bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEW SPECIES OF APILOCROCIS WITH A KEY TO KNOWN SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new species of Apilocrocis Amsel are described: A. novateutonialis, Brazil and Bolivia; A. yucatanalis, Mexico; A. pseudocephalis, Mexico; A. steinbachi, Bolivia. The following species are transferred to Apilocrocis from Syllepte Hübner: S. excelsalis Schaus, S. glaucosia Hampson, S. albicupralis Hampson = S. mitanalis Schaus, new synonymy, S. cephalis (Walker) = Pilocrocis microbathra Meyrick, new synonymy, S. albipunctalis Hampson, S. brumalis Barnes and McDunnough, S. pimalis Barnes and Benjamin. A key to these 11 species is given.
A REVISION OF THE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPECIES OFISOMIRA(COLEOPTERA: ALLECULIDAE)
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Mexican and Central American species of the GenusIsomiraMulsant (Coleoptera: Alleculidae) are revised. Ten species and four subspecies are treated, of which six species and all the subspecies are described as new. New species are:Isomira championi,I.howdeni,I.rotundata,I.mexicanus,I.acuta, andI.alticola. New subspecies are:Isomira howdeni hidalgoensis,I.subaenea soror,I.s.punctata, andI.s.guatemalensis. A key is presented for the determination of the taxa.
NOTES ON THE HABITS OF THE SAN JOSE SCALE AND THE EUROPEAN FRUIT SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) ON HARVESTED APPLES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Morgan C. V. G. , Angle B. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe habits of the San José scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock, and the European fruit scale, A. ostreaeformis Curtis, on harvested apples in British Columbia are discussed under the following topics: stages found on apples; distribution and mortality on apples; influence on size, odor, and skin of apples; discoloration of fruit; and appearance of scales on apples. Outstanding characteristics of the San José scale are: all stages occur on the fruit; crawlers settle primarily in the stem end of Newtown and Winesap apples, equally in the stem and calyx ends of Rome Beauty, and predominantly in the calyx end of Delicious; the scale survives longer in the stem end than in the calyx end of stored Newtown, Winesap, and Delicious apples; all scales eventually die in storage; and infestations decrease the size of apples, adversely affect color and maturity, impart a moldy odor to the fruit, and mark the skin of all varieties by causing red spots around the scales. Comparable habits of the European fruit scale are: males and females do not occur on the fruit; more crawlers settle in the stem end of Newtown, McIntosh, and Hyslop crab apples than in the calyx end but the reverse distribution occurs on Rome Beauty; the scale survives longer in the calyx end of all varieties; all scales do not die on apples placed in storage; infestations apparently do not affect size, color, maturity, and odor of fruit; and feeding of the scale seldom marks the skin of Newtown apples but it does cause purplish-red spots around the scales of all other varieties of apples.
SEX ATTRACTION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH, ANAGASTA KÜHNIELLA: LOCATION OF THE FEMALE BY THE MALE
Authors: Traynier R. M. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWhen male Anagasta kühniella (Zell.) were released in a wind tunnel downwind of a scenting female they flew upwind, but on losing the scent made crosswind casts and thus located the female. Downwind casts were rare. In still air males approached females from below. Visual stimuli seemed to induce mating behaviour.
DISTRIBUTIONS OF SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS ATTACKS, EMERGENCE, AND PARASITES IN GRAND FIR
Authors: Berryman Alan A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe distributions of Scolytus ventralis LeConte attacks, emergence, and parasites were studied by stratified sampling of 20 grand fir. Of the theoretical distributions tested the negative binomial gave the best fit to all three sets of data. Three sample unit sizes were analyzed (1/4, 1/2, and 1 sq. ft) and all gave similar estimates of the mean, although the smallest sample unit influenced the distribution by increasing the frequency of the zero class. Approximate normality was achieved by applying logarithmic transformation to the attack data and the Taylor power transformation to the emergence and parasite data. Analysis of variance showed that the vertical position of the sample in the tree was die most consistent factor influencing the distribution of attacks, emergence, and parasitism, while cardinal aspect had little effect. Considerable variation also occurred among trees within a group. The density of attacks was extremely variable both within and between trees, although it was slightly higher on rough bark. Emergence was generally greater in the basal half of the tree, being reduced in the upper levels by competition with other insects. Emergence increased with attack density up to about 13 attacks per square foot. Thereafter survival was probably limited by intraspecific competition. Parasitism appeared to be reduced near the base of the tree by thick bark and at the top by lack of host larvae.Sampling designs for the fir engraver will have to consider variations between trees and vertical strata within the tree.
SEX PHEROMONE OFDENDROCTONUS PSEUDOTSUGAE(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): PRODUCTION, BIO-ASSAY, AND PARTIAL ISOLATION
Authors: Borden John H. , Silverstein R. M. , Brownlee R. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAttractive frass was produced by femaleD.pseudotsugaewithin 2 hours after boring into fresh Douglas-fir logs and peak attraction was reached in 8 hours. Production declined after 2 weeks but increased again if the females were allowed to attack new logs. Frass was collected, stored at −40°C, and extracted in benzene. The extract was distilled and chromatographed on a silica gel column. An olfactometer was developed in which beetles walking toward a light, passed into a narrow air stream. If the air stream contained attractive substances, beetles oriented upwind. Males showed a weak positive response to female frass extract and distillate over a wide range of low stimulus intensities and an abrupt increase at higher intensities. Over 20% of the test beetles responded to concentrations of 5.1 × 10−4and 2.3 × 10−3g-equiv of extract and distillate respectively, while stimulus intensities 100 times greater evoked responses over 80%. The silica gel fraction that eluted in the volume between 350 and 400 ml contained a highly attractive component.
SEX PHEROMONE OF TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): PRODUCTION, BIO-ASSAY, AND PARTIAL ISOLATION
Authors: Borden John H. , Brownlee R. G. , Silverstein R. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOverwintering adult T. lineatum were collected in late April, and the females allowed to attack Douglas-fir logs in the laboratory. Frass was collected and preserved at −40°C prior to extraction in benzene and distillation. Distillate was chromatographed in a silica-gel column. An olfactometer was developed in which a positive bio-assay involved arrestment and turning reactions in a runway over a perforated area, underneath which the test substance was placed. Responses occurred to female frass and to sawdust from host logs but frass was far more potent. Peak response occurred to frass produced within 4 to 8 hours after attack. After 2 weeks, only very small amounts of weakly attractive frass were produced. Benzene extract and distillate of female frass evoked trace responses at very low concentrations, hut at 3.2 × 10−2 and 7.4 ×10−3 g-equiv of frass, for extract and distillate respectively, responses over 70% were common. Two fractions of ether eluate from the silica-gel column contained a highly attractive component which evoked responses in about 70% of the test males.
FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES ON SEX RATIO IN IPS ACUMINATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN NORWAY
Authors: Bakke Alf 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe sex ratio of the polygamous species Ips acuminatus (Gyllenhal) varied in 31 localities of Norway from 1 to 4 females per male in northern and western areas to 20 females and more in some southeastern areas. The number of female galleries per nuptial chamber (usually three to five) varied accordingly and isolated female galleries were also formed. Laboratory breedings showed that the species has two types of females, one which produces only females and one which produces both-sixes usually with a 1:1 sex ratio.
EVOLUTION AND POPULATION ECOLOGY OF PARASITE–HOST SYSTEMS
Authors: Pimentel David , Stone Frederick A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe ecology and evolution of the parasite (Nasonia vitripennis Walker) and host (Musca domestica L.) were investigated in a specially designed multicelled population cage which provided ample space–time structure to the environment for free parasite–host interactions. The population characteristics exhibited by a control or newly associated parasite–host system were compared with an experimental parasite–host system which already had evolved a degree of ecological homeostasis. Population fluctuations in the experimental parasite population were dampened compared with the control parasite population which fluctuated with great intensity; and in addition, the mean number of parasites in the experimental systems was significantly lower (about 1/4) than the mean number of parasites in the control system.
NEW CANADIAN BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA)
Authors: Mason W. R. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeven species of Braconidae from southern Canada are described: Colastes polypori and Meteorus betulini from annual bracket fungus Polyporus betulini on birch, Diospilus fomitis from the perennial bracket fungus Fomes fomentarius on birch, and from Dorcatoma dresdensis (Anobiidae) in Ganoderma applanatum, Ichneutes pikonematis from Pikonema alaskensis, Cantharoctonus canadensis from Bucculatrix canadensisella, Hormius tsugae from Pulicalvaria apicitripunctella on hemlock and P. piceaella on spruce, and Microctonus loani from adults of Altica corni, Altica ambiens alni, and Calligrapha philadelphica.
BIOCLIMATIC STUDIES OF THE APHID PARASITE PRAON EXSOLETUM: I. EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE OF FEMALES TO VARYING HOST DENSITIES
Authors: Messenger P. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUsing bioclimatic chambers to provide diurnally fluctuating temperature and humidity conditions, the relationship between fecundity of females of the aphid parasite, Praon exsoletum (Nees), and different host densities, was examined over a wide range of mean temperatures. At each temperature level the number of eggs laid by females was found to vary with host density in accordance with the functional response curve (disc equation) of Holling. Superparasitism was common at all temperature levels studied, and, irrespective of host density, eggs were found laid at random with respect to hosts present. The functional response equation was thus modified so that number of hosts attacked was determined by both number of hosts present and number of eggs laid. Using this modified disc equation, the bioclimatic characteristics of parasite oviposition were examined from rhc standpoint of varying temperature levels. Oviposition was limited to mean temperatures between 8° and 29°C; near these limits the maximum number of eggs laid and the maximum number of hosts attacked were low. At medial mean temperatures (13°–24°) the number of eggs laid per parasite was high, averaging between 70 and 110 each 12-hour day. At these same medial temperatures, according to the modified disc equation, the average "handling" time per oviposition attack was shortest, and the parasite effective searching rate fastest. Averaged over a 12-hour day (this parasite does not oviposit in darkness), females of P. exsoletum were capable of laying from seven to nine eggs per hour at temperatures between 15° and 24° respectively. In all cases, the number of hosts attacked varied with numbers of eggs laid in accordance with Thompson’s superparasitism formula.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE IMMATURE STAGES OF GIMNOMERA CEREA AND G. INCISURATA (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE, SCATOPHAGINAE)
Authors: Neff S. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractG. cerea larvae feed upon the ovules and capsule of Pedicularis canadensis. Distribution of the fly coincides closely with its plant host. Adult flies are active in spring during the plant’s flowering period. Both sexes of flies are predaceous on small insects. Details of mating and oviposition behavior are elaborated. After feeding, larvae form puparia in the soil around roots of the host and undergo protracted diapause. All activities of the single generation per year are closely attuned to host plant’s cycle. Distribution of G. incisurata appears to closely follow that of its hosts. Larvae feed upon the flower parts of three species of Penstemon (hirsutus, digitalis, and calycosus). Duration of adult and larval activity periods along with behavior closely parallels G. cerea. In view of known host plant preferences in the Scatophaginae, it is suggested the way in which adaptation of Gimnomera to members of the Scrophulariaceae has been established is via the parasitic or hemiparasitic members of this plant family.
ATTRACTIVENESS OF LOGS CONTAINING FEMALE SPRUCE BEETLES, DENDROCTONUS OBESUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Dyer E. D. A. , Taylor D. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractField studies were carried out on effect of attack by unmated spruce beetles, Dendroctonus obesus (Mann.) on log attractiveness. Test logs were screen-covered or sprayed with insecticide. Trays beneath logs, with glass-barrier traps beside them, were used to measure response of beetles from natural populations.About 89% of the beetles attracted at six replicate sites were taken at logs containing introduced females. Males always predominated in responses to these logs. After the initial flight, about equal numbers of each sex responded to logs without introduced females. Response to the latter dropped to a low level after the initial flight, but beetles continued to respond well to logs attacked by females throughout the flight period. Use of increased attractiveness to logs following introduction of female beetles shows promise as a means of studying, directing, or controlling infestations of the spruce beetle.
THE EFFECT ON THE TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE, TETRANYCHUS URTICAE, OF DICOFOL CONCENTRATION AND DEPOSIT DISTRIBUTION ON THE LEAF SURFACE
Authors: Fisher R. W. , Morgan N. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDicofol was applied to bean leaf discs in various ways. The number of drops per disc, the concentration of dicofol in each drop, and the size of the drops were related to egg laying and mortality of adult female mites placed on the discs. Under the conditions of the experiment, an increase in concentration above normal field strength (0.046% active ingredient) had little effect, even though the deposits were discontinuous and similar to those expected from low-volume spraying. Repellency of dicofol to mites was reaffirmed and toxicity effects were significant when about one-quarter of the leaf surface was covered by deposit.
CONTROLLING INSECT ENEMIES OF THE ALFALFA LEAF-CUTTER BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA
Authors: Hobbs G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe debris-feeding insects Trogoderma glabrum (Hbst.), Tribolium madens Charp., Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Steph.), and Vitula edmandsae Pack, were controlled by cleaning out die nests of Megachile rotundata L. annually and screening off the debris, and by discarding the cells of M. rotundata after emergence was complete. The chalcidoid parasites Monodontomerus obscurus Westw. and Pteromalus venustus Wlkr. and the depredators Coelioxys spp., were removed by light-trapping them in the incubators in which M. rotundata was being hatched. The removal was made possible because the incubation period of each of the indigenous enemies was considerably shorter than that of their exotic host.
THE INSECT ECOLOGY OF RED PINE PLANTATIONS IN CENTRAL ONTARIO: V. THE COCCINELLIDAE (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Gagné W. C. , Martin J. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThirteen species of Coccinellidae were found to occur in adjacent red pine plantations of five different ages near Thessalon, Ont. These populations fell into two major ecological groups corresponding to the two plantation age classes. One group (the old-field species) inhabited young plantations up to 16 years old, and the other (the old-stand species) inhabited older stands. Each group was characterized by different dominant species, Coccinella transversoguttata Falder-man and Scymnus lacustris Lec. in the younger stands, and Mulsantina picta (Rand.) and Anatis mali Auct. in the older stands. Species diversity decreased as the stands aged.As the red pines increased in size, they became less favourable for coccinellids in general because prey density decreased. As a consequence, the predator’s search area per unit prey capture increased necessitating an increased searching capacity and mobility. Coccinellid population fluctuations were synchronized with those of the woolly pine needle aphid, Schizolachnus piniradiatae (Davidson), the major food source, due to compensative movements to and from the plantations of the adult coccinellids and the dependence of the larvae on the aphid. Starvation and cannibalism during the larval stages appeared to be the major mortality factors. Inclement weather and predation were of minor direct importance to coccinellid populations and parasitism was rare.All species, with the possible exception of S. lacustris, were univoltine.
TEMPERATURE-INDUCED INTERSEXES INAEDESMOSQUITOES: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SPECIES FROM MANITOBA
Authors: Brust R. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe larvae of 26 species ofAedesfrom Manitoba were reared at constant temperatures from a low of 10° or 15°C, to the upper lethal temperature. Various grades of adult intersexes occurred in 12 univoltine species. The lowest threshold temperature for intersex development was found inA.communis(19°C); the highest inA.fitchii(29°C). A constant rearing temperature of 30°C was lethal for all fully univoltine species from Manitoba. The zoogeographical significance of the distribution of species in North America is discussed with regard to their intersex threshold temperature.
LE GENRE GUNUNGIELLA ULMER (TRICHOPTÈRES: PHILOPOTAMIDES)
Authors: Schmid F. 
Published: December 2009

RésuméLe genrc oriental Gunungiella Ulmer est présenté ici comme une lignée très spécialisée issue de genre Wormaldia McLachlan. Une de ses particularités est l'extrême fantaisie des variations spécifiques, ce qui rend difficile la classification des espèces et impossible toute reconstitution phylétique et zoogéographique. Trente-quatre espèces nouvelles sont décrites dans le corps de l'ouvrage; on en trouvera la liste à la page 956. Enfin, un troisième type de mimétisme est signalé chez les Trichoptères.
MATING BEHAVIOR OF FIVE SPECIES OF LUCANIDAE (COLEOPTERA: INSECTA)
Authors: Mathieu J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObservations mainly on sexual behavior were made in both the field and laboratory on five species representing four genera of stag beetles all occurring in central Illinois.Males of Lucanus Scopoli (= Pseudolucanus) and Dorcus MacLeay which have relatively short mandibles made direct use of these appendages in subduing and maintaining the female in position during mating.Males of Platycerus Geoffroy and Ceruchus MacLeay which have larger mandibles did not use these appendages to hold the female, but rubbed a pair of legs intermittently against the female’s elytra and had much longer matings.The presence of a female stimulus was determinant in the amount of fighting among males.
DREPATSAPHIS PALLIDA, A NEW APHID COLLECTED ON ACER SACCHARUM IN ONTARIO (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDrepanaphis pallida is described from specimens collected on Acer saccharum Marsh. in Ontario. In structure and colour it is very similar to Drepanaphis granovskyi Smith and Knowlton, from which it can be distinguished by the relative sizes of the dorsal abdominal tubercles and the length of the cornicle.
A SYNOPSIS OFHOLCOPSIS(DIPTERA: TABANIDAE)
Authors: Pechuman L. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour species are recognized in the genusHolcopsisEnderlein:bifenestrata(Osten Sacken 1886),fenestrataEnderlein 1923,bequaerti(Philip 1943) andpilifera(Philip 1943). All specimens for which the locality is known are from the State of Durango, Mexico. The genus is characterized and its possible relationship withBolbodimyiaBigot is indicated. Collection data for all known specimens are given. The species are characterized by the use of a descriptive key. The wing, third antennal segment, and second palpal segment of the female of each species is illustrated.
BRUCHIDAE ASSOCIATED WITH MIMOSA WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
Authors: Bottimer L. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOne new species, Acanthoscelides tridenticulatus, is described from Mimosa strigillosa Torr. and Gray in Texas, and from specimens collected in Louisiana and Texas.Erroneous records of Bruchidae having been reared from native Mimosa in the United States are corrected. These are: Merobruchus julianus (Horn) (Not synonym Bruchus ochreolineatus Fall) from Acacia greggii Gray, Not Mimosa fragrans; Acanthoscelides chiricahuae (Fall), Not Bruchus schrankiae Horn, from M. borealis Gray; and A. distinguendus (Horn) from Rhynchosia americana (Mill.) Metz, NOTM. strigillosa. All of these constitute new host records.The following new host records are reported: Acanthoscelides chiricahuae (Fall) from Mimosa biuncifera Benth. in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Coahuilla, Mexico; and from M. dysocarpa Benth. and M. grahamii Gray in Arizona, A. quadridentatus (Schaeffer) from M. pigra var. berlandieri (Gray) Turner and M. strigillosa in Texas, and from M. pigra var. pigra L. in Nicaragua and Panama. A. speciosus (Schaeffer) from M. malacophylla Gray in Texas, from M. biuncifera in Arizona, and from M. galeottii Benth. in Morelos, Mexico. Stator pruininus (Horn) from M. biuncifera in Texas and Mexico; and from M. dysocarpa in Arizona.
PREDACEOUS COCCINELLID OVIPOSITION RESPONSES TO JUNIPERUS WOOD
Authors: Boldyrev M. I. , Wilde W. H. A. , Smith B. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn laboratory experiments at Belleville and Guelph, Ont., four species of coccinellids, Cycloneda munda (Say), Adalia bipunctata (L.), Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni Brown, and Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake, revealed strong attractances to Juniperus virginiana L. (juniper) for oviposition. This attractancy was due to the specific odour of Juniperus wood. Egg laying rates were not affected by distances up to 70 cm in laboratory cages in a greenhouse where temperatures ranged from 24.0° to 29.5 °C. This phenomenon may be used to aggregate ovipositing coccinellid females in places where aphids are expected to occur in damaging numbers.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO A STUDY OF THE PYRAUSTINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) OF TEMPERATE EAST ASIA. VIII
Authors: Munroe Eugene , Mutuura Akira 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new taxa are described: Demobotys n. gen., type-species Pyrausta pervulgalis Hampson, Japan; D. pervulgalis exigua n. subsp., Kiangsu Prov., China; D. p. hunana n. subsp., Hunan Prov., China; D. monoceralis, Yuennan Prov., China; Anamalaia n. gen., type-species A. nathani n. sp., South India; Coclebotys n. gen., type-species Botys coclesalis Walker, Borneo, Japan, China, et al.; Yezobotys n. gen., type-species Y. ainualis n. sp., Hokkaido.