bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metamorphic evolution of the Naga Hills eclogite and blueschist, Northeast India: implications for early subduction of the Indian plate under the Burma microplate
Authors: CHATTERJEE N. , GHOSE N. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTectonic slices and lenses of eclogite within mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Early Cretaceous–Eocene Naga Hills ophiolite were studied to constrain the physical conditions of eastward subduction of the Indian plate under the Burma microplate and convergence rate prior to the India–Eurasia collision. Some of the lenses are composed of eclogite, garnet‐blueschist, glaucophanite and greenschist from core to margin, representing a retrograde hydrothermal alteration sequence. Barroisite, garnet, omphacite and epidote with minor chlorite, phengite, rutile and quartz constitute the peak metamorphic assemblage. In eclogite and garnet‐blueschist, garnet shows an increase in Mg and Fe and decrease in Mn from core to rim. In chlorite in eclogite, Mg increases from core to rim. Inclusions of epidote, glaucophane, omphacite and quartz in garnet represent the pre‐peak assemblage. Glaucophane also occurs profusely at the rims of barroisite. The matrix glaucophane and epidote represent the post‐peak assemblage. The Fe3+content of garnet‐hosted omphacite is higher than that of matrix omphacite, and Fe3+increases from core to rim in matrix glaucophane. Albite occurs in late stage veins.P–Tpseudosection analysis indicates that the Naga Hills eclogites followed a clockwiseP–Tpath with prograde metamorphism beginning at ∼1.3 GPa/525 °C and peaking at 1.7–2.0 GPa/580–610 °C, and subsequent retrogression to ∼1.1 GPa/540 °C. A comparison of theseP–Tconditions with numerical thermal models of plate subduction indicates that the Naga Hills eclogites probably formed near the top of the subducting crust with convergence rates of ∼ 55–100 km Myr−1, consistent with high pre‐collision convergence rates between India and Eurasia.
Acute Coronary Syndromes in Treatment‐Naïve Black South Africans with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: BECKER A.C. , SLIWA K. , STEWART S. , LIBHABER E. , ESSOP A.R. , ZAMBAKIDES C.A. , ESSOP M.R. 
Published: December 2009

Background: HIV patients on protease inhibitors have greater risk of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) but little is known about treatment‐naïve patients.
Methods and Results: Authors conducted a prospective single‐center study from Soweto, South Africa, comparing the clinical and angiographic features of treatment‐naïve HIV positive and negative patients with ACS. Between March 2004 and February 2008, 30 consecutive treatment‐naïve HIV patients with ACS were compared to the next HIV‐negative patient as a 1:1 control. HIV patients were younger (43 ± 7 vs. 54 ± 13, P = 0.004) and, besides smoking (73% vs. 33%, P = 0.002), had fewer risk factors than the control group with less hypertension (23% vs. 77%, P = 0.0001), diabetes (3% vs. 23%, P = 0.05), LDL hyperlipidemia (2.2 ± 0.9 vs. 3.0 ± 1.2, P = 0.006), and other coronary risk factors (7% vs. 53%, P = 0.0001). HDL was lower in the HIV group (0.8 ± 0.3 vs. 1.1 ± 0.4, P = 0.001). Atherosclerotic burden was lower in the HIV group with more normal infarct‐related arteries (47% vs. 13%, P = 0.005) but a higher degree of large thrombus burden (43% vs. 17%, P = 0.02). Stents were used to a similar degree in HIV and control patients (30% vs. 37%, P = 0.78) with more target lesion revascularization in the HIV group (56% vs. 0%, P = 0.008).
Conclusion: Treatment‐naïve HIV patients with ACS are younger and have fewer traditional risk factors than HIV‐negative patients. HIV patients have less atherosclerotic but higher thrombotic burden which may imply a prothrombotic state in the pathogenesis of ACS in these patients. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:70–77)
Molecular characterization and functional properties of cardiomyocytes derived from human inducible pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Germanguz Igal , Sedan Oshra , Zeevi‐Levin Naama , Shtrichman Ronit , Barak Efrat , Ziskind Anna , Eliyahu Sivan , Meiry Gideon , Amit Michal , Itskovitz‐Eldor Joseph , Binah Ofer 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn view of the therapeutic potential of cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (iPS‐derived cardiomyocytes), in the present study we investigated in iPS‐derived cardiomyocytes, the functional properties related to [Ca2+]i handling and contraction, the contribution of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release to contraction and the b‐adrenergic inotropic responsiveness. The two iPS clones investigated here were generated through infection of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) with retroviruses containing the four human genes: OCT4, Sox2, Klf4 and C‐Myc. Our major findings showed that iPS‐derived cardiomyocytes: (i) express cardiac specific RNA and proteins; (ii) exhibit negative force–frequency relations and mild (compared to adult) post‐rest potentiation; (iii) respond to ryanodine and caffeine, albeit less than adult cardiomyocytes, and express the SR‐Ca2+ handling proteins ryanodine receptor and calsequestrin. Hence, this study demonstrates that in our cardiomyocytes clones differentiated from HFF‐derived iPS, the functional properties related to excitation–contraction coupling, resemble in part those of adult cardiomyocytes.
Seasonal allergies and suicidality: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Authors: Messias E. , Clarke D. E. , Goodwin R. D. 
Published: December 2009

Messias E, Clarke DE, Goodwin RD. Seasonal allergies and suicidality: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.Objective:  Studies have shown an association between allergies and suicidality, and a seasonality of suicide has also been described. We hypothesize an association between history of seasonal allergies and suicide ideation and attempt.Method:  Data came from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally representative sample (n = 5692) of adults living in the US. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) controlling for the following: age, sex, race, smoking, asthma and depression.Results:  After weighting and adjustment, a positive and statistically significant association was found between history of seasonal allergies and history of suicidal ideation [adjusted OR = 1.27 (1.01–1.58)]. We found no association between history of seasonal allergies and history of suicide attempts [adjusted OR = 1.17 (0.89–1.52)].Conclusion:  Findings from a population‐based sample support the hypothesized relationship between allergies and suicidal ideation.
Seasonal and spatial bank habitat use by fish in highly altered rivers – a comparison of four different restoration measures
Authors: Pander J. , Geist J. 
Published: December 2009

Pander J, Geist J. Seasonal and spatial bank habitat use by fish in highly altered rivers – a comparison of four different restoration measures. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 127–138. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  River regulations have resulted in substantial modifications of the characteristics and the diversity of stream ecosystems. Fish habitat use in the context of species life histories and temporal habitat dynamics are crucial for the development of sustainable measures of habitat restoration in degraded rivers. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of introducing four different in‐stream structures (bank ripp‐rapp, benched bank ripp‐rapp, successively grown riparian wood and artificial dead wood, nine replicates each) on the seasonal fish community distribution in a heavily modified stream ecosystem. Species richness and diversity, fish biomass and density showed strong variation (i) between habitat types, (ii) among replicates of the same habitat type, and (iii) in different seasons. The current low abundance of historical widespread rheophilic and migratory fish species in the study stream suggests that technical bank habitat restoration measures are only of limited use for the restoration of highly specialised target species in conservation such as Barbus barbus and Chondrostoma nasus. However, introduction of particular artificial stream structures (in particular of artificial dead‐wood fascines) was found to concentrate biomass and density of none‐specialised fish species like Squalius cephalus, Alburnus alburnus, Gobio gobio or Rutilus rutilus.
Transmission of Periodontopathic Bacteria from Natural Teeth to Implants
Authors: Aoki Masanori , Takanashi Kiyotoshi , Matsukubo Takashi , Yajima Yasutomo , Okuda Katsuji , Sato Toru , Ishihara Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose: Prevention of peri‐implantitis is essential for the success of implant rehabilitation. Infection by periodontopathic bacteria is a major cause of peri‐implantitis. The aim of the present study was to identify the source of peri‐implant colonization by periodontopathic bacteria.Materials and Methods: Twenty‐one patients with implants were enrolled in the study. Subgingival plaque samples from the adjacent, occluding, and contralateral natural teeth were collected prior to second‐stage surgery. Samples from implant sulci were then obtained 2 weeks later. Detection of periodontopathic bacteria was performed by the polymerase chain reaction.Results: The detection rates for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum in all subgingival samples from natural teeth were similar to that in the peri‐implant sulci. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed an association between the detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and F. nucleatum in the gingival crevices of adjacent teeth and that of the peri‐implant sulcus, but no association for Tannerella forsythia.Conclusions: The present findings suggest that colonization by A. actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and F. nucleatum at the implant sulcus was affected by these microorganisms in the gingival crevice of adjacent teeth rather than those on occluding and contralateral teeth.
Untangling a Decline in Tropical Forest Resilience: Constraints on the Sustainability of Shifting Cultivation Across the Globe
Authors: Lawrence Deborah , Radel Claudia , Tully Katherine , Schmook Birgit , Schneider Laura 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTShifting cultivators depend on forest biomass inputs to nourish their crops. For them, forest resilience has an immediate impact: it affects crop productivity. A decline in the rate of recovery following shifting cultivation would ultimately affect local, regional and global carbon budgets, with feedbacks to climate. Yet the long‐term impacts of shifting cultivation have been quantified in only six locations. In this study, we reanalyze data from these locations to determine whether the rate of biomass recovery is the same from cycle to cycle. Further, using case studies in Southern Yucatan, Mexico and West Kalimantan, Indonesia, we investigate the ecological and socioeconomic factors that affect forest resilience and thus determine whether or not shifting cultivation is sustainable. The reanalysis links aboveground biomass recovery following shifting cultivation to site productivity, forest age, fallow length, history of cultivation, and soil texture. Across locations, biomass accumulation rate declines by 9.3 percent with each cycle of shifting cultivation. Per cycle change in biomass accumulation rate is significantly more negative in younger forests and forests that experience a shorter fallow period. However, more detailed analyses for two case studies suggest that a purely ecological framework is of limited effectiveness in explaining variability in the effect of repeated shifting cultivation. Rather, socioeconomic factors such as migration, subsidies, roads, and settlement history can alter the outcome of shifting cultivation by limiting the accumulation and use of local knowledge.
Twig‐Nesting Ants: The Hidden Predators of the Coffee Berry Borer in Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Larsen Ashley , Philpott Stacy M. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTCoffee is a globally important crop that is subject to numerous pest problems, many of which are partially controlled by predatory ants. Yet several studies have proposed that these ecosystem services may be reduced where agricultural systems are more intensively managed. Here we investigate the predatory ability of twig‐nesting ants on the main pest of coffee, the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) under different management systems in southwest Chiapas, Mexico. We conducted both laboratory and field experiments to examine which twig‐nesting ant species, if any, can prey on free‐living borers or can remove borers embedded in coffee fruits and whether the effects of the twig‐nesting ant community differ with habitat type. Results indicate that several species of twig‐nesting ants are effective predators of both free‐living borers and those embedded in coffee fruits. In the lab, Pseudomyrmex ejectus, Pseudomyrmex simplex, and Pseudomyrmex PSW‐53 effectively removed free‐living and embedded borers. In the field, abundance, but not diversity, of twig‐nesting ant colonies was influenced by shade management techniques, with the highest colony abundance present in the sites where shade trees were recently pruned. However, borer removal rates in the field were significant only in the shadiest site, but not in more intensively managed sites. This study provides evidence that twig‐nesting ants can act as predators of the coffee berry borer and that the presence of twig‐nesting ants may not be strongly linked to shade management intensity, as has been suggested for other arthropod predators of the borer.
Runoff generation in small catchments under a native rain forest and a rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna, southwestern China
Authors: Wenjie Liu , Wenyao Liu , Hongjian Lu , Wenping Duan , Hongmei Li 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFor the purpose of assessing the potential influence of tropical rain forest conversion to rubber plantation on catchment hydrology, a stable oxygen isotope was used as a tracer to identify the event water and prestorm water components of storm runoff during low‐ and high‐flow conditions in a native tropical rain forest catchment (TRFC) and an artificial rubber plantation catchment (ARPC) in SW China. Isotopic hydrograph separations for the storm of April and September 2004 reveal that the event water made up only a small proportion of discharge (29 and 31%, respectively) at peak flow in the TRFC, while it made up the dominant component at peak flow (62 and 69%, respectively) in the ARPC. The analyses suggest that in the ARPC, the universal presence of compacted terraced tracks associated with land management would encourage infiltration‐excess overland flow. This isotopic investigation demonstrates that tropical rain forest conversion to rubber plantation would markedly change the runoff generation processes in this area.
Spatial patterns of bee captures in North American bowl trapping surveys
Authors: DROEGE SAM , TEPEDINO VINCENT J. , LEBUHN GRETCHEN , LINK WILLIAM , MINCKLEY ROBERT L. , CHEN QIAN , CONRAD CASEY 
Published: December 2009

Abstract.  1. Bowl and pan traps are now commonly used to capture bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) for research and surveys.2. Studies of how arrangement and spacing of bowl traps affect captures of bees are needed to increase the efficiency of this capture technique.3. We present results from seven studies of bowl traps placed in trapping webs, grids, and transects in four North American ecoregions (Mid‐Atlantic, Coastal California, Chihuahuan Desert, and Columbia Plateau).4. Over 6000 specimens from 31 bee genera were captured and analysed across the studies.5. Based on the results from trapping webs and distance tests, the per bowl capture rate of bees does not plateau until bowls are spaced 3–5 m apart.6. Minor clumping of bee captures within transects was detected, with 26 of 56 transects having index of dispersion values that conform to a clumped distribution and 39 transects having positive Green’s index values, 13 with zero, and only four negative. However, degree of clumping was slight with an average value of only 0.06 (the index ranges from −1 to 1) with only five values >0.15. Similarly, runs tests were significant for only 5.9% of the transects.7. Results indicate that (i) capture rates are unaffected by short distances between bowls within transects and (ii) that bowls and transects should be dispersed throughout a study site.
Informing operational flood management with ensemble predictions: lessons from Sweden
Authors: Nobert S. , Demeritt D. , Cloke H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper highlights some communicative and institutional challenges to using ensemble prediction systems (EPS) in operational flood forecasting, warning, and civil protection. Focusing in particular on the Swedish experience, as part of the PREVIEW FP6 project, of applying EPS to operational flood forecasting, the paper draws on a wider set of site visits, interviews, and participant observation with flood forecasting centres and civil protection authorities (CPAs) in Sweden and 15 other European states to reflect on the comparative success of Sweden in enabling CPAs to make operational use of EPS for flood risk management. From that experience, the paper identifies four broader lessons for other countries interested in developing the operational capacity to make, communicate, and use EPS for flood forecasting and civil protection. We conclude that effective training and clear communication of EPS, while clearly necessary, are by no means sufficient to ensure effective use of EPS. Attention must also be given to overcoming the institutional obstacles to their use and to identifying operational choices for which EPS is seen to add value rather than uncertainty to operational decision making by CPAs.
Spatial analysis on impacts of mining activities leading to flood disaster in the Erai watershed, India
Authors: Katpatal Y.B. , Patil S.A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDecisions related to mine management, especially pertaining to dumped material, might lead to several environmental hazards including flood risks in mining areas. Excavation and mine dumps are dominant factors of land use/land cover change in the Erai River watershed of Chandrapur district in Maharashtra, India. Identification and quantification of the extent of mining activities is important for assessing how this change in land use/land cover affects ecosystem components such as aesthetics, biodiversity and mitigation of floods in the Erai watershed. The present study utilizes satellite data of Landsat TM (1989), IRS LISS‐3 (1999, 2007) and CARTOSAT (2007) to study the extent of surface mines and management of mine over burden (OB) dumps of Hindustan Lalpeth coal mines, Chandrapur, India. Image processing techniques in conjunction with GIS have been used to visualize the flood scenario, the reasons for floods and area under impact. The study indicates that the development of the mine OB dump within the river channel on both the sides has been responsible for the 2006 flood within the region. Further increase in OB dump heights may result in the risk of floods of greater potential during heavy rainfall in the future. The study presents a spatial analysis to assess the impacts of OB dumps in the recent flood in the area. The study also spatially represents the area under impact leading to a disastrous situation due to floods. The study also suggests the probable measures that must be adopted to avoid such situations in future in the mining areas.
Probably Good Diagrams for Learning: Representational Epistemic Recodification of Probability Theory
Authors: Cheng Peter C.‐H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe representational epistemic approach to the design of visual displays and notation systems advocates encoding the fundamental conceptual structure of a knowledge domain directly in the structure of a representational system. It is claimed that representations so designed will benefit from greater semantic transparency, which enhances comprehension and ease of learning, and plastic generativity, which makes the meaningful manipulation of the representation easier and less error prone. Epistemic principles for encoding fundamental conceptual structures directly in representational schemes are described. The diagrammatic recodification of probability theory is undertaken to demonstrate how the fundamental conceptual structure of a knowledge domain can be analyzed, how the identified conceptual structure may be encoded in a representational system, and the cognitive benefits that follow. An experiment shows the new probability space diagrams are superior to the conventional approach for learning this conceptually challenging topic.
Bar and Line Graph Comprehension: An Interaction of Top‐Down and Bottom‐Up Processes
Authors: Shah Priti , Freedman Eric G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis experiment investigated the effect of format (line vs. bar), viewers’ familiarity with variables, and viewers’ graphicacy (graphical literacy) skills on the comprehension of multivariate (three variable) data presented in graphs. Fifty‐five undergraduates provided written descriptions of data for a set of 14 line or bar graphs, half of which depicted variables familiar to the population and half of which depicted variables unfamiliar to the population. Participants then took a test of graphicacy skills. As predicted, the format influenced viewers’ interpretations of data. Specifically, viewers were more likely to describe x–y interactions when viewing line graphs than when viewing bar graphs, and they were more likely to describe main effects and “z–y” (the variable in the legend) interactions when viewing bar graphs than when viewing line graphs. Familiarity of data presented and individuals’ graphicacy skills interacted with the influence of graph format. Specifically, viewers were most likely to generate inferences only when they had high graphicacy skills, the data were familiar and thus the information inferred was expected, and the format supported those inferences. Implications for multivariate data display are discussed.
Lessons From Cognitive Neuropsychology for Cognitive Science: A Reply to Patterson and Plaut (2009)
Authors: Coltheart Max 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA recent article in this journal (Patterson & Plaut, 2009) argued that cognitive neuropsychology has told us very little over the past 30 or 40 years about “how the brain accomplishes its cognitive business.” This may well be true, but it is not important, because the principal aim of cognitive neuropsychology is not to learn about the brain. Its principal aim is instead to learn about the mind, that is, to elucidate the functional architecture of cognition. I show that this is so (a) via extensive quotations from leading figures in this field and (b) by analysis of the subject matter of articles in the leading journal in the field, Cognitive Neuropsychology. Recent reviews of the past 25 years of work in this field (Coltheart & Caramazza, 2006) have concluded that cognitive neuropsychology has told us much about the functional architecture of cognition in a variety of cognitive domains. Patterson and Plaut (2009) did not consider this aim of cognitive neuropsychology. Therefore, their conclusions that cognitive neuropsychology has not been successful, and that this is because the particular methods it uses are flawed, are not justified.