bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of bony morbidity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Rayar Meera S. , Nayiager Trishana , Webber Colin E. , Barr Ronald D. , Athale Uma H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the relationship between lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) and patient‐, disease‐, and therapy‐related variables, and to define the risk‐factors for fractures in children receiving therapy on Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) protocols.MethodsChildren (≤18 years) diagnosed with ALL during the period 1995–2006, who are in first clinical remission, were included (n = 124). Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry provided LS‐BMD at diagnosis (n = 46) and during continuation therapy. LS‐BMD was expressed as Z scores based on local population norms. Regression analyses evaluated the risk of osteopenia (Z‐score −1.01 to −1.99, osteoporosis (Z‐score −2.00 or less) and fractures.ResultsAt diagnosis, 14 0f 46 (30%) patients had osteopenia and 5 (11%) had osteoporosis; whereas, during continuation therapy, 47 of 124 (39.5%) patients had osteopenia, and 10 (8%) had osteoporosis. LS‐BMD at diagnosis had a positive linear relationship with LS‐BMD during continuation therapy (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.619, P < 0.0001). Multivariable analyses identified age ≥10 years and LS‐BMD at diagnosis as independent predictors of LS‐BMD during continuation therapy. Twenty‐three (18.5%) patients developed fractures. Dexamethasone therapy (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.31, 7.52, P = 0.01) and lower LS‐BMD during the continuation therapy (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2, 2.8, P = 0.01) were independent predictors of fracture.ConclusionsOlder age and lower LS‐BMD at diagnosis are predictors of lower LS‐BMD during continuation therapy. Dexamethasone and lower LS‐BMD during continuation therapy are associated with fractures. Using these variables it is feasible to develop a predictor model to define the risk of bony morbidity in children receiving ALL therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 77–82. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endocrine response and perceived stress test during an experimental challenge task in adult survivors of a childhood cancer
Authors: Laufer Dominique , Ansermet François , von der Weid Nicolas , Popovic Maja Beck , Torrisi Raffaella , Pierrehumbert Blaise 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundAlthough long‐term implications of cancer in childhood or adolescence with regard to medical conditions are well documented, the impact on mental health and on response to stress, which may be an indicator of psychological vulnerability, is not yet well understood. In this study, psychological and physiological responses to stress were examined.ProcedureFifty‐three participants aged 18–39 years (n = 25 survivors of childhood or adolescence cancer, n = 28 controls) underwent an experimental stress test, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Participants were asked to provide repeated evaluations of perceived stress on visual‐analogical scales and blood samples were collected before and after the TSST to measure plasma cortisol.ResultsThe psychological perception of stress was not different between the two groups. However, the cancer survivors group showed a higher global plasma cortisol level as well as higher amplitude in the response to the TSST. The global cortisol level in cancer survivors was increased when depression symptoms were present. The subjective perception of stress and the plasma cortisol levels were only marginally correlated in both groups.ConclusionsIt is suggested that the exposure to a life‐threatening experience in childhood/adolescence increases the endocrine response to stress, and that the presence of depressive symptoms is associated with an elevation of plasma cortisol levels. A better knowledge of these mechanisms is important given that the dysregulations of the stress responses may cause psychological vulnerability. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 138–143. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides in field populations of the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Szendrei Zsofia , Grafius Edward , Byrne Adam , Ziegler Amos 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Neonicotinoid insecticides were first used commercially for Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] control in the United States in 1995, and since then have been critical for management of this pest. Field populations from the northeastern and midwestern United States were tested from 1998 to 2010 for susceptibility to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam using standard topical dose assays with adults.RESULTS: From 1998 to 2001, imidacloprid resistance was present in only a few locations in the eastern United States. By 2003, imidacloprid resistance was common in the northeastern Unites States. In 2004, imidacloprid resistance in Colorado potato beetle was detected for the first time in the midwestern United States. In 2003, the first case of resistance to thiamethoxam was found in a population from Massachusetts. Neonicotinoid resistance in summer‐generation adults was higher than in overwintered adults from the same locations. By 2009, 95% of the populations tested from the northeastern and midwestern United States had significantly higher LD50 values for imidacloprid than the susceptible population.CONCLUSIONS: The increasing resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides raises concerns for the continued effective management of Colorado potato beetles in potatoes and highlights the need for more rigorous practice of integrated pest management methods. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Range separated functionals in the density functional based tight‐binding method: Formalism
Authors: Niehaus Thomas A. , Della Sala Fabio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA generalization of the density functional based tight‐binding method (DFTB) for the use with range‐separated exchange‐correlation functionals is presented. It is based on the generalized Kohn–Sham (GKS) formalism and employs the density matrix as basic variable in the expansion of the energy functional, in contrast to the traditional DFTB scheme. The GKS‐TB equations are derived and appropriate integral approximations are discussed in detail. Implementation issues and numerical aspects of the new scheme are also covered.magnified image
Graphene growth using propane‐hydrogen CVD on 6H‐SiC(0001): temperature dependent interface and strain
Authors: Michon A. , Largeau L. , Mauguin O. , Ouerghi A. , Vézian S. , Lefebvre D. , Roudon E. , Zielinski M. , Chassagne T. , Portail M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGraphene growth on SiC using propane‐hydrogen CVD has been recently demonstrated. In contrast to the annealing method, in‐plane rotational disorder of graphene can be observed on SiC(0001). In this contribution, we study the effects of growth temperature on the interface between graphene and SiC. We show that growth temperature allows to control the formation of graphene with in‐plane disorder or graphene on a (6√3×6√3)‐R30° interface. Accordingly, grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction evidences an effect of growth temperature on in‐plane strain. These results are discussed on the basis of the hydrogenation of the SiC surface. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impact of different initial conditions on the growth of polar lows: idealised baroclinic channel simulations
Authors: Adakudlu Muralidhar 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe development of a polar low is simulated in an ideal baroclinic channel with the objective of studying the relative influence of different initial conditions on certain characteristics of the polar low. The basic state in the channel has a baroclinic jet at the tropopause level superposed by potential vorticity anomalies. The upper‐level perturbation leads to the genesis of a polar low through baroclinic instability. During its growth, the polar low is driven by a combination of baroclinic and convective processes as the vertical motion associated with the polar low is found to be forced simultaneously by the adiabatic and diabatic omega‐forcing terms in the quasi‐geostrophic omega equation. The degree of baroclinicity, surface heating and the scale of the upper‐level anomaly were each reduced, and static stability increased separately in a series of sensitivity experiments. The results show that the pattern of the vertical motion, the growth rate and phase speed of the polar low are highly sensitive to the modifications in the background conditions. In particular, the surface temperature and baroclinicity appear to be crucial in determining the strength of the vertical motion associated with the polar low. The scale and structure of the polar low are more vulnerable to the scale of the upper‐level anomaly and initial baroclinicity than to the rest of the parameters tested. In all the sensitivity experiments, the formation of the polar low gets delayed and its intensity, in terms of the surface pressure, reduced due to the modified initial conditions. The reduced intensity suppresses the tendency for a vertical coupling of upper‐ and lower‐level features of the polar low. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Pitch control based on voltage dip detection for improving the LVRT of wind farm
Authors: Thet Aung Ko , Saitoh Hiroumi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFor the stability of power systems including large‐scale generation of wind power, wind farms are expected to fulfill the requirement with the capability to remain connected to the systems during a momentary voltage dip occurring in power networks. This has prompted many utilities to adopt the low‐voltage ride‐through (LVRT) of wind turbine generators (WTGs) as one of the requirements in interconnection of large wind farms. This paper presents a new method of pitch angle control for fixed‐speed wind turbine (FSWT) to achieve LVRT capability improvement. The FSWT is equipped with directly grid‐coupled squirrel‐cage induction generator and the LVRT behavior of such wind turbine is closely related to the overspeeding of wind turbine rotor during voltage dip. If the turbine rotor speed can be reduced quickly during voltage dip so as not to rise over the maximum speed, then the sudden disconnection of WTG can be avoided. The proposed pitch control system can modify the pitch angle in the short response time by the coordination of protective relay. Then the pitch angle is adjusted by a feedback proportional integral controller based on the measurement of induction generator terminal voltage. Simulation study shows that the application of the proposed pitch control system can improve the LVRT performance of a wind farm equipped with FSWTs. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Partial discharge recognition system for current transformer using neural network and 2D wavelet transform
Authors: Chang Hong‐Chan , Kuo Ying‐Piao , Lin Han‐Wei 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a neural network and two‐dimensional (2D) wavelet transform are applied to recognize partial discharge (PD) patterns on current transformers (CTs). To avoid the discrepancy between simulated results and real experimental data, we adopted seven cast‐resin CTs that were purposely fabricated with various insulation defects as the PD patterns collected samples to actually emulate the various defects incurred often during their production. All measurements are taken in a shielded lab; the commercial TE571 PD detector is adopted to measure PD patterns to ensure the reliability of the PD signals. Next, we extract the patterns' features via a 2D wavelet transform and use the features as the training set of a backpropagation neural network (BNN) to construct the recognition system for CTs' PD patterns. Finally, we add random noises to the measured PD signals to emulate the field diagnosis under a high‐noise environment. The study results indicate that, under a simulated noise magnitude of 30 pC, the recognition rate of the proposed system still can reach around 80%, signifying a great potential in applying the proposed recognition system in field measurements in the future. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evolving asset selection using genetic network programming
Authors: Parque Victor , Mabu Shingo , Hirasawa Kotaro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAs global financial innovation opens innumerable risks and opportunities, a global view of the asset allocation brings advantages in risk diversification for investments. We propose a novel framework for asset selection under global diversification principles using genetic network programming. Simulations using the stocks, bonds and currencies from relevant financial markets in USA, Europe and Asia show that the proposed framework is effective and offers competitive advantages against the conventional methods in finance and computational fields. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Obstetric levator ani muscle injuries: current status
Authors: Schwertner‐Tiepelmann N. , Thakar R. , Sultan A. H. , Tunn R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLevator ani muscle (LAM) injuries occur in 13–36% of women who have a vaginal delivery. Although these injuries were first described using magnetic resonance imaging, three‐dimensional transperineal and endovaginal ultrasound has emerged as a more readily available and economic alternative to identify LAM morphology. Injury to the LAM is attributed to vaginal delivery resulting in reduced pelvic floor muscle strength, enlargement of the vaginal hiatus and pelvic organ prolapse. There is inconclusive evidence to support an association between LAM injuries and stress urinary incontinence and there seems to be a trend towards the development of fecal incontinence. Longitudinal studies with long‐term follow‐up assessing the LAM before and after childbirth are lacking. Furthermore, the consequence of LAM injuries on quality of life due to prolapse and/or urinary and fecal incontinence have not been evaluated using validated questionnaires. Direct comparative studies using the above‐mentioned imaging modalities are needed to determine the true gold standard for the diagnosis of LAM injuries. This would enable consistency in definition and classification of LAM injuries. Only then could high‐risk groups be identified and preventive strategies implemented in obstetric practice. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical implications of machine–probe combinations on obstetric ultrasound measurements used in pregnancy dating
Authors: Axell R. , Lynch C. , Chudleigh T. , Bradshaw L. , Mangat J. , White P. , Lees C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of use of different machine–probe combinations on measurement variability and to assess how this variability impacts on accuracy of pregnancy dating.MethodsSixteen different ultrasound machine–probe combinations were used for lateral measurement of targets spaced 10 and 40 mm apart and axial measurement of targets spaced 10 and 50 mm apart in an ultrasound phantom, and differences between the measured and true values were determined. The mean of the 40‐mm lateral measurements was used to estimate gestational age using standard obstetric dating tables for crown–rump length (CRL) and femur length (FL) and the mean of the 50‐mm axial measurements was used to estimate gestational age using the obstetric dating tables for biparietal diameter (BPD).ResultsAs absolute measurements became larger, differences observed using different machine–probe combinations exceeded those due to intraobserver variability. Maximum dating differences for first‐trimester CRL of 2 days (based on a measured CRL range of 39–42 mm), second‐trimester BPD of 4 days (based on a measured BPD range of 49–52 mm) and FL of 9 days (based on a measured FL range of 39–42 mm) were observed when measurements were transposed to the equivalent gestational age using standard charts.ConclusionDifferences between measured and true values of biometric measurements reflect both machine–probe and intraobserver variability. Incremental first‐trimester CRL growth with time is rapid, but second‐trimester FL growth is much less so, leaving this lateral measurement more prone to both observer and machine–probe errors. The only axial growth measurement commonly performed is BPD where the measurement differences were intermediate between those of CRL and FL. The differences that can be ascribed to different equipment combinations are in many cases greater than those expected in clinical practice and are of potential importance in determining how fetal biometry is used for dating pregnancies. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Value of the Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio for Predicting the Prognosis of Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Wang Chang‐Li , Li Yue , Yue Dong‐Sheng , Zhang Lian‐Min , Zhang Zhen‐Fa , Sun Bing‐Sheng 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR) and the prognosis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsA total of 301 patients with N1 or N2 NSCLC who underwent complete pulmonary resection were analyzed retrospectively. The correlations between the LNR and clinical and pathologic data were analyzed using χ2 test analysis. The prognostic value of the LNR was calculated by univariate Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis. The risk groups were classified by a combination of the LNR and pN stage.ResultsThe LNR was correlated with age, smoking status, pathologic type, subcarinal lymph node, clinical staging, N stage (P < 0.05), and the number of positive lymph nodes and positive lymph node stations (P < 0.0001). In the univariate analysis, the LNR played an important role in predicting overall survival (OS) (P < 0.0001) and disease‐free survival (P < 0.0001) by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. In the multivariate analysis, high LNR (>18%) was an independent poor prognostic factor for OS [hazard ratio (HR) 2.5034, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6096–3.8933, P < 0.0001] and DFS (HR 1.9023, 95% CI 1.2465–2.9031, P = 0.0031). Stratification into high‐, medium‐, and low‐risk groups—based on high‐risk factors (LNR > 18%, N2) intermediate‐risk factors (LNR > 18%, N1 or LNR < 18%, N2), and low‐risk factors (LNR < 18%, N1)—could efficiently predicted outcomes (P < 0.0001) of patients with lymph node‐positive NSCLC.ConclusionsThe combination of the LNR and pN status provides a valuable help with prognosis. However, these results must be evaluated further in a large prospective randomized clinical trial.
Successful Gastric Submucosal Tumor Resection Using Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Cooperative Surgery
Authors: Tsujimoto Hironori , Yaguchi Yoshihisa , Kumano Isao , Takahata Risa , Ono Satoshi , Hase Kazuo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic wedge resections are increasingly utilized to treat gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs). However, laparoscopic wedge resection is not applicable for tumors located near the gastric inlet or outlet and requires resection of relatively large sections of healthy stomach, particularly if laparoscopic linear staplers are used.MethodsTwenty consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) for resection of gastric SMTs. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia. The mucosal and submucosal layers around the tumor were circumferentially dissected using endoscopic submucosal dissection via intraluminal endoscopy. Subsequently, the seromuscular layer involving three‐fourths of the line of the incision around the tumor was laparoscopically dissected. The submucosal tumor was then exteriorized to the abdominal cavity and dissected with an endoscopic linear stapling device.ResultsIn all cases, the LECS procedure was successful in dissecting the gastric SMT. The tumor was located in the upper third of the stomach in eight cases, in the middle third in eight cases, and in the lower third in four cases. The mean operating time was 157.0 ± 68.4 minutes, and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 3.5 ± 6.4 ml. The postoperative course was uneventful in all cases.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the feasibility and satisfactory surgical outcomes after LECS for gastric SMT. With LECS, relatively small sections of healthy gastric wall are resected without postoperative morbidity or mortality. Thus, LECS is safe, easy, and beneficial for laparoscopic resection of SMTs, although care should be taken to avoid gastric juice contamination.
Synergy between the pharmacological chaperone 1‐deoxygalactonojirimycin and the human recombinant alpha‐galactosidase A in cultured fibroblasts from patients with Fabry disease
Authors: Porto Caterina , Pisani Antonio , Rosa Margherita , Acampora Emma , Avolio Valeria , Tuzzi Maria Rosaria , Visciano Bianca , Gagliardo Cristina , Materazzi Serena , la Marca Giancarlo , Andria Generoso , Parenti Giancarlo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFabry disease (FD) is an X‐linked inherited disease due to alpha‐galactosidase A (alpha‐Gal A) deficiency and characterized by lysosomal storage of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and related neutral glycosphingolipids. Storage of these substrates results in multisystem manifestations, including renal failure, cardiomyopathy, premature myocardial infarctions, stroke, chronic neuronopathic pain, gastrointestinal disturbances, and skin angiokeratoma. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human alpha‐galactosidase A (rh‐alpha‐Gal A) is now available for the treatment of FD and in most patients results in clinical improvement or stabilization. However, ERT efficacy may vary in different tissues and its long‐term effects remain to be defined. As a strategy to improve the efficacy of ERT, we tested the combination of rh‐alpha‐Gal A with the chaperone molecule 1‐deoxynojirimycin (DGJ) in cultured FD fibroblasts with negligible residual enzyme activity. Compared to the effects of rh‐alpha‐Gal A alone, co‐administration of DGJ and rh‐alpha‐Gal A resulted in better correction (4.8 to 16.9‐fold) of intracellular alpha‐Gal A activity, and increased amounts of the enzyme within the lysosomal compartment. The clearance of lyso‐Gb3, one of the substrates stored in FD and a potent inhibitor of alpha‐Gal A, was also significantly improved with the co‐administration of DGJ and rh‐alpha‐Gal A. This study provides additional evidence for a synergistic effect between ERT and pharmacological chaperone therapy and supports the idea that the efficacy of combination protocols may be superior to ERT alone.