bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miracles and God: A Reply to Robert A. H. Larmer
Authors: Overall Christine 
Published: April 2010

RésuméJ'ai soutenu dans un article de 1985 que s'il y avait des miracles, cela parlerait contre l'existence du Dieu judéo-chrétien. Dans son livre de 1988 sur le concept de miracle, Robert Larmer propose une critique de mes arguments. J'évalue ici la force de cette critique. Je montre que la redéfinition de «miracle» que propose Larmer est circulaire; que sa distinction est spécieuse entre violer une hi naturelle et la surmonter grâce à la création ou la destruction d'énergie par Dieu; et que sa tentative de montrer que les miracles sont le produit d'un être rationnel, bienfaisant et tout-puissant est inadéquate.
The Clash of Paradigms: Taylor vs. Narveson on the Foundations of Ethics
Authors: Beam Craig 
Published: April 2010

RésuméCet article examine les différences entre deuxparadigmes dominants en éthique: 1) la théorie du contrat, qui est fondationnelle et anhistorique, et 2) l'approche néo-aristotélicienne, qui s'enracine dans les phénomènes de l'expérience éthique ordinaire. Le premier paradigme est exemplifié par Jan Narveson, le second par Charles Taylor. Le présent article voudrait à la fois jeter quelque lumière sur ces divergences théoriques et soutenir l'approche de Taylor contre les tenants de la théorie du contrat. Je tiens que les theories procédurales du juste dependent en réalite d'une conception sous-jacente du bien; que nous ne devrions pas accepter une éthique des libertés (ni aucune autre éthique) sur la seule base d'un argument contractualiste abstrait; et que la théorie du contrat est incapable de mettre en lumière les veritables sources morales de l'éthique des libertés.
Grazing in the Sunlight: On H. S. Harris's “The Cows in the Dark Night”
Authors: di Giovanni George 
Published: April 2010

I have only two comments to make, both of which will appear incidental at first. Their full relevance to the paper you have just read will become clear at the end, as I hope.The first refers to Harris's remark that Jacobi, Schleiermacher and Herder “make strange bedfellows”. Actually, they do not. This is one more example, I believe, of Hegel's usual idiosyncratic yet conceptually sound classification of philosophers and philosophies. I am thinking especially of the Jacobi-Herder pair, but I suspect that what I have to say would apply to the third member of the trio as well. We must remember that, at the time of the writing of the Preface to the Phenomenology, the 1815 edition of Jacobi's dialogue David Hume on Faith, which Jacobi himself had overseen, did not exist. It is the edition that we are most likely to have read, because the wonders of photomechanical reproduction have made it easily available. Hegel, however, could only have read the dialogue in its 1787 edition, without the long new Introduction which Jacobi added in 1815 as an introduction to his collected works as well.
A Dialogue Concerning Liberty and Community
Authors: Mann Doug , Murray Malcolm 
Published: April 2010

RésuméDans ce dialogue, deux personnages principaux, Philopolis et Éleuthérios, proposent la position communautarienne et la position contractualiste libérale comme fondements de la théorie politique. Le débat se déroule, comme tout bon débat devrait lefaire, autour d'une bouteille de Chardonnay.
Sentence Meaning, Speaker Meaning, and Davidson's Denial of Metaphorical Meaning
Authors: McGuire John Michael 
Published: April 2010

RÉSUMÉCet article concerne le rejet controversé de la notion de signification métaphorique par Donald Davidson. Il a deux objectifs: d'abord, de montrer que l'argument de Davidson contre la signification mètaphorique est vicié par une ambiguîté qui, une fois révélée, lui ôte toute portée; et deuxièmement, d'expliquer d'où vient cette ambiguîté. L'explication proposée rapporte l'erreur de Davidson au sujet de la signification métaphorique à sa négligence de la notion de signification du locuteur et, plus généralement, à une orientation théorique envers le langage, qui ne s'intéresse, principalement, qu'aux aspects de la communication qui peuvent recevoir un traitement sémantique formel.
Psychologie évolutionniste et théories interdomaines
Authors: Faucher Luc , Poirier Pierre 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEvolutionary psychology presupposes relations between theories of different domains that the two traditional models, reduction and autonomy, cannot properly account for. We aim to construct a model of relations between theories that succeeds where traditional models fail. We show that the multiple realizability argument, on which the autonomist model is thought to rest, is compatible with reductionism and, following Kim, that an autonomist reading of the argument deprives psychology of its scientific status. We therefore opt for a reductionist model compatible with functionalism and multiple realizability, but show that, within evolutionary psychology at least, the very application of the conditions of reduction requires strong interactions between psychology and various other adjacent disciplines. We also show that reduction must be preceded in evolutionary psychology by an “augmentation” of the reduction base, which brings still other disciplines into play. Finally, we present a model of the interaction between disciplines we believe accounts best for these relations and discuss the problems facing this kind of enterprise.
Realism and the Epistemological Significance of Inference to the Best Explanation
Authors: Vahid Hamid 
Published: April 2010

RÉSUMÉMalgré son usage très répandu, l'inférence à la meilleure explication (IME) a souvent été considérée avec suspicion par des théoriciens d'allégeances diverses. On lui a reproché à maintes reprises defaire reposer son recours à la simplicité et ses autres vertus explicatives sur des présuppositions métaphysiques douteuses. J'aborde ces questions, dans le présent article, dans le contexte d'une discussion large de l'usage de l'IME pour fonder notre croyance au monde extérieur. Distinguant entre la légitimité et l'efficacité de l'IME, je soutiendrai qu'elle constitue bien une forme légitime d'inférence, mais que son efficacité dépend de la fonction de la théorie de la connaissance qui la supporte.
Descartes' Doubt of Minds
Authors: Cook Monte 
Published: April 2010

Early in the Second Meditation Descartes has found grounds to doubt his previous opinions, and following his resolve to reject as false anything not entirely indubitable, he rejects these opinions. He then asks whether there might remain something impervious to doubt that he has not yet considered. One item as yet unconsidered is his own existence:I myself, am I not at least something? But I have already denied that I had senses and body. Yet I hesitate, for what follows from that? Am I so dependent on body and senses that I cannot exist without these? But I was persuaded that there was nothing in all the world, that there was no heaven, no earth, that there were no minds, nor any bodies: was I not then likewise persuaded that I did not exist? (HR I, 150)
Charity and Ideology: The Field Linguist as Social Critic
Authors: Ramberg Bjørn 
Published: April 2010

The problem I want to raise in this paper will not be a problem for anyone who does not share both the following concerns or prejudices. The first is that we should take a materialist, extensional approach to linguistic meaning, specifically, the approach that is suggested by the work of Donald Davidson. The second is that social analysis must be emancipatory, and that this requires the conceptual possibility of postulating social structures that are in some sense hidden by discourse. The problem I want to address lies in a possible conflict between these concerns, both of which I will clarify, though not justify (except in so far as we take their compatibility to be apart of their respective justifications). The problem is this: Does the methodological core of Davidson's semantics—the principle of charity—permit interpretation informed by a concept of ideological concealment?As with many of our philosophical problems, the existence of this one is quite precarious. We can avoid avoiding it only if we move along a rather specific route, which, I am afraid, will constitute a good chunk of my paper.
Une conception sociopolitique de la nation
Authors: Seymour Michel 
Published: April 2010

AbstractI submit what, I believe, is a fairly new definition of the nation, one which I call the sociopolitical conception. I try to avoid as much as possible the traditional dichotomy between the exclusively civic and ethnic accounts, and try to explain my reasons for doing so. I also adopt as a general framework a certain conceptual pluralism which allows me to use many different concepts of the nation. After that, I proceed by formulating some constraints on any acceptable new definition. My own sociopolitical conception is then finally introduced. The sociopolitical nation is a political community, most often composed, sociologically, of a national majority, national minorities, and individuals with other national origins. The concept of national majority is crucial for the account and refers to the largest sample in the world of a given population sharing a common language, history, and culture. National minorities are defined as extensions of neighbouring nations, while individuals of other national origins are those members of ethnic minorities that have come from immigration. There would be no sociopolitical nation if there were no national majority, but this is compatible with a pluricultural and multi-ethnic view of the nation, since the political community may also include national minorities and individuals with a different origin. I end the article by showing that this definition meets the constraints that were initially introduced.
The Moral and Ethical Significance of TIT FOR TAT
Authors: Danielson Peter 
Published: April 2010

TIT FOR TAT (TFT) is the familiar strategy of returning like for like, good for good, bad for bad. Recently Robert Axelrod has shown this rule to be remarkably effective in promoting co-operation among egoists.1Nevertheless, it has been morally denigrated, most notably in the Sermon on the Mount but also by the modern patron of TFT, Anatol Rapoport:Of the contingent strategies, Tit-for-tat elicits consistently the most cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma. Obviously, it would be fatuous to interpret this result as a vindication of the “eye-for-an-eye” principle. The success of Tit-for-tat may be no more than that of a simple reinforcement schedule in à two-choice situation, devoid of ethical overtones.
Reply to Braybrooke and de Sousa
Authors: Taylor Charles 
Published: April 2010

These two interesting papers raise a number of important issues. I will limit myself, however, to drawing out some of the recurring questions, in order to keep myself from wandering too much down fascinating side alleys.I cannot resist, however, beginning with what sounds like a digression. There is a lot of misunderstanding of what I was trying to say, especially in Braybrooke's paper. My author's reflex is to blame my readers. But a moment's quiet thought makes me aware of how far from totally clear I was. More than that, some of what is at issue between us is precisely the grid within which these questions should be debated. I am dissatisfied with the accepted way of putting some of these questions, and I want to propose new terms. It was inevitable that misunderstandings arise in these circumstances.
Marx and Rights
Authors: Corlett J. Angelo 
Published: April 2010

It is often either assumed or argued that political liberalism respects rights, while Marxism does not. In fact, many believe that the omission of rights in communism counts decisively against the viability of Karl Marx's social philosophy. Is there room for rights in Marx's social philosophy?This paper examines Allen E. Buchanan's interpretation of Marx's critique of rights. Contrary to Buchanan's view, I shall argue that Marx's critique of rights is limited rather than comprehensive in scope. I shall also set forth part of a foundation of a Marxian theory of rights.
Pour un nouvel empirisme
Authors: Auroux Sylvain 
Published: April 2010

La connaissance est traditionnellement envisagée comme un processus mettant en rapport un sujet et un objet. Le processus peut être doublement orienté selon que l'on considère la réception de l'information par l e sujet, ou la représentation de l'objet qui peut avoir différentes modalités, parmi lesquelles je compte l'assertion de quelque chose quant à l'objet. Je schématise ces deux orientations de la façon suivante:(1) I (O,S) = K1(2) R (S,O) = K2Prendre connaissance d'un manuel de mathématiques, être ébloui par une lumière vive, n'est pas identique à résoudre un problème de mathématiques, ou à savoir que la voiture qui vient en face n'a pas mis ses feux de croisement. Il y a bien lieu de distinguer deux types de connaissances: K1 et K2; je ne me préoccuperai pas de la question générale de l'identité des éléments de chacune et j'utiliserai les mêmes symboles S et O.
Causality and Agency: A Refutation of Hume
Authors: Gerwin Martin 
Published: April 2010

In Book I of theTreatise of Human Nature, Hume examines the idea of necessary connection, which, he observes, forms an indispensable part of our idea of cause and effect. He concludes:The idea of necessity arises from some impression. There is no impression convey'd by our senses, which can give rise to that idea. It must, therefore, by deriv'd from some internal impression, or impression of reflexion. There is no internal impression which has any relation to the present business, but that propensity, which custom produces, to pass from an object to the idea of its usual attendant. This therefore is the essence of necessity. Upon the whole, necessity is something, that exists in the mind, not in objects; nor is it possible for us ever to form the most distant idea of it, consider'd as a quality in bodies. Either we have no idea of necessity, or necessity is nothing but that determination of the thought to pass from causes to effects and from effects to causes, according to their experienced union.
Taking Rorty Seriously
Authors: Nielsen Kai 
Published: April 2010

RésuméRichard Rorty est souvent vu comme une sorte de clone américain de Derrida et considéré, en tant que tel, comme irresponsable à la fois au plan philosophique et au plan politique. Je soutiens que c'est là une caricature. Rorty propose à la fois une version unifiée, pénétrante et raisonnée du pragmatisme, et une métaphilosophie originale et stimulante, imprégnée de la tradition analytique et qui, tout en lui adressant un défi de taille, lui reste néanmoins tout à fait accessible. Tel est mon propos principal. J'ai deux sous-thèmes: 1) que Rorty a été caricaturé par la gauche; et 2) qu'une position comme celle de Rorty et celle du marxisme analytique peuvent être compatibles.
Antigone's Transgression: Hegel and Bataille on the Divine and the Human
Authors: Burke Victoria I. 
Published: April 2010

RésuméCet article concerne le conflit entre le domaine du divin et celui de l'humain dans la lecture hégélienne de l'Antigone de Sophocle. Je soutiens que la lecture de l'Antigone par Hegel sous-estime la négativité du sacré et que, contrairement à ce que pense Hegel, l'action d'Antigone ne peut pas être dépassée (kann nicht aufgehoben werden), parce que son telos n'est pas l'unité, mais plutôt le rétablissement de ce que Bataille appellerait la continuité, ou l'indifférencié. Le sens du récit de l'Antigone excède ainsi l'usage qu'en fait Hegel et s'accorde davantage avec la compréhension du sacré proposée par Bataille.
Externalism and Scepticism
Authors: Butler Keith 
Published: April 2010

RésuméL'externalisme permet-il, de concert avec certaines thèses plausibles concernant la connaissance de soi, une réfutation a priori de certaines formes de scepticisme? Cette perspective sourit à certains, tandis que d'autres craignent que cela ne révèle le caractère trop compromettant de l'externalisme sur le plan épistémologique. Je soutiens ici qu'on peut contrer l'argument en question et bloquer la réfutation a priori du scepticisme. Au bout du compte, cependant, des tensions logiques demeurent entre l'externalisme et le scepticisme, de sorte que la menace d'limplications épistémologiques trop fortes continue de planer sur l'externalisme.
On Being Perfect and Doing the Right Thing
Authors: Isaacs Tracy 
Published: April 2010

RésuméJ'examine ici la plausibilité du perfectionnisme, compris comme une théorie morale dotée d'une structure conséquentialiste maximisante et du principe d'action suivant: maximise la valeur perfectionniste. Je soutiens que: 1) la structure en question ne répond pas aux préoccupations principales qui ont été responsables de l'intérêt récent pour ce type de théorie; 2) le principe d'action n'a que l'apparence de la précision; 3) nous ne pouvons promouvoir la valeur perfectionniste, vue comme une exigence morale, qu'en l'intégrant à un cadre moral pluraliste; et 4) si nous l'intégrons à un cadre moral pluraliste, alors le principe requérant sa promotion ne peut pas être un principe de maximisation.
Psychoanalysis as a Hermeneutics of the Subject: Freud, Ricoeur, Lacan
Authors: Franke William 
Published: April 2010

RésuméLa connaissance herméneutique est généralement définie comme un savoir engagé, par opposition au savoir détaché que produit la méthode scientifique. La tension entre ces deux modèles dans la théorie psychanalytique de Freud est ici mise en évidence avec l'aide de Ricœur: cette théorie interprète des intentions conscientes, mais explique en même temps la vie psychique d'une façon mécaniste en termes depulsions somatiques. On montre ensuite comment le développement lacanien de la psychanalyse rend l'être habituellement caché de la subjectivité—l'inconscient—accessible comme langage. Structuré comme un langage, l'inconscient est articulé et interprétable; et son interprétation est accès au langage du «réel», par-delà les limites de l'objectivité scientifique.
Une solution pour le paradoxe de Goodman
Authors: Franceschi Paul 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the classical version of Goodman's Paradox, the universe where the problem takes place is ambiguous. The conditions of induction being accurately described, I define then a framework of n-universes, allowing the distinction, among the criteria of a given n-universe, between constants and variables. Within this framework, I distinguish between two versions of the problem, respectively taking place: (i) in ann-universe the variables of which are colour and time; (ii) in ann-universe the variables of which are colour, time, and space. Finally, I show that each of these versions admits a specific resolution.
Is Hume's Epistemology Internalist or Externalist?
Authors: Meeker Kevin 
Published: April 2010

RésuméLes philosophes distinguent souvent entre les théories internalistes et externalistes de la connaissance. Après avoir expliqué cette distinction, je défends l'idée que la théorie de la connaissance de Hume doit préférablement être vue comme étant de type internaliste. En outre, je soutiens que la version humienne de l'internalisme consolide une interprétation sceptique de Hume plutôt qu'une interprétation naturaliste. Mon objectif n'est pas seulement d'adresser un nouveau défi aux interprétations naturalistes de Hume, mais aussi d'inviter à une étude plus approfondie de plusieurs questions qui méritent l'attention si nous devons développer une compréhension adéquate de la théorie de la connaissance de cet auteur.
Pseudagnostus rugosusErgaliev, 1980: a key agnostoid species for intercontinental correlation of upper Furongian (Cambrian) strata
Authors: TERFELT FREDRIK , AHLBERG PER 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPseudagnostus rugosusErgaliev, 1980 is described from the FurongianCtenopyge tumidaZone at Gislövshammar, Scania, southern Sweden. This is the first record of this distinctive agnostoid in Scandinavia. The species is known previously from Malyi Karatau, Kazakhstan, and northwestern Hunan and western Zhejiang, South China, and provides a newly recognized link between middle–upper Furongian successions in Baltica, Kazakhstan and South China. The occurrences ofP. rugosusallow a correlation between theC. tumidaZone of Baltica, the lowerEolotagnostus scrobicularis–JegorovaiaZone of Kazakhstan and the lowerLotagnostus americanusZone of South China.
Challenges in Stellar Population Studies
Authors: Brinchmann Jarle 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe stellar populations of galaxies contain a wealth of detailed information. From the youngest, most massive stars, to almost invisible remnants, the history of star formation is encoded in the stars that make up a galaxy. Extracting some, or all, of this information has long been a goal of stellar population studies. This was achieved in the last couple of decades and it is now a routine task, which forms a crucial ingredient in much of observational galaxy evolution, from our Galaxy out to the most distant systems found. In many of these domains we are now limited not by sample size, but by systematic uncertainties and this will increasingly be the case in the future.The aim of this review is to outline the challenges faced by stellar population studies in the coming decade within the context of upcoming observational facilities. I will highlight the need to better understand the near-IR spectral range and outline the difficulties presented by less well understood phases of stellar evolution such as thermally pulsing AGB stars, horizontal branch stars and the very first stars. The influence of rotation and binarity on stellar population modelling is also briefly discussed.
Blue Stragglers: Spectra of Globular Clusters
Authors: Cenarro A. J. , Cervantes J. L. , Beasley M. A. , Marin-Franch A. , Vazdekis A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe integrated Balmer lines of unresolved stellar systems have been widely used as age indicators, since they are sensitive to the temperature of the main sequence turn-off. However, the existence of “non-canonical” stellar stages such as hot horizontal branch stars and blue straggler stars (BSSs) can lead to underestimations of the true stellar population ages. Using an optimized Hβ index in conjunction with HST/WFPC2 color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), we find that Galactic globular clusters of similar metallicity exhibit a large scatter in their Hβ strengths, which does not correlate with their CMD-derived ages. Instead, we demonstrate that the specific frequency of BSSs is responsible for the observed Hβ scatter at intermediate-to-high metallicity, in the sense that, at fixed metallicity, higher BSS ratios lead to larger integrated Hβ strengths. Therefore, the specific frequency of BSSs sets a fundamental limit on the accuracy for which integrated spectroscopic ages can be determined for globular clusters and, probably, other stellar systems like galaxies. The observational implications of this result are discussed.