bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional aliphatic polyesters and nanoparticles prepared by organocatalysis and orthogonal grafting chemistry
Authors: Silvers Angela L. , Chang Chia‐Chih , Emrick Todd 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe describe the use of organic catalysis for the ring‐opening polymerization of functionalized lactones and conversion of the resulting aliphatic polyesters into crosslinked nanoparticles that carry additional functional groups amenable to further modification. Specifically, highly functional aliphatic polyester homopolymers, as well as random and block copolymers, were prepared by 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene catalysis, giving polyesters with pendent alkene and alkyne groups. Azide‐alkyne click and thiol‐ene chemistries were used for postpolymerization modification of diblock copolymers possessing alkene groups on one block and alkyne groups on the other block. The polyesters were crosslinked using azide/alkyne cycloaddition, by reaction of α,ω‐diazides with the pendent alkynes on the polyester backbone. This gave polyester nanoparticles possessing alkene functionality, which were subjected to further modification using thiol‐ene reactions to introduce additional functionality. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Copolymers of methyl methacrylate with N‐trifluorophenyl maleimides: High glass transition temperature and low birefringence polymers
Authors: Lou Liping , Tagaya Akihiro , Ide Yoko , Koike Yasuhiro , Okamoto Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCopolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with 2,3,4‐ and 2,4,6‐trifluorophenyl maleimides (TFPMIs) were synthesized by a free radical initiator, azobisisobutyronitrile, in 1,4‐dioxane and also in bulk. The refractive indexes of the copolymers were in the range of 1.49–1.52 at 532 nm. The Tgs were 133–195 °C depending on copolymer compositions. In addition, the copolymers were thermally stable, Td > 350 °C. The orientational and photoelastic birefringence of the copolymers were also investigated. As both of the orientational and photoelastic birefringences of PMMA are negative, whereas those of poly(TFPMI)s are positive, we could obtain nearly zero orientational and photoelastic birefringence polymers when the ratios of 2,3,4‐TFPMI/MMA were 15/85 and 5/95 mol %, respectively. For 2,4,6‐TFPMI, zero orientational and photoelastic birefringences could be obtained when the ratios of 2,4,6‐TFPMI/MMA were 12/88 and 3/97 mol %, respectively. The Tgs of those copolymers with zero birefringences were in the range of 135–140 °C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis and polymerizability of CN monomers
Authors: Hall H. K. , Padias Anne Buyle , Kamachi M. , Hashidzume A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe synthesis and polymerizability of imine CN monomers is surveyed. The investigated imines were either far more reactive than similarly substituted CC or CO monomers, or too stable to polymerize. Imines with electron‐attracting substituents on N favor polymerization by anionic mechanism, but led only to low molecular weight polymers. Imines with a donor substituent on N, such as N‐arylmethyleneimines, polymerized by cationic or anionic mechanism. 1‐ and 2‐Aza‐1,3‐butadienes were also rather unstable and polymerized to oligomers. The symmetrically substituted 2,3‐diaza‐1,3‐butadienes could be purified and polymerized successfully using anionic initiators, resulting in both 1,4‐ and 1,2‐structures in the polymer backbone, depending on the substituents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular polymers containing dimethylsilane groups: Synthesis, crystal structure, and characterization
Authors: Zaltariov Mirela‐Fernanda , Cazacu Maria , Shova Sergiu , Vlad Angelica , Stoica Iuliana , Hamciuc Elena 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBis[N‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)phtalimidyl]dimethylsilane prepared by the reaction between bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl)dimethylsilane anhydride and p‐aminobenzoic acid has been used to built three novel hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular polymers as a result of cocrystallization with pyridine derivatives: 4,4′‐bipyridyl (SP1), 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (SP2), and 4,4′‐azopyridine (SP3). The structures of the dianhydride, diacid, and derived supramolecular polymers were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Self‐assembling was proved by the presence of the IR absorption bands around 1900 and 2400 cm−1 specific for hydrogen bond. The association constant values were estimated by using FTIR spectroscopy in solid state. According to X‐ray diffraction study, the bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl)dimethylsilane anhydride (1) has an isolated molecular structure. Bis[N‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)phtalimidyl]dimethylsilane (2) molecules are associated in the crystal structure via dimeric OH…O hydrogen bonds resulting in the wavy 1D supramolecular chain. The main packing motif for SP1 and SP3 is represented by wavy chain formed by alternating sequences of 4,4′‐bipyridyl or 4,4′‐azopyridine and bis[N(4‐carboxyphenyl)phtalimidyl]dimethylsilane molecules linked by OH…N hydrogen bonds. Thermal behavior was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The ability for the structuration in film was emphasized by atomic force microscopy. The molecular transport ability of the reversible associations was estimated by dynamic water vapor sorption (DVS) analysis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Baurechtliche und normative Anforderungen an ESG und ESG‐H
Authors: Hof Peter , Ensslen Frank , Reick Martin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDie Anforderungen an Einscheiben‐Sicherheitsglas unterscheiden sich je nach Verwendung und danach, ob es heißgelagert werden muss oder nicht. Gleichzeitig stellt sich die Frage, ob die Gläser in Deutschland verwendet werden dürfen oder nur außerhalb Deutschlands. Diese Situation ist für die Produzenten und Anwender nicht immer direkt und leicht zu überblicken. Der folgende Artikel möchte die wesentlichen Grundlagen zu den baurechtlichen und normativen Anforderungen darlegen.
Denkmalgerechte Sanierung einer Stahl‐Glas‐Fassade der Nachkriegsmoderne
Authors: Brenne Winfried , Hoffmann Manfred 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDie Stahl‐Glas‐Fassade des Interbau‐Objektes Nr. 20 der Architekten Beaudouin und Lopez im Hansa‐Viertel Berlin aus dem Jahr 1957 ist ein typisches Beispiel der Nachkriegsmoderne. Nach 50 Jahren Standzeit wurde eine Sanierung erforderlich. Trotz weitreichender Schädigung bis in die Substanz hinein und thermisch schwieriger Details wie außen geführter Heizleitungen sowie Umbauten und Ergänzungen war der größtmögliche Erhalt der denkmalgeschützten Fassade das Ziel und nicht deren Ersatz durch thermisch getrennte Neubauprodukte.
Transparente Fassaden bei Neubau und Sanierung von Gebäuden
Authors: Maniatis Iris , Siebert Barbara 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAnforderungen an Gebäude, insbesondere an Fassaden, unterliegen einem Wandel: neben Schutz vor äußeren Einwirkungen sind Energiebilanz und Nachhaltigkeit der Konstruktion wichtig – unter Berücksichtigung ansprechender Gestaltung. Doppelfassaden mit zweiter Haut aus Glas kristallisieren sich als effiziente Lösung heraus. Eine wesentliche Maßnahme zur Reduktion der CO2‐Emissionen ist die Sanierung von Altbauten. Die Renovierung bestehender Gebäude ist meist um vieles komplexer als ein Neubau, da die bestehende Struktur in das neue Konzept zu integrieren ist. Gezeigt wird ein Beispiel der Ertüchtigung eines Hochhauses durch eine Doppelfassade.
Microengineered synthetic cellular microenvironment for stem cells
Authors: Sun Yubing , Weng Shinuo , Fu Jianping 
Published: May 2012

AbstractStem cells possess the ability of self‐renewal and differentiation into specific cell types. Therefore, stem cells have great potentials in fundamental biology studies and clinical applications. The most urgent desire for stem cell research is to generate appropriate artificial stem cell culture system, which can mimic the dynamic complexity and precise regulation of the in vivo biochemical and biomechanical signals, to regulate and direct stem cell behaviors. Precise control and regulation of the biochemical and biomechanical stimuli to stem cells have been successfully achieved using emerging micro/nanoengineering techniques. This review provides insights into how these micro/nanoengineering approaches, particularly microcontact printing and elastomeric micropost array, are applied to create dynamic and complex environment for stem cells culture. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012, 4:414–427. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1175This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Peritoneofascial Suture Method for Facilitating Loop Ileostomy Mobilization
Authors: Jung Sang‐hun , Kim Jae‐hwang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundIleostomy closure is a minor procedure and is performed through a small peristomal incision. However, a hard adhesion increases the technical difficulty. A peritoneofascial suture (PFS) will reduce the adhesion layers of the abdominal wall. This study was performed to evaluate whether the PFS method may decrease the extent of adhesions between the bowel and the abdominal wall opening and facilitate ileostomy mobilization.MethodsForty‐two patients (24 males and 18 females) with a mean age of 57 years (range = 31–80 years) and who were undergoing ileostomy closure were enrolled. The PFS group and the conventional group had 18 and 24 patients, respectively. The intraoperative findings such as degree of adhesion, mobilization time, and associated bowel injury were analyzed.ResultsThe thickness of the abdominal wall and the rectus abdominis was similar in both groups. The overall operation time was shorter in the PFS group than in the conventional group (50.9 vs. 80.4 min, respectively, p = 0.001). The ileostomy mobilization time was also shorter in the PFS group than in the conventional group (18.9 vs. 44.7 min, respectively, p < 0.001). The procedure was technically easier in the PFS group more frequently than in the conventional group (77.8 % vs. 31.6 %, respectively, p = 0.013). Bowel injury during mobilization was more common in the conventional group than in the PFS group (50.0 % vs. 16.7 %, respectively, p = 0.053).ConclusionsThe peritoneofascial suture method is a simple procedure, and it may facilitate ileostomy mobilization by decreasing adhesion layers. To confirm the technical advantage of this method a randomized study will be needed.
Effect of the Healthy MOMs Lifestyle Intervention on Reducing Depressive Symptoms Among Pregnant Latinas
Authors: Kieffer Edith C. , Caldwell Cleopatra H. , Welmerink Diana B. , Welch Kathleen B. , Sinco Brandy R. , Guzmán J. Ricardo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDepression during the prenatal and postpartum periods is associated with poor maternal, perinatal and child outcomes. This study examines the effectiveness of a culturally and linguistically tailored, social support‐based, healthy lifestyle intervention led by trained community health workers in reducing depressive symptoms among pregnant and early postpartum Latinas. A sample of 275 pregnant Latinas was randomized to the Healthy MOMs Healthy Lifestyle Intervention (MOMs) or the Healthy Pregnancy Education (control) group. More than one‐third of participants were at risk for depression at baseline. MOMs participants were less likely than control group participants to be at risk for depression at follow‐up. Between baseline and 6 weeks postpartum, MOMs participants experienced a significant decline in depressive symptoms; control participants experienced a marginally significant decline. For MOMs participants, most of this decline occurred during the pregnancy intervention period, a time when no change occurred for control participants. The change in depressive symptoms during this period was greater among MOMs than control participants (“intervention effect”). From baseline to postpartum, there was a significant intervention effect among non‐English‐speaking women only. These findings provide evidence that a community‐planned, culturally tailored healthy lifestyle intervention led by community health workers can reduce depressive symptoms among pregnant, Spanish‐speaking Latinas.
Prenatal Treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia—Not Standard of Care
Authors: Witchel Selma Feldman , Miller Walter L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to steroid 21‐hydroxylase deficiency is a common autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in the CYP21A2 gene. Since genetic counselors play a crucial role in educating families about inherited disorders, they need to have thorough knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of CAH especially the effects on the fetus, the complex genetics of this disorder, and the controversies surrounding experimental prenatal dexamethasone treatment. Affected female fetuses may have varying degree of virilization of the external genitalia. Starting in the 1980's, supraphysiologic glucocorticoid treatment was used to decrease the virilization of the external genitalia of affected female fetuses. However, recent clinical observations, animal studies and greater awareness of the details of human fetal adrenal physiology raise concerns regarding the safety of this prenatal treatment. We review the pathophysiology of CAH, the safety and ethical considerations of prenatal dexamethasone treatment and the views of multiple medical societies that conclude that this experimental therapy should only be done in prospective trials approved by ethical review boards.
Retrospective case review of pyriform sinus fistulae of third branchial arch origin commonly presenting as acute suppurative thyroiditis in children
Authors: Yolmo D , Madana J , Kalaiarasi R , Gopalakrishnan S , Kiruba Shankar M , Krishnapriya S 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective:Abnormalities of the third branchial arch are less common than those of the second arch and usually present with left thyroid lobe inflammation. This paper describes 15 cases of pyriform sinus fistulae of third branchial arch origin usually presenting as recurrent thyroid abscess on the left side.Method:A retrospective review of 15 cases of third arch fistulae managed 2000 and 2008, diagnosed based on histopathology and radiological evidence of a fistulous tract, and treated with fistulectomy with left hemithyroidectomy.Results:All patients (six boys and nine girls, aged three to 15 years) presented with recurrent low neck inflammation. Pre-operative ultrasound, computed tomography fistulography and barium swallow demonstrated a third arch fistulous tract, left-sided in all cases. The fistula was detected intra-operatively and pathologically in all cases. Surgery (successful in all cases) emphasised complete recurrent laryngeal nerve and ipsilateral pyriform sinus exposure, to facilitate tract excision, with left hemithyroidectomy. There was no recurrence over three to five years' follow up.Conclusion:Paediatric recurrent low neck inflammatory episodes, due to thyroidal abscess, especially left-sided, should raise suspicion of pyriform sinus fistulae.
A method to determine the flux limiter via the motion of the M-band emission region in Au hohlraum
Authors: Zhao Yiqing , Lan Ke , Song Peng , Zheng Wudi , Li Xin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this paper, the influence of the electron flux limiter fe on hohlraum plasmas is studied by using the two-dimensional code LARED-H, and a method to experimentally determine fe via the motion of the M-band emission region in Au hohlraum is proposed. From our simulations, the limited free streaming flux may dominates the heat conduction in the regions with steep temperature gradient, including the laser deposition region, the flux-heated overcritical region, and the laser channel boundary between the hot laser plasmas and the surrounding radiation ablated plasmas, while these are important X-ray emission regions. Hence, the choosing of fe may influence the wall plasma expansion and the laser spot motion, and further influence the motion of the emission regions. From our study, the motion of the M-band (>1.5 keV) emission region is sensitive to fe when the limited free streaming flux dominates the heat conduction of the wall plasma expansion region, and so it is possible to determine fe via the motion of the M-band emission region. In this work, the model used in our simulations is taken from the wall and laser spot motion experiments done by Huser et al. (2009).
Time evolution of solid-density plasma during and after irradiation by a short, intense laser pulse
Authors: Luan Shixia , Yu Wei , Murakami Masakatsu , Zhuo Hongbin , Yu Mingyang , Ma Guangjin , Mima Kunioki 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA two-dimensional theoretical model for the evolution of solid-density plasma irradiated by short, intense laser pulse is introduced. The electrons near the target surface are pushed inward by the radiation pressure, leading to a receding electron density jump where the laser is reflected. The electrostatic field of the resulting charge separation eventually balances the radiation pressure at the laser peak. After that the charge separation field becomes dominant. It accelerates and compresses the ions that are left behind until they merge with the compressed electrons, resulting in a high-density plasma peak. The laser pulse reflected from the receding electron density jump loses energy in plasma and suffers Doppler frequency red-shift, which can provide valuable information on the laser absorption rate and the speed of the receding electrons. Electron oscillations, including theu × Boscillations across the density jump at twice the laser frequency during the laser action, as well as the low-frequency oscillations appearing after laser action, are identified.
Biped walking control using a trajectory library
Authors: Liu Chenggang , Atkeson Christopher G. , Su Jianbo 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents biped walking control using a library of optimal trajectories. Biped walking control is formulated as an optimal control problem. We use a parametric trajectory optimization method to find the periodic steady-state walking trajectory. As a second stage, we use Differential Dynamic Programming to generate a library of optimal trajectories and locally linear models of the optimal control law, which are used to construct a more global control law. The proposed controller is compared with a trajectory tracking controller using optimal gains. The utility and performance of the proposed method are evaluated using simulated walking control of a planar five-link biped robot.
The UEA sRNA workbench: a suite of tools for analysing and visualizing next generation sequencing microRNA and small RNA datasets
Authors: Stocks Matthew B. , Moxon Simon , Mapleson Daniel , Woolfenden Hugh C. , Mohorianu Irina , Folkes Leighton , Schwach Frank , Dalmay Tamas , Moulton Vincent 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Summary: RNA silencing is a complex, highly conserved mechanism mediated by small RNAs (sRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), that is known to be involved in a diverse set of biological functions including development, pathogen control, genome maintenance and response to environmental change. Advances in next generation sequencing technologies are producing increasingly large numbers of sRNA reads per sample at a fraction of the cost of previous methods. However, many bioinformatics tools do not scale accordingly, are cumbersome, or require extensive support from bioinformatics experts. Therefore, researchers need user-friendly, robust tools, capable of not only processing large sRNA datasets in a reasonable time frame but also presenting the results in an intuitive fashion and visualizing sRNA genomic features. Herein, we present the UEA sRNA workbench, a suite of tools that is a successor to the web-based UEA sRNA Toolkit, but in downloadable format and with several enhanced and additional features.
Availability: The program and help pages are available at http://srna-workbench.cmp.uea.ac.uk.
Contact: vincent.moulton@cmp.uea.ac.uk
Beam trawlermen take feet off gas in response to oil price hikes
Authors: Beare Doug , Machiels Marcel 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Beare, D., and Machiels, M. 2012. Beam trawlermen take feet off gas in response to oil price hikes. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1064–1068. Average towing speed by Dutch beam trawlermen has fallen substantially between 2002 and 2009. Changes in towing speed are related to changes in oil price. The price of their valuable main target species (sole, Solea vulgaris) did not influence towing speed.
Utilization of Critical Care Services among Patients Undergoing Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Memtsoudis Stavros G. , Sun Xuming , Chiu Ya-Lin , Nurok Michael , Stundner Ottokar , Pastores Stephen M. , Mazumdar Madhu 
Published: May 2012

Background
A paucity of data exist on the use of critical care services (CCS) among hip and knee arthroplasty patients. The authors sought to identify the incidence and risk factors for the use of CCS among these patients and compare the characteristics and outcomes of patients who require CCS to those who do not.

Methods
The authors analyzed hospital discharge data of patients who underwent primary hip or knee arthroplasty in approximately 400 United States hospitals between 2006 and 2010. Patient and healthcare system-related demographics for admitted patients requiring CCS were compared with those who did not. Differences in outcomes, including mortality, complications, disposition status, and hospital charges, were analyzed. Regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for requiring CCS.

Results
A total of 528,495 patients underwent primary total hip (n = 172,467, 33%) and knee arthroplasty (n = 356,028, 67%). Of these, 3% required CCS. On average, CCS patients were older and had a higher comorbidity burden than did patients not requiring CCS. CCS patients experienced more complications, had longer hospital stays and higher costs, and were less likely to be discharged home than were non-CCS patients. Risk factors with increased odds for requiring CCS included advanced age, use of general versus neuraxial anesthesia, and the presence of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications.

Conclusions
Approximately 1 of 30 patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty requires CCS. Given the large number of these procedures performed annually, anesthesiologists, orthopedic surgeons, critical care physicians, and administrators should be aware of the attendant risks this population represents and allocate resources accordingly.