bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the composition of communication networks of governance – a case study on local environmental policy in Helsinki, Finland
Authors: Toikka Arho 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGovernance (Rhodes, 1996; Kooiman, 1993, 2003; Pierre, 2000) is one of the most popular new concepts in policy science and administrative science. The literature does not constitute a unified theory, but a single theme runs throughout: policy decisions are referred to as being made by networks of organizations. However, the network governance literature has not built on the previous literature on policy networks and the methods of social network analysis. The structure of the governance network can make a difference in policy‐making, but the structures have often been neglected in governance research. Here, the combination of social network analysis and governance literature is suggested as a possibility for investigating network structures. In particular, we investigate how and why the organizations involved choose their communication partners. The methods of exponential random graph modelling (sometimes referred to as p* models) (Snijders et al., 2006; Robins et al., 2007a, 2007b) enable the simultaneous modelling of structural effects and individual variables and their effects on network structure. As of yet, there are few substantial applications. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the composition of a policy network and the effects of network and actor variables on the empirically observed network. The environmental policy of the city of Helsinki, Finland, is used to demonstrate the approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The EU energy and climate package: a showcase for European environmental leadership?
Authors: Uusi‐Rauva Christa 
Published: March 2010

AbstractClimate change is one of the main contemporary challenges, and it has been argued that there is a need for strong environmental leadership to achieve global climate deals. Few studies, however, have questioned how ‘environmental leadership’ is demonstrated in political and media discourse. To fill this gap, this paper adopts a critical discourse analytical (CDA) perspective to explore how the EU and newspapers in six European countries discursively construct environmental leadership in relation to the EU climate package that was introduced and ratified in 2008. The findings suggest that environmental leadership is a struggle for meaning that shifts over time, from first, aiming at emissions reduction targets that are higher than others' versus targets that would be stringent enough to effectively fight climate change to second, the means used to reach the reduction targets versus the ends that are reached. This shift over the period of year 2008 seems largely due to significant changes in the social context. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Correlation between thermal properties and chemical composition of Italian virgin olive oils
Authors: Chiavaro Emma , Estrada Maria Teresa Rodriguez , Bendini Alessandra , Cerretani Lorenzo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThirteen monovarietal extra virgin olive oils (EVOos) from two Italian regions were evaluated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to study statistical correlations among major and minor chemical components and thermal properties obtained by cooling transitions and their deconvoluted peaks. The application of DSC for the discrimination of EVOos according to the cultivar and geographical origin was also considered. Thermal properties of the cooling transitions (except for the crystallization enthalpy) were almost all influenced by triolein content and fatty acid composition. Thermal properties (area, onset and offset temperatures of transition, transition range, and peak temperature) of the three deconvoluted peaks were found to be significantly correlated not only to major but also to minor components (diacylglycerols, free fatty acids) and oxidative stability indices. The analysis of thermal properties obtained by cooling transition did not lead to sample discrimination according to geographical provenience. However,Ton,Toff, and peak areas of the two deconvoluted transitions that peaked at the lowest temperatures, as well asToffof deconvoluted peak at the highest temperature, significantly differentiated oil samples according to their geographical origin. These findings may be confirmed by the appliance of multivariate statistical analysis to a larger set of samples to select thermal parameters able to discriminate among EVOos of different geographical provenience.Practical applicationsDSC application exhibits some advantages upon the classical analytical methods as it does not require sample preparation and use of solvents, thus resulting in a reduced environmental impact. The results of this study suggest that DSC can be used to test quality and to determine geographical origin of EVOo.
Granulation of sludge under different loads of a glycerol fraction from biodiesel production
Authors: Cydzik‐Kwiatkowska Agnieszka , Wojnowska‐Baryła Irena , Selewska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe aim of the research was to evaluate the possibility of using the crude glycerol fraction from biodiesel manufacturing processes for granular sludge production. The experiment was carried out simultaneously in four sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) at different carbon loads: 0.2 ± 0.08, 0.6 ± 0.16, 1.1 ± 0.27, and 1.3 ± 0.35 g COD/g TSS per cycle (COD – chemical oxygen demand, TSS – total suspended solids). Granulation did not occur in the reactor with the lowest organic carbon load. In the remaining reactors small granules began to appear after 25 cycles of reactor operation. In all reactors the efficiency of carbon removal remained at ca. 80%. The highest granular sludge production per cycle was 0.31 ± 0.28 g TSS/L; it was obtained at an organic load of 1.1 ± 0.27 g COD/g TSS per cycle. Most of the introduced COD was removed in the reactors during the first 5 h of aeration; the COD removal rate was correlated with the organic load and varied from 123.12 to 472.76 mg COD  per litre and hour.Practical applications: With the increasing production of biodiesel fuel a problem arises with the utilization of glycerol that is a by‐product of the process. By‐product glycerol fraction from small agricultural installations is usually contaminated. Its composition varies depending on parameters of the transesterification process and it is unprofitable to purify it. In the present research we investigated one possible way of dealing with the by‐product. The glycerol fraction was successfully used as a carbon source for the production of aerobic granular sludge. The granules obtained can be used as a seed sludge in granule‐based reactors, or can be cofired with coal or directly combusted. Since aerobic granular sludge is one of the most promising technologies investigated during the last few years it appears to possess high utility.
Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted Pyrimidin‐5‐yl C‐2′‐Deoxyribonucleosides by Sequential Regioselective Reactions of 2,4‐Dichloropyrimidine Nucleosides
Authors: Kubelka Tomáš , Slavětínská Lenka , Klepetářová Blanka , Hocek Michal 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA new modular synthesis of diverse 2,4‐disubstituted pyrimidin‐5‐yl C‐2′‐deoxyribonucleosides by sequential regioselective reactions of 2,6‐dichloropyrimidin‐5‐yl C‐nucleosides was developed. The intermediate was prepared by the Heck coupling of 2,6‐dichloro‐5‐iodopyrimidine with glycal followed by desilylation and reduction. Its mild nucleophilic substitutions or Fe‐catalyzed cross‐coupling with MeMgCl proceeded regioselectively at position 4, whereas at elevated temperatures or with excess of MeMgCl, double substitution occurred. The 2‐chloro‐4‐substituted intermediates undergo another substitution or coupling to afford 2,4‐disubstituted derivatives.
Determination of Plant Thiols by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Coulometric and Amperometric Detection in Lettuce Treated by Lead(II) Ions
Authors: Diopan Vaclav , Shestivska Violetta , Zitka Ondrej , Galiova Michaela , Adam Vojtech , Kaiser Jozef , Horna Ales , Novotny Karel , Liska Miroslav , Havel Ladislav , Zehnalek Josef , Kizek Rene 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to utilize high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for determination of thiols content in plants tissues of lettuce treated with lead(II) ions (0, 0.5 and 1 mM). We used two HPLC‐ED instruments: HPLC coupled with one channel amperometric detector and HPLC coupled with twelve channel coulometric detector to detect simultaneously twelve thiols. The detection limits of thiols measured by CoulArray detector were about two magnitudes lower in comparison to those measured by Coulochem III detector and were from tens to hundreds pM. Under the optimal conditions, we utilized HPLC‐CoulArray detector for analysis of tissues from lettuce plants. In addition, distribution and accumulation of lead ions with high spatial resolution was monitored using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy.
Direct Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis of Hemoglobin Immobilized in a Polymeric Ionic Liquid Film
Authors: Zhang Qian , Lv Xue , Qiao Yun , Zhang Ling , Liu Da‐Liang , Zhang Wei , Han Guang‐Xi , Song Xi‐Ming 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA polymer film based on polymeric ionic liquid, which was poly(1‐vinyl‐3‐butylimidazolium chloride) (poly(ViBuIm+Cl−)for short), was firstly used as matrix to immobilize hemoglobin (Hb). FTIR and UV‐vis spectra demonstrated that the native structure of Hb was well preserved after entrapped into the polymer film. The Hb immobilized in the poly(ViBuIm+Cl−) film showed a fast direct electron transfer for the Hb‐FeIII/FeII redox couple. Based on the direct electron transfer of the immobilized Hb, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Hb/poly(ViBuIm+Cl−)/GC electrode displayed good sensitivity and wide linear range for the detection of H2O2. The linear range of the PVA/Hb/poly(ViBuIm+Cl−)/GC electrode to H2O2 is from 3.5 to 224 μM with a limit of detection of 1.17 μM. Such an avenue, which integrated polymeric ionic liquid and redox protein via a simple method, may provide a novel and efficient platform for the fabrication of biosensors, biofuel cells and other bioelectrochemical devices.
Electrochemical Characterization of Myoglobin‐Polylysine Films at a Temperature Range of 6–80 °C
Authors: Guto Peterson M. , Kamau Geoffrey N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis work demonstrated for the first time that myoglobin cross‐linked in polylysine films is electrochemically active at 6 °C. At 6 °C, these protein films exhibited reversible reduction/oxidation peaks which are characteristic of FeIII/FeII redox couple. The estimated current function densities (J=1.6×10−4 C/V cm2), surface concentrations (ΓT=0.10 nmol/cm2) and standard electron transfer constant (ks=13.86 s−1) at 6 °C for the data taken at a scan rate of 0.1 V/s were similar to those which were obtained at 10, 15 and 23 °C. Basically, this study shows a possible electrocatalytic application of these myoglobin/polylysine films, for example in low temperature sensing applications.
An Electrically Heated Au Electrode for Electrochemical Detection in Microchip System
Authors: Wu Di , Wu Jian , Zhu Yu‐Hua , Xu Jing‐Juan , Chen Hong‐Yuan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn electrically heated Au electrode which can be used for microchip electrophoresis has been constructed and evaluated. The Au electrode is heated by direct current (DC) getting across the copper wire enlacing the Au electrode. Control and measurement of the temperature at the surface of the heated Au electrode can be easily achieved. Electrochemical characteristics of the heated electrode are investigated. Separation and determination of dopamine (DA) and catechol (CA) on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchip are performed to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of this heated electrode detection system.
Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Paraquat Using a Bismuth‐Film Electrode
Authors: de Figueiredo‐Filho Luiz Carlos S. , dos Santos Vagner B. , Janegitz Bruno Campos , Guerreiro Thiago Brito , Fatibello‐Filho Orlando , Faria Ronaldo Censi , Marcolino‐Junior Luiz Humberto 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA bismuth‐film electrode (BiFE) ex situ electrochemically deposited onto a copper substrate has been presented for paraquat determination. The bismuth film was electrochemically deposited at an applied potential of −0.18 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0 M KCl) for 200 s. The analytical curve was linear in the paraquat concentration range from 6.6×10−7 M to 4.8×10−5 M with a limit of detection of 9.3×10−8 M. The method presented satisfactory results at a confidence level of 95% and the performance was evaluated in water samples.
Mammalian glucocorticoid metabolites act as androgenic endocrine disruptors in the medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Grillitsch Britta , Altmann Dominik , Schabuss Michael , Zornig Horst , Sommerfeld-Stur Irene , Möstl Erich 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGlucocorticoid metabolites enter the aquatic environment via mammalian excrements. Molecular structures of their C19O3 metabolites strongly resemble the major fish androgen 11-ketotestosterone. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the cortisol metabolite 5α-androstan-3,11,17-trione acts similarly to 11-ketotestosterone by employing a fish screening assay for endocrine-active substances. After 21 d, both 11-oxygenated compounds had masculinized sex characteristics of the anal fin in female medaka in a dose-dependent manner. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1613–1620. © 2010 SETAC
Mahalanobis distance‐based traffic matrix estimation
Authors: Jiang Dingde , Wang Xingwei , Guo Lei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis letter studies large‐scale IP traffic matrix (TM) estimation problem and proposes a novel method called the Mahalanobis distance‐based regressive inference (MDRI). By using Mahalanobis distance as an optimal metric, we can get rid of the highly ill‐posed nature of this problem. We describe the TM estimation into an optimal process, and then by optimising the regularised equation about this problem, TM's estimation can accurately obtained. Testing results are shown to be promising. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wall‐stress boundary conditions for variational‐multiscale LES
Authors: Hulshoff S. J. , Munts E. A. , Labrujere J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo methods are introduced for the implementation of wall‐stress boundary conditions in variational‐multiscale large‐eddy simulations. In both methods, the boundary conditions are applied weakly using an interior‐penalty approach, where the discretization parameters are determined using information from a wall‐stress model.The performance of the methods is compared with that of hard Dirichlet boundary conditions for turbulent channel flows. A convergence study is performed for the second of the methods, which is found to be the most viable for practical application. Sources of error affecting the convergence study are discussed and quantified. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution of magnetohydrodynamic flow in a rectangular duct by Chebyshev collocation method
Authors: Çelik İbrahim 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this study, matrix representation of the Chebyshev collocation method for partial differential equation has been represented and applied to solve magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow equations in a rectangular duct in the presence of transverse external oblique magnetic field. Numerical solution of velocity and induced magnetic field is obtained for steady‐state, fully developed, incompressible flow for a conducting fluid inside the duct. The Chebyshev collocation method is used with a reasonable number of collocations points, which gives accurate numerical solutions of the MHD flow problem. The results for velocity and induced magnetic field are visualized in terms of graphics for values of Hartmann number H≤1000. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thin film flow of non‐Newtonian MHD fluid on a vertically moving belt
Authors: Hameed M. , Ellahi R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThin film flow of an Oldroyd 6‐constant fluid on a vertical moving belt is investigated analytically and numerically. The governing equations for the flow field are derived for a steady one‐dimensional flow. The effect of constant applied magnetic field is included and its influence on the flow field is studied. The nonlinear governing equations are solved analytically and the exact solution is obtained in an elegant way. Numerical solutions are also obtained using higher‐order Chebyshev spectral methods. The influence of various non‐Newtonian parameters, gravitational force and applied magnetic field is investigated. The results showing the effect of gravity, magnetic field and material constants α1 and α2 are presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple quality triangulation algorithm for complex geometries
Authors: Zhang Yaoxin , Jia Yafei , Chan H. C. , Wang Sam S. Y. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a simple algorithm for quality triangulation in domains with complex geometries. Based on the fact that the equilateral triangles (regular meshes) are ideal for numerical computations in computational fluids dynamics (CFD) analysis, the proposed algorithm starts with an initial equilateral triangle mesh covering the whole domain. Nodes close to the boundary edges satisfy the so‐called non‐encroaching criterion, the distance from any inserted node to any boundary vertices and the midpoints of any boundary edge is greater than a given characteristic length. Both nearly uniform and non‐uniform triangle meshes can be generated using a mesh size reduction technique. Local refinement is achieved by using transition layers. More regular meshes can be generated in the interior of the domain and all angles of the triangle mesh produced by this algorithm are proven to be bounded in a reasonable range (19.5–141°). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of acute treatment with tandospirone, diazepam, and placebo on driving performance and cognitive function in healthy volunteers
Authors: Takahashi Masahiro , Iwamoto Kunihiro , Kawamura Yukiko , Nakamura Yukako , Ishihara Ryoko , Uchiyama Yuji , Ebe Kazutoshi , Noda Akiko , Noda Yukihiro , Yoshida Keizo , Iidaka Tetsuya , Ozaki Norio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of two anxiolytics, diazepam and tandospirone, on driving performance from methodological viewpoints taking frequent rear‐end collisions into account.MethodsIn this double‐blinded, three‐way crossover trial, 18 healthy males received acute doses of 20 mg tandospirone (TSP), 5 mg diazepam (DZP), and placebo (PCB). The subjects were administered three driving tasks—road tracking, car following, and harsh braking—performed using a driving simulator and three cognitive tasks—Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Continuous Performance Test, and N‐back test—at baseline and at 1 and 4 h post‐dosing. The Stanford Sleepiness Scale scores were also assessed.ResultsDZP nonsignificantly increased the percent change of brake reaction time (BRT) as compared to PCB at 4 h post‐dosing. TSP nonsignificantly decreased the percent change of BRT as compared to PCB. Consequently, there was a significant difference in the percent change of BRT between DZP and TSP at 4 h post‐dosing. For the remaining tasks, no statistically significant effects of treatment were observed.ConclusionsAcute doses of DZP significantly impaired the harsh‐braking performance as compared to acute doses of TSP. These findings suggest that TSP may be used more safely in patients' driving activities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognition and depression: the effects of fluvoxamine, a sigma‐1 receptor agonist, reconsidered
Authors: Hindmarch Ian , Hashimoto Kenji 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCognitive impairment is a primary feature of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and is characterised by stress‐induced neural atrophy. Via alpha‐adrenergic, anti‐cholinergic and anti‐histaminic activities, several antidepressants can cause significant counter‐therapeutic cognitive impairment. Evidence is emerging of the involvement of sigma‐1 receptor agonism in the mechanism of action of some antidepressants, notably fluvoxamine. Sigma‐1 receptors are abundant in areas affected by depression/stress‐induced cerebral atrophy and their ligands have a unique pharmacological profile; they may promote neurogenesis and initiate adaptive neural plasticity as a protection/reaction to stress. Fluvoxamine, as a potent sigma‐1 receptor agonist, has shown ameliorating effects in animal models of psychosis, depression, stress, anxiety, obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and aggression and has been shown to improve cognitive impairments. In humans, fluvoxamine may repair central nervous system (CNS) atrophy and restore cognitive function. The current review explores the mechanisms through which sigma‐1 receptors can modulate cognitive function and examines how antidepressant therapy with fluvoxamine may help improve cognitive outcomes in patients with depression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of the novel antidepressant agomelatine on disturbed sleep–wake cycles in depressed patients
Authors: Quera‐Salva Maria‐Antonia , Lemoine Patrick , Guilleminault Christian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundDisturbance of sleep–wake cycles is common in major depressive disorder (MDD), usually as insomnia, but also as hypersomnia or reduced daytime alertness. Agomelatine, an MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist and 5‐HT2C receptor antagonist, represents a novel approach in MDD, with proven antidepressant efficacy and a positive impact on the sleep–wake cycle. We review the effects of agomelatine 25/50 mg/day on objective and subjective measures of the sleep–wake cycle in MDD.Subjective measuresAgomelatine improved all aspects of the sleep–wake cycle from as early as 1 week in randomized trials versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine, particularly getting off to sleep and quality of sleep, with an improvement in daytime alertness.Objective measuresAgomelatine's effect on sleep architecture in MDD has been measured by polysomnography (PSG). There were significant improvements in sleep efficiency, slow‐wave sleep (SWS), and the distribution of delta activity throughout the night, but no change in amount or latency of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Furthermore, the slow‐wave sleep was resynchronized to the first sleep cycle of the night.ConclusionAgomelatine, a novel antidepressant, improves disturbed sleep–wake cycles in MDD. The improvement of both nighttime sleep and daytime functioning with agomelatine are promising features of this antidepressant regarding the management of MDD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.