bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of deuterated herbicidal ZJ0273, ZJ0702, ZJ0777, and SIOC0163
Authors: Yang Zheng‐Min , Lu Long 
Published: March 2010

AbstractZJ0273 (propyl 4‐(2‐(4,6‐dimethoxypyrimidin‐2‐yloxy)benzylamino)benzoate), ZJ0702 (isopropyl 4‐(2‐(4,6‐dimethoxypyrimidin‐2‐yloxy)benzylamino)benzoate), ZJ0777 (2‐bromo‐N‐(2‐(4,6‐dimethoxypyrimidin‐2‐yloxy)benzyl)aniline), and SIOC0163 (5‐bromo‐N‐(2‐(4,6‐dimethoxypyrimidin‐2‐yloxy)benzyl)pyridin‐2‐amine) are active ingredients in oilseed rape herbicides. The middle aromatic ring‐deuterated form of ZJ0273 was synthesized from (2H6)phenol and have been successfully used as tracer in its metabolism and degradation study. The methoxyl‐deuterated forms of four ingredients were synthesized from (2H4)methanol, respectively, and they could be used as internal standards in quantitation of herbicide residue in rapeseed and its downstream foodstuff by using HPLC‐MS/MS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An observational study of the exceptional ‘Ottery St Mary’ thunderstorm of 30 October 2008
Authors: Clark M. R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA small but intense convective system affected parts of east Devon during the early hours of 30 October 2008, producing an estimated 200 mm of precipitation, including locally over 20 cm of hail, within a 3 h period. This exceptional storm and its environment are studied here from an observational perspective. Upper air and satellite observations show that the storm developed within an environment characterized by a trend for increasing instability and dynamic forcing for ascent, associated with an approaching upper level cold pool and small positive potential vorticity anomaly. Analysis of surface observations reveals that convective development was strongly focussed by localized, persistent low‐level convergence and moisture convergence in the vicinity of a mesoscale surface low pressure area, which rapidly deepened before becoming slow moving over east Devon. Radar, wind profiler and other available observations are used to describe the development and evolution of the convective system, and to identify some additional factors contributing to the exceptional rain‐ and hail‐fall totals. Finally, the role that real‐time, simultaneous analysis of these various observation types could play in nowcasting of localized, extreme rainfall events is discussed. © Crown Copyright 2010. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Numerically determined enrichment functions for the extended finite element method and applications to bi‐material anisotropic fracture and polycrystals
Authors: Menk Alexander , Bordas Stéphane P. A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractStrain singularities appear in many linear elasticity problems. A very fine mesh has to be used in the vicinity of the singularity in order to obtain acceptable numerical solutions with the finite element method (FEM). Special enrichment functions describing this singular behavior can be used in the extended finite element method (X‐FEM) to circumvent this problem. These functions have to be known in advance, but their analytical form is unknown in many cases. Li et al. described a method to calculate singular strain fields at the tip of a notch numerically. A slight modification of this approach makes it possible to calculate singular fields also in the interior of the structural domain. We will show in numerical experiments that convergence rates can be significantly enhanced by using these approximations in the X‐FEM. The convergence rates have been compared with the ones obtained by the FEM. This was done for a series of problems including a polycrystalline structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adherence to recommended dosing and monitoring for mitoxantrone in patients with multiple sclerosis: a healthcare claims database study supplemented with medical records—the RETRO study
Authors: Funch Donnie , Norman Heather , Wong Judy , Bennett Randy , Hillier Jill , Al‐Sabbagh Ahmad , Seeger John D 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPurposeMitoxantrone was approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) in October 2000. Monitoring and dosing guidelines in the product labeling accompanying this indication include blood counts, liver function, and pregnancy tests at each administration. Due to potential cardiotoxicity, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) testing prior to initial infusion and all infusions at a cumulative dose ≥100 mg/m2 was recommended until April 2005 when LVEF testing before all infusions was recommended in the approved labeling. We sought to estimate provider adherence to dosing and monitoring guidelines and the effect of changes in LVEF monitoring guidelines.MethodsMS patients who received mitoxantrone between October 2000 and June 2006 were selected from the claims of a large US health insurer. Claims for infusions and for specified tests prior to an infusion determined adherence to guidelines, with medical records providing additional information for a subset.ResultsThere were 1827 mitoxantrone infusions to 548 eligible patients; medical records were obtained for 261 patients (1096 infusions). Most mitoxantrone recipients were 30–59 years of age and 73% were female. Adherence to recommended dosing was higher than for recommended monitoring. Blood counts were conducted for most infusions (78–83%), while liver function tests (LFT) were performed less often (47–54% of infusions). Pregnancy tests were performed for 10% or fewer of the infusions administered to reproductive age women. Adherence with LVEF testing guidelines improved following labeling changes.ConclusionsAdherence to recommended monitoring was incomplete, but amenable to change. Automated assessment through insurance claims supplemented with medical record data provides a balanced means for studying adherence to recommendations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The problems reported by cancer patients with major depression
Authors: Kleiboer Annet , Bennett Frances , Hodges Laura , Walker Jane , Thekkumpurath Parvez , Sharpe Michael 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective: To describe the problems reported by people with cancer and major depressive disorder as elicited before starting problem‐solving therapy (PST).Methods: Ninety‐eight outpatients, with a variety of cancers who met criteria for major depression, received PST as part of a system of treatment called ‘Depression Care for People with Cancer’ within a randomized trial. During the first session of PST, each patient was asked to provide an exhaustive list of problems defined as ‘anything that was bothering them’. A coding system, based on thematic content, was developed to categorize the problems listed. Each problem was then coded by two raters independently (κ=0.81). The resulting categories were organized into larger conceptual domains using a card‐sorting task.Results: Thirty‐six problem categories were generated which were in turn organized into 11 larger conceptual domains. Patients reported problems in a mean of 9.2 different categories (range 3–21) and 5.7 domains (range 2–9). The most common problem categories were ‘concerns about other people's well‐being’ (65%), ‘problems in interpersonal relations’ (61%), ‘loss of interest’ (56%), ‘low mood’ (55%), and ‘cancer recurrence or relapse’ (54%).Conclusions: People with cancer and major depression report a wide variety of problems that include, but go beyond concerns about, both cancer and depression. The large number of problems related to concerns about other people's well‐being and difficulties in interpersonal relationships, stresses the importance of these topics to patients and should be given more weight in the assessment and management of depressed cancer patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exercise as a supportive therapy in incurable cancer: exploring patient preferences
Authors: Maddocks Matthew , Armstrong Sarah , Wilcock Andrew 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective: Therapeutic exercise may benefit patients with incurable cancer, but there is little data on its practicality. We have explored the acceptability of six exercise programmes based on different types of exercise, the preferred delivery method, location and time relative to anticancer treatments and whether various patient characteristics influence choice of exercise.Methods: A questionnaire determined patients' perceived capability and preparedness to undertake six exercise programmes, each illustrated by looping video clips and accompanying text, most preferred programme and preferences for its delivery. Frequency counts and percentages were calculated and multiple logistic regression used to examine associations between patient characteristics and preparedness to undertake each of the programmes.Results: Two hundred patients (103 female; mean (SD) age 64 (9); ECOG 02) with common incurable cancers mostly receiving palliative chemotherapy took part. All considered themselves physically capable of undertaking one or more of the exercise programmes and two‐thirds were prepared to undertake a programme at that moment in time. The three most preferred exercise programmes were those based on neuromuscular electrical stimulation, walking and resistance training. The majority of patients preferred to undertake exercise at home, alone and unsupervised. One‐third were not prepared to undertake any exercise, with a tendency for the least prepared to be older males and those with a lower performance status.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that it is realistic to develop exercise as a supportive therapy for patients with incurable cancer, including those receiving chemotherapy, and can be used to inform further research in this area. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communicating with child patients in pediatric oncology consultations: a vignette study on child patients', parents', and survivors' communication preferences
Authors: Zwaanswijk Marieke , Tates Kiek , van Dulmen Sandra , Hoogerbrugge Peter M. , Kamps Willem A. , Beishuizen A , Bensing Jozien M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective: To investigate the preferences of children with cancer, their parents, and survivors of childhood cancer regarding medical communication with child patients and variables associated with these preferences.Methods: Preferences regarding health‐care provider empathy in consultations, and children's involvement in information exchange and medical decision making were investigated by means of vignettes. Vignettes are brief descriptions of hypothetical situations, in which important factors are systematically varied following an experimental design. In total, 1440 vignettes were evaluated by 34 children with cancer (aged 8–16), 59 parents, and 51 survivors (aged 8–16 at diagnosis, currently aged 10–30). Recruitment of participants took place in three Dutch university‐based pediatric oncology centers. Data were analyzed by multilevel analyses.Results: Patients, parents, and survivors indicated the importance of health‐care providers' empathy in 81% of the described situations. In most situations (70%), the three respondent groups preferred information about illness and treatment to be given to patients and parents simultaneously. Preferences regarding the amount of information provided to patients varied. The preference whether or not to shield patients from information was mainly associated with patients' age and emotionality. In most situations (71%), the three respondent groups preferred children to participate in medical decision making. This preference was mainly associated with patients' age.Conclusions: To be able to adapt communication to parents' and patients' preferences, health‐care providers should repeatedly assess the preferences of both groups. Future studies should investigate how health‐care providers balance their communication between the sometimes conflicting preferences of patients and parents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of behavioral techniques and physical exercise on psychosocial functioning and health‐related quality of life in breast cancer patients and survivors—a meta‐analysis
Authors: Duijts Saskia F. A. , Faber Mizja M. , Oldenburg Hester S. A. , van Beurden Marc , Aaronson Neil K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the effect of behavioral techniques and physical exercise on psychosocial functioning and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in breast cancer patients and survivors.Methods: A meta‐analysis was carried out to quantify the effects of behavioral and exercise interventions on fatigue, depression, anxiety, body‐image, stress and HRQoL. Summary effect sizes and standard errors were calculated. The presence of publication bias was explored and sensitivity analyses were performed to identify possible sources of heterogeneity.Results: In total, 56 studies were included. Statistically significant results were found for the effect of behavioral techniques on fatigue (ES −0.158; 95% CI −0.233 to −0.082,p<0.001), depression (ES −0.336; 95% CI −0.482 to −0.190,p<0.001), anxiety (ES −0.346; 95% CI −0.538 to −0.154,p<0.001) and stress (ES −0.159; 95% CI −0.310 to −0.009,p=0.038). For the effect of physical exercise interventions, statistically significant results were found on fatigue (ES −0.315; 95% CI −0.532 to −0.098,p=0.004), depression (ES −0.262; 95% CI −0.476 to −0.049,p=0.016), body‐image (ES 0.280; 95% CI 0.077 to 0.482,p=0.007) and HRQoL (ES 0.298; 95% CI 0.117 to 0.479,p=0.001).Conclusions: The results indicate that behavioral techniques and physical exercise improve psychosocial functioning and HRQoL in breast cancer patients and survivors. Future research is needed on the effect of physical exercise on stress and the effect of the combined intervention in breast cancer patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenges in constructing time series models from process data
Authors: Ledolter Johannes , Bisgaard Søren 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCorrelated input and output sequences of industrial processes are often autocorrelated. Analysts who wish to construct models for such processes from input and output sequences alone must be careful as the autocorrelations in individual time series can masquerade as cross‐correlations. Several different models may appear equally plausible, depending on how the process had been operated. In this paper we study the input and output sequences from two industrial case studies using various time series tools. The results of our study illustrate that in feedback situations, where the current input is adjusted—either automatically or manually—on the basis of past output, different models may fit the data equally well. Which of these models describe the actual transfer function is unclear, unless a known dither signal can be added to the input to allow for an unambiguous identification of the transfer function. This problem is related to spurious regression and is of interest to econometricians who often deal with time series where feedback, known or unknown, may be responsible for misleading interpretations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Force‐based control of a compact spinal milling robot
Authors: Wang Tianmiao , Luan Sheng , Hu Lei , Liu Zhongjun , Li Weishi , Jiang Liang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundSpine‐milling operation during laminectomy surgery requires steady manipulation and intraoperative monitoring. A spinal milling robot with force‐based control is introduced to improve the operation safety.MethodThe robot is designed with compact structure and simple configuration. Real‐time thrust force is measured and three stages corresponding to the anatomical structures of the vertebra are identified, based on the analysis of typical characteristic parameters of the force profiles. The cross‐correlation to the standard profiles are adopted to judge the milling status. A 1 mm margin is prescribed to stop the procedure before the lamina is thoroughly milled through.ResultsAutomatic robot‐milling experiments on porcine vertebrae are conducted, based on the force‐based control method, and the procedure is stopped when the critical condition is met. The average thickness of the milled part is 1.1 mm, and no penetration occurs.ConclusionThe spinal milling robot could provide steady manipulation, facilitate the surgeon's labour with an automatic feeding process and improve the safety of the operation with enhanced monitoring. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term changes in flow regime and fish assemblage composition in the guadalupe and san marcos rivers of texas
Authors: Perkin J. S. , Bonner T. H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRiverine flow regimes are naturally dynamic, but become increasingly homogenized following anthropogenic flow alteration. Loss of dynamism disrupts naturally occurring structuring mechanisms within the associated biotic communities, at times causing shifts in composition. Here we considered how stream fish assemblages in two Central Texas rivers changed after alteration of flow regime by either construction of a mainstem, deep storage reservoir or flood‐retaining structures. Following impoundment, number of large and small floods increased from 0.81 to 1.07 floods per year (FPY) in the upper Guadalupe River, decreased from 0.84 to 0.42 FPY in the lower Guadalupe River and decreased from 0.87 to 0.7 FPY in the San Marcos River. Historical ichthyofauna data ranging from 1938 to 2006 were used to assess changes in assemblage composition and species abundance. Assemblages did not differ in the upper Guadalupe River (Bray–Curtis index = 37.4%; ANOSIM global R = 0.079, p = 0.08), but did differ in the lower Guadalupe River (25%; global R = 0.409, p < 0.01) and San Marcos River (27%; global R = 0.19, p < 0.01). In general, habitat generalist species dominated assemblages during periods of reduced flood frequencies (i.e. drought of record; following impoundment), whereas regionally endemic species (N = 3) and substrate and broadcast spawning species (N = 5) declined (b1 < 0; α = 0.05). Based on the results from this study, managing flows in the lower Guadalupe River to mimic historical timing of flood pulses might attenuate contemporary disruption of natural assemblage composition. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperactive mice show elevated D2Highreceptors, a model for schizophrenia: Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II alpha knockouts
Authors: Novak Gabriela , Seeman Philip 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe cerebral frontal cortex of patients who had schizophrenia shows elevated levels of RNA for calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II beta (CaMKIIβ). In addition, recent research shows that animal models for schizophrenia, such as amphetamine‐sensitized rats, consistently show elevated levels of D2 receptors in their high‐affinity state (D2High), the major target for antipsychotic medication. The present study was done, therefore, to examine whether an alteration in the levels of CaMKIIβ could lead to altered levels of D2Highreceptors. We found that the CaMKII inhibitor, KN‐93, markedly reduced D2Highstates in rat striatum. In addition, we studied heterozygous CaMKIIα knock‐out mice that show features analogous to schizophrenia. The striata of these mice revealed a 2.8‐fold increase in D2Highreceptors. In frontal cortex of the heterozygous CaMKIIα knock‐out mice, CaMKIIα mRNA levels were reduced by 50%, while CaMKIIβ mRNA levels were unaltered. In striatum, CaMKIIβ mRNA levels were increased by 29%, suggesting the presence of a new CaMKIIβ regulatory pathway not previously described. The elevated levels of CaMKIIβ mRNA in the striatum suggest that this enzyme may increase D2Highin animals and possibly in schizophrenia itself. Synapse 64:794–800, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced dendritic spine number of neurons of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens in old rats after chronic donepezil administration
Authors: Alcantara‐Gonzalez Faviola , Juarez Ismael , Solis Oscar , Martinez‐Tellez Isaura , Camacho‐Abrego Israel , Masliah Eliezer , Mena Raul , Flores Gonzalo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn Alzheimer's disease brains, morphological changes in the dendrites of pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus have been observed. These changes are particularly reflected in the decrement of both the dendritic tree and spine number. Donepezil is a potent and selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We have studied the effect of oral administration of this drug on the morphology of neuronal cells from the brain of aged rats. We examined dendrites of pyramidal neurons of the PFC, dorsal or ventral hippocampus (VH), and medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Donepezil (1 mg/kg, vo) was administrated every day for 60 days to rats aged 10 and 18 months. Dendritic morphology was studied by the Golgi–Cox stain procedure followed by Sholl analysis at 12 and 20 months ages, respectively. In all Donepezil‐treated rats, a significant increment of the dendritic spines number in pyramidal neurons of the PFC and dorsal hippocampus was observed. However, pyramidal neurons of the VH and medium spiny cells of the NAcc only showed an increase in the number of their spines in 12‐month‐old rats. Our results suggest that Donepezil prevents the alterations of the neuronal dendrite morphology caused by aging. Synapse 64:786–793, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurotoxic methamphetamine regimens produce long‐lasting changes in striatal G‐proteins
Authors: Boikess Steven R. , O'dell Steven J. , Marshall John F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAnimals repeatedly dosed with methamphetamine during a single day suffer damage to brain dopamine and serotonin terminals and show behavioral deficits. These methamphetamine regimens also produce long‐term reductions in dopamine agonist‐stimulated immediate‐early gene responses both in striatum and several cortical areas, but the mechanism(s) underlying these long‐lasting effects of methamphetamine remain uncertain. Six weeks after a neurotoxic regimen of methamphetamine (4 × 4 mg/kg) or saline, α subunit levels of striatal G‐proteins that couple dopamine receptors to second messenger systems were measured. Because the damage to striatal monoamine terminals produced by methamphetamine is regionally heterogeneous, we used radioimmunocytochemistry, which combines quantification with regional resolution. We found significant increases in Giαand Golfαexpression in the ventral striatum (but not in the dorsolateral striatum or nucleus accumbens) of methamphetamine‐pretreated rats, a regional pattern similar to that reported for methamphetamine effects on dopamine terminal markers. By contrast, Gqαexpression was unaffected in all striatal subregions. The central roles of Giand Golfin modulating the activity of a series of interlinked intracellular signaling pathways suggest that methamphetamine‐induced changes in Giand Golfcan have lasting effects on striatal neuronal function. Synapse 64:839–844, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.