bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional Flow Simulation on High‐Performance Computers
Authors: Schulz H. , Greim R. , Volgmann W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDie vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt eine numerische Methode zur Berechnung dreidimensionaler, stationärer, inkompressibler, reibungsbehafteter Strömungen. Die Erhaltungsgleichungen für Masse und Impuls und die Gleichungen des k, ϵ‐Turbulenzmodells werden mit einem Finite‐Volumen‐Verfahren auf nicht‐orthogonalen, konturangepaßten Netzen gelöst. Es werden kartesische Geschwindigkeitskomponenten benutzt und die Variablen im Zellmittelpunkt abgespeichert. Der SIMPLE‐Algorithmus wird verwendet, um den Druck zu berechnen und die Massenerhaltung zu gewährleisten. Der Rechencode ist weitestgehend vektorisierbar, um eine optimale Rechenleistung auf modernen Vektorrechnern zu erzielen. Ergebnisse laminarer und turbulenter Strömungsrechnungen in 90°‐Krümmern mit kreisförmigen und quadratischen Querschnitten sowie im Leitrad eines hydrodynamischen Drehmomentwandlers werden vorgestellt.
Diametrical Inclusion Disk for Zn
Authors: Trajković M. , Petković L. J. D. , Petković M. S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn dieser Arbeit geben wir die Lösung eines offenen Problems an, das in der Konstruktion der bestmöglichen zirkularen Einschließungsapproximation D für die komplexwertige Menge besteht, die man unter den Transformationen z → zn einer gegebenen Kreisscheibe Z erhält. Der Durchmesser der Einschließungsscheibe D ist gleich dem Durchmesser des abgebildeten Gebietes Zn = {zn:z ϵ Z}.
Computation of Integrals over the Half‐Line Involving Products of Bessel Functions, with Application to Microwave Transmission Lines
Authors: Ikonomou M. , Köhler P. , Jacob A. F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWir betrachten die numerische Berechnung von Integralen der Form . Derartige Integrale treten z. B. bei der Charakterisierung von planaren Leitungen im Mikrowellenbereich auf, wenn das Galerkin‐Verfahren im Spektralbereich angewendet wird. Wenn die Funktion f nur langsam abklingt, ist, wegen der Überlagerung unterschiedlicher Oszillationen, die effiziente Berechnung derartiger Integrale mit Standardmethoden kaum möglich. Die hier dargestellte Methode besteht darin, die Bessel‐Funktionen durch asymptotische Entwicklungen zu ersetzen und den Integrationsweg ins Komplexe abzuändern. Anschließend werden Gauss‐Laguerre‐Quadraturformeln angewendet. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, mit einer kleinen Anzahl von Auswertungen der Funktion f diese Integrale mit hoher Genauigkeit zu berechnen.
Limiting Case for the Motion of a Rigid Body About a Fixed Point in the Newtonian Force Field
Authors: El‐Barki F. A. , Ismail A. I. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Bewegung eines festen Körpers um einen festen Punkt in einem zentralen Newtonschen Kraftfeld betrachtet. Es wird angenommen, daß das Massenzentrum des Körpers nicht notwendig mit dem festen Punkt zusammenfällt und daß dessen Trägheitsellipsoid beliebig ist. In die Betrachtung wird mit einbezogen, daß der Körper eine hinreichend große Anfangswinkelgeschwindigkeit (r0) um die kleine oder die große Hauptachse des Trägheitsellipsoids hat und daß der Parameter (l/r0) klein ist. Die Bewegungsgleichungen und deren verfügbare erste Integrale werden auf ein quasilineares autonomes System mit zwei Freiheitsgraden und mit einem ersten Integral reduziert. Es werden die Methode von Poincaré [1] und deren Modifikationen [2] und [3] angewendet, um periodische Lösungen für das erhaltene autonome System in dem Falle zu konstruieren, wenn zwei Frequenzen des erzeugenden Systems verschieden, aber kommensurabel sind (mit Ausnahme von w = 1/2, 1, 2). Wir beschränken uns darauf, solche Lösungen und die Ausdrücke für die Eulerschen Winkel für den Grenzfall γ ≈ 0 zu bestimmen. Schließlich wird ein Runge‐Kutta‐Verfahren der Ordnung 4 [4] angewendet, um die numerischen Lösungen des autonomen Systems zu untersuchen. Danach werden graphische Darstellungen sowohl für die numerische als auch für die analytische Lösung gewonnen. Ein Vergleich zwischen ihnen zeigt, daß die Ergebnisse weitgehend zusammenfallen und die Abweichungen sehr klein sind.
Book Reviews
Authors: Scrib Ch. J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAlexander, D. S.: A History of Complex Dynamics. From Schröder to Fatou and Julia. Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn 1994. VIII, 165 pp., DM 58.—. ISBN 3–528–06520–6 (Aspects of Mathematics 24).
On the Hemivariational Inequality Approach to Nonconvex Constrained Problems in the Theory of von Kármán Plates
Authors: Goeleven D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn dieser Arbeit werden nichtkonvexe Randwertprobleme behandelt, die im Rahmen der von Kármánschen Plattentheorie zu Hemivariationsungleichungen führen.
Review: The influence of informal social support on risk and prognosis in spinal pain: A systematic review
Authors: Campbelll Paul , Wynne‐Jones Gwenllian , Dunn Kate M 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSpinal pain is very common and has considerable consequences for the individual (e.g. loss of employment, disability) as well as increased health care costs. It is now widely accepted that biological, psychological and social factors impact on spinal pain outcomes. The majority of research on social factors has been employment related, with little attention to the influence of informal social support (e.g. families, friends, social groups). The aim of this review is to investigate whether informal social support is associated with the occurrence and prognosis of spinal pain. Prognosis was considered in a broad sense within the biopsychosocial model inclusive of factors such as pain, function, general and psychological health. A systematic search of eight databases was conducted to search for studies who report findings on informal social support in populations with nonspecific spinal pain (i.e. no defined cause). Seventeen articles were identified and a best evidence synthesis was carried out on the data extracted from the studies. Results show that for cross‐sectional designs there was inconclusive evidence of a relationship between social support and pain but moderate evidence of a relationship between social support and patient psychological outcome related to prognosis. Evidence of social support as a factor for risk of occurrence was inconclusive with three studies reporting no significant associations with the remaining two studies reporting weak associations. Evidence of an effect of social support and prognosis revealed inconsistent findings. The variation in findings may reflect ongoing difficulties surrounding the conceptualisation and measurement of informal social support.
Global advances in weed management
Authors: GRESSEL J. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYWeeds have been controlled so successfully by herbicides, subsequently supplemented by transgenic herbicide-resistant crops, that past intractable problems have been ignored and new ones are evolving. However, industry-led discovery of new herbicide targets is now lacking and weed science as a discipline is contracting globally. This paper describes novel technologies for dealing with major problems, including: better understanding of weed biology coupled with genomics; novel herbicide-resistant crops as well as engineered weed-competing crops; multi-target herbicides; and enhanced biocontrol agents. Together, these approaches may comprise the components of future integrated packages to slow down the evolution of new weed problems.
Electrocardiogram screening of deaf children for long QT syndrome: are we following UK national guidelines?
Authors: Kang S L , Jackson C , Kelsall W 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntroduction:Jervell–Lange-Nielsen syndrome is characterised by congenital deafness and a long QT interval on electrocardiography.Aim:(1) To survey UK national practice regarding electrocardiography screening of deaf children referred to cochlear implant centres, performed to evaluate for prolonged QT interval as recommended by national guidelines, and (2) to review local practice.Methods:Data were collected via a questionnaire sent to all UK cochlear implant centres, and via review of the medical records of a local cochlear implant centre database.Results:Eight (42 per cent) of the 19 cochlear implant centres surveyed performed electrocardiographic screening. Thirteen cases of long QT syndrome were reported in seven centres, with two related deaths. In our local cochlear implant centre, 14 (7.1 per cent) of 193 children had abnormal electrocardiograms; one definite long QT syndrome case and 13 borderline cases were identified.Conclusion:Despite clear national guidelines for electrocardiographic screening of deaf children, there is wide variation in practice. Our local practice of performing investigations, including electrocardiography, during magnetic resonance imaging sedation has been very successful. Electrocardiograms should be reviewed by trained clinicians, and corrected QT intervals should be calculated manually.
Mycobacterial infection after renal transplantation in a Western population
Authors: Vandermarliere A. , Audenhove A. Van , Peetermans W.E. , Vanrenterghem Y. , Maes B. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  Mycobacterial infection is a serious opportunistic infection in renal transplant recipients. The incidence is higher in developing than in developed Western countries. This study is a single‐centre retrospective review of the records of 2502 renal transplant recipients in Belgium. Fourteen cases of mycobacterial infection (9 Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 5 atypical mycobacterial infection) were diagnosed. The time interval between transplantation and diagnosis was 64 ± 80 months (mean ± SD, range 5–188) for M. tuberculosis and 92 ± 75 months (range 14–209) for atypical mycobacterial infection. The localisation of M. tuberculosis was pulmonary/pleural in 67% and extrapulmonary in 33%. The atypical mycobacterial infections were located in skin, tendons, and joints. Eight patients received IV prednisolone pulse therapy for acute rejection long before the time of mycobacterial infection. The initial antimycobacterial therapy consisted of a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol in all patients. In patients with M. tuberculosis infection, a good response to antimycobacterial therapy was obtained. In patients with atypical mycobacterial infection, initial treatment was successful in 3 out of 5 patients, in 1 patient recurrence was diagnosed and in another patient, who is still under treatment at present, the initial treatment was adjusted after identification of the atypical mycobacterium and its antibiogram.The incidence of mycobacterial infection after renal transplantation did not increase with newer immunosuppressive therapy. The major risk factor is the total dose of corticosteroids. All patients responded well without major reductions in immunosuppressive therapy. Chemoprophylaxis for high‐risk patients still is recommended.
Research Ethics III: Publication Practices and Authorship, Conflicts of Interest, and Research Misconduct
Authors: Horner Jennifer , Minifie Fred D. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose

In this series of articles—
Research Ethics I,
Research Ethics II,
and
Research Ethics III
—the authors provide a comprehensive review of the 9 core domains for the responsible conduct of research (RCR) as articulated by the Office of Research Integrity.

Method

In
Research Ethics III,
they review the RCR domains of publication practices and authorship, conflicts of interest, and research misconduct. Whereas the legal definition of research misconduct under federal law pertains mainly to intentional falsification, fabrication, and plagiarism, they discuss a host of research practices that raise ethical concerns.

Conclusions
The integrity of the scientific record—its accuracy, completeness, and value—ultimately impacts the health and well-being of society. For this reason, scientists are both entrusted and obligated to use the highest standards possible when proposing, performing, reviewing, and reporting research or when educating and mentoring new investigators.
Research Ethics I: Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR)—Historical and Contemporary Issues Pertaining to Human and Animal Experimentation
Authors: Horner Jennifer , Minifie Fred D. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeIn this series of articles—Research Ethics I,Research Ethics II,andResearch Ethics III—the authors provide a comprehensive review of the 9 core domains for the responsible conduct of research (RCR) as articulated by the Office of Research Integrity. InResearch Ethics I,they present a historical overview of the evolution of RCR in the United States then examine the evolution of human and animal experimentation from the birth of scientific medicine through World War II to the present day.MethodThey relied on authoritative documents, both historical and contemporary, insightful commentary, and empirical research in order to identify current issues and controversies of potential interest to both faculty and students.ConclusionsThe authors have written this article from a historical perspective because they think all readers interested in RCR should appreciate how the history of science and all the good—and harm—it has produced can inform how researchers practice responsible research in the 21st century and beyond.
Comparing Two Methods for Reducing Variability in Voice Quality Measurements
Authors: Kreiman Jody , Gerratt Bruce R. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeInterrater disagreements in ratings of quality plague the study of voice. This study compared 2 methods for handling this variability.MethodListeners provided multiple breathiness ratings for 2 sets of pathological voices, one including 20 male and 20 female voices unselected for quality and one including 20 breathy female voices. Ratings for each listener were averaged together, mean ratings wereztransformed, and the likelihood that 2 listeners would agree exactly in their ratings was calculated as a function of averaging and standardizing condition. Data were also multidimensionally scaled to examine similarities among listeners in perceptual strategy. Results were compared with parallel analyses of existing breathiness ratings of the same voices gathered using a method-of-adjustment task.ResultsThree-way interactions between the mean rating for a voice, standardization condition, and the number of voices averaged together were observed, but no main effect of averaging condition emerged. Multidimensional scaling revealed significant residual differences in perceptual strategy across listeners after averaging and standardizing. Ratings from the method-of-adjustment task showed both high agreement levels and consistent perceptual strategies across listeners, as theoretically predicted.ConclusionAveraging multiple ratings and standardizing the mean are inadequate in addressing variations in voice quality perception.
Studies of cutaneous blood flow of normal forearm skin and irritated forearm skin based on high‐resolution laser Doppler perfusion imaging (HR‐LDPI)
Authors: Fullerton Ann , Rode Birgitte , Serup Jrgen 
Published: November 2010

Background/aims:  High resolution laser Doppler perfusion imaging (HR‐LDPI) is a non‐touch method used for mapping cutaneous microcirculation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of this technique for studies of cutaneous blood flow of normal untreated forearm skin and for the assessment of weak irritant reactions induced by exposure to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS).Methods  12 healthy volunteers participated in the study. Initially, basal flow was measured for 6 selected test areas on the right forearm. 24 h occlusive application of 0%; 0.125%; 0.25%; 0.50% and 1.0% SLS was performed. An untreated skin area was also included. Test sites were clinically evaluated and the cutaneous blood flow was measured using HR‐ LDPI on days 2, 3 and 5.Results and conclusions:  The results of the present study show that HR‐LDPI is a useful technique for assessing the mean cutaneous blood flow of both normal and irritated forearm skin. The rectangular region of interest (R‐ROI) method was found to be superior to the threshold region of interest (T‐ROI) method in image analysis of the mean blood flow of individual scans. The results showed that even though spatial variation within a skin region may be considerable, no intraregional differences or daily variations in mean basal flow of selected skin areas on the forearm could be found. Due to the low variability, it should not generally be necessary to include an untreated control site as each site should act as its own control. The temporal variation in skin perfusion was minor compared with the spatial variation. This was found both for normal and irritated skin. Therefore, one scan of each area of interest should normally be sufficient. Clinical irritation scores on day 3 were more evenly distributed than those on days 2 and 5. An increase in mean perfusion, as a function of the clinical irritation score, was found. However, no statistical differences could be found in mean perfusion for the selected dose levels of SLS.
Depression and the delay between symptom onset and hospitalization in heart failure patients
Authors: Johansson Peter , Nieuwenhuis Maurice , Lesman‐Leegte Ivonne , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Jaarsma Tiny 
Published: November 2010

AimsHeart failure (HF) patients frequently suffer from episodes of deterioration and may need medical treatment. An adequate reaction from the patient is needed to decrease the delay between the onset of deterioration and consulting a medical professional (i.e. consulting behaviour). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether depressive symptoms are associated with the duration of the delay between the onset of symptoms of worsening HF and hospitalization, and to examine how consulting behaviour correlates to depressive symptoms and delay in HF patients.Methods and resultsData on the time between the onset of symptoms of worsening HF and hospitalization, depressive symptoms, and self‐care behaviour were collected in 958 HF patients (37% female; age 71 ± 11 years; New York Heart Association functional class II–IV), using validated questionnaires. The median delay time of the total sample was 72 h (ranging from 0 to 243 days). Patients with depressive symptoms delayed longer compared with those without depressive symptoms (120 vs. 54 h, P= 0.001). Patients with depressive symptoms had a 1.5 times higher risk for a delay of ≥72 h, independent of demographic and clinical variables (P= 0.008). Consulting behaviour did not correlate with depressive symptoms but was weakly associated with delay (r= −0.07, P= 0.03).ConclusionsHeart failure patients with depressive symptoms have a significantly longer delay between HF deterioration and hospital admission. Interventions designed to improve the consulting behaviour in HF patients with depressive symptoms may have a limited effect on delay. Further research is needed to obtain more insight into the mechanisms underlying the relationship between delay and depression.
Unraveling the Evolution of Auxin Signaling
Authors: De Smet Ive , Voß Ute , Lau Steffen , Wilson Michael , Shao Ning , Timme Ruth E. , Swarup Ranjan , Kerr Ian , Hodgman Charlie , Bock Ralph , Bennett Malcolm , Jürgens Gerd , Beeckman Tom 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Auxin signaling is central to plant growth and development, yet hardly anything is known about its evolutionary origin. While the presence of key players in auxin signaling has been analyzed in various land plant species, similar analyses in the green algal lineages are lacking. Here, we survey the key players in auxin biology in the available genomes of Chlorophyta species. We found that the genetic potential for auxin biosynthesis and AUXIN1 (AUX1)/LIKE AUX1- and P-GLYCOPROTEIN/ATP-BINDING CASSETTE subfamily B-dependent transport is already present in several single-celled and colony-forming Chlorophyta species. In addition, our analysis of expressed sequence tag libraries from Coleochaete orbicularis and Spirogyra pratensis, green algae of the Streptophyta clade that are evolutionarily closer to the land plants than those of the Chlorophyta clade, revealed the presence of partial AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs and/or AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID proteins (the key factors in auxin signaling) and PIN-FORMED-like proteins (the best-characterized auxin-efflux carriers). While the identification of these possible AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR- and AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID precursors and putative PIN-FORMED orthologs calls for a deeper investigation of their evolution after sequencing more intermediate genomes, it emphasizes that the canonical auxin response machinery and auxin transport mechanisms were, at least in part, already present before plants “moved” to land habitats.
Arabidopsis β-Ketoacyl-[Acyl Carrier Protein] Synthase I Is Crucial for Fatty Acid Synthesis and Plays a Role in Chloroplast Division and Embryo Development
Authors: Wu Guo-Zhang , Xue Hong-Wei 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in cell structure and in multiple plant developmental processes. β-Ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase I (KASI) catalyzes the elongation of de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis. Here, we report the functional characterization of KASI in the regulation of chloroplast division and embryo development. Phenotypic observation of an Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insertion mutant, kasI, revealed multiple morphological defects, including chlorotic (in netted patches) and curly leaves, reduced fertility, and semidwarfism. There are only one to five enlarged chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells of chlorotic sectors of young kasI rosette leaves, indicating suppressed chloroplast division under KASI deficiency. KASI deficiency results in a significant change in the polar lipid composition, which causes the suppressed expression of FtsZ and Min system genes, disordered Z-ring placement in the oversized chloroplast, and inhibited polymerization of FtsZ protein at mid-site of the chloroplast in kasI. In addition, KASI deficiency results in disrupted embryo development before the globular stage and dramatically reduces FA levels (~33.6% of the wild type) in seeds. These results demonstrate that de novo FA synthesis is crucial and has pleiotropic effects on plant growth. The polar lipid supply is important for chloroplast division and development, revealing a key function of FA synthesis in plastid development.