bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial consequences of disordered eating attitudes in elite female figure skaters
Authors: Scoffier Stéphanie , Woodman Tim , d'Arripe‐Longueville Fabienne 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to test a model of the effects of athletes' eating disorders on coach, sport friend and parent social relationships and peer social acceptance through physical self‐perceptions (i.e. perceived physical appearance and perceived physical ability). The sample comprised 199 elite female figure skaters. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Our results showed that the effects of athletes' eating disorders on social relationships were not mediated by physical self‐perceptions. Athletes' eating disorders directly negatively influenced the quality of the parent–athlete relationship, thus confirming previous findings in young adults. Contrary to the literature, eating disorders were positively related to perceived physical ability. This paradoxical finding is discussed in relation to achievement theories and the particularity of the sport context. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association
Disordered eating and exercise: Development and preliminary validation of the compulsive exercise test (CET)
Authors: Taranis Lorin , Touyz Stephen , Meyer Caroline 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe Compulsive Exercise Test (CET) was developed to assess the primary factors operating in the maintenance of excessive exercise.MethodsA total of 367 young female exercisers were recruited from University campuses. Across three separate studies, the participants completed either the CET alone, or the CET and other standard self‐report measures of excessive exercise and eating psychopathology.ResultsFactor analyses yielded five factors from which a final 24‐item, five subscale measure was constructed. The CET demonstrated high internal consistency across the three samples. Supporting the concurrent and convergent validity of the scale, the CET correlated in the expected direction with existing measures of excessive exercise and eating pathology. As expected, the CET explained greater variance in eating pathology than existing measures of excessive exercise.DiscussionThe resulting subscales of the CET are consistent with a cognitive‐behavioural maintenance model of excessive exercise and support the multidimensionality of the excessive exercise construct. Further research is required to validate the instrument within a sample of eating disordered women. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Exercise dependence score in patients with longstanding eating disorders and controls: The importance of affect regulation and physical activity intensity
Authors: Bratland‐Sanda Solfrid , Martinsen Egil W. , Rosenvinge Jan H. , Rø Øyvind , Hoffart Asle , Sundgot‐Borgen Jorunn 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations among exercise dependence score, amount of physical activity and eating disorder (ED) symptoms in patients with longstanding ED and non‐clinical controls.MethodsAdult female inpatients (n = 59) and 53 age‐matched controls participated in this cross sectional study. Assessments included the eating disorders examination, eating disorders inventory, exercise dependence scale, reasons for exercise inventory, and MTI Actigraph accelerometer.ResultsPositive associations were found among vigorous, not moderate, physical activity, exercise dependence score and ED symptoms in patients. In the controls, ED symptoms were negatively associated with vigorous physical activity and not correlated with exercise dependence score. Exercise for negative affect regulation, not weight/appearance, and amount of vigorous physical activity were explanatory variables for exercise dependence score in both groups.ConclusionsThe positive associations among exercise dependence score, vigorous physical activity and ED symptoms need proper attention in the treatment of longstanding ED. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Impact of the magnitude and frequency of debris‐flow events on the evolution of an alpine alluvial fan during the last two centuries: responses to natural and anthropogenic controls
Authors: Colombera Luca , Bersezio Riccardo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe dynamics and the surface evolution of a post‐LGM debris‐flow‐dominated alluvial fan (Tartano alluvial fan), which lies on the floor of an alpine valley (Valtellina, Northern Italy), have been investigated by means of an integrated study comprising geomorphological field work, a sedimentological study, photointerpretation, quantitative geomorphology, analysis of ancient to modern cartography and consultation of historical documents and records. The fan catchment meteoclimatic, geological and geomorphological characteristics result in fast rates of geomorphic reorganization of the fan surface (2 km2). The dynamics of the fan are determined by the alternation of low‐return period catastrophic alluvial events dominated by non‐cohesive debris flows triggered by extreme rainstorms which caused aggradation and steepening of the fan and avulsion of its main channel, with periods of low to moderate streamflow discharge punctuated by low‐ to intermediate‐magnitude flood events, causing slower but steady topographic reworking. The most ancient parts of the fan surface date back at least to the first half of the 19th century, but most of the fan surface has been restructured after 1911, mainly during the debris‐flow‐dominated events of 1911 and 1987. Phases of rapid fan toe incision and fan degradation have been recognized; since the 1930s or 1940s, the Tartano fan has been subjected to a state of deep entrenchment and narrowing of the main trunk channel and distributary area. Post‐Little Ice Age climate change and present‐day surface uplift rates have been considered as possible explanations for the observed geomorphic evolution, but tectonic or climatic controls cannot account for the order of magnitude of the erosional pace. Anthropogenic controls plausibly override the natural ones: in particular, the building of a dam in the late 1920s, about 2 km upstream of the fan, seems to have triggered fan dissection, having altered the sediment discharge through sediment retention. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute and chronic toxicity of boron to a variety of freshwater organisms
Authors: Soucek David J , Dickinson Amy , Koch Brian T 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Boron enters the aquatic environment from various sources, including weathering of borates, sewage effluents, coal combustion, use of cleaning compounds, and agrochemicals. The present study was designed to generate data on acute and chronic boron toxicity in support of an update of water quality standards in Illinois, USA. We examined the acute toxicity of boron to eight different freshwater organisms including a fish, an insect, two crustaceans, and four bivalve mollusks. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present data on the toxicity of boron to freshwater mollusks. We also sought to clarify whether hardness or pH affect boron toxicity to aquatic life, and to quantify chronic effect levels in two freshwater species. Sensitivity among the various species ranged widely, with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) being the most sensitive. Neither pH nor hardness had a consistent effect on acute boron toxicity to two crustaceans (Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca), but we observed evidence that chloride reduces boron toxicity to H. azteca. The fathead minnow, while more acutely sensitive than the other species, had a lower acute to chronic ratio than did H. azteca, which had reduced reproduction at 13 mg/L. While we do not know the extent to which the eight tested species represent the range of sensitivities of native but untested species in Illinois, the current water quality standard for Illinois (1 mg/L) is conservative with regard to the native species tested thus far. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1906–1914. © 2011 SETAC
Application of chemical toxicity distributions to ecotoxicology data requirements under REACH
Authors: Williams E. Spencer , Berninger Jason P , Brooks Bryan W 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The European Union's REACH regulation has further highlighted the lack of ecotoxicological data for substances in the marketplace. The mandates under REACH (registration, evaluation, authorization, and restriction of chemicals) to produce data and minimize testing on vertebrates present an impetus for advanced hazard assessment techniques using read-across. Research in our group has recently focused on probabilistic ecotoxicological hazard assessment approaches using chemical toxicity distributions (CTDs). Using available data for chemicals with similar modes of action or within a chemical class may allow for selection of a screening point value (SPV) for development of environmental safety values, based on a probabilistic distribution of toxicity values for a specific endpoint in an ecological receptor. Ecotoxicity data for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and surfactants in Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas were gathered from several data sources, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ECOTOX and Pesticides Ecotoxicity databases, the peer-reviewed literature, and the Human and Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) project. Chemical toxicity distributions were subsequently developed, and the first and fifth centiles were used as SPVs for the development of screening-predicted no-effect concentrations (sPNECs). The first and fifth centiles of these distributions were divided by an assessment factor of 1,000, as recommended by REACH guidance. Use of screening values created using these techniques could support the processes of data dossier development and environmental exposure assessment, allowing for rigorous prioritization in testing and monitoring to fill data gaps. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1943–1954. © 2011 SETAC
Locally Resolved Measurements in a Segmented HTPEM Fuel Cell with Straight Flow‐Fields
Authors: Siegel C. , Bandlamudi G. , Filusch F. , Heinzel A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSignificant advances have been reported in building and testing of high‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (HTPEM) fuel cells and stacks during recent years. Quantity distribution measurement techniques (e.g. current density, temperature and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) using segmented cells are commonly used to characterise low‐temperature PEM (LTPEM) fuel cells. Performing these measurements at higher temperatures is more difficult and a relatively new process. For this study, a fully operational segmented HTPEM fuel cell using a straight flow‐field configuration was designed, constructed and tested. The cathode side bipolar half‐plate consisted of 36 exchangeable segments, whereas, the anode side bipolar half‐plate was not segmented. The cell was operated at various operating temperatures with various anode gas compositions and air (no backpressure). In addition to the experimental results, a simple computational fluid dynamics model based on COMSOL Multiphysics® 3.5a was used to support the observed behaviour during segmented measurements. The computational domain consisted of the cathode side gas channels and the porous media. All of the boundary conditions and gas properties were defined in a manner similar to the experimental investigations. Some of the theoretical results were compared to the experimental results and conclusions were drawn.
Graphitic Carbon as Durable Cathode‐Catalyst Support for PEFCs
Authors: Vinod Selvaganesh S. , Selvarani G. , Sridhar P. , Pitchumani S. , Shukla A. K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLong‐term deterioration in the performance of PEFCs is attributed largely to reduction in active area of the platinum catalyst at cathode, usually caused by carbon‐support corrosion. It is found that the use of graphitic carbon as cathode‐catalyst support enhances its long‐term stability in relation to non‐graphitic carbon. This is because graphitic‐carbon‐supported‐Pt (Pt/GrC) cathodes exhibit higher resistance to carbon corrosion in‐relation to non‐graphitic‐carbon‐supported‐Pt (Pt/Non‐GrC) cathodes in PEFCs during accelerated stress test (AST) as evidenced by chronoamperometry and carbon dioxide studies. The corresponding change in electrochemical surface area (ESA), cell performance and charge‐transfer resistance are monitored through cyclic voltammetry (CV), cell polarisation and impedance measurements, respectively. The degradation in performance of PEFC with Pt/GrC cathode is found to be around 10% after 70 h of AST as against 77% for Pt/Non‐GrC cathode. It is noteworthy that Pt/GrC cathodes can withstand even up to 100 h of AST with nominal effect on their performance. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and cross‐sectional field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) studies before and after AST suggest lesser deformation in catalyst layer and catalyst particles for Pt/GrC cathodes in relation to Pt/Non‐GrC cathodes, reflecting that graphitic carbon‐support resists carbon corrosion and helps mitigating aggregation of Pt‐particles.
Combined Usage of Sodium Borohydride and Aluminum Powder for High‐performance Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Dai H.‐B. , Ma G.‐L. , Xia H.‐J. , Wang P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe sodium borohydride (NaBH4)‐based hydrolysis system has received considerable interest as a potential hydrogen source for vehicular application. But its practical application was greatly restricted by the low hydrogen density and high material cost. In the present study, we reported that addition of aluminum (Al) powder is an easy but highly effective way for addressing the problems of the NaBH4‐based hydrolysis system. The system was composed of alkaline aqueous solution of NaBH4 and solid powder mixture of Al and Co2B catalyst. The effects of alkaline concentration, NaBH4 concentration and Al amount on the hydrogen generation (HG) performance of the system were investigated. Our study showed that there exist a mutual‐promoting mechanism between the hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4 and the Al/H2O reaction. As a consequence, this system exhibited distinct advantages over the conventional NaBH4‐based system in terms of HG rate, fuel conversion, hydrogen density and H2 production cost. These favourable attributes make the (NaBH4+Al)/H2O system attractive for mobile/portable hydrogen source applications.
Estimating the designated use attainment decision error rates of US Environmental Protection Agency's proposed numeric total phosphorus criteria for Florida, USA, colored lakes
Authors: McLaughlin Douglas B. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The utility of numeric nutrient criteria established for certain surface waters is likely to be affected by the uncertainty that exists in the presence of a causal link between nutrient stressor variables and designated use–related biological responses in those waters. This uncertainty can be difficult to characterize, interpret, and communicate to a broad audience of environmental stakeholders. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has developed a systematic planning process to support a variety of environmental decisions, but this process is not generally applied to the development of national or state-level numeric nutrient criteria. This article describes a method for implementing such an approach and uses it to evaluate the numeric total P criteria recently proposed by USEPA for colored lakes in Florida, USA. An empirical, log-linear relationship between geometric mean concentrations of total P (a potential stressor variable) and chlorophyll a (a nutrient-related response variable) in these lakes—that is assumed to be causal in nature—forms the basis for the analysis. The use of the geometric mean total P concentration of a lake to correctly indicate designated use status, defined in terms of a 20 µg/L geometric mean chlorophyll a threshold, is evaluated. Rates of decision errors analogous to the Type I and Type II error rates familiar in hypothesis testing, and a 3rd error rate, Eni, referred to as the nutrient criterion–based impairment error rate, are estimated. The results show that USEPA's proposed “baseline” and “modified” nutrient criteria approach, in which data on both total P and chlorophyll a may be considered in establishing numeric nutrient criteria for a given lake within a specified range, provides a means for balancing and minimizing designated use attainment decision errors. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012;8:167–174. © 2011 SETAC
Biomedical nanocomposites of poly(lactic acid) and calcium phosphate hybridized with modified carbon nanotubes for hard tissue implants
Authors: Lee Hae‐Hyoung , Sang Shin Ueon , Lee Jae‐Ho , Kim Hae‐Won 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDegradable polymer‐based materials are attractive in orthopedics and dentistry as an alternative to metallic implants for use as bone fixatives. Herein, a degradable polymer poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was combined with novel hybrid nanopowder of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)‐calcium phosphate (CP) for this application. In particular, CNTs‐CP hybrid nanopowders (0.1 and 0.25% CNTs) were prepared from the solution of ionically modified CNTs (mCNTs), which was specifically synthesized to be well‐dispersed and thus to effectively adsorb onto the CP nanoparticles. The mCNTs‐CP hybrid nanopowders were then mixed with PLA (up to 50%) to produce mCNTs‐CP‐PLA nanocomposites. The mechanical tensile strength of the nanocomposites was significantly improved by the addition of mCNTs‐CP hybrid nanopowders. Moreover, nanocomposites containing low concentration of mCNTs (0.1%) showed significantly stimulated biological responses including cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in terms of gene and protein expressions. Based on this study, the addition of novel mCNT‐CP hybrid nanopowders to PLA biopolymer may be considered a new material choice for developing hard tissue implants. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Giant magnetic moment of the core‐shell Co13@Mn20 clusters: First‐principles calculations
Authors: Jing Qun , Cao Hai‐Bin , Ge Gui‐Xian , Wang Yuan Xu , Yan Hong‐Xia , Zhang Zi‐Ying , Liu Yun‐Hu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe core‐shell clusters Co13@TM20 with TM = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni are investigated within first‐principles simulations in the framework of density‐functional theory. Huge magnetic moments have been found in the Co13@TM20 clusters especially for the Co13@Mn20 cluster with a giant magnetic moment of 113 μB. The large magnetic moments are mainly due to the special core‐shell structure and the weak interaction between the TM and other atoms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
A new paradigm in molecular recognition? specific antibody binding to membrane‐inserted HIV‐1 epitopes
Authors: Nieva José L. , Apellaniz Beatriz , Huarte Nerea , Lorizate Maier 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe conserved membrane proximal external region (MPER), adjacent to the transmembrane domain (TMD) of human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1) gp41 glycoprotein subunit, is accessible to the broadly neutralizing 4E10 and 2F5 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and, therefore, constitutes a potential target for vaccine design. This gp41 domain is postulated to be functional during the Env glycoprotein‐mediated fusion reaction by destabilizing the highly rigid viral envelope. To perform this task, the aromatic‐rich MPER is believed to insert into the interfacial region of the viral membrane external monolayer, thereby inducing the restructuring of the lipid bilayer required for fusion–pore opening. This model predicts that: (i) 2F5 and 4E10 mAbs are capable of binding epitopes inserted into the membrane interface; (ii) in‐membrane binding will result in effective blocking of MPER membrane activity; and (iii) both processes, in‐membrane recognition and blocking of membrane activity, can be modulated by altering both the lipid composition and the MPER amino acid sequence. We review here recently reported experimental data consistent with those predictions, and further speculate on their relevance for prospective anti‐HIV vaccine development. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanically enforced bond dissociation reports synergistic influence of Mn2+ and Mg2+ on the interaction between integrin α7β1 and invasin
Authors: Ligezowska Agnieszka , Boye Kristian , Eble Johannes A. , Hoffmann Bernd , Klösgen Beate , Merkel Rudolf 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIntegrins require the divalent ions magnesium and manganese for ligand recognition. Here we mechanically enforced bond dissociation to explore the influence of these ions on the mechanical strength of the specific bond between α7β1 integrin and its pathologically relevant ligand invasin. Upon addition of these cations to the measurement buffer, we observe a pronounced increase in the force necessary to separate integrin and invasin coated beads. Both ions were found to work synergistically. With free invasin in the measurement buffer we furthermore observe that competitive blocking of binding sites overrides the increase in binding strength of individual beads. We show that this is due to a very strong dependence of bond affinity on divalent ions. Our study illustrates the importance of divalent ions for the regulation of force transmission by integrin ligand bonds on the molecular level. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of hyaluronic acid interaction with calcium oxalate crystals: implication of crystals faces, pH and citrate
Authors: Lamontagne Charles‐Antoine , Plante Gérard E. , Grandbois Michel 
Published: May 2011

AbstractInteraction between hyaluronic acid (HA) present at the surface of tubular epithelial cells and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals is thought to play an important role in kidney stone formation. AFM‐based force spectroscopy, where HA is covalently attached to AFM‐probes, was used to quantify the interaction between HA and the surfaces of COM crystals. The work of adhesion of the HA‐probe as well as the rupture force of single HA molecules were quantified in order to understand the molecular regulation of HA binding to COM crystals. Our results reveal that HA adsorbs to the crystal surface in physiological conditions. We also observed increased adhesion when the pH is lowered to a value that increases the risk of kidney stone formation. HA adhesion to the COM crystal surface can be suppressed by citrate, a physiological inhibitor of stone retention currently used in the treatment and prevention of kidney stone formation. Interestingly, we also observed preferential binding of HA onto the [100] face versus the [010] face, suggesting a major contribution of the [100] faces in the crystal retention process at the surface of tubular epithelial cells and the promotion of stone formation. Our results clearly establish a direct role for the glycosaminoglycan HA present at the surface of kidney tubular epithelium in the process of COM crystal retention. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.