bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terahertz Wave Absorption Spectroscopy of Gases
Authors: Wilke Ingrid 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article discusses gas analysis using terahertz (THz) wave spectroscopy in scientific research and industry. THz wave spectroscopy is performed with electromagnetic radiation in the THz frequency range. THz wave spectroscopy has attracted great interest in recent years due to the development of improved THz wave radiation sources and THz wave radiation detectors as well as novel THz wave spectroscopy systems. THz wave spectroscopy is a powerful method for trace gas analysis.

THz wave absorption measurements provide selective identification of polar gas molecules through their characteristic rotational spectra. The quantum mechanics of molecular rotations for spherical molecular rotors, linear molecular rotors, and symmetric rotors is outlined. Exemplary measurements of the THz wave absorption spectra of dinitrogen oxide (N
2
O), chloromethane (CH
3
Cl), and methanol (CH
3
OH) recorded between 220 GHz and 330 GHz are presented and discussed. The approach to and performance of a state‐of‐the‐art electronic THz wave absorption spectrometer operating in the 220–330 GHz frequency band are explained and illustrated. The capability of electronic THz wave spectrometers to detect a gas with high sensitivity and selectivity in a gas mixture is described for samples of gas isotopes and volatile organic compounds.
Non‐Targeted Analysis of Plastic Additives
Authors: Sühring Roxana , Fries Eric 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article presents an examination of non‐targeted analysis and suspect‐screening approaches in the identification and measurement of plastic additives and related contaminants. Four distinct case studies are highlighted, each demonstrating the utility of these techniques in various environmental contexts. The first study utilizes non‐targeted analysis for rapid fingerprinting of microplastics, illuminating sources of plastic pollution. The second investigation emphasizes the role of particle size in the leaching of plastic additives used in tires, with non‐targeted analysis revealing differences in chemical profiles based on particle size. The third case study introduces the novel technique of ‘smart suspect screening’, combining non‐targeted analysis and suspect screening to identify environmentally relevant compounds and their transformation products in the environment. The final study demonstrates the power of suspect screening in characterizing persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) plastic additives. Together, these case studies underscore the value of non‐targeted analysis and suspect screening in addressing plastic pollution as a complex chemical mixture problem, advancing our understanding of emerging contaminant threats from plastics. Rigorous data filtering, quality assurance, and reporting standards are emphasized to ensure the credibility and utility of the obtained results.
High‐Detectivity UV–Visible–NIR Broadband Polymer Photodetector with Polymer Charge Blocking Layer Cross‐Linked by Organic Photocrosslinker
Authors: Jung Hyocheol , Nguyen Tai , Kim Soyeon , Lee Jae Woong , Yu Hyeonggeun , Park Junsung , Lim Chanwoo , Lee Jihoon , Kim Do Young 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUltraviolet (UV), visible, and near‐infrared (NIR) broadband organic photodetectors are fabricated by sequential solution‐based thin film coatings of a polymer electron blocking layer (EBL) and a polymer photoactive layer. To avoid damage to a preceding polymer EBL during a subsequent solution‐based film coating of a polymer photoactive layer due to lack of solvent orthogonality, 2‐(((4‐azido‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzoyl)oxy)methyl)−2‐ethylpropane‐1,3‐diyl bis(4‐azido‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzoate) (FPA‐3F) is used as a novel organic cross‐linking agent activated by UV irradiation with a wavelength of 254 nm. Solution‐processed poly[N,N′‐bis(4‐butylphenyl)‐N,N′‐bis(phenyl)‐benzidine] (poly‐TPD) films, which are cross‐linked with a FPA‐3F photocrosslinker, are used for a preceding polymer EBL. A ternary blend film composed of PTB7‐Th, COi8DFIC, and PC71BM is used as a NIR‐sensitive organic photoactive layer with strong photosensitivity in multispectral (UV–visible–NIR) wavelengths of 300–1,050 nm. Poly‐TPD films are successfully cross‐linked even with a very small amount of 1 wt% FPA‐3F. Small amounts of FPA‐3F have little detrimental effect on the electrical and optoelectronic properties of the cross‐linked poly‐TPD EBL. Finally, organic NIR photodetectors with a poly‐TPD EBL cross‐linked by the small addition of FPA‐3F (1 wt%) show the detectivity values higher than 1 × 1012 Jones for the entire UV–visible–NIR wavelengths from 300 nm to 1050 nm, and the maximum detectivity values of 1.41 × 1013 Jones and 8.90 × 1012 Jones at the NIR wavelengths of 900 and 1000 nm, respectively.
Poly(ester‐alt‐acetal) Electrolyte via In Situ Copolymerization for High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries: Lithium Salt Catalysts Deciding Stable Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Guo Jiafang , Liu Xiong , Shen Zikai , Lv Yanbing , Zhang Xun , Zhang Chengjian , Zhang Xinghong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe in situ‐formed polymer electrolytes provide a vital solution for improving both safety and performance in the high‐voltage lithium metal batteries. This study reports new poly(ester‐alt‐acetal) (PEA) electrolytes, synthesized through in situ alternating copolymerization of glutaric anhydride and 1,3‐dioxane. In the presence of 25 wt.% lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), three lithium salts, lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), and lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) are employed as the catalysts for the copolymerization. These lithium salts can modulate the compositions of the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. PEA‐LiPF6 exhibits outstanding SEI chemistry, with observing the highest LiF content, thereby achieving a remarkable critical current density of up to 2.5 mA cm−2, a Li+ transference number of 0.81, and an expansive electrochemical stability window of 6.0 V. Furthermore, PEA‐LiPF6 demonstrates noteworthy capacity retention rates of 96.6% (0.5 C, 200th/first cycle in LiFePO4||Li), 95.6% (0.5 C, 100th/first cycle in LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4||Li), 95.1% (1 C, 100th/first cycle in LiCoO2||Li), and 87.0% (1 C, 100th/first cycle in LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2||Li full‐cells). This work demonstrates a facile in situ route to fabricate polymer electrolytes for high‐voltage lithium‐metal batteries with balanced and comprehensive performance.
Sodium–Sulfur Cells with a Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Cathode and a Localized High Concentration Electrolyte with Toluene as a Nonfluorinated Diluent
Authors: Pai Min‐Hao , Lai Tianxing , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRoom‐temperature sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are recognized as promising candidates for next‐generation scalable energy storage systems due to their high energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, several challenges persist, including the shuttle effect of polysulfide and the compatibility of sodium metal with electrolytes. Herein, the study presents a novel type of localized high‐concentration electrolyte (LHCE), utilizing a cost‐effective, low‐density nonfluorinated diluent, toluene, in contrast to the conventional fluorinated diluents. Based on density functional theory calculations and sodium stripping/plating behavior, toluene demonstrates better reduction stability than other aromatic solvents with different substitutions. Also, compared to the 1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl‐2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl‐ether (TTE) diluent, toluene exhibits enhanced compatibility with sodium metal. Furthermore, it modifies the solvation structure by favoring anion‐dominated species, which contributes to the formation of a robust inorganic‐rich solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) with better Na‐ion transport. Consequently, Na–S cells featuring sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathode with the developed LHCE exhibit good cycling stability with high capacity. The work presents a promising strategy for developing low‐cost practical Na–S batteries.
Stretchable Metamaterials with Tamm/Fano Resonances for Tunable, Efficient Mechanochromic Color Shifting
Authors: Nuguri Sravya M. , Shreiber Daniel , Cerjan Benjamin , Einck Vincent , Halas Naomi J. , Griep Mark H. , Watkins James J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNext‐generation wearable and optoelectronic technologies requires highly adaptable light manipulation capabilities for applications in sensors, displays, and optical switches on flexible substrates. Here, a cost‐effective approach is presented for realizing a Tamm Plasmon (TP) resonant device on a flexible platform by combining nanoimprint lithography with layer‐by‐layer assembly. The TP device incorporates a stretchable, 1D bragg (BRG) stack coupled with a gold (Au) and aluminum (Al) metasurface, whose dimensions are designed to enable tunability in the visible and near‐infrared (NIR) regions of the spectrum. The device exhibits substantial reflected intensities (≈75%) and a well‐defined, narrow TP minimum of approximately 30 nm. Both TP and Fano resonances can be clearly observed by incorporating symmetry‐broken metasurface features with the BRG stack. The integrated system is subjected to both uniaxial (up to 37% strain) and biaxial (up to 25% strain) stretching, demonstrating dynamic chromatic responses in both the visible and near‐infrared regimes with sensitivities of ≈6.2 nm/%. This work clearly demonstrates a cost‐effective route for the fabrication of multi‐plasmon resonant devices with tunable colors on a flexible platform.
Multi‐Parameters Self‐Powered Monitoring via Triboelectric and Electromagnetic Mechanisms for Smart Transmission Lines
Authors: Zhang Xiaosong , Wang Jianlong , Zhai Shijie , Yu Yang , Cheng Xiaojun , Li Hengyu , Wang Zhong Lin , Cheng Tinghai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe application of distributed sensors in smart transmission lines to replace traditional inspection methods is an inevitable trend. Currently, the challenge of energy supply for sensors serves as a bottleneck that hinders the intelligent development of transmission lines. This paper focuses on the application of self‐powered inspection technology based on triboelectric and electromagnetic mechanisms in transmission lines. It proposes a self‐powered temperature and vibration monitoring and warning system (STV‐MWS) for multi‐parameter monitoring of transmission line status. This work utilizes the quasi‐zero stiffness structure and center misalignment design to improve the output performance of STV‐MWS at low vibration amplitude, thereby extending its vibration amplitude response range. The STV‐MWS is capable of harvesting and monitoring vibration of 50 µm and above vibration amplitude and 2–700 Hz vibration frequencies, which fully covers the breeze vibration range of transmission lines. Through the split package design, the flexible deployment of STV‐MWS is achieved, further enhancing its engineering application value. This work can effectively ensure that the transmission line inspection can carry out accurate status monitoring and intelligent analysis in the environment characterized by steep terrain, challenging power extraction, and difficult fault judgment, thereby realizing the visualization and intelligence of the transmission line status.
Gasdiffusionselektroden für die Elektrokatalytische Oxidation von Gasförmigem Ammoniak: Das Überqueren des Thermodynamischen Tals der Stickstoffdreifachbindung
Authors: Cechanaviciute Ieva A. , Kumari Bhawana , Alfes Lars M. , Andronescu Corina , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDa Ammoniak als vielversprechender Wasserstoffträger immer mehr an Interesse gewinnt, wird auch die elektrochemische Ammoniak‐Oxidationsreaktion (AmOR) immer interessanter. Um die Freisetzung von H2 in einer umgekehrten Haber–Bosch‐Reaktion unter Bildung des energetisch günstigeren N2 zu vermeiden, schlagen wir die Oxidation von Ammoniak zu Nitrit (NO2−) vor, das üblicherweise während des Ostwald‐Prozesses gewonnen wird. Wir untersuchten die anodische Oxidation von gasförmigem Ammoniak, der direkt einer Gasdiffusionselektrode (GDE) zugeführt wird, unter Verwendung verschiedener, in ihrer Zusammensetzung unterschiedlicher Multimetallkatalysatoren, die auf Ni‐Schaum abgeschieden sind, bei gleichzeitiger Bildung von H2 an der Kathode. Dadurch wird die H2‐Menge pro Ammoniakmolekül verdoppelt, während gleichzeitig ein niedrigeres Überpotential als bei der Wasserelektrolyse (1,4–1,8 V gegen RHE bei 50 mA cm−2) angelegt wird. Eine Selektivitätsstudie zeigte, dass einige der Katalysatorzusammensetzungen in der Lage waren, erhebliche Mengen an NO2− zu produzieren. Weitere Untersuchungen mit dem vielversprechendsten Katalysator Nif_AlCoCrCuFe, der in eine GDE integriert ist, zeigten eine Faraday‐Effizienz von bis zu 88 % für NO2− an der Anode, gekoppelt mit einer Faraday‐Effizienz von nahezu 100 % für die kathodische H2‐Produktion.
Anodische H2O2‐Erzeugung in Elektrolyten auf Karbonatbasis – Mechanistische Erkenntnisse Mittels Elektrochemischer Rastermikroskopie
Authors: Li Lejing , Antony Rajini P. , Santana Santos Carla , Limani Ndrina , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFür die anodische H2O2‐Bildung kann die Elektrolytzusammensetzung den Reaktionsweg in Richtung einer erhöhten Produktbildung lenken. Frühere Untersuchungen zur Optimierung der Elektrolytzusammensetzung haben gezeigt, dass die Auswirkungen des molaren Anteils der Karbonatspezies für verschiedene Anodenmaterialien unterschiedlich sind, und daher gibt es weiterhin Kontroversen über die Reaktionswege und die an der H2O2‐Bildung beteiligten Spezies. In Anbetracht der Tatsache, dass die Wasseroxidation zur Freisetzung von Protonen in der Anodenmikroumgebung führt, würde die entsprechende Ansäuerung eine Gleichgewichtsverschiebung zwischen den Karbonatspezies bewirken, was wiederum den Reaktionsweg modulieren könnte. Wir haben die Veränderungen im Anteil der Karbonatspezies in der Nähe einer arbeitenden Anode bestimmt, indem wir lokale pH‐Messungen mit einer Au‐Nanoelektrode, die mittels elektrochemischer Scherkraft‐Rastermikroskopie (SECM) in unmittelbarer Nähe einer sich in Betrieb befindlichen Anode positioniert war, durchgeführt haben. Es konnte bestätigt werden, dass die wichtigste anionische Spezies an der Grenzfläche HCO3− ist, und zwar bei Potentialen, bei denen H2O2 bevorzugt gebildet wird, unabhängig vom pH‐Wert im Volumen der Lösung. Die gleichzeitige Verwendung einer Au−Pt‐Doppelmikroelektrode in Generator‐Kollektor‐SECM‐Messungen zeigt, dass die lokale HCO3−Konzentration insgesamt durch den Oxidationsstrom, die Pufferkapazität und den pH‐Wert des Elektrolyten bestimmt wird.
Decarboxylation cross‐linking of fluorescein‐based copolyimides for gas separations
Authors: Chen Bo , Qin Peiyong , Li Pei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA fluorescein‐based diamine, 2‐(3,6‐bis(4‐amino‐3‐hydroxyphenoxy)‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐yl) benzoic acid (CADA), was synthesized and copolymerized with Durene and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) to form a 6FDA‐Durene/CADA (3:2) copolyimide. The copolyimide was thermally cross‐linked at 300–425°C to form a series of decarboxylated cross‐linked polyimides. Compared with the 6FDA‐CADA polyimide, the incorporation of Durene diamine increased gas permeability of the pristine and the thermally cross‐linked polyimides greatly. The copolyimide cross‐linked at 375°C showed separation performance to the O2/N2 gas pair beyond the 1991 Robeson upper limit, while the CO2/CH4 separation property of the copolyimide cross‐linked at 425°C (PI‐425) was close to the 2008 Robeson upper limit. Moreover, the anti‐CO2‐induced plasticization property of the 6FDA‐Durene/CADA(3:2) copolyimides was improved by cross‐linking. The copolyimides cross‐linked at 350°C and above were not plasticized at a CO2 pressure up to 30 atm. This study showed that gas transport property of the decarboxylated cross‐linked polyimides could be improved significantly by the incorporation of bulky diamino moiety. The fluorescein‐based copolyimide had great potentials for gas separation applications.
A Thiophene Functionalized Hf(IV)‐Organic Framework for the Detection of Anti‐Neoplastic Drug Flutamide and Biomolecule Hemin and Catalysis of Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation
Authors: Din Mir Nazir Ud , Karthik Veerappan , Sundari Kalimuthu Abirami , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Biswas Shyam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDevelopment, rapid detection and quantification of anticancer drugs in biological samples are crucial for effective drug monitoring. The present work describes the design of a Hf(IV)‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF) (1) by the reaction between Hf(IV) ion and 2‐(thiophene‐2‐carboxamido)terephthalic acid linker with the surface area of 571 m2 g−1. Desolvated MOF (1′) displayed highly discriminative fluorescence sensing properties for the antineoplastic drug flutamide and biomolecule hemin in an aqueous medium in the presence of co‐existing biomolecules and ions. The MOF's response time for sensing flutamide and hemin was less than 5 s with low detection limits of 1.5 and 0.08 nM, respectively. Additionally, 1′ also demonstrated recyclability up to five cycles and maintained its sensing ability across different pH media, various water samples, and biological fluids. Experimental and theoretical analyses suggested photoinduced electron transfer and inner‐filter effect in the presence of flutamide and Förster resonance energy transfer in the presence of hemin are most likely reasons behind the fluorescence quenching of MOF. Furthermore, the MOF demonstrated catalytic activity in Friedel‐Crafts alkylation reactions, providing a 96 % yield with slight decay in its activity over four uses. The enhanced activity of 1′ compared to Hf‐BDC and Hf‐BDC‐NH2 (BDC: 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid) is due to the functionalized thiophene moieties through hydrogen bond donating sites, confirmed by a series of control experiments.
Light‐Enhanced Tandem‐Responsive Nano Delivery Platform for Amplified Anti‐tumor Efficiency
Authors: Wang Xing , Li Yuanhang , Qi Zhengjian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDesigning nanomedicines with low toxicity, high targeting, excellent therapeutic effects, and precise release is always the major challenges in clinical cancer treatment. Here, we report a light‐enhanced tandem‐responsive nano delivery platform COF‐B@X‐03 for amplified anti‐tumor efficiency. Biotin‐loaded COF‐B@X‐03 could precisely target tumor cells, and the azo and hydrazone bonds in it would be depolymerized by the overexpressed azoreductase and acidic microenvironment in hypoxic tumors. In vitro experimental results indicate mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by COF‐B@X‐03 under light is the direct cause of tumor cell death. In vivo experimental data prove COF‐B@X‐03 achieves low oxygen dependent phototherapy, and the maintenance of intratumoral hypoxia provides the possibility for the continuous degradation of COF‐B@X‐03 to generate more reactive oxygen species for tumor photodynamic therapy by released X‐03. In the end, COF‐B@X‐03 phototherapy group achieves higher tumor inhibition rate than X‐03 phototherapy group, which is 81.37 %. Meanwhile, COF‐B@X‐03 significantly eliminates the risk of tumor metastasis. In summary, the construction of this tandem‐responsive nano delivery platform provides a new direction for achieving efficient removal of solid tumors in clinical practice.
Money Versus Time: The Effects of Social Media Exclusion on Mental Construal and Donation Behaviors
Authors: Li Dajun , Zhang Nan , Li Huihui 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe development of social media platforms has ushered in a new era in which online media interactions, such as Facebook and Twitter, have largely supplanted traditional means of interpersonal interaction. This has resulted in problems such as cyberbullying and social exclusion. Previous research has indicated that people who feel socially excluded react more positively to altruistic behaviors, which could effectively restore connection and happiness from the exclusion. This study investigates two distinct types of social media exclusion (being rejected vs. being ignored) to determine their subsequent donation preferences (money vs. time). In three substudies, this study explores donation behaviors and demonstrates that people who feel socially rejected (ignored) react more positively to the donation of money (time). Study 1 reveals that being rejected (ignored) by social media leads people to form low (high)‐level mental construals, resulting in preferences for the donation of money (time). Study 2 examines how matching the exclusion type with the abstractness of appeals (abstract vs. concrete) affects donation preference. Similarly, Study 3 demonstrates the matching effects of exclusion type and the temporal distance of appeals (current vs. future) on subsequent charitable behaviors. Charitable fundraisers are advised to align their charitable appeals with people's construal levels to help these excluded media users not only reconnect their belonging with the community but also recover their happiness after the exclusion experiences.
A green and highly sensitive microwell spectrofluorimetric method with high throughput for the determination of pemigatinib based on dual fluorescence enhancement by photoinduced electron transfer blocking and micellization: Application to the analysis of tablets, content uniformity testing, and human plasma
Authors: Darwish Ibrahim A. , Alzoman Nourah Z. , Alsalhi Mohammed S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPemigatinib (PGT) is a recently FDA‐approved small molecule kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of relapsed or refractory myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms in adults. This study introduces the development of a first microwell spectrofluorimetric method (MW‐SFM) for quantifying PGT in FDA‐approved tablets and plasma samples. The method utilized the enhancement of PGT's weak native fluorescence by blocking photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and micellization with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The MW‐SFM was performed in 96‐microwell plates, and fluorescence signals were measured using a fluorescence microplate reader with excitation at 290 nm and emission at 350 nm. The method exhibited a linear range of 2–250 ng mL−1, and a limit of quantitation was 6.5 ng mL−1. The accuracy and precision of the method were confirmed with recovery rates ranging from 96.5% to 102.8% and relative standard deviations of 1.52% to 3.51%. The MW‐SFM successfully analyzed Pemazyre® tablets, assessed content uniformity, and analyzed PGT‐spiked human plasma samples. The greenness of the MW‐SFM was verified using three different metric tools. In conclusion, the proposed MW‐SFM is a valuable tool in supporting quality assessment of dosage forms, conducting pharmacokinetic studies, and monitoring therapeutic outcomes.