bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Study on WO3‐Infiltrated W–Cu–ScYSZ Anodes for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Mohammed Hussain A. , Sudireddy B. R. , Høgh J. V. T. , Bonanos N. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPreparation and electrochemical characterization of WO3‐infiltrated 0.48W–0.52Cu–ScYSZ (WCS) anode for solid oxide fuel cell are reported. The DC conductivity of a WO3 ceramic was 1,200 and 24 S cm–1 in reducing and oxidizing atmospheres, respectively, at 650 °C. WCS porous backbones in the form of symmetric cells were prepared by screen printing of WO3–CuO–ScYSZ ink and subsequent sintering at 1,300 °C for 1 h in 9% H2/N2. Analysis of the sintered backbone by X‐ray diffraction showed the metallic W and Cu phases. Precursor solutions of WO3 or CuO were infiltrated into porous WCS backbones to form the anode. The electrochemical performance of these anodes measured by impedance spectroscopy showed polarization resistances of 11 and 6.5 Ω cm2 for WO3 and CuO infiltrated anodes, respectively, at 600 °C in humidified hydrogen. Activation energy values of 86.8 and 96.5 kJ mol–1 were obtained for WO3 and CuO infiltrated WCS anodes, respectively. The microstructure of the tested anodes showed well‐dispersed sub‐micron particles of WO3 in the WCS backbone whereas CuO infiltration resulted in a dense microstructure.
Parabens enable suspension growth of MCF‐10A immortalized, non‐transformed human breast epithelial cells
Authors: Khanna Sugandha , Darbre Philippa D. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTParabens (alkyl esters of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid) are used extensively as preservatives in consumer products, and intact esters have been measured in several human tissues. Concerns of a potential link between parabens and breast cancer have been raised, but mechanistic studies have centred on their oestrogenic activity and little attention has been paid to any carcinogenic properties. In the present study, we report that parabens can induce anchorage‐independent growth of MCF‐10A immortalized but non‐transformed human breast epithelial cells, a property closely related to transformation and a predictor of tumour growth in vivo. In semi‐solid methocel suspension culture, MCF‐10A cells produced very few colonies and only of a small size but the addition of 5 × 10‐4 M methylparaben, 10–5 M n‐propylparaben or 10–5 M n‐butylparaben resulted in a greater number of colonies per dish (P < 0.05 in each case) and an increased average colony size (P < 0.001 in each case). Dose‐responses showed that concentrations as low as 10–6 M methylparaben, 10–7 M n‐propylparaben and 10–7 M n‐butylparaben could increase colony numbers (P = 0.016, P = 0.010, P = 0.008, respectively): comparison with a recent measurement of paraben concentrations in human breast tissue samples from 40 mastectomies (Barr et al., 2012) showed that 22/40 of the patients had at least one of the parabens at the site of the primary tumour at or above these concentrations. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that parabens can induce a transformed phenotype in human breast epithelial cells in vitro, and further investigation is now justified into a potential link between parabens and breast carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of visualized transgenic zebrafish as a high throughput model to assay bradycardia related cardio toxicity risk candidates
Authors: Wen Dingsheng , Liu Aiming , Chen Feng , Yang Julin , Dai Renke 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTDrug‐induced QT prolongation usually leads to torsade de pointes (TdP), thus for drugs in the early phase of development this risk should be evaluated. In the present study, we demonstrated a visualized transgenic zebrafish as an in vivo high‐throughput model to assay the risk of drug‐induced QT prolongation. Zebrafish larvae 48 h post‐fertilization expressing green fluorescent protein in myocardium were incubated with compounds reported to induce QT prolongation or block the human ether‐a‐go‐go‐related gene (hERG) K+ current. The compounds sotalol, indapaminde, erythromycin, ofoxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin and roxithromycin were additionally administrated by microinjection into the larvae yolk sac. The ventricle heart rate was recorded using the automatic monitoring system after incubation or microinjection. As a result, 14 out of 16 compounds inducing dog QT prolongation caused bradycardia in zebrafish. A similar result was observed with 21 out of 26 compounds which block hERG current. Among the 30 compounds which induced human QT prolongation, 25 caused bradycardia in this model. Thus, the risk of compounds causing bradycardia in this transgenic zebrafish correlated with that causing QT prolongation and hERG K+ current blockage in established models. The tendency that high logP values lead to high risk of QT prolongation in this model was indicated, and non‐sensitivity of this model to antibacterial agents was revealed. These data suggest application of this transgenic zebrafish as a high‐throughput model to screen QT prolongation‐related cardio toxicity of the drug candidates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding Long‐Term Outcomes of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Brown Molly M. , Bell David S. , Jason Leonard A. , Christos Constance , Bell David E. 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveThis study sought to examine long‐term health, symptom, and disability outcomes among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) by comparing those diagnosed with CFS 25 years ago with healthy controls.MethodOf the 25 participants diagnosed with CFS 25 years ago, 5 self‐reported that they maintained a diagnosis of CFS, while 20 reported no longer having a diagnosis. These two groups were compared with healthy controls on outcomes related to functioning and symptom severity.ResultsThose who remitted from CFS showed significantly more impairment on 21 out of 23 outcomes compared with controls. On 17 outcomes, those who remitted had nonsignificant differences in impairment compared to those who maintained a CFS diagnosis.ConclusionsFindings from this study suggest that over time many individuals will not maintain a CFS diagnosis but will not return to their premorbid level of functioning.
Experiential Self‐Focus Writing as a Facilitator of Processing an Interpersonal Hurt
Authors: Yu‐Hsin Liao Kelly , Wei Meifen , Russell Daniel W. , Abraham W. Todd 
Published: June 2012

ObjectivesThis study examined the effects of experiential self‐focus writing on changes in psychological outcomes (i.e., unforgiveness and negative affect) after an interpersonal hurt and the buffering effects of experiential self‐focus writing on the association between anger rumination and these psychological outcomes.DesignA sample of 182 college students who had experienced interpersonal hurt were randomly assigned to either the experiential self‐focus writing condition, in which participants wrote about their feelings and experiences related to the hurt, or to a control writing condition in which they wrote about a recent neutral event.ResultsLatent growth curve analyses indicated that changes in unforgiveness over time did not differ between the experiential self‐focus writing and the control writing conditions. However, relative to the control writing condition, negative affect decreased faster during writing and increased more slowly at follow‐ups in the experiential self‐focus writing condition.ConclusionsThe results supported the hypothesis that negative affect resulting from an interpersonal hurt would significantly decrease over time among participants in the experiential self‐focus writing group compared with the control group. Implications of experiential self‐focus writing for interpersonal hurt and directions for future studies are discussed.
RECONSTRUCTING RECENT LAND DEGRADATION IN THE SEMI‐ARID KAROO OF SOUTH AFRICA: A PALAEOECOLOGICAL STUDY AT COMPASSBERG, EASTERN CAPE
Authors: Mighall T. M. , Foster I. D. L. , Rowntree K. M. , Boardman J. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper forms part of an ongoing, multidisciplinary study of land degradation in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A series of studies of erosion, runoff and the development of gullies, badlands and sediment delivery to small farm reservoirs in the Sneeuberg uplands have shown that the semi‐arid Karoo is vulnerable to soil erosion. Cereal cultivation and increased livestock numbers are thought to have played a major role in triggering erosion over the last 200 years. To test this assumption, we analysed pollen, non‐pollen palynomorphs and microscopic charcoal from sediments that have infilled one farm dam since the 1930s and which is located in the Sneeuberg uplands of the Eastern Cape. The results, supported by sediment source tracing, indicate that soil erosion was closely associated with agricultural activity. The reconstructions appear to be in agreement with historical documentary records. However, records of livestock stocking densities were found to be insufficiently detailed to enable direct matching against microfossil proxies for grazing, especially the coprophilous fungal spore, Sporormiella type. This study demonstrates the importance of combining sediment tracing techniques with palynological analyses to provide a more informed interpretation of land use changes as recorded by lake and reservoir sediments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of safety and efficacy of the TriPollar technology for treatment of wrinkles
Authors: Shapiro Steven D. , Eros Yoav , Abrahami Yoav , Leviav Amos 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntroductionPatient demand for non‐surgical, non‐invasive, and no‐downtime wrinkle reduction treatment procedures has grown dramatically over the past decade as new treatments and technologies have been introduced. This study was performed in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the TriPollar radiofrequency (RF) technology and intended for wrinkle reduction treatment.MethodsThirty‐seven Subjects were recruited in two sites and were treated for the reduction of facial wrinkles and rhytides and followed for 3 months after the last treatment. The safety of using the TriPollar system was established by the physicians' assessments and observations of adverse events after each treatment. To evaluate treatment efficacy, pre‐ and post‐treatment photos were assessed using a blinded evaluation by two uninvolved physicians.ResultsNo unexpected adverse side effects were detected or reported. All subjects participating in the study reported no pain or mild pain during the treatments. The photographic analysis of pre‐ and post‐treatment by the two blinded physicians revealed improvement (downgrade of at least 1 score according to the Fitzpatrick scale) in 94% (according to first reviewer) and 97% (according to second reviewer) of study subjects. All patients (100%) were satisfied from treatment results to a different extent.ConclusionsThe results of this study clearly indicate that the TriPollar system offers a non‐invasive, effective, safe and virtually painless wrinkle and rhytides reduction treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 453–458, 2012. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surface layer‐preserving photodynamic therapy (SPPDT) in a subcutaneous mouse model of lung cancer
Authors: Kawakubo Masayoshi , Eguchi Keisuke , Arai Tsunenori , Kobayashi Koichi , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) may be a less invasive treatment for lung cancer. Our newly developed surface layer‐preserving PDT (SPPDT) technique enables us to irradiate deep tumor while preserving the overlying tissue. The aim of this basic study was to verify that the SPPDT technique might be applied to lung cancer.Study Design/Materials and MethodsPDT with talaporfin sodium was performed using a pulsed laser with different pulse dose rates (PDRs, 2.5–20.0 mJ/cm2/pulse) in a mouse model of subcutaneous tumor. To mimic the tracheal wall structure and a thoracic tumor in the tracheobronchus, we also made a mouse model in which a piece of swine cartilage was placed between the dermis and the tumor, and PDT was carried out 2 weeks after implantation. In both experiments, the tissue samples were collected 48 hours after PDT and evaluated microscopically.ResultsSPPDT using a high‐PDR laser damaged the underlying tissue but left the superficial tissue intact in the mouse subcutaneous tumor model. In SPPDT, a higher PDR produced a thicker layer of intact superficial tissue than a lower PDR, while a lower PDR produced a deeper layer of damaged tissue than a higher PDR. SPPDT was also able to preserve the superficial tissue and to damage the tumor tissue beneath the cartilage implant.ConclusionSPPDT was able to damage tumor beneath the superficial normal tissue layer, which included tracheal cartilage in the mouse model. The thickness control of SPPDT was provided by controlling laser pulse intensity. SPPDT is a new technology, whose future potential is unknown. The initial clinical application of this technology could be endoscopic treatment (e.g., palliative therapy of thoracic malignancies via bronchoscopy). Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 500–507, 2012. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The polyol pathway in the bovine oviduct
Authors: Larose Jessica , Laflamme Julie , Côté Isabelle , Lapointe Jérôme , Frenette Gilles , Sullivan Robert , Bilodeau Jean‐François 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe oviducts likely provide optimized micro‐environments for the final maturation of gametes, fertilization, and early embryo development. Hexoses, including glucose, fructose, and sorbitol, are involved in these critical reproductive events. Monosaccharide production is controlled, in part, by the polyol pathway and requires two enzymes: an aldose reductase (AR) that reduces glucose into sorbitol, followed by its oxidation into fructose by sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH). We analyzed the expression of AR and SDH in the isthmus and ampulla of the bovine oviduct at the proliferative, mid‐luteal, and late‐luteal phases of the estrous cycle by quantitative PCR and immunoblots. Immunochemistry and an assay of SDH activity were also performed. The quantity of hexoses in whole sections of isthmus and ampulla were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. In sum, AR expression was restricted to the isthmus, while SDH was mostly expressed in the isthmic–ampullary junction and the ampulla, specifically concentrated in the luminal epithelium of the oviduct. The estrous cycle had no impact on protein expression of AR and SDH. Instead, the levels of AR and SDH expression were associated with higher ratios of sorbitol to fructose in the isthmus (1.6) than in the ampulla (4.1; P = 0.005). These results are discussed in light of physiological events occurring in the oviduct. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 603–612, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Experience of Care at Nurse‐Led Rheumatology Clinics
Authors: Bala Sidona‐Valentina , Samuelson Karin , Hagell Peter , Svensson Björn , Fridlund Bengt , Hesselgard Karin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe how people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experience the care provided by Swedish nurse‐led rheumatology outpatient clinics.MethodsEighteen adult people with a diagnosis of RA who had had at least three documented contact sessions with a nurse‐led clinic were interviewed. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis.ResultsCare was expressed in three categories: social environment, professional approach and value‐adding measures. A social environment including a warm encounter, a familial atmosphere and pleasant premises was desired and contributed to a positive experience of care. The nurses' professional approach was experienced as empathy, knowledge and skill, as well as support. The care was described as person centred and competent, as it was based on the individual's unique experience of his/her disease and needs. The nurses' specialist knowledge of rheumatology and rheumatology care was highly valued. The offered care represented added value for the participants, instilling security, trust, hope and confidence. It was perceived as facilitating daily life and creating positive emotions. The nurse‐led clinics were reported to be easily accessible and provided continuity of the care. These features were presented as fundamental guarantees for health care safety.ConclusionThe experiences emphasized the need for a holistic approach to care. In this process, the organization of care and the role and skills of the nurse should be focused on the individual's needs and perspectives. The social environment, professional approach and value‐adding measures are particularly relevant for optimal care at nurse‐led rheumatology outpatient clinics. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using modified state surface approach to select parameter values in the Barcelona basic model
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Xiao Ming 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThe Barcelona basic model (BBM) successfully explained many key features of unsaturated soils and received extensive acceptance. It is also one of the few elastoplastic constitutive models for unsaturated soils that have been implemented within finite element codes and applied to the analysis of real boundary value problems. The BBM was proposed in incremental forms according to theories of soil plasticity in which individual aspects of the isotropic virgin behavior are controlled by multiple parameters, whereas at the same time, a single parameter controls more than one aspect of soil behavior. Although a variety of methods have been recently developed for calibrating model parameters for elastoplastic soil models, at present, there are no well‐established, simple, and objective methods for selecting parameter values in the BBM from laboratory tests. This has been one of the major obstacles to the dissemination of this constitutive model beyond the research context.This article presents an optimization approach especially developed for simple and objective identification of material parameters in the BBM. This is achieved by combining a modified state surface approach, recently proposed to model the elastoplastic behavior of unsaturated soils under isotropic stress conditions, with the Newton or quasi‐Newton method to simultaneously determine the five parameters governing isotropic virgin behavior in the BBM. The comparison between results using the proposed method and an existing method for the same laboratory tests was discussed from which the simplicity and objectivity of the proposed method were evaluated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Cut‐marked and Fractured Mesolithic Human Bone from Kent's Cavern, Devon, UK
Authors: Schulting R. J. , Bello S. M. , Chandler B. , Higham T. F.G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAn isolated adult human ulna fragment recovered from the ‘black mould’ layer of Kent's Cavern by William Pengelly in 1866 exhibits a series of stone tool cut marks. The specimen has been directly AMS 14C‐dated to 7314–7075 cal bc (OxA‐20588: 8185 ± 38 bp) and may be from the same individual as a maxilla fragment dated to the same period. The cut marks are located on the olecranon process, in a position indicative of dismemberment, whereas the fracture characteristics of the bone furthermore suggest peri‐mortem breakage, typical of butchery for the extraction of marrow. We here present and discuss the specimen and consider both ritual mortuary treatment and anthropophagy as possible explanations. Although it is difficult to interpret a single element in isolation, the latter scenario seems to be better supported and is not without parallel in prehistoric Europe, as indicated by a review of the available literature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precise synthesis of end‐functionalized thermosensitive poly(vinyl ether)s by living cationic polymerization
Authors: Shimomoto Hiroaki , Kanaoka Shokyoku , Aoshima Sadahito 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA series of poly(2‐methoxyethyl vinyl ether)s with narrow molecular weight distributions and with perfectly defined end groups of varying hydrophobicities was successfully synthesized by base‐assisting living cationic polymerization. The end group was shown to greatly affect the temperature‐induced phase separation behavior of aqueous solutions (lower critical solution temperature‐type phase separation) or organic solutions (upper critical solution temperature‐type phase separation) of the polymers. The cloud points were also influenced largely by the molecular weight and concentration of the polymer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of six‐arm star polystyrene‐block‐poly (3‐hexylthiophene) copolymer by combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and click reaction
Authors: Han Dehui , Tong Xia , Zhao Yue 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA novel six‐arm star block copolymer comprising polystyrene (PS) linked to the center and π‐conjugated poly (3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was successfully synthesized using a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and click reaction. First, star‐shaped PS with six arms was prepared via ATRP of styrene with the discotic six‐functional initiator, 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexakis(2‐bromoisobutyryloxy)triphenylene. Next, the terminal bromides of the star‐shaped PS were substituted with azide groups. Afterward, the six‐arm star block copolymer PS‐b‐P3HT was prepared using the click coupling reaction of azide‐terminated star‐shaped PS with alkynyl‐terminated P3HT. Various techniques including 1H NMR, Fourier‐transform infrared and size‐exclusion chromatography were applied to characterize the chemical structures of the intermediates and the target block copolymers. Their thermal behaviors and optical properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and UV–vis spectroscopy. Moreover, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was utilized to observe the morphology of the star block copolymer films. In comparison with two linear diblock copolymer counterparts, AFM results reveal the effect of the star block copolymer architecture on the microphase separation‐induced morphology in thin films. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Healthcare utilization of bereaved relatives of patients who died from cancer. A national population‐based study
Authors: Guldin Mai‐Britt , Jensen Anders Bonde , Zachariae Robert , Vedsted Peter 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveBereavement is likely to result in an increased healthcare utilization. However, little is known about the impact of bereavement on an entire healthcare system, and there is no knowledge of what bereavement requires in terms of healthcare planning. Improved knowledge of patterns of healthcare utilization during bereavement may help optimize targeted support. The objective of this study was to describe patterns of healthcare utilization before and after spousal bereavement because of cancer.MethodsA nationwide population‐based case‐control study of 6659 bereaved spouses and 66,590 age‐matched and gender‐matched controls was conducted using data from Danish national registers covering 2 years pre loss to 2 years post loss. Data were obtained on use of services from general practice, psychiatrists, psychologists, hospitals, and consumption of psychotropic medicines.ResultsBereaved relatives' healthcare utilization and use of medicine increased and peaked around the time of their loss. The rise in healthcare utilization was observable before the loss and during the first years after the loss. A rise was seen in particular in the length of stay at hospitals and in medicine consumption.ConclusionSpousal bereavement because of cancer appears to influence healthcare utilization months before the loss and years after the loss. Specific patterns of health care utilization suggest how different periods during the bereavement trajectory generate different needs. This study creates a basis for further research of the patterns of healthcare utilization during bereavement and healthcare planning in palliative care and the adjustment to spousal loss. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.