bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the post-parturient rise in faecal egg counts of indigenous and cross-bred ewes
Authors: Singh S. , Yadav C.L. , Banerjee D.P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe breed differences in post-parturient rise (PPR) in faecal egg counts in lambing ewes of different breeds naturally infected with Haemonchus contortus were compared. The ewes of Nali, 50% Nali × 50% Russian Merino/Corriedale and 37.5% Nali × 62.5% Russian Merino/Corriedale were treated with fenben-dazole while ewes of the above three breeds as well as 25% Nali × 75% Russian Merino/Corriedale, were kept untreated. Observations from 3 weeks before lambing to 12 weeks post-lambing at weekly intervals revealed that in treated ewes, egg counts of Nali did not differ significantly with 50% Nali whereas 37.5% Nali had significantly higher egg counts than those of Nali and 50% Nali. In untreated ewes egg counts of 50% Nali were significantly higher than that of Nali on some occasions, while 25% Nali had significantly higher egg counts than the other three breeds. None of the ewes from the Nali breed showed signs of haemonchosis, whereas few lambing ewes of the three Nali crosses (50%, 37.5% and 25% Nali) showed signs of haemonchosis and one ewe of the latter breed died.
An epidemiological survey of Echinococcus granulosus and other helminths in animal populations in northern Israel
Authors: Hoida G. , Greenberg Z. , Furth M. , Malsha Y. , Craig P.S. , Schantz P.M. , Sneir R. , El-On J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn a survey carried out during the period May 1995 to November 1996, in communities of various ethnic groups in northern Israel, 206 dogs were examined for Echinococcus granulosus and other intestinal helminth parasites by arecoline hydrobromide purges and the coproantigen-ELISA. The arecoline test was performed close to the owners' homes, using plastic sheets secured to the ground. From 56 dogs examined in the Muslim town of Tamra, six (10.7%) were found to be infected with E. granulosus. Four of them also had a mixed infection of Taenia hydatigena and Dipylidium caninum (two dogs), and the remaining two dogs were infected with either D. caninum or Taenia pisiformis. An additional 18 dogs were infected with either T. pisiformis (eight dogs), D. caninum (seven dogs), or T. hydatigena (three dogs). Two of these dogs harboured mixed infections whereas the remaining 32 dogs were free of helminths. In the Jewish villages, none of the 150 dogs examined were infected with E. granulosus, although 26 (17.3%) were infected with D. caninum, four (2.7%) with Ancylostoma spp. and one (0.7%) with Toxocara canis. Only one of the 22 stray dogs and none of the 15 jackals examined were infected with E. granulosus. However, 21 (95.4%) of the dogs and 12 (80%) of the jackals harboured helminth infections, including: D. caninum (16 dogs and seven jackals), Ancylostoma spp. (five jackals), T. hydatigena (three dogs), and T. canis (one dog). Approximately 18% of the dogs and 33% of the jackals showed mixed infections with two or more of the above helminths. In the abattoirs, 52 (5.9%) of the 874 sheep and 33 (5.3%) of the 616 goats from 17 herds slaughtered in the Muslim and Druze villages were found to be infected with E. granulosus, compared with a 0% infection rate observed in 93 sheep from two herds in Jewish villages.
Antibody responses to fluke cysteine proteinases in Paragonimus- and Fasciola-infected rats
Authors: Ikeda T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIgG and IgM antibody responses to fluke cysteine proteinases in Paragonimus ohirai- and Fasciola sp.-infected rats were followed by means of cystatin capture ELISA using fluke excretory-secretory products for 10 weeks after infection. The specific IgG antibodies were detectable at week 2 postinfection in all P. ohirai-infected and some Fasciola-infected rats. Levels of specific IgG antibodies increased rapidly between week 2 and 6, and slightly thereafter, in both infected groups. From week 3, specific IgG antibody levels were higher in Fasciola-infected than P. ohirai-infected rats. Sera from infected rats did not react with heterologous cysteine proteinases throughout the infection periods. In both infected groups, the kinetic patterns of specific IgM antibody responses were similar to those of specific IgG antibody responses although the ELISA levels of the IgM antibody responses were much lower. In abnormal infections with P. ohirai metacercariae x-irradiated at 2 krad, the specific IgG antibodies were detectable at week 2 postinfection with similar ELISA values to normal P. ohirai infection, but thereafter increased little. In infections with P. westermani, for which the rat is not a suitable host, even stunted worms induced a comparable specific IgG antibody response, although the response was lower than in normal infections with P. ohirai. These results indicate that cystatin capture ELISA can distinguish clearly between Paragonimus and Fasciola infections which show immunodiagnostic cross-reactivity and is useful even in the early stages of the infection and in the infection of unsuitable hosts.
Ultrastructure of the digestive and protonephridial systems of the metacercaria of Euclinostomum multicaecum
Authors: Ramasamy P. , Brennan G.P. , Stalin K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe structure of the digestive tract of Euclinostomum multicaecum (Digenea: Euclinostomatidae) is unusual, comprising several main lateral caeca which extend posteriorly and further divide, giving rise to numerous smaller branches which are widely distributed throughout the fluke. These multicaeca presumably promote nutrient absorption during rapid and prolonged feeding directly following excystment. The caecal wall consists of a syncytial gastrodermal epithelium, bearing loop-like lamellae which extend into the lumen and enclose spherical inclusion bodies and presumably also, increase the absorptive surface area. There was no evidence of endo- or exocytosis, nor were lysosomes, phagosomes or residual bodies observed. The gut caeca are supported by a fibrous basal lamina and an underlying layer of muscle fibres, while parenchymal cells occupy much of the extracellular space. The protonephridial system resembles that observed in other digeneans consisting of flame cells and collecting ducts which join to form a bladder that opens externally through a single excretory pore. The syncytial epithelium of the collecting ducts is elevated by numerous lamellae while the basal lamina is highly infolded. The luminal contents of these ducts comprise bar-shaped crystalline structures, lipid droplets and electron-dense inclusion bodies. The excretory system is supported by a network of muscle fibres and parenchymal cells.
Notes on the eggs and early development of some species of Oxyuridæ
Authors: Philpot F. 
Published: June 2009

Although Oxyuris vermicularis occurs very frequently in children, material from which to study the early development, mature female worms, was difficult to obtain.Specimens were found both in the normal stool and in the stool after treatment with santonin. Egg-laying began as soon as the worms came into contact with air; those which happened to be on the surface very quickly became surrounded by a white deposit of eggs and the worms themselves became reduced to fine threads, which were difficult to detect: Egg-laying was also induced by bringing females into water at body temperature.
The Invasion of Helminth Eggs by Chytridiacean Fungi
Authors: Buckley J. J. C. , Clapham Phyllis A. 
Published: June 2009

The material forming the basis of this paper consists of the two fungi, Catenaria anguillulæ Sorokin and Rhizophidium carpophilum Zopf, which were found parasitic on the eggs of Dibothriocephalus latus in the Helminthology Department in March, 1927. The stool containing the eggs had been washed in laboratory tap water and this was evidently the vehicle of the fungus infection. A sediment obtained from one of the water tanks from which the laboratory is supplied was found to contain infusoria, rotifers and other forms likely to act as hosts for the fungi, and that this was the source of the original infection was proved on more than one occasion by placing some of the sediment in a petri dish along with some uninfected eggs of D. latus, when a new infection of both the fungi appeared in the eggs.In the following paper the fungi are described and an account is given of some experimental work that was carried out with a view to determining the possibility of employing such parasites as a control measure in helminthiasis.
On Wuchereria patei n.sp. from the Lymphatics of Cats, Dogs and Genet Gats on Pate Island, Kenya
Authors: Buckley J. J. C. , Nelson G. S. , Heisch R. B. 
Published: June 2009

1. A new species of Wuchereria is described, from the lymphatic systems of dogs, cats and Genet Cats (Genetta tigrina) on Pate Island off the Kenya coast. It is named W. patei after the island on which it was first discovered.2. The new species belongs to the “W. malayi” group which are characterized in the microfilarial stage by the presence of one terminal and one sub-terminal nucleus in the tail; and in the adults by the presence of only 5 pairs of adanal papillae in the male and by the well-developed centre section in the left spicule.
Orientodiscus fernandoi n.sp. and O. hendricksoni n.sp. (Trematoda, Paramphistomata) from the Intestine of Trionyx spp. in Malaya
Authors: Rohde Klaus 
Published: June 2009

Dr. C. H. Fernando, University of Singapore, sent me 3 trematodes, preserved in formalin, from the intestine of the carnivorous turtle Trionyx sp., which was bought in the market in Singapore having probably been caught in Johore, South Malaya. Two of the trematodes belong to a new species of Orientodiscus (Paramphistomata).The worms were stained with Grenadier's Carminalum and all drawings were made with Leitz' drawing prism. Serial cross-sections were later made from one specimen, and excretory and lymphatic systems were reconstructed from these. In order to get living specimens, 4 specimens of Trionyx phayrii and 3 specimens of Dogania subplana were bought in the market in Kuala Lumpur. One Trionyx harboured 2 and another 27 specimens of large amphistomatous trematodes, which were found to belong to another new species of the same genus. They were first studied alive, then pressed, fixed in Bouin's fixing fluid and stained with Grenadier's Carminalum. Serial cross-sections were made of 3 specimens.
Observations on Panagrellus redivivus Goodey, 1945
Authors: Ellenby C. , Smith L. 
Published: June 2009

(1) Cultures of Panagrellus redivivus increased and decreased in acidity as population increased and decreased.(2) Comparison of the sex ratio of the mature worms present in the culture medium and, at the same time, on the walls and lids of the culture vessels, indicated a shift towards maleness in the sex ratio with distance from the culture medium.(3) The results are discussed in relation to migratory behaviour.
Intake and Migration of the Microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus (Leuckart) in Simulium damnosum Theobald
Authors: Laurence B. R. 
Published: June 2009

1. The intake of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in two series of females of Simulium damnosum fed on an infected human volunteer in West Africa and dissected after staining in London was from 0–171 microfilariae per female in one series and from 0–152 microfilariae per female in the other series. The distribution of microfilariae per female became more normal when plotted on a geometric scale.2. The migration of the microfilariae was followed in the two series of flies by comparing the geometric (Williams) mean numbers of microfilariae in the stomach, abdomen, thorax and head, from 2 minutes to 48 houis after engorgement on blood. Microfilariae left the blood meal rapidly after engorgement, 40–50% leaving the stomach within the first 60 minutes.
The Pathology of Lesions in Cattle caused by Stephanofilaria kaeli Buckley, 1937
Authors: Loke Y. W. , Ramachandran C. P. 
Published: June 2009

1. The pathology of Stephanofilaria kaeli lesions is described from the legs of cattle in Malaya.2. The possible modes of transmission of the parasite are discussed based on the pathology.3. A comparison is made between the pathology of Stephanofilaria kaeli lesions and those produced by other species of Stephanofilaria.
Observations on the Seasonal Variations in the Worm Burdens of Young Sheep in Southern Western Australia
Authors: Parnell I. W. 
Published: June 2009

Observations, limited to one year, on autumn born and spring born lambs and weaners indicated that very few infective larvae of bursate nematodes, with the exception of those of Nematodims spp., were ingested after the middle of spring, with the result that at least until they were eight months old, and probably older, spring born lambs were comparatively lightly infested.These observations also suggested that retarded larvae, especially the histotropic stages, are the cause of the “summer rise” in weaners and that they also cause the “parturition rise” in autumn lambing ewes, and can be the cause of increased worm egg production in wethers.It seems probable that the “summer rise” of sheep in the southern part of Western Australia is comparable to the “spring rise” of sheep in the United Kingdom and elsewhere.
Studies on the excystment of trematode metacercariae in vivo
Authors: Asanji M. F. A. , Williams M. O. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMetacercariae of two species of trematode (Clinostomum tilapiae, Postodiplostomum nanum) excysted in the stomach of birds, while those of three species (Parorchis acanthus, Posthodiplostomum sp., Postliodiplostomoides leonensis) excysted in the duodenum. Differences were related to the structure of the cyst wall. All could excyst in birds which were not the definitive host and the speed of excystment depended on the speed of movement of food in the gut. All, except P. acanthus, also excysted in the body cavity of the mouse.There have been few previous reports on the site of excystment of metacercarial cysts in vivo and most indicate that the duodenum is the site for most species studied, e.g. Clonorchis sinensis (Faust and Khaw, 1927), Parorchis avitus (Stunkard and Cable, 1932), Cryptocotyle lingua (Smyth, 1962) and Fasciola hepatica (Smyth, 1966). In their study of the migratory route of Paragonimus westermani in rats, cats and guinea-pigs Yokogawa et al. (1962) found that excystment occurred in the small intestine where the pH range was 5.0–6.0. Also, although the site of excystment has been established for some species, very little quantitative work has been reported about the percentage excystment in vivo and results of work on these lines is reported in this paper.
Studies with Brugia pahangi 4. Antibodies against adult and microfilarial stages
Authors: Ponnudurai T. , Denham D. A. , Nelson G. S. , Rogers Rosemary 
Published: June 2009

AbstractUsing the indirect fluorescent antibody technique, the antibody response of cats to Brugia pahangi infections was studied using whole microfilariae and sectioned adult worms of B. pahangi as antigens. Microfilarial antigen was ineffective in detecting antibody response in cats during the microfilaraemic phase of the infection, although it was possible to detect circulating antibody in cats which became microfilaria negative after repeated and prolonged reinfection and in one cat which after infection failed to show microfilariae in its blood
Studies on the life history and development ofProteocephalus percae(Müller) (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea)
Authors: Wootten R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe life-cycle of the cestodeProteocephalus percae(Müller), a parasite of the perchPerca fluviatilisL., involves two hosts and was studied both experimentally and by field observations in Hanningfield Reservoir, Essex. The hexacanth embryo is bilaterally symmetrical, with three pairs of hooks and paired glands. The copepodsCyclops (Eucyclops) agilis, C. (Mesocyclops) leuckarti and C. (Acantftocyclops) viridiswere infected experimentally withP. percaeeggs. The egg hatches in the intestine, the embryo penetrates the intestinal wall by means of its hooks and possibly by secretions from its paired glands, and the larva develops within the haemocoel. Development took 3–4 weeks at 14°C inC. viridis, but the rate of development varied at different temperatures and copepod species differed in their suitability as hosts forP. percaelarvae. The adult cestode showed a yearly cycle of occurrence and maturation in perch. Egg production occurred in the spring, after which adult worms were lost from the fish to be quickly replaced by juvenile worms of the succeeding generation. Increase in length of the adult cestode population occurred in two stages, a period of rapid initial growth commencing immediately after establishment in the perch, and a second stage closely associated with maturation of the worms.
Effects of Some Physico-chemical Factors on the Infection of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say) by Miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon in St. Lucia, West Indies
Authors: Upatham Edward Suchart 
Published: June 2009

1. The four physico-chemical characteristics of water tested— volume, salinity, pH, and turbidity—were each found to affect infection of B. glabrata by S. mansoni miracidia.2. The rate of infection decreased as the water volume increased from 90·6% at 0·005 litre to 47·5% at 50 litres.3. The rate of infection decreased as sodium chloride concentration increased, from 78·7% at 0·5 ppm to 2·1% at 4200 ppm. Above 4200 ppm no infection occurred. The activity of the miracidia was affected above 1200 ppm. The snails became non-motile at above 4800 ppm and died within 10 hours at higher concentrations.
Onchocerciasis Due to O. armillata in Cattle in Orissa
Authors: Patnaik B. 
Published: June 2009

The incidence of aortic onchocerciasis was investigated by examining 167 aortas of adult cattle; of these 165 were positive for parasites and nodules.Five young calves, aged between 3 and 6 months did not reveal any aortic infection, indicating that the infection is seen in adult animals mostly.The affected aortas are invariably sclerosed, the degree of sclerosis being dependent on the degree of infestation; and the aortic nodules containing worms and microfilariae are seen on both sides but those on the outer wall mostly undergo degeneration and subsequent calcification while the nodules on the inner aspect permit the passage of microfilariae into the circulation.
Paramphistomum phillerouxi sp. nov. (Trematoda: Paramphistomatidae) and its Development in Bulinus forskalii
Authors: Dinnik J. A. 
Published: June 2009

(1)Paramphistomum phillerouxi sp.nov. from rumina of cattle in Northern Rhodesia is described and its morphology compared with that of Paramphistomum microbothrium Fischoeder from Egypt, Kenya, Northern Rhodesia, and South Africa.(2)Bulinus forskalii (Ehrenberg) is a natural intermediate host of P. phillerouxi in Northern Rhodesia and Tanganyika. Of other snails, Bulinus senegalensis (Muller) from Gambia was successfully infected experimentally, and Bulinus cernicus (Morelet) in Mauritius was found naturally infected with P. phillerouxi.(3) The development of P. phillerouxi in Bitlinus forskalii is described. The sporocyst gives birth to 18 to 28 rediae. These firstgeneration rediae are able to produce daughter rediae as well as cercariae. It seemed that not all of the first-generation rediae started to produce daughter rediae first. Some of the rediae began by producing cercariae and produced a few daughter rediae later alongside numerous cercariae. There is some evidence that the subsequent generations of rediae are also capable of developing daughter rediae and cercariae simultaneously.(4) The first young cercariae to leave the parent rediae were observed 21 days after exposure of the snails to a single miracidium each, and the first shedding of mature cercariae was noted 42 days after the exposure, the snails being kept at 20°C.
Transmission electron microscopical studies of the site of attachment ofAncylostoma ceylanicumTo the small bowel mucosa of the dog
Authors: Carroll S. M. , Robertson T. A. , Papadimitriou J. M. , Grove D. I. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe host-parasite interaction at the site of attachment of the adult hookworm,Ancylostoma ceylanicum, to the small bowel mucosa of the dog has been examined by transmission electron microscopy. The lamina propria around the heads of the worms showed intense infiltration with neutrophilic and cosinophilic leucocytes, and plasma cells were also prominent. Erythrocytcs were cxtravasatcd within the lamina propria while the portions of mucosa engulfed into the buccal cavities of the worms were nccrotic and included aggregates of collagen fibres. Within the lumina of the worms were erythrocytcs in varying stages of lysis together with other nccrotic debris.The mucous membrane adjacent to the heads of the worms was ulcerated while more distant cntcrocytcs were small, distorted and displayed various degrees of microvillar loss. Many mucosal blood vessels had platelet aggregates within their iumina but no fibrin deposition was observed. Vessels were often seen in the bases of the ulcers and were prone to rupture. Erythrocytcs and leucocytes were seen in the dog intestinal lumen in close proximity to the bodies of the worms.
Acuariid, capillariid and hymenolepidid parasites of the dasyurid marsupial Antechinus stuartii Macleay, 1841, from southeastern Australia
Authors: Beveridge Ian , Barker Ian K. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTStammerinema suffodiax sp. n. is described from the dasyurid marsupial Antechinus stuartii. It differs from S. soricis, the only other member of the genus, in lacking lateral body spines, as vyell as in the spicules and characters of the anterior extremity. As well as red escribing Synfiimantus australiensis (Johnston and Mawson, 1952) now collected from the stomach of A. stuartii, a new capillariid, Capillaria rickardi from the stomach and two cestodes Hymenolepis aklei sp.n. and H. bradleyi sp.n. are described from the same host.
Aspiculuris tetraptera in wild Mus musculus. Age resistance and acquired immunity.
Authors: Jerzy M. Behnke 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWild house mice, naturally infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera were segregated according to their weight into six age groups. The prevalence of infection and the mean worm burden of these mice were studied in the different age groups. The overall prevalence of infection was high (57% or more) in all the groups except the youngest. Mice acquired larvae soon after weaning; the highest larval burdens were reached in juvenile mice and the highest mature worm burdens, a group later, in mature mice. Older mice had fewer larvae and fewer mature worms. The mature worm burdens decreased but relatively slower than the larval burdens. It is suggested that either innate or acquired resistance could account for these observations.
The site selected by the larvae of Heligmosomoides polygyrus
Authors: Sukhdeo M. V. K. , O'Grady R. T. , Hsu S. C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHistological examination of the small intestine of mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus indicates that the final site of the larvae is in the circular muscle layer of the muscularis externa of the anterior small intestine. The larvae become embedded in the muscle between the first and third days after infection and are subsequently sequestered by a localized leucocytic response. There is no evidence of a true cyst. Histological evidence suggests that the larvae actively feed on the tissues of the host during their development.