bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A binarization approach to model interactions between categorical predictors in Generalized Linear Models
Authors: Carrizosa Emilio , Galvis Restrepo Marcela , Romero Morales Dolores 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, our goal is to enhance the interpretability of Generalized Linear Models by identifying the most relevant interactions between categorical predictors. Searching for interaction effects can quickly become a highly combinatorial, and thus computationally costly, problem when we have many categorical predictors or even a few of them but with many categories. Moreover, the estimation of coefficients requires large training samples with enough observations for each interaction between categories. To address these bottlenecks, we propose to find a reduced representation for each categorical predictor as a binary predictor, where categories are clustered based on a dissimilarity. We provide a collection of binarized representations for each categorical predictor, where the dissimilarity takes into account information from the main effects and the interactions. The choice of the binarized predictors representing the categorical predictors is made with a novel heuristic procedure that is guided by the accuracy of the so-called binarized model. We test our methodology on both real-world and simulated data, illustrating that, without damaging the out-of-sample accuracy, our approach trains sparse models including only the most relevant interactions between categorical predictors.
Hybrid metaheuristics for selective inference task offloading under time and energy constraints for real-time IoT sensing systems
Authors: Ben Sada Abdelkarim , Khelloufi Amar , Naouri Abdenacer , Ning Huansheng , Dhelim Sahraoui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe recent widespread of AI-powered real-time applications necessitates the use of edge computing for inference task offloading. Power constrained edge devices are required to balance between processing inference tasks locally or offload to edge servers. This decision is determined according to the time constraint demanded by the real-time nature of applications, and the energy constraint dictated by the device’s power budget. This problem is further exacerbated in the case of systems leveraging multiple local inference models varying in size and accuracy. In this work, we tackle the problem of assigning inference models to inference tasks either using local inference models or by offloading to edge servers under time and energy constraints while maximizing the overall accuracy of the system. This problem is shown to be strongly NP-hard and therefore, we propose a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGSTO) to solve this problem. We leverage the speed of simulated annealing (SA) with the accuracy of genetic algorithms (GA) to develop a hybrid, fast and accurate algorithm compared with classic GA, SA and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Experiment results show that HGSTO achieved on-par or higher accuracy than GA while resulting in significantly lower scheduling times compared to other schemes.
Educators’ opinions about VR/AR/XR: An exploratory study
Authors: Schwaiger Michael , Krajnčan Mitja , Vukovič Matej , Jenko Matija , Doz Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough many studies have investigated the possible use of virtual reality (VR), extended reality (XR), and augmented reality (AR), there is a lack of research that specifically focuses on educators’ opinions and awareness about the usage of these technologies in educational settings. Therefore, the present research aimed to investigate educators’ opinions about XR, VR, and AR technologies in education, exploring their awareness, experiences, and interest in these technologies. Findings revealed limited knowledge about VR/AR/XR technologies among educators. The awareness did not vary based on teaching experience or professional training duration. While the majority of educators expressed curiosity about VR/AR/XR technologies, most had not used them in their teaching practice. The research identified that more experienced educators and those with longer professional training had tried these technologies more often.
The split ladder of policy problems, participation, and politicization: constitutional water change in Ecuador and Chile
Authors: Hurlbert Margot , Gupta Joyeeta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere is debate about whether complex problems should be addressed technocratically or whether they should be politicized. While many tend to favour technocratic decision-making and evidence based policy, for others politicization of policy problems is fundamental for significant policy change. But politicization does not always lead to problem solving. Nor is it always necessary. This paper addresses the question: Under what circumstances should problems be politicized, and what is the effect of such politicization? It adds politicization, through windows of opportunity, to the split ladder of participation to assess policy change through two case studies: successful and unsuccessful constitutional change in Ecuador (2008) and Chile respectively (2022). It argues that where there is no agreement on either science or policy, politicization is required to address lack of consensus in values, but constitutional protection is needed to protect minorities and the vulnerable, their access and human right to water. De-politicization stymies policy change potentially harming democracy. This paper argues for a citizen engaged exploration of the complex problem of climate change and its impacts on water, but a targeted politicization coincident with, but developed well in advance of, windows of opportunity. Moreover, policy framing correlated with complex problems continues to be a key consideration. Furthermore, alliances of disparate actors, elections of new political leaders and considerations of property rights and justice issues are paramount. Significant constitutional policy change reflects social learning, but subsequent court actions by policy entrepreneurs is required to effectively implement this change. Framing constitutional change to protect rights to water and effect international agreements (including the Warsaw International Mechanism under the climate change regime) advances water justice and may increase success.
Linearized Boltzmann collision operator for a mixture of monatomic and polyatomic chemically reacting species
Authors: Bernhoff Niclas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAt higher altitudes near space shuttles moving at hypersonic speed the air is excited to high temperatures. Then not only mechanical collisions are affecting the gas flow, but also chemical reactions have an impact on such hypersonic flows. In this work we insert chemical reactions, in form of dissociations and associations, in a model for a mixture of mono- and polyatomic (non-reacting) species. More general chemical reactions, e.g., bimolecular ones, can be obtained by instant combinations of the considered reactions. Polyatomicity is here modelled by a continuous internal energy variable and the evolution of the gas is described by a Boltzmann equation. In the Chapman-Enskog process—and related half-space problems—the linearized Boltzmann collision operator plays a central role. Here we extend some important properties of the linearized operator to the considered model with chemical reactions. A compactness result, that the linearized operator can be decomposed into a sum of a positive multiplication operator—the collision frequency—and a compact integral operator, is obtained. The terms of the integral operator are shown to be (at least) uniform limits of Hilbert-Schmidt integral operators and, thereby, compact operators. Self-adjointness of the linearized operator follows as a direct consequence. Also, bounds on—including coercivity of—the collision frequency is obtained for hard sphere, as well as hard potentials with cutoff, like models. As consequence, Fredholmness as well as the domain of the linearized operator are obtained.
REFUEL: rule extraction for imbalanced neural node classification
Authors: Markwald Marco , Demidova Elena 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImbalanced graph node classification is a highly relevant and challenging problem in many real-world applications. The inherent data scarcity, a central characteristic of this task, substantially limits the performance of neural classification models driven solely by data. Given the limited instances of relevant nodes and complex graph structures, current methods fail to capture the distinct characteristics of node attributes and graph patterns within the underrepresented classes. In this article, we propose REFUEL—a novel approach for highly imbalanced node classification problems in graphs. Whereas symbolic and neural methods have complementary strengths and weaknesses when applied to such problems, REFUEL combines the power of symbolic and neural learning in a novel neural rule-extraction architecture. REFUEL captures the class semantics in the automatically extracted rule vectors. Then, REFUEL augments the graph nodes with the extracted rules vectors and adopts a Graph Attention Network-based neural node embedding, enhancing the downstream neural node representation. Our evaluation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed REFUEL approach for three real-world datasets with different minority class sizes. REFUEL achieves at least a 4% point improvement in precision on the minority classes of 1.5–2% compared to the baselines.
Exploratory habitation vehicles with trim intrinsic control
Authors: Manuello Andrea , Manuello Amedeo , Marano Giuseppe Carlo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConsidering the space environment and its critical issues and consequent risks, the challenge is to define the way and tools with which future astronauts will be able to act, live and work in space and, in particular on the Moon and Mars, exploiting, at the state of art, knowledge of innovative science, engineering and technology. On the Moon and Mars, the most obvious environmental factors are extreme temperature fluctuations, low gravity and the virtual absence of atmosphere and magnetosphere. The health of a human body can be damaged by reduced values of gravity. Due to the reduced gravity on the Moon and Mars, human bones and muscles are unloaded and begin to weaken. It increases the risk of bone fractures and atrophied muscles for astronauts returning to Earth from prolonged missions. The magnetosphere and atmosphere on Earth shield from much of the dangerous solar and cosmic radiation. Radiation with extremely high energies can damage even living tissue. The surface of the Moon and Mars has been crushed by millions of impacts of celestial bodies such as asteroids, leaving a layer of regolith that could be very deep depending on the areas of the planets. The habitation module, described in this paper, is carried by a vehicle equipped with two pairs of compass shaped legs that act as supports for the habitation module capable of maintaining a certain controlled height with respect to the ground as well as a horizontal attitude, during the movement of the compass. A system of ropes wound on pulleys allows to control the height of the habitat with respect to the ground, control the structure in movement, descent and ascent. The habitat can also be lowered to the ground. The geometry of the shape of the pulleys, around which the ropes are wound, is determined in such a way that the habitation module remains at a certain height during the movement defined by the two compass-shaped advancement supports. The paper describes and analyzes the movement of the pulleys during the entire phase of the movement of the habitation module and their geometric shape is discussed.
Development of wearable device and synchronized Mobile application to monitor vital signs in real time
Authors: Turanli Mert , Ilhan Ilhan , Yavsan Emrehan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSilent hypoxia is a complication that can lead to severe respiratory disorders at a time when people feel well, especially in Covid-19, and lung destruction if not intervened early. In this paper, a wearable device and a mobile application synchronized with the device were developed to measure people’s vitals and reduce the risk of silent hypoxia. The device consists of 2 parts: a wristband and a finger-clip, and includes a micro-controller, a bluetooth module, a Li-Po battery and various sensors to measure body temperature, pulse and SpO2 values. It can measure body temperature, pulse and SpO2 instantly or at certain programmable intervals like a holter device through the mobile app. These measured values can be recorded and various analyzes can be performed on them. Also the measurement results can be sent via an e-mail. When the vitals reach or exceed the predefined risk levels, a notification can be generated. The proposed device was evaluated in various performance tests and compared to a commercial pulse oximeter as well as alternatives in the literature. It was tested for connectivity and transmission, battery endurance and field testing. In the comparison test, error values of 1.8%, 3.5% and 0.6% were achieved in SpO2, pulse and temperature measurements, respectively. The device is both a measurement and holter instrument for body temperature, pulse and SpO2 values. With this feature, it can be actively used by both patients and their relatives in hospital or home environment.
Clusters of resilience and vulnerability: executive functioning, coping and mental distress in patients with diffuse low-grade glioma
Authors: Gelmers Floor , Timmerman Marieke E. , Siebenga Femke F. , van der Weide Hiska L. , Rakers Sandra E. , Kramer Miranda C. A. , van der Hoorn Anouk , Enting Roelien H. , Bosma Ingeborg , Groen Rob J. M. , Jeltema Hanne-Rinck , Wagemakers Michiel , Spikman Jacoba M. , Buunk Anne M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Diffuse low-grade gliomas (dLGG) often have a frontal location, which may negatively affect patients’ executive functions (EF). Being diagnosed with dLGG and having to undergo intensive treatment can be emotionally stressful. The ability to cope with this stress in an adaptive, active and flexible way may be hampered by impaired EF. Consequently, patients may suffer from increased mental distress. The aim of the present study was to explore profiles of EF, coping and mental distress and identify characteristics of each profile.

Methods
151 patients with dLGG were included. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to explore profiles. Additional demographical, tumor and radiological characteristics were included.

Results
Four clusters were found: 1) overall good functioning (25% of patients); 2) poor executive functioning, good psychosocial functioning (32%); 3) good executive functioning, poor psychosocial functioning (18%) and; 4) overall poor functioning (25%). Characteristics of the different clusters were lower educational level and more (micro)vascular brain damage (cluster 2), a younger age (cluster 3), and a larger tumor volume (cluster 4). EF was not a distinctive factor for coping, nor was it for mental distress. Maladaptive coping, however, did distinguish clusters with higher mental distress (cluster 3 and 4) from clusters with lower levels of mental distress (cluster 1 and 2).

Conclusion
Four distinctive clusters with different levels of functioning and characteristics were identified. EF impairments did not hinder the use of active coping strategies. Moreover, maladaptive coping, but not EF impairment, was related to increased mental distress in patients with dLGG.
Design and analysis of high performance 1×N optical wavelength demultiplexers based on MIM waveguide with polygon resonators
Authors: Korkmaz Semih 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConfinement of the light at the subwavelength scale makes photonic devices more efficient in applications such as optical filtering, switching, and sensing with their low dimensions. Metal-insulator- metal waveguide-based configurations present many paths for manipulating light at the wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum. For that purpose, in this study, a wavelength demultiplexer (WDM) based on a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide is numerically investigated by finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Proposed WDMs have cascade polygon resonators. After optimizing the fundamental filter, this structure is formed as 1×N demultiplexers. The proposed demultiplexers have two- and three channels. The minimum full width at half-maximum (FWHM) value for these channels is 20.02 nm and the maximum quality factor value is 47.7 at 954.9 nm wavelength. The minimum crosstalk value is obtained as -30.37 dB for this study. The proposed 1×N demultiplexers have potential tools to design low-cost integrated optical circuits for specific wavelengths.
Gender-Typical Appearance in Early Childhood: Role of Parental Gender-Typical Appearance and Children’s Gender Similarity
Authors: Endendijk Joyce J. , Antoniucci Chiara , Chadwick-Brown Faye , Halim May Ling D. , Portengen Christel M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe emergence of gender-typical appearance in childhood appears to have important implications not only for child and adolescent social-emotional functioning but also for later working life. In the current study, we examined how parents’ gender-typical appearance and children’s gender similarity (to same- and other-gender peers) were related to young children’s gender-typical appearance. We also explored differences in these associations between boys, girls, mothers, and fathers. Home visits were conducted with 74 Dutch two-parent (mother, father) families with both a son and daughter between the ages 3–6 years (96.6% White, 2.0% Asian, 1.4% other ethnicity). The gender-typical appearance of all four family members was assessed by trained and reliable coders in the videotaped observations from the home visits. As a measure of children’s gender similarity, both parents reported on the similarity of their son and daughter to same-gender and other-gender peers. Generalized estimating equations showed that more gender-typical appearance of parents was associated with more gender-typical appearance of girls, but not of boys. No differences were found between mothers and fathers for the association between parent and child appearance. Moreover, children’s gender similarity, evident in parents’ perceived similarity of their child to peers of the same gender and dissimilarity to peers of the other gender, was associated with more gender-typical appearance in children. To conclude, both children’s gender similarity and parents’ gender-typical appearance appear to play a role in the gender-typical appearance of young children.
A Geomagnetic Estimate of Heliospheric Modulation Potential over the Last 175 Years
Authors: Owens Mathew J. , Barnard Luke A. , Muscheler Raimund , Herbst Konstantin , Lockwood Mike , Usoskin Ilya , Asvestari Eleanna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGalactic cosmic rays (GCRs) interact with the Earth’s atmosphere to produce energetic neutrons and cosmogenic radionuclides, such as 14C. The atmosphere is partially shielded from the interstellar GCR spectrum by both the geomagnetic and solar magnetic fields. Solar shielding is often expressed as the heliospheric modulation potential $\phi $
ϕ
, which consolidates information about the strength and structure of the solar magnetic field into a single parameter. For the period 1951 to today, $\phi $
ϕ
can be estimated from ground-based neutron monitor data. Prior to 1950, 14C in tree rings can be used to estimate $\phi $
ϕ
and hence the solar magnetic field, back centuries or millennia. Bridging the gap in the $\phi $
ϕ
record is therefore of vital importance for long-term solar reconstructions. One method is to model $\phi $
ϕ
using the sunspot number (SN) record. However, the SN record is only an indirect measure of the Sun’s magnetic field, introducing uncertainty, and the record suffers from calibration issues. Here we present a new reconstruction of $\phi $
ϕ
based on geomagnetic data, which spans both the entire duration of the neutron monitor record and stretches back to 1845, providing a significant overlap with the 14C data. We first modify and test the existing model of $\phi $
ϕ
based on a number of heliospheric parameters, namely the open solar flux $F_{S}$

F
S

, the heliospheric current sheet tilt angle $\alpha $
α
, and the global heliospheric magnetic polarity $p$
p
. This modified model is applied to recently updated geomagnetic estimates of $F_{S}$

F
S

and cyclic variations of $\alpha $
α
and $p$
p
. This approach is shown to produce an annual estimate of $\phi $
ϕ
in excellent agreement with that obtained from neutron monitors over 1951 – 2023. It also suggests that ionisation chamber estimates of $\phi $
ϕ
– which have previously been used to extend the instrumental estimate back from 1951 to 1933 – are not well calibrated. Comparison of the new geomagnetic $\phi $
ϕ
with 14C estimates of $\phi $
ϕ
suggests that the long-term trend is overestimated in the most recent 14C data, possibly due to hemispheric differences in the Suess effect, related to the release of carbon by the burning of fossil fuels. We suggest that the new geomagnetic estimate of $\phi $
ϕ
will provide an improved basis for future calibration of long-term solar activity reconstructions.
Actions, reasons, and becauses
Authors: Cox Ryan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHow are sentences that express reason explanations related to sentences that express rationalizing psychological explanations? How are sentences like ‘Jane is going to the pub because John is there’ related to sentences like ‘Jane is going to the pub because she knows that John is there’? Are the former merely elliptical, in some sense, for the latter? Are the former used to express nothing more and nothing less than the latter are used to express? If so, then what explains this? Are the sentences syntactically ambiguous, context-dependent, lexically ambiguous, or is there some merely pragmatic explanation available? This paper examines various linguistic hypotheses which would support the “ellipsis hypothesis” and argues that they all fail to support the hypothesis. It then argues that this has deeper implications for first-order action theory than one might think, as the failure of these hypotheses lends support to an alternative first-order action theory I call analytic anti-psychologism.