bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced food access due to a lack of money, inability to lift and lack of access to a car for food shopping: a multilevel study in Melbourne, Victoria
Authors: Burns Cate , Bentley Rebecca , Thornton Lukar , Kavanagh Anne 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo describe associations between demographic and individual and area-level socio-economic variables and restricted household food access due to lack of money, inability to lift groceries and lack of access to a car to do food shopping.DesignMultilevel study of three measures of restricted food access, i.e. running out of money to buy food, inability to lift groceries and lack of access to a car for food shopping. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted to examine the risk of each of these outcomes according to demographic and socio-economic variables.SettingRandom selection of households from fifty small areas in Melbourne, Australia, in 2003.SubjectsThe main food shoppers in each household (n 2564).ResultsA lack of money was significantly more likely among the young and in households with single adults. Difficultly lifting was more likely among the elderly and those born overseas. The youngest and highest age groups both reported reduced car access, as did those born overseas and single-adult households. All three factors were most likely among those with a lower individual or household socio-economic position. Increased levels of area disadvantage were independently associated with difficultly lifting and reduced car access.ConclusionsIn Melbourne, households with lower individual socio-economic position and area disadvantage have restricted access to food because of a lack of money and/or having physical limitations due difficulty lifting or lack of access to a car for food shopping. Further research is required to explore the relationship between physical restrictions and food access.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among migrants in Switzerland: association with country of origin
Authors: Marques-Vidal Pedro , Vollenweider Peter , Waeber Gérard , Paccaud Fred 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveMigrants tend to present higher overweight and obesity levels, but whether this relationship applies to all nationalities has seldom been studied. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity according to nationality in adults.DesignCross-sectional population-based samples.SettingFive-year nationwide interview surveys (Swiss Health Surveys – SHS) from 1992 to 2007 (n 63 766) and a local examination survey (CoLaus Study in Lausanne 2004–2006, n 6743).SubjectsParticipants were separated into Swiss, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish nationals, those from the former Republic of Yugoslavia and from other European and other countries.ResultsCompared with Swiss nationals, German and French nationals presented a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity, whereas nationals from Italy, Spain, Portugal and the former Republic of Yugoslavia presented higher levels. Adjusting the SHS data for age, gender, education, smoking, leisure-time physical activity and survey year, a lower risk for overweight and obesity was found for German (OR = 0·80, 95 % CI 0·70, 0·92) and French (OR = 0·74, 95 % CI 0·61, 0·89) nationals, whereas higher risks were found for participants from Italy (OR = 1·45, 95 % CI 1·33, 1·58), Spain (OR = 1·36, 95 % CI 1·15, 1·61), Portugal (OR = 1·25, 95 % CI 1·06, 1·47) and the former Republic of Yugoslavia (OR = 1·98, 95 % CI 1·69, 2·32). Similar findings were observed in the CoLaus Study for Italian (OR = 1·63, 95 % CI 1·29, 2·06), Spanish (OR = 1·54, 95 % CI 1·17, 2·04) and Portuguese (OR = 1·49, 95 % CI 1·16, 1·91) participants and for those from the former Republic of Yugoslavia (OR = 5·34, 95 % CI 3·00, 9·50).ConclusionsOverweight and obesity are unevenly distributed among migrants in Switzerland. Migrants from Southern Europe and from the former Republic of Yugoslavia present higher prevalence rates. This suggests that preventive messages should be tailored to these specific populations.
Intake of whole grains in Scandinavia is associated with healthy lifestyle, socio-economic and dietary factors
Authors: Kyrø Cecilie , Skeie Guri , Dragsted Lars O , Christensen Jane , Overvad Kim , Hallmans Göran , Johansson Ingegerd , Lund Eiliv , Slimani Nadia , Johnsen Nina F , Halkjær Jytte , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the dietary, lifestyle and socio-economic factors associated with the intake of whole grains (WG) in Norway, Sweden and Denmark.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingSubsample of the Scandinavian cohort ‘HELGA’ consisting of three prospective cohorts: The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study; The Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study; and the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study.SubjectsA total of 8702 men and women aged 30–65 years. Dietary data are from one 24 h dietary recall and data on socio-economic status and lifestyle factors including anthropometric values are from the baseline collection of data.ResultsVegetables, fruits, dairy products, fish and shellfish, coffee, tea and margarine were directly associated with the intake of WG, whereas red meat, white bread, alcohol and cakes and biscuits were inversely associated. Smoking and BMI were consistently inversely associated with the intake of WG. Furthermore, length of education was directly associated with the intake of WG among women.ConclusionsThe intake of WG was found to be directly associated with healthy diet, lifestyle and socio-economic factors and inversely associated with less healthy factors, suggesting that these factors are important for consideration as potential confounders when studying WG intake and disease associations.
Abstract answer set solvers with backjumping and learning
Authors: LIERLER YULIYA 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNieuwenhuis et al. (2006. Solving SAT and SAT modulo theories: From an abstract Davis-Putnam-Logemann-Loveland procedure to DPLL(T). Journal of the ACM 53(6), 937977 showed how to describe enhancements of the Davis–Putnam–Logemann–Loveland algorithm using transition systems, instead of pseudocode. We design a similar framework for several algorithms that generate answer sets for logic programs: smodels, smodelscc, asp-sat with Learning (cmodels), and a newly designed and implemented algorithm sup. This approach to describe answer set solvers makes it easier to prove their correctness, to compare them, and to design new systems.
Effect of detonation nanodiamonds on phagocyte activity
Authors: Karpukhin Alexey V. , Avkhacheva Nadezhda V. , Yakovlev Ruslan Yu. , Kulakova Inna I. , Yashin Valeriy A. , Lisichkin Georgiy V. , Safronova Valentina G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDetonation ND (nanodiamond) holds much promise for biological studies and medical applications. Properties like size of particles, inclination for modification of their surface and unambiguous biocompatibility are crucial. Of prime importance is interaction between ND and immune cells, which supervise foreign intrusion into an organism and eliminate it. Neutrophils are more reactive in inflammatory response implementing cytotoxical arsenal including ROS (reactive oxygen species). The aim of the work was to estimate the ability of two ND samples (produced by Diamond Center and PlasmaChem) to keep the vitality of neutrophils from the inflammatory site. The ability of cells to generate ROS in the presence of ND particles is considered as indicating their biocompatibility. IR spectra and size of particles in the samples were characterized. Acid modification of ND was carried out to get the luminescent form. In the biological aspect, ND demonstrated up or down action, depending on the concentration, time and conditions of activation of cells. Weak action of ND in whole blood was obtained possibly owing to the ND adsorbed plasma proteins, which mask active functional groups to interact with the cell membrane. ND did not influence the viability of isolated inflammatory neutrophils in low and moderate concentrations and suppressed it in high concentrations (≥1 g/l). Addition of ND to the cell suspension initiated concentration‐dependent reaction to produce ROS similar to respiratory burst. ND up‐regulated response to bacterial formylpeptide, but up‐ and down‐modified (low or high concentrations, accordingly) response to such bacterial agents as OZ (opsonized zymosan), which neutrophils swallow up by oxygen‐dependent phagocytosis. Localization of the particles on the cell surface as into the cells was identified by monitoring the intrinsic fluorescence of oxidized ND. The various mechanisms that could account for penetration of ND particles into the cell are discussed. Common conclusion concerns compatibility of ND with living neutrophils from inflammatory site and their normal functioning for infection safeguard.
Grape seed procyanidin B2 inhibits advanced glycation end product‐induced endothelial cell apoptosis through regulating GSK3β phosphorylation
Authors: Li Bao‐ying , Li Xiao‐li , Gao Hai‐qing , Zhang Jian‐hua , Cai Qian , Cheng Mei , Lu Mei 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo investigate the effects of GSPB2 (grape seed procyanidin B2) on the apoptosis of HUVECs (human umbilical endothelial cells) induced by AGEs (advanced glycation end products), HUVECs were treated with AGEs (200 μg/ml) in the presence or absence of GSPB2 (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 μmol/l). Our findings showed that (i) AGEs induced HUVEC apoptosis and up‐regulated the expression of caspase‐3 activation and lactadherin and reduced the phosphorylation of GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) at baseline. (ii) Treatment of HUVEC with GSPB2 significantly inhibited the cell apoptosis and the expression of caspase‐3 activation and lactadherin induced by AGEs. Moreover, GSPB2 inhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species in a dose‐dependent manner in AGEs‐treated cells as determined by flow cytometry. (iii) GSPB2 increased the phosphorylation of GSK3β of HUVEC in response to AGEs. These findings suggest that the signalling pathway involving phosphorylation of GSK3β and lactadherin might play a key role in the endothelial apoptosis. GSPB2 therapy could become an effective approach to battling AGEs‐induced endothelial apoptosis.
Effect of carbon nanotube coating of aligned nanofibrous polymer scaffolds on the neurite outgrowth of PC‐12 cells
Authors: Jin Guang‐Zhen , Kim Meeju , Shin Ueon Sang , Kim Hae‐Won 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNeurite outgrowth from endogenous or transplanted cells is important for neural regeneration following nerve tissue injury. Modified substrates often provide better environments for cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth. This study was conducted to determine if MWCNT (multiwalled carbon nanotube)‐coated electrospun PLCL [poly (l‐lactic acid‐co‐3‐caprolactone)] nanofibres improved the neurite outgrowth of PC‐12 cells. To accomplish this, two groups, PC‐12 cells in either uncoated PLCL scaffolds or MWCNT‐coated PLCL scaffolds were cultured for 9 days. MWCNT‐coated PLCL scaffolds showed improved adhesion, proliferation and neurite outgrowth of PC‐12 cells. These findings suggest that MWCNT‐coated nanofibrous scaffolds may be an attractive platform for cell transplantation application in neural tissue engineering.
Polyploid tumour cells elicit paradiploid progeny through depolyploidizing divisions and regulated autophagic degradation
Authors: Erenpreisa Jekaterina , Salmina Kristine , Huna Anda , Kosmacek Elizabeth A. , Cragg Mark S. , Ianzini Fiorenza , Anisimov Alim P. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract‘Neosis’ describes the process whereby p53 function‐deficient tumour cells undergo self‐renewal after genotoxic damage apparently via senescing ETCs (endopolyploid tumour cells). We previously reported that autophagic digestion and extrusion of DNA occurs in ETC and subsequently revealed that self‐renewal transcription factors are also activated under these conditions. Here, we further studied this phenomenon in a range of cell lines after genotoxic damage induced by gamma irradiation, ETO (etoposide) or PXT (paclitaxel) treatment. These experiments revealed that chromatin degradation by autophagy was compatible with continuing mitotic activity in ETC. While the actively polyploidizing primary ETC produced early after genotoxic insult activated self‐renewal factors throughout the polygenome, the secondary ETC restored after failed multipolar mitosis underwent subnuclei differentiation. As such, only a subset of subnuclei continued to express OCT4 and NANOG, while those lacking these factors stopped DNA replication and underwent degradation and elimination through autophagy. The surviving subnuclei sequestered nascent cytoplasm to form subcells, while being retained within the confines of the old ETC. Finally, the preformed paradiploid subcells became released from their linking chromosome bridges through autophagy and subsequently began cell divisions. These data show that ‘neotic’ ETC resulting from genotoxically damaged p53 function‐deficient tumour cells develop through a heteronuclear system differentiating the polyploid genome into rejuvenated ‘viable’ subcells (which provide mitotically propagating paradiploid descendents) and subnuclei, which become degraded and eliminated by autophagy. The whole process reduces aneuploidy in descendants of ETC.
Modulation of integrin α4β1 by ADAM28 promotes lymphocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration
Authors: McGinn Owen J , English William R. , Roberts Stephanie , Ager Ann , Newham Peter , Murphy Gillian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) are a family of type I transmembrane glycoproteins related to snake venom metalloproteases and disintegrins. They are regulatory proteins that modulate intercellular adhesion and the bioavailability of growth factors, and have been implicated in many disease states, including cancer, immunity and inflammation. One member of the ADAM family, ADAM28, has been reported to bind to the integrin α4β1 in humans; however, the distribution of ADAM28 and the biological consequences of ADAM28–α4β1 interactions are yet to be fully elucidated. The expression of ADAM28 in human and murine tissues was examined by multiple Affymetrix microarray analyses, real‐time RT—PCR (reverse transcription—PCR) and immunohistochemical staining. We found that ADAM28 has a relatively restricted expression pattern in mouse and human and is highly expressed in the B‐lymphocyte lineage, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemic B‐cells. The murine B‐lymphoma line L1‐2 and recombinant soluble murine ADAM28 were used to investigate ADAM28–α4β1 interactions. Our data reveal that ADAM28 binding to α4β1 is typical of integrin—ligand interactions, since it is attenuated by anti‐functional integrin antibodies, and is enhanced by Mn2+ and the integrin mAb (monoclonal antibody) 9EG7. However, a key finding was that soluble ADAM28 unexpectedly enhanced α4β1‐dependent cell adhesion to VCAM‐1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1). In so doing ADAM28 was able to influence lymphocyte adhesion to, and migration through, endothelial monolayers, suggesting a physiological role for ADAM28 in regulating the specific spatial and temporal transendothelial migration of lymphocytes.
First Report of Hop stunt viroid in Greenhouse Cucumber in Finland
Authors: Lemmetty A. , Werkman A. W. , Soukainen M. 
Published: February 2011

In July 2009, the occurrence of pale yellow, bottle-shaped greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruits was reported by a horticultural adviser from Kannus in western Finland. The grower had observed the first symptoms in greenhouse cucumber cv. Rapides in May. The most distinctive symptoms were found in fruits, but also flowers were crumpled. Symptoms had spread along plant rows. Estimated yield loss by the grower was 2 to 3%. Fruit and flower symptoms were typical of cucumber pale fruit disease (3) caused by a strain of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) (2). The original samples were collected by a phytosanitary inspector and the farmer from approximately 10 symptomatic plants growing in the same greenhouse. Testing two samples, one a cucumber leaf and the other a cucumber fruit, by return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gave clear electrophoretic bands at the same position. However, the position of the bands differed slightly from the positive control (Potato spindle tuber viroid) and two other pospiviroids tested on the same gel, indicating the presence of a different viroid with a shorter length than those from the genus Pospiviroid. This observation of size combined with symptoms on cucumber gave a strong indication of the presence of a viroid, likely to be HSVd. RNA was extracted from two subsamples of fruit and leaf samples with a RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Extracted RNA was examined with primer pair HSVdF1/R1 designed to detect HSVd from citrus (1). The PCR reactions were performed using a reverse transcription-PCR protocol developed for Pospiviroids (4). Both fruit and leaf samples gave a PCR amplicon of the same size. Sequencing of the amplicon of approximately 300 bp revealed 99% similarity with 11 GenBank citrus isolates of HSVd and 98% similarity with two cucumber isolates of HSVd (Accession Nos. X07405 and X00524) On the basis of these results, the viroid of these cucumber plants was identified as HSVd. To our knowledge, this is the first finding of this viroid in Finland. Although we could determine the causal agent, we could not find the origin of the infection. The seedling plants had been grown in the same greenhouse where the infection was detected. Even though HSVd is not known to be seed transmitted (3) the other production places that had used the same seed lot were inspected and found to be free of the viroid. Very strict phytosanitary measures were taken to eradicate the infection. Since the viroid is easily sap transmissible, there is a certain risk of spreading of HSVd via human action, e.g., visitors, staff, and the use of common packing facilities. References: (1) L. Bernard and N. Duran-Vila. Mol. Cell. Probes 20:105, 2006. (2) T. Sano et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 12:3427, 1984. (3) H. J. M. van Dorst and D. Peters. Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 80:85, 1974. (4) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:823, 2004.
Degeneration of hrpZ gene in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci to evade tobacco defence: an arms race between tobacco and its bacterial pathogen
Authors: TSUNEMI KAZUHIKO , TAGUCHI FUMIKO , MARUTANI MIZURI , WATANABE‐SUGIMOTO MEGUMI , INAGAKI YOSHISHIGE , TOYODA KAZUHIRO , SHIRAISHI TOMONORI , ICHINOSE YUKI 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYThe HrpZ harpin of Pseudomonas syringae is known to induce a hypersensitive response (HR) in some plants. In P. syringae pv. tabaci (Pta), the harpin gene hrpZ has been spontaneously disrupted by an internal deletion in its open reading frame and a frame shift. The loss of the ability of the recombinant harpin polypeptide of Pta to induce HR despite the high sensitivity of tobacco plants to harpin led us to investigate the meaning of the disrupted hrpZ gene in the virulence of Pta 6605. The hrpZ gene from P. syringae pv. pisi was introduced into wild‐type (WT) Pta. The hrpZ‐complemented Pta secreted harpin into the culture medium, but failed to cause disease symptoms by both infiltration and spray inoculation. Inoculation with the hrpZ‐complemented Pta induced defence responses in tobacco plants, whereas the defence responses of tobacco plants were not prominent on inoculation with WT Pta. These results indicate that an ancestor of Pta might have disrupted hrpZ by an internal deletion to evade plant defences and confer the ability to cause disease in tobacco plants.
CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells do not transfer oral tolerance to peanut allergens in a mouse model of peanut allergy
Authors: Rezende M. Marcondes , Hassing I. , Bol‐Schoenmakers M. , Bleumink R. , Boon L. , van Bilsen J. , Pieters R. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryBackground
Recent studies have implicated CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (nTregs) in the maintenance of tolerance to oral antigens and in the regulation of the food allergic IgE response.Objective
The objective was to assess if nTregs can transfer allergen‐specific oral tolerance to naïve, non‐TCR transgenic mice and regulate peanut extract (PE)‐specific hypersensitivity responses. Additionally, the role of the regulatory cytokines IL‐10 and TGF‐β in the modulation of peanut‐allergic sensitization was studied.Methods
CD25‐enriched T cells from PE‐tolerant mice were adoptively transferred to recipient mice, which were subsequently sensitized to PE. Depletion of CD25+ cells and neutralization of IL‐10 and TGF‐β were compared in a CH3/HeOuJ mouse model of peanut‐allergic sensitization.Results
Transfer of CD25+ Tregs‐enriched cell populations did not affect the PE‐specific cytokine production or PE‐specific antibody levels compared with control mice but interestingly resulted in a decrease of mast cell responsiveness. On the contrary, transfer of CD25+ Tregs‐depleted cells caused an increase in non‐specific cytokine production, in the absence of changes in PE‐specific responses. TGF‐β neutralization resulted even in a larger increase in spontaneous release of all cytokines measured (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10, IL‐13, and IFN‐γ), but surprisingly also to a higher PE‐specific Th2‐associated (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13) cytokine production compared with depletion of CD25 cells or neutralization of IL‐10. Similarly, depletion of CD25 cells and TGF‐β neutralization but not of IL‐10 neutralization lead to an increase in PE‐specific antibody levels and elevated mast cell degranulation following a PE challenge.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
We conclude that CD4+CD25+ Tregs from non‐transgenic‐tolerant mice cannot transfer specific oral tolerance of exogenous antigens to naïve mice and are more involved in general immune suppressive mechanisms. However, we found evidence that TGF‐β secreting Tregs (Th3) may play an important role. Cite this as: M. Marcondes Rezende, I. Hassing, M. Bol‐Schoenmakers, R. Bleumink, L. Boon, J. van Bilsen and R. Pieters, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1324–1333.