bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic seismic risk assessment of hall buildings in Turkey
Authors: Korkmaz Kasim Armagan , Ay Zeki , Sari Ali , Celik Ilyas Devran 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYSteel space framed hall buildings are dedicated as shelters for people suffering from earthquakes. In general construction, steel space frames are built on reinforced concrete (R/C) frames or wall structures above the bottom side. For this reason, the bottom side has higher rigidity comparing with the upper side. In Turkey, where there is a very high earthquake risk, earthquake‐resistant steel space framed structures is an important issue. In this current research, hall buildings in Turkey, involving two different rigidity parts as R/C and steel, are taken into consideration regarding earthquake effect. In this study, three different hall structures were modeled with different elastic moduli for the analysis part. Nonlinear time history analyses were applied with 25 different earthquake data for performance estimation. After the time history analyses, probabilistic seismic assessment was carried out for the model buildings through fragility analyses. For each model, analysis results were evaluated and compared. As a result, the hall buildings were found to be vulnerable to damage during expected future earthquakes. Moreover, elastic moduli have significant effect on the structural response. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrananokristalline Diamantschichten
Authors: Wöhrl Nicolas , Buck Volker 
Published: February 2011

AbstractInnovative Materialien sind die treibende Kraft für technologischen Fortschritt und damit für die internationale Konkurrenzfähigkeit der Industrie. Seit einiger Zeit wurde ein weiteres Arbeitsfeld zur Optimierung von Werkstoff‐Eigenschaften erschlossen: die Nanotechnologie. Besonderes Interesse gilt dabei selbstorganisiert nanostrukturierten Materialien. Ultrananokristalliner Diamant (UNCD) ist ein Produkt dieses neuen Gebietes.Der Schlüssel zur Strukturierung von ultrananokristallinen Diamantschichten ist es, das Verhältnis zwischen den harten Diamantkeimen und der sie umgebenden Matrix einzustellen. Über dieses Verhältnis lassen sich wesentliche Schichteigenschaften maßschneidern.
Beidseitige Innen‐ und Außenbeschichtung von PET‐Getränkeflaschen
Authors: Michaeli Walter , Bahroun Karim , v. Fragstein Friederike , Behm Henrik 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPlasmagestützte Verfahren zur Innenbeschichtung von PET‐Getränkeflaschen werden bereits industriell eingesetzt. Die dabei erreichbaren Barriereeigenschaften werden durch Defekte in der Schicht, welche beim Schichtwachstum entstehen und eine erhöhte Permeation erlauben, gemindert. Einen Ansatz, die Barrierewirkung zu verbessern, bietet die beidseitige Beschichtung. Das Konzept ist in Form einer Laboranlage umgesetzt worden. Mithilfe der Optischen Emissionsspek troskopie (OES), als ein sehr vielseitiges und einfach einzusetzendes Verfahren für die Überwachung von industriellen Plasmaprozessen, wird am Beispiel eines Beschichtungsprozesses weiterhin der Einfluss der Gaszusammensetzung auf die Plasmahomogenität und die Barriereverbesserung demonstriert. Das Potential der beidseitigen Beschichtung hinsichtlich der Abscheidung effektiver Barriereschichten wird anhand von Permeationsmessungen dargestellt.
Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Zühtungstechnologie von CZ‐Si‐Kristallen
Authors: Altekrüger Burkhard , Volk Michael 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie industrielle Züchtung von immer größeren und perfekteren Silizium (Si) ‐ Einkristallen für Anwendungen in der Mikroelektronik und in der Photovoltaik erfordert eine kontinuierliche Verbesserung der Prozessführung und der Züchtungstechnologie.Parallel dazu ist eine stetige Anpassung und Optimierung der Anlagentechnik hinsichtlich der Zuverlässigkeit, Prozessflexibilität und Dimensionierung erforderlich. Im ersten Teil dieser Artikelfolge werden die Grundlagen der industriellen Silizium‐Kristallzüchtung und die daraus folgenden Anforderungen an die Si‐Prozess‐ und Anlagen‐Technologien beschrieben. Die fortlaufend steigenden Anforderungen an die Leistungsfähigkeit und Komplexität der elektronischen Schaltkreise (Chips) gemäß dem Moore'schen Gesetz haben zur Folge, dass auch die Anforderungen an die Perfektion und Dimensionen der einkristallinen Si‐Wafer und Si‐Kristalle stetig steigen. Nach Einführung der 300 mm‐Si‐Wafer‐Generation in den letzten Jahren wird daher bereits die nächste Si‐Wafer‐Generation (450 mm) diskutiert.Die technologischen und ökonomischen Auswirkungen dieser stetig steigenden Anforderungen an die erforderliche Anlagen‐Technologien werden in den Folge‐Artikeln anhand von aktuellen Si‐CZ‐ KristallzüchtungsAnlagen sowie von neuen AnlagenKonzeptionen vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Keimbildung und Wachstum von TiO2 in dünnen Schichten
Authors: Mergel Dieter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie Morphologie dünner Schichten aus TiO2 spiegelt den gesamten Herstellungsprozess wider. Rutil‐Keime entstehen bei Beschuss der wachsenden Schicht mit Teilchen der Energie 100 eV, vermutlich durch Subplantation. Anatas wächst in amorphen Schichten schneller als Rutil, aufgrund niedrigerer Verspannung. Aufgedampfte Schichten sind bei Raumtemperatur metastabil und können durch Nachheizen bei der Aufdampftemperatur reproduzierbare optische Eigenschaften erhalten. Die Zunahme des Brechungsindexes mit steigender Dichte kann wegen der inhomogenen Struktur der Schichten nicht mit einem Clausius‐Mosotti‐Ansatz beschrieben werden.
FPG1, a gene involved in foam formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Blasco Lucía , Veiga‐Crespo Patricia , Villa Tomás G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFoam formation in fermentations conducted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, either at the beginning of the fermentation process or at the end in the case of sparkling wines, is due, to a large extent, to cell wall mannoproteins, which provide hydrophobicity to the yeast cells and favour their floating index as well as stabilization of the foam. The foam may be an undesirable by‐product if it accumulates on top of the fermentation tanks, but its formation is a good property in either beer or sparkling wines. It is therefore important to know the yeast genes involved in foam formation, in order to suppress or potentiate their expression according to the end product to be obtained. The present study identified and characterized, for the first time in an oenological S. cerevisiae strain, a gene involved in foam formation, named FPG1 (foam‐promoting gene). The protein encoded by FPG1 is a mannoprotein precursor present in the cell wall and somewhat homologous to Awa1p, a foaming protein described in a sake S. cerevisiae strain. A foamless strain was prepared by FPG1 deletion, and a foam hyper‐producing strain was also constructed, thus allowing the conclusion that Fpg1p is a mannoprotein involved in yeast frothing. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Welfare reform and interstate migration of poor families
Authors: De Jong Gordon F. , Graefe Deborah Roempke , St. Pierre Tanja 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The thesis of this study is that as a result of increased inequalities in welfare rules, the 1996 welfare reform act not only enhanced incentives for poor families to move but also (and perhaps more important) created disincentives for them to stay in “race to the bottom” states. In testing this thesis, we evaluated the mediating and moderating roles of state economic development and family structure. We merged data from three main sources: the 1996–1999 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, the Urban Institute’s Welfare Rules Database, and state economic data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Modeling both destination (pull) and departure (push) effects of welfare policy measures and selected covariates in a nested discrete-time event-history migration analysis, we found robust support for the thesis that stringency in state welfare-eligibility and behavior-related rules stimulated interstate out-migration of poor families in the United States. However, poor families were not drawn to states with relatively more-lenient welfare rules, although stringency in state welfare dollar benefits inhibited in-migration and state unemployment patterns may have conditioned the migration effects of welfare-reform rules on the choice of destination. Single mothers were not more directly affected by welfare-eligibility and behavior-related rules than were poor married couples.
Risk Factors for Splenic Injury During Colectomy: A Matched Case–Control Study
Authors: Wang Jeffrey K. , Holubar Stefan D. , Wolff Bruce G. , Follestad Barbara , O’Byrne Megan M. , Qin Rui 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurposeWe assessed risk factors for splenic injury during colectomy and associated outcomes for a 15‐year period at a single institution.MethodsAll adult general surgery patients who sustained a splenic injury during colectomy at our institution from 1992 to 2007 were retrospectively identified and matched 1:1 to controls without splenic injury. Putative risk factors were assessed using paired univariate analysis and conditional logistic regression. Differences in short‐ and long‐term mortality were assessed using the log‐rank test. Results are reported as a proportion, median, or odds ratio [OR (95% confidence intervals)].ResultsA total of 118 patients were included: 59 patients with splenic injury and 59 control patients. Statistically significant risk factors for splenic injury during colectomy found on univariate analysis included: splenic flexure mobilization, OR 21.00 (2.82–156.12); Charlson comorbidity index ≥5, OR 3.17 (1.26–7.93); ASA class ≥3, OR 5.33 (1.55–18.3); and nonelective surgery, OR 5.00 (1.1–22.82). On multivariate analysis, only splenic flexure mobilization was independently associated with increased risk of splenic injury (OR 18.4 (2.1–161); p = 0.0085). Splenic injured patients trended toward decrease survival both at 30 days (98 vs. 88%; p = 0.06) and at 5 years (58 vs. 55%), with a hazard ratio of 1.6 (1.0, 2.6; p = 0.05).ConclusionsSplenic flexure mobilization is the primary risk factor for splenic injury during colectomy, independent of other factors, such as higher ASA class, Charlson score, and nonelective surgery. Splenic injury during colectomy has an increased risk of death in both the short‐ and long‐term.
Treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome) with idursulfase: the relevance of clinical trial end points
Authors: Glamuzina Emma , Fettes Emma , Bainbridge Katie , Crook Victoria , Finnegan Niamh , Abulhoul Lara , Vellodi Ashok 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe current treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II, Hunter syndrome) is enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant idursulfase (Elaprase®). The efficacy of ERT was established based primarily on reduction in urine glycosaminoglycans:creatinine (GAG:Cr) ratio and improvement in a composite score of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC% predicted) and 6‐min walk‐test distance (6MWT). We retrospectively reviewed these parameters in 11 boys with MPS II treated with idursulfase between April 2007 (or the time of diagnosis) and February 2010. Some results were inconsistent with published trial data, and there was only a small number of analyzable results obtained for the FVC% predicted and 6MWT. A major drawback was the high prevalence of neurological involvement and young age of patients in the study cohort compared with the clinical trials. This study emphasizes the limitations of the current tools utilized to monitor ERT efficacy and MPS II disease burden in clinical practice.
Sexual quality of life for localized prostate cancer: a cross‐cultural study between Japanese and American men
Authors: Namiki Shunichi , Arai Yoichi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroductionRace and ethnicity are important factors in health‐related quality of life (QOL) because of racial differences in preferences for, and trust in, health systems. Such factors are likely to affect QOL and patient satisfaction with care.ResultsUsing a self‐reported questionnaire, Japanese men with prostate cancer reported lower sexual function scores at baseline. In detail, Japanese men were more likely than American men to report poor sexual desire, poor erection ability, poor overall ability to function sexually, poor ability to attain orgasm, poor quality of erections, infrequency of erections, infrequency of morning erections, and intercourse in the previous 4 weeks. However, Japanese men were less likely than American men to be concerned about their sexual function. Two years after surgery, American patients were more likely than Japanese patients to regain their baseline sexual function. The use of phosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE‐5) inhibitors has been widely publicized as the solution to erectile dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment. Although PDE‐5 inhibitors have been available in Japan since 1999, it is striking that Japanese men with localized prostate cancer are much less likely (only 10%) to use PDE‐5 inhibitors than American men.ConclusionJapanese patients with localized prostate cancer report worse sexual function but are less concerned about their reduced function. In the absence of a biological explanation for such differences, however, we suspect that cultural differences may explain the differences between QOL survey results from Japanese or American men with prostate cancer.
Effects on markers of inflammation and endothelial cell function of threead libitumdiets differing in type and amount of fat and carbohydrate: a 6-month randomised study in obese individuals
Authors: Bladbjerg Else-Marie , Larsen Thomas M. , Due Anette , Stender Steen , Astrup Arne , Jespersen Jørgen 
Published: February 2011

Diet is important for the prevention of CVD, and diets high in MUFA might be more cardioprotective than low-fat diets. We hypothesise that inflammation and endothelial cell function will be improved most favourably by a high-MUFA diet compared with a low-fat diet. This was tested in a parallel randomised intervention trial on overweight individuals (aged 28·2 (sd4·6) years) assigned to a diet moderate in the amount of fat (35–45% of energy; >20% of fat as MUFA; MUFA diet,n39), a low-fat (20–30% of energy) diet (LF diet,n43) or a control diet (35 % of energy as fat,n24) for 6 months after weight loss. Protein constituted 10–20 % of energy in all diets. Food was provided free of charge. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after the intervention and analysed for C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, intercellular adhesion molecule, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. vWF concentrations tended to fall on the LF diet (4·78 (sd16·44) %;P = 0·07). Concentrations of IL-6 were reduced by the MUFA (0·37 (sd0·74) pg/ml;P < 0·01) and LF (0·47 (sd0·69) pg/ml;P < 0·001) diets, and CRP was reduced on all diets (MUFA: 0·48 (sd1·93) mg/l (P < 0·01); LF: 1·46 (sd2·89) mg/l (P < 0·001); control: 1·20 (sd1·97) mg/l (P < 0·01)). No significant differences were observed between changes induced by the different diets. Our findings suggest that in overweight subjects after weight loss, the MUFA and LF diets have similar long-term effects on inflammation and endothelial cell function.
A protein-rich beverage consumed as a breakfast meal leads to weaker appetitive and dietary responses v. a protein-rich solid breakfast meal in adolescents
Authors: J. Leidy Heather , I. Bales-Voelker Louise , T. Harris Corey 
Published: February 2011

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a protein-rich beverage leads to a differential response in appetite, satiety and subsequent energy intake compared with an energy- and macronutrient-matched solid version in young people. A total of fifteen adolescents (eight girls and seven boys; age 14 (sem 1) years, BMI percentile 79 (sem 4) %) randomly completed two testing days that included protein-rich (PR) breakfast meals (38 % of energy as protein, 48 (sem 2) g/meal) provided as a solid (S) or beverage (B). Breakfast was 24 % of estimated daily energy needs (2146 (sem 96) kJ/meal). Perceived appetite and satiety responses were collected over 5 h followed by an ad libitum lunch buffet. The PR-S meal led to greater reductions in 4 h postprandial appetite ( − 6221 (sem 1171) mm × 240 min) v. the PR-B meal ( − 3570 (sem 957) mm × 240 min; P < 0·05). When examining the data according to hourly responses, the PR-S meal led to greater reductions in appetite during postprandial hours 2, 3 and 4 v. the PR-B meal (all comparisons, P < 0·05). No differences in postprandial hourly or total (4 h) fullness were observed following the PR-S v. PR-B meals. The PR-S meal led to approximately 480 kJ less energy consumed at the ad libitum lunch buffet (1418 (sem 222) kJ) v. the PR-B meal (1900 (sem 326) kJ; P < 0·05). These data indicate that, although the food form of the PR breakfast meals had little, if any, effect on satiety, the appetitive responses were diminished and the subsequent food intake was greater when protein was consumed as a beverage v. a solid meal.
Is the alpine divide becoming more permeable to biological invasions? – Insights on the invasion and establishment of the Walnut Husk Fly, Rhagoletis completa (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Switzerland
Authors: Aluja M. , Guillén L. , Rull J. , Höhn H. , Frey J. , Graf B. , Samietz J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Walnut Husk Fly, Rhagoletis completa Cresson (Diptera: Tephritidae), is native to North America (Midwestern US and north-eastern Mexico) and has invaded several European countries in the past decades by likely crossing the alpine divide separating most parts of Switzerland from Italy. Here, we determined its current distribution in Switzerland by sampling walnuts (Juglans regia L.) in ecologically and climatically distinct regions along potential invasion corridors. R. completa was found to be firmly established in most low altitude areas of Switzerland where walnuts thrive, but notably not a single parasitoid was recovered from any of the samples. Infested fruit was recovered in 42 of the 71 localities that were surveyed, with mean fruit infestation rate varying greatly among sites. The incidence of R. completa in Switzerland is closely related to meteorological mean spring temperature patterns influencing growing season length, but not to winter temperatures, reflecting survival potential during hibernation. Importantly, areas in which the fly is absent correspond with localities where the mean spring temperatures fall below 7°C. Historical data records show that the natural cold barrier around the Alpine divide in the central Swiss Alps corresponding to such minimal temperatures has shrunk significantly from a width of more than 40 km before 1990 to around 20 km after 2000. We hypothesize on possible invasion/expansion routes along alpine valleys, dwell on distribution patterns in relation to climate, and outline future research needs as the incursion of R. completa into Switzerland; and, more recently, other European countries, such as Germany, Austria, France and Slovenia, represent an example of alien species that settle first in the Mediterranean Basin and from there become invasive by crossing the Alps.
Negative Hedging: Performance-Sensitive Debt and CEOs’ Equity Incentives
Authors: Tchistyi Alexei , Yermack David , Yun Hayong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe examine the relation between chief executive officers’ equity incentives and their use of performance-sensitive debt contracts. These contracts require higher or lower interest payments when the borrower’s performance deteriorates or improves, thereby increasing expected costs of financial distress while making a firm riskier to the benefit of option holders. We find that managers whose compensation is more sensitive to stock volatility choose steeper and more convex performance pricing schedules, while those with high delta incentives choose flatter, less convex pricing schedules. Performance pricing contracts therefore seem to provide a channel for managers to increase firms’ financial risk to gain private benefits.
Liquidity Dynamics and Cross-Autocorrelations
Authors: Chordia Tarun , Sarkar Asani , Subrahmanyam Avanidhar 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper examines the relation between information transmission and cross-autocorrelations. We present a simple model, where informed trading is transmitted from large to small stocks with a lag. In equilibrium, large stock illiquidity induced by informed trading portends stronger cross-autocorrelations. Empirically, we find that the lead-lag relation increases with lagged large stock illiquidity. Further, the lead from large stock order flows to small stock returns is stronger when large stock spreads are higher. In addition, this lead-lag relation is stronger before macro announcements (when information-based trading is more likely) and weaker afterward (when information asymmetries are lower).
Intratympanic gentamicin in Ménière's disease: our experience
Authors: Delgado L Pérez , Rodrigo J Fraile , Peña P Astier 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAims:To analyse intratympanic gentamicin injection as a treatment option in patients with monolateral Ménière's disease resistant to medical treatment.Material and methods:Longitudinal, prospective, descriptive study of response to gentamicin treatment in 71 patients diagnosed with Ménière's disease and treated medically for more than a year, unsuccessfully. American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery criteria were used for diagnosis and follow up.Results:Complete vertigo control was obtained in 65.6 per cent of patients, and complete or substantial control in 84.37 per cent. Thirteen patients (18.3 per cent) suffered significant hearing loss.Conclusion:This intratympanic gentamicin injection protocol enabled effective vertigo control in most patients, and represents a good alternative to more aggressive techniques for the treatment of Ménière's disease which does not respond to medical treatment.
Treatment and prevention of cryptosporidiosis: what options are there for a country like Zambia?
Authors: KELLY PAUL 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYCryptosporidiosis is a major infection of humans, leading to diarrhoea and growth failure in children, diarrhoea and malnutrition in immunocompromised adults, and is associated with increased mortality in all age groups. Using the country of Zambia as an example, I review the possible approaches to treatment and prevention in a tropical setting. The current optimal therapy for cryptosporidiosis is nitazoxanide which works well in HIV uninfected children, but treatment in patients with HIV infection remains remarkably difficult. No single drug has demonstrated efficacy in a randomised trial. No vaccine is available, so the best option for prevention for the moment is filtration and clean storage of drinking water. This would be expected to reduce cryptosporidiosis dramatically, but this needs to be demonstrated directly. Water filtration would have the added benefit of protection against many other pathogens, but the paucity of alternative approaches highlights the need for a better understanding of this important human pathogen.