bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AZ31 magnesium alloy reinforced with ZrB2
Authors: Venkatesan R , Harikrishna KL , Sivashanmugam N 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Metal matrix composites (MMC) have advantages over polymer matrix composites such as high stiffness and strength, high-temperature resistance, better abrasion resistance, creep resistance, resistance to degradation by fluids, dimensional stability, and non-flammability. Metal matrix composites are used for various applications in the automotive, aerospace and sporting goods industries. The primary objectives of the current research work encompass the fabrication of Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) AZ31 with 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% zirconium boride (ZrB2) nano-powder by the stir casting process, followed by welding through Friction Stir Welding (FSW). The metallographic analysis was carried out on the weldments of all cases. The macroscopic and microscopic analysis confirmed the defect-free weld joint. Tensile and hardness tests were conducted to study the mechanical properties of the materials. The tensile strength and the percentage of elongation increased with the percentage of ZrB2. But, after 1.0% addition of nano particles the strength decreased. The same pattern had been observed in both base and welded samples. The defect-free welding joints were fabricated with an efficiency of 79.1%, 79.7% and 77.7% for the materials with 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% nano powder, respectively. EIS and PDP tests were conducted in 3.5% NaCl to study the corrosion behaviour of base and welded materials. The corrosion tests on the base MMC samples showed that the corrosion resistance increased after the addition of ZrB2 nanoparticles. In addition, the corrosion resistance of all the welded samples improved compared with their respective base materials.
Ten principles for responsible quantum innovation
Authors: Kop Mauritz , Aboy Mateo , De Jong Eline , Gasser Urs , Minssen Timo , Cohen I Glenn , Brongersma Mark , Quintel Teresa , Floridi Luciano , Laflamme Raymond 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a set of guiding principles for responsible quantum innovation. The principles are organized into three functional categories: safeguarding, engaging, and advancing (SEA), and are linked to central values in responsible research and innovation (RRI). Utilizing a global equity normative framework and literature-based methodology, we connect the quantum-SEA categories to promise and perils specific to quantum technology (QT). The paper operationalizes the responsible QT framework by proposing ten actionable principles to help address the risks, challenges, and opportunities associated with the entire suite of second-generation QTs, which includes the quantum computing, sensing, simulation, and networking domains. Each quantum domain has different technology readiness levels, risks, and affordances, with sensing and simulation arguably being closest to market entrance. Our proposal aims to catalyze a much-needed interdisciplinary effort within the quantum community to establish a foundation of quantum-specific and quantum-tailored principles for responsible quantum innovation. The overarching objective of this interdisciplinary effort is to steer the development and use of QT in a direction not only consistent with a values-based society but also a direction that contributes to addressing some of society’s most pressing needs and goals.
Interactive influences of salinity and sodicity levels on depth-wise soil organic matter and micronutrient elements in Thailand
Authors: Phankamolsil Napaporn , Tengprasert Tanutnan , Kheoruenromne Irb , Phankamolsil Yutthana , Gilkes Robert J , Sonsri Kiattisak 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Soil salinity and sodicity are the major environmental issues that lead to the deterioration of soil properties, nutrient cycling, and soil ecosystems around the globe. Nevertheless, the reciprocal effects of salinity and sodicity levels on depth-wise soil organic matter (SOM) and micronutrients remain elusive, particularly in Thailand. For a better understanding of such an issue, soil samples were collected from 38 sites at depths of 0–20, 30–50, 60–80, and 80–120 cm where they were affected by salts with variable levels of salinity and sodicity, having electrical conductivity (ECe), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) from 0.20–74.70 dS m–1, and 2.74%–113.23%, respectively. Soil physicochemical properties, including distribution of sand, silt, and clay, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and B) were determined. The results exhibited that SOC content, ranging from 3.36–14.74 g kg–1, was higher in topsoil (0–20 cm) compared to the other three soil depths and it correlated negatively with ECe (0–20 and 80–120 cm) and ESP (80–120 cm), suggesting the declines in SOC amount due to high salinity and sodicity levels. Topsoil Mn concentration (0.06–182.06 mg kg–1) also tended to be greater than the other soil depths while Fe concentration in that soil depth (0.02–33.99 mg kg–1) tended to be smaller. The ECe correlated negatively with the concentrations of Fe, Cu (all soil depths), and Zn (30–50 and 60–80 cm), and positively with Mn concentration (60–80 and 80–120 cm), suggesting that the availability of Fe Cu and Zn is vulnerable to high salinity and sodicity levels. Overall, our findings highlight that high salinity and sodicity levels brought about a reduction in SOC content and low concentrations of micronutrients in soils, irrespective of Mn concentration.
3D scanning of daguerreotypes
Authors: Quintero Balbas Diego , Pezzati Luca , Cattaneo Barbara , Righetti Valentina , Striova Jana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Daguerreotypes are historical photographic images made on mirror-like metallic plates. These are heritage objects whose shape cannot be measured with invasive techniques, like contact probes, but the high reflectivity of their surfaces makes the use of non-invasive, 3D-measuring optical techniques challenging. Moreover, the dark areas resulting from their degradation produce a very high contrast, which add extra difficulties to their measurement. In the last few years, several strategies have been developed to overcome the limitations of optical techniques when measuring reflective metallic surfaces. Many of these solutions are not applicable to the study of cultural heritage artifacts, as they are invasive. We attempted the use of conoscopic holography in a 3D-scanning system using a double-exposure strategy. This is a promising option for 3D measuring of daguerreotypes, as we experimentally demonstrated in this work. We present the results obtained from the analyses of two 19th-century daguerreotypes with different superficial conditions. The double-exposure allowed us to obtain high-quality data from the entire object surface. This enabled the measurement of micro-scale details related to the manufacturing process and/or to the corrosion deposits. The proposed methodology can be exploited to monitor the overall health of highly reflective metallic objects but also the outcomes of some conservation treatments, such as cleaning.
A Telic Theory of Trust
Authors: Carter J Adam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
What is it to trust well? How do we do it? If we think of trust as a kind of aimed performance, capable not only of success but also of competence and aptness, we can put our understanding of what it is to trust well on an entirely new footing. This book takes this project up, and in doing so, it uses the core ‘trust as performance’ idea—which is developed and refined in substantive detail—in the service of explaining a range of philosophically important phenomena related to trust, including its nature and varieties, the evaluative norms that govern good trusting and distrusting (both implicit and deliberative), how trust relates to vulnerability, risk, negligence, and monitoring, as well as to trustworthiness and, more generally, to our practices of cooperation. The result, a telic theory of trust, opens up entirely new option space and a research agenda in the philosophy of trust that is methodologically in the spirit of virtue epistemology, but which takes on its own distinctive shape.
What Is Good Trusting?
Authors: Carter J Adam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A good knife is a sharp knife. In virtue of what is trust good, as such, when it is? Standard accounts of the nature of trust suggest that good trusting ought to be assimilated in some way to good believing, or to good affect, or to good conation. This chapter raises doubts for all three of these main answer types, and the criticisms given then set the scene for motivating (in Chapter 2) a new performance-theoretic approach to trust and its evaluative normativity, which has the resources to do better.
Deliberative Trust and Convictively Apt Trust
Authors: Carter J Adam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter aims to bring the achievement of apt deliberative trust—i.e., convictively apt trust—into sharper view by exploring its substance and structure. Important to understanding its substance will be to clearly distinguish between first-order trusting competence and second-order trusting competence and especially how the latter is paired with a different skill/shape/situation profile than the former. Key to understanding its structure will be to appreciate, by way of analogy with fully apt judgement, the relationship in cases of apt deliberative trust, between (i) the exercise of second-order trusting competence, and (ii) the kind of attempt one makes in deliberatively trusting.
Trust, Risk, and Negligence
Authors: Carter J Adam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We’ve up to this point seen what convictively apt trust demands (Chapter 5); this chapter explores what it permits. Our guiding question is: What kind of risks to the first-order aptness of trust can the convictively apt trustor non-negligently ignore? An answer inspired by Ernest Sosa’s answer to a generalized version of this question is canvassed and criticized, and a different answer—one that gives de minimis risk a central place—is developed and defended.
Trust, Vulnerability, and Monitoring
Authors: Carter J Adam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Here are two perennial questions in the philosophy of trust, both of which concern the relationship between trust and vulnerability: Vulnerability Question: In what sense does trusting essentially involve subjecting oneself to risk of betrayal? Monitoring Question: In what sense is monitoring for risks of betrayal incompatible with trusting? These questions have traditionally been pursued independently from one another in the philosophy of trust. It will be shown that they are much more closely connected than has been appreciated. The central objective will be to demonstrate how a performance-normative framework can be used to answer both the Vulnerability Question and the Monitoring Question in a principled way, one that reveals a deep connection between not just the questions themselves, but also between the concepts of vulnerability, monitoring, and de minimis risk.
Trust and Trustworthiness
Authors: Carter J Adam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter motivates and defends a new way of theorizing about trust and trustworthiness—and their relationship to each other—by locating both within a broader picture that captures largely overlooked symmetries on both the trustor’s and trustee’s side of a cooperative exchange. The view defended here takes good cooperation as a theoretical starting point; on the view proposed, cooperation between trustor and trustee is working well when achievements in trust and in responding to trust are matched on both sides of the trust exchange. In a bit more detail, the trustor ‘matches’ her achievement in trusting (an achievement in fitting reliance to reciprocity) with the trustee’s achievement in responding to trust (an achievement in fitting reciprocity to reliance). From this starting point, we can then appreciate symmetrical ways that the trustor and trustee can (respectively) fall short, by violating what are shown to be symmetrical evaluative norms—of success, competence, and aptness—that regulate the attempts made by both trustor and trustee. The overall picture has important advantages over the received way of theorizing about how trust stands to trustworthiness, and it clears the way—by identifying key questions that have been obscured—to making further progress.
Epilogues
Authors: Havely Nick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the first of the two Epilogues (‘Memorials in Liguria’) the writer revisits the Lunigiana a decade after completing the GEA route and takes part in a memorial trek for the partisans and their British allies, walking from the International Brigade’s base at Rossano to Levanto on the Ligurian coast and including a return to the Passo dei Due Santi. This epilogue also harks back further to the presence in the Lunigiana of Dante whose experience of these mountains has, like that of the twentieth-century partisans, been a recurrent theme of the book. The second and much briefer epilogue returns to the middle of the journey some two decades after it began. From a hill outside Bologna in the autumn of 2022 the writer looks southwards along the familiar route that Goethe and others in this book had travelled over the ridge of the Apennines.
Of Things to Come(1820)
Authors: Schellenberg J L 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChapter 1 employs the device of an imaginary young inquirer and classical Christian named Ernest living in Cambridge, England in 1820 who is brought into contact with a book called Of Things to Come, which details various improving changes of the next two centuries. Intellectually and morally relevant changes found here are summarized as preparation for the actual book to be continued in subsequent chapters, which will draw on them. As he absorbs Of Things to Come, Ernest’s former understanding of the world comes to appear deeply problematic, since many of that understanding’s constituent elements are shown to be false or seriously questionable. But it is also true that Ernest now has got the materials from which to form a revised understanding—and also a new background for any inquiry into the truth of Christian doctrine. Perhaps he will feel with new urgency that such an inquiry is called for.
On Spiritual Helplessness
Authors: Schellenberg J L 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter advances the Alternative Deliverance Argument, and defends its central premise—that it is possible to be delivered from sin apart from Christ—from five directions. First, since certain individuals have lived free from the domination of self-oriented desire, and not all are found in Christian communities, we must conclude, given the assumption that everyone starts out in sin, that these people were somehow delivered from it apart from Christ. Second, we have the support afforded by humanitarian activists, who are not always Christians but often live quite selflessly, moved by philosophical ethics rather than by Christ. Third is the evidence from psychological therapy showing that the psychological conditions of self-centredness can be ameliorated by this means, even for non-Christians. Fourth are the avenues of resistance to self-centredness found in non-Christian forms of religion. Fifth, we have approaches from within Judaism, including the religion practised and recommended by Jesus.
On Revelation (I)
Authors: Schellenberg J L 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe doctrine of revelation is contested by the Untimeliness Argument and the Gender Opposition Argument. According to the former, God would have been able to predict that having undeveloped beings think such doctrines as those concerning the Incarnation and the Trinity to be divinely revealed was asking for trouble. Thus God would not have revealed these doctrines and the doctrine of revelation, which says otherwise, is false. According to the latter argument, any God would have known of the suffering and injustice that would continue given a continuing lack of human compliance with, or even awareness of, the facts about gender, and so would not have been the source of a revelatory process that could be seen to be at odds with these facts. And yet the process of Christian revelation did have this character. Thus it did not have its source in God, and the doctrine of revelation is false.
Meta-analyses of reproductive changes in angiosperm populations in response to elevation reveal a lack of global patterns
Authors: Novaes Letícia R , Cornelissen Tatiana , Arroyo Juan , Simón-Porcar Violeta 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Elevation is a major factor shaping plant populations on a global scale. At the same time, reproductive traits play a major role in plant fitness. With increasing elevation and increasingly harsh conditions, decreases in pollinator visitation rates, sexual investment, seed set and heterozygosity (owing to increased selfing) are expected. In response, selection and/or phenotypic plasticity could lead to an increase in floral displays by plants to increase their attractiveness to pollinators and compensate for the negative fitness impacts of reduced pollinator activity. A large body of literature tests these hypotheses at the among-species level, but empirical evidence at the population level (i.e. wihin species), where adaptive change might occur, is still limited to species-specific studies. Unravelling the global patterns of change in the reproductive traits, flower visitation rates and heterozygosity of plant populations across variable environmental conditions, especially climate, can help us to understand how species are able to cope with shifting conditions associated with global change, particularly in mountains. Here, we adopted meta-analytical approaches to assess the reproductive changes of plant populations in response to elevation on a global scale.

Methods
We used a data set with 243 paired populations of plants at ‘lower’ and ‘higher’ elevations, spanning an elevation range of 0–4380 m a.s.l. and taken from 121 angiosperm species and 115 published studies. We analysed changes in the number of flowers, their size and longevity, pollen production, flower visitation rate, seed set and expected heterozygosity. We then tested whether the observed patterns for each trait were dependent upon plant phylogeny and various ecogeographical factors and species traits.

Key Results
We found no evidence of elevation having a global effect on the reproductive traits of angiosperm populations. This null global pattern was not affected by geography or phylogenetics.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that changes in reproductive traits, flower visitation rates and heterozygosity in plant populations across elevations are specific to each species and ecosystem. Hence, macroevolutionary (across species) and macroecological patterns of elevation of plant reproduction reported previously are apparently not simply the outcome of microevolutionary changes (within species). This apparent specificity of response across plant species poses difficulties in predicting the effects of global changes and, specifically, climatic changes, on the fate of plant species, populations and communities.
HMGB1 regulates autophagy of placental trophoblast through ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Li Ming-Rui , Chen En-Xiang , Li Zhuo-Hang , Song Hong-Lan , Zhang Yi , Li Fang-Fang , Xie You-Long , Tang Jing , Ding Yu-Bin , Fu Li-Juan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in placental development and fetal growth.

Methods
We employed the Cre-loxP recombination system to establish a placenta-specific HMGB1 knockout mouse model. Breeding HMGB1flox/flox mice with Elf5-Cre mice facilitated the knockout, leveraging Elf5 expression in extra-embryonic ectoderm, ectoplacental cone, and trophoblast giant cells at 12.5 days of embryonic development. The primary goal of this model was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of HMGB1 in placental development, assessing parameters such as placental weight, fetal weight, and bone development. Additionally, we utilized lentiviral interference and overexpression of HMGB1 in human trophoblast cells to further investigate HMGB1’s functional role.

Results
Our findings indicate that the HMGB1flox/floxElf5cre/+ mouse displays fetal growth restriction, characterized by decreased placental and fetal weight and impaired bone development. The absence of HMGB1 inhibits autophagosome formation, impairs lysosomal degradation, and disrupts autophagic flux. Depletion of HMGB1 in human trophoblast cells also suppresses cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway. Overexpression of HMGB1 observed the opposite phenotypes.

Conclusions
HMGB1 participates in the regulation of autophagy through the ERK signaling pathway and affects placental development.
The ‘Right to an Upbringing’—Contrasting Early German and English Child Welfare Legislation for a Case Study in Comparative Social Work History
Authors: Frampton Magnus 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
National child welfare systems are often unalike in their orientation, and can be understood comparatively. Influenced by the principles of historical institutionalism, this article contrasts early German and English child welfare legislation. The first national German system was based on a statute rarely discussed in English-language social work histories: the Reichsgesetz für Jugendwohlfahrt (National Youth Welfare Act). This legislation came into force in 1924, systematically uniting comprehensive services related to childhood. The law is examined in the context of its contemporaneous cultural, political and academic discourses, and contrasted with English developments. The intentions of the legislation-drafters, as well as ideas specific to German-language discourses such as Erziehung (child-raising) and Verwahrlosung (presenting the effects of abuse/neglect) are investigated to cautiously explain divergence from the English child welfare system that institutionalised later. The article concludes by suggesting that the differing classifications of German and English practices in modern child welfare typologies (a family service versus child protection orientation, respectively) echo differences already evident in the two systems’ early and mid-twentieth-century legislation. The 1920s conceptual broadening of German child welfare to encompass prevention, universal support and social pedagogic approaches is still visible today, and shapes modern understandings of social work in that country.