bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in Pesticide Toxicity in the Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Associated with Consuming Phytochemically Different Monofloral Honeys
Authors: Liao Ling-Hsiu , Wu Wen-Yen , Berenbaum May R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInsecticide toxicity to insect herbivores has long been known to vary across different host plants; this phenomenon has been widely documented in both foliage-feeders and sap-feeders. Species-specific phytochemical content of hostplant tissues is assumed to determine the pattern of induction of insect enzymes that detoxify insecticides, but specific phytochemicals have rarely been linked to host plant-associated variation in pesticide toxicity. Moreover, no studies to date have examined the effects of nectar source identity and phytochemical composition on the toxicity of insecticides to pollinators. In this study, we compared LD50 values for the insecticide bifenthrin, a frequent contaminant of nectar and pollen in agroecosystems, in the western honey bee, Apis mellifera, consuming three phytochemically different monofloral honeys: Nyssa ogeche (tupelo), Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust), and Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat). We found that bifenthrin toxicity (LD50) values for honey bees across different honey diets is linked to their species-specific phytochemical content. The profiles of phenolic acids and flavonoids of buckwheat and locust honeys are richer than is the profile of tupelo honey, with buckwheat honey containing the highest total content of phytochemicals and associated with the highest bifenthrin LD50 in honey bees. The vector fitting in the ordination analysis revealed positive correlations between LD50 values and two honey phytochemical richness estimates, Chao1 and Abundance-based Coverage Estimator (ACE). These findings suggest unequal effects among different phytochemicals, consistent with the interpretation that certain compounds, including ones that are rare, may have a more pronounced effect in mitigating pesticide toxicity.
Methods for investigating STAT3 regulation of lysosomal function in mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Lloyd-Lewis Bethan , D’Angelo Michael E. , Prowting Neve B. , Wiseman Bethan E. , Sargeant Timothy J. , Watson Christine J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe transcription factor STAT3 is activated by multiple cytokines and other extrinsic factors. It plays a key role in immune and inflammatory responses and, when dysregulated, in tumourigenesis. STAT3 is also an indispensable mediator of the cell death process that occurs during post-lactational regression of the mammary gland, one of the most dramatic examples of physiological cell death in adult mammals. During this involution of the gland, STAT3 powerfully enhances the lysosomal system to efficiently remove superfluous milk-producing mammary epithelial cells via a lysosomal-mediated programmed cell death pathway. The lysosome is a membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic organelle that digests and recycles cellular waste, with an important role as a signalling centre that monitors cellular metabolism. Here, we describe key strategies for investigating the role of STAT3 in regulating lysosomal function using a mammary epithelial cell culture model system. These include protocols for lysosome enrichment and enzyme activity assays, in addition to microscopic analyses of the vesicular compartment in cell lines. Collectively, these approaches provide the tools to investigate multiple aspects of lysosome biogenesis and function, and to define both direct and indirect roles for STAT3.
X-ray 3D Fiber Orientation Tomography via Alternating Optimization of Scattering Coefficients and Directions
Authors: Mori Tomoki , Ohtake Yutaka , Yatagawa Tatsuya , Kido Kazuhiro , Tsuboi Yasunori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe X-ray Talbot–Lau interferometer (TLI) has been introduced as a device to measure the X-ray interference using an ordinary X-ray source rather than coherent X-ray sources. For nondestructive testing, the advantage of TLI is its capability to obtain darkfield images, where fibers in fiber-reinforced plastics can be distinguished from the matrix. From darkfield images, 3D tomographic reconstruction techniques have been investigated to visualize the distribution of fiber orientations. However, previous approaches assume that X-ray scattering occurs only along the predefined scattering directions that are shared within the entire volume of a test sample. In contrast, a novel technique that we introduce in this paper optimizes the predominant scattering directions independently at each voxel location. The proposed method employs an alternating optimization scheme, where it first calculates the scattering intensities along the scattering directions and then updates these scattering directions, accordingly. Owing to this alternative optimization scheme, our method demonstrates promising performance, particularly when the predominant scattering directions are indeterminate. This advantage of our proposed technique is validated with the sample made of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP). For these samples, reference fiber orientations are determined in advance using micro-focus CT scanning. To our knowledge, we are the first to optimize both the scattering intensity and scattering directions in reconstructing fiber orientations in industrial-purpose darkfield tomography. The findings presented in this paper potentially contribute to advancing applications in industrial nondestructive testing.
A device for rapid calorimetric measurements on small biological tissue samples
Authors: Lerchner Johannes , Hervas Livia S. , Bícego Kenia C. , Garcia Geovana S. , Oliveira Marcos T. , Hasic Mersiha , Klingenspor Martin , Mertens Florian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA new calorimetric technique is described that allows high-throughput heat production rate measurements on small biological tissue samples. The technique is based on the widely used thermopile chip technology combined with an innovative method for precise transport and positioning of samples of different biological materials at the thermal power detector inside the calorimeter. The new transport and positioning technique is a combination of fluidic and mechanical transport, where the latter is realized by a magneto-motor drive. The transport facility ensures good diffusive oxygen penetration into the sample, which is essential for highly metabolically active materials. The proper functioning of the device is demonstrated by measuring the heat production of metabolically active brown adipose tissue, biopsied tegu lizard muscle, and live Drosophila larvae at different stages and temperatures.
Pain and temporality: a merleau-pontyian approach
Authors: Wagner Judith N 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChronic pain is a common disorder with enormous sociomedical importance. A major part of primary and secondary costs of illness is caused by the various pain syndromes. Nociception – the sensory perception of a painful stimulus – is a complex process relying on an intricate system of anatomical, neurophysiological and biochemical networks. This applies even more so to pain – the state of experiencing a nociceptive event, of interpreting it in terms of meaning for the affected individual and of suffering a range of emotions it elicits. This intricacy renders it obvious, that the empirical medical sciences alone cannot explain all aspects of pain. Hence, it has also become a focus of phenomenological research. One aspect of these investigations is the interaction of pain and the perception of the lived body’s spatiality. The focus of this article will build on these concepts to develop a construct of the alteration of temporality caused by chronic pain and the effects this spells out for the affected subject. To this end, I will primarily draw on Merleau-Ponty’s ideas of the lived body as well as on theories of enactivism and embodiment. I will also point out parallels to neuroscientific data, thereby demonstrating the proximity of phenomenology and neuroscience. A possible partial solution to the pain dilemma may be derived from psychology: techniques relying on cognitive behavioural intervention, awareness training, and existential analysis may provide alleviation to patients suffering from chronic pain.
Reflective Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Lewis Peter R. , Sarkadi Ştefan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs artificial intelligence (AI) technology advances, we increasingly delegate mental tasks to machines. However, today’s AI systems usually do these tasks with an unusual imbalance of insight and understanding: new, deeper insights are present, yet many important qualities that a human mind would have previously brought to the activity are utterly absent. Therefore, it is crucial to ask which features of minds have we replicated, which are missing, and if that matters. One core feature that humans bring to tasks, when dealing with the ambiguity, emergent knowledge, and social context presented by the world, is reflection. Yet this capability is completely missing from current mainstream AI. In this paper we ask what reflective AI might look like. Then, drawing on notions of reflection in complex systems, cognitive science, and agents, we sketch an architecture for reflective AI agents, and highlight ways forward.
Fabrication, characterization, spectroscopic, and magnetic properties of polyaniline/magnetite (PANi/Fe3O4) nanocomposites
Authors: Elashmawi I. S. , Alhusaiki-Alghamdi H. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this research, pure polyaniline (PANi), pure magnetite (Fe3O4), and then PANi/ Fe3O4 nanocomposites were prepared and characterized. FT-IR spectra of the prepared samples indicate successful polymerization of PANi onto Fe3O4. PANi/Fe3O4 nanocomposites exhibit broad absorption bands at specific wavenumbers, indicating the presence of various functional groups. The observed blue shift in certain peaks suggests the interaction between nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms on the magnetite surface through hydrogen bonding. The intensity and wavenumber of the Fe3O4 band decrease, indicating weakened Fe–O bonds. These findings demonstrate a strong interaction and combination between PANi and Fe3O4 in the nanocomposites. Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibit a regular spherical shape with an average diameter of 16 nm. However, they also show non-uniform size distribution due to aggregation into larger secondary particles, likely driven by attractive forces. PANi/Fe3O4 core-shell nanocomposites demonstrate clear morphological changes, with Fe3O4 nanoparticles well spread and wrapped by the PANi shell. The electron diffraction technique confirms the crystalline structure of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, showing diffraction rings consistent with magnetite. The results confirm the potential of incorporating magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles to impart magnetic functionality in the resulting PANi-based nanocomposite materials. Magnetic saturation measurements displayed an enhancement in magnetization with increasing Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The change in magnetic behavior for doped samples provides a means of tuning the magnetization strength of the composites to meet the application requirement such as data storage and magnetic sensors.
Analysis of Test Specimen Temperature Gradients Incurred in Resistive Heating System Oxidation Studies of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics
Authors: Backman Lavina , Graham Kyle , Dion Michael , Opila Elizabeth J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe need for advanced materials that can meet application requirements at ultra-high temperatures in oxidizing environments is an area of active research. One challenge facing the high temperature materials community is the ability to conduct controlled ultra-high temperature oxidation tests with minimal to no contamination or reaction with the chamber. A unique resistive heating system (RHS) capable of achieving ultra-high temperatures (> 1700 °C) to enable such experimentation is described. A concern of such a system is the potential presence of thermal gradients in directions not reflective of actual material applications, e.g., the hottest region being in the center of the sample. Experimental results from the oxidation of ZrB2 specimens at nominal temperatures of 1500°, 1700° and 1800 °C in low pO2 (0.1–1% O2 in Ar) environments are presented. Specimen thermal gradients generated during oxidation were evaluated using finite element analysis models. Thermal gradients on the order of the uncertainty in temperature measurements were calculated, confirming the RHS suitability for conducting ultra-high temperature oxidation exposures on ultra-high temperature ceramics.
Pituitary and COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review
Authors: Verrienti Martina , Marino Picciola Valentino , Ambrosio Maria Rosaria , Zatelli Maria Chiara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This systematic review aims to examine the latest research findings and assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the pituitary gland.

Method
PubMed and Tripdatabase were searched from January 1st, 2020 to February 12th, 2024. Case reports, case series and reviews related to post COVID-19 vaccination pituitary disease were included. Eligible articles were tabulated and analysed in the attempt to provide an overview on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging, treatment, outcomes and pathophysiological background of post COVID-19 vaccination pituitary disease.

Results
Among the 23 case reports included in this review, post COVID-19 vaccination hypophysitis was reported in 9 patients, pituitary apoplexy (PA) in 6 cases, SIADH in 5 cases and Isolated ACTH deficiency in 2 cases. Additionally, precipitating adrenal crisis was registered in 7 patients and pituitary tumor enlargement in 1 patient after receiving COVID-19 vaccination.

Conclusion
Despite the rarity of these events, our research findings suggest an association between COVID-19 vaccination and the subsequent development of pituitary diseases. The most common manifestations include hypophysitis with ADH deficiency, PA and SIADH, with symptoms typically emerging shortly after vaccine administration. Potential pathogenetic mechanisms include molecular mimicry, vaccine adjuvants and vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), with the presence of ACE2 receptors in the hypothalamus-pituitary system contributing to the process. These findings can aid in diagnostic and treatment decisions for patients presenting with these syndromes. Nevertheless, given the rarity of these events, safety and efficacy of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines remain robust and we strongly advocate continuing pursuing vaccination efforts.
Dealing with elemental toxicities in crops: hot topics and likely solutions
Authors: Liu Jiayou , Li Yalin , Xu Qian , Song Won-Yong , Yu Min , Shabala Sergey 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The widespread presence of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils coupled with a problem of Al phytotoxicity threatens sustainability of agricultural production system as well as natural ecosystems.

Scope
Understanding the role of membrane transporters responsible for uptake, translocation, and sequestration of above metal(oid)s and the modes of their regulation may be critical to tackle the above issue. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of membrane transporters mediating As, Cd and Al homeostasis in plants, highlighting unanswered questions and offering potential solutions. Amongst these, the following topics may deserve a special attention in future studies: (1) uncoupling transport of As and inorganic phosphorous in plant roots focusing on PHT1;1 transporters; (2) revealing the modes of their post-translational regulation, especially under hypoxic conditions; (3) better understanding of structure–function relations of various transporters isoforms for Cd, to uncouple transport of toxic Cd metals from that for essential micronutrients such as Fe, Zn or Mn; (4) revealing the role of non-selective cation channels (NSCC) in Cd uptake and revealing mechanisms of their regulation; (5) elucidate the role of various aquaporins in Al3+ uptake in plant roots; (6) understanding the role of slow vacuolar (SV) channels in Al sequestration in plant vacuoles; and (7) revealing the mechanistic basis of long-distant transport of toxic ions, with specific emphasis of phloem transport.

Conclusion
These multidisciplinary efforts strive to ensure global food safety by mitigating the impact of heavy metal pollution on agriculture and human well-being.
Genetic variation in Zea mays influences microbial nitrification and denitrification in conventional agroecosystems
Authors: Favela Alonso , Bohn Martin O. , Kent Angela D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Nitrogenous fertilizers provide a short-lived benefit to crops in agroecosystems, but stimulate nitrification and denitrification, processes that result in nitrate pollution, N2O production, and reduced soil fertility. Recent advances in plant microbiome science suggest that genetic variation in plants can modulate the composition and activity of rhizosphere N-cycling microorganisms. Here we attempted to determine whether genetic variation exists in Zea mays for the ability to influence the rhizosphere nitrifier and denitrifier microbiome under “real-world” conventional agricultural conditions.

Methods
To capture an extensive amount of genetic diversity within maize we grew and sampled the rhizosphere microbiome of a diversity panel of germplasm that included ex-PVP inbreds (Z. mays ssp. mays), ex-PVP hybrids (Z. mays ssp. mays), and teosinte (Z. mays ssp. mexicana and Z. mays ssp. parviglumis). From these samples, we characterized the microbiome, a suite of microbial genes involved in nitrification and denitrification and carried out N-cycling potential assays.

Results
Here we are showing that populations/genotypes of a single species can vary in their ecological interaction with denitrifers and nitrifers. Some hybrid and teosinte genotypes supported microbial communities with lower potential nitrification and potential denitrification activity in the rhizosphere, while inbred genotypes stimulated/did not inhibit these N-cycling activities. These potential differences translated to functional differences in N2O fluxes, with teosinte plots producing less GHG than maize plots.

Conclusion
Taken together, these results suggest that Zea genetic variation can lead to changes in N-cycling processes that result in N leaching and N2O production, and thereby are selectable targets for crop improvement. Understanding the underlying genetic variation contributing to belowground microbiome N-cycling into our conventional agricultural system could be useful for sustainability.
CID: a framework for the cognitive analysis of composite instructional designs
Authors: Loibl Katharina , Leuders Timo , Glogger-Frey Inga , Rummel Nikol 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInstruction often spans multiple phases (e.g., phases of discovery learning, instructional explanations, practice) with different learning goals and different pedagogies. For any combination of multiple phases, we use the term composite instructional design (CID). To understand the mechanisms underlying composite instructional designs, we propose a framework that links three levels (knowledge, learning, instruction) across multiple phases: Its core element is the specification of learning mechanisms that explain how intermediate knowledge (i.e., the knowledge state between instructional phases) generated by the learning processes of one phase impacts the learning processes of a following phase. The CID framework serves as a basis for conducting research on composite instructional designs based on a cognitive analysis, which we exemplify by discussing existing research in light of the framework. We discuss how the CID framework supports understanding of the effects of composite instructional designs beyond the individual effects of the single phases through an analysis of effects on intermediate knowledge (i.e., the knowledge state resulting from a first instructional phase) and how it alters the learning processes initiated by the instructional design of a second phase. We also aim to illustrate how CID can help resolve contradictory findings of prior studies (e.g., studies that did or did not find beneficial effects of problem solving prior to instruction). Methodologically, we highlight the challenge of altering one learning mechanism at a time as experimental variations on the instructional design level often affect multiple learning processes across phases.
Cognitive complaints in patients with untreated obstructive sleep apnea versus patients with neurological and respiratory diseases: prevalence, severity and risk factors
Authors: Vaessen Tim , Mark Ruth E. , De Baene Wouter , Gehring Karin , Overeem Sebastiaan , Sitskoorn Margriet M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Little is known about cognitive complaints (self-reported problems in cognitive functioning) in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). We compared the prevalence and severity of cognitive complaints in patients with untreated OSA to patients with neurological and respiratory diseases. We also studied risk factors for cognitive complaints across these diseases, including OSA.

Methods
We used a convenience sample to compare untreated OSA patients (N = 86) to patients with stroke (N = 166), primary brain tumor (N = 197) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, N = 204) on cognitive complaints (Cognitive Failure Questionnaire, CFQ), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS) and cognitive impairments using neuropsychological tests. We combined all patient groups (OSA, stroke, brain tumor and COPD) and studied potential risk factors (demographic variables, anxiety, depression and cognitive impairments) for cognitive complaints across all patient groups using regression analysis.

Results
The prevalence of cognitive complaints was higher in OSA patients and complaints of forgetfulness and distractibility were more severe compared to stroke and primary brain tumor patients, but similar to or lower than COPD patients. Regression analysis for the combined sample of all patient groups showed that cognitive complaints were most strongly associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Conclusion
A high rate of OSA reported clinically significant cognitive complaints, comparable to other respiratory and neurological patients. Symptoms of anxiety and depression are important risk factors for cognitive complaints in patients with various neurological and respiratory diseases. Future studies should examine the relation between anxiety, depression and cognitive complaints in patients with OSA.