bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polydopamine-modified black phosphorus nanosheet drug delivery system for the treatment of ischemic stroke
Authors: Yin Shujiang , Hou Jing , Li Jie , Zeng Caiyun , Chen Shuang , Zhang Han , Tian Xing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP), as a representative metal-free semiconductor, has been extensively explored. It has a higher drug loading capacity in comparison to conventional materials and also possesses excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Furthermore, BP nanosheets can enhance the permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, owing to their photothermal effect. However, the inherent instability of BP poses a significant limitation, highlighting the importance of surface modification to enhance its stability. Ischemic stroke (IS) is caused by the occlusion of blood vessels, and its treatment is challenging due to the hindrance caused by the BBB. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify improved methods for bypassing the BBB for more efficient IS treatment. This research devised a novel drug delivery approach based on pterostilbene (Pte) supported by BP nanosheets, modified with polydopamine (PDA) to form BP-Pte@PDA. This system shows robust stability and traverses the BBB using effective photothermal mechanisms. This enables the release of Pte upon pH and NIR stimuli, offering potential therapeutic advantages for treating IS. In a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model, the BP-Pte@PDA delivery system significantly reduced infarct size, and brain water content, improved neurological deficits, reduced the TLR4 inflammatory factor expression, and inhibited cell apoptosis. In summary, the drug delivery system fabricated in this study thus demonstrated good stability, therapeutic efficacy, and biocompatibility, rendering it suitable for clinical application.
Digitalization and Retirement Contribution Behavior: Evidence from Administrative Data
Authors: Daminato Claudio , Filippini Massimo , Haufler Fabio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Retirement savings decisions are increasingly mediated by digital technologies that promise to help individuals plan adequately for their retirement. We exploit a natural experiment to show that introducing a digital pension application increases the probability of making a voluntary retirement contribution by 1.8 percentage points, from an average pretreatment contribution rate of 2.8%. Men and higher-income earners are more likely to respond to the app introduction. We then leverage a field experiment to show that using the app affects contribution behavior mainly through reducing the “hassle” costs of making contributions, rather than by providing information on the associated tax savings.
The Association of Psychotherapy With Burnout, Depression, and Measures of Well-Being in Residents and Fellows: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zisook Sidney , Doran Neal , Downs Nancy , Shapiro Desiree , Haddad Angela , Lee Daniel , Newton Isabel , Kawasaki Julie , Nestsiarovich Anastasiya , Davidson Judy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Resident physicians experience high rates of burnout and depression but rarely prioritize their well-being or seek mental health care. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education mandated that training programs prioritize resident wellness and emotional and mental health to ensure readily available and accessible mental health care. To help meet that requirement and circumvent barriers to accessing care, the University of California San Diego Healer Education Assessment & Referral (HEAR) Program offers residents and fellows short-term therapy for coping with challenges that threaten their well-being. This report describes the results of a pilot study designed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the HEAR Program’s resident therapy program.

Method
The cohort included residents and fellows who completed at least 1 postbaseline assessment from January to May 2022. Measures of fulfillment, burnout, self-compassion, quality of life, depression, and suicidal ideation were assessed and compared before and up to 12 weeks after enrollment.

Results
Of the 39 residents who consented to participation, 30 completed at least 1 postbaseline assessment. Most outcomes improved after therapy, with significant increases in fulfillment (mean [SE] coefficient, 0.24 [0.08]; z score, 2.86; P = .004), self-compassion (mean [SE] coefficient, 0.37 [0.07]; z score, 5.72; P < .001), and quality of life (P < .001) and significant reductions in burnout (Stanford burnout scale: mean [SE] coefficient, −0.27 [0.07]; z score, −4.01; P < .001; single-item burnout scale: mean [SE] coefficient, −0.34 [0.08]; z score, −4.37; P < .001) and depression severity (mean [SE] coefficient, −1.08 [0.25]; z score, −4.36; P < .001).

Conclusions
This pilot study noted improvements in fulfillment, compassion, quality of life, and function, as well as reductions in burnout and depression severity, among resident physicians. Future studies in larger cohorts are needed to validate these findings and inform further optimization of this program.
Assessment of a Decade of Change in U.S. Assisted Reproductive Technology Cumulative Live-Birth Rates
Authors: Wang Sarah F. , Seifer David B. 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the effects of demographic shifts, changes in contemporaneous clinical practices, and technologic innovation on assisted reproductive technology (ART) success rates by conducting an analysis of cumulative live-birth rates across different time periods, age groups, and infertility diagnoses.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of autologous linked cycles comparing cumulative live-birth rates over successive cycles from patients undergoing their first retrieval between 2014 and 2019 in the SART CORS (Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System) database. All cycles reported for these individuals up to 2020 were included for analysis. We compared cumulative live-birth rates stratified by age and infertility cause with published data from the 2004–2009 SART CORS database.

RESULTS:
From 2014 to 2019, 447,042 patients underwent their first autologous index retrieval, resulting in 1,007,374 cycles and 252,215 live births over the period of 2014 to 2020. In contrast, between 2004 and 2008, 246,740 patients underwent 471,208 cycles, resulting in 140,859 births by 2009. Noteworthy shifts in demographics were observed, with an increase in people of color seeking reproductive technology (57.9% vs 51.7%, P<.001). There was also an increase in patients with diminished ovarian reserve and ovulatory disorders and a decrease in endometriosis, tubal, and male factor infertility (P<.001). Previously associated with decreased odds of live birth, frozen embryo transfer and preimplantation genetic testing showed increased odds in 2014–2020. Preimplantation genetic testing rose from 3.4% to 36.0% and was associated with a lower cumulative live-birth rate for those younger than age 35 years (P<.001) but a higher cumulative live-birth rate for those aged 35 years or older (P<.001). Comparing 2014–2020 with 2004–2009 shows that the overall cumulative live-birth rate improved for patients aged 35 years or older and for all infertility diagnoses except ovulatory disorders (P<.001).

CONCLUSION:
This analysis provides insights into the changing landscape of ART treatments in the United States over the past two decades. The observed shifts in demographics, clinical practices, and technology highlight the dynamic nature of an evolving field of reproductive medicine. These findings may offer insight for clinicians to consider in counseling patients and to inform future research endeavors in the field of ART.
Recent advances on anti-HIV chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell treatment to provide sustained HIV remission
Authors: Su Hang , Mueller April , Goldstein Harris 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Successful sustained remission of HIV infection has been achieved after CCR5Δ32/Δ32 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of leukemia in a small cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH). This breakthrough demonstrated that the goal of curing HIV was achievable. However, the high morbidity and mortality associated with bone marrow transplantation limits the routine application of this approach and provides a strong rationale for pursuing alternative strategies for sustained long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free HIV remission. Notably, long-term immune-mediated control of HIV replication observed in elite controllers and posttreatment controllers suggests that potent HIV-specific immune responses could provide sustained ART-free remission in PLWH. The capacity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells engineered to target malignant cells to induce remission and cure in cancer patients made this an attractive approach to provide PLWH with a potent HIV-specific immune response. Here, we review the recent advances in the design and application of anti-HIV CAR-T-cell therapy to provide a functional HIV cure.

Recent findings
HIV reservoirs are established days after infection and persist through clonal expansion of infected cells. The continuous interaction between latently infected cells and the immune system shapes the landscape of HIV latency and likely contributes to ART-free viral control in elite controllers. CAR-T cells can exhibit superior antiviral activity as compared with native HIV-specific T cells, particularly because they can be engineered to have multiple HIV specificities, resistance to HIV infection, dual costimulatory signaling, immune checkpoint inhibitors, stem cell derivation, CMV TCR coexpression, and tissue homing ligands. These modifications can significantly improve the capacities of anti-HIV CAR-T cells to prevent viral escape, resist HIV infection, and enhance cytotoxicity, persistence, and tissue penetration. Collectively, these novel modifications of anti-HIV CAR-T cell design have increased their capacity to control HIV infection.

Summary
Anti-HIV CAR-T cells can be engineered to provide potent and sustained in-vitro and in-vivo antiviral function. The combination of anti-HIV CAR-T cells with other immunotherapeutics may contribute to long-term HIV remission in PLWH.
Surveillance MRI is associated with improved survival in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Tan Natassia , Ngu Natalie , Worland Thomas , Lee Tanya , Abrahams Tobie , Freeman Elliot , Hannah Nicholas , Gazelakis Kathryn , Madden Richie G , Lynch Kate D , Valaydon Zina , Sood Siddharth , Dev Anouk , Bell Sally , Thompson Alexander J , Ding John Nik , Nicoll Amanda J , Liu Ken , Pandya Keval , Gow Paul , Lubel John , Kemp William , Roberts Stuart K , Majeed Ammar 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The benefits of regular surveillance imaging for cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are unclear. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the impact of regular magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) on outcomes of patients with PSC in Australia, where the practice of MRCP surveillance is variable.

Methods:
The relationship between MRCP surveillance and survival outcomes was assessed in a multicenter, retrospective cohort of patients with PSC from 9 tertiary liver centers in Australia. An inverse probability of treatment weighting approach was used to balance groups across potentially confounding covariates.

Results:
A total of 298 patients with PSC with 2117 person-years of follow-up were included. Two hundred and twenty patients (73.8%) had undergone MRCP surveillance. Regular surveillance was associated with a 71% reduced risk of death on multivariate weighted Cox analysis (HR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14–0.59, p < 0.001) and increased likelihood of having earlier endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography from the date of PSC diagnosis in patients with a dominant stricture (p < 0.001). However, survival posthepatobiliary cancer diagnosis was not significantly different between both groups (p = 0.74). Patients who had surveillance of less than 1 scan a year (n = 41) had comparable survival (HR: 0.46, 95% CI 0.16–1.35, p = 0.16) compared to patients who had surveillance at least yearly (n = 172).

Conclusions:
In this multicenter cohort study that employed inverse probability of treatment weighting to minimize selection bias, regular MRCP was associated with improved overall survival in patients with PSC; however, there was no difference in survival after hepatobiliary cancer diagnosis. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the benefits of regular MRCP and optimal imaging interval in patients with PSC.
Femtosecond-Assisted Mushroom Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Villarrubia Cuadrado Alberto , Sánchez-Ventosa Álvaro , Villalba-González Marta , Palacín Miranda Elisa , López Pérez María Dolores , Castillo Eslava Rosa , González-Cruces Timoteo , Cano-Ortiz Antonio 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to describe our technique for performing femtosecond laser (FSL)–assisted mushroom configuration in deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK).

Methods:
We describe our surgical technique for a mushroom-configuration DALK using a femtosecond laser (FSL) both to prepare the graft and to perform a precut of the recipient cornea, as well as the steps for the dissection of the recipient cornea and for donor cornea implantation. Moreover, we show the parameters of energy and spot separation and the external and internal diameters as well as the thickness of the external and internal keratotomy.

Results:
We performed a retrospective case series study of 20 patients with a mean follow-up of 4.36 ± 2.54 years. The indication for surgery was leukoma in 15 cases (75%), keratoconus in 4 cases (20%), and stromal corneal dystrophy in 1 case (5%). Four cases had to be converted to penetrating keratoplasty. The overall results were as follows: The mean preoperative corrected distance visual acuity increased from 0.11 ± 0.09 (0.01–0.30) to 0.78 ± 0.22 (0.30–1.0) with spectacles and to 0.92 ± 0.13 (0.5–1.0) with a gas permeable contact lens. The mean final cylinder was 3.90 ± 1.86 (1.25–7.0). The mean endothelial cell count at 6 months was 2033.83 ± 570.53 cells/mm2 (930–3207), and the mean final spherical equivalent was −4.67 ± 2.91 (−0.25 to −9.00).

Conclusions:
FSL-assisted technology is useful to achieve a predictable and safe procedure when using mushroom configuration to perform DALK. Our conversion rate from DALK to penetrating keratoplasty was similar to or even lower than that reported in the literature. In the successful DALK cases, the visual and refractive results were similar to those reported in other studies using FSL-assisted DALK (with a standard or mushroom configuration).
Retinal Detachment Rates After Uncomplicated DMEK Versus Cataract Surgery Combined (Triple-)DMEK
Authors: Schöneberger Verena , Tahmaz Volkan , Menghesha Leonie , Lüke Jan Niklas , Cursiefen Claus , Schaub Friederike , Bachmann Björn O. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the rate of and risk factors for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) either alone or in combination with cataract surgery.

Design:
Retrospective analysis of prospective database.

Methods:
Consecutive eyes with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy that received DMEK surgery with a minimum follow-up of 1 year between July 2011 and January 2021 at the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Cologne were analyzed. Exclusion criteria were complicated history including repeat DMEK within 1-year, previous retinal or glaucoma surgery, complicated phacoemulsification, congenital cataract, history of trauma.

Results:
From 3858 consecutive DMEKs, 1961 patients were identified suitable for analysis. 846 (43.1%) were pseudophakic DMEK, 91 (4.6%) phakic DMEK and 1,024 (52.2%) combined with cataract surgery. RRD occurred in 13 eyes (12 patients). Within two years after DMEK RRD occurred in 0.49% and 0.47% after DMEK and DMEK with cataract surgery, respectively. Mean age of 59.24 ± 8.42 years with subsequent RRD was significantly lower than overall 68.81 ± 9.89 years (t-test two-tailed; p < 0.001). The spherical equivalent was -4.69 ± 3.98 D (range -9.00 to 0.5) in RRD after pseudophakic DMEK compared to -2.79 ± 3.54 D (range -7.5 to 0.75) in combined procedures. Re-bubbling had no influence on RRD rate.

Conclusions:
DMEK alone or in combination with cataract surgery showed similar postoperative RRD rates in the first two years, generally in the range of pseudophakic RRDs. Risk factors such as myopia and younger age could be identified. Re-bubbling has no influence on RRD rates.
Demographic Trends at the American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Cornea Subspecialty Day
Authors: Zaloga Alexandra R. , Syed Zeba A. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to identify trends in female representation and years since training completion among speakers and moderators at the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Annual Cornea Subspecialty Day between 2007 and 2022.

Methods:
Speakers and moderators at each AAO Cornea Subspecialty Day from 2007 to 2022 were sorted by sex and year of training completion. Sex and time from training completion were identified based on the individual's institutional profile or publicly available databases.

Results:
Five hundred eighty-three speakers and 48 moderators were identified from the AAO Cornea Subspecialty Day meeting archives over 15 years. Overall, women represented 199 (34.1%) speakers and 19 (39.6%) moderators. The proportion of female speakers increased from 10.0% in 2007 to 54.8% in 2022 (P < 0.001). The ratio of female moderators increased from 4 of 21 (19.0%) in 2007 to 2014 to 15 of 27 (55.6%) in 2015 to 2022 (P = 0.017). In years where there were less than 50% female moderators, women represented 26.3% of speakers versus 44.4% of speakers in years with greater than 50% female moderators (P = 0.014). Female speakers were overall earlier in practice than male speakers, with fewer average years since training completion (16.4 ± 1.8 vs. 22.3 ± 2.1 years; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Female representation among speakers and moderators at AAO's Cornea Subspecialty Day increased between 2007 and 2022. Sessions with a majority of female moderators were associated with a higher number of female speakers. Female speakers were generally earlier in their career than male speakers. These trends highlight the overall increases in female representation in academic ophthalmology.
Small-incision lenticule extraction in a patient with congenital motor nystagmus: case report
Authors: Chan Ian Chi Yeung 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
In patients with congenital motor nystagmus, vision correction might be challenging, and laser refractive surgery is thought to be not advisable because of the patient's inability to fixate and uncontrollable eye movements.

Patient and Clinical Findings:
A 25-year-old man presented with congenital motor nystagmus and reported that he could not wear contact lenses and that spectacles gave him headaches.

Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes:
Diagnosis of motor nystagmus was established clinically, with exclusion of other abnormalities, intact vision, and a history dating back decades. Small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery using a 2000-kHz VisuMax 800 (VM800) femtosecond laser was performed successfully on both eyes. Preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 6/24-1 in the right eye and 6/60-1 in the left eye, improving to 6/7.5+1 and 6/9-1, respectively, on postoperative day 1. At day 7, UDVA further improved to 6/6+2 and 6/7.5-1, and after 1 month, it reached 6/6 for the right eye and 6/7.5-1 for the left eye. The patient had a vision gain of 1 line compared with preoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Refraction at 1 month was right +0.25 diopter sphere and left +0.25 diopter sphere. No intraoperative complications were observed.

Conclusions:
SMILE surgery using VM800 proved effective for a patient with congenital motor nystagmus, resulting in a vision gain of 1 line compared with preoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, with no intraoperative complications. Centration was within 0.2 mm of the target. These objective outcomes demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of SMILE surgery using a newer generation laser in this population.
Applications of artificial intelligence in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Souza Spenser , Bhethanabotla Rohith M. , Mohan Suresh 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Arguably one of the most disruptive innovations in medicine of the past decade, artificial intelligence is dramatically changing how healthcare is practiced today. A systematic review of the most recent artificial intelligence advances in facial plastic surgery is presented for surgeons to stay abreast of the latest in our field.

Recent findings
Artificial intelligence applications developed for use in perioperative patient evaluation and management, education, and research in facial plastic surgery are highlighted. Selected themes include automated facial analysis with landmark detection, automated facial palsy grading and emotional assessment, generation of artificial facial profiles for testing and model training, automated postoperative patient communications, and improving ethnicity-sensitive facial morphometry norms. Inherent bias can exist in artificial intelligence models, and care must be taken to utilize algorithms trained with diverse datasets.

Summary
Artificial intelligence tools are helping clinicians provide more standardized, objective, and efficient care to their patients. Increasing surgeon awareness of available tools, and their widespread implementation into clinical workflows are the next frontier. Ethical considerations must also shape the adoption of any artificial intelligence functionality. As artificial intelligence applications become a fixture in medicine, surgeons must employ them effectively to stay at the vanguard of modern medicine.
Endotherapy for the Proximal Migration of Pancreatic Stents
Authors: Cai Yi-Li , Wang Fan , Li Zhao-Shen , Hu Liang-Hao 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
Proximal migration is one of the complications after pancreatic duct stenting. This study aimed to determine the incidence of proximal migration and to analyze the rescue methods.

Materials and Methods
A search was performed in MEDLINE/Embase database. The literatures included were reviewed and analyzed. Retrieval tools were classified into the following 3 classes: class A works by indirectly contacting the outer surface of the stent. Class B works by directly contacting the outer surface. Class C works by directly contacting the inner surface.

Results
416 literatures were retrieved from 1983 to 2021. 15 literatures were included. The incidence of proximal migration of pancreatic stents was 4.7% (106/2246). The success rate of endotherapy was 86.6% (214/247), and the surgical conversion rate of it was 9.3%. Among the 214 cases in which the displaced stents were successfully removed under endoscopy, 49 cases (22.9%) used class A methods, 154 cases (72.0%) used class B methods, and 11 cases (5.1%) used class C methods. The overall rate of postoperative complication was 12.1%, including postprocedure pancreatitis (9.1%, 18/247), followed by bleeding (1.5%), perforation (1.0%), and biliary infection (0.5%).

Conclusions
Endoscopy is an effective method for the treatment of proximal displacement of pancreatic stents with acceptable complication rate.