bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Veins Containing Zirconolite and Betafite at Adamello, Italy
Authors: Gieré R. , Lumpkin G.R. , Williams C.T. , Smith K.L. , Payne T.E. , Mcglinn P.J. , Hart K.P. , Oberli F. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTHydrothermal veins containing zirconolite and betafite occur in dolomite marbles at the contact with a tonalite intrusion of the Adamello batholith, Italy. The veins display four distinct mineral zones and are highly enriched in Th, U, Ti, Zr, Nb, and rare earth elements (REE) relative to their host rock. Wide ranges in concentration of these elements and distinct inter- element fractionation trends exist across the four vein zones. The behavior of Th closely reflects that of P, Ti, Nb, and heavy REE, but was distinct from that of U, Zr and light REE (La to Sm). The presence and composition of refractory minerals such as zirconolite, betafite, uraninite, thorianite, baddeleyite, rutile, allanite, and aeschynite provide evidence for the transport of Ti, Zr, Nb, REE, and actinides by a fluid, which was further characterized by a low pH and high contents of F, P, Cl and H2S. Thermodynamic analysis of these veins indicates that they were formed at 550-600°C, 200 MPa total pressure, and from a fluid derived from the tonalite. Mineralogical and textural observations suggest that crystallization of the refractory minerals was in part induced by precipitation of fluorapatite and sulfides. The geochemical data further indicate that precipitation of light REE was induced by the fluid/wall-rock interaction which led to a significant dilution of the fluid by CO2. The studied veins provide an example of high- temperature transport of actinides and REE in the Earth's crust and show that these elements can be precipitated from a fluid and subsequently immobilized by zirconolite and betafite, two important actinide hosts in ceramic nuclear waste forms.
Cesium and Lead Uptake by CSH Phases of Hydrated Cement
Authors: Pointeau I. , Marmier N. , Fromage F. , Fedoroff M. , Giffaut E. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTAs Kd from radwaste elements in concrete systems show a wide range of values, a modelling of cesium and lead immobilization in Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH, xCaO.SiO2.H2O, with 0.7 (aged cements)<Ca/Si<1.8 (fresh cements)) matrix has been developed. This model accounts for radwaste surface binding mechanisms on silanol sites (>SiOH) and precipitation equilibria. Values of Kd from cesium and lead in CSH matrix can thus be calculated with Ca/Si evolution and ionic strength effect. Predictive calculations have been carried out with success with different Ca/Si ratios, ionic strengths and liquid/solid ratios, and results are well superimposed with experimental isotherm data. If the CSH really allow accounting for the radwaste behavior in hydrated cement matrices, this model can be used in safety assessment calculations, with varying pH and [Ca2+] as cement degradation state parameters.
Performance of Matrix Representation with Parsimony for Inferring Species from Gene Trees
Authors: Wang Yuancheng , Degnan James H 
Published: May 2011

Phylogenomic datasets often contain sequence alignments on different subsets of taxa for different genes. A major goal of phylogenetics is often to combine estimated gene trees from many loci into an overall estimate of a species tree. When data are missing for some combinations of genes and taxa, supertree methods can be used to combine gene trees on different subsets of taxa into an overall tree. However, studies of the performance of supertree methods when gene tree conflict is due to incomplete lineage sorting are needed to understand their statistical properties in this setting.We find that Matrix Representation with Parsimony (MRP), the most commonly used supertree method, can in many cases infer the species tree in spite of high levels of conflict in the input gene trees. However, for some species trees with short branches, MRP can be increasingly likely to return a tree other than the species tree as the number of loci increases. In some cases, deleting taxa at random or using estimated (rather than known) gene trees can either improve or hinder MRP for recovering the species tree.Although MRP is able to handle large amounts of conflict in the input gene trees, MRP is not statistically consistent for estimating species trees when gene trees arise under the multispecies coalescent model. However, triplet MRP is statistically consistent in this setting.
On the Economics of Climate Policy
Authors: Becker Gary S. , Murphy Kevin M. , Topel Robert H. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We analyze the central features of economic policies to mitigate climate change. The basic structure of Pigouvian “carbon pricing” is shown to follow from a standard Hotelling problem for the intertemporal pricing of an exhaustible resource. We extend this analysis to consider the strength and timing of research incentives, the costs of implementation delay and the impact of anticipated future technologies on current carbon prices. We study a variety of issues related to the valuation of climate investments, including uncertainty as to the future timing and distribution of climate impacts and the appropriate social rate of discount for valuing policies. Under reasonable circumstances the insurance properties of climate investments may warrant unusually low discount rates. We use the same framework to argue that policy makers in developing countries will discount the expected returns from climate investments more heavily, because such investments have weaker insurance value in the developing world.
Cross-Talk Between Interferon-γ and Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Adipogenesis
Authors: Todoric Jelena , Strobl Birgit , Jais Alexander , Boucheron Nicole , Bayer Martina , Amann Sabine , Lindroos Josefine , Teperino Raffaele , Prager Gerhard , Bilban Martin , Ellmeier Wilfried , Krempler Franz , Müller Mathias , Wagner Oswald , Patsch Wolfgang , Pospisilik J. Andrew , Esterbauer Harald 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
T cells and level of the cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) are increased in adipose tissue in obesity. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been shown to potently inhibit white adipocyte differentiation. In light of recent findings in neurons that IFN-γ and Hh signaling cross-talk, we examined their potential interaction in the context of adipogenesis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used Hh reporter cells, cell lines, and primary adipocyte differentiation models to explore costimulation of IFN-γ and Hh signaling. Genetic dissection using Ifngr1−/− and Stat1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and ultimately, anti–IFN-γ neutralization and expression profiling in obese mice and humans, respectively, were used to place the findings into the in vivo context.

RESULTS
T-cell supernatants directly inhibited hedgehog signaling in reporter and 3T3-L1 cells. Intriguingly, using blocking antibodies, Ifngr1−/− and Stat1−/− cells, and simultaneous activation of Hh and IFN-γ signaling, we showed that IFN-γ directly suppresses Hh stimulation, thus rescuing adipogenesis. We confirmed our findings using primary mouse and primary human (pre)adipocytes. Importantly, robust opposing signals for Hh and T-cell pathways in obese human adipose expression profiles and IFN-γ depletion in mice identify the system as intact in adipose tissue in vivo.

CONCLUSIONS
These results identify a novel antagonistic cross-talk between IFN-γ and Hh signaling in white adipose tissue and demonstrate IFN-γ as a potent inhibitor of Hh signaling.
Effect of Reynolds and Prandtl Numbers on Mixed Convection in an Obstructed Vented Cavity
Authors: Rahman M. M. , Billah M. M. , Alim M. A. 
Published: May 2011

A numerical investigation is conducted to analyze the steady flow and thermal fields as well as heat transfer characteristics in a vented square cavity with a built-in heat conducting horizontal solid circular obstruction. Hydrodynamic behavior, thermal characteristics and heat transfer results are obtained by solving the couple of Navier-Stokes and energy equations by using a weighted residuals Finite element method. The computation was made for different Reynolds number, Prandtl number ranging from 50 to 200 and from 0.71 to 7.1 at the three different convective regimes. Three different regimes are observed with increasing Ri: forced convection (with negligible free convection), mixed convection (comparable free and forced convection) and free convection dominated region (with higher free convection). The results are presented to show the effects of the Reynolds number, Prandtl number on flow pattern, thermal field and heat transfer characteristics at the three convective regimes. It is found that the flow and thermal field strongly depend on the Reynolds number, Prandtl number as well as Richardson number. As the Reynolds number and Prandtl number increase, the heat transfer rate increases but average fluid temperature in the cavity and temperature at the cylinder center decrease at the three convective regimes.Keywords: Mixed convection; Finite element method; Obstructed vented cavity; Prandtl number.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.4344 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 271-281 (2011)
Biotransformation of 11-ketoprogesterone by Filamentous Fungus, <i>Fusarium lini</i>
Authors: Al-Maruf M. A. , Khan N. T. , Saki M. A. A. , Choudhary M. I. , Ali M. U. , Islam M. A. 
Published: May 2011

Microbial transformation of 11-ketoprogesterone (1) by the filamentous fungi Fusarium lini was investigated. Biotransformation of 1 with F. lini resulted in the production of ten oxidative metabolites (2-11). Structures of these metabolites were deduced by spectroscopic analysis and seven of them, 5-11, were found to be new metabolites.Keywords: 11-Ketoprogesterone; Steroid; Microbial transformation; Hydroxylation; Filamentous fungi; Fusarium lini.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v2i2.6221 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 347-356 (2011)
On Study of Vertex Labeling of Graph Operations
Authors: Rajan M. A. , Kembhavimath N. M. , Lokesha V. 
Published: May 2011

Vertices of the graphs are labeled from the set of natural numbers from 1 to the order of the given graph. Vertex adjacency label set (AVLS) is the set of ordered pair of vertices and its corresponding label of the graph. A notion of vertex adjacency label number (VALN) is introduced in this paper. For each VLS, VLN of graph is the sum of labels of all the adjacent pairs of the vertices of the graph. is the maximum number among all the VALNs of the different labeling of the graph and the corresponding VALS is defined as maximal vertex adjacency label set . In this paper for different graph operations are discussed. Keywords: Subdivision; Graph labeling; Direct sum; Direct product.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i26222 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 291-301 (2011)
Production of <sup>128</sup>I Atoms through <sup>127</sup>I (n,&gamma;) <sup>128</sup>I Reactions in some Solid Iodocompounds using an (<sup>241</sup>Am-Be) Neutron Source
Authors: Zaman M. R. , Hossain M. A. , Sarkar M. J. A. 
Published: May 2011

Present work reports the production of 128I atoms through 127I (n,g) 128I reactions in six iodine containing compounds (viz. NaI, NaIO3, NaIO4, KI, KIO3 and KIO4) in solid state. An 241Am-Be neutron source has been used for the production of 128 I atoms. The radioactivities produced have been measured by a thin end-window G.M. Counter. The irradiation time and counting geometry were constant throughout the present sets of experiments. Results obtained have been analyzed through time-decay analyses. From the decay curves, the half life of 128I has been estimated ~25 minutes. The average zero time activities of 128I from three independent measurements in each of NaI, NaIO3.H2O, NaIO4, KI, KIO3 and KIO4 target, have been found 116 ± 2, 92 ± 4, 88 ± 6, 102 ± 6, 98 ± 1 and 93 ± 5 cpm respectively. It is interesting to note that the activities show a decreasing trend while passing through either from NaI to NaIO4 or from KI to KIO4. Results are attributed to the quantity of 128I produced in a specified volume element and, self absorption and self scattering of radiations within the target compounds studied. Keywords: Iodocompounds; 128I; 241Am-Be neutron source; Chemical effects of nuclear transformation.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6385 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 357-366 (2011)
Phytochemical and Hypoglycemic Evaluation of <i>Alangium Salviifolium</i> Root Extract
Authors: A. Ahad H. , S Padmaja B. , P Yesupadam , P Guruprakash , M Sravanthi , P Ramyasree 
Published: May 2011

.The main purpose of present study was to perform phytochemical screening and explore the anti-hyperglycaemic properties of Alangium salvifolium root extract in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. A. salvifolium root gave maximum extractive values of 6.4 % w/w with Ethanol and other parameters were within limits. The extract gave positive tests for phytosterols, triterpenes, flavonoids, carbohydrates and alkaloids. The ethanolic extract of A. salvifolium was found to be nearly as potent as tolbutamide in decreasing the blood glucose levels in normal fasting rats. In normal control group the percent reduction in blood glucose indicated that the extract is fast acting. The extract showed significant decrease in blood glucose, when compared with tolbutamide. The evaluated blood glucose levels in alloxan induced diabetic rats were significantly decreased up to 24th h compared to tolbutamide. A single oral administration of alcoholic extract at doses 100, 250 and 500 mg per kg produced a significant blood glucose reduction in a dose dependent manner in normal and diabetic rats. These data confirm the hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperglycaemic effect of alcoholic extract of A. salvifolium root in normal and diabetic rats respectively when compared with standard drug tolbutamide.Keywords: Alangium salvifolium; Ethanolic extract; Alloxan induced; Hypoglycaemic action.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7047 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 393-402 (2011)
Eigen Spectra for q-Deformed Hyperbolic Scarf Potential Including a Coulomb-like Tensor Interaction
Authors: Eshghi M. , Mehraban H. 
Published: May 2011

We study the Dirac equation for the q-deformed hyperbolic Scarf potential including a coulomb-like tensor potential under the spin symmetry. The parametric generalization of the Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used to obtain the energy eigenvalues equation and the unnormalized wave functins.Keywords: Dirac equation; q-deformed hyperbolic Scarf; Spin symmetry; Tensor coupling.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7295 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 239-247 (2011)
Molecular systematics of the parasitic genus Conopholis (Orobanchaceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear sequences
Authors: Rodrigues Anuar G. , Colwell Alison E.L. , Stefanović Saša 
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the study: Little is known of the evolutionary relationships within Conopholis, a small holoparasitic genus belonging to the broomrape family. Presently, Conopholis is described as having two species, C. americana and C. alpina. This classification is based on a combination of presence/absence of morphological characters along with a number of quantitative traits. We assessed the relationships among populations and species of this genus to determine whether the present taxonomic hypothesis is reflected in molecular phylogenies.• Methods: We conducted the first phylogenetic study of Conopholis using plastid (trnfM‐E intergenic spacer and clpP gene/introns) and nuclear (PHYA intron 1) sequences from a wide taxonomic sampling covering its entire geographical range in North America. Analyses were carried out using a variety of phylogenetic inference approaches.• Key results: Reciprocal monophyly between the two traditionally accepted species has not yet been achieved. Instead, three distinct genetic clusters were recovered. Conopholis alpina is clearly paraphyletic and shows evidence of belonging to at least two distinct lineages. Specimens found in Costa Rica and Panama form a distinct group from those located in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. The monophyly of C. americana was also not recovered; however, the possibility of it being monophyletic could not be rejected with confidence.• Conclusions: These analyses recovered three distinct lineages indicating that there could be a minimum of three species within the genus. A reevaluation of morphological features within Conopholis may reveal shared features that could further corroborate our molecular findings.
Identification and characterization of 12 microsatellite loci in Cnidium dubium (Apiaceae) using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Michalczyk Inga M. , Schumacher Claudia , Mengel Christina , Leyer Ilona , Liepelt Sascha 
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the study: We present a set of 12 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci, identified for the first time within the herbaceous plant species Cnidium dubium (Schkuhr) Thell. using next‐generation sequencing.• Methods and Results: To characterize these loci, 40 plants were analyzed genetically. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 23, with an average of 8.3 alleles per locus. Mean observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.25 to 0.95 and 0.30 to 0.94, respectively.• Conclusions: All 12 nuclear microsatellite loci showed scorable and polymorphic fragments after polymerase chain reaction. The new marker set can be used for future studies of genetic diversity and differentiation as well as estimation of gene flow and spatial genetic structures.
Microsatellite markers for the high Andean species Schizanthus hookeri and S. grahamii (Solanaceae)
Authors: Pérez Fernanda , Spencer Patricio , Cienfuegos Alejandra , Suárez Lorena 
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the study: Seven microsatellite loci were developed for the two closely related high Andean species Schizanthus hookeri and S. grahamii. These species are annual to biannual herbs with zygomorphic and showy flowers that differ in floral morphology, autonomous selfing capacity, and in the identities of major flower visitors.• Methods and Results: Polymorphisms were evaluated in a total of 45 plants, including individuals from two populations of S. grahamii and one population of S. hookeri. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to nine in each population. We also tested these loci for cross‐amplification in another seven species of the genus. Four primer pairs amplified in these seven species.• Conclusions: Characterized microsatellites are conserved in the closely related species S. hookeri and S. grahamii, and they have enough polymorphism to be used in future studies of their mating systems and genetic structure.
« Sur le bord du monde »
Authors: Di Rocco Vincent 
Published: May 2011

Résumé À travers le cas de Émétério, jeune schizophrène photographe de talent, l’auteur souhaite montrer l’importance des liens entre les impasses de la subjectivation du processus adolescent et l’émergence d’états psychotiques au sortir de cette période de l’existence. Dans le cadre psychothérapique, le travail artistique et le travail du rêve se rejoignent dans une tentative de représentation réflexive des processus psychiques en échec. L’analyse clinique porte plus spécifiquement sur la dialectique des processus dits « limites », oscillant entre création et effacement des limites différenciatrices en lien avec les hypothèses de G. Lavallée sur la rupture de la boucle réflexive contenante et subjectivante de la vision. L’auteur fait aussi l’hypothèse que les destins de ce travail de construction et de déconstruction suscitent un intérêt particulier des adultes à propos des rapports que tisse l’adolescent avec la création et la mort.
The Terms Occupation and Activity Over the History of Official Occupational Therapy Publications
Authors: Bauerschmidt Bree , Nelson David L. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The history of articles in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy and its predecessors reflects trends and changes in professional terminology and the thoughts underlying that terminology. In this study, we investigate use of occupation, activity, and related terms across 9 decades of occupational therapy literature from the 1920s to the 2000s. The literature for 3 years of each of the 9 decades was scanned electronically. A random numbers table was used to equalize the number of words across decades, and a computer search function was used to determine each term’s frequency of use for each decade. Results indicated that the term occupation was widely used in the 1920s but then declined until the 1980s. With a rapid increase in use in the 2000s, the term occupation actually appeared more often than it did in the 1920s. The term activity appeared infrequently in the 1920s but gained popularity from the 1930s to the 1960s. From the 1970s to the 1990s, the use of both terms was quite low. This study shows that basic occupational therapy terminology has fluctuated dramatically over time. Given the essential link between terminology and theory, these changes arguably reflect authors’ and editors’ changing viewpoints on the profession’s fundamental nature.
Randomized Controlled Pilot Study of an Occupational Time-Use Intervention for People With Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Edgelow Megan , Krupa Terry 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We assessed the efficacy and clinical utility of a new occupational time-use intervention, Action Over Inertia, designed to improve occupational balance and engagement among community-dwelling people with serious mental illness.
METHOD. Using a randomized controlled design, we assigned 24 participants to an intervention group or standard care group. Participants were community-dwelling people with serious mental illness receiving assertive community treatment services. Data on time use, occupational balance, and engagement were collected and compared at baseline and 12-wk posttest.
RESULTS. Eighteen participants completed the pilot study. Treatment group participants increased their occupational balance by spending an average of 47 min more per day in activity than the control group (p = .05). Differences in occupational engagement were not shown, but evidence of clinical utility was found.
CONCLUSION. This pilot study of Action Over Inertia has shown evidence of efficacy and clinical utility.
Cognitive Predictors of Life Skill Intervention Outcomes for Adults With Mental Illness at Risk for Homelessness
Authors: Helfrich Christine A. , Chan Dara V. , Sabol Peggy 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We investigated the effectiveness of a life skills intervention for people with mental illness who have been homeless.
METHOD. In this longitudinal outcomes study, we used Situated Learning Theory (Lave & Wenger, 1991) to provide group and individual sessions to 38 participants from two housing programs after completing baseline Allen Cognitive Level Screen–2000 (ACLS–2000; Allen Conferences, 2000) and Practical Skills Tests (PSTs). Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects regression models.
RESULTS. The PST scores of participants with higher ACLS–2000 scores significantly increased over time (food management, p = .021; money management, p = .039; safe community participation, p = .02). Participants with lower ACLS–2000 scores demonstrated an even greater change over time.
CONCLUSION. Most participants, including those with lower ACLS–2000 scores, improved and retained life skills knowledge over time, challenging the premise that people with mental illness should be excluded from mixed-level group interventions.