bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Setting a pluralist agenda for water governance: Why power and scale matter
Authors: Macpherson Elizabeth , Cuppari Rosa I. , Kagawa‐Viviani Aurora , Brause Holly , Brewer William A. , Grant William E. , Herman‐Mercer Nicole , Livneh Ben , Neupane Kaustuv Raj , Petach Tanya , Peters Chelsea N. , Wang Hsiao‐Hsuan , Pahl‐Wostl Claudia , Wheater Howard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlobal water systems are facing unprecedented pressures, including climate change‐driven drought and escalating flood risk, environmental contamination, and over allocation. Water management and governance typically lack integration across spatial scales, including relationships between surface and ground water systems. They also routinely ignore connectivity across temporal scales, including the need for intergenerational water planning. As a global and interdisciplinary group of scientists, we seek to highlight how power and scale dynamics influence and determine water outcomes. We argue that attending to complex water systems challenges requires understanding the function and influence of power at different temporal and spatial scales. Building this understanding is key to designing multi‐scalar, reflexive, and pluralistic policy solutions that avoid ineffective or unintended outcomes. We use a co‐learning process to reveal important lessons for the challenge of interdisciplinary research and set a pluralist agenda for understanding power and scale in future water governance.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Water Governance
Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
Human Water > Methods
Assessment and management approaches for dysphagia in tracheostomized patients: Practices of speech‐language pathologists in India
Authors: Chilwan Uzair , Mathias Smita Caren , Maitheen Asif , Khan Al Shifa , Balasubramanium Radish Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveSpeech language pathologists (SLPs) play a crucial role while dealing with tracheostomized patients, particularly in addressing communication impairments and dysphagia. However, in India, there is a lack of standardized guidelines for SLPs in the treatment of tracheostomy patients, resulting in variations in clinical practices and patient care.MethodsAn online survey was conducted among 106 experienced SLPs in India. The survey included questions pertaining to various aspects of assessment and treatment in tracheostomized patients. Survey data were analyzed to identify the level of consensus among SLPs in these areas.ResultsThe survey results revealed varying levels of consensus among SLPs in most of the domains. Most responses fell within the moderate to low consensus range, indicating a lack of standardized practices.ConclusionsThe study highlights the lack of standardized guidelines among SLPs in India when it comes to tracheostomy patient care. Hence, the study recommends collaboration among relevant organizations to enhance knowledge sharing and standardize clinical guidelines to improve the overall quality of care for tracheostomy patients in India.
Nanotechnology‐driven strategies to enhance the treatment of drug‐resistant bacterial infections
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Liu Ming , Guo Haiyang , Gao Shuwen , Hu Yanling , Zeng Guisheng , Yang Dongliang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe misuse of antibiotics has led to increased bacterial resistance, posing a global public health crisis and seriously endangering lives. Currently, antibiotic therapy remains the most common approach for treating bacterial infections, but its effectiveness against multidrug‐resistant bacteria is diminishing due to the slow development of new antibiotics and the increase of bacterial drug resistance. Consequently, developing new a\ntimicrobial strategies and improving antibiotic efficacy to combat bacterial infection has become an urgent priority. The emergence of nanotechnology has revolutionized the traditional antibiotic treatment, presenting new opportunities for refractory bacterial infection. Here we comprehensively review the research progress in nanotechnology‐based antimicrobial drug delivery and highlight diverse platforms designed to target different bacterial resistance mechanisms. We also outline the use of nanotechnology in combining antibiotic therapy with other therapeutic modalities to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of drug‐resistant bacterial infections. These innovative therapeutic strategies have the potential to enhance bacterial susceptibility and overcome bacterial resistance. Finally, the challenges and prospects for the application of nanomaterial‐based antimicrobial strategies in combating bacterial resistance are discussed.This article is categorized under:
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid‐Based Structures
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Ecological Literacy: Theory and Practice
Authors: Murray Emily Margaret , Poto Margherita Paola 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the concept of ecological literacy as an integral component of legal inquiry. Evolving to embrace interdisciplinary perspectives and a systems-thinking framework, ecological literacy emerges as a fundamental element in the pursuit of environmental sustainability. The research asserts that incorporating an approach that advocates for eco-responsible behaviours is imperative for legal research and education centred on sustainability. This requires a departure from traditional dogmatic approaches in legal methodology towards a participatory dimension. The study lays down a theoretical groundwork aimed at redefining legal methodology to effectively integrate ecological literacy.
Connecting with The Deep: Lifelong Learning (LLL) and Marine Sustainability
Authors: Johansen Caroline , Williams Rhianon , Xylouri Ourania , Panieri Giuliana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter frames marine sustainability within ongoing global and regional initiatives in lifelong learning and adult education. The authors of this chapter argue that to achieve the ambitious targets set out in the SDGs, our adult population must be able to recognise, engage with, and act upon economic, social, and environmental challenges. The authors of this chapter present the many barriers that adult learners experience and acknowledge the challenges of participation in non-formal education. We review current research into how we can effectively use learning, information, and messaging and see if this can help overcome some challenges, and effectively motivate adult learners to actively participate in pro-climate action and marine sustainability. The authors present The Deep Network, an adult education initiative which brings together multidisciplinary practitioners who support adults to become ocean literate in various ways. We detail the conclusions of The Deep Network meetings and show how practitioners learnt from and with each other to build capacity in marine sustainability and adult education. We conclude by making recommendations for future practice.
Computing the Edge Expansion of a Graph Using Semidefinite Programming
Authors: Gupte Akshay , Siebenhofer Melanie , Wiegele Angelika 
Published: May 2024

AbstractComputing the edge expansion of a graph is a famously hard combinatorial problem for which there have been many approximation studies. We present two versions of an exact algorithm using semidefinite programming (SDP) to compute this constant for any graph. The SDP relaxation is used to first reduce the search space considerably. One version applies then an SDP-based branch-and-bound algorithm, along with heuristic search. The other version transforms the problem into an instance of a max-cut problem and solves this using a state-of-the-art solver. Numerical results demonstrate that we clearly outperform mixed-integer quadratic solvers as well as another SDP-based algorithm from the literature.
Renormalization of the next-to-leading-power γγ → h and gg → h soft quark functions
Authors: Beneke Martin , Ji Yao , Wang Xing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We calculate directly in position space the one-loop renormalization kernels of the soft operators Oγ and Og that appear in the soft-quark contributions to, respectively, the subleading-power γγ → h and gg → h form factors mediated by the b-quark. We present an IR/rapidity divergence-free definition for Og and demonstrate that with a correspondent definition of the collinear function, a consistent factorization theorem is recovered. Using conformal symmetry techniques, we establish a relation between the evolution kernels of the leading-twist heavy-light light-ray operator, whose matrix element defines the B-meson light-cone distribution amplitude (LCDA), and Oγ to all orders in perturbation theory. Application of this relation allows us to bootstrap the kernel of Oγ to the two-loop level. We construct an ansatz for the kernel of Og at higher orders. We test this ansatz against the consistency requirement at two-loop and find they differ only by a particular constant.
Testing the scalar weak gravity conjecture in no-scale supergravity
Authors: Dudas Emilian , Gherghetta Tony , Olive Keith A. , Verner Sarunas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We explore possible extensions of the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) to scalar field theories. To avoid charged black hole remnants, the WGC requires the existence of a particle with a mass m ≤ gqMP, with charge q and U(1) gauge coupling g, allowing the decay to shed the black hole charge. Although there is no obvious problem that arises in the absence of a U(1) charge, it has been postulated that gravity must remain the weakest force even when extended to scalar interactions. Quantifying this conjecture may be done by comparing scalar and gravitational amplitudes, or as we advocate here by comparing scattering cross sections. In theories with non-trivial field space geometries, by working out examples with perturbation theory around arbitrary field values and performing tadpole resummations, we argue that the conjecture must be applied only at extrema of the scalar potential (when expressed in locally canonical coordinates). We consider several toy models in the context of no-scale supergravity and also consider examples of inflationary models.
Morpholinated curcuminoids against urinary bladder cancer cells: synthesis and anticancer evaluation
Authors: Bakun Pawel , Kucinska Malgorzata , Kobyłka Paulina , Kuźmińska Joanna , Koczorowski Tomasz , Mlynarczyk Dariusz T. , Popenda Lukasz , Górska Katarzyna , Kasperkowiak Małgorzata , Murias Marek , Jelińska Anna , Goslinski Tomasz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCancers present a significant medical problem despite the development of medical and pharmaceutical sciences leading to a search for further therapeutic approaches. One such approach could involve the use of curcumin or its derivatives. Curcumin reveals interesting antineoplastic effects that could help in the treatment of cancer diseases. However, this natural product possesses some limitations which prevent its application in medicine. Among its limitations, it is characterized by poor water solubility, low stability, and unsatisfactory bioavailability. Aiming to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and enhance the biological effects of curcumin, a series of 30 chemical compounds inspired by its structure was synthesized and characterized. New compounds were subjected to a preliminary MTT viability assessment of 5637 and SCaBER bladder cancer cell lines. Some derivatives revealed the cytotoxic activities already at the concentration of 1 µM. The most active compounds showed no significant acute toxicity in the Microtox test. Intracellular uptake on the basis of the fluorescent properties of the new compounds was analyzed. It was also found that the presence of the morpholine group in the structure improved the biological activity of studied curcumin derivatives. As selected compounds could be considered potential drug candidates, further studies are necessary towards recognition of the exact mechanism of cellular action, the in vivo stability, and toxicity.
Low birthweight in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular events and mortality
Authors: Hansen Aleksander L. , Brøns Charlotte , Engelhard Leonie M. , Andersen Mette K. , Hansen Torben , Nielsen Jens S. , Vestergaard Peter , Højlund Kurt , Jessen Niels , Olsen Michael H. , Sørensen Henrik T. , Thomsen Reimar W. , Vaag Allan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Low birthweight is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and CVD. This prospective cohort study investigated whether lower birthweight increases CVD risk after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.

Methods
Original midwife records were evaluated for 8417 participants recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) cohort. Patients were followed for the first occurrence of a composite CVD endpoint (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularisation, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, unstable angina, heart failure or CVD death), a three-component endpoint comprising major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and all-cause mortality. Ten-year risks were estimated using the Aalen–Johansen estimator considering non-CVD death as a competing risk. HRs were determined by Cox regression. Models were controlled for sex, age, calendar year at birth, family history of diabetes and born-at-term status.

Results
A total of 1187 composite CVD endpoints, 931 MACE, and 1094 deaths occurred during a median follow-up period of 8.5 years. The 10-year standardised composite CVD risk was 19.8% in participants with a birthweight <3000 g compared with 16.9% in participants with a birthweight of 3000–3700 g, yielding a risk difference (RD) of 2.9% (95% CI 0.4, 5.4) and an adjusted HR of 1.20 (95% CI 1.03, 1.40). The 10-year MACE risk for birthweight <3000 g was similarly elevated (RD 2.4%; 95% CI 0.1, 4.7; HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.01, 1.46). The elevated CVD risk was primarily driven by stroke, peripheral arterial disease and CVD death. All-cause mortality showed no substantial difference.

Conclusions/interpretation
Having a birthweight <3000 g is associated with higher CVD risk among patients with type 2 diabetes, driven primarily by risk of stroke and CVD death.

Graphical Abstract
Development of a new health-related quality of life measure for people with diabetes who experience hypoglycaemia: the Hypo-RESOLVE QoL
Authors: Carlton Jill , Powell Philip A. , Broadley Melanie , de Galan Bastiaan E. , Heller Simon , Comins Jonathan , Rosilio Myriam , Pouwer Frans , Gall Mari-Anne , Child Christopher J. , McCrimmon Rory J. , Rowen Donna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Valid and reliable patient-reported outcome measures are vital for assessing disease impact, responsiveness to healthcare and the cost-effectiveness of interventions. A recent review has questioned the ability of existing measures to assess hypoglycaemia-related impacts on health-related quality of life for people with diabetes. This mixed-methods project was designed to produce a novel health-related quality of life patient-reported outcome measure in hypoglycaemia: the Hypo-RESOLVE QoL.

Methods
Three studies were conducted with people with diabetes who experience hypoglycaemia. In Stage 1, a comprehensive health-related quality of life framework for hypoglycaemia was elicited from semi-structured interviews (N=31). In Stage 2, the content validity and acceptability of draft measure content were tested via three waves of cognitive debriefing interviews (N=70 people with diabetes; N=14 clinicians). In Stage 3, revised measure content was administered alongside existing generic and diabetes-related measures in a large cross-sectional observational survey to assess psychometric performance (N=1246). The final measure was developed using multiple evidence sources, incorporating stakeholder engagement.

Results
A novel conceptual model of hypoglycaemia-related health-related quality of life was generated, featuring 19 themes, organised by physical, social and psychological aspects. From a draft version of 76 items, a final 14-item measure was produced with satisfactory structural (χ2=472.27, df=74, p<0.001; comparative fit index =0.943; root mean square error of approximation =0.069) and convergent validity with related constructs (r=0.46–0.59), internal consistency (α=0.91) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient =0.87).

Conclusions/interpretation
The Hypo-RESOLVE QoL is a rigorously developed patient-reported outcome measure assessing the health-related quality of life impacts of hypoglycaemia. The Hypo-RESOLVE QoL has demonstrable validity and reliability and has value for use in clinical decision-making and as a clinical trial endpoint.

Data availability
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in the published article and its online supplementary files (https://doi.org/10.15131/shef.data.23295284.v2).

Graphical Abstract
Convergence Rates and Fluctuations for the Stokes–Brinkman Equations as Homogenization Limit in Perforated Domains
Authors: Höfer Richard M. , Jansen Jonas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study the homogenization of the Dirichlet problem for the Stokes equations in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

perforated by m spherical particles. We assume the positions and velocities of the particles to be identically and independently distributed random variables. In the critical regime, when the radii of the particles are of order $$m^{-1}$$

m

-
1

, the homogenization limit u is given as the solution to the Brinkman equations. We provide optimal rates for the convergence $$u_m \rightarrow u$$

u
m

→
u

in $$L^2$$

L
2

, namely $$m^{-\beta }$$

m

-
β

for all $$\beta < 1/2$$

β
<
1
/
2

. Moreover, we consider the fluctuations. In the central limit scaling, we show that these converge to a Gaussian field, locally in $$L^2(\mathbb {R}^3)$$

L
2

(

R

3

)

, with an explicit covariance. Our analysis is based on explicit approximations for the solutions $$u_m$$

u
m

in terms of u as well as the particle positions and their velocities. These are shown to be accurate in $$\dot{H}^1(\mathbb {R}^3)$$

H
˙

1

(

R

3

)

to order $$m^{-\beta }$$

m

-
β

for all $$\beta < 1$$

β
<
1

. Our results also apply to the analogous problem regarding the homogenization of the Poisson equations.
Advanced Pelvic Girdle Reconstruction with three dimensional-printed Custom Hemipelvic Endoprostheses following Pelvic Tumour Resection
Authors: Hu Xin , Lu Minxun , Wang Yitian , Luo Yi , Zhou Yong , Yang Xiao , Tu Chongqi , Min Li 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Resection of pelvic bone tumours and subsequent pelvic girdle reconstruction pose formidable challenges due to the intricate anatomy, weight-bearing demands, and significant defects. 3D-printed implants have improved pelvic girdle reconstruction by enabling precise resections with customized guides, offering tailored solutions for diverse bone defect morphology, and integrating porous surface structures to promote osseointegration. Our study aims to evaluate the long-term efficacy and feasibility of 3D-printed hemipelvic reconstruction following resection of malignant pelvic tumours.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted on 96 patients with primary pelvic malignancies who underwent pelvic girdle reconstruction using 3D-printed custom hemipelvic endoprostheses between January 2017 and May 2022. Follow-up duration was median 48.1 ± 17.9 months (range, 6 to 76 months). Demographic data, imaging examinations, surgical outcomes, and oncological evaluations were extracted and analyzed. The primary endpoints included oncological outcomes and functional status assessed by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS-93) score. Secondary endpoints comprised surgical duration, intraoperative bleeding, pain control and complications.

Results
In 96 patients, 70 patients (72.9%) remained disease-free, 15 (15.6%) had local recurrence, and 11 (11.4%) succumbed to metastatic disease. Postoperatively, function improved with MSTS-93 score increasing from 12.2 ± 2.0 to 23.8 ± 3.8. The mean operating time was 275.1 ± 94.0 min, and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 1896.9 ± 801.1 ml. Pain was well-managed, resulting in substantial improvements in VAS score (5.3 ± 1.8 to 1.4 ± 1.1). Complications occurred in 13 patients (13.5%), including poor wound healing (6.3%), deep prosthesis infection (4.2%), hip dislocation (2.1%), screw fracture (1.0%), and interface loosening (1.0%). Additionally, all patients achieved precise implantation of customized prosthetics according to preoperative plans. T-SMART revealed excellent integration at the prosthesis-bone interface for all patients.

Conclusion
The use of a 3D-printed custom hemipelvic endoprosthesis, characterized by anatomically designed contours and a porous biomimetic surface structure, offers a potential option for pelvic girdle reconstruction following internal hemipelvectomy in primary pelvic tumor treatment. Initial results demonstrate stable fixation and satisfactory mid-term functional and radiographic outcomes.
Cumulative Effects of Watershed Disturbances and Run-of-river Dams on Mercury Cycling: Case Study and Recommendations for Environmental Managers
Authors: Amyot M. , Bilodeau F. , Tremblay A. , Planas D. , Walsh D. , Ponton D. E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRun-of-river power plants (ROR) represent the majority of hydroelectric plants worldwide. Their environmental impacts are not well documented and are believed to be limited, particularly regarding the contamination of food webs by methylmercury (MeHg), a neurotoxin. RORs are typically installed in small rivers where combined effects of watershed disturbances with dam construction can complicate environmental management. We report a multi-year case study on the Saint-Maurice River (Canada) where an unpredicted temporary increase in MeHg accumulation in predator fish was observed after the construction of two ROR plants. The associated pondages acted as sedimentation basins for mercury (Hg) and organic matter from a watershed disturbed by a forest fire and by logging. This fresh organic carbon likely fueled microbial MeHg production. Hg methylation was more associated with environmental conditions than to the presence of Hg, and main methylating microbial groups were identified. A constructed wetland was a site of significant Hg methylation but was not the main source of the fish Hg increase. Organic carbon degradation was the main driver of MeHg accumulation at the base of the food chain whereas trophic levels explained the variations at the top of the food chain. Overall, carbon cycling was a key driver of Hg dynamics in this system, and ROR plants can cause temporary (ca. 12 years) Hg increase in food webs when developed in disturbed watersheds, although this increase is smaller than for large reservoirs. Recommendations for future ROR construction are to establish a good environmental monitoring plan with initial high temporal resolution and to consider recent and potential watershed disturbances in the plan.