bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural substrates of temporal attentional orienting
Authors: Coull Jennifer T. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis chapter examines the neuronal bases of temporal attentional orienting. It discusses endogenous temporal orienting with predictive pre-cues and the neurophysiological mechanisms and the neuroanatomical substrates of endogenous temporal orienting. It also analyses exogenous temporal orienting by predictable stimulus motion and the behavioural indices and the neurophysiological mechanisms of exogenous temporal expectation. It concludes that temporal orienting of attention depends upon temporal expectancies that have been established either with endogenous pre-cues or exogenous patterns of rhythmic stimulus presentation.
The TobaccoBLADE-ON-PETIOLE2Gene Mediates Differentiation of the Corolla Abscission Zone by Controlling Longitudinal Cell Expansion
Authors: Wu Xiao-Min , Yu Yi , Han Li-Bo , Li Chun-Li , Wang Hai-Yun , Zhong Nai-Qin , Yao Yuan , Xia Gui-Xian 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe BLADE-ON-PETIOLE (BOP) genes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have been shown to play an essential role in floral abscission by specializing the abscission zone (AZ) anatomy. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie differentiation of the AZ are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) homolog of BOP (designated NtBOP2) and characterized its cellular function. In tobacco plants, the NtBOP2 gene is predominantly expressed at the base of the corolla in an ethylene-independent manner. Both antisense suppression of NtBOP genes and overexpression of NtBOP2 in tobacco plants caused a failure in corolla shedding. Histological analysis revealed that the differentiation of the corolla AZ was blocked in the transgenic flowers. This blockage was due to uncontrolled cell elongation at the region corresponding to wild-type AZ. The role of NtBOP2 in regulating cell elongation was further demonstrated in Bright Yellow 2 single cells: perturbation of NtBOP2 function by a dominant negative strategy led to the formation of abnormally elongated cells. Subcellular localization analysis showed that NtBOP2-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins were targeted to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Yeast two-hybrid, firefly luciferase complementation imaging, and in vitro pull-down assays demonstrated that NtBOP2 proteins interacted with TGA transcription factors. Taken together, these results indicated that NtBOP2 mediated the differentiation of AZ architecture by controlling longitudinal cell growth. Furthermore, NtBOP2 may achieve this outcome through interaction with the TGA transcription factors and via an ethylene-independent signaling pathway.
Intra‐annual variation of the spatiotemporal distribution and abundance of Talitridae and Oniscidea (Crustacea, Peracarida) at Bizerte Lagoon (northern Tunisia)
Authors: Jelassi Raja , Khemaissia Hajer , Nasri‐Ammar Karima 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDuring 1 year from spring 2007 to winter 2008, we conducted four seasonal samplings along a transect in the supralittoral zone of Bizerte Lagoon at Menzel Jmil (Tunisia) to study the intra‐annual variation of Peracarida diversity, Talitridae and Oniscidea. For each season, one transect was studied and quadrates were placed successively from the shoreline to the road backing the shore. Talitridae and Oniscidea were the most abundant taxa in our samples reaching highest densities in summer, when fourteen species were found. The minimum and maximum values of species richness of Talitridae were observed in winter (four species) and summer (eight species), respectively, while for Oniscidea, species richness ranged from one species in winter and five species in spring. Both Talitridae and Oniscidea exhibited intra‐annual variation in their spatial distribution; in that, they moved away from the shoreline in winter and were found near the waterline in the other seasons. ANOVA test shows a high significant correlation between both Talitridae with Suaeda maritima and Oniscidea with the plants S. maritima,Salicornia arabica and Obione portulacoides.
Increased autophagic activity in senescent human dental pulp cells
Authors: Li L. , Zhu Y.‐Q. , Jiang L. , Peng W. 
Published: April 2012

Li L, Zhu Y‐Q, Jiang L, Peng W. Increased autophagic activity in senescent human dental pulp cells. International Endodontic Journal.AbstractAim  To establish whether autophagy is involved in dental pulp cell (DPC) senescence, so as to better understand the mechanism of the ageing process within the dental pulp.Methodology  Human DPCs obtained from intact molars and premolars were cultured and serially passaged. Senescence‐β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) staining was performed to assess DPC senescence, which is considered to be the senescence of cells in culture after a series of passages. Autophagic activity was analysed by Western blot for major autophagic proteins and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for autophagic vacuoles in both young and senescent cells. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student’s t‐test.Results  Senescence‐β‐galactosidase staining was higher in senescent DPC than in young cells (P = 0.011). Western blot revealed senescent DPCs had greater expression of autophagic proteins (microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3 and Beclin 1) than young cells (P = 0.04, P = 0.001). Transmission electron microscopy revealed more autophagic vacuoles in senescent DPCs compared to young cells (P = 0.029).Conclusions  Expression of autophagic proteins (microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3 and Beclin 1) increased in senescent DPCs compare to young cells. More autophagic vacuoles were observed in senescent DPCs by TEM. Collectively, these data imply that autophagic activity increased in senescent DPCs.
Increase in overall mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving glipizide, glyburide or glimepiride monotherapy versus metformin: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Pantalone K. M. , Kattan M. W. , Yu C. , Wells B. J. , Arrigain S. , Jain A. , Atreja A. , Zimmerman R. S. 
Published: April 2012

Aims: It remains uncertain if differences in mortality risk exist among the sulfonylureas, especially in patients with documented coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this study was to assess the overall mortality risk of the individual sulfonylureas versus metformin in a large cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using an academic health centre enterprise‐wide electronic health record (EHR) system to identify 23 915 patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated monotherapy with metformin (N = 12774), glipizide (N = 4325), glyburide (N = 4279) or glimepiride (N = 2537), ≥18 years of age, with and without a history of CAD, and not on insulin or a non‐insulin injectable at baseline. The patients were followed for mortality by documentation in the EHR and Social Security Death Index. Multivariable Cox models with propensity analysis were used to compare cohorts.Results: An increase in overall mortality risk was observed in the entire cohort with glipizide (HR 1.64; 95% CI 1.39–1.94), glyburide (HR 1.59; 95% CI 1.35–1.88), and glimepiride (HR 1.68; 95% CI 1.37–2.06) versus metformin; however, in those patients with documented CAD, a statistically significant increase in overall mortality risk was only found with glipizide (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.07–1.87) and glyburide (HR 1.38; 95% CI 1.04–1.83) versus metformin.Conclusions: Glipizide, glyburide and glimepiride are associated with an increased risk of overall mortality versus metformin. Our results suggest that if a sulfonylurea is required to obtain glycaemic control, glimepiride may be the preferred sulfonylurea in those with underlying CAD.
Reflectance confocal microscopy accurately discriminates between benign and malignant melanocytic lesions exhibiting a ‘dermoscopic island’
Authors: Debarbieux S. , Depaepe L. , Poulalhon N. , Balme B. , Dalle S. , Thomas L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground  The ‘dermoscopic island’ is a term that was recently proposed to design an area of a pigmented lesion with a uniform dermoscopic pattern different from the remainder of the lesion. The positive predictive value of this sign for the diagnosis of melanoma is about 50%.Objective  The purpose of our study was to see if reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) permitted to accurately distinguish between nevi and melanoma in such lesions.Methods  Five lesions of five consecutive unselected patients, with a dermoscopic island but no feasible clear cut diagnosis on the basis of dermoscopy alone were examined by RCM before excision for histopathological evaluation.Results  Two lesions corresponded to nevi, and three lesions were early melanomas arising on a benign naevus in one case, and on a dysplastic naevus in two cases. In all five cases, RCM permitted to make the correct diagnosis, with a very good correlation with conventional histopathology.Conclusion  Reflectance confocal microscopy appears as a promising tool not only to enhance the early diagnosis of melanoma but also to avoid unnecessary excisions of lesions with a dermoscopic island.
The Sun Exposure and Behaviour Inventory (SEBI): validation of an instrument to assess sun exposure and sun protective practices
Authors: Jennings L. , Karia P.S. , Jambusaria‐Pahlajani A. , Whalen F.M. , Schmults C.D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. Sun exposure is the most important risk factor for its development. The amount of exposure required to cause skin cancer has not been quantified, and the impact of sun protective practices is unknown.Objectives To develop a brief self‐administered questionnaire to estimate past and current sun exposure, sun protective practices, and assess the questionnaire’s reliability and validity.Methods The study had three stages: (1) questionnaire formulation, (2) internal reliability and construct validity testing and questionnaire refinement, (3) test–retest and further internal reliability testing. The finalSunExposure andBehaviourInventory (SEBI) is composed of 15 questions assessing three domains; current sun behaviour, current sun exposure and prior sun exposure.Results A total of 251 subjects completed Stage 2 testing and 57 completed Stage 3. Final Cronbach’s α‐scores ranged from 0.71 to 0.84 andk‐scores demonstrated excellent to fair/good agreement, indicating acceptable internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Construct validity was evidenced by significantly higher prior sun exposure scores and lower current sun behaviour scores in subjects with a history of non‐melanoma skin cancer.Limitations Self‐reported questionnaires, though efficient and low cost, may be subject to recall error and bias. Further work remains to determine if the SEBI maintains its reliability and validity in different populations.Conclusion TheSEBIis a brief self‐administered questionnaire, which appears to be reliable and valid. It may provide useful measures of past and present sun exposure and current sun behaviour, which may be useful in studies of skin cancer incidence and risk modification.
Adolescence and Parental History of Alcoholism: Insights from the SleepEEG
Authors: Tarokh Leila , Van Reen Eliza , Acebo Christine , LeBourgeois Monique , Seifer Ronald , Fallone Gahan , Carskadon Mary A. 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundDisrupted sleep is a common complaint of individuals with alcohol use disorder and in abstinent alcoholics. Furthermore, among recovering alcoholics, poor sleep predicts relapse to drinking. Whether disrupted sleep in these populations results from prolonged alcohol use or precedes the onset of drinking is not known. The aim of this study was to examine the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) in alcohol‐naïve, parental history positive (PH+), and negative (PH−) boys and girls.MethodsAll‐night sleepEEGrecordings in 2 longitudinal cohorts (child and teen) followed at 1.5 to 3 year intervals were analyzed. The child and teen participants were 9/10 and 15/16 years old at the initial assessment, respectively. Parental history status was classified by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) criteria applied to structured interviews (DIS‐IV) resulting in 14PH− and 10PH+ children and 14PH− and 10PH+ teens. Sleep data were visually scored in 30‐second epochs using standard criteria. Power spectra were calculated forEEGderivationsC3/A2,C4/A1,O2/A1,O1/A2 for nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.ResultsWe found no difference betweenPH+ andPH− individuals in either cohort for any visually scored sleep stage variable. Spectral power declined in both cohorts across assessments forNREMandREMsleep in all derivations and across frequencies independent of parental history status. With regard to parental history,NREMsleepEEGpower was lower for the delta band inPH+ teens at both assessments for the central derivations. Furthermore, power in the sigma band for the right occipital derivation in bothNREMandREMsleep was lower inPH+ children only at the initial assessment.ConclusionsWe found no gross signs of sleep disruption as a function of parental history. Modest differences in spectralEEGpower betweenPH+ andPH− children and teens indicate that a marker of parental alcohol history may be detectable in teens at risk for problem drinking.
Alcohol Consumption Among Pregnant Women in a Swedish Sample and Its Effects on the Newborn Outcomes
Authors: Comasco Erika , Hallberg Gunilla , Helander Anders , Oreland Lars , Sundelin‐Wahlsten Viveka 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundLittle is known about the effects of low levels of maternal alcohol intake on the neuropsychological development of the child. This study is part of an ongoing investigation on maternal drinking and presents data on demographic variables, maternal alcohol use, and birth outcomes from that study.MethodsThe sample comprised 2,264 women from a Swedish antenatal clinic. Retrospective self‐report data were collected on alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy, using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and on nicotine use. Specific alcohol biomarkers for excessive drinking, carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in whole blood, were determined during mid‐pregnancy in a subsample of the women. Data on labor and early characteristics of the child were also assessed.ResultsBefore pregnancy, 89% of the women regularly consumed alcohol and 49% reported occasional or frequent binge drinking. Nicotine was used by 15% before and by 5% during pregnancy. During pregnancy, 12% continued using alcohol and 5% also admitted binge drinking. However, all alcohol biomarker values were below the reporting limits (CDT ≤ 1.7% disialotransferrin; total PEth < 0.1 μmol/L). Self‐reported drinking during pregnancy was associated with a higher AUDIT score before pregnancy, nicotine use at the time of the first prenatal visit, older age, and previous legal abortions.ConclusionsThe AUDIT questionnaire and 2 specific alcohol biomarkers were used in routine maternity care to collect information about drinking during pregnancy and thereby to identify children at risk for alcohol‐related complications. While the AUDIT results suggested that a significant number of women continued using alcohol during pregnancy, implying a risk for fetal disorders, the biomarkers showed negative test values thus indicating only modest drinking levels.
Acute Ethanol Administration and Reinforcer Magnitude Reduction Both Reduce Responding and Increase Response Latency in a Go/No‐Go Task
Authors: Moschak Travis M. , Mitchell Suzanne H. 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundEthanol (EtOH) administration decreases behavioral inhibition in human subjects, assessed using cued Go/No‐Go tasks, in which an unreliable cue suggests whether participants will be required to respond or not when a signal occurs. Few studies have examined EtOH's effects on behavioral inhibition in animals, and those that have done so have used Go/No‐Go tasks in which no warning cue was provided.MethodsTwo cohorts of male Long‐Evans rats were trained and tested on 2 different Go/No‐Go procedures with differing ratios of Go to No‐Go trials (25 to 75 and 50 to 50). Using a within‐subjects design, each rat was administered 0.0, 0.63, 0.95, and 1.27 g/kg of EtOH (i.p.) on 3 separate occasions according to an incomplete Latin square. An additional experiment examined the effects of reducing the amount of sucrose given for correct responses to either the Go or the No‐Go signal in the absence of EtOH administration.ResultsAcute intraperitoneal EtOH administration dose‐dependently decreased responding during the No‐Go signal (false alarms), the Go signal (hits), and responding prior to the occurrence of either signal (precue response rate). These effects were more pronounced in rats with the 50 to 50 ratio. Reducing the amount of sucrose presented generally led to a decrease in responding, although this effect was also moderated by the Go to No‐Go ratio employed and the contingency relationship (reduced sucrose for correct Go trial responding or for correct No‐Go trial response withholding).ConclusionsAcute EtOH administration does not decrease behavioral inhibition in rats in this task. Rather EtOH appears to dose‐dependently decrease behavior in general, possibly by reducing the efficacy of the sucrose reinforcer, as both EtOH administration and sucrose reduction for Go trials yielded similar patterns of behavioral responding in this task in rats.
Oxidative Stress Modulates KLF6Full and Its Splice Variants
Authors: Urtasun Raquel , Cubero Francisco Javier , Nieto Natalia 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundInduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a central mechanism in alcohol hepatotoxicity. Krüppel‐like factor 6 (KLF6), a transcription factor and a tumor‐suppressor gene, is an early‐responsive gene to injury; however, the effect of ROS and alcohol on KLF6 induction is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of 2 sources of ROS, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), and alcohol on the modulation of KLF6Full expression, splicing to KLF6_V1 and KLF6_V2, and the effect on TNFα, a downstream target.Methods and ResultsEndogenous ROS production in CYP2E1‐expressing HepG2 cells induced mRNA and protein expression of KLF6Full and its splice variants compared to control cells. Incubation with pro‐oxidants such as arachidonic acid (AA), β‐naphtoflavone, and H2O2 further enhanced KLF6Full and its splice variants. The AA effects on KLF6Full and its splice forms were blocked by vitamin E—which prevents lipid peroxidation—and by diallylsulfide—a CYP2E1 inhibitor. Menadione and paraquat, 2 pro‐oxidants metabolized via NQO1, induced KLF6Full mRNA in a thiol‐dependent manner. Antioxidants and an NQO1 inhibitor suppressed the menadione‐dependent increase in KLF6Full and its splice variants mRNA. Furthermore, primary hepatocytes and livers from chronic alcohol‐fed rats, with elevated lipid peroxidation, H2O2 and CYP2E1 but with low GSH, showed a ~2‐fold increase in KLF6Full mRNA compared to controls. Inhibition of p38 phosphorylation further up‐regulated the CYP2E1 and the AA effects on KLF6Full mRNA, whereas inhibition JNK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation decreased both. KLF6_V1 but not KLF6Full ablation markedly increased TNFα levels in macrophages; thus, TNFα emerges as a downstream target of KLF6_V1.ConclusionsThe novel effect of ROS on modulating KLF6Full expression and its splice variants could play a relevant role in liver injury and in TNFα regulation.
The Effect of Shock Wave Therapy on Patellar Ligament Desmitis after Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy
Authors: Gallagher Alissa , Cross Alan R. , Sepulveda Gustavo 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveTo determine if shock wave therapy (SWT) after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) has a beneficial effect on patellar ligament inflammation assessed by thickening of the ligament and ligament fiber disruption.Study DesignProspective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.AnimalsDogs (n = 30).Materials and MethodsDogs that had TPLO (July 1, 2009 to June 1, 2010) were enrolled. The affected stifle was examined by radiographs and ultrasonography preoperatively and 4, 6, and 8 weeks after TPLO. At 4 and 6 weeks, dogs in the treatment group were briefly anesthetized and treated with SWT. Patellar ligament thickness on a lateral radiographic projection was measured at 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 of the distance from origin to insertion. Ultrasound images were evaluated for patellar ligament disruption and periligament edema.ResultsThere was significant difference in thickness (P = .0264) only at the distal point; therefore, only this point was used to measure difference between the control and treatment groups. A significant difference between groups was reached at 6 and 8 weeks (P = .0059 and P = .0095, respectively) postoperatively. No significant ultrasonographic differences were found.ConclusionBased on these results, SWT decreases the radiographic signs of patellar ligament desmitis.
Histomorphometric Analysis and Regional Variations of Full Thickness Skin Grafts in Dogs
Authors: Bhandal Jitender , Langohr Ingeborg M. , Degner Daniel A. , Xie Yan , Stanley Bryden J. , Walshaw Richard 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveTo (1) compare thickness of the epidermis and dermis of anatomically different donor sites in dogs, and (2) evaluate hair follicle damage during full thickness skin grafts (FTSG) preparation from anatomically different donor sites. Another objective was to compare the extent of agreement between gross and histologic quality of graft preparation.Study DesignEx vivo study.AnimalsHealthy Beagle dogs (n = 12).MethodsSkin samples were harvested from fresh cadavers free of gross dermatopathology and FTSG prepared. Regional, epidermal and dermal thickness, and hair follicle density in intact skin and FTSG specimens from different regions were determined by histomorphometric analysis. Hair follicle density in intact skin and FTSG specimens, and skin thickness measurements were compared among regions.ResultsMean epidermis and dermis thickness of the dorsal lumbar and lateral neck regions were significantly greater when compared with other sites. Total hair follicle (superficial and deep dermis) densities were significantly less in prepared FTSG versus intact skin specimens. The dorsal lumbar region had the highest hair follicle density.ConclusionsThickness of the epidermis and dermis is dependent on body region. Hair follicle density in the FTSG specimens was decreased compared with intact skin specimens, which may affect hair regrowth in FTSG.