bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The EGFR Ligands Amphiregulin and Heparin-Binding EGF-like Growth Factor Promote Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in CXCR4-Expressing Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yasumoto Kazuo , Yamada Tadaaki , Kawashima Atsuhiro , Wang Wei , Li Qi , Donev Ivan Shterev , Tacheuchi Shinji , Mouri Hisatsugu , Yamashita Kaname , Ohtsubo Koushiro , Yano Seiji 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Peritoneal carcinomatosis, often associated with malignant ascites, is the most frequent cause of death in patients with advanced gastric cancer. We previously showed that the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis is involved in the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer. Here, we investigated whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands are also involved in the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer.
Experimental Design: The functional involvement of expression of the ErbB family of receptors and/or EGFR ligands was examined in CXCR4-expressing human gastric cancer cells and fibroblasts, clinical samples (primary tumors and ascites), and an animal model.
Results: High concentration of the EGFR ligands amphiregulin and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), as well as of CXCL12, were present in malignant ascites. Human gastric cancer cell lines and primary gastric tumors, with high potential to generate peritoneal carcinomatosis, expressed high levels of EGFR and CXCR4 mRNA and protein. Both amphiregulin and HB-EGF enhanced the proliferation, migration, and functional CXCR4 expression in highly CXCR4-expressing gastric cancer NUGC4 cells. Amphiregulin strongly enhanced the proliferation of NUGC4 cells, whereas HB-EGF markedly induced the migration of fibroblasts. Moreover, HB-EGF and CXCL12 together enhanced TNFα-converting enzyme (TACE)-dependent amphiregulin shedding from NUGC4 cells. In an experimental peritoneal carcinomatosis model in mice, cetuximab effectively reduced tumor growth and ascites formation.
Conclusions: Our results strongly suggest that the EGFR ligands amphiregulin and HB-EGF play an important role, interacting with the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, in the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer, indicating that these two axes may be potential therapeutic targets for peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res; 17(11); 3619–30. ©2011 AACR.
Potent Activity of Ponatinib (AP24534) in Models of FLT3-Driven Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Other Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Gozgit Joseph M. , Wong Matthew J. , Wardwell Scott , Tyner Jeffrey W. , Loriaux Marc M. , Mohemmad Qurish K. , Narasimhan Narayana I. , Shakespeare William C. , Wang Frank , Druker Brian J. , Clackson Tim , Rivera Victor M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Ponatinib (AP24534) is a novel multitargeted kinase inhibitor that potently inhibits native and mutant BCR-ABL at clinically achievable drug levels. Ponatinib also has in vitro inhibitory activity against a discrete set of kinases implicated in the pathogenesis of other hematologic malignancies, including FLT3, KIT, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), and platelet derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα). Here, using leukemic cell lines containing activated forms of each of these receptors, we show that ponatinib potently inhibits receptor phosphorylation and cellular proliferation with IC50 values comparable to those required for inhibition of BCR-ABL (0.3 to 20 nmol/L). The activity of ponatinib against the FLT3-ITD mutant, found in up to 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, was particularly notable. In MV4-11 (FLT3-ITD+/+) but not RS4;11 (FLT3-ITD−/−) AML cells, ponatinib inhibited FLT3 signaling and induced apoptosis at concentrations of less than 10 nmol/L. In an MV4-11 mouse xenograft model, once daily oral dosing of ponatinib led to a dose-dependent inhibition of signaling and tumor regression. Ponatinib inhibited viability of primary leukemic blasts from a FLT3-ITD positive AML patient (IC50 4 nmol/L) but not those isolated from 3 patients with AML expressing native FLT3. Overall, these results support the investigation of ponatinib in patients with FLT3-ITD–driven AML and other hematologic malignancies driven by KIT, FGFR1, or PDGFRα. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(6); 1028–35. ©2011 AACR.
Homocysteine-Lowering and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Bostom Andrew G. , Carpenter Myra A. , Kusek John W. , Levey Andrew S. , Hunsicker Lawrence , Pfeffer Marc A. , Selhub Jacob , Jacques Paul F. , Cole Edward , Gravens-Mueller Lisa , House Andrew A. , Kew Clifton , McKenney Joyce L. , Pacheco-Silva Alvaro , Pesavento Todd , Pirsch John , Smith Stephen , Solomon Scott , Weir Matthew 
Published: April 2011

Background—
Kidney transplant recipients, like other patients with chronic kidney disease, experience excess risk of cardiovascular disease and elevated total homocysteine concentrations. Observational studies of patients with chronic kidney disease suggest increased homocysteine is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The impact of lowering total homocysteine levels in kidney transplant recipients is unknown.

Methods and Results—
In a double-blind controlled trial, we randomized 4110 stable kidney transplant recipients to a multivitamin that included either a high dose (n=2056) or low dose (n=2054) of folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 to determine whether decreasing total homocysteine concentrations reduced the rate of the primary composite arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease outcome (myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular disease death, resuscitated sudden death, coronary artery or renal artery revascularization, lower-extremity arterial disease, carotid endarterectomy or angioplasty, or abdominal aortic aneurysm repair). Mean follow-up was 4.0 years. Treatment with the high-dose multivitamin reduced homocysteine but did not reduce the rates of the primary outcome (n=547 total events; hazards ratio [95 confidence interval]=0.99 [0.84 to 1.17]), secondary outcomes of all-cause mortality (n=431 deaths; 1.04 [0.86 to 1.26]), or dialysis-dependent kidney failure (n=343 events; 1.15 [0.93 to 1.43]) compared to the low-dose multivitamin.

Conclusions—
Treatment with a high-dose folic acid, B6, and B12 multivitamin in kidney transplant recipients did not reduce a composite cardiovascular disease outcome, all-cause mortality, or dialysis-dependent kidney failure despite significant reduction in homocysteine level.

Clinical Trial Registration—

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00064753.
Use of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and the Risk of Cancer
Authors: Pasternak Björn , Svanström Henrik , Callréus Torbjörn , Melbye Mads , Hviid Anders 
Published: April 2011

Background—
A recent meta-analysis of randomized trials suggested that use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be associated with a modestly increased risk of incident cancer, particularly lung cancer.

Methods and Results—
We linked individual-level data from Danish registries on filled drug prescriptions, diagnostic information, and covariates. In a nationwide cohort of new users of ARBs and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ≥35 years of age during 1998 to 2006, we compared incidence rates of all cancer, cancer subgroups by anatomic site, and cancer mortality. Among 107 466 ARB users, 3954 cases of cancer were detected during 312 753 person-years of follow-up compared with 6214 cases during 435 207 person-years of follow-up in 209 692 angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor users (adjusted rate ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 1.03). Cancer risk did not increase with increasing duration of ARB exposure (increase in rate ratio per year, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.00,) and was similar across individual ARBs. In subgroup analyses, there was a significant association between ARB use and cancer of male genital organs (rate ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.28), but no significantly increased risk of any of the other 15 cancer subgroups, including lung cancer (rate ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.02). For cancer mortality, the rate ratio was 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 0.82).

Conclusion—
In this large nationwide cohort, use of ARBs was not significantly associated with increased risk of incident cancer overall or of lung cancer.
In the Name of “Taizu”: The Construction of Zhu Yuanzhang's Legal Philosophy and Chinese Cultural Identity in the Veritable Records of Taizu
Authors: Yonglin Jiang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis essay examines how Zhu Yuanzhang's legal philosophy was perceived and interpreted in the early Ming official history of the Ming founder, the Taizu shilu (Veritable records of Taizu), and in some relevant historical works of later times. By looking at the viewpoints expressed on Zhu's words and deeds, the essay demonstrates that his legal philosophy was carefully constructed in the official history, and that this work of historical construction represented an official effort to redefine Chinese cultural identity. Cet article s'intéresse à la façon dont la philosophie juridique de Zhu Yuanzhang est perçue et interprétée dans l'histoire officielle du fondateur des Ming, le Taizu shilu (Chroniques véridiques de Taizu), au début des Ming, ainsi que dans certains ouvrages historiques plus tardifs. L'examen des points de vue exprimés sur les paroles et les actes de Zhu montre que sa philosophie juridique a été soigneusement reconstruite dans l'histoire officielle, et que ce travail de reconstruction était représentatif d'un effort officiel pour redéfinir l'identité culturelle chinoise.
The Spirit of Life and the Spirit of Immortality: An Appreciative Review of Levison’s Filled with the Spirit
Authors: Macchia Frank D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLevison’s Filled with the Spirit explores the deep difference between the two Testaments in how Spirit filling is understood. While the Old Testament holds Spirit filling to be a flourishing of human life through an interaction of divine and human initiatives, the New Testament sees it as a subsequent gift granted supernaturally through faith in Christ. Yet, there is also a sense of continuity in the midst of this difference, especially in how the flourishing of life resists death. This review appreciatively explores Levison’s understanding of such biblical tensions and continuities in the light of the one-sided accent of Pentecostalism on the supernatural quality of life in the Spirit, but also in the light of the question as to whether or not Levison has unnecessarily widened the gap between the pneumatologies of the two Testaments.
Recommendations for the Future of Pneumatology
Authors: Levison John R. (Jack) 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFilled with the Spirit is set in this volume of Pneuma in conversation with the reviews of Blaine Charette, Jenny Everts, Amy Donaldson, Frank Macchia, Jim Shelton, and Archie Wright. Their responses raise three critical questions about the character and future study of pneumatology: (1) Will future pneumatologies adequately embrace the presence of the spirit in all people from birth to death — and not just the experience of the spirit as a charismatic endowment? (2) Will future analyses of ancient pneumatology adequately incorporate indispensable extrabiblical sources, such as those that arose in Jewish and Greco-Roman contexts? (3) Will future pneumatologies pay due attention to the exceptional symbiosis between ecstasy and comprehension that is integral to experiences of the holy spirit in the book of Acts?
Progressing Norm Socialisation: Why Membership Matters. The Impact of the Accreditation Process of the International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
Authors: Brodie Meg 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (ICC) is responsible for accrediting independent, broadly mandated, national human rights institutions (NHRIs). The relevant international standards used to accredit NHRIs are the Paris Principles. In this role, the ICC has facilitated the progressive socialisation of Paris Principles norms. Members define and redefine their collective identity in light of the norms, causing the boundaries of membership to shift. The ICC has evolved from a representative, inclusive community of NHRIs to one that emphasises its regulatory role. This has implications for existing members and new applicants, such as Sweden, which must now demonstrate their compliance with more robustly applied standards. The progression of norm socialisation relies on the ICC's willingness to maintain the legitimacy of the rules through their coherent application and interpretation.
The Lawful Detention of Unauthorised Aliens under the European System for the Protection of Human Rights
Authors: Langford Peter , Bryan Ian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article evaluates the protections against 'arbitrary' and 'unlawful' detention aff orded to nonnationals on having entered the territory of a State party to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Focussing on Article 5 ECHR and the various permissible exceptions therein, the article examines leading decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and, in so doing, illuminates and explores tensions arising from the juncture at which Contracting States' capacity to detain entry-seeking non-nationals, without criminal charge or trial, intersects with the requisites of Article 5(1)(f ) ECHR, as construed by the ECtHR. It argues that the ECtHR's interpretative standpoint regarding the 'lawful' administrative detention of 'unauthorised' non-nationals gives disproportionate preference to Contracting States' interest in managing migration flows. It also argues that in consequence States' obligations in international human rights law, the strictures of Article 5 ECHR and the credibility of the Strasbourg Court itself are enfeebled.
The Hedonist's Dilemma
Authors: Dorsey Dale 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that hedonism about well-being faces a powerful dilemma. However, as I shall try to show here, this choice creates a dilemma for hedonism. On a subjective interpretation, hedonism is open to the familiar objection that pleasure is not the only thing desired or the only thing for which we possess a pro-attitude. On an objective interpretation, hedonism lacks an independent rationale. In this paper, I do not claim that hedonism fails once and for all. However, this dilemma illustrates a serious problem for hedonism, the solution to which is not immediately obvious, and which must be addressed if hedonism is to be considered a serious competitor for the true theory of well-being.
Is There a Right to Polygamy? Marriage, Equality and Subsidizing Families in Liberal Public Justification
Authors: March Andrew 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper argues that the four most plausible arguments compatible with public reason for an outright legal ban on all forms of polygamy are unvictorious. I consider the types of arguments political liberals would have to insist on, and precisely how strongly, in order for a general prohibition against polygamy to be justified, while also considering what general attitude towards "marriage" and legal recognition of the right to marry are most consistent with political liberalism. I argue that a liberal state should get out of the "marriage business" by leveling down to a universal status of "civil union" neutral as to the gender and affective purpose of domestic partnerships. I then refute what I regard as the four most plausible rational objections to offering this civil union status to multi-member domestic partnerships. The most common objection to polygamy is on grounds of gender equality, more specifically, female equality. But advancing this argument forcefully often involves neglecting the tendency of political liberalism (by whatever name it goes in contemporary, complex, multicultural societies) to tolerate a certain amount of inequality in private, within the bounds of robust and meaningful freedoms of choice and exit. Properly understood, polygamy involves no inherent statement about the essential inferiority of women, and certainly not more than many other existing practices and institutions (including many expressions of the main monotheistic religions) which political liberals regard as tolerable, even reasonable. Arguments from the welfare of children, fairness in the spousal market, and the abuse of family subsidies are also considered and found insufficient for excluding polygamy.
A Deepening Disbelief: The American Movie Hero in Vietnam, 1958-1968
Authors: Cowans Jon 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThree important films reveal changing American attitudes toward the Cold War in Southeast Asia in the years of growing U.S. involvement there: Joseph Mankiewicz's The Quiet American (1958), George Englund's The Ugly American (1963), and John Wayne's The Green Berets (1968). All three feature idealistic American heroes fighting communism in Vietnam – and, in the later two films, fighting American ignorance and apathy as well. Using some two dozen reviews in a wide range of periodicals, including daily newspapers outside of New York and Los Angeles, this article finds a growing skepticism about the mythology of the Cold War in Vietnam. Critics in 1958 supported the mission of fighting communism and the methods outlined in the film, but knew little about Vietnam. In 1963, critics were more pessimistic about America's methods and prospects in Vietnam but still overwhelmingly supported the mission. By 1968, a collapse of America's Cold War consensus became obvious as critics panned The Green Berets, a remarkable box-office success, deriding the filmmaking but also rejecting the film's ideology and even questioning the struggle against communism. We thus see a fundamental erosion of American belief in its own Cold War mythology just as the country was venturing deeper into war in Southeast Asia.
Blending the Incongruity-Resolution Model and the Conceptual Integration Theory: The Case of Blends in Pictorial Advertising
Authors: Dynel Marta 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe primary objective of this article is to discuss humorous pictorial advertisements contingent on non-verbal (visual) and verbal components, with the heuristic apparatus provided by Fauconnier and Turner's conceptual integration theory. A postulate is advanced that humour-orientated blending can be viewed in the light of the incongruity-resolution model (Suls, 1972, 1983), the prevailing framework of humour interpretation in linguistics and psychology. Nevertheless, a proviso is made that special emphasis must be placed on the mechanism of bisociation, i.e. oscillation between incompatible frames of reference (Koestler, 1964), after the resolution stage, which is in accordance with the conceptual integration account. Additionally, a preliminary attempt is made at differentiating humorous blends from non-humorous ones. Finally, a discussion of examples aims to testify to the widespread and multifarious applicability of the incongruity-resolution blending approach in the analysis of humorous advertisements. It is shown how humorously incongruous blends and advertising meta-blends interweave.
Discourse Particles, Discourse Relations and Information Structure: The Case of Nämlich
Authors: Karagjosova Elena 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe paper presents an analysis of the meaning and discourse effects of the German discourse particle nämlich that unifies its different readings and explains its distributional properties. I suggest that nämlich is most adequately analysed in terms of it indicating a specificational relation between its host and the preceding sentence, which in a question-based framework can be implemented as indicating an answer to a "specifying question", a discourse question requiring an answer that provides a more detailed description of some aspect of the preceding utterance. The analysis represents a refinement and extension of the question-based analysis of nämlich developed in Onea and Volodina (2009) where nämlich is analysed in terms of indicating that its host is a short answer to an implicit constituent question or a Why-discourse question. The approach I provide suggests solutions to several puzzles related to the distributional properties of nämlich.
Daytime Development of the Boundary Layer over a Plain and in a Valley under Fair Weather Conditions: A Comparison by Means of Idealized Numerical Simulations
Authors: Serafin Stefano , Zardi Dino 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe daytime thermal structures of the valley boundary layer (VBL) and of the convective boundary layer (CBL) above a plain, as revealed by idealized large-eddy simulations, are compared. Simulations in the two environments consider similar thermal forcing, thus allowing an analysis of the atmospheric heating processes in the VBL and CBL in light of the volume-effect theory, traditionally invoked to explain the larger diurnal temperature ranges observed in valleys. It is found that, after an equal input of thermal energy, the atmospheric volumes affected by thermal perturbations in the CBL and in the VBL are comparable. Although the boundary layer top is higher in the VBL than in the CBL, the average VBL depth is approximately equal to the CBL depth, since the ground elevation is nonuniform in the valley. Accordingly, the volume-averaged potential temperature increments in the CBL and VBL are comparable. Nevertheless, surface air temperature variations are larger in the VBL, while differences in the thermal structures of the CBL and the VBL are found to be larger at elevated levels. These effects are related to the heat and mass transfer processes associated with upslope flows and midvalley subsidence. As far as the simulated CBL and VBL cases are representative of two asymptotic regions (respectively, far up valley and far over the plain) of a plain–valley system with a horizontal floor, their comparison provides insight in the mechanisms responsible for the generation of the pressure contrasts driving a daytime plain-to-valley wind at lower levels and possibly a valley-to-plain upper flow.
The Effect of Heat Waves and Drought on Surface Wind Circulations in the Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula during the Summer of 2003
Authors: Jiménez Pedro A. , Vilà-Guerau de Arellano Jordi , González-Rouco J. Fidel , Navarro Jorge , Montávez Juan P. , García-Bustamante Elena , Dudhia Jimy 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Variations in the diurnal wind pattern associated with heat waves and drought conditions are investigated climatologically at a regional level (northeast of the Iberian Peninsula). The study, based on high-density observational evidence and fine spatial-scale mesoscale modeling for the 1992–2004 period, shows that wind speed can decrease up to 22% under situations characterized by extremely high temperatures and severe drought, such as the European summer of 2003. By examining the role of the different atmospheric scales of motion that determine the wind diurnal variability, it is found that the 2003 synoptic conditions are the main driver for changes in the wind speed field. In turn, these changes are modulated by mesoscale circulations influenced by the soil moisture availability. The results have implications for broad regional modeling studies of current climate and climate change simulations in as much as the study demonstrates that a correct representation of local soil moisture conditions impacts atmospheric circulation and therefore the regional climate state.