bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting MAPK14 in microglial cells: neuroimmune implications of Panax ginseng in post-stroke inflammation
Authors: Guan Hongxu , Yang Xiaoting , Yang Mingfeng , Wang Haitao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aim
This study investigates the molecular mechanisms through which Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) mitigate neuroinflammatory damage and promote neural repair postischemic stroke, utilizing bioinformatics, and experimental approaches.

Background
Cerebral infarction significantly contributes to disability worldwide, with chronic neuroinflammation worsening cognitive impairments and leading to neurodegenerative diseases. Addressing neuroimmune interactions is crucial for slowing disease progression and enhancing patient recovery, highlighting the need for advanced research in neuroimmune regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

Objective
To elucidate the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine components Panax ginseng and PNS on neuroinflammatory damage following ischemic stroke, focusing on the molecular pathways involved in mitigating inflammation and facilitating neural repair.

Methods
The study employs single-cell sequencing and transcriptomic analysis to investigate gene expression changes associated with cerebral infarction. Gene set enrichment analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis are used to identify key molecular markers and core genes. Furthermore, pharmacological profiling, including functional assays, assesses the impact of Ginsenoside-Rc, a PNS derivative, on microglial cell viability, cytokine production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.

Results
Our analysis revealed that MAPK14 is a critical mediator in the neuroinflammatory response to ischemic stroke. Ginsenoside-Rc potentially targets and modulates MAPK14 activity to suppress inflammation. Experimental validation showed that Ginsenoside-Rc treatment, combined with MAPK14 silencing, significantly alters MAPK14 expression and mitigates neuroinflammatory damage, evidenced by reduced microglial cell death, inflammatory factor secretion, and ROS production.

Conclusion
Ginsenoside-Rc’s modulation of MAPK14 offers a promising therapeutic strategy for reducing neuroinflammation and potentially improving cognitive recovery post-ischemic stroke. This supports the therapeutic application of the traditional Chinese medicine Sanqi in ischemic stroke care, providing a theoretical and experimental foundation for its use.

Others
Future work will focus on extending these findings through clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ginsenoside-Rc in human subjects, aiming to translate these promising preclinical results into practical therapeutic interventions for ischemic stroke recovery.
Leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors: A Society for Neuro-Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology consensus review on clinical management and future directions
Authors: Wilcox Jessica A , Chukwueke Ugonma N , Ahn Myung-Ju , Aizer Ayal A , Bale Tejus A , Brandsma Dieta , Brastianos Priscilla K , Chang Susan , Daras Mariza , Forsyth Peter , Garzia Livia , Glantz Michael , Oliva Isabella C Glitza , Kumthekar Priya , Le Rhun Emilie , Nagpal Seema , O’Brien Barbara , Pentsova Elena , Lee Eudocia Quant , Remsik Jan , Rudà Roberta , Smalley Inna , Taylor Michael D , Weller Michael , Wefel Jeffrey , Yang Jonathan T , Young Robert J , Wen Patrick Y , Boire Adrienne A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are increasingly becoming recognized as a treatable, yet generally incurable, complication of advanced cancer. As modern cancer therapeutics have prolonged the lives of patients with metastatic cancer, specifically in patients with parenchymal brain metastases, treatment options, and clinical research protocols for patients with LM from solid tumors have similarly evolved to improve survival within specific populations. Recent expansions in clinical investigation, early diagnosis, and drug development have given rise to new unanswered questions. These include leptomeningeal metastasis biology and preferred animal modeling, epidemiology in the modern cancer population, ensuring validation and accessibility of newer leptomeningeal metastasis diagnostics, best clinical practices with multimodality treatment options, clinical trial design and standardization of response assessments, and avenues worthy of further research. An international group of multi-disciplinary experts in the research and management of LM, supported by the Society for Neuro-Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology, were assembled to reach a consensus opinion on these pressing topics and provide a roadmap for future directions. Our hope is that these recommendations will accelerate collaboration and progress in the field of LM and serve as a platform for further discussion and patient advocacy.
Histopathologic and molecular profile of gliomas diagnosed in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Odukoya Lateef A , Ida Cristiane M , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E , Kollmeyer Thomas M , Vaubel Rachael , Lachance Daniel H , Fonkem Ekokobe , Badmos Kabir B , Bankole Olufemi B , Llewellyn Henry , Kitange Gasper J , Aldape Kenneth , Daramola Adetola O , Anunobi Charles C , Jenkins Robert B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The optimal diagnosis and management of patients with brain tumors currently uses the 2021 WHO integrated diagnosis of histomorphologic and molecular features. However, neuro-oncology practice in resource-limited settings usually relies solely on histomorphology. This study aimed to classify glioma cases diagnosed in the Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, using the 2021 WHO CNS tumor classification.

Methods
Fifty-six brain tumors from 55 patients diagnosed with glioma between 2013 and 2021 were reevaluated for morphologic diagnosis. Molecular features were determined from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for IDH1-R132H, ATRX, BRAF-V600E, p53, Ki67, and H3-K27M, OncoScan chromosomal microarray for copy number, targeted next generation sequencing for mutation and fusion and methylation array profiling.

Results
Of 55 central nervous system tumors, 3 were excluded from histomorphologic reevaluation for not being of glial or neuroepithelial origin. Of the remaining 52 patients, the median age was 20.5 years (range: 1 to 60 years), 38(73%) were males and 14(27%) were females. Seventy-one percent of the gliomas evaluated provided adequate DNA from archival FFPE tissue blocks. After applying the 2021 WHO diagnostic criteria the initial morphologic diagnosis changed for 35% (18/52) of cases. Diagnoses of 5 (9.6%) gliomas were upgraded, and 7 (14%) were downgraded.

Conclusions
This study shows that the incorporation of molecular testing can considerably improve brain tumor diagnoses in Nigeria. Furthermore, this study highlights the diagnostic challenges in resource-limited settings and what is at stake in the global disparities of brain tumor diagnosis.
Strong low-energy rattling modes enabled liquid-like ultralow thermal conductivity in a well-ordered solid
Authors: Liu Peng-Fei , Li Xiyang , Li Jingyu , Zhu Jianbo , Tong Zhen , Kofu Maiko , Nirei Masami , Xu Juping , Yin Wen , Wang Fangwei , Liang Tianjiao , Xie Lin , Zhang Yongsheng , Singh David J , Ma Jie , Lin Hua , Zhang Junrong , He Jiaqing , Wang Bao-Tian 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Crystalline solids exhibiting inherently low lattice thermal conductivity (κL) are of great importance in applications such as thermoelectrics and thermal barrier coatings. However, κL cannot be arbitrarily low and is limited by the minimum thermal conductivity related to phonon dispersions. In this work, we report the liquid-like thermal transport in a well-ordered crystalline CsAg5Te3, which exhibits an extremely low κL value of ∼0.18 Wm−1K−1. On the basis of first-principles calculations and inelastic neutron scattering measurements, we find that there are lots of low-lying optical phonon modes at ∼3.1 meV hosting the avoided-crossing behavior with acoustic phonons. These strongly localized modes are accompanied by weakly bound rattling Ag atoms with thermally induced large amplitudes of vibrations. Using the two-channel model, we demonstrate that coupling of the particle-like phonon modes and the heat-carrying wave-like phonons is essential for understanding the low κL, which is heavily deviated from the 1/T temperature dependence of the standard Peierls theory. In addition, our analysis indicates that the soft structural framework with liquid-like motions of the fluctuating Ag atoms is the underlying cause that leads to the suppression of the heat conduction in CsAg5Te3. These factors synergistically account for the ultralow κL value. Our results demonstrate that the liquid-like heat transfer could indeed exist in a well-ordered crystal.
The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
Authors: Libman Alexander 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The chapter reviews the political science scholarship on Communist regimes in Eastern Europe and in the USSR, their collapse, and their legacies. It identifies key features of Communist regimes and positions them in the overall landscape of comparative authoritarianism studies. It points out the internal contradictions plaguing Communist regimes, but also factors explaining their durability and stability. It discusses main theories explaining the collapse of the Communist regimes in Eastern Europe and in the USSR. Finally, it shows that Communist legacies remain an important obstacle for the democratic consolidation in Eastern Europe and the post-Soviet Eurasia. The focus of the chapter is on both the Communist regimes themselves and the scholarship on Communist regimes and its place in the political science research on authoritarian regimes.
Central Asian Authoritarianisms
Authors: Kassenova Nargis , Frigerio Alessandro 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The authoritarian trend has dominated in Central Asia since 1991, when its five countries acquired independence after the dissolution of the USSR. Despite their common origins, the political systems in these countries now display considerable differences. We account for these variations, and highlight the complexity of authoritarian politics in Central Asia, in three steps. First, we place them on the dual continuum of anarchy-democracy-dictatorship and libertarianism-liberalism-totalitarianism. Second, we discuss how authoritarianism has become the dominant trend in the region, and define the common trait of all these countries under the general umbrella of neopatrimonial authoritarianism. Third, we illustrate the oscillations of the regimes in the region over the past three decades by focusing on three elements that could explain the variations in authoritarianisms: leaders, elites and societies, and external influences. We conclude with some thoughts on authoritarianism’s prospects in Central Asia, and outline areas for future research.
Policing schools in the USA: An evidence summary and future research agenda
Authors: Petrosino Anthony , Fronius Trevor , Baskerville Trent 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
School-based policing programs started as far back in the USA as the 1950s and became more popular in part as concerns about school safety increased. After the murder of George Floyd in May 2020, the scrutiny of municipal police extended to school policing, and the concerns that policing exacerbates the school-to-prison pipeline, particularly for Black and Brown children, led several districts to remove officers from their schools. However, some of these same districts have reinstated police following widespread reports of fighting and behavioural issues among students after nearly 2 years of sporadic education due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper discusses some of the recent trends and highlights evidence from several systematic reviews of evidence on the efforts of school policing, including a large-scale effort for the Campbell Collaboration. A more recent evaluation published since the reviews were done is also discussed. Finally, the article highlights a report to Congress by the National Institute of Justice and concludes with policy implications and a future agenda for research.
Towards A Participatory Democracy—A Case For Inclusive Public Participation In Law-Making
Authors: Bagchi Sayantani , Raghuvanshi Prakhar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Any society is governed by a set of laws. In modern democratic nations, especially nations governed by post-war constitutions, such laws are enacted by an elected legislature. The legislature is bound by the constitution itself, both in procedure and in substance. In India, such protection exists in the forms of legislative competence, fundamental rights, and other provisions of the constitution. However, India lacks a direct say of the people in the law-making process which governs the citizenry. The recent controversy in India, including the farm laws reform undertaken in 2020, highlights the need for the participation of stakeholders, experts, and the public in general in the law-making process. The Supreme Court of India has interpreted the right to participation in a limited sense and majorly in cases relating to environmental pollution. There exists a lacuna in the rights-based framework with respect to the right to participate in law-making. India has had a Pre-Legislative Consultation Policy in place since 2014 that mandates publishing the bill thirty days prior to introduction in the parliament for public comments. However, data reflects disregard of the policy by the Government. Furthermore, there is a downward trend in the number of bills being referred to parliamentary committees for scrutiny. This impacts negatively in two ways—first, leading to a lacuna in legislative drafting, and second, depriving the stakeholder and public of the opportunity to submit their comments on a bill under consideration. The extra-parliamentary avenues like the Law Commission of India, which have a significant impact on the legal framework in the country, are under a shadow. The authors argue that there is a need to incorporate a binding consultation policy ensuring public consultation in the process of law-making. This will have both an intrinsic as well as instrumental value.
Temperature and microbe mediated impacts of the San Diego Bay ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1) microvariant on juvenile Pacific oysters
Authors: Kunselman Emily , Manrique Daysi , Burge Colleen A , Allard Sarah , Daniel Zachary , Mitta Guillaume , Petton Bruno , Gilbert Jack A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1) was recently detected in San Diego Bay for the first time in farmed juvenile Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Due to the virus’ ability to cause mass mortality (50%–100%), it is important to determine the factors that promote infection as well as the consequences of infection. Here, we assess the role of temperature in controlling OsHV-1 induced mortality. Pacific oysters were exposed to the San Diego Bay microvariant of OsHV-1 at four different temperatures (15°C, 18°C, 21°C, and 24°C). While OsHV-1 was able to replicate in oyster tissues at all temperatures, it did not induce mortality at 15°C, only at the higher temperatures. Additionally, we examined oyster tissue-associated bacterial response to OsHV-1 infection. As shown previously, bacterial richness increased following OsHV-1 exposure and then decreased as the oysters became sick and died. Four bacterial taxa linked to the San Diego Bay microvariant infection, including Arcobacter, Vibrio, Amphritea, and Pseudoalteromonas, were the same as those shown for other microvariant infections in other studies from globally distributed oysters, suggesting a similar spectrum of co-infection irrespective of geography and microvariant type. The significant shift in the bacterial community following exposure suggests a weakening of the host defenses as a result of OsHV-1 infection, which potentially leads to adverse opportunistic bacterial infection.
Pathogenicity and induced resistance in Larix kaempferi and Larix olgensis inoculated with Endoconidiophora fujiensis
Authors: Liu Ya , Zhou Qinzheng , Wu Di , Liu Caixia , Wu Xiaolin , Wang Zheng , Wang Huimin , Lu Quan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With climate warming and economic globalization, insect–microbe assemblages are becoming increasingly responsible for various devastating forest diseases worldwide. Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) is extensively cultivated in China because of its high survival rate, rapid maturation and robust mechanical properties. Endoconidiophora fujiensis, an ophiostomatoid fungus associated with Ips subelongatus, has been identified as a lethal pathogen of L. kaempferi in Japan. However, there is a dearth of research on the pathogenicity of E. fujiensis in larches in China. Therefore, we investigated the pathogenicity of E. fujiensis in introduced L. kaempferi and indigenous larch (Larix olgensis) trees and compared the induced resistance responses to the pathogen in both tree species in terms of physiology and gene expression. Five-year-old saplings and 25-year-old adult trees of L. olgensis and L. kaempferi were inoculated in parallel during the same growing season. Endoconidiophora fujiensis exhibited high pathogenicity in both larch species, but particularly in L. kaempferi compared with L. olgensis adult trees; adult L. olgensis was more resistant to E. fujiensis than adult L. kaempferi, which was reflected in higher accumulation of defensive monoterpenes, such as myrcene, 3-carene and limonene and the earlier induction of defense genes catalase (CAT) and pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1). This study contributes to our understanding of the interactions between bark beetle-associated ophiostomatoid fungi and host larches, from phenotypic responses to alterations in secondary metabolites via defense- and metabolism-related gene activation, providing a valuable foundation for the management of larch diseases and pests in the future.
Balance between carbon gain and loss in warmer environments: impacts on photosynthesis and leaf respiration in four temperate tree species
Authors: Wang Zhaoguo , Wang Xiaochun , Han Bingxin , Liu Di , Wang Chuankuan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The temperature sensitivities of photosynthesis and respiration remain a key uncertainty in predicting how forests will respond to climate warming. We grew seedlings of four temperate tree species, including Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica and Tilia amurensis, at three temperature regimes (ambient, +2 °C, and +4 °C in daytime air temperature). We investigated net photosynthesis (Anet25), maximum rate of RuBP-carboxylation (Vcmax25) and RuBP-regeneration (Jmax25), stomatal conductance (gs25), mesophyll conductance (gm25), and leaf respiration (Rleaf) in dark (Rdark25) and in light (Rlight25) at 25 °C in all species. Additionally, we examined the temperature sensitivities of Anet, Vcmax, Jmax, Rdark and Rlight in F. mandshurica. Our findings showed that the warming-induced decreases in Anet25, Vcmax25 and Jmax25 were more prevalent in the late-successional species T. amurensis. Warming had negative impacts on gs25 in all species. Overall, Anet25 was positively correlated with Vcmax25 and Jmax25 across all growth temperatures. However, a positive correlation between Anet25 and gs25 was observed only under warming conditions, and gs25 was negatively associated with vapor pressure deficit. This implies that the vapor pressure deficit-induced decrease in gs25 was responsible for the decline in Anet25 at higher temperatures. The optimum temperature of Anet in F. mandshurica increased by 0.59 °C per 1.0 °C rise in growth temperature. While +2 °C elevated the thermal optima of Jmax, it did not affect the other temperature sensitivity parameters of Vcmax and Jmax. Rdark25 was not affected by warming in any species, and Rlight25 was stimulated in T. amurensis. The temperature response curves of Rdark and Rlight in F. mandshurica were not altered by warming, implying a lack of thermal acclimation. The ratios of Rdark25 and Rlight25 to Anet25 and Vcmax25 in T. amurensis increased with warming. These results suggest that Anet and Rleaf did not acclimate to warming synchronously in these temperate tree species.
Evolutionary divergence of CXE gene family in green plants unveils that PtoCXEs overexpression reduces fungal colonization in transgenic Populus
Authors: Wang Dan , Jin Yuting , Guan Chaonan , Yang Qi , He Gang , Xu Nan , Han Xuemin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Plant enzymes significantly contribute to the rapidly diversified metabolic repertoire since the colonization of land by plants. Carboxylesterase is just one of the ubiquitous, multifunctional and ancient enzymes that has particularly diversified during plant evolution. This study provided a status on the carboxylesterase landscape within Viridiplantae. A total of 784 carboxylesterases were identified from the genome of 31 plant species representing nine major lineages of sequenced Viridiplantae and divided into five clades based on phylogenetic analysis. Clade I carboxylesterase genes may be of bacterial origin and then expanded and diversified during plant evolution. Clade II was first gained in the ancestor of bryophytes after colonization of land by plants, Clade III and Clade IV in ferns which were considered the most advanced seedless vascular plants, while Clade V was gained in seed plants. To date, the functions of carboxylesterase genes in woody plants remain unclear. In this study, 51 carboxylesterase genes were identified from the genome of Populus trichocarpa and further divided into eight classes. Tandem and segmental duplication events both contributed to the expansion of carboxylesterase genes in Populus. Although carboxylesterase genes were proven to enhance resistance to pathogens in many herbaceous species, relevant researches on forest trees are still needed. In this study, pathogen incubation assays showed that overexpressing of six Class VI carboxylesterases in Populus tomentosa, to a greater or lesser degree, reduced colonization of detached leaves by fungus Cytospora chrysosperma. A significant difference was also found in functional divergence patterns for genes derived from different gene duplication events. Functional differentiation of duplicated carboxylesterase genes in Populus was proved for the first time by in vivo physiological analysis. The identification of the potentially anti-fungal PtoCXE06 gene also laid a theoretical foundation for promoting the genetic improvement of disease-resistance traits in forest trees.