bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrophilanthropy, WASH, and Experiential Learning in Developing Countries
Authors: Campana Michael E. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:Two different and unrelated programs are described, one undergraduate and one graduate, that: 1) introduced students to water research and WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) issues in developing countries; 2) injected developing countries’ WASH issues into a university graduate water resources program; and 3) introduced hydrophilanthropy, defined as the altruistic concern for the water, sanitation, and related needs of humankind, as manifested by donations of labor, money, or resources. From 2002 through 2004, a National Science Foundation summer Research Experience for Undergraduates program hosted by University of Notre Dame with University of Nevada‐Reno and University of New Mexico took undergraduates to developing countries (Haiti, Benin, Chile, Honduras) to conduct water research. From 2001 through 2005, the field course for University of New Mexico's water resources degree was conducted in Honduras. Students helped construct village water systems. Suggestions and caveats for those interested in similar trips are provided.
Obesity and Access to Chain Grocers
Authors: Chen Susan , Florax Raymond J. G. M. , Snyder Samantha , Miller Christopher C. 
Published: September 2010

abstractRecent empirical work in the obesity literature has highlighted the role of the built environment and its potential influence in the increasing prevalence of obesity in adults and children. One feature of the built environment that has gained increasing attention is the role of access to chain grocers and their impact on body mass index (BMI). The assessment of the impacts of spatial access to chain grocers on BMI is complicated by two empirical regularities in the data. There is evidence that health outcomes such as BMI are clustered in space and that there is spatial dependence across individuals. In this article, we use an econometric model that takes into account the spatial dependence, and we allow the effect of access to differ for a person depending on whether he or she lives in a low‐income community or peer group. We categorize this community using the characteristics of the people who immediately surround the individual rather than using census tracts. Using georeferenced survey data on adults in Marion County, Indiana, we find that the effect of improvements in chain grocer access on BMI varies depending on community characteristics.
Activity of an Antimicrobial Hydrocephalus Shunt Catheter against
Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Bayston Roger , Vera Litza , Ashraf Waheed 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Shunt infection is a major complication affecting approximately 10% of procedures.
Propionibacterium acnes
, an anaerobic skin bacterium, is increasingly recognized as a shunt pathogen, causing up to 14% of infections. Though susceptible to penicillin and cephalosporins,
P. acnes
shunt infections are not preventable by means of perioperative prophylaxis, due to poor cerebrospinal fluid penetration. Antimicrobial shunts with activity against staphylococci are available, but their activity against
P. acnes
is unknown, and the study was designed to determine this. Three methods of evaluation were used in order to determine the emergence of resistance when exposure is to high inocula for long periods, the time taken to kill 100% of the bacteria attached to the shunt, and the duration of activity under constant flow conditions with repeated bacterial challenge. Despite repeated exposure to high bacterial inocula over 70 days, no resistance was seen. The time taken to kill all attached bacteria, 96 h, was twice that taken to kill attached staphylococci. Nevertheless, under constant flow conditions with repeated challenges, the antimicrobial catheters resisted colonization by
P. acnes
for 56 days. Using tests that were designed to be clinically predictive when done together, the results suggest that the antimicrobial catheters will be able to prevent colonization of hydrocephalus shunts by
P. acnes
.
FKS
Mutations and Elevated Echinocandin MIC Values among
Candida glabrata
Isolates from U.S. Population-Based Surveillance
Authors: Zimbeck Alicia J. , Iqbal Naureen , Ahlquist Angela M. , Farley Monica M. , Harrison Lee H. , Chiller Tom , Lockhart Shawn R. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Candida glabrata
is the second leading cause of candidemia in the United States. Its high-level resistance to triazole antifungal drugs has led to the increased use of the echinocandin class of antifungal agents for primary therapy of these infections. We monitored
C. glabrata
bloodstream isolates from a population-based surveillance study for elevated echinocandin MIC values (MICs of ≥0.25 μg/ml). From the 490
C. glabrata
isolates that were screened, we identified 16 isolates with an elevated MIC value (2.9% of isolates from Atlanta and 2.0% of isolates from Baltimore) for one or more of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin. All of the isolates with elevated MIC values had a mutation in the previously identified hot spot 1 of either the glucan synthase
FKS1
(
n
= 2) or
FKS2
(
n
= 14) gene. No mutations were detected in hot spot 2 of either
FKS1
or
FKS2
. The predominant mutation was mutation of
FKS2
-encoded serine 663 to proline (S663P), found in 10 of the isolates with elevated echinocandin MICs. Two of the mutations, R631G for
FKS1
and R665G for
FKS2
, have not been reported previously for
C. glabrata.
Multilocus sequence typing indicated that the predominance of the S663P mutation was not due to the clonal spread of a single sequence type. With a rising number of echinocandin therapy failures reported, it is important to continue to monitor rates of elevated echinocandin MIC values and the associated mutations.
Potential Influence of More-Sensitive HIV-1 Load Detection by the new Roche Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan Version 2.0 Assay on Clinical Management of HIV-Positive Pregnant Women
Authors: de Boer M. G. J. , Wessels E. , Claas E. C. J. , Kroon F. P. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT
With the introduction of the new Roche Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan version 2.0 assay, HIV-1 viral loads will be detected more frequently during the peripartum period in pregnant HIV-positive women. The implications for the clinical management of these patients are discussed in this paper.
Ischaemic heart disease assessment by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Raj Vimal , Agrawal S K 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) related mortality has been on the decline, although its prevalence has been on the rise since the late 1970s. One of the contributing factors to this decline has been improved diagnosis and therapeutic management. Every clinician seeks to answer four key questions while evaluating patients with suspected or known IHD: What is the global ventricular function? What is the regional ventricular function? Is the myocardium viable? What is the status of the coronary arteries? In the past decade cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has emerged as an important clinical technique with the potential of answering all the pertinent questions in a single study. This has led to a significant increase in demand and utilisation of this modality. However, many clinicians are not well versed with this technology, its clinical utility, limitations and future prospects. With the increasing prevalence of IHD, CMR imaging is likely to be used more often in its diagnosis, prognostication and management. The review describes the basic principles and practical aspects of CMR imaging, and then discusses in detail the role of CMR in the diagnosis and management of IHD, its complications, and its utility in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Republished paper: Arterial stiffness in chronic kidney disease: causes and consequences
Authors: Chue Colin D , Townend Jonathan N , Steeds Richard P , Ferro Charles J 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, and heart failure and arrhythmias are the biggest causes of cardiovascular death in this population. Increased arterial stiffness is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease and is associated with adverse alterations in cardiac structure and function that may predispose to an increased risk of cardiovascular death. These changes are already apparent in early kidney disease, which is highly prevalent in the developed world. The mechanisms underlying increased arterial stiffness in chronic kidney disease are undoubtedly complex, but an understanding is paramount to enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse this pathophysiology and therefore reduce the cardiovascular disease burden in this high-risk cohort.
Sedimentary basin tectonics from the Black Sea and Caucasus to the Arabian Platform: introduction
Authors: Sosson Marc , Kaymakci Nuretdin , Stephenson Randell , Bergerat Françoise , Starostenko Vitaly 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The Palaeozoic to recent evolution of the Tethys system gave way to the largest mountain chain of the world extending from the Atlantic to Pacific oceans – the Alpine–Himalayan Mountain chain, which is still developing as a result of collision and northwards convergence of continental blocks including Apulia in the west, the Afro-Arabian Plate in the middle and the Indian Plate in the east. This Special Publication addresses the main problems of the middle part of this system incorporating the Balkans, Black Sea and Greater Caucasus in the north and the Afro-Arabian Plate in the south. Since the Early Mesozoic a number of small to large scale oceanic basins opened and closed as the intervening continental fragments drifted northwards and diachronously collided with and accreted to the southern margin of the Eurasian Plate. Despite the remarkable consequences of this, in terms of subduction, obduction and orogenic processes, little is known about the timing and palaeogeographic evolution of the region. This includes the amounts of shortening and interplay between synconvergent extension and compression, development of magmatic arc and arc-related basins and the timing and mechanism of their deformation. The chapters presented in this Special Publication present new information that help to fill some of the gaps of the puzzle.
Cenozoic-Recent tectonics and uplift in the Greater Caucasus: a perspective from Azerbaijan
Authors: Mosar Jon , Kangarli Talat , Bochud Martin , Glasmacher Ulrich A. , Rast Annick , Brunet Marie-Francoise , Sosson Marc 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The Greater Caucasus is Europe's highest mountain belt and results from the inversion of the Greater Caucasus back-arc-type basin due to the collision of Arabia and Eurasia. The orogenic processes that led to the present mountain chain started in the Early Cenozoic, accelerated during the Plio-Pleistocene, and are still active as shown from present GPS studies and earthquake distribution. The Greater Caucasus is a doubly verging fold-and-thrust belt, with a pro- and a retro wedge actively propagating into the foreland sedimentary basin of the Kura to the south and the Terek to the north, respectively. Based on tectonic geomorphology – active and abandoned thrust fronts – the mountain range can be subdivided into several zones with different uplift amounts and rates with very heterogeneous strain partitioning. The central part of the mountain range – defined by the Main Caucasus Thrust to the south and backthrusts to the north – forms a triangular-shape zone showing the highest uplift and fastest rates, and is due to thrusting over a steep tectonic ramp system at depth. The meridional orogenic in front of the Greater Caucasus in Azerbaijan lies at the foothills of the Lesser Caucasus, to the south of the Kura foreland basin.
The Armenian Ophiolite: insights for Jurassic back-arc formation, Lower Cretaceous hot spot magmatism and Upper Cretaceous obduction over the South Armenian Block
Authors: Rolland Y. , Galoyan G. , Sosson M. , Melkonyan R. , Avagyan A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Similar geological, petrological, geochemical and age features are found in various Armenian ophiolitic massifs (Sevan, Stepanavan and Vedi). These data argue for the presence of a single large ophiolite unit obducted on the South Armenian Block (SAB). Lherzolite Ophiolite type rock assemblages evidence a Lower–Middle Jurassic slow-spreading rate. The lavas and gabbros have a hybrid geochemical composition intermediate between arc and Mid Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB) signatures which suggest they were probably formed in a back-arc basin. This oceanic sequence is overlain by pillowed alkaline lavas emplaced in marine conditions. Their geochemical composition is similar to plateau-lavas. Finally, this thickened oceanic crust is overlain by Upper Cretaceous calc-alkaline lavas likely formed in a supra-subduction zone environment. The age of the ophiolite is constrained by
40
Ar/
39
Ar dating experiments provided a magmatic crystallization age of 178.7±2.6 Ma, and further evidence of greenschist facies crystallization during hydrothermal alteration until
c
. 155 Ma. Thus, top-to-the-south obduction likely initiated along the margin of the back-arc domain, directly south of the Vedi oceanic crust, and was transported as a whole on the SAB in the Coniacian times (88–87 Ma). Final closure of the basin is Late Cretaceous in age (73–71 Ma) as dated by metamorphic rocks.
Late Cretaceous to Recent kinematics of SE Anatolia (Turkey)
Authors: Kaymakci N. , Inceöz M. , Ertepinar P. , Koç A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Five different deformation phases have been recognized in the SE Anatolian orogen and the Arabian Platform based on palaeostress inversion studies using fault-slip data sets. The timing and duration of these phases are determined using various criteria including the age of the affected strata, syndepositional structures, cross-cutting structures and overprinting slickensides. The oldest deformation phase is characterized generally by NE–SW-directed extension. The extension is thought to have resulted from slab-roll back processes during the Maastrichtian to Middle Eocene interval (
c
. 60 Ma to 40–35 Ma). The second deformation phase is characterized by east–west to NW–SE-directed compression and thought to result from cessation of roll-back processes possibly due to subduction of younger oceanic crust or increase in the convergence rate between Africa and Eurasia during the post-Middle Eocene to Late Oligocene interval (
c
. 40–35 Ma to 25 Ma). The third deformation phase is characterized by east–west to NW–SE-directed extension possibly due to slab detachment that initiated in Iran and migrated westwards during the latest Oligocene to Middle Miocene period (25–11 Ma). The fourth deformation phase is characterized by approximately north–south-directed compression due to collision and further northwards indentation of Arabian Plate by the end of Middle Miocene (11–3.5 Ma). The fifth and present deformation phase is characterized by NE–SW compression which might result from tectonic re-organization in the region since the Middle Pliocene (
c
. 3.5 Ma to recent).
Alpine high pressure evolution of the eastern Bitlis complex, SE Turkey
Authors: Oberhänsli R. , Candan O. , Bousquet R. , Rimmele G. , Okay A. , Goff J. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The Bitlis complex, SE Anatolia, constitutes a crystalline complex derived from the north of the Arabian Plate, accreted to the South Armenian block. Metamorphic studies in the cover sequences of the Bitlis complex allow constraining the thermal evolution of the massif by metamorphic index minerals. A regionally distributed low temperature-high pressure (LT-HP) metamorphic evolution is documented by glaucophane, relics of carpholite in chloritoid-bearing schists and pseudomorphs after aragonite in marbles. The metamorphic age of these HP assemblages is constrained by Ar isotope dating as 74±2 Ma. This indicates that (i) the Bitlis complex represents a terrane detached from the Arabian indenter that was subducted and stacked to form a nappe complex during the closure of the Neo-Tethys and (ii) that during Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic evolution the Bitlis complex never underwent temperatures over 450 °C. The consequences of the metamorphic evolution of the Bitlis complex (a cold continental block within a hot environment) for the Eastern Anatolian plateau are complied in a crustal section.
Seismic sequence stratigraphy, structure and subsidence history of the Romanian Black Sea shelf
Authors: Konerding Catalina , Dinu Corneliu , Wong How Kin 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The Black Sea is an extensional back-arc basin developed along the northern active margin of the Tethys Ocean which was subducted northward from the Triassic to Miocene times. The Romanian Black Sea shelf is dominated by mid-Cretaceous extensional structures and their sedimentary cover, subsequently affected by Cenozoic compression. Here we analyse the post-Oligocene structural and sedimentological evolution of the shelf, based on Romanian oil industry data consisting of (1) 5300 line-km reflection seismic profiles situated on the shelf and continental slope; and (2) depth and lithostratigraphic information from 60 boreholes on the shelf. Our study provides evidence for a changing evolution of the shelf during a relatively short period of time directly related to the pre-Miocene period and the evolution of the Romanian onshore. Mio-Pleistocene subsidence of the Romanian Black Sea shelf is highly variable and is directly dependent on sediment input, tectonic activity as well as water-level fluctuations. Subsidence during the Badenian–Sarmatian and the Dacian–Quaternary was limited. In contrast, during the Pontian, shelf subsidence was progressively faster in the basinward direction. Subsidence on the outer shelf was much more significant than elsewhere on the shelf. Tectonically, the most active period during the Mio-Pleistocene was the Pontian. The Badenian–Sarmatian was largely quiescent and the Dacian–Quaternary saw a decrease in the Pontian tectonic activity, coming possibly even to a halt. From a sequence-stratigraphical point of view, eight systems tracts were identified for the Mio-Pleistocene sedimentary section. The Badenian-Sarmatian unit was attributed to a HST (highstand systems tract). The Pontian unit was subdivided into P1, P2, P3 and P4. Subunit P1, which was laid down on the slope at the time of deposition, is progradational and attributable to the lowstand wedge of a LST (lowstand systems tract). Subunit P2 is likewise also attributed to a LST, having the continental slope and the deep basin as palaeo-depositional environments. The reflection terminations and the wedge-shape of P3 suggest that it was deposited in the deep basin during a sea level lowstand. The next transgressive systems tract (TST) and HST developed during the deposition of P4. The boundary between P4 and the Dacian is represented by an erosional hiatus, which comprises the LST that follows the formation of the sequence boundary at the end of the Pontian. During the Dacian–Quaternary, the subsequent TST and HST were deposited on the inner and middle shelves. Sedimentation on the Romanian shelf during the Mio-Pleistocene period was thus strongly influenced by sediment input and subsidence, while sea level fluctuations played a lesser role. As sediment input is related to the evolution of the adjacent land and subsidence is dependent on sediment supply, tectonic activity and sea level fluctuations, these two factors are not totally independent.
Integrated Microfluidic and Imaging Platform for a Kinase Activity Radioassay to Analyze Minute Patient Cancer Samples
Authors: Fang Cong , Wang Yanju , Vu Nam T. , Lin Wei-Yu , Hsieh Yao-Te , Rubbi Liudmilla , Phelps Michael E. , Müschen Markus , Kim Yong-Mi , Chatziioannou Arion F. , Tseng Hsian-Rong , Graeber Thomas G. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Oncogenic kinase activity and the resulting aberrant growth and survival signaling are a common driving force of cancer. Accordingly, many successful molecularly targeted anticancer therapeutics are directed at inhibiting kinase activity. To assess kinase activity in minute patient samples, we have developed an immunocapture-based in vitro kinase assay on an integrated polydimethylsiloxane microfluidics platform that can reproducibly measure kinase activity from as few as 3,000 cells. For this platform, we adopted the standard radiometric 32P-ATP–labeled phosphate transfer assay. Implementation on a microfluidic device required us to develop methods for repeated trapping and mixing of solid-phase affinity microbeads. We also developed a solid-state beta-particle camera imbedded directly below the microfluidic device for real-time quantitative detection of the signal from this and other microfluidic radiobioassays. We show that the resulting integrated device can measure ABL kinase activity from BCR-ABL–positive leukemia patient samples. The low sample input requirement of the device creates new potential for direct kinase activity experimentation and diagnostics on patient blood, bone marrow, and needle biopsy samples. Cancer Res; 70(21); 8299–308. ©2010 AACR.
Angiotensin-(1-7) Reduces Fibrosis in Orthotopic Breast Tumors
Authors: Cook Katherine L. , Metheny-Barlow Linda J. , Tallant E. Ann , Gallagher Patricia E. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous 7–amino acid peptide hormone of the renin-angiotensin system that has antiproliferative properties. In this study, Ang-(1-7) inhibited the growth of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and reduced fibrosis in the tumor microenvironment. A marked decrease in tumor volume and weight was observed in orthotopic human breast tumors positive for the estrogen receptor (BT-474 or ZR-75-1) and HER2 (BT-474) following Ang-(1-7) administration to athymic mice. Ang-(1-7) concomitantly reduced interstitial fibrosis in association with a significant decrease in collagen I deposition, along with a similar reduction in perivascular fibrosis. In CAFs isolated from orthotopic breast tumors, the heptapeptide markedly attenuated in vitro growth as well as reduced fibronectin, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 kinase activity. An associated increase in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase DUSP1 following treatment with Ang-(1-7) suggested a potential mechanism by which the heptapeptide reduced MAPK signaling. Consistent with these in vitro observations, immunohistochemical analysis of Ang-(1-7)–treated orthotopic breast tumors revealed reduced TGF-β and increased DUSP1. Together, our findings indicate that Ang-(1-7) targets the tumor microenvironment to inhibit CAF growth and tumor fibrosis. Cancer Res; 70(21); 8319–28. ©2010 AACR.