bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postglacial evolution of the Lake Constance shelf and its relation to a 10-km long chain of submerged Neolithic mounds
Authors: Perler Dominic , Benguerel Simone , Brem Hansjörg , Gilliard Florence , Hornung Jens , Keiser Thomas , Leuzinger Urs , Schaller Sebastian , Szidat Sönke , Vogel Hendrik , Wessels Martin , Anselmetti Flavio S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA recent bathymetric survey of Lake Constance revealed ~ 170 mounds composed of loosely deposited rocks aligned in a ~ 10-km long chain along the southern Swiss shoreline in a water depth of 3–5 m. The mounds are 10–30 m in diameter and up to 1.5 m high. Over their entire length of occurrence, the mounds are estimated to be composed of ~ 60 million individual boulders, with a total weight of ~ 78,000 t. A ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey showed that the mounds are not linked to the glacial substrate but were rather deposited artificially on the edge of a prograding shelf composed of Holocene lake sediments. Here, we present the results of a coring campaign with four piston cores along a GPR transect across one of the mounds. The cores recovered the full Holocene sedimentary succession all the way into the basal till that is overlain by lacustrine sediments dating back to ~ 14,400 cal. yrs BP. The four cores are merged into a ~ 12.4-m long composite section reflecting continuous sedimentation from the siliciclastic-dominated Late Glacial to the carbonate-rich Late Holocene. The stratigraphic horizon representing the mound’s construction was radiocarbon-dated to ~ 5600–5300 cal. yrs BP, placing them in the Neolithic period. This age was confirmed by radiocarbon dating of wood samples collected during underwater excavation of the mounds. Geochemical analysis of the Holocene sedimentary succession shows generally high carbonate contents (average of 69%). The interval from 5750 to 4950 cal. yrs BP, a part of the mound period, is characterized by a Holocene minimum in carbonate content (average of 57%) and by larger mean grain sizes. Comparing these values to those from a recent surface-sediment depth transect indicates that this was a period of rather low lake levels, which might have favoured mound construction. Correlations to nearby archaeological sites and to the general West-Central European lake-level record indicates that the mounds likely were built during a short phase of low lake levels during a general trend of climatic cooling followed by a lake-level transgression.
Should vegans have children? A response to Räsänen
Authors: Austin-Eames Louis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractJoona Räsänen argues that vegans ought to be anti-natalists and therefore abstain from having children. More precisely, Räsänen claims that vegans who accept a utilitarian or rights-based argument for veganism, ought to, by parity of reasoning, accept an analogous argument for anti-natalism. In this paper, I argue that the reasons vegans have for refraining from purchasing animal products do not commit them to abstaining from having children. I provide novel arguments to the following conclusion: while there is good reason to believe that factory farming results in a net disutility and involves treating non-human animals as mere means, there is not good reason to believe that having children results in a net disutility or involves treating the children as mere means. Subsequently, I respond to what I take to be Räsänen’s underlying reasoning—that vegans are committed to abstaining from other practices which cause unnecessary suffering. I respond by arguing that this is plausibly false as various practices which cause unnecessary suffering are likely permissible, whereas factory farming is not.
Stochastic Partial Differential Equations and Invariant Manifolds in Embedded Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Bhaskaran Rajeev , Tappe Stefan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for stochastic invariance of finite dimensional submanifolds for solutions of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) in continuously embedded Hilbert spaces with non-smooth coefficients. Furthermore, we establish a link between invariance of submanifolds for such SPDEs in Hermite Sobolev spaces and invariance of submanifolds for finite dimensional SDEs. This provides a new method for analyzing stochastic invariance of submanifolds for finite dimensional Itô diffusions, which we will use in order to derive new invariance results for finite dimensional SDEs.
Automatic evolutionary design of quantum rule-based systems and applications to quantum reinforcement learning
Authors: Cuéllar Manuel P. , Pegalajar M. C. , Cano C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExplainable artificial intelligence is a research topic whose relevance has increased in recent years, especially with the advent of large machine learning models. However, very few attempts have been proposed to improve interpretability in the case of quantum artificial intelligence, and many existing quantum machine learning models in the literature can be considered almost as black boxes. In this article, we argue that an appropriate semantic interpretation of a given quantum circuit that solves a problem can be of interest to the user not only to certify the correct behavior of the learned model, but also to obtain a deeper insight into the problem at hand and its solution. We focus on decision-making problems that can be formulated as classification tasks and propose a method for learning quantum rule-based systems to solve them using evolutionary optimization algorithms. The approach is tested to learn rules that solve control and decision-making tasks in reinforcement learning environments, to provide interpretable agent policies that help to understand the internal dynamics of an unknown environment. Our results conclude that the learned policies are not only highly explainable, but can also help detect non-relevant features of problems and produce a minimal set of rules.
Oxidative stress and DNA alteration on the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to four commercial pesticides
Authors: Campani Tommaso , Casini Silvia , Maccantelli Andrea , Tosoni Filippo , D’Agostino Antonella , Caliani Ilaria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractModern agriculture is mainly based on the use of pesticides to protect crops but their efficiency is very low, in fact, most of them reach water or soil ecosystems causing pollution and health hazards to non-target organisms. Fungicide triazoles and strobilurins based are the most widely used and require a specific effort to investigate toxicological effects on non-target species. This study evaluates the toxic effects of four commercial fungicides Prosaro® (tebuconazole and prothioconazole), Amistar®Xtra (azoxystrobin and cyproconazole), Mirador® (azoxystrobin) and Icarus® (Tebuconazole) on Eisenia fetida using several biomarkers: lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase activity (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), total glutathione (GSHt), DNA fragmentation (comet assay) and lysozyme activity tested for the first time in E. fetida. The exposure to Mirador® and AmistarXtra® caused an imbalance of ROS species, leading to the inhibition of the immune system. AmistarXtra® and Prosaro®, composed of two active ingredients, induced significant DNA alteration, indicating genotoxic effects. This study broadened our knowledge of the effects of pesticide product formulations on earthworms and showed the need for improvement in the evaluation of toxicological risk deriving from the changing of physicochemical and toxicological properties that occur when a commercial formulation contains more than one active ingredient and several unknown co-formulants.
The role of environmental tax on the environmental quality in EU counties: evidence from panel vector autoregression approach
Authors: Savranlar Buket , Ertas Seyyid Ali , Aslan Alper 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study intends to analyze the influence of environmental taxes on pollution in EU-27 nations. Furthermore, energy from renewable sources consumption and urbanization are employed to clarify CO2 emissions in this study that tests the EKC hypothesis. According to the findings, an increase in environmental taxes reduces CO2 emissions by 0.14%. Also, the data supported the validity of the EKC concept. The findings of the causality test demonstrated that there is a bidirectional causal link between CO2 emissions and environmental taxes. These results reflect that environmental tax revenues contribute to sustainability as an effective policy tool in EU countries. Policies regarding environmental tax enforcement come to the fore in terms of both keeping the balance in economic activities and serving sustainability.
Correlation of fabric parameters and characteristic features of granular material behaviour in DEM in constitutive modelling
Authors: Khayyer Farid , Rahman Md Mizanur , Karim Md Rajibul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe anisotropic microstructure of granular materials has a profound effect on their macroscopic behaviour and can be characterised using a fabric tensor. To include of fabric in the critical state theory (CST), anisotropic critical state theory (ACST) was proposed by modifying the state parameter $$(\psi )$$

(
ψ
)

of CST to a fabric-dependent dilatancy state parameter $$(\upzeta )$$

(
ζ
)

. Noteworthy that $$\uppsi$$
ψ
showed a very strong correlation with characteristic features (e.g. instability, phase transformation and characteristic state) of macroscopic behaviour and, as a result, it has been adopted in many constitutive models. While $$\upzeta$$
ζ
aided the inclusion of fabric in ACST models, the correlation between $$\upzeta$$
ζ
and characteristic features has not been evaluated in detail yet, although a large number of works are found on micromechanics and fabric only. In this study, a large number of discrete element method simulations for drained and undrained triaxial were conducted to evaluate the correlation between $$\upzeta$$
ζ
and characteristic features. To this purpose, the correlation between stress ratio and both classic and dilatancy state parameter ($$\psi$$
ψ
and $$\upzeta$$
ζ
) were studied in important characteristic features (e.g. instability, phase transformation and characteristic state). It was found that this correlation was improved using $$\upzeta$$
ζ
which might be due to the inclusion of fabric in our model. This observation is new and significant for inclusion of fabric evolution in constitutive modelling.
The Effects of Fingolimod (FTY720) on Leukocyte Subset Circulation cannot be Behaviourally Conditioned in Rats
Authors: Jakobs Marie , Hörbelt-Grünheidt Tina , Hadamitzky Martin , Bihorac Julia , Salem Yasmin , Leisengang Stephan , Christians Uwe , Schniedewind Björn , Schedlowski Manfred , Lückemann Laura 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Suppression of immune functions can be elicited by behavioural conditioning using drugs such as cyclosporin A or rapamycin. Nevertheless, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and generalisability of this phenomenon. Against this background, the present study investigated whether the pharmacological properties of fingolimod (FTY720), an immunosuppressive drug widely applied to treat multiple sclerosis, can be conditioned in rats by means of taste-immune associative learning. For this purpose, a conditioned taste avoidance paradigm was used, pairing the presentation of a novel sweet drinking solution (saccharin or sucrose) as conditioned stimulus (CS) with therapeutically effective doses of FTY720 as unconditioned stimulus (US). Subsequent re-exposure to the CS at a later time point revealed that conditioning with FTY720 induced a mild conditioned taste avoidance only when saccharin was employed as CS. However, on an immunological level, neither re-exposure with saccharin nor sucrose altered blood immune cell subsets or splenic cytokine production. Despite the fact that intraperitonally administered FTY720 could be detected in brain regions known to mediate neuro-immune interactions, the present findings show that the physiological action of FTY720 is not inducible by mere taste-immune associative learning. Whether conditioning generalises across all small-molecule drugs with immunosuppressive properties still needs to be investigated with modified paradigms probably using distinct sensory CS. Moreover, these findings emphasize the need to further investigate the underlying mechanisms of conditioned immunomodulation to assess the generalisability and usability of associative learning protocols as supportive therapies in clinical contexts.

Graphical Abstract
Harnessing the Power of Generative AI to Support ALL Learners
Authors: Evmenova Anya S. , Borup Jered , Shin Joan Kang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile generative AI such as ChatGPT has important drawbacks, it can potentially unlock new types of learning and support – specially for English learners and students with disabilities – by facilitating teachers’ Universal Design for Learning (UDL) efforts. As generative AI is quickly becoming an integral part of our lives (e.g., being incorporated into existing tools such as Google products), teachers will need to decide how they can use and benefit from this new technology. Our analysis of data collected during a summer teacher institute found that in Summer 2023 the majority of teachers had never used generative AI and were evenly split on whether it was a “friend” or “foe” in their teaching efforts. Overall, 43% of teachers reported, “ChatGPT and other generative AI will help make instruction more accessible for ALL learners,” while 32% of teachers were “undecided” indicating an opportunity to improve teacher perceptions. In this article we discuss strategies for using generative AI for improving UDL to benefit ALL learners brainstormed by the teachers. Practical implications for multilingual learners are discussed.
Impact of Ohmic Heating and Ultrasound Pretreatments on Oil Absorption and Other Quality Parameters of Fried Potato
Authors: Sari Ferda , Incedayi Bige , Turkmen Erol Nihal , Akpinar Pınar , Copur Omer Utku 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effect of pretreatments ((hot water blanching (HWB), ultrasound (US) and ohmic heating (OH)) on reducing the oil absorption of potato during frying and the changes in the quality parameters of the product ((total polyphenol (TP), in vitro digestion, total flavonoid (TF), antioxidant capacity (AC), chlorogenic acid (CA), textural and sensorial properties)) were investigated. The pretreatments applied significantly affected oil absorption and quality parameters of fried potato. The oil content of fried potatoes ranged from 26.06 to 32.01% depending on the pretreatment. OH-pretreated potato had the highest content of TP (41.27 mg GAE/100 g dry matter-DM), TF (32.89 mg RE/100 g DM) and CA (1.72 mg/100 g DM). However, there was no significant difference between the pretreatments in terms of bioaccessibility of polyphenols at the end of digestion. Also, AC value of fried potato pretreated by OH (124.13 mmol AAE/100 g DM) was higher compared to that of fresh potato (83.91 mmol AAE/100 g DM), but other two pretreatments caused a decrease in AC. The highest hardness was observed in HWB-treated potato strips. OH-treated potato had the best color parameters. Sensory data indicated that US-pretreated potato had the highest sensory scores followed by OH- and HWB-pretreated ones, respectively. Consequently, based on the above comprehensive quality evaluation, it can be suggested that OH pretreatment is a better choice for preparing deep fried potato.
Multiparametric approach with synthetic MR imaging for diagnosing salivary gland lesions
Authors: Takumi Koji , Nakanosono Ryota , Nagano Hiroaki , Hakamada Hiroto , Kanzaki Fumiko , Kamimura Kiyohisa , Nakajo Masatoyo , Eizuru Yukari , Nagano Hiromi , Yoshiura Takashi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To determine whether synthetic MR imaging can distinguish between benign and malignant salivary gland lesions.

Methods
The study population included 44 patients with 33 benign and 11 malignant salivary gland lesions. All MR imaging was obtained using a 3 Tesla system. The QRAPMASTER pulse sequence was used to acquire images with four TI values and two TE values, from which quantitative images of T1 and T2 relaxation times and proton density (PD) were generated. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare T1, T2, PD, and ADC values among the subtypes of salivary gland lesions. ROC analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic capability between malignant tumors (MTs) and either pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) or Warthin tumors (WTs). We further calculated diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing malignant from benign lesions when combining these parameters.

Results
PAs demonstrated significantly higher T1, T2, PD, and ADC values than WTs (all p < 0.001). Compared to MTs, PAs had significantly higher T1, T2, and ADC values (all p < 0.001), whereas WTs had significantly lower T1, T2, and PD values (p < 0.001, p = 0.008, and p = 0.003, respectively). T2 and ADC were most effective in differentiating between MTs and PAs (AUC = 0.928 and 0.939, respectively), and T1 and PD values for differentiating between MTs and WTs (AUC = 0.915 and 0.833, respectively). Combining T1 with T2 or ADC achieved accuracy of 86.4% in distinguishing between malignant and benign tumors. Similarly, combining PD with T2 or ADC reached accuracy of 86.4% for differentiating between malignant and benign tumors.

Conclusions
Utilizing a combination of synthetic MRI parameters may assist in differentiating malignant from benign salivary gland lesions.
Factor XI Inhibitors: perspectives in primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke
Authors: Prisco Domenico , Canfora Maria , Mazzetti Matteo , Mattioli Irene , Bettiol Alessandra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStroke is one of the most common causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Antithrombotic therapy represents the mainstay in primary and secondary prevention, both in cardioembolic and non-cardioembolic stroke. Particularly, direct oral anticoagulants play a crucial role in atrial fibrillation, the most common cause of cardioembolic stroke, whereas single or dual antiplatelet therapy is preferred in non-cardioembolic stroke. However, the limitations related to the residual risk of cardioembolic or cerebrovascular events, and the risk of major bleeding, still represent unmet medical needs. To overcome them, new drugs inhibiting Factor XI (FXI) and Factor XII have been proposed, with a selective inhibition of contact pathway of coagulation, delineating a new anticoagulant approach. This review provides a summary of the currently available evidence and future perspectives on FXI inhibitors, that can represent an additional therapeutic option in the primary and secondary prevention of cardioembolic and non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke, also in challenging therapeutic contexts.
Graphical Abstract
Towards a definition of “mathematical digital competency for teaching”
Authors: Geraniou Eirini , Jankvist Uffe Thomas , Elicer Raimundo , Tamborg Andreas Lindenskov , Misfeldt Morten 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhen students engage with a digital tool to tackle a mathematical task, the interplay between their digital competencies and mathematical abilities gives rise to what is termed mathematical digital competency (MDC). Recognising the significance of MDC as an integral component for contemporary students, the relevance of cultivating mathematical digital competency for teaching (MDCT) becomes apparent. We posit that for teachers to effectively guide students in the development of their MDC, possessing MDCT is imperative. In this paper, drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of instrumental orchestration, the documentational approach to didactics, and the Danish competencies framework’s six didactico-pedagogical competencies of mathematics teachers, we propose a theoretical conceptualization of teachers’ mathematical and digital competencies in the context of teaching mathematics with technology. Expanding upon the preliminary definition of students’ MDC, we incorporate pedagogic, theoretical elements tailored to teachers, encapsulating it as MDCT. To expound on the various facets of MDCT, we provide an illustrative example featuring a mathematics teacher proficient in the utilisation of digital technologies and programming.
Integrative Medicine Across the Pediatric Cancer Care Trajectory: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ben-Arye Eran , Samuels Noah , Seifert Georg , Gressel Orit , Peleg Raviv , Jong Miek 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the review
Children and adolescents with cancer, along with their parents and other informal caregivers, often report using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) during active oncology and hemato-oncology treatment. Some adopt an “alternative” approach to conventional medical care, which often entails the use of these practices without the knowledge of the treating pediatrician. In contrast, many others search for consultation provided by a pediatric integrative oncology (IO) practitioner working with the conventional medical team. IO seeks to provide evidence-based complementary medicine therapies, many of which have been shown to augment conventional supportive and palliative care, while ensuring the patient’s safety. The present narrative review examines the current state of and future direction for the IO setting of care.

Recent findings
A large body of published clinical research supports the effectiveness of leading Pediatric IO modalities, while addressing potential safety-related concerns.

Summary
Despite the growing amount of clinical research supporting the beneficial effects and implementation of Pediatric IO models of care, there is still a need for further studies in order to establish clinical guidelines in the treatment of children and adolescents with cancer. Such IO-directed guidelines will need to address both the effectiveness and the safety of the CAM modalities being used in pediatric oncology and hemato-oncology settings, promoting a better understanding among pediatric healthcare professionals and helping them understand the indications for referral to the IO treatment service.
Exploring Quantitative Biological Major, Trace, and Ultratrace Elements Composition and Qualitative Primary-Secondary Metabolites in Lamiaceae Medicinal Plants from Turkey
Authors: Tekman Enes , Asgarlı Tugay , Yuca Hafize , Atila Alptuğ , Çeçen Ömer , Karakaya Songül 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Medicinal plants comprise a spectrum of constituents, encompassing both organic and inorganic elements. Elemental composition of 27 species of medicinal plants of Lamiaceae (including 17 endemic) family grown in Turkey was carried out by ICP-MS. The following elements were determined in analysed samples: Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, U, Se. Quantitative analysis of specific primary and secondary metabolites was carried out. Na and K are major constituents in plants. The concentrations of Na range from 332,495.590 g/kg (in sample 10SA) to 279,690.674 g/kg (in sample 4SA), while those of K vary from 67,492.456 g/kg (in sample 15SA) to 3347.612 g/kg (in sample 1A). Some metals such as Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Cs, and Ba were also detected. Flavonoids, carbohydrates and tannins were present in all sample. Saponins were found in all samples except 1C and 2O. Coumarin were detected in samples 2N, 1 T, 1O, 1Z, 3SA, 1C, 4SA, 6SA, 8SA, 1 M, 11SA, 13SA, 2O, 14SA, 1H, and 16SI. Lipids were present in samples 6S, 9S, 1A, 10S, 1 M, 11SA, 12SA, 13SA, 14SA, and 16SI. Plants contain essential, rare earth, and trace elements at mg/kg concentrations, while major elements such as K and Na are present in high levels. Toxic element As (arsenic) was detected in all analyzed plants, but in most samples, its concentration was below the threshold set by World Health Organization.

Graphical Abstract