bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical management of pulmonary artery sling: Trachea diameter and outcomes with or without tracheoplasty
Authors: Huang Shu‐Chien , Wu En‐Ting , Wang Ching‐Chia , Chen Shyh‐Jye , Chen Yih‐Sharng , Chang Chung‐I , Chiu Ing‐Sh , Wang Shoei‐Shen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectivesPulmonary artery sling is frequently associated with tracheal and/or bronchial stenosis. A number of patients receive only re‐implantation or relocation of the left pulmonary artery (LPA) while other patients may require tracheoplasty for stenosis of the airway. This study used computer tomography (CT) scans for the evaluation of airways and to evaluate the trachea diameter and the clinical outcomes with or without tracheoplasty.MethodsA total of 15 patients with PA sling who received CT scans were included in this study. We reviewed the clinical outcomes and the severity of trachea stenosis, and evaluated various surgical strategies.ResultsAmong the 15 patients, one received only conservative treatment, 14 (93%) patients received LPA re‐implantation, and eight (53%) received tracheoplasty. For the eight patients that received LPA reimplantation and tracheoplasty, five received slide tracheoplasty and all survived, two patients had pericardial patch augmentation and both died, and one patient received a resection and end‐to‐end anastomosis and survived. The diameter of the trachea in survivors without tracheoplasty was significantly larger than those who died or received tracheoplasty (3.2 ± 0.3 mm vs. 2.2 ± 0.4 mm, P = 0.003). Establishing 3.0 mm as the threshold, the positive predictive value for tracheoplasty or mortality was 89% and the negative predictive value was 83%.ConclusionsIn this study cohort, approximately 60% of the patients with PA sling received tracheoplasty. A diameter of the trachea <3 mm is associated with the use of tracheoplasty or poor outcomes. Slide tracheoplasty provided acceptable good results. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:903–908. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mathieu Moonshine and symmetries of K3 σ‐models
Authors: Volpato R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA recent observation by Eguchi, Ooguri and Tachikawa (EOT) suggests a relationship between the largest Mathieu group 𝕄24 and the elliptic genus of K3. This correspondence would be naturally explained by the existence of a non‐linear σ‐model on K3 with the Mathieu group as its group of symmetries. However, all possible symmetry groups of K3 models have been recently classified and none of them contains 𝕄24. We review the evidence in favour of the EOT conjecture and discuss the open problems in its physical interpretation.
Asymptotically Schrödinger space‐times
Authors: Hartong J. , Rollier B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe first review how asymptotically Schrödinger space‐times arise in a natural way by performing a TsT transformation on asymptotically AdS space‐times and some of its consequences. We then give a coordinate independent definition of a pure Schrödinger space‐time in terms of an AdS metric and an AdS null Killing vector. Furthermore, by analogy with the AdS case, we provide a local coordinate independent definition of a Schrödinger boundary in terms of a defining function. Finally this directly leads us to the construction of a Fefferman‐Graham expansion for locally Schrödinger space‐times.
The manageable formation of the gradient‐layered polymer/fullerene blend films via the addition of bathocuproine and their applications in organic solar cells
Authors: Qin Dashan , Quan Wei , Liu Jinsuo , Li Guifang , Chen Lei , Zhang Jidong , Yan Donghang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report the manageable formation of the gradient‐layered poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and [6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM) blend film by spin coating via introducing bathocuproine (BCP) into the mixed P3HT/PCBM solution. The BCP can improve the aggregation and thereby the preferential precipitation of PCBM during the spin‐coating process, leading to the gradient‐layered phase separation of P3HT and PCBM. The regular solar cells using the gradient‐layered ternary blend films gave poor photovoltaic performance, due to the mismatch between the polarity of the regular‐device structure and the vertical composition profile of the ternary blend film. By contrast, in the inverted solar cell, the gradient‐layered ternary blend film could provide the increased device performance over the conventional bulk heterojunction binary blend films.
Rich variety in the ground states of [Pd(dmit)2]2 salts, and the methodology for analysing intra‐dimer interactions, inter‐dimer interactions and MO levels
Authors: Yamamoto Takashi , Nakazawa Yasuhiro , Tamura Masafumi , Yakushi Kyuya , Kato Reizo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA group of [Pd(dmit)2]2 salts, whose two‐dimensional structures take (pesudo‐) triangular lattice, has a diversity in the ground states. In order to investigate the ground states, we have developed the methodology for analysing subtle changes in the inter‐molecular interactions and MO level using the vibrational and electronic spectroscopy. This methodology is applied to several [Pd(dmit)2]2 salts. We have found some relationships between the ground states and the inter‐dimer and intra‐dimer interactions under HOMO–LUMO inversion.
Is there a common theme behind the correlated‐electron superconductivity in organic charge‐transfer solids, cobaltates, spinels, and fullerides?
Authors: Mazumdar Sumit , Clay R. Torsten 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe posit that there exist deep and fundamental relationships between the above seemingly very different materials. The carrier concentration‐dependences of the electronic behavior in the conducting organic charge‐transfer solids and layered cobaltates are very similar. These dependences can be explained within a single theoretical model, the extended Hubbard Hamiltonian with significant nearest neighbor Coulomb repulsion. Interestingly, superconductivity in the cobaltates seems to be restricted to bandfilling exactly or close to one‐quarter, as in the organics. We show that dynamic Jahn–Teller effects and the resultant orbital ordering can lead to 1/4‐filled band descriptions for both superconducting spinels and fullerides, which show evidence for both strong electron–electron and electron–phonon interactions. The orbital orderings in antiferromagnetic lattice‐expanded bcc M3C60 and the superconductor are different in our model. Strong correlations, quarter‐filled band and lattice frustration are the common characteristics shared by these unusual superconductors.
Magnetic fluctuations above the Néel temperature in κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Cl, a quasi‐2D Heisenberg antiferromagnet with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
Authors: Antal Ágnes , Fehér Titusz , Náfrádi Bálint , Forró László , Jánossy András 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report on magnetic fluctuations studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in the layered organic crystal κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Cl. A line broadening above the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature, TN = 23 K is attributed to two‐dimensional magnetic fluctuations of a staggered magnetization induced by the interplay of the magnetic field and the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction.
Robust half‐metallicity of AlCoN and AlNiN
Authors: Arif S. , Ahmad Iftikhar , Amin B. , Maqbool M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTheoretical investigations of Al1‐xCoxN and Al1‐xNixN (x = 0.25) in the zinc blende phase are presented. The robustness of half metallicity of these compounds with correlation to their lattice compressions is discussed. The results show that both compounds retain their half‐metallic nature (conductor for spin up state and semiconductor for spin down state) with their lattice compressions up to certain critical lattice constants. Abrupt changes in the electronic and magnetic properties are observed at these robust transition lattice constants (RTLCs). These compounds lose their integer magnetic moments of 4μβ for Al1‐xCoxN and 3 μβ for Al1‐xNixN at RTLCs. The calculated RTLC for Al0.75Co0.25N is 4.4 Å and for Al0.75Ni0.25N is 4.2 Å. The possible compression in the lattice constants from their relaxed states while maintaining their half‐metallic nature is up to 4% for both compounds. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generation of mineral density distribution maps from subject‐specific models of mandibles – a preliminary study
Authors: Alister Francisco , Ramos‐Grez Jorge Andrés , Vargas Alex Patricio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundDetermination of the mineral content of bone and its distribution by computed tomography (CT) enables one to define the insertion points for prosthetic devices, or determine the degree of healing in cases of fracture or surgical intervention. The use of subject‐specific models allows mapping of the spatial structure and the mineral content of the bone graphically and quantitatively.MethodsSubject‐specific models and mineral density maps from pig jaws were developed using segmentation, transcription tools and finite element analysis software. This study considered six frozen heads from pigs aged 10–12 months, and phantom solutions of K2HPO4. The predicted bone mass of each jaw was compared with its respective ash mass after incineration.ResultsThe tridimensional maps show highest density values at the molar cusp and within the symphysis. The average percentage error relative to the mineral density maps was −18.4%. The radiation dose was reduced by a factor of eight from the recommended maximum without compromising the precision of the models.ConclusionsThe computed tridimensional mineral density maps illustrate, numerically and graphically, the spatial distribution of the density field within the mandibular bone. These maps could facilitate the location of insertion points or determine the evolution of the mineralization level of a patient's bone tissue. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flagging clinical adverse experiences: reducing false discoveries without materially compromising power for detecting true signals
Authors: Mehrotra Devan V. , Adewale Adeniyi J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractComparative analyses of safety/tolerability data from a typical phase III randomized clinical trial generate multiple p‐values associated with adverse experiences (AEs) across several body systems. A common approach is to ‘flag’ any AE with a p‐value less than or equal to 0.05, ignoring the multiplicity problem. Despite the fact that this approach can result in excessive false discoveries (false positives), many researchers avoid a multiplicity adjustment to curtail the risk of missing true safety signals. We propose a new flagging mechanism that significantly lowers the false discovery rate (FDR) without materially compromising the power for detecting true signals, relative to the common no‐adjustment approach. Our simple two‐step procedure is an enhancement of the Mehrotra–Heyse–Tukey approach that leverages the natural grouping of AEs by body systems. We use simulations to show that, on the basis of FDR and power, our procedure is an attractive alternative to the following: (i) the no‐adjustment approach; (ii) a one‐step FDR approach that ignores the grouping of AEs by body systems; and (iii) a recently proposed two‐step FDR approach for much larger‐scale settings such as genome‐wide association studies. We use three clinical trial examples for illustration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A restricted mixture model for dietary pattern analysis in small samples
Authors: Rita Gaio A. , Costa Joaquim Pinto da , Santos Ana Cristina , Ramos Elisabete , Lopes Carla 
Published: March 2012

Multivariate finite mixture models have been applied to the identification of dietary patterns. These models are known to have many parameters, and consequently large samples are usually required. We present a special case of a multivariate mixture model that reduces the number of parameters to be estimated and seems adequate for small to moderately sized samples.We illustrate our approach with an analysis of Portuguese data from a food‐frequency questionnaire and with a simulation study. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Evolution During Deformation of Fe–Mn–C TWIP Steel
Authors: Zhenli Mi , Di Tang , Aimin Zhao , Haitao Jiang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe mechanical and deformation microstructure properties of the Fe–Mn–C TWIP steel was investigated by means of tensile experiment, in situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).The results showed that the sample has excellent mechanical with tensile strength of the steel is about 1140 MPa and the yield strength is higher than 480 MPa, while the elongation is above 57%, the true stress–strain curve from tension tests exhibited repeated serrations and its strain‐hardening rate is constantly changing. It is found that there were different deformation mechanisms at different deformation stages result in the unique true stress–strain curve. Dislocation slip dominated the initial deformation and with the accumulation of deformation stress concentration reached the twin shear stress resulting in twin shear, which lead to TWIP effect. As the strain capacity increased continually, the parallel twins can no longer rotate and shear deformation occurred, which lead to the forming of shear bands. The intercoordination of slip deformation, twin deformation, and shear deformation mechanism make the TWIP steel show high strength and high plasticity.
Human Embryonic Stem Cells Exhibit Increased Propensity to Differentiate During the G1 Phase Prior to Phosphorylation of Retinoblastoma Protein
Authors: Sela Yogev , Molotski Natali , Golan Saar , Itskovitz-Eldor Joseph , Soen Yoav 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
While experimentally induced arrest of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in G1 has been shown to stimulate differentiation, it remains unclear whether the unperturbed G1 phase in hESCs is causally related to differentiation. Here, we use centrifugal elutriation to isolate and investigate differentiation propensities of hESCs in different phases of their cell cycle. We found that isolated G1 cells exhibit higher differentiation propensity compared with S and G2 cells, and they differentiate at low cell densities even under self-renewing conditions. This differentiation of G1 cells was partially prevented in dense cultures of these cells and completely abrogated in coculture with S and G2 cells. However, coculturing without cell-to-cell contact did not rescue the differentiation of G1 cells. Finally, we show that the subset of G1 hESCs with reduced phosphorylation of retinoblastoma has the highest propensity to differentiate and that the differentiation is preceded by cell cycle arrest. These results provide direct evidence for increased propensity of hESCs to differentiate in G1 and suggest a role for neighboring cells in preventing differentiation of hESCs as they pass through a differentiation sensitive, G1 phase.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Non‐uniform velocity distribution effect on the Betz–Joukowsky limit
Authors: Chamorro Leonardo P. , A Arndt R.E. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTA simple analytic correction is derived for the maximum efficiency of an ideal wind turbine rotor, the Betz–Joukowsky limit. The analytic correction accounts for the effect that the non‐uniform atmospheric boundary layer velocity distribution has on the Betz–Joukowsky derivation. The maximum power coefficient predicted by using the atmospheric boundary layer velocity profile is slightly higher than that predicted by using a uniform velocity distribution. The application of the correction to a 100 m rotor diameter at 80 m hub height in a neutrally stratified boundary layer flow predicts a maximum power increase of 1–2%, depending on the approach terrain. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early Experience for the Robotic Duodenum‐preserving Pancreatic Head Resection
Authors: Peng Cheng‐Hong , Shen Bai‐Yong , Deng Xia‐Xing , Zhan Qian , Han Bo , Li Hong‐Wei 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe duodenum‐preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) has been accepted as a valid surgical alternative to more extensive standard resections for the treatment of benign and low malignant tumors at the head of the pancreas. In this article, a new minimally invasive operation, the robot‐assisted laparoscopic technique, is introduced for this procedure.MethodsFrom March 2010 to Dec 2010, four patients (three women and one man), with a mean age of 42.3 years (range: 21–62 years), underwent robot‐assisted laparoscopic DPPHR at the Hepato‐Bilio‐Pancreatic Surgical Department of Rui Jin Hospital in Shanghai, China. The preoperative symptoms include two cases of repeated upper abdominal pain, one case with no obvious preoperative symptoms, and one case of repeated hypoglycemia. The da Vinci Surgical System was used to perform the main steps of the operation. All patients underwent a pancreaticogastrostomy for pancreaticoenteric reconstruction to the distal stump.ResultsAll four surgeries were successfully performed. There were no deaths. The mean operative time was 298.8 (270–335) min, average blood loss was 425 ml (range: 100–600 ml). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 26.8 days (range: 20–30 days). The one patient with an islet cell tumor has had normal blood glucose levels since the operation, and the other three patients have had no hyperglycemia. Three of the patients developed a pancreatic fistula that was cured by conservative treatment.ConclusionsThe robotic surgical system is technically fully capable of performing the complex DPPHR procedure with an acceptable range of surgical complications. It breaks through the bottleneck of the traditional laparoscopic technology and expands the range of its applications. However, this new technology is still at an exploratory stage, and the long‐term effect remains to be validated by additional clinical data.
Underutilization of Genetics Services for Autism: The Importance of Parental Awareness and Provider Recommendation
Authors: Vande Wydeven Kimberly , Kwan Andrea , Hardan Antonio Y. , Bernstein Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractReasons for the underutilization of genetics services by families of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are not well understood. We report the identification of factors associated with this underuse. Survey‐based study of parents and/or guardians of children with ASD. One hundred fifty‐five families completed the questionnaire. Thirty‐one of 155 (20%) children had seen a genetics professional. Forty‐nine of 154 (32%) children had undergone genetic testing. Parents whose child saw a genetics professional were more likely to 1) Have a primary provider refer for or suggest a genetics evaluation 2) Have asked for a referral, and/or 3) Know another person with a genetic cause of ASD. amilies of children with ASD who have not received genetics services are less aware of their availability and utility. They are also less likely to have their provider recommend a clinical genetics evaluation. Efforts should be taken to increase awareness of both health providers and parents regarding the usefulness of genetics services for ASD.
The Adsorption Layer in the System: Carboxymethylcellulose/Surfactants/NaCl/MnO2
Authors: Grządka Elżbieta 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe influence of surfactants (anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate, and nonionic tert‐octylphenol ethoxylate with 9.5EO) and their mixtures on the adsorption of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in the presence of 0.001 M NaCl on the manganese dioxide surface (MnO2) was studied. The increase in CMC adsorption was observed in all measured systems in the presence of surfactants. The reason for this is the formation of complexes between polymer macromolecules and surfactants. Moreover, the dependence between the amount of surfactants adsorption and the CMC initial concentration was also studied. It proves that surfactant adsorption does not depend on the initial concentration of CMC. Another observation is that the increase in pH caused the decrease in CMC adsorption. The explanation of this phenomenon is connected with the influence of pH on the dissociation degree of the polyelectrolyte, kind and concentration of the surface active groups of the adsorbent. To characterize the compact and diffuse adsorption layer the surface charge density and the zeta potential of MnO2 in the presence of CMC and surfactants were measured. The surface charge density of MnO2 decreases in the presence of CMC or CMC/surfactant complexes. This is due to the presence of negatively charged groups in the compact part of the electric double layer. The zeta potential of MnO2 is also lower in the presence of CMC and the CMC/surfactants complexes. The main reason for that is the shift of the slipping plane towards the bulk solution.
The Composition of the Cuticular and Internal Free Fatty Acids and Alcohols from Lucilia sericata Males and Females
Authors: Gołębiowski Marek , Boguś Mieczysława I. , Paszkiewicz Monika , Wieloch Wioletta , Włóka Emilia , Stepnowski Piotr 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGC, GC–MS, and HPLC–LLSD analyses were used to identify and quantify cuticular and internal lipids in males and females of the blow‐fly (Lucilia sericata). Sixteen free fatty acids, seven alcohols and cholesterol were identified and quantitatively determined in the cuticular lipids of L. sericata. Cuticular fatty acids ranged from C6 to C20 and included unsaturated entities such as 16:1n‐9, 18:1n‐9, 20:4n‐3 and 20:5n‐3. Cuticular alcohols (only saturated and even‐numbered) ranged from C12 to C20 in males and C10 to C22 in females. Only one sterol was found in the cuticular lipids of both males and females. 23 free fatty acids, five alcohols and cholesterol were identified in the internal lipids. Internal fatty acids were present in large amounts—7.4 mg/g (female) and 10.1 mg/g (male). Only traces of internal alcohols (from C14 to C26 in males, from C14 to C22 in females) were found in L. sericata. Large amounts of internal cholesterol were identified in L. sericata males and females (0.49 and 0.97 mg/g of the insect body, respectively).