bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective and randomized study comparing ultrasound‐guided real time injection to conventional blind injection of botulinum neurotoxin for glabellar wrinkles
Authors: Wu Yange , Zhang Yun , Li Huimin , Lin Jiaqi , Ye Hengni , Chen Xuepeng , Tang Kuangyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum neurotoxin injections are the most frequently performed cosmetic procedures, but conventional blind injection for glabellar wrinkles remains to have some limitations.AimsWe intend to directly inject botulinum neurotoxin into the glabella complex guided by real time ultrasound. We aim to propose a more efficient and safer botulinum neurotoxin injection strategy for glabellar wrinkles.MethodsA total of 40 subjects with moderate to severe glabellar lines were enrolled in this study to receive botulinum neurotoxin injection, either through ultrasound‐guided real time injection or conventional blind injection. Facial Wrinkle Scale (ranging from 0 = none to 3 = severe) and inter‐brow distance (from 3D scanned face images) were used to evaluate the glabellar wrinkles improvement. Paired t test and two‐sample t test were performed to analyze the within‐group and between‐group differences.ResultsThe wrinkle score reduction was significant (p < 0.0001) immediately after the injection in ultrasound‐guided injection group, but not in blind injection group (p = 0.163). Ultrasound‐guided injection also showed a higher performance of wrinkle score reduction and more effective inter‐brow distance increase over blind injection at Day 0 (p < 0.0001), Day 1 (p < 0.0001), Day 21 (p < 0.01) and Day 35 (p < 0.01) after initial treatment.ConclusionsThe results of the study confirmed that botulinum neurotoxin injection for glabellar wrinkles under ultrasound guidance achieves quicker onset of action and better final outcomes compared to conventional blind injection.
Bradyrhizobium japonicumHmuP is an RNA‐binding protein that positively controls hmuR operon expression by suppression of a negative regulatory RNA element in the 5′ untranslated region
Authors: Wu Peipei , Ong Alasteir , O'Brian Mark R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe hmuR operon encodes proteins for the uptake and utilization of heme as a nutritional iron source in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The hmuR operon is transcriptionally activated by the Irr protein and is also positively controlled by HmuP by an unknown mechanism. An hmuP mutant does not express the hmuR operon genes nor does it grow on heme. Here, we show that hmuR expression from a heterologous promoter still requires hmuP, suggesting that HmuP does not regulate at the transcriptional level. Replacement of the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) of an HmuP‐independent gene with the hmuR 5′UTR conferred HmuP‐dependent expression on that gene. Recombinant HmuP bound an HmuP‐responsive RNA element (HPRE) within the hmuR 5′UTR. A 2 nt substitution predicted to destabilize the secondary structure of the HPRE abolished both HmuP binding activity in vitro and hmuR expression in cells. However, deletion of the HPRE partially restored hmuR expression in an hmuP mutant, and it rescued growth of the hmuP mutant on heme. These findings suggest that the HPRE is a negative regulatory RNA element that is suppressed when bound by HmuP to express the hmuR operon.
Automated body length and body condition measurements of whales from drone videos for rapid assessment of population health
Authors: Bierlich Kevin Charles , Karki Sagar , Bird Clara N. , Fern Alan , Torres Leigh G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMonitoring body length and body condition of individuals helps determine overall population health and assess adaptation to environmental changes. Aerial photogrammetry from drone‐based videos is a valuable method for obtaining body length and body condition measurements of cetaceans. However, the laborious manual processing of drone‐based videos to select frames to measure animals ultimately delays assessment of population health and hinders conservation actions. Here, we apply deep learning methods to expedite the processing of drone‐based videos to improve efficiency of obtaining important morphological measurements of whales. We develop two user‐friendly models to automatically (1) detect and output frames containing whales from drone‐based videos (“DeteX”) and (2) extract body length and body condition measurements from input frames (“XtraX”). We use drone‐based videos of gray whales to compare manual versus automated measurements (n = 86). Our results show automated methods reduced processing times by one‐ninth, while achieving similar accuracy as manual measurements (mean coefficient of variation <5%). We also demonstrate how these methods are adaptable to other species and identify remaining challenges to help further improve automated measurements in the future. Importantly, these tools greatly speed up obtaining key morphological data while maintaining accuracy, which is critical for effectively monitoring population health.
Julian of Norwich's Grateful God
Authors: McAnnally‐Linz Ryan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe sixth “showing” that Julian of Norwich recounts in her Revelation of Love includes a vision of the saints receiving thanks from God. Julian echoes and refers back to this scene at several other points in her text, but she never acknowledges its oddity within the broadly Augustinian‐Platonist stream of theology within which she works. How can it make sense for the God who is Being, Goodness, and Truth—the creator and cause of all that is—to give thanks to a creature? I argue that Julian's image of a grateful God accords with (1) her account of God's aim in creation, including the defeat of sin and evil, and (2) her understanding of the place of giving and receiving in humans’ likeness to God.
GLR‐dependent calcium and electrical signals are not coupled to systemic, oxylipin‐based wound‐induced gene expression in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Sanmartín Maite , Rojo Enrique , Kurenda Andrzej , Larruy‐García Beatriz , Zamarreño Ángel M. , Delgadillo M. Otilia , Brito‐Gutiérrez Pavel , García‐Mina José M. , Farmer Edward E. , Sánchez‐Serrano Jose J. 
Published: May 2024

Summary

In angiosperms, wound‐derived signals travel through the vasculature to systemically activate defence responses throughout the plant. In Arabidopsis thaliana, activity of vasculature‐specific Clade 3 glutamate receptor‐like (GLR) channels is required for the transmission of electrical signals and cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) waves from wounded leaves to distal tissues, triggering activation of oxylipin‐dependent defences.

Whether nonvascular plants mount systemic responses upon wounding remains unknown. To explore the evolution of systemic defence responses, we investigated electrical and calcium signalling in the nonvascular plant Marchantia polymorpha.

We found that electrical signals and [Ca2+]cyt waves are generated in response to mechanical wounding and propagated to nondamaged distal tissues in M. polymorpha. Functional analysis of MpGLR, the only GLR encoded in the genome of M. polymorpha, indicates that its activity is necessary for the systemic transmission of wound‐induced electrical signals and [Ca2+]cyt waves, similar to vascular plants. However, spread of these signals is neither coupled to systemic accumulation of oxylipins nor to a transcriptional defence response in the distal tissues of wounded M. polymorpha plants.

Our results suggest that lack of vasculature prevents translocation of additional signalling factors that, together with electrical signals and [Ca2+]cyt waves, contribute to systemic activation of defences in tracheophytes.
What a Puzzle! Unravelling Why UK Phillips Curves were Unstable
Authors: Castle Jennifer L. , Hendry David F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe UK relationship between nominal wage inflation and the unemployment rate is unstable. Over sub‐periods of the last 160 years of turbulent data, Phillips curve slopes range from strongly negative, slightly negative, flat, slightly positive and strongly positive. Our constant‐parameter congruent model of real wages explains these instabilities, yet also implies a constant negative relationship between nominal wage inflation and the unemployment rate when corrected by its regressors. Disentangling these effects reveals that structural breaks in the real‐wage model's variables do not explain the instabilities, which instead occur during sub‐periods when some of its explanatory variables are insignificant.
Impossible Ethics: Do Population Ethical Impossibility Results Support Moral Skepticism and/or Anti‐Realism?
Authors: Moberger Victor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss two different metaethical challenges based on population ethical impossibility results. According to the anti‐realist challenge, the results pose a serious threat to the existence of objective moral facts. According to the skeptical challenge, the results pose a serious threat to the reliability of our moral intuitions. My aim is to systematically explore and evaluate these challenges. In addition to clarifying the issues, I argue that population ethical impossibility results do not in fact support any anti‐realist or skeptical conclusions.
Different roads, same destination: The shared future of plant ecophysiology and ecohydrology
Authors: Wilkening Jean V. , Feng Xue , Dawson Todd E. , Thompson Sally E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTerrestrial water fluxes are substantially mediated by vegetation, while the distribution, growth, health, and mortality of plants are strongly influenced by the availability of water. These interactions, playing out across multiple spatial and temporal scales, link the disciplines of plant ecophysiology and ecohydrology. Despite this connection, the disciplines have provided complementary, but largely independent, perspectives on the soil‐plant‐atmosphere continuum since their crystallization as modern scientific disciplines in the late 20th century. This review traces the development of the two disciplines, from their respective origins in engineering and ecology, their largely independent growth and maturation, and the eventual development of common conceptual and quantitative frameworks. This common ground has allowed explicit coupling of the disciplines to better understand plant function. Case studies both illuminate the limitations of the disciplines working in isolation, and reveal the exciting possibilities created by consilience between the disciplines. The histories of the two disciplines suggest opportunities for new advances will arise from sharing methodologies, working across multiple levels of complexity, and leveraging new observational technologies. Practically, these exchanges can be supported by creating shared scientific spaces. This review argues that consilience and collaboration are essential for robust and evidence‐based predictions and policy responses under global change.
BET inhibition sensitizes innate checkpoint inhibitor resistant melanoma to anti‐CTLA‐4 treatment
Authors: Tseng Hsin‐Yi , Alavi Sara , Gallagher Stuart , McGuire Helen M. , Hersey Peter , Al Emran Abdullah , Tiffen Jessamy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractApproximately 50% of melanoma patients fail to respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and acquired resistance hampers long‐term survival in about half of initially responding patients. Whether targeting BET reader proteins, implicated in epigenetic dysregulation, can enhance ICB response rates and durability, remains to be determined. Here we show elevated BET proteins correlate with poor survival and ICB responses in melanoma patients. The BET inhibitor IBET151, combined with anti‐CTLA‐4, overcame innate ICB resistance however, sequential BET inhibition failed against acquired resistance in mouse models. Combination treatment response in the innate resistance model induced changes in tumor‐infiltrating immune cells, reducing myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed decreased expression of inhibitory receptors, with reduced TIM3, LAG3, and BTLA checkpoint expression. In human PBMCs in vitro, BET inhibition reduced expression of immune checkpoints in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, restoring effector cytokines and downregulating the transcriptional driver TOX. BET proteins in melanoma may play an oncogenic role by inducing immune suppression and driving T cell dysfunction. The study demonstrates an effective combination for innately unresponsive melanoma patients to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, yet highlights BET inhibitors' limitations in an acquired resistance context.
University students' and lecturers' perceived stress and satisfaction with life during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The role of personality traits and self‐efficacy
Authors: Lacko David , Čeněk Jiří , Hřebíčková Martina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the links between the Big Five personality traits and self‐efficacy, perceived stress, and life satisfaction during the COVID‐19 pandemic on a large sample of Czech university students and lecturers (N = 11,824). The study's findings indicate that during the pandemic, negative emotionality was strongly associated with both perceived stress and life satisfaction. The study also reveals a positive link between extraversion and perceived stress across the entire sample, and in the student group specifically, extraversion was negatively associated with life satisfaction. This suggests that a high level of extraversion may not act as a protective factor in situations of limited social contact, for example, under the social restriction mandates during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Additionally, self‐efficacy was associated with higher satisfaction with life but also higher perceived stress. This finding contradicts previous research conducted before and during the pandemic and warrants further investigation. Interestingly, the links between personality traits, self‐efficacy, perceived stress, and life satisfaction were not significantly moderated by professional position. Both lecturers and students experienced similar disruptions to their daily routines, social isolation, and financial concerns during the pandemic.
Image‐based inertial impact test for viscoelastic constitutive identification: A digital replica for error quantification
Authors: Matejunas Andrew , Fletcher Lloyd , Lamberson Leslie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolymers find widespread use in applications where they are subjected to impact loading. Therefore, understanding the time dependence of their mechanical response is critical to the design of structures subjected to these high strain rate environments. However, characterising these materials on microsecond time scales has proven challenging. Traditional experimental techniques rely on satisfying a number of limiting assumptions and typically do not provide direct measurements of the material parameters. Here, we propose a novel implementation of the image‐based inertial impact (IBII) test to extract viscoelastic constitutive parameters on these microsecond time scales using the stress gauge implementation of the virtual fields method. We validate the experiment using a digital replica approach in which the constitutive parameters are first extracted on a finite element model of an IBII test on a viscoelastic material. The finite element data are then used to synthetically deform computer‐generated grid images, which are then polluted with grey‐level noise to simulate the images that would be captured in a real‐life experiment. These images are processed identically to a physical experiment, and the identification is repeated using the full‐field displacements extracted from the computer‐generated images to determine the ideal processing parameters. Parameter identification was found to strongly depend on the processing parameters used to extract the kinematic fields from full‐field images, emphasising the need for computational validation before attempting a physical experiment to extract constitutive parameters. The IBII experimental method was found to be capable of simultaneously identifying the bulk modulus and the shear modulus along with their associated time constant.
An analysis of qualifications and requirements for geographic information systems (GIS) positions in the United States
Authors: Ramezan Christopher A. , Maxwell Aaron E. , Meadows Joshua T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs the demand for geospatial analytics continues to grow, geographic information systems (GIS) professionals are needed to build, operate, and maintain GIS technologies, data, and software to provide geospatial insights for modern industries and organizations. To best train the next generation of GIS professionals, an understanding of qualifications and requirements of GIS positions is needed. Thus, this work analyzes 508 GIS positions, grouped by position type (analysts, developers, educators, managers, specialists, technicians) to provide insights on key pre‐requisite requirements, such as education, experience, certifications, soft communication skills, programming skills, and knowledge of GIS or IT. In general, possession of a bachelor's degree in GIS, geography, or computer science, prior professional experience, and knowledge of GIS and IT software were common pre‐requisites for most GIS roles. Soft communication skills were also frequently desired for GIS roles. We also found that some position requirements tended to vary by position type, such as manager and developer roles requiring on average 5 years or higher prior experience, while analyst, specialist, and technician roles had much lower experience and education requirements. Higher education institutions and GIS training programs should note the desired requirements for GIS position types and continue to refine programs and develop pathways for success for aspiring GIS professionals.
Threatening as a sociocultural–conceptual communicative act
Authors: Peters Arne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present article revisits threatening discourses from the perspectives of anthropological linguistics, Cultural Linguistics, speech act theory and pragmatics. On the basis of linguistic data from 11th‐century Britain (Old English), 14th‐century Norway (Old Norse), 19th‐century Ireland (Early Modern Irish English and Modern Irish), 20th‐century Hong Kong (Hong Kong English) as well as 21st century South Africa (Black South African English), the discussion establishes verbal threats as socio‐pragmatic modes of action, that is, commissives that come as both illocutionary and perlocutionary acts. The main aim of the article is to elaborate on the central role that sociocultural norms and conventions play in the enregisterment of threat in a speech community at a given point in time. The article contributes to the development of forensic–linguistic threat assessment through a stronger focus on the sociocultural embeddedness of threatening discourses.
Limits of conical Kähler–Einstein metrics on rank one horosymmetric spaces
Authors: Delcroix Thibaut 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe consider families of conical Kähler–Einstein metrics on rank one horosymmetric Fano manifolds, with decreasing cone angles along a codimension one orbit. At the limit angle, which is positive, we show that the metrics, restricted to the complement of that orbit, converge to (the pull‐back of) the Kähler–Einstein metric on the basis of the horosymmetric homogeneous space, which is a projective homogeneous space. Then we show that, on the symmetric space fibers, the rescaled metrics converge to Stenzel's Ricci flat Kähler metric.
Knotted families from graspers
Authors: Kosanović Danica 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor any smooth manifold of dimension , we construct explicit classes in homotopy groups of spaces of embeddings of either an arc or a circle into , in every degree that is a multiple of , and show that they are detected in the Taylor tower of Goodwillie and Weiss. The classes are obtained from families of string links constructed in the ‐ball.
Analysis of Heat Transfer of Molten Salts Startup Flow in Cold Pipes Avoiding Freezing in Solar and Nuclear Energy Systems
Authors: Zhang Ye , Haddad Fouad , Li Peiwen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Molten salts are employed as the heat transfer fluid to carry the thermal energy from a solar receiver or a nuclear reactor for delivering to thermal storage systems or thermal power plants for power generation. For the startup operation, molten salts need to be pumped to flow into the pipes which may have lower temperature than the freezing point of molten salt due to the cold ambient temperature overnight or over the suspension of operation. Preventing the freezing of molten salt in cold pipes becomes a critical issue to the safe operation of a concentrating solar thermal power plant or a molten salt nuclear power plant. This study conducted a basic heat transfer analysis of the transient heat transfer from flowing molten salt to a cold pipe to determine the length from entrance to the onset of freezing of the fluid. From our modeling and analytical solution using method of characteristics, the correlation of the location of onset of freezing of molten salt with respect to the flow velocity, heat capacities of molten salt and pipes, dimension of the pipes, and the initial temperatures of salts and pipes, have been understood clearly. The modeling and computational tool can fundamentally help engineers to design a system to avoid freezing and clogging at cold startup when molten salt is applied as a heat transfer fluid.
Identification of
Anaplasma marginale
adhesins for entry into
Dermacentor andersoni
tick cells using phage display
Authors: Noh Susan M. , Ujczo Jessica , Alperin Debra C. , Jarvis Shelby M. , Solyman Muna S. M. , Koku Roberta , Akinsulie Olalekan C. , Hoffmann Elizabeth E. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Anaplasma marginale
is an obligate, intracellular, tick-borne bacterial pathogen that causes bovine anaplasmosis, an often severe, production-limiting disease of cattle found worldwide. Methods to control this disease are lacking, in large part due to major knowledge gaps in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of basic host–pathogen interactions. For example, the surface proteins that serve as adhesins and, thus, likely play a role in pathogen entry into tick cells are largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we developed a phage display library and screened 66
A
.
marginale
proteins for their ability to adhere to
Dermacentor andersoni
tick cells. From this screen, 17 candidate adhesins were identified, including OmpA and multiple members of the Msp1 family, including Msp1b, Mlp3, and Mlp4. We then measured the transcript of
ompA
and all members of the
msp1
gene family through time, and determined that
msp1b
,
mlp2
, and
mlp4
have increased transcript during tick cell infection, suggesting a possible role in host cell binding or entry. Finally, Msp1a, Msp1b, Mlp3, and OmpA were expressed as recombinant protein. When added to cultured tick cells prior to
A. marginale
infection, all proteins except the C-terminus of Msp1a reduced
A. marginale
entry by 2.2- to 4.7-fold. Except OmpA, these adhesins lack orthologs in related pathogens of humans and animals, including
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
and the
Ehrlichia
spp., thus limiting their utility in a universal tick transmission-blocking vaccine. However, this work greatly advances efforts toward developing methods to control bovine anaplasmosis and, thus, may help improve global food security.