bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometric immunophenotypic differentiation patterns of bone marrow eosinophilopoiesis
Authors: Trindade Christopher J. , Sun Xiaoping , Maric Dragan , Sharma Sachein , Komarow Hirsh D. , Hourigan Christopher S. , Klion Amy , Maric Irina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundFlow cytometry has been widely used to study immunophenotypic patterns of maturation of most hematopoietic lineages in normal human bone marrow aspirates, thus allowing identification of changes in patterns in many myeloid malignancies. Eosinophils play an important role in a wide variety of disorders, including some myeloid neoplasms. However, changes in flow cytometric immunophenotypic patterns during normal and abnormal bone marrow eosinophilopoiesis have not been well studied.MethodsFresh bone marrow aspirates from 15 healthy donors, 19 patients with hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES), and 11 patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) were analyzed for candidate markers that included EMR‐1, Siglec‐8, CCR3, CD9, CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD13, CD16, CD29, CD34, CD38, CD45, CD44, CD49d, CD49f, CD54, CD62L, CD69, CD117, CD125 (IL‐5Rα), HLA‐DR, using 10 parameter flow cytometry. Putative CD34‐negative immature and mature normal eosinophil populations were first identified based on changes in expression of the above markers in healthy donors, then confirmed using fluorescence‐based cell sorting and morphological evaluation of cytospin preparations. The normal immunophenotypic patterns were then compared to immunophenotypic patterns of eosinophilopoiesis in patients with HES and SM.ResultsThe eosinophilic lineage was first verified using the human eosinophil‐specific antibody EMR‐1 in combination with anti‐IL‐5Rα antibody. Then, a combination of Siglec‐8, CD9, CD11b, CCR3, CD49d, and CD49f antibodies was used to delineate normal eosinophilic maturational patterns. Early stages (eosinophilic promyelocytes/myelocytes) were identified as Siglec‐8 dim/CD11b dim to moderate/CD9 dim/CCR3 dim/CD49d bright/CD49f dim, intermediate stages (eosinophilic myelocytes/metamyelocytes) as Siglec‐8 moderate/CD11b moderate to bright/CD9 moderate/CCR3 moderate/CD49d moderate/CD49f moderate and mature bands/segmented eosinophils as Siglec‐8 bright/CD11b bright/CD9 bright/CCR3 bright/CD49d dim/CD49f bright. Overall maturational patterns were also similar in patients with HES and SM; however, the expression levels of several surface markers were altered compared to normal eosinophils.ConclusionA novel flow cytometric antibody panel was devised to detect alterations in immunophenotypic patterns of bone marrow eosinophil maturation and evaluated in normal, HES and SM samples. This approach will allow us to elucidate changes in immunophenotypic patterns of bone marrow eosinophilopoiesis in other hematological diseases.
Energy characteristics of saturated Jurassic sandstone in western China under different stress paths
Authors: Yang Yi , Lin Jian , Wu Yun , Peng Shilong , Shao Wanhang , Yang Lining 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo study the energy evolution and failure characteristics of saturated sandstone under unloading conditions, rock unloading tests under different stress paths were conducted. The energy evolution mechanism of the unloading failure of saturated sandstone was systematically explored from the perspectives of the stress path, the initial confining pressure, and the energy conversion rate. The results show that (1) before the peak stress, the elastic energy increases with an increase in deviatoric stress, while the dissipated energy slowly increases first. After the peak stress, the elastic energy decreases with the decrease of deviatoric stress, and the dissipated energy suddenly increases. The energy release intensity during rock failure is positively correlated with the axial stress. (2) When the initial confining pressure is below a certain threshold, the stress path is the main factor influencing the total energy difference. When the axial stress remains constant and the confining pressure is unloading, the total energy is more sensitive to changes in the confining pressure. When the axial stress remains constant, the compressive deformation ability of the rock cannot be significantly improved by the increase in the initial confining pressure. The initial confining pressure is positively correlated with the rock's energy storage limit. (3) The initial confining pressure increases the energy conversion rate of the rock; the initial confining pressure is positively correlated with the energy conversion rate; and the energy conversion rate has a high confining pressure effect. The increase in the axial stress has a much greater impact on the elastic energy than the confining pressure. (4) When the deviatoric stress is small, the confining pressure mainly plays a protective role. Compared with the case of triaxial compression paths, the rock damage is more severe under unloading paths, and compared with the case of constant axial stress, the rock damage is more severe under increasing axial stress.
Ectopic expression in commonly used transgenic DrosophilaGAL4 driver lines
Authors: Winant Mattias , Buhler Kurt , Callaerts Patrick 
Published: April 2024

SummaryTransgenic tools such as the GAL4/UAS system in Drosophila have been used extensively to induce spatiotemporally controlled changes in gene expression and tissue‐specific expression of a range of transgenes. We previously discovered unexpected expression of the commonly used dilp2‐GAL4 line in tracheal tissue which significantly impacted growth phenotypes. We realized that few GAL4 lines have been thoroughly characterized, particularly when considering transient activity that may have significant impact on phenotypic readouts. Here, we characterized a further subset of 12 reportedly tissue‐specific GAL4 lines commonly used in genetic studies of development, growth, endocrine regulation, and metabolism. Ten out of 12 GAL4 lines exhibited ectopic activity in other larval tissues, with seven being active in the larval trachea. Since this ectopic activity may result in phenotypes that do not depend on the manipulation in the intended target tissue, it is recommended to carefully analyze the outcome while taking this aspect into consideration.
Is the threatened land crab Cardisoma guanhumi conquering human‐dominated systems?
Authors: Riascos José M. , Obonaga Levy D. , Ramos Jhostin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLand use changes are heralded as a major driver of biodiversity loss. However, recent findings show that cities, perhaps the most radical habitat transformation, sustain increasing numbers of threatened species. This emerging trend has been mostly chronicled for vertebrates from landlocked cities, although loss of biodiversity and rates or urbanization are higher in coastal marine systems. To advance our understanding on how threatened species may conquer human‐dominated systems, we studied the threatened edible crab Cardisoma guanhumi and assessed how it is proliferating in croplands and urban systems at different spatial scales and whether populations show consequences of long‐term exploitation. We gathered the data on crab populations covering the whole distribution range, including three countries reporting this as a threatened species. The abundance, distribution, and size structure of crab populations among different land uses at local scales were compared and published data for populations thriving in different habitats throughout their distribution range were compiled. We found that at local scale this species is able to thrive in natural and human‐disturbed habitats, where food sources are heavily altered. At larger scales, the species showed no differences in abundance and size structure among natural and anthropogenic habitats. In areas near the southern distribution edge, crab populations were more abundant and composed of larger animals in urban areas and croplands than those in natural habitats, suggesting that human‐disturbed systems are stepping stones to extend the geographic range. However, we found a long‐term reduction in maximum body size, exacerbated by land use changes, that likely reflects exploitation regimes consistently targeting larger crabs. Despite its status as a threatened species, the long history of human exploitation combined with livestock farming practices may explain the proliferation of this crab in human‐dominated systems, which emphasize the need to consider conservation in human‐dominated systems.
Male mating season range expansion results from an increase in scale of daily movements for a polygynous–promiscuous bird
Authors: Lott Holly , Ulrey Erin E. , Kilgo John C. , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J. , Byrne Michael E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMales of species with promiscuous mating systems are commonly observed to use larger ranges during the mating season relative to non‐mating seasons, which is often attributed to a change in movements related to reproductive activities. However, few studies link seasonal range sizes to variation in daily space use patterns to provide insight into the behavioral mechanisms underlying mating season range expansion. We studied 20 GPS‐tagged male wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), a large upland gamebird, during the mating and summer non‐mating seasons to test the hypothesis that larger mating season ranges resulted from male wild turkeys expanding the scale of daily movement activities to locate and court females. We delineated mating and non‐mating seasons based on intensity of gobbling, a vocalization tied to courtship behavior, recorded by autonomous recording units distributed across the study area. Mating season ranges were significantly larger than non‐mating season ranges. Daily ranges were larger in the mating season, as were distances between roost sites used on consecutive nights. Variance in daily range size was greater in the mating season, but low temporal autocorrelation suggested considerable daily variability in both seasons. We found no evidence that male wild turkeys changed how they distributed daily movements within seasonal ranges, or differences in habitat use, suggesting larger mating season ranges result from male wild turkeys increasing the scale of their daily movements, rather than a systematic shift to a nomadic movement strategy. Likely, the distribution of females is more dynamic and ephemeral compared to other resources, prompting males to traverse larger daily ranges during the mating season to locate and court females. Our work illustrates the utility of using daily movement to understand the behavioral process underlying larger space use patterns.
Supported Ruthenium Phosphide as a Promising Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Sugars
Authors: Popp Lukas , Kampe Philipp , Fritsch Birk , Hutzler Andreas , Poller Maximilian J. , Albert Jakob , Schühle Patrick 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work demonstrates that supported ruthenium phosphides (RuP2) are attractive catalysts for selective production of alditols by sugar hydrogenation. In our studies, carbon supported RuP2 with a ruthenium content of 5 wt.– % led to the highest activity in xylose hydrogenation and to nearly 100 % yield for xylitol. ICP‐OES and XRD measurements revealed the stability of this novel RuP2/C catalyst under typical hydrogenation conditions (50 barH2, 120 °C) in aqueous phase. Furthermore, STEM‐EDX illustrated the close proximity of ruthenium and phosphorous on the catalyst site and the formation of nanoparticles in the size of 2–4 nm. The catalyst system was successfully applied for the selective hydrogenation of further sugar substrates, including glucose, fructose, and disaccharides, such as cellobiose and sucrose. Here, the RuP2/C revealed its bifunctional acidic/metallic character, enabling in a tandem reaction the hydrolysis of disaccharides, directly followed by a selective hydrogenation to form sugar alcohols in high yield.
DBU‐Catalyzed Glutamation of Phenols, Thiophenols, Secondary Amines and Imides
Authors: Wang Xue‐Ying , Zhu Si‐Kai , Cheng Mei‐Ling , Jiang Ru , Zhang Sheng‐Yong , Wang Ping‐An 
Published: April 2024

Abstract1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) catalyzed Michael addition reactions between α,β‐unsaturated esters and benzophenone‐imines of glycine esters have been realized in THF at room temperature by using LiBr as an additive, effectively enabling the glutamation of phenols, thiophenols, secondary amines and imides. 3‐Substituted glutamic acid esters were obtained in excellent yields and diastereoselectivities (up to quantitative yield and >20 : 1 dr). These glutamic acid esters were readily converted into their corresponding pyroglutamic acid esters in high yields through acidic hydrolysis followed by lactamization.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylation of Isocyanoacetates with Vinyl‐Aziridines
Authors: Yan Shuang , Yu Zhe‐Jia , Guo Zhi‐Kun , Zhang Jun , Zhao Mei‐Xin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe first palladium‐catalyzed allylation of isocyanoacetates with vinyl aziridines has been developed. The reaction conditions were suitable for a variety of α‐aryl isocyanoacetates as well as N‐substituted vinyl aziridines, affording the corresponding allylation products in moderate to high yields (up to 98 %) along with excellent stereoselectivity and regioselectivity. Transformations of the allylation products into trans‐4,5‐dehydrolysine analogues and a highly functionalized proline ester derivative were further demonstrated, and a preliminary asymmetric version of the reaction has also been evaluated.
Multicomponent Tandem Cyclization/Aromatization Reaction: Access to 2‐Substituted Naphthothiazoles and Benzothiazoles
Authors: Kumar Upendra , Sharma Ajay , Chaubey Trayambek Nath , Pandey Satyendra Kumar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA straightforward, metal‐free multicomponent tandem cyclization/aromatization approach for the synthesis of naphthothiazoles and benzothiazoles is described. This method employs α‐tetralones and cyclohexenones as the starting materials, styrene derivatives as a one‐carbon synthon, an ammonium salt as the N source, elemental sulfur as the S source and an oxidant. This approach offers a broad substrate scope, including α‐tetralones and cyclohexenones adorned with different functional groups, resulting in moderate to high yields of the desired products.
Experimental investigation on the effective condenser glass area of solar still hybrid with photovoltaic cells
Authors: Yuvaraj M. , Ganapathy Sundaram E. , Shanthi R. , Gopinath D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSolar desalination is a broad research field in the production of freshwater. The efficiency of the natural conversion solar desalination system is the only limitation to becoming its commercialization. It needs 1 m2 area for getting approximately 4.5 L of fresh water/day. In active methods 1 m2 area of solar still produce yield up to 10 L/day. In this study a new technology of fixing the photovoltaic cell (PV cells) in the natural passive solar still condenser glass to harvest both freshwater as well as electrical power generation is proposed. The experiments were carried out with conventional solar still of a glass surface area of 0.5 m2, still with an effective glass surface area of 0.3812 m2 and 36 PV cells taken up area of 0.1188 m2, and still with effective glass surface area of 0.3020 m2 and 60 PV cells taken up area of 0.198 m2. The study found that conventional solar still produced 2140 mL/day of yield, still with 36 PV cells produced 1380 mL/day of yield and 98 W of electrical power and still with 60 PV cells produced 840 mL/day of yield and 165 W of electrical power. This hybrid system, solar still with PV cells, produce both fresh water and electrical power. The fresh water yield and electrical power generation depends on the effective area of the solar still glass surface area and area occupied by PV cells attached to the solar still glass cover.
A randomized controlled educational pilot trial of interictal epileptiform discharge identification for neurology residents
Authors: Nascimento Fábio A. , Jing Jin , Traner Christopher , Kong Wan Yee , Olandoski Marcia , Kapur Srishti , Duhaime Erik , Strowd Roy , Moeller Jeremy , Westover M. Brandon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of an educational program leveraging technology‐enhanced learning and retrieval practice to teach trainees how to correctly identify interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs).MethodsThis was a bi‐institutional prospective randomized controlled educational trial involving junior neurology residents. The intervention consisted of three video tutorials focused on the six IFCN criteria for IED identification and rating 500 candidate IEDs with instant feedback either on a web browser (intervention 1) or an iOS app (intervention 2). The control group underwent no educational intervention (“inactive control”). All residents completed a survey and a test at the onset and offset of the study. Performance metrics were calculated for each participant.ResultsTwenty‐one residents completed the study: control (n = 8); intervention 1 (n = 6); intervention 2 (n = 7). All but two had no prior EEG experience. Intervention 1 residents improved from baseline (mean) in multiple metrics including AUC (.74; .85; p < .05), sensitivity (.53; .75; p < .05), and level of confidence (LOC) in identifying IEDs/committing patients to therapy (1.33; 2.33; p < .05). Intervention 2 residents improved in multiple metrics including AUC (.81; .86; p < .05) and LOC in identifying IEDs (2.00; 3.14; p < .05) and spike–wave discharges (2.00; 3.14; p < .05). Controls had no significant improvements in any measure.SignificanceThis program led to significant subjective and objective improvements in IED identification. Rating candidate IEDs with instant feedback on a web browser (intervention 1) generated greater objective improvement in comparison to rating candidate IEDs on an iOS app (intervention 2). This program can complement trainee education concerning IED identification.
Inkjet printing for smart electrochromic devices
Authors: Zhang Yingxin , Xu Bing , Zhao Feifei , Li Haizeng , Chen Jingwei , Wang Huanlei , Yu William W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectrochromic technology has recently made many achievements in research and commercialization. Electrochromic devices are being developed based on various coating and printing methods for multipronged applications, and have great potential for next‐generation flexible electronics. Compared to other coating and printing techniques, inkjet printing (IJP) enables non‐contact patterning on a variety of substrates by programming the movement of the printing nozzle. IJP has great advantages in printing smart electrochromic devices because of its low cost, high resolution, high material utilization rate, and applicability to various large‐size substrates. In this review, the principles and process of IJP and the latest progress of IJP in electrochromic devices are summarized in detail. IJP of electrochromic materials, conductive contacts, and blocking layers are discussed. IJP assisted fabrication of smart electrochromic displays, flexible and stretchable electrochromic devices, electrochromic‐energy storage, smart windows, and others are also demonstrated. The problems and challenges faced by IJP electrochromic devices are emphasized, and the future development trends are prospected. This review aims at further promoting the development of IJP for smart electrochromic devices and encouraging future applications of IJP and electrochromic devices in the era of Internet of Things.
Flexible electronic materials and devices toward portable immunoassays
Authors: Huang Lingting , Tang Dianping , Yang Zhen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiomarker identification is a tried‐and‐true method that can provide precise biological information for disease diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis, disease progression monitoring, therapy efficacy evaluation, and prognosis assessment of cancers all benefit from sensitive, rapid, and precise measurement of significant biomarkers employing chemical and immunological approaches. The study of biomolecules and immunoassay evaluations can profit greatly from recent advancements in flexible electronic materials and technologies, which provide amazing flexibility, affordability, mobility, and integration. However, an overview of the implementation of portable immunoassays in conjunction with flexible electronic devices is rare to come by. This review focuses on recent breakthroughs in flexible electronic materials and devices for portable biomarker testing, which provides an extensive summary of flexible electrical components and sensing‐capable devices, emphasizing their adaptability in the construction of biosensing platforms. These platforms employ various signal transduction systems to record biological affinity recognition events, including pressure, temperature, electrical parameters, colorimetric signals, and other physical features. The challenges for portable, integrated, intelligent, and multifunctional immunoassays based on flexible sensing devices are also discussed. The portable immunoassays with flexible electronics would unlock the potential to transform clinical diagnostics into non‐clinical personalized treatments and achieve home‐based point‐of‐care testing for daily monitoring.
Effect of blanching time–temperature on potassium and vitamin retention/loss in kale and spinach
Authors: Mugo Beatrice Muthoni , Kiio Juliana , Munyaka Ann 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHyperkalemia is common among patients with end stage kidney disease. Management involves diet modification. Hot water blanching is recommended to leach potassium in vegetables which results in losses of water‐soluble and heat labile vitamins. Evidence on the effect of blanching in reducing potassium level of locally consumed vegetables in Kenya is limited. This study sought to establish effect of hot water blanching time‐temperature on level of potassium, vitamin B1, B3 and C in kales (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) and spinach (Spinach oleracea) on potassium and vitamins B1, B3 and C retention/loss. The study adopted a full factorial experimental design. Vitamins were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Potassium was quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. To compare nutrient content between samples, independent t‐test and Analysis of Variance were used at 95% confidence level. Nutrient content of fresh kales and spinach were potassium (102 mg/100 g and 615 mg/100 g), vitamin B1 (124 μg/100 g and 51 μg/100 g), vitamin B3 (1165 μg/100 g and 812 μg/100 g) and vitamin C (102 mg/100 g and 116 mg/100 g) respectively. In kales, blanching for 20 min at 1000°C resulted to retention of 86.9%, 55.6%, 27.6% and 12.9% of vitamin B1, B3, C and potassium respectively. In spinach, blanching for 20 min at 1000°C resulted in retention of 79.9%, 88.6%, 12.2% and 40.6% retention of vitamin B1, B3, C and potassium respectively. Vitamin C and Potassium were the most sensitive to heat and leaching. Time had a greater effect than temperature in this study. This study recommends blanching of kale at 15.2 min at 800°C, spinach at 17.7 min at 840°C. Further research on optimal blanching time‐temperature for potassium and vitamin retention/loss is recommended.