bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asian summer monsoon responses under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios in CESM large ensemble simulations
Authors: Choudhury Devanil , Nath Debashis , Chen Wen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe response of the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) circulation to the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and 8.5 (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) forcing scenarios is examined using the CESM1 state-of-the-art global circulation model from 2021 to 2050. The projections show that monsoon precipitation will increase over East Asia, the North Pacific Ocean, the Indian Peninsula, and the Bay of Bengal under the RCP4.5 scenario. Conversely, the South Indian Ocean, West Asia, the Middle East, and the Central Pacific Ocean exhibit a decreasing trend in precipitation. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, precipitation is projected to increase over a wider swath of the Indian Ocean and the Middle East Asia. In the RCP4.5 scenario, the low-level wind circulation is likely to strengthen over the entire northern Indian Ocean, extending to the South China Sea, thereby increasing moisture transport from the Indian Ocean to peninsular India and the South China Sea. Conversely, in the RCP8.5 scenario, easterly winds strengthen over the South Indian Ocean, leading to an increase in moisture transport from the equatorial West Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean. A weak (strong) cyclonic circulation in response to the east-centered (west-centered) low sea level pressure trend over the North Pacific in RCP4.5 (RCP8.5) scenario is projected to help maintaining a strong (weak) ASM circulation from the India to east Asia. Internal climate variability is also calculated, revealing that the North Pacific Ocean near the Bering Sea is likely to play a dominating role and contribute significantly to the future ASM dynamics. In both scenarios, internal variability is found to substantially contribute to changes in monsoon circulation over the Indian Ocean.
Making room for maladaptation
Authors: Madgwick Philip G 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe chapter introduces the proposed concept maladaptation, and the argument of the book about the possibility, reality, and importance of maladaptation to the design of organisms. Evolution by natural selection is presented as the scientific explanation of organism design. Hereditary diseases are discussed as a potential outlier to this explanation, clarifying the separation of evolutionary pressures from chance and necessity, which broadly resolves the explanation of their evolution. Some harmful traits are identified to pose a more persistent problem that the book seeks to explain. The meaning of adaptation is established, and it is asked whether these problematic traits represent maladaptations. Multiple definitions of maladaptation are discussed, concluding that its current usage conflates different evolutionary pressures, owing to it being a neglected concept. Setting aside nonadaptation, a stricter definition is offered that presents maladaptation as the result of natural selection, with symmetry to the concept of adaptation. The implications and potential controversies of this definition are unpacked. Finally, the argument of the book is summarised, along with the key conceptual influences that have shaped it.
Deep origins of maladaptation
Authors: Madgwick Philip G 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe chapter explores the relationship between life and maladaptation, arguing that maladaptation has been inextricably associated with life from its earliest origins in chemical evolution. The origin of life is discussed to establish the origin of the open-ended kind of natural selection that distinguishes biological evolution from its chemical counterparts. Theories of the origin of life are synthesised as either replicator- or organism-first, also identifying hybrid theories that blend elements of each. Despite experimental and theoretical progress, it is argued that the key challenge for understanding the origin of life remains one of imagination. A thought experiment is used to illustrate how chemical evolution has a tendency towards maladaptation, which must be overcome before biological evolution can take off. A simple mechanism is identified that explains not only how biological evolution can get started, but also why it was a probable beginning. Consequently, it is suggested that maladaptation was present from before the beginnings of biological evolution by natural selection, associating it inextricably with all living things.
Power saw noise levels during steel stud cutting tasks on commercial construction sites: a tool characterization from a worker exposure standpoint
Authors: Schutt David , Lipsey Tiffany , Van Dyke Mike , Brazile William J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Construction framers who cut and install steel studs as part of their daily tasks are exposed to hazardous noise levels during their work shift in large part due to the power saws they use to cut steel studs. This investigation characterized the sound pressure levels of power saws used to cut steel studs on active construction sites. Further, the length of time it took to cut various studs on a construction site was investigated to understand worker exposure times to saw noise. In general, power saws used on the study sites to cut steel studs had a mean A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (LAeq) of 107.2 dB and a C-weighted peak sound pressure level (LCpeak) of 120.1 dB. Three of the saws—the chopsaw, the cut-off saw, and the grinder—had similar noise levels, whereas the cordless circular saw had higher noise levels. It took an average of 13.2 s to cut each stud, and workers in the study used power saws to cut steel studs for an average of 371.5 s per day. This average exposure time at the average recorded sound pressure levels (SPLs) suggests these saws can increase the risk of occupational noise-induced hearing loss, according to National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommendations.
Augmentation-Mastopexy With 4-Layer Autologous Fat Grafting and Evaluation of Viability With MRI
Authors: Kandulu Hüseyin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Autologous fat (AF) grafting is widely used in plastic surgery and is generally considered a safe and effective procedure. A combined approach utilizing vibration amplification of sound energy at resonance (VASER) to prepare AF grafts with a 4-layer fat grafting technique was explored in this study.

Objectives
To offer a customized solution that accommodates individual anatomical differences.

Methods
This retrospective, cross-sectional case series involved 40 breasts from 20 female patients who underwent primary augmentation-mastopexy. After removing excess breast tissue and exposing the pedicle, lateral pillars, and pectoral muscle, the 4-layer fat grafting was performed as follows: 150 mL of AF under the pectoral muscle directed toward the medial and central zones; 100 mL into the pectoral muscle toward these zones; 50 mL under the pectoral fascia, moving retrograde from cephalic to caudal portions at a 30° to 45° cannula angle. After closing the epithelial and subepithelial incisions, an additional 100 to 150 mL of AF was injected under the subcutaneous layer around the breast, depending on each patient's contour and breast shape. Patients were monitored for 2 years with MRI scans to assess breast volume, anatomy, and fat graft survival.

Results
The average follow-up was 26 ± 2.81 months. MRI evaluations indicated an efficient survival rate of the fat grafts. None of the patients experienced minor or major complications.

Conclusions
The 4-layer AF grafting technique appears to be a safe and effective procedure for customized breast sculpting in augmentation-mastopexy surgery, with a high rate of fat graft sustainability and survival.

Level of Evidence: 4
Successful thromboaspiration of bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism in a Fontan circulation patient: a case report
Authors: Rifé-Pardo Èlia , Rello Pau , Sambola Antonia , Gordon Blanca 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Fontan surgery aims to palliate univentricular congenital heart diseases in which biventricular repair is not feasible. A large spectrum of early and late complications has been described in literature. However, pulmonary thromboembolism represents a rare complication in these patients, leading to a scarcity of evidence regarding diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Case summary
We present a case of a 27-year-old woman born with a complex cyanotic congenital heart disease, namely pulmonary and tricuspid stenosis with subaortic interventricular communication and atrial septal defect, who underwent palliation surgery with Blalock–Taussig shunt, bidirectional Glenn, and extracardiac Fontan. She developed acute respiratory failure and was admitted to the hospital, being diagnosed with bilateral thromboembolism. Since she was haemodynamically stable, initially, a conservative approach was chosen. However, due to no clinical improvement, she subsequently underwent bilateral thromboaspiration with restoration of pulmonary circulation.

Discussion
Due to the unique Fontan pathophysiology, the possible physiological and clinical implications of pulmonary thromboembolism in this condition are profound. Thus, care and imaging tests in specialized centres are important as the management of these patients is different from those with biventricular physiology.
Acquisitions of safety-net hospitals from 2016–2021: a case series
Authors: Wood Christian , Chen Xinwei , Schpero William , Chatterjee Paula 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Safety-net hospitals have recently become targets of acquisition by health systems with the stated purpose of improving their financial solvency and preserving access to safety-net services. Whether acquisition achieves these goals is unknown. In this descriptive case series, we sought to determine the factors that contribute to safety-net hospital acquisition, and identify whether safety-net services are preserved after acquisition. We examined 22 acquisitions of safety-net hospitals from 2016 to 2021 and described characteristics of the acquired safety-net hospitals, their acquiring systems, and the operational fate of acquired hospitals. Relative to other hospitals in the same Hospital Referral Region in the year prior to acquisition, acquired safety-net hospitals tended to be smaller and have lower occupancy rates. Acquiring systems were geographically concentrated, with only 6 of 20 systems operating in more than 1 state. Safety-net hospitals frequently offered typical safety-net services prior to acquisition. However, after acquisition, 2 of the 22 acquired safety-net hospitals lost safety-net services, 3 hospitals ceased inpatient services, and 1 hospital closed entirely. These findings suggest that acquisition of safety-net hospitals may be associated with trade-offs related to the provision of safety-net services for the communities that stand to benefit from them most.
Temporal evolution of ascending aortic aneurysm wall stress predicts all-cause mortality
Authors: Zamirpour Siavash , Gulati Arushi , Xuan Yue , Leach Joseph R , Saloner David A , Guccione Julius M , Boskovski Marko T , Ge Liang , Tseng Elaine E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Diameter-based risk stratification for elective repair of ascending aortic aneurysm fails to prevent type A dissection in many patients. Aneurysm wall stresses may contribute to risk prediction; however, rates of wall stress change over time are poorly understood. Our objective was to examine aneurysm wall stress changes over 3–5 years and subsequent all-cause mortality.

METHODS
Male veterans with &lt;5.5 cm ascending aortic aneurysms and computed tomography at baseline and 3- to 5-year follow-up underwent three-dimensional aneurysm model construction. Peak circumferential and longitudinal wall stresses at systole were calculated using finite element analysis. Temporal trends were assessed by mixed-effects modelling. Changes in aortic wall stresses, diameter and length over time were evaluated as predictors of subsequent 3-year all-cause mortality by Cox proportional hazards modelling.

RESULTS
Sixty-two male veterans were included in the study. Yearly changes in geometric and biomechanical measures were 0.12 mm/year (95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.20) for aortic diameter, 0.41 mm/year (0.12–0.71) for aortic length, 1.19 kPa/year −5.94 to 8.33) for peak circumferential stress, and 0.48 kPa/year (−3.89 to 4.84) for peak longitudinal stress. Yearly change in peak circumferential stress was significantly associated with hazard of death—hazard ratio for peak circumferential stress growth per 10 kPa/year, 1.27 (95% CI, 1.02–1.60; P = 0.037); hazard ratio for peak circumferential stress growth ≥ 32 kPa/year, 8.47 (95% CI, 2.42–30; P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
In this population of nonsurgical aneurysm patients, large temporal changes in peak circumferential stress, but not aortic diameter or length, was associated with all-cause mortality. Biomechanical stress and stress changes over time may be beneficial as additional risk factors for elective surgery in small aneurysms.
Contrasting Phenotypes of Neutrophils During Asymptomatic Versus Symptomatic Leishmania braziliensis Infection
Authors: Conceição Jacilara A , Carneiro Pedro P , Dórea Andreza S , Oliveira Walker N , Muniz Aline C , Carvalho Edgar M , Wilson Mary E , Bacellar Olívia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The mechanisms that mediate immune protection in individuals with subclinical (SC) or asymptomatic infection with Leishmania braziliensis are largely unknown. Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]) have been implicated in progressive symptomatic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), but their potential participation in maintenance of subclinical infection is unexplored. The aim of this study was to compare the phenotypic and functional profiles of PMNs in individuals with SC infection versus patients with symptomatic CL due to L braziliensis.

Methods
Subjects were recruited in the endemic region of Corte de Pedra, Bahia, Brazil. Surface markers to define activation status were characterized by flow cytometry. Functional responses of PMNs including phagocytic capacity, production of oxidative species, and oxidative killing of intracellular parasites were studied in vitro.

Results
PMNs from individuals with SC infection displayed a more activated phenotype and greater ability to control the infection than PMNs from patients with CL. In contrast, PMNs from patients with CL exhibited higher expression of HLA-DR and higher production of oxidative species than PMNs from subjects with SC infection.

Conclusions
PMNs from individuals with SC infection can control the infection more efficiently than PMNs from patients with CL, despite the lower production of oxidants. Our observations suggest that L braziliensis may evade microbicidal mechanisms of PMNs from patients with CL, contributing to parasite dissemination and the establishment of disease.
Cognitive Enhancement, Hyperagency, and Responsibility Explosion
Authors: Gordon Emma C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hyperagency objections appeal to the risk that cognitive enhancement may negatively impact our well-being by giving us too much control. I charitably formulate and engage with a prominent version of this objection due to Sandel (2009) —viz., that cognitive enhancement may negatively impact our well-being by creating an “explosion” of responsibilities. I first outline why this worry might look prima facie persuasive, and then I show that it can ultimately be defended against. At the end of the day, if we are to resist cognitive enhancement, it should not be based on a Sandel-style hyperagency argument.
The biological significance of tumor grade, age, enhancement, and extent of resection in IDH-mutant gliomas: How should they inform treatment decisions in the era of IDH inhibitors?
Authors: van den Bent Martin J , French Pim J , Brat Daniel , Tonn Joerg C , Touat Mehdi , Ellingson Benjamin M , Young Robert J , Pallud Johan , von Deimling Andreas , Sahm Felix , Figarella Branger Dominique , Huang Raymond Y , Weller Michael , Mellinghoff Ingo K , Cloughsey Tim F , Huse Jason T , Aldape Kenneth , Reifenberger Guido , Youssef Gilbert , Karschnia Philipp , Noushmehr Houtan , Peters Katherine B , Ducray Francois , Preusser Matthias , Wen Patrick Y 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The 2016 and 2021 World Health Organization 2021 Classification of central nervous system tumors have resulted in a major improvement in the classification of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas. With more effective treatments many patients experience prolonged survival. However, treatment guidelines are often still based on information from historical series comprising both patients with IDH wild-type and IDH-mutant tumors. They provide recommendations for radiotherapy and chemotherapy for so-called high-risk patients, usually based on residual tumor after surgery and age over 40. More up-to-date studies give a better insight into clinical, radiological, and molecular factors associated with the outcome of patients with IDH-mutant glioma. These insights should be used today for risk stratification and for treatment decisions. In many patients with IDH-mutant grades 2 and 3 glioma, if carefully monitored postponing radiotherapy and chemotherapy is safe, and will not jeopardize the overall outcome of patients. With the INDIGO trial showing patient benefit from the IDH inhibitor vorasidenib, there is a sizable population in which it seems reasonable to try this class of agents before recommending radio-chemotherapy with its delayed adverse event profile affecting quality of survival. Ongoing trials should help to further identify the patients that are benefiting from this treatment.
The Importance of Sound to the Formation of Presence
Authors: Grimshaw-Aagaard Mark 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard uses his chapter to highlight the importance of sound in the formation of presence in video games and to provide a conceptual model for understanding the formation of presence. Following some terminological clarification, the chapter outlines some of the debates on presence and immersion in the fields of virtual reality and video games using first-person perspective. Grimshaw-Aagaard provides a model of externality and self and uses this to show how sound waves from externality lead to the initial other-presences of a perceptual environment—it is against these other-presences that the self is defined and within this environment that the self is present.
Semiotics and the Negotiation of Musical Communication in Video Game Music
Authors: Hart Iain 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Iain Hart finds beauty in the mess of meanings that arises from interaction with video game music. Although music might be composed to communicate specific meanings to the player within gameplay, the inherent variability of human interaction may result in a failure to communicate those meanings as intended. And yet, miscommunications and missed communications still result in meaningful and semiotically relevant gameplay experiences. Hart suggests that the communication of meanings between player and game is the result of a negotiation that continues throughout gameplay, an ongoing conversation between the player and the composer about the meaning of musical signs.
Musical Repetition and Predictive Gameplay in Rhythm Games
Authors: Lind Stephanie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Stephanie Lind explores the phenomenon of rhythm games by wondering if players untrained in music theory have an intuitive awareness of the musical structures of the games and use this to predict dance moves and gestures. Through analyses of rhythm games like Dance Dance Revolution and Just Dance, Lind highlights instances of kinesonic congruence (the synchronization of gesture with sound) in order to discover the role that repetition plays in these games. Lind concludes that nonmusical players have a visceral understanding of musical pattern and articulation, and that the kinesonic congruence the players experience aids in their perceptions of such patterns.
Press Start to (Fore)Play
Authors: Austin Michael L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Michael L. Austin begins his chapter with a history of sonic representations of sex and sexuality in erotic film and pornography, tracing the friction between such media and public morals and showing how the media borrowed musical tropes and clichés from mainstream media and used developments in technology to make the soundtrack hyperreal. Austin then turns his attention to sonic depictions of heterosexuality in mainstream video games such as The Sims, as well as a range of niche games, before focusing on sonic representations of homosexuality. Throughout, Austin shows how the use of music and sound supports the developing role of games as tools for constructively “enacting our real-life identity and personhood.”
Playing with American Folk Music, Supernatural Encounters, and Perspectives on Death
Authors: Smucker Peter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Peter Smucker focuses on the use of American folk songs in video games and the effects of interpretations of these songs on the player experience. As Smucker shows, the specific use of preexisting American folk songs and freshly composed country music can affect the player’s social encounters and acceptance of a character’s death during gameplay through their use of supernatural and religious tropes. The chapter focuses on the player’s interaction with supernatural boundaries in the game, which separate aspects of life and death. By highlighting Southern Gothic features and Appalachian beliefs in music, Smucker offers the player new perspectives on the game character’s life, death, and afterlife.
Synergy and Syncs
Authors: Arditi David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
David Arditi uses the term “unending consumption” to describe developments in early 21st century capitalism whereby, rather than expanding the consumer base, an industry thrives by supplying the same consumer base with ever more goods. This shift in focus is used by Arditi to illustrate strategic changes in the music recording industry that took place in the early 2000s: a response to the revenue challenges posed by the video game industry by blurring the lines between gamer and music fan. Arditi explains this phenomenon by examining synchronization licenses and the later use of gaming platforms to live-stream music concerts. It is through this industry synergy, Arditi argues, that the recording industry has secured new means of revenue generation, enabling it to thrive in the new millennium.
Onna no Jidai
Authors: McCorkle Okazaki Brooke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Brooke McCorkle Okazaki asks the question “What did it mean to be a woman composer and sound designer [for video games] in 1980s Japan?” The question, triggered by a chance finding of a contemporary photograph of some of Capcom’s female composers and sound designers, leads McCorkle Okazaki to explore further issues regarding the politics, economy, and the social conditions for women in Japanese corporate culture of the time, and the subsequent visibility of these particular women’s contributions to video games. The tale of the demise of this singular and short-lived instance of women’s ability to find a creative space for their labor in Japan mirrors the all-too-common situation of women the world over—economic collapse in 1990s Japan, reproductive pressures, and the dominance of male composers and sound designers means that female contributions to video game music and sound risks being forgotten.