bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Pure and Noble Indians, Untainted by Inferior Idolatrous Races”: Native Elites and the Discourse of Blood Purity in Late Colonial Mexico
Authors: Villella Peter B. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
As sixteenth-century Spaniards constructed their global empire, they carried with them the racial-religious concept of “limpieza de sangre,” or blood purity, which restricted marginalized communities from exercising prestige and authority. However, the complex demographic arena of early modern America, so different from the late medieval Iberia that gave rise to the discourse, necessarily destabilized and complicated limpieza’s meanings and modes of expression. This article explores a variety of ways by which indigenous elites in late colonial Mexico sought to take advantage of these ambiguities and describe themselves as “pure-blooded,” thereby reframing their local authority in terms recognized and respected by Spanish authorities. Specifically, savvy native lords naturalized the concept by portraying their own ancestors as the originators of “pure” bloodlines in America. In doing so, they reoriented the imagined metrics of purity so as to distinguish themselves from native commoners, mestizos, and the descendants of Africans. However, applying limpieza in native communities could backfire: after two centuries of extensive race mixing, many native lords found themselves vulnerable to accusations of uncleanliness and ancestral shame. Yet successful or not, indigenous participation in the discourse of limpieza helped influence what it meant in New Spain to be “honorable” and “pure,” and therefore eligible for social mobility.
Synthesis of LiFePO4 by Ultrasonic and Nozzle Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Jüstel Manuela , Schwinger Albrecht , Friedrich Bernd , Binnewies Michael 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Lithium iron phosphate LiFePO4 (LFP) is one of the promising new cathode materials for next generation lithium secondary batteries. Various synthesis strategies have been proposed to create LiFePO4 particles with maximum efficiency. The spray pyrolysis is a suitable synthesis technique which allows to direct the particle formation in multiple ways. LiFePO4 has successfully been synthesized by ultrasonic and nozzle spray pyrolysis. The obtained products were characterized by means of XRD and SEM analysis. Furthermore, the mechanism of the particle formation was investigated.
Zinc-air Batteries: Prospects and Challenges for Future Improvement
Authors: Harting Katrin , Kunz Ulrich , Turek Thomas 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
With the rising production of regenerative energy stronger focus on energy storage is necessary. One possibility to store electric energy is the use of battery technology. Especially high energy densities can be realized with metal-air batteries. Zinc-air batteries are known since more than 100 years, but have until now found use only in special markets. A well-known example is the battery for hearing aids. Many attempts have been undertaken to develop rechargeable zinc-based batteries, but only with limited success. Reasons for this fact and directions for future needs, applications and developments are discussed in the paper. Furthermore, first experiments for the use of ionic liquids as electrolytes in zinc-air-batteries are presented.
Convergence of the Insulin and Serotonin Programs in the Pancreatic β-Cell
Authors: Ohta Yasuharu , Kosaka Yasuhiro , Kishimoto Nina , Wang Juehu , Smith Stuart B. , Honig Gerard , Kim Hail , Gasa Rosa M. , Neubauer Nicole , Liou Angela , Tecott Laurence H. , Deneris Evan S. , German Michael S. 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
Despite their origins in different germ layers, pancreatic islet cells share many common developmental features with neurons, especially serotonin-producing neurons in the hindbrain. Therefore, we tested whether these developmental parallels have functional consequences.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used transcriptional profiling, immunohistochemistry, DNA-binding analyses, and mouse genetic models to assess the expression and function of key serotonergic genes in the pancreas.

RESULTS
We found that islet cells expressed the genes encoding all of the products necessary for synthesizing, packaging, and secreting serotonin, including both isoforms of the serotonin synthetic enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase and the archetypal serotonergic transcription factor Pet1. As in serotonergic neurons, Pet1 expression in islets required homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2.2 but not Nkx6.1. In β-cells, Pet1 bound to the serotonergic genes but also to a conserved insulin gene regulatory element. Mice lacking Pet1 displayed reduced insulin production and secretion and impaired glucose tolerance.

CONCLUSIONS
These studies demonstrate that a common transcriptional cascade drives the differentiation of β-cells and serotonergic neurons and imparts the shared ability to produce serotonin. The interrelated biology of these two cell types has important implications for the pathology and treatment of diabetes.
Modulation of β-Adrenergic Receptors in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Influences Counterregulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia
Authors: Szepietowska Barbara , Zhu Wanling , Chan Owen , Horblitt Adam , Dziura James , Sherwin Robert S. 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
Norepinephrine is locally released into the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), a key brain glucose-sensing region in the response to hypoglycemia. As a result, this neurotransmitter may play a role in modulating counterregulatory responses. This study examines whether norepinephrine acts to promote glucose counterregulation via specific VMH β-adrenergic receptors (BAR).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Awake male Sprague-Dawley rats received, via implanted guide cannulae, bilateral VMH microinjections of 1) artificial extracellular fluid, 2) B2AR agonist, or 3) B2AR antagonist. Subsequently, a hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp study was performed. The same protocol was also used to assess the effect of VMH delivery of a selective B1AR or B3AR antagonist.

RESULTS
Despite similar insulin and glucose concentrations during the clamp, activation of B2AR in the VMH significantly lowered by 32% (P &lt; 0.01), whereas VMH B2AR blockade raised by 27% exogenous glucose requirements during hypoglycemia (P &lt; 0.05) compared with the control study. These changes were associated with alternations in counterregulatory hormone release. Epinephrine responses throughout hypoglycemia were significantly increased by 50% when the B2AR agonist was delivered to the VMH (P &lt; 0.01) and suppressed by 32% with the B2AR antagonist (P &lt; 0.05). The glucagon response was also increased by B2AR activation by 63% (P &lt; 0.01). Neither blockade of VMH B1AR nor B3AR suppressed counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia. Indeed, the B1AR antagonist increased rather than decreased epinephrine release (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Local catecholamine release into the VMH enhances counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia via stimulation of B2AR. These observations suggest that B2AR agonists might have therapeutic benefit in diabetic patients with defective glucose counterregulation.
Autologous Umbilical Cord Blood Transfusion in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes Fails to Preserve C-Peptide
Authors: Haller Michael J. , Wasserfall Clive H. , Hulme Maigan A. , Cintron Miriam , Brusko Todd M. , McGrail Kieran M. , Sumrall Theresa M. , Wingard John R. , Theriaque Douglas W. , Shuster Jonathan J. , Atkinson Mark A. , Schatz Desmond A. 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
We conducted an open-label, phase I study using autologous umbilical cord blood (UCB) infusion to ameliorate type 1 diabetes (T1D). Having previously reported on the first 15 patients reaching 1 year of follow-up, herein we report on the complete cohort after 2 years of follow-up.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 24 T1D patients (median age 5.1 years) received a single intravenous infusion of autologous UCB cells and underwent metabolic and immunologic assessments.

RESULTS
No infusion-related adverse events were observed. β-Cell function declined after UCB infusion. Area under the curve C-peptide was 24.3% of baseline 1 year postinfusion (P &lt; 0.001) and 2% of baseline 2 years after infusion (P &lt; 0.001). Flow cytometry revealed increased regulatory T cells (Tregs) (P = 0.04) and naive Tregs (P = 0.001) 6 and 9 months after infusion, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Autologous UCB infusion in children with T1D is safe and induces changes in Treg frequency but fails to preserve C-peptide.
Supervised Exercise Training Counterbalances the Adverse Effects of Insulin Therapy in Overweight/Obese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Balducci Stefano , Zanuso Silvano , Cardelli Patrizia , Salerno Gerardo , Fallucca Sara , Nicolucci Antonio , Pugliese Giuseppe ,   for the Italian Diabetes Exercise Study (IDES) Investigators
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
To examine the effect of supervised exercise on traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors in sedentary, overweight/obese insulin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes from the Italian Diabetes Exercise Study (IDES).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study randomized 73 insulin-treated patients to twice weekly supervised aerobic and resistance training plus structured exercise counseling (EXE) or to counseling alone (CON) for 12 months. Clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed at baseline and at the end of the study.

RESULTS
The volume of physical activity was significantly higher in the EXE versus the CON group. Values for hemoglobin A1c, BMI, waist circumference, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and the coronary heart disease risk score were significantly reduced only in the EXE group. No major adverse events were observed.

CONCLUSIONS
In insulin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes, supervised exercise is safe and effective in improving glycemic control and markers of adiposity and inflammation, thus counterbalancing the adverse effects of insulin on these parameters.
Innovative Methods of Archiving, Presentation and Providing Access to Histological Sections
Authors: Filipiak Krystyna , Malińska Agnieszka , Krupa Dariusz , Zabel Maciej 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe dynamic development of technical sciences and informatics makes now possible acquisition of microscopic images of histological sections, not only using digital cameras, but also through specialized devices called scanners. The digitalized images stored in a computer storage device are called virtual slides and, together with special software, are known as virtual microscopy. The virtual slides can be analyzed on a computer screen by panoramic viewing or using a detailed image examination at higher magnification. In many research and education institutions in both the U.S. and Europe, the virtual microscopy is used for teaching and training purposes. In the academic year of 2009/10, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, as one of the first in Poland, has created a virtual database for educational purposes. This database created by archiving the traditional images of histological slides in the form of digital images. So far, more than 130 virtual slides have been acquired and catalogued in 24 thematic folders, available for medical students participating in histology, embryology and cell biology courses.Telepathology is the second branch which uses virtual microscopy. Virtual microscope allows to discuss and resolve medical/diagnostic problems with the use of telecommunication systems and information technology. The existing internet platforms offer access to virtual microscopes and virtual slides. In June, 2011 the Center of Morphologic Images Archivization and Digital Database of Microscopic Pictures in the Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences has launched an online platform (www.caom.pl), aimed to provide the central database of scanned histological sections of physiological tissues, and pathological, rare and sporadic lesions, including tumor
An Extension of BPMN Meta-model for Evaluation of Business Processes
Authors: Lodhi Azeem , Küppen Veit , Saake Gunter 
Published: October 2011

An Extension of BPMN Meta-model for Evaluation of Business ProcessesBusiness process modeling is used for better understanding and communication of company's processes. Mostly, business process modeling is discussed from the information system development perspective. Execution of a business process involves various factors (costs and time) which are important and should be represented in business process models. Controlling of business units uses post execution analysis for detection of failures for improvement. The process models conceived for information system development are not sufficient for post execution analysis. This paper focuses on the challenges of business process modeling in the post execution context. We provide a meta model for evaluation of a business process and discuss BPMN in this context. We also extend existing BPMN meta model for performance analysis of business processes. The proposed extensions are presented with the help of an example.
A Method for Documenting Modifications in ERP Systems
Authors: Ebersteins Martins , Grabis Janis 
Published: October 2011

A Method for Documenting Modifications in ERP SystemsModern Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are highly complex. This complexity is further increased by introducing modifications into the standard functionality. Maintenance and evolution of ERP systems becomes unmanageable if modifications are not properly documented. This paper elaborates a method for documenting and analyzing modifications made in ERP systems. These modifications are classified according to their impact on the standard functionality and a set of parameters for defining each modification is established. A template for describing modifications is also developed. The modifications are stored in the register of modifications and spreadsheet tools are used for analyzing these modifications. The analysis example is provided. It demonstrates identification of relationships between modifications and impact of modifications on elements of the standard system.
A Computer-aided Production System for Mass Customization in Fashion
Authors: Lu Jun-Ming , Wang Mao-Jiun 
Published: October 2011

A Computer-aided Production System for Mass Customization in FashionIn order to meet the demands of the market, a computer-aided production system for mass customization in fashion is proposed. The system enables the automation of dimension collection, pattern generation and fabric cutting. By integrating the system with the processes of garment sewing, fitting test and final adjustment, mass customization can be realized in the apparel industry. For the manufacturers, the efficiency of the supply chain can be improved by reducing human efforts, costs, and production time. For the customers, better fitness with faster delivery stimulates the desire of purchase and enhances their satisfaction.
On Precision Kinematic Accelerations for Airborne Gravimetry
Authors: Jekeli Ch. 
Published: October 2011

On Precision Kinematic Accelerations for Airborne GravimetryAdvances in accelerometer technology promise many orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity; which, consequently, also suggest progress in Earth Science applications, such as through new airborne gravimetric systems. However, a new capability for one sensor then usually demands commensurate requirements from auxiliary sensors in order to realize its full potential. Specifically, airborne gravimetry would benefit from improved inertial accelerometry only if the kinematic acceleration derived from vehicle tracking or positioning is equally precise. The latter is investigated in this study to determine the limits in precision due to errors in modeling the numerical derivative and due to errors in the positions, themselves. Simulations with actual aircraft trajectories show that the kinematic acceleration using current positioning capability (that is, GPS or similar satellite navigation systems) can be determined to an accuracy at the sub-milligal level only with sufficient smoothing over intervals of 60 s or longer. The effects of position error still dominate over the model error, and both are many orders of magnitude greater than the predicted precision of state-of-the-art accelerometry. This suggests that airborne gravity field determination likely will profit more if the advances in inertial sensor technology are directed toward gravity gradiometry.
Reducing Restraint and Seclusion in an Acute Aged Person's Mental Health Unit
Authors: Sivakumaran Hemalatha , George Kuruvilla , Pfukwa Ken 
Published: October 2011

Objective: This paper describes how a significant reduction in restraint and seclusion rates was achieved in an acute aged person's mental health unit. Method: We analysed seclusion and restraint data in 2009. This was supplemented with a random audit of patient files and qualitative data obtained from a survey of nursing staff. We also obtained management views on changes in management practice. Results: Four major factors were found to reduce rates of restraints and seclusion. These included: (i) leadership and support from management in nursing practices, (ii) increased multidisciplinary team input, (iii) renovations to the inpatient setting, and (iv) changes in treatment-related factors such as collection of behaviour management history and improving documentation in patient files. Conclusion: Experiences such as this provide insights and practical strategies that can be applied in other aged inpatient units to reduce or eliminate rates of seclusion and restraints.
Speaking Out on Violence and Social Change: Transmedia Storytelling with Remotely Situated Women in Nepal and Canada
Authors: Alexander Emma , Regier Edith 
Published: October 2011

In 2008–2009, Crossing Communities Art Project based in Winnipeg, MB extended its international transmedia project lookinginspeakingout.com to Nepal, in partnership with the Women Foundation Nepal. In this essay we describe the relational creative process between women in our projects in Canada and Nepal, including our collectively directed videos and public forums. Participating women in both countries worked collaboratively with Canadian artists to portray their lives; they described personal histories of gendered violence, enforced widowhood, self-harm, and living with HIV-AIDS. The videos described in this essay including documentary footage of the project are available for screening on the website, www.lookinginspeakingout.com . While the lookinginspeakingout.com project and this essay contribute some new understandings to the emerging field of collective transmedia storytelling in particular with women in remote locations, we recognize that our exploration of participatory video, authorship, social change, and the impacts of relational art projects have raised more questions than answers.
Views and Reviews
Authors: Stephenson Jenn 
Published: October 2011

Introduction to Views and Reviews, by Jenn Stephenson Review of Clarke Mackey, Random Acts of Culture: Reclaiming Art and Community in the 21st Century, by Darren O'Donnell Review of Julie Salverson, ed., Popular Political Theatre and Performance. Critical Perspectives on Canadian Theatre in English, Volume 17, by Tom Prentki The Experience of Imaginary Ordinary, by Andrew Houston In the Medieval Fashion: Community as Performance in The Midnapore Cycle, by Tamara Haddad Devoted and Disgruntled: An Open Space Making a Scene Conference, by Monica Prendergast Review of Drama and Desire: Artists and the Theatre, by Ashley Williamson
The effects of curing medium on the flexural strength and water permeability of cementitious composites containing Fe2O3 nanofillers
Authors: Nazari Ali , Riahi Shadi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In this study, the effect of limewater on the flexural strength and water permeability of concrete containing Fe2O3 nanoparticles has been investigated. Portland cement was partially replaced by Fe2O3 nanoparticles as nano-fillers with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt.%. Curing of the specimens was carried out in water and saturated limewater for 7, 28 and 90 days. The results indicate that replacement of cement by Fe2O3 nanoparticles up to 2.0 wt.% produces concrete with improved flexural strength and water permeability when the specimens are cured in saturated limewater. The level of replacement for the specimens cured in water is 1.0 wt.%. Fe2O3 nanoparticles can improve the filler effect and the high reactivity of fine particles also substantially increases the quantity of strengthening gel.
Thermal expansion/contraction behavior of AA7050 alloy in the as-cast condition relevant to thermomechanical simulation of residual thermal stresses
Authors: Lalpoor Mehdi , Eskin Dmitry G. , Katgerman Laurens 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
As-cast 7xxx series aluminum alloys experience a severe loss in ductility upon cooling and become brittle below 300 °C. In order to simulate the thermal stresses arising during casting, a thorough understanding of the thermal contraction behavior during solidification and cooling is required. In this study, some thermal properties of the AA7050 alloy are determined experimentally in the “as-cast” condition. Solidification contraction tests were performed to determine the onset of thermal contraction in the grain refined alloy and dilatometry tests were conducted to estimate the coefficient of thermal expansion/contraction of the alloy. Our simulation results showed that although the temperature dependence of the coefficients of thermal expansion/contraction obtained from the tests differ from the predictions of thermodynamic data-base, these differences are not crucial to the results of the thermomechanical simulations.
Electrospray deposition of thin copper-indium-diselenide films
Authors: Choi Kyung-Hyun , Muhammad Nauman Malik , Dang Hyun-Woo , Lee Ayoung , Hwang Jin-Soo , Nam Jong Won , Ryu Beyoung-Hwan 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Electrospray deposition is fast finding application in the field of thin film device manufacturing processes. The ease and cost efficiency attached to electrospray deposition with possible integration with roll-to-roll fabrication lines is the potential future of thin film device manufacturing. In this study thin films composed of copper-indium-diselenide, more commonly known as CIS, have been made using the electrospray deposition of nano-particle based inks for the ultimate manufacture of CIS-based solar cells. It is the first time that a complete CIS layer has been deposited through electrospray in a single step without involving any other process. Deposited layers are thoroughly characterized using techniques such as scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Moderate voltage requirements, dense, large grained, ∼1 μm thick layers and reasonable sintering temperatures involved in the electrospray deposition process promise the possible applicability of electrospray deposition in the manufacturing of cheap and easy to build solar cells.