bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and initial validation of a disease-specific instrument to measure health-related quality of life in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Aronson Kerri I. , Rajan Mangala , Varadarajan Janani , Paul Tessy K. , Swigris Jeffrey J. , Krishnan Jamuna K. , Kaner Robert J. , Martinez Fernando J. , Safford Monika M. , Pinheiro Laura C. 
Published: May 2024

Rationale and objectiveDisease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments enable us to capture domains that are most relevant to specific patient populations and are useful when a more individualised approach to patient assessment is desired. In this study, we assessed the validity and reliability of the first instrument specifically developed to measure HRQOL in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP).MethodsA 39-item HP-HRQOL instrument and several anchors were collected from a cohort of patients with HP. Exploratory factor analysis and item reduction were utilised to construct a shortened version of the instrument. Several validity and reliability analyses were conducted on this version of the HP-HRQOL.Measurements and main results59 patients with HP completed the study. The revised HP-HRQOL instrument comprises 15 items composing two factors (domains): 1) impacts on daily life; and 2) mental wellbeing. Internal consistency reliability was strong for Factor 1 (Cronbach's α=0.94, 95% CI 0.92–0.96) and Factor 2 (Cronbach's α=0.89, 95% CI 0.85–0.94). Test–retest reliability was strong (ICC 0.94, 95% CI 0.89–0.97). The HP-HRQOL strongly correlated with other validated patient-reported outcome measures and moderately correlated with % predicted forced vital capacity. The HP-HRQOL distinguished between those with different severities of HP as determined by lung function and supplemental oxygen use.ConclusionsThe HP-HRQOL, the first patient-reported outcome instrument specific to adults with HP, possesses strong validity and reliability characteristics for measuring disease-specific HRQOL and distinguishes among patients with different severities of disease.
Emerging technology has a brilliant future: the CRISPR-Cas system for senescence, inflammation, and cartilage repair in osteoarthritis
Authors: Jia Shicheng , Liang Rongji , Chen Jiayou , Liao Shuai , Lin Jianjing , Li Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA), known as one of the most common types of aseptic inflammation of the musculoskeletal system, is characterized by chronic pain and whole-joint lesions. With cellular and molecular changes including senescence, inflammatory alterations, and subsequent cartilage defects, OA eventually leads to a series of adverse outcomes such as pain and disability. CRISPR-Cas-related technology has been proposed and explored as a gene therapy, offering potential gene-editing tools that are in the spotlight. Considering the genetic and multigene regulatory mechanisms of OA, we systematically review current studies on CRISPR-Cas technology for improving OA in terms of senescence, inflammation, and cartilage damage and summarize various strategies for delivering CRISPR products, hoping to provide a new perspective for the treatment of OA by taking advantage of CRISPR technology.
Moving together - benefits of an online dance program on physical and mental health for older women: an exploratory mixed-method study
Authors: Hansen Rasmus Kopp , Jochum Elizabeth , Egholm Ditte , Villumsen Morten , Hirata Rogerio Pessoto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Previous studies show that in-person dance training is a beneficial form of physical activity that involves mental, social, and physical dimensions. This exploratory study investigated the benefits of a 12-week online dance training intervention on mental and physical health outcomes for older women.

Methods
A convergent parallel mixed-method design was used. Forty-five older adults (74.0 ± 5.3 yrs old, 44 women) were recruited through advertisements at activity and rehabilitation centers in the North Denmark region. The intervention consisted of two weekly 60-min classes of improvisation and salsa delivered online through video call applications. Changes in physical health outcomes (body mass and composition, resting blood pressure, Senior Fitness Test battery) and self-rated health and wellbeing (health-related quality of life (HRQOL), feelings of loneliness) were assessed prior to and after 12 weeks of dancing. Focus group interviews were conducted post-intervention to further explore the benefits as well as the participant’s experience of the intervention. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data was conducted.

Results
Thirty-two participants (all women) completed the study. Significant improvements in fitness were found for the number of arm curls performed (baseline: 12.3 ± 3.0; post-intervention: 13.7 ± 3.0, P = 0.005), 2-min step test performance (baseline: 66.5 ± 20.0 reps.; post-intervention: 73.8 ± 22.6 reps., P = 0.016), and chair sit-and-reach (baseline: 0.4 ± 11.3 cm; post-intervention: 5.5 ± 10.1 cm, P < 0.001). There was a significant increase in body mass from baseline to post-intervention (P < 0.015). The themes from the focus groups included (1) Participation, (2) Challenges, (3) Progression, (4) Motivation, (5) Perceived health and wellbeing, and (6) Online dance instruction. No significant changes were reported in HRQOL and loneliness from the quantitative data, although the qualitative data did reveal improved feelings of physical health and wellbeing.

Conclusions
The intervention improved several aspects of fitness in older women and improved the participants’ perceptions of their own physical abilities and wellbeing. While most participants found the online intervention enjoyable, several participants missed the feedback from the instructors that naturally occurs with in-person instruction.
Association between serum sodium trajectory and mortality in patients with acute kidney injury: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Shanhe , Li Xiaojing , Chen Baorong , Zhong Yaqi , Li Yuewei , Huang Tucheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Dysnatremia is strongly associated with poor prognosis in acute kidney injury (AKI); however, the impact of sodium trajectories on the prognosis of patients with AKI has not yet been well elucidated. This study aimed to assess the association between sodium trajectories in patients with AKI and mortality at 30-day and 1-year follow-up.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study used data from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database, and patients diagnosed with AKI within 48 h after admission were enrolled. Group-based trajectory models (GBTM) were applied to map the developmental course of the serum sodium fluctuations. Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to compare differences in mortality in AKI patients with distinct serum sodium trajectories. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated to determine the association between trajectories and prognosis using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results
A total of 9,314 AKI patients were enrolled. Three distinct sodium trajectories were identified including: (i) stable group (ST, in which the serum sodium levels remained relatively stable, n = 4,935; 53.0%), (ii) descending group (DS, in which the serum sodium levels declined, n = 2,994; 32.15%) and (iii) ascending group (AS, in which the serum sodium levels were elevated, n = 1,383; 14.85%). There was no significant difference in age and gender distribution among the groups. The 30-day mortality rates were 7.9% in ST, 9.5% in DS and 16.6% in AS (p < 0.001). The results of 1-year mortality rates were similar (p < 0.001). In adjusted analysis, patients in the DS (HR = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.43, p = 0.015) and AS (HR = 1.68, 95% CI, 1.42–2.01, p = 0.013) groups had higher risks of 30-day mortality compared to those in the ST group.

Conclusion
In patients with AKI, the serum sodium trajectories were independently associated with 30-day and 1-year mortality. Association between serum sodium level trajectories and prognosis in patients with AKI deserve further study.
Does the use of antenatal corticosteroids reduce respiratory morbidity in babies born in late preterm period?
Authors: Shittu Khadijah A. , Ahmed Bolaji , Rabiu Kabiru Afolarin , Akinlusi Fatimat , Akinola Oluwarotimi I. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of antenatal corticosteroid in reducing respiratory morbidity in babies born in the late preterm period.

Methods
Two hundred and eighty-six pregnant women at risk of having a late preterm delivery were studied. One hundred and forty-three (143) served as the cases and were given 2 doses of 12 mg intramuscular dexamethasone 12 h apart, while 143 served as the controls and were given a similar quantity of placebo. The women were followed up prospectively and data were collected on the pregnant women and their newborns on a standardized form. The neonates were assessed for acute respiratory distress syndrome and transient tachypnea of the newborn based on clinical signs, symptoms, and chest x-ray results (when indicated). The primary outcome was the occurrence of neonatal respiratory morbidity.

Results
The primary outcome occurred in 5 out of 130 infants (3.8%) in the dexamethasone group and 31 out of 122 (25.4%) in the placebo group (P value = 0.000003). Birth asphyxia, neonatal intensive care admission and need for active resuscitation at birth also occurred significantly less frequently in the dexamethasone group (P value 0.004, 0.009, 0.014 respectively). There were no significant group differences in the incidence of neonatal sepsis, neonatal jaundice, hypoglycemia and feeding difficulties.

Conclusions
Administration of dexamethasone to women at risk for late preterm delivery significantly reduced the rate of neonatal respiratory complications, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and need for active resuscitation at birth.

Trial registration
PACTR (www.pactr.org) Registration Number: PACTR202304579281358. The study was retrospectively registered on April 19, 2023.
Relationship between socioeconomic status and hypertension incidence among adults in southwest China: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Luo Tao , Lin Shenrong , Zhang Wenying , Li Xuejiao , Wang Yiying , Zhou Jie , Liu Tao , Wu Guofeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the correlation between socioeconomic status (SES) and the incidence of hypertension among adults aged 18 or above in southwest China.

Methods
A multistage proportional stratified cluster sampling method was employed to recruited 9280 adult residents from 12 counties in southwest China, with all participants in the cohort tracked from 2016 to 2020. The questionnaire survey gathered information on demographics, lifestyle habits, and household income. The physical exam recorded height, weight, and blood pressure. Biochemical tests measured cholesterol levels. The chi-square test was employed to assess the statistical differences among categorical variables, while the Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to evaluate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the incidence of hypertension.

Results
The finally effective sample size for the cohort study was 3546 participants, after excluding 5734 people who met the exclusion criteria. Adults in the highest household income group had a significantly lower risk of hypertension compared to those in the lowest income group (HR = 0.636, 95% CI: 0.478–0.845). Besides, when compared to individuals in the illiterate population, the risk of hypertension among adults with elementary school, junior high school, senior high school and associate degree educational level decreased respectively by 34.4% (HR = 0.656, 95%CI: 0.533–0.807), 44.9% (HR = 0.551, 95%CI: 0.436–0.697), 44.9% (HR = 0.551, 95%CI: 0.405–0.750), 46.1% (HR = 0.539, 95%CI: 0. 340–0.854). After conducting a thorough analysis of socioeconomic status, compared with individuals with a score of 6 or less, the risk of hypertension in participants with scores of 8, 10, 11, 12, and greater than 12 decreased respectively by 23.9% (HR = 0.761, 95%CI: 0.598–0.969), 29.7% (HR = 0.703, 95%CI: 0.538–0.919), 34.0% (HR = 0.660, 95%CI: 0.492–0.885), 34.3% (HR = 0.657, 95%CI: 0.447–0.967), 43.9% (HR = 0.561, 95%CI: 0.409–0.769).

Conclusion
The findings indicate a negative correlation between socioeconomic status and hypertension incidence among adults in southwest China, suggesting that individuals with higher socioeconomic status are less likely to develop hypertension.
Help-seeking processes related to targeted school-based mental health services: systematic review
Authors: McPhail Lauren , Thornicroft Graham , Gronholm Petra C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
One in seven adolescents globally are affected by mental health conditions, yet only a minority receive professional help. School-based mental health services have been endorsed as an effective way to increase access to mental health support for people at risk, or currently presenting with mental health conditions, throughout adolescence. Despite this, low treatment utilisation prevails, therefore the aim of this review is to contribute insights into the processes related to adolescents’ accessing and engaging with essential targeted mental health support within schools.

Methods
This systematic review extracted qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods data to determine what processes affect adolescents seeking help from targeted school-based mental health services (TSMS). Searches were conducted in EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, Web of Science, in addition to manual searching and expert consultations. Data were synthesised following guidelines for thematic synthesis and narrative style synthesis.

Results
The search resulted in 22 articles reflecting 16 studies with participant sample sizes ranging from n = 7 to n = 122. Three main themes were identified: ‘access-related factors’, ‘concerns related to stigma’, and ‘the school setting’. These findings elucidate how help-seeking processes are variable and can be facilitated or hindered depending on the circumstance. We identified disparities with certain groups, such as those from low-socio economic or ethnic minority backgrounds, facing more acute challenges in seeking help. Help-seeking behaviours were notably influenced by concerns related to peers; an influence further accentuated by minority groups given the importance of social recognition. Conflicting academic schedules significantly contribute to characterising treatment barriers.

Conclusions
The findings of this review ought to guide the delivery and development of TSMS to facilitate access and promote help-seeking behaviours. Particularly, given the evidence gaps identified in the field, future studies should prioritise investigating TSMS in low- and middle-income settings and through quantitative methodologies.

Registration
The protocol for this systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (ID CRD42023406824).
Changes in physical activity in people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis before and after virtual pulmonary rehabilitation: a feasibility study
Authors: O’Shea Orlagh , Murphy Grainne , Fox Lynn , O’Reilly Katherine M.A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended for the treatment of people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Physical activity is an important health behaviour, closely linked to survival in people with IPF. Little is known about the impact of virtual (V) PR on physical activity in people with IPF.

Objective
To explore the feasibility of conducting a trial to explore effect of virtual PR on objectively measured physical activity in people with IPF.

Methods
All patients with a diagnosis of IPF in a stable phase of the disease were invited to participate in VPR: a 10 week exercise programme delivered twice-weekly for one hour. Data were collected at baseline (BL) and post VPR (10 weeks): Kings Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (K-BILD), Exercise capacity (6-minute walk test (6MWT) or 1-minute sit-to-stand (STS)) and Physical Activity. Physical activity was measured with a triaxial accelerometer for seven days. Screening, recruitment, adherence and safety data were collected.

Results
68 people were screened for this study. N = 16 participants were recruited to the study. There was one dropout. N = 15 completed VPR. All results reported in mean (standard deviation) (SD). Participants attended 18.1(2.0) of the 20 sessions. No adverse events were detected. The mean age of participants was 71.5(11.5) years, range: 47–95 years; 7 M:9 F. Mean (SD) FEV1 2.3(0.3)L, FVC 2.8(0.7)L. No statistically significant changes were observed in outcome measures apart from exercise capacity. Light physical activity increased from 152(69.4) minutes per day (n = 16) to 161.9(88.7) minutes per day (n = 14), mean change (SD) (CI) p-value: 9.9 (39.8) [-12.3 to 30.9] p = 0.4. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity increased from 19.1(18.6) minutes per day (n = 16) to 25.7(28.3) minutes per day (n = 14), mean change (SD) (CI) p-value: 6.7 (15.5) [-2.1 to 15.1] p = 0.1. Step count increased from 3838(2847) steps per day (n = 16) to 4537(3748) steps per day (n = 14), mean change (SD) (CI) p-value: 738 (1916) [-419.3 to 1734.6] p = 0.2. K-BILD (n = 15) increased from 55.1(7.4) at BL to 55.7(7.9) post VPR mean change (SD) [95% confidence interval] (CI) p-value: 1.7(6.5) [-1.7 to 5.3], p = 0.3. 6MWT (n = 5) increased from 361.5(127.1) to 452.2(136.1) meters, mean change (SD) (CI) p-value: 63.7 (48.2) [-3.8 to 123.6], p = 0.04 and 1-minute STS increased from 17.6(3.0) (n = 11) to 23.7(6.3) (n = 10), mean change (SD) (CI) p-value 5.8 (4.6) [2.6 to 9.1], p = 0.003.

Conclusion
VPR can improve physical activity in people with IPF. A number of important feasibility issues included recruitment, retention, adherence and safety have been reported which are crucial for future research in this area. A fully powered trial is needed to determine the response of people with IPF to PR with regard to physical activity.
Causal roles of educational duration in bone mineral density and risk factors for osteoporosis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Qin Yujun , Yang Xia , Ning Zong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Educational duration might play a vital role in preventing the occurrence and development of osteoporosis(OP).

Purpose
To assess the causal effect of educational duration on bone mineral density(BMD) and risk factors for OP by Mendelian randomization(MR) study.

Methods
The causal relationship was analyzed using data from genome-wide association study(GWAS). Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main analysis method. Horizontal pleiotropy was identified by MR-Egger intercept test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test. The leave-one-out method was used as a sensitivity analysis.

Results
The IVW results indicated that there was a positive causal relationship between educational duration and BMD (OR = 1.012, 95%CI:1.003–1.022), physical activity(PA) (OR = 1.156, 95%CI:1.032–1.295), calcium consumption (OR = 1.004, 95%CI:1.002–1.005), and coffee intake (OR = 1.019, 95%CI:1.014–1.024). There was a negative association between whole body fat mass (OR = 0.950, 95%CI:0.939–0.961), time for vigorous PA (OR = 0.955, 95%CI:0.939–0.972), sunbath (OR = 0.987, 95%CI:0.986–0.989), salt consumption (OR = 0.965, 95%CI:0.959–0.971), fizzy drink intake (OR = 0.985, 95%CI:0.978–0.992), smoking (OR = 0.969, 95%CI:0.964–0.975), and falling risk (OR = 0.976, 95%CI:0.965–0.987). There was no significant association between educational duration and lean mass, time for light-to-moderate PA, milk intake, and alcohol intake. Horizontal pleiotropy was absent in this study. The results were robust under sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion
A longer educational duration was causally linked with increased BMD. No causal relationship had been found between educational duration and lean mass, time for light-to-moderate PA, milk intake, and alcohol consumption as risk factors for osteoporosis.
Evaluating empathy level amongst the dental students using jefferson scale of physician empathy- health professional students
Authors: Alam Beenish Fatima , Bashir Raima , Nayab Talha , Hussain Talib , Babar Bilal Zaman , Jan Syed Hassan , Fahim Faisal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Empathy is described as one’s ability to perceive and apprehend another person’s feelings, situation, emotions, and problems as their own. Empathetic behavior increases patients’ satisfaction, reduces discomfort, and helps with patient’s satisfaction.

Objective
To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Jefferson Empathy Scale and compare the measure of invariance within genders and amongst the public and private sector dental students.

Method
This cross-sectional study utilized JSE-HPS version for research purpose. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to detect underlying factors. Reliability of the study tool was evaluated using Cronbach alpha test. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the differences in scores between genders and among public and private university students while Student’s t analysis compared the scores according to different domains. The level of significance was ≤ 0.05.

Results
Females demonstrated higher empathy levels (88.52 ± 14.19) along with private institute students (88.46 ± 13.98). Perspective taking and compassionate care domain was also scored highest by the females (31.73 ± 6.49 & 29.31 ± 6.22) and among second year students (33.30 ± 7.11 & 30.50 ± 7.16). PCA analysis extracted 4 factors namely (i) Health-care-provider’s sense of humor contributed to improved outcome (ii) Health-care provider’s understanding of patients’ feelings and of their families influences treatment outcomes (iii) Understanding body language is as important as verbal communication and (iv) Patients feel better when their feelings are understood, which accounted for the 59.51% of the total variance.

Conclusion
The findings revealed that students from private institute and females demonstrated higher empathy score. Moreover, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) was found to be a reliable and validated tool for assessment of empathy in our sample population.