bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of composite circulating biomarker models for use in anticancer drug clinical development
Authors: Lancashire Lee J. , Roberts Darren L. , Dive Caroline , Renehan Andrew G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe development of informative composite circulating biomarkers predicting cancer presence or therapy response is clinically attractive but optimal approaches to modeling are as yet unclear. This study investigated multidimensional relationships within an example panel of serum insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) peptides using logistic regression (LR), fractional polynomial (FP), regression, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SVMs) to derive predictive models for colorectal cancer (CRC). Two phase 2 biomarker validation analyses were performed: controls were ambulant adults (n = 722); cases were: (i) CRC patients (n = 100) and (ii) patients with acromegaly (n = 52), the latter as “positive” discriminators. Serum IGF‐I, IGF‐II, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)‐2 and ‐3 were measured. Discriminatory characteristics were compared within and between models. For the LR, FP and ANN models, and to a lesser extent SVMs, the addition of covariates at several steps improved discrimination characteristics. The optimum biomarker combination discriminating CRC vs. controls was achieved using ANN models [sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 90%; accuracy, 0.975 (95% CIs: 0.948 1.000)]. ANN modeling significantly outperformed LR, FP and SVM in terms of discrimination (p < 0.0001) and calibration. The acromegaly analysis demonstrated expected high performance characteristics in the ANN model [accuracy, 0.993 (95% CIs: 0.977, 1.000)]. Curved decision surfaces generated from the ANNs revealed the potential clinical utility. This example demonstrated improved discriminatory characteristics within the composite biomarker ANN model and a final model that outperformed the three other models. This modeling approach forms the basis to evaluate composite biomarkers as pharmacological and predictive biomarkers in future clinical trials.
On the sensitivity of forward scattering patterns from bacterial colonies to media composition
Authors: Bae Euiwon , Aroonnual Amornrat , Bhunia Arun K. , Hirleman E. Daniel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMorphology of colonies is important for taxonomy and diagnostics in microbiology where the response to environmental factors is sensitive enough to support discrimination. In this research, we analyzed the forward scattering patterns of individual Escherichia coli K12 colonies when agar hardness and nutrition levels were varied from the control sample. As the agar concentration increased from 1.2% to 1.8%, the diameter of the forward scattering patterns also increased for the same experimental condition which reflects that the colony thickness at the apex is greater for increased agar concentrations. Regarding nutrition, increasing dextrose resulted in smaller mean colony diameters while the mean diameters of the colonies were proportional to the yeast extract concentration up to 0.5%. The result reveals that ±0.3% agar concentration from the control sample is sufficient to create variations in the scattering patterns. For nutrition –0.25% of yeast extract showed significant variations while +0.25% from control sample showed minimal variations. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Group cognitive‐behavioral therapy for depression in Spanish: culture‐sensitive manualized treatment in practice
Authors: Aguilera Adrian , Garza Monica J. , Muñoz Ricardo F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe authors applied cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression using the Healthy Management of Reality treatment manual. This 16‐week group treatment comprised four 4‐week modules: thoughts (cognitive restructuring), activities (behavioral activation), people (interpersonal skills training), and health (addresses physical health and depression). They illustrated the use of the culture‐sensitive treatment manuals by way of the member characteristics and clinical process of a Spanish‐language CBT group for depression. They highlighted the challenges and satisfactions of working with a Spanish‐speaking population in the public sector, and focused on how culture and socioeconomic status influence patients, and how to adapt treatment to these factors. Last, they demonstrated how technological advances integrate with culture‐sensitive, evidence‐based treatments to better serve this population and reduce disparities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1–11, 2010.
Autotrophic biological nitrogen removal from saline wastewater under low DO
Authors: Zhang Tong , Yan Qing‐Mei , Ye Lin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility and performance of nitrogen removal through the complete autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process for saline wastewater in a continuous reactor, and to characterize microorganisms in the sludge from the reactor using DNA‐based techniques.RESULTS: The nitrogen removal experiment in the reactor was operated over five phases for 286 days treating a synthetic sewage of 1.2% salinity at 21–25 °C. At dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations of 0.5–1.0 mg L−1 and in the presence of glucose, NO2− was accumulated, indicating the activity of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB). At DO concentration of 0.5 mg L−1 without organic substrate, the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process was the major pathway responsible for nitrogen removal, with a total nitrogen removal of 70% and an ammonium conversion efficiency of 96%. A maximum ammonium removal rate of 0.57 kg‐N m−3 d−1 was achieved during the experimental period. The concentrations of AOB and Anammox bacteria were monitored over the operation of reactor using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).CONCLUSION: In this study, autotrophic nitrogen removal process was achieved under salinity condition in a one‐reactor system. An over 100 fold increase of AOB was found due to the increased supply of ammonium at the beginning, then AOB concentration decreased temporarily in correspondence with the decreased DO, and the AOB resumed their concentration at the last phase. The Anammox bacteria abundance was about 150 fold higher than that at the beginning, indicating the successful enrichment of Anammox bacteria in the reactor. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Enzymatic saccharification of dissolution pretreated waste cellulosic fabrics for bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus
Authors: Kuo Chia‐Hung , Lin Po‐Ju , Lee Cheng‐Kang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Waste textiles, such as dyed cellulosic and/or polyester blended fabrics have the potential to serve as an alternative feedstock for the production of biological products via microbial fermentation. Dissolution pretreatment was employed to enhance the enzymatic saccharification of dyed and synthetic fiber blended cellulosic fabrics. The fermentable reducing sugars obtained from waste cellulosic fabrics were used to culture Gluconobacter xylinus for value‐added bacterial cellulose (BC) production.RESULTS: Concentrated phosphoric acid was the ultimate cellulose solvent for dissolution pretreatment since 5% w/w cellulosic fabric can be completed dissolved at 50 °C. After regeneration in water, the cellulosic precipitate was subjected to cellulase hydrolysis, resulting in at least 4‐fold enhancement of saccharification rate and reducing sugars yield. The colored saccharification products can be utilized by G. xylinus to produce BC, approximately 1.8 g L−1 BC pellicle was obtained after 7 days static cultivation.CONCLUSION: Dyed and blended waste fabric can be pretreated effectively by dissolution to produce fermentable sugars by cellulase hydrolysis. Dissolution pretreatment can expose the dyed or polyester fiber covered digestible cellulosic fibers to cellulase and leads to a significant enhancement of saccharification yield. The colored saccharification products have no significant inhibiting effect on the fermentation activity of G. xylinus for BC production. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Morphogenetic change of the limb bud in the hand plate formation
Authors: Sato Kosei , Seki Ryohei , Noro Miyuki , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Tamura Koji 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe vertebrate hand plate is flattened and paddle shaped; that is, it is wide along the anteroposterior (AP) axis (thumb to little finger) and thin along the dorsoventral axis (back of hand to palm). To learn how the hand plate develops its three‐dimensional architecture, we observed morphological changes in the distal limb bud of the chick embryo at stages 23–27 and the gecko embryo 11–13 days after oviposition. Cell population of the posterior distal limb bud expanded more than that of the anterior one in the chick embryo. Taken together with the observation that these two cell populations did not show significant differences in their expansion along the proximodistal axis, we propose that the cell population in the posterior limb bud contributes more to the morphogenetic increase along the AP axis, which widens the limb bud for the formation of the hand plate. Our observation that more mitoses were oriented anteroposteriorly than dorsoventrally in the chick embryo at around stage 25 suggests that the oriented cell division contributes to the morphogenetic increase along the AP axis. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:539–551, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stem cells responsible for deer antler regeneration are unable to recapitulate the process of first antler development—revealed through intradermal and subcutaneous tissue transplantation
Authors: Li Chunyi , Yang Fuhe , Haines Stephen , Zhao Haiping , Wang Wenying , Xing Xiumei , Sun Hongmei , Chu Wenhui , Lu Xiaoping , Liu Linling , McMahon Chris 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAntlers offer a unique model for the study of whether regeneration recapitulates development in a mammalian organ. Research, to date, supports the full recapitulation in antler, but a recent report that subcutaneously transplanted (ST) pedicle periosteum (PP) failed to induce that ectopic antler formation could argue against recapitulation, as antlerogenic periosteum (AP) can readily do so. However, it was not clear in that study whether the result was caused by inability of the PP to interact with the skin or owing to failure to create the required close contact to it. This study was designed to clarify this uncertainty by adopting intradermal transplantation (IT) to achieve the required close contact without the need for significant mass expansion. The results showed that IT of 1/8 of the original AP mass or more was sufficient for antler induction, whereas ST of 1/4‐AP or less could not do so within 2 years. The minimum amount of AP required for antler induction using the IT approach was somewhere between 1/8 and 1/12‐AP (<30 mg). The results further demonstrated that IT of 62–84 mg PP failed to induce ectopic antler formation, even if the PP had fused with the surrounding skin. Because this mass of PP was 2–3 times the minimum amount of AP required for antler induction, we conclude that PP does not recapitulate AP in induction of ectopic antler development. It is likely that PP has been restricted for antler regeneration and lost the potential to initiate antler development. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:552–570, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eye development and retinal differentiation in an altricial fish species, the senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858)
Authors: Bejarano‐Escobar Ruth , Blasco Manuel , DeGrip Willem J. , Oyola‐Velasco José Antonio , Martín‐Partido Gervasio , Francisco‐Morcillo Javier 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe describe the major events in the retinogenesis in an altricial fish species, the Senegalese sole. The major developmental events in the sole retina occurred early after hatching (posthatching day 0, P0). Thus, (1) plexiform layers became recognizable at P1. (2) Proliferative activity disappeared from the central retina at P1, and, as development progressed, became restricted to cells located in the circumferential germinal zone, and to sparse cells dispersed throughout the inner nuclear layer and the outer nuclear layer. (3) Apoptotic cells were sparsely observed, randomly localized in all three nuclear layers of the early posthatching retina from P0 to P4. (4) The first synaptic vesicles were detected at P0 in early postmitotic ganglion cells. However, their appearance in the plexiform layers was delayed until P2. (5) The neurochemical development of most major retinal cell classes occurred between P0 and P5. Thus, although Isl1 immunoreactive ganglion cells were the first to become postmitotic in the vitreal surface of the central retina at P0, the first glutamine synthetase‐expressing Müller cells appeared in the central retina by P5. The onset of expression for other retinal markers, such as rod opsin, calretinin, parvalbumin, α‐tyrosine hydroxylase, and α‐protein kinase C, occurred between P2 and P4. Our results suggest that the most relevant processes involved in Senegalese sole retinogenesis occur during the prolarval and early larval stages (P0–P5). Furthermore, we conclude that altricial fish species may constitute a convenient model organism to address the relationship between the structural and functional development of sensory organs with the acquisition of behavioral repertoires. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:580–605, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Climatic precursors of autumn streamflow in the northeast United States
Authors: Gong Gavin , Wang Lucien , Lall Upmanu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this study, statistical linkages between autumn streamflow in the northeast United States and preceding summer sea surface temperatures are developed to establish predictive potential for climate‐informed seasonal streamflow forecasts in this region. Predictor regions with physically plausible teleconnections to local streamflow are identified and evaluated in a multivariate and nonlinear framework using local regression techniques. Three such regions are identified, located in the Bering Sea, the tropical Pacific just west of Mexico, and the tropical Atlantic off the coast of Africa. Asymmetries in each region's univariate local regression result are apparent, and bivariate local regressions are used to attribute these asymmetries to interactions with physical mechanisms associated with the other two regions, and possibly other unaccounted for climatic predictors. A bivariate model including the tropical Pacific and tropical Atlantic regions yields the strongest local regression result, explaining 0.68 of the interannual streamflow variability. An analogous multivariate linear regression analysis is only able to explain 0.20 of the streamflow variability and thus the use of nonlinear methods' results in a marked improvement in streamflow simulation capability. Cross‐validation considerably weakens the streamflow forecasts using this model; however, forecast skill may improve with a longer period of record or the inclusion of additional predictors. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Clinical experience with the delay phenomenon in autologous breast reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap
Authors: Christiano J. Guilherme , Rosson Gedge D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose. The delay phenomenon has been used for breast reconstruction with pedicled flaps but has not been widely reported with free flaps. Our goals were to (1) describe our operative technique for vascular delay of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flaps when a large percentage of the contralateral hemiabdomen would be needed for added volume of a breast reconstruction, (2) document any clinical improvement in flap vascularization after the delay period, and (3) develop a patient selection algorithm for this procedure. Methods. From August 2008 through July 2009, six patients at The Johns Hopkins Breast Center underwent autologous breast reconstruction with vascularly delayed DIEP flaps, a technique that preserves lateral skin bridges to the flap. This technique was used based on preoperative three‐dimensional computed tomography angiograms showing potential vascular compromise. We assessed length of delay, flap weight, length of stay, and outcome. Results. Transfer delay averaged 15.8 ± 4.1 days from the original surgery. Transferred flap weight averaged 620.2 ± 156.7 g. The flaps in all six patients developed adequate arterial inflow and/or venous drainage on reassessment at final transfer. Preoperative screening with three‐dimensional computed tomography angiography of the abdominal wall and modification of the flap harvest technique, including use of the clamp test to establish need for delay, were thought to be paramount for patient selection. Conclusion. In a very select group of patients undergoing breast reconstruction whose DIEP flaps showed vascular compromise before detachment, the delay phenomenon successfully enhanced vascularity and prevented fat necrosis. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:526–531, 2010.
Classification schema for anatomic variations of the inferior epigastric vasculature evaluated by abdominal CT angiograms for breast reconstruction
Authors: Katz Ryan D. , Manahan Michele A. , Rad Ariel N. , Flores Jaime I. , Singh Navin K. , Rosson Gedge D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground. Many studies demonstrate direct patient benefits from use of preoperative computed tomography angiograms (CTA) for abdominal tissue‐based breast reconstruction. We present a novel classification schema to translate imaging results into further clinical relevance. Methods. Each hemiabdomen CTA was classified into a schema that addressed findings of expected anatomy, anatomy that necessitates a change in operative technique and anatomy that suggests less morbid procedures may be considered. Results. Eighty‐six patients (172 hemiabdomens) were available for study. Of the reconstructions performed in this time period, 40 (47%) were bilateral and 46 (53%) unilateral. Based on perforator size and location, relative perimuscular anatomy, and continuity of vessels, five categories were defined: type I “Traditional” anatomy (n = 150, 87%), type II “Highly Favorable” anatomy (n = 11, 6.4%), type III “Altered‐Superiorly Translocated” anatomy (n = 9, 5.2%), type IV “Superficial Dominant” anatomy (n = 26, 15%), and type V “Hostile” anatomy (n = 4, 2.3%). The additive total is greater than 100%, because vessels may fall into more than one category. Discussion. In providing the microsurgeon with a preoperative vascular map that has the potential to influence the preoperative, operative, and postoperative course, abdominal CTAs should be considered a worthy adjunct to the diagnostic armamentarium of the reconstructive surgeon. These classifications and their clinical impacts become even more important in centers performing increasing numbers of bilateral reconstructions. We believe that our simple schema can facilitate effective use of this powerful tool, aiding in overall care of the breast reconstruction patient. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:593–602, 2010.
Reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the Achilles tendon with rotation flaps, pedicled propeller flaps and free perforator flaps
Authors: Jakubietz Rafael G. , Jakubietz Danni F. , Gruenert Joerg G. , Schmidt Karsten , Meffert Rainer H. , Jakubietz Michael G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIntroduction. Soft tissue defects exposing the Achilles tendon are challenging. Local perforator flaps represent a valuable option gaining increasing popularity. Despite preoperative planning an adequate perforator cannot always be found intraoperatively. The free peroneal artery perforator flap can serve as a back‐up option limiting the donor site morbidity to the same extremity without sacrificing major vessels or nerves. Methods. Nine patients with soft tissue defects exposing the Achilles tendon were treated with local perforator flaps, seven were scheduled for 180° propeller flap coverage after Doppler‐ultrasound examination. However, in two patients (22%) no adequate perforators were found intraoperatively. As the perforators for the free peroneal artery perforator flap were routinely mapped out, this flap was harvested for microsurgical reconstruction. Results. One patient with a 180° propeller flap developed a partial flap necrosis, another patient developed superficial epidermolysis, both requiring skingrafting. No complications were seen with free tissue transfer. Conclusion. Pedicled perforator flaps as propeller flaps add options to the armamentarium of microsurgeons. Despite thorough preoperative planning the surgeons must be prepared to perform a different method of reconstruction if inadequate vessels are encountered. To limit additional donor site morbidity, local options are preferred. The free peroneal artery perforator flap represents a good option as it matches the original tissue properties closely. The complication rate of propeller flaps in this series is tolerable. Propeller flaps should therefore be considered an alternative but not as a replacement of local fasciocutaneous flaps. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:608–613, 2010.
Verstehen, wie Kunststoffe altern
Authors: Brüll Robert , Geertz Guru , Maria Raquel , Rode Karsten 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIR‐Mikroskopie macht die Veränderungen bei alternden Kunststoffen und Verbundmaterialien sichtbar. Mit dem neuen Verfahren lassen sich Schäden an Flugzeugbauteilen früher aufspüren.
Fakten und Stimmungen
Authors: Bengs Holger 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBiotech‐Ticker: Gemischte Stimmung — Unternehmenszahl stabil — kaum Insolvenzen — Finanzierung am Tiefpunkt — keine Börsengänge — gekürzte Forschungsausgaben. Der Biotech‐Branche könnte es finanziell besser gehen, aber die Protagonisten strahlen Zuversicht aus.
Cattell–Horn–Carroll cognitive‐achievement relations: What we have learned from the past 20 years of research
Authors: McGrew Kevin S. , Wendling Barbara J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractContemporary Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities has evolved over the past 20 years and serves as the theoretical foundation for a number of current cognitive ability assessments. CHC theory provides a means by which we can better understand the relationships between cognitive abilities and academic achievement, an important component of learning disabilities identification and instructional planning. A research synthesis of the extant CHC cognitive‐achievement (COG‐ACH) research literature is reported. Systematic and operationally defined research synthesis procedures were employed to address limitations present in the only prior attempted synthesis. Nineteen studies met the criteria for inclusion, which yielded 134 analyses. The 134 analyses were organized by three age groups (6–8, 9–13, and 14–19) and by four achievement domains (basic reading skills, reading comprehension, basic math skills, and math reasoning). The results reveal a much more nuanced set of CHC COG‐ACH relations than was identified in the only prior review because of (a) breadth of cognitive abilities and measures (broad vs. narrow), (b) breadth of achievement domains (e.g., basic reading skills and reading comprehension vs. broad reading), and (c) developmental (age) status. The findings argue for selective, flexible, and referral‐focused intelligence testing, particularly in the context of emerging Response to Intervention (RTI) assessment models. The results suggest that narrow CHC abilities should be the primary focus of instructionally relevant intelligence testing. Furthermore, the finding that more than 90% of the available research is based on the Woodcock–Johnson Battery argues for significant caution in generalizing the findings to other batteries. CHC‐based COG‐ACH research with other intelligence batteries is recommended. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.