bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analogies du pouvoir partagé:remarques sur Aristote, Politique III.11
Authors: Bouchard Elsa 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA new assessment of Aristotle Politics 3.11 shows that most of the arguments contained in this chapter are strictly analogical and should not be granted too much weight in Aristotle’s overall conception of popular government. A close analysis of the four analogies used by Aristotle to illustrate the so-called “wisdom of the many” brings to light both the negative and the positive conclusions allowed by this chapter, the following in particular: 1) the partial inclusion of the people in government decisions is desirable insofar as the people are affected by these decisions; 2) the people’s judgements are most qualified in some areas of political life, such as the audit of the magistrates; 3) the optimal distribution of power in the political community is made in accordance with the relative merits of all its members.
Revisiting Irenaeus’ Philosophical Acumen
Authors: Briggman Anthony 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe primary place held by Scripture in the theology of Irenaeus of Lyons is beyond doubt. A number of scholars have pointed out, however, that Irenaeus also utilizes philosophy and rhetoric to his advantage. Despite the gains of this research there is a persistent tendency to trivialize Irenaeus’ philosophical and rhetorical ability. In this paper I argue against this tendency by calling more attention to the philosophical ability that Irenaeus displays. In the first place, I summarize the current state of scholarly opinion on the role of philosophy and rhetoric in Irenaeus’ thought. In the second, I illustrate Irenaeus’ use of philosophy by examining his comments in Against Heresies 3,24,2-3,25,5.
How to Read a Book: Irenaeus and the Pastoral Epistles Reconsidered
Authors: White Benjamin L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBoth the title of Irenaeus’ Refutation and Overthrow of Falsely-Called Knowledge and the opening lines of the preface to Book One of this work feature language from 1 Timothy. This prominent positioning once garnered significant attention from scholars, who, building on a larger narrative of a second-century Pauline captivity to “the heretics,” argued that it was only with the pseudonymous Pastoral Epistles that a Paul emerged who could be useful for the proto-orthodox church (Irenaeus, in particular) in its fight against the “heretics.” More recently, however, the role of the Pastorals in Irenaeus has been downplayed by those who are not convinced of the Pauline “captivity” narrative. In this article I argue, against this recent trend, that the Pastorals do provide, using the language of Gérard Genette, a significant hypotext for Irenaeus. The use of 1 Timothy in the title and preface of Adversus haereses clues the reader to this intertextual relationship and sets a paradigmatic course for the remainder of the work.
À propos de la datation du manuscrit contenant le Grand Euchologe du Monastère Blanc
Authors: Suciu Alin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe most complete Sahidic manuscript of the Euchologion, the liturgical book destined to the priestly service, comes from the White Monastery in Upper Egypt. The dating of this fragmentary codex has been a matter of debate among scholars for a long time, but their results have not reached consensus. The aim of the present paper is to enter this debate from the angle of paleography, showing that the existence of a dated codex copied by the same scribe offers us a firm ground to establish the age of the manuscript containing the Euchologion.
Review Essay For Profit or Delight? Richard Pervo’s Contributions to Lukan Studies
Authors: Mittelstadt Martin William 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGiven Pentecostal proclivity to (Luke-) Acts, it should come as no surprise that Pentecostals consider the work of the prolific Richard Pervo. In this essay, I offer a synopsis and evaluation of his work, particularly four recent volumes, on Acts for the Pneuma readership. On one hand, Pervo proves controversial (not only for Pentecostals) concerning questions about authorship, date, and historicity. On the other hand, Pervo offers fine insight on literary conventions and thematic motifs employed by the author of the Third Gospel and Acts. In the end, I suggest that a careful reading of Pervo produces some profit for readers. As for delight, this will depend on the reader’s needs and interests.
Harmful Beneficence
Authors: Rivera Lisa 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBeneficence is usually regarded as adequate when it results in an actual benefit for a beneficiary and satisfies her self-chosen end. However, beneficence that satisfies these conditions can harm beneficiaries' free agency, particularly when they are robustly dependent on benefactors. First, the means that benefactors choose can have undesirable side-effects on resources that beneficiaries need for future free action. Second, benefactors may undermine beneficiaries' ability to freely deliberate and choose. It is therefore insufficient to satisfy someone's self-chosen ends. Instead, good beneficence depends on whether the benefactor avoids undue influence over a beneficiary's deliberation and whether the choice of means is compatible with the beneficiary's conception of her good. Consequently, benefactors must have substantial respect for a beneficiary's free agency and the practical competence to choose means that take into account the beneficiary's conception of her good and the wider set of circumstances that influence her life.
The Literary Corpus of George of Laodicea
Authors: DelCogliano Mark 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article deals with issues relating to the literary corpus of George of Laodicea. A brief description of the known contents of George’s corpus is provided at the outset in order to correct incomplete or inaccurate lists that appear elsewhere. Two topics are then discussed in more detail. First, reports about George’s lost anti-Manichaean treatise are examined in order to further our understanding of him and his place in the fourth-century Church. It is suggested that he is one of the founders of the Christian anti-Manichean tradition. Second, in response to recent denials of his authorship of the Homoiousian letter written in the summer of 359 on the part of Jeffrey Steenson, Winrich Löhr, and Xavier Morales, it is argued that George played the primary role in its composition.
The Programme of Measures of the Water Framework Directive – More than just a Formal Compliance Tool
Authors: Baaner Lasse 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article explores the requirements of the Water Framework Directive with regard to the programme of measures for achieving environmental objectives. It analyses Article 11 of the directive and other legal provisions concerning the content of the programme, and identifies four kind of provisions: provisions for including measures for achieving environmental objectives, provisions for including measures for fulfilling other obligations in the Water Framework Directive, provisions for including measures for fulfilling obligations in other environmental directives, and provisions concerning the legal design of the Member States' water management. This article concludes that a number of the provisions in Article 11 direct the legal design of the Member States' water management in greater detail than that which follows from the obligation to achieve the environmental objectives of Article 4 of the directive, and that the freedom to decide on how to attain the environmental objectives of the directive is limited thereby.
Soo Yong (1903-1984): Hollywood Celebrity and Cultural Interpreter
Authors: Gao Yunxiang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFollowing Broadway roles in the 1920s and serving as cultural translator for Mei Lanfang's Peking Opera tour of North America in 1930, Soo Yong (1903-84) acted in twenty-three Hollywood films and numerous television shows. Born in Hawaii to Chinese immigrant parents who were supporters of Sun Yat-sen and educated at Columbia Teachers College, Soo Yong combined Chinese and Western values without becoming the type of Westernized "Modern Girl" represented by Anna May Wong. Her roles present a softer Orientalism that allowed ethnic dignity and did not offend her Chinese-American audiences or her Nationalist friends in China. In contrast to the two-year younger Anna May Wong, she was able to balance several worlds and to sustain a position as an off-screen, cultural translator.
Bootstrapping Wildfire Selectivity for the Forest Types of Canton Ticino (Switzerland)
Authors: Bajocco Sofia , Pezzatti Gianni Boris , De Angelis Antonella , Conedera Marco , Ricotta Carlo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Disturbances spreading through the landscape, like wildfires, are essential processes in modeling landscape structure and dynamics. Like other disturbances, fire may spread from a local epicenter with a propagation rate enhanced or retarded by the spatial arrangement of fuel across the landscape. Therefore, fire ignition and spread are a direct consequence of the presence and arrangement of fire-prone habitats. Generalizing the concept of “habitat selection” to every spatially distributed ecological process, the resource selection functions used in zoology to summarize habitat use by wildlife can be also used to characterize the wildfire’s pattern across the landscape. The aim of this paper is thus to quantify the relationship between forest cover and burnt area in Canton Ticino (Switzerland) during 1980–2007 using a bootstrap test of significance: that is, to identify forest types that burn more (or less) than expected from a random null model based on the regional availability of the resource (forest type). The results show that fires behave selectively for most forest types; whereas chestnut stands and broad-leaved forests display overproportional burnt areas, coniferous forests typically burn less than expected by a random null model.
Micrometeorological Modeling of Radiative and Convective Effects with a Building-Resolving Code
Authors: Qu Yongfeng , Milliez Maya , Musson-Genon Luc , Carissimo Bertrand 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn many micrometeorological studies with computational fluid dynamics, building-resolving models usually assume a neutral atmosphere. Nevertheless, urban radiative transfers play an important role because of their influence on the energy budget. To take into account atmospheric radiation and the thermal effects of the buildings in simulations of atmospheric flow and pollutant dispersion in urban areas, a three-dimensional (3D) atmospheric radiative scheme has been developed in the atmospheric module of the Code_Saturne 3D computational fluid dynamic model. On the basis of the discrete ordinate method, the radiative model solves the radiative transfer equation in a semitransparent medium for complex geometries. The spatial mesh discretization is the same as the one used for the dynamics. This paper describes ongoing work with the development of this model. The radiative scheme was previously validated with idealized cases. Here, results of the full coupling of the radiative and thermal schemes with the 3D dynamical model are presented and are compared with measurements from the Mock Urban Setting Test (MUST) and with simpler modeling approaches found in the literature. The model is able to globally reproduce the differences in diurnal evolution of the surface temperatures of the different walls and roof. The inhomogeneous wall temperature is only seen when using the 3D dynamical model for the convective scheme.
Dynamical Downscaling of Wind Speed in Complex Terrain Prone To Bora-Type Flows
Authors: Horvath Kristian , Bajić Alica , Ivatek-Šahdan Stjepan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe results of numerically modeled wind speed climate, a primary component of wind energy resource assessment in the complex terrain of Croatia, are given. For that purpose, dynamical downscaling of 10 yr (1992–2001) of the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) was performed to 8-km horizontal grid spacing with the use of a spectral, prognostic full-physics model Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement International (ALADIN; the “ALHR” version). Then modeled data with a 60-min frequency were refined to 2-km horizontal grid spacing with a simplified and cost-effective model version, the so-called dynamical adaptation (DADA). The statistical verification of ERA-40-, ALHR-, and DADA-modeled wind speed on the basis of data from measurement stations representing different regions of Croatia suggests that downscaling was successful and that model accuracy generally improves as horizontal resolution is increased. The areas of the highest mean wind speeds correspond well to locations of frequent and strong bora flow as well as to the prominent mountain peaks. The best results are achieved with DADA and contain bias of 1% of the mean wind speed for eastern Croatia while reaching 10% for complex coastal terrain, mainly because of underestimation of the strongest winds. Root-mean-square errors for DADA are significantly smaller for flat terrain than for complex terrain, with relative values close to 12% of the mean wind speed regardless of the station location. Spectral analyses suggest that the shape of the kinetic energy spectra generally relaxes fromk−3at the upper troposphere to the shape of orographic spectra near the surface and shows no seasonal variability. Apart from the buildup of energy on smaller scales of motions, it is shown that mesoscale simulations contain a considerable amount of energy related to near-surface and mostly divergent meso-β-scale (20–200 km) motions. Spectral decomposition of measured and modeled data in temporal space indicates a reasonable performance of all model datasets in simulating the primary maximum of spectral power related to synoptic and larger-than-diurnal mesoscale motions, with somewhat increased accuracy of mesoscale model data. The primary improvement of dynamical adaptation was achieved for cross-mountain winds, whereas mixed results were found for along-mountain wind directions. Secondary diurnal and tertiary semidiurnal maxima are significantly better simulated with the mesoscale model for coastal stations but are somewhat more erroneous for the continental station. The mesoscale model data underestimate the spectral power of motions with less-than-semidiurnal periods.
Hydrologic Evaluation of Rainfall Estimates from Radar, Satellite, Gauge, and Combinations on Ft. Cobb Basin, Oklahoma
Authors: Gourley Jonathan J. , Hong Yang , Flamig Zachary L. , Wang Jiahu , Vergara Humberto , Anagnostou Emmanouil N. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study evaluates rainfall estimates from the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD), operational rain gauges, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS) in the context as inputs to a calibrated, distributed hydrologic model. A high-density Micronet of rain gauges on the 342-km2 Ft. Cobb basin in Oklahoma was used as reference rainfall to calibrate the National Weather Service’s (NWS) Hydrology Laboratory Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM) at 4-km/l-h and 0.25°/3-h resolutions. The unadjusted radar product was the overall worst product, while the stage IV radar product with hourly rain gauge adjustment had the best hydrologic skill with a Micronet relative efficiency score of −0.5, only slightly worse than the reference simulation forced by Micronet rainfall. Simulations from TRMM-3B42RT were better than PERSIANN-CCS-RT (a real-time version of PERSIANN-CSS) and equivalent to those from the operational rain gauge network. The high degree of hydrologic skill with TRMM-3B42RT forcing was only achievable when the model was calibrated at TRMM’s 0.25°/3-h resolution, thus highlighting the importance of considering rainfall product resolution during model calibration.
Polarimetric Estimates of a 1-Month Accumulation of Light Rain with a 3-cm Wavelength Radar
Authors: Borowska L. , Zrnić D. , Ryzhkov A. , Zhang P. , Simmer C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe authors evaluate rainfall estimates from the new polarimetric X-band radar at Bonn, Germany, for a period between mid-November and the end of December 2009 by comparison with rain gauges. The emphasis is on slightly more than 1-month accumulations over areas minimally affected by beam blockage. The rain regime was characterized by reflectivities mainly below 45 dBZ, maximum observed rain rates of 47 mm h−1, a mean rain rate of 0.1 mm h−1, and brightband altitudes between 0.6 and 2.4 km above the ground. Both the reflectivity factor and the specific differential phase are used to obtain the rain rates. The accuracy of rain total estimates is evaluated from the statistics of the differences between radar and rain gauge measurements. Polarimetry provides improvement in the statistics of reflectivity-based measurements by reducing the bias and RMS errors from −25% to 7% and from 33% to 17%, respectively. Essential to this improvement is separation of the data into those attributed to pure rain, those from the bright band, and those due to nonmeteorological scatterers. A type-specific (rain or wet snow) relation is applied to obtain the rain rate by matching on the average the contribution by wet snow to the radar-measured rainfall below the bright band. The measurement of rain using specific differential phase is the most robust and can be applied to the very low rain rates and still produce credible accumulation estimates characterized with a standard deviation of 11% but a bias of −25%. A composite estimator is also tested and discussed.
Streamflow Data from Small Basins: A Challenging Test to High-Resolution Regional Climate Modeling
Authors: Stahl Kerstin , Tallaksen Lena M. , Gudmundsson Lukas , Christensen Jens H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLand surface models and large-scale hydrological models provide the basis for studying impacts of climate and anthropogenic changes on continental- to regional-scale hydrology. Hence, there is a need for comparison and validation of simulated characteristics of spatial and temporal dynamics with independent observations. This study introduces a novel validation framework that relates to common hydrological design measures. The framework is tested by comparing anomalies of runoff from a high-resolution climate-model simulation for Europe with a large number of streamflow observations from small near-natural basins. The regional climate simulation was performed as a “poor man’s reanalysis,” involving a dynamical downscaling of the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-40) with the Danish “HIRHAM5” model. For 19 different anomaly levels, two indices evaluate the temporal agreement (i.e., the occurrence and frequency of dry and wet events based on daily anomalies), whereas two other indices compare the interannual variability and trends based on annual anomalies. Benchmarks on each index facilitated a comparison across indices, anomaly levels, and basins. The lowest agreement of observed and simulated anomalies was found for dry anomalies. Weak to moderately wet anomalies agreed best, but agreement dropped again for the wettest anomalies. The results could guide the decision on thresholds if this regional climate model were used for the assessment of climate change scenario impacts on flood and drought statistics. Indices vary across Europe, but a gradient with decreasing correspondence between observed and simulated runoff characteristics from west to east, from lower to higher elevations, and from fast to slowly responding basins can be distinguished. The suggested indices can easily be adapted to other study areas and model types to assist in assessing the reliability of predictions of hydrological change.
Shifts in Western North American Snowmelt Runoff Regimes for the Recent Warm Decades
Authors: Fritze Holger , Stewart Iris T. , Pebesma Edzer 
Published: April 2011

AbstractClimate change–driven shifts in streamflow timing have been documented for western North America and are expected to continue with increased warming. These changes will likely have the greatest implications on already short and overcommitted water supplies in the region. This study investigated changes in western North American streamflow timing over the 1948–2008 period, including the very recent warm decade not previously considered, through (i) trends in streamflow timing measures, (ii) two second-order linear models applied simultaneously over the region to test for the acceleration of these changes, and (iii) changes in runoff regimes. Basins were categorized by the percentage of snowmelt-derived runoff to enable the comparison of groups of streams with similar runoff characteristics and to quantify shifts in snowmelt-dominated regimes. Results indicate that streamflow has continued to shift to earlier in the water year, most notably for those basins with the largest snowmelt runoff component. However, an acceleration of these streamflow timing changes for the recent warm decades is not clearly indicated. Most coastal rain-dominated and some interior basins have experienced later timing. The timing changes are connected to area-wide warmer temperatures, especially in March and January, and to precipitation shifts that bear subregional signatures. Notably, a set of the most vulnerable basins has experienced runoff regime changes, such that basins that were snowmelt dominated at the beginning of the observational period shifted to mostly rain dominated in later years. These most vulnerable regions for regime shifts are in the California Sierra Nevada, eastern Washington, Idaho, and northeastern New Mexico. Snowmelt regime changes may indicate that the time available for adaptation of water supply systems to climatic changes in vulnerable regions are shorter than previously recognized.
A Novel Approach for Selective Reconstruction of Cloud-Contaminated Satellite Images
Authors: Shukla Bipasha Paul , Pal P. K. , Joshi P. C. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The paper presents a robust technique for cloud clearing of satellite imagery. The proposed algorithm combines mathematical morphological techniques with a conventional cloud clearing scheme to restore clear sky values. The derived equivalent clear sky brightness temperature plays a very important role in numerical weather prediction, climate research, and monitoring. The developed methodology uses distinct approaches for reconstruction of partially clouded domains and overcast regions. It is found that the algorithm is especially suitable for pre- or postmonsoon months, where there is a high percentage of partially cloudy and small overcast cloudy regions. The algorithm is tested for the Kalpana Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR) thermal infrared (TIR) band data acquired over the oceanic region adjoining India throughout the month of May 2009. It is found that the algorithm is able to clear 25% of cloudy pixels with an RMSE of 1.2 K for brightness temperature.