bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient and excellent reusable catalysts of molybdenum(VI) complexes grafted on ZPS‐PVPA for epoxidation of olefins with tert‐BuOOH
Authors: Hu Zhongkai , Fu Xiangkai , Li Yuedong , Tu Xiaobo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFour new kinds of heterogeneous catalysts for olefins epoxidation were obtained by grafting diamines on organic polymer–inorganic hybrid material, zirconium poly (styrene‐phenylvinylphosphonate)‐phosphate (ZPS‐PVPA), and subsequently coordinating with Schiff base Mo(VI) complexes. The catalysts were characterized by IR, XPS, SEM and TEM. All catalysts were evaluated through the epoxidation of olefins using tert‐BuOOH as oxidant. The heterogeneous catalysts possess the advantages of high conversion, selectivity and excellent reusability. The catalysts were easily separated from the reaction systems and could be reused 13 times without significant loss of catalytic activity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of nanoclay dispersion on liquid–liquid phase separation in a ternary system of segmented polyurethane/dimethylformamide/water system
Authors: Joshi M. , Raghunath Reddy G. V. , Deopura B. L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper reports a study on liquid‐liquid phase separation in an isothermal ternary system of segmented polyurethane/dimethylformamide/water system with and without the presence of nanoclay dispersion in the system. Isothermal ternary phase diagrams for three different grades with varying shore A hardness of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/solvent/nonsolvent system were constructed based on the cloud point measurement that was carried out by the titration method. The effect of temperature on phase diagrams has also been studied. The binary interaction parameters between TPUs and water were estimated by water sorption experiments. The effect of organoclay dispersion concentration in the TPU solution on isothermal ternary phase diagrams has also been studied. This understanding of phase separation characteristics would be very helpful in correlating the final morphology developed in wet‐spun TPU as well as polyurethane/clay nanocomposite fibres. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Statistical methods for automatic crack detection based on vibrothermography sequence‐of‐images data’ by M. Li, S. D. Holland and W. Q. Meeker: Discussion 1
Authors: Volf Petr 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the following notes I comment the paper of Liitet al., mainly from the point of view of its original contribution to the methods of analysis of special image data. In particular, I concentrate on several questions connected with the proposed procedure and its results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ‘Gator’ Mouse Suit for early bioluminescent metastatic breast cancer detection and nanomaterial signal enhancement during live animal imaging
Authors: Gutwein Luke G. , Rule Michael C. , Singh Amit K. , Hahn Megan A. , Brown Scott C. , Moudgil Brij , Grobmyer Stephen R. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTOptical imaging is a cornerstone of modern oncologic research. The aim of this study is to determine the value of a new tool to enhance bioluminescent and fluorescent sensitivity for facilitating very‐low‐level signal detection in vivo. Experimental: For bioluminescent imaging experiments, a luciferase expressing breast cancer cell line with metastatic phenotype was implanted orthotopically into the mammary fat pad of mice. For fluorescent imaging experiments, near‐infrared (NIR) nanoparticles were injected intratumorally and subcutaneously into mice. Images were compared in mice with and without application of the ‘Gator’ Mouse Suit (GMS). Results: The GMS was associated with early detection and quantification of metastatic bioluminescent very‐low‐level signal not possible with conventional imaging strategies. Similarly, NIR nanoparticles that were undetectable in locations beyond the primary injection site could be visualized and their very‐low‐level signal quantifiable with the aid of the GMS. Conclusion: The GMS is a device which has tremendous potential for facilitating the development of bioluminescent models and fluorescent nanomaterials for translational oncologic applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of 3‐hydroxy pterocarpan, a novel osteogenic compound in rat plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Manickavasagam Lakshmi , Gupta Sonal , Mishra Smriti , Kumar Amit , Raghuvanshi Ashutosh , Goel Atul , Singh Divya , Jain Girish Kumar 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA rapid, sensitive and selective LC‐MS/MS method for the quantitative analysis of 3‐hydroxy pterocarpan (S006‐1709) in female rat plasma has been developed and validated. A Discovery RP18 column was used for the chromatographic elution using acetonitrile and 0.1% acetic acid in water as mobile phase (80:20 v/v) at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. MS/MS analysis was performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization in negative ion mode using biochanin as an internal standard (IS). Extraction of S006‐1709 and IS from rat plasma was done by liquid–liquid extraction method using diethyl ether. The LC‐MS/MS method was sensitive with 1.95 ng/mL as the limit of detection and 3.9 ng/mL as the lower limit of quantification. The method was linear in the concentration range of 3.9–1000 ng/mL. The percentage bias for intraday and interday accuracy was not greater than 4.2 and the %RSD for intraday and interday precision was not greater than 13.2. The recoveries of S006‐1709 and IS were 73.9–79.3 and 85.7%, respectively. S006‐1709 was found to be stable in various stability studies. The validated LC‐MS/MS method was successfully applied for the oral pharmacokinetics study of S006‐1709 at 10 mg/kg in female Sprague–Dawley rats. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retention study of some cation‐type compounds using bile acid sodium salts as ion pairing agents in liquid chromatography
Authors: Radulescu Medeea , Voicu Victor , Medvedovici Andrei , David Victor 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe possibility of forming ion‐pairs between bile acids (sodium taurocholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate and sodium taurochenodeoxycholate) and different compounds (pralidoxime, obidoxime and pyridostigmine) having a cationic character has been studied in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (RP‐LC). This study can be useful in understanding the role of bile acids in the transport of ionic species through hydrophobic membrane. The present study focused on the influence of mobile phase composition on the retention parameters of chosen compounds (percentage of acetonitrile, pH of aqueous omponent or ionic strength). For constant concentration of bile acids in aqueous component of mobile phase the functional dependencies between the logarithm of the retention factor (k) and the methanol content in the mobile phase followed a binomial pattern (U‐shaped), with a minimum positioned within the interval 70–85% methanol. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends and developments in community and applied social psychology: JCASP 1991–2010
Authors: Schruijer Sandra G. L. , Stephenson Geoffrey M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper looks back on the trends and developments in and of the Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology since its inception twenty years ago. We review to what extent the aims that were originally set for JCASP have been fulfilled. The trends in nationality of authors, themes of publications and their methodology are discussed. Possible implications of these trends and developments for JCASP and its future are pointed at. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Synthesis of the tRNA Nucleoside PreQ0, 7‐Cyano‐7‐deazaguanosine, via Microwave‐Assisted Iodo→Carbonitrile Exchange
Authors: Ming Xin , Seela Frank 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe naturally occurring tRNA nucleoside preQ0, 7‐cyano‐7‐deazaguanosine, which is a central intermediate for other natural occurring 7‐deazapurine nucleosides was synthesized via a copper(I)‐ion‐mediated iodo→carbonitrile exchange. The reaction was performed on the easily accessible 7‐iodo‐7‐deazaguanosine under microwave conditions. The overall reaction yield was 30% starting with the glycosylation reaction of the nucleobase. Corresponding 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides were prepared following the same route.
Ultrasound Assisted Pervaporation Separation of Pyridine/Water Mixtures Using Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Polyacrylonitrile Blend Membranes
Authors: Lv J. , Xiao G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylonitrile blend membranes were prepared to separate pyridine/water mixtures by pervaporation. The membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of membrane composition, feed pyridine concentration, operating temperature, downstream pressure and ultrasound irradiation on the separation process were evaluated. The experimental results indicated that with increasing PVA mass ratio and operating temperature the permeate flux increased but the separation factor decreased, while with increasing feed concentration and downstream pressure the separation factor increased and the permeate flux decreased. It was observed that Ultrasound irradiation enhanced the permeate flux.
Calculation of Vapor‐Liquid Equilibrium Data of Binary Mixtures Using Vapor Pressure Data
Authors: Knorr T. , Aust E. , Jacob K.‐H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe design of plants or unit operations requires the knowledge of data for multicomponent systems. An approach is presented for the regression of binary interaction parameters required for the calculation of activity coefficients. Binary vapor pressure data are used to correlate these parameters for calculation of vapour/liquid equilibrium data. The advantage of the approach is the fact that only easily measured vapor pressure data are required. The procedure is demonstrated by means of two binary mixtures. Parameter regression, prediction of vapour/liquid equilibrium data as well as their experimental verification are demonstrated.
Comments on History of Motor Control
Authors: Granit Ragnar 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Early Attempts at Quantifying Control FunctionsReflex Origin of Basic Ideas on Motor ControlEarly Influence of Electronics: MicroelectrodesIntracellular ApproachBack to Muscular End OrgansImpact of Cybernetics on Motor PhysiologyFeedback Problems in Motor ControlAdvent of Stereotaxis: Subcortical Motor CentersStretch Reflex in Motor ControlComments on Cortical LocalizationReorientation in Concepts and Interests
Controllable synthesis of EuCO3OH microspheres and their thermal conversion to Eu2O3
Authors: Zhang Youjin , Xu Zhenyu , Yin Xiaobin , Fang Zhiyong , Zhu Wei , He Hongmei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEuCO3OH microspheres have been successfully prepared using a facile hydrothermal approach, by using urea as the precipitant without the assistance of any surfactants or templates. Several experimental parameters were examined, such as the reaction temperature, the reaction time, and the molar ratios of the starting reagents. The Eu2O3 microspheres have been prepared by thermal conversion of EuCO3OH microspheres at 800 °C in air for 6 h. The as‐obtained products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis and photoluminescence. The possible growth process for the EuCO3OH microspheres was discussed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of annealing temperatures on properties of sol‐gel grown ZnO‐ZrO2 films
Authors: Ivanova T. , Harizanova A. , Koutzarova T. , Vertruyen B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMixed ZnO‐ZrO2 films have been obtained by sol‐gel technology. By using spin coating method, the films were deposited on Si and glass substrates. The influence of thermal annealings (the temperatures vary from 400 °C to 750 °C) on their structural properties has been studied. The structural behavior has been investigated by the means of XRD and FTIR techniques. The results revealed no presence of mixed oxide phases, the detected crystal phases were related to the hexagonal ZnO and to crystalline ZrO2. The sol‐gel ZnO‐ZrO2 films showed polycrystalline structure with a certain degree of an amorphous fraction. The optical transmittance reached 91% and it diminished with increasing the annealing temperatures. The optical properties of the sol‐gel ZnO‐ZrO2 films, deposited on glass substrates are excellent with high transparency and better then those of pure ZrO2 films, obtained at similar technological conditions. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation of Nd:Y3Al5O12 nanocrystals by low temperature glycol route
Authors: Kaithwas N. , Dave M. , Kar S. , Verma S. , Bartwal K. S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractY3Al5O12, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) single crystals are extensively used as host materials for solid‐state lasers. The materials in nano sizes are of immense importance due to their fascinating physical and chemical properties. Nanocrystals of Nd doped YAG were synthesized by low temperature glycol route. This method consists of a mixing of nitrates in an aqueous media at reasonably low temperatures. The Nd doping concentration was optimized and kept at 2 mol%. The prepared material was annealed at different temperatures. Single phase Nd:YAG nanocrystals were obtained at 850 °C. The prepared nanocrystals were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM techniques for the crystalline phase, crystalline size and structure. The crystalline sizes were obtained in the range of ∼20–30 nm. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Natural hazard insurance in Europe: tailored responses to climate change are needed
Authors: Schwarze Reimund , Schwindt Manijeh , Weck‐Hannemann Hannelore , Raschky Paul , Zahn Ferdinand , Wagner Gert G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the existing systems of natural hazard insurance in Europe, their structural characteristics and peculiarities. It also 0discusses the difficulties of adaptation of these systems to climate change and the growing number of natural disasters. Using Germany, Austria and Switzerland as examples, the paper demonstrates that based on the status quo, the Swiss monopoly insurance system, which is embedded within a unique direct voting environment, is most able to reduce micro‐ and macroeconomic disruptions resulting from natural hazards. ‘Change in diversity’ is seen to offer the best chance to arrive at insurance systems that are prepared for climate change while being adapted to local particularities. Efforts to harmonize national and regional systems as well as top‐down EU initiatives are argued to be inadequate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Iodine‐Induced Solvothermal Formation of Viologen Iodobismuthates
Authors: Chen Yang , Yang Zhou , Guo Cheng‐Xin , Ni Chun‐Yan , Ren Zhi‐Gang , Li Hong‐Xi , Lang Jian‐Ping 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReactions of BiI3, KI, 4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐bipy) and alcohols (methanol, benzyl alcohol, 2‐propanol or propanol) in the presence of I2 and a small amount of water afforded four iodobismuthate complexes of N,N′‐dialkyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium (viologen, V2+), [MV][BiI5] (1, MV2+ = N,N′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium), [BzV]2[Bi2I8(μ‐I)2] (2, BzV2+ = N,N′‐dibenzyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium), [iPV]2[Bi4I10(μ‐I)4(μ3‐I)2] (3, iPV2+ = N,N′‐diisopropyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium) and [PV]2[Bi4I8(μ‐I)8] (4, PV2+ = N,N′‐dipropyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium) under solvothermal conditions. The V2+ dications were formed from iodine‐induced C–O bond cleavage of alcohols followed by alkylation of 4,4′‐bipy. The Bi centre of the [BiI5]2– anion of 1 adopts a square‐pyramidal coordination geometry, whereas the [Bi2I10]4– anion of 2 consists of a dimeric structure comprising two edge‐sharing BiI6 octahedra. The tetranuclear [Bi4I16]4– anion of 3 has an incomplete double cubane structure in which two incomplete [Bi3(μ‐I)2(μ3‐I)2] cubane‐like fragments are fused by sharing two Bi and two μ3‐I atoms, whereas that of 4 contains a bent Bi4 chain in which the [Bi2I10]4– anion of 2 is fused with two BiI6 units through six shared μ‐I atoms. The optical, electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of 1–4 were also investigated.
Fabrication of and Drug Delivery by an Upconversion Emission Nanocomposite with Monodisperse LaF3:Yb,Er Core / Mesoporous Silica Shell Structure
Authors: Yang Yifei , Qu Yuqiu , Zhao Junwei , Zeng Qinghui , Ran Yingying , Zhang Qingbin , Kong Xianggui , Zhang Hong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMonodisperse, uniform, encapsulated mesoporous silicananocomposites with a LaF3:Yb,Er core and a mesoporous silica shell structure, which still exhibit green upconversion photoluminescence (PL) under 980 nm irradiation, have been successfully synthesized and investigated as potential drug delivery systems by using ibuprofen (IBU) as model drug.
Synthesis of 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐Substituted Pyrido[2,3‐b]indoles by C–N, C–O, and C–C(sp) Bond Formation
Authors: Schneider Cédric , Goyard David , Gueyrard David , Joseph Benoît , Goekjian Peter G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐substituted α‐carbolines is described starting from the corresponding chloropyrido[2,3‐b]indoles by Buchwald–Hartwig and Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions. Regioselective Sonogashira reactions on 2,4‐dichloropyrido[2,3‐b]indoles are also presented as an efficient route to unsymmetrically 2,4‐disubstituted α‐carbolines.
In vitro micronucleus screening of pharmaceutical candidates by flow cytometry in Chinese hamster V79 cells
Authors: Nicolette John , Diehl Marilyn , Sonders Paul , Bryce Steve , Blomme Eric 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe previously reported a high concordance of in vitro micronucleus (MNvit) results obtained by flow cytometry to the known cytogenetic activity of ten commercially available compounds mentioned as validation compounds in an early draft of the OECD MNvit TG487 [Bryce et al.,2010; Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD),2007]. The current study investigated this method in Chinese hamster V79 cells with pharmaceutical compounds of unknown genotoxic potential. Twenty‐five compounds from several therapeutic areas such as oncology, neuroscience and immunological research were tested in the flow cytometry assay, and for comparison using the cytokinesis‐block microscopy assay. Five of these 25 compounds were considered positive for micronucleus induction by the microscopy assessment. In all cases, the results from the flow cytometry assessment matched the results of the microscopy assay. Thus, flow cytometry is a viable method for assessing the aneugenic/clastogenic potential of pharmaceutical drug candidates. The flow method offered several advantages over traditional microscopy. For instance, the ratio of micronuclei (MN) to 10,000 nuclei was evaluated in less than 2 min vs. 15 min to manually assess 600 binucleate cells. Evaluation by flow cytometry can be automated, freeing resources and eliminating scorer fatigue. The assay may also provide for mechanistic understanding of MN formation based on size and the ratio of nuclei with sub‐2N DNA content, allowing for discrimination between aneugenic and clastogenic compounds. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The sensitivity of hillslope bedrock erosion to precipitation
Authors: Owen Justine J. , Amundson Ronald , Dietrich William E. , Nishiizumi Kunihiko , Sutter Brad , Chong Guillermo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDecoupling the impacts of climate and tectonics on hillslope erosion rates is a challenging problem. Hillslope erosion rates are well known to respond to changes in hillslope boundary conditions (e.g. channel incision rates) through their dependence on soil thickness, and precipitation is an important control on soil formation. Surprisingly though, compilations of hillslope denudation rates suggest little precipitation sensitivity. To isolate the effects of precipitation and boundary condition, we measured rates of soil production from bedrock and described soils on hillslopes along a semi‐arid to hyperarid precipitation gradient in northern Chile. In each climate zone, hillslopes with contrasting boundary conditions (actively incising channels versus non‐eroding landforms) were studied.Channel incision rates, which ultimately drive hillslope erosion, varied with precipitation rather than tectonic setting throughout the study area. These precipitation‐dependent incision rates are mirrored on the hillslopes, where erosion shifts from relatively fast and biologically‐driven to extremely slow and salt‐driven as precipitation decreases. Contrary to studies in humid regions, bedrock erosion rates increase with precipitation following a power law, from ∼1 m Ma−1 in the hyperarid region to ∼40 m Ma−1 in the semi‐arid region. The effect of boundary condition on soil thickness was observed in all climate zones (thicker soils on hillslopes with stable boundaries compared to hillslopes bounded by active channels), but the difference in bedrock erosion rates between the hillslopes within a climate region (slower erosion rates on hillslopes with stable boundaries) decreased as precipitation decreased. The biotic‐abiotic threshold also marks the precipitation rate below which bedrock erosion rates are no longer a function of soil thickness. Our work shows that hillslope processes become sensitive to precipitation as life disappears and the ability of the landscape to respond to tectonics decreases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluvial dunes: initiation, characterization, flow structure
Authors: Coleman S. E. , Nikora V. I. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractResearch into fluvial dunes spans disciplines, studies at grain to reach scales, and methodological approaches that include theoretical, experimental, numerical and field investigations. Despite significant research efforts to date, it remains difficult to provide definitive answers to some fundamental questions regarding dunes. This paper reviews three notable challenges that remain regarding fluvial dunes, namely scale‐consistent linking of bed morphologies with turbulent flow fields, the intriguing question of what causes trains of highly‐ordered sediment waves to form in beds of river sediments, and how to define the important characteristics of a dune‐covered bed, including lengths, shapes, and their statistical nature. In each case, the particular challenge is discussed and then recent research and ways forward are presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.