bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated silicon waveguides via porous silicon formation by targeted fluorine doping
Authors: Winans Joshua D. , Lee Jonathan Y. , Veeramachaneni Bharat , Hu Shaoting , Kawamura Daiji , Witt Kevin , Hirschman Karl D. , Fauchet Philippe M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this work, a combination of fluorine and boron ion implantation is used to create regions of higher and lower effective hole concentrations. Porous silicon formation is selective to the areas of higher hole concentration and this selectivity leads to isolated silicon regions surrounded by porous silicon. The effect of varying the annealing conditions on the final depth of the isolated crystalline silicon is also explored. The resulting porous silicon is oxidized to create an isolated region of crystalline silicon capable of functioning as an optical waveguide near 1550 nm.magnified imageThe cross section of a typical waveguide created with this process and an overlay of the TE fundamentalE‐field mode profile for 1550 nm wavelength light source.
Effect of wet‐chemical substrate pretreatment on electronic interface properties and recombination losses of a ‐Si:H/c ‐Si and a ‐SiNx:H/c ‐Si hetero‐interfaces
Authors: Angermann Heike , Wünsch Frank , Kunst Marinus , Laades Abdelazize , Stürzebecher Uta , Conrad Erhard , Korte Lars , Schmidt Manfred 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSurface charge, surface state density and interface recombination behavior on polished float zone (FZ) solar cell substrates were investigated after various wet‐chemical pre‐cleaning procedures and deposition of amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) or silicon nitride (a‐SiNx:H). Applying surface photo voltage (SPV), microwave detected photo conductance decay (µW‐PCD) and transient microwave conduction (TRMC) measurements, electronic interface properties were monitored repeatedly during the preparation processes. As shown for an inverted a‐Si:H/c‐Si hetero‐junction structure, with front side passivation by a‐SiNx:H and a p‐type a‐Si:H emitter on the rear side, the effect of optimised wet‐chemical pre‐treatment can be preserved during the subsequent soft plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition of a‐Si:H or a‐SiNx:H. This leads to hetero‐interfaces with low interface recombination velocities. These results were compared to previously reported findings, obtained on textured Czochralski (CZ) single crystalline substrates. a‐SiNx:H is known to result in a field effect passivation. Nevertheless a strong influence of wet‐chemical treatments on surface charge and recombination losses was observed on both flat and textured a‐SiNx:H/c‐Si interfaces. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Morphology of contact printed colloidal quantum dots in organic semiconductor films: Implications for QD‐LEDs
Authors: Aidala Katherine E. , Panzer Matthew J. , Anikeeva Polina O. , Halpert Jonathan E. , Bawendi Moungi G. , Bulović Vladimir 
Published: December 2010

AbstractQuantum dot light emitting devices (QD‐LEDs) con‐sist of a monolayer of QDs sandwiched between a hole transporting layer (HTL) and electron transporting layer (ETL) of organic materials. These hybrid devices emit with the narrow bandwidth characteristic of the QDs. The precise position of the QD layer, relative to the interface between the ETL and HTL, can affect the quantum efficiency of the device on the scale of 10 nm or less.Motivated by this observation, the exact nature of the morphology of contact printed and self‐assembled QDs on typical organic materials is investigated. The QDs are substantially pressed into the organic material, to a somewhat greater extent when contact printed compared to self‐assembled structures. Measured device characteristics from samples made with the two methods are consistent with these observations (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
6 MHz BAW resonators fabricated using new piezoelectric crystals PrCa4O(BO3)3and NdCa4O(BO3)3
Authors: Yu Fapeng , Zhang Shujun , Zhao Xian , Yuan Duorong , Wang Qing‐ming , Shrout Thomas R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThickness shear mode Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) resonators with frequency of 6 MHz, were fabricated using monoclinic piezoelectric crystals PrCa4O(BO3)3(PrCOB) and NdCa4O(BO3)3(NdCOB). Zero temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) characteristics were achieved over the temperature range of –140 °C to 200 °C for (YXt)–1.5° cut PrCOB and (YXt)15° cut NdCOB, with the turnover temperature at 20 °C. The electromechanical coupling factork26and the piezoelectric coefficientd26were determined to be 30.2% and 15.8 pC/N for PrCOB, 29.0% and 15.1 pC/N for NdCOB resonators, respectively. The temperature independent frequency behavior, large coupling factor, high piezoelectric coefficient, together with noticeable mechanical quality factors (Q> 2,500), make PrCOB and NdCOB crystals good candidates for sensing applications with expanded temperature usage range. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flavonoids inhibit angiogenic cytokine production by human glioma cells
Authors: Freitas Sandra , Costa Silvia , Azevedo Camila , Carvalho Gerson , Freire Songeli , Barbosa Pedro , Velozo Eudes , Schaer Robert , Tardy Marcienne , Meyer Roberto , Nascimento Ivana 
Published: December 2010

AbstractVEGF and TGF‐β1 are cytokines that stimulate tissue invasion and angiogenesis. These factors are considered as molecular targets for the therapy of glioblastoma. Bevacizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody developed against VEGF, inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and vessel formation. Flavonoids obtained from Dimorphandra mollis and Croton betulaster have been described as proliferation inhibitors of a human glioblastoma derived cell line. VEGF and TGF‐β1 levels were dosed by ELISA in a GL‐15 cell line treated with bevacizumab and also with the flavonoids rutin, 5‐hydroxy‐7,4′‐dimethoxyflavone, casticin, apigenin and penduletin. Rutin reduced the VEGF and TGF‐β1 levels after 24 h but not after 72 h. The other flavonoids significantly reduced TGF‐β1 production. Bevacizumab reduced only the VEGF levels in the supernatant from GL‐15 cultures. These results suggest that the flavonoids studied, and commonly used in popular medicine, present an interesting subject of study due to their potential effect as angiogenic factor inhibitors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized pairwise comparisons of prioritized outcomes in the two‐sample problem
Authors: Buyse Marc 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper extends the idea behind the U‐statistic of the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test to perform generalized pairwise comparisons between two groups of observations. The observations are outcomes captured by a single variable, possibly repeatedly measured, or by several variables of any type (e.g. discrete, continuous, time to event). When several outcomes are considered, they must be prioritized. We show that generalized pairwise comparisons extend well‐known non‐parametric tests, and illustrate their interest using data from two randomized clinical trials. We also show that they lead to a general measure of the difference between the groups called the ‘proportion in favor of treatment’, denoted Δ, which is related to traditional measures of treatment effect for a single variable. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating the distribution of the window period for recent HIV infections: A comparison of statistical methods
Authors: Sweeting Michael J. , De Angelis Daniela , Parry John , Suligoi Barbara 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the past few years a number of antibody biomarkers have been developed to distinguish between recent and established Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Typically, a specific threshold/cut‐off of the biomarker is chosen, values below which are indicative ofrecent infections. Such biomarkers have attracted considerable interest as the basis for incidence estimation using a cross‐sectional sample. An estimate of HIV incidence can be obtained from the prevalence ofrecent infection, as measured in the sample, and knowledge of the time spent in therecent infectionstate, known as the window period. However, such calculations are based on a number of assumptions concerning the distribution of the window period. We compare two statistical methods for estimating the mean and distribution of a window period using data on repeated measurements of an antibody biomarker from a cohort of HIV seroconverters. The methods account for the interval‐censored nature of both the date of seroconversion and the date of crossing a specific threshold. We illustrate the methods using repeated measurements of the Avidity Index (AI) and make recommendations about the choice of threshold for this biomarker so that the resulting window period satisfies the assumptions for incidence estimation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The analysis of cross‐over trials with baseline measurements
Authors: Metcalfe Chris 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe statistical power of cross‐over trials can be increased by taking ‘baseline’ measurements of the outcome variable at the start of each treatment period. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), rather than analysis of change scores, takes best advantage of this. However, ANCOVA can give biased treatment effect estimates in observational studies with true baseline imbalance. While in truth balanced, chance baseline imbalance is possible in individual randomized cross‐over studies due to their typically small sample size. Although such chance imbalance does not cause biased estimation on average over repeated trials, this simulation study will aim to confirm the appropriateness of ANCOVA when faced with the analysis of data from an individual trial in which chance baseline imbalance is clearly apparent. Randomized cross‐over trials were simulated, varying in sample size and the pattern and strength of correlation between repeated measures. Estimates from ANCOVA, change scores, and post‐treatment difference were unbiased on average across each set of simulated data sets. ANCOVA and change scores could use baseline information to improve precision, but change scores could also reduce precision if baseline measures were uninformative. Change scores only were correlated with chance within‐subject baseline imbalance. All three estimators could be correlated with chance between‐subjects imbalance in the first period baseline measurements, the strongest associations being with the post‐treatment difference. Consistent results were obtained from a real data example. In conclusion, ANCOVA took best advantage of baseline measures to improve precision, and avoided bias in the widest set of circumstances with chance imbalance in those baseline measures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐dependent ROC analysis for a three‐class prognostic with application to kidney transplantation
Authors: Foucher Y. , Giral M. , Soulillou J. P. , Daures J. P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe medical decision‐making community has an extensive literature on the use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) graphs for diagnostic testing. Heagertybiet al. have recently developed this ROC curve theory within the context of survival data (Biometrics 2000; 56:337–344). The time‐dependent ROC method allows evaluating the accuracy of a marker to predict a time‐dependent failure, whereas the classic methodology focuses on diagnosis. One limitation to this approach, however, is to analyse a single failure. In many medical situations, a marker can be useful to predict different competitive failures. For example in kidney transplantation, the terminal evolution can be a return to dialysis or the death of the patient. With this application in mind, our paper proposes an extension of the time‐dependent ROC method for analysing the accuracy of a marker to predict two competitive events. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition and starch digestibility of whole grain bars containing maize or unripe banana flours
Authors: Utrilla‐Coello Rubí G. , Agama‐Acevedo Edith , Osorio‐Díaz Perla , Tovar Juscelino , Bello‐Pérez Luis A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe development of functional foods with low glycemic index and high levels of RS are of importance in the fight against the rapidly increasing rates of obesity and chronic diseases in modern societies. In this work, three cereal bars containing white maize, blue maize, or unripe banana flours were prepared. The proximal composition, in vitro starch digestibility and product acceptability were evaluated. The bar prepared with blue maize exhibited the highest level of protein and fat, and that containing white maize the highest dietary fiber and indigestible fraction contents. However, the product prepared with unripe banana flour showed the highest total and rapidly digestible starch levels, while that added with blue maize exhibited greater slowly digestible starch values. No difference in RS content was detected among the three bars. The starch hydrolysis indices and predicted glycemic indices of the three preparations were low (40–54% and 42–54%, respectively). Similar acceptation scores were recorded for the three experimental bars. Cereal bars with variable starch digestibility features and good acceptation by consumers may be prepared following the proper choice of functional ingredients.
Soil‐structure interaction effects on the fundamental periods of the shear‐wall dominant buildings
Authors: Balkaya Can , Yuksel S. Bahadir , Derinoz Okan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractShear‐wall dominant reinforced concrete buildings constructed with tunnel‐form technique are prevalently constructed in regions with high seismicity due to their ease of construction and inherent resistance to lateral forces. However, the current seismic codes and the design provisions constitute inadequate guidelines for the earthquake‐resistance design of these buildings. In particular, the prediction of their fundamental periods via current empirical expressions yields not only erroneous results, but also ignores soil‐structure interaction (SSI) effects. For the objective of understanding their dynamic characteristics, a series of eigen analyses is conducted with and without considering SSI effects. The soil effects on foundations are represented by linear translational and rotational winkler springs, and rigidities of the springs are computed from the foundation size and the uniform soil compressibility. An ensemble of 140 different shear‐wall dominant buildings with varying heights is simulated in three‐dimensions considering four different soil conditions. It is proven that the vibration periods and the mode shapes of the shear‐wall dominant buildings may change depending on the different soil conditions. Based on the results of the three dimensional finite element analyses, a set of new empirical equations was proposed to predict the fundamental periods of the shear‐wall dominant buildings accounting the SSI effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of cellular biochemical system kinetics
Authors: Beard Daniel A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe goal of realistically and reliably simulating the biochemical processes underlying cellular function is achievable through a systematic approach that makes use of the broadest possible amount of in vitro and in vivo data, and is consistent with all applicable physical chemical theories. Progress will be facilitated by establishing: (1) a concrete self‐consistent theoretical foundation for systems simulation; (2) extensive and accurate databases of thermodynamic properties of biochemical reactions; (3) parameterized and validated models of enzyme and transporter catalytic mechanisms that are consistent with physical chemical theoretical foundation; and (4) software tools for integrating all these concepts, data, and models into a cohesive representation of cellular biochemical systems. Ongoing initiatives are laying the groundwork for the broad‐based community cooperation that will be necessary to pursue these elements of a strategic infrastructure for systems simulation on a large scale. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 136–146 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.116This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models
Use of semantic technologies for the development of a dynamic trajectories generator in a Semantic Chemistry eLearning platform
Authors: Huber Richard , Hantelmann Kirsten , Todor Alexandru , Krebs Sebastian , Heese Ralf , Paschke Adrian 
Published: December 2010

AbstractChemgaPedia is a multimedia, webbased eLearning service platform that currently contains about 18.000 pages organized in 1.700 chapters covering the complete bachelor studies in chemistry and related topics of chemistry, pharmacy, and life sciences. The eLearning encyclopedia contains some 25.000 media objects and the eLearning platform provides services such as virtual and remote labs for experiments. With up to 350.000 users per month the platform is the most frequently used scientific educational service in the German spoken Internet. In this demo we show the benefit of mapping the static eLearning contents of ChemgaPedia to a Linked Data representation for Semantic Chemistry which allows for generating dynamic eLearning paths tailored to the semantic profiles of the users.
Modelling of the blood‐brain barrier transport of morphine‐3‐glucuronide studied using microdialysis in the rat: involvement of probenecid‐sensitive transport
Authors: Xie Rujia , Bouw M René , Hammarlund‐Udenaes Margareta 
Published: December 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of probenecid on the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) transport of morphine‐3‐glucuronide (M3G).Two groups of rats received an exponential infusion of M3G over 4 h to reach a target plasma concentration of 65 μMon two consecutive days. Probenecid was co‐administered in the treatment group on day 2. Microdialysis was used to estimate unbound M3G concentrations in brain extracellular fluid (ECF) and blood.In vivorecovery of M3G was calculated with retrodialysis by drug, preceding the drug administration. The BBB transport was modelled using NONMEM.In the probenecid group, the ratio of the steady‐state concentration of unbound M3G in brain ECF to that in blood was 0.08±0.02 in the absence and 0.16±0.05 in the presence of probenecid (P=0.001). In the control group, no significant difference was found in this ratio between the 2 days (0.11±0.05 and 0.10±0.02, respectively). The process that appears to be mainly influenced by probenecid is influx clearance into the brain (0.11 μl min−1 g‐brain−1vs0.17 μl min−1 g‐brain−1, in the absencevspresence of probenecid,P<0.001). The efflux clearance was 1.15 μl min−1 g‐brain−1. The half‐life of M3G was 81±25 min in brain ECFvs22±2 min in blood (P<0.0001). Blood pharmacokinetics was not influenced by probenecid.In conclusion, a probenecid‐sensitive transport system is involved in the transport of M3G across the BBB.British Journal of Pharmacology(2000)131, 1784–1792; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703759
Shackling the digital economy means less for everyone: the impact on the music industry
Authors: Andersen Birgitte 
Published: December 2010

Birgitte Andersen is Professor of the Economics and Management of Innovation in the School of Business, Economics and Informatics at Birkbeck College, University of London. She works on business innovation and technology policy, services dynamics and productivity, and the economics and management of intellectual property rights. She is a keen advocate of less exclusive intellectual property rights, and a smoother functioning of the market for intellectual property.
This proposition paper debates the policy measures designed to curb P2P file sharing on the Internet. In doing this, the paper challenges the Digital Economy Act, which passed through the UK Parliament on 8 April, and entered into force on 12 June 2010.
Polarity orientation of microtubules and its applications with motor proteins
Authors: Yokokawa Ryuji 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
We have studied integrations of micro/nano machining (MEMS/NEMS) technologies and biomaterials. One of our research directions is to utilize biomaterials in MEMS/NEMS to reveal new functions that could not be achieved by MEMS/NEMS alone. Here a motor protein system will be introduced as a nano actuator. The motility of kinesin and dynein motor proteins has been integrated with MEMS/NEMS or a microfluidic system. Since these motor proteins move on cytoskeletal filaments—microtubules (MTs)—depending on MT polarity, a key technology is to develop methods to orient MT polarities and then immobilize them. We have developed three methods to define MT polarities by (i) shared flow in a microfluidic channel, (ii) nanostructures and (iii) MEMS tweezers. Once MT polarities were oriented and fixed on a chip, they were ready to serve as rails for nano transport by kinesin and dynein motility. The motility was visualized by attaching cargos to motors, where the cargos were microbeads, silicon structures and quantum dots (Q-dots). This nano transport system can achieve a transport distance of up to ∼100 μm, which enables us to focus on the transport of molecules not on bulk molecular flow by conventional microfluidics. Such a bio-hybrid system will be a key factor in realizing nano-scale system integration at the molecular scale.
XAP5 CIRCADIAN TIMEKEEPER Regulates Ethylene Responses in Aerial Tissues of Arabidopsis
Authors: Ellison Cory T. , Vandenbussche Filip , Van Der Straeten Dominique , Harmer Stacey L. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The phytohormone ethylene differentially regulates plant architecture and growth in both a light- and nutrient-dependent fashion. The modulation of plant development by ethylene in response to both external and internal signals can also generate tissue-specific differential responses. Here, we report that XAP5 CIRCADIAN TIMEKEEPER (XCT) is involved in blue light-dependent ethylene responses in the aerial tissues of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. XCT was first identified as a circadian clock mutant with a short free-running period. The xct mutation also causes sugar-specific hypocotyl growth defects, in which mutants are short in blue light when grown on a sucrose-rich medium but tall when grown on sucrose-deficient medium. Our data suggest that the hypocotyl defects in blue light are not directly caused by defects in clock or light signaling but rather by enhanced ethylene responses. In blue light, xct mutants have a more active ethylene response pathway and exhibit growth phenotypes similar to the constitutive ethylene signaling mutant constitutive triple response1 (ctr1). xct mutants also have reduced ethylene emission, analogous to plants that have lost CTR1 function. Genetic analysis suggests that XCT negatively regulates ethylene responses downstream of ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 in aerial tissues. However, XCT is not required for all ethylene-mediated processes, such as the inhibition of root growth. Thus, XCT acts downstream of a major transcriptional regulator in an organ-specific manner, playing an environment-dependent role in the regulation of plant growth.