bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of sound levels, secondary school student characteristics, sound types, and audiovisual interactions on the restorative potential of school environment soundscapes
Authors: Zheng Leyi , Ren Huanzhen , Shu Shan , Gao Haoyue , Fan Junxi 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionSoundscapes can significantly impact individuals’ physical and mental health. However, the factors influencing the perceived restorativeness of soundscapes among secondary school students remain unclear. This study aims to explore the effects of school environment sound levels, individual characteristics, types of sounds, and audiovisual interactions on the perceived restorativeness soundscape (PRS) of secondary school students.MethodsThe study design includes measurements of sound pressure levels at 36 locations across six secondary schools in the Yangling District, a questionnaire survey involving 500 secondary school students, and analyses using difference, correlation, and structural equation models.ResultsThe school environmental sound level of 59 dB(A) serves as a turning point for PRS. Significant personal factors affecting students’ PRS include gender, stress level, attention level, and noise disruption. Additionally, the frequency of natural and artificial sounds generated by student movements showed a positive correlation with PRS. The combination of audiovisual stimuli was found to enhance PRS among students. Furthermore, the primary factors influencing PRS are the appropriateness of the auditory environment and visual landscape evaluation, followed by the frequency of natural sounds.ConclusionTherefore, optimizing school soundscapes requires careful consideration of the appropriateness of the auditory environment, as well as the interest, harmony, and attractiveness of the visual surroundings. It is also crucial to enhance the frequency of natural sounds by incorporating greenery and other strategies. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of secondary school soundscapes.
Feasibility and effectiveness of a group therapy combining physical activity, surf therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy to treat adolescents with depressive disorders: a pilot study
Authors: Hearn Bettina , Biscaldi Monica , Rauh Reinhold , Fleischhaker Christian 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe high prevalence of depression among adolescents underlines the need for further research into effective treatment options. Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of physical activity in reducing depressive symptoms. Recently, studies on surf therapy, as an innovative approach of physical activity, have shown promising results regarding the reduction of depressive symptoms in adults and the improvement of general mental health problems in adolescents. However, research in this area is still limited. The aim of the current study was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of a group therapy program that combines physical activity, including surf therapy, with cognitive behavioral therapy for treating depression among adolescents.MethodsThirty-two outpatients (28 female, four male) aged 13–18 years with a mean age of 15.58 years (SD = 1.52) and a primary diagnosis of depression were included. They participated in a 3-month group therapy program in groups of eight adolescents. The dropout rate was calculated as an aspect of feasibility. To evaluate effectiveness, depressive symptoms were assessed using the “Children's Depression Rating Scale–Revised” (CDRS-R) as the primary outcome measure at pre-program, post-program, and at 3-month follow-up. In addition, questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms [“Beck Depression Inventory II” (BDI-II)], emotion regulation strategies [“Fragebogen zur Erhebung der Emotionsregulation bei Kindern und Jugendlichen” (FEEL-KJ)] and self-esteem [“Selbstwertinventar für Kinder und Jugendliche” [SEKJ)] were administered as secondary outcome measures.ResultsResults showed a low dropout rate of 9.38% (n = 3). Depressive symptoms, assessed by the CDRS-R, were significantly reduced over time, with a large effect size. Symptom reductions were maintained at the 3-month follow-up.DiscussionStudy results suggest that the group therapy program is feasible and can reduce depressive symptoms. Further research that includes control groups is needed. As a clinical implication, novel treatment forms which integrate elements of physical activity, should be considered as a treatment option for depressed adolescents
Development of a psychological frailty index: results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study
Authors: Zhao Jinlong , Liu Justina Yat Wa , Fernández Daniel , Tyrovolas Stefanos 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivePsychological frailty, an emerging concept, lacks a standardized definition, measuring instrument, and empirical evidence in Asian (especially Chinese) populations. An effective instrument to measure psychological frailty should be urgently developed. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and initially validate a Psychological Frailty Index (PFI) based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The study assessed the applicability of the PFI to adverse health outcomes as a secondary aim.ResultsFactor analysis of the 15-item PFI extracted four factors of psychological frailty (psychological distress, cognitive decline, physical vulnerability, and memory decline). The PFI demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.764) and criterion validity (rho = 0.806). Psychological frailty was significantly associated with lower life expectancy (odds ratio [OR] 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71–2.29), higher outpatient treatments (1.25, 1.03–1.51), and increased hospitalization (1.45, 1.22–1.74).ConclusionThe PFI could be a reliable instrument for identifying psychological frailty. The PFI is a novel tool that measures health indicators of older adults at risk of increased psychological vulnerability, but it requires further validation.
Long-term trends in the burden of multiple myeloma in China: a Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analysis based on GBD 2021
Authors: Zhang Yanyu , Su Quanxin , Yu Jiawen , Sun Xiuli 
Published: February 2025

PurposeMultiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy originating from plasma cells with clinical manifestations such as hypercalcemia, cytopenias (most commonly anemia) and renal failure. Here, we analyzed the disease burden and changing trends of MM in China from 1990 to 2021, aiming to provide a scientific and effective basis for the prevention and control of MM disease in China.MethodsWe extracted MM related data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021 database from 1990 to 2021. It is described according to incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs) and other indicators. Using Joinpoint regression model to analyze the long-term trends of disease burden of MM in China. Using the age-period-cohort (apc) model to analyze the impact of age, period, and birth cohort on the burden of MM.ResultsIt is estimated that in 2021, there were 17,250 new cases of MM in China, with 47,004 cases and 12,984 deaths. The age-standardized incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR) and mortality rates (ASMR) per 100,000 people were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.52, 1.07), 2.19 (95% CI: 1.37, 2.90) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.81), respectively. A comparison of ASIR, ASPR and ASMR in 2021 with those in 1990 indicated an increase. The ASIR and ASMR of males are higher than those of females overall, and both were increasing with age. The ASIR exhibited a gradual upward trend, while ASPR (AAPC = 6.43, 95% CI: 5.90, 6.96) demonstrated the most substantial increase. The apc model indicated the net drift was found to be 3.70% (95%CI: 3.32, 4.08%) per year for incidence and 2.57% (95%CI: 2.24, 2.89%) per year for mortality. The effects of age, period, and cohort on the incidence and mortality rates exhibited significant variations. The incidence risk increased with age, but the mortality risk showed fluctuations.ConclusionThe trends of MM disease burden in China continued to increase from 1990 to 2021. MM will be a major challenge for the future healthcare sector in China, where the population base is large and gradually aging.
MUC5B modulation of early oral biofilm glucose metabolism
Authors: Robertsson Carolina , Davies Julia , Svensäter Gunnel , Nord Anders Bay , Norrström Niclas , Wickström Claes 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionSalivary mucin MUC5B has been suggested to support eubiosis in early oral biofilms by regulating the attachment of commensals, while downregulating dysbiotic activities related to dental caries development, such as microbial carbohydrate transport and metabolism.MethodsTo investigate how the metabolism of glucose, a potential driver for dental caries, in early mono- and dual-species biofilms of oral Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus gordonii clinical isolates was affected by the presence of the complex salivary mucin MUC5B, this study employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics with the interpretation of network integration.Results and discussionMUC5B reduced early attachment in the presence of glucose compared with uncoated surfaces but maintained even species distribution. This suggests that MUC5B may represent an innate mechanism to regulate biofilm eubiosis by supporting early coadhesion while regulating total biomass. All annotated metabolites were intermediates in either carbohydrate metabolism, pyruvate conversion, or amino acid metabolism, which was not unexpected in biofilm glucose metabolomes from two saccharolytic species since pyruvate conversion represents a junction point between glycolysis and amino acid metabolic chains. The 10 metabolites present in all early biofilms represent a core metabolome shared by A. naeslundii and S. gordonii. Such core metabolomes can be used to detect deviations in future studies. Significant differences in metabolite abundance elicited by the presence of MUC5B were also detected. In early biofilms where they were each present, pyruvate, ethanol, and metabolite 134 were present in significantly higher abundance in the presence of 25% MUC5B with 20 mM glucose (MUC5B + G) compared with a physiologic buffer with 20 mM glucose (PBS + G), while metabolites 84, 97, and sarcosine were present at significantly lower abundance. Metabolite 72 was unique to biofilms grown in MUC5B + G, and eight unannotated metabolites were unique to biofilms grown in PBS + G. A pathway enrichment analysis of the metabolites that were differently expressed in early A. naeslundii, S. gordonii, and dual-species biofilms grown with 20 mM glucose with or without MUC5B showed that pyruvate metabolism was significantly over-represented. Studying the metabolic interactions between commensal members of oral biofilms and modulatory effects of host factors such as glycoproteins in saliva during the metabolism of substrates that are potential drivers of dysbiosis, such as glucose, is essential to understand the roles of oral microbial ecosystems in oral health and disease.
Learning how to swim in 5- to 12-year-old children: a scoping review of evidence-based motor learning methods
Authors: Minkels Carola , van der Kamp John , de Vries Ralph , Beek Peter J. 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundSwimming is widely acknowledged for its safety and health benefits. Across the world children are receiving swimming lessons in which a variety of learning methods are employed. However, little is known about the effectiveness of those methods, and a comprehensive overview of pertinent research is lacking. Such an overview is needed for both researchers and instructors seeking to improve swimming skill acquisition in children.ObjectiveThis scoping review aims to provide an overview of studies examining the effectiveness of motor learning methods for the acquisition of swimming skills by 5- to 12-year-old children, including an evaluation of their theoretical underpinnings, methodological quality, and core findings.MethodsThis scoping review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and followed Tricco et al.'s framework for conducting and reporting scoping reviews. Five bibliographic databases were systematically searched. Peer-reviewed studies in all languages published before 2025 were considered. Studies focusing on children with water-related fear were included. Gray literature, non-peer-reviewed studies and studies on specific groups (e.g., young, competitive swimmers or children with disabilities), or cognitive/motivational outcomes were excluded. Review selection and characterization were performed by three independent reviewers using pretested forms.ResultsA total of 23 studies were included, which were classified into three main categories: traditional motor learning methods (n = 4), contemporary methods (n = 1), and atheoretical methods (n = 18). Traditional methods focused on video-based instruction and feedback (n = 4). Contemporary methods involved a single study on a non-linear swimming program (n = 1). Atheoretical methods were further classified into learn-to-swim programs (n = 12), learning environments (n = 3), and assistive devices (n = 3). Most studies (87%) reported a positive effect of the motor learning method under investigation during practice. However, significant methodological limitations were identified. Specifically, 87% of studies did not incorporate retention or transfer tests, 35% lacked control or comparison groups, and 48% did not provide detailed descriptions of the investigated intervention(s). Additionally, 83% of studies were not explicitly grounded in theoretical frameworks, except for the video-based studies and the study on a non-linear swimming program.ConclusionThe literature on this topic is scarce, generally atheoretical and of questionable methodological quality. Addressing these shortcomings in future research will improve the evidence-base for the effectiveness of theoretically inspired learning methods for the acquisition of swimming skills in children, and their long-term retention and transfer, which in turn might result in evidence-based innovations in swimming lessons.Systematic Review RegistrationPRISMA (RRID:SCR_018721).
Analysis of convergence trends and driving factors of environmental efficiency of pig farming in China
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Zhao Chang'e , Chen Silin 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThis study aims to clarify the development characteristics, differences, and convergence trends of environmental efficiency in China’s pig industry, which helps promote the sustainable development of the pig industry.MethodsBased on the data of 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China from 2008 to 2020, this article used the super-SBM model, log (t) test, and ordered probit model to estimate the environmental efficiency and convergence trend of pig farming in China and analyzed the driving factors affecting the convergence trend.ResultsThe results showed that: (1) In recent years, the environmental efficiency of pig farming in China did not reach the optimal state, and the environmental efficiency of the potential growth region was the highest, reaching 71.6%. Scale efficiency is still the key to improving the environmental efficiency of pig farming, and in the future, it is necessary to focus on improving pure technical efficiency. (2) The environmental efficiency of pig farming across China’s 30 provinces (including municipalities and autonomous regions) converges to four clubs. Most provinces within constrained development regions and potential growth regions converge to the high-level club, while the disparities in environmental efficiency of pig farming are most pronounced in key development regions. (3) The research results of driving factors show that scale level exhibits a “U-shaped” effect on the convergence of environmental efficiency in pig farming toward high-level clubs in China, and most provinces have surpassed the inflection point. The scale level of pig farming should be appropriately improved. In addition, improving the quality of the labor force can help the environmental efficiency of pig farming converge to a high-level club.DiscussionWe propose suggestions aimed at enhancing the efficiency of pig farming, promoting the scale processes of pig farming, and strengthening regional cooperation.
Septoplasty: defining a desirable clinical outcome according to baseline symptom scores
Authors: Haye Rolf , Døsen Liv Kari , TarAngen Magnus , Gay Caryl , Pripp Are Hugo , Shiryaeva Olga 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThe results of septoplasty are usually reported as statistically significant improvements in baseline scores, but these may be difficult to interpret clinically. A measure called the desirable clinically important difference (DCID) has been developed to serve as a guideline to assist in clinically interpreting improvement in scores. So far, DCID has only been calculated for whole cohorts. As individual patients have different baseline and improvement scores, such measures are not helpful to individuals. Our aim was to establish a DCID according to baseline scores, which should help assess individual results.MethodsPatients (n = 934) rated their nasal obstruction using a visual analog scale (VAS) preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. A global rating of outcome (categorized as completely, much, or somewhat improved, unchanged, or worse) served as the anchor for postoperative evaluation. The improvement in VAS score corresponding to the “much improved” rating was defined as the borderline value between “much” and “somewhat improved.” Receiver operating characteristics were used to establish this borderline value. The DCID is the difference between the borderline and baseline VAS scores. The relative DCID is calculated by dividing the numeric DCID by the baseline VAS score. The cohort was divided into three subgroups (moderate, severe, very severe) according to preoperative severity of nasal obstruction (VAS score) for assessing the relation between DCID and baseline obstruction severity.ResultsThe DCID increased with increasing severity of baseline nasal obstruction: 27.5 (moderate), 44.5 (severe), and 56.0 (very severe), as did the relative DCID: 49.6% (moderate), 56.8% (severe), and 61.3% (very severe).ConclusionThe relative DCID can be a guide for assessing improvement following septoplasty according to baseline scores of nasal obstruction and for planning surgery. A 49% improvement from baseline is indicative of clinical success for a patient with moderately obstructed nasal breathing, whereas patients with very severe obstruction require a 61% improvement.
Discussions about physical activity in general practice: analysis of video-recorded consultations
Authors: Grice Adam , Izon Amy S , Khan Nada F , Foy Robbie , Beeken Rebecca J , Richards Suzanne H 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundClinical guidance recommends promoting physical activity during general practice consultations. The frequency and content of physical activity discussions in UK general practice are poorly understood.AimTo explore the content of physical activity discussions during routine consultations between patients and GPs.Design and settingSecondary analysis was undertaken of video-recorded UK general practice consultations from the One in a Million study, which was conducted in the West of England.MethodIn total, 294 consultation transcripts were available; these were screened to identify consultations that included or omitted physical activity advice when recommended by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance. The content, quality, and depth of advice provided by GPs were scored to ascertain how meaningful the advice was.ResultsPhysical activity was relevant to management according to clinical guidance in 175/294 (59.5%) consultations. In 64 (36.6%) of these consultations, physical activity was discussed as part of clinical management; the depth of discussion was judged as ‘meaningful’ in 22 (12.6%) consultations. Although physical activity advice tended to be given most often for musculoskeletal problems, depth of advice did not appear to be related to the presenting problem. When physical activity advice was relevant and omitted, consultations prioritised another overriding presenting problem, or clinical management focused on another intervention.ConclusionPhysical activity advice, following national guidance, was potentially relevant to more than half of GP consultations; GPs delivered advice of varying depth in a third of these consultations. Future work should explore ways of delivering physical activity advice effectively, efficiently, and equitably within the constraints of general practice.
Диагностические сети для обеспечения информационной безопасности телекоммуникационного оборудования
Authors: Саенко И.Б. , Васин А.В. , Марлей В.Е. , Крамской Н.Н. , Ермаков А.В. 
Published: February 2025

Рассматриваются предложения по построению диагностических сетей для обеспечения информационной безопасности телекоммуникационного оборудования. Диагностические сети предложенной архитектуры позволяют контролировать разнородное телекоммуникационное оборудование разных моделей и производителей и его характеристики в реальном времени, а также быстро реагировать на любые изменения состояния информационной безопасности.
The article considers proposals for designing diagnostic networks to ensure the information security of telecommunication equipment. Diagnostic networks of the proposed architecture allow monitoring heterogeneous telecommunications equipment of different models and manufacturers, its characteristics in real time, and also quickly respond to any changes in the state of information security.
PERAN PEMERINTAH DESA DALAM MENDORONG PARTISIPASI POLITIK MASYARAKAT PADA PEMILU DI DESA KETAPANG KECAMATAN TANGGULANGIN
Authors: Muhammad Prayoga Arianto  , Lailul Mursyidah  
Published: February 2025

Ketapang Village was a village that was hit by the Lapindo hot mud disaster and most of the village residents moved. This has resulted in a decline in the level of community political participation, especially in elections. This research aims to encourage the role of village government in encouraging community political participation in elections in Ketapang Village. This research applies a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection methods include observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research results show that the role of the Ketapang Village Government in increasing community political participation in elections in Ketapang Village, Tanggulangin District, is still not optimal. This is evidenced by the low level of community political participation in the elections in Ketapang Village which is caused by the large number of absentee Permanent Voter Lists dominated by residents outside the village domicile.
Gate patterning by electron beam lithography using a tone reversal process (EB-R) highly compatible to self-aligned double patterning (SADP) process
Authors: Youn Sung-Won , Ueda Tetsuya , Shichiri Motoharu , Furukawa Junichi , Matsumaro Kazuyuki , Hiroshima Hiroshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
By electron beam lithography (EBL) process combined with self-aligned double patterning (SADP) process, SiN hard masks (HMs) were successfully fabricated on 300 mm wafer for the variety of gate lengths around 2x nm. The SiN is deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LP-CVD) in the fine trenches with the bottom width of 18 nm in tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) layer etched by the EB resist mask drawn. After the selective SiN CMP on TEOS followed by the selective TEOS etching, 25nm-wide and 57nm-high SiN HM was successfully fabricated on a Si wafer, which will be replaced by an amorphous Si film as for dummy gates. Consequently, we have confirmed that 18nm-wide and 71nm-high Si structure was fabricated by the subsequent etching using the SiN HM. The electron beam lithography using a tone reversal process (EB-R) is valid and useful especially for R&D stages of LSI devices due to the flexible pattern size design.