bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The plastid redox insensitive 2 mutant of Arabidopsis is impaired in PEP activity and high light‐dependent plastid redox signalling to the nucleus
Authors: Kindgren Peter , Kremnev Dmitry , Blanco Nicolás E. , de Dios Barajas López Juan , Fernández Aurora Piñas , Tellgren‐Roth Christian , Small Ian , Strand Åsa 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThe photosynthetic apparatus is composed of proteins encoded by genes from both the nuclear and the chloroplastic genomes. The activities of the nuclear and chloroplast genomes must therefore be closely coordinated through intracellular signalling. The plastids produce multiple retrograde signals at different times of their development, and in response to changes in the environment. These signals regulate the expression of nuclear‐encoded photosynthesis genes to match the current status of the plastids. Using forward genetics we identified PLASTID REDOX INSENSITIVE 2 (PRIN2), a chloroplast component involved in redox‐mediated retrograde signalling. The allelic mutants prin2‐1 and prin2‐2 demonstrated a misregulation of photosynthesis‐associated nuclear gene expression in response to excess light, and an inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport. As a consequence of the misregulation of LHCB1.1 and LHCB2.4, the prin2 mutants displayed a high irradiance‐sensitive phenotype with significant photoinactivation of photosystem II, indicated by a reduced variable to maximal fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm). PRIN2 is localized to the nucleoids, and plastid transcriptome analyses demonstrated that PRIN2 is required for full expression of genes transcribed by the plastid‐encoded RNA polymerase (PEP). Similarly to the prin2 mutants, the ys1 mutant with impaired PEP activity also demonstrated a misregulation of LHCB1.1 and LHCB2.4 expression in response to excess light, suggesting a direct role for PEP activity in redox‐mediated retrograde signalling. Taken together, our results indicate that PRIN2 is part of the PEP machinery, and that the PEP complex responds to photosynthetic electron transport and generates a retrograde signal, enabling the plant to synchronize the expression of photosynthetic genes from both the nuclear and plastidic genomes.
Development of genic‐SSRs markers from soybean aphid sequences generated by high‐throughput sequencing of cDNA library
Authors: Jun T.‐H. , Mian M. A. R. , Freewalt K. , Mittapalli O. , Michel A. P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is one of the most important insect pests of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in North America, and three biotypes of the aphid have been confirmed. Genetic studies of the soybean aphid are needed to determine genetic diversity, movement pattern, biotype distribution and mapping of virulence genes for efficient control of the pest. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers are useful for population and classical genetic studies, but few are currently available for the soybean aphid. In this study, we designed primers for 342 genic‐SSR markers from a dataset of more than 102 024 transcript reads generated by 454 GS FLX sequencing of a cDNA library of the soybean aphid. Two hundred forty‐six markers generated PCR products of expected size and 26 were polymorphic among four pooled aphid DNA samples. An additional five markers that were fixed for two alleles among the pooled samples were found to be polymorphic when tested on 96 individual aphids. Sequencing of the PCR products generated by two polymorphic SSR markers revealed that the polymorphisms were strictly because of variations in the SSR repeats among the aphids tested. The genetic diversity among 96 soybean aphids, 24 each from two field collections (South Dakota and Michigan, biotype unknown) and two laboratory colonies [biotype 1 (B1) and biotype 2 (B2)], was assessed with 29 polymorphic SSR markers. These markers discriminated laboratory colonies from field collections and field collections from different states. The genic‐SSR markers developed and validated in this study will be a significant addition to the limited number of SSR markers, mostly genomic‐SSR, currently available for the soybean aphid. These markers will be useful for genetic studies, including population genetics, genetic and QTL mapping, migration and biotype differentiation of the soybean aphid.
Cannabinoid CB1 receptor mediates glucocorticoid effects on hormone secretion induced by volume and osmotic changes
Authors: Ruginsk SG , Uchoa ET , Elias LLK , Antunes‐Rodrigues J 
Published: December 2011

Summary

The present study provides the first in vivo evidence that the cannabinoid CB1 receptor mediates the effects of dexamethasone on hormone release induced by changes in circulating volume and osmolality. Male adult rats were administered with the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (10 mg/Kg, p.o.), followed or not in 1 hour by dexamethasone (1 mg/Kg, i.p.). Extracellular volume expansion (EVE, 2 mL/100 g of body weight, i.v.) was performed 2 hours after dexamethasone or vehicle treatment using either isotonic (I‐EVE, 0.15 mol/L) or hypertonic (H‐EVE, 0.30 mol/L) NaCl solution. Five minutes after EVE, animals were decapitated and trunk blood was collected for all plasma measurements.
Rimonabant potentiated oxytocin (OT) secretion induced by H‐EVE and completely reversed the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone in response to the same stimulus. These data suggest that glucocorticoid modulation of OT release is mediated by the CB1 receptor.
Although dexamethasone did not affect vasopressin (AVP) secretion induced by H‐EVE, the administration of rimonabant potentiated AVP release in response to the same stimulus, supporting the hypothesis that the CB1 receptor regulates AVP secretion independently of glucocorticoid‐mediated signalling.
Dexamethasone alone did not affect atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release stimulated by I‐EVE or H‐EVE. However, pretreatment with rimonabant potentiated ANP secretion induced by H‐EVE, suggesting a possible role for the CB1 receptor in the control of peripheral factors that modulate cardiovascular function.
Rimonabant also reversed the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone on H‐EVE‐induced corticosterone secretion, reinforcing the hypothesis that the CB1 receptor may be involved in the negative feedback exerted by glucocorticoids on the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.
Collectively, the results of the present study indicate that the CB1 receptor modulates neurohypophyseal hormone secretion and systemic factors, such as corticosterone and ANP, thus participating in homeostatic responses to altered extracellular volume and plasma tonicity.
A limited sampling strategy for the simultaneous estimation of tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid and unbound prednisolone exposure in adult kidney transplant recipients
Authors: BARRACLOUGH KATHERINE A , ISBEL NICOLE M , JOHNSON DAVID W , HAWLEY CARMEL M , LEE KATIE J , MCWHINNEY BRETT C , UNGERER JACOBUS P , CAMPBELL SCOTT B , LEARY DIANA R , STAATZ CHRISTINE E 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT:Aim:  The aim of this study was to develop a limited sampling strategy (LSS) for the simultaneous estimation of exposure to tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid and unbound prednisolone in adult kidney transplant recipients.Methods:  Tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid and unbound prednisolone area under the concentration–time curve profiles from 0 to 12 h post dose (AUC0‐12) were collected from 20 subjects. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to develop a LSS enabling the simultaneous estimation of exposure to all three drugs. Median percentage prediction error and median absolute percentage prediction error were calculated via jackknife analysis to evaluate bias and imprecision.Results:  LSS showed superior ability to predict exposure compared with single concentration–time points. A LSS incorporating concentration measurements at 0.5 h (C0.5), 2 h (C2) and 4 h (C4) post dose displayed acceptable predictive ability for all three drugs.Conclusion:  This LSS may serve as a useful research tool for further investigation of the utility of concentration monitoring of these medications.
Social anxiety score is high in adolescents with chronic migraine
Authors: Masruha Marcelo R. , Lin Jaime , Minett Thais S. C. , Vitalle Maria Sylvia de S. , Fisberg Mauro , Vilanova Luiz Celso P. , Peres Mario F. P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:  Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is a marked and persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others. It usually begins in mid‐adolescence and has a chronic course and interferes in academic, social, family and personal functioning. Recent studies have shown that social anxiety disorder is more prevalent in adults with migraine. Little evidence on this subject is available for the adolescent population.Methods:  This study was performed between August 2009 and August 2010; all patients were recruited in schools, pediatric or neuropediatric facilities, and were submitted to a detailed headache questionnaire, which consisted of demographic and clinical data. To evaluate social anxiety, the Social Phobia Inventory was used.Results:  A total of 151 subjects were evaluated: 50 had chronic migraine, 50 had episodic migraine and 51 were control subjects. In the chronic migraine group, the mean score in the Social Phobia Inventory was 18.5 ± 12.4, which was significantly higher than in the episodic migraine group (12.1 ± 8.1) and in the control group (13.8 ± 10.8; F2131= 4.8, P= 0.010). The mean score, however, was not significantly different between the control and episodic migraine groups.Conclusions:  Chronic migraine is strongly associated with high social anxiety score, regardless of demographic data and pain intensity. The total burden of migraine may be increased with social anxiety disorder comorbidity.
Do drivers intentionally target wildlife on roads?
Authors: BECKMANN CHRISTA , SHINE RICHARD 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDespite frequent reliance on surveys to document public attitudes towards conservation issues (such as invasive‐species control), only rarely do researchers assess the validity of statements made by the public in response to such surveys. Therefore, how well responses match actual behaviour remains an open question. We conducted a survey asking drivers if they had seen and/or run over (intentionally or not) snakes, native frogs or invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) on roads in the Northern Territory of Australia. To compare actual driver behaviour to the survey responses, we also carried out field experiments where we quantified the rates at which model snakes, frogs and toads (and controls) were run over on a rural highway. Our results show a discrepancy between survey responses and driver behaviour: for example, 25% of the people we surveyed indicated that they intentionally run over cane toads, yet field experiments showed that model toads were run over no more frequently than expected by chance, or than any other type of model.
CT‐guided percutaneous lung biopsy under general anesthesia: a pediatric case series and literature review
Authors: Naumann Heather , Pittaway Andy , Lynn Anne M. , Vo Nghia J. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryWe describe 14 consecutive children who received computed tomography‐guided percutaneous lung biopsy (CT‐PLB) under general anesthesia over an 18‐month period at our institution. Pulmonary hemorrhage (occurring in 36%) and pneumothorax (29%) were the two most common complications; the overall complication rate was 64%. When complications did occur, immediate airway management was facilitated by the presence of an endotracheal tube (ETT). We conclude as follows: (i) CT‐PLB in our series is associated with a high risk of both overall and severe complications; (ii) risk of complications is increased by both patient and procedure‐related factors; (iii) airway management with ETT may be preferable should a complication arise; (iv) severe complications may necessitate ICU admission, which should be available before proceeding.
Patients with diabetes are not more likely to have atypical symptoms when seeking care of a first myocardial infarction. An analysis of 4028 patients in the Northern Sweden MONICA Study
Authors: Ängerud K. H. , Brulin C. , Näslund U. , Eliasson M. 
Published: December 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, e82–e87 (2012)AbstractAim  To describe symptoms of a first myocardial infarction in men and women with and without diabetes.Methods  We conducted a population‐based study of 4028 people aged 25–74 years, with first myocardial infarction registered in the Northern Sweden Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease (MONICA) myocardial infarction registry between 2000 and 2006. Symptoms were classified as typical or atypical according to the World Health Organization MONICA manual.Results  Among patients with diabetes, 90.1% reported typical symptoms of myocardial infarction; the corresponding proportion among patients without diabetes was 91.5%. In the diabetes group, 88.8% of women and 90.8% of men had typical symptoms of myocardial infarction. No differences were found in symptoms of myocardial infarction between women with and without diabetes or between men with and without diabetes. Atypical symptoms were more prevalent in the older age groups (> 65 years) than in the younger age groups (< 65 years). The increases were approximately equal among men and women, with and without diabetes. Diabetes was not an independent predictor for having atypical symptoms of myocardial infarction.Conclusions  Typical symptoms of myocardial infarction were equally prevalent in patients with and without diabetes and there were no sex differences in symptoms among persons with diabetes. Diabetes was not a predictor of atypical symptoms.
Effectiveness of male‐only weight loss and weight loss maintenance interventions: a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Young M. D. , Morgan P. J. , Plotnikoff R. C. , Callister R. , Collins C. E. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThe objectives of this systematic review were to investigate the effectiveness of male‐only weight loss and weight loss maintenance interventions and to identify intervention characteristics associated with effectiveness. In May 2011, a systematic literature search with no date restrictions was conducted across eight databases. Twenty‐four articles describing 23 studies met the eligibility criteria. All studies included a weight loss intervention and four studies included an additional weight loss maintenance intervention. Study quality was mostly poor for weight loss studies (median = 3/10, range = 1–9) and weight loss maintenance studies (median = 3.5/10, range = 1–6). Twenty‐three of 31 individual weight loss interventions (74%) from the eligible studies were considered effective. Meta‐analysis revealed a significant difference in weight change favouring weight loss interventions over no‐intervention controls at the last reported assessment (weighted mean difference −5.66 kg [−6.35, −4.97], Z = 16.04 [P < 0.00001]). Characteristics common to effectiveness were younger sample (mean age ≤42.8 years), increased frequency of contact (>2.7 contacts/month), group face‐to‐face contact and inclusion of a prescribed energy restriction. Preliminary evidence suggests men‐only weight loss programmes may effectively engage and assist men with weight loss. However, more high‐quality studies are urgently needed to improve the evidence base, particularly for maintenance studies.
The Prevalence and Burden of Primary Headaches in China: A Population‐Based Door‐to‐Door Survey
Authors: Yu Shengyuan , Liu Ruozhuo , Zhao Gang , Yang Xiaosu , Qiao Xiangyang , Feng Jiachun , Fang Yannan , Cao Xiutang , He Mianwang , Steiner Timothy 
Published: December 2011

Objectives.— In the absence of reliable data on the prevalence and burden of primary headache disorders in the mainland of China, a population‐based survey was initiated by Lifting The Burden: the Global Campaign against Headache.Methods.— Throughout all regions of China, 5041 non‐related adult respondents aged 18‐65 years were randomly sampled from the general population according to the expanded programme on immunization method established by World Health Organization. They were visited by door‐to‐door calling and surveyed using the structured questionnaire developed by Lifting The Burden, translated into Chinese and adapted to Chinese culture after a pilot study.Results.— The responder rate was 94.1%. The estimated 1‐year prevalence of primary headache disorders was 23.8% (95% confidence interval 22.6‐25.0%), of migraine 9.3% (95% confidence interval 8.5‐10.1%), of tension‐type headache (TTH) 10.8% (9.9‐11.6%), and of chronic daily headache (CDH) 1.0% (0.7‐1.2%). Of respondents with migraine, TTH, and CDH, moderate or severe impact and therefore high need for effective medical care were reported by 38.0%, 23.1%, and 47.9%, respectively. The World Health Organization quality of life‐8 questionnaire showed that all 3 types of headache reduced life quality. The total estimated annual cost of primary headache disorders, including migraine, TTH, and CDH was CNY 672.7 billion, accounting for 2.24% of gross domestic product (GDP) (direct cost: CNY 108.8 billion, 0.36% of GDP; indirect cost: CNY 563.9 billion, 1.88% of GDP).Conclusion.— The prevalence of primary headaches is high in China and not dissimilar from the world average. These headaches cause disability, impair work, study and daily activities, decrease life quality, and bring about a heavy and hitherto unrecognized socioeconomic burden.
Long‐Term Determinants of Muscle Strength Decline: Prospective Evidence from the 22‐Year Mini‐Finland Follow‐Up Survey
Authors: Stenholm Sari , Tiainen Kristina , Rantanen Taina , Sainio Päivi , Heliövaara Markku , Impivaara Olli , Koskinen Seppo 
Published: December 2011

ObjectivesTo examine long‐term changes in handgrip strength and the factors predicting handgrip strength decline.DesignLongitudinal cohort study with 22 years of follow‐up.SettingPopulation‐based Mini‐Finland Health Examination Survey in Finland.ParticipantsNine hundred sixty‐three men and women aged 30 to 73 at baseline.MeasurementsHandgrip strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer at baseline and follow‐up. Information on potential risk factors, namely lifestyle and chronic conditions, and their changes throughout the follow‐up were based on health interviews.ResultsBased on linear mixed‐effect models, midlife physically strenuous work, excess body weight, smoking, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and asthma predicted muscle strength decline over 22 years of follow‐up (P < .05 for all). In addition, pronounced weight loss, becoming physically sedentary, persistent smoking, incident coronary heart disease, other cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic bronchitis, chronic back syndrome, long‐lasting cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and asthma were associated with accelerated handgrip strength decline (P < .05 for all).ConclusionLifestyle and physical health earlier in life determine rate of muscle strength decline in old age. Efforts should be made to recognize persons at risk in a timely manner and target early interventions to middle‐aged persons to slow down muscle strength decline and prevent future functional limitations and disability.
Geritalk: Communication Skills Training for Geriatric and Palliative Medicine Fellows
Authors: Kelley Amy S. , Back Anthony L. , Arnold Robert M. , Goldberg Gabrielle R. , Lim Betty B. , Litrivis Evgenia , Smith Cardinale B. , O'Neill Lynn B. 
Published: December 2011

Expert communication is essential to high‐quality care for older patients with serious illness. Although the importance of communication skills is widely recognized, formal curricula for teaching communication skills to geriatric and palliative medicine fellows is often inadequate or unavailable. The current study drew upon the educational principles and format of an evidence‐based, interactive teaching method to develop an intensive communication skills training course designed specifically to address the common communication challenges that geriatric and palliative medicine fellows face. The 2‐day retreat, held away from the hospital environment, included large‐group overview presentations, small‐group communication skills practice, and development of future skills practice commitment. Faculty received in‐depth training in small‐group facilitation techniques before the course. Geriatric and palliative medicine fellows were recruited to participate in the course and 100% (n = 18) enrolled. Overall satisfaction with the course was very high (mean 4.8 on a 5‐point scale). After the course, fellows reported an increase in self‐assessed preparedness for specific communication challenges (mean increase 1.4 on 5‐point scale, P < .001). Two months after the course, fellows reported a high level of sustained skills practice (mean 4.3 on 5‐point scale). In sum, the intensive communication skills program, customized for the specific needs of geriatric and palliative medicine fellows, improved fellows’ self‐assessed preparedness for challenging communication tasks and provided a model for ongoing deliberate practice of communication skills.
CD163 is not a sensitive marker for identification of atypical fibroxanthoma
Authors: Beer Trevor W. 
Published: December 2011

The histopathological features of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) overlap with those of poorly differentiated carcinoma, melanoma and leiomyosarcoma in the skin. As there are no specific stains to identify AFX, the diagnosis is essentially one of exclusion and requires completion of a panel of immunostains. Recently, it has been suggested that the macrophage/monocyte‐specific marker CD163 is of value in identifying AFX. To investigate this claim, 57 AFX were stained for CD163. Only 21 of 57 (37%) of AFX stained positively, and intratumoral macrophages confounded interpretation of the stain at times. In four cases, it was not possible to definitively interpret the tumor staining reaction because of this effect. While a lack of stainable CD163 antigenicity may indicate that AFX is not of histiocytic lineage, it is conceivable that expression of the antigen has been lost for some reason in cells that are in fact of macrophage lineage. In summary, CD163 only stains a minority of AFX and staining results can be difficult to interpret. CD163 is therefore of very limited value in the diagnosis of AFX.Beer TW. CD163 is not a sensitive marker for identification of atypical fibroxanthoma.
An unconventional deep penetrating melanocytic nevus with microscopic involvement of regional lymph nodes
Authors: McCalmont Timothy H. , Bastian Boris C. 
Published: December 2011

Editor's note: This manuscript represents a reprise of the preceding manuscript (J Cutan Pathol 2012; 39: 21–24). It has different conclusions. The wording of the case report section is very similar in both papers but has been included in both for the convenience of the reader. The illustrations are duplicated in both versions of the manuscript but the captions are not the same. The reader is encouraged to study both versions of the manuscript and consider the issue from both perspectives.McCalmont TH, Bastian BC. An unconventional deep penetrating melanocytic nevus with microscopic involvement of regional lymph nodes.