bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Some Proteocephalid Cestodes from Freshwater Fishes in the Sudan
Authors: Khalil L. F. 
Published: June 2009

Investigators up to the time of Monticelli (1891), with the exception of Weinland (1858), considered the proteocephalan group of fish cestodes to belong to the genusTaenia. It was Weinland (1858) who removed them from this genus, and erected the genusProteocephalusfor them.Linstow (1891), was the first to point out that the fish species made a closely related group within the genusTaeniaon account of certain constantly occurring characters. In the same year, Monticelli pointed out that in these fish “Taenias”, as then known, some showed marked differences from the rest, notably in the cortical position of the testes, and that these justified their separation as the genusTetracotylus.
A Strain of Trichinella spiralis from Kenya of Low Infectivity to Rats and Domestic Pigs
Authors: Nelson G. S. , Mukundi J. 
Published: June 2009

(1) Trichinella spiralis is widespread in East Africa. It has been found in man, bush pig, leopard, serval cat, spotted hyaena, striped hyaena, jackal, lion and domestic dog. It has never been found in the domestic pig nor in rodents, neither has it been found in carnivores which feed mainly on rodents.(2) Preliminary attempts to transmit the infection from man, hyaenas, jackal and lion to small laboratory animals such as rats, mice, hamsters and rabbits showed that although the Kenya strain was morphologically typical of T. spiralis, it was of exceptionally low infectivity in these animals.(3) A strain from the serval cat (Felis serval) was eventually established in the laboratory by passage through the mongoose, Myonax sanguineus, and through monkeys and baboons.
Some Parasitic Nematodes from the Cameroons (W. Africa)
Authors: Rasheed S. 
Published: June 2009

1. A new species of Oxysomatium (O. minutum) is described from a frog Rana ptychadena mascareniensis.2. The crested chameleon (C.? cristatus) and Bufo supercilioris are reported as new species of hosts recorded for Africana africana (Gendre, 1909) Travassos, 1920.3. Strongyluris brevicandata Müller, 1894 and Thelandros sp. are reported from Agama agama agama.4. Amplicaecum involutum (Gedoelst, 1916) Yorke and Maplestone, 1926 is redescribed from Chamaeleon (?) cristatus which is regarded as a new host record and A. pesteri n.sp. from Bufo superciloris is described to be the smallest species of this genus.
On Ptychobothrium cypseluri n.sp. (Gestoda: Pseudophyllidea) from the Flying Fish, Cypselurus poecilopterus caught off Waltair
Authors: Hanumantha Roa K. 
Published: June 2009

1. A new species of the genus Ptychobothrium Loennberg 1889, recovered from the intestine of the Hying fish Cypselttrus poecthpterus Cuv. and Val., off the coast of Waltair, is described.2. Ptychobothrium cypseluri n.sp. differs from P. bclottes (Dujardin, 1845), the only other known species of the genus, in the nature of the ovary, uterus and the number of testes.
The Spermatogenesis and Embryology of Litomosoides carinii and Dirofilaria immitis
Authors: Taylor Angela E. R. 
Published: June 2009

1. Phase-contrast, ultra-violet and fluorescence microscopy have proved useful tools in the study of the embryology of filarial worms.2. Spermatogenesis in L. carinii has been described for the first time for any filarial worm.3. The spermatozoa of L. carinii and D. immitis are remarkable in that they contain well defined chromosomes.4. The development of the ovum to the mature microfilaria has been described for both L. carinii and D. immitis.5. Staining with acridine orange has demonstrated the cellular distribution of deoxyribonucleic acid (green fluorescence) and ribonucleic acid (red fluorescence) in both living and fixed embryos of each species.
The Development of Dirofilaria immitis in the Mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: taylor Angela E. R. 
Published: June 2009

1. The developmental stages of D. immitis in the mosquito A. aegypti at 26°C. have been followed in living and fixed preparations, and the fates of the cell groups of the microfilaria have been traced.2. The larvae spend the first six or seven days inside the distal cells of the Malpighian tubules; during the next six days they inhabit the lumen of the tubules and eventually migrate to the head of the mosquito on the fifteenth to seventeenth day.3. The “nuclear-column“ cells contribute largely to the formation of the oesophagus of the infective larva.4. The G cells 1–3 produce the intestine and the G4 cell forms the anal plate and then the rectum.5. The anal pore ultimately becomes the anus.
Helminth Parasites of Hertfordshire Birds—III Nematodes
Authors: Mettrick D. F. 
Published: June 2009

1. Six species of nematodes were recovered from Hertfordshire birds.2. Porrocaecum ensicaudatum and Syngamus trachea are discussed, S. skrjabini El'perin, 1938 being considered a synonym of the latter.3. The survey produced one new host record and two new records for this country.
A Quantitative Analysis of Helminth Infestation in some Passerine Birds found dead on the Island of Skomer
Authors: James B. L. , Llewellyn L. C. 
Published: June 2009

1. Three hundred and eighty three birds belonging to fifteen species found dead from starvation as a result of a severe cold spell on the island of Skomer, between 2nd and 5th January 19G2, were examined for enteric helminths. The age, sex and weight of each bird was determined whenever possible and on dissection, the species, location and number of helminths was recorded.2. Seventeen species of helminths were found, providing sixteen new host records and five new British records.3. In general, changes in the mean number of helminth species and specimens per bird and per infested bird is directly correlated with changes in the percentage incidence of infestation.
Excystment of the Metacercariae of Echinoparyphium serratum (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae)
Authors: Howell M. J. 
Published: June 2009

1. Metacercarial cysts of Echinoparyphium serratum occur in the pericardium of the snail Isidorella brazieri. Each cyst is surrounded by a nucleated, syncytial host capsule containing granules which are presumed to be melanin. The cyst wall consists of two layers and both contain acid and neutral mucopolysaccharide but little or no protein. No modification of the cyst wall coincident with the point of emergence of the metacercaria has been located.2. Excystment of the metacercaria takes place in two main stages when pepsin is omitted from the initial pretreatment solution: stage I (emergence from the cyst wall through the escape aperture) is an active process (exogenous enzymes are not necessary), and a high percentage of specimens reaching this stage is dependent on the combined effects of a þH of 2, reducing conditions, elevated temperature (37–39°C) and sodium cholate. Temperature and sodium cholate are absolute requirements for this stage as is pretreatment of between þH 2 and 4 when sodium cholate is included with the reductant (sodium dithionite) rather than in the excystment medium with trypsin. The possibility that CO2 is involved has not been established.
Stages in the Development of Larval Echinostomes recovered from Schistosome Transmitting Molluscs in Central Africa
Authors: Bisseru B. 
Published: June 2009

The schistosome transmitting molluscs, Physopsis africana and Biomphalaria tanganikanus, from the Belgian Congo, carried the metacercaria of Echinoparyphium recurvatum and of Echinostoma revolutum, which have been recorded for the first time from the Southern half of the African Continent. Further research may indicate their wider distribution in this Continent.Development of the larval stages and heavy encystment of the metacercaria of these echinostomes in the schistosome transmitting molluscs led to death of the snails. The use of other trematode species, particularly echinostomes may offer great prospects in the field control of schistosome transmitting molluscs.
The Cestode Parasites of the Sheathbill, Chionis alba (Gmelin), from Signy Island, South Orkney Islands
Authors: Jones N. V. , Williams I. C. 
Published: June 2009

The Sheathbill is a distinctive bird breeding on the islands of the Scotia Arc and the Graham Land peninsula, and regularly occurring north to the Falkland Islands, the Magellanic Islands and the Atlantic coast of Argentina (Jones, 1963). Rather surprisingly no cestodes have previously been recorded or described from this bird.The following account describes Nototaenia fileri gen. et sp. nov. and Lateriporus ausiralis n.sp. from two of 13 adult Sheathbills collected on Signy Island in July and October 1965 by Mr Charles Howie of the British Antarctic Survey, preserved in deep-freeze, and later entrusted to us for examination.
On the Interaction between Heterakis gallinarum, Ascaridia galli, “Blackhead” and the Chicken
Authors: Madsen Holger 
Published: June 2009

Measured dosages of larvated eggs of the caecal nematode, Heterakis gallinarum and the small intestinal nematode, Ascaridia galli were fed to domestic chickens, in order to study the distribution of the numbers of worms developing and the influence on the worms and the chicks of the treatments in the experiments. These treatments are summarised in Table 1, p. 110.Chronic respiratory disease, accidentally acquired by the groups of chicks in varying degrees appeared to have no influence on the course of the worm infections and the ensuing blackhead (Table 2, p. 112).Following ingestion of eggs of Heterakis, blackhead occurred in three of four groups of chicks, apparently in varying degrees, possibly related to the size of the egg dosage and to differences in susceptibility to Heterakis (Table 1, p. 110). The chicks inthe group which did not contract blackhead were considerably older than those of the other groups.
The Anatomy of Liga brevis (von Linstow, 1884) Dubinina, 1953, a Cyclophyllidean Tapeworm from the Golden-plover, Plnvialis apricaria (L.) and Some Discussion on the Genus Liga Weinland, 1857
Authors: Williams I. C. 
Published: June 2009

Liga brevis (von Linstow, 1884) Dubinina, 1953, is recorded for the first time in the British Isles.Detailed descriptions are given of the external features, integument and musculature, excretory system, nervous system and reproductive system of Liga brevis.The relationship of Liga brevis to other species of the genus Liga Weinland, 1857, settstt Ransom, 1909, is discussed and new information on the relationship of the genital ducts to the longitudinal excretory vessels in Liga facile (Meggitt, 1927) Szpotańiska, 1931, is given. The systematic position of Liga brevicollis (Fuhrmann, 1907) Sandeman, 1959, is discussed. The value of some of the morphological characters used to differentiate the species of Liga is discussed.A table showing the more important morphological and ecological features of thirteen species ascribed to Liga Weinland, 1857, sensu Ransom, 1909, is given.
Breinlia mackerrasae n.sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the peramelid marsupial, Isoodon macrourus, with a note on Breinlia sp. from the ‘mumut’ (Peramelidae)
Authors: Walker J. C. , McMillan B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBreinlia mackerrasae n.sp. is described from the short-nosed bandicoot Isoodon macrourus. It bears most similarity to B. dentifera, but differs in having larger spicules and in the arrangement of the anal papillae. Female worms from a ‘mumut’ (Peramelidae) are described, but as no males are available, their taxonomic status remains uncertain. These are the first records of Breinlia from peramelid marsupials.
The helminth parasites of the sheathbill, Chionis alba (Gmelin), and the diving petrels, Pelecanoides georgicus (Murphy and Harper) and P. urinatrix (Gmelin), at Bird Island, South Georgia
Authors: Williams I. C. , Jones N. V. , Payne M. J. , Ellis C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwelve sheathbills, Chionis alba, 12 South Georgian diving petrels, Pelecanoides georgicus, and 5 common diving petrels, P. urinatrix, collected at Bird Island, South Georgia, were examined for helminth parasites. These appear to be the first helminthological examinations of birds from South Georgia. Eleven of the 12 sheathbills were infected with helminth parasites and the pattern of infection of adult male and female birds was similar. Five species of helminths were found in sheathbills, namely Gymnophallus dellciosus, Notocotylus chionis, Paramonostomum signiensis, Lateriporus australis and Corynosoma hammani. Two species, namely Tetrabothrius sp. and Stegophorus heardi, were found in both Pelecanoides georgicus and P. urinatrix.The helminth parasites of whales and seals in the Antarctic and Subantarctic have been extensively studied, while in comparison those of birds from these regions have been neglected. As far as we are aware there are no previous reports on helminth parasites from the sheathbill, Chionis alba (Gmelin), the South Georgian diving petrel, Pelecanoides georgicus (Murphy and Harper), and the common diving petrel, P. urinatrix (Gmelin), from South Georgia.
On the life history ofHepatojarakus malayae(Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae), a parasite of the feral rat in Malaysia
Authors: Ow-Yang C. K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAdults ofHepatojarakus malayaelive in the bile duct of many species ofRattusin Peninsular Malaysia, ine life cycle of this parasite was studied in laboratory white rats. Eggs were passed out with the faeces at the early morula stage and hatched within 15 hours, giving rise to the first stage larvae. These developed to the third stage in about 36 hours and these were given orally to new rats in experimental infections. The migratory route of the larvae from the gut to the liver was traced. Penetration into the host appeared to be confined mainly to the fundic wall of the stomach. The larvae presumably followed the portal route to the uver. Here the final moult occurred before the young adults moved into the biliary passages.
Capillaria infections of pigs: Description of C. papuensis sp. n. and the pathology of natural infections
Authors: Copland J. W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCapillaria papuensis sp. nov. is described from specimens collected from the gastro-intestinal systems of 14 pigs from two villages in Papua New Guinea. It differs from C.gastrosuis and C. suis in the number and location of papillae in the vulval region, the sculptured surface of the eggs, a sub-terminal anus in the female and in the length of the spicule and bilateral caudal alae in the male. The species inhabits the epithelium of the tongue, where clusters of eggs move towards the surface with the growth of the epithelium and are subsequently swallowed. The pathological changes in the infected epithelium are minimal. The prepatent period is approximately eight weeks.
Studies onOnchocerca gutturosa(Neumann, 1910) and its Development inSimulium Ornatum(Meigen, 1818). 3. Factors Affecting the Development of the Parasite in its Vector
Authors: Eichler D. A. 
Published: June 2009

1. Observations were made on various methods of infecting S.ornatumwith 0.gutturosa, the behaviour of the parasite in its vector, and the maintenance of the vector in the laboratory.2. S.ornatumreared from pupae brought into the laboratory were successfully infected with 0.gutturosaafter feeding on infected cattle. The use ofin vitromethods of infection was unsuccessful as microfilariae were ingested but did not undergo larval development.3. The migratory route of 0.gutturosamicrofilariae ingested by S.ornatumwas studied and it was found that a mean of only 25% penetrate out of the abdominal midgut. The dimensional changes of 0.gutturosawere noted from the time of ingestion by S.ornatumuntil the infective stage was reached.4. 0.gutturosatook 13–15 days to reach the infective stage in S.ornatumwhen maintained at a constant temperature of 23°C.5. The development and structure of the peritrophic membrane of S.ornatumare described.6. Preliminary observations on the seasonal variations of some factors affecting the transmission of O.gutturosaby S.ornatumsuggest that microfilariae were only available for ingestion during the period of vector activity, after which they migrated into the deeper regions of the skin of cattle.
Species of Gastro-intestinal Helminths of Lambs in Northern Ireland
Authors: Taylor S. M. , Cawthorne R. J. G. 
Published: June 2009

A survey of the helminths parasitising the gastro-intestinal tract of lambs in Northern Ireland is described. Twenty-four species were identified from the three hundred and seventy-two animals examined, which were drawn from abattoirs in different areas.The major species found in the abomasum were Ostertagia circumcincta, 0. trifurcata, 0. pinnata and Trichosirongylus axei. Nematodints battus, N. filicollis, T. vitrinus and Cooperia curticei were the most prevalent species in the small intestine. Some observations are made on the relative incidence and role in the production of parasitic gastro-enteritis.
Unusual protein pattern ofOpisthorchis viverrini
Authors: Ruppel A. , Boonpucknavig Somnate , Hempelmann E. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe proteins of homogenized adultOpisthorchis viverriniwere separated by polyacrylamide gel electro-Phoresis and isoelectric focusing in the presence of detergents. By far the most abundant component(s) had a Mr of 18,000 to 19,000, represented about 47% of the total parasite protein, and did not separate in isotypes.
Population Studies on the Potato Root Eelworm (Heterodera rostochiensisWoll.)
Authors: Fenwick D. W. , Reid Elizabeth 
Published: June 2009

1. When potatoes are planted in eelworm infested land, the root diffusate produced results in 70—80 per cent, of the larvae emerging from the cysts in the first 4—5 weeks of growth and this effect is shown up to a distance of 6 in. from the root centre.2. Moderate or heavy soil infestations of potato root eelworm result in a considerable root invasion prior to potatoes breaking through; several thousand cysts can result from this early attack and can cause severe dislocation of the young root.
The role of native domestic animals in the dissemination of Echinococcus infection among dogs in the State of Kuwait
Authors: Behbehani Kazem , Hassounah Osama 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTInfection with hydatid cysts of domestic animals slaughtered by private individuals and at the Government Central Slaughterhouse is recorded. Both fertile and non-fertile cysts were seen in the infected animals. The home slaughtered sheep seems to play an important role in the dissemination of the parasite and the life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus in the State of Kuwait is assumed to be sheep—dog—sheep.
Onchocerca raillieti n.sp. (Filarioidea) chez l'Ane domestique en Afrique
Authors: Bain O. , Muller R. L. , Khamis Y. , Guilhon J. , Schillhorn Van Veen T. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTOnchocerca raillieti sp. n. (Filarioidea), from the domestic donkey (Equus asinus) in Africa, is described. The species is compared to O. bohmi (Supperer, 1953) n.comb, O. reticulata Diesing, 1841, O. cervicalis Railliet et Henry, 1910, O. flexuosa (Wed), 1856) and O. armillata Railliet et Henry, 1909 and can be differentiated by numerous characters of which the most important are the anterior region of the female (which is straight and slender, 6 to 8 cm long, and bears longitudinal striae) and the 10 symmetrically arranged pairs of caudal papillae. O. raillieti seems to be a primitive species by several characters (caudal papillae, cervical papillae, oesophagus, vulva and cuticle.)
Observations on the life-cycle of the strigeoid trematode, Apatemon (Apatemon) gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819) Szidat, 1928
Authors: Blair David 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe life-cycle of Apatemon (A.) gracilis was completed in the laboratory. The snail host is Lymnaeaperegra (Müller). The cercaria is redescribed from a wide range of material. Metacercariae were found in naturally infected rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson), three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatiis L.) and stone loach (Nemacheilus barbatulus (L.)) from Scotland and in three-spined sticklebacks from Iceland. In trout, most metacercariae were found in the pericardial cavity, in sticklebacks, the eye, and in loach, the body cavity. In infection experiments, cercariae from naturally infected Scottish snails developed in threespined sticklebacks, rainbow trout and brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). Under experimental conditions cercariae did not penetrate stone loach, although this species is naturally infected with A gracilis. The phenomenon of fish host specificity is briefly discussed. Development of the metacercaria is described. Excystation of metacercarial cysts with pepsin and trypsin solutions is unlike that reported for any other digenean; the contents of the cyst appear to be under pressure. In pepsin, layers of the cyst wall peel back from one end. When transferred to trypsin, one pole of the cyst ruptures and the worm is forcibly expelled.
Hymenolepis muris-sylvaticaein laboratory rodents
Authors: Haeren C. Van , De Rycke P. H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe establishment, growth, survival and distribution olHymenolepis muris-sylvaticaem different laboratory animals (Wistar rats, golden hamsters, CFLP and NMRI mice) after oral infection and surgical transplantation were determined.Worms that establish in CFLP and NMRI mice grow exponentially but are rejected at different times p.i. depending on the strain of mice and mode of infection. Only in golden hamsters willH. muris-sylvaticaedevelop to a mature worm; in rats there is no growth at all. Worms of all sizes are found in the posterior half of the small intestine in rats and both strains of mice; in hamsters the worms are recovered more anteriorly.
Separation of viable microfilariae free of blood cells on Percoll gradients
Authors: Chandrashekar R. , Rao U. R. , Rajasekariah G. R. , Subrahmanyam D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA consistent and reproducible method is described for isolating pure populations of microfilariae of Litomosoides carinii, Brugia pahangi, B. malayi and Dipetalonema viteae, free of cells, from blood, by density gradient centrifugation on Percoll in 0.25M sucrose. The recovery of the microfilariae was 85 to 97%.
A comparative study on esterases from three species of Raillietina
Authors: Balasubramanian M.P. , Dhandayuthapani S. , Nellaiappan K. , Ramalingam K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe multiplicity of soluble esterases in Raillietina tetragona, R. echinobothrida and R. cesticillus was studied by use of slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Five fractions of esterase activity were observed in R. tetragona, seven in R. echinobothrida and three in R. cesticillus. The various fractions of esterase activity of closely related species of Raillietina showed differential behaviour towards various chemicals. Based on the inhibitory effect of inhibitors p-CMB, EDTA, malathion, silver nitrate and eserine sulphate, the various esterases have been classified into arylesterase, carboxylesterase, acetylesterase and cholinesterase.
Histochemical localization of phosphomonoesterases in Avhellina lahorea Woodland, 1927 (Cestoda: Anoplocephalida)
Authors: Farooq Rashid , Farooqi H.U. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNon-specific and specific phosphatases have been histochemically localized in the tissues of Avitellina lahorea, an intestinal parasite of sheep and goats. Large quantities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase were observed in almost all organs except the parenchyma where there were moderate amounts of acid phosphatase and no alkaline phosphatase; the reproductive ducts contained moderate amounts of alkaline phosphatase. 5-nucleotidase was observed only in the uterus, egg pouches and eggs and glucose-6-phosphatase activity was restricted to the tegument. The probable functions of these moieties at different sites are discussed.