bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of a continuous noninvasive hemoglobin monitor in intensive care unit patients*
Authors: Frasca Denis , Dahyot-Fizelier Claire , Catherine Karen , Levrat Quentin , Debaene Bertrand , Mimoz Olivier 
Published: June 2011

Objective:
To determine whether noninvasive hemoglobin measurement by Pulse CO-Oximetry could provide clinically acceptable absolute and trend accuracy in critically ill patients, compared to other invasive methods of hemoglobin assessment available at bedside and the gold standard, the laboratory analyzer.

Design:
Prospective study.

Setting:
Surgical intensive care unit of a university teaching hospital.

Patients:
Sixty-two patients continuously monitored with Pulse CO-Oximetry (Masimo Radical-7).

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Results:
Four hundred seventy-one blood samples were analyzed by a point-of-care device (HemoCue 301), a satellite lab CO-Oximeter (Siemens RapidPoint 405), and a laboratory hematology analyzer (Sysmex XT-2000i), which was considered the reference device. Hemoglobin values reported from the invasive methods were compared to the values reported by the Pulse CO-Oximeter at the time of blood draw. When the case-to-case variation was assessed, the bias and limits of agreement were 0.0 ± 1.0 g/dL for the Pulse CO-Oximeter, 0.3 ± 1.3g/dL for the point-of-care device, and 0.9 ± 0.6 g/dL for the satellite lab CO-Oximeter compared to the reference method. Pulse CO-Oximetry showed similar trend accuracy as satellite lab CO-Oximetry, whereas the point-of-care device did not appear to follow the trend of the laboratory analyzer as well as the other test devices.

Conclusion:
When compared to laboratory reference values, hemoglobin measurement with Pulse CO-Oximetry has absolute accuracy and trending accuracy similar to widely used, invasive methods of hemoglobin measurement at bedside. Hemoglobin measurement with pulse CO-Oximetry has the additional advantages of providing continuous measurements, noninvasively, which may facilitate hemoglobin monitoring in the intensive care unit.
Simvastatin in traumatic brain injury: Effect on brain edema mechanisms
Authors: Béziaud Tiphaine , Ru Chen Xiao , El Shafey Nelly , Fréchou Magalie , Teng Fei , Palmier Bruno , Beray-Berthat Virginie , Soustrat Mathieu , Margaill Isabelle , Plotkine Michel , Marchand-Leroux Catherine , Besson Valérie C. 
Published: June 2011

Objectives:
Traumatic brain injury causes deleterious brain edema, leading to high mortality and morbidity. Brain edema exacerbates neurologic deficits and may be attributable to the breakdown of endothelial cell junction protein, leukocyte infiltration, and matrix metalloproteinase activation. These all contribute to loss of blood–brain barrier integrity. The pleiotropic effects of statins, hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, may inhibit posttraumatic brain edema. We therefore investigated the effect of acute simvastatin on neurologic deficits, cerebral edema, and its origins.

Design:
Randomized laboratory animal study.

Settings:
University-affiliated research laboratory.

Subjects:
Male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Interventions:
Rats were subjected to lateral fluid percussion traumatic brain injury. Our preliminary dose–effect study indicated that 37.5 mg/kg simvastatin, administered orally 1 hr and 6 hrs after traumatic brain injury, has the greatest anti-edematous effect. This dose was used to study its effects on brain edema and on its mechanisms.

Measurements and Main Results:
We first assessed the effects of simvastatin 24 hrs after traumatic brain injury on brain edema, brain claudin-5 expression, and the vascular endothelial–cadherin (pTyr731)/total vascular endothelial–cadherin ratio, matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression, and polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration. We also evaluated blood–brain barrier permeability by measuring Evans blue and fluorescein sodium salt extravasation into the cerebral parenchyma. We then investigated whether simvastatin reduces neurologic deficits, edema, and blood–brain barrier permeability earlier than 24 hrs; these effects were evaluated 6 hrs after traumatic brain injury. The anti-edematous effect of simvastatin 24 hrs after traumatic brain injury was associated with increased claudin-5 and decreased intercellular adhesion molecule-1, polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration, and blood–brain barrier permeability, with no effect on matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity or vascular endothelial–cadherin phosphorylation. Earlier, 6-hrs after traumatic brain injury, simvastatin reduced neurologic deficits, cerebral edema, and blood–brain barrier permeability.

Conclusions:
Simvastatin could be a new therapy for reducing posttraumatic edema by preventing damage to tight junctions and neutrophil infiltration into the parenchyma, thus preserving blood–brain barrier integrity.
Effect of pressure support on end-expiratory lung volume and lung diffusion for carbon monoxide
Authors: Pinto Da Costa Nathalina , Di Marco Fabiano , Lyazidi Aissam , Carteaux Guillaume , Sarni Mourad , Brochard Laurent 
Published: June 2011

Objectives:
The level of pressure-support ventilation can affect mean airway pressure and potentially lung volume, but its increase is usually associated with a reduced respiratory rate, and the net effects on the gas exchange process and its components, including end-expiratory lung volume, have not been carefully studied. We measured pulmonary conductance for gas exchange based on lung diffusion for carbon monoxide in patients receiving pressure-support ventilation.

Design:
Prospective, randomized, crossover study.

Setting:
Medical intensive care unit of a university hospital.

Patients:
Sixteen patients mechanically ventilated in pressure-support ventilation mode and free from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Interventions:
Two pressure-support ventilation levels (5 cm H2O difference) at the same level of positive end-expiratory pressure.

Measurements and Main Results:
End-expiratory lung volume, lung diffusion for carbon monoxide, and SpO2/Fio2 were evaluated. Increasing pressure-support ventilation by 5 cm H2O significantly increased the mean tidal volume from 6.8 to 8.5 mL/kg of predicted body weight and decreased the mean respiratory rate by 6.6 breaths per minute. Although SpO2/Fio2 did not change significantly, there was a slight but significant decrease in lung diffusion for carbon monoxide (average decay rate of 4.5%) at high pressure-support ventilation. The pressure-support ventilation level did not significantly affect end-expiratory lung volume (1737 ± 629 mL at 9.6 ± 2.5 cm H2O pressure-support ventilation level vs. 1749 ± 657 mL at 14.9 ± 2.1 cm H2O pressure-support ventilation level).

Conclusions:
A 5-cm H2O increase in pressure-support ventilation neither affected end-expiratory lung volume nor increased the pulmonary volume participating in gas exchange. A target tidal volume closer to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight than to 8 mL/kg during pressure-support ventilation was associated with better gas exchange.
Serous fluid cytology of multicentric Castleman’s disease and other lymphoproliferative disorders associated with Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpes virus: a review with case reports
Authors: Lobo C. , Amin S. , Ramsay A. , Diss T. , Kocjan G. 
Published: June 2011

C. Lobo, S. Amin, A. Ramsay, T. Diss and G. KocjanSerous fluid cytology of multicentric Castleman’s disease and other lymphoproliferative disorders associated with Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpes virus: a review with case reportsObjective:  The aim of this study is to describe and review the cytological features of Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpes virus (KSHV) related entities, such as multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD), plasmablastic‐lymphoma (PBL) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), which all may present as body cavity effusions. Serous fluid cytology of MCD and PBL has not, to our knowledge, thus far been described. Although different in nature, MCD, PBL and PEL are characterized by similar morphological features.Materials and methods:  Body cavity effusions from four different patients with previously known or unknown KSHV‐related lymphoproliferations have been examined by routine cytology, immunocytochemistry (IC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results:  MCD, PBL and PEL are all characterized by increased cellularity, comprising mainly lymphoid and plasmacytoid cells with variable proportions of immunoblasts. Immunocytochemistry and PCR results show the MCD to be CD138 and KSHV positive, CD30 negative, IgM, IgH and lambda restricted but IgH polyclonal. PBL was CD138 positive, kappa restricted, weakly positive with VS38 and over 80% positive with MIB 1. PEL was CD45, EMA, CD138, KSHV, p53 and CD3 positive, CD20, EBV, CD30, CD2, CD4, ALK1, epithelial and mesothelial markers negative, and PCR monoclonal B‐cell expanded (Ig‐kappa bands).Conclusion:  Cytological examination of effusions in KSHV‐related lymphoproliferative disorders may show similar morphological features but clonality studies and immunocytochemistry are very helpful in distinguishing between these rare benign and malignant lymphoproliferative diseases.
Loss of capacity to recover from acidosis on repeat exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome: a case–control study
Authors: Jones David E. J. , Hollingsworth Kieren G. , Jakovljevic Djordje G. , Fattakhova Gulnar , Pairman Jessie , Blamire Andrew M. , Trenell Michael I. , Newton Julia L. 
Published: June 2011

Eur J Clin Invest 2011AbstractBackground  Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients frequently describe difficulties with repeat exercise. Here, we explore muscle bioenergetic function in response to three bouts of exercise.Methods  A total of 18 CFS (CDC 1994) patients and 12 sedentary controls underwent assessment of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), repeat exercise with magnetic resonance spectroscopy and cardio‐respiratory fitness test to determine anaerobic threshold.Results  Chronic fatigue syndrome patients undertaking MVC fell into two distinct groups: 8 (45%) showed normal PCr depletion in response to exercise at 35% of MVC (PCr depletion >33%; lower 95% CI for controls); 10 CFS patients had low PCr depletion (generating abnormally low MVC values). The CFS whole group exhibited significantly reduced anaerobic threshold, heart rate, VO2, VO2 peak and peak work compared to controls. Resting muscle pH was similar in controls and both CFS patient groups. However, the CFS group achieving normal PCr depletion values showed increased intramuscular acidosis compared to controls after similar work after each of the three exercise periods with no apparent reduction in acidosis with repeat exercise of the type reported in normal subjects. This CFS group also exhibited significant prolongation (almost 4‐fold) of the time taken for pH to recover to baseline.Conclusion  When exercising to comparable levels to normal controls, CFS patients exhibit profound abnormality in bioenergetic function and response to it. Although exercise intervention is the logical treatment for patients showing acidosis, any trial must exclude subjects who do not initiate exercise as they will not benefit. This potentially explains previous mixed results in CFS exercise trials.
Early response of the platypus to climate warming
Authors: Klamt Melissa , Thompson Ross , Davis Jenny 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCombining a climatic envelope modelling technique with more than two centuries (1800–2009) of distribution records has revealed the effects of a changing climate on the egg‐laying monotreme, the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. We show that the main factor associated with platypus occurrence switched from aquatic habitat availability (estimated by rainfall) to thermal tolerances (estimated by annual maximum temperature) in the 1960s. This correlates directly with the change in the annual maximum temperature anomaly from cooler to warmer conditions in southeastern Australia. Modelling of platypus habitat under emission scenarios (A1B, A2, B1 and B2) revealed large decreases (>30%) in thermally suitable habitat by 2070. This reduction, compounded by increasing demands for water for agriculture and potable use, suggests that there is real cause for concern over the future status of this species, and highlights the need for restoration of thermal refugia within the platypus’ modelled range.
A survey evaluating nurses’ perception and expectations towards the role of pharmacist in Pakistan’s healthcare system
Authors: Azhar Saira , Hassali Mohamed Azmi , Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Izham , Saleem Fahad , Siow Yen Liau 
Published: June 2011

azhar s., hassali m.a., mohamed ibrahim m.i., saleem f. & siow yen l. (2012) A survey evaluating nurses’ perception and expectations towards the role of pharmacist in Pakistan’s healthcare system. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(1), 199–205.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study of nurses’ perception towards the role of pharmacist in Pakistan healthcare setup.Background.  Collaborative care by the healthcare professionals has the potential to improve patient care, enhance patient safety and to reduce workload issues that cause burn out among healthcare professionals.Design.  A quantitative (cross‐sectional) study design was adopted.Method.  A sample of 458 nurses was selected from government hospitals of three cities of Punjab, Pakistan. The study took place from 10 January 2009 to 15 March 2009.Results.  Two hundred and sixty‐six questionnaires were returned, giving the response rate of (58·07%). Three‐fifths of the nurses reported that they had once a day interaction with the pharmacist. Seven‐tenths of the nurses expected the pharmacist to take personal responsibility for resolving any drug‐related problems. Moreover they appear to have high expectations of the pharmacist, almost nine‐tenths regarded pharmacists as knowledgeable drug therapy experts, and almost two‐thirds of the nurses emphasized on counselling of patient by the pharmacist.Conclusion.  Nurses in Pakistan showed negative perception towards the role of pharmacist in healthcare setting. Although nurses considered pharmacist as a drug information expert but their expectation did not match their experience. A possible factor for this behaviour could be due to nurses’ belief that incorporating the role of pharmacist in patient care, may decrease their worth and can result in intrusion into their duties.
Complementary and alternative medicine in children attending gastroenterology clinics: Usage patterns and reasons for use
Authors: Wadhera Veena , Lemberg Daniel A , Leach Steven T , Day Andrew S 
Published: June 2011

Background:  The use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) appears to be increasing. This cross‐sectional study aimed to assess the use of CAM in children, investigate factors influencing their use and attitudes towards them and to contrast to previous usage patterns.Methods:  Parents of children attending gastroenterology outpatient clinics at a tertiary paediatric hospital completed a questionnaire providing details of CAM usage, awareness and attitudes.Results:  Sixty‐nine percent of the 98 respondents were using or had used CAM (n= 66). Nutritional supplements (n= 37, 56% of CAM users) and probiotics (n= 33, 50%) were most commonly used. Most CAM users sought complementary therapy to help a chronic problem (n= 43, 69.4%) and had been referred by a friend or family member (n= 33, 53.2%). Self‐reported well‐being was associated with CAM use (P= 0.0009) and CAM were described as partially effective by 40 parents (67.8%). Forty‐six parents (75.4%) expressed that they would use CAM again. Seventy‐two respondents (80%) believed that doctors should support the use of CAM.Conclusion:  Children attending this gastroenterology clinic are commonly given CAM. Awareness and acceptance of CAM by carers of children with gastroenterology conditions is high.
Vincristine pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics in children with cancer: A limited‐sampling, population modelling approach
Authors: Moore Andrew S , Norris Ross , Price Gareth , Nguyen Thu , Ni Ming , George Rani , van Breda Karin , Duley John , Charles Bruce , Pinkerton Ross 
Published: June 2011

Background:  Vincristine is a key component of many childhood cancer treatment regimens. Pharmacodynamic parameters such as clinical efficacy and toxicity may be influenced by polymorphisms of CYP3A.Aim:  The aim of this study was to document CYP3A5 genotype, vincristine pharmacokinetics (PK) and neurotoxicity profile for 50 children with cancer and determine whether, in a population of Australian children, the CYP3A5 genotype influenced the pharmacodynamics of vincristine as reflected by peripheral neurotoxicity.Methods:  Blood for PK analysis was collected after any single dose of vincristine and assayed using high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection. CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A5*6 genotype was determined using gel‐electrophoresis or automated microfluidic electrophoresis. Neurotoxicity was determined by physical examination.Results:  The median age of children sampled was 6.5 years (range 1–16.25). Half the patients received concurrent corticosteroids for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Six patients (12%) had experienced grade 3 or 4 neurotoxicity. The median clearance, area under the curve and Cmax of vincristine was 482 mL/min/m2 (range 132–698), 49.7 mcg/L.h (16.5–143.1) and 3.5 mcg/L (1.0–31.2), respectively. In contrast to prediction, all but three children were homozygous for wild‐type CYP3A5*3. No CYP3A5*6 polymorphisms were identified.Conclusions:  No correlation was identified between vincristine clearance, vincristine neurotoxicity, age, sex or concomitant steroid therapy. The limited sampling methodology proved acceptable to patients and families and would be suitable for larger scale studies including a wider range of genotypic variants and more detailed prospective evaluation of neurotoxicity.
Stimulant medication in pre‐school children in New South Wales
Authors: Eysbouts Yalcke , Poulton Alison , Salmelainen Pia 
Published: June 2011

Aims:  The aims of this study were: (i) to examine the annual treatment rate of children under 4 years from 1997 to 2006; (ii) to compare their treatment rate and attrition with that of children starting treatment at the modal age; (iii) to describe the clinical characteristics of children aged less than 4 years and their response to stimulant medication for the treatment of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder.Methods:  Retrospective study of electronic prescription and authority records of the New South Wales Department of Health and a review of clinical reports.Results:  The annual treatment initiation rate for children under 4 years showed a progressive decline over the decade. In 2001, 13.6% of the children starting treatment were aged 7 years (modal age); those aged <4 years represented 1.1% of the total. There was no significant difference in attrition rate between these two groups. For those aged <4 years with clinical reports available (n= 235), oppositional behaviour and developmental problems were reported frequently (78 and 43%, respectively). Non‐pharmacological interventions were implemented in 77% and non‐stimulant medications were prescribed in 50%. For 76% of children, an improvement in behaviour was reported after stimulant therapy.Conclusions:  Children treated with stimulant medication aged <4 years were a small subgroup with a high rate of co‐morbidity. The majority were perceived to have a favourable response to stimulant medication. However, there was a disturbingly high rate of prescribing of other psychotropic medications of known toxicity and unproven efficacy.
Photodynamic diagnosis of positive margin during radical prostatectomy: Preliminary experience with 5‐aminolevulinic acid
Authors: Fukuhara Hideo , Inoue Keiji , Satake Hirofumi , Tamura Kenji , Karashima Takashi , Yamasaki Ichiro , Tatsuo Iiyama , Kurabayashi Atsushi , Furihata Mutsuo , Shuin Taro 
Published: June 2011

Objectives:  To investigate the feasibility of intraoperative photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) by 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) for the identification of positive surgical margins (PSM) during retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa).Methods:  Intraoperative PDD was carried out in 16 patients with pathologically confirmed PCa by biopsy of the apex, or carrying >25% of probability of extraprostatic extension as defined by Japan PC Table. Before operation, 1.0 g of ALA was given orally. During open RRP, the resection margins inside the body were examined by PDD system with a fluorescence laparoscope. After their removal, 12 harvested prostates were divided and also investigated by PDD. Red fluorescent‐positive lesions were biopsied and compared with the pathological result.Results:  All 16 patients were fluorescence‐negative inside the body, and negative margins were pathologically confirmed during PDD. Among the 43 specimens of 12 cases obtained by biopsy under PDD, 11 specimens (25.6%) were pathologically diagnosed as malignant tissue (adenocarcinoma, 10 specimens; high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, 1 specimen) and 19 specimens (44.2%) were evaluated as positive fluorescence by PDD with a sensitivity of 81.8%, a specificity of 68.8% and a predictive accuracy of 72.1%. No side‐effects were observed and the procedures were well tolerated.Conclusions:  PDD mediated by ALA during RRP might be a feasible and safe modality for detection of surgical margins. Further prospective randomized studies with larger populations are required.
Development of male reproductive system of the blue land crab Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1828 (Decapoda: Gecarcinidae)
Authors: Shinozaki‐Mendes Renata A. , Silva José R.F. , Hazin Fábio H.V. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractShinozaki‐Mendes, R.A., Silva, J.R.F. and Hazin, F.H.V. 2011. Development of male reproductive system of the blue land crab Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1828 (Decapoda: Gecarcinidae). —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 93: 390–399.In this study, the reproductive tract of the Cardisoma guanhumi was described both macroscopically and microscopically. The maturation stages of the reproductive system were defined, and the development of germ cells was described. The reproductive tract is made up of a pair of testis, a pair of vas deferentia, and a pair of ejaculatory ducts. The germ cells were classified in the order of development as spermatogonia (diameter: 10.5 ± 0.11 μm), spermatocytes (9.7 ± 0.07 μm), spermatids (initial phase: 5.5 ± 0.06 μm; final phase: 4.3 ± 0.05), and spermatozoa (SPZ) (4.0 ± 0.03 μm). The testis is made up of a germ zone, a maturation zone and collector ducts, which lead to the anterior vas deferens (AVD), containing solely SPZ. The spermatophores (SPH) start to be formed in the AVD, through the secretion of spermatophoric and protein matrices. In the median vas deferens, the SPH, already fully formed, are stored, while in the posterior vas deferens, a large production of a glycoprotein matrix is observed. Based on macroscopic and microscopic description of the male reproductive tract, three maturation stages are proposed: immature, maturing, and mature.