bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP6ER1, is associated with resistance to imidacloprid in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Bass C. , Carvalho R. A. , Oliphant L. , Puinean A. M. , Field L. M. , Nauen R. , Williamson M. S. , Moores G. , Gorman K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is an economically significant pest of rice throughout Asia and has evolved resistance to many insecticides including the neonicotinoid imidacloprid. The resistance of field populations of N. lugens to imidacloprid has been attributed to enhanced detoxification by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), although, to date, the causative P450(s) has (have) not been identified. In the present study, biochemical assays using the model substrate 7‐ethoxycoumarin showed enhanced P450 activity in several resistant N. lugens field strains when compared with a susceptible reference strain. Thirty three cDNA sequences encoding tentative unique P450s were identified from two recent sequencing projects and by degenerate PCR. The mRNA expression level of 32 of these was examined in susceptible, moderately resistant and highly resistant N. lugens strains using quantitative real‐time PCR. A single P450 gene (CYP6ER1) was highly overexpressed in all resistant strains (up to 40‐fold) and the level of expression observed in the different N. lugens strains was significantly correlated with the resistance phenotype. These results provide strong evidence for a role of CYP6ER1 in the resistance of N. lugens to imidacloprid.
Optimal qualifications, staffing and scope of practice for first responder nurses in disaster
Authors: Yin Huahua , He Haiyan , Arbon Paul , Zhu Jingci , Tan Jing , Zhang Limei 
Published: September 2011

Aims and objectives.  To explore: the selection criteria for first responder nurses during disaster; scope of practice for disaster relief nurses; appropriate nurse – medical practitioner ratio at the disaster site.Background.  Nurses are key members of disaster response medical teams. A scarcity of literature exists relating to nurses attending disasters, their qualifications, experience, scope of practice and appropriate staffing ratios.Design.  Qualitative and quantitative data were collected via survey using self‐developed questionnaires. Participants were 95 medical workers, who participated in emergency rescue teams following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. A response rate of 93·7% achieved.Method.  The questionnaire included questions relating to nurses: previous experience in disaster relief; scope of practice at the disaster site; optimal ratio of medical practitioners to nurses in disaster relief teams.Results.  Following a disaster, first responder nurses considered most suitable were those with at least three years clinical experience, particularly in the emergency department or having emergency rescue skills training. The scope of practice for disaster relief nurses was different to that of nurses working in a hospital. The majority of participants reported insufficient nurses during the relief effort, concluding the optimal ratio of medical practitioner to nurse should range between 1:1–1:2 depending on the task and situation.Conclusion.  At the scene of disaster, the preferred first responder nurses were nurses: with emergency rescue training; experienced in the emergency department; with at least three years clinical experience. The scope of practice for first responder nurses needs to be extended. Appropriate nurse – medical practitioner ratios in responding medical teams is dependant on the specific medical requirements of the disaster.Relevance to clinical practice.  The recommendations made by this study provide a guide to ensure that nurses can contribute effectively as essential members of first responder emergency disaster relief teams.
Active ROP2 GTPase inhibits ABA‐ and CO2‐induced stomatal closure
Authors: HWANG JAE‐UNG , JEON BYEONG WOOK , HONG DAEWOONG , LEE YOUNGSOOK 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTROP GTPases function as molecular switches in diverse cellular processes. Previously, we showed that ROP2 GTPase is activated upon light irradiation, and thereby negatively regulates light‐induced stomatal opening. Here we studied the role of ROP2 during stomatal closure. The expression of a constitutively active form of ROP2 (CA‐rop2) in Arabidopsis thaliana and Vicia faba resulted in slower and reduced stomatal closure in response to abscisic acid (ABA) and CO2. In contrast, the expression of a dominant‐negative form of ROP2 (DN‐rop2) and the knockout mutation of ROP2 (rop2 KO) promoted ABA‐induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. As early as 10 min after ABA treatment, ROP2 was inactivated and translocated to the cytoplasm of the stomatal guard cells. To elucidate the mechanism by which active ROP2 suppresses stomatal closure, we monitored endocytotic membrane trafficking, which is regulated by Rho GTPases in animal cells. We found that the endocytosis of plasma membrane (PM), as tracked by FM4‐64, was lower in CA‐rop2‐expressing guard cells than in those of wild‐type plants, which suggests that active ROP2 suppresses the endocytotic internalization of PM, a process required for stomatal closure. Together, our results suggest that ROP2 is inactivated by ABA, and that this inactivation is required for the timely stomatal closure.
Chromoblastomycosis presenting as a phagedenic ulcer on the face
Authors: Naveen Kikkeri N. , Shetty Praveen C. , Naik Ashok S. , Pai Varadraj V. , Hanumanthayya Keloji , Udupishastry Dinesh 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection which presents as a small ulcer, plaques, papulonodular lesion to cauliflower‐like warty masses and cicatricial forms. The disease is relatively uncommon, with only a few published case report.Methods  A 35‐year‐old female presented with phagedenic ulcer on the face since 15 years. Examination identified a plaque with central perforation on the right side of the face with crusting and oozing and a scar at the periphery with visible underlying turbinates. A biopsy was done and sent for histopathologic examination and culture. Treatment was started with oral fluconazole, 150 mg daily orally, suspecting subcutaneous fungal infection.Results  Biopsy revealed branched, septate, brown‐colored dematiaceous hypae in the dermis indicating chromoblastomycosis. Fungal culture revealed Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Patient responded well to treatment, and still she is on treatment.Conclusions  We believe that this is the first case report of chromoblastomycosis presenting as phagedenic ulcer.
Development of a standardized low‐dose double‐blind placebo‐controlled challenge vehicle for the EuroPrevall project
Authors: Cochrane S. A. , Salt L. J. , Wantling E. , Rogers A. , Coutts J. , Ballmer‐Weber B. K. , Fritsche P. , Fernández‐Rivas M. , Reig I. , Knulst A. , Le T.‐M. , Asero R. , Beyer K. , Golding M. , Crevel R. , Clare Mills E. N. , Mackie A. R. 
Published: September 2011

To cite this article: Cochrane SA, Salt LJ, Wantling E, Rogers A, Coutts J, Ballmer‐Weber BK, Fritsche P, Fernández‐Rivas M, Reig I, Knulst A, Le T‐M, Asero R, Beyer K, Golding M, Crevel R, Clare Mills EN, Mackie AR. Development of a standardized low‐dose double‐blind placebo‐controlled challenge vehicle for the EuroPrevall Project. Allergy 2012; 67: 107–113.AbstractBackground:  Double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) is the gold standard for diagnosing food allergy. Standardized materials and protocols are essential for comparing DBPCFC results for multicentre studies such as EuroPrevall. This required the development and piloting of a standardized vehicle and low‐dose protocol for confirming food allergy and determination of minimum eliciting doses (MEDs).Methods:  A low‐dose DBPCFC protocol was developed, with eight titrated protein doses from 3 μg to 1 g. This was delivered using a simple, microbiologically stable food base incorporating allergenic food ingredients manufactured at three sites and centrally distributed to clinical centres. Allergen blinding was assessed by a professional sensory testing panel using a triangle test. Homogeneity and allergen content were confirmed by ELISA and clinical efficacy was assessed in a pilot study, using celeriac and hazelnut as exemplars.Results:  Celeriac and hazelnut ingredients were sufficiently blinded in the dessert. The dessert meals were successfully piloted with hazelnut in allergy clinics in Spain, the Netherlands and Italy and with celeriac and hazelnut in Zurich. The challenges elicited a range of subjective and objective reactions ranging in severity from mild itching of the oral mucosa to bronchospasm.Conclusions:  A standardized challenge vehicle proven to sufficiently blind processed, powdered hazelnut and celeriac ingredients and that can be reproducibly manufactured has been developed. This pilot study shows that the vehicle is promising for the confirmation of food allergy and determination of MEDs in adults and children with body weight >28.8 kg (approximately 7–11 years old).
Target levels of functional C1‐inhibitor in hereditary angioedema
Authors: Hack C. E. , Relan A. , van Amersfoort E. S. , Cicardi M. 
Published: September 2011

To cite this article: Hack CE, Relan A, van Amersfoort ES, Cicardi M. Target levels of functional C1‐inhibitor in hereditary angioedema. Allergy 2012; 67: 123–130.AbstractBackground:  Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a heterozygous deficiency of first component of complement‐inhibitor (C1INH). Insufficient C1INH activity leads to uncontrolled activation of plasma cascade systems, which results in acute angioedema attacks in patients with HAE. Plasma‐derived or recombinant C1INH products are approved for the treatment of such angioedema attacks. The target level of C1INH activity needed to achieve optimal efficacy, however, remains unknown. We determined the plasma level of C1INH associated with optimal clinical efficacy in the treatment of angioedema attacks.Methods:  Efficacy and pharmacokinetic data were reviewed from recently published placebo‐controlled randomized trials in the treatment of HAE with either plasma‐derived or recombinant C1INH products, tested at various doses.Results:  A dose‐dependent effect was observed on time to the beginning of relief of symptoms, on time to resolution of symptoms, and on the response rate within 4 h. Optimal efficacy of C1INH therapy is achieved at doses ≥50 U/kg. This dose increases plasma C1INH activity in almost all patients to values ≥0.7 U/ml (70% of normal), the lower limit of the normal range. The differences in half‐lives of the various C1INH products do not have an obvious effect on clinical efficacy.Conclusion:  A review of the efficacy and pharmacokinetic data from recently published controlled studies in the treatment of HAE attacks suggests that efficacy of C1INH therapy is optimal when C1INH activity levels are restored to the normal range.
Effect of dietary Rhodobacter capsulatus on lipid fractions and egg‐yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens
Authors: Salma U. , Miah A. G. , Tsujii H. , Schellander K. , Südekum K.‐H. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Rhodobacter capsulatus on lipid fractions and egg‐yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens. Thirty‐six laying hens (30 weeks old) were randomly assigned into two dietary groups fed diets with (0.04%) or without (control) R. capsulatus for a 60‐day feeding trial. Dietary R. capsulatus decreased (p < 0.05) serum and hepatic cholesterol and increased (p < 0.05) the excreta cholesterol, and resultant lower (p < 0.05) cholesterol contents in egg yolk. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and ratio to saturated fatty acids in egg yolk was improved (p < 0.05) by dietary R. capsulatus. The concentration of hepatic bile acid was increased (p < 0.05) and excreta bile acid was decreased (p < 0.01) in the laying hens fed R. capsulatus diet. The incorporation of 1‐14C‐palmitic acid into hepatic lipids and lipid fractions was increased (p < 0.05) in laying hens fed R. capsulatus diet. Moreover, dietary R. capsulatus did not appear to cause any adverse effects on laying hen performances. Therefore, dietary supplementation of R. capsulatus in layer diets may be a feasible means of producing eggs with lower cholesterol and higher PUFA contents for health conscious consumers.
Comparison of clinical findings between histologically confirmed type 1 and type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Song Tae Jun , Kim Ji Hoon , Kim Myung‐Hwan , Jang Ji Woong , Park Do Hyun , Lee Sang Soo , Seo Dong Wan , Lee Sung Koo , Yu Eunsil 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) has been reported mainly in Western countries and is thought to be very rare in Asia. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence, clinical profiles, detailed radiological findings, and steroid responsiveness between type 1 and type 2 AIP in Korea.Methods:  From 120 patients diagnosed with AIP between January 2003 and August 2010, 52 patients with histologically confirmed type 1 (n = 37) or type 2 (n = 15) AIP were included.Results:  The median age of patients with type 2 AIP was significantly lower than that of patients with type 1 AIP (61 vs 34 years, P < 0.05). At initial presentation, severe abdominal pain and presentation with acute pancreatitis were more frequent in patients with type 2 AIP (P < 0.05). On computed tomography scan, the extent of pancreatic enlargement and the frequency of low‐density mass did not differ significantly between the two groups. Detailed pancreatographic findings on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography were not significantly different between the two groups. All patients with steroids therapy improved clinically and radiologically in response (25/25 in type 1 AIP and 14/14 in type 2 AIP). During the follow‐up period, none of the patients with type 2 AIP experienced relapse.Conclusions:  Type 2 AIP in all histologically confirmed AIP cases in Korea may not be as rare as originally thought, with an estimated prevalence rate of 28.8% (15/52). The detailed radiological findings of type 1 and type 2 AIP were not significantly different, and both subtypes responded well to steroids.
Diabetes mellitus correlates with increased risk of pancreatic cancer: A population‐based cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Liao Kuan‐Fu , Lai Shih‐Wei , Li Chia‐Ing , Chen Wen‐Chi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  This study investigated whether diabetes mellitus (DM) increased the risk of pancreatic cancer and whether anti‐diabetic drugs reduced the risk in Taiwan.Methods:  We designed a population‐based cohort study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, which consisted of 49 803 patients aged 20 years and older with newly diagnosed DM as the diabetic group and 199 212 people without DM as the non‐diabetic group during 1998–2007.Results:  The incidence of pancreatic cancer was higher in patients with diabetic duration less than 2 years, as compared to the non‐diabetic group (27.81 vs 6.96 per 10 000 person‐years, 95% confidence interval = 2.11–7.54). Age (aged 40–64, hazard ratio [HR] = 5.22, and aged 65 and older, HR = 7.59, respectively), chronic pancreatitis (HR = 19.40), gallstones (HR = 2.56), and hepatitis C infection (HR = 3.08) were also significant factors predicting pancreatic cancer. Patients with concurrent DM and chronic pancreatitis had an appreciably elevated risk of developing pancreatic cancer (HR = 33.52), as compared with subjects without these comorbidities. The association was not statistically significant between use of anti‐diabetic drugs and the risk of pancreatic cancer.Conclusions:  Diabetes < 2 years' duration is associated with pancreatic cancer and could be an early manifestation of pancreatic cancer. Long‐standing diabetes was not found to be a risk factor for pancreatic cancer in Taiwan's patients. Old age, chronic pancreatitis, gallstones and hepatitis C infection are other risk factors for pancreatic cancer. These high‐risk patients should undergo close follow‐up programs for pancreatic cancer.
Sexually dimorphic distribution of orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern in schizophrenia
Authors: Uehara‐Aoyama Kumi , Nakamura Motoaki , Asami Takeshi , Yoshida Takeshi , Hayano Fumi , Roppongi Tomohide , Fujiwara Akiko , Inoue Tomio , Shenton Martha E. , Hirayasu Yoshio 
Published: September 2011

Aim:  The sulcogyral pattern of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is characterized by a remarkable inter‐individual variability that likely reflects neurobehavioral traits and genetic aspects of neurodevelopment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the OFC sulcogyral pattern of patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy controls (HC) to determine group differences in OFC sulcogyral pattern as well as gender differences between groups.Methods:  Forty‐seven SZ patients (M/F, 23/24) and forty‐seven HC (M/F, 17/30), matched on age and gender, were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging. The sulcogyral pattern was classified into type I, II, or III based on the guidelines set by Chiavaras and Petrides in a previous paper. Chi‐squared analysis was used to investigate group and gender differences in the sulcogyral pattern distribution, and categorical regression was used to explore clinical correlations.Results:  The distribution of OFC sulcogyral pattern in HC replicated the results found in the previous study (left, χ2 = 0.02, P = 0.989; right, χ2 = 0.97, P = 0.616), in that there were no gender differences. Moreover, the distribution in SZ‐M was in accordance with that in the previous study (left, χ2 = 1.59, P = 0.451; right, χ2 = 0.14, P = 0.933). Additionally, within SZ‐M, patients with the type III pattern had a higher total positive and negative syndrome scale score (β = 0.902, F = 14.75, P = 0.001). In contrast, the distribution in the right hemisphere in the SZ‐F group differed significantly from that observed in SZ‐M (χ2 = 6.017, P = 0.046), but did not differ from HC (χ2 = 2.557, P = 0.110).Conclusion:  OFC sulcogyral pattern is altered in SZ‐M but not in SZ‐F, possibly reflecting gender differences in early neurodevelopment.
Tachyphylaxis/tolerance to antidepressants in treatment of dysthymia: Results of a retrospective naturalistic chart review study
Authors: Katz Gregory 
Published: September 2011

Aim:  The main goals of this chart‐review study were to examine the rate of tachyphylaxis during treatment of dysthymia with antidepressants, to compare the incidence of tolerance during trials of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and non‐SSRI and to give descriptive analysis of the cases of tachyphylaxis.Methods:  The retrospective naturalistic chart review study included 52 cases of successfully treated (with different antidepressants) patients suffering from dysthymia. The overall number of the cases of tolerance to antidepressants were registered as well as the rate of these phenomena in the groups treated with SSRI and non‐SSRI.Results:  The cases of tolerance/tachyphylaxis were observed in 12 patients (23% of patients) and in 13 trials (22.4% of trials). All cases of tolerance occurred during monotherapy. No cases of tachyphylaxis were observed in the non‐SSRI group while in the SSRI group, tolerance at some stage of the treatment was detected in 41.9% of the successful cases (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  During the treatment of dysthymia with antidepressants in the SSRI group, tachyphylaxis/tolerance might be observed in a relatively in high proportion of cases.
Heart rate reactivity and current post‐traumatic stress disorder when data are missing
Authors: Jeon‐Slaughter Haekyung , Tucker Phebe , Pfefferbaum Betty , North Carol S. , de Andrade Bernardo Borba , Neas Barbara 
Published: September 2011

Aims:  This study demonstrates that auxiliary and exclusion criteria variables increase the effectiveness of missing imputation in correcting underestimation of physiologic reactivity in relation to post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) caused by deleting cases with missing physiologic data.Methods:  This study used data from survivors of the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing and imputed missing heart rate data using auxiliary and exclusion criteria variables. Logistic regression was used to examine heart rate reactivity in relation to current PTSD.Results:  Of 113 survivors who participated in the bombing study's 7‐year follow‐up interview, 42 (37%) had missing data on heart rate reactivity due to exclusion criteria (medical illness or use of cardiovascular or psychotropic medications) or non‐participation. Logistic regression results based on imputed heart rate data using exclusion criteria and auxiliary (the presence of any current PTSD arousal symptoms) variables showed that survivors with current bombing‐related PTSD had significantly higher heart rates at baseline and recovered more slowly back to baseline heart rate during resting periods than survivors without current PTSD, while results based on complete cases failed to show significant correlations between current PTSD and heart rates at any assessment points.Conclusions:  Suggested methods yielded an otherwise undetectable link between physiology and current PTSD.
Depressive symptoms and other factors associated with poor self‐rated health in the elderly: Gender differences
Authors: Millán‐Calenti José C , Sánchez Alba , Lorenzo Trinidad , Maseda Ana 
Published: September 2011

Aim:  The main objective of this study was to identify determinants of poor self‐rated health. We hypothesized that poor self‐rated health reflects not only health, but also physical, functional, psychological and social factors.Methods:  We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of a representative Spanish population sample of 600 subjects aged 65 years and older. Self‐rated health status was measured and dichotomized into good (excellent and good) and poor (fair and poor). Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine these independent variables modifying poor self‐rated health.Results:  Of the participants, 43.9% perceived their health as poor. Depressive symptoms were a factor that showed the strongest relation to poor self‐rated health (odds ration [OR] 5.06), even when distributed by sex (women, OR 4.70 and men, OR 5.19), followed by the need for caregiver support 24 h a day in both the total population (OR 3.67) and women (OR 3.53), but having a connective tissue disease was the second strongest factor in men (OR 2.07). When depressive symptoms and the need for caregiver support were present, the likelihood for poor self‐rated health was 91.5% in the total population and 94.4% in women. In men, the likelihood reached 78.4% in the presence of depressive symptoms and connective tissue disease.Conclusions:  Self‐rated health is a multidimensional construct, which includes physical, psychological, functional and social variables. To recognize and intervene on the different factors involved, especially depressive symptoms, caregiver support and connective tissue disease, may contribute to improving self‐rated health and ultimately the welfare for this group. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 198–206.