bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damping rates of p-modes by an ensemble of randomly distributed thin magnetic flux tubes
Authors: Gascoyne Andrew , Jain Rekha 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) sausage tube waves are excited in the magnetic flux tubes by p-mode forcing. These tube waves thus carry energy away from the p-mode cavity which results in the deficit of incident p-mode energy. We calculate the loss of incident p-mode energy as a damping rate of f- and p-modes. We calculate the damping rates of f- and p-modes by a model Sun consisting of an ensemble of many thin magnetic flux tubes with varying plasma properties and distributions. Each magnetic flux tube is modelled as axisymmetric, vertically oriented and untwisted. We find that the magnitude and the form of the damping rates are sensitive to the plasma-β of the tubes and the upper boundary condition used.
Studies of waves in sunspots using spectropolarimetric observations
Authors: MacDonald Gordon A. , Rajaguru S. P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe observe the acoustic velocity oscillations in and near active region NOAA 10960 on 8 June, 2007 using observations from the IBIS instrument at the Dunn Solar Telescope at NSO/Sacramento Peak and simultaneous Hinode BFI/SP data. Inversions were performed on the spectropolarimetric datasets in order to get magnetic field information for the AR. A time series of Doppler maps from line bisectors and Stokes V zero-crossing was constructed and allowed us to construct power maps for the AR. Past works by various authors have shown that acoustic power in the solar atmosphere is strongly influenced by magnetic field strength and inclination. Our study also explores this, but in addition, we also discuss the role of oscillations due to purely magnetized gas in the photosphere. Our preliminary results for this study are presented.
Towards physics-based helioseismic inversions of subsurface sunspot structure
Authors: Braun D. C. , Birch A. C. , Crouch A. D. , Rempel M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNumerical computations of wave propagation through sunspot-like magnetic field structures are critical to developing and testing methods to deduce the subsurface structure of sunspots and active regions. We show that helioseismic analysis applied to the MHD sunspot simulations of Rempel and collaborators, as well as to translation-invariant models of umbral-like fields, yield wave travel-time measurements in qualitative agreement with those obtained in real sunspots. However, standard inversion methods applied to these data fail to reproduce the true wave-speed structure beneath the surface of the model. Inversion methods which incorporate direct effects of the magnetic field, including mode conversion, may be required.
Correlations of magnetic features and the torsional pattern
Authors: Muraközy Judit , Ludmány András 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe striking similarity between the cyclic equatorward migration of the torsional oscillation belts and the sunspot activity latitudes inspired several attempts to seek an explanation of the torsional phenomenon in terms of interactions between flux ropes and plasma motions. The aim of the present work is to examine the spatial and temporal coincidences of the torsional waves and the emergence of sunspot magnetic fields. The locations of the shearing latitudes have been compared with the distributions of certain sunspot parameters by using sunspot data of more than two cycles. The bulges of the sunspot number and area distributions tend to be located within the ‘forward’ belts close to their poleward shearing borders. A possible geometry of the magnetic and velocity field interacion is proposed.
Photospheric data programs at the Debrecen Observatory
Authors: Győri L. , Baranyi T. , Ludmány A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe primary task of the Debrecen Observatory is the most detailed, reliable and precise documentation of the solar photospheric activity. This long-term effort started with the continuation of the Greenwich photoheliograph program, this is the Debrecen Photoheliographic Data (DPD) sunspot catalogue based on ground-based observations. The profile of the work has later been extended to space-borne observations (SOHO/MDI and SDO), to magnetic fields and faculae as well as to higher temporal resolution (one hour) and nearly real-time data supply. The database also includes historical observations. The web-presentation developed for the material is easy to search and browse. We describe the main characteristics of these catalogs, and their advantages. We summarize the recent advances in the procedure of their compilation, and the available sets of the data and images.
Observations of density fluctuations in a quiescent prominence
Authors: Nakatsukasa Ken 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDensity fluctuations in a torsional quiescent prominence were studied with Solar Optical Telescope on board of Hinode satellite. Continuous observations were made in Ca II H line from ~15:00 UT May 03, 2008; the observational duration was ~1 hr with a cadence time ~ 30s. The emission intensity along the prominence axis as functions of altitudes and time shows fluctuations in brightness with local peaks in Fourier power spectra, indicating the presence of periods and intervallic displacements to be 3 ~ 11 min and 2 ~ 7 Mm respectively and statistically significant peaks at 368 ± 63s & 620 ± 41 s, and 3.3 ± 0.6 Mm regime. The distance is the line of sight projection. These intensity disturbances may perhaps be caused by density fluctuations originated from compressional waves in which the possible origin could be the combinations of p-mode oscillations induced at the surface and twisting of the flux tube.
Using SONG to probe rapid variability and evolution of starspots
Authors: Neff James E. , Hakkila Jon , Hill Frank , Jackiewicz Jason , Metcalfe Travis S. , Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen , Frandsen Søren , Grundahl Frank , Kjeldsen Hans , Jørgensen Uffe Gråe , Rasmussen Per Kjærgaard , Gu Sheng-Hong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe Stellar Observations Network Group (SONG) is being developed as a network of 1-meter spectroscopic telescopes designed for and primarily dedicated to asteroseismology. It is patterned after the highly successful GONG project. The Danish prototype telescope will be installed in Tenerife in early 2011. Ultimately we hope to have as many as 8 identical nodes providing continuous high-resolution spectroscopic observations for targets anywhere in the sky. The primary scientific goals of SONG are asteroseismology and the search for Earth-mass exoplanets. The spectroscopic requirements for these programs push the limits of current technology, but the resulting spectrograph design will enable many secondary science programs with less stringent requirements. Doppler imaging of starspots can be accomplished using continuous observations over several stellar rotations using identical instrumentation at each node. It should be possible to observe the evolution of starspot morphology in real-time, for example. We discuss the design and status of the SONG project in general, and we describe how SONG could be used to probe short timescale changes in stellar surface structure.
Structure of sunspots observed with Hinode Solar Optical Telescope
Authors: Choudhary Debi Prasad , MacDonald Gordon A. , Deng Na , Toshifumi Shimizu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe studied 16 sunspots with different sizes and shapes using the observations with the Hinode Solar Optical Telescope. The ratio of G-band and CaII H images reveal rich structures both within the umbra and penumbra of most spots. The striking features are the compact blob at the foot point of the umbra side of the penumbral fibrils with disk center-limb side asymmetry. In this paper, we present properties of these features using the spectropolarimetry and images in G-band, CaII and blue filters. We discuss the results using the contemporary models of the sunspots.
Microwave Depolarization above Sunspots
Authors: Lee Jeongwoo , White Stephen M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMicrowave emissions from sunspots are circularly polarized in the sense of rotation (right or left) determined by the polarity (north or south) of coronal magnetic fields. However, they may convert into unpolarized emissions under certain conditions of magnetic field and electron density in the corona, and this phenomenon of depolarization could be used to derive those parameters. We propose another diagnostic use of microwave depolarization based on the fact that an observed depolarization strip actually represents the coronal magnetic polarity inversion line (PIL) at the heights of effective mode coupling, and its location itself carries information on the distribution of magnetic polarity in the corona. To demonstrate this diagnostic utility we generate a set of magnetic field models for a complex active region with the observed line-of-sight magnetic fields but varying current density distribution and compare them with the 4.9 GHz polarization map obtained with the Very Large Array (VLA). The field extrapolation predicts very different locations of the depolarization strip in the corona depending on the amount of electric currents assumed to exist in the photosphere. Such high sensitivity of microwave depolarization to the coronal magnetic field can therefore be useful for validating electric current density maps inferred from vector magnetic fields observed in the photosphere.
Damping and the period ratio P1/2P2 of non-adiabatic slow mode
Authors: Kumar N. , Kumar A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe investigate the combined effects of thermal conduction, compressive viscosity and optically thin radiative losses on the period ratio, P1/2P2, (P1 is the period of the fundamental mode and P2 is the period of its first harmonic) of a slow mode propagating one dimensionally. We obtain the dispersion relation and solve it to study the influence of non-ideal effects on the period ratio. The dependence of period ratio on thermal conductivity, compressive viscosity and radiative losses has been shown graphically. It is found that the effect of thermal conduction on the period ratio is negligible while compressive viscosity and radiation have sufficient effects for small loops and large loops respectively.
Pre-Eruption Magnetic Configurations in the Active-Region Solar Photosphere
Authors: Georgoulis Manolis K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMost solar eruptions occur above strong photospheric magnetic polarity inversion lines (PILs). What overlays a PIL is unknown, however, and this has led to a debate over the existence of sheared magnetic arcades vs. helical magnetic flux ropes. We argue that this debate may be of little meaning: numerous small-scale magnetic reconnections, constantly triggered in the PIL area, can lead to effective transformation of mutual to self magnetic helicity (i.e. twist and writhe) that, ultimately, may force the magnetic structure above PILs to erupt to be relieved from its excess helicity. This is preliminary report of work currently in progress.
Empirically evaluating the impact of adjudicative tribunals in the health sector: context, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Hoffman Steven J. , Sossin Lorne 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAdjudicative tribunals are an integral part of health system governance, yet their real-world impact remains largely unknown. Most assessments focus on internal accountability and use anecdotal methodologies; few, studies if any, empirically evaluate their external impact and use these data to test effectiveness, track performance, inform service improvements and ultimately strengthen health systems. Given that such assessments would yield important benefits and have been conducted successfully in similar settings (e.g. specialist courts), their absence is likely attributable to complexity in the health system, methodological difficulties and the legal environment within which tribunals operate. We suggest practical steps for potential evaluators to conduct empirical impact evaluations along with an evaluation matrix template featuring possible target outcomes and corresponding surrogate endpoints, performance indicators and empirical methodologies. Several system-level strategies for supporting such assessments have also been suggested for academics, health system institutions, health planners and research funders. Action is necessary to ensure that policymakers do not continue operating without evidence but can rather pursue data-driven strategies that are more likely to achieve their health system goals in a cost-effective way.
Absence of ABCG2-mediated mucosal detoxification in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease is due to impeded protein folding
Authors: Deuring J. Jasper , de Haar Colin , Koelewijn Chantal L. , Kuipers Ernst J. , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , van der Woude C. Janneke 
Published: August 2011

Xenotoxic damage in inflammatory diseases, including IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), is compounded by reduced activity of the xenobiotic transporter ABCG2 (ATP-binding-cassette G2) during the inflammatory state. An association between the activation of the unfolded protein response pathway and inflammation prompted us to investigate the possibility that reduced ABCG2 activity is causally linked to this response. To this end, we correlated expression of ABCG2 and the unfolded protein response marker GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa) in colon biopsies from healthy individuals (n=9) and patients with inactive (n=67) or active (n=55) IBD, ischaemic colitis (n=10) or infectious colitis (n=14). In addition, tissue specimens throughout the small bowel from healthy individuals (n=27) and from patients with inactive (n=9) or active (n=25) Crohn's disease were co-stained for ABCG2 and GRP78. In all biopsies from patients with active inflammation, irrespective of the underlying disease, an absolute negative correlation was observed between epithelial ABCG2 expression and GRP78 expression, suggesting that inflammation-dependent activation of the unfolded protein response is responsible for suppression of ABCG2 function. The link between the unfolded protein response and functional ABCG2 expression was further corroborated by live imaging of ABCG2-expressing cells, which showed that various inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, activate the unfolded protein response and concomitantly reduce plasma membrane localization as well as transport function of ABCG2. Thus a novel mechanism for explaining xenobiotic stress during inflammation emerges in which intestinal inflammation activates the unfolded protein response, in turn abrogating defences against xenobiotic challenge by impairing ABCG2 expression and function.
Generation of Human scFv Antibody Libraries: PCR Amplification and Assembly of Light- and Heavy-Chain Coding Sequences
Authors: Andris-Widhopf Jennifer , Steinberger Peter , Fuller Roberta , Rader Christoph , Barbas Carlos F. 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTIONThe development of therapeutic antibodies for use in the treatment of human diseases has long been a goal for many researchers in the antibody field. One way to obtain these antibodies is through phage-display libraries constructed from human lymphocytes. This protocol describes the construction of human scFv (single chain antibody fragment) libraries using a short linker (GGSSRSS) or a long linker (GGSSRSSSSGGGGSGGGG). In this method, the individual rearranged heavy- and light-chain variable regions are amplified separately and are linked through a series of overlap polymerase chain reaction (PCR) steps to give the final scFv products that are used for cloning.
Risk factors for developing pain in normospermic patients with varicocoele
Authors: Chen L. K. , Chen S. S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryTo assess the possible risk factors for developing pain in normospermic adult varicocoele patients, 42 adult patients with left painful varicocoele (group 1) and 35 age‐matched patients with left painless varicocoele (group 2) were recruited to this study. All the patients had normal semen quality (spermatozoa density, motility and morphology). Pain score on a 10‐cm visual analogue scale was used to assess the scrotal pain as a result of varicocoele. The severity of pain was defined as follows: mild pain (1–3 cm), moderate pain (4–6 cm) and severe pain (7–10 cm). The parameters for comparison included body mass index (BMI), the distance from the renal hilum to scrotum (DRS), semen quality and pH value, serum concentration of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, testosterone, alkaline phosphatase (Alk‐p), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), testicular volume and discrepancy (%), grade of varicocoele and peak retrograde flow (PRF) and spontaneous venous reflux (SVR) by colour Doppler ultrasound and scrotal temperature (ST). The mean ages were 27.8 and 27.1 years old in groups 1 and 2, respectively. By multivariate analysis, patients in group 1 had significantly higher PRF, ST, DRS and rate of SVR, and lower BMI than those in group 2. Furthermore, there were significant differences in PRF, DRS and BMI among patients in group 1 with different degrees of pain. Conclusively, normospermic adult patients with left painful varicocoele had significantly higher peak retrograde flow, ST, distance from the renal hilum to scrotum, and rate of spontaneous venous reflux and lower BMI than those with left painless varicocoele. Furthermore, varicocoele patients with severe pain had significantly higher peak retrograde flow and distance from the renal hilum to scrotum, and lower BMI than those with moderate and mild pain.
Modelling the local spread of invasive plants: importance of including spatial distribution and detectability in management plans
Authors: Emry D. Jason , Alexander Helen M. , Tourtellot Michael K. 
Published: August 2011

Summary1. The success of locally applied treatments for exotic weed control depends on the effectiveness of the method used and workers’ abilities to find plants within infested sites. Detectability of exotic plants, however, depends on aspects of a plant’s spatial distribution such as the number and size of patches. We lack an explicit examination of how incomplete detection affects the spread of exotic weeds under a range of realistic field conditions.2. We developed a model of spatial spread of the exotic plant, Lespedeza cuneata, based on 3 years of data in a Kansas, USA, grassland. We then expanded and generalized the model to study how treatment intensity, spatial distribution of stems and detectability influenced control efforts.3. When left untreated, occupancy and abundance were higher with randomly distributed infestations than with patchy distributions. Control treatments slowed spread, but only the most intense treatments reduced occupancy and abundance.4. The greatest spread occurred when low detectability was accompanied with low treatment intensity because many small patches were not treated; this phenomenon was particularly common with random spatial distributions that initially lacked large, easily detectable patches. In contrast, high treatment intensity led to similarly slow spread for both spatial patterns and a range of detectability functions.5. Synthesis and applications. We developed a model to simultaneously manipulate the spatial distribution of the invading plant, the intensity of control methods used to manage the population and the detectability of occupied areas at a site; different combinations of these three factors led to very different rates of exotic spread. Managers will reasonably try to implement intensive weed control. However, poor timing of treatments, for example, could lead to variation in treatment effectiveness. To maximize success, managers should explicitly consider detectability, especially where small patches are scattered throughout a site. To quantify the probability of detection, managers could perform multiple observer surveys; such information could help to determine the effort needed for effective control. Creating weed maps may increase the detection of existing patches from year to year, but workers would still need to search the entire site for new or previously undetected patches.
Transitional features of histologic type of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean young men
Authors: Kim Ja Kyung , Chon Nu Ri , Lim Hyun Chul , Lee Kwan Sik , Han Kwang Hyub , Chon Chae Yoon , Park Young Nyun , Paik Yong Han 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing in Korea as the dietary pattern and lifestyle become more Westernized and the obese population increases. The spectrum of NAFLD ranges from asymptomatic steatosis to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Schwimmer et al. divided NASH into three types according to the histological characteristics, such as adult type, pediatric type and overlap type. We investigated clinical and histologic features of NAFLD patients in Korean young men.Methods:  A total of 64 male patients under age 30 years, diagnosed as NAFLD by a liver biopsy, were reviewed retrospectively. NASH was diagnosed by NAFLD activity score (NAS), and NASH patients were classified with Schwimmer's histological classification.Results:  Pathological features of liver biopsy revealed NASH in most cases (59 cases, 92.2%) including 29 cases (45.3%) of borderline NASH and 30 cases (46.9%) of definite NASH. The definite NASH group showed significantly high aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase levels compared to the borderline NASH group. There were four cases (6.8%) of pediatric type, 17 cases (28.8%) of adult type, and 38 cases (64.4%) of overlap type in the NASH group. NAS was 3.75 ± 0.05 in the pediatric type, 4.29 ± 1.16 in the adult type and 4.87 ± 1.21 in the overlap type, and the overlap type showed a higher NAS than the pediatric type. The fibrosis stage was significantly higher in the overlap type than the other types.Conclusion:  Most Korean young men with NAFLD turned out to have borderline or definite NASH. More than half of the NASH cases showed overlap type in Korean young men.
The interplay of culture and situational cues in consumers' brand evaluation
Authors: Sung Yongjun , Choi Sejung Marina , Lin Jhih‐Syuan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis research examines the effects of situational cues in consumers' brand evaluation; more importantly, this relationship is explored across the US and Korean cultures. The findings suggest that consumers prefer brands with personality traits that are congruent with the social situations. Furthermore, as predicted, this brand‐situation congruity, for which brand preference increases when the social situational cues are congruent vs. incongruent with the brand personality, is stronger among Korean vs. American subjects.