bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The heterogeneous Iceland plume: new insights from the alkaline basalts of the Snaefell volcanic centre
Authors: Hards V. L. , Kempton P. D. , Thompson R. N. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

It has been accepted for some time that mixing between MORB-source mantle and the Iceland plume (geochemically relatively ‘reriched’ mantle) occurs along the Reykjanes Ridge. The composition of the basalts becomes progressively more enriched in lithophile elements towards Iceland. Within Iceland itself, there is significant variation in the composition of the mafic volcanic rocks. Although variations in degree of melting of a single source could have produced the elemental compositions of the Icelandic picritic, tholeiitic and alkalic basalts, their isotope systematics are not consistent with this model and require differences in source chemistry. Therefore, either MORB-source mantle has been mixed into the plume or the plume itself is heterogeneous. The clearest indications come from Pb isotopic data, which suggest that MORB-source mantle was
excluded
from the generation of Icelandic volcanic rocks.
Stress generation at ridge axes by plate divergence and magma rise
Authors: Jacoby W. R. , Higgs B. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
A model is explored for the rifting process particularly at the divergent plate boundary in Iceland, based on direct observations of the Krafla rifting episode 1975–1984. Magma accumulates near the axial crust-mantle transition as the plates diverge from each other and compression on the boundary decreases. Two-dimensional finite-element modelling is applied to investigate how divergence and buoyant rise of magma interact in triggering rifting. Both processes are found to be important, but long intervals between rifting episodes require the time-average deviatoric stress to be compressible normal to the axis.
Ontong Java and Kerguelen Plateaux: Cretaceous Icelands?
Authors: Coffin M. F. , Gahagan L. M. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Together with Iceland, the two giant oceanic plateaux, Ontong Java in the western Pacific and Kerguelen/Broken Ridge in the Indian Ocean, are accumulations of mafic igneous rock which were not formed by ‘normal’ seafloor spreading. We compare published geochronological, crustal structure, and subsidence results with tectonic fabric highlighted in new satellite-derived free-air gravity data from the three igneous provinces, and conclude that existing evidence weighs lightly against the Ontong Java and Kerguelen plateaux originating at a seafloor spreading centre.
The Significance of the Arabic-Modelled Malay Novel Hikayat Faridah Hanum
Authors: Bahjat Mujahid M. , Muhammad Basil Q. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractArabic literature had a great impact on Malay literature, due to the cultural connection with Arabic through Islam. This article attempts to uncover the extent to which the Malay narrative tradition has been influenced by Egyptian literature through the example of the novel Hikayat Faridah Hanum, published in 1925-6 by Syed Sheikh bin Ahmad al-Hadi, which appears to have been influenced by Muammad ussain Haykal’s novel Zaynab, first published in 1914. It also reveals that the similarity between the two works does not indicate plagiarism, but rather al- Hadi’s concern for the Malaysian narrative forms and their preference for happy endings. As a reformist, Syed Sheikh’s novel is an embodiment of his intellectual ideals of liberating Malay women from traditional social bonds well established in Malay society.
“Acoustic Walls”: On Feminine Voices in Stories by Sāmiyah ‘At‘ūt
Authors: Gottesfeld Dorit 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article examines the new line of writing introduced by young Palestinian women writers, focusing on the works of the Palestinian-Jordanian writer Sāmiyah ‘At‘ūt and her use of a relatively new literary genre, that of the Very Short Story. This article argues that ‘At‘ūt exploits the conciseness characteristic of this genre to underscore women’s issues and the feminine perspective, and to subvert male literary writing conventions. It shows how the stories reflect a reality of social rupture along gendered lines on the one hand, and on the other, attempt to establish an alternative by revealing the thoughts of the female protagonists and the way in which they analyze and perceive their social situation.
,,Sie schenkte mir drei Tassen Spruch...“ Wilhelm von Humboldt und die Anfänge der deutsch-jüdischen Geselligkeit in den Briefen der Berliner Salongesellschaft
Authors: Lund Hannah Lotte 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Berlin Jewish Salons of 1800 have often been discussed as places for emancipation and even as moments of ,,German-Jewish Symbiosis”, a phrase that has been questioned ever since Gershom Scholem's verdict, that there was no such thing as a German-Jewish dialogue. This article explores the ways and the tone of the communication in the Berlin salon of the 1790s as it can be traced in their papers and letters. On the basis of mainly unpublished ,,billets” it can be shown that members of the salon society upheld a somewhat ,,enlightened” tone. A specific blend of irony, wit, gallantry and gossip helped to deal with conflicting issues such as differences in background or conversion. On the example of Wilhelm von Humboldt, the paper discusses to what extent the networking relationships of the 1790s changed and were still relevant at the beginning of the 19th century.
Im Kreise der Aufgeklärten Der Einfluss Moses Mendelssohns und David Friedländers auf die Reformkonzepte Wilhelm von Humboldts
Authors: Schoeps Julius H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe following article aims at investigating the influence of the Haskalah on Wilhelm von Humboldt's reform plans. The argument is that Moses Mendelssohn and his student David Friedländer indeed had contact with Wilhelm von Humboldt. Nevertheless, their influence was not direct, but rather indirect. The article shows that Mendelssohn and Friedländer inspired some of Wilhelm von Humboldt's ideas.
Der Asketen- als Wissenskörper: Zum verkörperlichten Wissen des Simeon Stylites in ausgewählten texten der Spätantike
Authors: Renger Almut-Barbara , Stellmacher Alexandra 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe strict distinction and separation of mind and body is a particularly modern Western point of view that is routinely also applied to other cultures. Arguing against this dichotomy, the following contribution builds upon research on "implicit knowledge" (Michael Polanyi) and "knowing how" that allow us to view body and mind in their interaction. The focus is on Simeon Stylites the Elder, the most prominent representative of the Syrian ascetic movement, who, in a spectacular way and after incessant exercise, was able to act from a sphere of internalized body-knowledge. Selected texts on him dating from Late Antiquity will illustrate how the ascetic body was represented as a body of knowledge with which the idea of Christian perfection was to be fulfilled.
Du sollst dir kein Bildnis machen: Das Problem der künstlerischen Darstellung des Göttlichen in Hermann Cohens Ästhetik
Authors: Gamba Ezio 
Published: March 2011

AbstractJewish monotheism forbids every representation of God. In ancient Greece, on the contrary, great sculptural art was mainly representation of several gods. I wonder whether, according to Hermann Cohen, sculpture and paganism are necessarily bound together. What, then, is the meaning of artistic representation of Jesus Christ? Is he the ideal of an unification of God and Man?
Furcht vor Vernichtung und der ewige Bund: Das Buch Ester im Judentum und in jüdischer Theologie
Authors: Kalimi Isaac 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAlthough for some reasons the book of Esther is missing from among the biblical manuscripts of the Dead Sea Scrolls, it has a unique place in Judaism and Jewish theology and thought. A large number of exegetes, ballads, poems, essays, arts, etc. have been composed on it, in all times and places, alongside the Jewish history and culture. Esther expresses one of the worst fears of the Jewish people: fear for complete annihilation, which is also well documented in the Hebrew Bible as well as in some extra-biblical sources (e.g., "Israel Stele", Moabite Stone). Esther replies to that fear, and forwards the theological message that God never leaves Israel. He is the faithful God "who maintains covenant loyalty with those who love him and keep his commandments". Yet, the historical reality of the Jewish Diaspora shows differently. The article discusses, therefore, also this theology, history and us, as post-Sho'ah readers of Esther.
Non-Participation in the Fish Stocks Agreement: Status and Reasons
Authors: Molenaar E.J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAlthough the Fish Stocks Agreement was adopted by consensus after around only 2.5 years of negotiation, the final text did not fully resolve all significant differences of view. As it was feared that participation in the Fish Stocks Agreement would remain as troublesome as in the 1958 Geneva Fisheries Convention, considerable efforts have been made to promote wider participation since the Agreement’s entry into force in 2001. On 22 November 2010 there were 78 parties to the Fish Stocks Agreement and 161 to the Law of the Sea Convention. This article examines the current status and reasons for non-participation in the Fish Stocks Agreement by, inter alia, categorizing non-participation, appraising participation in light of the current participation in the Law of the Sea Convention and examining the relationship between the Agreement and regional fisheries management organizations.
Implementing a New Regime of Stable Maritime Zones to Ensure the (Economic) Survival of Small Island States Threatened by Sea-Level Rise
Authors: Stoutenburg Jenny Grote 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSome low-lying small island states are in danger of being rendered uninhabitable or even completely submerged by climate change-induced sea-level rise. However, even before their physical destruction, the socio-economic viability of small island states might be compromised by the current design of the law of the sea which provides for ambulatory baselines and maritime limits and thus the shrinking of maritime zones with sea-level rise. This article examines the legal avenues open to small island and other interested states to permanently fix their maritime zones. Concluding that unilateral strategies are inadequate, it proposes the adoption of coordinated responses such as an Implementation Agreement on Sea-Level Rise or a UN General Assembly resolution on stable maritime zones and explores the precedential basis, scope and possible content of these collective implementation mechanisms for a new regime of stable maritime zones.
Sir Hersch Lauterpacht’s Idea of State Sovereignty ‐ Is It Still Alive?
Authors: Kwiecień Roman 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article explores Lauterpacht’s understanding of state sovereignty and its importance today. To this end, it presents intellectual roots of Lauterpacht’s legal thought that is both negative inspiration of his teaching (legal positivism) and the leading role in his work of Grotian and Victorian tradition embodying ideas of natural law, liberalism and progress, supported by Kelsen’s epistemology. Lauterpacht rejects legal positivism, which underlines a freedom of action of states, and, consequently, dependence of international law on state sovereignty. What he deems as relevant is the inverse dependence ‐ sovereignty stems from international law. The idea of sovereignty performs an important cognitive function by indicating the absence of legal interdependencies between states. Sovereignty is not an absolute, rigid category, but a bundle of rights conferred on states by international law. Such a nominalist approach to sovereignty is today noteworthy all the more because it counters mythology of state and its sovereignty. Yet, the more crucial aspect of Lauterpacht’s idea of sovereignty concerns the position of individuals. His view that human beings should be treated as ultimate subjects of law and that sovereignty means not only rights but also state responsibility is today strongly supported in academia and by some political initiatives.
A Visionary Behind the Iron Curtain: Cezary Berezowski on European Integration
Authors: Łazowski Adam 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis contribution presents the visionary work of Ceary Berezowksi. It focuses on an article published by Berezowski in 1958 entitled “Współpraca współistnienia i współpraca integracji” [Co-operation of co-existence and co-operation of integration], and examines how and to what degree his conclusions on the future of international and European Union law were or were not re-affirmed by later events and jurisprudence.
Preclusion of Wrongfulness of the Use of Force
Authors: Wlaź Aureliusz 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis contribution, stemming from a presentation made at the Conference “Sir Hersch Lauterpacht - Lawyer of Two Cultures”, organized by the Embassy of the Republic of Poland and the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law of the University of Cambridge on 5-6 November 2008, addresses the current debate on the legality of the use of force in international relations. More specifically, it considers the possibility and applicability of the ‘preclusion of wrongfulness’ argument with respect to the use of force. It is argued that although circumstances precluding wrongfulness were never expressly invoked in the context of the use of force, such a possibility may be worth consideration.
Where is the World Heading? Shaping a New International System
Authors: Rotfeld Adam Daniel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAttempting to understand the way in which the international system evolves and what the main forces that shape its future progress are, is always a complicated endeavour. In the present article, based on the presentation made at the Conference “Sir Hersch Lauterpacht ‐ Lawyer of Two Cultures”, organized by the Embassy of the Republic of Poland and the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law of the University of Cambridge, the author undertakes this daunting task. Whereas Kissinger argued that there exist only two paths to stability, hegemony or equilibrium, in this article it is argued that this does not reflect the current reality and challenges of the 21st century. By analysing the current forces and challenges of the modern international community the author of the present article strives to derive certain conclusions as to where the world is heading and what would be the shape of the international system.
Count Rostworowski as an International Lawyer and Judge
Authors: Wyrozumska Anna 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article, stemming from a presentation made at the conference “Sir Hersch Lauterpacht ‐ Lawyer of Two Cultures”, organized by the Embassy of the Republic of Poland and the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law of the University of Cambridge on 5‐6 November 2008, introduces the life and work of Count Rostworowski as a lawyer, academic and international judge. The main focus is on his approach to international law and treaty interpretation in his opinions in the cases of the Permanent Court of International Justice, on which he sat as a judge.
Legal Title versus Effectivités: Prescription and the Promise and Problems of Private Law Analogies
Authors: O’Keefe Roger 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWhich is to prevail in a territorial dispute between the legal title of the one state and the actual display of sovereignty by the other? In the absence of any conventional or customary rule on point, Hersch Lauterpacht would have urged recourse to analogy with municipal private law. But the structural difference between the international and municipal legal orders and the availability of several pertinent private law analogies have complicated the answer to whether what is known as prescription finds a place in public international law. The recent resolution of the question highlights both the utility of and the risk of doctrinal imprecision involved in recourse by the international adjudicator to private law analogies.
The State as a Respondent in Central and Eastern European Investment Arbitrations
Authors: Gomula Joanna 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHersch Lauterpacht would have welcomed the development of international investment law and the surge in investor-State arbitrations. However, he may have been surprised at the extent of the erosion of the perception of the State as a sovereign on the international plane, which has been occurring in recent years. This article examines some international investment arbitrations in which Central and Eastern European States have been involved. It points out the factors that make these States particularly vulnerable as respondents and contains an overview of the different approaches taken by investment tribunals in these cases.
History’s ‘So it seems’: Heidegger-ian Phenomenologies and History
Authors: Jones Adrian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article entitled “History’s ‘So it seems’” explores the potential of phenomenology for the framing of histories which privilege partcipant perspectives. The theory agenda of the article adapts insights drawn from Heidegger’s ontological hermeneutic of Da-sein ‐ the human condition of being-there and being-aware (or not aware). The theory agenda also adapts Heidegger’s readings of Heraclitus. The practical agenda of the article illustrates this potential of Heidegger’s phenomenology for history by contrasting ‘so it once seemed’ senses of the Emperor Julian the Apostate’s Roman pagan self-hood. The contrasts are autobiographical (Julian’s Misopogon), contemporary biographical (Ammianus Marcellinus’s history), and long-lag biographical (Gore Vidal’s novel avowedly constrained by the sources).
History, Ethics and Philosophy: Bernard Williams’ Appraisal of R. G. Collingwood
Authors: Leach Stephen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe author examines Williams’ appraisal of Collingwood both in his eponymous essay on Collingwood, in the posthumously published Sense of the Past (2006), and elsewhere in his work. The similarities and differences between their philosophies are explored: in particular, with regard to the relationship between philosophy and history and the relationship between the study of history and our present-day moral attitudes. It is argued that, despite Williams usually being classified as an analytic philosopher and Collingwood being classified as an idealist, there is substantial common ground between them. Williams was aware of this and made clear his sympathy for Collingwood; but, nonetheless, the relationship between Williams and Collingwood has not previously been explored in any detail. After establishing the common ground between these philosophers, and the areas of disagreement, the author suggests that both may have something to gain from the other.
Secularization, History, and Political Theology: The Hans Blumenberg and Carl Schmitt Debate
Authors: Bragagnolo Celina María 
Published: March 2011

AbstractConsidering the enormous outpouring of scholarly work on Schmitt over the last two decades, the absence of an adequate treatment in English of Schmitt’s concept of history and the problem of secularization is quite surprising. After all, it is Schmitt himself who claims that “all human beings who plan and attempt to unite the masses behind their plans engage in some form of philosophy of history,” such that the attempt to make sense of Schmitt’s program remains incomplete without a serious treatment of his philosophy of history. This article is an attempt to address this problem by means of his exchange with Hans Blumenberg who, more than any other critic of Schmitt, was privy to the political intentions behind Schmitt’s metaphorical use of theology. While their discussion is extensive and wide-ranging, I focus here on their diverging philosophies of history, precisely that aspect that is most relevant to gaining a more expansive understanding of Schmitt’s arguments, and indeed the relationship between political thought and historical thought.
Controlled study of myocardial recovery after interval training in heart failure: SMARTEX-HF – rationale and design
Authors: Støylen Asbjørn , Conraads Viviane , Halle Martin , Linke Axel , Prescott Eva , Ellingsen Øyvind 
Published: March 2011

Background: The large randomized controlled multicentre clinical trial, HF-ACTION, recently demonstrated that a programme of recommendation of regular exercise training at moderate intensity is safe, improves quality of life, and reduces the combined endpoint of all-cause death and hospitalization in patients with chronic heart failure. However, the size of beneficial effects was modest compared to results published in smaller single studies and meta-analyses. Objective: Based on results of a pilot study, the objective of the present investigation is to test the hypothesis that a programme comprising interval training at high relative intensity would yield significantly larger effects in terms of left ventricular remodelling compared to moderate continuous exercise training. Study design: In a three-armed randomized multicentre study of stable heart failure patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%, the effects of a 12-week programme of high-intensity interval training (HIT; 85–90% of peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak) will be compared to actual practice in Europe, represented by either an isocaloric programme of moderate continuous training (MCT; 50–60% of VO2peak) and a recommendation of regular exercise (RE) of the individual patients’ own preference based on clinical practice at the local centre. The primary endpoint is reverse remodelling, defined as change in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter assessed by echocardiography. Secondary endpoints include peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), biomarkers, quality of life, and level of physical activity assessed by questionnaires. In addition, long-term maintenance of effects after the supervised training period will be determined. Assessments will be made at baseline, after the 12-week intervention programme, and at 1-year follow up. A total number of 200 patients on treatment per protocol, randomized to the three groups in a 1 : 1 : 1 manner, is estimated to detect clinically relevant differences in effect with HIT vs. MCT and RE ( p < 0.05; statistical power 0.90) for the primary endpoint. Inclusion of patients started May 2009 and will run until total number has been reached.
Use of industrial kaolin waste from the Brazilian Amazon region for synthesis of zeolite A
Authors: Maia A. A. B. , Angélica R. S. , Neves R. F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractProduction of kaolin for the paper-coating industry in the Brazilian Amazon region generates large amounts of waste, most of which is kaolinite. It is known that such materials can be used to synthesize zeolites. The use of kaolin waste for zeolite synthesis could, in principle, help social and economic development while providing valuable materials for industry. Additionally, there is a significant environmental appeal if such wastes could be used instead of new raw materials.This study focused on the production of zeolite A. Samples of the raw material were first calcined (700ºC/2 h) to obtain metakaolinite for further reaction with NaOH solution. Different parameters were evaluated to optimize the synthesis conditions of zeolite A. The results showed that zeolite A with a large degree of structural order was generally obtained as the only zeolitic product. The following synthesis conditions were used: temperature 110ºC, time 24 h and a Na/Al ratio of 1.36. Hydroxysodalite was also obtained under specific conditions.