bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of temperature and pH on growth and antioxidant content of the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus
Authors: Guedes A. Catarina , Amaro Helena M. , Pereira Ricardo D. , Malcata F. Xavier 
Published: May 2011

AbstractReactive forms of oxygen can damage DNA (among other molecules), thus triggering, e.g., atherogenesis and carcinogenesis. However, such dietary antioxidants as lutein and β‐carotene can effectively inactivate them; these compounds were found to high levels in a novel strain (M2‐1) of the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus. The independent and combined effects of pH and temperature on its rates of growth and production of antioxidants were experimentally assessed, via a full factorial experimental design; the effects of each parameter independently, and of their interactions were accordingly quantified by ANOVA. Our results indicated that temperature plays a more important role on the maximum specific growth rate than pH; in terms of antioxidant content, pH and, to a lesser extent, temperature also have relevant effects. Consequently, the highest rate of biomass specific growth (0.294 ± 0.013 day−1) and biomass productivity (0.837 ± 0.054 mg L−1 day−1) were associated with relatively low pH (6) and relatively high temperature (30°C). Conversely, the antioxidant production rate increased with pH; hence, the highest productivity (0.638 mg L−1 day−1) was attained at pH 8 and 30°C. At the best operating conditions for antioxidant content, the levels of lutein and β‐carotene were 203.57 ± 1.41 and 18.20 ± 0.33 mg mL−1, respectively; the maximum production of either one occurred at the early exponential phase. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Shape variation of the neural arch in the thoracic and lumbar spine: Characterization and relationship with the vertebral body shape
Authors: Masharawi Y. , Salame K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractQuantifying the human vertebral geometry is important for accurate medical procedures. We aimed to characterize the neural arch (NA) shape at T1‐L5. All T1‐L5 dry vertebrae (N = 4,080) of 240 individuals were measured and analyzed by age, gender, and ethnicity. A 3D digitizer was used to measure the dimensions of the spinous (SP) and transverse (TP) processes, vertebral canal (VC), laminae, and isthmus. Most parameters were independent of age and ethnicity, yet greater in males than in females. Isthmus length increases from T1 (9.8 mm) to T12 (19.87 mm) and decreases from T12 to L5 (9.68 mm) with right > left in the thorax and oppositely in the lumbar region. The SP is longer than its thickness both decreasing in the upper thorax (by ca. 4mm), increasing in the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae (by 7 mm for length and ca. 14.5 mm for thickness) and decreasing again along the lower lumbar vertebrae (both by 8 mm). The TP length decreases at T1‐T12 (by 13 mm) and increases at L1‐L5 with left > right at T1‐L5 (P < 0.003). The laminar length decreases from T1 (8.72 mm) through T5 (4.76 mm) and increases toward L5 (8.4 mm) with right > left at T1‐L5 (P < 0.003). The VC is oval‐shaped at T1 and T11‐L5 (width > length), rounded‐shape at T2 and T10 (width = length), and inverted oval‐shaped at T3‐T9 (length > width). In conclusion, the NA is systematically asymmetrical and dynamic in shape along the thoracic and lumbar spine. The inter‐relationship with the vertebral body and articular facets is discussed. Clin. Anat. 24:858–867, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A massively parallel computational electrophysiology model of the heart
Authors: Vázquez M. , Arís R. , Houzeaux G. , Aubry R. , Villar P. , Garcia‐Barnés J. , Gil D. , Carreras F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a patient‐sensitive simulation strategy capable of using the most efficient way the high‐performance computational resources. The proposed strategy directly involves three different players: Computational Mechanics Scientists (CMS), Image Processing Scientists and Cardiologists, each one mastering its own expertise area within the project. This paper describes the general integrative scheme but focusing on the CMS side presents a massively parallel implementation of computational electrophysiology applied to cardiac tissue simulation. The paper covers different angles of the computational problem: equations, numerical issues, the algorithm and parallel implementation. The proposed methodology is illustrated with numerical simulations testing all the different possibilities, ranging from small domains up to very large ones. A key issue is the almost ideal scalability not only for large and complex problems but also for medium‐size meshes. The explicit formulation is particularly well suited for solving this highly transient problems, with very short time‐scale. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerating climate and weather simulations through hybrid computing
Authors: Zhou Shujia , Cruz Carlos , Duffy Daniel , Tucker Robert , Purcell Mark 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYUnconventional multi‐ and many‐core processors (e.g. IBM ® Cell B.E. TM and NVIDIA ® GPU) have emerged as effective accelerators in trial climate and weather simulations. Yet these climate and weather models typically run on parallel computers with conventional processors (e.g. Intel ®, AMD ®, and IBM) using Message Passing Interface. To address challenges involved in efficiently and easily connecting accelerators to parallel computers, we investigated using IBM's Dynamic Application Virtualization TM (IBM DAV) software in a prototype hybrid computing system with representative climate and weather model components. The hybrid system comprises two Intel blades and two IBM QS22 Cell B.E. blades, connected with both InfiniBand ® (IB) and 1‐Gigabit Ethernet. The system significantly accelerates a solar radiation model component by offloading compute‐intensive calculations to the Cell blades. Systematic tests show that IBM DAV can seamlessly offload compute‐intensive calculations from Intel blades to Cell B.E. blades in a scalable, load‐balanced manner. However, noticeable communication overhead was observed, mainly due to IP over the IB protocol. Full utilization of IB Sockets Direct Protocol and the lower latency production version of IBM DAV will reduce this overhead. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐organization scheduling approximation algorithms
Authors: Cohen Johanne , Cordeiro Daniel , Trystram Denis , Wagner Frédéric 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper we consider the problem of scheduling on computing platforms composed of several independent organizations, known as the Multi‐Organization Scheduling Problem (MOSP). Each organization provides both resources and jobs and follows its own objectives. We are interested in the best way to minimize the makespan on the entire platform when the organizations behave in a selfish way. We study the complexity of the MOSP problem with two different local objectives—makespan and average completion time—and show that MOSP is strongly NP‐Hard in both cases. We formally define a selfishness notion, by means of restrictions on the schedules. We prove that selfish behavior imposes a lower bound of 2 on the approximation ratio for the global makespan. We present various approximation algorithms of ratio 2 which validate selfishness restrictions. These algorithms are experimentally evaluated through simulation, exhibiting good average performances and presenting good fairness to organizations' local objectives. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obesity and Interpersonal Problems: An Analysis with the Interpersonal Circumplex
Authors: Lo Coco Gianluca , Gullo Salvatore , Scrima Fabrizio , Bruno Vincenzo 
Published: May 2011

This study examines the interpersonal problems profiles of obese individuals by cluster analysing the interpersonal problems circumplex scores of participants. The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems—Short Circumplex (IIP‐32) was completed by 368 treatment‐seeking obese individuals. These data were cluster analysed, and groups of obese subjects defined by varying interpersonal problems were compared with regard to psychological distress, self‐esteem, body dissatisfaction, quality of life and binge behaviours. Cluster analyses of the IIP‐32 resulted in four clusters, which occupied two quadrants of the interpersonal circumplex. Several differences in body mass index, psychological distress, quality of life and body dissatisfaction emerged across the four interpersonal groups. Although obese individuals reported elevated interpersonal distress, these subjects are not homogeneous with regard to interpersonal problems. Psychiatric co‐morbidity and psychological distress may explain these interpersonal differences. These findings underscore the importance for clinicians to assess carefully patients' interpersonal functioning, especially with respect to treatment‐seeking obese patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Research has not consistently specified the types of interpersonal problems most frequently experienced by treatment‐seeking obese individuals.
Most obese individuals share a friendly–dominant interpersonal style.
This research supports the importance of measuring and targeting interpersonal variables in the design and evaluation of obesity treatment programmes.
A CCII‐based wide frequency range square waveform generator
Authors: De Marcellis Andrea , Di Carlo Claudia , Ferri Giuseppe , Stornelli Vincenzo 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose a novel current‐mode solution suitable for the square waveform generation. The designed oscillator, which utilizes only two positive second‐generation current conveyors as active blocks, six resistors and a capacitor, is based on a current differentiation, instead of voltage integration, typical of developed solutions both in voltage‐mode and in current‐mode approaches, so avoiding circuit limitations due to the node saturation effects. The proposed circuit has been designed, as an integrated solution at transistor level, in a standard CMOS technology, with low‐voltage (± 1V) and low‐power (430µW) characteristics. Simulation results have confirmed the good circuit behaviour, also for working temperature drifts, showing good linearity in a wide oscillation frequency range, which can be independently adjusted through either capacitive (in the range pF − µF) or resistive (in the range M Ω–G Ω) external passive components. Waiting for the chip fabrication, preliminary measurements have been performed using a laboratory breadboard employing the CCII with AD844 commercial component and sample capacitors and resistors. The experimental results have shown good agreement with both simulations and theoretical expectations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Group consensus review minimizes the diagnosis of “follicular lesion of undetermined significance” and improves cytohistologic concordance
Authors: Jing Xin , Knoepp Stewart M. , Roh Michael H. , Hookim Kim , Placido Jeremiah , Davenport Robertson , Rasche Rodolfo , Michael Claire W. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe conducted a group consensus review of thyroid aspirates that were previously interpreted as “atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance” (AUS/FLUS) and followed by surgical interventions. The study aimed to investigate if consensus review would minimize the diagnosis of AUS/FLUS with an optimal interobserver agreement and also promote a better cytohistologic concordance. A group of reviewers who were blinded to the corresponding histologic findings simultaneously evaluated a total of 50 aspirates at a multiheaded light microscope. Using the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology as a guideline, a consensus interpretation was reached upon review of each aspirate. Interobserver agreement was calculated and recorded. The cytohistologic correlation was then performed between the consensus interpretation and the corresponding histologic diagnosis. The consensus review reclassified 26 (52%) aspirates as non‐neoplasia/benign, 10 (20%) as follicular neoplasm/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm, 1 (2%) as papillary thyroid carcinoma, and 2 (4%) as nondiagnostic. Eleven (22%) aspirates remained AUS/FLUS. The interobserver agreement across the five diagnostic categories ranged from 71.6% to 100% with an average level of 88.8%. Cytohistologic concordance was achieved in 24 of 26 (92.3%) and 9 of 11 (81.8%) aspirates that were reclassified as non‐neoplasia/benign and neoplasia/malignancy, respectively. A diagnostic accuracy of 89.2% (33/37) was obtained in reclassified cases. In conclusion, the group consensus review minimized AUS/FLUS, offered an optimal level of interobserver agreement, and most importantly, promoted excellent cytohistologic concordance in reclassified cases and, therefore, could play a substantial role in the future in reducing reaspiration and/or unnecessary surgeries. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
The triage efficacy of fine needle aspiration biopsy for follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma using the Bethesda reporting guidelines
Authors: Kurian Elizabeth M. , Dawlett Marilyn , Wang Jianping , Gong Yun , Guo Ming 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDiagnosis of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) by ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is challenging. In this retrospective review, we evaluated triage efficacy (i.e., potential for triggering surgical intervention) in 44 archived FNA biopsies of surgically confirmed FVPTC obtained between December 2006 and December 2008. We compared the original FNA diagnoses with reclassified diagnoses based on 2007 National Cancer Institute (NCI)/Bethesda recommendations, and reviewed FNA cytologic features. Original FNA diagnoses included colloid nodule (7%, 3/44), atypical follicular cells (5%, 2/44), follicular lesion (11%, 5/44), follicular neoplasm (16%, 7/44), suspicious for malignancy/PTC (27%, 12/44), and papillary thyroid carcinoma (34%, 15/44). Reclassified diagnoses included indeterminate (5%, 2/44), colloid nodule (7%, 3/44), atypical cells of undetermined significance [ACUS] (7%, 3/44), Hurthle cell neoplasm (2%, 1/44), follicular neoplasm (7%, 3/44), suspicious for malignancy/PTC (25%, 11/44), and PTC (48%, 21/44). Triage efficacy was 77% (34/44) for original diagnoses versus 82% (36/44) for reclassified FNA diagnoses. We frequently observed cytologic features of PTC, such as nuclear grooves and fine chromatin; conversely, intranuclear inclusions, though present in 77% cases, were scant. Our review findings suggest that lack of characteristic cytologic features of PTC,coexistence with other thyroid lesions, and small tumor size arethe major obstacles to FNA diagnosis of FVPTC. Reclassification of thyroid FNA diagnoses does not significantly improve triage efficacy. Furthermore, FNA diagnoses of follicular neoplasm and suspicious for malignancy are valuable in patients with FVPTC because they trigger triage toward surgical intervention. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012;40:E69–E73. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relationship between serum ferritin and metabolic syndrome in healthy Korean men
Authors: Ryoo Jae‐Hong , Kim Min‐Gi , Lee Da‐Woon , Shin Ju‐Young 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground and objectiveElevated serum ferritin levels have been reported to be associated with several metabolic disorders. We investigated the relationship between serum ferritin level and metabolic syndrome and its components in healthy Korean men.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, serum ferritin level and metabolic syndrome and its components were measured from 18 581 men from January to December in 2008. The presence of metabolic syndrome was determined according to the most recent consensus report of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Third Adult Treatment Panel. Logistic regression models were applied to examine the relationship between the serum ferritin level and the metabolic syndrome and its components.ResultsAfter adjusting for clinical covariates, the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals of metabolic syndrome with respect to Q2, Q3 and Q4 were 1.34 (1.14–1.57), 1.49 (1.24–1.70) and 1.99 (1.70–2.33), respectively (p for trend < 0.001). The multivariable‐adjusted model also showed a significantly graded relationship between individual components of metabolic syndrome and the quartile groups of serum ferritin.ConclusionsIn this study, elevated ferritin concentration is independently associated with metabolic syndrome and its components among healthy Korean men. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BMPR‐II is dispensable for formation of the limb skeleton
Authors: Gamer Laura W. , Tsuji Kunikazu , Cox Karen , Capelo Luciane P. , Lowery Jonathan , Beppu Hideyuki , Rosen Vicki 
Published: May 2011

AbstractInitiation of BMP signaling is dependent upon activation of Type I BMP receptor by constitutively active Type II BMP receptor. Three Type II BMP receptors have been identified; Acvr2a and Acvr2b serve as receptors for BMPs and for activin‐like ligands whereas BMPR‐II functions only as a BMP receptor. As BMP signaling is required for endochondral ossification and loss of either Acvr2a or Acvr2b is not associated with deficits in limb development, we hypothesized that BMPR‐II would be essential for BMP signaling during skeletogenesis. We removed BMPR‐II from early limb mesoderm by crossing BMPR‐II floxed mice with those carrying the Prx1‐Cre transgene. Mice lacking limb expression of BMPR‐II have normal skeletons that could not be distinguished from control littermates. From these data, we conclude that BMPR‐II is not required for endochondral ossification in the limb where loss of BMPR‐II may be compensated by BMP utilization of Acvr2a and Acvr2b. genesis, 00:1‐6, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adiponectin is a negative regulator of antigen‐activated T cells
Authors: Wilk Sabrina , Scheibenbogen Carmen , Bauer Sandra , Jenke Alexander , Rother Madlen , Guerreiro Manuel , Kudernatsch Robert , Goerner Nicole , Poller Wolfgang , Elligsen‐Merkel Diana , Utku Nalan , Magrane Jordi , Volk Hans D. , Skurk Carsten 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAdiponectin (APN), a cytokine constitutively produced in fat tissue, has been shown to exert anti‐inflammatory effects in various disease models. While the influence of APN on monocytic cells has been extensively studied in vitro, little is known about its role in T cells. In this study, we show that while <10% of human peripheral blood T cells express adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) on their surface, most T cells store AdipoRs in intracellular compartments. AdipoRs colocalized with immune regulatory molecules CTLA‐4 and TIRC7 within clathrin‐coated vesicles. After stimulation, the expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and AdipoR2 was upregulated on the surface of antigen‐specific T cells, as determined by tetramer or CD137 staining, and AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 coexpressed with CTLA‐4. Addition of APN resulted in a significant diminution of antigen‐specific T‐cell expansion. Mechanistically, APN enhanced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of antigen‐specific T‐cell lines. Further, APN directly inhibited cytokine production in response to antigen stimulation. In line with the in vitro data, APN‐deficient (knockout, KO) mice had higher frequencies of CD137+ T cells upon Coxsackie B virus infection. Altogether, our data suggest that APN is a novel negative T‐cell regulator. In contrast to the CTLA‐4 ligand B7 only expressed on APCs, APN is abundant in human plasma.
Substrate Hydroxylation by the Oxido–Iron Intermediate in Aromatic Amino Acid Hydroxylases: A DFT Mechanistic Study
Authors: Olsson Elaine , Martinez Aurora , Teigen Knut , Jensen Vidar R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSubstrate hydroxylation by an FeIV=O cluster model of the active center in aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAHs) has been investigated by means of DFT calculations. Whereas benzene was used as a model for the aromatic amino acid substrate, the water‐free FeIV=O cluster model has been used in previous studies of enzyme activation and formation of the hydroxylating intermediate. This cluster model also has the pterin cofactor placed in the first coordination sphere of the iron atom and differs substantially from models used in previous computational studies of AAH‐catalyzed hydroxylations. The formation of the (Fe)O–C(benzene) bond is associated with a free‐energy barrier (12.6 kcal mol–1) that is slightly lower than that calculated previously for the formation of the FeIV=O species. The subsequent steps, the NIH shift and the tautomerization leading to the phenol product are both associated with lower energy barriers. The substrate hydroxylation is followed by protonation of the oxidized iron‐bound cofactor to give the pterin‐4a‐carbinolamine product. The latter is subsequently dissociated upon rebinding of water molecules to produce the hexacoordinate iron complex of the enzyme resting state. Consequently, no product is released before the oxidation of both the substrate and the cofactor has been completed. Finally, the current study completes the catalytic cycle and regenerates the catalyst, with a barrier energy comparable to that of the (Fe)O–C(benzene) bond formation.
Guanidinium‐Based Phosphotungstates and Ionic Liquids as Catalysts and Solvents for the Epoxidation of Olefins with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Gharnati Loubna , Walter Olaf , Arnold Ulrich , Döring Manfred 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSeveral penta‐ and hexaalkylated guanidinium‐based ionic liquids (GILs) were tested as solvents for the epoxidation of cyclooctene using the Venturello catalyst, [(C8H17)3N(CH3)]3[PO4{WO(O2)2}4], and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. Epoxide yields were obtained in a broad range between 13 and 79 % depending on both the anion and the substituents on the guanidinium moiety. Recycling experiments showed that the catalyst can be used at least three times. Furthermore, new guanidinium phosphotungstates with the PW12O403– anion were synthesized and characterized. Their catalytic performance was evaluated, and GILs as well as acetonitrile were employed as the solvent. Results were compared to those obtained with the comparable ammonium‐based catalysts [NR4]3[PW12O40] (R = C4H9, C6H13) and the analogous imidazolium‐based catalyst [BMIM]3[PW12O40] containing the 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium cation. Employing different GILs as solvents, similar results were obtained for the guanidinium and imidazolium catalysts but significantly lower epoxide yields were obtained using the ammonium catalysts. On using acetonitrile as the solvent, guanidinium‐based catalysts exhibited a better performance than the imidazolium catalyst in the case of linear and branched olefins and vice versa in the case of cyclic olefins.
InBr3‐Catalyzed Deoxygenation of Carboxylic Acids with a Hydrosilane: Reductive Conversion of Aliphatic or Aromatic Carboxylic Acids to Primary Alcohols or Diphenylmethanes
Authors: Sakai Norio , Kawana Keita , Ikeda Reiko , Nakaike Yumi , Konakahara Takeo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA simple and practical procedure for the direct reduction of aliphatic carboxylic acids with a variety of functional groups to a primary alcohol using the mild reducing reagent tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS), in the presence of a catalytic amount of InBr3 has been developed. This simple reducing system, when used together with a hydrosilane, allows the preparation of the diphenylmethane derivative directly from an aromatic carboxylic acid and an aromatic compound.