bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making Social Worlds
Authors: Gališanka Andrius 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Making the Social World is John Searle’s latest statement on social ontology. His argument is clarified and expanded, but, despite various objections, it remains largely unchanged. In this review, I want to present Searle’s new book in light of these objections, explain why he has rejected the more important among them, and ask whether his reasons for doing so are defensible. I first present arguments that Searle’s naturalism – his broader philosophical project – does not have a definite shape in the social realm. I argue that this view is largely right because Searle allows for two seemingly inconsistent approaches: historical narratives and generalized explanations. I then introduce objections from historicists, who argue that Searle’s theory is not in fact compatible with historical explanations. I explain why Searle rejects these objections, and suggest that his reasons for doing so cannot be defended against examples of conceptual incongruity. On the whole, I argue that Searle’s naturalism starts from stronger assumptions than argument allows.
‘History Man’. The First Biography on R.G. Collingwood
Authors: Vanheeswijck Guido 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Is ‘History Man’, Fred Inglis’ biography on R.G. Collingwood a successful biography? Inglis’ explicit ambition is to portray the concrete figure Collingwood by abducting him from what he calls the vacuum-packed academic world of scholars. But the best biographers look for a balanced equilibrium between rendering philosophical ideas and dramatizing a philosopher’s life. Put another way, they evoke the interweaving of a philosopher’s thought with the vicissitudes of his life. Despite the unmistakable qualities of this biography, Fred Inglis did not fully succeed in finding that very balance, mainly due to a lack of philosophical background. While Oxford University Press with the new edition of his works and manuscripts is thoroughly reorienting the traditional view of Collingwood, Inglis’ fluently written but rather biased portrayal does no full justice to the heart of his fascinating philosophy and personality.
Semibalance Model in Terrain-Following Coordinates
Authors: Xu Qin , Cao Jie 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
By partitioning the hydrostatically balanced flow into a nonlinearly balanced primary-flow part and a remaining secondary-flow part and then truncating the secondary-flow vorticity advection and stretching–tilting terms in the vector vorticity equation, the previous semibalance model (SBM) in pseudoheight coordinates is rederived in terrain-following pressure coordinates, called η coordinates. The involved truncation is topologically the same as that in pseudoheight coordinates but the truncated terms in η coordinates are not equivalent to those in pseudoheight coordinates. Because its potential vorticity (PV) is conserved and invertible, the rederived SBM is suitable for studying balanced dynamics via “PV thinking” in real weather events, such as slowly varying vortices and curved fronts in which the primary-flow velocity and secondary-flow vorticity are nearly parallel in η coordinates.
Modulation of Tropical Cyclones over the Eastern Pacific by the Intraseasonal Variability Simulated in an AGCM
Authors: Jiang Xianan , Zhao Ming , Waliser Duane E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study illustrates that observed modulations of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the eastern Pacific (EPAC) by large-scale intraseasonal variability (ISV) are well represented in a recently developed high-resolution atmospheric model (HiRAM) at the NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) with a horizontal resolution of about 50 km. Considering the intrinsic predictability of the ISV of 2–4 weeks, this analysis thus has significant implications for dynamically based TC predictions on intraseasonal time scales. Analysis indicates that the genesis potential index (GPI) anomalies associated with the ISV can generally well depict ISV modulations of EPAC TC genesis in both observations and HiRAM simulations. Further investigation is conducted to explore the key factors associated with ISV modulation of TC activity based on an analysis of budget terms of the observed GPI during the ISV life cycle. It is found that, while relative roles of GPI factors are dependent on ISV phase and location, lower-level cyclonic vorticity, enhanced midlevel relative humidity, and reduced vertical wind shear can all contribute to the observed active TC genesis over the EPAC during particular ISV phases. In general, the observed anomalous ISV patterns of these large-scale GPI factors are well represented in HiRAM. Model deficiencies are also noted particularly in the anomalous midlevel relative humidity patterns and amplitude of vertical wind shear associated with the EPAC ISV.
Modeling the Response of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds to Global Warming: The Impact of Subgrid-Scale Precipitation Formation
Authors: Lauer Axel , Bennartz Ralf , Hamilton Kevin , Wang Yuqing 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
An important parameter often adjusted to achieve agreement between simulated and observed radiative fluxes in climate models is the rain formation efficiency. This adjustment has been justified as accounting for the effects of subgrid-scale variability in cloud properties, but this tuning approach is rather arbitrary. This study examines results from a regional climate model with precipitation formation schemes that have been conventionally tuned, and it compares them with simulations employing a recently developed scheme that uses satellite observations to explicitly account for the subgrid-scale variability of clouds (“integral constraint method”). Simulations with the International Pacific Research Center’s Regional Atmospheric Model (iRAM) show that the integral constraint method is capable of simulating cloud fields over the eastern Pacific that are in good agreement with observations, without requiring model tuning. A series of global warming simulations for late twenty-first-century conditions is performed to investigate the impact of the treatment of the precipitation formation efficiency on modeled cloud–climate feedbacks. The results with the integral constraint method show that the simulated cloud feedbacks have similar patterns at all the model resolutions considered (grid spacings of 50, 100, and 200 km), but there are some quantitative differences (with smaller feedbacks at finer resolution). The cloud responses to global warming in simulations with a conventionally tuned autoconversion scheme and with the integral constraint method were found to be quite consistent, although differences in individual regions of ~10%–30% are evident. No conclusions can be drawn from this study on the validity of model tuning for thick clouds and mixed phase or ice clouds, however.
The 2009/10 Drought in China: Possible Causes and Impacts on Vegetation
Authors: Barriopedro David , Gouveia Célia M. , Trigo Ricardo M. , Wang Lin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSeveral provinces of China experienced an intense drought episode during 2009 and 2010. The drought was particularly severe in southwestern and northern China, where the accumulated precipitation from May 2009 to April 2010 was about 25% less than normal. The decline of accumulated precipitation over northern China was mostly noticeable during the summer season of 2009 and it was comparable to recent dry episodes. The southwestern China drought resulted from a sequence of dry months from summer 2009 to winter 2010, corresponding to the driest event since at least 1951. The suppression of rainfall in summer over both regions was in agreement with a weakened broad-scale South Asian summer monsoon, possibly influenced by an El Niño developing phase, whereas the extremely negative phases of the Arctic Oscillation during the winter of 2010 may have contributed to the persistence of the drought in southwestern China. The assessment of the associated impacts indicates that water reservoirs were severely affected with a ~20% reduction in the nationwide hydroelectrical production during the drought event. Furthermore, an analysis of the normalized difference vegetation index data reveals that large cropland sectors of northern and eastern China experienced up to 8 months of persistently stressed vegetation between May 2009 and July 2010, while southwestern China was relatively less affected. Such different regional vegetative responses are interpreted in terms of the land-cover type, agriculture management, and their dependence on seasonal precipitation and water availability for irrigation.
Organizational cultural competence consultation to a mental health institution
Authors: Fung Kenneth , Lo Hung-Tat (Ted) , Srivastava Rani , Andermann Lisa 
Published: April 2012

Cultural competence is increasingly recognized as an essential component of effective mental health care delivery to address diversity and equity issues. Drawing from the literature and our experience in providing cultural competence consultation and training, the paper will discuss our perspective on the foundational concepts of cultural competence and how it applies to a health care organization, including its programs and services. Based on a recent consultation project, we present a methodology for assessing cultural competence in health care organizations, involving mixed quantitative and qualitative methods. Key findings and recommendations from the resulting cultural competence plan are discussed, including core principles, change strategies, and an Organizational Cultural Competence Framework, which may be applicable to other health care institutions seeking such changes. This framework, consisting of eight domains, can be used for organizational assessment and cultural competence planning, ultimately aiming at enhancing mental health care service to the diverse patients, families, and communities.
Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 expands, but does not activate, CD11b+ gr-1+ splenocytes in vivo
Authors: Nelson Daniel A , Chauhan Vinita S , Tolbert Melanie D , Bost Kenneth L 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (HV-68) is an efficient pathogen, capable of infecting and establishing lifelong latency in rodents. While many studies have demonstrated the ability of this viral infection to modulate immune responses, a unifying mechanism for HV-68-induced subversion of a protective host response remains elusive. We questioned whether infection with HV-68 could expand a population of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) as one mechanism for altering protective immunity.

Methods
Mice were infected with HV-68, with viral latency being established in these animals. At varying times post-infection, cells were isolated for detection of viral genomes, phenotyping of myeloid cell populations, and ex vivo analysis of suppressor activity of myeloid cells.

Results
CD11b + Gr-1+ myeloid cells accumulated in the spleens, but not the bone marrow, of HV-68 infected mice. These cells were predominantly Gr-1+ Ly-6 G+, and could be found to contain viral genomes. Increased levels of serum S100A8/A9 produced during viral infection were consistent with the expansion of these CD11b + Gr-1+ myeloid cells. Despite their expansion, these cells exhibited no increased arginase 1 or iNOS activity, and did not have the ability to suppress anti-CD3 antibody activated T lymphocyte responses.

Conclusions
We concluded that HV-68 infection was capable of expanding a population of myeloid cells which were phenotypically similar to MDSC. However these cells were not sufficiently activated during the establishment of viral latency to actively suppress T cell responses.
Hemolytic anemia following intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients treated for Kawasaki disease: a report of 4 cases
Authors: Berard Roberta , Whittemore Blair , Scuccimarri Rosie 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
Hemolytic anemia is a rare but reported side effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. The risk of significant hemolysis appears greater in those patients who receive high dose IVIG. The etiology is multifactorial but may relate to the quantity of blood group antibodies administered via the IVIG product.

Findings
We describe 4 patients with significant hemolytic anemia following treatment with IVIG for Kawasaki disease (KD). Direct antibody mediated attack as one of the mechanisms for hemolysis, in this population, is supported by the demonstration of specific blood group antibodies in addition to a positive direct antiglobulin test in our patients.

Conclusions
Clinicians should be aware of this complication and hemoglobin should be closely monitored following high dose IVIG therapy.
Complementarity problems via common fixed points in vector lattices
Authors: Abbas Mujahid , Khan Abdul Rahim , Németh SZ 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Nemeth introduced the notion of order weakly L-Lipschitz mapping and employed this concept to obtain nontrivial solutions of nonlinear complementarity problems. In this article, we shall extend this concept to two mappings and obtain the solution of common fixed point equations and hence coincidence point equations in the framework of vector lattices. We present some examples to show that the solution of nonlinear complementarity problems and implicit complementarity problems can be obtained using these results. We also provide an example of a mapping for which the conclusion of Banach contraction principle fails but admits one of our fixed point results. Our proofs are simple and purely order-theoretic in nature.
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes retained from childhood to adulthood predict adult outcomes: the Princeton LRC Follow-up Study
Authors: Morrison John A , Glueck Charles J , Woo Jessica G , Wang Ping 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundPediatric risk factors predict adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but whether they predict events independently of adult risk factors is not fully known.ObjectiveAssess whether risk factors for CVD and T2DM retained from childhood to adulthood predict CVD and T2DM in young adulthood.Study design770 schoolchildren, ages 5–20 (mean age 12), 26-yr prospective follow-up. We categorized childhood and adult risk factors and 26-year changes (triglycerides [TG], LDL cholesterol, BMI, blood pressure [BP] and glucose ≥, and HDL cholesterol < pediatric and young adult cutoffs). These risk factors and race, cigarette smoking, and family history of CVD and T2DM were assessed as predictors of CVD and T2DM at mean age 38.ResultsChildren who had high TG and retained high TG as adults had increased CVD events as adults (p= .0005). Children who had normal BMI and retained normal BMI as adults had reduced CVD events as adults (p= .02). Children who had high BP or high TG and retained these as adults had increased T2DM as adults (p= .0006,p= .003).ConclusionsRisk factors for CVD and T2DM retained from childhood to adulthood predict CVD and T2DM in young adulthood and support universal childhood screening.
Origin and evolution of spliceosomal introns
Authors: Rogozin Igor B , Carmel Liran , Csuros Miklos , Koonin Eugene V 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEvolution of exon-intron structure of eukaryotic genes has been a matter of long-standing, intensive debate. The introns-early concept, later rebranded ‘introns first’ held that protein-coding genes were interrupted by numerous introns even at the earliest stages of life's evolution and that introns played a major role in the origin of proteins by facilitating recombination of sequences coding for small protein/peptide modules. The introns-late concept held that introns emerged only in eukaryotes and new introns have been accumulating continuously throughout eukaryotic evolution. Analysis of orthologous genes from completely sequenced eukaryotic genomes revealed numerous shared intron positions in orthologous genes from animals and plants and even between animals, plants and protists, suggesting that many ancestral introns have persisted since the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). Reconstructions of intron gain and loss using the growing collection of genomes of diverse eukaryotes and increasingly advanced probabilistic models convincingly show that the LECA and the ancestors of each eukaryotic supergroup had intron-rich genes, with intron densities comparable to those in the most intron-rich modern genomes such as those of vertebrates. The subsequent evolution in most lineages of eukaryotes involved primarily loss of introns, with only a few episodes of substantial intron gain that might have accompanied major evolutionary innovations such as the origin of metazoa. The original invasion of self-splicing Group II introns, presumably originating from the mitochondrial endosymbiont, into the genome of the emerging eukaryote might have been a key factor of eukaryogenesis that in particular triggered the origin of endomembranes and the nucleus. Conversely, splicing errors gave rise to alternative splicing, a major contribution to the biological complexity of multicellular eukaryotes. There is no indication that any prokaryote has ever possessed a spliceosome or introns in protein-coding genes, other than relatively rare mobile self-splicing introns. Thus, the introns-first scenario is not supported by any evidence but exon-intron structure of protein-coding genes appears to have evolved concomitantly with the eukaryotic cell, and introns were a major factor of evolution throughout the history of eukaryotes. This article was reviewed by I. King Jordan, Manuel Irimia (nominated by Anthony Poole), Tobias Mourier (nominated by Anthony Poole), and Fyodor Kondrashov. For the complete reports, see the Reviewers’ Reports section.
Fabry disease presenting with sudden hearing loss and otosclerosis: a case report
Authors: Felisati Giovanni , Salvatici Elisabetta , Pipolo Carlotta , Portaleone Sara , Riva Enrica , Giovannini Marcello 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder resulting in a multiple-system disorder with a wide spectrum of physical signs and symptoms, predominantly affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems, skin, heart, kidneys, and eyes.

Case presentation
We describe the case of a 26-year-old European Caucasian man who had Fabry disease and who presented with episodic sudden unilateral hearing loss and was treated with glucocorticoids, pentoxifylline, hyperbaric oxygen, and fluoride because of concomitant audiometric evidence of otosclerosis. This case demonstrates the partial and transient beneficial effect of standard treatment for sudden hearing loss not related to Fabry disease and analyzes the possible connection between typical Fabry disease inner-ear lesions and otosclerosis. Whereas hearing loss has been described in connection with Fabry disease, otosclerosis-associated hearing loss in Fabry disease has not yet been described.

Conclusions
Although progressive hearing loss in patients with Fabry disease seems to be influenced by replacement therapy, few data concerning treatment of sudden hearing loss are available. The lack of literature concerning the pathogenesis of the otological involvement in Fabry disease makes it impossible to identify a connection between the latter and otosclerosis. Therefore, this report may help to reinforce the importance of a thorough evaluation of hearing in patients with Fabry disease and may be of help with therapeutic decision-making.
Growth comparison of several Escherichia coli strains exposed to various concentrations of lactoferrin using linear spline regression
Authors: Sekse Camilla , Bohlin Jon , Skjerve Eystein , Vegarud Gerd E 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
We wanted to compare growth differences between 13 Escherichia coli strains exposed to various concentrations of the growth inhibitor lactoferrin in two different types of broth (Syncase and Luria-Bertani (LB)). To carry this out, we present a simple statistical procedure that separates microbial growth curves that are due to natural random perturbations and growth curves that are more likely caused by biological differences.
Bacterial growth was determined using optical density data (OD) recorded for triplicates at 620 nm for 18 hours for each strain. Each resulting growth curve was divided into three equally spaced intervals. We propose a procedure using linear spline regression with two knots to compute the slopes of each interval in the bacterial growth curves. These slopes are subsequently used to estimate a 95% confidence interval based on an appropriate statistical distribution. Slopes outside the confidence interval were considered as significantly different from slopes within. We also demonstrate the use of related, but more advanced methods known collectively as generalized additive models (GAMs) to model growth. In addition to impressive curve fitting capabilities with corresponding confidence intervals, GAM’s allow for the computation of derivatives, i.e. growth rate estimation, with respect to each time point.

Results
The results from our proposed procedure agreed well with the observed data. The results indicated that there were substantial growth differences between the E. coli strains. Most strains exhibited improved growth in the nutrient rich LB broth compared to Syncase. The inhibiting effect of lactoferrin varied between the different strains. The atypical enteropathogenic aEPEC-2 grew, on average, faster in both broths than the other strains tested while the enteroinvasive strains, EIEC-6 and EIEC-7 grew slower. The enterotoxigenic ETEC-5 strain, exhibited exceptional growth in Syncase broth, but slower growth in LB broth.

Conclusions
Our results do not indicate clear growth differences between pathogroups or pathogenic versus non-pathogenic E. coli.
Nepheline Synthesized from Sodalite as Diesel-Soot Combustion Catalyst: Structure–Property Relationship Study for an Enhanced Water Tolerance
Authors: Kimura Riichiro , Nghia Dinh Thanh , Wakabayashi Junji , Elangovan Shanmugam Palani , Ogura Masaru , Okubo Tatsuya 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this study, phase changes, catalytic active species that appeared at the phase change, and the corresponding water tolerance of samples obtained upon thermal treatment from K2CO3-supported microsized and nanosized sodalite as diesel-soot combustion catalyst are examined. We have shown the successful preparation of nepheline with water tolerance from sodalite as starting material. It is confirmed that the interaction between alkali metal carbonate and crystalline aluminosilicate is prerequisite for enhancing water tolerance of the catalytically active component, Na/K carbonate, located on the nepheline.