bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ORIGINAL RESEARCH: Characteristics of risk in patients of nurse practitioner safety net practices
Authors: Fiandt Kathryn , Doeschot Christy , Lanning Julie , Latzke Lorrie 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the characteristics of vulnerability in patients at safety net practices where nurse practitioners (NPs) provide the majority of the health care and to discuss the implications regarding patient data collection for all NPs who provide safety net care. Data Sources: Data were collected from patients at four safety net practices: a rural health clinic, a rural nurse‐managed health clinic, an urban nurse‐managed health clinic, and an urban Indian health clinic. Conclusions: The users of these practices reflected a significant degree of risk for poor health outcomes based on characteristics of risk identified in the literature. Patients seen in nurse‐managed health clinics without federal subsidies had more risk that those in federally supported clinics. Implications for Practice: Given the increasing evidence of the impact of social and environment factors on poor health outcomes, the importance of assessing and describing the characteristics of risk is discussed. These data are essential for supporting the value of these NP‐provided safety net services to healthcare insurers and federal health policy makers.
Participation in Physical Activity Among Normal‐ and Overweight Hispanic and Non‐Hispanic White Adolescents
Authors: Stovitz Steven D. , Steffen Lyn M. , Boostrom Ardys 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTBackground:  The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between weight status and participation in physical activity (PA) among Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white (NHW) adolescent boys and girls.Methods:  In this cross‐sectional study, height and weight were measured and a modified 2001 Youth Risk Behavior Survey was administered to 1302 Hispanic and NHW adolescents, aged 14‐17 years, attending high school in Nueces County, Texas. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relation between weight status (normal weight or “at risk for overweight and overweight” [AR&O]) and PA, including moderate PA, vigorous PA, strength training, participation in team sports, and TV viewing, according to gender and ethnicity.Results:  Thirty‐eight percent of adolescents were AR&O, including 32% and 48% of Hispanic girls and boys, respectively, and 22% and 35% of NHW girls and boys, respectively. As expected, boys reported participating in more PAs than girls. Compared with NHW girls, both normal weight and AR&O Hispanic girls reported significantly fewer bouts of moderate activity, less involvement in team sports, and more time watching TV. Normal weight boys reported participating in significantly more vigorous activity than those who were AR&O. Hispanic boys reported more strength training than NHWs; however, they watched significantly more hours of TV than NHW boys.Conclusions:  Hispanic and NHW high school students reported participation in different PAs; this information may be useful for planning health and physical education curriculum.
Feasibility of a Pilot Programme to Increase Awareness of Blood Pressure as an Important Risk Factor for Stroke in Australia
Authors: Kilkenny Monique F. , Johnson Roslyn R. , Cadilhac Dominique A. 
Published: September 2010

Background: Reduction of blood pressure represents one of the most effective means of reducing stroke risk. However, lack of community awareness and uncontrolled blood pressure remain a significant problem. In 2007, the National Stroke Foundation (Australia) conducted the ***‘Know Your Numbers' pilot programme to improve community knowledge, based on a similar UK programme developed by the Blood Pressure Association. We aimed to determine the success of the pilot in improving knowledge and in identifying factors to improve the programme. Methods: Pharmacy Guild of Australia and Rotary International recruited volunteers to provide a ‘free’ blood pressure check and educational resources between 25 and 27 October 2007 via ‘pressure stations’. Evaluation methods: registration log and a survey of a ‘one in 10 sample’ at baseline and 3 months. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: 77 out of 104 pressure stations returned data. The median tested per pressure station: 29 (interquartile range 19, 50), 66% tested by pharmacy and 32% by Rotary. Of the 2834 registrants (58% female, 55% aged < 55 years), 46% had ‘high’ readings (>140/90 mmHg). Of those with high readings, 45% reported no history of high blood pressure and ***one-third of the registrants were unaware of their blood pressure level. There was evidence of improved knowledge at the 3-month follow-up, with most participants with high blood pressure (85%, n = 22) being reviewed by their doctor. Conclusion: The ‘Know Your Numbers' pilot programme was a successful model for improving knowledge of blood pressure as an important stroke risk factor and encouraging individuals with high blood pressure to be reviewed by their doctor. Further programmes with evaluation are being planned.
Ten Years of Stroke Programmes in Poland: Where Did we Start? Where Did we Get To?
Authors: Członkowska Anna , Niewada Maciej , Sarzyñska-Długosz Iwona , Kobayashi Adam , Skowroñska Marta 
Published: September 2010

Risk factors and a high stroke mortality rate are a heavy stroke burden on Central and Eastern European countries. The 1995 Helsingborg Declaration outlined the aim of the coming decade was to improve patient care. In Poland it led to the foundation of the National Stroke Prevention and Treatment Programme, (1998-2008) which later became part of the National Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment Programme. The aim: Improve acute and postacute management Implement innovative therapies Develop poststroke rehabilitation, and Monitor epidemiology. Establishing and equipping stroke units has raised their number from three to 111. Thrombolysis for stroke and carotid angioplasty and stenting procedures were supported and supervised. The needs in poststroke rehabilitation were assessed and services have improved due to the support of the programme. Continuous monitoring of patient care proved that the mortality and disability rates have decreased and the quality of treatment has improved.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor‐like neuropeptide is secreted as a neurohormone from specific brain neurons into the corpus allatum in the silkworm Bombyx mori
Authors: KIM Mi Young , SONG Hwa Young , KIM Soon Ok , KANG Pil Don , KWON Ohseok , LEE Bong Hee 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the secretion of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‐like neuropeptide in the silkworm, Bombyx mori , by using immunocytochemical techniques on the brain and retrocerebral complex of fifth instar larvae. In the brain, four pairs of median neurosecretory cell (MNC) bodies and six pairs of lateral neurosecretory cell (LNC) bodies had distinct immunoreactivities to this peptide, suggesting that this peptide is produced from two types of brain neuron. These reactivities were much stronger in the MNC than in the LNC. Labeled MNC projected their axons into the contralateral corpora allata, to which axons of labeled MNC were eventually innervated, through decussation in the median region, contralateral nerve corporis cardiaci I and nerve corpora allata I. Labeled LNC extended their axons into the ipsilateral corpora allata to be innervated through the ipsilateral nerve corporis cardiaci II and nerve corpora allata I. These results suggest that BDNF is secreted as a neurohormone from MNC and LNC of the brain into the corpora allata.
Ephemeropteran community structure and spatial stability of local populations of the major species group in the Keumho River
Authors: LEE Sung Jin , PARK Jae Heung , RO Tae Ho 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study was conducted to analyze the community structure of mayflies and stabilizing points for the local populations in relation to longitudinal changes in the Keumho River, Korea. A total of 22 ephemeropteran species occurred in the main riverine system during the sampling period of 3 years. The results indicated that Baetis fuscatus (mean density of 117.3 individuals/m2), Ecdyonurus levis (54.1), Uracanthella rufa (51.3) and Caenis KUa (49.9) comprised the major species group of the ephemeropteran community. The results of statistical analyses showed that these four species were distinguished from the others in terms of their mean densities. Longitudinal patterns based on total species numbers and numbers of individuals were characterized into three phases. A new approach was applied to analyze stabilized points for local populations based on the River Continuum Concept and density‐dependent mechanisms among local populations in a metapopulation. Stabilized local populations of B. fuscatus and E. levis occurred coincidentally at two points that were approximately 45 and 75 km away from the Youngchun Dam. Caenis KUa was locally stabilized at two points that were 40 and 60 km away from the dam. Uracanthella rufa showed only one stabilized local population at a point approximately 80 km away from the dam. The diversity index for the ephemeropteran community was compared with that calculated for the benthic macroinvertebrate community, and their similarity is discussed.
Expression and purification ofArtogeia rapaelysozyme II cDNA in a baculovirus/insect cell system
Authors: BANG In Seok , YOE Sung Moon , KANG Chang Soo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPreviously, theArtogeia rapaelysozyme II (ARLII) gene was isolated and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined by RACE‐PCR from fat body of larvae injected withEscherichia coli. In the present study, the ARLII gene was expressed by using a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). The expression level of recombinant (r)ARLII protein was optimized by varying virus titer and time‐course of infection. The optimum protein expression conditions were infection of the cells at a multiplicity of infection of 10, and harvest at 84 h post‐infection. Under these conditions, we estimated the amount of rARLII produced in the BEVS to be 10 mg/mL. rARLII was purified from cell‐conditioned media using cation exchange column and reversed‐phase FPLC methods. Purified rARLII was able to form a clear zone in a lysoplate assay againstMicrococcus luteus. The lytic activity was estimated to be 1.53 times higher than that of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWLZ) under the same conditions. The optimum temperature for the lytic activity of the rARLII was 50°C, and its temperature dependency was greater than that of HEWLZ at low temperatures (<65°C).
An evaluation of Merocel and Series 5000 nasal packs in patients following nasal surgery: a prospective randomised trial
Authors: Bresnihan M. , Mehigan B. , Curran A. 
Published: September 2010

Objective:  The primary objective of this study was to compare postoperative pain levels between Merocel and Series 5000 nasal packs.Design:  A prospective randomised, single blind, paired control trial.Setting:  A single consultant in two tertiary Otolaryngology units.Participants:  Twenty‐four adults, ASA 1, who underwent septoplasty, endoscopic sinus surgery or both, were considered after exclusion criteria were applied: bleeding abnormalities, patients taking anticoagulant medications and any significant co‐morbidity requiring admission beyond 24‐h postoperatively. Twenty‐one patients were randomly assigned to have one side of their nose packed with Merocel pack and the other with Series 5000 overnight.Main outcome measures:  The difference in pain levels, using a visual analogue scale, both with the pack in situ and on removal.Results:  In 20 patients, the mean pain scores while the packs were in situ were 3.78 for Merocel and 3.62 for Series 5000 and was not found to be significantly different (P = 0.65. 95% CI = −0.57–0.89). The mean pain score on removal of the Merocel pack was five and for the Series 5000 was 3.08. The Series 5000 pack was significantly less painful than Merocel on removal (P < 0.0001. 95% CI = 1.11–2.7). Both were equally effective in their stability and haemostatic effect.Conclusions:  Both the Merocel and Series 5000 packs are effective packs regarding haemostasis and have equivalent pain levels while in situ. However, the Series 5000 pack was significantly less painful on removal of the pack.
Salvage optic nerve decompression for traumatic blindness under nasal endoscopy: risk and benefit analysis
Authors: Li H.B. , Shi J.B. , Cheng L. , Yun O. , Xu G. 
Published: September 2010

Objectives:  Transnasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression was recommended to treat traumatic optic neuropathy as an effectively adjunctive procedure. The aim of this study was to assess the risks and benefits of salvage surgical decompression for complete vision loss (no light detection) after failure of mega‐dose steroid therapy.Design:  Retrospective study.Setting:  Two hospitals in Guangzhou and Nanjing, China.Participants:  Forty‐two patients of traumatic optic neuropathy with complete vision loss and failed to improve after steroid therapy for at least 3 days.Main outcome measures:  All patients were treated by transnasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression and received follow‐up for at least 6 month. Vision improvement and complications were evaluated.Results:  Transnasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression was performed successfully in 40 patients and was incomplete in two patients due to bleeding. Vision improved in four of 42 patients (9.5%) of traumatic optic neuropathy with complete vision loss and failed steroid therapy. Complications and sequelae included severe bleeding (two cases), cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (one case), nasal polyps (seven cases), chronic sinusitis (four cases) and nasal synechia (17 cases).Conclusion:  Transnasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression was recommended as a minimally invasive, safe procedure, but complications and sequelae of the surgery should not be neglected. Based on the risk and benefit analysis, we conclude that the very poor surgical outcomes of this series do not support endoscopic optic nerve decompression for traumatic blindness.
Subjects: Grammatical Relations, Grammatical Functions and Functional Categories
Authors: Paul Ileana 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of how the notion of ‘subject’ has been defined in linguistic theory. Although the term developed out of Artistotelian logic, its use has been narrowed to refer to the grammatical relation (or function). Over the past 50 years, the definition of subject and its universality have been the source of much debate. Broadly Chomskian approaches claim that grammatical relations such as subject are not primitives of the grammar and can be derived from phrase structure. As such, testing for the subject involves constituency tests (more recent versions of Chomskian syntax, however, abstract away from constituency). Other approaches (Relational Grammar, Lexical‐Function Grammar) posit grammatical relations as primitives of the grammar that are not necessarily related to constituency. And at the other extreme, certain linguists argue that subjects are not found in all languages and therefore the notion is not one of interest (e.g. Role and Reference Grammar). This paper reviews the various analyses of subjects and considers in some detail how the notion of subject has evolved within the Chomskian framework.
(Re)Greening the City: Urban Park Restoration as a Spatial Fix
Authors: Birge‐Liberman Phil 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUrban sustainability has emerged as a priority field of research for urban geographers. This article offers a critical review of the park restoration and green city movements. I will begin by using an urban political ecology lens to engage in the geographical history of urban parks in America. I will explore the prior treatment of park making in America, paying particular attention to the historiographic issues raised and the large gap in the literature: that parks were engineered urban ecosystems in a political‐economic setting and set into the historical–geographical crises of capitalism. I will examine the ways that parks, as engineered urban ecosystems, acted as a spatial fix to the crises of capitalism under dialectical policy regimes. I will argue that parks have never truly been democratic spaces and have suffered under egalitarian policy regimes, while prospering under elitist policy regimes. This article is illustrated with case study material from research on park restoration in Boston, Massachusetts, and concludes with an examination of the future of urban parks.
Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generation by Luminescent 2‐(2′‐Thienyl)Pyridyl Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes and Their Calixarene Derivatives
Authors: Lai Siu‐Wai , Liu Ying , Zhang Dong , Wang Bin , Lok Chun‐Nam , Che Chi‐Ming , Selke Matthias 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLuminescent cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes, namely [Pt(Thpy)(PPh3)X]n+ (HThpy = 2‐(2′‐thienyl)pyridine; X = Cl− (1), n = 0; X = CH3CN (2), pyridine (3), n = 1) and [Pt(Thpy)(HThpy)Y]n+ (Y = Cl− (4), n = 0; Y = pyridine (5), n = 1), exhibit structured emission with peak maximum at ∼556 and 598 nm in degassed acetonitrile and with emission quantum yield and lifetime of up to 0.38 and 26 μs, respectively. These complexes are efficient photosensitizers of singlet oxygen with yields up to >90%. Complex 5 exhibited photocytotoxicity towards cancer cells and fluorescence microscopic images of cells incubated with 5 reveal substantial uptake at the nucleus and mitochondria.
Measurement and reporting of the duration of untreated psychosis
Authors: Large Matthew , Nielssen Olav , Slade Tim , Harris Anthony 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic, illness and methodological factors associated with mean and median duration of untreated psychosis (DUP).Methods: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the published studies of DUP and an examination of available DUP distributions.Results: DUP was longer in samples with a higher proportion of patients with schizophrenia and was shorter in samples that included affective psychosis. Sex, age, and the methods of measuring the onset and end‐point of DUP and the type of service in which the studies were performed did not contribute to the heterogeneity of the mean or median DUP values. Mean DUP is significantly prolonged by a small number of patients, and the median DUP is a poor indicator of the rate at which patients present.Conclusions: The DUP of patients with affective and non‐affective psychosis should be examined separately in order to make measures of DUP more meaningful and comparable, and DUP should be reported using more comprehensive measures. We suggest a method of reporting DUP based on the rate of presentation of first‐episode psychosis patients rather than the length of DUP.
REVIEW: Stem Cell Therapy in Cardiovascular Disorders
Authors: Krause Korff , Schneider Carsten , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Jaquet Kai 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYHeart insufficiency remains the leading cause of death despite pharmacological and interventional therapy as well as primary and secondary prevention. Laboratory research on cardiac repair implementing stem cells and progenitor cells has raised great expectations as well as controversies. The potential of diverse progenitor cells to repair damaged heart tissue includes replacement (tissue transplant), restoration (activation of resident cardiac progenitor cells, paracrine effects), and regeneration (stem cell engraftment forming new myocytes). Based on promising experimental results clinical trials including several hundreds of patients with ischemic heart disease have been initiated using mostly bone marrow‐derived cells. Probably, due to a lack of standardization of cell isolation and delivery methods these trials showed controverse results regarding effectiveness. However, significant therapeutic regeneration of human myocardium could not be proven until now. Several issues are at debate concerning the translation of the experimental data into the clinic discussing the adequate cell type, dosing, timing, and delivery mode of myocardial stem cell therapy. This review focusses on the potential and clinical translation of cell based therapies in cardiovascular disease.
Main Mineralization Mechanism of Magmatic Sulphide Deposits in China
Authors: Zhongli Tang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBefore intruding, primary magmas have undergone liquation and partial crystallization at depth; as a result the magmas are partitioned into barren magma, ore–bearing magma, ore–rich magma and ore magma, which then ascend and are injected into the present locations once or multiple times, thus forming ore deposits. The above–mentioned mineralizing process is known as deep–seated magmatic liquation–injection mineralization. The volume of the barren magma is generally much larger than those of the ore—bearing magma, ore—rich magma and ore magma. In the ascending process, most of the barren magma intrudes into different locations or outpours onto the ground surface, forming intrusions or lava flows. The rest barren magma, ore–bearing magma, ore–rich magma and ore magma may either multiple times inject into the same space in which rocks and ores are formed or separately inject into different spaces in which rocks and ores are formed. The intrusions containing such deep–seated magmatic liquation–injection deposits have a much smaller volume, greater ore potential and higher ore grade than that of in–situ magmatic liquation deposits. Consequently this mineralizing process results in the formation of large deposits in small intrusions.
Isotopic Geochronological Evidence for the Caledonian Xiongdian Eclogite in the Northwestern Dabie Mountains, China
Authors: Ping Jian , Weiran Yang , Zhichang Li , Huifang Zhou 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA typical HP/MT (high pressure/medium temperature) eclogite from Xiongdian, northwestern Dabie Mountains, has been geochronologically studied using the single–zircon U–Pb, 40Ar–39Ar and Sm–Nd methods. Prismatic zircons occurring as inclusions within garnets define a minimum crystallization age of 399.5 ± 1.6 Ma. 40Ar–39Ar dating on amphibole gives a plateau age of 399.2 ± 4 Ma, which is interpreted as a retrogression age of amphibolite facies. This integrated study enables us to conclude that the age of high–pressure metamorphism is older than 399.5 ± 1.6 Ma, suggesting Caledonian collision between the North China and Yangtze plates. Round zircon within the aggregate of quartz and muscovite gives a concordant age of 301 ± 2 Ma, reflecting a later retrogression event. An age profile of post–eclogite metamorphism is documented, including amphibolite facies metamorphism at 399.2 Ma shortly after eclogitization and later retrogressive metamorphism at 301 Ma. Sm–Nd mineral isochron of garnet+omphacite gives an unreasonable age of 544 ± 23 Ma, which is quite older than that of prismatic zircon and may be attributed to isotopic disturbance by retrogression.