bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Christian Scholarship in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Marsden George M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This Chapter considers what has changed regarding the place of Christian scholarship since the 1990s, when this book first appeared. In the 2020s the acceptance of intellectual diversity has made it less plausible to dismiss Christian scholarship on strictly empirical grounds. At the same time increased diversity has made academia more contentious, or “an intellectual Wild West.” In that setting Christians ought to be champions of law and order, endorsing rational standards for evidence and argument. They should also promote John Inazu has called “confident pluralism,” encouraging civil exchange of diverse views. James Hunter’s “faithful presence” is another helpful model. In a “post-secular era,” with secularism in disarray, Christian scholars and academic institutions have been resilient, despite many obstacles. Essential to their continued success is that they cultivate Christian virtues, loving those with whom they differ and pointing in their lives and work to the beauty of the Christian message.
Minds, Machines, and Gods
Authors: Vallor Shannon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Beginning with the example of the AI chatbot, this chapter reveals the gap between today’s machine mirrors and minds by explaining the difference between a mirror image and the reality it reflects. Unpacking the mirror metaphor in more detail, the chapter outlines the physical nature of minds and discusses how AI mirrors work in a fundamentally different way. It explains how the mirror phenomenon causes the most well-studied and common type of harm produced by commercial AI tools: unfair bias that fosters “runaway feedback loops” of discrimination and injustice. By reproducing and amplifying historical patterns of injustice found in our data, AI pushes humanity’s past failures into our future, ensuring that we make the same mistakes, only at ever greater scales. The chapter ends by reflecting on this threat to human potential as we stand on the brink of an unsustainable past that urgently commands our power to change.
Through the Looking Glass
Authors: Vallor Shannon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the seductive pull of our most popular, and dangerous, narrative about the future with AI. This fictional story, in which humanity’s privilege and power is conquered by malevolent, “superhuman” machines, long predates modern computing. In fact, this dark vision tells us very little about AI itself, or about the true risks of building machines to replace humans. Like Alice’s journey in Through the Looking Glass, it’s a mirror projection of our own deepest anxieties about our power. Unlike Alice’s harmless fantasy, however, this illusion has very real political consequences in longtermism, a growing movement to shift attention and resources away from the world’s most immediate challenges, and toward these looking-glass dangers. The chapter concludes by asking what futures we might build with a very different and more humane vision for AI, one guided not by fear and illusion, but by the virtues of moral imagination, courage, and wisdom.
AI and the Bootstrapping Problem
Authors: Vallor Shannon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter confronts a serious obstacle to setting the trajectory of AI development on a new moral course. It will be hard enough to counter today’s commercial and political pressures to use AI to conserve the status quo, which disproportionately profits small but powerful interests. But there’s a deeper challenge. If we realign AI with a different, more humane set of values, what—and whose—should those values be? It’s a bootstrapping problem, since the models of excellence we already recognize and celebrate are the very ones that led us to build an unsustainable world. The “virtues of innovation” we still celebrate in the AI ecosystem—from single-minded ambition and perseverance, to independent thinking and optimized efficiency, to productivity and frictionless delivery—may be dead moral weight, holding our feet to the path we have long been on. Can we turn our moral sights for AI in a new direction?
In a Mirror, Brightly
Authors: Vallor Shannon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The final chapter envisions steering a new, humane, and sustainable course for ourselves with AI. We must refuse dangerous techno-utopian ideologies that falsely equate unregulated AI innovation with progress or—worse even—envision a world redeemed by our machine replacements. Yet AI has a role to play in a sustainable and just future. Human reinvention has always been aided by technological imagination, which is every bit as natural and vital to our shared flourishing as is our moral and political imagination. A sustainable world demands that technological imagination come home to its earliest, most humane impulse: to serve the needs of others and secure a future for them. In the book’s final pages, we find encouragement and inspiration for this vision in recent science fiction that reimagines what, who, and how we could be with AI, by reclaiming the moral confidence, courage, and wisdom to repair a broken world.
Strategic Workforce Planning
Authors: Ward Dan L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
As one of the earlier practitioners, the author traces the evolution of modern workforce strategy planning as it evolved from statistically driven manpower planning modeling into more broadly based human resource planning. He suggests that a divided approach evolved as it split between those who approached it from a workforce data science foundation versus those who incorporated it within a generalized management consultancy domain. He suggests both focus areas are needed for strategic workforce planning to be truly successful. Based on legacy experience, he suggests that a solid managerial consultancy mindset is critical if one is to successfully address the fundamental workforce challenge of adequately anticipating and addressing the workforce capabilities required for future mission success.
Strategic Workforce Planning for Growth
Authors: Eyring James D. , Newmark, and Andrew P. , Setlur Sunil 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Revenue growth is critical for company success, but most companies don’t sufficiently consider the impact of forecasted revenue when creating their strategic workforce plans. High- and low-growth companies face different challenges which impact company strategy, capability needs, and company culture. This chapter explores the challenges of high and low growth and describes how companies can adapt their workforce planning approach and talent strategies to meet the needs of multispeed growth. Cases from Marriott International and Gojek highlight how these two businesses have adapted their strategic workforce planning process and talent strategies to meet the needs of growth.
Strategic Work-Task Planning
Authors: Creelman David , Fink Alexis A. , Ulrich David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the concept of work-task planning as an alternative to traditional workforce planning. It emphasizes the importance of analyzing tasks and the skills required to execute them rather than focusing solely on jobs and employees. Work-task planning provides insights and opportunities for talent management, allowing organizations to fill gaps in skills and efficiently allocate tasks. The authors discuss various factors driving the need for work-task planning, such as the pace of change, automation, the rise of gig workers, and advancements in natural language processing, as well as examples of work-task planning in different industries; they also discuss the challenges involved in implementing this approach. This chapter also highlights the significance of creating a taxonomy of tasks and outlines steps for effective work-task planning implementation. Overall, work-task planning offers flexibility and agility in adapting to changing work dynamics and achieving strategic goals.
The Job as Work Role and Profession
Authors: Fischbach Andrea , Schneider Benjamin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The new world of work is dynamic, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous, making it increasingly less possible to precisely describe, prescribe, and directly manage work and workers. The reality of the modern work world is that workers must use their discretion as they carry out their new and expanded roles and responsibilities. To make this new work role effective, companies must focus on more than upskilling workers. They do this by actively creating a climate for professionalism commensurate with the new professional work role. This chapter details the human resources (HR) practices necessary to create the climate necessary for modern organizations to be effective in this new world of work.
The X-Factor in Strategic Workforce Planning
Authors: Reimer David , Bryant Adam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores strategic workforce planning (SWP) from the mindset of the CEO. It provides three different, real-world case studies in which the CEO and the company faced unique challenges both inside and outside their companies. In each, the CEO conveyed a different level of openness and understanding for SWP to the conditions they were trying to navigate. The authors offer ways that SWP professionals can elevate the conversation, such that the CEO is more likely to feel urgency and provide access for SWP discussions within their already busy agenda. The authors also suggest ways to engage the CEO with the right questions so that they will view SWP as being about ongoing competitive advantage of the firm rather than an exercise to be delegated to the HR function.
The New “Science of Politics”
Authors: Siegel Neil S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter Two introduces concepts and methods in economics and political science that inform subsequent chapters of The Collective-Action Constitution. This chapter defines collective-action problems and uses simple 2 × 2 matrix game theory to sort such problems into two categories—cooperation problems and coordination problems—which are distinguished by their primary causes. The chapter then discusses potential differences between 2 × 2 matrix models and many kinds of interactions that arise in life. Complexities include increasing the number of agents whose cooperation or coordination is required for collective action to succeed, which helps explain and evaluate the Framers’ skepticism that the states would (and should) address their own collective-action problems and the Framers’ optimism that the federal government would be structurally better situated to offer solutions. These complexities do not generally change the number or nature of the collective-action problems that occur, but the complexities can affect the likelihood that collective action will succeed. In addition, Chapter Two identifies potential solutions to collective-action problems, some of which are better suited to certain such problems and environments than others, and each of which may face significant challenges. Finally, the chapter distinguishes the “pure” collective-action problems studied by game theorists from the “impure” collective-action problems that arise in life, which involve disagreements about whether there is a collective-action problem in need of solving. When collective-action problems are impure, most agents—not all—would be better off from their own perspective if collective action succeeded.
The Necessity of Federal Power
Authors: Siegel Neil S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 of The Collective-Action Constitution argues that, because nationalist Founders did not expect the states regularly to be able to act collectively, the Constitution empowers the federal government to solve many multistate collective-action problems. The constitutional text and structure reflect the conviction that the federal government operating through majority (or supermajority) rule will be more likely to find solutions that elude states trying to cooperate or coordinate through unanimity rule. Professor George William Van Cleve writes in his history of the Confederation period that the Constitution ultimately emerged from “the states’ and sections’ willingness to confer fundamental new powers on the national government and to permit them to be exercised by majority vote.” Thus, the eighteen clauses of Article I, Section 8, where most of Congress’s legislative powers are found, mainly authorize Congress to address collective-action problems for the states that are caused by state incentives not to cooperate with other states no matter what other states do; by coordination difficulties for states; or by cost externalizations by states that exceed internalized benefits. Foremost among the Section 8 powers is Congress’s taxing authority—and, relatedly, its powers to spend and borrow. After detailing the main structural problems with the Articles of Confederation and the ways in which nationalist Framers sought to address them in drafting Resolution VI of the Virginia Plan and then Section 8, this chapter analyses the collective-action dimensions of the congressional powers to tax, spend, and borrow.
Races to the Bottom, Interstate Coordination, and Territorial Empire
Authors: Siegel Neil S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 of The Collective-Action Constitution analyzes, from a collective-action perspective, the Constitution’s underappreciated role in helping define the constitutional relationship among the states themselves. Article IV’s two initial sections contain provisions that either limit what states may do or empower Congress to act. The Full Faith and Credit Clause, the Effects Clause, the Privileges and Immunities Clause, and the Extradition Clause aim to secure political and economic union by preventing collective-action problems for the states. Distressingly, the same could have been said of the Fugitive Slave Clause. The collective-action rationale for exclusive federal power to enforce this clause underscores the significance of constitutional rights as a firm limit on what the federal government can do, and state governments cannot do, to solve or prevent collective-action problems for the states. Article IV’s third section turns from the movement of persons across state lines to the control over territory. The Territory Clause gives Congress exclusive power to dispose of and regulate federal lands and other property, and the Admissions Clause gives Congress exclusive power to admit new states into the Union. These clauses both authorize the federal government to solve collective-action problems for the states and prevent states from causing them. Their placement together in the same section may reflect an original expectation that federal territories would eventually become states. This has not always happened, however, which raises troubling questions about the democratic legitimacy of contemporary American empire.
The Collective Costs of Strict Supermajority Requirements
Authors: Siegel Neil S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 10 of The Collective-Action Constitution turns from interpreting the Constitution to perfecting it by making it easier for congressional majorities to solve collective-action problems for the states. This chapter discusses impediments to collective action imposed by the supermajority voting requirements that must be satisfied before important powers may be exercised. These include proposing and approving constitutional amendments, a two-part process that overrepresents the states. These also encompass concluding treaties, a procedure as difficult to use under the Constitution as it was under the Articles of Confederation. These supermajority requirements have made use of the associated powers increasingly rare and prompted the development of workarounds. Such workarounds and other considerations suggest that these supermajority rules are incompatible with the perceived needs of modern American governance. Two other supermajority voting rules empower presidents to undermine congressional solutions to multistate collective-action problems. The Framers did not anticipate that presidents might abuse their power vis-à-vis Congress and not just be victims of such abuse, and so the Framers did not worry about the difficulty of overriding presidential vetoes by meeting strict supermajority requirements. Nor did the Framers anticipate dramatically expanded executive power and political parties, let alone polarized, antagonistic parties and constant razor’s-edge elections. These developments make it extraordinarily difficult to override vetoes and remove impeached presidents by securing two-thirds support in the Senate. These supermajority rules likely make collective action by members of Congress—which helps protect federal statutes that solve collective-action problems for states—too difficult to accomplish in modern America.
The Problem of Congressional Gridlock
Authors: Siegel Neil S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 11 of The Collective-Action Constitution argues that the US Constitution’s greatest defect in modern times is that Congress often cannot legislate to help solve serious societal problems that the states would need to act collectively to address. This chapter identifies five primary causes of gridlock: bicameralism, the separation (and interrelation) of powers, policy-based vetoes, the Senate filibuster, and polarized, antagonistic parties in a closely divided policy. To protect state autonomy and individual liberty, the Framers created a bicameral legislature and a separation-of-powers system, both of which make it more difficult to legislate than in a unicameral legislature and a parliamentary system. But the Framers did not imagine that veto threats would come to dominate the policymaking process in situations having nothing to do with perceived encroachments on the presidency or bills the president thinks unconstitutional. Nor were the Framers responsible for subconstitutional “veto gates” in Congress, especially the filibuster. Finally, the Framers did not foresee political parties, let alone polarized, antagonistic parties, extreme partisan gerrymanders, and constant razor’s-edge elections. A result has been power shifts from Congress to the executive branch, federal courts, and states. The main workaround for gridlock has been more frequent unilateral action by the executive, which is less enduring and far-reaching than legislation, and which poses greater risks of democratic deficits and backsliding. Although it is likely too hard to legislate today, collective-action problems would almost certainly be more severe if the federal government were dissolved and states had to unanimously agree to address them.
The Political as a (Feminist) Question
Authors: Krystalli Roxani 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
What does it mean to be a ‘good victim’? The growing fascination with victimhood in Colombia, and the ethical and methodological concerns stemming from that gaze, prompted a reorientation of this inquiry towards the role of bureaucracies in shaping both the category of ‘victim’, as well as its associated subjectivities and relationships. Rather than asserting that victimhood is political, the book asks what kinds of politics the status of ‘victim’ can enable. This chapter introduces the concept of the ‘good victim’ and connects it to interdisciplinary feminist discussions about agency and politics. The chapter also articulates the contributions that this study of the politics of victimhood can make to understandings of the state, subjectivities, and politics in the wake of violence.
Making Victims
Authors: Krystalli Roxani 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter interweaves three historical accounts, offering a brief history of violence in Colombia, an overview of the 2016 peace process between the government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), and an analysis of the development of the institutional framework of transitional justice in the country. Rather than providing a comprehensive history of every aspect of the armed conflict, the chapter concentrates on key turning points that shaped the transitional justice process, which took shape before the conclusion of a formal peace accord. The analysis focuses on the institutional bureaucracy of victimhood in Colombia, analysing both laws and policies pertaining to those recognized as victims and the normative shifts that allowed them to come into force. These include a shift from mobilization around the mantle of displacement towards the category of ‘victim’, and a transition from the language of disasters and development to the register of rights.
Making the (Good) State
Authors: Krystalli Roxani 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter proceeds from an attentiveness to how ‘the state’ haunts those who embody it or seek its attention. It traces the life histories of the professionals who populate the bureaucracy of victimhood in Colombia by asking: How does being seen like a state shape transitional justice professionals’ encounters with people who identify as victims? What does it mean to become the state, and how do professionals make sense of that positioning, the power they wield, and the affective dilemmas it generates? Ultimately, how are the politics of becoming, being, and being seen like a state entwined with the politics of victimhood? Building on the collective wisdom of ethnographies of the state in Colombia, the argument underscores that it is not only the state that makes ‘victims’, but also victimhood makes the state in the wake of violence. The ghosts and hauntings introduced in this chapter reappear throughout the book.
Victim Professionals and Professionalized Victims
Authors: Krystalli Roxani 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter critically engages with the expectations of professionalization that recurred in bureaucrats’ encounters with people recognized as victims. What kind of subject is the professional(ized) victim, and what work do the narratives and practices of professionalization do during transitions from violence? Speaking of professionalization, rather than only of professionalism, brings a process into focus. The chapter pays attention to the politics of the ‘victim’ subject this process produces and the mechanisms and labour by which this subject comes into being, becomes ideal(ized), or is contested. Focusing on the legacies of transitional justice mechanisms, rather than the legacies of the violence of the armed conflict, this chapter brings to the fore the labour, paperwork, vernaculars, and ways of being these programmes require and inspire. The chapter also takes seriously the care work that people do in the margins and shadows of the bureaucracy of victimhood.
‘Victim’ as Distinction
Authors: Krystalli Roxani 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Literature on transitions from war has drawn attention to the hierarchies that the label of ‘victim’ reflects and contains. This chapter extends that conversation by highlighting how the category of ‘victim of armed conflict’ itself functions as a maker of hierarchy. Focusing on the gendered dimensions of the differential approach of the peace and justice process in Colombia, the analysis pays attention to the distinctions and divisions the status of ‘victim’ creates among forms of violence, social movements, and versions of one’s own self. The distinctions and divisions that arise pertain not only to bureaucratic avenues and encounters, but also to socio-political mobilization around violence and the (re)making of the self and relationships in the wake of war.