bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Open Future
Authors: Torre Stephan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA commonly held idea regarding the nature of time is that the future is open and the past is fixed or closed. This article investigates the notion that there is an asymmetry in openness between the past and the future. The following questions are considered: How exactly is this asymmetry in openness to be understood? What is the relation between an open future and various ontological views about the future? Is an open future a branching future? What is the relation between an open future and the question of whether contingent statements about the future are true or false? Is an open future compatible with a single determinate future?
Exercise increases plasma levels of sphingoid base‐1 phosphates in humans
Authors: Baranowski M. , Charmas M. , Długołęcka B. , Górski J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim:  In recent years, blood sphingolipids attracted much attention and have been implicated in both pathophysiology and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance. However, factors affecting concentration and metabolism of sphingolipids in blood remain poorly recognized. We have previously found that exercise alters skeletal muscle sphingolipid metabolism. This finding prompted us to examine whether physical activity induces similar effects in blood.Methods:  Twenty healthy male patients were assigned to either untrained (UT, n = 10) or endurance trained (ET, n = 10) group. The patients performed either a 30 (UT group) or 60 (ET group) min exercise on a cycloergometer at a workload corresponding to 70% of V̇O2max. Blood samples were taken just before exercise, after 30 and 60 (ET group only) min of pedalling and following a 30‐min rest.Results:  ET patients were characterized by higher basal plasma sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) concentration and decreased content of sphingosine, S1P, sphinganine‐1‐phosphate (SA1P) and ceramide in erythrocytes. In ET group, plasma concentrations of all measured sphingolipids remained stable both during and after exercise. On the other hand, in UT patients, the post‐exercise levels of S1P and SA1P were markedly higher compared with the baseline values and this effect was accompanied by decreased erythrocyte ceramide content.Conclusion:  It is likely that single bout of exercise and endurance training enhances production and release of S1P by erythrocytes. We speculate that exercise‐induced increase in plasma S1P concentration might be one of the mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of physical activity on cardiovascular health and insulin sensitivity.
Photoprotective Effects of Methoxycinnamidopropyl Polysilsesquioxane
Authors: Choi Dae‐Kyoung , Jung Taek Kyu , Lim Tae‐Yeon , Kim Tae‐Heung , Kim Young Baek , Lee Jeung‐Hoon , Yoon Kyung‐Sup , Yoon Tae‐Jin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA new sunscreen ingredient, methoxycinnamidopropyl polysilsesquioxane (MCP‐PSQ), which contains an UV‐absorbing p‐methoxycinnamoyl group, has been developed synthetically and evaluated using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Previous studies revealed that MCP‐PSQ has a raising or boosting effect on the sun protection factor (SPF) of other sunscreen agents. In this study, we demonstrated that MCP‐PSQ, an organic/inorganic hybrid compound, has photoprotective effects for human fibroblasts, and for hairless mouse and human skin. MCP‐PSQ increases cell viability and suppresses the expression of p53 protein in fibroblasts after UV exposure. In addition, the numbers of sunburn cells and mast cells are reduced by topical application of MCP‐PSQ on hairless mouse skin after UV irradiation. A 10% MCP‐PSQ cream has higher and similar effects on SPF values for human skin compared to 5% titanium dioxide (TiO2) and 5% ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), respectively. The SPF value obtained using the MCP‐PSQ cream did not drop after UV irradiation of the cream itself. However, higher dose of UV irradiation is required to guarantee the stability or photostability of the formulation. Further, there were no side effects such as erythema, edema, itch or tingling, suggesting that MCP‐PSQ is a good sunscreen agent.
Analysis of Environmental and General Science Teaching Efficacy Among Instructors with Contrasting Class Ethnicity Distributions: A Four‐Dimensional Assessment
Authors: Moseley Christine , Taylor Bryan 
Published: May 2011

The context and nature of teacher efficacy beliefs provide a method upon which to explore science teachers' perceptions of their teaching effectiveness and student achievement as a function of ethnicity. Promotion of a more in‐depth knowledge of science teaching efficacy requires cross‐sectional and longitudinal investigations. In this study, a bi‐disciplinary four‐dimensional assessment is utilized to measure personal teacher efficacy, outcome expectancy, classroom management (CM), and student engagement (SE).Major findings from this study conclude that science teaching efficacy was markedly lower for science teachers with high minority class ethnicity distribution (CED) when compared with efficacy levels of teachers with high nonminority CED. Additionally, when examining efficacy dimensions separately, markedly lower mean efficacy dimension responses were consistent for teachers with high minority CED; however, only CM and SE were considered statistically different. Results were consistent for both the environmental and general science disciplines.
On the equivariant Tamagawa number conjecture in tame CM-extensions, II
Authors: Nickel Andreas 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe use the notion of non-commutative Fitting invariants to give a reformulation of the equivariant Iwasawa main conjecture (EIMC) attached to an extensionF/Kof totally real fields with Galois group 𝒢, whereKis a global number field and 𝒢 is ap-adic Lie group of dimension one for an odd primep. We attach to each finite Galois CM-extensionL/Kwith Galois groupGa module SKu(L/K) over the center of the group ring ℤGwhich coincides with the Sinnott–Kurihara ideal ifGis abelian. We state a conjecture on the integrality of SKu (L/K) which follows from the equivariant Tamagawa number conjecture (ETNC) in many cases, and is a theorem for abelianG. Assuming the vanishing of the Iwasawaμ-invariant, we compute Fitting invariants of certain Iwasawa modules via the EIMC, and we show that this implies the minus part of the ETNC atpfor an infinite class of (non-abelian) Galois CM-extensions of number fields which are at most tamely ramified abovep, provided that (an appropriatep-part of) the integrality conjecture holds.
Combination of Farnesyltransferase and Akt Inhibitors Is Synergistic in Breast Cancer Cells and Causes Significant Breast Tumor Regression in ErbB2 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Balasis Maria E. , Forinash Kara D. , Chen Y. Ann , Fulp William J. , Coppola Domenico , Hamilton Andrew D. , Cheng Jin Q. , Sebti Saïd M. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The Akt activation inhibitor triciribine and the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib have modest to little activity in clinical trials when used as single agents. In this article, preclinical data show that the combination is more effective than single agents both in cultured cells and in vivo. Combination index data analysis shows that this combination is highly synergistic at inhibiting anchorage-dependent growth of breast cancer cells. This synergistic interaction is also observed with structurally unrelated inhibitors of Akt (MK-2206) and farnesyltransferase (FTI-2153). The triciribine/tipifarnib synergistic effects are seen with several cancer cell lines including those from breast, leukemia, multiple myeloma and lung tumors with different genetic alterations such as K-Ras, B-Raf, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), p53 and pRb mutations, PTEN, pRB and Ink4a deletions, and ErbB receptor overexpression. Furthermore, the combination is synergistic at inhibiting anchorage-independent growth and at inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The combination is also more effective at inhibiting the Akt/mTOR/S6 kinase pathway. In an ErbB2-driven breast tumor transgenic mouse model, the combination, but not single agent, treatment with triciribine and tipifarnib induces significant breast tumor regression. Our findings warrant further investigation of the combination of farnesyltransferase and Akt inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 2852–62. ©2011 AACR.
Long-Term Outcome of Percutaneous Transluminal Septal Myocardial Ablation in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jensen Morten Kvistholm , Almaas Vibeke Marie , Jacobsson Linda , Hansen Peter Riis , Havndrup Ole , Aakhus Svend , Svane Bertil , Hansen Thomas Fritz , Køber Lars , Endresen Knut , Eriksson Maria J. , Jørgensen Erik , Amlie Jan Peder , Gadler Fredrik , Bundgaard Henning 
Published: May 2011

Background—
Single-center reports on percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy have shown considerable differences in outcome.

Methods and Results—

We report the long-term outcome of 313 PTSMA procedures performed in 279 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy aged 59±14 years from 1999 to 2010 in 4 Scandinavian centers. Sixty-nine percent of patients had ≥1 comorbidity at baseline. The median (interquartile range) of left ventricular outflow tract gradient at rest was reduced from 58 mm Hg (34 to 89 mm Hg) at baseline to 12 mm Hg (8 to 24 mm Hg) at 1-year (
P
<0.001) and during Valsalva maneuver from 93 mm Hg (70 to 140 mm Hg) to 21 mm Hg (11 to 42 mm Hg) (
P
<0.001). The proportion of patients with syncope was reduced from 18% to 2% (
P
<0.001), and the proportion in New York Heart Association class III/IV was reduced from 94% to 21% (
P
<0.001). All treatment effects remained stable during the follow-up. New York Heart Association class III/IV at the most recent follow-up (2.9±2.6 years) was associated with diabetes mellitus (
P
=0.03), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (
P
=0.02), and valve disease unrelated to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (
P
<0.01). In-hospital mortality was 0.3%. The 1-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 97%, 87%, and 67%, respectively (
P
=0.06 versus an age- and sex-matched background population) in all patients and 99%, 94%, and 88%, respectively (
P
=0.12) in patients aged <60 years (48±9 years, n=141). Age (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.1) was the only predictor of survival.

Conclusions—
In this multicenter study, the in-hospital mortality after PTSMA was low despite considerable comorbidities. The hemodynamic and symptomatic effects were sustained long term. The long-term symptomatic outcome was associated with baseline comorbidities. The 10-year survival rate was comparable to that in an age- and sex-matched background population, and age was the only predictor of survival.
Large eggs and ploidy of green frog populations in Central Europe
Authors: Berger Leszek , Pabijan Maciej , Rybacki Mariusz , Czarniewska Elzbieta 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGreen frogs of Central Europe consist of three taxa: Pelophylax ridibundus, P. lessonae and their natural hybridogenetic hybrid, P. esculentus, which forms as a rule mixed populations with its parental species. We examined 659 095 eggs from P. ridibundus (48 females), P. lessonae (133 females) and P. esculentus (170 females) originating from 39 populations in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Poland. Some females of each taxon laid eggs that fell into discrete size classes (small, medium and large). Large eggs were mostly diploid gametes from which triploids developed. They were found in P. esculentus (25 233 large eggs in 152 spawns), P. lessonae (81 in 10 spawns) and P. ridibundus (7 in 3 spawns). The main purpose of the paper was to demonstrate that the numbers of large eggs were clearly associated with triploid P. esculentus frogs. In pure hybrid (esculentus) populations large eggs comprised between 2.44-40.96% of all ova, while triploid adult frogs constituted between 13.9-73.2% of all individuals, in mixed ridibundus-esculentus populations the large eggs and triploid frogs ranged between 0.85-36.6% and 9.2-56.2%, respectively. However, in mixed lessonae-esculentus populations large eggs comprised only 1.74% of the spawns, whereas triploid frogs represented 2.1% of the adults in the population.
Effects of miniature transponders on physiological stress, locomotor activity, growth and survival in small lizards
Authors: Paquet Matthieu , Galliard Jean-François Le , Perret Samuel , Pantelic Zorica 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe marking of small animals for long-term ecological studies requires unambiguous and permanent techniques that cause minimal harm. Toe-clipping is frequently used to identify small lizards in the field, but it has been suggested that passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) should be preferred. Here, we evaluate the costs and benefits of new miniature PIT tags to mark the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara). Our protocol enables permanent marking of lizards as small as 1.3 grams with maximal implantation success in the abdominal cavity. Tag injection caused no observable increase in plasma corticosterone levels over five days and no negative effects on long-term growth and survival. However, tag injection had negative effects on locomotor activity during at least 7 days, possibly implying pain. Continuous research to improve tag implantation is needed because negative effects may be caused by anaesthesia and injection rather the tag retention itself. This study demonstrates the utility of combining physiological, behavioural and life history measurements to assess marking stress and pain in animals.
Elevated temperature clears chytrid fungus infections from tadpoles of the midwife toad, Alytes obstetricans
Authors: Schmidt Benedikt , Küpfer Eliane , Geiger Corina , Wolf Sarah , Schär Sämi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is sensitive to high temperature. Hence, exposing amphibians to high temperature may be a method to clear Bd infection. However, the effect of exposure to elevated temperature has never been tested in larval stages or temperate species. We experimentally exposed tadpoles of the toad Alytes obstetricans to low, medium and high temperatures and found that most, but not all, tadpoles lost the infection when exposed to temperatures higher than 2°C for 5 days. Thus, exposure to elevated temperatures can be used to treat tadpoles against Bd infection.
Preliminary survey on genetic variation within the Pygmy Algyroides, Algyroides fitzingeri, across Corsica and Sardinia
Authors: Perera Ana , Harris D. James , Salvi Daniele , Carretero Miguel , Bologna Marco 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAlgyroides fitzingeri is a Corso-Sardinian endemic lizard belonging to a relictual genus within the Lacertini radiation. In recent phylogeographic studies of Corso-Sardinian endemic lizards incongruent patterns are emerging. We investigated the mitochondrial genetic variation of A. fitzingeri across Corsica and Sardinia to obtain a preliminary portrait of its phylogeographic history. This species showed some polymorphism, but with low genetic differentiation between populations, that probably originated during the Pleistocene. Corsican populations are closely related to those from North Sardinia and are likely to have originated from them, given the higher diversity and deeper phylogeographic structure observed in Sardinia than in Corsica. While the phylogeographic structure of A. fitzingeri in Corsica is surprisingly shallow when compared with other co-distributed lizards, in Sardinia a common pattern apparently emerges. Further research is needed to confirm the hypotheses here presented and to provide a conclusive assessment of the phylogeography of this species.
Description of four new Asaccus Dixon and Anderson, 1973 (Reptilia: Phyllodactylidae) from Iran and Turkey
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Faraham , Avcı Aziz , Torki Farhang , Ilgaz Çetin , Kumlutaş Yusuf 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOne new Asaccus from the Anatolian plateau and three new Asaccus from the Iranian plateau are described as follows. (1) Asaccus barani sp. nov.: diagnosed by strongly heterogeneous dorsal tubercles; (2) Asaccus iranicus sp. nov.: diagnosed by small body size and digits (forelimbs) parallel joint to palm; (3) Asaccus tangestanensis sp. nov.: by having enlarged trihedral tubercles all over the dorsal body; (4) Asaccus zagrosicus sp. nov.: secondary postmentals are not in contact with lowerlabials (100% of specimens). Other important data on the new Asaccus are given in detail in the text.
Foraging movements by the ambush-foraging striped plateau lizard (Sceloporus virgatus) vary between sexes and with air temperature, but not with distance to an immobile observer or time of day
Authors: Cooper, Jr. William 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLizard foraging activity is assessed quantitatively by measuring various aspects of activity including number of movements per minute (MPM), proportion of time spent moving (PTM), average speed over an observation period (AS), and speed while moving (MS). With some exceptions, single estimates are given without considering possible effects of environmental variables such as air temperature and time of day. Effects of distance between lizard and observer during observation, the standing distance, have not been studied previously. I measured foraging movements in a phrynosomatid ambush forager, Sceloporus virgatus, early in the breeding season to examine possible effects of sex, air temperature, time of day, and standing distance. Males had higher values of all four foraging movement variables than females. The major cause of this difference is presumably greater socially motivated movement by males, which have much larger home ranges than females. Decreased female foraging probably contributed to the difference because gravid and possibly late vitellogenic females reduce feeding and might become less mobile to reduce the likelihood of being detected by predators when a heavy clutch reduces running speed. Time of day and standing distance did not affect foraging movements. MPM, PTM, and AS decreased as temperature increased, but these effects were small. All pairs of MPM, PTM, and AS were positively correlated, but MS was correlated only with AS, and weakly. I discuss reasons for intraspecific and interspecific correlations among movement variables.
Body size and age structure of Pelophylax ridibundus populations from two different altitudes in Turkey
Authors: Kutrup Bilal , Olgun Kurtuluş , özdemir Nurhayat , üzüm Nazan , Gül Serkan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe estimated differences in body size and age structure of two populations of Pelophylax ridibundus living at different altitudes in Turkey, one from Dörtyol (6 m a.s.l.) and the other from Karagöl (1480 m a.s.l.). Their age structure was determined by skeletochronology performed on the LAGs (lines of arrested growth) of the phalanges. While ages ranged from 2 to 8 years for males and from 2 to 7 years for females in Karagöl, in Dörtyol the ages ranged from 4 to 11 years for males, and 3 to 7 years for females. Sexual size dimorphism was only found in the Dörtyol population. Larger females tend to be found in hotter climates (Dörtyol) but reach maturity later (3-4 years) than the highland population (2 years). A significant relationship between age and snout-vent length (SVL) was found for both sexes and populations with the exception of females in Dörtyol.
The circular tail-straddling walk of the clouded salamander, Aneides ferreus: a deviation from the highly conserved linear tail-straddling walk of the Plethodontidae
Authors: Sapp Jerod , Kiemnec-Tyburczy Karen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe family Plethodontidae is the most species-rich group of salamanders and although courtship observations are rather rare for some genera, behaviors are reported to be stereotyped across members of the whole family. In detail, courtship is characterized by a distinct behavior called linear tail-straddling walk, in which the female follows the male as he moves forward in a straight line. To better understand courtship behaviour in the Plethodontidae, we report here a description of the courtship behaviour of the clouded salamander (Aneides ferreus [Cope]), which deviates from the more common pattern. Our observations of over 20 complete courtships show that A. ferreus courtship is distinct from typical plethodontid patterns in three notable ways: (1) a novel, circular tail-straddling walk precedes the typical plethodontid linear tail-straddling walk, (2) the duration of courtship is much longer than in other plethodontids, and (3) females exhibit behaviours atypical of most plethodontid females. We discuss the possible evolutionary and ecological implications of these differences, some of which may have evolved in response to habitats where space for social interactions is limited.
First fossil representative of the salamander crown-group from a Gondwanan continent:Pleurodeles cf. waltl from the Quaternary of Morocco
Authors: Stoetzel Emmanuelle , Bailon Salvador , Rage Jean-Claude 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNo fossil belonging to the Caudata crown-group has been hitherto described from a former Gondwanan continent. We report the first known extinct member of the caudate crown-clade from Africa, i.e. a Gondwanan territory. It belongs to the Recent genus Pleurodeles (Salamandridae) and is referred to as Pleurodeles cf. waltl. The fossils come from the Pleistocene of Morocco. They show that Pleurodeles (likely P. waltl) has been present in Africa for at least two million years and that anthropogenic dispersal is not the cause of its presence in this continent.
'The Body of Christ, the Spirit of Communion': Re-Visioning Pentecostal Ecclesiology in Conversation with Robert Jenson
Authors: Green Chris 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper seeks to bring pentecostal theology into dialogue with the work of Robert W. Jenson, provoking a conversation that not only serves the broader ecumenical discourse, but also contributes to the project of 're-visioning Pentecostal spirituality'. Focusing on several critical issues, the paper explores ways pentecostal theologians and practitioners might benefit from Jenson's contributions as they work to articulate a genuinely pentecostal account of the church's nature and purposes, her ministries, and institutions.
'Can I Get a Witness': The Myth of Pentecostal Orality and the Process of Traditioning in the Psalms
Authors: Ellington Scott 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThough Pentecostalism has traditionally been characterized as oral and narrative in nature, such forces as the adoption of evangelical theology and hermeneutical practices, the socio-economic prospering of western Pentecostals, and a distancing from the root stories and traditions of early Pentecostalism have resulted in a favoring of proof-texting and propositional thinking over biblical narrative and personal testimony. An exploration of the Psalms points to a close relationship between lament and testimony, as well as between worship and testimony. Also, testimony in the Psalter is trans-generational, as the current generation is frequently called upon to testify to those who will follow.
Translating Pentecostal Testimony into Interreligious Dialogue
Authors: Richie Tony 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe author argues that the current escalation of interfaith conflict, frequently leading to violence, presents an urgent demand for responsible entry into interreligious dialogue by Pentecostals. However, Pentecostal participation in dialogue must be in a manner faithful to the movement's firmly established beliefs and values. This essay describes Pentecostalism's traditional practice of Spirit-enlivened testimony as a model with familiarity and specificity for Pentecostal adherents that may be effective for broader contexts beyond the movement itself. Testimony, therefore, supplies maturing Pentecostalism, mindful of the dilemma threatening global and local stability and security, with a paradigm for a distinctive approach to interreligious dialogue, a paradigm that is both consistent with Pentecostal heritage and that creatively meets contemporary needs.