bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gepulste DPOAE in Verlaufsmessungen
Authors: Bader Katharina , Zelle Dennis , Gummer Anthony W. , Dalhoff Ernst 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bisher gibt es keinen Konsens darüber, wie Ototoxizität in Verlaufsmessungen standardisiert zu erfassen ist. Für die Diagnostik von Schädigungen des cochleären Verstärkers sind Messverfahren notwendig, die eine möglichst hohe Test-Retest-Zuverlässigkeit und eine hohe Aussagekraft hinsichtlich persistierender Schädigungen aufweisen. Hörschwellenschätzungen auf der Grundlage von Kurzpuls-DPOAE-Pegelkarten („estimated distortion-product thresholds“, LEDPT) berücksichtigen individuell optimale DPOAE-Anregungspegel und erlauben eine zuverlässige quantitative Schätzung des cochleär bedingten Hörverlusts.

Methodik
Hörschwellen wurden mithilfe von LEDPT objektiv geschätzt und mit einer modifizierten Békésy-Tracking-Audiometrie (LTA) subjektiv erfasst. Die Messungen wurden siebenmal innerhalb von drei Monaten bei 14 Frequenzen (f2 = 1–14 kHz) in 20 Ohren (PTA4 (0,5–4 kHz) < 20 dB HL) durchgeführt. Die Rekonstruktion des DPOAE-Wachstumsverhaltens in Abhängigkeit von den Anregungspegeln L1,L2 erfolgte auf der Grundlage von 21 DPOAE-Amplituden und ermöglichte mithilfe einer numerischen Anpassung einer nichtlinearen mathematischen Funktion die Berechnung eines LEDPT für jede Anregungsfrequenz. Für die gleichzeitige kombinierte Betrachtung wurden Verteilungen der Hörschwellen (LTA, LEDPT), der DPOAE-Pegel (LDP) und Kombinationen davon ermittelt.

Ergebnisse
Einzeln betrachtet wiesen LTA und LEDPT jeweils eine Test-Retest-Zuverlässigkeit mit einem Median der absoluten Differenzen (AD) von 3,2 dB bzw. 3,3 dB auf, der sich durch Anwendung eines kombinierten Analyseparadigmas aus LEDPT, LDP und LTA auf 2,0 dB signifikant reduzieren ließ.

Schlussfolgerung
Es ist zu erwarten, dass ein auf einer Kombination von LEDPT, überschwelligen LDP, und feinstrukturreduzierter LTA basierendes Analyseparadigma eine höhere Güte (Sensitivität und Spezifität) des Tests erzielt, um pathologische oder auch regenerative Veränderungen der äußeren Haarsinneszellen zuverlässig zu detektieren.
Generative design of conformal cooling channels for hybrid-manufactured injection moulding tools
Authors: Wilson Neil , Gupta Manhar , Patel Milan , Mazur Maciej , Nguyen Vu , Gulizia Stefan , Cole Ivan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEffective cooling systems for injection moulding (IM) tools are critical to reducing manufacturing costs and cycle time for the polymer parts produced. This work presents a novel automated methodology for designing conformal cooling channels (CCCs) for IM tools via interlinking commercial moulding simulation tools with custom scripts. These scripts adjust CCC design in response to the spatial variability in global and local temperatures at the mould tool-part interface (MTPI) via generative design (GD). Four tool designs for manufacturing a simplified part were analysed numerically simulation and experimentally, including tools with either straight-drilled (non-conformal) cooling channels (tool steel), a manually designed CCC system (stainless steel or bronze alloy), or an automatically designed CCC system (stainless steel). While both manually designed CCC tools cool the part faster than the non-conformal tool (3–5% predicted vs. 40% measured for stainless steel and 9–12% predicted vs. 40% measured for bronze alloy), the GD-optimised CCC tool outperformed both (15–30% predicted faster cooling vs. 70% measured). The predicted MTPI temperature feature achieves reductions to both maximum and spatial variability in MTPI temperatures, which lead directly to significant reductions in manufacturing cycle time and polymer part warpage. These findings could have a major impact on the IM industry by reducing tool design costs and raw material waste via improving moulded part quality.
Measuring 1-mm-accurate local survey ties over kilometer baselines at McDonald Geodetic Observatory
Authors: Rivera Jullian , Bettadpur Srinivas , Griffin John , Kang Zhigui , Ries John 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe goal for the next generation of terrestrial reference frames (TRF) is to achieve a 1-mm- and 0.1-mm/yr-accurate frame realization through the combination of reference station solutions by multi-technique geodetic observatories. A potentially significant source of error in TRF realizations is the inter-system ties between the instruments at multi-technique stations, usually independently determined through ground-based local surveying. The quality of local tie surveys is varied and inconsistent, largely due to differences in measurement techniques, surveying instruments, site conditions/geometries, and processing methods. The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) has tried to address these problems by issuing guidelines for the construction and layout of future multi-technique observatories, promoting uniformity and quality while minimizing existing problems with local surveying that are exacerbated over longer baseline distances. However, not every observatory is going to be able to completely satisfy these guidelines, and in this work, a successful endeavor to satisfy the accuracy goals while exceeding the GGOS baseline guideline is detailed for the McDonald Geodetic Observatory (MGO) in the Davis Mountains of Texas, USA. MGO consists of a VLBI Geodetic Observing System (VGOS), infrastructure in place for a Space Geodesy Satellite Laser Ranging (SGSLR) telescope, and several Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) stations spanning a 900 m baseline and a 120 m elevation change. The results of the local ties between the GNSS stations across the near-kilometer baseline, as measured from their antenna reference points, show sub-mm precision and 1 mm accuracy validated through repeatability across several surveys conducted in 2021as well as 1 mm consistency with the monthly averaged daily solutions of the GNSS-based positioning. In this paper, we report these results as well as the framework of the surveys with sufficient detail and rigor in order to give confidence to the quality claims and to present the novel design and techniques employed in the procedure, processing, and error-budget analysis, which were determined through iterative research methods across repeated survey campaigns.
A novel geometric method based on conformal geometric algebra applied to the resection problem in two and three dimensions
Authors: Ventura Jorge , Martinez Fernando , Manzano-Agugliaro Francisco , Návrat Aleš , Hrdina Jaroslav , Eid Ahmad H. , Montoya Francisco G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel method for solving the resection problem in two and three dimensions based on conformal geometric algebra (CGA). Advantage is taken because of the characteristics of CGA, which enables the representation of points, lines, planes, and volumes in a unified mathematical framework and offers a more intuitive and geometric understanding of the problem, in contrast to existing purely algebraic methods. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method and to compare its validity with established techniques in the field. Numerical simulations indicate that our vector geometric algebra implementation is faster than the best-known algorithms to date, suggesting that the proposed GA-based methods can provide a more efficient and comprehensible solution to the two- and three-dimensional resection problem, paving the way for further applications and advances in geodesy research. Furthermore, the method’s emphasis on graphical and geometric representation makes it particularly suitable for educational purposes, allowing the reader to grasp the concepts and principles of resection more effectively. The proposed method has potential applications in a wide range of other fields, including surveying, robotics, computer vision, or navigation.
A two-timescale model of plankton–oxygen dynamics predicts formation of oxygen minimum zones and global anoxia
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Pranali , Banerjee Malay , Petrovskii Sergei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDecline of the dissolved oxygen in the ocean is a growing concern, as it may eventually lead to global anoxia, an elevated mortality of marine fauna and even a mass extinction. Deoxygenation of the ocean often results in the formation of oxygen minimum zones (OMZ): large domains where the abundance of oxygen is much lower than that in the surrounding ocean environment. Factors and processes resulting in the OMZ formation remain controversial. We consider a conceptual model of coupled plankton–oxygen dynamics that, apart from the plankton growth and the oxygen production by phytoplankton, also accounts for the difference in the timescales for phyto- and zooplankton (making it a “slow-fast system”) and for the implicit effect of upper trophic levels resulting in density dependent (nonlinear) zooplankton mortality. The model is investigated using a combination of analytical techniques and numerical simulations. The slow-fast system is decomposed into its slow and fast subsystems. The critical manifold of the slow-fast system and its stability is then studied by analyzing the bifurcation structure of the fast subsystem. We obtain the canard cycles of the slow-fast system for a range of parameter values. However, the system does not allow for persistent relaxation oscillations; instead, the blowup of the canard cycle results in plankton extinction and oxygen depletion. For the spatially explicit model, the earlier works in this direction did not take into account the density dependent mortality rate of the zooplankton, and thus could exhibit Turing pattern. However, the inclusion of the density dependent mortality into the system can lead to stationary Turing patterns. The dynamics of the system is then studied near the Turing bifurcation threshold. We further consider the effect of the self-movement of the zooplankton along with the turbulent mixing. We show that an initial non-uniform perturbation can lead to the formation of an OMZ, which then grows in size and spreads over space. For a sufficiently large timescale separation, the spread of the OMZ can result in global anoxia.
eDNA monitoring detects new outbreak wave of corallivorous seastar (Acanthaster cf. solaris) at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Uthicke Sven , Doyle Jason R. , Gomez Cabrera Maria , Patel Frances , McLatchie Madi J. , Doll Peter C. , Chandler Josie F. , Pratchett Morgan S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCrown-of-thorns seastar (CoTS, Acanthaster cf. solaris) outbreaks remain a significant cause of coral loss on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and across the West-Pacific Ocean. Previous outbreaks on the GBR have only been discovered once fully established, which constrains opportunities for effective control. Early detection of outbreaks would provide an important opportunity for early intervention and increase understanding of outbreak cause(s). Here, we assess the utility of environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring to detect the initiation of a population outbreak at Lizard Island over five years (2019–2023), compared with density estimates obtained using Scooter-Assisted Large Area Diver-based (SALAD) surveys. At each of the five eDNA sampling sites, 30 replicate samples were collected annually and analysed with CoTS-specific primer sets and digital droplet PCR. Both methods detected distinct increases in CoTS densities from 2020/21 onwards, indicating the start of a new population outbreak. A large part of the observed variation in eDNA (expressed as the percentage of positive samples) was explained by changes in recorded CoTS density, confirming that eDNA data provide a quantitative estimate for adult CoTS abundance. SALAD surveys and eDNA are new and complementary monitoring methods that facilitate early detection of CoTS outbreaks, which will enable more effective management intervention.
Background-oriented schlieren and laser Rayleigh scattering complementary method for accurate density field visualization
Authors: Iwamoto Masaaki , Miki Yuma , Kinefuchi Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGas flow visualization is an essential technique for understanding the gas flow characteristics. Various quantitative distribution measurement methods have been proposed, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, the background-oriented schlieren method provides the quantitative density distribution for wide areas with a simple optical setup, but it disadvantageously requires the appropriate boundary conditions need to be set when integrating the Poisson equation. The laser Rayleigh scattering method also provides quantitative density distribution, but it requires a high-power laser for wide-area measurements because laser intensity directly influences measurement accuracy. This study proposes a method that complements the weak points of the above two methods. First, a wide area is measured using the background-oriented schlieren method, and then, the laser Rayleigh scattering method is applied only for the boundary region to obtain the boundary condition. For a heated turbulent air jet with Reynolds number 3000, the results of the proposed method are compared with the numerical analysis and thermocouple temperature measurements. The results well match, indicating the applicability and usefulness of the proposed method. Furthermore, these results contribute to demonstrating the significance of boundary conditions in the background-oriented schlieren method and the establishment of setting guidelines.
Neuropathological findings in Down syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease and control patients with and without SARS-COV-2: preliminary findings
Authors: Granholm Ann-Charlotte E. , Englund Elisabet , Gilmore Anah , Head Elizabeth , Yong William H. , Perez Sylvia E. , Guzman Samuel J. , Hamlett Eric D. , Mufson Elliott J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 virus that led to COVID-19 is associated with significant and long-lasting neurologic symptoms in many patients, with an increased mortality risk for people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and/or Down syndrome (DS). However, few studies have evaluated the neuropathological and inflammatory sequelae in postmortem brain tissue obtained from AD and people with DS with severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. We examined tau, beta-amyloid (Aβ), inflammatory markers and SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in DS, AD, and healthy non-demented controls with COVID-19 and compared with non-infected brain tissue from each disease group (total n = 24). A nested ANOVA was used to determine regional effects of the COVID-19 infection on arborization of astrocytes (Sholl analysis) and percent-stained area of Iba-1 and TMEM 119. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies labeled neurons and glial cells in the frontal cortex of all subjects with COVID-19, and in the hippocampus of two of the three DS COVID-19 cases. SARS-CoV-2-related alterations were observed in peri-vascular astrocytes and microglial cells in the gray matter of the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and para-hippocampal gyrus. Bright field microscopy revealed scattered intracellular and diffuse extracellular Aβ deposits in the hippocampus of controls with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. Overall, the present preliminary findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infections induce abnormal inflammatory responses in Down syndrome.
Motion preservation for open book injuries of the pubic symphysis –a biomechanical cadaver study
Authors: Cavalcanti Kußmaul Adrian , Baur Nele , Wulf Jan , Greiner Axel , Neudeck Rouven , Kistler Manuel , Neuerburg Carl , Böcker Wolfgang , Becker Christopher A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Open book injuries are challenging injuries that oftentimes require surgical treatment. Currently, treatment is performed with symphyseal plating requiring extensive surgery and entirely limiting physiological movement of the symphyseal joint, frequently resulting in implant failure. Therefore, we investigated the biomechanical properties of a minimally invasive tape suture construct (modified SpeedBridge™) as an alternative stabilization technique for the treatment of open book injuries in human cadaver pelvic rings.

Materials and Methods
The symphysis of 9 human cadaver pelvises was dissected and dilated to 3 cm creating an open book injury. Next, the two osteosynthesis methods (plating, modified SpeedBridge™) were applied. All specimens then underwent cyclic horizontal and vertical loading, simulating biomechanical forces while sitting, standing and walking. For statistical analysis, 3D dislocation (mm) was calculated.

Results
Total displacement (mm) of the pubic symphysis displayed the following means and standard deviations: native group 1.34 ± 0.62 mm, open book group 3.01 ± 1.26 mm, tape group 1.94 ± 0.59 mm and plate group 1.37 ± 0.41 mm. Comparison between native and open book (p = 0.029), open book and plate (p = 0.004), open book and tape (p = 0.031), as well as tape and plate group (p = 0.002) showed significant differences. No significant differences were found when comparing the native and tape (p = 0.059), as well as the native and plate (p = 0.999) group.

Conclusion
While both osteosynthesis techniques sufficiently stabilized the injury, symphyseal plating displayed the highest rigidity. The modified SpeedBridge™ as a tape suture construct provided statistically sufficient biomechanical stability while maintaining symphyseal micro mobility, consequently allowing ligamental healing of the injured joint without iatrogenic arthrodesis.
Nomograms based on ratio indexes to predict severity and prognosis in immune checkpoint inhibitors-related myocarditis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Li Zhenli , Yao Tiezhu , Liu Guang , Guan Zhengkun , Liu Jing , Guo Ling , Ma Jingtao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Immune checkpoint inhibitors-related myocarditis (ICI-M) is one of the immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which is rare and highly lethal. This study aimed to establish nomograms based on ratio biomarkers to predict the severity and prognosis of ICI-M.

Methods
We retrospectively examined patients with advanced cancers who were also diagnosed with ICI-M at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University. The patients of ICI-M were divided into mild and severe groups and a 40-day following up was carried out. The major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs) were regarded as the endpoint. Nomogram-based models were established and validated.

Results
Seventy-seven patients were involved, including 31 severe cases(40.3%). Lactate dehydrogenase-to-albumin ratio(LAR) combined with the change rate from baseline to onset of LAR(

$$\triangle$$

▵

LAR) which performed best to diagnose the severe ICI-M was identified to establish the nomogram-based model. The bootstrap-corrected concordance index [0.752 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.635

$$-$$

-

0.866] and calibration plot with good degree of fitting confirmed this diagnostic model. Neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(NHR) and LAR were also screened into the nomogram-based model for 40-day MACEs after ICI-M, which performed well by validating for concordance index(0.779 95% CI: 0.677

$$-$$

-

0.865)and calibration plots after being bootstrap-corrected. Moreover, a

$$\ge$$

≥

101% increase in LAR significantly separated patients in MACE-free survival.

Conclusion
Ratio indexes at onset and their change rates from baseline showed good diagnostic value for the severity of ICI-M and prognostic value for subsequent MACEs, particularly LAR, NHR and their change rates. The nomogram-based models of ratio indexes could provide a potential choice for early detection and monitor of the severe ICI-M and subsequent MACEs.

Graphical abstract
Thermal bioclimate in Greece based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and insights into 2021 and 2023 heatwaves
Authors: Pantavou Katerina , Kotroni Vassiliki , Kyros George , Lagouvardos Konstantinos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe research on the thermal bioclimate is increasingly valuable in the context of climate change. Human well-being is threatened not only from direct exposure to extreme thermal conditions and complications from underlying health issues but also from disruptions of health and social services. This study aims at examining the thermal bioclimate in Greece. Data of ERA5-Land reanalysis dataset were used to estimate the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI, in °C). The analysis covered a 30-year period (1991–2020) examining UTCI climatology and trends. Additionally, the intensity of two recent heatwaves which occurred in summers 2021 and 2023 was assessed. During the period 1991–2020, the UTCI equivalent temperature ranges between -49.8 °C and 51.9 °C [mean ± standard deviation (sd) = 13.3 ± 12.2 °C] classifying thermal stress from ‘extreme cold stress’ to ‘extreme heat stress’. Across the country, the mean UTCI ranges from 7.5 °C to 17.8 °C (mean ± sd = 13.3 ± 2.1 °C), with a decrease of 0.5 °C per latitude degree. Mountainous regions exhibit the lowest UTCI equivalent temperatures, while inland plains display higher UTCI equivalent temperatures, especially in the eastern regions of the country. An increasing trend in mean annual UTCI (mean = 0.05 °C/year) is identified, more pronounced in higher latitude regions. Both the 2021 and 2023 heatwaves were exceptionally severe, with about 99% of the population to experience mean UTCI equivalent temperatures falling within stress categories of ‘moderate heat stress’ and above. The 2023 heatwave set a new record with the highest absolute maximum UTCI (52.1 °C) and number of heat stress hours compared to the period 1991–2020. The bioclimatic maps developed in this study analyze the spatial variability in the thermal conditions across Greece identifying high-risk areas. These findings can contribute to impact studies for tourism, energy efficiency, urban design and public health purposes.
Digital detection of play characters’ relationships in Shakespeare’s plays: extended cross-correlation analysis of the character appearance frequencies
Authors: Yamada Miyuki , Murai Yuichi , Kumagai Ichiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe propose a method for visualizing literary works that quantitatively extracts the mutual relationships among play characters from the narrative of a storyline. The method first determines the cross-correlation of the appearance frequencies in the time domain between two play characters, which is calculated for all pairs of characters in each narrative. We also calculate the correlation among three play characters to find unique triangular relationships. Then we create a graphical representation of the relationships using node-link representations based on a physical potential model. The method is suitable for dramas, as demonstrated for ten famous Shakespeare plays. The resulting visualizations show good agreement with the conventional understanding of each play and also provide new insight into Shakespearean criticism.
Phylogenomic analyses of multidrug resistant Corynebacterium striatum strains isolated from patients in a tertiary care hospital in the UK
Authors: Sangal Vartul , Marrs Emma C. L. , Nelson Andrew , Perry John D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCorynebacterium striatum is an emerging nosocomial pathogen. This is the first report showing the presence of three distinct multidrug resistant lineages of C. striatum among patients in a UK hospital. The presence of ErmX, Tet(W), Bla and AmpC proteins, and mutations in gyrA gene are associated with the resistance to clindamycin, doxycycline, penicillin and moxifloxacin, respectively. These strains are equipped with several corynebacterial virulence genes including two SpaDEF-type and a novel pilus gene cluster, which needs further molecular characterisation. This study highlights a need of developing an active surveillance strategy for routine monitoring and preventing potential cross-transmission among susceptible patients.