bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of space configuration in the Directorate Building of Politeknik Negeri Pontianak using the space syntax analysis approach
Authors: Sari D P , Kurniadi F , Wibowo T , Bayu C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Directorate Building is an essential component of every university. Apart from operating as a management area, it helps users, particularly employees and students, in their spatial functions. A neglected space plan might lead to insufficient spatial connection. The purpose of this study is to examine the spatial arrangement of the Directorate Building at Politeknik Negeri Pontianak and the extent to which it affects the movement of users inside it. The research used qualitative, with the qualitative method describing the present building’s performance and assessing its intelligibility using depthmap software. The results show that the ideal spatial design is on the third level of the building, with an intelligibility score of 0.693598. It is found that the corridors tend to make the surrounding spaces more private. In terms of territorial zoning, the zoning on the third floor is well suited, resulting in higher configuration value compared to other floors.
Relation between renovation and space density of small-type house in a row house pattern
Authors: Mawantu I M S S Y , Iskandaria H , Pakpahan C A A , Fasya N N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Small type houses answer the need for residential housing in sub-urban areas. The increasing price of land and the affordability of buyers has encouraged the production of small type residential houses to increase. Small type residential houses have a land area of ≥ 90 m2 and a building area of ≥ 36 m2. However, small type residential houses do not fully answer space needs. Small residential houses tend to undergo renovation to meet space needs. This research uses quantitative descriptive methods. This research aims to formulate a pattern for renovating small residential houses using the case study of the Jasmine Cluster, Sawangan, Depok. This research is necessary considering that during the pandemic, homes are the safest areas for quarantine and as a means of self-isolation for those who are infected. The pandemic event has become a valuable lesson, especially for getting a healthy home. Efforts to fill the space in small type houses in the Jasmine Cluster are carried out by renovating the houses vertically and horizontally. The development was carried out because the existing space does not meet needs. Factors that influence the development of this residence are the number of family members and other rooms that are not provided by developers of small type residences. The density levels before and after renovation show significant changes, and become alternative solutions (quarantine and isolation) as a response to future pandemics.
Behavior and comfort during floor usage in gathering activities on Indonesia apartments
Authors: Erwindi C , Kondo K , Asawa T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In response to the development in housing needs, human habits and behavior inside the house have a decisive role, and changes in preference from landed houses to vertical houses should be considered. In correlation with body contact, every activity will involve attachment to a horizontal surface (floor surface), and the vertical surface will impact the surrounding area of human thermal comfort. In a tropical climate like Indonesia, climate, internal space, and the human body are essential interrelated things. Associated with the thermal comfort needs of the human body, direct transfer of thermal conditions and direct contact with the surface will also affect the comfort of living every day in the residential area, represented by the behavior of Indonesians in floor usage for daily activities. This part of the research will focus on describing the behavior in horizontal surface usage and comfort, for which data is collected by using multiple types of questions, such as subjective assessment questionnaires and followed by cluster analysis, to comprehend the result.
Taguchi analysis on finite element results to identify the most influential parameters on stresses after impact-damage
Authors: Arcieri E V , Baragetti S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Impact-damage can reduce the fatigue life of mechanical components as a consequence of premature crack growth due to the occurrence of high residual stresses. In this work, finite element analyses were conducted to evaluate the residual stresses in a 7075-T6 aluminium hourglass specimen for various impact cases. The Taguchi method was applied to the finite element results to identify which parameters most influence the residual stresses in the specimen. The outcomes showed that the impact speed is the most influential factor for axial stresses, followed by the material and the size of the impacting object. The factor that most affects the von Mises stresses is the object size followed by its material and the impact speed.
Preliminary study of the multi—physics design for the support structure of LEM—X space mission
Authors: Lombardi G. , Evangelista Y. , Biancolini M. E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this modern space exploration era, the lunar site offers new opportunities such as the deployment of an X—ray observatory capable of observing half of the sky simultaneously, but also may allowing access to the entire solid angle by exploiting the rotation of the moon around its own axis.
The Lunar Electromagnetic Monitor in X—rays (LEM—X) is an All Sky Monitor for the X—ray band (2–50 keV) based on the concept of coded aperture camera. The basic element is the camera of the Wide Field Monitor and the concept is to realize a ”dome” composed of N identical modules that observe different directions, thus covering an overall simultaneous field of view of 2π in the sky. In this paper, we describe the preliminary study of a support structure for that camera, the design solutions adopted for the most important thermo—mechanical drivers, which have been elaborated and used for the demonstration of compliance to the system requirements with the environment. In particular, we reported some different thermal and mechanical scenario of this preliminary structure and the optimization of critical components with innovative and accurate fem analysis.
Assessment of different forecasting strategies for the breaking load resistance in notched specimens 3d-printed in PLA using additive manufacturing (FFF) technology
Authors: Morettini G. , Palmieri M. , Cianetti F. , Braccesi C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The introduction of fused deposition modelling in the industrial sector to produce functional components in thermoplastic materials, such as PLA, requires knowledge of the performance limits of such elements during the design phase. Predicting the breaking load resistance of notched specimens is essential to evaluate the mechanical performance of components manufactured using this technology. This study compares different methodologies based on the critical distance criterion (TCD) for predicting the static breaking strength of printed notched specimens made with Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology using PLA material. Specimens with different topologies of V-notches were printed according to a standardized configuration. Various analysis techniques were applied to determine the breaking strength of each specimen. By comparing the results obtained with experimental data to assess their accuracy and reliability, it has been demonstrated that these methodologies, coupled with the concept of equivalent elastic material (EMC), can be useful for predicting static breaking load.
Integration of Piezoresistive Sensors into AM Structural Components: Evaluation of Sensor Properties and Its Impact on Component Mechanical Performance
Authors: Staffa A. , Palmieri M. , Morettini G. , Cianetti F. , Braccesi C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has experienced significant growth in recent years, opening new prospects across various sectors, from biomedicine to aerospace. Among these, the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing technology, which deposits material layer by layer, enables the integration of piezoelectric material during the printing process, thereby allowing for the creation of sensors within thermoplastic components. Such sensors have the potential to monitor and detect various internal physical parameters within the component at locations inaccessible to traditional sensors. In this field, scientific research is continuously advancing, primarily aimed at developing sensors with high performance.
In this context, the objective of this study is to assess the measurement properties, both static and dynamic, of sensors produced using this technology and to evaluate the influence on the static and dynamic behavior of the component caused by the incorporation of these sensors within the component itself.
Vulnerability-driven multi-objective topological optimization of aircraft protections
Authors: Annunziata Salvatore , Lomazzi Luca , Giglio Marco , Manes Andrea 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Enhancing the survivability of platforms is paramount for increasing their safety level and limiting the loss of lives. This is particularly important in the military field, where aircraft vulnerability has been studied for decades through specifically developed frameworks. So far, most of the contributions have focused on improving the accuracy of methods for assessing the vulnerability to ballistic projectiles, mainly by advancing our understanding of the penetration of the threat through the components of the platform. Although state-of-the-art solutions allow conducting accurate assessments, the information provided by such methods has not been fully exploited yet for automatically designing corrective solutions and improving the survivability of platforms. For this reason, this work proposes a vulnerability-driven multi-objective topological optimization algorithm for designing protective surfaces. A genetic algorithm is used to describe the Pareto front delimiting the space of solutions characterized by optimal vulnerability and weight. The number of clusters that constitute the protections proposed by the optimization algorithm is minimized by adopting a spatial filter that penalizes fragmented designs. The framework is demonstrated through a case study involving a portion of a realistic remotely piloted aircraft system impacted by ballistic projectiles.
Analysis of Energy Consumption for electric motorcycles depending on vehicle configuration and driving cycles
Authors: Niccolai A , Berzi L , Barone F , Baldanzini N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article presents an analysis of energy consumption for battery electric motorcycles (BEM) based on vehicle configuration and driving cycles. The study investigates the impact of two architectures: rear-wheel regenerative (RWR), and two-wheel regenerative (2WR) on consumption. For the analysis, the study considered the effect of various parameters on the longitudinal vehicle dynamics such as speed profiles (WMTC, real-world profile), longitudinal road slope (from -5° to 5° with 0.5° step increment), and 5 different brake distributions. The research employs simulation techniques using the Matlab/Simulink environment to develop a simplified longitudinal vehicle dynamics model (1 DOF) and for the implementation of a serial brake-blending control strategy. The results of the analysis provide energy potential regeneration and insight into the sensitivity of energy consumption to road slope variations, powertrain working points, and potential energy harvesting. The findings contribute to a valuation of the factors that influence energy consumption in electric motorcycles and have implications for the development of vehicle architectures through accurate range assessment on real-world riding conditions and provide valuable information for powertrain components right-sizing.
Impact of sand feed rate on the damage of railway wheel steels
Authors: Zani N , Shu K , Ghidini L , Petrogalli C , Mazzù A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The global railway industry plays a pivotal role in economic development, offering efficient transportation solutions. However, railways operating in desert environments face unique challenges due to windblown sand. This study investigates the influence of sand feed rates on wheel-rail wear in desert conditions. Experimental tests were conducted using a bidisc apparatus to simulate sand feed rates. Results indicate that low feed rates lead to spalling and pitting, while high rates increase abrasive and fatigue wear. A critical transition point at 0.4 g/min suggests sand-induced abrasion of wheel surfaces. Moreover, the research highlights the crucial role of sand feed rates not only in wear but also in surface roughness, further emphasizing the complex interplay between sand transport rates, adhesion, and wear mechanisms. These insights provide valuable guidance for mitigating wear-related challenges in desert railway operations and optimizing maintenance strategies.
Product Re-Design Towards Sustainability: a Case Study of a Mass-Production Device
Authors: Moreschini M. , Migliavacca A. , Mansutti A. , Ilare D. , Guagliano M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sustainability issues are nowadays embedded in society and organizations cannot avoid tackling them. Product design represents the phase in which 80% of the overall emissions are determined, thus the one on which changes should be realized. In some industrial sectors the environmental impact has never been accounted systematically during the conceptualization phase. The resulting products are consequently characterized by poor environmental performances, that have a deep negative effect if realized on a mass production scale. A sustainable re-design and process innovation approach is therefore required. This is the objective of this research, that uses Rold Washing Machine Doorlock as a case study example. After the realization of a cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the component under exam, design and process modifications are identified. The assessment is not limited to the proposal of environmentally improved versions of the product. A barrier towards sustainability adoption is represented by the common perception of its unaffordability. It is important for the identified solutions leading to improved ecological performances, but they should be sustainable for the company also in financial terms. At this purpose, for each proposed change, a technical assessment of the operational steps required is performed, together with an economic analysis. The resulting re-engineered product passes all the desired conditions, and the methodology applied can be extended to every other sector facing the same issue.
Development of a biofabricated 3D in vitro vessel model for investigating transendothelial migration in stem cell therapy
Authors: Wachendörfer Mattis , Palkowitz Alena Lisa , Fischer Horst 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Systemic stem cell therapies hold promise for treating severe diseases, but their efficiency is hampered by limited migration of injected stem cells across vascular endothelium towards diseased tissues. Understanding transendothelial migration is crucial for improving therapy outcomes. We propose a novel 3D in vitro vessel model that aids to unravel these mechanisms and thereby facilitates stem cell therapy development. Our model simulates inflammation through cytokine diffusion from the tissue site into the vessel. It consists of a biofabricated vessel embedded in a fibrin hydrogel, mimicking arterial wall composition with smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The perfusable channel is lined with a functional endothelium which expresses vascular endothelial cadherin, provides an active barrier function, aligns with flow direction and is reconstructed by in situ two-photon-microscopy. Inflammatory cytokine release (tumor necrosis factor α, stromal-derived factor (1) is demonstrated in both a transwell assay and the 3D model. In proof-of-principle experiments, mesoangioblasts, known as a promising candidate for a stem cell therapy against muscular dystrophies, are injected into the vessel model, showing shear-resistant endothelial adhesion under capillary-like flow conditions. Our 3D in vitro model offers significant potential to study transendothelial migration mechanisms of stem cells, facilitating the development of improved stem cell therapies.
Influences of preheating parameters on the quality of weld by thermite rail welding
Authors: Burapa Romadorn , Oo Hein Zaw , Sangwiman Wissarut , Muangjunburee Prapas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The major goal of this study is to enhance the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of rail steel grade R260 joined by thermite welding under various preheating conditions, including preheating time and gas pressure. Mainly two conditions, referred to as the Normal Condition and Improved Condition, are carried out for experiments. Prior to welding, the Normal Condition was preheated using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and oxygen gas pressures of 1 bar and 4.5 bar for 3 min, and the Improved Condition was preheated using liquefied petroleum gas and oxygen gas pressures of 1.2 bar and 4.5 bar for 6 min and 30 s. To investigate the mechanical and physical properties, micro-Vickers hardness tests, tensile tests and slow bending tests were also carried out. Welded metal in Normal Condition has many defects, including gas holes and shrinkage cavities. When comparing the Normal Condition to the Improved Condition, the Improved Condition demonstrates significantly more bending load and deflection. Specifically, the thermite welded rail sample of Improved Condition demonstrated a remarkable ability to endure bending loads of 108 tonnes and a deflection of 16 mm, and this sample remained unbroken until it exceeded 50% of the standardized deflection limit (10 mm). In addition, the average hardness values for the Improved Condition of the weld metal zone and the heat-affected zone were 331 HV and 289 HV, respectively. The Normal Condition produced an unsatisfactory fracture surface after slow bending test. This was caused by weld defects at the thermite weld due to inappropriate preheating.
Joint modeling of gene-environment correlations and interactions using polygenic risk scores in case-control studies
Authors: Wang Ziqiao , Shi Wen , Carroll Raymond J , Chatterjee Nilanjan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are rapidly emerging as a way to measure disease risk by aggregating multiple genetic variants. Understanding the interplay of the PRS with environmental factors is critical for interpreting and applying PRSs in a wide variety of settings. We develop an efficient method for simultaneously modeling gene-environment correlations and interactions using the PRS in case-control studies. We use a logistic-normal regression modeling framework to specify the disease risk and PRS distribution in the underlying population and propose joint inference across the 2 models using the retrospective likelihood of the case-control data. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate the flexibility of the method in trading-off bias and efficiency for the estimation of various model parameters compared with standard logistic regression or a case-only analysis for gene-environment interactions, or a control-only analysis, for gene-environment correlations. Finally, using simulated case-control data sets within the UK Biobank study, we demonstrate the power of our method for its ability to recover results from the full prospective cohort for the detection of an interaction between long-term oral contraceptive use and the PRS on the risk of breast cancer. This method is computationally efficient and implemented in a user-friendly R package.
Plasma albumin, bilirubin, and uric acid and the subsequent risk of cancer: a case-cohort study in the Japan Public Health Center–based Prospective Study
Authors: Ihira Hikaru , Nakano Shiori , Yamaji Taiki , Katagiri Ryoko , Sawada Norie , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro , Iwasaki Motoki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Several epidemiologic studies have investigated the circulating levels of albumin, bilirubin, and uric acid (UA) in relation to cancer risk; however, they have provided equivocal evidence. In this prospective case-cohort study, we measured the plasma levels of albumin, bilirubin, and UA and investigated their association with cancer incidence in 3584 case patients and 4270 randomly selected participants with a median follow-up of 15.8 years. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of total cancer for the highest quartile (Q4) versus lowest quartile (Q1) was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P &lt;.001 for trend) for albumin. This association was attenuated after excluding liver cancer cases with lower plasma albumin levels. Plasma bilirubin levels were positively related to liver cancer but inversely to total cancer after excluding liver cancer with, for Q4 versus Q1, an adjusted HR of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.74-0.99; P = .015 for trend). Plasma UA levels were not dose-responsively associated with total cancer risk. Higher plasma bilirubin levels were associated with a decreased risk of total cancer after excluding liver cancer, which is likely attributed to the antioxidant properties of bilirubin.
Suicide deaths involving opioid poisoning in the United States, by sex, 1999-2021
Authors: Hoopsick Rachel A , Yockey R Andrew , Campbell Benjamin M , Sauda Tonazzina H , Khan Tourna N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Suicide remains a leading cause of death in the United States, and recent data suggest suicide deaths involving opioids are increasing. Given unprecedented increases in drug-poisoning deaths, suicidality, and suicide deaths in recent years, an updated examination of the trends in suicide deaths involving opioids is warranted. In this descriptive epidemiologic analysis, we leverage final and provisional mortality data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s WONDER database to examine trends in suicide deaths involving opioid poisoning from 1999 to 2021 by biological sex. Results reveal complex changes over time: the number and age-adjusted rate of suicide deaths involving opioid poisoning among male and female residents tended to track together, and both increased through 2010, but then diverged, with the number and rate of suicide deaths involving opioid poisoning among female residents outpacing that of male residents. However, the number and rate of suicide deaths involving opioid poisoning among male residents then began to stabilize, while that of female residents declined, closing the sex-based gap. Across all years of data, the proportion of suicide deaths that involved opioid poisoning was consistently higher among female decedents (5.8%-11.0%) compared with male decedents (1.4%-2.8%). Findings have implications for improved suicide prevention and harm reduction efforts.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.