bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discomfort and Pain in Newborns With Myelomeningocele: A Prospective Evaluation
Authors: Ottenhoff Myrthe J. , Dammers Ruben , Kompanje Erwin J. O. , Tibboel Dick , de Jong T. H. Rob 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE:
In a worldwide debate on deliberately terminating the lives of newborns, proponents point at newborns with very severe forms of myelomeningocele (MMC) and their assumed suffering, claiming there are no effective means of alleviating their distress. Nevertheless, the degree of discomfort and pain in these newborns has never been assessed in a structured manner.

METHODS:
In a prospective cohort study, 28 consecutive newborns with MMC were included over a 5-year period and were followed up throughout their hospital stay for initial treatment. We created 2 disease severity groups on the basis of the Lorber criteria. The primary outcomes were discomfort and pain, assessed by simultaneously scoring 2 validated scales: the visual analog scale for pain and the Comfort Behavioral Scale for discomfort. These scores were coupled to a validated and evidence-based analgesia algorithm.

RESULTS:
Overall, discomfort related to pain was measured in 3.3% of the scores. This percentage differed little between the preoperative and postoperative periods and did not significantly differ between newborns with less severe MMC and severe MMC (3.9% vs 2.8%; P = .3). The mean dosage of paracetamol was 35 mg/kg per day (95% confidence interval: 32–39); the mean dosage of morphine was 0.9 μg/kg per hour (95% confidence interval: 0.6 –1.2).

CONCLUSION
Over the length of their hospital stays for initial treatment, all newborns with MMC presented with low levels of discomfort and pain independent of disease severity and time frame.
Are Psychiatric Diagnoses an Obstacle for Research and Practice? Reliability, Validity and the Problem of Psychiatric Diagnoses. The Case of GAD
Authors: Faravelli Carlo , Castellini Giovanni , Landi Monica , Brugnera Andrea 
Published: February 2012

The present article focused on the problem of validity, reliability and specificity of psychiatric diagnoses.
The authors moved by the concept of syndrome, defined by Sydenham in the 18th century as a constellation of several interrelated symptoms, showing a stable, characteristic structure and a peculiar prognosis, in order to analyse the peculiarity of the current psychiatric nosology. In our opinion, the current nosographic system based on DSM-IV criteria, prevents psychiatry from benefiting of the significant technological progress that has led the rest of medical sciences to important clinical achievements in the last 20 years. The case of Generalized Anxiety Disorder was taken as an example of a disease characterized by unstable diagnostic criteria, high rate of comorbidity and uncertain boundaries. An analysis of the data from the Sesto Fiorentino study was performed to investigate the presence of common mood and anxiety symptoms across the most represented DSM IV diagnoses, in order to evaluate the specificity of these symptoms.
The results supported the hypothesis of a low specificity of these symptoms, suggesting the need for psychiatry to find new and more specific markers and instruments.
The Epidemiology, Genetics and Future Management of Syndactyly
Authors: Jordan D , Hindocha S , Dhital M , Saleh M , Khan W 
Published: February 2012

Syndactyly is a condition well documented in current literature due to it being the most common congenital hand defect, with a large aesthetic and functional significance.There are currently nine types of phenotypically diverse non-syndromic syndactyly, an increase since the original classification by Temtamy and McKusick(1978). Non-syndromic syndactyly is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, although the more severe presenting types and sub types appear to have autosomal recessive and in some cases X-linked hereditary.Gene research has found that these phenotypes appear to not only be one gene specific, although having individual localised loci, but dependant on a wide range of genes and subsequent signalling pathways involved in limb formation. The principal genes so far defined to be involved in congenital syndactyly concern mainly the Zone of Polarizing Activity and Shh pathway.Research into the individual phenotypes appears to complicate classification as new genes are found both linked, and not linked, to each malformation. Consequently anatomical, phenotypical and genotypical classifications can be used, but are variable in significance, depending on the audience.Currently, management is surgical, with a technique unchanged for several decades, although future development will hopefully bring alternatives in both earlier diagnosis and gene manipulation for therapy.
A Baselining of Alternative Fuel Usage
Authors: Fuller Jack , Bessette Robert 
Published: February 2012

Alternative fuel usage is becoming a more and more prevalent topic of discussion and important research area for
those who work in the energy field and perform research on energy topics. This interest is due to the dwindling supply and
increasing cost of more traditional energy supplies, as well as environmental considerations. Bio-fuels have now become an
important research area as they have the potential to be able to replace some portion of the current United States dependence on
traditional energy sources.
This research project performed a baselining effort on as large a sample of solid fuel boilers (utilizing the United States
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) data) as was possible given the time and resource constraints of the project. This
baselining effort in particular focused on alternative fuel usage commonly used in facilities surveyed across the United States.
It is felt that the baselining report generated as a result of this effort will provide valuable assistance to researchers as they
continue to analyze the impact of alternative fuel usage (particularly the use of bio-fuels). This is a relatively new research field
that will impact much of the focus on energy generation and fuel supplies for many years to come.
Computerised static posturography in neurology
Authors: Vališ Martin , Dršata Jakub , Kalfeřt David , Semerák Pavel , Kremláček Jan 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Posturography is a general term for techniques used to measure postural stability on static or dynamic measuring platforms. The principle of static computerised posturography (SCPG) is the detection of the centre of foot pressure (CFP) in upright stance on a posturography platform. Our communication deals with the importance of SCPG in differential topodiagnosis of vestibular syndromes in neurology. The set of examinations and evaluations carried out was divided among a control group of healthy subjects (77), a group of subjects with peripheral vestibular disorder (159), and a group of subjects with a non-peripheral balance disorder (82). Results obtained through the measurements were evaluated using descriptive statistics procedures and basic numerical and graphic statistical characteristics of the given groups. Our observations demonstrate that posturography is a valuable auxiliary test for balance disorders, especially given the lack of more suitable tests. According to our results, SCPG can be used for a rough differential topodiagnosis of balance disorders in neurology.
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) — a new factor linking immunity to diet?
Authors: Bienertova-Vasku Julie , Bienert Petr , Zlamal Filip , Tomandl Josef , Forejt Martin , Tomandlova Marie , Vavrina Martin , Kudelková Jana , Splichal Zbynek , Vasku Anna 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
B cell activation factor (BAFF) is a recently discovered member of the TNF ligand superfamily secreted by adipocytes, previously linked to autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between BAFF plasma levels and the non-modified, usual dietary composition as well as obesity-related anthropometric parameters in a cohort of 58 obese and non-obese Central-European Caucasian individuals. We found that BAFF had an independent predictive role for percentage of body fat; moreover, BAFF levels were correlated with waist and hip circumference. BAFF plasma levels were also significantly correlated with investigated dietary composition based on the 7-day food records, as the BAFF levels correlated with the percentage of energy derived from the carbohydrates and with energy derived from the dietary fat. Our results suggest that BAFF may play a role in linking the immune status and metabolic response to diet.
Some properties of retract lattices of monounary algebras
Authors: Jakubíková-Studenovská Danica , Pócs Jozef 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Necessary and sufficient conditions for a connected monounary algebra (A, f), under which the lattice R
∅(A, f) of all retracts of (A, f) (together with ∅) is algebraic, are proved. Simultaneously, all connected monounary algebras in which each retract is a union of completely join-irreducible elements of R
∅(A, f) are characterized. Further, there are described all connected monounary algebras (A, f) such that the lattice R
∅(A, f) is complemented. In this case R
∅(A, f) forms a boolean lattice.
Statistical order convergence in Riesz spaces
Authors: Şençi̇men Celaleddi̇n , Pehli̇van Serpi̇l 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the concepts of statistical monotone convergence and statistical order convergence in a Riesz space, and establish some basic facts. We show that the statistical order convergence and the statistical convergence in norm need not be equivalent in a normed Riesz space. Finally, we introduce the statistical order boundedness of a sequence in a Riesz space.
Mapping ice-shelf flow with interferometric synthetic aperture radar stacking
Authors: McMillan Malcolm , Shepherd Andrew , Gourmelen Noel , Park Jeong-Won , Nienow Peter , Rinne Eero , Leeson Amber 
Published: February 2012

AbstractInterferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations of ice-shelf flow contain ocean-tide and atmospheric-pressure signals. A model-based correction can be applied, but this method is limited by its dependency upon model accuracy, which in remote regions can be uncertain. Here we describe a method to determine two-dimensional ice-shelf flow vectors independently of model predictions of tide and atmospheric pressure, by stacking conventional and multiple aperture InSAR (MAI) observations of the Dotson Ice Shelf, West Antarctica. In this way we synthesize a longer observation period, which enhances long-period (flow) displacement signals, relative to rapidly varying (tide and atmospheric pressure) signals and noise. We estimate the error associated with each component of the velocity field to be ~22 ma-1, which could be further reduced if more images were available to stack. With the upcoming launch of several satellite missions, offering the prospect of regular short-repeat SAR acquisitions, this study demonstrates that stacking can improve estimates of ice-shelf flow velocity.
A smoothed-particle hydrodynamics model for ice-sheet and ice-shelf dynamics
Authors: Pan Wenxiao , Tartakovsky Alexandre M. , Monaghan Joe J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMathematical modeling of ice sheets is complicated by the nonlinearity of the governing equations and boundary conditions. Standard grid-based methods require complex front-tracking techniques and have a limited capability to handle large material deformations and abrupt changes in bottom topography. Consequently, numerical methods are usually restricted to shallow ice-sheet and ice-shelf approximations. We propose a new smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model for coupled ice-sheet and ice-shelf dynamics. SPH, a fully Lagrangian particle method, is highly scalable and its Lagrangian nature and meshless discretization are well suited to the simulation of free surface flows, large material deformation and material fragmentation. In this paper, we use the SPH model to study ice-sheet/ice-shelf behavior, and the dynamics of the grounding line. The steady-state position of the grounding line obtained from SPH simulations is in good agreement with laboratory observations for a wide range of simulated bedrock slopes and density ratios, similar to those of ice and sea water. The numerical accuracy of the SPH algorithm is verified by simulating the plane-shear flow of two immiscible fluids and the propagation of a highly viscous blob of fluid along a horizontal surface. In the experiment, the ice was represented with a viscous Newtonian fluid. For consistency, in the described SPH model the ice is also modeled as a viscous Newtonian fluid. Typically, ice sheets are modeled as a non-Newtonian fluid, accounting for the changes in the mechanical properties of the ice. Implementation of a non-Newtonian rheology in the SPH model is the subject of our ongoing research.
The response of Petermann Glacier, Greenland, to large calving events, and its future stability in the context of atmospheric and oceanic warming
Authors: Nick F.M. , Luckman A. , Vieli A. , Van Der Veen C.J. , Van As D. , Van De Wal R.S.W. , Pattyn F. , Hubbard A.L. , Floricioiu D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis study assesses the impact of a large 2010 calving event on the current and future stability of Petermann Glacier, Greenland, and ascertains the glacier’s interaction with different components of the climate and ocean system. We use a numerical ice-flow model that captures the major aspects of the glacier’s mass budget, the resistive forces controlling glacier flow, and includes dynamic calving. Satellite observations and model results show that the recent break-off of 25% of the floating tongue did not result in a significant glacier speed-up due to the low lateral resistance of this relatively wide and thin ice tongue. We demonstrate that seasonal speed-up at Petermann Glacier is mainly driven by meltwater lubrication rather than freeze-up conditions in the fjord. Results also show that sub-shelf ocean melt may have a profound effect on the future stability of Petermann Glacier, emphasizing the urgent need for more observations, and a better understanding of fjord temperature variability and circulation.
Unconformable stratigraphy in East Antarctica: Part I. Large firn cosets, recrystallized growth, and model evidence for intensified accumulation
Authors: Arcone Steven A. , Jacobel Robert , Hamilton Gordon 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUnconformable firn stratigraphy exists throughout a 650 km long radar profile that we recorded down-flow of megadune fields in the Byrd Glacier (East Antarctica) catchment. Profile segments reveal cosets of prograding bedding sequences up to 90 m thick and with lateral, along-crest dimensions up to tens of kilometers. We profiled them in oblique section and nearly parallel to the prevailing wind. The prograding snow accumulates on broad, low windward slopes located above ice-bed depressions, which implies long-term slope stability. The apparent subglacial control implies that the accumulation progrades in balance with ice velocity, which we measured at ~30 ma”1. The sequences prograde over intensely modified and recrystallized wind-glaze firn, visible in the profiles as unstratified layers and zones up to several tens of meters thick. The intense recrystallization eliminates density stratification, and the altered layers appear to thicken into a connected network. Modeling of coset formation using wind and ice flow reproduces their dimensions and morphology. However, accumulation rates well above current regional estimates and existing data for megadunes are required because of the measured ice speed and required slope stability. The consistent unconformable strata along our traverse show that coset and recrystallized morphology extend far beyond the megadune fields.
Labor Unrest and Bangladesh Labor Act 2006: A Study on Ready Made Garment Factories in Gazipur
Authors: Kamal Mustafa , Billah Mohammed Masum , Hossain Sanida 
Published: February 2012

The Readymade garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh has become the backbone of the national economy. It is the highest foreign exchange earner, it employs largest number of people and it generates vibration for other sectors. Despite the impressive performance, the RMG industry has several problems especially in its labor management practices. As a result, a lot of turmoil and disputes often rock the industry. The empirical evidence implies that labor law of the country has not been put into practice appropriately in the RMG industry. Proper and satisfactory implementation of labor law can eradicate the disputes and stop the commotions in the industry. In this study an attempt has been made to find out the relation between implementation of Bangladesh Labor Act 2006 and labor unrest. Seven major factors have been considered which are closely related to labor unrest. The study reveals that employees’ wages and payment is the most significantly correlated factor to labor unrest.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbt.v5i2.9932 Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol. 5(2), July-December, 2010 1-18
Problems and Prospects of SMEs Loan Management: A Study on Mercantile Bank Limited, Khulna Branch
Authors: Akterujjaman SM 
Published: February 2012

SMEs all over the world have been playing a crucial role in promoting economic development as well as industrial production. SME financing has been identified as a major obstacle to SME growth. Unfortunately, the issue seems to be as unresolved as it always has been. Though the majority of the issues are with the SME themselves, the banks also have major issues in designing financial products for the SMEs. This study tries to find out the underlying problems from the bank’s perspective. The major findings are related to the high interest and loan duration rates, reasons for SMEs relatively informal way of doing business in contrast to bank’s formal procedures and prerequisites, bank’s relative inexperience in this field. They are also related to the bank’s lack of perspective, the viability and benefits of cluster unity, approach to informal loan takers and non-usage of modern technology and accounting procedures. The recommendations were provided based on the analysis and findings.Key words: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs); Financing; Loan; Technology; Cluster.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbt.v5i2.9934 Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol. 5(2), July-December, 2010 38-52
Maghrawa, antique Macota (Tunisie)
Authors: M'charek Ahmed 
Published: February 2012

Eclairé par d'autres sources littéraires ou épigraphiques, le contenu de cinq inscriptions néo-puniques découvertes au
siècle dernier paraît suffisant pour .·
1 - identifier le nom antique de Maghrawa .· M (a) k (o) d (a) dans un texte néo-punique et Macota dans les listes episcopales de la
Byzacène;
2- situer, hypothétiquement, dans la région de Maktar le territoire des Micatanes, tribu numide mentionnée par Diodore de
Sicile;
3 - évaluer, approximativement, la taille d'une agglomération secondaire de la Thusca au 1er siècle ap. J.-C. .· le centre urbain,
doté d'un « murus publicus » d'époque numide, était celui d'une civitas administrée par deux rabs éponymes;
4- entrevoir les liens privilégiés entre Macota et sa voisine Mactaris, chef-lieu du pagus Thuscae.
Pour une interprétation théologique du Tristan de Béroul
Authors: Ribard Jacques 
Published: February 2012

Parti d'une interrogation sur le sens à donner au philtre - interprété comme le substitut romanesque du « péché originel » - on examine d'abord, dans cet éclairage, ce que peuvent représenter, au plan allégorique, les protagonistes du roman : Tristan, Iseut et Marc.
Suit une réflexion sur les rapports qu'entretiennent les deux rois, Marc et Artur - réflexion menée à la faveur d'une comparaison entre les deux jugements mis en scène par Béroul et dont le second a tout d'un « Jugement dernier ».
On s'intéresse enfin à l'économie générale de l'œuvre en privilégiant les deux épisodes qui échappent à l'horizontalité du récit et lui donnent son sens ultime : l'épisode du Morrois et celui de l'escondit d'Iseut. On conclut à la légitimité d'une telle interprétation qui a le mérite de ne pas pécher par anachronisme.
L'Ordre de Fontevraud en Angleterre au XIIe s.
Authors: Chibnall Marjorie 
Published: February 2012

L'histoire des quatre prieurés anglais de l'abbaye de Fontevraud montre que les filiations spirituelles soulignèrent toujours et quelquefois précédèrent les conquêtes territoriales. Les aumônes de la famille des ducs de Normandie datent des premières années de l'alliance angevine, vers 1129 ; le premier des prieurés anglais fut fondé par le comte de Leicester, une vingtaine d'années plus tard, au moment du triomphe définitif du parti angevin en Angleterre. Au temps d'Henri II l'Ordre de Fontevraud s'encadrait dans la structure politique de l'Empire angevin.
Il est difficile de déterminer si la vie intérieure des communautés témoigne de la persistance d'une civilisation du monde Plantagenêt. Quelques livres des bibliothèques d'Amesbury et de Nuneaton prouvent que, un siècle après le temps de la reine Aliénor, la culture littéraire n'atteignait pas un niveau trop bas, mais de plus en plus proche de la culture laïque anglaise.
Y a-t-il eu une politique monastique des Plantagenêt ?
Authors: Gaussin Pierre-Roger 
Published: February 2012

The Angevin, Norman and Aquitaine predecessors of the Plantagenet had offered protection to certain monastic groups. They were however only half-heartedly Cluniac, favouring local foundations rather ; such as the old Benedictine houses of Marmoutier, Saint-Florent and Saint-Jouin-de-Marnes, or the new monachism of Le Bec, La Chaise-Dieu, Grandmont, La Sauve-Majeure, Cîteaux. Also the Carthusians had founded few houses only, probably as a result of competition from Grandmont, while this latter group could more properly be associated with Aquitaine in the same way as Fontevraud was Angevin.
The Plantagenet followed that tradition which gave preference first to Grandmont and Fontevraud, then to Cîteaux and to a lesser extent to Le Bec and La Chaise-Dieu. One might go on to suggest then that the decline of the houses of Grandmont and Fontevraud was in many ways linked to the break-up of the Angevin "Empire".
Les filles d'Aliénor d'Aquitaine : étude comparative
Authors: Labande Edmond René 
Published: February 2012

Two daughters were born of the union between Eleanor, duchess of Aquitaine and her first husband, Louis VII, King of France. Eight children, of which five sons and three daughters, were born of her second union with Henry Plantegenet, King of England and Duke of Normandy. The présent paper is an attempt to compare the lives and destinies of the five princesses : Mary, Countess of Champagne ; Aelis, Countess of Blois ; Matilda, Duchess of Saxony ; Eleanor, Queen of Castille ; Joan, Queen of Sicily and future Countess of Toulouse.
None of them lived as long as their mother, but it was the wife of Alphonso VIII who best recalled the old French queen, as much for her fecondity as her longevity. Mary of Champagne, like her mother, afforded protection to artists and poets. The tragic destiny of the youngest princess, however, evoques quite singularly the unsettled and often disconcerting life of Eleanor of Aquitaine.