bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Geological Structure of Ben Lawers and Meall Corranaich, (Perthshire)
Authors: Elles Gertrude Lilian 
Published: October 2009

The present paper may be said to deal in particular with Ben Lawers and Meall Corranaich, and in general with the whole of the Ben-Lawers range lying between the Bridge-of-Balgie Fault on the east, and the Loch-Tay Fault on the west; for, while the structures seen on those two mountains are undoubtedly typical, certain features there observed only attain their full significance when viewed in the light of what is seen elsewhere on the range.
The area is one of considerable relief, the range reaching its highest elevation in Ben Lawers (3984 feet), and having many summits above the 3000-foot level: it is deeply dissected by several glens, such as Glen Lochay, the Pass over to Glen Lyon west of Beinn Ghlas (Lochan-na-Larig Pass), and those occupied by the Allt Tuim Bhric (Carie Burn), and the Lawers Burn, on the south side; while on the north side of the range there are the Gleann Allt Da Eig and the Gleann Allt Chobhair.
The district was first surveyed by J. S. Grant Wilson, and his results, published on the 1-inch maps of the Geological Survey of Scotland (Sheets 46 & 47), afford much food for thought to later workers, who must always be grateful to these pioneers in mapping. No official description has, however, appeared, although we have been told by M. Macgregor that ‘it has long attracted the attention of geologists from its apparently obvious synclinal structure and from the possibility of its furnishing a clue to the structure of
Species of
Lepidocyclina
and
Carpenteria
from the Cayman Islands, and their Geological Significance
Authors: Vaughan Thomas Wayland 
Published: October 2009

During the spring of 1924 Dr. C. A. Matley sent to the United States National Museum specimens of larger foraminifera and corals collected by him in the Cayman Islands. A few months later the collection was forwarded to me for examination and report, and in July, 1924, I sent to Dr. Matley a preliminary report. Nothing more regarding the corals need be said than was contained in my report to him; but it is desirable to accord more detailed treatment to the foraminifera, because the species represented, though already known, have not been adequately described and figured in any prior publication, and, in this connexion, an opportunity is offered to make clear a part of the basis of the correlation of an important geological horizon in the Gulf and Caribbean region of America. It is also pertinent to discuss a part of the technique in the study of larger foraminifera, and perhaps thereby render assistance to those who are studying the group, but have not yet become proficient.
Since this paper is intended primarily as a contribution to geological correlation, a note on what I have considered the proper procedure in the study of the American Tertiary formations may be appropriate. It is my belief that the first endeavour should be the correlation of the American deposits among themselves, and that, after this object has been achieved, correlation with more distant regions should be undertaken. Knowledge of the many horizons recognizable in the American Tertiary deposits is very inadequate, notwithstanding
Anthracopupa Britannica
sp. nov., a Land Gastropod from the Red Beds of the Uppermost Coal-Measures of Northern Worcestershire
Authors: Reginald Leslie 
Published: October 2009

This paper records for the first time the occurrence of representatives of the Gastropod Order Pulmonata in the Carboniferous rocks of this country. Although several species of the group have been known for many years from rocks of Upper Devonian and Carboniferous age in North America, the only previous record from the Palæozoic rocks of Europe is that of one species, represented by a single fragmentary specimen, from the Lower Permian of France (see p. 405).
The specimens which are the subject of this paper were discovered by Mr. W. Wickham King, F.G.S., in January, 1924; I must express my appreciation of his kindness, both in inviting me to undertake their description, and in furnishing all the stratigraphical and other particulars of their occurrence. The shells described have been presented by him to the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural History), a second series having been given to the Geological Survey.
For other information I am indebted to Mr. E. G. Carruthers, Mr. J. Pringle, Prof. P. Pruvost, Dr. A. E. Trueman, and Mr. T. H. Whitehead.
The localities to which reference will be made all lie on the northern slope of Clent Hill, in Northern Worcestershire (about 10 miles west-south-west of Birmingham), and are shown on the accompanying sketch-map (p. 402). The geological details in the map are a rather diagrammatic presentation of the results of recent mapping by Mr. King, but the Geological Survey 6-inch map (Worcs. 9 N.E.), published in 1924, should also be consulted, since
Stratigraphical Note
Authors: Fearnsides William George 
Published: October 2009

Direct paæontological evidence for the determination of the exact zonal horizon of the Garth Grit, with its phosphate-masses. deposited in skeletons of Bolopora zmdosa, is not yet forthcoming. Across the Ffestiniog country the outcrop of the Garth Grit has been traced for at least 10 miles, but it nowhere appears as a continuous bed. In patches it is repeated by strike-faulting, and alternatively for hundreds of yards it is pinched out altogether. Nowhere is it more than 50 feet thick, and where it is thickest there is abundant evidence of shearing and gliding along the bedding-planes which separate successive massive beds. There is also abundant evidence at these localities that all or some of the beds have been reduplicated by minor thrusting. Bryn Glas and the quarry at Croes-y-Ddwy-Afon are both localities where the grit-beds have been piled together by series of reduplicating thrust-planes, and it is under these complex masses of grit that the slate-exploiters have opened their quarry-chambers ‘under the hard’. These are the only localities from which phosphate-masses and ‘nodules’ fresh enough to retain conclusive evidence of their bryozoal structure have yet been collected. The best specimens are from the roofs of those chambers which are near the lateral margins of the ‘schuppen’ lenticles.
Under these conditions all the larger grit-particles, pebbles, and phosphate-masses have adjusted their position within the slaty matrix, and have set their long axes end on to the direction of movement. In the phosphate-bearing conglomerate, the rock has in fact a marked polarity,
The Junction-Bed of the Middle and Upper Lias on the Dorset Coast
Authors: Jackson James Frederick 
Published: October 2009

The object of this communication is to amplify and correct certain descriptions and sections of the Junction-Bed of the Middle and Upper Lias near Eypesmouth on the coast of Dorset, which I contributed as an appendix to Mr. S. S. Buckman's recent paper on Jurassic chronology.
On the Dorset coast the long time-gap between the top of the Domerian, in the Middle Lias, and the base of the Yeovilian, or Bridport Sands, in the Upper Lias, is represented by only a few feet of strata, and these vary greatly from section to section and even within a few yards. These few feet constitute the Junction-Bed, and fossils collected inch by inch in the different exposures show that, although all the hemeræ recognized by Mr. Buckman as filling this gap have not been found, yet representatives of many hemerae occur, some in one exposure and some in another, and always in their appropriate order; so that it is fair to assume that the period was one of continual oscillation and penecontemporaneous erosion, and that the strata present a succession of non-sequences. At least in one exposure, at Watton Cliff, a considerable non-sequence can be directly demonstrated in a single block; here a bed belonging to a definite horizon thins out completely between two beds of respectively earlier and later dates.
In order to make clear how much of the supposed complete sequence is represented and when the non-sequences occur, the following table is given, showing all the horizons of this date
A Revision of the British Carboniferous Murchisoniidæ, with Notes on their Distribution and Descriptions of some New Species
Authors: Longstaff Jane 
Published: October 2009

In previous papers I have described many members of the Murchisoniidæ. Here I am referring briefly to the chief characteristics of some of the genera and subgenera into which this family has been divided, also indicating the holotypes and recording additional localities in numerous instances. Besides this, I am describing and figuring six new species and one variety, and noting the occurrence in the British Isles (as well as figuring) five species which were previously described by L. G. de Koninck in Belgium. One of the latter was entered in a list by the late Prof. T. McKenny Hughes, but no figure was given.
Altogether, fifty-two species and one variety are recorded from the British Isles, and of these seventeen are common to Belgium.

Sixteen species and one variety are referred to
Murchisonia
sensu stricto, three to
Aclisoides
, four to
Cerithioides
, one to
Caliendrum
, three to
Pithodea
, and twenty-five to
Hypergonia
. The greatest number has been found in Scotland (namely: thirty-one and one variety), and twenty of these appear so far to be confined to that country. It has been pointed out, when describing
Aclisina
, how wonderfully well preserved are the Scottish shells, and many have a texture and creamy coloration similar to those of much more recent age. On the whole, they are smaller than their representatives in other countries, but there are exceptions to this: for instance,
Murchisonia fusiformis
Phillips,
Hypergonia conula
, and
Aclisoides striatula
nearly equal in size specimens from Yorkshire, Poolvash, and Visé.

Nine specimens have
The Geology of the Suk: Hills (Kenya Colony)
Authors: Glenday Vincent G. , Parkinson John 
Published: October 2009

The district here included in the name ‘Suk Hills’ forms the north-western corner of Kenya Colony; on the west lies the volcanic chain of the Karamoja region of Uganda, including Mount Elgon, Mount Debasien, and Mount Moroto; on the east are the Suk Plains, bordering the south-western side of the more southerly part of Lake Rudolf (fig. 1, p. 587).
It comprises the northern end of the highlands of Cherangani and the Suk Mountains, the continuation of the great scarp which, extending from the Dodinga Hills to the River Turkwal, forms the watershed between Lake Rudolf and the Nile, and maintains an unbroken continuity until it is cut by the celebrated Turkwal Gorge, which allows the head-waters of the Swam, collected on the slopes of Mount Elgon, a passage to Lake Rudolf. On the south the Murun River, part of the system of the We we, deeply incises the northern slopes of the Cherangani Hills.
Between the Turkwal and the Murun Rivers rises Sekerr, to a height of 10,910 feet.
The general character of this high ground can be illustrated by clenching the right hand, with the exception of the forefinger and thumb. With these two fully extended and the palm of the hand placed downwards on the table, the first joint of the forefinger represents the Turkwal Gorge, the other two joints the Chemerongi or Northern Suk Hills, the clenched knuckles the Cheptulel Escarpment, the back of the hand the Cherangani Hills, and the inner surface of the thumb
The Carboniferous Limestone (Avonian) Succession of a portion of the North Crop of the South Wales Coalfield
Authors: George Thomas Neville 
Published: October 2009

The Avonian rocks in the area described form a narrow belt of country on the north-western border of the South Wales Coalfield, extending for a distance of some 30 miles from Kidwelly on the west to Penwyllt (Tawe Valley) on the east (figs. 1 & 2, facing p. 40). The Limestone has a predominantly southward and south-eastward dip, and the outcrop is rarely more than half a mile wide, except at a few localities in the Black Mountains where the dip is low. The outcrop is the continuation across Carmarthen Bay of the Limestone of North Pembrokeshire, and the succession presents greater resemblances to the rocks of that area than to the nearer Limestone outcrop of Gower.
The North Crop of the South Wales Coalfield is the only extensive area in South Wales in which the Avonian rocks have not been zonally described. The South Crop has in part been described by Dr. F. Dixey & Dr. T. F. Sibly (1917, p. 111); the Gower area by Mr. E. E. L. Dixon & the late Dr. A. Vaughan (1911, p. 477); and the Pembrokeshire area by the Officers of the Geological Survey (1914, p. 126 & 1921, p. 64), Mr. Dixon's recent account of South Pembrokeshire being a brilliant example of the application of Vaughan's zones.
The present communication is an attempt to fill, in part, the hiatus in our knowledge of the Avonian of the South-Western Province, by describing in terms of Vaughan's zones a portion of the Limestone
A Revision of the Non-Marine Lamellibranchs of the Coal Measures, and a Discussion of their Zonal Sequence
Authors: Davies John Henry , Trueman Arthur Elijah 
Published: October 2009

The present paper deals with those Coal Measure lamellibranchs that are referred to the genera
Carbonicola, Anthracomya
, and
Naiadites
. These genera are represented at many horizons in the Coal Measures of Western Europe; they are now generally regarded as being of estuarine or freshwater habit, and it may be considered as established that they are not ordinarily associated with any of the marine forms which are found at certain horizons in the Coal Measures.

In this country the most important advances in the study of these shells resulted from the work of the late Dr. Wheelton Hind (1893, 1894–96, 1904), who systematized the classification, and demonstrated the utility of various species in correlating coal-seams and in zoning the Coal Measures, especially of Staffordshire.
Wheelton Hind published a critical bibliography of these shells in 1894, and it is therefore unnecessary to repeat here the history of research before that date. Reference is incidentally made to subsequent publications in the following pages, but it may briefly be noted that, apart from notable contributions by the late John Ward (1905), Dr. H. Bolton (1911, 1915), and others, the use of these shells in the correlation of the Coal Measures has been neglected in this country until recent years. It has been suggested that, for various reasons, they are less reliable in zoning than the plants.
Owing to the labours of Hind and Ward, the sequence of these mollusca has been better known in the North Staffordshire coalfield than in any other British coalfield;
The Petrography of the Austral or Tubuai Islands (Sourthern Pacific)
Authors: Chubb Lawrence John , Smith Walter Campbell 
Published: October 2009

I. Introduction.

The following account of the petrography of the islands of Rapa and Rurutu in the Austral Group is based on the collections made by one of us in April and May 1925 during the
St. George
Expedition to the Southern Pacific. A general account of the geology of these islands has already been given by one of us (Chubb, 1927), and references to previous literature will be found in that paper.

In Rapa the district most thoroughly worked was that between Mount Vairu and Mount Taga and the head of the harbour, though collections were made from many other parts of the island. In Rurutu only the area between Moerai Bay and the districts of u and Avera was explored.
The few occurrences of sedimentary rocks have been described in the paper already mentioned. A brief account will be given of the pyroclastic rocks which were found at a few localities, after which the small intrusions and the volcanic rocks, forming the main bulk of the island, will be described in detail. The volcanic rocks are often deeply weathered to a red clay, especially in the higher parts of Rurutu, where no expesures of fresh rock were found above 600 feet. Elsewhere, however, exposures of unweathered rocks are fairly common, and the rocks selected for description are remarkably fresh and very suitable for chemical and petrographical study.
II. Rapa
Pyroclastic Rocks.
A brown-drab basalt-breccia [840] containing numerous crystals of augite (5 mm. long) and small olivines, in a
The Silurian Inlier of Woolhope, Herefordshire
Authors: Gardiner Charles Irving 
Published: October 2009

The Silurian inlier of Woolhope is taken in this paper to include the tract of country, almost elliptical in outline, from Mordiford on the west to Putley Court on the east and from Stoke Edith on the north to Sollers Hope on the south.
From this area a narrow belt of Silurian rocks extends some 6 miles in a south-south-easterly direction to Aston Ingham, where it meets the May Hill Silurian inlier.
The Woolhope area lies about 5 miles to the west of the Malvern Silurian rocks, and is 22 miles south-south-east of the town of Ludlow, while Aymestry lies some 20 miles away to the north-west.
The higher Silurian deposits in the Ludlow neighbourhood, from the Aymestry Limestone to their summit, were described by Miss Elles & Miss Slater in 1905, while an account of the Lower Ludlow Beds was given by Dame E. M. R. Shakespear (Miss. Wood) in 1900, and in her paper the beds of that age extending from near Ludlow to Aymestry are described.
The May Hill area was described by me in 1920. Since the Geological Survey Memoir of 1848 no revision of the Woolhope district has been carried out, although there are references to visits paid to it in the Proceedings of the Woolhope Club.
The area described in this paper measures about 6 miles from north-north-west to south-south-east, and about 4 miles at right angles to that direction in its widest part.
Speaking generally, the area may be considered as made up
The Structural Relations of the Mourne Granites, Northern Ireland
Authors: Richey James Ernest 
Published: October 2009

The Mourne Mountains rise abruptly from sea-level south of Newcastle, Co. Down, on a front of 5 miles, and extend westwards as a conspicuous range of peaks and ridges for some 13 miles to the neighbourhood of Rostrevor. They are formed mainly of granite, with foothills to north, west, and south-west composed of contact-hardened Silurian shales. To the south-east a gently sloping plain lies between the granite hills and the Irish Sea.
During field-work in 1925 it was found that the massif included more than one granite intrusion. At least four distinct intrusions, composed of different varieties of granite, are now known. Three of these occur to the east, the fourth to the west. Two of the Eastern Granites are in contact with the Western Granite midway between Newcastle and Rostrevor, but only along a length of about 2 miles. The massif in plan is thus of hour-glass shape (see fig. 1). Only part of the top of the Western Granite is exposed, for it extends on all sides below a slightly domed roof of Silurian shales. In the case of the Eastern Granites, roofs of shales or of older granite are well seen, and, in addition, erosion has extended deep enough to disclose parts of bounding walls to all these three intrusions.
In the eastern half of the Mournes, many peaks are upwards of 2000 feet in height, the highest being Slieve Donard at 2796 feet. On the west the hills are much lower, excepting the two adjoining centrally
The Stratigraphy of the Valentian Rocks of Shropshire: the Main Outcrop
Authors: Whittard Walter Frederick 
Published: October 2009

From an examination of a geological map of South Shropshire, it is manifest that the Silurian rocks rest with marked discontinuity upon all stages of the older rocks developed in the district. The irregularities of the land surface upon which they were deposited imparted to their outcrop its sinuous outline. In fact, the Silurian rocks may he interpreted as a mantle through which protrude complexes of older sediments.
Owing to the overstep and overlap of Carboniferous and Salopian beds, Yalentian rocks do not always crop out at the surface, and consequently they are found in a number of disconnected areas, three of which are recognizable in Shropshire.

This emerges from under the unconformable capping of Carboniferous rocks, sweeps off the south-east flank of the Wrekin, crosses the River Severn, and attains its maximum development in the neighbourhood of Kenley. Thence, with an ever-decreasing outcrop, it borders the village of Hughley, reposes for a short distance upon the Uriconian rocks of the Cardington area, and then rests upon successively younger Ordovician rocks until at the Onny Section it follows unconformably the Upper
Trinucleus
Mudstones.

This originates north of Little Stretton and borders the Longmynd, the precipitous slopes of which form a striking contrast to the undulating country occupied by Silurian rocks. Continuing to the west, the outcrop passes to the Habberley (Shineton) Shales north-west of Lydham and then oversteps all divisions of the Ordovician System, being obscured by Carboniferous rocks east of Minsterley. A few outliers of Yalentian beds rest unconformably
The Belemnite Marls of Charmouth, a Series in the Lias of the Dorset Coast
Authors: Lang William Dickson , Spath Leonard Frank , Cox Leslie Reginald , Muir-Wood Helen Marguerite 
Published: October 2009

Anyone standing on the beach between Charmouth and Lyme, and looking up at the bluffs and precipices of Black Ven, is struck by the contrast between the pale, blue-grey colour of the third, and highest, Lias precipice and the deeper shade of the underlying Black Marl. These pale marls, about 75 feet thick, soon pass off the eastern shoulder of Black Ven, but are readily picked up again as the eye follows the line of stratification eastwards, and across the valley, to Stonebarrow Cliff. There the pale marls make the second precipice, but soon dip to the beach to form most of the long, low cliff reaching from Westhay to the Ridge fault.
These 75 feet of the pale marls are the Belemnite Beds of Day and of the Geological Survey. No adequate mention of them is made before 1863, when Day wrote his classic account of the Middle and Upper Lias of the Dorset Coast. although they are included in the ‘Upper Lias Marls’ of De la Beche's earlier account, and form the middle part of the eighth bed from the bottom of the section there described. In De la Beche's later account they occupy the middle of the lower part of his bed ‘a’: ‘Marls and slaty marls with several beds of indurated marl and earthy limestone in the lower part, micaceous in the higher—350 ft.’ In both accounts De la Beche particularly notes that belemnites are numerous, and other fossils occur in ‘marls on the shore, between
The Granites of the Scilly Isles and their Relation to the Dartmoor Granites
Authors: Osman Charles William 
Published: October 2009

Assuming that all the West of England granites are due to the same cause, namely, late adjustments of the Post-Carboniferous ‘Revolution’, it would follow that the successive movements in one part of the region should be represented in the remainder. The object of this paper is to show that, when the two flanking masses (the Dartmoor and Scilly Isles granites) are compared, the two areas show a similar isostatic or elastatic correction sequence of intrusions. Slight differences in composition, due to differences in the original rock-material from which these granites are derived, are to be expected.
The order of separate successive intrusions found in the eastern-most laccolite of Dartmoor by Dr. A. Brammall, and by myself in the north-eastern quarter of the same granite-mass, can be observed in the Scilly Isles laccolite, and may be tabulated as follows:—