bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogeochemical inferences of mobility of early Holocene fisher‐foragers from the Southern Sahara Desert
Authors: Stojanowski Christopher M. , Knudson Kelly J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNorth Africa is increasingly seen as an important context for understanding modern human evolution and reconstructing biocultural adaptations. The Sahara, in particular, witnessed a fluorescence of hunter‐gatherer settlement at the onset of the Holocene after an extended occupational hiatus. Subsequent subsistence changes through the Holocene are contrary to those documented in other areas where mobile foraging gave way to settled agricultural village life. In North Africa, extractive fishing and hunting was supplanted by cattle and caprine pastoralism under deteriorating climatic conditions. Therefore, the initial stage of food production in North Africa witnessed a likely increase in mobility. However, there are few studies of paleomobility in Early Holocene hunter‐gatherer Saharan populations and the degree of mobility is generally assumed. Here, we present radiogenic strontium isotope ratios from Early Holocene fisher‐forager peoples from the site of Gobero, central Niger, southern Sahara Desert. Data indicate a relatively homogeneous radiogenic strontium isotope signature for this hunter‐gather population with limited variability exhibited throughout the life course or among different individuals. Although the overall signature was local, some variation in the radiogenic strontium isotope data likely reflects transhumance into the nearby Aïr Massif. Data from Gobero were significantly less variable than in other worldwide hunter‐gatherer populations, including those thought to be fairly sedentary. Strontium data from Gobero were also significantly different from contemporaneous sites in southwestern Libya. These patterns are discussed with respect to archaeological models of community organization and technological evolution. Am J Phys Anthropol 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of minimum pressure drop at different plate spacings and air velocity in a wave‐plate mist eliminator
Authors: Banitabaei Sayed Abdolhossein , Rahimzadeh Hassan , Rafee Roohollah 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article, the flow pressure drop across a wave‐plate mist eliminator has been studied experimentally by changing both the air velocity and the plate spacing. The measured values for pressure losses have been compared with the results of the available formulas. Despite the literature, this study shows that by decreasing the plate spacing, the pressure loss will not remain constant. Results show that decreasing the plate spacing from 11.5 to 9.5 mm leads to a decrease in pressure loss. However, further decrease in spacing will result in an increased pressure loss. On the basis of dimensional analysis, a dimensionless variable is defined for spacing, and it is shown that the value of 0.24 for this variable gives the minimum pressure coefficient for all cases studied by current experimental setup. Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative studies of three kinds of activated carbon reactivated by KOH
Authors: Yan Xinlong , Hu Qingxun , Liu Xinmei , Yan Zifeng 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study, three kinds of activated carbon (wood‐based, coal‐based and petroleum coke‐based) were selected as raw materials reactivated by KOH. The influence of porosity and precursor on the pore structure of resulted carbons was investigated. It was found that a similar microporosity was developed independent of the carbon's porosity after KOH reactivation. With the same value of burn‐off, more micropore formatted in the wood‐based carbon than that of coal‐based carbon. The influence of KOH reactivation on the surface chemistry of activated carbons was also investigated. Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coastal zone planning: a geophysical classification of inlets to define ecological representation
Authors: Greenlaw Michelle E. , Roff John C. , Redden Anna M. , Allard Karel A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSelection of candidate sites for designation as Marine Protected Areas in coastal waters still involves many arbitrary choices. Analysis of candidate sites, according to a combination of geophysical and ecological criteria, can lead to the recognition of representative coastal areas, and can potentially reduce the arbitrary nature of these decisions.In coastal areas, estuaries have long been classified according to their geophysical properties. Bays and coves are at least as diverse in character, yet existing classifications are dependent largely upon description of the benthic communities themselves and take little advantage of existing hydrographic and digital information.The classification of coastal inlets proposed here differs significantly from others previously published. It is based on a fully quantified description and analysis of the basic geomorphological and hydrographic features of the coastal environment, and is designed to represent specific community types including α‐diversity and β‐diversity patterns.The classification, which should be globally applicable, was first applied to Nova Scotia's Atlantic shoreline where inlets fall into 11 recognizable types that are related to selected biological community types. Of these inlet types, only one is sufficiently protected, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature's conservation target of at least 10%.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OCA: Opinion corpus for Arabic
Authors: Rushdi‐Saleh Mohammed , Martín‐Valdivia M. Teresa , Ureña‐López L. Alfonso , Perea‐Ortega José M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSentiment analysis is a challenging new task related to text mining and natural language processing. Although there are, at present, several studies related to this theme, most of these focus mainly on English texts. The resources available for opinion mining (OM) in other languages are still limited. In this article, we present a new Arabic corpus for the OM task that has been made available to the scientific community for research purposes. The corpus contains 500 movie reviews collected from different web pages and blogs in Arabic, 250 of them considered as positive reviews, and the other 250 as negative opinions. Furthermore, different experiments have been carried out on this corpus, using machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines and Nave Bayes. The results obtained are very promising and we are encouraged to continue this line of research.
Capturing the Most‐Stable C56 Fullerene Cage by In Situ Chlorination
Authors: Ziegler Karolin , Mueller Andreas , Amsharov Konstantin Yu. , Jansen Martin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe most‐stable #916C56 carbon cage has been captured by in situ chlorination during the radio frequency furnace process. The resulting exohedral #916C56Cl12 was separated and unambiguously characterized by single crystal X‐ray structure determination. The discovery of #916C56 provides evidence for a thermodynamically controlled mechanism of fullerene formation, and on the other hand shows that the in situ chlorination does not remarkably influence the fullerene formation itself but just results in the capture of preformed cages. A detailed analysis of the chlorination pattern of #916C56Cl12 reveals the main factors controlling the reactivity of non‐IPR fullerenes. A high degree of aromatization was observed in the remaining π‐system by considering geometric criteria and nucleus‐independent chemical‐shift analysis (NICS). Along with the well‐known stabilization of pentagonpentagon junctions during chlorination, the formation of aromatic islands plays an important role in the stabilization of the fullerene cage and also in the determination of the chlorination pattern. Based on these empirical rules, the preferable addition patterns for non‐IPR fullerene cages can be easily predicted.
Linking Conformational Flexibility and Kinetics: Catalytic 1,4‐Type Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Phenols Utilizing 1,3‐Diamine‐Tethered Guanidine/Bisthiourea Organocatalysts
Authors: Sohtome Yoshihiro , Shin Bongki , Horitsugi Natsuko , Noguchi Keiichi , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHerein, we present details of our conformationally flexible, 1,3‐diamine‐tethered guanidine/bisthiourea organocatalysts for chemo‐, regio‐, and enantioselective 1,4‐type Friedel–Crafts reactions of phenols. These organocatalysts show a unique stereo‐discrimination governed by the differential activation entropy (ΔΔS≠), rather than by the differential activation enthalpy (ΔΔH≠). Extensive kinetic analyses using Eyring plots for a series of guanidine/bisthiourea organocatalysts revealed the key structural motif in the catalysts associated with a large magnitude of differential activation entropy (ΔΔS≠). A plausible guanidine–thiourea cooperative mechanism for the enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reaction is proposed.
No major effect of twinning on autistic traits
Authors: Curran Sarah , Dworzynski Katharina , Happé Francesca , Ronald Angelica , Allison Carrie , Baron‐Cohen Simon , Brayne Carol , Bolton Patrick F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground: It has been questioned whether the process of twinning might be a risk factor for autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and autistic traits. Aim: We sought to determine whether autistic traits and probable disorder, as measured by the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST), were more pronounced in twins compared to singletons. Samples: Data were analyzed from two large population‐based samples of UK children, twins (n = 5,142 twin pairs, aged 8 years) and singletons (n = 2,805, aged 5–9 years). Results: Distributions of CAST scores in both groups were negatively skewed and scores for twins were more variable than singletons. Mean CAST total scores and standard errors (SE) were not significantly different for twins (5.1; SE 0.04) compared to singletons (4.9; SE 0.08). Moreover, contrary to expectations, the likelihood of scoring above the threshold for possible ASC was significantly lower in the twins than the singletons (OR = 0.69; P = 0.002). Subsidiary analyses of CAST scores according to sex, twin type, and subscale scores representing the subdomains of autism found a few significant differences (P<0.01), but the effect sizes for these differences were small and none exceeded η2 = 0.005. The explanation for these small differences remains obscure, but the very small effect sizes mean they are of little importance. Conclusions: Our results do not provide evidence to support twinning as a risk factor in the development of autistic traits. Autism Res 2011,4:377–382. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Er korrigiert meine Anschauung und führt sie weiter fort.” Kommentare von David von Hansemann zu der Schrift von Theodor Boveri Zur Frage der Entstehung maligner Tumoren (1914)
Authors: Wunderlich Volker 
Published: July 2011

Abstract“He Corrects my View and Develops it Further.” Comments by David von Hansemann on the Monograph by Theodor Boveri Concerning the Origin of Malignant Tumors (1914). According to many authors, the treatise on cancer written by Theodor Boveri in 1914 demonstrates astonishing foresight with respect to contemporary cancer research, in particular with respect to the genomic instability of tumors. In some recent publications, however, it has been claimed that not Boveri but primarily David von Hansemann deserves credit for these chromosomal theories of cancer origin. The claim seems to be unjustified because there are great differences, both in conception and in argumentation, between both opinions. In addition, it has been ignored that von Hansemann himself said that his views “were corrected and developed further by Boveri”. In this paper two obviously unknown comments regarding Boveri's theory by von Hansemann are presented as examples. Furthermore, the paper points out that the pathologist von Hansemann was engaged in the formal genesis of tumors using descriptive methods. By contrast, the embryologist Boveri developed his hypotheses on the basis of the experimentally founded chromosome theory of inheritance in an attempt to explain the etiology or causal genesis of tumors. Thus, it can be concluded that Boveri developed the first genetic cancer theory in the history of medicine.
Endothelial nanoparticle binding kinetics are matrix and size dependent
Authors: Doiron Amber L. , Clark Brendan , Rinker Kristina D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNanoparticles are increasingly important in medical research for application to areas such as drug delivery and imaging. Understanding the interactions of nanoparticles with cells in physiologically relevant environments is vital for their acceptance, and cell–particle interactions likely vary based on the design of the particle including its size, shape, and surface chemistry. For this reason, the kinetic interactions of fluorescent nanoparticles of sizes 20, 100, 200, and 500 nm with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were determined by (1) measuring nanoparticles per cell at 37 and 4°C (to inhibit endocytosis) and (2) modeling experimental particle uptake data with equations describing particle attachment, detachment, and internalization. Additionally, the influence of cell substrate compliance on nanoparticle attachment and uptake was investigated. Results show that the number of binding sites per cell decreased with increasing nanoparticle size, while the attachment coefficient increased. By comparing HUVEC grown on either a thin coating of collagen or on top of three‐dimensional collagen hydrogel, nanoparticle attachment and internalization were shown to be influenced significantly by the substrate on which the cells are cultured. This study concludes that both particle size and cell culture substrate compliance appreciably influence the binding of nanoparticles; important factors in translating in vitro studies of nanoparticle interactions to in vivo studies focused on therapeutic or diagnostic applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2988–2998. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study on detection of mutation DNA fragment in gastric cancer by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting with capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Wang Rong , Xie Hua , Xu Yue‐bing , Jia Zheng‐ping , Meng Xian‐dong , Zhang Juan‐hong , Ma Jun , Wang Juan , Wang Xian‐hua 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe DNA fragment detection focusing technique has further enhanced the sensitivity and information of DNA targets. The DNA fragment detection method was established by capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection and restriction endonuclease chromatographic fingerprinting (CE‐LIF‐REF) in our experiment. The silica capillary column was coated with short linear polyarclarylamide (SLPA) using nongel sieving technology. The excision product of various restricted enzymes of DNA fragments was obtained by REF with the molecular biology software Primer Premier 5. The PBR322/BsuRI DNA marker was used to establish the optimization method. The markers were focused electrophoretically and detected by CE‐LIF. The results demonstrate that the CE‐LIF‐REF with SLPA can improve separation, sensitivity and speed of analysis. This technique may be applied to analysis of the excision product of various restricted enzymes of prokaryotic plasmid (pIRES2), eukaryote plasmid (pcDNA3.1) and the PCR product of codon 248 region of gastric cancer tissue. The results suggest that this method could very sensitively separate the excision products of various restricted enzymes at a much better resolution than the traditional agarose electrophoresis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Acknowledging Mock Jurors' Feelings on Affective and Cognitive Biases: It Depends on the Sample
Authors: McCabe John G. , Krauss Daniel A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn intervention designed to correct affective and cognitive biases was tested in the context of a civil commitment hearing of a sexually violent predator. Potential differences between a college student mock jury sample and a more representative, juror venire sample in reaction to these bias correction interventions were explored. In the first of two experiments, undergraduate mock jurors (n = 130) demonstrated a leniency effect when the sex offender's attorney acknowledged jurors' emotional reactions and motivated them to thoughtfully weigh the evidence. The second experiment failed to replicate these findings with a more ecologically valid sample (n = 300). Several differences between samples were found: representative jurors, as opposed to undergraduates, were sensitive to differences between pure clinical and actuarial expert testimony; and measures of intrinsic cognitive effort predicted verdicts for undergraduates, but not for representative jurors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Study of the Case: Conceptualising Case Study Research
Authors: Radley Alan , Chamberlain Kerry 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper recommends that the study of the case be seen as of primary analytic concern to social and community psychologists. Criticism is made of the idea that a case is merely an instance or a methodological option. Instead, we argue that psychologists should re‐direct their attention to the ‘study of the case’ as being central to issues concerning social life. There are three reasons for doing this. First, case study is basic to any procedure that involves collecting information about the context in which psychology is practised. Second, communication between professionals involves presenting the situation of their clients as storied accounts, so that cases are made, not found. Third, the communication of experience involves presentational work, which is basic to how individuals come to be understood as ‘cases’. The paper explores differences between these different forms of case, while emphasising portrayal as a key feature of all of them. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of acquisition angle differences on three‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography
Authors: Tu Shengxian , Holm Niels R. , Koning Gerhard , Maeng Michael , Reiber Johan H.C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:Three‐dimensional (3D) quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) requires two angiographic views to restore vessel dimensions. This study investigated the impact of acquisition angle differences (AADs) of the two angiographic views on the assessed dimensions by 3D QCA.Methods:X‐ray angiograms of an assembled brass phantom with different types of straight lesions were recorded at multiple angiographic projections. The projections were randomly matched as pairs and 3D QCA was performed in those pairs with AAD larger than 25°. The lesion length and diameter stenosis in three different lesions, a circular concentric severe lesion (A), a circular concentric moderate lesion (B), and a circular eccentric moderate lesion (C), were measured by 3D QCA. The acquisition protocol was repeated for a silicone bifurcation phantom, and the bifurcation angles and bifurcation core volume were measured by 3D QCA. The measurements were compared with the true dimensions if applicable and their correlation with AAD was studied.Results:50 matched pairs of angiographic views were analyzed for the brass phantom. The average value of AAD was 48.0 ± 14.1°. The percent diameter stenosis was slightly overestimated by 3D QCA for all lesions: A (error 1.2 ± 0.9%, P < 0.001); B (error 0.6 ± 0.5%, P < 0.001); C (error 1.1 ± 0.6%, P < 0.001). The correlation of the measurements with AAD was only significant for lesion A (R2 = 0.151, P = 0.005). The lesion length was slightly overestimated by 3D QCA for lesion A (error 0.06 ± 0.18 mm, P = 0.026), but well assessed for lesion B (error −0.00 ± 0.16 mm, P = 0.950) and lesion C (error −0.01 ± 0.18 mm, P = 0.585). The correlation of the measurements with AAD was not significant for any lesion. Forty matched pairs of angiographic views were analyzed for the bifurcation phantom. The average value of AAD was 49.1 ± 15.4°. 3D QCA slightly overestimated the proximal angle (error 0.4 ± 1.1°, P = 0.046) and the distal angle (error 1.5 ± 1.3°, P < 0.001). The correlation with AAD was only significant for the distal angle (R2 = 0.256, P = 0.001). The correlation of bifurcation core volume measurements with AAD was not significant (P = 0.750). Of the two aforementioned measurements with significant correlation with AAD, the errors tended to increase as AAD became larger.Conclusions:3D QCA can be used to reliably assess vessel dimensions and bifurcation angles. Increasing the AAD of the two angiographic views does not increase accuracy and precision of 3D QCA for circular lesions or bifurcation dimensions. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interventional cardiology fellowship training in canada
Authors: Dehghani Payam , Wood David A. , Sharieff Waseem , Basit Nida , Cheema Asim N. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:Several institutions in Canada offer fellowship training in interventional cardiology (IC). However, no national mechanism exists to ensure uniformity of training or assessment of final competency.Methods:A cross‐sectional survey was carried out for physicians completing IC training from 2007 to 2009. The survey used a semistructured questionnaire to determine compliance with training components recommended by Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and American College of Cardiology (ACC).Results:Sixty‐six (78%) of 85 trainees from 15 programs participated in the study. All programs were affiliated with a university and associated with accredited programs in adult cardiology. Annual procedural volume of >1,500 and faculty volume of >250 were reported for 67% and 70% of programs. Annual trainee percutaneous coronary intervention volume of 250–350 was reported by 29%, 350–450 by 47%, and >450 by 24% of respondents. All respondents reported regular participation in case management rounds, and 54% reported formal instruction of structured curriculum; 91% reported participation in research, and 38% reported mandatory attendance in outpatient clinic. All respondents reported annual and 61% reported ≥2 performance evaluations per year; 45% of respondents reported formal trainee assessment of program and faculty.Conclusion:Canadian IC training meets ACGME/ACC recommendations for procedural volume and academic activity. However, participation in outpatient clinics and compliance with administrative requirement of faculty and program assessment by trainee was suboptimal. Formal accreditation is highly desirable to standardize program content and administration for optimal IC training. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extensive distortion and dysfunction of an Edwards Valeo lifestent placed for stenosis of the superior vena cava
Authors: Aiyagari Ranjit 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe present a case of multiple interventions to treat symptomatic stenosis of the superior vena cava in a child, with end‐stage renal disease and a history of long‐term hemodialysis, who had required indwelling central venous catheters for several years. The stenosis was successfully treated with an Edwards Valeo Lifestent, but recurrent symptomatic superior vena caval stenosis developed within 5 months, requiring repeat catheterization and stent placement. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.