bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of shoulder disability resulting from radical and modified neck dissections
Authors: Remmler Daniel , Byers Robert , Scheetz Jan , Shell Barbara , White Georgia , Zimmerman Stuart , Goepfert Helmuth 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA prospective longitudinal study of shoulder function after 103 neck dissections involving either preservation or sacrifice of the spinal accessory nerve is presented. The postoperative evolution and course of trapezius muscle denervation and resultant shoulder dysfunction were objectively determined for both radical and modified nerve sparing neck dissections. All patients were enrolled in a program of physical therapy aimed at maintaining range of motion at the shoulder joint. Shoulder function was examined preoperatively and for 12 months postoperatively with manual muscle strength testing, range of motion measurements, and electrodiagnostic testing. Results indicate that modified nerve sparing dissections are followed on the average by a significant, but temporary and reversible phase of shoulder dysfunction. By comparison, radical neck dissection is followed by profound and permanent trapezius muscle weakness and denervation.
Reconstruction of the subglottic larynx with a myoperiosteal flap: Clinical and experimental study
Authors: Friedman Michael , Grybauskas Vytenis , Toriumi Dean M. , Kaplan Allen , Seiden Allen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe literature describes numerous techniques for reconstruction of the subglottic larynx. The use of rigid bone grafts or flaps has been associated with problems because the rigid bone cannot conform to the defect and form an airtight seal. We have performed subglottic reconstruction using the sternocleidomastoid myoperiosteal flap with very optimistic results on long‐term follow up. The sternocleidomastoid myoperiosteal flap is a relatively simple procedure that can be used for a large variety of defects. The pliable periosteal flap used for closing the defect can be molded over a stent to form an airtight seal. We have demonstrated bone formation in the periosteum which is crucial to the stability of the airway and long‐term success of the procedure. The sternocleidomastoid myoperiosteal flap yields a pliable, durable tissue capable of airtight closure and a tension‐free suture line. This technique will make the closure of subglottic defects a much more practical task.
The Robot Masters: How Japan Has Won the Race to the Robotized Work Place
Authors: Shenkar Oded 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn less than 20 years, Japan has become the undisputed world leader in the use of industrial robots. This article provides a number of explanations for the Japanese lead. These explanations include: (1) a favorable cultural disposition; (2) a limited threat to key workers (and the inability of others to organize); (3) sustained economic growth, labor demand, and capital availability; (4) an effective manufacturer‐user interface; (5) a suitable industrial structure; (6) superior information‐processing and long‐range planning; and (7) supportive government policies. A number of implications for Japan's competitors are outlined, ranging from industrial refocusing to improved management at the plant level and the reinforcement of the linkage between research activities and commercial exploitation.
The Effects of Extended Work on Multi‐Dimensional Judgments of a Manufacturing Process
Authors: Mahan Robert P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe literature suggests that extended work periods are associated with performance decrements on a variety of analytical tasks such as, numeric manipulation, logical reasoning, and search and recognition. However, little empirical research has been conducted examining the effects of extended work regimes on inference tasks. The present study investigated the effects of an extended computerized work regime on inferential and analytical task performance. Statistically significant performance accuracy decrements on an inference task were observed, while no significant accuracy decrements on analytical task performance were found. These results are evaluated in the context of the time‐at‐work explanation for decrements found in extended performance research.
Two P300 generators in the hippocampal formation
Authors: Ludowig Eva , Bien Christian G. , Elger Christian E. , Rosburg Timm 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe presentation of rare target stimuli results in P300 scalp event‐related potentials (ERPs). Generators of this ERP component were found in various brain areas, indicating that multiple cortical and subcortical areas subserve target detection. One of these structures is the mediotemporal lobe (MTL). In the hippocampus, large negative MTL‐P300 potentials are usually observed, whereas reports concerning the rhinal cortex and subiculum are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the topography of the mediotemporal P300. ERPs were recorded in epilepsy patients from multicontact depth electrodes, implanted along the longitudinal axis of MTL. Patients had to respond to rare visual target stimuli by a button press. ERP data from the nonfocal hemisphere of 53 patients were included in the analysis. Target detection resulted in large MTL‐P300 potentials in the hippocampus and subiculum. Their latencies did not differ. The hippocampal P300 amplitude increased linearly from anterior to posterior hippocampal body (HB). In contrast, an inverse gradient with larger mean amplitudes in anterior parts was observed for the subiculum. Our results indicate two separate generators of the MTL‐P300, one in the anterior subiculum and one in the posterior HB. Since latencies did not differ, a parallel activation via the entorhinal cortex might have initiated the simultaneous MTL‐P300. Hippocampus and subiculum are essential parts of the MTL‐memory system. Their function within target detection might be to maintain a template of previous stimuli for a comparison with incoming sensory stimuli. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
KCa2 channels transiently downregulated during spatial learning and memory in rats
Authors: Mpari Bedel , Sreng Leam , Manrique Christine , Mourre Christiane 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSmall‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels (KCa2) are essential components involved in the modulation of neuronal excitability, underlying learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests that KCa2 channel activity reduces synaptic transmission in a postsynaptic NMDA receptor‐dependent manner and is modulated by long‐term potentiation. We used radioactive in situ hybridization and apamin binding to investigate the amount of KCa2 subunit mRNA and KCa2 proteins in brain structures involved in learning and memory at different stages of a radial‐arm maze task in naive, pseudoconditioned, and conditioned rats. We observed significant differences in KCa2.2 and KCa2.3, but not KCa2.1 mRNA levels, between conditioned and pseudoconditioned rats. KCa2.2 levels were transiently reduced in the dorsal CA fields of the hippocampus, whereas KCa2.3 mRNA levels were reduced in the dorsal and ventral CA fields of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and basolateral amygdaloid nucleus in conditioned rats, during early stages of learning. Levels of apamin‐binding sites displayed a similar pattern to KCa2 mRNA levels during learning. Spatial learning performance was positively correlated with levels of apamin‐binding sites and KCa2.3 mRNA in the dorsal CA1 field and negatively correlated in the dorsal CA3 field. These findings suggest that KCa2 channels are transiently downregulated in the early stages of learning and that regulation of KCa2 channel levels is involved in the modification of neuronal substrates underlying new information acquisition. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of Cyclophilin D in learning and memory
Authors: Mouri Akihiro , Noda Yukihiro , Shimizu Shigeomi , Tsujimoto Yoshihide , Nabeshima Toshitaka 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCyclophilin D (Cyp D) is implicated in cell death pathway and blockade of Cyp D could be a potent therapeutic strategy for degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, ischemia, and multiple sclerosis, but physiological role of Cyp D remains elusive. Here, we investigated the ability of learning and memory in several behavioral tasks in mice that lacked Cyp D (Cyp D−/−) and the relationship between ability of learning and memory and hippocampal architecture or neuronal transmission in Cyp D−/− mice. Cyp D−/− mice showed impairments of short‐term memory in the Y‐maze, object recognition memory in the novel‐object recognition test, reference memory in the water maze test, and associative learning in the conditioned fear learning test. Hippocampal infusion of Cyclosporine A, which binds to Cyp D, replicated the defect in hippocampus‐dependent cognition observed in Cyp D−/− mice. The Cyp D−/− mice did not show histopathological abnormalities upon Nissl staining and GFAP immunostaining or irregular expression of neuronal and glial marker proteins on Western blotting. However, release of glutamate and acetylcholine was decreased from the hippocampus in response to high‐potassium treatment in the Cyp D−/− mice than in the wild‐type mice. These results suggest a physiological role for Cyp D in learning and memory via the regulation of neurotransmission. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Opioid withdrawal for 4 days prevents synaptic depression induced by low dose of morphine or naloxone in rat hippocampal CA1 area in vivo
Authors: Dong Zhifang , Han Huili , Cao Jun , Xu Lin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe formation of memory is believed to depend on experience‐ or activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity, which is exquisitely sensitive to psychological stress since inescapable stress impairs long‐term potentiation (LTP) but facilitates long‐term depression (LTD). Our recent studies demonstrated that 4 days of opioid withdrawal enables maximal extents of both hippocampal LTP and drug‐reinforced behavior; while elevated‐platform stress enables these phenomena at 18 h of opioid withdrawal. Here, we examined the effects of low dose of morphine (0.5 mg kg−1, i.p.) or the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (1 mg kg−1, i.p.) on synaptic efficacy in the hippocampal CA1 region of anesthetized rats. A form of synaptic depression was induced by low dose of morphine or naloxone in rats after 18 h but not 4 days of opioid withdrawal. This synaptic depression was dependent on both N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor and synaptic activity, similar to the hippocampal long‐term depression induced by low frequency stimulation. Elevated‐platform stress given 2 h before experiment prevented the synaptic depression at 18 h of opioid withdrawal; in contrast, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU38486 treatment (20 mg kg−1, s.c., twice per day for first 3 days of withdrawal), or a high dose of morphine reexposure (15 mg kg−1, s.c., 12 h before experiment), enabled the synaptic depression on 4 days of opioid withdrawal. This temporal shift of synaptic depression by stress or GR blockade supplements our previous findings of potentially correlated temporal shifts of LTP induction and drug‐reinforced behavior during opioid withdrawal. Our results therefore support the idea that stress experience during opioid withdrawal may modify hippocampal synaptic plasticity and play important roles in drug‐associated memory. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recruitment of hippocampal neurons to encode behavioral events in the rat: Alterations in cognitive demand and cannabinoid exposure
Authors: Goonawardena Anushka V. , Robinson Lianne , Riedel Gernot , Hampson Robert E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSuccessful performance by rats of a delayed‐nonmatch‐to‐sample (DNMS) task is hippocampal dependent. We have shown that neurons in hippocampus differentially encode task‐relevant events. These responses are critical for correct DNMS performance and are diminished by exogenous cannabinoids. We therefore reasoned that hippocampal neural correlates of behavior are likely shaped during learning; however, to date, no work has examined these correlates during DNMS acquisition training. Consequently, the present study assessed the emergence of hippocampal neural encoding when (i) cognitive task demands were increased through prolongation of delay intervals between sample and nonmatch phase and (ii) when animals are under cannabinoid treatment and performance is compromised. Adult, male Long‐Evans rats were trained to perform the DNMS task without delay and then implanted with multielectrode recording arrays directed to CA3 and CA1 subfields of the hippocampus. Following recovery, single units were isolated and animals divided into two treatment groups: vehicle or WIN 55,212‐2 (WIN‐2, 0.35 mg/kg). Ensemble firing was monitored during retraining in DNMS task at 0 s, and subsequently delay intervals were progressively increased to 1–10 s, 11–20 s, and 21–30 s when animals met criterion (80% correct) at each respective interval. Hippocampal CA3 and CA1 principal cells were isolated and recorded throughout treatment. Extension of the delay led to an increase in the number of task‐correlated neurons in controls. This recruitment of novel cells was reduced/prevented in the presence of WIN‐2 and was paralleled by impairment in acquisition learning at longer delay intervals. Moreover, WIN‐2 suppressed hippocampal ensemble firing during the sample (encoding) but not nonmatch phase of the DNMS task across all delays. These cannabinoid‐induced alterations in hippocampal neuronal activity may explain the observed deficits in DNMS performance. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infusions of allopregnanolone into the hippocampus and amygdala, but not into the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex, produce antidepressant effects on the learned helplessness rats
Authors: Shirayama Yukihiko , Muneoka Katsumasa , Fukumoto Makoto , Tadokoro Shigenori , Fukami Goro , Hashimoto Kenji , Iyo Masaomi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPatients with depression showed a decrease in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid allopregnanolone (ALLO). But antidepressants increased the contents of ALLO in the rat brain. We examined the antidepressant‐like effects of infusion of ALLO into the cerebral ventricle, hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, or prefrontal cortex of learned helplessness (LH) rats (an animal model of depression). Of these regions, infusions of ALLO into the cerebral ventricle, the CA3 region of hippocampus, or the central region of amygdala exerted antidepressant‐like effects. Infusion of ALLO into the hippocampal CA3 region or the central amygdala did not produce memory deficits or locomotor activation in the passive avoidance and open field tests. It is well documented that ALLO exerts its effects through GABA receptors. Therefore, we examined the antagonistic effects of flumazenil (a GABA receptor antagonist) on the antidepressant‐like effects of ALLO. Coinfusion of flumazenil with ALLO into the hippocampal CA3 region, but not into the central amygdala, blocked the antidepressant‐like effects of ALLO. However, coinfusion of (+)MK801 (an NMDA receptor antagonist), but not cycloheximide (a protein synthesis inhibitor), blocked the antidepressant‐like effects of ALLO in the central amygdala. These results suggest that ALLO exerts antidepressant‐like effects in the CA3 region of hippocampus through the GABA system and in the central region of amygdala, dependently on the activation of the glutamatergic mechanisms. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Septohippocampal pathways contribute to system consolidation of a spatial memory: Sequential implication of gabaergic and cholinergic neurons
Authors: Lecourtier Lucas , de Vasconcelos Anne Pereira , Leroux Elise , Cosquer Brigitte , Geiger Karin , Lithfous Ségolène , Cassel Jean‐Christophe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStudies of the neuropharmacological substrates of spatial memory formation have focused on the contribution of septohippocampal pathways. Although these pathways include, among others, cholinergic and GABAergic fibers innervating the hippocampus, research has essentially been oriented towards the role of their cholinergic component. Recently, a few studies investigated the role of GABAergic septohippocampal projections. These only focused on almost immediate or recent memory and yielded discrepant results. GABAergic lesions impaired learning or had no effects. Given the role of the hippocampus in memory consolidation and the potential modulatory influence of the septum on hippocampal function, it is relevant to study the role of the septohippocampal interface in memory stabilization. We performed investigations with relatively selective lesions of GABAergic (using oxerin‐saporin) or/and cholinergic (using 192 IgG‐saporin) medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (MS/vDBB) neurons in rats, and assessed acquisition of a spatial memory and its subsequent recall in the water maze. Following a 6‐day training phase during which all groups improved performance to comparable levels, retention was tested 1, 5, or 25 days later. At the 1‐day delay, all groups performed above chance and did not differ significantly among each other. At the 5‐day delay, only rats with GABAergic or combined lesions exhibited a retention deficit. At the 25‐day delay, all three lesion groups performed at chance level; in these groups, performance was significantly lower than that found in sham‐operated rats. Immunochemical and histochemical verifications of the lesion extent/selectivity showed extensive GABAergic damage after intraseptal orexin‐saporin infusions or cholinergic damage after 192 IgG‐saporin infusions, with relatively limited damage to the other neurotransmitter system. Our data show that GABAergic and cholinergic septohippocampal neurons both contribute to memory stabilization, and could do so in a sequential way: GABAergic processes could be engaged at an earlier stage than cholinergic ones during system consolidation of a spatial memory. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monoclonal antibody studies in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and allied disorders
Authors: Aisenberg Alan C. , Wilkes Barbara M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLymphocytes from 48 patients with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) and allied disorders were examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies and conventional surface marker techniques. Surface immunoglobulin (SIg) and 1a‐like antigen were regularly present on B‐CLL cells. In addition, 24 of 32 specimens reacted with OKT1, a monoclonal antibody which detects both peripheral and thymic T cells, but reactivity was not observed with anti‐T‐cell monoclonal antibodies of more restricted specificity (OKT3, OKT4, OKT6, OKT8 or OKT11). Eighteen of 20 samples in which only SIgM was detected were OKT1 –positive, while all 4 with only SIgG were OKT1—negative. Cells from patients with hairy cell leukemia were unreactive with OKT1, but resembled B‐CLL lymphocytes in the presence of clonal SIg and 1a‐like antigen. Neoplastic plasma cells lacked 1a‐like antigen and frequently SIg (2 of 5), but cytoplasmic immunoglobulin was present, cells reacted with OKT 10 (replicating lymphoid cells) and 2 of 5 with OKT9 (transferrin receptor) as well. Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma samples were reactive with the anti‐T‐cell monoclonal antibodies OKT1, OKT3 and OKT4 even when the sheep cell receptor could not be detected. Monoclonal antibodies can provide more certain diagnosis and superior resolution of cell lineage in these disorders than is possible by morphology alone.
Primary pulmonary malignant lymphoma, clinical and pathological findings, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies in 15 cases
Authors: Le Tourneau A. , Audouin J. , Capron F. , Servais B. , Diebold J. , Garbe L. , Monges G. , Payan H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFifteen cases of primary pulmonary malignant lymphoma (M.L.) were studied using strict criteria to distinguish them from secondary pulmonary manifestations. All were M.L.'s of the lymphoid B type. Diagnosis on the basis of non specific clinical, X‐ray and endoscopic findings is often difficult but can be facilitated by the systematic use of immunocytochemical and ultrastructural techniques. Their evolution is in good agreement with the prognostic data given by the Kiel‐Lennert histopathological classification. 14 of the patients had M.L. of low grade malignancy; the one case of high grade malignancy was quickly fatal. A few cases appeared as a complication of a preexisting dysimmune disease (Pigeon breeder's disease, Gougerot‐Sjogren disease, Liebow's lymphomatoid granulomatosis).
Characterization of the expression of cellular retrovirus genes and oncogenes in feline cells
Authors: Busch Michael P. , Devi B. Gayathri , Soe Lisa Hokama , Roy‐Burman Pradip , Perbal Bernard , Marcel A , Baluda  
Published: July 2010

AbstractExpression of endogenous retrovirus genes and two different cellular oncogenes (c‐onc genes) was examined at the transcriptional level in a variety of normal and lymphoma/leukemia tissues of the domestic cat. The two oncogenes, c‐myb(related to avian myeloblastosis virus) and c‐myc(related to avian myelocytomatosis virus) were selected for their association with the induction of hematopoietic malignancies, when present in the transforming retroviruses. Tissue‐specific expression of endogenous feline leukemia virus (FeLV)‐related genes was detected in cellular subpopulations of the cat placenta by in situ method of hybridization. Gel blotting analysis of placental poly(A)‐selected RNA revealed that the FeLV‐related RNA species were primarily subgenomic, representing the env gene region of the endogenous provirus elements. Like the endogenous retrovirus genes, c‐myb and c‐myc loci of the cat genomic DNA were also transcribed at differential levels in normal tissues of the cat. Dot‐blot hybridization analysis showed that the expression of these two oncogenes was linked to growth and development as it varied with the gestational age of the fetus and from fetal to adult tissues. Among the major hematopoietic organs, spleen and bone marrow contained both c‐myb and c‐myc transcripts, while thymus preferentially expressed the c‐myb gene. In contrast to the low level of c‐myc expression in fetal thymus tissues, enhanced c‐myc expression was detected in all five thymomas tested and also in several other neoplasms including two granulocytic leukemias. The feline c‐myb gene was not very active in granulocytic leukemias or in three of the five thymomas. RNA gel blotting analysis of poly(A)‐selected RNA of a thymoma and its lymph node metastasis showed identical pattern of c‐myc transcripts.
Hodgkin's cell lines: Characteristics and possible pathogenetic implications
Authors: Diehl V. , Burrichter H. , Schaadt M. , Kirchner H. H. , Fonatsch CHR. , Stein H. , Gerdes J. , Heit W. , Ziegler A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the last four years we established five long term cultures from tumor material of Hodgkin's disease. The in vitro cells have malignant characteristics and represent the in vivo H‐ and SR‐cells. Common immunological, functional and morphological assays did not characterize the in vitro cells to be a known cell type of lymphoid, myeloid or monocytoid tissue. The in vitro Hodgkin cells are biologically active by producing factors involved in regulation and promotion of immunological response and granulopoiesis.The relevance of the findings for pathogenesis and clinical appearance of Hodgkin's disease is discussed.