bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro‐needling versus acellular dermal matrix in RT1 gingival recession coverage: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zaaya Salma , Elbattawy Weam , Yusri Sarah , Fawzy El‐Sayed Karim M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsThis randomized trial assessed for the first time the efficacy of coronally advanced flap (CAF) followed by micro‐needling (MN) in contrast to CAF with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) on gingival thickness (GT, primary outcome), keratinized tissue width (KTW), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), recession reduction (Rec‐Red), complete root coverage (CRC) and percentage of root coverage (all secondary outcomes) in management of RT1 gingival recession in patients with thin gingival phenotype.MethodsA total of 24 patients (n = 24) with a thin gingival phenotype and single RT1 gingival recession in the aesthetic zone were randomly allocated to test‐ (CAF + MN; n = 12) or control group (CAF + ADM; n = 12). All clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months.ResultsBoth groups independently demonstrated significant gain in GT, RW, RD, CAL, PD, Rec‐Red, CRC and percentage of root coverage, with reduced PI and BOP (p < .05) at 3 and 6 months, without intergroup differences (p > .05). At 6 months, KTW gain was significantly higher in CAF + MN (5.08 ± 0.9 mm) than in CAF + ADM‐group (4.25 ± 1.06 mm; p < .05). Stepwise linear regression model with GT as dependent variable showed that base‐line GT was the only statistically significant predictor for GT with a direct correlation between base‐line GT and GT after 6 months.ConclusionCAF followed by MN could represent a promising graft‐less approach for increasing gingival thickness, comparable to CAF with ADM, with superior keratinized tissue width improvement, in the treatment of RT1 recession defects in patients with thin gingival phenotype.
Influence of tree mycorrhizal type, tree species identity, and diversity on forest root‐associated mycobiomes
Authors: Singavarapu Bala , ul Haq Hafeez , Darnstaedt Friedrich , Nawaz Ali , Beugnon Rémy , Cesarz Simone , Eisenhauer Nico , Du Jianqing , Xue Kai , Wang Yanfen , Bruelheide Helge , Wubet Tesfaye 
Published: April 2024

Summary

Understanding the complex interactions between trees and fungi is crucial for forest ecosystem management, yet the influence of tree mycorrhizal types, species identity, and diversity on tree‐tree interactions and their root‐associated fungal communities remains poorly understood.

Our study addresses this gap by investigating root‐associated fungal communities of different arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree species pairs (TSPs) in a subtropical tree diversity experiment, spanning monospecific, two‐species, and multi‐species mixtures, utilizing Illumina sequencing of the ITS2 region.

The study reveals that tree mycorrhizal type significantly impacts the alpha diversity of root‐associated fungi in monospecific stands. Meanwhile, tree species identity's influence is modulated by overall tree diversity. Tree‐related variables and spatial distance emerged as major drivers of variations in fungal community composition. Notably, in multi‐species mixtures, compositional differences between root fungal communities of AM and EcM trees diminish, indicating a convergence of fungal communities irrespective of mycorrhizal type. Interestingly, dual mycorrhizal fungal communities were observed in these multi‐species mixtures.

This research underscores the pivotal role of mycorrhizal partnerships and the interplay of biotic and abiotic factors in shaping root fungal communities, particularly in varied tree diversity settings, and its implications for effective forest management and biodiversity conservation.
Impact of changing climate on bryophyte contributions to terrestrial water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles
Authors: Slate Mandy L. , Antoninka Anita , Bailey Lydia , Berdugo Monica B. , Callaghan Des A. , Cárdenas Mariana , Chmielewski Matthew W. , Fenton Nicole J. , Holland‐Moritz Hannah , Hopkins Samantha , Jean Mélanie , Kraichak Bier Ekaphan , Lindo Zoë , Merced Amelia , Oke Tobi , Stanton Daniel , Stuart Julia , Tucker Daniel , Coe Kirsten K. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryBryophytes, including the lineages of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, are the second‐largest photoautotroph group on Earth. Recent work across terrestrial ecosystems has highlighted how bryophytes retain and control water, fix substantial amounts of carbon (C), and contribute to nitrogen (N) cycles in forests (boreal, temperate, and tropical), tundra, peatlands, grasslands, and deserts. Understanding how changing climate affects bryophyte contributions to global cycles in different ecosystems is of primary importance. However, because of their small physical size, bryophytes have been largely ignored in research on water, C, and N cycles at global scales. Here, we review the literature on how bryophytes influence global biogeochemical cycles, and we highlight that while some aspects of global change represent critical tipping points for survival, bryophytes may also buffer many ecosystems from change due to their capacity for water, C, and N uptake and storage. However, as the thresholds of resistance of bryophytes to temperature and precipitation regime changes are mostly unknown, it is challenging to predict how long this buffering capacity will remain functional. Furthermore, as ecosystems shift their global distribution in response to changing climate, the size of different bryophyte‐influenced biomes will change, resulting in shifts in the magnitude of bryophyte impacts on global ecosystem functions.
The effects of pterygomaxillary disjunction in surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Kuei‐Yuan , Yang Cheng‐Yu , Fan Chia‐Ning , Kuo Chin‐Shan , Fan Shou‐Zen , Chen Yuan‐Wu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to assess the expansive effects of pterygomaxillary disjunction (PMD) in surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) surgery using a meta‐analysis approach.Materials and MethodsThe study conducted a comprehensive literature search across five databases: PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane, adhering to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Dental alterations were assessed using either cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) or dental casts, while skeletal changes were exclusively measured from CBCT scans. We analysed the dentoskeletal changes between PMD +/− groups and conducted a within‐group comparison. The primary focus of the results was on the mean differences observed in pre‐ and post‐operative measurements.ResultsDental expansion was larger in the PMD+ group but not statistically significant. Skeletal expansion showed a significantly larger expansion in the posterior region in the PMD+ group (P = .033). Without PMD, anterior palatal expansion was significantly larger (P = .03), and the buccal tipping of posterior teeth was also significantly larger (P = .011) to achieve acceptable dental expansion outcomes.ConclusionsBoth PMD +/− groups of SARME surgery can achieve satisfactory dental expansion outcomes. However, bone expansion and tooth inclination are also important factors that influence orthodontic treatment and post‐expansion stability. By reducing the bony resistance with PMD, larger posterior palatal expansion and more parallel bony expansion are observed. In contrast, without PMD, there is smaller palatal expansion and greater tooth inclination in the posterior region. This could potentially lead to compromised periodontal conditions following expansion.
Evaluation of parental anxiety following three methods of pre‐anesthesia counseling: Video, brochure and verbal communication
Authors: Rudravaram Swetha , Gupta Aikta , Kalra Bhumika , Malhotra Shahzadi , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Kamal Geeta , Agarwal Shilpa , Parida Raunak 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study is to provide comprehensive and efficient pre‐anesthesia counseling (PAC) utilizing audiovisual aids and to examine their effect on parental anxiety.MethodsFor this prospective, controlled study, 174 parents were recruited and randomized into three groups of 58 (Group A: video, Group B: brochure, and Group C: verbal). During pre‐anesthesia counseling, the parent was provided with a detailed explanation of preoperative preparation, fasting instructions, transport to the operating room, induction, the emergence of anesthesia, and nursing in the post‐anesthesia care unit based on their assigned group. We evaluated parental anxiety using Spielberger's State–Trait Anxiety Inventory before and after the pre‐anesthesia counseling.ResultsThe results of our study show a statistically significant difference in the final mean STAI scores among the three groups (Group A: 34.69 ± 5.31, Group B: 36.34 ± 8.59, and Group C: 43.59 ± 3.39; p < .001). When compared to the brochure and verbal groups, the parents in the video group have the greatest difference in mean baseline and final Spielberger's State–Trait Anxiety Inventory scores (12.207 ± 5.291, p .001).ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that pre‐anesthesia counseling by video or a brochure before the day of surgery is associated with a higher reduction in parental anxiety when compared to verbal communication.
“It is not all glowing and kale smoothies”: An exploration of mental health difficulties during pregnancy through women's voices
Authors: Reddish Alison , Golds Lisa , MacBeth Angus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the experiences of women with moderate‐to‐severe mental health difficulties during pregnancy, with a focus on establishing their psychological needs. Psychological distress caused by mental health difficulties during pregnancy is common and can significantly impact women and their babies. However, women's subjective experiences of difficulties with their mental health throughout pregnancy, alongside their experiences of staff, services and treatments are less well understood.DesignIn this qualitative study, an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach was used.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with participants recruited via a regional Perinatal Mental Health Service. Interviews were transcribed and analysed following the IPA methodology.ResultsFive superordinate themes were identified which represented the lived experiences of the 11 participants on their journey through pregnancy whilst living with mental health difficulties and subsequent psychological distress: (i) Feeling the ‘wrong’ feelings, (ii) Societal pressures and a desire for greater acceptance, (iii) Searching for answers despite a lack of resources, (iv) What made a difference and (v) Experiences and expectations of service provision. Within these themes, 13 subordinate themes were also identified.ConclusionsThese themes highlight the need for greater awareness and acceptance of mental health difficulties during pregnancy as well as postnatally. While perinatal mental health services are evolving, there is still an urgent requirement for services to continue to develop to meet women's needs, as well as to develop the role of clinicians as facilitators of engagement with needs‐matched care.
Rootstocks affect the vulnerability to embolism and pit membrane thickness in Citrus scions
Authors: Miranda Marcela T. , Pires Gabriel S. , Pereira Luciano , de Lima Rodrigo F. , da Silva Simone F. , Mayer Juliana L. S. , Azevedo Fernando A. , Machado Eduardo C. , Jansen Steven , Ribeiro Rafael V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEmbolism resistance of xylem tissue varies among species and is an important trait related to drought resistance, with anatomical attributes like pit membrane thickness playing an important role in avoiding embolism spread. Grafted Citrus trees are commonly grown in orchards, with the rootstock being able to affect the drought resistance of the whole plant. Here, we evaluated how rootstocks affect the vulnerability to embolism resistance of the scion using several rootstock/scion combinations. Scions of ‘Tahiti’ acid lime, ‘Hamlin’, ‘Pera’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges grafted on a ‘Rangpur’ lime rootstock exhibit similar vulnerability to embolism. In field‐grown trees, measurements of leaf water potential did not suggest significant embolism formation during the dry season, while stomata of Citrus trees presented an isohydric response to declining water availability. When ‘Valencia’ orange scions were grafted on ‘Rangpur’ lime, ‘IAC 1710’ citrandarin, ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin or ‘Swingle’ citrumelo rootstocks, variation in intervessel pit membrane thickness of the scion was found. The ‘Rangpur’ lime rootstock, which is known for its drought resistance, induced thicker pit membranes in the scion, resulting in higher embolism resistance than the other rootstocks. Similarly, the rootstock ‘IAC 1710’ citrandarin generated increased embolism resistance of the scion, which is highly relevant for citriculture.
Can someone be both pro‐life and pro‐choice? Results from a national survey of US adults
Authors: LaRoche Kathryn J. , Jozkowski Kristen N. , Crawford Brandon L. , Jackson Frederica 
Published: April 2024

Abstract“Pro‐life” and “pro‐choice” are closely associated with discussions about abortion; we refer to the extent that people identify with these terms as “abortion identity.” Most polling measures present pro‐life and pro‐choice as mutually exclusive options, but there is a dearth of information about people who might simultaneously endorse both (or neither) labels.MethodWe administered a survey to adults in the United States (n = 580) that included two different formats for participants to select their abortion identity: a categorical item with response options ranging from strongly pro‐choice to strongly pro‐life (and “both” and “neither”) and two separate items (sliders) that asked people the extent to which they identify with each term. We asked participants endorsing both pro‐life and pro‐choice to some extent on the slider items to explain their responses in an open‐ended item. We used logistic regression to examine the relationship between participants' socio‐demographic characteristics and the likelihood of dual identification slider scores; we analyzed open‐ended data for content and themes.ResultsOn the sliders, more than 64% of participants identified as both pro‐life and pro‐choice to some extent. Variability existed between people's abortion identity on the close‐ended items and their response to the open‐ended questions. Among those with mixed abortion identities, participants described abortion as a serious and undesirable option but reflected positively on notions of personal choice and bodily autonomy.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate complexity in measuring people's endorsement of abortion identity labels. We recommend developing more nuanced and consistent measures to assess abortion attitudes.
Medication abortion for adolescents in the United States: Strengthening the role of pediatric primary care providers
Authors: Starosta Anabel , Harris Julen , Gariepy Aileen , Pathy Shefali , Cron Julia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecent legal changes have led to mounting abortion restrictions in the United States (US), disproportionately impacting adolescents, who already face multifaceted barriers to abortion care. Informed by the framework of reproductive justice, adolescents who become pregnant deserve comprehensive, unbiased, and non‐judgmental pregnancy options counseling, inclusive of all choices for pregnancy continuation and termination. Pediatric primary care providers are at the front lines of caring for adolescent patients' reproductive health needs and frequently diagnose pregnancy, provide pregnancy options counseling, and assist patients in accessing abortion care. They are uniquely poised to provide this care given their trusted, ongoing relationships with adolescent patients and their families, and their values of deep respect for adolescents' individuality and autonomy.MethodsIn this commentary, we aim to describe the medical and legal landscape of adolescent abortion access in the US and provide recommendations to support pediatric primary care providers' involvement in abortion care. We focus on medication abortion, as the provision of medication abortion has the potential to encompass a broad group of clinicians, including pediatric primary care providers.ResultsWe discuss the importance of providing options counseling to adolescents within the reproductive justice framework, improving abortion education for pediatric providers, and expanding access to abortion care by supporting providers at an institutional level if they opt to provide medication abortions.ConclusionIn light of the current legal landscape, the role of pediatric primary care providers in ensuring adolescent access to abortion care is ever more critical. Although many pediatric and adolescent providers already provide this important care, we, a team of obstetricians/gynecologists and adolescent medicine physicians, echo prior calls for improved training and institutional support for pediatric providers to counsel about and provide abortion‐related care. We hope that highlighting the role of pediatric providers in this sphere will help center the needs of adolescent patients and help them fulfill their family planning goals.
The MdMYB44‐MdTPR1 repressive complex inhibits MdCCD4 and MdCYP97A3 expression through histone deacetylation to regulate carotenoid biosynthesis in apple
Authors: Huang Benchang , Li Yuchen , Jia Kun , Wang Xinyuan , Wang Huimin , Li Chunyu , Sui Xiuqi , Zhang Yugang , Nie Jiyun , Yuan Yongbing , Jia Dongjie 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYCarotenoids are photosynthetic pigments and antioxidants that contribute to different plant colors. However, the involvement of TOPLESS (TPL/TPR)‐mediated histone deacetylation in the modulation of carotenoid biosynthesis through ethylene‐responsive element‐binding factor‐associated amphiphilic repression (EAR)‐containing transcription factors (TFs) in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is poorly understood. MdMYB44 is a transcriptional repressor that contains an EAR repression motif. In the present study, we used functional analyses and molecular assays to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which MdMYB44‐MdTPR1‐mediated histone deacetylation influences carotenoid biosynthesis in apples. We identified two carotenoid biosynthetic genes, MdCCD4 and MdCYP97A3, that were confirmed to be involved in MdMYB44‐mediated carotenoid biosynthesis. MdMYB44 enhanced β‐branch carotenoid biosynthesis by repressing MdCCD4 expression, whereas MdMYB44 suppressed lutein level by repressing MdCYP97A3 expression. Moreover, MdMYB44 partially influences carotenoid biosynthesis by interacting with the co‐repressor TPR1 through the EAR motif to inhibit MdCCD4 and MdCYP97A3 expression via histone deacetylation. Our findings indicate that the MdTPR1‐MdMYB44 repressive cascade regulates carotenoid biosynthesis, providing profound insights into the molecular basis of histone deacetylation‐mediated carotenoid biosynthesis in plants. These results also provide evidence that the EAR‐harboring TF/TPL repressive complex plays a universal role in histone deacetylation‐mediated inhibition of gene expression in various plants.
Association between clinical symptoms during the COVID‐19 infection and SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G titers in COVID‐19 convalescent whole‐blood donors in China
Authors: Chen Xue , Liu Humin , Li Meng , Kang Jianxun , Li Ying , Luo Yue , Du Xinman , Tan Donglin , Wang Qing , Gu Xiaobo , Zhao Zonghan , Fu Xuemei , Tang Jingyun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLimited studies have explored the association between clinical symptoms and titers of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies.Study Design and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, whole‐blood donors who had experienced a confirmed or suspected COVID‐19 infection completed questionnaires at the time of blood donation. Plasma SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for high‐titer COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) for each variable.ResultsAmong the total 386 donors, 120 (31%) donors with IgG titers ≥1:160 were classified as high‐titer donors. The multivariable ORs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for high titers were 2.33 (1.45–3.75), 2.11 (1.29–3.43), 1.10 (1.01–1.21), 1.19 (1.00–1.43), and 1.97 (1.05–3.71) for sore throat, cough, symptom count, fever duration, and low fever (compared with non‐fever), respectively. No significant association was observed between other symptoms and medical visits and the odds of high‐titer CCP. The association between high‐titer CCP and fever duration was restricted to confirmed COVID‐19‐infected donors, while associations with sore throat and cough remained significant in suspected infected donors. In addition, medical visit was positively associated with high‐titer CCP in suspected donors, but not in confirmed donors. In bootstrapped logistic regression models, the associations remained significant and reproducible for medical visit in suspected donors and for sore throat and cough in both suspected donors and total donors.DiscussionExperiencing a sore throat and cough were associated with high‐titer CCP in overall donors. We also identified sore throat, cough, and medical visits as potential predictors of high‐titer CCP for suspected donors during the pandemic.
Probabilistic Galois Theory: The square discriminant case
Authors: Bary‐Soroker Lior , Ben‐Porath Or , Matei Vlad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe paper studies the probability for a Galois group of a random polynomial to be . We focus on the so‐called large box model, where we choose the coefficients of the polynomial independently and uniformly from . The state‐of‐the‐art upper bound is , due to Bhargava. We conjecture a much stronger upper bound , and that this bound is essentially sharp. We prove strong lower bounds both on this probability and on the related probability of the discriminant being a square.
Block Spectral Method Analysis for Turbomachinery Applications
Authors: Corral Roque , Romera David , Montiel Miguel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The block-wise spectral reconstruction of turbomachinery flows has been successfully used in the past to reduce the computational cost of full-annulus turbomachinery simulations. The rationale of the method is based on an explicit representation of the long-wavelengths of the problem using a Fourier expansion of the blocks, which in turn contain the short-wavelength content of the spectrum. This work analyzes the accuracy of this approach and shows that this approximation retains not only the explicit Fourier representation of the long wavelengths and finite volume approximation of the short wavelengths but their interaction as well. This interaction due to the scattering associated with the nonuniformity of the flow is referred to as Tyler–Sofrin modes by turbomachinery practitioners and is highly relevant for many practical applications. The solution’s harmonic content is illustrated by resorting to the linear wave equation with varying propagation speed and the NASA rotor 67 fan.