bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors, histopathological landscape, biomarkers, treatment patterns and survival of early‐onset colorectal cancer: A narrative review
Authors: Garrett Celine , Steffens Daniel , Ackland Stephen , Solomon Michael , Koh Cherry 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEarly‐onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) incidence has increased in most Western countries over the last decade, with Australia at the forefront. Recent literature has thus focused on characterizing EOCRC from later‐onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC). Earlier exposure to modifiable risk factors resulting in gut dysbiosis has been linked with EOCRC development. EOCRCs have more aggressive histopathological features with somatic mutations resulting in pro‐inflammatory tumor microenvironments. There is a tendency to treat EOCRCs with multimodal chemotherapeutic regimens and more extensive surgery than LOCRCs with conflicting postoperative outcomes and survival data. Current research is limited by a lack of Australasian studies, retrospective study designs, and heterogeneous definitions of EOCRC. Future research should address these and focus on investigating the role of immunotherapies, establishing minimally invasive diagnostic biomarkers and nomograms, and evaluating the survival and functional outcomes of EOCRC.
Comparative review of vasectomy guidelines and novel vasal occlusion techniques
Authors: Pelzman Daniel , Honig Stanton , Sandlow Jay 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVasectomy is the most commonly performed urologic procedure in the United States and is a highly effective form of male contraception. The introduction of guidelines by urological societies has standardized vasectomy care. Providers should be awadre of the rationale behind these guidelines, as well as key differences among them. While few major changes to vasectomy technique have been adopted over the past 40 years, new, reversible vasal occlusive technologies may affect delivery of male contraceptive care in the future. Here, we perform a comparative review of vasectomy guidelines from six urological societies worldwide. In addition, we report on the status of several experimental vasal occlusion methods that may be available in the next decade.
Editorial: Unravelling real‐world impact of second‐line therapies in primary biliary cholangitis— Time to change our targets?
Authors: Cançado Guilherme Grossi Lopes 
Published: May 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Gomez et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18004 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18048
Editorial: Unravelling real‐world impact of second‐line therapies in primary biliary cholangitis—Time to change our targets? Authors' reply
Authors: Fernández‐Rodríguez C. M. , Gutierrez M. L. , Olveira A. 
Published: May 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Gomez et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18004andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18032
Emerging trends in management of long COVID with a focus on pulmonary rehabilitation: A review
Authors: Li Allison Y. , Li Willis X. , Li Jinghong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLong COVID, or post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 (PASC), represents a complex condition with persistent symptoms following SARS‐Cov‐2 infection. The symptoms include fatigue, dyspnoea, cognitive impairment, decreased quality of life in variable levels of severity. Potential mechanisms behind long COVID include vascular damage, immune dysregulation and viral persistence. Diagnosing long COVID involves medical evaluation by multidisciplinary team and assessment of persistent symptoms with scoring systems in development. Treatment strategies are symptom‐focused, encompassing multidisciplinary care, rehabilitation and tailored exercise programmes. Pulmonary rehabilitation, an effective and critical component of long COVID management, has shown promise, particularly for patients with respiratory symptoms such as dyspnoea. These programmes, which combine exercise, breathing techniques, education and psychological support, improve symptoms, quality of life and overall recovery. Innovative technologies, such as telemedicine, wearable devices, telerehabilitation, are transforming long COVID management. Telemedicine facilitates consultations and interventions, eliminating healthcare access barriers. Wearable devices enable remote and continuous monitoring of patients during their rehabilitation activities. Telerehabilitation has proven to be safe and feasible and to have high potential for COVID‐19 recovery. This review provides a concise overview of long COVID, encompassing its definition, prevalence, mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management approaches. It emphasizes the significance of multidisciplinary approach in diagnosis and treatment of long COVID, with focus on pulmonary rehabilitation and innovative technology advances to effectively address the management of long COVID.
Health care resource use in preschool children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Easton Tiffany , Boyd Roslyn N. , Scuffham Paul A. , Downes Martin J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo estimate the burden of disease and evaluate which factors affect health care resource use (HCRU) in young children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodData were collected as part of a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of children with CP born in Queensland, Australia between 2006 and 2009. HCRU questionnaires were administered at six time points. Data on resource use, socio‐demographics, and disease severity were collected. Costs were sourced from Medicare, the Australian National Hospital Cost Data Collection, and market prices. A generalized linear model was used to identify factors influencing CP‐related costs.ResultsA total of 794 questionnaires were completed by 222 participants (mean = 3.6 per participant). Physiotherapy (94%, n = 208) was the most widely accessed allied health care therapy; almost half of the participants (45%; 354 of 794) reported one or more hospital admissions. From the health care funder perspective, a child with CP costs on average A$24 950 per annum (A$12 475 per 6 months). Higher costs were associated with increased motor impairment (Gross Motor Function Classification System, p < 0.001) and increased comorbidities (p = 0.012).InterpretationHCRU in preschool children with CP can be analysed according to disease severity. Both increased motor impairments and increased comorbidities were associated with higher health care costs.What this paper adds

Children with a higher number of comorbidities had higher health care costs, and more specifically, higher hospitalization costs.
No significant change in costs was found over time as children aged from 18 months to 5 years.
Role of endogenous GLP‐1 on arterial stiffness and renal haemodynamics following bariatric surgery
Authors: Moriconi D. , Bruno R. M. , Rebelos E. , Armenia S. , Baldi S. , Bonvicini L. , Taddei S. , Nannipieri M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular trials have revealed the positive impact of GLP‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the specific effects of endogenous GLP‐1 on arterial stiffness and renal function remain understudied. This study aimed to explore the influence of endogenous GLP‐1 response post‐bariatric surgery on arterial stiffness and renal haemodynamic.MethodsThirty individuals with morbid obesity and without T2D, scheduled for Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), were included. Clinical parameters, 3‐hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with serial sampling for glycaemia, GLP‐1 and insulin, carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cf‐PWV), carotid distensibility coefficient (carotid‐DC) and renal resistive index (RRI) measurements were conducted pre‐surgery and 1‐year post‐surgery. Participants were categorized into high‐response and low‐response groups based on their post‐surgery increase in GLP‐1 (median increase of 104% and 1%, respectively, pre‐ vs. post‐surgery).ResultsPost‐surgery, high‐response group demonstrated a greater reduction in cf‐PWV (p = .033) and a greater increase (p = .043) in carotid DC compared to low‐response group. These enhancements were observed independently of weight loss or blood pressure changes. High‐response group exhibited a reduction in RRI (p = .034), although this association was influenced by improvement in pulse pressure. Finally, a multivariate stepwise regression analysis indicated that the percentage increase of GLP1, Δ‐GLP1(AUC)%, was the best predictor of percentage decrease in cf‐PWV (p = .014).ConclusionsElevated endogenous GLP‐1 response following RYGB was associated with improved arterial stiffness and renal resistances, suggesting potential cardio‐renal benefits. The findings underscore the potential role of endogenous GLP‐1 in influencing vascular and renal haemodynamics independent of traditional weight loss.
Bilateral political ties and the stability of services exports
Authors: Zhou Hua , Yang Lun , Wang Yijia , Fan Jiachen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effect of bilateral political ties on the stability of service exports. The results show that the deterioration of political ties can decrease the stability of service exports by strengthening non‐tariff barriers and weakening immigration networks. A decrease in voting similarity among trading partners in the United Nations General Assembly corresponds to heightened instability in service exports. In particular, political ties have a more pronounced impact on the stability of tourism service exports than on other services. Developing countries, in contrast to developed countries, should pay particular attention to the impact of political ties on the stability of service exports. Moreover, improvements in technological advantages and Internet openness in exporting countries can weaken the impact of political ties.
HIV disclosure and intimate partner violence among HIV‐infected men who have sex with men in marriage of convenience in China
Authors: Yu Yong , Qin Keke , Xian Yedong , Cai Huiling , Xiao Fuqun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMarriage of convenience is a unique phenomenon in China where a gay man and a lesbian get married to fulfill social expectations while retaining their homosexual identities. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of HIV infection and intimate partner violence (IPV) following HIV disclosure. A sample of 232 HIV‐infected MSM in the marriage of convenience was recruited online and completed questionnaires about experiences of IPV, HIV disclosure, and their sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics. Our results showed that over half (57.3%) of HIV‐infected MSM had disclosed their HIV status to their lesbian spouses. Bisexual men, having children with their lesbian spouse, HIV diagnosis time >24 months, having a current fixed gay partner, having disclosed HIV to their current fixed gay partners, higher levels of social support, lower levels of self‐stigma related to HIV infection, no depression, and no suicidal ideation were all independently associated with an increased likelihood of disclosing to lesbian spouses. Approximately 61.6% of participants experienced at least one type of IPV from either a gay partner, a lesbian spouse, or both in the past 12 months. HIV disclosure to lesbian spouses was associated with an increased risk of IPV. Our findings reveal the high prevalence of IPV among HIV‐infected MSM in the marriage of convenience and its association with HIV disclosure, which warrants policy, clinical, and research efforts to design targeted and comprehensive interventions to improve HIV disclosure while preventing IPV among this population.
Individual and combined impacts of carbon dioxide enrichment, heatwaves, flow velocity variability, and fine sediment deposition on stream invertebrate communities
Authors: Hunn Julia G. , Orr James A. , Kelly Ann‐Marie , Piggott Jeremy J. , Matthaei Christoph D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClimate change and land‐use change are widely altering freshwater ecosystem functioning and there is an urgent need to understand how these broad stressor categories may interact in future. While much research has focused on mean temperature increases, climate change also involves increasing variability of both water temperature and flow regimes and increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2, all with potential to alter stream invertebrate communities. Deposited fine sediment is a pervasive land‐use stressor with widespread impacts on stream invertebrates. Sedimentation may be managed at the catchment scale; thus, uncovering interactions with these three key climate stressors may assist mitigation of future threats. This is the first experiment to investigate the individual and combined effects of enriched CO2, heatwaves, flow velocity variability, and fine sediment on realistic stream invertebrate communities. Using 128 mesocosms simulating small stony‐bottomed streams in a 7‐week experiment, we manipulated dissolved CO2 (ambient; enriched), fine sediment (no sediment; 300 g dry sediment), temperature (ambient; two 7‐day heatwaves), and flow velocity (constant; variable). All treatments changed community composition. CO2 enrichment reduced abundances of Orthocladiinae and Chironominae and increased Copepoda abundance. Variable flow velocity had only positive effects on invertebrate abundances (7 of 13 common taxa and total abundance), in contrast to previous experiments showing negative impacts of reduced velocity. CO2 was implicated in most stressor interactions found, with CO2 × sediment interactions being most common. Communities forming under enriched CO2 conditions in sediment‐impacted mesocosms had ~20% fewer total invertebrates than those with either treatment alone. Copepoda abundances doubled in CO2‐enriched mesocosms without sediment, whereas no CO2 effect occurred in mesocosms with sediment. Our findings provide new insights into potential future impacts of climate change and land use in running freshwaters, in particular highlighting the potential for elevated CO2 to interact with fine sediment deposition in unpredictable ways.
Techno‐economic and life cycle analysis of renewable natural gas derived from anaerobic digestion of grassy biomass: A US Corn Belt watershed case study
Authors: Olafasakin Olumide , Audia Ellen M. , Mba‐Wright Mark , Tyndall John C. , Schulte Lisa A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRestoring native grassland vegetation can substantially improve ecosystem service outcomes from agricultural watersheds, but profitable pathways are needed to incentivize conversion from conventional crops. Given growing demand for renewable energy, using grassy biomass to produce biofuels provides a potential solution. We assessed the techno‐economic feasibility and life cycle outcomes of a “grass‐to‐gas” pathway that includes harvesting grassy (lignocellulosic) biomass for renewable natural gas (RNG) production through anaerobic digestion (AD), expanding on previous research that quantified ecosystem service and landowner financial outcomes of simulated grassland restoration in the Grand River Basin of Iowa and Missouri, United States. We found that the amount of RNG produced through AD of grassy biomass ranged 0.12–45.04 million gigajoules (GJ), and the net present value (NPV) of the RNG ranged −$97 to $422 million, depending on the combination of land use, productivity, and environmental credit scenarios. Positive NPVs are achieved with environmental credits for replacement of synthetic agricultural inputs with digestate and clean fuel production (e.g., USEPA D3 Renewable Identification Number, California Low Carbon Fuel Standard). Producing RNG from grassy biomass emits 15.1 g CO2‐eq/MJ, which compares favorably to the fossil natural gas value of 61.1 g CO2‐eq/MJ and exceeds the US Environmental Protection Agency's requirement for cellulosic biofuel. Overall, this study demonstrates opportunities and limitations to using grassy biomass from restored grasslands for sustainable RNG production.
Departures from linearity as evidence of applicant distortion on personality tests
Authors: Christiansen Neil D. , Robie Chet , Jeong Ye Ra , Burns Gary N. , Haaland Douglas E. , Kung Mei‐Chuan , Kinney Ted B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo field studies were conducted to examine how applicant faking impacts the normally linear construct relationships of personality tests using segmented regression and by partitioning samples to evaluate effects on validity across different ranges of test scores. Study 1 investigated validity decay across score ranges of applicants to a state police academy (N = 442). Personality test scores had nonlinear construct relations in the applicant sample, with scores from the top of the distribution being worse predictors of subsequent performance but more strongly related to social desirability scores; this pattern was not found for the partitioned scores of a cognitive test. Study 2 compared the relationship between personality test scores and job performance ratings of applicants (n = 97) to those of incumbents (n = 318) in a customer service job. Departures from linearity were observed in the applicant but not in the incumbent sample. Effects of applicant distortion on the validity of personality tests are especially concerning when validity decay increases toward the top of the distribution of test scores. Observing slope differences across ranges of applicant personality test scores can be an important tool in selection.
Prevalence of post‐caesarean section surgical site infections in Rwanda: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sibomana Olivier , Bugenimana Athanasie , Oke Gabriel Ilerioluwa , Egide Ndayambaje 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCaesarean section (C‐section) is the most performed major surgery worldwide. About 15% of births are delivered through C‐section in Rwanda. The post‐caesarean surgical section is one of the most frequent complications that follow a C‐section. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to estimate the pooled prevalence of surgical site infections following caesarean section deliveries in Rwanda. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, DOAJ, AJOL and the Cochrane Library to identify primary studies on post‐caesarean surgical site infections in Rwanda. Studies meeting predetermined criteria were included, and their quality was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tools. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistics, while publication bias was examined via funnel plots and statistical tests. Pooled prevalence was calculated using Jamovi 2.3.28 software, with subgroup analysis conducted to identify sources of heterogeneity. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. From 139 articles initially searched from the databases, only 17 studies with 8, 082 individuals were finally included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis. Using the random‐effects model, the pooled estimate of post C‐section SSIs prevalence in Rwanda was 6.85% (95% CI 5.2, 8.5). Subgroup analysis based on publication year, sample size, hospital and study design showed no much difference in SSI prevalence. The current systematic review and meta‐analysis indicates that post‐caesarean surgical site infections are significant in Rwanda. A collaborative effort is required to lower post‐C‐section SSIs and provide the best surgical care in the country.
Accelerating the discovery of high‐entropy hexaborides by data‐driven prediction: From equimolar to non‐equimolar
Authors: Meng Hong , Tang Zhongyu , Bai Hao , Fu Yaming , Yu Hulei , Chu Yanhui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEstimating the synthesizability is the prerequisite to discovering novel high‐entropy ceramics with exotic properties. Herein, combined with the high‐throughput experiments and machine learning (ML) methods, the synthesizability of high‐entropy hexaborides (HEB6) is investigated. To construct the database, 100 equimolar quinary HEB6 samples synthesized using a self‐developed high‐throughput solid‐state reaction technique and 20 potential synthesizability descriptors calculated from fundamental parameters of constituent precursors are simultaneously collected. By employing the ML and the genetic algorithms, an optimal model consisting of five synthesizability descriptors (, , , , and ) is determined for predicting the synthesizability of equimolar HEB6 with a high validation accuracy (93.0%), and 7 005 new equimolar quinary HEB6 are then proposed. Moreover, the applicability of our established model on non‐equimolar HEB6 is explored by the prediction of 30 synthesizability diagrams of non‐equimolar quinary HEB6. A high accuracy of 90.9% is further validated by the synthesis experiments of 11 non‐equimolar HEB6 candidates. Our work establishes an effective ML model for assessing the synthesizability of both equimolar and non‐equimolar HEB6 and paves a promising way to accelerate the discovery of new synthetic accessible high‐entropy ceramics.
Characterizing medium‐range order structure of binary silicate glasses using ring analysis and persistent homology
Authors: Firooz Amirhossein F. , Christensen Rasmus , Biscio Christophe A. N. , Smedskjaer Morten M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeveral fundamental questions about the medium‐range order (MRO) structure of oxide glasses remain unanswered. How do we define MRO in glass? Should we only consider the covalently bonded rings or also repeating patterns of non‐chemically bonded atom clusters? Is the first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) in the structure factor only constituted by those rings? In this study, by focusing on binary silicate glasses, we compare the MRO structure as determined using persistent homology and classical ring analysis. While the latter only identifies chemically bonded rings, the former captures both chemically and non‐chemically bonded ring/loop structures. Our analyses are based on atomic configurations established through classical molecular dynamics simulations of three series of alkali silicate glasses with varying modifier content. First, we characterize the size and shape of chemically bonded rings using persistent homology and study how they contribute to the FSDP. We also show that the covalently bonded loops can be directly extracted using persistent homology by ignoring the modifiers from the analysis and setting the initial radii for both Si and O atoms to zero. Then, we demonstrate that although the chemically bonded rings contribute to the FSDP, especially at low modifier content, nonbonded MRO features also need to be considered to fully explain the FSDP.