bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Méthodes de calcul du taux d'efficacité des dépenses des investissements
Authors: Sulkowski Czeslaw 
Published: November 2010

En économie planifiée, le calcul économique de l'efficacité des investissements doit tenir compte de paramètres assurant le choix de solutions optimales du point de vue de l'intérêt général. Le paramètre de ce type le plus important est le taux (norme) macroéconomique des dépenses d'investissement, déterminé au niveau central.
Dans cet article, l'auteur rend compte des diverses méthodes de calcul de ce taux et des formules mathématiques utilisées. Il aborde successivement, les méthodes utilisant les courbes de choix des techniques, élaborées par Jan Lipinski, les méthodes utilisant la courbe de production, celles qui sont appliquées quand les courbes de production et de choix des techniques ne sont pas connues et la méthodes des facteurs de solution illustrée par les travaux de L.V. Kantoroviô et V. Novozilov.
Ces diverses conceptions théoriques de recherche du taux standard d'efficacité des dépenses d'investissement ne concernent que les installations nouvelles. Aussi, l'auteur envisage-t-il pour terminer les rapports entre la détermination du taux d'efficacité mentionné ci-dessus et la modernisation des installations anciennes.
Aperçu sur les institutions financières internationales, les mouvements de capitaux et les problèmes monétaires au sein du C.A.E.M. (Comecon)
Authors: Fakiroff Nicolas 
Published: November 2010

An Insight into the International Financial* Institutions, Capital Circulation and Monetary Problems of the C.M.E.A.
The member countries of the C.M.E.A. do not hesitate to make use of the frequent international monetary crises in the Western World to point up the merits of their own system. However, a close examination reveals that the "Socialist Community" itself, is not exempt from monetary difficulties, and ample reference is made to these in the concluding part of Fakiroff's article.
In the first part he describes the workings of the international financial institutions in the C.M.E.A. countries, namely, the International Bank for Economic Cooperation and the International Investment Bank. While the first appears as a sort of clearing house for deposits and multilateral compensations, the second is concerned with banking transactions among firms and channeling available resources toward mutual investments.
Capital circulation within the C.M.E.A. countries is analyzed in the second part of the article, including the main credit agreements concluded between the USSR and the other members of the group, as well as, agreements between member countries among themselves. The author raises the question whether the USSR is not actually becoming the "net importer" of mutual capital.
Pollen‐mediated gene flow in isolated and continuous stands of bur oak, Quercus macrocarpa (Fagaceae)
Authors: Craft Kathleen J. , Ashley Mary V. 
Published: November 2010

• Premise of the study: Pollination patterns determine the reproductive neighborhood size of plants, the connectivity of populations, and the impacts of habitat fragmentation. We characterized pollination in three populations of Quercus macrocarpa occurring in a highly altered landscape in northeastern Illinois to determine whether isolated remnant stands were reproductively isolated.• Methods: We used microsatellites to genotype all adults and 787 acorns from two isolated savanna remnants and a stand in an old‐growth forest. One isolated remnant occurred in a highly urbanized/industrialized landscape, and one occurred in an agricultural landscape. Parentage assignment was used to assess pollen‐mediated gene flow.• Key results: Pollen donors from outside the study sites accounted for between 46% and 53% of paternities and did not differ significantly among sites, indicating that similar high levels of gene flow occurred at all three sites. Within stands, the mean pollination distance ranged from 42 to 70 meters, and when accounting for outside pollinations, mean pollination distances were well over 100 meters. Genetic diversity of incoming pollen was extremely high in all three stands. The number of effective pollen donors, Nep, calculated from paternity assignment was higher than that estimated by an indirect correlated paternity approach.• Conclusions: Our findings indicate that extremely isolated stands of oaks are unlikely to be genetically and reproductively isolated, and remnant stands may contribute to maintaining genetic connectivity in highly modified landscapes.
Geographic variation in reproductive success of Stenocereus thurberi (Cactaceae): Effects of pollination timing and pollinator guild
Authors: Bustamante Enriquena , Casas Alejandro , Búrquez Alberto 
Published: November 2010

• Premise of the study: It has been proposed that species of columnar cacti from dry tropical areas depend on bats for their reproduction, whereas species from dry subtropical areas are also pollinated by other species. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of pollinator guild and of variation in time and space on the reproductive success of a widespread species.• Methods: Changes in fruit set, seed set, and pollinator activity through time were recorded in three widely separated populations of Stenocereus thurberi. Breeding system and sources of pollination limitation were determined by controlled pollinator exclusions in each population.• Key results: Significant differences were found in the timing of activity and in the effectiveness of pollinators among sites. In the northern and central populations, reproductive success depends on bats, whereas in the southern population a combination of pollinators was more effective. No difference between open and hand cross‐pollination treatments was found in the northern and central populations, which suggests no pollen limitation. However, significant differences were detected in the southern population, which indicates temporal differences in pollinator abundance or arrival time.• Conclusions: Local variation in pollinator assemblages and reproductive success could greatly affect the evolution of pollination systems. The pattern of generalist pollination in the southernmost populations and specialized pollination in the central and northern populations contradicts the hypothesis of latitudinal variation. In the absence of nocturnal pollinators, the accumulated nectar can sustain visits by diurnal pollinators, a bet‐hedging strategy that increases the chances of fruit set in some populations.
Analytical Methods for Risk Management: An Engineering Systems Perspective
Authors: Garvey, Paul R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRisk is a driving consideration in decisions that determine how engineering systems are developed, produced, and sustained. Critical to these decisions is an understanding of risk and how it affects the engineering of systems. The process of identifying, measuring, and managing risk is known as risk management. Applied early, risk management can expose potentially crippling areas of risk in the engineering of systems. This provides management time to define and implement corrective strategies. Moreover, risk management can bring realism to technical and managerial decisions that define a system's overall engineering strategy. This paper presents an introduction to processes and analytical practices in the management of risk, as it arises in the engineering of systems. These practices have evolved from a variety of systems engineering projects and initiatives. Traditional engineering systems and risk analysis approaches are discussed.
Estimation of Travel Distance
Authors: Brimberg Jack , Walker John H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this chapter we discuss the use of empirical distance functions in business models. The traditional role of distance functions has been to estimate travel distances or times in a given transportation system. We examine the properties of distance functions that make them useful in this role, and review popular ones such as the Euclidean norm, rectangular (or Manhattan) norm, and the more general weighted ℓpnorm and block norm. Statistical methods used to estimate the parameters of an empirical distance function from actual travel distance data are presented. This includes a review of the various goodness‐of‐fit criteria appearing in the literature, and a discussion of their error term distributions. The usefulness of empirical distance functions in modeling service systems of ever‐increasing size and complexity, and their growing relevance in operational and strategic decision processes, are also investigated. Future areas of research are identified in closing.
3D Morphological Characterization of Phonic Insulation Fibrous Media
Authors: Peyrega Charles , Jeulin Dominique , Delisée Christine , Malvestio Jérôme 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the framework of the Silent Wall ANR project, the CMM and the US2B are associated in order to characterize and to model fibrous media studying 3D images acquired with an X‐Ray microtomograph used by the US2B. The device can make 3D images of maximal size 23043 voxels with resolutions in the range of 2–15 µm. Using mathematical morphology, measurements on the 3D X‐Ray CT images are performed to characterize materials. For example, measuring the covariance on these images of an acoustic insulating material made of wooden fibers highlights the transverse isotropy of the fibers orientations in the xOy planes perpendicular to the compression Oz axis. Moreover, it is possible to extract other morphological properties, such as the size distribution either of the fibers or of the pores by estimating the morphological opening granulometry of the considered medium. Finally the morphological tortuosity of the fibrous and porous networks are estimated from geodesic propagations. The tortuosity is a parameter which can help to link physical, acoustic, and morphological properties of the material. Moreover the effects of the boundary layer, where viscous and thermal damping of the sound take place, are studied from the point of view of the tortuosity.
Efficient and General Continuous‐Flow Hydroarylation and Hydroalkylation of Styrenes
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Bootwicha Teerawut , Sugiono Erli 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA simple and efficient continuous‐flow hydroarylation of arenes and heteroarenes using various styrenes in conjunction with a heterogeneous catalyst has been developed. Additionally, this method has been successfully extended to the hydroalkylation of styrenes by employing 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds as the nucleophile. Multigram quantities of diarylmethanes have been prepared using this new flow method.
Phase behavior analysis for industrial polymerization reactors
Authors: Yuan Zhihong , Chen Bingzhen , Zhao Jinsong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe production of polymer is a very important sector in the chemical processing industry as demand for polymeric materials increases, and these polymerization processes exhibit nonlinear dynamics posing difficulties on process operation and control. It is desirable to understand the relationship between open‐loop controllability and process conditions. The phase behavior that is an open‐loop indicator of the controllability for the methyl methacrylate and propylene polymerization reactor over the entire feasible operating region is determined, and the influences of design/operating parameters and model uncertainties on this inherent characteristic at the design stage are analyzed. Based on zero dynamics and singularity theory, directly in the nonlinear setting, a methodology for the preliminary analysis of the phase behavior over the whole feasible operating region is presented and applied into the above two reactors. The above research results demonstrate that to modify certain parameters in certain direction would improve the controllability and are expected to provide helpful guidelines for improving plant and control system design. This is desirable because it allows identification of the cause of the limitation to give an indication where to modify the design. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 57: 2795–2807, 2011
A reinterpretation of the Odar and Hamilton data on the unsteady equation of motion of particles
Authors: Michaelides Efstathios E. , Roig Adam 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe experimental data and correlations derived by Odar and Hamilton have been the basis of studies that included the history term in the expression of the unsteady drag. Recent studies have shown that the value of the added mass coefficient is constant and equal to ½ over a very large range of Reynolds numbers. Recent studies on the history term have proven that its form is not correct at high Re. However, the experimental data are accurate at low Re and, most probably, they represent the most reliable set of experimental data on the unsteady force on solid spheres. We conducted a study to re‐calculate the functional form of the history term in the unsteady equation of motion at low Re and to derive a new correlation for the so‐called “history force coefficient,” ΔH. The new correlation is expressed in terms of the Reynolds and Strouhal numbers of the particle. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Molecular characterization and clinical features of a patient with an interstitial deletion of 3p25.3‐p26.1
Authors: Gunnarsson Cecilia , Foyn Bruun Cathrine 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDistal chromosome 3p deletions (3p‐ syndrome) are associated with various developmental defects. The majority of cases have a terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3 with loss of either the maternal or the paternal copy. A girl with an interstitial molecularly characterized 1.6 Mb deletion in cytoband 3p25.3‐26.1 of the paternal chromosome 3 is presented. To our knowledge, she possesses the smallest deletion that has ever been reported for a patient with a clinical phenotype in accordance with the 3p‐ syndrome. The boundaries of the deletion lies within nearly all previously reported terminal deletions causing this syndrome. Selected genes that are present in the hemizygous state and which might be important for the phenotype of this patient as regards the congenital heart defect, autistic behavior and mental retardation (CAV3, OXTR, and SRGAP3/MEGAP, respectively) are discussed in context of the clinical features. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A review of interactions between cetaceans and fisheries in the Azores
Authors: Silva Mónica A. , Machete Miguel , Reis Dália , Santos Marco , Prieto Rui , Dâmaso Carla , Pereira João Gil , Santos Ricardo S. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Interactions between cetaceans and fishing activity in the Archipelago of the Azores were examined using information contained in grey literature and previously unpublished data collected by observer programmes and research projects from 1998 to 2006. Together with a brief description of the economics, gear, fishing effort, and past and ongoing monitoring projects, levels of cetacean bycatch and interference were reported for each major fishery.
Cetaceans were present in 7% (n = 973) and interfered in 3% (n = 452) of the fishing events monitored by observers aboard tuna‐fishing vessels. Interference resulted in a significantly higher proportion of events with zero catches but it was also associated with higher tuna catches.
There was a decreasing trend in the proportion of tuna‐fishing events with cetacean presence or interference throughout this study, as well as a reduction in the estimates of dolphins captured annually by the whole fleet.
Observers reported cetacean depredation in 16% of the sets for demersal species and in 2% of the sets for swordfish. Cetacean presence and depredation were associated with higher overall catches and higher catches per unit effort in demersal fisheries. Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were responsible for most depredation events in demersal fisheries, whereas in the swordfish fishery, depredation was associated with the presence of killer whales (Orcinus orca). There were no reports of cetacean bycatch in these fisheries. There were also no reports of cetaceans interacting in the experimental deep‐sea fisheries that were examined.
Available data suggests that levels of interaction between cetaceans and Azorean fisheries are generally low and that the economic impact of cetacean interference is probably small. However, for several traditional fisheries there are no accurate data to determine levels of cetacean interaction. We recommend that existing observer programmes be expanded to increase observer coverage of the demersal and swordfish fisheries and allow monitoring of other existing and emerging fisheries. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum Peptidome Profiling in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Yang Juan , Yang Shuan‐Ying , Hu Xiao‐Yan , Huo Shu‐Fen , Shang Wen‐Li , Li Zong‐Fang , Ni Lei , Wang Ai‐Ying , Guo You‐Min , Song Tu‐Sheng , Chen‐Huang  
Published: November 2010

AbstractSerum peptide profiling is a promising approach for classification of cancer versus noncancer samples. In this study, we aimed to search for discriminating peptide patterns in serum samples between lung cancer patients and healthy controls. The magnetic beads‐based weak cation‐exchange chromatography followed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption and ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) was used in this study to identify patients with lung cancer. In total, serum samples from 64 lung cancer patients (32 for training set and 32 for testing set), 64 healthy controls (32 for training set and 32 for testing set), and 10 COPD patients (for disease control) were analyzed in this study. The mass spectra data analyzed with ClinProTools software was used to distinguish between cancer patients and healthy individuals based on three different algorithm models (GA, SNN, and QC). In the training set, patients with lung cancer could be identified with the mean sensitivity of 98.9% and specificity of100%. Similar results could be obtained from testing set, showing 87% sensitivity and 84.8% specificity. Screening for serum peptide patterns using MALDI‐TOF MS showed high sensitivity and specificity in identifying patients with lung cancer. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intergalactic extinction and the deceleration parameter
Authors: Meinel R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe deceleration parameter q0 is calculated from the relation between apparent magnitudes m of the brightest galaxies in clusters and their redshifts z considering an intergalactic extinction. The calculation is valid for a Friedman universe, homogeneously filled with dust grains, assuming the extinction to be 0.5 mag at z = 1 and a λ−1‐law of extinction (according to Oleak and Schmidt 1976). Using the m,z‐values of Kristian, Sandage, and Westphal (1978) a formal value of q0 ≈︁ 2.1 is obtained instead of q0 ≈︁ 1.6 without consideration of intergalactic extinction.
Drag perturbations of artificial satellite orbits in a spherically symmetrical atmosphere
Authors: Burs L. , Minier Liceul , Pál Á. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe equations characterizing the motion of an artificial satellite in a non‐rotating spherically symmetrical atmosphere are integrated in the assumption of a linear variation of the density scale height with height, and using a new variable instead of the true anomaly. The secular perturbations in the semi‐major axis and eccentricity are deduced.
Parameter estimation following an adaptive treatment selection trial design
Authors: Luo Xiaolong , Wu Samuel S. , Xiong Jie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTwo‐stage, drop‐the‐losers designs for adaptive treatment selection have been considered by many authors. The distributions of conditional sufficient statistics and the Rao–Blackwell technique were used to obtain an unbiased estimate and to construct an exact confidence interval for the parameter of interest. In this paper, we characterize the selection process from a binomial drop‐the‐losers design using a truncated binomial distribution. We propose a new estimator and show that it is asymptotically consistent with a large sample size in either the first stage or the second stage. Supported by simulation analyses, we recommend the new estimator over the naive estimator and the Rao–Blackwell‐type estimator based on its robustness in the finite‐sample setting. We frame the concept as a simple and easily implemented procedure for phase 2 oncology trial design that can be confirmatory in nature, and we use an example to illustrate its application.
Effect of polyethylene glycol-based preservation solutions on graft injury in experimental kidney transplantation
Authors: Thuillier R , Renard C , Rogel-Gaillard C , Demars J , Milan D , Forestier L , Ouldmoulene A , Goujon J M , Badet L , Hauet T 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
New preservation solutions are emerging, of various ionic compositions and with hydroxyethyl starch replaced by polymers such as polyethylene glycols (PEGs), offering the potential for ‘immunocamouflage’. This experimental study investigated which of three clinically available preservation protocols offered the best graft protection, based on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis.

Methods
Kidneys were preserved for 24 h at 4 °C with University of Wisconsin solution (UW) as standard, compared with solutions containing either 1 g/l PEG 35 kDa (Institute Georges Lopez solution, IGL) or 30g/l PEG 20 kDa (solution de conservation des organes et des tissus, SCOT). Animals were followed for up to 3 months and development of EMT, tubular atrophy and fibrosis was evaluated in comparison with sham-operated animals.

Results
Functional recovery was better in the SCOT group compared with the other groups. Chronic fibrosis, EMT and inflammation were observed in the UW and IGL groups, but limited in the SCOT group. Levels of profibrosis markers such as transforming growth factor β1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and connective tissue growth factor were increased in IGL and UW groups compared with the SCOT group. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α and 2α expression was increased at 3 months in grafts preserved in UW and IGL, but detected transiently on day 14 when SCOT was used. Expression of HIF-regulated genes vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin was increased in UW and IGL groups.

Conclusion
The choice of colloid and ionic content is paramount in providing long-term protection against chronic graft injury after renal transplantation. Preservation solutions based on PEGs may optimize graft quality.
Halide‐Guided Oligo(aryl‐triazole‐amide)s Foldamers: Receptors for Multiple Halide Ions
Authors: Wang Ying , Xiang Junfeng , Jiang Hua 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe synthesized and characterized a series of oligo(phenyl‐amide‐triazole)s that can fold into a helical conformation guided by halide ions. Their binding models and affinities are highly dependent on the length of the foldamer, media and the inducing capability of halide ions. The short foldamer with one helical turn shows a 1:1 binding stoichiometry to all halides, while the longer foldamer with two or three helical turns in principle can form 1:2 complexes with chloride anions even bromide anions with an enhancement on binding affinities. A result of quantitative NOE calculations imply that the longer foldamer should increase its helical pitch so as to release the electrostatic repulsion between halide ions.