bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Event‐Free Survival Following CRT with Surgically Implanted LV Leads Versus Standard Transvenous Approach
Authors: MILLER AMY L. , KRAMER DANIEL B. , LEWIS ELDRIN F. , KOPLAN BRUCE , EPSTEIN LAURENCE M. , TEDROW USHA 
Published: April 2011

Background:
While surgical epicardial lead placement is performed in a subset of cardiac resynchronization therapy patients, data comparing survival following surgical versus transvenous lead placement are limited. We hypothesized that surgical procedures would be associated with increased mortality risk.
Methods:
Long‐term event‐free survival was assessed for 480 consecutive patients undergoing surgical (48) or percutaneous (432) left ventricle (LV) lead placement at our institution from January 2000 to September 2008.
Results:
Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics were similar between groups. While there was no statistically significant difference in overall event‐free survival (P = 0.13), when analysis was restricted to surgical patients with isolated surgical lead placement (n = 28), event‐free survival was significantly lower in surgical patients (P = 0.015). There appeared to be an early risk (first approximately 3 months postimplantation) with surgical lead placement, primarily in LV lead‐only patients. Event rates were significantly higher in LV lead‐only surgical patients than in transvenous patients in the first 3 months (P = 0.006). In proportional hazards analysis comparing isolated surgical LV lead placement to transvenous lead placement, adjusted hazard ratios were 1.8 ([1.1,2.7] P = 0.02) and 1.3 ([1.0,1.7] P = 0.07) for the first 3 months and for the full duration of follow‐up, respectively.
Conclusions:
Isolated surgical LV lead placement appears to carry a small but significant upfront mortality cost, with risk extending beyond the immediate postoperative period. Long‐term survival is similar, suggesting those surviving beyond this period of early risk derive the same benefit as coronary sinus lead recipients. Further work is needed to identify risk factors associated with early mortality following surgical lead placement. (PACE 2011; 34:490–500)
Risk Assessment of R‐on‐T Event Based on Modeled QT‐RR Relationship
Authors: LIAN JIE , MUESSIG DIRK , LANG VOLKER 
Published: April 2011

Background: R‐on‐T event is a well‐known trigger of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). We propose a method to estimate the risk of R‐on‐T event from the inter‐beat (RR) intervals based on modeled QT‐RR relationship.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the Spontaneous Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Database and the HAWAI Registry, which include a total of 397 RR interval recordings from 116 implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients. For each RR interval time series, QT intervals were estimated from the weighted average of preceding RR intervals using Bazett, Fridericia, and linear formulas. The risk score (RS) of each cycle was calculated to quantify the probability of R‐on‐T event based on the timing of R‐wave relative to the estimated T‐end. We identified 52,440 ectopic beats (EBs) episodes, 280 nonsustained VT (NSVT) episodes, and 352 sustained VT/VF episodes. The RS of episode onset and the prematurity index (PMI) of the initiating beat were compared.
Results: Using different QT‐RR models, R‐on‐T events were respectively detected in 9% EB, 45% NSVT, 69% VT/VF (Bazett); in 6% EB, 41% NSVT, 65% VT/VF (Fridericia); and in 7% EB, 42% NSVT, 66% VT/VF (linear). No R‐on‐T event was found in normal beats. Consistent among three QT‐RR models, the RS of episode onset rises sharply from EB to NSVT and to VT/VF episodes. In contrast, no trend in PMI is found.
Conclusions: The risk of R‐on‐T can be estimated from RR intervals, based on modeled QT‐RR relationship. An episode onset with higher RS has increased risk of developing into NSVT or VT/VF. (PACE 2011; 700–708)
Evaluations of epithelial sealing and peri‐implant epithelial down‐growth around “step‐type” implants
Authors: Atsuta Ikiru , Ayukawa Yasunori , Ogino Yoichiro , Moriyama Yasuko , Jinno Yohei , Koyano Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Objective: Implant designs that can stimulate and integrate with an epithelial wound‐healing process may significantly enhance the efficacy of dental implants. Here, we evaluated the potential of “step‐type” implant systems to improve the sealing between the peri‐implant epithelium (PIE) and the implant surface, and investigated the effect of implant structure on PIE down‐growth.
Materials and methods: Right maxillary first molars were extirpated from rats and implanted with either a straight‐type or a step‐type implant varying in step height and/or width (Ns: 0.8 mm height, 0.1 mm width; Ws: 0.8 mm height, 0.2 mm width; Hs: 0.4 mm height, 0.1 mm width). Maxillae were harvested at various time points over 16 weeks to evaluate laminin‐5 distribution as an indicator of wound healing and PIE formation, horse‐radish peroxidase (HRP) penetration as a measurement of epithelial sealing, and PIE down‐growth formation.
Results: In all implant models, the PIE formed from the oral sulcular epithelium and spread apically along the implant surface. In the Ws group, HRP penetration was detected only in the coronal region of the PIE at 4 weeks, whereas in the straight‐type, it was observed in the apical region and the connective tissue. At 16 weeks, the Ws implants exhibited markedly less PIE down‐growth than the Con, Ns or Hs implants, and were equivalent to that observed in natural teeth.
Conclusion: The step‐type implant system may have the potential for improving epithelial sealing at the tissue–implant interface, as well as reducing apical PIE down‐growth, thus enhancing dental implant efficacy.
To cite this article: Atsuta I, Ayukawa Y, Ogino Y, Moriyama Y, Jinno Y, Koyano K. Evaluations of epithelial sealing and peri‐implant epithelial down‐growth around “step‐type” implants. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012 459–466 doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02163.x
Torque removal evaluation of prosthetic screws after tightening and loosening cycles: an in vitro study
Authors: Cardoso Mayra , Torres Marcelo Ferreira , Lourenço Eduardo José Veras , de Moraes Telles Daniel , Rodrigues Renata Cristina Silveira , Ribeiro Ricardo Faria 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation in removal torque of implant prosthetic abutment screws after successive tightening and loosening cycles, in addition to evaluating the influence of the hexagon at the abutment base on screw removal torque.
Material and methods: Twenty hexagonal abutments were tightened to 20 regular external hex implants with a titanium alloy screw, with an insertion torque of 32 N cm, measured with a digital torque gauge. The implant/abutment/screw assemblies were divided into two groups: (1) abutments without hexagon at the base and (2) abutments with a hexagon at the base. Each assembly received a provisional restoration and was submitted to mechanical loading cycles. After this, the screws were removed and the removal torque was measured. This sequence was repeated 10 times, then the screw was replaced by a new one, and another cycle was performed. Linear regression analysis was performed.
Results: Removal torque values tended to decrease as the number of insertion/removal cycles increased, for both groups. Comparisons of the slopes and the intercepts between groups showed no statistical difference. There was no significant difference between the mean values of last five cycles and the 11th cycle. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it was concluded that (1) repeated insertion/removal cycles promoted gradual reduction in removal torque of screws, (2) replacing the screw with a new one after 10 cycles did not increase resistance to loosening, and (3) removal of the hexagon from the abutment base had no effect on the removal torque of the screws.
To cite this article: Cardoso M, Torres MF, Lourenço EJV, de Moraes Telles D, Rodrigues RCS, Ribeiro RF. Torque removal evaluation of prosthetic screws after tightening and loosening cycles: an in vitro study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012 475–480. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02165.x
Immediate implant placement in molar regions: risk factors for early failure
Authors: Urban Thomas , Kostopoulos Lambros , Wenzel Ann 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Objectives: To identify risk factors for early failure of immediately placed implants in molar regions associated with three bone regenerative techniques.
Methods: Ninety‐two patients (44 women and 48 men; mean age 50 years, 35 smokers and 57 non‐smokers) in need of a single implant crown to replace a molar were included. After placing the implant, patients were randomized to one of three treatment groups for bone reconstruction of remaining periimplant defects: Autologous bone (AB) chips, Ossix membrane (OM) or a combination of AB chips and OM. The implant was submerged, and after 4 months of healing a re‐entry surgery was made to connect a healing abutment. Implants with a dehiscence on ≥2 sites (mesial/distal/oral/buccal) together with≥50% visible threads, were judged as failures. A series of simple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for failure among the following independent variables: sex, jaw, smoking status, plaque, bleeding on probing, fistula, extraction reason, mean initial periimplant defect size, treatment group, implant length, buccal bone dehiscence (BBD), soft‐tissue dehiscence and infection. The identified risk factors entered a multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results: Fifteen implants failed before abutment operation (13 explantations/two non‐osseointegrated). Treatment group had no impact on failure. Risk factors for failure were: Smoking >10 cigarettes/day (odds ratio [OR]=9.29, confidence interval [CI]=1.21–71.16), BBD (OR=11.43, CI=1.34–97.74) and infection (OR=36.7, CI=2.75–489.31).
Conclusions: Implants placed immediately after extraction of a molar were associated with a high risk for failure at abutment operation. There was no difference in failure rate between three bone reconstructive techniques.
To cite this article: Urban T, Kostopoulos L, Wenzel A. Immediate implant placement in molar regions: risk factors for early failure. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 220–227.  doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02167.x
A study of effectiveness of midazolam sedation for prevention of myocardial arrhythmias in endosseous implant placement
Authors: Romano Marcelo Munhóes , Soares Mario Sergio , Pastore Carlos Alberto , Tornelli Mauricio José , de Oliveira Guaré Renata , Adde Carlos Alberto 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Purpose: The study aimed to assess electrocardiographic alterations during oral implant placement surgeries under local anesthesia (lidocaine chlorhydrate with epinephrine), using 15 mg of midazolam as an anxiolytic premedication.
Material and methods: The study randomly selected 20 patients, aged 21–50 years old, requiring bilateral mandibular dental implants. Each patient was assessed using placebo on one side and midazolam on the contralateral side, with random, double‐blinded distribution. The electrocardiogram recorded 12 static leads every 2 min, while D2 derivations were recorded continuously.
Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between the placebo and midazolam when analyzing the morphological behavior of the electrocardiographic wave and the presence of arrhythmias during the experiment. However, under sedation, assessment of the behavior of electrocardiographic parameters during different stages of the procedure revealed statistically significant differences (P<0.05) for heart rate, P‐wave amplitude and duration of the RR and QTc intervals. The arrhythmias detected were considered low risk for patients without systemic alterations and were observed in 53.3% of patients. The most frequently occurring alterations were tachycardia, bradycardia, supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles and blocked atrial extrasystole, which were similar for both placebo and midazolam, with the greatest incidence during the initial, incision and bone drilling stages.
Conclusion: The use of 15 mg of midazolam made no difference compared with the placebo. The use of 15 mg of midazolam did not show an advantage in the incidence of arrhythmias The anxiolytic premedication does not prevent myocardial arrhythmias in endosseous implant placement. The clinical significance of the arrhythmias may not represent serious risks.
To cite this article: Romano MM, Soares MS, Pastore CA, Tornelli MJ, de Oliveira Guaré R, Adde CA. A study of effectiveness of midazolam sedation for prevention of myocardial arrhythmias in endosseous implant placement. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012 489–495. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02171.x
Activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain is increased by chronic administration of antidepressants
Authors: Scaini Giselli , Maggi Débora D. , De-Nês Bruna T. , Gonçalves Cinara L. , Ferreira Gabriela K. , Teodorak Brena P. , Bez Gisele D. , Ferreira Gustavo C. , Schuck Patricia F. , Quevedo João , Streck Emilio L. 
Published: April 2011

Objective:Depressive disorders, including major depression, are serious and disabling for affected patients. Although the neurobiological understanding of major depressive disorder focuses mainly on the monoamine hypothesis, the exact pathophysiology of depression is not fully understood.Methods:Animals received daily intra-peritoneal injections of paroxetine (10 mg/kg), nortriptyline (15 mg/kg) or venlafaxine (10 mg/kg) in 1.0 ml/kg volume for 15 days. Twelve hours after the last injection, the rats were killed by decapitation, where the brain was removed and homogenised. The activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in different brain structures were measured.Results:We first verified that chronic administration of paroxetine increased complex I activity in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex. In addition, complex II activity was increased by the same drug in hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex and complex IV activity in prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, chronic administration of nortriptyline increased complex II activity in hippocampus and striatum and complex IV activity in prefrontal cortex, striatum and cerebral cortex. Finally, chronic administration of venlafaxine increased complex II activity in hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex and complex IV activity in prefrontal cortex.Conclusion:On the basis of the present findings, it is tempting to speculate that an increase in brain energy metabolism by the antidepressant paroxetine, nortriptyline and venlafaxine could play a role in the mechanism of action of these drugs. These data corroborate with other studies suggesting that some antidepressants modulate brain energy metabolism.
Perspective taking in Korsakoff's syndrome: the role of executive functioning and task complexity
Authors: Oosterman Joukje M. , de Goede Maartje , Wester Arie J. , van Zandvoort Martine J. E. , Kessels Roy P. C. 
Published: April 2011

Oosterman JM, de Goede M, Wester AJ, van Zandvoort MJE, Kessels RPC. Perspective taking in Korsakoff's syndrome: the role of executive functioning and task complexity.Objective: The ability to make inferences about knowledge, thoughts and feelings of others, i.e. perspective taking, is a key element of social cognition. Clinical observations indicate that Korsakoff patients may have impairments in social cognition, but studies are scarce. Also, executive dysfunction is present in Korsakoff patients, which may hamper perspective taking directly.Methods: Twenty-three patients with Korsakoff's syndrome and 15 healthy matched controls were examined on a story comprehension task, in which inferences had to be made that either relied on perspective taking or not. The effects of task complexity were taken into account and executive function was assessed using an extensive neuropsychological test battery.Results: The performance of Korsakoff patients declined with increasing complexity, but the pattern of decline for perspective-taking and non-perspective-taking stories was similar compared to that of the control group. Furthermore, the performance decline with increasing task complexity was directly related to the overall decline in executive functioning.Conclusion: Executive dysfunction, not deficits in perspective taking per se, appears to underlie difficulties in story comprehension in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome.
Dental age assessment in orthodontic patients with and without skeletal malocclusions
Authors: Celikoglu M , Erdem A , Dane A , Demirci T 
Published: April 2011

To cite this article:
Celikoglu M, Erdem A, Dane A, Demirci T:  Dental age assessment in orthodontic patients with and without skeletal malocclusions  Orthod Craniofac Res 2011;14:58–62Structured AbstractAuthors –  Celikoglu M, Erdem A, Dane A, Demirci TBackground –  The aim of this report was to investigate the dental development in an orthodontic patient population with and without different sagittal skeletal malocclusions.Setting and Sample Population –  Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Turkey.Material and Methods –  A retrospective study was performed on a sample of panoramic radiographs taken from 525 orthodontic patients (Class II: 186, Class III: 177, Class I: 162) aged between 9.00 and 15.00 years. Dental age (DA) from panoramic radiographs was assessed. Statistical analyses showing the differences between chronological age (CA) and DA were compared by using the one‐way anova, paired, and Student’s t‐tests.Results –  Both genders were advanced in dental maturity when compared with the reference samples (p = 0.000). The mean difference between CA and DA in orthodontic patients with different skeletal malocclusions was approximately twice the difference in the Class I group. However, the difference between CA and DA was statistically significant for girls in Class III group (p = 0.021).Conclusion –  The results of this study showed that DA of patients with sagittal skeletal malocclusions was approximately twice more advanced when compared with patients without sagittal skeletal anomaly patterns.
Neonatal polycythaemia: critical review and a consensus statement of the Israeli Neonatology Association
Authors: Mimouni Francis B , Merlob Paul , Dollberg Shaul , Mandel Dror ,   On behalf of the Israeli Neonatal Association
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to critically review neonatal polycythaemia (NP) literature, in terms of definition, diagnosis and management. We reviewed all Medline articles on NP up to December 2009. (i) The textbook definition of NP [venous haematocrit (HCT) > 65%] is empirical and not based on statistical definition, symptoms or complications. (ii) Measurement of viscosity is not better than HCT in predicting complications. (iii) Normovolaemic NP because of increased erythropoiesis may be different from hypervolaemic polycythaemia because of excessive foetal transfusion. (iv) Coexisting hypoglycaemia may worsen long‐term outcome. (v) Four clinical trials (CTs) studied partial exchange transfusion (PET) on outcomes. In all trials, PET was performed after 6 h of life. There is no evidence that PET improves neurodevelopmental outcome of asymptomatic NP, and it might increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis. These CTs have inherent design flaws: (a) CNS ‘damage’ may occur before PET. (b) Confounding variables that may affect outcome have not been studied. (vi) If PET is performed, normal saline is the best alternative. (vii) The long‐term effect of PET on symptomatic infants has not been studied.Conclusion:  Current definition and management of NP are little evidence based, thus the need for a consensus based on expert opinion.
The Human Body and Human Happiness in Aquinas's Summa Theologiae
Authors: Trabbic Joseph G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThere appears to be no serious treatment of the positive role played by the body in Aquinas's account of human happiness. This would seem to be a significant gap in the literature given Aquinas's well known insistence on the human person as a body-soul unity. This paper aims at taking a first step in filling-in the gap by considering Aquinas's discussion of the body's part in human happiness in the Secunda Pars of the Summa theologiae. In particular it considers the place of the body in each of the three different forms of happiness that Aquinas talks about there. It is perhaps the role of the body in the third form of happiness – the perfect happiness of the beatific vision – that is most crucial to understand since this is human happiness simpliciter. Although the body has a part to play here too, Aquinas's understanding of it is not without problems.
Use of polymethylmethacrylate as permanent filling agent in the jaw, mouth and face regions – implications for dental practice
Authors: Vargas Karlon F. , Borghetti Ruchielli L. , Moure Sabrina P. , Salum Fernanda Gonçalves , Cherubini Karen , de Figueiredo Maria Antonia Z. 
Published: April 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00479.x

Use of polymethylmethacrylate as permanent filling agent in the jaw, mouth and face regions – implications for dental practiceObjectives:  This article is a review of PMMA focusing on its properties, indications, contra‐indications and adverse effects.Background:  The search to remain young is a constant attitude among Brazilians. The low cost of filling agents have stimulated its indiscriminate use, especially the bioplasty (non‐incisional method). Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is the cosmetic filling agent of choice, because of its low cost, easy access and simple application technique. The impact on dentistry and orofacial medicine needs further awareness.Conclusion:  The article aims to draw the attention of odontology and medical professionals to the product's applicability and its possible complications.
Orientalism Reconsidered: China and the Chinese in Nineteenth‐Century Literature and Victorian Studies
Authors: Fiske Shanyn 
Published: April 2011

AbstractUntil very recently, critical attention to literary relations and aesthetic exchanges between Britain and China in the 19th century has been scant. However with the current shifting of focus in Victorian studies away from canonical, mainstream concerns toward the disenfranchised people and productions that inhabited the vibrant, often carnivalesque, world of popular culture, China has made its way – if not into the floodlights – at least into the well‐lit recesses of literary‐critical consciousness. This essay provides both an overview of China’s pervasive influence on British life and letters in the 19th century as well as an assessment of scholarship in the developing field of Sino‐British studies. Aside from surveying a number of approaches to this relatively new field of inquiry, I suggest that past critical neglect of 19th‐century, Sino‐British literary relations is, in one part, residual from the seemingly dismissive, at times sinophobic, and overwhelmingly negative attitudes of the Victorians toward China and, in another part, to China’s awkward situation within a dominant theoretical framework of Orientalism that largely fails to account for the cultural and historical nuances of its special relations with the West. In offering an overview both of China’s appearance in Victorian literature and of the developing field of Sino‐British studies, this essay aims not only to draw attention to a previously overlooked aspect of Victorian literature and culture but to suggest the vital revisions of critical perspective occasioned by its exploration.