bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of Ni‐Cu‐Zn Ferrite in Low Temperature Co‐fired Ceramics (LTCC) Modules
Authors: Rabe Torsten , Naghib‐zadeh Hamid , Glitzky Carsten , Töpfer Jörg 
Published: December 2011

Integration of magnetic functional components in LTCC circuit boards calls for co‐firing of dielectric and ferrite tapes. Ni‐Cu‐Zn ferrites with permeability of μ = 900 were fully densified at the standard LTCC sintering temperature of 900°C. Co‐firing of this ferrite with dielectric tapes requires the adaptation of the shrinkage behavior of the materials as well as the thermal contraction during the cooling period – especially in the temperature range below the transformation point of the glass phase of the dielectric tape. To match these preconditions, a new dielectric LTCC material with steep sintering curve and high thermal expansion coefficient was designed. Sintered multilayer laminates composed of Ni‐Cu‐Zn ferrite and tailored dielectric tapes are free of cracks and possess no open porosity. No significant interdiffusion between the ferrite and dielectric tapes was found using microprobe analysis. Pure ferrite laminates show homogeneous microstructure with large grains up to 50 μm in diameter. However, growth of ferrite grains does not take place near the interface between ferrite and release or dielectric tapes. There is a strong correlation between permeability and volume fraction of large ferrite grains. Compared to pure ferrite laminates the permeability of co‐sintered Ni‐Cu‐Zn ferrite layers is drastically reduced to 400, that is a decrease of more than 50%.
Factors Affecting Sugar‐Sweetened Beverage Availability in Competitive Venues of US Secondary Schools
Authors: Terry‐McElrath Yvonne M. , O'Malley Patrick M. , Johnston Lloyd D. 
Published: December 2011

BACKGROUND: This study explores sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) availability in US secondary school competitive venues during the first 3 years following the school wellness policy requirement (2007‐2009). Furthermore, analyses examine associations with school policy and SSB availability.METHODS: Analyses use questionnaire data from 757 middle and 762 high schools in the nationally representative Youth, Education, and Society study to examine soda and non‐soda SSB availability associations with school policy including (1) beverage bottling contracts and related incentives, (2) individuals/organizations responsible for decisions regarding beverages available in vending machines, and (3) school wellness policies and nutrition guidelines.RESULTS: Non‐soda SSBs made up the majority of SSBs in both middle and high schools. Soda was especially likely to be found in vending machines; non‐soda SSBs were widely available across competitive venues. Access to soda decreased significantly over time; however, non‐soda SSB access did not show a similar decrease. School policy allowing beverage supplier contractual involvement (bottling contract incentives and beverage supplier “say” in vending machine beverage choices) was related to increased SSB access. However, the existence of developed nutritional guidelines was associated with lower SSB availability.CONCLUSIONS: Students had high access to SSBs across competitive school venues, with non‐soda SSBs making up the majority of SSB beverage options. Efforts to reduce access to SSBs in US secondary schools should include a focus on reducing both soda and non‐soda SSBs, reducing beverage supplier involvement in school beverage choices, and encouraging the development of targeted nutritional guidelines for all competitive venues.
A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Capreomycin
Authors: Reisfeld B. , Metzler C. P. , Lyons M. A. , Mayeno A. N. , Brooks E. J. , DeGroote M. A. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has led to a renewed interest in the use of second-line antibiotic agents. Unfortunately, there are currently dearths of information, data, and computational models that can be used to help design rational regimens for administration of these drugs. To help fill this knowledge gap, an exploratory physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, supported by targeted experimental data, was developed to predict the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of the second-line agent capreomycin, a cyclic peptide antibiotic often grouped with the aminoglycoside antibiotics. To account for interindividual variability, Bayesian inference and Monte Carlo methods were used for model calibration, validation, and testing. Along with the predictive PBPK model, the first for an antituberculosis agent, this study provides estimates of various key pharmacokinetic parameter distributions and supports a hypothesized mechanism for capreomycin transport into the kidney.
Chemotherapy-Associated Changes of Histopathological Features of Mycobacterium ulcerans Lesions in a Buruli Ulcer Mouse Model
Authors: Ruf Marie-Thérèse , Schütte Daniela , Chauffour Aurélie , Jarlier Vincent , Ji Baohong , Pluschke Gerd 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Combination chemotherapy with rifampin and streptomycin (RIF-STR) for 8 weeks is currently recommended by the WHO as the first-line treatment for
Mycobacterium ulcerans
infection (Buruli ulcer). To gain better insight into the mode of action of these antibiotics against established
M. ulcerans
infection foci and to characterize recovery of local immune responses during chemotherapy, we conducted a detailed histopathological study of
M. ulcerans
-infected and RIF-STR-treated mice. Mice were inoculated with
M. ulcerans
in the footpad and 11 weeks later treated with RIF-STR. Development of lesions during the first 11 weeks after infection and subsequent differences in disease progression between RIF-STR-treated and untreated mice were studied. Changes in histopathological features, footpad swelling, and number of CFU were analyzed. After inoculation with
M. ulcerans
, massive infiltrates dominated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes developed at the inoculation site but did not prevent bacterial multiplication. Huge clusters of extracellular bacteria located in large necrotic areas and surrounded by dead leukocytes developed in the untreated mice. Chemotherapy with RIF-STR led to a rapid drop in CFU associated with loss of solid Ziehl-Neelsen staining of acid-fast bacilli. Development of B-lymphocyte clusters and of macrophage accumulations surrounding the mycobacteria demonstrated the resolution of local immune suppression. Results demonstrate that the experimental
M. ulcerans
mouse infection model will be a valuable tool to investigate efficacy of new treatment regimens and of candidate vaccines.
Live Attenuated Salmonella Vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Antigen Delivery via the Type III Secretion System
Authors: Juárez-Rodríguez María Dolores , Arteaga-Cortés Lourdes T. , Kader Rebin , Curtiss Roy , Clark-Curtiss Josephine E. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTTuberculosis remains a global health threat, and there is dire need to develop a vaccine that is safe and efficacious and confers long-lasting protection. In this study, we constructed recombinant attenuatedSalmonellavaccine (RASV) strains with plasmids expressing fusion proteins consisting of the 80 amino-terminal amino acids of the type 3 secretion system effector SopE ofSalmonellaand theMycobacterium tuberculosisantigens early secreted antigenic target 6-kDa (ESAT-6) protein and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10). We demonstrated that the SopE-mycobacterial antigen fusion proteins were translocated into the cytoplasm of INT-407 cells in cell culture assays. Oral immunization of mice with RASV strains synthesizing SopE–ESAT-6–CFP-10 fusion proteins resulted in significant protection of the mice against aerosol challenge withM. tuberculosisH37Rv that was similar to the protection afforded by immunization withMycobacterium bovisbacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) administered subcutaneously. In addition, oral immunization with the RASV strains specifying these mycobacterial antigens elicited production of significant antibody titers to ESAT-6 and production of ESAT-6- or CFP-10-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-secreting and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-secreting splenocytes.
Bacillus subtilis-Mediated Protection from Citrobacter rodentium-Associated Enteric Disease RequiresespHand Functional Flagella
Authors: Jones Sara E. , Knight Katherine L. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTCommensals limit disease caused by invading pathogens; however, the mechanisms and genes utilized by beneficial microbes to inhibit pathogenesis are poorly understood. The attaching and effacing mouse pathogenCitrobacter rodentiumassociates intimately with the intestinal epithelium, and infections result in acute colitis.C. rodentiumis used to model the human pathogens enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliand enteropathogenicE. coli. To confirm thatBacillus subtilis, a spore-forming bacterium found in the gut of mammals, could reduceC. rodentium-associated disease, mice received wild-typeB. subtilisspores and 24 h later were infected by oral gavage with pathogenicC. rodentium. Disease was assessed by determining the extent of colonic epithelial hyperplasia, goblet cell loss, diarrhea, and pathogen colonization. Mice that received wild-typeB. subtilisprior to enteric infection were protected from disease even thoughC. rodentiumcolonization was not inhibited. In contrast,espHandhagmutants, defective in exopolysaccharides and flagellum production, respectively, did not protect mice fromC. rodentium-associated disease. AmotABmutant also failed to protect mice from disease, suggesting thatB. subtilis-mediated protection requires functional flagella. By expanding our current mechanistic knowledge of bacterial protection, we can better utilize beneficial microbes to prevent intestinal disease caused by pathogenic bacteria, ultimately reducing human disease. Our data demonstrate that wild-typeB. subtilisreduced disease caused byC. rodentiuminfection through a mechanism that requiredespHand functional flagella.
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Virulence Regulation by Two Bacterial Adrenergic Kinases, QseC and QseE
Authors: Njoroge Jacqueline , Sperandio Vanessa 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

The human pathogen enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
(EHEC) O157:H7 has two histidine sensor kinases, QseC and QseE, which respond to the mammalian adrenergic hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine by increasing their autophosphorylation. Although QseC and QseE are present in nonpathogenic strains of
E. coli
, EHEC exploits these kinases for virulence regulation. To further investigate the full extent of epinephrine and its sensors' impact on EHEC virulence, we performed transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses of single and double deletions of
qseC
and
qseE
genes in the absence or presence of epinephrine. We showed that in EHEC, epinephrine sensing seems to occur primarily through QseC and QseE. We also observed that QseC and QseE regulate expression of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) genes positively and negatively, respectively. LEE activation, which is required for the formation of the characteristic attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions by EHEC on epithelial cells, is epinephrine dependent. Regulation of the LEE and the non-LEE-contained virulence factor gene
nleA
by QseE is indirect, through transcription inhibition of the RcsB response regulator. Finally, we show that coincubation of HeLa cells with epinephrine increases EHEC infectivity in a QseC- and QseE-dependent manner. These results genetically and phenotypically map the contributions of the two adrenergic sensors QseC and QseE to EHEC pathogenesis.
Precompetition medical assessment of referees and assistant referees selected for the 2010 FIFA World Cup: Table 1
Authors: Bizzini Mario , Schmied Christian , Junge Astrid , Dvorak Jiri 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundSeveral proposals for preparticipation screening to detect risk factors for sudden cardiac death in sports have been published, but referees have been neglected in this respect.MethodsA standardised precompetition medical assessment (comprising a general physical, orthopaedic and cardiac examination and blood analysis) was performed in all 90 referees and assistant referees selected for the 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup.ResultsMore than a third of the referees showed at least one pathological finding in cardiac examinations; however, all follow-up examinations proved to be normal. The relatively high prevalence of pathological findings in the blood analysis and the orthopaedic examination can be attributed to the average age of the referees and none of them was performance limiting.ConclusionsConsidering their risk of occult ischaemic heart disease, a precompetition medical assessment including an exercise ECG is recommended in elite male football referees.
Sequencing the graptoloid clade: building a global diversity curve from local range charts, regional composites and global time-lines
Authors: Sadler Peter M. , Cooper Roger A. , Melchin Michael J. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARY
Even range charts from the best graptoloid-bearing sections can be improved by adding information from nearby sections. Traditionally this is achieved on a scale of discrete biozones. Zonal composites improve upon the taxon richness of individual sections but lose resolving power; they artificially cluster range-end events at zone boundaries. Graphical and numerical methods allow composite sections to be constructed on continuous scales that match or exceed the resolving power of individual sections. Using a database of 582 graptoloid-bearing sections that together preserve 2214 distinct graptoloid taxa, we show that constrained optimization algorithms can construct objective, reproducible, global time-lines for the entire Ordovician to early Devonian graptoloid clade. The underlying database of locally observed ranges allows standardization for sampling unevenness. The quality and geographic origins of support for composite taxon ranges are explicitly revealed. A high precision, interval-free, standing species richness curve derived by this approach reveals the diversity trajectory of the graptoloid clade and of the families of which it is composed. Major reorganizations of the clade at the family level took place after diversity minima in the late Darriwilian and Hirnantian. Glacial events recognized on sedimentological evidence coincide with diversity minima.
Exploiting parallelism in matrix-computation kernels for symmetric multiprocessor systems
Authors: D'alberto Paolo , Bodrato Marco , Nicolau Alexandru 
Published: December 2011

We present a simple and efficient methodology for the development, tuning, and installation of matrix algorithms such as the hybrid Strassen's and Winograd's fast matrix multiply or their combination with the 3M algorithm for complex matrices (i.e., hybrid: a recursive algorithm as Strassen's until a highly tuned BLAS matrix multiplication allows performance advantages). We investigate how modern Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP) architectures present old and new challenges that can be addressed by the combination of an algorithm design with careful and natural parallelism exploitation at the function level (optimizations) such as function-call parallelism, function percolation, and function software pipelining.
We have three contributions: first, we present a performance overview for double- and double-complex-precision matrices for state-of-the-art SMP systems; second, we introduce new algorithm implementations: a variant of the 3M algorithm and two new different schedules of Winograd's matrix multiplication (achieving up to 20% speedup with respect to regular matrix multiplication). About the latter Winograd's algorithms: one is designed to minimize the number of matrix additions and the other to minimize the computation latency of matrix additions; third, we apply software pipelining and threads allocation to all the algorithms and we show how this yields up to 10% further performance improvements.
Semantic relations in bilingual lexicons
Authors: Peirsman Yves , Padó Sebastian 
Published: December 2011

Bilingual lexicons, essential to many NLP applications, can be constructed automatically on the basis of parallel or comparable corpora. In this article, we make two contributions to their induction from comparable corpora. The first one concerns the creation of these lexicons. We show that seed lexicons can be improved by adding a bootstrapping procedure that uses cross-lingual distributional similarity. The second contribution concerns the evaluation of bilingual lexicons. It is generally based on translation lexicons, which corresponds to the implicit assumption that (cross-lingual) synonymy is the semantic relation of primary interest, even though other semantic relations like (cross-lingual) hyponymy or cohyponymy make up a considerable portion of translation pair candidates proposed by distributional methods.We argue that the focus on synonymy is an oversimplification and that many applications can profit from the inclusion of other semantic relations. We study what effect these semantic relations have on two cross-lingual tasks: the cross-lingual projection of polarity scores and the cross-lingual modeling of selectional preferences. We find that the presence of non-synonymous semantic relations may negatively affect the former of these tasks, but benefit the latter.
Catch me if you can
Authors: Jovic Milan , Adamoli Andrea , Hauswirth Matthias 
Published: December 2011

Profilers help developers to find and fix performance problems. But do they find performance bugs -- performance problems that real users actually notice? In this paper we argue that -- especially in the case of interactive applications -- traditional profilers find irrelevant problems but fail to find relevant bugs.
We then introduce lag hunting, an approach that identifies perceptible performance bugs by monitoring the behavior of applications deployed in the wild. The approach transparently produces a list of performance issues, and for each issue provides the developer with information that helps in finding the cause of the problem.
We evaluate our approach with an experiment where we monitor an application used by 24 users for 1958 hours over the course of 3-months. We characterize the resulting 881 issues, and we find and fix the causes of a set of representative examples.
Two for the price of one
Authors: Burckhardt Sebastian , Leijen Daan , Sadowski Caitlin , Yi Jaeheon , Ball Thomas 
Published: December 2011

Parallel or incremental versions of an algorithm can significantly outperform their counterparts, but are often difficult to develop. Programming models that provide appropriate abstractions to decompose data and tasks can simplify parallelization. We show in this work that the same abstractions can enable both parallel and incremental execution. We present a novel algorithm for parallel self-adjusting computation. This algorithm extends a deterministic parallel programming model (concurrent revisions) with support for recording and repeating computations. On record, we construct a dynamic dependence graph of the parallel computation. On repeat, we reexecute only parts whose dependencies have changed.
We implement and evaluate our idea by studying five example programs, including a realistic multi-pass CSS layout algorithm. We describe programming techniques that proved particularly useful to improve the performance of self-adjustment in practice. Our final results show significant speedups on all examples (up to 37x on an 8-core machine). These speedups are well beyond what can be achieved by parallelization alone, while requiring a comparable effort by the programmer.
Urinary Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer among Premenopausal Women
Authors: Eliassen A. Heather , Spiegelman Donna , Xu Xia , Keefer Larry K. , Veenstra Timothy D. , Barbieri Robert L. , Willett Walter C. , Hankinson Susan E. , Ziegler Regina G. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Endogenous estrogens and estrogen metabolism are hypothesized to be associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk but evidence is limited. We examined 15 urinary estrogens/estrogen metabolites and breast cancer risk among premenopausal women in a case–control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII). From 1996 to 1999, urine was collected from 18,521 women during the mid-luteal menstrual phase. Breast cancer cases (N = 247) diagnosed between collection and June 2005 were matched to two controls each (N = 485). Urinary estrogen metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and adjusted for creatinine level. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by multivariate conditional logistic regression. Higher urinary estrone and estradiol levels were strongly significantly associated with lower risk (top vs. bottom quartile RR: estrone = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.30–0.88; estradiol = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.30–0.86). Generally inverse, although nonsignificant, patterns also were observed with 2- and 4-hydroxylation pathway estrogen metabolites. Inverse associations generally were not observed with 16-pathway estrogen metabolites and a significant positive association was observed with 17-epiestriol (top vs. bottom quartile RR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.08–2.81; Ptrend = 0.01). In addition, there was a significant increased risk with higher 16-pathway/parent estrogen metabolite ratio (comparable RR = 1.61; 95% CI, 0.99–2.62; Ptrend = 0.04). Other pathway ratios were not significantly associated with risk except parent estrogen metabolites/non–parent estrogen metabolites (comparable RR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35–0.96; Ptrend = 0.03). These data suggest that most mid-luteal urinary estrogen metabolite concentrations are not positively associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women. The inverse associations with parent estrogen metabolites and the parent estrogen metabolite/non–parent estrogen metabolite ratio suggest that women with higher urinary excretion of parent estrogens are at lower risk. Cancer Res; 72(3); 696–706. ©2011 AACR.
Bexarotene via CBP/p300 Induces Suppression of NF-κB–Dependent Cell Growth and Invasion in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Cras Audrey , Politis Béatrice , Balitrand Nicole , Darsin-Bettinger Diane , Boelle Pierre Yves , Cassinat Bruno , Toubert Marie-Elisabeth , Chomienne Christine 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Retinoic acid (RA) treatment has been used for redifferentiation of metastatic thyroid cancer with loss of radioiodine uptake. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of RA resistance and investigate the role of bexarotene in thyroid cancer cells.
Experimental Design: A model of thyroid cancer cell lines with differential response to RA was used to evaluate the biological effects of retinoid and rexinoid and to correlate this with RA receptor levels. Subsequently, thyroid cancer patients were treated with 13-cis RA and bexarotene and response evaluated on radioiodine uptake reinduction on posttherapy scan and conventional imaging.
Results: In thyroid cancer patients, 13-cis RA resistance can be bypassed in some tumors by bexarotene. A decreased tumor growth without differentiation was observed confirming our in vitro data. Indeed, we show that ligands of RARs or RXRs exert different effects in thyroid cancer cell lines through either differentiation or inhibition of cell growth and invasion. These effects are associated with restoration of RARβ and RXRγ levels and downregulation of NF-κB targets genes. We show that bexarotene inhibits the transactivation potential of NF-κB in an RXR-dependent manner through decreased promoter permissiveness without interfering with NF-κB nuclear translocation and binding to its responsive elements. Inhibition of transcription results from the release of p300 coactivator from NF-κB target gene promoters and subsequent histone deacetylation.
Conclusion: This study highlights dual mechanisms by which retinoids and rexinoids may target cell tumorigenicity, not only via RARs and RXRs, as expected, but also via NF-κB pathway. Clin Cancer Res; 18(2); 442–53. ©2011 AACR.