bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future decision‐making without episodic mental time travel
Authors: Kwan Donna , Craver Carl F. , Green Leonard , Myerson Joel , Boyer Pascal , Rosenbaum R. Shayna 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDeficits in episodic memory are associated with deficits in the ability to imagine future experiences (i.e., mental time travel). We show that K.C., a person with episodic amnesia and an inability to imagine future experiences, nonetheless systematically discounts the value of future rewards, and his discounting is within the range of controls in terms of both rate and consistency. Because K.C. is neither able to imagine personal uses for the rewards nor provide a rationale for selecting larger future rewards over smaller current rewards, this study demonstrates a dissociation between imagining and making decisions involving the future. Thus, although those capable of mental time travel may use it in making decisions about future rewards, these results demonstrate that it is not required for such decisions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antioxidant and anti‐apoptotic effects of onion (Allium cepa) extract on doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: Alpsoy Seref , Aktas Cevat , Uygur Ramazan , Topcu Birol , Kanter Mehmet , Erboga Mustafa , Karakaya Osman , Gedikbasi Asuman 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti‐apoptotic effects of onion (Allium cepa) extracts (ACE) on doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced cardiotoxicity. The rats in the ACE‐pretreated group were given a daily dose of 1 ml ACE for 14 days. To induce cardiotoxicity, DOX (30 mg kg−1 body weight) was injected intraperitoneally by a single dose and the rats were sacrificed after 48 h. To date, no such studies have been performed on the cardioprotective and anti‐apoptotic potential of ACE on DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. Our data indicate a significant reduction in the activity of in situ identification of apoptosis using terminal dUTP nick end‐labeling in cardiomyocytes of the DOX‐treated group with ACE therapy. The DOX‐treated with ACE groups showed a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels, and increased activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in comparison with the DOX‐treated group. Creatine kinase, creatine kinase MB, lactate dehydrogenase activities and cardiac troponin I levels were significantly decreased in the DOX + ACE group in comparison with the DOX group. These biochemical and histological disturbances were effectively attenuated on pretreatment with ACE. The present study showed that ACE may be a suitable cardioprotector against toxic effects of DOX. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new approach for the synthesis of some pyrazolo[5,1‐c]triazines and pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines containing naphtofuran moiety
Authors: Abdelhamid Abdou O. , Shokry Shokry A. , Tawfiek Sayed M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNaphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐yl)(8‐phenylpyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazin‐3‐yl)methanone, ([1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐c][1,2,4]triazin‐6‐yl)(naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐yl)methanone, benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1‐c][1,2,4]triazin‐3‐yl‐naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐yl‐methanone, 5‐(naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐yl)pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine, 7‐(naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐yl)‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidine, 2‐naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐yl‐benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine, pyridine, and pyrazole derivatives are synthesized from sodium salt of 5‐hydroxy‐1‐naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐ylpropenone and various reagents. The newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, spectral data, chemical transformation, and alternative synthetic route whenever possible. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
Subcutaneous methylnaltrexone for treatment of acute opioid‐induced constipation: Phase 2 study in rehabilitation after orthopedic surgery
Authors: Anissian Lucas , Schwartz Harry W. , Vincent Kevin , Vincent Heather K. , Carpenito Jennifer , Stambler Nancy , Ramakrishna Tage 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Methylnaltrexone has been shown to be effective for treating opioid‐induced constipation (OIC) in chronic settings, but its effects on acute OIC have not been studied.OBJECTIVE:To assess safety and efficacy of subcutaneous methylnaltrexone in patients with acute OIC after orthopedic procedures.DESIGN:Double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled, hypothesis‐generating phase 2 study.SETTING:Sixteen US hospitals and rehabilitation facilities.PATIENTS:Adult patients with acute OIC after orthopedic surgical procedure, expected to require opioids for at least 7 days postrandomization.INTERVENTIONS:Patients received once‐daily subcutaneous methylnaltrexone 12 mg or placebo for up to 4 or 7 days.MEASUREMENTS:All endpoints were exploratory and included the percentage of patients achieving laxation within 2 and 4 hours of first dose and time to laxation.RESULTS:Thirty‐three patients received at least 1 dose of study drug (methylnaltrexone, n = 18; placebo, n = 15). Within 2 and 4 hours, significantly more patients receiving methylnaltrexone achieved laxation (2 hours: 33.3% vs 0%, P = 0.021; 4 hours: 38.9% vs 6.7%, P = 0.046) compared with placebo. Time to laxation was significantly shorter with methylnaltrexone (median = 15.8 hours) versus placebo (median = 50.9 hours), P = 0.0197. The most common adverse events related to the gastrointestinal tract. Pain scores remained stable and were similar to those of placebo, and signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal did not emerge in patients receiving methylnaltrexone.CONCLUSIONS:Methylnaltrexone was generally well tolerated and was active in inducing laxation in this study of patients experiencing acute OIC following orthopedic surgery. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Covalent Assembly of Hierarchical Particles by Efficient Coupling of β‐Diketones and Benzyl Chloride
Authors: Xu Jianxiong , Wang Da , Li Na , Zhang Yaoyao , Zhang Wangqing , Sun Pingchuan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA coupling reaction is performed between polymeric nanoparticles and microparticles via the nucleophilic substitution of pendent β‐diketone groups with benzyl chloride. The coupling reaction results in the formation of hierarchical particles, through the nanoparticles being covalently linked onto the microparticles. The coupling reaction is tracked by TEM and SEM, and the formation of covalent C–C bonds through the coupling reaction between the polymeric nanoparticles and microparticles is confirmed by solid‐state 13C CP‐MAS NMR spectroscopy and XPS. The proposed coupling reaction between the nanoparticles and the microparticles is believed to be a promising strategy in particle‐surface modification.
Locomotion speed determines gait variability in cerebellar ataxia and vestibular failure
Authors: Schniepp Roman , Wuehr Maximilian , Neuhaeusser Maximilian , Kamenova Maria , Dimitriadis Konstantin , Klopstock Thomas , Strupp M. , Brandt Thomas , Jahn Klaus 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTemporal gait variability is a critical parameter in patients with balance problems. Increased magnitude of temporal gait variability corresponds to a higher risk of falls. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of walking speed on temporal stride‐to‐stride variability in patients with cerebellar and vestibular deficits. A GAITRite system was used to analyze the gait of 40 patients with cerebellar ataxia, 22 patients with bilateral vestibular failure, and 51 healthy subjects over the entire range of the individual's speed capacity. The coefficient of variability of stride time was calculated for each walk. Temporal gait variability was increased in cerebellar patients and vestibular patients. The magnitude of this variability depended on walking speed in a disease‐specific manner. In patients with cerebellar ataxia, variability was increased during slow (8.4 ± 5.3%, P < .01) and fast (7.9 ± 6.4%, P < .01) walking speed but was normal during preferred walking speed. This resulted in a speed‐related U‐shaped function of stride‐time variability. Patients with vestibular failure had increased variability during slow walking (9.9 ± 4.3%, P < .01). During walking with medium and fast walking speed, stride time variability was normal. Minimal temporal gait variability appears to be attractive for the locomotor system in cerebellar patients because these patients preferred to walk at a velocity associated with minimal stride‐time variability. In contrast to previous studies, vestibular patients accelerate rather than decelerate gait to achieve dynamic stability. This may be explained by reduced sensory integration during fast locomotion. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Evaluation of multicontrast MRI including fat suppression and inversion recovery spin echo for identification of intra‐plaque hemorrhage and lipid core in human carotid plaque using the mahalanobis distance measure
Authors: te Boekhorst Bernard C. , van 't Klooster Ronald , Bovens Sandra M. , van de Kolk Kees W. , Cramer Maarten J. , van Oosterhout Matthijs F. , Doevendans Pieter. A. , van der Geest Rob J. , Pasterkamp Gerard , van Echteld Cees J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIntra‐plaque hemorrhage (IPH) and lipid core, characteristics of rupture prone carotid plaques, are often visualized in vivo with MRI using T1 weighted gradient and spin echo, respectively. Increasing magnetic field strength may help to identify IPH and lipid core better. As a proof of concept, automatic segmentation of plaque components was performed with the Mahalanobis distance (MD) measure derived from image contrast from multicontrast MR images including inversion recovery spin echo and T1 weighted gradient echo with fat suppression. After MRI of nine formaldehyde‐fixated autopsy specimens, the MDs and Euclidean Distances between plaque component intensities were calculated for each MR weighting. The distances from the carotid bifurcation and the size and shape of calcification spots were used as landmarks for coregistration of MRI and histology. MD between collagen/cell‐rich area and IPH was largest with inversion recovery spin echo (4.2/9.3, respectively), between collagen/cell‐rich area/foam cells and lipid core with T1 weighted gradient echo with fat suppression (26.9/38.2/4.6, respectively). The accuracy of detection of IPH, cell‐rich area, and collagen increased when the MD classifier was used compared with the Euclidean Distance classifier. The enhanced conspicuity of lipid core and IPH in human carotid artery plaque, using ex vivo T1 weighted gradient echo with fat suppression and inversion recovery spin echo MRI and MD classifiers, demands further in vivo evaluation in patients. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies on thermal and dielectric properties of organo clay and octakis (dimethylsiloxypropylglycidylether) silsesquioxane filled polybenzoxazine hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Vengatesan M.R. , Devaraju S. , Dinakaran K. , Alagar M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo types of polybenzoxazine (PBZ) hybrid nanocomposites were prepared from new type of benzoxazine monomer (BZ‐Cy‐OH) and organo‐modified MMT clay (OMMT) and octakis (dimethylsiloxypropylglycidylether) silsesquioxane (OG‐POSS) (up to 7.5 wt%). The new BZ‐Cy‐OH prepared from trans‐4‐aminocyclohexanol hydrochloride and 37% formaldehyde solution with 1,1‐bis (3‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy phenyl) cyclohexane and its structure was conformed by FTIR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectral studies. The thermal properties of the resulting hybrid PBZ nanocomposites were studied by using differential scanning calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis. Comparative study revealed on the data from the DSC analysis, the newly synthesized BZ‐Cy‐OH started ring opening polymerization at the lower temperature than that of the conventional benzoxazine (Ba‐A). The dispersion of OMMT clay in the PBZ was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The homogeneous morphology of the hybrid nanocomposites was studied by using scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope analysis. By comparing the dielectric properties of organoclay and POSS filled PBZ nanocomposites, it was observed that the POSS filled PBZ showed low dielectic constant and in the case of organoclay filled PBZ possessed high dielectric constant. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Comparison of curing agents for epoxidized vegetable oils applied to composites
Authors: Espinoza‐Perez Judith D. , Nerenz Brent A. , Haagenson Darrin M. , Chen Zhigang , Ulven Chad A. , Wiesenborn Dennis P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractInterest in polymers from renewable sources, as alternatives to petroleum‐based polymers, remains strong; however, their performance must be acceptable. To improve performance of epoxidized vegetable oils (EVO) in composite matrix applications, five amine curing agents were evaluated and compared with an anhydride agent used previously. Curing agents were tested in matrices for composites containing a petroleum‐based epoxy resin plus 0% or 30% epoxidized oil from canola (ECO) and soybean (ESO). The two amines with the highest glass transition temperature, determined by differential scanning calorimetry, were selected for characterization by dynamic mechanical analysis; bis (p‐aminocyclohexyl) methane (PACM) showed the highest performance. Amine: epoxy ratios 0.6 to 1.6 were then evaluated; ratios of 0.8 and 1.0 showed superior performance. E‐glass fiber reinforced composites with PACM/EVO showed thermal and mechanical performance slightly lower than the composites with 0% EVO and comparable with those of the anhydride curing agent. Therefore, ECO or ESO blended with petroleum‐based epoxy resins cured with PACM are recommended for its application in E‐glass reinforced composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
The catalase activity of diiron adenine deaminase
Authors: Kamat Siddhesh S. , Holmes‐Hampton Gregory P. , Bagaria Ashima , Kumaran Desigan , Tichy Shane E. , Gheyi Tarun , Zheng Xiaojing , Bain Kevin , Groshong Chris , Emtage Spencer , Sauder J. Michael , Burley Stephen K. , Swaminathan Subramanyam , Lindahl Paul A. , Raushel Frank M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAdenine deaminase (ADE) from the amidohydrolase superfamily (AHS) of enzymes catalyzes the conversion of adenine to hypoxanthine and ammonia. Enzyme isolated from Escherichia coli was largely inactive toward the deamination of adenine. Molecular weight determinations by mass spectrometry provided evidence that multiple histidine and methionine residues were oxygenated. When iron was sequestered with a metal chelator and the growth medium supplemented with Mn2+ before induction, the post‐translational modifications disappeared. Enzyme expressed and purified under these conditions was substantially more active for adenine deamination. Apo‐enzyme was prepared and reconstituted with two equivalents of FeSO4. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy demonstrated that this protein contained two high‐spin ferrous ions per monomer of ADE. In addition to the adenine deaminase activity, [FeII/FeII]‐ADE catalyzed the conversion of H2O2 to O2 and H2O. The values of kcat and kcat/Km for the catalase activity are 200 s−1 and 2.4 × 104 M−1 s−1, respectively. [FeII/FeII]‐ADE underwent more than 100 turnovers with H2O2 before the enzyme was inactivated due to oxygenation of histidine residues critical for metal binding. The iron in the inactive enzyme was high‐spin ferric with gave = 4.3 EPR signal and no evidence of anti‐ferromagnetic spin‐coupling. A model is proposed for the disproportionation of H2O2 by [FeII/FeII]‐ADE that involves the cycling of the binuclear metal center between the di‐ferric and di‐ferrous oxidation states. Oxygenation of active site residues occurs via release of hydroxyl radicals. These findings represent the first report of redox reaction catalysis by any member of the AHS.
A fluorescent fatty acid probe, DAUDA, selectively displaces two myristates bound in human serum albumin
Authors: Wang Yu , Luo Zhipu , Shi Xiaoli , Wang Huan , Nie Lei , Huang Mingdong 
Published: October 2011

Abstract11‐(Dansylamino) undecanoic acid (DAUDA) is a dansyl‐type fluorophore and has widely used as a probe to determine the binding site for human serum albumin (HSA). Here, we reported that structure of HSA‐Myristate‐DAUDA ternary complex and identified clearly the presence of two DAUDA molecules at fatty acid (FA) binding site 6 and 7 of HSA, thus showing these two sites are weak FA binding sites. This result also show that DAUDA is an appropriate probe for FA site 6 and 7 on HSA as previous studied, but not a good probe of FA binding site 1 that is likely bilirubin binding site on HSA.
Adolescent Health, Stress and Life Satisfaction: The Paradox of Indulgent Parenting
Authors: Coccia Catherine , Darling Carol A. , Rehm Marsha , Cui Ming , Sathe Shridhar K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA survey of adolescents aged 15 to 16 years was used to examine the relationship between their perceptions of indulgent parenting and adolescent weight status to overall satisfaction with life, as associated with adolescent perceptions of body image, health and stress. In addition, perceptions of parental indulgence were examined in terms of their association with adolescent eating behaviours and health. The results revealed a paradox related to indulgent parenting, with both positive and negative outcomes for adolescents. Structural equation analyses showed that parental indulgence was not only related to lower stress and higher life satisfaction, but also to unhealthy eating behaviours. Path analysis indicated that both positive and negative eating outcomes for adolescents were related to parental indulgence. This research has many implications for both parent and adolescent health education, focusing on parenting styles, stress and healthy lifestyles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro/Nanoscale Spatial Resolution Temperature Probing for the Interfacial Thermal Characterization of Epitaxial Graphene on 4H‐SiC
Authors: Yue Yanan , Zhang Jingchao , Wang Xinwei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLimited internal phonon coupling and transfer within graphene in the out‐of‐plane direction significantly affects graphene–substrate interfacial phonon coupling and scattering, and leads to unique interfacial thermal transport phenomena. Through the simultaneous characterization of graphene and SiC Raman peaks, it is possible, for the first time, to distinguish the temperature of a graphene layer and its adjacent 4H‐SiC substrate. The thermal probing resolution reaches the nanometer scale with the graphene (≈1.12 nm) and is on the micrometer scale (≈12 μm) within SiC next to the interface. A very high thermal resistance at the interface of $ 5.30_{- 0.46}^{+ 0.46} \times {\rm 10}^{{\rm - 5}} \ {\rm K m}^{\rm 2} \ {\rm W}^{{\rm - 1}} $ is observed by using a Raman frequency method under surface Joule heating. This value is much higher than those from molecular dynamics predictions of $ 7.01_{- 1.05}^{+ 1.05} \times 10^{- 10} $ and $ 8.47_{- 0.75}^{+ 0.75} \times {\rm 10}^{{\rm - 10}} \ {\rm K m}^{\rm 2} \ {\rm W}^{{\rm - 1}} $ for surface heat fluxes of 3 × 109 and 1 × 1010 W m−2, respectively. This analysis shows that the measured anomalous thermal contact resistance stems from the thermal expansion mismatch between graphene and SiC under Joule heating. This mismatch leads to interface delamination/separation and significantly enhances local phonon scattering. An independent laser‐heating experiment conducted under the same conditions yielded a higher interfacial thermal resistance of $ 1.01_{- 0.59}^{+ 1.23} \times {\rm 10}^{{\rm - 4}} \ {\rm K m}^{\rm 2} \ {\rm W}^{{\rm - 1}} $. Furthermore, the peak width method of Raman thermometry is also employed to evaluate the interfacial thermal resistance. The results are 3.52 × 10−5 and 8.57 × 10−5 K m2 W−1 for Joule‐heating and laser‐heating experiments, respectively, confirming the anomalous thermal resistance between graphene and SiC. The difference in the results from the frequency and peak‐width methods is caused by the thermal stress generated in the heating processes.
Concise Review: Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Therapy: Controversies and Challenges
Authors: O'Callaghan Anna R. , Daniels Julie T. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are a population of stem cells responsible for maintenance and repair of the corneal surface. Injury and disease can result in a deficiency of these stem cells, the vision affecting condition called limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) in which the cornea becomes opaque, vascularized, and inflamed. Cultured LESC therapy was first described in 1997;29:19231932–19231932.and LESCs cultured from either patients or donors have been used to successfully treat LSCD. In this review, some of the challenges and controversies associated with cultured LESC therapy will be discussed including alternative stem cell sources.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Regulates Human Neuroectoderm Specification Through ERK1/2-PARP-1 Pathway
Authors: Yoo Young Dong , Huang Cindy T. , Zhang Xiaoqing , Lavaute Timothy M. , Zhang Su-Chun 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling and PAX6 transcription are required for neuroectoderm specification of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). In this study, we asked how FGF signaling leads to PAX6 transcription and neuroectoderm specification from hESCs. Under a chemically defined medium, FGF inhibition blocked phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) with a significant reduction of PAX6-expressing neuroepithelia, indicating that FGF regulates neural induction through ERK1/2 activation. Activation of FGF-ERK1/2 pathway was necessary for the activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a conserved nuclear protein catalyzing polymerization of ADP-ribose units. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation of PARP-1 inhibited neural induction from hESCs, suggesting that FGF-ERK1/2 signal pathway regulates neuroectoderm specification through regulating PARP-1 activity. Furthermore, FGF-ERK1/2-PARP-1 cascade regulated the expression of PAX6, a transcription determinant of human neuroectoderm. Together, we propose that FGF regulates hESC neural specification through the ERK1/2-PARP-1 signaling pathway.