bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystalline and amorphous models of highly damaged Fe
Authors: Ojha Madhusudan , Nicholson D.M. , Radhakrishnan Bala. , Stoller R. E. , Egami Takeshi 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe structure of irradiated material near a primary knock on atom shortly after impact is largely unknown. Molecular dynamics simulations with classical force fields provide the foundation for our current understanding of the resulting cascade. Atomic level structural characterization is often in terms defects within the context of a perfect bulk, however, the choice of the best representation is complicated because the density of defects is high, the material is inhomogeneous and it is not in equilibrium. Here we explore the adaptation of tools typically employed to characterize homogeneous equilibrium liquids to the highly defected region of the cascade. The cascade structure shows some resemblance to that of the liquid or glass phase. The local temperature temporarily exceeds the melting temperature and the free energies of the liquid and defected crystal are comparable. Analysis of cascade structure will be important to the interpretation of first principles calculations of the electronic and magnetic states in cascade structures.
Direct Measurement of Inhomogeneous Longitudinal Dopant Distribution in SiNWs Using Nano-Probe Scanning Auger Microscopy.
Authors: Givan U. , Hyun J. K. , Koren E. , Hammond J. S. , Paul D. F. , Lauhon L. J. , Rosenwaks Y. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTControlled incorporation of dopants into semiconductors nanowires is a critical step in tailoring their physical properties and hence for their utilization in future nano electronic devices. Recently, several studies addressing this issue revealed that dopant are inhomogeneously distributed in NWs grown by the popular CVD-VLS growth technique. The majority of those studies employed indirect characterization techniques which are sensitive to the active dopants only. In order to deepen our understanding of the incorporation mechanism a direct observation of the dopant chemical concentrations is required. In addition, the comparison between direct and indirect observations can shed some light on the dopant activation mechanisms in VLS grown NWs. In this study nanoprobe scanning Auger microscopy was employed to extract the longitudinal dopant distribution along P doped SiNWs. The effect of growth conditions and post-growth annealing on this distribution was studied and compared to previous studies which used indirect measurement techniques. In addition, dopant modulated segmented NWs were studied in order to distinguish the contribution of different mechanisms to the incorporation of dopants into VLS grown NWs.
Laser direct writing of graphene patterns
Authors: Park J.B. , Xiong W. , Xie Z.Q. , Mitchell M. , Gao Y. , Qian M. , Lu Y.F. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTRapid growth of single-layer graphene using laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) with a visible CW laser (λ = 532 nm) irradiation at room temperature was investigated. In this study, an optically-pumped solid-state laser with a wavelength of 532 nm irradiates a thin nickel foil to induce a local temperature rise, thereby allowing the direct writing of graphene patterns about ~10 μm in width with high growth rate on precisely controlled positions. It is demonstrated that the fabrication of graphene patterns can be achieved with a single scan for each graphene pattern using LCVD with no annealing or preprocessing of the substrate. The scan speed reaches to about ~50 um/s, which indicates that the graphene pattern with 1:1 aspect ratio (x:y) can be grown in 0.2 sec. The patterned graphene on nickel was transferred to SiO2/Si substrate for fabrication of electrical circuits and sensor devices.
La mobilité comme accessibilité, dispositions et épreuve : trois paradigmes expliquant le caractère éprouvant des déplacements à Paris
Authors: Oppenchaim Nicolas 
Published: September 2011

L’objectif de cet article est d’appréhender le caractère éprouvant des mobilités quotidiennes pour les adolescents de Zones Urbaines Sensibles (ZUS) franciliennes. Nous mobilisons des matériaux statistiques, ethnographiques et des entretiens semi-directifs afin de tester la complémentarité de trois paradigmes de la mobilité. Dans celui de l’accessibilité, la mobilité est considérée comme une action rationnelle déterminée par les capacités d’organisation de l’individu et les contraintes qui pèsent sur lui. Le paradigme des dispositions considère la mobilité comme une pratique influencée par la socialisation des individus. Enfin, le paradigme de l’épreuve s’intéresse aux situations d’interaction qui se produisent durant les déplacements. La complémentarité de ces approches permet de comprendre la diversité des expériences éprouvantes des adolescents de ZUS : difficulté de certaines filles à se déplacer en raison des contraintes qui pèsent sur elles ; peur de l’anonymat et des déplacements en transports en commun pour les « encadrés » ; interactions conflictuelles avec les autres citadins pour les adolescents du quartier.
In Situ Spectroscopic Analysis of Sub‐Second Switching Polymer Electrochromes
Authors: Liu David Y. , Chilton Andrew D. , Shi Pengjie , Craig Michael R. , Miles Steven D. , Dyer Aubrey L. , Ballarotto Vincent W. , Reynolds John R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAs electrochromic polymers can switch with a high transmittance contrast in the sub‐second time frame, an analytical tool to rapidly probe the electrochemically‐induced optical transition is required for characterization of these materials for electronic displays and smart windows. A novel technique is described to synchronize the electrochemical and optical measurements by utilizing an external trigger to facilitate coordinated communication between the potentiostat, which applies a voltage to the electrode supported electrochromic polymers, and the optical spectrometer that records the induced optical transitions. By using a spectrometer containing a photodiode array detector, these measurements are capable of rapid data acquisition to track the electrochromic change in the polymer films, with as many as 500 spectra captured during a one‐second switch of the polymer from a colored, neutral to highly transmissive state. Additionally, with this rapid, full‐spectral measurement, it is possible to trace the temporal evolution of the electrochromic change to determine the presence of intermediate color tones, as well as their duration. Here, three polymers are shown, ECP‐Magenta, ECP‐Green, and ECP‐Black, which obtain high transmittance contrast between 40 to 50 Δ%T, with sub‐second switching times measured in the range of 400 to 700 ms, demonstrating their potential for use in electrochromic windows and displays where rapid transitions are desired.
Next‐to‐next‐to‐leading order post‐Newtonian spin(1)‐spin(2) Hamiltonian for self‐gravitating binaries
Authors: Hartung J. , Steinhoff J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe present the next‐to‐next‐to‐leading order post‐Newtonian (PN) spin(1)‐spin(2) Hamiltonian for two self‐gravitating spinning compact objects. If both objects are rapidly rotating, then the corresponding interaction is comparable in strength to a 4PN effect. The Hamiltonian is checked via the global Poincaré algebra with the center‐of‐mass vector uniquely determined by an ansatz.
Bioactivity of immobilized hyaluronic acid derivatives regarding protein adsorption and cell adhesion
Authors: Köwitsch Alexander , Yang Yuan , Ma Ning , Kuntsche Judith , Mäder Karsten , Groth Thomas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA) was chemically modified either by oxidation to obtain aldehyde‐HA (aHA) or 3,3′‐dithiobis(propanoic hydrazide) to obtain thiol‐HA (tHA) that was covalently immobilized on model substrata such as amino‐terminated surfaces or gold. Knowledge about the effect of modification with HA on physicochemical surface properties of these substrata and estimates of the quantities of immobilized HA were obtained by different physical methods such as contact angle measurements, ellipsometry, and atomic force microscopy. The bioactivity of aHA and tHA toward their natural binding partner aggrecan was studied by comparing surface plasmon resonance to native HA; this shows that binding of aggrecan was achieved in a similar way. Dermal human fibroblasts were used as a model cell to study how chemical modification and immobilization of HA impact adhesion and spreading of cells, which also affects cell growth and differentiation. A lower number and spreading of cells were observed on HA‐modified surfaces compared to amino‐ and vinyl‐terminated glass and silicon surfaces. Immunofluorescence microscopy also revealed that adhesion of fibroblast plated on HA‐modified surfaces was mediated primarily by HA receptor CD44, indicating that bioactivity of HA was not significantly reduced by chemical modification.
Polymeric membranes for guided bone regeneration
Authors: Gentile Piergiorgio , Chiono Valeria , Tonda‐Turo Chiara , Ferreira Ana M. , Ciardelli Gianluca 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this review, different barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR) are described as a useful surgical technique to enhance bone regeneration in damaged alveolar sites before performing implants and fitting other dental appliances. The GBR procedure encourages bone regeneration through cellular exclusion and avoids the invasion of epithelial and connective tissues that grow at the defective site instead of bone tissue. The barrier membrane should satisfy various properties, such as biocompatibility, non‐immunogenicity, non‐toxicity, and a degradation rate that is long enough to permit mechanical support during bone formation. Other characteristics such as tissue integration, nutrient transfer, space maintenance and manageability are also of interest. In this review, various non‐resorbable and resorbable commercially available membranes are described, based on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid) and their copolymers. The polyester‐based membranes are biodegradable, permit a single‐stage procedure, and have higher manageability than non‐resorbable membranes; however, they have shown poor biocompatibility. In contrast, membranes based on natural materials, such as collagen, are biocompatible but are characterized by poor mechanical properties and stability due to their early degradation. Moreover, new approaches are described, such as the use of multi‐layered, graft‐copolymer‐based and composite membranes containing osteoconductive ceramic fillers as alternatives to conventional membranes.
Predicting the need for palliative thoracic radiation after first‐line chemotherapy for advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Higginson Daniel S. , Chen Ronald C. , Morris David E. , Halle Jan , Rosenman Julian G. , Socinski Mark A. , Marks Lawrence B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this secondary analysis was to identify patients with selected stage IIIB/IV nonsmall cell lung carcinoma and good performance status who were at high risk for requiring subsequent palliative thoracic radiotherapy after initial treatment with first‐line chemotherapy.METHODS:The authors conducted a pooled analysis of patients at a single institution who enrolled onto 10 prospective phase 2 and 3 clinical trials that involved first‐line, platinum‐based chemotherapy. Baseline lung‐related characteristics before trial enrollment were analyzed as possible prognostic factors for freedom from pulmonary events (defined either as subsequent thoracic radiation or as a new collapsed lung, which is an indication for thoracic radiation).RESULTS:Of 244 consecutive patients who were reviewed, 42 patients received a palliative course of thoracic radiation, 40 exhibited evidence of new lobar collapse on follow‐up chest imaging, and 14 received thoracic radiation for lobar collapse. On univariable analysis, pulmonary symptoms (P = .043) or pneumonia at presentation (P = .0001), increasing size of hilar disease (P < .0001), and evidence of obstruction of major bronchi or vessels (P = .0003) were associated with subsequent pulmonary events. On multivariable analysis, hilar disease measuring >3 cm (hazard ratio, 1.8; P = .003) and prechemotherapy pneumonia (hazard ratio, 2.1; P = .009) were associated with pulmonary events; patients who had both risk factors or hilar disease >5 cm in greatest dimension exhibited a >50% risk of subsequent events.CONCLUSIONS:Patients with bulky hilar disease and a history of pneumonia at presentation were at high risk for requiring palliative thoracic radiation. The authors propose studying these patients to determine whether early thoracic radiation may be beneficial by preserving quality of life and performance status. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Association between tamoxifen treatment and diabetes
Authors: Lipscombe Lorraine L. , Fischer Hadas D. , Yun Lingsong , Gruneir Andrea , Austin Peter , Paszat Lawrence , Anderson Geoff M. , Rochon Paula A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:There is increasing evidence linking breast cancer and diabetes; however, few studies have explored the association between cancer treatments and risk of diabetes. Tamoxifen may increase diabetes incidence through its estrogen‐inhibiting effects. This study assessed whether tamoxifen treatment in older breast cancer survivors is associated with an increased risk of diabetes.METHODS:This nested case‐control study used population‐based health databases in Ontario, Canada to identify women older than 65 years with early stage breast cancer between April 1, 1996 and March 31, 2006. Cases were defined as cohort members diagnosed with diabetes during follow‐up (March 31, 2008), and each case was age‐matched with up to 5 controls who did not develop diabetes. After adjusting for other risk factors, the authors compared the likelihood of diabetes between current tamoxifen users and tamoxifen nonusers, based on prescriptions at diabetes diagnosis. They also compared diabetes risk in current aromatase inhibitor users versus nonusers.RESULTS:Of 14,360 breast cancer survivors identified, mean age 74.9 years, 1445 (10%) developed diabetes over a mean follow‐up of 5.2 years. Current tamoxifen therapy was associated with a significantly higher risk of diabetes compared with no tamoxifen therapy (adjusted odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.08‐1.42; P = .002). There was no association between aromatase inhibitor therapy and diabetes.CONCLUSIONS:Current tamoxifen therapy is associated with an increased incidence of diabetes in older breast cancer survivors. These findings suggest that tamoxifen treatment may exacerbate an underlying risk of diabetes in susceptible women; further studies are needed to better explore this association. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Differential expression of Brn3 transcription factors in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in mouse
Authors: Jain Varsha , Ravindran Ethiraj , Dhingra Narender K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSeveral subtypes of melanopsin‐expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) have been reported. The M1 type of ipRGCs exhibit distinct properties compared with the remaining (non‐M1) cells. They differ not only in their soma size and dendritic arbor, but also in their physiological properties, projection patterns, and functions. However, it is not known how these differences arise. We tested the hypothesis that M1 and non‐M1 cells express Brn3 transcription factors differentially. The Brn3 family of class IV POU‐domain transcription factors (Brn3a, Brn3b, and Brn3c) is involved in the regulation of differentiation, dendritic stratification, and axonal projection of retinal ganglion cells during development. By using double immunofluorescence for Brn3 transcription factors and melanopsin, and with elaborate morphometric analyses, we show in mouse retina that neither Brn3a nor Brn3c are expressed in ipRGCs. However, Brn3b is expressed in a subset of ipRGCs, particularly those with larger somas and lower melanopsin levels, suggesting that Brn3b is expressed preferentially in the non‐M1 cells. By using dendritic stratification to distinguish M1 from non‐M1 cells, we found that whereas nearly all non‐M1 cells expressed Brn3b, a vast majority of the M1 cells were negative for Brn3b. Interestingly, in the small proportion of the M1 cells that did express Brn3b, the expression level of Brn3b was significantly lower than in the non‐M1 cells. These results provide insights about how expression of specific molecules in a ganglion cell could be linked to its role in visual function. J. Comp. Neurol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pre‐Bötzinger complex receives glutamatergic innervation from galaninergic and other retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons
Authors: Bochorishvili Genrieta , Stornetta Ruth L. , Coates Melissa B. , Guyenet Patrice G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) contains CO2‐responsive neurons that regulate breathing frequency and amplitude. These neurons (RTN‐Phox2b neurons) contain the transcription factor Phox2b, vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) mRNA, and a subset contains preprogalanin mRNA. We wished to determine whether the terminals of RTN‐Phox2b neurons contain galanin and VGLUT2 proteins, to identify the specific projections of the galaninergic subset, to test whether RTN‐Phox2b neurons contact neurons in the pre‐Bötzinger complex, and to identify the ultrastructure of these synapses. The axonal projections of RTN‐Phox2b neurons were traced by using biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), and many BDA‐ir boutons were found to contain galanin immunoreactivity. RTN galaninergic neurons had ipsilateral projections that were identical with those of this nucleus at large: the ventral respiratory column, the caudolateral nucleus of the solitary tract, and the pontine Kölliker‐Fuse, intertrigeminal region, and lateral parabrachial nucleus. For ultrastructural studies, RTN‐Phox2b neurons (galaninergic and others) were transfected with a lentiviral vector that expresses mCherry almost exclusively in Phox2b‐ir neurons. After spinal cord injections of a catecholamine neuron‐selective toxin, there was a depletion of C1 neurons in the RTN area; thus it was determined that the mCherry‐positive terminals located in the pre‐Bötzinger complex originated almost exclusively from the RTN‐Phox2b (non‐C1) neurons. These terminals were generally VGLUT2‐immunoreactive and formed numerous close appositions with neurokinin‐1 receptor‐ir pre‐Bötzinger complex neurons. Their boutons (n = 48) formed asymmetric synapses filled with small clear vesicles. In summary, RTN‐Phox2b neurons, including the galaninergic subset, selectively innervate the respiratory pattern generator plus a portion of the dorsolateral pons. RTN‐Phox2b neurons establish classic excitatory glutamatergic synapses with pre‐Bötzinger complex neurons presumed to generate the respiratory rhythm. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1047–1061, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in geriatric patients admitted to skilled nursing facilities in nursing homes for rehabilitation after stroke: a longitudinal multicenter study
Authors: Buijck Bianca I , Zuidema Sytse U , Spruit‐van Eijk Monica , Geurts Alexander CH , Koopmans Raymond TCM 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and course of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in geriatric patients admitted to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) for rehabilitation after stroke.MethodsThis was a longitudinal multicenter study within 15 SNFs in the Netherlands. NPS were assessed in 145 patients with stroke through the Neuropsychiatric Inventory–Nursing Home version (NPI‐NH) with measurements on admission and at discharge. The prevalence and course of NPS were described in terms of cumulative prevalence (symptoms either on admission or at discharge), conversion (only symptoms at discharge), remission (only symptoms on admission), and persistence (symptoms both on admission and at discharge) for patients who were discharged to an independent living situation within one year after admission and patients who had to stay in the SNF for long term care.ResultsEighty percent had a first‐ever stroke and 74% could be successfully discharged. Overall, the most common NPS were depression (33%), eating changes (18%), night‐time disturbances (19%), anxiety (15%), irritability (12%), and disinhibition (12%). One year after admission, the patients who were still in the SNF showed significantly more hallucinations (p = 0.016), delusions (p = 0.016), agitation (p = 0.004), depression (p = 0.000), disinhibition (p = 0.004), irritability (p = 0.018), and night‐time disturbances (p = 0.001) than those who had been discharged.DiscussionThe overall prevalence of NPS in this study was lower than reported by other studies in different settings. There was a high prevalence of NPS in patients that could not be successfully discharged.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that NPS should be optimally treated to improve outcome of rehabilitation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functionally distinct regions for spatial processing and sensory motor integration in the planum temporale
Authors: Isenberg A. Lisette , Vaden Kenneth I. , Saberi Kourosh , Muftuler L. Tugan , Hickok Gregory 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThere has been much debate recently over the functional role played by the planum temporale (PT) within the context of the dorsal auditory processing stream. Some studies indicate that regions in the PT support spatial hearing and other auditory functions, whereas others demonstrate sensory‐motor response properties. This multifunctionality has led to the claim that the PT is performing a common computational pattern matching operation, then routing the signals (spatial, object, sensory‐motor) into an appropriate processing stream. An alternative possibility is that the PT is functionally subdivided with separate regions supporting various functions. We assess this possibility using a within subject fMRI block design. DTI data were also collected to examine connectivity. There were four auditory conditions: stationary noise, moving noise, listening to pseudowords, and shadowing pseudowords (covert repetition). Contrasting the shadow and listen conditions should activate regions specific to sensory‐motor processes, while contrasting the stationary and moving noise conditions should activate regions involved in spatial hearing. Subjects (N= 16) showed greater activation for shadowing in left posterior PT, area Spt, when the shadow and listen conditions were contrasted. The motion vs. stationary noise contrast revealed greater activation in a more medial and anterior portion of left PT. Seeds from these two contrasts were then used to guide the DTI analysis in an examination of connectivity via streamline tractography, which revealed different patterns of connectivity. Findings support a heterogeneous model of the PT, with functionally distinct regions for sensory‐motor integration and processes involved in auditory spatial perception. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2453–2463, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.