bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of fatty acid profiles in ruminant and non‐ruminant milk
Authors: Devle Hanne , Vetti Ingjerd , Naess‐Andresen Carl Fredrik , Rukke Elling‐Olav , Vegarud Gerd , Ekeberg Dag 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis is a comprehensive study of fatty acid (FA) profiles in milk from bovine, caprine, ovine, asine, and equine species. Milks from these species are universally common as constituents in a variety of different food and dairy products. We have obtained structural information on FAs, and discussed their correlation to health effects. The extracted fat from all species were derivatized to FA methyl esters for analysis by GC‐MS. Large differences in the lipid content and FA composition between ruminants and non‐ruminants were observed. Ovine milk showed the highest lipid content of all the animals tested, both ruminants and non‐ruminants. Among the ruminants, bovine milk was richer in saturated FAs (69.7%) than ovine‐ and caprine milk (57.5 and 59.9%, respectively). Ovine milk contained the highest amounts of monounsaturated FAs (39.1%) and also odd‐ and branched‐chain FAs (5.5%). Milk from the monogastric animals, mares and donkeys, were highest in polyunsaturated FAs with a content of 19.3 and 14.2%, respectively. The assumed health negative trans FAs were analyzed to be highest in the ruminant milk (0.7–1.0%). Milk from these species contained also the highest amount of the health beneficial CLA (0.4–0.7%).Practical applications: This is a comprehensive study of milk from five species analyzed under identical conditions. The different fatty acids and their derivatives are increasingly important components because of the contradictory reports on positive and negative effects on human health. New information on the composition of milk from different species is of great importance. The results may give valuable information to producers and nutritional advisors on the consumption of milk and milk products.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization and Its Application to the Synthesis of (±)‐Cinchonaminone
Authors: Ogawa Takao , Nakamura Tomonori , Araki Takuya , Yamamoto Koujirou , Shuto Satoshi , Arisawa Mitsuhiro 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRu‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of a 1,3‐diene and the alkene of an N‐dienyl‐2‐vinylaniline substrate proceeded smoothly, leading to a 3‐exomethylene‐2‐vinylindole derivative in good yield. This useful synthon was successfully applied to the total synthesis of (±)‐cinchonaminone.
The role of fire on soil mounds and surface roughness in the Mojave Desert
Authors: Soulard Christopher E. , Esque Todd C. , Bedford David R. , Bond Sandra 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTA fundamental question in arid land management centers on understanding the long‐term effects of fire on desert ecosystems. To assess the effects of fire on surface topography, soil roughness, and vegetation, we used terrestrial (ground‐based) LiDAR to quantify the differences between burned and unburned surfaces by creating a series of high‐resolution vegetation structure and bare‐earth surface models for six sample plots in the Grand Canyon‐Parashant National Monument, Arizona. We find that 11 years following prescribed burns, mound volumes, plant heights, and soil‐surface roughness were significantly lower on burned relative to unburned plots. Results also suggest a linkage between vegetation and soil mounds, either through accretion or erosion mechanisms such as wind and/or water erosion. The biogeomorphic implications of fire‐induced changes are significant. Reduced plant cover and altered soil surfaces from fire likely influence seed residence times, inhibit seed germination and plant establishment, and affect other ecohydrological processes. Published in 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
ON THE RECURRENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND WORKERS' COMPENSATION CLAIMS
Authors: Galizzi Monica 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper represents the first study to estimate counts of individual occupational injuries and claims over long spells of working life (up to 13 years) in the USA. It explores data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979.I found that 37% of all surveyed workers who had experienced one on‐the‐job accident reported at least one additional injury, but only 56% of all occupational injuries and illnesses resulted in workers' compensation claims. I estimated different count models to assess the effect of different individual worker and job characteristics on individual injury counts and workers' compensation claims counts.Lower educational levels, less tenure, work in dangerous industries and unskilled occupations, and job demands are found to be important determinants of multiple on‐the‐job injuries. The most interesting results, however, refer to the role played by individuals' pre‐injury characteristics: early exposure to dangerous jobs is among the main determinants of higher counts of occupational injuries later in life. Early health limitations are also significant predictors of recurrent workers' compensation claims. These results provide new evidence about the important role played by both the health and the socioeconomic status of young people as determinants of their future occupational injuries. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The vulnerability variation from government roles in disaster risk reduction plans for sediment disasters in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Tingyeh , Takara Kaoru , Yamashiki Yosuke 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAccording to a concept discussed in a previous study, vulnerability consists both of the so‐called inner factor and the outer factor. Inner factor pertains to the community conditions in a hazardous area, whereas the outer factors are those outside of the community that affect the loss. In this study, we focused on how the effects outside the community affect disasters. The disaster risk reduction plans led by governments were considered to be an important factor and we intend to connect this idea with the concept of vulnerability in this paper. As a first step, we examined the disaster risk reduction plans in Taiwan, Japan, and the USA. Second, insufficiency in the Taiwanese disaster risk reduction plan was listed according to a comparison between disaster risk reduction plans, which were listed as whole disaster risk reduction plans through all stages: before the disaster occurs – mitigation resource, during the disaster – emergency response, and after the disaster – recovery. Then, the vulnerability assessment was carried out through the measurements provided from 1999 to 2009. The result shows that the resource for debris flow disaster prevention is increasing each year. Finally, some suggested improvements were made and conclusions were drawn on the basis of the results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinct expression and activity of GSK‐3α and GSK‐3β in prostate cancer
Authors: Darrington R. Siobhan , Campa Victor M. , Walker Marjorie M. , Bengoa‐Vergniory Nora , Gorrono‐Etxebarria Irantzu , Uysal‐Onganer Pinar , Kawano Yoshiaki , Waxman Jonathan , Kypta Robert M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase (GSK‐3) is upregulated in many types of tumor, including prostate cancer. GSK‐3 inhibitors reduce prostate tumor cell growth; however, it is not clear if both isoforms, GSK‐3α and GSK‐3β, are involved. Here, we compared their expression in prostate tumors and used gene silencing to study their functions in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells. Compared to normal prostate, GSK‐3α and GSK‐3β were upregulated in 25/79 and 24/79 cases of prostate cancer, respectively, with GSK‐3α elevated in low Gleason sum score tumors and GSK‐3β expressed in high Gleason tumors, and both isoforms correlating with high expression of the androgen receptor (AR). Gene silencing of GSK‐3α and, to a lesser extent, GSK‐3β reduced AR transcriptional activity. In addition, silencing of GSK‐3β, but not GSK‐3α, reduced Akt phosphorylation. Acute and chronic silencing of either isoform reduced 22Rv1 growth in colony formation assays; however, this did not correlate with effects on AR activity. The GSK‐3 inhibitor CHIR99021 reduced 22Rv1 colony formation by 50% in normal growth medium and by 15% in hormone‐depleted medium, suggesting that GSK‐3 is required both for hormone‐dependent and hormone‐independent proliferation. In addition, CHIR99021 enhanced growth inhibition by the AR antagonists bicalutamide and MDV3100. Finally, expression of GSK3A and GSK3B mRNAs correlated with a gene expression signature for androgen‐regulated genes. Our observations highlight the importance of the GSK‐3/AR signaling axis in prostate cancer and support the case for development of isoform‐specific GSK‐3 inhibitors and their use, in combination with AR antagonists, to treat patients with prostate cancer.
Alteration of HLA‐F and HLA I antigen expression in the tumor is associated with survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang X. , Lin A. , Zhang J.‐G. , Bao W.‐G. , Xu D.‐P. , Ruan Y.‐Y. , Yan W.‐H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAlteration of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression, such as decreased HLA I (HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C) antigens and elevated nonclassical HLA I antigens (HLA‐E, ‐F and ‐G), was reported to have an unfavorable prognosis in various cancers. In our study, HLA‐F expression in 105 primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) lesions and 62 case‐matched adjacent normal tissues, and HLA I antigens among 68 cases were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Data revealed that HLA‐F expression was observed in 58.1% (61/105) of the ESCC lesions and in 54.8% (34/62) of the normal esophageal tissues. Among the 62 case‐matched samples, HLA‐F expression (lesion vs. normal tissue) was upregulated, unchanged and downregulated in 13 (21.0%), 6 (9.6%) and 43 (69.4%) cases, respectively. Patients with HLA‐F positive had a worse survival than those with HLA‐F negative (p = 0.040). Patients with upregulated HLA‐F expression (lesion vs. normal tissue) had significantly worse survival than those with HLA‐F unchanged and downregulated (p = 0.010). Furthermore, decreased HLA I expression was observed in 41.2% (28/68) patients and was with worse prognosis in comparison to those with preserved HLA I expression (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model revealed that upregulated HLA‐F expression (p = 0.026) and downregulated HLA I expression (p = 0.013) could be an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. In conclusion, our study provided the evidence that alteration of HLA I and HLA‐F antigen expression was associated with survival in patients with ESCC.
MicroRNA‐181b targets cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 in gastric adenocarcinomas
Authors: Chen Lin , Yang Qian , Kong Wei‐Qing , Liu Tao , Liu Min , Li Xin , Tang Hua 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMicroRNAs are a class of small endogenous non‐coding RNAs that function as post‐transcriptional regulators. In our previous study, we found that miR‐181b was significantly downregulated in human gastric adenocarcinoma tissue samples compared to the adjacent normal gastric tissues. In this study, we confirm the down‐regulation of miR‐181b in human gastric cancer cell lines versus the gastric epithelial cells. Overexpression of miR‐181b suppressed the proliferation and colony formation rate of gastric cancer cells. miR‐181b downregulated the expression of cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) by binding its 3′ untranslated region. Overexpression of CREB1 counteracted the suppression of growth in gastric cancer cells caused by ectopic expression of miR‐181b. These results indicate that miR‐181b may function as a tumor suppressor in gastric adenocarcinoma cells through negative regulation of CREB1. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 64(7): 628–635, 2012
The osteoinductive potential of printable, cell‐laden hydrogel‐ceramic composites
Authors: Fedorovich Natalja E. , Leeuwenburgh Sander C. , van der Helm Yvonne J. M. , Alblas Jacqueline , Dhert Wouter J. A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHydrogels used as injectables or in organ printing often lack the appropriate stimuli to direct osteogenic differentiation of embedded multipotent stromal cells (MSCs), resulting in limited bone formation in these matrices. Addition of calcium phosphate (CaP) particles to the printing mixture is hypothesized to overcome this drawback. In this study we have investigated the effect of CaP particles on the osteoinductive potential of cell‐laden hydrogel‐CaP composite matrices. To this end, apatitic nanoparticles have been included in Matrigel constructs where after the viability of embedded progenitor cells was assessedin vitro. In addition, the osteoinductive potential of cell‐laden Matrigel containing apatitic nanoparticles was investigatedin vivoand compared with composites containing osteoinductive biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) microparticles after subcutaneous implantation in immunodeficient mice. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue response as well asin vivobone formation revealed that apatitic nanoparticles were osteoinductive and induced osteoclast activation, but without bone formation. The BCP particles were more effective in inducing elaborate bone formation at the ectopic location. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A: 2412–2420, 2012
The choice of vascular access for therapeutic apheresis
Authors: Kalantari Kambiz 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTherapeutic apheresis (TA) is performed using either centrifugation‐based or filter‐based systems. The blood flow rate (BFR) used for TA using centrifugation‐based systems is less than 100 mL/min. Because of this low BFR requirement, even peripheral veins can be considered as an option for TA, especially for less‐frequent treatments and those performed for short periods. Other options for vascular access (VA) include central venous catheters (temporary or tunneled), totally implantable ports, and arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) or grafts (AVG). Nontunneled catheters should be considered as the choice of VA for relatively short‐term treatments mainly in the inpatient settings. For long‐term treatments, ports and tunneled catheters should be considered because of lower rates of infections compared to nontunneled catheters. However, studies in hemodialysis (HD) patients have demonstrated significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates associated with the use of tunneled catheters as compared to AVF. Therefore, if TA is being considered for several years, AVG and AVF would be the preferred options of VA. Studies in HD population indicate far better outcomes with the use of AVF as compared to AVG. This article, as presented at the Therapeutic Apheresis Academy in September 2011, is an overview of the available VA options for TA based on indication and duration of treatment. Pros and cons of each option are mentioned briefly. Finally, for those considered for AVF placement for chronic TA, specific recommendations are made for the care of AVF based on our own experience at University of Virginia. J. Clin. Apheresis 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of a transfusion‐related acute lung injury reduction strategy on apheresis platelet collections
Authors: Williams Dennis , Rao Marepalli , Carey Patricia 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground: Most blood centers in the US have implemented transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) mitigation strategies for apheresis platelet (AP) donations based on theoretical impact of donor loss. The aim of this study is to determine the actual impact of a TRALI mitigation strategy in a US blood center. Study Design and Methods: Daily collection events and resulting products were retrospectively obtained before and after implementation of a TRALI reduction strategy (HLA antibody testing female AP donors four or more pregnancies) for comparison. The retention rate of reassigned donors was determined by reviewing whole blood (WB) and/or apheresis red blood cell (AR) donations post reassignment. Data were obtained to compare donor frequency and split rate from reassigned (historical data) and new AP donors. Results: Mean daily collections (27.7 vs. 30.0) and total products (12,211 vs. 12,957) were significantly higher after implementation, but the number of products/collection event was lower (1.49 vs. 1.40). Mean collections/donor/year (4.0 vs. 1.8) and split rate (36% vs. 27%) were historically higher for reassigned (n = 45) versus new AP donors (n = 1,090). Seventy‐three of 112 donors (65%) testing positive for HLA antibodies returned for WB or AR donations, 31 of 45 (69%) active AP donors returned. Conclusions: Donor loss may not be adequate to estimate impact on AP inventory, as donation characteristics may differ between new donors and those reassigned. We show successful implementation of a TRALI mitigation strategy by increasing collection goals and AP donor recruitment efforts beyond donor loss. Retaining the majority of reassigned donors is feasible. J. Clin. Apheresis 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The dynamics of the calcium‐induced chain–chain association in the polyuronate systems
Authors: Plazinski Wojciech , Drach Mateusz 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe calcium‐induced formation of strong, hydrophilic gels is the important feature of polyuronates, connected with most of their practical applications. The insight into the molecular details of gelling process dynamics is hardly feasible for both experimental and theoretical methods. Here, the application of the transition path sampling method for studying this problem is reported; the focus was on the poly(α‐L‐guluronate) systems, treated as the representative for all polyuronate‐containing systems. The results allowed for identifying several distinct local minima of the free energy lying on the transition paths and visited by the system during the process of chain–chain association. These minima usually correspond to the intermediate structures in which the water molecules bridge calcium ion and carboxyl groups. This work emphasizes the importance of water and provides more complete understanding of the calcium binding by the polyuronate chains. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of pulsed and pseudocontinuous arterial spin‐labeling for measuring CO2‐induced cerebrovascular reactivity
Authors: Tancredi Felipe B. , Gauthier Claudine J. , Madjar Cécile , Bolar Divya S. , Fisher Joseph A. , Wang Danny J.J. , Hoge Richard D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose:To compare the performance of pulsed and pseudocontinuous arterial spin‐labeling (PASL and pCASL) methods in measuring CO2‐induced cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR).Materials and Methods:Subjects were scanned using both ASL sequences during a controlled hypercapnia procedure and visual stimulation. CVR was computed as the percent CO2‐induced increase in cerebral blood flow (Δ%CBF) per mmHg increase in end‐tidal PCO2. Visually evoked responses were expressed as Δ%CBF. Resting CBF and temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio were also computed. Regionally averaged values for the different quantities were compared in gray matter (GM) and visual cortex (VC) using t‐tests.Results:Both PASL and pCASL yielded comparable respective values for resting CBF (56 ± 3 and 56 ± 4 mL/min/100g) and visually evoked responses (75 ± 5% and 81 ± 4%). Values of CVR determined using pCASL (GM 4.4 ± 0.2, VC 8 ± 1 Δ%CBF/mmHg), however, were significantly higher than those measured using PASL (GM 3.0 ± 0.6, VC 5 ± 1 Δ%CBF/mmHg) in both GM and VC. The percentage of GM voxels in which statistically significant hypercapnia responses were detected was also higher for pCASL (27 ± 5% vs. 16 ± 3% for PASL).Conclusion:pCASL may be less prone to underestimation of CO2‐induced flow changes due to improved label timing control. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:312–321. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copula‐based spatio‐temporal patterns of precipitation extremes in China
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Li Jianfeng , Singh Vijay P. , Xu Chong‐Yu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDaily precipitation data from 590 stations in China covering a period of 1960–2005 are analysed using copulas, the modified Mann–Kendall (MK) trend test and linear regression. Changing characteristics of eight precipitation indices are investigated in both time and space. Results indicate that (1) the regions west of 100°E, particularly northwest China, exhibit a wetting tendency as reflected by increasing/decreasing number of consecutive rain/non‐rain days; (2) the drying tendency is observed mainly in the regions covered by the Yellow River basin, the Huaihe River basin, and the Haihe River basin, and relatively moderate changes in precipitation indices are found in northeast China; (3) precipitation extremes are intensifying in the regions east of 100°E, particularly in case of south China, specifically the lower Yangtze River basin, the southeast rivers and the Pearl River basin. The intensification of precipitation extremes in south China is mirrored mainly by the decreasing number of rain days and increasing number of consecutive non‐rain days. Besides an increasing percentage of P90 to the annual total precipitation, (4) the intensification of precipitation extremes has the potential to increase the probability of occurrence of natural hazards, particularly floods and droughts. The spatial distribution of flood‐ and drought‐affected crop areas is in agreement with that of precipitation extremes, showing considerable impacts of precipitation extremes on meteor‐hydrological hazards. An increasing number of consecutive non‐rain days in south China will cause a higher risk of droughts. The regions east of 100°E are heavily populated and are economically developed. Food security, water security, and sustainable socioeconomy in China urgently call for effective water resource management policy. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
An assessment of changes in seasonal and annual extreme rainfall in the UK between 1961 and 2009
Authors: Jones Mari R. , Fowler Hayley J. , Kilsby Christopher G. , Blenkinsop Stephen 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThere is a growing body of evidence supporting the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's contestation that changes to hydrological extremes as a result of anthropogenic climate change are likely. There is also a growing level of concern among water resource managers about the nature of these changes and how we might adapt our behaviour to accommodate them. In particular, extreme multi‐day rainfall events have been a significant contributing factor to the severe flood events of recent years.Here we provide an updated study of extreme rainfall in the UK, focussing on changes to seasonal and annual maxima over the period 1961‐2009. We employ regional frequency analysis to examine changes in the magnitude of estimated return periods obtained from generalized extreme value distribution curves. Return period estimates are analysed using both the full record and using 10 year intervals to determine the relative importance of natural variability and long‐term changes in extreme rainfall distribution.The magnitude of changes in estimated return periods are spatially varied, and dominated in northern and western parts of the UK by a periodic forcing such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), superimposed on normal seasonal fluctuations. In contrast, seasonality has the greatest influence on event magnitude in the south and east. We confirm that previously reported increases in spring and autumn extreme rainfall events have continued. Similarly, longer duration winter events have continued to increase in intensity, with a decrease in return period estimate from a 25‐year to around a 5‐year event over the full 50 years of record in parts of Scotland and Southwest England. In contrast, short‐duration summer rainfall events have continued to decline in intensity, whereas longer duration events appear to be increasing in intensity. These results may have significant implications for flood defence design and planning, as well as to agricultural practices which may be sensitive to extreme rainfall. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society