bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haplotype variability in the bovine MITF gene and association with piebaldism in Holstein and Simmental cattle breeds
Authors: Fontanesi L. , Scotti E. , Russo V. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryCandidate gene analysis, quantitative trait locus mapping in outbreed and experimental cross‐populations and a genomewide association study in Holstein have reported that a few chromosome regions contribute to great variability in the degree of white/black spotting in cattle. In particular, an important region affecting this trait was localized on bovine chromosome 22 in the region containing the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) gene. We sequenced a total of 7258 bp of the MITF gene in 40 cattle of different breeds, including 20 animals from spotted breeds (10 Italian Holstein and 10 Italian Simmental) and 20 animals from solid coloured breeds (10 Italian Brown and 10 Reggiana), and identified 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The allele frequencies of one polymorphism (g.32386957A>T) were clearly different between spotted (A = 0.875; T = 0.125) and non‐spotted breeds (A = 0.125; T = 0.875) (P = 8.2E‐12). This result was confirmed by genotyping additional animals of these four breeds (P < 1.0E‐20). A total of 21 different haplotypes were inferred from the sequenced animals. Considering similarities among haplotypes, spotted and non‐spotted groups of cattle showed significant differences in their haplotype distribution (P = 0.001), which was further supported by the analysis of molecular variance (amova) of two genotyped SNPs in an enlarged sample of cattle. Variability in the MITF gene clearly explained the differences between spotted and non‐spotted phenotypes but, at the same time, it is evident that this gene is not the only genetic factor determining piebaldism in Italian Holstein and Italian Simmental cattle breeds.
Four genes located on a SSC2 meat quality QTL region are associated with different meat quality traits in Landrace × Chinese‐European crossbred population
Authors: Čepica S. , Óvilo C. , Masopust M. , Knoll A. , Fernandez A. , Lopez A. , Rohrer G. A. , Nonneman D. 
Published: September 2011

SummarySeveral quantitative trait loci (QTL) for different meat quality traits have been localized on the q arm of porcine chromosome 2 at position 55–78 cM. Association analyses were performed in a commercial Landrace × Chinese‐European (LCE) crossbred population (n = 446) slaughtered at approximately 127 kg and an average age of 198 days with records for performance (growth, fat and meat accretion) and meat quality [intramuscular fat (IMF), Minolta L*, Minolta a*, Minolta b* and pH at 45 m]. Polymorphisms within positional candidate genes cloned from homologous regions on human chromosome 19, ubiquitin‐like 5 (UBL5– AM950288:g.566G>A), resistin (RETN– AM157180:g.1473A>G causing substitution p.Ala36Thr), insulin receptor (INSR– AM950289:g.589T>C) and complement factor D (adipsin) (CFD– AM950287:g. 306C>T) were located at positions 62.1, 64.0, 68.0 and 70.7 cM respectively on the current USDA USMARC map of porcine chromosome 2 and had the following allele frequencies in the LCE: UBL5 566G – 0.57; RETN 1473G – 0.84; INSR 589C – 0.70; and CFD 306C – 0.73. The effects of alleles within the candidate genes on the recorded traits were estimated using an animal model. Significant effects (P < 0.05) were found for pH45 in m. semimembranosus (m. sm.) (UBL5), IMF (RETN) and Minolta L* (RETN, CFD). Differences between phenotypic means of homozygotes at UBL5, RETN and either RETN or CFD explained 0.34 SD for pH45 in m. sm., 0.47 SD for IMF and 0.68 SD for Minolta L* respectively. Suggestive effects (P < 0.10) on IMF (UBL5, CFD), Minolta a* (INSR, CFD) and Minolta b* (INSR) were also observed. Our results support the localization of further QTL for meat quality traits in this region and suggest that there are several genes affecting different meat quality traits.
Knowledge transfer frameworks: an extension incorporating knowledge repositories and knowledge administration
Authors: Jasimuddin Sajjad M , Connell Nigel , Klein Jonathan H 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWhile theories abound concerning knowledge transfer in organisations, little empirical work has been undertaken to assess any possible relationship between repositories of knowledge and those responsible for the use of knowledge. This paper develops a knowledge transfer framework based on an empirical analysis of part of the UK operation of a Fortune 100 corporation, which extends existing knowledge transfer theory. The proposed framework integrates knowledge storage and knowledge administration within a model of effective knowledge transfer. This integrated framework encompasses five components: the actors engaged in the transfer of knowledge, the typology of organisational knowledge that is transferred between the actors, the mechanisms by which the knowledge transfer is carried out, the repositories where explicit knowledge is retained and the knowledge administrator equivalent whose function is to manage and maintain knowledge. The paper concludes that a ‘hybridisation’ of knowledge transfer approach, revealed by the framework, offers some promise in organisational applications.
Understanding post‐adoption IS usage stages: an empirical assessment of self‐service information systems
Authors: Saeed Khawaja Asjad , Abdinnour Sue 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOrganisations have invested in self‐service information systems (IS) to provide a direct interface for service delivery. Enriching the usage of these systems can provide organisations with immense benefits. However, limited research has been directed towards understanding post‐adoption IS usage behaviour in general and specifically in the context of self‐service IS. This study proposes post‐adoption IS usage behaviour as a broader concept constituting feature level usage of IS, integration of IS in the work system and exploration of new uses of IS. We evaluate how the new conceptualisation can be used to classify users at different stages of self‐service IS usage. Further, we examine user perceptions that differentiate among the users situated at different self‐service IS usage stages. Data were collected in the context of a self‐service Web‐based IS to validate the post‐adoption IS usage constructs and to examine the proposed thesis. The newly developed conceptual structure and measures for post‐adoption IS usage behaviour exhibit strong psychometric properties. The analysis shows three distinct post‐adoption IS usage stages and highlights that usefulness, user‐initiated learning, ease of use, satisfaction and voluntariness of use differentiate users at the different stages of post‐adoption IS usage. The results show that these variables aggregate into value confirmation and learning orientation as two higher‐level concepts. Further, we evaluate the predictive efficacy of the research model in classifying users into different post‐adoption self‐service IS usage stages. Implications are drawn for future research.
A cost–utility analysis of medium vs. high‐fidelity human patient simulation manikins in nursing education
Authors: Lapkin Samuel , Levett‐Jones Tracy 
Published: September 2011

Aims and objectives.  This study presents a cost–utility analysis that compared medium‐ vs. high‐fidelity human patient simulation manikins in nursing education. The analysis sought to determine whether the extra costs associated with high‐fidelity manikins can justify the differences, if any, in the outcomes of clinical reasoning, knowledge acquisition and student satisfaction.Background.  Investment in simulated learning environments has increased at an unprecedented pace. One of the driving forces is the potential for simulation experiences to improve students’ learning and engagement. A cost‐effectiveness analysis is needed to inform decisions related to investment in and use of simulation equipment.Method.  Costs associated with the use of medium‐ and high‐fidelity manikins were calculated to determine the total cost for each. A cost‐utility analysis using multiattribute utility function was then conducted to combine costs and three outcomes of clinical reasoning, knowledge acquisition and student satisfaction from a quasi‐experimental study to arrive at an overall cost utility.Results.  The cost analysis indicated that to obtain equivalent clinical reasoning, knowledge acquisition and student satisfaction scores, it required $AU1·21 (US$ 1·14; €0·85) using medium‐fidelity as compared with $AU6·28 (US$6·17; €4·40) for high‐fidelity human patient simulation manikins per student.Conclusion.  Based on the results of the cost‐utility analysis, medium‐fidelity manikins are more cost effective requiring one‐fifth of the cost of high‐fidelity manikins to obtain the same effect on clinical reasoning, knowledge acquisition and student satisfaction.Relevance to clinical practice.  It is important that decision‐makers have an economic analysis that considers both the costs and outcomes of simulation to identify the approach that has the lowest cost for any particular outcome measure or the best outcomes for a particular cost.
The use of a real‐time PCR primer/probe set to observe infectivity of Yersinia ruckeri in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), and steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)
Authors: Glenn R A , Taylor P W , Hanson K C 
Published: September 2011

AbstractYersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM), a common pathogen affecting aquaculture facilities and implicated in large losses of cultured fish. Fisheries scientists continue to gain a greater understanding of the disease and the pathogen by investigating methods of identification and pre‐ and post‐infection treatment. In this study, a real‐time PCR probe set for Y. ruckeri was developed to detect daily changes in the bacterial load during pathogen challenges. Two species of fish, Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were exposed to two strains of Y. ruckeri (Hag and SC) during bath challenges. A subset of fish was killed daily for 14 days, and the kidney tissue was biopsied to enumerate copies of pathogen DNA per gram of tissue. While Chinook exposed to either the Hag or SC strains exhibited similar pathogen loads, those exposed to the Hag strain displayed higher mortality (∼66%) than fish exposed to the SC strain (∼24% mortality). Steelhead exposed to the Hag strain exhibited a greater pathogen load and higher mortality (∼42%) than those exposed to the SC strain (<1% mortality). Steelhead challenged with either strain showed lower pathogen loads than Chinook. The study illustrates the efficacy of the probe set to enumerate Y. ruckeri bacterial growth in the kidneys of fish. Also, strains of Y. ruckeri display species‐specific growth patterns that result in differential mortality and pathogen load.
Single‐shot, simultaneous incoherent and holographic microscopy
Authors: SHAFFER E. , PAVILLON N. , DEPEURSINGE C. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryIn this work, we demonstrate single‐shot, simultaneous recording and subsequent retrieval of one incoherent and two holographic (intensity and phase) images from the same camera frame. Demultiplexing of incoherent and holographic signals in the spatial frequency domain is made possible by carrier frequency modulation and spatial oversampling intrinsic to the off‐axis digital holographic configuration. In particular, we show applications to combined fluorescence and digital holographic microscopy, as well as combined bright field and holographic second harmonic generation microscopy.
Aptitude‐based assignment of nurses to depressed patients
Authors: HASPESLAGH M. , EECKLOO K. , DELESIE L. B. 
Published: September 2011

Accessible summary
The study investigated the relationships between psychiatric nurse aptitudes and outcomes of depressive patients in residential psychiatric care. Upon admission, it is common practise for one nurse to be assigned to a patient for the entire hospital stay.
Nurses differ individually. Depending on their professional rank (novice, proficient, master), nurses rely on other components of aptitude to care for their patients.
Depending on a nurse's professional rank, other relationships exists between specific nurse aptitudes and certain changes in a patient's depressive feelings. Novice nurses should be assigned to patients that suffer more from performance impairment than negative attitudes towards self, whereas master nurses should be assigned to patients that suffer more from negative attitudes towards self than performance impairment.
As a patient recovers, depressive feelings can change (e.g. switching from performance impairment to negative attitudes towards self). Our results suggest that nursing assignments should change in line with the dominant type of dysfunction displayed by the patient. This recommendation differs with current practises of assigning the same nurse to a patient for the entire hospital stay.
AbstractIn psychiatric units, head nurses face the daily challenge of assigning nurses to patients. The ‘match’ between a patient and a nurse is not always optimal. This can hinder the therapeutic relationship. Aptitude is an important component of competence, especially for psychiatric nurses involved in therapeutic relationships. In this study, we undertook explorative research to investigate possible relationships between nurse aptitudes and outcomes in depressed patients. We found statistically significant relationships between specific nurse aptitudes, along professional rank, and particular patient outcomes. During the hospital stay, patients' depressive feelings change as they recover. Our results indicate that, as a patient's depressive feelings change, another type of nurse, one with an aptitude that supports the patient's current needs, should be assigned to care for that patient. This suggestion is at odds with current practises of assigning a patient to one nurse for the entire hospital stay.
Hopelessness and social comparison in Turkish adolescent with visual impairment
Authors: EROL S. , ERGUN A. 
Published: September 2011

Accessible summary
There are few studies reported in the literature on the psychosocial health of adolescents with visual impairment. The results of this study will be a beneficial addition to the literature about the visually impaired and programmes that will be prepared.
Despite the studies in the literature show a relationship between many psychosocial problems with social comparison and hopelessness, no research has yet examined the relationship between hopelessness and social comparison.
In this study, we found a weak relationship between social comparison and hopelessness. The hopeless adolescents' social comparison scores were found lower than hopeful ones' scores.
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine visually impaired adolescents' level of hopelessness and how they perceive of themselves socially compared to other individuals. Another purpose of this study was to look for relationships between hopelessness and social comparison in adolescents with visual impairment. The research population was comprised of 130 students at a secondary school for the visually impaired in Istanbul, Turkey. Our study demonstrated a weak relationship between social comparison and hopelessness (r=−0.46, P < 0.000). The mean hopelessness score for the adolescents with visual impairment was 4.59 ± 3.12 (girls: 4.23 ± 3.10; boys: 4.83 ± 3.11) and social comparison score was 87.50 ± 11.19 (girls: 88.67 ± 11.62; boys: 86.60 ± 10.85). Hopelessness and social comparison were not affected by being blind from birth compared to later or from being a full‐time boarding student compared to being a day student. The hopeless (Beck Hopelessness Scale score ≥ 9) adolescents' social comparison scores were found lower than hopeful ones' scores (P < 000). Factors affecting hopelessness and social comparison were feelings about their father, teacher and school.
Monitoring and documentation of side effects from depot antipsychotic medication: an interdisciplinary audit of practice in a regional mental health service
Authors: CLEARY A. , WALSH F. , CONNOLLY H. , HAYS V. , OLUWOLE B. , MACKEN E. , DOWLING M. 
Published: September 2011

Accessible summary
The aim of this audit was to review current practice within a rural mental health service area on the monitoring and documentation of side effects of antipsychotic depot medication. While many aspects of the audit highlighted deficiencies in the monitoring and recording of side effects of depot antipsychotic medication, some other areas of practice revealed encouraging results.
The audit highlighted the need for improved clinical documentation and the need for a consistent approach to the assessment of side effects and movement disorders using valid and reliable assessment scales and the need for adequate information for service users and their carers. The need to gain service users' consent has also been highlighted. However, the audit did not address consumer insight into their illness which would impact on the giving of consent and adherence to medication and is worthy of exploration in future audit. In addition, the gap in prescribing and medical reviews requires addressing.
A recommendation from the audit is the need to introduce simple checklists. The Glasgow Antipsychotic Side Effects Scale, which takes only 5 min to complete and is available freely in the public domain for use, has been chosen for adoption in the service area. Another simple scale, the Simpson Angus Scale, will also be introduced to assess movement disorders.
Collaborative practice with feedback from service users is essential in service improvement and care delivery. This approach will be formally incorporated into future care delivery in the service area.
AbstractThis audit reviewed current practice within a rural mental health service area on the monitoring and documentation of side effects of antipsychotic depot medication. A sample of 60 case files, care plans and prescriptions were audited, which is 31% of the total number of service users receiving depot injections in the mental health service region (n= 181). The sample audited had a range of diagnoses, including: schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar affective disorder, depression, alcoholic hallucinosis and autism. The audit results revealed that most service users had an annual documented medical review and a documented prescription. However, only five (8%) case notes examined had documentation recorded describing the condition of the injection site, and alternation of the injection site was recorded in only 28 (47%) case notes. No case notes examined had written consent to commence treatment recorded. In 57 (95%) of case notes, no documentation of recorded information on the depot and on side effects was given. The failure to monitor and record some blood tests was partly attributed to a lack of clarity regarding whose responsibility it was. A standardized checklist has been developed as a result of the audit and this will be introduced by all teams across the service.
Prevalence and severity of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a population‐based study on very elderly Finns (Vantaa 85+)
Authors: Tanskanen M. , Mäkelä M. , Myllykangas L. , Notkola I.‐L. , Polvikoski T. , Sulkava R. , Kalimo H. , Paetau A. 
Published: September 2011

M. Tanskanen, M. Mäkelä, L. Myllykangas, I.‐L. Notkola, T. Polvikoski, R. Sulkava, H. Kalimo and A. Paetau (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 329–336Prevalence and severity of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a population‐based study on very elderly Finns (Vantaa 85+)Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is frequent in patients with Alzheimer's disease while its prevalence in different populations is variable. We investigated the prevalence and severity of CAA in a very elderly Finnish population. Methods: Neuropathological investigation was performed on 306 subjects from the population‐based Vantaa 85+ Study (253 women, 53 men, mean age at death 92.3 years). The presence of CAA was analysed in six brain regions by using Congo red and immunohistochemistry with an antibody against amyloid beta peptide. The severity of CAA was assessed by counting the percentage of the CAA‐positive blood vessels. Results: In total, 69.6% of the participants (170 women, 43 men) had CAA, with median severity of 1.0%, inter‐quartile range (IQR) 0–5.4% and range 0–72.7%. CAA was more prevalent (81.1% vs. 67.2%; P = 0.046) and severe (median 2.7%, IQR 0.4–7.5%, range 0–72.7%) in the men than in the women (median 1.0%, IQR 0–4.6%, range 0–52.8%; P = 0.004). Parietal lobe showed the highest prevalence (57.8%) whereas the severity was highest (median 1.0%, IQR 0–6.0%, range 0–77%) in the frontal lobe. Prevalence of CAA in the six regions was variable, but the severity indices between those regions correlated highly (P < 0.001 for all regions). Meningeal CAA was more prevalent (69.5%) than cortical (59.3%; P < 0.001). Conclusion: CAA was highly prevalent, albeit mild, in the very old. The prevalence and severity of CAA were found to be highest in the frontal and parietal lobes respectively – independent of the staining method used (Congo red or amyloid beta peptide).
Latex Agglutination Test Based on Single‐Chain Fv Recombinant Antibody Fragment
Authors: Golchin M. , Khalili‐Yazdi A. , Karamouzian M. , Abareghi A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRecombinant antibodies have been proposed as invaluable tools for various therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Here, we describe the development of a novel latex agglutination test (LAT) using single‐chain Fv recombinant antibody fragment for the detection of K99+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains. For the production of a single‐chain Fv antibody fragment (scFv) against the major colonization factor (FanC) of K99 antigen, the scFv gene was integrated into a bacterial expression vector under the control of T7 promoter. After high‐level expression of soluble scFv (approximately 50 mg/l) in flask cultivation of E. coli DE3 and purification, scFv was immobilized on different latex particles, and then, these sensitized beads were used in LAT. Results obtained with our latex reagents revealed that the recombinant antibody–coated particles were able to give a good agglutination signal with purified antigen, intact cells displaying this protein and clinical specimens. The strength of agglutination of scFv‐coated beads for antigen was comparable to that of polyclonal anti‐K99–coated particles. However, the assay proved to be simple and rapid, similar to conventional LATs, and owing to more convenient and economical production of recombinant antibodies, they can be considered as a useful reagent for replacing monoclonal antibodies in LATs.