bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Livres et bibliothèques des hauts magistrats péruviens du xixe siècle
Authors: Quiroz-Pérez Lissell 
Published: June 2011

Résumé Les hauts magistrats péruviens du xix e siècle ne sont pas seulement des spécialistes du droit, ils sont plus largement des hommes de savoir qui accordent une haute valeur à l’écrit et notamment au livre. Leurs bibliothèques constituent donc une source précieuse pour tenter de saisir leur culture. À travers l’étude des « librairies » des magistrats, c’est tout un pan de l’histoire culturelle et sociale du Pérou républicain qui nous est dévoilé.
A golden harvest : exploitation et mondialisation des perles du golfe Arabo-Persique (vers 1870-vers 1910)
Authors: Crouzet Guillemette 
Published: June 2011

Résumé La période 1880-1910 constitue un moment clef dans l’histoire du commerce des perles, une sorte « d’âge d’or ». En effet, les perles connaissent alors un processus de mondialisation accéléré qui consacre la suprématie d’une zone perlière unique, alors sous gouvernance britannique : le golfe Arabo-Persique. Deux types de flux marchands, liant le Golfe à d’autres espaces du monde, doivent cependant être soigneusement distingués. Certaines perles étaient réservées au marché « régional », c’est-à-dire au commerce avec la Perse, l’Empire ottoman, la côte ouest de l’Inde ou encore avec d’autres espaces de l’océan Indien, tandis que d’autres types de perles étaient exportées vers Londres, Paris, Hambourg ou New York. Pour répondre à cette demande fortement accrue, c’est donc une sorte de « monoactivité » perlière qui se développa dans le Golfe, employant lors de la longue saison de la pêche qui s’étendait d’avril à novembre, une main-d’œuvre originaire des rives perses et arabes, sous la conduite de riches marchands indiens, très bien implantés dans le Golfe et dans l’océan Indien. Durant une trentaine d’années, face au succès de ces ornements, employés en bijouterie comme dans l’industrie textile, différents types d’acteurs se pressèrent dans le Golfe. Les archives britanniques mentionnent notamment de puissants industriels allemands pour qui cette zone du monde représentait un espace à part, héritier des richesses de l’antique Mésopotamie et que l’Allemagne bismarckienne pouvait conquérir. Ces entrepreneurs allemands cherchèrent à développer des techniques de pêche modernes dans le Golfe afin d’augmenter les récoltes de perles et surtout de concurrencer les Britanniques dans un espace que ces derniers contrôlaient depuis le début du xix e siècle. Face à cette « ruée » vers les perles du Golfe et à ce phénomène de mondialisation, les Britanniques mirent en place une législation complexe. Entre « protectionnisme » et « laisser-faire », les mesures prises à partir de 1890 témoignent d’intérêts fort divergents. Les Britanniques désiraient d’un côté protéger l’économie locale contre l’ingérence étrangère et le risque de concurrence de main-d’œuvre importée du subcontinent indien et favoriser les sociétés britanniques présentes dans le Golfe. De l’autre, demeurant attachés au « laisser-faire » et au libéralisme économique, les Anglais souhaitaient que le Golfe demeure un espace ouvert aux puissances étrangères. C’est donc par une législation maritime unique, définissant des zones de pêche réservées aux populations de la côte de la Trêve que les Anglais maintinrent leur primat politique et économique dans le Golfe.
Lenticular Abnormalities in Children
Authors: Khokhar Sudarshan , Agarwal Tushar , Kumar Gaurav , Kushmesh Rakhi , Tejwani Lalit Kumar 
Published: June 2011

Purpose:
To study the lenticular problems in children presenting at an apex institute.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of records (< 14 years) of new lens clinic cases was done.

Results:
Of 1,047 children, 687 were males. Mean age at presentation was 6.35 ± 4.13 years. Developmental cataract was seen in 45.6% and posttraumatic cataract in 29.7% of patients. Other abnormalities were cataract with retinal detachment, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, subluxated lens, micro/spherophakia, cataract secondary to uveitis, intraocular lens complications, cataract with choroidal coloboma, and visual axis opacification.

Conclusion:
Developmental and posttraumatic cataracts were the most common abnormalities. Delayed presentation is of concern.
Comparison of Intraocular Lens Decentration Parameters After Femtosecond and Manual Capsulotomies
Authors: Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Kránitz Kinga , Takacs Agnes I. , Miháltz Kata , Kovács Illés , Knorz Michael C. 
Published: June 2011

PURPOSE:
To evaluate a laser technique and manual technique to perform capsulorrhexis in cataract eyes.

METHODS:
Anterior capsulotomy was performed with an intraocular femtosecond laser (LenSx Lasers Inc) in 54 eyes (FS group) and manual continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis was performed in 57 eyes (CCC group). Circularity and area of capsulotomy and IOL decentration were measured using Photoshop CS4 Extended (Adobe Systems Inc) 1 week after surgery. Average keratometry, axial length, and preoperative anterior chamber depth were examined with the Lenstar LS 900 (Haag-Streit AG).

RESULTS:

No statistically significant differences were noted between groups in axial length, preoperative refractive state, and in the area of capsulotomy. Circularity values were significantly better in the FS group (
P
=.032). We found incomplete overlap of capsulotomies in 28% of eyes in the CCC group and 11% in the FS group (
P
=.033). Significant correlations were noted between axial length and area of capsulotomy, and between average keratometry and area of the capsulotomy in the CCC group (R=0.278,
P
=.036; and R=−0.29,
P
=.033, respectively), but both did not correlate in the FS group (
P
>.05). In the CCC group, the pupillary area correlated significantly with the area of the capsulotomy (R=0.27,
P
=.039). Significant correlation was noted between IOL decentration and axial length in the CCC group (R=0.30,
P
=.026), but there was no correlation in the FS group (
P
>.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Femtosecond laser capsulorrhexis was more regularly shaped, showed better centration, and showed a better intraocular lens/capsule overlap than manual capsulorrhexis.
Collaborative Work and Interactions in a Closed Discussion Forums. Case of the Tunisian Engineering Students
Authors: Yassine Jelmam 
Published: June 2011

E-Learning uses unconventional and new pedagogies that emanate from its own structure. Structure where teachers and students are not grouped in a classroom and where the virtual "replace" the real. This new mode of teaching includes the need to take into account interactions between different actors in the system and provides the "chat", the "mail" and "discussion forums" as alternatives that could "replace" interactions in a classic classroom. But what is it really? And how to make these tools efficient and guarantying good leanings ?
The empirical research that we will present and which affected 52 students called to set up a working group drawn from a discussion forum that we followed. The results shows that interactions between learners are responsible for sharing , collaboration and co-construction of knowledge.
Neonatal Fc Receptor Blockade by Fc Engineering Ameliorates Arthritis in a Murine Model
Authors: Patel Dipesh A. , Puig-Canto Alberto , Challa Dilip Kumar , Montoyo Héctor Perez , Ober Raimund J. , Ward E. Sally 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Multiple autoimmune diseases are characterized by the involvement of autoreactive Abs in pathogenesis. Problems associated with existing therapeutics such as the delivery of intravenous immunoglobulin have led to interest in developing alternative approaches using recombinant or synthetic methods. Toward this aim, in the current study, we demonstrate that the use of Fc-engineered Abs (Abs that enhance IgG degradation [Abdegs]) to block neonatal FcR (FcRn) through high-affinity, Fc region binding is an effective strategy for the treatment of Ab-mediated disease. Specifically, Abdegs can be used at low, single doses to treat disease in the K/B×N serum transfer model of arthritis using BALB/c mice as recipients. Similar therapeutic effects are induced by 25- to 50-fold higher doses of i.v. Ig. Importantly, we show that FcRn blockade is a primary contributing factor toward the observed reduction in disease severity. The levels of albumin, which is also recycled by FcRn, are not affected by Abdeg delivery. Consequently, Abdegs do not alter FcRn expression levels or subcellular trafficking behavior. The engineering of Ab Fc regions to generate potent FcRn blockers therefore holds promise for the therapy of Ab-mediated autoimmunity.
Clonally Related CD8+ T Cells Responsible for Rapid Population of Both Diffuse Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue and Lung After Respiratory Virus Infection
Authors: Surman Sherri L. , Rudraraju Rajeev , Woodland David L. , Dash Pradyot , Thomas Paul G. , Hurwitz Julia L. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The immune system has evolved to use sophisticated mechanisms to recruit lymphocytes to sites of pathogen exposure. Trafficking pathways are precise. For example, lymphocytes that are primed by gut pathogens can, in some cases, be imprinted with CCR9 membrane receptors, which can influence migration to the small intestine. Currently, little is known about T cell trafficking to the upper respiratory tract or the relationship between effectors that migrate to the diffuse nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (d-NALT), the lower airways, and the lung. To determine whether a T cell primed by Ag from a respiratory pathogen is imprinted for exclusive trafficking to the upper or lower respiratory tract or whether descendents from that cell have the capacity to migrate to both sites, we inoculated mice by the intranasal route with Sendai virus and conducted single-cell–sequencing analyses of CD8+ T lymphocytes responsive to a Kb-restricted immunodominant peptide, FAPGNYPAL (Tet+). Cells from the d-NALT, lung airways (bronchoalveolar lavage), lung, and mediastinal lymph node were examined 10 d postinfection to determine TCR usage and clonal relationships. We discovered that 1) Tet+ cells were heterogeneous but preferentially used TCR elements TRAV6, TRAV16, and TRBD1; 2) both N and C termini of Vα and Vβ TCR junctions frequently encompassed charged residues, perhaps facilitating TCR αβ pairing and interactions with a neutral target peptide; and 3) T cells in the d-NALT were often clonally related to cells in the lower respiratory tract.
Neutrophil Mobilization from the Bone Marrow during Polymicrobial Sepsis Is Dependent on CXCL12 Signaling
Authors: Delano Matthew J. , Kelly-Scumpia Kindra M. , Thayer Terri C. , Winfield Robert D. , Scumpia Philip O. , Cuenca Alex G. , Harrington Phillips B. , O’Malley Kerri A. , Warner Elizabeth , Gabrilovich Sonia , Mathews Clayton E. , Laface Drake , Heyworth Paul G. , Ramphal Reuben , Strieter Robert M. , Moldawer Lyle L. , Efron Philip A. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Neutrophils are essential for successful host eradication of bacterial pathogens and for survival to polymicrobial sepsis. During inflammation, the bone marrow provides a large reserve of neutrophils that are released into the peripheral circulation where they traverse to sites of infection. Although neutrophils are essential for survival, few studies have investigated the mechanisms responsible for neutrophil mobilization from the bone marrow during polymicrobial sepsis. Using a cecal ligation and puncture model of polymicrobial sepsis, we demonstrated that neutrophil mobilization from the bone marrow is not dependent on TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, IFNARα/β, or CXCR2 pathway signaling during sepsis. In contrast, we observed that bone marrow CXCL12 mRNA abundance and specific CXCL12 levels are sharply reduced, whereas splenic CXCR4 mRNA and cell surface expression are increased during sepsis. Blocking CXCL12 activity significantly reduced blood neutrophilia by inhibiting bone marrow release of granulocytes during sepsis. However, CXCL12 inhibition had no impact on the expansion of bone marrow neutrophil precursors and hematopoietic progenitors. Bone marrow neutrophil retention by CXCL12 blockade prevented blood neutrophilia, inhibited peritoneal neutrophil accumulation, allowed significant peritoneal bacterial invasion, and increased polymicrobial sepsis mortality. We concluded that changes in the pattern of CXCL12 signaling during sepsis are essential for neutrophil bone marrow mobilization and host survival but have little impact on bone marrow granulopoiesis.
The evolving plasticity of coagulation protease-dependent cytoprotective signalling
Authors: Shahzad K. , Isermann B. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryCoagulation proteases control cellular homeostasis beyond haemostasis. While the role of coagulation proteases in regulating vascular healing and thrombosis is well established, the mechanism underlying the receptor-dependent regulation of cellular function remain incompletely understood. In particular, the opposing effects of the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1), dependent on the activating proteases thrombin or activated protein C generated a conundrum researchers only recently have begun to decipher. The net-effect (cellular perturbation vs. cellular protection) depends on co-receptors involved, the concentration of the activating protease, the temporal context of receptor activation, and a dynamic process of receptor rearrangement upon receptor activation. The latter scenario recruits receptors to a cytoprotective signalling pathways. Recent insights into these mechanisms are summarized in this article.
Modeling microalgae cultivation productivities in different geographic locations – estimation method for idealized photobioreactors
Authors: Franz Anette , Lehr Florian , Posten Clemens , Schaub Georg 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMicroalgae can be used to produce versatile high‐value fuels, such as methane, biodiesel, ethanol, or hydrogen gas. One of the most important factors that influence the economics of microalgae cultivation is the primary production of biomass per unit area. This is determined by productivity rates during cultivation, which are influenced by the local climate conditions (solar irradiation, temperature). To compare locations in different climate regions for microalgae cultivation, a mathematical model for an idealized closed photobioreactor was developed. The applied growth kinetics were based on theoretical maximum photon‐conversion efficiencies (for the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy in the form of biomass). Known or estimated temperature effects for different algal strains were incorporated. The model was used to calculate hourly average areal productivity rates as well as annual primary production values under local conditions at seven example locations. Here, hourly weather data (solar irradiance and air temperature) were taken into account. According to these model calculations, maximum annual yields were achieved in regions with high irradiation and temperature patterns in or near the optimum range of the specific algal strain (here, desert and equatorial humid climates). The developed model can be used as a tool to assess and compare individual locations for microalgae cultivation.
The zero‐sum game of pathway optimization: Emerging paradigms for tuning gene expression
Authors: Solomon Kevin V. , Prather Kristala L. J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWith increasing price volatility and growing awareness of the lack of sustainability of traditional chemical synthesis, microbial chemical production has been tapped as a promising renewable alternative for the generation of diverse, stereospecific compounds. Nonetheless, many attempts to generate them are not yet economically viable. Due to the zero‐sum nature of microbial resources, traditional strategies of pathway optimization are attaining minimal returns. This result is in part a consequence of the gross changes in host physiology resulting from such efforts and underscores the need for more precise and subtle forms of gene modulation. In this review, we describe alternative strategies and emerging paradigms to address this problem and highlight potential solutions from the emerging field of synthetic biology.
Synthesis, Characterization, and the Photochromic, Luminescence, Metallogelation and Liquid‐Crystalline Properties of Multifunctional Platinum(II) Bipyridine Complexes
Authors: Li Yongguang , Tam Anthony Yiu‐Yan , Wong Keith Man‐Chung , Li Wen , Wu Lixin , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA series of multifunctional platinum(II) bipyridine complexes were designed, synthesized, and characterized by 1H NMR, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB‐MS), and elemental analysis. Their electrochemical and photophysical properties were investigated. The photochromic properties of the spironaphthoxazine‐containing complexes were also studied. Some of these complexes were shown to be capable of forming stable thermoreversible metallogels in organic solvents. In contrast to typical thermotropic organogels and metallogels, one of the complexes could form metallogels in dodecane and is very stable towards external stimuli. The photochromic activation parameters for the bleaching reaction of a representative spironaphthoxazine‐containing complex in a dodecane gel were determined through kinetic studies at various temperatures. Lamellar liquid‐crystalline behavior was also observed in one of the complexes, and the liquid‐crystalline properties were studied by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), variable‐temperature X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and variable‐temperature infrared (IR) spectroscopy.
Characteristics of batch rotor–stator mixer performance elucidated by shaft torque and angle resolved PIV measurements
Authors: Mortensen Hans Henrik , Calabrese Richard V. , Innings Fredrik , Rosendahl Lasse 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCharacteristics of batch rotor–stator mixer performance are elucidated by shaft torque and angle resolved 2D PIV measurements obtained in a full‐scale, custom build, bottom‐mounted, rotor–stator mixer unit operating in the turbulent regime with water as working fluid. Measurements have been acquired at various rotor speeds corresponding to impeller based Reynolds numbers between 2.0 × 105 and 8.5 × 105. The use of a transparent Plexiglas stator facilitated PIV measurements inside and outside the stator as well as into the stator slots themselves. The governing mechanisms controlling the complex flow structures, flow rates, power dissipation, velocity fields, strain rate fields and turbulence intensity fields are explained, highlighting the influence on rotor–stator mixer performance. The results indicate that scale‐up of mixing processes that depend on macro‐scale phenomena should be based on constant rotor tip speed.
Sequential assembly of flagellar radial spokes
Authors: Diener Dennis R. , Yang Pinfen , Geimer Stefan , Cole Douglas G. , Sale Winfield S. , Rosenbaum Joel L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe unicellular alga Chlamydomonas can assemble two 10 μm flagella in 1 h from proteins synthesized in the cell body. Targeting and transporting these proteins to the flagella are simplified by preassembly of macromolecular complexes in the cell body. Radial spokes are flagellar complexes that are partially assembled in the cell body before entering the flagella. On the axoneme, radial spokes are “T” shaped structures with a head of five proteins and a stalk of 18 proteins that sediment together at 20S. In the cell body, radial spokes are partially assembled; about half of the radial spoke proteins (RSPs) form a 12S complex. In mutants lacking a single RSP, smaller spoke subassemblies were identified. When extracts from two such mutants were mixed in vitro the 12S complex was assembled from several smaller complexes demonstrating that portions of the stepwise assembly of radial spoke assembly can be carried out in vitro to elucidate the order of spoke assembly in the cell body. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment adherence and outcome in women with inflammatory breast cancer
Authors: Andic Fundagul , Godette Karen , O'Regan Ruth , Zelnak Amelia , Liu Tian , Rizzo Monica , Gabram Sheryl , Torres Mylin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors compared treatment adherence rates and outcome in Caucasian and African American patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC).METHODS:The records of 55 (25 Caucasian and 30 African American) IBC patients treated with curative intent from 1995 to 2009 were reviewed. All patients received neoadjuvant doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and/or taxane‐based chemotherapy, and mastectomy with or without radiotherapy. The median follow‐up period for Caucasian and African American patients was similar (39.5 months and 36.1 months, respectively).RESULTS:There was no difference between races in median age, tumor size, grade, and receptor status at diagnosis. The number of patients who completed neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy did not differ by race (84% of Caucasians vs 86.7% of African Americans) nor did the median length of time to complete trimodality treatment (263 [range, 207‐422] days for Caucasians vs 262 [range, 165‐371] days for African Americans). There was a trend toward slightly higher pathological complete response rates in Caucasian than African American women (20% in Caucasians vs 6.7% in African Americans, P = .23). Despite slightly better response rates to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, Caucasian patients did not have higher 3‐year local control rates (70% in Caucasians vs 64% in African Americans, P = .73). However, there was a trend toward higher 3‐year overall survival in Caucasian versus African American patients (73% in Caucasians vs 55% in African Americans, P = .09) and higher distant metastasis‐free survival (60% in Caucasians vs 40% in African Americans, P = .19).CONCLUSIONS:This study is among the largest to examine patients with IBC by race. Being Caucasian or African American did not appear to impact treatment adherence. However, African American patients tended to have poorer response to standard treatment and worse outcome than Caucasian patients. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Survival after second primary lung cancer
Authors: Milano Michael T. , Li Huilin , Constine Louis S. , Travis Lois B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Lung cancer accounts for the largest absolute risk of second malignancies among Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors. However, no population‐based studies have compared overall survival (OS) between HL survivors who developed nonsmall cell lung cancer (HL‐NSCLC) versus patients with first primary NSCLC (NSCLC‐1).METHODS:The authors compared the OS of 178,431 patients who had NSCLC‐1 and 187 patients who had HL‐NSCLC (among 22,648 HL survivors), accounting for sex, race, sociodemographic status, calendar year, and age at NSCLC diagnosis, and NSCLC histology and stage. All patients were reported to the population‐based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Hazard ratios (HRs) were derived from a Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTS:Although the NSCLC stage distribution was similar in both groups (20% localized, 30% regional, and 50% distant), HL survivors experienced significantly inferior stage‐specific OS. For patients with localized, regional, and distant stage NSCLC, the HRs (95% confidence interval [CI]) for death among HL survivors were 1.60 (95% CI, 1.08‐2.37; P < .0001), 1.67 (95% CI, 1.26‐2.22; P = .0004), and 1.31 (95% CI, 1.06‐1.61; P = .013), respectively. Among HL‐NSCLC patients, significant associations were observed between more advanced NSCLC stage and the following variables: younger age at HL diagnosis (P = .003), younger age at NSCLC diagnosis (P = .048), and longer latency between HL and NSCLC diagnoses (P = .015).CONCLUSIONS:Compared with patients who had de novo NSCLC, HL survivors experienced a significant 30% to 60% decrease in OS after an NSCLC diagnosis. Further research is needed to not only elucidate the clinical‐biologic underpinnings of NSCLC after HL, including the influence of previous HL treatment, but also to define the role of lung cancer screening in selected patients. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.