bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of three‐dimensional ventricular strain distributions in gene‐targeted mice using tagged MRI
Authors: Chuang Joyce S. , Zemljic‐Harpf Alice , Ross Robert S. , Frank Lawrence R. , McCulloch Andrew D. , Omens Jeffrey H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA model‐based method for calculating three‐dimensional (3D) cardiac wall strain distributions in the mouse has been developed and tested in a genetically engineered mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Data from MR tagging and harmonic phase (HARP) tracking were used to measure material point displacements, and 3D Lagrangian strains were calculated throughout the entire left ventricle (LV) with a deformable parametric model. A mouse model where cardiomyocytes are specifically made deficient in vinculin (VclKO) were compared to wild‐type (WT) littermates. 3D strain analysis revealed differences in LV wall mechanics between WT and VclKO mice at 8 weeks of age when systolic function had just begun to decline. Most notably, end‐systolic radial strain and torsional shear were reduced in VclKO hearts which contributed to regional mechanical dysfunction. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using MRI tagging methods to detect alterations in 3D myocardial strain distributions in genetically engineered mouse models of cardiovascular disease. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Was Wacker Chemie leistungsfähig macht
Authors: Schorsch Gilbert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGilbert SchorschDer Machtzuwachs der Familie Wacker in der Geschäftsführung fällt mit steigenden Betriebsergebnissen zusammen. Für den Erfolg des Unternehmens gibt es mehrere Gründe wie komplexe Prozesse zu nutzen sowie Marktanforderungen und Partner einzubeziehen.
Die chemische Industrie als Schulsponsor
Authors: Neubauer Uta 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUta NeubauerUm Schüler für Chemie zu begeistern, spenden Chemieunternehmen und ‐verbände Experimentiersets. Damit verbinden sie oft Eigenwerbung. Trotzdem dürfen Lehrer die Unterstützung getrost annehmen, schließlich bleibt die Unterrichtsgestaltung in ihrer Hand.
Schalter und Regulatoren der Proteinsynthese
Authors: Engels Joachim , Jäschke Andres 
Published: July 2010

AbstractJoachim Engels, Andres JäschkeDie biologischen Funktionen von Ribonukleinsäuren gehen über die traditionell bekannten Rollen hinaus. RNAs sind mehr als Informationsüberträger, Ribosomenkomponente und Adapter für die Proteinbiosynthese. Die Erkenntnis, wie weitgehend kleine RNAs die Genexpression schalten und regulieren, kam dennoch überraschend.
Cranial traumatic injuries caused by weapons in Tokugawa Japan
Authors: Nagaoka Tomohito 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWeapon‐related traumas on human skeletons provide us with direct evidence of violence in archaeological and forensic contexts. The purposes of this study are to describe the weapon‐related traumas on Edo‐period (AD 17th–19th centuries) human skeletons from the Hitotsubashi site (Tokyo, Japan), to examine their presence, distribution and variability, and finally to better understand violence during that period. The specimens observed here are two adult males exhibiting eight traumas: five sharp‐force traumas caused by edged blades (62.5%) and three blunt‐force traumas with radiating fractures (37.5%). The frequency of individuals with traumas is 1.0% out of 207 individuals and 3.3% out of 64 adult males. The traumas found on the Hitotsubashi crania are distinguishable from those on the medieval crania in terms of low traumatic frequency. These observations shed new light on the life and death situations of the Edo inhabitants from osteoarchaeological perspectives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of the RNA‐binding protein Sam68 in mammary tumourigenesis
Authors: Elliott David J , Rajan Prabhakar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe RNA binding protein Sam68 (Src‐associated in mitosis 68 kD) is implicated in cell signalling, transcriptional regulation, pre‐mRNA splicing, and is overexpressed and/or hyperphosphorylated in breast, prostate, and renal cancers. Sam68 has roles in normal breast development; however, a study by Song et al published in this issue of The Journal of Pathology reports overexpression of nuclear and cytoplasmic Sam68 protein in a large cohort of clinical breast tumours, implicating Sam68 as a potential prognostic indicator and target for therapy. In breast cancer cells, nuclear Sam68 protein might affect the expression of cancer‐relevant genes and/or modulate exon splicing patterns in a dose‐dependent manner. Sam68‐regulated expression of alternative transcripts may help drive mammary tumourigenesis. The high levels of cytoplasmic Sam68 protein observed in breast cancer cells could also impact on cellular signalling pathways important for mammary tumour cell biology. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Invited Commentary for Song L et al. Sam68 up‐regulation correlates with, and its down‐regulation inhibits, proliferation and tumourigenicity of breast cancer cells. Journal of Pathology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.2751
Quercetin activates AMP‐activated protein kinase by reducing PP2C expression protecting old mouse brain against high cholesterol‐induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Lu Jun , Wu Dong‐mei , Zheng Yuan‐lin , Hu Bin , Zhang Zi‐feng , Shan Qun , Zheng Zi‐hui , Liu Chan‐min , Wang Yong‐jian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt is known that a high‐cholesterol diet induces oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and beta‐amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in mouse brain, resulting in neurodegenerative changes. Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been reported to possess numerous biological activities beneficial to health. Our previous studies have demonstrated that quercetin protects mouse brain against D‐galactose‐induced oxidative damage. Against this background, we evaluated the effect of quercetin on high‐cholesterol‐induced neurotoxicity in old mice and explored its potential mechanism. Our results showed that oral administration of quercetin significantly improved the behavioural performance of high‐cholesterol‐fed old mice in both a step‐through test and the Morris water maze task. This is at least in part caused by decreasing ROS and protein carbonyl levels and restoring CuZn superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn‐SOD) activity. Furthermore, quercetin also significantly activated the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) via down‐regulation of protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), which reduced the integral optical density (IOD) of activated microglia cells and CD11b expression, down‐regulated iNOS and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression, and decreased IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α expression in the brains of high‐cholesterol‐fed old mice through the suppression of NF‐κB p65 nuclear translocation. Moreover, AMPK activation significantly increased 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation and reduced fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression in the brains of high‐cholesterol‐fed old mice, which reduced cholesterol levels, down‐regulated cholesterol 24‐hydroxylase (CYP46A1) and β‐amyloid converting enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression, decreased eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation, and lowered Aβ deposits. However, the neuroprotective effect of quercetin was weakened by intraperitoneal injection of compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. These results suggest that AMPK activated by quercetin may be a potential target to enhance the resistance of neurons to age‐related diseases. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Filamentary and Homogeneous Modes of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) in Air: Investigation through Plasma Characterization and Simulation of Surface Irradiation
Authors: Rajasekaran Priyadarshini , Mertmann Philipp , Bibinov Nikita , Wandke Dirk , Viöl Wolfgang , Awakowicz Peter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe reported dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) source comprises of a ceramic‐covered copper electrode, and plasma can be ignited in ambient air with grounded ‘opposite’ electrodes or with objects of high capacitance (e.g., human body), when breakdown conditions are satisfied. Filamentary plasma mode is observed when the same source is operated using grounded opposite electrodes like aluminium plate and phosphate buffered saline solution, and a homogeneous plasma mode when operated on glass. When the source is applied on human body, both homogeneous and filamentary discharges occur simultaneously which cannot be resolved into two separate discharges. Here, we report the characterization of filamentary and homogeneous modes of DBD plasma source using the above mentioned grounded electrodes, by applying optical emission spectroscopy, microphotography and numerical simulation. Averaged plasma parameters like electron velocity distribution function and electron density are determined. Fluxes of nitric oxide, ozone and photons reaching the treated surface are simulated. These fluxes obtained in different discharge modes namely, single‐filamentary discharge (discharge ignited in same position), stochastical filamentary discharge and homogeneous discharge are compared to identify their applications in human skin treatment. It is concluded that the fluxes of photons and chemically‐active particles in the single filamentary mode are the highest but the treated surface area is very small. For treating larger area, the homogeneous DBD is more effective than stochastical filamentary discharge.magnified image
Association of airway cathepsin B and S with inflammation in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Martin S.L. , Moffitt K.L. , McDowell A. , Greenan C. , Bright‐Thomas R.J. , Jones A.M. , Webb A.K. , Elborn J.S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIrreversible tissue damage within the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung is mediated by proteolytic enzymes during an inflammatory response. Serine proteinases, in particular neutrophil elastase (NE), have been implicated however, members of the cysteine proteinase family may also be involved. The aim of this study was to determine cathepsin B and S levels in cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum and to assess any relationship to recognized markers of inflammation such as sputum NE, interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), urine TNF receptor 1 (TNFr1), plasma IL‐6, and serum C‐reactive protein (CRP). Proteinase activities were measured in the sputum of 36 clinically stable CF patients using spectrophotometric and fluorogenic assays. Immunoblots were also used to confirm enzyme activity data. All other parameters were measured by ELISA. Patients had a mean age of 27.2 (8.2) years, FEV. of 1.6 (0.79) L and BMI of 20.7 (2.8). Both cathepsin B and S activities were detected in all samples, with mean concentrations of 18.0 (13.5) µg/ml and 1.6 (0.88) µg/ml, respectively and were found to correlate not only with each other but with NE, TNF‐α and IL‐8 (in all cases . < 0.05). Airway cathepsin B further correlated with circulatory IL‐6 and CRP however, no relationship for either cathepsin was observed with urine TNFr1. This data indicates that cathepsin B and S may have important roles in the pathophysiology of CF lung disease and could have potential as markers of inflammation in future studies. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2010; 45:860–868. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia with mucous plugs in a child
Authors: Cakir Erkan , Aksoy Ferda , Çakır Fatma Betül , Ertem Temel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChronic eosinophilic pneumonia is a rare cause of chronic lung disease in children. A 7‐year‐old girl who attended our clinics with cough and sputum lasting for 5 years, has been evaluated for bilateral alveolar infiltration and ground‐glass opacities. Peripheral eosinophilia was detected in total cell blood count. Flexible bronchoscopy showed mucous plugs. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and cell block of mucous plugs determined hypereosinophilia. Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia was confirmed after the elimination of other eosinophilic lung diseases and the case was accepted to be idiopathic. She showed a dramatic response to oral corticosteroids. This is the first reported case of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia presenting with mucous plugs in children described to date in the literature. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:1040–1042. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibody responses to prostate‐associated antigens in patients with prostatitis and prostate cancer
Authors: Maricque Brett B. , Eickhoff Jens C. , McNeel Douglas G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn important focus of tumor immunotherapy has been the identification of appropriate antigenic targets. Serum‐based screening approaches have led to the discovery of hundreds of tumor‐associated antigens recognized by IgG. Our efforts to identify immunologically recognized proteins in prostate cancer have yielded a multitude of antigens; however, prioritizing these antigens as targets for evaluation in immunotherapies has been challenging. In this report, we set out to determine whether the evaluation of multiple antigenic targets would allow the identification of a subset of antigens that are common immunologic targets in patients with prostate cancer.METHODSUsing a phage immunoblot approach, we evaluated IgG responses in patients with prostate cancer (n = 126), patients with chronic prostatitis (n = 45), and men without prostate disease (n = 53).RESULTSWe found that patients with prostate cancer or prostatitis have IgG specific for multiple common antigens. A subset of 23 proteins was identified to which IgG were detected in 38% of patients with prostate cancer and 33% patients with prostatitis versus 6% of controls (P < 0.001 andP = 0.003, respectively). Responses to multiple members were not higher in patients with advanced disease, suggesting antibody immune responses occur early in the natural history of cancer progression.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest an association between inflammatory conditions of the prostate and prostate cancer, and suggest that IgG responses to a panel of commonly recognized prostate antigens could be potentially used in the identification of patients at risk for prostate cancer or as a tool to identify immune responses elicited to prostate tissue. Prostate 71: 134–146, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐fat diet increases NF‐κB signaling in the prostate of reporter mice
Authors: Vykhovanets Eugene V. , Shankar Eswar , Vykhovanets Olena V. , Shukla Sanjeev , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh‐fat diet (HFD) is considered as a major risk factor for benign prostatic diseases and cancer in the Western world. Studies have shown an association between oxidative stress and prostatic diseases. NF‐κB has been implicated in stress response and is deregulated in prostrate disorders; therefore, we sought to determine whether HFD could induce oxidative stress in the prostate which could contribute to prostatic diseases.METHODSTransgenic NF‐κB‐Luc‐Tag mice were either fed with regular diet (RD) or HFD for 12 weeks. Serial, non‐invasive molecular imaging was performed to study NF‐κB activation in the whole body, and in various organs including thymus, spleen, and prostate. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of NF‐κB, its upstream and downstream targets in the prostate.RESULTSTwofold increase in whole body NF‐κB activity in vivo and two to threefold upregulated prostate NF‐κB activity ex vivo were observed after HFD intake compared with RD controls. HFD‐induced NF‐κB activity was elevated remarkably in the abdominal cavity, thymus, spleen, and prostate with increase in prostrate weight. In the prostrate, an increase in the protein expression of gp91phox, p22phox, and p47phox NADPH oxidase subunits was observed suggesting the involvement of HFD in causing oxidative stress. Nuclear extracts from the prostrate tissue showed an increased expression of p65/RelA that corresponded with elevated cytosolic levels of p‐IκBα, along with increased expression of downstream targets of NF‐κB, nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase‐2.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that HFD‐mediated oxidative stress and deregulation of NADPH oxidase leads to NF‐κB activation in the prostrate. Prostate 71: 147–156, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural refinement of the hERG1 pore and voltage‐sensing domains with ROSETTA‐membrane and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Subbotina Julia , Yarov‐Yarovoy Vladimir , Lees‐Miller James , Durdagi Serdar , Guo Jiqing , Duff Henry J. , Noskov Sergei Yu. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThehERG1gene (Kv11.1) encodes a voltage‐gated potassium channel. Mutations in this gene lead to one form of the Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) in humans. Promiscuous binding of drugs to hERG1 is known to alter the structure/function of the channel leading to an acquired form of the LQTS. Expectably, creation and validation of reliable 3D model of the channel have been a key target in molecular cardiology and pharmacology for the last decade. Although many models were built, they all were limited to pore domain. In this work, a full model of the hERG1 channel is developed which includes all transmembrane segments. We tested a template‐drivende‐novodesign with ROSETTA‐membrane modeling using side‐chain placements optimized by subsequent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Although backbone templates for the homology modeled parts of the pore and voltage sensors were based on the available structures of KvAP, Kv1.2 and Kv1.2‐Kv2.1 chimera channels, the missing parts are modeledde‐novo. The impact of several alignments on the structure of the S4 helix in the voltage‐sensing domain was also tested. Herein, final models are evaluated for consistency to the reported structural elements discovered mainly on the basis of mutagenesis and electrophysiology. These structural elements include salt bridges and close contacts in the voltage‐sensor domain; and the topology of the extracellular S5‐pore linker compared with that established by toxin foot‐printing and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Implications of the refined hERG1 model to binding of blockers and channels activators (potent new ligands for channel activations) are discussed. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Docking and scoring protein interactions: CAPRI 2009
Authors: Lensink Marc F. , Wodak Shoshana J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractProtein docking algorithms are assessed by evaluating blind predictions performed during 2007–2009 in Rounds 13–19 of the community‐wide experiment on critical assessment of predicted interactions (CAPRI). We evaluated the ability of these algorithms to sample docking poses and to single out specific association modes in 14 targets, representing 11 distinct protein complexes. These complexes play important biological roles in RNA maturation, G‐protein signal processing, and enzyme inhibition and function. One target involved protein–RNA interactions not previously considered in CAPRI, several others were hetero‐oligomers, or featured multiple interfaces between the same protein pair. For most targets, predictions started from the experimentally determined structures of the free (unbound) components, or from models built from known structures of related or similar proteins. To succeed they therefore needed to account for conformational changes and model inaccuracies. In total, 64 groups and 12 web‐servers submitted docking predictions of which 4420 were evaluated. Overall our assessment reveals that 67% of the groups, more than ever before, produced acceptable models or better for at least one target, with many groups submitting multiple high‐ and medium‐accuracy models for two to six targets. Forty‐one groups including four web‐servers participated in the scoring experiment with 1296 evaluated models. Scoring predictions also show signs of progress evidenced from the large proportion of correct models submitted. But singling out the best models remains a challenge, which also adversely affects the ability to correctly rank docking models. With the increased interest in translating abstract protein interaction networks into realistic models of protein assemblies, the growing CAPRI community is actively developing more efficient and reliable docking and scoring methods for everyone to use. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Side‐chain rotamer transitions at protein‐protein interfaces
Authors: Guharoy Mainak , Janin Joël , Robert Charles H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe compare the changes in side chain conformations that accompany the formation of protein–protein complexes, in residues forming either the interface or the remainder of the solvent‐accessible surface of the proteins in the Docking Benchmark 3.0. We find that the interface residues undergo significantly more changes than other surface residues, and these changes are more likely to convert them from a high‐energy torsion angle state to a lower‐energy one than the reverse. Moreover, in both the unbound proteins and the complexes, the interface residues are more frequently found to be in a high‐energy torsion angle state than the noninterface residues. As these differences exist before the binding step, they may be relevant to specificity and help in identifying binding sites for docking predictions. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of an unusual secondary structural element in the immunostimulating tetrapeptide rigin in aqueous environments: insights via MD simulations, 1H NMR and CD spectroscopic studies
Authors: Kumar Nigam , Kishore Raghuvansh 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn immunomodulating tetrapeptide, rigin (H‐Gly‐Gln‐Pro‐Arg‐OH), has been examined for its secondary structure preferences through combined use of high‐temperature unrestrained MD simulations in implicit water and 1D and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy. The distribution of backbone torsion angles revealed the predominance of trans conformers across the Xaa‐Pro peptide bond. The results of MD simulations revealed that of the five predicted families A–E, the predominant families, family A (92 structures), family C (63 structures) and family D (31 structures), could be complemented by extensive 1D and 2D 1H NMR parameters acquired in aqueous PBS solution. A survey of specific inter‐ and intraresidue NOEs substantiated the predominance of an unusual type VII β‐turn structure, defined by two torsion angles, i.e. ψGln ∼ 155° and ϕPro ∼ − 65° across the Gln‐Pro segment. The proposed semi‐folded kinked topology precluded formation of any intramolecular interaction, i.e. hydrogen bond or electrostatic interaction. Far‐UV CD spectral characteristics of rigin in aqueous PBS solution and non‐aqueous structure‐promoting organic solvents, TFE and TMP, revealed its strong solvent dependence. However, in aqueous PBS solution, the presence of a weak negative shoulder at ${\sim234}$ nm could be ascribed to a small population with ordered, semi‐folded topology. We propose that the plausible structural attributes may be exploited for design and rigidification of the bioactive conformation of this immunomodulator toward improved immunopharmacological properties. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.