bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizational Culture and Its Relationship with Hospital Performance in Public Hospitals in China
Authors: Zhou Ping , Bundorf Kate , Le Chang Ji , Huang Jin Xin , Xue Di 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveTo measure perceptions of organizational culture among employees of public hospitals in China and to determine whether perceptions are associated with hospital performance.Data SourcesHospital, employee, and patient surveys from 87 Chinese public hospitals conducted during 2009.Study DesignDeveloped and administered a tool to assess organizational culture in Chinese public hospitals. Used factor analysis to create measures of organizational culture. Analyzed the relationships between employee type and perceptions of culture and between perceptions of culture and hospital performance using multivariate models.Principal FindingsEmployees perceived the culture of Chinese public hospitals as stronger in internal rules and regulations, and weaker in empowerment. Hospitals in which employees perceived that the culture emphasized cost control were more profitable and had higher rates of outpatient visits and bed days per physician per day but also had lower levels of patient satisfaction. Hospitals with cultures perceived as customer‐focused had longer length of stay but lower patient satisfaction.ConclusionsManagers in Chinese public hospitals should consider whether the culture of their organization will enable them to respond effectively to their changing environment.
Fatigue Resistance and Microleakage of CAD/CAM Ceramic and Composite Molar Crowns
Authors: Kassem Amr S. , Atta Osama , El‐Mowafy Omar 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine effect of compressive cyclic loading on fatigue resistance and microleakage of monolithic CAD/CAM molar ceramic and composite crowns.Materials and Methods: Thirty‐two extracted molars were prepared to receive CEREC crowns according to manufacturer's guidelines using a special paralleling device (Parallel‐A‐Prep). Sixteen feldspathic ceramic crowns (VITABLOCS Mark II) (VMII) and 16 resin‐composite crowns (Paradigm‐MZ100 blocks) (PMZ) were milled using a CEREC‐3D machine. Eight crowns of each group were cemented to their respective teeth using self‐etching resin cement (Panavia‐F‐2.0) (PAN), and eight were cemented using self‐adhesive resin cement (RelyX‐Unicem‐Clicker) (RXU). Following storage for 1 week in water, specimens were subjected to uniaxial compressive cyclic loading in an Instron testing machine at 12 Hz for 1,000,000 cycles. Load was applied at the central fossa, and the cycle range was 60–600 N. Specimens were then subjected to microleakage testing. Data were statistically analyzed using factorial ANOVA and Post Hoc (Tukey HSD) tests.Results: All composite crowns survived compressive cyclic loading without fracture, while three ceramic crowns from the subgroup cemented with RXU developed surface cracks at the center of occlusal surfaces, extending laterally. Microleakage scores of ceramic crowns cemented with PAN were significantly lower than those of the other three subgroups (p < 0.05).Conclusions: After 1,000,000 cycles of compressive cyclic loading, PMZ composite molar crowns were more fatigue‐resistant than VMII ceramic crowns. Cement type had a significant effect on fatigue resistance of the ceramic crowns but not the composite ones. Microleakage scores of ceramic crowns cemented with PAN were significantly lower than those of the other subgroups (p < 0.05).
Stimulating Upstream Engagement: An Experimental Study of Nanotechnology Information Seeking
Authors: Xenos Michael A. , Becker Amy B. , Anderson Ashley A. , Brossard Dominique , Scheufele Dietram A. 
Published: October 2011

ObjectivesThe current study examines upstream engagement initiatives using the issue of nanotechnology as a case study.MethodsA series of logistic and OLS regression analyses explore data from a laboratory experiment on information‐seeking behavior, knowledge, and willingness to engage with the issue of nanotechnology in the future.ResultsOur results fail to offer evidence of positive relationships between anticipated discussion and learning and the willingness to engage with the issue of nanotechnology in the future. In addition, our results show that anticipated discussion with opposing others actually encourages individuals to seek out an editorial or opinion piece first as opposed to a news item.ConclusionOur findings point toward important variations in the kinds of information‐seeking behaviors likely to emerge from different conditions under which individuals may be motivated to learn more about emerging science issues, and provide practical insights into which kinds of information‐seeking behaviors are most conducive to knowledge gain and issue engagement.
Contextual Predictors of Cumulative Biological Risk: Segregation and Allostatic Load
Authors: Bellatorre Anna , Finch Brian K. , Phuong Do D. , Bird Chloe E. , Beck Audrey N. 
Published: October 2011

ObjectivesSegregation is considered to be a fundamental cause of race/ethnic disparities in health. However, very few studies have tested whether levels of segregation are related to health outcomes using multilevel data and appropriate methodologies. In this study, we investigate the relationships between two distinct dimensions of segregation and allostatic load to determine whether the experiences of individuals in segregated neighborhoods are related to allostatic load as a possible predisease indicator.MethodsTo test our hypotheses, we utilized publicly available data from theNationalHealth andNutritionExaminationSurveyIII, 1988–1994. We utilized random‐intercept hierarchical generalized Poisson regression models to conduct our multivariate analyses.ResultsWe find that inflammatory response is related to both the evenness and exposure domains of segregation. That is, both the unequal distribution of minority groups over areal units as well as the degree of potential contact between minority and majority group members are related to these predisease pathways.ConclusionsIn this study, we build on prior research byMassey (2004) to investigate the relationships between two distinct dimensions of segregation and allostatic load. Our results indicate that segregation is a significant predictor of allostatic load, net of individual‐level characteristics.
Timing of Early Invasive Intervention in Patients with Moderate to High Risk Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: JIANG MENG , HE BEN , ZHANG QI 
Published: October 2011

Background:

Although international guidelines recommend an early invasive intervention for the treatment of patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the optimal timing of this intervention remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the best time period for an early invasive intervention in ACS patients.
Methods:

Literature searches for controlled trials on ACS (1970–Sep. 2010) were conducted. Patients with moderate to high risk of ACS sent to the catheterization laboratory within 72 hours of admission/symptom onset were analyzed. The major outcome was the rate of death or recurrent myocardial infarction (re‐MI).
Results:

A total of 10 trials with 39,453 patients were eligible. Intervention performed within 24–48 hours was associated with a significantly lower death or re‐MI rate compared with intervention after 48 hours (odds ratio [OR] 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52–0.79; P < 0.0001). Death or re‐MI was also reduced in the 12–24 hour group relative to the 24–48 hour group (8.4% vs. 10.8%; OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.75–0.97; P = 0.01). Performing angiography within <12 hours provided no benefit over 12–24 hours (P > 0.05). Interestingly, intervention before 3 hours was associated with a higher rate of death or re‐MI compared with intervention within 3–48 hours (P = 0.0008).
Conclusions:

Intervention following ACS should be undertaken within 24 hours; however, immediate (<3 hours) angiography does not provide any benefit and may even be harmful. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:10–18)
Survey of the Efficacy of a Short Fragment of the rbcL Gene as a Supplemental DNA Barcode for Diatoms
Authors: MacGillivary Michael L. , Kaczmarska Irena 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDNA barcoding is a tool that uses a short, standard segment of DNA to identify organisms. In diatoms, a consensus on an appropriate DNA barcode has not been reached, but several markers show promise. These include the 5.8S gene plus a fragment of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS‐2) of nuclear‐encoded ribosomal RNA, a 420‐bp segment of the 18S rRNA gene, and a 748‐bp fragment at the 3′‐end of the ribulose bisophosphate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL) gene. Here, we tested a 540‐bp fragment 417‐bp downstream of the start codon of the rbcL gene for its efficacy in distinguishing diatom species in a wide range of taxa. Overall, 381 sequences representing 66 genera and 245 species from the classes Mediophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were examined. Intra/interspecific thresholds were set at p = 0.01 differences per site (diff./site) for Mediophyceae and p = 0.02 diff./site for Bacillariophyceae and correctly segregated 96% and 93% of morphological congeners, respectively. When testing reproductively isolated or biological species, which are only available from Bacillariophyceae, 80% of species were discriminated. Therefore, we concluded that, alone, the rbcL region tested herein as potential a DNA barcode was not a sufficient discriminator of all diatoms. We suggest that this fragment could be used in a dual‐locus barcode with the more variable 5.8S+ITS‐2 to discriminate species without sufficient interspecific divergences in the tested rbcL region and to provide insight into species identity from a separately evolved genome.
Colloidal Processing of Macroporous TiO2 Materials for Photocatalytic Water Treatment
Authors: Natoli Alejandro , Cabeza Aurelio , De La Torre Ángeles G. , Aranda Miguel A. G. , Santacruz Isabel 
Published: October 2011

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is considered one of the most attractive materials during the last decades due to its scientific and technological importance as photocatalyst. There are many reports dealing with several ways of processing TiO2 powders (coatings, tapes, and bulk sinters) and their photocatalytic characterization. However, very little research effort has been devoted to the preparation of macroporous TiO2 ceramics. This work deals with the colloidal processing of TiO2 powders to fabricate porous materials with tailored open macroporosity by direct foaming through gelcasting with polysaccharides. The obtained samples have been characterized through density, microstructure, porosimetry and photocatalytic studies. The effect of the processing parameters: suspension solid loading (20–65 wt%), viscosity, initial particle size (submicrometer and nano‐sized), tensoactive type (cationic, anionic, and non‐ionic), tensoactive content (0.1–1 wt%), and sintering temperature (1000°C–1400°C) onto the properties of the final samples is reported and discussed. Tailored macroporous samples with open porosity (up to 88 vol%) were obtained and they could be used as multifunctional filters with photocatalytic activity for water treatment under UV irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of the final samples depends on the porosity properties, tensoactive content and grain size.
Dumb Barter: A Seminal Form of Negotiation
Authors: Faure Guy Olivier 
Published: October 2011

Negotiation requires communication, but not necessarily verbal exchanges. Adjustments can be achieved incrementally by other means. This article will examine how some parties have managed to strike a deal in situations characterized by total distrust and even hostility, asymmetric power relations, major cultural differences, extreme logistical difficulties in reaching the place in which the trade is to be made, and several additional process risks by employing a type of bargaining known as “dumb barter.”This process presents a distinct paradigm with a specific and unique rationale. Sometimes called “silent trade,” it has been observed in many places (especially West Africa) for more than two millennia. It may well be the oldest form of trade negotiation and is still practiced in some parts of the world. An examination of this unlikely but real and effective process can also provide negotiation theorists with some useful insights into the fundamental nature of negotiation.
MicroRNA expression in formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded tissue using real time quantitative PCR: the strengths and pitfalls
Authors: Dijkstra J. R. , Mekenkamp L. J. M. , Teerenstra S. , De Krijger I. , Nagtegaal I. D. 
Published: October 2011

Introduction
RNA isolation from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue
RNA quality control
cDNA synthesis
Real Time Quantitative PCR
Reference genes
Data analysis
Conclusions
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non‐coding RNAs with a huge impact in a wide range of biological processes, including cancer. The evidence collected to date demonstrates that miRNAs represent valid diagnostic, prognostic and predictive markers in cancer. The identification of these miRNA biomarkers in archived tissues has been facilitated by novel development and refinement of detection methodologies. Quantitative real‐time reverse‐transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) is one of the most common methods used to detect low levels of miRNAs with high sensitivity and specificity. However, several technical parameters should be identified and optimized in order to obtain meaningful and reproducible results. The purpose of this review is to describe some of these technical parameters and improve the validity and reliability of miRNA expression studies.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for post‐myocardial infarction cardiac repair: microRNAs as novel regulators
Authors: Wen Zhuzhi , Zheng Shaoxin , Zhou Changqing , Yuan Woliang , Wang Jingfeng , Wang Tong 
Published: October 2011

Introduction
MiRNAs and MSC differentiation into cardiovascular cells
MiRNAs and MSC‐mediated paracrine effects
MiRNAs and MSC‐mediated other potential effects
Preconditioning MSCs with MiRNAs as therapeutic perspectives
Future directions and concluding remarks
Transplantation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is safe and may improve cardiac function and structural remodelling in patients following myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiovascular cell differentiation and paracrine effects to promote endogenous cardiac regeneration, neovascularization, anti‐inflammation, anti‐apoptosis, anti‐remodelling and cardiac contractility, may contribute to MSC‐based cardiac repair following MI. However, current evidence indicates that the efficacy of MSC transplantation was unsatisfactory, due to the poor viability and massive death of the engrafted MSCs in the infarcted myocardium. MicroRNAs are short endogenous, conserved, non‐coding RNAs and important regulators involved in numerous facets of cardiac pathophysiologic processes. There is an obvious involvement of microRNAs in almost every facet of putative repair mechanisms of MSC‐based therapy in MI, such as stem cell differentiation, neovascularization, apoptosis, cardiac remodelling, cardiac contractility and arrhythmias, and others. It is proposed that therapeutic modulation of individual cardiovascular microRNA of MSCs, either mimicking or antagonizing microRNA actions, will hopefully enhance MSC therapeutic efficacy. In addition, MSCs may be manipulated to enhance functional microRNA expression or to inhibit aberrant microRNA levels in a paracrine manner. We hypothesize that microRNAs may be used as novel regulators in MSC‐based therapy in MI and MSC transplantation by microRNA regulation may represent promising therapeutic strategy for MI patients in the future.
Evaluating TIMP‐1, Ki67, and HER2 as markers for non‐sentinel node metastases in breast cancer patients with micrometastases to the sentinel node
Authors: TVEDSKOV TOVE FILTENBORG , BARTELS ANNETTE , JENSEN MAJ‐BRITT , PAASCHBURG BIRGITTE , KROMAN NIELS , BALSLEV EVA , BRÜNNER NILS 
Published: October 2011

Tvedskov TF, Bartels A, Jensen M‐B, Paaschburg B, Kroman N, Balslev E, Brünner N. Evaluating TIMP‐1, Ki67 and HER2 as markers for non‐sentinel node metastases in breast cancer patients with micrometastases to the sentinel node. APMIS 2011; 119: 844–52.The aim was to investigate whether the biochemical prognostic markers TIMP‐1, Ki67, and HER2 could predict metastatic spread to non‐sentinel nodes (NSN) in breast cancer patients with micrometastases to sentinel node (SN). We included all breast cancer patients with micrometastases to SN operated between 2001 and 2007 at the Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital. The study was designed as a matched case–control study with 25 cases with micrometastases to SN and, in addition, metastatic spread to NSN and 50 matched controls with micrometastases to SN, but without NSN metastases. Patient and tumor characteristics were retrieved from the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group database. Immunohistochemical analyses of TIMP‐1 and Ki67 and measurements of HER2 on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor tissue were performed. No significant differences in the immunoreactivity of TIMP‐1 and Ki67 were found between patients with and without NSN metastases. Six of seven HER2 positive patients did not have NSN metastases, but the results did not reach statistical significance. Despite being prognostic markers in breast cancer, TIMP‐1 and Ki67 could not predict NSN metastases in women with micrometastatic disease to SN. Larger studies are needed to further validate HER2 as a marker for NSN metastases in these patients.
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis – achievements and prospective advances
Authors: BATOULIS HELENA , RECKS MASCHA S. , ADDICKS KLAUS , KUERTEN STEFANIE 
Published: October 2011

Batoulis H, Recks MS, Addicks K, Kuerten S. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis – achievements and prospective advances. APMIS 2011; 119: 819–30.Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the CNS. Different subtypes of the disease have been noted, and characterized by distinct clinical courses and histopathologic manifestations. The most intensively studied animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), classically leads to deficits in motor functions, and is mediated by T helper cells. Recently, TH17 cells were ascribed an even greater pathogenic impact than TH1 cells, but new findings render this view controversial. Although classic EAE has been an invaluable tool, it does not cover the entire pathogenic entity of MS. Especially B‐cell contribution and autoantibody‐dependence are not mirrored adequately: therefore, new B‐cell‐dependent models, such as MP4‐induced EAE, have been introduced. Furthermore, certain symptoms and the spontaneous onset of MS are not featured in classic EAE. Herein, atypical and spontaneous EAE models can be used for investigation of common symptoms, such as tremor and ataxia, as well as spontaneous disease development. MS displays a marked inter‐individual heterogeneity, and no single model will be able to cover all features. Thus, depending on the objective of one’s study, the appropriate EAE model has to be carefully chosen. In addition, refined models should be designed to gain a more complete understanding of MS.
A mathematical approach to the optimal examination of lymph nodes
Authors: AHN CHI YOUNG , KIM SE HOON , JANG SEON JUNG , HONG SOON WON , KIM HYUNKI , LIM BEOM JIN 
Published: October 2011

Ahn CY, Kim SH, Jang SJ, Hong SW, Kim H, Lim BJ. A mathematical approach to the optimal examination of lymph nodes. APMIS 2011; 119: 868–76.There is no scientific evidence to support the idea that serial sectioning along the short axis of the lymph node is superior to a single bisection along the long axis. We mathematically evaluated methods of lymph node dissection and applied the result to six lymph nodes that had produced false negative results at the time of frozen examination. We simplified the geometry of a lymph node to that of a three‐dimensional ellipse and compared two different cutting methods. Let A be the cross‐sectional area obtained through a single bisection along the long axis, and let B be the sum of the cross‐sectional areas of n fragments obtained via serial cutting along the short axis. The smallest n (n*) that makes a B larger than A can be calculated. (, the smallest integer greater than or equal to α; L, long axis; S, short axis). The probabilities of tumor detection when the node is bisected along the long axis (P(DA|E)) and when serially cut along the short axis (P(DB|E)) are as follows. and (T, size of the tumor cell cluster). According to these formulas, three out of six lymph nodes were not examined in the most appropriate manner.
A network approach to orthodontic diagnosis
Authors: Auconi P , Caldarelli G , Scala A , Ierardo G , Polimeni A 
Published: October 2011

To cite this article: Auconi P, Caldarelli G, Scala A, Ierardo G, Polimeni A:  A network approach to orthodontic diagnosis  Orthod Craniofac Res2011;14: 189–197Structured AbstractAuthors – Auconi P, Caldarelli G, Scala A, Ierardo G, Polimeni ABackground – Network analysis, a recent advancement in complexity science, enables understanding of the properties of complex biological processes characterized by the interaction, adaptive regulation, and coordination of a large number of participating components.Objective – We applied network analysis to orthodontics to detect and visualize the most interconnected clinical, radiographic, and functional data pertaining to the orofacial system.Materials and Methods – The sample consisted of 104 individuals from 7 to 13 years of age in the mixed dentition phase without previous orthodontic intervention. The subjects were divided according to skeletal class; their clinical, radiographic, and functional features were represented as vertices (nodes) and links (edges) connecting them.Results – Class II subjects exhibited few highly connected orthodontic features (hubs), while Class III patients showed a more compact network structure characterized by strong co‐occurrence of normal and abnormal clinical, functional, and radiological features. Restricting our analysis to the highest correlations, we identified critical peculiarities of Class II and Class III malocclusions.Conclusions – The topology of the dentofacial system obtained by network analysis could allow orthodontists to visually evaluate and anticipate the co‐occurrence of auxological anomalies during individual craniofacial growth and possibly localize reactive sites for a therapeutic approach to malocclusion.