bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio
Authors: FANG X. , LIU X. , LIU W. , LU C. 
Published: September 2011

Fang, X., Liu, X., Liu, W., Lu, C. Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 397–401.The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (EF) was investigated after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) in 300 healthy allogynogenetic silver crucian carp at 24–26 °C. The plasma concentrations of EF and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CF) were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. After i.v. administration, the plasma concentration–time data were described by an open two‐compartment model. The elimination half‐life (T1/2β), area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) and total body clearance of EF were 63.5 h, 239.6 μg·h/mL and 0.04 L/h/kg, respectively. Following p.o. administration, the plasma concentration–time data showed a double peak–shaped curve, indicating the possibility of enterohepatic recirculation of EF in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), T1/2β and AUC of EF were 4.5 μg/mL, 62.7 h and 205.9 μg·h/mL, respectively. Absorption of EF was very good with a bioavailability (F) of 86%, which could be correlated with the unique structure of the alimentary canal in allogynogenetic silver crucian. CF, an active metabolite of EF, was not detected in this study.
New insight in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders: association between genetics and colonic transit
Authors: Wouters M. M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGenome wide association studies and meta‐analyses identified risk factors related to epithelial integrity of the intestinal barrier, innate immune responses and autophagy in inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD) and celiac disease. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), coexists and shares common, although milder, features with IBD and celiac disease. Although our knowledge on genetic variability in IBS symptom generation is very limited, smaller scale studies attempt to provide insight in the mechanisms underlying IBS. Camilleri et al. identified associations for susceptibility loci in inflammatory and epithelial barrier genes with colonic transit in lower FGID. Their report is the first descriptive study to assess potential genetic factors involved in motor function. Further exploration of genetic variation in IBS will be crucial to unravel its’ pathogenesis.
Clinical study of twenty‐nail dystrophy in Korea
Authors: Lee Young Bok , Cheon Min Seok , Park Hyun Jeong , Cho Baik Kee 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  Twenty‐nail dystrophy (TND) is an idiopathic and non‐congenital nail dystrophy that is characterized by excess longitudinal ridges and loss of luster in multiple nail plates. There are a few studies on TND.Materials and methods  In order to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with TND in Korea, a retrospective study was performed. Eighty‐eight patients were diagnosed with TND from February 1, 2003, to April 30, 2010.Results  In this study, morphology of TND was clinically divided as atrophic, hypertrophic, pitting dominant, shallow fissure‐dominant, and deep fissure‐dominant types. The patients consisted of 33 males and 55 females. The proportions of subtype and gender predominance showed differences between the child–adolescent‐onset TND (20 cases) and the adult‐onset TND (68 cases).Conclusion  The clinical data of this study contribute to our understanding of TND.
Food web structure within kelp holdfasts (Laminaria): a stable isotope study
Authors: Schaal Gauthier , Riera Pascal , Leroux Cédric 
Published: September 2011

AbstractKelp holdfasts are highly reticulated structures which host a large diversity of small fauna. These microhabitats have been reported to play a crucial role in the biodiversity associated to kelp forest ecosystems. This study aimed at identifying trophic links and the main food sources sustaining food webs within communities associated with kelp holdfasts, through a stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) approach. Sampling of the main invertebrates inhabiting Laminaria digitata holdfasts, and of their potential food sources, took place in February and May 2007. Stable isotope results reveal that most of the primary consumers, including filter‐feeders and deposit‐feeders, rely on the particulate organic matter sedimented within kelp holdfasts. Only three grazers departed from this general pattern. The correspondence between the stable isotope ratios of predators and sediment consumers indicated that this source is at the base of the main pathway through which energy and matter transit in the food web. δ15N ranges found for consumers revealed that the food web associated with kelp holdfasts is composed of 3.5 levels. In spite of the low diversity of food sources at the base of the food web, these microhabitats can therefore be considered micro‐scale ecosystems, from a functional perspective.
Laparoscopic promontofixation for pelvic organ prolapse: A 10‐year single center experience in a series of 501 patients
Authors: Bacle Julien , Papatsoris Athanasios G , Bigot Pierre , Azzouzi Abdel‐Rahmene , Brychaet Pierre‐Emmanuel , Piussan Jean , Mandron Eric 
Published: September 2011

Objectives:  To assess the long‐term outcomes of laparoscopic promontofixation (LP) for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP).Methods:  A total of 501 consecutive patients with POP were included in this prospective study. The patients' mean age was 63.23 (36–90) years, their mean body mass index was 25.14 (15–36) and their mean number of deliveries was 3.3 (0–14). A POP grade ≥3 was diagnosed in 70.4% of the patients and 38.9% of them had a history of abdominal surgery. The patients underwent a Bonney test and urodynamic study. In cases of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), the patients underwent the simultaneous insertion of a tension‐free vaginal tape. A prolapse quality of life questionnaire was sent to all patients.Results:  The mean operative time was 97.4 min (50–210) and there were 1.7% cases of intra‐operative complications. The mean hospitalization time was 3.7 days (1–13 days). During the mean follow‐up of 20.7 months (3–120), 91 (17.8%) complications were recorded, including constipation (5.5%), SUI (3.5%), vaginal erosion (2.4%), and urge incontinence (2%). Recurrences were recorded in 11.5% of the patients within an average time of 37.2 months. Risk factors for recurrence were the use of the polypropylene mesh compared with the polyester mesh (P < 0.0001), an intra‐operative hysterectomy (P = 0.02), and bleeding (P = 0.049). There was a statistical significant (P < 0.001) improvement in most of the symptoms in the prolapse quality of life questionnaire.Conclusions:  LP is safe with effective long‐term results, with low recurrence and morbidity rates, and a good quality of life.
Local and landscape determinants of pollen beetle abundance in overwintering habitats
Authors: Rusch Adrien , Valantin‐Morison Muriel , Roger‐Estrade Jean , Sarthou Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2011

The development of integrated pest management strategies requires that the semi‐natural habitats scattered across the landscape are taken into account. Particular determinants of insect pest abundance in overwintering habitats just before they migrate onto crops appear to be poorly known and of crucial importance for understanding patterns of crop colonization and pest population dynamics at the landscape scale.
The emergence of pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus F. was studied in grassland, woodland edge and woodland interior over a 3‐year survey in France using macro‐emergence traps. A suite of variables at the local and the landscape scale was assessed for each trap, aiming to identify potential relevant habitat indicators. The effects of habitat characteristics were evaluated using partial least square regressions.
It was found that M. aeneus can overwinter in all types of habitat but that particular habitat characteristics at the local and landscape scales may explain their abundance in overwintering sites more than the types of habitat: relative altitude, litter thickness, soil moisture and proximity to the previous year's oilseed rape fields appear to be positively correlated with abundance of adults over the 3 years.
Hence, the abundance of emerged pollen beetles depends on both the landscape configuration of the previous year's oilseed rape fields around overwintering sites and local habitat characteristics. Landscape configuration may determine population flow towards overwintering sites in the late summer, and local habitat characteristics may influence survival rates during the winter. The findings of the present study provide valuable insight into the role of semi‐natural habitats as a source of pests, patterns of crop colonization in the spring, and the influence of landscape on pollen beetle abundance.
Parasitoids of the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and prospects for enhancing biological control with nectar plants
Authors: Gurr Geoff M. , Read Donna M. Y. , Catindig Josie Lynn A. , Cheng Jiuan , Liu Jian , Lan La Pham , Heong Kong Luen 
Published: September 2011

The rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a serious rice pest in Asia. The conspicuous foliar damage caused by C. medinalis larvae leads to early‐season insecticide applications that disrupt the biological control of this and other pest species.
Despite the often dramatic impact of C. medinalis, rice plants can tolerate severe defoliation with no impact on grain yield, although persuading farmers to withhold insecticide application has proven very difficult.
The present review assesses the prevention of damage caused by C. medinalis via biological control using parasitoids. Information on the indigenous parasitoids of C. medinalis is drawn together for the first time from the non‐English literature published in Asia. This is integrated with the wider English language literature to provide a comprehensive analysis of the parasitoid fauna.
Survey studies have been conducted in many Asian countries in recent decades, showing that parasitoids of rice pests can achieve high rates of parasitism but are far from consistent as a mortality factor. There is much less work available on the biology of leaffolder parasitoids in rice and there is an unexpected dearth of studies regarding increasing their performance by providing nectar sources, which is a widely explored approach for other crop systems.
It is concluded that the recently reported work in which nectar plants are established on rice bunds to support planthopper parasitoids may have significant benefit for leaffolder parasitoids. The use of plant species, however, that are selective in not allowing adult moths to feed will be essential.
Intraocular signet‐ring cell melanoma in a hamster (Cricetulus griseus)
Authors: Lima Leandro , Montiani‐Ferreira Fabiano , Sousa Renato , Langohr Ingeborg 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA two‐and‐a‐half year‐old male Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) was referred for evaluation of an intraorbital mass involving the right eye.Based on ophthalmic examination and ultrasonography, a diagnosis of intraocular neoplasia was made. Enucleation of the affected eye was performed. The mass was histologically diagnosed as a primary malignant intraocular signet‐ring cell melanoma. No signs of recurrence were detected, and the hamster remained clinically healthy until it died 6 months after surgery. This case report attempts to contribute to the limited body of knowledge available in the literature on primary intraocular neoplasms in hamsters.
Prevalence, incidence and mortality of diagnosed diabetes: evidence from an Italian population‐based study
Authors: Monesi L. , Baviera M. , Marzona I. , Avanzini F. , Monesi G. , Nobili A. , Tettamanti M. , Cortesi L. , Riva E. , Fortino I. , Bortolotti A. , Fontana G. , Merlino L. , Roncaglioni M. C. 
Published: September 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 385–392 (2012)AbstractAims  To describe trends in diagnosed diabetes prevalence, incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2007 in the most heavily populated Italian region.Methods  We examined the prevalence and incidence rates of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and yearly mortality rates among individuals with diabetes from 2000 to 2007 using an administrative health database of prescription, disease‐specific exemption and hospitalization records of more than 9 million inhabitants of Lombardy. Age‐ and sex‐specific rates were calculated and temporal trends for subjects aged ≥ 30 years were analysed.Results  The crude point diabetes prevalence rose from 3.0% in 2000 to 4.2% in 2007, a 40% increase. The incidence remained stable during the study period with a rate of 4/1000 per year. Overall mortality declined from 43.2/1000 in 2001 to 40.3/1000 in 2007 (6.7% decrease) at a rate slightly higher than that of the general population (4.8% decrease). Our projection in subjects aged ≥ 30 years indicates that the prevalence will rise continuously over the next years, reaching 11.1% in 2030.Conclusions  The prevalence of diabetes increased substantially between 2000 and 2007, mainly because there are more patients with a new diagnosis each year than those who die. The increase observed by 2007 almost reached the World Health Organization prediction for 2030. Our analyses suggest that the increase will continue over the next few decades. These data are important for defining the burden of diabetes in the near future, to help in planning health services and ensure proper allocation of resources.
Sources of earnings variability and their effect on earnings forecasts
Authors: Tan Hwee C. , Sidhu Baljit 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPrevious research shows that analysts’ forecasts of earnings do not fully incorporate information contained in reported earnings variability. This study investigates whether the inefficient forecast is because of a failure to incorporate observable information on two components of earnings variability: variability in operating performance and income smoothing. Our results show that analysts’ forecasts fully incorporate information contained in earnings variability for firms with high income smoothing and for firms with low operating variability. A smaller serial correlation of forecast errors is observed for firms with low operating variability, which suggests that analysts recognize the permanence in earnings for such firms.
A Widening Gap? The Political and Social Organization of Childcare in Argentina
Authors: Faur Eleonor 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis article examines how social policies and programmes implemented in Argentina shape the political and social organization of childcare. The author seeks to analyse how welfare institutions are currently responding to emerging needs, and to what extent they facilitate the defamilialization of childcare for different social classes. Because Argentina lacks a truly unified ‘care policy’, four different kinds of facilities and programmes are examined: employment‐based childcare services; pre‐school schemes; social assistance care services; and poverty reduction strategies. It is argued that far from offering equal rights and services with a universalist cast, these ‘caring’ institutions reflect the ethos of the current welfare model in Argentina: a fragmented set of social policies based on different assumptions for different social groups, which in turn filter down to the social organization of childcare.
Stratified Familialism: The Care Regime in India through the Lens of Childcare
Authors: Palriwala Rajni , Neetha N. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis article explores the political and social economy of care in India through a focus on childcare practices, from the viewpoint of the care giver — a perspective frequently ignored or touched on only generally in earlier discussions on development or social policy. It is argued that the care regime is an ad hoc summation of informal, stratified practices. It is shaped by the institutional context, in particular the economic and social inequalities of work and livelihoods, as well as trends and absences in state economic and social policy. Central to the dynamics of care practices in India is the ideology of gendered familialism in public discourse and policy, which reiterates care as a familial and female responsibility and works to devalue and diminish the dimensions of care. By delineating the range of institutions through which everyday childcare practices are organized, this contribution draws out the differentiations and actualities of stratified familialism and care. At one end of the spectrum are those who have the possibility to retain familial carers at home and supplement them with paid and other institutional carers; at the other are those who are neither able to retain family members at home nor fill the care gap through formal institutions.
Putting Two and Two Together? Early Childhood Education, Mothers’ Employment and Care Service Expansion in Chile and Mexico
Authors: Staab Silke , Gerhard Roberto 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIn recent years, several middle‐income countries, including Chile, Mexico and Uruguay, have increased the availability of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services. These developments have received little scholarly attention so far, resulting in the (surely unintended) impression that Latin American social policy is tied to a familialist track, when in reality national and regional trends are more varied and complex. This article looks at recent efforts to expand ECEC services in Chile and Mexico. In spite of similar concerns over low female labour force participation and child welfare, the approaches of the two countries to service expansion have differed significantly. While the Mexican programme aims to kick‐start and subsidize home‐ and community‐based care provision, with a training component for childminders, the Chilean programme emphasizes the expansion of professional ECEC services provided in public institutions. By comparing the two programmes, this article shows that differences in policy design have important implications in terms of the opportunities the programmes are able to create for women and children from low‐income families, and in terms of the programmes’ impacts on gender and class inequalities. It also ventures some hypotheses about why the two countries may have chosen such different routes.
Harsh Choices: Chinese Women's Paid Work and Unpaid Care Responsibilities under Economic Reform
Authors: Cook Sarah , Dong Xiao‐yuan 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTChina's economic reforms over the past three decades have dramatically changed the mechanisms for allocating goods and labour in both market and non‐market spheres. This article examines the social and economic trends that intensify the pressure on the care economy, and on women in particular in playing their dual roles as care givers and income earners in post‐reform China. The analysis sheds light on three critical but neglected issues. How does the reform process reshape the institutional arrangements of care for children and elders? How does the changing care economy affect women's choices between paid work and unpaid care responsibilities? And what are the implications of women's work–family conflicts for the well‐being of women and their families? The authors call for a gendered approach to both social and labour market policies, with investments in support of social reproduction services so as to ease the pressures on women.
A Perfect Storm? Welfare, Care, Gender and Generations in Uruguay
Authors: Filgueira Fernando , Gutiérrez Magdalena , Papadópulos Jorge 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis article claims that welfare states modelled on a contributory basis and with a system of entitlements that assumes stable two‐parent families, a traditional breadwinner model, full formal employment and a relatively young age structure are profoundly flawed in the context of present‐day challenges. While this is true for affluent countries modelled on the Bismarckian type of welfare system, the costs of the status quo are even more devastating in middle‐income economies with high levels of inequality. A gendered approach to welfare reform that introduces the political economy and the economy of care and unpaid work is becoming critical to confront what may very well become a perfect storm for the welfare of these nations and their peoples. Through an in‐depth study of the Uruguayan case, the authors show how the decoupling of risk and protection has torn asunder the efficacy of welfare devices in the country. An ageing society that has seen a radical transformation of its family and labour market landscapes, Uruguay maintained during the 1980s and 1990s a welfare state that was essentially contributory, elderly and male‐oriented, and centred on cash entitlements. This contributed to the infantilization of poverty, increased the vulnerability of women and exacerbated fiscal stress for the system as a whole. Furthermore, because of high levels of income and asset inequality, the redistribution of risk between upper‐ and lower‐income groups presented a deeply regressive pattern. The political economy of care and welfare has begun to change in the last decade or so, bringing about mild reforms in the right direction; but these might prove to be too little and too late.
A Game-Theoretic Foundation for Competitive Equilibria in the Stiglitz–Weiss Model
Authors: Arnold Lutz G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFinancial intermediaries are, by definition, engaged in two-sided competition. Despite the well-known problems of achieving competitive solutions under twosided price competition, models of financial intermediation are commonly solved for competitive equilibria. This article provides a game-theoretic foundation for competitive equilibria in one of the most important models of financial intermediation, the seminal Stiglitz-Weiss (1981) adverse selection model of the credit market with a continuum of borrower types.