bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Characterization of Gold 6‐Amino‐2‐mercaptobenzothiazole Self‐Assembled Monolayer for Dopamine Detection in Pharmaceutical Samples
Authors: Shervedani Reza Karimi , Siadat‐Barzoki Saied Mohsen , Bagherzadeh Mojtaba 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA new sensor, gold‐6‐amino‐2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (6A2MBT), was fabricated via a self‐assembly procedure. Electrochemical properties of the monolayer were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The modified electrode showed excellent antifouling property against the oxidation products of DA, allowed us to construct a dynamic calibration curve with two linear parts, 1.00×10−6 to 3.72×10−4 and 3.72×10−4 to 6.42×10−4 M DA, with correlation coefficients of 0.997 and 0.992 and a detection limit of 1.57×10−7 M DA by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), respectively. Finally, the performance of the Au‐6A2MBT modified electrode was successfully tested for electrochemical detection of DA in a pharmaceutical sample.
Direct Electrochemistry of Hemoglobin in Layer‐by‐Layer Films Assembled with DNA and Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
Authors: Gao Ruifang , Zheng Jianbin , Qiao Lifang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBased on electrostatic interaction and electrodeposition, poly‐anionic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), room temperature ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4), hemoglobin (Hb) and Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) were successfully assembled into Hb/IL/DNA/PDDA layer‐by‐layer complex films on the surface of ITO electrode. FTIR spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize the composite film. The obtained results demonstrated that the Hb molecule in the film kept its native structure and showed its good electrochemical behavior. A pair of well‐defined redox peaks of Hb with the formal potentials (E°′) of −0.180 V (vs. SCE) was appeared in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.0). The Hb/IL/DNA/PDDA/ITO modified electrode also showed an excellent electrocatalytic behavior to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Therefore, the IL/DNA/PDDA complex film as a novel matrix open up a possibility for further study on the direct electrochemistry of other proteins and the fabrication of the third‐generation electrochemical biosensors.
Heterogeneous Electron Transfer and Oxygen Reduction Reaction at Nanostructured Iron(II) Phthalocyanine and Its MWCNTs Nanocomposites
Authors: Mamuru Solomon A. , Ozoemena Kenneth I. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractElectron transfer and oxygen reduction dynamics at nanostructured iron(II) phthalocyanine/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes composite supported on an edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (EPPGE‐MWCNT‐nanoFePc) platform have been reported. All the electrodes showed the category 3 diffusional behaviour according to the Davies–Compton theoretical framework. Both MWCNTs and MWCNT‐nanoFePc showed huge current responses compared to the other electrodes, suggesting the redox processes of trapped redox species within the porous layers of MWCNTs. Electron transfer process is much easier at the EPPGE‐MWCNT and EPPGE‐MWCNT‐nanoFePc compared to the other electrodes. The best response for oxygen reduction reaction was at the EPPGE‐MWCNT‐nanoFePc, yielding a 4‐electron process.
Electrochemically Induced Formation of Surface‐Attached Temperature‐Responsive Hydrogels. Amperometric Glucose Sensors with Tunable Sensor Characteristics
Authors: Bünsow Johanna , Enzenberg Anne , Pohl Katja , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Johannsmann Diethelm 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEmploying thermally responsive hydrogels, the design of an amperometric glucose sensor is proposed. The properties of the biosensor can be modulated upon changing the temperature. Homo‐ and copolymers of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA) were prepared by electrochemically induced polymerization thus yielding surface‐attached hydrogels. The growth of the films as well as the change in the film thickness in dependence from the temperature were investigated by means of an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The layer thickness in the dry state ranged from 20 to 120 nm. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the hydrogel increases with increasing content of the more hydrophilic OEGMA. Hence, the swelling in aqueous electrolyte is composition dependent and can be adjusted by selecting a specific NIPAm to OEGMA ratio. All homo‐ and copolymer films showed good biocompatibility and no fouling could be observed during exposing the surfaces to human serum albumin. For amperometric glucose detection, glucose oxidase was entrapped in the films during electrochemically‐induced polymerization. Both the apparent Michaelis constant (K$\rm{{_{M}^{app}})}$ and the apparent maximum current (i$\rm{{_{max}^{app}})}$ as determined by amperometry could be adjusted both by the film composition as well as the operation temperature.
Regenerable Leptin Immunosensor Based on Protein G Immobilized Au‐Pyrrole Propylic Acid‐Polypyrrole Nanocomposite
Authors: Chen Wei , Lei Yu , Li Chang Ming 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA regenerable, labelless electrochemical immunosensor is investigated. In this work, pyrrole (Py) and pyrrole propylic acid (Pa) were co‐electropolymerized in the presence of gold nanoparticles to form a porous, conductive, stable and hydrophilic nanocomposite, followed by the covalent attachment of protein G to capture an antibody as the probe for the immunoassay. The regeneration of the sensor was achieved by rinsing the electrodes with 0.1 M glycine buffer (pH 2.7). The binding and dissociation of the antibody with protein G and optimization of the efficient immobilization were studied by impedance and optical measurements, respectively. The charge transfer resistance obtained from the impedance measurements is used to study the interaction between antibody‐protein G and antibody‐antigen. The immunosensor performance and its regenerability were evaluated by using anti‐leptin IgG as the probe protein to detect leptin in 0.01 M PBS, and its specificity was tested in 1% human serum. The leptin impedimetric immunosensor exhibits a detection dynamic range of 10–100 000 ng/mL with 10 ng/mL detection limit in 0.01 M PBS+1% serum solutions. This work proves the feasibility to make a sensitive, regenerative electrochemical immunosensor, which could be very useful for environmental control and food analysis.
Electrophysiology meets fMRI: Neural correlates of the startle reflex assessed by simultaneous EMG–fMRI data acquisition
Authors: Neuner Irene , Stöcker Tony , Kellermann Thilo , Ermer Veronika , Wegener Hans Peter , Eickhoff Simon B. , Schneider Frank , Shah N. Jon 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe startle reflex provides a unique tool for the investigation of sensorimotor gating and information processing. Simultaneous EMG–fMRI acquisition (i.e., online stimulation and recording in the MR environment) allows for the quantitative assessment of the neuronal correlates of the startle reflex and its modulations on a single trial level. This serves as the backbone for a startle response informed fMRI analysis, which is fed by data acquired in the same brain at the same time. We here present the first MR study using a single trial approach with simultaneous acquired EMG and fMRI data on the human startle response in 15 healthy young men. It investigates the neural correlates for isolated air puff startle pulses (PA), prepulse–pulse inhibition (PPI), and prepulse facilitation (PPF). We identified a common core network engaged by all three conditions (PA, PPI, and PPF), consisting of bilateral primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, right insula, right thalamus, right temporal pole, middle cingulate cortex, and cerebellum. The cerebellar vermis exhibits distinct activation patterns between the startle modifications. It is differentially activated with the highest amplitude for PPF, a lower activation for PA, and lowest for PPI. The orbital frontal cortex exhibits a differential activation pattern, not for the type of startle response but for the amplitude modification. For pulse alone it is close to zero; for PPI it is activated. This is in contrast to PPF where it shows deactivation. In addition, the thalamus, the cerebellum, and the anterior cingulate cortex add to the modulation of the startle reflex. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The envious brain: The neural basis of social comparison
Authors: Dvash Jonathan , Gilam Gadi , Ben‐Ze'ev Aharon , Hendler Talma , Shamay‐Tsoory Simone G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHumans have a drive to evaluate themselves by examining their abilities and outcomes in comparison to others. The present study examined the emotional and neural correlates of upward social comparison (comparison with those who have more) and downward social comparison (comparison with those who have less). Two experiments were conducted with volunteers in an interactive game of chance, in which a putative player won or lost more money than the participant. The results showed that even when participants lost money, they expressed joy and schadenfreude (gloating) if the other player had lost more money. On the other hand when they actually won money, but the other player had won more they expressed envy. This pattern was also demonstrated in a differential BOLD response in the ventral striatum. Comparing the activations between an actual gain and a relative gain indicated that even when a person loses money, merely adding information about another person's greater loss may increase ventral striatum activations to a point where these activations are similar to those of an actual gain. We suggest that the ventral striatum plays a role in mediating the emotional consequences of social comparison. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatosensory‐evoked cortical activity in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy
Authors: Wingert Jason R. , Sinclair Robert J. , Dixit Sachin , Damiano Diane L. , Burton Harold 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSomatosensory deficits have been identified in cerebral palsy (CP), but associated cortical brain activity in CP remains poorly understood. Functional MRI was used to measure blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) responses during three tactile tasks in 10 participants with spastic diplegia (mean age: 18.70 years, SD: 7.99 years; 5 females) and 10 age‐matched controls (mean age: 18.60 years, SD: 3.86 years; 5 females). Tactile stimulation involved servo‐controlled translation of smooth or embossed surfaces across the right index finger pad; the discrimination tasks with embossed surfaces involved judging whether (1) paired shapes were similar or different, and (2) a rougher set of horizontal gratings preceded or followed a smoother one. Velocity and duration of surface translation was identical across all trials. In addition, an event‐related design revealed response dynamics per trial in both groups. Compared to controls, individuals with spastic diplegia had significantly reduced spatial extents in activated cortical areas and smaller BOLD response magnitudes in cortical areas for somatosensation, motor, and goal‐directed/attention behaviors. These results provide mechanisms for the widespread somatosensory deficits in CP. The reduced activation noted across multiple cortical areas might contribute to motor deficits in CP. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cortical activation by tactile stimulation to face and anterior neck areas: An fMRI study with three analytic methods
Authors: Lin Chou‐Ching K. , Sun Yung‐Nien , Huang Chung‐I , Yu Chin‐Yin , Ju Ming‐Shaung 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the sensory cortical activation of the anterior neck region and the relationship between the neck and face representation areas. Functional MRI by blood oxygenation level dependent measurements was performed while tactile stimulation was applied to the face or neck area. Nonpainful tactile stimuli were manually delivered by an experimenter at a frequency of ∼1 Hz. Block (epoch) design was adopted with a block duration of 30 s and a whole run duration of 6 min. For each location, two runs were performed. After the image data were preprocessed, both parameteric and nonparametric methods were performed to test the group results. The results showed that (1) unilateral face or neck stimulation could elicit bilateral cortical activation, (2) mainly the face representation and face‐hand junction areas, but not the conventional neck representation area, were activated by face or neck stimulation, and (3) the activation areas were larger when right face or neck was stimulated. In conclusion, the sensory cortical representation area of the anterior neck region was mainly at the junction of hand and face representation area and the activated area was larger when the right face or neck was stimulated. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion tensor imaging reliably differentiates patients with schizophrenia from healthy volunteers
Authors: Ardekani Babak A. , Tabesh Ali , Sevy Serge , Robinson Delbert G. , Bilder Robert M. , Szeszko Philip R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe objective of this research was to determine whether fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) maps derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the brain are able to reliably differentiate patients with schizophrenia from healthy volunteers. DTI and high resolution structural magnetic resonance scans were acquired in 50 patients with schizophrenia and 50 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers. FA and MD maps were estimated from the DTI data and spatially normalized to the Montreal Neurologic Institute standard stereotactic space. Individuals were divided randomly into two groups of 50, a training set, and a test set, each comprising 25 patients and 25 healthy volunteers. A pattern classifier was designed using Fisher's linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on the training set of images to categorize individuals in the test set as either patients or healthy volunteers. Using the FA maps, the classifier correctly identified 94% of the cases in the test set (96% sensitivity and 92% specificity). The classifier achieved 98% accuracy (96% sensitivity and 100% specificity) when using the MD maps as inputs to distinguish schizophrenia patients from healthy volunteers in the test dataset. Utilizing FA and MD data in combination did not significantly alter the accuracy (96% sensitivity and specificity). Patterns of water self‐diffusion in the brain as estimated by DTI can be used in conjunction with automated pattern recognition algorithms to reliably distinguish between patients with schizophrenia and normal control subjects. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential application of ecological models in the European environmental risk assessment of chemicals I: Review of protection goals in EU directives and regulations
Authors: Hommen Udo , Baveco JM (Hans) , Galic Nika , van den Brink Paul J 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Several European directives and regulations address the environmental risk assessment of chemicals. We used the protection of freshwater ecosystems against plant protection products, biocidal products, human and veterinary pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals and priority substances under the Water Framework Directive as examples to explore the potential of ecological effect models for a refined risk assessment. Our analysis of the directives, regulations, and related guidance documents lead us to distinguish the following 5 areas for the application of ecological models in chemical risk assessment: 1) Extrapolation of organism-level effects to the population level: The protection goals are formulated in general terms, e.g., avoiding “unacceptable effects” or “adverse impact” on the environment or the “viability of exposed species.” In contrast, most of the standard ecotoxicological tests provide data only on organism-level endpoints and are thus not directly linked to the protection goals which focus on populations and communities. 2) Extrapolation of effects between different exposure profiles: Especially for plant protection products, exposure profiles can be very variable and impossible to cover in toxicological tests. 3) Extrapolation of recovery processes: As a consequence of the often short-term exposures to plant protection products, the risk assessment is based on the community recovery principle. On the other hand, assessments under the other directives assume a more or less constant exposure and are based on the ecosystem threshold principle. 4) Analysis and prediction of indirect effects: Because effects on 1 or a few taxa might have consequences on other taxa that are not directly affected by the chemical, such indirect effects on communities have to be considered. 5) Prediction of bioaccumulation within food chains: All directives take the possibility of bioaccumulation, and thus secondary poisoning within the food chain, into account. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2010;6:325–337. © 2010 SETAC
Genetic variation in the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway is associated with bone turnover and bone mineral density in men
Authors: Roshandel Delnaz , Holliday Kate L , Pye Stephen R , Boonen Steven , Borghs Herman , Vanderschueren Dirk , Huhtaniemi Ilpo T , Adams Judith E , Ward Kate A , Bartfai Gyorgy , Casanueva Felipe , Finn Joseph D , Forti Gianni , Giwercman Aleksander , Han Thang S , Kula Krzysztof , Lean Michael E , Pendleton Neil , Punab Margus , Silman Alan J , Wu Frederick C , Thomson Wendy , O'Neill Terence W ,   and the EMAS Study Group
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RANKL, RANK, and OPG influence bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in men. Pairwise tag SNPs (r2 ≥ 0.8) were selected for RANKL, RANK, and OPG and their 10-kb flanking regions. Selected tag SNPs plus five SNPs near RANKL and OPG, associated with BMD in published genome-wide association studies (GWAS), were genotyped in 2653 men aged 40 to 79 years of age recruited for participation in a population-based study of male aging, the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) serum levels were measured in all men. BMD at the calcaneus was estimated by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in all men. Lumbar spine and total-hip areal BMD (BMDa) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a subsample of 620 men. Multiple OPG, RANK, and RANKL SNPs were associated with bone turnover markers. We also identified a number of SNPs associated with BMD, including rs2073618 in OPG and rs9594759 near RANKL. The minor allele of rs2073618 (C) was associated with higher levels of both PINP (β = 1.83, p = .004) and CTX-I (β = 17.59, p = 4.74 × 10−4), and lower lumbar spine BMDa (β = −0.02, p = .026). The minor allele of rs9594759 (C) was associated with lower PINP (β = −1.84, p = .003) and CTX-I (β = −27.02, p = 6.06 × 10−8) and higher ultrasound BMD at the calcaneus (β = 0.01, p = .037). Our findings suggest that genetic variation in the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway influences bone turnover and BMD in European men. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Cross-sectional association between serum vitamin D concentration and walking speed measured at usual and fast pace among older women: The EPIDOS study
Authors: Annweiler Cédric , Schott Anne-Marie , Montero-Odasso Manuel , Berrut Gilles , Fantino Bruno , Herrmann François R , Beauchet Olivier 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and walking speed measured at usual and fast pace among older women. Usual- and fast-pace walking speeds and 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed in 739 randomized older women (mean age 80.2 ± 3.5 years) from the EPIDOS study. The following 25(OH)D thresholds were used: 10, 20, and 30 ng/mL. Walking speed was dichotomized on being in the worst quintile or not. Age, body mass index, number of chronic diseases, physical activity, quadriceps strength, cognition, use of psychoactive drugs, and serum parathyroid hormone were used as potential confounders. The results show that 90% of subjects had 25(OH)D insufficiency. Only fast-pace walking speed was significantly different between groups (p = .021) and decreased from normal serum 25(OH)D concentrations to severe insufficiency (trend p = .007). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was associated with walking speed at both usual and fast pace in the unadjusted linear regression (β = 0.16, p = .027 and β = 0.23, p = .009, respectively). This association remained significant only for fast-pace walking after adjustment (adjusted β = 0.18, p = .033) and was strengthened from a lower 25(OH)D value compared with usual pace [25(OH)D = 27.15 ng/mL for fast pace and 38.65 ng/mL for usual pace). Lastly, logistic regression showed a stronger association of serum 25(OH)D insufficiency with fast-pace walking speed whatever the 25(OH)D thresholds used [30 to 20 ng/mL: adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) = 6.01, p = .003; 20 to 10 ng/mL: adjOR = 4.10, p = .014; &lt;10 ng/mL: adjOR = 6.95, p = .001) compared with usual pace (30 to 20 ng/mL: adjOR = 3.79, p = .022; 20 to 10 ng/mL: adjOR = 3.76, p = .016; &lt;10 ng/mL: adjOR = 5.44, p = .003). The findings show a stronger positive association between 25(OH)D concentrations and fast-pace walking speed that is a more sensitive marker of neuromuscular functioning compared with usual-pace walking. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Ternary condensation of Biginelli thiones, chloroacetic acid, and aldehydes as an effective approach towards thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines and 5‐arylidenethiazolidine‐2,4‐diones
Authors: Lebedyeva Iryna O. , Povstyanoy Mykhaylo V. , Ryabitskii Aleksey B. , Povstyanoy Vyacheslav M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
magnified image At the process of ethyl 6‐methyl‐4‐aryl‐2‐thioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidine‐5‐carboxylates condensation with aryl aldehydes and chloroacetic acid the unexpected formation of 5‐arylidenethiazolidine‐2,4‐diones was determined in high yields as the reaction time was increased to 20 h. The latter represent the products of destructive hydrolyzes of ethyl 2‐benzylidene‐7‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐5‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐5H‐[1,3]thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylates which have been proved by independent synthesis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Synthesis of some novel polyaza fused heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Abdelrazek Fathy M. , Metwally Nadia H. , Kassab Nazmi A. , Sobhy Nehal A. , Metz Peter , Jaeger Anna 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
magnified image 2‐(1‐Aryl‐ethylidene)‐malononitriles 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d undergo self dimerization in ethanol catalyzed by sodium ethoxide to afford 2‐[4,6‐diaryl‐3‐cyano‐6‐methyl‐5,6‐dihydropyridin‐2(1H)‐ylidene]‐malononitrile derivatives 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d respectively. The structure of the dimer was elucidated by X‐ray crystallography and a plausible mechanism for its formation is depicted. Compound 3a couples with arene diazonium salts 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d to afford the hydrazo derivatives 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d and reacts with hydrazine hydrate and phenylhydrazine 6a, 6b to afford the pyrazolo[3,4‐h][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives7a, 7b and with urea and thiourea 8a, 8b to afford the pyrimido[4,5‐h][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives 9a, 9b, respectively. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).