bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approaching children in experience advertising: Danish amusement parks 1969‐2008
Authors: Gram Malene 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to contribute to an understanding of how the child consumer has been constructed in experience advertising in a historical perspective, how the view of the child has changed and how the presentation of the “good” experience has developed.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on ads in the Danish children's magazine Donald Duck. The study is a historical overview drawing on both quantitative and qualitative approaches, drawing theoretically on consumer, childhood and experience theory.FindingsThe results show that the “child consumer” has moved from being invisible on the backstage to the very front of the stage in experience advertising during the four decades examined. Moreover, the idea of what an experience is for the child has changed radically and a move occurs from a focus on aesthetic experiences to experiences of immersion and challenges of the senses. The most recent ads promote the child as not just the co‐creator but the actual creator of the experience.Research limitations/implicationsIt is a limitation that the study is based on a Danish sample only, and findings cannot be generalized to other national markets. It would, however, be interesting to compare with other national markets.Practical implicationsMarketing implications of the findings could be to go further into the direction of user generated experiences as suggested in the most recent ads, e.g. in the direction of online games where the consumer is him or herself writing the storyline of the experience unlike the pre‐planned rides most amusement parks offer today.Originality/valueThis study draws on child experience professionals, who have been found to be more proactive in recognizing the child consumer than, e.g. academics, and in translating the view of the children as actors to advertising copy and imagery. These marketing professionals have from early on addressed children in their own language clearly perceiving them as consumers in their own right. The most recent ads staging the consumer as creator of experiences challenge Pine and Gilmore's experience realms and call for a new way of conceptualizing and offering experiences. This is interesting for researchers working with perceptions of childhood and actors working with commercial conceptualizations of experiences.
The dilemma of flavor and color in the choice of packaging by children
Authors: Gollety Mathilde , Guichard Nathalie 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe aim of this paper is, by using a semiotic approach to marketing, to evaluate the role of color and its influence on the choice behavior of children with regard to products where flavor is represented by color.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out as an experiment with children aged between 7 and 11 years of age.FindingsThe study showed that the color codes of the market are not used very much by children to make their product choice and also that the influences of metonymical logic (color of the component responsible for the flavor) and aesthetics (favorite color) dominate this choice. In a choice situation, flavor preference prevails more often over color preference.Originality/valueFrom an academic point of view, this paper informs the studies in sensory marketing used in the children's market. In particular, it enhances the work on the impact of color on children's decision‐making process. From a methodological point of view, it adds to the range of experimental designs used to research the child target.
Investigation of green marketing tools' effect on consumers' purchase behavior
Authors: Rahbar Elham , Abdul Wahid Nabsiah 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to determine the effect of green marketing tools on consumer's actual purchase behavior in case of Penang (Malaysia).Design/methodology/approachA survey was carried out on 250 Chinese, Malay, Indian and other races that represent the Penang population. Factor analysis, Cronbach alpha and multiple regression were used to identify factors impact on Penang consumers actual purchase behavior.FindingsThe result revealed that customer's trust in eco‐label and eco‐brand and their perception of eco‐brand show positive and significant impact on their actual purchase behavior.Practical implicationsThe paper provides practical information for green marketers and producers of green products in Malaysia.Originality/valueThis paper offer helpful guideline for government to formulate the green policies such as providing promotional incentives to green products manufacturers and encouraging public to buy products with eco‐label.
Strategic alliances: tools for constructing the future
Authors: Franco Fernando L. , Canen Alberto G. , Pizzolato Nelio D. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to develop a methodology for the identification of a desired normative scenario, acceptable and feasible, based on a set of prospective scenarios.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents strategic alliances as one fundamental tool in the process of constructing the future. The alliances are based on prospective scenarios, within strategic interactions.FindingsThe central key is the view of the most probable future as a NASH balance point. This point identifies not only a balance of forces, but also the negotiation limits for each actor and therefore the strategic alliances possible. The alliances, if achieved, create a “super actor”, destabilizing the original balance, and creating a new balance point, and therefore a more likely new future.Originality/valueThis article develops a methodology for the identification of a desired normative scenario, acceptable and feasible, based on a set of prospective scenarios.
Do they speak SNAG?
Authors: Barrett Mary 
Published: March 2011

PurposeBarrett compared the perceptions of female management students and senior female managers about effective and probable workplace communication strategies, and the extent to which each group's perceptions were influenced by gender norms in communication. The purpose of this paper is to compare male students' perceptions of the strategies to those of female students and female managers.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 255 second‐year male management students evaluated strategies for the same dilemmas as the two female groups.FindingsOverall, male students resemble female students rather than senior female managers. They reject some stereotypically male strategies, seeing them as more effective for women. Yet, male students regard an ineffective but probable approach to getting credit for ideas as even less effective for men than for women, and an effective, but feminine, strategy for getting noticed for promotion as more effective for women. Male students may believe using overtly feminine strategies penalizes men. Like female students, male students' confidence affects their personal choice of strategy.Research limitations/implicationsThe study used a limited number of dilemmas and demographic factors, limiting the results' generalizability. “Paper” scenarios, even if drawn from typical workplace dilemmas, may not reflect the work world. Nevertheless, the findings suggest language ideologies at work are changing for both genders.Originality/valueThis paper describes the first study comparing students' and senior women managers' reactions to classic workplace communication problems. In addition, it investigates the perceptions of young men rather than stereotypical males.
Surface modification of laser‐ and shot‐peened 6082 aluminium alloy
Authors: Trdan Uroš , Žagar Sebastjan , Grum Janez , Luis Ocan˜a José 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of shock waves and strain hardening effect of laser and shot peening on precipitation‐hardened aluminium alloy AA 6082‐T651.Design/methodology/approachThe hardened layer was evaluated by means of surface integrity with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy, analysis of microhardness and residual stress profiles. Corrosion anodic polarization tests in a 3.5 per cent NaCl water solution were carried out to express a pitting potential and the degree of pitting attack, which was verified on SEM and with 3D metrology.FindingsResearch results indicated significant differences between two treatment techniques which had an important influence on the final condition of the surface layer. Potentiodynamic polarization tests inferred that laser peening enabled shift of the pitting potential to more positive values, which ensures higher corrosion resistance.Originality/valueResults confirmed that the higher corrosion resistance of the laser‐peened specimens against pitting corrosion depends on the modification of the surface, due to ablation during plasma generation. Despite increased surface roughness, laser‐peened specimen exhibits beneficial increase of the pitting/breakdown potential and in reduction of pitting attack degree at the specimen surface.
Retained residual stress profiles in a laser shock‐peened and shot‐peened nickel base superalloy subject to thermal exposure
Authors: Buchanan Dennis J. , Shepard Michael J. , John Reji 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the residual stress relaxation in laser shock‐peened and shot‐peened IN100 subject to thermal exposure.Design/methodology/approachShot peening (SP) is a commonly used surface treatment that imparts compressive residual stress into the surface of components. The shallow depth of compressive residual stresses, and the extensive plastic deformation associated with SP, has been overcome by modern approaches such as laser shock peening (LSP). LSP surface treatment produces compressive residual stress magnitudes that are similar to SP that extend four to five times deeper, and with less plastic deformation. Retention of compressive surface residual stresses is necessary to retard initiation and growth of fatigue cracks under elevated temperature loading conditions.FindingsResults indicated that the LSP processing retains a higher percentage of the initial residual stress profile over that of SP.Originality/valueThe retained residual stresses after thermal exposure of these surface treatment processes can be incorporated into a life prediction methodology that takes credit for beneficial compressive surface residual stresses to delay initiation and retard fatigue crack growth.
Experimental validation of simulated fatigue life estimates in laser‐peened aluminum
Authors: Spradlin Thomas J. , Grandhi Ramana V. , Langer Kristina 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop and implement a structural fatigue life estimation framework that includes laser‐peened (LP) residual stresses and then experimentally validates these fatigue life estimations.Design/methodology/approachA three‐dimensional finite element analysis of an Al 7075‐O three‐point bending coupon being LP was created and used to estimate the fatigue life when loaded. Fatigue tests were conducted to validate these estimations.FindingsThe framework developed for fatigue life estimation of LP‐processed coupons yielded estimates with goodness‐of‐fit between the log‐transformed experimental and analytical data of R2=0.97 for the baseline coupons and R2=0.94 for the LP‐processed coupons.Research limitations/implicationsApproximated ε‐life fatigue parameters were used to calculate the fatigue life resulting from the complex residual stress fields due to the simulated LP process.Originality/valueA fatigue life estimation framework that considers LP residual stress fields has been developed for use on structural components.
Agricultural science and technology in China
Authors: Dolla Varaprasad S. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to delineate the evolution of agricultural science and technology (S&T) in China in the last three decades as it has been one of the major factors, besides others, in ensuring comfortable levels of global food security. In doing so, it focuses on policy and progress, which have provided the right ambience for Chinese agricultural science and technology to evolve into an effective instrument of development.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs institutional approach to government, scientists and farmers, who have been contributing to the growth of Chinese agricultural technology in two distinct ways. While the government has been playing a critical role in evolving a comprehensive agricultural S&T policy, scientists and farmers have been contributing to the progress of agricultural growth through research and application of various agricultural technologies.FindingsAgricultural S&T in China has increasingly been growing into a potent force in facilitating comfortable levels of food security but with serious implications on the environment. Of the three players who have been instrumental in this process, the Chinese Government and the scientists are well prepared for WTO and globalization vis‐à‐vis agricultural technology, but the farmers are not well positioned.Originality/valueAgricultural S&T development in China is critically important not only for Chinese food security but also for the larger global food and human security, as the two are inextricably connected. While most studies focus on various dimensions of agricultural technology, this study focuses on government, scientists and involved farmers, whose role is central to this process, and who are forced to rethink and reposition themselves in the development and use of agricultural S&T in China.
The impact of a mid‐season change of manager on sporting performance
Authors: González‐Gómez Francisco , Picazo‐Tadeo Andrés J. , García‐Rubio Miguel Á. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to evaluate the impact of a mid‐season change of manager on the sporting performance of professional football teams in the First Division of the Spanish Football League.Design/methodology/approachIn team sports, the manager takes important decisions that affect the sporting performance of the team. Although the manager is normally hired for a period of at least one season, clubs frequently change managers halfway through that period. Before taking that decision, the Board of Directors probably ask themselves: “Do we sack the manager … or is it better not to?” Data envelopment analysis (DEA) techniques are used to compare the performance of a group of teams that have changed their manager mid‐season to that of teams that have stuck with the same manager for the entire season.FindingsThe main result is that a mid‐season change of manager improves sporting performance, but it does not allow to perform as well as teams that have not changed managers halfway through the season.Practical implicationsChanging managers can be a good move when a football team is not performing well. However, club executives would be recommended to plan the season well beforehand to avoid finding themselves in a situation where they must change managers halfway through.Originality/valueThe foremost contribution of this paper to the existing literature in this field of research is the computation of programme efficiency scores with DEA techniques to deal with the analysis of the effect of a change of manager on the performance of football teams.
Athlete endorser effectiveness: model development and analysis
Authors: Braunstein‐Minkove Jessica R. , Zhang James J. , Trail Galen T. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeAs a fixture in the mainstream media landscape, athletes, coaches, and sport celebrities are regularly used to promote products from sports equipment to high‐end watches. With an intrinsic connection between athlete endorsers and sport‐related products, it is the use of these endorsers to promote non‐sport products that raises questions about their appropriateness as a marketing tool. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an explanatory model that analyzes athlete endorser effectiveness in promoting non‐sport products.Design/methodology/approachAn holistic approach was taken, examining the structural relationships of identification with an athlete and his/her sport to product‐endorser congruency, perceived value, and purchase intentions, providing a preliminary overview of key socio‐psychological factors that may influence the purchase intentions of endorsed products.FindingsThis paper provides empirical insights about the effectiveness of athlete endorsers for non‐sport products. The result was a 42‐item, five factor model (i.e. Athlete Identification, Sport Identification, Match‐Up, Perceived Value, and Purchase Intention) that fit the data adequately well.Research limitations/implicationsThis model provides academicians with a synthesized review, and application of the various factors that play a role in athlete endorser selection and viability. This model serves as a framework for future analysis.Practical implicationsThe paper includes a tactical approach that, when re‐evaluated, can provide a model to adapt and adopt in the selection of product or brand endorsers.Originality/valueThis paper fulfills an identified need to develop a model to test the oft adopted, yet highly risky, method of selecting an athlete to endorse products that do not have an intrinsic link to the sport in which he or she is employed.
Metabolic Studies on the Pathogenesis of Hangover
Authors: Ylikahri R. H. , Huttunen M. O. , Eriksson C. J. P. , Nikkilä E. A. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract. A variety of metabolic parameters were evaluated in 23 healthy male volunteers, after ethanol administration (1.5 g/kg) and correlated to the symptoms of hangover. The degree of intoxication and hangover were estimated using a simple test program according to which 11 subjects had severe and 12 mild hangover. Sequential determinations of blood ethanol, acetaldehyde, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG) and ketone bodies were made during the 21 hours after administration. Each subject served as his own control by taking part in an identical experimental session but receiving no ethanol.The maximal hangover occurred 12 to 14 hours after the initiation of drinking. At this time almost all of the ethanol and acetaldehyde had been eliminated from the blood. The intensity of the hangover did not correlate with the peak concentrations of ethanol or acetaldehyde in the blood. Marked hypoglycaemia regularly followed the administration of ethanol, but the nadir blood glucose values had no correlation with the intensity of hangover. Ethanol induced a significant rise in blood lactate concentration, the extent of which was similar in subjects with mild or severe hangover.During the most intensive hangover plasma FFA level increased when compared to the values observed during the control period. These concentrations were significantly higher in subjects with severe hangover than in those whose hangover was mild. An increase in plasma TG concentration regularly followed ethanol administration but the extent of the rise did not correlate with the degree of intoxication or hangover. Ethanol had a marked antiketogenic effect during the first 8 hours of the experiment after which the concentration of ketone bodies rose rapidly above the control level. Again the changes showed no correlation with the intensity of hangover.The results indicate that the intensity of hangover bears little relation to the changes in the metabolite concentrations measured. This suggests that the symptoms of hangover can not be accounted for by the ethanol‐induced alterations of the major blood metabolite concentrations.
Hypertriglyceridaemia Secondary to Liver Disease
Authors: Müller P. , Fellin R. , Lambrecht J. , Agostini B. , Wieland H. , Rost W. , Seidel D. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract. Some patients with liver dysfunction show a marked hypertriglyceridaemia, a phenomenon most frequently accompanied by cholestasis.In this report we have identified, isolated and characterized an abnormally large (300–700 Å), triglyceride rich, low density lipoprotein, (d 1.019‐1.063 g/ml) designated β‐lipoprotein (β2‐LP), from the plasma of patients with hypertriglyceridaemia secondary to liver disease. The βa‐LP differs significantly in its percent composition and protein moiety from the unique lipoprotein‐X (LP‐X) specific for cholestasis and also from normal β‐lipoproteins, both of which are also present in the patients LDL fraction. Furthermore, some evidence is provided suggesting that the β2‐LP is likely to represent an intermediate particle of chylomicron metabolism, which accumulates in this disease due to a markedly diminished hepatic lipase activity.
The Effect of Acute Uraemia on Gluconeogenesis in Isolated Perfused Rat Livers
Authors: Fröhlich Jürgen , Schölmerich J. , Hoppe‐Seyler G. , Maier K. P. , Talke H. , Schollmeyer P. , Gerok W. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract. The effect of acute uraemia on glucose and urea formation by isolated perfused livers of fasting rats was investigated.The basal gluconeogenesis following nephrectomy was significantly increased as compared to normal and sham operated controls. Enhanced glucose formation was associated with an increase in both urea synthesis and output of the poorly metabolizable amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine. In the presence of a mixture of amino acids (serine, threonine, lysine, glutamic acid, ornithine, and citrulline) all added at near physiological concentrations, the stimulating effect of uraemia on gluconeogenesis was further enhanced. This was paralleled by an increased formation of urea and an increased uptake of the amino acids. It is concluded that acute uraemia may stimulate glucose synthesis by increased substrate supply. This seems to be achieved by at least two different mechanisms, namely increased protein degradation and accelerated amino acid utilization.
Granulocyte Collagenase, Elastase and Plasma Protease Inhibitors in Purulent Sputum
Authors: Ohlsson Kjell , Tegner Hans 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSputum was collected from patients with purulent chronic bronchitis. Immuno‐chemical techniques using rabbit antiserum against human granulocyte collagenase and elastase showed the presence of both enzymes. Also the serum protease inhibitors ***α1‐antitrypsin and α2−macroglobulin were demonstrated. Their Protease inhibiting capacity was saturated. Granulocyte elastase and collagenase occurred not only in complexes with the inhibitors, but also as free enzymes. All sputa showed free proteolytic, elastolytic and collagenolytic activity. The concentration of collagenase was equal in the sol phase and in the gel phase of the sputa, but most of the elastase was bound to the gel phase.
Force Velocity Characteristics of Oesophageal Muscle: Interaction of Isoproterenol and Calcium
Authors: Cohen Sidney 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction of isoproterenol and calcium upon the force velocity characteristics of opossum oesophageal circular muscle, in vitro. Isotonic and isometric recordings were used to determine the velocity of shortening and force, respectively. All muscle was studied at its length of optimal tension development (Lo). To determine the effect of isoproterenol upon muscle contractility, studies were performed at 2.5 mM and 5.0 mM calcium Kreb's solution. The maximal velocity of shortening (V max) and the peak force (Po) of oesophageal muscle were 6.2 ± 0.3 mm/s and 16.8 ± 1.0 gm, respectively, at 2.5 mM calcium. Isoproterenol (10−5 M) decreased the V max to 4.9 ± 0.6 mm/s and the Po to 9.8 ± 1.3 gm (P < .01). Increased calcium (5.0 mM), alone, did not alter either V max or Po. However, at 5.0 mM calcium, 10−5 isoproterenol reduced the V max to 6.0 ± 0.6 mm/s (P > .05) and the Po to 13.9 ± 0.8 gm (P < .05). These studies indicate that isoproterenol significantly reduces the V max and Po of oesophageal smooth muscle during the neural mediated “off response”. This effect of isoproterenol is reversed, in part, by an increase in calcium concentration.