bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferon-γ plays a role in bone formation in vivo and rescues osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice
Authors: Duque Gustavo , Huang Dao Chao , Dion Natalie , Macoritto Michael , Rivas Daniel , Li Wei , Yang Xian Fang , Li Jiarong , Lian Jing , Marino Faleh Tamim , Barralet Jake , Lascau Viorica , Deschênes Claire , Ste-Marie Louis-Georges , Kremer Richard 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Interferon γ (IFN-γ) is a cytokine produced locally in the bone microenvironment by cells of immune origin as well as mesenchymal stem cells. However, its role in normal bone remodeling is still poorly understood. In this study we first examined the consequences of IFN-γ ablation in vivo in C57BL/6 mice expressing the IFN-γ receptor knockout phenotype (IFNγR1−/−). Compared with their wild-type littermates (IFNγR1+/+), IFNγR1−/− mice exhibit a reduction in bone volume associated with significant changes in cortical and trabecular structural parameters characteristic of an osteoporotic phenotype. Bone histomorphometry of IFNγR1−/− mice showed a low-bone-turnover pattern with a decrease in bone formation, a significant reduction in osteoblast and osteoclast numbers, and a reduction in circulating levels of bone-formation and bone-resorption markers. Furthermore, administration of IFN-γ (2000 and 10,000 units) to wild-type C57BL/6 sham-operated (SHAM) and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice significantly improved bone mass and microarchitecture, mechanical properties of bone, and the ratio between bone formation and bone resorption in SHAM mice and rescued osteoporosis in OVX mice. These data therefore support an important physiologic role for IFN-γ signaling as a potential new anabolic therapeutic target for osteoporosis. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The effectiveness of a trauma focused spiritually integrated intervention for veterans exposed to trauma
Authors: Harris J. Irene , Erbes Christopher R. , Engdahl Brian E. , Thuras Paul , Murray‐Swank Nichole , Grace Dixie , Ogden Henry , Olson Raymond H.A. , Winskowski Ann Marie , Bacon Russ , Malec Catherine , Campion Kelsey , Le TuVan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBuilding Spiritual Strength (BSS) is an 8‐session, spiritually integrated group intervention designed to address religious strain and enhance religious meaning making for military trauma survivors. It is based upon empirical research on the relationship between spirituality and adjustment to trauma. To assess the intervention's effectiveness, veterans with histories of trauma who volunteered for the study were randomly assigned to a BSS group (n = 26) or a wait‐list control group (n = 28). BSS participants showed statistically significant reductions in PTSD symptoms based on self‐report measures as compared with those in a wait‐list control condition. Further research on spiritually integrated interventions for trauma survivors is warranted. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–14, 2011.
Advantages of modal decomposition for efficient scaling of parallel FDTD computations
Authors: Gorodetsky Dmitry A. , Wilsey Philip A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWhen a scheme such as FDTD is used to perform full‐wave electromagnetic simulation of electrically large objects, it can result in excessive computation times. Parallel processing is one means to reduce the computation time. A shortcoming of the parallel approach is the communication overhead that is responsible for reduced speedup efficiency but inevitable at every time step. An alternative to reduce the communication is to look at FDTD from the modal analysis point of view. With modal analysis we can gain some very useful insights into the operation of the algorithm, which we pay for with a relatively expensive setup time. We consider parallelizing the modal analysis algorithm with transient and steady‐state excitation scenarios. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orbital imprint on Holocene palaeohydrological variations in west‐central Europe as reflected by lake‐level changes at Cerin (Jura Mountains, eastern France)
Authors: Magny Michel , Bossuet Gilles , Ruffaldi Pascale , Leroux Aurélie , Mouthon Jacques 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a lake‐level record for the Holocene at Lake Cerin (Jura Mountains, eastern France). It is based on a range of sedimentological techniques validated in previous studies, with a combination of systematic lithostratigraphic investigations of the infillings accumulated in the lacustrine basin, and sediment analyses of two selected cores. The chronology is based on 10 radiocarbon dates and pollen stratigraphy. On a millennial scale, the Cerin lake‐level record shows three distinct successive phases characterised by higher lake‐level conditions until ca. 9000 cal. a BP, followed by a maximal lowering at ca. 9000–8500 cal. a BP, and a progressive rise until the present. This rise was punctuated by centennial‐scale fluctuations, with major events around 4000, 2800 and after 1500 cal. a BP. Considered on a multimillennial scale, the general pattern of palaeohydrological changes reconstructed at Cerin reflects the impact of orbitally driven summer insolation. This is in agreement with other regional and extra‐regional palaeoclimatic records, although every record shows peculiarities in timing and shape depending on the proxy used for reconstruction. In this general context, centennial to multicentennial oscillations appear to have been second‐order events in comparison with the major influence of the orbital factor. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holocene sea‐level reconstruction in the Young Sound region, Northeast Greenland
Authors: Pedersen Jørn Bjarke Torp , Kroon Aart , Jakobsen Bjarne Holm 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA relative sea‐level curve over the Holocene is constructed for the Young Sound region in northeastern Greenland. The reconstruction is derived by dating the heights of raised beach ridges in coastal plains using optically stimulated luminiscence (OSL), and by dating palaeoterrestrial surface levels now buried beneath the intertidal frame using the14C technique. The relative sea‐level curve reveals a rapid fall of at least 10 mm a−1from ca. 9500 to 7500 a ago, which slowed to 2 mm a−1until it reached the present sea level ca. 3000 a ago. This part of the curve is based on the raised beach ridge data. Thereafter, relative sea level continued to fall, to reach a minimum level at about 0.5 m below the present sea level ca. 2300 a ago. Since then, relative sea level has experienced a slow rise of about 0.2 mm a−1. This part of the curve uses the data from the palaeoterrestrial surfaces. The study supplements other estimates of Holocene relative sea‐level changes and supports the observations of a decreasing trend in the timing of the cross point and in minimum relative sea level from South to North Greenland. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glaciers and climate in Pacific Far NE Russia during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Barr Iestyn D. , Clark Chris D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA combined geomorphological–physical model approach is used to generate three‐dimensional reconstructions of glaciers in Pacific Far NE Russia during the global Last glacial Maximum (gLGM). The horizontal dimensions of these ice masses are delineated by moraines, their surface elevations are estimated using an iterative flowline model and temporal constraints upon their margins are derived from published age estimates. The equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) of these ice masses are estimated, and gLGM climate is reconstructed using a simple degree–day melt model. The results indicate that, during the gLGM, ice masses occupying the Pekulney, Kankaren and Sredinny mountains of Pacific Far NE Russia were of valley glacier and ice field type. These glaciers were between 7 and 80 km in length, and were considerably less extensive than during pre‐LGM phases of advance. gLGM ice masses in these regions had ELAs of between 575 ± 22 m and 1035 ± 41 m (above sea level) – corresponding to an ELA depression of 350–740 m, relative to present. Data indicate that, in the Pekulney Mountains, this ELA depression occurred because of a 6.4°C reduction in mean July temperature, and 200 mm a−1 reduction in precipitation, relative to present. Thus reconstructions support a restricted view of gLGM glaciation in Pacific Far NE Russia and indicate that the region's aridity precluded the development of large continental ice sheets. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can lymphatic drainage of head and neck melanoma be predicted?
Authors: Jensen Jesse D. , Gray Richard J. , Wasif Nabil , Roarke Michael C. , Casey William J. , Kreymerman Peter , Pockaj Barbara A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe lymphatic drainage patterns of the head and neck (H&N) is complex. Therefore, identification of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) for H&N melanoma can be challenging.MethodsRetrospective review of a prospectively collected melanoma database, from February 1997 through October 2008, identified 137 patients with H&N melanoma. All underwent pre‐operative lymphoscintigraphy, and after 2007, patients underwent single photon emission computed tomography combined with computed tomography (SPECT/CT).ResultsThe mean number of SLNs per patient was 2.6. An SLN was successfully identified in 97% of patients, and in 9%, the SLN was positive for metastatic disease. The majority of patients (88%) drained to a unilateral level. Bilateral drainage occurred in 10%, with only two patients draining outside of the neck. The majority of patients (58%) had an SLN in level IIa (jugulodigastric lymph nodes). The regional recurrence rate was 4%, which all occurred prior to the use of SPECT/CT.DiscussionUtilization of SPECT/CT and knowledge of common lymphatic drainage patterns in neck lymph node levels can assist the surgeon in properly locating and excising the SLN with minimal morbidity, limiting unnecessary dissections, as well as reducing false negative results. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:751–755. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinctive effects of plant protein sources on renal disease progression and associated cardiac hypertrophy in experimental kidney disease
Authors: Aukema Harold M. , Gauthier Joy , Roy Manon , Jia Yong , Li Huan , Aluko Rotimi E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractScope: Dietary soy protein reduces renal disease progression in a number of renal diseases, suggesting that plant compared with animal proteins may be renoprotective. The inclusion of other plant protein sources could enhance compliance of intervention diets, but the effects of other plant protein sources are not known.Methods and results: Weanling Han:SPRD‐cy rats with experimental polycystic kidney disease were given hemp‐, pea‐ and soy protein‐based diets compared with the standard AIN 93G diet with casein as the protein source. Kidneys from diseased rats given diets which contained soy or hemp protein compared with casein‐based diets were less enlarged, had lower fluid content, smaller cyst volumes, less fibrosis, lower chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) levels and normalized serum creatinine levels. Soy and hemp protein diets also normalized heart size, which was enlarged in diseased compared with normal rats consuming casein. Kidneys from diseased rats given pea protein compared with casein were more enlarged and had higher fluid content and cyst volumes, despite growing better and having lower serum creatinine and renal chemokine receptor 2 levels, and similar levels of renal fibrosis.Conclusion: Not all plant proteins are equally protective in experimental kidney disease and associated cardiac hypertrophy.
Quantitative proton MR spectroscopic imaging of the human brain
Authors: Soher Brian J. , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Duyn Jeffrey H. , Barker Peter B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMultislice proton MR spectroscopic images (SI) of the brain were quantitated, using the phantom replacement technique. In 16 normal volunteers, ranging in age from 5 to 74 years, average “whole brain” concentrations of choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) were found to be 2.4 ± 0.4, 7.9 ± 1.3, and 11.8 ± 1.0 (mM, mean ± SD), respectively. These values are in good general agreement with those previously determined by single‐voxel localization techniques. Cortical gray matter was found to have lower Cho and NAA levels, compared to those of white matter, corpus callosum, and basal ganglia. Cho was also found to increase significantly with age in several locations. Quantitative multislice proton SI is feasible in the clinical environment, and regional and age‐dependent variations occur that must be accounted for when evaluating spectra from pathological conditions.
New method for contrast manipulation in DNP‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Planinšič Gorazd , Grucker Daniel , Stepišnik Janez 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe magnetization subtraction technique (MS), which is equivalent to the inversion recovery technique in strong magnetic fields, has been implemented in dynamic nuclear polarization‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DNPI). The general theoretical basis of the MS method, which can be applied to DNPI or to prepolarized MRI in weak magnetic fields (such as Earth's magnetic field), is introduced. Details are provided about the signal amplitude, dynamic range of the method, and conditions required to observe signal void in samples with specific T1 relaxation times. The experimental results obtained with MS DNPI are presented and discussed. In the experiments, electron spin resonance irradiation frequencies of 199 MHz and 16.2 MHz were employed. Also, T1 contrast manipulation in the polarizing and in the detection magnetic field is discussed and demonstrated for MS DNPI.
Encoding of anisotropic diffusion with tetrahedral gradients: A general mathematical diffusion formalism and experimental results
Authors: Conturo Thomas E. , McKinstry Robert C. , Akbudak Erbil , Robinson Bruce H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA diffusion imaging method with a tetrahedral sampling pattern has been developed for high‐sensitivity diffusion analysis. The tetrahedral gradient pattern consists of four different combinations of x, y, and z gradients applied simultaneously at full strength to uniformly measure diffusion in four different directions. Signal‐to‐noise can be increased by up to a factor of about three using this approach, compared with diffusion measurements made using separately applied x, y, and z gradients. A mathematical formalism is presented describing six fundamental parameters: the directionally averaged diffusion coefficient D and diffusion element anisotropies η and ε which are rotationally invariant, and diffusion ellipsoid orientation angles θ, ϕ, and Ψ which are rotationally variant. These six parameters contain all the information in the symmetric diffusion tensor D. Principal diffusion coefficients, reduced anisotropies, and other rotational invariants are further defined. It is shown that measurement of off‐diagonal tensor elements is essential to assess anisotropy and orientation, and that the only parameter which can be measured with the orthogonal method is D. In cases of axial diffusion symmetry (e.g., fibers), the four tetrahedral diffusion measurements efficiently enable determination of D, η, θ, and ϕ which contain all the diffusion information. From these four parameters, the diffusion parallel and perpendicular to the symmetry axis (D1 and D1) and the axial anisotropy A can be determined. In more general cases, the six fundamental parameters can be determined with two additional diffusion measurements. Tetrahedral diffusion sequences were implemented on a clinical MR system. A muscle phantom demonstrates orientation independence of D, D1, D1, and A for large changes in orientation angles. Sample background gradients and diffusion gradient imbalances were directly measured and found to be insignificant in most cases.
Multiple breathhold 3D time‐of‐flight MR angiography of the renal arteries
Authors: Wilman Alan H. , Riederer Stephen J. , Grimm Roger C. , Rossman Phillip J. , Wang Yi , King Bernard F. , Ehman Richard L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA technique is described for angiographic imaging of the renal arteries with acquisition performed over several periods of suspended respiration. The 3D Fourier transform (FT) gradient‐echo angiographic sequence uses magnetization preparation and appropriately chosen delay times for background nulling and time‐of‐flight enhancement of the vasculature. The sequence was applied to 10 volunteers, each of whom was imaged in three ways: (i) over a series of breathholds in which feedback was provided to enable reproducible breath‐holding; (ii) over a series of breathholds with no feedback; and (iii) over continuous respiration. Results were evaluated by measuring the transverse extent of the well‐delineated renal vasculature and by noting the distal extent of the vasculature branching (main, segmental, and interlobar branches). The transverse extent of renal vasculature visible with breathhold feedback, breathholding, and free breathing was 6.1 ± 0.9 cm, 5.0 ±1.8 cm, and 4.0 ±1.4 cm, respectively (mean ± SD). Breathhold feedback enabled visualization of segmental renal arteries bilaterally in all 10 volunteers.
Brain alcohol detectability increase with repeated administration in humans: A proton spectroscopy study
Authors: Kaufman Marc J. , Chiu Tak‐Ming , Mendelson Jack H. , Woods Bryan T. , Teoh Siew K. , Erös‐Sarnyai Monika , Mercer Greg , Mello Nancy K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractProton MRS was used to detect brain alcohol after repeated alcohol exposure in human subjects. MRS detectability measurements were made after administration of an alcoholic drink (0.6 g/kg alcohol) and after an identical drink administered 6 h later. Between‐drink differences in the methyl proton triplet resonance of ethyl alcohol were assessed at statistically equivalent and near‐peak blood alcohol concentrations (reflecting brain alcohol concentrations) and statistically equivalent internal standard N‐acetyl resonance areas after Drinks 1 and 2, respectively. Brain alcohol detectability was not altered in TE 30‐ms spectra but was increased in all five subjects after Drink 2 by an average of 70% in TE 270‐ms spectra (P < 0.01). This was accompanied by significant between‐drink differences in subjective ratings of alcohol's effects, suggestive of induction of acute alcohol tolerance. These findings suggest increased brain alcohol detectability in TE 270‐ms spectra after repeated alcohol exposure that may reflect acute alcohol tolerance.
Application of 31P NMR spectroscopy to monitor chemotherapy‐associated changes of serum phospholipids in patients with malignant lymphomas
Authors: Kuliszkiewicz‐Janus Małgorzata , Baczyński Stanisław 
Published: February 2011

Abstract31P spectra were obtained from 22 healthy volunteers and 35 patients with malignant lymphomas. Sera from patients were collected at the time of diagnosis and at several time‐points during therapy. Long‐term follow‐up studies showed a good correlation between the 31P NMR spectra of sera and the clinically evident response of the disease to the chemotherapy. During therapy leading to remission resonance from phospholipids increased progressively resulting in spectra similar to those seen in normal sera. By contrast, in patients who did not respond to therapy the intensities of the phospholipid peaks remained relatively low or became progressively reduced as the disease progressed. To understand the source of the spectral differences, we also examined the concentrations of high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, cholesterol, and triglycerides. In individuals responding to the treatment, both high‐density lipoprotein and cholesterol increased to the point where they were statistically equivalent to those from healthy volunteers.
Fast proton spectroscopic imaging employing k‐space weighting achieved by variable repetition times
Authors: Kühn Bernd , Dreher Wolfgang , Norris David G. , Leibfritz Dieter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA k‐space weighted spectroscopic imaging (SI) method is presented that allows a reduction in the total data acquisition time by up to 55% compared with standard SI. The k‐space weighting is achieved by varying the repetition time, thus realizing an inherent apodization that corresponds to a circularly symmetric generalized Hamming filter. The flip angle is varied with the repetition time to enhance the signal‐to‐noise ratio. These techniques were employed using a short echo time of 10 ms. In vivo measurements on healthy rat brain at 4.7 T were conducted, obtaining two‐dimensional spectroscopic imaging data from a 25 × 25 circularly reduced k‐space area in as little as 5 min. The signal‐to‐noise ratio is sufficiently high to detect J‐coupled resonances such as myo‐inositol or glutamate/glutamine, demonstrating the ability to combine short acquisition times with comprehensive metabolic information. The T1 dependency of the apodization and the corresponding point spread function was evaluated by computer simulations. The achievable signal‐to‐noise ratio per unit time was compared with standard SI giving a parameter‐dependent advantage of approximately 20% of the standard SI method.
Simultaneous localized 1H STEAM/31P ISIS spectroscopy in Vivo
Authors: van Sluis Robert , Yongbi Ngong M. , Payne Geoffrey S. , Leach Martin O. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA sequence for simultaneous acquisition of 1H STEAM and 31P ISIS spectra is described, and 1H and 31P spectra obtained simultaneously from the same volume of interest in both a phantom and a volunteer are presented. The STEAM and ISIS parts of the sequence use a common gradient scheme that is also used during the localized shimming process, partially compensating for eddy current effects. It is demonstrated that this method of simultaneous multinuclear spectroscopy does not compromise the localization performance of the sequence.
Fourier tracking of myocardial motion using cine‐PC data
Authors: Zhu Yudong , Drangova Maria , Pelc Norbert J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA closed‐form integration method is derived and analyzed for computing motion trajectories from velocity field data, particularly as measured by phase contrast (PC) cine MR imaging. By modeling periodic motion as composed of Fourier harmonics and integrating the material velocity of the tracked point in the frequency domain, this method gives an unbiased trajectory estimate in the presence of white measurement noise and eddy current effects. When applied to cine PC data, the method can incorporate compensation for the frequency response of the cine interpolation, offering a further improvement on the tracking accuracy. In simulation and phantom studies, the estimated trajectories were in excellent agreement with the true trajectories. Encouraging results have also been obtained on data from volunteers.
31P NMR measurements of the effects of unsaturated fatty acids on cellular phospholipid metabolism
Authors: Gillham Helen , Brindle Kevin M. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract31P NMR measurements on extracts prepared from a variety of cultured mammalian cell lines and primary rat hepatocytes have shown changes in the levels of several phospholipid metabolites after incubation of cells with unsaturated fatty acids. These data suggest a possible link between the accumulation of neutral lipid and the changes in phospholipid metabolite concentrations that have been observed in some tumor cells and other rapidly growing tissues such as the regenerating liver and mitogen‐stimulated lymphocytes.