bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and pharmacological properties of N‐substituted‐N′‐(4,6‐dimethylpyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐thiourea derivatives and related fused heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Saeed Sohail , Rashid Naghmana , Jones Peter G. , Tahir Arifa 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
A series of new N‐Substituted‐N′‐(4,6‐dimethylpyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐thiourea derivatives (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) and related fused heterocyclic compounds (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) were synthesized using tetrabutylammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst (PTC). N‐[(2E)‐5,7‐dimethyl‐2H‐[1,2,4] thiadiazolo [2,3‐a] pyrimidin‐2‐ylidene] derivatives (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) were prepared by oxidative cyclization of 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d. The structures of these novel compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and the elemental analysis. The crystal structures were determined from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data. The results indicated that the compounds possessed a broad spectrum of activity against the tested microorganisms and showed higher activity against fungi than bacteria. Compounds 3d and 3a exhibited the greatest antimicrobial activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
A facile synthesis of novel thiazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐ones
Authors: Liang Ying , He Hong‐Wu , Yang Zi‐Wen 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Sixteen 5‐alkylamino‐3,6‐diaryl‐2‐thioxo‐2,3,6,7‐tetrahydrothiazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐ones 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, 4i, 4j, 4k, 4l, 4m, 4n, 4o, 4p were designed and easily synthesized via a tandem aza‐Wittig reaction. The iminophosphorane 2, obtained from reaction of 1 with triphenylphosphine, hexachloroethane and Et3N, reacted with aromatic isocyanate to give carbodiimide 3. carbodiimide 3 reacted with alkylamines to provide the title compounds in 45–61% isolated yields in presence of catalytic amount of ethoxide. The structures of compounds 4 were confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, MS, and elemental analysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
The evolution of volatile compounds profile of “Toscano” dry‐cured ham during ripening as revealed by SPME‐GC‐MS approach
Authors: Pugliese C. , Sirtori F. , Calamai L. , Franci O. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe volatile compounds profile is an important feature for the characterization of dry‐cured hams. Some minor typical Italian products, such as ‘Toscano’ ham, have been poorly studied in regards to their composition of volatile compounds. In this article, we studied the evolution of the aromatic profile of ‘Toscano’ dry‐cured ham by solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC‐MS) with ripening. Ten right thighs were cured according to the ‘Toscano’ PDO protocol, sampled at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months and submitted to volatile compounds analysis by SPME with a Divinylbenzene (DVB)/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 75‐µ Stable Flex fibre. An Agilent 5975C mass selective detector (MSD) spectrometer with electron ionization (EI) source operating in scan mode within the m/z 29–350 range was used for data collection. Seven internal standards, either deuterium labeled or absent in the specimens and chosen to represent low or high boiling esters, alcohols, acids or phenols, were added to the homogenized samples and used to normalize the SPME fibre response to account for response changes upon wearing. Linear calibrations were obtained in this way for selected representative compounds. Over 60 compounds belonging to esters, aldehydes, organic acids, ketones and alcohols were identified by comparison with spectral libraries and Kovats indices. Aldehydes were the most represented chemical family, followed by organic acids, alcohols, ketones and esters. The aldehydes and ketones increased during the first 3 months, when the larger formation of volatiles occurred. For other families, the evolution over time was less evident. The principal component and discriminant analyses of the aromatic profile were effective in classifying the hams at 0, 6 or 12 months of ripening while for 1 and 3 months' samples a partial overlapping was shown. These results represent the first characterization of ‘Toscano’ ham and may constitute the basis to identify the best ripening time and define an analytical quality standard for this typical ham. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal temperature trends on the Yunnan Plateau (Southwest China) during 1961–2004
Authors: Fan Ze‐Xin , Bräuning Achim , Thomas Axel , Li Jin‐Bao , Cao Kun‐Fang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMonthly mean (TEM), maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) surface air temperatures at 119 meteorological stations on the Yunnan Plateau (YP, Southwest China) were analysed for temporal trends and spatial variation patterns during the period 1961–2004. Linear trend analyses revealed that annual temperature over the YP increased at a rate of 0.3 °C/decade during the period 1961–2004, while warming trend of 0.33 °C/decade and 0.26 °C/decade was observed for winter and summer temperatures, respectively. Warming trends of nighttime minimum temperature are more pronounced than those of daytime maximum temperature, especially during winter season. Consequently, a decreasing trend of diurnal temperature ranges (DTR = Tmax − Tmin) was observed. Five spatial patterns of temperature variability were objectively defined by rotated empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, which are associated with distinct temporal temperature variations and geographical area over the YP. Annual temperature increases were found to be most pronounced in the southern and northwestern (high‐elevation) parts of the YP, whereas the hot‐dry valleys along the Yangtze and Red River basins experienced cooling during the past four decades. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The effects of bevacizumab on postoperative complications in patients undergoing colorectal and pancreatic cancer resection
Authors: Cheon E.C. , Small W. , Strouch M.J. , Krantz S.B. , Rademaker A. , Mulcahy M.F. , Benson A.B. , Bentrem D.J. , Talamonti M.S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBevacizumab (Avastin™; rhuMab VEGF), a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has seen increased use in the perioperative treatment of colorectal and pancreatic cancer. Little is known, however, regarding its impact on surgical outcomes in patients undergoing resection. The objective of this review was to examine if the addition of bevacizumab to existing neoadjuvant regimens increases morbidity after cancer resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:539–542. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deterrents to tourism development in Iran
Authors: Morakabati Yeganeh 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThere are parts of the Middle East that can be regarded as being among the least preferred tourism destinations in the world. Research shows that travellers' perceptions of the region, as a whole, have been damaged and that, for some nations, the situation has gone from bad to worse. The combination of a hard‐line attitude towards religion, oil and water shortages have led to the onset of war and conflict, either among countries within the region, or have resulted in countries from within the region having conflicts with countries located outside of the region. This paper looks at the Middle East in general and Iran in particular in order to review its tourism potential and explains how the process of its development as a tourism destination has been hampered. This research also attempts to discover why, in spite of several attempts by the Iranian government, tourism has failed to develop to its true potential. The research is informed by a questionnaire survey of travellers together with a Mini‐Delphi Study of tourism academics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilisation of hydrogen bonding in polypropylene glycol at EHL contact region
Authors: Takiwatari Koji , Nanao Hidetaka , Suzuki Eiichi , Mori Shigeyuki 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn the present work, the stabilisation of hydrogen bonding of polypropylene glycol at elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) contact was investigated by in situ observation with a micro‐Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and the effect of hydrostatic pressure on infrared (IR) spectra was confirmed using a diamond anvil cell. Polypropylene glycols with different molecular weights were used as sample oils. Polypropylene glycol molecules interact with themselves by hydrogen bonding with their hydroxyl groups. Stability of the hydrogen bonding is observed by IR peak shift of the O–H stretching mode (3400–3700 cm−1). In the case of the dynamic condition under EHL, the C–H stretching mode shifted to a higher wavenumber, whereas the O–H stretching mode shifted to a lower wavenumber at the Hertzian contact region. This result means that the hydrogen bonding of polypropylene glycol was stabilised under high pressure, and the stabilisation of hydrogen bonding by pressure was dependent on the molecular weight of polypropylene glycol. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of Bioactive Composite Scaffolds by Electrospinning for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Nandakumar Anandkumar , Fernandes Hugo , de Boer Jan , Moroni Lorenzo , Habibovic Pamela , van Blitterswijk Clemens A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractElectrospun scaffolds are widely used for various biomedical applications. In this study, we prepared electrospun bioactive composite scaffolds combining hydroxyapatite, collagen (Col) and a synthetic polymer—PolyActive™—to mimic naturally occurring extracellular matrix for in situ bone regeneration. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) adhered and proliferated on these scaffolds. Cells on all scaffold types showed an increased metabolic activity with time. On day 4, the metabolic activity of cells cultured on PolyActive™ (PA)–hydroxyapatite (HA)–Col in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanolhexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) was significantly higher than that of cells grown on PA–Col samples. Furthermore, on day 6, cells on PA–HA–Col in HFIP showed significantly higher metabolic activity than those on PA and PA–Col scaffolds. Quantitative PCR analysis for a panel of osteogenic genes showed statistically significant differences between scaffolds. Cells cultured on PA–HA scaffolds had a significantly higher osteonectin and RunX2 expression compared to those on PA–HA–Col scaffolds. Cells on PA–HA–Col in HFIP scaffolds had significantly higher expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Col 1 compared to PA and PA–Col scaffolds respectively. The bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and S100A4 expression of PA–Col and PA–HA–Col constructs was significantly lower than the basal level expression of cells on PA scaffolds. Although not statistically significant in all cases, cells cultured on PA–HA–Col in HFIP and PA–HA scaffolds had the highest expression for most of the genes analysed. The results of the study demonstrate that bioactive composite scaffolds prepared by electrospinning could find potential use in bone regeneration applications.magnified image
Root‐mean‐square‐deviation‐based rapid backbone resonance assignments in proteins
Authors: Rout Ashok K. , Barnwal Ravi P. , Agarwal Geetika , Chary Kandala V. R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe have shown that the methodology based on the estimation of root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD) between two sets of chemical shifts is very useful to rapidly assign the spectral signatures of 1HN, 13Cα, 13Cβ, 13C′, 1Hα and 15N spins of a given protein in one state from the knowledge of its resonance assignments in a different state, without resorting to routine established procedures (manual and automated). We demonstrate the utility of this methodology to rapidly assign the 3D spectra of a metal‐binding protein in its holo‐state from the knowledge of its assignments in apo‐state, the spectra of a protein in its paramagnetic state from the knowledge of its assignments in diamagnetic state and, finally, the spectra of a mutant protein from the knowledge of the chemical shifts of the corresponding wild‐type protein. The underlying assumption of this methodology is that, it is impossible for any two amino acid residues in a given protein to have all the six chemical shifts degenerate and that the protein under consideration does not undergo large conformational changes in going from one conformational state to another. The methodology has been tested using experimental data on three proteins, M‐crystallin (8.5 kDa, predominantly β‐sheet, for apo‐ to holo‐state), Calbindin (7.5 kDa, predominantly α‐helical, for diamagnetic to paramagnetic state and apo to holo) and EhCaBP1 (14.3 kDa, α‐helical, the wild‐type protein with one of its mutant). In all the cases, the extent of assignment is found to be greater than 85%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure elucidation of new acacic acid‐type saponins from Albizia coriaria
Authors: Noté Olivier Placide , Chabert Philippe , Pegnyemb Dieudonné Emmanuel , Weniger Bernard , Lacaille‐Dubois Marie‐Aleth , Lobstein Annelise 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThree new acacic acid derivatives, named coriariosides C, D, and E (1–3) were isolated from the roots of Albizia coriaria. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR studies and mass spectrometry as 3‐O‐[β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐2‐(acetamido)‐2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]‐21‐O‐{(2E,6S)‐6‐O‐{4‐O‐[(2E,6S)‐2,6‐dimethyl‐ 6‐O‐(β‐D‐quinovopyranosyl)octa‐2,7‐dienoyl]‐4‐O‐[(2E,6S)‐2,6‐dimethyl‐6‐O‐(β‐D‐quinovopyranosyl)octa‐2,7‐dienoyl]‐β‐D‐quinovopyranosyl}‐2,6‐dimethylocta‐2,7‐dienoyl}acacic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (1), 3‐O‐{β‐D‐fucopyranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl}‐21‐O‐{(2E,6S)‐6‐O‐{4‐O‐[(2E,6S)‐2,6‐dimethyl‐6‐O‐(β‐D‐quinovopyranosyl)octa‐2,7‐dienoyl]‐4‐O‐[(2E,6S)‐2,6‐dimethyl‐6‐O‐(β‐D‐quinovopyranosyl)octa‐2,7‐dienoyl]‐β‐D‐quinovopyranosyl}‐2,6‐dimethylocta‐2,7‐dienoyl}acacic acid 28‐O‐α‐L‐rhamno pyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (2), and 3‐O‐[β‐D‐fucopyranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]‐21‐O‐{(2E,6S)‐6‐O‐{4‐O‐[(2E,6S)‐2,6‐dimethyl‐6‐O‐(β‐D‐quinovopyranosyl)octa‐2,7‐dienoyl)‐β‐D‐quinovopyranosyl]octa‐2,7‐dienoyl}acacic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (3). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cohesive‐frictional model for bond and splitting action of prestressing wire
Authors: Gálvez J. C. , Benítez J. M. , Casati M. J. , Tork B. S. , Cendón D. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical procedure for bond between indented wires and concrete, and the coupled splitting process of the surrounding concrete. The bond model is an interface, non‐associative, plasticity model. It is coupled with a cohesive fracture model for concrete to take into account the splitting of such concrete. Bond between steel and concrete is fundamental for the transmission of stresses between both materials in precast prestressed concrete. Indented wires are used to improve the bond in these structural elements. The radial component of the prestressing force, increased by Poisson's effect, may split the surrounding concrete, decreasing the wire confinement and diminishing the bonding. The combined action of the bond and the splitting is studied with the proposed model. The results of the numerical model are compared with the results of a series of tests, such as those which showed splitting induced by the bond between wire and concrete. Tests with different steel indentation depths were performed. The numerical procedure accurately reproduces the experimental records and improves knowledge of this complex process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SNMP‐based enterprise IP network topology discovery
Authors: Pandey Suman , Choi Mi‐Jung , Won Young J. , Won‐Ki Hong James 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPrecise network topology information is required to perform management activities such as fault detection, root cause analysis, performance monitoring, and load balancing in enterprise networks. To accomplish these management tasks, both network discovery and connectivity information are essential. This paper examines various problems with the existing topology discovery mechanisms and proposes an SNMP‐based approach to discover physical as well as logical topology. We present algorithms for identifying network device types and discovering connectivity among them. The connectivity of end host and management information base (MIB)‐enabled devices with switches and routers is discussed and evaluated. We also present an algorithm for discovering logical topology, such as VLAN and subnet connectivity. Finally, we present a combination of graph and tree layouts, to visualize connectivity information. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone reactions on a pliocene cetacean rib indicate short‐term survival of predation event
Authors: Kallal R. J. , Godfrey S. J. , Ortner D. J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThere is little osteological evidence of non‐lethal predation events in the archaeological or vertebrate paleontological record. A small section of Pliocene cetacean rib collected from the Yorktown Formation within the PCS Phosphate Mine (formerly Lee Creek Mine), Aurora, North Carolina, U.S.A., shows evidence of this kind of trophic interaction. In this case study, we offer a diagnosis of bone traumatic pathology in which three bone‐forming lesions on the partial rib are interpreted as the reaction to a bite inflicted by a macro‐predator, the first such report from a marine environment. In addition to the three well‐defined lesions, a thin layer of woven bone covers much of the remaining cortical bone. The combination of the three bone‐forming lesions and the thin layer of woven bone suggest the presence of an inflammatory process almost certainly caused by infection secondary to the trauma. Survival following the traumatic event was probably less than 6 weeks. The Neogene chondrichthyan fauna from this locality preserves several large predators, includingCarcharocles megalodon,Carcharodon carcharias,Isurus xiphidonandParotodus benedeni, which were all capable, at least in terms of their size, of having bitten the cetacean. Although most of the odontocetes known from the Yorktown Formation were too small to have inflicted this wound, some of the physeterids may have been large enough to have caused the lesions on the partial rib. This evidence of predation in Pliocene whale bone raises the possibility of similar lesions being found in whale bone recovered from archaeological sites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LQ control of rectangular descriptor systems: Numerical algorithm and existence results
Authors: Stefanovski Jovan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe present a structure‐preserving numerical algorithm, based on using orthogonal matrices, and sufficient conditions for LQ control of rectangular descriptor systems. The sufficient conditions are quite general: stabilizability, impulse controllability, generalizations of detectability and impulse observability. The solution in the case of wide descriptor system differs from the solution of tall descriptor system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An hp‐adaptive pseudospectral method for solving optimal control problems
Authors: Darby Christopher L. , Hager William W. , Rao Anil V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn hp‐adaptive pseudospectral method is presented for numerically solving optimal control problems. The method presented in this paper iteratively determines the number of segments, the width of each segment, and the polynomial degree required in each segment in order to obtain a solution to a user‐specified accuracy. Starting with a global pseudospectral approximation for the state, on each iteration the method determines locations for the segment breaks and the polynomial degree in each segment for use on the next iteration. The number of segments and the degree of the polynomial on each segment continue to be updated until a user‐specified tolerance is met. The terminology ‘ hp’ is used because the segment widths (denoted h) and the polynomial degree (denoted p) in each segment are determined simultaneously. It is found that the method developed in this paper leads to higher accuracy solutions with less computational effort and memory than is required in a global pseudospectral method. Consequently, the method makes it possible to solve complex optimal control problems using pseudospectral methods in cases where a global pseudospectral method would be computationally intractable. Finally, the utility of the method is demonstrated on a variety of problems of varying complexity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public–private partnerships and developing‐country agriculture: Evidence from the international agricultural research system
Authors: Spielman David J , Hartwich Frank , Grebmer Klaus 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study examines the role of public–private partnerships (PPPs) in promoting pro‐poor productivity‐enhancing technological innovation in the international agricultural research system. The study examines the extent to which PPPs are being used to overcome market and institutional failures that otherwise inhibit the development and dissemination of technologies targeted specifically to small‐scale, resource‐poor farmers in developing countries. Drawing on a survey of 75 PPP projects in the international system, findings suggest that while PPPs are changing the way the system manages its research agenda, few partnerships lead to joint innovation processes with the private sector. This indicates the need for closer examination of organizational practices, cultures, and incentives in the international agricultural research system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐surfactant template‐directed synthesis of SiO2‐polyimide hybrid self‐standing films with ordered mesoporous structure
Authors: Dai Xin , Geng Lei , Fu Yuqin , Liu Dan , Lü Changli 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe silica‐PI hybrid self‐standing films with ordered mesoporous structure have been prepared by using dibenzoyl‐L‐tartaric acid (L‐DBTA) as non‐surfactant template under mild sol–gel route. Polyimide matrix was obtained from polyamic acid (PAA) via thermal imidization process and the template was removed in this process. The PI‐based hybrid film with 20 wt% SiO2 obtained from DBTA presented the ordered mesoporous channels with average pore size of about 2.0 nm and BET surface area of 1167 m2/g. FTIR and SEM studies indicated that the hydrogen bond interaction between the carboxylic groups of DBTA and benzamide bonds of PAA made the PAA possibly participate in the assembly process of the aggregates of the non‐surfactant template molecules. The mechanical, thermal and some physical properties of these hybrid films materials were also characterized. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of nano‐platelet‐like hydroxyapatite/gelatin nanocomposites
Authors: Wan Yizao , Zuo Guifu , Liu Chao , Li Xiaolei , He Fang , Ren Kaijing , Luo Honglin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNature has succeeded in creating numerous bionanocomposites such as bones and teeth consisting of nano‐platelets and biopolymers. Understanding of the mechanisms of formation and of the relation between structure and properties is vital for development of new materials for biomedical and engineering applications. In this work, varying contents of nano‐platelet‐like hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been used to reinforce gelatin (Gel) to produce nanocomposites. The prepared HAp/Gel nanocomposites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) analyses. XRD, TEM, and FTIR results confirm the synthesis of intercalated and exfoliated nanostructures depending on the amount of gelatin. TG results reveal that the intercalated HAp/gelatin nanocomposites show improved thermal properties as compared to pristine gelatin. The results reported here can be expanded to other HAp–polymer systems, thus paving a new way of designing and fabricating biomemitic nanocomposites for future engineering and particularly for biomedical applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.