bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diettary Approach to Stop Hypertension Adherence and Associated Factor Among Individuals With Hypertension in West Gojjam Zone Public Hospitals, North West Ethiopia, 2023:mixed approach
Authors: Asmare Melaku , Mengistu Berhanu , Desalegn Nigatu , Derso Terefe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background; - Hypertension is a major public health concern with a higher contribution to world morbidity and mortality. DASH diet adherence is key to maintain blood pressure levels and prevent its complications but in Ethiopia, there is a limited evidence about its adherence. This research explores the DASH diet adherence and fill knowledge gaps. Objective;-The aim of this study was to identify DASH diet adherence and associated factors and explore barriers and contributing factors among individuals with hypertension in West Gojjam Zone public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023.
Method; - A cross-sectional study supplemented with a qualitative approach was used among 582 participants. A systematic random sampling and purposeful sampling technique were used for participant selection. Epi Info version 7.5 for data entry and STATA 17 for analysis were used. Open Code 4.2 was used for thematic analysis of qualitative data. In bivariable analysis, a p value of 0.2 was entered into multivariable analysis. Crude odd ratio (COR) and then an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% CI was also used to measure the strength, and the significance of the variable was declared at a p value of ≤0.05.
Result; - The overall proportion of good DASH diet adherence of the study was 40.7% [CI; 36.65, 44.7]). A multivariable logistic regression showed that who had good knowledge about hypertension (AOR=2.54, CI: [1.66-3.88]), Strong social support(AOR=3.4, CI: [1.12, 4.4]), presence of co- comorbidity( AOR=2, CI;[1.71, 4.52]), presence of family history (AOR1=3, CI; [1.37, 7.0]) and diagnosis duration of HTN >10 years(AOR;3.3 CI;[1.1, 9.8]) and 5-10 years(AOR=2.38, CI;[1.23, 4.55]) were significantly associated with good DASH diet adherence. Economic problem, lack of family support, working condition, inaccessibility of the diet and social life were also a barrier for good adherence.
Conclusion; this study has revealed that only two-fifths of respondents had with good DASH diet adherence. Good knowledge for hypertension, presence of family history, presence of comorbidity, strong social support, and long duration of hypertension diagnosis were significantly associated with DASH diet adherence. Financial problems, the inaccessibility of diet, working condition, social life interactions, and the absence of family support were barriers to good adherence. Nutritional education, increasing production of fruit and vegetables are recommended.
Learning from patient safety: A 5-year retrospective analysis (2017-2022) of incidents from a primary care-based education provider
Authors: Musa Afsha , Musa Afsha , Witton Robert , Witton Robert , Ali Kamran , Ali Kamran , McColl Ewen , McColl Ewen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background. Patient safety incident reporting and analysis are often confined to secondary care, despite 95% of dentistry occurring in primary care. Peninsula Dental Social Enterprise (PDSE) delivers primary care dentistry in education-based settings, using a report-review-action process to underpin its patient safety framework.
Aim. This article analyses trends in clinical incident data, reflecting on learning to improve overall patient safety.
Methods. A retrospective observational study was employed to analyse incidents over a five-year period (2017-2022) using anonymised data from the PDSE reporting system.
Results. Over the 5-year reporting period, there were an average of 13.1 total incidents per 1,000 appointments. Sub-analysis of reported incidents revealed 1.5 clinical incidents, and 0.9 ‘near miss’ incidents. A soft-tissue injury rate of 0.6, a contamination injury rate of 0.9 and 0.3 written complaints were reported per 1,000 appointments.
Conclusion. Patient safety is a key component of quality dental care, especially when delivering clinical dental education. PDSE fosters an environment of transparency, enabling the provider to monitor incident rates. This results in quality improvement systems which sit at the heart of clinical delivery. With a lack of data published from similar settings, comparison to the sector is limited. Further sharing of data is encouraged to enable standardisation and quality benchmarking.
A moderated mediation analysis of the quality of life, gambling craving, escape expectancies and gambling disorder relationships.
Authors: Awo Larry O. , Nwonyi Sampson K. , Igwe Ernest A. , Orakwe Daniella C. , Agbo Aaron A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We test a moderated mediation model in which the effect of quality of life on gambling disorder was mediated by escape, and this mediation effect was further moderated by gambling craving. Participants (N = 197: 83% male, M age = 24.05 years, SD age = 7.23 years) online gamblers took part in the survey and responded to the Problem Gambling Severity Index, Gambling Quality of Life Scale, Gambling Outcome Expectancies Scale – Escape, and the Gambling Craving Scale. PROCESS macro analysis result reveals a significant moderated mediation effect of the QoL-escape path by GAC. The findings provide support for escape outcome expectancies as a potential pathway through which the QoL-GD association may thrive specifically, influenced by how disordered gamblers crave for gambling generally. We contribute to growing QoL-GD literature. However, further investigations are needed to reach a consensus on craving as a criterion for GD.
Shotgun metagenomics reveals environmental instability reduces resistance to shocks by enriching specialist taxa with distinct two component regulatory systems
Authors: Mills Simon , Ijaz Umer , Lens Piet 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Different microbial communities are impacted disproportionately by environmental disturbances. The degree to which a community can remain stable when faced with a disturbance is referred to as resistance. However, the contributing ecological factors, which infer a community’s resistance are unknown. In this study, we investigate the impact of historical environmental stability on ecological phenomena and in turn, microbial community resistance to shocks. Three separate methanogenic consortia, which were subjected to varying degrees of historical environmental stability, and displayed different levels of resistance to an organic overload were sampled. Their community composition was assessed using high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and assembly based metagenomics. A suite of ecological analysis were applied to determine the effect of environmental stability on ecological phenomena such as microbial community assembly, microbial niche breadth and the rare biosphere and in turn, the effect of these phenomena on community resistance. Additionally, metagenome assembled genomes were analysed for functional effects of prolonged stability/instability. The system which was subjected to more environmental instability experienced more temporal variation in community beta diversity and a proliferation of specialists, with more abundant two component regulatory systems. This community was more susceptible to deterministic community assembly processes caused by a large environmental disturbance. These results imply that microbial communities experiencing longer term environmental instability (e.g. variations in pH or temperature) are less able to resist a large disturbances.
Introducing the antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation potentials of biosynthesized chitosan, chitosan-ZnO, and chitosan-ZnO/PVP nanoparticles
Authors: Aouadi Abdelatif , Saoud Djamila Hamada , Rebiai Abdelkrim , Achouri Abdelhak , Benabdesselam Soulef , El-Mordy Fatma Mohamed Abd , Pohl Pawel , Ahmad Sheikh F. , Attia Sabry M. , Abulkhair Hamada S. , Ararem Abderrahmane , Messaoudi Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The development of nanomaterials has been speedily established in recent years, yet nanoparticles synthesized by traditional methods suffer unacceptable toxicity and the sustainability of the procedure for synthesizing such nanoparticles is inadequate. Consequently, green biosynthesis, which employs biopolymers, is gaining attraction as an environmentally sound alternative to less sustainable approaches. Chitosan-encapsulated nanoparticles exhibit exceptional antibacterial properties, offering a wide range of uses. Chitosan, obtained from shrimp shells, aided in the environmentally friendly synthesis of high-purity zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with desirable features such as the extraction yield (41%), the deacetylation (88%), and the crystallinity index (74.54%). The particle size of ZnO NPs was 12 nm, while that of chitosan-ZnO NPs was 21 nm, and the bandgap energies of these nanomaterials were 2.5 and 2.3, respectively. The strong antibacterial action was demonstrated by ZnO NPs, chitosan-ZnO NPs, and chitosan-ZnO/PVP, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, making them appropriate for therapeutic use. The photocatalytic degradation abilities were also assessed for all nanoparticles. At a concentration of 6×10− 5 M, chitosan removed 90.5% of the methylene blue (MB) dye, ZnO NPs removed 97.4%, chitosan-coated ZnO NPs removed 99.6%, while chitosan-ZnO/PVP removed 100%. In the case of toluidine blue (TB), at a concentration of 4×10− 3 M, the respective efficiencies were 96.8%, 96.8%, 99.5%, and 100%, respectively. Moreover, in sillico toxicity studies were conducted to predict the organ-specific toxicity through ProTox II software. The results from the three tested samples were completely safe and showed no organ-specific toxicity.
Application of precision whole-process nursing care to patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck tumors based on a Patient- Hospital-Share model
Authors: Dan Wang , Li Xie , Jiantao Wang , Hanni Zhang , Li Junying , Zhiping Li , Qing You , Yanchu Li 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Radiotherapy patients need real-time nursing management due to their high daily mobility to improve the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy and reduce the risk of related adverse reactions and recurrence. In clinical practice, classical nursing methods can only collect part of patients’ follow-up treatment and examination information, and data quality is uneven. Therefore, conducting accurate nursing throughout the entire process is impossible. Hence, construction of a nursing follow-up system based on the patient radiotherapy management database can provide an important basis for whole-process management of cancer patients.
Methods: Based on the ‘Wikipedia data donation’ model and the patient-led medical data sharing mechanism, our team constructed a database of radiotherapy patient information sharing and big data system under the Patient-Hospital-Share architecture, and included head and neck cancer patients who received radiotherapy from January 2022 to January 2023 for precision care. Precision care includes the whole process management platform and follow-up management system, based on the patient’s overall situation, to provide patients with maximum support and personalized care throughout radiotherapy.
Result: Through precision whole-process nursing care, the decline of physical, role, and cognitive function was alleviated, worsening of fatigue symptoms was improved, and pain and gastrointestinal reactions were reduced. Simultaneously, the patient radiotherapy management database contains an online collection of patients' medical data inside and outside the hospital, thus initially opening up a complete medical data chain and transforming the hospital-centered data distribution/collection model into a patient-led medical data sharing model.
Conclusion: Precision nursing can significantly improve quality of life in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck tumors. Furthermore, in this mode, patients can infinitely supplement medical data and realize cross-regional and cross-time data updates to practice a new and standardized whole-process management radiotherapy process and build a new and efficient medical treatment and nursing follow-up system.
In vivo kinematic study of lumbar center of rotation under different loads
Authors: li zhenyu , Liu Ziwen , Yang Yuming , Zhang Zepei , Meng Lin , Miao Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background：Dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS) was employed to identify the Center of Rotation(COR) in the lower lumbar spine and determine its relationship with weight bearing.
Methods：Nine participants were recruited in this study. The lumbar spine of each participant was 3D modeled based on CT images, and their relative positions were obtained using DFIS. By combining CT and DFIS, the kinematic data of the participants' spines during motion were acquired. The lower lumbar spine's Center of Rotation (COR) was calculated using the method of perpendicular bisectors.
Results：While flexing and extending, the Center of Rotation (COR) initially moved downward with increasing load, followed by upward movement as the load further increased.
The anterior-posterior position of the COR shifted posteriorly with increasing weight-bearing. Throughout the lateral bending exercises, the upper and lower COR positions increased as the load increased, while the left and right COR positions remained unaffected by the load increment. The COR height differed between flexion and lateral bending. We observed variations in the COR position of the lumbar spine during lateral bending and flexion-extension movements. This enhanced our comprehension of coupled motion patterns within the lumbar spine.
Conclusions：Position of the lumbar spine COR changes with variations in the load. During different movements, the COR location of the lower lumbar spine varied. Furthermore, the manner in which the COR position changes with load differs during different motions. This finding suggests the presence of distinct motion patterns in the lower lumbar spine. It helps enhance our understanding of the kinematic traits of the lumbar spine and clarifies the mechanisms that contribute to different diseases.
Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Different Treatment Regimens in Treatment-Naïve High Viral Load Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: A Real-World Study
Authors: Wu Xue , Yan Qin , Jiang Chunmei , Fan Rongshan , Li Sheling 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of different treatment regimens for treatment-naïve high viral load chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.
Methods: Prospective cohort study. Between January 2021 and August 2022, CHB patients with HBV DNA ≥107 IU/mL were collected from four medical centers in Shenzhen. Patients treated with mono or combine antiviral therapy. The primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of virological response at 48 weeks, and other endpoints included changes in HBsAg, HBeAg, ALT, and eGFR at 48 weeks. We used propensity score-based inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to balance the bias. Weighted logistics regression was used to estimate the factors affecting virological response.
Results: A total of 391 patients were included in the study, with 296 patients undergoing statistical analysis using IPTW. The patients were distributed into four groups: ETV (n=62), TDF (n=89), TAF (n=36), TDF+LdT/ETV (n=109). The 48-week cumulative incidence of virological response was significantly lower in ETV group (52.3%) compared to TDF (71.7%), TAF (74.2%), and TDF+LdT/ETV groups (77.9%) (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in HBsAg loss among the four groups, but the HBeAg seroconversion rate was significantly higher in the TAF group. The ALT normalization rate was significantly higher in the TAF group (72.2%) compared to the others at 48 weeks (P<0.05).
Conclusions: In treatment-naïve CHB patients with high viral load, combination therapy did not show superiority over monotherapy in term of antiviral efficacy at 48 weeks. TAF group exhibited superiority in HBeAg seroconversion and ALT normalization.
Distinct Gut Microbiota Signatures in Order People with Sarcopenia without Obesity and Sarcopenic Obesity
Authors: Wang Ling , He Xiangfeng , Zhang Zhen , Chen Nan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis plays an important role in the development and progression of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, but evidence supporting this association is lacking. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota in older people with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity.
Methods
The study involved 60 elderly individuals aged 65 years or older, recruited from Chongming, Shanghai, China. Participants were categorized into three groups based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS 2019) and World Health Organization obesity guidelines: sarcopenic obesity (SO, n = 20), sarcopenic without obesity (Sar, n = 18), and control (Con, n = 22). The gut microbiota was analyzed by sequencing the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene.
Results
Significant differences in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota were observed in Sar and SO groups. A reduction in alpha diversity, as measured by Chao1 and ACE index, was found in the SO group. Beta diversity based on unweighted Unifrac was significantly different between SO, Sar, and Con groups. Bacterial community composition analysis showed that at the family and genus level, the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae, Christensenellacea, Alistipes, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Ruminococcus, and Odoribacter were significantly abundant in Sar group, whereas Enterobacteriaceae was more enriched in the SO group. Furthermore, as revealed by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, Alistipes and Christensenellaceae R-7 group was identified as biomarker for the diagnosis of sarcopenia without obesity, and Enterobacteriaceae was identified as a biomarker for the diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that the gut microbiota of sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenia without obesity have distinct diversity and composition profiles. The results provide new insights into the role of the gut microbiota in sarcopenic obesity, highlighting the potential of gut microbiota as a therapeutic target in this condition.
Investigating distinct clinical features and constructing a nomogram model for survival probability in adults with cerebellar high-grade gliomas
Authors: Chang Tao , Zhang Rui , Gan Jiahao , Yang Yuan , Liu Yanhui , Ju Yan , Niu Xiaodong , Mao Qing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background The clinical features of cerebellar high-grade gliomas (cHGGs) in adults have not been well explored. This large-scale population-based study aimed to comprehensively outline these traits and construct a predictive model.
Methods Patient records diagnosed with gliomas were collected from various cohorts and analyzed to compare the features of cHGGs and supratentorial HGGs (sHGGs). Cox regression analyses were employed to identify prognostic factors for overall survival and to develop a nomogram for predicting survival probabilities in patients with cHGGs. Multiple machine learning methods were applied to evaluate the efficacy of the predictive model.
Results There were significant differences in prognosis, with SEER-cHGGs showing a median survival of 7.5 months and sHGGs 14.9 months (p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that race, WHO grade, surgical procedures, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for cHGGs. Based on these factors, a nomogram was developed to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival probabilities, with AUC of 0.860, 0.837, and 0.810, respectively. The accuracy of this model was validated by machine learning approaches, and it exhibited good consistency in predicting effectiveness.
Conclusions Adult cHGGs are characterized by distinctive clinical features different from those of sHGGs and have an inferior prognosis. The nomogram prediction model, which is based on the risk factors affecting cHGGs prognosis, serves as a crucial tool for clinical decision-making in patient care.
Building Footprint Segmentation Using the Modified YOLOv8 Model
Authors: Falahatnejad Shahrzad , Karami Azam , Sharifirad Rabe’e , Shirani Mojdeh , Mehrabinejad Mohsen , Khrasanimotlagh Mohammadhossein , Soleymani Mohammadreza 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This paper proposes an enhanced YOLOv8 model specifically designed for precise building footprint segmentation. The model incorporates several key modifica- tions to achieve superior performance and efficiency. Firstly, a novel fusion layer integrates RGB image information with a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), enrich- ing feature representation and facilitating the distinction of building structures. Secondly, Depthwise Separable Convolution (DSConv) replaces standard convo- lutions throughout the backbone and head, leading to a more compact model with faster inference speed. Thirdly, Varifocal Loss (VFL) is employed as the clas- sification loss function, effectively addressing class imbalance issues prevalent in segmentation tasks. Our proposed model demonstrates significant improvements over three DeepLabv3+, SAM, and the original YOLOv8 state-of-the-art models. We achieve a precision of 91.11%, a recall rate of 89.71%, and a mAP (mean Average Precision) of 87.42%, surpassing all compared models in accuracy. Fur- thermore, the proposed model boasts a remarkably fast inference time of only 45.1 milliseconds per image, making it suitable for real-time applications.
Clinical significance of sarcopenia in elderly patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection - A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Su Yuanhao , Wu Yongke , Li Cheng , Zhao Yiyuan , Li Yunhao , Jin Xing , Wang Zhidong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
As global life expectancy rises and gastrointestinal tumor incidence increases, more elderly patients are undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for tumor treatment. This highlights the importance of sarcopenia assessment before ESD. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess sarcopenia's role in predicting post-ESD adverse outcomes in the elderly.
Methods:
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of sarcopenia on the prognosis of elderly patients undergoing ESD treatment. A comprehensive search was conducted across three databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science). Using NEWCASTLE - OTTAWA ASSESSMENT SCALE for risk of bias assessment. The data were synthesized using Review Manager 5.3.
Results:
A total of 9 reports were identified, analyzing 7 indicators, with a combined sample size of 6044. Through a series of analyses, we have derived several highly credible research findings: the overall OR and 95% CI for gastric and colorectal post-ESD perforation between sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia groups were 1.34 [0.92, 1.97], for CTCAE grade > 2 were 2.65 [1.45, 4.82], for gastric post-ESD pneumonia were 1.90 [1.24, 2.90], and for gastric post-ESD mortality within 5 years were 2.96 [1.33, 6.58].
Conclusions:
Sarcopenia is a risk factor for increased incidence of complications (CTCAE > 2) after undergoing gastric and colorectal ESD, increased pneumonia rates and higher mortality rates within five years following gastric ESD treatment in elderly patients. However, sarcopenia does not lead to an increased perforation rate in elderly patients undergoing gastric and colorectal ESD treatments.