bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anglicans and Orthodox: The Cyprus Agreed Statement
Authors: Reid Duncan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe article takes the form of a report on the current state of the international Anglican–Orthodox theological dialogue. It offers a critical reading of the Church of the Triune God: The Cyprus Agreed Statement of the International Commission for Anglican–Orthodox Theological Dialogue, 2006, outlining the major issues considered, together with points of convergence and continuing disagreement. Starting from acknowledged areas of previous agreement on questions of the Triune God and the nature of the Church, the statement gives special consideration to the issues arising from the ordination of women in provinces of the Anglican Communion. It considers the historical practice of ministry in both churches and the possibility of reception of new expressions of ministry. The theological question at the heart of these considerations is whether the ordination of women constitutes a church dividing matter. For this reason the statement gives some consideration to the terminology of heresy, schism and reception.
Iron-binding activity in yeast frataxin entails a trade off with stability in the α1/β1 acidic ridge region
Authors: Correia Ana R. , Wang Tao , Craig Elizabeth A. , Gomes Cláudio M. 
Published: December 2009

Frataxin is a highly conserved mitochondrial protein whose deficiency in humans results in Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive ataxia and cardiomyopathy. Although its cellular function is still not fully clear, the fact that frataxin plays a crucial role in Fe–S assembly on the scaffold protein Isu is well accepted. In the present paper, we report the characterization of eight frataxin variants having alterations on two putative functional regions: the α1/β1 acidic ridge and the conserved β-sheet surface. We report that frataxin iron-binding capacity is quite robust: even when five of the most conserved residues from the putative iron-binding region are altered, at least two iron atoms per monomer can be bound, although with decreased affinity. Furthermore, we conclude that the acidic ridge is designed to favour function over stability. The negative charges have a functional role, but at the same time significantly impair frataxin's stability. Removing five of those charges results in a thermal stabilization of ~24 °C and reduces the inherent conformational plasticity. Alterations on the conserved β-sheet residues have only a modest impact on the protein stability, highlighting the functional importance of residues 122–124.
Hesperides, or the Muses' Garden and its Manuscript History
Authors: Tianhu Hao 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
This article provides an analysis of Hesperides, or the Muses’ Garden, a seventeenth-century manuscript commonplace book, beginning with an account scholarly claims regarding the different manuscripts. By comparing the different versions, as well as material evidence, much can be established about the production and dating of these texts. The article concludes with a discussion of the role of Humphrey Moseley, who had initially entered Hesperides in the Stationers’ Register. Transcriptions of the respective catalogues as they appear in the two Folger manuscripts are provided in the appendices.
Mutational analysis of interaction between coat protein and helper component‐proteinase ofSoybean mosaic virusinvolved in aphid transmission
Authors: SEO JANG‐KYUN , KANG SUNG‐HWAN , SEO BO YOON , JUNG JIN KYO , KIM KOOK‐HYUNG 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARYSoybean mosaic virus(SMV), a member of the genusPotyvirus, is transmitted by aphids in a non‐persistent manner. It has been well documented that the helper component‐proteinase (HC‐Pro) plays a role as a ‘bridge’ between virion particles and aphid stylets in the aphid transmission of potyviruses. Several motifs, including the KITC and PTK motifs on HC‐Pro and the DAG motif on the coat protein (CP), have been found to be involved in aphid transmission. Previously, we have shown strong interaction between SMV CP and HC‐Pro in a yeast two‐hybrid system (YTHS). In this report, we further analysed this CP–HC‐Pro interaction based on YTHS and anin vivobinding assay to identify crucial amino acid residues for this interaction. Through this genetic approach, we identified two additional amino acid residues (H256 on CP and R455 on HC‐Pro), as well as G12 on the DAG motif, crucial for the CP–HC‐Pro interaction. We introduced mutations into the identified residues using an SMV infectious clone and showed that these mutations affected the efficiency of aphid transmission of SMV. We also investigated the involvement of the PTK and DAG motifs in the CP–HC‐Pro interaction and aphid transmission of SMV. Our results support the concept that physical interaction between CP and HC‐Pro is important for potyviral aphid transmission. Based on the combination of our current results with previous findings, the possibility that aphid transmission may be regulated by more complex molecular interactions than the simple involvement of HC‐Pro as a bridge is discussed.
Microbial mechanism for rice variety control on methane emission from rice field soil
Authors: MA KE , QIU QIONGFEN , LU YAHAI 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRice variety is one of the key factors regulating methane (CH4) production and emission from the paddy fields. However, the relationships between rice varieties and populations of microorganisms involved in CH4dynamics are poorly understood. Here we investigated CH4dynamics and the composition and abundance of CH4‐producing archaea and CH4‐oxidizing bacteria in a Chinese rice field soil planted with three types of rice. Hybrid rice produced 50–60% more of shoot biomass thanIndica and Japonicacultivars. However, the emission rate of CH4was similar to Japonica and lower than Indica. Furthermore, the dissolved CH4concentration in the rhizosphere of hybrid rice was markedly lower than Indica and Japonica cultivars. The rhizosphere soil of hybrid rice showed a similar CH4production potential but a higher CH4oxidation potential compared with the conventional varieties. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the archaeal 16S rRNA genes showed that the hydrogenotrophic methanogens dominated in the rhizosphere whereas acetoclastic methanogens mainly inhabited the bulk soil. The abundance of total archaea as determined by quantitative (real‐time) PCR increased in the later stage of rice growth. However, rice variety did not significantly influence the structure and abundance of methanogenic archaea. The analysis of pmoA gene fragments (encoding the α‐subunit of particulate methane monooxygenase) revealed that rice variety also did not influence the structure of methanotrophic proteobacteria, though variable effects of soil layer and sampling time were observed. However, the total copy number of pmoA genes in the rhizosphere of hybrid rice was approximately one order of magnitude greater than the two conventional cultivars. The results suggest that hybrid rice stimulates the growth of methanotrophs in the rice rhizosphere, and hence enhances CH4oxidation which attenuates CH4emissions from the paddy soil. Hybrid rice is becoming more and more popular in Asian countries. The present study demonstrated that planting of hybrid rice will not enhance CH4emissions albeit a higher grain production than the conventional varieties.
Effect of increased atmospheric CO2 on the performance of an aquatic detritivore through changes in water temperature and litter quality
Authors: FERREIRA VERÓNICA , GONÇALVES ANA LÚCIA , GODBOLD DOUGLAS L. , CANHOTO CRISTINA 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCold water woodland streams, where terrestrially derived organic matter fuels aquatic food webs, can be affected by increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, as these are predicted to lead to increases in water temperature and decreases in organic matter quality. In fact, elevated CO2 (580 ppm) decreased the initial phosphorus concentration of birch litter by 30% compared with litter grown under ambient conditions (380 ppm). Here, we first assessed the effect of differences in litter quality on mass loss, microbial colonization and conditioned litter quality after submersion in a mountain stream for 2 weeks. Leaching did not change the relative differences between litter types, while fungal biomass was two fold higher in elevated litter. We then offered this litter (conditioned ambient and elevated) to a stream detritivore that was kept at 10 and 15 °C to assess the individual and interactive effects of increased temperature and decreased litter quality on invertebrate performance. When given a choice, the detritivore preferred elevated litter, but only at 10 °C. When fed litter types singularly, there was no effect of litter quality on consumption rates; however, the effect of temperature depended on individual size and time of collection. Growth rates were higher in individuals fed ambient litter at 10 °C when compared with individuals fed elevated litter at 15 °C. Mortality did not differ between litter types, but was higher at 15 °C than at 10 °C. Increases in temperature led to alterations in the individual body elemental composition and interacted with litter type. The performance of the detritivore was therefore more affected by increases in temperature than by small decreases in litter quality. However, it seems conceivable that in a future global warming scenario the simultaneous increases in water temperature and decreases in litter quality might affect detritivores performance more than predicted from the effects of both factors considered individually.
The oral health needs of children after treatment for a solid tumour or lymphoma
Authors: HUTTON ALISON , BRADWELL MOIRA , ENGLISH MARTIN , CHAPPLE IAIN 
Published: December 2009

Background.  With increasing survival rates for childhood cancer, late effects are of growing importance. Oral health is central to general health, level of nutrition, quality of life, and is significant in the holistic care of children during cancer therapy.Hypothesis.  The oral health needs of children treated for solid tumours/lymphoma will be greater than the general population, groups will differ according to tumour and treatment.Design.  One hundred and twenty patients, 0–17 years, under follow‐up from 01/07/06 to 07/02/07 were investigated for caries, opacities, microdontia, and gingivitis. Analysis was performed with stratification according to tumour and treatment. Comparisons made with the UK 2003 Child Dental Health Survey.Results.  The neuroblastoma group and high‐dose chemotherapy with stem‐cell rescue (HDCSCR) therapy group had increased caries of the primary teeth. Chi‐squared analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship (P < 0.03) between the age at receipt of chemotherapy (<3.5 years) and the presence of microdont teeth.Conclusion.  Oral health care is important for all patients particularly those with a neuroblastoma, or who received HDCSCR. Patients should be advised about the possibility of microdontia in the permanent dentition following chemotherapy under 3.5 years.
Evaluation of mandibular infiltration versus mandibular block anaesthesia in treating primary canines in children
Authors: YASSEN GHAETH H. 
Published: December 2009

Objective.  The objectives of this study were to determine the effectiveness of mandibular infiltration compared with mandibular block in treating primary canines in children and to relate the effectiveness to the type of treatment performed.Methods.  A total of 89 children, 6–9 years old, requiring identical treatment on contralateral mandibular canines were selected. The split mouth study design was used. The anaesthetic used in both techniques was 2% lidocaine solution with 1 : 80,000 epinephrine. Dental procedures included class III, IV, and V restorations, formocresol pulpotomies, and extractions. Child’s pain reaction and behaviour for each anaesthesia technique and the type of treatment were rated at certain intervals of treatment using sounds, motor, and ocular changes indicating pain and the Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale. Evaluations were made upon injection, probing, rubber dam placement, and during tooth preparation and extraction.Results.  No statistically significant difference was found between the two anaesthetic techniques for either pain or behaviour at all evaluation intervals (P > 0.05), during the performance of restorations, pulpotomies, or during extractions.Conclusions.  Mandibular infiltration anaesthesia is as effective as mandibular block for restoration, pulpotomy, and extraction in primary canines. The mandibular infiltration anaesthesia was not significantly less painful than the mandibular block.
RseA, the SigE specific anti‐sigma factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is inactivated by phosphorylation‐dependent ClpC1P2 proteolysis
Authors: Barik Subhasis , Sureka Kamakshi , Mukherjee Partha , Basu Joyoti , Kundu Manikuntala 
Published: December 2009

SummaryCentral to the response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to environmental stress is the regulation of genes under the control of alternative sigma factors. Sigma E of M. tuberculosis plays an important role in the intracellular life of the bacterium and regulates several genes which are important for maintaining the integrity of the cell envelope stress. This makes it important to understand how SigE is activated under stress. Here we elucidate the mechanisms regulating interaction of SigE with its cognate anti‐sigma factor RseA. Cysteines 70 and 73 are required for redox‐dependent interaction of RseA with SigE. Under surface stress, PknB‐dependent phosphorylation of RseA on T39 is required for its cleavage by ClpC1P2 thereby activating the SigE regulon. Rv2745c (MSMEG_2694), a transcriptional regulator, activates the clp regulon in response to vancomycin‐induced stress. Taken together with the previous report that Rv2745c is activated by SigE, our study uncovers a positive feedback loop that activates the sigE regulon under envelope stress.
Identification and characterization of the aspartate chemosensory receptor of Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Hartley‐Tassell Lauren E. , Shewell Lucy K. , Day Christopher J. , Wilson Jennifer C. , Sandhu Randeep , Ketley Julian M. , Korolik Victoria 
Published: December 2009

Summary Campylobacter jejuni is a highly motile bacterium that responds via chemotaxis to environmental stimuli to migrate towards favourable conditions. Previous in silico analysis of the C. jejuni strain NCTC11168 genome sequence identified 10 open reading frames, tlp1‐10, that encode putative chemosensory receptors. We describe the characterization of the role and specificity of the Tlp1 chemoreceptor (Cj1506c). In vitro and in vivo models were used to determine if Tlp1 had a role in host colonization. The tlp1‐ isogenic mutant was more adherent in cell culture, however, showed reduced colonization ability in chickens. Specific interactions between the purified sensory domain of Tlp1 and l‐aspartate were identified using an amino acid array and saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chemotaxis assays showed differences between migration of wild‐type C. jejuni cells and that of a tlp1‐ isogenic mutant, specifically towards aspartate. Furthermore, using yeast two‐hybrid and three‐hybrid systems for analysis of protein–protein interactions, the cytoplasmic signalling domain of Tlp1 was found to preferentially interact with CheV, rather than the CheW homologue of the chemotaxis signalling pathway; this interaction was confirmed using immune precipitation assays. This is the first identification of an aspartate receptor in bacteria other than Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
Development of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for detection of circulating IgG autoantibodies against canine desmoglein 3 in dogs with pemphigus
Authors: Nishifuji Koji , Tamura Kei , Konno Hitomi , Olivry Thierry , Amagai Masayuki , Iwasaki Toshiroh 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPemphigus, a group of autoimmune blistering dermatoses recognized in humans and dogs, is divided into three subgroups: pemphigus vulgaris (PV), pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP). Previously, we have demonstrated that circulating anti‐desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) IgG in dogs with PV and PNP disrupts Dsg3‐mediated keratinocyte cell–cell adhesion. The aim of this study was to develop an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of circulating IgG against canine Dsg3 in dogs with pemphigus. A secreted form of recombinant protein representing the entire extracellular domain of canine Dsg3 (cDsg3) was produced by baculovirus expression and used as the coated antigen in the ELISA. The titre of anti‐cDsg3 ELISA was significantly higher in canine PV (n = 14) than that in healthy dogs (n = 44) (P < 0.05). Of the canine PV and PNP sera, 11/14 (79%) canine PV sera and the canine PNP serum were positive in the anti‐cDsg3 ELISA. On the other hand, 14/37 (38%) sera from canine PF and 9/18 (50%) sera from canine autoimmune subepidermal bullous dermatoses were positive in the ELISA. Circulating IgG against cDsg3 was not recognized in dogs with superficial pyoderma (n = 5), atopic dermatitis (n = 8), or in healthy dogs (n = 44). Moreover, IgG immunoreactivity against cDsg3 in all 21 sera was completely absorbed by preincubation with cDsg3. These findings altogether suggest that the anti‐cDsg3 ELISA can be used as a rapid screening test for the detection of circulating anti‐Dsg3 IgG autoantibodies in canine pemphigus.
Canine epitheliotropic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: an investigation of T‐cell receptor immunophenotype, lesion topography and molecular clonality
Authors: Moore Peter F. , Affolter Verena K. , Graham Petra S. , Hirt Barbara 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCanine epitheliotropic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a spontaneous neoplasm of the skin and mucous membranes of aged dogs. The WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues in human beings recognizes three forms of cutaneous epitheliotropic CTCL: mycosis fungoides (MF), Sézary syndrome and pagetoid reticulosis. In this series of dogs (n = 56), there were 39 cases of MF, 16 cases of pagetoid reticulosis and a single case of Sézary syndrome. Epitheliotropic T cells in CTCL lesions expressed CD8 in 44 of 55 dogs (80%) assessed; neither CD4 nor CD8 was expressed in the remainder. This contrasts with human MF in which αβ T‐cell receptors (TCR) and CD4 are dominantly expressed. Molecular clonality assessment of canine epitheliotropic CTCL utilizing PCR primers specific for canine TCR gamma (TCRG) was performed. Of the 45 canine cases assessed, TCRG monoclonality was detected in 36 cases (80%). TCR typing of canine epitheliotropic CTCL revealed that TCRγδ was expressed in 60% of cases, including all cases of canine pagetoid reticulosis assessed. Either muco‐cutaneous junctions or tissues of the oral cavity were the sites of lesions in 32 dogs (57%) with epitheliotropic CTCL. Analysis of the topography of lesions revealed an association with TCR type. If epitheliotropic CTCL lesions occurred in both locations, T cells were more likely to express TCRγδ (γδ : αβ = 2.0). These data establish that canine skin trafficking T cells have a far wider range than previously thought; this includes tongue, gingival, buccal and palatine mucosae.
Risk of colonization or gene transfer to owners of dogs with meticillin‐resistantStaphylococcus pseudintermedius
Authors: Frank Linda A. , Kania Stephen A. , Kirzeder Elizabeth M. , Eberlein Laura C. , Bemis David A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTo determine the zoonotic risk from meticillin‐resistant staphylococcal species or transfer of resistance genes between dogs with pyoderma and their owners, 25 dog–owner pairs were studied. Cultures were obtained from the dog’s lesions and the owner’s nasal cavity on the initial visit.Staphylococcusisolates were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by the Kirby‐Bauer disk diffusion method. Presence of themecAgene was determined by PCR. Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome (SCCmec) typing was performed by multiplex PCR. Eighteen dogs had a meticillin‐resistant staphylococcal species, with meticillin‐resistantS. pseudintermedius(MRSP) isolated from 15 dogs. MRSP was isolated from two owners of dogs with MRSP skin infections. Both organisms had the same susceptibility pattern and SCCmectype. MRSP was not isolated from the owners after treating both dogs for 1 month. At least one coagulase‐negativeStaphylococcusspp. (CoNS) was isolated from each owner, with meticillin resistance found in 16 (64%) of the isolates. ThemecAgene was identified in all but two of the meticillin‐resistantStaphylococcusspp. Multiplex PCR identified SCCmectype V in all MRSP. ThemecAgene‐possessing CoNS isolates from owners contained either SCCmectype IVa or IVc. In conclusion, MRSP colonization of owners appeared to be uncommon and transient. Human nasal carriage of meticillin‐resistant CoNS was common, but the SCCmectypes were different from those in the canine MRSP isolates. Owners do not appear to be at great risk of zoonotic transfer of organisms or antimicrobial resistance genes from dogs with MRSP infections, but the findings should be confirmed with a much larger cohort.
Cutaneous vasculitis in equines: a retrospective study of 72 cases
Authors: White Stephen D. , Affolter Verena K. , Dewey Jennifer , Kass Philip H. , Outerbridge Catherine , Ihrke Peter J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCutaneous vasculitis was identified by histopathological findings in 72 equines. The most frequent clinical findings were crusts/scales and oedema of the legs with the most common underlying disease being photo‐aggravated dermatitis. Common laboratory findings were anaemia, neutrophilia, hyperglycaemia and hyperglobulinaemia. Histopathological patterns were most commonly cell‐poor and lymphocytic/histiocytic. While statistically supported treatment recommendations could not be made due to the large numbers of confounding factors, trimethoprim‐sulfa antibiotics, corticosteroids, and/or resolution or control of the underlying disease process were the most common treatment modalities.