bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensuring oral health for older individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Waldman H Barry , Perlman Steven P 
Published: January 2012

Aims and objectives.  To emphasise the oral health needs of older individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, the impact on the individual’s general health and the role that can be played by nurses.Background.  All too often an examination and consideration of the oral health condition of this patient population by nurses/physicians is cursory at best. The increasing retention of the dentition into later years of life provides both the favourable abilities for eating, speech and self esteem, but also the potential for local and general health concerns.Design.  Discursive paper.Method.  Based on the findings from dental examination of thousands of international athletes in the Special Olympic Games and clinical experiences in academic and private practice settings for care of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, a discursive listing was developed for use in a preliminary examination of the oral cavity.Conclusion.  A nurse can play a critical role in the examination, preventive services and referrals for dental care for older individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.Relevance to clinical practice.  The specific oral health needs of older individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities should be an integral component of the preventive and general health care provided by nurses.
Evaluating symptom outcomes in gastroparesis clinical trials: validity and responsiveness of the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index‐Daily Diary (GCSI‐DD)
Authors: Revicki D. A. , Camilleri M. , Kuo B. , Szarka L. A. , McCormack J. , Parkman H. P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground Patient‐reported symptom scales are needed to evaluate treatments for gastroparesis. The Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index‐Daily Diary (GCSI‐DD) was developed to assess daily symptoms of gastroparesis. This study evaluated the validity and responsiveness of the GCSI‐DD in patients with gastroparesis.Methods Symptomatic patients were started with a new treatment for gastroparesis. Patients completed the GCSI‐DD each evening during a baseline week and for 8 weeks of treatment. Responders were defined based on patient and clinician global rating of change. Minimal important differences (MID) were estimated based on baseline to 4 week changes in symptoms scores for small improvements.Key Results Of 69 patients participating, 46 had idiopathic, 19 diabetic, and four postfundoplication gastroparesis. Excellent test–retest reliability was seen for GCSI‐DD scores, and there were significant correlations between GCSI‐DD scores and clinician ratings of symptom severity. Responders to treatment reported improvements in nausea [effect size (ES) = 0.42,P < 0.001], postprandial fullness, ES = 0.83,P < 0.001), bloating (ES = 0.34,P < 0.001), early satiety (ES = 0.53,P < 0.001), but lower responses for upper abdominal pain (ES = 0.29), and vomiting (ES = 0.22;P = 0.119). MIDs were 0.55 for nausea, 0.97 for excessive fullness, 0.63 for bloating, 0.77 for postprandial fullness, and 0.30 for abdominal pain. A composite score of four symptoms (Composite‐1; nausea, bloating, excessive fullness, postprandial fullness) had ES of 0.61 and MID of 0.73. Composite‐2 score (nausea, early satiety, bloating, abdominal pain) had a lower ES of 0.47.Conclusions & Inferences  Symptoms of early satiety, nausea, postprandial fullness, and bloating were responsive to treatment for gastroparesis. A composite of these symptoms also demonstrates validity and responsiveness to treatment for gastroparesis, and may represent an acceptable endpoint for evaluating the effectiveness of medical treatments in clinical trials for gastroparesis.
Array CGH in patients with developmental delay or intellectual disability: are there phenotypic clues to pathogenic copy number variants?
Authors: Shoukier M , Klein N , Auber B , Wickert J , Schröder J , Zoll B , Burfeind P , Bartels I , Alsat EA , Lingen M , Grzmil P , Schulze S , Keyser J , Weise D , Borchers M , Hobbiebrunken E , Röbl M , Gärtner J , Brockmann K , Zirn B 
Published: January 2012

Shoukier M, Klein N, Auber B, Wickert J, Schröder J, Zoll B, Burfeind P, Bartels I, Alsat EA, Lingen M, Grzmil P, Schulze S, Keyser J, Weise D, Borchers M, Hobbiebrunken E, Röbl M, Gärtner J, Brockmann K, Zirn B. Array CGH in patients with developmental delay or intellectual disability: are there phenotypic clues to pathogenic copy number variants?Array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) is now widely adopted as a first‐tier clinical diagnostic test in individuals with unexplained developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID) and congenital anomalies. Our study aimed at enlarging the phenotypic spectrum associated with clinically relevant copy number variants (CNVs) as well as delineating clinical criteria, which may help separating patients with pathogenic CNVs from those without pathogenic CNVs. We performed a retrospective review of clinical and array CGH data of 342 children with unexplained DD/ID. The phenotypic features of patients with clinically significant CNV were compared with those without pathogenic CNVs. Array CGH detected pathogenic CNVs in 13.2% of the patients. Congenital anomalies, especially heart defects, as well as primary microcephaly, short stature and failure to thrive were clearly more frequent in children with pathogenic CNVs compared with children with normal array CGH results. Thus, we assume that in patients with unexplained DD/ID, array CGH will more probably detect a significant CNV if any of these features is part of the patient's phenotype.
Experience of heart transplantation from hemodynamically unstable brain‐dead donors with extracorporeal support
Authors: Yang Hsiang‐Yu , Lin Chih‐Yuan , Tsai Yi‐Ting , Lee Chung‐Yi , Tsai Chien‐Sung 
Published: January 2012

Yang H‐Y, Lin C‐Y, Tsai Y‐T, Lee C‐Y, Tsai C‐S. Experience of heart transplantation from hemodynamically unstable brain‐dead donors with extracorporeal support.Abstract:  The shortage of organ donors remains a major problem for transplantation worldwide. Potential donors after brain death may become hemodynamically unstable, despite maximal medical management, which ultimately leads to failure of organ procurement. We reviewed the medical records of five brain‐dead potential donors who presented with hemodynamic instability despite maximal medical management that were supported by extracorporeal circulation membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The outcomes of heart recipients were reviewed. The five donors under extracorporeal support finished a declaration of brain death without cardiac arrest. Donor organs, including three hearts, nine kidneys, and four livers, were harvested from the five donors under ECMO support. All three heart recipients recovered uneventfully after one yr of follow‐up. Our experience indicates that potential donors may experience central‐failure‐related hemodynamic instability after brain death, despite maximal medical support, which leads to a fatal result. Beyond medical management, prompt and early extracorporeal support for salvaging brain‐dead potential donors from cardiac death seems to be a practical strategy to increase the donor pool and preserve donor organs.
Vitamin D3 deficiency enhances allergen‐induced lymphocyte responses in a mouse model of allergic airway disease
Authors: Gorman Shelley , Tan Daryl H. W. , Lambert Misty J. M. , Scott Naomi M. , Judge Melinda A. , Hart Prue H. 
Published: January 2012

To cite this article: Gorman S, Tan DHW, Lambert MJM, Scott NM, Judge MA, Hart PH. Vitamin D3 deficiency enhances allergen‐induced lymphocyte responses in a mouse model of allergic airway disease. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: 23: 83–87AbstractThere is debate as to whether vitamin D deficiency contributes towards the extent of the asthma epidemic. In this study, using a mouse model, we determined whether vitamin D deficiency in utero and during early life modulated the severity of asthma. Using dietary restriction, vitamin D3‐replete and vitamin D3‐deficient colonies of BALB/c mice were established. Utilizing the allergic airway disease model of asthma with the experimental allergen ovalbumin (OVA), we examined asthma‐like responses 24 h after airway challenge with OVA in adult offspring born to vitamin D3‐replete and vitamin D3‐deficient mothers. The ability of airway‐draining lymph node cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines in response to OVA ex vivo was significantly enhanced by vitamin D3 deficiency. However, other aspects of allergic disease, including the numbers and proportions of inflammatory cells and cytokines in the lungs and the quantity of OVA‐specific IgE in serum, were not modified. These results suggest that vitamin D3 deficiency modulates the capacity of lymphocytes to respond to allergens.
Allergy and sports in children
Authors: Del Giacco Stefano R. , Carlsen Kai‐Håkon , Du Toit George 
Published: January 2012

To cite this article: Del Giacco SR, Carlsen K‐H, Du Toit G. Allergy and sports in children. Pediatric Allergy Immunol 2012: 23: 11–20.AbstractPhysical activity is beneficial for children with positive outcomes for mental and physical well‐being. Allergic conditions unique to the sporting arena may serve as an impediment to participation in physical activity for allergic children. A common example is exercise‐induced asthma; less common activity‐related allergic conditions include food‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis, exercise‐induced anaphylaxis, and exercise‐induced urticaria. Allergic children may also be at risk of allergic reactions when exposed to allergens that are more commonly found in the sports environment, e.g., latex, sports drinks, and medications such as NSAIDs. Recent advances in our understanding of the patho‐physiological and immunologic mechanisms that may account for these conditions have facilitated more effective and safer management strategies. There are also important immunologic lessons to be learnt with respect to specific physical factors that may result in diminished allergen tolerance; indeed, these lessons may facilitate safer allergen desensitisation regimens. The role of the immune system in exercise‐induced immunoallergic syndromes, clinical aspects, and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are discussed in this review.
Pedigree‐ and marker‐based methods in the estimation of genetic diversity in small groups of Holstein cattle
Authors: Engelsma K.A. , Veerkamp R.F. , Calus M.P.L. , Bijma P. , Windig J.J. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryGenetic diversity is often evaluated using pedigree information. Currently, diversity can be evaluated in more detail over the genome based on large numbers of SNP markers. Pedigree‐ and SNP‐based diversity were compared for two small related groups of Holstein animals genotyped with the 50 k SNP chip, genome‐wide, per chromosome and for part of the genome examined. Diversity was estimated with coefficient of kinship (pedigree) and expected heterozygosity (SNP). SNP‐based diversity at chromosome regions was determined using 5‐Mb sliding windows, and significance of difference between groups was determined by bootstrapping. Both pedigree‐ and SNP‐based diversity indicated more diversity in one of the groups; 26 of the 30 chromosomes showed significantly more diversity for the same group, as did 25.9% of the chromosome regions. Even in small populations that are genetically close, differences in diversity can be detected. Pedigree‐ and SNP‐based diversity give comparable differences, but SNP‐based diversity shows on which chromosome regions these differences are based. For maintaining diversity in a gene bank, SNP‐based diversity gives a more detailed picture than pedigree‐based diversity.
Pityriasis versicolor during anti‐TNF‐α monoclonal antibody therapy: therapeutic considerations
Authors: Balestri Riccardo , Rech Giulia , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Antonucci Angela , Ismaili Alma , Patrizi Annalisa , Bardazzi Federico 
Published: January 2012

SummaryAnecdotal reports have shown that tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α inhibition may cause unchecked superficial infection with the microorganisms responsible for pityriasis versicolor (PV). We observed several cases of PV, which is frequently resistant to topical therapies, in psoriatic patients undergoing anti‐TNF‐α monoclonal antibody therapy. To evaluate the incidence and the therapeutic management of PV in this group of individuals, between 1 January and 27 December 2010, we examined 153 psoriatic patients for the hypopigmented/hyperpigmented macular and scaling lesions associated with PV. All patients positive for PV were given topical therapy with miconazole nitrate cream twice daily for 28 days, after which they were re‐evaluated. In patients non‐responsive to topical therapy, we started systemic therapy with fluconazole, 300 mg week−1 for 3 weeks. We diagnosed seven cases of PV. At the end of topical treatment, complete healing of lesions was observed in only one patient. In the other six patients, systemic treatment led to complete resolution of the infection. Although the onset of PV during anti‐TNF‐α therapy is seldom reported, it is not likely to be rare, but rather under‐reported because of its limited pathological significance. In our opinion, the therapeutic management of this condition deserves greater consideration, as the use of topical treatments alone is largely ineffective compared with systemic treatment.
Urgency of referral and its impact on outcome in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Ramsay G. , MacKay C. , Nanthakumaran S. , Craig W. L. , McAdam T. K. , Loudon M. A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim  Primary care referral for patients with bowel symptoms is triaged by general practitioners to urgent or routine based on the clinical suspicion of malignancy. Triage directly influences time to assessment and investigation. This study aimed to establish whether urgency of referral of patients with large bowel malignancy has any effect on management.Method  An analysis was undertaken of all patients with colorectal cancer referred by primary care and discussed at the regional colorectal multi‐disciplinary team (MDT) meetings from January 2009 to December 2010. Demographics and tumour data were collated prospectively from MDT records, and operation and investigation reports.Results  Of 369 primary case referrals with colorectal cancer, 303 (82.1%) were urgent and 66 (17.9%) routine. Patient characteristics (age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade) and resection rates were similar in both groups and no significant difference in tumour location was observed. The time from referral to diagnosis was significantly longer in the routine group (mean 73.7 days vs 30.2 days; P = 0.001). Dukes stage was less advanced for the routine referral group, (P = 0.002).Conclusion  Urgency of referral decreased the time to diagnosis. This did not influence resection rates. Dukes stage was higher for urgent referrals. Long‐term follow‐up is required to determine any impact on survival.
Effectiveness of interventions for reducing diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in people with metabolic syndrome: systematic review and mixed treatment comparison meta‐analysis
Authors: Dunkley A. J. , Charles K. , Gray L. J. , Camosso‐Stefinovic J. , Davies M. J. , Khunti K. 
Published: January 2012

Aims: To review the evidence on interventions for reversing metabolic syndrome or preventing development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in people with metabolic syndrome.Methods: A systematic review and Bayesian mixed treatment comparison meta‐analysis was conducted. Relevant electronic bibliographic databases were searched up to January 2010. Included studies were randomized controlled trials with a follow‐up of ≥24 weeks and outcomes comparing incidence of diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease, or reversal of metabolic syndrome.Results: A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. Thirteen studies with outcome data for reversal of metabolic syndrome, involving 3907 participants, were included in the meta‐analysis. Insufficient trials reported cardiovascular events/mortality, or incidence of type 2 diabetes, to conduct a meta‐analysis for these outcomes. Interventions, alone or in combination, included lifestyle (diet and/or exercise) and pharmacological therapy. Using random‐effect models, both lifestyle (odds ratio, OR 3.81; 95% confidence interval, CI 2.47–5.88) and pharmacological interventions (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.04–2.45) were statistically superior compared with control for reversing metabolic syndrome. Using mixed treatment comparison methods, the probability that lifestyle interventions were the most clinically effective was 87%.Conclusions: Evidence suggests that both lifestyle and pharmacological interventions can reverse metabolic syndrome. However, there is a lack of data on whether these benefits are sustained and translate into longer term prevention of diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease.
Disruption of writing processes by the semanticity of background speech
Authors: SÖRQVIST PATRIK , NÖSTL ANATOLE , HALIN NIKLAS 
Published: January 2012

Sörqvist, P., Nöstl, A. & Halin, N. (2012). Disruption of writing processes by the semanticity of background speech. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 97–102.Previous studies have noted that writing processes are impaired by task‐irrelevant background sound. However, what makes sound distracting to writing processes has remained unaddressed. The experiment reported here investigated whether the semanticity of irrelevant speech contributes to disruption of writing processes beyond the acoustic properties of the sound. The participants wrote stories against a background of normal speech, spectrally‐rotated speech (i.e., a meaningless sound with marked acoustic resemblance to speech) or silence. Normal speech impaired quantitative (e.g., number of characters produced) and qualitative/semantic (e.g., uncorrected typing errors, proposition generation) aspects of the written material, in comparison with the other two sound conditions, and it increased the duration of pauses between words. No difference was found between the silent and the rotated‐speech condition. These results suggest that writing is susceptible to disruption from the semanticity of speech but not especially susceptible to disruption from the acoustic properties of speech.
Heterogeneous Academic‐Industry Knowledge Linkage, Heterogeneous IPR, and Growth
Authors: SPINESI LUCA 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEmpirical evidence shows the existence of relevant spillovers from the stock of academic basic knowledge on industry. Interestingly, such spillovers are highly specific in that firms’ academic learning responds strongly to federally funded R&D in closely affiliated universities. Moreover, with the aim of enhancing such a technological transfer from academia to industry, the policy design of many OECD countries allows worthy academic ideas to be granted the same intellectual property rights (IPR) as industrial innovations. In distinguishing the stages of an R&D process within a dynamic general equilibrium model, this paper explicitly considers both industrial and government R&D efforts, with heterogeneous academic knowledge spillovers among industry lines. The results show that both the industrial R&D effort and the growth rate are spurred more by a “softer” IPR regime granted to academic ideas than by an increase in the industrial R&D subsidy.
Dual Poverty Trap: Intra‐ and Intergenerational Linkages in Frictional Labor Markets
Authors: HORII RYO , SASAKI MASARU 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper constructs an overlapping generations model with a frictional labor market to explain persistent low education in developing countries. When parents are uneducated, their children often face difficulties in finishing school and therefore are likely to remain uneducated. Moreover, if children expect that other children of the same generation will not receive an education, they expect that firms will not create enough jobs for educated workers, and thus are further discouraged from schooling. These intergenerational and intragenerational mechanisms reinforce each other, creating a serious poverty trap. Escape from the trap requires the well‐organized and combined implementation of a subsidy for schooling, support for disadvantaged children, and public awareness programs.
Evaluating the Rating of Stiftung Warentest: How Good Are Mutual Fund Ratings and Can They Be Improved?
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Weber Martin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe test the abilities of the Stiftung Warentest fund rating system to predict future fund performance among German registered funds for six equity categories: Germany, Euro‐Zone, Europe, North America, Pacific and World. Stiftung Warentest is a consumer protection agency and a major provider of fund ratings in Germany. Our empirical analysis documents predictive abilities of the rating system. The reason is that measures of past performance are positively related to future performance in several of these markets, even after controlling for momentum. Measures of fund activity (e.g., Active Share) are also helpful to predict performance, in particular to identify likely future losers. Hence, they should be taken into consideration by consumers when selecting a fund and rating agencies when revising current rating methodologies.
The Determinants of Risk Aversion: The Role of Intergenerational Transmission
Authors: De Paola Maria 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article studies the relationship between risk attitudes and individual characteristics focusing on the intergenerational transmission of risk preferences. We use a dataset of a sample of Italyn students which allows us to build different measures of risk aversion based, respectively, on a survey asking students about their willingness to invest in a risky asset and about their preferences for job security and on the results of an entry test using explicit penalty points in the case of incorrect answers. In line with the findings highlighted by the existing literature, we find that women are more risk averse than men, more patient subjects are more risk averse, while high-ability students are less risk averse. As far as intergenerational transmission of preferences is concerned, it emerges that students whose fathers are entrepreneurs have a higher propensity to take risks, while students whose fathers are employed in the public sector are more risk averse. Only fathers matter with regards to their children’s risk attitudes. These results are robust to different measures of risk aversion and to different specifications of our model.