bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of rectal metastasis of prostate cancer mimicking extramural growth-type rectal tumor
Authors: Hike Shutaro , Endo Satoshi , Ota Masayuki , Ohira Gaku , Maruyama Michihiro , Imanishi Shunsuke , Maruyama Tetsuro , Tochigi Toru , Amagai Hiroyuki , Shiraishi Tadashi , Hirata Atsushi , Mamiya Hisashi , Iwata Moe , Kakimoto Ayano , Matsubara Hisahiro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rectal metastases of prostate cancer are rare and may be difficult to diagnose. In this report, we describe a case in which an extramural growth-type rectal tumor was resected and pathologically diagnosed as prostate cancer metastasis. A 70-year-old man on hormone therapy for prostate cancer with seminal vesicle invasion and pelvic lymph node metastasis was referred to our department after an imaging scan showed an extramural growth-type rectal tumor. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration was considered for diagnosis, but the patient preferred an early resection without the exam, so surgery was performed. Histopathological examination revealed that the lesion was in the adventitia of the rectum and metastasis of prostate cancer. Metastatic lesions of prostate cancer are not indicated for resection. A detailed preoperative study with the possibility of prostate cancer metastasis in mind is necessary because it is relevant to choosing the treatment strategy.
Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction by cardiac hemangioma in asymptomatic patient
Authors: Kaewboonlert Naritsaret , Chunharas Piyapat , Pluthikarmpae Naree , Poontananggul Jiraphon , Wongthep Akharawat , Pongsuwan Natthipong , Lerssuttipon Udomsak 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ventricular hemangiomas are rare benign tumors, pose diagnostic and therapeutic complexities. We report a case of a 52-year-old female with essential hypertension who developed a systolic ejection murmur during a hypertension clinic visit. The echocardiogram revealed a hyperechoic mass obstructing the right ventricular outflow tract, causing enlargement of the right atrium and ventricle, with a reduction in the right ventricular ejection fraction. Due to the risk of death, the patient underwent an emergency surgical resection along with tricuspid valve replacement. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and subsequent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed an improvement in ejection fraction without residual tumor. This case highlights the diagnosis and therapeutic complexities of ventricular hemangiomas. With this report, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of ventricular hemangiomas and to enhance understanding of this condition for improved patient care.
Intracranial meningeal melanocytoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Chintapalli Renuka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Primary intracranial melanocytoma is an uncommon benign pigmented tumor arising from leptomeningeal melanocytes. Neuroimaging characteristics of central nervous system melanocytoma are distinct from similarly presenting intracranial neoplasms and can aid in diagnosis prior to histopathological examination. In rare cases, there may be more than one lesion present. We report a case of a 19-year-old woman presenting with progressively worsening headaches, nausea, emesis, and generalized weakness of 2 months. Imaging revealed tumors in the parietal and ipsilateral medial temporal lobe. The patient underwent gross total resection of the parietal lesion which histopathological assessment revealed to be primary intracranial meningeal melanocytoma. This case highlights the utility of specific imaging criteria such as diffusely increased T1 signal without enhancement in the initial diagnostic evaluation of intracranial melanocytoma. We also describe the clinical characteristics, management strategy, and histopathological features of a rare case of a patient with multiple primary intracranial melanocytoma lesions.
Sex Differences in Screening Positive for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Combat Injury
Authors: MacGregor Andrew J , Dougherty Amber L , Crouch Daniel J , Dye Judy L 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
U.S. military women were at risk of combat exposure and injury from asymmetric warfare during the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Previous research has yielded mixed results when examining sex differences in PTSD following operational deployment. To date, no study has explored sex differences in PTSD after combat injury.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective study included U.S. military service men and women who experienced a combat injury in Iraq or Afghanistan (March 2003 to March 2013) and completed a Post-Deployment Health Assessment (PDHA) within 1 year of injury. The PDHA is administered at the end of deployment and includes the 4-item Primary Care PTSD Screen. The prevalence of screening positive for PTSD was evaluated by sex using a chi-square test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between sex and PTSD while adjusting for covariates.

Results
The study sample included 16,215 injured military personnel (666 women and 15,549 men). The average time between injury and PDHA was 132 days (SD = 91.0). Overall, women had a higher prevalence of screening positive for PTSD than men (48.3% vs. 40.9%, P &lt; .001). In multivariable regression, women had higher odds than men of screening positive for PTSD (odds ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.57). Psychiatric history was the strongest predictor of screening positive for PTSD regardless of sex (odds ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-1.74).

Conclusions
In this novel study of military service members, women were more likely to screen positive for PTSD than men after combat injury. Strategies to mitigate PTSD, enhance resiliency, and incorporate psychological care into injury rehabilitation programs for women may be needed for future U.S. military conflicts where they will play a larger role in combat operations.
Obesity and Overweight: First Comprehensive Overview in the French Armed Forces
Authors: Mannaioni Livia , Jay Thierry , Goudard Yvain , Aoun Olivier , Pauleau Ghislain , Montois Anne , de La Villéon Bruno 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The global rise in obesity is well-established, with significant health implications. This study aims to comprehensively assess overweight and obesity prevalence within the French Armed Forces.

Materials and Methods
Using data from the Unique Medical-Military Software (UMMS) in 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted on active French Military personnel aged 18 and above, who underwent periodic medical examinations (PME) in 2017. Body Mass Index (BMI) served as the main criterion for overweight and obesity classification. A representative sample was obtained through random sampling.

Results
The sample included 17,082 individuals, revealing an average age of 33.5 years, with 36.1% classified as overweight and 9.6% as obese. The mean BMI of women was significantly lower than that of men (23.9 vs 25.3 kg/m2—P &lt; .001). Results indicated that 22.4% of women vs 38.5% of men were overweight (P &lt; .001). For obesity, the difference was not significant (8.8% of women vs 9.8% of men—P = .138). BMI increased with age, and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) showed the highest prevalence of obesity. Gendarmes exhibited the highest BMI and overweight rates (50.1%) among military branches.

Conclusion
While obesity is less prevalent in the French Armed Forces compared to the general population, the study emphasizes the equivalent prevalence of overweight. We confirm here that the global epidemic of obesity and overweight affects all armed forces. France seems less affected than other Western armies. Targeting specific groups, such as NCOs and the national gendarmerie, is crucial for prevention.
A genetically encoded fluorescent heme sensor detects free heme in plants
Authors: Wen Bingxiao , Grimm Bernhard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Heme is produced in plants via a plastid-localized metabolic pathway and is subsequently distributed to all cellular compartments. In addition to covalently and noncovalently bound heme, a comparatively small amount of free heme that is not associated with protein is available for incorporation into heme-dependent proteins in all subcellular compartments and for regulatory purposes. This “labile” fraction may also be toxic. To date, the distribution of the free heme pool in plant cells remains poorly understood. Several fluorescence-based methods for the quantification of intracellular free heme have been described. For this study, we used the previously described genetically encoded heme sensor 1 (HS1) to measure the relative amounts of heme in different plant subcellular compartments. In a proof of concept, we manipulated heme content using a range of biochemical and genetic approaches and verified the utility of HS1 in different cellular compartments of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana) plants transformed either transiently or stably with HS1 and HS1(M7A), a variant with lower affinity for heme. This approach makes it possible to trace the distribution and dynamics of free heme and provides relevant information about its mobilization. The application of these heme sensors will create opportunities to explore and validate the importance of free heme in plant cells and to identify mutants that alter the subcellular allocation of free heme.
The Racial Limits of Disruption: How Race and Tactics Influence Social Movement Organization Testimony before Congress, 1960–1995
Authors: Maher Thomas V , Seguin Charles , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Social movement theory holds that disrupting social and political processes is among the most effective tools social movement organizations (SMOs) use to motivate recognition for themselves and their constituents. Yet, recent research suggests that the political reception of disruption is not racially neutral. Black SMOs face a dilemma in that, although disruption is a powerful tool for change, the public often perceives nonviolent Black disruptive protest as violent. We investigate this bind by analyzing how nondisruptive protest, nonviolent disruption, or violence helps or hinders both Black and non-Black SMOs to gain state “acceptance” as legitimate spokes-organizations for their issues. We combine data on newspaper-reported protest events with data covering 41,545 SMO Congressional testimonies from 1462 SMOs from 35 movement families. In panel regressions, we find that Congress is generally more accepting of nondisruptive protest but that nondisruptive protest is only roughly one-tenth as effective for Black SMOs compared with non-Black SMOs. Furthermore, whereas non-Black SMOs are significantly more likely to testify after using nonviolent disruption, Black SMOs using nonviolent disruption are significantly less likely to testify before Congress. Regardless of race, violence was associated with fewer congressional testimonies. Collectively, these findings suggest that Black SMOs face a tactical bind: Black SMOs can use nondisruptive tactics that are resource-intensive and slow, or they can use nonviolent disruption that gets media attention but hinders congressional acceptance. These findings contribute to a growing literature on how racial inequality and prejudice impact the outcomes of social movements.
Longitudinal Trajectories of Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence and Associations With Durable Viral Suppression Among Adolescents Living With HIV in South Africa
Authors: Zhou Siyanai , Cluver Lucie , Knight Lucia , Edun Olanrewaju , Sherman Gayle , Toska Elona 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Compared with other age groups, adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) are estimated to have lower levels of adherence to antiretroviral treatment. Despite this, we lack evidence on adolescents' adherence patterns over time to inform the customization of intervention strategies.

Setting:
Eastern Cape province, South Africa.

Methods:
We analyzed data from a cohort of ALHIV (N = 1046, aged 10–19 years at baseline) recruited from 53 public health facilities. The cohort comprised 3 waves of data collected between 2014 and 2018 and routine viral load data from the National Institute for Communicable Disease data warehouse (2014–2019). Durable viral suppression was defined as having suppressed viral load (<1000 copies/mL) at ≥2 consecutive study waves. Group-based multitrajectory model was used to identify adherence trajectories using 5 indicators of self-reported adherence. Logistic regression modeling evaluated the associations between adherence trajectories and durable viral suppression.

Results:
Overall, 933 ALHIV (89.2%) completed all 3 study waves (55.1% female, mean age: 13.6 years at baseline). Four adherence trajectories were identified, namely, “consistent adherence” (49.8%), “low start and increasing” (20.8%), “gradually decreasing” (23.5%), and “low and decreasing” (5.9%). Adolescents experiencing inconsistent adherence trajectories were more likely to be older, live in rural areas, and have sexually acquired HIV. Compared with the consistent adherence trajectory, the odds of durable viral suppression were lower among adolescents in the low start and increasing (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.95), gradually decreasing (aOR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.59), and the low and decreasing adherence (aOR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.62) trajectories.

Conclusions:
Adherence to antiretroviral treatment remains a challenge among ALHIV in South Africa. Identifying adolescents at risk of nonadherence, based on their adherence trajectories may inform the tailoring of adolescent-friendly support strategies.
StarFunc: fusing template-based and deep learning approaches for accurate protein function prediction
Authors: Zhang Chengxin , Liu Quancheng , Freddolino Lydia 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTDeep learning has significantly advanced the development of high-performance methods for protein function prediction. Nonetheless, even for state-of-the-art deep learning approaches, template information remains an indispensable component in most cases. While many function prediction methods use templates identified through sequence homology or protein-protein interactions, very few methods detect templates through structural similarity, even though protein structures are the basis of their functions. Here, we describe our development of StarFunc, a composite approach that integrates state-of-the-art deep learning models seamlessly with template information from sequence homology, protein-protein interaction partners, proteins with similar structures, and protein domain families. Large-scale benchmarking and blind testing in the 5thCritical Assessment of Function Annotation (CAFA5) consistently demonstrate StarFunc’s advantage when compared to both state-of-the-art deep learning methods and conventional template-based predictors.
Building Brains for Robots: A Hands-On Approach to Learning Neuroscience in the Classroom
Authors: Kannan Raha , Gendreau Maribel , Hatch Alex , Free Sydney K. , Muriungi Kithinji , Garje Yash A. , DeBoer Jennifer , Gage Gregory J. , Harris Christopher A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs the relevance of neuroscience in education grows, effective methods for teaching this complex subject in high school classrooms remain elusive. Integrating classroom experiments with brain-based robots offers a promising solution. This paper presents a structured curriculum designed around the use of camera-equipped mobile robots which enables students to construct and explore artificial neural networks. Through this hands-on approach, students engage directly with core concepts in neuroscience, learning to model spiking neural networks, decision-making processes in the basal ganglia, and principles of learning and memory. The curriculum not only makes challenging neuroscience concepts accessible and engaging but also demonstrates significant improvements in students’ understanding and self-efficacy. By detailing the curriculum’s development, implementation, and educational outcomes, this study outlines a scalable model for incorporating advanced scientific topics into secondary education, paving the way for a deeper student understanding of both theoretical neuroscience and its practical applications.
The balance between antiviral and antibacterial responses duringM. tuberculosisinfection is regulated by the ubiquitin ligase CBL
Authors: Truong Tina , Martin Kelsey , Salemi Michelle , Ray Abigail , Phinney Brett S. , Penn Bennett H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a first line of host defense, macrophages must be able to effectively sense and respond to diverse types of pathogens, and while a particular type of immune response may be beneficial in some circumstances, it can be detrimental in others. Upon infecting a macrophage,M. tuberculosis(Mtb) induces proinflammatory cytokines that activate antibacterial responses. Surprisingly,Mtbalso triggers antiviral responses that actually hinder the ability of macrophages to controlMtbinfection. The ubiquitin ligase CBL suppresses these antiviral responses and shifts macrophages toward a more antibacterial state duringMtbinfection, however, the mechanisms by which CBL regulates immune signaling are unknown. We found that CBL controls responses to multiple stimuli and broadly suppresses the expression of antiviral effector genes. We then used mass-spectrometry to investigate potential CBL substrates and identified over 46,000 ubiquitylated peptides inMtb-infected macrophages, as well as roughly 400 peptides with CBL-dependent ubiquitylation. We then performed genetic interaction analysis of CBL and its putative substrates, and identified the Fas associated factor 2 (FAF2) adapter protein as a key signaling molecule protein downstream of CBL. Together, these analyses identify thousands of new ubiquitin-mediated signaling events during the innate immune response and reveal an important new regulatory hub in this response.
Heat stress and recovery induce transcriptomic changes in lactogenic bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells
Authors: Yu Xingtan , Harman Rebecca M. , Danev Nikola , Li Guangsheng , Fang Yifei , Van de Walle Gerlinde R. , Duan Jingyue Ellie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHeat stress (HS) in cattle significantly challenges the dairy industry by reducing milk production. However, the molecular mechanism behind mammary gland responses to HS and recovery remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the transcriptomic changes in lactogenic bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells after HS and post-HS recovery. Six culture conditions were analyzed: MAC-T cells cultured in basal medium, cells in lactogenic medium to induce differentiation, differentiated cells at standard temperature (37℃) or HS (42℃) for 1 hour. HS cells were collected after incubation at 37℃ for either 2 or 6 hours to examine the extent of recovery.A total of 1,668 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Differentiated cells expressed genes associated with milk lipid synthesis, indicating lactogenic potential. HS suppressed genes involved in cellular differentiation and activated heat shock protein genes. Several transcription factors were identified as potential regulators of HS response. During recovery, chaperon-mediated protein folding genes remained elevated. Apoptosis regulation genes were induced at 2 hours, and cellular homeostasis regulation genes were enriched at 6 hours. Overall, these findings provide a foundation for the molecular mechanisms involved in HS and recovery in cattle.
Intrinsic skeletal muscle function and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake do not vary by time-of-day in mice
Authors: Fitzgerald Liam S. , Bremner Shannon N. , Ward Samuel R. , Cho Yoshitake , Schenk Simon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA growing body of data suggests that skeletal muscle contractile function and glucose metabolism vary by time-of-day, with chronobiological effects on intrinsic skeletal muscle properties being proposed as the underlying mediator. However, no studies have directly investigated intrinsic contractile function or glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle over a 24 h circadian cycle. To address this, we assessed intrinsic contractile function and endurance, as well as contraction-stimulated glucose uptake, in isolated extensor digitorum longus and soleus from female mice at four times-of-day (Zeitgeber Times 1, 7, 13, 19). Significantly, while both muscles demonstrated circadian-related changes in gene expression, intrinsic contractile function, endurance, and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake were not different between the four time points. Overall, these results demonstrate that time-of-day variation in exercise performance and the glycemia-reducing benefits of exercise are not due to chronobiological effects on intrinsic muscle function or contraction-stimulated glucose uptake.Impact statementEx vivotesting demonstrates that there is no time-of-day variation in the intrinsic contractile properties of skeletal muscle (including no effect on force production or endurance) or contraction-stimulated glucose uptake.
Unveiling the Secrets of Extracellular Vesicles in Urban Water Systems: Understanding the Link Between Human and Environmental Health
Authors: Liu Fei , Li Yi , Piao Yunxian , Wang Yong , Liang Zaiyao , Lee Luke P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is crucial to gain valuable insights into the ecological health of rivers to inform management decisions and protect sustainable living conditions. Understanding biological information is vital to gaining insight into river ecosystem biodiversity, but reliable methods are challenging. Here, We investigate the potential impact of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in urban water systems on human and environmental health to promote urban sustainability. We used EXODUS to detect EVs and perform metaproteomic analysis on samples from an urban water system that contained human feces, wastewater, bacteria, plants, arthropods, and soil. We analyzed EVs collected from urban and green areas, observing taxonomic variations and discovering bacterial contributions to their protein content. According to our research, the abundance and expression levels of proteins in EVs can indicate how human activities affect microbial communities in rivers, potentially impacting public health. Our study offers a fresh perspective on the interconnectedness of urban sustainability, public health, and river ecosystem biodiversity.
Annelid comparative genomics and the evolution of massive lineage-specific genome rearrangement in bilaterians
Authors: Lewin Thomas D. , Liao Isabel Jiah-Yih , Luo Yi-Jyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe organization of genomes into chromosomes is critical for processes such as genetic recombination, environmental adaptation, and speciation. All animals with bilateral symmetry inherited a genome structure from their last common ancestor that has been highly conserved in some taxa but seemingly unconstrained in others. However, the evolutionary forces driving these differences and the processes by which they emerge have remained largely uncharacterized. Here we analyze genome organization across the phylum Annelida using 23 chromosome-level annelid genomes. We find that while most annelids have maintained the conserved bilaterian genome structure, a group containing leeches and earthworms possesses completely scrambled genomes. We develop a rearrangement index to quantify the extent of genome structure evolution and show leeches and earthworms to have the most highly rearranged genomes of any currently sampled bilaterian. We further show that bilaterian genomes can be classified into two distinct categories—high and low rearrangement—largely influenced by the presence or absence, respectively, of chromosome fission events. Our findings demonstrate that animal genome structure can be highly variable within a phylum and reveal that genome rearrangement can occur both in a gradual, stepwise fashion or as rapid, all-encompassing changes over short evolutionary timescales.