bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5484: Childhood leukemia and lymphoma: African experience supports a role for environmental factors
Authors: Williams Christopher K. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Major differences exist in the nature of leukaemia and lymphoma (Le/Ly) in low-income African children (LIAC) compared to those of high-income world (HIW). These include the absence of the peak incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the first quinquennium (FQ) that characterizes the disease in HIW. Conversely, chloroma association with acute myelogenous leukemia (CA-AML) and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) are rare in HIW. In 1982-1984, using standard international study protocol, we performed immunophenotypic characterisation (IPC) in 86 Le/Ly patients, including 18 &lt; 15 years, 21 ≥15 years ALL patients; 6 AML, 23 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and 18 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. Rearrangement (GR) of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes was evaluated in 19/32 samples. IPC/GR confirmed ALL subtypes as “common”: 4 (22.2%), null: 2 (11.1%), T: 7 (38.9%), B: 4 (22.2%), and 1 (5.6%) unclassifiable among ≤ 15 years and 8 (38.1%), 1(4.8%), 11 (52.4%) 1 (4.8%) and 0 (0.0%) ≥.15 years. These and other cases of Le/Ly in Ibadan/Nigeria (population &gt; 2x106) were studied for spatial clustering, while the incidence (x10−5) of childhood ALL (CAL) subtypes was estimated and compared with those of contemporary populations elsewhere. Reduced incidence of CAL in Ibadan was due to depletion of c-ALL and absence of FQ-ALL, and correlated inversely with the incidence of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and of chloroma-associated AML (CA-AML). C-ALL predominated in low-density/higher socio-economic (SES), vis-a-vis BL and CA-AML in high-density/lower SES lifestyle areas. The aberrant response model, which has been hypothesized for the high prevalence of c-ALL in HIW may also serve to explain the opposite pathology in LIAC. It is proposed that either an identical or closely related etiological pathway is shared by all three disorders.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5484. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5484
Abstract 5487: Investigating human herpesvirus 8 infection among adults in Uganda: A factor analysis approach
Authors: Chang Joanne T. , Shebl Fatma M. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Graubard Barry I. , Biryahwaho Benon , Dollard Sheila C. , Mbulaiteye Sam M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Objective: Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is highly prevalent in Uganda, and it is a necessary agent for Kaposi Sarcoma (KS). During the AIDS era, KS became epidemic. There is some evidence but limited information on sexual transmission, and prevalence varies by age, sex and region. However, current knowledge about HHV8 is based on selected populations including hospital-based samples and high-risk cohort groups, which may be biased. Methods: We analyzed a subset of the Uganda HIV/AIDS serobehavioral survey (UHSBS) 04/05 to estimate the association with risk factors and HHV8 seropositivity. HHV8 seropositivity was determined using HHV8 K8.1 and orf65 glycoproteins. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined and components were obtained by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: Among 2,681 individuals tested, HHV8 seropositivity was 55.4% (95% CI, 53.0%-57.8%). Three components were identified by PCA: sexual behavioral, socioeconomic, and cultural components. In bivariate analysis, HHV8 seropositivity was positively associated with sexual behavioral (ORquartile2=1.39, ORquartile3=1.37, ORquartile4=1.27, and Ptrend=0.1085) and cultural components (ORquartile2=1.29, ORquartile3=1.39, ORquartile4=1.59, and Ptrend=0.0024), but inversely associated with socioeconomic component (ORquartile2=0.77, ORquartile3=0.65, ORquartile4=0.59, and Ptrend&lt;0.0001). Multivariable analysis showed that HHV8 seropositivity was strongly associated with the socioeconomic component but not the other when adjusted by age, sex and region (Ptrend=0.0137). Conclusions: HHV8 infection in Uganda adults was strongly associated with lower socioeconomic status with age, sex and region adjusted but weakly associated with sexual behavioral and cultural characteristics. Lower socioeconomic class can be an indicator of having less education, poorer nutrition, and worse sanitation, which might enhance HHV8 transmission. As socioeconomic status improves over time, HHV8 seroprevalence might decline in this population.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5487. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5487
Abstract 5514: Comorbidities are associated with breast cancer in African-American and Hispanic women
Authors: Sarkissyan Marianna , Wu Yanyuan , Carlota Marianne , Vadgama Jaydutt V. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Objectives and Background: The presence of comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus type II and hypertension may influence health outcomes from breast cancer. Women from underserved populations, particularly African-American and Hispanic women suffer from a disproportionate burden of comorbidities which may contribute to the health disparities observed in these women. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the distribution and association of comorbidities, specifically diabetes and hypertension, in African-American and Hispanic women and breast cancer. Furthermore, the present study investigated the consequence of comorbidity on survival in underserved women with breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional cohort of 428 African-American and Hispanic women from Los Angeles was assessed to determine the association between comorbidity and breast cancer. Clinical data were obtained by medical record abstraction. The results were assessed using logistic regression with multivariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate disease-free survival. Results: Our study identified a high frequency of comorbidity, especially hypertension and hypertension with diabetes in African-American women (38% and 14%, respectively) and Hispanic women (12% and 9%, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between multiple comorbidity and breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3; P=0.032). Furthermore, multiple comorbidity was significantly associated with obesity, especially in breast cancer patients (P &lt; 0.05). There was also a trend towards significance for the association between multiple comorbidity and decreased five-year disease-free survival. Notably, the presence of comorbidity significantly modulated five-year disease-free survival based on breast cancer tumor subtype (P &lt; 0.05). Implications and Next Steps: In sum, our study highlights a cohort of women who may be at a high risk for health inequalities due to the presence of comorbidity and should be considered for intervention.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5514. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5514
Abstract 5517: Pre-existing medical conditions and risk of breast cancer in Korea: A hospital based case-control study
Authors: Jung Sun Jae , Choi Ji-Yeob , Yoo Keun-Young , Kang Daehee 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Objective: To estimate the effect of highly prevalent medical conditions in Korean population on breast cancer risk in a large case-control study conducted in Korea. Methods: Cases were 3,358 women with incident, histologically confirmed breast cancer in two major hospitals interviewed between 2000 and 2007. Controls were 1820 women admitted to the same hospital and one another hospital for a variety of non-neoplastic conditions. Information of each disease was obtained from standardized questionnaire by trained personnel. Odds ratio(OR) for each disease were derived from multiple logistic regression adjusted for age, hospital, enrollment year, body mass index, age of menarche, age of first pregnancy and family history of breast or other cancer. Results: Among all incident breast cancer patients, pre-existing gastroduodenal diseases and asthma reduced the risk of breast cancer (OR=0.48; 95% confidence interval (C.I.)=0.35-0.67 and OR=0.39; 95% C.I.=0.24-0.64), whereas pre-existing ovarian disease increased the risk(OR=1.63; 95% C.I.=1.12-2.36) when other factors adjusted. Among premenopausal and postmenopausal women, the results of pre-existing gastroduodenal diseases and asthma were similar to those in all cases. But only among postmenopausal women, pre-existing diabetes and hypertension increased the risk of breast cancer significantly (OR=1.66; 95% C.I.=1.01-2.70, OR=1.41; 95% C.I.=1.03-1.92). Conclusion: There had been many studies indicating the association between diabetes and breast cancer development, and our results present the possibility of other disease to effect breast cancer development which can be differed by the menopausal status of women. Also, our study indicates other possible correlation for pre-existing diseases such as asthma, gastroduodenal disease and hypertension with altered breast cancer risk.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5517. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5517
Abstract 5529: Fluorescence-guided navigation surgery for resection of human glioma in an orthotopic model in nude mice
Authors: Momiyama Masashi , Hiroshima Yukihiko , Suetsugu Atsushi , Tome Yasunori , Mii Sumiyuki , Yano Shuya , Bouvet Michael , Chishima Takashi , Endo Itaru , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Malignant glioma tumors are the most common primary central nervous system tumors and they are very difficult to completely resect due to their invasive margins. In this study, we compared fluorescence-guided and standard bright-light resection. U87-RFP human glioma cells (2 x 105) were injected stereotactically into the nude mouse brain through a craniotomy open window. Two weeks after tumor-cell inoculation, brain tumors were resected under fluorescence guidance or under bright light. U87-RFP tumors were clearly visualized under fluorescent microscopy with long working distance at the single cell level. Almost all cancer cells were removed using fluorescence-guided navigation without damage to the brain tissue. However, brain tumors were difficult to visualize under bright light and many residual cancer cells remained in the brain after surgery. These results suggest that fluorescence-guided surgery has significant potential for treatment of brain cancer.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5529. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5529
Abstract 553: High prevalence of human papilloma virus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A preliminary study
Authors: Vaiphei Kim , Kochhar Rakesh , Masih Gladson David , Dutta Usha 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Background:Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers with poor prognosis. ESCC has been associated with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) genotypes 16 and 18. Incidence of HPV infection ranges from 0 to 67% in different parts of the world. Aim: to analyze prevalence of HPV infection in ESCC tumor and adjoining mucosa by HPV genotyping test. Material and method: Fresh tissue samples were obtained from ESCC tumor (group I) and adjoining mucosa (group II). Biopsies were subjected to frozen section for histological characterization. Aliquots of DNA extract was used for the linear array genotyping test. Results: There were 56 patients with paired samples, M:F=9:5. HPV was positive in 42/56 (75%), mean age of positive samples ranged from 41 to 63 years, the mean value in group I was 56.63±6.96 and in group II was 54.31±7.13 years (p&gt;0.05). Majority had more than one genotype. The common genotypes observed were HPV 52, 55, 31, 65 and 16 in carcinoma and adjoin mucosa as well. Smoking showed a significant association with HPV positivity. p63 and p16 oncoproteins correlated with degree of tumor differentiation, not with the viral subtypes or positive status. HPV 6 and 11 were also positive in certain number of cases. Conclusion: we documented high prevalence of high risk HPV infections in tumor and adjoining mucosa in ESCC, supporting the concept of persistent infection by oncogenic HPV in cancer development. HPV 52 was the commonest genotype. It highlights importance of documenting the prevalent viral genotype in a defined geographic area in cancer prevention and treatment. Key words: Human Papilloma Virus genotype; Human Papilloma Virus genotype 52; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 553. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-553
Abstract 5692: Targeted inhibition of cancer stem cells by self-assembled miRNA-nanovectors
Authors: Meng Xiaojie , Marquez Rebecca , Smith Amber , Balcomb Blake , Highfill Chad , Tang Wenhua , Xu Liang 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumorigenic cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation. These cells are highly resistant to chemo/radiation therapy and may be responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cancer initiation and progression by regulating genes responsible for cell proliferation and/or death. The tumor suppressor miRNA miR-34a is directly regulated by p53. miR-34a targets Notch and Bcl-2, both of which are involved in the self-renewal and survival of CSCs. We recently showed that miR-34a potently inhibits tumorsphere growth and tumor-initiation of p53-mutant pancreatic cancer, accompanied by reduction of CSCs and inhibition of Bcl-2/Notch signaling pathways. However, like other gene therapeutics, tumor-targeted delivery of miRNA, especially targeting to CSCs, remains a great challenge. We have established a self-assembled nanovector system that shows promising tumor specificity and efficiency for tumor-targeted gene/siRNA delivery (US Patent No. 6,749,863 and 7,479,276 with modification). The nanovectors show promising specificity and efficacy for systemic p53 tumor suppressor gene therapy in human cancer models. The first-in-human Phase I clinical trial of nano-p53 (NCT00470613, ClinicalTrails.gov) by Chang EH group shows a promising safety profile, efficient therapeutic gene expression in tumors and early tumor response. We have modified this nanotechnology and established a nanovector delivery system to deliver miR-34a, which resulted in a high transfection efficiency and significant Bcl-2/Notch downregulation in pancreatic, breast and prostate cancer cell lines, accompanied with reduced tumorsphere growth in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. More importantly, systemic injection of nano-miR-34a can delivermiR-34a to the established pancreatic, breast and prostate cancer xenograft tumors and reduce Bcl-2/Notch expression in these tumors. CSC population was also reduced in the treated tumors. Our studies demonstrate that our nano-miR-34a may provide a novel and effective molecular therapy for human cancers with high Bcl-2 and p53 loss of function, potentially by modulating cancer stem cells. Molecularly targeted miRNA therapy delivered by nanovectors could be a powerful tool to correct the cancer stem cell dysregulation. Supported in part by NIH grant CA121830(S1).
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5692. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5692
Abstract 5701: Targeting KRAS lung cancer in vivo by pulmonary surfactant-mediated gene transfer
Authors: Fukazawa Takuya , Maeda Yutaka , Matsuoka Junji , Ono Toshiro , Mominoki Katsumi , Yamatsuji Tomoki , Takaoka Munenori , Morita Ichiro , Murakami Ichiro , Tanaka Hirotoshi , Durbin Mary L. , Naomoto Yoshio 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant has been used as a carrier to deliver a therapeutic virus to dysfunctional lung cells that reside within an intricate lung structure. To investigate whether pulmonary surfactant enhances the efficacy of intratracheal instillation of a therapeutic virus to target KRAS lung cancer in vivo, we developed a recombinant adenovirus that induces cell death only in lung cancer cells and injected the adenovirus into a KRAS lung cancer model mouse intratracheally with or without surfactant. A therapeutic adenovirus that induces cell death only in lung cancer cells was constructed by combining a cancer specific hTERT promoter fused to CEBPα with a modified lung specific CC10 promoter fused to cytotoxic E1A. CEBPα is induced only in cancer cells and activates the CC10 promoter, which in turn induces cytotoxic E1A, and causes cell death only in lung cancer cells in vitro. This adenovirus was intratracheally injected into the KRAS lung cancer model mice (CCSP-rtTA/Tet-op-K-Ras4bG12D bitransgenic mice) in the presence/absence of pulmonary surfactant. Intratracheally-injected therapeutic adenovirus with pulmonary surfactant spread to airways as well as to the alveolar region of the lung and caused reduction of lung tumors developed in the KRAS lung cancer model mouse. The therapeutic adenovirus without pulmonary surfactant spread only to airways and had ten times less effectiveness in tumor reduction. Here, we demonstrate that pulmonary surfactant is an efficient tool to intratracheally deliver a therapeutic virus to treat KRAS lung cancer in vivo.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5701. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5701
Abstract 5704: Curcumin-folate conjugate for increased bioavailability and targeted delivery of curcumin to cancer cells
Authors: Das Bhudev C. , Tyagi Abhishek , Kumar Rakesh , Bharti Alok C. , Singh Ramendra K. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Specific types of high risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types, particularly the HPV type 16 and HPV 18 are known to cause cervical cancer. The expression of two viral oncogenes E6 and E7 responsible for tumorigenic transformation, is mainly dependent on specific host-cell transcription factor, Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) which acts as a signaling epicenter for cervical cancer. Although recently two prophylactic HPV vaccines have been developed, there is no therapeutic molecule available for the treatment of cervical lesions. We demonstrate that Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane), a yellow pigment, used in traditional medicines and present in the dietary spice turmeric (Curcuma longa), can selectively down regulate HPV 18 transcription as well as AP-1 binding activity. Curcumin can also reverse the expression dynamics of c-fos and fra-1 in tumorigenic HeLa cells by mimicking their expression pattern in normal cells. But the bioavailability of curcumin is extremely poor due to its hydrophobicity, rapid metabolism and lack of specificity in targeting cancer cells. Therefore, a folic acid-curcumin conjugate for mutation has been developed by attaching one molecule of curcumin with two molecules of folic acid (Cur-2FA) to make curcumin hydrophilic, enhance its bioavailability and to target only cancer cells which specifically express high level of folate receptors. The effect of both native curcumin and Cur-2FA on HPV and AP-1 has been analyzed in HPV positive cervical cancer and HPV negative breast cancer cell lines, by band shift assay, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and western blotting including their cytotoxic potential and targeted cellular uptake of curcumin. In comparison to native curcumin, curcumin-2FA has been found to be atleast two times more effective in inducing down regulation of HPV transcription, AP-1 activity and expression of its components particularly c-fos and fra-1. Curcumin-2FA was found to be more potent than curcumin in inducing apoptosis, inhibits tumor cell proliferation and Cur-2FA conjugate was specifically taken up by cancer cells. In mice, curcumin-2FA was more bioavailable and had a longer half-life than curcumin. We demonstrate that this nontoxic low molecular weight curcumin-2Folic acid conjugate formulation specifically targets cancer cells which overexpress high affinity folate receptor and enhanced cellular uptake facilitating increased bioavailability and targeted delivery to cancer cells.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5704. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5704
Abstract 5706: Engineering of trans kingdom RNAi (tkRNAi) against gastrointestinal polyps
Authors: Vaze Moreshwar B. , Wu Tong , Seth Shaguna , Templin Mike , Polisky Barry 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Trans Kingdom RNAi (tkRNAi) is a technology where nonpathogenic bacteria synthesize and deliver shRNA. CEQ508 is our orally delivered tkRNAi clinical candidate for delivery to intestinal polyp cells in patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. CEQ508 is an E. coli that has Δrnc and ΔdapA mutations engineered in its genome, harboring a plasmid called pMBV43 encoding invasin, listeriolysin O (LLO) and a shRNA expression cassette. It is the concerted expression of these elements that provides the specificity and high activity of the tkRNAi platform. The shRNA in CEQ508 targets β-catenin in cancerous polyp cells. CEQ508 expresses Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin enabling β1-integrin-dependent cellular internalization. Bacterial death due to phagosome action is enhanced by the cell-wall weakening ΔdapA attenuation. LLO expression provides for efficient intracellular release to the cytoplasm by lysis of the phagosome. The shRNA expression cassette allows for precise initiation and termination of the shRNA transcript, and Δrnc removes the only dsRNA-specific RNase (RNase III) from the E. coli genome, leading to significant accumulation of the expressed shRNA. Following Dicer processing and incorporation into RISC, cleavage of β-catenin mRNA induces death of the targeted cancerous cells. Thus, the tkRNAi approach allows effective local delivery of shRNA to mediate RNA interference. Since the “external” body surfaces such as GI tract, GU tract, upper respiratory tract and skin are colonized with bacterial species, this approach can be extended to other indications by the combination of genetic engineering of a carrier bacteria, expression of cell-specific targeting entities, and expression of one or more shRNA sequences against disease-relevant targets.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5706. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5706