bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unilateral surgical approach for lumbar disc herniation with contralateral symptoms
Authors: Akdeniz Taşkan , Kaner Tuncay , Tutkan İbrahim , Ozer Ali Fahir 
Published: June 2012

Object
In most cases of lumbar disc herniation, the primary problem is usually limited to radicular pain due to nerve compression on the herniated side, which is generally limited to the side of operation. The aim of this study was to reevaluate the side of the surgical approach in a selected group of patients with leg pain and contralateral lumbar disc herniation.

Methods
Included in this study were a total of 5 patients with lumbar disc herniations who presented with contralateral symptoms and neurological signs. In all cases, patients underwent a microdiscectomy from the side ipsilateral to the herniated lumbar disc, the side contralateral to the motor deficits and leg pain.

Results
The symptoms and signs, to some extent, resolved during the immediate postoperative period. There were no postoperative complications.

Conclusions
The findings confirm that performing a laminotomy via the side of the herniation is sufficient for this group of patients.
« Scalam ad coelos ». Poésie liturgique et image programmatique. Lire une miniature du livre du chapitre de l'abbaye de Zwiefalten
Authors: Heinzer Félix 
Published: June 2012

La présente étude est consacrée à une miniature du livre du chapitre de l'abbaye bénédictine de Zwiefalten datant de 1162 environ. Il s'agit d'une représentation de saint Benoît placée au début du texte de la règle. Si la présence d'une image d'auteur dans un livre du chapitre constitue déjà un cas assez exceptionnel, la miniature elle-même est d'un intérêt majeur de par son programme iconographique : Benoît représenté en tant que scribe est encadré de deux volets latéraux constitués par l'échelle de Jacob et l'échelle des vierges combinée avec le motif du Léviathan capturé par le Christ.
L'analyse détaillée de cette composition complexe et apparemment singulière mène à la découverte d'une pièce de poésie liturgique faisant fonction de clef programmatique : la séquence Scalam ad coelos erectam de Notker de Saint-Gall. Ce cas remarquable d'un texte liturgique « traduit » en image — en dehors de son livre liturgique approprié ! — est étudié dans le contexte spirituel de la réforme monastique du XIIe s., notamment du courant de Hirsau auquel Zwiefalten était rattaché depuis ses origines en 1089.
Paix éternelle et paix temporelle. Tradition de la paix et de la trêve de Dieu dans les compilations du droit coutumier territorial
Authors: Gergen Thomas 
Published: June 2012

Die Kanones der Gottes- und Landfrieden sind von mehreren territorialen Gewohnheitsrechten rezipiert worden. Am Beispiel des Gewohnheitsrechts (Usatges) von Barcelona und des Sachsenspiegels zeigen wir die Einflußbreite der Friedensbewegung auf, welche sich mit den Friedenskonzilien seit dem Ende des 10. Jahrhunderts in Mitteleuropa ausbreiten und so in die Familien des romanischen und des germanischen Rechtskreises gelangen
konnte.
Zudem stellt sich heraus, daß das kanonische Recht die Rolle des Bindegliedes zwischen der Friedensnormierung und den Gewohnheitsrechtskompilationen gespielt hat.
Le charme de la nouveauté ou le Jeu de la Feuillée d'Adam de la Halle
Authors: B. Darmstätter Anne 
Published: June 2012

Das Jeu de la Feuillée erweckt im Rezipienten in der Regel verwirrende Gefühle. Weder ein unmittelbarer intellektueller Enthusiasmus noch ein begeisterndes asthetisches Vergnügen woilen sich vorerst bei ihm einstellen. Man fragt sich bange, was einen bis anhin äuBerst erfolgreichen Dichter der höfischen Liebe wie Adam de la Halle dazu bewegen konnte, sich einer derart befremdenden Art des profanen Theaters zuzuwenden.
Neue, sich vor allem auf die Begriffe « Frau », « Mann » und « Heirat » konzentrierende, und mit der literarischen Produktion zusammenhängende Sinngebungen sollen diesbezüglich nun zu einer möglichen Antwort führen. Es zeigt sich, dass dieses erste Stück des rein profanen Theaters nicht nur als eine persönliche Literaturgeschichte des Autors betrachtet werden kann, sondern auch als eine Darstellung eines denkbaren Weges zu einer kulturellen Utopie, zu einem exemplarischen Modell intellektueller Toleranz.
La dialectique de la variance. Nouvelle philologie et stratégies interprétatives du texte médiéval
Authors: Ramlev Frandsen Stig 
Published: June 2012

A history of recent medievalism with no mention of The New Philology would hardly be conceivable. A scandal to some, a promise to others, the challenge to traditional philology posed by Stephen Nichols in the early 1990s — and the harsh controversies that followed — had such an impact that, even when peace and quiet gradually returned, the philological landscape did not seem quite the same. Evidence of this lasting importance of revisionism can be found in the article « Why Material Philology ? » published by Nichols in 1997. Renewal of the critique of an outdated discipline, but at the same time a subtle demonstration of a non-stagnant revisionism, the article is itself a challenge to the reader who wants to assess the main ideas of the material approach, its implications as well as its unforeseen complications.
Suggesting the concept of variance as a key to the understanding of this difficult, perhaps even contradictory renewal, the following pages try to discern the consequences of a philology that claims the priority of the context — the physical mansucript, the reception, and the surrounding culture — over the traditional linguistic and literary support. It is not, however, as one might expect, the interpretation of the text that falls victim to this strategy, but, much more likely, the hermeneutics of the interpreted text : A loss that, in order to be countered, makes it necessary to consider the possibility of basing a modified approach to the diachrony of the medieval text on the carefully reconstructed concepts of finality and authority. If, in the first place, the article intended to question the hidden dialectics of radical revisionism, it gradually seems to point to this deeper concern, namely the assumption that the complications of revisionist theory might very well be at the heart of our present-day philology.
Les résidences des élites et les fortifications du haut Moyen Âge en France et en Belgique dans leur cadre européen : aperçu historiographique (1955-2005)
Authors: Bourgeois Luc 
Published: June 2012

For some decades, excavations on elitarian residences and fortifications from the early Middle Ages have multiplied in France as well as in Belgium. They highlighted a great typological variety, simple but often effective architectural choices, and various influences. Despite this step forward, there still exists a very negative vision of early Middle Age defence works, and the data collected on early aristocratic dwellings has seldom been used to assess the genesis of the castle in the l0th and 11th centuries.
This bibliographical assessment limited to the previous fifty years successively tackles the evolution of the methodological approaches, the defense of chief towns and castra, the art of siege, some major types of elitarian residences, and the need for a study of material culture in order to better comprehend the functions and hierarchy of these sites.
L'histoire des croisades et des pèlerinages au XXe siècle
Authors: Cardini Franco 
Published: June 2012

II est difficile de parler conjointement des pèlerinages et des croisades, car sous de nombreux aspects — depuis les différentes sortes de sources jusqu'à leurs critiques et leur problématique respective inhérente à chacun de ces deux « domaines » historiques — ces deux sujets, bien que très proches, se sont séparés au sein de la recherche historique. Dans cet article de bibliographie critique, l'A. a décidé de ne prendre en considération, parmi les travaux généraux, que les plus significatifs. Il s'excuse donc auprès des collègues dont les publications n'ont pas été citées et auxquels il présente un exposé trop rapide, par manque de temps et d'espace.
Les recherches sur les pèlerinages, quoique fluctuantes, ont été surtout menées, au cours du XXe s., vers l'édition des récits de voyages, une attention particulière étant portée aux thèmes spécifiques de nature soit socio-économique (coût, moyens de transport, étapes et phases du voyage), soit religio-culturelle (signification mystique de Jérusalem, critique du pèlerinage, rapports avec les Orientaux).
Quant aux recherches sur les croisades, elles semblent suivre, durant le XXe s., la ligne déjà tracée par les grands travaux du XIXe et qui mène aux études générales désormais classiques de Grousset, Runciman et du standard work dirigé aux États-Unis par K.M. Setton. Mais, au milieu du XXe s., des chercheurs comme P. Alphandéry, C. Erdmann, A. Dupront, P. Rousset ont profondément modifié et amplifié l'horizon des études consacrées aux croisades, avec par ailleurs une contribution originale et bienvenue des historiens israéliens (J. Prawer, E. Ashtor, D. Jacoby, B.Z. Kedar et leur école). Cela a permis l'émergence d'une nouvelle phase dans la recherche avec les travaux de chercheurs comme J. Flori, M. Balard, J. Riley-Smith et C. Tyerman. Ces dernières années, même si les médiévistes ont pu échapper au climat engendré par les événements du Proche et du Moyen-Orient, ils n'ont pas pour autant renoncé à leur jugement d'hommes et de femmes de leur époque, tout en maintenant par rapport au temps présent la nécessaire et légitime distance critique.
Re-creare Troiam. Du poète roman au romancier français
Authors: Galderisi Claudio 
Published: June 2012

The question surrounding the differences between poetry and narrative is largely that of verse and prose, the song and the tale, which, according to an inversion which constitutes one of the two specificities of French studies on the invention of romance, becomes that of the shift of the narrative towards the individual reading, and the song towards the dit, as the divorce between poetry and music manifests itself in literary productions.
In trying to recreate Troiam in Broceliande, the Romanic poet metamorphosed himself into a French writer of romance ; the aesthetics of that which is explicit, specifie in French medieval prose, abolished the time of the mystery and saturated the necessary interstices in poetics. Scholars have often insisted on the process of second structuralization of the romance. But from a strictly poetic point of view, the romance appears as both the sign and the vehicle of the first real discontinuity between "Belles Lettres" and "Gothic letters". It is from this break that a redefining of the French literary panorama ensues, and, in the end, of the aesthetic specialization of prose and verse : the formal divorce between narrative and poetry within the aesthetic space of the romance, and their indissolubility in that of poetry.
Community adherence support improves programme retention in children on antiretroviral treatment: a multicentre cohort study in South Africa
Authors: Grimwood Ashraf , Fatti Geoffrey , Mothibi Eula , Malahlela Mokgadi , Shea Jawaya , Eley Brian 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundHIV‐positive children in low‐income settings face many challenges to adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) and have increased mortality on treatment compared to children in developed countries. Adult ART programmes have demonstrated benefit from community support to improve treatment outcomes; however, there are no empirical data on the effectiveness of this intervention in children. This study compared clinical, virological and immunological outcomes between children who received and who did not receive community‐based adherence support from patient advocates (PAs) in four South African provinces.MethodsA multicentre cohort study of ART‐naïve children was conducted at 47 public ART facilities. Outcome measures were mortality, patient retention, virological suppression and CD4 percentage changes on ART. PAs are lay community health workers who provide adherence and psychosocial support for children's caregivers, and they undertake home visits to ascertain household challenges potentially impacting on adherence in the child. Corrected mortality estimates were calculated, correcting for deaths amongst those lost to follow‐up (LTFU) using probability‐weighted Kaplan‐Meier and Cox functions.ResultsThree thousand five hundred and sixty three children were included with a median baseline age of 6.3 years and a median baseline CD4 cell percentage of 12.0%. PA‐supported children numbered 323 (9.1%). Baseline clinical status variables were equivalent between the two groups. Amongst children LTFU, 38.7% were known to have died. Patient retention after 3 years of ART was 91.5% (95% CI: 86.8% to 94.7%) vs. 85.6% (95% CI: 83.3% to 87.6%) amongst children with and without PAs, respectively (p =0.027). Amongst children aged below 2 years at baseline, retention after 3 years was 92.2% (95% CI: 76.7% to 97.6%) vs. 74.2% (95% CI: 65.4% to 81.0%) in children with and without PAs, respectively (p=0.053). Corrected mortality after 3 years of ART was 3.7% (95% CI: 1.9% to 7.4%) vs. 8.0% (95% CI: 6.5% to 9.8%) amongst children with and without PAs, respectively (p=0.060). In multivariable analyses, children with PAs had reduced probabilities of both attrition and mortality, adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 0.57 (95% CI: 0.35 to 0.94) and 0.39 (95% CI: 0.15 to 1.04), respectively.ConclusionCommunity‐based adherence support is an effective way to improve patient retention amongst children on ART. Expanded implementation of this intervention should be considered in order to reach ART programmatic goals in low‐income settings as more children access treatment.
Synergistic Improvement of Actuation Properties with Compatibilized High Permittivity Filler
Authors: Risse Sebastian , Kussmaul Björn , Krüger Hartmut , Kofod Guggi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractElectroactive polymers can be used for actuators with many desirable features, including high electromechanical energy density, low weight, compactness, direct voltage control, and complete silence during actuation. These features may enable personalized robotics with much higher ability to delicately manipulate their surroundings than can be achieved with currently available actuators; however, much work is still necessary to enhance the electroactive materials. Electric field‐driven actuator materials are improved by an increase in permittivity and by a reduction in stiffness. Here, a synergistic enhancement method based on a macromolecular plasticizing filler molecule with a combination of both high dipole moment and compatibilizer moieties, synthesized to simultaneously ensure improvement of electromechanical properties and compatibility with the host matrix is presented. Measurements show an 85% increase in permittivity combined with 290% reduction in mechanical stiffness. NMR measurements confirm the structure of the filler while DSC measurements confirm that it is compatible with the host matrix at all the mixture ratios investigated. Actuation strain measurements in the pure shear configuration display an increase in sensitivity to the electrical field of more than 450%, confirming that the filler molecule does not only improve dielectric and mechanical properties, it also leads to a synergistic enhancement of actuation properties by simple means.
Absolute lymphocyte count at day 28 independently predicts event‐free and overall survival in adults with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sun Di , Elson Paul , Liedtke Michaela , Medeiros Bruno C. , Earl Marc , Alizadeh Ash , Bates Jennifer , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Coutre Steven , Kalaycio Matt , Sobecks Ronald , Copelan Edward , Advani Anjali S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe investigated the prognostic impact of absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) following induction chemotherapy in newly diagnosed adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Patients with ALC ≥350 cells/μL at day 28 had a median overall survival (OS) of 47.4 months when compared with 17.6 months for those with an ALC <350 cells/μL (HR = 1.98, P = 0.007). Among patients who achieved a complete remission, median event‐free survival (EFS) for those with ALC ≥350 cells/μL on day 28 was 42.1 months when compared with 13.9 months in those with ALC <350 cells/μL (HR = 2.08, P = 0.006). In multivariable analysis, the ALC on day 28 (<350 cells/μL vs. ≥350 cells/μL, P ≤ .0004 for OS and EFS) along with WBC at diagnosis (≤6.0 or >30.0 K/μL vs. >6.0–30.0 K/μL, P ≤ 0.002 for OS and EFS) and cytogenetics (abnormal vs. normal, P = 0.002 for OS and P = 0.02 for EFS) were independent prognostic factors of both OS and EFS. Combining these three factors segregates patients in three well‐defined risk groups. These data suggest that ALC can be used in combination with other prognostic features to better predict outcome and that targeting the immune system to improve ALC may be a worthwhile strategy in ALL. Am. J.Hematol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prolonged subcutaneous administration of 852A, a novel systemic toll‐like receptor 7 agonist, to activate innate immune responses in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies
Authors: Weigel Brenda J. , Cooley Sarah , DeFor Todd , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Panoskaltsis‐Mortari Angela , Chen Wei , Blazar Bruce R. , Miller Jeffrey S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe toll‐like receptor (TLR) 7 agonist 852A, a small‐molecule imidazoquinoline, stimulates plasmacytoid dendritic cells to produce multiple cytokines. We conducted a Phase II study of 852A in patients with recurrent hematologic malignancies. The primary objective was assessing the activity of 852A administered subcutaneously twice weekly for 12 weeks. Secondary objectives were assessing the safety of 852A and its ability to activate the immune system with prolonged dosing. Patients with relapsed hematologic malignancies of any age with adequate organ function were eligible. Patients initiated dosing at 0.6 mg/m2 twice weekly and escalated by 0.2 mg/m2 after every two doses as tolerated to a target dose of 1.2 mg/m2. Patients with responses or stable disease were eligible for additional cycles. Seventeen patients (15 males) entered the study: 6 with AML, 5 ALL, 4 NHL, 1 Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 1 multiple myeloma. The mean age was 41 years (12–71 years). The median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was 5 (range = 1–14). Thirteen patients completed all 24 injections. Grade 3‐4 toxicities included nausea, dyspnea, fever, myalgia, malaise, and cough. Responses included one complete response (ALL), one partial response (AML), two stable disease (AML and NHL), and 9 progressive disease. This is the first in‐human hematologic malignancy trial of a subcutaneously (SC) delivered TLR7 agonist using a prolonged dosing schedule. 852A was safely administered up to 1.2 mg/m2 twice weekly with evidence of sustained tolerability and clinical activity in hematologic malignancies. Systemic TLR agonists for the treatment of hematologic malignancies warrant further study. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chronic myeloid leukemia: 2012 update on diagnosis, monitoring, and management
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDisease overview:Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm with an incidence of one–two cases per 100,000 adults and accounts for ∼15% of newly diagnosed cases of leukemia in adults.Diagnosis:CML is characterized by a balanced genetic translocation, t(9;22)(q34;q11.2), involving a fusion of the Abelson oncogene (ABL) from chromosome 9q34 with the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene on chromosome 22q11.2. This rearrangement is known as the Philadelphia chromosome. The molecular consequence of this translocation is the generation of a BCR‐ABL fusion oncogene, which in turn translates into a Bcr‐Abl oncoprotein.Frontline therapy:Three tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib, have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the first‐line treatment of patients with newly diagnosed CML in chronic phase (CML‐CP). Clinical trials with 2nd generation TKIs reported significantly deeper and faster responses; their impact on long‐term survival remains to be determined.Salvage therapy:For patients who fail standard‐dose imatinib therapy, imatinib dose escalation is a second‐line option. Alternative second‐line options include 2nd generation TKIs. Although both are potent and specific BCR‐ABL TKIs, dasatinib and nilotinib exhibit unique pharmacological profiles and response patterns relative to different patient characteristics, such as disease stage and BCR‐ABL mutational status. Patients who develop the T315I “gatekeeper” mutation display resistance to all currently available TKIs and are candidate for clinical trials. Allogeneic transplantation remains an important therapeutic option for CML‐CP harboring the T315I mutation, patients who fail 2nd generation TKIs, and for all patients in advanced phase disease. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and cadmium sulfide nanoparticle mixed matrix membranes for gas separation
Authors: Moghadassi A. R. , Filsoof A. H. , Hosseini S. M. , Ghanbari D. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTIn order to improve permeability and selectivity of membranes, especially for gas separation applications, a mixed matrix membrane was prepared from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles with 1, 1.5, 2.5 %wt. Gas permeation and separation characteristics of the membranes for nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide and helium have been studied. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis were also utilized in nanoparticles and membranes characterizations. The results showed an increase in permeability for mixed matrix membranes in comparison with neat ABS membrane. Furthermore, as the nanoparticle content increased, membrane gas permeability was enhanced. The selectivity for (CO2/CH4), (CO2/N2) and (He/CH4) initially were increased by increasing CdS nanoparticle concentration up to 1 %wt in the prepared membrane and then began to decrease with more additives loading. The membrane with 2.5 %wt CdS nanoparticle content showed the highest permeability compared with others. Also, the membrane with 2.5 %wt CdS nanoparticles showed appropriate selectivity compared with the neat ABS membranes. Obtained results revealed that membranes with 1 %wt CdS nanoparticle content had the best selectivity for (CO2/CH4), (CO2/N2) and (He/CH4). Moreover, membrane thermal stability was improved in the presence of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity and Deactivation Mechanism of Ag3PO4 Spherical Particles
Authors: Wang Wenguang , Cheng Bei , Yu Jiaguo , Liu Gang , Fan Wenhong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAg3PO4 spherical particles were synthesized by a facile precipitation method using silver nitrate and Na2HPO4 as precursors. The as‐prepared samples had a high photocatalytic activity toward Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under visible‐light illumination. With increasing recycling times the photocatalytic activity first increased and then decreased. Based on systematic characterization of particles by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a possible mechanism responsible for the improvement and subsequent decline of the photocatalytic performance of Ag3PO4 is proposed. Ag3PO4 spherical particles recycled for four times showed the highest photocatalytic activity because, according to our mechanism, Ag nanoparticles deposited on Ag3PO4 acted as electron trapping centers to prevent photogenerated electron‐hole pairs from recombination. A further increase in the recycle times decreases the photocatalytic activity owing to the shielding effect by Ag layers on the surface of Ag3PO4. The results presented herein shed new light on the photostability of Ag3PO4 spherical particles and are potentially applicable to other photocatalytically active composites.