bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox‐sensitive regulation of gene expression in human primary macrophages exposed to inorganic arsenic
Authors: Bourdonnay Emilie , Morzadec Claudie , Fardel Olivier , Vernhet Laurent 
Published: April 2009

AbstractInorganic arsenic is an environmental contaminant toxic for key immune cells. We recently reported that low micromolar concentrations of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) alter functions and differentiation gene program of human macrophages. Particularly, prolonged treatment with As2O3 concomitantly reverses expression of a macrophage‐specific gene subset and triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, suggesting a possible role of cell stress in As2O3 gene effects. This study was thus designed to determine whether redox‐sensitive signaling pathways could mediate gene expression in metalloid‐exposed macrophages. Our results show that As2O3‐dependent alterations of stress (HMOX1 and GCLM) and macrophage‐specific (MMP9, CCL22, and CXCL2) gene expression are not mediated by ROS or related signaling pathways. Notably, As2O3 alters neither activity of the redox‐sensitive transcription factor Sp1 nor that of AP‐1 or NF‐κB. In contrast, N‐acetylcysteine, a potent cysteine reductive compound, significantly prevents up‐regulation of HMOX1, GCLM, and CXCL2 genes, and repression of MMP9 and CCL22 genes induced by As2O3. In addition, we demonstrate that As2O3 markedly alters nuclear levels of Nrf2 and Bach1, two redox‐sensitive regulators of stress genes, and represses expression of the transcription factor EGR2 which is involved in mouse macrophage differentiation; such effects are reduced by N‐acetylcysteine. Finally, we report that genetic invalidation of EGR2 gene partially mimics metalloid effects; it significantly represses CCL22 gene expression and weakly induces that of CXCL2. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that As2O3 alters macrophage gene expression through redox‐sensitive signaling pathways unrelated to ROS production and reveal the transcription factor EGR2 as a new molecular target of arsenic. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 537–547, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MicroRNAs are involved in erythroid differentiation control
Authors: Yang Gui‐Hua , Wang Fang , Yu Jia , Wang Xiao‐Shuang , Yuan Jin‐Yun , Zhang Jun‐Wu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of 17–25 nucleotides non‐coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by either translational inhibition or mRNAs degradation. We used miRNA array to characterize miRNA variation of K562 cells before and after hemin treatment. The differential expression of five miRNAs was validated by Northern blot analysis. Among them, miR‐126 exhibited up‐regulation while miR‐103, miR‐130a, miR‐210, and miR‐18b exhibited down‐regulation after hemin induction. The same expression tendency of the five miRNAs was observed following erythroid induction of CD34+ cells derived from human cord blood. miR‐103 was selected and examined for its role in erythroid differentiation. Over‐expression of miR‐103 in K562 could inhibit hemin‐induced K562 erythroid differentiation, which suggests this miRNA may take part in erythropoiesis. We confirmed that miR‐103 targeting mRNA of forkhead box J2 (FOXJ2), a transcription factor that was involved in the development of many tissues. Our results delineated the expression of miRNAs during erythroid differentiation and suggested regulatory roles of miRNAs in this process by targeting mRNAs related to erythropoiesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 548–556, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Jab1/CSN5 induces the cytoplasmic localization and degradation of RUNX3
Authors: Kim Jang‐Hyun , Choi Joong‐Kook , Cinghu Senthilkumar , Jang Ju‐Won , Lee You‐Soub , Li Ying‐Hui , Goh Yun‐Mi , Chi Xin‐Zi , Lee Kyeong‐Sook , Wee Heejun , Bae Suk‐Chul 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRunt‐related (RUNX) transcription factors play pivotal roles in neoplastic development and have tissue‐specific developmental roles in hematopoiesis (RUNX1), osteogenesis (RUNX2), as well as neurogenesis and thymopoiesis (RUNX3). RUNX3 is a tumor suppressor in gastric carcinoma, and its expression is frequently inactivated by DNA methylation or its protein mislocalized in many cancer types, including gastric and breast cancer. Jun‐activation domain‐binding protein 1 (Jab1/CSN5), a component of the COP9 signalosome (CSN), is critical for nuclear export and the degradation of several tumor suppressor proteins, including p53, p27Kip1, and Smad4. Here, we find that Jab1 facilitates nuclear export of RUNX3 that is controlled by CSN‐associated kinases. RUNX3 sequestered in the cytoplasm is rapidly degraded through a proteasome‐mediated pathway. Our results identify a novel mechanism of regulating nuclear export and protein stability of RUNX3 by the CSN complex. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 557–565, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PAK thread from amoeba to mammals
Authors: Kumar Anupam , Molli Poonam R. , Pakala Suresh B. , Nguyen Tri M. Bui , Rayala Suresh K. , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe p21‐activated kinases (PAKs) are signaling nodes that play a crucial role in cellular processes including cell motility, differentiation, survival, gene transcription, and hormone signaling. PAKs are highly conserved family of serine–threonine kinases that act as effector for small GTPases Rac and Cdc42. Most of our knowledge about PAK functions has been derived from genetic approaches in lower organisms and many of these functions are similar to that seen in mammalian cells. In this review, we have summarized the extensive information generated in lower eukaryotes and very briefly discussed the current status of PAKs in humans. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 579–585, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theoretical prediction regarding structural and thermodynamical characteristics of stable CH3PO2 isomers and unimolecular decomposition mechanisms of species CH3P(O)2, CH3OPO, and CH2P(O)OH
Authors: Kan Wei , Zhong Hua , Yu Hai‐Tao 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe detailed isomerization and dissociation reaction potential energy profile of the CH3PO2 system was established at the UCCSD(T)/6‐311++G(3df,2p)//UB3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. Seventy minimum isomers were located and connected by 93 optimized interconversion transition states. Furthermore, 32 isomers with high kinetic stability were predicted to be possible candidates for further experimental detection. The bonding nature of the suggested stable isomers was analyzed while their molecular properties including heats of formation, adiabatic ionization potentials, and adiabatic electronic affinities were calculated at the G2, G2(MP2), G3, and CBS‐Q levels. Based on the isomerization and dissociation potential energy surface, possible unimolecular decomposition mechanisms and pathways of the low‐lying molecules CH3P(O)2, CH3OPO, and CH2P(O)OH were discussed. Furthermore, the transition state theory rate constants of the primary unimolecular dissociation channels were also calculated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Activation of Src kinase by protein–tyrosine phosphatase–PEST in osteoclasts: Comparative analysis of the effects of bisphosphonate and protein–tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor on Src activation in vitro
Authors: Chellaiah Meenakshi A. , Schaller Michael D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPTP–PEST is involved in the regulation of sealing ring formation in osteoclasts. In this article, we have shown a regulatory role for PTP–PEST on dephosphorylation of c‐Src at Y527 and phosphorylation at Y418 in the catalytic site. Activation of Src in osteoclasts by over‐expression of PTP–PEST resulted in the phosphorylation of cortactin at Y421 and WASP at Y294. Also enhanced as a result, is the interaction of Src, cortactin, and Arp2 with WASP. Moreover, the number of osteoclasts displaying sealing ring and bone resorbing activity was increased in response to PTP–PEST over‐expression as compared with control osteoclasts. Cells expressing constitutively active‐Src (527YΔF) simulate the effects mediated by PTP–PEST. Treatment of osteoclasts with a bisphosphonate alendronate or a potent PTP inhibitor PAO decreased the activity and phosphorylation of Src at Y418 due to reduced dephosphorylation state at Y527. Therefore, Src‐mediated phosphorylation of cortactin and WASP as well as the formation of WASP·cortactin·Arp2 complex and sealing ring were reduced in these osteoclasts. Similar effects were observed in osteoclasts treated with an Src inhibitor PP2. We have shown that bisphosphonates could modulate the function of osteoclasts by inhibiting downstream signaling mediated by PTP–PEST/Src, in addition to its effect on the inhibition of the post‐translational modification of small GTP‐binding proteins such as Rab, Rho, and Rac as shown by others. The promising effects of the inhibitors PP2 and PAO on osteoclast function suggest a therapeutic approach for patients with bone metastases and osteoporosis as an alternative to bisphosphonates. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 382–393, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of vegetable oil addition on bioaccessibility and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in historically contaminated soils
Authors: Scherr Kerstin E , Hasinger Marion , Mayer Philipp , Loibner Andreas P 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Bioaccessibility is often the limiting factor for the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soils. The present study explores the potential of amending canola oil, an economically and ecologically attractive soil additive, for the enhancement of bioaccessibility and, in consequence, biodegradation of PAH in historically contaminated, bioaccessibility limited soils.RESULTS: The amendment of canola oil (1% and 5%, w/w) to contaminated soils increased the bioaccessibility and the subsequent biodegradation of PAH with up to four rings. Residual concentrations of pyrene and fluoranthene in oil‐treated soils were 38–53% lower compared to the unamended tests. The continuous removal of bioaccessible PAH with a passive sampling system confirmed that oil amendment indeed increased bioaccessibility, leading to a lower non‐accessible PAH fraction. Canola oil amendment did, by contrast, not increase the bioaccessibility of high molecular weight PAH, likely due to their strong binding to soil organic carbon compounds.CONCLUSION: Canola oil can be used efficiently in low concentrations to render PAH up to four rings accessible for biodegradation in historically contaminated soils. Contaminants remaining in soil after treatment may pose a significantly lowered environmental risk, as is indicated by the lack of mobilisation by a solubilising agent such as canola oil. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioenergetic studies on aerobic growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a single‐substrate media
Authors: Mahadevan Surianarayanan , Sivaprakasam Senthilkumar 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The large‐scale development of various bioprocesses has posed a problem because of the inherent complexities of biological systems. This is because of the lack of discretion in the use of conventional chemical reactors to carry out complex bioreactions. Existing scale‐up methods for bioprocesses are formulated employing offline parameters, i.e. growth rate, substrate uptake rate, oxygen transfer rate and stirring rate per unit volume. Metabolic heat generation is an online process variable portraying the instantaneous activity of any living organism and different types of calorimeters are employed to measure the exothermic heat in non‐invasive way.RESULTS: In this present study an isothermal heat flux biocalorimeter (BioRC1) is employed to monitor the metabolic heat generated due to physiological activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultivated in glucose‐limited growth medium and attempts are made to obtain correlations between metabolic heat and significant process variables.CONCLUSIONS: The value of specific growth rate is determined from correlation developed based on online metabolic heat data and it is found to corroborate with literature value. This finding substantiates the application of calorimetric results to predict the biokinetics parameters for bacterial growth. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Activation of lipase by sol–gel coating with hydrophobic alkyl‐substituted silicates in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Kawakami Koei , Urakawa Taiki , Oda Yasuhiro , Iwai Yoshio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Sol–gel entrapment of lipases is usually performed in an aqueous solution. A novel method of sol–gel coating of lipase in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) is proposed.RESULTS: Crude lipase powder (Rhizopus oryzae) coated with hydrophobic silicates, derived from dimethyldimethoxysilane and tetramethoxysilane in SC‐CO2 at 35 °C and 15 MPa, exhibited 5–7 times higher esterification activity than that prepared via an aqueous sol–gel route. Lipase immobilized in a methyl‐substituted silica monolith was also highly activated by sol–gel coating using the same silica precursors in SC‐CO2.CONCLUSION: Sol– gel coating in SC‐CO2, of lipases in powder and immobilized forms with hydrophobic alkyl‐substituted silicates provides an efficient tool for the enhancement of enzymatic activities in non‐aqueous media. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Morphological filter improve the efficiency of automated tracking of secretory vesicles with various dynamic properties
Authors: Ku Tien‐Chuan , Kao Lung‐Sen , Lin Chung‐Chih , Tsai Yuh‐Show 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMembrane trafficking is a very important physiological process involved in protein transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis. The functions of vesicles are strongly correlated with various spatial dynamic properties of vesicles, including their types of movements and morphology. Several methods are used to quantify such dynamic properties, but most of them are specific to particular populations of vesicles. We previously developed the so‐called PTrack system for quantifying the dynamics of secretory vesicles near the cell surface, which are small and move slowly. To improve the system performance in quantifying large and fast‐moving vesicles, we firstly combined morphological filter with two‐threshold image processing techniques to locate granules of various sizes. Next, Kalman filtering was used to improve the performance in tracking fast‐moving and large granules. Performance evaluation by using simulation image sequences shown that the new system, called PTrack II, yields better tracking accuracy. The tracking system was validated using time‐lapse images of insulin granules in βTC3 cells, which revealed that PTrack II could track better than PTrack, averaged accuracy up to 56%. The overall tracking results indicate that PTrack II is better at tracking vesicles with various dynamic properties, which will facilitate the acquisition of more‐complete information on vesicle dynamics. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the chromatic number of a random 5‐regular graph
Authors: Díaz J. , Kaporis A. C. , Kemkes G. D. , Kirousis L. M. , Pérez X. , Wormald N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIt was only recently shown by Shi and Wormald, using the differential equation method to analyze an appropriate algorithm, that a random 5‐regular graph asymptotically almost surely has chromatic number at most 4. Here, we show that the chromatic number of a random 5‐regular graph is asymptotically almost surely equal to 3, provided a certain four‐variable function has a unique maximum at a given point in a bounded domain. We also describe extensive numerical evidence that strongly suggests that the latter condition holds. The proof applies the small subgraph conditioning method to the number of locally rainbow balanced 3‐colorings, where a coloring is balanced if the number of vertices of each color is equal, and locally rainbow if every vertex is adjacent to at least one vertex of each of the other colors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 61: 157–191, 2009
Equitable list coloring and treewidth
Authors: Pelsmajer Michael J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGiven lists of available colors assigned to the vertices of a graph G, a list coloring is a proper coloring of G such that the color on each vertex is chosen from its list. If the lists all have size k, then a list coloring is equitable if each color appears on at most ⌈|V(G)|/k⌉ vertices. A graph is equitably k ‐choosable if such a coloring exists whenever the lists all have size k. Kostochka, Pelsmajer, and West introduced this notion and conjectured that G is equitably k‐choosable for k>Δ(G). We prove this for graphs of treewidth w≤5 if also k≥3w−1. We also show that if G has treewidth w≥5, then G is equitably k‐choosable for k≥max{Δ(G)+w−4, 3w−1}. As a corollary, if G is chordal, then G is equitably k‐choosable for k≥3Δ(G)−4 when Δ(G)>2. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
1,2,4‐Triazines, 9. The synthesis of novel 4‐amino‐1,6‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazinones
Authors: Mizutani Masato , Sanemitsu Yuzuru 
Published: April 2009

Abstract3‐Alkylthio‐4‐amino‐1,6‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5(4H)‐ones were synthesized by the reduction of 3‐thio‐4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazine‐3,5(2.H,4H)‐diones and successive S‐alkylation. The regiospecific alkylation on the N‐1 position or the exo amino group leads to a variety of 1,6‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5(4H)‐one derivatives. An alternative synthesis of 3‐thio‐4‐amino‐1,6‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazine‐3,5(2H,4H)‐diones was accomplished through the cyclization of 1‐thiocarbohydrazidoacetamide derivatives.
The behaviour of stereoisomeric ions in the gas‐phase. The case of some new macrocyclic ether‐tetraesters
Authors: Podda Gianni , Maccioni Antonio , Corda Luciana , Vecchi Enrico , Daolio Sergio , Traldi Pietro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe electron impact mass spectrometric behaviour of some new diastereoisomeric macrocycles containing diglycolyl moiety as subcyclic unit is reported and discussed in detail with the aid of linked scans, exact mass measurements and collisionally activated decomposition mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectra.
Nouvelles synthèses de systèmes bicycliques hétéroaromatiques. I. Cycloaddition [4 + 2]π de la diméthyl‐2,7 diméthylthio‐3,5 triazépine‐1,2,4
Authors: Hasnaoui Aissa , El Messaoudi Malika , Lavergne Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNous décrivons les réactions de cycloaddition de la diméthylthic‐3,5 triazépine‐1,2,4 1 avec différents diènophiles. La phényl‐4 triazoline‐1,2,4 dione‐3,5, le diméthylacétylène dicarboxylate, l'anhydride maléïque réagissent avec 1 selon une réaction [4 + 2]π. Excepté le premier, ces adduits subissent un réarrangement sigmatropique‐1,3 pour conduire aux hétérocycles.
Synthèse et structure de benzopyranno‐1 triazines‐1,2,4
Authors: Vinot Nicole , Maitte Pierre 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEn milieu basique, la monosemicarbazone de la triméthyl‐2,2,6 chromannedione‐3,4 se cyclise en benzopy‐ranno‐1‐[4,3‐e]‐2,2,6‐triazinone‐3. En milieu acétique, le chlorhydrate de semicarbazide et la dicétone donnent un mélange des benzopyranno‐1‐[4,3‐e]triazinones et [3,4‐e]triazinones‐3. Par contre, dans les měmes conditions, le thiosemicarbazide conduit uniquement à la benzopyranno‐1‐[4,3‐e]triazinethione‐3. La structure des composés préparés est en accord avec les spectres rmn 13C.
Synthesis of 4‐(4‐iodophenyl)piperazine and the 1‐carboxamidino derivative
Authors: Hanson Robert N. , Hariharan Shankar , Astik Ramesh 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe previously unreported 4‐(4‐iodophenyl)piperazine (2) was synthesized in a 70% yield and characterized. The reaction of 2 with S‐methylthiouronium sulfate gave the corresponding carboxamidino derivative 4 in a 61% yield. The tlc properties of 4 were identical with those of the radioiodinated material that had been prepared and evaluated as a potential myocardial imaging radiopharmaceutical.
Synthesis and reactions of heterocyclic methyl 2‐propenoates and 2,3‐epoxypropanoates with nucleophiles
Authors: Agarwal Kamlesh C. , Knaus Edward E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractReaction of 2‐(3‐,4‐)pyridinecarboxaldehydes5with carbomethoxymethylene triphenylphosphorane afforded predominantlyE‐methyl‐3‐(pyridinyl)‐2‐propenoates7.Oxidation of7a‐cwithm‐chloroperbenzoic acid gave methylE‐3‐(1‐oxidopyridinyl)‐2‐propenoates8a‐cin high yield. The Darzen's reaction of5a‐cwith methyl bromoacetate yielded a mixture of stereoisomerscis‐9a‐cand methyltrans‐3‐(pyridinyl)‐2,3‐epoxy‐propanoates10a‐cin a ratio of 2:1. Oxidation ofcis‐9a‐candtrans‐10a‐cafforded the correspondingcis‐11a‐cand methyltrans‐3‐(1‐oxidopyridinyl)‐2,3‐epoxypropanoates12a‐cin good yield. The reaction of11aand12awith cyclic amines as piperidine gave the respectivethreo‐13and methylerythro‐2‐(1‐piperidino)‐3‐hydroxy‐3‐(1‐oxido‐2‐pyridino)propanoate14.The sodium borohydride reduction of theN‐alkoxylcarbonyl pyridinium salts of9cand10cafforded the correspondingN‐alkoxycarbonyl‐1,2‐dihydropyridyl derivatives15and16.A number of selected compounds (7a‐c,9a‐c,10a,10c,11a‐cand12a,12c) were found to be inactive in the P388 Lymphocytic screen. Compounds9‐12did not react with the model nucleophile ethanethiol in phosphate buffer at 37°.
Aminomethyl psoralens. Electrophilic substitution of hydroxymethylphthalimide on linear furocoumarins
Authors: Heindel Ned D. , Choudhuri Mridula , Ressner Joel , Foster Natalie 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA new synthetic route to aminomethylpsoralens, substituted on the furan‐ring, has been developed by electrophilic substitution of N‐hydroxymethylphthalimide and subsequent hydrazinolysis. Hydroxy and methoxy activating functions on the psoralens lead to multi‐site substitution and the products of these phthalimido‐methylations resist simple cleavage with hydrazine. The two‐step introduction of a single CH2NH2 group is successful in psoralens containing only methyl substituents.
Synthesis of some 3‐alkenyl‐4‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐1H,4H, ‐pyrano[2,3‐C]pyrazole derivatives
Authors: Chantegrel Bernard , Nadi Abdel‐Ilah , Gelin Suzanne 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe title compounds were prepared from 3‐alkenyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one derivatives and α,β‐unsaturated acyl chlorides as potential cardiotonic agents.
Antimykotische wirkstoffe. XX . Fluorierte 2‐(4‐toluidino)pyrimidine
Authors: Kreutzberger Alfred , Gillessen Jutta 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAus der Kondensation von 4‐Tolylguanidin (1) mit den β‐Diketonen2a‐fgehen die fluorierten 2‐(4‐Toluidino)pyrimidine3a‐fhervor. Strukturtyp3zeichnet sich durch antimykotische Wirkung aus.
Substitution directe de l'azote N‐9 de la théophylline
Authors: Lefebvre Alain , Rips Richard , Martine Alain , Lespagnol Charles 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLa bis (chloro‐2 éthyl)amino‐8 théophylline (1) se cyclise en milieu alcalin en deux imidazo‐purines: une imidazo[1,2‐e]purine 2A (cyclisation en N‐9) et une imidazo[2,1‐f]purine 2B (cyclisation en N‐7). La structure de chaque composé a été déterminéd par spectrographie et confirmée par synthése univoque. La synthése d'une pyrrolo[2,1‐f]purine, nouvel hétérocycle, est décrite.
Some observations on the formation of 1‐hydroxyindoles in the leimgruber‐batcho indole synthesis
Authors: Clark Robin D. , Repke David B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe factors influencing the formation of 1‐hydroxyindoles in the catalytic hydrogenation of β‐dimethylamino‐2‐nitrostyrenes (Leimgruber‐Batcho indole synthesis) have been investigated. Significant amounts of 1‐hydroxyindoles were obtained only when the β‐dimethylamino‐2‐nitrostyrene was substituted with an electron‐withdrawing group at the 5 or 6 position. The proportion of 1‐hydroxyindole formed relative to the normal indole product was found to increase as both the amount of catalyst and hydrogen pressure were decreased.