bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling results for two late Be stars observed by CoRoT
Authors: Lovekin C. , Neiner C. , Saio H. , Mathis S. , Gutiérrez‐Soto J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Be stars HD 181231 (B5IVe) and HD 175869 (B8IIIe) have recently been observed using the CoRoT satellite for ∼5 months and ∼27 days respectively. This continuous, space‐based observation has allowed for the detection of many low amplitude modes in these stars. In the case of HD181231, the combination of the CoRoT data and ground‐based spectroscopic follow‐up data have placed tight constraints on the fundamental and pulsational properties of the star, allowing for detailed seismic modelling. For HD 175869, the variability has been proposed to be the result of inhomogeneities produced by stellar activity, located in or just above the photosphere. However, the CoRoT data does not exclude non‐radial pulsations as the origin of the variability. Through seismic modelling, we hope to clarify the origins of the variability. We compare observed frequencies to those calculated using a 2D stellar evolution and a 2D linear adiabatic pulsation code. We match the observed frequencies to a grid of 2D models in order to constrain the mass, age, rotation velocity and amount of convective core overshoot. We also compare our results to frequencies calculated using a 1D non‐adiabatic pulsation code. Using a combination of frequencies, we have been able to constrain the rotation and extra mixing for stars of a known mass and age. Here we determine the best fitting mass, age, rotation velocity and amount of extra mixing for these Be stars (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Agronomic aspects of future energy crops in Europe
Authors: Zegada‐Lizarazu Walter , Elbersen H. Wolter , Cosentino Salvatore L. , Zatta Alessandro , Alexopoulou Efi , Monti Andrea 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe recent policies enacted by the EU foresee an increased interest in the cultivation of energy crops. Hence systematized information on new energy crops and cropping strategies is necessary to optimize their production quantitatively and qualitatively and to integrate them into traditional production systems. This kind of information will offer farmers new perspectives and options to diversify their farming activities. Some of these crops, however, may compete for land and resources with existing food crops, while others could be grown in marginal/degraded lands with consequent beneficial effects on the environment. Therefore choosing the appropriate management components and species should be site specific and oriented to minimize inputs and maximize yields. In some cases, traditional food crops are used as dedicated energy crops with the advantage that their management practices are well known. On the other hand, the management of new dedicated energy crops, such as perennial herbaceous crops, often demands a range of structural features and tactical management approaches that are different to those commonly used for traditional food crops. Most of these crops are largely undomesticated and are at their early stages of development and improvement. In this work, state‐of‐the‐art research and development of agronomic management and the production of a wide range of multipurpose future energy crop species are reviewed and where possible examples of appropriate crop management practices that would enhance energy yields are provided. Interesting lines of investigation are also suggested. © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Environmental impact assessment of energy crops cultivation in Europe
Authors: Fernando Ana L , Duarte Maria P , Almeida Joana , Boléo Sara , Mendes Benilde 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe production of energy crops must be studied and evaluated in terms of environmental impact, in order to integrate them into a sustainable agricultural development. As bioenergy carriers they offer ecological advantages over fossil fuels by contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases and acidifying emissions. However, there could be ecological shortcomings related to the intensity of agricultural production. There is a risk of polluting water and air, losing soil quality, enhancing erosion, and reducing biodiversity. In the scope of the project Future Crops for Food, Feed, Fiber and Fuel (4F Crops), supported by the European Union, an environmental impact assessment study was developed and applied to the production of potential energy crops in Europe. The following variables were selected as categories: use of water and mineral resources, soil quality and erosion, emission of minerals and pesticides to soil and water, waste generation and utilization, landscape, and biodiversity. In addition, a normalization and weighting procedure was applied, which attempts to aggregate environmental impacts. Results suggest that growing energy crops does not inflict higher impact on the environment compared to potato and wheat farming (regarding the studied categories). Although the different indicators did not yield a common pattern, overall results suggest that woody and lignocellulosic crops have an advantage over annual crop systems, namely regarding erodibility and biodiversity. Some crop management options, such as pesticides and fertilizers inputs, can influence the outcomes. However, site‐specific factors should be accurately assessed to evaluate the adequacy between crop and location. Environmental hotspots in the systems are detected and options for improvement are presented. © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Overview of the markets for energy crops in EU27
Authors: Christou Myrsini , Alexopoulou Efthinia , Panoutsou Calliope , Monti Andrea 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAgriculture and forestry provide a wide number of crops that are used for a range of non‐food products, such as fuels, chemicals, fibers, construction materials, lubricants, etc. The term ‘energy crops’ is commonly used to indicate plants grown to make energy, such as biopower, bioheat and biofuels. Nonetheless, the development and commercialization of energy crops can initiate new and expand current markets for agricultural feedstocks, reduce dependence on petroleum and other imports of critical materials, diversify agriculture, and strengthen rural and sustainable development. As demand is growing steadily both from policy and from industry (which seeks environmentally friendly feedstocks) tensions have already risen among sectors about securing their future supplies. Among the key drivers that promote the development of one or other market, in the short and long term, the following can be considered as the most important: regular energy crops' feedstock supply and consistency in terms of quantity and quality, sustainable growth and environmental impacts, market demands and state of development, price competitiveness, and technological scale‐up. Taking these issues into account, this perspective is a concise review of the state of the energy markets in the EU27 in the light of policy demand, economic and environmentally sustainable options, and the optimum choices of energy crops from 2010 to 2030. © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Assessing European biodiesel markets and capacities
Authors: Covrig Claudiu , Bosch‐Gual Laia 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBiodiesel markets experienced fast growth in recent years and are forecast to expand further. In Europe, the regional and national mandates and targets inspired producers to extend their capacities, betting on a bright future for biodiesel. However, even considering consumption growth rates of 10% for this year, a considerable share of European production capacity would be idle and local demand would still be fulfilled in part by imports coming mainly from South America. Dr Claudiu Covrig together with Laia Bosch‐Gual at Kingsman look at the main EU biodiesel players and ask when will sustainability be more valuable than price competitiveness? © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
On the theoretical precision and strategy selection problem of a single‐strategy approach: A comment on Glöckner, Betsch, and Schindler (2010)
Authors: Marewski Julian N. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAccording to the fast and frugal heuristics (FFH) program, humans make decisions by selecting from a repertoire of strategies. Glöckner, Betsch, and Schindler criticize such multi‐strategy frameworks for not explaining how people select between the different strategies. As an alternative, they propose a parallel constraint satisfaction (PCS) model that assumes a single strategy for all tasks. However, contrary to Glöckner et al.'s assertions, the FFH and other multi‐strategy frameworks have developed a number of approaches to strategy selection, tackling a difficult modeling problem that the PCS model disguises but cannot solve itself. Moreover, in contrast to the PCS model, which has not been completely spelled out, the repertoire of strategies assumed by the FFH framework is precisely defined, enabling researchers to make quantitative predictions about behavior. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional outcomes after extended surgery for gastric cancer
Authors:   Japan Clinical Oncology Group, Kurokawa Y , Sasako M , Sano T , Shibata T , Ito S , Nashimoto A , Kurita A , Kinoshita T 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundExtended gastrectomy with para-aortic nodal dissection (PAND) or thorough dissection of mediastinal nodes using a left thoracoabdominal (LTA) approach is an alternative to D2 lymphadenectomy, with variable postoperative results.MethodsTwo randomized controlled trials have been conducted to compare D2 lymphadenectomy alone (263 patients) versus D2 lymphadenectomy plus PAND (260), and the abdominal–transhiatal (TH) approach (82) versus the LTA approach (85), in patients with gastric cancer. Prospectively registered secondary endpoints bodyweight, symptom scores and respiratory function were evaluated in the present study.ResultsBodyweight was comparable after D2 and D2 plus PAND, but higher after TH than after LTA procedures at 1 and 3 years. At 1- and 3-year follow-up symptom scores were comparable between D2 and D2 plus PAND. A LTA approach resulted in significantly worse scores than a TH approach in terms of meal volume, return to work, incisional pain and dyspnoea up to 1 year. The decrease in vital capacity was significantly greater after LTA than TH procedures up to 6 months.ConclusionBodyweight and postoperative symptoms were not affected by adding PAND to a D2 procedure. A LTA approach aggravated weight loss, symptoms and respiratory functions compared with a TH approach. Registration numbers: NCT00149279, NCT00149266 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Characterization of stem cells in Dupuytren's disease
Authors: Hindocha S , Iqbal S A , Farhatullah S , Paus R , Bayat A 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Dupuytren's disease (DD) is a common fibroproliferative disease of unknown origin. The source of abnormal cells leading to DD formation remains underexplored. In addition to fascia, palmar skin and fat-derived cells may be a potential source of cells causing DD. This study aimed to profile haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells in different DD tissue components compared with tissue removed at carpal tunnel surgery (control).

Methods
Biopsies were taken from the diseased cord, nodule, perinodular fat and skin overlying the nodule of ten patients with DD and compared with control tissue from seven patients having surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) were used to identify expression of selected stem cell markers.

Results
FACS and QRT-PCR analysis identified the highest RNA expression and number of cells positive for adipocyte stem cell markers (CD13 and CD29) in the DD nodule in comparison with carpal tunnel control tissue (P = 0·053). CD34 RNA was overexpressed, and a higher percentage of these cells was present in DD skin compared with carpal tunnel skin (P = 0·001).

Conclusion
Each structural component of DD (cord, nodule, perinodular fat and skin) had distinct stem cell populations. These findings support the hypothesis that DD may result from mesenchymal progenitor cell expansion.
Synthesis of Chiral Cyclic Nitrones by Asymmetric Addition of β‐Ketosulfones to Nitroalkenes followed by Reductive Cyclization
Authors: García Mancheño Olga , Tangen Pia , Rohlmann Renate , Fröhlich Roland , Alemán José 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe first organocatalytic addition of β‐ketosulfones to nitroalkenes catalyzed by thiourea cinchona alkaloids is presented. The readily obtained addition products were selectively transformed into chiral nitrones by reduction of the nitro group and in situ cyclization (up to 99:1 e.r. and >98:2 d.r.). Moreover, the utility of this method has additionally been demonstrated by the further transformation to functionalized N‐hydroxypyrrolidines that possess a quaternary center by addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) to the CN bond of the cyclic nitrones in the presence of a Lewis acid.
DFT Calculation on polychlorinated phenarsazines: Their gas phase thermodynamic functions and the implications of Cl substituted position
Authors: Shi Jia Q. , Liu Hong X. , Xu Ying , Liu Hui , Flamm Alison , Wang Zun Y. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe thermodynamic properties of 136 polychlorinated phenarsazines (PCPAZs) have been calculated by density functional theory at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level. Then, isodesmic reactions are designed to calculate ΔfH° and ΔfG° of PCPAZs. The relations of these thermodynamic parameters with the number and position of Cl atom substitution (NPCS) are discussed and a relative stability order of PCPAZs is theoretically proposed according to the relative magnitude of their ΔfG°. In addition, the values of molar heat capacities at constant pressure from 200 to 1000 K for PCPAZs are calculated, and the temperature dependence relations of this parameter are obtained using the least‐squares method.
Numerical simulation process aspects of the novel static circulating jet mixer
Authors: Yu Yanfang , Wu Jianhua , Meng Huibo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA novel jet mixer was developed in virtue of static jet mixing and the static sealing technique. In this paper, the SST κ − ω model was chosen to simulate the flow field by analysing the flow pattern of multiple jets in the novel static circulating jet mixer (SCJM). The numerical predictions of mixing time in the upward pointing side entry jet were found in good agreement with the experimental as well as the results reported in the literature. The transport mechanism of fluid in novel SCJM was studied using PDF and higher order items of turbulent flow. Because of the mutual adsorption between the adjacent jets, the main jet velocity did not comply with self‐similarity and the jet axis has an offset when the L/R0 is above 0.231. The distributions of flatness and skewness in SCJM are out of normal distribution which indicated the existence of coherent structure. The optimum parameters, jet angle, and baffle length, were revealed by comparison of the energy dissipation ratios in many cases.Un nouveau mélangeur à jet a été conçu grâce au mélange à jet statique et à la technique d'étanchéité statique (TES). Dans ce document, nous avons choisi le modèle de TES κ − ω pour simuler le champ d'écoulement en analysant la configuration de l'écoulement de plusieurs jets dans le nouveau mélangeur circulant à jet statique (MCJS). Les prédictions numériques du temps de mélange dans le jet latéral orienté vers le haut correspondent bien aux résultats expérimentaux et aux résultats indiqués dans la littérature. Le mécanisme de transport du fluide dans le nouveau MCJS a été analysé en utilisant la fonction de densité et des éléments d'ordre supérieur de l'écoulement turbulent. En raison de l'adsorption mutuelle entre les jets adjacents, la vitesse du jet principal n'est pas conforme à l'autosimilitude et l'axe du jet présente un désaxage lorsque le L/R0 est supérieur à 0,231. Les distributions de la planéité et de la dissymétrie dans le MCJS sortent de l'ordinaire, ce qui indique qu'une structure cohérente existe. Les paramètres optimaux, l'angle du jet et la longueur du déflecteur ont été trouvés en comparant les rapports de dissipation d'énergie de nombreux cas. © 2010 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Low Serum Sodium as a Poor Prognostic Indicator for Mortality in Congestive Heart Failure Patients
Authors: DeWolfe Andrew , Lopez Barbara , Arcement Lee M. , Hebert Kathy 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) has not significantly declined over the past 50 years, and overall survival rates are low at 5 years following diagnosis. Numerous studies have shown low serum sodium to be a poor prognostic indicator of all cause mortality in CHF patients.HypothesisThe goal of this hypothesis was to validate if hyponatremia is an important predictor of mortality in an outpatient population of CHF patients on maximal combined angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and β‐blocker therapy.MethodsA total of 364 (13% with hyponatremia) patients with CHF (ejection fraction [EF] ≤ 40%) were enrolled in a heart failure disease management program. The mean New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was II.XII. The average baseline serum sodium was 138.2 mEq/L.ResultsWe evaluated the relationship between hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) and all‐cause mortality at 40 months. During follow‐up, 8 patients in the hyponatremia group compared to 31 in the normonatremic group died. Results of Kaplan‐Meier analyses indicated there were no significant differences in mortality between the hyponatremia and normonatremic groups (log‐rank test = 0.39). Results for Cox proportional hazards models indicated low sodium was not a significant predictor of mortality (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65, 3.07; adjusted OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 0.57, 4.53).ConclusionsThe relationship between hyponatremia and all‐cause mortality did not reach significance. Hyponatremia did not significantly predict mortality in a CHF population on maximal medical therapy. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surface functionalization of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI applications – effect of anchoring group and ligand exchange protocol
Authors: Smolensky Eric D. , Park Hee‐Yun E. , Berquó Thelma S. , Pierre Valérie C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHydrophobic magnetite nanoparticles synthesized from thermal decomposition of iron salts must be rendered hydrophilic for their application as MRI contrast agents. This process requires refunctionalizing the surface of the nanoparticles with a hydrophilic organic coating such as polyethylene glycol. Two parameters were found to influence the magnetic behavior and relaxivity of the resulting hydrophilic iron oxide nanoparticles: the functionality of the anchoring group and the protocol followed for the functionalization. Nanoparticles coated with PEGs via a catecholate‐type anchoring moiety maintain the saturation magnetization and relaxivity of the hydrophobic magnetite precursor. Other anchoring functionalities, such as phosphonate, carboxylate and dopamine decrease the magnetization and relaxivity of the contrast agent. The protocol for functionalizing the nanoparticles also influences the magnetic behavior of the material. Nanoparticles refunctionalized according to a direct biphasic protocol exhibit higher relaxivity than those refunctionalized according to a two‐step procedure which first involves stripping the nanoparticles. This research presents the first systematic study of both the binding moiety and the functionalization protocol on the relaxivity and magnetization of water‐soluble coated iron oxide nanoparticles used as MRI contrast agents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human Thermoregulatory Responses to Acute Cold Stress with Special Reference to Water Immersion
Authors: Toner Michael M. , McArdle William D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Metabolic Adjustments to the ColdCritical TemperatureThermogenesis Below Critical TemperatureHeat Transfer and Thermal Adjustments to the ColdSkin‐to‐Water Heat TransferCore‐to‐Skin Heat TransferCore‐to‐Core Heat TransferCore‐to‐Environment Heat TransferThermal Balance in the ColdThermal Balance by Analysis of Survival DataThermal Balance Assessed by Thermal ModelsStability of Skin and Core TemperaturesStill Conditions vs. Voluntary Exertion
Intestinal Adaptation to Environmental Stress
Authors: Horvath Peter J , Weiser Milton M 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:The Gastrointestinal System and its Ability to Respond to Environmental Stress and InjuryImmune Defense MechanismsOther Defense MechanismsGeophysical EnvironmentEnvironmental TemperatureAltitudeIndustrial Contaminants of the Food ChainPersonal Life‐StylePhysical Activity and ExerciseStarvationLuminal Environment and DietGender DifferencesChanges in the Gastrointestinal Tract in the AgedSummary
Green and Sustainable Chemical Synthesis Using Flow Microreactors
Authors: Yoshida Jun‐ichi , Kim Heejin , Nagaki Aiichiro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSeveral features that allow flow microreactors contribute to green and sustainable chemical synthesis are presented: (1) For extremely fast reactions, kinetics often cannot be used because of the lack of homogeneity of the reaction environment when they are conducted in batch macroreactors. Better controllability, by virtue of fast mixing based on short diffusion paths in microreactors, however, leads to a higher selectivity of the products, based on kinetics considerations. Therefore, less waste is produced. (2) Reactions involving highly unstable intermediates usually require very low temperatures when they are conducted in macrobatch reactors. By virtue of short residence times, flow microreactors enable performing such reactions at ambient temperatures, avoiding cryogenic conditions and minimizing the energy required for cooling. (3) By virtue of the precise residence time control, flow microreactors allow to avoid the use of auxiliary substances such as protecting groups, enabling highly atom‐ and step‐economical straightforward syntheses. The development of several test plants based on microreaction technology has proved that flow microreactor synthesis can be applied to the green and sustainable production of chemical substances on industrial scales. (4) Microreactor technology enables on‐demand and on‐site synthesis, which leads to less energy for transportation and easy recycling of substances.