bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity prevention in the family day care setting: impact of the Romp & Chomp intervention on opportunities for children's physical activity and healthy eating
Authors: de Silva‐Sanigorski A. , Elea D. , Bell C. , Kremer P. , Carpenter L. , Nichols M. , Smith M. , Sharp S. , Boak R. , Swinburn B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground  The Romp & Chomp intervention reduced the prevalence of overweight/obesity in pre‐school children in Geelong, Victoria, Australia through an intervention promoting healthy eating and active play in early childhood settings. This study aims to determine if the intervention successfully created more health promoting family day care (FDC) environments.Methods  The evaluation had a cross‐sectional, quasi‐experimental design with the intervention FDC service in Geelong and a comparison sample from 17 FDC services across Victoria. A 45‐item questionnaire capturing nutrition‐ and physical activity‐related aspects of the policy, socio‐cultural and physical environments of the FDC service was completed by FDC care providers (in 2008) in the intervention (n= 28) and comparison (n= 223) samples.Results  Select results showed intervention children spent less time in screen‐based activities (P= 0.03), organized active play (P < 0.001) and free inside play (P= 0.03) than comparison children. There were more rules related to healthy eating (P < 0.001), more care provider practices that supported children's positive meal experiences (P < 0.001), fewer unhealthy food items allowed (P= 0.05), higher odds of staff being trained in nutrition (P= 0.04) and physical activity (P < 0.001), lower odds of having set minimum times for outside (P < 0.001) and organized (P= 0.01) active play, and of rewarding children with food (P < 0.001).Conclusions  Romp & Chomp improved the FDC service to one that discourages sedentary behaviours and promotes opportunities for children to eat nutritious foods. Ongoing investment to increase children's physical activity within the setting and improving the capacity and health literacy of care providers is required to extend and sustain the improvements.
Impacts of an aggressive riparian invader on community structure and ecosystem functioning in stream food webs
Authors: Hladyz Sally , Åbjörnsson Kajsa , Giller Paul S. , Woodward Guy 
Published: January 2011

Summary 1. Bioassessment in running waters has focused primarily on the impacts of organic pollution on community structure. Other stressors (e.g. invasive species) and impacts on ecosystem processes have been largely ignored in many riverine biomonitoring schemes, despite being required increasingly by environmental legislation. 2. Exotic riparian plants can exert potentially powerful stresses by altering both autochthonous and allochthonous trophic pathways. We examined the impact of Rhododendron ponticum on community structure and three key ecosystem processes (decomposition, primary production, and herbivory) in nine streams bordered by three characteristic vegetation types (deciduous woodland, pasture, or Rhododendron). 3. Community structure and ecosystem process rates differed among vegetation types, with autochthonous pathways being relatively more important in the pasture streams than in the woodland reference streams. Overall ecosystem functioning, however, was compromised in the invaded streams because both allochthonous and autochthonous inputs were impaired. Rhododendron’s poor quality litter and densely shaded canopy suppressed decomposition rates and algal production, and the availability of resources to consumer assemblages. 4. Synthesis and applications. Combining measures of invertebrate abundance, rates of litter decomposition and algal production in future bioassessments of stream ecosystem functioning can help to make better informed management decisions and to develop more focused priorities for mediating the negative effects of riparian invasions. We provide a series of specific recommendations for dealing with invasive riparian plants in general, and Rhododendron in particular, in order to minimize their impacts on stream ecosystems. For instance, where the invader produces poor quality litter the canopy should be kept as open as possible over the stream channel to reduce impacts on algal production, thereby retaining alternative food chains that can be exploited by generalist consumers in the absence of viable detrital resources.
Assessing deer densities and impacts at the appropriate level for management: a review of methodologies for use beyond the site scale
Authors: PUTMAN Rory , WATSON Peter , LANGBEIN Jochen 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Population density alone is unlikely to be a good predictor of the impacts of deer on their environment. The assessment of management requirements should therefore be based on assessment of deer impacts, alongside estimates of density.
Both density and impacts need to be monitored at a landscape scale, and there is a need to develop appropriate methodologies that allow managers to consider the current and likely future impact of deer.
The relevant scale for assessment (and management) varies both with deer species and context of impact, but should always encompass at least the estimated biological range of the population of deer present in an area. Some impacts (e.g. deer–vehicle collisions, and risks of disease transmission) may need to be assessed at a wider regional level.
In this review we consider various approaches available for assessing: absolute or relative animal abundance; impacts of ungulates on agriculture, forestry, amenity woodlands and other conservation sites; impacts on public safety (e.g. through road traffic accidents) and on humans or livestock through potential spread of disease.
In each case the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of methods are considered, before recommendations are made for methodologies which are sufficiently accurate, sufficiently robust and sufficiently practical to be favoured in a management context.
To address impacts at the landscape scale requires management policies that integrate information on both positive and negative impacts of deer in order to ensure appropriate and holistic management. We present a decision‐support framework suitable for use within the UK, using inputs from a variety of possible impact types to assist managers and forewarn of situations where current management may need to be modified.
Biochemical and Molecular Changes in Downy Mildew‐infected Sunflower Triggered by Resistance Inducers
Authors: Körösi Katalin , Bán Rita , Barna Balázs , Virányi Ferenc 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn the present study, the mechanism of resistance to Plasmopara halstedii, the downy mildew pathogen of sunflower, triggered by three resistance‐inducing chemicals, benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole‐7‐carbothioic acid S‐methyl ester (BTH), DL‐β‐amino butyric acid (BABA) and 2,6‐dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA), was investigated in susceptible, completely resistant and partially resistant sunflower genotypes. By applying P. halstedii‐specific primers, no detectable pathogen marker transcript accumulation was found in the infected but completely resistant sunflower hypocotyls; however, pretreatments with either of the three resistance inducers decreased the transcript accumulation in both the infected susceptible and the partially resistant lines. Benzothiadiazole pretreatment before inoculation considerably enhanced enzyme activities in the infected susceptible and the completely resistant genotypes but not in partially resistant plants. Pretreatment with resistance inducers before inoculation increased glutathione S‐transferase, defensin and catalase transcript levels in the susceptible but decreased in the partially resistant plants. Our results indicate that the resistance‐inducing chemicals can improve resistance in all of the sunflower genotypes to downy mildew and increase enzyme activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, as well as accumulation of mRNAs of glutathione S‐transferase, defensin and catalase. However, it is important to emphasize that activation of these defence‐related proteins did not correlate with the degree of resistance, but rather with the amount of necrotic tissues.
Genotypic and Pathotypic Diversity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the Cause of Bacterial Blight of Rice in Punjab State of India
Authors: Lore Jagjeet S. , Vikal Yogesh , Hunjan Mandeep S. , Goel Ravinder K. , Bharaj Tajinder S. , Raina Girdhari L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a major biotic constraint in the intensive irrigated rice belt comprising Punjab and adjoining north‐western states of India. Development and deployment of host resistance is the only effective means of BB management. The pathogen is highly variable, and the current Xoo population from the state could be classified into seven distinct pathotypes (PbXo‐1 to PbXo‐7) by inducing differential reactions on a set of near‐isoganic lines in the background of IR24 and some international, national and regional cultivars. Known BB resistance genes (Xa1, Xa3, Xa10, Xa11, Xa14, Xa18) were ineffective, whereas xa13, Xa4 + xa13, xa5 + xa13, xa13 + Xa21, Xa4 + xa5 + xa13, Xa4 + xa5 + Xa21, Xa4 + xa13 + Xa21, xa5 + xa13 + Xa21 and Xa4 + xa5 + xa13 + Xa21 and rice line IET8585/Ajaya were effective against all the seven pathotypes analysed. Xa21 was effective against all the pathotypes except PbXo‐3 and PbXo‐4. PbXo‐7, the most dominant pathotype, was found to be virulent and induced susceptible/moderately susceptible reaction on 22 of the 40 test genotypes followed by PbXo‐1, PbXo‐5 and PbXo‐6; PbXo‐2 was the least virulent pathotype. Molecular profiling of these pathotypes using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and IS1112‐based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) generated specific and reproducible fingerprint patterns. Primers S1117, S112, S109, S1106 and JEL are more informative in distinguishing pathotypes. At a similarity of 0.50, pathotypes PbXo‐1 and PbXo‐2 were grouped together, whereas other five pathotypes showed separate lineage. The data using RAPD‐PCR and IS1112‐based PCR approaches revealed their potential in generating unique DNA fragments specific for different pathotypes that may lead to the rapid assessment of genetic variation in the pathogen population. Pyramiding of two/more partially effective known Xa genes and/or search for new disease resistance genes effective against the wider Xoo population appears to be the most appropriate approach for BB management in the near future.
Brucellosis acquired by eating imported cheese
Authors: Brough Helen A , Solomon Anthony W , Wall Robert A , Isaza Fernando , Pasvol Geoffrey 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPyrexia of unknown origin is an important clinical presentation in both paediatric and adult medicine. We present a case of pyrexia of unknown origin in a 14 year‐old boy which turned out to be due to infection with Brucella melitensis, despite the patient not having left Great Britain – an officially brucellosis‐free country – in six years. Repeated history‐taking provided a clue to the diagnosis.
Trimethylaminuria: An under‐recognised and socially debilitating metabolic disorder
Authors: Christodoulou John 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPrimary flavin mono‐oxygenase 3 deficiency, an inborn error of choline metabolism, leads to an accumulation of trimethylamine, which because of its associated pungent odour of rotting fish, is a socially crippling disorder. Although it often has its onset in early childhood, it may take years or even decades before the diagnosis is established. In this review the clinical biochemical and genetic features of the disorder are reported. The principles of therapy will also be covered, including dietary, pharmacological approaches, as well as techniques used to manipulate the gastrointestinal environment as a strategy to reduce the gastrointestinal load of trimethylamine.
An analysis of entry and persistence among scientists in an emerging field of Science: The case of Neural Networks
Authors: Rappa Michael , Debackere Koenraad 
Published: February 2011

The title of Table 4 on page 336 should read: “Ancova of factors that might influence respondents' decision to leave the field”.The covariaties listed in the footer to Table 4 should read: “graduation cohort, experience at present”.
R&D networking in a pharmaceutical company: Some implications for human resource management
Authors: Albertini Sergio , Butler Jeff 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA case‐study of the R&D networking activities of Glaxo Group Research was carried out between June and November 1993. Different types of networking situation were identified using a simple 2times2 matrix –‐ the ‘networking uncertainty map’. This paper describes the background to Glaxo's R&D networking activities, introduces and illustrates the uncertainty map and then suggests the implications of each type of network. There are implications in general for R&D management and more specifically for the management of human resources in R&D. Managers might easily apply the uncertainty map to their own R&D networking situations.
Regional genetic subdivision in the Mohave ground squirrel: evidence of historic isolation and ongoing connectivity in a Mojave Desert endemic
Authors: Bell K. C. , Matocq M. D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Mojave Desert is characterized by a unique biodiversity and is an area of particular interest for the development of renewable energy facilities, which could impact habitat quality and population connectivity. To begin understanding current habitat connectivity in a Mojave Desert endemic, we examine population genetic characteristics of the Mohave ground squirrel, Xerospermophilus mohavensis. We use microsatellite and mitochondrial data to examine the spatial distribution of genetic variation and to infer regional demographic history and connectivity across the species' range. We also examine the demographic history of individual populations and assess the degree to which X. mohavensis may be hybridizing with its sister species, Xerospermophilus tereticaudus. We find that populations of X. mohavensis group into three regionally defined genetic clusters with admixture among the groups. Patterns of regional genetic subdivision and inferred patterns of colonization are consistent with what would be expected from the location and timing of the historic lake and river systems of the region. On a more recent timescale, most X. mohavensis populations do not appear to have experienced genetic bottlenecks, as would be expected from known population declines. Finally, we find that hybridization between X. mohavensis and X. tereticaudus is limited, and thus, not a source of introgression into the threatened species. The patterns of diversity and regional connectivity that we describe here for the Mohave ground squirrel are a first step in determining critical conservation areas for endemic Mojave Desert fauna.
Cognitive age and fashion consumption
Authors: Lin Yu‐Tse , Xia Kang‐Ning 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study used two‐step structural equation modelling to explore whether cognitive age acts as a mediator between fashion attitudes and fashion behaviours. Three nested and one non‐nested competing models were compared with the base model to determine which model was the best. Data from 1344 consumers showed that cognitive age plays a mediatory role between fashion attitudes and fashion behaviours. It fully mediates between high fashion interest and fashion behaviours, and between utilitarian orientation and fashion behaviours. However, cognitive age only partially mediates between individual taste concern and fashion behaviours.
S100B alters neuronal survival and dendrite extension via RAGE‐mediated NF‐κB signaling
Authors: Villarreal Alejandro , Aviles Reyes Rolando X. , Angelo Maria Florencia , Reines Analia G. , Ramos Alberto Javier 
Published: February 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 117, 321–332.AbstractS100B is a soluble protein secreted by astrocytes that exerts pro‐survival or pro‐apoptotic effects depending on the concentration reached in the extracellular millieu. The S100B receptor termed RAGE (for receptor for advanced end glycation products) is highly expressed in the developing brain but is undetectable in normal adult brain. In this study, we show that RAGE expression is induced in cortical neurons of the ischemic penumbra. Increased RAGE expression was also observed in primary cortical neurons exposed to excitotoxic glutamate (EG). S100B exerts effects on survival pathways and neurite extension when the cortical neurons have been previously exposed to EG and these S100B effects were prevented by anti‐RAGE blocking antibodies. Furthermore, nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) is activated by S100B in a dose‐ and RAGE‐dependent manner and neuronal death induced by NF‐κB inhibition was prevented by S100B that restored NF‐κB activation levels. Together, these findings suggest that excitotoxic damage can induce RAGE expression in neurons from ischemic penumbra and demonstrate that cortical neurons respond to S100B through engagement of RAGE followed by activation of NF‐κB signaling. In addition, basal NF‐κB activity in neurons is crucial to modulate the extent of pro‐survival or pro‐death S100B effects.
Ideology and Social Position in Poland: The Determinants of Voting for the Right, 1991–2005*
Authors: Swindal Megan G. 
Published: February 2011

Objective. The far Right's rise to power in Poland in 2005 left many observers curious about the relationship between conditions of rising inequality, recent E.U. accession, and the changing resonance of right‐wing ideology. This study analyzes Polish voting patterns over the 1991–2005 period in order to determine the effects of ideological and social‐structural variables on political behavior in a postsocialist context.Methods. The study employs bivariate analysis to assess the persistence or novelty of associations between conservative ideologies and right‐wing voting throughout a period of macro‐structural change. The data are drawn from the Polish General Social Survey.Results. The analysis indicates that by 2001, three ideological factors became newly correlated with voting for the Right: religious traditionalism, anti‐Communism, and free market values. Structurally, Poles with more years of education were the new base of party support by 2001.Conclusions. Contrary to expectations, postsocialism's economic “losers”—those with less education, less income, the unemployed—were not more likely to turn to the Right. Middle‐class interests began to have greater political influence by the end of this period, a conclusion that seems supported by more recent election outcomes.
A Computational Cognitive Model of Syntactic Priming
Authors: Reitter David , Keller Frank , Moore Johanna D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe psycholinguistic literature has identified two syntactic adaptation effects in language production: rapidly decaying short‐term priming and long‐lasting adaptation. To explain both effects, we present an ACT‐R model of syntactic priming based on a wide‐coverage, lexicalized syntactic theory that explains priming as facilitation of lexical access. In this model, two well‐established ACT‐R mechanisms, base‐level learning and spreading activation, account for long‐term adaptation and short‐term priming, respectively. Our model simulates incremental language production and in a series of modeling studies, we show that it accounts for (a) the inverse frequency interaction; (b) the absence of a decay in long‐term priming; and (c) the cumulativity of long‐term adaptation. The model also explains the lexical boost effect and the fact that it only applies to short‐term priming. We also present corpus data that verify a prediction of the model, that is, that the lexical boost affects all lexical material, rather than just heads.
Pediatric dental management of a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Muhney Kelly , Campbell Patricia Regener 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder that affects all connective tissue. Clinical manifestations of OI include bone fragility, hyperlaxity of joints, hearing loss, abnormalities of stature and facial structure, blue scleras, and dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI). OI is classified into four groups according to the severity and physical characteristics of the disease, although not all characteristics may be present in one individual. Currently, 20,000 to 50,000 individuals in the U.S. have been diagnosed with this disease. The aim of this article is to discuss medical and dental complications associated with OI and DI. A case presentation describes the clinical cars of a patient from birth to age 12.
Influence of Sex on Treatment and Outcome in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Frankenstein Lutz , Clark Andrew L. , Ribeiro Jorge P. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThe population is aging, the prevalence of heart failure increases with age, and on average women live longer than men. There is evidence for sex‐specific effects of individual, guideline‐recommended drugs used for treatment of chronic heart failure. Women are underrepresented in most clinical trials and only a minority of drug applications to regulatory authorities have included sex analyses. The present review focuses on the potential female survival benefit in heart failure, the influence of sex on medical treatment in a broader sense, and the potential benefit to be derived from guideline recommended treatment and common adjunctive heart failure medication.
Carriage of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Small Animal Veterinarians: Indirect Evidence of Zoonotic Transmission
Authors: Paul N. C. , Moodley A. , Ghibaudo G. , Guardabassi L. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is increasingly reported in small animals and cases of human infections have already been described despite its recent emergence in veterinary practice. We investigated the prevalence of MRSP and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among small animal dermatologists attending a national veterinary conference in Italy. Nasal swabs were obtained from 128 veterinarians, seven of which harboured MRSP (n = 5; 3.9%) or MRSA (n = 2; 1.6%). A follow‐up study of two carriers revealed that MRSP persisted for at least 1 month in the nasal cavity. Methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was isolated from 32 (25%) conference participants, whereas methicillin‐susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) was not detected, suggesting that MRSP may have a particular ability to colonize humans compared to MSSP. All isolates were characterized by spa typing. Methicillin‐resistant isolates were further typed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, SCCmec and multi‐locus sequence typing. Two lineages previously associated with pets were identified among the five MRSP isolates; the European epidemic clone ST71‐SCCmec II‐III and ST106‐SCCmec IV. One of the two MRSA isolates displayed a genotype (ST22‐ SCCmecIV) frequently reported in dogs and cats. MRSP isolates were resistant to more antimicrobial agents compared with MRSA isolates and displayed the typical multidrug resistance patterns of MRSP in pets. The 32 MSSA isolates belonged to 20 spa types and the most frequent types (t12, t15 and t166) were associated with common S. aureus lineages in humans (CC30 and CC45). Although low, the 3.9% MRSP carriage rate found among small animal dermatologists was surprising in consideration of the rare occurrence of S. pseudintermedius in humans, the lack of MSSP detection and the recent appearance of MRSP in Europe. As cases of human MRSP infection have been linked with pets, veterinarians should be aware of this zoonotic risk and proper preventative measures should be taken to avoid MRSP transmission from animal patients.