bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron-deficiency anaemia, gastric hyperplasia, and elevated gastrin levels due to potassium channel dysfunction in the Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome
Authors: Winbo Annika , Sandström Olof , Palmqvist Richard , Rydberg Annika 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimWe investigated extra-cardiac clinical symptoms and signs in the rare Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome, characterised by impairedKCNQ1function, a gene essential for gastric acid secretion.MethodsAll Swedish Jervell and Lange-Nielsen cases with doubleKCNQ1mutations (14 cases) were investigated by medical record review, an interview, and were offered laboratory testing for iron-deficiency anaemia and gastrointestinal markers.ResultsA history of iron-deficiency anaemia in 12 of 14 patients and subjective gastrointestinal symptoms in 13 of 14 patients was revealed. Previous endoscopy in five cases had revealed no case of coeliac or inflammatory bowel disease but three cases of mucosal hyperplasia/dysplasia. Current signs of anaemia or iron substitution were present in 9 of 12 tested cases. Elevated levels of gastrin in seven of nine cases, pepsinogen in six of seven cases, and faecal calprotectin in nine of nine cases were present. A significant correlation between elevated gastrin levels and concurrent iron-deficiency and/or anaemia was revealed (p-value 0.039).ConclusionsA high frequency of extra-cardiac clinical symptoms and previous medical investigations was found. We propose that the Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome phenotypically includes gastrointestinal symptoms/signs and secondary iron-deficiency anaemia owing to hypochlorhydria on the basis ofKCNQ1mutations. The resultant elevated gastrin level is a potential risk factor for later gastrointestinal cancer. Clinical monitoring with regard to developing anaemia and hypergastrinaemia should be considered in the Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome.
SPHERES, Jülich's high-flux neutron backscattering spectrometer at FRM II
Authors: Wuttke Joachim , Budwig Alfred , Drochner Matthias , Kämmerling Hans , Kayser Franz-Joseph , Kleines Harald , Ossovyi Vladimir , Pardo Luis Carlos , Prager Michael , Richter Dieter , Schneider Gerald J. , Schneider Harald , Staringer Simon 
Published: July 2012

SPHERES is a third-generation neutron backscattering spectrometer, located at the 20 MW German neutron source FRM II and operated by the Jülich Centre for Neutron Science. It offers an energy resolution (fwhm) better than 0.65 μeV, a dynamic range of ± 31 μeV, and a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 1750:1.
Hematologic β-Tubulin VI Isoform Exhibits Genetic Variability That Influences Paclitaxel Toxicity
Authors: Leandro-García Luis J. , Leskelä Susanna , Inglada-Pérez Lucía , Landa Iñigo , de Cubas Aguirre A. , Maliszewska Agnieszka , Comino-Méndez Iñaki , Letón Rocío , Gómez-Graña Álvaro , Torres Raúl , Ramírez Juan Carlos , Álvarez Sara , Rivera José , Martínez Constantino , Lozano María Luisa , Cascón Alberto , Robledo Mercedes , Rodríguez-Antona Cristina 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Cellular microtubules composed of α-β-tubulin heterodimers that are essential for cell shape, division, and intracellular transport are valid targets for anticancer therapy. However, not all the conserved but differentially expressed members of the β-tubulin gene superfamily have been investigated for their role in these settings. In this study, we examined roles for the hematologic isoform β-tubulin VI and functional genetic variants in the gene. β-tubulin VI was highly expressed in blood cells with a substantial interindividual variability (seven-fold variation in mRNA). We characterized DNA missense variations leading to Q43P, T274M, and R307H, and a rare nonsense variant, Y55X. Because variations in the hematologic target of microtubule-binding drugs might alter their myelosuppressive action, we tested their effect in cell lines stably expressing the different β-tubulin VI full-length variants, finding that the T274M change significantly decreased sensitivity to paclitaxel-induced tubulin polymerization. Furthermore, patients treated with paclitaxel and carrying β-tubulin VI T274M exhibited a significantly lower thrombocytopenia than wild-type homozygous patients (P = 0.031). Together, our findings define β-tubulin VI as a hematologic isotype with significant genetic variation in humans that may affect the myelosuppresive action of microtubule-binding drugs. A polymorphism found in a tubulin isoform expressed only in hemapoietic cells may contribute to the patient variation in myelosuppression that occurs after treatment with microtubule-binding drugs. Cancer Res; 72(18); 4744–52. ©2012 AACR.
The Observed Hemispheric Symmetry in Reflected Shortwave Irradiance
Authors: Voigt Aiko , Stevens Bjorn , Bader Jürgen , Mauritsen Thorsten 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
While the concentration of landmasses and atmospheric aerosols on the Northern Hemisphere suggests that the Northern Hemisphere is brighter than the Southern Hemisphere, satellite measurements of top-of-atmosphere irradiances found that both hemispheres reflect nearly the same amount of shortwave irradiance. Here, the authors document that the most precise and accurate observation, the energy balanced and filled dataset of the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System covering the period 2000–10, measures an absolute hemispheric difference in reflected shortwave irradiance of 0.1 W m−2. In contrast, the longwave irradiance of the two hemispheres differs by more than 1 W m−2, indicating that the observed climate system exhibits hemispheric symmetry in reflected shortwave irradiance but not in longwave irradiance. The authors devise a variety of methods to estimate the spatial degrees of freedom of the time-mean reflected shortwave irradiance. These are used to show that the hemispheric symmetry in reflected shortwave irradiance is a nontrivial property of the Earth system in the sense that most partitionings of Earth into two random halves do not exhibit hemispheric symmetry in reflected shortwave irradiance. Climate models generally do not reproduce the observed hemispheric symmetry, which the authors interpret as further evidence that the symmetry is nontrivial. While the authors cannot rule out that the observed hemispheric symmetry in reflected shortwave irradiance is accidental, their results motivate a search for mechanisms that minimize hemispheric differences in reflected shortwave irradiance and planetary albedo.
Thyroidectomy Outcomes
Authors: Vashishta Rishi , Mahalingam‐Dhingra Aditya , Lander Lina , Shin Edward J. , Shah Rahul K. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesDescribe trends and outcomes of patients undergoing thyroidectomy.Study Design and SettingRetrospective search of national inpatient database.Subjects and MethodsThe Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2009 was searched using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes for thyroidectomy. Data extraction included patient demographics, hospital characteristics, and associated diagnoses. Subgroup analysis was performed on mortalities; bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to examine predictors of complications.ResultsIn the United States, 59,478 patients were admitted and underwent thyroidectomy in 2009. Their mean (SD) age was 53.0 (16.4) years. Mean (SD) length of stay was 3.0 (6.9) days, and mean (SD) total charges was $39,236 ($73,679). Total thyroidectomy was performed in 53.6% of patients; 33.2% underwent unilateral lobectomy. Most common thyroid disorders included nontoxic nodular goiter (36.0%) and malignant neoplasm (30.3%). There were 363 (0.61%) mortalities, with a mean (SD) age of 65.5 (15.2) years, length of stay of 13.9 (15.2) days, and total charges of $218,855 ($191,977). Of all patients, 6.18% had hypocalcemia and 0.77% had hypoparathyroidism; the incidence of vocal cord paresis was 0.85% unilaterally and 0.34% bilaterally. Multivariate analysis revealed predictors of complications following thyroid surgery were female sex (P =. 0001), total thyroidectomy procedure (P <. 0001), hospital location and teaching status (P =. 0060), hospital bed size (P =. 0054), type of thyroid disorder, and underlying patient comorbidities.ConclusionReporting of normative data for thyroidectomy facilitates comparison. Hospitalizations for patients undergoing thyroidectomy require significant resource utilization. Predictors of complications include female sex, type of thyroid disorder and procedure, hospital location and teaching status, hospital bed size, and patient comorbidities.
Combination chemotherapy with intermittent erlotinib and pemetrexed for pretreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase I dose-finding study
Authors: Minami Seigo , Kijima Takashi , Takahashi Ryo , Kida Hiroshi , Nakatani Takeshi , Hamaguchi Masanari , Takeuchi Yoshiko , Nagatomo Izumi , Yamamoto Suguru , Tachibana Isao , Komuta Kiyoshi , Kawase Ichiro 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Erlotinib and pemetrexed have been approved for the second-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These two agents have different mechanisms of action. Combined treatment with erlotinib and pemetrexed could potentially augment the antitumor activity of either agent alone. In the present study, we investigated the safety profile of combined administration of the two agents in pretreated NSCLC patients.

Methods
A phase I dose-finding study (Trial registration: UMIN000002900) was performed in patients with stage III/IV nonsquamous NSCLC whose disease had progressed on or after receiving first-line chemotherapy. Patients received 500 mg/m2 of pemetrexed intravenously every 21 days and erlotinib (100 mg at Level 1 and 150 mg at Level 2) orally on days 2–16.

Results
Twelve patients, nine males and three females, were recruited. Patient characteristics included a median age of 66 years (range, 48–78 years), stage IV disease (nine cases), adenocarcinoma (seven cases) and activating mutation-positives in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (two cases). Treatment was well-tolerated, and the recommended dose of erlotinib was fixed at 150 mg. Dose-limiting toxicities were experienced in three patients and included: grade 3 elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase, repetitive grade 4 neutropenia that required reduction of the second dose of pemetrexed and grade 3 diarrhea. No patient experienced drug-induced interstitial lung disease. Three patients achieved a partial response and stable disease was maintained in five patients.

Conclusions
Combination chemotherapy of intermittent erlotinib with pemetrexed was well-tolerated, with promising efficacy against pretreated advanced nonsquamous NSCLC.
Flower-like Na2O nanotip synthesis via femtosecond laser ablation of glass
Authors: Samarasekera Champika , Tan Bo , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The current state-of-the-art in nanotip synthesis relies on techniques that utilize elaborate precursor chemicals, catalysts, or vacuum conditions, and any combination thereof. To realize their ultimate potential, synthesized nanotips require simpler fabrication techniques that allow for control over their final nano-morphology. We present a unique, dry, catalyst-free, and ambient condition method for creating densely clustered, flower-like, sodium oxide (Na2O) nanotips with controllable tip widths. Femtosecond laser ablation of a soda-lime glass substrate at a megahertz repetition rate, with nitrogen flow, was employed to generate nanotips with base and head widths as small as 100 and 20 nm respectively, and lengths as long as 10 μm. Control of the nanotip widths was demonstrated via laser dwell time with longer dwell times producing denser clusters of thinner nanotips. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis reveals that nanotip composition is Na2O. A new formation mechanism is proposed, involving an electrostatic effect between ionized nitrogen and polar Na2O. The synthesized nanotips may potentially be used in antibacterial and hydrogen storage applications.
A study of photoluminescence properties and performance improvement of Cd-doped ZnO quantum dots prepared by the sol–gel method
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhao Su-Qing , Zhang Kun , Zhou Jian-Qing , Cai Yan-Fei 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
In the present work, ZnO quantum dots (QDs) have been prepared by the sol–gel method, and the performance of the QDs has been improved. The effect of Cd concentration on the structural and luminescent properties of the QDs, as well as the effect of the mass ratio of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO)/octadecylamine (ODA), has been investigated. The ZnO and Cd-doped ZnO QDs have hexagonal wurtzite structures and are 3 to 6 nm in diameter. When the Cd content was increased, the QD particle size was reduced; this effect was confirmed in the corresponding ultraviolet–visible spectra. The fluorescence intensity was simultaneously enhanced significantly. Both the UV and fluorescence spectra were blue-shifted. The luminous intensity was further enhanced when the QDs were modified with TOPO/ODA. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction techniques proved that the polymer successfully coated the surfaces of the QDs. A TOPO/ODA mass ratio of 1:2 was determined to result in the best optical performance among the different ratios examined. The results showed that the described synthetic method is appropriate for the preparation of doped QDs with high-fluorescence quantum efficiency.
Women care about local knowledge, experiences from ethnomycology
Authors: Garibay-Orijel Roberto , Ramírez-Terrazo Amaranta , Ordaz-Velázquez Marisa 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGender is one of the main variables that influence the distribution of local knowledge. We carried out a literature review concerning local mycological knowledge, paying special attention to data concerning women’s knowledge and comparative gender data. We found that unique features of local mycological knowledge allow people to successfully manage mushrooms. Women are involved in every stage of mushroom utilization from collection to processing and marketing. Local mycological knowledge includes the use mushrooms as food, medicine, and recreational objects as well as an aid to seasonal household economies. In many regions of the world, women are often the main mushroom collectors and possess a vast knowledge about mushroom taxonomy, biology, and ecology. Local experts play a vital role in the transmission of local mycological knowledge. Women participate in the diffusion of this knowledge as well as in its enrichment through innovation. Female mushroom collectors appreciate their mycological knowledge and pursue strategies and organization to reproduce it in their communities. Women mushroom gatherers are conscious of their knowledge, value its contribution in their subsistence systems, and proudly incorporate it in their cultural identity.
A comparison of conduction calorimeter and heat of solution methods for measurement of the heat of hydration of cement
Authors: Killoh D. C. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis Factors governing the accuracy and precision of the heat of hydration of cement measured by isothermal conduction calorimetry are discussed and results are presented comparing the values with those obtained by the heat of solution method (BS 4550: Part 3: Section 3·8). Comparison of the two methods is also made on the basis of a review of the published data. The conduction calorimeters used, which are of the Wexham Developments type, have the capability of measuring heat evolution rates between 10 μW and 200 mW for sample weights in the range 0·1 to 50 g over periods from a few hours up to several weeks. Tests have shown that rates can be measured with an error of less than 1%. The error in the measurement of total heat evolved was less than 1% from 1 J to 10 kJ. The calorimeters have been used successfully between 5 and 60°C. Excellent agreement has been obtained with the heat of solution method but with standard deviations 3 to 5 times lower. It is shown that conduction calorimetry can provide a viable alternative to the heat of solution method for measuring the heat of hydration of hydraulic cements. It is less laborious, more precise and measurements can be continued up to 7 days, and in many cases up to 28 days. It can also provide valuable data on heat evolution rates at early ages.
Spectrophotometric method for estimating the reactivity of pozzolanic materials
Authors: Surana M. S. , Josh S. N. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis A spectrophotometric method is described for estimating the reactivity of pozzolanic materials. The method consists of boiling the pozzolana in 0·5 N NaOH solution for 3 min and estimating the alkali-soluble silica by spectrophotometry. Details of the method are described and results are correlated with strength developed in the lime-pozzolana mortar test. Some aspects of the chemistry of the silica estimation are also discussed. The proposed method is rapid, reproducible and accurate enough for routine quality control of pozzolanic materials.
Les associations « modernes », fer de lance de la société civile ?
Authors: Roca Pierre-Jean 
Published: July 2012

En Algérie, le milieu associatif est ancien et multiforme : des mouvements de jeunesse de l’époque socialiste aux associations religieuses, en passant par les clubs sportifs, tous ces regroupements forment une galaxie complexe. Au sein de celle-ci, des associations culturelles, de service ou de plaidoyer émergent aujourd’hui. Elles sont « modernes » par deux caractéristiques : elles tournent clairement le dos aux formes associatives connues jusque là puisqu’elles ne sont pas constituées à base de sociabilité et d’enrôlement soit communautaire, soit de proximité. Par ailleurs, elles sont adossées à des dynamiques internationales (relations avec des financements et des associations européennes, et organisation des activités sous forme de « projet »). Partie émergée de l’iceberg « société civile », ces associations sont-elles des groupes « tolérés », reliques de la « libéralisation » de 1988, ou des formes d’avenir annonciatrices d’un printemps algérien ?
Les centres commerciaux à São Paulo
Authors: Cary Paul 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Cet article se propose d’analyser le mouvement de diffusion des centres commerciaux dans la métropole de São Paulo qui en présente une très forte concentration. Basé sur une approche socio-ethnographique, il s’intéresse aux usages des malls , qui semblent révéler un entre-soi croissant en leur sein, à tel point qu’on peut y lire une extension du domaine de la maison (« casa ») théorisé par Da Matta en opposition à celui de la « rue ». Si les malls peuvent renforcer une certaine fragmentation des rapports sociaux et du tissu urbain, cette tendance ne doit cependant pas masquer que leur succès est l’indice d’une déségrégation massive de la société brésilienne, que l’accès massif à la consommation de populations – qui en avaient jusque-là été exclues – semble révéler.
Pour une éthique de l'industrie, les enseignements du modèle Bosch
Authors: Maugis Guy 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Le Groupe Bosch, qui emploie 300 000 personnes dans 135 pays, n’a pas d’actionnaire : il est propriété de la fondation Robert Bosch Stiftung GmbH. Les bénéfices sont réinvestis dans l’entreprise, qui peut mener des projets de long terme et audacieux. L’amour du produit et la connaissance de l’industrie se retrouvent jusque chez les membres du conseil d’administration. Le résultat comptable est vraiment un résultat et pas un objectif, le personnel une ressource et pas une variable d’ajustement...
Les villes du Brabant face à la crise des finances du duché de Jean II La crise d'une société tout entière ?
Authors: Billen Claire , Kusman David 
Published: July 2012

Le clerc d’Anvers et chroniqueur brabançon, Jan van Boendale (1290-1351) décrit le règne du duc Jean II (1294-1312) comme marqué par trois fractures surprenantes et déplorables : – le monopole politique des élites urbaines lignagères est menacé par le Commun ; – des usurpateurs s’emparent de l’identité de trois nobles combattants, décédés à la bataille de Courtrai, ils paradent dans la région de Tournai dans les Pays-Bas ; – une troupe de misérables improvise une croisade dépourvue de toute légitimité et, traversant le Brabant, s’en prennent aux communautés juives de la principauté. Derrière la crise funeste des valeurs établies qu’en déduit le chroniqueur, apparaissent les failles d’une société tout entière. Celle-ci témoigne de son épuisement fiscal, des manœuvres politiques et commerciales des grands marchands, défendant fermement leur domination sur les villes, enfin de l’insoutenable vulnérabilité de la masse des travailleurs subalternes des ateliers urbains. Les villes du Brabant entament leur longue marche vers la remise en cause de leur système de gouvernement.
Enseignement supérieur, recherche et collectivités locales
Authors: Lebeau Boris , Vadelorge Loïc 
Published: July 2012

Cet article introduit les principaux questionnements qui ont été abordés lors d’une journée d’étude organisée le 6 décembre 2011 par le Centre de recherches Espaces Sociétés Cultures, sur le thème « enseignement supérieur, recherche et collectivités locales ». Il s’agit ici de mettre en perspective la manière dont la recherche urbaine a traité le processus de territorialisation des universités depuis une trentaine d’années. Le développement sans précédent des implantations universitaires dans les années 1960-1970 puis dans les années 1990 constitue de facto les universités en question urbaine. Cette question se décline sous l’angle de l’aménagement des centres ou des périphéries urbaines mais aussi sous l’angle politique des rapports avec les collectivités politiques concernées. Les transformations institutionnelles récentes (politique des PRES, développement des intercommunalités) font émerger la figure de l’université partenaire ou productrice de territoire.
De l'altermondialisme aux « Indignés » : un nouveau souffle pour la contestation du capitalisme ?
Authors: Fougier Eddy 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Depuis quelques années, on parle régulièrement d’un « essoufflement » de l’altermondialisme. C’est le cas en Europe, mais pas nécessairement ailleurs, en particulier en Amérique latine, où se trouve désormais le cœur névralgique du mouvement. La crise récente l’a amené à opérer une profonde réorientation en ne s’intéressant plus uniquement à la mondialisation, mais aussi à la crise climatique et à celle de la civilisation occidentale. Depuis 2011, les altermondialistes doivent faire face au défi de l’émergence des mouvements des « Indignés » et de la démondialisation. L’altermondialisme n’est donc pas mort, mais il a perdu sa position dominante dans la contestation du système économique mondial et surtout il n’a pas été en mesure d’inverser le rapport de force face aux conservateurs.
Gradings on the exceptional Lie algebras $F_4$ and $G_2$ revisited
Authors: Elduque Alberto , Kochetov Mikhail 
Published: July 2012

All gradings by abelian groups are classified on the following algebras over an algebraically closed field

\mathbb{F}

: the simple Lie algebra of type

G_2

(char

\mathbb{F}\ne 2,3

), the exceptional simple Jordan algebra (char

\mathbb{F}\ne 2

), and the simple Lie algebra of type

F_4

(char

\mathbb{F} \ne 2

).
Place à la famille
Authors: Boily Nicole , Bitaudeau Isabelle 
Published: July 2012

Cet article propose un bref portrait des familles contemporaines, en dégageant les principales tendances et les profondes transformations qu’a connu la cellule familiale au cours des dernières décennies. L’avènement de la démocratie familiale et le développement de relations égalitaires entre tous les membres de la famille influencent la manière dont les parents d’aujourd’hui perçoivent leur rôle.
Face à la toxicomanie, les familles se sentent souvent démunies et sont aux prises avec des représentations contradictoires du phénomène. Cependant, la famille demeure sans conteste le premier et principal milieu de vie des individus. La reconnaissance des fonctions primordiales de la famille est essentielle à la compréhension et la résolution des problèmes sociaux. Nous insistons sur l’importance de miser sur les forces du système familial, tant sur le plan de la prévention que de l’action.