bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ordered and disordered proteins as nanomaterial building blocks
Authors: Srinivasan Nithya , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: January 2012

AbstractProteins possess a number of attractive properties that have contributed to their recent emergence as nanoscale building blocks for biomaterials and bioinspired materials. For instance, the amino acid sequence of a protein can be precisely controlled and manipulated via recombinant DNA technology, and proteins can be biosynthesized with very high purity and virtually perfect monodispersity. Most importantly, protein‐based biomaterials offer the possibility of technologically harnessing the vast array of functions that these biopolymers serve in nature. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the field of protein‐based biomaterials, with an overall theme of relating protein structure to material properties. We begin by discussing materials based on proteins that have well‐defined three‐dimensional structures, focusing specifically on elastin‐ and silk‐like peptides. We then explore the newer field of materials based on intrinsically disordered proteins, using nucleoporin and neurofilament proteins as case studies. A key theme throughout the review is that specific environmental stimuli can trigger protein conformational changes, which in turn can alter macroscopic material properties and function. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012, 4:204–218. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1160This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a 3D Cobalt(II) Coordination Polymer with Tris(2‐carboxyethyl)iso­cyanurate and 1, 2‐Bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Yang , Xu Rui , Han Zheng‐Bo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new coordination polymer [Co(Htci)(bpe)0.5]·H2O (1) [bpe = 1, 2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene, H3tci = tris(2‐carboxyethyl)isocyanurate] was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which reveals that 1 is a 3D pillar‐layered structure.
Calories, beauty, and ovulation: The effects of the menstrual cycle on food and appearance‐related consumption
Authors: Saad Gad , Stenstrom Eric 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe menstrual cycle has been largely ignored within the consumer research literature. Using a survey panel, women's food and appearance‐related consumption was tracked for 35 consecutive days. As predicted, food‐related desires, dollars spent, and eating behaviors were greater during the luteal (non‐fertile) phase, whereas appearance‐related desires, dollars spent, and beautification behaviors increased during the fertile phase. Dollars spent on products unrelated to food or beautification were not significantly influenced by the menstrual cycle. Hence, women's consumption desires, preferences, and dollars spent in evolutionarily relevant product categories (food and mating) fluctuate across their ovulatory cycle. Branding‐related implications are briefly discussed.
Physics teaching in the medical schools of Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Jiann‐wien , Hsu Roy 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe describe and analyze the statistics of general physics and laboratory courses in the medical schools of Taiwan. We explore the development of the general physics curriculum for medical students of Taiwan. Also, an approach to designing a general physics course in combination with its application to medical sciences is proposed. We hope this preliminary study can provide a useful reference for physics colleagues in the medical schools of Taiwan to revolutionize the dynamics of teaching physics to the medical students of Taiwan.
On Some Recent Exhibits
Authors: Smith Reginald A. 
Published: January 2012

In April last the Society published two gold crescents found in Cornwall and now in Truro Museum; and in view of the proximity of Ireland, it is not surprising that others have been found; but the present exhibit (figs. 1–3) is the most important of its kind, being the only case in which anything to indicate a precise date has been found with gold crescents anywhere. Mr. George Penrose, Local Secretary, and Curator of Truro Museum, sent with the three objects in question the following information:‘The two gold crescents (figs. 1, 2) and bronze celt (fig. 3) sent for exhibition were found together, close to the edge of a low cliff at Harlyn or Perlaze Bay, near Padstow, Cornwall, sometime during the year 1864.
An Iron Age Site near Epsom
Authors: Frere Sheppard 
Published: January 2012

The site here to be described was discovered in November 1940, when the writer was examining mechanical excavations near Longdown Lane, Epsom, for archaeological material; and it consists of a shallow pit containing remains attributable to the Iron Age. The site (fig. 1) lies about 330 ft. above O.D. on a northward sloping spur of the North Downs. Thus the subsoil is Upper Chalk (Marsupites Zone); but in places this is capped with Tertiary clay, and occasionally there are deep flaws in the rock, also filled with clay. The modern plough-soil hereabouts is 1 ft. thick, and below it is a layer of old plough-soil visible as brown clay with small chalk particles, on an average 6 in. deep. In the edge of the mechanical excavation above mentioned there was seen (fig. 2) a pit sunk through the brown plough-soil into the natural clay pocket, and its top had of course been removed by modern ploughing. The pit was filled with dark soil; its floor was flat and lay 2 ft. from the surface and was 2 ft. 2 in. wide. The dark filling contained small potsherds, tiny particles of charcoal, bone burnt and unburnt, and the lower stone of a saddlequern.The writer salvaged as much as was practicable on the spot, and later obtained permission to empty the whole pit; but it was not possible to clear any large area and search for post-holes. When cleared, the pit was seen to have a level floor and to be roughly circular with a diameter of 3 ft. The walls were not undercut, but sloped steeply down to the flat floor (fig. 2).
An Equestrian Aquamanile of the Thirteenth Century
Authors: Nelson Philip 
Published: January 2012

It may be remembered that some years ago, in a paper read before this Society, ‘Equestrian Aquamaniles’ were divided into three groups, according to the mode of exit of the water from the vessel, which groups were arranged as follows:Group I. Exit from the mouth of the horse, A.D. 1180–1270.Group II. Exit from the forehead of the horse, A.D. 1270–1350.Group III. Exit from the chest of the horse, A.D. 1350–1450.The equestrian aquamanile now to be considered, which has a dark, lustrous patina, measures 11½ in. in length and 12¾ in. in height and belongs to group II and to that subdivision in which the head and body of the rider are turned to one side.
Quelques Sculptures anglaises d'Albâtre conservées en Belgique
Authors: Squilbeck Jean 
Published: January 2012

On ne s'est guère occupé jusqu'ici des albâtres anglais conservés en Belgique. Ils sont pourtant nombreux et le plus souvent pleins d'intérêt.Nous n'avons plus de retables complets comme ceux que le Comte Biver a signalés dès 1910, dans l'Archaeological Journal. Ils ont été vraisemblablement démembrés par les Iconoclastes qui ont fait, dans les anciens Pays-Bas, des ravages peut-être moins systématiques que ceux des Puritains anglais, mais hélas aggravés par les invasions et les guerres.
Excavations at Ur, 1928–9
Authors: Woolley C. Leonard 
Published: January 2012

The seventh campaign of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania at Ur started on October 24 1928, and continued until the end of February 1929. The Staff consisted of my wife, Mr. M. E. L. Mallowan, general assistant, and the Rev. E. Burrows, S.J., as epigraphist. Mr. Mallowan was detained in England by illness and did not join us in the field until early in December, up to which time my wife, in addition to doing all the drawings, was my sole field assistant, and subsequently continued to share with me the whole of the cemetery work of the season. The excavation of the graveyard area kept us busy during the greater part of the winter, and we dug 454 graves in all. By the end of January the area proposed for the current year had been exhausted, and attention was devoted to the strata underlying and bordering on the graveyard. It was this work that led to the discoveries connected with the Flood. On Mr. Mallowan's arrival more men were enrolled and set to work on the courtyard of the great Nannar Temple. By the middle of February this task also was completed, and finally, for the last ten days of the season, both gangs were drafted off for experimental work on the city walls of Ur. The results of the season therefore fall under four headings:I. The Cemetery.II. The buildings and rubbish-mounds of the pre-cemetery town and the evidence for the Flood.III. The Nannar Temple.IV. The Town Walls.
The Sidmouth Bronze: Legionary Standard or Tripod?
Authors: Taylor M. V. 
Published: January 2012

The well-known bronze figure of a centaur and rider (pl. viii) now in the Royal Albert Memorial Museum at Exeter was found on the beach at the foot of the cliffs (near two geological faults) about 200 yards east of the little river Sid by some fishermen in 1840.The only other recorded discoveries of Roman objects at Sidmouth consist of a few coins on the sea beach—a ‘first brass’ of Vespasian, a Commodus of A.D. 183, and a small brass of Constantine I (as well as a Bactrian copper)—and others in Sidmouth or the neighbourhood, while pottery of the first, and perhaps second, century A.D., ultimately from the Early Iron Age hill-fort at High Peak, two miles south-west of Sidmouth, has also been noted. The nearest site of any Roman structure is at Seaton, some nine or ten miles to the northeast, where traces of a Roman house have been observed. Until something more substantial has been discovered we can only conclude that the little harbour at the mouth of the river Sid in the Roman period was visited by a few travellers, but not extensively inhabited. It may even be that the bronze object, though of Roman date, was brought by a post-Roman traveller, or decorated a bowsprit when Sidmouth harbour was in use at a later date.The object comprises a group of a centaur with rider and charging beast set on a pedestal which rests on a shank, now broken; at the top of the shank and immediately below the pedestal is a heavy hook-like bracket. The whole measures 7 in. high (from the top of the centaur's head to the bottom of the broken shank) and 5 in. at its maximum width. It has been cast and is hollow, and is very much worn by the action of the sea, a pebble being still lodged in the mouth and another under the arm of the centaur. The shank also is hollow, about 1½ in. deep, and filled with lead, perhaps in modern times.
Early Artillery Fortifications at Oslo and Trondheim
Authors: O'Neil B. H. St. J. 
Published: January 2012

At the present time, when the thoughts and sympathy of many are with our Norwegian friends and allies, it may be of interest to recall certain other occasions on which they have had to face invasion from the sea. Moreover, the fortifications erected in Norway during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries are of particular interest for comparison with those of this country during the same period, since, doubtless owing to their geographical position, both countries seem to have been influenced only gradually and spasmodically by the developing military science of the middle European peoples, the Germans and Italians.Most of the artillery fortifications existing in Norway, as described in Festninger og andre militœrbygninger, date from the late seventeenth century or later, but even very brief research at the time of the International Congress of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences at Oslo in 1936 showed that some portions of earlier work still exist at various places, largely incorporated in later defences. No extensive survey of these remains can be attempted here, since the material is not readily available, but the two illustrations of Oslo (Christiania) here reproduced form an excellent introduction to the study of such defences.
The Chichester Amphitheatre: Preliminary Excavations
Authors: White G. M. 
Published: January 2012

The discovery of the Roman amphitheatre at Chichester was made by a local resident, Mr. Raymond Carlyon-Britton, to whom the writer is indebted for permission to use that knowledge.Believing that an amphitheatre would be a normal adjunct of a Roman town of the size and importance of Chichester, Mr. Carlyon-Britton began an examination of the outskirts of the city in 1934, with the result that, early in 1935, the writer was shown the site which has since proved to be that of the amphitheatre. It lies outside the city on the SE. (fig. 1), just over 200 yards from the walls and divided from them by the now covered course of the Lavant stream, and about 250 yards from the East Gate, where Stane Street branches off north-eastwards. The line of approach from the East Gate to the amphitheatre has not been determined; a road may have led to it directly from the East Gate, or branched off, beyond the Lavant stream, from the road which no doubt ran eastwards along the coast.
Pre-Roman Finds at Folkestone
Authors: Winbolt S. E. 
Published: January 2012

It was probably before the Claudian invasion of A. D. 43 that the following objects found at Folkestone were either produced in or imported into Britain.In 1918 (February and December) Mr. C. H. Stevens found in an allotment, a little west-south-west of Radnor Park, three burial urns, a flagon, and a Samian cup (fig. 1). The first found (25th February)—A on photograph—contained human bones and earth, and was much broken, but was skilfully restored by the finder.
A Beaker-like Vessel from Bushmills, Co. Antrim
Authors: Chitty Lily F. 
Published: January 2012

BY the courtesy of Mr. Arthur Deane, F.R.S.E., M.R.I.A., Curator of the Municipal Museum and Art Gallery, Belfast, I am permitted to direct attention to a vessel of outstanding interest among the magnificent collection of Irish prehistoric pottery under his charge. For help in studying it during visits to Belfast in September 1930 and 1931, I would express my gratitude also to his Staff and to Miss M. Gaffikin, whose photographs are here reproduced (pl. XL).The pot (no. 332–1924) appears to be a degenerate example of a beaker of the Early Bronze Age. It came to the Museum with the collection of the late Mr. J. Theodore Richardson, then living at Cultra, co. Down, in July 1924: the manuscript list describes it as ‘No. 12, Cinerary Urn from near Bushmills’, but no positive evidence is extant to show that it was associated with a burial and no particulars of its discovery are forthcoming. This is the more regrettable on account of the rare occurrence of beakers in Ireland.
Private Purse Accounts of the Marquis of Hertford, Michaelmas 1641–2
Authors: Morgan F. C. 
Published: January 2012

A few months ago the catalogue of an auction sale in Shropshire contained an entry of a manuscript, believed to be of the fifteenth century, relating to Herefordshire. Upon inspection it was established that this was an imperfect rent roll, probably of the steward of a bishop of the see of Hereford. Unfortunately as the caption and several membranes are missing it is impossible to give the exact date.Near by in the sale room was a box of oddments, largely consisting of old school books and miscellaneous articles. Upon turning these over the writer noticed a folio manuscript volume, bound in leather, and found that this was the steward's records of leases of various properties belonging to the Somerset family in Herefordshire in the seventeenth century. A commission to purchase the two manuscripts for Hereford Public Library was unsuccessful, but later they were secured by negotiation. Upon closer examination the volume was found to have served two purposes. It had been turned upside down and the one end used to record the private purse expenses of the marquis of Hertford for a year from Michaelmas 1641 to Michaelmas 1642 by William Booth, his steward. It had been intended to record six months' expenditure only, but this had been extended to the full year, as noted in a different handwriting.
The Congress of Archaeological Societies
Authors: O'Neil B. H. St. J. 
Published: January 2012

In 1888 the Society of Antiquaries of London issued a circular to many archaeological societies, which began as follows:‘In accordance with a request conveyed in a memorial from a large number of representative members of various Archaeological Societies throughout England and Wales, the President and Council of the Society of Antiquaries of London have resolved to summon a Congress of Delegates of the leading local Societies to be held in their Apartments at Burlington House on a day in the ensuing Autumn hereafter to be fixed.‘Each Society will be requested to send not more than two Delegates to the Congress, the object of which will be to consider in what manner to promote:—1. The better organization of antiquarian research, and2. The preservation of ancient monuments and records.’The year 1888, therefore, marks the actual birth of the Congress, although its first meeting was not held until 17th July, 1889.
North Street, Folkestone, Kent
Authors: O'Neil B. H. St. J. 
Published: January 2012

This street is close to the area of Folkestone which suffered severely from enemy action; indeed certain of the houses, which were once at its southern end, no longer exist. Examination of the remaining houses, several of them shaken by blast, was undertaken with a view to the removal of any fittings of value, should it be decided to demolish them.This examination led at once to the realization that nearly all of the remaining houses, nos. 13 to 49 (on the western side) and 16 to 44 (on the eastern), are of seventeenth-century type with but one room on each floor, ground, first, and attic. Many hundreds of this type of seventeenth-century house have recently been studied at Great Yarmouth, where some dated examples belong to the first half of the century. At that town certain features occur in all houses of that half-century so far studied. They are (1) a front door and a back door opposite to one another with connecting passage, off which opened the ground-floor room; (2) a fire-place on the side of the room opposite to the passage, flanked on one side by a cupboard with a small window lighting it and on the other side by a winding stair, closed at the bottom by a door; and (3) the continuance of this stair to the attic floor with small windows lighting it between each floor. Stop-chamfered beams are, of course, very frequently found.
The Palaeolithic Sequence at Iver, Bucks. With an Appendix on the Geology
Authors: Lacaille A. D. , Oakley K. P. 
Published: January 2012

References to palaeolithic implements from the Pleistocene deposits in the Buckinghamshire parish of Iver have appeared from time to time in the Proceedings of learned societies. The British Museum Guide to Antiquities of the Stone Age, 1926, p. 46, mentions artifacts from this district, where palaeoliths have been collected for nearly half a century, but a general summary has not been made showing the sequence of cultures and the significance of the relics from the local deposits. The author has had the commercial workings in the Iver gravels under observation for a number of years, and thinks that the archaeological evidence, now made available as a result of continuous supervision, may perhaps assist in the revision of published material.The area under review measures almost two miles from east to west and a mile and a half from north to south (map, fig. 1). It may be taken as bounded on the east by the Colne Brook, one of the branches of the River Colne, and on the west by a line passing through Parsonage Farm south-west of Shreding Green, which stands, like the eastern end of Iver village in the north-east corner of the rectangle, at an altitude of 120 ft.
DANCEHALL POLITICS: MOBILITY, SEXUALITY, AND SPECTACLES OF RACIAL RESPECTABILITY IN LATE COLONIAL TANGANYIKA, 1930s–1961
Authors: CALLACI EMILY 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThis article explores the relationship between understandings of youth sexuality and mobility, and racial nationalism in late colonial Tanganyika through a history of dansi: a dance mode first popularized by Tanganyikan youth in the 1930s. Dansi's heterosocial choreography and cosmopolitan connotations provoked widespread anxieties among rural elders and urban elites over the mobility, economic autonomy, and sexual agency of youth. In urban commercial dancehalls in the 1950s, dansi staged emerging cultural solidarities among migrant youth, while also making visible social divisions based on class and gender. At the same time, nationalist intellectuals attempted to reform dansi according to an emerging political rhetoric of racial respectability.
Gastroenteritis in older people living in the community: results of two Australian surveys
Authors: KIRK M. D. , HALL G. V. , BECKER N. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYWe analysed two large national surveys conducted in 2001 and 2008 to examine incidence and outcomes of gastroenteritis in older Australians. A case was someone reporting ⩾3 loose stools or ⩾1 episode of vomiting in 24 h, excluding non-infectious causes. We compared cases arising in the elderly (⩾65 years) and in other adults (20–64 years). Elderly people experienced 0·33 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·24–0·42] episodes of gastroenteritis/person per year, compared to 0·95 (95% CI 0·74–1·15) in other adults. Elderly cases reported less stomach cramps, fever and myalgia than younger cases, and were more likely to be hospitalized, although this was not statistically significant. In multivariable analysis, gastroenteritis in elderly people was associated with travelling within the state (odds ratio 1·35, 95% CI 1·07–1·71). Elderly people were less concerned about food safety than other adults. Older Australians were less likely to report gastroenteritis and experienced different symptoms and outcomes from other adults.
Business leaders and town gentry in early industrial Britain: specialist occupations and shared urbanism
Authors: CORFIELD PENELOPE J. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT:Three major conclusions are derived from close study of Britain's pioneering directories in the 1770s and 1780s. First, they show that over 30,000 leading townsmen and women were enmeshed into the burgeoning knowledge grid through the public listings of their addresses, status and occupations. Secondly, a close examination of that information reveals a notable extent of occupational specialization – among both men and women, and among individuals and the nascent firms – thus confirming one of Adam Smith's key observations about the nature of Britain's increasingly commercialized, if still largely pre-mechanized, economy. Thirdly, aggregative analysis highlights systematic differences in the socio-economic characteristics of different towns: from manufacturing, commercial and professional centres to the great capital cities to the specialist leisure towns and resorts – all interlocking in an inter-dependent urban network. Hence this evidence suggests that a generic re-interpretation of all large towns as ‘residential leisure towns’ on the strength of their flourishing cultural life (as recently proposed by Stobart and Schwarz) is misleading, as it obscures significant systemic differences between different types of towns. At the same time, however, the interlinked urban network was generating a confidently shared urbanism, bridging between aristocratic and middle-class society. That link was exemplified by the listing of numerous titled and gentlemanly ‘town gentry’ alongside the business leaders – as the directories in effect flourished their collective calling cards.