bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing Cross Compliance for Agriculture in the EU: Relational Agency, Power and Action in Different Socio‐Material Contexts
Authors: Juntti Meri 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe cross compliance instrument is an EU wide policy mechanism that ties the payment of the remaining agricultural subsidies to compliance with environmental, animal welfare and food safety standards. Policy negotiations concerning the exact nature of the conditions in individual Member States draw on different environmental and economic circumstances and differing interpretations of farmers' role in the rural environment. This article reports on two case studies of decision‐making concerning the national cross compliance rules in England and Finland. Actor Network Theory is employed in order to understand how socio‐economic and environmental contexts combine to influence and constrain interviewed decision‐makers and the propositions they make regarding power and action in the implementation of the cross compliance mechanism. The approach uncovers some significant differences in the normative logic of how cross compliance is interpreted and delivered in the studied countries and highlights how ‘baseline environmental standards’ imply very different obligations for farmers in different member states. It is evident that a more flexible policy approach is needed to achieve a minimum level of environmental protection throughout the EU.
Sustaining a Village's Social Fabric?
Authors: Huijbens Edward H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article deals with the rural community of Fjallabyggð in North Iceland and second home inhabitants of the constituent villages of Siglufjörður and Ólafsfjörður. Up to a quarter of the housing in these villages is owned by people with their registered residence elsewhere. The article asks whether and how the owners of these houses contribute to the maintenance of the villages' social fabric, building on the notion of social capital, in any formal or informal sense. The article finds that there are two types of second home owners. One the homesick local maintaining ties with family and friends and the other of those pursuing a lifestyle of creative leisure. The latter are actively involved in community projects, whilst the former are passive audience to these. Thus the article concludes by finding that community expats maintain a village's social fabric for mostly selfish reasons and to a limited extent, whilst those seeking a place away from home will be more active in maintaining it.
Hierarchical Modelling of Disparities in Preferences for Redistribution*
Authors: Pittau Maria Grazia , Massari Riccardo , Zelli Roberto 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe evaluate the magnitude of the disparities in the demand for redistribution across European countries and American states during the 2000s. Modelling the demand for redistribution in a multilevel framework, we identify the determinants that contribute the most in predicting support for redistribution. We observe that individual characteristics and contextual variables are associated with demand for redistribution in the same way in Europe and in the US, whereas others exert different influences on the probability of supporting redistribution. We find important differences from some well‐established evidence obtained from data collected for the 1980s and the 1990s.
High Cost Residential Placements for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: McGill Peter , Poynter Jo 
Published: May 2012

Background  Concern has been expressed repeatedly about the cost and quality of residential placements for adults with learning disabilities and additional needs. This study sought to identify characteristics of the highest cost placements in the South‐East of England.Method  Lead learning disability commissioners in the South‐East of England were asked to provide information about the five highest cost residential placements that they commissioned for adults with learning disabilities.Results  The average placement cost of £172k per annum disguised wide variation. Individuals placed were mainly young and male with high rates of challenging behaviour and/or autism spectrum disorder. Most placements were in out‐of‐area residential care. The highest costs were associated with hospital placements and placements for people presenting challenging behaviour.Conclusions  Young, male adults with learning disability, challenging behaviour and/or autism continue to receive very high cost residential support, often in out‐of‐area residential care. There remains limited evidence of plans to redirect resources to more local service developments.
Latent class analysis of early developmental trajectory in baby siblings of children with autism
Authors: Landa Rebecca J. , Gross Alden L. , Stuart Elizabeth A. , Bauman Margaret 
Published: May 2012

Background: Siblings of children with autism (sibs‐A) are at increased genetic risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and milder impairments. To elucidate diversity and contour of early developmental trajectories exhibited by sibs‐A, regardless of diagnostic classification, latent class modeling was used.Methods: Sibs‐A (N = 204) were assessed with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning from age 6 to 36 months. MullenTscores served as dependent variables. Outcome classifications at age 36 months included: ASD (N = 52); non‐ASD social/communication delay (broader autism phenotype; BAP;N = 31); and unaffected (N = 121). Child‐specific patterns of performance were studied using latent class growth analysis. Latent class membership was then related to diagnostic outcome through estimation of within‐class proportions of children assigned to each diagnostic classification.Results: A 4‐class model was favored. Class 1 represented accelerated development and consisted of 25.7% of the sample, primarily unaffected children. Class 2 (40.0% of the sample), was characterized by normative development with above‐average nonverbal cognitive outcome. Class 3 (22.3% of the sample) was characterized by receptive language, and gross and fine motor delay. Class 4 (12.0% of the sample), was characterized by widespread delayed skill acquisition, reflected by declining trajectories. Children with an outcome diagnosis of ASD were spread across Classes 2, 3, and 4.Conclusions: Results support a category of ASD that involves slowing in early non‐social development. Receptive language and motor development is vulnerable to early delay in sibs‐A with and without ASD outcomes. Non‐ASD sibs‐A are largely distributed across classes depicting average or accelerated development. Developmental trajectories of motor, language, and cognition appear independent of communication and social delays in non‐ASD sibs‐A.
The Affective Reactivity Index: a concise irritability scale for clinical and research settings
Authors: Stringaris Argyris , Goodman Robert , Ferdinando Sumudu , Razdan Varun , Muhrer Eli , Leibenluft Ellen , Brotman Melissa A. 
Published: May 2012

Background:  Irritable mood has recently become a matter of intense scientific interest. Here, we present data from two samples, one from the United States and the other from the United Kingdom, demonstrating the clinical and research utility of the parent‐ and self‐report forms of the Affective Reactivity Index (ARI), a concise dimensional measure of irritability.Methods:  The US sample (n = 218) consisted of children and adolescents recruited at the National Institute of Mental Health meeting criteria for bipolar disorder (BD, n = 39), severe mood dysregulation (SMD, n = 67), children at family risk for BD (n = 35), or were healthy volunteers (n = 77). The UK sample (n = 88) was comprised of children from a generic mental health setting and healthy volunteers from primary and secondary schools.Results:  Parent‐ and self‐report scales of the ARI showed excellent internal consistencies and formed a single factor in the two samples. In the US sample, the ARI showed a gradation with irritability significantly increasing from healthy volunteers through to SMD. Irritability was significantly higher in SMD than in BD by parent‐report, but this did not reach significance by self‐report. In the UK sample, parent‐rated irritability was differentially related to emotional problems.Conclusions:  Irritability can be measured using a concise instrument both in a highly specialized US, as well as a general UK child mental health setting.
Secondary cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: a multi‐institutional study
Authors: Deraco M , Virzì S , Iusco DR , Puccio F , Macrì A , Famulari C , Solazzo M , Bonomi S , Grassi A , Baratti D , Kusamura S 
Published: May 2012

Please cite this paper as:Deraco M, Virzì S, Raspagliesi F, Iusco D, Puccio F, Macrì A, Famulari C, Solazzo M, Bonomi S, Grassi A, Baratti D, Kusamura S. Secondary cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: a multi‐institutional study. BJOG 2012;119:800–809.Objective To assess the efficacy and morbidity and mortality of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).Design A retrospective study conducted using information extracted from a multi‐institutional prospective database on peritoneal surface malignancies (PSMs).Setting Four Italian centres specializing in locoregional treatment of PSM.Population Patients with recurrent EOC.Methods Fifty‐six patients underwent 57 combined procedures. CRS was performed using peritonectomy procedures and HIPEC using the closed‐abdomen technique with cisplatin and doxorubicin or cisplatin and mitomycin‐C.Main outcome measures Overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), morbidity and mortality rates.Results The median age of the patients was 55.2 years (range 30–75 years). The median peritoneal cancer index was 15.2 (range 4–30). Forty‐seven patients had microscopic residual disease (completeness of cytoreduction, CC‐0), seven had residual disease ≤2.5 mm (CC‐1) and one had residual disease >2.5 mm (CC>2). Major complications occurred in 15 patients (26.3%), and procedure‐related mortality occurred in three patients (5.3%). The median follow‐up time was 23.1 months. The median OS and PFS were 25.7 (95% CI 20.3–31.0) and 10.8 (95% CI 5.4–16.2) months, respectively. The 5‐year OS and PFS were 23% and 7%, respectively. Independent prognostic factors affecting OS according to the multivariate analysis were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, preoperative serum albumin, and completeness of cytoreduction.Conclusions Patients with recurrent EOC treated with CRS and HIPEC showed promising results in terms of outcome. The combined treatment strategy could benefit subsets of patients wider than that defined for conventional secondary debulking surgery without HIPEC. These data warrant further evaluation in randomised clinical trials.
What about the mothers? An analysis of maternal mortality and morbidity in perinatal health surveillance systems in Europe
Authors: Bouvier‐Colle M‐H , Mohangoo AD , Gissler M , Novak‐Antolic Z , Vutuc C , Szamotulska K , Zeitlin J ,   for The Euro‐Peristat Scientific Committee
Published: May 2012

Please cite this paper as: Bouvier‐Colle M, Mohangoo A, Gissler M, Novak‐Antolic Z, Vutuc C, Szamotulska K, Zeitlin J for The Euro‐Peristat Scientific Committee. What about the mothers? An analysis of maternal mortality and morbidity in perinatal health surveillance systems in Europe. BJOG 2012;119:880–890.Objective  To assess capacity to develop routine monitoring of maternal health in the European Union using indicators of maternal mortality and severe morbidity.Design  Analysis of aggregate data from routine statistical systems compiled by the EURO‐PERISTAT project and comparison with data from national enquiries.Setting  Twenty‐five countries in the European Union and Norway.Population  Women giving birth in participating countries in 2003 and 2004.Methods  Application of a common collection of data by selecting specific International Classification of Disease codes from the ‘Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium’ chapter. External validity was assessed by reviewing the results of national confidential enquiries and linkage studies.Main outcome measures  Maternal mortality ratio, with distribution of specific obstetric causes, and severe acute maternal morbidity, which included: eclampsia, surgery and blood transfusion for obstetric haemorrhage, and intensive‐care unit admission.Results  In 22 countries that provided data, the maternal mortality ratio was 6.3 per 100 000 live births overall and ranged from 0 to 29.6. Under‐ascertainment was evident from comparisons with studies that use enhanced identification of deaths. Furthermore, routine cause of death registration systems in countries with specific systems for audit reported higher maternal mortality ratio than those in countries without audits. For severe acute maternal morbidity, 16 countries provided data about at least one category of morbidity, and only three provided data for all categories. Reported values ranged widely (from 0.2 to 1.6 women with eclampsia per 1000 women giving birth and from 0.2 to 1.0 hysterectomies per 1000 women).Conclusions  Currently available data on maternal mortality and morbidity are insufficient for monitoring trends over time in Europe and for comparison between countries. Confidential enquiries into maternal deaths are recommended.
The relationship between umbilical cord arterial pH and serious adverse neonatal outcome: analysis of 51 519 consecutive validated samples
Authors: Yeh P , Emary K , Impey L 
Published: May 2012

Please cite this paper as: Yeh P, Emary K, Impey L. The relationship between umbilical cord arterial pH and serious adverse neonatal outcome: analysis of 51 519 consecutive validated samples. BJOG 2012;119:824–831.Objective  To examine the relationship between umbilical cord pH at term and serious neonatal outcomes.Design  Observational cohort study.Settings  Deliveries within the Oxford Radcliffe Hospital NHS Trust between 1991 and 2009.Population  In all, 51 519 singleton, term, nonanomalous live neonates with validated umbilical cord arterial pH values.Methods  Absolute risks, relative risks with 95% confidence intervals, and numbers needed to harm were calculated for different levels of arterial pH across the entire range.Main outcome measures  Neonatal encephalopathy with seizures and/or death, encephalopathy within 24 hours of birth, 5‐minute Apgar scores and neonatal unit admission.Results  The median arterial pH was 7.22, interquartile range 7.17–7.27. The absolute risk of an adverse neurological outcome was significantly increased below 7.10 (0.36%) and was lowest between 7.26 and 7.30 (0.16%). Even below 7.00, the risk was only 2.95%. However, more than 75% of neonates with neurological outcomes examined, including seizures within 24 hours of birth, had a pH above 7.10. A small increase in risk was evident at higher pH levels.Conclusion  The threshold pH for adverse neurological outcomes is 7.10 and the ‘ideal’ cord pH is 7.26–7.30. Above 7.00, however, neonatal acidaemia is weakly associated with adverse outcomes. Most neonates with neurological morbidity have normal cord pH values. Other variables must influence adverse outcomes and account for more of these than acidaemia. A better understanding of these is required before intrapartum fetal monitoring can improve.
Influence of single peer interventions on the recovery attitude of persons with a psychiatric disability
Authors: Rabenschlag Franziska , Schusterschitz Claudia , Conca Antoinette , Knuf Andreas , Needham Ian , Hoffmann Holger 
Published: May 2012

Objective:  This study examined the influence of single peer to peer interventions on participants’ recovery attitudes.Methods:  Following a 40‐hour training, pairs of individuals with a psychiatric disability offered a session (2.5 hour) in outpatient and residential psychiatric institutions. These peer to peer interventions aimed at inspiring and contributing to participants’ recovery process, by introducing them to constituent parts of the concept Recovery. Thirteen of the peer interventions were evaluated by measuring participants’ recovery attitudes before (N = 145), just after (N = 115) and at 6 months postintervention (N = 53) using the Recovery Attitudes Questionnaire (RAQ7) and the Recovery Process Inventory (RPI).Results:  Wilcoxon tests demonstrated that individuals participating in a peer intervention felt significantly more certain that Recovery is possible (factor ‘Recovery is possible’) just after the intervention (p = 0.004), but not 6 months later; likewise, the perception of the difficulty of recovery in spite of a mental illness (factor ‘Recovery is difficult and differs’) was significantly lower 6 months later (p = 0.016), but not from pre to just after.Conclusions:  The statistically significant effect of a single recovery‐oriented peer intervention on participants’ attitude that recovery is possible was not sustainable. These results suggest a possible higher sustainability of repeated or longer‐lasting peer interventions.
Are informal caregivers less happy than noncaregivers? Happiness and the intensity of caregiving in combination with paid and voluntary work
Authors: van Campen Cretien , de Boer Alice H. , Iedema Jurjen 
Published: May 2012

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 44–50

Are informal caregivers less happy than noncaregivers? Happiness and the intensity of caregiving in combination with paid and voluntary work
Informal caregivers are one of the pillars of home health care. In the Netherlands, the free help they provide to sick or disabled family members, acquaintances or friends exceeds the number of hours of home care provided by professionals. While the government welcomes their contribution, there is concern about the potential burden their work imposes on them. On the one hand, there is concern that informal caregiving could be experienced as a burden and diminish subjective well‐being; on the other, helping others as a meaningful activity might increase their subjective well‐being. Happiness ratings (as an indicator of subjective well‐being) of persons whose involvement in informal caregiving, voluntary work and paid work ranged from none to full time were analysed using multivariate regression models, which also took into account levels of physical disability and socio‐economic characteristics (age, sex, household composition, education level). The sample consisted of 336 informal caregivers and 1765 noncaregivers in the Dutch population. In line with the subjective well‐being assumption, the results suggest that caregivers are happier than noncaregivers when they provide care for <6 hours a week; and in line with the burden assumption, the results show that providing care for more than 11 hours a week is associated with lower levels of happiness. Other results contradicted the burden assumption that combining caregiving with paid or voluntary work is associated with more time burden and less happiness. The result that combining caregiving with paid employment or volunteering is related to higher rates of happiness confirms the subjective well‐being assumption. It is concluded that these cross‐sectional results open ways to longitudinal research that can inform governments in the development of policies to support informal caregivers.
A nurse‐led paediatric head injury follow‐up service
Authors: Falk Ann‐Charlotte 
Published: May 2012

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 51–56

A nurse‐led paediatric head injury follow‐up service
Aim:  The aim of this study was to describe a nurse‐led follow‐up service, duration of children’s late head injury symptoms and parent/child informational needs.Background:  Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. In Sweden; 7200 children and adolescents are hospitalized every year because of head trauma, and 90% of all head traumas are considered a mild head injury. Although the head injury may be mild, 5–15% of children report sequelae (headache, dizziness, fatigue or memory problems), and the need for a follow‐up service has been proposed several times.Methods/Design:  An empirical descriptive study of a nurse‐led follow‐up service to improve the quality of care among children with mild‐to‐moderate head injuries. The data were collected in the period 2003–2005 at a Swedish University Hospital.Findings:  In total, 149 children (mean age: 9.3 years) received the follow‐up service. In 92% of cases, one follow‐up visit was performed. Eight per cent needed several visits to ensure symptom resolution. Ninety‐one per cent of all children described late symptoms [headache (75%) and tiredness (74%)] at the follow‐up visits. The mean symptom duration was 5 weeks. However, 18% of the children reported long‐lasting symptoms for 8 weeks, and 16 children (10%) reported long‐lasting symptoms beyond 3 months postinjury.Conclusion:  An early follow‐up service with the aim of meeting the family’s needs and reducing any negative impact after a childhood head injury could minimize long‐lasting complications for both parents and children.
The influence of an anti‐stigma intervention on adolescents' attitudes to schizophrenia: a mixed methodology approach
Authors: Economou Marina , Peppou Lily E. , Geroulanou Klio , Louki Eleni , Tsaliagkou Irene , Kolostoumpis Dimitris , Stefanis Costas N. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundThis study aimed at exploring adolescents' attitudes to schizophrenia and the impact of an educational intervention on improving them, by employing a mixed methodology.MethodA total of 1081 secondary‐school students were randomly allocated to a control and intervention condition. Stigma endorsement was assessed by a free association card and a questionnaire, before and 2 weeks after the intervention.ResultsThe intervention yielded substantial changes in students' beliefs, attitudes and social distance levels as well as in their associations with the term ‘severe mental illness’.ConclusionsEducational interventions can contribute substantially to preventing consolidation of unfavourable attitudes towards mental illness.
The role of gender in the relationship between physical activity, appearance evaluation and psychological distress
Authors: Haugen Tommy , Johansen Bjørn Tore , Ommundsen Yngvar 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundBased on previous research, the aim of this cross‐sectional study was to examine the indirect effect of physical activity on psychological distress through appearance evaluation. The indirect effect was hypothesized to be conditional on gender, with the effect being more profound among females than among males.MethodA total of 2055 adolescents (Mage = 15.3) completed a self‐report questionnaire.ResultsPhysical activity was indirectly related to psychological distress through appearance evaluation in both males and females, but the indirect effect was stronger for females than for males.ConclusionsPhysical activity may prevent distress through enhanced appearance evaluation.