bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p16 expression as a surrogate marker for HPV‐related oropharyngeal carcinoma: A guide for interpretative relevance and consistency
Authors: El‐Naggar Adel K. , Westra William H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRecent studies of oropharyngeal carcinoma have reported remarkable correlation between integrated human papillomavirus (HPV) viral detection and p16 protein overexpression in tumor cells. These findings led to calls for the substitution of p16 expression for the more demanding HPV testing in clinical practice. The rationale for such practice is largely driven by the simplicity, low cost, and the feasibility of the immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. There are, however, several caveats that need to be fully considered. These include the subjective nature of IHC evaluation, the variable mechanisms of p16 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and the lack of scoring and interpretive criteria. This perspective addresses the conceptual and practical issues associated with the p16 expression analysis and provides a broad outline for its application and evaluation in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
An examination of the relationship between training comprehensiveness and organizational commitment: Further exploration of training perceptions and employee attitudes
Authors: Ehrhardt Kyle , Miller Janice S. , Freeman Sarah J. , Hom Peter W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFor organizations, the value of employing highly committed individuals is well documented. Accordingly, scholars have endeavored to identify factors that may influence employees' organizational commitment. One factor that has received growing attention in this regard is individuals' perceptions of training offered by an organization. However, despite increased scrutiny over the past decade, the precise nature of the relationship between employee training perceptions and organizational commitment remains unclear. Consequently, in this study we use social exchange theory as a foundation to examine the relationship between perceptions of training comprehensiveness and organizational commitment among individuals serving on cross‐functional product development teams within numerous large manufacturing firms. Results of a multilevel regression analysis support a direct relationship between perceived training comprehensiveness and organizational commitment. Additionally, whether individuals specifically chose to participate on a product development team moderated this relationship, but not in the expected direction. We discuss implications of study findings for both research and practice.
Analysis of retrieved hip resurfacing arthroplasties reveals the interrelationship between interface hyperosteoidosis and demineralization of viable bone trabeculae
Authors: Breer Stefan , Krause Matthias , Busse Björn , Hahn Michael , Rüther Wolfgang , Morlock Michael M. , Amling Michael , Zustin Jozef 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRetrieved hip resurfacing arthroplasties (HRA) revised for causes other than osteonecrosis enable further insights into bone–cement interactions within the interface with only minimal biomechanical stresses. Our primary objective was to investigate the mineralization changes at the trabecular bone interface in retrieved hips using bright field and polarized light microscopy and by quantitative backscattered electron imaging. Because superficial seams of non‐mineralized bone tissue varied substantially, we defined hyperosteoidosis as an osteoid seam of more than 20 µm thickness. We hypothesized that interface hyperosteoidosis might be caused by the demineralization of previously mineralized bone tissue. One hundred and thirty‐one retrieved HRAs with viable bone remnant tissue were analyzed. Bone mineral density distribution obtained from backscattered signal intensities of the trabecular bone at the bone–cement interface was assessed in cases with and without interface hyperosteoidosis. In cases with interface hyperosteoidosis, the degree of trabecular mineralization was also analyzed in deeper areas of the femoral remnants. Thirty‐four cases showed hyperosteoidosis at the bone–cement interface, mostly in female patients. Bone trabeculae with hyperosteoidosis displayed a mineral density distribution pattern suggestive of the demineralization of a previously mineralized bone matrix. Our results demonstrate the localized disorder of the mineralization pattern of bone trabeculae at the bone–cement interface in a group of retrieved HRAs. In previously well‐fixed femoral components, potential adverse effects on the load‐bearing bone due to a decreased degree of mineralization at the bone–cement interface may affect the durability of the implant's function. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1155–1161, 2012
Extended healing validation of an artificial tendon to connect the quadriceps muscle to the Tibia: 180‐day study
Authors: Melvin Alan J. , Litsky Alan S. , Mayerson Joel L. , Stringer Keith , Juncosa‐Melvin Natalia 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWhenever a tendon or its bone insertion is disrupted or removed, existing surgical techniques provide a temporary connection or scaffolding to promote healing, but the interface of living to non‐living materials soon breaks down under the stress of these applications, if it must bear the load more than acutely. Patients are thus disabled whose prostheses, defect size, or mere anatomy limit the availability or outcomes of such treatments. Our group developed the OrthoCoupler™ device to join skeletal muscle to prosthetic or natural structures without this interface breakdown. In this study, the goat knee extensor mechanism (quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar tendon) was removed from the right hind limb in 16 goats. The device connected the quadriceps muscle to a stainless steel bone plate on the tibia. Mechanical testing and histology specimens were collected from each operated leg and contralateral unoperated control legs at 180 days. Maximum forces in the operated leg (vs. unoperated) were 1,400 ± 93 N (vs. 1,179 ± 61 N), linear stiffnesses were 33 ± 3 N/mm (vs. 37 ± 4 N/mm), and elongations at failure were 92.1 ± 5.3 mm (vs. 68.4 ± 3.8 mm; mean ± SEM). Higher maximum forces (p = 0.02) and elongations at failure (p = 0.008) of legs with the device versus unoperated controls were significant; linear stiffnesses were not (p = 0.3). We believe this technology will yield improved procedures for clinical challenges in orthopedic oncology, revision arthroplasty, tendon transfer, and tendon injury reconstruction. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1112–1117, 2012
The use of non‐invasive instruments in characterizing human facial and abdominal skin
Authors: Bailey Steven H. , Oni Georgette , Brown Spencer A. , Kashefi Natalie , Cheriyan Salim , Maxted Michael , Stewart Collin , Jones Caroline , Maluso Patrick , Kenkel Ashley M. , Kenkel Matthew M. , Hoopman John , Barton Fritz , Kenkel Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe skin is highly variable. This variation, although helpful for function, causes inconsistencies when assessed using subjective scales. The purpose of this study is to measure differences in skin on the face and abdomen using non‐invasive, objective devices as a method to eliminate subjective error and help reduce intra‐ and inter‐observer variability in clinical analysis.Study Design/Materials and MethodsEighty‐eight subjects between the ages of 18 and 61 were enrolled in this study. These subjects varied in age, ethnicity, and Fitzpatrick score. Facial analysis was performed by clinical evaluation and utilizing non‐invasive objective devices which included the DermaScan C 20 MHz HFUS (Cyberderm, Broomall, PA), Tru Vu (Johnson and Johnson), BTC 2000 (SRLI Technologies, Nashville, TN), Derma Unit SSC3 (CK Electronic, Köln, Germany), and the Chromometer.ResultsNon‐invasive devices were shown to be consistent and accurate through repeated measurement at each of the anatomical points with error rates of less than 5%. Chromometer measurements were able to categorize patients into Fitzpatrick level. DermaScan measurements demonstrated decreasing skin thicknesses associated with increasing age, smoking, and female gender. Derma Unit SSC 3 showed gender and sun exposure related differences in sebum concentration, pH, and moisture content. The Derma Unit SSC 3 sebum concentration also showed correlation with Tru Vu readings for clogged pores and bacterial activity.ConclusionThe skin assessment scales that are in use today are often prone to variability and inaccuracy due to their subjectivity. Use of the described objective non‐invasive facial analysis method provides an accurate, objective analysis of human skin which can be used to measure changes pre‐ and post‐operatively, or even screen patients prior to procedure to identify non‐responders or those prone to adverse events. Utilization of these devices introduces a foundation on which a strong evidence‐based approach to aesthetic medicine can be built. Lasers Surg. Med. 44:131–142, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hospitalization rates among survivors of childhood cancer in the childhood cancer survivor study cohort
Authors: Kurt Beth A. , Nolan Vikki G. , Ness Kirsten K. , Neglia Joseph P. , Tersak Jean M. , Hudson Melissa M. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hutchinson Raymond J. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Robison Leslie L. , Arora Mukta 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundChronic health conditions are common among long‐term childhood cancer survivors, but hospitalization rates have not been reported. The objective of this study was to determine overall and cause‐specific hospitalization rates among survivors of childhood cancer and compare rates to the U.S. population.ProcedureThe Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) is a retrospective cohort of 5+ year survivors of childhood malignancies treated at 26 participating centers. Self‐reported hospitalizations from 10,366 survivors (diagnosed 1970–1986) were compared to U.S. population rates using age‐ and sex‐stratified standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). Reasons for hospitalization were evaluated and associations between demographic, cancer and treatment‐related risk factors with hospitalization were investigated.ResultsSurvivors were, on average, 20.9 years from cancer diagnosis (SD: 4.6, range: 13–32) and 28.6 years of age (SD: 7.7, range: 13–51). Survivor hospitalization rates were 1.6 times the U.S. population (95% CI: 1.6; 1.7). Increased hospitalization rates were noted irrespective of gender, age at follow‐up and cancer diagnosis, with highest SIRs noted among male (SIR = 2.6, 95% CI: 2.2; 3.0) and female (SIR = 2.7, 95% CI: 2.4; 3.1) survivors aged 45–54. Female gender, an existing chronic health condition and/or a second neoplasm, and prior treatment with radiation were associated with an increased risk of non‐obstetrical hospitalization.ConclusionsSurvivors of childhood cancer demonstrate substantially higher hospitalization rates. Additional research is needed to further quantify the healthcare utilization and economic impact of treatment‐related complications as this population ages. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 126–132. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DICER1 Mutations in embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas from children with and without familial PPB‐tumor predisposition syndrome
Authors: Doros Leslie , Yang Jiandong , Dehner Louis , Rossi Christopher T. , Skiver Kerry , Jarzembowski Jason A. , Messinger Yoav , Schultz Kris Ann , Williams Gretchen , André Nicolas , Hill D. Ashley 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEmbryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is the most common childhood sarcoma and is a component of the familial pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB)‐predisposition syndrome. Using the PPB model, we hypothesized that DICER1 mutations would be found in familial and sporadic forms of ERMS. Blood samples from four children with familial PPB and ERMS, and 52 sporadic ERMS tumors were tested for DICER1 mutations. Germline DICER1 mutations were found in all four patients with familial PPB and 2 of 52 (3.8%) sporadic ERMS had somatic mutations. Our findings confirm the pathogenetic relationship between ERMS and PPB suggesting that ERMS may result from abnormal miRNA regulation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:558–560. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non‐negative residual matrix factorization: problem definition, fast solutions, and applications
Authors: Tong Hanghang , Lin Ching‐Yung 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMatrix factorization is a very powerful tool to find graph patterns, e.g. communities, anomalies, etc. A recent trend is to improve the usability of the discovered graph patterns, by encoding some interpretation‐friendly properties (e.g., non‐negativity, sparseness, etc) in the factorization. Most, if not all, of these methods are tailored for the task of community detection.We propose NrMF, a non‐negative residual matrix factorization framework, aiming to improve the interpretation for graph anomaly detection. We present two optimization formations and their corresponding optimization solutions. Our method can naturally capture abnormal behaviors on graphs. We further generalize it to admit sparse constrains in the residual matrix. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms are analyzed, showing that our algorithm (i) leads to a local optima; and (ii) scales to large graphs. The experimental results on several data sets validate its effectiveness as well as efficiency. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 5: 3–15, 2012
The need for inclusion of entrepreneurship education in Nigerian school curricula
Authors: Ejiogu Augustine Odinakachukwu , Nwajiuba Chinyere Augusta 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article advocates the inclusion of entrepreneurship education as a subject in the curricula of all the educational institutions in Nigeria and other developing countries. Some innovative entrepre‐neurship education practices such as periodic entrepreneur‐pupil/student interaction and students' attachment period with established entrepreneurs are also proposed in inculcating the entrepreneurial culture. The regular interactive sessions with entrepreneurs from the organized private sector will engender consistent and systematic orientation of the young adults in acquisition of skills, competencies, and knowledge requisite for self‐employment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of home‐country culture and regulatory environment on corporate social responsibility perceptions: The case of Sri Lankan immigrant entrepreneurs
Authors: Azmat Fara , Zutshi Ambika 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDrawing on the findings of semistructured interviews, this article aims to understand the meaning of the term corporate social responsibility (CSR) as perceived by Sri Lankan immigrant entrepreneurs in Australia. It also explores the influence of home‐country culture and institutional environment on their perceptions of CSR. The term CSR was found to be interpreted differently among the immigrant entrepreneurs. Findings reiterate the influence of culture and regulatory environment on the perceptions of CSR and are consistent with the findings of Hamilton, Dana, and Benfell (2008) that the immigrant entrepreneurs adjust their beliefs, values, traditions, and norms to acclimatize to the host country but at the same time also maintain links with the traditional culture. Due to the increasing number of immigrant businesses and their potential socioeconomic impact, the article has important policy implications as it leads to a better understanding of the immigrant entrepreneurs' interpretation of social responsibility and how that is being influenced by home‐country factors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stakeholders' perceptions about corporate social responsibility: Implications for poverty alleviation
Authors: Okpara John O. , Wynn Pamela M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThere has been a growing interest in the management literature in investigating the perceptions of stakeholders toward corporate social responsibility (CSR). Studies have shown that an assessment of stakeholders' perceptions toward CSR may influence top management's decision to respond in an encouraging manner to CSR initiatives. Several studies have been conducted in CSR. However, these studies have been primarily conducted in the West. Very little research on CSR has been done in Nigeria. The purpose of this research is to examine stakeholders' perceptions on CSR in Nigeria. Results show that there is a universal understanding of the concept of CSR in Nigeria. Respondents were able to identify that CSR consists of a range of responsibilities covering economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic characteristics. They were also able to recognize the different items listed in the questionnaire as factors that would make a corporation socially responsible. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphometric and immunohistochemical study of cholangiolocellular carcinoma: comparison with non‐neoplastic cholangiole, interlobular duct and septal duct
Authors: Maeno Sawako , Kondo Fukuo , Sano Keiji , Takada Tadahiro , Asano Takehide 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground/purposeThe origin of cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CoCC) is still controversial. To solve this problem, morphometric and immunohistochemical features of CoCC were examined.Materials and methodsCancerous ducts: 15 CoCC lesions from 13 resected and two autopsied cases. Non‐neoplastic ducts: 20 specimens of non‐cancerous areas of eight resected CoCC cases and of 12 resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases. From these specimens, cholangioles, interlobular ducts of small size (ILD‐S), interlobular ducts of medium size (ILD‐M) and septal ducts were randomly selected.MorphometryThe outer and inner diameters of these ducts were measured. Immunohistochemistry: two hepatocyte markers [Hep Par 1 and α‐fetoptotein (AFP)], two cholangiocyte markers (cytokeratin CK7, CK19), a marker for mucin (Muc1), a hepatic stem/progenitor cell marker (c‐Kit) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) were used.ResultsMorphometry: both mean values of the outer and inner diameters of CoCC were far larger than those of cholangioles, and showed intermediate values between those of ILD‐S and ILD‐M. Immunohistochemistry: all ducts of CoCCs were negative for the two hepatocyte markers and positive for CK 7. Most CoCC ducts were positive for CK 19. Positive rate of c‐Kit of cholangiole was most remote from that of CoCC. The positive rates of EMA in the membranous area of ducts were similarly very high in CoCC, cholangiole and ILD‐S.ConclusionThese results suggest that CoCCs may originate from ILDs.
Identification of a Major Genetic Determinant of Glycaemic Index in Rice
Authors: Fitzgerald M. A. , Rahman S. , Resurreccion A. P. , Concepcion J. , Daygon V. D. , Dipti S. S. , Kabir K. A. , Klingner B. , Morell M. K. , Bird A. R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Type II diabetes is a major chronic disease. In developing countries, the prevalence of type II diabetes is increasing enormously. Much research indicates that choice of carbohydrates, particularly those with low glycaemic index (GI) is able to assist in the management or prevention of type II diabetes. Most developing countries consume rice as the staple. The objectives of this study were to determine the variability in the GI of popular improved and traditional varieties of rice and to find the genetic basis of GI. A method to predict GI using an in vitro system was compared to the in vivo system using a range of rice varieties differing in GI. Large variability in GI, ranging from low to high GI, was found using a set of 235 varieties. The major gene that associated with GI in the 235 varieties was the Waxy gene. This paper reports the first large-scale phenotyping of this trait, provides important information for nutritionists to identify and quantify the impact of low GI rices on blood sugar status and offers a mechanism for breeding programmes to select for GI based on amylose content. Furthermore, it allows rice consumers to select particular varieties of rice as their choice of carbohydrate.
Plasma cytokine levels in children with autistic disorder and unrelated siblings
Authors: Manzardo A.M. , Henkhaus R. , Dhillon S. , Butler M.G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe pathogenesis of autistic disorder (AD) is not clearly understood but genetic factors and the immune system have been implicated. Disturbed immunoglobulin levels and autoantibodies to neuronal elements have been reported in AD including cytokines encoded by genes involved with cell proliferation, migration and adhesion but there is a paucity of data comparing cytokine levels in children with AD and unrelated siblings without AD.MethodsWe analyzed 39 plasma cytokines in 99 well‐characterized children with AD between 5 and 10 years of age and 40 age and gender matched healthy unrelated siblings without AD under the same clinical assessments, specimen processing and laboratory conditions. Multiplex sandwich immunoassays were used with the Luminex fluorescent‐bead based platform. Log‐transformed values of the 29 cytokines meeting laboratory criteria for inclusion were analyzed by analysis of covariance with a general linear model adjusting for diagnosis, gender, diagnosis by gender interaction effects, age and days of specimen handling. The Tukey–Kramer post hoc test was used to control for multiple comparisons.ResultsEight of 29 cytokine levels analyzed were significantly lower in children with AD compared with unrelated siblings without the diagnosis of AD. Three of the cytokines are known to be involved with hematopoiesis and five with attraction of T‐cells, natural killer cells and monocytes.ConclusionsPlasma cytokine levels representing chemokines involved in the T‐helper cell immune system and hematopoiesis were lower in the children with AD compared with unrelated siblings without AD necessitating further studies to confirm immunological disturbances influencing hematopiesis and antibody production in the children with AD. Linking genes that encode immune related proteins and cytokines are important to study for their impact on critical periods of brain development and function.