bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of Cellular Responses to Pyriplatin, a Monofunctional Cationic Antineoplastic Platinum(II) Compound, in Human Cancer Cells
Authors: Lovejoy Katherine S. , Serova Maria , Bieche Ivan , Emami Shahin , D'Incalci Maurizio , Broggini Massimo , Erba Eugenio , Gespach Christian , Cvitkovic Esteban , Faivre Sandrine , Raymond Eric , Lippard Stephen J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPyriplatin, cis-diammine(pyridine)chloroplatinum(II), a platinum-based antitumor drug candidate, is a cationic compound with anticancer properties in mice and is a substrate for organic cation transporters that facilitate oxaliplatin uptake. Unlike cisplatin and oxaliplatin, which form DNA cross-links, pyriplatin binds DNA in a monofunctional manner. The antiproliferative effects of pyriplatin, alone and in combination with known anticancer drugs (paclitaxel, gemcitabine, SN38, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil), were evaluated in a panel of epithelial cancer cell lines, with direct comparison to cisplatin and oxaliplatin. The effects of pyriplatin on gene expression and platinum–DNA adduct formation were also investigated. Pyriplatin exhibited cytotoxic effects against human cell lines after 24 hours (IC50 = 171–443 μmol/L), with maximum cytotoxicity in HOP-62 non–small cell lung cancer cells after 72 hours (IC50 = 24 μmol/L). Pyriplatin caused a G2-M cell cycle block similar to that induced by cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Induction of apoptotsis and DNA damage response was supported by Annexin-V analysis and detection of phosphorylated Chk2 and H2AX. Treatment with pyriplatin increased CDKN1/p21 and decreased ERCC1 mRNA expression. On a platinum-per-nucleotide basis, pyriplatin–DNA adducts are less cytotoxic than those of cisplatin and oxaliplatin. The mRNA levels of genes implicated in drug transport and DNA damage repair, including GSTP1 and MSH2, correlate with pyriplatin cellular activity in the panel of cell lines. Synergy occurred for combinations of pyriplatin with paclitaxel. Because its spectrum of activity differs significantly from those of cisplatin or oxaliplatin, pyriplatin is a lead compound for developing novel drug candidates with cytotoxicity profiles unlike those of drugs currently in use. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(9); 1709–19. ©2011 AACR.
Risk Stratification and Prognosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients With Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease Referred for Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Wever Pinzon Omar , Silva Enciso Jorge , Romero Jorge , Makani Harikrishna , Fefer Jose , Gandhi Vani , Bangalore Sripal , Chaudhry Farooq A. 
Published: July 2011

Background—
Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at increased risk of accelerated coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular events. Stress echocardiography (SE) is routinely used for risk stratification and prognosis of patients with known or suspected CAD. The prognostic value of SE in this high-risk group is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of SE in HIV-infected patients with known or suspected CAD.

Methods and Results—

We evaluated 311 patients (age, 52±9 years; 74% men; left ventricular ejection fraction, 54±12%) with history of HIV, undergoing SE (56% dobutamine). Left ventricular wall motion was evaluated on a 16-segment model, 5-point scale. An abnormal SE was defined by a fixed (infarction), biphasic, or new (ischemia) wall motion abnormality on stress. Follow-up for cardiac death and myocardial infarction was obtained. Seventy-nine (26%) patients had an abnormal SE. After 2.9±1.9 years, 17 confirmed myocardial infarction and 14 cardiac deaths occurred. SE risk-stratified patients into normal versus abnormal subgroups (event rate, 0.6% per year versus 11.8% per year;
P
<0.0001). Both abnormal SE (hazard ratio, 28.2; 95% confidence interval, 6.2 to 128.0;
P
<0.0001) and the presence of any ischemia on SE (hazard ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 8.6;
P
=0.009) were independent predictors of cardiac events. On a forward conditional Cox proportional hazards regression model, SE provided incremental prognostic value over clinical, stress ECG, and resting echocardiographic variables (global χ
2
increased from 17.8 to 24.5 to 65 to 109,
P
<0.05 across all groups).

Conclusions—
SE can effectively risk-stratify and prognosticate patients with HIV. The presence of ischemia and scar during SE provides independent and incremental prognostic value over traditional variables. A normal SE response portends a benign prognosis even in this high-risk subset.
Three-Apogee 16-h Highly Elliptical Orbit as Optimal Choice for Continuous Meteorological Imaging of Polar Regions
Authors: Trishchenko Alexander P. , Garand Louis , Trichtchenko Larisa D. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
A highly elliptical orbit (HEO) with a 16-h period is proposed for continuous meteorological imaging of polar regions from a two-satellite constellation. This orbit is characterized by three apogees (TAP) separated by 120°. The two satellites are 8 h apart, with repeatable ground track in the course of 2 days. Advantages are highlighted in comparison to the Molniya 12-h orbit described in detail in a previous study (Trishchenko and Garand). Orbital parameters (period, eccentricity, and inclination) are obtained as a result of an optimization process. The principles of orbit optimization are based on the following four key requirements: spatial resolution (apogee height), the altitude of crossing the trapped proton region at the equator (minimization of radiation doze caused by trapped protons), imaging time over the polar regions, and the stability of the orbit, which is mostly defined by the rotation of perigee. The interplay between these requirements points to a 16-h period with an eccentricity of 0.55 as the optimum solution. The practical range of orbit inclinations that could be maintained during the spacecraft lifetime can vary from a critical value of 63.435° to 70° (subject to the amount of propellant available for orbital maneuvers). In comparison to Molniya, this type of orbit reduces the radiation exposure to high-energy protons by factor of 103–104. On the other hand, the main advantage of 16 h versus longer orbital periods up to 24 h is better spatial resolution as a result of a lower apogee height. A two-satellite TAP constellation with an orbital inclination of 66° provides 100% temporal coverage above 60°N, &gt;95% above 55°N, &gt;85% above 50°N, and &gt;75% above 45°N.
Clinical and molecular features of an infant patient affected by Leigh Disease associated to m.14459G > A mitochondrial DNA mutation: a case report
Authors: Ronchi Dario , Cosi Alessandra , Tonduti Davide , Orcesi Simona , Bordoni Andreina , Fortunato Francesco , Rizzuti Mafalda , Sciacco Monica , Collotta Martina , Cagdas Sophie , Capovilla Giuseppe , Moggio Maurizio , Berardinelli Angela , Veggiotti Pierangelo , Comi Giacomo P 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Leigh Syndrome (LS) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bilateral symmetrical necrotic lesions in the basal ganglia and brainstem. Onset is in early infancy and prognosis is poor. Causative mutations have been disclosed in mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genes affecting respiratory chain subunits and assembly factors.

Case presentation
Here we report the clinical and molecular features of a 15-month-old female LS patient. Direct sequencing of her muscle-derived mtDNA revealed the presence of two apparently homoplasmic variants: the novel m.14792C > G and the already known m.14459G > A resulting in p.His16Asp change in cytochrome b (MT-CYB) and p.Ala72Val substitution in ND6 subunit, respectively. The m.14459G > A was heteroplasmic in the mother's blood-derived DNA.

Conclusions
The m.14459G > A might lead to LS, complicated LS or Leber Optic Hereditary Neuropathy. A comprehensive re-evaluation of previously described 14459G > A-mutated patients does not explain this large clinical heterogeneity.
Inhaled nitric oxide for the adjunctive therapy of severe malaria: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hawkes Michael , Opoka Robert O , Namasopo Sophie , Miller Christopher , Thorpe Kevin E , Lavery James V , Conroy Andrea L , Liles W Conrad , John Chandy C , Kain Kevin C 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Severe malaria remains a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. Despite the use of potent anti-parasitic agents, the mortality rate in severe malaria remains high. Adjunctive therapies that target the underlying pathophysiology of severe malaria may further reduce morbidity and mortality. Endothelial activation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of severe malaria, of which angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) has recently been shown to function as a key regulator. Nitric oxide (NO) is a major inhibitor of Ang-2 release from endothelium and has been shown to decrease endothelial inflammation and reduce the adhesion of parasitized erythrocytes. Low-flow inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) gas is a US FDA-approved treatment for hypoxic respiratory failure in neonates.

Methods/Design
This prospective, parallel arm, randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded clinical trial compares adjunctive continuous inhaled nitric oxide at 80 ppm to placebo (both arms receiving standard anti-malarial therapy), among Ugandan children aged 1-10 years of age with severe malaria. The primary endpoint is the longitudinal change in Ang-2, an objective and quantitative biomarker of malaria severity, which will be analysed using a mixed-effects linear model. Secondary endpoints include mortality, recovery time, parasite clearance and neurocognitive sequelae.

Discussion
Noteworthy aspects of this trial design include its efficient sample size supported by a computer simulation study to evaluate statistical power, meticulous attention to complex ethical issues in a cross-cultural setting, and innovative strategies for safety monitoring and blinding to treatment allocation in a resource-constrained setting in sub-Saharan Africa.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01255215
Co-hydrolysis of hydrothermal and dilute acid pretreated populus slurries to support development of a high-throughput pretreatment system
Authors: Studer Michael H , Brethauer Simone , DeMartini Jaclyn D , McKenzie Heather L , Wyman Charles E 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
The BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) developed a high-throughput screening method to rapidly identify low-recalcitrance biomass variants. Because the customary separation and analysis of liquid and solids between pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis used in conventional analyses is slow, labor-intensive and very difficult to automate, a streamlined approach we term 'co-hydrolysis' was developed. In this method, the solids and liquid in the pretreated biomass slurry are not separated, but instead hydrolysis is performed by adding enzymes to the whole pretreated slurry. The effects of pretreatment method, severity and solids loading on co-hydrolysis performance were investigated.

Results
For hydrothermal pretreatment at solids concentrations of 0.5 to 2%, high enzyme protein loadings of about 100 mg/g of substrate (glucan plus xylan) in the original poplar wood achieved glucose and xylose yields for co-hydrolysis that were comparable with those for washed solids. In addition, although poplar wood sugar yields from co-hydrolysis at 2% solids concentrations fell short of those from hydrolysis of washed solids after dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment even at high enzyme loadings, pretreatment at 0.5% solids concentrations resulted in similar yields for all but the lowest enzyme loading.

Conclusions
Overall, the influence of severity on susceptibility of pretreated substrates to enzymatic hydrolysis was clearly discernable, showing co-hydrolysis to be a viable approach for identifying plant-pretreatment-enzyme combinations with substantial advantages for sugar production.
Not all songbirds calibrate their magnetic compass from twilight cues: a telemetry study
Authors: Chernetsov Nikita , Kishkinev Dmitry , Kosarev Vladislav , Bolshakov Casimir V. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARY
Migratory birds are able to use the sun and associated polarised light patterns, stellar cues and the geomagnetic field for orientation. No general agreement has been reached regarding the hierarchy of orientation cues. Recent data from naturally migrating North American Catharus thrushes suggests that they calibrate geomagnetic information daily from twilight cues. Similar results have been shown in caged birds in a few studies but not confirmed in others. We report that free-flying European migrants, song thrushes Turdus philomelos, released after pre-exposure to a horizontally rotated magnetic field, do not recalibrate their magnetic compass from solar cues, but rather show a simple domination of either the magnetic or the stellar compass. We suggest that different songbird species possess different hierarchies of orientation cues, depending on the geographic and ecological challenges met by the migrants.
Massive Changes in Genome Architecture Accompany the Transition to Self-Fertility in the Filamentous FungusNeurospora tetrasperma
Authors: Ellison Christopher E , Stajich Jason E , Jacobson David J , Natvig Donald O , Lapidus Alla , Foster Brian , Aerts Andrea , Riley Robert , Lindquist Erika A , Grigoriev Igor V , Taylor John W 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA large region of suppressed recombination surrounds the sex-determining locus of the self-fertile fungus Neurospora tetrasperma. This region encompasses nearly one-fifth of the N. tetrasperma genome and suppression of recombination is necessary for self-fertility. The similarity of the N. tetrasperma mating chromosome to plant and animal sex chromosomes and its recent origin (&lt;5 MYA), combined with a long history of genetic and cytological research, make this fungus an ideal model for studying the evolutionary consequences of suppressed recombination. Here we compare genome sequences from two N. tetrasperma strains of opposite mating type to determine whether structural rearrangements are associated with the nonrecombining region and to examine the effect of suppressed recombination for the evolution of the genes within it. We find a series of three inversions encompassing the majority of the region of suppressed recombination and provide evidence for two different types of rearrangement mechanisms: the recently proposed mechanism of inversion via staggered single-strand breaks as well as ectopic recombination between transposable elements. In addition, we show that the N. tetrasperma mat a mating-type region appears to be accumulating deleterious substitutions at a faster rate than the other mating type (mat A) and thus may be in the early stages of degeneration.
Exploring and Promoting Ecological Consciousness in Teacher Education: the Possibilities of Educational Action Research in Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Gedžūne Inga , Gedžūne Ginta 
Published: July 2011

Exploring and Promoting Ecological Consciousness in Teacher Education: the Possibilities of Educational Action Research in Education for Sustainable DevelopmentThe paper reports on the findings of a qualitative study with 39 first year students of pre-school and primary school teacher education programmes who are taking an educational action research based study course "Environmental Pedagogy". The study aimed at engaging the students in reflection on their experiences of interaction with nature and uncovering their views on ecological consciousness. Qualitative content analysis sought emergent themes in students' reflections. A conceptual framework was identified containing three frames of reference: (1) inclusion-oriented frame of reference; (2) exclusion-determining frame of reference and (3) solution-oriented frame of reference. Conclusions were drawn about the possibilities of educational action research to encourage students' reflection on ecological consciousness and building sustainable and inclusive relationships with the world.
Investigation of Gearbox Vibroactivity with the Use of Vibration and Acoustic Pressure Start-Up Characteristics
Authors: Figlus Tomasz , Wilk Andrzej , Madej Henryk , Łazarz Bogusław 
Published: July 2011

Investigation of Gearbox Vibroactivity with the Use of Vibration and Acoustic Pressure Start-Up CharacteristicsThis article presents the results of investigating the influence of tooth contact ratio in helical cylindrical gears on vibroactivity of the gearbox. Based on the measurements carried out on a laboratory test stand, time-domain and frequency-domain start-up characteristics of vibrations and acoustic pressure were determined, and vibroactivity was assessed for a gearbox in which 4 pairs of gears were successively mounted with different face contact ratios equal to, respectively, εβ=1,001; 1,318; 1,574; 2,636.
A new genus and two new species of leptocheliids from the marine shallow waters of Indonesia (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Tanaidomorpha)
Authors: Guţu Modest 
Published: July 2011

A new genus and two new species of leptocheliids from the marine shallow waters of Indonesia (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Tanaidomorpha)
Neoleptochelia javaensis n. g., n. sp. and Leptochelia helenae n. sp. from the marine shallow waters of the Indonesian Archipelago are described and illustrated. By the big length of male cheliped the genus Neoleptochelia n. g. is similar to the species of the Leptochelia-minuta "group". The main characteristics of the new genus consist in the size and configuration of uropod (short and thick), the length of pereopod II dactylus (shorter than unguis) and of the distosternal seta of pereopods III and IV carpus, in females (longer than propodus and dactylus combined). Although the females of L. helenae n. sp. are similar to those of L. daggi Bamber, 2005, the males of these two species are totally different. So, while the male cheliped of L. daggi is similar to that of the species included in the Leptochelia-dubia "group", that of the species L. helenae n. sp. is similar to the Leptochelia-minuta "group".
Non-lieux et grands projets urbains. Une inéluctable équation ? Perspectives théoriques et propositions analytiques »
Authors: Bédard Mario , Breux Sandra 
Published: July 2011

L’objectif de cet article est de proposer une grille d’analyse permettant d’identifier la vocation socio-territoriale des grands projets urbains contemporains et, pour ce faire, de poser les jalons d’une réflexion visant à saisir les nuances des fonctions symboliques afférentes à notre condition habitante. Partant de l’idée que le lieu est constitutif de toute identité individuelle et collective, il est démontré en quoi les grands projets urbains contemporains sollicitent le sens des lieux qu’ils ré-investissent et le bien-être de leurs populations. En effet, alors qu’ils sont censés symboliser et nourrir les spécificités de la ville dans laquelle ils s’inscrivent, on constate de plus en plus de similitudes entre les grands projets urbains de nos diverses sociétés. Cela étant, dans quelle mesure le grand projet urbain peut-il faire sens pour la population qu’il vise, et dès lors se révéler territorialisant ? Plus encore, le grand projet urbain est-il synonyme de haut-lieu ou plutôt de non-lieu, c’est-à-dire d’un lieu hypo-signifiant ? Reprenant les distinctions qu’il y a entre planification, projet urbain et grand projet urbain à l’aune d’une analyse plus spécifique de leur charge référentielle respective, est ici illustré que la vocation socio-territoriale de tout grand projet urbain est fort complexe au su des diverses fonctions symboliques qu’on lui prête et nécessite un outil méthodologique approprié pour assurer la représentativité et la pérennité de ce dernier.
De nouvelles dynamiques de mécanisation agricole : commerce, usages et spatialisation au sein de la région de Ségou (Mali)
Authors: de la Croix K. , Marie J. , Ferry Luc , Landy F. 
Published: July 2011

La région de Ségou, située au centre du Mali, dans la partie soudano-sahélienne et traversée par le fleuve Niger, se caractérise par l’importance de son activité agricole. Outre le cas particulier de l’Office du Niger, véritable « grenier à riz du Mali » (Bonneval, 2002), on assiste au sein de la ville de Ségou à des processus locaux de commercialisation d’outillage mécanique à destination des champs de brousse ainsi que des périmètres maraîchers et fruitiers situés le long des cours d’eau. L’étude des réseaux directs d’importation de matériel agricole entre l’Asie, le Moyen-Orient et l’Europe vers Ségou est à mettre en relation avec une demande accrue des exploitants locaux pour un équipement adapté à leurs besoins et à leurs revenus. Se dégage ainsi une typologie des différents importateurs et revendeurs de matériels agricoles à l’instar d’une classification des exploitations, qui utilisent cet équipement. La multiplication des jardins maraîchers et fruitiers pratiquant une irrigation moto-mécanisée, le long des berges du Niger et du Bani notamment, constitue un objet d’analyse singulier. Enfin, l’introduction de ces nouvelles dynamiques de mécanisation agricole entraîne une répartition spatiale régionale particulière ainsi que de multiples impacts techniques et sociaux au sein des familles d’exploitants.
Manipulation of Single‐Stranded DNA by Using an Artificial Site‐Selective DNA Cutter Composed of Cerium(IV)/EDTA and Phosphonate–Oligonucleotide Conjugates
Authors: Aiba Yuichiro , Lönnberg Tuomas , Komiyama Makoto 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn artificial site‐selective DNA cutter to hydrolyze single‐stranded DNA at a desired site was prepared from CeIV/ethylenediamintetraacetic acid (EDTA) and two ethylenediamine‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid)–oligonucleotide conjugates. By using this cutter, the sense strand of a blue fluorescent protein (BFP) gene was selectively cut at a predetermined site in the chromophore‐coding region. The upstream fragment obtained by the site‐selective scission was ligated with the downstream fragment of the closely related green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene so that the 5′‐ and 3′‐end portions of the chromophore came from the BFP fragment and the GFP fragment, respectively. The recombinant gene was successfully expressed in E. coli and the chimeric chromophore emitted green fluorescence as expected.