bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunological Studies on Experimental Infection of Pigs with Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782. II. The Use of the Conglutinating Complement Absorption Test for the Demonstration of Ascaris Antibody
Authors: Taffs L. F. 
Published: June 2009

The technique of the conglutinating complement absorption test, which has been used to detect antibody in pigs infected with Ascaris, and the method employed for rendering pig serum suitable for use in this test, have been described.Antibodies against Ascaris can be detected by the use of the following antigens: (1) An alcoholic extract of ovaries, oviducts and uteri of the female adult Ascaris. (2) Boiled and unboiled saline extracts of whole worm. (3) Polysaccharide fraction of whole worm.On an examination of antisera from pigs infected with Oesophagostomum dentatiim, no cross-reaction between Oesophagostomum and A. sttum was observed using a saline extract of whole Ascaris worm as antigen.
Capillaria obsignata Madsen, 1945 (Nematoda) from the Black Swan
Authors: Wakelin D. 
Published: June 2009

1. Capillaria obsignata Madsen, 1945 is described from the small intestine of the Black Swan (Cygnus atratus) for the first time.2. The description of C. obsignata from the Black Swan is compared with the descriptions of C. anseris Madsen, 1945, C. droummondi Travassos, 1915 and C. obsignata from the domestic fowl, and it is concluded that C. anseris and C. droummondi are synonyms of C. obsignata.3. Capillaria anatis and Trichostrongylus tennis are recorded from the Black Swan as new host records.
A Comparison of the Infectivity and Pathogenicity of Trichinella spiralis Strains from Poland and Kenya
Authors: Kozar Zbigniew , Kozar Maria 
Published: June 2009

1. A lower pathogenicity of the Kenya strain of T. spiralis was substantiated in mice as compared with our laboratory strain; infection with a dose of 2,000 larvae from the laboratory strain resulted in the death of all the animals, whereas 7 out of 10 and 6 out of 20 mice infected with the Kenya strain survived.2. The reason for the lower pathogenicity of the Kenya strain is related to its weaker infectivity; after the infection with 200 larvae of the Kenya strain the number of muscle larvae produced was half (on average 17,595 larvae) that of the laboratory strain (average 32,792 larvae).
The Nematodes Parasitic in the Gizzard of Birds: A Study in Morphological Convergence
Authors: Inglis William G. 
Published: June 2009

1. The structure of the head in the families Acuariidae and Habronematidae is described. It is established that the first is characterized by the cephalic papillae being on the pseudo-labia and all the cephalic elaborations being modifications of the pseudolabia and by paired structures arising dorsally and ventrally from the inner surfaces of the pseudo-labia. The second family is characterized by the presence of large, single labia, dorsally and ventrally, which cany the cephalic papillae.2. The family Acuariidae contains three groups, accepted as subfamilies. Acuariinae: characterized by long cordons produced by the development posteriorly of both the inner pseudo-labial flanges and the edges of the pseudo-labia; Seuratiinae: characterized by a cephalic cap developed largely from the outer surface of the head posterior to the pseudo-labia; Schistorophorinae: characterized by the presence of various lobes or helmet-like modifications derived from the inner surface of the pseudo-labia.
A Study of the Gastro-intestinal Worm Burden in Grazing Ewes
Authors: Bruce R. G. , Owen J. B. 
Published: June 2009

The worm burden in grazing ewes was studied. Analysis of the results showed that correcting worm egg counts (e.p.g. fresh faeces) for variations in faecal D.M. content and in total faeces output is not of any great benefit unless precise information is available.Data are also presented which suggest that under normal circumstances variations in the sub-clinical worm burden of adult grazing ewes are not related to any variations in food intake.
Helminths from the Alimentary Canal of Farm Mink in Britain
Authors: McTaggart H. S. 
Published: June 2009

1. The gastro-intestinal tracts of 200 mink from 42 farms were examined for helminth parasites.2. No parasites were found in the stomach but two species of fish-borne parasite were found in the intestine.3. Evidence of infestation with the heterophyid trematodeCryptocotyle linguawas found in twelve mink, the largest number of flukes recovered from any one mink being seven.4. Single immature specimens of the acanthocephalidCorynosonta hadweniwere recovered from four mink, but it is considered that these were not instances of true parasitism.5. It is concluded that helminth parasites do not constitute an important hazard on mink farms in Britain;
Studies on Larval Trematodes Infecting Freshwater Snails in London (U.K.) and Some Adjoining Areas:Part I.—Echinostome Gercariae
Authors: Khan D. 
Published: June 2009

Seven species of Echinostome cercariae are recorded from London ponds and rivers. Two of these,C. Z. ReesandC. echinoparyphii recurvatiMathias have already been described from other parts of Britain. The rest are new species.C. londonensisn.sp.,C. deficipinnatumn.sp. are thirty-seven spined andC. essexensisn.sp. has forty-nine spines.C. hamptonensisn. sp., andC. thamesensisn. sp. are both large-tailed Echinostome cercariae, with twenty collar spines.The possibility of using snails as second intermediate hosts byC. hamptonensis, a large-tailed Echinostome cercaria is shown to be highly improbable.The classification of Echinostome cercariae is discussed.
The Dimorphism of Polystoma integerrimum (Frölich) Rudolphi and its Bearing on Relationships within the Polystomatidae: Part II
Authors: Williams Joan B. 
Published: June 2009

The neotenic adult resembles the normal adult in general form, but is considerably smaller, varying between 1·4 and 3·5 mm. in length. The caudal disc bears three pairs of suckers, incompletely developed anchor hooks, and infrequently, persistent larval booklets (Fig. 7, l.h.).Fine brown granules colour the intestine, and anteriorly four pigment spots mark the eyes. The gonopore (Fig. 7, gon.) is posteriorly placed, lying some distance behind the transverse level of the excretory openings. Vaginal prominences and copulation pores are absent.
Relationships of Some Species of Digenea with the Marine Prosobranch Littorina littorea (L.) I. The Occurrence of Larval Digenea in L, littorea on the North Yorkshire Coast
Authors: Robson E. M. , Williams I. C. 
Published: June 2009

1. 8515 specimens of the common periwinkle, Littorina littorea (L.), from four localities on the North Yorkshire coast were examined for larval Digenea during 1966 and 1907. Four species were found, namely Cryptocotyle lingua (Creplin, 1825), Himasthla leptosoma (Creplin, 1829), Cercaria lebouri Stunkard, 1932 and Cercaria A, the incidence of infection with which correlated with the presence of sea bird and wader final hosts.2. 5878 of all L. littorea examined were from one locality of relatively high incidence of infection where there were seasonal changes in incidence, being greatest during the autumn and early winter and least during the summer. The incidence of infection was higher in larger than in smaller periwinkles except in infections with an unidentified species, named Cercaria A, where the incidence declined sharply in L. littorea above 25 mm shell length. The ecology of the infections is discussed.
On Two Infective Filarial Larvae in Mansonia crassipes with a Note on other Infective Larvae in Wild-caught Mosquitoes in Ceylon
Authors: Dissanaike A. S. , Nlles W. J. 
Published: June 2009

1. The morphology of the infective larvae of Cardiofilaria nilesi and Pelecitus sp. in Mansonia crassipes is described in some detail, and sex differences have been noted in them.2. Infective larvae of C. nilesi can be distinguished from those of Wuchereria bancrofti by the form of the caudal papillae.3. A brief description is given of four unidentified larvae from other wild-caught mosquitoes in Ceylon.
Studies on Larval Trematodes Infecting Fresnwater Snails in London (U.K.) and Some Adjoining Areas. Part V. Pharyngeal, Longifurcate, Distome Furcocercariae
Authors: Khan D 
Published: June 2009

Seven species of pharyngeal, longifurcate, distome furcocercariae are recorded from London (U.K.).C. letifera Fuhr. is recorded for the first time from Britain. Two new species are described in detail.
Microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in blood and urine before, during, and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine
Authors: Fuglsang Harald , Anderson John 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMicrofilariae of Onchocerca volvulus were found in venous blood samples in 17 of 20 patients with moderate to severe ocular onchocerciasis in a Sudan-savanna focus in Cameroon. They were present in the urine in 7 of the 20 patients. The numbers of microfilariae increased during DEC therapy, both in the blood and urine, and they were not completely eliminated after 2 weeks of therapy.
The effect of variation in miracidial exposure dose on laboratory infections of Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum in Lymnaea gedrosiana
Authors: Massoud J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe laboratory infection of Lymnaea gedrosiana with 1,2,5,10 and 20 miracidia of Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum, resulted in infection rates of 54.5%, 57.1%, 62.5%, 84.0% and 100% respectively, with a prepatent period of 18–21 days.The numbers of cercariae shed daily by single snails exposed to one or 2 miracidia were significantly lower than from those exposed to 5,10 or 20 miracidia.Few cercariae were shed during the early patent period, but the number increased with the duration of infection. All infected snails died at the peak of cercarial shedding, and no infected snails survived more than 60 days after exposure to miracidia. The differences between the mean life-span of infected snails and non-infected snails in the control group were statistically significant (P < 0.001).
The taxonomic status of Spirometra Faust, Campbell et Kellogg, 1929 (Cestoidea: Diphyllobothriidae)
Authors: Schmidt Gerald D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe taxonomic histories of Spirometra and Lueheella are reviewed, and the former is shown to be a junior synonym of the latter. Gatesius probably has priority over both. It is suggested that the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature be petitioned to exert their Plenary Powers to validate Spirometra and invalidate Lueheella and Gatesius.
Acanthocephala in the flatfish Solea bleekeri (Soleidae) from Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Bray Rodney A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo species of palaeacanthocephalan from Solea bleekeri from estuarine waters in Cape Province, South Africa, are described. Rhaidinorhynchus capensis sp. npv. differs from its closest relatives in having a smaller proboscis and in having body-spines arranged in a single field. Longicollum sp. innom., described from a single male specimen, differs from other species of the genus in having a basal row of large proboscis hooks and in having a recurved proboscis-sac.The two species of palaeacanthocephalans described in this report were collected from Solea bleekeri Boulenger, 1898, in estuarine waters in the southern-most region of Cape Province and donated to the British Museum (Natural History) by Professor John H. Day of the Zoology Department, University of Cape Town. Co-infestations did not occur, nor were both species found in the same immediate geographical area. The coastal region of Cape Province, from Algoa Bay in the east, to Cape Agulhas or Cape Point in the west, constitutes, according to Ekman (1953), an independent zoogeographical province, and, therefore, data on the parasitic worms of the marine fish of this region, which at the moment are exceedingly meagre, may be of interest and importance as indicators of the affinities of the fish stocks inhabiting this area.
Experimental transfer of Anisakis sp. larvae (Nematoda: Ascaridida) from one fish host to another
Authors: Smith John. W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBatches of 10 Anisakis larvae from Greenland salmon (Salmo salar) were labelled with radioiodcin and fed to 10 haddock (Melanogrammus aegiefimis). Similar batches of larvae from herring (Clupea harengus) were fed to 8 whiting (Merlangius merlangus). At post-mortem from 15 to 190 hours after infection, 0 to 6 larvae were recovered from whiting (over-all recovery rate 18.8%) and 0 to 4 larvae were recovered from haddock (over-all recovery rate 27%). Larvae penetrated the wall of the stomach or of a pyloric caecum. They were first seen in the body-cavity 24 hours after infection and a delicate capsule was present around some of them by 34 hours. Most larvae were recovered from the body-cavity but, in haddock, two had penetrated the epaxial musculature.
Studies on the biology and taxonomy of Diplostomulum (Tylodelphylus) xenopodis from the African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis
Authors: Tinsley R. C. , Sweeting R. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe morphology of Diplostomulum (Tylodelphylus) xenopodis Southwell and Kirshner, a strigeatoid metacercaria from the pericardial cavity of the African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis, is described and its systematic position discussed. The parasite has both a high incidence and intensity of infection in host samples from the Cape: 60% of 410 X. laevis examined carried D.(T) xenopodis and 26% of infected hosts harboured 100 worms or more. Parasite longevity in excess of 3 1/2 years was recorded in laboratory maintained toads and the effects of experimentation on the host are considered particularly in relation to parasite survival and pathogcnicity. Attempted maturation of the metacercariae in Anas and Larus species was unsuccessful; aspects of the biology of transmission of the parasite in the natural habitat are discussed.
Philometra kobuleji sp. n. (Nematoda: Philometridae)
Authors: Molnar Kalman , Fernando C. H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPhilometra kobuleji (Nematoda: Philometridae) is described as a new species from the abdominal cavity of a North American freshwater fish, Catostomits commersoni.During a parasitological survey on stream fishes of Southern Ontario, males and females of a Philometra species were collected from white suckers, Catostomus commersoni (Laédpéde). This parasite differs from all known Philometra species recorded by Hoffman (1967) in North America.
Effect of Water Depth on the Infection of Biomphalaria glabrata by Miracidia of St. Lucian Schistosoma mansoni under Laboratory and Field Conditions
Authors: Upatham Edward Suchart 
Published: June 2009

1. Laboratory and field trials were carried out to investigate the influence of depth on the infection of B. glabrata by St. Lucian S. mansoni miracidia.2. In both laboratory and field experiments, miracidia located and infected snails to a depth of 122 cm.3. The degree of infection seems to be related to the size of a habitat and its water volume.4. Infection rates were high at the miracidial point of entry where miracidium-snail interaction was maximum and at the water surface where miracidia eventually congregated.
Clinico-pathological studies on naturally-occurring bovine fascioliasis in the Sudan
Authors: Haroun E. M. , Hussein M. F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn investigation was made of the pathological, haematological and biochemical aspects of naturallyoccurring bovine fascioliasis in the Sudan. 228 animals infected withFasdola giganticaand 25 non-infected controls were used in the study.The infected cattle revealed emaciation, typical liver pathology, and, occasionally, lesions in the lung and the pancreas. Analysis of their sera also showed reduced albumin values, increased globulin concentrations and decreased albumin/globulin ratio, in addition to increased arginase activity. The serum iron concentration, on the other hand, was decreased, while the total iron binding capacity increased and the resultant iron saturation values reduced. Haematological findings in the infected animals included reduced erythrocyte counts, decreased haematocrjt values, increased mean corpuscular volumes, eosinophilia and decreased neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocytc counts.
On Some New Nematodes (Habronematinae) from Birds in Hyderabad, India, and the Relationships of the Genus Habronema
Authors: Ali Syed Mehdi 
Published: June 2009

1. The writer has reviewed the literature on the systematics of genera Habronema, Excisa, Cyrnea and Sicarius. The genus Habronema is divided into two subgenera, Habronema and Aviabronema, for the parasites of mammals and birds respectively. A key to the known species of the genus is given.2. Eight new species* of Aviabronema are described ; of these six are reported from birds of prey, one from the green pigeon (Crocopus phoenicopterus) and the other from the grackle (Gracula intermedia).3. A new species of Excisa and another new species of Cyrnea are described ; Sicarius dipterum is reported from India.
Onchocerciasis in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Cheema A. H. , El-Bihari S. , Ashour N. A. , Ali A. S. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTDuring a survey in 1980–81, 125 of 478 (26·2%) camels in Saudi Arabia were found infected with onchoccrciasis. The prevalence rates in local and imported camels were 93/272 (34·2%) and 32/206 (15·5%), respectively. The disease was characterized by hard nodules in the connective tissue around the nuchal ligaments and in the subcutis. The nodules consisted of cavities containing live, degenerate or dead Onchocercafasciata, inflammatory cells, fibrosis and calcification. The microfilariac were concentrated in the skin over the head and neck regions and often caused mild non-suppurativc dermatitis.
Impairment of primary expulsion of Echinostoma revolutum in mice concurrently infected with Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Christensen N. Ø. , Knudsen J. , Fagbemi B. , Nansen P. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe spontaneous expulsion of low-level Echinostoma revolutum infections was markedly impaired in mice harbouring 4-week-old Schistosoma mansoni infections at the time of infection with the echinostome.
The ability oi Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to survive and transmit infective larvae of Brugia pahangi over successive blood meals
Authors: Lindsay S. W. , Denham D. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe mortality of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes increased; (i) immediately following a blood meal containing microfilariae of Brugia pahangi, (ii) when infective larvae began to migrate out of the flight muscles and (iii) when infective larvae were lost from the mosquitoes during a blood meal. When infective mosquitoes took a second blood meal 86–2% of the infective larvae escaped from their bodies. However, only 50–3% escaped when mosquitoes fed through a thin layer of cotton. Infective larvae in the abdomen of the mosquitoes stood the least chance of escaping from the insects. When infective mosquitoes were offered a third blood meal four days later, the proportion of infective larvae in the head and labium had risen from 56–6% in the control group to 660% and 69–4% in the two test groups. At this third feed 54–7% and 75–7% of the infective larvae were lost from mosquitoes with a low and medium pre-feeding worm burden respectively. This suggests that the escape of infective larvae from mosquitoes with only a few worms is less efficient than from mosquitoes with a medium worm burden.
On Fasciola indica n.sp. with Some Observations on F. hepatica and F. gigantica
Authors: Varma A. K. 
Published: June 2009

1. Fasciola indica n. sp. from goats, cattle and buffaloes in Bihar is described and differentiated from F. hepatica and F. gigantica.2. Specimens of Fasciola from Assam (cattle and buffaloes), Rangoon (cattle), Singapore (pig) were examined and identified as F. indica.3. F. hepatica is further differentiated from F. gigantica on the basis of the cuticular armature and the disposition of the intestinal branches.
Spectrophotometric analysis of haemoglobins of some digenetic trematodes and their hosts
Authors: Ashfaq Haider S. , Siddiqi Ather H. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe haemoglobins of six different species of trematodes: Gastrothylax crumenifer, Srivastavaia indica, Gigantocotyle explanatum, Fasciolopsis buski, Gastrodiscoides hominis Isoparorchis hypselobagri and their three different hosts: Bubalus bubalis, Sus scrofa, and Wallago attu were spectrophotometrically investigated, and were found to contain porphyrin IX as the common prosthetic group. Oxyhaemoglobin, carbonmonoxy-haemoglobin and reduced haemoglobin of all 6 species of trematodes and their 3 hosts under study gave similar absorption maxima. Distinct differences were, however, observed in the nature of the spectral curves of cyanmethaemoglobin which exhibit 2 absorption maxima in the β and the α region in the case of al trematodes whereas in the case of similar host haemoglobin derivatives only one single broad peak in the 536–540 nm region was obtained. With respect to pyridine derivatives all the trematode haemoglobins show a sharp peak in the α region and a minor hump in the β region except Gastrothylax crumenifer. All three host pyridine haemoglobin derivatives show only a single broad peak at 570 nm.
On a new nematode Leipernema leiperi n.g., n.sp. (Strongyloididae), parasitic in the pangolin Manis pentadactyla from Hyderabad, India
Authors: Singh Satya Narayan 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTLeipernema leiperi n.g., n.sp. is described from the pangolin Manis pentadactyla in India. Both parasitic and free-living generations have been examined. Features which differentiate the parasite from Strongyloides and Parastrongyloides are described.
Activation in vitro of some biological systems by extracts of adult worms and microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis
Authors: Boreham P.F.L. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTExtracts of Dirofilaria immitis adults and microfilariae cause the dcgranulation of mast cells in rat mesentery when applied in vitro and also cause increased vascular permeability in guinea-pigs and rabbits. Adult worms DUt not microfilariac are able to activate complement in vitro and both stages contain a plasminogen activator. No protcolytic activity or hacmolysins could be detected in cither stage. The possibility that these factors may be important in the pathogencsis of dirofilariasis and in the adverse drug reactions that may follow treatment of microfilaraemic animals with dicthylcarbamazine is discussed.
Infectivity, growth and development of Echinostoma revolution (Trematoda) in the domestic chick
Authors: Fried Bernard 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTInfectivity, growth and development were studied in 23 one-day-old domestic chicks each fed 25 pre-selected metacercarial cysts of Echinostoma revolutum. All chicks were infected at necropsy one to 44 days postexposure with one to 18 flukes/chick. From the 575 cysts fed to chicks, 145 (25%) flukes were recovered from the ileum, caeca, rectum-cloaca and bursa of Fabricius. Length measurements on 113 uncurled flukes fixed in hot alcohol-formalin-acctic acid showed that worms grew slowly to 1.0 mm by day 3, rapidly to 6 mm by day 14, and less rapidly to 9 mm by day 36. Worms became ovigcrous by day 9. As worms aged in the chick, the body length increased relative to the width, the acetabulum shifted more antcriad and the size of the excretory bladder increased.
Immunological Studies on Experimental Infection of Pigs withAscaris suumGoeze, 1782. VI. The Histopathology of the Liver and Lung
Authors: Taffs L. F. 
Published: June 2009

The histopathology of the livers and lungs of pigs after a primary infection with eggs ofA. suumwas compared with the lesions and cellular response found in resistant pigs after reinfection.The author's previously published work on experimental infection of guinea pigs, rabbits and pigs is also discussed and summarized.