bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of the JAK2 mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms by asymmetric PCR with unlabeled probe and high‐resolution melt analysis
Authors: Cao Hong‐Cui , Lin Jiang , Qian Jun , Yao Dong‐Ming , Li Yun , Yang Jing , Chen Qin , Chai Hai‐Yan , Xiao Gao‐Fei 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground: Several methods have been established to detect the JAK2 V617F mutation, a frequent event involved in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). High‐resolution melt (HRM) analysis is a newly established technique without the requirement of any gel‐based post‐PCR handling. Methods: An asymmetric PCR with unlabeled specific probe was developed and combined to HRM analysis o screen for JAK2 V617F mutation. Results: Heterozygous mutation was easily distinguished from homozygous JAK2 for the obvious shape change. Homozygous JAK2 mutant can be also well separated from wild‐type JAK2 in the presence of internal temperature calibrators. The easily recognizable and maximal sensitivity of HRM analysis was 5% for the detection of JAK2 V617F mutation, higher than 25% of direct sequencing. In the test of blind screening of 223 samples (111 Ph− MPNs, 60 Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia, and 52 acute myeloid leukemia), JAK2 V617F mutations were found in 78 (70%) patients with MPNs, but in none with chronic and acute myeloid leukemia. HRM analysis of all cases was fully concordant with the results of PCR‐RFLP and direct sequencing. Conclusions: The HRM method with unlabeled probe could be used as convenient, sensitive and reliable diagnostic test for detection of JAK2 V617F mutation. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:300–304, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pollen record of the last 450 years from a lowland peat bog on Tristan da Cunha, South Atlantic, implying early anthropogenic influence
Authors: Ljung Karl , Björck Svante 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA pollen diagram from a small peat bog on the island of Tristan da Cunha in the central South Atlantic (37°05'S,12°17'W) is presented. The pollen diagram contains data from both introduced and native plant taxa. The earliest pollen grains from introduced Plantago lanceolata are dated to around AD 1570, and probably represent unintentional introductions of weeds by the earliest Portuguese explorers visiting the islands. After AD 1600, a greater abundance of pollen from introduced plants and declining tree pollen values indicate opening of the lowland vegetation and more intense land use, probably attributable to the effect of seasonal seal and whale hunters. After AD 1800, evidence of increased erosion and more intense land use are inferred from the pollen diagram, reflecting permanent settlement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality changes in sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus) during storage in artificial seawater saturated with oxygen, nitrogen and air
Authors: Wang Chao , Xue Changhu , Xue Yong , Li Zhaojie , Lv Yingchun , Zhang Hao 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Sea urchin gonads are highly valued seafood that degenerates rapidly during the storage period. To study the influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on quality changes of sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus) gonads, they were stored in artificial seawater saturated with oxygen, nitrogen or air at 5 ± 1 °C for 12 days.RESULTS: The sensory acceptability limit was 11–12, 6–7 and 7–8 days for gonads with oxygen, nitrogen or air packaging, respectively. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) values reached 22.60 ± 1.32, 32.37 ± 1.37 and 24.91 ± 1.54 mg 100 g−1 for gonads with oxygen, nitrogen or air packaging at the points of near to, exceeding and reaching the limit of sensory acceptability, indicating that TVB‐N values of about 25 mg 100 g−1 should be regarded as the limit of acceptability for sea urchin gonads. Relative ATP content values were 56.55%, 17.36% and 18.75% for gonads with oxygen, nitrogen or air packaging, respectively, on day 2. K‐values were 19.37%, 25.05% and 29.02% for gonads with oxygen, nitrogen or air packaging, respectively, on day 2. Both pH and aerobic plate count values showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) for gonads with the three treatments.CONCLUSION: Gonads with oxygen packaging had lower sensory demerit point (P < 0.05) and TVB‐N values (P < 0.05), and higher relative ATP content (P < 0.01) and K‐values (P < 0.05), than that with nitrogen or air packaging, with an extended shelf life of 4‐5 days during storage in artificial seawater at 5 ± 1 °C. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Movements of white‐tailed deer in riparian habitat: Implications for infectious diseases
Authors: Clements Gregory M. , Hygnstrom Scott E. , Gilsdorf Jason M. , Baasch David M. , Clements Myndi J. , Vercauteren Kurt C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMovements of male white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are of great concern with respect to spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) across landscapes because most yearlings males disperse and adult males have higher prevalence of CWD than do females and younger deer. We radiocollared and monitored 85 male white‐tailed deer in the middle Missouri River Valley of eastern Nebraska and western Iowa, USA from 2004 to 2008. Average size (±SE) of fixed‐kernel annual home ranges (95%) and core areas (50%) for resident deer were 449 (±32) ha and 99 (±7) ha, respectively. Resident deer exhibited a high‐degree of fidelity to their home ranges. Mean overlap between consecutive annual home ranges and core areas was 81% and 74%, respectively. Average dispersal distance was 17.7 ± 4.5 km (range = 3–121 km) for 22 radio‐marked and 6 ear‐tagged yearlings. Mean spring dispersal distance (25 km) was 150% greater than fall (10 km). Dispersal direction from Desoto National Wildlife Refuge (DNWR) was bimodal on a northwest to southeast axis that followed the Missouri River corridor. Of 22 yearlings that dispersed, 18 (82%) established adult home ranges within the river valley. Dispersal movements of yearling males represent the greatest risk for rapid spread of diseases from infected source populations. Disease management efforts in riparian habitats should target male fawns and yearling males for removal in areas within or immediately adjacent to river corridors. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Synthesis, characterization, and computational modeling of benzodithiophene donor–acceptor semiconducting polymers
Authors: Sista Prakash , Hao Jing , Elkassih Sussana , Sheina Elena E. , Biewer Michael C. , Janesko Benjamin G. , Stefan Mihaela C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDonor–acceptor semiconducting polymers containing benzodithiophene with decyl phenylethynyl substituents have been synthesized. Density functional calculations on the polymers' band gaps and frontier orbitals energies provide reasonable agreement with cyclic voltammetry, photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV–vis absorption measurements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Synthesis, molecular, and morphological characterization of initial and modified diblock copolymers with organic acid chloride derivatives
Authors: Politakos Nikolaos , Weinman Craig J. , Paik Marvin Y. , Sundaram Harihara S. , Ober Christopher K. , Avgeropoulos Apostolos 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSix well defined PS‐b‐PB1,2 diblock copolymers (PS: polystyrene and PB: polybutadiene) with almost 100% of 1,2 microstructure for the PB segment were synthesized. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), membrane osmometry (MO) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) were used for verification of the molecular characteristics and the 100% ‐1,2 addition for the PB blocks. Modification with heptanoyl or pentadecafluorooctanoyl chloride was accomplished via hydroboration and subsequent oxidation, leading to hydroxylated PB blocks and was verified with 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Only two samples were modified with both organic acid chloride derivatives. Structural characterization was accomplished via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) in all cases. The self‐assembly was more evident in the modified copolymers with the corresponding halides due to the increase of the molecular weight of the modified PB block. Taking into consideration the χN values in each case and comparing the results with those of PS‐b‐PI copolymers already reported in the literature the discrepancies with the theoretical predictions are very small or minimal. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
The Spitsbergen South Cape tip jet
Authors: Reeve Mathew A. , Kolstad Erik W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe investigated low‐level tip jets generated at the southern tip of the island of Spitsbergen, part of the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic. Low‐level tip jets occur in many locations where airflow converges around obstacles, such as islands. They are often poorly resolved in forecasts or re‐analyses, so it is important to document their locations and shed light on why they occur. Tip jets are the result of flow stagnation and flow splitting upstream of an obstacle; both of these processes are dependent on the stability of the air column, wind speed and direction upstream. Jets generated around Sørkapp, the southern cape of Spitsbergen, have been resolved previously in numerical studies, but no climatology exists. In this study, we used the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) to demonstrate the influence of topography on the development of tip jets. We used QuikSCAT satellite‐derived surface wind data to identify tip jet events and compile climatologies, and the ERA‐Interim data to investigate the prevailing synoptic conditions during jet events and identify the main driving forces.We found that tip jets can occur throughout the year, associated with a negative surface‐level pressure anomaly moving in a northeast direction from the Norwegian Sea and towards the Barents Sea. On average, jets occurred just over 8% of days throughout the year. The maximum 60‐day running mean of occurrence was around 12% and occurred between February and March. The results showed that negative wind speed and positive static stability anomalies were statistically significant upstream of the island group. These anomalies remain significant when seasons of high, middle and low occurrence were analysed separately. We conclude therefore that wind direction persistence may play an important role in the seasonality of jet occurrences in the study region. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Exploring middle school students' conceptions of the relationship between genetic inheritance and cell division
Authors: Williams Michelle , DeBarger Angela Haydel , Montgomery Beronda L. , Zhou Xuechun , Tate Erika 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis study examines students' understanding of the normative connections between key concepts of cell division, including both mitosis and meiosis, and underlying biological principles that are critical for an in‐depth understanding of genetic inheritance. Using a structural equation modeling method, we examine middle school students' understanding of these relationships. A total of 209 seventh‐grade students participated in this study and completed a technology‐enhanced unit on genetics. Content‐based assessments were administered to all students. Findings from a confirmatory factor analysis supplemented with an analysis of students' responses revealed a strong relationship between the concepts of genetic inheritance and cell division and provided evidence of the nature of the difficulties that students have when trying to understand these concepts. Specifically, students were challenged to demonstrate an integrated understanding of the differences between mitosis and meiosis processes. Also some students struggled to explain the importance of these processes as they relate to passage of genetic information. This study offers the science education field further insight into younger students' learning about genetic inheritance and informs the design of effective science learning materials at the middle school level. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96:78–103, 2012
Multiple imputation for completion of a national clinical audit dataset
Authors: Cattle Brian A. , Baxter Paul D. , Greenwood Darren C. , Gale Christopher P. , West Robert M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) is a register of heart attacks covering 234 acute admitting hospitals in England and Wales. It is used to assess the extent to which hospitals are attaining the government targets for patients with heart attacks (myocardial infarction). MINAP is therefore of national importance in coronary care and of potential international importance for research. As with most observational databases, there is missing data in MINAP, which has the potential to bias statistical analyses. In this paper, we use multiple imputation to reduce the impact of missing data and we give details of how our imputation scheme was implemented. The key contribution of this paper is the provision of multiply completed datasets, suited to a range of analyses, that can be used to make efficient inferences without the distractions of missing data. Our work will assist MINAP in achieving its priority goal of providing useful data with which to analyse patient care. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emergence and refinement
Authors: Sanders J. W. , Smith Graeme 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Emergent behaviour—system behaviour not determined by the behaviours of system components when considered in isolation—is commonplace in multi-agent systems, particularly when agents adapt to environmental change. This article considers the manner in which Formal Methods may be used to authenticate the trustworthiness of such systems. Techniques are considered for capturing emergent behaviour in the system specification and then the incremental refinement method is applied to justify design decisions embodied in an implementation. To demonstrate the approach, one and two-dimensional cellular automata are studied. In particular an incremental refinement of the ‘glider’ in Conway’s Game of Life is given from its specification.
Stop bugging me: An examination of adolescents’ protection behavior against online harassment
Authors: Lwin May O. , Li Benjamin , Ang Rebecca P. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTOnline harassment is a widespread phenomenon with consequential implications, especially for adolescents, who tend to engage in high‐risk behavior online. Through the use of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), we examine the predictors motivating the intention of youths to adopt protection behavior against online harassment. A survey was conducted with 537 youths from a stratified sample in Singapore. Regression analyses showed that perceived severity of online harassment, response efficacy and self efficacy of online protective behavior were significant predictors of behavioral intention with varying weights. The sole exception was perceived susceptibility to online harassment, which did not significantly predict behavioral intention. Gender and age were also found to moderate adolescents’ uptake of protective behavior. The results suggest that public service programs targeted at educating youths should aim to increase coping appraisals and emphasize the severity of online harassment. Targeted educational programs could include those aimed at specific age or gender groups.
Body image as a mediator of non‐suicidal self‐injury in adolescents
Authors: Muehlenkamp Jennifer J. , Brausch Amy M. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTAttitudes towards the body have been largely overlooked as a potential risk factor for adolescent non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) despite theorizing that a negative body image may play a critical role in the development of this behavior. The current study used structural equation modeling to evaluate the fit of a theoretical model specifying body image as a mediator between negative affect and NSSI in a combined clinical and non‐clinical sample of 284 adolescents. The data supported the model, accounted for 21.6% of the variance in NSSI, and body image significantly mediated the relationship between negative affect and NSSI. These findings provide essential preliminary evidence that body image may represent a necessary but not sufficient risk factor for NSSI in adolescents and that treatment for NSSI should consider targeting body‐related pathology in addition to emotion regulation. The findings also support including body image within developing etiological models of NSSI.
Testicular Microlithiasis, Long Term Experience of a Single Institution
Authors: Kimuli Michael , Beckley Ian , Cast James , Cooksey Graeme 
Published: July 2011

Introduction: Several studies have reported an association between testicular microlithiasis (TML) and testicular malignancy with some suggesting the concordance to be as high as 40%. In 2000, we published a large study of 4819 patients referred for scrotal ultrasound (USS) at four referral centers. Based on our findings we recommended ultrasound surveillance of patients with TML. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term outcome of our surveillance regimen. Methods: We reviewed the prospective database of all men diagnosed with TML at USS between 1996 and 2006 at our institution. All patients diagnosed with TML were scheduled for six-monthly USS and in addition they were given instructions to perform regular self-examination. Fifteen years after the surveillance program was commenced, all patients were contacted and asked to complete a short questionnaire. Results: 57 men were diagnosed with TML with no concurrent or previous testicular tumour. The mean period of follow up was 28.4 months (3–102). Only one man developed testicular cancer during the follow up period. Conclusions: We currently recommend regular testicular self-examination of all men with TML and reserve USS surveillance for selected patients with associated risk factors for testicular malignancy.
Denial of pain relief during labor to parturients in southeast Nigeria
Authors: Chigbu Chibuike O. , Onyeka Tonia C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the experiences of parturients with regard to pain relief during labor in Enugu, Nigeria.MethodsWomen attending the prenatal clinics of 3 maternity care centers were interviewed via pre‐tested interviewer‐administered questionnaires between August 2010 and January 2011. Both open and closed questions were asked to evaluate the opinions and experiences of the respondents with regard to labor analgesia in previous pregnancies.ResultsOverall, 34.1% of respondents were aware of their right to labor pain relief. Only 33.5% of maternal requests for labor pain relief were granted. Women who did not request labor analgesia indicated ignorance and fear of labor caregivers as their major reasons.ConclusionMost women in southeast Nigeria are unaware of their right to pain relief in labor. Ignorance and fear of unfavorable reactions from labor caregivers are hindering women from requesting labor analgesia. There is a need to address the issue of refusal of maternal requests for labor pain relief because it constitutes a violation of the fundamental right of the parturient and an unnecessary breach of medical ethics.
Pudendal thigh flap in the treatment of acquired gynatresia from caustic pessaries
Authors: Ugburo Andrew O. , Mofikoya Bolaji O. , Oluwole Ayodeji A. , Fadeyibi Idowu O. , Abidoye Gbadegesin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the use of vaginoplasty with the pudendal thigh flap in patients with gynatresia caused by herbal pessaries in a multidisciplinary context.MethodsThe study included patients with herbal‐pessary‐induced vaginitis and gynatresia. Surgical treatment consisted of vaginoplasty with the pudendal thigh flap; patients with associated fibroids had a myomectomy during the same setting. The severity of the stenosis and the outcome after surgery were assessed with rating scales devised for the present study.ResultsThe study included 21 patients (mean age 36.05 ± 1.69 years, range 18–50 years). The most common reason for herbal pessary use was fibroids with infertility. Prior to presentation, most patients had already undergone a median of 2 procedures involving vaginal adhesiolysis and dilatations without improvement. In total, 17 (80.9%) patients underwent surgery. Of these, 6 (35.3%) presented with both fibroids and gynatresia. Before surgery, all patients had poor sexual function with apareunia. Postoperatively, 11 (64.7%) patients reported painless sexual intercourse.ConclusionJoint management by plastic surgeons and gynecologists using the pudendal thigh flap for vaginoplasty in caustic gynatresia resulted in a functional vagina. Simultaneous myomectomy and vaginoplasty in patients with fibroids and gynatresia was safe.
A population‐based register study to determine indications for episiotomy in Finland
Authors: Räisänen Sari , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri , Gisler Mika , Heinonen Seppo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether there is a shift in the episiotomy target group from women at low risk to those at high risk of obstetric anal sphincter injuries, concomitant with a decrease in the use of episiotomy.MethodsA population‐based register of 514 741 women with singleton vaginal deliveries recorded in the Finnish Medical Birth Register was reviewed. Primiparous and multiparous women with episiotomy were compared to women without episiotomy for possible risk factors via stepwise logistic regression analysis. The prevalence and risk of episiotomy were evaluated over 5 time periods from 1997 to 2007.ResultsThe occurrence of episiotomy decreased from 71.5% in 1997–1999 to 54.9% in 2006–2007 among primiparous women, and from 21.5% in 1997–2001 to 9.2% in 2006–2007 among multiparous women. The use of episiotomy decreased in not only low‐risk but also high‐risk women who had operative vaginal or breech deliveries, macrosomic newborns, and oxytocin augmentation. The ratio of episiotomy use remained relatively unchanged in different subgroups even though episiotomy policy became increasingly restrictive over time.ConclusionsThe spectrum of episiotomy indications has not changed over time, and use of episiotomy has declined arbitrarily to a similar extent among high‐ and low‐risk women.
Medical, ethical, and legal considerations in fertility preservation
Authors: Shah Divya K. , Goldman Edward , Fisseha Senait 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe past 2 decades have seen a significant rise in cancer survival rates, and an increasing proportion of survivors at reproductive age are interested in childbearing. Although assisted reproduction provides physicians with an array of potential possibilities to help patients whose fertility is compromised by cancer treatment, there is still a dearth of regulation regarding the application of this technology. The present paper reviews the current options for fertility preservation, with a particular focus on the legal and ethical challenges that confront providers of this type of care.
Occupational health in health care workers
Authors: Hofmann Friedrich , Stößel Ulrich 
Published: July 2011

Summary
Since the second half of the 20th century occupational health in health care workers is a well-established part of occupational medicine. Identification of environmental, biological, chemical, physical, and psychosocial hazards has lead to a number of preventive measures: Technical (e.g. use of safe instruments and double gloving as protection) and immunological (vaccinations) measures against biological hazards), and technical (lifting aides) and personal (back-schools) intervention to prevent musculoskeletal disorders are well-designed examples.