bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steam gasification of a cellulose surrogate over a fluidizable Ni/α‐alumina catalyst: A kinetic model
Authors: Salaices Enrique , de Lasa Hugo , Serrano Benito 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCatalytic steam gasification of a cellulose surrogate using a fluidizable Ni/α‐alumina catalyst is presented. Experiments were carried out in the CREC fluidized riser simulator. On this basis, a reaction network and a kinetic model for biomass catalytic steam gasification were proposed. This kinetic model was developed using a sound reaction engineering approach where reaction rates for various species are the result of the algebraic addition of dominant reactions. The modeling procedure also included the decoupled determination of intrinsic kinetic parameters and adsorption constants as allowed in the CREC riser simulator. The implemented approach eliminates overparametrization with successfully parameter correlation. Numerical regression of the experimental data led to intrinsic kinetic parameters with narrow spans showing that the proposed kinetic model satisfactorily describe the catalytic conversion of glucose under the selected gasification conditions. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Influence of hydrodynamics on liquid mixing during Taylor flow in a microchannel
Authors: Su Yuanhai , Chen Guangwen , Yuan Quan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe miscible liquid‐liquid two phases based on Taylor flow in microchannels was investigated by high‐speed imaging techniques and Villermaux/Dushman reaction. The mixing based on Taylor flow was much better compared with that without introducing gas in microchannels, even the ideal micromixing performance could be obtained under optimized superficial gas and liquid velocities. In the mixing process based on Taylor flow, the superficial gas and liquid velocities affected the lengths and the velocities of Taylor bubble and liquid slug, and finally the micromixing performance. The formation process of Taylor flow in the inlets, the initial uniform distribution of reactants and the internal circulations in the liquid slug, and the thin liquid films all improved the mixing performance. Furthermore, a modified Peclet number that represented the relative importance of diffusion and convection in the mixing process was proposed for explaining and anticipating micromixing efficiency. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 1660–1670, 2012
Sleep abnormalities in untreated patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI
Authors: John Ângela , Fagondes Simone , Schwartz Ida , Azevedo Ana Cecília , Barrios Patrícia , Dalcin Paulo , Menna‐Barreto Sérgio , Giugliani Roberto 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) is a lysosomal storage disease that affects an enzyme responsible for the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Partially degraded GAGs accumulate in several tissues, such as the upper airways (UA), which leads to the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Our objective was to determine the prevalence of OSA in a group of untreated patients with MPS VI and the association of OSA with clinical and echocardiographic findings. Patients aged 4 years or older with a biochemical diagnosis of MPS VI were included. Data about clinical history, physical examination, Doppler echocardiogram, and overnight polysomnography (PSG) were collected. Our results showed that of the 28 participants, 14 were boys; mean age was 98.5 months, and mean age at MPS VI diagnosis was 48.4 months. Snoring, witnessed apnea, pectus carinatum, and macroglossia were the main clinical findings. PSG results showed that 23:27 patients (85.1%) had OSA which was mild in 4, moderate in 5, and severe in 14 patients. Echocardiograms showed evidence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in 14 patients. Lower (P = 0.037) and nadir SpO2 (P = 0.007) were positively associated with PH. Clinical signs suggestive of respiratory abnormalities during sleep were not significantly correlated with the results of PSG. We conclude that the prevalence of OSA in patients with MPS VI was high, and the level of desaturation was positively correlated with PH. Symptoms during sleep were not associated with PSG findings, which suggests that this population should undergo routine PSG as earlier as possible. This study provides baseline data to estimate the potential impact of specific treatments in the sleep abnormalities presented by patients with MPS VI. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recurrent partial rhombencephalosynapsis and holoprosencephaly in siblings with a mutation of ZIC2
Authors: Ramocki Melissa B. , Scaglia Fernando , Stankiewicz Pawel , Belmont John W. , Jones Jeremy Y. , Clark Gary D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRhombencephalosynapsis (RES) is a rare congenital brain malformation typically identified by magnetic resonance imaging and characterized by fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres and dentate nuclei and vermian agenesis or hypogenesis. Although RES is frequently found in conjunction with other brain malformations and/or congenital anomalies, no specific molecular etiology has been discovered to date and no animal models exist. We identified two half sisters with alobar or semi‐lobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) and partial RES, suggesting that genes linked to HPE may also contribute to RES. A deletion of seven base pairs in exon one of the ZIC2 gene (c.392_98del7) was identified in each of the two half sisters with HPE and partial RES. To identify genetic causes of RES and to assess whether genes identified in HPE have a role in RES, we tested 11 additional individuals with RES by high‐resolution chromosome analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis, and sequencing of four HPE genes. No mutations in ZIC2 or in other genes that cause HPE were identified, suggesting that mutation of ZIC2 is a rare cause of, or contributor to, RES associated with HPE. In addition, an individual with a complex rearrangement of chromosome 22q13.3 and RES was identified, suggesting the presence of a dosage‐sensitive gene that may contribute to RES in this region. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurofibromatosis 2: A novel risk factor for hypertension?
Authors: Hornigold Rachael E. , Golding John F. , Ferner Robin E. , Ferner Rosalie E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThere are anecdotal reports of neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) patients and vascular disease, but no previous studies have compared blood pressure (BP) in people with NF2 and in the general population. This study is the first to show that BP is significantly higher in patients with NF2 than in matched control patients. This is important for the management of patients with NF2, and in the differential diagnosis of secondary hypertension. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new mitochondria‐related disease showing myopathy with episodic hyper‐creatine kinase‐emia
Authors: Okamoto Yuji , Higuchi Itsuro , Sakiyama Yusuke , Tokunaga Shoko , Watanabe Osamu , Arimura Kimiyoshi , Nakagawa Masanori , Takashima Hiroshi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:To elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations and a mitochondrial disease with a distinct combination of characteristic symptoms, namely episodic hyper‐creatine kinase (CK)‐emia and mild myopathy.Methods:We selected 9 patients with mtDNA np8291 alteration from 586 patients suspected to have a mitochondrial disease, and assessed them clinically, pathologically, and genetically. These 9 patients had undiagnosed mitochondrial myopathy with episodic hyper‐CK‐emia, all showing similar symptoms and progression.Results:Patients had mild muscle weakness and episodic hyper‐CK‐emia triggered by infections or drugs. Five of 9 patients were initially diagnosed with other conditions, such as myasthenia gravis, polymyositis, viral myositis, and drug‐induced myopathy, because these conditions were acute or subacute, and 9 patients showed the same 16 mtDNA alterations, which have been reported to be nonpathological polymorphisms. Muscle biopsy revealed ragged‐red fibers, highly expressed succinate dehydrogenase staining fibers, and cytochrome c oxidase–deficient fibers. Because their mitochondrial sequence data was almost the same, and 9 patients live in widely separated cities in Japan, the alterations may have arisen from a single source.Interpretation:These findings suggest that mild myopathy with episodic hyper‐CK‐emia associated with some of the 16 mtDNA alterations or at least with their mitochondria, could be a novel mitochondrial disease. Therefore, we propose that this disease be named as “mitochondrial myopathy with episodic hyper‐CK‐emia (MIMECK).” These alterations could work concomitantly and probably modify the impact of medications or other environmental factors. We believe these findings provide an insight into a novel aspect of mitochondrial disease pathogenesis. ANN NEUROL 2011;70: 486–492.
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance perfusion imaging in ischemic stroke: Definitions and thresholds
Authors: Dani Krishna A. , Thomas Ralph G.R. , Chappell Francesca M. , Shuler Kirsten , MacLeod Mary J. , Muir Keith W. , Wardlaw Joanna M. ,   on behalf of the Translational Medicine Research Collaboration Multicentre Acute Stroke Imaging Study
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:Cerebral perfusion imaging with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) is widely available. The optimum perfusion values to identify tissue at risk of infarction in acute stroke are unclear. We systematically reviewed CT and MR perfusion imaging in acute ischemic stroke.Methods:We searched for papers on MR or CT perfusion performed <24 hours after stroke that assessed perfusion thresholds, mean perfusion lesion values, or lesion volumes. We extracted definitions and perfusion values. We compared definitions and evaluated perfusion thresholds for “nonviable”/”at risk” and “at risk”/”not at risk tissue” thresholds.Results:Among 7,152 papers, 69 met inclusion criteria for analysis of definitions (49 MR and 20 CT), 21 MR (n = 551), and 10 CT (n = 266) papers, median sample size 22, provided thresholds. We found multiple definitions for tissue states, eg, tissue at risk, 18; nonviable tissue, 12; 16, no definition. Perfusion parameters varied widely; eg, 9 different MR, 6 different CT parameters for the “at risk”/”not at risk threshold.” Median threshold values varied up to 4‐fold, eg, for the “at risk”/”not at risk threshold,” median cerebral blood flow ranged from 18 to 37ml/100g/min; mean transit time from 1.8 to 8.3 seconds relative to the contralateral side. The influence of reperfusion and duration of ischemia could not be assessed.Interpretation:CT and MR perfusion imaging viability thresholds in stroke are derived from small numbers of patients, variable perfusion analysis methods and definitions of tissue states. Greater consistency of methods would help determine reliable perfusion viability values for wider clinical use of perfusion imaging. ANN NEUROL 2011
Influence of crystalline properties on the dielectric and energy storage properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)
Authors: Li Junjie , Meng Qingjie , Li Wenjing , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPoly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films with various crystal phases (α, β, and γ phases) and varied crystallinities were fabricated via different processes. The influence of the crystalline properties, such as the crystallinity and crystal phases, on the breakdown strength and dielectric and energy storage properties of the films were studied. Under low electric field, the dielectric constant was governed by the crystallinities of the films, and the dielectric loss was more related to the polarity of their crystal phases. Under high electric field, the high polarity of the crystal phases favored high‐maximum, remnant, and irreversible polarization of the films. The lower crystallinity of the films with the same crystal phases led to a higher maximum and remnant polarization but a lower irreversible polarization. Under direct‐current electric field, the discharged energy efficiency was mainly dominated by the polar nature of crystal phases. Under an electric field below 300 MV/m, the discharged energy density and energy loss of the three kinds of films were rather close, regardless of the phase transition. When the electric field was over 300 MV/m, the overall discharged energy density was dominated by the practical breakdown strength. γ‐PVDF with a proper crystallinity and crystal grain size is expected to realize an energy density over 10 J/cm3 under an electric field over 400 MV/m. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Electrospun fiber membranes of novel thermoplastic polyester elastomers: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Cao Ding , Fu Zhifeng , Li Congju 
Published: June 2011

AbstractElectrospinning nanotechnology has recently attracted lots of attention in different kinds of applications. Poly(butylene terephthalate) random‐segment copolymers, named poly[(butylene terephthalate)‐co‐(1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate)]‐b‐poly(tetramethylene glycol) (P(BT‐co‐CT)‐b‐PTMG), were synthesized in this study. On the basis of the new thermoplastic polyester elastomers (TPEEs), the fiber membranes were subsequently electrospun. With the aid of a cosolvent of trifluoroacetic acid and dichloromethane, the resulting solutions with a concentration between 24 and 32% w/v were electrospun into fibers without beads. The results also show a good spinnability for the copolymer solution in a range of voltages from 16 to 24 kV. When the molar ratio of 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol to 1,4‐butanediol was 10 : 90, the electrospun membrane prepared by the corresponding copolymers had a higher elastic modulus than the commercial TPEE (Hytrel 4056, 4.51 ± 0.35 MPa). Differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction showed that a crystalline phase existed in the electrospun poly[(butylene terephthalate)‐co‐(1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate)]‐b‐poly(tetramethylene glycol) (P(BT‐co‐CT)‐b‐PTMG) copolymer fiber membranes. The melting point of the electrospun fibers was approximately less than that of the corresponding copolymers © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foams prepared with amorphous sodium polyborate
Authors: Tsuyumoto Isao , Onoda Yasutoshi , Hashizume Fumiya , Kinpara Eisuke 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHighly flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams were prepared by vacuum impregnation or pressure impregnation of sodium polyborate (SPB) solution. The RPU foams (10 mm thickness, 134–690% SPB) endured the flame of a butane gas burner for 167–1144 s, and the backside temperatures remained below 45°C until penetration occurred. The heat releases from the RPU foams with 150 and 400% SPB in air in the cone calorimeter tests were 8.8 and 4.1 MJ/m2, respectively. The analyses with thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy indicated the flame‐retardant mechanism, in which the SPB foam and the formed char layer together insulated the inside from oxygen gas and heat. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Property evaluation and structure analysis of polyurethane/epoxy graft interpenetrating polymer networks
Authors: Kostrzewa M. , Hausnerova B. , Bakar M. , Dalka M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPolyurethanes obtained from 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and polydiols with different molecular weights (polyethylene glycol and polyoxypropylene diols) were used as modifiers for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A. Impact strength (IS), critical stress intensity factor (KC), flexural strength and flexural strain at break were measured as a function of polyurethane (PUR) type and content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed for the structure and morphology analysis. It was found that the addition of polyurethane with an excess of isocyanate groups to epoxy resin resulted in the formation of a grafted interpenetrating polymer network structure. The mechanical properties of epoxy resin were improved with 5 and 10% PUR. Moreover, it was observed that composites containing PUR based on higher molecular weight (PUR 1002 and PUR 2002) with long flexible segments exhibited higher impact strength while PUR prepared from polyethylene glycol had a higher flexural energy to break and a higher flexural modulus. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Exothermic behavior, degree of conversion, and viscoelastic properties of experimental and commercially available hard chairside reline resins
Authors: Reis José Maurício Santos Nunes , Giampaolo Eunice Teresinha , Pavarina Ana Cláudia , Machado Ana Lucia , Erxleben Jörg , Vergani Carlos Eduardo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study evaluated the exothermic behavior, degree of conversion (DC), and the viscoelastic properties of five reline resins, two experimental (E1 and E2), and three commercially available (Kooliner, K; New Truliner, NT; and Tokuyama Rebase II, TR II), and one denture base resin (Lucitone 550, L). The exothermic behavior was assessed (n = 4) using a type‐K thermocouple. The DC (%) was measured (n = 5) by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy‐attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) spectroscopy. The viscoelastic properties were evaluated (n = 2) by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) under different runs. Storage modulus (E′) and loss tangent (tan δ) at 37°C were obtained from the first and last runs. The glass transition (Tg) was measured from the last run. Data were analyzed by analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). K and NT produced similar peak temperature to TR II and higher than E1 and E2. E1, E2, and TR II showed the lowest time to peak temperature. NT produced the highest DC, followed by TR II and L. E2 produced similar DC to K and higher than E1. No significant differences were found on the E′ and tan δ of E1, E2, and TR II. From the last run, L showed similar E′ to E1, E2, and K and higher than NT and TR II. The highest Tg was produced by L. K produced lower Tg than TR II and higher than E1, E2, and NT. All reline materials presented suitable exothermic behavior to clinical use. Overall, the materials formulated with difunctional monomers (E1, E2, and TR II) presented similar properties to the denture resin. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Differences in Fibre Type Composition Between Human Masseter and Biceps Muscles in Young and Adults Reveal Unique Masseter Fibre Type Growth Pattern
Authors: Österlund Catharina , Thornell Lars‐Eric , Eriksson Per‐Olof 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe human jaw system is different from those of other primates, carnivores, ruminants, and rodents in temporomandibular joint and muscle anatomy. In adults, jaw muscles also differ markedly from limb and trunk muscles in composition and distribution of fibre types. It can be assumed that age‐related changes between young age to adulthood in terms of craniofacial growth, teeth eruption, and improvement of jaw functions are paralleled by alterations also in composition and distribution of jaw muscle fibre types. To address this question, we have examined the fibre type composition of the human masseter, a jaw closing muscle, at young age. For comparison, the young biceps brachii was examined. The results were compared with previous data for adult masseter and biceps muscles. Young masseter and biceps were similar in that type I fibres outnumbered other fibre types and were of the same diameter. However, they differed in composition of other fibre types. Young masseter contained fibre types I, IM, IIC, IIAB, IIB, and scarce IIA, with regional differences, whereas young biceps showed types I, IIA, IIAB, and few IIB. Young masseter differed from young biceps also by smaller type II fibre diameter and by containing fetal MyHC. In addition, the masseter and biceps differed in age‐related changes of composition and distribution of fibre types between young age and adulthood. We conclude that the human masseter is specialized in fibre types already at young age and shows a unique fibre type growth pattern, in concordance with being a separate allotype of muscle. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of two closely related α‐amylase paralogs in the bark beetle, Ips typographus (L.)
Authors: Viktorinova Ivana , Kucerova Lucie , Bohmova Marta , Henry Ian , Jindra Marek , Dolezal Petr , Zurovcova Martina , Zurovec Michal 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIps typographus (L.), the eight‐spined spruce bark beetle, causes severe damage throughout Eurasian spruce forests and suitable nuclear markers are needed in order to study its population structure on a genetic level. Two closely related genes encoding α‐amylase in I. typographus were characterized and named AmyA and AmyB. Both α‐amylase paralogs consisted of six exons and five introns. AmyA encodes a polypeptide of 483 amino acids, whereas AmyB has two alternative transcripts encoding polypeptides of 483 and 370 amino acids. The expression levels of both genes were high during larval stage and adulthood. The AmyB transcripts were absent in the pupal stage. A modification of the allozyme staining method allowed us to detect two clusters of bands on the electrophoretic gel that may correspond to the two α‐amylase genes. There was a correlation between the lack of AmyB expression in pupa and the absence of the fast migrating isozyme cluster at this stage, suggesting that the faster migrating isoforms are products of the AmyB gene, whereas the slowly migrating bands are derived from the AmyA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new adaptive control for periodic tracking/disturbance rejection
Authors: Chung Chih‐Hsien , Chen Min‐Shin , Hsue Albert Wen‐Jeng 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper proposes a new adaptive feedforward cancellation (AFC) control that achieves periodic tracking and/or periodic disturbance rejection. The new control design is a direct scheme in the sense that it adaptively updates the desired control without estimating the unknown disturbance. The proposed new control has several advantages. First, its adaptation gain can be arbitrarily chosen without upsetting the system stability. Second, it can be applied to not only minimum‐phase systems, but also non‐minimum phase systems. Finally, it is shown that the proposed AFC control is independent of where the disturbance enters the system.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society