bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dementia incidence continues to increase with age in the oldest old: The 90+ study
Authors: Corrada María M. , Brookmeyer Ron , Paganini‐Hill Annlia , Berlau Daniel , Kawas Claudia H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe oldest old are the fastest growing segment of the US population, and accurate estimates of dementia incidence in this group are crucial for healthcare planning. Although dementia incidence doubles every 5 years from ages 65 to 90 years, it is unknown if this exponential increase continues past age 90 years. Here, we estimate age‐ and sex‐specific incidence rates of all‐cause dementia in people aged 90 years and older, including estimates for centenarians.MethodsParticipants are from The 90+ Study, a population‐based longitudinal study of aging and dementia. Three hundred thirty nondemented participants aged 90 years and older at baseline were followed between January 2003 and December 2007. Age‐ and sex‐specific incidence rates of all‐cause dementia were estimated by person‐years analysis.ResultsThe overall incidence rate of all‐cause dementia was 18.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.3–21.5) per year and was similar for men and women (risk ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.65–1.37). Rates increased exponentially with age from 12.7% per year in the 90–94‐year age group, to 21.2% per year in the 95–99‐year age group, to 40.7% per year in the 100+‐year age group. The doubling time based on a Poisson regression was 5.5 years.InterpretationIncidence of all‐cause dementia is very high in people aged 90 years and older and continues to increase exponentially with age in both men and women. Projections of the number of people with dementia should incorporate this continuing increase of dementia incidence after age 90 years. Our results foretell the growing public health burden of dementia in an increasingly aging population. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:114–121
Antibodies to native myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in children with inflammatory demyelinating central nervous system disease
Authors: Brilot Fabienne , Dale Russell C. , Selter Rebecca C. , Grummel Verena , Reddy Kalluri Sudhakar , Aslam Muhammad , Busch Verena , Zhou Dun , Cepok Sabine , Hemmer Bernhard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a candidate target antigen in demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Although MOG is encephalitogenic in different animal models, the relevance of this antigen in human autoimmune diseases of the CNS is still controversial.MethodsWe investigated the occurrence and biological activity of antibodies to native MOG (nMOG) in 47 children during a first episode of CNS demyelination (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis [ADEM], n = 19 and clinical isolated syndrome [CIS], n = 28) by a cell‐based bioassay.ResultsHigh serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers to nMOG were detected in 40% of children with CIS/ADEM but 0% of the control children affected by other neurological diseases, healthy children, or adults with inflammatory demyelinating diseases, respectively. By contrast, IgM antibodies to nMOG occurred in only 3 children affected by ADEM. Children with high anti‐nMOG IgG titer were significantly younger than those with low IgG titer. Anti‐nMOG IgG titers did not differ between the ADEM and CIS group, and did not predict conversion from CIS to MS during a mean 2‐year follow‐up. However, intrathecal IgG anti‐MOG antibody synthesis was only seen in CIS children. IgG antibodies to nMOG not only bound to the extracellular domain of nMOG, but also induced natural killer cell‐mediated killing of nMOG‐expressing cells in vitro.InterpretationOverall, these findings suggest nMOG as a major target of the humoral immune response in a subgroup of children affected by inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS. Children may provide valuable insight into the earliest immune mechanisms of CNS demyelination. Ann Neurol 2009;66:833–842
Steroid receptor phosphorylation: Assigning function to site‐specific phosphorylation
Authors: Ward Robert D. , Weigel Nancy L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSteroid receptors (SRs) are hormone‐activated transcription factors important for a wide variety of cellular functions. Post‐translational modifications of SRs, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and sumoylation regulate their expression and function. The remarkable number of phosphorylation sites in these receptors and the wide variety of kinases shown to modulate phosphorylation influence the integration between cell‐signaling pathways and SR action. These phosphorylation sites have been identified in all of the functional domains with the majority being located within the amino‐terminal portions of the receptors. The regulation of function is receptor specific, site specific, and often dependent on the cellular context. Numerous roles for site‐specific phosphorylation have been elucidated including sensitivity of hormone response, DNA binding, expression, stability, subcellular localization, dimerization, and protein–protein interactions that can determine the regulation of specific target genes. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding receptor site‐specific phosphorylation and regulation of function. As functional assays become more sophisticated, it is likely that additional roles for phosphorylation in receptor function will be identified.
Relationship of protozoan biomass to phosphate and nitrate removal from activated sludge mixed liquor
Authors: Akpor Oghenerobor B. , Momba Maggy N. B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe relationship between protozoan biomass concentration and phosphate and nitrate removal was investigated in mixed liquor using three different carbon sources as supplements. The study was carried out using three respective initial biomass concentrations in a shaking flask environment. Samples were taken every 24 h to determine phosphate, nitrate, dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand. The results revealed a direct relationship between decreases in nutrient concentrations and increases in cell densities of the isolates. Between 24 and 96 h, the increases in the protozoan density corresponded to a phosphate decreases from initial ranges of 55.42–57.36 mg/L, 50.27–51.17 mg/L and 50.01–50.83 mg/L to final ranges of 2.46–11.90 mg/L, 0.61–11.80 mg/L and 1.29–13.89 mg/L, in the presence of Aspidisca, Trachelophyllum and Peranema, respectively. Nitrate concentrations were observed to decrease from initial ranges of 23.84–25.90 mg/L, 23.94–25.84 mg/L and 26.12–26.54 mg/L to final ranges of 0.11–6.32 mg/L, 0.16–5.60 mg/L and 0.24–9.04 mg/L, respectively. The study had revealed that an increase in cell density of the test isolates produces a corresponding increase in phosphate and nitrate removal.
Development of a method to measure methadone enantiomers and its metabolites without enantiomer standard compounds for the plasma of methadone maintenance patients
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Chang , Ho Ing‐Kang , Wu Shiow‐Ling , Liu Shu Chih , Kuo Hsiang‐Wei , Lin Keh‐Ming , Liu Yu‐Li 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA liquid chromatography–photodiode array (LC‐PDA) method using a chiral analytical column was developed to determine the plasma levels of enantiomers of methadone and its chiral metabolite, 2‐ethylidene‐1,5‐dimethyl‐3,3‐diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), without the standard compounds of R‐form or S‐form enantiomers. This method was established by the characteristics of recombinant cytochrome P‐450 (CYP) isozymes, where CYP2C19 prefers to metabolize R‐methadone and CYP2B6 prefers to metabolize S‐methadone. We incubated the racemic methadone standard with either enzyme for 24 h. We identified the retention times of R‐ and S‐methadone to be around 10.72 and 14.46 min, respectively. Furthermore, we determined the retention times of R‐ and S‐EDDP to be approximately 6.76 and 7.72 min, respectively. No interferences were shown through the retention times of morphine, buprenorphine and diazepam. With the high recovery rate of a solid‐phase extraction procedure, this method was applied in analyzing plasma concentrations of seven methadone maintenance patients where R‐ and S‐methadone and R‐ and S‐EDDP were 233.4 ± 154.9 and 185.9 ± 136.3 ng/mL and 84.4 ± 99.4 and 37.6 ± 22.9 ng/mL, respectively. These data suggest that the present method can be applied for routine assay for plasma methadone and EDDP concentrations for patients under treatment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐performance liquid chromatography with solid‐phase extraction for the quantitative determination of nilotinib in human plasma
Authors: Miura Masatomo , Takahashi Naoto , Sawada Ken‐ichi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA simple, rapid and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)‐based method with ultraviolet detection was developed for the quantitation of nilotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in human plasma. Nilotinib and the internal standard dasatinib were separated using a mobile phase of 0.5% KH2PO4 (pH2.5)–acetonitrile–methanol (55:25:20, v/v/v) on a Capcell Pak MG II column (250 × 4.6 mm) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and optical measurement at 250 nm. Analysis required only 100 μL of plasma and involved a rapid and simple solid‐phase extraction with an Oasis HLB cartridge, which gave recoveries from 72 to 78% for nilotinib and from 74 to 76% for dasatinib. The lower limit of quantification for nilotinib was 10 ng/mL. The linear range of this assay was between 10 and 5000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.9992 for the regression line). Intra‐ and inter‐day coefficients of variation were less than 10.0% and accuracies were within 10.4% over the linear range. Our results indicate that this method is applicable to the monitoring of plasma levels of nilotinib in a clinical setting. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A didactic computational tool for monitoring and control of arc welding processes—Teaching and research
Authors: Gonçalves e Silva Régis Henrique , Dutra Jair Carlos , Locatelli Guilherme 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a control and monitoring platform for arc welding processes, which provides versatility and efficiency in the scientific study and teaching of welding technology. The implemented system is capable of executing different welding modalities as well as effecting substantial changes in their function logic in a simple and didactic manner. One of the innovations promoted by the development of this system is the possibility of drawing waveforms of the welding current for the arc welding processes (MIG/MAG, TIG, Plasma) thus allowing a more visual and interactive method for demonstrating the characteristics of each variant. This also allows deepening of the studies related to the metal transfer (MIG/MAG) and, as a consequence, presenting technological innovations for this process. The control and monitoring platform developed was structured in such a way as to be able to incorporate new technologies, allowing its updating together with the evolution of welding processes. The generated files can also be exported and transferred online, so that several institutions are able to interact in synergic projects. In this context, this system is presented as an alternative with significant potential for welding studies in teaching and research institutions both in Brazil and abroad. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 239–246, 2012
Girls' and boys' experiences and perceptions of parental discipline and punishment while growing up in China and England
Authors: Hester Marianne , He Junping , Tian Lan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article draws on comparative research involving an exploratory and retrospective survey of 498 students in China and 481 in England and follow‐up interviews, focusing on their experiences of physical punishment and disciplinary behaviour from mothers and fathers ‘while growing up’, including how they felt about their experiences and views concerning what might be perceived as ‘acceptable’ or ‘unacceptable’ punishments. The emphasis is on the Chinese findings, although the English findings are referred to for comparison and debate. As children, the Chinese students who were surveyed experienced similar types and levels of punishment, although with significant gendered differences echoing traditional Chinese perceptions of ‘passive’ female and ‘active’ male. In a similar vein, there also appeared to be greater expectations in relation to educational achievement for boys in China. While most of the Chinese respondents thought the use of physical punishment acceptable for disciplining children, there were indications that this was being questioned and that some wanted change. The UK students, compared to the Chinese, reported lower levels of physical punishment, although the use of punishment to curtail boys' behaviour was in some respects similar. Use of physical punishment was deemed less acceptable by the UK respondents. Copyright. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precision and accuracy of risk scores for in‐hospital death after percutaneous coronary intervention in the current era
Authors: Brener Sorin J. , Colombo Karen D. , Haq Salman A. , Bose Sanjay , Sacchi Terrence J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground: Various risk assessment scores were proposed in the last decade for prediction of in‐hospital mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We sought to apply two validated scores, the Mayo Clinic Risk Score (MCRS) and the New York Risk Score (NYRS) to a contemporary cohort treated at a single institution and to simplify the NYRS, such that the parameters used in both scores are similar. Methods and Results: Patients undergoing PCI in 2005–2007 were included. MCRS and NYRS were calculated for each patient. A simplified NYRS, similar to MCRS, was constructed by deleting two variables (gender and left main coronary stenosis). Model discrimination was assessed by the C statistic and goodness‐of‐fit (calibration) was measured with the Hosmer‐Lemeshow test. There were 3,165 procedures. The in‐hospital mortality was 0.56% (95% CI 0.31–0.83%). Mean MCRS was 2.7 ± 2.4 (predicted mortality 0.3%). The C‐statistic for MCRS was 0.82 (0.71–0.94) and the model was well calibrated (P = 0.79). Mean NYRS was 5.1 ± 3.3, (predicted mortality 0.23%). The C‐statistic for NYRS was 0.83 (0.74–0.95), not different from MCRS (P = 0.62) and the model was well calibrated (P = 0.29). The mean simplified NYRS was 4.6 ± 3.1 among survivors and 10.9 ± 5.8 among those who died, P < 0.001. The score had a C‐statistic of 0.83 (0.71–0.95), not different from MCRS (P = 0.84) or NYRS (P = 0.27) and was well calibrated (P = 0.71). Conclusion: PCI risk scores utilizing easily collected variables are useful in discriminating risk and predicting death. NYRS might be simplified by removing the gender and left main coronary stenosis variables from its algorithm. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous aortic valve implantation using novel imaging guidance
Authors: Dvir Danny , Kornowski Ran 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThorough imaging of the aortic valve and related structures is highly important before and during percutaneous valve implantation. However, imaging modalities currently used in the catheterization room, namely, conventional aortography and transesophageal echocardiography are limited in guiding the precise valve placement during the implantation procedure. A novel real‐time imaging modality capable of three‐dimensional reconstruction of the ascending aorta has recently been introduced (CardioOp‐THV, C‐THV, Paieon Inc., Park Afek, Israel). We applied this system during a complex procedure of percutaneous aortic valve implantation in a patient with severe aortic tortuosity, large aortic‐valve angulation, and asymmetric septal hypertrophy. We found the guidance system very helpful not only for accurate positioning of the valve but also for selecting the optimal projection for valve implantation, selecting the prosthetic valve size, and evaluating the results after deployment. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of large congenital coronary‐cameral fistulae with Amplatzer devices
Authors: Bruckheimer Elchanan , Harris Matthew , Kornowski Ran , Dagan Tamir , Birk Einat 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectives: To report on the methods and results of treatment of large congenital coronary‐cameral fistulae by transcatheter closure with Amplatzer devices. Background: Large coronary‐cameral fistulae cause a steal phenomenon from the normal coronary circulation. Surgical closure is an option. However, transcatheter methods allow for temporary occlusion, definition of anatomy, and online assessment of successful closure. Amplatzer devices are compact occluders that can be fully delivered, collapsed, and repositioned until a satisfactory position is attained. Methods: Coronary and fistula anatomy were defined by selective coronary angiography with or without temporary occlusion. Device closure of the fistula was performed at the most distal point accessible, often from the cameral side using an arteriovenous loop method. Results: Ten patients of median age 2.6 years (0.5–52.2) and weight 14.4 kg (6.1–67) underwent an attempt at transcatheter closure of a large fistula. In nine patients, the fistula was closed successfully with a device. There were no complications. Conclusions: Transcatheter closure of coronary‐cameral fistula with Amplatzer devices is safe and effective. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The amplatzer vascular plug and amplatzer vascular plug II for vascular occlusion procedures in 50 patients with congenital cardiovascular disease
Authors: Schwartz Matthew , Glatz Andrew C. , Rome Jonathan J. , Gillespie Matthew J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective: To describe the use of the amplatzer vascular plug (plug 1) and amplatzer vascular plug II (plug 2) in patients with congenital cardiovascular disease (CCVD). Background: Plugs 1 and 2 have recently been made available. We report our experience describing plugs 1 and 2 in patients with CCVD highlighting the versatility of these devices. Methods: All patients with CCVD who underwent a vascular occlusion procedure at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between August 1, 2004 and July 30, 2009 with plug 1 or 2 were included. A retrospective review was performed. Results: Fifty patients underwent vascular occlusion procedure with plug 1 or 2 at a median age of 2.0 years (range 1 day to 47 years) and median weight of 12.3 kg (range 3.1–98 kg). Fifty‐eight plugs (43% plug 1, 57% plug 2) were placed in 52 vessels. Of these vessels, 20 (38%) were patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 14 (27%) venous collaterals, 5 (10%) aorto‐pulmonary collaterals, 4 (8%) modified Blalock Taussig shunts, 3 (5%) porto‐systemic connections, and 6 (12%) miscellaneous structures. Excluding a patient who was lost to follow‐up, complete occlusion was observed in 100% of vessels either at the time of the catheterization or at follow‐up. There were two complications (3.8%). Conclusions: Plugs 1 and 2 are safe and effective devices that can be used in a variety of blood vessels in patients with CCVD. Plug 2 is particularly useful in closure of high‐flow, tubular structures, especially type C PDA's. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sm3+‐Doped Bi2O3 Photocatalyst Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis
Authors: Krishna Reddy Jakkidi , Srinivas Basavaraju , Durga Kumari Valluri , Subrahmanyam Machiraju 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBi2O3 and Sm3+‐doped Bi2O3 visible‐light‐active photocatalysts with different Sm3+ loadings (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt %) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The structural properties of the prepared catalysts were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance (DRS), FTIR, and X‐ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopic techniques. The XRD spectra of the Sm‐doped Bi2O3 catalysts calcined at 550 °C show only the characteristic peaks of Bi2O3. A high red shift in the range 450–600 nm was detected in the DRS band, leading to a large decrease in the band‐gap energy from 2.82 to 2.0 eV. This red shift increased with increasing Sm content. XPS results revealed that Sm interacted with Bi2O3, wherein both Bi and Sm were in the +3 oxidation state. The photocatalytic activities of the catalysts were evaluated for the degradation of methylene blue and phenol under solar irradiation. Of all of the catalysts prepared, the Sm3+‐doped Bi2O3 with a Sm loading of 1 wt % gave the best photocatalytic activity.
Order Versus Disorder in Chiral Tetrathiafulvalene‐Oxazoline Radical‐Cation Salts: Structural and Theoretical Investigations and Physical Properties
Authors: Madalan Augustin M. , Réthoré Céline , Fourmigué Marc , Canadell Enric , Lopes Elsa B. , Almeida Manuel , Auban‐Senzier Pascale , Avarvari Narcis 
Published: November 2009

AbstractElectrocrystallization experiments with the chiral ethylenedithio‐tetrathiafulvalene‐methyl‐oxazoline (EDT‐TTF‐OX) donors (R)‐, (S)‐, and (rac)‐1 have provided two series of mixed‐valence salts with the PF6− and [Au(CN)2]− anions. Within each series the cell parameters are the same for the three R, S, and rac compounds, except for the space group, which is centrosymmetric triclinic P$\bar 1$ for the racemic forms and noncentrosymmetric P1 for the enantiopure salts. In the racemic salt [(rac)‐1]2PF6 the two enantiomers crystallize disordered on the same crystallographic site with a site occupational factor of 0.6:0.4, whereas this type of disorder is not possible in the enantiopure salts. Both s‐cis and s‐trans conformations, when taking into account the mutual orientation of the TTF and oxazoline moieties, are present in this first series. In sharp contrast, in the series of salts [1]2[Au(CN)2], only the s‐trans conformation is observed with no structural disorder. Theoretical calculations at the DFT level of theory revealed a very small energy difference between the two stable planar s‐cis and s‐trans conformations, which are both energy minima in either neutral or oxidized states. Single‐crystal conductivity measurements showed metallic‐like behavior for all the salts down to 220–250 K with a smooth increase in resistivity at lower temperatures. The conductivity at room temperature is 5 S cm−1 for [(rac)‐1]2PF6, in which disorder was observed, whereas for [(R)‐1]2PF6 and [(S)‐1]2PF6 the average value is around 100 S cm−1. In the second series of salts the conductivity at room temperature is 125–130 S cm−1 for [(rac)‐1]2[Au(CN)2] and [(R)‐1]2[Au(CN)2]. Extended Hückel band structure calculations revealed identical features for the three salts of the [1]2[Au(CN)2] series and are consistent with the electronic structures of quasi‐one‐dimensional conductors.