bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Structure–Activity Analysis in Drug Development Illustrated for Active Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase Mimics
Authors: Palivan Cornelia G. , Balasubramanian Vimalkumar , Goodman Bernard A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe analysis of the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of all reported classes of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase mimics (SODm) makes it possible to distinguish the geometric specificity of highly active compounds. A linear relationship with EPR parameters characterises the geometry of the first coordination sphere around the metal, which favours catalytic activity. Combined with the appropriate redox potential values, the model of geometric conformation of highly active Cu/Zn SODm serves to streamline further synthetic efforts. This global analysis represents a new approach to treat all classes of compounds intended for a specific biological activity in order to obtain general features that could orient the process of drug discovery.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis of Prolines by Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides and Alkenes Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphoramidite‐Silver(I) Complexes
Authors: Nájera Carmen , de Gracia Retamosa María , Martín‐Rodríguez María , Sansano José M. , de Cózar Abel , Cossío Fernando P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe endo‐diastereo‐ and enantioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides and electrophilic alkenes is efficiently catalysed by chiral phosphoramidite–silver(I) perchlorate complexes. The reaction allows the presence of different types of substituents in the 1,3‐dipole and can be applied to the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched, highly substituted prolines. This methodology was applied to the total synthesis of the inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Computational studies support a two‐step mechanism predicting exactly the experimental results and the origin of both the diastereo‐ and enantioselections, as well as a reasonable explanation concerning the different reaction rates observed for some substrates.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Studies of New π‐Extended Metalloporphyrins
Authors: Jimenez Angel J. , Jeandon Christophe , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Ruppert Romain 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA doubly fused porphyrin has been synthesized by two successive cyclization reactions. The first meso‐phenyl group was fused by an intramolecular Cadogan reaction leading to an enamine‐functionalized porphyrin. After Vilsmeier–Haack formylation of the nickel enaminoporphyrin, an intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction followed by dehydration of the intermediate alcohol afforded the doubly fused aromatic nickel porphyrin, which could be demetalated. The free base and the copper and palladium porphyrins show extremely high absorbances in the 700–800 nm range. The palladium complex was a good catalyst for the oxidation of cholesterol with singlet oxygen, which makes this chromophore a potential candidate for photodynamic therapy.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Psychological capital: A positive resource for combating employee stress and turnover
Authors: Avey James B. , Luthans Fred , Jensen Susan M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWorkplace stress is a growing concern for human resource managers. Although considerable scholarly and practical attention has been devoted to stress management over the years, the time has come for new perspectives and research. Drawing from the emerging field of positive organizational behavior, this study offers research findings with implications for combating occupational stress. Specifically, data from a large sample of working adults across a variety of industries suggest that psychological capital (the positive resources of efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience) may be key to better understanding the variation in perceived symptoms of stress, as well as intentions to quit and job search behaviors. The article concludes with practical strategies aimed at leveraging and developing employees' psychological capital to help them better cope with workplace stress. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HR managers as toxin handlers: The buffering effect of formalizing toxin handling responsibilities
Authors: Kulik Carol T. , Cregan Christina , Metz Isabel , Brown Michelle 
Published: September 2009

AbstractToxin handlers are organizational members who help colleagues manage negative emotions in the workplace. Although toxin handling activities help distressed employees remain productive, they put the toxin handler at risk of emotional exhaustion. In this research, more than 400 HR managers described their experience managing emotionally charged employee problems. We found that formalizing toxin handling responsibilities provided a buffering effect: HR managers whose organizations had made handling emotionally charged employee problems a formal part of HR responsibilities experienced lower levels of emotional exhaustion and perceived HR as more effective, even when they engaged in high levels of toxin handling. Formalizing toxin handling responsibilities may protect HR managers from harm and ensure that they maintain the toxin handling function in their organizations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
When expatriates explore other options: Retaining talent through greater job embeddedness and repatriation adjustment
Authors: Shen Yan , Hall Douglas T. (Tim) 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper introduces the concept of job embeddedness to research on international assignments to help explain how the processes of expatriation and repatriation might lead to such outcomes as strengthened personorganization fit or career exploration. It develops a model with a related set of theoretical propositions, based on a comprehensive literature review covering international assignments, adult development and career theories, job embeddedness, and career exploration. The paper also presents implications for future research, as well as practical implications for assignment practices and career interventions for organizations trying to retain their valued repatriate talents and, thus, secure a greater return on their investments in talent development. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A meta‐analytic investigation of the relationship between HRM bundles and firm performance
Authors: Subramony Mahesh 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHuman resource management bundles consisting of multiple complementary practices are typically considered superior to individual best practices in influencing firm performance. This study investigates the relationship between three such bundles (empowerment, motivation, and skill‐enhancing) and business outcomes (retention, operating performance, financial performance, and overall performance ratings). A meta‐analysis of 239 effect sizes derived from 65 studies reveals that HRM bundles have significantly larger magnitudes of effects than their constituent individual practices, are positively related to business outcomes, and display effect sizes that are comparable to or larger than those of high‐performance work systems. These findings reaffirm the case for firm‐level investments in synergistic HRM combinations and highlight the importance of investing in complementary practices. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of rising liquid film on surface of horizontal metallic mesh tube
Authors: Mei Ning , He Ming‐zhu , Zhao Jie , Yu Hai‐yan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe formation of a rising liquid film on the surface of a horizontal metallic mesh tube in the presence of a temperature field is investigated. A numerical model is established to study the behavior of the rising liquid film. For thermocapillary flow, the velocity distribution of the liquid film is obtained numerically and the influences of wall temperature, geometry of the metallic mesh, and diameter of the tube on the formation of the rising liquid film are also investigated. The results indicate that the velocity of the rising liquid film is influenced by the diameter of the tube and the gap between the tube and the metallic mesh. The velocity of the rising liquid is obviously promoted due to the influence of thermocapillary flow. An experimental system was developed and comparisons between numerical solution and experimental results were made. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20270
Hydrologic characteristics of Appalachian loose‐dumped spoil in the Cumberland Plateau of eastern Kentucky
Authors: Taylor Timothy J. , Agouridis Carmen T. , Warner Richard C. , Barton Christopher D. , Angel Patrick N. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHeavily compacted lands, typical of traditional surface mine reclamation techniques, have been shown to hinder tree growth, increase levels of flooding, and produce suboptimal water quality. Utilizing loose‐dumped spoil, in accordance with the Forestry Reclamation Approach (FRA), has demonstrated success with regards to promoting tree growth and survival; however, additional information is needed to assess the potential of FRA to ameliorate other environmental concerns related to water quantity. To better understand the hydrologic characteristics of loose‐dumped spoil, key hydrograph parameters (discharge volume, peak discharge, discharge duration, lag time, and response time) were monitored for three common spoil types: (1) predominately brown weathered sandstone, (2) predominately gray weathered sandstone, and (3) a mixture of both sandstones and shale. Although spoil types were found to differ hydrologically, these differences were relatively minor. Measured discharge volumes were low (averaging 12% of rainfall for all events and treatments), peak discharge rates were small (between 2·5 × 10−5 and 3 × 10−3 m3/s), and the duration of discharge was long (6 days on average). From a hydrologic perspective, the results of this study indicate that mine spoils need not be segregated for reclamation as long as the spoil is placed in accordance with the loose‐dumped techniques as outlined in the FRA. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mitochondrial citrate carrier: Metabolic role and regulation of its activity and expression
Authors: Gnoni Gabriele V. , Priore Paola , Geelen Math J. H. , Siculella Luisa 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe citrate carrier (CiC), a nuclear‐encoded protein located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, is a member of the mitochondrial carrier family. CiC plays an important role in hepatic lipogenesis, which is responsible for the efflux of acetyl‐CoA from the mitochondria to the cytosol in the form of citrate, the primer for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. In addition, CiC is a key component of the isocitrate–oxoglutarate and the citrate–malate shuttles. CiC has been purified from various species and its reconstituted function characterized as well as its cDNA isolated and sequenced. CiC mRNA and/or CiC protein levels are high in liver, pancreas, and kidney, but are low or absent in brain, heart, skeletal muscle, placenta, and lungs. A reduction of CiC activity was found in diabetic, hypothyroid, starved rats, and in rats fed on a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)‐enriched diet. Molecular analysis suggested that the regulation of CiC activity occurs mainly through transcriptional and post‐transcriptional mechanisms. This review begins with an assessment of the current understanding of CiC structural and biochemical characteristics, underlying the structure–function relationship. Emphasis will be placed on the molecular basis of the regulation of CiC activity in coordination with fatty acid synthesis. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(10): 987–994, 2009.
Can resveratrol extend your life?
Authors: Azzi Angelo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIs There An Answer? is intended to serve as a forum in which readers to IUBMB Life may pose questions of the type that intrigue biochemists but for which there may be no obvious answer or one may be available but not widely known or easily accessible. Readers are invited to e‐mail ascenzi@uniroma3.it if they have questions to contribute or if they can provide answers to questions that are provided here from time to time. In the latter case, instructions will be sent to interested readers. Answers should be, whenever possible, evidence‐based and provide relevant references.Paolo Ascenzi
Androgen receptor and caveolin‐1 in prostate cancer
Authors: Bennett Nigel , Hooper John D. , Lee C. Soon , Gobe Glenda C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFlow diagram of androgen, androgen receptor and caveolin‐1 activity. See Androgen Receptor and Caveolin‐1 in Prostate Cancer by Bennett et al., pp. 961–970.
Dating and forecasting turning points by Bayesian clustering with dynamic structure: a suggestion with an application to Austrian data
Authors: Kaufmann Sylvia 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe information contained in a large panel dataset is used to date historical turning points and to forecast future ones. We estimate groups of series with similar time series dynamics and link the groups with a dynamic structure. The dynamic structure identifies a group of leading and a group of coincident series. Robust results across data vintages are obtained when series‐specific information is incorporated in the design of the prior group probability distribution. The forecast evaluation confirms that the Markov switching panel with dynamic structure performs well when compared to other specifications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dichotomous‐choice contingent valuation with ‘dont know’ responses and misreporting
Authors: Balcombe Kelvin , Fraser Iain 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA new approach is presented that simultaneously deals with Misreporting and Don't Know (DK) responses within a dichotomous‐choice contingent valuation framework. Utilising a modification of the standard Bayesian Probit framework, a Gibbs with Metropolis–Hastings algorithm is used to estimate the posterior densities for the parameters of interest. Several model specifications are applied to two contingent valuation datasets: one on wolf management plans, and one on the US Fee Demonstration Program. We find that DKs are more likely to be from people who would be predicted to have positive utility for the bid. Therefore, a DK is more likely to be a YES than a NO. We also find evidence of misreporting, primarily in favour of the NO option. The inclusion of DK responses has an unpredictable impact on willingness‐to‐pay estimates, since it impacts differently on the results for the two datasets we examine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Value of quantitative MRI biomarkers (Evans' index, aqueductal flow rate, and apparent diffusion coefficient) in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Ng Samuel E.S. , Low Angela M.S. , Tang Kok Kee , Chan Y.H. , Kwok Robert K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPurposeTo define the value of Evans' index (EI), aqueductal flow rate (FR), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and to assess the ability of these markers preoperatively to predict shunt response. To shed some light as to the mechanisms responsible for the symptoms of NPH.Materials and MethodsPreoperative EI, FR, and ADC readings in nine cases of clinically diagnosed NPH were compared with those of age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Similar pre‐ and postoperative readings of responders and nonresponders were subsequently compared.ResultsCompared with the controls, all measurements were statistically significant except for peak systolic flow rate (pSfr), which was near statistical significance. Comparison of pre‐ and postoperative readings of responders and nonresponders revealed a decrease in ADC in all responders (P = 0.032). Subdural hemorrhage was found in all nonresponders (P = 0.012).ConclusionFor patients presenting with signs and symptoms of NPH, readings on MRI greater than 0.3, 10 mL/min, −9.0 mL/min, and 10.65 × 10−4 mm2/s for EI, peak diastolic flow rate (pDfr), pSfr, and ADC, respectively, add further weight to the diagnosis. The strong correlation between shunt response and ADC decline support our hypothesis that water accumulation in the cerebrum is the major cause for the symptoms of NPH. The presence of subdural hemorrhage in all nonresponders raises suspicion of decreased compliance as the other major cause. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:708–715. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3.0‐T MR‐guided focused ultrasound for preoperative localization of nonpalpable breast lesions: An initial experimental ex vivo study
Authors: Schmitz Annemarie C. , van den Bosch Maurice A.A.J. , Rieke Viola , Dirbas Frederick M. , Butts Pauly Kim , Mali Willem P.Th.M. , Daniel Bruce L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPurposeTo compare the accuracy of magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) with MR‐guided needle‐wire placement (MRgNW) for the preoperative localization of nonpalpable breast lesions.Materials and MethodsIn this experimental ex vivo study, 15 turkey breasts were used. In each breast phantom an artificial nonpalpable “tumor” was created by injecting an aqueous gel containing gadolinium. MRgFUS (n = 7) was performed with the ExAblate 2000 system (InSightec). With MRgFUS the ablated tissue changes in color and increases in stiffness. A rim of palpable and visible ablations was created around the tumor to localize the tumor and facilitate excision. MRgNW (n = 8) was performed by MR‐guided placement of an MR‐compatible needle‐wire centrally in the tumor. After surgical excision of the tumor, MR images were used to evaluate tumor‐free margins (negative/positive), minimum tumor‐free margin (mm), and excised tissue volume (cm3).ResultsWith MRgFUS localization no positive margins were found after excision (0%). With MRgNW two excision specimens (25%) had positive margins (P = 0.48). Mean minimum tumor‐free margin (±SD) with MRgFUS was significantly larger (5.5 ± 2.4 mm) than with MRgNW (0.9 ± 1.4 mm) (P < 0.001). Mean volume ± SD of excised tissue did not differ between MRgFUS and MRgNW localization, ie, 44.0 ± 9.4 cm3 and 39.5 ± 10.7 cm3 (P = 0.3).ConclusionThe results of this experimental ex vivo study indicate that MRgFUS can potentially be used to localize nonpalpable breast lesions in vivo. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:884–889. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular magnetic resonance imaging for the differentiation of infectious and degenerative vertebral disorders: Preliminary results
Authors: Bierry Guillaume , Jehl François , Holl Nathalie , Sibilia Jean , Froelich Sébastien , Froehlig Pierre , Dietemann Jean‐Louis , Kremer Stéphane 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate macrophage imaging using the ability of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to differentiate infectious vertebral osteomyelitis and degenerative disk‐related inflammatory endplates. The in vivo demonstration of the different distribution of macrophages in those two disorders may allow a more accurate characterization of vertebral endplate abnormalities than classical extracellular MR changes.Materials and MethodsIn 12 patients with endplate abnormalities (six cases of bacteriologically proven spondylodiscitis, six cases of disk degeneration‐related endplate changes), two MRI sessions were realized: before and 24 hours after injection of SPIO. The signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of endplates were qualitatively and quantitatively compared on pre‐ and post‐SPIO injection T1 and T2‐weighted (T2w) MR images (Wilcoxon signed rank test).ResultsIn the infection group, the SNR of abnormal endplates showed a significant signal loss on T2w MR images (P = 0.03) but not on T1w images (P = 0.46). In the degenerative spine group, no significant signal loss was observed on T1 (P = 0.6) nor on T2w MR images (P = 0.6). Signal loss was only visually observable in abnormal endplate in one patient of the spondylodiscitis group on T2w MR images.ConclusionMRI of the spine with iron oxide injection differentiates infection from aseptic inflammation on quantitative analysis, but the use of SPIO makes direct visual evaluation less satisfactory. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:901–906. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance reveals similar damage to the heart of patients with becker and limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy but no cardiac symptoms
Authors: Yilmaz Ali , Gdynia Hans‐Jürgen , Mahrholdt Heiko , Sechtem Udo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCardiac involvement in patients with a sarcoglycanopathy (limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy) has been described previously; however, this is the first cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) study in such a patient demonstrating an interesting pattern of myocardial damage using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging. Moreover, the wall motion abnormality and the subepicardial pattern of LGE in this patient with a sarcoglycanopathy is in agreement with the findings in another patient with Becker muscular dystrophy. The predominance of LGE in the subepicardial layers of the left ventricular inferolateral wall suggests that such a myocardial damage pattern represents a nonspecific cardiac phenotype in response to exaggerated mechanical stress in this region, at least in patients with a sarcoglycanopathy or dystrophinopathy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:876–877. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI measurement of quantitative cerebral blood flow using corrections for partial volume and nonlinear contrast relaxivity: A xenon computed tomographic comparative study
Authors: Zaharchuk Greg , Bammer Roland , Straka Matus , Newbould Rexford D. , Rosenberg Jarrett , Olivot Jean‐Marc , Mlynash Michael , Lansberg Maarten G. , Schwartz Neil E. , Marks Michael M. , Albers Gregory W. , Moseley Michael E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPurposeTo test whether dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI‐based CBF measurements are improved with arterial input function (AIF) partial volume (PV) and nonlinear contrast relaxivity correction, using a gold‐standard CBF method, xenon computed tomography (xeCT).Materials and MethodsEighteen patients with cerebrovascular disease underwent xeCT and MRI within 36 h. PV was measured as the ratio of the area under the AIF and the venous output function (VOF) concentration curves. A correction was applied to account for the nonlinear relaxivity of bulk blood (BB). Mean CBF was measured with both techniques and regression analyses both within and between patients were performed.ResultsMean xeCT CBF was 43.3 ± 13.7 mL/100g/min (mean ± SD). BB correction decreased CBF by a factor of 4.7 ± 0.4, but did not affect precision. The least‐biased CBF measurement was with BB but without PV correction (45.8 ± 17.2 mL/100 g/min, coefficient of variation [COV] = 32%). Precision improved with PV correction, although absolute CBF was mildly underestimated (34.3 ± 10.8 mL/100 g/min, COV = 27%). Between patients correlation was moderate even with both corrections (R = 0.53).ConclusionCorrections for AIF PV and nonlinear BB relaxivity improve bolus MRI‐based CBF maps. However, there remain challenges given the moderate between‐patient correlation, which limit diagnostic confidence of such measurements in individual patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:743–752. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.