bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lahar flow characteristic of Semeru Volcano based on Flow-R Model and its countermeasure
Authors: Munir M D , Santoso F I , Eka N A , Amanda A E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Lahar flows represent a consequential outcome of volcanic eruptions, posing a natural hazard with the potential to profoundly impact both society and infrastructure. These fast-moving streams of volcanic lahar surge from elevated terrains to lower altitudes, commonly referred to as lahar flows. The Rejali Watershed, nestled in Lumajang Regency, East Java, Indonesia, serves as one of the key watersheds sourced from the elevated slopes of the Semeru Volcano, eventually merging into the Indian Ocean as its outlet. The primary objective of the study is to uncover the distinct characteristics of Semeru Volcano’s lahar flows and suggest feasible countermeasures aimed at averting potential future disasters. A thorough comprehension of the potential dangers associated with lahar flows is imperative in identifying the requisite countermeasures and regulations to be implemented for the purpose of disaster risk reduction. The findings highlight the utility of the model in effectively mapping the impact of the Semeru volcanic eruption. This is achieved through the utilization of back analysis to acquire insights into the characteristics of these lahar-related disasters. While the model exhibits a good correlation with reality, as evidenced by the Sentinel 2 image, it falls short of adequately representing certain specific areas.
Adaptive water management in response to tidal inundation and sea level rise on tidal agricultural lowlands of Katingan, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Kamil I , Jayadi R , Rahardjo A P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Decreased water management systems and sea level rise cause inundation in the Katingan tidal agricultural lowland. Excessive and prolonged inundation can decrease rice production or even loss of rice land. A study was conducted to provide adaptive water management for controlling water levels in canals and rice crop fields inundation. For this purpose, a combined one- and two-dimensional unsteady flow method was used in HEC-RAS. The scenario of water level control uses sluice and flap gates in secondary canals. Under spring tide conditions, water level control with gates decreases the inundation area by 95.62%. Likewise, in the 25 and 50-year sea level rise scenarios, inundation decreased by 88.51% and 82.25%. In the spring tide condition, the duration of inundation is decreased from 3.5 to 0.9 days. Under 25 and 50-year sea level rise scenarios, the duration of inundation was decreased from 3.7 to 3 days and from 4.3 to 4.1 days. The use of gates significantly decreases inundation in the spring tide condition, but under sea level rise in 25 and 50-year, the depth and duration of inundation are still dangerous for rice crops; therefore, it is necessary to advance water management control for the sustainability of rice fields.
Coastal conditions and long-term topographic changes of Tanjung Benoa Beach on Bali Island, Indonesia
Authors: Onaka S , Uda T , San-Nami T , Miyagawa K , Mori T 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTanjung Benoa Beach on Bali Island, a globally recognized coastal resort with well-developed coral reefs, is experiencing beach erosion. This study aimed to formulate measures against the beach erosion, with a quantitative analysis of the coastal mechanisms through field observations, aerial photographs, satellite images and bathymetric data. The results indicate that the beach erosion on Tanjung Benoa Beach has occurred over time due to the longshore sediment transport, although the rate reduced by a construction of a groin. Additionally, the eroded area can be considered as a closure system of sediment transport between two groins at both ends, where accumulation and erosion of sand occur simultaneously. Based on these results, sand back pass was proposed, and its implementation plan was examined through numerical calculations for three-dimensional beach topographic changes. The numerical calculation compared a case of beach nourishment alone to adding four groins, suggesting that beach nourishment without groins is more effective for achieving the target beach width, maintenance plan efficiency and the high demand for beach uses on Tanjung Benoa Beach. This plan represents one of the few instances of sand back pass in Indonesia and promotes sustainable solutions to beach erosion, balancing beach utilization and conservation.
Sustainable use of magnesite mine waste in self-compacting concrete and its study on strength, microstructure, cost and CO2 emission
Authors: Shunmuga Vembu Pitchiah Raman , Ammasi Arun Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Managing waste materials from mining is of universal interest owing to its massive volume, ecological impacts, health hazards, and disposal challenges despite high operational costs. Advancements advocate for recycling mine waste to sustainably support construction. As the construction sector heavily consumes resources, utilizing mine waste from magnesite mines (MMW) in concrete has gained attention. This experimental study assesses the viability of substituting MMW for natural fine and coarse aggregates in self-compacting concrete (SCC) at intervals of 10% up to 50% by weight. Evaluations were done on fresh (slump flow, T50 slump, V-funnel, J-ring, L-box) and hardened (compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength) properties, along with microstructural features, cost, and CO2 emissions. The findings unveil that nearly all mixtures exhibit commendable performance, where mine waste is replaced for fine and coarse aggregates showcasing superior fresh and hardened properties, respectively. Fresh property results reveal the SF1 flow category with VF1 and VF2 viscosity types for the SCC mixtures. Moreover, these SCC mixtures observed substantial strength enhancements of approximately 10% to 15% in compressive, splitting tensile and flexural test results at 28 and 90 days. Microstructural analysis corroborates the observed strength outcomes, indicating a denser concrete matrix. Significant environmental and economic benefits were observed, including a notable 20% reduction in CO2 emissions and 17% cost savings. These findings underscore the potential of integrating MMW into SCC mixtures as a sustainable approach towards construction materials, offering both performance and environmental advantages.
Comparisons of microstructure and mechanical properties of MAG joints welded under 2G and 3G conditions
Authors: Peng Xingna , Zhang Hao , Qiao Yaxia , Sun Shaoheng , Tu Dejun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
MAG welding of 07MnMoVR steel was performed at the 2G and 3G positions, and weld formation, microstructure, residual stress, and tensile properties were compared. In this study, welds without defects were obtained at the 2G and 3G positions. The results showed that a larger distortion of the weld at the 3G position was present because of the higher heat input and that the perlage morphology was related to the introduction of the arc weaving process. In addition, the grain size of the filling pass was coarser than that of the cap pass because of the repeated heating process, and the grain sizes of the filling and cap passes increased by approximately 33% for the weld at the 3G position compared with that at the 2G position. In this case, the weld at the 3G position showed a larger residual stress and lower yield and tensile strengths, and the elongation rates and microhardness of the weld at the 3G position were lower than were those of the weld at the 2G position, regardless of the root pass, filling pass, or cap pass.
Prediction of cervix cancer stage and grade from diffusion weighted imaging using EfficientNet
Authors: Aouadi Souha , Torfeh Tarraf , Bouhali Othmane , Yoganathan SA , Paloor Satheesh , Chandramouli Suparna , Hammoud Rabih , Al-Hammadi Noora 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose. This study aims to introduce an innovative noninvasive method that leverages a single image for both grading and staging prediction. The grade and the stage of cervix cancer (CC) are determined from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in particular apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN). Methods. datasets composed of 85 patients having annotated tumor stage (I, II, III, and IV), out of this, 66 were with grade (II and III) and the remaining patients with no reported grade were retrospectively collected. The study was IRB approved. For each patient, sagittal and axial slices containing the gross tumor volume (GTV) were extracted from ADC maps. These were computed using the mono exponential model from diffusion weighted images (b-values = 0, 100, 1000) that were acquired prior to radiotherapy treatment. Balanced training sets were created using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and fed to the DCNN. EfficientNetB0 and EfficientNetB3 were transferred from the ImageNet application to binary and four-class classification tasks. Five-fold stratified cross validation was performed for the assessment of the networks. Multiple evaluation metrics were computed including the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Comparisons with Resnet50, Xception, and radiomic analysis were performed. Results. for grade prediction, EfficientNetB3 gave the best performance with AUC = 0.924. For stage prediction, EfficientNetB0 was the best with AUC = 0.931. The difference between both models was, however, small and not statistically significant EfficientNetB0-B3 outperformed ResNet50 (AUC = 0.71) and Xception (AUC = 0.89) in stage prediction, and demonstrated comparable results in grade classification, where AUCs of 0.89 and 0.90 were achieved by ResNet50 and Xception, respectively. DCNN outperformed radiomic analysis that gave AUC = 0.67 (grade) and AUC = 0.66 (stage). Conclusion. the prediction of CC grade and stage from ADC maps is feasible by adapting EfficientNet approaches to the medical context.
Clinical Implications of Fat Grafting in the Posterior Calf: A Dynamic Cadaver-based Study
Authors: Glener Adam D , Del Vecchio Daniel , Halani Sameer H , Cárdenas-Camarena Lázaro , Hoyos Alfredo E , Kenkel Jeffrey M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Intramuscular fat grafting in extremity muscles, especially the gastrocnemius, has become increasingly popular. However, while safety in truncal muscle fat grafting has been well-studied, research on extremity muscles is lacking.

Objectives
In this study, we aimed to explore the anatomy of the gastrocnemius muscle and adjacent structures as intramuscular and subcutaneous recipient sites. Additionally, we sought to analyze pressure-volume relationships and fat migration patterns during posterior calf grafting.

Methods
Eight cadaveric lower extremities were examined. A prosection was performed to better understand the vascular complex around the gastrocnemius. Ultrasound-guided fat injections were then performed into both the subcutaneous and intramuscular layers; dynamic pressures were measured with a manometer. Last, dyed-injectant was injected subcutaneously to better elucidate subcutaneous anatomy.

Results
Anatomic prosection demonstrated the proximity of the gastrocnemius muscle to the popliteal venous system that arborized (&gt;1 mm) intramuscularly. In the 3 specimens that underwent intramuscular fat grafting, the peak intramuscular pressures plateaued at 21 mmHg (19.5–23 mmHg); there was no observed extrafascial migration of the injectant. With subcutaneous injectant in 1 specimen, pressures in the subcutaneous space increased (125 mmHg) with additional injectant (240 mL) while pressures in the intramuscular space remained relatively constant (4 mmHg).

Conclusions
Intramuscular gastrocnemius fat grafting should be done with caution: its proximity to critical veins and sustained increased intramuscular pressures following grafting increases risks of embolus and thrombosis, respectively. Subcutaneous injection may be safer in that increased pressures are not communicated to deep structures. Last, we present a novel description of posterior calf subcutaneous compartments that may better allow surgeons to direct and predict subcutaneous injectant.
Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein mediated neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Liu Yu-xiao , Zhao Ming , Yu Yang , Liu Jing-peng , Liu Wen-jia , Yao Ren-qi , Wang Jing , Yang Rong-li , Wu Yao , Dong Ning , Cao Yang , Li Shou-chun , Zhang Qin-hong , Yan Run-min , Yao Yong-ming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) plays a vital role in the inflammatory response during cerebral ischaemia. However, the potential role and regulatory mechanism of eCIRP in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain unclear. Here, we explored the effect of eCIRP on the development of TBI using a neural-specific CIRP knockout (KO) mouse model to determine the contribution of eCIRP to TBI-induced neuronal injury and to discover novel therapeutic targets for TBI.

Methods
TBI animal models were generated in mice using the fluid percussion injury method. Microglia or neuron lines were subjected to different drug interventions. Histological and functional changes were observed by immunofluorescence and neurobehavioural testing. Apoptosis was examined by a TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling assay in vivo or by an annexin-V assay in vitro. Ultrastructural alterations in the cells were examined via electron microscopy. Tissue acetylation alterations were identified by non-labelled quantitative acetylation via proteomics. Protein or mRNA expression in cells and tissues was determined by western blot analysis or real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and mediators in the serum and supernatants were measured via enzyme-linked immunoassay.

Results
There were closely positive correlations between eCIRP and inflammatory mediators, and between eCIRP and TBI markers in human and mouse serum. Neural-specific eCIRP KO decreased hemispheric volume loss and neuronal apoptosis and alleviated glial cell activation and neurological function damage after TBI. In contrast, eCIRP treatment resulted in endoplasmic reticulum disruption and ER stress (ERS)-related death of neurons and enhanced inflammatory mediators by glial cells. Mechanistically, we noted that eCIRP-induced neural apoptosis was associated with the activation of the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-C/EBP homologous protein signalling pathway, and that eCIRP-induced microglial inflammation was associated with histone H3 acetylation and the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Conclusions
These results suggest that TBI obviously enhances the secretion of eCIRP, thereby resulting in neural damage and inflammation in TBI. eCIRP may be a biomarker of TBI that can mediate the apoptosis of neuronal cells through the ERS apoptotic pathway and regulate the inflammatory response of microglia via histone modification.
Sevoflurane inhibits lung cancer development by promoting FUS1 transcription via downregulating IRF6
Authors: Zhou Pei , Yang Lei , Ma Xinyu , Li Qiuguo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Lung cancer is a major contributor to cancer deaths worldwide and is on the rise. Although surgical resection has been widely used as a standard therapy for lung cancer patients, the relapse rate after surgery is high. It is still unclear whether there is a potential drug that can reduce the probability of postsurgical recurrence in lung cancer patients. We used 5 typical lung cancer cell lines as well as 41 lung cancer tissue samples and paracancer tissue samples to investigate the expression levels of interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) and tumor suppressor candidate 2 (TUSC2, also known as FUS1). We also treated lung cancer cells (H322 and A549) with different concentrations of sevoflurane to study its influence on lung cancer cell tumorigenesis. Lentivirus-mediated gain-of-function studies of IRF6 and FUS1 were applied to validate the role of IRF6 and FUS1 in lung cancer. Next, we used short hairpin RNA-mediated loss of function of IRF6 and luciferase, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to validate the regulatory role of IRF6 on FUS1. Our findings reported that IRF6 was upregulated in lung cancer tissues, while FUS1 was downregulated. Functional assays revealed that sevoflurane inhibits lung cancer development by downregulating IRF6 expression. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative real-time PCR assays uncovered that IRF6 represses FUS1 transcriptional expression in lung cancer cells. We have shown that sevoflurane prevents lung cancer development by downregulating IRF6 to stimulate FUS1 transcription, indicating that sevoflurane can be used as the potential anesthetic drug in surgical resection to reduce postoperative tumor relapse in lung cancer patients.
Synthesis and properties of 1,3-dithiole[6]dendralene analogs with two thiophene spacers inserted
Authors: Misaki Tomoya , Nishiwaki Masataka , Ito Toshiki , Ueda Masafumi , Fujisaki Masahiro , Yoshimura Aya , Shirahata Takashi , Hayashi Minoru , Misaki Yohji 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Derivatives of a 1,3-dithiole[6]dendralene analog with two thiophene spacers inserted (2) have been successfully synthesized. Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry revealed that their redox behavior, based on the distribution of the positive charges, differed depending on the position and the electronic effect of substituents on the 1,3-dithiole rings.
The Collected Writings of Richard Ferdinand Kahn
Authors: Howson Susan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Richard Kahn published three books in his lifetime, the second one his Selected Essays on Employment and Growth (Cambridge University Press 1972). Now Maria Cristina Marcuzzo and Paolo Paesani have edited Richard F. Kahn: Collected Economic Essays (Palgrave Macmillan 2023) intended to complement Kahn’s own collection. As well as comparing the two volumes and some of Kahn’s writings not included in either collection, this review article considers how far the two volumes together reflect Kahn’s achievements in his life and academic career.
How Best to Be Egyptian? The “Honorable Citizen” and the Making of the Counter-revolutionary Subject
Authors: Abdelhamid Amira 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Despite growing interest in studying counter-revolution in Egypt, scholars have neglected the ways in which the regulation of normativity governs conduct and discourages resistance. This article argues that discourses of normativity in Egypt have produced counter-revolutionary subjectivities, without whom the counter-revolution could not have succeeded. These subjectivities are constructed through the mobilization of normal/deviant binary logics, which are encapsulated in the normative figure of the honorable citizen. I suggest that the honorable citizen—which informs how best to be Egyptian—is a contradictory figure that is made possible by the ongoing interaction between (post)colonial and neoliberal governing rationalities. By employing Foucault’s work on governmentality, and Cynthia Weber’s queer analysis of figuration, I conceptualize normal/deviant logics through what I call counter-revolutionary governmentality (CRG). CRG reduces the originality of Egyptian resistance by associating it with the desire to be Westernized and constructs revolutionary aspirations as a threat to sovereignty. I argue that figurations of normative “Egyptianness” fortify Egypt’s “backwardness” in contemporary international orderings of progressive versus backward states and maintain international hierarchies that privilege Western modes of socio-economic and political organization. Such maintenance is not only the work of the global North but is also reproduced in the South.
Using large language models for safety-related table summarization in clinical study reports
Authors: Landman Rogier , Healey Sean P , Loprinzo Vittorio , Kochendoerfer Ulrike , Winnier Angela Russell , Henstock Peter V , Lin Wenyi , Chen Aqiu , Rajendran Arthi , Penshanwar Sushant , Khan Sheraz , Madhavan Subha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The generation of structured documents for clinical trials is a promising application of large language models (LLMs). We share opportunities, insights, and challenges from a competitive challenge that used LLMs for automating clinical trial documentation.

Materials and Methods
As part of a challenge initiated by Pfizer (organizer), several teams (participant) created a pilot for generating summaries of safety tables for clinical study reports (CSRs). Our evaluation framework used automated metrics and expert reviews to assess the quality of AI-generated documents.

Results
The comparative analysis revealed differences in performance across solutions, particularly in factual accuracy and lean writing. Most participants employed prompt engineering with generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) models.

Discussion
We discuss areas for improvement, including better ingestion of tables, addition of context and fine-tuning.

Conclusion
The challenge results demonstrate the potential of LLMs in automating table summarization in CSRs while also revealing the importance of human involvement and continued research to optimize this technology.
Debiased inference for a covariate-adjusted regression function
Authors: Takatsu Kenta , Westling Ted 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this article, we study nonparametric inference for a covariate-adjusted regression function. This parameter captures the average association between a continuous exposure and an outcome after adjusting for other covariates. Under certain causal conditions, it also corresponds to the average outcome had all units been assigned to a specific exposure level, known as the causal dose–response curve. We propose a debiased local linear estimator of the covariate-adjusted regression function and demonstrate that our estimator converges pointwise to a mean-zero normal limit distribution. We use this result to construct asymptotically valid confidence intervals for function values and differences thereof. In addition, we use approximation results for the distribution of the supremum of an empirical process to construct asymptotically valid uniform confidence bands. Our methods do not require undersmoothing, permit the use of data-adaptive estimators of nuisance functions, and our estimator attains the optimal rate of convergence for a twice differentiable regression function. We illustrate the practical performance of our estimator using numerical studies and an analysis of the effect of air pollution exposure on cardiovascular mortality.
Atypical presentation of an epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum 20 years post fundoplication: a case report and review
Authors: Tasabehji Dana , Jarrah Mohammad , Mokadem Mohamad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Esophageal diverticulum is a rare condition characterized by the herniation of the esophageal mucosa outside the esophageal wall. Here, we explore the prevalence of ED and its associated esophageal dysmotility. We also shed light on the potential impact of previous surgical interventions, such as Nissen’s fundoplication, on the development of ED. This manuscript presents the case of a 72-year-old woman with a history of Nissen’s fundoplication surgery who experienced worsening symptoms of dysphagia, heartburn and postprandial cough. Despite exhibiting a normal motility pattern, upper endoscopy revealed a large epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum. The patient underwent successful surgical resection with myotomy, resulting in the resolution of symptoms with no complications. This case highlights the rarity of symptomatic ED and the need to recognize it while choosing the optimal treatment modality.