bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Ethylene Production through Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane Membrane Reactors Based on Fast Oxygen‐Ion Conductors
Authors: Lobera M. Pilar , Escolástico Sonia , Serra José M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHigh ethylene productivity through the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane has been achieved in a catalytic membrane reactor based on a highly solid‐state oxygen permeable material (Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ). Ethylene is selectively produced by avoiding the direct contact of molecular oxygen and hydrocarbons, thereby minimizing the oxygen concentration in the reaction side. Another key aspect in the process is the dilution of ethane in the feed to achieve high ethylene yields. There exists a specific combination of the ethane concentration and feed flow that maximizes ethylene productivity, whereas the diluting gas nature has a direct impact on the formation of higher olefins and coking issues. Indeed, the use of methane as an almost‐inert dilutant allows the reduction of oligomerization and aromatization of the formed ethylene and therefore improves the reactor stability even at operating temperatures from 800 to 900 °C. This behavior is attributed to the competitive adsorption of methane and ethane/ethylene, the modification of the radical‐driven homogeneous reaction, and the change of partially reducible membrane surface. The productivity values achieved at 850 °C were 383 mL min−1 cm−2 for Ar and 353 mL min−1 cm−2 for CH4, with a selectivity of 80 and 90 %, respectively.
Regioselective Synthesis of β‐Aryl‐ and β‐Amino‐Substituted Aliphatic Esters by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Tandem Double‐Bond Migration/Conjugate Addition
Authors: Ohlmann Dominik M. , Gooßen Lukas J. , Dierker Markus 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRhodium–phosphite catalysts were found to effectively mediate double‐bond migrations within unsaturated esters. Once the double‐bond is in conjugation with the carboxylate group, they also catalyze the Michael addition of carbon and nitrogen nucleophiles. In the presence of these catalysts, unsaturated carboxylates enter a dynamic equilibrium of positional and geometrical double‐bond isomers. The conjugated species are continuously removed through 1,4‐additions with formation of β‐amino esters or β‐arylated products, depending on the nucleophile employed. The applicability of both protocols to a range of substrates, such as fatty esters of different chain lengths and double‐bond positions, and several nucleophiles including arylborates and primary and secondary amines, is demonstrated.
Influence of the Preparation Procedure on the Catalytic Activity of Gold Supported on Diamond Nanoparticles for Phenol Peroxidation
Authors: Martin Roberto , Navalon Sergio , Delgado Juan Jose , Calvino Jose J. , Alvaro Mercedes , Garcia Hermenegildo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe catalytic activity of diamond‐supported gold nanoparticle (Au/D) samples prepared by the deposition/precipitation method have been correlated as a function of the pH and the reduction treatment. It was found that the most active material is the one prepared at pH 5 followed by subsequent thermal treatment at 300 °C under hydrogen. TEM images show that Au/D prepared under optimal conditions contain very small gold nanoparticles with sizes below 2 nm that are proposed to be responsible for the catalytic activity. Tests of productivity using large phenol (50 g L−1) and H2O2 excesses (100 g L−1) and reuse gives a minimum TON of 458,759 moles of phenol degraded per gold atom. Analysis of the organic compounds extracted from the deactivated solid catalyst indicates that the poisons are mostly hydroxylated dicarboxylic acids arising from the degradative oxidation of the phenyl ring. By determining the efficiency for phenol degradation and the amount of O2 evolved two different reactions of H2O2 decomposition (the Fenton reaction at acidic pH values and spurious O2 evolution at basic pH values) are proposed for Au/D catalysis. The activation energy of the two processes is very similar (ranging between 30 and 35 kJ mol−1). By using dimethylsulfoxide as a radical scavenger and N‐tert‐butyl‐α‐phenylnitrone as a spin trap under aerated conditions, the EPR spectrum of the expected PBNOCH3 adduct was detected, supporting the generation of HO., characteristic of Fenton chemistry in the process. Phenol degradation, on the other hand, exhibits the same activation energy as H2O2 decomposition at pH 4 (due to the barrierless attack of HO. to phenol), but increases the activation energy gradually up to about 90 kJ mol−1 at pH 7 and then undergoes a subsequent reduction as the pH increases reaching another minimum at pH 8.5 (49 kJ mol−1).
PtII Coordination to N1 of 9‐Methylguanine: Why it Facilitates Binding of Additional Metal Ions to the Purine Ring
Authors: Müller Barbara , Shen Wei‐Zheng , Sanz Miguel Pablo J. , Albertí Francisca M. , van der Wijst Tushar , Noguera Marc , Rodríguez‐Santiago Luis , Sodupe Mariona , Lippert Bernhard 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe preparation and X‐ray crystal structure analysis of {trans‐[Pt(MeNH2)2(9‐MeG‐N1)2]}⋅{3 K2[Pt(CN)4]}⋅6 H2O (3 a) (with 9‐MeG being the anion of 9‐methylguanine, 9‐MeGH) are reported. The title compound was obtained by treating [Pt(dien)(9‐MeGH‐N7)]2+ (1; dien=diethylenetriamine) with trans‐[Pt(MeNH2)2(H2O)2]2+ at pH 9.6, 60 °C, and subsequent removal of the [(dien)PtII] entities by treatment with an excess amount of KCN, which converts the latter to [Pt(CN)4]2−. Cocrystallization of K2[Pt(CN)4] with trans‐[Pt(MeNH2)2(9‐MeG‐N1)2] is a consequence of the increase in basicity of the guanine ligand following its deprotonation and Pt coordination at N1. This increase in basicity is reflected in the pKa values of trans‐[Pt(MeNH2)2(9‐MeGH‐N1)2]2+ (4.4±0.1 and 3.3±0.4). The crystal structure of 3 a reveals rare (N7,O6 chelate) and unconventional (N2,C2,N3) binding patterns of K+ to the guaninato ligands. DFT calculations confirm that K+ binding to the sugar edge of guanine for a N1‐platinated guanine anion is a realistic option, thus ruling against a simple packing effect in the solid‐state structure of 3 a. The linkage isomer of 3 a, trans‐[Pt(MeNH2)2(9‐MeG‐N7)2] (6 a) has likewise been isolated, and its acid–base properties determined. Compound 6 a is more basic than 3 a by more than 4 log units. Binding of metal entities to the N7 positions of 9‐MeG in 3 a has been studied in detail for [(NH3)3PtII], trans‐[(NH3)2PtII], and [(en)PdII] (en=ethylenediamine) by using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Without exception, binding of the second metal takes place at N7, but formation of a molecular guanine square with trans‐[(Me2NH2)PtII] cross‐linking N1 positions and trans‐[(NH3)2PtII] cross‐linking N7 positions could not be confirmed unambiguously, despite the fact that calculations are fully consistent with its existence.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of (Poly)phosphorylated Nucleosides and Conjugates
Authors: Tonn Viktoria Caroline , Meier Chris 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSuccinyl‐cycloSal‐phosphate triesters of ribo‐ and 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides were attached to aminomethyl polystyrene as an insoluble solid support and reacted with phosphate‐containing nucleophiles yielding nucleoside di‐ and triphosphates, nucleoside diphosphate sugars, and dinucleoside polyphosphates in high purity after cleavage from the solid support. Here, reactive cycloSal‐phosphate triesters were used as immobilized reagents that led to a generally applicable method for the efficient synthesis of phosphorylated biomolecules and phosphate‐bridged bioconjugates.
The daughter four‐membered microtubule rootlet determines anterior–posterior positioning of the eyespot in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Boyd Joseph S. , Gray Miranda M. , Thompson Mark D. , Horst Cynthia J. , Dieckmann Carol L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe characteristic geometry of the unicellular chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has contributed to its adoption as a model system for cellular asymmetry and organelle positioning. The eyespot, a photosensitive organelle, is localized asymmetrically in the cell at a precisely defined position relative to the flagella and cytoskeletal microtubule rootlets. We have isolated a mutant, named pey1 for posterior eyespot, with variable microtubule rootlet lengths. The length of the acetylated daughter four‐membered (D4) microtubule rootlet correlates with the position of the eyespot, which appears in a posterior position in the majority of cells. The correlation of rootlet length with eyespot positioning was also observed in the cmu1 mutant, which has longer acetylated microtubules, and the mlt1 mutant, in which the rootlet microtubules are shorter. Observation of eyespot positioning after depolymerization of rootlet microtubules indicated that eyespot position is fixed early in eyespot development and becomes independent of the rootlet. Our data demonstrate that the length of the D4 rootlet is the major determinant of eyespot positioning on the anterior–posterior axis and are suggestive that the gene product of the PEY1 locus is a novel regulator of acetylated microtubule length. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AAML03P1, a pilot study of the safety of gemtuzumab ozogamicin in combination with chemotherapy for newly diagnosed childhood acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cooper Todd M. , Franklin Janet , Gerbing Robert B. , Alonzo Todd A. , Hurwitz Craig , Raimondi Susana C. , Hirsch Betsy , Smith Franklin O. , Mathew Prasad , Arceci Robert J. , Feusner James , Iannone Robert , Lavey Robert S. , Meshinchi Soheil , Gamis Alan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The development of antigen‐targeted therapies may provide additional options to improve outcomes in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The Children's Oncology Group AAML03P1 trial sought to determine the safety of adding 2 doses of gemtuzumab ozogamicin, a humanized anti‐CD33 antibody‐targeted agent, to intensive chemotherapy during remission induction and postremission intensification for children with de novo AML.METHODS:AAML03P1 enrolled 350 children with previously untreated AML. Patients with a matched family donor received 3 courses of chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; those without a matched family donor received 5 courses of chemotherapy. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin 3 mg/m2/dose was administered on Day 6 of Course 1 and Day 7 of Course 4.RESULTS:Toxicities observed in all courses of therapy were typical of AML chemotherapy regimens, with infection being most common. Patients achieved a complete remission rate of 83% after 1 course and 87% after 2 courses. The mortality rate was 1.5% after the first gemtuzumab ozogamicin‐containing induction course and 2.6% after 2 induction courses. The 3‐year event‐free survival and overall survival rates were 53 ± 6% and 66 ± 5%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:This trial determined that it is safe and feasible to include gemtuzumab ozogamicin in combination with intensive chemotherapy. The survival rates compare favorably with the recently published results of clinical trials worldwide. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Azacitidine for the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Maurillo Luca , Venditti Adriano , Spagnoli Alessandra , Gaidano Gianluca , Ferrero Dario , Oliva Esther , Lunghi Monia , D'Arco Alfonso M. , Levis Alessandro , Pastore Domenico , Di Renzo Nicola , Santagostino Alberto , Pavone Vincenzo , Buccisano Francesco , Musto Pellegrino 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The efficacy of azacitidine for the treatment of high‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes has prompted the issue of its potential role even in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).METHODS:The authors analyzed 82 patients with AML who were diagnosed according to World Health Organization criteria. The median patient age was 72 years (range, 29‐87 years), and 27 patients (33%) had secondary AML. Of 62 patients with evaluable cytogenetics, 18 patients (29%) had a poor‐risk karyotype, and 44 patients (71%) had an intermediate karyotype. Thirty‐five patients (43%) received azacitidine as front‐line treatment, and 47 patients (57%) had previously received 1 or more line of chemotherapy.RESULTS:The overall response rate was 32% (26 of 82 patients) and included 12 (15%) complete remissions (CRs), 4 (5%) CRs with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi), and 10 (12%) partial responses (PRs). Responses were observed more frequently among untreated patients compared with pretreated patients; in fact, 17 of 35 untreated patients (48%) responded, including 11 responses (31%) classified as CR/CRi. Conversely, only 9 of 47 pretreated patients (19%) responded, including 5 responses (11%) that were classified as CR/Cri. The response rate was significantly higher for untreated patients (P = .006) and those who had white blood cell counts <10 × 109/L (P = .006). For untreated patients who achieved a response, the median overall response duration was 13 months, and the 1‐year and 2‐years overall survival rates were 58% and 24%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that azacitidine promises to be an effective therapy for elderly patients with untreated AML and with white blood cell counts <10 × 109/L. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Small renal masses progressing to metastases under active surveillance
Authors: Smaldone Marc C. , Kutikov Alexander , Egleston Brian L. , Canter Daniel J. , Viterbo Rosalia , Chen David Y. T. , Jewett Michael A. , Greenberg Richard E. , Uzzo Robert G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors systematically reviewed the literature and conducted a pooled analysis of studies on small renal masses who underwent active surveillance to identify the risk progression and the characteristics associated with metastases.METHODS:A search of the MEDLINE database was performed to identify all clinical series that reported the surveillance of localized renal masses. For studies that reported individual‐level data, clinical and radiographic characteristics of tumors without progression were compared with the characteristics of tumors that progressed to metastases.RESULTS:Eighteen series (880 patients, 936 masses) met screening criteria; and, among these, 18 patients were identified who had tumors that progressed to metastasis (mean, 40.2 months). Six studies (259 patients, 284 masses) provided individual‐level data for pooled analysis. At a mean (±standard deviation) follow‐up of 33.5 ± 22.6 months, the mean initial greatest tumor dimension was 2.3 ± 1.3 cm, and mean linear growth rate was 0.31 ± 0.38 cm per year. Sixty‐five masses (23%) exhibited zero net growth under surveillance, and none of those masses progressed to metastasis. A pooled analysis revealed increased age (age 75.1 ± 9.1 years vs 66.6 ± 12.3 years; P = .03), an initial greatest tumor dimension (4.1 ± 2.1 cm vs 2.3 ± 1.3 cm; P < .0001), initial estimated tumor volume (66.3 ± 100.0 cm3 vs 15.1 ± 60.3 cm3; p = .0001), linear growth rate of (0.8 ± 0.65 cm per year vs 0.3 ± 0.4 cm per year; P = .0001), and a volumetric growth rate of 27.1 ± 24.9 cm3 per year (vs 6.2 ± 27.5 cm3 per year; P < .0001) in the progression cohort.CONCLUSIONS:A substantial proportion of small renal masses remained radiographically static after an initial period of active surveillance. Progression to metastases occurred in a small percentage of patients and generally was a late event. The current results indicated that, in patients who have competing health risks, radiographic surveillance may be an acceptable initial approach, and delayed intervention may be reserved for patients who have tumors that exhibit significant linear or volumetric growth. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Color assessment of granitic rocks and implications for their ornamental utilization
Authors: Sousa Luís M. O. , Gonçalves Bruno M. M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting the assessment of granite color, such as grain size and texture, and to propose a methodology for this task which would reduce the margin of error associated with this procedure. For this purpose, an evaluation was carried out on the color of several granites with different textures used in the dimensional stone industry to highlight the importance of the sample area, the number of measurements per sample and the aperture of the equipment. A colorimeter was used to measure the granite color according to the CIE‐L*a*b* and CIE‐L*C*abhab systems, in both large slabs and small samples selected in a processing plant of ornamental granites. Granite color characteristics from large slabs had to be obtained with at least 60 shots due to the variation between different slabs. Therefore, several samples are needed for granite characterization. The color of gray granites does not vary significantly. Nevertheless, the more weathered granites show significant differences which are more evident in the b*‐parameter, or the yellow–blue component, which allow the use of the colorimeter for quality control. By doing so significant differences among the rock pieces used in a single building can be avoided. There were no significant differences found in the color parameters from distinct apertures. However, due to the heterogeneity of the granite the color is evaluated better with larger apertures. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012
The CRI‐CAM02UCS colour rendering index
Authors: Li Cheng , Ronnier Luo M. , Li Changjun , Cui Guihua 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA new colour rendering index, CRI‐CAM02UCS, is proposed. It predicts visual results more accurately than the CIE CIR‐Ra. It includes two components necessary for predicting colour rendering in one metric: a chromatic adaptation transform and uniform colour space based on the CIE recommended colour appearance model, CIECAM02. The new index gave the same ranks as those of CIE‐Ra in the six lamps tested regardless the sample sets used. It was also found that the methods based on the size of colour gamut did not agree with those based on the test‐sample method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012
Energy management control for supplying partner selection protocol in mobile peer‐to‐peer three‐dimensional streaming
Authors: Maamar Haifa Raja , Alonso Graciela Roman , Boukerche Azzedine , Petriu Emil 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYIn recent years, three‐dimensional (3D) streaming over thin mobile devices has received very little attention from the research community. The 3D streaming‐based class of applications uses either a centralized or a distributed approach. whereas the former presents several drawbacks such as latency, server's bottleneck, and networks congestion; the latter, that is, peer‐to‐peer, has to deal with the supplying partner issue that consists in selecting the source that will be responsible for streaming the required 3D data. Given that frequent 3D streaming overuses the mobile device's resources and dissipates its energy, the energy factor should be taken into consideration during the selection of the supplier. In this paper, we propose two energy management control protocols for supplying partner selection in peer‐to‐peer 3D streaming that we refer to as one‐level energy‐based and two‐level energy‐based. We also propose a new source load estimator that takes into account two factors namely the source's residual energy and its number of served requests. In one‐level energy‐based, the requester uses the source's load information to prioritize the sources in an ascending order and distribute the requests starting with the least loaded sources. In two‐level energy‐based, both the requester and the supplier have important and complementary roles and participate in the energy management control. We then report on the performance evaluation of our energy management control protocols using an extensive set of simulation experiments with the NS2 tool. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical damage resistance of Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios
Authors: Shi Hongxin , Ren Changyu , Luo Suhua , Meng Qingxin , Sun Xiudong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were grown in air by the Czochralski technique with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios ([Li]/[Nb]=0.94, 1.05, 1.20) in melt. The defect structure and location of doped ions were analyzed by the UV‐visible absorption spectra. The optical damage resistance of Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals was investigated by the photoinduced birefringence change and the transmitted light spot distortion method. The results show that the optical damage resistance ability of Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals decreases with the increase of the [Li]/[Nb] ratio. The dependence of the optical damage resistance of Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals on the defect structure is discussed in detail. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Second harmonic generation in Na3Gd2(BO3)3 crystals
Authors: Zhou W. W. , Zhuang R. Z. , Zhao W. , Wang G. F. , Zhang L. Z. , Ma J. G. , Bao X. , Wang F. W. , Chen Y. H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNa3Gd2(BO3)3 crystals with dimensions up to 22 × 20 × 5 mm3has been grown from NaBO2 flux by the top‐seeded solution growth (TSSG) method for the first time. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) result shows that Na3Gd2(BO3)3 melts incongruently. The infrared spectrum indicates that Na3Gd2(BO3)3 contains characteristic triangular [BO3]3– groups responsible for the nonlinear optical effect. For the as‐grown crystal, the transmittance exceeds 80% in the wavelength range of 315 nm to 2670 nm, and the UV cutoff wavelength is 207 nm. The damage threshold is 0.47 GW cm–2 at 1064 nm. Moreover, Na3Gd2(BO3)3 crystal exhibits an optical second harmonic generation effect which is 1.3 times as large as that of KH2PO4 (KDP). (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Debye‐Waller factor and Debye temperature of CdO nanoparticles
Authors: Mariammal R. N. , Susila V. M. , Ramachandran K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTheoretical calculation on the phonon dispersion of CdO nanoparticles at room temperature is reported here for the first time. The mean square amplitude, Debye–Waller factor and Debye temperature are calculated for CdO nanoparticles from the phonon spectrum and compared with the experimental results obtained from Rietveld refinement of XRD pattern of the CdO nanoparticles. The thermal stability of the nanoparticles is studied from both the experimental and theoretical calculations of melting point which is found to be 3686 K and 3951 K, respectively, greater than that of bulk CdO. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of SrMoO4 microstructures by the microwave radiation‐assisted chelating agent method
Authors: Sun Yan , Li Chunsheng , Wang Lina , Ma Xuegang , Zhang Zhijia , Song Mingyang , Ma Peijuan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSrMoO4 rose‐like and persimmon‐like structures were synthesized via microwave radiation‐assisted chelating agent method. The microstructure and morphology of the as‐prepared samples were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and field‐emission scanning electron microscope. According to the experimental results, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, as an outstanding chelating agent, plays an important role in inducing the morphology evolution. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)