bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cladosporol a stimulates G1‐phase arrest of the cell cycle by up‐regulation of p21waf1/cip1 expression in human colon carcinoma HT‐29 cells
Authors: Zurlo Diana , Leone Cinzia , Assante Gemma , Salzano Salvatore , Renzone Giovanni , Scaloni Andrea , Foresta Caterina , Colantuoni Vittorio , Lupo Angelo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCladosporols, purified and characterized as secondary metabolites from Cladosporium tenuissimum, display an antifungal activity. In this study, we tested the antiproliferative properties of cladosporol A, the main isoform of this metabolite family, against human cancer cell lines. By assessing cell viability, we found that cladosporol A inhibits the growth of various human colon cancers derived cell lines (HT‐29, SW480, and CaCo‐2) in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner, specifically of HT‐29 cells. The reduced cell proliferation was due to a G1‐phase arrest, as assessed by fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis on synchronized HT‐29 cells, and was associated with an early and robust over‐expression of p21waf1/cip1, the well‐known cyclin‐dependent kinases inhibitor. This suggests that the drug may play a role in the control of cancer cell proliferation. Consistently, cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, and CDK4 proteins were reduced and histone H1‐associated CDK2 kinase activity inhibited. In addition to p21waf1/cip1, exposure to 20 µM cladosporol A caused a simultaneous increase of pERK and pJNK, suggesting that this drug activates a circuit that integrates cell cycle regulation and the signaling pathways both involved in the inhibition of cell proliferation. Finally, we showed that the increase of p21waf1/cip1 expression was generated by a Sp1‐dependent p53‐independent stimulation of its gene transcription as mutagenesis of the Sp1 binding sites located in the p21 proximal promoter abolished induction. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that cladosporol A inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation by modulating p21waf1/cip1 expression. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM): From Paradigm Lost to Paradigm Regained?
Authors: Zeleny Milan 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTBecause trade‐offs (Pareto optimal, non‐dominated or efficient sets) are not properties of criteria or objectives, but of sets of feasible alternatives, the proper task of decision making is to work on designing proper sets of alternatives rather than assuming them to be fixed and given a priori. In fact, decision making takes place only when multiple criteria and trade‐offs are present. All the rest (single criteria, aggregates or utilities) are simply analysis, measurement and search, not decision making.Similarly, optimization must involve design of the configuration or ‘shape’ of sets of alternatives because no given and fixed system can be optimized. Traditional ‘optimization’ is therefore measurement and search, or just computation. Anything given and fixed a priori cannot be optimized. Multiple criteria or objectives can never be conflicting per se because their properties emerge only when applied to different sets of alternatives. Criteria are only ‘measure tapes’ and no trade‐offs can exist among them. Because decision making is incompatible with a single criterion, all decision making involves multiple criteria: thus, Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) becomes a redundant designation.These and similar insights and conclusions call for MCDM paradigm re‐assessment: is it about decision making, or about analysis, measurement and search (explication) through computation? Eight different concepts of optimality are presented, as well as theories and models of trade‐offs elimination, conflict dissolution, optimal system design, de novo programming, theory of the displaced ideal and other advances related to feasible set optimal re‐design and re‐configuration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sample size requirements for the internal validation of psychiatric scales
Authors: Rouquette Alexandra , Falissard Bruno 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe ratio of subjects to variables (N/p), as a rule to calculate the sample size required in internal validity studies on measurement scales, has been recommended without any strict theoretical or empirical basis being provided. The purpose of the present study was to develop a tool to determine sample size for these studies in the field of psychiatry. First, a literature review was carried out to identify the distinctive features of psychiatric scales. Then, two simulation methods were developed to generate data according to: (1) the model for factor structure derived from the literature review and (2) a real dataset. This enabled the study of the quality of solutions obtained from principal component analysis or Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on various sample sizes. Lastly, the influence of sample size on the precision of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was examined. The N/p ratio rule is not upheld by this study: short scales do not allow smaller sample size. As a rule of thumb, if one's aim is to reveal the factor structure, a minimum of 300 subjects is generally acceptable but should be increased when the number of factors within the scale is large, when EFA is used and when the number of items is small. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crisis and employment: The case of Korea
Authors: Cho Dongchul , Shin Sukha 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper examines Korea's employment dynamics and analyzes how adverse impacts could be mitigated during the recent economic crisis in comparison with the 1997 to 1998 Asian crisis. A clear lesson is that policies to mitigate adverse impacts of financial crisis on the macroeconomic level should be given priority for preserving employment. In this regard, expansionary monetary and fiscal policies to keep aggregate demand from collapsing need to be emphasized once a crisis breaks out. However, equally crucial is the maintenance of sound pre‐crisis fundamentals to help keep negative impacts from proliferating, even when a crisis is triggered. In addition, flexible labor market structures and temporary employment‐boosting policies appear to be necessary to reduce the negative impacts of a crisis on workers. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Aortic isthmus blood flow in fetuses of diabetic mothers
Authors: Zielinsky Paulo , Frajndlich Renato , Nicoloso Luiz Henrique , Manica João Luiz Langer , Piccoli Antonio Luiz , de Morais Marina Resener , Bender Luciano , Silva Júlia , Pizzato Patrícia , Naujorks Alexandre 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that the aortic isthmus flow index (IFI) is lower in fetuses of diabetic mothers than in fetuses of nondiabetic mothers.Study DesignWe performed a cross‐sectional observational study to assess the IFI in fetuses, with (n = 13) and without (n = 37) myocardial hypertrophy, of mothers with diabetes mellitus and in fetuses of nondiabetic mothers (n = 23). Analysis of variance and Tukey test were used to assess differences among the groups.ResultsThere were no differences in maternal or gestational age among the groups. In fetuses of diabetic mothers, the mean IFI in fetuses with myocardial hypertrophy was 1.19 ± 0.06, and in fetuses without it was 1.18 ± 0.09. The mean IFI in fetuses of nondiabetic mothers was 1.32 ± 0.07 (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe IFI in fetuses of diabetic mothers is lower than in fetuses of nondiabetic mothers, possibly as a result of a decreased left ventricular compliance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Array CGH analysis in high‐risk pregnancies: comparing DNA from cultured cells and cell‐free fetal DNA
Authors: Gruchy Nicolas , Decamp Matthieu , Richard Nicolas , Jeanne‐Pasquier Corinne , Benoist Guillaume , Mittre Hervé , Leporrier Nathalie 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare results of array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on cell‐free fetal (cff) DNA from amniotic fluid supernatant and DNA from cultured amniocytes in high‐risk pregnancies.MethodWe selected 48 cases of high‐risk pregnancies (in utero growth retardation [IUGR] and/or at least two fetal malformations [polymalformation]). Bacterial artificial chromosome array CGH (BlueGnome) was performed on 38 fetal samples (frozen cff DNA and DNA from cultured cells) with previously normal karyotypes.ResultsFrom the 38 specimens, we obtained an adequate amount of sufficient quality DNA with a better quality profile using cff DNA compared to cellular DNA.Aberrations of clinical relevance were detected in three fetuses, and copy number variations considered as benign polymorphism were detected in one case using both sources of DNA. This results in an 8% detection rate of significant abnormalities in high‐risk pregnancies with a normal karyotype using array CGH (two cases with IUGR, one with polymalformation).ConclusionThese findings indicate the possibility of using cff DNA from amniotic fluid supernatant for array CGH with excellent results, even in late pregnancy when culture is no longer available. In this small series, pathogenic copy number variations are detected more often in the presence of IUGR than with polymalformation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of prenatal detection of neural tube defects in the pregnant population of the city of Barcelona from 1992 to 2006
Authors: Salvador Joaquín , Arigita Marta , Carreras Elena , Lladonosa Anna , Borrell Antoni 
Published: October 2011

ObjectivesTo assess the prenatal ultrasound detection rates (DR) of neural tube defects (NTDs) and its evolution over the 1992 to 2006 period in the pregnant population of the city of Barcelona.MethodsData on the population‐based register of birth defects were used to assess the evolution of the prenatal DR for isolated NTD, including anencephaly, spina bifida and encephalocele by trimester of gestation.ResultsIn the register, 127 isolated NTD cases, including 71 anencephalic fetuses, 49 spina bifidas and 7 encephaloceles were noted. Overall, prenatal ultrasound DR for isolated NTD was 94%. All fetuses with anencephaly or encephalocele were prenatally detected (100% DR), whereas DR for spina bifida was 84%, with no apparent variation over the observation period. An important increase in first trimester DRs was observed for anencephaly, rising from 16% in the first years of the study (1992–1996) to 71% in the last years (2002–2006).ConclusionA high DR (94%) for isolated NTD was observed in the city of Barcelona. The single significant change across the study period was an increase in the first trimester DR for anencephaly (from 16% to 71%). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sheet bowing in thermoforming
Authors: Vodak P.B. , Mix A.W. , Giacomin A.J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSheets to be thermoformed are often heated unevenly, with a higher temperature above the sheet. This results in upward bowing of the sheet, and this is caused by thermal expansion. We combine the analytical solution for the temperature gradient in a slab heated by radiation with a relationship developed from the cylindrical geometry of the sheet as it bows. We thus derive a dimensionless equation for sheet bowing as an implicit function of time for both top and dual heating. We thus uncover a new dimensionless group which we call sheet bowability. We find good agreement between our theory and our new top‐heated sheet bowing measurements. We provide a worked example so that the engineer can see how to apply our results. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Design and synthesis of new cationic water‐soluble pyrene containing dendrons for DNA sensory applications
Authors: Chen Ching‐Yi , Ito Yumiko , Chiu Yu‐Cheng , Wu Wen‐Chung , Higashihara Tomoya , Ueda Mitsuru , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of new water‐soluble cationic pyrene‐dendron derivatives, G1, G2, and G3, was successfully synthesized and characterized. These new dendrons were designed with the quaternized amino moieties at the periphery of the dendrons for DNA detection and functionalized with pyrene as a fluorescent probe. The electrostatic interactions between the plasmid DNA (pDNA) and cationic charged dendrons in an aqueous solution resulted in a change in the photophysical properties of pyrene, which could be shown in the UV‐vis and fluorescence spectra. Pyrene dendrons showed a high and rapid fluorescence response upon the addition of pDNA, which was strongly dependent on the size and hydrophobicity of the dendrons. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis of azide‐functionalized nanoparticles by microemulsion polymerization and surface modification by click chemistry in aqueous medium
Authors: Ouadahi Karima , Allard Emmanuel , Oberleitner Birgit , Larpent Chantal 
Published: October 2011

AbstractStable translucent aqueous suspensions of azide‐functionalized cross‐linked nanoparticles (NPs), with diameters in the 15–20 nm range, were prepared using two synthetic approaches. Copolymerization of azidomethylstyrene (VBN3), styrene, and divinylbenzene in various oil‐in‐water microemulsions led to NPs with modulable azide contents (0.53–0.78 mmol/g) and surface over volume distributions. Surface modifications of reactive NPs bearing chlorobenzyl groups, produced by microemulsion copolymerization of vinylbenzylchloride, with sodium azide led to azido‐coated NPs with high densities of peripheral groups (0.13–0.45 mmol/g). It is shown that the nature of the surfactant used for the preparation of the microemulsion has an impact on the incorporation of VBN3 in the polymer particles as well as on the surface reaction yield. The azide‐functionalized NPs were used as clickable polymeric scaffolds for the grafting of sparingly water‐soluble dansyl and fluorescein derivatives through copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition in water in the presence of surfactants as solubilizing agents to produce fluorescent NPs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis of PNIPAM polymer brushes on reduced graphene oxide based on click chemistry and RAFT polymerization
Authors: Yang Yongfang , Song Xiaohui , Yuan Liang , Li Mao , Liu Jinchuan , Ji Rongqin , Zhao Hanying 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPreparation and characterization of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymer brushes on the surfaces of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets based on click chemistry and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was reported. RGO sheets prepared by thermal reduction were modified by diazonium salt of propargyl p‐aminobenzoate, and alkyne‐functionalized RGO sheets were obtained. RAFT chain transfer agent (CTA) was grafted to the surfaces of RGO sheets by click reaction. PNIPAM on RGO sheets was prepared by RAFT polymerization. Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results all demonstrated that RAFT CTA and PNIPAM were successfully produced on the surfaces of RGO sheets. Nanosized PNIPAM domains on RGO sheets were observed on TEM. Micro‐DSC result indicated that in aqueous solution PNIPAM on RGO sheets presented a lower critical solution temperature at 33.2 °C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
RECK overexpression decreases invasive potential in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Rabien Anja , Ergün Bettina , Erbersdobler Andreas , Jung Klaus , Stephan Carsten 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDRECK is a tumor suppressor which inhibits metastasis and angiogenesis. Based on RECK expression in prostate cancer tissue and cell lines, our aim was to investigate functional relevance of RECK for prostate carcinoma.METHODSRECK protein levels were determined by Western blotting in the human prostate cell lines BPH‐1, DU‐145, LNCaP, PC‐3, and in tissue of 12 normal/tumor matches of patients after radical prostatectomy. Functional characteristics of DU‐145 cells with stable RECK overexpression included proliferation, invasion, regulation of matrix metalloproteinases MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and MMP‐14 measured by zymography (MMP‐2 and ‐9) or commercially available assays.RESULTSRECK was expressed in cell lines and tissue with a significant decrease in malignant tissue (P = 0.002). RECK overexpression caused an up to 80% decrease in invasion for DU‐145 cells (P < 0.001) and a decrease of pro‐MMP‐9 (42%) and of pro‐/active MMP‐14 (up to 53% of control). Proliferation was not affected by RECK overexpression.CONCLUSIONSThe considerable anti‐invasive potential of RECK points to new therapeutic possibilities for prostate cancer. Prostate 72:948–954, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paracrine hedgehog increases the steroidogenic potential of prostate stromal cells in a Gli‐dependent manner
Authors: Levina Elina , Chen Mengqian , Carkner Richard , Shtutman Michael , Buttyan Ralph 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAcquired intratumoral steroidogenesis is involved in progression of prostate cancer to castration resistant disease (CRPC) and a target for improved therapeutics. Recent work has shown that prostate cancer cells can acquire steroidogenic activity as they progress to a therapeutic‐resistant state. However, benign prostate stromal cells (PrSCs) also have steroidogenic potential though they are often overlooked as a source of intratumoral androgens. Here, we present preliminary studies showing that the steroidogenic activity of primary human PrSCs is significantly increased by exposure to a Hedgehog agonist (SAG) or by transduction of PrSCs with lentiviruses that expresses active Gli2 (Gli2ΔN), a transcription factor that is triggered by Hh signaling. Comparative gene expression profiling on Chips, that was confirmed by quantitative real‐time PCR, revealed that hedgehog agonist treatment induced in these cells expressions of hedgehog target genes (Gli1, Ptch1, and SCUBE1) plus a specific cadre of genes involved in cholesterol/steroid biosynthesis, metabolism, and transport. Genes involved downstream in steroid hormone generation, including CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 were also induced. Both the hedgehog agonist and the Gli2‐expressing lentivirus significantly increased the output of testosterone (T) from PrSCs that were supplemented with dihydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an adrenal precursor of T. Finally, knockdown of Gli2 by siRNA suppressed the ability of SAG to induce this response. Collectively, our data indicate that hedgehog/Gli signaling may be a factor in acquired intratumoral steroidogenesis of a prostate tumor through its actions on stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment and an influence for the development of CRPC. Prostate 72:817–824, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic relevance of Bcl‐2 overexpression in surgically treated prostate cancer is not caused by increased copy number or translocation of the gene
Authors: Fleischmann A. , Huland H. , Mirlacher M. , Wilczak W. , Simon R. , Erbersdobler A. , Sauter G. , Schlomm T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDOverexpression of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 plays a role in prostate cancer progression, particularly in transformation to androgen‐independent disease. Androgen‐independent prostate cancers have been shown to harbor Bcl‐2 gene copy number gains frequently suggesting that this genetic alteration might play a role in Bcl‐2 overexpression. The relation of Bcl‐2 overexpression and copy number gains or translocation of the BCL‐2 gene in prostate cancer under hormone‐naïve conditions is unknown.METHODSProstate cancers of 3,261 hormone‐naïve patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were arrayed in a TMA with one tissue core (diameter 0.6 mm) per tumor. Bcl‐2 immunohistochemistry, analyzed for Bcl‐2 expression level (negative, low, and high), was correlated with clinical, histopathological and molecular (Ki67, p53) tumor features, and biochemical failure. Cancers with high‐level Bcl‐2 expression were evaluated for genetic aberrations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).RESULTSBcl‐2 expression was significantly up‐regulated in tumors with aggressive phenotype as indicated by high Gleason score (P < 0.0001), advanced stage (P < 0.0001), and high proliferation index (P = 0.0114). The different Bcl‐2 expression levels translated into significantly different survival curves showing better outcome for patients with lower Bcl‐2 levels. The prognostic information obtained from the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 was independent from the proliferation index (Ki67) of the cancer. FISH analysis detected no copy number gains or translocation of the Bcl‐2 gene.CONCLUSIONBcl‐2 overexpression in prostate cancers under hormone‐naïve conditions is not associated with increased copy numbers of the gene. This suggests that these frequently detected genetic alterations in androgen‐independent tumors occur late in prostate cancer progression. Prostate 72:991–997, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the stoichiometry of Deinococcus radiodurans Dps‐1 binding to duplex DNA
Authors: Nguyen Khoa H. , Smith Luke T. , Xiao LiJuan , Bhattacharyya Gargi , Grove Anne 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDNA protection during starvation (Dps) proteins, dodecameric assemblies of four‐helix bundle subunits, contribute to protection against reactive oxygen species. Deinococcus radiodurans, which is characterized by resistance to DNA damaging agents, encodes two Dps homologs, of which Dps‐1 binds DNA with high affinity. DNA binding requires N‐terminal extensions preceding the four‐helix bundle core. Composed of six Dps‐1 dimers, each capable of DNA binding by N‐terminal extensions interacting in consecutive DNA major grooves, dodecameric Dps‐1 would be predicted to feature six DNA binding sites. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, we show that dodecameric Dps‐1 binds 22‐bp DNA with a stoichiometry of 1:6, consistent with the existence of six DNA binding sites. The stoichiometry of Dps‐1 binding to 26‐bp DNA is 1:4, suggesting that two Dps‐1 dodecamers can simultaneously occupy opposite faces of this DNA. Mutagenesis of an arginine (Arg132) on the surface of Dps‐1 leads to a reduction in DNA binding. Altogether, our data suggest that duplex DNA lies along the dimer interface, interacting with Arg132 and the N‐terminal α‐helices, and they extend the hexagonal packing model for Dps–DNA assemblies by specifying the basis for occupancy of available DNA binding sites. Proteins 2011; © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can generating representations enhance learning with dynamic visualizations?
Authors: Zhang Zhihui Helen , Linn Marcia C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study explores the impact of asking middle school students to generate drawings of their ideas about chemical reactions on integrated understanding. Students explored atomic interactions during hydrogen combustion using a dynamic visualization. The generation group drew their ideas about how the reaction takes place at the molecular level. The interaction group conducted multiple experiments with the visualization by varying the amount of energy provided to ignite the reaction. The generation group integrated more ideas about chemical reactions and made more precise interpretations of the visualization than the interaction group. Embedded assessments show that generation motivated students to interpret the visualization carefully and led to more productive explanations about ideas represented in the dynamic visualization. In contrast, the interaction group was less successful in linking the visualization to underlying concepts and observable phenomena and wrote less detailed explanations. The study suggests that drawing is a promising way to help students interpret complex visualizations and integrate information. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 1177–1198, 2011