bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualizing enveloping layer glycans during zebrafish early embryogenesis
Authors: Baskin Jeremy M. , Dehnert Karen W. , Laughlin Scott T. , Amacher Sharon L. , Bertozzi Carolyn R. 
Published: May 2010

Developmental events can be monitored at the cellular and molecular levels by using noninvasive imaging techniques. Among the biomolecules that might be targeted for imaging analysis, glycans occupy a privileged position by virtue of their primary location on the cell surface. We previously described a chemical method to image glycans during zebrafish larval development; however, we were unable to detect glycans during the first 24 hours of embryogenesis, a very dynamic period in development. Here we report an approach to the imaging of glycans that enables their visualization in the enveloping layer during the early stages of zebrafish embryogenesis. We microinjected embryos with azidosugars at the one-cell stage, allowed the zebrafish to develop, and detected the metabolically labeled glycans with copper-free click chemistry. Mucin-type O-glycans could be imaged as early as 7 hours postfertilization, during the gastrula stage of development. Additionally, we used a nonmetabolic approach to label sialylated glycans with an independent chemistry, enabling the simultaneous imaging of these two distinct classes of glycans. Imaging analysis of glycan trafficking revealed dramatic reorganization of glycans on the second time scale, including rapid migration to the cleavage furrow of mitotic cells. These studies yield insight into the biosynthesis and dynamics of glycans in the enveloping layer during embryogenesis and provide a platform for imaging other biomolecular targets by microinjection of appropriately functionalized biosynthetic precursors.
Expression of ZmLEC1 and ZmWRI1 Increases Seed Oil Production in Maize
Authors: Shen Bo , Allen William B. , Zheng Peizhong , Li Changjiang , Glassman Kimberly , Ranch Jerry , Nubel Douglas , Tarczynski Mitchell C. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Increasing seed oil production is a major goal for global agriculture to meet the strong demand for oil consumption by humans and for biodiesel production. Previous studies to increase oil synthesis in plants have focused mainly on manipulation of oil pathway genes. As an alternative to single-enzyme approaches, transcription factors provide an attractive solution for altering complex traits, with the caveat that transcription factors may face the challenge of undesirable pleiotropic effects. Here, we report that overexpression of maize (Zea mays) LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (ZmLEC1) increases seed oil by as much as 48% but reduces seed germination and leaf growth in maize. To uncouple oil increase from the undesirable agronomic traits, we identified a LEC1 downstream transcription factor, maize WRINKLED1 (ZmWRI1). Overexpression of ZmWRI1 results in an oil increase similar to overexpression of ZmLEC1 without affecting germination, seedling growth, or grain yield. These results emphasize the importance of field testing for developing a commercial high-oil product and highlight ZmWRI1 as a promising target for increasing oil production in crops.
Endogenous Diterpenes Derived from ent-Kaurene, a Common Gibberellin Precursor, Regulate Protonema Differentiation of the Moss Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Hayashi Ken-ichiro , Horie Keisuke , Hiwatashi Yuji , Kawaide Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Hanada Atsushi , Nakashima Tamotsu , Nakajima Masatoshi , Mander Lewis N. , Yamane Hisakazu , Hasebe Mitsuyasu , Nozaki Hiroshi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are a group of diterpene-type plant hormones biosynthesized from ent-kaurene via ent-kaurenoic acid. GAs are ubiquitously present in seed plants. The GA signal is perceived and transduced by the GID1 GA receptor/DELLA repressor pathway. The lycopod Selaginella moellendorffii biosynthesizes GA and has functional GID1-DELLA signaling components. In contrast, no GAs or functionally orthologous GID1-DELLA components have been found in the moss Physcomitrella patens. However, P. patens produces ent-kaurene, a common precursor for GAs, and possesses a functional ent-kaurene synthase, PpCPS/KS. To assess the biological role of ent-kaurene in P. patens, we generated a PpCPS/KS disruption mutant that does not accumulate ent-kaurene. Phenotypic analysis demonstrates that the mutant has a defect in the protonemal differentiation of the chloronemata to caulonemata. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis shows that P. patens produces ent-kaurenoic acid, an ent-kaurene metabolite in the GA biosynthesis pathway. The phenotypic defect of the disruptant was recovered by the application of ent-kaurene or ent-kaurenoic acid, suggesting that ent-kaurenoic acid, or a downstream metabolite, is involved in protonemal differentiation. Treatment with uniconazole, an inhibitor of ent-kaurene oxidase in GA biosynthesis, mimics the protonemal phenotypes of the PpCPS/KS mutant, which were also restored by ent-kaurenoic acid treatment. Interestingly, the GA9 methyl ester, a fern antheridiogen, rescued the protonemal defect of the disruption mutant, while GA3 and GA4, both of which are active GAs in angiosperms, did not. Our results suggest that the moss P. patens utilizes a diterpene metabolite from ent-kaurene as an endogenous developmental regulator and provide insights into the evolution of GA functions in land plants.
Pattern analysis and interpretation of scattering from short-range order stacking in the layered composite crystal 2H-NaxCoO2·yD2O (x≃ 0.35,y≃ 1.3)
Authors: Onoda Mitsuko , Takada Kazunori , Sasaki Takayoshi 
Published: May 2010

Information about the features of Bragg reflections and/or diffuse streaks was obtained through simulation of a neutron powder diffraction pattern based on the model used in a successful analysis of the superconductor 2H-NaxCoO2·yD2O (x≃ 0.35,y≃ 1.3). Intensity distributions were calculated based on a superstructure expression of a commensurate composite crystal model, where the structures of the CoO2part (a1=b1= 2.82 Å) and the guest (a2 =b2= 3.26 Å) with short-range order stacking are described on a cell ofA=B= 2a1= 31/2a2= 5.64 Å, and with alternate stacking based onc= 4.9 Å. It is shown that the most conspicuous diffuse reflection band corresponds to the main reflection scattering of the guest sheet, with local maxima at half-integer positions of ζ′ based on the stacking distance 2c, and that the Bragg diffraction components of the host and guest are coherent in terms of the peak height at integer ζ′′ based on 4c.
Steroid minimization for sirolimus‐treated renal transplant recipients
Authors: Matas Arthur J. , Granger Darla , Kaufman Dixon B. , Sarwal Minnie M. , Ferguson Ronald M. , Woodle E. Steve , Gill John S. 
Published: May 2010

Matas AJ, Granger D, Kaufman DB, Sarwal MM, Ferguson RM, Woodle ES, Gill JS. Steroid minimization for sirolimus‐treated renal transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 457–467. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract: Steroids are associated with a myriad of post‐transplant side effects. Therefore, as new immunosuppressive drugs have been developed, attempts have been made to minimize steroid exposure. Sirolimus (SRL) has been demonstrated to have efficacy in early and late post‐transplant immunosuppression. Accordingly, numerous trials have studied steroid minimization (early and late post‐transplant) in the context of SRL‐containing protocols (either with or without a calcineurin inhibitor). We herein review these trials and show that recent studies have determined that both late steroid withdrawal and early rapid discontinuation can be successful with SRL immunosuppression.
A fatigue life prediction model for Chopped Strand Mat GRP at elevated temperatures
Authors: SUL JUNG‐HOON , PRUSTY B. GANGADHARA , PAN JAN WEI 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTExperimental and analytical investigations for the low cycle‐fatigue life prediction of Glass‐Reinforced Polymer (GRP) in Chopped Strand Mat (CSM) form are studied. Based on the theories of modulus degradation and residual strength degradation, a novel model is proposed for the prediction of progressive stiffness loss in terms of tension–tension fatigue load and the number of cycles. The proposed model involves various loadings and environmental variables, which makes the reliable predictions suitable for structural analysts. Experiments were carried out at room and elevated temperatures to evaluate the validity of the proposed prediction model for the characterisation of temperature‐dependent behaviour in fatigue. Predictions using the proposed model are in good agreement with the experiments that justify the use of the model to determine the extent of low‐cycle fatigue damage accumulation in GRP–CSM at room and elevated temperatures.
Impact of Longitudinal Cardiac Rotation on Mitral and Tricuspid Atrioventricular Annular Diastolic Motion
Authors: Popović Zoran B. , Puntawangkoon Chirapa , Verhaert David , Greenberg Neil , Klein Allan , Thomas James D. , Grimm Richard A. 
Published: May 2010

Background—
It is unknown whether longitudinal rotation (LR), often seen in cardiac resynchronization therapy candidates, may affect mitral annular early diastolic (E′) velocities and tricuspid annular motion. We assessed whether (1) LR affects the amplitude and timing of septal and lateral mitral annular E′ velocities and tricuspid annular systolic and E′ velocities and (2) if systolic strain heterogeneity seen in cardiac resynchronization therapy patients with LR extends into diastole.

Methods and Results—

Ninety-nine cardiac resynchronization therapy candidates with suitable baseline echocardiograms were identified. Early diastolic (E′) and systolic myocardial velocities of the tricuspid annulus and E′ velocities of the septal and lateral part of the mitral annulus were analyzed from tissue Doppler images. Longitudinal rotation and basal systolic and diastolic strain rates were analyzed by speckle-tracking. LR correlated with lateral mitral annular E′ (
r
=0.45,
P
<0.001), tricuspid annular E′ (
r
=−0.3,
P
=0.003), and with a difference between septal and lateral mitral annular E′ velocities (
r
=−0.49,
P
<0.001) but not with septal mitral annular E′ velocity. LR also correlated with tricuspid annular systolic velocity (
r
=0.60,
P
<0.001). After categorizing the patients according to the quartiles of their LR, we showed that with decreasing quartile number, heterogeneity of systolic (
P
=0.003) but not diastolic (
P
>0.1) strain rates increased.

Conclusions—
LR direction and magnitude correlates with the amplitude of, and relative differences between, diastolic velocities of tricuspid, lateral mitral, and septal mitral annulus, which are a cornerstone of diastolic function assessment. LR is associated with systolic but not with diastolic regional heterogeneity.
Cost-Effectiveness of Targeting Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Therapy With Bivalirudin Versus Heparin Monotherapy According to Predicted Risk of Bleeding
Authors: Amin Amit P. , Marso Steven P. , Rao Sunil V. , Messenger John , Chan Paul S. , House John , Kennedy Kevin , Robertus Katherine , Cohen David J. , Mahoney Elizabeth M. 
Published: May 2010

Background—
Although bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors reduces bleeding and hospitalization costs in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), little is known about the economic impact of bivalirudin versus heparin alone and at what threshold of procedural bleeding risk bivalirudin would be considered cost-effective.

Methods and Results—
A validated model was used to predict risk of major bleeding for 81 628 National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR) CathPCI Registry patients from 2004 to 2006 who received unfractionated heparin only. Costs were derived from multiple sources including wholesale acquisition costs (for drugs) and single-center data (for PCI-related complications). Based on ISAR-REACT 3, we assumed that bivalirudin would reduce the risk of major bleeding by 33% compared with unfractionated heparin alone. A Markov model was used to estimate lost life expectancy associated with a major bleed. Major bleeding was predicted to occur in 2.2% of patients. Bivalirudin for all patients was estimated to increase costs by $571 per patient, yielding cost-effectiveness ratios of $287 473 per bleeding event averted and $1 173 360 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. Bivalirudin was cost saving for patients with a predicted bleeding risk >20% (0.16% of CathPCI population). At willingness-to-pay thresholds of $50K and $100K per quality-adjusted life-year gained, bivalirudin was cost-effective for patients with a bleeding risk ≥8% (2.5% patients) and ≥5% (7.9% patients), respectively.

Conclusions—
This decision-analytic modeling study demonstrates that for patients undergoing PCI, substitution of bivalirudin for unfractionated heparin monotherapy is projected to increase costs for virtually all patients and would be considered cost-effective for only a minority of patients with a high bleeding risk. From a policy standpoint, studies such as this, aimed at identifying the appropriate risk threshold for initiating treatment, may help in the development of informed guidelines for the use of expensive therapies.
Blood Pressure Trajectories and Associations With Treatment Intensification, Medication Adherence, and Outcomes Among Newly Diagnosed Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Maddox Thomas M. , Ross Colleen , Tavel Heather M. , Lyons Ella E. , Tillquist Maggie , Ho P. Michael , Rumsfeld John S. , Margolis Karen L. , O'Connor Patrick J. , Selby Joe V. , Magid David J. 
Published: May 2010

Background—
Blood pressure (BP) control among coronary artery disease patients remains suboptimal in clinical practice, potentially due to gaps in treatment intensification and medication adherence. However, longitudinal studies evaluating these relationships and outcomes are limited.

Methods and Results—
We assessed BP trajectories among health maintenance organization patients with hypertension and incident coronary artery disease. BP trajectories were modeled over the year after coronary artery disease diagnosis, stratified by target BP goal. Treatment intensification (increase in BP therapies in the setting of an elevated BP), medication adherence (percentage of days covered with BP therapies), and outcomes (all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and revascularization) were evaluated in multivariable models: 9569 patients had a <140/90 mm Hg BP target and 12 861 had a <130/80 mm Hg BP target. Within each group, 4 trajectories were identified: good, borderline, improved, and poor control. After adjustment, increasing BP treatment intensity was significantly associated with better BP trajectories in both groups. Medication adherence had inconsistent effects. There were no significant differences in combined outcomes by BP trajectory, but among the diabetes and renal disease cohort, borderline control patients were less likely to have myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.40–0.93), and good control patients were less likely to have myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.84) or a revascularization procedure (odds ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.47–0.93) compared with poor control patients.

Conclusions—
In this health maintenance organization population, treatment intensification but not medication adherence significantly affects BP trajectories in the year after coronary artery disease diagnosis. Better BP trajectories are associated with lower rates of myocardial infarction and revascularization.
Development of a Cloud-Top Height Estimation Method by Geostationary Satellite Split-Window Measurements Trained with CloudSat Data
Authors: Hamada Atsushi , Nishi Noriyuki 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Lookup tables for estimating the cloud-top height and visible optical thickness of upper-tropospheric clouds by the infrared brightness temperature TB at 10.8 μm (T11) and its difference from TB at 12 μm (ΔT11–12) measured by a geostationary satellite are presented. These lookup tables were constructed by regressing the cloud radar measurements by the CloudSat satellite over the infrared measurements by the Japanese geostationary multifunctional transport satellite MTSAT-1R. Standard deviations of measurements around the estimates were also displayed as an indicator of the ambiguity in the estimates. For the upper-tropospheric clouds with T11 &lt; 240 K, the standard deviations of the height estimations were less than 1 km. The dependences of the estimates of cloud-top height at each point in T11−ΔT11–12 space on latitude, season, satellite zenith angle, day–night, and land–sea differences were examined. It was shown that these dependences were considered uniform in the tropics except for the region with large satellite zenith angle. The presented lookup tables can provide hourly estimates of cloud-top height and optical thickness at a specified location and are fairly useful in comparing them with ground-based observations such as vertical profiles of humidity and/or wind.
Regime of Validity of Soundproof Atmospheric Flow Models
Authors: Klein Rupert , Achatz Ulrich , Bresch Didier , Knio Omar M. , Smolarkiewicz Piotr K. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Ogura and Phillips derived the original anelastic model through systematic formal asymptotics using the flow Mach number as the expansion parameter. To arrive at a reduced model that would simultaneously represent internal gravity waves and the effects of advection on the same time scale, they had to adopt a distinguished limit requiring that the dimensionless stability of the background state be on the order of the Mach number squared. For typical flow Mach numbers of , this amounts to total variations of potential temperature across the troposphere of less than one Kelvin (i.e., to unrealistically weak stratification). Various generalizations of the original anelastic model have been proposed to remedy this issue. Later, Durran proposed the pseudoincompressible model following the same goals, but via a somewhat different route of argumentation. The present paper provides a scale analysis showing that the regime of validity of two of these extended models covers stratification strengths on the order of (hsc/θ)dθ/dz &lt; M2/3, which corresponds to realistic variations of potential temperature θ across the pressure scale height hsc of .
Specifically, it is shown that (i) for (hsc/θ)dθ/dz &lt; Mμ with 0 &lt; μ &lt; 2, the atmosphere features three asymptotically distinct time scales, namely, those of advection, internal gravity waves, and sound waves; (ii) within this range of stratifications, the structures and frequencies of the linearized internal wave modes of the compressible, anelastic, and pseudoincompressible models agree up to the order of Mμ; and (iii) if μ &lt; ⅔, the accumulated phase differences of internal waves remain asymptotically small even over the long advective time scale. The argument is completed by observing that the three models agree with respect to the advective nonlinearities and that all other nonlinear terms are of higher order in M.
Improved Representation of Ice Particle Masses Based on Observations in Natural Clouds
Authors: Heymsfield Andrew J. , Schmitt Carl , Bansemer Aaron , Twohy Cynthia H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The mass–dimensional relationship put forth by Brown and Francis has been widely used for developing parameterizations for representing ice cloud microphysical properties. This relationship forms the cornerstone for past and forthcoming retrievals of ice cloud properties from ground-based and spaceborne active and passive sensors but has yet to be rigorously evaluated. This study uses data from six field campaigns to evaluate this mass–dimensional relationship in a variety of ice cloud types and temperatures and to account for the deviations observed with temperature and size, based on properties of the ice particle ensembles. Although the Brown and Francis relationship provides a good match to the observations in a mean sense, it fails to capture dependences on temperature and particle size that are a result of the complex microphysical processes operative within most ice cloud layers. Mass–dimensional relationships that provide a better fit to the observations are developed.
Exploring Atmosphere–Ocean Coupling Using Principal Component and Redundancy Analysis
Authors: Bakalian Faez , Ritchie Harold , Thompson Keith , Merryfield William 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Principal component analysis (PCA), which is designed to look at internal modes of variability, has often been applied beyond its intended design to study coupled modes of variability in combined datasets, also referred to as combined PCA. There are statistical techniques better suited for this purpose such as singular value decomposition (SVD) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). In this paper, a different technique is examined that has not often been applied in climate science, that is, redundancy analysis (RA). Similar to multivariate regression, RA seeks to maximize the variance accounted for in one random vector that is linearly regressed against another random vector. RA can be used for forecasting and prediction studies of the climate system. This technique has the added advantage that the time-lagged redundancy index offers a robust method of identifying lead–lag relations among climate variables. In this study, combined PCA and RA of global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea level pressures (SLPs) are carried out for the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data and a simulation of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis (CCCma) climate model. A simplified state-space model is also constructed to aid in the diagnosis and interpretation of the results. The relative advantages and disadvantages of combined PCA and RA are discussed. Overall, RA tends to provide a clearer and more consistent picture of the underlying physical processes than combined PCA.
Incidence and prognostic value of TET2 alterations in de novo acute myeloid leukemia achieving complete remission
Authors: Nibourel Olivier , Kosmider Olivier , Cheok Meyling , Boissel Nicolas , Renneville Aline , Philippe Nathalie , Dombret Hervé , Dreyfus François , Quesnel Bruno , Geffroy Sandrine , Quentin Samuel , Roche-Lestienne Catherine , Cayuela Jean-Michel , Roumier Christophe , Fenaux Pierre , Vainchenker William , Bernard Olivier A. , Soulier Jean , Fontenay Michaëla , Preudhomme Claude 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Mutations of the ten eleven translocation 2 gene (TET2) have recently been reported in myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasms. We analyzed the incidence and prognostic value of TET2 point mutations and other genomic alterations by direct sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis in 111 de novo acute myeloid leukemia, who had all achieved complete remission (CR). Mutations were observed in 19 (17%) of the 111 patients compared with 10 (27%) of 36 patients who had failed to achieve CR (P = .2). In the 111 patients who had achieved CR, TET2 alterations were only significantly associated with NPM1 mutations but not with other pretreatment characteristics. TET2 gene status was not significantly correlated with disease-free survival and overall survival, both in the entire cohort and in patients with normal karyotype.