bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment and validation of multiclassification prediction models for pulmonary nodules based on machine learning
Authors: Liu Qiao , Lv Xue , Zhou Daiquan , Yu Na , Hong Yuqin , Zeng Yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. This study aimed to establish novel multiclassification prediction models based on machine learning (ML) to predict the probability of malignancy in pulmonary nodules (PNs) and to compare with three published models.MethodsNine hundred fourteen patients with PNs were collected from four medical institutions (A, B, C and D), which were organized into tables containing clinical features, radiologic features and laboratory test features. Patients were divided into benign lesion (BL), precursor lesion (PL) and malignant lesion (ML) groups according to pathological diagnosis. Approximately 80% of patients in A (total/male: 632/269, age: 57.73 ± 11.06) were randomly selected as a training set; the remaining 20% were used as an internal test set; and the patients in B (total/male: 94/53, age: 60.04 ± 11.22), C (total/male: 94/47, age: 59.30 ± 9.86) and D (total/male: 94/61, age: 62.0 ± 11.09) were used as an external validation set. Logical regression (LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) were used to establish prediction models. Finally, the Mayo model, Peking University People's Hospital (PKUPH) model and Brock model were externally validated in our patients.ResultsThe AUC values of RF model for MLs, PLs and BLs were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73–0.88), 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82–0.99) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.67–0.88), respectively. The weighted average AUC value of the RF model for the external validation set was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.67–0.73), and its AUC values for MLs, PLs and BLs were 0.71 (95% CI: 0.68–0.79), 0.98 (95% CI: 0.88–1.07) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.61–0.74), respectively. The AUC values of the Mayo model, PKUPH model and Brock model were 0.68 (95% CI: 0.62–0.74), 0.64 (95% CI: 0.58–0.70) and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.49–0.65), respectively.ConclusionsThe RF model performed best, and its predictive performance was better than that of the three published models, which may provide a new noninvasive method for the risk assessment of PNs.
Donor heart dysfunction and graft survival in liver and kidney transplants—A register‐based study from Sweden
Authors: Svensson Carl Johan , Öberg Josefin , Dellgren Göran , Gäbel Markus , Oras Jonatan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and aimStress cardiomyopathy in donors can potentially affect graft function and longevity. This study aims to investigate the association between echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50%, and/or the presence of left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) in organ donors, and short‐ and long‐term liver and kidney graft survival. Our secondary aim was to link graft survival with donor and recipient characteristics.MethodsAll donors considered for liver and kidney donation with echocardiographic records at Sahlgrenska University Hospital between 2006 and 2016 were matched with their recipients through the Scandiatransplant register. The studied outcomes were graft survival, re‐transplantation, and recipient death. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to plot time to event. Multivariate Cox‐regression was used to test independence.ResultsThere were 370 liver donors and 312 kidney donors (matched with 458 recipients) with echocardiographic records at Sahlgrenska University Hospital between June 2006 and November 2016. Of patients with LV dysfunction by echocardiography, there were 102 liver‐ and 72 kidney donors. Univariate survival analyses showed no statistical difference in the short‐ and long‐term graft survival from donors with LV dysfunction compared to donors without. Donor age > 65 years, recipient re‐transplantation and recipient liver tumor were predictors of worse outcome in liver transplants (p < .05). Donor age > 65, donor hypertension, recipient re‐transplantation, and a recipient diagnosis of diabetes or nephritis/glomerulonephritis had a negative association with graft survival in kidney transplants (p < .05).ConclusionWe found no significant association between donor LV dysfunction and short‐ and long‐term graft survival in liver and kidney transplants, suggesting that livers and kidneys from such donors can be safely transplanted.
Development of immediate‐release formulation with reliable absorption of rivaroxaban in various meal regimes
Authors: Bosák Jan , Šíma Martin , Krejčí Tereza , Obadalová Iva , Šmardová Jaroslava , Kozlík Petr , Křížek Tomáš , Beránek Josef , Hauser Tomáš , Slanař Ondřej 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe bioavailability of rivaroxaban at the higher doses (15 and 20 mg) is considerably reduced when the drug is administered on an empty stomach. This can lead to inadequate anticoagulant effect, and therefore, it is recommended to use the higher doses at fed state. However, proper posology may represent a barrier for some patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate innovative rivaroxaban‐containing formulations designed to eliminate the food effect to ensure reliable absorption and thus to improve patient adherence with the treatment. Three prototypes (Cocrystal, HPMCP and Kollidon) with rivaroxaban were developed and their bioavailability and food effect in comparison to the reference product was tested in open label, randomized, single oral dose, crossover studies, where test products were administered under fasting and fed conditions and the reference product was administered under fed conditions. Comparable bioavailability for all tested prototypes both under fed and fasting conditions was demonstrated as the 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratios for area under the concentration–time curve remained within the standard acceptance range of 80.00%–125.00%. An innovative immediate release form of rivaroxaban with no food effect on drug bioavailability has been developed, which may represent an important step toward increasing adherence, improving treatment outcome and reducing health care costs.
Blood pressure variability in acute stroke: Risk factors and association with functional outcomes at 1 month
Authors: Reddin Catriona , Murphy Robert , Hankey Graeme J. , Wang Xingyu , Langhorne Peter , Oveisgharan Shahram , Xavier Denis , Judge Conor , Rosengren Annika , Iversen Helle K. , Czlonkowska Anna , Lanas Fernando , Oguz Aytekin , Ryglewicz Danuta , Wasay Mohammad , Smyth Andrew , Yusuf Salim , O'Donnell Martin ,   INTERSTROKE investigators
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeBlood pressure variability, in acute stroke, may be an important modifiable determinant of functional outcome after stroke. In a large international cohort of participants with acute stroke, it was sought to determine the association of blood pressure variability (in the early period of admission) and functional outcomes, and to explore risk factors for increased blood pressure variability.Patients and methodsINTERSTROKE is an international case–control study of risk factors for first acute stroke. Blood pressure was recorded at the time of admission, the morning after admission and the time of interview in cases (median time from admission 36.7 h). Multivariable ordinal regression analysis was employed to determine the association of blood pressure variability (standard deviation [SD] and coefficient of variance) with modified Rankin score at 1‐month follow‐up, and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for blood pressure variability.ResultsAmongst 13,206 participants, the mean age was 62.19 ± 13.58 years. When measured by SD, both systolic blood pressure variability (odds ratio 1.13; 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.24 for SD ≥20 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure variability (odds ratio 1.15; 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.26 for SD ≥10 mmHg) were associated with a significant increase in the odds of poor functional outcome. The highest coefficient of variance category was not associated with a significant increase in risk of higher modified Rankin score at 1 month. Increasing age, female sex, high body mass index, history of hypertension, alcohol use, and high urinary potassium and low urinary sodium excretion were associated with increased blood pressure variability.ConclusionIncreased blood pressure variability in acute stroke, measured by SD, is associated with an increased risk of poor functional outcome at 1 month. Potentially modifiable risk factors for increased blood pressure variability include low urinary sodium excretion.
Familial aggregation of seizure outcomes in four familial epilepsy cohorts
Authors: Ellis Colin A. , Tu Danni , Oliver Karen L. , Mefford Heather C. , Hauser W. Allen , Buchhalter Jeffrey , Epstein Michael P. , Cao Quy ,   EPGP Consortium,   Epi4K Consortium, Berkovic Samuel F. , Ottman Ruth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the possible effects of genetics on seizure outcome by estimating the familial aggregation of three outcome measures: seizure remission, history of ≥4 tonic–clonic seizures, and seizure control for individuals taking antiseizure medication.MethodsWe analyzed families containing multiple persons with epilepsy in four previously collected retrospective cohorts. Seizure remission was defined as being 5 and 10 years seizure‐free at last observation. Total number of tonic–clonic seizures was dichotomized at <4 and ≥4 seizures. Seizure control in patients taking antiseizure medication was defined as no seizures for 1, 2, and 3 years. We used Bayesian generalized linear mixed‐effects model (GLMM) to estimate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the family‐specific random effect, controlling for epilepsy type, age at epilepsy onset, and age at last data collection as fixed effects. We analyzed each cohort separately and performed meta‐analysis using GLMMs.ResultsThe combined cohorts included 3644 individuals with epilepsy from 1463 families. A history of ≥4 tonic–clonic seizures showed strong familial aggregation in three separate cohorts and meta‐analysis (ICC .28, 95% confidence interval [CI] .21–.35, Bayes factor 8 × 1016). Meta‐analyses did not reveal significant familial aggregation of seizure remission (ICC .08, 95% CI .01–.17, Bayes factor 1.46) or seizure control for individuals taking antiseizure medication (ICC .13, 95% CI 0–.35, Bayes factor 0.94), with heterogeneity among cohorts.SignificanceA history of ≥4 tonic–clonic seizures aggregated strongly in families, suggesting a genetic influence, whereas seizure remission and seizure control for individuals taking antiseizure medications did not aggregate consistently in families. Different seizure outcomes may have different underlying biology and risk factors. These findings should inform the future molecular genetic studies of seizure outcomes.
A learning analytics‐based collaborative conversational agent to foster productive dialogue in inquiry learning
Authors: de Araujo Adelson , Papadopoulos Pantelis M. , McKenney Susan , de Jong Ton 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSustaining productive student–student dialogue in online collaborative inquiry learning is challenging, and teacher support is limited when needed in multiple groups simultaneously. Collaborative conversational agents (CCAs) have been used in the past to support student dialogue. Yet, research is needed to reveal the characteristics and effectiveness of such agents.ObjectivesTo investigate the extent to which our analytics‐based Collaborative Learning Agent for Interactive Reasoning (Clair) can improve the productivity of student dialogue, we assessed both the levels at which students shared thoughts, listened to each other, deepened reasoning, and engaged with peer's reasoning, as well as their perceived productivity in terms of their learning community, accurate knowledge, and rigorous thinking.MethodIn two separate studies, 19 and 27 dyads of secondary school students from Brazil and the Netherlands, respectively, participated in digital inquiry‐based science lessons. The dyads were assigned to two conditions: with Clair present (treatment) or absent (control) in the chat. Sequential pattern mining of chat logs and the student's responses to a questionnaire were used to evaluate Clair's impact.ResultsAnalysis revealed that in both studies, Clair's presence resulted in dyads sharing their thoughts at a higher frequency compared to dyads that did not have Clair. Additionally, in the Netherlands' study, Clair's presence led to a higher frequency of students engaging with each other's reasoning. No differences were observed in students' perceived productivity.ConclusionThis work deepens our understanding of how CCAs impact student dialogue and illustrates the importance of a multidimensional perspective in analysing the role of CCAs in guiding student dialogue.
Adverse events in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided choledochoduodenostomy with lumen‐apposing metal stents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Jia‐Su , Tang Jian , Fang Jun , Li Zhao‐Shen , Liu Feng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimSeveral meta‐analyses have analyzed the technical and clinical success of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS‐CDS) by using lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMS) in malignant biliary obstruction, but those concerning adverse events (AEs) are scarce. The current systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the AEs after EUS‐CDS with LAMS.MethodsA comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was conducted for studies reporting the outcomes of EUS‐CDS with LAMS. The main endpoints were the incidence of overall and specific AEs. Moreover, the stent dysfunction, and reintervention rates were evaluated independently.ResultsA total of 21 studies (n = 1438) were included in the final meta‐analysis. The pooled rate of technical and clinical success was 93.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.3–95.1) and 88.0% (95% CI: 83.9–91.1), respectively. After EUS‐CDS with LAMS, the pooled incidence of overall AEs was 20.1% (95% CI: 16.0–24.9). The estimated rate of early AEs was 10.6% (95% CI: 7.9–14.2), and late AEs was 11.2% (95% CI: 8.2–15.2). Infection/cholangitis was the commonest AE, with a pooled incidence of 6.1% (95% CI: 3.7–10.1). The estimated incidence of stent dysfunction and reintervention was 10.5% (95% CI: 7.5–14.4), and 12.1% (95% CI: 9.3–15.7), respectively.ConclusionDespite with a high technical and clinical success rate, EUS‐CDS with LAMS may be associated with overall AEs and stent dysfunction in one‐fifth and one‐tenth of cases, respectively. Further efforts are required to optimize its safety and long‐term stent patency.
Neural correlates of individual differences in moral identity and its positive moral function
Authors: Zhu Wenfeng , Wang Kai , Li Chenxing , Tian Xue , Wu Xinyan , Matkurban Kalbinur , Xia Ling‐Xiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMoral identity is an important moral variable which has positive moral functions, such as contributing to prosocial behaviours, reducing antisocial behaviours, and resisting the risk factors of antisocial behaviours. However, little is known about the neural correlates of moral identity and the neural basis of the effect of moral identity on the risk factors of antisocial behaviours, including moral disengagement. In this study, we explored these issues in 142 college students by estimating the regional homogeneity (ReHo) through resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The whole‐brain correlation analyses found that higher internalized moral identity was correlated with higher ReHo in the precuneus. Furthermore, the ReHo in the precuneus was negatively correlated with moral disengagement, suggesting positive moral functions of the neural mechanisms of moral identity. These findings deepen our understanding of individual differences in moral identity and provide inspiration for the education of moral identity and the intervention for moral disengagement from the perspective of the brain.
Slow to launch: Young men's parental coresidence and employment outcomes
Authors: Saydam Asya , Raley Kelly 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe authors investigate the potential early career consequences of parental coresidence for young men and whether they vary by duration of coresidence.BackgroundYoung adult coresidence with parents is becoming more common, particularly since the Great Recession and the recent pandemic. Although many studies have investigated the factors that predict coresidence, few examine the consequences. Some prior research suggests that coresidence may directly reduce career opportunities and indirectly shape employment through its effects on mental health and family formation. Yet, the consequences may be milder if coresidence is short‐term.MethodUsing data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, the authors examine the associations between parental coresidence after the age of 24 and employment status (n = 3915) and occupational standing (n = 3613) for young men in their early 30s in the United States. They explore how this association varies by the duration of coresidence, testing several model specifications and controlling for factors that select young men into parental coresidence.ResultsShort‐term coresidence of about 1 year is marginally associated with an improved likelihood of full‐time employment, but longer‐term parental coresidence of 4 to 6 years is negatively associated with occupational standing.ConclusionParental coresidence may be beneficial for young men in their peak ages of career growth if it is only for a few years. However, just as long‐term unemployment can have a scarring effect on employment outcomes, long‐term parental coresidence might negatively impact career growth.
Personal scoping review: A novel review type with a personal touch
Authors: Lobbezoo Frank , Raphael Karen G. , Verhoeff Merel C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of incorporating patient and medical professional perspectives in medical research is increasingly recognized. However, formal platforms for these voices are limited.ObjectiveTo address this gap, this study proposes a novel manuscript type, the Personal Scoping Review, within the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.Materials and MethodsPersonal Scoping Reviews utilize a qualitative design with semi‐structured interviews to gather patient and professional perspectives. This approach offers flexibility and depth, allowing authors to explore diverse insights. The reviews focus on care, education and research agendas related to the topic, using the voices of individuals as primary evidence.Results & ConclusionPersonal Scoping Reviews highlight concerns in patient care, educational needs and research gaps, offering a comprehensive view. By integrating diverse perspectives, these reviews provide valuable insights for improving medical research and practice. They facilitate the formulation of agendas to address key issues in care, education and research. By amplifying individual perspectives, these reviews aim to enhance the relevance and impact of research, ultimately benefiting patients and healthcare providers alike.
Analysis of the suprahyoid muscles during tongue elevation: High‐density surface electromyography as a novel tool for swallowing‐related muscle assessment
Authors: Yoshikawa Kohei , Nakamori Masahiro , Ushio Kai , Toko Megumi , Yamada Hidetada , Nishikawa Yuichi , Fukuoka Tatsuyuki , Maruyama Hirofumi , Mikami Yukio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐density surface electromyography (HD‐sEMG) has enabled non‐invasive analysis of motor unit (MU) activity and recruitment, but its application to swallowing‐related muscles is limited.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the utility of HD‐sEMG for quantitatively evaluating the MU recruitment characteristics of the suprahyoid muscles during tongue elevation.MethodsWe measured the sEMG activity of the suprahyoid muscles of healthy participants during tongue elevation using HD‐sEMG. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured, followed by data collection during sustained and ramp‐up tasks to capture suprahyoid muscle activity. Changes in the temporal/spatial MU recruitment patterns within individual suprahyoid muscles were analysed.ResultsThis study enrolled 16 healthy young adults (mean age: 27.8 ± 5.3 years; eight males and eight females). Increasing muscle force corresponded to a decrease in modified entropy and correlation coefficient and an increase in the coefficient of variation. No significant differences were observed between male and female participants.ConclusionThe results of this study, consistent with those observed in other muscles, such as the vastus lateralis muscle, suggest that HD‐sEMG is a valuable and reliable tool for quantitatively evaluating MU recruitment in the suprahyoid muscles. This measurement technique holds promise for novel assessments of swallowing function.
Building bridges of trust: Impact of regional digital financial inclusion on social capital in China
Authors: Lan Jiajun , Liu Yihan , Pan Yinghao , Peng Zhiyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, we examine the interplay between regional digital financial inclusion and social capital with a focus on social trust. Our empirical analysis shows that regions with enhanced digital financial services experience a significant boost in social trust. Specifically, a one standard deviation increase in regional digital financial inclusion correlates with an approximate increase of 1% in social trust among frequent Internet users compared with infrequent users. We futher find that growth in social trust is largely attributable to noneconomic factors, such as improvements in perceived fairness. Conversely, the economic factor of increased individual income exhibits limited explanatory strength in this context. These findings shed light on the dynamics of regional development and highlight critical policy considerations for fostering social capital through digital finance.
Patenting of agriculture biotechnology in Iraq: Widening the gap between the country's development needs and food security
Authors: Khalaf Nihaya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn Iraq, plants and biological processes for their production and plant varieties are patentable Under Order (81/2004) in Iraq and later its amendment Law (58/2015). This paper attempts to critically review patent rules related to agricultural biotechnology. It specifically questions the extent to which Iraq's developmental needs were considered when far‐reaching plant related patent protection was granted, The motivation for this study lies in its aim to examine the shift to restrictive exclusionary rights over plant genetic resources, and the implications this shift could have on sustainable agriculture and food security in the country, particularly Iraq lacks technological, institutional and financial capacities that can be directed towards the development of the biotechnology industry in the country.