bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis A Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Dorell Christina G. , Yankey David , Byrd Kathy K. , Murphy Trudy V. 
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Hepatitis A infection causes severe disease among adolescents and adults. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices instituted incremental recommendations for hepatitis A vaccination (HepA) at 2 years of age based on risk (1996), in selected states (1999), and universally at 1 year of age, with vaccination through 18 years of age based on risk or desire for protection (2006). We assessed adolescent HepA coverage in the United States and factors independently associated with vaccination.

METHODS:
Data from the 2009 National Immunization Survey–Teen (n = 20 066) were analyzed to determine ≥1- and ≥2-dose HepA coverage among adolescents 13 to 17 years of age. We used bivariate and multivariable analyses to test associations between HepA initiation and sociodemographic characteristics stratified by state groups: group 1, universal child vaccination since 1999; group 2, consideration for child vaccination since 1999; group 3, universal child vaccination at 1 year of age since 2006.

RESULTS:
In 2009, national 1-dose HepA coverage among adolescents was 42.0%. Seventy percent of vaccinees completed the 2-dose series. One-dose coverage was 74.3% among group 1 states, 54.0% for group 2 states, and 27.8% for group 3 states. The adjusted prevalence ratios of vaccination initiation were highest for states with a vaccination requirement and for adolescents whose providers recommended HepA.

CONCLUSIONS:
HepA coverage was low among most adolescents in the United States in 2009 leaving a large population susceptible to hepatitis A infection maturing into adulthood.
Integrated Optoelectronic Devices on Silicon
Authors: Liang Di , Bowers John E. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTSilicon (Si) has been the dominating material platform of microelectronics over half century. Continuous technological advances in circuit design and manufacturing enable complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chips with increasingly high integration complexity to be fabricated in an unprecedently scale and economical manner. Conventional Si-based planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) has benefited from advanced CMOS technology but only demonstrate passive functionalities in most circumstances due to poor light emission efficiency and weak major electro-optic effects (e.g., Pockels effect, the Kerr effect and the Franz–Keldysh effect) in Si. Recently, a new hybrid III-V-on-Si integration platform has been developed, aiming to bridge the gap between Si and III-V direct-bandgap materials for active Si photonic integrated circuit applications. Since then high-performance lasers, amplifiers, photodetectors and modulators, etc. have been demonstrated. Here we review the most recent progress on hybrid Si lasers and high-speed hybrid Si modulators. The former include distributed feedback (DFB) lasers showing over 10 mW output power and up to 85 oC continuous-wave (cw) operation, compact hybrid microring lasers with cw threshold less than 4 mA and over 3 mW output power, and 4-channel hybrid Si AWG lasers with channel space of 360 GHz. Recently fabricated traveling-wave electro-absorption modulators (EAMs) and Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulators (MZM) on this platform support 50 Gb/s and 40 Gb/s data transmission with over 10 dB extinction ratio, respectively.
Studies of Nanomechanical Properties of Pulsed Laser Deposited NbN films on Si Using Nanoindentation
Authors: Mamun M. A. , Farha A. H. , Ufuktepe Y. , Elsayed-Ali H. E. , Elmustafa A. A. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTNanomechanical and structural properties of pulsed laser deposited niobium nitride thin films were investigated using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and nanoindentation. NbN film reveals cubic δ-NbN structure with the corresponding diffraction peaks from the (111), (200), and (220) planes. The NbN thin films depict highly granular structure, with a wide range of grain sizes that range from 15-40 nm with an average surface roughness of 6 nm. The average modulus of the film is 420±60 GPa, whereas for the substrate the average modulus is 180 GPa, which is considered higher than the average modulus for Si reported in the literature due to pile-up. The hardness of the film increases from an average of 12 GPa for deep indents (Si substrate) measured using XP CSM and load control (LC) modes to an average of 25 GPa measured using the DCM II head in CSM and LC modules. The average hardness of the Si substrate is 12 GPa.
Who Is Ignorant
Authors: Wu Ping 
Published: January 2012

Who Is Ignorant
This article studies dispute between Chinese sports journalists and Chinese sports elites in a socio-cultural context. Based upon a number of case studies, the professional features of Chinese sports journalism and Chinese elite sport are elaborated and the different characteristics of Chinese sports journalists and Chinese sportspeople are examined. The study then investigates how the cultural differences between Chinese sports journalists and Chinese sportspeople affect their understandings of news values and the duty of the news media and concludes that the different understandings of the media's duty are often the trigger of dispute.
Images de Guyane, entre réduction et cloisonnement
Authors: Jolivet Marie-José 
Published: January 2012

Résumé Cet article s’intéresse au style et à l’évolution des images de la Guyane et des Guyanais produites au cours des cent cinquante dernières années (illustrations de récits de voyage ou d’exploration, photographies, films documentaires). La dimension multiculturelle et multiethnique du pays est au cœur de la réflexion. Des images « assignées » par le colonisateur puis les cadres métropolitains du DOM, aux images produites ou assumées par les Guyanais, ressortent finalement des tendances très semblables : réduction à telle ou telle composante humaine ou naturelle, alors promue au rang d’image globalement représentative ; cloisonnement presque étanche de ces divers éléments. Mais, à la question de savoir à quelles images chaque Guyanais peut s’identifier, et qui se pose aussi en termes d’hyper ou d’hyporeprésentation, les réponses varient sensiblement en fonction des époques et des positions respectives des groupes en présence.
L'histoire comme vous ne l'avez jamais vue : un film népalais
Authors: de Sales Anne 
Published: January 2012

Résumé Simarekha ou La Frontière , acclamé comme le premier film historique népalais, est resté à l’affiche du plus grand cinéma de Katmandou pendant plusieurs mois en 1998. Il présente une version révisée de l’histoire officielle de la conquête par des colons hindous au xx e siècle de la principauté de Gorkha, alors gouvernée par un chef tribal. Plusieurs récits de cet événement fondateur de l’histoire nationale (une chronique, un chapitre d’un manuel scolaire, une pièce de théâtre, un roman) sont analysés ici comme autant d’étapes d’un processus qui aboutit à son interprétation cinématographique. La mise en images opère une sorte de télescopage de cet enchaînement historique tout en l’ancrant dans la situation présente, marquée par de violentes revendications ethniques. Le film eut un fort impact émotionnel sur les spectateurs qui eurent le sentiment de découvrir la vérité sur eux-mêmes et sur leur passé. En condensant les multiples évocations d’une identité « feuilletée », les images permettent aux intéressés de s’ajuster au contexte actuel.
Logement des pauvres, médiation politique et contrôle urbain à Mumbai (Inde)
Authors: Heuzé Djallal Gérard 
Published: January 2012

Résumé L’Inde a un taux bas d’urbanisation tout en abritant des concentrations urbaines remarquables. En partant de l’exemple de la métropole de Mumbai, la contribution s’attache à décrire comment les hommes politiques et certains industriels ont facilité la pérennisation de situations chaotiques dans lesquelles les migrants, légalement insécurisés, se voyaient tolérés et parfois encouragés dans leurs efforts d’autoconstruction. L’évolution du contexte industriel, financier et immobilier, associée à la liquidation du mouvement ouvrier, a changé la donne. Les émeutes intercommunautaires ont succédé aux grèves, les partis extrémistes aux centristes et les réseaux mafieux aux syndicalistes, pendant que les hommes politiques suivaient, avec réticence, le mouvement de libéralisation économique et du « nettoyage urbain ».
Prevalence of axial spondylarthritis in the United States: Estimates from a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Reveille John D. , Witter James P. , Weisman Michael H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe US national prevalence of spondylarthritis (SpA) was estimated for 2 published sets of classification criteria: the Amor criteria and the European Spondylarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) criteria. These 2 SpA criteria sets have been the most widely utilized in previous population‐based studies of SpA.MethodsThe US SpA prevalence estimates were based on a representative sample of 5,013 US adults ages 20–69 years who were examined in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2010.ResultsThe overall age‐adjusted prevalence of definite and probable SpA by the Amor criteria was 0.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.7–1.1%), corresponding to an estimated 1.7 million persons (95% CI 1.4–2.1 million persons). The age‐adjusted prevalence of SpA by the ESSG criteria was 1.4% (95% CI 1.0–1.9%), corresponding to an estimated 2.7 million persons (95% CI 1.9–3.7 million persons). There were no statistically significant sex differences in SpA prevalence. The SpA prevalence among non‐Hispanic white persons was 1.0% (95% CI 0.7–1.5%) by the Amor criteria and 1.5% (95% CI 1.0–2.3%) by the ESSG criteria. SpA prevalence could not be reliably estimated in other race/ethnicity subgroups due to sample size imitations.ConclusionThe SpA prevalence estimates are in the range of SpA prevalence estimates reported elsewhere in population‐based surveys and it is likely that SpA may affect up to 1% of US adults, a prevalence similar to that reported for rheumatoid arthritis. The current US SpA prevalence estimates may be lower than the true value because the NHANES 2009–2010 data collection did not capture a complete set of the elements specified in the 2 SpA criteria sets.
Are 3‐D models necessary to simulate packed bed reactors? analysis and 3‐D simulations of adiabatic and cooled reactors
Authors: Nekhamkina Olga , Sheintuch Moshe 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSimulations and analysis of transversal patterns in a homogeneous three‐dimensional (3‐D) model of adiabatic or cooled packed bed reactors (PBRs) catalyzing a first‐order exothermic reaction were presented. In the adiabatic case the simulation verify previous criteria, claiming the emergence of such patterns when (ΔTad/ΔTm)/(PeC/PeT) surpasses a critical value larger than unity, where ΔTad and ΔTm are adiabatic and maximal temperature rise, respectively. The reactor radius required for such patterns should be larger than a bifurcation value, calculated here from the linear analysis. With increasing radius new patterned branches, corresponding to eigenfunction of the problem emerge, whereas other branches become unstable. The maximal temperature of the 3‐D simulations may exceed the 1‐D prediction, which may affect design procedures. Cooled reactor may exhibit patterns, usually axisymmetric ones that can be characterized by two anomalies: the peak temperature may exceed the corresponding value of an adiabatic reactor and may increase with wall heat‐transfer coefficient, and the peak temperature in a sufficiently wide reactor need not lie at the center but rather on a ring away from it. In conclusions, we argue that transversal patterns are highly unlikely to emerge in practical adiabatic PBRs with a single exothermic reaction, as in practice PeC/PeT > 1. That eliminates patterns in stationary and downstream‐moving fronts, whereas patterns may emerge in upstream‐moving fronts, as shown here. This conclusion may not hold for microkinetic models, for which stationary modes may be established over a domain of parameters. This suggests that a 1‐D model may be sufficient to analyze a single reaction in an adiabatic reactor and a 2‐D axisymmetric model is sufficient for a cooled reactor. The predictions of a 2‐D cylindrical thin reactor with those of a 3‐D reactor were compared, to show many similarities but some notable differences. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
The dual origin of tati‐speakers from dagestan as written in the genealogy of uniparental variants
Authors: Bertoncini Stefania , Bulayeva Kazima , Ferri Gianmarco , Pagani Luca , Caciagli Laura , Taglioli Luca , Semyonov Igor , Bulayev Oleg , Paoli Giorgio , Tofanelli Sergio 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives:Tat language is classified in an Iranian subbranch of the Indo‐European family. It is spoken in the Caucasus and in the West Caspian region by populations with heterogeneous cultural traditions and religion whose ancestry is unknown. The aim of this study is to get a first insight about the genetic history of this peculiar linguistic group.Methods:We investigated the uniparental gene pools, defined by NRY and mtDNA high‐resolution markers, in two Tati‐speaking communities from Dagestan: Mountain Jews or Juhur, who speak the Judeo‐Tat dialect, and the Tats, who speak the Muslim‐Tat dialect. The samples have been collected in monoethnic rural villages and selected on the basis of genealogical relationships. A novel approach aimed at resolving cryptic cases in the recent history of human populations, which combines the properties of uniparental genetic markers with the potential of “forward‐in‐time” computer simulations, is presented.Results:Judeo‐Tats emerged as a group with tight matrilineal genetic legacy who separated early from other Jewish communities. Tats exhibited genetic signals of a much longer in situ evolution, which appear as substantially unlinked with other Indo‐Iranian enclaves in the Caucasus.Conclusions:The independent demographic histories of the two samples, with mutually reversed profiles at paternally and maternally transmitted genetic systems, suggest that geographic proximity and linguistic assimilation of Tati‐speakers from Dagestan do not reflect a common ancestry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Newborn's condition at birth does not depend on maternal sexual strategy—evidence against the “hunting for good genes” hypothesis
Authors: Pawlowski Boguslaw , Zelazniewicz Agnieszka 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives:Neonatal weight and health depend on many epigenetic and environmental factors and also on a child's genes as inherited from the mother and the father. The “Hunting for Good Genes” (HfGG) hypothesis claims that women pursue short‐term mating strategies in order to obtain good genes for their progeny. If this is true, one should expect that in comparison to children born in long‐term relationships (LR), children born in short‐term relationships (SR) should have a larger neonatal size and be healthier.Methods:To test the HfGG hypothesis, and whether sexual strategy influences neonatal parameters, we used an on‐line questionnaire aimed at mothers. Totally, 1,558 women took part in this study, and among them 130 conceived their first‐born child in a short‐term relationship (SR mothers) and 1,428 in a long‐term relationship (LR mothers).Results:There was no difference between those two groups of children in terms of birth weight and Apgar score. Although we found no difference in the occurrence of genetic diseases and birth defects between SR and LR boys, the girls born by LR mothers were healthier than those born by SR mothers. We also did not find any difference in the sex ratio of the children born to SR and LR mothers.Conclusions:The results of our study do not support the “Hunting for Good Genes” hypothesis for the first born child. In the contemporary western society of the study, women do not seem to derive genetic benefits expressed as child condition at birth from short‐term relationships. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microenvironmental Control of the Breast Cancer Cell Cycle
Authors: Guo Xun , Wu Yuehan , Hathaway Helen J. , Hartley Rebecca S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe mammary gland is one of the best‐studied examples of an organ whose structure and function are influenced by reciprocal signaling and communication between cells and their microenvironment. The mammary epithelial cell (MEC) microenvironment includes stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Abundant evidence shows that the ECM and growth factors co‐operate to regulate cell cycle progression, and that the ECM is altered in breast tumors. In particular, mammographically dense breast tissue is a significant risk factor for developing breast carcinomas. Dense breast tissue is associated with increased stromal collagen and epithelial cell content. In this article, we overview recent studies addressing the effects of ECM composition on the breast cancer cell cycle. Although the normal breast ECM keeps the MEC cycle in check, the ECM remodeling associated with breast cancer positively regulates the MEC cycle. ECM effects on the downstream biochemical and mechanosignaling pathways in both normal and tumorigenic MECs will be reviewed. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endogenous activation of adaptive immunity: Tenascin‐C drives interleukin‐17 synthesis in murine arthritic joint disease
Authors: Ruhmann Michaela , Piccinini Anna M. , Kong Philip L. , Midwood Kim S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis is characterized by persistent synovial inflammation and progressive joint destruction, which are mediated by innate and adaptive immune responses. Cytokine blockade successfully treats some patient subsets; however, ∼50% do not respond to this approach. Targeting of pathogenic T lymphocytes is emerging as an effective alternative/complementary therapeutic strategy, yet the factors that control T cell activation in joint disease are not well understood. Tenascin‐C is an arthritogenic extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is not expressed in healthy synovium but is elevated in the rheumatoid joint, where high levels are produced by myeloid cells. Among these cells, tenascin‐C expression is most highly induced in activated dendritic cells (DCs). The aim of this study was to examine the role of tenascin‐C in this cell type.MethodsWe systematically compared the phenotype of DCs isolated from wild‐type mice or mice with a targeted deletion of tenascin‐C by assessing cell maturation, cytokine synthesis, and T cell polarization.ResultsDendritic cells derived from tenascin‐C–null mice exhibited no defects in maturation; induction of the class II major histocompatibility complex and the costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86 was unimpaired. Dendritic cells that did not express tenascin‐C, however, produced lower levels of inflammatory cytokines than did cells from wild‐type mice and exhibited specific defects in Th17 cell polarization. Moreover, tenascin‐C–null mice displayed ablated levels of interleukin‐17 in the joint during experimental arthritis.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that tenascin‐C is important in DC‐mediated polarization of Th17 lymphocytes during inflammation and suggest a key role for this endogenous danger signal in driving adaptive immunity in erosive joint disease.
Prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome by the presence of lupus anticoagulant, but not anticardiolipin antibody, in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies
Authors: Lockshin Michael D. , Kim Mimi , Laskin Carl A. , Guerra Marta , Branch D. Ware , Merrill Joan , Petri Michelle , Porter T. Flint , Sammaritano Lisa , Stephenson Mary D. , Buyon Jill , Salmon Jane E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate which serologic and clinical findings predict adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) and to test the hypothesis that a pattern of clinical and serologic variables can identify women at highest risk of adverse pregnancy outcome.MethodsWomen enrolled in a multicenter prospective observational study of risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome in patients with aPL (lupus anticoagulant [LAC], anticardiolipin antibody [aCL], and/or antibody to β2‐glycoprotein I [anti‐β2GPI]) and/or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were recruited for the present prospective study. Demographic, clinical, serologic, and treatment data were recorded at the time of the first study visit. The relationship between individual and combined variables and adverse pregnancy outcome was assessed by bivariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsBetween 2003 and 2011 we enrolled 144 pregnant patients, of whom 28 had adverse pregnancy outcome. Thirty‐nine percent of the patients with LAC had adverse pregnancy outcome, compared to 3% of those who did not have LAC (P < 0.0001). Among women with IgG aCL at a level of ≥40 units/ml, only 8% of those who were LAC negative had adverse pregnancy outcome, compared to 43% of those who were LAC positive (P = 0.002). IgM aCL, IgG anti‐β2GPI, and IgM anti‐β2GPI did not predict adverse pregnancy outcome. In bivariate analysis, adverse pregnancy outcome occurred in 52% of patients with and 13% of patients without prior thrombosis (P = 0.00005), and in 23% with SLE versus 17% without SLE (not significant); SLE was a predictor in multivariate analysis. Prior pregnancy loss did not predict adverse pregnancy outcome. Simultaneous positivity for aCL, anti‐β2GPI, and LAC did not predict adverse pregnancy outcome better than did positivity for LAC alone.ConclusionLAC is the primary predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome after 12 weeks' gestation in aPL‐associated pregnancies. Anticardiolipin antibody and anti‐β2GPI, if LAC is not also present, do not predict adverse pregnancy outcome.
Relationship of the lumbar lordosis angle to the abdominal aortic bifurcation and inferior vena cava confluence levels
Authors: Moussallem Charbel D. , Hamad Ibrahim Abou , El‐Yahchouchi Christine A. , Moussallem Maroun D. , Arnalsteen Damien M. , Mertl Patrice , Havet Eric 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study is to determine the relationship of the variations of the lumbar lordosis angle (LLA) to the aortic bifurcation level and inferior vena cava (IVC) confluence level using CT angiography. A retrospective study was conducted using the data available on abdominopelvic CT angiography scans. The LLA, the level and angle of bifurcation of the aorta, the level and angle of confluence of the IVC were identified using multiplanar and 3D reconstruction. Linear regression models were fitted to the data. We interpreted 181 scans for 181 individuals having a mean age of 55 years (18–89). The most common site of aortic bifurcation was at L4‐L5 disc space (34.8%) and that of vena confluence was at the upper of L5 (29.3%). The mean LLA was 34.65° (13°–77°). The mean aortic bifurcation angle was 47.43° (17°–100°) and the mean IVC confluence angle was 71.86° (30°–120°). The positions of the aortic bifurcation and venous confluence levels showed a proximal shift with an increasing LLA P < 0.001. This study showed that the level of bifurcation of the aorta and the level of confluence of the IVC may vary with the variations of the LLA. Clin. Anat. 25:866–871, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.