bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drinking in despair: Unintended consequences of automation in China
Authors: Lu Wenyi , Fan Siyuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe side effects of technological progress on the economy have been discussed frequently, but little is known regarding its health consequences. By combining the national individual‐level panel data of alcohol drinking with the prefecture‐level robot exposure rate in China, we find that one more robot exposure rate could induce up to 2.2% points increase in the probability of problem drinking. Such a pattern of problem drinking is explained by negative emotions, which can be ascribed to job loss due to substitution, higher income vulnerability, and reduced organization participation. Further, we provide evidence that automation can incur health costs, particularly for easily substituted workers, which would exacerbate health inequality in China. This paper sheds light on the impact of automation and the social incentives of problem drinking, emphasizing the possibly heterogeneous health cost accompanied by the automation process.
Development and external validation of a head and neck cancer risk prediction model
Authors: Smith Craig D. L. , McMahon Alex D. , Lyall Donald M. , Goulart Mariel , Inman Gareth J. , Ross Al , Gormley Mark , Dudding Tom , Macfarlane Gary J. , Robinson Max , Richiardi Lorenzo , Serraino Diego , Polesel Jerry , Canova Cristina , Ahrens Wolfgang , Healy Claire M. , Lagiou Pagona , Holcatova Ivana , Alemany Laia , Znoar Ariana , Waterboer Tim , Brennan Paul , Virani Shama , Conway David I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck cancer (HNC) incidence is on the rise, often diagnosed at late stage and associated with poor prognoses. Risk prediction tools have a potential role in prevention and early detection.MethodsThe IARC‐ARCAGE European case–control study was used as the model development dataset. A clinical HNC risk prediction model using behavioral and demographic predictors was developed via multivariable logistic regression analyses. The model was then externally validated in the UK Biobank cohort. Model performance was tested using discrimination and calibration metrics.Results1926 HNC cases and 2043 controls were used for the development of the model. The development dataset model including sociodemographic, smoking, and alcohol variables had moderate discrimination, with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.74–0.77); the calibration slope (0.75) and tests were suggestive of good calibration. 384 616 UK Biobank participants (with 1177 HNC cases) were available for external validation of the model. Upon external validation, the model had an AUC of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.61–0.64).ConclusionWe developed and externally validated a HNC risk prediction model using the ARCAGE and UK Biobank studies, respectively. This model had moderate performance in the development population and acceptable performance in the validation dataset. Demographics and risk behaviors are strong predictors of HNC, and this model may be a helpful tool in primary dental care settings to promote prevention and determine recall intervals for dental examination. Future addition of HPV serology or genetic factors could further enhance individual risk prediction.
Comparison of efficacy of plasma exchange versus intravenous immunoglobulin as an add‐on therapy in acute attacks of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Siwach Garima , Hans Rekha , Takkar Aastha , Ahuja Chirag Kamal , Lamba Divjot Singh , Lal Vivek , Sharma Ratti Ram 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionPlasma exchange (PE) is considered a Category II option for the treatment of acute attacks and relapse cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). However, neurologists are also considering intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) as an add‐on therapy for this disorder.AimsThe aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of PE in acute attacks of NMOSD when compared with IVIg, in terms of improvement in the Expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and activities of daily living (ADL) scale score and levels of anti‐Aquaporin P4 (AQP4) antibody in seropositive patients.MethodsWe enrolled 43 NMOSD patients in two groups: Group 1 (n = 29) received steroids and PE, and Group 2 (n = 14) received steroids with IVIg. The baseline EDSS and ADL scores were recorded and compared with scores at the end of therapy, 4 weeks, and 3 months after. Also, anti‐AQP4 antibody was measured at baseline and post‐therapy in seropositive patients of both groups.ResultsWe observed a significant difference in EDSS (p = 0.00) and ADL score (p = 0.00) at day 10 and 3 months in both groups. However, no significant difference in EDSS, as well as ADL score from baseline (p = 0.83; p = 0.25) to 3 months (p = 0.85; p = 0.19), was observed when delta change of score at 3 months was compared across the two groups (p = 0.39; p = 0.52). We observed improved visual acuity in both groups with mild improvement in findings of magnetic resonance imaging at 3 months. We observed a significant decline in AQP4 antibody concentration (at day 10) in group 1 seropositive patients (p = 0.013) with improved EDSS (p = 0.027) and ADL scores (p = 0.026) of these patients.ConclusionsPE should be considered as a choice of an add‐on therapy in anti‐AQP4 antibody‐positive NMOSD patients compared with IVIg as it is more effective in reducing antibody concentrations.
Therapeutic plasma exchange combined with ribavirin to rescue critical SFTS patients
Authors: Song Xuezhen , Xu Xiaojun , Ren Xiaoning , Ruan Xiaoxuan , Bo Jinshuang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). Endemic in East Asia, SFTS is characterized by an exceptionally high mortality rate. Presently, there is no established treatment for SFTS, particularly for patients in critical condition. In this study, we collected and analyzed laboratory and clinical data from 92 critically ill patients with SFTS treated at Weihai Municipal Hospital between 2019 and 2022. We hope that our study will provide some hints for the treatment of critically ill patients with SFTS.MethodsA total of 92 critically ill patients with SFTS were included in this study. Of these patients, 45 received treatment with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and ribavirin (referred to as the TPE group), while the remaining patients received only ribavirin (referred to as the non‐TPE group). Clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThe results showed significant improvements in multiple laboratory parameters following treatment with TPE and ribavirin, including white blood cell and neutrophil count, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase isoenzyme‐MB, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D‐Dimer, serum sodium and copies of virus genomes. The combination of TPE with ribavirin demonstrated a significant reduction in mortality rates, with a mortality rate of 20.0% in the TPE group compared to 40.4% in the non‐TPE group (P = 0.033).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that critically ill patients with SFTS who received TPE and ribavirin experienced improvements in both clinical and laboratory parameters. These results indicate that TPE combined with ribavirin may represent a promising novel therapeutic approach for managing critically ill patients with SFTS. However, comparative studies of large sample size or randomized clinical trials are warranted to confirm the effectiveness of this combination therapy in the treatment of severe SFTS cases.
Mental pathology in the field of personality and psychotic disorders, systematic review of its relationship with the commission of homicide and violent acts
Authors: González Marcos Enrique , Garrido Cano Marta , González‐Bernal Jerónimo J. , Santamaría‐Peláez Mirian , González‐Santos Josefa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMental pathology and violence have been studied by the scientific community, a topic that is sometimes perceived as controversial, partly due to the prevailing stigma around psychiatric disorders. In this project, all those factors concomitant with psychotic pathologies and ‘Cluster B’ antisocial disorders, which could interfere with the commission of violent actions, and their maximum expression, the homicide, are addressed from a comprehensive psychological perspective. To this end, a rigorous methodological selection of 15 high‐impact articles has been carried out, from which the results have been extracted and compared in this systematic review. The findings obtained revolve around the importance of adherence to treatment, the therapeutic alliance, the absence of toxic consumption, and concomitance with other mental pathologies, taking into account the idiosyncratic differences of the subjects, as well as between the pathologies and diagnoses described, always maintaining the comparison between said disorders, and with the population in absence of pathology.
The appendicular skeleton of the enigmatic shark Leptocharias smithii in comparison with other sharks of the order Carcharhiniformes (Elasmobranchii: Leptochariidae)
Authors: Capretz Batista Da Silva João Paulo , Medeiros Jade , Araújo Marcus Vinícius Gonçalves , Lima Danilo Pinto , Mianutti Laura Franco , Mafaldo Henrique , De Lima Arthur , Naylor Gavin J. P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLeptocharias smithii has been poorly explored in anatomical terms. This species bears a mosaic of morphological characters and is considered to represent an intermediate condition between other carcharhiniform clades. In the present paper, the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton of the species is thoroughly investigated and compared with other representatives of the order Carcharhiniformes. Leptocharias bears exclusive characteristics, such as the visible separation of the pro‐ and mesopterygia but it also has an aplesodic pectoral fin, a condition shared with carcharhiniforms placed at the base of the phylogenetic tree and at the same time a chevron‐shaped coracoid bar, a condition characteristic of charcharhiniforms placed at the apex of the phylogenetic tree. Additionally, in an attempt to understand the evolution of its appendicular skeleton and of other carcharhiniforms, 20 characters of the paired fins and girdles are explored and discussed in light of two recent phylogenetic hypotheses. Most of these characters were not previously explored and support not only the monophyly of Carcharhiniformes, such as the mesopterygium overlapping the metapterygium in ventral view, but also the monophyly of the less inclusive clade Hemigaleidae + (Galeocerdonidae + (Carcharhinidae+Sphyrnidae)), such as the morphology and arrangement of the distal radials, which are pointed and spaced.
Funding and resource availability for home parenteral nutrition in Australia: A national cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Wong Darren , Osland Emma , Carey Sharon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHome parenteral nutrition (HPN) is a life‐saving therapy required for the management of type III intestinal failure, one of the rarest organ failures. It requires a multidisciplinary approach to manage the complexity of the underlying medical, surgical, and nutrition issues, but the current levels of healthcare funding in Australia are unknown. This study aimed to quantify the caseload, staffing, and capacity of existing HPN centers nationally.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey inviting centers known to provide HPN care. The survey was designed to capture metrics related to the national framework for the delivery of HPN. These centered on staffing levels, patient load, capacity to audit key outcomes, and service challenges.ResultsA total of 24 (89%) of 27 invited centers responded to the survey. There were 17 (71%) adult centers and 7 (29%) pediatric centers. Adult centers managed a median of 12 (interquartile range [IQR]: 6–25) patients vs 16 (IQR: 9–17) in pediatric centers. Several centers did not have dedicated funding for core team members. The total funded clinician time each week per patient was 7 min (IQR: 0–12 min) in adult centers and 14 min (IQR: 10–21 min) in pediatric centers. Fewer than half of centers reported having sufficient resources to regularly audit key metrics.ConclusionThe availability of dedicated expertise to manage the highly complex needs of people living with type III intestinal failure is lacking in Australia. Current funding of HPN services falls well short of being sufficient to meet the requirements outlined in the national quality framework.
The mediating role of sugar and lipid metabolism and systemic inflammation in the association between breakfast skipping and periodontitis: A population‐based study
Authors: Wang Zhikang , Pu Rui , Zhang Jing , Yang Guoli 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the association between breakfast skipping and periodontitis and the mediating role of sugar and lipid metabolism and systemic inflammation in this association using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018.MethodsThis study included 11,953 participants, representing an estimated 33.9 million people. Complex sample logistic regression was used to assess the independent association between breakfast skipping and periodontitis. Subgroup analysis was conducted with modifiers including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), urban residence, education level, marital status, and diabetes. Structural equation modeling assessed potential mediation by biomarkers related to glucose and lipid metabolism along with systemic inflammation.ResultsThe fully adjusted logistic regression model indicated a positive association between breakfast skipping and periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.234 (1.026–1.483), p = 0.025). This association was highlighted in middle‐aged (40–60 years), female, highly educated, married individuals with BMI < 25 kg/m2, and those in urban areas without diabetes. Blood glucose (β ± SE = 0.006 ± 0.002, p = 0.014), triglycerides (β ± SE = 0.004 ± 0.002, p = 0.033), and white blood cell count (β ± SE = 0.011 ± 0.003, p = 0.003) were identified as partial mediators.ConclusionsA new, independent association between breakfast skipping, and periodontitis has been discovered, which is partially mediated by sugar and lipid metabolism, and systemic inflammation. The findings provide new insights into the benefits of chrononutrition for periodontal health.
The above and the belowground nitrogen allocation strategy of Scirpus mariqueter based on 15N isotope tracing along an elevation gradient and its significance for coastal wetlands restoration
Authors: Gao Xiaofeng , He Ning , Fang Shubo , Zhang Bolun , Wang Maoqiu , He Peimin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundEcological restoration of coastal wetlands has become particularly urgent worldwide as wetland areas have declined dramatically over the past two decades.AimsTo understand the nitrogen allocation strategy of Scirpus mariqueter (S. mariqueter) and provide theory support for future wetland management and restoration.MethodsThe study investigated the response mechanism of S. mariqueter to altitude spatial changes in Nanhui Dongtan from 2017 to 2019 using remote sensing imagery and field surveys. The ecological adaptability of S. mariqueter at different elevations (denoted as A, B, and C for elevations 2.40, 3.15, and 3.49 m, respectively) was analyzed through 15N stable isotope tracing technology. In July and September 2020, 15N‐enriched urea solution was uniformly sprayed onto the leaf surfaces of S. mariqueter at different sites. Plant samples were collected at the end of July and September, and the aboveground, belowground, seed, and rhizome biomass were measured, followed by 15N isotope tests.Results(1) From 2017 to 2019, the biomass of S. mariqueter significantly increased in the elevation change of 0.44–0.48 m, with the maximum aboveground biomass increase of 488.70 g dm−2. The density also increased significantly in the elevation change of 0.13–0.43 m, peaking at 674.02 plants m−2; (2) during the growing period, the biomass of A, B, and C increased. The aboveground portion of the 15N allocation rate accounted for 74%–84%. The belowground portion of the 15N allocation rate positively correlated with elevation; (3) during the reproductive period, elevation positively correlated with the 15N distribution rate of seeds and corms, as well as the biomass allocation rate of seeds and aboveground portions. The 15N allocation rate of the corms was higher than that of seeds. Additionally, elevation exhibited a negative correlation with belowground biomass allocation rate. (4) Point A has the highest difference of above and belowground biomass proportion, and 15N isotope allocation. Area of point A is the critical area affecting vegetation expansion and should be paid more attention in the future work of coastal management and restoration.ConclusionThere is an adaption strategy of S. mariqueter that affects the plant‐soil interaction and the biogeomorphological development process along the elevation gradient.
Investigation into pectin extraction and technological implementations in the food industry
Authors: Cherian Elsa , TS Khadeeja , KN Saheersha , KS Ashitha , Poothicote Nisha G 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPectin, a complex polysaccharide found abundantly in the cell walls of fruits and vegetables, plays a pivotal role in various food applications owing to its unique gelling, thickening and stabilizing properties. As consumer preferences lean towards natural and sustainable ingredients, the demand for pectin as a food additive has surged. This burgeoning interest has prompted a comprehensive exploration into both the extraction methods of pectin from its natural sources and its diverse technological applications in the food industry. The extraction process involves breaking down the plant cell wall to release the pectin. Traditional methods such as hot acid extraction have been widely used, but advances in technology have spurred the development of novel techniques like enzyme‐assisted extraction and microwave‐assisted extraction. These methods aim not only to enhance the yield and purity of extracted pectin but also to minimize environmental impact and energy consumption. Pectin's versatility has positioned it as a valuable ingredient in the food industry. Its ability to form gels under specific conditions makes it a key component in the production of jams, jellies and fruit preserves. Additionally, pectin acts as a stabilizer in dairy products, prevents syneresis in baked goods and improves the texture of confectionery items. The application of pectin goes beyond its role as a gelling agent; it is also employed in the encapsulation of bioactive compounds, enhancing the functional properties of various food products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Can dual mulching outperform single mulching in arid agriculture—Loess Plateau? A meta‐analysis based on crop yield and water use efficiency
Authors: Li Yan , Fan Chenzhe , Liu Jiaxin , Yuan Weijun , Zhang Kuandi , Li Ziyan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractField mulching is an important technique for dryland crop cultivation in the Loess Plateau (LP) of China, which alleviates the local agricultural water shortage. However, under different precipitation and temperature conditions, the effects of mulching on moisture conservation and yield enhancement are not consistent. A meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the variations of mulching across various variables (mulching types, rainfall precipitation and annual average temperature) based on data from 203 peer‐reviewed publications, including 1466 yield and 991 water use efficiency data points. The results indicated that compared with no mulching (CK), plastic mulching (PM), straw mulching (SM), and dual plastic and straw mulching (SPM) significantly increased both yield and water use efficiency (WUE), with SPM demonstrating the most substantial yield improvement. Under conditions of low temperature (<7°C), PM significantly improved both crop yield and WUE. Similarly, when temperatures were below 7°C and rainfall ranged from 400 to 600 mm, SM also significantly enhanced yield and WUE. Compared with PM, SM does not enhance yield and WUE under high‐temperature low‐precipitation (>12°C, ≤400 mm) and low‐temperature high‐precipitation (≤7°C, >600 mm) conditions. SPM outperforms SM and PM in enhancing yield and WUE under diverse hydrothermal conditions. Furthermore, we conducted green development assessment using the DPSIR model, and after 20 years of development, we found that green development potential of SM and SPM is greater than that of PM. Overall, SPM not only enhances crop yield and WUE but also serves as an effective replacement for PM, thereby boosting crop production in dryland agriculture. Its crucial role in advancing regional green development has been validated by scientific research.
Beyond the Charge: Interplay of Nanogels’ Functional Group and Zeta‐Potential for Antifungal Drug Delivery to Human Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus Fumigatus
Authors: Vogel Theresa , Kohlmann Simon , Abboud Zahraa , Thusek Sina , Fella Franziska , Teßmar Joerg , Sekimizu Kazuhisa , Miyashita Atsushi , Beilhack Andreas , Groll Jürgen , Yu Yidong , Albrecht Krystyna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ubiquitous mold Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is one of the main fungal pathogens causing invasive infections in immunocompromised humans. Conventional antifungal agents exhibit limited efficacy and often cause severe side effects. Nanoparticle‐based antifungal delivery provides a promising alternative, which can increase local drug concentration; while, mitigating toxicity, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy. Previous research underscores the potential of poly(glycidol)‐based nanogels (NG) with negative surface charge as carriers for delivering antifungals to A. fumigatus hyphae. In this study, NG is tailored with 2‐carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA) or with phosphoric acid 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (PHA). It is discovered that quenching with PHA clearly improves the adhesion of NG to hyphal surface and the internalization of NG into the hyphae under protein‐rich conditions, surpassing the outcomes of non‐quenched and CEA‐quenched NG. This enhancement cannot be solely attributed to an increase in negative surface charge but appears to be contingent on the functional group of the quencher. Further, it is demonstrated that itraconazole‐loaded, PHA‐functionalized nanogels (NGxPHA‐ITZ) show lower MIC in vitro and superior therapeutic effect in vivo against A. fumigatus compared to pure itraconazole. This confirms NGxPHA as a promising antifungal delivery system.
Topological quantum materials for spintronics
Authors: Duan Jinyu , Hu Shuai , Wang Ping , Zhang Delin , Jiang Yong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpintronics is an innovative field that exploits the intrinsic spin property of electrons instead of their charge, holding the promise of revolutionizing conventional electronic devices. Over the past decade, researchers have been actively exploring new materials as potential replacements for traditional spintronic materials. This endeavor is driven by the aspiration to create spintronic devices with ultralow power consumption, ultrahigh storage density, and remarkable stability. In recent years, topological quantum materials (TQMs) have attracted considerable interest due to their unique band structure and exceptional properties. These materials carry the potential to pave the way for breakthroughs in the design of spintronic devices, offering promising solutions to solve challenges currently faced in the field of spintronics. In this review, we first introduce the properties of various TQMs, including band structure and crucial transport properties. Subsequently, we focus on the diverse applications of TQMs in spintronics. Delving further, we discuss the current challenges and the potential directions for advancing and exploring TQMs.