bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemolymph Extraction from Various Developmental Stages of the African Butterfly Bicyclus anynana
Authors: Brakefield Paul M. , Beldade Patrícia , Zwaan Bas J. 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes procedures for the extraction of hemolymph from larvae, pupae, and adults of the African butterfly Bicyclus anynana. The hemolymph can subsequently be used for various purposes; the method for processing the hemolymph depends on the question under investigation.
Comet Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (Comet-FISH): Detection of DNA Damage: Figure 1.
Authors: Schlörmann Wiebke , Glei Michael 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONThe Comet-FISH technique is a useful tool for detection of overall and region-specific DNA damage and repair in individual cells. It combines two well-established methods, the Comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The Comet assay serves as the basis of Comet-FISH and is a relatively simple and fast method that allows separation of fragmented from nonfragmented DNA and quantification of DNA damage and repair. FISH enables detection of specifically labeled DNA sequences of interest, including whole chromosomes. The combined technique of Comet-FISH is a modification of the Comet assay that inserts a hybridization step after unwinding and electrophoresis and permits the labeling of specific gene sequences or telomeres. Comet-FISH has been applied for detection of site-specific breaks in DNA regions that are relevant for development of various diseases, and has also been used to study the distribution of DNA damage and repair in the complete genome. Moreover, DNA sequence modifications can be detected in individual cells using Comet-FISH. Whereas results from the Comet assay alone reflect only the level of overall DNA damage, the addition of the FISH technique allows the assignment of the probed sequences to the damaged or undamaged part of the comet (tail or head, respectively).
Metabolic Footprinting for the Study of Microbial Biodiversity
Authors: Pope Georgina A. , MacKenzie Donald A. , Defernez Marianne , Roberts Ian N. 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONMass spectrometric analysis of the metabolome (the complete set of small-molecule metabolites such as metabolic intermediates, hormones, and other signaling molecules, and secondary metabolites to be found within a biological sample, such as a single organism) has become a key component of modern systems biology. Within this broad definition, a number of technical refinements have enabled high-throughput profiling to be performed of the exometabolome (the metabolites that a cell or system excretes under controlled conditions). This technique has become known as metabolic footprinting and was first developed for analysis of yeast single- gene deletion mutants. More recently, it has proved valuable in metabolic profiling and comparative analysis of brewing and medically important yeast biodiversity. Direct injection mass spectrometry (DIMS) enables the direct injection or infusion of a sample, typically into an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS). This article describes a detailed DIMS methodology in which samples of spent media from yeast cultures are introduced into an ESI-MS by direct injection into a flowing solvent (flow injection). DIMS resolves complex mixtures into components differing in ion mass using electrospray ionization, which avoids the need for derivatization and time-consuming chromatographic separation that is found with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method is rapid and discriminatory. Populations of extremely closely related yeast strains can be identified and assigned to clusters of comparable phenotypes, even when standard genetic fingerprinting techniques fail to discriminate among such variants.
Clamping modelling: state‐of‐the‐art and future trends
Authors: Leopold Jürgen , Hong Lu 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between automated assembly and mass production environments such as the manufacture of cars, airplanes and white goods and methods of modelling and simulation. Even in this environment high‐level automated assembly is restricted to the original equipment manufacturers where production volumes are high and flexibility and the ability to quickly reconfigure systems are not major drivers. It proposes modelling of the fixing/assembly process and outlining why and how new methods are important throughout the manufacturing process. The paper aims to expand the domain of co operation of different research institutes, universities and companies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper focuses on typically, fixture design, which involves the identification of clamp, locator, and support points, and the selection of corresponding fixture elements for their respective functions. In addition, the automation of fixture design activities in manufacturing is an important research area, which aims to achieve the integration of design and manufacturing. The most commonly used methods are pointed out.FindingsThe paper summarizes the main modelling and simulation methods applied to new fixing and assembly processes.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the chosen research approach, the paper is more general.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for the development of a powerful new fixing method applied in the automotive and aerospace industry, which is important for stability and easy change in a rough manufacturing environment.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to study how new fixing methods can improve motorcar and aerospace manufacturing.
Vision‐based pipeline girth‐welding robot and image processing of weld seam
Authors: Yue Hong , Li Kai , Zhao Haiwen , Zhang Yi 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce structured light image processing technology into pipeline welding automation projects, and develop a vision‐based pipeline girth‐welding robot. The welding torch can accurately track the weld and complete the omni‐orientation welding automatically.Design/methodology/approachWeld image processing adopts the base theory including Laplacian of Gaussian filter, neighbourhood mean filter, largest variance threshold segmentation and morphologic, etc. obtains good effect of weld recognition.FindingsThe paper uses a vision sensor to achieve the weld character's recognition and extraction, directly control the robot tracking weld to complete automation welding. Compared with the existing pipeline welding devices, it does not need the lay orbit or plot tracking mark, which can shorten the assistant time to improve the productivity.Practical implicationsThe research findings can satisfy the need of whole‐directional automation welding for large diameter transportation pipe's circular abutting weld. It fits for the automation welding for the long‐distance transportation pipe of petroleum, natural gas, and water.Originality/valueAiming at the character recognition and extract of V‐type weld, the method combining the neighbourhood mean filter algorithm with the largest variance threshold segmentation is proposed to obtain the quick weld image processing speed.
A few good women
Authors: Post Corinne , DiTomaso Nancy , Lowe Sarah R. , Farris George F. , Cordero Rene 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to evaluate alternative theories about how perceived innovativeness and perceived relational skills interact with gender to explain evaluations by managers of scientists and engineers' promotability into management.Design/methodology/approachA cross‐sectional design is used. The sample (n=2,278) is drawn from 24 large US corporations. Separate surveys are administered in each corporation to scientists and engineers and to managers evaluating them.FindingsManagers rate men and women equally promotable. Furthermore, women whom managers perceived to be especially innovative receive higher evaluations of promotability than similarly accomplished men. And, among those perceived to have low relational skills, women and men are evaluated similarly.Research limitations/implicationsMore research is needed to evaluate how ambivalent stereotypes and pressures from organizations to suppress categorical thinking might combine to affect evaluation and selection processes in diverse work settings.Practical implicationsCompanies should be concerned about the potential tendency for managers to reward a few individuals when they exceed stereotypical expectations. Employees should be aware of and actively manage the impressions that managers have of them with regard to innovativeness and relational skills.Originality/valueThis paper calls attention to the role of ambivalence and legitimacy theories that predict that women will receive higher evaluations when they exceed stereotypical expectations of innovativeness and that when women do not meet stereotypical expectations of relational skills, managers will temper their harshness in evaluating them. In developing this analysis, it seeks to contribute to the understanding of evaluation processes by considering the context in which evaluations take place.
Gender as a moderator of reciprocal consumer behavior
Authors: Kolyesnikova Natalia , Dodd Tim H. , Wilcox James B. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how purchasing behavior is approached as a customer‐perceived need to reciprocate for services received. The study seeks to examine involvement, knowledge, and identity as predictors of reciprocal consumer behavior. Two components of reciprocity – gratitude and obligation – are expected to mediate the relationships. The effect is expected to be different for men and women.Design/methodology/approachWine was chosen as a product category to test the relationships in the models. Data collection was conducted via distribution of surveys to tasting room visitors at six wineries. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe impact of knowledge, identity, and involvement were important findings from the research. The differences between males and females with regard to their feelings of gratitude and obligation and the impact on purchasing are pronounced. Obligation to make a purchase had a stronger effect on the purchasing behavior of women. In contrast, gratitude (feeling appreciation and thankfulness to personnel) was a stronger reason for men to make a purchase.Practical implicationsKnowledge about different ways in which men and women reciprocate could be useful for researchers and practitioners. Free samples provided to potential buyers, tours of industrial factories where products are also sold, and a variety of service situations are all possible contexts where gratitude and obligation may occur. Purchases are likely to be the result at least in part because of these feelings.Originality/valueThe major contribution of this research is to highlight the role of gender in reciprocity research and to demonstrate the application of this effect in consumer behavior.
Indian Education for All: a change of heart and mind
Authors: Magone Mike , Elser Tammy 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the current status of, and provide guidance for future direction in, the implementation of Indian Education for All, a multicultural education initiative, into Montana's statewide education system.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports on and analyzes the historical foundation, current status, and practical implications of Montana's Indian Education for All initiative. The abbreviated case study utilizes a combination of focus group and individual qualitative interviews of educational leaders representing the Montana state education agency, Montana K‐12 school administration, and the Montana University and Tribal College systems.FindingsMontana educational leaders have made dramatic progress implementing Indian education into Montana's K‐12 schools and university systems. The process is complex on many levels; including political, cultural, organizational, emotional, and financial issues. Many challenges remain before statewide systemic change occurs.Practical implicationsThe study's findings have implications for world cultures and educational systems regarding the creation, organization, and implementation of a multiculturally literate and responsive education system.Originality/valueThe article provides original data regarding the varying degrees of challenge and success experienced by educational leaders in their implementation of multicultural education, with special emphasis on indigenous populations.
Communicating CSR via pharmaceutical company web sites
Authors: Sones Morgan , Grantham Susan , Vieira Edward T. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discover what corporate social responsibility (CSR) message themes are being communicated in selective pharmaceutical companies' mission and core values statements and their relevance to internal and external audiences.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis of five pharmaceutical companies mission and value statement web pages are analyzed. A panel developed a list of key words that are then analyzed and assigned to a level of Lerbinger's pyramid of CSR schema in order to determine if the web site is primarily communicating with internal or external stakeholders.FindingsKeywords communicating the organizations' mission focus on activities that support societal issues relevant to external stakeholders. Keywords communicating the organizations' values support minimizing social costs including employee safety and therefore are of more interest and importance to internal stakeholders. The analysis indicates that the content provided by these five pharmaceutical companies use message frames within specific sections of the web site to communicate with both internal and external stakeholders.Originality/valueThere has been much emphasis on the need for, and benefit of communicating an organization's CSR strategies to stakeholders. This paper evaluates what CSR initiatives are being communicated on pharmaceutical companies' web sites. The results show a strong propensity to communicate with both external and internal stakeholders indicating that some organizations are messaging to both groups.
CSR communication in small and medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Ellerup Nielsen Anne , Thomsen Christa 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how corporate social responsibility (CSR) appears and is communicated in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on theory and research on CSR communication in general and in SMEs and a qualitative case study of the attitudes and beliefs of Danish SME managers regarding CSR and CSR communication.FindingsThe case study demonstrates that CSR is primarily considered to be an ethical and moral issue which is isolated from strategic communication including public relations and reputation management. Rather than being a strategic instrument, CSR seems to be rooted in practice and regulated by the personal values and beliefs of managers. It is argued that in principle, SMEs like the ones in the case study which are based on employee commitment and the use of indirect word‐of‐mouth communication with internal and local stakeholders have a fruitful platform for adopting strategic CSR communication. The problem is how they should communicate CSR to their external stakeholders.Practical implicationsThis paper provides insights into the social and societal commitment of SMEs and ways in which SMEs can respond to the challenges of communicating CSR more explicitly to external stakeholders.Originality/valueAttention is paid to the rather complicated balance between CSR communication as window‐dressing and CSR communication as a strategic instrument.
Leadership conversations: the impact on patient environments
Authors: Macdonald Rachel , Price Ilfryn , Askham Phil 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe aim of this study is to examine 15 NHS acute trusts in England that achieved high scores at all their hospitals in the first four national Patient Environment audits. No common external explanations were discernible. This paper seeks to examine whether the facilities managers responsible for the Patient Environment displayed a consistent leadership style.Design/methodology/approachOverall, six of the 15 trusts gave permission for the research to take place and a series of unstructured interviews and observations were arranged with 22 facilities managers in these trusts. Responses were transcribed and categorised through multiple iteration.FindingsThe research found common leadership and managerial behaviours, many of which could be identified from other literature. The research also identified managers deliberately devoting energy and time to creating networks of conversations. This creation of networks through managing conversation is behaviour less evident in mainstream leadership literature or in the current Department of Health and NHS leadership models.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study offer managers (particularly those in FM and managers across NHS) a unique insight into the potential impact of leaders giving an opportunity to re‐model thinking on management and leadership and the related managerial development opportunities. It provides the leverage to move facilities management from the role of a commodity or support service, to a position as a true enabler of business.Originality/valueOriginal research is presented in a previosuly under‐examined area. The paper illuminates how facilities management within trusts achieving high Patient Environment Action Team (PEAT) scores is led.
Prehospital airway management on rescue helicopters in the United Kingdom
Authors: Schmid M. , Mang H. , Ey K. , Schüttler J. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryAdequate equipment is one prerequisite for advanced, out of hospital, airway management. There are no data on current availability of airway equipment on UK rescue helicopters. An internet search revealed all UK rescue helicopters, and a questionnaire was sent to the bases asking for available airway management items. We identified 27 helicopter bases and 26 (96%) sent the questionnaire back. Twenty‐four bases (92%) had at least one supraglottic airway device; 16 (62%) helicopters had material for establishing a surgical airway (e.g. a cricothyroidotomy set); 88% of the helicopters had CO2 detection; 25 (96%) helicopters carried automatic ventilators; among these, four (15%) had sophisticated ventilators and seven (27%) helicopters carried special face masks suitable for non‐invasive ventilation. We found a wide variation in the advanced airway management equipment that was carried routinely on air ambulances. Current guidelines for airway management are not met by all UK air ambulances.
The formulation and introduction of a ‘can't intubate, can't ventilate’ algorithm into clinical practice
Authors: Heard A. M. B. , Green R. J. , Eakins P. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryBoth the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Difficult Airway Society of the United Kingdom have published guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult intubation. Both algorithms end with the ‘can't intubate, can't ventilate’ scenario. This eventuality is rare within elective anaesthetic practice with an estimated incidence of 0.01–2 in 10 000 cases, making the maintenance of skills and knowledge difficult. Over the last four years, the Department of Anaesthetics at the Royal Perth Hospital have developed a didactic airway training programme to ensure staff are appropriately trained to manage difficult and emergency airways. This article discusses our training programme, the evaluation of emergency airway techniques and subsequent development of a ‘can't intubate, can't ventilate’ algorithm.
AXIOLOGY, SELF‐DECEPTION, AND MORAL WRONGDOING IN BLAISE PASCAL'S PENSÉES
Authors: Wood William D. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTBlaise Pascal is highly regarded as a religious moralist, but he has rarely been given his due as an ethical theorist. The goal of this article is to assemble Pascal's scattered thoughts on moral judgment and moral wrongdoing into an explicit, coherent account that can serve as the basis for further scholarly reflection on his ethics. On my reading, Pascal affirms an axiological, social‐intuitionist account of moral judgment and moral wrongdoing. He argues that a moral judgment is an immediate, intuitive perception of moral value that we willfully disregard in favor of the attractive, though self‐deceptive, deliverances of our socially constructed imaginations. We can deceive ourselves so easily because our capacity to evaluate goods is broken, a dark legacy of the fall. In the article's concluding section, I briefly compare Pascal to contemporary ethicists and suggest directions for future research.
Prevalence of ‘deep’ rectal varices in patients with cirrhosis: an EUS‐based study
Authors: Wiechowska‐Kozłowska Anna , Białek Andrzej , Milkiewicz Piotr 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) permits identification of dilated veins of the intrinsic rectal venous system (deep varices) in portal hypertension. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to assess the prevalence of, and risk factors for, deep rectal varices, using EUS.Methods: A cohort of 96 patients with cirrhosis was studied. Both routine rectoscopy and rectal EUS were performed. Deep varices were assessed as peri‐rectal and para‐rectal. A three‐grade scale was used to assess the size of the deep varices.Results: On rectoscopic examination, congestive rectopathy was seen in 11(11%) patients, blue veins in 36(38%) and rectal varices in 13 (14%). On EUS, deep varices were seen in 49(51%) subjects. Small peri‐rectal varices were seen in 29 (30%) patients and large peri‐rectal varices in 10 (10%). Small para‐rectal varices were seen in 22 (23%) patients and large para‐rectal in 13 (14%). Of the 83 patients without rectal varices on rectoscopy, 39 (47%) had varices detectable with EUS. Patients with large deep varices had more advanced liver disease and significantly thicker rectal wall. They did not differ from other patients in terms of the other analysed factors.Conclusion: EUS permits identification of deep rectal varices in a large proportion of patients without detectable varices on rectoscopy. Unlike in previous study, we found that the presence of large deep rectal varices correlates with the degree of liver failure and thickness of rectal wall but not with the grade of portal hypertension in the oesophagus or the stomach. The clinical significance of these varices is uncertain and requires further study.