bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy assessment of different insecticides for control of whitefly against tomato leaf curl disease
Authors: Mane Someshree , Khaire Pravin , Kumar Ashwini , Narute Tanaji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe impact of eight pesticides on the transmission of Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius to tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (Miller), was studied in the field using a randomized block design. Differences in performance were anticipated because these eight insecticides comprise distinct mechanism of action including both contact and systemic. Increased insecticide efficacy is necessary, particularly in regions with conducive weather conditions that support a healthy whitefly population, to effectively manage the population. There is a need to vary the insecticides used in order to reduce the emergence of resistance in the whitefly population due to the extensive usage of a single mechanism of action for whitefly control. The foliar spray of insecticides was done when first incidence of whitefly was noticed in the field with 15 days of interval. The studies on effect of different insecticides in the management of ToLCV disease through the controlling whitefly population, we evaluated that Chlorantraniliprole 8.8% + Thiomethaxam 17.5% SC was effective in sustaining the yield by reducing the incidence of disease and whitefly population during both the years followed by Spirotetramat 11.01% + Imidacloprid 11.01% SC, Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC and Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD, respectively.
Marine biodegradation of natural potential carrier substrates for seagrass restoration
Authors: Rautenbach Sarah A. , Pieraccini Riccardo , Nebel Kai , Engelen Aschwin Hillebrand 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSeagrass meadows provide essential ecosystem services but have been strongly declining over the past. Due to their incapability to recover effectively naturally, assisted restoration is used. This study aimed to test textile fabrics from natural derivatives to serve as carrier substrates for seagrass transplantation. The use of biotextile fabrics should enable seagrasses to better withstand hydrodynamic forces, especially in high‐energy areas and during autumn and winter storms in the initial phase of restoration, thereby increasing restoration success. Here, the biodegradation behavior of three natural textiles was assessed in different configurations. Coir, sisal, and jute meshes were fixed on the top and bottom of a coir nonwoven mat, forming a so‐called “sandwich structure.” Specimens were buried in the Ria Formosa Lagoon, Portugal, and retrieved weekly within the first months of burial and subsequently monthly over a total period of 3 months. Weight, tensile strength, and oxygen consumption rate were used as descriptors for biodegradation and tested after each retrieval. The results obtained in this study were discussed in the context of the application of the tested materials on Zostera marina transplants. Due to experimental errors, these results are solely used for discussion purposes in a conservative manner. Based on the three descriptors, coir mesh was the least degraded by the end of the experiment. Yet, it is vital to analyze the microbiome in a study site to understand the biodegradation process and based on that select a textile material. Coir fibers appear to be a good choice in highly biologically active areas to prolong the degradation process, whereas in areas with less activity sisal could be sufficient and even beneficial through the release of compounds that foster vegetations induced by degradation.
Population dynamics of Blood Cockles (Anadara granosa) in the coastal waters of Letman Village, Kei Kecil District, Southeast Maluku Regency
Authors: Tuhumury Semuel F. , Selanno Debby A. J. , Tuhumury Julian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe waters of Letman Village, Southeast Maluku Regency are clam fishing grounds which is a source of income for fishermen. One of the shellfish caught is the Blood Cockle (Anadara granosa). The purpose of this study was to analyse and examine the stock of A. granosa clams in Letman village, Kei Kecil District, Southeast Maluku Regency (length and weight frequency) and to determine the mortality rate and exploitation rate of Blood Cockles. This study was conducted between January and June 2022 with a sampling time of once a month for six consecutive months. Random sampling method was used through a free collection at low tide. The total sample collected during the study was 741 individuals. The research data were analysed using FiSAT II program version 3. The smallest size of the sample obtained during the study was 30 mm and the largest was 69 mm. The infinity length (L∞) is 78.50 mm, the growth coefficient (K) is 0.8/year, and the theoretical lifespan of Blood Cockles at a length equal to zero is −0.514/year. Analysis of the total mortality rate (Z) of Blood Cockles (A. granosa) was calculated at 3.90/year with a natural mortality rate (M) of 1.22/year and catchment mortality (F) of 2.68/year, while exploitation rate (E) was at 0.69/year. The addition of new individuals (recruitment) took place every month with varying numbers and the highest recruitment occurred in July and October while the level of exploitation of Blood Cockle in the waters of Letman Village was considered high (overfishing).
Caretakers of value: A theory of human personhood
Authors: Woodward Philip 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccording to a traditional view, humans are superior to their non‐human terrestrial companions because they alone are “rational animals.” Although the traditional view is presupposed by our social and legal institutions, it has been called into question by modern science: Darwin himself claimed that humans differ in degree rather than in kind from animals, and recent discoveries in comparative animal cognition have seemed to confirm Darwin's assertion. Sustaining the traditional view in light of these discoveries calls out for a careful comparison of the human mind with its precursors, the vertebrate mind and the mammalian mind. Psychological capacities shared across the animal kingdom are repurposed in humans, rendering humans uniquely capable of rationality. To be rational is to respond appropriately to value. Humans as such are not rational animals, but have the potential to become rational animals. This potential marks a morally relevant difference in kind between humans and non‐human animals.
Neuromuscular Adaptations in Endurance‐Trained Male Adolescents Versus Untrained Peers: A 9‐Month Longitudinal Study
Authors: Birat Anthony , Garnier Yoann M. , Dupuy Alexis , Bontemps Bastien , Dodu Alexandre , Grossoeuvre Claire , Dupont Anne‐Charlotte , Rance Mélanie , Morel Claire , Blazevich Anthony J. , Nottin Stéphane , Ratel Sébastien 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeuromuscular function is considered as a determinant factor of endurance performance during adulthood. However, whether endurance training triggers further neuromuscular adaptations exceeding those of growth and maturation alone over the rapid adolescent growth period is yet to be determined.ObjectiveThe present study investigated the concurrent role of growth, maturation, and endurance training on neuromuscular function through a 9‐month training period in adolescent triathletes.MethodsThirty‐eight 13‐ to 15‐year‐old males (23 triathletes [~6 h/week endurance training] and 15 untrained [<2 h/week endurance activity]) were evaluated before and after a 9‐month triathlon training season. Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and power at V̇O2max were assessed during incremental cycling. Knee extensor maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque (MVCISO) was measured and the voluntary activation level (VAL) was determined using the twitch interpolation technique. Knee extensor doublet peak torque (T100Hz) and normalized vastus lateralis (VL) electromyographic activity (EMG/M‐wave) were also determined. VL and rectus femoris (RF) muscle architecture was assessed using ultrasonography.ResultsAbsolute V̇O2max increased similarly in both groups but power at V̇O2max only significantly increased in triathletes (+13.8%). MVCISO (+14.4%), VL (+4.4%), and RF (+15.8%) muscle thicknesses and RF pennation angle (+22.1%) increased over the 9‐month period in both groups similarly (p < 0.01), although no changes were observed in T100Hz, VAL, or VL EMG/M‐wave. No changes were detected in any neuromuscular variables, except for coactivation.ConclusionEndurance training did not induce detectible, additional neuromuscular adaptations. However, the training‐specific cycling power improvement in triathletes may reflect continued skill enhancement over the training period.
Cover crops improve the long‐term stabilization of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen through physico‐chemical protection in rainfed semiarid Mediterranean woody crop systems
Authors: Fernández‐Soler Cristina , Garcia‐Franco Noelia , Almagro María , Díaz‐Pereira Elvira , Luján Raquel , García Eloísa , Martínez‐Mena María 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBare soil and inadequate soil tillage are emerging problems worldwide that result in soil quality impoverishment and contribute to global warming. To reverse this situation and to improve soil structure and carbon and nitrogen storage capacity, implementing sustainable land management (SLM) practices is needed. This study evaluates the combined effect of different SLM practices (tillage with/without compost addition) and cover crop types (native/seeded cover crops) and their management (mowing or grazing) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (tN) stabilization in rainfed semiarid Mediterranean almond orchards under a range of edapho‐climatic conditions. To do so, the long‐term effects of different SLM practices, such as reduced tillage plus seeded cover crops (RT + SCC), reduced tillage plus native cover crops (RT + NCC) and no tillage plus native cover crops (NT + NCC) on soil water‐stable aggregates distribution and different organic carbon and nitrogen pools were estimated at a depth of 0–20 cm (plough layer) at five experimental sites. SLM practices, implemented over 5–12 years (depending on the experimental site), were compared with the traditional tillage (TT) carried out by farmers, which consisted of three‐five passes per year to maintain soil bare. Our results demonstrate the cross‐site potential of combining reduced tillage and cover crops (regardless of seeded or native) for improving SOC and tN sequestration and stabilization. However, the magnitude of the effect of SLM practices on SOC and tN stabilization depended heavily on the local environmental and management conditions. As seeded cover crops (RT + SCC) accelerated SOC and tN stabilization compared with native cover crops (RT + NCC and NT + NCC), its implementation in these semiarid agro‐ecosystems is recommended. However, no tillage implemented as an isolated practice is not recommended in soils prone to compaction, but managed in combination with other SLM practices, such as compost addition or mulching, can be effective for SOC and tN sequestration and stabilization over time.
Testosterone supplementation increases red blood cell susceptibility to oxidative stress, decreases membrane deformability, and decreases survival after cold storage and transfusion
Authors: Tran Johnson , Jackman Rachael P. , Muench Marcus O. , Hazegh Kelsey , Bean Scott‐Wesley , Thomas Kimberly A. , Fang Fang , Page Grier , O'Connor Kim , Roubinian Nareg H. , Anawalt Bradley D. , Kanias Tamir 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundBlood collection from donors on testosterone therapy (TT) is restricted to red blood cell (RBC) concentrates to avoid patient exposure to supraphysiological testosterone (T). The objective of this study was to identify TT‐related changes in RBC characteristics relevant to transfusion effectiveness in patients.Study DesignThis was a two‐part study with cohorts of patients and blood donors on TT. In part 1, we conducted longitudinal evaluation of RBCs collected before and at three time points after initiation of T. RBC assays included storage and oxidative hemolysis, membrane deformability (elongation index), and oximetry. In part 2, we evaluated the fate of transfused RBCs from TT donors in immunodeficient mice and by retrospective analyses of NIH's vein‐to‐vein databases.ResultsTT increased oxidative hemolysis (1.45‐fold change) and decreased RBC membrane deformability. Plasma free testosterone was positively correlated with oxidative hemolysis (r = .552) and negatively correlated with the elongation index (r = −.472). Stored and gamma‐irradiated RBCs from TT donors had lower posttransfusion recovery in mice compared to controls (41.6 ± 12 vs. 55.3 ± 20.5%). Recipients of RBCs from male donors taking T had 25% lower hemoglobin increments compared to recipients of RBCs from non‐TT male donors, and had increased incidence (OR, 1.80) of requiring additional RBC transfusions within 48 h of the index transfusion event.ConclusionsTT is associated with altered RBC characteristics and transfusion effectiveness. These results suggest that clinical utilization of TT RBCs may be less effective in recipients who benefit from longer RBC survival, such as chronically transfused patients.
Effect of gadolinium contrast medium administration on susceptibility‐weighted imaging of the canine brain
Authors: Mugnai Martina , Auriemma Edoardo , Contiero Barbara , Franchini Delia , Zini Eric , Tirrito Federica 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSusceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) is a gradient echo (GE) MRI sequence. Intravenous administration of gadolinium (Gd) may affect GE images, but its effect on SWI has not been investigated in veterinary medicine. This cross‐sectional prospective study evaluated the effects of Gd on SWI. Seventy‐one dogs that underwent brain MRI were included and distributed in two groups. Susceptibility‐weighted imaging was performed pre‐ and postcontrast, obtained immediately after Gd administration (Group A: n = 35) or delayed (Group B: n = 36; median delay 19.9 min). Pre‐ and post‐Gd SWI were analyzed for signal intensity changes in the lentiform nuclei of gray matter (GM), in the centrum semiovale of white matter (WM), and in brain lesions. No difference in GM signal intensity was identified in either group between pre‐ and postcontrast images (Group A, P = .395; Group B, P = .895). In group A, WM signal intensity was lower in pre‐ than post‐Gd sequences (P = .019). Brain lesions were identified in 30/71 (41%) cases; the signal intensity of intracranial lesions was significantly lower in pre‐ than post‐Gd images in both groups (P < .001); the number of lesions influenced the difference in signal intensity in group B (P = .043). Susceptibility artifacts did not change in appearance between pre‐ and postcontrast images in either the normal brain or in parenchymal lesions. In conclusion, Gd may modify the signal intensity of WM and brain lesions but does not affect the susceptibility artifacts and does not interfere with SWI interpretation.
An improved error term for counting D4$D_4$‐quartic fields
Authors: McGown Kevin J. , Tucker Amanda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe prove that the number of quartic fields with discriminant whose Galois closure is equals , improving the error term in a well‐known result of Cohen, Diaz y Diaz, and Olivier. We prove an analogous result for counting quartic dihedral extensions over an arbitrary base field.
Risk Analysis of Gas Pipeline in Karst Area Based on Multilevel Hierarchical Structure Model
Authors: Li Qiaochu , Zhang Peng , Chen Junhua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a risk analysis method of gas pipeline in karst area based on the integrated model of the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory–interpretive structural model (DEMATEL– ISM) method and the cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) method is proposed. Based on causal chain theory and crossed track theory, the composite causal model of accidents is established from four dimensions of human, material, environment, and management. Based on the DEMATEL–ISM method, the hierarchical structure and causal relationship between risk factors are analyzed from the perspective of chain evolution, and the surface direct cause, middle indirect cause, and deep root cause of accidents are investigated. The MICMAC method is used to analyze the dependence degree and driving force of multivariate risk factors, and all factors are divided into four clusters: the independent cluster, the dependent cluster, the linkage cluster, and the spontaneous cluster. The work presented in this paper can provide a reference for the safety management and accident prevention of gas pipelines crossing the karst area.
Coordination Dynamics in Motor Learning: Acquisition and Adaptation in a Serial Stimulus Tracking Task
Authors: Pacheco Matheus M. , Ambrósio Natália F.A. , Santos Fernando G. , Tani Go , Basso Luciano 
Published: June 2024

The dynamics of mastering the degrees of freedom in motor learning are still far from being understood. The present work explored coordination dynamics in a redundant task, relating it to performance and adaptation in a serial stimulus tracking task. One hundred and sixty-three children (10–14 years of age) continuously responded to sequential stimuli (containing five stimuli) by pressing the respective sensors before the next stimulus presentation. Participants performed 120 trials with a fixed sequence (4–2–5–3–1) and a fixed interstimuli interval (800 ms) to learn the first pattern (practice phase). Then, a changed sequence (4–2–5–1–3) with a shorter interval (700 ms) was presented for 40 trials (adaptation phase). To measure coordination and its change, we calculated the correlation matrix of the stimulus–touch interval between the five sensors in blocks of 20 trials of the practice phase and classified individuals in terms of clusters. We found associations between coordination dynamics, performance curves, and adaptation in both coordination and performance. Furthermore, using network analyses, we found a tendency for all groups to increase the clustering coefficient. We discuss the possibility of this result representing a process of progressive segregation.
Lytic transglycosylase repertoire diversity enables intrinsic antibiotic resistance and daughter cell separation in
Escherichia coli
under acidic stress
Authors: Son Ji Eun , Park Si Hyoung , Choi Umji , Lee Chang-Ro 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Peptidoglycan (PG) is an important architectural element that imparts physical toughness and rigidity to the bacterial envelope. It is also a dynamic structure that undergoes continuous turnover or autolysis.
Escherichia coli
possesses redundant PG degradation enzymes responsible for PG turnover; however, the advantage afforded by the existence of numerous PG degradation enzymes remains incompletely understood. In this study, we elucidated the physiological roles of MltE and MltC, members of the lytic transglycosylase (LTG) family that catalyze the cleavage of glycosidic bonds between disaccharide subunits within PG strands. MltE and MltC are acidic LTGs that exhibit increased enzymatic activity and protein levels under acidic pH conditions, respectively, and deletion of these two LTGs results in a pronounced growth defect at acidic pH. Furthermore, inactivation of these two LTGs induces increased susceptibility at acidic pH against various antibiotics, particularly vancomycin, which seems to be partially caused by elevated membrane permeability. Intriguingly, inactivation of these LTGs induces a chaining morphology, indicative of daughter cell separation defects, only under acidic pH conditions. Simultaneous deletion of PG amidases, known contributors to daughter cell separation, exacerbates the chaining phenotype at acidic pH. This suggests that the two LTGs may participate in the cleavage of glycan strands between daughter cells under acidic pH conditions. Collectively, our findings highlight the role of LTG repertoire diversity in facilitating bacterial survival and antibiotic resistance under stressful conditions.
Identification of
Babesia microti
immunoreactive antigens by phage display cDNA screen
Authors: Hanada Toshihiko , Empitu Maulana A. , Mines Gregory I. , Ma Qianni , Omorodion Iziegbe L. , Link Ansel , Schwake Christopher J. , Krueger Rachel M. , DaRosa Nicholas S. , Levin Andrew E. , Vannier Edouard , Chishti Athar H. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Human babesiosis is a malaria-like illness caused by protozoan parasites of the genus
Babesia
.
Babesia microti
is responsible for most cases of human babesiosis in the United States, particularly in the Northeast and the Upper Midwest.
Babesia microti
is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected deer ticks but also through the transfusion of blood components, particularly red blood cells. There is a high risk of severe and even fatal disease in immunocompromised patients. To date, serology testing relies on an indirect immunofluorescence assay that uses the whole
Babesia microti
antigen. Here, we report the construction of phage display cDNA libraries from
Babesia microti
-infected erythrocytes as well as human reticulocytes obtained from donors with hereditary hemochromatosis. Plasma samples were obtained from patients who were or had been infected with
Babesia microti
. The non-specific antibody reactivity of these plasma samples was minimized by pre-exposure to the human reticulocyte library. Using this novel experimental strategy, immunoreactive segments were identified in three
Babesia microti
antigens termed BmSA1 (also called BMN1-9; BmGPI12), BMN1-20 (BMN1-17; Bm32), and BM4.12 (N1-15). Moreover, our findings indicate that the major immunoreactive segment of BmSA1 does not overlap with the segment that mediates BmSA1 binding to mature erythrocytes. When used in combination, the three immunoreactive segments form the basis of a sensitive and comprehensive diagnostic immunoassay for human babesiosis, with implications for vaccine development.