bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased lung cancer risk among bricklayers in an Italian population‐based case–control study
Authors: Consonni Dario , De Matteis Sara , Pesatori Angela C. , Cattaneo Andrea , Cavallo Domenico M. , Lubin Jay H. , Tucker Margaret , Bertazzi Pier Alberto , Caporaso Neil E. , Wacholder Sholom , Landi Maria Teresa 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundBricklayers may be at increased risk of lung cancer, although a firm association has not been established. We examined this association within the EAGLE (Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology) study, a population‐based case–control study conducted in Italy between 2002 and 2005.MethodsFor men in selected occupations in the construction sector we calculated smoking‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). For bricklayers we estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) and the attributable community risk (ACR).ResultsWe found increased lung cancer risk for bricklayers (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.12–2.21; 147 cases, 81 controls). The PAF was 3.9% (95% CI 0.7–7.0), corresponding to an ACR of 4.1 cases annually per 100,000 men (95% CI 0.7–7.3) in the whole community. Among bricklayers, there were increased risks for squamous cell (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.32–3.13, 56 exposed cases) and small cell carcinomas (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.29–4.07, 21 exposed cases), while no excess (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.68–1.65, 41 exposed cases) was found for adenocarcinoma.ConclusionsOur findings provide additional evidence of increased lung cancer risk in Italian bricklayers. The association is plausible because they are exposed to several carcinogens, notably crystalline silica. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:423–428, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of delta/notch‐like epidermal growth factor‐related receptor as the Tr antigen in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration
Authors: de Graaff Esther , Maat Peter , Hulsenboom Esther , van den Berg Robert , van den Bent Martin , Demmers Jeroen , Lugtenburg Pieternella J. , Hoogenraad Casper C. , Sillevis Smitt Peter 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:Anti‐Tr is among the better described autoantibodies in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) combined with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL); however, the Tr antigen remains unidentified.Methods:We used immunoprecipitation of total rat brain extract followed by mass spectrometry to identify the antigen recognized by anti‐Tr–positive sera. By Western blotting and cell‐based assays, we tested a total of 12 anti‐Tr–positive and 246 control sera and determined the region of the epitope recognized by the anti‐Tr antibodies. Deletion and mutant constructs were generated to further map the antigenic region.Results:Mass spectrometry analysis of immunopurified rat brain extract using 4 different anti‐Tr–positive sera led to the identification of Delta/Notch‐like epidermal growth factor‐related receptor (DNER) as the Tr antigen. All but 1 of 246 control samples were negative in the HeLa cell‐based screening assay, whereas 12 of the 12 anti‐Tr–positive sera stained hemagglutinin‐tagged DNER‐expressing cells. Only 1 control subject with HL but no ataxia was found to be both DNER and Tr positive. Using deletion constructs, we pinpointed the main epitope to the extracellular domain. Knockdown of endogenous DNER in hippocampal and N‐glycosylation mutations abolished the anti‐Tr staining, indicating that glycosylation of DNER is required for it to be recognized by anti‐Tr antibodies.Interpretation:DNER is the antigen detected by anti‐Tr–positive sera. Presence of anti‐Tr antibodies in patients with PCD and HL or HL only can now be screened quickly and reliably by using a cell‐based screening assay. ANN NEUROL 2012
Infrared spectroscopy evidence for the hydrosilylation of rubbers and hydrogen‐containing polysiloxane via heat processing
Authors: Cui Mengzhong , Liu Lei , Kim JinKuk 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe hydrosilylation reaction is very important in silicone‐introducing reactions and in the crosslinking of silicone rubbers. In this study, through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the hydrosilylation reaction between hydrogen‐containing polysiloxane (H‐PDMS) and several kinds of rubber, including styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), and natural rubber (NR), with heat processing was researched. The IR spectra of each compound film were determined after reaction with H‐PDMS under 110°C for different times. Through the quantitative estimation of the progress of the hydrosilylation reaction in the course of the heat processing, we established a method for calculating the changes of the peak areas of the SiH bond and vinyl groups of each sample at each reaction time and computed the ratio of the integral area of SiH and CC to that of each compound. The SiH content decreased 85 and 30% in SBR–Si and NBR–Si, respectively. However, the ratio of the integral area of transmittance of SiH in NR–Si and CR–Si changed very little during the whole process. The SiH content decreased less than 20% in NR–Si and CR–Si. All ratios of the integral area of transmittance of the vinyl groups (RVinyl) of each compound decreased as the reaction time increased at 110°C; the decrease values were very small. The rates of allRVinyldecreases were slow, and the decreasing sequence was the same as the order of decreasing SiH content. The hydrosilylation reaction between H‐PDMS and SBR was quite smooth in the heat processing and better than that between H‐PDMS and NBR. The hydrosilylation reactions of H‐PDMS with NR and CR were less satisfying. The results show that polyolefin rubbers can be modified or crosslinked by H‐PDMS via heat processing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
(S)‐2‐(ethyl propionate)‐(O‐ethyl xanthate)‐ and (S)‐2‐(Ethyl isobutyrate)‐(O‐ethyl xanthate)‐mediated RAFT polymerization of vinyl acetate
Authors: Patel Vijay Kumar , Vishwakarma Niraj Kumar , Mishra Avnish Kumar , Biswas Chandra Sekhar , Ray Biswajit 
Published: February 2012

Abstract(S)‐2‐(Ethyl propionate)‐(O‐ethyl xanthate) (X1) and (S)‐2‐(Ethyl isobutyrate)‐(O‐ethyl xanthate) (X2) were used as the reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents for the radical polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc). The former showed the better chain transfer ability in the polymerization at 60°C. Kinetic study with both RAFT agents showed pseudo‐first order kinetics up to around 85% monomer conversion. Molecular weight of the resulting polymer increased linearly with increase in the monomer conversion up to around 85%. The observed molecular weights calculated from 1H‐NMR spectrum [Mn(NMR)] are close to the corresponding theoretical molecular weights [Mn(theor)]. The corresponding polydispersity index (PDI) of the resulting polymers remained almost constant at around 1.2 up to ∼ 65% monomer conversion and then increased gradually with the further increase in the monomer conversion. Chain‐end analysis of the resulting polymers by 1H‐NMR showed clearly that polymerization started with the radical forming out of the xanthate mediator. The negligible homo‐chain extension and the hetero‐chain extension involving synthesis of poly(VAc)‐b‐poly(NVP) diblock copolymer were occurred. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A novel method to prepare poly(vinyl alcohol) water‐soluble fiber with narrowly dissolving temperature range
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhang Fan , Jiang Mengjin , Ye Guangdou , Xu Jianjun 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is an important water‐soluble polymer. In this study, a novel method has been developed for preparing water‐soluble PVA fiber with narrowly dissolving temperature range via wet spinning of partly acetalized PVA. The structures and properties of the fiber were characterized by IR, 1H‐NMR, DSC, WAXD, tensile strength tester, etc. IR and NMR spectra showed that acetal groups were successfully generated on the lateral chains of PVA with the catalysis of acid. As a small quantity of CH2O was added, the introduction of the acetal group could reduce both the hydrophilicity of amorphous region and the crystallinity of PVA water‐soluble fiber, and hence narrowed the dissolving temperature range of fiber. However, the dissolving temperature range was broadened with a further increase of CH2O amount, because of the large decrease of crystallinity and crystallite perfection. When the CH2O added amount reached up to 20%, the acetalized PVA was completely insoluble, so that the spinning process could not be carried out. The breaking strengths of most acetalized fibers were beyond 4 cN/dtex, which satisfied the ordinary use of industrial and domestic field. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Investigation on particular morphology of immiscible polyamide 12/polystyrene blends
Authors: Wu Bozhen , Yao Chenguang , Xie Tingxiu , Yang Guisheng 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this article, a particular phase morphology of immiscible polyamide 12/polystyrene (PA12/PS) blends prepared via in situ anionic ring‐opening polymerization of Laurolactam (LL) in the presence of PS was investigated. SEM and FTIR were used to analyze the morphology of the blends. The results showed that PS is dispersed as small droplets in the continuous matrix of PA12 when PS content is less than 5 wt %. When the PS content is higher than 10 wt %, two particular phase morphologies appeared. First, dispersed PS‐rich particles with the spherical inclusions of PA12 can be found when PS content is between 10 wt % and 15 wt %. Then, the phase inversion (the phase morphology of the PA12/PS blends changes from the PS dispersed/PA12 matrix to PA12 dispersed/PS matrix system) occurred when PS content is higher than 20 wt %, which is completely different from traditional polymer blends prepared by melt blending. The possible reason for the particular morphology development was illuminated through phase inversion mechanism. Furthermore, the stability of the phase morphologies of the PA12/PS blends was also investigated. SEM showed that the particular morphology is instability, and it will be changed upon annealing at 230°C for 30 min. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
On the swelling of polychloroprene‐MMT nanocomposite films
Authors: Soriano‐Luna Martín , Núñez‐Pérez Héctor Ismael , Estrada Mirna R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFor the first time, the effects on the percentage of swelling of fifteen solvents on latex polychloroprene (CR) nanocomposite (NC) films, and typical physical properties were studied. These films were prepared with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 phr of montmorillonite (MMT) dispersed in water. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results exhibit both exfoliated and intercalated layers in NC films. It was found that the Young's modulus and hardness increased with the MMT content. Calculations of the crosslink density were used to evaluate the effect of MMT concentration on the percentage of swelling. It was observed that in chloroform CR films showed the maximum swelling and it is therefore the best solvent to calculate the Flory–Huggins polymer–solvent interaction parameter as well as the crosslink density. To find the Flory‐Huggins polymer–solvent interaction parameter, it was preferred to use the Hoftyser and Van Krevelen polychloroprene solubility parameter of 19.2 (MPa)1/2 (calculated from the molar attraction constants) instead of using the swelling master curve which is not accurate. In all NC films, swelling by organic solvents was reduced by the addition of MMT. The increasing crosslink density with MMT suggests that dispersed clay emulates chemical bonds by hindering solvent migration throughout the polymer matrix and reducing solvent penetration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Thermal and morphology properties of various silica contents in sulfone epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Chiu Yie‐Chan , Tsai Hsieh‐Chih , Imae Toyoko 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe effect of spherical silica oxide, tetraethoxyl silane (TEOS), and 5 polysilsesquioxane (POSS) derivative on the thermal and morphology properties in the sulfone epoxy (SEP) nanocomposite have been investigated in this study. The hydroxyl group (silanol groups) of silica improved the curing reactivity of SEP and increased the glass transition temperature (Tg) from 132°C to 162°C. The POSS type silica formed bulky side‐chains in the nanocomposites, and the organic i‐butyl, ethyl, methyl, and un‐reacted hydroxy groups influenced thermal stability. The char yield increased from 35.77% to 42.18% and 1.12% to 7.17% under nitrogen and air in thermal gravimetric analysis, respectively. From an investigation of thermal degradation, it was determined that the introduction of diphenylphosphine modified polysilsesquioxane (DPPP‐PSQ), spherical silica particles (SiO2), and TEOS to the SEP enhanced the thermal stability beyond that provided by POSS side‐chain SEP nanocomposites. The addition of silica segments provided not only thermally stable char to reduce anti‐thermal oxidation properties but also enhanced thermal degradation stability of various silica‐containing/SEP nanocomposites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Applying the sol–gel method to the deposition of nanocoats on textiles to improve their abrasion resistance
Authors: Brzeziński Stefan , Kowalczyk Dorota , Borak Beata , Jasiorski Marek , Tracz Adam 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe thin‐coat finishing of textiles carried out by the sol–gel methods gain greater and greater importance owing to their suitability for the versatile functionalization of textiles to impart to them properties being difficult and even impossible to obtain with the use of conventional finishing methods. This article presents the test results of the thin‐coat protective finishing of cotton fabrics against abrasion. This treatment consists in depositing hybrid SiO2*/Al2O3 sols synthesized from two precursors: (3‐glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy‐silane and aluminum isopropoxide on fiber/fabric surface. The abrasion resistance of the fabric treated by the sol–gel method has been increased by about five times according to Martindale test and this effect is resistant to prolonged laundering. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Surface modification of cellulose nanofibrils for poly(lactic acid) composite application
Authors: Qu Ping , Zhou Yitong , Zhang Xiaoli , Yao Siyu , Zhang Liping 
Published: February 2012

Abstract3‐Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MEMO) was used to modify the surface of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) to improve the interfacial adhesion between the hydrophilic CNF and the hydrophobic poly(lactic acid) (PLA). MEMO modified CNF (M‐CNF) were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and atomic force microscope (AFM). Testing thin films with good transparency were obtained by casting the DMAC solutions of the composites onto glass plates and evaporating the solvent at 80°C. PLA/M‐CNF composites were tested by tensile testing, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and AFM. The effect of MEMO and CNF on performance of PLA was investigated. The FTIR analysis successfully showed that coupling reaction has been successfully occurred and the hydroxyl groups of MEMO are strongly hydrogen bonded to that of CNF. The thermal stability of M‐CNF was little decreased. The M‐CNF kept their morphological integrity. The highest tensile strength of composites was obtained for PLA with 1.0% v/v MEMO and 1.0 wt % CNF. M‐CNF disperse well and cross with each other in the PLA matrix. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Organic Dyes Containing Pyrenylamine‐Based Cascade Donor Systems with Different Aromatic π Linkers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Optical, Electrochemical, and Device Characteristics
Authors: Thomas K. R. Justin , Kapoor Neha , Lee Chuan‐Pei , Ho Kuo‐Chuan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNew organic dyes containing pyrenylamine donors in a cascade arrangement and cyanoacrylic acid acceptors have been synthesized and characterized by optical, electrochemical, and theoretical studies. The dyes inherit a D‐π1‐D‐π2‐A (D=donor, A=acceptor) molecular architecture where the π linkers π1 are changed from phenyl to biphenyl and fluorene, whereas the π linker π2 that connects the donor fragment with the acceptor is a phenyl unit. The conjugation pathway linking the two donor segments has been found to play a major role in the optical and electrochemical properties. Shorter π linkers such as phenyl groups facilitate the donor–acceptor interaction while the nonplanar biphenyl spacer decreases the electronic communication between the donors and enhances the oxidation propensity of the corresponding dye. All the dyes display an intense longer wavelength electronic transition,which is attributable to the amine‐to‐cyanoacrylic acid charge transfer. The extinction coefficient of this peak grows dramatically on increasing the conjugation pathway length between the two donor segments. The dyes were used as sensitizers in nanocrystalline TiO2‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and the cascade donor system contributed to the enhancement in the device efficiency due to favorable absorption and redox properties.
Composites of Graphene and Other Nanocarbons with Organogelators Assembled through Supramolecular Interactions
Authors: Samanta Suman K. , Subrahmanyam K. S. , Bhattacharya Santanu , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCarbon nanomaterials (CNMs), such as exfoliated graphene (EG), long‐chain functionalized EG, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and fullerene (C60), have been investigated for their interaction with two structurally different gelators based on all‐trans tri‐p‐phenylenevinylene bis‐aldoxime (1) and n‐lauroyl‐L‐alanine (2) both in solution and in supramolecular organogels. Gelation occurs in toluene through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions for 1 and 2 in addition to π–π stacking specifically in the case of 1. These nanocomposites provide a thorough understanding in terms of molecular‐level interactions of dimensionally different CNMs with structurally different gelators. The presence of densely wrapped CNMs encapsulated fibrous network in the resulting composites is evident from various spectroscopic and microscopic studies, indicating the presence of supramolecular interactions. Concentration‐ and temperature‐dependent UV/Vis and fluorescence spectra show that CNMs promote aggregation of the gelator molecules, leading to hypochromism and quenching of the fluorescence intensity. Thermotropic mesophases of 1 are altered by the inclusion of a small amount of CNMs. The gel–CNM composites show increased electrical conductivity compared with that of the native organogel. Rheological studies of the composites demonstrate the formation of rigid and viscoelastic solidlike assembly due to reinforced aggregation of the gelators on CNMs. Synergistic behavior is observed in case of the composite gel of 1, containing a mixture of EG and SWNT, when compared with other mixtures of CNMs in all combinations with EG. This affords new nanocomposites with interesting optical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties.
Gold‐Catalysed Oxyarylation of Styrenes and Mono‐ and gem‐Disubstituted Olefins Facilitated by an Iodine(III) Oxidant
Authors: Ball Liam T. , Lloyd‐Jones Guy C. , Russell Christopher A. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract1‐Hydroxy‐1,2‐benziodoxol‐3(1H)‐one (IBA) is an efficient terminal oxidant for gold‐catalysed, three‐component oxyarylation reactions. The use of this iodine(III) reagent expands the scope of oxyarylation to include styrenes and gem‐disubstituted olefins, substrates that are incompatible with the previously reported Selectfluor‐based methodology. Diverse arylsilane coupling partners can be employed, and in benzotrifluoride, homocoupling is substantially reduced. In addition, the IBA‐derived co‐products can be recovered and recycled.
Selective Conversion of Cellobiose and Cellulose into Gluconic Acid in Water in the Presence of Oxygen, Catalyzed by Polyoxometalate‐Supported Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: An Dongli , Ye Aihua , Deng Weiping , Zhang Qinghong , Wang Ye 
Published: February 2012

AbstractGold nanoparticles loaded onto Keggin‐type insoluble polyoxometalates (CsxH3−xPW12O40) showed superior catalytic performances for the direct conversion of cellobiose into gluconic acid in water in the presence of O2. The selectivity of Au/CsxH3−xPW12O40 for gluconic acid was significantly higher than those of Au catalysts loaded onto typical metal oxides (e.g., SiO2, Al2O3, and TiO2), carbon nanotubes, and zeolites (H‐ZSM‐5 and HY). The acidity of polyoxometalates and the mean‐size of the Au nanoparticles were the key factors in the catalytic conversion of cellobiose into gluconic acid. The stronger acidity of polyoxometalates not only favored the conversion of cellobiose but also resulted in higher selectivity of gluconic acid by facilitating desorption and inhibiting its further degradation. On the other hand, the smaller Au nanoparticles accelerated the oxidation of glucose (an intermediate) into gluconic acid, thereby leading to increases both in the conversion of cellobiose and in the selectivity of gluconic acid. The Au/CsxH3−xPW12O40 system also catalyzed the conversion of cellulose into gluconic acid with good efficiency, but it could not be used repeatedly owing to the leaching of a H+‐rich hydrophilic moiety over long‐term hydrothermal reactions. We have demonstrated that the combination of H3PW12O40 and Au/Cs3.0PW12O40 afforded excellent yields of gluconic acid (about 85 %, 418 K, 11 h), and the deactivation of the recovered H3PW12O40–Au/Cs3.0PW12O40 catalyst was not serious during repeated use.
The Photochemistry of [FeIIIN3(cyclam‐ac)]PF6 at 266 nm
Authors: Torres‐Alacan Joel , Krahe Oliver , Filippou Alexander C. , Neese Frank , Schwarzer Dirk , Vöhringer Peter 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe photochemistry of iron azido complexes is quite challenging and poorly understood. For example, the photochemical decomposition of [FeIIIN3(cyclam‐ac)]PF6 ([1]PF6), where cyclam‐ac represents the 1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane‐1‐acetate ligand, has been shown to be wavelength‐dependent, leading either to the rare high‐valent iron(V) nitrido complex [FeVN(cyclam‐ac)]PF6 ([3]PF6) after cleavage of the azide NαNβ bond, or to a photoreduced FeII species after FeNazide bond homolysis. The mechanistic details of this intriguing reactivity have never been studied in detail. Here, the photochemistry of 1 in acetonitrile solution at room temperature has been investigated using step‐scan and rapid‐scan time‐resolved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy following a 266 nm, 10 ns pulsed laser excitation. Using carbon monoxide as a quencher for the primary iron‐containing photochemical product, it is shown that 266 nm excitation of 1 results exclusively in the cleavage of the FeNazide bond, as was suspected from earlier steady‐state irradiation studies. In argon‐purged solutions of [1]PF6, the solvent‐stabilized complex cation [FeII(CH3CN)(cyclam‐ac)]+ (2 red) together with the azide radical (N3.) is formed with a relative yield of 80 %, as evidenced by the appearance of their characteristic vibrational resonances. Strikingly, step‐scan experiments with a higher time resolution reveal the formation of azide anions (N3−) during the first 500 ns after photolysis, with a yield of 20 %. These azide ions can subsequently react thermally with 2 red to form [FeIIN3(cyclam‐ac)] (1 red) as a secondary product of the photochemical decomposition of 1. Molecular oxygen was further used to quench 1 red and 2 red to form what seems to be the elusive complex [Fe(O2)(cyclam‐ac)]+ (6).