bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infant care practices related to sudden infant death syndrome in South Asian and White British families in the UK
Authors: Ball Helen L. , Moya Eduardo , Fairley Lesley , Westman Janette , Oddie Sam , Wright John 
Published: August 2011

SummaryBall HL, Moya E, Fairley L, Westman J, Oddie S, Wright J. Infant care practices related to sudden infant death syndrome in South Asian and White British families in the UK. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2012; 26: 3–12.In the UK, infants of South Asian parents have a lower rate of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) than White British infants. Infant care and life style behaviours are strongly associated with SIDS risk. This paper describes and explores variability in infant care between White British and South Asian families (of Bangladeshi, Indian or Pakistani origin) in Bradford, UK (the vast majority of which were Pakistani) and identifies areas for targeted SIDS intervention. A cross‐sectional telephone interview study was conducted involving 2560 families with 2‐ to 4‐month‐old singleton infants enrolled in the Born in Bradford cohort study. Outcome measures were prevalence of self‐reported practices in infant sleeping environment, sharing sleep surfaces, breast feeding, use of dummy or pacifier, and life style behaviours. We found that, compared with White British infants, Pakistani infants were more likely to: sleep in an adult bed (OR = 8.48 [95% CI 2.92, 24.63]); be positioned on their side for sleep (OR = 4.42 [2.85, 6.86]); have a pillow in their sleep environment (OR = 9.85 [6.39, 15.19]); sleep under a duvet (OR = 3.24 [2.39, 4.40]); be swaddled for sleep (OR = 1.49 [1.13, 1.97]); ever bed‐share (OR = 2.13 [1.59, 2.86]); regularly bed‐share (OR = 3.57 [2.23, 5.72]); ever been breast‐fed (OR = 2.00 [1.58, 2.53]); and breast‐fed for 8+ weeks (OR = 1.65 [1.31, 2.07]). Additionally, Pakistani infants were less likely to: sleep in a room alone (OR = 0.05 [0.03, 0.09]); use feet‐to‐foot position (OR = 0.36 [0.26, 0.50]); sleep with a soft toy (OR = 0.52 [0.40, 0.68]); use an infant sleeping bag (OR = 0.20 [0.16, 0.26]); ever sofa‐share (OR = 0.22 [0.15, 0.34]); be receiving solid foods (OR = 0.22 [0.17, 0.30]); or use a dummy at night (OR = 0.40 [0.33, 0.50]). Pakistani infants were also less likely to be exposed to maternal smoking (OR = 0.07 [0.04, 0.12]) and to alcohol consumption by either parent. No difference was found in the prevalence of prone sleeping (OR = 1.04 [0.53, 2.01]). Night‐time infant care therefore differed significantly between South Asian and White British families. South Asian infant care practices were more likely to protect infants from the most important SIDS risks such as smoking, alcohol consumption, sofa‐sharing and solitary sleep. These differences may explain the lower rate of SIDS in this population.
Enrichment of invariant natural killer T cells in the bone marrow of visceral leishmaniasis patients
Authors: RAI A. K. , THAKUR C. P. , SETH T. , MITRA D. K. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryLipid antigens of Leishmania donovani like lipophosphoglycans are shown as a potent ligand for the activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. It is reported that activation of iNKT cells augments the disease pathology in experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In this study, we demonstrate the enrichment of iNKT cells in the bone marrow, one of the disease sites among patients with VL.
Cerebral malaria protection in mice by species‐specific Plasmodium coinfection is associated with reduced CC chemokine levels in the brain
Authors: CLARK C. J. , PHILLIPS R. S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryCerebral malaria is a major pathological complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans. Epidemiological observations have suggested that the clinical evolution of P. falciparum infections may be influenced by the concurrent presence of another Plasmodium species. Infection of susceptible mouse strains with P. berghei ANKA (PbA) provides an experimental model of cerebral malaria which has been extensively used to identify different components of the immune system involved in cerebral malaria. This model has also been employed to investigate the influence of experimental mixed‐Plasmodium‐species infections on the expression of cerebral malaria; PbA‐induced cerebral malaria is completely inhibited by the simultaneous presence of P. yoelii yoelii 17X clone 1.1 parasites, and accumulation of CD8+ T cells in the brain vasculature is abolished. We investigated whether brain levels of CD8+‐T‐cell‐chemoattractant chemokines CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5 are reduced in these protected coinfected mice compared with PbA‐infected mice. Coinfected mice were found to exhibit significantly reduced levels of all three chemokines on day 6 post‐infection. This finding may contribute to the abolition of the accumulation of CD8+ T cells in the brain vasculature and the prevention of the development of cerebral malaria in coinfected mice.
A novel allergen Tab y 1 with inhibitory activity of platelet aggregation from salivary glands of horseflies
Authors: An S. , Ma D. , Wei J. F. , Yang X. , Yang H. W. , Yang H. , Xu X. , He S. , Lai R. 
Published: August 2011

To cite this article: An S, Ma D, Wei JF, Yang X, Yang HW, Yang H, Xu X, He S, Lai R. A novel allergen Tab y 1 with inhibitory activity of platelet aggregation from salivary glands of horseflies. Allergy 2011; 66: 1420–1427.AbstractBackground:  Horsefly sting causes allergic reactions in human body. However, our knowledge on horsefly allergens remains poor.Objectives:  To identify the novel horsefly allergens and characterize their properties.Methods:  A native allergen protein Tab y 1 (apyrase) was purified from the salivary glands of the horsefly Tabanus yao Macquart by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Its sequence was determined by Edman degradation and cDNA cloning. Its allergenicity was assessed by immunoblotting for specific IgE, basophil activation test, skin prick test (SPT), and competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:  Tab y 1 showed a single diffusion band of 70 kDa on SDS‐PAGE. Seventy percent (7/10) of patients with horsefly allergy tested positive to Tab y 1 in SPT; sera from 81% (30/37) of patients reacted to Tab y 1 on western blots. Purified Tab y 1 reduced approximately 42% sera IgE reactivity to horsefly salivary gland extract on a competitive ELISA. Tab y 1 upregulated the expression of CD63 and CCR3 on passively sensitized basophils by up to approximately 4.9‐fold. Tab y 1 also showed enzymatic activity to hydrolyze ATP and ADP, and potent antiplatelet aggregation and antithrombotic activities.Conclusion:  The current work identified a novel major allergen of horsefly, Tab y 1, with antiplatelet aggregation and antithrombotic activities, which implicates Tab y 1 in helping horseflies suck host blood, meanwhile causing allergy in their human hosts.
Combination of tissue expansion and porcine mesh for secondary abdominal wall closure after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Lafosse Aurore , de Magnee Catherine , Brunati Andrea , Bayet Bénédicte , Vanwijck Romain , Manzanares Javier , Reding Raymond 
Published: August 2011

Lafosse A, de Magnee C, Brunati A, Bayet B, Vanwijck R, Manzanares J, Reding R. Combination of tissue expansion and porcine mesh for secondary abdominal wall closure after pediatric liver transplantation.Abstract:  We report the case of a two and a half yr boy hospitalized in our Pediatric Transplantation Unit for portal vein thrombosis following liver transplantation. After performing a meso‐Rex shunt, abdominal wall closure was impossible without compressing the portal flow. A combination of two techniques was used to perform the reconstruction of the muscular fasciae and skin layers. The association of tissue expanders and porcine mesh (Surgisis®) allowed complete abdominal wall closure with good functional and esthetic results. Use of both techniques is a useful alternative for difficult abdominal closure after liver pediatric transplantation.
ASGR1 expressed by porcine enriched liver sinusoidal endothelial cells mediates human platelet phagocytosis in vitro
Authors: Paris Leela L. , Chihara Ray K. , Reyes Luz M. , Sidner Richard A. , Estrada Jose L. , Downey Susan M. , Milgrom Daniel A. , Tector A. Joseph , Burlak Christopher 
Published: August 2011

Paris LL, Chihara RK, Reyes LM, Sidner RA, Estrada JL, Downey SM, Milgrom DA, Joseph Tector A, Burlak C. ASGR1 expressed by porcine enriched liver sinusoidal endothelial cells mediates human platelet phagocytosis in vitro. Xenotransplantation 2011; 18: 245–251. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Porcine liver xenografts represent a potential solution to the organ shortage, but thrombocytopenia occurs within minutes to hours after xenotransplantation, preventing clinical application. Recently, it was discovered that porcine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) bind and phagocytose human platelets. We examined the role of ASGR1 in binding and removing human platelets by the pig liver endothelium.Methods:  Primary porcine enriched LSEC (eLSEC) were characterized by flow cytometry, immunoblot, quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry using confocal microscopy. Phagocytosis inhibition assays using anti‐ASGR1 and an ASGR1 substrate were performed. ASGR1 was targeted for siRNA knockdown, and ASGR1‐reduced cells were tested for human platelet binding and phagocytosis.Results:  ASGR1 is expressed by eLSEC. Human platelet binding and phagocytosis by porcine eLSEC was inhibited by asialofetuin, but not fetuin, suggesting an interaction with galactose β1‐4 N‐acetyl glucosamine. Anti‐ASGR1 antibodies inhibited human platelet binding in a dose‐dependent manner. Knockdown experiments using siRNA reduced ASGR1 expression in asynchronous primary eLSEC by 40%–80%. There was a 20% reduction in translated protein significantly correlated with a 21% decrease in human platelet binding.Conclusions:  ASGR1 on porcine eLSEC mediates phagocytosis of xenogeneic platelets.
Xenoreactive CD4+ memory T cells resist inhibition by anti‐CD44 mAb and reject islet grafts via a Th2‐dependent pathway
Authors: Peng Yuanzheng , Chen Jibing , Shao Wei , Wang Feiyu , Dai Helong , Cheng Panpan , Xia Junjie , Wang Feng , Huang Ruxin , Zhu Qi , Qi Zhongquan 
Published: August 2011

Peng YZ, Chen JB, Shao W, Wang FY, Dai HL, Cheng PP, Xia JJ, Wang F, Huang R, Zhu Q, Qi Z. Xenoreactive CD4+ memory T cells resist inhibition by anti‐CD44 mAb and reject islet grafts via a Th2‐dependent pathway. Xenotransplantation 2011; 18: 252–261. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Memory T cells are a significant barrier to the induction of transplant tolerance. Our previous study demonstrated that multiple applications of anti‐CD44 monoclonal antibody (mAb) could significantly inhibit CD4+ memory T cells from mediating rejection of cardiac allografts. Now, we sought to explore the effect and mechanism of anti‐CD44 mAb on the rejection of islet allografts and xenografts mediated by CD4+ memory T cells.Methods:  In this study, we first engrafted skin grafts of C57BL/6 (B6) mice or Dark Agouti (DA) rats onto BALB/c mice to induce donor‐reactive memory T cells. We adoptively transferred purified CD4+ memory T cells to BALB/c origin nude mice and then transplanted islet allografts and xenografts to produce the Allo‐Tx and Xeno‐Tx models, respectively. We subsequently administered multiple anti‐CD44 mAb and observed changes in the survival times of the islet grafts.Results:  In the Allo‐Tx model, the mean survival time (MST) of the grafts was 7.7 days in the isotype group, and 20.3 days in the anti‐CD44 group. In the Xeno‐Tx model, the MST of the grafts was 7.2 days in the isotype group and 8.2 days in the anti‐CD44 group. Compared with the isotype group, CD4+ T cells on the grafts in the anti‐CD44 group were significantly decreased in both the Allo‐Tx and Xeno‐Tx models, but the proportion of CD4+ memory T cells in the spleens and draining lymph nodes of the recipient nude mice in the anti‐CD44 group was significantly decreased in the Allo‐Tx model, while it was increased in the Xeno‐Tx model. The production of donor‐specific IgG antibody in the anti‐CD44 group did not vary in the Allo‐Tx model, while it was markedly elevated in the Xeno‐Tx model. Furthermore, the expression of interferon gamma in the anti‐CD44 group was markedly decreased in both the Allo‐Tx and Xeno‐Tx models, while the expression of IL‐4 in the anti‐CD44 group was significantly increased only in the Xeno‐Tx model.Conclusion:  Multiple applications of the anti‐CD44 mAb could significantly inhibit donor‐reactive CD4+ memory T cells from rejecting grafts via a Th1‐dependent pathway, but xenoreactive CD4+ memory T cells can avoid the effects of anti‐CD44 mAb to reject islet xenografts via a Th2‐dependent pathway.
Paramagnetic microparticles do not elicit islet cytotoxicity with co‐culture or host immune reactivity after implantation
Authors: Suszynski Thomas M. , Rizzari Michael D. , Kidder Louis S. , Mueller Kate , Chapman Christopher S. , Kitzmann Jennifer P. , Pongratz Rebecca L. , Cline Gary W. , Todd Paul W. , Kennedy David J. , O’Brien Timothy D. , Avgoustiniatos Efstathios S. , Schuurman Henk‐Jan , Papas Klearchos K. 
Published: August 2011

Suszynski TM, Rizzari MD, Kidder LS, Mueller K, Chapman CS, Kitzmann JP, Pongratz RL, Cline GW, Todd PW, Kennedy DJ, O’Brien TD, Avgoustiniatos ES, Schuurman H‐J, Papas KK. Paramagnetic microparticles do not elicit islet cytotoxicity with co‐culture or host immune reactivity after implantation. Xenotransplantation 2011; 18: 239–244. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Paramagnetic microparticles (MPs) may be useful in pancreatic islet purification, in particular purification of porcine islets as a potential xenotransplantation product. We assessed whether MPs affect islet function or induce an adverse effect following implantation.Methods:  Porcine islets were co‐cultured with 0, 500, and 1500 MPs per islet equivalent (IE) for 1 day and with 0 and 1500 MPs/IE for 7 days. Fractional viability was assessed using oxygen consumption rate normalized to DNA content (OCR/DNA) and after 7‐day co‐culture by perifusion glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and by transplantation under the renal capsule of diabetic nude mice. To assess an inflammatory response or immune reaction, MPs (∼107) were implanted under the renal capsule of C57BL/6 mice.Results:  No statistically significant differences were measured in OCR/DNA (mean ± SE) following 1‐day co‐culture with 0, 500, or 1500 MPs/IE (243.3 ± 4.5, 211.3 ± 8.1, or 230.6 ± 11.3 nmol/min·mgDNA, respectively) or following 7‐day co‐culture with 0 or 1500 MPs/IE (248.5 ± 1.4 or 252.9 ± 4.7 nmol/min·mgDNA, respectively). GSIS was not affected by the presence of MPs; first‐ and second‐phase insulin area‐under‐the‐curve (mean ± SE) reflected no statistically significant differences after 7‐day co‐culture between 0 and 1500 MPs/IE (8.36 ± 0.29 and 8.45 ± 0.70 pg/ml·min·ngDNA for first‐phase; 69.73 ± 2.18 and 65.70 ± 4.34 pg/ml·min·ngDNA for second‐phase, respectively). Islets co‐cultured with MPs normalized hyperglycemia in diabetic nude mice, suggesting no adverse effects on in vivo islet function. Implantation of MPs did not elicit tissue injury, inflammatory change or immune reactivity.Conclusion:  MPs do not adversely affect islet viability or function during co‐culture, and MPs are not immune reactive following implantation.
Genetic analyses of pathogen‐specific mastitis
Authors: Holmberg M. , Fikse W.F. , Andersson‐Eklund L. , Artursson K. , Lundén A. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe aims of this study were to investigate the presence of genetic variation for susceptibility to pathogen‐specific mastitis and to examine whether haplotypes of an identified quantitative trait locus with effect on unspecific mastitis resistance had different effects on specific mastitis pathogens. Bacteriological data on mastitis pathogens were obtained from the diagnostic laboratory at the Swedish National Veterinary Institute. The data were mainly from subclinical cases of mastitis but also clinical cases were included. Variance components were estimated for incidence of the six most frequent pathogens using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methodology via Gibbs sampling. Genetic variation for susceptibility to pathogen‐specific mastitis was higher compared to estimates of general resistance to clinical mastitis in most other studies. However, because of the non‐random nature of data collection, comparisons to other studies should be made by caution. The effect of haplotype on the risk of being infected by a given mastitis pathogen, relative to other pathogens, was studied using an allele substitution model. Although there were no significant haplotype substitution effects on the resistance to any of the six mastitis pathogens, there was a significant difference between the effects of two of the haplotypes regarding the risk of acquiring aStreptococcus dysgalactiaeinfection.
Psoriasis and type 2 diabetes risk among psoriatic patients in a Spanish population
Authors: Armesto Susana , Santos‐Juanes Jorge , Galache‐Osuna Cristina , Martinez‐Camblor Pablo , Coto Eliecer , Coto‐Segura Pablo 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThere is accumulating evidence showing a relationship between psoriasis and an increased risk of developing cardiovascular risk factors, including diabetes mellitus type 2 and ischemic heart disease. Our aim was to investigate if there is any difference in the diabetes risk profile among psoriatic patients based on clinical findings. To test this, we carried out a prospective and descriptive hospital‐based study. Our results suggest that the highest risk of suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 among psoriatic patients is in patients suffering from non‐familial and late‐onset disease and in patients suffering from psoriatic arthritis.
No escape from a VSD device? Complete heart block and cardiac arrest associated with a ventricular septal defect occluder device
Authors: Callaghan Michael A. , Mannion David 
Published: August 2011

SummaryA 15 month old boy with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) underwent percutaneous device closure of the VSD. Five days later he collapsed; on arrival to hospital he was asystolic and received prolonged cardio‐pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with intermittent return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). He had recurrent episodic complete heart block with no ventricular escape rhythm, associated with loss of cardiac output, unresponsive to transcutaneous pacing. He was transferred to theatre, while receiving CPR, for urgent removal of the VSD device. Estimated total ‘down time’ was 70 min. The device was removed and patch closure of the VSD was performed. He made a full neurological recovery. Device closure of septal defects has become widespread. We discuss the incidence and type of arrythmias associated with their use. This case highlights an uncommon but life threatening complication of a VSD device. It also highlights that good quality CPR may lead to positive outcomes following pediatric cardiac arrest.
Prevention for pediatric low cardiac output syndrome: results from the European survey EuLoCOS‐Paed
Authors: Vogt Winnie , Läer Stephanie 
Published: August 2011

SummaryObjective: Characterize current hospital practices related to preventive drug therapy for low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) in children with open heart surgery (OHS) in Europe.Methods: Web‐based questionnaire survey of European hospitals performing OHS in children, conducted between January and August 2009.Results: Responses to the questionnaire were obtained from 90 of 125 hospitals (72.0%) from 31 different countries across the geographical European regions. The majority of hospitals (77.8%) administered preventive drug therapy and primarily targeted patients at risk (63.3%). Twenty‐four different drug regimens were reported, involving 17 drugs from seven therapeutic drug classes. Milrinone, dopamine, epinephrine, dobutamine, and levosimendan made up 85.9% of the total drug use. Furthermore, milrinone was reported in 70.7% of all drug regimens and significantly more often in combination with other drugs than monotherapy (Δ20%, 95% CI 4.7–34.1%). Milrinone combination therapy reports included lower bolus but higher maintenance infusion doses than monotherapy reports. The timing of drug regimen administration varied across the full perioperative period, but drug regimens were mostly initiated during surgery and continued postoperatively.Conclusion: Although current hospital practices related to preventive drug therapy for LCOS in children with OHS are characterized by a marked variability, only few drugs make up the bulk of prescribing practice with milrinone being most commonly used. Therefore, the survey provides information on which drugs to focus research and establish safe and effective drug use. A unified approach is urgently needed to ensure that children with OHS can benefit from evidence‐based care.
Tumour diameter and decreased preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate are independently correlated in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Donin Nicholas M. , Suh Lara K. , Barlow LaMont , Hruby Gregory W. , Newhouse Jeffrey , McKiernan James 
Published: August 2011

Study Type – Diagnosis (exploratory cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?For over 30 years it has been recognized that there is an association between end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and the development of malignancy, particularly renal cortical tumour. Observational studies have consistently shown that patients with severely decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) develop cancer more frequently than their age‐ and exposure‐matched controls. This study is the first of its kind to look directly at the relationship between GFR and tumour size, in an effort to begin to examine the relationship between kidney function and oncogenesis.OBJECTIVE• To examine the relationship between tumour diameter and estimated GFR (eGFR) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).PATIENTS AND METHODS• In total, 1009 patients undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy for unilateral RCC were identified in the Columbia Urologic Database.• eGFR was calculated using the modification of diet in renal disease equation using demographic data and preoperative serum creatinine values.• Data on patient demographics, tumour characteristics, and comorbidities were analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression analysis.RESULTS• Mean (sd, range) tumour diameter was 5.29 (3.8, 0.3–29) cm. Mean (sd, range) eGFR was 75 (23.4, 3–173) mL/min per 1.73 m2.• In multivariate regression analysis, tumour diameter independently predicted decreased preoperative eGFR (coefficient, −0.513; P= 0.008) when controlling for hypertension and race.• Consistent with this, decreased preoperative eGFR independently predicted increased tumour diameter (coefficient, −0.013; P= 0.007) when controlling for race, histology and smoking status.CONCLUSION• Tumour diameter and decreased preoperative eGFR are independently correlated in patients with RCC.