bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hope as a practice in the face of existential crises: Resident‐activist research within and beyond the academy
Authors: Clarke Amy , Rogaly Ben , Senker Cath 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIs it foolish to talk or write about hope in the face of widespread existential crises? Our answer is ‘no’. On the contrary, hope is more necessary the bleaker things become. In this article, we explore hope as a practice. Influenced by the abolition geography of Ruth Wilson Gilmore, we build on John Holloway's argument that such practices start from ourselves, where we are and our own capacities, and overflow that which contains us. We write as resident‐activists within three community organisations in the place we live in. Extending existing geographical literature, we show how our resident‐activism is distinct from, yet also entangled with, scholar‐activism and the struggles, contradictions and potential solidarities found in the UK's marketised universities. This way of working can itself be seen as a practice of hope. The article further explores practices of hope that emerge within the three organisations. Though emplaced, these practices are not confined in space or time, drawing rather on history as a resource and connecting with broader national and international processes. The article concludes by using Holloway's concept of rage‐joy to bring together practices of hope across the three organisations and among us as resident‐activists and participants in industrial action over pay, casualisation, workloads, equalities and pensions in UK universities. The result is a capacity to see the human in each other, a necessary step in resisting resurgent fascist politics and addressing existential crises.
Factor XII and prekallikrein promote microvascular inflammation and psoriasis in mice
Authors: Zhang Yurong , Chen Zengrong , Guo Junyan , Wan Qing , Zhang Yingjie , Li Huihui , Rao Haojie , Yang Jianfeng , Xu Pengfei , Chen Hong , Wang Miao 
Published: June 2024

Background and PurposePsoriasis is an autoimmune inflammatory skin disease, featuring microvascular abnormalities and elevated levels of bradykinin. Contact activation of Factor XII can initiate the plasma kallikrein‐kinin cascade, producing inflammation and angioedema. The role of Factor XII in psoriasis is unknown.Experimental ApproachThe effects of deficiency of Factor XII or its enzymatic substrate, prekallikrein, were examined in the imiquimod‐induced mouse model of psoriasis. Skin microcirculation was assessed using intravital confocal microscopy and laser Doppler flowmeter. A novel antibody blocking Factor XII activation was evaluated for psoriasis prevention.Key ResultsExpression of Factor XII was markedly up‐regulated in human and mouse psoriatic skin. Genetic deletion of Factor XII or prekallikrein, attenuated imiquimod‐induced psoriatic lesions in mice. Psoriatic induction increased skin microvascular blood perfusion, causing vasodilation, hyperpermeability and angiogenesis. It also promoted neutrophil‐vascular interaction, inflammatory cytokine release and enhanced Factor XII / prekallikrein enzymatic activity with elevated bradykinin. Factor XII or prekallikrein deficiency ameliorated these microvascular abnormalities and abolished bradykinin increase. Antagonism of bradykinin B2 receptors reproduced the microvascular protection of Factor XII / prekallikrein deficiency, attenuated psoriatic lesions, and prevented protection by Factor XII / prekallikrein deficiency against psoriasis. Furthermore, treatment of mice with Factor XII antibody alleviated experimentally induced psoriasis and suppressed microvascular inflammation.Conclusion and ImplicationsActivation of Factor XII promoted psoriasis via prekallikrein‐dependent formation of bradykinin, which critically mediated psoriatic microvascular inflammation. Inhibition of contact activation represents a novel therapeutic strategy for psoriasis.
Older Adults' Engagement in Advisory Councils and Committees: The case of Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Rounce Andrea , Funk Laura , Cherpako Danielle 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile older adults and family carers have important contributions to make to social and civic life in Canada, meaningful opportunities for engaging in democratic governance are often limited. Using the province of Manitoba as a case study, we ask how relevant advisory councils and committees have been designed and constituted; how have they operated in practice; and what explains their span of influence and effectiveness. Interviews with older adults and family carers show that they want to be involved, that they believe that advisory committees/councils can be effective mechanisms for engagement, and that they think these entities can impact decision‐makers, especially in the health sector.
Three‐dimensional changes and influencing factors of tent space following osteotome sinus floor elevation without grafting: A 48‐month retrospective radiographic study
Authors: Zhang Wen , Chen Haida , Zhao Ke , Gu Xinhua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the three‐dimensional stability and morphologic changes of tent space after the osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) procedures without bone grafts.Materials and MethodsForty‐six implants placed using the OSFE technique with simultaneous implant placement without bone grafts were included in this retrospective study. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the augmented sinuses were obtained pre‐ and postoperatively up to 48 months of follow‐up. The maxillary sinus cavity profiles were outlined using three‐dimensional virtual reconstruction and superimposition of CBCT scans. The three‐dimensional changes in the tent space were measured. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to explore potential factors.ResultsThe implant survival rate was 97.8%. The mean volume of remaining tent space immediately after surgery was 96.8 ± 70.5 mm3, shrinking to 31.0 ± 24.9 mm3 after 48 months, while the mean percentage of remaining tent space volume decreased to 29.1 ± 20.7%. The tent space volume and the percentage of residual tent space volume only decreased significantly within 12 months after surgery (p = .008, .013). GEE results indicated positive correlations between the percentage of remaining tent space volume and implant protrusion length (p = .000) and apical height (p = .000), with a negative correlation between the sinus floor area immediately after surgery (p = .002) and the healing time (p = .022).ConclusionsThe volume of the tent space rapidly shrank after OSFE without bone grafts. Several factors might influence the tent space stability. Long‐term clinical trials with larger sample sizes are necessary to further validate the results.
Regulated vascular smooth muscle cell death in vascular diseases
Authors: Yin Zheng , Zhang Jishou , Shen Zican , Qin Juan‐Juan , Wan Jun , Wang Menglong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRegulated cell death (RCD) is a complex process that involves several cell types and plays a crucial role in vascular diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant elements of the medial layer of blood vessels, and their regulated death contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. The types of regulated VSMC death include apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, and autophagy‐dependent cell death (ADCD). In this review, we summarize the current evidence of regulated VSMC death pathways in major vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, aortic aneurysm and dissection, hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, neointimal hyperplasia, and inherited vascular diseases. All forms of RCD constitute a single, coordinated cell death system in which one pathway can compensate for another during disease progression. Pharmacologically targeting RCD pathways has potential for slowing and reversing disease progression, but challenges remain. A better understanding of the role of regulated VSMC death in vascular diseases and the underlying mechanisms may lead to novel pharmacological developments and help clinicians address the residual cardiovascular risk in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Empirical support of predicted larval connectivity patterns demand conservation action for queen conch (Aliger gigas) in The Bahamas
Authors: Kough Andrew S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe conservation and spatial management of marine species with limited adult mobility, such as queen conch, is dictated by larval connectivity. Effectively placed reserves provide larval spillover to harvested areas while replenishing their own population. In past studies proximate to the Exuma Cays Land and Sea Park (ECLSP), surveys and probabilistic larval transport modeling demonstrated a spillover effect from the ECLSP to surrounding fished areas, while suggesting that incoming larval sources are lacking. Previous work was expanded in both upstream and downstream directions, enabling the statistical examination of (1) how queen conch abundance was linked to predicted larval transport from breeding populations in the ECLSP and (2) how age and size changed throughout the island chain as divided by management and connectivity. Biophysical modeling predictions of larval transport from breeding within the ECLSP were significantly associated with the relative abundance of juvenile conch observed across a nearly 200‐km span. Further, the abundance and shell lip thickness (relative age) of adults and the size of juveniles were significantly larger in ECLSP than unprotected areas. This empirical support for an effective, well‐enforced marine reserve and for using biophysical larval transport modeling as a spatial planning tool should be strongly considered in conch conservation and management.
Association between new‐onset atrial fibrillation and dementia among individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhou Ying , Xu Minzhi , Yin Xiaoxv , Gong Yanhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the association between new‐onset atrial fibrillation and dementia among patients with type 2 diabetes, a group with a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation.Materials and MethodsThis cohort study included 22 989 patients with type 2 diabetes from the UK Biobank. New‐onset atrial fibrillation was ascertained from hospital admission records. We used an algorithm officially released by the UK Biobank to identify all‐cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. The algorithm was developed using multiple sources, including hospital admissions and the death registry. Time‐varying Cox regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between new‐onset atrial fibrillation and dementia.ResultsA total of 2843 participants developed atrial fibrillation, whereas the remaining 20 146 did not. During the median of 12.3 years of follow‐up, 844 all‐cause dementia, 342 Alzheimer's disease and 246 vascular dementia cases occurred. Compared with participants without atrial fibrillation, those with atrial fibrillation had higher risks of all‐cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.80‐2.57), Alzheimer's disease (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06‐1.96) and vascular dementia (HR 3.11, 95% CI 2.32‐4.17).ConclusionsNew‐onset atrial fibrillation was associated with a substantially higher risk of all‐cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our findings highlight the significance of atrial fibrillation management in mitigating the risk of dementia in this demographic.
Olfaction foraging in visually oriented tropical arboreal ants Oecophylla smaragdina: Implications for insect predation studies using artificial sentinel prey
Authors: Yan Lin , Kagame Samuel Paul , Liu Yang , Mizuno Takafumi , Nakamura Akihiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBecause of the brief and cryptic nature of predatory behavior, sentinel prey has been widely adopted as an indirect way to identify predators and understand trophic interactions. However, sentinel prey presents only static visual cues, potentially biasing toward visually oriented predators while ignoring those that utilize other sensory cues for foraging. Despite this, the effectiveness of sentinel prey has rarely been tested. In this study, we focused on the weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a keystone predator widespread in the Asian and Australian tropics. As this species has large eyes and is known to visually navigate in its arboreal habitats, we hypothesized that it relies on visual cues to forage and that its predatory behavior will be captured by caterpillar‐shaped sentinel prey. Ants were collected as colonies, and preference trials on baits were conducted using combinations of olfactory and static visual cues, including the caterpillar shape. Surprisingly, O. smaragdina showed little or no preference for baits in the absence of olfactory cues and did not differentiate the shapes of baits regardless of olfactory cues. Our results indicate that O. smaragdina is likely to make predatory decisions based primarily on olfactory cues, whereas visual cues might be used for other behaviors. Furthermore, O. smaragdina is likely to be left out by the predation studies using sentinel prey models, which is particularly alarming considering the dominant role of this species in the trophic interactions of tropical rainforests. Our study demonstrates that morphological characteristics, arboreal habitats, and visually oriented behavior do not necessarily suggest the use of static visual cues for predatory decisions. We suggest that sentinel prey models should not be used alone when the dominant predators are unlikely to use visual cues to make predatory decisions.
Spatial and temporal variation in ambient vibratory noise and its impact potential on a common urban arthropod
Authors: Pessman Brandi J. , McGinley Rowan , Hebets Eileen A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent, rapid arthropod declines have been tied to human activity. Yet, the propensity for human‐produced noise to disturb the substrate‐borne (vibratory) channel remains virtually untested despite arthropods' ubiquitous use of vibratory information. Characterizing the vibratory landscape at biologically relevant scales is an essential initial step. We aimed to measure vibratory noise across space and time to assess its potential overlap with the urban–rural range and season of a funnel‐weaving spider, Agelenopsis pennsylvanica (C.L. Koch) (Araneae: Agelenidae), a common urban arthropod. We assessed 24‐h ambient vibrations (hereafter vibratory “noise”) at 23 sites across urban–rural Lincoln, Nebraska (NE, USA), during the adult season of A. pennsylvanica (August–October). Vibratory noise (amplitude, Leq) varied by ~15 dB across sites overlapping with frequencies within A. pennsylvanica's sensitivity (20–1000 Hz). Urban vibratory noise was positively correlated with the principal component containing estimates of traffic‐induced vibrations (e.g., traffic volume, road proximity, and impervious cover), whereas rural noise levels correlated with probable harvest times. Our findings indicate spatial variation in noise in urban areas and seasonal noise variability in rural areas. We also tested how A. pennsylvanica—collected from four distinct noise survey sites—use their vibratory microhabitat. We assessed daily spider position and dry silk mass within a microcosm that played loud and quiet vibrations (white noise differing by ~15 dB) in separate but connected chambers. Age affected the chamber choice (hereafter “microhabitat use”) of spiders collected from the loudest site, as younger adults associated with and used more silk in the loud chamber, but this effect decreased with age. As our data demonstrate that vibratory noise varies with A. pennsylvanica's microhabitat and season with a high potential for impacting behavior, we hypothesize that this environmental noise likely impacts other arthropods as well.
Family‐based Helicobacter pylori infection control and management strategy and screen‐and‐treat strategy are highly cost‐effective in preventing multiple upper gastrointestinal diseases in Chinese population at national level
Authors: Zhang Chen , Qi Ya‐Bin , Hu Ruo‐Bing , Xu Lu , Li Xiao‐Ting , Ma Jing , Shao Qiao‐Qiao , Abdun Mohammed Awadh , Ur Rahman Ishtiaq , Shi Wen‐Jun , Li Fu‐Qiang , Yu Jian‐Jie , Yuan Ming‐Kai , Chen Qi , Lu Hong , Ding Song‐Ze 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe overall benefits of the newly introduced family‐based Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection control and management (FBCM) and screen‐and‐treat strategies in preventing multiple upper gastrointestinal diseases at national level in China have not been explored. We investigate the cost‐effectiveness of these strategies in the whole Chinese population.Materials and MethodsDecision trees and Markov models of H. pylori infection‐related non‐ulcer dyspepsia (NUD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastric cancer (GC) were developed to simulate the cost‐effectiveness of these strategies in the whole 494 million households in China. The main outcomes include cost‐effectiveness, life years (LY), quality‐adjusted life year (QALY), and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER).ResultsWhen compared with no‐screen strategy, both FBCM and screen‐and‐treat strategies reduced the number of new cases of NUD, PUD, PUD‐related deaths, and the prevalence of GC, and cancer‐related deaths. The costs saved by these two strategies were $1467 million and $879 million, quality‐adjusted life years gained were 227 million and 267 million, and life years gained were 59 million and 69 million, respectively. Cost‐effectiveness analysis showed that FBCM strategy costs −$6.46/QALY and −$24.75/LY, and screen‐and‐treat strategy costs −$3.3/QALY and −$12.71/LY when compared with no‐screen strategy. Compared to the FBCM strategy, the screen‐and‐treat strategy reduced the incidence of H. pylori‐related diseases, added 40 million QALYs, and saved 10 million LYs, but at the increased cost of $588 million. Cost‐effectiveness analysis showed that screen‐and‐treat strategy costs $14.88/QALY and $59.5/LY when compared with FBCM strategy. The robustness of the results was also verified.ConclusionsBoth FBCM and screen‐and‐treat strategies are highly cost‐effective in preventing NUD, PUD, and GC than the no‐screen strategy in Chinese families at national level. As FBCM strategy is more practical and efficient, it is expected to play a more important role in preventing familial H. pylori infection and also serves as an excellent reference for other highly infected societies.
Efficacy of Tetracycline Three Times Daily was Comparable to That of Four Times Daily for Helicobacter pylori Rescue Treatment: A Multicenter, Noninferiority, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Han Zhongxue , Zhang Qiumei , Mirza Iqtida Ahmed , Ding Yuming , Nan Xueping , Zhao Qing , Li Ruili , Xu Lidong , Zhang Ning , Duan Miao , Zeng Shuyan , Kong Qingzhou , Zhang Wenlin , Wang Hui , Wu Xiaoqi , Zuo Xiuli , Li Yanqing , Li Yueyue 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe optimal dosage of tetracycline remains unclear for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Frequent dosing requirements may decrease patient adherence and increase the incidence of adverse events, potentially reducing treatment efficacy. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of different tetracycline dosages in rescue treatment for H. pylori infection.MethodsA total of 406 patients needing H. pylori rescue treatment were enrolled. Patients were randomized into two groups and received bismuth‐containing quadruple therapies as follows: esomeprazole 40 mg twice daily, bismuth 220 mg twice daily, amoxicillin 1000 mg twice daily, and tetracycline 500 mg either three (TET‐T group) or four (TET‐F group) times daily. At least 6 weeks after treatment completion, a 13C‐urea breath test was performed to evaluate H. pylori eradication.ResultsThe intention‐to‐treat (ITT) eradication rates were 91.13% (185/203) and 90.15% (183/203) (p = 0.733), the modified ITT (MITT) eradication rates were 94.87% (185/195) and 95.31% (183/192) (p = 0.841), and the per‐protocol (PP) eradication rates were 94.79% (182/192) and 95.21% (179/188) (p = 0.851) in the TET‐T group and TET‐F group, respectively. The eradication rates for the TET‐T group were not inferior to those of the TET‐F group in ITT, MITT, and PP analyses. The incidence of adverse effects was significantly lower in the TET‐T group than in the TET‐F group (23.65% vs. 33.50%, p = 0.028). No significant differences were observed in treatment compliance between the groups.ConclusionsThe dose of tetracycline administered three times daily showed comparable efficacy to that administered four times daily, while significantly reducing the incidence of adverse events. The combination of tetracycline and amoxicillin in bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy achieved a high eradication rate in H. pylori rescue treatment.
Understanding and Defining Young People's Involvement and Under‐Representation in Mental Health Research: A Delphi Study
Authors: Perowne Rachel , Rowe Sarah , Gutman Leslie Morrison 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe mental health of young people (aged 16–25 years) is a growing public health concern in the United Kingdom due to the increasing numbers of young people experiencing mental health difficulties, with many not in contact with mental health services. To design services that meet the needs of all young people, a diversity of young people must be involved in mental health research, beyond being participants. This Delphi study aimed to identify different types of ‘involvement’ and to define and describe ‘under‐representation’ in young people's involvement in mental health research.MethodsTwenty‐seven experts in young people's mental health research completed a series of online questionnaires. The experts were academic researchers, patient and public involvement (PPI) professionals and young ‘experts by experience’. Round 1 generated panellists' views on ‘involvement’ and ‘under‐representation’. Round 2 summarised panellists' responses from Round 1 and sought consensus (minimum 70% agreement) in nine question areas. Round 3 validated the findings of the previous rounds.ResultsConsensus was achieved in eight out of nine areas, resulting in a matrix (with definitions) of the different types of young people's involvement in mental health research, from being advisors to involvement ambassadors. The findings generated an agreed‐upon definition of under‐representation, an identification of when in the research process there is under‐representation and the characteristics of the young people who are under‐represented. Experts further agreed on demographic data that should be collected to improve reporting on involvement.ConclusionsThis study adds to our understanding of involvement and under‐representation in the context of young people's mental health research through expert consensus. It provides a practical resource for researchers considering involving young people in the research process and suggests the data that should be collected to improve reporting on the diversity of the young people involved.Patient and Public ContributionA research oversight group of five young people advised on this study. They contributed throughout the project—from endorsing the research question to commenting on the findings and dissemination. Two of the group reviewed all participant materials and piloted the initial questionnaire.