bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast food and neighborhood stroke risk
Authors: Morgenstern Lewis B. , Escobar James D. , Sánchez Brisa N. , Hughes Rebecca , Zuniga Belinda G. , Garcia Nelda , Lisabeth Lynda D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between the number of fast food restaurants and ischemic stroke in neighborhoods.MethodsThis work was a prespecified part of the Brain Attack in Corpus Christi (BASIC) project. Ischemic stroke cases were prospectively ascertained in Nueces County, Texas. Home addresses were geocoded and used to establish the census tract for each stroke case. Census tracts were used as proxies for neighborhoods (n = 64). Using a standard definition, fast food restaurants were identified from a commercial list. Poisson regression was used to study the association between the number of fast food restaurants in the neighborhood, using a 1‐mile buffer around each census tract, and the risk of stroke in the neighborhood. Models were adjusted for demographics and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES).ResultsThere were 1,247 completed ischemic strokes from January 2000 through June 2003 and 262 fast food restaurants. The median number of fast food restaurants per census tract including buffer was 22 (interquartile range, 12–33). Adjusting for neighborhood demographics and SES, the association of fast food restaurants with stroke was significant (p = 0.02). The association suggested that the risk of stroke in a neighborhood increased by 1% for every fast food restaurant (relative risk, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.01). The relative risk of stroke comparing neighborhoods in the 75th to the 25th percentile of the distribution of fast food restaurants was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.02–1.25).InterpretationControlling for demographic and SES factors, there was a significant association between fast food restaurants and stroke risk in neighborhoods in this community‐based study. Ann Neurol 2009;66:165–170
A novel recessive Nefl mutation causes a severe, early‐onset axonal neuropathy
Authors: Yum Sabrina W. , Zhang Junxian , Mo Katie , Li Jian , Scherer Steven S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo report the first cases of a homozygous recessive mutation in NEFL, the gene that encodes the light subunit of neurofilaments.MethodsClinical and electrophysiologic data were evaluated, and a sural nerve biopsy from one affected child was examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The ability of the mutant protein to form filaments was characterized in an established cell culture system.ResultsFour of five siblings developed of a severe, progressive neuropathy beginning in early childhood. Serial nerve conduction studies showed progressively reduced amplitudes with age and pronounced slowing at all ages. Visual‐evoked responses were slowed in three children, indicating that central nervous system axons were subclinically involved. All four affected children were homozygous for a nonsense mutation at glutamate 210 (E210X) in the NEFL gene; both parents were heterozygous carriers. A sural nerve biopsy from an affected patient showed markedly reduced numbers of myelinated axons; the remaining myelinated axons were small and lacked intermediate filaments. The E210X mutant protein did not form an intermediate filament network and did not interfere with the filament formation by wild‐type human light subunit of neurofilaments in SW‐13 vim− cells.InterpretationThis is the first demonstration of a recessive NEFL mutation, which appears to cause a simple loss of function, resulting in a severe, early‐onset axonal neuropathy with unique features. These results confirm that neurofilaments are the main determinant of axonal caliber and conduction velocity, and demonstrate for the first time that neurofilaments are required for the maintenance of myelinated peripheral nervous system axons. Ann Neurol 2009;66:759–770
Comparing bibliometric statistics obtained from the Web of Science and Scopus
Authors: Archambault Éric , Campbell David , Gingras Yves , Larivière Vincent 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFor more than 40 years, the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI, now part of Thomson Reuters) produced the only available bibliographic databases from which bibliometricians could compile large‐scale bibliometric indicators. ISI's citation indexes, now regrouped under the Web of Science (WoS), were the major sources of bibliometric data until 2004, when Scopus was launched by the publisher Reed Elsevier. For those who perform bibliometric analyses and comparisons of countries or institutions, the existence of these two major databases raises the important question of the comparability and stability of statistics obtained from different data sources. This paper uses macrolevel bibliometric indicators to compare results obtained from the WoS and Scopus. It shows that the correlations between the measures obtained with both databases for the number of papers and the number of citations received by countries, as well as for their ranks, are extremely high (R2 ≈ .99). There is also a very high correlation when countries' papers are broken down by field. The paper thus provides evidence that indicators of scientific production and citations at the country level are stable and largely independent of the database.
How to normalize cooccurrence data? An analysis of some well‐known similarity measures
Authors: Eck Nees Jan van , Waltman Ludo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn scientometric research, the use of cooccurrence data is very common. In many cases, a similarity measure is employed to normalize the data. However, there is no consensus among researchers on which similarity measure is most appropriate for normalization purposes. In this article, we theoretically analyze the properties of similarity measures for cooccurrence data, focusing in particular on four well‐known measures: the association strength, the cosine, the inclusion index, and the Jaccard index. We also study the behavior of these measures empirically. Our analysis reveals that there exist two fundamentally different types of similarity measures, namely, set‐theoretic measures and probabilistic measures. The association strength is a probabilistic measure, while the cosine, the inclusion index, and the Jaccard index are set‐theoretic measures. Both our theoretical and our empirical results indicate that cooccurrence data can best be normalized using a probabilistic measure. This provides strong support for the use of the association strength in scientometric research.
Universality of citation distributions–A validation of Radicchi et al.'s relative indicator cf = c/c0 at the micro level using data from chemistry
Authors: Bornmann Lutz , Daniel Hans‐Dieter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn a recently published PNAS paper, Radicchi, Fortunato, and Castellano (2008) propose the relative indicator cf as an unbiased indicator for citation performance across disciplines (fields, subject areas). To calculate cf, the citation rate for a single paper is divided by the average number of citations for all papers in the discipline in which the single paper has been categorized. cf values are said to lead to a universality of discipline‐specific citation distributions. Using a comprehensive dataset of an evaluation study on Angewandte Chemie International Edition (AC‐IE), we tested the advantage of using this indicator in practical application at the micro level, as compared with (1) simple citation rates, and (2) z‐scores, which have been used in psychological testing for many years for normalization of test scores. To calculate z‐scores, the mean number of citations of the papers within a discipline is subtracted from the citation rate of a single paper, and the difference is then divided by the citations' standard deviation for a discipline. Our results indicate that z‐scores are better suited than cf values to produce universality of discipline‐specific citation distributions.
Crystal and molecular structure of β‐cyclodextrins functionalized with the anti‐inflammatory drug Etodolac
Authors: Puglisi Antonino , Rizzarelli Enrico , Vecchio Graziella , Iacovino Rosa , Benedetti Ettore , Pedone Carlo , Saviano Michele 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe conjugates of β‐cyclodextrins with R‐ or with S‐Etodolac were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and S‐Etodolac alone was characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis. In solution, the R‐Etodolac conjugate is soluble in water; the other epimer shows a very low solubility. The NMR characterization of the R‐Etodolac conjugate in D2O shows that, in aqueous solution, the Edotolac moiety is self‐included in the cavity, while the NMR characterization in MeOH of both conjugates underlines that, in this solvent, the Etodolac moiety is not included in the CD cavity. The X‐ray structure determination of the S‐Etodolac conjugate reveals a “sleeping swan”‐like shape, with the covalently bonded Etodolac moiety being folded with the 8‐ethyl group inserted inside the hydrophobic cavity of the β‐CD ring. The terminal methyl group of the 8‐ethyl group enters the centre of cavity from the side of the primary hydroxyl groups and is buried inside the β‐CD macrocycle. The terminal methyl group is positioned at a distance of 1.06 Å from the O(4) plane in the side of the primary hydroxyl groups. In addition to van der Waals interactions between the hydrophobic ethyl group and the β‐CD cavity, the folded conformation is further stabilized by one intramolecular H‐bond involving the indole N–H group and the primary hydroxyl group of the glucose unit 7. Along the b axis, the β‐CD molecules are arranged in columns; the macrocycles form a herring bone pattern, so that the cavity of each β‐CD molecule is closed at each end by neighboring molecules. Within the layers, the β‐CD macrocycles are held together by a complicated intermolecular hydrogen bond network, in which numerous water molecules and hydroxyl groups are involved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 1227–1235, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
On line internet‐based multi‐location power system harmonics analysis and monitoring
Authors: Lin Hsiung Cheng 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTraditional methods to measure power system harmonics employ the power harmonic analyzer or a software package, such as Matlab or others, but they do have certain limitations in the graphical programming environment, applications for remote monitoring and control performance and for multi‐point harmonic measurement. In this paper, a PC‐based virtual instrument (VI) based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to implement a remote multi‐point power system harmonics analysis and monitoring using LabVIEW is proposed. The nearby PC (Server) can collect real‐time waveform data from different multi‐locations and transmit it to remote PCs (Clients) for on line harmonic analysis and monitoring via the Internet. The history of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in the waveform signals from remote locations can be also recorded and tracked in the data base. The strategies and guidelines are also developed to enhance teaching and/or learning the basics of operating Internet‐based systems. Experimental results have testified its well performance and remote Web‐based capability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 241–252, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20175
Simulation of Ward Leonard test set and induction motor on MATLAB for teaching performance characteristics of induction motor to undergraduate students
Authors: Vahidi B. , Bank Tavakoli M. R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAccurate knowledge of an induction motor performance is very essential to have an idea of its operation conditions. The aim of this article is to present an approach for teaching the concept of electric machines laboratory using specially designed exercises that can be done using MATLAB‐SIMULINK. This article present a MATLAB based technology to simulate Ward Leonard test set to analyze performance characteristics of induction motor. Evaluation of the simulation with more than 40 students is very positive in terms of their developing confidence in and understanding the test and theoretical concepts. By using the simulator, four groups of students are tested via designed question sheets to determine the effectiveness of the method for teaching induction motor performance concept. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 224–233, 2011
Femoral bifurcation disease: Balloon or knife
Authors: Bosiers Marc , Deloose Koen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractArterial occlusive disease at the level of the femoral bifurcation mostly occurs in combination with inflow and/or outflow lesions. Surgical endarterectomy of the femoral bifurcation is a well‐proven low‐risk and easy surgical intervention with known durable success, while, although proven to be safe, evidence is lacking about the durability of the endovascular approach. Based on the evidence at hand, the surgical approach should be recommended for the vast majority of patients and the endovascular approach should only be indicated as the first strategy in selected cases presenting with factors that might compromise the outcome of surgery in the groin. If feasible, the hybrid approach with endarterectomy at the level of the bifurcation and endovascular repair of the inflow and outflow lesions is preferred in patients with multilevel disease. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Racial disparities and treatment trends in a large cohort of elderly black and white patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Hardy Dale , Liu Chih‐Chin , Xia Rui , Cormier Janice N. , Chan Wenyaw , White Arica , Burau Keith , Du Xianglin L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:This study investigated whether there was a significant gap in receipt of treatment for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between blacks and whites, and whether the gap or disparity changed during the past 12 years from 1991 to 2002.METHODS:The study population consisted of 83,101 patients including 75,141 (90.4%) whites and 7960 (9.6%) blacks aged ≥65 years who were diagnosed with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages I‐IV NSCLC identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program's Medicare database. Age‐adjusted and sex‐adjusted rates and crude and adjusted odds ratios for receiving appropriate stage‐specific treatment of NSCLC were reported.RESULTS:For stages I‐II NSCLC combined, blacks were 37% less likely (OR, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55‐0.73) to receive surgery, 42% less likely (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36‐0.92) to receive chemotherapy, and for stages III‐IV combined, 57% less likely (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.30‐0.61) to receive chemotherapy compared with whites. Older patients, women, and those in lower socioeconomic quartiles had greater disparities in receipt of treatment compared with the highest income quartile. Disparity trends were not significantly narrowed during the past 12 years between blacks and whites for receipt of the above treatments.CONCLUSIONS:There have been substantial disparities in receiving recommended treatments between blacks and whites, and these disparities have been relatively stable without a significant trend of narrowing during the past 12 years. Efforts should focus on providing appropriate quality treatment and educating blacks on the value of having these treatments to reduce these disparities in receipt of treatment for NSCLC. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Breast and prostate cancer survival in Michigan
Authors: Meliker Jaymie R. , Goovaerts Pierre , Jacquez Geoffrey M. , AvRuskin Gillian A. , Copeland Glenn 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Racial disparities in survival from breast and prostate cancer are well established; however, the roles of societal/socioeconomic factors and innate/genetic factors in explaining the disparities remain unclear. One approach for evaluating the relative importance of societal and innate factors is to quantify how the magnitude of racial disparities changes according to the geographic scales at which data are aggregated. Disappearance of racial disparities for some levels of aggregation would suggest that modifiable factors not inherent at the individual level are responsible for the disparities.METHODS:The Michigan Cancer Surveillance Program compiled a dataset from 1985 to 2002 that included 124,218 breast cancer cases and 120,615 prostate cancer cases with 5‐year survival rates of 78% and 75%, respectively. Absolute and relative differences in survival rates for whites and blacks were quantified across different geographic scales using statistics that adjusted for population size to account for the small numbers problem common with minority populations.RESULTS:Whites experienced significantly higher survival rates for prostate and breast cancer compared with blacks throughout much of southern Michigan in analyses conducted using federal House legislative districts; however, in smaller geographic units (state House legislative districts and community‐defined neighborhoods), disparities diminished and virtually disappeared.CONCLUSIONS:The current results suggest that modifiable societal factors are responsible for apparent racial disparities in breast and prostate cancer survival observed at larger geographic scales. This research presents a novel strategy for taking advantage of inconsistencies across geographic scales to evaluate the relative importance of innate and societal‐level factors in explaining racial disparities in cancer survival. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Cytomorphologic features of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Bongiovanni Massimo , Bloom Leonard , Krane Jeffrey F. , Baloch Zubair W. , Powers Celeste N. , Hintermann Suzanne , Pache Jean‐Claude , Faquin William C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is an uncommon and aggressive malignancy. Despite the significant clinical implications of a diagnosis of PDTC, its cytomorphologic features have not been well defined. Statistical analysis was applied to a series of 40 PDTCs to identify a specific set of cytomorphologic features that characterized these tumors on fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB).METHODS:In total, 40 thyroid FNABs that were highly diagnosed histologically as PDTC (19 insular carcinomas and 21 noninsular carcinomas) comprised the study group. A control group of 40 well differentiated thyroid neoplasms were selected for comparison. All FNABs were reviewed and scored for a series of 32 cytomorphologic features. The results were evaluated using univariate and stepwise logistic regression (SLR) analyses.RESULTS:In univariate analysis, 17 cytomorphologic features were identified that characterized the 40 PDTCs: insular, solid, or trabecular cytoarchitecture (P < .001); high cellularity (P = .007); necrosis (P = .025) or background debris (P = .025); plasmacytoid appearance (P = .0007); single cells (P < .0001); high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio (P < .0001); scant cytoplasm (P = .03); nuclear atypia (P < .0001), including nuclear pleomorphism (P = .0052) and anisokaryosis (P < .0001); granular/coarse chromatin (P = .026); naked nuclei (P = .01); mitotic activity (P = .0001) and apoptosis (P < .0001); endothelial wrapping (P = .0053); and severe crowding (P < .0001). In logistic regression analysis, severe crowding (P = .0008) and cytoarchitecture (P < .0001) were identified as the most significant cytomorphologic features of PDTCs, and the combination of cytoarchitecture, severe crowding, single cells, and high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio was the most predictive of PDTC.CONCLUSIONS:PDTCs have characteristic cytomorphologic features. By using logistic regression analysis, the features that were identified as the most predictive of PDTC were severe crowding, insular/solid/trabecular morphology, single cells, and high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of ImmunoCyt, UroVysion, and urine cytology in detection of recurrent urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Sullivan Peggy S. , Nooraie Farzad , Sanchez Hope , Hirschowitz Sharon , Levin Mary , Rao P. Nagesh , Rao Jianyu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:ImmunoCyt (uCyt) and UroVysion are ancillary studies that may aid in the detection of urothelial carcinoma in urine specimens. We compared ImmunoCyt and UroVysion to urine cytology in the ability to detect recurrent urothelial carcinoma.METHODS:Single voided urine samples were obtained from 100 patients who had a previous history of bladder cancer. All patients underwent cystoscopy immediately after urine sample collection. Forty‐one cystoscopically suspicious lesions were biopsied. Urine samples were divided and processed blindly and independently in 3 different laboratories for ImmunoCyt, UroVysion, and urine cytology (ThinPrep method).RESULTS:Of the 41 cystoscopically positive cases, most cystoscopy findings showed multiple tumors that were papillary and less than 1 cm. Biopsies showed many low‐grade tumors (54%). Overall sensitivity of cytology for low‐ and high‐grade urothelial cell carcinoma was 15% and 27%, whereas ImmunoCyt was 62% and 91% and UroVysion was 8% and 18%, respectively. Overall specificity of cytology was 97%, whereas ImmunoCyt was 63% and UroVysion was 90%.CONCLUSIONS:ImmunoCyt is more sensitive than either cytology or UroVysion in detecting low‐grade tumors. Both cytology and UroVysion have comparable specificity in cystoscopically negative cases. Whereas ImmunoCyt may improve the cytological detection of recurrent bladder cancer, UroVysion may be used as a confirmatory test for either cytology or ImmunoCyt. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Early psychotherapy processes: An examination of client and trainee clinician perspective convergence
Authors: Swift Joshua , Callahan Jennifer 
Published: April 2009

AbstractConvergence in the therapist–client dyad has been hypothesized to play an important role in the development of the therapeutic relationship and in successful therapy outcomes. Further, understanding the client's views and opinions of treatment has been identified as a critical skill for therapists in training to learn in order to reach professional competency in conducting psychotherapy. This study assessed convergence for 151 trainee therapist–client dyads on the identification of goals and tasks of treatment and on ratings of the therapeutic relationship, effectiveness of therapy and the client's current coping ability with life stressors. Results indicated that trainee therapists' and clients' ratings were significantly correlated; however, trainee therapists were more negative in their ratings of the relationship and progress of treatment and matched their clients' goals for treatment only 31.1% of the time. Training and practice implications are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.