bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenging the Traditional Counter‐Current Water Circulation System Case: Washing of Soap in a Kraft Pulp Fibreline
Authors: Ala‐Kaila Kari , Poukka Outi , Tervola Pekka 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWould it be possible to challenge the traditional counter‐current water circulation system in a way that enables better soap washability, and thus improves process runnability in the kraft pulp fibreline? New water circulation alternatives were simulated in order to find ways to modify dissolved solids contents in the liquors and thus to improve soap washability. An application of using different fractions of liquors in dilution washing proved to be an interesting alternative. The presented modification principles should be applicable also in other branches of the chemical industry, especially when solubility is a limiting factor in washing.
Cisplatin and PI3kinase inhibition decrease invasion and migration of human ovarian carcinoma cells and regulate matrix‐metalloproteinase expression
Authors: Karam Amer K. , Santiskulvong Chintda , Fekete Mirela , Zabih Sara , Eng Carol , Dorigo Oliver 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTargeting of the PI3K (phosphoinositide3‐kinase)/Akt/mTOR pathway in human ovarian cancer cells is a promising novel therapeutic strategy. We investigated the effects of cisplatin and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 on invasion, migration and the expression of essential matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in ovarian cancer cells. SKOV3, OVCAR5 and IGROV1 human ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with cisplatin, LY294002 and a combination of both drugs. Invasion and migration of treated cells was assessed using Matrigel and uncoated PET membrane assays. Expression levels of pro‐MMP2, MMP2, TIMP1, TIMP2 and MT1‐MMP were determined using Western Blotting. Gel zymography was used to quantitate the functional levels of active MMP2. All three cell lines showed significantly reduced invasion and migration after treatment with cisplatin, LY294002, and the combination of both drugs compared to untreated controls. In SKOV3 cells, cisplatin alone and in combination with LY294002 resulted in a 6.3 and 7.1‐fold reduction in the total amount of activated MMP2. TIMP1 expression decreased by 5.0, 6.6 and 28.4‐fold with cisplatin, LY294002 and the combination respectively (P < 0.05). In contrast, only cisplatin and the combination of both drugs resulted in a significant, 3.7 and 5.1‐fold reduction in the level of TIMP2. Expression levels of MT1‐MMP remained unchanged. These observations were corroborated in IGROV1 cell lines that showed similar changes of activated MMP2 and TIMP2 expression, but no significant decrease in TIMP1 levels. Our data suggests that inhibition of ovarian cancer cell motility is mediated via down‐regulation of activated MMP2, TIMP1 and TIMP2 expression under these treatment conditions. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A generic framework for constructing cross‐realm C2C‐PAKA protocols based on the smart card
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhu Wen‐Tao , Jin Wen‐Ting 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA cross‐realm client‐to‐client password‐authenticated key agreement (C2C‐PAKA) protocol allows network clients from different realms managed by different servers to agree on a session key in an authentic manner based on easily memorizable passwords. In this paper, we present a generic framework for constructing a cross‐realm C2C‐PAKA protocol from any secure smart card‐based password authentication (PA‐SC) protocol. The security proof of our construction can be derived from the underlying PA‐SC protocol employing the same assumptions. Our generic framework appears to be the first one with provable security. In addition, compared with similar protocols, the instantiation of our construction achieves improved efficiency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid Prototyping of Low‐Loss IR Chalcogenide‐Glass Waveguides by Controlled Remelting
Authors: Rowlands Christopher J. , Su Lei , Elliott Stephen R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA method for fabricating infrared‐transmitting waveguides that yields low optical losses and strong confinement of light is presented. The method minimises the number of fabrication steps by exploiting the photosensitivity of arsenic trisulfide glass, using it both as a photoresist and as a waveguiding material. Controlled annealing/remelting of the waveguides minimises scattering due to fluctuations in refractive index at the interface between the waveguide and the surrounding medium, allowing low losses to be realised. Bends and Y‐splitter structures have been realised, as well as the longest As2S3 serpentine planar waveguides yet reported.
Toxicity Response of Electroactive Microbial Biofilms—A Decisive Feature for Potential Biosensor and Power Source Applications
Authors: Patil Sunil , Harnisch Falk , Schröder Uwe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHerein, we investigate the effect of exemplary biocides on wastewater‐derived electroactive microbial biofilms. We show that the current response of these biofilms as a measure of their bioelectrocatalytic performance is not affected by the presence of antimicrobial compounds such as the sulfonamide‐based antibiotics sulfamethaxozole and sulfadiazin, the disinfectant chloramine B and the metal ions Cu2+, Ag+, Pb2+, and Hg2+, even at concentrations an order of magnitude higher than average concentrations of these compounds in wastewaters. In contrast to the electroactive biofilms, planktonic cells of the same origin, studied in a mediator‐based microbial fuel cell, are massively affected by the presence of the antimicrobial agents.
The Effect of Trivalent Cations on the Performance of Mg‐M‐CO3 Layered Double Hydroxides for High‐Temperature CO2 Capture
Authors: Wang Qiang , Tay Hui Huang , Ng Desmond Jia Wei , Chen Luwei , Liu Yan , Chang Jie , Zhong Ziyi , Luo Jizhong , Borgna Armando 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of trivalent cations on the performance of Mg‐M‐CO3 (M=Al, Fe, Ga, Mn) layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for high‐temperature CO2 capture is systematically investigated for the first time. We demonstrate that the M3+ determines the structure evolution of LDH derivatives under thermal treatment, and finally influences the CO2 capture capacity. Very different calcination temperatures are required for the different LDHs to obtain their maximum CO2 capture capacities. To have a clear understanding of the reason behind these big differences the physicochemical properties, thermal stability, and memory effect of the LDHs were investigated. Both the thermal stability and the memory effect of LDHs are greatly influenced by the type of trivalent cation. The CO2 capture capacities were also evaluated under various conditions. Another important finding of this work is that the quasi‐amorphous phase obtained by thermal treatment at the lowest possible temperature gives the highest CO2 capture capacity.
Thin‐Film Composite Materials as a Dielectric Layer for Flexible Metal–Insulator–Metal Capacitors
Authors: Tiwari Jitendra N. , Meena Jagan Singh , Wu Chung‐Shu , Tiwari Rajanish N. , Chu Min‐Ching , Chang Feng‐Chih , Ko Fu‐Hsiang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new organic–organic nanoscale composite thin‐film (NCTF) dielectric has been synthesized by solution deposition of 1‐bromoadamantane and triblock copolymer (Pluronic P123, BASF, EO20‐PO70‐EO20), in which the precursor solution has been achieved with organic additives. We have used a sol‐gel process to make a metal–insulator–metal capacitor (MIM) comprising a nanoscale (10 nm‐thick) thin‐film on a flexible polyimide (PI) substrate at room temperature. Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope revealed that the deposited NCTFs were crack‐free, uniform, highly resistant to moisture absorption, and well adhered on the Au–Cr/PI. The electrical properties of 1‐bromoadamantane‐P123 NCTF were characterized by dielectric constant, capacitance, and leakage current measurements. The 1‐bromoadamantane‐P123 NCTF on the PI substrate showed a low leakage current density of 5.5×10−11 A cm−2 and good capacitance of 2.4 fF at 1 MHz. In addition, the calculated dielectric constant of 1‐bromoadamantane‐P123 NCTF was 1.9, making them suitable candidates for use in future flexible electronic devices as a stable intermetal dielectric. The electrical insulating properties of 1‐bromoadamantane‐P123 NCTF have been improved due to the optimized dipole moments of the van der Waals interactions.
Epithelioid angiomyolipoma of kidney with atypical nuclear features and intranuclear inclusions on cytology
Authors: Ingle Abhijit , Kumar Brijesh , Menon Santosh , Bakshi Ganesh , Desai Subhash , Shet Tanuja 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDescribed herein are the cytological findings of epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) of the kidney with atypical nuclear features mistaken for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a 61‐year‐old male patient.Aspirates from this large renal mass were cellular and showed epithelioid cell clusters with focally crowded nuclei showing moderate anisonucleosis, small nucleoli, and prominent eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions. Failure to recognize the scanty adipose tissue component and preponderance of epithelioid cells with nuclear pleomorphism lead to a diagnosis of RCC on cytology.On histology, the tumor was essentially composed of epithelioid and spindle cells that showed the typical immunoprofile of an angiomyolipoma and only occasional foci of typical AML were seen. The hilar lymph node was involved in contiguity. However, in view of lack of obvious features of malignancy, the tumor was labeled as EAML with atypical features. Immunocytochemistry on the destained cytology aspirates revealed strong smooth muscle actin staining of all cells.To conclude, EAML can mimic a RCC. In such instances, lack of arborizing vasculature, absence of cytoplasmic fatty vacoulation, crowded nuclei with intranuclear inclusions, and lack of prominent nucleoli along with typical immunophenotype of EAML may assist in the cytology diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:278–282. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of p16 immunostaining to predict high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with Pap results of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance
Authors: Guo Ming , Warriage Irfan , Mutyala Bramara , Patel Shobha , Lin E. , Gong Yun , Sneige Nour 
Published: July 2010

Abstractp16 immunostaining has been examined to detect high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade (CIN2+) in Pap cytology specimens. However, the utility of p16 in predicting CIN2+ in Pap specimens with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) or atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasm (ASC‐H), is controversial. In this study, we evaluated the utility of p16 immunostaining for predicting CIN2+ in 78 Pap specimens with ASC‐US/ASC‐H and compared the results in high‐risk HPV DNA and the follow‐up biopsies. p16 immunostaining was positive in 47% (37/78) of the Pap specimens. Of the 13 Pap specimens with follow‐up biopsy results of CIN2+, 7 (54%) were positive for p16. p16 positivity in the Pap specimens was not significantly associated with a CIN2+ biopsy result (P = 0.76). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of p16 immunostaining for predicting CIN2+ were 54%, 52%, 19%, and 85%, respectively. High‐risk HPV DNA was detected in 40% (31/78) of the Pap specimens. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of HPV DNA for predicting CIN2+ were 100%, 72%, 42%, and 100%, respectively. High‐risk HPV genotypes were detected in six p16‐negative specimens with follow‐up biopsy results of CIN2+. Our findings suggest that the utility of p16 immunostaining for predicting CIN2+ in Pap specimens with ASC‐US/ASC‐H is limited. Scant abnormal cells in Pap specimens with ASC‐US/ASC‐H may have contributed to the low p16 sensitivity. Diagn. Cytopathol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasmablastic lymphoma of the cecum: Report of a case with cytologic findings
Authors: Hatanaka Kazuhito , Nakamura Naoya , Kishimoto Koji , Sugino Keishi , Uekusa Toshimasa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPlasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare lymphoma that is characterized by a diffuse proliferation of large neoplastic cells resembling B immunoblasts, but shows the immunophenotype of plasma cells. PBL is most commonly seen in the oral cavity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients. Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) may be closely related the pathogenesis of PBL. We report a case of HIV‐negative PBL in a 75‐year‐old man without EBV infection. Histologic examination of the cecal tumor following right hemicolectomy and cytologic examination of ascitic fluid were performed. Cytologic specimens were hypercellular and composed of single cells and loosely formed clusters. Large tumor cells showed plasmacytoid features with basophilic cytoplasm, large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and focal perinuclear halos. Abnormal mitotic figures were easily identified. On immnohistologic study, the tumor cells were positive for CD138 (plasma cell marker) and kappa, but negative for CD45, CD3, CD20, CD79a, CD56, and cyclin D1. The proliferation index (Ki‐67) was high. This is a very rare case of PBL without HIV and EBV infection, involving the cecum. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:297–300. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pax8: A marker for carcinoma of Müllerian origin in serous effusions
Authors: Tong Guo‐Xia , Devaraj Kalpana , Hamele‐Bena Diane , Yu Woojin M. , Turk Andrew , Chen Xiaowei , Wright Jason D. , Greenebaum Ellen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPAX8 is a nuclear transcription factor with limited expression in normal and neoplastic tissues in a cell lineage‐dependent manner. PAX8 has been detected in embryonic Müllerian ducts, human fallopian tubes, and ovarian carcinomas. However, little is known about its expression in other areas of the female genital tract. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to examine PAX8 expression in the normal uterine corpus and cervix, malignant tumors arising from these sites, and malignant effusions. We reported here that PAX8 was also detected in endometrial epithelial cells and endocervical glands, with a lower expression level in the latter, but not in the stromal cells of these areas. All endometrial carcinomas (N = 52) were positive for PAX8, whereas endocervical adenocarcinomas (N = 5) and uterine leiomyosarcomas (N = 3) were negative for PAX8. PAX8 was detected in 70% (22/31) and 68.8% (11/16) of metastatic carcinomas of the ovary and endometrium in serous effusions, respectively. No PAX8 was detected in carcinomas of nongynecologic origin or noncarcinomas (N = 71) in serous effusions except in one renal‐cell carcinoma and one carcinoma of unknown primary in a woman. In addition, papillary serous carcinomas of the peritoneum (N = 10) were diffusely positive for PAX8, implying a Müllerian origin similar to malignant tumors in the female genital tract. Our findings suggest that PAX8 is an additional IHC marker for carcinomas of Müllerian origin hence we recommend including PAX8 for evaluation of malignant serous effusions in women, especially when tumors of Müllerian origin are in the differential diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Voluntary work and the environment: The scope for local initiatives
Authors: Falk Nicholas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPerhaps more than in any other area voluntary organisations play an enormous role in environmental protection and improvement. In the light of recent case studies in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, Nicholas Falk discusses the role of voluntary work throughout Western Europe, the stages and problems of its growth and the ways in which government could encourage this process.
Assessing the environmental impacts of land use; What role for economic assessment?
Authors: Whitby Martin C. , Adger W. Neil 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHow do governments choose from the range of instruments and policies available in the environmental planning and protection process? Martin Whitby and Neil Adger examine the physical evaluation methods of land use change and greenhouse gases, the tacit value of the environment within the agriculture and conservation policies of the UK and the techniques of economic environmental evaluation. They suggest that as the techniques and costs of collecting and interpreting environmental information improve, a more rational choice of environmental l policy should follow.
Transport and the environment: From technical to structural solutions
Authors: Arp Henning A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe movement of people and goods within Europe Is set to Increase significantly as European integration continues. While integration carries marked benefits for all Europeans, the environmental price paid for mobility is already substantial and will increase dramatically if present patterns continue. Henning Arp discusses the options available to minimise these costs, and suggests that a change of emphasis is vital if widespread environmental damage is to be averted.
Environmentausm in Bulgaria: What colour are the greens?
Authors: Georgieva Kristalina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe environmental movement has played a central role in the recent political changes in Central and Eastern Europe. Kristalina Georgieva discusses the role of the environmental movement in Bulgaria, finding that although environmentalists found prominent positions in post‐reform governments, agreement on environmental issues has since been divided across party boundaries as the political climate matures.
Strategic environmental assessment: Evaluating the impacts of european policies, plans and programmes
Authors: Wilson Elizabeth 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe integration of environmental protection requirements into wider economic and governmental policies could drastically increase the significance of environmental considerations in all aspects of policy making. Both collectively and individually, the member states of the EC have committed themselves to such policy integration. However, despite its vital role in promoting sustainability, a formal commitment to assess and reduce the impact of wider policies through strategic environmental assessment has been avoided, as Elizabeth Wilson discusses.
Evaluating techniques for Eco‐balances and life cycle assessment
Authors: Baumgartner Thomas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEco‐balances or Life Cycle Assessment form the basis of the EC's Eco‐labelling scheme. However, assessing the total environmental impact of a product or material is a complex task, a challenge which is leading to the evolution of new scientific methodologies and analytical frameworks. Presenting the findings of a study undertaken for the EC, Thomas Baumgartner and Frieder Rubik outline the current status of the eco‐balance process.
Ireland's environmental protection agency act 1992: An overview
Authors: Geraghty P. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecent developments in Irish environmental policy have paved the way for the establishment of an environmental agency to monitor environmental quality and enforce regulations. Irish proposals for an agency for integrated pollution monitoring and control are very much in keeping with current EC thinking as outlined in the Fifth Environmental Action Programme and by the proposed European Environment Agency. P J Geraghty examines the new Irish legislation and outlines some of the reactions that it has drawn.
Genetic modification and the environment: EC directives and the genesis of UK regulation
Authors: Barling David 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe rapid advances in bio‐technology that have been witnessed in recent years have been matched by an increase in concern associated with both the moral dimensions and the possible environmental impacts of genetically modified organisms. Recognising both the potential threats and benefits, the EC has responded through the adoption of two directives controlling the use and release of GMOs. David Barling discusses the development of EC regulations and charts their application in the UK, finding that the common problem of equal enforcement may limit the potential of the EC in this field.
Environmental monitoring in the European Union
Authors: Bayliss Duncan , Walker Gordon 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA comparison was undertaken of the environmental monitoring occurring in four EU cities. This aimed to establish the nature and pattern of the monitoring activity at the local level across environmental media and also the accessibility of the results to third parties. Significant differences are found in both the pattern of what is monitored and also the methodologies used. The arrangements for access to data very widely. Reasons for the differences in monitoring at the local level are considered and the implications for making international comparisons, especially of compliance with legal requirements, are discussed.
Going dutch in environmental policy: A case of shared responsibility
Authors: Tuininga Eric‐Jan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDutch experience with environmental policy since 1989 is often cited as a laudable example which other governments might follow. But after five years of hard work and three National Environmental Policy Plans (NEPPs), the effectiveness of these policy plans is still being debated, particularly in the Netherlands itself. What has become clear is that environmental policy is more than writing plans, and, as recent Dutch experience has established, the major challenges lie in implementation. As this paper will discuss, while Dutch environmental policy has set ambitious goals and developed some innovative policy mechanisms with which to reach them, its performance should be judged not on the basis of its design, but rather on the basis of its results.
Towards sustainability in the travel and tourism industry
Authors: Hawkins Rebecca 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTravel and tourism is one of Europe's fastest growing industries. While in many instances its economic benefits are of paramount importance, notably in relation to the contribution tourism can make to otherwise economically disadvantaged areas, it also has significant negative impacts. This paper examines the relations between travel and tourism development and the environment and proposes ways in which the industry can protect the environment upon which its future depends.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Studies of (Aryloxido)magnesium Complexes
Authors: Ejfler Jolanta , Krauzy‐Dziedzic Katarzyna , Szafert Sławomir , Jerzykiewicz Lucjan B. , Sobota Piotr 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe reaction of MgBu2 with 1 equiv. of four‐coordinating (R)‐ or rac‐N,N‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylbenzyl‐2‐hydroxy)tetrahydrofurfurylamine (R/rac‐bpthfa‐H2) gave dinuclear homoleptic [Mg(μ‐R/rac‐bpthfa)]2 (R/rac‐2c) as white powders in54–67 % yields. Analogous reactions of MgBu2 with 2 equiv. of two‐coordinating N‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylbenzyl‐2‐hydroxy)‐N‐methylcyclohexanamine (tbpca‐H; 1e‐H) and (S)‐N‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylbenzyl‐2‐hydroxy)‐N,α‐dimethylbenzylamine(S‐tbpmpa‐H; S‐1f‐H) gave white crystals of homoleptic mononuclear compounds of general formula [Mg(L)2] (2e and S‐2f) in 87–89 % yields. The resulting aminophenolates were characterized by spectroscopic methods and, in the case of R‐2c and S‐2f, by X‐ray crystallography. The new complexes R/rac‐2c, 2e, and S‐2f, as well as the previously described homo‐ and heteroleptic tetranuclear [Mg(ddbfo)2]4 (2a), [Mg(thffo)2]4 (2b), [Mg4(μ3‐OMe)2(μ,η2‐ddbfo)2(μ,η1‐ddbfo)2(η1‐ddbfo)2(MeOH)5]·CH3OH·thf (3a·CH3OH·thf) and [Mg4(μ3,η2‐thffo)2(μ,η2‐thffo)2(Ph3SiO)2] (4b), were tested in the polymerization of lactide to reveal good activity only in the case of mononuclear four‐coordinate species grafted with an external donor, benzyl alcohol.