bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychopathy and offence severity in sexually aggressive and violent youth
Authors: Fougere Amber , Potter Susan , Boutilier Joan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground A large proportion of violent crimes are committed by youths. Youths with psychopathic traits may have a higher risk for recidivism and violence.Aims/hypotheses Our aim was to compare sexually aggressive with violent young men on offence severity and psychopathy. Three hypotheses were proposed: first, young men with previous offences would display a progressive increase in seriousness of offence during their criminal career; secondly, the sexually aggressive and violent young men would not differ in scores on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV); but, thirdly, PCL:YV scores would be positively correlated with the severity of the index crime, as measured by the Cormier–Lang System for Quantifying Criminal History.Methods Information was collected from the files of 40 young men in conflict with the law, and the PCL:Youth Version (YV) rated from this by trained raters.Results The offences of these young men became more serious over time, but we found no association between PCL:YV scores and offence type or seriousness.Conclusions and implications This exploratory research suggests the importance of understanding the progression in offending careers, but a limited role for the PCL:YV in doing so. Given the small sample size, however, and the limit on access to information about details of age, the findings need replication. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First experience With the biostar‐device for various applications in pediatric patients With congenital heart disease
Authors: Hoehn Rene , Hesse Carola , Ince Hüseyin , Peuster Matthias 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground: Interventional closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) and surgical tunnel fenestrations in Fontan patients has become the procedure of choice for many years. Recently, the BioSTAR Occluder, a modification of the Starflex device with a resorbable matrix has become available. Patients: Ten Biostar devices were implanted in nine children with interatrial septal defects, one within a fontan baffle, eight with secundum atrial septal defects. The age of the patients ranged from 11 months to 17 years, the body weight ranged from 12.9–78 kg. Results: 10 BioSTAR devices were implanted in nine patients. In one patient, two BioSTAR devices were used to occlude multiple defects within the oval fossa. All defects were successfully and uneventfully occluded. Mean procedure time was 56 (range 28–125). Mean fluoroscopy time was 4.8 (range 1.1 to 13.0) min. None of the nine patients showed residual shunts after device implantation. After 30 days no shunt was seen in the control transthoracic echocardiography. No adverse effects like allergic reactions, tachyarrhythmia or thrombembolic events occurred in any of the patients. Conclusion: The BioSTAR closure device is a safe and effective device for the closure of a variety of interatrial shunts in children including multifenestrated interatrial defects and fontan fenestrations, however, possible long term consequences (e.g., fractures, recurrent shunts after scaffold degradation) remain to be studied. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microvascular obstruction after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Lee Chi‐Hang , Tse Hung‐Fat 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSuccessful revascularization of the epicardial coronary artery can be achieved in over 90% of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures. However, postprocedural microvascular obstruction, despite the presence of normal epicardial flow, remains an important limitation which substantially reduces the beneficial effects of PCI. In this review article, a number of different methods available to diagnose microvascular obstruction after PCI are outlined. We also discussed the various pharmacological and mechanical strategies to reduce the occurrence of microvascular obstruction. In this regard, pretreatment with antiplatelet therapy remains crucial. In urgent PCI for acute myocardial infarction, available data suggest that manual thrombus aspiration device is beneficial in reducing the occurrence of procedure‐related microvascular obstruction and possibly improve long‐term clinical outcomes.© 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autothermal Reforming of Methane in a Reverse‐Flow Reactor
Authors: Liu T. , Temur H. , Veser G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAutothermal methane reforming (ATR) is an alternative to steam reforming for synthesis gas and hydrogen production. It meets the intensive energy demand of methane reforming by combining exothermic oxidation and endothermic steam reforming. However, ATR runs into autothermal limitations if the water‐to‐oxygen feed ratio is increased to optimize hydrogen production. We have previously shown that regenerative heat integration in a reverse‐flow reactor (RFR) can overcome autothermal limitations in syngas production via catalytic partial oxidation of methane. Here, we extend our studies onto ATR in a RFR. Our results show that regenerative heat integration strongly increases the range of autothermal operation for ATR towards higher H2O:CH4 feed ratios. RFR operation allows for improved syngas yields and much higher H2/CO ratios in the product stream. Improvements are most pronounced for high flow rates, which makes ATR‐RFR particularly well suited to compact reactors for small‐scale and decentralized processes.
Multicomponent Mass Transfer Model for Supercritical Extraction: Application to Isopropyl Alcohol Production
Authors: Pfeuffer B. , Kunz U. , Hoffmann U. , Turek T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA multicomponent mass transfer model based on the generalized Maxwell‐Stefan equations (GMS) for an extraction process with supercritical fluids is presented. The solution is obtained from the differential film model equations rather than from an explicit expression for the fluxes. The approach presented here also provides concentration profiles along the diffusion path length, which allow rigorous consideration of the dependence of mass transfer coefficients and thermodynamic factors on concentration, if desired. The volume translated Peng‐Robinson equation of state is used along with a gE mixing rule (gE – molar excess Gibbs free energy) in order to account for strongly nonideal thermodynamics that necessarily arise in unstable liquid mixtures. The results show strong diffusional coupling effects for the system under consideration, propene (1)‐isopropyl alcohol (2)‐water (3). Finally, we demonstrate how diffusional coupling may provide options for process intensification.
Study of stability and thermodynamic properties for polychlorinated dihydrophezines by density functional theory
Authors: Liu Hong X. , Yang Guo Y. , Wang Zun Y. , Wang Lian S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe thermodynamic properties of 76 polychlorinated dihydrophezines (PCDPs) in the gaseous state at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa, have been calculated using the density functional theory (the BHANDHLYP/6‐31G*) with Gaussian 03 program. Based on these data, the isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate the standard formation heat (ΔfHθ), standard Gibbs free energy of formation (ΔfGθ) of PCDPs in the gaseous state. The relations of these thermodynamic parameters with the number and position of chlorine substituents (NPCS) were discussed, and it was found that there exist good correlation between thermodynamic parameters, including heat capacity at constant volume $(C_{\rm v}^\theta )$, entropy (Sθ), enthalpy (Hθ), free energy (Gθ), ΔfHθ, ΔfGθ, and NPCS. The relative stability order of PCDP congeners was theoretically proposed based on the relative magnitude of their ΔfGθ. In addition, the values of molar heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp,m) for PCDP congeners have been calculated.
Removal of Brill Red 5B from an aqueous solution using Cicca acida biomass
Authors: Karthik V. , Velan M. , Kumar M. Dharmendira , Renganathan S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe biosorption of Brill Red 5B from an aqueous solution, using Cicca acida plant's leaves was investigated in a batch system with the influence of pH (1–6), temperature (25–35°C) and initial dye concentration (10–100 mg/L). Maximum biosorption was observed at initial pH of 2.0, temperature of 30°C and at the initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L. Batch biosorption kinetic was studied using the pseudo first and pseudo‐second‐order rate equations. From the result, it was observed that pseudo‐second‐order rate expression fitted the experimental data well when compared to pseudo first order kinetic model. The intra‐particle diffusion coefficient (Ki) and effective diffusion coefficient (Di) values obtained for the sorption of Brill Red 5B using C. acida plant's leaves were found to be increased with increase in initial dye concentration.
Optimization of acrylonitrile removal by activated carbon‐granular using response surface methodology
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Prasad B. , Mishra I. M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA statistical Box–Behnken design of experiments was performed to evaluate the effects of individual operating variables and their interactions on the acrylonitrile (AN) removal of C0 = 100 mg/L as fixed input parameter. The variables examined in this study included activated carbon‐granular (AC) dosage, w, temperature, T, and time of contact, t. The significant variables and optimum conditions were identified (w = 4 g/L, T = 30°C, and t = 120 min with AN uptake of 23.97 mg/g of AC) from statistical analysis of the experimental results using response surface methodology (RSM).
Porous polymer monolith templated by small polymer molecules
Authors: Wu Zhiwang , Frederic Kyle J. , Talarico Mark , De Kee Daniel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPorous poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) monoliths have been prepared by UV‐initiated polymerization of PEGDA oligomer (Mn = 700 g/mol). In the mean time, the addition of hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide) (PPO, Mn = 725 g/mol) as porogen into an ethanol solution of PEGDA oligomer to form a homogenous mixture, causes a phase separation between PPO and PEGDA following removal of ethanol by UV heating. Porous PEGDA monolith was prepared by immediate heating at 300°C to remove PPO molecules from the as‐synthesized PEGDA/PPO hybrid. The micrometer pores of the PEGDA monolith have relatively concentrated pore size distribution according to the mercury intrusion porosimetry results and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM).
Confirmation of control valve stiction in interacting systems
Authors: Haoli Yu , Lakshminarayanan S. , Kariwala Vinay 
Published: July 2009

AbstractStiction in a control valve generates limit cycles which can propagate to the connecting units, resulting in plant‐wide oscillations and impacting the overall process performance. For stiction confirmation, Choudhury et al. [Choudhury et al., CJChE 2007;85:208–219] introduced the controller gain change method, which is based on the change in the oscillation frequency due to changes in the controller gain. In this paper, we show that this method can fail to accurately isolate and confirm the presence of the sticky valve in interacting multi‐input multi‐output systems. We propose a strategy based on the magnitude of relative change in oscillation frequency due to changes in controller gain to overcome the limitations of the existing method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using simulation studies.
Kinetic study of Fe removal from precipitated silica prepared from yellow phosphorus slag
Authors: Su Yi , Li Guo Bing , Xia Ju Pei 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis purification process may be described by the unreacted shrink core model with solid resultant (inert material) and fixed particle size, which is carried out by the action of nitric acid solution on the precipitated silica obtained from yellow phosphorus slag which was leached with phosphoric acid. The study results indicate that the purification process is a chemical reaction controlling step and its apparent activation energy Ea is 30.354 kJ/mol, with reaction order 0.6746.
A longitudinal study of children's aggressive behaviours based on multivariate mixed models with incomplete data
Authors: Wu Lang , Liu Wei , Liu Juxin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe authors consider children's behavioural and emotional problems and their relationships with possible predictors. They propose a multivariate transitional mixed‐effects model for a longitudinal study and simultaneously address non‐ignorable missing data in responses and covariates, measurement errors in covariates, and multivariate modelling of the responses and covariate processes. A real dataset is analysed in details using the proposed method with some interesting results. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 435–452; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada
Large deviations of multiclass M/G/1 queues
Authors: Dabrowski André , Lee Jiyeon , McDonald David R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractConsider a multiclass M/G/1 queue where queued customers are served in their order of arrival at a rate which depends on the customer class. We model this system using a chain with states represented by a tree. Since the service time distribution depends on the customer class, the stationary distribution is not of product form so there is no simple expression for the stationary distribution. Nevertheless, we can find a harmonic function on this chain which provides information about the asymptotics of this stationary distribution. The associated h‐transformation produces a change of measure that increases the arrival rate of customers and decreases the departure rate thus making large deviations common. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 327–346; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada
A phase 2 study of yttrium‐90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Jain Nitin , Wierda William , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Wong Franklin , Lerner Susan , Keating Michael , O'Brien Susan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with radio‐labeled monoclonal antibodies to CD20 produce a high response rate in patients with relapsed lymphoma. Use of this modality in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been hampered by the extensive marrow involvement seen in patients with CLL, which would produce a high risk for marrow aplasia after treatment with RIT. Patients with lymphoma and marrow involvement have been treated with RIT if involved marrow was less than 25% of the total marrow. Thus, we adapted this approach as consolidation therapy in patients with CLL responding to chemoimmunotherapy.METHODS:Fourteen patients with relapsed CLL either in partial remission or in complete remission but with disease documented by flow cytometry were treated with 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan.RESULTS:One patient responded and achieved a complete remission but with residual disease detected by flow cytometry. Of note was that grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity was seen in 12 of the 13 (92%) evaluable patients, with grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia noted in 11 (85%) of the patients. In addition, myelosuppression was prolonged with a median duration of grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia of 37 days. Five patients had persistent thrombocytopenia 3 months post‐therapy.CONCLUSIONS:Even in patients with CLL and limited marrow involvement, the use of RIT results in unacceptable hematologic toxicity. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of hospitalization risk and associated costs among patients receiving sargramostim, filgrastim, and pegfilgrastim for chemotherapy‐Induced neutropenia
Authors: Heaney Mark L. , Toy Edmond L. , Vekeman Francis , Laliberté François , Dority Bree L. , Perlman Daniel , Barghout Victoria , Duh Mei Sheng 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Sargramostim is a granulocyte‐macrophage–colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). Unlike filgrastim and pegfilgrastim, which are granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factors (G‐CSFs), sargramostim activates a broader range of myeloid lineage‐derived cells. Therefore, GM‐CSF might reduce infection risk more than the G‐CSFs. This study compared real‐world infection‐related hospitalization rates and costs in patients using G/GM‐CSF for chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia.METHODS:This retrospective matched‐cohort study analyzed nationally representative health insurance claims in the United States from 2000 through 2007. The sample population included patients who received chemotherapy and G/GM‐CSF. G/GM‐CSF treatment episodes began with the first administration of G/GM‐CSF and ended when a subsequent administration was >28 days after a prior administration. Sargramostim patients were matched 1:1 with filgrastim and pegfilgrastim patients based on gender and birth year. Outcomes included infection‐related hospitalization rates and the associated costs. Hospitalization rates were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Poisson methods; covariates included myelosuppressive agents received, tumor type, anemia, and comorbidities.RESULTS:A total of 990 sargramostim‐filgrastim and 982 sargramostim‐pegfilgrastim matched pairs were analyzed. Cohorts were similar with regard to age, gender, and comorbid conditions. Several differences were observed with regard to tumor type, anemia, and chemotherapy, but no systematic trends were apparent. Sargramostim patients experienced a 56% lower risk of infection‐related hospitalizations compared with filgrastim and pegfilgrastim patients. Infection‐related hospitalization costs were 84% and 62% lower for sargramostim patients compared with patients treated with filgrastim and pegfilgrastim, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Among patients with or at risk for chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia, these data indicated that use of sargramostim was associated with a reduced risk of infection‐related hospitalization and lower associated costs compared with filgrastim or pegfilgrastim. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Randomized controlled trials of the efficacy of lung cancer screening by sputum cytology revisited
Authors: Doria‐Rose V. Paul , Marcus Pamela M. , Szabo Eva , Tockman Melvyn S. , Melamed Myron R. , Prorok Philip C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Two randomized controlled trials of lung cancer screening initiated in the 1970s, the Johns Hopkins Lung Project and the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Lung Study, compared 1 arm that received annual chest X‐ray and 4‐monthly sputum cytology (dual‐screen) to a second arm that received annual chest X‐ray only. Previous publications from these trials reported similar lung cancer mortality between the 2 groups. However, these findings were based on incomplete follow‐up, and each trial on its own was underpowered to detect a modest mortality benefit.METHODS:The authors estimated the efficacy of lung cancer screening with sputum cytology in an intention‐to‐screen analysis of lung cancer mortality, using combined data from these trials (n = 20,426).RESULTS:Over ½ of squamous cell lung cancers diagnosed in the dual‐screen group were identified by cytology; these cancers tended to be more localized than squamous cancers diagnosed in the X‐ray only arm. After 9 years of follow‐up, lung cancer mortality was slightly lower in the dual‐screen than in the X‐ray only arm (rate ratio [RR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74‐1.05). Reductions were seen for squamous cell cancer deaths (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.54‐1.14) and in the heaviest smokers (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67‐1.00). There were also fewer deaths from large cell carcinoma in the dual‐screen group, although the reason for this is unclear.CONCLUSIONS:These data are suggestive of a modest benefit of sputum cytology screening, although we cannot rule out chance as an explanation for these findings. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Addition of muramyl tripeptide to chemotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed metastatic osteosarcoma
Authors: Chou Alexander J. , Kleinerman Eugenie S. , Krailo Mark D. , Chen Zhengjia , Betcher Donna L. , Healey John H. , Conrad Ernest U. , Nieder Michael L. , Weiner Michael A. , Wells Robert J. , Womer Richard B. , Meyers Paul A. ,   on behalf of the Children's Oncology Group
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The addition of liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP‐PE) to chemotherapy has been shown to improve overall survival in patients with nonmetastatic osteosarcoma (OS). The authors report the results of addition of liposomal MTP‐PE to chemotherapy for patients with metastatic OS.METHODS:Intergroup‐0133 was a prospective randomized phase 3 trial for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with OS. The authors compared 3‐drug chemotherapy with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and high‐dose methotrexate (Regimen A) to the same 3 drugs with the addition of ifosfamide (Regimen B). The addition of liposomal MTP‐PE to chemotherapy was evaluated.RESULTS:Five‐year event‐free survival (EFS) for patients who received liposomal MTP‐PE (n = 46) was 42% versus 26% for those who did not (n = 45) (relative risk for liposomal MTP‐PE, 0.72; P = .23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42‐1.2). The 5‐year overall survival for patients who received MTP‐PE versus no MTP‐PE was 53% and 40%, respectively (relative risk for liposomal MTP‐PE, 0.72; P = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.40‐1.3). The comparison of Regimen A with Regimen B did not suggest a difference for EFS (35% vs 34%, respectively; relative risk for Regimen B, 1.07; P = .79; 95% CI, 0.62‐1.8) or overall survival (52% vs 43%, respectively; relative risk for Regimen B, 1.1, P = .75; 95% CI, 0.61‐2.0).CONCLUSIONS:When the metastatic cohort was considered in isolation, the addition of liposomal MTP‐PE to chemotherapy did not achieve a statistically significant improvement in outcome. However, the pattern of outcome is similar to the pattern in nonmetastatic patients. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Multimodality therapy for locoregional extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Fuller Clifton D. , Wang Samuel J. , Choi Mehee , Czito Brian G. , Cornell John , Welzel Tania M. , McGlynn Katherine A. , Luh Join Y. , Thomas Charles R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, the majority of patients present with advanced disease. Due in part to numeric rarity, the optimum role of radiotherapy (RT) for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, as well as its relative benefit, is an area of debate. The specific aim of this series was to estimate survival for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients receiving surgery and adjuvant RT using a robust population‐based data set.METHODS:Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) limited‐use data set for selected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cases. Lognormal multivariate survival analysis was implemented to estimate survival for patients for treatment cohorts based on extent of surgical intervention and RT.RESULTS:Parametric estimated median survival for patients receiving total/radical resection + RT was 26 months; it was 25 months for total/radical resection alone, 25 months for subtotal/debulking resection + RT, 21 months for subtotal/debulking resection, 12 months for RT alone, and 9 months for those not receiving surgery or RT. Parametric multivariate analysis revealed age, American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage, grade, and surgical/radiation regimen as statistically significant covariates with survival. Surgery alone and adjuvant RT cohorts demonstrated evidence of improved survival compared with no treatment; comparatively, RT alone was associated with survival decrement. Early improvement in survival in adjuvant cohorts was not observed at later time points.CONCLUSIONS:Survival estimates using SEER data suggest an early survival advantage for adjuvant RT for patients with locoregional extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Although future prospective series are needed to confirm these observations, SEER data represent the largest domestic population‐based extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cohort, and may provide useful baseline survival estimates for future studies. Cancer 2009. Published 2009 by the American Cancer Society.