecular chaperone, which are closely associated with its molecular structures. The disulfide reductase function is observed predominantly in the low M r forms, whereas the chaperone function predominates in the HMW complexes. The multimeric structures of AtTrx-h3 are regulated not only by heat shock but also by redox status. Two active cysteine residues in AtTrx-h3 are required for disulfide reductase activity, but not for chaperone function. AtTrx-h3 confers enhanced heat-shock tolerance in Arabidopsis, primarily through its chaperone function.
The influence of chronic periodontitis on serum TNF‐α, IL‐6 and hs‐CRP concentrations, and function of graft and survival of kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Blach Anna , Franek Edward , Witula Artur , Kolonko Aureliusz , Chudek Jerzy , Drugacz Jan , Wiecek Andrzej 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:  Objective:  The aim of the study is to analyze whether chronic periodontitis (CP) influences serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) concentrations in renal transplant recipients and patients or graft survival.Background:  CP is associated both with higher serum concentrations of cytokines and CRP and high cardiovascular risk.Methods:  One hundred and seventeen patients with a transplanted kidney (Tx) were divided according to the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) into two subgroups: TxP+: severe CP (CPITN 3‐4) and TxP−: no or moderate CP (CPITN 0‐2). The control group (C) consisted of 36 subjects with no kidney disease and with no or moderate CP (CPITN 0‐2).Results:  hs‐CRP concentration was higher in TxP+ than in TxP− patients [2.0 mg/L (0.7–4.4) vs. 0.9 mg/L (0.3–1.9), p = 0.006]. There were no differences in serum TNF‐α and IL‐6 between TxP+ and TxP−. Significant positive correlation between CPITN score and hs‐CRP concentration was found both in Tx and C. The hazard ratio of death was 7.17 (1.4–76.4) for TxP+ patients. CP status did not increase the risk of graft loss or doubling of serum creatinine.Conclusions:  Severe CP is associated with increased serum hs‐CRP concentration in patients after kidney transplantation. Severe periodontitis seems to increase the risk of patients’ death after kidney transplantation.
Predictors and survival in hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Nguyen Van TT , Amin Janaki , Law Matthew G , Dore Gregory J 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased markedly over the last three decades in Australia. An increasing proportion of HCC cases is related to chronic viral hepatitis including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, there is very limited data on HBV‐related HCC survival.Methods:  Data on HBV‐related HCC cases was obtained from a community‐based linkage study. HCC cases notified to the New South Wales (NSW) Central Cancer Registry (CCR) during the period 1994–2002 were linked to HBV notifications from the NSW Health Department. Age, sex, country of birth, year of diagnosis, tumor stage were extracted from the CCR database. Survival analysis was conducted to determine median survival and identify predictors of survival.Results:  Over the 9‐year study period, 278 HCC cases were linked to chronic HBV infection. The majority of cases were male (83.5%) and overseas‐born (93.6%); Asian‐born cases accounted for 72.1%. Median survival following HCC diagnosis was 15.0 months. HCC survival was poorer among older age groups (P < 0.0001), and among cases with regional spread (hazard ratio, 3.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.83–5.69; P < 0.0001) and distant metastases (hazard ratio, 3.85; 95% confidence interval, 2.44–6.08; P < 0.0001). Sex, region of birth and study period (1994–1997 vs 1998–2002) were not associated with HCC survival.Conclusion:  The vast majority of HBV‐related HCC were overseas‐born, however, region of birth was unrelated to HCC survival. The continued extremely poor HCC survival, including lack of improvement in HCC survival in more recent years, suggests low uptake of HCC screening programs. Public health strategies including early diagnosis and appropriate referral for antiviral therapy assessment and increased HCC screening among high‐risk populations are required to reduce HCC incidence and improve HCC survival.
Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of Epstein–Barr virus‐associated gastric carcinoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Ju‐Han , Kim Seo‐Hee , Han Sun‐Hee , An Jung‐Suk , Lee Eung‐Seok , Kim Young‐Sik 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThere is conflicting data regarding the clinicopathological significance of the risk factors associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC). To address this controversy, we performed a meta‐analysis for the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of EBVaGC. The relevant published studies were reviewed according to the defined selection criteria. The effect sizes of the outcome parameters were estimated by an odds ratio or a weighted mean difference. This meta‐analysis included 48 studies that encompassed a total of 9738 patients. The frequency of EBVaGC was 8.8%, and EBVaGC was significantly associated with ethnicity. It was more predominant in men and in younger individuals. Interestingly, EBVaGC was more prevalent in Caucasian and Hispanic patients than in Asian ones. EBVaGC developed most often in the cardia and body, and it generally showed the diffuse histological type. EBV was highly prevalent in the patients with lymphoepithelial carcinoma. EBVaGC was closely associated with remnant cancer and a CpG island methylator‐high status, but not with Helicobacter pylori infection, a TP53 expression, and p53 mutation. In addition, EBVaGC was not significantly associated with the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, or the clinical stage. The clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of EBVaGC are quite different from those of conventional gastric adenocarcinoma. However, further study is needed to determine the effect of EBV on the survival of EBVaGC patients.
Neonatal blood cultures: Effect of delayed entry into the blood culture machine and bacterial concentration on the time to positive growth in a simulated model
Authors: Jardine Luke Anthony , Sturgess Barbara Ruth , Inglis Garry Donald Trevor , Davies Mark William 
Published: March 2009

Aims:  To determine if: time from blood culture inoculation to positive growth (total time to positive) and time from blood culture machine entry to positive growth (machine time to positive) is altered by delayed entry into the automated blood culture machine, and if the total time to positive differs by the concentration of organisms inoculated into blood culture bottles.Methods:  Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and group B beta‐haemolytic streptococci were chosen as clinically significant representative organisms. Two concentrations (≥10 colony‐forming units per millilitre and <1 colony‐forming units per millilitre) were inoculated into PEDS BacT/Alert blood culture bottles and randomly allocated to one of three delayed automated blood culture machine entry times (30 min/8.5 h/15.5 h).Results:  For all organisms at all concentrations, except the Staphylococcus epidermidis, the machine time to positive was significantly decreased by delayed entry. For all organisms at all concentrations, the mean total time to positive significantly increased with increasing delayed entry into the blood culture machine. Higher concentrations of group B beta‐haemolytic streptococci and Escherichia coli grew significantly faster than lower concentrations.Conclusion:  Bacterial growth in inoculated bottles, stored at room temperature, continues although at a slower rate than in those blood culture bottles immediately entered into the machine. If a blood culture specimen has been stored at room temperature for greater than 15.5 h, the currently allowed safety margin of 36 h (before declaring a result negative) may be insufficient.