bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A [Co5] cluster‐based organic framework as fluorescent detection platform toward quinolone antibiotics
Authors: Lin Changjiao , Wang Huihui , Li Ting , Zhang Zhan‐Yun , Chen Zilu , Liu Dongcheng , Hu Huan‐Cheng 
Published: May 2024

The detection of quinolone antibiotics is an important research hotspot for protecting human health. Herein, a three‐dimensional metal–organic framework with the formula of {[Co5(TPT)2(BPDC)3(μ3‐O)2(H2O)4]·8MeCN·3DMF}n (NS‐3, TPT = tris(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazin, H2BPDC = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid) has been successfully prepared through solvothermal method. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that three‐dimensional NS‐3 can be viewed as an eight‐connected sqc4 net with pentanuclear [Co5(μ3‐O)2]6+ cluster as metal nodes. Importantly, when norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and enrofloxacin were added in NS‐3 ethanol suspension, the luminescence intensity of NS‐3 at 333 nm was obviously decreased while new emission peaks clearly emerged, indicating that NS‐3 can be a potential rare fluorescent detection to recognize quinolone antibiotics in ethanol. Additionally, NS‐3 exhibits high sensitivity to norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and enrofloxacin with a limit of detection of 43, 34, and 139 nM, respectively, which is superior to most of the reported metal–organic frameworks.
Green synthesis and characterization of silver anchored ZnO nanoparticle as the antimicrobial reinforcement for polylactide films
Authors: Ganesan Vellaiyan , Hariram Muruganandham , Vivekanandhan Singaravelu , Muthuramkumar Sankaralingam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aqueous extract of endophytic fungi (Periconia sp.) was effectively used as a reducing agent to anchor Ag nanoparticles on the ZnO surface. The XRD, UV‐Vis, SEM‐EDX and TEM analyses were performed to ensure the formation of AgNP@ZnO architecture. TEM analysis confirmed that the 4–20 nm sized Ag nanoparticles were anchored evenly on the surface of ZnO with 16–78 nm in size. The antimicrobial study showed the superior performance of AgNP@ZnO functional nanoparticles than the pristine ZnO against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (gram‐positive) and Escherichia coli (gram‐negative). Hence, AgNP@ZnO functional particles were effectively explored as antimicrobial reinforcement for fabricating composite films using polylactic acid (PLA) as a matrix. The obtained nanocomposite films showed excellent antibacterial activity, which increases with increasing AgNP@ZnO loading.
mRNA context and translation factors determine decoding in alternative nuclear genetic codes
Authors: Salman Ali , Biziaev Nikita , Shuvalova Ekaterina , Alkalaeva Elena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe genetic code is a set of instructions that determine how the information in our genetic material is translated into amino acids. In general, it is universal for all organisms, from viruses and bacteria to humans. However, in the last few decades, exceptions to this rule have been identified both in pro‐ and eukaryotes. In this review, we discuss the 16 described alternative eukaryotic nuclear genetic codes and observe theories of their appearance in evolution. We consider possible molecular mechanisms that allow codon reassignment. Most reassignments in nuclear genetic codes are observed for stop codons. Moreover, in several organisms, stop codons can simultaneously encode amino acids and serve as termination signals. In this case, the meaning of the codon is determined by the additional factors besides the triplets. A comprehensive review of various non‐standard coding events in the nuclear genomes provides a new insight into the translation mechanism in eukaryotes.
The impact of a chatbot working as an assistant in a course for supporting student learning and engagement
Authors: Roca Mónica De La , Chan Miguel M. , Garcia‐Cabot Antonio , Garcia‐Lopez Eva , Amado‐Salvatierra Héctor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNowadays, many digital learning tools can be integrated into a course to enhance the teaching–learning process. It is a fact that technology is changing how students learn and how professors teach. The growing utilization of AI chatbots in education to support students' learning underscores the importance of identifying critical aspects related to students' acceptance of this technology. Teachers require a deeper understanding of how students perceive and respond to chatbot assistance, as well as methods to measure levels of satisfaction, engagement, and knowledge acquired while using these technological tools. The aim of this study was, on the one hand, to illustrate the integration of a chatbot into a course to assist students in solving specific learning activities. On the other hand, it aimed to analyze the correlation between the factors influencing university students' intention to use chatbots and their perceived usefulness. It is noteworthy that the learning activity integrated two technologies: an Integrated Development Environment and a chatbot, offering additional educational value to students. The Technology Acceptance Model was used to measure the students' perceived usefulness and attitude toward this digital learning tool. The findings of this study provided insights to faculty on how to integrate and use chatbots to enhance students' engagement and motivation. The results revealed that the perceived usefulness of chatbots does, in fact, influence students' intention to use them. Most of the students expressed satisfaction with having a chatbot to assist them in solving exercises. Students highlighted that one of the most significant benefits was the 24/7 chatbot's support availability and its user‐friendly interface.
Debriefing experiential learning in counselor education
Authors: Trottier Dana George 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCounselors‐in‐training require continuous opportunities to reflect on strengths and growing edges. Applying experiential learning theory and the Promoting Excellence and Reflective Learning in Simulation debriefing framework could optimize learning and provide counselor educators with a roadmap to develop a reflective practice within the context of counseling. Psychological safety and cultural considerations are also discussed.
Ideas Behind the Tryptophan‐Mediated Petasis Reaction (TMPR) Concept for Peptide Stapling
Authors: Krajcovicova Sona 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis Concept short review offers an insightful analysis of pivotal research papers and explores the key synthetic ideas behind the intersection of two realms in peptide chemistry: using tryptophan and Petasis multicomponent reactions for macrocyclisation and labelling of peptides. The recently published tryptophan‐mediated Petasis reaction (TMPR) concept represents a critical junction between these two worlds, highlighting how combining such methodologies leads to more effective and versatile synthetic strategies, setting a potentially new direction for future research in the field of peptide‐drug conjugates.
The Role of Alkali Cations on the Selectivity of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Electroreduction on Glassy Carbon
Authors: Asfia Mohammad Peirow , Cuomo Angelina , Kloth Ricarda , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Nikolaienko Pavlo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the past decade, organic electrosynthesis has emerged as an atom‐ and energy‐efficient strategy for harvesting renewable electricity that provides exceptional control over the reaction parameters. A profound and fundamental understanding of electrochemical interfaces becomes imperative to advance the knowledge‐based development of electrochemical processes. The major strategy toward an efficient electrochemical system is based on the advancement in material science for electrocatalysis. Studies on the complex interplay among electrode surface, electrolyte, and transformation intermediates have only recently started to emerge. It involves acquiring atomic‐scale insights into the electrochemical double layer, for which the identity and concentration of composing ions play a crucial role. In this study, we present how the identity and concentration of alkali cations impact the selectivity of aldehyde functionality electroreduction. As a case‐study transformation, we set the electrochemical conversion of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a promising biomass‐derived feedstock for the sustainable production of polymer or fuel precursors. Our findings reveal a consistent trend of the selectivity shift towards 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) as a function of cation size and concentration, rationalized by specific cation adsorption at the glassy carbon (GC), followed by the increase in the electrode surface charge density.
Analysis and design of an efficient three‐phase voltage source inverter with performance optimization
Authors: Wang Qiang , He Jianfeng , Wang Youzheng 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe paper designs a novel efficient three‐phase voltage source inverter with performance optimization. When auxiliary circuits connected in parallel with every bridge arm are involved in working process of the designed inverter, main switches will realize zero‐voltage switching in the wide load range, which is beneficial for further decline of the loss of main switches. Furthermore, the optimized duty cycle of the gate drive signal of auxiliary switches is used to restrict circuiting current loss. Besides, when the designed inverter works in a dead zone, the resonance will occur in the auxiliary circuits to cause the output phase voltage to vary from zero or the DC supply voltage to the DC supply voltage or zero as soon as possible, which is beneficial for further decline of the output phase voltage error and the suppression of dead effect. The paper provides relevant analysis on each working status within a switching period along with design requirements. By analyzing test waveforms, it affirms that main switches realize zero‐voltage switching. The efficiency of the designed inverter reaches 98.8% at rating condition. The experiment affirms that the designed inverter has an edge over another two inverters for comparison in performance optimization.
Grow or die: A 49‐year growth history of a Japanese warm‐temperate tree species
Authors: Yamada Toshihiro , Aiba Shin‐Ichiro , Okubo Kumiko , Suzuki Eizi , Maenaka Hisayuki , Nagano Masahiro , Nakajima Yoshinori , Nagano Toru , Ishihara Masae Iwamoto , Yasumatsu Hiroki , Sawada Yoshimi , Kawashima Kazuyoshi , Takami Kunio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe growth trajectories of trees are not fully understood due to their long life span. We characterized the population dynamics of the canopy tree Castanopsis cuspidata (Thunb.) Schottky in a Japanese warm‐temperate forest over 49 years (1966–2015). Our study was initiated approximately 50 years after our study site was clear‐cut. The forest had a closed canopy for the first 23 years of the study. Strong typhoons in 1991 and 1993 seriously damaged the forest, and since then the forest has been recovering from these disturbances. The diameter distribution of this species was bell‐shaped in 1966, suggesting that the trees emerged simultaneously after the clear‐cut in the 1910s, and the recruitment of trees has remained unchanged since then. The lack of recruitment of C. cuspidata before the typhoon disturbance supports this conclusion. Assuming that the C. cuspidata trees in 1966 were cohorts that were established soon after the clear‐cut, the size differences reflect differences in growth rate, with small trees corresponding to slow growers and large trees corresponding to fast growers. Before the typhoon, slow growers had low survival, and the mortality rate of fast growers was low. Many fast growers were uprooted or snapped by strong winds by the typhoons. However, their mortality rate did not differ from that of slow growers because many slow growers were killed by large fallen trees. The growth of some slow‐growing survivors increased after the typhoon, which allowed them to rapidly reach the canopy. Therefore, the typhoon altered the distribution of canopy trees among slow and fast growers. Survivors experienced faster growth than trees that died during the census period, suggesting that growth rate provides a robust indicator of future survival. Before the typhoon, the survival of fast growers was higher than that of slow growers. This suggests that fast growers disproportionally contribute to reproduction compared with slow growers. However, no recruited tree was observed in this subperiod, suggesting that fast growers made no contribution to reproduction. Fast growers might not play a more significant demographic role than slow growers in this species.
Different strategies between queens and workers against fungal pathogens in the termite Reticulitermes chinensis
Authors: Dong Ya‐Nan , Niu Tong , Bai Zhuang‐Dong , Wang Huan , Wang Chao , Dunn Derek W. , Zhang He , Wang Rui‐Wu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSocial insects are prone to pathogen infection because of high exposure rates from social interactions. However, it remains unclear whether queens have enhanced pathogen resistance, because reproduction is largely confined to queens. Here, we used a natural host–pathogen system, the subterranean termite Reticulitermes chinensis and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, to investigate the differences in allogrooming, locomotion, and immune gene expression between queens and workers against pathogen infection. We found that fungal infection significantly reduced survival in both queens and workers. Infected queens received significantly more grooming time from sanitary nestmates than infected workers, but they returned much less grooming time to sanitary nestmates than infected workers. Infection resulted in a reduction in the average locomotion speed and distance of queens but had no effect on worker locomotion. Infection resulted in upregulated expression of two immune genes (termicin and transferrin), two antioxidant genes (CAT and SOD), and phosphate genes CYP450 in queens but not in workers. Our results indicated that eusocial termites evolved strategies that prioritize the reproductive castes' welfare in defending against the pathogen infection to ensure continued reproduction and colony persistence.
Unraveling the effects of snow cover change on vegetation productivity: Insights from underlying surface types
Authors: Wang Yunhan , Xiao Pengfeng , Zhang Xueliang , Liu Hao , Wu Youlv , Sun Liyang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChanges in snow cover have an important effect on vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), but the role of underlying surface types in this effect still remains unclear. The underlying surface refers to the surface of the Earth and is located at the bottom of the snow cover during the snow season. Here, we focus on the influence of snow cover change on GPP in Northeast China from 1982 to 2015, revealing the various dependencies of the association between snow cover and GPP on forest, grassland, and dryland. The results show that the increases in GPP in dryland and grassland are primarily influenced by the increase in snow water equivalent, while the variations in GPP in forest are primarily influenced by snow phenological indicators, with snow cover end date and snow cover days dominating GPP in the early and peak growing seasons, respectively. Additionally, snow cover can have a rather strong time‐lagged effect on GPP by changing the soil temperature in dryland. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering underlying surface types in the snow–GPP relation and provide insight into how climate change may affect ecosystems in regions with comparable underlying surface types.
Discordance between aPTT and anti‐Xa in monitoring heparin anticoagulation in mechanical circulatory support
Authors: Li Song , Li Ang , Beckman Jennifer A. , Kim Christopher , Granich Marian A. , Mondin John , Sabath Daniel E. , Garcia David A. , Mahr Claudius 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsIt is unclear whether activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) or anti‐Xa is more accurate for monitoring heparin anticoagulation in mechanical circulatory support (MCS) patients. This study investigates the relationship between aPTT and anti‐Xa in MCS patients and identifies predictors of discordance.Methods and resultsaPTT and anti‐Xa were simultaneously measured in a prospective cohort of MCS patients receiving unfractionated heparin at a tertiary academic medical centre. Therapeutic aPTT and anti‐Xa levels were 60–100 s and 0.3–0.7 IU/mL, respectively, and concordance was defined as both levels being subtherapeutic, therapeutic, or supratherapeutic. To identify predictors of discordance, both a machine learning random forest model and a multivariate regression model were applied to patient demographics, device type, and 14 laboratory variables; 23 001 pairs of simultaneously measured aPTT/anti‐Xa were collected from 699 MCS patients. aPTT and anti‐Xa were concordant in 35.5% of paired observations and discordant in 64.5% (aPTT > antiXa 61.5%; aPTT < antiXa 3.0%). Discordance with a high aPTT relative to anti‐Xa (aPTT > antiXa) was associated with high INR, eGFR, and total bilirubin, as well as low platelets, haemoglobin, pre‐albumin, white blood cell count, and haptoglobin. Total artificial heart and durable ventricular assist devices were more likely to be associated with aPTT > anti‐Xa than temporary MCS devices.ConclusionsaPTT and anti‐Xa were frequently discordant in MCS patients receiving heparin anticoagulation. Clinical conditions common in MCS patients such as concurrent warfarin use, malnutrition, haemolysis, and thrombocytopenia, as well as durable type of MCS devices were associated with a high aPTT relative to anti‐Xa.
Iron homeostasis, recycling and vulnerability in the stressed kidney: A neglected dimension of iron‐deficient heart failure
Authors: Packer Milton 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe available evidence suggests that the kidney may contribute importantly to the development of an iron deficiency state in patients with heart failure and may be injured by therapeutic efforts to achieve iron repletion. The exceptional workload of the proximal renal tubule requires substantial quantities of iron for ATP synthesis, which it derives from Fe3+ bound to transferrin in the bloodstream. Following ferrireduction, Fe2+ is conveyed by divalent transporters (e.g. DMT1) out of the endosome of the proximal renal tubule, and highly reactive Fe2+ can be directed to the mitochondria, sequestered safely in a ferritin nanocage or exported through the actions of hepcidin‐inhibitable ferroportin. The actions of ferroportin, together with transferrin endocytosis and DMT1‐mediated transport, play a key role in the recycling of iron from the tubular fluid into the bloodstream and preventing the loss of filtered iron in the urine. Activation of endogenous neurohormonal systems and proinflammatory signalling in heart failure decrease megalin‐mediated uptake and DMT1 expression, and increase hepcidin‐mediated suppression of ferroportin, promoting the loss of iron in the urine and contributing to the development of an iron deficiency state. Furthermore, the failure of ferroportin‐mediated efflux at the basolateral membrane heightens the susceptibility of the renal tubules to cytosolic excesses of Fe2+, causing lipid peroxidation and synchronized cell death (ferroptosis) through the iron‐dependent free radical theft of electrons from lipids in the cell membrane. Ferroptosis is a central mechanism to most disorders that can cause acute and chronic kidney disease. Short‐term bolus administration of intravenous iron can cause oxidative stress and is accompanied by markers of renal injury. Experimentally, long‐term maintenance of an iron‐replete state is accompanied by accelerated loss of nephrons, oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Intravenous iron therapy increases glomerular filtration rate rapidly in patients with heart failure (perhaps because of a haemodynamic effect) but not in patients with chronic kidney disease, and the effects of intravenous iron on the progression of renal dysfunction in the long‐term trials — AFFIRM‐AHF, IRONMAN and HEART‐FID — have not yet been reported. Given the potential role of dysregulated renal iron homeostasis in the pathogenesis of iron deficiency and the known vulnerability of the kidney to intravenous iron, the appropriate level of iron repletion with respect to the risk of acute and chronic kidney injury in patients with heart failure requires further study.
Tackling water scarcity in agriculture—Asian Development Bank's perspective
Authors: Yokoyama Kenichi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract‘Tackling water scarcity in agriculture’, which is the theme of the 25th Congress of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), is at the crux of the global challenge of ensuring a climate‐resilient and water‐ and food‐secure world for future generations. The Asian region faces significant threats due to its high vulnerability to climate change impacts and growing food insecurity and water stress across many river basins. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is stepping up assistance in line with the international commitments by the multilateral financial institutions. There are significant opportunities that are tapped to address this theme, including (i) exploring and replicating highly successful experiences of enhancing irrigated agriculture productivity manifold as seen in the Indian states of Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh and in other South Asian countries; (ii) reinvigorating efforts to operationalize integrated water resources management in river basins; (iii) adopting new technologies, such as remote sensing and automation, and digital technologies, including artificial intelligence; and (iv) pursuing institutional and financing innovations. Resources of ADB and other multilateral institutions can be utilized to develop and demonstrate successful innovations before they are replicated by the own sources of the developing countries.
Application of a terminal schedule probe method to inform schedule thinning with multiple schedules
Authors: Strohmeier Craig W. , Cengher Mirela , Chin Michelle D. , Falligant John Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultiple schedules are effective at decreasing challenging behavior and maintaining alternative behavior at acceptable levels. Currently, no conclusive guidance is available for empirically deriving multiple‐schedule components (continuous reinforcement for alternative behavior and extinction for challenging behavior [discriminative stimulus] and extinction for both alternative and challenging behavior [delta stimulus]) during the schedule‐thinning process. In the current investigation, we describe a terminal schedule probe method to determine delta stimulus starting points and strategies for subsequent schedule‐thinning progressions to reach caregiver‐informed terminal schedules. We review schedule‐thinning outcomes for a clinical cohort using a consecutive controlled case series approach and report results for two groups: One group included applications of terminal probe thinning (n = 24), and the other involved traditional dense‐to‐lean thinning (n = 18). Outcomes suggest that the terminal schedule probe method produced effective treatments with less resurgence of challenging behavior and leaner, more feasible, multiple schedules.