bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micropolar hyper‐elastoplasticity: constitutive model, consistent linearization, and simulation of 3D scale effects
Authors: Bauer S. , Dettmer W. G. , Perić D. , Schäfer M. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYA computational model for micropolar hyperelastic‐based finite elastoplasticity that incorporates isotropic hardening is developed. The basic concepts of the non‐linear micropolar kinematic framework are reviewed, and a thermodynamically consistent constitutive model that features Neo‐Hooke‐type elasticity and generalized von Mises plasticity is described. The integration of the constitutive initial value problem is carried out by means of an elastic‐predictor/plastic‐corrector algorithm, which retains plastic incompressibility. The solution procedure is developed carefully and described in detail. The consistent material tangent is derived. The micropolar constitutive model is implemented in an implicit finite element framework. The numerical example of a notched cylindrical bar subjected to large axial displacements and large twist angles is presented. The results of the finite element simulations demonstrate (i) that the methodology is capable of capturing the size effect in three‐dimensional elastoplastic solids in the finite strain regime, (ii) that the formulation possesses a regularizing effect in the presence of strain localization, and (iii) that asymptotically quadratic convergence rates of the Newton–Raphson procedure are achieved. Throughout this paper, effort is made to present the developments as a direct extension of standard finite deformation computational plasticity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topology design of reactive mufflers for enhancing their acoustic attenuation performance and flow characteristics simultaneously
Authors: Lee Jin Woo , Jang Gang‐Won 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYWhen seeking to enhance the acoustic attenuation performance of a reactive muffler, it is necessary to ensure that the flow resistance does not increase significantly. To date, there have been very few attempts to simultaneously optimize the transmission loss and pressure drop of a muffler. In this study, a multiobjective topology optimization problem is formulated to maximize the transmission loss at a target frequency and minimize the pressure drop simultaneously. The objective function in the formulation is given as the sum of weighted transmission loss and weighted pressure drop. The effect of the weighting factors on the optimal topologies of a muffler is investigated. Furthermore, the physical interpretation of partition layouts of optimized mufflers is discussed. The proposed muffler design method involving multiobjective topology optimization is compared with the previous muffler design method that involves single‐objective topology optimization to maximize only the transmission loss. The most important advantage of this study is shown by considering numerical results; the proposed muffler design method is applicable to nonconcentric expansion chamber mufflers, unlike the previous muffler design method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resolvins E1 and D1 inhibit interstitial fibrosis in the obstructed kidney via inhibition of local fibroblast proliferation
Authors: Qu Xinli , Zhang Xueming , Yao Jun , Song Jiangning , Nikolic‐Paterson David J , Li Jinhua 
Published: May 2012

AbstractResolvin E1 (RvE1) is a naturally occurring lipid‐derived mediator generated during the resolution of inflammation. The anti‐inflammatory effects of RvE1 have been demonstrated in a variety of disease settings; however, it is not known whether RvE1 may also exert direct anti‐fibrotic effects. We examined the potential anti‐fibrotic actions of RvE1 in the mouse obstructed kidney—a model in which tissue fibrosis is driven by unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO), an irreversible, non‐immune insult. Administration of RvE1 (300 ng/day) to mice significantly reduced accumulation of α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ myofibroblasts and the deposition of collagen IV on day 6 after UUO. This protective effect was associated with a marked reduction of myofibroblast proliferation on days 2, 4 and 6 after UUO. RvE1 treatment also inhibited production of the major fibroblast mitogen, platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB), in the obstructed kidney. Acute resolvin treatment over days 2–4 after UUO also had a profound inhibitory effect upon myofibroblast proliferation without affecting the PDGF expression, suggesting a direct effect upon fibroblast proliferation. In vitro studies established that RvE1 can directly inhibit PDGF‐BB‐induced proliferation in primary mouse fibroblasts. RvE1 induced transient, but not sustained, activation of the pro‐proliferative ERK and AKT signalling pathways. Of note, RvE1 inhibited the sustained activation of ERK and AKT pathways seen in response to PDGF stimulation, thereby preventing up‐regulation of molecules required for progression through the cell cycle (c‐Myc, cyclin D) and down‐regulation of inhibitors of cell cycle progression (p21, cip1). Finally, siRNA‐based knock‐down studies showed that the RvE1 receptor, ChemR23, is required for the anti‐proliferative actions of RvE1 in cultured fibroblasts. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that RvE1 can inhibit fibroblast proliferation in vivo and in vitro, identifying RvE1 as a novel anti‐fibrotic therapy. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Live imaging in zebrafish reveals neu(trophil) insight into the metastatic niche
Authors: Patton E Elizabeth 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNon‐cancerous immune cells can significantly contribute to tumour progression and metastases. Neutrophils associated with tumours can both promote and inhibit tumour progression, but less is known about how non‐associated immune cells contribute to cancer biology. In a recent issue of the Journal of Pathology, He and colleagues use non‐invasive, high‐resolution imaging of the whole living animal to provide a compelling glimpse at how physiological migration of neutrophils can prepare a metastatic niche and how their activities can be altered by the unintended consequences of targeted therapeutics. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognosis and outcome of relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A Hong Kong pediatric hematology and Oncology Study Group report
Authors: Leung Alex Wing Kwan , Vincent Lee , Chiang Alan Kwok Shing , Lee Anselm Chi Wai , Cheng Frankie Wai Tsoi , Cheuk Daniel Ka Leung , Luk Chung Wing , Ling Siu Cheung , Li Chi Kong 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundIn 2000, the Hong Kong Pediatric Hematology Oncology Study Group started a new relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment protocol based on modified ALL‐REZ BFM 96 protocol aiming at improving the treatment outcome in Chinese children.ProcedureAll patients in Hong Kong with first relapse of childhood ALL were included. Patients were stratified into four risk groups (S1, S2, S3, and S4) and the treatment consisted of intensive chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, if indicated.ResultsFifty‐six patients were recruited and median age at diagnosis of ALL was 4.6 (range, 0.3–17) years. The median time from initial diagnosis to relapse was 2.5 (range, 0.3–9.1) years and follow‐up time was 2.7 (range, 0–9.9) years. Forty‐nine patients (87.5%) achieved second complete remission (CR2). CR2 rates for S1, S2, S3, and S4 groups were 100%, 93%, 90%, and 67%, respectively. Five‐year overall survival (OS) was 50.5 ± 6.9% and event‐free survival (EFS) was 41.5 ± 7.1%. There was no significant difference in survival among S1, S2, and S3 groups but S4 patients performed significantly worse with 5‐year OS and EFS of 8% and 0%, respectively.ConclusionChildren with relapsed ALL of S1–S3 risk groups could be successfully treated with intensified treatment protocol. The S4 high risk group needs more innovative approach to improve treatment outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:454–460. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fertility treatments, congenital malformations, fetal loss, and childhood acute leukemia: The ESCALE study (SFCE)
Authors: Rudant Jérémie , Amigou Alicia , Orsi Laurent , Althaus Thomas , Leverger Guy , Baruchel André , Bertrand Yves , Nelken Brigitte , Plat Geneviève , Michel Gérard , Sirvent Nicolas , Chastagner Pascal , Ducassou Stéphane , Rialland Xavier , Hémon Denis , Clavel Jacqueline 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the relationships between childhood acute leukemia (AL) and selective maternal and birth characteristics, including congenital malformations and the use of fertility treatment, for which the literature remains scarce.ProcedureThe national registry‐based case–control study ESCALE was carried out in France in 2003–2004. Population controls were frequency matched with cases on age and gender. Data were obtained from structured telephone questionnaires. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated using unconditional regression models adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsIn all, 764 cases of AL (648 lymphoblastic AL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL) and 101 myeloblastic AL) and 1,681 controls were included. The AL cases' mothers reported congenital malformations more frequently than the controls' mothers (OR = 1.5 [1.0–2.4]). ALL was significantly associated with the use of fertility treatment for the index pregnancy (OR = 1.9 [1.3–2.8]). In particular, ALL was associated with ovulation induction only (OR = 2.6 [1.6–4.3]), but not with in vitro fertilization (IVF, OR = 1.0 [0.4–2.3]) or artificial insemination (OR = 1.3 [0.5–3.9]). A positive association was also observed for the difficulty of becoming pregnant without fertility treatment (OR = 1.5 [1.0–2.1]). AL was positively associated with a history of voluntary abortion (OR = 1.4 [1.1–1.8]) but not with a history of spontaneous (OR = 0.8 [0.7–1.0]) or therapeutic (OR = 0.7 [0.5–1.1]) abortion.ConclusionThe results suggest that subfertility in itself and ovulation induction may be associated with ALL, and support a positive association with congenital malformations. The links with the various types of fertility drugs and the underlying causes of infertility need to be investigated further. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:301–308. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Economic survivorship stress is associated with poor health‐related quality of life among distressed survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Hamilton Jada G. , Wu Lisa M. , Austin Jane E. , Valdimarsdottir Heiddis , Basmajian Katie , Vu AnnaMarie , Rowley Scott D. , Isola Luis , Redd William H. , Rini Christine 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a demanding cancer treatment associated with enduring physical and psychological complications. Survivors' well‐being may be further compromised by exposure to chronic stressors common to this population, including difficulties arising from costly medical care, changes in employment status, and health insurance coverage. Thus, we hypothesized that financial, employment, and insurance stressors (collectively referred to as economic survivorship stressors) would be associated with poorer health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among hematopoietic stem cell transplantation survivors.MethodsSurvivors (n = 181; M = 640 days post‐transplant) completed the measures of study variables through mailed questionnaires and telephone interviews. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to test the hypothesized associations between economic survivorship stressors and HRQOL, and to examine whether social and situational factors interact with survivors' stress perceptions to predict HRQOL.ResultsGreater financial and employment stress were associated with poorer functioning across multiple HRQOL domains, even after controlling for the effects of possible confounding sociodemographic and medical variables. Insurance stress was not associated with HRQOL. Some associations were moderated by situational factors including timing of the current financial crisis and portion of the transplant paid for by health insurance.ConclusionsHematopoietic stem cell transplantation survivors can face serious economic challenges during recovery. Results suggest the value of viewing these challenges as chronic stressors capable of reducing survivors' mental and physical well‐being. Identifying resources and skills that help survivors cope with these demands is an important goal for clinicians and researchers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional significance of four successive glycine residues in the pyrophosphate binding loop of fungal 6‐oxopurine phosphoribosyltransferases
Authors: Moynié Lucile , Giraud Marie‐France , Breton Annick , Boissier Fanny , Daignan‐Fornier Bertrand , Dautant Alain 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) is a key enzyme of the purine recycling pathway that catalyzes the conversion of 5‐phospho‐ribosyl‐α‐1‐pyrophosphate and guanine or hypoxanthine to guanosine monophosphate (GMP) or inosine monophosphate (IMP), respectively, and pyrophosphate (PPi). We report the first crystal structure of a fungal 6‐oxopurine phosphoribosyltransferase, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HGPRT (Sc‐HGPRT) in complex with GMP. The crystal structures of full length protein with (WT1) or without (WT2) sulfate that mimics the phosphate group in the PPi binding site were solved by molecular replacement using the structure of a truncated version (Δ7) solved beforehand by multiwavelength anomalous diffusion. Sc‐HGPRT is a dimer and adopts the overall structure of class I phosphoribosyltransferases (PRTs) with a smaller hood domain and a short two‐stranded parallel β‐sheet linking the N‐ to the C‐terminal end. The catalytic loops in WT1 and WT2 are in an open form while in Δ7, due to an inter‐subunit disulfide bridge, the catalytic loop is in either an open or closed form. The closure is concomitant with a peptide plane flipping in the PPi binding loop. Moreover, owing the flexibility of a GGGG motif conserved in fungi, all the peptide bonds of the phosphate binding loop are in trans conformation whereas in nonfungal 6‐oxopurine PRTs, one cis‐peptide bond is required for phosphate binding. Mutations affecting the enzyme activity or the previously characterized feedback inhibition by GMP are located at the nucleotide binding site and the dimer interface.
Testing anisotropic string compactifications in the lab
Authors: Cicoli M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe derive type IIB vacua which are very promising to put string theory to experimental test. These are Calabi‐Yau compactifications with a 4D fibration over a 2D base. The moduli are fixed in such a way to obtain a very anisotropic configuration where the size of the 2D base is exponentially larger than the size of the 4D fibre. These provide stringy realisations of the supersymmetric large extra dimensions scenario and extensions of the ADD scenario which are characterised by TeV‐scale strings and two micron‐sized extra dimensions. We also study the phenomenological properties of hidden Abelian gauge bosons which mix kinetically with the ordinary photon and get a mass via the Green‐Schwarz mechanism. We show that anisotropic compactifications lead naturally to dark forces for an intermediate string scale or even to a hidden CMB for the extreme case of TeV‐scale strings.
Solution structure and small angle scattering analysis of TraI (381–569)
Authors: Wright Nathan T. , Raththagala Madushi , Hemmis Casey W. , Edwards Sheldon , Curtis Joseph E. , Krueger Susan , Schildbach Joel F. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTraI, the F plasmid‐encoded nickase, is a 1756 amino acid protein essential for conjugative transfer of plasmid DNA from one bacterium to another. Although crystal structures of N‐ and C‐terminal domains of F TraI have been determined, central domains of the protein are structurally unexplored. The central region (between residues 306 and 1520) is known to both bind single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) and unwind DNA through a highly processive helicase activity. Here, we show that the ssDNA binding site is located between residues 381 and 858, and we also present the high‐resolution solution structure of the N‐terminus of this region (residues 381–569). This fragment folds into a four‐strand parallel β sheet surrounded by α helices, and it resembles the structure of the N‐terminus of helicases such as RecD and RecQ despite little sequence similarity. The structure supports the model that F TraI resulted from duplication of a RecD‐like domain and subsequent specialization of domains into the more N‐terminal ssDNA binding domain and the more C‐terminal domain containing helicase motifs. In addition, we provide evidence that the nickase and ssDNA binding domains of TraI are held close together by an 80‐residue linker sequence that connects the two domains. These results suggest a possible physical explanation for the apparent negative cooperativity between the nickase and ssDNA binding domain. Proteins 2012; © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Titanium Addition on As Cast Structure and Macrosegregation of High‐Carbon High‐Chromium Steel
Authors: Razavinejad Reza , Firoozi Sadegh , Mirbagheri Seyed Mohammad Hossein 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn casting heavy ingots of high‐chromium high‐carbon cold work steels, macrosegregation develops in the center of the ingot, causing difficulties during subsequent hot working. Heat transfer and solidification of an industrial scale high‐carbon high‐chromium steel ingot was simulated and thereafter a laboratory scale representative ingot was designed to model the solidification of the industrial scale ingot. Titanium in the range of 0.3–1% was added to the high‐chromium high‐carbon (12%Cr–2%C) steel during melting process. Microstructures, macrosegregation and phase formations were studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, wave dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, optical emission spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Addition of 0.3% titanium was sufficient to diminish the macrosegregation; however it did not have a significant effect on the grain size. Addition of 0.7 and 1% titanium had a substantial effect on grain size in the longitudinal direction and refined the primary carbides structure. The formation of small TiC carbides that precipitated before solidification of liquid iron acted as nuclei for primary pro‐eutectic austenite grains.
The Enhanced Even and Pitting Corrosion Resistances of Bulk Nanocrystalline Steel in HCl Solution
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Gang , Sun Miao , Long Kang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe studied the corrosion properties of bulk nanocrystalline 304 stainless steel (BN‐SS304) produced by severe rolling technique and conventional polycrystalline 304 stainless steel (CP‐SS304) with immersion test, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultra‐violet photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer, and scanning electron microscope. Immersion test was carried out in 0.5 mol L−1 HCl solution for 30 days immersion interval at room temperature. It is well known that the pitting corrosion of stainless steel could be inevitable in solution containing Cl−. However, BN‐SS304 can scarcely suffer from pitting corrosion with the compact oxide film on its corrosion surface and less corrosion rate in comparison with CP‐SS304. The less corrosion rate of BN‐SS304 was attributed to the stronger O2 adsorption and compact oxide film on its corrosion surface, its less weight of 4s–4s valence electrons and its larger work function in comparison with CP‐SS304. The improved pitting corrosion resistance of BN‐SS304 resulted from the compact oxide film, weaker Cl− adsorption and less Cl− chemical activity on its corrosion surface.
Reframing the Biotechnology Debate: The Deconstructive Efforts of the Council for Responsible Genetics
Authors: Zschau Tony , Adams Alison E. , Shriver Thomas E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe demonstrate the analytical utility of social movement theory for understanding the framing efforts of the anti‐biotechnology movement. We content‐analyzed electronic and printed documents from the anti‐biotech watchdog group, the Council of Responsible Genetics to identify the movement's diagnostic and prognostic framing efforts. Our findings suggest that while the organization blends frame extension and frame translation strategies it aims for a more radical frame transformation project. Moving the public debate away from overly technical and scientized frames toward issues of social utility and democracy, it tries to recast biotechnologies as a violation of individual and collective rights. Drawing from our findings we offer a number of suggestions for how future research can help further illuminate the interactive and discursive realities of modern technological developments.
Optimal design of broadband radome using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Chiba Hidetoshi , Nishizawa Kazushi , Miyashita Hiroaki , Konishi Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper presents an optimal radome design using particle swarm optimization (PSO) which has recently drawn considerable attention in a wide range of applications. The frequency characteristics of the transmission coefficient for the radome are adopted as the objective function, and the radome wall thickness and radome shape are optimized. Furthermore, in order to enhance the reliability of the original PSO, we introduce a concept analogous to ‘mutation’ in genetic algorithms. Numerical experiments reveal that the mutation operation is capable of considerably enhancing the stability and the reliability of the PSO. We also confirm that the PSO is successfully applied to the problem of a practical radome design, and the transmission coefficient attained by the PSO is above the targeted value of −1 dB for the entire frequency bandwidth and for all evaluated beam scan angles. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Incorporating reserve supplying demand response in customer's decision making model for simultaneous energy and reserve markets
Authors: Behrangrad Mahdi , Sugihara Hideharu , Funaki Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this letter, the customer profit‐maximization‐model is expanded to incorporate the probabilistic profit of reserve supply. This extended model will change the customer behavior and therefore will affect the system performance. The analysis of the extended model is carried out to show how this model, considering energy and reserve market parameters, affects the customer decision. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.