bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventional radiology at the meetings of the German Radiological Society from 1998 to 2008: evaluation of structural changes and radiation issues
Authors: Lemburg Stefan P. , Roggenland Daniela , Nicolas Volkmar , Heyer Christoph M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Objectives
Evaluation of structural changes and the weight given to radiation exposure of interventional radiology (IR) contributions at the Congress of the German Radiological Association from 1998 to 2008.

Methods
All IR abstracts were evaluated for type of contribution, design, imaging modality, and anatomic region. Weight given to radiation exposure was recorded as general statement, main topic and/or dose reduction. Statistical analysis included calculation of absolute/relative proportions of subgroups and ANOVA regression analyses.

Results
Out of 9,436 abstracts, 1,728 (18%) were IR-related. IR abstracts significantly rose to a maximum of 200 (20%) in 2005 (P = 0.048). While absolute numbers of scientific contributions declined, educational contributions significantly increased (P = 0.003). Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were the main IR imaging modalities, with growing use of CT (P = 0.021). The main body regions were vessels (45%) and abdomen (31%). Radiation exposure was addressed as a general statement in 3% of abstracts, as a main topic in 2%, and for dose reduction in 1%, respectively. During the study interval a significant growth of dose reduction abstracts was observed (P = 0.016).

Conclusions
IR emerged as a growing specialty of radiology, with a significant increase in educational contributions. Radiation exposure was rarely in the focus of interest but contributions relating to dose reduction demonstrated a significant growth during the study period.

Main Messages

Interventional radiology emerged as a growing specialty at the German radiological congress.

Significant increments of educational and prospective research contributions could be observed.

Despite a significant trend towards computed tomography, radiation exposure of IR was rarely in the focus of interest.

Contributions related to dose reduction demonstrated a significant growth during the study period.
I–t, J–1/T and J–E characteristics for the understanding of the main mechanism of electric conduction and the determination of the glass transition temperature of parylene C thin films
Authors: Kahouli A , Jomni F , Sylvestre A , Yangui B , Legrand J 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Measurements under both transient and steady-state conditions on parylene C (−H2C − C6H3Cl − CH2−)
n
, also called PPX C, were made for different electric fields ranging from 8.33 to 33.33 MV m−1. The transient current behaviour is hyperbolic in nature up to 125 °C. Above, the current is transient free and becomes constant reflecting the presence of the steady state. The decay rate of the transient current increases with increasing temperature and field. The transient current is attributed mainly to the dipolar relaxation due to the polarization of the C–Cl dipole. The J–1/T characteristic reflects the change in the conduction regime occurring at a critical temperature associated with the glass transition temperature of the materials. The J–E measurements show that hopping conduction is the possible mechanism below and above T
g of parylene C. The activation energy is determined to be 0.13 eV, independent of the electric fields below T
g and varies from 0.65 to 0.94 eV above T
g, indicating the presence of more than one type of trapping centres in parylene C. The ionic jump distance ‘a’ is estimated to be 5.60–6.68 Å below T
g and 8.36–26.58 Å above T
g.
Diffusion of Bt Cotton in India: Impact of Seed Prices and Varietal Approval
Authors: Arora Anchal , Bansal Sangeeta 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe Indian government imposed a ceiling on the price of Bt cotton seeds in 2006. This paper aims to analyze the effect of such price intervention on the diffusion of Bt cotton in India. Using three variations of dynamic logistic models, diffusion paths in nine major cotton growing states from 2002 to 2008 are studied. It was found that although seed prices were significant in impacting the diffusion rates, the effect was limited. It was also found that varietal approval is an important factor affecting diffusion rates.
Polyamines Attenuate Ethylene-Mediated Defense Responses to Abrogate Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Tomato
Authors: Nambeesan Savithri , AbuQamar Synan , Laluk Kristin , Mattoo Autar K. , Mickelbart Michael V. , Ferruzzi Mario G. , Mengiste Tesfaye , Handa Avtar K. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) lines overexpressing yeast spermidine synthase (ySpdSyn), an enzyme involved in polyamine (PA) biosynthesis, were developed. These transgenic lines accumulate higher levels of spermidine (Spd) than the wild-type plants and were examined for responses to the fungal necrotrophs Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani, bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000, and larvae of the chewing insect tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta). The Spd-accumulating transgenic tomato lines were more susceptible to B. cinerea than the wild-type plants; however, responses to A. solani, P. syringae, or M. sexta were similar to the wild-type plants. Exogenous application of ethylene precursors, S-adenosyl-Met and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, or PA biosynthesis inhibitors reversed the response of the transgenic plants to B. cinerea. The increased susceptibility of the ySpdSyn transgenic tomato to B. cinerea was associated with down-regulation of gene transcripts involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling. These data suggest that PA-mediated susceptibility to B. cinerea is linked to interference with the functions of ethylene in plant defense.
Too good to be true: pitfalls of using mean Ellenberg indicator values in vegetation analyses
Authors: Zelený David , Schaffers André P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractQuestionMean Ellenberg indicator values (EIVs) inherit information about compositional similarity, because during their calculation species abundances (or presence–absences) are used as weights. Can this similarity issue actually be demonstrated, does it bias results of vegetation analyses correlating mean EIVs with other aspects of species composition and how often are biased studies published?MethodsIn order to separate information on compositional similarity possibly present in mean EIVs, a new variable was introduced, calculated as a weighted average of randomized species EIVs. The performance of these mean randomized EIVs was compared with that of the mean real EIVs on the one hand and random values (randomized mean EIVs) on the other. To demonstrate the similarity issue, differences between samples were correlated with dissimilarity matrices based on various indices. Next, the three mean EIV variables were tested in canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA) between vegetation clusters, and in regression on species richness. Subsequently, a modified permutation test of significance was proposed, taking the similarity issue into account. In addition, an inventory was made of studies published in the Journal of Vegetation Science and Applied Vegetation Science between 2000 and 2010 likely reporting biased results due to the similarity issue.ResultsUsing mean randomized EIVs, it is shown that compositional similarity is inherited into mean EIVs and most resembles the inter‐sample distances in correspondence analysis, which itself is based on iterative weighted averaging. The use of mean EIVs produced biased results in all four analysis types examined: unrealistic (too high) explained variances in CCA, too many significant correlations with ordination axes in DCA, too many significant differences between cluster analysis groups and too high coefficients of determination in regressions on species richness. Modified permutation tests provided ecologically better interpretable results. From 95 studies using Ellenberg indicator values, 36 reported potentially biased results.ConclusionsNo statistical inferences should be made in analyses relating mean EIVs with other variables derived from the species composition as this can produce highly biased results, leading to misinterpretation. Alternatively, a modified permutation test using mean randomized EIVs can sometimes be used.
'Child-proofing' EU law and policy: interrogating the law-making processes behind European asylum and immigration provision
Authors: Drywood Eleanor 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe EU is pursuing an increasingly explicit agenda in relation to young immigrants and asylum-seekers, leading the supra-national legislature to grapple with the question of how to ensure that children's rights are upheld through this body of law. The tool of mainstreaming, which ensures that a particular concern is promoted through its incorporation into the entire law-making process, has emerged as a key strategy in this regard. This article explores the use of mainstreaming within the specific context of children's rights and uses its implementation in the specific context of the European Union's (EU's) asylum and immigration laws as a case-study to assess both its successes and its shortcomings. Using similar mainstreaming activities in the gender equality arena by way of illustration, the analysis questions, in particular, the capacity of mainstreaming: to accommodate the heterogeneity of child migrants as a group; to ensure appropriate representation and coordination in relation to children's rights at institutional level; and to deliver an adequate knowledge base to underpin decision making in the legislative process in relation to young immigrants and asylumseekers. The discussion concludes by pointing to some of the current deficiencies of children's rights mainstreaming, and speculating on its capacity to successfully promote the needs of young people in EU laws and policies in the future.
The facsimile-edition of the Cologne manuscript of Justinian's Institutes and the Glossa Coloniensis
Authors: Feenstra Robert 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the commentary preceding the facsimile the main issues are date and provenance of the marginal glosses and of some additional pieces at the beginning and the end (Glossa Coloniensis). The editors mainly follow Charles M. Radding and Antonio Ciarelli, seeking the origins in a centre of Lombard law (Pavia) about 1125. This opinion was strongly criticized by the late André Gouron, preferring (Northern) French, English or German origins about 1170. The author suggests Cologne as the place of origin, arguing from the existence there of schools of canon and civil law about 1165–1185 (recalled recently by Peter Landau). He further criticizes the commentary on the development of law studies in Cologne in the 14th and 15th centuries.
Improved power by collapsing rare and common variants based on a data-adaptive forward selection strategy
Authors: Dai Yilin , Guo Ling , Dong Jianping , Jiang Renfang 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have been used successfully to detect associations between common genetic variants and complex diseases, but common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected by these studies explain only 5–10% of disease heritability. Alternatively, the common disease/rare variants hypothesis suggests that complex diseases are often caused by multiple rare variants with moderate to high effects. Under this hypothesis, the analysis of the cumulative effect of rare variants may thus help us discover the missing genetic variations. Collapsing all rare variants across a functional region is currently a popular method to find rare variants that may have a causal effect on certain diseases. However, the power of tests based on collapsing methods is often impaired by misclassification of functional variants. We develop a data-adaptive forward selection procedure that selectively chooses only variants that improve the association signal between functional regions and the disease risk. We apply our strategy to the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 unrelated individuals data with quantitative traits. The type I error rate and the power of different collapsing functions are evaluated. The substantially higher power of the proposed strategy was demonstrated. The new method provides a useful strategy for the association study of sequencing data by taking advantage of the selection of rare variants.
Collapsing-based and kernel-based single-gene analyses applied to Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 mini-exome data
Authors: Li Lun , Zheng Wei , Lee Joon Sang , Zhang Xianghua , Ferguson John , Yan Xiting , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Recently there has been great interest in identifying rare variants associated with common diseases. We apply several collapsing-based and kernel-based single-gene association tests to Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 (GAW17) rare variant association data with unrelated individuals without knowledge of the simulation model. We also implement modified versions of these methods using additional information, such as minor allele frequency (MAF) and functional annotation. For each of four given traits provided in GAW17, we use the Bayesian mixed-effects model to estimate the phenotypic variance explained by the given environmental and genotypic data and to infer an individual-specific genetic effect to use directly in single-gene association tests. After obtaining information on the GAW17 simulation model, we compare the performance of all methods and examine the top genes identified by those methods. We find that collapsing-based methods with weights based on MAFs are sensitive to the “lower MAF, larger effect size” assumption, whereas kernel-based methods are more robust when this assumption is violated. In addition, many false-positive genes identified by multiple methods often contain variants with exactly the same genotype distribution as the causal variants used in the simulation model. When the sample size is much smaller than the number of rare variants, it is more likely that causal and noncausal variants will share the same or similar genotype distribution. This likely contributes to the low power and large number of false-positive results of all methods in detecting causal variants associated with disease in the GAW17 data set.
Family- and population-based designs identify different rare causal variants
Authors: Zhang Xue , He Hua , Ding Lili , Baye Tesfaye M , Kurowski Brad G , Martin Lisa J 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Both family- and population-based samples are used to identify genetic variants associated with phenotypes. Each strategy has demonstrated advantages, but their ability to identify rare variants and genes containing rare variants is unclear. To compare these two study designs in the identification of rare causal variants, we applied various methods to the population- and family-based data simulated by the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 with knowledge of the simulated model. Our results suggest that different variants can be identified by different study designs. Family-based and population-based study designs can be complementary in the identification of rare causal variants and should be considered in future studies.
Identification of genes and variants associated with quantitative traits using Bayesian factor screening
Authors: Pradhan Kith , Yoon Seungtai Chris , Wang Tao , Ye Kenny 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
We propose a factor-screening method based on a Bayesian model selection framework and apply it to Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 simulated data with unrelated individuals to identify genes and SNP variants associated with the quantitative trait Q1. A Metropolis-Hasting algorithm is implemented to generate a posterior distribution in a restricted model space and thus the marginal posterior distribution of each variant. Our framework provides flexibility to make inferences on either individual variants or genes. We obtained results for 10 simulated data sets. Our methods are able to identify FTP1 and KDR, two genes that are associated with Q1 in a majority of replicates.
Evaluating methods for combining rare variant data in pathway-based tests of genetic association
Authors: Petersen Ashley , Sitarik Alexandra , Luedtke Alexander , Powers Scott , Bekmetjev Airat , Tintle Nathan L 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Analyzing sets of genes in genome-wide association studies is a relatively new approach that aims to capitalize on biological knowledge about the interactions of genes in biological pathways. This approach, called pathway analysis or gene set analysis, has not yet been applied to the analysis of rare variants. Applying pathway analysis to rare variants offers two competing approaches. In the first approach rare variant statistics are used to generate p-values for each gene (e.g., combined multivariate collapsing [CMC] or weighted-sum [WS]) and the gene-level p-values are combined using standard pathway analysis methods (e.g., gene set enrichment analysis or Fisher’s combined probability method). In the second approach, rare variant methods (e.g., CMC and WS) are applied directly to sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) representing all SNPs within genes in a pathway. In this paper we use simulated phenotype and real next-generation sequencing data from Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 to analyze sets of rare variants using these two competing approaches. The initial results suggest substantial differences in the methods, with Fisher’s combined probability method and the direct application of the WS method yielding the best power. Evidence suggests that the WS method works well in most situations, although Fisher’s method was more likely to be optimal when the number of causal SNPs in the set was low but the risk of the causal SNPs was high.
Using linkage analysis of large pedigrees to guide association analyses
Authors: Choi Seung-Hoan , Liu Chunyu , Dupuis Josée , Logue Mark W , Jun Gyungah 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
To date, genome-wide association studies have yielded discoveries of common variants that partly explain familial aggregation of diseases and traits. Researchers are now turning their attention to less common variants because the price of sequencing has dropped drastically. However, because sequencing of the whole genome in large samples is costly, great care must be taken to prioritize which samples and which genomic regions are selected for sequencing. We are interested in identifying genomic regions for deep sequencing using large multiplex families collected as part of earlier linkage studies. We incorporate linkage analysis into our search for Q1-associated alleles. Overall, we found that power was low for both whole-exome and linkage-guided sequencing analysis. By restricting sequencing to regions with high LOD peaks, we found fewer associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms than by using whole-exome sequencing. However, incorporating linkage analysis enabled us to detect more than half of the associated susceptibility loci (52%) that would have been identified by whole-exome sequencing while examining only 2.5% of the exome. This result suggests that incorporating linkage results from large multiplex families might greatly increase the efficiency of sequencing to detect trait-associated alleles in complex disease.
Modified Gap Arthroplasty and Myrhaug's Incision as a Treatment Option in Management of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis: A Study of 10 Cases
Authors: Gupta Shalini , Agarwal Arvind , Ruparelia Brijesh , Kubawat Ajay , Patel Sandeep 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Purpose of the study
The purpose of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of modified gap arthroplasty procedure and modified Myrhaug's preauricular incision for treating bony temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis.

Materials and methods
A total of 10 cases were included in the study with Sawhney's type III and IV TMJ ankylosis. Study consisted of 6 males and 4 females. Three cases were treated for bilateral ankylosis and 7 were treated for unilateral ankylosis. All the patients were treated with modified gap arthroplasty and modified Myrhaug's incision was used. In this modification, osteotomy cuts were modified in such a way that coronoid process was also removed simultaneously along with the osteotomized ankylosed mass in one piece.

Results
All the patients were followed up for 5 years and none of them presented with recurrence. Two patients had transient paresis to zygomatic and temporal branch of facial nerve and none had permanent damage to the nerve. Seven patients had mouth opening more than 25 mm (p) when followed for 5 years. Anterior open bite was seen in 4 patients and deviation of the jaw on ipsilateral side was noted in 2 patients.

Conclusion
Modified gap arthroplasty gave successful results in the follow-up period and eliminated the need of separate coronoidectomy. Use of modified Myrhaug's preauricular approach, provided excellent visibility particularly of the elongated coronoid process, minimized bleeding, prevented damage to the vital anatomical structures surrounding the joint and gave acceptable cosmetic results.

Clinical significance
The modified incision has been found to be reducing intra- and postoperative morbidity as well as provides excellent accessibility. The modified osteotomy technique eliminated the need for separate coronoidectomy thus significantly reducing the operating time.

How to cite this article
Agarwal A, Ruparelia B, Kubawat A, Patel S, Gupta S. Modified Gap Arthroplasty and Myrhaug's Incision as a Treatment Option in Management of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis: A Study of 10 Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(4):295-300.
Multifunctionality of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofiber webs containing titanium dioxide
Authors: Lee Kyung , Lee Seungsin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe prepared titanium dioxide/PVA nanocomposite fiber webs for application in multifunctional textiles by electrospinning. The morphological properties of the TiO2/PVA nanocomposite fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Layered fabric systems with electrospun TiO2 nanocomposite fiber webs were developed using various concentrations of TiO2 and a range of web area densities, and then the UV‐protective properties, antibacterial functions, formaldehyde decomposition ability, and ammonia deodorization efficiency of the fabric systems were assessed. Layered fabric systems with TiO2 nanocomposite fiber webs containing 2 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles at 3.0 g m−2 web area density exhibited an ultraviolet protection factor of greater than 50, indicating excellent UV protection. The same system showed a 99.3% reduction in Staphylococcus aureus. Layered fabric systems with TiO2 nanocomposite fiber webs containing 3 wt % TiO2 nanoparticles at 3.0 g m−2 web area density exhibited a 85.3% reduction in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Titanium dioxide nanocomposite fiber webs containing 3 wt % TiO2 nanoparticles at 3.0 g m−2 web area density exhibited a formaldehyde decomposition efficiency of 40% after 2 h, 60% after 4 h, and 80% after 15 h under UV irradiation. The same system showed an ammonia deodorization efficiency of 32.2% under UV irradiation for 2 h. These results demonstrate that TiO2 nanocomposite fibers can be used to produce advanced textile materials with multifunctional properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012