bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological versus technical variability in 2‐D DIGE experiments with environmental bacteria
Authors: Zech Hajo , Echtermeyer Christoph , Wöhlbrand Lars , Blasius Bernd , Rabus Ralf 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTwo‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2‐D DIGE) allows for reliable quantification of global protein abundance changes. The threshold of significance for protein abundance changes depends on the experimental variation (biological and technical). This study estimates biological, technical and total variation inherent to 2‐D DIGE analysis of environmental bacteria, using the model organisms “Aromatoleum aromaticum” EbN1 and Phaeobacter gallaeciensis DSM 17395. Of both bacteria the soluble proteomes were analyzed from replicate cultures. For strains EbN1 and DSM 17395, respectively, CV revealed a total variation of below 19 and 15%, an average technical variation of 12 and 7%, and an average biological variation of 18 and 17%. Multivariate analysis of variance confirmed domination of biological over technical variance to be significant in most cases. To visualize variances, the complex protein data have been plotted with a multidimensional scaling technique. Furthermore, comparison of different treatment groups (different substrate conditions) demonstrated that variability within groups is significantly smaller than differences caused by treatment.
Proteome reference map of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and quantitative proteomics towards understanding the prebiotic action of lactitol
Authors: Majumder Avishek , Sultan Abida , Jersie‐Christensen Rosa R. , Ejby Morten , Schmidt Bjarne Gregers , Lahtinen Sampo J. , Jacobsen Susanne , Svensson Birte 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a probiotic bacterium adapted to survive in the gastrointestinal tract and with potential health benefits to the host. Lactitol is a synthetic sugar alcohol used as a sugar replacement in low calorie foods and selectively stimulating growth of L. acidophilus NCFM. In the present study the whole‐cell extract proteome of L. acidophilus NCFM grown on glucose until late exponential phase was resolved by 2‐DE (pH 3–7). A total of 275 unique proteins assigned to various physiological processes were identified from 650 spots. Differential 2‐DE (DIGE) (pH 4–7) of L. acidophilus NCFM grown on glucose and lactitol, revealed 68 spots with modified relative intensity. Thirty‐two unique proteins were identified in 41 of these spots changing 1.6–12.7‐fold in relative abundance by adaptation of L. acidophilus NCFM to growth on lactitol. These proteins included β‐galactosidase small subunit, galactokinase, galactose‐1‐phosphate uridylyltransferase and UDP‐glucose‐4‐epimerase, which all are potentially involved in lactitol metabolism. This first comprehensive proteome analysis of L. acidophilus NCFM provides insights into protein abundance changes elicited by the prebiotic lactitol.
Modification of ultra‐high‐molecular weight polyethylene by various fluorinating routes
Authors: Kharitonov Alexander P. , Simbirtseva Galina V. , Bouznik Vyacheslav M. , Chepezubov Maxim G. , Dubois Marc , Guérin Katia , Hamwi Andre , Kharbache Hayat , Masin Francis 
Published: June 2011

AbstractChemical–physical properties of ultra‐high‐molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) treated by direct fluorination, direct fluorination accompanied with UV irradiation, by XeF2 and by TbF4, were tested by FTIR spectroscopy, visible spectroscopy, 19F and 13C NMR, scanning electron microscopy, XRD, and EPR. Surface energy measurements were carried out. The direct fluorination of UHMWPE is a diffusion‐controlled process, but treatment with XeF2 is a kinetically controlled one. Direct fluorination and direct fluorination accompanied with UV irradiation results mainly in a formation of CF2 groups. On the contrary, CHF groups are prevailing in UHMWPE treated with XeF2 and TbF4. Surface texture of UHMWPE treated with XeF2 and with F2 is quite different. Direct fluorination results in a higher polarity of the polymer surface when compared with treatment with XeF2. For the case of direct fluorination, both long‐lived peroxy and fluoroalkylradicals are formed. For the case of treatment with XeF2, only fluoroalkylradicals were detected. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 49:3559–3573, 2011
Preparation and properties of ionic‐liquid‐containing poly(ethylene glycol)‐based networked polymer films having lithium salt structures
Authors: Matsumoto Kozo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIonic‐liquid‐containing polymer films were prepared by swelling poly(ethylene glycol)‐based networked polymers having lithium salt structures with an ionic liquid, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (EMImFSI), or with an EMImFSI solution of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI). Their fundamental physical properties were investigated. The networked polymer films having lithium salt structures were prepared by curing a mixture of poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether and lithium 3‐glycidyloxypropanesulfonate or lithium 3‐(glycidyloxypropanesulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide with poly(ethylene glycol) bis(3‐aminopropyl) terminated. The obtained ionic‐liquid‐containing films were flexible and self‐standing. They showed high ionic conductivity at room temperature, 1.16–2.09 S/m for samples without LiTFSI and 0.29–0.43 S/m for those with 10 wt % LiTFSI. Their thermal decomposition temperature was above 220 °C, and melting temperature of the ionic liquid incorporated in the film was around −16 °C. They exhibited high safety due to good nonflammability of the ionic liquid. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Well‐defined succinylated chitosan‐O‐poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate) for pH‐reversible shielding of cationic nanocarriers
Authors: Kang Chengjun , Yu Lin , Cai Guoqiang , Wang Liqun , Jiang Hongliang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA novel type of well‐defined graft copolymer, succinylated chitosan‐O‐poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate) (SC‐POEGMA), was developed for pH‐reversible poly(ethylene glyocol) (PEG) shielding of cationic nanocarriers. Chitosan‐O‐POEGMA (CS‐POEGMA) was first synthesized via single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization of oligo(ethylene glyol) methacrylate (OEGMA) using O‐brominated chitosan (CS‐Br) as a macromolecular initiator and Cu(I)Br/1,1,4,7,10,10‐hexamethyltriethylenetetramine as a catalyst. The subsequent succinylation of the chitosan backbone gave the titled copolymers. The content of POEGMA in CS‐POEGMA could be widely modulated by varying the degree of bromination and feed ratio of OEGMA to CS‐Br, without compromising the amino density of chitosan backbone. The hierarchical assembly between SC‐POEGMA and trimethylated chitosan‐O‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (TMC‐PCL) micelles was further studied. At pH 7.4, the stoichiometric interactions between SC and TMC segments to form polyampholyte–polyelectrolyte complexes led to the formation of PEG‐shielded micelles. The hierarchially assembled micelles could be disassembled into the pristine TMC‐PCL micelles, when the medium pH was below a certain pH (pHφ). By varying the degree of succinylation of SC‐POEGMA, the pHφ value could be facilely modulated from 6.5 to 3.5 to meet the needs for specific biomedical applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of copolymers based on benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene and thiophene with electron‐withdrawing side chains
Authors: Nie Yujuan , Zhao Bin , Tang Peng , Jiang Peng , Tian Zongfang , Shen Ping , Tan Songting 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSix alternating conjugated copolymers (PL1–PL6) of benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) and thiophene, containing electron‐withdrawing oxadiazole (OXD), ester, or alkyl as side chains, were synthesized by Stille coupling reaction. The structures of the polymers were confirmed, and their thermal, optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties were investigated. The introduction of conjugated electron‐withdrawing OXD or formate ester side chain benefits to decrease the bandgaps of the polymers and improve the photovoltaic performance due to the low steric hindrance of BDT. Bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated based on the blend of the as‐synthesized polymers and the fullerene derivative [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) in a 1:2 weight ratio. The maximum power conversion efficiency of 2.06% was obtained for PL5‐based PSC under the illumination of AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm2. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Combined techniques for the characterization of linear–hyperbranched hybrid poly(butylene adipate) copolymers
Authors: Samperi Filippo , Battiato Salvatore , Puglisi Concetto , Scamporrino Andrea , Ambrogi Veronica , Ascione Laura , Carfagna Cosimo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLinear–hyperbranched hybrid poly(butylene adipate) (HPBA) copolymers were synthesized through a branching reaction between the linear tailored prepolymer terminated with methyl ester groups and different mol percents of the 1,1,1‐tris(hydroxymethyl) propane (TMP) as branching agent, using the titanium(IV) isopropoxide as catalyst, at 180 °C under vacuum for different times. All samples were characterized by NMR and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). In particular, MALDI‐TOF mass spectra of the unfractionated and size exclusion chromatography (SEC)‐fractionated hyperbranched (HB) samples gave information on their composition, on the end groups as well as on the TMP units present in each family of HB macromolecules. HB chains containing cyclic branches and ether bonds formed by intermolecular transesterification and intramolecular and intermolecular transetherification side reactions, respectively, were also revealed by MALDI‐TOF MS analysis. All samples were also investigated by SEC. The average molar masses (MMs) evaluated by SEC calibrated with the polystyrene (PS) narrow standards were overestimated with respect to those calculated by the SEC/MALDI‐TOF MS self‐ calibration method, which gave reliable values. Moreover, it also showed that the hydrodynamic volume of the HPBA polymers was higher than that of the linear PSs with similar MMs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Ring‐opening polymerization of 1,3‐benzoxazines by p‐toluenesulfonates as thermally latent initiators
Authors: Sudo Atsushi , Yamashita Hiroshi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: June 2011

Abstractp‐Toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) and several alkyl p‐toluenesulfonates, that is, methyl p‐toluenesulfonate (TsOMe), cyclohexyl p‐toluenesulfonate (TsOCH), and neopentyl p‐toluenesulfonate (TsONP), were evaluated as initiators for the ring‐opening polymerization of benzoxazines. TsOH and TsOMe were highly efficient initiators that induced the polymerization at 60 and 80 °C, respectively. In contrast, TsOCH and TsONP did not initiate the polymerization below 100 °C, while they induced the polymerization at elevated temperatures, 120 and 150 °C, respectively. When TsOCH was used as an initiator, the corresponding polymerization rate was comparable to that observed for the polymerization with using TsOH as an initiator. These results suggested that neutral TsOCH and TsONP can be regarded as “thermally latent initiators,” which underwent the thermal dissociation at the elevated temperatures to generate the corresponding alkyl cations and/or TsOH as the initiators of the polymerization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Triphenylamine‐based polyimides with trimethyl substituents for gas separation membrane and electrochromic applications
Authors: Yen Hung‐ju , Guo Shiue‐ming , Yeh Jui‐ming , Liou Guey‐Sheng 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTwo series of polyimides I–II with methyl‐substituted triphenylamine units were prepared from the diamines, 4,4′‐diamino‐2″,4″,6″‐trimethyltriphenylamine (Me3TPA‐diamine; 1) and 4,4′‐diamino‐4″‐methyltriphenylamine (MeTPA‐diamine; 2), and two commercially available tetracarboxylic dianhydrides via a conventional two‐step chemical imidization. All the polymers were readily soluble in many polar solvents and showed useful levels of thermal stability associated with high glass transition temperatures (266–340 °C) and high char yields (higher than 49% at 800 °C in nitrogen). The polymer films showed reversible electrochemistry/electrochromism accompanied by a color change from neutral pale yellow to green oxidized form with good coloration efficiency, switching time, and stability. The CO2 permeability coefficients (PCO2) and permeability selectivity (PCO2/PCH4) for these polyimide membranes were in the range of 34.1–229.2 barrer and 21.3–28.9, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Method for rapid detection of the PvCesA3 gene allele conferring resistance to mandipropamid, a carboxylic acid amide fungicide, in Plasmopara viticola populations
Authors: Aoki Yoshinao , Furuya Seiichi , Suzuki Shunji 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The occurrence of carboxylic acid amide (CAA)‐fungicide‐resistant Plasmopara viticola populations is becoming a serious problem in the control of grapevine downy mildew worldwide.RESULTS: The authors have developed a method, which utilises PCR‐RFLP, for the rapid detection of resistance to the CAA fungicide mandipropamid in P. viticola populations. With this method, a glycine‐to‐serine substitution at codon 1105 of the cellulose synthase gene PvCesA3 of CAA‐fungicide‐resistant P. viticola was easily detected, although no resistant P. viticola was detected from 398 isolates in Japan.CONCLUSION: It is proposed that the PCR‐RFLP method is a reliable tool for the rapid detection of CAA‐fungicide‐resistant P. viticola isolates. Only 4 h was required from the sampling of symptoms to the phenotyping of fungicide resistance. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Structural characterization of CuInS2 thin films from Cu–In metal inks
Authors: Chen Guanbi , Wang Lei , Sheng Xia , Chang Lantao , Luo Yeping , Yang Deren 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe report the structural characterization of CuInS2 thin films based on Cu–In metal inks. CuInS2 films from the precursor films with different Cu/In ratios were sulfurized and investigated by SEM, XRD, Raman, and XPS. Morphological and compositional changes before and after etching of CuS impurity phase were also compared. By ex situ characterization of the CuInS2 films sulfurized at different temperatures, an established mechanism is proposed to explain the sulfurization process. The sulfurization is a diffusion‐limited process, in which the diffusion rate differences of Cu and In control the intermediate phases. Moreover, the Cu/In ratio and sulfurization temperature determine the morphological and structural qualities of the CuInS2 films.
Edge‐field effects on gate capacitance, threshold voltage and low‐field mobility in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
Authors: Kim Hyeongnam , Schuette Michael L. , Lu Wu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA methodologybased on output conductance model and pulsed current–voltage characteristics is presented for device parameter extraction in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. A quiescent bias of (VDSQ, VGS Q) = (0 V, 0 V) and 0.2 µs pule width with 2 ms separation are applied to ensure that all the pulsed measurementsare performed under trap‐free operation condition.The results show that HEMTs with a shorter gate length exhibit a more negative threshold voltage, a lower low‐field mobility, and a higher capacitance than the theoretical AlGaN barrier capacitance. This is because edge field effect becomes significant in a shorter gate together with a higher lateral field effect. By comparing the measured and theoretical capacitances of AlGaN barrier, effective gate lengths are also estimated for HEMTs with different gate lengths. It is suggested that our method including the edge‐field effect is an effective way for evaluating newly‐introduced growth/processing technologies and monitoring device processing (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Macroscopic response of Rabi oscillations in a quantum dot ensemble
Authors: Mitsutake S. , Kujiraoka M. , Ishi‐Hayase J. , Akahane K. , Yamamoto N. , Ema K. , Sasaki M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe numerically investigated optical Rabi oscillations of excitonic polarization in a quantum dot ensemble, taking into consideration the spatial distribution of both the excitation electric field and the coherent signal field. We show that the spatial distributions of the signal fields change drastically by increasing the pulse area for excitation pulses with a Gaussian spatial distribution. We found that the ensemble average of the signal intensity is affected by the size of the aperture located in front of the detector, depending on the spatial distribution of the signals on the detector. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
EPR investigations of non‐oxidized silicon nanoparticles from thermal pyrolysis of silane
Authors: Körmer Richard , Otto Michael , Wu Jia , Jank Michael P. M. , Frey Lothar , Peukert Wolfgang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigations of non‐oxidized crystalline silicon nanoparticles (SiNP) from thermal silane pyrolysis revealed that the dangling bond (db) concentration strongly depends on the synthesis temperature. For SiNP synthesized at 1000‐1200 °C and processed entirely in inert atmosphere, approximately 1013 cm‐2 dbs were found which is at least one order of magnitude higher than the values previously reported for oxidized SiNP. After the synthesis, the dbs can be quenched by the addition of bromine (Br2) that proves their location at the particle surface. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Morphology controlled open circuit voltage in polymer solar cells
Authors: Singh Chetan R. , Sommer Michael , Himmerlich Marcel , Wicklein André , Krischok Stefan , Thelakkat Mukundan , Hoppe Harald 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe report a strong dependence of open circuit voltage on the altered morphology of block copolymer (P3HT‐b ‐PPerAcr) based solar cells. The open circuit voltage increases dramatically by about 300 mV by increasing the amount of acceptor homopolymer within the block copolymer/homopolymer blends. The change in open circuit voltage is found to be in correlation with the enrichment of acceptor moiety at the film surface as identified by Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Based on this fact, an additional increase in open circuit voltage to its maximum values is achieved by introducing an acceptor buffer layer at the cathode interface. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Automated parameter specification in dynamic feedback models based on behavior pattern features
Authors: Yücel Gönenç , Barlas Yaman 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn various stages of a modeling study, the developer/user encounters the need for identification of specific values for certain model parameters. However, due to the non‐linear nature of these models it is generally hard to foresee changes in the dynamic behavior as a consequence of even marginal parameter changes. Thus, the need for an automated and efficient search approach is very clear. A behavior pattern‐based parameter search approach and results obtained from various test experiments are presented in this paper. The pattern identification algorithm used enables a parameter search process based on qualitative features of a desired behavior pattern, even in the absence of a reference data series. The approach conducts the search process so as to obtain values for the model parameters that yield an output that matches the desired behavior in terms of its qualitative pattern features. Experiments conducted reveal the viability of the approach as a support tool that can be used in model calibration, sensitivity analysis, validation, and policy design stages. Copyright © 2011 System Dynamics Society.
Pairing‐based strong designated verifier proxy signature scheme with low cost
Authors: Hsu Chien‐Lung , Lin Han‐Yu 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA proxy signature (PS) scheme has crucial benefits to the delegation operations in an organization. To further provide PS schemes with the property of confidentiality, in this paper, we propose a strong designated verifier PS scheme from pairings. The proposed scheme allows an authorized proxy signer to generate a valid PS on behalf of an original signer such that only the intended verifier is capable of validating it. Besides, the designated verifier cannot transfer the proof to convince any third party, which is referred to as non‐transferability. Compared with previous works, ours has lower computational costs. Especially, the delegation process of our proposed scheme is pairing free. Moreover, the security requirement of unforgeability against existential forgery under adaptive chosen‐message attacks is formally proven in the random oracle model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ATR‐FTIR Kretschmann spectroscopy for interfacial studies of a hidden aluminum surface coated with a silane film and epoxy II. Analysis by integrated ATR‐FTIR and EIS during exposure to electrolyte with complementary studies by in situ ATR‐FTIR and in situ IRRAS
Authors: Öhman Maria , Persson Dan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe destabilization of the interface between a polymer and a metal surface is of considerable interest in several application areas, including the ongoing research on environmentally friendly pretreatments as a replacement for the Cr(VI)‐containing systems where the understanding of mechanisms and performance of a confined metal/polymer interface is of utmost importance. Processes at hidden interfaces are, however, difficult to analyze in detail and at relevant climatic conditions. This study has been divided in two parts, where the subject of Part I is the surface characterization by ATR‐FTIR Kretschmann and IRRAS spectroscopy of aluminum coated with an amino‐functional silane, and the interfacial analysis by ATR‐FTIR Kretschmann after further application of an epoxy film. This second part describes the interaction between the coated sample and an electrolyte. The analysis is performed by integrated in situ ATR‐FTIR Kretschmann and EIS, which requires model systems with evaporated metal films on an internal reflection element. Complementary analyses were also conducted on substrates in the absence of the metal film, and or in the absence of an epoxy top‐coat, respectively. Changes in the interfacial region were observed and assigned to the water uptake including swelling of the epoxy, and the formation of aluminium oxidation and hydration products. Complementary studies allowed the distinction between water uptake in the silane film and the epoxy, respectively, as well as reformations of the siloxane network. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.