bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Stuber Margaret L. , Meeske Kathleen A. , Krull Kevin R. , Leisenring Wendy , Stratton Kayla , Kazak Anne E. , Huber Marc , Zebrack Bradley , Uijtdehaage Sebastian H. , Mertens Ann C. , Robison Leslie L. , Zeltzer Lonnie K. 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE:
This study compared the prevalence of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with functional impairment and/or clinical distress, among very long-term survivors of childhood cancer and a group of healthy siblings.

METHODS:
A total of 6542 childhood cancer survivors &gt;18 years of age who received diagnoses between 1970 and 1986 and 368 siblings of cancer survivors completed a comprehensive demographic and health survey.

RESULTS:
A total of 589 survivors (9%) and 8 siblings (2%) reported functional impairment and/or clinical distress in addition to the set of symptoms consistent with a full diagnosis of PTSD. Survivors had more than fourfold greater risk of PTSD, compared with siblings (odds ratio [OR]: 4.14 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.08–8.25]). With controlling for demographic and treatment variables, increased risk of PTSD was associated with educational level of high school or less (OR: 1.51 [95% CI: 1.16–1.98]), being unmarried (OR: 1.99 [95% CI: 1.58–2.50]), having annual income below $20000 (OR: 1.63 [95% CI: 1.21–2.20]), and being unemployed (OR: 2.01 [95% CI: 1.62–2.51]). Intensive treatment also was associated with increased risk of full PTSD (OR: 1.36 [95% CI: 1.06–1.74]).

CONCLUSIONS:
PTSD was reported significantly more often by survivors of childhood cancer than by sibling control subjects. Although most survivors apparently are faring well, a subset reported significant impairment that may warrant targeted intervention.
Heritability of Cylindrocladium Black Rot Resistance in Peanut1
Authors: Hadley B. A. , Beute M. K. , Wynne J. C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In order to estimate heritability of resistance to Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR), caused by Cylindrocladium crotalariae, in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), the F1 F2 and parental generations from a four-parent diallel cross were rated for resistance under optimum greenhouse conditions. General combining ability was significant for both generations suggesting that resistance to Cylindrocladium black rot in these lines was primarily due to additive genetic effects.
The four parents produced progeny having different levels of resistance. NC3033, Argentine and NC2 produced progeny from which resistant selections could be made, while Florigiant produced susceptible progenies in all crosses.
Estimates of heritability ranged from 0.48 to 0.65 depending on the method of calculation. Based on these estimates, early generation selection for CBR-resistance in the greenhouse should be effective.
New Harvesting and Curing Techniques in the Production of Breeder's Seed Peanuts1
Authors: Coffelt T. A. , Wright F. S. , Steele J. L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A new method of harvesting and curing breeder's seed peanuts in Virginia was initiated that would 1) reduce the labor requirements, 2) maintain a high level of germination, 3) maintain varietal purity at 100%, and 4) reduce the risk of frost damage. Three possible harvesting and curing methods were studied. The traditional stack-pole method satisfied the latter 3 objectives, but not the first. The windrow-combine method satisfied the first 2 objectives, but not the last 2. The direct harvesting method satisfied all four objectives. The experimental equipment and curing procedures for direct harvesting had been developed but not tested on a large scale for seed harvesting. This method has been used in Virginia to produce breeder's seed of 3 peanut varieties (Florigiant, VA 72R and VA 61R) during five years. Compared to the stackpole method, labor requirements have been reduced, satisfactory levels of germination and varietal purity have been obtained, and the risk of frost damage has been minimized.
Parasitism of the Lesser Cornstalk Borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, in ‘Florunner’ and ‘Spanhoma’ Peanuts by Native Hymenopterous Species in Oklahoma.1
Authors: Berberet R. C. , Sander D. A. , Wall R. G. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Parasitism of the lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), by hymenopterous species in Oklahoma was compared in ‘Florunner’ and ‘Spanhoma’ peanut varieties. Of the 5 parasite species identified, the greatest incidence of parasitism in both varieties was by Invreia sp. There were no consistent differences in parasitic activity in Invreia sp. or other species related to peanut varieties from which E. lignosellus were collected.
Estimation of the Distribution of Lots of Shelled Peanuts According to Aflatoxin Concentrations1
Authors: Whitaker T. B. , Dickens J. W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The distribution of shelled peanut lots according to their true aflatoxin concentrations is different than the distribution of aflatoxin assays made on those lots. This difference is due to assay errors associated with sampling, subsampling and analysis. A method was developed to estimate the distribution of the lots according to their true aflatoxin concentration based on aflatoxin assays. Estimates of the distribution of the 1973, 1974, and 1975 peanut lots were computed from their aflatoxin assays which were recorded by the Peanut Administrative Committee (PAC). Fifty-five percent of the PAC assays for the 3 crop years were less than 3 parts per billion (ppb) aflatoxin, whereas the estimated lot distribution indicated that only 48% of the lots were less than 3 ppb. On the other hand, only 94% of the assays compared to an estimated 96% of the lots were less than 25 ppb.
Physiology of Oil Seeds. VIII. Germination of Peanut Seeds Exposed to Subfreezing Temperatures while Drying in the Windrow.1,2
Authors: Ketring D. L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
During November 1976, freshly dug, high-moisture (30–40%) peanuts drying in the windrow in North Texas were exposed to subfreezing overnight temperatures for 6 days. The effects of that exposure on germination of the seeds were studied. Samples of the subsequently cured and hand-shelled peanut seeds were tested for germination, seedling emergence, ethylene and carbon dioxide production, and certain enzyme activities. Laboratory germination was 42%, greenhouse seedling emergence 32%, and most of the freeze-damaged seeds that germinated grew at a slow rate. Germination and greenhouse seedling emergence of controls were 96 and 100%, respectively. At their maximum rates, ethylene and carbon dioxide production by freeze-damaged seeds were reduced 83 and 36%, respectively. Mean enzyme activities measured from protein extracts of the freeze-damaged seeds were reduced, but they were not always significantly different from the control. However, isocitric lyase activity, which depends on de novo protein synthesis, was significantly less for freeze-damaged than for control seeds, particularly during initial stages of germination. Thus, low-temperature exposure of high-moisture peanut seeds interfered with the initial biochemical and developmental processes, such as synthesis of new proteins, that determine seedling growth.
Evaluation of Free Amino Acid and Free Sugar Contents in Five Lines of Virginia-Type Peanuts at Four Locations1
Authors: Oupadissakoon Chintana , Young Clyde T. , Mozingo R. Walton 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Five lines of Virginia-type peanuts, Florigiant (FG), NC 6, NC 17921 (FG × Florunner), NC 17922 (FG × Valencia), NC 17976 (FG × Spanhoma), were selected from the advanced breeding lines and the standard variety test. They were grown at 4 county locations, 2 in North Carolina and 2 in Virginia, with 3 replications (blocks) in a randomized complete block design; adjacent plots were used for each digging. Free amino acid and free sugars were determined on sound mature kernels. Statistical analysis showed significant differences for varieties and locations. The variety effects were larger in the case of the free sugar contents. NC 6 had the largest quantity of glucose (0.12 mg/g), sucrose (37.45 mg/g), and stachyose (4.24 mg/g), while FG was highest in inositol (0.15 mg/g). In the case of free amino acids (μmoles/g), significant variety effects were observed for threonine-serine (1.55–1.92), alanine (0.95–1.53), peptide-cystine (1.28–1.50), valine (0.42–0.62), and histidine (0.58–0.66). Peanuts grown at Northampton County (NC) had the highest quantities of inositol (0.16 mg/g), sucrose (32.39 mg/g), stachyose (4.63 mg/g), aspartic acid (1.48 μmoles/g), threonine-serine (2.55), glutamic acid (7.49), alanine (1.89), valine (0.76), isoleucine (0.23) unknown 4-tyrosine (0.37), and histidine (0.78). The arginine maturity index value, calcium content, % sound mature kernels, % extra large kernels, and yield data are discussed.
Effect of Tertiary Butylhydroquinone on the Shelf Life of Salted-in-the-Shell Roasted Peanuts1
Authors: Hoover M. W. , Nathan P. J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Roasted salted-in-the-shell peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) normally have a shelf life of four to six weeks. Three levels of tertiary butylhydroquinone (0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06%) were added to a 12.5% NaCl brine solution which was used to vacuum impregnate Virginia type peanuts prior to roasting. A control was also run. After drying and roasting, the peanuts were placed in a 63°C oven, and an accelerated shelf life study was conducted. Flavor evaluations and total carbonyl contents were determined weekly. The antioxidant treatment extended the shelf life of salted-in-the-shell roasted peanuts, reducing the total carbonyls produced during storage and giving higher flavor scores. Applications of 0.04% and 0.06% TBHQ approximately doubled the shelf life of the salted-in-the-shell peanuts. A correlation coefficient of 0.96 was found between the total carbonyl values and flavor scores.
Effect of Three Ca Sources Applied on Peanuts II, Soil Ca, K, and Mg Levels1
Authors: Hallock D. L. , Allison A. H. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Field experiments were conducted on Kenansville lfs (Arenic Hapludult) in 1977 and on Rumford lfs (Typic Hapludult) in 1978 to compare two bulk-spread supplemental Ca sources with bagged landplaster. Bagged LP, 420 Landplaster Bulk (420-Bulk) and Texasgulf Gypsum (Tg Gypsum) were appplied on Florigiant peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) at rates equivalent to 260 kg/ha Ca broadcast and at three different dates: planting, early June just prior to flowering, and late June in early flowering stage. The relative effects of these Ca sources on changes in the contents of H2O- and 1.0 N NH4OAC-extractable soil Ca, Mg, and K in the 0- to 10-cm and 10- to 20-cm soil layers wre measured by analysis of periodic soil samplings taken during the peanut fruiting period.
All three Ca sources increased the contents of both H2O- extractable Ca (H2O-Ca) and NH4OAc-extractable Ca (Ac-Ca) in both soil layers throughout the sampling period. In 1977, contents of H2O-Ca in treated plots often were 100 to 125 μg/g of soil higher in the 0- to 10-cm layer and 50 μg/g higher in the 10- to 20-cm layer than in untreated plots. Increases in the contents of Ac-Ca in treated plots up to 150 μg/g of soil occurred in several cases in the 0- to 10-cm layer and up to 100 μg/g in the lower layer. The Ca applications in 1977 increased the initial extractable contents of H2O-Ca and Ac-Ca more and the Ca persisted longer after Ca application than in 1978. Bagged-LP or Tg Gypsum generally increased the contents of H2O-Ca and Ac-Ca in the 0- to 10-cm layer considerably more than 420-Bulk, particularly in 1977. Differences between Ca sources often diminished with time after application of the materials. This occurred to a greater extent in 1978. The contents of Ac-Ca, particularly, in plots amended with 420-Bulk usually increased considerably toward the end of the sampling period. The contents of H2O-Ca and Ac-Ca in comparable samplings of the peanut fruiting layer generally were similar much of the time for all three times of applications.
Changes in NH2OAc-extractable Mg contents extracted from the 0- to 10-cm and 10- to 20-cm layers following application of the Ca sources ranged from 10 to −25 and 28 to −22 μg/g of soil, respectively, in 1977. The ranges in 1978 were from 0 to −20 and 12 to −14 μg/g of soil, respectively. Similarly, changes in NH4OAc-extractable K in the surface and lower layers ranged from 10 to −25 and 13 to −18 μg/g of soil, respectively, in 1977. The ranges in 1978 were from 11 to −20 and 14 to −24 μg/g of soil, respectively. These contents of Ac-Mg and Ac-K decreased more frequently than they increased after application of the Ca sources, particularly when applied at planting. Relatively more increases occurred after the later application.
Quantitative Genetic Aspects of Nitrogen Fixation in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1,2
Authors: Isleib T. G. , Wynne J. C. , Elkan G. H. , Schneeweis T. J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Manipulation of the host genotype has been proposed as a method of increasing biological nitrogen fixation by rhizobia in symbiosis with the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The F1 generation of a diallel cross of 10 South American cultivars was evaluated in the greenhouse in an analysis of gene action for traits related to nitrogen fixation. The parents represented five secondary centers of diversity and effects in the diallel model were partitioned into among- and within-center components. Variation of center effects was significant for several characters but was smaller in magnitude than within-center variation. Specific combining abilities were significant and accounted for more variability than general combining abilities for nodule number, nodule mass, specific nitrogenase activity, shoot weight, and total nitrogen, indicating non-additive types of gene action. Maternal effects were observed for the same characters. The parents with the highest general combining abilities (GCA's) for nitrogen fixation were both fastigiate types, while Virginia-type parents had generally low GCA's. Correlations between parental and GCA effects were nonsignificant for all traits, so simple evaluation of lines for nitrogen-fixing capacity may not identify superior parents for use in breeding programs.
Timely recognition of traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation in a child based on occipital condyle–C1 interval analysis: excellent neurological recovery
Authors: Gluncic Vicko , Turner Michael , Kranzler Leonard , Frim David 
Published: April 2010

A case of atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) is presented to illustrate the importance of subtle imaging findings and the occipital condyle–C1 interval (CCI) measurement in the evaluation of high cervical spine injury. Although AOD is commonly considered to be fatal, recently there have been an increasing number of reports of children surviving this injury. Prompt recognition and treatment of AOD are crucial for survival.
The authors present a case of an 8-year-old boy who sustained a destabilizing injury without bone disruption but with ligamentous tears that rendered his cervical spine unstable from the occiput to the C-1 level. On admission, imaging findings were consistent with tectorial membrane damage, perimedullary subarachnoid hemorrhage, and extraaxial blood from the clivus to the C-2 level. Most standard cervical spine radiological indices were within normal limits except the CCI. After initial management in a cervical collar, the patient was placed in halo vest, and subsequently underwent occiput to C-3 fusion. Timely recognition of the injury and subsequent craniocervical stabilization with internal fixation resulted in full neurological recovery. This report supports CCI as a valuable index for the prompt recognition of AOD. It also supports recent literature suggesting that AOD is a survivable injury with the possibility for an excellent neurological recovery.
Linezolid treatment of shunt-related cerebrospinal fluid infections in children
Authors: Yılmaz Adem , Dalgic Nazan , Müslüman Murat , Sancar Mesut , Çolak Ibrahim , Aydın Yunus 
Published: April 2010

Object
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria as a cause of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection is a disconcerting phenomenon that often requires the use of alternative antimicrobial agents due to resistance against commonly used medications. Linezolid, a member of a new class of antimicrobial agents, has good activity against virtually all important gram-positive pathogens, including multidrug-resistant gram-positive pathogens. The object of this article is to report a single-center experience with linezolid treatment in 6 young patients with VP shunt infections caused by drug-resistant strains.

Methods
The authors reviewed the records of 6 pediatric patients who developed VP shunt infection and in whom initial antimicrobial treatment regimens, including vancomycin, either failed or were associated with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. All 6 patients were treated at their hospital between July 1, 2008, and June 29, 2009. The patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and various treatment modalities used before linezolid therapy were evaluated.

Results
The 6 patients included were 2 boys and 4 girls with a mean (± SD) age of 11.83 ± 12 months (range 4–36 months). Five patients had acquired an infection within 4 months (mean 7.50 ± 13.51 months, range 1–35 months) after shunt insertion. Four patients were treated with external ventricular drainage. Two patients' parents refused to allow shunt removal and placement of an external ventricular drain. The CSF was clear of bacterial growth within a mean of 3.67 ± 1.36 days (range 2–6 days) after initiation of linezolid treatment. The mean duration of linezolid treatment was 18.17 ± 3.31 days (range 14–21 days). Microbiological clearance of CSF and clinical cure were achieved in all patients. No laboratory or clinical side effects were observed during the treatment period. The mean length of hospital stay was 22.8 ± 4.96 days (range 17–28 days).

Conclusions
Linezolid could be an appropriate treatment alternative in children with ventriculostomy-related CSF infections caused by drug-resistant strains, including cases in which shunt removal is not an option. Well-designed prospective studies providing additional information on linezolid levels in plasma and CSF are necessary to confirm the authors' observations.
Treatment decision making based on the published natural history and growth rate of small meningiomas
Authors: Sughrue Michael E. , Rutkowski Martin J. , Aranda Derick , Barani Igor J. , McDermott Michael W. , Parsa Andrew T. 
Published: April 2010

Object
Definitive data allowing clinicians to predict which meningioma patients will fail to respond to conservative management are lacking. To address this need, the authors systematically reviewed the published literature regarding the natural history of small, untreated meningiomas.

Methods
The authors performed a systematic review of the existing literature on untreated meningiomas that were followed with serial MR imaging. They summarize the published linear rates of tumor growth, and the risk factors for development of new or worsened symptoms during follow-up by using a stratified chi-square test.

Results
The search methods identified 22 published studies reporting on 675 patients with untreated meningiomas followed by serial MR imaging. Linear growth rates varied significantly: no growth was the most common rate, although reports of more aggressive tumors noted growth rates of up to a 93% linear increase in size per year. The authors found that few patients with initial tumor diameters < 2 cm went on to develop new or worsened symptoms over a median follow-up period of 4.6 years. Patients with initial tumor diameters of 2–2.5 cm demonstrated a marked difference in the rate of symptom progression if their tumors grew > 10% per year, compared with those tumors growing ≤ 10% per year (42% vs 0%; p < 0.001, chi-square test). Patients with tumors between > 2.5 and 3 cm in initial size went on to develop new or worsened symptoms 17% of the time.

Conclusions
This systematic review of the literature regarding the clinical behavior of untreated meningiomas suggests that most meningiomas ≤ 2.5 cm in diameter do not proceed to cause symptoms in the approximately 5-year period following their discovery. Those that do cause symptoms can usually be predicted with close radiographic follow-up. Based on these findings, the authors suggest the importance of observation in the early course of treatment for small asymptomatic meningiomas, especially those with an initial diameter < 2 cm.
Physical discipline, escalation, and child abuse potential: psychometric evidence for the Analog Parenting Task
Authors: Russa Mary Bower , Rodriguez Christina M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractData from three studies provide new evidence to support the validity of the Analog Parenting Task (APT) as an instrument to assess risk for harsh, physically aggressive parenting. In this series of studies, there was a strong association between APT scores of expected use and escalation of discipline strategies and self‐reported disciplinary attitudes. APT scores were also associated with physical abuse potential as assessed by both a well‐established measure of child abuse potential (Child Abuse Potential Inventory) and another instrument designed specifically for use in pre‐parent populations (e.g., Adult–Adolescent Parenting Inventory‐2). This study provides new psychometric evidence to support the use of the APT to assess harsh parenting. Additionally, these data highlight the connection between acceptance and use of physical disciplinary strategies, propensity for disciplinary escalation, and risk for abuse perpetration. The findings are discussed in the context of Milner's Social Information Processing model [Milner, 2003] of abuse, which suggests that parental selection of disciplinary responding and the monitoring of disciplinary responding are key events in the disciplinary process. The APT may prove a useful adjunct to more commonly used self‐report measures to allow for multimethod assessment of risk for punitive parenting. Aggr. Behav. 36:251–260, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.