bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing the sensitivity of reverse phase protein arrays by antibody-mediated signal amplification
Authors: Brase Jan C , Mannsperger Heiko , Fröhlich Holger , Gade Stephan , Schmidt Christian , Wiemann Stefan , Beissbarth Tim , Schlomm Thorsten , Sültmann Holger , Korf Ulrike 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) emerged as a useful experimental platform to analyze biological samples in a high-throughput format. Different signal detection methods have been described to generate a quantitative readout on RPPA including the use of fluorescently labeled antibodies. Increasing the sensitivity of RPPA approaches is important since many signaling proteins or posttranslational modifications are present at a low level.

Results
A new antibody-mediated signal amplification (AMSA) strategy relying on sequential incubation steps with fluorescently-labeled secondary antibodies reactive against each other is introduced here. The signal quantification is performed in the near-infrared range. The RPPA-based analysis of 14 endogenous proteins in seven different cell lines demonstrated a strong correlation (r = 0.89) between AMSA and standard NIR detection. Probing serial dilutions of human cancer cell lines with different primary antibodies demonstrated that the new amplification approach improved the limit of detection especially for low abundant target proteins.

Conclusions
Antibody-mediated signal amplification is a convenient and cost-effective approach for the robust and specific quantification of low abundant proteins on RPPAs. Contrasting other amplification approaches it allows target protein detection over a large linear range.
Effect of estrogens on boar sperm capacitation in vitro
Authors: Ded Lukas , Dostalova Pavla , Dorosh Andriy , Dvorakova-Hortova Katerina , Peknicova Jana 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Mammalian sperm must undergo a series of controlled molecular processes in the female reproductive tract called capacitation before they are capable of penetrating and fertilizing the egg. Capacitation, as a complex biological process, is influenced by many molecular factors, among which steroidal hormone estrogens play their role. Estrogens, present in a high concentration in the female reproductive tract are generally considered as primarily female hormones. However, there is increasing evidence of their important impact on male reproductive parameters. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of three natural estrogens such as estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) as well as the synthetical one, 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) on boar sperm capacitation in vitro.

Methods
Boar sperm were capacitated in vitro in presence of estrogens. Capacitation progress in control and experimental samples was analyzed by flow cytometry with the anti-acrosin monoclonal antibody (ACR.2) at selected times of incubation. Sperm samples were analyzed at 120 min of capacitation by CTC (chlortetracycline) assay, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry with anti-acrosin ACR.2 antibody. Furthermore, sperm samples and capacitating media were analyzed by immunocytochemistry, ELISA with the ACR.2 antibody, and the acrosin activity assay after induced acrosomal reaction (AR).

Results
Estrogens stimulate sperm capacitation of boar sperm collected from different individuals. The stimulatory effect depends on capacitation time and is highly influenced by differences in the response to estrogens such as E2 by individual animals. Individual estrogens have relatively same effect on capacitation progress. In the boar samples with high estrogen responsiveness, estrogens stimulate the capacitation progress in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, estrogens significantly increase the number of acrosome-reacted sperm after zona pellucida- induced acrosomal reaction.

Conclusions
We demonstrate here the stimulatory effect of four different estrogens on boar sperm capacitation in vitro. According to our results, there is significant difference in the response to tested estrogens at different capacitation time and among individual animals. In animals with a high response to estrogens, there is a concentration-dependent stimulation of capacitation and individual estrogens have relatively the same effect. Effects of individual estrogens, differences in the response to them by individual animals, their time and concentration-dependent outcomes further contribute to our knowledge about steroidal action in sperm.
Ethnomedicine of the Kagera Region, north western Tanzania. Part 2: The medicinal plants used in Katoro Ward, Bukoba District
Authors: Moshi Mainen J , Otieno Donald F , Mbabazi Pamela K , Weisheit Anke 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Background
The Kagera region of north western Tanzania has a rich culture of traditional medicine use and practices. The dynamic inter-ethnic interactions of different people from the surrounding countries constitute a rich reservoir of herbal based healing practices. This study, the second on an ongoing series, reports on the medicinal plant species used in Katoro ward, Bukoba District, and tries to use the literature to establish proof of the therapeutic claims.

Methodology
Ethnomedical information was collected using Semi-structured interviews in Kyamlaile and Kashaba villages of Katoro, and in roadside bushes on the way from Katoro to Bukoba through Kyaka. Data collected included the common/local names of the plants, parts used, the diseases treated, methods of preparation, dosage, frequency and duration of treatments. Information on toxicity and antidote were also collected. Literature was consulted to get corroborative information on similar ethnomedical claims and proven biological activities of the plants.

Results
Thirty three (33) plant species for treatement of 13 different disease categories were documented. The most frequently treated diseases were those categorized as specific diseases/conditions (23.8% of all remedies) while eye diseases were the least treated using medicinal plants (1.5% of all remedies). Literature reports support 47% of the claims including proven anti-malarial, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activity or similar ethnomedical uses. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part (20 species) followed by roots (13 species) while making of decoctions, pounding, squeezing, making infusions, burning and grinding to powder were the most common methods used to prepare a majority of the therapies.

Conclusion
Therapeutic claims made on plants used in traditional medicine in Katoro ward of Bukoba district are well supported by literature, with 47% of the claims having already been reported. This study further enhances the validity of plants used in traditional medicine in this region as resources that can be relied on to provide effective, accessible and affordable basic healthcare to the local communities. The plants documented also have the potential of being used in drug development and on farm domestication initiatives.
The function of communities in protein interaction networks at multiple scales
Authors: Lewis Anna CF , Jones Nick S , Porter Mason A , Deane Charlotte M 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
If biology is modular then clusters, or communities, of proteins derived using only protein interaction network structure should define protein modules with similar biological roles. We investigate the link between biological modules and network communities in yeast and its relationship to the scale at which we probe the network.

Results
Our results demonstrate that the functional homogeneity of communities depends on the scale selected, and that almost all proteins lie in a functionally homogeneous community at some scale. We judge functional homogeneity using a novel test and three independent characterizations of protein function, and find a high degree of overlap between these measures. We show that a high mean clustering coefficient of a community can be used to identify those that are functionally homogeneous. By tracing the community membership of a protein through multiple scales we demonstrate how our approach could be useful to biologists focusing on a particular protein.

Conclusions
We show that there is no one scale of interest in the community structure of the yeast protein interaction network, but we can identify the range of resolution parameters that yield the most functionally coherent communities, and predict which communities are most likely to be functionally homogeneous.
Ring chromosome 18 abnormality in acute myelogenous leukemia: the clinical dilemma
Authors: Sivendran Shanthi , Gruenstein Stephen , Malone Adriana K , Najfeld Vesna 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The ring chromosome is a circular, structural abnormality composed of either multiple chromosomes or a single chromosome with loss of genetic material at one or both ends. This chromosomal rearrangement is often unstable with frequent recombinations and may be accompanied by either loss or amplification of genetic material[1]. Considering that ring chromosomes are rare in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), it is difficult to risk stratify patient prognosis, particularly when the ring chromosome occurs as the sole abnormality. Here we report a case of a ring chromosome 18 abnormality in a patient with newly diagnosed AML with monocytic differentiation. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated 46, XY, r(18)(p11q21) karyotype in 19 of 34 evaluated metaphase cells. The patient received induction chemotherapy and subsequent allogeneic cord blood transplant from a sex-matched donor, and remained in hematologic and cytogenetic remission for 120 days post transplant. Soon after, he developed post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and died of multi-organ failure. Although r(18) chromosomal abnormalities were not classified in the recent updated evidence-and expert opinion-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AML (likely due to the small number of reported cases), the patient was treated as high risk with stem cell transplantation. This was based on the unstable nature of the ring chromosome and the poor outcomes described in the literature of patients with sole ring 18 abnormalities.
Characterization of monocyte/macrophage subsets in the skin and peripheral blood derived from patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Higashi-Kuwata Nobuyo , Jinnin Masatoshi , Makino Takamitsu , Fukushima Satoshi , Inoue Yuji , Muchemwa Faith C , Yonemura Yuji , Komohara Yoshihiro , Takeya Motohiro , Mitsuya Hiroaki , Ihn Hironobu 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Recent accumulating evidence indicates a crucial involvement of macrophage lineage in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). To analyze the assembly of the monocyte/macrophage population, we evaluated the expression of CD163 and CD204 and various activated macrophage markers, in the inflammatory cells of the skin and in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from patients with SSc.

Methods
Skin biopsy specimens from 6 healthy controls and 10 SSc patients (7 limited cutaneous SSc and 3 diffuse cutaneous SSc) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody against CD68 (pan-macrophage marker), CD163 and CD204. Surface and/or intracellular protein expression of CD14 (marker for monocyte lineage), CD163 and CD204 was analysed by flow cytometry in PBMCs from 16 healthy controls and 41 SSc patients (26 limited cutaneous SSc and 15 diffuse cutaneous SSc). Statistical analysis was carried out using Mann-Whitney U test for comparison of means.

Results
In the skin from SSc patients, the number of CD163+ cells or CD204+ cells between the collagen fibers was significantly larger than that in healthy controls. Flow cytometry showed that the population of CD14+ cells was significantly greater in PBMCs from SSc patients than that in healthy controls. Further analysis of CD14+ cells in SSc patients revealed higher expression of CD163 and the presence of two unique peaks in the CD204 histogram. Additionally, we found that the CD163+ cells belong to CD14brightCD204+ population.

Conclusions
This is the first report indicating CD163+ or CD204+ activated macrophages may be one of the potential fibrogenic regulators in the SSc skin. Furthermore, this study suggests a portion of PBMCs in SSc patients abnormally differentiates into CD14brightCD163+CD204+ subset. The subset specific to SSc may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease, as the source of CD163+ or CD204+ macrophages in the skin.
Localized 1H-NMR spectroscopy in patients with fibromyalgia: a controlled study of changes in cerebral glutamate/glutamine, inositol, choline, and N-acetylaspartate
Authors: Fayed Nicolas , Garcia-Campayo Javier , Magallón Rosa , Andrés-Bergareche Helena , Luciano Juan V , Andres Eva , Beltrán Julián 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether single-voxel (SV) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) detected differences between fibromyalgia (FM) patients and healthy controls. We also searched for correlations between neuroimaging abnormalities and neuropsychological variables.

Methods
Ten patients with FM and 10 gender- and age-matched control subjects were studied. A neuropsychological examination, DWI, DTI, and proton MRS were performed on the brain areas known to be associated with pain processing.

Results
Compared with healthy controls, FM patients had significantly higher levels of glutamate + glutamine (Glx) (mean ± SD, 10.71 ± 0.50 arbitrary institutional units versus 9.89 ± 1.04; P = 0.049) and higher glutamate + glutamine/creatine (Glx/Cr) ratios (1.90 ± 0.12 versus 1.72 ± 0.23; P = 0.034) in the posterior gyrus. Myoinositol (Ins) levels of the right and left hippocampi were significantly lower in FM patients (4.49 ± 0.74 versus 5.17 ± 0.62; P = 0.008 and 4.91 ± 0.85 versus 6.09 ± 0.78; P = 0.004, respectively). In FM patients, decreased myoinositol/creatine (Ins/Cr) ratios were found in the left sensorimotor area (P = 0.05) and the left hippocampus (P = 0.002) and lower levels of choline (P = 0.019) and N-acetyl aspartate + N-acetyl aspartyl glutamate (NAA + NAG) (P = 0.034) in the left hippocampus. Significant correlations between depression, pain, and global function and the posterior gyrus Glx levels and Glx/Cr ratios were observed.

Conclusions
Glx within the posterior gyrus could be a pathologic factor in FM. Hippocampal dysfunction may be partially responsible for the depressive symptoms of FM. Additional studies with larger samples are required to confirm these preliminary data.
Analysis of the copy number profiles of several tumor samples from the same patient reveals the successive steps in tumorigenesis
Authors: Letouzé Eric , Allory Yves , Bollet Marc A , Radvanyi François , Guyon Frédéric 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe present a computational method, TuMult, for reconstructing the sequence of copy number changes driving carcinogenesis, based on the analysis of several tumor samples from the same patient. We demonstrate the reliability of the method with simulated data, and describe applications to three different cancers, showing that TuMult is a valuable tool for the establishment of clonal relationships between tumor samples and the identification of chromosome aberrations occurring at crucial steps in cancer progression.
Female Gonadal Function before and after Treatment of Acromegaly
Authors: Grynberg Michaël , Salenave Sylvie , Young Jacques , Chanson Philippe 
Published: July 2010

Context: The menstrual cycle is often abnormal in women with acromegaly. Gonadotropin deficiency may be due to a tumor mass effect (macroadenomas) and/or hyperprolactinemia and/or GH excess.
Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to analyze the causes of ovarian dysfunction in a large series of patients with acromegaly followed up in a single center.
Patients and Methods: Gonadal function was assessed on the basis of menstrual status and hormone assays before and after treatment of acromegaly, between 1985 and 2005, in 55 patients aged from 17 to less than 45 yr.
Results: Seventeen women (31%) were considered to be eugonadal because they had regular menstrual cycles and/or conceived spontaneously. The remaining 38 women had anovulatory cycles. Of these, 11 had hyperprolactinemia and six had hypogonadism due to a mass effect. The cause of the menstrual disturbances was mixed or unclassifiable in 14 cases. In the seven remaining cases, the gonadal dysfunction was likely related to the GH/IGF-I excess, which exerts a direct effect on the gonadotropic axis. Two had polycystic ovary syndrome, which disappeared after normalization of serum GH/IGF-I levels, suggesting that GH/IGF-I excess may also have a direct effect on the ovary. Thirty-eight women became pregnant, and all had healthy children, despite active acromegaly in 12 cases (31%).
Conclusion: Gonadal dysfunction is very common in premenopausal women with acromegaly. The potential causes include the lactogenic effect of prolactin, GH, or both on gonadotropic axis. Tumor mass effect or direct effect of GH or IGF-I on the ovary may also participate in ovarian dysfunction.
Cooperation between Cyclin E and p27Kip1 in Pituitary Tumorigenesis
Authors: Roussel-Gervais Audrey , Bilodeau Steve , Vallette Sophie , Berthelet France , Lacroix André , Figarella-Branger Dominique , Brue Thierry , Drouin Jacques 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCushing’s disease is caused by glucocorticoid-resistant pituitary corticotroph adenomas. We have previously identified the loss of nuclear Brg1 as one mechanism that may lead to partial glucocorticoid resistance: this loss is observed in about 33% of human corticotroph adenomas. We now show that Brg1 loss of function correlates with cyclin E expression in corticotroph adenomas and with loss of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 expression. Because Brg1 is thought to have tumor suppressor activity, the present study was undertaken to understand the putative contribution of cyclin E derepression produced by loss of Brg1 expression on adenoma development. Overexpression of cyclin E in pituitary proopiomelanocortin cells leads to abnormal reentry into cell cycle of differentiated proopiomelanocortin cells and to centrosome instability. These alterations are consistent with the intermediate lobe hyperplasia and anterior lobe adenomas that were observed in these pituitaries. When combined with the p27Kip1 knockout, overexpression of cyclin E increased the incidence of pituitary tumors, their size, and their proliferation index. These results suggest that cyclin E up-regulation and p27Kip1 loss-of-function act cooperatively on pituitary adenoma development.
Antecedents and trajectories of achievement goals: A self‐determination theory perspective
Authors: Ciani Keith D. , Sheldon Kennon M. , Hilpert Jonathan C. , Easter Matthew A. 
Published: July 2010

Background. Research has shown that both achievement goal theory and self‐determination theory (SDT) are quite useful in explaining student motivation and success in academic contexts. However, little is known about how the two theories relate to each other. Aim. The current research used SDT as a framework to understand why students enter classes with particular achievement goal profiles, and also, how those profiles may change over time. Sample. One hundred and eighty‐four undergraduate preservice teachers in a required domain course agreed to participate in the study. Method. Data were collected at three time points during the semester, and both path modelling and multi‐level longitudinal modelling techniques were used. Results. Path modelling techniques with 169 students, results indicated that students' autonomy and relatedness need satisfaction in life predict their initial self‐determined class motivation, which in turn predicts initial mastery‐approach and ‐avoidance goals. Multi‐level longitudinal modelling with 108 students found that perceived teacher autonomy support buffered against the general decline in students' mastery‐approach goals over the course of the semester. Conclusions. Data provide a promising integration of SDT and achievement goal theory, posing a host of potentially fruitful future research questions regarding goal adoption and trajectories.
Tau and neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Motoi Yumiko , Sahara Naruhiko , Kambe Taiki , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe mechanisms that render tau a toxic agent are still unclear, although increasing evidence supports the assertion that alterations of tau can directly cause neuronal degeneration. In addition, it is unclear whether neurodegeneration in various tauopathies occurs via a common mechanism or that specific differences exist. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of tauopathies from bench to bedside. The review begins with clinicopathological findings of familial and sporadic tauopathies. It includes a discussion of the similarities and differences between these two conditions. The second part concentrates on biochemical alterations of tau such as phosphorylation, truncation and acetylation. Although pathological phosphorylation of tau has been studied for many years, recently researchers have focused on the physiological role of tau during development. Finally, the review contains a summary of the significance of tauopathy model mice for research on neurofibrillary tangles, axonopathies, and synaptic alteration.
Leitlinien-Update 061/017 In-vitro-Allergiediagnostik1, 2 / In-vitro allergy diagnostics Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI), Ärzteverband deutscher Allergologen (ÄDA), Gesellschaft für pädiatrische Allergologie (GPA), Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG)
Authors: Renz Harald , Biedermann Thomas , Bufe Albrecht , Eberlein Bernadette , Jappe Uta , Ollert Markus , Petersen Arnd , Kleine-Tebbe Jörg , Raulf-Heimsoth Monika , Saloga Joachim , Werfel Thomas , Worm Margitta , In-vitro-Allergiediagnostik (Arbeitsgruppe „In-vitro-Allergi  
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung
Diese S1 Leitlinie befasst sich mit allen aktuellen Aspekten der In-vitro-Allergiediagnostik, einschließlich der internen und externen Qualitätskontrolle und deren nationalen Richtlinien, der Messung von Gesamt- und allergenspezifischen IgE- und IgG-Antikörpern, den zellulären Testsystemen für Mastzellen, basophile und eosinophile Granulozyten, den zellulären Testsystemen für T-Zellen sowie der Bestimmung von Entzündungsmediatoren wie ECP (eosinophiles catio-nisches Protein), Tryptase, Histamin und deren Metaboliten. Diese Leitlinie ist zwischenzeitlich von mehreren nationalen medizinisch-wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften adoptiert worden.
Kryptopyrrol, ein vergessener, aber wichtiger Laborparameter? / Kryptopyrrole: a forgotten but important diagnostic parameter?
Authors: Kinkeldei Jürgen 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung
In den 1960er- und 1970er-Jahren wurde über eine Substanz im Urin spekuliert, die zunächst Malven-Faktor genannt, dann falsch als Kryptopyrrol und schließlich korrekt als Hydroxyhämopyrrollaktam identifiziert wurde. Man wollte sie als Marker für die Schizophrenie verwenden und auch bei bestimmten Porphyrien sollte sie vermehrt im Urin ausgeschieden werden. Jedoch konnte man diese Vermutungen bis Ende der 1970er-Jahre eindeutig widerlegen. Jetzt taucht diese Substanz wieder als Hämopyrrollaktam auf und soll einen ausgeprägten Vitamin B6- und Zink-Mangel bewirken, der zu unterschiedlichen Krankheitsbildern führt. Dafür werden unnötige und teure Laboruntersuchen sowie zur Korrektur der Mangelzustände Nahrungsergänzungsmittel angeboten.