bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caries Experience of Chinese Children with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: King Nigel M. , Wong Wai Lan , Wong Hai Ming 
Published: March 2012

Objective This study evaluated the caries experience in the primary teeth of children with and without cleft lip and palate (CLP). Design Observational study. Setting Dental hospital clinic. Patients The sample consisted of 132 pairs of Chinese children with and without CLP matched by gender, age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Their ages were between 2 and 7 years. Methods The children were dichotomized into 2- to 4-year-old (n = 71) and 5- to 7-year-old groups (n = 61). The oral examination was performed by one trained and calibrated dentist, and the caries experience was determined using the dmft (decay missing filled teeth) index. Results For the 2- to 4-year-old group, the dmft values were 1.5 for the cleft group and 1.6 for the non-CLP group, but the difference was not statistically significant. For the 5- to 7-year-old group, the dmft indices were 5.2 for the cleft group compared with 2.9 for the control group; this difference was statistically significant ( p = .0006). The caries rate for the various tooth types in the 5- to 7-year-old group was higher in the CLP group than in the non-CLP group; the most marked difference was for the lateral incisors, mandibular molars, and maxillary left first molars ( p = .0001). Conclusions The 5- to 7-year-old children with CLP had a higher caries experience in the primary dentition than the children without CLP.
Solution of Complex Tasks during Implementation of a Project for Construction, Survey and Testing of Exploration Wells in Kirinsky Block on the Sakhalin Shelf
Authors: Tsemkalo M.. , Sorokin D.. , Zorina S.. , Zaprometov A.. , Zhdaneev O.. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This paper discusses the hydrocarbons exploration project in the conditions of the Russian continental shelf, at the examples of exploration wells Kirinskaya-2, Kirinskaya-3 and Yuzhno-Kirinskaya-1, in the Kirinskiy license block, offshore Sakhalin Island.
Operations were held in summer seasons of 2009 and 2010, and comprised planning, key risks analysis and mitigation, optimization of drilling, well logging and testing technology mix. Technical specifics of the projects were caused by insufficiently developed infrastructure, short operation period (from summer to early autumn), simultaneous operations from a number of semi-submersible drilling rigs (2010), and necessity of quick decision making in real time.

Technical input
Systematic selection of well logging technologies and testing program, data integration for further wildcatting and exploration drilling tasks; Description of problems and complications while well drilling, logging and testing and remedial measures. A list of preparatory works for project implementation was compiled at the early planning stage. Organization and personnel qualification requirements were described. Time-schedule breakdown was provided for each type of operations. Issues of logistics and customs regulation related to mobilization of personnel, materials, and equipment were discussed.
The paper was divided into the following sections: Project Planning: Schedule CompilingEstimating Key Risks of Project ImplementationProject Participants Cooperation ArrangementLogging-While-Drilling, Wireline logging and Well Testing technology mix OptimizationLogistics and Customs SupportTime Efficiency Analysis by the types of operations: Case StudyQHSE IssuesLessons Learned and Operation Efficiency Enhancement potential

Application
The described approach could be used for exploration drilling and completion project implementation in the Russian offshore environment. The lessons learned will be used by the project participants at the next Russian offshore drilling projects.

Results
The Project was successfully implemented within the schedule. The selected technological complex enabled to find efficient solution to specified geological tasks.
Exostoses on the palmar or plantar aspect of the diaphysis of the third metacarpal or metatarsal bone in horses: 16 cases (2001–2010)
Authors: Bertoni Lélia , Forresu Daniela , Coudry Virginie , Audigie Fabrice , Denoix Jean-Marie 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Objective—To characterize the clinical features, diagnostic procedures, treatment, and outcome for horses with an exostosis on the palmar or plantar cortex of the third metacarpal bone (MC3) or third metatarsal bone (MT3).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—16 horses.
Procedures—Records from 2001 through 2010 were evaluated to identify horses with radiographic and ultrasonographic evidence of an exostosis on an MC3 or MT3. Signalment, history, lameness examination results, diagnostic imaging results, surgical and histopathologic findings, treatment, and outcome were evaluated.
Results—9 horses (group A) had unilateral lameness of the exostosis-affected limb that was alleviated with local or perineural analgesia. Seven horses (group B) had inconsistent lameness of the affected limb. The exostosis was located between the middle and distal third of the MC3 or MT3 in all horses. Desmopathy or peritendinous fibrosis (or both) of the suspensory ligament at the exostosis site was identified in 6 horses. All horses in group A returned to full function after conservative or surgical management. Lameness did not recur in any of the horses in group B despite no treatment or only conservative management.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Exostosis of the palmar cortex of an MC3 or plantar cortex of an MT3 should be considered as a cause of lameness in horses. The diagnosis can be made by the use of radiography and ultrasonography combined with specific diagnostic analgesia. Prognosis for return to athletic activity can be good but should be modified contingent on concurrent desmopathy of the suspensory ligament.
Reorienting Leadership Styles for Sustainable Education
Authors: Oyetunji Christianah 
Published: March 2012

Reorienting Leadership Styles for Sustainable EducationThis paper describes the leadership style which can sustain education in Botswana community junior secondary schools (CJSS). The concept was examined based on the policy of education in Botswana, Botswana's vision for 2016 and the current situation in schools. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews from a random sample of community junior secondary school teachers and head-teachers in Botswana. The data suggests that the head-teacher's leadership style affects teachers' and pupils' attitude towards a job and studies and that a participatory leadership style promotes sustainable education in schools. These findings can be useful for education policy makers, school administrators and researchers seeking to promote sustainable improvement in education.
From the manuscript to the screen: Implementing electronic editions of mediaeval handwritten material
Authors: Calle-Martín Javier , Miranda-García Antonio 
Published: March 2012

From the manuscript to the screen: Implementing electronic editions of mediaeval handwritten material
This paper describes the electronic editing of the Middle English material housed in the Hunterian Collection at Glasgow University Library (GUL), a joint project undertaken by the universities of Málaga, Glasgow, Oviedo, Murcia and Jaén which pursues the compilation of an electronic corpus of mediaeval Fachprosa in the vernacular (http://hunter.filosofia.uma.es/manuscripts). The paper therefore addresses the concept of electronic editing as applied to The corpus of Late Middle English scientific prose with the following objectives: (a) to describe the editorial principles and the theoretical implications adopted; and (b) to present the digital layout and the tool implemented for data retrieval. A diplomatic approach is then proposed wherein the editorial intervention is kept to a minimum. Accordingly, features such as lineation, punctuation and emendations are every now and then accurately reproduced as by the scribe's hand whilst abbreviations are yet expanded in italics. GUL MS Hunter 497, holding a 15th-century English version of Aemilius Macer's De viribus herbarum, will be used as a sample demonstration (Calle-Martín - Miranda-García, forthcoming).
The breakup of Old English to-infinitive: Causes and consequences
Authors: Jarad Najib 
Published: March 2012

The breakup of Old English to-infinitive: Causes and consequences
The main goal of this paper is to account for the recategorisation of the Old English to-infinitive and the consequent rise of for before the Middle English to-infinitive. We argue that the loss of D feature has two consequences. The first consequence is that V?to-D movement was lost resulting in the break-up of the (morphological and) syntactic unity of the to-infinitive. The second consequence, a consequence of the first consequence, concerns the appearance of the so-called split infinitive, i.e. the development of a preverbal adverb, negation and object position. This crucial evidence marks the drift of the infinitive towards VP behaviour. Given that D was lost in early Middle English (i.e. 1150-1200) and the split infinitive appeared in the 13th century, the paper concludes that the change from a PP to a TP status was gradual and not simultaneous with other changes.
Living in the face of menacing ‘unreason’ - Martin Amis's The second plane as a response to ideological fundamentalisms
Authors: Bartnik Ryszard 
Published: March 2012

Living in the face of menacing ‘unreason’ - Martin Amis's The second plane as a response to ideological fundamentalisms
This work touches upon Martin Amis's diagnosis of the Western world and its cultural foundations which seem to have been threatened, as maintained by the author, by a specific form of "de-Enlightenment" (2008). Amis, a repository of Western intellectual ethos, steps to the fore to defend reason. In view of the world's unrests, he fosters a thorough investigation of public beliefs, either of a religious or political nature, highlighting how deeply individual freedom has been censored and imperiled by various fundamentalisms. In his highly controversial, often blasphemous, collection of essays and short stories titled The second plane Amis renounces in an uncompromising way religious militancy, intellectual insularity, and political dogmatism. Politically incorrect and willfully offensive, the novelist appears unsparing in his criticism of Islamic integrity and right-wing ‘theological’ intransigence. My intention, thus, is to discuss Amis's overall standpoint referring both to the short story "The last days of Muhammad Atta" and a number of his articles written between 2002-2007.
Dubious American license: The first in flight
Authors: Semrau Janusz 
Published: March 2012

Dubious American license: The first in flight
The symbols, colours and slogans on vehicle registration plates are part and parcel of the United States iconography. While not everybody relates readily to Ohio's license plate motto "Birthplace of Aviation", everybody seems to know North Carolina's motto "First in Flight". (Although the Wright brothers came from Ohio they chose North Carolina as the site for their 1903 groundbreaking experiment.) With the open horizon as the obligatory conceit of the U.S. landscape, North Carolina's license plate projects a homonymic mis-association with the dominant motif of American popular cultural discourse recognized emblematically by Leslie Fiedler (1960: 318) as the razzle-dazzle of escape.
The B-effect, or: How to do literary criticism with a nuclear power-plant
Authors: Stachura Paweł 
Published: March 2012

The B-effect, or: How to do literary criticism with a nuclear power-plant
The essay, in the process of making its meta-critical point, reviews the collection Co-memorative essays on Herman Melville's ‘Bartleby the scriverner’ edited by Janusz Semrau (2009). The collection was published almost simultaneously with the new Polish translation of Melville's story, published as a companion volume with Gilles Deleuze's and Giorgio Agamben's pertinent essays (Melville 2009). There follows a wave of interest among Polish critics, which amounts to a new, local Bartleby industry (Czaplińki 2009; Jankowicz 2009; Kapela 2010). This review is inspired by one important example, a lecture delivered on March 24th, at the Department of Polish Studies of Poznań's Adam Mickiewicz University, in which one of the preeminent Polish literary critics presented the ‘melancholic vampire’, the predatory writer, the walking death that lingers, does not want to go, stalks, and sucks out the life of his friends and admirers. Although the speech was primarily about Arthur Miller, Bartleby loomed (stalked) behind, until he surfaced, with a reference to the new Polish translation.
Applying CEAS method to UV, VIS, and IR spectroscopy sensors
Authors: Wojtas J. , Mikolajczyk J. , Nowakowski M. , Rutecka B. , Medrzycki R. , Bielecki Z. 
Published: March 2012

Applying CEAS method to UV, VIS, and IR spectroscopy sensorsIn the paper, several applications of Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (CEAS) for trace mater detection are described. NO2sensor was constructed using this technique with blue-violet lasers (395-440 nm). The sensor sensitivity reaches the level of single ppb and it was applied in security portal. For detection of two gases at the same time, two-channel sensor was constructed. Used method allows a significant reduction in the cost of optoelectronic CEAS sensor designed to measure of concentrations of many gases simultaneously. Successful monitoring of N2O and NO in the air requires high precision mid-infrared spectroscopy. The constructed sensors are able to measure concentration at ppb level. These sensors might be used for monitoring of atmospheric purity as well as for detection of explosives.
Transmitter with quantum cascade laser for free space optics communication system
Authors: Gutowska M. , Pierścińska D. , Nowakowski M. , Pierściński K. , Szabra D. , Mikołajczyk J. , Wojtas J. , Bielecki Z. 
Published: March 2012

Transmitter with quantum cascade laser for free space optics communication system
The paper presents results of experimental tests of the quantum cascade laser from Alpes Lasers company in terms of its application in the optic communication system in an open space. The measurements involved the current - voltage characteristics while measuring also the average power of emitted radiation, and spectral characteristics for different temperatures and different laser pulse durations. The duration of laser pulses was matched to parameters used in telecommunication interfaces. The construction of the transmitter module which uses the tested laser is also presented.
Solution growth of ZnO sub-micro rods enhanced by electric field
Authors: Pisarkiewicz T. , Kenig T. , Rydosz A. , Maziarz W. 
Published: March 2012

Solution growth of ZnO sub-micro rods enhanced by electric fieldRecently the one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures have attracted much attention in gas sensor applications owing to their increased role of the surface. The authors have obtained ZnO rods of sub-micron size using the solution growth method with the growth temperature below 100°C. Investigations indicate that the rods have a well-defined hexagonal morphology and a wurtzite structure. The best uniformity and alignment of the sub-micron crystals was however obtained when electrodeposition from aqueous solution was developed. Sizes of these rods depend on the growth parameters. Moreover electrodeposition leads to a faster growth rate of ZnO sub-micron rods (2 hrs) as compared to the growth from solution (8 hrs). After electrodeposition the rods can be easily reoriented in external electric fields by using substrates with electrodes of appropriate geometry and configuration (dielectrophoretic effect). This enables the preparation of samples which can be used in gas sensor technology.
Noninvasive acoustic blood volume measurement system for the POLVAD prosthesis
Authors: Opilski Z. , Konieczny G. , Pustelny T. , Gacek A. , Kustosz R. , Gawlikowski M. 
Published: March 2012

Noninvasive acoustic blood volume measurement system for the POLVAD prosthesisThe following paper presents researches concerning a noninvasive real-time blood volume measurement system applied in POLVAD prosthesis. The system is based on the acoustic Helmholtz resonator principle. The basis of the measurement method, followed by the preliminary tests of the possibility of incorporating the Helmholtz resonance idea into the POLVAD prosthesis is shown. The paper includes the actual measurement system construction and test results, both static and dynamic obtained at the Foundation for Cardiac Surgery Development in Zabrze, Poland. Conclusions and future plans are presented too.
Intravascular low-power laser illumination through special fiber diffusers
Authors: Beres-Pawlik E. , Derkacz A. 
Published: March 2012

Intravascular low-power laser illumination through special fiber diffusersThis paper presents the method of intravascular endothelial cell illumination with low-power laser radiation. Some special instruments were prepared, including designed fiber diffusers. The technical parameters of the set-up and the results of arterial system treatment with illumination instruments are presented.
Detection of illicit chemicals by portable Raman spectrometer
Authors: Smulko J. , Kwiatkowski A. , Gnyba M. 
Published: March 2012

Detection of illicit chemicals by portable Raman spectrometer
The Raman spectrometers can be built as the portable devices and can be used in various places to detect illicit chemicals. This method has become popular due to deficiency of other fast methods that could be applied against terrorist attacks or could help police at their work. The Conception of a portable Raman spectrometer has been presented. The Description enclosures the presentation of the prepared device and its possible applications by presenting exemplary detection results.
Properties of the power conditioning system with a five-level cascaded converter and supercapacitor energy storage
Authors: Zygmanowski M. , Grzesik B. , Michalak J. 
Published: March 2012

Properties of the power conditioning system with a five-level cascaded converter and supercapacitor energy storage
The paper presents the power conditioning system (PCS) with a five-level cascaded H-bridge converter and supercapacitor energy storage. The paper focuses on such properties of a power electronic converter as its operation, power losses, start-up as well as the DC-link voltage balancing method and controller. A laboratory model of the PCS and its test results have been presented.
Three-phase soft-switching inverter with coupled inductors, experimental results
Authors: Karyś S. 
Published: March 2012

Three-phase soft-switching inverter with coupled inductors, experimental results
This paper presents experimental results of the three-phase soft-switching inverter with coupled inductors that verify the control method influence on efficiency improvement. Different kinds of control methods were tested on the 6 kW experimental inverter. A short discussion on a few design methods of the resonant tank elements was made. Experimental results confirm that the advanced control algorithm and the proposed new design method of the resonant tank elements significantly increase the efficiency of this resonant inverter.
Efficiency improvement due to direct torque and flux three levels three areas control method applied to small hydroelectric power plant
Authors: Kulikowski K. , Sikorski A. 
Published: March 2012

Efficiency improvement due to direct torque and flux three levels three areas control method applied to small hydroelectric power plant
The paper presents a description of a new DTFC3L3A (direct torque and flux control three levels three areas) control method of induction machine as well as its comparison with the DTC method. The basis for the comparison is the switching frequency of described methods. The proposed method is optimized to reduce number of switchings (which is proportional to switching power losses) in static state, as well as it takes into account the δ angle which makes it possible to obtain a sinusoidal shape of flux within range of low angular frequencies of an asynchronous machine. The paper includes the results of experiments performed on a three level DC/AC inverter for both control methods.
The Management of Injuries to the Medial Side of the Knee
Authors: Laprade Robert F. , Wijdicks Coen A. 
Published: March 2012

Synopsis Injuries to the medial side of the knee are the most common knee ligament injuries. The majority of injuries occur in young athletes during sporting events, with the usual mechanism involving a valgus contact, tibial external rotation, or a combined valgus and external rotation force delivered to the knee. Although most complete grade III medial knee injuries heal, some do not, which can lead to continued instability. For these patients, a thorough understanding of the presenting history and a physical examination are important because these injuries can often be confused with posterolateral corner injuries. The main anatomic structures of the medial side of the knee are the superficial medial collateral ligament, deep medial collateral ligament, and posterior oblique ligament. In addition, accurately locating 3 bony prominences over the medial aspect of the knee—the adductor tubercle, gastrocnemius tubercle, and medial epicondyle—is important to conduct a proper physical examination and for surgical repairs and reconstructions. Clinical diagnosis of medial knee injuries is primarily performed via the application of a valgus stress in full extension and at 30° of knee flexion. In addition, an examination of the amount of anteromedial tibial rotation is performed at 90° of flexion, while the dial test, performed at 30° and 90° of flexion, is important because it evaluates for rotational abnormalities. Valgus stress radiographs are useful to objectively determine the amount of medial compartment gapping and to discern whether there is medial or lateral compartment gapping when a medial or posterolateral corner knee injury cannot be differentiated, especially with a chronic injury. The majority of acute grade III medial knee injuries will heal after a nonoperative rehabilitation program. In most instances when there is a knee dislocation or multiligament injury, a primary repair with sutures may be indicated. In severe midsubstance injuries or chronic medial knee injuries, an anatomic medial knee reconstruction with grafts may be indicated. Rehabilitation principles for acute medial knee injuries involve controlling edema, regaining range of motion, and avoiding any significant stress on the healing ligaments. A well-guided rehabilitation program can result in excellent functional outcomes in the majority of patients. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(3):221–233. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3624
Recent Advances in the Rehabilitation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Wilk Kevin E. , Macrina Leonard C. , Cain E. Lyle , Dugas Jeffrey R. , Andrews James R. 
Published: March 2012

Synopsis Rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament surgery continues to change, with the current emphasis being on immediate weight bearing and range of motion, and progressive muscular strengthening, proprioception, dynamic stability, and neuromuscular control drills. The rehabilitation program should be based on scientific and clinical research and focus on specific drills and exercises designed to return the patient to the desired functional goals. The goal is to return the patient's knee to homeostasis and the patient to his or her sport or activity as safely as possible. Unique rehabilitation techniques and special considerations for the female athlete will also be discussed. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with a thorough scientific basis for anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation based on graft selection, patient population, and concomitant injuries. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(3):153–171. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3741