bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antithrombotic therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and mechanical heart valves
Authors: Eikelboom John W. , Hart Robert G. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCardioembolic strokes account for one‐sixth of all strokes and are an important potentially preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. Vitamin K antagonists (e.g., warfarin) are effective for the prevention of cardioembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and in those with mechanical heart valves but because of their inherent limitations are underutilized and often suboptimally managed. Antiplatelet therapies have been the only alternatives to warfarin for stroke prevention in AF but although they are safer and more convenient they are much less efficacious. The advent of new oral anticoagulant drugs offers the potential to reduce the burden of cardioembolic stroke by providing access to effective, safe, and more convenient therapies. New oral anticoagulants have begun to replace warfarin for stroke prevention in some patients with AF, based on the favorable results of recently completed phase III randomized controlled trials, and provide for the first time an alternative to antiplatelet therapy for patients deemed unsuitable for warfarin. The promise of the new oral anticoagulants in patients with mechanical heart valves is currently being tested in a phase II trial. If efficacy and safety are demonstrated, the new oral anticoagulants will provide an alternative to warfarin for patients with mechanical heart valves and may also lead to increased use of mechanical valves for patients who would not have received them in the past because of the requirement for long term warfarin therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fabrication and properties of degradable poly(amino acid)/nano hydroxyapatite bioactive composite
Authors: Zhao Zhitong , Shan Wenpeng , Zhang Yunfei , Li Xiangde , Ma Jian , Yan Yonggang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPoly(amino acid)/nano hydroxyapatite (PAA/n‐HA) bioactive composite was prepared by in situ melting polymerization. The composition, structure and morphology as well as glass transition temperature (Tg), dynamic mechanical properties of the PAA/n‐HA composite were characterized by infrared spectrometer, X‐ray diffractometer, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimeter, and dynamic mechanical analyzer. The results indicated that the n‐HA particles were uniformly distributed into PAA matrix and some interactions were found at the interface between PAA and n‐HA, and the crystallinity of PAA in the composite decreased with the increase of n‐HA content. The Tg and storage modulus of the composite increased with increasing n‐HA content, demonstrating that the n‐HA content had obvious effects on the crystallization kinetic parameters and thermo properties of the PAA/n‐HA composite. In addition, the n‐HA amount had evident effects on the degradation of the PAA/n‐HA composite in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and the weight loss ratio of the composite decreased with the increase with n‐HA content. The pH value of the medium was stable around 7.40 after the composite immersion into PBS for 8 weeks. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Explicit Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Quadratic Linearization
Authors: Ayalur Krishnamoorthy Parvathy , Vijayarajan Kamaraj , Devanathan Rajagopalan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe existing necessary and sufficient conditions for quadratic linearization of control affine systems are in effect, constructive in nature. The exception is the classical result, which requires one to check involutive properties of distributions of the quadratic polynomials to be linearized. Nevertheless, the latter condition is difficult to verify. In this paper, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for quadratic linearization that are not constructive but are based on checking a linear system of equations involving quadratic polynomial terms only. The system needs only to be put in controller normal form of the linear part which is known. Thus, the result is verifiable and explicit. Also, if required, once the quadratic linearization conditions are met, we show how to construct the coordinate and state feedback transformation to implement the linearization.
Importance of specimen length during temporal artery biopsy (Br J Surg 2011; 98: 1556–1560)
Authors: Rohman L , Phillips A W 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
The Effect of Shame and Shame Memories on Paranoid Ideation and Social Anxiety
Authors: Matos Marcela , Pinto‐Gouveia José , Gilbert Paul 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundSocial wariness and anxiety can take different forms. Paranoid anxiety focuses on the malevolence of others, whereas social anxiety focuses on the inadequacies in the self in competing for social position and social acceptance. This study investigates whether shame and shame memories are differently associated with paranoid and social anxieties.MethodShame, traumatic impact of shame memory, centrality of shame memory, paranoia and social anxiety were assessed using self‐report questionnaires in 328 participants recruited from the general population.ResultsResults from path analyses show that external shame is specifically associated with paranoid anxiety. In contrast, internal shame is specifically associated with social anxiety. In addition, shame memories, which function like traumatic memories, or that are a central reference point to the individual's self‐identity and life story, are significantly associated with paranoid anxiety, even when current external and internal shame are considered at the same time. Thus, traumatic impact of shame memory and centrality of shame memory predict paranoia (but not social anxiety) even when considering for current feelings of shame.ConclusionOur study supports the evolutionary model suggesting there are two different types of ‘conspecific’ anxiety, with different evolutionary histories, functions and psychological processes. Paranoia, but less so social anxiety, is associated with traumatic impact and the centrality of shame memories. Researchers and clinicians should distinguish between types of shame memory, particularly those where the self might have felt vulnerable and subordinate and perceived others as threatening and hostile, holding malevolent intentions towards the self. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner MessageShame and shame memories are distinctively related to paranoia and social anxiety.External shame is especially associated with paranoid ideation, whereas internal shame is specifically linked to social anxiety.The historical route of shame memories, especially those structured as traumatic and central memories to personal identity and life story, may play a significant role in paranoia, perhaps more so than in social anxiety.Therapy for paranoia or social anxiety should integrate strategies to work with shame.Therapeutic interventions with patients experiencing paranoid anxiety should evaluate and address their shame memories, particularly those that function as traumatic and central memories to their self‐identity and life narrative.
The need for complex ideas in anorexia nervosa: Why biology, environment, and psyche all matter, why therapists make mistakes, and why clinical benchmarks are needed for managing weight correction
Authors: Strober Michael , Johnson Craig 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAnorexia nervosa remains an enigma and its clinical challenge is intimidating. But the potential for new insights has been advancing, largely as a result of elegant research in the neurosciences that has modeled behavioral processes resembling key features of the illness. Unfortunately, many in the eating disorder field seem to know little of this work or the implication it holds for treatment philosophy. Instead, the knowledge void has been taken up recently by a host of misguided notions about etiology, blatantly dismissive attitudes toward psychological concepts, and ill‐conceived beliefs about therapy priorities. This article is a clinical perspective on these issues. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Klebsiellapneumoniae (NBRC 3319) Mediated Asymmetric Reduction of α‐Substituted β‐Oxo Esters and Its Application to the Enantioiselective Synthesis of Small‐Ring Carbocycle Derivatives
Authors: Bhuniya Rajib , Mahapatra Tridib , Nanda Samik 
Published: January 2012

AbstractKetoreductases from Klebsiella pneumoniae (NBRC 3319) selectively reduce several 2‐substituted ethyl 3‐oxobutyrates to yield the corresponding syn‐β‐hydroxy esters with remarkable stereocontrol (de > 99 %, ee > 99 %). The enantiopure hydroxy oxo esters were synthetically manipulated to access new small‐ring carbocycles.
Thermal malfunction criteria of fire safety electrical equipment in nuclear power plants
Authors: Gay Laurent , Gracia Robert , Wizenne Eric 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYMalfunctions of nuclear power plants' (NPP) fire safety electrical equipment may be the consequence of a fire, leading to an increase of temperature and heat fluxes in a room and its adjacent ones. Electrical equipment manufacturers issue a so‐called ‘maximum temperature of normal operation’ under which a continuous function is guaranteed. However, this manufacturer temperature does not correspond to the notably higher real maximum operating temperature. Exactly knowing this temperature has two impacts: adequate selection of fire safety equipment and new fire probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) damage threshold. Those levels are today very conservative for performance‐based design: 40°C for electronic boards and 55°C for electromechanical materials.That is why Electricité de France, Research and Development Division (EDF R&D), performed several tests in the MILONGA facility to investigate the thermal malfunction levels of cabinet equipment classified as ‘Important for Safety’ by

first defining what malfunction means, according to the material type and its required function;
defining a relevant and reliable methodology of tests;
testing a sample of electromechanical materials and electronic boards used in NPP and
suggesting new temperature criteria for Fire PRA.Although the equipment behaviour may be dependent upon the materials of construction and equipment layout, the main results are the malfunction temperatures of 130°C for electromechanical materials and 95°C for electronic boards. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multirate time stepping for accelerating explicit discontinuous Galerkin computations with application to geophysical flows
Authors: Seny B. , Lambrechts J. , Comblen R. , Legat V. , Remacle J.‐F. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents multirate explicit time‐stepping schemes for solving partial differential equations with discontinuous Galerkin elements in the framework of Large‐scale marine flows. It addresses the variability of the local stable time steps by gathering the mesh elements in appropriate groups. The real challenge is to develop methods exhibiting mass conservation and consistency. Two multirate approaches, based on standard explicit Runge–Kutta methods, are analyzed. They are well suited and optimized for the discontinuous Galerkin framework. The significant speedups observed for the hydrodynamic application of the Great Barrier Reef confirm the theoretical expectations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Timing of posterior parahippocampal gyrus activity reveals multiple scene processing stages
Authors: Bastin Julien , Committeri Giorgia , Kahane Philippe , Galati Gaspare , Minotti Lorella , Lachaux Jean‐Philippe , Berthoz Alain 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPosterior parahippocampal gyrus (PPHG) is strongly involved during scene recognition and spatial cognition. How PPHG electrophysiological activity could underlie these functions, and whether they share similar timing mechanisms is unknown. We addressed this question in two intracerebral experiments which revealed that PPHG neural activity dissociated an early stimulus‐driven effect (>200 and <500 ms) and a late task‐related effect (>600 and <800 ms). Strongest PPHG gamma band (50–150 Hz) activities were found early when subjects passively viewed scenes (scene selectivity effect) and lately when they had to estimate the position of an object relative to the environment (allocentric effect). Based on single trial analyses, we were able to predict when patients viewed scenes (compared to other visual categories) and when they performed allocentric judgments (compared to other spatial judgments). The anatomical location corresponding to the strongest effects was in the depth of the collateral sulcus. Our findings directly affect current theories of visual scene processing and spatial orientation by providing new timing constraints and by demonstrating the existence of separable information processing stages in the functionally defined parahippocampal place area. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of novel combined carbogen USPIO (CUSPIO) imaging biomarkers in assessing the antiangiogenic effects of cediranib (AZD2171) in rat C6 gliomas
Authors: Burrell Jake S. , Walker‐Samuel Simon , Baker Lauren C.J. , Boult Jessica K.R. , Jamin Yann , Ryan Anderson J. , Waterton John C. , Halliday Jane , Robinson Simon P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe recently described combined carbogen USPIO (CUSPIO) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method uses spatial correlations in independent imaging biomarkers to assess specific components of tumor vascular structure and function. Our study aimed to evaluate CUSPIO biomarkers for the assessment of tumor response to antiangiogenic therapy. CUSPIO imaging was performed in subcutaneous rat C6 gliomas before and 2 days after treatment with the potent VEGF‐signaling inhibitor cediranib (n = 12), or vehicle (n = 12). Histological validation of Hoechst 33342 uptake (perfusion), smooth muscle actin staining (maturation), pimonidazole adduct formation (hypoxia) and necrosis were sought. Following treatment, there was a significant decrease in fractional blood volume (−43%, p < 0.01) and a significant increase in hemodynamic vascular functionality (treatment altered ΔR2*carbogen from 1.2 to −0.2 s−1, p < 0.05). CUSPIO imaging revealed an overall significant decrease in plasma perfusion (−27%, p < 0.05) following cediranib treatment, that was associated with selective effects on immature blood vessels. The CUSPIO responses were associated with a significant 15% reduction in Hoechst 33342 uptake (p < 0.05), but no significant difference in vascular maturation or necrosis. Additionally, treatment with cediranib resulted in a significant 40% increase in tumor hypoxia (p < 0.05). The CUSPIO imaging method provides novel and more specific biomarkers of tumor vessel maturity and vascular hemodynamics, and their response to VEGF‐signaling inhibition, compared to current MR imaging biomarkers utilized in the clinic. Such biomarkers may prove effective in longitudinally monitoring tumor vascular remodeling and/or evasive resistance in response to antiangiogenic therapy.
Mutant allele‐specific imbalance modulates prognostic impact of KRAS mutations in colorectal adenocarcinoma and is associated with worse overall survival
Authors: Hartman D. J. , Davison J. M. , Foxwell T. J. , Nikiforova M. N. , Chiosea S. I. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe prognostic impact of distinct KRAS mutations in colorectal carcinomas is not fully characterized. We hypothesized that the prognostic impact of KRAS mutations is modulated by KRAS mutant allele‐specific imbalance (MASI). KRAS MASI was assessed by sequencing electropherograms in KRAS‐mutated colorectal carcinomas (N = 394, prospectively tested). The mechanism of KRAS MASI was studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH; N = 50). FISH showed that KRAS MASI developed by chromosome 12 hyperploidy (9/18, 50%) or KRAS amplification (1/18, 5.5%). KRAS MASI was more common in tumors with KRAS codon 13 than with codon 12 mutations [24/81, 30% vs. 54/313, 17%; odds ratio (OR), 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2–3.5; p = 0.01]. KRAS MASI was correlated with overall survival (N = 358, median follow‐up = 21 months). In a multivariate analysis, KRAS codon 13 MASI was an independent adverse prognostic factor (compared to codon 13 mutants without MASI combined with all codon 12 mutants; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2–3.9; p = 0.01). KRAS MASI arises through chromosome 12 hyperploidy or KRAS amplification and, when affects KRAS codon 13, is associated with worse overall survival.
Rewriting Identities: Creating Spaces for Students and Teachers to Challenge the Norms of What It Means to Be a Reader in School
Authors: Hall Leigh A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this commentary, I discuss what reading identities are, and how they are defined, created, and enacted in schools by teachers and students. I then consider the positive and negative consequences associated with asking students to take up institutionalized norms around reading. Finally, I share how we can create spaces for students to talk back and rewrite the identities that are often forced on them by schools. I conclude by discussing the importance of creating reading partnerships between teachers and students.
Using Urban Fiction to Engage At‐Risk and Incarcerated Youths in Literacy Instruction
Authors: Guerra Stephanie F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe article presents a discussion of the potential of young adult urban fiction to engage at‐risk and incarcerated students in literacy instruction. The author provides an overview of the genre and an analysis of why young adult urban fiction is a good choice for educational use with at‐risk and incarcerated teens. The author also offers an evaluative process for selecting the best young adult urban fiction to use with these populations, and she shares some instructional ideas, including a list of books that met her evaluative criteria in her survey of 100 young adult urban fiction titles.
Enhancing the bioactivity of zirconia and zirconia composites by surface modification
Authors: Dehestani Mahdi , Ilver Lars , Adolfsson Erik 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAmong bioceramics, zirconia (ZrO2) and alumina (Al2O3) possess exceptional mechanical properties suitable for load‐bearing and wear‐resistant applications but the poor bioactivity of these materials is the major concern when bonding and integration to the living bone are desired. This article investigates two different approaches and their underlying mechanisms to improve the bioactivity of zirconia (3Y‐TZP) and a zirconia composite with alumina (10Ce‐TZP/Al2O3). Chemical treatment approach applied on 3Y‐TZP where the substrates were soaked in 5MH3PO4to create chemically functional groups on the surface for inducing apatite nucleation. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to detect chemical changes and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to monitor phase changes on the surface before and after acid treatment. Alternate soaking approach applied on 10Ce‐TZP/Al2O3consisted of soaking the composite substrates in CaCl2and Na2HPO4solutions alternately to make a precursor for apatite formation. The bioactivity was evaluated by apatite‐forming ability of surface‐treated materials in simulated body fluid (SBF). Both methods resulted in the formation of hydroxyapatite on the surface of materials; however, alternate soaking approach showed to be a simpler, faster, and more effective method than the chemical treatment approach for enhancing the bioactivity of zirconia materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity of Mg–35Zn–3Ca alloy for surface modified biodegradable implant material
Authors: Park Ran Sook , Kim Yu Kyoung , Lee Sook Jeong , Jang Yong Seok , Park II Song , Yun Yeo Heung , Bae Tae Sung , Lee Min Ho 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the biocompatibility of Mg–Zn–Ca ternary alloy as a biodegradable material. The casting alloy underwent anodization in an alkaline electrolyte at current density 300 mA/cm2 and frequency 50 Hz to obtain porous oxide layer. Plasma anodization film using pulse was shown to form irregular porous oxide film. As a result of corrosion test, the corrosion current was shown to decrease and the corrosion voltage was shown to increase in the anodized group, which showed the improvement of corrosion resistance after surface treatment. Sodium silicate (0.1 M) was directly oxidized due to high charges caused by spark and then formed SiO2, and the compounds produced inside the film were shown MgO, Mg2SiO4, and SiO2. In the histological examination in rats, all samples of the untreated group were shown to be absorbed 3 weeks later into the body. After the magnesium alloy was implanted, blood vessel expansion and tissue change were shown in the adjacent tissues. However, the changed tissues were shown to return to normal muscle tissues 4 weeks later when the alloy was completely absorbed. These results suggest that anodized Mg–35Zn–3Ca alloy has good biocompatibility in vivo and controls the absorption rate of biomaterials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Mechanical properties of totally permeable titanium composite pylon for direct skeletal attachment
Authors: Pitkin M. , Pilling J. , Raykhtsaum G. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractComposite pylons containing a solid titanium core with drilled holes surrounded by a porous sintered titanium shell have been fabricated and tested in bending along with the raw cores and pylons composed of the porous titanium alone. The new pylons were designed with the concept of enhanced in‐growth of bone and skin cells and are intended for direct skeletal attachment of limb prostheses considering requirements for long‐lasting anchorage to the residuum bone and a need for a safe skin‐implant seal. Load–displacement thresholds were determined after which the integrity of the porous component may be compromised. The composite pylons have a flexural strength and stiffness substantially greater than that of pylons composed of the porous titanium alone. The drilled holes in the solid insert have been shown to have virtually no effect on the flexural strength of the pylon, while meeting a requirement for total permeability of the device for unrestricted cell ingrowth. The predicted strength of the pylons and associated failure modes are in close agreement with those measured. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.