bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RESPONSE OF IPS GRANDICOLLIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) TO THE ATTRACTANT PRODUCED BY ATTACKING MALE BEETLES
Authors: Hertel G. D. , Hain F. P. , Anderson R. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe odor produced by male Ips grandicollis attacking caged loblolly pine bolts was not very effective in attracting marked beetles. Only 2.4% of the 9,417 beetles released around the attracting attacks were recaptured.Unscreened infested bolts lost their attractiveness to responding beetles when about 27 attacks per square foot of bark surface had been reached. More beetles attacked bolts placed outside of a beetle producing area than those within. The latter indicates that a dispersal flight may be needed before response takes place.
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF APHIDS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) FROM WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Robinson A. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour new species of aphids are described: alate and apterous viviparous females of Masonaphis patriciae new species from Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. in British Columbia; apterous viviparous females of Masonaphis menziesiae new species from Menziesia ferruginea Smith in Alberta; apterous viviparous females, oviparae, and males of Aphis rubiradicis new species from Rubus chamaemorus L. in Saskatchewan; and apterous viviparous females of Aulacorthum capilanoensis new species from Rubus spectabilis Pursh in British Columbia.
EFFECTS OF THREE HORMONAL MIMICS ON MORTALITY, METAMORPHOSIS, AND REPRODUCTION OF THE WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA CALIFORNICUM PLUVIALE
Authors: Wellington W. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe western tent caterpillar, Malacosoma californicum pluviale (Dyar) was treated externally with farnesyl methyl ether and the crude ether extracts of two forest trees, Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata) and Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Within 24 hr of the intervening molts, late fourth- and early fifth-instar larvae weighing 178 mg received 55 μg, and late fifth-instar larvae and new pupae weighing 450 mg received 140 μg in 0.6 μl of acetone. Controls received only acetone.Treated groups suffered increased mortality due to structural abnormalities, molting difficulties, and increased infection with polyhedral virus and microsporidia. Many surviving adults also were structurally abnormal, and the proportion of females depositing normal egg masses was reduced. The progeny were less viable than those of the controls. Reductions in the viability of progeny were only slightly affected by time of treatment, but egg-laying behavior was more affected by later than by earlier treatments.All materials produced examples of juvenility, but many of the abnormal individuals produced by cedar treatment died early in the pupal stage, whereas those induced by the other treatments lived longer. In most instances, samples were too small to indicate statistical superiority of any one material but, as received, the cedar extract seemed more potent than the fir. Farnesyl methyl ether had the greatest influence on reproductive capacity.
THE SITE OF PHEROMONE PRODUCTION IN TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): BIO-ASSAY AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE HINDGUT
Authors: Schneider I. , Rudinsky J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBio-assay showed that the pheromone of attractive female Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.) must be produced in the posterior part of the ileum. Histological studies revealed a layer of secretory cells in the rear part of the ileum and the rectal valve which occur only in feeding adults. The attractive material is produced only when bark and wood particles are present at the site of pheromone production, and the actual production is initiated probably by activity of a female hormone or enzyme.
LARVAL HEAD CAPSULE CHARACTERS FOR SPECIFIC IDENTIFICATION IN DEILINIA AND DREPANULATRIX (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: McGuffin W. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA study of the cast-off head capsules of fourth-instar larvae of Deilinia variolaria (Guenée), D. borealis Hulst, D. exanthemata bryantaria Taylor, D. erythemaria (Guenée), Drepanulatrix unicalcararia (Guenée), D. foeminaria (Guenée), and D. falcataria (Packard) shows considerable variation in colour pattern. The colour pattern varies sufficiently between species and yet is constant enough within species to enable one to construct a key to their identity. This key is very useful in identification where the larva has been parasitized.
INFECTION AND MORTALITY OF SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA, AND FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA, CAUSED BY NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSES
Authors: Bird F. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses are, in general, more infectious to spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), and forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hübner), than the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses which affect these insects. The cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses interfere with and retard development of the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses.Larvae of both insects, as they grow older, develop resistance to both viruses. Resistance develops more rapidly and to a greater degree against the nuclear polyhedrosis than against the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses.The nuclear polyhedrosis viruses are more lethal than the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, and all larvae infected with the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses die except those infected so late in larval development that they are able to pupate. Most young larvae infected with the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus die or are seriously affected, but infection has progressively less effect as the larvae mature.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON PRE-ADULT DEVELOPMENT OFAEDES FLAVESCENS(DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Trpiš Milan , Shemanchuk J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe most suitable temperature for larval development ofAedes flavescenswas found to be 20 °C. At this temperature 74% of the larvae pupated in 20 days. At 15 °C the developmental period was 42 days with a survival rate of 54%. At 25 °C the developmental period was 22 days but the survival rate dropped to 7%. At 10 °C the developmental period was 80 days with a survival rate of 6%. At 5 °C and 30 °C mortality was 100% in the first instar stage. Adult males emerged from the pupae in three days at 25 °C, two days earlier than the females.
THE EFFECTS OF SUMITHION AND PHOSPHAMIDON ON POPULATIONS OF FIVE CARABID BEETLES AND THE SPIDERTROCHOSA TERRICOLAIN NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO AND INCLUDING A LIST OF COLLECTED SPECIES OF CARABID BEETLES AND SPIDERS
Authors: Freitag R. , Ozburn G. W. , Leech R. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn an attempt to control the spruce budworm in northwestern Ontario, Sumithion and Phosphamidon were sprayed from the air in June 1968. Some carabid beetles and one spider were studied to assess the effect the insecticides had on forest floor arthropods in mixed boreal forest. A sudden decrease in collected specimens both in and out of the spray area 1 week prior to spraying was probably due to reduced activity caused by heavy rainfall, but during and following the spray period there were fewer specimens collected in the spray area than in the control area.
OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE AND SURVIVAL OF HYLEMYA BRASSICAE ON SOME CRUCIFEROUS CROPS
Authors: Mukerji M. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA field investigation was carried out in Chatham, Ont., to evaluate the oviposition preference and survival of Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) on six early cruciferous crops, namely, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, and kohlrabi. A significantly greater number of eggs was laid on Chinese cabbage than on any other host. In the first generation, the percentage mortality for each of the life history stages differed significantly on the various crucifers but the total generation mortality did not.
GRASSHOPPER CONTROL: LABORATORY TESTING AS A MEANS OF EVALUATING FIELD PERFORMANCE
Authors: McKinlay K. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFourteen insecticides were tested by direct contact against second-instar nymphs of a grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes F. Of these, seven were judged to be sufficiently promising to be compared for toxicity and persistence as deposits on wheat seedlings. Comparison with a dieldrin standard showed that Dursban, Dibrom, and malathion were extremely effective by contact but had little persistence on growing wheat. Baygon was extremely effective by contact and showed some persistence. CIBA 9643 and dimethoate were the only two compounds to show persistent effects almost equivalent to dieldrin, and CIBA 9643 was more toxic than dieldrin by direct contact.It was concluded that CIBA 9643 was the only compound, of those tested, which might give grasshopper control equivalent to, or better than, dieldrin or the currently recommended dimethoate.
ON THE HABITS OF A JACK PINE NEEDLE-MINER, EUCORDYLEA CANUSELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE), WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS ASSOCIATION WITH A FUNGUS, AUREOBASIDIUM PULLULANS (MANILIALES (DEUTEROMYCETES) DEMATIACEAE)
Authors: McLeod J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe unique habits of a jack pine needle-miner, Eucordylea canusella (Free.), are described. It feeds for the greater part of its life on dead or dying needle tissue and on the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans de Bary (Arnaud), which grows within the needle-pair following construction of a mine by the first-instar larva. On reaching maturity, the larvae revert to a more conventional needle-mining behaviour. This habit is unusual in defoliating Lepidoptera although other species in the same, or closely related genera, are also thought to feed upon fungi. The impact of these findings on the taxonomy of Eucordylea spp. is discussed.
STUDIES OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ARTHROPOD SECRETIONS: II. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE SCENT PENCILS OF MALE VITULA EDMANDSAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PHYCITIDAE)
Authors: Weatherston J. , Percy J. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMorphological and histological details of the sex pheromone glands of male Vitula edmandsae (Packard) are reported. Several hypotheses concerning the functions of these glands are discussed.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO A STUDY OF THE PYRAUSTINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) OF TEMPERATE EAST ASIA. V
Authors: Munroe Eugene , Mutuura Akira 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new pyraustine taxa are described: Callibotys n. gen., type-species Rhectothyris hyalodiscalis Warren, from Assam and Burma, including also Crocidophora carapina Strand, from Taiwan, considered a distinct species from Callibotys hyalodiscalis, and Callibotys wilemani n. sp., from Honshu, Japan; Eumorphobotys n. gen., type-species Calamochrous eumorphalis Caradja, from China, and also including Calamochrous obscuralis Caradja, from China; Sinibotys n. gen., type-species Crocidophora hoenei Caradja, from China.
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT AND HABITS OF PSEUDOPITYOPHTHORUS SPP. (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN SOUTHERN OHIO
Authors: Rexrode Charles O. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDuring 1965–67, the seasonal history and habits of two oak bark beetles, Pseudopityophthorus minutissimus (Zimm.) and P. pruinosus (Eichhoff), were studied in 47 oaks, Quercus spp., in southern Ohio.All study trees were attacked and the male beetles made initial entry into the trees. The attack period per tree was usually 1–3 days, and the density of attack varied from 5 to 120 galleries 1 ft2 of surface area. Oviposition began as soon as egg gallery construction began, and the incubation period was about 5 days in the summer. The rate of egg gallery construction was about 0.2 in./day in mid-summer. The average length of the egg galleries was 1.9 cm and the average number of eggs per gallery was 41.5. Over 50% of the parent adults of both species re-emerged after egg gallery construction and oviposition. The re-emerging parent adults can attack, lay eggs, and re-emerge three times. The larval stage can last 25–247 days, the pupal stage 15–139 days, and the adult stage 7–198 days. The beetles can overwinter in every stage but the pupal stage. Spring emergence occurred 29 April in 1966 and 14 April in 1967, and in southern Ohio, two generations and a partial one occur each year.Trap trees were attacked 7–205 days and brood emergence lasted 58–329 days. The beetles can attack one tree three times.
REASSIGNMENT OF THE AMBIGUA GROUP OF PRISTIPHORA TO A NEW GENUS, SHARLIPHORA (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Wong Horne R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new genus, Sharliphora, with type-species Tenthredo ambiguus Fallén is described. Key to genera of Nematini related to Sharliphora is presented.
OPISTHOSOMAL MUSCULATURE OF FEMALE ARANEUS DIADEMATUS (ARANEAE: ARGIOPIDAE)
Authors: Robinson G. L. , Paim U. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe opisthosomal musculature of adult female Araneus diadematus Clerck was investigated by means of dissections. Forty-nine different muscles, each paired, were found in the opisthosoma proper. Of these muscles, 7 pairs move the opisthosoma about the pedicel, 13 pairs compress the opisthosoma, 19 pairs move the spinnerets and colulus with respect to the opisthosoma, 4 pairs dilate the anus, 3 pairs dilate the genital aperture, and 3 pairs open the book-lung spiracles.
THE APPRAISAL OF DELAYED AND DIRECT DENSITY-DEPENDENCE
Authors: Hassell M. P. , Huffaker C. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOf the methods designed to detect and measure the intensity of direct and delayed density-dependent types of mortality acting on populations, that of Morris has gained considerable acceptance. While this method of analysis has predictive value and provides a means of estimating direct density-dependence, it seems inappropriate to the detection and measurement of a delayed density-dependent mortality such as that normally associated with entomophagous parasites. The biological significance of the slopes of the linear regressions calculated in the Morris method is discussed, and population models based on the theory of Nicholson and Bailey are presented in support of the argument.
LOGARITHMIC REGRESSION AS AN INDEX OF RESPONSES TO POPULATION DENSITY: COMMENT ON A PAPER BY M. P. HASSELL AND C. B. HUFFAKER
Authors: Morris R. F. , Royama T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRegression coefficients derived from the Nicholson–Bailey parasite mode) by Hassell and Huffaker (1969) are interpreted, and their conclusions about the biological significance of changes in slope are shown to be invalid. It is demonstrated that the term "delayed density-dependence" has no functional significance because it includes density responses that range from inverse to direct, depending upon the particular theoretical model that is selected for simulation exercises. In natural populations of a number of forest insects, the net response of parasitism to host density is direct, not inverse.
EFFICACY OF DISULFOTON FOR CONTROL OF THE GREEN PEACH APHID, MYZUS PERSICAE, ON PEPPERS
Authors: Foott W. H. , Stryk F. G. Von , Timmins P. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn a 3-year study, one annual application of a 10% granular formulation of disulfoton in the soil at a rate of 2 lb actual toxicant per acre controlled M. persicae throughout the entire period that aphids were most prevalent in pepper fields. Some control was observed within a few days of treatment, but effective control did not occur until 2 to 3 weeks after placement of the insecticide. Irrigation increased the initial uptake of disulfoton, but after 2 weeks the degree of control was essentially the same in irrigated and nonirrigated plots.Analyses of fruit samples from treated plots showed that there were no detectable amounts of disulfoton or its oxidation products 42, 50, and 60 days after treatment. These observations suggest that the required interval of 90 days between treatment and harvest could be reduced. Appreciable amounts of the insecticide or its oxidation products were present in the leaves on all sampling dates.
THE DIEL PATTERN OF FEEDING ACTIVITY OF LARVAL PSEUDOSARCOPHAGA AFFINIS (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE)
Authors: House H. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFeeding activity is a crucial measure used in experiments with larvae of Pseudosarcophaga affinis auct. nec Fallén on chemically defined diets to determine whether food selection and preference occurs because of nutritional factors. To avoid temporal bias in recording it was necessary to know: (1) when during larval development feeding activity is greatest; and (2) whether a diel periodicity of feeding activity demands that observations be standardized according to time of day. Experiments done at 23 °C and 16-hour photoperiod with new-born larvae showed that: (1) during larval life feeding activity increases rapidly up to 96 hours of age and thereafter slowly decreases; and (2) on the two diets tested more feeding occurred during darkness but only on one diet was the difference (about 7.3%) statistically significant. Thus in P. affinis it is seldom necessary to control for time of day in experiments of the kind used in the work on food selection and preference.
NEW HOSTS, DISTRIBUTION, AND BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON AN IMPORTED AMBROSIA BEETLE, XYLOSANDRUS GERMANUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Schneider Isolde , Farrier Maurice H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNew hosts of an introduced Oriental ambrosia beetle were tupelo (Nyssa aquatica), swamp cypress (Taxodium distichum), and black cherry (Prunus serotina). Known distribution was extended southward into North Carolina. A partial seasonal development with simple through complex gallery systems was observed.
SOME ASPECTS OF ASSESSING EFFICIENCY OF NATURAL ENEMIES
Authors: Huffaker C. B. , Kennett C. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDrawing retrospectively and collectively on results of a single individual and his associates covering some 22 years of field and laboratory studies, the authors present three documented case histories of technically complete biological control. They use these examples to illustrate the potential for greater use of this method of pest control, and they discuss the theory of biological control as related to whether or not introductions of a complex of enemy species will inherently lead to competitive interference and a lesser degree of control than if only the "best" species were introduced. They conclude that the three case histories are a refutation of this thesis, as are certain theoretical considerations, and the net results from all biological control programs on a worldwide basis.The authors also point to weaknesses in the use of currently available methods for quantitatively rating or appraising the control and regulating power of density-dependent factors that act with a lag (entomophagous parasites and predators), and emphasize chat regression and modelling methods should be used in conjunction with "check-methods" or other experimental means.
EFFECTS OF SILICA ON THE SURVIVAL OF COLEOMEGILLA MACULATA LENGI (COLEOPTERA: COCCENELLIDAE) AND LEPTMOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Smith B. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake and Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) were unable to moult and died after ingesting colloidal silica with their food. Field trials showed that dry silica can be used to reduce populations of L. decemlineata on potato.
INHIBITION OF CHOLINESTERASE IN THE CATTLE GRUB HYPODERMA BOVIS (DIPTERA: OESTRIDAE) AFTER TREATMENT OF THE HOST CATTLE WITH SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES
Authors: Steward C. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCattle grubs, first-instar larvae of Hypoderma bovis (L.), were removed from nine slaughtered heifers. Two of these heifers had previously been treated with coumaphos, three with Ruelene, and two with trichlorfon. The remaining two heifers were not treated with insecticides and served as sources of control grubs. The grubs, after removal from the hosts and fixation in formalin, were incubated with one of the two cholinesterase substrates, acetylthiocholine iodide or 5-bromoindoxyl acetate. Cholinesterase was completely inhibited in the central nervous systems of the grubs whose hosts were treated with Ruelene. This inhibition was also virtually complete in grubs from heifers treated with trichlorfon and was usually complete in those from the heifers treated with coumaphos. This is presented as histochemical evidence that the three systemic insecticides inhibit the cholinergic enzymes in the grubs, thus causing them to die while still in the body of the host.
EFFECT OF LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE ON THE ACTIVITY OF BALSAM WOOLLY APHID CRAWLERS
Authors: Atkins M. D. , Hall A. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe behavior of the balsam woolly aphid in relation to its dispersal and establishment is reported. Light orientation trials provided no evidence that crawlers move over their host in a distinct manner. But the number of crawlers that drop from their host increases with light intensity and temperature. Crawler activity may also influence dropping, but activity declines rapidly with increasing age particularly at higher temperatures. Populations along stand edges are probably more subject to long range dispersal.
A NEW SPECIES OF TUBERCULATUS FROM TURKEY, WITH REVISIONARY, DESCRIPTIVE NOTES ON TUBERCULOIDES (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTuberculatus cornutus is described from Turkey, its affinities noted, and a combined key to the world species of Tuberculatus Mordwilko and Tuberculoides v. d. Goot is given. Revisionary notes on Tuberculoides are offered and Tuberculoides eggleri (Börner) is transferred to Tuberculatus.
SPECIES OFAPHIS(HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ONCORNUSSPECIES IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Robinson A. G. , Chen Ya-Hwai 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA key is given for seven species ofAphisL. that occur onCornusspecies in North America:caliginosaHottes and Frison,corniella(Hille Ris Lambers),cornifoliaeFitch,helianthiMonell,maculataeOestlund,neogilletteiPalmer, and a new species that is described,nigratibialisRobinson. Host transfer attempts withhelianthiandcorniellaare discussed.
CULICOIDES (SELFIA) DENNINGI, A UNIQUE RIVER-BREEDING SPECIES
Authors: Fredeen F. J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe larvae of Culicoides denningi F. & P. may be unique among Ceratopogonidae in that they appear to be restricted to rivers. In the South Saskatchewan River the larvae overwinter in the sand across the entire river bed. Several weeks after the ice breaks up in the spring the larvae swim to shore to pupate. Man and livestock near the river are sometimes severely attacked.