bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FinCEN and regulators issue joint guidance on obtaining beneficial ownership information, potentially expanding certain financial institutions' USA PATRIOT Act obligations
Authors: Santangelo Betty , Stokes Amber 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe guidance (“the Guidance”) issued by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”), the Federal Banking Regulators and the Securities and Exchange Commission on obtaining beneficial ownership information for certain accounts and customer relationships.Design/methodology/approachThe paper summarizes the principal content of the Guidance, including the importance of customer due diligence (CDD) policies as the cornerstone of a Bank Secrecy Act/Anti‐Money‐Laundering program, the need for a CDD program to identify and verify the beneficial owners of an account, steps that should be included in CDD procedures to protect against heightened risks related to the beneficial owners of an account, enhanced due diligence that is appropriate for accounts that pose heightened risk, the suggestion in the Guidance to implement CDD policies and procedures on an enterprise‐wide basis, and requirements for private bank account and correspondent bank account due diligence programs.FindingsThe Guidance appears to expand certain concepts previously applied to banks by the Federal Banking Regulators to other financial institutions, including broker‐dealers, futures commission merchants, mutual funds, insurance companies, and money services businesses. It also appears to expand concepts set forth in Rule 312 of the PATRIOT Act beyond private banking and correspondent banking.Originality/valueThe paper provides expert guidance from experienced financial services lawyers.
In Rule 12b‐1 overhaul, SEC proposes dramatic changes to mutual fund distribution arrangements
Authors: Greene Nathan J. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain the SEC's proposal to establish a new framework for mutual fund distribution charges by replacing Rule 12b‐1 with a new Rule 12b‐2 combined with an amended Rule 6c‐10.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses the background of ongoing distribution charges permitted under Rule 12b‐1; explains the SEC's proposal to establish a hard cap to the percentage rate of the charges that can be deducted from funds over time and to require fund boards of directors to make annual determinations of the reasonableness, fairness, and effectiveness of front‐end sales loads and ongoing sales charges; provides a summary of the new cap; explains the proposed disclosure changes, fee externalization alternative, and timetable and compliance dates; discusses various commercial and legal issues to consider in light of the proposal.FindingsLong uncomfortable with a registered mutual fund's use of its own assets to pay for the distribution of its shares, the SEC is proposing a completely new approach.Originality/valueThe paper provides expert guidance from experienced financial services lawyers.
Second Circuit rules securities fraud claim of mutual fund shareholders relating to affiliated transfer agent arrangements may proceed, but upholds dismissal of breach of fiduciary duty claim
Authors: Dodds William K. , Vargo Brian S. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain a February 2010 US Second Circuit Court decision in Operating Local 649 Annuity Trust Fund v. Smith Barney Fund Management LLC that supported fund investor plaintiffs who alleged that fund advisors accepted undisclosed compensation from a transfer agent to the funds, but affirmed a district court dismissal of a shareholder claim alleging breach of fiduciary duty under Section 36(b) of the Investment Company Act of 1940.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explains the background to the Second Circuit Court decision, including the advisors' hiring of a transfer agent, the advisors' creation of their own shareholder affiliate, the advisors' alleged concealing from shareholders of critical aspects of the new transfer agent affiliate's subcontracting arrangements with original transfer agent, and the earlier District Court decision.FindingsThe Court's opinion emphasized the fiduciary duty and disclosure obligations of investment advisers to mutual funds, noting that CAM, acting through SBFM, owed a “duty of ‘uncompromising fidelity’ and ‘undivided loyalty’ to Funds' shareholders.” The Court agreed with the district court that Section 36(b) does not permit the plaintiffs to seek damages that “inure to their own benefit and not to the Funds'”. As a result, the Court affirmed the District Court's holding that the Section 36(b) claim must be brought derivatively.Practical implicationsThis case is a reminder that when proposing to provide a service “in‐house” a fund adviser should have a solid business rationale for doing so and should engage in a full dialogue with the fund's board regarding the proposal. Failure to disclose material information regarding such an arrangement could be significant in the context of a Section 36(b) claim, as well as a claim under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.Originality/valueThe paper provides practical guidance from experienced financial services lawyers.
Governance: a review and synthesis of the literature
Authors: Ruhanen Lisa , Scott Noel , Ritchie Brent , Tkaczynski Aaron 
Published: November 2010

PurposeDespite the proliferation of the governance concept in the broader academic literature, there is little agreement on definitions, scope and what actually constitutes governance. This is arguably due to the fact that empirical research on the topic, with some exceptions, is generally limited to case studies without use of any common conceptual framework. This is certainly the case in other fields of study and is becoming increasingly obvious in tourism research also. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to explore and synthesize the governance literature with the objective of identifying the key elements and dimensions of governance.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the two “parent” bodies of literature originating in the political sciences and corporate management fields of study, the paper provides a review and synthesis of the governance concept with the objective of identifying the primary elements and factors that have been employed in studies of governance to date.FindingsA review of 53 published governance studies identified 40 separate dimensions of governance. From this review, the six most frequently included governance dimensions were: accountability, transparency, involvement, structure, effectiveness and power.Originality/valueA synthesis of the governance literature has not been undertaken to date, either in the tourism literature or in other fields of study, and in doing so the authors provide a basis for tourism researchers to draw on a set of comparable conceptual dimensions in future research. Comparable dimensions which can be replicated and tested in empirical research will add additional depth and rigor to studies in this field.
Analysing tourism stakeholders networks
Authors: Presenza Angelo , Cipollina Maria 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the variety of relations existing in tourism networks, identified as complex and mutable entities, where a vast range of stakeholders coexist.Design/methodology/approachAfter a deep review on stakeholder theory, the research applies techniques of network analysis to a case study. Specifically, the analysis focuses on 354 hospitality firms acting in Molise Region (Italy). Each operator was asked to judge the importance to collaborate with other stakeholders to enhance the effectiveness of their management and marketing activities. The answers highlight the degree of preference among stakeholders and the resulting information is the level of confidence in the network.FindingsResults confirm the importance of intensifying relationships between tourism companies themselves and between them and policy makers. It appears that public stakeholders are more important for both management and marketing activities than private sector, since they place a much higher position in the scale of preference.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides a starting‐point for further research about non‐quantitative destination performance measurement, such as trust and commitment between the stakeholders in tourism destination, and the use of network analysis' techniques.Practical implicationsDestination managers and policy‐makers may use techniques of network analysis to elaborate useful information for planning and managing the relationships inside the tourism network.Originality/valueThe paper offers a novel approach for developing network analysis in tourism network literature. It explores non‐quantitative destination performance measurements and uses management and marketing activities to analyze relationships between public and private stakeholders.
Park visitors' perceptions of governance: a comparison between Ontario and British Columbia provincial parks management models
Authors: Buteau‐Duitschaever Windekind C. , McCutcheon Bonnie , Eagles Paul F.J. , Havitz M.E. , Glover Troy D. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to compare visitor perspectives of the governance of two of Canada's largest park systems: the parastatal model of Ontario Provincial Parks and the public and for‐profit combination model of British Columbia Provincial Parks.Design/methodology/approachThe authors developed an electronic survey based on the ten UNDP criteria of governance: strategic vision, accountability, transparency, consensus‐orientation, public participation, efficiency, effectiveness, responsiveness, equity, and rule of law. The survey was administered to park visitors for both park systems in the summer of 2008 and spring of 2009 (British Columbia Provincial Parks n=112, Ontario Provincial Parks n=255).FindingsResearchers determined that the ten governance sections of the survey actually form 11 governance factors. Data suggested statistically significant differences in regards to the visitors' perceptions between the two park systems. Specifically, visitors to Ontario Parks ranked all 11 criteria of governance higher, closer towards good governance, than did visitors to British Columbia Parks (p<0.001).Practical implicationsThese results suggest that the Ontario Parks parastatal model is closer to the ideals of good governance as perceived by the park users, when compared to the British Columbia parks' public and for‐profit combination model. This paper also provides future policy makers with a new understanding of the multiple factors that affect visitors experience and perceptions of protected areas.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to investigate visitors' perceptions of two commonly used protected area management models. These research findings contribute to the debate regarding which protected area management model is superior when compared using the UNDP governance criteria.
Improving tourism destination governance: a complexity science approach
Authors: Baggio Rodolfo , Scott Noel , Cooper Chris 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe growing interest in complexity science as a framework for understanding social and economic systems has had, in recent times, an influence on the study of tourism destinations. This paper aims to describe this approach and discuss its theoretical and methodological implications in terms of destination governance.Design/methodology/approachTraditional research has adopted a reductionist approach to modelling tourist destinations: variables and relationships are embedded in simplified linear models that explain observed phenomena and allow implications for management or forecasting of future behaviours. In comparison, this paper adopts an adaptive management approach. Rather than imposing lines of action to force the evolutionary path of a system, the effect of different management actions are modelled, producing experimental results that provide information about the system that is being managed, and used to refine strategies and governance styles. Complex systems provide a theoretical framework in which this adaptive philosophy is naturally embedded. After a brief overview of the complexity framework, the paper discusses its validity and applicability to the study of tourism systems by using a set of network analysis methods and numerical simulations.FindingsThis paper discusses a new perspective useful for the study of tourism destination governance, providing insights into its organisational structure and dynamic behaviour.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a philosophy and practical toolset to analyse and understand a tourism destination and the relationships between its stakeholders. It discusses the implications of this new approach with regard to the governance methods.
Roles and opinions of primary and secondary stakeholders within community‐type destinations
Authors: Franch Mariangela , Martini Umberto , Buffa Federica 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify primary and secondary stakeholders for the development of community‐type destinations and to analyse how the difference in power characterizes them with regards to how they value specific rules and how they estimate trust and control in the destinations. From this analysis it is possible to draw useful indicators for the definition of the destination governance.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of a literature review and field research. The literature review considers network approach and stakeholder approach in order to analyse the actors involved in the tourist offer (size of the network and characteristics of the nodes) and their influence reputation for identifying primary and secondary stakeholders within the destination. The field research is carried out in two community‐type destinations in the Alps. In both destinations, tourism is the main economic activity, as it involves a multiplicity of public and private stakeholders; the two destinations do differ for some important factors, like the kind of DMOs and the path of tourism development.FindingsThe research identifies and investigates primary and secondary stakeholders within community‐type destinations and their opinions about the involvement of public and private actors for the development of the destinations and their judgements regarding trust and control.Research limitations/implicationsResults are limited to two community‐type destinations.Originality/valueThe research adopts an innovative methodology to identify primary and secondary stakeholder of community‐type destinations and highlights some indicators for the definition of the destination governance (e.g. level of community participations, role of private and public actors, influence of trust and control).
Supporting distributed team working in 3D virtual worlds: a case study in Second Life
Authors: Minocha Shailey , Morse David R. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a study into how a three‐dimensional (3D) virtual world (Second Life) can facilitate socialisation and team working among students working on a team project at a distance. This models the situation in many commercial sectors where work is increasingly being conducted across time zones and between multiple teams. Collaboration in these geographically distributed teams is virtual rather than through face‐to‐face interactions. The paper investigates how a virtual world such as Second Life compares to other collaboration tools such as instant messaging or Skype; and the challenges that students experience in becoming acquainted with and working in Second Life.Design/methodology/approachThe paper has employed a qualitative research methodology involving data collection through group interviews, epistolary (email) interviews and semi‐structured individual interviews. The data have been analysed by applying the inductive analysis technique.FindingsThe analysis is presented through answers to questions which educators may have about the effectiveness of virtual worlds in supporting collaboration in virtual teams.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper highlights the pedagogical role of 3D virtual worlds in supporting communication, team working and community building. The methodology will be of interest to researchers in the area of virtual worlds as there is little guidance in the literature about how to evaluate student experiences of these environments.Practical implicationsThe research reported in this paper is timely and significant in view of current business scenarios such as the challenges of a globally distributed work‐place, the need to offer training to develop employees' skills of working in distributed environments and to meet changing market needs. Furthermore, the research will support the development of a coordinated response to the Leitch review of skills in the UK, which identified issues of resource‐intensive travel, global warming and the need for businesses to be seen as “green” for customer attraction and retention.Originality/valueThe paper discusses the role of 3D virtual worlds in supporting student team projects involving students who are geographically dispersed. The sense of visual presence and of place in a 3D world can make socialising in a virtual world, a more “human” experience than in 2D environments such as web sites, e‐mail, wikis and blogs, and even phone or video‐conferencing. The research reported in this paper could enhance uptake of 3D virtual worlds by organisations facing the challenges of facilitating socialisation and knowledge sharing in a distributed workforce.
New technologies in Portugal: regular middle and high school
Authors: Florentino Teresa , Sánchez Lucas , Joyanes Luís 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to elaborate upon the relation between information and communication technologies (ICT), particularly web‐based resources, and their use, programs and learning in Portuguese middle and high regular public schools.Design/methodology/approachAdding collected documentation on curriculum, laws and other related articles; the paper also includes statistical information based on collected data from questionnaires carried out in some main Lisbon parishes. The students and teachers universe in Portugal are about 110,420 people for regular public middle and high schools. In total, 1,120 questionnaires were collected and treated as samples.FindingsAccording to the questionnaires, technologies are quite accepted in schools. Use and quantity of resources restrain learning evolution with recent technologies. Combining theoretical knowledge and on‐field perceptions, analysis and evaluation leads to the conclusion that there are some evident discrepancies when ICT is analyzed across the curriculum, with quantities and use of ICT resources. Web‐based technologies seem to be insufficient inside schools and their use is low.Practical implicationsIncluding and adapting ICT with programs and curriculum are goals to reach in the years to come. Better understanding of ICT equipment and use in Portuguese public schools for middle and high levels.Originality/valueThere are only few or rare questionnaires related to ICT in Portugal and this kind of research should be more frequent and comparing with other countries and situations. Recently, some studies were carried out on e‐learning subjects. This paper can help educational entities better understand perceptions, gaps and directions to go in the future.
Reaching the hard places
Authors: Quinn Diana 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine current approaches to teaching used in academic development services and consider the diversity of their learners (academic faculty). Faculty engagement with teaching issues and innovations remains a concern for the higher education sector. The academic population contains large numbers of “hard to get at” people, struggling with workload and access issues.Design/methodology/approachAn additional online resource for academic development, called In a nutshell, has been developed and trialed for three years in a variety of contexts. These resources incorporate voices into concise online presentations with links to further resources. Academic viewers can, in private, participate and make informed decisions about whether they need to learn more about a topic, or not.FindingsA measurable improvement in faculty engagement with teaching issues and innovations has been detected that can be directly and indirectly attributed to this change in academic development approach. Usage data and user feedback supports the hypothesis that In a nutshells have had an impact on adult learners. Requests by faculty to collaborate on the production of new In a nutshells also indicate engagement. Positive changes in teaching and learning performance indicators are supportive.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provides evidence to support the use of concise, flexible and asynchronous online approaches as components of a structured academic development program that provides mandated and non‐mandated learning opportunities for university faculty. The addition of this approach can increase the reach of academic development to include those who can be traditionally hard to reach such as sessional faculty, workplace supervisors and time‐poor, full‐time academics. The concept has recently been extended to create concise learning support that engages and empowers new students to develop new skills.Practical implicationsA streaming server and software is required. Multiple versions of the material are created to ensure accessibility. The time commitment required to invest in initial production of high‐quality product is high; however, this is counter‐balanced by the re‐usability and outreach of the approach.Originality/valuePartial alignment of learning design and user feedback to an inclusive adult motivation framework indicates that although In a nutshells do meet most requirements of the framework, complementary activities that build the competence of faculty are needed to be linked to In a nutshells to ensure that all targeted adults are motivated to learn.
Topic‐based web site summarization
Authors: Zhang Yongzheng , Milios Evangelos , Zincir‐Heywood Nur 
Published: November 2010

PurposeSummarization of an entire web site with diverse content may lead to a summary heavily biased towards the site's dominant topics. The purpose of this paper is to present a novel topic‐based framework to address this problem.Design/methodology/approachA two‐stage framework is proposed. The first stage identifies the main topics covered in a web site via clustering and the second stage summarizes each topic separately. The proposed system is evaluated by a user study and compared with the single‐topic summarization approach.FindingsThe user study demonstrates that the clustering‐summarization approach statistically significantly outperforms the plain summarization approach in the multi‐topic web site summarization task. Text‐based clustering based on selecting features with high variance over web pages is reliable; outgoing links are useful if a rich set of cross links is available.Research limitations/implicationsMore sophisticated clustering methods than those used in this study are worth investigating. The proposed method should be tested on web content that is less structured than organizational web sites, for example blogs.Practical implicationsThe proposed summarization framework can be applied to the effective organization of search engine results and faceted or topical browsing of large web sites.Originality/valueSeveral key components are integrated for web site summarization for the first time, including feature selection and link analysis, key phrase and key sentence extraction. Insight into the contributions of links and content to topic‐based summarization was gained. A classification approach is used to minimize the number of parameters.