bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative exploration of challenges recruiting older adults forBeing Your Best,a co-designed holistic intervention to manage and reduce frailty: lessons learnt amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Saleem Ahsan , Appannah Arti , Meyer Claudia , Hutchinson Alison M , Mills Amber , Smit De Villiers , Boyd Leanne , Rose Michael , Sutherland Fran , O'Keefe Fleur , Lowthian Judy A 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesResearchers face numerous challenges when recruiting participants for health and social care research. This study reports on the challenges faced recruiting older adults forBeing Your Best, a co-designed holistic intervention to manage and reduce frailty, and highlights lessons learnt amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignA qualitative study design was used. Referrer interviews were conducted to explore the recruitment challenges faced by the frontline workers. An audit of the research participant (aged ≥65) database was also undertaken to evaluate the reasons for refusal to participate and withdrawal from the study.SettingHospital emergency departments (EDs) and a home care provider in Melbourne, Australia.ParticipantsFrontline workers and older adults.ResultsFrom May 2022 to June 2023, 71 referrals were received. Of those referrals, only 13 (18.3%) agreed to participate. Three participants withdrew immediately after baseline data collection, and the remaining 10 continued to participate in the programme. Reasons for older adult non-participation were (1) health issues (25.3%), (2) ineligibility (18.3%), (3) lack of interest (15.5%), (4) perceptions of being ‘too old’ (11.2%) and (5) perceptions of being too busy (5.6%). Of those participating, five were female and five were male. Eleven referrer interviews were conducted to explore challenges with recruitment, and three themes were generated after thematic analysis: (1) challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) characteristics of the programme and (3) health of older adults.ConclusionDespite using multiple strategies, recruitment was much lower than anticipated. The ED staff were at capacity associated with pandemic-related activities. While EDs are important sources of participants for research, they were not suitable recruitment sites at the time of this study, due to COVID-19-related challenges. Programme screening characteristics and researchers’ inability to develop rapport with potential participants also contributed to low recruitment numbers.Trial registration numberACTRN12620000533998; Pre-results.
Childbirth Acquired Perineal Trauma study (CHAPTER): a UK prospective cohort study protocol
Authors: Hodgetts Morton Victoria , Man Rebecca , Perry Rita , Hughes Terry , Tohill Susan , MacArthur Christine , Magill Laura , Morris R Katie 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionChildbirth-related perineal trauma (CRPT) is the most common complication of childbirth affecting 80% of women overall after vaginal birth. There remains a lack of comprehensive evidence relating to the prevalence of subsequent health problems. Current evidence is related to short-term outcomes, for example, pain, but there is less known about longer-term outcomes such as infection, wound dehiscence, pelvic floor function and psychological outcomes. This is a protocol for a cohort study assessing outcomes of women after CRPT.Methods and analysisA multicentre, prospective UK cohort study aiming to include 1000 women. All women who have sustained CRPT will be eligible for inclusion and will be followed-up for 12 months after childbirth. The primary outcome will be perineal infection at 6 weeks post-birth. Secondary outcomes will include antibiotic use for perineal infection, wound breakdown, use of analgesia, the requirement for admission or surgical intervention, urinary and faecal incontinence, anxiety and depressive symptoms, sexual function and impact on daily activities. Outcomes will be measured at 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months post partum, with some outcomes being measured at all time points and others at selected most appropriate time points only. Outcome data will be obtained from a review of clinical notes and from patient questionnaires. Simple descriptive statistics will be used to summarise characteristics and outcomes, with categorical variables expressed as percentages and continuous variables as mean averages, alongside the corresponding standard deviatons.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the Research Ethics Council with reference 23/WA/0169. Data collected from the Childbirth Acquired Perineal Trauma (CHAPTER) cohort study will highlight the prevalence and type of complications after CRPT and which women are more at risk. After the conclusion of this study, findings will be used to work with governmental organisations and Royal Colleges to target resources and ultimately improve care.
Trio-based whole-exome sequencing reveals mutations in early-onset high myopia
Authors: Ye Lu , Guo Yi-Ming , Cai Yi-Xin , Wei Junhan , Huang Juan , Bi Jiejing , Chen Ding , Li Fen-Fen , Huang Xiu-Feng 
Published: May 2024

PurposeMyopia, especially high myopia (HM), represents a widespread visual impairment with a globally escalating prevalence. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic foundations associated with early-onset HM (eoHM) while delineating the genetic landscape specific to Shaanxi province, China.MethodsA comprehensive analysis of whole-exome sequencing was conducted involving 26 familial trios displaying eoHM. An exacting filtration protocol identified potential candidate mutations within acknowledged myopia-related genes and susceptibility loci. Subsequently, computational methodologies were employed for functional annotations and pathogenicity assessments.ResultsOur investigation identified 7 genes and 10 variants associated with HM across 7 families, including a novel mutation in theARR3gene (c.139C>T, p.Arg47*) and two mutations in theP3H2gene (c.1865T>C, p.Phe622Ser and c.212T>C, p.Leu71Pro). Pathogenic mutations were found in syndromic myopia genes, notably encompassingVPS13B,TRPM1, RPGR,NYXandRP2. Additionally, a thorough comparison of previously reported causative genes of syndromic myopia and myopia risk genes with the negative sequencing results pinpointed various types of mutations within risk genes.ConclusionsThis investigation into eoHM within Shaanxi province adds to the current understanding of myopic genetic factors. Our results warrant further functional validation and ocular examinations, yet they provide foundational insights for future genetic research and therapeutic innovations in HM.
Physical environmental roadway interventions and injury and death for vulnerable road users: a natural experiment in New York City
Authors: Roberts Leah E , Bushover Brady , Mehranbod Christina A , Gobaud Ariana N , Fish Carolyn , Eschliman Evan L , Gao Xiang , Zadey Siddhesh , Morrison Christopher N 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThis study examined the effectiveness of three physical environmental roadway interventions (enhanced crossings, speed humps, and turn traffic calming) in preventing crashes involving pedestrian and cyclist injury and mortality in New York City.MethodsWe examined crashes that occurred within a 100-foot radius of intervention and control sites from 2015 to 2019. We used a staggered difference-in-difference design to estimate the association between each intervention type and pedestrian and cyclist crash outcomes.ResultsEstimates for enhanced crossings and speed humps included the possibility of no association with crashes, but estimates for turn traffic calming interventions showed reduced odds of crashes involving pedestrian injury by 16% (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.95) and crashes involving pedestrian fatality by 80% (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.47). When stratifying by street segment length as a proxy for areas with high speeding risk, turn traffic calming treatments appeared to be most effective at intersections connected to long street segments.DiscussionTurn traffic calming may substantially reduce crash risks for pedestrians. Municipalities can prioritise this physical environmental intervention, especially at turns near long street segments, as a low-cost intervention with substantial public health impact.
Efficacy and safety of Ferrous iron on the prevention of Vascular cOgnitive impaiRment among patients with cerebral Infarction/TIA (FAVORITE): rationale and design of a multicentre randomised trial
Authors: Jia Qian , Lei Peng , Sun Li , Jia Wei Li , Pan Yuesong , Yuan Baoshi , Wang Yinkai , Zhou Qi , Meng Xia , Jing Jing , Lin Jinxi , Wang Anxin , Zhang Shuting , Hong Zhen , Yang Yu , Xiong Yunyun , Li Zixiao , Wang Yilong , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yongjun 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThe incidence of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is high in patients suffering from ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or with vascular risk factors. Effective prevention strategies for VCI remain limited. Anaemia or low haemoglobin was found as an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes after acute stroke. Anaemia or low haemoglobin was possibly associated with an increased risk of poststroke cognitive impairment. Whether supplement of ferrous iron to correct anaemia reduces the risk of VCI and improves adverse outcomes in patients with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease remains uncertain.AimWe aim to introduce the design and rationale of the safety and efficacy of Ferrous iron on the prevention of Vascular cOgnitive impaiRment in patients with cerebral Infarction or TIA (FAVORITE) trial.DesignFAVORITE is a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre trial that compares supplement of ferrous iron with placebo for recent minor stroke/TIA patients complicated with mild anaemia or iron deficiency: Ferrous succinate sustained-release tablet 0.2 g (corresponding to 70 mg of elemental iron) once daily after or during breakfast for 12 weeks or placebo with much the same colour, smell and size as ferrous iron once daily during or after breakfast for 12 weeks. All paticipants will be followed within the next year.Study outcomesThe primary effective outcome is the incidence of VCI at 3 months after randomisation and the primary safety outcome includes any gastrointestinal adverse event during 3 months.DiscussionThe FAVORITE trial will clarify whether supplement of ferrous iron to correct low haemoglobin reduces the risk of VCI in patients with recent ischaemic stroke or TIA complicated with mild anaemia or iron deficiency compared with placebo.Trial registration numberNCT03891277
Ecosystem structure and function of the North Water Polynya
Authors: Bryndum-Buchholz Andrea , Herbig Jennifer L. , Darnis Gérald , Geoffroy Maxime , Eddy Tyler D. 
Published: May 2024

The North Water Polynya is one of the most productive Arctic regions on Earth, sustaining the world's northernmost Inuit communities for millennia. The polynya is a large and persistent region of open water surrounded by sea ice and exhibits high primary productivity, is a biodiversity hotspot, and is a key habitat and migration corridor for Arctic species. Many aspects of the ecosystem structure and the role of resident species in the North Water Polynya remain uncertain. To shed light on these, we developed the first representation of the North Water Polynya food web using the Ecopath modelling framework. Modelled trophic flows indicated that pelagic and benthic communities were primarily connected by Age 1+ Arctic cod ( Boreogadus saida), walrus ( Odobenus rosmarus), and ringed seal ( Pusa hispida). Large copepods, Age 1+ Arctic cod, and bivalves were key prey species. Overall productivity in the North Water Polynya was higher compared to Western Baffin Bay and Western Greenland, corroborating expectations of relatively high productivity within the polynya. This model provides a baseline description of the North Water Polynya ecosystem structure and function prior to future climate-driven food web changes and the emergence of large-scale commercial fisheries.
An NJL model analysis of a magnetised nonextensive QCD medium
Authors: Islam Chowdhury Aminul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe investigate the effect of a background magnetic field when applied to a nonextensive QCD medium in a $$2+1$$

2
+
1

flavour Nambu— Jona-Lasinio model. The effect of a constant as well as an eB-dependent coupling is considered. For the constant coupling, the well-known magnetic catalysis effect is observed with reduced strength in both the condensates and the transition temperatures compared to the standard extensive medium. In the case of a field-dependent coupling, we observe a competition between the nonextensive parameter, q and eB. With sufficiently high q-values, the phenomenon of inverse magnetic catalysis —, a well-known trait in effective models featuring eB-dependent coupling, appears to be eliminated within the range of magnetic fields examined in our present study.
Cross sections and gamma cascades in $$^{77}$$Ge needed for background reduction in $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ experiments on $$^{76}$$Ge
Authors: Grabmayr Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe compound nucleus model is employed to calculate neutron capture on $$^{76}$$

76

Ge and the consecutive $$\gamma $$
γ
decay. Total, inelastic and capture cross sections are compared to experiments in order to restrict model parameters. The respective $$\gamma $$
γ
cascades are analyzed for possible background suppression schemes in future $$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

decay searches with germanium detectors. Neutron energies in the range from 0.2 keV to 5 MeV are investigated. The spin dependence of the $$\gamma $$
γ
cascades is proposed to be employed for determining the spin of thermal resonances.
SPINAS: spinor amplitude subroutines for constructive diagram evaluations
Authors: Christensen Neil 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSPINAS is a C++ package created for the implementation and numerical computation of phase-space points of constructive amplitudes in particle physics. This package contains a suite of classes and methods for handling particles, propagators, spinor products, and processes. SPINAS is structured to offer straightforward usability while ensuring maximum efficiency. This is achieved through a design that emphasizes the storage and reuse of intermediate results within amplitude calculations for each phase-space point. We include a user guide describing how to use the components, a complete example of how to use SPINAS for a scattering amplitude, a discussion of the design and implementation useful for those wishing to contribute, and a discussion of our validation of this package, including both a validation of individual components of the package and a comparison of a complete set of Standard Model processes with Feynman diagrams.
Constraining $$f({\mathcal {R}})$$ gravity by Pulsar SAX J1748.9-2021 observations
Authors: Nashed Gamal G. L. , Capozziello Salvatore 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe discuss spherically symmetric dynamical systems in the framework of a general model of $$f(\mathcal{R})$$

f
(
R
)

gravity, i.e. $$f(\mathcal{R})=\mathcal{R}e^{\zeta \mathcal{R}}$$

f

(
R
)

=
R

e

ζ
R

, where $$\zeta $$
ζ
is a dimensional quantity in squared length units [L$$^2$$

2

]. We initially assume that the internal structure of such systems is governed by the Krori–Barua ansatz, alongside the presence of fluid anisotropy. By employing astrophysical observations obtained from the pulsar SAX J1748.9-2021, derived from bursting X-ray binaries located within globular clusters, we determine that $$\zeta $$
ζ
is approximately equal to $$\pm 5$$

±
5

km$$^2$$

2

. In particular, the model is capable of producing stable configurations for SAX J1748.9-2021, encompassing both its geometric and physical characteristics. We show that, within the framework of $$f(\mathcal{R})$$

f
(
R
)

gravity, the Krori–Barua ansatz establishes semi-analytical connections between the radial ($$p_r$$

p
r

) and tangential ($$p_t$$

p
t

) pressures, and the density ($$\rho $$
ρ
). These relations are described as $$p_r\approx v_r^2 (\rho -\rho _{I})$$

p
r

≈

v
r
2

(
ρ
-

ρ
I

)

and $$p_t\approx v_t^2 (\rho -\rho _{II})$$

p
t

≈

v
t
2

(
ρ
-

ρ

II

)

. In this context, $$v_r$$

v
r

and $$v_t$$

v
t

denote the sound speeds in the radial and tangential directions, respectively. Meanwhile, $$\rho _I$$

ρ
I

pertains to the surface density, and $$\rho _{II}$$

ρ

II

is derived from the model parameters. These connections are consistent with the equations of state derived from the best-fit solutions identified in the ongoing investigation. Notably, within the framework of $$f(\mathcal{R})$$

f
(
R
)

gravity where $$\zeta $$
ζ
is negative, the maximum compactness, denoted as C, is inherently limited to values that do not exceed the Buchdahl limit. This contrasts with general relativity or $$f(\mathcal{R})$$

f
(
R
)

gravity with $$\zeta $$
ζ
positive, where the compactness has the potential to asymptotically reach the black hole threshold ($$C\rightarrow 1$$

C
→
1

). The model predictions suggest a central density that largely exceeds the saturation nuclear density, which is $$\rho _{\text {nuc}} = 3\times 10^{14}$$

ρ
nuc

=
3
×

10
14

g/cm$$^3$$

3

. Also the surface density $$\rho _I$$

ρ
I

surpasses $$\rho _{\text {nuc}}$$

ρ
nuc

. We obtain a mass-radius diagram, corresponding to the boundary density, which is consistent with other observational data.
Study of compact objects: a new analytical stellar model
Authors: Das Shyam , Chakraborty Koushik , Rahaman Farook , Majumder Shreya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we obtain analytical solutions of Einstein field equations for a spherically symmetric anisotropic matter distributions. For this purpose physically meaningful metric potential corresponds to $$g_{rr}$$

g

rr

and a particular choice of the anisotropy has been utilized to obtain the solutions in closed form. This class of solution has been used to characterized observed pulsars from different aspects. Smooth matching of interior spacetime metric with the exterior Schwarzschild metric and in addition with the condition of vanishing radial pressure across the boundary leads us to determine the model parameters. Pulsar $$4U1820-30$$

4
U
1820
-
30

with its current estimated data for mass and radius (Mass $$=1.58 M_\odot $$

=
1.58

M
⊙

and radius $$=9.1$$

=
9.1

km) has been allowed for testing the physical acceptability of our developed model. We have graphically analyzed the gross physical features of the observed pulsar. The stability of the model is also discussed under the conditions of causality, adiabatic index and generalized Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkov (TOV) equation under the forces acting on the system. Few more pulsars with their have been considered, to show that this model is compatible with observational data, and all the requirements of a realistic star are highlighted. Mass-radius (M–R) relationship have been generated for our model. The impact of anisotropy on the gross physical features of stars have been explored with the graphical presentation.
Comparing Outcomes of Thrombectomy Versus Intravenous Thrombolysis Based on Middle Cerebral Artery M2 Occlusion Features
Authors: Zhou Huan , Zhong Wansi , Zhang Tingxia , Xu Chenghua , Zhong Genlong , Xie Guomin , Zhang Bing , Chen Hongfang , Wang En , Xu Dongjuan , Cheng Chaochan , Yang Jiansheng , Lou Min , Yan Shenqiang ,   on behalf of the CASE-II Study Group
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Current evidence provides limited support for the superiority of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with M2 segment middle cerebral artery occlusion. We aim to investigate whether imaging features of M2 segment occlusion impact the effectiveness of EVT.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study from January 2017 to January 2022, drawing data from the CASE II registry (Computer-Based Online Database of Acute Stroke Patients for Stroke Management Quality Evaluation), which specifically documented patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting with M2 segment occlusion undergoing reperfusion therapy. Patients were stratified into the intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) group (IVT alone) and EVT group (IVT plus EVT or EVT alone). The primary outcome was a modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 2 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included additional thresholds and distribution of modified Rankin Scale scores, 24-hour recanalization, early neurological deterioration, and relevant complications during hospitalization. Safety outcomes encompassed intracranial hemorrhagic events at 24 hours and mortality at 90 days. Binary logistic regression analyses with propensity score matching were used. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the anatomic site of occlusion, including right versus left, proximal versus distal, dominant/co-dominant versus nondominant, single versus double/triple branch(es), and anterior versus central/posterior branch.

RESULTS:

Among 734 patients (43.3% were females; median age, 73 years) with M2 segment occlusion, 342 (46.6%) were in the EVT group. Propensity score matching analysis revealed no statistical difference in the primary outcome (odds ratio, 0.860 [95% CI, 0.611–1.209];
P
=0.385) between the EVT group and IVT group. However, EVT was associated with a higher incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (odds ratio, 6.655 [95% CI, 1.487–29.788];
P
=0.004) and pneumonia (odds ratio, 2.015 [95% CI, 1.364–2.977];
P
<0.001). Subgroup analyses indicated that patients in the IVT group achieved better outcomes when presenting with right, distal, or nondominant branch occlusion (
P
all interaction
<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study showed similar efficiency of EVT versus IVT alone in acute M2 segment middle cerebral artery occlusion. This suggested that only specific patient subpopulations might have a potentially higher benefit of EVT over IVT alone.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04487340.