bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of graphene polypyrrole for enhanced adsorption of moxifloxacin antibiotic: an experimental design approach and isotherm investigation
Authors: Ishaq Sara , Nadim Ahmed H. , Amer Sawsan M. , Elbalkiny Heba T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe presence of antibiotics in water systems had raised a concern about their potential harm to the aquatic environment and human health as well as the possible development of antibiotic resistance. Herein, this study investigates the power of adsorption using graphene-polypyrrole (GRP-PPY) nanoparticles as a promising approach for the removal of Moxifloxacin HCl (MXF) as a model antibiotic drug. GRP-PPY nanoparticles synthesis was performed with a simple and profitable method, leading to the formation of high surface area particles with excellent adsorption properties. Characterization was assessed with various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Box-Behnken experimental design was developed to optimize the adsorption process. Critical parameters such as initial antibiotic concentration, nanoparticle concentration, and pH were investigated. The Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fit to the experimental data, indicating multilayer adsorption of MXF onto the GRP-PPY-NP. As a result, a high adsorption capacity of MXF (92%) was obtained in an optimum condition of preparing 30 μg/mL of the drug to be adsorbed by 1 mg/mL of GRP-PPY-NP in pH 9 within 1 h in a room temperature. Moreover, the regeneration and reusability of GRP-PPY-NP were investigated. They could be effectively regenerated for 3 cycles using appropriate desorption agents without significant loss in adsorption capacity. Overall, this study highlights the power of GRP-PPY-NP as a highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of MXF from wastewater as it is the first time to use this NP for a pharmaceutical product which shows the study's novelty, and the findings provide valuable insights into the development of sustainable and effective wastewater treatment technologies for combating antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments.
Health-SigQOLM is a versatile scale for measuring various aspects of health-related quality of life
Authors: Bujang Mohamad Adam , Lai Wei Hong , Ratnasingam Selvasingam , Tiong Xun Ting , Hon Yoon Khee , Yap Eileen Pin Pin , Jee Yvonne Yih Huan , Ahmad Nurul Fatma Diyana , Kim Alex Ren Jye , Husin Masliyana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
The “Health” element is one of the elements in Significant Quality of Life Measure (SigQOLM) that measures quality of life and well-being of people. This study aims to evaluate the Health element (Health-SigQOLM) as a generic and dynamic scale to measure health-related quality of life (HRQOL) with a broader spectrum of coverage. This study used a secondary data that developed SigQOLM. Only the “Health” element with 33 items is used for analysis.

Results
The construct of Health-SigQOLM has a minimum factor loading of 0.425 with excellent model fit. The health status among healthcare workers is significantly associated with the Health-SigQOLM (p < 0.001). The Health-SigQOLM score can clearly distinguish between healthy people and those who have been afflicted with some diseases but have never been hospitalized due to disease progression or other associated complications (p = 0.002). The Health-SigQOLM is a generic and dynamic tool for assessing various aspects of health-related quality of life.
Evaluation of a multifaceted implementation strategy for semi-automated surveillance of surgical site infections after total hip or knee arthroplasty: a multicentre pilot study in the Netherlands
Authors: Brekelmans Manon , Hopmans Titia , van Mourik Maaike , de Greeff Sabine , Swillens Julie , van Rooden Stephanie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
To promote the nation-wide implementation of semi-automated surveillance (AS) of surgical site infection after hip and knee arthroplasty, the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) deployed a decentralised multifaceted implementation strategy. This strategy consisted of a protocol specifying minimum requirements for an AS system, supported by a user manual, education module, individual guidance for hospitals and user-group meetings. This study describes an effect evaluation and process evaluation of the implementation strategy for AS in five frontrunner hospitals.

Methods
To evaluate the effect of the implementation strategy, the achieved phase of implementation was determined in each frontrunner hospital at the end of the study period. The process evaluation consisted of (1) an evaluation of the feasibility of strategy elements, (2) an evaluation of barriers and facilitators for implementation and (3) an evaluation of the workload for implementation. Interviews were performed as a basis for a subsequent survey quantifying the results regarding the feasibility as well as barriers and facilitators. Workload was self-monitored per profession. Qualitative data were analysed using a framework analysis, whereas quantitative data were analysed descriptively.

Results
One hospital finished the complete implementation process in 240 person-hours. Overall, the elements of the implementation strategy were often used, positively received and overall, the strategy was rated effective and feasible. During the implementation process, participants perceived the relative advantage of AS and had sufficient knowledge about AS. However, barriers regarding complexity of AS data extraction, data-infrastructure, and validation, lack of capacity and motivation at the IT department, and difficulties with assigning roles and responsibilities were experienced.

Conclusion
A decentralised multifaceted implementation strategy is suitable for the implementation of AS in hospitals. Effective local project management, including clear project leadership and ownership, obtaining commitment of higher management levels, active involvement of stakeholders, and appropriate allocation of roles and responsibilities is important for successful implementation and should be facilitated by the implementation strategy. Sufficient knowledge about AS, its requirements and the implementation process should be available among stakeholders by e.g. an education module. Furthermore, exchange of knowledge and experiences between hospitals should be encouraged in user-group meetings.
A fast spectral recovery does not necessarily indicate post-fire forest recovery
Authors: Celebrezze Joe V. , Franz Madeline C. , Andrus Robert A. , Stahl Amanda T. , Steen-Adams Michelle , Meddens Arjan J. H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Climate change has increased wildfire activity in the western USA and limited the capacity for forests to recover post-fire, especially in areas burned at high severity. Land managers urgently need a better understanding of the spatiotemporal variability in natural post-fire forest recovery to plan and implement active recovery projects. In burned areas, post-fire “spectral recovery”, determined by examining the trajectory of multispectral indices (e.g., normalized burn ratio) over time, generally corresponds with recovery of multiple post-fire vegetation types, including trees and shrubs. Field data are essential for deciphering the vegetation types reflected by spectral recovery, yet few studies validate spectral recovery metrics with field data or incorporate spectral recovery into spatial models of post-fire vegetation recovery. We investigated relationships between spectral recovery and field measurements of post-fire recovery (16 to 27 years post-fire) from 99 plots in mixed conifer forests of the Blue Mountains, USA. Additionally, using generalized linear mixed effects models, we assessed the relative capacities of multispectral, climatic, and topographic data to predict field measurements of post-fire recovery.

Results
We found that a fast spectral recovery did not necessarily coincide with field measurements of forest recovery (e.g., density of regenerating seedlings, saplings, and young trees and % juvenile conifer cover). Instead, fast spectral recovery often coincided with increases in % shrub cover. We primarily attributed this relationship to the response of snowbrush ceanothus, an evergreen shrub that vigorously resprouts post-fire. However, in non-trailing edge forests—where it was cooler and wetter and fast-growing conifers were more common—rapid spectral recovery coincided with both increases in % shrub cover and forest recovery. Otherwise, spectral recovery showed potential to identify transitions to grasslands, as grass-dominated sites showcased distinctly slow spectral trajectories. Lastly, field measurements of post-fire forest recovery were best predicted when including post-fire climate and multispectral data in predictive models.

Conclusions
Despite a disconnect between a fast spectral recovery and forest recovery, our results suggest that including multispectral data improved models predicting the likelihood of post-fire forest recovery. Improving predictive models would aid land managers in identifying sites to implement active reforestation projects.

Graphical Abstract
Photo credit: J. Celebrezze
Molecular residual disease (MRD) detection using bespoke circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assays in localized soft tissue sarcoma (STS): A multicenter study.
Authors: Alshibany Aisha , Zhou Maggie , Warren Emilie AK , Ganjoo Kristen N. , Demicco Elizabeth , Feeney Jordan , Lee Jasmine , Shultz David Benjamin , Spickard Erik , Bui Nam , Cardona Kenneth , Salawu Abdulazeez , Abdul Razak Albiruni Ryan 
Published: June 2024

11537 Background: Surgery and (neo)adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) are the mainstay curative treatments for localized STS. Despite treatment, up to 50% of STS patients experience metastatic relapse, and routine use of adjuvant systemic therapy (AST) remains controversial. The presence of ctDNA following curative-intent treatment of STS is a potential biomarker for MRD and may identify patients who are likely to benefit from AST. Given the genomic heterogeneity of STS, a histology-agnostic approach to ctDNA detection in this population is desirable. Methods: This multicentre prospective study enrolled patients with localized, high-risk (grade ≥ 2, size ≥ 5 cm) STS. Blood samples were collected at diagnosis, post- radiotherapy, post-surgery, and at serial longitudinal time points for up to 2 years. Standard radiologic follow-up was performed concurrently. Whole exome sequencing of tumor tissue was carried out to identify patient-specific, single nucleotide variants. Personalized, and tumor-informed multiplex PCR next-generation sequencing-based ctDNA (Signatera) assays were used to track ctDNA in serial plasma samples. The primary endpoint was ctDNA detection rate of >70% at diagnosis. Secondary endpoints were MRD detection after local therapy and correlation of ctDNA detection with disease relapse. Results: A total of 76 subjects (female n = 43; median age [range]: 58 [21- 84] years) were included in this study from Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Stanford University, and Emory University. The most common STS types observed were leiomyosarcoma (LMS, n = 28), liposarcoma (n = 14), (predominantly dedifferentiated [n = 6]), and myxofibrosarcoma (n = 11). Among 38 pts who had blood samples collected at baseline (time of surgery), ctDNA was positive in 30/38 (79%). A baseline sample prior to radiotherapy was collected in 24 pts. Following neoadjuvant radiotherapy, 8/24 pts (33%) who were ctDNA positive at baseline became ctDNA negative, while 29/30 became ctDNA-negative after surgical resection. Median follow-up was 19 months, and 19/76 pts (25%) experienced disease recurrence Among these 19 pts, ctDNA was detected in all pts with baseline studies. ctDNA was detected at or before radiologic recurrence in 9/19 pts (47%), predominantly LMS 4/9, with a median lead time of 64.8 days (range: 0-197 days). ctDNA was detected in 14/38 patients at baseline with no radiological recurrence during follow-up period. Conclusions: Personalized, tumor-informed ctDNA assays can detect MRD and has prognostic value after definitive therapy, surgery and (neo)adjuvant radiotherapy, in localized STS patients. Additional studies are ongoing to evaluate ctDNA as a predictive biomarker for benefit from AST in STS. Clinical trial information: NCT03818412 .
Symptom burden in adolescents and young adults with cancer: A subgroup analysis of the enhanced, EHR-facilitated cancer symptom control (E2C2) trial.
Authors: Storandt Michael H. , Jin Zhaohui , Kour Oudom , Ruddy Kathryn Jean , Pachman Deirdre R. , Kroenke Kurt , Griffin Joan M. , Austin Jessica , Chlan Linda L. , Cobran Ewan Kemar , Greenmyer Jacob , Grzegorczyk Veronica , Allen-Rhoades Wendy A , Ehlers Shawna L. , Wilder Smith Ashley , Mitchell Sandra A. , Shi Qian , Cheville Andrea L. 
Published: June 2024

12065 Background: Incidence of cancer, including colorectal, breast, pancreas, kidney, and uterine cancer, is increasing in younger populations. Adolescents and young adults (AYA, defined as age 15-39) with cancer face unique challenges. This study aimed to characterize how symptom burden differs between AYA and non-AYA (aged 40+) patients with cancer. Methods: We performed a subgroup analysis of the E2C2 study, a cluster-randomized, pragmatic trial examining the effectiveness of routine symptom assessment and guideline-based management on patient-centered and healthcare utilization metrics during and following cancer treatment. Six symptoms [Sleep disturbance, Pain, Physical function impairment, Anxiety, Depression, and Energy deficit/fatigue (SPPADE)] were evaluated using 11-point numerical rating scales (NRS). Symptom severity was classified as mild (0-3), moderate (4-6), or severe (7-10). We conducted a subgroup analysis of symptom burden among AYA patients (defined as age 18-39 in this study), using their first-reported NRS scores. Results: The E2C2 cohort included 2,598 AYA patients and 38,061 non-AYA patients who completed >1 SPPADE NRS on at least one survey. AYA patients were more likely than non-AYA patients to report severe anxiety ( p<0.0001) and depression ( p<0.0001) (Table). Non-AYA patients were more likely to report severe pain ( p=0.02179), fatigue ( p=0.0022), and physical function limitations ( p<0.0001). Sociodemographic differences were also noted. A higher proportion of AYA patients held a bachelor’s degree or higher (38% vs 28%), were employed (73% vs 37%), and lived in an urban setting (67% vs 56%), compared to non-AYA patients. Non-AYA patients were more likely to have government insurance (63% vs 21%) and to be married (72% vs 59%). Conclusions: AYA patients with cancer were more likely to report severe depression and anxiety compared to their counterparts age 40 and above, underscoring the need for targeted and tailored psycho-oncology care for this population. [Table: see text]
Coping in caregivers of patients with primary malignant brain tumors: A mediation analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Forst Deborah Anne , Willis Kelcie D , Strander Sumita Madhok , Whitman Jessica Devon , Chiu Daniel , Horick Nora K. , Pintro Kedie , El-Jawahri Areej , Greer Joseph A. , Temel Jennifer S. , Jacobs Jamie M. 
Published: June 2024

12110 Background: Caregivers of patients with primary malignant brain tumors (PMBT) experience immense psychological distress and lack tailored supportive care resources. In a recently completed randomized controlled trial, we demonstrated that a brief telehealth-based psychological intervention (“NeuroCARE”) for caregivers of patients with PMBT led to decreased anxiety and depression symptoms as well as greater caregiving self-efficacy and coping ability compared to usual care (UC). To explore active drivers of the intervention, we examined whether improvements in caregivers’ coping ability mediated the effects of NeuroCARE on psychosocial outcomes. Methods: From October 2019 to June 2022, we enrolled 120 adult caregivers (mean age 53 years, 83% female, 70% spouse/partner) of patients newly diagnosed with a PMBT to a trial of NeuroCARE vs. UC. Eligible caregivers had elevated baseline anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 ≥ 5). Caregivers self-reported their anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety), depression symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression), coping skills (Measure of Current Status), and caregiving self-efficacy (Lewis Cancer Self-Efficacy Scale) at baseline and 11 weeks (post-intervention). We ran three causal mediation regression models with bias-corrected bootstrapping to examine whether intervention effects on anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and self-efficacy at 11 weeks were mediated by changes in coping ability from baseline to 11-weeks. Results: Improvements in anxiety symptoms at 11 weeks in caregivers assigned to NeuroCARE, compared to those receiving UC, were mediated by increased coping ability across the 11 weeks. Improved coping ability led to a 1.44 decrease in anxiety on the HADS-A for patients assigned to NeuroCARE (indirect effect = -1.44, bootstrapped SE = 0.49, 95% CI [-2.50, -0.54]). This indirect effect accounted for 75% of the total intervention effect on anxiety. Similarly, NeuroCARE-related reductions in 11-week depression symptoms were mediated by improved coping ability (indirect effect = -1.43, bootstrapped SE = 0.38, 95% CI [-2.21, -0.74], 82% of the total effect), as were increases in caregiving self-efficacy (indirect effect = 11.03, bootstrapped SE = 2.59, 95% CI [6.30, 16.53], 63% of the total effect). Conclusions: The beneficial effects of the intervention on caregivers’ anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and self-efficacy were driven indirectly by caregivers’ use of evidence-based coping skills learned in NeuroCARE. The identification of coping as an active intervention component is critical for optimizing the scalability and sustainability of NeuroCARE for this highly burdened and distressed PMBT caregiver population. Clinical trial information: NCT04109209 .
Patterns of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with melanoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
Authors: He Jiasen , John Ida , Afridi Faraz , Sun Mianen , Wang Yinghong , Roth Michael , McQuade Jennifer Leigh 
Published: June 2024

12117 Background: ICIs are increasingly used in AYAs with cancer, however, limited data exists on the frequency and pattern of irAEs in this population and the ability to rechallenge with ICIs after irAEs. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed AYAs aged 15-39 with melanoma who received treatment with ICIs at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 2013 to 2023. Treatment cessation was defined as switching therapies or pausing the original treatment for over 3 months, and rechallenge as resuming immunotherapy post-cessation. Results: A total of 136 pts were included, 80 were male (59%), with median age at 33 years (range, 15-39 years) upon initial ICI exposure. The majority had non-acral cutaneous melanoma (107, 79%) and 83 (63%) had a BRAF V600E/R/K alteration. Ninety-three percent patients had stage III/IV cancer at ICI treatment initiation. Targeted therapy was used in 20 patients (15%) prior to starting ICI and 16 patients (12%) concurrently. Combination immunotherapy was utilized in 43% of cases, while monotherapy in 57%. The initial intent for ICIs was adjuvant in 51% of the cases, palliative in 37% and neoadjuvant in 12%. The incidence of any-grade and grade III/IV irAEs with 1st line ICI therapy was 60% and 21% for the full cohort (with combination of CTLA-4/PD-1 blockers 70% and 33%; with PD-1 blockers monotherapy was 50% and 9%, respectively). Forty-eight AYAs had multi-system irAEs (35%) and 23 were grade III/IV. Thirty-two (24%) patients had their initial ICI stopped due to irAEs with hepatitis (31%, 10/32) and colitis (28%, 9/32) being the most common causes. Eighteen patients (13%) had irAE-related hospitalizations. Specific irAEs are listed in the table. Seventy-two (53%) patients were rechallenged with ICIs. Of these, 51 had previous irAEs and among these, 71% had recurrent irAEs. Seventy-six percent (36/51) experienced irAEs again with 33% (17/51) having the same irAEs. Twenty-six percent of patients (13/51) had grade III/IV irAEs. Conclusions: In AYAs with melanoma who were treated with ICIs, irAE is one of the major reasons for treatment interruption. The incidence of irAEs in AYAs appears somewhat lower than the rates previously reported in registrational trials, though this should be interpreted with caution given retrospective nature of current study. Patients with prior irAEs have a higher risk of recurrent or new irAEs upon rechallenge, however, the majority were low grade without serious negative outcome. [Table: see text]
The role of prebiotics in gastrointestinal health: a systematic review
Authors: Ojo Omorogieva , Elliott Helen 
Published: June 2024

Background: Many chronic conditions in humans, including inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, have been linked to an imbalance in the gut microbial ecosystem. The maintenance of healthy gut microbiota involving the use of prebiotics may contribute to eubiosis, which could be useful in promoting gastrointestinal health. This systemic review aims to examine the role of prebiotics in gastrointestinal health. Method: The systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA framework. Searches were carried out in electronic databases including Health Sciences Research Databases, EMBASE and the reference list of articles. The PICO tool was used to develop the search terms and the results of the searches were screened for eligibility based on inclusion and the exclusion criteria. Results: Seven randomised controlled studies were included in the systematic review. Following the review of the results of the studies included, three distinct areas were identified. Conclusions: This systematic review has demonstrated that prebiotics are effective in promoting the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and gastrointestinal health with minimal discomfort, although the type and amount of prebiotics are important factors.