bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Options for processing enamel before manufacturing an adhesive splinting structure
Authors: Starovoytova V. S. 
Published: June 2024

Relevance. The durability of a splint depends on a number of factors: the level of oral hygiene, the degree of tooth mobility, the presence of occlusal trauma, and the strength of adhesion of the splint-dental interface. In turn, the issues of adhesion are inextricably linked to the anatomical features of the structure of hard tissue, particularly enamel. The correct execution of the cleaning, removal of the aprismatic layer and acid etching steps in the fabrication of an extracoronal splint determines the quality of adhesion at the tire-tooth interface.The aim of the study is to study the enamel surface structure in preparation for extracoronal splinting of teeth.Material and research methods. The 40 teeth were divided into 4 groups depending on the chosen method of preparation for fixation of the reinforcement structure in the extracoronal splint: brushing with paste, treatment with air-abrasive and ultrasonic methods, preparation with a fine-dispersed diamond boron.Results of the study. The preparation of enamel surface with fine diamond boron with particle size of 20 µm and acid etching with 37 % orthophosphoric acid determined a uniform character of microstructure, in the full volume the etched areas of enamel prisms amounted to 98.55±0.51 % of the total surface area of the treated enamel.Conclusion. The preparation of the enamel surface with a fine diamond boron removes the aprismatic layer, ensuring the longevity of the fabricated splint by creating a high-quality "hybrid" layer at the splint-dental interface.
Prognostic factors in patients with hepatocellular cancer with progression after liver transplantation
Authors: Dzhanyan I. A. , Novruzbekov M. S. , Olisov O. D. , Breder V. V. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Hepatocellular cancer is the most frequent primary malignant neoplasm of the liver, developing against the background of viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, metabolic disorders, cirrhosis. Most often hepatocellular cancer is diagnosed at late stages of the disease, when patients are no longer subject to specific treatment. The priority method of treatment of early stages remains surgical. In the absence of cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis the best option is liver resection, in other cases orthotopic liver transplantation is performed. However, when hepatocellular cancer is diagnosed, most patients fall outside the Milan criteria, and the bridge to orthotopic liver transplantation is down-stage therapy. Bridge therapy is used to treat hepatocellular cancer while awaiting liver transplantation and aims to prevent stage progression. The probability of progression of hepatocellular cancer after orthotopic liver transplantation within the first two years is about 75% and about 10% is detected after the fourth year. Progression of hepatocellular cancer remains the main factor limiting the life expectancy of patients after orthotopic liver transplantation.The aim of the study: to evaluate the results of antitumor treatment of patients with hepatocellular cancer progression after liver transplantation.Materials and methods. We evaluated the results of treatment of 50 patients with hepatocellular cancer progression after orthotopic liver transplantation, who were treated on the basis of FGBU NMI Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin. N.N. Blokhin Oncology Center in the period from 2009 to 2020. We analyzed and evaluated overall and recurrence-free survival depending on the bridge therapy, type of treatment, presence of vascular invasion and portal vein thrombosis.Results. According to the results of bridge therapy, hepatocellular cancer stage progression was observed in 9 patients, stabilization - in 17 patients, partial/complete response – in 9 patients. The median recurrence-free survival of patients who received bridge therapy and down-stage therapy was 23.6 months; among patients who did not, it was 35.6 months. The median overall survival with surgical treatment was 79.8 months, whereas with radiation therapy it was 17.2 months. Conclusions. In the studied group of patients the treatment was tolerated satisfactorily. Optimization of immunosuppression protocol and modification of dose regimens of systemic therapy is considered as a condition for treatment, which leads to improvement of long-term treatment results (overall and relapse-free survival).
Global left frontal cortex connectivity attenuates the adverse effect of brain atrophy on global cognition in non-dementia participants
Authors: Du Wenying , Ding Changchang , Zhong Jiayi , Fan Chunqiu , Li Yuxia , Jiang Jiehui , Han Ying 
Published: June 2024

Aim: To investigate whether higher global left frontal cortex (gLFC) connectivity, a potential neural substrate of cognitive reserve (CR), mitigates the impact of brain atrophy on cognition in non-dementia participants.
Methods: A total of 43 clinically diagnostic normal controls (NC), 63 subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and 30 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were recruited, who underwent resting-state fMRI and structural MRI scans. The gLFC connectivity was defined as the average positive functional connectivity between the left frontal cortex and each voxel in the gray matter. Hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala volume volumes/intracranial volume ratio (HpVR, PhgVR, and AmyVR) values were computed as measures of brain atrophy. In general linear analysis, interaction term gLFC connectivity × brain atrophy on global cognition performance were tested, which were repeated in women and men separately. The Trial registration number is NCT03370744.
Results: Significant interaction effects of HpVR * gLFC connectivity (P = 0.031) and PhgVR * gLFC connectivity (P = 0.006) were observed, while AmyVR * gLFC connectivity (P = 0.088) showed a marginal significance. After accounting for APOE ε4 carrying status or diagnosis based on amyloidosis, the significant results still existed. In separate analysis, the significant interaction effects of HpVR * gLFC connectivity (P = 0.004), PhgVR * gLFC connectivity (P = 0.017), and AmyVR * gLFC connectivity (P = 0.027) were only observed in men, not in women.
Conclusion: The gLFC connectivity is associated with greater resilience against the adverse effect of specified brain atrophy on global cognition, which is more effective in men.
Observational constraints on future climate-driven changes in carbon uptake in the Amazon
Authors: Melnikova Irina , Yokohata Tokuta , Ito Akihiko , Nishina Kazuya , Tachiiri Kaoru , Shiogama Hideo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The Amazon tropical forest is a vital component of the global carbon cycle and climate systems due to its large biomass, photosynthetic productivity and profound influence on atmospheric dynamics and circulation patterns1–4. Reducing uncertainty in its response to future climate change is crucial for refining future climate projections. Although many emergent constraints (ECs) have been proposed for uncertainties in climate change projections from Earth system models (ESMs), limited research has focused on the ECs for the carbon cycle5–7. Here, we propose a novel EC to constrain the uncertainty in the future response of the Amazon tropical forest carbon cycle to climate change across the ESM ensemble that contributed to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6. We show that ESMs with larger recent past global mean temperature trends project hotter and drier future conditions in the Amazon tropical forest, resulting in a greater climate-driven loss of carbon uptake. The proposed EC lowers the upper bound of the carbon uptake loss from 0.6 GtC year-1 to 0.4 GtC year-1 and reduces the variance of the future climate-driven carbon loss projections by 34%. The proposed EC for the first time relates carbon and water cycles, clarifying the mechanism of the potential drying of the Amazon under future warming.
Carbon Pricing Drives Critical Transition to Green Growth
Authors: Mengesha Isaak , Roy Debraj 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Carbon pricing is a crucial tool in the efforts to address and mitigate climate change. In 2014, only 12% of carbon emissions fell under carbon pricing at USD7 per tonne; now, about 23% of greenhouse gas emissions are priced at USD32 per tonne. However, the regressive nature of carbon pricing can disproportionately affect low-income populations and potentially reduce political support and public awareness. This raises questions about the dynamics of increasing carbon pricing rates and the optimal balance between inequality, emissions, and economic growth. We find that a critical level of carbon pricing can induce tipping points; incentivizing technological adoption and fuel-switching behavior of energy producers. By combining carbon pricing with redistributive measures at these tipping points, we demonstrate that emissions can be rapidly reduced while maintaining economic growth and decreasing inequality. We also introduce real-time metrics for detecting sector-specific tipping points, without requiring counterfactual analysis. Our research has important implications for the ongoing debate around the relationship between economic growth, inequality, and environmental sustainability.
The Causal Relationship between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Arterial Thrombotic Diseases: Role of Systemic Inflammation and NF- κB/COX-2 Pathway
Authors: Wu You , Zhang Houwen , Yu Jialin , Liang Yu , Cai Wanru 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a significant global health issue that often coexists with arterial thrombotic diseases. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between COPD and these diseases, focusing on the role of systemic inflammation and the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway.
Methods: The Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR) approach was used to analyze the genetic correlation between COPD and the risks of ischemic stroke (IS) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using data from several large biobanks. Additionally, in vivo experiments with ApoE knockout mice and in vitro assays with primary mouse aorta endothelial cells were conducted to explore the role of the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway in COPD-related systemic inflammation.
Results: The MR analysis revealed a significant association between COPD and increased risks of IS (OR: 1.152) and AMI (OR: 1.001). In vivo findings showed exacerbated pulmonary dysfunction and atherogenesis in mice with both COPD and high-fat diet (HFD), with notable histological changes in lung and aortic tissues. Inflammatory markers and lipid profiles were significantly altered in these models. In vitro studies demonstrated that COPD-induced systemic inflammation impaired endothelial cell function. These changes were mitigated by inhibiting the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway.
Conclusions: This study provides strong evidence of a causal link between COPD and an elevated risk of arterial thrombotic diseases, mediated by systemic inflammation and the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway. These findings highlight the importance of addressing arteriosclerosis and thrombosis formation risks in COPD management and suggest that the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for reducing comorbidity in COPD patients.
Trends, Patterns and Cause-Specific Determinant Of Perinatal Mortality at Geita Regional Referral Hospital In Tanzania: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study
Authors: Kibwana Mfaume , Mathias Sadock P. , Sukari Omary 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Perinatal mortality is a sensitive issue that concerns the lives of newborn babies. In Tanzania, the perinatal mortality rate is high, accounting for 38/1000 live births.
Objective
A study titled "Patterns, Trends, and Specific Determinants of Perinatal Mortality" was conducted at Geita Regional Referral Hospital in 2023/24.
Results
The study found that several factors were significantly associated with perinatal deaths, including premature complication, severe birth asphyxia, unknown factors, neonatal sepsis, and aspiration pneumonia, anemia in pregnancy, eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, and malaria in pregnancy.
Recommendation:
The study recommended several measures, including using Community Health Care workers and FHCWs to offer health education on focused antenatal care and safe motherhood, improving ANC clinics, providing proper and increased allocation of human resources, and allowing trained nurses or anesthetists to perform caesarian sections. Pregnant women should also be alerted about their subsequent visit/appointment. Motivations, coating folic acid tablets and combining them with antiemetics to become user-friendly, additionally, traditional medicine labs should take samples of local herbs used by pregnant mothers to detect their chemical compositions and provide advice accordingly.
In conclusion
Reducing perinatal mortality in the Geita region requires a multisectoral approach and more investment we can make save the lives of many newborn babies
Elevation Gradients and Soil Characteristics Shapes Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal in Indian mid-Himalaya
Authors: Parihar Manoj , Mishra Pankaj Kumar , Paschapur Amit , Singh Ashish Kumar , Khati Priyanka , Bisht Jaideep Kumar , Kant Lakshmi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Indian mid-Himalayan Region as mountain ecosystem with range of biotic and abiotic condition provides unique opportunity to study the AMF diversity. In the present study, soil samples were collected from diverse land use system of four districts of Uttarakhand Himalayas ranging from ~ 1200 to 3100m height. AMF species were identified using morphological and molecular study of spores isolated from collected soil samples. Total six species were identified belonging to 4 genera and 2 families of Glomeromycota. Unlike spore density, AMF diversity and community composition were positively associated with altitude. Across the sampling sites, the most widely distributed species at Chamoli and Bageshwar was Gigaspora margarita (~ 40 and 37%) while at Almora and Nainital, Funneliformis mosseae (~ 28 and 31%) was the dominate species. In correlation study, AMF spore density was significantly (p < 0.01) and positively associated with organic carbon, urease, acid phosphatase and root colonization percentage while negatively with phosphorus, potassium and alkaline phosphatase. Overall, the present study suggested that pattern and distribution of AMF community in Himalayan region is strongly driven by altitude and soil characteristics.
The long non-coding RNA lncRNA-DRNR targets the JMJD6 to enhance replication of infectious bronchitis virus（IBV） by influencing the ISG expression pathway through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway
Authors: Yan Wenjun , Fu Xue , Lei Cangwei , Wang Hongning , yang xin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) is the causative agent of Infectious Bronchitis (IB), a severe disease that primarily affects young chickens and poses a significant challenge to the global poultry industry. Gaining an understanding of the intricate interplay between the virus and its host is crucial for developing novel antiviral strategies. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has emerged as a pivotal regulator of host antiviral immune responses, and our previous studies have indicated that IBV infection disrupts lncRNA stability in host cells, suggesting an unknown regulatory role for lncRNA in IBV pathogenesis. However, it remains unclear how lncRNA precisely modulates IBV replication. In this study, we observed down-regulation ofMSTRG.26120.58 (named lncRNA-DRNR) expression in various chicken cell lines upon IBV infection and demonstrated that silencing lncRNA-DRNR using siRNA enhances intracellular replication of IBV. Through exploration of genes encoding proteins upstream and downstream of lncRNA-DRNR within a 100kb range, we identified JMJD6 as a potential target gene negatively regulated by lncRNA-DRNR expression levels. Moreover, JMJD6 inhibits STAT1 methylation, thereby influencing induction of Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) through IFN-β-mediated JAK-STAT signaling pathway activation and ultimately promoting intracellular replication of IBV. In summary, our findings unveil the critical role played by lncRNA-DRNR during IBV infection while providing novel insights into mechanisms underlying coronavirus-induced disruption in lncRNA stability.
Association between Hydroxychloroquine Intake and Damage to the Outer Nuclear Layer in Eyes Without Manifest Retinal Toxicity
Authors: Salameh Nagib , Doumit Carla Abi , Jalkh Edmond , Nehme Joseph 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is widely used to treat various autoimmune diseases but carries a risk of retinal toxicity, particularly with prolonged use. Despite advancements, uncertainty persists regarding optimal screening methods. Recent advances in OCT have enabled early detection of retinal damage, with studies suggesting that thinning of specific retinal layers may be an early indicator of toxicity. However, there is a gap in research on outer nuclear layer (ONL) thinning in HCQ users without apparent retinal toxicity. This information is crucial for improving screening and identifying the ONL as a reliable biomarker for screening. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between HCQ intake and ONL damage in eyes without manifest retinal toxicity.
Methods
A case‒control study was conducted at the ophthalmology department of Eye and Ear Hospital International from July 2022 to June 2023. The study included 20 individuals on HCQ and 20 age-matched controls. The data were obtained through chart reviews, and participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic assessments.
Results
A total of 80 eyes were analyzed. Patients on HCQ exhibited significantly thinner perifoveal, parafoveal, and overall ONL compared to controls (P < .001, P < .012, and P < 0.004, respectively). Similarly, this association was found in regions 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9 of the ETDRS cube (P < .01, P < .001, P < .03, P < .04, P < .001, and P < .02, respectively), most pronounced in the inferior regions: 4 and 8. The cumulative dose was weakly associated with decreased ONL thickness only in region 3 (P < .047). Correlation analysis of the initial and most recent OCT scans in the same individuals revealed a weak association with ONL thinning in the central region (region 1) (P < .0048).
Conclusion
The thickness of the ONL can significantly decrease in patients taking HCQ, even if they don't show signs of retinal toxicity. This study is the first to evaluate this association in eyes with negative screening and diagnostic tests for HCQ retinopathy. The findings suggest that ONL thickness could serve as an early diagnostic indicator for HCQ retinal toxicity.
Association between hematocrit-to-albumin ratio and acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Wen , Zhang Yupei , Qu Xingguang , Zhang Chunzhen , Zhang Zhaohui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis (AP) can result in acute kidney injury (AKI), which is linked to poor outcomes. We aimed to assess the relationship between the hematocrit-to-albumin ratio (HAR) and AKI in this population. This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients diagnosed with AP and admitted to hospital. Data were systematically extracted from electronic medical records, covering baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Total 1,514 AP patients were enrolled, with 17% (257/1,514) developing AKI. Multivariable-adjusted regression analysis, curve fitting, threshold effects analyses, and subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between HAR and AKI incidence in AP patients. Compared to the reference tertile of HAR, the adjusted OR values for the lower and higher tertiles of HAR were 1.25 (95% CI: 0.82-1.91, P = 0.297) and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.03-2.20, P = 0.037), respectively, after adjusting for covariates. The curve fitting results showed a J-shaped relationship between HAR and AKI (non-linear, p = 0.001), with an inflection point of 8.969. Furthermore, validation using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database AP population revealed a similar relationship with an inflection point at 10.257. Our findings suggest a J-shaped relationship between HAR and AKI in AP patients, indicating higher risk of AKI when HAR exceeds 8.969.
Clinical utility of rapid on-site evaluation of brush cytology during bronchoscopy using endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath
Authors: Nishiyama Kazuhiro , Morikawa Kei , Kaneko Shotaro , Nishida Makoto , Matsushima Aya , Nishi Yoshihiro , Numata Yu , Shinozaki Yusuke , Tsuruoka Hajime , Kida Hirotaka , Handa Hiroshi , Shimada Naoki , Okawa Chie , Oike Nobuyuki , Koike Junki , Mineshita Masamichi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) improves the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy using endobronchial ultrasonography with guided sheath (EBUS-GS) for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). There are many reports on the ROSE of imprint cytology of forceps biopsy; however, there are few reports on the ROSE of brush cytology. We investigated the utility of ROSE in brushing PPL specimens during bronchoscopy. We retrospectively analyzed 214 patients who underwent bronchoscopy with EBUS-GS for PPL. Sensitivity to bronchoscopy was significantly higher in the ROSE group than in the non-ROSE group (96.8% vs. 83.3%, P = 0.002), wherein the sensitivity to brushing also significantly improved (92.9% vs. 75.0%, P < 0.001). Conversion of ROSE results from negative to positive was observed in 79.5% of first-time ROSE-negative cases. We also found that brush specimens containing high tumor cell counts increase with repeated ROSE (42.1–69.0%). This study suggests that ROSE of brush cytology improves bronchoscopy sensitivity and increases the collected tumor cell counts.
The dural attachment length predict prognosis in patients with recurrent meningiomas
Authors: Ye Gengzhao , Lin Qingqing , Wu Xiyue , You Honghai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the prognostic factors of recurrent meningioma patients who underwent reoperation, so as to make relevant recommendations for the treatment.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on 73 patients with recurrent meningioma. Patients' clinical data were obtained from their medical records. Progression-free Survival (PFS) was defined as the interval from the date of surgery to the date of tumor recurrence, or to the date of the last imaging review. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the time from the date of surgery to death from any cause, or to the date of the last follow-up.
Results
The multivariate COX regression showed that dural attachment length (HR = 1.238, 95%CI1.011-1.516, P = 0.039) and WHO grade (HR = 2.184, 95%CI1.135-4.203, P = 0.019) were independent risk factors for tumor progression. The factors associated with survival in multivariate regression analysis were preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) (HR = 0.951, 95%CI0.923-0.979, P = 0.001), dural attachment length (HR = 1.520, 95%CI1.124-2.057, P = 0.007) and WHO grade (HR = 4.829, 95%CI1.891-12.331, P = 0.001). The dural attachment length (OR = 1.843, 95%CI1.236-2.748, P = 0.003) was the only risk factor associated with postoperative pulmonary infection. No correlation was observed between Simpson's grade and either PFS or OS.
Conclusion
The dural attachment length of meningioma is closely related to prognosis. In the follow-up of recurrent meningiomas, early surgical intervention should be performed when the dural attachment length grows progressively.