bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanopore‐Enabled Microbiome Analysis: Investigating Environmental and Host‐Associated Samples in Rainbow Trout Aquaculture
Authors: Zarantonello Giulia , Cuenca Argelia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMicrobiome sequencing is at the forefront of health management development, and as such, it is becoming of great interest to monitor the microbiome in the aquaculture industry as well. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platforms are gaining popularity to study microbial communities, enabling faster sequencing, extended read length, and therefore, improved taxonomic resolution. Despite this, there is a lack of clear guidelines to perform a metabarcoding study, especially when dealing with samples from non‐mammalian species, such as aquaculture‐related samples. In this article, we provide general guidelines for sampling, nucleic acid extraction, and ONT‐based library preparation for both environmental (water, sediment) and host‐associated (gill or skin mucus, skin, gut content, or gut mucosa) microbiome analysis. Our procedures focus specifically on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in experimental facilities. However, these protocols can also be transferred to alternative types of samples, such as environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring from alternative water sources, or to different fish species. The additional challenge posed by the low biomass and limited bacterial diversity inherent in fish‐associated microbiomes is addressed through the implementation of troubleshooting solutions. Furthermore, we describe a bioinformatic pipeline starting from raw reads and leading to taxonomic abundance tables using currently available tools and software. Finally, we provide a set of specific guidelines and considerations related to the strategic planning of a microbiome study within the context of aquaculture. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Environmental sample collectionBasic Protocol 2: Host‐associated sample collectionAlternate Protocol: Host‐associated sample collection: Alternative sample typesBasic Protocol 3: Sample pre‐treatment and nucleic acid extractionBasic Protocol 4: Quality control and preparation for 16S rRNA gene sequencingSupport Protocol 1: Assessment of inhibition by quantitative PCRSupport Protocol 2: Bioinformatic analysis from raw files to taxonomic abundance tables
Efficient Photocatalytic Partial Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols by Using ZnIn2S4 under Green Conditions.
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Pecoraro Claudio Maria , Di Franco Francesco , Santamaria Monica , Palmisano Leonardo , Loddo Vittorio , Bellardita Marianna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ternary chalcogenide ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) has been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method in which the carcinogen thiacetamide, universally used as a precursor, has been, for the first time, replaced successfully with the harmless thiourea. ZIS has been used as photocatalyst for the partial oxidation of different aromatic alcohols to their corresponding aldehyde in water solution, under ambient conditions and simulated solar light irradiation. The photocatalytic performance of ZnIn2S4 was better than TiO2 P25. In the presence of ZIS for 4‐methoxybenzyl alcohol, piperonyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol, a selectivity towards the corresponding aldehyde of 99 % for a conversion of 46 %, 75 % for a conversion of 81 %, and 87 % for a conversion of 25 %, respectively, was obtained. For the same alcohols a selectivity of 19 % for a conversion of 41 %, 19 % for a conversion of 13 %, and 16 % for a conversion of 26 %, was observed in the presence of TiO2 P25.
Tailored Engineering of Layered Double Hydroxide Catalysts for Biomass Valorization: A Way Towards Waste to Wealth
Authors: Kumar Sahil , Choudhary Priyanka , Sharma Devendra , Sajwan Devanshu , Kumar Vinit , Krishnan Venkata 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDH) have significant attention in recent times due to their unique characteristic properties, including layered structure, variable compositions, tunable acidity and basicity, memory effect, and their ability to transform into various kinds of catalysts, which make them desirable for various types of catalytic applications, such as electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and thermocatalysis. In addition, the upcycling of lignocellulose biomass and its derived compounds has emerged as a promising strategy for the synthesis of valuable products and fine chemicals. The current review focuses on recent advancements in LDH‐based catalysts for biomass conversion reactions. Specifically, this review highlights the structural features and advantages of LDH and LDH‐derived catalysts for biomass conversion reactions, followed by a detailed summary of the different synthesis methods and different strategies used to tailor their properties. Subsequently, LDH‐based catalysts for hydrogenation, oxidation, coupling, and isomerization reactions of biomass‐derived molecules are critically summarized in a very detailed manner. The review concludes with a discussion on future research directions in this field which anticipates that further exploration of LDH‐based catalysts and integration of cutting‐edge technologies into biomass conversion reactions hold promise for addressing future energy challenges, potentially leading to a carbon‐neutral or carbon‐positive future.
Arginine Acts as both Co‐solvent and Catalyst in Regioselective Eutectic‐Mediated Dimerization of Levulinic Acid
Authors: Neal Taylor , Dull Joseph , Barnabas Freddy , Bacca Lori , Thomas Jacqueline , Moore Curtis , Sun Yiping , Badjić Jovica 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInvited for this issue's cover are Procter & Gamble's Corporate Analytical and Engineering Groups, along with the group of Professor Jovica Badjić and colleagues. The image, by Jennifer F. Neal, depicts the process of chemically upgrading the renewable, biomass‐derived levulinic acid by simplying mixing it with l‐arginine. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202400503.
Dual‐port circularly polarized wideband dielectric resonator antenna for S‐band application
Authors: Gupta Vivek Kumar , Alam Monauwer , Sigroha Deepak , Yadav Abhimanyu , Sharma Anand 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThis article explains the design and implementation of a multiple input multiple output (two‐port) antenna, based on dielectric resonators. The antenna design not only demonstrates high isolation between its ports but also showcases robust diversity performance. The initial step introduces an asymmetrical ground plane radiating stub microstrip feed for circular polarization generation in a single‐port cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA). This approach utilizes an asymmetrical ground plane and incorporates three radiating stubs connected to a microstrip feed line to generate HEM11δ modes in a cylindrical DRA. The proposed dual‐port CDRA offers high impedance bandwidth of 29.73% (2.95–3.98 GHz) and the axial ratio falls below 3 dB specifically from 3.01–3.35 GHz. The antenna demonstrates left‐handed circularly polarized fields with an average gain of 4.95 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 90.56%. All of these characteristics make the developed radiator appropriate for WiMAX (3.3–3.5 GHz) applications.
Overall and cause‐specific mortality in anorexia nervosa; impact of psychiatric comorbidity and sex in a 40‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Søeby Mette , Gribsholt Sigrid Bjerge , Clausen Loa , Richelsen Bjørn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the overall and cause‐specific mortality in males and females with anorexia nervosa (AN) from 1977 to 2018, focusing on the impact of psychiatric comorbidity on mortality risk, a less explored aspect despite a high prevalence in patients with AN.MethodWe conducted a nationwide population‐based cohort study in Denmark including all patients with AN (n = 14,774) with a median follow‐up time of 9.1 years and a 1:10 age‐ and sex‐matched general population comparison cohort. Using Cox proportional hazard model, we calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for death stratified by psychiatric comorbidity, sex, and age at AN onset and evaluated the causes of death using Fine and Gray sub‐distribution hazard ratios (SHR).ResultsIn patients with AN, the weighted average aHR for all‐cause mortality was 4.5 [95% CI 4.1–4.9] with up to 40 years follow‐up. Psychiatric comorbidity was present in 47% of patients with AN at index date, which was associated with a 1.9‐fold increase in 10‐year mortality compared with patients without comorbidity and a notably four‐fold increase, when diagnosed at age 6–25 years. The mortality risk was similar according to sex. 13.9% of all deaths in patients with AN were due to suicide (SHR 10.7 [8.1–14.2]). The risk of dying of natural causes was increased with a SHR of 3.8 [95% CI 3.4–4.2].DiscussionThe increased mortality risk in both males and females with AN and psychiatric comorbidity, particularly when diagnosed at young age, underscores the need for comprehensive treatment addressing both AN and coexisting psychiatric conditions.Public SignificanceThe mortality in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) is high and we show in our study that the mortality is doubled in the presence of psychiatric comorbidity particularly the first 10 years after diagnosis seen in both sexes and with suicide as a major cause of death. These findings stress the importance of detection and treatment of psychiatric comorbidities alongside the eating disorder to prevent fatal outcome.
Precision integration of uniform molecular‐level carbon into porous silica framework for synergistic electrochemical activation in high‐performance lithium–ion batteries
Authors: Oh Seungbae , Dong Xue , Woo Chaeheon , Zhang Xiaojie , Kim Yeongjin , Choi Kyung Hwan , Lee Bom , Kim Ji‐Hee , Kang Jinsu , Bang Hyeon‐Seok , Jeon Jiho , Oh Hyung‐Suk , Yu Hak Ki , Mun Junyoung , Choi Jae‐Young 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of advanced anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries that can provide high specific capacity and stable cycle performance is of paramount importance. This study presents a novel approach for synthesizing molecular‐level homogeneous carbon integration to porous SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2@C NPs) tailored to enhance their electrochemical activities for lithium‐ion battery anode. By varying the ratio of the precursors for sol–gel reaction of (phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)), the carbon content and porosity within SiO2@C NPs is precisely controlled. With a 4:6 PTMS and TEOS ratio, the SiO2@C NPs exhibit a highly mesoporous structure with thin carbon and the partially reduced SiOx phases, which balances ion and charge transfer for electrochemical activation of SiO2@C NPs resulting remarkable capacity and cycle performance. This study offers a novel strategy for preparing affordable high capacity SiO2‐based advanced anode materials with enhanced electrochemical performances.image
Timing of postoperative radiation therapy for major salivary gland cancers
Authors: Yan Flora , Liu Jeffrey C. , Shulman Rebecca , Galloway Thomas J. , Ridge John A. , Yao Christopher M. K. L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of timing of PORT initiation for major salivary gland cancers on survival is unknown. We aim to examine the impact of PORT timeliness on overall survival (OS) of patients with major salivary gland cancers.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional analysis using data from the National Cancer Database (2004–2017) and included patients with major salivary gland cancer treated with surgery and PORT.ResultsIn total, 5701 patients were included (3133 [55%] male, 4644 [82%] white, mean age 59 ± 16 years). For the overall cohort, PORT >6 weeks was not associated with decreased OS (1.00 aHR, 95% CI 0.89–1.11). When specifically examining patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma, PORT >6 weeks was associated with a decreased OS (1.27 aHR, 95% CI 1.01–1.58).ConclusionsOverall, this analysis did not demonstrate a survival benefit for initiating PORT within 6 weeks for patients with salivary gland malignancies. Subset analysis did support initiating PORT within 6 weeks after resection for patients with mucoepidermoid carcinomas. This was not demonstrated in other major salivary gland cancer histologies.
Myrrh sitz bath for wound healing after hemorrhoidectomy: A retrospective study of adverse effects and treatment outcomes
Authors: Al Amri Fahad Saeed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimHemorrhoids affect 75% of people worldwide. surgical hemorrhoidectomy remains the definitive intervention for severe cases. Postoperative wound care is critical, and alternative treatments, like Myrrh, are of growing interest due to their potential wound‐healing properties. This study aimed to compare the safety, efficacy, and treatment outcomes of Myrrh sitz baths with standard clinical care in promoting wound healing after hemorrhoidectomy.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out using medical records from Abha Private Hospital for the period of January–December 2022. The data of patients who underwent hemorrhoidectomy were collected and categorized based on postoperative wound care into two groups: Group A for Myrrh‐based wound care as a self‐medication and Group B for standard wound care.ResultsThe study included 67 patients who underwent hemorrhoidectomy. Out of these patients, 52 had standard wound care, while 15 used Myrrh‐based wound care as self‐treatment without medical advice. The Myrrh group patients were significantly older with more comorbidities. The Myrrh group had significant Grade III wound healing outcomes 9/15 (60%) compared to the standard care group 2/52 (3.8%) (p < 0.001). However, despite the better healing outcomes, the Myrrh group had a significantly higher complication rate 7/15(46.7%) than the standard care group 1/52 (1.9%) (p < 0.001). These results indicate that despite the good healing capacity of Myrrh, cautious usage must be considered.ConclusionMyrrh sitz baths appear more effective than standard wound care in enhancing healing after hemorrhoidectomy. However, increased complications suggest the necessity for comprehensive evaluation and research on its safety profile. These findings can guide future research and clinical practices related to postoperative wound care.
The Great Codon Escape: Vacating Codons for Genetic Code Expansion and Ribosome Stalling
Authors: Hopstaken Antonius J. P. , Große Wichtrup Enno , Jongkees Seino A. K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn ribosomal synthesis of peptides and proteins, genetic information is translated into an amino acid polymer according to the genetic code, which describes the translational command encoded by each codon. However, parts of the genetic code can be adjusted to customize translations. One option is to remove decoding for a specific codon, resulting in a vacant codon. Such vacant codons can be used to stall the ribosome for mechanistic studies and display techniques. Alternatively, the liberated codon can be assigned to encode for incorporation of a noncanonical building block for expansion of the genetic code. In this review we provide an overview of the methods currently available for vacating codons in prokaryotic translation (agnostic of how these are later applied), targeting factors such as amino‐acyl tRNA synthetases, tRNA, release factors, and the initiation machinery. Moreover, we assess applicability and compatibility of the currently available techniques and discuss which have the potential to develop into even more powerful approaches in the future.
First‐trimester fasting plasma glucose levels and progression to type 2 diabetes: A 5‐year cohort study
Authors: Maor‐Sagie Esther , Hallak Mordechai , Twig Gilad , Toledano Yoel , Gabbay‐Benziv Rinat 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveImpaired fasting glucose is a prediabetic condition defined as glucose levels of 100–125 mg/dL and is considered a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, this definition does not confer to pregnancy. The significance of first‐trimester fasting glucose and future progression to diabetes is not well defined. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the progression to type 2 diabetes according to first‐ trimester fasting plasma glucose levels, as compared with gestational diabetes, a well‐established risk factor for diabetes, in up to 5‐year follow‐up postpartum.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 69 001 parturients, evaluating fasting plasma glucose levels measured during the first trimester. The primary outcome was the incidence of type 2 diabetes within 5 years post‐delivery. Fasting plasma glucose levels were categorized in 10 mg/dL increments. Receiver operating characteristic‐area under the curve (ROC‐AUC) statistics and the Youden index were employed to identify the optimal fasting plasma glucose cutoff for progression to type 2 diabetes. Survival analysis was applied to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for type 2 diabetes progression with further stratification to maternal obesity status.ResultsThe identified fasting plasma glucose cutoff for progression to type 2 diabetes was 86.5 mg/dL. This cut‐off demonstrated superior performance compared with gestational diabetes diagnosis. Stratification by maternal obesity revealed enhanced predictive capabilities for type 2 diabetes, particularly among patients without obesity.ConclusionsIncreased first‐trimester fasting plasma glucose levels are associated with progression to type 2 diabetes, at least as gestational diabetes. For patients without obesity, first‐trimester fasting plasma glucose has a more pronounced impact on progression to diabetes.
Isotretinoin‐associated intracranial hypertension: A concise report
Authors: Vashisht Kanya Rani , Varma Sachin , Yeganegi Mahtab 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present a case of a 24‐year‐old preobese female undergoing isotretinoin treatment for acne vulgaris, who experienced drug‐induced intracranial hypertension (DIIH). Recognizing and addressing this potentially serious adverse effect is essential to prevent severe outcomes, particularly irreversible vision impairment. When suspected, immediate discontinuation of isotretinoin, neuroradiological imaging and urgent ophthalmologic evaluation to rule out papilloedema is imperative. Formulation of alternative treatment strategies, caution while prescribing DIIH‐causing drugs in future patient treatments and proactive reporting of adverse events are integral aspects of its comprehensive management.
Better operating room efficiency and reduced staff demand: Individualised versus off‐the‐shelf total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Sappey‐Marinier Elliot , Beel Wouter ,   ReSurg, Bonnin Michel P. , Aït‐Si‐Selmi Tarik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this pilot cross‐sectional study was to compare the operating room (OR) efficiency and intraoperative staff task load when performing individualised versus off‐the‐shelf (OTS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsA consecutive series of 28 patients randomised (1:1) to receive either OTS TKA or individualised TKA were included. The OR staff workload was assessed with the NASA Task Load Index (TLX), a subjective grading system assessing mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort and frustration on a scale from 0 (very low) to 20 (very high). The time for patient preparation, surgical time, closure and total OR time was recorded to assess OR efficiency. Effect sizes of differences between OTS and individualised TKA were expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsPatients in both cohorts were similar in age (OTS vs. individualised TKA (median [IQR]), 67 [63–76] vs. 71 [68–79]; p = 0.207) and body mass index (BMI) (29 [24–33] vs. 29 [26–31]; p = 0.807), and there were no significant differences in other preoperative characteristics. The OR staff perceived individualised TKA as less demanding than OTS TKA: Individualised TKA was rated significantly better across the six domains of the NASA TLX: mental demand by 5.6 points, physical demand by 6.3 points, temporal demand by 5.3 points, performance by 3.6 points, effort by 5.9 points and frustration by 5.8 points. Individualised TKA resulted in statistically significantly shorter mean total OR time (MD, 10 min; p = 0.018).ConclusionThe staff in the OR found that individualised TKA is less mentally, physically and temporally demanding than OTS TKA. The average total time spent in the OR during individualised TKA is 10 min less than during OTS TKA.Clinical Trial RegistrationThis study constitutes a part of a larger registered randomised controlled trial comparing patient satisfaction following OTS versus individualised TKA (NCT04460989).Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Bidirectional needs assessment of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery short‐term surgical trips in Zimbabwe
Authors: Green Katerina J. , Matinhira Naboth , Jain Amiti , Arya Priya , Douse Dontre' M. , Dzongodza Titus , Chidziva Clemence , Wiedermann Joshua P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo describe findings from an otolaryngology‐specific needs assessment tool in Zimbabwe.MethodsSurveys were developed and shared with Low‐Middle Income Country (LMIC) hosting institutions in Zimbabwe and to High‐Income Country surgical trip participants (HIC). Respondents were otolaryngologists identified online and through professional networks who had participated in a surgical trip.ResultsThe most common procedures Zimbabwe otolaryngologists reported treating were adenotonsillectomy (85.7%), chronic rhinosinusitis (71.4%), chronic otitis (57.1%), and head and neck tumor intervention (57.1%). The most common untreatable conditions that host physicians wanted to treat were skull base surgery (71.4%), flap reconstructions (57.1%), and laryngotracheal reconstruction (57.1%). The largest discrepancy between host desires and visiting team offerings were flap reconstruction (57.1%), nasal bone deformities (37.1%), and laryngotracheal reconstruction (17.1%). Perceptions of short‐term surgical trips (STST) were recorded for host and visiting teams, and important differences between the public and private sectors of care in Zimbabwe were also identified.ConclusionThe surveys utilized in this study served as a bidirectional needs assessment of the requirements and care goals of host institutions and visiting teams in Zimbabwe. Differences between public and private sectors of care, particularly regarding infrastructure, resources, and surgical goals, were revealed, and the results can be utilized as part of efforts to maximize efforts within global surgical partnerships.Level of EvidenceVI.