bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent Motifs but Overlapping Binding Repertoires of Six HLA-DQ Molecules Frequently Expressed in the Worldwide Human Population
Authors: Sidney John , Steen Amiyah , Moore Carrie , Ngo Sandy , Chung Jolan , Peters Bjoern , Sette Alessandro 
Published: September 2010

AbstractKnowledge of the binding repertoires and specificities of HLA-DQ molecules is somewhat limited and contradictory, partly because of the scarcity of reports addressing some of the most common molecules and possibly because of the diversity of the techniques used. In this paper, we report the development of high-throughput binding assays for the six most common DQ molecules in the general worldwide population. Using comprehensive panels of single substitution analogs of specific ligands, we derived detailed binding motifs for DQA1*0501/DQB1*0301, DQA1*0401/DQB1*0402, and DQA1*0101/DQB1*0501 and more detailed motifs for DQA1*0501/DQB1*0201, DQA1*0301/DQB1*0302, and DQA1*0102/DQB1*0602, previously characterized on the basis of sets of eluted ligands and/or limited sets of substituted peptides. In contrast to what has previously been observed for DR and DP molecules, DQ motifs were generally less clearly defined in terms of chemical specificity and, strikingly, had little overlap with each other. However, testing a panel of peptides spanning a set of Phleum pratense Ags, and panels of known DQ epitopes, revealed a surprisingly significant and substantial overlap in the repertoire of peptides bound by these DQ molecules. Although the mechanism underlying these apparently contradictory findings is not clear, it likely reflects the peculiar mode of interaction between DQ (and not DR or DP) molecules and their peptide ligands. Because the DQ molecules studied are found in &gt;85% of the general human population, these findings have important implications for epitope identification studies and monitoring of DQ-restricted immune responses.
Plasticity and Heterogeneity in the Generation of Memory B Cells and Long-Lived Plasma Cells: The Influence of Germinal Center Interactions and Dynamics
Authors: Good-Jacobson Kim L. , Shlomchik Mark J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the humoral response, short-lived plasmablasts generate an early burst of Ab that probably plays an initial protective role. Simultaneously, another arm of the response is often triggered that leads to delayed effector function but long-term protection. This arm comprises the germinal center response and its products: long-lived memory B (Bmem) cells and plasma cells (PCs). The factors that control the differentiation of PCs and Bmem cells, as well as the composition and function of the memory compartment—how it self-renews while generating rapid secondary effector function—are poorly understood. Recent work in mice and humans is beginning to illuminate these issues. We review this progress, with emphasis on events in the germinal center, especially B–T interactions, which influence the development of memory and PC compartments and on Bmem cell heterogeneity that may underlie flexibility and self-renewal of long-lived humoral immunity.
p300-Mediated Acetylation Stabilizes the Th-Inducing POK Factor
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Jiali , Rui Jinxiu , Liu Xiaolong 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The lineage-specifying factor Th-inducing POK (ThPOK) directs the intrathymic differentiation of CD4 T cells. Although the regulation of ThPOK at the transcription level has been extensively studied, specific posttranslational modifications regulating the activity of ThPOK have not been addressed. In this paper, we show that ThPOK is an unstable protein that is more readily degraded in CD8 T cells compared with CD4 T cells. Among the various proteins that bind ThPOK, acetyltransferase p300 specifically promotes the acetylation of ThPOK at K210, K216, and K339, outcompeting ubiquitination, thereby stabilizing the protein. In CD4 T cells, attenuation of p300-mediated acetylation promotes the degradation of ThPOK. In contrast, mutation of lysines 210, 216, and 339 to arginines stabilizes ThPOK and enhances its ability to suppress the expression of CD8 molecule and cytotoxic effectors in CD8 T cells. Our results reveal an essential role of p300-mediated acetylation in regulating the stability of ThPOK and suggest that such regulation may play a part in CD4/CD8 lineage differentiation.
Discrete TCR Repertoires and CDR3 Features Distinguish Effector and Foxp3+ Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Induced Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Nguyen Phuong , Liu Wei , Ma Jing , Manirarora Jean N. , Liu Xin , Cheng Cheng , Geiger Terrence L. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) expressing the Foxp3 transcription factor are critical modulators of autoimmunity. Foxp3+ Tregs may develop in the thymus as a population distinct from conventional Foxp3− αβ T cells (Tconvs). Alternatively, plasticity in Foxp3 expression may allow for the interconversion of mature Tregs and Tconvs. We examined &gt;160,000 TCR sequences from Foxp3+ or Foxp3− populations in the spleens or CNS of wild-type mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis to determine their relatedness and identify distinguishing TCR features. Our results indicate that the CNS-infiltrating Tregs and Tconvs arise predominantly from distinct sources. The repertoires of CNS Treg or Tconv TCRs showed limited overlap with heterologous populations in both the CNS and the spleen, indicating that they are largely unrelated. Indeed, Treg and Tconv TCRs in the CNS were significantly less related than those populations in the spleen. In contrast, CNS Treg and Tconv repertoires strongly intersected those of the homologous cell type in the spleen. High-frequency sequences more likely to be disease associated showed similar results, and some public TCRs demonstrated Treg- or Tconv-specific motifs. Different charge characteristics and amino acid use preferences were identified in the CDR3β of Tregs and Tconvs infiltrating the CNS, further indicating that their repertoires are qualitatively distinct. Therefore, discrete populations of Tregs and Tconvs that do not substantially interconvert respond during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Differences in sequence and physical characteristics distinguish Treg and Tconv TCRs and imply dissimilar Ag recognition properties.
A Crucial Role for Host APCs in the Induction of Donor CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cell-Mediated Suppression of Experimental Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Tawara Isao , Shlomchik Warren D. , Jones Angela , Zou Weiping , Nieves Evelyn , Liu Chen , Toubai Tomomi , Duran-Struuck Raimon , Sun Yaping , Clouthier Shawn G. , Evers Rebecca , Lowler Kathleen P. , Levy Robert B. , Reddy Pavan 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is an effective treatment for a number of malignant and nonmalignant diseases (Applebaum. 2001. Nature. 411: 385–389 and Copelan. 2006. N Engl J Med. 354: 1813–1826). However, the application of this therapeutic modality has been impeded by a number of confounding side effects, the most frequent and severe of which is the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (Copelan. 2006. N Engl J Med. 354: 1813–1826 and Blazar and Murphy. 2005. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 360: 1747–1767). Alloreactive donor T cells are critical for causing GVHD (Fowler. 2006. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 57: 225–244 and Ferrara and Reddy. 2006. Semin Hematol. 43: 3–10), whereas recent data demonstrated a significant role for the naturally occurring thymic-derived donor CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) (Bluestone and Abbas. 2003. Nat Rev Immunol. 3: 253–257 and Shevach. 2006. Immunity. 25: 195–201) in suppressing experimental GVHD after bone marrow transplantation (Blazar and Taylor. 2005. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl. 11: 46–49 and Joffe and van Meerwijk. 2006. Semin Immunol. 18: 128–135) . Host APCs are required for induction of GVHD by the conventional donor T cells. However, it is not known whether they are also obligatory for donor Treg-mediated suppression of GVHD. Using multiple clinically relevant MHC-matched and -mismatched murine models of GVHD, we investigated the role of host APCs in the suppression of GVHD by donor Tregs. We found that alloantigen expression by the host APCs is necessary and sufficient for induction of GVHD protection by donor Tregs. This requirement was independent of their effect on the maintenance of Treg numbers and the production of IL-10 or IDO by the host APCs.
The STINT‐NMR Method for Studying In‐cell Protein‐Protein Interactions
Authors: Burz David S. , Shekhtman Alexander 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis unit describes critical components and considerations required to study protein‐protein structural interactions inside a living cell by using NMR spectroscopy (STINT‐NMR). STINT‐NMR entails sequentially expressing two (or more) proteins within a single bacterial cell in a time‐controlled manner and monitoring their interactions using in‐cell NMR spectroscopy. The resulting spectra provide a complete titration of the interaction and define structural details of the interacting surfaces at the level of single amino acid residues. The advantages and limitations of STINT‐NMR are discussed, along with the differences between studying macromolecular interactions in vitro and in vivo (in‐cell). Also described are considerations in the design of STINT‐NMR experiments, focusing on selecting appropriate overexpression plasmid vectors, sample requirements and instrumentation, and the analysis of STINT‐NMR data, with specific examples drawn from published works. Applications of STINT‐NMR, including an in‐cell methodology to post‐translationally modify interactor proteins and an in‐cell NMR assay for screening small molecule interactor libraries (SMILI‐NMR) are presented. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 61:17.11.1‐17.11.15. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Signal Transduction During Activation and Inhibition of Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Watzl Carsten , Long Eric O. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are important for early immune responses to viral infections and cancer. Upon activation, NK cells secrete cytokines and chemokines, and kill sensitive target cells by releasing the content of cytolytic granules. This unit is focused on the signal transduction pathways that regulate NK cell activities in response to contact with other cells. We will highlight signals regulating NK cell adhesion to target cells and describe the induction of cellular cytotoxicity by the engagement of different NK cell activation receptors. Negative signaling induced by inhibitory receptors opposes NK cell activation and provides an important safeguard from NK cell reactivity toward normal, healthy cells. We will discuss the complex integration of the different signals that occur during interaction of NK cells with target cells. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 90:11.9B.1‐11.9B.17. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Expansion of Human Embryonic Stem Cells on Cellulose Microcarriers
Authors: Chen Allen K. , Chen Xiaoli , Choo Andre B.H. , Reuveny Shaul , Oh Steve K.W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis unit describes the routine maintenance and expansion of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESC) on cellulose microcarriers. Conventionally, hESCs have been maintained on feeder cells or extracellular matrix–coated two‐dimensional tissue culture plates. The expansion of hESC on a tissue culture platform is limited by the available surface area and the requirement of repetitive subculturing to reach the required cell yield. Here, we show that expansion of hESC can be carried out in a three‐dimensional suspension culture using Matrigel‐coated cellulose microcarriers. hESCs from a tissue culture plate can be seeded directly onto the microcarriers; hESC microcarrier culture is passaged and expanded by mechanical dissociation of the cells without enzyme. Expansion of the culture in a 100‐ml spinner flask is also described. Long‐term culture of hESC on the microcarriers maintains typical pluripotent markers (OCT‐4, Tra‐1‐60, and SSEA‐4) and stable karyotype. Spontaneous differentiations of microcarrier‐maintained hESCs in vitro (embryoid body formation) and in vivo (teratoma formation in SCID mouse) have demonstrated formation of the three germ layers. These protocols can also be applied equally well to human induced pluripotent stem cells. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 14:1C.11.1‐1C.11.14. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Increased muscle interstitial levels of inflammatory cytokines in polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: Kreiner Frederik , Langberg Henning , Galbo Henrik 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectivePolymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is characterized by aching of the proximal muscles and increased blood levels of markers of inflammation. Despite the muscle complaints, the current view is that symptoms are caused by inflammation in synovial structures. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the disease mechanisms in symptomatic muscles by measuring interstitial levels of cytokines before and after prednisolone treatment.MethodsTwenty glucocorticoid‐naive patients newly diagnosed as having PMR and 20 control subjects were studied before and after 14 days of prednisolone therapy (20 mg/day). Interstitial concentrations of interleukin‐1α/β (IL‐1α/β), IL‐1 receptor antagonist, IL‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were measured in symptomatic vastus lateralis and trapezius muscles using the microdialysis technique. Plasma levels were measured simultaneously.ResultsPrednisolone abolished symptoms in all of the PMR patients within 1–2 days; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein levels were normalized on day 14. In both muscles, interstitial concentrations of all cytokines were markedly higher (P < 0.05) in the PMR patients than in the controls before treatment. In both patients and controls, interstitial levels of most cytokines were higher than plasma levels, with the exception of IL‐1α and TNFα, which were lower in both groups. In the PMR patients, interstitial concentrations were normalized after prednisolone treatment.ConclusionThis study introduces a novel view of PMR, indicating that increased interstitial levels of inflammatory cytokines in symptomatic muscles play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease and that cytokines may be released locally. To explore the disease specificity, similar studies in other primary inflammatory conditions are warranted.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhombohedral LaCuO3: High‐Pressure Synthesis of Single Crystals and Structure Refinement.
Authors: WEIGL C. , RANGE K.‐J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Isomerization of 3‐Acetylpyridines to Cyclobuta(c) pyridines Involving Norrish Type II Reactions.
Authors: SAKAMOTO M. , FUJIHIRA M. , TAKAHASHI M. , ENOMOTO K. , NISHIMIYA N. , FUJITA T. , WATANABE S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Evidence for a Strong Enaminic Character of 3,4‐Diaminothiophene: A Fast Carbon‐Carbon Coupling with 4,6‐Dinitrobenzofuroxan.
Authors: TERRIER F. , POUET M.‐J. , KIZILIAN E. , HALLE J.‐C. , OUTURQUIN F. , PAULMIER C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Pyrazolo(1,5‐c)pyrimidinethiones with Hydrazine: Synthesis of Novel Substituted Pyrazolo(1,5‐c)pyrimidine and Pyrazolo(1,5‐c) tetrazolo(1,5‐a)pyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: MAREI M. G. , EL‐GHANAM M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation on the Synthesis and Properties of Arylpiperazinylalkyl Derivatives of Some Dihydro‐ and Tetrahydropyrido(2,3‐d)pyrimidines.
Authors: SLADOWSKA H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Indole Glucosinolates. Part 2. Synthesis of Indole Glycosinolates, Sugar Variants of Naturally Occurring Glucobrassicin.
Authors: GARDRAT C. , QUINSAC A. , JOSEPH B. , ROLLIN P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Calicheamicin γI 1. Part 1. Synthesis of the Oligosaccharide Fragment.
Authors: GRONEBERG R. D. , MIYAZAKI T. , STYLIANIDES N. A. , SCHULZE T. J. , STAHL W. , SCHREINER E. P. , SUZUKI T. , IWABUCHI Y. , SMITH A. L. , NICOLAOU K. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of NaSr4(EuW10O36)×34.5 H2O.
Authors: YAMASE T. , OZEKI T. , UEDA K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of R2Co17Nx Type Interstitial Compounds.
Authors: LIU J. P. , BRABERS J. H. V. J. , WINKELMAN A. J. M. , MENOVSKY A. A. , DE BOER F. R. , BUSCHOW K. H. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zero Kinetic Energy Photoelectron Spectra of Jet‐Cooled Aniline.
Authors: SONG X. , YANG M. , DAVIDSON E. R. , REILLY J. P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Racemic α‐Thio‐ and α‐Seleno‐Aldehydes: Asymmetric Synthesis of Optically Active Vicinal Thio‐ and Seleno‐Alcohols.
Authors: WATANABE M. , KOMOTA M. , NISHIMURA M. , ARAKI S. , BUTSUGAN Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Directed Toward the Design of Chiral Acylating Agents. The Utility of Chiral N‐Benzoylimides in Enantioselective Alcohol Acylation.
Authors: EVANS D. A. , ANDERSON J. C. , TAYLOR M. K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Acylation of 3‐Mercaptopropane‐1,2‐diol by Lipase‐ Catalyzed Transesterification.
Authors: BALDESSARI A. , IGLESIAS L. E. , GROS E. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (2Z,4E)‐1,3,6‐Triacetoxyhexa‐2,4‐diene a Novel Diels‐Alder Diene Precursor of Cyclohexanones.
Authors: ARECES P. , ROMAN E. , POZO M. C. , SERRANO J. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Bond Directed Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition Reactions of Allylic 2‐Amides.
Authors: CURRAN D. P. , GOTHE S. A. , CHOI S.‐M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic Degradation of Cyclic Acetals in Aqueous Titanium Dioxide Suspension.
Authors: BREZOVA V. , BREZA M. , CEPPAN M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Closure Reactions of Alkenyl Oximes Induced by Persulfate Anion Oxidation of Diphenyl Diselenide. Formation of 1,2‐Oxazines and Cyclic Nitrones.
Authors: TIECCO M. , TESTAFERRI L. , TINGOLI M. , BAGNOLI L. , MARINI F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.