bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of 6-Week Sprint Training on Long-Distance Running Performance in Highly Trained Runners
Authors: Ando Ryosuke , Kojima Chihiro , Okamoto Saya , Kasai Nobukazu , Sumi Daichi , Takao Kenji , Goto Kazushige , Suzuki Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Long-distance running performance has been reported to be associated with sprint performance in highly trained distance runners. Therefore, we hypothesized that sprint training could enhance distance running and sprint performance in long-distance runners. This study examined the effect of 6-week sprint training on long-distance running and sprint performance in highly trained distance runners. Methods: Nineteen college runners were divided into control (n = 8) and training (n = 11) groups. Participants in the training group performed 12 sprint training sessions in 6 weeks, while those in the control group performed 12 distance training sessions. Before and after the interventions, maximal oxygen uptake (), O2 cost during submaximal running (290 m·min−1 and 310 m·min−1 of running velocity), and time to exhaustion (starting at 290 m·min–1 and increased 10 m·min–1 every minute) were assessed on a treadmill. Additionally, the 100-m and 400-m sprinting times and 3000-m running time were determined on an all-weather track. Results: In the control group, no measurements significantly changed after the intervention. In the training group, the time to exhaustion, 100-m and 400-m sprinting times, and 3000-m running time improved significantly, while and O2 cost did not change. Conclusions: These results showed that 6-week sprint training improved both sprint and long-distance running performance in highly trained distance runners without a change in aerobic capacity. Improvement in the time to exhaustion without a change in suggests that the enhancement of long-distance running performance could be attributable to improved anaerobic capacity.
Cadence Paradox in Cycling—Part 2: Theory and Simulation of Maximal Lactate Steady State and Carbohydrate Utilization Dependent on Cycling Cadence
Authors: Beneke Ralph , Leithäuser Renate M. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To develop and evaluate a theory on the frequent observation that cyclists prefer cadences (RPMs) higher than those considered most economical at submaximal exercise intensities via modeling and simulation of its mathematical description. Methods: The theory combines the parabolic power-to-velocity (v) relationship, where v is defined by crank length, RPM-dependent ankle velocity, and gear ratio, RPM effects on the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), and lactate-dependent carbohydrate oxidation (CHO). It was tested against recent experimental results of 12 healthy male recreational cyclists determining the v-dependent peak oxygen uptake (VO2PEAKv), MLSS (MLSSv), corresponding power output (PMLSSv), oxygen uptake at PMLSSv (VO2MLSSv), and CHOMLSSv-management at 100 versus 50 per minute, respectively. Maximum RPM (RPMMAX) attained at minimized pedal torque was measured. RPM-specific maximum sprint power output (PMAXv) was estimated at RPMs of 100 and 50, respectively. Results: Modeling identified that MLSSv and PMLSSv related to PMAXv (IPMLSSv) promote CHO and that VO2MLSSv related to VO2PEAKv inhibits CHO. It shows that cycling at higher RPM reduces IPMLSSv. It suggests that high cycling RPMs minimize differences in the reliance on CHO at MLSSv between athletes with high versus low RPMMAX. Conclusions: The present theory-guided modeling approach is exclusively based on data routinely measured in high-performance testing. It implies a higher performance reserve above IPMLSSv at higher RPM. Cyclists may prefer high cycling RPMs because they appear to minimize differences in the reliance on CHO at MLSSv between athletes with high versus low RPMMAX.
Determination of soil phenanthrene degradation through a fungal–bacterial consortium
Authors: Luo Chunling , Guan Guoqing , Dai Yeliang , Cai Xixi , Huang Qihui , Li Jibing , Zhang Gan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Fungal–bacterial consortia enhance organic pollutant removal, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We used stable isotope probing (SIP) to explore the mechanism of bioaugmentation involved in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biodegradation in petroleum-contaminated soil by introducing the indigenous fungal strain A
spergillus
sp. LJD-29 and the bacterial strain P
seudomonas
XH-1. While each strain alone increased phenanthrene (PHE) degradation, the simultaneous addition of both strains showed no significant enhancement compared to treatment with XH-1 alone. Nonetheless, the assimilation effect of microorganisms on PHE was significantly enhanced. SIP revealed a role of XH-1 in PHE degradation, while the absence of LJD-29 in
13
C-DNA indicated a supporting role. The correlations between fungal abundance, degradation efficiency, and soil extracellular enzyme activity indicated that LJD-29, while not directly involved in PHE assimilation, played a crucial role in the breakdown of PHE through extracellular enzymes, facilitating the assimilation of metabolites by bacteria. This observation was substantiated by the results of metabolite analysis. Furthermore, the combination of fungus and bacterium significantly influenced the diversity of PHE degraders. Taken together, this study highlighted the synergistic effects of fungi and bacteria in PAH degradation, revealed a new fungal–bacterial bioaugmentation mechanism and diversity of PAH-degrading microorganisms, and provided insights for
in situ
bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soil.

IMPORTANCE

This study was performed to explore the mechanism of bioaugmentation by a fungal–bacterial consortium for phenanthrene (PHE) degradation in petroleum-contaminated soil. Using the indigenous fungal strain
Aspergillus
sp. LJD-29 and bacterial strain
Pseudomonas
XH-1, we performed stable isotope probing (SIP) to trace active PHE-degrading microorganisms. While inoculation of either organism alone significantly enhanced PHE degradation, the simultaneous addition of both strains revealed complex interactions. The efficiency plateaued, highlighting the nuanced microbial interactions. SIP identified XH-1 as the primary contributor to
in situ
PHE degradation, in contrast to the limited role of LJD-29. Correlations between fungal abundance, degradation efficiency, and extracellular enzyme activity underscored the pivotal role of LJD-29 in enzymatically facilitating PHE breakdown and enriching bacterial assimilation. Metabolite analysis validated this synergy, unveiling distinct biodegradation mechanisms. Furthermore, this fungal–bacterial alliance significantly impacted PHE-degrading microorganism diversity. These findings advance our understanding of fungal–bacterial bioaugmentation and microorganism diversity in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation as well as providing insights for theoretical guidance in the
in situ
bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soil.
Role of ethanolamine utilization and bacterial microcompartment formation in
Listeria monocytogenes
intracellular infection
Authors: Chatterjee Ayan , Kaval Karan Gautam , Garsin Danielle A. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Ethanolamine (EA) affects the colonization and pathogenicity of certain human bacterial pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract. However, EA can also affect the intracellular survival and replication of host cell invasive bacteria such as
Listeria monocytogenes
(LMO) and
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium (
S
. Typhimurium). The EA utilization (
eut
) genes can be categorized as regulatory, enzymatic, or structural, and previous work in LMO showed that loss of genes encoding functions for the enzymatic breakdown of EA inhibited LMO intracellular replication. In this work, we sought to further characterize the role of EA utilization during LMO infection of host cells. Unlike what was previously observed for
S
. Typhimurium, in LMO, an EA regulator mutant (
ΔeutV
) was equally deficient in intracellular replication compared to an EA metabolism mutant (
ΔeutB
)
,
and this was consistent across Caco-2, RAW 264.7, and THP-1 cell lines. The structural genes encode proteins that self-assemble into bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) that encase the enzymes necessary for EA metabolism. For the first time, native EUT BMCs were fluorescently tagged, and EUT BMC formation was observed
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Interestingly, BMC formation was observed in bacteria infecting Caco-2 cells, but not the macrophage cell lines. Finally, the cellular immune response of Caco-2 cells to infection with
eut
mutants was examined, and it was discovered that
ΔeutB
and
ΔeutV
mutants similarly elevated the expression of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, EA sensing and utilization during LMO intracellular infection are important for optimal LMO replication and immune evasion but are not always concomitant with BMC formation.

IMPORTANCE

Listeria monocytogenes
(LMO) is a bacterial pathogen that can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals when consumed in contaminated food. It can replicate inside of mammalian cells, escaping detection by the immune system. Therefore, understanding the features of this human pathogen that contribute to its infectiousness and intracellular lifestyle is important. In this work we demonstrate that genes encoding both regulators and enzymes of EA metabolism are important for optimal growth inside mammalian cells. Moreover, the formation of specialized compartments to enable EA metabolism were visualized by tagging with a fluorescent protein and found to form when LMO infects some mammalian cell types, but not others. Interestingly, the formation of the compartments was associated with features consistent with an early stage of the intracellular infection. By characterizing bacterial metabolic pathways that contribute to survival in host environments, we hope to positively impact knowledge and facilitate new treatment strategies.
Deprescribing in older adults with polypharmacy
Authors: Hung Anna , Kim Yoon Hie , Pavon Juliessa M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Polypharmacy is common in older adults and is associated with adverse
drug events, cognitive and functional impairment, increased healthcare
costs, and increased risk of frailty, falls, hospitalizations, and
mortality. Many barriers exist to deprescribing, but increased efforts have
been made to develop and implement deprescribing interventions that overcome
them. This narrative review describes intervention components and summarizes
findings from published randomized controlled trials that have tested
deprescribing interventions in older adults with polypharmacy, as well as
reports on ongoing trials, guidelines, and resources that can be used to
facilitate deprescribing. Most interventions were medication reviews in
primary care settings, and many contained components such as shared decision
making and/or a focus on patient care priorities, training for healthcare
professionals, patient facing education materials, and involvement of family
members, representing great heterogeneity in interventions addressing
polypharmacy in older adults. Just over half of study interventions were
found to perform better than usual care in at least one of their primary
outcomes, and most study interventions were assessed over 12 months or
less.
102: PROMOTING INFORMATION LITERACY BY PROMOTING HEALTH LITERACY IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY
Authors: Dastani Meisam , Sattari Masoume 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:In the information society the production, distribution and use of information is freely and widely available for all issues of life. Correct and appropriate use of appropriate and reliable information is especially important in health care. The present study introduces the concepts and benefits of health literacy and information literacy and its role in improving health literacy.Methods:This study is a review based on a review of the concepts of the information society, information literacy and information educated to present importance of promoting information literacy on health literacy in the information society.Results and Conclusion:The information society by providing a platform of information technology and computer systems to attempts exchange and development information between people in the community. Currently, electronic and web-based health information in the form of mass is available for people. Information as a fundamental base of the information society is a phenomenon that our decisions are affect in relation to various issues such as safety and health issues. It is important point to avoid the mass of information invalid, incorrect and inappropriate available on the internet. This requires information literacy skills such as identifying, accessing and evaluating information. In general, it can be said that the promotion of health literacy in communities are required to learn different skills in the form of information literacy.
106: REVIEW OF SCREENING PROGRAM EFFECT ON INCIDENCE OF HEMOLYTIC DISEASE DUE TO G6PD DEFICIENCIES
Authors: Tarhani Fariba , Dalvand Shabnam 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:G6PD deficiencies is a genetically issue that is noticed and is wide spread in our region and around the world. Despite the screening program for this disease since 2005 there are noticeable cases.Methods:In this descriptive study the file of 923 patients that were diagnosed with Favism and hospitalized in Khorramabad hospitals during 2005 and 2015 were reviewed. This information includes the number of occurrence for each year, the causes of new cases which analyzed and recorded.Conclusion:Even so the cases reduced from 102 at 2005 to 33 at 2015 (60% reduction) but the most case were on 2009 and 2013 with 102 case and 145 case respectively. The cause of developing of these case is under observation and consideration. The most noticeable causes of occurrences are misunderstanding of the parents from permanent nature of disease (63.0%), neglecting disease (12.0%), Lack of providing of screening results to parents (12.0%) and use of Oxidant agents without parental supervision (8.0%), use of wrong Oxidant medication (5.0%).Despite of large expenses for screening program it seems that educate and providing information to the parents needs revision.
114: STRATEGIES FOR HOLDING SUCCESSFUL EVIDENCE-BASED JOURNAL CLUBS IN THE HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND MEDICAL INFORMATICS FACULTY OF KERMAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Authors: Motamedi Fatemeh , Tavakkoli Leila , Khanjani Narges 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:Journal Club is a well-known method for reviewing new scientific articles and evidence-based information; in different fields of medical sciences.Methods:This qualitative content analysis study was done by interviewing nine academics and graduate students at the Department of Librarianship at the Faculty of Health Management and Medical Informatics of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran in 2015. Data collection was continued until saturation.Results:Several strategies for holding better journal clubs were extracted from the interviews. The main themes extracted were that; journal clubs should be held at an appropriate time, have someone in charge of organizing the facilities and content; and let everyone participate in the discussion. Also article appraisal should be taught to participants beforehand. Some of the obstacvles of a good journal club were the lack of sufficient proficiency in English and lack of proper understanding of the subject under discussion.Conclusion:Although in many great universities around the world evidence-based journal clubs are routinely and correctly held; this task has not yet been maturely performed in many educational centers in Iran. More efforts should be put into holding routine and appropriate journal clubs.
119: THE CARVACROL LEVEL AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF INDUSTRIAL AND LABORATORY ESSENTIAL OILS OF THE WILD AND CULTIVATEDSATUREJA KHUZESTANICA
Authors: hadavand Samaneh 
Published: May 2024

Background and aim:Satureja khuzestanicahas numerous proven biological properties. This study was carried out to determine the amount of carvacrol in the industrial and laboratory essential oils of the wild and cultivatedS. khuzestanica, and investigate their antibacterial properties.Methods:The essential oil of the cultivatedS. khuzestanicawas prepared industrially in the Khorraman Pharmaceutical Company, and the essential oils of the cultivated and wildS. khuzestanicawere extracted in the laboratory using the Hydrodistillation method. Identifying and determining the amount of carvacrol were performed using the gas chromatography (GC) equipment. The microbroth dilution method was applied to evaluate the antibacterial properties of the essential oils.Results:Carvacrol was the main component of the plant, and its amounts were found to be 96.9% (the highest level of carvacrol reported so far) for the essential oil of the wildS. khuzestanicataken in the laboratory, 90.6% for the essential oil of the cultivatedS. khuzestanicaextracted in the laboratory, and 81.47% for the essential oil of the cultivatedS. khuzestanicaprepared industrially. It was also found that the essential oil of this plant has remarkable antibacterial effects on standard bacteria, particularly on resistantStaphylococcus aureus.Conclusion:These results suggest thatS. khuzestanicais rich in phenolic compounds and has antioxidant properties as well. Therefore, it can be used as a useful herbal source in food and drug industries.
121: THE COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF PIOGLITAZONE AND METFORMIN ON REDUCING INSULIN RESISTANCE IN 8 TO 15 YEARS OLD CHILDREN WITH OBESITY IN GORGAN BETWEEN 2012–2013
Authors: Abbasi Fatemeh , A Zhiani Asgharzade , S Mostafavi , M Zare , M Karimi , H Zaeri 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:Insulin resistance is one of the metabolic complications of obesity in childhood. Metformin and pioglitazone are medications that have beneficial effects in improving insulin sensitivity via different mechanisms. The aim of this study was to comparing the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on reducing insulin resistance in 8 to 15 years old children with obesity.Methods:In this clinical trial, 60 of 15–8 years old children with obesity or overweight were randomly divided to two groups; P (treated with 15 mg/day pioglitazone) and M (treated with 1000 mg/day metformin), and were studied for three months. Anthropometric and laboratory parameters were measured for each patient before and after intervention. Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was determined for the children at the beginning and end of the study. The Collected data were analyzed using SPSS-18 statistical software and t-test.Results:Median age of children was 10 years in both groups. In group P, 30% and in group M, 53.3% of patients were male. In both groups were observed a significant reduction in weight, BMI and HOMA-IR, fasting insulin and glucose (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). There was also a significant reduction in triglycerides and cholesterol in both groups (P<0.05). Metformin caused a significant decrease in the levels of HDL P<0.05), but there was no significant change in LDL levels in any groups, (P>0.05). 10% of children were diagnosed low risk medical complications.Conclusion:The results showed that both pioglitazone and metformin significantly reduced body weight, BMI and insulin resistance index in obese children.
130: THE EFFECT OF MUSIC IN OPERATING ROOM: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Vahed Nafiseh , Kabiri Neda , Oskouei Mina Mahami , Gavgani Vahideh Zarea , Khatooni Azam Asghari , Sadooghi Nahid 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:Operating room is a quiet place and serious that there will be any extra noise to the distraction and interfere with verbal communication between people. However, numerous studies have shown that a significant relaxation in the operating room does not establish silence and may be used to achieve this purpose; the quiet sound of music .This study is a systematic review about the effects of music on the healing process of patients in the operating room.Methods:We systematically reviewed the literature from Medline (PubMed), The Cochrane Library, Ovid, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest and Google Scholar published between 2000 and 2016. The search strategy included a combination of Mesh and Free Keywords, “Music”, “Music Therapy”, “Operating room”, “operating theatre”, “surgery room”, in all fields. Also the publication types of review and articles were included and meetings abstract, editorials, brief commentaries, letters, errata and papers that Subtopics were also excluded.Results:Our initial search identified 480 abstracts. Application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria resulted in 17 articles for review. Findings indicated that music has a positive effect on patient perception of anxiety, pain and satisfaction some times, but it was relatively ineffective when there is a severe pain. Also findings showed that loud music played in operating theatres hinders the ability of nurses to hear instructions. On the other hand surgeons speed increase with music played in operating theaters.Discussion:Music is a free way to improve patients stress and pain before and during surgery. Although there isn't enough evidence in order to draw a net conclusion about the effect of music in operating rooms.
183: IRANIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE: AN OVERVIEW OF DIALOGUE BETWEEN TWO PARADIGMS
Authors: Moradi Siavash , Hosseini Amirsaeed 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:The history of medicine has experienced multiple emersions and wanes of several paradigms. Attenuation of a paradigm and finally its wane will occur when that paradigm is unresponsive to new scientific questions and needs. All studies run about Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) has acknowledged its ability to response to new clinical needs, but are in agreement in this point that instructions of ITM should be revised befitting to the Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). This review describes the main dimensions of both ITM and EBM and criticizes the approach of adaptation of ITM instructions to principles of EBM.Methods:The keywords of Evidence–based Medicine, Traditional Medicine and Iran were searched through databases of Pub Med, CINAHL, and Google scholar. Also philosophical debates about medical paradigms were extracted from the Literature.Results:Experts in philosophy of medicine believe that two competing paradigms are typically incommensurable i.e. without a common Language into which both can be translated, and mutually exclusive because of their incompatible characteristics. ITM is both comparable and compatible with EBM, but cannot be completely integrated in EBM framework. Reiteration of experiences, exclusive value of expert opinions and practices and regarding to the art dimension of medical practice are the main characteristics of traditional paradigm. ITM gives credit for repeatability of experiences and opinions which have no place in EBM. Also, ITM emphasizes on expert opinions which are in the lowest level of EBM's hierarchy of evidence. Conversely translating general knowledge into particular cases, as an index of art dimension of ITM is in contrast to scientific dimension of EBM that has challenges associated with applying the results of Randomized Controlled Trials to individual patients. Also epistemological and ethical critiques of EBM declined its predilection to other paradigms in which focus on unsystematic clinical observations, mechanistic reasoning and expert opinions.Conclusion:ITM, similarly to other paradigms, has distinct and noticeable characteristics and should be outreached internally. Although the rules of other paradigms may inhibit its ongoing evolution, but are disable to destruct its structure completely.