bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Secondary Crowns Reduces Crown Rot Severity in Alfalfa Cultivars
Authors: Gossen Bruce D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCrown rot occurs wherever alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is grown, but the disease reaction of cultivars has rarely been examined. Differences in crown rot reaction among cultivars were followed for up to 9 yr in two studies. In one study, crown rot severity in nine alfalfa cultivars was assessed at Saskatoon (1985–1993) and at Outlook (irrigated test; 1986–1991) in Saskatchewan, Canada. From 1986 to 1991, there were no consistent differences in severity among cultivars. Crown rot symptoms were severe in almost every plant of every cultivar by 1991, so the trial at Outlook was discontinued. When the trial at Saskatoon was sampled in 1993, cultivars with more of a subsp. falcata background had less crown rot than those with subsp. sativa parentage. The primary crowns of most plants had been consumed with rot, but secondary crowns had formed in many plants. As a result, crown rot severity (rated mainly on secondary crowns) had declined substantially. To determine if these observations were consistent between trials, a second trial at Saskatoon (seeded 1985) was sampled in 1994. The same pattern was observed; crown rot severity was substantially lower 9 yr after establishment than at 5 yr, and the reduction was associated with development of secondary crowns. Forage yields in this mature stand were higher than early in the life of the stand, indicating that moderate levels of crown rot do not affect yield. Differences in disease reaction among cultivars were small, but may affect the development of secondary crowns, which allows alfalfa plants to compensate for progressive injury to the primary crown.
Bromide as a Tracer for Nitrate‐N Uptake in Alfalfa Herbage
Authors: Magarian Diana M. , Russelle Michael P. , Lamb JoAnn F. S. , Blumenthal Jürg M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe 15N isotope is a reliable way to measure nitrate‐N (NO‐3‐N) uptake in N2‐fixing legumes, but is too expensive for plant breeding programs. Our goal is to develop an affordable method of selecting alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) for NO‐3‐N uptake under field conditions. In this research, we tested whether the anion bromide (Br‐), which is used to trace NO‐3‐N movement in soils and is inexpensive to analyze, reflects NO‐3‐N uptake in alfalfa. ‘Webfoot’ (1994 and 1995), ‘Agate’ (1995), and ‘Ineffective Agate’ (1995) alfalfa were established in pots in the greenhouse. After removing herbage, daily additions of solutions containing Br‐ and 15N‐labeled NO‐3‐N were made to the pots. Uptake of Br‐ and N derived from NO‐3‐N was determined in herbage regrowth sampled after 15, 25, and 35 d and the molar ratio of NO‐3‐N‐derived N:Br‐ was calculated. In both years, when a constant molar ratio in solution was provided at variable tracer concentrations, NO‐3‐N uptake and Br‐ uptake both increased with increasing applied tracer concentration, but ratios in herbage were not constant for treatment, germplasm, or days of regrowth. These results imply that selection must be carried out under well‐controlled tracer supply and crop management. At a constant NO‐3‐N concentration, but increasing solution Br‐ concentration, NO‐3‐N uptake remained constant and Br‐ uptake increased. Molar ratios of NO‐3‐N‐derived N:Br‐ in herbage directly reflected applied solution ratios in a soil‐sand mixture (1994), but were less responsive in sand (1995) above molar ratios of 100:1 in solution. Individual plant analysis showed close agreement in Br‐ and NO‐3‐N uptake among plants in all germplasms across a wide range of tracer supply, and indicated that selection for NO‐3‐N uptake using Br‐ uptake would result in minimal error. We conclude that Br‐ is a promising alternative tracer for use in selecting alfalfa for NO‐3‐N uptake.
Forage Growth and Yield Components as Influenced by Subsurface Compaction
Authors: Mapfumo E. , Chanasyk David S. , Naeth M. Anne , Baron Vern S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSubsurface soil compaction is a global problem that causes reduced plant growth and yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate responses of various growth and yield components of smooth bromegrass (Bromis inermis L. cv. Magna) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Rambler) to subsurface compaction of sandy loam and clay loam soils. Regression analysis indicated that all growth variables measured (shoot biomass, root biomass, number of alfalfa branches, number of smooth bromegrass tillers per plant, and leaf blade or leaflet width and length) had a negative relationship with soil bulk density in a linear nature. However, these growth responses varied in their sensitivity to subsurface compaction. For alfalfa, the most sensitive variable was the number of tertiary branches; for smooth bromegrass, shoot biomass was most sensitive. Leaf blade or leaflet length was the least sensitive variable to subsurface compaction. The study is unique in that it provides response curves for various plant growth responses, an assessment of the sensitivity of these parameters to subsurface compaction, and a data base for modeling these relationships. This study also provides plant‐based indicators that should be related to soil‐based indicators of compaction problems such as bulk density and soil strength, which are often used to determine the extent of compaction.
The Effect of Chloride and Lime on the Manganese Uptake by Bush Beans and Sweet Corn
Authors: Jackson T. L. , Westermann D. T. , Moore D. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of chloride and lime on the uptake of Manganese by bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa) was investigated under field and greenhouse conditions. Lime and Cl treatments were applied in factorial combinations in both field and greenhouse experimens. Lime was applied at rates up to 3 tons/acre with Cl applied at rates up to 90 lb/acre. All treatments received blanket applications of N, P, and S.The Mn content in the trifoliate bean leaves was high enough to explain the toxicity symptoms observed. At the zero lime rate all applications of chloride resulted in Mn levels > 1,000 ppm. Increasing levels of Cl increased the level of Mn in all cases. The level of Mn at the zero Cl treatment and with added lime was below suggested toxic levels. The application of lime always reduced the Mn content.The application of KCl increased the Mn content of the sweet corn plants, whereas the application of K2SO4 or K2CO3 had no effect on the Mn content.
Comparison and Evaluation of Methods of Determining Fixed Ammonium in Soils
Authors: Bremner J. M. , Nelson D. W. , Silva J. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA comparison of methods proposed for determination of fixed ammonium in soils showed that they gave widely divergent results, the highest results being obtained by the method of Rodrigues and the lowest by the method of Mogilevkina. Studies to evaluate these methods revealed defects in all methods investigated except the KOBr‐HF method of Silva and Bremner, the main defects being that pretreatments used to eliminate interference by organic nitrogen compounds are inefficient or lead to gain or loss of fixed ammonium and that procedures used to release and estimate fixed ammonium are not quantitative or lead to formation of ammonium from organic nitrogen compounds. Possible defects of the KOBr‐HF method are discussed.
A Kinetic Method for Determining Desorption Isotherms of Water on Clays
Authors: Odom J. W. , Low P. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA method of using Knudsen cells to measure the vapor pressure of water in clay‐water gels is described. The vapor pressures obtained at each mass ratio of water to clay using Knudsen cells are similar to those obtained by equilibration with saturated salt solutions and may be used in the same way.
Fertilization Effects on Physically Protected Light Fraction Organic Matter
Authors: Gregorich E. G. , Liang B. C. , Drury C. F. , Ellert B. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAggregation influences the decomposition of soil organic matter by limiting the accessibility of C substrate to microbes and fauna. We evaluated whether the turnover of light fraction organic matter (LF‐OM) in arable systems was affected by its location in the soil matrix and whether long‐term fertilization affected LF‐OM turnover. Organic C and natural 13C abundance were measured on the free and physically protected LF‐OM of soils that had been under continuous corn (Zea mays L.) for 32 yr. Fertilized corn soils had >2.5 times as much free LF‐OM material as their nonfertilized counterparts; most of this LF‐OM was derived from corn (a C4 plant). In contrast, most of the physically protected LF‐OM was derived from C3 vegetation, indicating that it had been incorporated into aggregates before the start of the experiment. Assuming that organic matter turnover follows first order kinetics, the estimated half‐life of C3‐C in the physically protected LF‐OM was twofold longer than that in the free LF‐OM. These data indicated that fertilization did not affect the turnover of either the free or the physically protected LF‐OM; however, the location of organic matter in soil aggregates was a key factor in its susceptibility to decomposition.
“Piano‐Stool” Complexes of Ruthenium(II) Designed with Arenes and N‐[2‐(Arylchalcogeno)ethyl]morpholines: Highly Active Catalysts for the Oxidation of Alcohols with N‐Methylmorpholine N‐Oxide, tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide and Sodium Periodate and Oxychloride
Authors: Singh Pradhumn , Singh Ajai K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe reactions of [{(η6‐C6H6)RuCl(μ‐Cl)}2] and [{(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl(μ‐Cl)}2] with N‐[2‐(arylchalcogeno)ethyl]morpholines (L) (aryl = Ph/2‐pyridyl for S, Ph for Se, 4‐MeOC6H4 for Te) and NH4PF6 result in “piano‐stool” complexes of RuII of composition [RuCl(η6‐C6H6)(L)][PF6]/[RuCl(η6‐p‐cymene)(L)][PF6], which give characteristic 1H, 13C{1H}, 77Se{1H}, and 125Te{1H} NMR spectra. Some of them have also been characterized by X‐ray crystallography [Ru–S, Ru–Se, and Ru–Te bond lengths: 2.3815(12)/2.3742(14), 2.4837(14), and 2.6143(7) Å, respectively]. The cyclic voltammograms show that all the complexes undergo irreversible oxidation (E${1 \over 2}$ = 0.290–0.586 V). All the ruthenium complexes have been explored for their catalytic activity in the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols with N‐methylmorpholine N‐oxide (NMO), tBuOOH, NaOCl, and NaIO4 (TON values upto 9.8 × 104). The efficiency of the catalytic oxidation reaction decreases in the order Te > Se > S. The intermediate species involved in the oxidation reactions appear to incorporate the RuIV=O group.
Notch as a molecular switch in neural stem cells
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐Dong , Kumari Udhaya , Xiao Zhi‐Cheng , Tan Eng‐King 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNotch as a Molecular Switch in Neural Stem Cells by Zhi‐Dong Zhou, Udhaya Kumari, Zhi‐Cheng Xiao, and Eng‐King Tan, pp. 618‐623.
Genetic evidence for an association of the TOR1A locus with segmental/focal dystonia
Authors: Sharma Nutan , Franco Ramon A. , Kuster John K. , Mitchell Adele A. , Fuchs Tania , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel , Raymond Deborah , Brin Mitchell F. , Blitzer Andrew , Bressman Susan B. , Ozelius Laurie J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolymorphisms in the TOR1A/TOR1B region have been implicated as being associated with primary focal and segmental dystonia. In a cohort of subjects with either focal or segmental dystonia affecting the face, larynx, neck, or arm, we report a strong association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), the deletion allele at the Mtdel SNP (rs3842225), and protection from focal dystonia. In contrast, we did not find an association of either allele at the D216H SNP (rs1801968) with focal or segmental dystonia in the same cohort. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
High‐throughput quantification of selenium in individual serum proteins from a healthy human population using HPLC on‐line with isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma‐MS
Authors: Letsiou Sophia , Lu Ying , Nomikos Tzortzis , Antonopoulou Smaragdi , Panagiotakos Demosthenes , Pitsavos Christos , Stefanadis Christodoulos , Pergantis Spiros A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, a method, based on dual column affinity chromatography hyphenated to isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma–quadrupole MS, was developed for selenium determination in selenoprotein P, glutathione peroxidase, and selenoalbumin in human serum samples from a group of healthy volunteers (n=399). Method improvement was achieved using methanol‐enhanced isotope dilution which resulted in improved sensitivity and removal of isobaric interferences. Although no human serum reference materials are currently certified for their selenium species levels, method development was conducted using human serum reference material BCR 637 and 639 as their Se species content has been reported in the previous studies, and thus comparisons were possible. The mean selenium concentrations determined for the 399 healthy volunteer serum samples were 23±10 ng Se mL−1 for glutathione peroxidase, 49±15 ng Se mL−1 for selenoprotein P and 11±4 ng Se mL−1 for selenoalbumin. These values are found to be in close agreement with published values for a limited number of healthy volunteer samples, and to establish baseline Se levels in serum proteins for an apparently healthy group of individuals, thus allowing for subsequent comparisons with respective values determined for groups of individuals with selenium related health issues, as well as assist in the discovery of potential selenium biomarkers. Also, the relationship between Se serum protein levels and some anthropometric characteristics of the volunteer population were investigated. Additionally, further development of the analytical method used in this study was achieved by adding a size exclusion chromatography column after the two affinity columns via a switching valve. This allowed for the separation of small selenium‐containing molecules from glutathione peroxidase and thus enhanced the overall confidence in its identification.
Child custody issues and co‐occurrence of intimate partner violence and child maltreatment: controversies and points of agreement amongst practitioners
Authors: Lessard Geneviève , Flynn Catherine , Turcotte Pierre , Damant Dominique , Vézina Jean‐François , Godin Marie‐France , Paradis France , Delisle Rhea , Alcedo Yennelys , Juneau Lorraine , Rock Linda , Rondeau‐Cantin Simon 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe situation of families undergoing separation in a context of co‐occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment raises certain issues related to child custody. The results presented in this paper were collected and analysed within the framework of a qualitative study aiming to identify the principal points of agreement and the main controversies amongst practitioners in several different types of organizations. Focus groups were held with a total of 43 practitioners from six different settings concerned with child custody in cases of co‐occurrence of IPV and child maltreatment. Although they agreed on the importance of ensuring the safety of victims of violence, their views diverged on three points: (1) the importance of preserving the father–child relationship; (2) collaboration between voluntary organizations and semi‐voluntary or legal agencies; and (3) consideration of cultural differences.
Maternally transferred anti‐factor VIII IgG reduce the anti‐factor VIII humoral immune response in factor VIII‐deficient mice
Authors: Meslier Yann , André Sébastien , Teyssandier Maud , Kaveri Srinivas V. , Lacroix‐Desmazes Sébastien 
Published: July 2010

SummaryReplacement therapy with exogenous factor VIII (FVIII) to treat haemorrhages or used in prophylaxis induces inhibitory anti‐FVIII immunoglobulin G (IgG) in some patients with haemophilia A. Therapeutic strategies to prevent the onset of the deleterious anti‐FVIII immune response are still lacking. Maternal IgG is transferred to the offspring during fetal and neonatal life. While protecting the offspring from bacterial and viral infections, maternal IgG may alter the repertoires of T and B lymphocytes, and may impair vaccination in early infancy. Using haemophilic mice, we demonstrate that the transfer of maternal anti‐FVIII IgG modulates the onset of anti‐FVIII inhibitory IgG in early adulthood. The protective effect is reproduced upon reconstitution of naive mice with anti‐FVIII IgG, suggesting that the reduced ability to mount an anti‐FVIII immune response is the result of an interference between circulating anti‐FVIII IgG and the administered FVIII rather than to a profound remodelling of lymphocyte repertoires occurring during the ontogeny of the immune system.
The implementation of venous leg ulcer guidelines: process analysis of the intervention used in a multi‐centre, pragmatic, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Marshall J. L. , Mead P. , Jones K. , Kaba E. , Roberts A. P. 
Published: July 2010

• The production and implementation of clinical practice guidelines is currently a high political priority and a rapidly developing field within healthcare in the United Kingdom (UK). Their purpose is to provide clinicians with a synthesis of the best available external evidence and operationalize the implementation of evidence‐based practice.• Despite indications that clinical guidelines can make a difference to the quality of patient care, there is some evidence that practitioners struggle with their application.• The aim of this paper is to report one element of a trial undertaken by three collaborating universities in the Northern and Yorkshire Region of the UK health service during 1997–1998.• The objective was to understand what makes guidelines acceptable and usable, or otherwise, to health professionals.• The findings reported in this paper describe the process of care in those general practices that elected to implement guidelines for the management of patients with venous leg ulcers.• We conclude that planning for training, resource and quality improvement processes must be built into a team’s guidelines implementation procedures.• A preliminary needs analysis of the contextual ‘hurdles and levers’ within each primary healthcare team is also necessary to identify individual issues that must be addressed if the process is to succeed.• These findings provide some lessons for successful implementation of clinical guidelines in general. Recommendations for nursing policy makers, managers, practitioners and researchers are included.
A statistician Plays Darts
Authors: Tibshirani Ryan J. , Price Andrew , Taylor Jonathan 
Published: July 2010

SummaryDarts is enjoyed both as a pub game and as a professional competitive activity. Yet most players aim for the highest scoring region of the board, regardless of their level of skill. By modelling a dart throw as a two-dimensional Gaussian random variable, we show that this is not always the optimal strategy. We develop a method, using the EM algorithm, for a player to obtain a personalized heat map, where the bright regions correspond to the aiming locations with high (expected) pay-offs. This method does not depend in any way on our Gaussian assumption, and we discuss alternative models as well.
Predictive value of the 1‐min Apgar score for survival at 23–26 weeks gestational age
Authors: Genzel‐Boroviczény O , Hempelman J , Zoppelli L , Martinez A 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim:  Is a 1‐min Apgar score ≤1 predictive of mortality in resuscitated extremely premature infants?Methods:  A retrospective case–control review of all infants with gestational ages <27 weeks over a 5‐year period. All values as median [75% CI].Results:  Of 237 infants, 29 had 1‐min Apgar scores ≤1 (Group 1) and 208 had scores >1 (Group 2). Despite earlier and more frequent intubation (2 min [2.3; 6.7] vs. 5 min [7.5; 10] and 93% vs. 77%, p = 0.04), mortality was higher in Group 1 (62% vs. 17%; p < 0.0001). Age at death did not differ (Group 1: 3.5 days [1; 30] vs. Group 2: 6 days [6; 44]). Birth weight and sex were the best predictors of survival. With a 1‐min Apgar score of 1, a male infant at 23 weeks and 500 g had a mortality rate of 92%.Conclusion:  Despite successful resuscitation, infants between 23 and 26 weeks have a very poor prognosis for survival when presenting with bradycardia, cyanosis and no respiratory efforts (1‐min Apgar = 1) at birth. According to our data, initiating active treatment for an infant at 23 weeks with bradycardia and apnoea is almost always unsuccessful, whereas by 26 weeks gestation, the chance of survival is higher than the probability of death.
A case of insufficient evidence equipoise: the NICE guidance on antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of infective endocarditis: Table 1
Authors: Mohindra R K 
Published: July 2010

This paper argues that the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence should not offer guidance in situations where there is insufficient evidence equipoise about the potential benefit of the treatment in question. This is broadly for two reasons. First, without knowing if the treatment is effective no cost-effectiveness judgement can be logically made. Second, the implementation of a population wide change in treatment where there is equipoise amounts to a de facto clinical trial that falls outside the Clinical Trials Regulations. As such there are strong ethical and possibly legal grounds for preventing such an outcome.Guidance based upon insufficient evidence equipoise also impacts upon the clinical discretion possessed by individual medical professionals.
Immune Competency of a Hairless Mouse Strain for Improved Preclinical Studies in Genetically Engineered Mice
Authors: Schaffer Beverly S. , Grayson Marcia H. , Wortham Joy M. , Kubicek Courtney B. , McCleish Amanda T. , Prajapati Suresh I. , Nelon Laura D. , Brady Michelle M. , Jung Inkyung , Hosoyama Tohru , Sarro Leslea M. , Hanes Martha A. , Rubin Brian P. , Michalek Joel E. , Clifford Charles B. , Infante Anthony J. , Keller Charles 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) of cancer are of increasing value to preclinical therapeutics. Optical imaging is a cost-effective method of assessing deep-seated tumor growth in GEMMs whose tumors can be encoded to express luminescent or fluorescent reporters, although reporter signal attenuation would be improved if animals were fur-free. In this study, we sought to determine whether hereditable furlessness resulting from a hypomorphic mutation in the Hairless gene would or would not also affect immune competence. By assessing humoral and cellular immunity of the SKH1 mouse line bearing the hypomorphic Hairless mutation, we determined that blood counts, immunoglobulin levels, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were comparable between SKH1 and the C57Bl/6 strain. On examination of T-cell subsets, statistically significant differences in naïve T cells (1.7 versus 3.4 × 105 cells/spleen in SKH1 versus C57Bl/6, P = 0.008) and memory T cells (1.4 versus 0.13 × 106 cells/spleen in SKH1 versus C57Bl/6, P = 0.008) were detected. However, the numerical differences did not result in altered T-cell functional response to antigen rechallenge (keyhole limpet hemocyanin) in a lymph node cell in vitro proliferative assay. Furthermore, interbreeding the SKH1 mouse line to a rhabdomyosarcoma GEMM showed preserved antitumor responses of CD56+ natural killer cells and CD163+ macrophages, without any differences in tumor pathology. The fur-free GEMM was also especially amenable to multiplex optical imaging. Thus, SKH1 represents an immune competent, fur-free mouse strain that may be of use for interbreeding to other genetically engineered mouse models of cancer for improved preclinical studies. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(8); 2354–64. ©2010 AACR.