bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of metabolic components of carotid plaque in high‐risk patients utilizing liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ding Rui , Guan Wenfei , Yi Man , Qin Xiaohong , Wei Shanshan , Lu Haoran , Wang Yuxuan , Lin Chunnan , Mei Fei , Xu Haitao , Wu Liquan 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveCarotid atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive vascular disease that can be complicated by stroke in severe cases. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of high‐risk patients are quite difficult due to the lack of reliable clinical biomarkers. This study aimed to explore potential plaque metabolic markers of stroke‐prone risk and relevant targets for pharmacological intervention.MethodCarotid intima and plaque sample tissues were obtained from 20 patients with cerebrovascular symptoms of carotid origin. An untargeted metabolomics approach based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was utilized to characterize the metabolic profiles of the tissues. Multivariate and univariate analysis tools were used.ResultsA total of 154 metabolites were significantly altered in carotid plaque when compared with thickened intima. Of these, 62 metabolites were upregulated, whereas 92 metabolites were downregulated. Support vector machines identified the 15 most important metabolites, such as N‐(cyclopropylmethyl)‐N′‐phenylurea, 9(S)‐HOTrE, ACar 12:2, quinoxaline‐2,3‐dithiol, and l‐thyroxine, as biomarkers for high‐risk plaques. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that abnormal purine and nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and vitamin metabolism may contribute to the occurrence and progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaque.ConclusionsOur study identifies the biomarkers and related metabolic mechanisms of carotid plaque, which is stroke‐prone, and provides insights and ideas for the precise prevention and targeted intervention of the disease.
Fully resolved high‐precision measurement of 36S for sulfur reference materials
Authors: Sun Jiayang , Farquhar James 
Published: May 2024

RationaleAdvances in sulfur isotope measurement techniques have led to increased analytical precision. However, accurate measurement of 36S remains a challenge. This difficulty arises primarily from unresolved isobaric interferences of 36SF5+ at m/z = 131 u, 186WF42+ and 12C3F5+, which lead to scale compression. Theoretically, unresolved interference with 2% relative intensity could cause 1‰ underestimation in a sample with real δ36S = +60‰.MethodsOur study develops an interference‐free four‐sulfur isotope measurement method by using the high‐resolution mass spectrometer Panorama. The mass resolving power of Panorama allows the distinction of 186WF42+ and 12C3F5+ from 36SF5+.ResultsThe 186WF42+ relative intensity was initially 9.4% that of 36SF5+ but reduced to 1.5% through tuning, while 12C3F5+ relative intensity dropped from 74% to 40% after flushing with air. Three IAEA standards were analyzed with both Panorama and MAT 253. We obtained Δ36SIAEA‐S‐2 = 1.238 ± 0.040‰ and Δ36SIAEA‐S‐3 = −0.882 ± 0.030‰, relative to IAEA‐S‐1, from Panorama, and Δ36SIAEA‐S‐2 = 0.18 ± 0.02‰ and Δ36SIAEA‐S‐3 = 0.11 ± 0.14‰ from MAT 253, while δ34S values from the two instruments are consistent.ConclusionThe measurement discrepancies on 36S between Panorama and MAT 253 highlight the impact of scale compression due to unresolved isobaric interferences. Resolving this problem is crucial for accurate 36S analysis. We recommend replacing the filament material with rhenium, tuning the filament voltage, and avoiding carbon in instruments to eliminate or mitigate interferences. We propose future systematic efforts to calibrate the δ33S, δ34S, and δ36S of IAEA‐S‐1, IAEA‐S‐2, and IAEA‐S‐3 and advise bracketing all three reference materials in the measurement sequences, to enable calibration.
A comprehensive review of monitoring methods for erectile dysfunction diagnosis
Authors: Sng Chee Ming Noel , Ang Darrion , Lee Zhi Kai Kirby , Bhagat Ali Asgar S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) is commonly associated with cardiovascular diseases and age. However, it is important to note that it can also affect younger males, potentially serving as an early indicator of compromised overall health. Despite the high prevalence, ED remains underdiagnosed due to factors such as reluctance to testing, concerns about privacy, and the persistent social stigma surrounding the condition.ObjectiveThis review offers an overview of diagnostic and monitoring devices employed in the assessment of nocturnal ED and aims to assess both historical and recent developments in this field. It considers the emerging technological trends in digital innovation, particularly in the context of home‐based decentralized healthcare settings.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed via PubMed using keywords ‘nocturnal penile tumescence’, ‘NPT’, ‘sleep‐related erection’, ‘SRE’, ‘rigidity monitoring’, ‘NPTR’, ‘tumescence monitoring’, ‘erectile dysfunction’ and ‘smart wearable’. All relevant literature was retrieved and reviewed. Web‐based Google and manual searches of references were also performed to identify relevant articles and solutions missed by online indexes.FindingsAn increasing number of methods and solutions are integrating digital technologies, harnessing sensors, and utilizing data analytics for continuous monitoring and AI‐assisted prediction of ED.ConclusionThe future of ED monitoring is expected to leverage digital technologies to enhance evaluation, monitoring, and accurate diagnosis in decentralized healthcare environments maintaining patient privacy and driving early detection and intervention.
Spanning cycles in random directed graphs
Authors: Montgomery Richard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe show that, in almost every ‐vertex random directed graph process, a copy of every possible ‐vertex oriented cycle will appear strictly before a directed Hamilton cycle does, except of course for the directed cycle itself. Furthermore, given an arbitrary ‐vertex oriented cycle, we determine the sharp threshold for its appearance in the binomial random directed graph. These results confirm, in a strong form, a conjecture of Ferber and Long.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Magnetic Molecular Imprinted Polymer for Tetracycline Quantification in Food Samples
Authors: Zeb Shakeel , Wong Ademar , Khan Sabir , Hussain Sajjad , Sotomayor Maria D. P. T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the present work, we synthesized and tested a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (mag‐MIP) sensor for the detection of tetracycline in food samples. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrofluorometry were employed for tetracycline determination. The mag‐MIP was polymerized on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles using the following substances: 4 mmol of methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, 20 mmol of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross‐linking agent, 82.5 mg of benzoyl peroxide as the radical initiator, and 30 ml of acetonitrile as the solvent. The physicochemical characteristics of the proposed mag‐MIP, including adsorption capabilities and selectivity, were studied and compared with those of a magnetic non‐molecularly imprinted polymer (mag‐NIP). The analytical curve was constructed in the range of 1.0×10−5–8.0×10−5 mol L−1, LOD: 3.3×10−6, LOQ: 1.1×10−5 mol L−1. The results obtained from the adsorption analysis showed that the highest adsorption capacity of the mag‐MIP at equilibrium was 8.247 mg g−1 and that the tetracycline adsorption process followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order reaction kinetics. The proposed mag‐MIP also exhibited good results when subjected to fluorescence analysis; an increase in tetracycline concentration resulted in an increase in the adsorption capacity, and this led to the effective removal of tetracycline with the reduction of fluorescence intensity. The applicability of the proposed mag‐MIP was evaluated in honey, cow milk, and egg samples through recovery tests conducted using samples containing spiked tetracycline concentration at two different concentration levels (1.7×10−5 and 2.5×10−5 mol L−1), where we obtained recovery percentages in the range of 73.2–87.2 % (HPLC) and 90.5–103.7 % (spectrofluorometry).
Selective Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Through Plasmonic Z‐Scheme Ag‐Bi2O3‐ZnO Heterostructures
Authors: Alnaggar Gubran , Alkanad Khaled , Bajiri Mohammed Abdullah , Krishnappagowda Lokanath N. , Ananda Sannaiah , Drmosh Qasem A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCombination of plasmonic noble metal with semiconductors offers a promising and potential solar energy harvesting and conversion route. Herein, plasmonic Z‐scheme Ag‐Bi2O3‐ZnO (AgBZ) heterostructure is designed and synthesized via solution combustion and photo‐deposition method. Metallic Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited over Bi2O3‐ZnO heterostructure; thus, they exhibit strong visible light absorption owing to surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized catalysts is investigated by the photocatalytic CO2 reduction to fuels under simulated solar light irradiation. The present system has shown an outstanding photocatalytic CO2 reduction and excellent selectivity of CO. The evolved rate of CO fuel, the amount of CO produced per unit time, over optimized Ag‐Bi2O3‐ZnO (3AgBZ) heterostructures was (96.74 μmol g−1/h) which was approximately 12 times larger than that of Bi2O3‐ZnO (0AgBZ) and 49‐fold than the quantity of evolved CO fuels over pure ZnO photocatalyst. The percentage of evolved CO to CH4 fuels over optimized Ag‐Bi2O3‐ZnO (3AgBZ) heterostructures was about 50 : 1compared to that of 2 : 3 over Bi2O3‐ZnO (0AgBZ). The great improvement and the high selectivity would be ascribed to the synergistic effect of metallic surface plasmon resonance and the Z‐scheme charges transfer system. This work would open a window to construct a single photocatalyst with different charge separation systems and excellent CO2 reduction selectivity. Finally, the mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic performance by the synergistic effect was described and discussed.
Localized Ionic Reinforcement of Double Network Granular Hydrogels
Authors: Thoma Alexandra , Amstad Esther 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNature produces soft materials with fascinating combinations of mechanical properties. For example, the mussel byssus embodies a combination of stiffness and toughness, a feature that is unmatched by synthetic hydrogels. Key to enabling these excellent mechanical properties are the well‐defined structures of natural materials and their compositions controlled on lengths scales down to tens of nanometers. The composition of synthetic materials can be controlled on a micrometer length scale if processed into densely packed microgels. However, these microgels are typically soft. Microgels can be stiffened by enhancing interactions between particles, for example through the formation of covalent bonds between their surfaces or a second interpenetrating hydrogel network. Nonetheless, changes in the composition of these synthetic materials occur on a micrometer length scale. Here, 3D printable load‐bearing granular hydrogels are introduced whose composition changes on the tens of nanometer length scale. The hydrogels are composed of jammed microgels encompassing tens of nm‐sized ionically reinforced domains that increase the stiffness of double network granular hydrogels up to 18‐fold. The printability of the ink and the local reinforcement of the resulting granular hydrogels are leveraged to 3D print a butterfly with composition and structural changes on a tens of nanometer length scale.
Surface Pinning of Mn by Oxidation State Control for the Synthesis of Cobalt‐Free, Ni‐Rich, Core/Shell Structured Cathode Materials
Authors: Shim JinHa , Kim Ye Jin , Bang Jin Ho 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMotivated by the increasing cost, environmental concerns, and limited availability of Co, researchers are actively seeking alternative cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. A promising strategy involves structure‐modified materials, such as a NiMn core/shell system. This design leverages the high energy density of a Ni‐rich core while employing an Mn‐rich shell to enhance interfacial stability by suppressing unwanted reactions with the electrolyte. This approach offers improved cycling stability and reduced reliance on Co. However, the interdiffusion of Mn ions between the core and shell remains a significant challenge during synthesis. This work presents a facile approach to address the issue of Mn interdiffusion in core/shell cathode materials. The study demonstrates that partial oxidation of the precursor during the drying stage effectively enhances the Mn oxidation state. This strategy successfully suppresses Mn interdiffusion during subsequent calcination, leading to the preservation of the core/shell architecture in the final cathode material. This optimized structure mitigates interfacial reactions, enhances chemomechanical properties, and reduces crosstalk, a major contributor to rollover failure. This work presents a novel approach for synthesizing high‐performance core/shell cathode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries.
Starch Gel Electrolyte and its Interaction with Trivalent Aluminum for Aqueous Aluminum‐Ion Batteries: Enhanced Low Temperature Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Ramakrishnan Saraswathi , Sasirajan Little Flower Sajan Raj , Hanamantrao Desai Prashant , Kasiviswanathan Kavibharathy , Sesu Divya Catherin , Muthu Kesavan , Elumalai Varathan , Vediappan Kumaran 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study explores trivalent Al interaction with aqueous starch gel in the presence of two different anions through salting effect. Salting‐out nature of Al2(SO4)3·18H2O with starch gel causes precipitation of starch; this happens due to competitive anion‐water complex formation over starch–water interaction, thereby reducing polymer solubility. Salting‐in effect of AlCl3 with starch gel happens through Al3+ cation interaction with hydroxyl group of starch and increases polymer solubility, making gel electrolyte viable for battery applications. Prepared gel electrolyte exhibits ionic conductivity of 1.59 mS cm−1 and a high tAl3+ value of 0.77. The gel electrolyte's performance is studied using two different cathodes, the Al|MoO3 cell employing starch gel electrolyte achieves discharge capacity of 193 mA h g−1 and Al|MnO2 cell achieves discharge capacity of 140 mA h g−1 @0.1 A g−1 for first cycle. The diffusion coefficient of both cells using starch gel electrolyte is calculated and found to be 2.1 × 10−11 cm2 s−1 for Al|MoO3 and 3.1 × 10−11 cm2 s−1 for Al|MnO2 cells. The Al|MoO3 cell at lower temperature shows improved electrochemical performance with a specific capacity retention of ≈87.8% over 90 cycles. This kind of aqueous gel electrolyte operating at low temperature broadens the application for next generation sustainable batteries.
Vacancy Suppression and Resonant Level Rendering Extraordinary Power Factor in Sn0.99In0.01Te/Tourmaline Composite
Authors: Li Zhihao , Wang Long , Abbas Adeel , Zong Yujie , Tan Chang , Sun Yuqing , Wang Hongxiang , Su Wenbin , Wang Chunlei , Wang Hongchao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSnTe, as a potential medium‐temperature thermoelectric material, reaches a maximum power factor (PF) usually above 750 K, which is not conducive to continuous high‐power output in practical applications. In this study, PF is maintained at high values between 18.5 and 25 µW cm−1 K−2 for Sn0.99In0.01Te−x wt% tourmaline samples within the temperature range of 323 to 873 K, driving the highest PFeng of 1.2 W m−1 K−1 and PFave of 22.5 µW cm−1 K−2, over 2.5 times that of pristine SnTe. Such an extraordinary PF is attributed to the synergy of resonant levels and Sn vacancy suppression. Specifically, the Seebeck coefficient increases dramatically, reaching 88 µV K−1 at room temperature. Meanwhile, by Sn vacancy suppression, carrier concentration, and mobility are optimized to ≈1019 cm−3 and 740 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. With the tourmaline compositing, Sn vacancies are further suppressed and the thermal conductivity simultaneously decreases, with the minimum lattice thermal conductivity of 0.9 W m−1 K−1. Finally, the zT value ≈0.8 is obtained in the Sn0.99In0.01Te sample. The peak of the power output density reaches 0.89 W cm−2 at a temperature difference of 600 K. Such SnTe alloys with high and “temperature‐independent” PF will offer an option for realizing high output power in thermoelectric devices.
Climate Change, Global Scales and Safety
Authors: Le Coze Jean-Christophe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe argument of this chapter is that climate change is one change among many which currently affect the operating landscape of safety-critical systems, and that safety research should adapt its lenses to capture these changes. Climate change, which could, perhaps, preferably be described as global warming, should therefore not be considered in isolation but in relation to other changes (e.g., globalization, digitalization). One task for safety research is therefore to identify, to empirically study and to explore the implications of such changes for safety but also to address their theoretical consequences. Following a short presentation of a case study in the chemical industry, the proposition of Post Normal Accident is briefly introduced. It provides analytical lenses to conceptualize change through the notion of global scales shaping new causal regimes in safety, causal regimes expanding coupling and complexity well beyond Perrow’s initial use of the notions in the 1980s.
Generalized unitary evolution for symplectic scalar fermions
Authors: Lee Cheng-Yang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The theory of symplectic scalar fermion of LeClair and Neubert is studied. The theory evades the conventional spin-statistics theorem because its Hamiltonian is pseudo Hermitian. The definition of pseudo Hermiticity is examined in the interacting and the Heisenberg picture. For states that evolve under pseudo Hermitian Hamiltonians, we define the appropriate inner-product and matrix element of operators that preserve time translation symmetry. The resulting S-matrix is shown to satisfy the generalized unitarity relation. We clarify the derivation of the symplectic currents and charges. By demanding the currents and charges to be pseudo Hermitian, the global symmetry of the free Lagrangian density reduces from Sp(2, ℂ) to SU(2). By explicit calculations, we show that the LeClair-Neubert model of N quartic self-interacting scalar fermions admits generalized unitary evolution.
The oblique parameters from arbitrary new fermions
Authors: Albergaria F. , Jurčiukonis D. , Lavoura L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We compute the six oblique parameters S, T, U, V, W, X in a New Physics Model with an arbitrary number of new fermions, in arbitrary representations of SU(2) × U(1), and mixing arbitrarily among themselves. We show that S and U are automatically finite, but T is finite only if there is a specific relation between the masses of the new fermions and the representations of SU(2) × U(1) that they sit in. We apply our general computation to two illustrative cases.
Exendin-4 blockade of T1R2/T1R3 activation improves Pseudomonas aeruginosa-related pneumonia in an animal model of chemically induced diabetes
Authors: Yu Shanjun , Xu Chaoqun , Tang Xiang , Wang Lijun , Hu Lihua , Li Liang , Zhou Xiangdong , Li Qi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
Poorly controlled diabetes frequently exacerbates lung infection, thereby complicating treatment strategies. Recent studies have shown that exendin-4 exhibits not only hypoglycemic but also anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to explore the role of exendin-4 in lung infection with diabetes, as well as its association with NOD1/NF-κB and the T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptor.

Methods
16HBE human bronchial epithelial cells cultured with 20 mM glucose were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Furthermore, Sprague‒Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet, followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and intratracheal instillation of PA. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were evaluated using ELISAs and RT‒qPCR. The expression of T1R2, T1R3, NOD1 and NF-κB p65 was assayed using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Pathological changes in the lungs of the rats were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.

Results
At the same dose of LPS, the 20 mM glucose group produced more proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and had higher levels of T1R2, T1R3, NOD1 and NF-κB p65 than the normal control group (with 5.6 mM glucose). However, preintervention with exendin-4 significantly reduced the levels of the aforementioned proinflammatory cytokines and signaling molecules. Similarly, diabetic rats infected with PA exhibited increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in their lungs and increased expression of T1R2, T1R3, NOD1 and NF-κB p65, and these effects were reversed by exendin-4.

Conclusions
Diabetic hyperglycemia can exacerbate inflammation during lung infection, promote the increase in NOD1/NF-κB, and promote T1R2/T1R3. Exendin-4 can ameliorate PA-related pneumonia with diabetes and overexpression of NOD1/NF-κB. Additionally, exendin-4 suppresses T1R2/T1R3, potentially through its hypoglycemic effect or through a direct mechanism. The correlation between heightened expression of T1R2/T1R3 and an intensified inflammatory response in lung infection with diabetes requires further investigation.
Organspende und Organassessment nach primärem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand und sekundärem Hirntod
Authors: Müller Philip C. , Müller Beat P. , Dutkowski Philipp 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der weltweite Organmangel ist das größte Hindernis, um die dringend notwendigen Lebertransplantationsaktivitäten auszuweiten. Um die Anzahl gespendeter Organe zu erhöhen, wurde in vielen europäischen Ländern neben der Spende nach Hirntod („donation after brain death“ [DBD]) auch die Spende bei primärem Herz-Kreislauf-Tod („donation after circulatory death“ [DCD]) und sekundärem Hirntod eingeführt.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es erfolgt eine Zusammenfassung der legalen und ethischen Aspekte des Herz-Kreislauf-Todes, des Prozesses der DCD-Spende, der klinischen Ergebnisse insbesondere in Bezug auf das Organassessment vor einer geplanten DCD-Lebertransplantation.

Ergebnisse
In Europa haben 11 Länder aktive DCD-Lebertransplantationsprogramme, und 2023 wurden in Europa insgesamt 1230 DCD-Lebertransplantationen durchgeführt. Den höchsten Anteil machten DCD-Lebertransplantationen in Belgien (52,8 %), Holland (42,8 %) und der Schweiz (32,1 %) aus. Die adäquate Selektion von Spendern und Empfängern ist bei DCD-Transplantationen entscheidend, und die Verwendung von DCD-Lebern hängt insbesondere von der Bereitschaft zur routinemäßigen Maschinenperfusion ab. Die Spitzenreiter Belgien, Frankreich und Italien implantieren rund 68–74 % aller DCD-Organe. Bei adäquatem Organassessment sind die Langzeitergebnisse von DBD- und DCD-Lebertransplantationen vergleichbar. Die hypotherme oxygenierte Maschinenperfusion (HOPE) erlaubt neben der Einschätzung des mitochondrialen Schadens gleichzeitig eine mitochondriale Protektion durch die Oxygenierung. Die Etablierung eines aeroben Stoffwechsels in Mitochondrien in der Hypothermie führt zu einer Reduktion toxischer Metabolite und zur Wiederherstellung der ATP(Adenosintriphosphat)-Speicher, dadurch kommt es anschließend bei der Implantation zu einer „Reperfusion Light“.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Erweiterung des Spenderpools durch DCD-Spender wirkt der weltweiten Organknappheit entgegen. Bei adäquater Selektion und routinemäßigem Organassessment sind sowohl Kurzzeit- als auch Langzeitergebnisse von DBD- und DCD-Lebertransplantationen vergleichbar.