bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Assessment of Elderly Clients of a Rural Community-Based Long-Term Care Program: A 10-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Elgar Frank J. , Worrall Graham , Knight John C. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTAs the demand for home care services increases, health care agencies should be able to predict the intake capacity of community-based long-term care (CBLTC) programs. Two hundred and thirty-seven clients entering a CBLTC program were assessed for activities of daily living (ADL) and cognitive and affective functioning and were then followed to monitor attrition and reasons why clients left the program. Compromised ADL functioning at baseline increased likelihood of death and institutionalization by 2 per cent each year. Over a 10-year period, reduced cognitive functioning at baseline increased the risk of death by 9 per cent and decreased the likelihood of leaving the program due to improvement by 18 per cent. Reduced affective functioning at baseline increased the risk of institutionalization during the course of the study by 3 per cent. Routine functional assessments with the elderly may help in the management of similar home care programs.
John E. Gray, Margaret A. Shone, and Peter F. Liddle. Canadian Mental Health Law and Policy. Toronto, ON: Butterworths, 2000.
Authors: Segall Alexander 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉIl faut féliciter les auteurs de s'être lancés dans une entreprise importante et difficile. Il est certain qu'une étude exhaustive du droit et des politiques canadiennes actuelles relatifs à la santé mentale est de rigueur, mais il n'est pas aisé de condenser un domaine aussi complexe. À certains égards, cet ouvrage promet plus qu'il n'offre. Il soulève des questions critiques sur la pensée et le débat actuels concernant la législation canadienne de la santé mentale, et il donne les grandes lignes des recommandations visant à orienter une action future sur les grands enjeux des politiques; en revanche, il ne réussit pas à offrir une approche novatrice à l'analyse du droit de la santé mentale. La perspective des besoins humains qui est prônée est en fait rétrograde dans son approche des soins de santé mentale. L'argument clé est que le Canada devrait assouplir les critères d'internement involontaire dans les hôpitaux psychiatriques. Malheureusement, cet argument s'appuie sur des postulats non fondés de la nécessité de l'internement involontaire et du traitement obligatoire. Malgré cette faille, l'ouvrage renferme une mine de renseignements sur le droit de la santé mentale au Canada et le processus permanent de la réforme juridique. S'il est probable que beaucoup de gens intéressés par le droit de la santé mentale le liront de la première à la dernière page, le livre contient néanmoins des discussions bien écrites portant sur des sujets tels que l'histoire de la législation canadienne sur la santé mentale; les critères et les modalités d'admission involontaire à l'hôpital; ainsi que le traitement communautaire subventionné. Dans l'ensemble, cet ouvrage peut s'avérer utile si on le lit de façon sélective, mais il faut absolument le lire de façon critique.
Aging, Attention, and Bimanual Coordination
Authors: Lee Timothy D. , Wishart Laurie R. , Murdoch Jason E. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTAlthough aging is normally associated with declines in motor performance, recent evidence suggests that older adults suffer no loss in some measures of bimanual coordination relative to younger adults. Two hypotheses for this finding were compared in the present research. One hypothesis was based on the assumption that these coordination patterns are automatic and relatively impervious to the effects of aging. An alternative explanation is that older adults maintain this level of bimanual coordination at a cost of increased attention demand. These hypotheses were tested in an experiment in which bimanual coordination patterns (in-phase and anti-phase) were paced at two metronome frequencies (1 and 2 Hz), either alone or together, with serial performance of an attention-demanding task (adding 3s to a two-digit number at a 1 Hz pace). The results of the study provided some support for both hypotheses. The automaticity view was supported only for the coordination patterns at the 1 Hz metronome frequency. Support for an attention allocation hypothesis was shown in the observed-movement frequency data, as older adults tended to sacrifice movement frequency at the 2 Hz metronome pace in order to maintain performance in the movement and counting tasks. These findings are discussed relative to recent accounts of the role of automaticity in the absence of age-related differences in the performance of cognitive tasks.
Later-Life Career Disruption and Self-Rated Health: An Analysis of General Social Survey Data
Authors: He Y.H. , Colantonio A. , Marshall V.W. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe transition from employment to retirement is changing dramatically in Canada and other industrialized societies, with a decreasing proportion of working life being spent in stable career progression. This study used a sample of 2,592 subjects, aged 45 to 64, from the 1994 General Social Survey of Canada (GSS): Cycle 9, to describe situations of later-life career disruption (LLCD) in older workers in Canada and to investigate the association between LLCD and self-rated health. Results showed that a large proportion of older Canadian workers had experienced such LLCD as job interruption and job loss. Experience of job loss and job interruption over the prior 5-year period was found to be significantly associated with poor self-rated health, after controlling for age, education, body mass index, and activity limitation. However, after excluding respondents whose LLCD was known to be due to poor health, job interruption and job loss were separately found not to be significantly associated with poor health. The complexity of the findings and the direction of causation between LLCD and self-rated health, as well as some methodology issues, are discussed. Areas of future research are indicated.
Living with a Chronic Disabling Illness and Then Some: Data from the 1998 Ice Storm
Authors: Gignac Monique A.M. , Cott Cheryl A. , Badley Elizabeth M. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis study examined the impact of the 1998 Canadian ice storm on the physical and psychological health of older adults (age > 55 years) living with a chronic physical illness, namely osteoarthritis and/or osteoporosis. Although disasters are relatively rare, they are a useful means of examining the impact of a single stressor on a group of individuals. Specifically, we took advantage of a natural experiment to compare the responses of a group of 59 ice storm victims to those of 55 matched controls living outside the ice storm area. Data on disability, pain, self-reported health, helplessness, depression, and independence were assessed prior to the ice storm and approximately 17 months later. Older adults who reported greater helplessness and lost independence prior to the storm reported significantly greater ice storm stress and rumination and were more likely to report that the storm affected their condition. In addition, participants exposed to the ice storm reported significant changes in disability and pain nearly a year and a half later, compared to matched controls. These results suggest that older adults with chronic physical illness may be particularly vulnerable when faced with additional stressful events.
Caregiving Networks in Later Life: Does Cognitive Status Make a Difference?
Authors: Strain Laurel A. , Blandford Audrey A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis study examines the caregiving networks of older adults, with particular emphasis on differences according to cognitive status (n = 303). Individuals with cognitive impairment were significantly more likely than those who were cognitively intact to receive assistance with personal care, linking with the outside world, and mobility. The types of network were generally similar for care receivers with cognitive impairment and those who were cognitively intact, although the percentage of networks comprised solely of the identified caregiver varied depending on the tasks. Coresidence of the caregiver and care receiver was more important than the care receiver's cognitive status for exclusive care by the identified caregiver. Having more ADL/IADL limitations was associated with a reliance on a network of the identified caregiver, in conjunction with other caregivers in several task areas. The findings highlight the complexity of sources of help in later life and the need for future research to consider the caregiving network as a whole.
South Winnipeg Integrated Geriatric Program (SWING): A Rapid Community-Response Program for the Frail Elderly
Authors: Montgomery Patrick R. , Fallis Wendy M. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to compare enhanced access to geriatric assessment and case management to usual home care service provision for the frail elderly. This was a demonstration project, with randomized allocation to control or intervention groups of frail elderly persons who had been referred to the Home Care service in Winnipeg. Of the 164 persons who were randomized, 78 intervention and 74 control patients were evaluated. Intervention subjects received a multidimensional assessment as soon as possible by a specially trained coordinator, who had enhanced access to geriatric medical and day-hospital services; intervention patients were case managed for a 3-month period. Control cases received usual care from home care coordinators. The intervention group received significantly faster assessment and deployment of home services, as well as greater utilization of the geriatric day-hospital services. Utilization of emergency room and hospital services was similar for both groups. Control subjects experienced more prolonged hospital stays and a significantly higher proportion (23%) were designated for long-term care than of intervention clients (9%). We conclude that the SWING program, which facilitated access to geriatric services and case management, reduced or delayed the need for long-term care.
James E. Birren and Kathryn N. Cochran. Telling the Stories of Life through Guided Autobiography Groups. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins, 2001.
Authors: de St. Aubin Ed , Baer Sheila M. 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉLes dernières années ont été démarquées par un accroissement de l'intérêt porté aux processus de récits auto-constructifs. La recherche suggère une convergence de processus associés à la mémoire autobiographique, à la compréhension de soi et au développement de l'identité. Ceci peut se dépeindre comme une « histoire de vie » en développement, histoire qui se détermine en termes du passé, du présent et du futur. À ces fins, Telling the Stories of Life through Guided Autobiography Groups est une excellente ressource pour ceux intéressés à mener des groupes autobiographiques communautaires. Les auteurs, Birren et Cochran, réunissent d'importantes connaissances scientifiques et pratiques afin de présenter l'organisation et la logistique nécessaires pour animer un cours de 10 semaines sur l'écriture autobiographique. Par conséquent, le livre est un guide pratique et utile pour développer un atelier adressé aux adultes intéressés à découvrir, enregistrer et partager l'histoire de leur vie.
Colleen Keller and Julie Fleury. Health Promotion for the Elderly. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2000.
Authors: Rootman Irving 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉHealth Promotion for the Elderly, avance des connaissances scientifiques au sujet des effets des comportements problématiques et des faits connus sur l'efficacité des interventions de promotions santé au sein des personnes âgées. Le tout est bien organisé, toutefois, le livre connaît quelques restrictions. Par exemple, le livre est surtout basé sur une littérature et des expériences américaines, il est déjà périmé dans certains aspects, il semble embrasser une définition limitée de la promotion santé et les sujets qui devraient faire l'objet d'une recherche moderne (p. ex. la sexualité, l'invalidité, les politiques et l'alphabétisation) sont absents ou minimisés. La prochaine édition pourrait être plus complète si ces restrictions sont adressées.
Peter S. Silin. Nursing Homes: The Family Journey. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
Authors: Namazi Kevan H. 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉNursing Homes: The Family Journey, est écrit dans une langue facile à lire ; l'auteur se rend dans les coulisses afin de découvrir les questions importantes relatives à la personne âgée et le trajet parcouru par les membres de sa famille. Le livre est une excellente ressource pour le novice et pour ceux qui ont déjà oeuvré dans des installations semblables. L'auteur offre des solutions à plusieurs questions difficiles et énigmatiques, questions auxquelles même les experts ne trouvent pas de réponses précises. Ce livre devrait être lu par les étudiants ayant un intérêt au vieillissement et doit être recommandé à tous ceux qui se préparent à exploiter une maison de soins infirmiers ou autre genre d'installation de santé pour les personnes âgées. Ce livre est une excellente ressource d'accompagnement pour les membres de la famille appréhensifs, les conseillers et les médecins appelés à collaborer avec les membres de la famille lors de la prise de décisions difficiles. Le livre est perspicace et sensibilisé et un outil essentiel pour les familles, les étudiants, le corps enseignant et les professionnels oeuvrant au sein des résidents de maisons de soins infirmiers.
Quand les services facilitent ou nuisent au pouvoir des aidantes familiales
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Pierre , Lessard Diane , Barylak Lucy , Côté Dominique 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTFew studies have integrated the concept of empowerment in their analysis of the interaction between formal services and informal caregivers. This study was conducted among 32 female informal caregivers living in a district served by a Montreal local community service centre (CLSC). It was designed to identify those aspects of formal services that either empowered caregivers or increased their powerlessness. Three major issues were identified: norms applicable to care giving; access to and control over resources and services; and power relationships with practitioners. Depending on their context and their perception of their role as a caregiver, caregivers reported that their recourse to services was either an empowering experience or one that increased their powerlessness.
Promoting Evidence-Based Health Policy, Programming, and Practice for Seniors: Lessons from a National Knowledge Transfer Project
Authors: McWilliam Carol L. , Stewart Moira , Brown Judith Belle , Feightner John , Rosenberg Mark , Gutman Gloria , Penning Margaret , Stewart Miriam , Tamblyn Robyn , Morfitt Grace 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTIn response to Canada's pressing need for effective evidence-based policy, services, and practices specific to seniors, national leaders representing all concerned stakeholders designed and implemented a National Consensus Process to promote spread, exchange, choice, and uptake of research evidence on social and health issues associated with an aging population. This article presents the innovative methods and evaluation of this three-year project, illuminating for all constituencies the challenges and opportunities associated with promoting seniors' independence through collaborative knowledge transfer efforts. A total of 198 organizations and 65 individuals were surveyed at baseline, throughout the intervention, immediately post-intervention, and one year post-intervention. Knowledge from 783 studies was spread to 63,387 people, 90 per cent of whom reported knowledge exchange. Over 50 per cent of stakeholders reported using the research evidence, although processes for facilitating knowledge choice did not achieve consensus. Significant knowledge uptake occurred in two of the four research theme areas.
Enid Opal Cox, Elizabeth S. Kelchner, and Rosemary Chapin (Eds.). Gerontological Social Work Practice: Issues, Challenges, and Potential. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press, 2002/special issue of Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 36(3/4).
Authors: Marziali Elsa 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉCe volume réunit une série d'articles sur le travail social en gérontologie. La plupart des co-auteurs lancent un cri d'alarme à la profession, et soulignent la nécessité de former davantage de travailleurs sociaux en gérontologie pour faire face à la croissance exponentielle du nombre de personnes âgées dans le monde entier. Plusieurs auteurs citent trois secteurs de perfectionnement professionnel qui devront faire l'objet d'une attention particulière au cours des dix prochaines années : (a) la nécessité de disposer de modèles empiriques de pratique clinique en gérontologie ; (b) la nécessité pour les travailleurs sociaux de participer à l'analyse des politiques d'où émaneront les programmes d'action du gouvernement qui influeront sur la qualité de vie des personnes âgées (qu'elles vivent dans la communauté ou en établissements de soins de longue durée) ; et (c) la nécessité pour les travailleurs sociaux de prendre une part beaucoup plus importante à la conception et à la mise en oeuvre des programmes de recherche afin de mieux identifier les pratiques exemplaires en gérontologie. Aucun des articles n'apporte de réponse à ces difficiles questions. Par contre, ils offrent une foule d'informations sur les mesures que doivent prendre les travailleurs sociaux s'ils veulent participer à une stratégie multidisciplinaire et faire face au vieillissement de la population.
Do “Young-Old” Exercisers Feel Better Than Sedentary Persons? A Cohort Study in Switzerland
Authors: Lalive d'Epinay Christian J. , Bickel Jean-François 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTFrom a “successful aging” perspective, the subjective feeling of well-being is as important as “objective” health. Physical exercise is seen as being an effective way of staying healthy, but its link with well-being in a normal aging population remains largely unexplored. Based on two randomized surveys of the aging population, conducted in 1979 and 1994, respectively, with questionnaires including retrospective questions on activities and health, two cohorts ofyoung-old(aged 64–74) were selected (cohort 1, born 1905–1914,N= 949; cohort 2, born 1920–1929,N= 602) and split into four groups, corresponding to their exercising trajectories (long-term exercisers LE, new exercisers NE, quitters Q, sedentary S). The link between the four trajectories and two indicators of well-being (self-rated health, self-assessed depression scale) was examined by means of regression analyses. In both cohorts, the LE group had a higher level of well-being than the Q and the S. The study also throws light on the case of the quitters (Q), who showed the lowest level of well-being. Scant research has hitherto been done on the causes and repercussions of abandoning exercise.
Who Are the Users of Vitamin–Mineral and Herbal Preparations among Community-Living Older Adults?
Authors: McKenzie Jacquelyn , Keller Heather H. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTInformation on the characteristics of seniors who use supplements is lacking. A convenience sample of community-living seniors (n= 128) was recruited from 10 sites to identify factors associated with supplement use (vitamin-mineral and/or herbal preparations). Data on nutritional variables, health history, and supplement use were collected with an interview-administered questionnaire. APropensity to Use Supplementsscale was developed and was associated with increased use of herbal supplements. At the bivariate level, few characteristics distinguished users and non-users. Multivariate modelling revealed the Propensity scale and a low Body Mass Index to be factors related to the total number of supplements used. When individual scale items were examined at the bivariate level, food supply concerns, health beliefs, and a proactive role in one's own health were associated with increased supplement use. Initial results suggest seniors' attitudes towards supplements may be an important factor contributing to their decision to use supplements. Further work is required in a more diverse, randomly selected, older Canadian population.
An Enhanced Role in Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment for Community-Nurse Case Managers
Authors: Stolee Paul , Patterson Mary Lynne , Wiancko Donna Crinklaw , Esbaugh Jacquelin , Arcese Zora A. , Vinke Anne Marie , Waddell Sally , Hatt Joanne , Wells Karen , Crilly Richard G. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTWe evaluated an enhanced role in comprehensive geriatric assessment for community-nurse case managers. Following practicum education in geriatric assessment, two community-nurse case managers conducted assessments of frail older clients and served as a resource for their case-manager teams. Impacts on their colleagues' assessment skills were investigated in a non-randomized, controlled trial. Intervention-group case managers had higher confidence in assessing and managing the health and social concerns of older persons, greater use of standard assessment tools, and higher case-study assessment scores, than did control-group case managers. Case managers reported that interaction with the enhanced-role case managers had enhanced their skills and benefited clients; family physicians reported that improved patient outcomes had resulted from the assessment information received. Community case managers with enhanced training in geriatric assessment can have a valuable clinical and educational role. Issues include resource implications and integrating the enhanced role into home care operations.
Research Note: Inter-Rater Reliability of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale in a Psychogeriatric Population
Authors: Hildebrand Roger , McCann Erin , Nelson Monty , Wass Peter 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was an examination of the inter-rater reliability for a psychogeriatric population of the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Axis V of the DSM-IV Classification System,. One-hundred-and-eight psychogeriatric patients, admitted to an acute-care psychiatric hospital, were rated on the GAF by three clinicians: a psychiatrist, a physician, and a psychologist. The psychologist also conducted a cognitive screening assessment at the time of admission, as well as a second rating of global functioning, which was carried out at the time of transfer/discharge from the admission unit. Results indicated good inter-rater reliability, with values ranging from 0.78 to 0.86. Comparisons were also made between the admission and transfer/discharge GAF scores. Implications for improving the inter-rater reliability of the GAF are discussed.