bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring tissue development in acellular matrix‐based regeneration for bladder tissue engineering: Multiexponential diffusion and T2* for improved specificity
Authors: Cheng Hai‐Ling Margaret , Loai Yasir , Farhat Walid A. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYCell‐seeded acellular matrices (ACMs) are a promising approach for the tissue engineering of soft tissues and organs, such as the urinary bladder. ACM contains site‐preferred structural and functional molecules, and degradation products derived from ACM play important roles in tissue remodeling. Regeneration proceeds along concurrent trajectories of cell growth and matrix degradation, characterized by evolving biophysical and biochemical properties. The assessment of tissue development through a noninvasive imaging technique, such as MRI, must therefore be capable of distinguishing these concurrent biophysical and biochemical changes. However, although MRI provides exquisite sensitivity to tissue microstructure, composition and function, specificity remains limited. In this study, multiexponential diffusion and the effective transverse relaxation time T2* were investigated for their ability to assess cell growth and tissue composition, respectively. Bladder ACMs prepared with and without hyaluronic acid, and ACMs seeded with smooth muscle cells, were assessed on MRI. The slow diffusion fraction from multiexponential diffusion analysis demonstrated the best correlation with cellularity, with minimal influence from underlying matrix degradation. T2* measurements were sensitive to macromolecular content, specifically the presence of hyaluronic acid, without confounding influence from tissue hydration. T2* also appeared to be sensitive to cell filling of the matrix pore space. Compared with these metrics, commonly used MRI parameters, such as T1, T2 and single diffusion coefficients, were more limited in specificity. The use of T2 to measure tissue structure and composition is limited by its large dependence on water content, and single diffusion can only reflect the overall characteristics of the extra‐ and intracellular environment. These findings are important for further development of more specific MRI methods for the monitoring of regeneration in tissue‐engineered systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
7‐T 1H MRS with adiabatic refocusing at short TE using radiofrequency focusing with a dual‐channel volume transmit coil
Authors: Boer V.O. , van Lier A.L.H.M.W. , Hoogduin J.M. , Wijnen J.P. , Luijten P.R. , Klomp D.W.J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn vivo MRS of the human brain at ultrahigh field allows for the identification of a large number of metabolites at higher spatial resolutions than currently possible in clinical practice. However, the in vivo localization of single‐voxel spectroscopy has been shown to be challenging at ultrahigh field because of the low bandwidth of refocusing radiofrequency (RF) pulses. Thus far, the proposed methods for localized MRS at 7 T suffer from long TE, inherent signal loss and/or a large chemical shift displacement artifact that causes a spatial displacement between resonances, and results in a decreased efficiency in editing sequences. In this work, we show that, by driving a standard volume coil with two RF amplifiers, focusing the B field in a certain location and using high‐bandwidth adiabatic refocusing pulses, a semi‐LASER (semi‐localized by adiabatic selective refocusing) localization is feasible at short TE in the human brain with full signal acquisition and a low chemical shift displacement artifact at 7 T. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal power control in OFDMA cellular networks
Authors: Detti Paolo , Nicosia Gaia , Pacifici Andrea , Servilio Mara 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of allocating users to radio resources in the downlink of an OFDMA cellular system. We consider a classical multicellular environment with a realistic interference model and a margin adaptive approach, i.e., we aim at minimizing total transmission power while maintaining a certain given rate for each user. We discuss computational complexity issues of the resulting model and present a heuristic approach that finds optima under suitable conditions or reasonably good solutions in the general case. Computational experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed heuristic in a comparison with both a commercial state‐of‐the‐art optimization solver and other approaches from the literature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2011
Ill‐conditioning of the truncated singular value decomposition, Tikhonov regularization and their applications to numerical partial differential equations
Authors: Li Zi‐Cai , Huang Hung‐Tsai , Wei Yimin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper explores some intrinsic characteristics of accuracy and stability for the truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) and the Tikhonov regularization (TR), which can be applied to numerical solutions of partial differential equations (numerical PDE). The ill‐conditioning is a severe issue for numerical methods, in particular when the minimal singular value sigmamin of the stiffness matrix is close to zero, and when the singular vector umin of σmin is highly oscillating. TSVD and TR can be used as numerical techniques for seeking stable solutions of linear algebraic equations. In this paper, new bounds are derived for the condition number and the effective condition number which can be used to improve ill‐conditioning by TSVD and TR. A brief error analysis of TSVD and TR is also made, since both errors and condition number are essential for the numerical solution of PDE. Numerical experiments are reported for the discrete Laplace operator by the method of fundamental solutions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OLEDs und organische Elektronik auf dem Vormarsch
Authors: Birnstock Jan , Haldi Andreas 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOrganische Leuchtdioden, kurz OLEDs, sind heutzutage in einigen mobilen Displayanwendungen anzutreffen und auch der erste OLED‐Fernseher ist schon auf dem Markt erhältlich. Dank der kontinuierlichen Effizienzsteigerung der OLEDs in den letzten Jahren, die auch durch Redoxdotierung der organischen Materialien ermöglicht wurde, werden OLEDs zukünftig jedoch auch in der Wohnbeleuchtung eine Alternative zur traditionellen Glühlampe bieten. Die Redoxdotierung könnte aber auch anderen organischen Halbleiterbauelementen zum Durchbruch verhelfen.
From Terra Incognita to Security Technology
Authors: Deninger Anselm 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNot long ago, the terahertz frequency range was considered the last remaining gap of the electromagnetic spectrum. The main reason was the difficulty of generating intense, directional terahertz radiation. During the past few years, optoelectronic approaches based on modern laser technologies have helped to bridge the “terahertz gap”. This report discusses some of the scenarios in which terahertz technologies are just about to make their industrial entrance — in applications as varied as trace gas detection, process control, and the imaging of airbag safety covers.
Komplementäre Mikroskopie‐Techniken intelligent kombiniert
Authors: Fischer Harald 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn Life Science, der chemisch‐pharmazeutischen Analytik und in den modernen Materialwissenschaften spielen zerstörungsfreie Analysenmethoden eine elementare Rolle und sind in Forschung und Entwicklung nicht mehr wegzudenken. Die konfokale Raman Mikroskopie stellt dabei ein Instrument dar, mit der die chemische Zusammensetzung einer Probe mit einer Ortsauflösung im subMikrometerbereich untersucht werden kann. Durch eine Kombination dieser Technik mit der Rasterkraftmikroskopie ist der Erhalt umfangreicher Informationen über die Struktur und die chemischen Eigenschaften der Probe möglich.
Nanoimprint Lithography
Authors: Glinsner Thomas , Kreindl Gerald , Kast Michael 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCMOS image sensors represent a multi‐billion‐dollar market, with continued growth expected due to increasing demand for a multitude of consumer and industrial applications. To continue to drive down manufacturing costs while enabling increased device performance, manufacturers are looking to innovative production methods, such as nanoimprint lithography (NIL). In addition to lower cost, NIL offers high repeatability and accuracy, all of which are particularly critical for ensuring optimal production of micro lenses, which are an integral part of the CMOS image sensor. Beyond CMOS image sensors, NIL offers the potential to enable a number of other device applications, from high‐brightness light emitting diodes (HB‐LEDs) to micro‐fluidics.
Laseroptiken für den Weltraum im Test
Authors: Riede Wolfgang , Schröder Helmut 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDer Einsatz des Lasers bietet im Bereich der Raumfahrt ein enormes Potenzial und einzigartige Möglichkeiten zur Klärung aktueller globaler Fragestellungen. Die Anforderungen an die Präzision und Zuverlässigkeit der Systeme sind jedoch extrem hoch, und eine aufwändige Qualifizierung aller Komponenten ist für einen Missionserfolg unabdingbar. Ein Forscherteam am Institut für Technische Physik des Deutschen Zentrums für Luftund Raumfahrt (DLR) in Stuttgart ist sowohl mit der Qualifizierung als auch mit den entsprechenden wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen zur Charakterisierung von Laseroptiken für Weltraumanwendungen beschäftigt.
Chirped‐Pulse Amplification
Authors: Jovanovic Igor 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroduction of chirped‐pulse amplification (CPA) enabled the latest revolution in production of high peak powers from lasers through amplification of very short (femtosecond) laser pulses to pulse energies previously available only from long‐pulse lasers. CPA has rapidly bridged the gap from its initial modest demonstrations to multi‐terawatt and petawattscale systems in research facilities and universities, as well as numerous lowerpower scientific and industrial applications.
Ultrashort laser pulses in regenerative medicine
Authors: Heisterkamp Alexander 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe goal of regenerative medicine is to reconstitute organ functions or to replace damaged or degenerated tissue by cell therapies or tissue engineering. Within this field, the use of optical methods for imaging and manipulation of cells and tissue down to the subcellular level provides a precise and non‐contact way for new therapies. This includes applications of ultrashort laser pulses for high resolution imaging as well as precise and selective cell manipulation.
In situ immune response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer predicts survival
Authors: Ladoire Sylvain , Mignot Grégoire , Dabakuyo Sandrine , Arnould Laurent , Apetoh Lionel , Rébé Cedric , Coudert Bruno , Martin Francois , Bizollon Marie Hélène , Vanoli André , Coutant Charles , Fumoleau Pierre , Bonnetain Franck , Ghiringhelli François 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAccumulating preclinical evidence suggests that anticancer immune responses contribute to the success of chemotherapy. However, the predictive value of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer remains unknown. We hypothesized that the nature of the immune infiltrate following neoadjuvant chemotherapy would predict patient survival. In a series of 111 consecutive HER2‐ and a series of 51 non‐HER2‐overexpressing breast cancer patients treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, we studied by immunohistochemistry tumour infiltration by FOXP3 and CD8 T lymphocytes before and after chemotherapy. Kaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox modelling were used to assess relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). A predictive scoring system using American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) pathological staging and immunological markers was created. Association of high CD8 and low FOXP3 cell infiltrates after chemotherapy was significantly associated with improved RFS (p = 0.02) and OS (p = 0.002), and outperformed classical predictive factors in multivariate analysis. A combined score associating CD8/FOXP3 ratio and pathological AJCC staging isolated a subgroup of patients with a long‐term overall survival of 100%. Importantly, this score also identified patients with a favourable prognosis in an independent cohort of HER2‐negative breast cancer patients. These results suggest that immunological CD8 and FOXP3 cell infiltrate after treatment is an independent predictive factor of survival in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and provides new insights into the role of the immune milieu and cancer. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of super water repellent silver flake/copolymer blend films and their potential as smart fabrics
Authors: Bayer I. S. , Biswas A. , Ellialtioglu G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA facile technique is demonstrated for the fabrication of super water repellent co‐polymer blend‐silver composite films from fatty acid surface functionalized fine silver flakes. Initially, high concentrations of surface functionalized silver flakes were dispersed in poly(vinyl chloride‐co‐vinyl acetate‐co‐vinyl alcohol) copolymer in solution to form electrically conducting adhesives/paints (ECAs) with a bulk resistivity of ∼3 × 10−5 Ω cm. The solvent‐borne ECAs were then blended with a water‐dispersed perfluoromethacrylate copolymer (Zonyl 8740) using a simple solvent‐inversion process to obtain super water‐repellent colloidal copolymer blend‐silver emulsions. The colloidal emulsions could be spray‐deposited on a number of fibrous substrates including fabrics and paper. A particular example is demonstrated herein by spray‐depositing these emulsions onto molten paraffin wax‐based laminates (60°C), which were partially impregnated into fabrics to fabricate highly water repellent, flexible, and thermoresponsive fabrics. A paraffin wax/polyolefin blend base film was used for the purpose. The surface topology of the superhydrophobic copolymer/silver composite films displayed fractal‐like hierarchical structures ideal for self‐cleaning hydrophobicity. On relatively low‐absorbent permeable porous surfaces such as cellulosic films (paper) impregnated with wax/polyolefin films, self‐cleaning ability of the coatings was maintained even for temperatures at which paraffin wax component of the laminated film was molten indicated by low‐water roll‐off angles. Hence, the composites have excellent compatibility with organic phase change materials such as paraffin wax and wax/polyolefin blends, and they can be used to fabricate nonwetting, thermoregulated, and electroactive fabrics. Antimicrobial properties of silver offer additional advantages for potential biomedical applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Diabetic ketoacidosis following steroid treatment in a patient with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Alexandre L , Shipman KE , Brahma A , Turner JJ , Wallace TM , Stanley KP , Temple RC 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDiabetic ketoacidosis is a well recognised complication of pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes and is associated with increased risk of fetal death. It has rarely been documented in women with gestational diabetes.We report a case of diabetic ketoacidosis in a woman with gestational diabetes following steroid treatment. The relatively mild hyperglycaemia of 11.1mmol/L led to delay in diagnosis and treatment of ketoacidosis.Women with gestational diabetes are at risk of developing diabetic ketoacidosis if given steroid therapy antenatally and should be monitored closely for this. This case highlights how, during pregnancy, diabetic ketoacidosis may occur with only mild hyperglycaemia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
An inventory of diabetes care in Qatar
Authors: Wilbur K , Al Ameri M 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDiabetes is a global epidemic and the highest prevalence rates in the world are found in Gulf Corporation Council countries, including Qatar. The country's Supreme Council of Health has recognised its significant health threat and has proposed the formation of a national diabetes plan. Baseline assessment of existing diabetes care can inform such design and implementation. The aim of this study was to inventory diabetes health care resources in Qatar.A prospective survey of private and public health care facilities serving outpatients in the country was conducted. A nine‐item questionnaire was administered to determine patient access, multidisciplinary services and availability of drug therapy.Thirty‐five (67%) of 52 identified health care settings participated. Services devoted to diabetes care were declared at five hospitals (one private and four public) and 24 clinics (15 private and nine public). The majority were located in the country's capital. Few offered services to children and adolescents (20% of hospitals, 55% of clinics). Most were led by general practitioner physicians with limited multidisciplinary contribution (nurses in 73%, dietitians in 17%). Administration of certain drug therapy may be restricted to specialist prescribers and may be unavailable to non‐nationals.Patients with diabetes in Qatar may seek care from an array of private and public health settings. Elements of any comprehensive national plan to address diabetes and its complications must incorporate enhanced training support for primary care physicians, expanded multidisciplinary care and services for children and adolescents. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Diabetes myths and legends: the Iliad and the Odyssey
Authors: Davies MJ 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIt is a myth that screening of type 2 diabetes is ‘a given’, that we provide adequate education for patients and that increasing physical activity by simply referring patients to a health trainer can prevent type 2 diabetes. Research in this area is often seen as an easy or soft option. On closer inspection, research of these ‘complex’ interventions requires rigorously conducted and well designed trials which are difficult to do and even harder to implement. The process of screening for type 2 diabetes is feasible and a number of practice level and self‐assessment tools are effective in the multi‐ethnic UK population; however, providing the evidence of whether a screening programme will lead to improved patient outcomes is more challenging.Providing structured self‐management education in type 2 diabetes can be effective in both biomedical and psychological outcomes, but the role of the educators is key. Such programmes can be cost effective, and can be implemented on an industrial scale whilst maintaining consistency and quality. Increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour to prevent type 2 diabetes are possible in the UK, and tailored strategies for younger and black/minority ethnic groups are being developed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Examination of the active secondary structure of the peptide 101.10, an allosteric modulator of the interleukin‐1 receptor, by positional scanning using β‐amino γ‐lactams
Authors: Boutard Nicolas , Turcotte Stéphane , Beauregard Kim , Quiniou Christiane , Chemtob Sylvain , Lubell William D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe relationship between the conformation and biological activity of the peptide allosteric modulator of the interleukin‐1 receptor 101.10 (D‐Arg‐D‐Tyr‐D‐Thr‐D‐Val‐D‐Glu‐D‐Leu‐D‐Ala‐NH2) has been studied using (R)‐ and (S)‐Bgl residues. Twelve Bgl peptides were synthesized using (R)‐ and (S)‐cyclic sulfamidate reagents derived from L‐ and D‐aspartic acid in an optimized Fmoc‐compatible protocol for efficient lactam installment onto the supported peptide resin. Examination of these (R)‐ and (S)‐Bgl 101.10 analogs for their potential to inhibit IL‐1β‐induced thymocyte cell proliferation using a novel fluorescence assay revealed that certain analogs exhibited retained and improved potency relative to the parent peptide 101.10. In light of previous reports that Bgl residues may stabilize type II′β‐turn‐like conformations in peptides, CD spectroscopy was performed on selected compounds to identify secondary structure necessary for peptide biological activity. Results indicate that the presence of a fold about the central residues of the parent peptide may be important for activity. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclic neoglycodecapeptides: how to increase their inhibitory activity and selectivity on lectin/toxin binding to a glycoprotein and cells
Authors: André Sabine , Renaudet Olivier , Bossu Isabelle , Dumy Pascal , Gabius Hans‐Joachim 
Published: February 2011

AbstractProtein (lectin/toxin)–glycan interaction can be clinically harmful so that the design of inhibitors has become an aim. Cyclic decapeptides are suited as rigid carriers for carbohydrate derivatives. We herein document the bioactivity of sugar headgroups covalently attached to this carrier for the cases of five proteins, i.e. a potent biohazardous plant agglutinin, a leguminous model lectin and three adhesion/growth‐regulatory human lectins. They represent the different types of topological organization within the galectin family. The relative inhibitory activities of glycoclusters with the three ligands (galactose, lactose and the disaccharide of the Thomsen‐Friedenreich antigen) reflected the affinity of free carbohydrates, hereby excluding an impairment of binding activity by chemical derivatization and conjugation. Headgroup tailoring is thus one route to optimize activity and selectivity of cyclopeptide‐based glycoclusters. The increase of ligand density from tetra‐ to hexadecavalency added a second route. The plant toxin and tandem‐repeat‐type galectin‐4 were especially sensitive to this parameter change. Strategically combining solid‐phase assays for screening with analysis of lectin binding to cells in different systems revealed efficient inhibition by distinct glycoclusters, thereby protecting cells from lectin association. Cyclic neoglycodecapeptides thus warrant further study as lectin‐directed pharmaceuticals. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The thin line between cell‐penetrating and antimicrobial peptides: the case of Pep‐1 and Pep‐1‐K
Authors: Bobone Sara , Piazzon Alessandro , Orioni Barbara , Pedersen Jens Z. , Nan Yong Hai , Hahm Kyung‐Soo , Shin Song Yub , Stella Lorenzo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) are cationic oligopeptides able to translocate across biological membranes without perturbing them, while antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) kill bacteria mainly by disrupting their membranes. The two peptide classes share several characteristics (charge, amphipathicity, helicity, and length), and therefore the molecular properties discriminating between the two different bioactivities are not clear. Pep‐1‐K (KKTWWKTWWTKWSQPKKKRKV) is a new AMP derived from the widely studied CPP Pep‐1 (KETWWETWWTEWSQPKKKRKV), or ‘Chariot’, known for its ability to carry large cargoes across biological membranes. Pep‐1‐K was obtained from Pep‐1 by substituting the three Glu residues with Lys, to increase its cationic character. Previous studies showed that these modifications endow Pep‐1‐K with a potent antimicrobial activity, with MICs in the low micromolar range. Here, we characterized the interaction of Pep‐1 and Pep‐1‐K with model membranes to understand the reason for the antimicrobial activity of Pep‐1‐K. The data show that this peptide causes vesicle aggregation, perturbs membrane order, and induces the leakage of ions, but not of larger solutes, while these effects were not observed for Pep‐1. These differences are likely due, at least in part, to the higher affinity of Pep‐1‐K toward anionic bilayers, which mimick the composition of bacterial membranes. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.