bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instrumented penetrators may explore Martian subsurface
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A geology‐oriented Mars mission in 1984 may carry instrumented penetrators to explore the Martian subsurface. Drawing heavily on high‐speed earth penetration studies from nuclear weapons studies, Sandia Laboratories scientists have completed preliminary development and testing of instrumented penetrators which can be landed from orbiting spacecraft.The original terradynamic vehicles have been fired into virtually all types of earth materials including water, ice, sand, mud, permafrost, clay, sandstone, and granite. Penetrators have been used to measure sea ice and ocean sediments and to emplace seismic and acoustic intrusion sensors. The preliminary planetary lander penetrator design was based on use of a Pioneer spacecraft; however, the penetrators could be carried by most current spacecraft.
Space Program Funding to Total $35 Billion for FY 1977–1981
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Funding of the U.S. space programs will total almost $35 billion–$25.5 billion from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and $9.4 billion in Department of Defense appropriations —for fiscal years 1977–1981, according to a new market study.The study projects only slight growth in NASA space appropriations but substantial increases in Department of Defense spending during FY1977–1981. Research spending by the National Science Foundation, the Energy Research and Development Administration, and other agencies will be $7.3 billion for the study period, growing at an estimated rate of 4% yearly from $1.3 billion in FY 1977.
JILA Awarding Fellowships
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA) will award some10 visiting fellowships for 1978–1979 to scientists with extensive research experience.JILA's primary interests include atomic and molecular structure and collisions, the chemistry of small molecules, laser physics and precision measurements, spectroscopy and spectral line broadening, solar physics, stellar atmospheres, stellar stability, the interstellar medium, and geophysics.
Marine and atmospheric studies institute formed
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have established a Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) at the oceanographic complex on Virginia Key in Miami, Florida.Intended to serve as a focal point for concentrated research on specific scientific problems of the ocean and atmosphere, CIMAS will address oceanic influences on the earth's climate over periods of seasons, years, and decades as its first assignment.
The AGI minority scholarship program: A letter to the AGU membership
Authors: Bescher Earl H. 
Published: October 2011

Because you are a contributor to the American Geological Institute Minority Scholarship Program, I want to take this opportunity to report to you on the activities relative to the scholarship recipients for the1977–1978 academic year. I also want to thank you again for your financial assistance toward helping qualified minority students who are striving for a degree in the geosciences.The Advisory Committee to this program met in March to review all received scholarship applications. At this meeting I was able to certify a sum of $50,000 as available for scholarship aid. This sum was a 26%increase over the previous year. As a result, a total of 57 geoscience students were awarded assistance, which was a 35% increase over the previous year.
Report of the 1977 Spring Meeting
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The 1977 Spring Meeting was held in Washington, D.C, at the Sheraton‐Park Hotel from May 30 to June 3. Approximately 1370 papers were presented, an increase of 340 over the 1976 Spring Meeting.Total registration was 2,334, of whom 1617 were members, 376 were students, and 341 were nonmembers. A concerted membership drive brought in 206 new members during the meeting.The meeting summary program, including abstracts of papers presented,was published in the June 1977 issue of EOS, pages 360–549. The present report includes program changes and postdeadline and revised abstracts.
Federal educational funding
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A report showing the distribution of federal funding for institutions of higher education and for selected nonprofit institutions has been released by the National Science Foundation (NSF).Entitled ‘Federal Support to Universities, Colleges, and Selected Nonprofit Institutions, Fiscal Year 1975’ (NSF 77‐311), the report analyzes data on money obligated to each institution by 14 agencies of the federal government with substantial programs in support of higher education.
U.S./Soviet manned space flight cooperation extended
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the USSR Academy of Sciences have agreed on further cooperation in manned space flight. Three joint working groups will prepare recommendations for two new programs, one dealing with orbital manned flight activities and the other with a possible international space station.The first working group will begin studies on scientific and applications programs that may be conducted in joint operations of the American Space Shuttle and the Soviet Salyut space station in the early 1980's. The joint working group, whose task is to conduct a series of phased studies 01 an international space platform, does not limit either nation from proceeding with its independent space station interests.
Water resource policy study
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Recommended reforms in water resource policy were due last month. The President directed the Water Resources Council (WRC), the Office of Management and Budget, and the Council on Environmental Quality to review existing water resources policy and recommend reforms. Secretary of the Interior Cecil D. Andrus, in his capacity as Chairman of the WRC, led the study effort in melding the Policy Committee's recommendations with public and congressional input.The nine points considered in the six‐month study were (1) revision of WRC principles and standards, (2) deauthorization of old water projects, (3) increased cost sharing by nonfederal entities, (4) reforms of law, regulations, and practices governing water allocation, (5) wise use of water, (6) quantification of Indian and federal reserved water rights, (7) evaluation of water quality with conventional water resources allocation and development, (8) improved dam safety, and (9) increased water conservation.
National chemistry computer facility established
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Resource for Computation in Chemistry (NRCC) is operating at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) in California. This major facility provides advanced computer hardware and specialized software to solve research problems for chemists. Using LBL's existing computer center, NRCC staff can document, test, and improve software, develop new computational methods, design specialized hardware and software particularly suited to solving problems of interest to chemists, and conduct chemical and computational research.NRCC is available to chemists from academic institutions as well as industrial and governmental laboratories for basic research in chemical kinetics, crystallography, macromolecular science, nonnumerical methods, physical organic chemistry, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, and energy systems.
U.S.‐Japanese scientists plan meteorite search in Antarctica
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

This year's Antarctic research program includes a joint U.S.‐Japanese search for meteorites that may yield information about radiation in space during past geologic ages. Besides revealing more about cosmic ray intensity in the distant past, the metorites will help scientists determine the rate of ice movement in Antarctica and the age of the continental ice cap. Carbonaceous meteorites found in Antarctica would be especially valuable because they could provide a glimpse into extraterrestrial organic chemistry never before possible.The group of American and Japanese meteoriticists includes William A. Cassidy from the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh and Brian H. Mason from the Division of Meteorites of the Smithsonian Institution. The Japanese group is headed by Keizo Yanai, meteorite curator of the National Institute of Polar Research in Tokyo. Dr. Cassidy was a member of the U.S.‐Japanese team which discovered the largest meteorite ever found in Antarctica; the meteorite weighed in at 407 kg.
Drought raising nitrate level in crops
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Dry weather, which has cut crop production in many areas, also raises the potential for nitrate poisoning of livestock, according to veterinary authorities at Colorado State University. Nitrates can accumulate in plants during hot dry weather. The plants that survive a drought may suddenly accumulate high nitrate levels after a rain. CSU's William Brown noted that a survey in the Colorado area, for example, revealed nitrate levels as high as 3.4%, a toxic level, in stocks of drought‐affected corn.Brown concluded that pastures suspected of being high in nitrates should be tested before grazing and that, even if the analysis is negative, a few animals should be allowed to graze as a test before turning out the remainder of the herd.
Multichannel CDP seismic reflection data acquired
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Geophysical and Solar‐Terrestrial Data Center has recently acquired more than 3400 nautical miles of multichannel common depth point (CDP) seismic reflection data in Alaskan offshore waters.CDP seismic sections are available for a number of survey lines in the Gulf of Alaska, Cook Inlet, and the southeast Bering Sea. In general, the following formats are available: sections and location maps, in sepia or black line; velocity profiles and observer logs, on 35‐mm microfilm; and technical report, shot‐point locations, on microfiche.
New still on the market
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A new low‐cost multipurpose still useful for water, waste water, or sludge sample preparation or other general laboratory applications has been introduced by Hach Chemical Company. Hach's Universal Still pretreats samples for any of the following tests: fluoride, cyanide, arsenic, selenium, phenols, volatile acids, and nitrogen (both albuminoid and ammonia).The instrument combines a temperature‐ controlled fast‐acting heating mantle and interchangeable glassware assemblies with a simple set‐up. The glassware is fastened to illustrated back panels that slide into the fiberglass base. There are three back panel/glassware assemblies to choose from: general purpose, arsenic, and cyanide.
New standard reference material for drinking water
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Assuring the purity of drinking water in the nation's 250,000 public water systems will be easier with a new standard reference material (SRM) developed at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS).SRM 1643, Trace Elements in Water, was prepared by using highpurity water and 23 elements to simulate the elemental composition of natural freshwater. Seventeen elements have been certified in concentrations at the nanogram per gram (part per billion) level. They are silver, aluminum, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, molybdenum, manganese, nickel, lead, selenium, strontium, vanadium, and zinc. The concentrations of two others, barium and mercury, are not certified, but are listed for information only.
First light expected at multiple‐mirror telescope
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

This spring the multiple‐mirror telescope (MMT) at the University of Arizona (UA) will receive ‘first light.’ This $8 million experiment in ground‐based astronomy combines light gathered by six identical 72‐inch mirrors to provide the light‐gathering capacity of a single 175‐inch mirror at about half the cost.If the MMT is successful, others could be built that would exceed the 236‐inch telescope, the largest single reflector that has yet been built.
President's Page: AGU, 1978
Authors: Ragan Robert M. , Holoviak Judy C. 
Published: October 2011

January 1, 1978, the long‐awaited, much‐debated revision of the U.S. copyright law became effective. The new law is strongly proauthor in all aspects. Authors' rights that previously were recognized only by common law now have statutory protection; specifically, the author's copyright is protected by statute from the moment of creation of the work and is not dependent on publication. Furthermore, the law requires specific and formal transfer of rights from the author to anyone desiring to reproduce the work in any form.This requirement for formal transfer simply underscores the proprietary rights of the author and is a fair and just provision of the law where an author's livelihood is at stake. However, the provision could cripple the wide dissemination of scientific information. There are many questions about how strictly some clauses of the law will be interpreted by the courts. But some of the practices that have become a necessary part of the science information system that could be hampered by provisions in the new law are indexing and abstracting services, cover‐to‐cover and single‐article translations, republishing in different media, and photocopying beyond that allowed by the strict limits of the law. In short, the law seems to say that specific rights from the author will be required for any reproduction other than the onetime use implied by the author's original submission of his work for consideration by a publisher.
Dams avert mudflows in Soviet Union
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Soviet experiments have shown that disasters brought on by massive slides of mud after heavy mountain rains or rapid snowmelt may be averted. A constant watch on water levels in mountain rivers provides early warning of sharp water level rises. Morainal lakes, often the source of mudflows, are also watched carefully.Man‐made springboards can help mudflows actually jump over roads until they can be stopped further down stream by other protective devices or dams such as the one built in the pastures of Medeo to protect Alma Ata, the capital of Kazakhstan, a Soviet Asian republic.
Geosciences Career Planning Program for women available
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Women Geoscientists Committee (WGC) of the American Geological Institute (AGI) has a valuable new recruiting resource available for upper‐level undergraduate and graduate women.The Career Planning Program consists of a 30‐minute color slide show with accompanying script on career opportunities in academic institutions, government, and industry. It includes a summary of AGI‐WGC employment statistics and comments and suggestions from women geoscientists on a variety of career paths.
Scientists and government
Authors: Ray Dixy Lee 
Published: October 2011

I am here to extend you a warm welcome to our state and our community. I can think of no other circumstances in which an old marine biologist would be invited to address such a distinguished meeting of physical scientists. However, my real pleasure is in being able to represent all the citizens of our state and to say to you that we are delighted that when, for the first time in 14 years, you scheduled a major assembly in the United States, you chose the state of Washington, the city of Seattle, and the University of Washington as your meeting place.I believe that your choice of Washington was especially appropriate for two associations that deal with studies of the earth and the atmosphere, because within the boundaries of our state we have a land of great interest and diversity. A volcanic mountain chain, a beautiful inland sea, a forest of the temperate zone unique on this continent, ice‐carved valleys, and large rivers all contribute to a unique natural setting.
Mount Baker update: Washington volcano still steaming
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Mount Baker, the 10,800‐ft volcano in northwest Washington State which showed signs of renewed life in 1975, now seems less likely to erupt, according to the U.S. Geological Survey, although the volcano continues to emit steam. David Frank, geologist with the USGS Tacoma, Washington, office, said that some fumaroles in Sherman Crater near the crest increased their activity slightly after 1975, but emissions from other fumaroles have decreased in quantity or temperature.‘Overall,’ Frank said, ‘thermal activity at the volcano seems to be remaining at about the level developed so dramatically in 1975, but as far as we can tell, the activity has not shown any signs of increasing.’
Wintertime seesaw reported
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The atmospheric ‘seesaw’ between Greenland and northern Europe was more responsible for last winter's record cold in the eastern United States than any possible anthropogenic causes, according to a report at the 1977 AGU Fall Meeting.Jeffery Rogers of the University of Colorado's Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research and Harry VanLoon of the National Center for Atmospheric Research reported that the wintertime climate of the entire northern hemisphere responds when the atmospheric seesaw modes are occurring as a result of fluctuations in the Icelandic low or Icelandic cyclone, a major atmospheric surface pressure system often noted on monthly average pressure maps. On the average this cyclone alternates between deep and shallow states in a period of just over 2 years. The pressure distribution over the entire hemisphere, particularly near the position of the North Pacific or Aleutian low, responds at the same time.
Sixth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
Authors: Acharya H. K. 
Published: October 2011

There has been an increasing awareness of seismic hazards over the years, in part due to the increasing complexity of modern society and the recent occurrence of several destructive earthquakes. About 20% of the papers presented at the Sixth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, which was held in New Delhi, India, from January 10 to 14, 1977, dealt with seismicity, ground motion, recent destructive earthquakes, instrumentation, and seismic zoning.The principal focus of these deliberations was the study of ground motion due to an earthquake. The design and construction of major engineering facilities sucjh as dams, pipelines, stnd nuclear power plants require a specification of ground motion. Consequently, seismologists are called upon to predict ground motion at a particular site of interest. Prediction for engineering purposes implies prediction of amplitude, frequency content, and duration of ground motion. Consequently, in the last few years, various parameters which can affect the severity of ground motion have been studied. The severity of ground motion at a place will be clearly influenced by the nature and degree of seismic activity in the area, transmission path, and local geology. Thus the central theme of this conference was to identify parameters which affect ground motion and, if possible, establish mathematical and statistical models for its prediction.
NBS detects new molecule important in smog formation
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Dioxirane, the simplest member of an entirely new class of organic compounds, was recently detected in air pollution studies by scientists of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). Dioxirane is a three‐membered ring compound, but the two hydrogens are bonded to the outside of the ring.NBS physicists Richard D. Suenram and Frank J. Lovas detected dioxirane using low‐temperature microwave spectroscopy while they were studying the mechanism of a key reaction between ozone and ethylene in the chemistry of photochemical smog formation. They discovered that dioxirane is formed as an intermediate in the ozone‐ethylene reaction. The most likely reason for its never having been observed before is that it has an extremely short lifetime at normal temperatures and quickly collapses to its nonring form, the dioxymethane radical (H2COO). The low temperatures of the NBS experiment stabilized the compound long enough for it to be detected.
Pioneer 11 will fly outside rings of Saturn
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

NASA's Pioneer 11 will fly just outside the rings of Saturn during the first encounter with that planet in 1979. This decision was announced recently by Noel Hinners, NASA Associate Administrator, and A. Thomas Young, Director of Planetary Programs.The Pioneer spacecraft will pass 30,000 km from the edge of the outer ring and will swing in, under the ring plane, to a distance of 25,000 km from the surface of Saturn. The chances of surviving this outside pass are estimated to be much greater than those of surviving an inside pass, which would have brought Pioneer as close as 6000 km to the planet.
U.S. earthquake research efforts will double
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Earthquake research by the U.S. Geological Survey will more than double during the current budget year. According to Robert M. Hamilton, chief of the Office of Earthquake Studies at the USGS National Center in Reston, Virginia, ‘The large increase in the Nation's earthquake research budget reflects heightened concern over the potentially disastrous consequences of future major earthquakes in the United States.’The concern is shared widely, as is evidenced by the recent passage and enactment of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977. The act, which recognizes the major roles to be undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Science Foundation, directs the establishment of a National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program and authorizes direct appropriation to the two agencies.
Geomagnetic field‐climate relationship studied
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Is there a relationship between regional geomagnetic field changes and climate during the twentieth century? Many researchers have pursued this line of questioning since Paul Damon of the University of Arizona reported finding a relationship between radiocarbon in the atmosphere and the global geomagnetic field intensity.He showed that as the geomagnetic field increased, the amount of carbon 14 in the atmosphere decreased. As somewhat of a side issue, Damon presented a curve showing how temperature has changed in the past 8000 years but concluded that the temperature change had only a minor effect on the carbon 14 concentration in the atmosphere.
Gate data show feedback effects of latent heat
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Richard J. Reed of the University of Washington recently reported finding a close relationship between disturbances in large‐scale easterly air currents and smaller‐scale lines of showers and thundershowers over the tropical Atlantic. This may verify the belief that the heat released in clouds as water vapor condenses produces a feedback effect that intensifies the bigger weather pattern that controlled the development of the clouds in the first place.‘This interactive or cooperative process between the large‐ and small‐scale systems over the tropical oceans must be represented properly in computerized weather forecasts if progress is to be made on a number of important problems, including the prediction of hurricane development,’ Reed said.