bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on Safety and Health Among Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers in the United States and México: A Qualitative Field Study
Authors: Stallones Lorann , Acosta Martha S. Vela , Sample Pat , Bigelow Philip , Rosales Monica 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT:
Context: A large number of hired farmworkers in the United States come from México. Understanding safety and health concerns among the workers is essential to improving prevention programs. Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to obtain detailed information about safety and health concerns of hired farmworkers in Colorado and in México. Methods: A total of 10 migrant farmworkers from northern Colorado and 5 seasonal farmworkers from Guanajuato, México, were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview process. The social cognitive theory (SCT) served as a framework to gain understanding of safety and health among workers. Findings: Topics of concern identified included causes of farm, home and motor vehicle injuries, and treatment preferences for injuries and illnesses. Four main themes emerged: safety and health concerns, personal control and prevention strategies, factors affecting control and prevention strategies, and the importance of family. Conclusions: Further study of the themes using a revised semi‐structured interview will be done in a larger study among hired farmworkers. The results add to the current work to understand specific health and safety concerns among these workers.
The Religious Dimension of Politics in Maoist China1
Authors: Gamsa Mark 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article presents four main approaches to research on the dissemination of Marxist ideology in China: those of intellectual history, political or social history, history of religion and discourse analysis. Rather than argue for the theoretical applicability of the term ‘political religion’ to the case of China under the rule of Mao Zedong (1949–76), it offers a broader consideration of the relevance of religion to politics in modern China. It suggests that a ‘religious dimension’ was consistently present in the propaganda of the Chinese Communist Party as well as in people's minds.
Serial Verb Constructions
Authors: Bisang Walter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe present article aims to give a survey of the typology of serial verb constructions (SVCs) and the criteria that are needed for defining them. For that purpose, it starts with a detailed account of Aikhenvald and Dixon (2006) and their comprehensive cross‐linguistic account of SVCs. In a critical discussion of this approach, this article will then address the following three issues. (i) The concept of single eventhood is a more general concept from which a number of Aikhenvald and Dixon's (2006) criteria can be iconically derived. The macro‐event property and time‐positional operators (Bohnemeyer et al. 2007) provide a good basis for a more coherent definition of what makes an event as far as events are independent of cultural factors. (ii) Some languages like Kalam also use the morphosyntactic expression format of serialization for discourse purposes. Because the narrative use of that construction clearly violates single eventhood, it should not be discussed as an instance of SVC. (iii) Historically, the unmarked juxtaposition of verbs can induce processes of grammaticalization and lexicalization. This article ends with the question of how far the label of ‘serial verb construction’ actually refers to a cross‐linguistically coherent phenomenon.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers in the Melon Fruit Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: WU YI , LI ZHIHONG , WU JIAJIAO 
Published: March 2009

Abstract Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) is an important insect pest of melon fruit causing extensive losses of production in Asia and Pacific areas. Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from an enriched DNA library of this species and their amplification characteristics are described. Genetic parameters were estimated on 80 individual flies from four natural populations. Allele numbers per locus ranged from three to 20. These microsatellite markers have potential utility in population structure and gene flow studies of B. cucurbitae.
Antibiotic Resistance in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Strains with Increased Mutation Frequency Due to Inactivation of the DNA Oxidative Repair System
Authors: Mandsberg L. F. , Ciofu O. , Kirkby N. , Christiansen L. E. , Poulsen H. E. , Høiby N. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

The chronic
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
infection of the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is characterized by the biofilm mode of growth and chronic inflammation dominated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). A high percentage of
P. aeruginosa
strains show high frequencies of mutations (hypermutators [HP]).
P. aeruginosa
is exposed to oxygen radicals, both those generated by its own metabolism and especially those released by a large number of PMNs in response to the chronic CF lung infection. Our work therefore focused on the role of the DNA oxidative repair system in the development of HP and antibiotic resistance. We have constructed and characterized
mutT
,
mutY
, and
mutM
mutants in
P. aeruginosa
strain PAO1. The
mutT
and
mutY
mutants showed 28- and 7.5-fold increases in mutation frequencies, respectively, over that for PAO1. These mutators had more oxidative DNA damage (higher levels of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine) than PAO1 after exposure to PMNs, and they developed resistance to antibiotics more frequently. The mechanisms of resistance were increased β-lactamase production and overexpression of the MexCD-OprJ efflux-pump. Mutations in either the
mutT
or the
mutY
gene were found in resistant HP clinical isolates from patients with CF, and complementation with wild-type genes reverted the phenotype. In conclusion, oxidative stress might be involved in the development of resistance to antibiotics. We therefore suggest the possible use of antioxidants for CF patients to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Mechanisms of Resistance in
Shigella
and
Salmonella
Isolates from Children under Five Years of Age with Diarrhea in Rural Mozambique
Authors: Mandomando Inácio , Jaintilal Dinis , Pons Maria J. , Vallès Xavier , Espasa Mateu , Mensa Laura , Sigaúque Betuel , Sanz Sergi , Sacarlal Jahit , Macete Eusébio , Abacassamo Fátima , Alonso Pedro L. , Ruiz Joaquim 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

The antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance of 109
Shigella
and 40
Salmonella
isolates from children with diarrhea in southern Mozambique were assessed. The susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents was tested by disk diffusion, and mechanisms of resistance were searched by PCR or colorimetric method. A high proportion of
Shigella
isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (Chl) (52%), ampicillin (Amp) (56%), tetracycline (Tet) (66%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Sxt) (84%). Sixty-five percent of the isolates were multidrug resistant.
Shigella flexneri
isolates were more resistant than those of
Shigella sonnei
to Amp (66% versus 0.0%,
P
< 0.001) and Chl (61% versus 0.0%,
P
< 0.001), whereas
S. sonnei
isolates presented higher resistance to Tet than
S. flexneri
isolates (93% versus 64%,
P
= 0.02). Resistance among
Salmonella
isolates was as follows: Tet and Chl, 15% each; Sxt, 18%; and Amp, 25%. Only 3% of
Salmonella
isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid (Nal), and none to ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone (Cro). Among
Salmonella
isolates, multiresistance was found in 23%. Among
Shigella
isolates, antibiotic resistance was related mainly to the presence of
oxa-1
-like β-lactamases for Amp,
dfrA1
genes for Sxt,
tetB
genes for Tet, and Chl acetyltransferase (CAT) activity for Chl. Among
Salmonella
isolates, resistance was conferred by
tem-
like β-lactamases for Amp,
floR
genes and CAT activity for Chl,
tetA
genes for Tet, and
dfrA1
genes for Sxt. Our data show that
Shigella
isolates are resistant mostly to the most available, inexpensive antibiotics by various molecular mechanisms but remain susceptible to ciprofloxacin, Cro, and Nal, which is the first line for empirical treatment of shigellosis in the country.
High Rate of Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone among Nontyphoid
Salmonella
Clinical Isolates in Asia
Authors: Lee Hao-Yuan , Su Lin-Hui , Tsai Ming-Han , Kim Shin-Woo , Chang Hyun-Ha , Jung Sook-In , Park Kyung-Hwa , Perera Jennifer , Carlos Celia , Tan Ban Hock , Kumarasinghe Gamini , So Thomas , Chongthaleong Anan , Hsueh Po-Ren , Liu Jien-Wei , Song Jae-Hoon , Chiu Cheng-Hsun 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

This multinational study from Asia revealed that reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC, 0.125 to 1 μg/ml) in nontyphoid
Salmonella
isolates was common in Taiwan (48.1%) and Thailand (46.2%) and in
S. enterica
serotype Choleraesuis (68.8%) and
S
. Virchow (75.0%) from all countries. Reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone (MIC, 2 to 8 μg/ml) remained uncommon in Asia, except in Taiwan (38.0%) or in
S
. Typhimurium (25.0%) from all countries.
Topoisomerase I Gene Mutations at F270 in the Large Subunit and N184 in the Small Subunit Contribute to the Resistance Mechanism of the Unicellular ParasiteLeishmania donovanitowards 3,3′-Diindolylmethane
Authors: Roy Amit , BoseDasgupta Somdeb , Ganguly Agneyo , Jaisankar Parasuraman , Majumder Hemanta K. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a novel poison targetingLeishmania donovanitopoisomerase I (LdTOP1LS), induces programmed cell death inLeishmaniaparasites. The development of resistant parasites by adaptation with increasing concentrations of DIM generates random mutations in LdTOP1LS. Single-nucleotide mutations result in the amino acid substitutions F270L and K430N in the large subunit and N184S in the small subunit of the enzyme. DIM failed to inhibit the catalytic activity of the recombinant mutant enzyme (LdTOP1DRLS). Transfection studies of the mutant genes showed that the mutated topoisomerase I confers DIM resistance on wild-typeLeishmaniaparasites. Site-directed mutagenesis studies revealed that a substantial level of resistance is conferred by the F270L mutation alone; however, all three mutations (F270L, K430N, and N184S) together are required to reach a higher-resistance phenotype. DIM fails to stabilize the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complexes in the F270 mutant. Moreover, DIM cannot interfere with the religation step in the catalytic cycle of the recombinant F270L mutant enzyme. Taken together, these findings identify novel mutations in topoisomerase I that hinder its interaction with DNA, thereby modulating enzyme catalysis and conferring resistance to DIM. These studies advance our understanding of the mechanism of cell poisoning by DIM and suggest a specific modification of the drug that may improve its efficacy.
Articulated laticifers in the vegetative organs of Mandevilla atroviolacea (Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae)
Authors: Lopes Karina Lucas Barbosa , Thadeo Marcela , Azevedo Aristéa Alves , Soares Arlete Aparecida , Meira Renata Maria Strozi Alves 
Published: March 2009

The occurrence of nonarticulated laticifers has been recorded in the literature for Apocynaceae, but little information is available on their structure and the chemical compounds in their latex. The objective of this study was to describe, anatomically and histochemically, the laticifers and latex found in the roots, stems, and leaves of Mandevilla atroviolacea (Stadelm) Woodson, a genus in the Apocynaceae. Laticifer anatomy was examined by light microscopy, and the chemical nature of the exuded latex was studied using cytochemistry. Articulated laticifers were present in M. atroviolacea. The lactiferous system in stems and leaves originated from both procambium and ground meristem, and it was determined to be functional, as indicated by changes in the cytoplasm immediately subsequent to its formation. However, in tuberous roots, laticifers originated from the vascular cambium, phellogen, and parenchymatous cortical cells. The primary wall of laticifers consists of pectins and cellulose and is thicker than that of adjacent cells. The laticifer secretion contained an emulsion of lipophilic substances rich in neutral lipids, resin oils, and possibly rubber. The presence of articulated laticifers is reported for the first time for Apocynoideae, contributing to the knowledge and understanding of these structures in the family Apocynaceae.
Jüdische oder römische Perspektive? Neue Studien zum römisch dominierten Judäa – Ein kritischer Literaturbericht
Authors: Bormann Lukas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article reports on the most important results of recent studies published in German that deal with Roman-dominated Judea/Palestine and contextualizes them within international research. Publications by Monika Bernett, Werner Eck, Linda-Marie Günther, Achim Lichtenberger and Julia Wilker offer an equally intense examination of the sources, but significantly differ in their perspectives. The question behind the examination asks whether this region has developed in a particular manner that has been shaped and created by Jewish religion and culture, or whether it was a "normal" Roman province with a history shaped by the same circumstances and events as other parts of the Roman Empire. In the case of Judea, the findings of historical research are simultaneously at the center of contemporary legitimizing discourses. The discussion pleads for a cultural comparative historical investigation that critically questions the binary opposition of Jewish versus pagan.
Diaspora ohne Religion? Zur Konjunktur des Diaspora-Konzepts in den Sozialwissenschaften
Authors: Tiesler Nina Clara 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTaking a critical perspective on the loss of analytical categories, this article discusses the enormous proliferation of Diaspora concepts in social sciences at large, and in particular with regard to discourses on Muslims in Europe. In the era of international migration, the experience of homelessness, deriving from the loss of the myth of religio-cultural and ethno-linguistically singularity in contemporary societies, seems to become an universal phenomenon. Questions of home and belonging are key issues in the current discourses on Diaspora which, since the turning point of 1989, developed aggressively beyond those academic disciplines concerned with religion.
Krieg und Glaube. Die Revue Spirite 1870/1871
Authors: Souza Gregório 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn 1870, the most important journal of Allan Kardec's spiritist school, the "Revue Spirite", ascribes a superlative role to France in the intellectual world and encourages soldiers to defend their fatherland. The defeat against Prussia is interpreted as a punishment for crimes of the Premier Empire. The journal recognizes the necessity of reforms, but it does not support the Commune in 1871.
Numerical Simulation of Hurricane Bonnie (1998). Part III: Energetics
Authors: Hogsett Wallace , Zhang Da-Lin 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Despite considerable research on tropical cyclones (TCs), few studies have been performed to examine inner-core energy conversions because of the lack of high-resolution data. In this study, the TC energetic characteristics in relation to intensity and structural changes under different sheared environments are investigated using a 5-day cloud-resolving simulation of Hurricane Bonnie (1998). Results show that in the presence of intense vertical shear Bonnie undergoes high-frequency fluctuations in intensity and energy conversions (at a time scale of 3 h) during the partial eyewall stage. The fluctuations are closely related to the life cycle of individual convective elements that propagate cyclonically around the downshear portion of the eyewall. The energy conversions are shown to be maximized in the vicinity of the radius of maximum wind (RMW), thus affecting strongly TC intensity. On average, about 2% of latent energy can be converted to kinetic energy to increase TC intensity. After the vertical shear subsides below a threshold, intensity fluctuations become small as convective elements reorganize into an axisymmetric eyewall in which energy conversions are more evenly distributed.
Fourier decomposition is conducted to separate the wavenumber-0, -1, and -2 components of inner-core energetics. Whereas wavenumber-1 perturbations dominate the partial eyewall stage, the propagation of wavenumber-2 perturbations is shown to be closely related to individual convective elements during both the partial eyewall and axisymmetric stages. The wavenumber-2 perturbations can be traced as they move around the eyewall in the form of vortex–Rossby waves, and they play a role in determining the large intensity fluctuations during the partial eyewall stage and the formation of an outer eyewall to replace the partial inner eyewall at the later stage.
Evaluation of Hydrometeor Occurrence Profiles in the Multiscale Modeling Framework Climate Model Using Atmospheric Classification
Authors: Marchand Roger , Beagley Nathaniel , Ackerman Thomas P. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Vertical profiles of hydrometeor occurrence from the multiscale modeling framework (MMF) climate model are compared with profiles observed by a vertically pointing millimeter wavelength cloud radar (located in the U.S. southern Great Plains) as a function of the large-scale atmospheric state. The atmospheric state is determined by classifying (or clustering) the large-scale (synoptic) fields produced by the MMF and a numerical weather prediction model using a neural network approach. The comparison shows that for cold-frontal and post-cold-frontal conditions the MMF produces profiles of hydrometeor occurrence that compare favorably with radar observations, while for warm-frontal conditions the model tends to produce hydrometeor fractions that are too large with too much cloud (nonprecipitating hydrometeors) above 7 km and too much precipitating hydrometeor coverage below 7 km. It is also found that the MMF has difficulty capturing the formation of low clouds and that, for all atmospheric states that occur during June, July, and August, the MMF produces too much high and thin cloud, especially above 10 km.
Estimation of the Surface Water Budget of the La Plata Basin
Authors: Su Fengge , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface hydrology model forced by gridded observed precipitation and temperature for the period 1979–99 is used to simulate the land surface water balance of the La Plata basin (LPB). The modeled water balance is evaluated with streamflow observations from the major tributaries of the LPB. The spatiotemporal variability of the water balance terms of the LPB are then evaluated using offline VIC model simulations, the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-40), and inferences obtained from a combination of these two. The seasonality and interannual variability of the water balance terms vary across the basin. Over the Uruguay River basin and the entire LPB, precipitation (P) exceeds evapotranspiration (E) and the basins act as a moisture sink. However, the Paraguay River basin acts as a net source of moisture in dry seasons (strong negative P − E). The annual means and monthly time series of ERA-40 P are in good agreement with gauge observations over the entire LPB and its subbasins, except for the Uruguay basin. The E estimates from VIC and inferred from the ERA-40 atmospheric moisture budget are consistent in both seasonal and interannual variations over the entire LPB, but large discrepancies exist between the two E estimates over the subbasins. The long-term mean of atmospheric moisture convergence P − E agrees well with observed runoff R for the upper Paraná River basin, whereas the imbalance is large (28%) for the Uruguay basin—possibly because of its small size. Major problems appear over the Paraguay basin with negative long-term mean of atmospheric moisture convergence P − E, which is not physically realistic. The computed precipitation recycling in the LPB (for L = 500 km) exhibits strong seasonal and spatial variations with ratios of 0%–3% during the cold season and 5%–7% during the warm season.
Three-Dimensional Evolution of Large-Amplitude Internal Waves in the Strait of Gibraltar
Authors: Vlasenko Vasiliy , Sanchez Garrido Jose C. , Stashchuk Nataliya , Garcia Lafuente Jesus , Losada Miguel 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The modeling of large-amplitude internal waves (LAIWs) propagating in the Strait of Gibraltar is carried out using a fully nonlinear nonhydrostatic numerical model. The focus of the modeling efforts was on three-dimensional peculiarities of LAIW evolution, namely, cross-strait variability, interaction with lateral boundaries (including wave breaking and water mixing), radiation of secondary waves from orographic features, and interaction of secondary scattered internal waves.
The along-channel propagation of packets of LAIWs reveals remarkable three-dimensional behavior. Due to the Coriolis force and multiple reflections from the lateral boundaries, the largest leading LAIW loses its energy much faster than that in the packet tail, which captures the scattered energy from the leading wave as it propagates and grows in amplitude. As a result of the energy transfer, the initially rank-ordered wave packet loses its regular structure to evolve into a non-rank-ordered wave train. In situ data collected in the eastern part of the Strait of Gibraltar confirm the idea that the non-rank-ordered structure is a common feature of internal wave packets emerging from the strait into the Alboran Sea.
Long-term polyclonal and multilineage engraftment of methylguanine methyltransferase P140K gene-modified dog hematopoietic cells in primary and secondary recipients
Authors: Beard Brian C. , Sud Reeteka , Keyser Kirsten A. , Ironside Christina , Neff Tobias , Gerull Sabine , Trobridge Grant D. , Kiem Hans-Peter 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Overexpression of methylguanine methyltransferase P140K (MGMTP140K) has been successfully used for in vivo selection and chemoprotection in mouse and large animal studies, and has promise for autologous and allogeneic gene therapy. We examined the long-term safety of MGMTP140K selection in a clinically relevant dog model. Based on the association of provirus integration and proto-oncogene activation leading to leukemia in the X-linked immunodeficiency trial, we focused our analysis on the distribution of retrovirus integration sites (RIS) relative to proto-oncogene transcription start sites (TSS). We analyzed RIS near proto-oncogene TSS before (n = 157) and after (n = 129) chemotherapy in dogs that received MGMTP140K gene-modified cells and identified no overall increase of RIS near proto-oncogene TSS after chemotherapy. We also wanted to determine whether in vivo selected cells retained fundamental characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells. To that end, we performed secondary transplantation of MGMTP140K gene-modified cells after in vivo selection in dog leukocyte antigen (DLA)–matched dogs. Gene-modified cells achieved multilineage repopulation, and we identified the same gene-modified clone in both dogs more than 800 and 900 days after transplantation. These data suggest that MGMTP140K selection is well tolerated and should allow clinically for selection of gene-corrected cells in genetic or infectious diseases or chemoprotection for treatment of malignancy.