bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Combined Early Cognitive and Physical Rehabilitation Program for People Who Are Critically Ill: The Activity and Cognitive Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit (ACT-ICU) Trial
Authors: Brummel Nathan E. , Jackson James C. , Girard Timothy D. , Pandharipande Pratik P. , Schiro Elena , Work Brittany , Pun Brenda T. , Boehm Leanne , Gill Thomas M. , Ely E. Wesley 
Published: May 2012

Background
In the coming years, the number of survivors of critical illness is expected to increase. These survivors frequently develop newly acquired physical and cognitive impairments. Long-term cognitive impairment is common following critical illness and has dramatic effects on patients' abilities to function autonomously. Neuromuscular weakness affects similar proportions of patients and leads to equally profound life alterations. As knowledge of these short-term and long-term consequences of critical illness has come to light, interventions to prevent and rehabilitate these devastating consequences have been sought. Physical rehabilitation has been shown to improve functional outcomes in people who are critically ill, but subsequent studies of physical rehabilitation after hospital discharge have not. Post-hospital discharge cognitive rehabilitation is feasible in survivors of critical illness and is commonly used in people with other forms of acquired brain injury. The feasibility of early cognitive therapy in people who are critically ill remains unknown.

Objective
The purpose of this novel protocol trial will be to determine the feasibility of early and sustained cognitive rehabilitation paired with physical rehabilitation in patients who are critically ill from medical and surgical intensive care units.

Design
This is a randomized controlled trial.

Setting
The setting for this trial will be medical and surgical intensive care units of a large tertiary care referral center.

Patients
The participants will be patients who are critically ill with respiratory failure or shock.

Intervention
Patients will be randomized to groups receiving usual care, physical rehabilitation, or cognitive rehabilitation plus physical rehabilitation. Twice-daily cognitive rehabilitation sessions will be performed with patients who are noncomatose and will consist of orientation, memory, and attention exercises (eg, forward and reverse digit spans, matrix puzzles, letter-number sequences, pattern recognition). Daily physical rehabilitation sessions will advance patients from passive range of motion exercises through ambulation. Patients with cognitive or physical impairment at discharge will undergo a 12-week, in-home cognitive rehabilitation program.

Measurements
A battery of neurocognitive and functional outcomes will be measured 3 and 12 months after hospital discharge.

Conclusions
If feasible, these interventions will lay the groundwork for a larger, multicenter trial to determine their efficacy.
Single-session and multisession CyberKnife radiosurgery for spine metastases—University of Pittsburgh and Georgetown University experience
Authors: Heron Dwight E. , Rajagopalan Malolan S. , Stone Brandon , Burton Steven , Gerszten Peter C. , Dong Xinxin , Gagnon Gregory J. , Quinn Annette , Henderson Fraser 
Published: May 2012

Object
The authors compared the effectiveness of single-session (SS) and multisession (MS) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of spinal metastases.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective review of the clinical outcomes of 348 lesions in 228 patients treated with the CyberKnife radiosurgery at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Georgetown University Medical Center. One hundred ninety-five lesions were treated using an SS treatment regimen (mean 16.3 Gy), whereas 153 lesions were treated using an MS approach (mean 20.6 Gy in 3 fractions, 23.8 Gy in 4 fractions, and 24.5 Gy in 5 fractions). The primary end point was pain control. Secondary end points included neurological deficit improvement, toxicity, local tumor control, need for retreatment, and overall survival.

Results
Pain control was significantly improved in the SS group (SSG) for all measured time points up to 1 year posttreatment (100% vs 88%, p = 0.003). Rates of toxicity and neurological deficit improvement were not statistically different. Local tumor control was significantly better in the MS group (MSG) up to 2 years posttreatment (96% vs 70%, p = 0.001). Similarly, the need for retreatment was significantly lower in the MSG (1% vs 13%, p < 0.001). One-year overall survival was significantly greater in the MSG than the SSG (63% vs 46%, p = 0.002).

Conclusions
Single-session and MS SRS regimens are both effective in the treatment of spinal metastases. While an SS approach provides greater early pain control and equivalent toxicity, an MS approach achieves greater tumor control and less need for retreatment in long-term survivors.
Burden and outcome of acute copper sulphate poisoning in a teaching hospital
Authors: Mollick SH , Mollick KA , Bakar A , Miah María 
Published: May 2012

Copper sulphate poisoning is the most common poisoning next to organophosphorus poisoning with significant mortality. Gastrointestinal, liver, renal and haematological toxicities are common. A prospective observational study was conducted in department of medicine, KMCH, Khulna during the period of September, 2005 to March, 2007 to observe the presentation and outcome of copper sulphate poisoning. Forty patients with acute copper sulphate poisoning of different age group of both sexes were studied. Patients were evaluated through detailed history, clinical features, laboratory investigations and they were monitored closely at regular interval during hospital stay. Copper sulphate poisoning was found mostly in rural people (85%) and maximum (62.5%) patient were in the young age group of 16-25 yr. All patients had taken it as a suicidal attempt. Almost all patients presented with gastrointestinal symptoms-nausea (100%), vomiting (100%) and abdominal pain (90%). Subsequently hepatic toxicity was manifested by jaundice (32%), yellowish discoloration of urine (35%) which developed usually on the 2nd or 3rd day. Renal toxicities were manifested by oliguria (25%), haematuria (32.5%), albuminuria (30%) and renal dysfunction (30%). 35% of the patients were found to have anemia with Hb below 60%. Eight patients (20%) became unconscious at the terminal stage and died.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmjk.v44i1-2.10468 Bang Med J (Khulna) 2011: 44(1&2) 7-10
Les formes de la délibération interprofessionnelle
Authors: Higelé Jean-Pascal 
Published: May 2012

Résumé La délibération politique sur et dans la protection sociale est marquée par un vocabulaire très présent mais dont les définitions semblent particulièrement flexibles : dialogue social et civil, partenaires sociaux, société civile, gouvernance. Pour autant, la flexibilité sémantique de ces notions ne signifie pas qu'elles sont sans effet pratique.En premier lieu, cet article défend l'idée que le dialogue social et civil, le partenariat social et la gouvernance forment un univers sémantique commun et qu'à ce titre ne sont pas des modèles de délibération étrangers l'un à l'autre. En second lieu il cherche à déconstruire le sens du dialogue et partenariat social et de la gouvernance. L'objectif en est de réinterroger la nature des relations professionnelles au niveau national et interprofessionnel à partir de deux cas ­ l'assurance chômage et l'assurance maladie complémentaire ­ qui donnent sens aux notions de dialogue social dans un cas et de dialogue civil dans l'autre. Ces outils revendiqués de la gouvernance et du partenariat social et civil permettent de montrer les modalités réelles de délibération interprofessionnelle : alors que la gouvernance prétend laisser place à une délibération partagée avec des partenaires sociaux et de la société civile, cet article montre par l'analyse croisée des règles de la délibération politique et des pratiques des acteurs qui en découlent, que la logique même du dialogue social et civil, consubstantielle à la gouvernance, se traduit par un renforcement du poids de l'État dans la délibération politique interprofessionnelle.
Transplanted Mesoangioblasts Require Macrophage IL-10 for Survival in a Mouse Model of Muscle Injury
Authors: Bosurgi Lidia , Corna Gianfranca , Vezzoli Michela , Touvier Thierry , Cossu Giulio , Manfredi Angelo A. , Brunelli Silvia , Rovere-Querini Patrizia 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify whether macrophages influence the fate of transplanted mesoangioblasts—vessel-associated myogenic precursors—in a model of sterile toxin-induced skeletal muscle injury. We have observed that in the absence of macrophages, transplanted mesoangioblasts do not yield novel fibers. Macrophages retrieved from skeletal muscles at various times after injury display features that resemble those of immunoregulatory macrophages. Indeed, they secrete IL-10 and express CD206 and CD163 membrane receptors and high amounts of arginase I. We have reconstituted the muscle-associated macrophage population by injecting polarized macrophages before mesoangioblast injection: alternatively activated, immunoregulatory macrophages only support mesoangioblast survival and function. This action depends on the secretion of IL-10 in the tissue. Our results reveal an unanticipated role for tissue macrophages in mesoangioblast function. Consequently, the treatment of muscle disorders with mesoangioblasts should take into consideration coexisting inflammatory pathways, whose activation may prove crucial for its success.
MAPK Regulation of IL-4/IL-13 Receptors Contributes to the Synergistic Increase in CCL11/Eotaxin-1 in Response to TGF-β1 and IL-13 in Human Airway Fibroblasts
Authors: Zhou Xiuxia , Hu Haizhen , Balzar Silvana , Trudeau John B. , Wenzel Sally E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCCL11/eotaxin-1 is a potent eosinophilic CC chemokine expressed by primary human fibroblasts. The combination of TGF-β1 and IL-13 synergistically increases CCL11 expression, but the mechanisms behind the synergy are unclear. To address this, human airway fibroblast cultures from normal and asthmatic subjects were exposed to IL-13 alone or TGF-β1 plus IL-13. Transcriptional (nuclear run-on) and posttranscriptional (mRNA stability) assays confirmed that transcriptional regulation is critical for synergistic expression of CCL11. TGF-β1 plus IL-13 synergistically increased STAT-6 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and binding to the CCL11 promoter as compared with IL-13 alone. STAT-6 small interfering RNA significantly knocked down both STAT-6 mRNA expression and phosphorylation and inhibited CCL11 mRNA and protein expression. Regulation of the IL-4Rα complex by TGF-β1 augmented IL-13 signaling by dampening IL-13Rα2 expression, overcoming IL-13’s autoregulation of its pathway and enhancing the expression of CCL11. Our data suggest that TGF-β1 induced activation of the MEK/ERK pathway reduces IL-13Rα2 expression induced by IL-13. Thus, TGF-β1, a pleiotropic cytokine upregulated in asthmatic airways, can augment eosinophilic inflammation by interfering with IL-13’s negative feedback autoregulatory loop under MEK/ERK-dependent conditions.
Activated T Cell Exosomes Promote Tumor Invasion via Fas Signaling Pathway
Authors: Cai Zhijian , Yang Fei , Yu Lei , Yu Zhou , Jiang Lingling , Wang Qingqing , Yang Yunshan , Wang Lie , Cao Xuetao , Wang Jianli 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Activated T cells release bioactive Fas ligand (FasL) in exosomes, which subsequently induce self-apoptosis of T cells. However, their potential effects on cell apoptosis in tumors are still unknown. In this study, we purified exosomes expressing FasL from activated CD8+ T cell from OT-I mice and found that activated T cell exosomes had little effect on apoptosis and proliferation of tumor cells but promoted the invasion of B16 and 3LL cancer cells in vitro via the Fas/FasL pathway. Activated T cell exosomes increased the amount of cellular FLICE inhibitory proteins and subsequently activated the ERK and NF-κB pathways, which subsequently increased MMP9 expression in the B16 murine melanoma cells. In a tumor-invasive model in vivo, we observed that the activated T cell exosomes promoted the migration of B16 tumor cells to lung. Interestingly, pretreatment with FasL mAb significantly reduced the migration of B16 tumor cells to lung. Furthermore, CD8 and FasL double-positive exosomes from tumor mice, but not normal mice, also increased the expression of MMP9 and promoted the invasive ability of B16 murine melanoma and 3LL lung cancer cells. In conclusion, our results indicate that activated T cell exosomes promote melanoma and lung cancer cell metastasis by increasing the expression of MMP9 via Fas signaling, revealing a new mechanism of tumor immune escape.
Concise Review: Self-Renewal in the Central Nervous System: Neural Stem Cells from Embryo to Adult
Authors: De Filippis Lidia , Binda Elena 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe recent discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mammalian brain has fostered a plethora of translational and preclinical studies to investigate future therapeutic approaches for the cure of neurodegenerative diseases. These studies are finally at the clinical stage, and some of them are already under way. The definition of a bona fide stem cell has long been the object of much debate focused on the establishment of standard and univocal criteria to distinguish between stem and progenitor cells. It is commonly accepted that NSCs have to fulfill two basic requirements, the capacity for long-term self-renewal and the potential for differentiation, which account for their physiological role, namely central nervous system tissue homeostasis. Strategies such as immortalization or reprogramming of somatic cells to the embryonic-like stage of pluripotency indicate the relevance of extensive self-renewal ability of NSCs either in vitro or in vivo. Moreover, the discovery of stem-like tumor cells in brain tumors, such as gliomas, accompanied by the isolation of these cells through the same paradigm used for related healthy cells, has provided further evidence of the key role that self-renewal plays in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In this review we provide an overview of the current understanding of the self-renewal capacity of nontransformed human NSCs, with or without immortalization or reprogramming, and of stem-like tumor cells, referring to both research and therapeutic studies.
Hydrotalcites Catalyze the Acidolysis Polymerization of Phenolic Acid to Create Highly Heat‐Resistant Bioplastics
Authors: Chauzar Manu , Tateyama Seiji , Ishikura Takanori , Matsumoto Keitaro , Kaneko Daisaku , Ebitani Kohki , Kaneko Tatsuo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAcidolysis polymerization has been used to prepare phenol‐derived polymers such as liquid crystalline (LC) polymers, and is catalyzed by mildly‐alkaline salts. The catalytic effects of hydrotalcites (HTs), which are natural alkalescent minerals with controllable basicity, are investigated on the acidolysis copolymerization of coumarates such as p‐coumaric acid and caffeic acid. As a result, the LC copolymer prepared in the presence of HT with a Mg/Al ratio of 3 shows higher molecular weight values than copolymers prepared in the presence of any other alkalescent salts. On the other hand, the copolymers prepared in the presence of HTs show a clear LC state where the polymer chains are oriented on the surface of the glass fibers. The resin, which is oriented by glass fiber fillers aligning along its longitudinal axis and is annealed at 300 °C for 20 min, shows a softening temperature of 305 °C while keeping a high mechanical strength of 85 MPa and a high mechanical modulus over 1 GPa.
Screening Mesenchymal Stem Cell Attachment and Differentiation on Porous Silicon Gradients
Authors: Wang Peng‐Yuan , Clements Lauren R. , Thissen Helmut , Jane Andrew , Tsai Wei‐Bor , Voelcker Nicolas H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe profound effects that nanoscale surface topography exerts on cell behavior are highly relevant to the development of advanced biomaterials and to advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, an asymmetric anodization procedure is used to produce n‐type porous silicon (pSi) gradients with pore sizes ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers in diameter and changes in the ridge nanoroughness from a few to tens nanometers. Rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) adhere poorly at the regions with small pore size but high ridge roughness. Cell adhesion is increased gradually towards the large pore size but low ridge roughness end of the pSi gradients. Surface topography influences cell differentiation, but not cell proliferation. Osteogenesis of rMSCs is enhanced by porous topography with a ridge roughness lower than 10 nm, while adipogenesis of rMSCs is enhanced on the entire pSi gradient compared with flat Si substrates. The results demonstrate that the gradient format allows in‐depth screening of surface parameters that are important for the control of mammalian cell behavior, thereby advancing the development of new and improved biomaterials for orthopaedic and tissue engineering applications.
Graphene‐Based Materials for Energy Conversion
Authors: Sahoo Nanda Gopal , Pan Yongzheng , Li Lin , Chan Siew Hwa 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWith the depletion of conventional energy sources, the demand for renewable energy and energy‐efficient devices continues to grow. As a novel 2D nanomaterial, graphene attracts considerable research interest due to its unique properties and is a promising material for applications in energy conversion and storage devices. Recently, the fabrication of fuel cells and solar cells using graphene for various functional parts has been studied extensively. This research news summarizes and compares the advancements that have been made and are in progress in the utilization of graphene‐based materials for energy conversion.
Confined and Chemically Flexible Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Compound Semiconductors
Authors: Abou‐Ras Daniel , Schmidt Sebastian S. , Caballero Raquel , Unold Thomas , Schock Hans‐Werner , Koch Christoph T. , Schaffer Bernhard , Schaffer Miroslava , Choi Pyuck‐Pa , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGrain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films exhibit only slightly enhanced recombination, as compared with the grain interiors, allowing for very high power‐conversion efficiencies of more than 20% in the corresponding solar‐cell devices. This work highlights the specific compositional and electrical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 GBs by application of appropriate subnanometer characterisation techniques: inline electron holography, electron energy‐loss spectroscopy, and atom‐probe tomography. It is found that changes of composition at the GBs are confined to regions of only about 1 nm in width. Therefore, these compositional changes are not due to secondary phases but atomic or ionic redistribution within the atomic planes close to the GBs. For different GBs in the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film investigated, different atomic or ionic redistributions are also found. This chemical flexibility makes polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films particularly suitable for photovoltaic applications.
Estimated burden of disease attributable to selected occupational exposures in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Folley Tiina J. , Nylander‐French Leena A. , Joubert Darren M. , Gibson Jacqueline MacDonald 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundAs part of an effort to strengthen occupational safety and health programs, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) commissioned a study to estimate the burden of disease attributable to occupational exposure to carcinogens, particulate matter, and noise.MethodsWe developed an innovative simulation model to estimate the occupational disease burden and facilitate future assessments as more field‐based quantitative data become available.ResultsWe determined that, in 2008, an estimated 46 deaths (95% CI: 27–71) and 17,000 health‐care facility visits (95% CI: 16,000–18,000), along with 4,500 cases of noise‐induced hearing loss, were attributable to the occupational risk factors covered in this study. Lung cancer and leukemia were associated with the highest number of deaths (38), whereas asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease contributed most to the health‐care facility visits (nearly 16,900). The highest estimated occupational disease burden is in construction.ConclusionThese results will help the UAE to institute new policies for environment, health, and safety management. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:940–952, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brønsted Acid Activation Strategy in Transition‐Metal Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of N‐Unprotected Imines, Enamines, and N‐Heteroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Yu Zhengkun , Jin Weiwei , Jiang Quanbin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAsymmetric hydrogenation plays an important role in organic synthesis, but that of the challenging substrates such as N‐unprotected imines, enamines, and N‐heteroaromatic compounds (1H‐indoles, 1H‐pyrroles, pyridines, quinolines, and quinoxalines) has only received increased attention in the past three years. Considering the interaction modes of a Brønsted acid with a Lewis base, Brønsted acids may be used as the ideal activators of CN bonds. This Minireview summarizes the recent advances in transition‐metal‐catalyzed, Brønsted acid activated asymmetric hydrogenation of these challenging substrates, thus offering a promising substrate activation strategy for transformations involving CN bonds.
Microcellular extrusion of PLA utilizing solid‐state nucleation in the gas‐saturated pellet extrusion process
Authors: Miller Dustin , Kumar Vipin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this study, we explore the use of solid‐state nucleation in polymer pellets as a means to create microcellular PLA foams in extrusion. This is achieved by using gas‐saturated PLA pellets as input to the extruder. Foam density, bubble size, and bubble density is reported and compared with microcellular foams created in the gas‐injection extrusion process. PLA pellet gas concentrations between 17 and 29 mg CO2/g PLA was found to produce quality microcellular foams in this process. Gas concentrations within this range were achieved by varying methods that included partial saturation, desorption from full saturation, and blending saturated with unsaturated pellets. This gas concentration window that produced microcellular foams was found to be independent of the saturation and desorption process used to achieve the desired concentration. We further compare the pressure drop and pressure drop rate of the gas‐saturated pellet extrusion process showing that similar foams can be produced at pressures orders of magnitude lower than the alternative gas‐injection extrusion processes. Investigations into extrusion pressures support the hypothesis that the gas‐saturated pellet extrusion process utilizes solid‐state nucleation in the feed section of the extruder to achieve high bubble density foams. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013