bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La laïcité à l'épreuve de l'islam et des musulmans : le cas de la France
Authors: Seniguer Haouès 
Published: February 2012

Résumé La France est le pays européen qui compte le plus grand nombre de personnes de culture ou de religion musulmane, ce qui implique une laïcité capable de faire consensus comme cadre commun à tous. Il devient nécessaire de quitter certains préjugés relatifs à l’islam en pourfendant culturalisme et essentialisme. Ce sont surtout les pouvoirs publics qui politisent l’islam et non les musulmans, en tout cas, dans leur immense majorité. Il n’est pas si sûr que la religion soit en elle-même génératrice de violence. Il n’est pas si sûr non plus, que l’État respecte toujours sa neutralité lorsqu’il place lui-même les frontières entre islam modéré et islam radical. Il n’est pas si sûr que le communautarisme musulman ne soit pas un fantasme. L’islam s’est beaucoup déchiré historiquement. Aujourd’hui, il n’existe pas stricto sensu d’islam démocratique, progressiste, pas plus que totalitaire ou rigoriste. Seule une minorité de littéralistes interdisent d’interpréter le Coran. La Shari’a est souvent caricaturée. En réalité, le communautarisme musulman est une expression destinée à accréditer l’idée que ce sont les musulmans qui rejettent la laïcité au nom de réalités supérieures, ce qui n’est pas juste au regard de l’histoire. Il suffit de se reporter à la politique coloniale de la France en Algérie. À l’heure actuelle, la laïcité française se fait intrusive, comme en témoigne l’affaire du « voile islamique ».
Coping Style and Depressive Symptomatology during Pregnancy in a Private Setting Sample
Authors: Faisal-Cury Alexandre , Savoia Mariangela Gentil , Menezes Paulo Rossi 
Published: February 2012

Aim:to evaluate the association of antenatal depressive symptomatology (AD) with life events and coping styles, the hypothesis was that certain coping strategies are associated to depressive symptomatology.Methods:we performed a cross sectional study of 312 women attending a private clinic in the city of Osasco, São Paulo from 27/05/1998 to 13/05/2002. The following instruments were used: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Holmes and Rahe Schedule of Recent Events (SSRS), Folkman and Lazarus Ways of Coping Questionnaire and questionnaire with social-demographic and obstetric data. Inclusion criteria: women with no past history of depression, psychiatric treatment, alcohol or drug abuse and no clinical-obstetrical complications. Odds ratios and 95% CI were used to examine the association between AD (according to BDI) and exposures variables. Hypothesis testing was done with X2 tests and a p value < .05.Results:AD occurred in 21.1% of pregnant women. By the univariate analyses, education, number of pregnancies, previous abortion, husband income, situation of marriage and score of SSRS were associated with AD. All coping styles were associated with AD, except seeking support and positive reappraisal. By the multivariate analyses, four coping styles were kept in the final model: confront (p = .039), accepting responsibility (p < .001), escape-avoidance (p = .002), problem-solving (p = .005).Conclusions:AD was highly prevalent and was associated with maladaptive coping styles.
Influence of Parent Metal Microstructure and Post‐Weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Linear Friction Welded Ti‐6Al‐4V Joint
Authors: Li Wenya , Wu Hui , Ma Tiejun , Yang Changlin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLinear friction welding (LFW) of Ti‐6Al‐4V (Ti‐64) titanium alloy with a different microstructure from the previous study was conducted. The joint microstructure, tensile strength and fracture characteristics were studied. Results show that the microstructure of parent metal has a strong influence on the microstructure and properties of LFW Ti‐64 joints. Under the specific conditions in this study, unexpected spheric α grains were formed near the bondline, which leads to the steep drop of the joint tensile strength. Although the tensile strength could be improved through post‐weld heat treatment, the failure of specimens still took place across the bondline with the cleavage fracture due to the formation of basket‐weave structure at the weld center zone and the remaining of spheric α grains.
Reductive Reformatsky–Honda Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters: Facile Formation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and β‐Hydroxy Esters
Authors: Sato Kazuyuki , Isoda Motoyuki , Ohata Shizuka , Morita Shuhei , Tarui Atsushi , Omote Masaaki , Kumadaki Itsumaro , Ando Akira 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe reaction of tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium chloride [RhCl(PPh3)3] with diethylzinc (Et2Zn) easily afforded a rhodium‐hydride complex that effects the 1,4‐reduction of α,β‐unsaturated esters to give rhodium enolates. Formation of the rhodium enolate is followed by transmetalation with the zinc species to give a Reformatsky‐type reagent, and this reacts with various acid chlorides at the α‐position to give β‐keto esters. The Reformatsky‐type reagent also reacts with various electrophiles such as aldehydes, ketones and acid anhydrides to give the corresponding products in which the electrophiles were introduced reductively at the α‐position of α,β‐unsaturated esters.
Thiourea‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Fluorination of β‐Keto Esters
Authors: Xu Junxing , Hu Yulai , Huang Danfeng , Wang Ke‐Hu , Xu Changming , Niu Teng 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBifunctional chiral thioureas have been successfully used as organocatalysts in enantioselective fluorinations of β‐keto esters. The corresponding products could be obtained with good to excellent enantioselectivity in high yields by using N‐fluorobisbenzenesulphonimide (NFSI) as fluorination reagent.
Iron‐Catalyzed Synthesis of β‐Chlorovinyl and α,β‐Alkynyl Ketones from Terminal and Silylated Alkynes with Acid Chlorides
Authors: Gandeepan Parthasarathy , Parthasarathy Kanniyappan , Su Tsu‐Hui , Cheng Chien‐Hong 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA simple efficient method for the iron(III)‐catalyzed synthesis of substituted β‐chlorovinyl ketones and α,β‐alkynyl ketones from terminal and silyl‐substituted alkynes with acid chlorides, respectively, is described. This method features easily available starting materials, a cheap and non‐toxic catalyst, simple manipulation and mild reaction conditions. Evidence shows that the catalytic addition of the acid chloride to a terminal alkyne to give (Z)‐β‐chlorovinyl ketones favours a concerted pathway via a four‐membered ring transition state between the two alkyne carbons and the carbon‐chloride bond of the acid chloride.
Selective Acceptorless Conversion of Primary Alcohols to Acetals and Dihydrogen Catalyzed by the Ruthenium(II) Complex Ru(PPh3)2(NCCH3)2(SO4)
Authors: Kossoy Elizaveta , Diskin‐Posner Yael , Leitus Gregory , Milstein David 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe complex bis(acetonitrile)bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) sulfate [Ru(PPh3)2(NCCH3)2(SO4)], fully characterized spectroscopically and by a single crystal X‐ray study, catalyzes at 110 °C the direct transformation of primary alcohols to the corresponding acetals with liberation of molecular hydrogen. The formation of acetals proceeds via direct substitution of the hydroxy group of the hemiacetal intermediate by an alcohol molecule. The closely related bis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) acetate [Ru(PPh3)2(OAc)2] catalyzes the conversion of primary alcohols to the corresponding esters rather than acetals.
Paper‐Based Energy‐Storage Devices Comprising Carbon Fiber‐Reinforced Polypyrrole‐Cladophora Nanocellulose Composite Electrodes
Authors: Razaq Aamir , Nyholm Leif , Sjödin Martin , Strømme Maria , Mihranyan Albert 
Published: February 2012

AbstractComposites of polypyrrole (PPy) and Cladophora nanocellulose, reinforced with 8 μm‐thick chopped carbon filaments, can be used as electrode materials to obtain paper‐based energy‐storage devices with unprecedented performance at high charge and discharge rates. Charge capacities of more than 200 C g−1 (PPy) are obtained for paper‐based electrodes at potential scan rates as high as 500 mV s−1, whereas cell capacitances of ∼60–70 F g−1 (PPy) are reached for symmetric supercapacitor cells with capacitances up to 3.0 F (i.e.,0.48 F cm−2) when charged to 0.6 V using current densities as high as 31 A g−1 based on the PPy weight (i.e., 99 mA cm−2). Energy and power densities of 1.75 Wh kg−1 and 2.7 kW kg−1, respectively, are obtained when normalized with respect to twice the PPy weight of the smaller electrode. No loss in cell capacitance is seen during charging/discharging at 7.7 A g−1 (PPy) over 1500 cycles. It is proposed that the nonelectroactive carbon filaments decrease the contact resistances and the resistance of the reduced PPy composite. The present straightforward approach represents significant progress in the development of low‐cost and environmentally friendly paper‐based energy‐storage devices for high‐power applications.
von Willebrand disease: Clinical and laboratory lessons learned from the large von Willebrand disease studies
Authors: James Paula D. , Lillicrap David 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDuring the past 25 years, our knowledge concerning the pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and treatment of von Willebrand disease (VWD) has increased significantly. Following the immunological differentiation of factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) in the 1970s and the cloning of the FVIII and VWF genes in the mid‐1980s, substantial progress has been made in our understanding of this, the most common inherited bleeding disorder. We now recognize that VWD represents a range of genetic diseases all with the clinical endpoint of increased mucocutaneous bleeding. The molecular pathology of Type 2 and 3 VWD is now comprehensively documented and involves rare sequence variants at the VWF locus. In contrast, the genetic causation of Type 1 disease remains incompletely defined and in many cases appears to involve genetic determinants in addition to or instead of VWF. The diagnostic triad of a personal history of excessive mucocutaneous bleeding, laboratory tests for VWF that are consistent with VWD, and a family history of the condition remain the keystone to VWD identification. In the laboratory, measurement of VWF antigen and function continue to be the most important diagnostic studies, and while our understanding of the molecular genetic pathology of VWD has advanced considerably in the past decade, genetic testing as a component of diagnosis is limited to certain distinct subtypes of the disorder. Treatment of VWD has been relatively unchanged for the past decade and continues to involve either stimulation of the release of intrinsic VWF with desmopressin or the infusion of VWF concentrates. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The hope and reality of long‐acting hemophilia products
Authors: Pipe Steven W. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRecombinant DNA technology and protein engineering are creating hope that we can address ongoing challenges in hemophilia care such as reducing the costs of therapy, increasing the availability to the developing world, and improving the functional properties of these proteins. Technological advances to improve the half‐life of recombinant clotting factors have brought long‐acting clotting factors for hemophilia replacement therapy closer to reality. Preclinical and clinical trial results are reviewed as well as the potential benefits and risks of these novel therapies. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mitoxantrone, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (NEAM) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with chemosensitive aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kim Ji‐Won , Lee Hyun Jung , Yi Hyeon Gyu , Kim Byung‐Su , Bang Soo‐Mee , Kim Jin Seok , Kim Inho , Yoon Sung‐Soo , Lee Jong Seok , Kim Chul Soo , Park Seonyang , Kim Byoung Kook 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPatients with chemosensitive aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) could benefit from high‐dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (auto‐SCT). We report clinical outcomes of HDC using a novel regimen consisting of mitoxantrone, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (NEAM) with auto‐SCT. A total of 69 patients were consecutively enrolled. Median age was 42 years (range, 20–66 years). Median event‐free survival (EFS) was 17.9 months. Median overall survival (OS) has not been reached yet and estimated 2‐year OS was 64.2%. Among patients with measurable lesions, response rate was 79.5%. Median time to recovery of neutrophil (>500 mL) and platelet (gt;20,000 mL) was 12.5 and 13.5 days, respectively. Febrile neutropenia developed in 61 patients (88.4%). Grades 3 or 4 hepatic toxicity developed in 7 patients (10.1%), Grades 3 or 4 renal toxicity in 2 patients (2.9%), and Grade 3 or 4 cardiac toxicity in 2 patients (2.9%). Transplant‐related mortality (TRM) developed in two patients (2.9%). Multiple prior treatments before transplantation, auxiliary bone marrow harvest for stem cell collection, and high serum lactate dehydrogenase level were related to unfavorable treatment outcomes. In conclusion, NEAM conditioning with auto‐SCT demonstrated considerable efficacy with modest toxicity in patients with chemosensitive aggressive NHL. Am. J. Hematol. 87:479–483, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Diastereoselective Tandem Conjugate Addition–Elimination Reaction of Morita–Baylis–Hillman C Adducts by CC Bond Cleavage
Authors: Yang Wenguo , Tan Davin , Lee Richmond , Li Lixin , Pan Yuanhang , Huang Kuo‐Wei , Tan Choon‐Hong , Jiang Zhiyong 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThrough the cleavage of the CC bond, the first catalytic tandem conjugate addition–elimination reaction of Morita–Baylis–Hillman C adducts has been presented. Various SN2′‐like C‐, S‐, and P‐allylic compounds could be obtained with exclusive E configuration in good to excellent yields. The Michael product could also be easily prepared by tuning the β‐C‐substituent group of the α‐methylene ester under the same reaction conditions. Calculated relative energies of various transition states by DFT methods strongly support the observed chemoselectivity and diastereoselectivity.
Dynamic System Identification Using High‐Order Hopfield‐Based Neural Network (HOHNN)
Authors: Wang Chi‐Hsu , Hung Kun‐Neng 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe high‐order Hopfield‐based neural network (HOHNN) with functional link net (FLN) has been developed in this paper for the purpose of uncertain dynamic system identification. In comparison with the traditional Hopfield neural network (HNN) and the high‐order neural network (HONN), the compact structure ofFLN, with a systematic order mathematical representation combined into the proposedHOHNN, has additional inputs for each neuron for faster convergence rate and less computational load. The weighting factors inHOHNNare tuned via theLyapunov stability theorem to guarantee the convergence performance of real‐time system identification. The robust learning analysis ofHOHNNto improve the convergence in the performance is also discussed. The simulation results and computation analysis for different Hopfield‐based neural networks are conducted to show the effectiveness ofHOHNNin uncertain dynamic system identification.
Output Feedback Terminal Sliding Mode Control for a Class of Second Order Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Zhao Dongya , Li Shaoyuan , Zhu Quanmin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this study, a novel output feedback terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) approach is proposed for a class of second order nonlinear systems in light of the equivalent output injection sliding mode observer (SMO) method and TSMC principle. The SMO method is applied to reconstruct full states in finite time and the non‐singular TSMC algorithm is designed to stabilize system states to equilibrium points in finite time. The corresponding stability analysis is presented. An indispensable illustrative example is bench tested to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Stability Analysis of Uncertainty Linear Systems Described by Fuzzy Characteristic Equations
Authors: Hallaji Majid , Zare Assef , Kamyad Ali Vahidian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis paper uses Kharitonov's theorem to present a new idea for assessment of the stability of linear systems that are described by fuzzy differential equations, while system uncertainty is expressed as fuzzy convex sets for coefficients of the characteristic equation. The paper then deals with determination of stability margins and the design of classical robust controllers of fuzzy type for those systems. In each part, illustrative examples and simulation results are provided.
Brücken Form Konstruktion Kritik
Authors: Stiglat Klaus 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBrücken verändern die Landschaft und das Stadtbild, sie können verunstalten und bereichern. Mit den neuen Brücken aus Stahl oder später aus Beton stellte sich die Frage nach ihrem ästhetischen Wert. Die an den Steinbrücken entwickelten Maßstäbe verloren weitgehend ihre Gültigkeit: Die Linie eroberte nun mit den neuartigen Konstruktionen den Raum. Eine Sparte “Kritik” findet sich weder in der Ausbildung der Bauingenieure noch, von Ausnahmen abgesehen, in ihren Publikationen, obwohl die meisten Brücken eine “Rezension” verdienten: Der nachfolgende Beitrag ist ein Plädoyer dafür.
Rissbildung infolge Bewehrungskorrosion
Authors: Müller Harald S. , Bohner Edgar 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDie bisherigen Ansätze zur Bemessung einer Betonkonstruktion auf ihre Lebensdauer betrachten das Ende der Einleitungsphase (Depassivierung der Bewehrung) als kritischen Grenzzustand. Wesentlich besser wäre es, die eintretende Schädigung, also bei Bewehrungskorrosion den Zeitpunkt der Rissbildung, als Grenzzustand heranzuziehen. Dies ist bisher jedoch nicht möglich, weil die Zeitspanne zwischen dem Ende der Einleitungsphase und der Erstrissbildung unbekannt ist. Die Lösung dieses offenen Problems ist von zentraler Bedeutung, da die unbekannte Zeitspanne zwischen wenigen Monaten und Jahrzehnten betragen kann und im letzteren Fall eine aufwendige Bemessung auf Basis des Grenzzustands Depassivierung der Bewehrung obsolet ist.Vor diesem Hintergrund setzt sich der vorliegende Beitrag mit der Schädigungsphase, also mit den Prozessen nach Ende der Einleitungsphase und der Rissbildung infolge der Bewehrungskorrosion, auseinander. Es werden die Ergebnisse einer umfangreichen wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung zusammengefasst. Sie ermöglichten die Entwicklung eines Modells, mit dessen Hilfe für unterschiedliche Einwirkungen und betontechnische Randbedingungen die Zeitspanne zwischen der Depassivierung (Korrosionsbeginn) und dem Schadenseintritt (Risse, Abplatzungen) berechnet werden kann. Des Weiteren gelang es, durch neuartige Versuche und eine spezielle Versuchskonzeption erstmals ein Materialgesetz für den sich unter Praxisbedingungen bildenden Rost abzuleiten.Cracking due to reinforcement corrosion. Mechanisms and prediction modelsCurrent approaches for service life design of concrete structures define the end of the initiation period (depassivation of the reinforcement) as the critical limit state. It would be a significant improvement to specify the occurring damage as a limit state, i. e. the condition when cracking due to reinforcement corrosion appears. However, this is not yet possible since the time interval between the end of the initiation period and the cracking of cover concrete is unknown. The solution of this unsolved problem is of high importance since the unknown time interval may last between few months and decades. The latter could imply that an elaborate service life design based on the limit state depassivation of the reinforcement is obsolete.Against this background the present paper is dealing with the propagation period, i. e. with the processes after the end of the initiation period and the cracking due to reinforcement corrosion. The results of a comprehensive scientific research project are summarized. They allowed for the development of a model which enables to calculate the time interval between depassivation (start of corrosion) and damage occurrence (cracking, spalling) for different exposures and concrete technical conditions. A further successful outcome, which is based on novel experiments and a special test configuration, is the first constitutive law for rust that is formed under practical conditions within the transition zone between the reinforcing steel and concrete.
Animating synthetic dyadic conversations with variations based on context and agent attributes
Authors: Sun Libo , Shoulson Alexander , Huang Pengfei , Nelson Nicole , Qin Wenhu , Nenkova Ani , Badler Norman I. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTConversations between two people are ubiquitous in many inhabited contexts. The kinds of conversations that occur depend on several factors, including the time, the location of the participating agents, the spatial relationship between the agents, and the type of conversation in which they are engaged. The statistical distribution of dyadic conversations among a population of agents will therefore depend on these factors. In addition, the conversation types, flow, and duration will depend on agent attributes such as interpersonal relationships, emotional state, personal priorities, and socio‐cultural proxemics. We present a framework for distributing conversations among virtual embodied agents in a real‐time simulation. To avoid generating actual language dialogues, we express variations in the conversational flow by using behavior trees implementing a set of conversation archetypes. The flow of these behavior trees depends in part on the agents' attributes and progresses based on parametrically estimated transitional probabilities. With the participating agents' state, a ‘smart event’ model steers the interchange to different possible outcomes as it executes. Example behavior trees are developed for two conversation archetypes: buyer–seller negotiations and simple asking–answering; the model can be readily extended to others. Because the conversation archetype is known to participating agents, they can animate their gestures appropriate to their conversational state. The resulting animated conversations demonstrate reasonable variety and variability within the environmental context. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Frustration and Occupational Disorder: The Rare Earth Metal Polysulfides Tb8S14.8, Dy8S14.9, Ho8S14.9, and Y8S14.8.
Authors: Doert Thomas , Graf Christian , Vasilyeva Inga G. , Schnelle Walter 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDark red crystals of the title compounds are prepared by flux reactions of the elements in KBr (1070 K, 10 d) and by metathesis reaction of LnCl3 (Ln: Tb—Ho) and M2S2 (M: Na, K).
ChemInform Abstract: New Vanadium Selenites: Centrosymmetric Ca2(VO2)2(SeO3)3 (H2O)2, Sr2(VO2)2(SeO3)3, and Ba(V2O5)(SeO3), and Noncentrosymmetric and Polar A4(VO2)2(SeO3)4 (Se2O5) (A: Sr2+ or Pb2+).
Authors: Yeon Jeongho , Kim Sang‐Hwan , Nguyen Sau Doan , Lee Hana , Halasyamani P. Shiv 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe title compounds are characterized by single crystal XRD, IR and UV/VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, second harmonic generation, piezoelectric, and polarization measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Anhydrous Bismuth Potassium Nitrate, K3Bi2(NO3)9: Synthesis, Structure Characterization and Thermal Decomposition.
Authors: Goaz A. , Uvarov V. , Popov I. , Shenawi‐Khalil S. , Sasson Y. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe title compound is prepared by evaporation of an aqueous solution of Bi(NO3)3 and KCl (200 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ba8Hg3U3S18: A Complex Uranium(+4)/Uranium(+5) Sulfide.
Authors: Bugaris Daniel E. , Ibers James A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBlack single crystals of the title compound are synthesized by reaction of S, HgS, BaS, U metal, and sulfur in either BaBr2/KBr or BaCl2 flux (evacuated carbon‐coated silica tube, 1173 K, 7 d, 5 resp.15 wt.% yield).