bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land use patterns influence in the soil microbial composition
Authors: Zong Donglin , Zhou Yefu , Zhou Jing , Hu Xiaokang , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Studies on the impact of land-use patterns on soil health and sustainability have indicated that land-use changes and unsuitable agricultural practices are key driving factors in the degradation of soil. However, the impact of land-use patterns on soil microbial diversity is not entirely consistent or known, and the specific effects of environmental factors need to be further considered. This study explored the impact of three different land-use patterns—rotation land (RL), garden land (GL), and uncultivated land (UL)—on soil health in a farming region by analyzing the soil physicochemical properties and the diversity of the soil bacterial and fungal communities. In this study, the results showed that the soil pH of GL was significantly lower than that of RL and UL, total nitrogen was lowest in GL, and available potassium and soil organic carbon were higher in RL and GL than in UL. The impact of the land-use patterns on microbial diversity was somewhat inconsistent, but greater on soil bacteria than fungi, with 17 bacterial and 4 fungal metabolic pathways showing significant differences. In particular, a decrease in the relative abundance of dominant bacteria was observed in GL. The land-use patterns had little impact on fungal functional genes; however, plant pathogen-related fungi were significantly higher in GL than in RL and UL. Overall, these results indicate that while the soil basic nutrients in different land-use patterns were high, long-term single planting (GL) still had a negative impact on the health and sustainability of the soil, especially owing to low soil pH. Therefore, when evaluating the effect of different planting systems on soil health, it is necessary to consider the true effect of local agricultural measures on soil properties and microbial community composition, and monitor for microbial diseases in the field to determine the impact of land-use patterns on crop production.
Development of solid-state hybrid capacitor using carbon nanotube film as current collector
Authors: Woo Dong Uk , Park Young Jin , Cheon Jae Young , Lee Kyunbae , Jung Yeonsu , Kim Patrick Joohyun , Kim Taehoon 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Structural energy-storage devices are receiving considerable attention because they can simultaneously store electrical energy and provide structural support, thereby offering high volumetric and gravimetric capacities. Although carbon fiber–based materials have been the most popular choice for current collectors, their conductivity and specific surface area are relatively low; this limits the ability to load other active materials on to the current collector. Carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber is a promising alternative for lightweight structural materials because it has a density of less than 1 g cm−3 as well as high strength and electrical conductivity. In this study, we produced a light, strong, and porous CNT film (CNTF) via direct spinning for use as a current collector. The CNTF exhibited a high specific strength compared with Al foil. We also created an activated carbon–lithium titanium oxide hybrid capacitor with the CNTF current collector, which achieved a capacity similar to that of a capacitor having an Al current collector. Furthermore, a planar pouch cell created using a solid polymer electrolyte achieved a capacity of 74.1 mAh g−1, which is comparable to that of coin cells. Thus, our findings highlight the feasibility of CNTF as a material for current collectors and provide a foundation to develop manufacturing processes for structural batteries.
Maladaptation within the body
Authors: Madgwick Philip G 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe chapter discusses some of the most persuasive examples of maladaptation from selfish genetic elements, arguing against the ‘parliament of the genes’ to suggest that they have a large impact on organism design. Selfish genetic elements are introduced through examples of meiotic drivers, emphasising their evolutionary longevity and harmfulness to individual fitness. The conclusions of the only book-length review of selfish genetic elements (Genes in Conflict, Burt and Trivers 2006) are critiqued. The widely held view that, in the long run, evolution by natural selection acts ‘for the good of the genome’ (which relies upon the theory of the parliament of the genes) is criticised. An alternative theory of the ‘society of genes’ is developed, arguing that cooperation in the genome does not have to be egalitarian to be successful. Whilst some challenges in detecting and quantifying the costs of selfish genetic elements are identified, the evidence for the society of genes is appraised. Against the parliament of the genes, it is argued that its logic mistakenly assumes that the suppressors of selfish genetic elements are more powerful than they are in reality.
Maladaptive transitions in complexity
Authors: Madgwick Philip G 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe chapter broadens the attribution of maladaptation to more general traits, arguing that the evolution of complexity increases the risk of maladaptation because major evolutionary transitions use genes in the building blocks of new individualities, despite those genes retaining their evolutionary potential. The widely accepted view that biological complexity is adaptive is challenged on the basis that observable complexity is ambiguous, as an efficient result or an inefficient method. These alternatives are linked to individual- and gene-centred perspectives on evolution by natural selection. The major evolutionary transitions framework is identified as presenting an adaptive explanation of complexity, as contrasted against an alternative nonadaptive explanation. Despite an adaptive premise from the division of labour, the major evolutionary transitions are re-evaluated as a maladaptive explanation of complexity, drawing upon examples of different individualities including eukaryotic cells, multicellularity, and eusociality. Counterarguments from the competition of old and new individualities, the suppression of old individualities, and species selection are discussed. Ultimately, it is argued that complexity is likely to have adaptive and maladaptive elements.
Revisiting the design argument
Authors: Madgwick Philip G 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe chapter evaluates the impacts of the discovery of evolution by natural selection and the case for maladaptation on Paley’s design argument for the benevolent character of God, arguing that Paley’s design argument still remains tenable. Despite the narratives of many evolutionary biologists including Darwin, the claim that the discovery of evolution by natural selection demolished Paley’s design argument is shown to misunderstand his question. Paley’s natural theology is evaluated, discerning how a scientific solution to the problem of design is pre-emptively dismissed as an unrelated theory of secondary causation. The demolition claims of Darwin and other evolutionary biologists are shown to reduce to the problem of evil, and Paley’s response is presented through the lens of his empirical philosophy and utilitarian ethics. The theological question of design is restated in secular terms. The case for maladaptation poses a greater challenge to Paley’s natural theology. Again, Paley has a pre-emptive response resting on the balance of evidence; even with maladaptation providing some evidence for the malevolence of God, the case of overwhelming benevolence is appraised. Whilst Paley’s design argument remains robust, some aspects of his wider outlook that have become increasingly problematic are discussed, but these are shown to be peripheral to his design argument. Contrary to his wider theology, it is argued that Paley’s natural theology is a foundational philosophy that remains tenable because it is deistic.
A Work in Progress: Women's Status in the Plastic Surgery Workforce and Recommendations for Success
Authors: Benyamein Paige , Sheahan Lucy , Becker Miriam , Ewing Emily , Bajaj Anureet , Gallus Katerina , Gosman Amanda 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Only 20% of the current plastic surgery workforce is female, but since 2022 most matched applicants in integrated plastic surgery programs have been women. The aim of this study was to examine current practice models among female plastic surgeons, including those outside of academia, as the field continues to evolve. In this study we surveyed female plastic surgeons in different practice models to elicit perspectives, career path advice, characterize and project trends, and provide recommendations for success. A 37-question survey focusing on demographics, practice models, career paths, desire for practice changes, and advice for women trainees was emailed to 1342 members of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons and The Aesthetic Society. Chi square analyses compared practice type characteristics (academia, employed roles, private practice), at a significance level of .05. Response rate was 53%. Most respondents were age 35-45, in solo practice, trained in traditional pathways, without fellowships, and lacked female mentors. Private practice surgeons were very satisfied in their career, employed surgeons were moderately satisfied, and academic surgeons were mildly satisfied. Academic surgeons reported a higher number of working hours (&gt;60) and cases per month (20-30) than employed or private practice surgeons. Recommendations for success included seeking female mentorship and enhancing business skills and building a social media platform during training. Results highlight the importance of female mentorship and acquiring business skills, and indicate private practice leads to greater career satisfaction. Training programs should consider accounting for these factors to better promote women's success and improve equity in academic practice.
Artificial intelligence classifies primary progressive aphasia from connected speech
Authors: Rezaii Neguine , Hochberg Daisy , Quimby Megan , Wong Bonnie , Brickhouse Michael , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Dickerson Bradford C , Wolff Phillip 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Neurodegenerative dementia syndromes, such as primary progressive aphasias (PPA), have traditionally been diagnosed based, in part, on verbal and non-verbal cognitive profiles. Debate continues about whether PPA is best divided into three variants and regarding the most distinctive linguistic features for classifying PPA variants.
In this cross-sectional study, we initially harnessed the capabilities of artificial intelligence and natural language processing to perform unsupervised classification of short, connected speech samples from 78 pateints with PPA. We then used natural language processing to identify linguistic features that best dissociate the three PPA variants.
Large language models discerned three distinct PPA clusters, with 88.5% agreement with independent clinical diagnoses. Patterns of cortical atrophy of three data-driven clusters corresponded to the localization in the clinical diagnostic criteria. In the subsequent supervised classification, 17 distinctive features emerged, including the observation that separating verbs into high- and low-frequency types significantly improved classification accuracy. Using these linguistic features derived from the analysis of short, connected speech samples, we developed a classifier that achieved 97.9% accuracy in classifying the four groups (three PPA variants and healthy controls).
The data-driven section of this study showcases the ability of large language models to find natural partitioning in the speech of patients with PPA consistent with conventional variants. In addition, the work identifies a robust set of language features indicative of each PPA variant, emphasizing the significance of dividing verbs into high- and low-frequency categories. Beyond improving diagnostic accuracy, these findings enhance our understanding of the neurobiology of language processing.
Implementability: a taxonomy of community development approaches
Authors: Higgins Geoff , Muurlink Olav , Caffery Lisa , Taylor Wallace 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The selection of a community development approach often occurs in an information vacuum, rather than through an evidence-driven alignment with local needs. This study seeks to provide a guide to communities and community development practitioners choosing an approach that is relevant and implementable. The guidance results from a conceptual review of sources describing thirty-three distinct approaches to community development, drawing on an exhaustive scholarly and grey literature search. Five common components (factors relevant when choosing or implementing a community development approach) were identified in the thirty-three community development approaches. From these, three components are especially relevant to communities and community development practitioners: principles that underpin the work; conditions to be met to proceed or succeed; and processes that describe ‘how to’ do the work. The analysis reveals that one approach, Systems Practice, combines all three components, and suggests that more research is required into the relative merit of each component, and to see whether communities are, in practice, combining and hybridizing approaches. The results are presented as a taxonomy to offer broad guidance to community development practitioners, scholars, and policy writers seeking to distinguish between the multiplicity of approaches.
Projecting the Potential Clinical and Economic Impact of HIV Prevention Resource Reallocation in Tennessee
Authors: Borre Ethan D , Ahonkhai Aima A , Chi Kyu-young Kevin , Osman Amna , Thayer Krista , Person Anna K , Weddle Andrea , Flanagan Clare F , Pettit April C , Closs David , Cotton Mia , Agwu Allison L , Cespedes Michelle S , Ciaranello Andrea L , Gonsalves Gregg , Hyle Emily P , Paltiel A David , Freedberg Kenneth A , Neilan Anne M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
In 2023, Tennessee replaced $6.2 M in US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention funding with state funds to redirect support away from men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women (TGW), and heterosexual Black women (HSBW) and to prioritize instead first responders (FR), pregnant people (PP), and survivors of sex trafficking (SST).

Methods
We used a simulation model of HIV disease to compare the clinical impact of Current, the present allocation of condoms, preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and HIV testing to CDC priority risk groups (MSM/TGW/HSBW); with Reallocation, funding instead increased HIV testing and linkage of Tennessee-determined priority populations (FR/PP/SST). Key model inputs included baseline condom use (45%–49%), PrEP provision (0.1%–8%), HIV testing frequency (every 2.5–4.8 years), and 30-day HIV care linkage (57%–65%). We assumed Reallocation would reduce condom use (−4%), PrEP provision (−26%), and HIV testing (−47%) in MSM/TGW/HSBW, whereas it would increase HIV testing among FR (+47%) and HIV care linkage (to 100%/90%) among PP/SST.

Results
Reallocation would lead to 166 additional HIV transmissions, 190 additional deaths, and 843 life-years lost over 10 years. HIV testing reductions were most influential in sensitivity analysis; even a 24% reduction would result in 287 more deaths compared to Current. With pessimistic assumptions, we projected 1359 additional HIV transmissions, 712 additional deaths, and 2778 life-years lost over 10 years.

Conclusions
Redirecting HIV prevention funding in Tennessee would greatly harm CDC priority populations while conferring minimal benefits to new priority populations.
Automated titanium fastener for surgical aortic valve replacement—preventive role for infective endocarditis?
Authors: Kahrovic Amila , Herkner Harald , Angleitner Philipp , Werner Paul , Kocher Alfred , Ehrlich Marek , Wiedemann Dominik , Laufer Guenther , Simon Paul , Andreas Martin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Evidence on long-term clinical outcomes considering suture-securing techniques used for surgical aortic valve replacement is still uncertain.

METHODS
A total of 1405 patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement between January 2016 and December 2022 were included and grouped according to the suture-securing technique used (automated titanium fastener versus hand-tied knots). The occurrence of infective endocarditis during follow-up was set as the primary study end-point. As secondary study end-points, stroke, all-cause mortality and a composite outcome of either infective endocarditis, stroke, or all-cause mortality were assessed.

RESULTS
The automated titanium fastener was used in 829 (59%) patients, whereas the hand-knot tying technique was used in 576 (41%) patients. The multivariable proportional competing risk regression analysis showed a significantly lower risk of infective endocarditis during follow-up in the automated titanium fastener group (adjusted sub-hazard ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.20–0.94, P = 0.035). The automated titanium fastener group was not associated with an increased risk of mortality or attaining the composite outcome, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.60–1.09, P = 0.169; adjusted hazard ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.63–1.07, P = 0.152). This group was not associated with an increased risk of stroke (adjusted sub-hazard ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.47–1.45, P = 0.504). Also, a significantly lower rate of early-onset infective endocarditis was observed in the automated titanium fastener group, (0.4% vs 1.4%, P = 0.032).

CONCLUSIONS
Suture-securing with an automated titanium fastener device appears to be superior compared to the hand-knot tying technique in terms of lower risk of infective endocarditis.
Liver fibrosis detected by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and its functional correlates in Fontan patients
Authors: Lu Chun-Wei , Wu Chih-Horng , Huang Miao-Tzu , Lee Chee-Seng , Chen Huey-Ling , Lin Ming-Tai , Chiu Shuenn-Nan , Tseng Wei-Chieh , Chen Chun-An , Wang Jou-Kou , Wu Mei-Hwan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The evaluation of Fontan-associated liver disease is often challenging. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging can detect hepatic fibrosis from capillary perfusion and diffusion abnormalities from extracellular matrix accumulation. This study investigated its role in the evaluation of liver disease in Fontan patients and explored possible diagnostic methods for early detection of advanced liver fibrosis.

METHODS
Stable adult Fontan patients who could safely be examined with magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled, and blood biomarkers, transient elastography were also examined.

RESULTS
Forty-six patients received diffusion-weighted imaging; and 58.7% were diagnosed with advanced liver fibrosis (severe liver fibrosis, 37.0%, and cirrhosis 21.7%). Two parameters of hepatic dysfunction, platelet counts (Spearman’s ρ: –0.456, P = 0.001) and cholesterol levels (Spearman’s ρ: –0.383, P = 0.009), decreased with increasing severity of fibrosis. Using transient elastography, a cut-off value of 14.2 kPa predicted the presence of advanced liver fibrosis, but with a low positive predictive value. When we included platelet count, cholesterol, post-Fontan years and transient elastography values as a composite, the capability of predicting advanced liver fibrosis was the most satisfactory (C statistic 0.817 ± 0.071, P &lt; 0.001). A cut-off value of 5.0 revealed a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 82%.

CONCLUSIONS
In Fontan patients, diffusion-weighted imaging was helpful in detecting liver fibrosis that was correlated with hepatic dysfunction. A simple score was proposed for long-term surveillance and early detection of advanced liver disease in adult Fontan patients. For adult Fontan patients with a calculated score &gt; 5.0, we may consider timely diffusion-weight imaging and early management for liver complications.
Molecular Dating of the Teleost Whole Genome Duplication (3R) Is Compatible With the Expectations of Delayed Rediploidization
Authors: Qi Minbo , Clark James , Moody Edmund R R , Pisani Davide , Donoghue Philip C J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Vertebrate evolution has been punctuated by three whole genome duplication events that have been implicated causally in phenotypic evolution, from the origin of phenotypic novelties to explosive diversification. Arguably, the most dramatic of these is the 3R whole genome duplication event associated with the origin of teleost fishes which comprise more than half of all living vertebrate species. However, tests of a causal relationship between whole genome duplication and teleost diversification have proven difficult due to the challenge of establishing the timing of these phenomena. Here we show, based on molecular clock dating of concatenated gene alignments, that the 3R whole genome duplication event occurred in the early–middle Permian (286.18 to 267.20 million years ago; Ma), 52.02 to 12.84 million years (Myr) before the divergence of crown-teleosts in the latest Permian–earliest Late Triassic (254.36 to 234.16 Ma) and long before the major pulses of teleost diversification in Ostariophysi and Percomorpha (56.37 to 100.17 Myr and at least 139.24 to 183.29 Myr later, respectively). The extent of this temporal gap between putative cause and effect precludes 3R as a deterministic driver of teleost diversification. However, these age constraints remain compatible with the expectations of a prolonged rediploidization process following whole genome duplication which, through the effects of chromosome rearrangement and gene loss, remains a viable mechanism to explain the evolution of teleost novelties and diversification.
Re-appraisal of bronchus-first right upper lobectomy as an alternative routine procedure
Authors: Utsumi Takahiro , Hino Haruaki , Maru Natsumi , Matsui Hiroshi , Taniguchi Yohei , Saito Tomohito , Murakawa Tomohiro 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Postoperative air leakage is a major complication of lung resection, particularly right upper lobectomy. However, various surgical procedures can reduce postoperative complications and shorten the drainage period. The current study aimed to analyse the utility of bronchus-first right upper lobectomy as an alternative routine procedure.

METHODS
We retrospectively analysed the data of 225 (53.7%) patients who underwent bronchus-first right upper lobectomy and 194 (46.3%) patients who underwent the conventional bronchus-last right upper lobectomy at our institution from 2015 to 2022. In patients with incomplete fissures who underwent bronchus-first right upper lobectomy, the bronchus was dissected 1st, followed by the pulmonary artery and vein, and then, the interlobar fissure was divided. We compared the outcomes of 2 procedures and analysed the surgical utility of bronchus-first right upper lobectomy.

RESULTS
The surgical outcomes and postoperative morbidity comparing bronchus-first and bronchus-last procedure were as follows: median operation time (min) 103/126 (P &lt; 0.001), median bleeding amount (ml) 28/55 (P = 0.003), incomplete lobulation rate (%) 35.1/24.2 (P = 0.02), incidence of prolonged air leakage (%) 2.2/3.1 (P = 0.76) and rate of fellow surgeon’s operation (%) 28.0/4.6 (P &lt; 0.001). The procedure was associated with a decreased incidence of prolonged air leakage. The 4-year overall survival rates did not significantly differ between the 2 groups (P = 0.24).

CONCLUSIONS
Bronchus-first right upper lobectomy can prevent postoperative air leakage in patients with incomplete fissure. Additionally, as an alternative routine procedure, it is associated with a shorter surgical duration and a lower volume of blood loss regardless of interlobar fissure and operator’s experience.