bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D2‐40 highlights lymphatic vessel proliferation of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia
Authors: Miteva M. , Galimberti M. L. , Ricotti C. , Breza T. , Kirsner R. , Romanelli P. 
Published: July 2009

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a benign, uncommon idiopathic condition, characterized by cutaneous papules or nodules, whose etiopathogenesis is still unclear. It has been considered an angioproliferating lesion (epithelioid hemangioma) since histologically it is marked by a proliferation of blood vessels, accompanied by an inflammatory infiltrate, consisting mainly of lymphocytes and eosinophils.We present a case of ALHE assessed immunohistochemically for D2‐40—a new marker for lymphatic endothelial cells. A biopsy specimen obtained from the same anatomical area of a healthy individual served as a normal control. The ALHE specimen showed increased number of lymphatic vessels when stained for D2‐40, whereas the endothelial cells lining blood vessels were negative. The specificity of D2‐40 for lymphatic vessels was further substantiated by studying Factor VIII‐related antigen expression in consecutive sections of both ALHE and the control specimen. A reverse pattern was appreciated—blood vessels showed Factor VIII positive labeling, whereas lymphatic endothelial cells remained unlabeled.We therefore assume that apart from the lymphocytic infiltrate in the lesion, the recognized lymphoid component in ALHE is due to lymphatic vessel proliferation as well. Hence, this condition may be considered as possibly derived from lymphatic endothelium.
Diagnosis of mycosis fungoides with different algorithmic approaches
Authors: Furmanczyk Paul S , Wolgamot Gregory M , Kussick Steve J , Sabath Dan E , Olerud John E , Argenyi Zsolt B 
Published: July 2009

Background: Algorithmic scoring approaches for evaluating early cases of mycosis fungoides (MF) provide a degree of diagnostic standardization. At the UWMC, biopsies from clinically concerning cases for MF are individually reviewed by a panel of pathologists and an average score is assigned to each biopsy reflecting the degree of suspicion for a diagnosis of MF; however, such an approach may not be practical outside of an academic center.Methods: 78 cases characterized in our institution, with the diagnosis confirmed by clinicopathologic correlation/clinical follow‐up were evaluated with two different algorithms, based entirely on histologic evaluation (Guitart algorithm) and partial implementation of the ISCL algorithm evaluating histology, immunohistochemistry and T‐cell clonality.Results: A receiver operating characteristic curve comparing the results of the two approaches in early MF cases showed no statistical difference between the areas under the two curves. Increased stages of MF showed variable loss of T‐cell antigens by immunohistochemistry and higher rates of detectable clonality.Conclusion: We could not document a statistically significant advantage of adding ancillary immunohistochemical and molecular testing to careful histologic evaluation in the workup of suspected cases of early MF. A systemic approach to histologic diagnosis by a single pathologist correlated favorably to the MF panel diagnosis.
Different Stimuli Reduce Attraction to Pollinators in Male and Female Figs in the Dioecious Fig Ficus hispida
Authors: Hu Hao‐Yuan , Jiang Zi‐Feng , Niu Li‐Ming , Fu Yue‐Guan , Peng Zheng‐Qiang , Huang Da‐Wei 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTFig trees (Ficus) and their obligate pollinating wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae) are a classic example of a coevolved mutualism. Pollinating wasps are attracted to figs only when figs are receptive. It has been shown that figs will lose their attraction to pollinators sooner in monoecious and male dioecious figs when multiple pollinators have entered the enclosed inflorescence. However, little is known about the nature of the stimulus inducing the loss of attraction. By conducting experiments on the functionally dioecious fig, Ficus hispida, we show that (1) different stimuli induce the loss of attraction in each sex, pollination in female figs, and oviposition in male figs; and (2) foundress number affects the loss of attraction in both sexes only when the prerequisites (i.e., pollination in female figs and oviposition in male figs) have been satisfied. In general, the more foundresses that enter, the earlier the fig will lose its receptivity. We argue that the stimuli in male and female figs are adaptations to the fulfillment of its respective reproduction.
Resolving the high redshift Lyα forest in smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations
Authors: Bolton James S. , Becker George D. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
We use a large set of cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations to examine the effect of mass resolution and box size on synthetic Lyα forest spectra at 2 ≤z≤ 5. The mass resolution requirements for the convergence of the mean Lyα flux and flux power spectrum at z= 5 are significantly stricter than at lower redshift. This is because transmission in the high redshift Lyα forest is primarily due to underdense regions in the intergalactic medium (IGM), and these are less well resolved compared to the moderately overdense regions which dominate the Lyα forest opacity at z≃ 2–3. We further find that the gas density distribution in our simulations differs significantly from previous results in the literature at large overdensities (Δ &gt; 10). We conclude that studies of the Lyα forest at z= 5 using SPH simulations require a gas particle mass of Mgas≤ 2 × 105h−1 M⊙, which is ≳8 times the value required at z= 2. A box size of at least 40 h−1 Mpc is preferable at all redshifts.
Religious Education in Contemporary Japan
Authors: Inoue Nobutaka 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn Japan, religious education is usually divided into three categories: education concerning knowledge about religions or religious knowledge; the inculcation of religious sentiment; and confessional education. Education regarding religious knowledge can be taught at public schools, while confessional education is prohibited. There have been extensive discussions on the inculcation of religious sentiment since the postwar period. Some insist that it should be taught even within public schools. Others strongly oppose this view due primarily to the perceived negative consequences of the imposition of state Shinto during the prewar period when the state and religion (Shrine Shinto) were inextricably bound. The Basic Law on Education was revised in December 2006, soon after the inauguration of Abe Shinzo cabinet. The article concerning religious education was moderated slightly with ‘a general learning regarding religion’ added to the statute language. However, as Japanese society has tended to avoid discussions regarding religious education in the postwar period, it is likely to be quite difficult to establish a new education plan based on the already well‐entrenched positions, particularly with respect to the inculcation of religious sentiment. The idea of ‘religious culture education’ has been introduced recently as a possible way through this impasse. It aims to promote deeper understanding of both Japanese and foreign religious culture. Such a religious education could be practiced, it is argued, even at public schools. The result of questionnaire surveys and other research carried out in recent years shows that religious culture education would be far more acceptable to people, including students, than the inculcation of religious sentiment. Proponents argue that religious culture education is particularly necessary when considered in the context of globalization, the information age (i.e., Internet), and the ‘cults’ problem in the wake of the Aum affair. This essay reviews the historical background to this important and highly debated issue in contemporary Japan and provides a summary of the ‘religious culture education’ proposal currently under consideration.
Development of a Multilocus Microsatellite Typing Approach for Discriminating Strains of
Leishmania
(
Viannia
) Species
Authors: Oddone Rolando , Schweynoch Carola , Schönian Gabriele , dos Santos de Sousa Cintia , Cupolillo Elisa , Espinosa Diego , Arevalo Jorge , Noyes Harry , Mauricio Isabel , Kuhls Katrin 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT

A multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) approach based on the analysis of 15 independent loci has been developed for the discrimination of strains belonging to different
Viannia
species. Thirteen microsatellite loci were isolated de novo from microsatellite-enriched libraries for both
Leishmania braziliensis
and
L. guyanensis
. Two previously identified markers, AC01 and AC16, were modified and added to our marker set. Markers were designed to contain simple dinucleotide repeats flanked by the minimal possible number of nucleotides in order to allow variations in repeat numbers to be scored as size variations of the PCR products. The 15 markers in total were amplified for almost all of the strains of
Viannia
tested; one marker did not amplify from the two
L. peruviana
strains included in the study. When 30 strains of
L. braziliensis
, 21 strains of
L. guyanensis
, and 2 strains of
L. peruviana
were tested for polymorphisms, all strains except two strains of
L. guyanensis
had individual MLMT types. Distance-based analysis identified three main clusters. All strains except one strain of
L. guyanensis
grouped together. Two clusters consisted of strains of
L. braziliensis
according to their geographical origins. The two strains of
L. peruviana
grouped together with strains of
L. braziliensis
from Peru and the adjacent Brazilian state of Acre. MLMT has proven capable of individualizing strains even from the same areas of endemicity and of detecting genetic structures at different levels. MLMT is thus applicable for epidemiological and population genetic studies of strains within the subgenus
Viannia
.
A membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase fromThalassiosira pseudonanaregulates acyl composition of glycerolipidsThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue from the National Research Council of Canada – Plant Biotechnology Institute.
Authors: Xu Jingyu , Zheng Zhifu , Zou Jitao 
Published: July 2009

To what extent fatty acyltransferases control fatty acid composition in glycerolipids is largely unknown. To gain some insight into this process, we characterized a membrane-bound glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), designated TpGPAT, from the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle & Heim. The glycerolipids from T. pseudonana consist predominantly of 16:0, 16:1ω7, and 20:5ω3 fatty acids. Heterologous expression of TpGPAT in a yeast GPAT-deficient mutant (gat1) demonstrated that TpGPAT could effectively use glycerol-3-phosphate, but not dihydroxyacetone phosphate, as fatty acyl acceptor. This enzyme highly preferred 16:0 in an in vitro enzyme assay, and discriminated against the monounsaturated 16-carbon fatty acid. Accordingly, expression of TpGPAT in gat1 resulted in approximately 18% and 12% increases of 16:0 in triacylglycerols and phospholipids, respectively. The unsaturated fatty acids, 16:1 and 18:1, on the other hand, were reduced by 15% and 21% in these two lipid species. Collectively, the results demonstrate that TpGPAT possesses a high substrate preference for 16:0-CoA and it exerts a large effect on the fatty-acid composition of glycerolipids.
Progress and opportunities in seed genomics research at the Plant Biotechnology InstituteThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue from the National Research Council of Canada – Plant Biotechnology Institute.
Authors: Keller Wilf , Bekkaoui Faouzi 
Published: July 2009

Seed crops play a major role in the global food and feed supply industries. Cereals, oilseeds, and legumes are the predominant seed crops grown in Canada. Brassica napus L. (canola) is the most important oilseed, and currently contributes over $13 billion to the Canadian economy (Canola Council of Canada). The value of oilseed crops, canola in particular, is expected to grow owing to the increasing demand for food, feed, and bioproduct (including biodiesel) applications. In the last 6 years, the Plant Biotechnology Institute (PBI) of the National Research Council Canada, in partnership with several collaborators, has been involved in the study of oilseed crops genomics, in particular Brassica spp., to improve our understanding of this important crop. The research is providing insights into key gene function that can be applied to the improvement of crop performance, productivity, and quality, to meet the increased demand. PBI has focused its activities on two strategic areas. First, the generation of genomics resources that can be used for the study of B. napus and related species. The resources include the development of expressed sequence tags (ESTs), genomic DNA sequences, and the development of DNA arrays. Secondly, a systematic analysis of seed development and composition aimed at improving our understanding of the seed biology. Similar genomics tools developed in Brassica are now being developed in other crops including flax and legumes. Progressing from genomics to functional genomics, these research engagements will be a significant step towards understanding the molecular processes underlying seed composition, quality, yield, and stress resistance of plants thus facilitating the development of elite germplasm.
Down-regulation of galactinol synthesis in oilseedBrassica napusleads to significant reduction of antinutritional oligosaccharidesThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue from the National Research Council of Canada – Plant Biotechnology Institute.
Authors: Bock Cheryl , Ray Heather , Georges Fawzy 
Published: July 2009

The utility of defatted seed meal from many crops such as canola ( Brassica napus L.) is limited by the presence of antinutritional factors, including sucrose galactosides, raffinose, and stachyose. Anaerobic breakdown of these sugars in the digestive tract of livestock is a major source of production of farm gases. In this report, the gene encoding galactinol synthase was isolated from B. napus and reintroduced into the same species in an antisense orientation to limit the production of galactinol, an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of raffinose and stachyose. This approach substantially reduced the accumulation of galactinol and stachyose in mature transgenic canola seed. Substantial changes in the mRNA levels of galactinol synthase and several sugar-related genes were also observed.
Paleomagnetism and U–Pb geochronology of the Clarence Head dykes, Arctic Canada: orthogonal emplacement of mafic dykes in a large igneous province
Authors: Denyszyn Steven W. , Davis Don W. , Halls Henry C. 
Published: July 2009

The north–south-trending Clarence Head dyke swarm, located on Devon and Ellesmere Islands in the Canadian High Arctic, has a trend orthogonal to that of the Neoproterozoic Franklin swarm that surrounds it. The Clarence Head dykes are dated by the U–Pb method on baddeleyite to between 716 ± 1 and 713 ± 1 Ma, ages apparently younger than, but within the published age range of, the Franklin dykes. Alpha recoil in baddeleyite is considered as a possible explanation for the difference in ages, but a comparison of the U–Pb ages of grains of equal size from both swarms suggests that recoil distances in baddeleyite are lower than those in zircon and that the Clarence Head dykes are indeed a distinctly younger event within the period of Franklin magmatism. The Clarence Head dykes represent a large swarm tangential to, and cogenetic with, a giant radiating dyke swarm ∼800 km from the indicated source. The preferred mechanism for the emplacement of the Clarence Head dykes is the exploitation of concentric zones of extension around a depleting and collapsing plume source. While the paleomagnetism of most Clarence Head dykes agrees with that of the Franklin dykes, two dykes have anomalous remanence directions, interpreted to be a chemical remanent magnetization carried by pyrrhotite. The pyrrhotite was likely deposited from fluids mobilized southward from the Devonian Ellesmerian Orogeny to the north that used the interiors of the dykes as conduits and precipitated pyrrhotite en route.
Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Wapiti Formation, west-central Alberta, Canada
Authors: Fanti Federico , Catuneanu Octavian 
Published: July 2009

The lithostratigraphic interval between the marine Puskwaskau Formation (Smoky Group, Santonian–Campanian) and the fluvial Scollard Formation (early Maastrichtian) in west-central Alberta and easternmost British Columbia (Canada) is represented by the nonmarine deposits of the Wapiti Formation. Its subdivision into regionally mappable stratigraphic units and the correlation of such units with the better known successions of central and southern Alberta are the main goals of this study. We present a detailed stratigraphic revision of the Wapiti Formation in the Grande Prairie region, where the entire succession crops out extensively and intensive oil and gas exploration activity provides excellent subsurface control. This study indicates that the Wapiti Formation consists in five stratigraphic units: their description has been based in particular on facies analysis and well-log signatures. In ascending order, units 1 to 5 record major differences in depositional architecture related to variation in accommodation and climatic conditions. Upper and lower contacts of these units are represented by regionally mappable subaerial unconformities or conformable facies contacts. Three major coal zones are identified within the Wapiti Formation, the Basal, Red Willow, and Cutbank: coals referred to these intervals have been documented in both outcrop and subsurface in the entire study area, thus representing a reliable tool for regional correlations. Furthermore, results presented here indicate that the maximum flooding surfaces of the Bearpaw seaway and the Drumheller Marine Tongue, both marine reference units in central and southern Alberta, lie, respectively, within coals of unit 3 and the Red Willow coal zone.
Declining lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) energy density: are there too many salmonid predators in the Great Lakes?
Authors: Paterson Gordon , Whittle D. Michael , Drouillard Kenneth G. , Haffner G. Douglas 
Published: July 2009

This study used long-term biomonitoring data on lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ) collected from Lakes Erie, Ontario, Huron, and Superior between 1995 and 2004 to investigate latitudinal and temporal trends in body mass and energy density of this top predator in the Great Lakes. Lake trout average body mass and energy density were observed to have negative relationships with latitude that primarily reflected patterns in lake productivities. Temporal declines in energy density occurred for >80% of all lake trout age classes collected from each of the four lakes between 1995 and 2004. von Bertalanffy (VBL) growth models describing the relationships between fish energy density and age demonstrated decreased growth of lake trout energy density during 2000–2004 relative to 1995–1999. VBL growth coefficients (k) and the slopes describing the rates of change in lake trout energy density were negatively correlated with the total number of lake trout and salmonid individuals released into these lakes during this study. We hypothesize that the temporal declines in lake trout body mass and energy density are a manifestation of a bioenergetic bottleneck for this species due to their inability to efficiently compete with non-native salmonids for depleted prey populations.
Potential methods for measuring the activity patterns and energy use of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Gollock Matthew J. , Hunter Kristopher J. , Syme Douglas A. , Freeman Marcus , McKinley R. Scott , Gamperl A. Kurt 
Published: July 2009

As there are no commercially available acoustic telemetry devices for quantifying the swimming activity and activity-related metabolic expenditures of a wide range of marine species, we (i) examined the suitability of three methods (electromyography; sonomicrometry; and tail differential pressure tags (DPT)) for measuring the swimming speed of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ), and indirectly, metabolic rate (MO2) and (ii) measured the activity pattern of free-swimming cod carrying the DPT. All three methods yielded significant relationships with swim speed during a critical swimming speed (Ucrit) test. However, only the DPT was able to discern between swimming speed differences of 0.1 body lengths (BL)·s–1and provide a strong relationship with MO2. Further, we found that free-swimming cod fitted with the DPT swam at an average speed of 0.33 BL·s–1, the speed previously reported to result in minimal cost of transport for this species. While the DPT has considerable potential for assessing the bioenergetics of marine fishes, the swimming economy of tagged Atlantic cod was lower above 0.4 BL·s–1as compared with untagged fish, and Ucritwas reduced by 25%. These latter effects are likely related to the tag’s present size (39 g) and design.
The influence of land use on stream biofilm nutrient limitation across eight North American ecoregions
Authors: Johnson Laura T. , Tank Jennifer L. , Dodds Walter K. 
Published: July 2009

Nutrient diffusing substrata were used to determine the influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability on community respiration (CR), gross primary production (GPP), and chlorophyll a (chl a) on inorganic and organic substrata. We incubated substrata in nine streams each in a total of eight ecoregions (n = 72 streams) located in a range of native vegetation, agriculture, and urban land-use types. On organic substrata, CR was nutrient-limited in 94% of reference streams but showed significant nutrient limitation in only 60% and 65% of agricultural and urban streams, respectively. The relative magnitude of nutrient limitation for CR on organic substrata decreased with increasing percent modified land use in the basin (agriculture + urban). On inorganic and organic substrata, GPP and chl a were rarely nutrient-limited across all ecoregions and land-use types, although the magnitude of nutrient limitation increased with increasing light availability. The effect of human land use on nutrient limitation of biofilm CR, GPP, and chl a was influenced by ecoregion, yet heterotrophic biofilms were consistently most sensitive to nutrient enrichment across ecoregions. Both heterotrophic and autotrophic biofilm constituents should be considered to fully understand stream ecosystem responses to nutrient enrichment.
Perils and promises of heterotic standard modelsThis paper was presented at the Theory CANADA 4 conference, held at Centre de recherches mathématiques, Montréal, Québec, Canada on 4–7 June 2008.
Authors: Bouchard Vincent 
Published: July 2009

We present an overview of recent progress in obtaining phenomenologically viable four-dimensional low-energy limits of the E8 × E8 heterotic string compactified on smooth non-simply connected Calabi–Yau threefolds. We briefly review the main steps of the construction and present two particular geometric models that lead to interesting four-dimensional phenomenology.