bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life history traits of the exploited limpet Patella candei (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda) of the north-eastern Atlantic
Authors: Henriques P. , Sousa R. , Pinto A.R. , Delgado J. , Faria G. , Alves A. , Khadem M. 
Published: September 2011

Life history traits of Patella candei were studied for the first time, including weight versus length relationship, growth, age structure, sexual maturity, recruitment pattern, mortality rates and yield and biomass-per-recruit of an exploited population in Madeira Island, north-eastern Atlantic using monthly length–frequency data from January to December 1999. The growth pattern of P. candei showed positive allometric nature of growth (b > 3, P < 0.05). The estimated growth parameters showed an asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) estimated at 80.81 mm and K at 0.32 year−1 with a growth performance index (φ′) calculated as 3.32 based on the collected data. This species is moderately long-lived reaching up to 9.36 years and achieving sexual maturity at 36.7 mm of shell length. The recruitment pattern was continuous, displaying a major peak event per year, occurring in January (25.12%). The estimated total mortality rate (Z) was 1.79 year−1 while natural mortality rate (M) was 0.55 year−1 and fishing mortality rate (F) was 1.24 year−1. The probability of capture shows that the length at first capture (Lc) was 42.7 mm, the exploitation rate (E) 0.693 and the maximum allowable limit of exploitation (Emax) was 0.779 for the highest yield. The exploitation rate was less than the predicted Emax values, showing that the stock of P. candei was found to be under-exploited in the investigated area; however, its slow growth and long life make it extremely vulnerable to over-exploitation.
In vitro culture and developmental cycle of the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium sp. from the blue crab Callinectes sapidus
Authors: LI CAIWEN , MILLER TERRENCE L. , SMALL HAMISH J. , SHIELDS JEFFREY D. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYHematodinium is a genus of parasitic dinoflagellates whose species have caused significant mortalities in marine crustacean fisheries worldwide. A species of Hematodinium infects the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus on the eastern seaboard of the USA. The mode of transmission of the parasite in blue crabs is unknown. We established several continuous in vitro cultures of Hematodinium sp. isolated from the haemolymph of infected blue crabs. One isolate has been continuously maintained in our laboratory through serial subcultivation for over 12 months, and is capable of infecting new hosts when inoculated into healthy crabs. Cells of the parasite undergo characteristic developmental changes in vitro consistent with the identifiable stages of Hematodinium sp.: filamentous trophonts, amoeboid trophonts, arachnoid trophonts and sporonts, sporoblasts, prespores and dinospores (macrospores and microspores). Additionally, we describe an unusual shunt in the life cycle wherein presumptive schizonts derived from arachnoid sporonts developed into filamentous and arachnoid trophonts that can then initiate arachnoid sporonts in new cultures. This may explain the rapid proliferation of the parasite in blue crab hosts. We also found that temperature and light intensity affected the growth and development of the parasite in vitro.
Is ideal theory practical?
Authors: SAGAR RAHUL 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article examines how the exemplars of ideal theory have addressed what I term ‘the problem of preservation’. The ‘problem’ in question is not so much that a political community must make provisions for its self-preservation, but rather that its provisions must correspond to the intentions and capabilities of its neighbours. This constraint implies that the ability of a political community to pursue ideals rather than power depends heavily on who its neighbours happen to be. This article shows how Aristotle, Rousseau, Kant, and Rawls address this problem by recommending measures such as defensive fortification, collective security, and democratic peace, which, they claim, will dampen the anarchic nature of the international system. It argues that the implausibility of these measures renders the ability of political communities to heed the moral guidance offered by ideal theory contingent at best and impractical at worst. If proponents of ideal theory wish to resist this conclusion, then they must offer a more persuasive answer to the problem of preservation.
Minimizing conservation conflict for endemic primate species in Atlantic forest and uncovering knowledge bias
Authors: PINTO MÍRIAM PLAZA , GRELLE CARLOS EDUARDO VIVEIROS 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYHuman population is a predictor of mammal extinction risk, an indicator of conservation conflict and habitat conversion, and is thus associated with the threats to primate species. Priority areas that represent endemic primates in Atlantic Forest were identified where all counties had the same cost or where the costs of counties varied according to human population size (HPS); networks for both approaches consisted of nine counties. In the networks without human constraint, the average HPS was not higher than expected by chance alone. In the approach with human population constraint, HPS was not lower than the average of the null distribution. Although it is possible to minimize human conservation conflict, available occurrence data of endemic primates seems to be related to highly populated areas. The sum of HPS is greater in counties with some occurrence data than expected by chance. Conservation conflicts in the Atlantic Forest will continue to exist once this is the Brazilian most populous region, and data availability is directly related to counties' HPS. Field surveys are necessary to minimize Wallacean shortfall and efforts must be made to maintain the few natural areas remaining in this biome to promote the conservation of endemic primates and other biodiversity elements.
Paying the forest for electricity: a modelling framework to market forest conservation as payment for ecosystem services benefiting hydropower generation
Authors: ARIAS MAURICIO E. , COCHRANE THOMAS A. , LAWRENCE KEITH S. , KILLEEN TIMOTHY J. , FARRELL TRACY A. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThe operation and longevity of hydropower dams are often negatively impacted by sedimentation. Forest conservation can reduce soil erosion, and therefore efforts to maintain upstream forest cover within a watershed contribute to the economic life span of a hydropower facility. The cost of forest conservation can be viewed as an investment in hydropower and be financed via a payment for ecosystem services (PES) scheme. A novel modelling framework is used to estimate payments for forest conservation consisting of: (1) land-use change projection; (2) watershed erosion modelling; (3) reservoir sedimentation estimation; (4) power generation loss calculation; and (5) PES scheme design. The framework was applied to a proposed dam in Cambodia (Pursat 1). The estimated net present value of forest conservation was US$ 4.7 million when using average annual climate values over 100 years, or US$ 6.4 million when considering droughts every eight years. This can be remunerated with annual payments of US$ 4.26 ha−1 or US$ 5.78 ha−1, respectively, covering forest protection costs estimated at US$ 0.9 ha−1 yr−1. The application of this type of PES represents a rational option that allows for conservation and development of hydropower watersheds susceptible to erosion and sedimentation.
Application of Colloidal Palladium Nanoparticles for Labeling in Electron Microscopy
Authors: Vancová Marie , Šlouf Miroslav , Langhans Jan , Pavlová Eva , Nebesářová Jana 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe application of palladium nanoparticles as electron-dense markers for labeling in both transmission and scanning electron microscopy requires their conjugation to a specific protein. The conjugation protocol described here includes the dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) capping of Pd nanoparticles (8 nm equivalent diameter) and their subsequent covalent attachment to functional protein molecules such as streptavidin, protein A, or avidin. The single-step reaction was mediated using the cross-linking agent ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC). The final Pd conjugates were fully functional, as demonstrated by labeling of ultrathin resin sections of either bovine serum albumin or secretory granules of the salivary gland isolated from the partially fed femaleIxodes ricinustick. The results of bovine serum labeling were quantified, statistically evaluated, and compared with results obtained using commercially available gold particle conjugates (10 nm diameter). The highest values of labeling density were achieved using both streptavidin-Pd (106 ± 7 particles/μm2) and protein A-Au conjugates (130 ± 18 particles/μm2) compared to a commercial streptavidin-Au (66 ± 16 particles/μm2) and protein A-Pd conjugates (70 ± 11 particles/μm2). The concentrations of both DHLA and EDC, pH during conjugation, and finally thorough washing away of unbound proteins crucially influenced conjugation.
Reply to “Limusaurus and bird digit identity”
Authors: Xu Xing , Clark James , Choiniere Jonah , Hone David , Sullivan Corwin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractVargas et al. agree with us that a lateral shift in theropod dinosaur digits occurred prior to the origin of birds, but contend that it occurred as a single “frameshift” with little outward change to the three main digits involved^1^. We consider the digital morphology of Limusaurus, other ceratosaurs, and non-avian tetanurans to provide evidence that the shift was stepwise, and that a stepwise shift better explains theropod manual morphology than a hidden frameshift.
BioPax and SBML output from Reactome: where we are, where we are heading
Authors: Croft David 
Published: September 2011

AbstractReactome is a free, open-source, open access, pathway database. Currently, Reactome has over 5000 human proteins, involved in over 4000 manually curated reactions. Additionally, it has nearly 30,000 reactions inferred by orthology projection from human to 20 other model organisms. Facilities exist for exporting single pathways or the entire database to either BioPax or SBML. SBML generation now uses libSBML, ensuring syntactic correctness, and has adopted MIRIAM URIs for references to external databases. For the future, we anticipate that users will be able to submit a list of species to Reactome and obtain as an output customized BioPax or SBML, based on reactions extracted from Reactome.
Spatial navigation and multiscale representation by hippocampal place cells
Authors: Prentice Jason , Merel Josh , Balasubramanian Vijay 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHippocampal lesions are known to impair success in navigation tasks. While such tasks could be solved by memorizing complete paths from a starting location to the goal, animals still perform successfully when placed in a novel starting position. We propose a navigation algorithm to solve the latter problem by exploiting two facts about hippocampal organization: (1) The size of the place fields of hippocampal place cells varies systematically along the dorsoventral axis, with dorsal place cells having smaller place fields than ventral (Kjelstrup et. al. 2008); and (2) the theta oscillation propagates as a traveling wave from dorsal to ventral hippocampus (Lubenov and Siapas, 2009). Taken together, these observations imply that the hippocampal representation of space progresses from fine- to coarse-grained within every theta cycle.The algorithm assumes that place cells can be activated by the animal's imagining a goal location, in addition to physically standing in the appropriate location. In the proposed algorithm, place cell activation propagates from small scale to large scale until place cells are found which respond strongly to both the physical location and the goal location. These place fields have their centers aligned roughly in the direction of the goal, providing a crude estimate of which direction the animal should step to approach the goal. Fine-grained directional information is contained in the smaller scale place fields within these large ones. Our algorithm therefore identifies a sequence of place cells, one from each scale, whose centers lie roughly along the line to the goal.Simulations reveal successful navigation to the goal, even around obstacles. By minimizing the number of steps the animal takes to reach the goal, we predict the organization of the optimal place field "map"; specifically the fraction of place cells which should be allocated to each spatial scale. This prediction is, in principle, experimentally testable.The set of place fields with centers lying along a line to the goal is used to compute a step direction by maximizing the probability that those cells will be active in the next time step, given that a particular step direction is chosen.The proposed algorithm handles navigation around obstacles by including "border cells" (Solstad et. al. 2008) which inhibit place cells in proportion to the degree of overlap between the place field and the obstacle. Furthermore, including firing rate adaptation of place cells prevents the animal from getting stuck in one spot.
Genesis
Authors: Gardner Juliette 
Published: September 2011

As part of the course at York each person is given the task of creating a character to present to the rest of the group. About ten weeks are allowed for its growth but hardly any of the preparation for it is done in course time. The character must dress, bring what props, use whatever dramatic style its character feels to be appropriate. It is presented by “living” in public a short scene from its everyday life. Then the character is interviewed by the audience and must reply in rôle. It is hoped that people will remember and refer to what Constantin Stanislavsky has to say about building a character. (His books “Building a Character” and “Creating a Rôle” are both published by Methuen.) The following is an account of the creation of one such character. (Ed.)
TopiaryExplorer: visualizing large phylogenetic trees with environmental metadata
Authors: Pirrung Meg , Kennedy Ryan , Caporaso J. Gregory , Stombaugh Jesse , Wendel Doug , Knight Rob 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Microbial community profiling is a highly active area of research, but tools that facilitate visualization of phylogenetic trees and associated environmental data have not kept up with the increasing quantity of data generated in these studies.
Results: TopiaryExplorer supports the visualization of very large phylogenetic trees, including features such as the automated coloring of branches by environmental data, manipulation of trees and incorporation of per-tip metadata (e.g. taxonomic labels).
Availability: http://topiaryexplorer.sourceforge.net
Contact: rob.knight@colorado.edu
Light-Dependent Regulation ofDEL1Is Determined by the Antagonistic Action of E2Fb and E2Fc
Authors: Berckmans Barbara , Lammens Tim , Van Den Daele Hilde , Magyar Zoltan , Bögre Laszlo , De Veylder Lieven 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEndoreduplication represents a variation on the cell cycle in which multiple rounds of DNA replication occur without subsequent chromosome separation and cytokinesis, thereby increasing the cellular DNA content. It is known that the DNA ploidy level of cells is controlled by external stimuli such as light; however, limited knowledge is available on how environmental signals regulate the endoreduplication cycle at the molecular level. Previously, we had demonstrated that the conversion from a mitotic cell cycle into an endoreduplication cycle is controlled by the atypical E2F transcription factor, DP-E2F-LIKE1 (DEL1), that represses the endocycle onset. Here, the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) DEL1 gene was identified as a transcriptional target of the classical E2Fb and E2Fc transcription factors that antagonistically control its transcript levels through competition for a single E2F cis-acting binding site. In accordance with the reported opposite effects of light on the protein levels of E2Fb and E2Fc, DEL1 transcription depended on the light regime. Strikingly, modified DEL1 expression levels uncoupled the link between light and endoreduplication in hypocotyls, implying that DEL1 acts as a regulatory connection between endocycle control and the photomorphogenic response.
Sickle cell nephropathy – a practical approach
Authors: Sharpe Claire C. , Thein Swee L. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryDespite its apparently simple molecular aetiology, sickle cell disease (SCD) has long been known to have a remarkably variable clinical course, with complications involving many organs including the kidneys. Whilst many affected individuals show no evidence of renal involvement into late adulthood, others develop renal dysfunction in childhood or early adult life with a significant proportion eventually requiring renal replacement therapy. This review explores the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) and discusses how each complication can be investigated, monitored and managed in the outpatient setting. We summarize current knowledge of genetic modulation of sickle‐related renal dysfunction. We outline the evidence for various treatment options and discuss others for which little evidence currently exists.
Perceived environmental restrictions for the participation of children with mild developmental disabilities
Authors: Rosenberg L. , Ratzon N. Z. , Jarus T. , Bart O. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim  In light of the International Classification of Functioning, and Health (ICF) model, to assess whether parents of children with mild developmental disabilities perceived various environmental factors as barriers to their child's participation, and whether these factors have a unique contribution to the total explained variance of participation, beyond personal factors.Methods  Seventy‐nine kindergarten children (mean age 5.20 ± 0.52 years old) with mild developmental disabilities and their parents participated in the study. Three questionnaires measuring the child's participation, performance skills and environmental factors were completed by the parents.Results  Parents perceived environmental factors as slightly restricting to their child's participation. Associations were found between home and education factors and the dimensions of child participation – independence, enjoyment and parental satisfaction. Although parents perceived human environmental factors as more restricting than physical factors at home, regression analysis revealed that the latter was found to affect the child participation dimension of independence beyond the contribution of personal factors.Interpretation  These findings are the first, to our knowledge, to support the contribution of environmental factors to the participation of young children with mild developmental disabilities. The results show that environmental factors have significant slight contribution to child's independence in participation beyond other predictors (i.e. personal factors). Therefore, it is recommended to include environmental restrictions measurement in the child evaluation process to facilitate effective intervention programs.
Iron content of Cambodian foods when prepared in cooking pots containing an iron ingot
Authors: Charles Christopher V. , Summerlee Alastair J. S. , Dewey Cate E. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryObjectives  To investigate the effect of cooking with an iron ingot on the iron content of several water and Cambodian food preparations.Methods  Various food and water samples were prepared, in replicate, in glass and aluminium pots with and without an iron ingot. The samples were subjected to iron content analysis using standard ICP–OES procedures.Results  Prepared with an ingot, the iron content was 76.3 μg iron/g higher in lemon water, 32.6 μg iron/g higher in pork soup and 3.3 μg iron/g higher in fish soup, than in the same foods prepared without an ingot. Acidity of the food samples was positively associated with iron leaching.Conclusions  Even when taking into account the low bioavailability of contaminant iron, approximately 75% of the daily iron requirement can be met by consuming 1L of lemon water prepared with an iron ingot. Its use may be a cheap and sustainable means of improving iron intake for those with iron‐deficient diets.
Clinical application of mTORi based immunosuppression for renal transplantation in India
Authors: Chacko Bobby 
Published: September 2011

Chacko B. Clinical application of mTORi based immunosuppression for renal transplantation in India.  Clin Transplant 2012: 26: 1–15.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Long‐term renal graft survival is hampered by allograft dysfunction and cardiovascular disease resulting from calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). This has led to the development of immunosuppressive regimens involving mammalian target of rapamaycin (mTOR) inhibitors, sirolimus and everolimus. They seem to provide long‐term benefits for kidney function in transplant patients because of their anti‐proliferation and anti‐tumor properties and absence of nephrotoxicity. Their use has been evaluated in therapeutic regimens aimed at reducing the nephrotoxicity associated with CNIs. Both proactive and reactive strategies have been used. Whether existing strategies of using mTORi in renal transplantation is applicable for Indian patient’s remains to be seen. Data on side effect profile, economic viability and the impact of these drugs on infections, particularly in India, are worth documenting. After briefly reviewing available data from India, this article explores the indications, patient populations; timing and practical aspects as well as the safety and efficacy of mTORi‐based regimens for renal transplantation and suggests a framework which could allow transplant physicians to tailor its use to their own practice with particular reference to the Indian subcontinent.
Use of deferiprone for iron chelation in patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia
Authors: Jamuar Saumya Shekhar , Lai Angeline Hwei Meeng , Tan Ah Moy , Chan Mei Yoke , Tan Ee Shien , Ng Ivy Swee Lian 
Published: September 2011

Aim:  To conduct a retrospective case analysis of the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of deferiprone in our population.Methods:  All patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia at KK Hospital who have been on deferiprone were included in the study. Outcomes measured include the change in ferritin levels and cardiac T2* values during deferiprone therapy, and incidence of side effects.Results:  Thirty‐three (47.1%) of the total cohort of 70 patients have been on deferiprone, out of which 26 were on combination therapy with desferrioxamine. Majority of the patients (76%) had stable cardiac iron load during deferiprone therapy, and four patients with moderate to severe cardiac iron load showed improvement. Ten patients (30.3%) had improvement in their ferritin levels. Three patients (9.1%) developed mild neutropenia at 3, 18 and 26 months, respectively, and two patients (6.1%) had agranulocytosis at 4 and 10 months, respectively. Their neutrophil counts improved spontaneously after cessation of deferiprone. Thrombocytopenia developed in 27.3% of the patients and was transient in majority (77.8%) of the patients. Five patients (15.2%) developed arthritis that improved after cessation of deferiprone therapy, and one patient had transient arthralgia that resolved spontaneously. Three patients (9.1%) had nausea and abdominal pain.Conclusion:  Deferiprone effectively reduced or stabilised cardiac iron load in our patients. Thrombocytopenia, arthropathy, neutropenia and agranulocytosis are the most important side effects. It is recommended that patients on deferiprone have their full blood counts monitored weekly for the first year of therapy and subsequently fortnightly as long as they are on deferiprone.