bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Electrochemical Immunoassay Based on the Use of an Eight‐Electrodes Screen‐Printed Array Coupled with Magnetic Beads for the Detection of Antimicrobial Sulfonamides in Honey
Authors: Centi S. , Stoica A. I. , Laschi S. , Mascini M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this work an electrochemical immunoassay, based on a direct competitive assay, was developed using magnetic beads as solid phase and carbon screen‐printed arrays as transducers for the detection of sulfonamides in food matrices such as honey. Magnetic beads coated with protein A were modified by immobilisation of specific antibodies and then the competition between the target analyte and the corresponding analyte‐labelled with an enzyme was carried out; after the immunosensing step, beads were captured by a magnet onto the working surfaces of a screen‐printed eight‐electrodes array for a multiple electrochemical detection. Screen‐printed eight‐electrodes arrays were chosen as transducers due to the possibility to repeat multiple analysis and to test different samples simultaneously. Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) was used as enzyme label and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) as fast electrochemical technique. Calibration curves demonstrate that the developed electrochemical immunoassay was able to detect this class of drugs in standard solutions at low concentrations (ng/mL levels). The short incubation times (25 min) and the fast electrochemical measurement (10 sec) make of these systems a possible alternative to classic ELISA tests.
Development of a biodegradable tissue adhesive based on functionalized 1,2‐ethylene glycol bis(dilactic acid). I.
Authors: Sternberg Katrin , Rohm Henning W. , Lurtz Claudia , Wegmann Juergen , Odermatt Erich K. , Behrend Detlef , Michalik Dirk , Schmitz Klaus‐Peter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTissue adhesives are a valuable alternative for mechanical tissue fixation by sutures or staples. Adhesives are desirable in body regions where damage and bleeding must be avoided. Tissue adhesives provide easy and fast handling. This study reports the development of a tissue adhesive based on 1,2‐ethylene glycol bis(dilactic acid) (ELA) functionalized with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) to produce isocyanate terminated ELA‐NCO which was characterized by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. ELA‐NCO together with chain elongation agents forms an adhesive system suitable for tissue fixation. Several biodegradable polymers, such as hyaluronic acid, gelatin, chitosan acetate, and chitosan chloride were tested as chain elongation agents to obtain an adhesive system and studied on bovine muscle tissue to evaluate their adhesive strength and compared to fibrin glue. Tensile strength of glued joints was determined by a Zwick universal testing machine at ambient temperature. Mixtures of ELA‐NCO and chitosan acetate or chloride, showed significantly higher adhesive strength than fibrin glue. Reaction between ELA‐NCO and chitosan chloride produced polyurethane was traced by FTIR spectroscopy. NMR, FTIR, and rheological measurements demonstrated that ELA‐NCO and chitosan chloride can be sterilized by γ‐rays or superheated water vapor without alterations, respectively. A mixture of ELA‐NCO and chitosan chloride can be useful as medical tissue adhesive. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
A spatial regression analysis of the influence of topography on monthly rainfall in East Africa
Authors: Hession S. L. , Moore N. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPrecipitation in Kenya is highly variable and dominated by a variety of physical processes. Statistical studies of climate patterns have historically focused on application of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to test hypotheses related to multiple predictive variables, perhaps in an attempt to better understand the physical mechanisms that drive precipitation, or on use of spatially explicit models, typically kriging‐ or spline‐based analyses, for the purpose of improving predictions. Each of these approaches may be individually useful; however, they all possess limitations. OLS approaches have yielded biased results in the presence of spatially autocorrelated data. Kriging‐ and spline‐based studies often focus on providing improved predictions rather than understanding. Here we use spatial regression, a method not commonly used in analysis of climate data, to assess the role of predictive variables while explicitly incorporating spatial autocorrelation in parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. This approach can yield a better understanding of relationships between precipitation and multiple predictive variables with improved statistical rigour. Using spatial regression, we show that topographic variables such as elevation and slope strongly influence rainfall during the ‘long rains’ and ‘short rains’, which are vital for Kenyan agriculture. Outside these seasons, we find that smaller (mesoscale) variations in elevation are statistically significant. Further, we demonstrate the shortcomings of automated selection procedures such as stepwise regression through the identification of spurious results due to confounding. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Investigating muddy floods in Slovakia
Authors: Stankoviansky M. , Minár J. , Barka I. , Bonk R. , Trizna M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe problem of land degradation by muddy floods in Slovakia arose because of land use changes in the second half of the 20th century, accompanied more recently with climate change. This paper presents empirical research as well as modelling of the spatial distribution of muddy floods in Slovakia. Natural conditions, land cover and recorded events from the last few decades are described and analysed. Special attention is paid to the region of the Myjava Hill Land where systematic observation of muddy floods has been undertaken for some time. A model assessing muddy flood hazard throughout Slovakia is presented. It is based on comparison of models of actual soil erosion and the potential for local flooding. The results accord with preliminary empiric investigations. More detailed and systematic research of these phenomena is important for environmental planning and impacts upon insurance decisions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of epoxy with improved thermal remendability based on Diels‐Alder reaction
Authors: Tian Qiao , Rong Min Zhi , Zhang Ming Qiu , Yuan Yan Chao 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTo produce an epoxy resin with high intrinsic self‐healing efficiency, furfurylglycidyl ether (FGE) was synthesized following a two‐step route. It carried one furan and one epoxide on each of its molecules. Having been cured using N,N′‐(4,4′‐diphenylmethane)bismaleimide and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, FGE was then polymerized with two types of intermonomer linkages. That is, thermally reversible Diels–Alder (DA) bonds from the reaction between furan and maleimide groups, and thermally irreversible bonds from the reaction between epoxide and anhydride groups. These two types of bonds provide the polymer with thermal remendability and load‐bearing capacity, respectively. Compared with N,N‐diglycidylfurfurylamine, which was previously developed by the authors and has a similar structure to FGE but with fewer furan rings, FGE can react with maleimide with lower activation energy and the DA bonds formed exhibit higher reversibility. Consequently, improved crack healability of the cured FGE characterized by nearly full recovery of fracture toughness was revealed using double cleavage drilled compression tests. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
1H NMR‐based kinetic and mechanistic study of unusual skeletal rearrangements of a spirobornyl tosylate derivative
Authors: Lobb Kevin A. , Kaye Perry T. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract1H NMR analysis of the kinetics of skeletal rearrangement of optically pure 3,3‐xylyl‐2‐exo‐bornyl tosylate in CDCl3 indicates the operation of tandem autocatalytic and pseudo‐first‐order transformations, leading sequentially to a pair of isomeric camphene derivatives and involving partial racemization. Changing the solvent system has been shown to permit the chemoselective isolation of either of the isomeric camphenes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure and kinetic mechanism of aminoglycoside phosphotransferase‐2″‐IVa
Authors: Toth Marta , Frase Hilary , Antunes Nuno Tiago , Smith Clyde A. , Vakulenko Sergei B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAcquired resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics primarily results from deactivation by three families of aminoglycoside‐modifying enzymes. Here, we report the kinetic mechanism and structure of the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase 2″‐IVa (APH(2″)‐IVa), an enzyme responsible for resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in clinical enterococcal and staphylococcal isolates. The enzyme operates via a Bi‐Bi sequential mechanism in which the two substrates (ATP or GTP and an aminoglycoside) bind in a random manner. The APH(2″)‐IVa enzyme phosphorylates various 4,6‐disubstituted aminoglycoside antibiotics with catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) of 1.5 × 103 to 1.2 × 106 (M−1 s−1). The enzyme uses both ATP and GTP as the phosphate source, an extremely rare occurrence in the phosphotransferase and protein kinase enzymes. Based on an analysis of the APH(2″)‐IVa structure, two overlapping binding templates specifically tuned for hydrogen bonding to either ATP or GTP have been identified and described. A detailed understanding of the structure and mechanism of the GTP‐utilizing phosphotransferases is crucial for the development of either novel aminoglycosides or, more importantly, GTP‐based enzyme inhibitors which would not be expected to interfere with crucial ATP‐dependent enzymes.
Large format HgCdTe focal plane arrays for dual‐band long‐wavelength infrared detection
Authors: Smith E. P. G. , Gallagher A. M. , Kostrzewa T. J. , Brest M. L. , Graham R. W. , Kuzen C. L. , Hughes E. T. , Mc Ewan T. F. , Venzor G. M. , Patten E. A. , Radford W. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRaytheon Visions Systems (RVS) is furthering its capability to deliver state‐of‐the‐art high performance large format HgCdTe focal plane arrays (FPAs) for dual‐band long‐wavelength infrared (LWIR) detection. Missile seekers are designed to acquire targets of interest at long ranges and discriminate targets from clutter. The use of dual‐band long wavelength infrared detector technology provides the ability for these seekers to combine these operations into the same package with enhanced performance. Increasing the format size of dual‐band long‐wavelength FPAs and tailoring the detector design for specific long‐wavelength bands enables seekers to be designed for increased field‐of‐view, longer target acquisition ranges, and improved accuracy. This paper will review in further detail the aspects of detector design, MBE wafer growth, wafer fabrication, and detector characterization that are contributing to development and demonstration of high performance large format dual‐band LWIR FPAs at RVS. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robotic devices for water main in‐pipe inspection: A survey
Authors: Mirats Tur Josep M. , Garthwaite William 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMany water companies have a limited knowledge of the structural condition of their assets. Underground assets have been installed for a long time, so they are old and are failing, leading to leaks, breaks, and consequential damage to third parties. A common practice is the removal of pipe sections for condition assessment, causing service interruption and resulting in the assessment of a small percentage of the network as well as high replacement costs. Systematic condition assessment of pipes could help to prevent network problems as well as in proposing an efficient investment plan. This can be performed by using robotic inspection devices. Toward this end, this paper reviews existing robotic tools and analyzes open problems to be addressed for a successful robotic inspection device. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discovery of complex pathways from observational data
Authors: Baurley James W. , Conti David V. , Gauderman W. James , Thomas Duncan C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUnraveling complex interactions has been a challenge in epidemiologic research. We introduce a pathway modeling framework that discovers plausible pathways from observational data, and allows estimation of both the net effect of the pathway and the types of interactions occurring among genetic or environmental risk factors. Each discovered pathway structure links combinations of observed variables through intermediate latent nodes to a final node, the outcome. Biologic knowledge can be readily applied in this framework as a prior on pathway structure to give preference to more biologically plausible models, thereby providing more precise estimation of Bayes factors for pathways of greatest interest by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods.Data were simulated for binary inputs of which only a subset was involved in different pathway topologies. Our algorithm was then used to recover the pathway from the simulated data. The posterior distributions of inputs, pairwise and higher‐order interactions, and topologies were obtained by MCMC methods. The evidence in favor of a particular pathway or interaction was summarized using Bayes factors. Our method can correctly identify the risk factors and interactions involved in the simulated pathway. We apply our framework to an asthma case–control data set with polymorphisms in 12 genes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ‘distressed’ personality, coping and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Martin Luci A. , Doster Joseph A. , Critelli Joseph W. , Purdum Michael , Powers Catherine , Lambert Paul L. , Miranda Vanessa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractType D (or ‘distressed’) personality has shown success in predicting hard medical outcomes (e.g. morbidity and mortality) in cardiac patients. Little is known about the relationship between Type D individuals prior to disease, or the role that coping may play in individuals with the distressed personality. The present study examined the relationships among Type D Personality, coping strategies, and heart rate variability (HRV) in a non‐medical sample of young adults. Social supportive coping was found to moderate the relationship between Type D personality and HRV. Additionally, as compared to non‐Type Ds, Type D individuals more often relied on avoidant forms of coping, and they less often relied on positive/problem focused strategies or social support to cope. Implications for primary prevention and future research were discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous multiparametric monitoring of cell metabolism in response to transient overexpression of the sirtuin deacetylase SIRT3
Authors: Dransfeld Christian-Lars , Alborzinia Hamed , Wölfl Stefan , Mahlknecht Ulrich 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The analysis and visualisation of research data in an environment which is most similar to living conditions belong to the most challenging claims of present scientific research endeavours. To date, the effect of protein function on cell metabolism is most commonly assessed from a series of end point analyses, which finally allows an approximate estimation on how a specific effect takes its course. In the study presented herein, we demonstrate how the combination of transient transfection and a biosensor chip system gives the opportunity to analyse the effect of a specific protein on cell metabolism in living cells through real-time monitoring of metabolically relevant parameters, such as oxygen consumption, acidification rate and cell adhesion. In addition, this method allows online monitoring of the time course of metabolic changes due to changes in expression levels of metabolic regulative proteins from the time of transfection to maximum overexpression. The methodology presented herein was assessed for the transient overexpression of the sirtuin deacetylase SIRT3, a mitochondrial key element in the regulation of energy metabolism, metabolic disease, cancer and ageing.
Differential contribution of opioid and noradrenergic mechanisms of tapentadol in rat models of nociceptive and neuropathic pain
Authors: Schröder Wolfgang , De Vry Jean , Tzschentke Thomas M. , Jahnel Ulrich , Christoph Thomas 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe novel analgesic tapentadol combines μ‐opioid receptor agonism and noradrenaline reuptake inhibition in a single molecule and shows potent analgesia in various rodent models of pain. We analyzed the contribution of opioid and monoaminergic mechanisms to the activity of tapentadol in rat models of nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Antinociceptive efficacy was inferred from tail withdrawal latencies of experimentally naive rats using a tail flick test. Antihypersensitive efficacy was inferred from ipsilateral paw withdrawal thresholds toward an electronic von Frey filament in a spinal nerve ligation model of mononeuropathic pain. Dose–response curves of tapentadol (intravenous) were determined in combination with vehicle or a fixed dose (intraperitoneal) of the μ‐opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (1 mg/kg), the α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (2.15 mg/kg), or the serotonin 5‐HT2Areceptor antagonist ritanserin (0.316 mg/kg). Tapentadol showed clear antinociceptive and antihypersensitive effects (>90% efficacy) with median effective dose (ED50) values of 3.3 and 1.9 mg/kg, respectively. While the antinociceptive ED50value of tapentadol was shifted to the right 6.4‐fold by naloxone (21.2 mg/kg) and only 1.7‐fold by yohimbine (5.6 mg/kg), the antihypersensitive ED50value was shifted to the right 4.7‐fold by yohimbine (8.9 mg/kg) and only 2.7‐fold by naloxone (5.2 mg/kg). Ritanserin did not affect antinociceptive or antihypersensitive ED50values of tapentadol. Activation of both μ‐opioid receptors and α2‐adrenoceptors contribute to the analgesic effects of tapentadol. The relative contribution is, however, dependent on the particular pain indication, as μ‐opioid receptor agonism predominantly mediates tapentadol's antinociceptive effects, whereas noradrenaline reuptake inhibition predominantly mediates its antihypersensitive effects.
Metformin compared with glyburide for the management of gestational diabetes
Authors: Silva Jean Carl , Pacheco Carina , Bizato Juliana , de Souza Bárbara Vicente , Ribeiro Thaís Engel , Bertini Anna Maria 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess blood glucose control and neonatal outcomes when women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were treated with metformin or glyburide.MethodsWhen an appropriate diet was insufficient to control their blood glucose levels, women with GDM were randomized to a glyburide or a metformin treatment group. If the maximum dose was reached, the assessed drug was replaced by insulin. The primary outcome measures analyzed were maternal glucose levels during pregnancy, birth weight, and neonatal glucose levels.ResultsThe only significant difference in outcome between the 2 treatment drugs was that maternal weight gain during pregnancy was less in the metformin (n = 40) than in the glyburide group (n = 32) (10.3 kg vs 7.6 kg; P = 0.02). No differences were found in treatment failure, mean level of fasting or postprandial plasma glucose, rate of participants with glycated hemoglobin, birth weight, rate of large‐for‐gestational‐age newborns, or newborns with hypoglycemia.ConclusionThe treatment of GDM with metformin or glyburide was found to be equivalent for both women and newborns.
New Zealand's strategic interests in Antarctica
Authors: Brady Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTNew Zealand has important strategic interests in Antarctica that are as much about geography and the country's geostrategic needs, as they are about history and the politics of maintaining rights gained in an earlier era. This paper outlines the reasons behind New Zealand's involvement in and commitment to Antarctica; profiles the various bodies involved in maintaining and negotiating New Zealand's Antarctic presence and voice on Antarctic affairs; and discusses New Zealand's core interests in the Antarctic continent that help to shape its Antarctic policy.
Away from ethnocentrism and anthropocentrism: Towards a scientific understanding of “what makes us human”
Authors: Boesch Christophe 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe quest to understand “what makes us human” has been heading towards an impasse, when comparative psychology compares primarily individuals that are not representative of their species. Captives experience such divergent socioecological niches that they cannot stand for their wild counterparts. Only after removing ethnocentrism and anthropocentrism will we be able to progress in our understanding of “what makes us human.”
Wired but not WEIRD: The promise of the Internet in reaching more diverse samples
Authors: Gosling Samuel D. , Sandy Carson J. , John Oliver P. , Potter Jeff 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCan the Internet reach beyond the U. S. college samples predominant in social science research? A sample of 564,502 participants completed a personality questionnaire online. We found that 19% were not from advanced economies; 20% were from non-Western societies; 35% of the Western-society sample were not from the United States; and 66% of the U. S. sample were not in the 18–22 (college) age group.
Functional implications of sterol transport by the oxysterol-binding protein gene family
Authors: Ngo Mike H. , Colbourne Terry R. , Ridgway Neale D. 
Published: June 2010

Cholesterol and its numerous oxygenated derivatives (oxysterols) profoundly affect the biophysical properties of membranes, and positively and negatively regulate sterol homoeostasis through interaction with effector proteins. As the bulk of cellular sterols are segregated from the sensory machinery that controls homoeostatic responses, an important regulatory step involves sterol transport or signalling between membrane compartments. Evidence for rapid, energy-independent transport between organelles has implicated transport proteins, such as the eukaryotic family of OSBP (oxysterol-binding protein)/ORPs (OSBP-related proteins). Since the founding member of this family was identified more than 25 years ago, accumulated evidence has implicated OSBP/ORPs in sterol signalling and/or sterol transport functions. However, recent evidence of sterol transfer activity by OSBP/ORPs suggests that other seemingly disparate functions could be the result of alterations in membrane sterol distribution or ancillary to this primary activity.