bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liberal Convergence or Differential Exclusion? Temporary Labor Migration Policy in Japan and Korea
Authors: Istad Felicia , Shah Sardar Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The rapid industrialization of countries in East Asia and the resulting labor shortage are challenging established theories in research on migration policy. Studies argue that the persistence of temporary labor migration programs in this region contests the liberal convergence thesis, which suggests that democratization inevitably leads to more open migration policies. This article revisits the theoretical debate, focusing on conceptual equivalence across time and space. In a comparative policy study of Japan and Korea, we examine the development of two temporary labor migration programs (the Specified Skilled Worker program and the Employment Permit System). Our findings demonstrate how migration policies alternately intersect and diverge throughout time and across policy dimensions. The article contributes to comparative research in migration policy by highlighting the significance of historically informed and empirically equivalent analysis of migration policies.
Assessing the Political Clout of Thailand’s “Monarchized” Military in 2023
Authors: Chambers Paul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since 1980, Thailand’s monarchy and military have enjoyed a partnership of power with the latter as a junior affiliate — a highly “monarchized military.” However, after 1992, direct military influence across the country diminished, and after the 2006 and 2014 coups, the military regained enormous clout. The country’s post-2019 facade democracy represents the continuation of a tutelary regime involving palace-endorsed military intervention in politics and apparent electoral governance. However, the armed forces-influenced government faces growing domestic challenges. This study examines Thailand’s military in late 2023. 2023 was profoundly significant because a new civilian government entered office that year, which might challenge monarchy-military primacy. The study chiefly asks: To what extent has the monarchy-military partnership clothed itself under the appearance of democracy (while indirectly interfering in it) to sustain its power, and what are the principal challenges this partnership faces? The study finds that in late 2023, Thailand remained a façade democracy, characterized by electoral authoritarianism and lorded over by monarchy and military — a situation the two institutions preferred to maintain.
Labor Skills and Income Smoothing
Authors: Jung Boochun , Kim Tae Wook , Noh Minyoung , Park You-il (Chris) 
Published: May 2024

We examine whether labor skills affect managers’ income-smoothing activities. We hypothesize firms that rely on skilled labor have greater incentives to smooth earnings to reduce labor turnover and facilitate replacements. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that firms’ labor skills are positively associated with managers’ income-smoothing activities. Leveraging the staggered rejection of the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine (IDD) by 16 U.S. states, which exogenously increases external job opportunities for high-skill employees, we find that the positive relation between labor skill and income smoothing is stronger for firms in the IDD rejection states. Our results are also stronger during nonrecession periods characterized by higher differential costs of turnover between high-skill and low-skill employees and robust to controlling for employees’ education. The mechanism for the positive relation between labor skills and income smoothing is attributable to the higher cost incurred by firms in the turnover of high-skill labor compared with low-skill labor and is consistent with the information-garbling story. Furthermore, we show that future employment volatility decreases with income smoothing. Collectively, our findings are consistent with the view that income smoothing stabilizes skilled workers’ employment by reducing turnover and facilitating the hiring of replacements. JEL classification: J24; G30; M41; M54.
From Awareness to Action: Institutional Agents Attempt to (Re)imagine College Readiness and Success at a No-Excuses Charter High School
Authors: Rohn Kathy Chau 
Published: May 2024

Background/Context:The “college-for-all” movement has guided education reform efforts over the last few decades. Of college-for-all adopters, the “no-excuses” charter school model is arguably the most successful and controversial. Schools that use this model produce high standardized test scores and four-year college acceptance rates for marginalized students. However, questions regarding whether the ends of college-for-all justify the practices utilized by these schools to achieve such outcomes are prevalant. Few studies have investigated how institutional agents—critical actors in the college preparation process for marginalized youth—seek to reflect on and change potentially problematic college-for-all approaches in a no-excuses charter high school context.Purpose:The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to understand how institutional agents perceive the ways in which the economic, social, and political drivers of the college-for-all ethos have shaped their “no-excuses” charter high school and (2) to uncover how institutional agents are attempting to (re)imagine and transform traditional “no-excuses” beliefs and practices related to college readiness and success in their high school context.Research Design:This study followed a qualitative case study design bound by a single no-excuses charter high school located in a city on the East Coast. Drawing on interviews with 14 institutional agents, in-person school observations, and document review, this study integrates Perna and Thomas’s (2006) college success model with Stanton-Salazar’s (2011) social capital framework to understand how institutional agents within a no-excuses charter high school context are shaped by, and have the power to shape, their school’s organizational habitus.Conclusion:This study highlights how institutional agents within a “successful” no-excuses charter high school grapple with changing one-size-fits-all college expectations and white and middle-class norms associated with the college-for-all ethos that have been intertwined with the no-excuses model since its inception. Because no-excuses charter schools are shaped by external pressures as well as their own longstanding habitus, findings highlight the tensions, complexity, and tradeoffs that institutional agents encountered when attempting to make change in spaces that they themselves are entrenched in. This study suggests, however, that institutional agents, when acting as empowerment agents, can resist assimilationist college preparation practices and (re)shape their school’s organizational habitus to facilitate marginalized students’ empowerment. Recommendations for policy, practice, and theory are discussed.
How Sensitive Are the Free AI-detector Tools in Detecting AI-generated Texts? A Comparison of Popular AI-detector Tools
Authors: Kar Sujita Kumar , Bansal Teena , Modi Sumit , Singh Amit 
Published: May 2024

Background: Recently, Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced academic writing. We aimed to investigate the sensitivity of the free versions of popular AI-detection software programs in detecting AI-generated text. Methods: We searched for AI-content-detection software on Google and selected the first 10 free versions that allowed a minimum of 500 words for text analysis. Then, we gave ChatGPT 3.5 version a command to generate a scientific article on the “Role of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in Treatment-resistant Depression” under 500 words. After generating the primary text, we rephrased it using three different software tools. We then used AI-detection software to analyse the original and paraphrase texts. Results: 10 AI-detector tools were tested on their ability to detect AI-generated text. The sensitivity ranged from 0% to 100%. 5 out of 10 tools detected AI-generated content with 100% accuracy. For paraphrased texts, Sapling and Undetectable AI detected all three software-generated contents with 100% accuracy. Meanwhile, Copyleaks, QuillBot, and Wordtune identified content generated by two software programs with 100% accuracy. Conclusion: The integration of AI technology in academic writing is becoming more prevalent. Nonetheless, relying solely on AI-generated content can diminish the author’s credibility, leading most academic journals to suggest limiting its use. AI-content-detection software programs have been developed to detect AI-generated or AI-assisted texts. Currently, some of the platforms are equally sensitive. However, future upgrades may enhance their ability to detect AI-generated text more accurately.
Clinical efficacy of Femoral Neck System for treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures in young adults
Authors: Guo ChangYong , Huang JiaPing , Chen ZhiBiao , Cai ZeMing , Cai TaoYi 
Published: May 2024

Objective This study was performed to evaluate the mid-term clinical efficacy of the Femoral Neck System (FNS) (DePuy Synthes, Zuchwil, Switzerland) in treating young patients with unstable Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures. Methods We performed a retrospective observational analysis of 21 young adults treated with the FNS. Clinical outcomes were assessed based on fracture reduction quality, Harris hip scores, and postoperative complication rates. Results The study comprised 21 patients with a mean age of 35 years (range, 20–50 years) who were followed for a mean duration of 22.8 months (range, 16–30 months). Closed reduction was unfeasible in three (14.3%) patients, each of whom required open reduction. Notable postoperative complications were avascular necrosis in two (9.5%) patients, nonunion in one (4.7%), and implant failure in one (4.7%). Each of these complications led to the requirement for total hip arthroplasty. Conclusion The favorable mid-term clinical outcomes of this study indicate that the FNS is a potentially effective treatment modality for young individuals with unstable Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures.
Remplissage May Decrease the Redislocation Rate After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair in Patients With an Engaging Hill-Sachs Defect: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies With Minimal 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Pawłuś Natalia , Kanak Michał , Frankiewicz Andrzej , Piwnik Joanna , Popescu Ion-Andrei , Borowski Andrzej , Kwapisz Adam 
Published: May 2024

Background: The redislocation rate after arthroscopic Bankart repair (BR) among patients with a Hill-Sachs lesion (HSL) may be reduced with the use of remplissage. Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of adding remplissage to an arthroscopic BR in patients with concomitant HSL. Study Design: Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched between February 2022 and April 2023 with the terms “remplissage” and “shoulder instability” according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The inclusion criteria were formed using the population, intervention, control, and outcome method; the investigation included studies that compared BR with and without remplissage and had ≥24 months of follow-up. Results: From 802 articles found during the initial search, 7 studies with a total of 837 patients—558 receiving isolated BR (BR group) and 279 receiving BR with remplissage (BR+REMP)—were included. The probability of recurrence of instability among patients with an engaging HSL was significantly diminished in the BR+REMP group compared with the BR group (odds ratio, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.24; P < .001). Regarding shoulder range of motion, the BR+REMP group achieved increased forward flexion (mean difference [MD], 1.97°; 95% CI, 1.49° to 2.46°; P < .001) and decreased external rotation in adduction (MD, –1.43°; 95% CI, –2.40° to –0.46°; P = .004) compared with the BR group. Regarding patient-reported outcome measures, the BR+REMP group had Rowe (MD, 2.53; 95% CI, –1.48 to 6.54; P = .21) and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) (MD, –61.60; 95% CI, –148.03 to 24.82; P = .162) scores that were comparable with those of the BR group. Conclusion: Remplissage resulted in a 9-fold decrease in the recurrence of instability after arthroscopic BR in patients with HSL. Remplissage not only led to an increase in forward flexion but also only slightly limited patients’ external rotation in adduction. WOSI and Rowe scores after remplissage at the final 24-month follow-up were comparable with those obtained after isolated Bankart repair.
Atrial fibrillation increases thrombogenicity of LVAD therapy
Authors: Keshav Chivukula Venkat , Beckman Jennifer , Li Song , Akoum Nazem , Aliseda Alberto , Mahr Claudius 
Published: May 2024

Background: This study investigates the hypothesis that presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in LVAD patients increases thrombogenicity in the left ventricle (LV) and exacerbates stroke risk. Methods: Using an anatomical LV model implanted with an LVAD inflow cannula, we analyze thrombogenic risk and blood flow patterns in either AF or sinus rhythm (SR) using unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD). To analyze platelet activation and thrombogenesis in the LV, hundreds of thousands of platelets are individually tracked to quantify platelet residence time (RT) and shear stress accumulation history (SH). Results: The irregular and chaotic mitral inflow associated with AF results in markedly different intraventricular flow patterns, with profoundly negative impact on blood flow-induced stimuli experienced by platelets as they traverse the LV. Twice as many platelets accumulated very high SH in the LVAD + AF case, resulting in a 36% increase in thrombogenic potential score, relative to the LVAD + SR case. Conclusions: This supports the hypothesis that AF results in unfavorable blood flow patterns in the LV adding to an increased stroke risk for LVAD + AF patients. Quantification of thrombogenic risk associated with AF for LVAD patients may help guide clinical decision-making on interventions to mitigate the increased risk of thromboembolic events.
Evaluation of antioxidant enzyme levels, oxidative stress markers and serum prolidase activity in testicular cancer
Authors: Kaba Mehmet , Kılıç Sinan , Demir Halit 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Testicular cancer is a significant malignancy affecting males, and understanding the underlying biochemical changes associated with the disease is essential for improved management and treatment strategies. Prolidase enzyme, has been implicated in various disease processes. The assessment of serum prolidase activity and its relationship with testicular cancer can provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the disease. The objective of this study was to investigate serum prolidase activity, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with testicular cancer and evaluate their potential associations, aiming to enhance our understanding of the biochemical alterations and potential implications for testicular cancer management. Methods: A total of 33 male patients diagnosed with testicular cancer were included, along with 35 age-matched male volunteers as the control group. Serum samples were collected and stored at −20°C until analysis. The measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and prolidase levels was performed. Results: The findings demonstrated significantly elevated serum prolidase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in testicular cancer patients compared to the control group (all, p < 0.05). Conversely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were significantly lower in testicular cancer patients ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, serum prolidase activity and biochemical markers associated with oxidative stress were investigated in testicular cancer patients. Oxidative stress markers and serum prolidase activity were found to be elevated in testicular cancer. Long-term prospective studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of antioxidant use in cancer treatment.
Effectiveness of eHealth interventions for HIV prevention, testing and management: An umbrella review
Authors: Shi Haiyan , Du Jun , Jin Guifang , Yang Huayu , Guo Haiyun , Yuan Guojing , Zhu Zhihui , Xu Wenzhuo , Wang Sainan , Guo Hao , Jiang Kele , Hao Jiahu , Sun Ying , Su Puyu , Zhang Zhihua 
Published: May 2024

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Globally, the number of cases of HIV continues to increase. Electronic health (eHealth) interventions have emerged as promising tools to support disease self-management among people living with HIV. The purpose of this umbrella review is to systematically evaluate and summarize the evidence and results of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for HIV prevention, testing and management. Methods PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for reviews. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using AMSTAR-2. Results A total of 22 systematic reviews were included. The methodological quality of the reviews was low or critically low. EHealth interventions range from Internet, computer, or mobile interventions to websites, programs, applications, email, video, games, telemedicine, texting, and social media, or a combination of them. The majority of the reviews showed evidence of effectiveness (including increased participation in HIV management behaviours, successfully changed HIV testing behaviours, and reduced risk behaviours). EHealth interventions were effective in the short term. Conclusions Ehealth interventions have the potential to improve HIV prevention, HIV testing and disease management. Due to the limitations of the low methodological quality of the currently available systematic reviews, more high-quality evidence is needed to develop clear and robust recommendations.
Outward FDI, Profit Shifting, and Its Impact on the Tax Payments of the Parent Firm: A Case of Indian Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Krishnan Amal , Padmaja M. 
Published: May 2024

The study examines the links between India’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and possible income-shifting activities by the parent firms. The exercise is undertaken by examining the impact of OFDI on parent firms’ tax payments, profitability, debt, and intangible assets. The study is driven by the observation that nearly 68% of India’s OFDI flows between 2008 and 2020 were directed to offshore financial centers (OFC). The study relies on the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) firm-level overseas direct investment data and the Prowess database. We employed the propensity score matching (PSM) technique in combination with the difference-in-difference method to investigate the post-investment effects. Results suggest that overseas investments have resulted in lower payment of corporate taxes, as well as indirect and direct taxes at home. Moderate negative effects were observed in the case of the profitability of the parent firm. On the contrary, OFDI resulted in higher debt levels, particularly for firms investing in OFC destinations. A positive impact on the firm’s intangible assets suggests that income shifting via relocation of intangible assets is not evident. The analysis calls for policies to counter the possible tax leakage at home due to firms investing overseas, especially in OFCs. JEL Classification F23, C14
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors and Non-selective Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Acute Gout
Authors: Govindaswamy Swathy , Ponnusamy Kavya , S. Indhumathi , Anil Vineeth , Venugopal Jayalakshmi , Sundaram Dhivya P. 
Published: May 2024

Background The term “gout” refers to a broad clinical spectrum of diseases, including common and complex forms of arthritis, that affect multiple joints in a patient due to an elevated serum urate concentration. Purpose The study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of acute gout, as well as to conduct a meta-analysis on safety. Methodology As of December 2021, the literature search was conducted using authorised electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Results There were seven investigations included in this study’s findings. Three COX-2 inhibitors, etoricoxib, celecoxib, and meloxicam, were reportedly compared to indomethacin or diclofenac. Four hours after the initial dose, 120 mg of etoricoxib reduces pain and inflammation by diminishing erythema. At higher dosages, celecoxib is more effective than at lower doses. Meloxicam has the same efficacy as NSAIDs. The subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of adverse events was 8.0% lower in the COX-2 inhibitors group than in the non-selective NSAIDs group (risk ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.60 to 0.40, p-value = 0.5). Conclusion Etoricoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, has a more potent effect and may be more effective than non-selective NSAIDs. COX-2 inhibitors are more well tolerated and reduce the risk of adverse gastrointestinal events more effectively than non-selective NSAIDs. In the treatment of gout, non-selective NSAIDs may be a suitable alternative to COX-2 inhibitors.
Time to full weight-bearing with the use of a calcium sulfate-calcium phosphate bone substitute as a bone void filler following extended curettage in the treatment of primary benign bone tumours
Authors: Gyemi Lauren , Selznick Asher , Petrisor Brad , Ghert Michelle 
Published: May 2024

Purpose The primary objective of this study was to determine time to full weight-bearing after the use of a calcium-sulfate-calcium phosphate bone substitute (CaSO4/CaPO4) as a bone void filler in the treatment of primary benign bone tumours following intralesional curettage. The secondary objectives were to determine surgical complications and recurrence rates. Methods Retrospective review of patients identified from a surgeon-specific orthopaedic oncology database, who underwent curettage of benign bone tumours and subsequent bone void filling with CaSO4/CaPO4. Results A total of 39 patients (20 males, 19 females) met inclusion criteria with an average age of 31 years (range: 13 to 62 years), a median follow-up of 3.7 years, and a maximum follow-up of 11 years. The most common tumour diagnosis was giant cell tumour of bone (GCT) ( n = 19), and the most common location was the proximal tibia ( n = 9). The mean volume of tumour excised was 74.1 cm3 including extraosseous bone expansion due to tumour growth, with a mean of volume of 21.4 mL of CaSO4/CaPO4 used to fill the intraosseous cavitary defects to restore normal bone anatomy. None of the lesions required additional internal fixation. The primary outcome measure, average time to full weight-bearing/full range of motion, was 11 weeks and 6 weeks for upper and lower extremity lesions, respectively. Secondary outcomes included tumour recurrence requiring reoperation in five patients and infection requiring reoperation in two patients. Conclusion This study demonstrates that CaSO4/CaPO4 is a viable option as a bone void filler in the reconstruction of cavitary defects following removal of primary benign bone tumours. CaSO4/CaPO4 provides sufficient bone regeneration early in the post-operative period to allow progression to full weight-bearing within weeks without the need for internal fixation. There were no graft-specific complications noted.