bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeatability of Optic Nerve Head Parameters Measured by Spectral-Domain OCT in Healthy Eyes
Authors: Savini Giacomo , Carbonelli Michele , Parisi Vincenzo , Barboni Piero 
Published: May 2011

Background and Objective:
To evaluate the repeatability of optic nerve head (ONH) measurements by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Patients and Methods:
Three scans were acquired in 32 healthy subjects during one session. Using Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA), the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), disc area, rim area, cup volume, and horizontal and vertical CDRs were investigated. Repeatability was assessed by the coefficient of variation (COV), the test–retest intrasession variability, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results:

Good repeatability was achieved for all parameters, with a COV of 4.23% or less and ICCs of 0.98 or greater for all measurements. Test–retest intrasession variability was 0.024 for CDR, 0.121 mm
2
for disc area, 0.087 mm
2
for rim area, 0.017 mm
3
for cup volume, and 0.048 for horizontal and vertical CDR.

Conclusion:
In healthy eyes, Cirrus HD-OCT provides repeatable measurements of ONH parameters.
An Augmented Trabeculectomy for Neovascular Glaucoma
Authors: Dahan Elie , Ben Simon Guy J. 
Published: May 2011

Background and Objective:
To report on a new surgical technique for neovascular glaucoma (NVG) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion.

Patients and Methods:
Fourteen eyes of 13 patients underwent an augmented trabeculectomy for NVG between January 2000 and February 2003. The augmented trabeculectomy consisted of a 7 × 5 × 5 mm trapezoidal scleral flap, a 6 × 4 × 4 mm deep sclerectomy, application of mitomycin C (MMC) 0.2% for 3 minutes in the deep scleral bed, a 2 × 1 mm trabeculectomy, and the use of a hydrophilic implant (T-flux; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Wetzlar, Germany) as a wick drain connecting the posterior chamber and the deep sclerectomy via a peripheral iridectomy. Whenever the intraocular pressure (IOP) rose above 20 mm Hg, the site of filtration was surgically revised and MMC 0.2% was reapplied in the deep scleral bed.

Results:

IOP decreased from a mean of 38.7 ± 5.2 mm Hg preoperatively to a mean of 17.3 ± 5.2 mm Hg postoperatively after a mean follow-up of 32 ± 12 months (
P
= .001, Wilcoxon signed-ranked test, two related samples). Mean visual acuity improved from 20/350 to 20/170 (
P
= .034). Seven eyes (50%) needed one surgical revision and one eye (7%) needed two surgical revisions within 3 months from the first operation to maintain an IOP of less than 21 mm Hg.

Conclusion:
The modified trabeculectomy augmented by MMC 0.2% and the use of the T-flux as a wick drain can provide adequate IOP control in NVG caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion. To maintain an IOP of less than 21 mm Hg without anti-glaucoma medications, surgical revisions of the filtration site are necessary in at least 50% of patients.
Factors Contributing to Posterior Capsule Opacification Following 23-Gauge Transconjunctival Phacovitrectomy
Authors: Rahman Rubina , Briffa Benedict Vella , Gupta Abha , Chinn David J. 
Published: May 2011

Background and Objective:
To determine posterior capsule opacification (PCO) rate and identify contributory factors in a series of patients undergoing combined 23-gauge transconjunctival phacovitrectomy.

Patients and Methods:
Retrospective data on 221 consecutive patients operated on by a single senior surgeon using a standard technique were collected and subjected to univariate analysis with chi-square tests and multivariate analysis with logistic regression.

Results:

PCO developed in 46 of 221 cases (20.8%). Major risk factors were: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (relative risk = 3.3,
P
= .002), axial length greater than 24.5 mm (relative risk = 2.0,
P
= .093), intraoperative/postoperative complications (relative risk = 3.3,
P
= .04), C
2
F
6
tamponade (versus SF
6
/air) (relative risk = 2.8,
P
= .01), and postoperative posturing (relative risk = 4.1,
P
< .001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the latter two to be most important.

Conclusion:
PCO rate following 23-gauge phacovitrectomy is lower than most rates reported for 20-gauge phacovitrectomy. Using shorter-acting gas tamponade and avoiding postoperative posturing may help lower PCO rates.
Docking of Lytic Granules at the Immunological Synapse in Human CTL Requires Vti1b-Dependent Pairing with CD3 Endosomes
Authors: Qu Bin , Pattu Varsha , Junker Christian , Schwarz Eva C. , Bhat Shruthi S. , Kummerow Carsten , Marshall Misty , Matti Ulf , Neumann Frank , Pfreundschuh Michael , Becherer Ute , Rieger Heiko , Rettig Jens , Hoth Markus 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Lytic granule (LG)-mediated apoptosis is the main mechanism by which CTL kill virus-infected and tumorigenic target cells. CTL form a tight junction with the target cells, which is called the immunological synapse (IS). To avoid unwanted killing of neighboring cells, exocytosis of lytic granules (LG) is tightly controlled and restricted to the IS. In this study, we show that in activated human primary CD8+ T cells, docking of LG at the IS requires tethering LG with CD3-containing endosomes (CD3-endo). Combining total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and fast deconvolution microscopy (both in living cells) with confocal microscopy (in fixed cells), we found that LG and CD3-endo tether and are cotransported to the IS. Paired but not single LG are accumulated at the IS. The dwell time of LG at the IS is substantially enhanced by tethering with CD3-endo, resulting in a preferential release of paired LG over single LG. The SNARE protein Vti1b is required for tethering of LG and CD3-endo. Downregulation of Vti1b reduces tethering of LG with CD3-endo. This leads to an impaired accumulation and docking of LG at the IS and a reduction of target cell killing. Therefore, Vti1b-dependent tethering of LG and CD3-endo determines accumulation, docking, and efficient lytic granule secretion at the IS.
Robust control strategies applicable to DC–DC converter with reliability assessment: A review
Authors: Gupta Mukur , Gupta Nitin , Garg Man Mohan , Kumar Ajay 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of various control strategies for DC–DC converters along with a brief discussion on various performance indices for evaluating the reliability of designed controller. DC–DC converters are emerging as the fastest‐growing interfacing devices in the world because of their emergent applications in almost all domains of engineering. Notably, the non‐linear behavior of DC–DC converters offers a perplexing problem in designing a robust controller. A robust controller must ensure proper closed‐loop stability with desired performance and reliable control for output voltage regulation in the event of various possible perturbations. This creates the requirement for practically implementable non‐linear controllers that can effectively overlook the drawbacks of linear controllers. The prominence of this composition is based on the expansion in tuning techniques of proportional‐integral‐derivative controller gain parameters using linear strategies and heading towards non‐linear strategies by reviewing 196 research papers. The modification in non‐linear control strategies in terms of their fundamental features associated with key benefits and limitations are comprehensively reviewed. This study mostly revolves around non‐linear internal model control (IMC) strategies for parameter tuning of IMC‐based controllers for various order of plants with an improved degree of freedom.
Transient Electro‐Graphitization of MOFs Affecting the Crystallization of Ruthenium Nanoclusters for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Karim Golam Masud , Patra Amalika , Deb Sujit Kumar , Upadhya Hemanta , Das Snehasish , Mukherjee Priyam , Ahmad Waleed , Barman Narad , Thapa Ranjit , Dambhare Neha V , Rath Arup Kumar , Das Jaysri , Manna Uttam , Urkude Rajashri R. , Oh Youngtak , Maiti Uday Narayan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFine control over the graphitization level of carbonized nanostructures can play a strategic role in tuning the crystallization of supported nanocatalysts, thereby modulating the kinetics of catalysis. However, realizing the synergistic interplay of graphitization‐tunable support and supported catalysts poses a significant challenge. This study proposes a current pulse‐induced ultrafast strategy for developing MOF‐derived graphitic nano‐leaves (GNL) and supported ultrafine ruthenium nanoclusters exhibiting selective crystallization states depending on the tunable graphitization level of GNL. The resulting ultrafine (≈0.7 nm) amorphous‐ruthenium nanoclusters linked with GNL (a‐Ru@GNL500) exhibit state‐of‐the‐art performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), requiring very low overpotentials of only 23.0 and 285.0 mV to achieve current densities of 10 and 500 mA cm−2, respectively. Furthermore, a‐Ru@GNL500 demonstrates exceptional operational stability for 100 h under high HER currents of 200 and 400 mA cm−2. Density functional theory reveals that the unique electronic structure of a‐Ru and the cooperative effect of cobalt embedded in the graphitic layer lower the occupancy of the antibonding orbital, resulting in an accelerated HER process. Additionally, the unique electronic structure, highly conducting GNL, and efficient bubble release dynamics of super‐aerophobic a‐Ru@GNL500 contribute to reduced overpotentials, particularly at high HER current densities.
Inflammation‐Activated Endogenous Macrophage‐Mediated Prodrug Delivery System Overcoming Biological Barriers for Enhanced Oral Meningitis Therapy
Authors: Nguyen Van Khanh , Nguyen Nhien , Li Zhe‐Cheng , Cheng Chao‐Min , Wang Jui‐To , Chiang Yu‐Wei , Song Hsiang‐Lin , Lo Shih‐Kai , Mac Cam‐Hoa , Chang Yen , Chia Wei‐Tso , Sung Hsing‐Wen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSignificant health risks are posed by meningitis due to its rapid progression, and challenges are encountered in intravenous antibiotic administration, especially in crossing the blood‐brain barrier. To address this, an inflammation‐activated, endogenous macrophage (MΦ)‐mediated oral prodrug delivery system is developed for targeted therapeutic interventions in bacterial meningitis treatment. This system is guided by inflammation‐derived chemoattractants and triggers drug release through inflammation‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Comprised of naturally derived β‐glucans conjugated with the antibiotic cefotaxime (CTX) using a ROS‐responsive linker, nanoparticles (βGlus–CTX NPs) are formed in aqueous solutions. In a mouse model of Klebsiella pneumoniae‐induced meningitis, orally administered βGlus–CTX NPs are traversed by intestinal microfold cells, surpassing the intestine‐epithelial barrier, and are absorbed by resident endogenous MΦ. These MΦ‐mediated drug delivery vehicles are then traveled through the lymphatic and circulatory systems, crossing the compromised blood‐brain barrier, ultimately reaching inflamed brain tissues, guided by their derived chemoattractants. In ROS‐rich inflamed tissue environments, the linkers in the βGlus–CTX NPs are cleaved, releasing therapeutic CTX for localized treatment. Targeted antibiotic treatment for bacterial meningitis is offered by this oral, endogenous MΦ‐mediated prodrug delivery system, overcoming the robust gut‐to‐brain biological barriers and potentially enhancing effectiveness for comfortable home‐based treatment.
Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity Containing [2.2]Paracyclophane Moieties: Synthesis and Gas Sorption Properties
Authors: Li Yuting , Brückel Julian , Jereb Marjan , Zupanc Anže , Hirvonen Sami‐Pekka , Hietala Sami , Kemell Marianna , Wu Yue , Fuhr Olaf , Jansen‐van Vuuren Ross D. , Carta Mariolino , Bräse Stefan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe unique structure of [2.2]paracyclophane (PCP) with its rigidity, stability, and planar chirality has gained significant attention in polymer and material research. In this work, the incorporation of amino‐functionalized PCPs within polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) is reported for the first time. Three different PCP‐PIMs were prepared via a Tröger's base formation mechanism, and their structures characterized via solid‐state NMR, MALDI‐TOF, and SEM. Their porosity was evaluated using gas adsorption (N2 and CO2) based on theoretical calculations such as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), NLDFT pore size distribution (PSD) and ideal IAST CO2/N2 selectivity (15/85), a crucial separation when considering the capture of CO2 from flue gas. The surface areas were found to be between 200–230 m2 g−1 while the selectivity for CO2/N2 ranged from 46 to 70.
Excellent Foliar Deposition of Cyclodextrin‐Encapsulated Furyl/Thienyl‐Engineered Ingredients: Novel Effective Supramolecular Agrochemicals for Combating Plant Bacterial and Fungal Infections
Authors: Dai Heju , Yang Jinghan , Fan Lijun , Luo Min , Wang Peiyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRepeated epidemics caused by bacterial and fungal diseases pose a threat to global crop yields and food security, therefore, updating the structure of existing microbicides and improving the pesticide bioavailability are challenging tasks, perhaps planning to develop versatile supramolecular antimicrobial materials. Here, a low‐cost multifunctional supramolecular complex, named FT6@β‐CD, is constructed by host‐guest encapsulation of a thienyl‐engineered ingredient (FT6) into β‐cyclodextrin. This integrated architecture can significantly reduce the bounce and splash behaviors of droplets, improve the wetting performance, and eventually acquire excellent foliar deposition and targeted delivery. Whereafter, FT6@β‐CD can inhibit the transcription of type III secretion system (T3SS)‐associated genes, hypersensitive reaction, and final pathogenicity from a destructive pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Importantly, at a lower dosage of 200 µg mL−1, FT6@β‐CD presented excellent in vivo control effects (protection 48.1%, curative 50.1%) against Xoo, remarkably better than the commercial bactericidal formulation thiodiazole‐copper. Additionally, other supramolecular antifungal materials (FT24/FT25@HP‐β‐CD/β‐CD/Me‐β‐CD) constructed in this study can effectively treat Botryosphaeria dothidea and Botrytis cinerea with higher control efficiencies of 86.8% and 90.1% at 200 µg mL−1, respectively. This study provides a bright guidance for developing low‐cost, green, and eco‐friendly supramolecular microbicides for controlling agricultural diseases.
Best Practices to Directly Assess Heterogeneous Singlet Oxygen Photosensitization by Phosphorescence
Authors: Schlachter Adrien , Asselin Paul , Chatelain Axel , Harvey Pierre D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLiterature proves that the direct detection of 1O2(1Δg) at the solid gas interface is systematically performed from its phosphorescence using high intensity excitation sources (i.e., lasers), which lead to quasi‐ubiquitous chemical problems, such as sensitizer degradation, and photophysical counter‐active issues such as ultrafast exciton migration, singlet‐singlet and triplet‐triplet annihilation, and thermally activated delayed fluorescence mediated by 1O2(1Δg). To avoid these inconveniences, low excitation intensity is required but leads to serious analytical challenges. The best practices to reliably detect 1O2(1Δg) phosphorescence at various interfaces using a standard excitation source and near‐IR detector. The two main practices consist in a gas purging test for reliable identification of 1O2(1Δg), and in a particularly fine optimization of the angle made by excitation beam versus substrate plane. These practices are applied to porphyrin sensitizers H2TPP and ZnTPP, either neat or physiosorbed on glass, quartz, paper and hospital bandages, graphene oxide (GO), and embedded inside electrospun polystyrene fibers and spin coated poly(methyl methacrylate) films. Porphyrin‐based metal‐organic framework PCN‐224, freshly activated, is also examined.
Neuromorphic Computing in Synthetic Antiferromagnets by Spin‐Orbit Torque Induced Magnetic‐Field‐Free Magnetization Switching
Authors: Han Xiang , Wang Zhenxing , Wang Yiheng , Wang Di , Zheng Limei , Zhao Le , Huang Qikun , Cao Qiang , Chen Yanxue , Bai Lihui , Xing Guozhong , Tian Yufeng , Yan Shishen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSynthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) with high thermal stability, ultra‐fast spin dynamics, and highly efficient spin‐orbit torque switching has great application potential in neuromorphic computing hardware. However, two challenges, the weakening of Hall signal in the remanent state and the need for a large auxiliary magnetic field for perpendicular magnetization switching, greatly limit the advantages of SAF in neuromorphic computing. In this work, both the enhanced anomalous Hall resistance and magnetic‐field‐free perpendicular magnetization switching are achieved by using oblique sputtering to fabricate the Pt/CoPt/Ru/CoTb SAF with strong interlayer exchange coupling and magnetic moment compensation. The fabricated SAF as synapse shows nearly linear, nonvolatile multistate plasticity, and as neuron exhibits a nonlinear sigmoid activation function, which are used to construct a fully connected neural network with a remarkable 97.0–98.1% recognition rate for the handwritten digits. Additionally, SAF serving as spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity synapse is used to construct an adaptive, unsupervised learning spiking neural network, and achieve an 87.0% accuracy in handwritten digit recognition. The findings exhibit the promise of SAFs as specialized hardware for high‐performance neuromorphic computing, offering high recognition rates and low power consumption.
Regulating Zn2+ Solvation Shell Through Charge‐Concentrated Anions for High Zn Plating/Stripping Coulombic Efficiency
Authors: Li Diantao , Sun Tianjiang , Ma Tao , Zhang Weijia , Sun Qiong , Cheng Min , Zha Zhengtai , Xie Weiwei , Tao Zhanliang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe plating/stripping efficiency of zinc (Zn) is directly related to the efficiency of zinc utilization and cycle stability of the battery, which is affected by factors such as the solvated water‐related hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), Zn corrosion, and dendrite formation. Therefore, creating a weak solvate shell for Zn2+ with reduced solvated water molecules can promote stable deposition and stripping of the zinc anode. In this work, a novel approach using the concentrated charge effect of anions is proposed to remove the solvated water and improve the efficiency of Zn plating/stripping. 3 mol kg−1 (3 m) ZnCl2, Zn(ClO4)2, and Zn(BF4)2 electrolytes are used as the representatives to investigate how anions regulate the solvent shell of zinc ion to achieve high Zn plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency (CE). Computational results show that Cl− has a more concentrated charge compared to ClO4− and BF4−, indicating a stronger interaction with Zn2+. This concentrated charge effect reduces the number of water molecules in Zn2+ solvation structures. Benefiting from weak solvent structure, the average coulomb efficiency, and cycling stability of the Zn─Cu asymmetric cell using ZnCl2 electrolyte is better. Additionally, the Zn‐NaV3O8 full cell of the ZnCl2 electrolyte exhibits good electrochemical performance.
Nano‐Fat Actuated Lipometabolic Reprogramming of Macrophages for Intracellular Infections in Biofilm Microenvironment
Authors: Liu Quan , Mei Jiawei , Wang Zhengxi , Zhang Xudong , Hu Xianli , Xu Dongdong , Zhou Jun , Li Qianming , Ma Ruixiang , Zhang Xianzuo , Su Zheng , Zhu Wanbo , Zhu Chen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetabolic competition is a zero‐sum game between bacterial biofilms and host immune responses on the surface of medical implants. In an in vitro biofilm‐macrophages co‐culture system, it is found that suppressed lipid metabolic processes in host macrophages in the biofilm microenvironment correlates with immune tolerance and intracellular persistence. Reactivation of immune cells against bacterial infection by reprogramming lipid metabolism through the supply of lipids such as oleic acid (OA) is a promising strategy, but this cannot completely destroy the bacterial biofilms. Nanomaterial‐based zinc ion interference therapy in antibacterial field emerges relying on the outstanding benefits of nanomaterials. Therefore, a targeted nano‐fat HSA‐IR820@OA@ZIF‐8 (HIROZ) with near infrared‐II (NIR‐II) photothermal capacities is developed for the destrcution of the biofilms via zinc ion combined photothermal therapy. The improved cellular compatibility and enhanced intracellular uptake make HIROZ induce intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) formation in macrophages. Photothermal combined zinc ion‐induced metabolic interference augments the antimicrobial effect of LDs and activates lipometabolic reprogramming‐mediated antibacterial immune responses via mitochondrial stress. In the mouse wound biofilm infections model and subcutaneous implant‐associated biofilm infections (IABIs) model, HIROZ demonstrates sustained and thorough biofilm scavenging based on reprogramming of lipid metabolism, providing a new idea for metabolic interference‐centered therapeutic strategies for full‐scale IABIs eliminations.
Apoptosis‐Sensitizing Tumor Nanomedicine by Regulating Pyroptosis‐Associated Inflammatory Cell Death
Authors: Du Fangxue , Zhao Hongxin , Song Yangmeihui , Feng Ziyan , Liu Kai , Wang Ziyao , Guo Ruiqian , Qiu Li , Chen Qiqing , Zhou Liqiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe vigorous development of cancer nanomedicine has revolutionized traditional oncology medicine, but it is also limited by the continuous mutation of cunning cancer cells, leading to apoptosis insensitivity and therapeutic disappointment. Inflammatory‐regulated cell death (RCD), especially pyroptosis‐related cell death, demonstrates huge potential for apoptosis sensitization due to its unique biochemical characteristics. The aim of this research is to present a thorough synopsis of the current knowledge on pyroptosis‐associated inflammatory cell death, including pyroptosis, cuproptosis, and PANoptosis, and the synergistic function in cancer nano therapy. Paradigm studies of pyroptosis‐related cell death‐mediated apoptosis‐sensitizing tumor nanotherapeutics are introduced in detail, and the coordination mechanisms based on nanomaterials are also discussed. In addition, multi‐angle analysis of the future prospects of pyroptosis‐sensitized tumor nanomedicine based on various nanomaterials is also emphasized to further expand the application scope of inflammatory RCD. It is believed that emerging auxiliary apoptosis‐sensitizing treatments based on inflammatory RCD will greatly promote the progress of cancer nanomedicine.