bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latitudinal distribution and mitochondrial DNA (COI) variability of Stereotydeus spp. (Acari: Prostigmata) in Victoria Land and the central Transantarctic Mountains
Authors: Demetras Nicholas J. , Hogg Ian D. , Banks Jonathan C. , Adams Byron J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe examined mitochondrial DNA (COI) variability and distribution of Stereotydeus spp. in Victoria Land and the Transantarctic Mountains, and constructed Neighbour Joining (NJ) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees using all publicly available COI sequences for the three Stereotydeus species present (S. belli, S. mollis and S. shoupi). We also included new COI sequences from Miers, Marshall and Garwood valleys in southern Victoria Land (78°S), as well as from the Darwin (79°S) and Beardmore Glacier (83°S) regions. Both NJ and ML methods produced trees which were similar in topology differing only in the placement of the single available S. belli sequence from Cape Hallett (72°S) and a S. mollis haplotype from Miers Valley. Pairwise sequence divergences among species ranged from 9.5–18.1%. NJ and ML grouped S. shoupi from the Beardmore Glacier region as sister to those from the Darwin with pairwise divergences of 8%. These individuals formed a monophyletic clade with high bootstrap support basal to S. mollis and S. belli. Based on these new data, we suggest that the distributional range of S. shoupi extends northward to Darwin Glacier and that a barrier to dispersal for Stereotydeus, and possibly other arthropods, exists immediately to the north of this area.
Cytogenetic diversity in the Antarctic plunderfishes (Notothenioidei: Artedidraconidae)
Authors: Ghigliotti Laura , Near Thomas J. , Ferrando Sara , Vacchi Marino , Pisano Eva 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAntarctic plunderfishes (Notothenioidei, Artedidraconidae) are important components of the Southern Ocean fish fauna. As a contribution to the Victoria Land Transect Project, we performed a cytogenetic analysis of six species from three of the four artedidraconid genera,Artedidraco glareobarbatus,A. orianae,A. skottsbergi,A. shackletoni,Histiodraco velifer, andPogonophrynesp. We investigated the species-specific cytogenetic features and highlighted patterns of chromosomal evolutionary change using a molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Despite a conserved diploid number, some important karyotypic traits account for major differences among artedidraconid species. Specific cytogenetic features, including the chromosomal organization of ribosomal genes and the occurrence of sex chromosomes, are characteristics ofA. skottsbergi, making this species distinct among those studied. These chromosomal peculiarities are consistent with the phylogenetic hypothesis resolvingA. skottsbergias the sister lineage of all other Artedidraconidae. A karyological similarity was found betweenA. glareobarbatusandA. shackletoniconsistent with their inferred sister species relationship in the phylogeny. The results indicate that artedidraconids are not conservative in their genomic organization at the chromosomal level and provide new evidence for the degree of biological diversity in this notothenioid group.
Characterization of active layer water contents in the McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica
Authors: Seybold C.A. , Balks M.R. , Harms D.S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe liquid soil water contents in the seasonally thawed layer (active layer) were characterized from seven soil climate monitoring sites - four coastal sites from south to north (Minna Bluff, Scott Base, Marble Point and Granite Harbour), and inland sites from low to high altitude (Wright Valley, Victoria Valley and Mount Fleming). Mean water contents ranged from 0.013 m3 m-3 near the surface at Victoria Valley to 0.33 m3 m-3 near the ice-cemented layer at Granite Harbour. The coastal sites have greater soil water contents than the McMurdo Dry Valley and Mount Fleming sites, and moisture contents increase with depth in the active layer. The Wright Valley site receives very little infiltration from snowmelt, with none in most years. All other sites, except Mount Fleming, received between one and four wetting events per summer, and infiltrated water moved to greater depths (≈ 10–25 cm). The Scott Base and Granite Harbour sites are on sloping ground and receive a subsurface flow of water along the ice-cemented permafrost. Our findings indicate that water contents are low with very little recharge, are greatly influenced by the local microclimate and topography, and show no significant increasing or decreasing trend over 10 years of monitoring.
Spatial variations in the geochemistry of glacial meltwater streams in the Taylor Valley, Antarctica
Authors: Welch Kathleen A. , Lyons W. Berry , Whisner Carla , Gardner Christopher B. , Gooseff Michael N. , McKnight Diane M. , Priscu John C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractStreams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, flow during the summer melt season (4–12 weeks) when air temperatures are close to the freezing point of water. Because of the low precipitation rates, streams originate from glacial meltwater and flow to closed-basin lakes on the valley floor. Water samples have been collected from the streams in the Dry Valleys since the start of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long-Term Ecological Research project in 1993 and these have been analysed for ions and nutrient chemistry. Controls such as landscape position, morphology of the channels, and biotic and abiotic processes are thought to influence the stream chemistry. Sea-salt derived ions tend to be higher in streams that are closer to the ocean and those streams that drain the Taylor Glacier in western Taylor Valley. Chemical weathering is an important process influencing stream chemistry throughout the Dry Valleys. Nutrient availability is dependent on landscape age and varies with distance from the coast. The streams in Taylor Valley span a wide range in composition and total dissolved solids and are surprisingly similar to a wide range of much larger temperate and tropical river systems.
Relationships between periglacial features and vegetation development in Victoria Land, continental Antarctica
Authors: Cannone N. , Guglielmin M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe relationships between vegetation patterns and periglacial features and their underlying ecology are still poorly understood and lack specific investigations in Antarctica. Here we present the results of vegetation colonization of different types of sorted patterned ground and gelifluction features (lobes and terracettes) at four sites in northern Victoria Land. This paper aims to understand the relationships between vegetation and the most widespread periglacial features in Victoria Land, discuss the role of periglacial features and vegetation in determining the ground surface temperature, and assess whether periglacial features provide ecological niches for vegetation colonization and development. Vegetation patterns are influenced by the feature type, mainly relating to patterned ground and debris island versus gelifluction features. The relations between vegetation and the periglacial features investigated in continental Antarctic are similar to those described for the Arctic, although in this part of the Antarctic vegetation is exclusively composed of cryptogams. Frost heave, ground texture and relief associated with different types of periglacial features provide a range of ecological niches sustaining vegetation biodiversity. Our data confirm the importance of periglacial features in shaping flora and vegetation biodiversity, as previously assessed only for the soil fauna in continental Antarctic.
Cosmogenic nuclide exposure age constraints on the glacial history of the Lake Wellman area, Darwin Mountains, Antarctica
Authors: Storey B.C. , Fink D. , Hood D. , Joy K. , Shulmeister J. , Riger-Kusk M. , Stevens M.I. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe present direct terrestrial evidence of ice volume change of the Darwin and Hatherton glaciers which channel ice from the Transantarctic Mountains into the Ross Ice Shelf. Combining glacial geomorphology with cosmogenic exposure ages from 25 erratics indicates a pre-LGM ice volume at least 600 m thicker than current Hatherton ice elevation was established at least 2.2 million years ago. In particular, five erratics spread across a drift deposit at intermediate elevations located below a prominent moraine feature mapped previously as demarcating the LGM ice advance limits, give a well-constrained single population with mean 10Be age of 37.0 ± 5.5 ka (1σ). At lower elevations of 50–100 m above the surface of Lake Wellman, a further five samples from within a younger drift deposit range in exposure age from 1 to 19 ka. Our preferred age model interpretation, which is partly dependent on the selection of a minimum or maximum age-elevation model, suggests that LGM ice volume was not as large as previously estimated and constrains LGM ice elevation to be within ± 50 m of the modern Hatherton Glacier ice surface, effectively little different from what is observed today.
The formal ball model for -categories
Authors: KOSTANEK MATEUSZ , WASZKIEWICZ PAWEŁ 
Published: December 2010

We generalise the construction of the formal ball model for metric spaces due to A. Edalat and R. Heckmann in order to obtain computational models for separated-categories. We fully describe-categories that are(a)Yoneda complete(b)continuous Yoneda completevia their formal ball models. Our results yield solutions to two open problems in the theory of quasi-metric spaces by showing that:(a)a quasi-metric spaceXis Yoneda complete if and only if its formal ball model is a dcpo, and(b)a quasi-metric spaceXis continuous and Yoneda complete if and only if its formal ball modelBXis a domain that admits a simple characterisation of approximation.
Numerical ecology validates a biogeographical distribution and gender-based effect on mucosa-associated bacteria along the human colon
Authors: de Cárcer Daniel Aguirre , Cuív Páraic Ó , Wang Tingting , Kang Seungha , Worthley Daniel , Whitehall Vicki , Gordon Iain , McSweeney Chris , Leggett Barbara , Morrison Mark 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
We applied constrained ordination numerical ecology methods to data produced with a human intestinal tract-specific phylogenetic microarray (the Aus-HIT Chip) to examine the microbial diversity associated with matched biopsy tissue samples taken from the caecum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon and rectum of 10 healthy patients. Consistent with previous studies, the profiles revealed a marked intersubject variability; however, the numerical ecology methods of analysis allowed the subtraction of the subject effect from the data and revealed, for the first time, evidence of a longitudinal gradient for specific microbes along the colorectum. In particular, probes targeting Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp. produced strongest signals with caecal and transverse colon samples, with a gradual decline through to the rectum. Conversely, the analyses suggest that several members of the Enterobacteriaceae increase in relative abundance towards the rectum. These collective differences were substantiated by the multivariate analysis of quantitative PCR data. We were also able to identify differences in the microarray profiles, especially for the streptococci and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, on the basis of gender. The results derived by these multivariate analyses are biologically intuitive and suggest that the biogeography of the colonic mucosa can be monitored for changes through cross-sectional and/or inception cohort studies.
Abundances and potential activities of nitrogen cycling microbial communities along a chronosequence of a glacier forefield
Authors: Brankatschk Robert , Töwe Stefanie , Kleineidam Kristina , Schloter Michael , Zeyer Josef 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Glacier forefields are ideal ecosystems to study the development of nutrient cycles as well as single turnover processes during soil development. In this study, we examined the ecology of the microbial nitrogen (N) cycle in bulk soil samples from a chronosequence of the Damma glacier, Switzerland. Major processes of the N cycle were reconstructed on the genetic as well as the potential enzyme activity level at sites of the chronosequence that have been ice-free for 10, 50, 70, 120 and 2000 years. In our study, we focused on N fixation, mineralization (chitinolysis and proteolysis), nitrification and denitrification. Our results suggest that mineralization, mainly the decomposition of deposited organic material, was the main driver for N turnover in initial soils, that is, ice-free for 10 years. Transient soils being ice-free for 50 and 70 years were characterized by a high abundance of N fixing microorganisms. In developed soils, ice-free for 120 and 2000 years, significant rates of nitrification and denitrification were measured. Surprisingly, copy numbers of the respective functional genes encoding the corresponding enzymes were already high in the initial phase of soil development. This clearly indicates that the genetic potential is not the driver for certain functional traits in the initial phase of soil formation but rather a well-balanced expression of the respective genes coding for selected functions.
Bioinformatics analysis of homologies between pathogen antigens, autoantigens and the CFTR cystic fibrosis protein: A role for immunoadsorption therapy?
Authors: Carter Christopher 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe cystic fibrosis CFTR chloride channel is involved in pathogen entry into epithelial cells, and provides the glutathione and hypochlorous acid necessary for bactericidal and viricidal actions. CFTR mutations block these effects, diminishing pathogen defence and allowing pathogen accumulation in the extracellular space, where antibody encounter is likely. The pathogen antigens observed in cystic fibrosis (including P. Aeruginosa, S.Aureus and S.Maltophilia proteins) are homologous to the autoantigens reported in cystic fibrosis and all are homologous to the CFTR protein itself. Antibodies to pathogens and autoantigens may also target the CFTR protein, acting as antagonists, further compromising its function. The tripartite relationship between pathogen antigens, autoantigens and the CFTR protein creates a feed forward cycle, diminishing the function of the CFTR protein and increasing the probability of pathogen accumulation and further antibody encounters at every turn. Kegg pathway analysis of the CFTR/autoantigen interactome indicates that the CFTR protein is also involved in pathogen entry pathways, diabetes and pancreatic and gastric acid secretion pathways, in pathways related to cardiac myopathy, and in the gonadotrophin signalling network, all which are relevant to cystic fibrosis. Interruption of this cycle by antigen and antibody adsorption, and possibly by immunosuppressant therapy may perhaps be of clinical benefit in cystic fibrosis.
The Impact of Sudden Hearing Loss Secondary to Heroin Overdose on Fitting Outcomes
Authors: Nair Erika L. , Cienkowski Kathleen M. , Michaelides Elias 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThere are few cases in the literature that report the auditory effects of heroin overdose. Follow-up and rehabilitation in these cases are unreported. In the case reported here, a 29-year-old woman presented with sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss subsequent to reported heroin overdose. She was fitted with binaural amplification and monitored over 3 months.MethodThe Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults—Screening version (HHIA–S), Expected Consequences of Hearing Aid Ownership (ECHO), and Satisfaction With Amplification in Daily Life (SADL) were administered after hearing aid fitting. These measures assessed the patient’s perceptions of handicap as well as her expectations of and satisfaction with amplification.ResultsThe patient’s responses on the HHIA–S were higher than normative values at the time of the incident, indicating perceptions of greater handicap. Her perceptions of handicap decreased after having been fit with hearing aids. Responses on the SADL and ECHO were within normative values.ConclusionThis case provides a framework for managing the rehabilitation of this population. Audiologists need to understand their role in the careful monitoring of hearing rehabilitation and how they may help in determining complaints that may be hearing- or device-related versus those associated with the psychological symptoms experienced during the withdrawal period.
Do Group Audiologic Rehabilitation Activities Influence Psychosocial Outcomes?
Authors: Preminger Jill E. , Yoo Jae K. 
Published: December 2010

Purpose
To attempt to determine whether group audiologic rehabilitation (AR) content affected psychosocial outcomes.

Method
A randomized controlled trial with at least 17 participants per group was completed. The 3 treatment groups included a communication strategies training group, a communication strategies training plus psychosocial exercise group, and an informational lecture plus psychosocial exercise group. Evaluations were conducted preclass, postclass, and 6-months postclass; they included hearing loss–related and generic quality of life scales, and a class evaluation form.

Results
All treatment groups demonstrated short- and long-term improvement on the hearing loss–related quality of life scale. Minimal differences were measured across treatment groups. A significant difference was observed between the lecture plus psychosocial exercise group and the communication strategies training group for 1 hearing loss–related quality of life subscale. Better outcomes were measured for the 2 groups with psychosocial exercises versus the communication strategies training group on 1 generic quality of life subscale. The results for the class evaluation did not discriminate among the treatment groups.

Conclusions
Class content had only a minimal influence on treatment outcomes. Recommended AR class content includes a mix of interventions including information, training, and psychosocial exercises.
Animated Toys Versus Video Reinforcement in 16–24-Month-Old Children in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Karzon Roanne K. , Banerjee Pia 
Published: December 2010

Purpose
To compare the clinical efficacy of visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) with animated toy animal reinforcement (AVRA) to the efficacy of VRA with video reinforcement (VVRA) in children age 16 to 24 months in a fast-paced medical practice.

Method
The 145 participants (age 16 to 24 months) were referred by either their primary care physician or an otolaryngology practitioner (physician or nurse practitioner) for audiologic assessment. Children were assigned in a counterbalanced manner to either the AVRA or VVRA group.

Results

Significantly more threshold estimates were obtained with AVRA (
M
= 5.52) than with VVRA (
M
= 3.47). There were no significant differences in performance based on age, hearing status, or gender.

Conclusions
Number and relative strength of the visual reinforcers used are posited as the main reasons for the disparate outcomes. Clinical practices that test large numbers of children with VRA would be well-served to have both AVRA and VVRA available to meet the needs of individual patients.
“This Stuff Is Great but How Can I Use It in My Therapy Sessions?” Developing Resources To Facilitate Interactive Learning and Best Practice
Authors: Wingard Todd , Blosser Jean 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
SLPs are very diligent about participating in continuing education activities to build their expertise and skills. Unfortunately, too often their intentions to share and use the material from such activities are side-lined by hectic schedules and competing priorities. With these challenges in mind, Progressus Therapy's clinical coordinators and clinicians undertook a project to establish an efficient method for capturing and sharing valuable evidence-based service delivery recommendations and strategies. This article provides information about the results of the project: Progressus Best Practice Resource Modules.
Never Assume! Mentoring the Connections Between Theory and Practice
Authors: Parmenter Jill , McGraw Paula 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Mentoring is one of the most important services experienced speech-language pathologists can provide to the profession of speech-language pathology. The mentoring we provide today will impact the future of the profession. This article will examine the roles and responsibilities of a mentoring speech-language pathologist, considering the specific needs of a Clinical Fellow (CF) as well as the mentoring needed for professionals throughout their careers.
Regulating the Use of Support Personnel in Schools
Authors: Ross Sharon , Harding Marcia 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Rules and regulations governing the use of support personnel in Arkansas were approved in 1996. These regulations allow school districts to employ support personnel, assistants or aides, to assist master's level speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with clerical and clinical tasks. School district personnel must develop proposals, receive approval, and participate in training before the support personnel can be used in the delivery of speech-language services. The supervising SLPs manage the caseload, provide direct services, and supervise the support personnel. This model of service delivery has been used effectively in Arkansas schools to enhance services provided by the SLPs. Support personnel are employed primarily in the rural parts of the state where there is a shortage of SLPs.
Genetic algorithm for shift-uncertainty correction in 1-D NMR-based metabolite identifications and quantifications
Authors: Schleif F.-M. , Riemer T. , Börner U. , Schnapka-Hille L. , Cross M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Motivation: The analysis of metabolic processes is becoming increasingly important to our understanding of complex biological systems and disease states. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a particularly relevant technology in this respect, since the NMR signals provide a quantitative measure of the metabolite concentrations. However, due to the complexity of the spectra typical of biological samples, the demands of clinical and high-throughput analysis will only be fully met by a system capable of reliable, automatic processing of the spectra. An initial step in this direction has been taken by Targeted Profiling (TP), employing a set of known and predicted metabolite signatures fitted against the signal. However, an accurate fitting procedure for 1H NMR data is complicated by shift uncertainties in the peak systems caused by measurement imperfections. These uncertainties have a large impact on the accuracy of identification and quantification and currently require compensation by very time consuming manual interactions. Here, we present an approach, termed Extended Targeted Profiling (ETP), that estimates shift uncertainties based on a genetic algorithm (GA) combined with a least squares optimization (LSQO). The estimated shifts are used to correct the known metabolite signatures leading to significantly improved identification and quantification. In this way, use of the automated system significantly reduces the effort normally associated with manual processing and paves the way for reliable, high-throughput analysis of complex NMR spectra.
Results: The results indicate that using simultaneous shift uncertainty correction and least squares fitting significantly improves the identification and quantification results for 1H NMR data in comparison to the standard targeted profiling approach and compares favorably with the results obtained by manual expert analysis. Preservation of the functional structure of the NMR spectra makes this approach more realistic than simple binning strategies.
Availability: The simulation descriptions and scripts employed are available under: http://139.18.218.40/metastemwww/bioinf/bioinf_suppl_nmr_ga_opt_schleif_et_al.tgz
Contact: schleif@informatik.uni-leipzig.de