bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of exclusion when living on a ventilator: reflections based on the application of Julia Kristeva's philosophy to caring science
Authors: Lindahl Berit 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe research presented in this work represents reflections in the light of Julia Kristeva's philosophy concerning empirical data drawn from research describing the everyday life of people dependent on ventilators. It also presents a qualitative and narrative methodological approach from a person‐centred perspective. Most research on home ventilator treatment is biomedical. There are a few published studies describing the situation of people living at home on a ventilator but no previous publications have used the thoughts in Kristeva's philosophy applied to this topic from a caring science perspective. The paper also addresses what a life at home on a ventilator may be like and will hopefully add some new aspects to the discussion of philosophical issues in nursing and the very essence of care. Kristeva's philosophy embraces phenomena such as language, abjection, body, and love, allowing her writings to make a fruitful contribution to nursing philosophy in that they strengthen, expand, and deepen a caring perspective. Moreover, her writings about revolt having the power to create hope add an interesting aspect to the work of earlier philosophers and nursing theorists.
The Evolution of Entrepreneurial Competencies: A Longitudinal Study of University Spin‐Off Venture Emergence
Authors: Rasmussen Einar , Mosey Simon , Wright Mike 
Published: December 2010

abstractThis paper aims to better understand the development of entrepreneurial competencies to create new ventures within the non‐commercial academic environment. We build upon the evolutionary perspective considering where resources come from to help define these competencies and explain their paths of development. The study follows the creation and early growth of four university spin‐offs within the UK and Norway. We identified three competencies of opportunity refinement, leveraging, and championing that appeared crucial for the ventures to gain credibility. Although selected competencies were inherent within the academic founders, the specific competencies for venture creation had to be developed or acquired. This was achieved iteratively through entrepreneurial experience and accessing competencies from disparate actors such as industry partners and equity investors. Propositions are offered to guide future empirical research based upon our framework.
TALKING LESS AND MOVING THE MARKET MORE: EVIDENCE FROM THE ECB AND THE FED
Authors: Rosa Carlo 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper examines and compares the communication strategies of the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank, and their effectiveness. First, we find that the surprise components of both monetary policy actions and statements have important but differing effects on asset prices, with unexpected communication having a much greater impact on longer‐term interest rates. Second, both the ECB and the Fed have proven to be equally successful in moving their domestic asset prices using either monetary policy or news shocks. However, the response of the American yield curve to the surprise component of Fed's statements is larger than the reaction of the European term structure to ECB's announcements. This result is intimately related to the amplitude of the policy rate cycle that is much larger in the US than in the euro area combined with the bounded support of the news shock. Third, we analyze the cross‐effects and show that the Fed has been more able to move the European interest rates of all maturities than the ECB to move American rates. This finding is tied to the predominance of dollar fixed income assets rather than to an attempt of the ECB to mimic the Fed.
THE OPTIMALITY AND CONTROLLABILITY OF MONETARY POLICY THROUGH DELEGATION WITH CONSISTENT TARGETS
Authors: Yuan Huiping , Miller Stephen M. , Chen Langnan 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper uses two game‐theory models, where monetary policy is first ineffective and then effective, to illustrate a delegation scheme that makes consistent policy optimal and controllable. The delegation scheme produces the minimization of both the social and the central bank loss functions. Minimizing the social loss function generates optimality conditions. Minimizing the central bank loss function produces controllability conditions. Optimality conditions depend on specific models, and controllability conditions do not. We propose a concept of consistent targets, which refer to the targets that satisfy both optimality and controllability conditions. Consistent policy proves optimal and controllable in both example models when the government delegates consistent targets to the central bank.
Lymphocyte apoptosis is resistant to erythropoietin in porcine endotoxemia
Authors: SØLLING CHRISTOFFER , NYGAARD UFFE , CHRISTENSEN ANTON T. , WOGENSEN LISE , KROG JAN , TØNNESEN ELSE K. 
Published: December 2010

Sølling C, Nygaard U, Christensen AT, Wogensen L, Krog J, Tønnesen EK. Lymphocyte apoptosis is resistant to erythropoietin in porcine endotoxemia. APMIS 2010; 119: 143–54.Sepsis‐induced lymphocyte apoptosis plays an important role in the development of immune suppression in septic patients. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a multifunctional cytokine with antiapoptotic properties. We hypothesized that EPO could mitigate mononuclear cell (MNC) apoptosis and modify the dynamic changes of MNCs during endotoxemia. Twenty‐six pigs were randomized into three groups: (i) lipopolysaccharides (LPS), (ii) EPO (epoetin‐α, 5000 IU/kg) administered 60 min prior to LPS, and (iii) sham. At 120 min of endotoxemia, the animals were fluid resuscitated and the LPS infusion was reduced. MNCs were isolated at 0, 60, 240, and 540 min of endotoxemia, and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis in splenic biopsies was quantified by immunohistochemistry. Endotoxemia increased the number of apoptotic MNCs in the blood (p ≤ 0.01) and the spleen (p = 0.03), and EPO did not modify this increase. The number of T‐helper and cytotoxic T cells declined during endotoxemia. The dynamic changes of the MNC subsets were not modified by treatment with EPO. In conclusion, EPO did not modify the LPS‐induced changes of MNC subsets or mitigate the levels of apoptosis of MNCs in the blood or in the spleen. This study does not support that EPO confers protection against lymphocyte apoptosis.
Impact of Type 1 Diabetes and Body Weight Status on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescent Children
Authors: Krishnan Sowmya , Copeland Kenneth C. , Bright Brianna C. , Gardner Andrew W. , Blackett Piers R. , Fields David A. 
Published: December 2010

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, it is unclear whether increased body weight amplifies that risk in T1D patients. This is a cross‐sectional study examining the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in normal and overweight children, both with and without T1D. Sixty‐six children (aged 16±2.2 years) were included in one of the following groups: (T1D and normal weight, T1D and overweight, healthy and normal weight, and healthy and overweight). A fasting blood sample was analyzed for lipid profile (triglyceride, cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and apolipoprotein C‐III (apoC‐III) levels. Body composition was determined by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry and vascular elasticity by HDI/Pulsewave CR‐2000 (Hypertension Diagnostics, Eagan, MN). Statistical analyses examined the effect of T1D and body weight status and their interactions on cardiovascular risk parameters. In this study, the authors were unable to demonstrate an additive effect of body weight status and T1D on cardiovascular risk profile. However, subgroup analysis of patients with T1D revealed higher apoC‐III levels in overweight patients with T1D (P=.0453) compared with normal‐weight diabetic children. Most notably, there was a direct relationship of small artery elasticity to body weight status. This seemingly paradoxical observation supports recent data and warrants further investigation.J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13:351–356. ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Sources and Resources of Our Indigenous Theology
Authors: Cebrián Dina Ludeña 
Published: December 2010

In this article I describe the sources of my indigenous theology out of my own experiences, my worldview, and as a woman.In the first part, I mention our struggles of resistance as the source from which we draw our strength and hopes to resist oppression and dream of a different society, as our ancestors dreamed and acted.I then speak of our living for the day as an act of ideological resistance. It is possible that many readers do not yet understand it, but this involves a worldview different from that of Western capitalism. Some communities in the Amazon still practise this other worldview and take it as their guide. They live day by day, concerned not for the morrow but for the present day; they attempt to live a life of quality, justice and honesty, as if it were the last day of their lives.The source from which our theological enterprise springs is also our wise men and women, who still survive in our communities. They are the guardians of our ancestral wisdom on life, the cosmos and our relations with the created world and its creatures.Moreover, our lifestyle is based on caring for and protecting Pachamama as one of the joint creators with God, who offers us life and enables us to live in the world as brothers and sisters, because we come into being in Pachamama and return to her.
LOGISTICS COSTS IN SOUTH AFRICA – THE CASE FOR MACROECONOMIC MEASUREMENT
Authors: Havenga Jan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn South Africa, logistics optimisation is largely managed from a microeconomic perspective. This paper makes the case for macroeconomic logistics measurement, presents the results of the country's national logistics cost model and proposes the first key macroeconomic logistics indicators for South Africa.The research shows that South Africa's logistics costs are higher than the global average. The majority of these costs are attributable to road transport, of which the biggest cost driver is fuel, which in turn is determined by volatile oil prices. This poses a significant exogenous risk to logistics cost management in South Africa. The risk can be mitigated through a structural adjustment in long‐distance freight transport (from road dominated to rail dominated). The paper concludes by proposing two key macroeconomic logistics indicators to facilitate this process.
Efficacy of Atovaquone and Azithromycin or Imidocarb Dipropionate in Cats with Acute Cytauxzoonosis
Authors: Cohn L.A. , Birkenheuer A.J. , Brunker J.D. , Ratcliff E.R. , Craig A.W. 
Published: December 2010

Background:Imidocarb or a combination of atovaquone and azithromycin (A&A) has been suggested for treatment of cats with cytauxzoonosis, but neither has been prospectively evaluated for efficacy.Hypothesis/Objectives:That survival to hospital discharge is improved by treatment with A&A as compared with imidocarb.Animals:Eighty acutely ill cats withCytauxzoon felisinfection treated at one of 18 veterinary clinics in 5 states.Methods:An open‐label, randomized prospective study compared survival in cats treated with atovaquone (15 mg/kg PO q8h) and azithromycin (10 mg/kg PO q24h) or imidocarb (3.5 mg/kg IM). All received heparin, fluids, and supportive care. Clinical and clinicopathologic data from initial presentation were collated. Parasitemia was quantified (n = 79) and pathogens genotyped (n = 60). Logistic regression was used to determine the impact of treatment group on the primary endpoint, survival to hospital discharge or death. Covariants were analyzed by rank‐sum testing.Results:Of 53 cats treated with A&A, 32 (60%) survived to discharge while only 7 of 27 cats (26%) treated with imidocarb survived (P= .0036; odds ratio 7.2, 95% CI 2.2, 24). Cats with a lower parasitemia were more likely to survive, as were cats with higher white blood cell counts and lower total bilirubin. Unique pathogen genotypes were identified from 15 cats, while genotype isolated from 21 cats had been described previously. There were multiple pathogen genotypes identified in 24 cats.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Survival to discharge was more likely in cats treated with A&A as compared with imidocarb, although case fatality rate remained high.
Short‐lived carriage of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus in human nasal cavities after exposure to infected animals
Authors: Wright C. F. , Gloster J. , Mazelet L. , Paton D. J. , Ryan E. D. 
Published: December 2010

A quarantine period for potentially contaminated personnel can be used to reduce the risk of transfer of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) from infected to susceptible premises. This is set at 72 hours in the UK, on the basis of results from laboratory studies and field observations. Previous analysis of FMDV carriage within human nasal cavities has relied upon virus isolation by culture in susceptible cells. This study, involving 51 people, evaluated a PCR method, which detected viral genomic material within 35 nasal swabs taken from personnel after up to eight hours exposure to infected animals. Only one of 23 people who was PCR‐positive immediately after exposure to FMDV‐infected animals remained positive the following day, indicating a low risk of prolonged carriage of virus in the nasal cavities.
Intraspecific trait variation in grassland plant species reveals fine-scale strategy trade-offs and size differentiation that underpins performance in ecological communities
Authors: Bilton Mark C. , Whitlock Raj , Grime J. Philip , Marion Glenn , Pakeman Robin J. 
Published: December 2010

Traits have been widely used in plant ecology to understand the rules governing community assembly, and to characterize primary strategies that define community structure and ecosystem properties. Relatively little is known as to whether the traits that are ecologically important at macroecological scales are either variable, or of consequence at fine scales within species. We measured trait variation within populations of the grassland plants Festuca ovina L. and Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult., to test the hypothesis that fine-scale intraspecific trait variation drives local community structure. Both species showed large genotypic variation for all traits. Size-related traits of genotypes of K. macrantha observed under monoculture predicted their performance in model grassland communities that possessed both genetic and species diversity. The same correspondence was much weaker for the experimental population of F. ovina. A trade-off in allocation between shoot mass and relative allocation to reproduction was evident in the experimental population of F. ovina. Furthermore, both species showed evidence of a positive relationship between specific leaf area (SLA) and allocation to culm mass. This trait covariation indicates the existence of intraspecific trade-offs in life-history and growth strategies similar to those used to define primary plant strategies, which potentially buffers both species abundance and species coexistence against environmental challenges.
Structural and kinematic analysis of the Shagawa Lake shear zone, Superior Province, northern Minnesota: implications for the role of vertical versus horizontal tectonics in the Archean
Authors: Erickson Emerald J. 
Published: December 2010

The steeply dipping Shagawa Lake shear zone, which strikes ENE through the Vermilion District of the Superior Province in northeastern Minnesota, is marked by zone-parallel foliation and a mineral elongation lineation (Le). Le includes (i) a broad population with pitch of 90° ± 60°, and (ii) a less abundant population with pitch of 15° ± 15°. Shallowly plunging Le is rare, and where it occurs, it overprints the pervasive steeply plunging Le. Shear sense indicators occur within the L–S tectonite motion plane, normal to foliation and parallel to Le. Microstructures define both south-side-up and north-side-up displacement domains, but no spatial patterns emerge across the shear zone. L–S tectonites with east-plunging Le indicate either south- or north-side-up shear parallel to Le, whereas L–S tectonites with west-plunging Le indicate predominantly north-side-up shear parallel to Le. Strike-slip L–S tectonites are rare, but consistently record sinistral shear. Overprinting relationships and structural-kinematic patterns can be attributed to sinking of the Vermilion District volcanic basin and relative rise of the southern region followed by rise of the northern region, as represented by the Giants Range Batholith and Vermilion Granitic Complex, respectively. Structural and kinematic evidence indicates that a process like sagduction–diapirism could explain the rising granitoids and sinking volcanic basin. The narrow width of the shear zone, the need for structural dates and radiometric dates of the surrounding plutons, and lack of documented strike-slip kinematic data make it difficult to evaluate when and how the shear zone transitioned to horizontal displacement.
Coldwater fish oxythermal habitat in Minnesota lakes: influence of total phosphorus, July air temperature, and relative depth
Authors: Jacobson Peter C. , Stefan Heinz G. , Pereira Donald L. 
Published: December 2010

An empirical model was developed that describes the influence of lake productivity, climate, and morphometry on coldwater fish oxythermal habitat. An oxythermal habitat variable called temperature at 3 mg·L–1 of dissolved oxygen (TDO3) was developed by interpolating the water temperature at a benchmark oxygen concentration (3 mg·L–1) from a temperature–oxygen profile. Coldwater habitat was most available in the least productive lakes (total P < 25 µg·L–1) with the greatest relative depths (geometry ratios < 2 m–0.5) and where mean July air temperatures were less than 17 °C. Species response curves were developed from values of TDO3 measured during the greatest period of oxythermal stress in late summer (maxTDO3). Lake trout was present in lakes with the lowest values of maxTDO3, while cisco was present in lakes with the highest and broadest range of maxTDO3. Projections for a scenario where climate warming (+4 °C in mean July air temperature) was accompanied by eutrophication (doubling of total P) indicated that coldwater fish oxythermal habitat would be devastated in a subset of lakes typical for Minnesota. Protecting deep, unproductive lakes from eutrophication will be a necessary management strategy to ensure that coldwater fish persist in at least some Minnesota lakes after climate warming.
The metabolic and biochemical basis of vulnerability to recreational angling after three generations of angling-induced selection in a teleost fish
Authors: Redpath Tara D. , Cooke Steven J. , Suski Cory D. , Arlinghaus Robert , Couture Patrice , Wahl David H. , Philipp David P. 
Published: December 2010

Although the selective pressures of commercial fishing are well known, few studies have examined this phenomenon in recreational fisheries. This study used a unique population of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) with lines bred for low (LVF) and high (HVF) vulnerability to recreational angling. We evaluated whether differential vulnerability to angling was correlated with physiological traits, including metabolic rate, metabolic scope, anaerobic capacity, and biochemical response to exercise. Indeed, angling selection affected the metabolic rate of fish significantly. The standard metabolic rate was 10%, maximal metabolic rate was 14%, and metabolic scope was 16% lower for LVF compared with HVF. Following exhaustive exercise, LVF required 1 h for lactate levels to recover to control values, whereas HVF required 2 h. Anaerobic energy expenditure was significantly lower for LVF, a finding consistent with the observation that LVF swam at a steadier rate during exercise. Although the reasons behind vulnerability to angling are complex, the phenotypic trait “vulnerability to angling” appears to be linked to a suite of physiological traits, including metabolism and the capacity for anaerobic activity. Thus, angling-induced selection might alter the physiological characteristics of wild largemouth bass populations, with unknown outcomes for long-term population viability.
Spatial distribution of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) breeders: among- and within-river variation and predicted consequences for offspring habitat availability
Authors: Finstad Anders Gravbrøt , Einum Sigurd , Sættem Leif Magnus , Hellen Bjart Are 
Published: December 2010

The spatial distribution of breeders within populations may have important implications for offspring habitat availability in species where mobility of early life stages is restricted. Here we address this issue using time series of spawner distributions from eight Norwegian Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) populations. Whereas spawners distribute themselves uniformly along the length of the rivers in some populations, others show a heavily skewed distribution. Linear mixed models identified pronounced and temporally consistent among-population differences in spawner distributions. Using a model of limited juvenile dispersal from nests following emergence, we show that the observed spawner distributions are predicted to result in significant proportions of rivers being inaccessible for young of the year during early life stages, and the magnitude of this effect differs among populations (e.g., ranging from 27% to 59% for dispersal distance of 250 m). Thus, assuming population regulation during early but not later juvenile stages, consistent differences in spawner distributions among populations such as those observed here may translate into differences in productivity (i.e., carrying capacity) as well as egg densities required for populations to reach their spawning targets.
Effects of selective tree harvests on aboveground biomass and net primary productivity of a second-growth northern hardwood forest
Authors: Dyer Jacob H. , Gower Stith T. , Forrester Jodi A. , Lorimer Craig G. , Mladenoff David J. , Burton Julia I. 
Published: December 2010

Restoring structural features of old-growth forests, such as increased canopy gap sizes and coarse woody debris, is a common management goal for second-growth, even-aged stands. We experimentally manipulated forest structure by creating variable-size canopy gaps in a second-growth northern hardwood forest in north-central Wisconsin following two growing seasons of pre-treatment monitoring. The objectives of this study were to quantify the influence of canopy gaps of different sizes (50–380 m2) on aboveground biomass and productivity of each vegetation stratum two growing seasons following treatment. Two years after treatment, ground layer biomass in canopy openings increased significantly relative to surrounding undisturbed transition zones. The response of ground layer biomass was greatest in the large versus the medium and small gaps. Sapling aboveground net primary productivity was significantly greater in undisturbed transition zones than within gaps across gap sizes following the second post-treatment growing season. Annual stem diameter increment was greatest for trees along gap borders and was correlated with crown class, percentage of crown perimeter exposed, gap area, and shade tolerance. Total aboveground net primary productivity was significantly lower in the gap addition plots the first year but by the second post-treatment growing season no longer differed from that in the control plots.