bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Activity in Human Leukemic Cells—Relation to Chromosome Aberrations
Authors: LINDQUIST RAGNHILD , VITOLS SIGURD , GAHRTON GÖSTA , ÖST ÄKE , PETERSON CURT 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Lindquist R, Vitols S, Gahrton G, Öst Å, Peterson C. (Division of Clinical Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huddinge Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Department of Medical Cell Genetics, Medical Nobel Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, and Department of Pathology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.) Low density lipoprotein receptor activity in human leukemic cells—Relation to chromosome aberrations.Chromosome analysis and low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity of leukemic cells from 38 patients with acute non‐lymphocytic leukemia were correlated. Clonal chromosome aberrations were found in 22 patients, and an extra chromosome 8 was found in 7 of them. LDL receptor activity was significantly higher in patients with an extra chromosome 8 than in patients with other abnormalities or a normal karyotype. Chromosome 8 may harbor genes of importance for the expression of the LDL receptor.
Rubidium Uptake of Mononuclear Leukocytes From Normotensive and Borderline Hypertensive First Degree Relatives to Patients With Essential Hypertension
Authors: Johansen Torben , Nielsen Jens Rokkedal , Poulsgard Lars , Knudsen Torben , Pedersen Knud E. , Klitgaard Niels A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryUptake of 86Rubidium of mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) was used as a measure of cellular sodium‐potassium pump activity. 86Rb‐uptake was determined with the pump stimulated mainly from inside the cells by sodium as well as with a combined stimulation from inside by sodium and from outside by Rb. In the first case there was an increased pump activity in MNL from borderline hypertensive offspring of hypertensive patients (BHO), and this may be related to an increased number of pump sites observed previously (10). Estimation of maximal pump activity (Vmax) of MNL suggested that Vmax of each pump site in MNL from BHO may be decreased compared to control value of MNL from healthy normotensive subjects.
HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF COMBINED BETA‐ADRENOCEPTOR BLOCKADE AND PRECAPILLARY VASODILATATION IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Eggertsen Robert , Sivertsson Ramon , Andrén Lennart , Hansson Lennart 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Carvedilol (BM14190) is a new compound with combined properties of nonselective betaadrenoceptor blockade, devoid of ISA, and precapillary vasodilatation. Its acute hemodynamic effects were studied with invasive technique (dye‐dilution using Cardio‐Green) in 10 patients taking 25 mg orally and noninvasive (fore‐arm plethysmography) in 10 patients taking 25 mg and in 10 patients taking 50 mg orally, all with essential hypertension. Significant reductions of systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p < 0.05 — 0.001) were observed in all groups. TPR did not change acutely whereas resistance in the fore‐arm was reduced by 16% (p < 0.05).When a comparison with propranolol (80 mgx2) was made in a randomized, double‐blind placebo controlled trial comprising 30 patients with essential hypertension, carvedilol acutely reduced blood pressure significantly 13/6 mm Hg (25 mg) and 17/10 mm Hg (50 mg) in contrast to propranolol. Resistance in the fore‐arm (plethysmography) fell significantly with carvedilol 50 mg whereas propranolol caused a significant rise. After 4 weeks both compounds had reduced blood pressure significantly and to the same extent. Blood flow was still reduced with propranolol in contrast to the findings with carvedilol.We conclude that carvedilol given orally has a useful antihypertensive effect both acutely and during prolonged treatment. It has an attractive hemodynamic profile.
The Possible Role of the Ancillary Properties of Beta Adrenoceptor Antagonists in the Management of Angina Pectoris
Authors: Fitzgerald J.D. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.Beta adrenoceptor antagonists are effective in the symptomatic management of angina pectoris. This paper examines critically the possible influence of the ancillary properties of β1selectivity, partial agonism and membrane‐stabilizing action on the response in anginal patients. The response is categorized according to experimental, pharmacological and clinical end‐points, placing emphasis on the possible errors which may arise from extrapolation from the former to the latter. It is concluded:That selective beta adrenoceptor antagonism confers limited, but tangible advantages over non‐selective antagonists in regard to patients with reversible airways obstruction, and also in the metabolic and haemodynamic response to acute hypoglycaemia.Cardioselectivity does not influence the central haemodynamic response to exercise, but lessens adrenaline‐mediated hypertensive responses to smoking and hypoglycaemia.Non‐selective partial agonists cause less reduction in resting ventricular function, but their effects on cardiac output during exercise are indistinguishable from full antagonists.Membrane stabilizing properties have a marked influence on the tolerability of these agents in terms of unwanted, nonspecific central nervous system symptoms.Unresolved questions relate to the influence of partial agonism on fatigue, metabolic responses, especially blood lipids and glucose, and the possibility of lesser efficacy in angina compared to full antagonists.
Ten Years of the North Karelia project
Authors: Puska Pekka , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Nissinen Aulikki , Salonen Jukka 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Medical and epidemiological research into the aetiology of CHD has drawn attention to the likely causal role of certain risk factors, especially elevated serum (LDL) cholesterol and blood pressure levels, and smoking. Conventional trials to establish the causality have come up against problems of feasibility and study design. Community‐based studies have considerable potential in introducing changes to the general lifestyle and risk factors in large numbers of people (since the risk factors are closely related to the way of life and other features of the community). Thus a well evaluated community‐based study can augment our knowledge on the role of the risk factors. Furthermore, a community study examines how the existing service structure and community resources can be used and assesses the overall feasibility and consequences of such an intervention.The North Karelia project, started in eastern Finland in 1972, has been a major communitybased study on the prevention of CHD. The results of the 10‐year evaluation of the project illustrate the feasibility and consequences of the approach. During the 10‐year period 1972—82 the following net changes (i.e. adjusted for changes in the reference area) occurred in the risk factor means of the population aged 30—59 in North‐Karelia: —28% for smoking (p <.001), —3% for serum cholesterol (p <.001) and —3% for systolic BP (p <.001). During the period 1974—79 the age‐standardized CHD mortality of men aged 30—64 was reduced by 22% in North Karelia, 12% in the reference area and 11% in the rest of Finland (p <.05 compared with NK). Other results of the evaluation are also presented to support the feasibility of the approach and to demonstrate that the programme has led to a number of positive changes in the health of the target population.
Influence of Treatment of »Mild» Hypertension on Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Stamler Rose 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. High blood pressure (HBP) in the range 90—104 DBP (»mild») has been shown to carry a sizeable excess risk of coronary death, at least in countries with atherogenic diets. Effective treatment to control HBP should result in lowering CHD risk.Early trials comparing drug treatment vs placebo in such hypertensives were generally too small or too limited to demonstrate this, although overall trends favored treatment. The U.S. Hypertension Detection and Follow‐up Program (HDFP), a population based trial with 10,940 patients, did demonstrate large reductions in CHD mortality and in nonfatal CHD, as measured by a variety of indices. A subsequent large trial, the Multiple Risk Factor Trial (MRFIT), found benefit in reducing CHD deaths for most hypertensives, but for the subgroup with resting ECG abnormalities, CHD deaths were greater in the Special Intervention than in the Usual Care group. The overall findings of the several studies indicate benefit of effective antihypertensive treatment in reducing CHD mortality and morbidity for most hypertensives with DBP 90—104. However, need to highlight a number of other aspects of anti‐hypertensive treatment is indicated: use of lowest drug level possible to achieve BP normalization; need to control all major CHD risk factors in hypertensives; need to utilize nutritional means to further both these aims; need to monitor and counteract unwanted metabolic effects of antihypertensive drug therapy.
Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty — State of the Art 1984
Authors: Meier Bernhard , Rutishauser Wilhelm 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Since its introduction in 1977 by Grüntzig, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has been increasingly applied to the treatment of coronary artery disease manifested by symptomatic ischemia. Initially only recommended for proximal short stenoses of one major coronary artery, the indication for PTCA has gradually been enlarged. Today even distally situated coronary stenoses in more than one vessel can be dilated successfully by using a steerable system. In experienced hands, an immediate improvement can be achieved in about 90% of the patients. In the realm of cost and morbidity PTCA offers obvious advantages over bypass surgery. However, indications for PTCA are more restricted than those for bypass surgery, specially in multi‐vessel disease where the application of PTCA is still controversial. Moreover, long‐term results are less favourable after PTCA since 25—30% of the patients show a recurrence within 6 to 12 months.Although PTCA will not replace coronary bypass surgery, it is already established as an alternative and complementary method for coronary revascularization.
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AND HORMONAL EFFECTS OF LISINOPRIL, A NEW ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITOR IN PATIENTS WITH RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION.
Authors: Karlberg Bengt E , Rosenqvist Ulf 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. The antihypertensive and hormonal effects of a new ACE‐inhibitor, lisinopril (MK‐521), was studied in 11 patients with renal arterial stenosis (bilateral in 1). Oral doses exceeding 5 mg a day significantly reduced blood pressure (BP), the maximum fall occurring 6 h after taking the drug. At higher doses (20–80 mg/day) sustained antihypertensive effects persisted for 24 h. Lisinopril was equally effective in lowering supine and standing BP. When the drug was given stepwisely in increasing doses, (5, 10, 20, 40, and in 5 cases 80 mg/day) the BP was successivly normalized in 10 of 11 patients (supine BP < 90 mmHg). 3 patients with low renin hypertension (LRH) responded less well to monotherapy on long‐term treatment with lisinopril than the others. A significant increase in heart rate was observed, initially and after 1 month of treatment.After 5 days treatment with increasing doses the plasma concentrations of angiotensin II (All) and aldosterone (Aldo) fell significantly to very low concentrations. However, on long term treatment (3 months) suppression of All and Aldo did not always take place. A concomitant decrease in 24 h urinary aldosterone excretion occurred.No changes in renal function or other biochemical tests except for a slight increase in S‐K were observed. There were no adverse side‐effects. We conclude that lisinopril is an effective and safe medication for renovascular hypertension.
Competitive Inhibitor Binding Assay (CIBA) of ACE Inhibitors
Authors: GRÖNHAGEN‐RISKA C. , TIKKANEN I. , FYHRQUIST F. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. We describe a new principle for measuring concentrations of pharmacologically active captopril or other angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in blood. Serum is incubated with 125‐I‐labeled ACE inhibitor (substance 351A, a lisinopril analogue, Merck Sharp & Dohme) in a nonequilibrated system, in which label and ACE inhibitor compete for binding to added serum ACE. Free label is separated by adsorption to coated charcoal. Concentration of captopril or other ACE inhibitor is calculated from a standard curve.Results in healthy volunteers showed rapid absorption of captopril with maximal concentration of active drug within 1 h, and fast disappearance within 2.5 h. Stability of captopril was improved by immediate 1:100 dilution of blood samples with assay buffer. In spite of this precaution, analysis should be performed within two days to avoid loss of active drug due to polymerization and protein binding. Samples of other tested ACE inhibitors can be frozen and later analyzed at convenience. The new principle is simple, sensitive, and specific.
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE AND ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Authors: Fyhrquist F. , Tikkanen I. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Plasma concentrations of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) were measured in 8 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) of NYHA functional class III–IV, before and during treatment with captopril, 6.25–25.0 mg t.i.d., added to their drug regimen. Before captopril treatment, plasma ADH was high, 2.5 times the upper limit of normal reference values. During treatment with captopril, plasma ADH levels were normalized, and remained so throughout the study, for at least 6 months. Plasma levels of angiotensin II were also reduced to a normal level. Reduction of plasma ADH during captopril treatment in CHF may partly depend on reduced angiotensin II formation, and may be beneficial by improving water balance.Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), was measured by radioimmunoassay in 17 patients with CHF. The highest levels were measured in the most severe CHF cases, and intermediate high values on NYHA functional class I–II patients. Plasma ANP concentrations in control patients (n=18) without cardiac diseases ranged between 0 and 30 pg/ml. In two patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, associated with transient polyuria, high plasma ANP concentrations were noticed during tachycardic episodes. Thus, ANP appears to be a circulating hormone in humans, and is released into the blood in clinical conditions associated with raised preload and atrial wall stretch.
ASPECTS ON “TRADITIONAL” VASODILATORS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Rydén Lars , Conradson Thor‐Björn 
Published: August 2010

AbstractVasodilator therapy of heart failure has through the last 5–10 years become a well established treatment. Traditionally these drugs have been classified after their primary site of action on the vascular beds. Thus drugs primarily acting on the arteriolar bed are called afterload‐reducing agents and are examplified by hydralazine. Drugs primarily acting on the venous bed have been called preload‐reducing agents and the typical example is nitroglycerine. Other drugs, like prazosine, act on both the arteriolar and venous vascular beds. The classification is, however, not as sharp as originally believed since preload‐ and afterload‐reducing activities mix with each other.Treatment with vasodilators for chronic heart failure has mainly been advocated in patients with valvular regurgitation, ischemic heart disease and various types of dilated cardiomyopathies.It seems appropriate today to put some questions concerning vasodilator therapy for heart failure. Among such questions are: When in the natural history of congestive heart failure should vasodilator therapy be commenced? How effective is long‐term administration of vasodilating drugs? May vasodilator therapy decrease mortality in congestive heart failure? What about the efficacy of new vasodilating drugs compared to more traditional ones?In the review of vasodilating drugs besides ACE inhibitors, these questions will be addressed.
EFFECTS OF ACE‐INHIBITION ON REGIONAL CIRCULATION IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Authors: Swedberg Karl 
Published: August 2010

Abstract During development of heart failure there are marked changes in the peripheral circulation. The renal and splanchnic circulations are reduced early. The cerebral circulation is maintained by autoregulation. Skeletal muscle blood flow is reduced in relation to the decrease of cardiac output. There are also important metabolic changes in these muscles with reduced mechanical efficiency.Treatment with arterial vasodilators increase cardiac output. However, most of this increase is usually shunted, probably in the splanchnic circulation. If any, only small increases in muscle blood flow have been reported.ACE‐inhibition has been shown to have beneficial acute effects on the renal, cerebral and skeletal muscle blood flow with improved flow in these areas. This treatment seems to be the most beneficial vasodilatory alternative available so far.
Long Term Results after Operative Treatment of Isolated Ventricular Septal Defect in Adolescents and Adults
Authors: OTTERSTAD JAN ERIK , ERIKSSEN JAN , FRØYSAKER TOR , SIMONSEN SVEIN 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTA series of 125 consecutive patients with isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD) aged 10 or over, were followed until death or beyond the age of 30 (31–73) years. A prospective restudy was performed after a mean follow‐up of 15 (3–21) years.Forty‐one patients (group 1) were treated with surgical repair of VSD at a mean age of 23 (10–51) years, and early mortality was 10%, i.e. 3 with severe aortic insufficiency and one wity systemic pulmonary artery pressure. Surgery was initially not regarded indicated in 70 patients with small defects (group 2). A further 14 patients were judged inoperable (group 3).Long‐term mortality was 5% in group 1, 9% in group 2 and 71% in group 3. When restudied, group 2 patients had significantly higher (p<0.01) and group 1, lower (p<0.01) pulmonary artery pressures than initially. A moderate deterioration in NYHA‐rating was noted in group 2 (p<0.05) vs. a slight improvement in group 1 (p<0.05). The non‐operated patients had a higher incidence of valvular lesions (19% vs. 13%) and bacterial endocarditis (4.3% vs. 2.7%) than the operated but not to a statistically significant level. Spontaneous closure was 6% in group 2 whereas mostly small residual defects were found in 34% of the operated.Patients with uncomplicated VSDs (absence of valvular lesions or coronary heart disease) had subnormal exercise tolerance as judged from a standardized ergometer bicycle test. These patients also had impaired left ventricular function based upon haemodynamic studies during moderate supine exercise. No major differences were noted between groups 1 and 2, but operated patients with residual VSDs tended to have the poorest cardiac performance.Non‐cardiac disease represented only a minor problem and no significant differences in psychosocial function were observed between groups 1 and 2. Only 50% in group 1 and 60% in group 2 attended a regular medical clinic. Antibiotic prophylaxis had only been practiced by 50% in both groups.Although small, but differences between groups 1 and 2 favour surgery. This must be regarded as a positive result of surgical treatment since those operated on had basically larger and thus more severe defects than the others. In view of the very low operative risk associated with modern surgical technique one should direct patients with significant shunts to operative treatment.
High Occurrence of Mitral Valve Prolapse in Cardiac Catheterization Patients with Pure Isolated Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: DANIELSEN RAGNAR , NORDREHAUG JAN ERIK , VIK‐MO HARALD 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Danielsen R, Nordrehaug JE, Vik‐Mo H (Department of Clinical Physiology, Haukeland Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway). High occurrence of mitral valve prolapse in cardiac catheterization patients with pure isolated mitral regurgitation. Acta Med Scand 1987; 221:33–8.The aetiological spectrum of angiographically verified pure isolated mitral regurgitation (MR) was studied in 48 consecutive adult patients (35 males). Severe MR was found in 35 patients (73%) and moderate MR in 13 patients (27%). Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) syndrome was found in 21 patients (44%). These were younger than the rest of the study population (55±13 vs. 62±6 years, p<0.05) and 15 (71%) of them were men. Endocarditis and chordal rupture occurred in 19% and 43% of the MVP patients. Sixteen patients (33%) had MR secondary to myocardial infarction while only three patients (6%) had MR of rheumatic aetiology. Bacterial endocarditis, hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic obstructive car‐diomyopathy and mitral annulus calcification were less frequently found. Mitral valve replacement was done in 20 (57%) of the patients with severe MR and MVP was the underlying disease in 15 (75%) of these patients. In conclusion, MVP is a frequent cause of pure isolated MR and of mitral valve replacement. In contrast to the preponderance of young females amongst MVP patients in population surveys, most of the MVP patients with MR in this study are middle‐aged and elderly men.
Differentiation of Cardiac Amyloidosis and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: ERIKSSON PETER , BACKMAN CHRISTER , ERIKSSON ANDERS , ERIKSSON STURE , KARP KJELL , OLOFSSON BERT‐OVE 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Eriksson P, Backman C, Eriksson A, Eriksson S, Karp K, Olofsson B‐O (Departments of Internal Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, and Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Umeå, and Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden). Differentiation of cardiac amyloidosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A comparison of familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by electrocardiography and echocardiography. Acta Med Scand 1987; 221:39–46.The clinical and echocardiographic features of cardiac amyloidosis may closely resemble those of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and the disorders may thus be mixed up. The present study was undertaken in an attempt to identify features separating the two conditions by analysis of electro‐ and echocardiographic findings in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Twenty‐nine patients with familial amyloidosis and 22 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were studied. Particular attention was given to (1) the sum of the S wave in V1 and R wave in V5 or V6, (2) the echocardiographic left ventricular mass and (3) cross‐sectional area, the presence or absence of (4) asymmetrical septal thickening, (5) granular and sparkling myocardial appearance, (6) thickened heart valves, (7) systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, and (8) pericardial effusion. A granular and sparkling appearance of the myocardium and thickened heart valves were found to be the best predictors of cardiac amyloidosis, while low QRS amplitudes in relation to echocardiographic left ventricular mass and a pericardial effusion seemed less important. The presence of systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve, a large left ventricular mass and a sum of S in V1 and R in V5 or V6 >35 mm indicated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. When the four strongest predictors (left ventricular mass, thickened heart valves, a granular sparkling myocardial appearance, and systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve) were used to reclassify the present patients, 28 of 29 amyloidosis patients and 21 of 22 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were correctly categorized. Noninvasive methods may thus be useful for detecting the myocardial infiltrative process, and cardiac amyloidosis may be confidently diagnosed by typical noninvasive findings together with histopathological documentation of amyloid in an organ other than the heart.