bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong and Tough Eutectogels with Broad‐Range Tunable Mechanical Properties via the Hydrogen Bond Network‐Specific Effect
Authors: Huo Xiaosheng , Wang Junlong , Cong Zhenhua , Liu Chen , Cai Chunjing , Wang Yaxuan , Zhang Xiangqian , Li Chengning , Lan Si , Niu Jian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEutectogels represent promising materials for technological applications due to their excellent ionic conductivity, thermal and electrochemical stability, and nonvolatility. Nonetheless, most existing eutectogels suffer from low strength and toughness. Herein, a strategy to broadly alter the mechanical properties of eutectogels by tuning the aggregation states of polymer chains through the specific hydrogen bond network of a deep eutectic solvent is reported. The prepared eutectogels exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, including record‐breaking toughness (203.38 MJ m−3) and strength (31.53 MPa), outperforming even the toughest reported eutectogels and surpassing synthetic polymers such as PDMS, synthetic rubber, and natural spider silk. By tailoring the deep eutectic solvent's hydrogen bond network through careful selection of the number and types of hydrogen bonding functional groups, the mechanical properties of eutectogels can be precisely tuned across a wide range. Specifically, tensile strength is adjusted from 8.19 to 31.53 MPa, toughness from 69.84 to 203.38 MJ m−3, and modulus from 3.38 to 13.01 MPa. Given the diversity of deep eutectic solvents, the proposed strategy allows for rational design of their hydrogen‐bond networks to further optimize the mechanical properties of eutectogels, providing a versatile approach for the controlled preparation of high‐strength, tough eutectogels.
Tough and Closed‐Loop Recyclable Thermoplastic Elastomers From Sequential Ring‐Opening Copolymerization of Bio‐Renewable β‐Methyl‐δ‐Valerolactone and δ‐Valerolactone
Authors: Yu Xinxin , Wang Liying , Zhang Min , Dong Xinyu , Shen Yong , Li Zhibo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDespite the great successes achieved for the closed‐loop recyclable polymers in the last decade, thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) with closed‐loop recyclability and good mechanical performances are largely underexplored. In this contribution, the preparation of PδVL‐b‐PβMVL‐b‐PδVL triblock copolymers via one‐pot sequential ring‐opening copolymerization of bio‐renewable β‐methyl‐δ‐valerolactone (βMVL) and δ‐valerolactone (δVL) is achieved. The obtained triblock copolymers behave as TPEs that exhibit superior tensile strength and toughness as well as comparable elasticity to the most previously reported polyester‐based and commercial styrenic copolymer‐based TPEs. Remarkably, these triblock copolymers can be depolymerized to recover pristine monomers with a high yield by simply heating the materials under reduced pressure in the presence of stannous octoate as the catalyst. The recovered monomers can be separated or directly used to prepare TPEs with comparable performances to original TPEs, thus establishing a closed‐loop life cycle.
Programmable WSe2 2D Lateral p‐n Junctions Controlled by Dual Floating Gates
Authors: Jiazila Nuertai , Song Peng , Wei Chijun , Liu Xuanye , Gao Hui , Sun Jiequn , Du Chengze , Guo Hui , Yang Haitao , Bao Lihong , Gao Hong‐Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) materials with inherent flexibility, transparency, and sizable bandgap have gained significant attention as promising candidates for future semiconductor nanodevices. However, complementary doping in these 2D semiconductors remains a challenge because conventional ion implantation can lead to permanent damage to the atomically thin 2D channels. Here, programmable WSe2 2D lateral p‐n homojunction controlled by dual floating gates on a SiO2/Si substrate, achieving a rectification ratio of ≈105 and three dynamically switchable current levels is demonstrated. By injecting charges into two floating gates by applying voltage pulses with different polarities, lateral p‐n, n‐p, n‐n, p‐p homojunction can be formed. The ideality factors for the p‐n and n‐p junctions are extracted as ≈1.56 and ≈1.57, respectively. The WSe2 p‐n homojunction shows a maximum photovoltage responsivity of 6.67 × 109 V W−1 under a weak light power of 0.09 nW. These results demonstrate outstanding electrical and optoelectronic properties in the programmable 2D lateral p‐n junctions, establishing a solid foundation for the development of future non‐volatile reconfigurable devices.
Nanotheranostics with Radionuclides for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Cui Minhui , Zhu Mengmeng , Tang Dongsheng , Cao Zheng , Xiao Haihua , Shang Kun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAnti‐tumor theranostic radionuclide nanosystems have gained significant attention as an emerging therapeutic strategy. This review systematically elucidates the concept and recent advances of anti‐tumor nanotheranostic systems with radionuclides, with a focus on the design of nanocarriers, precise selection of radionuclides, and their advantages and limitations in clinical translation. This review also explores the integration of radionuclide imaging with various treatment modalities, including photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the combination of radionuclide therapy with fluorescence imaging and magnetic resonance imaging technologies, which broadens the application of nanotheranostics, is discussed. Finally, the review outlooks the future development of anti‐tumor nanotheranostics with radionuclides and proposes a key research focus.
FeIr Alloy Optimizes the Trade‐Off Between Nitrate Reduction and Active Hydrogen Generation for Efficient Electro‐Synthesis of Ammonia in Neutral Media
Authors: Xiong Jie , Jiang Lingyue , Zhu Botao , Huang Shujie , Wu Shuo , You Kaixuan , Li Xiaohong , Feng Lai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElectrochemically promoted nitrate reduction reaction (NITRR) holds great potential for the “green” synthesis of ammonia (NH3). However, NITRR in neutral media, though close to the practical scenario, is often limited by an insufficient supply of active hydrogen (*H) due to sluggish water cleavage. In this work, it is demonstrated that a bimetallic alloy FeIr can optimize the trade‐off between nitrate reduction and *H formation in neutral media. As a result, FeIr exhibits excellent catalytic performance toward neutral NITRR with a Faradaic efficiency of NH3 up to 97.3% and a high yield rate up to 11.67 mg h−1 cm−2 at a low working potential of −0.6 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), surpassing the monometallic catalysts as well as the majority of Fe‐based state‐of‐the‐art. It is also found that the FeIr displays remarkable electron rearrangement between hetero‐atoms due to their significant orbital hybridization, which benefits not only the *H formation but also the NITRR process. Moreover, coupling FeIr‐based NITRR with methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) results in sustainable productions of NH3 and formate with a combined FE of nearly 200% at a cell‐voltage of 2 V. This work thus demonstrates a promising strategy for designing efficient catalysts toward neutral NITRR.
Stretchable Serpentine Electrodes with High Fidelity Fabricated Using Orientation‐Controlled Surface Energy‐Directed Assembly
Authors: Yuan Siqing , Wang Guangji , Fan Zebin , Wang Yihuan , Zhang Jingwei , Yu Guojia , Chai Zhimin , Zhao Dewen , Lu Xinchun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStretchable serpentine electrodes have garnered significant attention in diverse fields such as embodied artificial intelligence, electronic skin, free‐form displays, stretchable integrated circuits, etc. However, current micro/nano fabrication processes often struggle with compatibility issues on stretchable substrates or face challenges related to scalability, fidelity, and resolution. Here, the study has developed an orientation‐controlled surface energy‐directed assembly (SEDA) process for fabricating high‐fidelity, high‐resolution serpentine electrodes with a linewidth of 600 nm. This process involves pulling out the serpentine patterns from nanomaterial suspensions in alignment with their axial orientation, ensuring that enclosed hydrophobic regions between the hydrophilic patterns and the three‐phase contact line (TPCL) do not form. Consequently, the TPCL can freely recede, facilitating high selectivity in assembly. In addition to orientation, the length‐to‐spacing (L/S) ratio of the serpentine pattern and the pulling speed also play crucial roles in determining the pattern fidelity. Specifically, at slow pulling speeds and low L/S ratios, the lateral receding time of the TPCL is shorter than its longitudinal receding time, leading to excellent assembly selectivity. To demonstrate the versatility of the orientation‐controlled SEDA process, serpentine electrodes are assembled from various nanomaterials, including silver nanoparticles, silver nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and liquid metal, on diverse substrates such as silicon, paper, polydimethylsiloxane, and thermoplastic polyurethane. The stretchable serpentine electrodes exhibit distinct strain‐resistive performance, and have been applied in various fields, including mechanical strain‐gated transistors, speech recognition micromotion sensors, interconnect circuits for light‐emitting diode displays, and human‐machine interaction gloves.
Enabling High Initial Coulombic Efficiency for Li‐ion Storage via 3D SnS2@rGO Anode With Tailorable Cavity Size
Authors: Zhao Jinyang , Zhu Chengyu , Mao Jianjiang , Cheng Fei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe construction of a 3D conductive structure with cavities is an effective strategy to suppress volume change and shuttle effect of tin sulfide materials during lithium storage, while the influence of cavity size on its electrochemical properties is yet to be clarified due to the lack of controllable methods. Herein, a 3D network‐structured hybrid material is reported by a template‐induced self‐assembly strategy, featuring adjustable spherical cavities with uniformly anchored ultrafine SnS2 nanosheets inside (3D‐SnS2@rGO), which allows for an ideal cavity volume occupancy rate of 98%. Moreover, the integrated and interconnected 3D cavity structure raises lithium‐ion diffusion kinetics and provides transport pathways for electrons. The optimal 3D‐SnS2@rGO material demonstrates superior initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 88% and a notable reversible capacity of 1274 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 along with an excellent capacity retention rate of 102% over 340 cycles. Even after 1000 and 2500 cycles at the current densities of 1 and 5 A g−1, it maintains capacities of 910 and 410 mAh g−1, indicating outstanding volume adaptability and space utilization. Additionally, this facile method can be applied to synthesize other high‐performance anode materials (such as MoS2) with similar integrated 3D structure and high ICE, indicating its good scalability.
A Cu‐Cu2O/Ni2P Heterostructure for Efficient Tandem Catalysis of Electrosynthesis of Ammonia from Nitrate Reduction Reaction in Neutral Medium
Authors: Zhao Huilin , Liu Pengfei , Cheng Xuetao , Fan Chao , Liu Jian , Kan Dongxiao , Wang Yan‐Qin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElectrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia (eNO3RR) in neutral conditions is an effective and sustainable method for ammonia production while treating nitrate pollution. Nevertheless, it still faces a great challenge due to the complicated multiple proton‐coupled‐electron process in eNO3RR. Herein, an efficient heterostructure electrocatalyst Cu‐Cu2O/Ni2P has been successfully fabricated for neutral ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate reduction. Cu‐Cu2O/Ni2P exhibits outstanding eNO3RR performance with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) as high as 96.4% and ammonia yield rate of 14636 µg·h−1·cm−2 at −1.0 V (vs RHE) in 0.1 m PBS solution, which outperforms most of the reported eNO3RR electrocatalysts in neutral media. More importantly, the catalyst demonstrates an exceptional stability for 30 consecutive electrolysis cycles and outstanding durability even at large current density of 440 mA cm−2 in a flow cell. The tandem catalysis mechanism of NO3− → NO2− → NH3 by the synergism of two components of Cu‐Cu2O and Ni2P in Cu‐Cu2O/Ni2P is verified by the experimental and theoretical calculations. Cu‐Cu2O has strong adsorption capacity for NO3− and which can be reduced into NO2−, while Ni2P can facilitate the water splitting, which promotes the abundant *H production, thus boosting the subsequent hydrogenation process during eNO3RR process whilst inhibiting the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Bioinspired Dual‐Function Device Integrating Fog Harvesting and Hydro‐To‐Electricity Conversion for Sustainable Supply of Freshwater and Electricity
Authors: Zhou Wen , Zhu Xiaohui , Quan Zijing , Tian Guizhong , Wang Pinkun , Feng Xiaoming , Li Bo , Han Zhiwu , Ren Luquan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUtilizing ubiquitous fog to engineer a dual‐function device that integrates fog harvesting and hydro‐to‐electricity conversion, thereby overcoming geographical and hydrological constraints, provides an opportunity to promote sustainable freshwater and electricity supply. However, inefficiency remains the key challenge to the advancement of fog energy development and practical applications. Herein, a bio‐inspired dual‐function device (BDFD) integrating efficient fog harvesting and a solid‐liquid triboelectricity nanogenerator is developed. Specifically, biomimetic fog‐water collector (BFWC) is designed inspired by the excellent fog‐catching capability of Cactus and the ultra‐fast water transport of Sarracenia. BFWC is then combined with a solid‐liquid triboelectric nanogenerator to develop the BDFD. Additionally, the mechanism by which the structural parameters of BFWC influence mist condensation and water transport is revealed. The effects of height, angle, and frequency of condensate droplets on power generation performance are also systematically investigated. Remarkably, BFWC achieved a fog collection efficiency of 48940 mg cm−2 h−1, a 305% improvement over the non‐bionic samples. Meanwhile, the transfer charge is quantified at 28.9 nC, demonstrating that BDFD can efficiently convert the mechanical energy of the condensed droplet into electrical energy. Therefore, this bionic strategy enhances the efficiency of the atmospheric fog energy utilization apparatus and offers prospects for mitigating deficiencies in freshwater and power resources.
Hydrogel‐Based Moisture Electric Generator with High Output Performance Induced by Proton Hopping
Authors: Cheng Yan , Zhu Tianxue , He Qinhong , Wen Feng , Cheng Yun , Huang Jianying , Lai Yuekun , Li Huaqiong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe development of harnessing energy from surrounding humidity has been impeded by obstacles such as ambiguous ion migration mechanism and the restricted electrical output of devices designed to generate power from moisture. Herein, a novel hygroscopic network is presented that enhances ion migration by employing a random copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS). This method strategically positions sulfonic acid groups within hydrogels, which can release protons, in the presence of LiCl. Both experimental data and molecular dynamic simulations indicate that ion migration primarily occurs through a proton hopping mechanism, protons are released from the ─SO3H and interact with adjacent confined water molecules, creating a network that facilitates swift proton migration along hydrogen‐bonded chains. The developed single sulfonic acid side chain@hydrogel‐based moisture‐electric generator (SHMEG) exhibits a sustained open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.89 V and a current density of 173 µA cm−2 for over 1400 h. Additionally, the SHMEG's scalability allows it to be connected in series or parallel, which provides adaptability and lightness. These features render the SHMEG suitable for powering a variety of commercial devices, such as mobile phone, health monitoring sensors and nighttime illumination, making it a promising, high power, and environmentally friendly energy solution.
Dynamic Covalent Oleogel with Mechanical Force‐Induced Reversible Phase Transition for Self‐Adaptive Lubrication
Authors: Xie Ao , Zhang Jiaying , Wang Xin‐Gang , Ruan Xiaopeng , Bao Luyao , Xu Hao‐Zhe , Qi Changmin , Bai Yanyan , Zhang Ming , Liang Yijing , Yu Qiangliang , Cai Meirong , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSubstantial progress has been made in stimulus‐responsive and performance‐tunable hydrogels, yet endowing organogels with dynamic adaptive properties remains challenging. Especially, the development of adaptive functional oleogel materials is further constrained by weak interactions between the oil and the gel network, along with the high viscosity of oil. Herein, the state self‐adaptability of oleogels is enabled by constructing mechanical responsive dynamic covalent networks via ring‐opening polymerization of thioctic acid (TA). Mechanically responsive breaking and rebuilding of disulfide bonds endow mechanical force‐induced reversible phase transition of poly(TA) oleogels. Mechanical force‐induced disulfide bond breakage disrupts the gel network, transforming the gel into a sol state. Once the mechanical force is removed, the rapid bonding of sulfur radicals rebuilds the gel network. Furthermore, this highly generalizable strategy has the potential as a self‐adaptive lubricant. Self‐adaptive oleogels can exist in a gel or sol state that adapts to whether the machine is running or stopped. Systematic tribological tests confirm the excellent lubricating properties of poly(TA) oleogels and their outstanding performance stability in adapting to changing friction conditions. This adaptive poly(TA) oleogels provides insights for developing oleogel functional materials with dynamic properties, as well as a new strategy for the development of smart lubricating materials.
Machine Learning in Polymer Research
Authors: Ge Wei , De Silva Ramindu , Fan Yanan , Sisson Scott A. , Stenzel Martina H. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMachine learning is increasingly being applied in polymer chemistry to link chemical structures to macroscopic properties of polymers and to identify chemical patterns in the polymer structures that help improve specific properties. To facilitate this, a chemical dataset needs to be translated into machine readable descriptors. However, limited and inadequately curated datasets, broad molecular weight distributions, and irregular polymer configurations pose significant challenges. Most off the shelf mathematical models often need refinement for specific applications. Addressing these challenges demand a close collaboration between chemists and mathematicians as chemists must formulate research questions in mathematical terms while mathematicians are required to refine models for specific applications. This review unites both disciplines to address dataset curation hurdles and highlight advances in polymer synthesis and modeling that enhance data availability. It then surveys ML approaches used to predict solid‐state properties, solution behavior, composite performance, and emerging applications such as drug delivery and the polymer–biology interface. A perspective of the field is concluded and the importance of FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) data and the integration of polymer theory and data are discussed, and the thoughts on the machine–human interface are shared.
A Printed Microscopic Universal Gradient Interface for Super Stretchable Strain‐Insensitive Bioelectronics
Authors: Song Kaidong , Zhou Jingyuan , Wei Chen , Ponnuchamy Ashok , Bappy Md Omarsany , Liao Yuxuan , Jiang Qiang , Du Yipu , Evans Connor J. , Wyatt Brian C. , O’ Sullivan Thomas , Roeder Ryan K. , Anasori Babak , Hoffman Anthony J. , Jin Lihua , Duan Xiangfeng , Zhang Yanliang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStretchable electronics capable of conforming to nonplanar and dynamic human body surfaces are central for creating implantable and on‐skin devices for high‐fidelity monitoring of diverse physiological signals. While various strategies have been developed to produce stretchable devices, the signals collected from such devices are often highly sensitive to local strain, resulting in inevitable convolution with surface strain‐induced motion artifacts that are difficult to distinguish from intrinsic physiological signals. Here all‐printed super stretchable strain‐insensitive bioelectronics using a unique universal gradient interface (UGI) are reported to bridge the gap between soft biomaterials and stiff electronic materials. Leveraging a versatile aerosol‐based multi‐materials printing technique that allows precise spatial control over the local stiffnesses with submicron resolution, the UGI enables strain‐insensitive electronic devices with negligible resistivity changes under a 180% uniaxial stretch ratio. Various stretchable devices are directly printed on the UGI for on‐skin health monitoring with high signal quality and near‐perfect immunity to motion artifacts, including semiconductor‐based photodetectors for sensing blood oxygen saturation levels and metal‐based temperature sensors. The concept in this work will significantly simplify the fabrication and accelerate the development of a broad range of wearable and implantable bioelectronics for real‐time health monitoring and personalized therapeutics.
Robust Nanoscale Anode Protective Layers toward Fast‐Charge High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Chuanfa , Cui Yin , Lin Shenghao , Ma Pengwei , Ji Yiwei , Cen Zongheng , Yu Guofang , Li Shimei , Liu Shaohong , Wu Dingcai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMechanically stable and structurally homogeneous lithium–electrolyte interfacial layers are crucial in stabilizing lithium (Li) anodes for practical Li metal batteries. Herein, an ultrathin (≈84 nm) and robust artificial protective layer is constructed with reactive two‐dimensional (2D) molecular brushes as building blocks. The artificial protective layer can in situ react with underlying Li metal to produce a nanoscale poly(lithium styrenesulfonate)‐grafted graphene oxide (GO‐g‐PSSLi) layer on the outermost surface and an infinite Li–Ag solid solution in the anode. The nanoscale GO‐g‐PSSLi layer well integrates a large number of single Li‐ion conducting PSSLi chains and 2D robust GO backbones, thereby enabling molecular‐level homogeneous and fast Li‐ion diffusion as well as remarkable mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the simultaneously formed Li–Ag solid solution is beneficial for rapid Li transport in the anode to reduce the Li nucleation barrier and facilitate homogeneous deposition of Li. With such artificial protective layers, a prototype pouch cell with a thin Li metal anode (50 µm) and a high‐loading cathode (21.6 mg cm−2) delivers an impressive cycle life of over 350 cycles with 69% capacity retention under harsh conditions. Remarkably, ultrahigh charging power density of 456 W kg−1 and energy density of 325 Wh kg−1 can be simultaneously achieved in an Ah‐level pouch cell.