bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1H MRS in the rat brain under pentobarbital anesthesia: Accurate quantification of in vivo spectra in the presence of propylene glycol
Authors: Iltis Isabelle , Marjańska Małgorzata , Du Fei , Koski Dee M. , Zhu Xiao‐Hong , Uǧurbil Kâmil , Chen Wei , Henry Pierre‐Gilles 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCommercial solutions for pentobarbital anesthesia typically contain water, ethanol, and propylene glycol (PG). The last two are characterized by resonances that can affect the determination of metabolite concentrations from 1H spectra. The purpose of the present study was to measure the concentration of metabolites in the rat brain in vivo under pentobarbital anesthesia using 1H MRS. Resonances of PG, but not ethanol, were observed in the rat brain. Chemical shifts and J‐coupling constants for PG were measured at 37°C and pH 7.1 and used for spectral simulation. Inclusion of the simulated PG spectrum in the basis set for LCModel analysis enabled accurate fitting of in vivo spectra. This work demonstrates that concentration of brain metabolites can be reliably measured using 1H spectroscopy under pentobarbital anesthesia. The chemical shifts and J‐coupling values reported here can be used to simulate the spectrum of PG at any field strength, with various pulse sequences. Magn Reson Med, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tolterodine causes measurable restoration of urethral sensation in women with urge urinary incontinence
Authors: Kenton Kimberly , Lowenstein Lior , Brubaker Linda 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIntroduction & HypothesisDetermine if treatment of urge incontinence with tolterodine results in changes in bladder and/or urethral sensation using Current Perception Threshold (CPT) testing.MethodsWomen with ≥1 incontinence episode on 7‐day diary were treated with 4 mg of long‐acting tolterodine for 2‐months. At baseline and 2‐months, participants had CPT testing of the urethral and bladder at 3 frequencies 2000, 250, and 5 Hz. Baseline and post‐treatment measures were compared using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.ResultsSeventeen women underwent baseline CPT testing. Four discontinued medication due to side effects and did not have repeated testing. Urethral CPT at 250 Hz was lower after treatment (median 1.3 [Interquartile range .69‐‐2.1] and .75 [.45‐‐1.2], p = .003) and at 5 Hz trended toward a significant decrease (1.1 [1‐‐1.9] and .84 [.32‐‐1.1], p = .06).ConclusionsUrethral sensitivity improves after 2‐months of tolterodine, suggesting it may restore urethral sensory nerves in addition to known motor effects. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:555–557, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current Awareness in NMR in Biomedicine
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of NMR in biomedicine. Each bibliography is divided into 11 sections: 1 Books, Reviews ' Symposia; 2 General; 3 Technology; 4 Contrast Agents; 5 Brain and Nerves; 6 Neuropathology; 7 Cancer; 8 Cardiac, Vascular and Respiratory Systems; 9 Liver, Kidney and Other Organs; 10 Muscle and Orthopaedic; 11 Plants, Micro‐organisms and Parasites; 12 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted.
How to avoid packet droppers with proactive routing protocols for ad hoc networks
Authors: Gawȩdzki Ignacy , Al Agha Khaldoun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRouting protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have been an active area of research for the last decade, with many very interesting potential as well as actual applications, in the military, rescue and commercial fields. Currently emerging standard routing protocols for MANETs do not perform well in the presence of nodes that intentionally drop data traffic but otherwise behave correctly with respect to control messages. In this paper, we address the problem of coping with the presence of such nodes in networks that use a proactive routing protocol. The solution, based on the principle of flow conservation, is purely protocolar and does not rely on any specific underlying OSI layer 1 or 2 technology. In addition, it is well suited for integration into existing proactive routing protocols for ad hoc networks, since it can use existing control messages and does not require any synchronization between the nodes. The method, once implemented in an actual routing protocol, proves to increase the ratio of successfully delivered data packets significantly. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matching problems with generalized upper bound side constraints
Authors: Ball Michael O. , Derigs Ulrich , Hilbrand C. , Metz Achim 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article, we develop and compare procedures for the approximate solution of weighted nonbipartite matching problems with generalized upper bound side constraints. The approaches we consider are all based on Lagrangean relaxation and dual ascent. We also use a knapsack‐based procedure for finding improved feasible solutions and a “k‐best” solution enumeration procedure to guarantee optimality. Our computational experiments addressed two issues: the choice of the best combination of a matching code and postoptimality routine and the choice of a dual ascent rule. Our recommended combination of procedures consistently produced solutions with a very small deviation from optimality without having to resort to the enumeration procedure.
Approximation and numerical realization of 3D contact problems with Coulomb friction and a solution‐dependent coefficient of friction
Authors: Ligurský T. , Haslinger J. , Kučera R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper analyzes 3D discrete contact problems with Coulomb friction and a coefficient of friction ℱ depending on the solution. The formulation of this problem is based on a fixed‐point approach. Existence of at least one discrete solution is guaranteed for any continuous, non‐negative and bounded function ℱ. The uniqueness result is established for ℱ small enough and Lipschitz continuous with a sufficiently small modulus of Lipschitz continuity. Results of several numerical experiments are shown. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of UV‐curable phosphorus containing hybrid materials prepared by sol–gel technique
Authors: Karataş Sevim , Kayaman‐Apohan Nilhan , Turunç Oğuz , Güngör Atilla 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, a series of ultraviolet (UV)‐curable organic–inorganic hybrid coating materials containing phosphorus were prepared by sol–gel approach from acrylate end‐capped urethane resin, acrylated phenyl phosphine oxide oligomer (APPO), and inorganic precursors. TEOS and MAPTMS were used to obtain the silica network and Ti:acac complex was employed for the formation of the titania network in the hybrid coating systems. Coating performance of the hybrid coating materials applied on aluminum substrates was determined by the analysis techniques, such as hardness, gloss, impact strength, cross‐cut adhesion, taber abrasion resistance, which were accepted by international organization. Also, stress–strain test of the hybrids was carried out on the free films. These measurements showed that all the properties of the hybrids were enhanced effectively by gradual increase in sol–gel precursors and APPO oligomer content. The thermal behavior of the hybrid coatings was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis. The flame retardancy of the hybrid materials was examined by the limiting oxygen index (LOI); the LOI values of pure organic coating (BF) increased from 31 to 44 for the hybrid materials containing phosphorus (BF‐P:40/Si:10). The data from thermal analysis and LOI showed that the hybrid coating materials containing phosphorus have higher thermal stability and flame resistance properties than the organic polymer. Besides that, it was found that the double bond conversion values for the hybrid mixtures were adequate in order to form an organic matrix. The polycondensation reactions of TEOS and MAPTMS compounds were also investigated by 29Si‐NMR spectroscopy. SEM studies of the hybrid coatings showed that silica/titania particles were homogenously dispersed through the organic matrix. In addition, it was determined that the hybrid material containing phosphorus and silica showed fibrillar structure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amphiphilic polymeric Michler's ketone (MK) photoinitiators (APMKs) containing PEO chain and coinitiator amine
Authors: Wen Yanna , Jiang Xuesong , Liu Rui , Yin Jie 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA series of amphiphilic polymeric Michler's ketone (MK) photoinitiators (APMKs) were synthesized by incorporating PEO short chain, MK moiety, and coinitiator amine into the same polymeric chain. APMKs possess good amphiphilic ability and become water‐soluble when the molar ratio of MK(pipaz)2/PEO/piperazine is 2:3:1. UV–Vis measurement shows that APMKs possess the same characteristic absorption to MK derivatives. The photopolymerization of three monomers with different functionality and hydrophilicity, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), phenoxy ethyl acrylate (AMP‐10G), and 2,2‐bis[4‐(acryloxypolyethoxy)phenyl]propane (A‐BPE‐10) initiated by APMKs was investigated by photodifferential scanning (photo‐DSC). The results show that APMKs can photoinitiate the polymerization of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers efficiently. As for photopolymerization of water‐soluble PEGDA, the final conversion is higher than 94%. Therefore, APMKs will be expected to find potential in many fields. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversible film formation from PS doped PNIPAM particles in various compositions
Authors: Uǧur Ş. , Yargi Ö. , Pekcan Ö. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFilm formation from polystyrene (PS) doped poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) particles was studied using photon transmission technique. The transmitted light intensity, Itr, was monitored during film formation process. Films were prepared by mixing PS and PNIPAM particles in various compositions ranging from 5 to 50 %. Samples were separately heated and cooled in constant rate at temperatures ranging from 10 to 100°C. The increase and decrease in Itr during heating–cooling cycles were explained by void closure and void reconstruction processes. The corresponding activation energies were measured during the reversible film formation process. Percolation model was used to interpret the distribution of PS particles in PNIPAM lattice. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
pH‐sensitive Podophyllotoxin carrier for cancer cells specific delivery
Authors: Fan Li , Wu Hong , Zhang Hui , Li Fei , Yang Tie‐hong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA pH‐sensitive drug targeting system for solid tumors was established based on N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and chitosan conjugates. The mass ratio of NIPAAm and chitosan was adjusted to obtain super pH‐sensitive characteristic and the structure was studied by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscope to confirm the successful synthesis of the nanoparticles. The pH‐sensitive and drug release characteristics in vitro were studied as well. Human lung cancer cells A‐549 and human fibroblast were used to test the biocompatibility of blank and Podophyllotoxin (POD) loaded nanoparticles further to certificate the reliability of targeting acidic tumor extracellular pH. Results revealed that when charge ratio between NIPAAm and CS achieve 4:1(w/w), the drug‐loaded nanoparticles, which diameters ranged from 50 to 150 nm, exhibited super pH‐sensitive responses to tumor pH. Encapsulation and loading efficiencies were 63.7% and 2.4%, respectively. The cumulative release rate of POD, which significantly enhanced at pH 6.8 while decreased rapidly either below pH 6.5 or above pH 6.9 at 37°C. At pH 6.8, POD‐loaded nanoparticles showed cytotoxicity in MTT test and fluorescence microscopic study, comparable to that of free POD at the same POD concentrations, whereas at pH 7.4 there was little cytotoxicity at the tested concentration range. Thereby, the atoxic PNIPAAm‐g‐chitosan nanoparticle has the potentiality as a novel anticancer drugs carrier. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Temperature dependence of oxygen diffusion into clay‐doped PS films
Authors: Uğur Şaziye , Yargı Önder , Pekcan Önder 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFluorescence technique was employed for the measurement of the diffusion coefficient of oxygen into polystyrene (PS) latex/modified Na‐activated bentonite (MNaLB) clay composite films. Three different MNaLB content (0, 5, and 20 wt%) composite films were prepared from PS/MNaLB mixtures by annealing them at 200°C, above the glass transition temperature of PS for 10 min. To determine the diffusivity of oxygen in PS/MNaLB composite films, diffusion measurements were performed over the temperature range from 25 to 70°C. Pyrene (P) was used as the fluorescent agent. The diffusion coefficients (D) of oxygen were determined by combining the fluorescence quenching method with Fickian transport model, and were found as a function of temperature for each MNaLB content film. The results showed that D values are strongly dependent on both temperature and clay content in composite film. It was also observed that D coefficients obey Arrhenius behavior, from where diffusion activation energies were measured. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Examination of alkaloidal constituents of zanthoxylum usambarense by a combination of ion‐pair extraction and ion‐pair chromatography using sodium perchlorate
Authors: Kato Atsushi , Moriyasu Masataka , Ichimaru Momoyo , Nishiyama Yumi , Juma Francis D. , Nganga Joseph N. , Mathenge Simon G. , Ogeto John O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractQuaternary alkaloids of the stem of Zanthoxylum usambarense, an important medicinal plant in Kenya utilized for the treatment of pneumonia and rheumatism, were examined by a combination of ion‐pair extraction and preparative ion‐pair high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in which sodium perchlorate was used as an ion‐pair reagent. Quaternary bases were extractable from aqueous solution into 1,2‐dichloroethane in the presence of perchlorate in acidic conditions. The phenomenon is explained in terms of ion‐pair extraction between alkaloidal cation and perchlorate anion. The quaternary alkaloidal fraction thus obtained was well separated by means of ion‐pair HPLC in which sodium perchlorate was also utilized. Furthermore, the solvent system was easily applied to preparative HPLC, yielding the pure perchlorate of each alkaloid. Eight quaternary bases in Z. usambarense were thus obtained and their structures were elucidated. One of them was a new quaternary base of the tetrahydroprotoberberine type, which was named (‐)‐usambarine.
Trace analysis of harman alkaloids in passiflora incarnata by reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Rehwald Anne , Sticher Otto , Meier B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeventeen different samples of Passiflora incarnata were screened for harman alkaloids by a reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. Only one sample yielded a possible harman content of approximately 0.1 ppm which was just above the level of detection limit. The method comprises extraction of the plant material, purification and concentration of the alkaloid fraction by combined solid‐phase extractions on Extrelut and cation‐exchange cartridges, and subsequent HPLC analysis using diode‐array and fluorescence detection. The method was found to be sensitive and selective and revealed good recovery. The efficiency of the method was demonstrated with Peganum harmala seeds.
An audit of a comprehensive screening programme for diabetes in pregnancy
Authors: Gregory R , Swinn RA , Wareham N , Curling V , Dalton KJ , Edwards OM , O'Rahilly S 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUniversal screening of gestational diabetes (GDM) has been advocated but is seldom practised in the United Kingdom. We report 12 months' audit of a comprehensive screening programme for women attending a teaching hospital for antenatal care. The population served is almost exclusively Caucasian. Of 4,016 women who booked in for delivery at the hospital, 3,316 (83%) completed the screening protocol. Sixty‐seven women (1.7%) were found to have gestational diabetes after a 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) by WHO criteria. Of these, 43 were identified by following the screening protocol (one at booking following a random venous plasma glucose result of >7.0mmol/L, 42 after a third trimester 50 gram glucose challenge) and 24 as a result of OGTTs performed on clinical grounds. Clinical suspicion was usually raised by the identification of clinical risk factors for diabetes. Seventy OGTTs were requested despite a normal third trimester 50 gram challenge result and generated eight abnormal results, although these were at a later gestation than those generated by abnormal 50 gram results. Fifty two women (78%) were referred to the combined diabetes‐antenatal clinic. Only eight women (12%) received insulin. Thirty five women (52%) returned for postnatal OGTT, of which four were abnormal. We have confirmed the low prevalence of GDM in a predominantly Caucasian population and would question the value of first trimester screening in such a population. The screening protocol is only valuable if abnormal results are acted upon and, while there is disagreement among clinicians regarding the value of treating GDM, not all women with abnormal results receive dietary advice.
Tea cup burn in a diabetic with an asymptomatic peripheral neuropathy affecting the hands
Authors: Kumar S , Jowett NI 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA patient with Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM) sustained a partial thickness bum to her hand from a hot tea cup. She was not aware of the injury by virtue of her hitherto unrecognised asymptomatic upper limb sensory neuropathy, or even that damage could be sustained so simply from an everyday activity. Patients with diabetes may need to select their tea cups more carefully, and those caring for patients with diabetes should recognise and educate on sensory impairment in the hands as well as the feet.
Effects of core‐shell acrylate particles on impact properties of chlorinated polyethylene/polyvinyl chloride blends
Authors: Yu Jianying , Feng Pengcheng , Zhang Henglong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe impact properties of core‐shell acrylate (CS‐ACR)/chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)/poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends under different temperatures were investigated. The fracture surface morphologies of the blends were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that there exists significant synergistic effect between CS‐ACR particles and CPE in toughening PVC, and the impact properties of the blends generally correlate well with SEM morphologies. Besides, with increasing CS‐ACR content, ductile–brittle transition point of the ternary blends remarkably shifts to a lower temperature. Dynamic mechanical analysis exhibited that intensity and area of low‐temperature tan δ peaks of the CPE/PVC blends increase obviously after the addition of CS‐ACR particles, which to some extent are just in line with the changes in impact strength and ductile–brittle transition point of the blends. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) grafting on aluminium to actively switch its surface drag in water
Authors: Hyakutake Tsuyoshi , Navrotskiy Alexander V , Morita Katsuaki , Kato Junji , Sakaue Hirotaka , Novakov Ivan A , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractActive control of flow over object surfaces achieved by means of mechanical and/or electrical methods has recently been studied. However, there has been no report on actively switching the surface drag of an object by chemical modification of the object's surface. Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) was grafted onto the surface of an aluminium (Al) substrate via (A) surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and (B) radical polymerization with an azo‐group surface initiator. The grafting density was 0.19 and 0.15 chains nm−2, respectively. The water contact angle of the PNIPA‐grafted Al surface reversibly changed between 55° and 82° for (A) and between 42° and 65° for (B) at temperatures of 25 and 40 °C, which was ascribed to the temperature‐responsive, hydrophilic–hydrophobic switching of the grafted PNIPA surface. The PNIPA grafting was applied on the surface of an ogive‐shaped Al model. The normalized dropping speed of the model in water increased 1.1 times at 42 °C in comparison to that at 22 °C. Switching of the surface drag of PNIPA‐grafted Al in water was demonstrated on the basis of the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the grafted Al surface, the switching occurring with a change in temperature. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
In situ sol–gel route to novel sulfonated polyimideSiO2 hybrid proton‐exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Liu Dan , Geng Lei , Fu Yuqin , Dai Xin , Qi Bin , Lü Changli 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolyimides (PIs) as high‐performance organic matrices are used in the preparation of PI composites because of their excellent mechanical, thermal and dielectric properties. The sol–gel method is a promising technique for preparing these PI composites due to the mild reaction conditions and the process being controllable. Although sulfonated polyimide (SPI) proton‐exchange membranes have attracted much attention recently, studies on preparing SPI‐based hybrid proton‐exchange membranes for fuel cells have been rare. A series of SPISiO2 hybrid proton‐exchange membranes were prepared from amino‐terminated SPI pre‐polymers, 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH‐560) and tetraethylorthosilicate through a co‐hydrolysis and condensation process using an in situ sol–gel method. The reactive silane KH‐560 was used to react with amino‐terminated SPI to form silane‐capped SPI in order to improve the compatibility between the polymer matrix and the inorganic SiO2 phase. The microstructure and mechanical, thermal and proton conduction properties were studied in detail. The hybrid membranes were highly uniform without phase separation up to 30 wt% SiO2. The storage modulus and tensile strength of the hybrid membranes increased with increasing SiO2 content. The introduction of SiO2 improved the methanol resistance while retaining good proton conductivity. The hybrid membrane with 30 wt% SiO2 exhibited a proton conductivity of 10.57 mS cm−1 at 80 °C and methanol permeability of 2.3 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 possibly because the crosslinking structure and SiO2 phases formed in the hybrids could retain water and were helpful to proton transport. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry