bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basal ganglia physiology and deep brain stimulation
Authors: Lozano Andres M. , Snyder Brian J. , Hamani Clement , Hutchison William D. , Dostrovsky Jonathan O. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDespite improvements in anatomic imaging of the basal ganglia, microelectrode recording is still an invaluable tool in locating appropriate targets for neurosurgical intervention. These recording also provide an unparalleled opportunity to study the pathophysiological aspects of diseases. This article reviews the principles of microelectrode recording in functional neurosurgery and discusses the pathologic neurophysiologic findings commonly encountered. It also highlights some of the potential mechanisms of action of both dopaminergic drugs and deep brain stimulation. In addition we review the recent work on pedunculopontine nucleus neurophysiology and trials of deep brain stimulation in that region for gait disturbances in Parkinson's disease. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Gastrointestinal, urological, and sexual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pfeiffer Ronald F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRecognition has grown regarding the importance of nonmotor dysfunction in the setting of Parkinson's disease. Autonomic involvement, including gastrointestinal, urinary, and sexual dysfunction is frequent and may significantly impair quality of life for affected individuals. Both recognition and attention to appropriate treatment are important for optimum clinical management. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Pain in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ford Blair 
Published: February 2010

AbstractParkinson's disease is characterized primarily as a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to disabling motor and cognitive impairment. PD is less widely appreciated as a disease causing a substantial variety of pain syndromes, although the prevalence of pain in PD is approximately 40%. In a minority of patients, pain is so severe and intractable that it overshadows the motor symptoms of the disorder. In recent years, descriptive surveys of non‐motor symptoms in PD have led to a classification of painful sensations into one or more of several categories: musculoskeletal pain, radicular or neuropathic pain, dystonia‐related pain, akathitic discomfort, and primary, central parkinsonian pain. A framework for diagnosing and treating painful PD is described in this review, together with recent insignts into the neurophysiological mechanisms and substrates of pain in PD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Parkinson's at risk syndrome: Can Parkinson's disease be predicted?
Authors: Stern Matthew B. , Siderowf Andrew 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) has revolved around pharmacologic interventions that primarily treat the cardinal (dopaminergic) manifestations of tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia; yet, we now know that the pathology of PD is widespread, accounting for more disabling symptoms such as cognitive impairment, autonomic problems, and postural instability. Further, attempts at modifying PD may be hampered as much by the imperfection of therapeutic interventions as by the extent of neuronal damage that exists even in early PD, when most putative neuroprotective agents are tried. Our approach to PD must therefore evolve and include strategies for detecting PD earlier in its course and, eventually, intervening when the disease process is in its nascent stages. Parkinson's associated risk syndrome (PARS) is the term we have coined to describe patients at risk for developing PD. These patients may have genetic risk factors or may have subtle, early non‐motor symptoms including abnormalities in olfaction, gastrointestinal function, cardiac imaging, vision, behavior, and cognition. Changes in neuroimaging modalities can predict the emergence of neurologic signs and symptoms within several years. The PARS study is now underway to determine the feasibility of screening a large cohort of subjects to identify those at highest risk for developing PD. If successful, we will have the tools to identify cohorts for clinical trials of PD prevention or, at the very least, delay of disease onset, and long‐term disability. Further, our concept of PD risk will change the nosology of PD as those now considered “at‐risk” may ultimately be considered to already have the disease. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Enabling functional independence in Parkinson's disease: Update on occupational therapy intervention
Authors: Rao Ashwini K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMotor impairment and functional limitations are known sequelae of Parkinson's disease. Occupational therapy (OT) is recognized as an important adjunct to pharmacological management. This critical review provides an update on the effectiveness of OT. Eight studies were included in the review, three on occupational therapy task‐related training, two on functional training with external cues and three on OT as part of interdisciplinary treatment. Due to lack of level I studies, it is difficult to determine conclusively the effect of OT. However, there is evidence to suggest that treatment produces improvements in motor and quality of life for the duration of therapy. Implications for future studies and practice are discussed. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Gene therapy for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Bjorklund Tomas , Kordower Jeffrey H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe once fantastic theoretical concept that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) would receive gene therapy in an attempt to alleviate their symptoms and potentially modify the course of their disease has become a reality. On the basis of positive preclinical data, four different gene therapy approaches are currently in Phase I or Phase II clinical trials. Some approaches are intended to increase levels of endogenous dopamine or enhance the function of the prodrug levodopa. Others are intended to normalize basal ganglia circuitry by reducing the PD‐related overactivity of specific brain structures such as the subthalamic nucleus. Each is intended for symptomatic benefit. Finally, gene delivery of trophic factors that not only augment dopaminergic function but are potentially disease modifying has a strong preclinical database and are also in clinical trials. Each of these approaches is discussed in the present review. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Marder Karen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOver the last decade, the importance of cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson's disease (PDD) has been increasingly recognized. Investigators have proposed criteria for PD dementia, and mild cognitive impairment. Risk profiles associated with the development of dementia based on demographic, neurological, neuropsychological, imaging, and genetic investigations have been delineated. The FDA has approved a treatment for PDD, and efforts now are directed toward intervention at earlier stages of cognitive impairment. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Driving difficulties in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Rizzo Matthew , Uc Ergun Y. , Dawson Jeffrey , Anderson Steven , Rodnitzky Robert 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSafe driving requires the coordination of attention, perception, memory, motor and executive functions (including decision‐making) and self‐awareness. Parkinson's disease and other disorders may impair these abilities. Because age or medical diagnosis alone is often an unreliable criterion for licensure, decisions on fitness to drive should be based on empirical observations of performance. Linkages between cognitive abilities measured by neuropsychological tasks, and driving behavior assessed using driving simulators, and natural and naturalistic observations in instrumented vehicles, can help standardize the assessment of fitness‐to‐drive. By understanding the patterns of driver safety errors that cause crashes, it may be possible to design interventions to reduce these errors and injuries and increase mobility. This includes driver performance monitoring devices, collision alerting and warning systems, road design, and graded licensure strategies. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Role of serotonin neurons in the induction of levodopa‐ and graft‐induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Carta Manolo , Carlsson Thomas , Muñoz Ana , Kirik Deniz , Björklund Anders 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRecent studies in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have provided evidence that dopamine released from spared serotonin afferents can act as a trigger of dyskinetic movements induced by repetitive, low doses of levodopa. Serotonin neurons have the capacity to store and release dopamine synthesized from systemically administered levodopa. However, because of the lack of any autoregulatory feedback control, dopamine released from serotonin terminals results in excessive swings in extracellular dopamine levels after peripheral administration of levodopa. Such “dysregulated” release of levodopa‐derived dopamine is likely to be responsible for the appearance of the abnormal movements in levodopa‐primed animals. This mechanism may also play a role in the development of graft‐induced dyskinesias in patients that receive fetal neuron transplants, possibly due to the inclusion of serotonin neurons in the grafted ventral midbrain tissue, which contribute to maintain dopamine receptors of the denervated striatum in a supersensitive state. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
The role of parkin in familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Dawson Ted M. , Dawson Valina L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMutations in parkin are the second most common known cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkin is an ubiquitin E3 ligase that monoubiquitinates and polyubiquitinates proteins to regulate a variety of cellular processes. Loss of parkin's E3 ligase activity is thought to play a pathogenic role in both inherited and sporadic PD. Here, we review parkin biology and pathobiology and its role in the pathogenesis of PD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Expression of aquaporin 5 increases proliferation and metastasis potential of lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Ziqiang , Chen Zhihong , Song Yuanlin , Zhang Pinghai , Hu Jie , Bai Chunxue 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWater channel aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is highly expressed at the apical membrane of alveolar type I epithelial cells and confers high osmotic water permeability. AQP5 is also expressed in lung cancer tissue. Previous studies showed there was an up‐regulation of AQP5 expression in cancer tissue compared to surrounding normal tissue. In addition, expression of AQP5 in lung cancer tissue was associated with poor prognosis. Herein, we tested the role of AQP5 in lung cancer oncogenesis and development. Lung cancer cells with different expression of AQP5 were used to study cell proliferation and migration, two important parameters for tumour cell biology. We found enhanced proliferation and migration potential in cancer cells with high AQP5 expression, while reduced proliferation and metastasis potential in cancer cells with low AQP5 expression. Oncogene analysis showed significantly increased PCNA and c‐myc expression in AQP5 transfected cells. AQP5 transfected cells also showed significant increased MUC5AC mucin expression, which might contribute to the enhanced metastasis potential of lung cancer. AQP5 overexpression resulted in enhanced activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), extracellular receptor kinase (ERK1/2), and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway in cancer cells. Moreover, deletion of AQP5 demonstrated decreased activation of the EGFR/ERK/p38 MAPK pathway in AQP5 knockout mice lungs, while deletion of AQP1 or AQP3 did not exhibit significant changes on activation of the EGFR/ERK/p38 MAPK pathway in lung tissue. In conclusion, our results provide evidence for AQP5‐facilitated lung cancer cell proliferation and migration, possibly through activation of the EGFR/ERK/p38 MAPK signalling pathway, but why AQP5 but not other aquaporin expression affects the EGFR/ERK/p38 MAPK pathway still needs further exploration. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantum criticality and novel phases: Summary and outlook
Authors: Schofield A. J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis conference summary and outlook provides a personal overview of the topics and themes of the August 2009 Dresden meeting on quantum criticality and novel phases. The dichotomy between the local moment and the itinerant views of magnetism is revisited and refreshed in new materials, new probes, and new theoretical ideas. New universality and apparent zero temperature phases of matter move us beyond the old ideas of quantum criticality. This is accompanied by alternative pairing interactions and as yet unidentified phases developing in the vicinity of quantum critical points. In discussing novel order, the magnetic analogs of superconductivity are considered as candidate states for the hidden order that sometimes develops in the vicinity of quantum critical points in metallic systems. These analogs can be thought of as “pairing” in the particle–hole channel and are tabulated. This analogy is used to outline a framework to study the relation between ferromagnetic fluctuations and the propensity of a metal to nematic type phases – which at weak coupling correspond to Pomeranchuk instabilities. This question can be related to the fundamental relations of Fermi liquid theory.
Aryl diazonium salt surface chemistry and ATRP for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer grafts on gold substrates
Authors: Gam‐Derouich Sarra , Ngoc Nguyen Minh , Madani Ahmed , Maouche Naima , Lang Philippe , Perruchot Christian , Chehimi Mohamed M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractQuercetin‐imprinted poly(vinyl pyridine‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) cross‐linked grafts were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using aryl modified gold substrates as macroinitiators. The aryl layers were first attached to Au by electrochemical reduction of the diazonium salt BF$_{4}^{-}$, +N2‐C6H4‐CH2CH2‐OH. The resulting Au‐C6H4‐CH2CH2‐OH plates (Au‐OH) were further treated with 2‐bromopropionyl bromide (Br‐C(O)C(CH3)2‐Br) in order to attach ATRP initiator sites to Au‐OH, thus yielding Au‐C6H4‐CH2CH2‐OC(O)C(CH3)2‐Br (Au‐Br). 4‐Vinyl pyridine (4VP, functional monomer) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA, cross‐linking monomer) were co‐polymerized in acetonitrile at room temperature in the presence of quercetin as a template molecule. Quercetin was then solvent‐extracted to obtain Au‐grafted molecularly imprinted polymer (Au‐MIP). The gold‐grafted nonimprinted polymer film (Au‐NIP) was prepared as a control substrate.The changes in the surface chemical composition, from the neat Au to Au‐MIP and Au‐NIP, were monitored by XPS and polarization modulation infrared reflection‐absorption spectroscopy (PM‐IRRAS). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to assess the specificity and selectivity of Au‐MIP to detect quercetin. The detection limit was found to be better than 10−6 mol/l with CV. Using square wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV), the detection limit was found to be as low as 10−9 mol/l. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
XPS investigation of surface changes during thermal aging of Natural Gas Vehicle catalysts: Influence of Rh addition to Pd
Authors: Renème Y. , Dhainaut F. , Trentesaux M. , Ravanbakhsh B. , Granger P. , Dujardin C. , Gengembre L. , De Cola P. L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study investigates thermal aging induced effects on the surface properties of model and commercial automotive catalysts for Natural Gas Vehicles, by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy of chemisorbed CO as a probe molecule for noble metals. Post‐combustion catalysts for this application are essentially composed of palladium containing low amounts of rhodium and additives to improve the oxygen storage properties. The aging procedure involved exposing the catalysts to an oxidizing atmosphere containing air and 10 vol.% H2O at 980 °C for 4 h in order to simulate surface changes which may occur under usual three‐way operating conditions. It was found that sintering processes led to a significant loss of Pd concentration on model and commercial catalysts. Regarding Rh, diffusion processes into alumina also take place, which are partially inhibited on model catalysts when Rh interacts with Pd. Greater stabilization of Rh species is suggested on commercial catalysts in the presence of oxygen storage materials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical composition of superconducting SmFeAsO doped with fluorine
Authors: Kaciulis S. , Mezzi A. , Ferdeghini C. , Martinelli A. , Tropeano M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBulk samples of SmFeAsO with and without F doping were prepared by thermal synthesis of the powders. Some samples of obtained oxy‐pnictides were further pressed and sintered at 1300 °C.The crystalline structure of the samples was investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction. The samples were also characterized by resistivity measurements and SEM‐Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The chemical composition (atomic concentration and chemical states of constituent elements) of the samples' surface was analyzed by means of XPS before and after the sample cleaning by Ar ion sputtering. For the analysis of the bulk composition, the samples were scraped by using superfine diamond file and immediately transferred into XPS apparatus. In this way, the in‐depth distribution of fluorine and the contribution of surface oxides were revealed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silver nanowires as a result of irradiation or hydrogen reduction of Ag3PW12O40 salt
Authors: Matachowski L. , Socha R. P. , Mucha D. , Zimowska M. , Gurgul J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe report XPS, SEM and XRD investigations of the silver nanowires that are grown at the surface of the neutral silver salt of 12‐tungstophosphoric acid (Ag3PW12O40). Irradiation of the salt with electron or UV beams result in the formation of silver wires in the salt lattice and on the salt surface. The mechanical stress that appears during metallic silver phase formation leads to destruction of the crystal body. The same phenomena were observed after the reduction of Ag3PW12O40 in hydrogen. XRD analysis of the processed salts showed two additional reflexes of 2Θ at 38.12° and 44.28° that originate from the metallic silver phase. SEM analysis showed that the surfaces of the processed salts are covered by bunches of the wires. They show high aspect ratio and rather uniform distribution over the sample. XPS measurements were performed with the fresh and processed silver salts. Hydrogen reduction or irradiation of Ag3PW12O40 leads to significant changes in the main component of Ag 3d line. The quantity of the lattice Ag+ decreases after reduction, from 93 to 30%. Simultaneously, a new component (metallic silver) appears in the spectrum at a binding energy of 368.0 eV. The amount of metallic silver on the surface of the reduced salt approaches 68% of the total silver concentration in the sample. The analysis of P 2p, O 1s and W 4f core excitations showed no qualitative differences after reduction, which means that the Keggin structure of the treated salt remains unchanged. The latter agrees well with XRD results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of 18O‐ and 16O‐rich layers in anodic alumina films by glow discharge time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy
Authors: Molchan I. S. , Thompson G. E. , Skeldon P. , Trigoulet N. , Tempez A. , Chapon P. , Tuccitto N. , Licciardello A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe performance of glow discharge time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry in isotopic differentiation is revealed using the distribution of oxygen isotopes 16O and 18O in barrier‐type anodic alumina films as a focus. Anodic alumina films comprising 18O‐rich layers of controlled thickness were formed by the appropriate combination of anodising of superpure aluminium in electrolytes enriched with 18O isotopes and of natural abundance of 18O isotopes. Analysis of the elemental depth profiles of selected ionic species, i.e. 16O18O, allowed determination of the locations of the 18O‐rich layers and the 18O/16O interface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐temperature sintered conductive silver patterns obtained by inkjet printing for plastic electronics
Authors: Scandurra Antonino , Francesco Indelli Giuseppe , Graziana Spartà Noemi , Galliano Francesco , Ravesi Sebastiano , Pignataro Salvatore 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSilver metal patterns onto plastic substrates have been obtained by inkjet printing with commercial ink based on silver nanoscale particles. Morphological characterization by scanning electron microscopy of spin‐coating processed films indicates that a sintering treatment at 250 °C for 30 min is enough to sinterize the silver metal nanoparticles. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of sintered metal films shows that the sinterization is accompanied by a reduction of carbon surface concentration coming from carbon‐containing chemical compounds present in the ink formulation. After sintering at 250 °C for 30 min, the material shows typical electrical resistivity of 4.6 × 10−6 Ωcm (i.e. about three times the value of bulk silver).Printed test structures show typical resistivity after sintering at 250 °C for 30 min in the range of 5–7 × 10−6 Ωcm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An approach applying SSM to problem situations of interests conflicts: Interests‐coordination SSM
Authors: Jianmei Yang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCheckland's Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) made an epoch‐making contribution to systems research. This paper researches Interests‐coordination SSM (ISSM), an approach of applying SSM to deal with the problem of interests conflict. We think there is a hierarchy of the systems methodologies for problem solving. ISSM is at the level lower than the level of Checkland's SSM in the hierarchy and is specially designed for dealing with the soft problem of interests conflict. The soft problem of interests conflict and the Interest Man assumption are ISSM's theoretical foundation. Therefore this paper first, on the basis of phenomenology, researches the implications of interests conflict, soft problem of interests conflict and Interests Man assumption, then presents the ideas that in the soft problem of interests conflict the man is an Interests Man, the interests of Interests Man include not only egotistic but also altruistic aspects and that the game behaviour is the fundamental behaviour of the Interests Man. Afterwards this paper, studies the practical logic stages of ISSM on the basis of these ideas. The key point of ISSM is how to make the accommodations between conflicting interests via the process of interests coordination and game. At the end a case is introduced in that we successfully used the ISSM to direct the implementation of a Knowledge Management (KM) project in an enterprise of China. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenge from the philosophy of scientific practice and New Empiricism
Authors: Tong Wu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this paper the author discusses: (1) the basic characteristics of the concept of Traditional Chinese Systems views, including the concepts of Universalism and unified systems and the concepts of Fundamentalism and Holism systems; (2) the concepts of Pluralistic and local systems embedded in the Philosophy of Scientific Practice and New Empiricism; (3) the necessity of Local Realism to Checkland's Soft Systems Methodology and the significance of social organization and management embedded in the concepts of pluralistic and local systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.