bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyberincivility among Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Evidence
Authors: Kim Joy , Scroggins Jihye Kim , Ledbetter Leila , De Gagne Jennie Chang 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe ubiquitous use of social media places adolescents at high risk for cyberincivility (disrespectful, insensitive, or disruptive online behaviors). Adolescents who experience cyberincivility can have mental health issues including depression and suicidal ideation. However, no reviews synthesized findings from qualitative studies on cyberincivility among adolescents, which was the aim of this review.METHODSEleven articles were extracted from MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Education Full Text. Study qualities were assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. A meta‐ethnographic framework guided the thematic analysis.RESULTSFive themes were identified: forms of cyberincivility, platforms used for cyberincivility, perceptions and understanding of cyberincivility, adverse impact on health, and perceptions of seeking support. Social media was often used for cyberincivility, and common forms of cyberincivility included impersonation, aggressive verbal behaviors, and social exclusion. Adolescents perceived cyberincivility as persistent and relentless, with severe health impacts including depression, but they hesitate to seek support.CONCLUSIONSConsidering the negative impact of cyberincivility on adolescents' physical and mental well‐being, it is important to develop anti‐cyberincivility programs in schools. Schools have opportunities to efficiently reach both perpetrators and victims of cyberincivility with anti‐cyberincivility programs rooted in trust building and engagement from family, community, and peers.
Legislating landlords: Private interests, issue emphasis, and policy positions
Authors: Müller Stefan , Ncib Jihed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDo private interests predict politicians' rhetoric? Focusing on housing policy, we compare issue emphasis and positions of landlord politicians and politicians who do not own multiple properties. Ireland provides a unique opportunity to study legislating landlords' behavior as housing has become one of the most important political issues. We construct a novel dataset of politicians' homeownership status between 2013 and 2022, a period characterized by rising rent and property prices. We fine‐tune a transformer‐based machine learning model and apply text scaling and sentiment analysis to identify issue salience and positions on housing in over 870,000 tweets and parliamentary questions. Contrary to our expectations, landlord politicians do not avoid the topic of housing, nor do they take different positions. We also find that government status does not influence this relationship. The results imply that private financial interests do not influence rhetoric on housing policy.
Evidence for within‐species transition between drought response strategies in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Asadyar Leila , de Felippes Felipe Fenselau , Bally Julia , Blackman Chris J. , An Jiyuan , Sussmilch Frances C. , Moghaddam Lalehvash , Williams Brett , Blanksby Stephen J. , Brodribb Timothy J. , Waterhouse Peter M. 
Published: June 2024

Summary

Nicotiana benthamiana is predominantly distributed in arid habitats across northern Australia. However, none of six geographically isolated accessions shows obvious xerophytic morphological features.

To investigate how these tender‐looking plants withstand drought, we examined their responses to water deprivation, assessed phenotypic, physiological, and cellular responses, and analysed cuticular wax composition and wax biosynthesis gene expression profiles.

Results showed that the Central Australia (CA) accession, globally known as a research tool, has evolved a drought escape strategy with early vigour, short life cycle, and weak, water loss‐limiting responses. By contrast, a northern Queensland (NQ) accession responded to drought by slowing growth, inhibiting flowering, increasing leaf cuticle thickness, and altering cuticular wax composition. Under water stress, NQ increased the heat stability and water impermeability of its cuticle by extending the carbon backbone of cuticular long‐chain alkanes from c. 25 to 33. This correlated with rapid upregulation of at least five wax biosynthesis genes. In CA, the alkane chain lengths (c. 25) and gene expression profiles remained largely unaltered.

This study highlights complex genetic and environmental control over cuticle composition and provides evidence for divergence into at least two fundamentally different drought response strategies within the N. benthamiana species in < 1 million years.
Clinical severity of Omicron and Delta SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in children
Authors: Ng David Chun‐Ern , Liew Chuin‐Hen , Tan Kah Kee , Chin Ling , Awang Elida Hanan Binti , Chandirasekharan Debashini a/p , Surdi Roslan Maryam Jamilah Binti , Jamil Munzir Bin , Zainol Abidin Nor Zanariah , Cheah Yee Keat , Alias Mohd Ferous Bin , Khoo Erwin Jiayuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to compare the clinical features and severity of the Omicron and Delta variant infections among children hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).MethodsChildren 12 years old or less hospitalized for COVID‐19 across five hospitals between January 1, 2021 and March 31, 2022 were identified using the state's pediatric COVID‐19 registry. Delta and Omicron‐infected patients without previous COVID‐19 infection, COVID‐19 vaccination, or co‐infections were propensity‐score matched 1:1 to control for differences in baseline characteristics. Clinical manifestations, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Disease severity was assessed using an adapted WHO ordinal scale.ResultsOf the initial 1367 patients, 668 had Delta infection and 699 had Omicron infection. Propensity‐score matching produced 558 matched pairs. Patients with Omicron infection were more likely to present with croup (the odds ratio, OR, was 10.87, with a 95% confidence interval, CI, ranging from 2.54 to 46.59), lower respiratory tract infection (OR 2.32, 95% CI, 1.48–3.64) and seizures (OR 8.39, 95% CI, 5.04–13.99) compared with those with Delta infection. Omicron was associated with increased odds of moderate/severe disease (OR 6.14, 95% CI, 4.72–7.99) and a greater need for intravenous fluid therapy (OR 6.00, 95% CI, 4.29–8.39), corticosteroids (OR 3.08, 95% CI, 1.66–5.72), empirical antibiotics (OR 1.70, 95% CI, 1.10–2.64), and low‐flow nasal oxygen therapy (OR 3.68, 95% CI, 2.17–6.22) in comparison with Delta.ConclusionChildren hospitalized with Omicron infection demonstrated a distinct clinical profile compared to those with Delta infection, with increased likelihood of moderate/severe disease and higher utilization of health‐care resources.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors for kidney involvement in children with immunoglobulin A vasculitis
Authors: Chatpaitoon Boonyapohn , Rianthavorn Pornpimol , Chanakul Ankanee , Khaosut Parichat 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmumoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis (IgAV), formerly known as Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP), is a self‐limiting systemic vasculitis in children. Kidney involvement is associated with a long‐term unfavorable outcome and can lead to significant morbidity. This study was conducted to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of childhood IgAV with kidney involvement and to identify risk factors associated with IgAV nephritis (IgAVN).MethodsThis was an ambidirectional descriptive study of 77 children with IgAV. All demographic data, clinical features, and laboratory tests were collected from electronic medical records from January 2010 to December 2022. Risk factors for kidney involvement in IgAV were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to calculate the time to commencement of kidney involvement.ResultsTwenty‐five children (32.4% of the IgAV patients) developed IgAVN. The common findings in IgAV with kidney involvement were microscopic hematuria (100%), nephrotic range proteinuria (44%), and non‐nephrotic range proteinuria (40%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that age greater than 10 years (adjusted hazard ratio, AHR 4.66; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.91–11.41; p = 0.001), obesity (body mass index, BMI, z‐score ≥ +2 standard deviations, SDs) (AHR 3.59; 95% CI 1.41–9.17; p = 0.007), and hypertension at onset (AHR 4.78; 95% CI 1.76–12.95; p = 0.002) were associated significantly with kidney involvement. During follow up, most IgAV patients developed nephritis within the first 9 months.ConclusionAge greater than 10 years, obesity, and hypertension at presentation were predictive factors for IgAVN. Our study emphasized that IgAV patients with risk factors should be closely monitored for at least 1 year after the onset of the disease.
Renaissance culture, emblems, and interdisciplinary research: the reception of Alciato in Coimbra☆
Authors: Araújo Filipa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBearing in mind that emblem books were a manifestation of humanistic culture and its natural interdisciplinary, this paper discusses how the early reception of Alciato's Emblemata in Coimbra (Portugal) had an impact on artists, literary authors, jurists, and Jesuit teachers. This emblem book attracted readers from diverse fields of knowledge, and in this essay, special attention is drawn to the role played by Sebastian Stockhamer's commentaries on the Emblemata, published by the Lyonnaise printer, Jean de Tournes, in 1556. From the analysis of textual evidence, this contribution aims to demonstrate that Stockhamer's work was built upon an interdisciplinary method. His example provides a very strong argument for considering Coimbra as pioneering in the early history of the reception of Alciato's work across Europe. This study case embraces therefore a wider range of engagement, involving cultural studies, literature, arts, legal history, educational science, philosophy, and classical culture, among others.
Adaptive sampling method to monitor low‐risk pathways with limited surveillance resources
Authors: Le Thao P. , Waring Thomas K. , Bondell Howard , Robinson Andrew P. , Baker Christopher M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe rise of globalization has led to a sharp increase in international trade with high volumes of containers, goods, and items moving across the world. Unfortunately, these trade pathways also facilitate the movement of unwanted pests, weeds, diseases, and pathogens. Each item could contain biosecurity risk material, but it is impractical to inspect every item. Instead, inspection efforts typically focus on high‐risk items. However, low risk does not imply no risk. It is crucial to monitor the low‐risk pathways to ensure that they are and remain low risk. To do so, many approaches would seek to estimate the risk to some precision, but increasingly lower risks require more samples. On a low‐risk pathway that can be afforded only limited inspection resources, it makes more sense to assign fewer samples to the lower risk activities. We approach the problem by introducing two thresholds. Our method focuses on letting us know whether the risk is below certain thresholds, rather than estimating the risk precisely. This method also allows us to detect a significant change in risk. Our approach typically requires less sampling than previous methods, while still providing evidence to regulators to help them efficiently and effectively allocate inspection effort.
Emerging roles of plant transcriptional gene silencing under heat
Authors: Torres José Roberto , Sanchez Diego H. 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYPlants continuously endure unpredictable environmental fluctuations that upset their physiology, with stressful conditions negatively impacting yield and survival. As a contemporary threat of rapid progression, global warming has become one of the most menacing ecological challenges. Thus, understanding how plants integrate and respond to elevated temperatures is crucial for ensuring future crop productivity and furthering our knowledge of historical environmental acclimation and adaptation. While the canonical heat‐shock response and thermomorphogenesis have been extensively studied, evidence increasingly highlights the critical role of regulatory epigenetic mechanisms. Among these, the involvement under heat of heterochromatic suppression mediated by transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) remains the least understood. TGS refers to a multilayered metabolic machinery largely responsible for the epigenetic silencing of invasive parasitic nucleic acids and the maintenance of parental imprints. Its molecular effectors include DNA methylation, histone variants and their post‐translational modifications, and chromatin packing and remodeling. This work focuses on both established and emerging insights into the contribution of TGS to the physiology of plants under stressful high temperatures. We summarized potential roles of constitutive and facultative heterochromatin as well as the most impactful regulatory genes, highlighting events where the loss of epigenetic suppression has not yet been associated with corresponding changes in epigenetic marks.
General Adaptable Design and Evaluation Using Markov Processes
Authors: Sun Zhilin , Wang Kaifeng , Gu Peihua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Facing the challenges posed by increasingly complex, dynamic, and unforeseen requirements, the design process is grappling with the critical issue of ensuring sustained product satisfaction amid changing demands. This paper introduces an approach for evaluating design adaptability, considering potential future requirements. Entropy serves as a crucial indicator to quantify design effort and the Markov process is employed to simulate potential requirement changes. The information contents of design requirements and design solutions are defined based on information entropy theory, and the design adaptability of a design candidate is evaluated by calculating the extra design effort for satisfying the design requirements, which is the difference in information content between the design candidate and design requirements. Moreover, a simulation method for requirement evolution is proposed, which integrates information entropy theory and the Markov process to accommodate potential future requirements. The general design adaptability of design solutions is then calculated based on conditional entropy, taking into account the evolving design requirements. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through a case study involving the design and evaluation of a hybrid additive manufacturing device.
Spaced Use of Social Media Apps Among Motor Practice Trials Impacts Performance Without Influencing Mental Fatigue and Motor Learning
Authors: Leal Marina Gonçalves , Luz José Eduardo dos Martírios , Santos Ana Kariele da Silva , Costa Cicero Luciano Alves , Bandeira Paulo Felipe Ribeiro , Meira Cassio de Miranda , Bonuzzi Giordano Marcio Gatinho 
Published: June 2024

We aimed to investigate the impact of smartphone use during intertrial intervals within a distributed practice regime on mental fatigue, performance, and learning of a balance motor skill. One hundred and thirty-six participants were randomly divided into two groups: the smartphone use group (SMARTPHONE) and the control group (CONTROL). The SMARTPHONE accessed social media during the rest periods within a distributed practice of a balance task, whereas the CONTROL rested passively during the rest periods. The participants practiced the toe-touch task. The participants underwent a pretest consisting of one trial. Subsequently, the participants were engaged in practice, completing six trials interspersed with 2-min intervals of either rest or smartphone use. Following the practice phase, a posttest was conducted, and after 24 hr, we administered a retention test and a transfer test. The number of touches and the number of errors (contacting the ground with the free leg to regain balance) were performance measures. We evaluated the participants’ mental fatigue after the practice session using a visual analog scale. The groups demonstrated similar mental fatigue after practice. Our results suggest that using social media on smartphones during rest periods within a distributed practice impairs performance but not motor learning.
Genes required for survival and proliferation of
Mycoplasma bovis
in association with host cells
Authors: Premachandre Chintha K. , Vaz Paola K. , Sharma Shukriti , Kanci Condello Anna , Browning Glenn F. , Wawegama Nadeeka K. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma bovis
is an important emerging pathogen of cattle and bison, but our understanding of the genetic basis of its interactions with its host is limited. The aim of this study was to identify genes of
M. bovis
required for interaction and survival in association with host cells. One hundred transposon-induced mutants of the type strain PG45 were assessed for their capacity to survive and proliferate in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell cultures. The growth of 19 mutants was completely abrogated, and 47 mutants had a prolonged doubling time compared to the parent strain. All these mutants had a similar growth pattern to the parent strain PG45 in the axenic media. Thirteen genes previously classified as dispensable for the axenic growth of
M. bovis
were found to be essential for the growth of
M. bovis
in association with host cells. In most of the mutants with a growth-deficient phenotype, the transposon was inserted into a gene involved in transportation or metabolism. This included genes coding for ABC transporters, proteins related to carbohydrate, nucleotide and protein metabolism, and membrane proteins essential for attachment. It is likely that these genes are essential not only
in vitro
but also for the survival of
M. bovis
in infected animals.

IMPORTANCE

Mycoplasma bovis
causes chronic bronchopneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, and reproductive tract disease in cattle around the globe and is an emerging pathogen in bison. Control of mycoplasma infections is difficult in the absence of appropriate antimicrobial treatment or effective vaccines. A comprehensive understanding of host-pathogen interactions and virulence factors is important to implement more effective control methods against
M. bovis
. Recent studies of other mycoplasmas with
in vitro
cell culture models have identified essential virulence genes of mycoplasmas. Our study has identified genes of
M. bovis
required for survival in association with host cells, which will pave the way to a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions and the role of specific genes in the pathogenesis of disease caused by
M. bovis
.
In vivo
efficacy of phage cocktails against carbapenem resistance
Acinetobacter baumannii
in the rat pneumonia model
Authors: Li Shibin , Wei Bingdong , Xu Le , Cong Cong , Murtaza Bilal , Wang Lili , Li Xiaoyu , Li Jibin , Xu Mu , Yin Jiajun , Xu Yongping 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter baumannii
, an opportunistic pathogen, poses a significant threat in intensive care units, leading to severe nosocomial infections. The rise of multi-drug-resistant strains, particularly carbapenem-resistant
A. baumannii
, has created formidable challenges for effective treatment. Given the prolonged development cycle and high costs associated with antibiotics, phages have garnered clinical attention as an alternative for combating infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. However, the utilization of phage therapy encounters notable challenges, including the narrow host spectrum, where each phage targets a limited subset of bacteria, increasing the risk of phage resistance development. Additionally, uncertainties in immune system dynamics during treatment hinder tailoring symptomatic interventions based on patient-specific states. In this study, we isolated two
A. baumannii
phages from wastewater and conducted a comprehensive assessment of their potential applications. This evaluation included sequencing analysis, genome classification, pH and temperature stability assessments, and
in vitro
bacterial inhibition assays. Further investigations involved analyzing histological and cytokine alterations in rats undergoing phage cocktail treatment for pneumonia. The therapeutic efficacy of the phages was validated, and transcriptomic studies of rat lung tissue during phage treatment revealed crucial changes in the immune system. The findings from our study underscore the potential of phages for future development as a treatment strategy and offer compelling evidence regarding immune system dynamics throughout the treatment process.

IMPORTANCE

Due to the growing problem of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, the use of phages is being considered as an alternative to antibiotics, and the genetic safety and application stability of phages determine the potential of phage application. The absence of drug resistance genes and virulence genes in the phage genome can ensure the safety of phage application, and the fact that phage can remain active in a wide range of temperatures and pH is also necessary for application. In addition, the effect evaluation of preclinical studies is especially important for clinical application. By simulating the immune response situation during the treatment process through mammalian models, the changes in animal immunity can be observed, and the effect of phage therapy can be further evaluated. Our study provides compelling evidence that phages hold promise for further development as therapeutic agents for
Acinetobacter baumannii
infections.
The F-box E3 ligase protein FBXO11 regulates EBNA3C-associated degradation of BCL6
Authors: Sun Kunfeng , Bose Dipayan , Singh Rajnish Kumar , Pei Yonggang , Robertson Erle S. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Most mature B-cell malignancies originate from the malignant transformation of germinal center (GC) B cells. The GC reaction appears to have a role in malignant transformation, in which a major player of the GC reaction is BCL6, a key regulator of this process. We now demonstrate that BCL6 protein levels were dramatically decreased in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines and Burkitt’s lymphoma cell lines. Notably, BCL6 degradation was significantly enhanced in the presence of both EBNA3C and FBXO11. Furthermore, the amino-terminal domain of EBNA3C, which contains residues 50–100, interacts directly with FBXO11. The expression of EBNA3C and FBXO11 resulted in a significant induction of cell proliferation. Furthermore, BCL6 protein expression levels were regulated by EBNA3C via the Skp Cullin Fbox (SCF)
FBXO11
complex, which mediated its ubiquitylation, and knockdown of FBXO11 suppressed the transformation of lymphoblastoid cell lines. These data provide new insights into the function of EBNA3C in B-cell transformation during GC reaction and raise the possibility of developing new targeted therapies against EBV-associated cancers.

IMPORTANCE
The novel revelation in our study involves the suppression of BCL6 expression by the essential Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigen EBNA3C, shedding new light on our current comprehension of how EBV contributes to lymphomagenesis by impeding the germinal center reaction. It is crucial to note that while several EBV latent proteins are expressed in infected cells, the collaborative mechanisms among these proteins in regulating B-cell development or inducing B-cell lymphoma require additional investigation. Nonetheless, our findings carry significance for the development of emerging strategies aimed at addressing EBV-associated cancers.
Complete genome sequence of Indonesian probiotic strain
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
subsp.
plantarum
Dad-13
Authors: Sutriswati Rahayu Endang , Suroto Dian Anggraini , Mariyatun Mariyatun , Pramesi Putrika Citta 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Previous studies have investigated the probiotic properties of
L. plantarum
subsp.
plantarum
Dad-13. Nevertheless, genomic sequence data from previous studies were not yet available to support each probiotic characteristic. This study focused on the complete genome sequence of the strain to validate its role in specific probiotic properties.