bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jurisdictional Immunities and Foreign Acts of State
Authors: Grušić Uglješa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 deals with certain issues that are raised by tortious claims arising out of the external exercise of British executive authority in cooperation with other states or under the auspices of international organizations. It covers the nature and operation of the foreign act of state doctrine. It also shows that the first and second rules of the foreign act of state doctrine preclude the adjudication of certain issues under the foreign applicable law by limiting the subject-matter jurisdiction of English courts. The chapter explains that the third rule of the foreign act of state doctrine allows English courts not to exercise subject-matter jurisdiction and to take into account a range of factors for this purpose. It highlights the application of jurisdictional immunities to foreign states and international organizations.
Pleading and Proof of Foreign Law
Authors: Grušić Uglješa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 9 demonstrates that pleading and proof of foreign law is not generally mandatory for tortious claims arising out of the external exercise of British executive authority. It reviews the application of English law to tortious claims arising out of the external exercise of British executive authority that is supported by a reading of the Court of Appeal judgment in Belhaj. It also shows that pleading and proof of foreign law is not generally mandatory for tortious claims arising out of the external exercise of British executive authority. The chapter argues that the effect of Brownlie on tortious claims arising out of the external exercise of British executive authority has been that pleading and proof of foreign law is not generally mandatory for such claims. It points out that Belhaj is of dubious authority following Brownlie, although the outcome of Belhaj was correct.
Copyright and the Court of Justice of the European Union
Authors: Rosati Eleonora 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
First released in early 2019, Copyright and the Court of Justice of the European Union is still the only book completely devoted to the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the EU copyright field. It seeks to understand the Court’s role and action in the area of copyright and the resulting legacy. In his foreword to the first edition, First Advocate General Maciej Szpunar praised the ‘extremely profound analysis … of EU copyright protection and relevant Court of Justice decisions’ finding that it constituted ‘uncharted territory, unveiling new information, perhaps never considered, even by members of the Court’. Between the first and the present edition, a lot has happened in the EU copyright field. Besides macro-events like the now completed departure of the UK from the EU and the adoption of the DSM Directive (2019/790), significant developments have also occurred in the case law of the CJEU. Among other things, seminal judgments have been issued, which touch upon all the main foundational aspects of EU copyright. This new edition is thus the result of a work of substantial revision. It provides novel insights into the activity of the CJEU in the copyright field and reflects on the resulting implications for the present and future of EU copyright.
EU copyright harmonization and CJEU role and action
Authors: Rosati Eleonora 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 starts with an overview of the history and process of EU harmonization in the copyright field. It then explains the structure, composition, and work of the Court, as well as the mechanism—references for a preliminary ruling—through which the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has mostly been asked to consider copyright legislation. It provides data on selected aspects of CJEU activity, including having regard to: the areas in which cases have been referred to the Court; Member States of referring courts; intervention of EU Member States; and Judges-Rapporteur and Advocates General (AGs) who have worked on copyright cases. It concludes with a statistical analysis that shows a tendency on the side of the Court to agree with the relevant AGs when these promote expansive interpretations of relevant copyright provisions. By ‘expansive’ it is meant a situation in which the Court concluded that the activities at issue in the background proceedings and as described by the referring courts would fall within the scope of application of copyright’s exclusive rights.
Conclusion—Copyright and the CJEU: Role, action, legacy
Authors: Rosati Eleonora 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Conclusion sums up the main themes identified and reviewed throughout the book. First of all, despite the lack of formal specialization within the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), a copyright expertise has emerged through the selection of relevant Judges-Rapporteur and Advocates General (AGs) from a narrow pool. This has been one factor that has contributed to developing a consistent body of case law. Second, over time the CJEU has employed several standards that have served to address copyright issues from a certain perspective, and—admittedly—also to achieve certain results. With the application of such a rich set of standards, the Court has given an overall coherent shape to EU copyright law and, in significant instances, pushed the boundaries of EU harmonization well beyond the text—and arguably intention—of EU legislation. In this sense, the Court’s action has been informed by an overarching internal market goal. The result has been a profound impact of CJEU case law on individual EU Member States, to the point that it seems possible to speak of an EU approach to copyright. As the experience of the UK, even post-Brexit, demonstrates, CJEU case law has contributed to re-shaping key copyright concepts and approaches to copyright protection. The impact of this case law is still very strong and will continue to be felt. The legacy of CJEU case law is also apparent in the context of the EU copyright reform debate, including having regard to the DSM Directive.
Advancing precision prognostication in neuro-oncology: Machine learning models for data-driven personalized survival predictions in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma
Authors: Karabacak Mert , Jagtiani Pemla , Di Long , Shah Ashish H , Komotar Ricardo J , Margetis Konstantinos 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains associated with a dismal prognoses despite standard therapies. While population-level survival statistics are established, generating individualized prognosis remains challenging. We aim to develop machine learning (ML) models that generate personalized survival predictions for GBM patients to enhance prognostication.

Methods
Adult patients with histologically confirmed IDH-wildtype GBM from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) were analyzed. ML models were developed with TabPFN, TabNet, XGBoost, LightGBM, and Random Forest algorithms to predict mortality at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postdiagnosis. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were employed to enhance the interpretability of the models. Models were primarily evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) values, and the top-performing models indicated by the highest AUROCs for each outcome were deployed in a web application that was created for individualized predictions.

Results
A total of 7537 patients were retrieved from the NCDB. Performance evaluation revealed the top-performing models for each outcome were built using the TabPFN algorithm. The TabPFN models yielded mean AUROCs of 0.836, 0.78, 0.732, and 0.724 in predicting 6, 12, 18, and 24 month mortality, respectively.

Conclusions
This study establishes ML models tailored to individual patients to enhance GBM prognostication. Future work should focus on external validation and dynamic updating as new data emerge.
Factors associated with approaching Pilot Peer Support: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bråstad B , Jonsäll-Harris R , Melin M , Folke F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Pilot Peer Support Programs (PPSP) have been introduced in Europe as a measure to facilitate commercial pilots’ mental health help-seeking in a confidential and non-punitive manner. However, research is scarce regarding what promotes and prevents pilots from approaching PPSP.

Aims
To investigate if, and in which way, different organizational and individual factors are associated with pilots’ attitudes towards approaching PPSP, and to examine the prevalence of possible cases of depression and anxiety disorders among commercial pilots in Europe.

Methods
Data were collected using an anonymous web-based survey (n = 4494), covering pilots’ work conditions, health and flight safety. Logistic regression was used to determine the impact of objective and psychosocial work environment factors, mental health factors, and demographic factors.

Results
Key findings were that just culture (odds ratio [OR] = 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.97, 3.56), type of employment (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.46, 0.78), minimum guaranteed pay (OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.48, 2.65), and symptoms of depression (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.50, 0.76) and anxiety (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.54, 0.80) significantly predicted pilots’ attitude towards approaching PPSP. The prevalence of pilots scoring above threshold for possible depression (18%) and anxiety disorders (23%) were determined.

Conclusions
Pilot Peer Support in its current form appears to be an insufficient means to facilitate pilots’ mental health help-seeking, but could have an important preventive purpose. The findings could assist authorities and operators in developing measures to facilitate pilots’ help-seeking, and improve mental health and flight safety.
Despite short-lived changes, COVID-19 pandemic had minimal large-scale impact on citizen science participation in India
Authors: Thrikkadeeri Karthik , Viswanathan Ashwin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Many parts of the world lack the large and coordinated volunteer networks required for systematic monitoring of bird populations. In these regions, citizen science (CS) programs offer an alternative with their semi-structured data, but the utility of these data are contingent on how, where, and how comparably birdwatchers watch birds, year on year. Trends inferred from the data can be confounded during years when birdwatchers may behave differently, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. We wanted to ascertain how the data uploaded from India to one such CS platform, eBird, were impacted by this deadly global pandemic. To understand whether eBird data from the pandemic years in India are comparable to data from adjacent years, we explored several characteristics of the data, such as how often people watched birds in groups or at public locations, at multiple spatial and temporal scales. We found that the volume of data generated increased during the pandemic years 2020–2021 compared to 2019. Data characteristics changed largely only during the peak pandemic months (April–May 2020 and April–May 2021) associated with high fatality rates and strict lockdowns. These changes in data characteristics (e.g., greater site fidelity and less group birding) were possibly due to the decreased human mobility and social interaction in these periods. The data from the remainder of these restrictive years remained similar to those of the adjacent years, thereby reducing the impact of the aberrant peak months on any annual inference. Our findings show that birdwatchers in India as contributors to CS rapidly returned to their pre-pandemic behavior, and that the effects of the pandemic on birdwatching effort and birdwatcher behavior are scale- and context-dependent. In summary, eBird data from the pandemic years in India remain useful for abundance trend estimation and similar large-scale applications, but will benefit from preliminary data quality checks when utilized at a fine scale.
Perceived injustice and pain-related outcomes in children with pain conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Alpdogan Naz Y , Miller Megan M , Benallal Larbi , Royer Marie-Pier , Carrière Junie S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Research indicates that perceived injustice significantly influences pain-related outcomes and is associated with delayed recovery in adults. This systematic review examines the relationship between perceived injustice and pain-related outcomes in children with pain conditions.

Methods
A search of published studies in English in PubMed, PsychInfo, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from database inception through December 2022 were performed. The search criteria focused on studies that measured perceived injustice and pain-related outcomes in children with pain conditions. Out of 56 articles screened, 8 met the inclusion criteria, providing data on 1240 children with pain conditions.

Results
The average age of participants across all studies was 14.12 years (SD = 2.25), with 68.2% being female. There was strong evidence that higher perceived injustice is associated with worse pain intensity, functional disability, mental health outcomes, and emotional, social, and school functioning.

Conclusion
The results of this study underscore how perceptions of injustice are associated various pain-related outcomes across different domains of children’s lives. The findings highlight the need for screening and treatments targeting injustice appraisals in pediatric populations with pain conditions. The discussion addresses possible determinants and mechanisms of perceived injustice, along with implications for research and clinical practice.
Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on mental health among married women in Sri Lanka: a study based on Women’s Wellbeing Survey-2019
Authors: Gunarathne Lakma , Nedeljkovic Maja , Apputhurai Pragalathan , Bhowmik Jahar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Sri Lankan married women have been reported to experience higher rates of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, research on its impact on mental health and how socio-demographic factors contribute to this association is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of IPV on the mental health of married women in Sri Lanka.

Methods
In this study, data from 1611 married women who participated in the 2019 Sri Lankan Women’s Wellbeing Survey were analyzed. Two binary outcomes were considered: married women’s mental health and their suicidal ideation. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess the association between mental health and suicidal thoughts in relation to IPV while controlling for socio-demographic factors.

Results
The results revealed that married women who experienced any form of violence by their spouse had a higher risk of having poor mental health conditions [AOR = 2.88 (2.20, 3.78)] and suicidal thoughts [AOR = 5.84 (4.10, 8.32)] compared to those who did not experience IPV.

Conclusions
IPV is a substantial contributor to poor mental health and suicidal thoughts among Sri Lankan married women. There is an urgent need for policy interventions, such as community awareness programs, counseling services and enhanced legal protections for victims.
Management of refractory disease and persistent symptoms in inflammatory arthritis: qualitative framework analysis of interviews with patients and healthcare professionals
Authors: Chaplin Hema , Simpson Carol , Wilkins Kate , Meehan Jessica , Ng Nora , Galloway James , Scott Ian C , Sen Debajit , Tattersall Rachel , Moss-Morris Rona , Lempp Heidi , Norton Sam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to explore patients’ and clinicians’ experiences in managing and living with refractory disease (RD) and persistent physical and emotional symptoms (PPES) in patients with RA or polyarticular JIA from their perspectives through interviews and/or focus groups.

Methods
A qualitative exploration with 25 patients and 32 multidisciplinary rheumatology healthcare professionals (HCPs) was conducted to obtain participants respective understanding and experiences of managing RD/PPES and its impact on the patient–professional relationship. A pragmatic epistemology approach with framework analysis was employed.

Results
Four key themes were identified from both patients and professionals in the management of RD/PPES: risk/perpetuating factors/triggers; need for a patient-centred holistic approach to care, diagnosis and treatment; discordance and impact on the patient–practitioner relationship and current problems in managing RD/PPES. These themes covered 22 subthemes, with none being patient specific and seven being HCP specific. Suggestions for potential management strategies were highlighted throughout, such as involving other specialties or a multidisciplinary team, assessing/treating patient-reported outcome measures and psychosocial factors, patient (re)education, need for adjustments/aids or adaptations, checking the diagnosis and further investigations/imaging and optimizing medications.

Conclusion
Management strategies need to be developed that enable appropriate treatment plans for those with RD/PPES that account for wider biopsychosocial factors beyond inflammation and reduce discordance in the patient–practitioner relationship.
The Spiritual Turn and “Feminization”: Turning a Gender Lens on Spirituality
Authors: Watts Galen , Cerchiaro Francesco , Schnabel Landon 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although women and men identify as “spiritual” in similar numbers, far more women participate in the holistic milieu. We seek to solve this “gender puzzle” by fleshing out the gender scripts the holistic milieu fosters, and their varying relationships to the wider gender order. Surveying existing scholarship, we show that, for women, participation serves to naturalize a script of postfeminist femininity that combines gender essentialism with politically liberal commitments, is consonant with “difference” feminism, and holds an accommodationist relationship to the wider gender order. By contrast, for men, participation in the holistic milieu naturalizes a script of feminine masculinity (or male femininity) that, while also shaped by postfeminist culture, is comparatively counter-hegemonic, embodying a more radical challenge to the current gender order. This theoretical perspective enables us to explain not only why more women than men participate in the holistic milieu, but also why some women opt out, while some men opt in. Furthermore, it illuminates the pivotal place of gender in ongoing trends in the religious, and increasingly spiritual, landscape.
The Enchantment of Science: Aesthetics and Spirituality in Scientific Work
Authors: Nicoli Benedetta , Sbalchiero Stefano , Vaidyanathan Brandon 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Scientists have long been depicted as mainly rational, bereft of emotional and personal commitments, and disenchanted. Such a view assumes the practice of science as sterile and inoculated from aesthetic and spiritual experiences. This article questions such assumptions by investigating how scientists experience beauty, wonder, and awe in their work as a source of enchantment—a sense of awe and wonder that connects the human being to one or more objects or agents beyond the self that are perceived as having intrinsic meaning. Analyses are based on 205 in-depth interviews with biologists and physicists from India, Italy, the UK, and the USA. Building on the works of Peter Berger and Charles Taylor, we develop a theoretical framework of enchantment, which we use to illustrate the different ways science is compatible with an “enchanted” worldview, even when scientists do not explicitly talk about religion. We also contribute a new typology of three modes of enchantment—transcendent, immanent, and liminal—that enriches the sociological understanding of the relationship between science and religion.
Neurotoxic snakebite envenomation treated with Philippine cobra antivenom in the eastern Visayas: a descriptive study between 2016 and 2020
Authors: Paghubasan Jonathan , Tiglao Patrick Joseph , Aoki Yoshihiro , Tan Mariedel A , Sarsalijo Mardie S , Aquino Grace Joy B , Beronilla-Uraga Mercy Grace , Agosto Lourdes C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
There is a significant shortage of observational studies on neurotoxic snakebite envenomation in the Philippines. This lack of data, especially concerning treatment using Purified Cobra Antivenom (PCAV), has prompted the initiation of this foundational study.

Methods
The target population included snakebite patients admitted to the Eastern Visayas Medical Center and treated with PCAV between 2016 and 2020. A retrospective chart review was conducted for data collection. The investigation analyzed the hospital stay and patient features of individuals who were administered either lower or higher doses of PCAV.

Results
Eighty-two patients were identified during the study. Of these, 27 (33%) were under 20 years of age and 50 (61%) were male. Most patients, totalling 75 (92%) were hailed from rural areas. Of the 82 patients, 59 (72%) received one or two ampoules of PCAV during the course. However, patients who received more than two ampoules had a longer median hospital stay than those who received less than three ampoules [96 h (interquartile range, IQR 66–122) vs. 125 h (IQR 96–218), P = 0.038]. The study reported five in-hospital mortalities (6.1%).

Conclusions
The individuals who needed a high dosage of PCAV tended to have more extended hospital stays, yet over 70% of the patient population required a lower dosage. To gain a clearer understanding of the burden of neurotoxic snakebites and determine the optimal PCAV dosage based on disease severity in the area, a more comprehensive, prospective study is recommended.
Perturbation of tonoplast sucrose transport alters carbohydrate utilization for seasonal growth and defense metabolism in coppiced poplar
Authors: Tuma Trevor T , Nyamdari Batbayar , Hsieh Chen , Chen Yen-Ho , Harding Scott A , Tsai Chung-Jui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nonstructural carbohydrate reserves of stems and roots underpin overall tree fitness and productivity under short-rotation management practices such as coppicing for bioenergy. While sucrose and starch comprise the predominant stem carbohydrate reserves of Populus, utilization for fitness and agricultural productivity is understood primarily in terms of starch turnover. The tonoplast sucrose transport protein SUT4 modulates sucrose export from source leaves to distant sinks during photoautotrophic growth, but the possibility of its involvement in remobilizing carbohydrates from storage organs during heterotrophic growth has not been explored. Here, we used PtaSUT4-knockout mutants of Populus tremula × P. alba (INRA 717-1B4) in winter (cool) and summer (warm) glasshouse coppicing experiments to assess SUT4 involvement in reserve utilization. Conditions preceding and supporting summer sprouting were considered favorable for growth, while those preceding and supporting cool temperature sprouting were suboptimal akin to conditions associated with coppicing as generally practiced. Epicormic bud emergence was delayed in sut4 mutants following lower temperature ‘winter’ but not summer coppicing. Winter xylem hexose increases were observed in control but not in sut4 stumps after coppicing. The magnitude of starch and sucrose reserve depletion was similar in control and sut4 stumps during the winter and did not explain the sprouting and xylem hexose differences. However, winter maintenance costs appeared higher in sut4 based partly on Krebs cycle intermediate levels. In control plants, bark accrual of abundant defense metabolites, including salicinoids and condensed tannins, was higher in summer than in winter, but this increase of summer defense allocations was attenuated in sut4 mutants. Temperature-sensitive trade-offs between growth and other priorities may therefore depend on SUT4 in Populus.