bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus using a polyclonal antibody by flow cytometry
Authors: Manti Anita , Falcioni Tania , Campana Raffaella , Sisti Davide , Rocchi Marco , Medina Vicente , Dominici Sabrina , Papa Stefano , Baffone Wally 
Published: January 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to detect and quantify Vibrio parahaemolyticus using flow cytometry (FCM) in combination with a polyclonal antibody developed in our laboratory. Experiments were carried out using V. parahaemolyticus cells in pure and mixed bacteria culture suspensions in either artificial or natural seawater. Using FCM, V. parahaemolyticus cells labelled with the polyclonal antibody and a secondary fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated antibody were detected and rapidly quantified at low cell densities (103 cells ml−1) in both the pure and mixed cultures. To determine the specificity of our antibody, its cross‐reactivity with other ATCC bacterial strains and some environmental Vibrio spp. and Gram‐positive isolates was also assessed. Significant immunoreactivity levels above background were obtained for V. harvey 64, V. parahaemolyticus 704 and V. alginolyticus 1407, although the intensities were significantly less than for V. parahaemolyticus Conero. The experiments carried out in natural seawater confirmed the antibody specificity towards V. parahaemolyticus Conero even if a lower proportion of labelled cells was observed. The application of FCM in combination with a primary polyclonal antibody appears to be a promising technique for the detection and quantification of V. parahaemolyticus cells in aquatic environments.
Sharing Science Through Technology
Authors: Scotchmoor Judy 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThis article describes the development of the Web site for the University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP). The extensive Web site is the primary means by which most of the public have access to the museum since it does not have a building with exhibitions that is open to the public.The UCMP Web site has grown from a relatively simple descriptive online tool to a multifaceted educational resource which encourages and facilitates dialog between scientists and the public. The Web site also provides curricular, professional development, and other programs for educators, and allows access to paleontology collections and information for a diverse online audience.
The Topical Museum of Natural History: A Walking Paper
Authors: Dillenburg Eugene W. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract  As museums enter a new century, they are challenged to demonstrate their relevance to society. Increasingly, institutions have recognized that in order to thrive, they must ensure that mission‐related activities—exhibits and programs, collections and research—are meaningful to the public they rely on for support.Numerous deeply‐ingrained habits of practice and of thought have prevented object‐based exhibits from responding effectively to visitor interests. For museums to be truly relevant to their audiences, this paper argues for a fundamental shift in how they think about and organize exhibits.Exhibits need to become more topical and issue‐oriented, rather than generalized and systematic. Furthermore, a successful topical exhibit program needs to operate on two separate, yet integrated, levels:long‐term exhibits providing context on broadly relevant, interdisciplinary themesshorter‐term exhibits on specific, current issues embedded within the longterm exhibits, linking that broad content to visitors' livesBeyond the crucial role of increasing the museum's relevance to its audience, such an exhibits program would have numerous ancillary benefits, including more evenly distributed costs, greater creativity, lessened job burnout, and new funding opportunities.Though specifically addressing natural history museums, aspects of this paper should be relevant to museums of all kinds.
The Intergrated Museum: A Meaningful Role in Society?
Authors: Emery Alan R. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract  This article describes a process initiated in 1983, at the Canadian Museum of Nature (CMN), which was based on the premise that a responsible natural history museum should assist society in shaping its collective future. The museum predicted that if it were able to help people understand themselves and their relationship to the natural world, the museum would again be seen as valuable to society, and thus would be supported in its efforts. The CMN therefore began to integrate its collections, scholarship, discovery, public programming, and public exhibits into broad, institution‐wide programs focused on the needs and interests of society. These programs enabled the museum to engage its visitors in “guided conversations” in which the museum provided the content, drawing on the research and communication strengths of the museum, while the audience, representing society, set the context. This guided conversation empowered the public to make informed decisions and to influence the museum and its work. CMN also designed exhibit formats that allowed the visiting public to contact industry and government decision‐makers with their opinions.The article describes the museum's evolution through several stages of increasing internal and external integration, ultimately using a managerial matrix to form project teams, with discipline‐based professionals focused on the interests and needs of society. Drawing on audience participation, the CMN reset its programming and offered advice and counsel to government and industry. The museum also took the first steps to include the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples as an additional source of wisdom about the natural world. Financial and other support grew rapidly, effectively demonstrating a successful programmatic feedback loop helping society to shape its future using the museum as an information source and communication tool.The effort was terminated before the integration was completed, but nonetheless, CMN demonstrated that is possible to achieve a programmatic feedback loop that includes collections, science, exhibits, the general public and both government and industry decision‐makers.
Function Follows Form: How Mixed‐Used Spaces in Museums Build Community
Authors: Gurian Elaine Heumann 
Published: January 2010

Abstract  This article examines three elements largely overlooked by the museum profession when thinking about community building—space, space mix, and unexpected use of space. It suggests that if museum planners were to pay overt attention to these, they could greatly enhance the community‐building role museums increasingly play. When considering museums and communities, writers in the museum field have focused on broadening audiences, public programs, collections and exhibitions. Physical spaces have been regarded as necessary armature but not as catalysts themselves.There are many subtle, interrelated and essentially unexamined ingredients that allow museums to play an enhanced role in the building of community and our collective civic life. The article describes the characteristics of the Livable Cities Movement and New Urbanism and suggests ways in which museums could encourage these characteristics—and thereby consciously use their interior and exterior spaces to build community.
Motivational Factors and the Visitor Experience: A Comparison of Three Sites
Authors: Packer Jan , Ballantyne Roy 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTMuseums, art galleries, botanical gardens, national parks, science centers, zoos, aquaria and historic sites are important public learning institutions. The free‐choice learning offered in these settings is closely linked to visitors' intrinsic motivation, making it important to understand the motivational factors that impact on visitors' experiences. This paper presents data from a questionnaire administered to visitors at three sites: a museum, an art gallery, and an aquarium. Similarities and differences among the sites are reported in relation to visitors' expectations, perceptions of learning opportunities, engagement in motivated learning behaviors, and perceptions of the learning experience. The importance of learning to museum visitors and the unique opportunities and challenges of the museum in relation to other educational leisure settings are discussed. The authors argue that the study of motivational factors might contribute to the development of a common theoretical foundation for interpretation in museums and other informal learning settings.
Park and Museum Interpretation: Helping Visitors Find Meaning
Authors: Gross Michael P. , Zimmerman Ron 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTInterpretation is defined as an activity that “facilitates an intellectual and emotional connection between the interests of the visitor and the meanings of the resource.” The concept of helping visitors connect to meanings is a constant theme in the development of philosophies and practices in interpretation over the last century. Parks and museums have long shared in the effort to put this concept into practice. This article documents this history and the implications for contemporary interpretation.
A Period of Transition: The Wallace Nutting Collection and the Wadsworth Atheneum, 1925–1934
Authors: Bowman Trina Evarts 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIn December 1924, the Wallace Nutting Collection of Early American Furniture and Household Implements came to the Wadsworth Atheneum for exhibition. One of the nation's finest assemblies of seventeenth‐ and eighteenth‐century furnishings, it instantly provided the Atheneum with the objects necessary for a new series of Americana galleries. This article analyzes the initial installation of the collection and its place in museum history. The installation, which struck a balance between pure aesthetic display and historical reconstruction, reinforced the idealized notions of the Colonial Revival. The article concludes with a discussion of the dismantling of the original installation in the mid‐1930s and the Atheneum's transition from the period‐room format to “masterworks” galleries.
The Via Media of American Museum Practice: Henry Watson Kent and the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Authors: Duncan Sally Anne 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTSpeculation about the character and purposes of American art museums has occasioned intense debate since their inception—never more so than today. Whether to be elitist or populist, object‐based or audience‐based forms the crux of many heated arguments. This article asserts that, in the midst of competing philosophies, the successful American art museum has in reality grown from an amalgam of ideas that form a via media or middle path, far more inclusive and pragmatic than is usually noted. This comprehensive philosophy is most effectively demonstrated in the work of Henry Watson Kent at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York during the first decades of the twentieth century. The work of Kent and his colleagues at the Metropolitan Museum is here examined as a paradigm for the via media museum practice that speaks to the aspirations of America's current art museum leadership.
The age of the lower part of the New Red Sandstone of South-West Scotland
Authors: Mykura W. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The discovery of plants of Westphalian D age in a thin bed of sediment near the base of the ‘Permian’ Volcanic Group of Ayrshire has thrown doubt on the Permian age of the New Red Sandstone rocks throughout south-west Scotland. A review of the available evidence suggests that the greater part of the New Red Sandstone lavas and sediments of Ayrshire, Sanquhar and Thornhill and probably also part of the ‘Permian’ rocks of Arran may be Carboniferous. It seems likely that the base of the New Red Sandstone in the Southern Uplands is diachronous, and the basal beds in the Solway Basin and in North-West England may be considerably younger than the New Red Sandstone of Ayrshire.
The kylitic and teschenitic dolerite sills which cut the Carboniferous sediments of Ayrshire, and the intrusive monchiquites, which are closely associated with the ‘Permian’ volcanic necks of south-west Ayrshire, are now taken to be of Upper Coal Measures age.
The life attitude of the Silurian Trilobite
Phacops musheni
Salter 1864
Authors: Clarkson E. N. K. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis

Perfectly preserved material has been used in a study of the original life attitude of
Phacops musheni
Salter 1864, a Silurian phacopid trilobite. Data from previous functional studies are employed in elucidating the natural orientation of the cephalon; in lateral aspect this is the attitude in which the eye and the strip-like visual field are aligned horizontally. In this orientation the antero-lateral border rises towards the front and forms an ‘anterior arch’.

The relationship of the thoracic segments and the pygidium to the whole exoskeleton is worked out with respect to the orientated cephalon. Reference is made to accurately prepared illustrations of the outstretched trilobite, showing the various components of the exoskeleton as seen from the side in their true angular orientation.
Certain functional aspects of the extended exoskeleton are considered and it is suggested that this trilobite species led a vagrant benthonic existence.
The Mullach Sgar Complex, St Kilda, Outer Hebrides
Authors: Harding R. R. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Mullach Sgar Complex crops out over one square mile on the islands of Hirta and Dun, St Kilda. It consists of dolerite, microdiorite, microgranite and blocks of ultrabasic rock, eucrite and gabbro. There were at least four phases of intrusion: in the first phase microgranite and microdiorite were intruded; in the second, microgranite and dolerite; in the third, microgranite and olivine dolerite; and in the fourth, microgranite and microdiorite. The more basic rocks occur as fragments in microgranite; some of the fragments have fine-grained margins with textures which suggest that basic magma chilled against acid magma. The attitudes of the microgranite sheets and of the zones of fragments round the margin of the Complex indicate that it developed by ring fracture and central subsidence.
The basic intrusive rocks of Caledonian age of the Haddo House and Arnage districts, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Gribble C. D. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Basic igneous rocks of the Haddo House and Arnage districts consist of olivine-norites, and quartz-norites which include uralitised and xenolithic types.
No layered sequence is observed in the basic igneous rocks of Haddo House and Arnage and their petrochemistry suggests that some water must have entered the magma in that area producing hypersthene- and quartz-normative rock types. This would account for the differences observed between the igneous rocks of Haddo and Arnage and those in other parts of north-east Scotland which were intruded at the same time, and might be products of the same parental magma.
Glacial stages and radiocarbon dates in Scotland
Authors: Sissons J. B. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
New radiocarbon dates and previously published ones related to Scottish glacial events are discussed. Dormer’s conclusion that the Loch Lomond and Menteith end-moraine complexes were produced at the limit of the Zone III Readvance is confirmed. It is suggested that the Perth Readvance maximum occurred between 13 500 and 13 000 years ago, that the Aberdeen-Lammermuir Readvance post-dates a long interstadial, that an ice-movement during which shelly drift was deposited near Berwick pre-dates it, and that during the interstadial the British Isles were largely or entirely free of ice.
Tectonics in Upper Strathspey, Inverness-shire
Authors: Smith T. E. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Major and minor structures in the Moinian and Dalradian rocks of the Monadhliath Mountains are described and the tectonic history of the area outlined. Early major structures, isoclinal recumbent folds with north-east trending axial planes, are refolded by Late asymmetric folds with north-east trending axial planes dipping steeply to the south-east. These episodes of folding are correlated with those described elsewhere in the Ballappel Foundation and the Iltay Dalradians.
The ground moraines of Midlothian and East Lothian
Authors: Kirby R. P. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Three separate depositional units are described from the Esk and upper Tyne basins. Each unit comprises a till grading upwards into glacio-fluvium. The tills from the basal and middle units together correspond to what has previously been described as the Basal Boulder Clay of the area. Stone counts suggest the basal till was derived from a westerly quadrant. The high proportion of greywacke in the intermediate till suggests it was derived from a southerly quadrant.
The topmost depositional unit is represented chiefly by the Roslin Till, previously described as the Southern Upland Readvance Boulder Clay. This till is confirmed as the product of a local glacial readvance, but the stone count throws doubt on the former assumption that this readvance was from the Southern Uplands.
No organic material is known to occur between the three depositional units. Mechanical analyses do not serve to distinguish the three tills.
Volcanic sediments, stratigraphy and tectonic background of the Old Red Sandstone of Kintyre, W. Scotland
Authors: Friend P. F. , MacDonald R. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Lower Old Red Sandstone of southern Kintyre is divided into three formations. The aggregate thickness (excluding the island of Sanda) is 1200 m. Breccias, conglomerates and sandstones are described which are similar to those of Arran. Also described are pyroclastic sediments, which are kaolinitic.
Three volcanic vents in the Southend region have been re-investigated and are thought to illustrate three stages in the same sequence of igneous activity. The composition of the sediments and palaeocurrent observations show that the sediment was derived from the north or north-west. The thickness of the Lower Old Red Sandstone succession is compared with that of other successions in the Midland Valley, and the differences are explained in terms of the geometry of crustal movement. The position and nature of the Highland Boundary Zone is briefly discussed. It is suggested that it extended across southern Kintyre during Lower and Middle Devonian times as a relatively broad zone of southward down-warping.
Analysis of a mica subfabric
Authors: Keppie J. D. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The mica (muscovite, biotite, and/or phlogopite) in the Lewisian rocks near Furnace, Loch Maree, exhibits two habits, phylloblastic and decussate nemato-blastic crystals, which are deduced to have grown during one period of deformation and metamorphism called main phase. All the micas, along with the associated mesoscopic fabric elements, are deformed by two subsequent periods of deformation, mid phase and late phase, during which no recrystallisation of mica occurred. These observations are supplemented by a petrofabric analysis, the interpretation of which involves the interplay of various factors: Schnitteffekt, the amount of minerals other than mica in the rock, the influence of active and passive s-planes versus the crystal boundary effect and interfacial tension, the degree of mid phase deformation, and the composition of the mica; all of these combine to produce the mica subfabric. The effect of late phase deformation on this subfabric is negligible within the area. On this evidence the age dates obtained by Giletti, Moorbath, and Lambert (1961) on two muscovite samples from this area—1510±40 m.y. and 1540±45 m.y.—represent the latter part of the main phase metamorphism, thus placing it in the Laxfordian orogeny.
Structure and metamorphism of the Lewisian of east Tiree, Inner Hebrides
Authors: Westbrook Graham K. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis

A study of the Lewisian of east Tiree has shown the presence of previously unmapped psammitic, calcareous and semipelitic paragneisses which occur, often with basic gneisses, in the ‘grey gneiss’ of the area. Four main phases of folding have been determined: F
1
—isoclinal intrafolial folds; F
2
—tight similar folds; F
3
—close and open folds with NW.–SE. axial planes; and F
4
—open and gentle folds with NE.–SW. axial planes. Fold phases (F
1
–F
3
) have been related to successive metamorphic episodes of granulite facies, upper amphibolite facies and lower amphibolite facies which have been assigned to the Scourian, Early and Late Laxfordian respectively on the basis of their structural relationship with intrusive basic bodies which are now amphibolites.

The relations of the ‘grey gneiss’ to the paragneisses and basic gneisses suggest the existence of a pre-Scourian basement. The region is cut by late shears associated with the formation of pseudotachylite.
The sequence in Tiree is related to the structural and metamorphic sequences given by other authors for the Outer Hebrides.
The composition of some kyanite-bearing regionally metamorphosed rocks from the Dalradian
Authors: Atherton M. P. , Brotherton M. S. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
In the Dalradian of Scotland kyanite is confined to pelites with: (a) M/FM (mol. MgO/FeO + MgO) values greater than 0.540; (b) M/FM values below 0.540, but where the ‘available’ or matrix composition, from which the kyanite grew, had an M/FM value exceeding 0.540, due to the removal of FeO from the reacting system. This occurs in rocks with large amounts of refractory garnet or in rocks containing ore minerals whose composition is determined by the ambient oxygen content of the rock. The values for the regional Dalradian pelites are consistent with those found previously for the growth of kyanite in aureole rocks from Donegal, Eire, but in this case a model of ‘available’ composition, as well as the total rock composition has to be considered.
Stratigraphy and structure of Upper Dalradian rocks at the Highland Border
Authors: Harris A. L. , Fettes D. J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Relationships between Dalradian slate and grit formations at Dunkeld, Callander and Aberfoyle are discussed. It is concluded that whereas slates at Aberfoyle lie in the core of a primary fold (the Aberfoyle Anticline), those at Dunkeld lie on the limb of such a fold and are flanked by grits which are respectively younger and older than the slates. At Callander the slates occupy the core of a major synform which has folded already inverted beds.
Since the slates at the Highland Border lie in different structural settings at separate localities their equivalence cannot be readily accepted as hitherto. Consequently, the grit bands which flank the slate bands can no longer be readily correlated over great distances. Correlation of the Lower Cambrian Leny Limestone bands along the Highland Border also becomes less convincing.
Tectonic control of sedimentation at the margin of a Carboniferous depositional basin in Kirkcudbrightshire
Authors: Deegan C. E. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The stratigraphy and sedimentation of the Lower Carboniferous rocks between White Port and Kirkbean, Kirkcudbrightshire have been re-investigated. The sediments fall into two distinct associations (i) light hued, fine-grained carbonate-rich rocks deposited by normal shallow marine and fluviatile agencies and (ii) red beds dominated by coarse conglomerates and deposited predominantly under sub-aerial conditions.
Within the red bed association there are at least two large-scale cycles of deposition commencing with coarse alluvial conglomerates, fining upwards into subordinate shallow marine fossiliferous sediments and then coarsening upwards into alluvial conglomerates again. The origin and preservation of these cycles is related to penecontemporaneous activity on a large basin margin fault, possibly aided by late–Caledonian upward movements within the Southern Uplands.