bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coverage and compliance assessment survey following lymphatic filariasis mass drug administration in Warangal, Telangana
Authors: Bhavani R , Kumari S. M. V. , Divyasri Rudrakshala , Jha Punam Kumari 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) impairs the lymphatic system causing pain and physical disability. A total of 859 million people in 50 countries require preventive chemotherapy to stop the infection. Mass drug administration (MDA) strategy was started to eliminate LF by 2020. In India, filariasis is endemic in 257 districts. Hence, this study aimed to assess the coverage and compliance following MDA toward filariasis in Warangal.

Objective:
The objective was to estimate the coverage rate, compliance rate, effective coverage rate, and coverage compliance gap of MDA toward filariasis in Warangal.

Materials and Methods:
The study was done in Warangal district, in which four clusters were chosen. The multistage sampling technique was adopted. Four villages were selected randomly from four PHCs. Each village included 30 households. All household members were interviewed with pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. Data were entered in Excel, and descriptive statistics were used.

Results:
In total, 476 were eligible for MDA administration. The total coverage rate was 80.4%, total compliance rate was 94.2%, effective coverage rate was 75.8%, and coverage compliance gap was 5.7%. The most common reason for nonconsumption was people thought that drug was not needed. The side effect after consumption was 1.6%.

Conclusion:
The overall coverage rate (80.4%) was less than the recommended level (85%) for the elimination of LF. The compliance rate was 94.2%, which says that most of the people consumed the tablet. Effective coverage (75.8%) reflects the actual coverage which has to be improved. One of the reasons for not consuming the tablet was fear of side effects, but only 1.6% had side effect.
A comparative cross-sectional study among pregnant and nonpregnant women on stress related to COVID-19 in Hyderabad, Telangana
Authors: Anjum Shabnam , Mohiuddin Syed Ahmed , Kenche Bhavani 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Pregnancy is a fragile state, and it is prone to anxiety and depression which may affect the outcome of pregnancy. Due to the unprecedented COVID pandemic, health-care services were limited to emergency care which hampered mental well-being of pregnant women.

Objective:
The present study was aimed to assess the stress related to COVID-19 in pregnant and nonpregnant women.

Subjects and Methods:
It was a field-based comparative cross-sectional study, conducted in the urban field practicing area of Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, for a period of 3 months during the second wave of the COVID pandemic, among 120 pregnant and 120 nonpregnant women. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic details, experiences with COVID-19 and lockdown, KAP on COVID-19, impact on health-care services, and various stress scales (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS], Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule [DAS] 2.0).

Results:
Majority of the study population were in the 18–35 years of age group; there were higher PSS mean score, GAD-7 mean Score, and DAS 2.0 mean score, among pregnant women compared nonpregnant women. PSS mean score for pregnant women was 18.80 ± 3.779 and for nonpregnant women was 12.50 ± 3.098 (P < 0.00001). GAD-7 mean score for pregnant women was 5.50 ± 3.087 and for nonpregnant women was 2.20 ± 1.804 (P < 0.00001). DAS 2.0 mean score for pregnant women was 22.87 ± 7.033 and for nonpregnant women was 16.10 ± 6.432 (P < 0.00001). Practices of preventive measures of COVID-19 were appropriate among both the groups.

Conclusion:
Although both the groups were affected mentally by the pandemic, stress, anxiety, and disability were common among the pregnant women.
Osteometric analysis of human adult dry tibia at a Medical College in South India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Banu Jahira , Sakthivel Sulochana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
In the domains of forensic science, anatomy, archaeology, and sports medicine, morphometric data of long bones are important. The morphometry of the tibia is essential for the successful outcome of total knee arthroplasty. The lower end of the tibia, which forms the ankle joint, is commonly impacted in accidents and sports injuries.

Objective:
The present study aims to reappraise the morphometry of the adult dry tibia in South India.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 60 bones of adult human dry tibia obtained from the bone collection of the department of anatomy. Various parameters of the upper end, shaft, and lower end of the tibia were measured using a digital Vernier caliper.

Results:
The tibial length varied from 32.7 to 42.7 cm, with a mean length of 36.79 ± 2.24. The Cnemic index, Foraminal index, Length–thickness index, and Cross-section index were 72.57 ± 11, 32.1 ± 3.3, 75.7 ± 11.1, and 22.95 ± 1.53, respectively. According to the foraminal index, 75% of the bones belonged to Type-1 and 25% to Type-2, where the nutrient foramen was in the proximal and middle third of the bone, respectively.

Conclusions:
The present study gives observational morphometric data of the tibia, which will be helpful in clinical as well as in medicolegal cases. These parameters will help in the selection of the correct prosthesis for a successful surgery, and we hope this morphometric analysis will have substantial significance across various disciplines.
Effect of Malaria on Biochemical and Hematological Parameters
Authors: Ayyadevara Rambabu 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Alterations in biochemical and hematological are found to be dependent on type of parasite of malaria, endemicity of the area, various demographic factors, and nutritional status of the person, immunity to the malaria, and presence or absence of hemoglobinopathies. Hence, if these parameters are monitored during clinical illness of malaria, they are of great importance to the treating physician to take a decision on prognosis and further management of the cases. They can even assess the severity of the malaria based on changes in these biochemical and hematological parameters.

Objective:
To study the effect of malaria on biochemical and hematological parameters.

Methods:
During the study period, 40 confirmed cases of malaria and 10 negative controls were investigated. Their hematological, biochemical, and liver parameters and electrolytes were compared. Unpaired t-test and analysis of variance were applied to study the intergroup comparisons.

Results:
Hemoglobin, red blood cells, platelets, lymphocytes, basophils, and monocytes were significantly decreased in cases, but neutrophils were significantly more in cases (P < 0.05). Sodium, potassium, and chlorides were significantly decreased in cases (P < 0.05). Creatinine, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin were significantly increased in cases (P < 0.05). Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased in cases, but total proteins and albumin were significantly decreased in cases (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Malaria had a significant impact on biochemical, liver, hematological parameters, and electrolytes. Hence, they should be regularly monitored in all admitted cases of malaria, which will help the treating physician to take appropriate decision on clinical management of the disease.
Medication adherence among known adult type-II diabetics and its association with glycemic control at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Eda Shashikala , Motgi Somnath , Singh Thakur Rohith 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Diabetes can be managed well by adherence to prescribed oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) and/or insulin. Between 33% and 69% of all medication-related hospital admissions in the US are due to poor medication adherence, at a cost ranging from ≥100 to ≥300 annually.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to study the prevalence of poor medication adherence among known diabetics and its association between poor medication adherence and glycemic control among adults known type II diabetes.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out among 225 adults with known type II diabetes. Known diabetics with type II and adults above the age of 30 years taking treatment at Malla Reddy Hospital were included in the study. Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence Scale (MGLS) was used to assess patients' adherence to diabetic medications. The American College of Physicians guidelines on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was used to classify glycemic control.

Results:
The majority (40%) were 60–69 years, males (64%) and (69.3%) were from urban areas. 37.8% were illiterate. 47.6% were doing business or service. The majority (82.7%) had diabetes for >5 years. As per the American College of Physicians guidelines, HbA1c should be kept at 7%–8% for diabetics. Accordingly, only 16.4% had HbA1c levels of <8%. The majority were using OHA only (80.4%). As per MGLS classification, only 29.3% had high adherence. 57.8% were found to have intermediate adherence and 12.9% had low adherence. The mean levels of HbA1c were significantly higher in those with low medication adherence (13.01 ± 1.3) compared to those with intermediate and high adherence (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The poor medication adherence was high in the present study. It was affecting glycemic control. It was significantly associated with the poor glycemic control.
A study of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with various radiological presentations at a designated microscopy center
Authors: Lal Roshan , Shekhar Chandra , Kumar Neeraj , Chandrakar Kajal 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Correlation between chest X-ray findings and drug resistance can provide valuable guide for physicians working at low-resource settings.

Objective:
To study tuberculosis (TB) drug sensitivity pattern as per the radiological presentation.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based prospective study was conducted among 67 newly diagnosed sputum-positive pulmonary TB patients who never took anti-TB treatment. They were subjected to history, systemic examination, radiology, and sputum smear examination. Ten patterns of chest X-ray were studied in the present study, which was not studied before. Chest X-ray radiology pattern was correlated with the drug resistance.

Results:
Isoniazid (INH) monoresistance was present in 11.9% of patients. 1.5% had rifampicin (RIF) resistance but no INH resistance. RIF and INH both resistance (multidrug-resistant [MDR]) was present in 7.5% of cases. Pattern Four was the most common radiological presentation in our patients being present in 20 (29.9%) patients. In this pattern, bacteria of 5.0% were RIF resistant. 15.0% were INH resistant, and 5.0% were both RIF and INH resistant (MDR). RIF resistance was most common in chest X-ray PA view with “Pattern Two” being present in bacteria of 21.42% of patients.

Conclusion:
Radiological patterns 2, 3, and 4 were highly correlated with the multidrug resistance, but it was not statistically significant. Patients' chest X-ray showing these patterns can be suspected to have MDR-TB and sent for further evaluation for early diagnosis and treatment of MDR-TB, which will give us good outcome. Further studies on this hypothesis should be conducted with bigger sample size to throw more light in this field.
Role of valgus osteotomy in old fracture neck of femur
Authors: Mohanty Tanmoy , Choudhury Suvam , Sahoo Braja Sundar , Maharaj Ramesh Chandra , Nanda Debi Prasad 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Nonunion fracture of the neck of the femur remains an unsolved issue owing to peculiar vascular anatomy and the relationship of weight transmission to fracture pattern stability. Salvaging the viable biological head is more preferable than replacement to avoid revision surgeries, especially in young adults.

Objective:
This study was designed to evaluate the outcome of old fractured necks of femur patients who underwent osteosynthesis through valgus osteotomy.

Materials and Methods:
We did a retrospective cohort study and collected the data for old fracture neck of the femur from 2010 to 19 from hospital records who underwent valgus osteotomy (McMurray's and Pauwel's osteotomy) and followed them for complications. The Student's t-test was used to compare the results of the two methods, i.e., McMurray's and Pauwel's.

Results:
About 83.3% of cases were of Pauwel's Type II and III groups. In cases that underwent McMurray's osteotomy, the mean shortening was 0.9 cm. Forty percentage had a full range of movements (ROM), 60% had occasional pain, 20% had complications such as screw back out, trochanteric bursitis, and 10% had avascular necrosis of the head femur. In cases that underwent Pauwel's osteotomy had a mean shortening of 1.5 cm, 20.83% had full ROM, 62.5% had limping, 45.5% had pain, 25% had screw back out, and infection in 25. Two cases underwent trans-fracture abduction osteotomy, so results are not discussed.

Conclusions:
We found that valgus osteotomy showed promising results and was comparable with the results of acceptable literature. Hence, it is suggested that osteosynthesis rather than arthroplasty should be the preferred method of treatment for old fractures of the neck of the femur.
Test positivity rate, contact history, and vaccination status of COVID-19 among patients visiting flu corner (fever clinic) of a tertiary care health center of Karnataka
Authors: Wilson Sijin , Koppad Raghavendraswamy , Nagendra Kanchana , Kumari Sakshi , Liana C. , Joseph Ceethal Anna 
Published: May 2024

Background:
In December 2019, patients with viral pneumonia-like illnesses were found to be infected with the coronavirus. The spread of COVID-19 infection continues unabated even after vaccination has begun. A study done on health-care workers who were vaccinated reported mild symptomatic breakthrough infection. Studies on breakthrough infections, their severity, and outcome have not been widely done in India.

Objectives:
This study estimates the COVID-19 test positivity rate among patients reporting to the flu corner of a tertiary care center, their contact history, vaccination status, and the rate of breakthrough infection among the cases.

Methodology:
A prospective longitudinal study was done on people who presented to the flu corner of McGANN Teaching District Hospital, Shivamogga, in June 2021. Preliminary data were collected through direct interviews. Later positive cases of COVID-19 were followed up till a documented clinical outcome. Responses were made into a database and descriptive statistics were done.

Results:
The test positivity rate of COVID-19 is 25%. Around 16% of the people who tested positive were asymptomatic. One out of four of the participants was vaccinated with at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Around 15% of the vaccinated people tested positive.

Conclusion:
Our study found that the test positivity rate at our tertiary hospital is higher than the district average. A single dose of COVID-19 vaccination does not seem to be protective against contracting COVID-19 infections. These findings need to be verified through studies in different settings.
Clinical profile of COVID-19 patients and association between morbidities and mortality due to COVID-19 at a tertiary care center
Authors: Dhoble Manjusha Ashwinkumar , Dhurve Priya Prabhakar , Murari Hema , Patle Rupali Amarkantak 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The globe has faced a number of challenges in recent years from viral epidemics brought on by newly developing zoonotic diseases, particularly the coronavirus family of viruses. Patients with COVID-19 disease are more likely to experience a more severe course and progression of the disease if they also have comorbid conditions such as hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Hence, the present study was carried out to study the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients and the association between COVID-19-related morbidities and mortality in a tertiary care center.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to study the clinical profile of COVID-19 patients and the relationship between COVID-19-related morbidities and death at a tertiary care facility.

Methodology:
The present study was a cross-sectional study which was carried out in the tertiary care hospital of Central India from March 2020 to August 2021 on 11,201 patients.

Results:
Among the 11,201 study subjects, 6755 (60.31%) were males and 4446 (39.69%) were females. The majority of the study subjects, 2428 (21.68%), were between the age group of 51–60 years. Cough was the major presenting complaint found in 5243 (46.81%) study subjects. Hypertension was the main morbid condition in 2249 (20.08%) study subjects. Among the 11,201 admitted patients, 8763 (78.23%) were discharged, and in 2438 (21.77%) study subjects, the outcome was death.

Conclusions:
Since morbid conditions such as diabetes and hypertension were more prevalent and it affects more in COVID-19 disease mortality.
Assessment of infrastructure and status of biomedical waste management in primary health-care facilities in a district of West Bengal, India
Authors: Dey Supriya , Ghosh Ritu , Mondal Sayantan , Mallik Sarmila 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The absence of proper waste management, lack of awareness about the health hazards from biomedical wastes, insufficient financial and human resources, and poor control of waste disposal are the most critical problems connected with biomedical waste management (BMWM).

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to assess the infrastructure available for BMWM in primary health-care facilities in Murshidabad district of West Bengal and to find out the gaps in the management.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive, observational, facility-based mixed method study with cross-sectional design was conducted in primary health-care facilities selected by multistage random sampling technique. In-depth interview was done with important stakeholders related to BMWM at block, subdivision, and district level.

Results:
The gaps were identified related to infrastructure, logistic supply, and workforce resources in the studied primary health-care facilities. Segregation at source and disposal of biomedical waste were improper. Training on BMWM and posttraining evaluation were also seen deficient. Information, education, and communication materials and proper record keeping were seen to be absent with lack of supervision.

Conclusion:
Logistics supply with emphasis on the supply chain with proper allocation of the fund at the primary health-care level should be ensured. Filling up of the vacancies of the Group D staff is essential. Training of health workers with supervision and monitoring by block and district officials needs to be strengthened for efficient BMWM.
Role of parenteral iron sucrose in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in pregnant women of gestational age 20–34 weeks
Authors: Deepthisri T. , Chaitanya N. , Rohin  
Published: May 2024

Background:
Anemia is responsible directly or indirectly for 40%–60% of maternal deaths from cardiac failure, hemorrhage, infection, and preeclampsia. It also increases perinatal mortality and morbidity rates consequent to preterm deliveries, intrauterine growth restriction, low iron stores, iron-deficiency anemia, and cognitive and affective dysfunction in the infant.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to study the efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose in terms of hemoglobin rise and side effects.

Materials and Methods:
Single-center, hospital-based comparative prospective study was conducted among 60 patients admitted with anemia in pregnancy with a hemoglobin concentration of 7.5–9 g/dl. Blood samples were sent for evaluation of hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), and serum ferritin levels at baseline, at 4, and 8 weeks.

Results:
Mean age was 29.08 ± 5.74 years. About 51.7% belonged to the middle social class. Most were gravida III (36.7%). About 46.7% had 20–24 weeks of gestations. Seventy-five percent had microcytic hypochromic anemia. Hemoglobin improved significantly (P < 0.05) from 8.76 ± 0.54 g% at baseline to 11.47 ± 0.85 g% at 4 weeks, and to 12.68 ± 1.04 g% at 8 weeks; PCV also improved significantly (P < 0.05) from 26.78 ± 3.11% to 34.64 ± 3.73% at 4 weeks and again improved to 42.50 ± 4.67% at 8 weeks; serum ferritin also improved significantly (P < 0.05) from 23.06 ± 7.96 μg/l to 28.86 ± 9.79 μg/l at 4 weeks and again improved to 36.31 ± 12.53 at 8 weeks after parenteral iron sucrose therapy. Only one pregnant woman complained of vomiting and only four women complained of pain at the site of injection after giving parenteral iron sucrose therapy. About 91.6% of the women had no complaints.

Conclusion:
Parenteral iron sucrose therapy in pregnant women with a gestational age of 20–34 weeks with iron-deficiency anemia was found effective in improving the hemoglobin, PCV, and serum ferritin with negligible side effects.
The study of first-trimester vaginal bleeding and its maternal and perinatal outcomes at a tertiary care center in Hyderabad
Authors: Chaitanya N. , Deepthisri T. , Rohin  
Published: May 2024

Background:
Among all those pregnancies with first-trimester vaginal bleeding, nearly half of them terminate into a pregnancy loss. In case the pregnancy continues, it may result in some complications such as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), preterm prelabor rupture of membrane (PPROM), preterm delivery, placental abruption, and preeclampsia.

Objective:
The objective was to study the pregnancy outcomes in first-trimester vaginal bleeding.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective observational study was done on 100 antenatal women who attended our hospital for delivery and had a history of first-trimester vaginal bleeding. All women were evaluated for pregnancy outcomes including pregnancy-induced hypertension, anemia, abruption, preterm labor, premature rupture of membrane (PROM), PPROM, IUGR, and placenta previa and neonatal outcomes in the form of birth weight and APGAR score.

Results:
Ninety-nine percentage of cases had viable outcome, and only one case had abortion after 20 weeks. Sixteen percentage had fetal growth restriction (IUGR), fifteen percentage had anemia, 14% had preterm labor, 12% had gestational hypertension, 11% had PROMs, 4% had preterm PROMs, and 2% had placental abruption and placenta previa. Among 16 patients who developed IUGR, 31% had abnormal Doppler and 69% had normal Doppler. Sixty percentage of patients delivered after 37 weeks. One case each of postpartum hemorrhage and perinatal death were observed.

Conclusions:
First-trimester vaginal bleeding is an important factor in predicting late pregnancy maternal and fetal outcomes. These pregnancies should be considered high risk, and antenatal care should be given carefully. Pregnant women need to be trained regarding the associated complications and their timely management.