bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compatibility of Rhizobium japonicum and Sodium Molybdate when Combined in a Peat Carrier Medium1
Authors: Burton J. C. , Curley R. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractExperiments were conducted to study the effect of sodium molybdate on soybean rhizobia when combined in a peat carrier medium in proportions which would ordinarily be used on soybean seeds. Laboratory tests showed a 99% kill of rhizobia within 4 days and no subsequent recovery. Survival of soybean rhizobia was not improved by incorporating the molybdenum into peat or charcoal premixes before blending with the rhizobia‐containing inoculant.Field tests with ‘Chippewa’ soybeans planted in a soil virgin to soybeans confirmed that the inoculant‐molybdenum combinations contained too few rhizobia to bring about effective nodulation even when used as early as 3 weeks following preparation. Poor nodulation was reflected in low yields. When sodium molybdate was mixed with the inoculant immediately before application to the seed at planting time, excellent nodulation and increased yields were obtained.
Interactions of Soil Moisture, Nitrogen, and Clipping Frequency on Yield and Nitrogen Content of Coastal Bermudagrass1
Authors: Doss B. D. , Ashley D. A. , Bennett O. L. , Patterson R. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStudies were conducted at Thorsby, Alabama, during 1961 and 1962 to determine the interactions of soil moisture regime, rate of N, and clipping frequency on yield and N content of Coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.).The major and most consistent interaction on yield was between moisture regime and N rate. Yield response to irrigation was obtained when N rates were 400 pounds or higher. The largest yield response to N rates was from the first increment at the higher levels of moisture. The interactions of N and irrigation on yield were restricted mainly to the rates of 200 and 400 pounds N per acre. Yield differences because of clipping frequency were greater at the higher soil moisture regimes and higher N rates. Average yields ranged from 1.19 tons per acre of oven‐dry forage with no N at the high moisture regime clipped at 21‐day intervals to 9.88 tons at the 1200‐pound N rate at the high moisture regime clipped at 32‐day intervals.Nitrogen content of the above‐ground portion of the plants increased with clipping frequency and rate of N, but was not affected by soil moisture regime. From 20 to 89% of the applied N could be accounted for in the above‐ground portion of the plants.
Physical Soil Amendments, Soil Compaction, Irrigation, and Wetting Agents in Turfgrass Management I. Effects on Compactability, Water Infiltration Rates, Evapotranspiration, and Number of Irrigations1
Authors: Morgan W. C. , Letey J. , Richards S. J. , Valoras N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUnamended soil and soil amended with peat, lignified redwood, and calcined clay were used to grow common bermudagrass in a greenhouse experiment. Two compaction treatments, 2 wetting agent treatments, and 2 irrigation programs were superimposed on each of the soil materials for a total of 32 treatments. Water infiltration rates were in the general order of unamended soil < peat < lignified redwood = calcined clay amended soil. Compaction decreased the infiltration rate of unamended and peat amended soil, but had no effect on the other two soil mixes. Wetting agent increased the infiltration rate into unamended soil. Soil compactability was in the order unamended soil > peat > lignified redwood > calcined clay amended soils. Soil compactability was greater under set schedule irrigation as compared to tensiometer guided irrigation. Wetting agent reduced the compactability of peat. Evaportranspiration and number of irrigations were greater under set irrigation as compared to tensiometer guided irrigation. Other results of this experiment will be presented in subsequent papers.
Sprouting of Coastal Bermudagrass Stolons1
Authors: Beaty E. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSprouting of ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass sprigs harvested at monthly intervals between October 1, 1953, and February 1, 1954, averaged 94.5%. Sprigs planted the day harvested on the average sprouted 96.0% and sprigs stored for 20 days averaged 94.75%. Sprigs stored in moist sawdust at 70F initiated shoot and root development during storage. These shoots were extremely succulent and would be subject to sprig damage at planting. Sprigs stored at 40F had no shoot development, but sprouting was slightly reduced. A commercial preparation of 3‐indole acetic acid did not increase sprouting or root development.
Soil Water and Nitrogen Influence on Growth and Fruiting of a Cytoplasmic Male‐Sterile Corn Hybrid and Its Fertile Counterpart1
Authors: Bruce R. R. , Sanford J. O. , Myhre D. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe grain yield and several yield components of a cytoplasmic, male‐sterile, single cross, corn hybrid and its fertile counterpart were measured in relation to imposed soil water tension regimes and applied nitrogen levels. The male‐sterile strain consistently yielded more grain than its fertile counterpart, primarily because of the greater number of second ears produced. A maximum soil water tension of nearly 6 bars, imposed during the fruiting period, significantly accentuated the observed difference in ear production. At the 6‐bar maximum soil water tension imposed during fruiting, the ear length and diameter of male‐sterile corn were significantly greater than those of the male‐fertile; however, at the 0.3 bar maximum soil water tension imposed during fruiting, ear dimensions of the two strains were similar. Although the sterile strain consistently produced a greater number of ears under all conditions of these experiments, reduced levels of nitrogen and soil water more seriously affected ear diameter and length of the fertile strain.
Effect of Seeding, Rate, Fall Disking, and Nitrogen Level on Stand Establishment of Crimson Clover in a Grass Sod1
Authors: Knight W. E. 
Published: July 2010

abstractFive rates of unhulled crimson clover seed were overseeded in a 'Coastal' bermudagrass sod in June to simulate natural reseeding. Satisfactory volunteer stands and yields of crimson clover were produced for 3 years in a Coastal bermudagrass sod when the quantity of seed shattered in the spring was 40 pounds or more per acre. As the clover seeding rate increased from 5 to 80 pounds per acre, the yield of clover increased as well as the yield of grass following the clover. Annually fall‐seeded clover at the rate of 30 pounds per acre was equivalent to the 80 pound simulated reseeding rate.Under the conditions of this test, fall disking caused highly significant reductions in clover yield with a greater reduction on a percentage basis at the lower seeding rates. The average reduction in clover yield from disking was 760 pounds of dry matter per acre over the 3‐year period. The average effect of fall disking on grass yields was negative but not significant.Nitrogen reduced both stands and subsequent yields of the clover component; however, the average nitrogen effect was not significant. Highest total yield was produced by the 80‐pound simulated reseeding rate of clover with grass fertilized with 200 pounds of N per acre without fall disking. Crimson clover increased total forage production by 27% when 200 pounds of N was applied to the grass and by 63% when no nitrogen was applied. The clover extended the grazing season 6 to 8 weeks and the additional forage was produced with minimum competitive effect between the grass and the clover.
Effect of Decortication and Fungicide on Performance of Table Beet Seed1
Authors: Peck N. H. , Clark B. E. , Natti J. J. 
Published: July 2010

abstractDecortication of table beet seedballs had no adverse effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and performance of Arasan and Dexon seed treatments. Under dry soil conditions Arasan and Dexon delayed seedling emergence. Dexon also reduced stands. Under moist soil conditions, Arasan and Dexon produced significantly more seedlings than did untreated seedballs. Most of the interactions between degree of decortication, seedball size, and fungicide treatment were not statistically significant. However, variable soil moisture conditions contributed to significant interactions between planting dates and fungicide or seedball size in field tests. Seedling emergence in growth chamber tests in pasteurized sand gave the most accurate prediction of seedling emergence under field conditions.
Coated Urea, Thiourea, Urea‐Formaldehyde, Hexamine, Oxamide, Glycoluril, and Oxidized Nitrogen‐Enriched Coal as Slowly Available Sources of Nitrogen for Orchardgrass1
Authors: Beaton J. D. , Hubbard W. A. , Speer R. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractYields, N uptake, and apparent recovery of applied N were determined for seven harvests of orchardgrass in the growth chamber following one surface application of several sources of N applied at rates of 56, 112, 225, and 450 mg of N per pot. Apparent recovery of N from the various sources decreased in the following order: coated (dicyclopentadiene copolymer) urea (75%) = ammonium nitrate (74%) > thiourea (690/0) > oxamide‐fine (65%) = oxamide −8 +14 (65%) > urea plus thiourea (63%) > hexamine (59%) > glycoluril (49%) > urea formaldehyde (41%) > ammonium salt of oxidized nitrogenenriched coal (39%).Yield and N uptake in the first harvest were greatest with ammoniumn itrate, urea, urea plus thiourea, and finely divided oxamide. Glycoluril and coated urea produced the highest yields and N uptake in the second and third harvests. In the later stages of cropping, yields and N uptake from the urea‐formaldehyde and thiourea treatments increased and, in the final four harvests, the results obtained with these two sources were among the highest.Thiourea depressed yield of orchardgrass when applied at the 450 mg of N rate. However, the yield of this treatment was still much greater than that of the control.
Growth and Phosphorus Uptake by Corn as Influenced by Phosphorus Placement1
Authors: Garg K. P. , Welch L. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMixed, banded, and with‐seed placements of P were investigated during early growth stages of greenhouse corn. Forage yield, percent P, and yield of P were used to evaluate the three placement methods at 14, 21, and 28 days from planting.Percent seed emergence did not differ among the placement methods. Yield of forage, percent P, and yield of P were greater when P was placed in contact with the seed than when it was either mixed or banded. Mixed and banded placement gave the same forage yield. Percent P was greater with mixed than with banded placement for the 14‐ and 21‐day harvests, but this situation was reversed at the 28‐day harvest. Yield of P was affected in the same manner as percent P with respect to mixed and banded placement.P rates, P placement, and climatic factors that may differ between this greenhouse study and field trials, and their possible effects on the results obtained are discussed.
Effects of Canopy Arrangements on Light Interception and Yield of Soybeans1
Authors: Shaw R. H. , Weber C. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLeaf and branch arrangement simulating various degrees of lodging produced significant changes in light interception and yield of soybeans. For the 3 years of the experiment, maximum light penetration occurred with a moderate amount of plant spread simulating a small but definite amount of lodging. Generally, the largest part of the light interception occurred in the outer 15 to 30 cm of the plant canopy. Greater light penetration, resulting in a greater amount of the plant canopy having light intensity above 150 ft‐c, generally resulted in greater yields. A photographic technique involving the evaluation of leaf area in the sun was closely related to yield but found to be too time consuming for practical use. Greater oil content was generally associated with greater light penetration. The effect of shading of adjacent rows was greater in 1‐m row spacing than on 1.5‐m row spacing.
Presence and Persistence of Phytotoxic Substances in Wheat, Oat, Corn, and Sorghum Residues1
Authors: Guenzi W. D. , McCalla T. M. , Norstadt Fred A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWheat, oat, corn, and sorghum residues, collected at time of harvest for each crop, contained water‐soluble materials that were toxic to growth of wheat seedlings. The order of increasing toxicity was wheat, oat, corn, and sorghum residues. To evaluate the potential toxicity of a residue, the state of decomposition must be considered. Wheat and oat residues essentially contained no water‐soluble toxic components after 8 weeks of exposure to field environmental conditions. Corn and sorghum residues had considerably more toxic materials at harvest and required about 22 to 28 weeks of decomposition before the water‐soluble portion of the residues was relatively nontoxic. Tests of nine wheat varieties showed that the toxicity of wheat straw water extracts to germination and growth of wheat seedlings differed among varieties.
Relative Efficiency of Several Zinc Sources for Corn (Zea mays L.)1
Authors: Shukla U. C. , Morris H. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCorn was grown on two soils in greenhouse experiments to determine the relative efficiency of various Zn sources at different levels of lime and P applications. Plant deficiency symptoms, growth, (oven‐dry weight of corn tops), height, Zn content, and Zn uptake were evaluated.Corn growth was increased by Zn fertilization on both soils. No differences were found among the Zn sources on the Red Bay soil where only a slight response to Zn was obtained. Increases in growth up to 154% were obtained from Zn fertilization on the Norfolk soil. ZnSO4 was slightly more effective than ZnO or Zn chelate and organic (polyflavonoid) Zn was the least effective source. ZnSO4 and ZnO were equally efficient or superior to chelate and organic Zn in increasing the Zn content and uptake of corn on the basis of amounts used.Liming resulted in decreased corn growth, plant Zn content, and Zn uptake, especially when no Zn was applied. High P fertilization decreased the Zn content of corn but tended to increase growth when applied with Zn.
Coastal Bermudagrass Forage Production and Chemical Composition as Influenced by Potassium Source, Rate, and Frequency of Application1
Authors: Adams William E. , White A. W. , McCreery R. A. , Dawson R. N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe influence of K source, rate, and frequency of application was studied on intensively managed ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass grown on Cecil sandy loam soil.The N, P, and K contents of the forage and the forage production were not influenced by the chloride or sulfate source of K. The 185 kg/ha K rate applied as KCl in 4 equal splits—at the initiation of spring growth and after each of the first 3 harvests—produced about 15,700 kg/ha of forage and the most efficient K utilization. Efficiency was reflected by (i) more uniform seasonal forage distribution and (ii) a more uniform K content (average 1.5%) throughout the growing season as contrasted with applying all the K in the spring. This management practice of splitting the K application increased the kilograms of forage produced per centimeter of rainfall by 14% and the efficiency of applied K by 14%.The K‐Ca‐pyrophosphate source produced significantly more forage with a significantly lower K content than either the sulfate or chloride sources of K.One hundred eighty‐five kg/ha of K applied in four equal splits, rather than at one time, doubled the exchangeable K in the surface 15 cm of soil, produced earlier spring growth of the Coastal bermudagrass, and a higher forage yield in the first harvest.
Evaluation of Tall Fescue Pasture under Different Fertilization Treatments1
Authors: Reid R. L. , Odhuba E. K. , Jung G. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe influence of fertilizer treatment and growth stage on the composition and nutritive value of tall fescue grazed or fed as cut herbage to sheep was examined in first growth and regrowth pasture. Analysis of clipped herbage showed effects of growth stage and fertilizer treatment on plant content of protein, fiber fractions, soluble carbohydrate and certain macro elements, but little consistent effect on trace minerals. With clipped herbage, fertilizer and growth stage altered dry matter and protein digestibility. Fertilizer had little effect on ad lib. intake; intake declined with advancing maturity in the first growth herbage, but there was no effect of date of cutting on intake in the regrowth trials. The dry matter digestibility of grazed herbage was calculated by use of fecal N as an indicator in “local” regressions. The relationship between digestibility and fecal N was found to be affected by growth phase (first cuttings vs regrowth), but not by fertilizer treatment. Calculated dry matter digestibility coefficients averaged 2% higher for grazed than for clipped herbage. Estimated intake values for grazing sheep indicated that cutting date had no effect on intake within first growth or regrowth trials, but that herbage fertilized with higher levels of nitrogen, or nitrogen plus phosphorus, was consumed in greater amount than nonfertilized grass, or grass treated with phosphorus or potassium alone. Grazing sheep in palatability trials showed a marked preference for fescue fertilized with nitrogen, or nitrogen plus phosphorus. Correlation analyses of nutritive criteria with plant composition showed significant relationships between the dry matter digestibility of clipped or grazed herbage and the content of dry matter, crude protein or fiber fractions, but little apparent effect of most plant components on intake.
An Unusual Feeding Habit to Measure Differences in Damage to 81 Latin‐American Lines of Corn by the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)1
Authors: Wiseman B. R. , Wassom C. E. , Painter Reginald H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) deviated from its reported feeding habits at St. John, Kansas, in 1964. Damage to 81 Latin‐American lines of corn (Zea Mays L.) was evaluated on the basis of larval feeding in the area where the leaf‐sheath joins the node. Dislodged leaves sometimes resulted. This injury was used to detect differences in the response of the lines. ‘Cuba Honduras 46‐J’ and ‘Eto Amarillo’ were the least damaged of the 81 lines tested. The Antigua lines probably carry a higher degree of resistance based on their high ranking in this and other tests.
Influence of Primary and/or Adventitious Root Systems on Wheat Production and Nutrient Uptake1
Authors: Boatwright G. O. , Ferguson Hayden 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSpring wheat (Triticum aestivum “Thatcher”) was grown under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the importance of individual root systems under two levels of P and two soil water regimes in the fertilizer zone. A technique was developed whereby plants could be grown with complete root systems (primary plus adventitious), with only primary roots, or with only adventitious roots.Plants that developed only primary or only adventitious roots initiated late tillers just before reaching maturity. Since plants utilizing both root systems failed to initiate late tillers, it appears that late tillering is related to root development rather than to a soil water or P fertility factor. Early tillering under P fertilization was significantly greater when plants developed both root systems than when only primary or only adventitious roots were utilized. Phosphorus fertilization did not increase tiller formation unless both root systems were present.Grain yields were significantly greater when plants developed both root systems than when either individual root system was utilized. Plants with only adventitious roots yielded significantly more grain than those with primary roots only. This suggests that adventitious roots are more physiologically active than primary roots. Phosphorus fertilization significantly increased grain yields, irrespective of root development. The dry fertilizer zone resulted in decreased wheat yields when plants developed both root systems, but yields from plants with only primary roots were not affected by the dry fertilizer zone.Nitrogen and P translocation into the grain was significantly greater when plants developed both root systems than when plants were grown with incomplete root systems.
Changes in Organic Matter and Bulk Density with Depth Under Two Cropping Systems1
Authors: Davidson J. M. , Gray Fenton , Pinson D. I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMeasurements of soil organic matter and bulk density with depth after 24 years of continuous cotton and continuous lespedeza were significantly different. Continuous cotton resulted in a lower organic matter content in the surface soil than continuous lespedeza, while the soil bulk density under cotton was considerably higher than lespedeza at the 12.7 to 20.3‐cm depth.The maximum compaction that could be given the Norge loam, a Reddish Prairie soil, when subjected to a constant load, was directly related to the amount of organic matter present in the soil. Maximum compaction was extremely sensitive to small changes in organic matter caused by different cropping practices. Data also shows maximum compaction occurs on a Norge loam at a soilwater pressure of 1/3‐bar, or at what is frequently called “field capacity”.
Effect of Soil Moisture Regime on Nodulation of Inoculated Peanuts1
Authors: Shimshi D. , Schiffmann J. , Kost Y. , Bielorai H. , Alper Y. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA two‐year investigation on the effect of soil moisture regime (as conditioned by irrigation timing) and the depth of placement of inoculum on peanut inoculation was carried out in the northern Negev area of Israel. The inoculation was performed at planting time by introducing the bacterial suspension into the moist soil. The repeated drying‐out of the upper soil layers during irrigation cycles did not inhibit the process of nodulation. The placement of the inoculum at a depth of 12 cm resulted in poorer nodulation than at a depth of 3–4 cm, despite the higher soil moisture at the greater depth. Inoculation maintained a more favorable supply of nitrogen to the plants than did a 85 kg/1000 m2 application of ammonium sulfate and resulted in higher yields and better quality of peanuts.
One Hundred Forage Seeding Mixture1
Authors: Jackobs J. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractForage mixtures consisting of one to three legumes and of one to three grasses were established in four experiments at three locations in Illinois. The legumes were alfalfa, red clover, and Ladino clover. The grasses were timothy, smooth brome, and orchardgrass. In three trials the forage was harvested as hay and in the fourth trial it was grazed. Forage yields and botanical composition were studied.Alfalfa and orchardgrass had the greatest influence on the performance of the mixtures. When alfalfa was added to a mixture the total yield of forage was increased because the decrease in grass was not as great as the increase in the legume. When orchardgrass was added to a mixture the grass component was increased but there was a comparable decrease in the legume so the total yield remained about the same. The amount of alfalfa and orchardgrass seed in a mixture required to achieve most of the effects of these species was surprisingly low.