bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Can SNGs in India Avoid Debt Crises?
Authors: Dwivedi Hari Krishna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter attempts to provide useable recommendations for policymakers at the central and state levels to ensure states’ fiscal health . These measures are both at the revenue front and the expenditure front. Some of the measures include improving collections from Goods and Services Tax (GST) through better compliance and expanding GST coverage in future by including commodities which are outside the purview of the GST; and increasing collections from state excise, stamp duty and registration fees, and motor vehicle taxes. Moreover, the states can consider steps to augment their non-tax revenues, strengthening the municipal finances, curtailing inefficient subsidies, reducing losses from state power distribution companies, their state-level public enterprises, and leverage innovative sources of revenue, all of which are discussed in detail in this chapter.
The Dispositional Account of Emotional Expression
Authors: Rowson Rebecca 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
I propose that accounts of emotional expression can be divided into primary and secondary quality accounts. Primary quality accounts of expression take behaviour to express emotion only if certain perceiver-independent facts about the behaviour or behaving subject obtain. I argue that views of this kind get the extension of expression wrong. I argue instead that behaviour expresses emotion just in case it is disposed to appear to express emotion to standard observers under standard conditions.
First FASEB conference in Africa—The 2023 FASEB conference on Imaging Cellular and Chromosome Dynamics held on August 27–30, 2023 in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Agbleke Michael , Shaban Haitham , Broker Thomas R. , Agbleke Andrews Akwasi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccess to scientific meetings and conferences is limited in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). Efforts are being implemented to rectify this issue through short workshops, seminars, and conferences. Sena Institute of Technology (SIT), a nonprofit research institute based in Ghana, is one such organization championing this initiative. Through a partnership with the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), SIT hosted the first FASEB conference in Africa from August 27–30, 2023 in Ghana. The 3‐day conference brought together scientists specialized in imaging, genetics, and cell biology from across the globe to discuss the theme “Imaging Cellular and Chromosome Dynamics.” The Ghanaian Ministry of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation (MESTI) and the Ghana Tourism Authority (GTA) provided local support to the meeting. At the end of the conference, participants recommended continuing engagement and the organization of more such meetings on the African continent.
Dyslexia Articles Unboxed: Analyzing Their Readability Level
Authors: Matsuura Yusuke , Jaeah Chung 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Dyslexia is characterized by difficulties with fluent word recognition, decoding, or spelling, and it has been linked to family history. Given the impact of dyslexia on broad academic activities and well-being, ensuring that information about dyslexia is accessible to affected children and their families is vital. This study aims to assess the readability levels of dyslexia-related websites, with the hypothesis that such websites should be written at an appropriate readability level to accommodate those who may also have reading challenges.

Methods:
This study analyzes the readability of 50 web articles on dyslexia using 6 readability formulas: Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog Score, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) Index, Coleman Liau Index, and Automated Readability Index. The search term “What is dyslexia” was used on Google. Each article was analyzed using the online calculation website WebFX. The readability goal for these websites was set at fifth grade, a level recommended for patients with reading challenges.

Results:
The study found that among the 50 websites, the lowest median readability score was 11.8 (corresponding to a 12th-grade level) on the SMOG Index, while the highest scores were 15.5 on both the Gunning Fog Score and the Coleman Liau Index (indicative of college-level readability). Almost none of the websites had scores below a fifth-grade level.

Conclusion:
Most websites related to dyslexia are too complex. Tools such as readability metrics and sentence restructuring by AI can help make the information more accessible and understandable to the stakeholders.
Patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy and dependency in activities of daily living during hospitalization—descriptive and correlational study
Authors: Sousa Salomé Sobral , Andrade Maria João , Fernandes Carla Sílvia , Barbeiro Sara Rodrigues , Taveira Vanessa , Martins Maria Manuela Martins 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Aim:
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) causes progressive spinal cord compression and consequent functional decline. Surgical decompression is considered effective in halting disease progression, producing improvements in neurological prognosis. During hospitalization, several conditions may alter these patients' dependency levels. This study aimed to describe patients with CSM and their evolution regarding dependence in activities of daily living (ADL), from hospital admission to discharge.

Methods and Materials:
Descriptive and correlational study based on document analysis.

Results:
Included 96 files of patients with CSM who were admitted to Neurosurgery Department. The sample was 58.3% men, with a mean age of 64.4 years. Of the participants, 96.9% had surgery, mainly an anterior cervical approach. Hygiene was the ADL involving most dependence, both at admission (39.6%) and at discharge (71.9%). Worsening of dependence levels in ADLs was found at the midterm evaluation (mean 13.34; SD 5.59) and at discharge (mean 11.59; SD 5.28) in relation to the functional condition at admission (mean 9.77; SD 6.06). Gender was not associated with any differences, but age and days of hospitalization were associated with variations in participants' dependency levels (P<.05).

Conclusion:
The level of dependence on ADLs increased during the hospitalization of patients with CSM.
Development and validation of a clinical decision tool for preoperative micropapillary and solid pattern lung adenocarcinoma of CT ≤2 cm
Authors: Gao Zhen , Liu Shang , Xiao Han , Li Meng , Ren Wan-gang , Fen Zhen , Xu Lin , Peng Zhong-min 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Micropapillary (MP) and solid (S) pattern adenocarcinoma are highly malignant subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma. In today’s era of increasingly conservative surgery for small lung cancer, effective preoperative identification of these subtypes is greatly important for surgical planning and the long-term survival of patients.

Methods:
For this retrospective study, the presence of MP and/or S was evaluated in 2167 consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection for clinical stage IA1-2 lung adenocarcinoma. MP and/or S pattern-positive patients and negative-pattern patients were matched at a ratio of 1:3. The Lasso regression model was used for data dimension reduction and imaging signature building. Multivariate logistic regression was used to establish the predictive model, presented as an imaging nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was assessed based on calibration, identification, and clinical usefulness, and internal and external validation of the model was conducted.

Results:
The proportion of solid components (PSC), Sphericity, entropy, Shape, bronchial honeycomb, nodule shape, sex, and smoking were independent factors in the prediction model of MP and/or S lung adenocarcinoma. The model showed good discrimination with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85. DCA demonstrated that the model could achieve good benefits for patients. Restricted cubic spline analysis suggested a significant increase in the proportion of MP and/or S from 11 to 48% when the PSC value was 68%.

Conclusion:
Small MP and/or S adenocarcinoma can be effectively identified preoperatively by their typical three-dimensional and 2D imaging features.
Economic Analysis of Cochlear Implants in Adults With Bilateral Severe-to-Profound Hearing Loss. A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Tena-García Beatriz , Barrientos-Trigo Sergio , Escudero-Carretero María José , Sánchez-Gómez Serafín 
Published: June 2024

Objective
To determine the cost-effectiveness or cost-utility of cochlear implants (CI) in adults with severe to profound bilateral hearing loss.

Databases Reviewed
PubMed (Medline), The Cochrane Library, Embase via Elsevier, EBSCOhost CINAHL, and Scopus.

Methods
The study included adult participants with severe to profound bilateral neurosensory hearing loss. The analysis encompassed quality of life improvements, costs, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, cost-benefit, quality-adjusted life year (QALY), incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), and incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR). Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case series, and prospective or retrospective cohort studies published in English between 2010 and 2023 were retrieved. Exclusion criteria included incomplete studies, abstracts, clinical cases, editorials, letters, studies involving pediatric populations, single-side deafness, methodology research, noneconomic aspects of CI, mixed child and adult data, and studies published before 2010. The risk of bias was assessed following the criteria outlined in Appendix I of the economic evaluation's quality assessment as per the NICE Guideline Development Method.

Results
Ten articles met the criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. One study conducted a prospective cost-utility analyses, one carried out a cost-benefit analyses, one was a randomized controlled clinical trial focusing on cost-utility, and another was a clinical trial addressing cost-effectiveness. Six studies employed Markov models, and one study utilized uniquely the Monte Carlo method. None quantified the economic impact of improved hearing on cognitive function.

Conclusions
The heterogeneity of sources impacted data quality. Unilateral and sequential bilateral CI appeared to be cost-effective when compared with bilateral hearing aids or nontechnological support. When properly indicated, simultaneous bilateral CIs are cost-effective compared to no interventions and to unilateral cochlear implantation through differential discounting or variations from the base cases, especially with a life expectancy of 5–10 years or longer.
Higher inpatient mortality following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Movahed Mohammad Reza , Aghdasi Sina , Shanmugasundaram Madhan , Hashemzadeh Mehrtash 
Published: June 2024

Background
Advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD) is common in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and is associated with adverse outcomes. These patients are often excluded from revascularization studies. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of ACKD in patients undergoing PCI.

Methods
We analyzed the national inpatient sample database to compare the inpatient mortality rate for ACKD patients [chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 and above] who underwent PCI between 2006 and 2011 to patients without ACKD. Specific ICD-9 CM codes were used to identify these patients.

Results
A total of 1 826 536 PCIs were performed during the study period, of which 113 018 (6.2%) were patients with advanced CKD. The age-adjusted inpatient mortality rates were significantly higher in the ACKD group in all years studied compared to the no CKD group. For the first year studied in 2006, the age-adjusted mortality rate for patients undergoing PCI was 149 per 100 000 vs. 48 per 100 000 in patients without ACKD (P < 0001). In the last year studied in 2011, age-adjusted mortality was 124.1 per 100 000 vs. 40.4 per 100 000 in patients with no ACKD, (P < 0.0001). The presence of ACKD remained independently associated with higher mortality despite multivariate adjustment (odds ratio: 1.32, confidence interval: 1.27–1.36, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
ACKD is independently associated with higher mortality in patients undergoing PCI. Therefore, PCI in these patients should be performed with more caution.
Cultural adaptation and validation in Italian of the Seated Postural Control Measure for Adults 2.0
Authors: Berardi Anna , Simeon Rachele , Ricciardi Maria , Tofani Marco , Lucia Barbara , Aghilarre Federica , Gagnon Brigitte , Giuliani Silvia , Galeoto Giovanni 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess the cultural adaptation and validation in Italian of the Seated Postural Control Measure for Adults 2.0 (SPCMA 2.0).

Methods:
The original scale was translated and culturally adapted from French to Italian using the “Translation and Cultural Adaptation of Patient Reported Outcomes Measures—Principles of Good Practice” guidelines. Its internal consistency and test-retest reliability were examined. Its concurrent validity was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients with the Italian version of the Wheelchair use Confidence Scale and Wheelchair Skills Test 4.2.

Results:
Fifty-nine people were evaluated and re-evaluated after 48 h. Most of the items and subscale totals were stable in the 2 evaluations as they reported an intraclass correlation coefficient value of >0.77. The test-retest analysis of the dynamic evaluation was performed on the same patients 48 h apart. The analysis for construct validity showed statistically significant correlations with Wheelchair use Confidence Scale and Wheelchair Skills Test 4.2.

Conclusions:
Seated Postural Control Measure for Adults 2.0 is one of the few tools that allow researchers to perform a quantitative and standardized posture assessment in a cost-effective and time-saving way. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that it is an easy-to-administer scale and requires readily available tools. The limitations of this study highlighted above and the need to use quantitative and qualitative tools in clinical practice imply the need to conduct future studies.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Resident Indigent Care Clinic Optimization by Improving “No-Show” Rates
Authors: Bilezikian Jordan A. , Kimmel Robert M. , Thurston Todd E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Absenteeism among clinical patients is a significant source of inefficiency in the modern American health care system. Routine absenteeism limits access to care for indigent patients, thus providing additional strain on the health care system and timely administration of care.
This quality improvement project set out to quantify, understand, and potentially reduce patient absenteeism in our weekly plastic and reconstructive surgery resident indigent care clinic. One year prior to our study was retrospectively reviewed to determine a baseline rate of absenteeism (no shows). The daily and monthly no-show percentages were calculated. Then, three consecutive 2-month Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) cycles were performed and data were recorded.
The initial year analysis demonstrated an average no-show rate of 25%. The first PDSA cycle attempted to ascertain factors contributing to absenteeism and to get patients rescheduled. The rate of clinical absenteeism was 27% over this period compared with a rate of 18% in the control period. During this period, we discovered a limitation of our institution's electronic medical record (EMR). Rescheduled patients were removed from the original schedule and were not counted as a missed appointment even though the opportunity for care was missed. The second PDSA cycle attempted to collect raw data while trying to understand the EMR error and rescheduling process. During this period, there was a 33% no-show rate compared with 27% in the control period. The third PDSA cycle attempted again to establish factors contributing to clinical absenteeism with a better understanding of the limitations of our EMR. A 33% no-show rate during this cycle was recorded compared with 22% in the control period. After three PDSA cycles were completed, our clinic had an average no-show rate of 31% compared with 25% during the same months in the previous year.
This project brought to realization that our data were initially skewed by our ignorance of an EMR flaw that did not track patients who either canceled or rescheduled their appointments. We also learned that there is a certain subset of patients who are not able to be contacted and who do not follow up.
The Scratch-Collapse Test
Authors: Jain Nirbhay S. , Miller Amanda , Barr Meaghan L. , Gajewski Christopher R. , Pflibsen Lacey , Azari Kodi K. , Benhaim Prosper 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Carpal tunnel syndrome is commonly managed by hand and upper extremity surgeons. Though electrodiagnostics are considered the gold standard diagnosis, the scratch collapse test (SCT) was introduced to address uncertainty, despite remains controversial. To address this, we sought to identify if the SCT can correlate with EDS studies if the SCT can identify actual changes in measures of nerves.

Methods
We reviewed patients who underwent electrodiagnostic studies (EDX) and SCT for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Demographic data as well as sensorimotor amplitudes, latencies, and velocities on nerve conduction and electromyography were collected. Analogous values based on SCT findings were analyzed for statistical significance.

Results
Three hundred fifty patients with CTS were included. Sensory and motor velocities and amplitudes were significantly lower in patients with a positive SCT. Motor values were independent of age, though younger patients had larger measured changes. Obese patients did not show any motor EDX changes with the scratch collapse test, though thinner patients did. All changes were seen in nerve conduction only.

Conclusions
Carpal tunnel can be a difficult problem to diagnose as one study does not singularly determine the condition. The SCT was introduced to facilitate easier diagnosis. We demonstrate that the SCT correlates with changes on nerve conduction studies, especially in relation to decreased amplitudes and velocities, suggesting that it does identify changes in nerve with compression, specifically axonal, and myelin damage. These findings support the use of the SCT maneuver to evaluate and diagnose in appropriate patients.
Combinatorial engineering reveals shikimate pathway bottlenecks in para-aminobenzoic acid production inPseudomonas putida
Authors: Campos-Magaña Marco A , Moreno-Paz Sara , Martins dos Santos Vitor AP , Garcia-Morales Luis , Suarez-Diez Maria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCombinatorial approaches in metabolic engineering enable the optimization of multigene pathways, thereby improving product titers. However, the optimization of complex metabolic pathways is hindered by their multiple interactions. Testing all possible combinations of suitable genetic parts is often prevented by the large number of possible variants. A valuable alternative to this is to use statistical design of experiments and linear modeling to collect important information for optimization without testing every possible combination. The shikimate pathway is an example of a complex metabolic pathway involved in the production of aromatic compounds, which are prevalent in industry. In this study, we explore the impact of the modulation of the expression levels of all the genes in the shikimate and para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) biosynthesis pathways for pABA production (a widely used industrial intermediate) inPseudomonas putida. We used this approach to select 14 representative strains from a total of 512 possible combinations. We obtained a range of product titers from 2 to 186.2 mg/l. This information was used to guide a second round of strain construction to further increase the production to 232.1 mg/l. Using this strategy, we demonstrate thataroBexpression, encoding 3-dehydroquinate synthase, is a significant limiting factor in the production of pABA.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Posterior Parietal Cortex Increases Non-target Retrieval during Visual Working Memory
Authors: Ye Shengfeng , Wu Menglin , Yao Congyun , Xue Gui , Cai Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccurate visual working memory (VWM) requires precise content-context binding. Previous studies have revealed a close relationship between the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and feature binding during VWM, this study further examined their causal relationship through three transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) experiments. In Experiment 1 (N= 57), participants underwent three sessions of tDCS separately, including PPC stimulation, occipital cortex stimulation, and sham stimulation, and completed a series of delayed estimation tasks for orientations before and after stimulation. Results showed that tDCS over PPC selectively prolonged recall response time (RT) and increased the probability of non-target responses (a.k.a. failure of feature binding). In Experiment 2 (N= 29), combining metacognition estimation during the task, we further investigated whether the effects of PPC stimulation on RT and increased probability of non-target responses were attributed to more mis-binding (i.e., participants self-reported "remembered" in non-target responses) or informed guessing (participants self-reported "forgotten" in non-target responses). We replicated the main findings in Experiment 1, and we also observed greater tDCS effects of PPC on RT in informed guessing trials than mis-binding trials while comparable effects on non-target response rates in these two types of trials. In Experiment 3 (N= 28), we then examined whether the effects of tDCS over PPC specifically influenced the memory retrieval process by using a change detection task. We found that PPC stimulation did not influence the recognition RT or accuracy. Together, this study provides causal evidence supporting the involvement of PPC in feature binding during VWM retrieval.Significance StatementVisual working memory (VWM) enables humans to temporarily store and process visual information, which requires accurate binding of items to their unique context. Accumulating studies posited that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is closely related to this binding process, the current study further examined their causal relationship. Through three strictly within-subject well-designed non-invasive neural stimulation experiments, we found that PPC stimulation selectively increased response time (RT) and binding error during VWM. Moreover, we found these changes were modulated by individual metacognition and only occurred during memory recall instead of recognition. Together, our results provided strong evidence that PPC is causally involved in the binding process during visual working memory retrieval.