bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
'In kompagnie geordonneert en geschildert'. Een onderzoek naar de ontstaansgeschiedenis van het Aardse Paradijs van Peter Paul Rubens en Jan Brueghel d.O
Authors: Tamis Dorien 
Published: July 2010

AbstractJan Brueghel the Elder and Peter Paul Rubens: what was their respective contributions to Adam and Eve in Paradise, the painting in the Mauritshuis at The Hague the two artists produced in collaboration? Early eighteenth-century authors such as Houbraken and Weyerman assumed their shares were equal, but opinions differ considerably in scholarly art-historical literature. In order to gain more insight into the nature of the collaboration, Adam and Eve in Paradise, is first compared with other joint efforts by the two artists. A second approach is to examine the pictorial sources used for (elements of) the painting. Finally tracing the genesis of the work step by step from the purchase of the panel to the placement of the signature yields information about the progress of the collaboration. What the examination of the painted surface of Adam and Eve in Paradise reveals about the sequence of the operation is in accordance with what can be deduced from Jan Brueghel the Younger's diary entries about works for which another figure painter was recruited. It confirms that Jan Brueghel the Elder must have been the initiator and seller of the The Hague painting. But it is Rubens' artistry that makes the painting unique, and his contribution to the composition is particularly evident from the pictorial sources. The whole is more than merely the sum of the parts painted by the two artists: it is a genuine partnership, which must have involved mutual consultation.
Gilles I Coignet: De Waarheid verheven?
Authors: Miedema Hessel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA painting by Gillis Coignet of I596 (fig. I) which recently appeared on the art market shows an allegory whose explicit meaning is unclear, there being no text in the cartellino in the lower left-hand corner. The representation is based on a type derived from Democritus of Time releasing Truth from oblivion, vainly obstructed by negative forces such as envy and falsehood. The type, which was illustrated previously by Coignet (fig. 4) is based on the vignette of the Venetian publisher Francesco Marcolini ("Veritas filia temporis") (fig. 3). In Coignets painting there can however be no question of Time, for the depicted figure, a winged grey-haired man, in goat-footed legs, which identifies him as Pan, who stands for the revealed universe but in Platos Kratylos 408 BC is interpreted as the language which indicates everything ("TO IIâν") both for good and evil, so that he is pictured from above as a human being and at the bottom as a goat. Although the two figures cannot be identified precisely, Coignet has evidently transformed an existing theme with the aid of mythographical interpretations into an allegory which may be understood in this sense: the naked female figure symbolises a pure principle (truth, righteous judgement, vita contemplativa), Pan, his head glowing golden from the sky above, indicates human understanding, i.e. human endeavour. Small scenes in the background indicate a religious context, which may be connected with the fact that Coignet had just moved house for the second time, probably for religious reasons.
Über Die Lichtempfindlichkeit Der Ambulakralfüsschen Des Seesterns (Asterias Rubens)
Authors: Van Weel P.B. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract1 . Die Ambulakralfüsschen und wahrscheinlich auch die Terminaltentakel von Asterias rubens sind lichtempfindlich. 2. Es gibt ein Lichtminimum, ein Optimum und ein Maximum. (Veilleicht ist das Licht imstande eine gewisse Hemmung einzuschalten). 3. Auch die Haut ist lichtempfindlich. 4. Es ist sehr wahrscheinlich, dass die Haut den Organismus bei drohender Gefahr, d.h. wenn plötzlich ein beweglicher Schatten auf die Haut fällt, "warnen" kann. Schliesslich möchte ich meinem verehrten Lehrer, Herrn Prof. Dr. H. J. JORDAN für seine Kritik, und meinem Freund, Herrn H. HIRSCH, für seine Verbesserung des Manuskriptes herzlichst danken.
The Three Species of Trogontherium, With a Remark On Anchitheriomys
Authors: Schreuder A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree species of Trogontherium have existcd in Eurazia. The geologically oldest is the beaverrat-sized Upper-Pliocene Trog. minus Newton of the lowest strata (Nodule Bed) of the Red Crag in East-Anglia and in the Astian fauna of Roussillon. It also occurred in Siberia. The type skull of the beaver-sized Trog. boisvilletti (Laugel) has been found in St. Prest, near Paris, and all the isolated skeleton bones are known from the Trogontherium Clay of Tegelen in the Netherlands, where this gnawer was abundant among an Upper-Villafranchian fauna (Archidiskodon meridionalis, (archaeic type), Eucladoceros, Sus strozzii, Leptobos, Mimomys pliocaenicus, etc.) of the Günz-interstadium. Of the third species, Trog. cuvieri Fischer, the jaws and teeth were distinctly larger and the skull more specialized by the existance of a ductus pneumaticus cranii, similar to that of the American Castoroides. The sands of Mosbach yielded the richest material of this species. The generic name of Amblycastor (MATTHEW, 1918) has to give way to that of Anchitheriomys (ROGER, 1898) for the beaver-sized Upper-Miocene castorid of the holarctic area, because the diagnosis of the genus Amblycastor (STIRTON, 1935) fits exactly Anchitheriomys the knowledge of which has been considerably augmented by SEEMANN (1938).
HLA-DRB1*1501 tagging rs3135388 polymorphism is not associated with neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Matiello Marcelo , Schaefer-Klein Janet , Brum Doralina G , Atkinson Elizabeth J , Kantarci Orhun H , Weinshenker Brian G , the NMO genetics collaborators  
Published: July 2010

Background: Association of the HLA-DRB1*1501 allele with multiple sclerosis is well established, but its association with neuromyelitis optica has only been evaluated in small populations. Methods: We performed a case-control genetic association study to evaluate the association of HLA-DRB1*1501 with neuromyelitis optica. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs3135388, which tags HLA-DRB1*1501, was genotyped in 164 patients with neuromyelitis optica, 220 patients with multiple sclerosis and 959 controls matched for age, gender and ethnicity. Genotyping for rs3135388 was performed by Taqman-based 5' nuclease assay. Results: Rs3135388*A was positively associated with multiple sclerosis (OR = 3.93; 95% CI = 2.58—5.97, p = 1.18 × 10-09) but negatively associated with NMO (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.36—0.91, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica differ in their associations with DRB1*1501.
Sickle cell disease resulting from uniparental disomy in a child who inherited sickle cell trait
Authors: Swensen Jeffrey J. , Agarwal Archana M. , Esquilin Jose M. , Swierczek Sabina , Perumbeti Ajay , Hussey Dottie , Lee Margaret , Joiner Clinton H. , Pont-Kingdon Genevieve , Lyon Elaine , Prchal Josef T. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a classic example of a disorder with recessive Mendelian inheritance, in which each parent contributes one mutant allele to an affected offspring. However, there are exceptions to that rule. We describe here the first reported case of conversion of inherited sickle cell trait to SCD by uniparental disomy (UPD) resulting in mosaicism for SS and AS erythrocytes. A 14-year-old boy presented with splenomegaly and hemolysis. Although his father has sickle cell trait, his mother has no abnormal hemoglobin (Hb). DNA sequencing, performed to rule out Hb S/β-thalassemia, detected homozygous Hb SS. Further studies revealed mosaic UPD of the β-globin locus, more SS erythroid progenitors than AS, but a reverse ratio of erythrocytes resulting from the survival advantage of AS erythrocytes. This report exemplifies non-Mendelian genetics wherein a patient who inherited sickle cell trait has mild SCD resulting from postzygotic mitotic recombination leading to UPD.
Knowledge-based annotation of small molecule binding sites in proteins
Authors: Thangudu Ratna R , Tyagi Manoj , Shoemaker Benjamin A , Bryant Stephen H , Panchenko Anna R , Madej Thomas 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The study of protein-small molecule interactions is vital for understanding protein function and for practical applications in drug discovery. To benefit from the rapidly increasing structural data, it is essential to improve the tools that enable large scale binding site prediction with greater emphasis on their biological validity.

Results
We have developed a new method for the annotation of protein-small molecule binding sites, using inference by homology, which allows us to extend annotation onto protein sequences without experimental data available. To ensure biological relevance of binding sites, our method clusters similar binding sites found in homologous protein structures based on their sequence and structure conservation. Binding sites which appear evolutionarily conserved among non-redundant sets of homologous proteins are given higher priority. After binding sites are clustered, position specific score matrices (PSSMs) are constructed from the corresponding binding site alignments. Together with other measures, the PSSMs are subsequently used to rank binding sites to assess how well they match the query and to better gauge their biological relevance. The method also facilitates a succinct and informative representation of observed and inferred binding sites from homologs with known three-dimensional structures, thereby providing the means to analyze conservation and diversity of binding modes. Furthermore, the chemical properties of small molecules bound to the inferred binding sites can be used as a starting point in small molecule virtual screening. The method was validated by comparison to other binding site prediction methods and to a collection of manually curated binding site annotations. We show that our method achieves a sensitivity of 72% at predicting biologically relevant binding sites and can accurately discriminate those sites that bind biological small molecules from non-biological ones.

Conclusions
A new algorithm has been developed to predict binding sites with high accuracy in terms of their biological validity. It also provides a common platform for function prediction, knowledge-based docking and for small molecule virtual screening. The method can be applied even for a query sequence without structure. The method is available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/ibis/ibis.cgi.
Cardiovascular effects of sub-daily levels of ambient fine particles: a systematic review
Authors: Burgan Omar , Smargiassi Audrey , Perron Stéphane , Kosatsky Tom 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
While the effects of daily fine particulate exposure (PM) have been well reviewed, the epidemiological and physiological evidence of cardiovascular effects associated to sub-daily exposures has not. We performed a theoretical model-driven systematic non-meta-analytical literature review to document the association between PM sub-daily exposures (≤6 hours) and arrhythmia, ischemia and myocardial infarction (MI) as well as the likely mechanisms by which sub-daily PM exposures might induce these acute cardiovascular effects. This review was motivated by the assessment of the risk of exposure to elevated sub-daily levels of PM during fireworks displays.

Methods
Medline and Elsevier's EMBase were consulted for the years 1996-2008. Search keywords covered potential cardiovascular effects, the pollutant of interest and the short duration of the exposure. Only epidemiological and experimental studies of adult humans (age > 18 yrs) published in English were reviewed. Information on design, population and PM exposure characteristics, and presence of an association with selected cardiovascular effects or physiological assessments was extracted from retrieved articles.

Results
Of 231 articles identified, 49 were reviewed. Of these, 17 addressed the relationship between sub-daily exposures to PM and cardiovascular effects: five assessed ST-segment depression indicating ischemia, eight assessed arrhythmia or fibrillation and five considered MI. Epidemiologic studies suggest that exposure to sub-daily levels of PM is associated with MI and ischemic events in the elderly. Epidemiological studies of sub-daily exposures suggest a plausible biological mechanism involving the autonomic nervous system while experimental studies suggest that vasomotor dysfunction may also relate to the occurrence of MI and ischemic events.

Conclusions
Future studies should clarify associations between cardiovascular effects of sub-daily PM exposure with PM size fraction and concurrent gaseous pollutant exposures. Experimental studies appear more promising for elucidating the physiological mechanisms, time courses and causes than epidemiological studies which employ central pollution monitors for measuring effects and for assessing their time course. Although further studies are needed to strengthen the evidence, given that exposure to sub-daily high levels of PM (for a few hours) is frequent and given the suggestive evidence that sub-daily PM exposures are associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular effects, we recommend that persons with cardiovascular diseases avoid such situations.
Physical activity and depressive symptoms in adolescents: a prospective study
Authors: Rothon Catherine , Edwards Phil , Bhui Kamaldeep , Viner Russell M , Taylor Stephanie , Stansfeld Stephen A 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The frequency of mental illness amongst adolescents and its potential long-term consequences make it an important topic to research in relation to risk and protective factors. Research on the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in adolescents is limited. There is a particular lack of evidence from longitudinal studies. This study examines the relationship between depression and physical activity using the Research with East London Adolescents: Community Health Survey (RELACHS).

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study. Participants were recruited from three Local Education Authority boroughs in East London in 2001 from year 7 (aged 11-12) and year 9 (aged 13-14) and were followed-up in 2003. All pupils in the 28 schools that took part were eligible for the study. Of the total 3,322 pupils eligible for the survey the overall response rate was 84% (2,789 pupils). A total of 2,093 (75%) pupils were also followed-up in 2003. The sample was multiethnic (73% of respondents were non-white) and deprived. Just under half of the sample was male (49%). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

Results
After adjustments, there was evidence for a cross-sectional association between physical activity and depressive symptoms for both boys and girls at baseline, with a decrease in the odds of depressive symptoms of about 8% for each additional hour of exercise undertaken per week (boys: odds ratio (OR) = 0.92, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.99; girls: OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.00). There was no evidence for an association between a change in physical activity from baseline to follow-up and depressive symptoms at follow-up.

Conclusions
This study provides some evidence for an association between level of physical activity and decreased depressive symptoms in adolescents. Further longitudinal research of these associations is required before physical activity can be recommended as an intervention for depression in adolescents.
Exercise increases interleukin-10 levels both intraarticularly and peri-synovially in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Helmark Ida C , Mikkelsen Ulla R , Børglum Jens , Rothe Anders , Petersen Marie CH , Andersen Ove , Langberg Henning , Kjaer Michael 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Introduction
The microdialysis method was applied to the human knee joint with osteoarthritis (OA) in order to reveal changes in biochemical markers of cartilage and inflammation, intraarticularly and in the synovium, in response to a single bout of mechanical joint loading.

Methods
Thirty-one female subjects with OA of the knee were randomized to non-exercise (NEx) or exercise (Ex) groups. Following acute resistance exercise (25 sets of 10 repetitions at 60% of 1 Repetition Maximum) or none (NEx), peripheral nerve blocks just below the inguinal ligament were applied and two microdialysis catheters were positioned in two different compartments, intraarticularly and peri-synovially. The microdialysis catheters were perfused at a slow rate (2 μl/minute) with a solution of Ringer-acetate and radioactively labelled glucose allowing for determination of relative recovery (RR) and calculation of interstitial concentrations of inflammatory and cartilage biomarkers over a three-hour period.

Results
A significant increase of Interleukin (IL) -10 was discovered in both positions of the knee in the Ex group over the three hours post exercise, whereas IL-10 remained stationary over time in the NEx group. IL-6 and IL-8 displayed significant increases over time regardless of group and position of the catheter. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) decreased intraarticularly in the post exercise period in the Ex group compared to the NEx group.

Conclusions
Exercise caused an increase in both intraarticular and peri-synovial concentrations of IL-10 in a group of human females with knee OA. This suggests a positive effect of exercise on a chondroprotective anti-inflammatory cytokine response in patients with knee OA and might contribute to explaining the beneficial effect that exercise has on OA.

Trial registration
NCT01090375.
Increased duration of mechanical ventilation is associated with decreased diaphragmatic force: a prospective observational study
Authors: Hermans Greet , Agten Anouk , Testelmans Dries , Decramer Marc , Gayan-Ramirez Ghislaine 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Respiratory muscle weakness is an important risk factor for delayed weaning. Animal data show that mechanical ventilation itself can cause atrophy and weakness of the diaphragm, called ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD). Transdiaphragmatic pressure after magnetic stimulation (TwPdi BAMPS) allows evaluation of diaphragm strength. We aimed to evaluate the repeatability of TwPdi BAMPS in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients and to describe the relation between TwPdi and the duration of mechanical ventilation.

Methods
This was a prospective observational study in critically ill and mechanically ventilated patients, admitted to the medical intensive care unit of a university hospital. Nineteen measurements were made in a total of 10 patients at various intervals after starting mechanical ventilation. In seven patients, measurements were made on two or more occasions, with a minimum interval of 24 hours.

Results
The TwPdi was 11.5 ± 3.9 cm H2O (mean ± SD), indicating severe respiratory muscle weakness. The between-occasion coefficient of variation of TwPdi was 9.7%, comparable with data from healthy volunteers. Increasing duration of mechanical ventilation was associated with a logarithmic decline in TwPdi (R = 0.69; P = 0.038). This association was also found for cumulative time on pressure control (R = 0.71; P = 0.03) and pressure-support ventilation (P = 0.05; R = 0.66) separately, as well as for cumulative dose of propofol (R = 0.66; P = 0.05) and piritramide (R = 0.79; P = 0.01).

Conclusions
Duration of mechanical ventilation is associated with a logarithmic decline in diaphragmatic force, which is compatible with the concept of VIDD. The observed decline may also be due to other potentially contributing factors such as sedatives/analgesics, sepsis, or others.
Evidence for natural antisense transcript-mediated inhibition of microRNA function
Authors: Faghihi Mohammad Ali , Zhang Ming , Huang Jia , Modarresi Farzaneh , Van der Brug Marcel P , Nalls Michael A , Cookson Mark R , St-Laurent Georges , Wahlestedt Claes 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have the potential to regulate diverse sets of mRNA targets. In addition, mammalian genomes contain numerous natural antisense transcripts, most of which appear to be non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). We have recently identified and characterized a highly conserved non-coding antisense transcript for beta-secretase-1 (BACE1), a critical enzyme in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. The BACE1-antisense transcript is markedly up-regulated in brain samples from Alzheimer's disease patients and promotes the stability of the (sense) BACE1 transcript.

Results
We report here that BACE1-antisense prevents miRNA-induced repression of BACE1 mRNA by masking the binding site for miR-485-5p. Indeed, miR-485-5p and BACE1-antisense compete for binding within the same region in the open reading frame of the BACE1 mRNA. We observed opposing effects of BACE1-antisense and miR-485-5p on BACE1 protein in vitro and showed that Locked Nucleic Acid-antimiR mediated knockdown of miR-485-5p as well as BACE1-antisense over-expression can prevent the miRNA-induced BACE1 suppression. We found that the expression of BACE1-antisense as well as miR-485-5p are dysregulated in RNA samples from Alzheimer's disease subjects compared to control individuals.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate an interface between two distinct groups of regulatory RNAs in the computation of BACE1 gene expression. Moreover, bioinformatics analyses revealed a theoretical basis for many other potential interactions between natural antisense transcripts and miRNAs at the binding sites of the latter.
A Nonlinear Relationship of Generalized and Central Obesity with Diurnal Cortisol Secretion in the Whitehall II Study
Authors: Kumari Meena , Chandola Tarani , Brunner Eric , Kivimaki Mika 
Published: July 2010

Context: Evidence for an association of measures of generalized and central obesity with salivary cortisol secretion is equivocal.
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and salivary cortisol.
Design: The design was a cross-sectional study of BMI, waist circumference, and salivary cortisol from phase 7 (2002–2004) of the Whitehall II study.
Setting: The occupational cohort was originally recruited in 1985–1988.
Participants: Participants included 2915 men and 1041 women aged 50–74 yr with complete information on height, weight and waist circumference, and cortisol secretion.
Outcome Measures: Saliva samples were taken on waking, waking plus 0.5, 2.5, 8, and 12 h, and bedtime for the assessment of cortisol. The cortisol awakening response and slope in diurnal secretion were calculated.
Results: After adjustment for age, sex, social position, waking time, and time since waking of sample collection, increasing central and generalized obesity was associated with lower waking cortisol (P = 0.001). U-shaped associations were apparent between diurnal slope in salivary cortisol and both BMI and waist circumference (P &lt; 0.0001 for quadratic term). For example, the shallowest (most adverse) slopes in salivary cortisol were associated with highest (&gt;31 kg/m2) and lowest (&lt;21 kg/m2) levels of BMI, and the steepest slopes were apparent for those with BMI of 26 kg/m2, independently of the 12 covariates examined. No associations were apparent for the cortisol awakening response (P &gt; 0.05).
Conclusion: The associations of measures of generalized and central obesity with diurnal slope in salivary cortisol are not linear in older adults. These nonlinear associations may explain previously described mixed findings.