bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin, Organic, Semiconductor/Polymer Blends by Scanning Corona‐Discharge Coating for High‐Performance Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Jung Hee Joon , Shin Yu Jin , Park Youn Jung , Yoon Sung Cheol , Choi Dong Hoon , Park Cheolmin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new thin‐film coating process, scanning corona‐discharge coating (SCDC), to fabricate ultrathin tri‐isopropylsilylethynyl pentacene (TIPS‐PEN)/amorphous‐polymer blend layers suitable for high‐performance, bottom‐gate, organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) is described. The method is based on utilizing the electrodynamic flow of gas molecules that are corona‐discharged at a sharp metallic tip under a high voltage and subsequently directed towards a bottom electrode. With the static movement of the bottom electrode, on which a blend solution of TIPS‐PEN and an amorphous polymer is deposited, SCDC provides an efficient route to produce uniform blend films with thicknesses of less than one hundred nanometers, in which the TIPS‐PEN and the amorphous polymer are vertically phase‐separated into a bilayered structure with a single‐crystalline nature of the TIPS‐PEN. A bottom‐gate field‐effect transistor with a blend layer of TIPS‐PEN/polystyrene (PS) (90/10 wt%) operated at ambient conditions, for example, indeed exhibits a highly reliable device performance with a field‐effect mobility of approximately 0.23 cm2 V−1 s−1: two orders of magnitude greater than that of a spin‐coated blend film. SCDC also turns out to be applicable to other amorphous polymers, such as poly(α‐methyl styrene) and poly(methyl methacrylate) and, readily combined with the conventional transfer‐printing technique, gives rise to micropatterned arrays of TIPS‐PEN/polymer films.
Iron‐Catalyzed Epoxidation of Aromatic Olefins and 1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Schröder Kristin , Enthaler Stephan , Join Benoît , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe combination of iron(III) chloride, pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid and formamidine ligands allows for the epoxidation of styrenes and conjugated dienes in excellent chemoselectivity and yields.
A Palladium Wall Coated Microcapillary Reactor for Use in Continuous Flow Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Hornung Christian H. , Hallmark Bart , Mackley Malcolm R. , Baxendale Ian R. , Ley Steven V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHerein we describe the preparation of a novel continuous flow multi‐channel microreactor in which the internal surface has been functionalised with a palladium coating, enabling its use in catalytic heterogeneous liquid‐phase reactions. Simple chemical deposition techniques were used to immobilise palladium(0) on the channel wall surface of a polymeric multi‐capillary extrudate made from ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer. The Pd coating of the microcapillaries has been characterised by mass spectrometry and light and electron microscopy. The functional activity of the catalytic Pd layer was tested in a series of transfer hydrogenation reactions using triethylsilane as the hydrogen source.
Ring Expansion versus Cyclization in 4‐Oxoazetidine‐2‐ carbaldehydes Catalyzed by Molecular Iodine: Experimental and Theoretical Study in Concert
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Cabrero Gema , Callejo Ricardo , Ruiz M. Pilar , Arnó Manuel , Domingo Luis R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMolecular iodine (10 mol%) efficiently catalyzes the ring expansion of 4‐oxoazetidine‐2‐carbaldehydes in the presence of tert‐butyldimethylsilyl cyanide, or allylic and propargylic trimethylsilanes to afford protected 5‐functionalized‐3,4‐dihydroxypyrrolidin‐2‐ones with good yield and high diastereoselectivity, through a C3C4 bond cleavage of the β‐lactam nucleus. Interestingly, in contrast to the iodine‐catalyzed reactions of 3‐alkoxy‐β‐lactam aldehydes which lead to the corresponding γ‐lactam derivatives (rearrangement adducts), the reactions of 3‐aryloxy‐β‐lactam aldehydes under similar conditions gave β‐lactam‐fused chromanes (cyclization adducts) as the sole products, through exclusive electrophilic aromatic substitution involving the C3 aromatic ring and the carbaldehyde. In order to support the mechanistic proposals, theoretical studies have been performed.
Extremely Efficient Cross‐Coupling of Benzylic Halides with Aryltitanium Tris(isopropoxide) Catalyzed by Low Loadings of a Simple Palladium(II) Acetate/Tris(p‐tolyl)phosphine System
Authors: Chen Chi‐Ren , Zhou Shuangliu , Biradar Deepak Baburao , Gau Han‐Mou 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHighly efficient coupling reactions of benzylic bromides or chlorides with aryltitanium tris(isopropoxide) [ArTi(O‐i‐Pr)3] catalyzed by a simple palladium(II) acetate/tris(p‐tolyl)phosphine [Pd(OAc)2/ P(p‐tolyl)3] system are reported. The coupling reactions proceed in general at room temperature employing low catalyst loadings of 0.02 to 0.2 mol%, affording coupling products in excellent yields of up to 99%. For benzylic bromides bearing strong electron‐withdrawing cyano (CN) or trifluoromethyl (CF3) substituents, the reactions require a higher catalyst loading of 1 mol%, or the reactions are carried out at 60 °C. The catalytic system also tolerates (1‐bromoethyl)benzene bearing β‐hydrogen atoms while using a catalyst loading of 1 mol% to afford the coupling product in a 70% yield.
Measurement and interpretation of cavitation noise in a hybrid hydrodynamic cavitating device
Authors: Quan Ke‐Ming , Avvaru Balasubrahmanyam , Pandit Aniruddha B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the recent past, a number of new methods of utilizing hydrodynamic cavitation to create more intense and energy efficient liquid processes have come into existence. However, it is technically challenging to characterize these processes either quantitatively or qualitatively (Patil NM, M. chemical engineering Thesis submitted to Mumbai University, India, 2001). In this work, a hybrid device producing more energy intensive cavitation has been described, which has a blade positioned in the back pressure zone (downstream side of the orifice plate). This method of cavitation production route has been quantitatively described in the form of hydrophone measured pressure signals. Fast Fourier Transform analysis (FFT) analysis has been applied to the signal obtained at various positions of the blade, and at different inlet and outlet (back) pressures. Qualitatively analysis in terms of cavity size distribution and the total number of cavitational bubbles has been conducted, using a slightly modified technique of inverse FFT reconstruction procedure originally developed by Avvaru and Pandit to model cavity size distribution. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Bayesian method for multirate data synthesis and model calibration
Authors: Shao Xinguang , Huang Biao , Lee Jong Min , Xu Fangwei , Espejo Aris 
Published: July 2010

AbstractData‐driven models are widely used in process industries for monitoring and control purposes. No matter what kind of models one chooses, model‐plant mismatch always exists; it is, therefore, important to implement model update strategies using the latest observation information of the investigated process. In practice, multiple observation sources such as frequent but inaccurate or accurate but infrequent measurements coexist for a same quality variable. In this article, we show how the flexibility of the Bayesian approach can be exploited to account for multiple‐source observations with different degrees of belief. A practical Bayesian fusion formulation with time‐varying variances is proposed to deal with possible abnormal observations. A sequential Monte Carlo sampling based particle filter is used for simultaneously handling systematic and nonsystematic errors (i.e., bias and noise) in the presence of process constraints. The proposed method is illustrated through a simulation example and a data‐driven soft sensor application in an oil sands froth treatment process. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 57: 1514–1525, 2011
Analysis of GWAS top hits in ADHD suggests association to two polymorphisms located in genes expressed in the cerebellum
Authors: Lantieri Francesca , Glessner Joseph T. , Hakonarson Hakon , Elia Josephine , Devoto Marcella 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder influenced by genetic factors. Several chromosomal regions with potential linkage and candidate genes associations have been reported, but findings are often inconsistent and non‐replicated. The few genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) carried out so far differ for study design and phenotypes analyzed, and did not detect any association significant at the genome‐wide level. In the present study we examined the top SNPs reported in the GWAS by Neale et al. 2008 in an independent cohort. Although our sample size is smaller (415 trios vs. 909), the power was sufficient to confirm the role of candidate markers in ADHD if a true association exists. Two out of 36 top SNPs were significant at α = 0.05 in our sample, although none was still significant after correction for multiple tests. These two SNPs are both located in genes coding for as yet uncharacterized proteins expressed in the cerebellum, XKR4 in 8q12.1, and FAM190A in 4q22.1. Three other FAM190A SNPs have TDT P‐values of <10−5 in our sample, a level of significance only reached by a total of five SNPs in our genome‐wide data. While these findings could be due to chance, we cannot exclude that these markers are indeed associated to disease risk. Remarkably, brain imaging studies have shown reduction of the posterior inferior cerebellar lobules volume of ADHD boys and girls compared to controls, persistent with age and not present in unaffected siblings, suggesting that the cerebellum may be directly related to pathophysiology of ADHD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hunting strategies in wild common marmosets are prey and age dependent
Authors: Schiel Nicola , Souto Antonio , Huber Ludwig , Bezerra Bruna M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe investigated the hunting strategies of wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to determine whether the strategies differed among animals of different age classes and/or prey type. The study was conducted in a fragment of Atlantic Rain Forest, situated 40 km from Recife (PE/Brazil). Twenty‐seven individuals from four social groups were observed. Captured prey items were divided into three categories. The hunting strategies of the common marmosets were ranked into four categories. The acquisition of larger prey (items more than 2.0 cm) involved the appropriate body movements and postures that concealed the approaching marmosets, whereas the acquisition of smaller prey (items under 2.0 cm) involved less concealing behaviors. Furthermore, adults and juveniles (age ≥5 months) were more capable of capturing larger prey than were younger (1–2 months) or older infants (3–4 months). Although older infants were successful in capturing certain prey, they often failed when they attempted to capture larger prey that jumped and/or used flight to escape. The results suggest that both the experience of the monkeys and escape behavior of the prey affect predation efficiency in wild common marmosets. Am. J. Primatol. 72:1039–1046, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcomes research in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Lessons learned from the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical assessment, research, and education database
Authors: Miller Robert G. , Anderson Fred , Brooks Benjamin Rix , Mitsumoto Hiroshi , Bradley Walter G. , Ringel Steven P. ,   ALS CARE Study Group
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the care of patients with ALS following the publication of the standardized recommendations for the management of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) published in 1999 by the American Academy of Neurology.MethodsSpecific aspects of ALS patient management have been evaluated serially using a national Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Clinical Assessment, Research, and Education (ALS CARE) database to encourage compliance with these recommendations and to assure continuing quality improvement.ResultsThe most recent analysis of 5,600 patients shows interesting epidemiological observations and treatment trends. Proper management of many ALS symptoms has increased substantially since the first publication of the guidelines, and awareness of pseudobulbar affect has increased. Other recommendations are underutilized: Only 9% undergo percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, although this procedure was recommended in 22% of patients; and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation was used by only 21% of patients despite being associated with improved 5‐year survival rates.InterpretationThis observational database has been a useful tool in monitoring compliance with the standard of care for patients with ALS and may have resulted in greater adherence to guidelines. Ann Neurol 2009;65 (suppl):S24–S28
Collective Experimental Work in Information Science Teaching
Authors: Bottle R. T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBecause of the statistical nature of much information science research, a heuristic approach would frequently require much time consuming data collection. Although the student may gain little fresh insight into the system, problem, service, etc., under study, once the first few items of data have been examined, many more are required if the study is to have any statistical meaning. Experiments (equivalent to laboratory work in the sciences) should have their data collection part shared around the class and the students' collective results processed and discussed in a subsequent seminar. Sample experiments on edge punched cards, information content of titles, thesis literature, etc. are discussed.
Clinician Search for Information
Authors: Friedlander Janet 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe use of a medical library by members of the faculty of a medical school was studied by questionnaire in an effort to ascertain the part the library played, among channels of communication, in work‐related information searches. The study described the population of users and the kinds of sources they utilized in an information search, in an effort to identify the factors influencing their choice of kinds of sources and leading to the possibility of predicting use of kinds of sources once the characteristics of the users were known. It brought out a high use of sources which are accessible and easy to use. The tabulations show the importance of co‐workers in informal communication. Low delegation of documentation tasks to libraries was apparent. The main user of the library studied was a clinician in the area of internal medicine who used journal articles about diseases for information to use in the treatment of his patients. The recommendations were made that journals should be shelved accessibly, with Index Medicus nearby. Books might be shelved less accessibly. Telephone access to the library is of major importance as is the provision of adequate photocopying facilities.
Opinion Paper: Euronet and its Effects on the U.S. Information Market
Authors: Brenner Everett H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe startup of Euronet in 1979 may eventually result in increased hourly charges to U.S. on‐line users. This would arise from a drain‐off of European business; access for Europeans to U.S. data processors has been made artificially expensive by the telecommunication charge established by the Postal and Telecommunications Administrations of the European Economic Community countries. Since the major data bases on the Euronet system will be U.S. produced, a plea is made for concerted effort by U.S. data producers and users to assure competitive communication rates in Europe.
Man, Information, and Society: New Patterns of Interaction
Authors: Artandi Susan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCharacteristic of today's socially, economically, and technologically complex society is an ever‐growing information output coupled with a constantly increasing reliance on information. Information is considered a resource and there is recognition of the political and economic value of information. Superimposed on the new information environment is a sophisticated information technology raising a variety of issues relating to such things as the freedom and privacy of the individual, its effect on those who interact with it, and the new social stratification system it seems to imply.
Planning and Budgeting for School Media Programs at the Building, District, and Regional Levels: O.R. in the Little Red Schoolhouse
Authors: Kraft Donald H. , Liesener James W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe problems of resource allocation in the school library are analyzed and a practical operations research (O.R.) approach towards accountability is presented. A discussion of the nine‐step solution procedure is given, including the use of four planning instruments: inventory of services, preference form, data collection guide, and program costing matrix. The use of cost‐benefit analysis is shown to be helpful in determining the “best” allocation strategy. There is a presentation of implementation suggestions, and examples of the use of the methodology in actual school situations are given. Extensions of the work from building level school library media programs to district (system) and regional level learning resource (media) programs are also presented.
ANSI 239 Romanization Standards and “Reversibility”: A Dialog to Arrive at a Policy
Authors: Brandhorst Ted 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe June 1977 issue of the Bulletin Of the American Society for Information Science (p. 35) carried a short position statement prepared by Ben Ami Lipetz, Chairman of the ASIS Standards Committee, on the subject of “Standards for Romanization of Languages That Use Non‐Roman Alphabets.” That statement is reproduced below with the permission of the Bulletin. The statement recommends that ANSI 239 reexamine the basic premises behind its romanization work, and that it establish “reversibility” as the guiding principle for all future work. Reversibility refers to the ability to transliterate both forward (from original to rendered version) and backward (from rendered version to original) without ambiguity or loss of information in either direction. The statement regards reversibility in transliteration as essential in an age of machine‐readable bibliographic records.
The Electronic Journal: A Progress Report
Authors: Turoff Murray , Hiltz Starr Roxanne 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe concept of the journal is reexamined in the light of current computer‐communications technology. Four forms of electronic journals on the Electronic Information Exchange System (EIES) are described as divergent examples of potential journal forms that could become prominent in the future. These are (1) an informal newsletter, (2) an unrefereed “Paper Fair, “ (3) a journal which replicates the traditional print‐based system, and (4) a highly structured inquiry‐response system. The economic imperatives which will force the replacement of current print‐based journals are reviewed. It is predicted that the next few decades will witness the emergence of networks of small computer systems dedicated to dispersed journal functions and under the control of the primary communities responsible for the creation of the information.
Information Policies of Developing Countries: The Case of Brazil
Authors: Rosenberg Victor 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe information policies of developing and industrialized countries are created to protect the vital interests of the country. Brazil is used to illustrate various policies regulating information transfer, computer hardware, and computer software. Brazil's policies are compared with the policies of industrialized countries. The analysis illustrates some of the tradeoffs faced by information policymakers and planners in a developing country.
A Zipfian Model of an Automatic Bibliographic System: An Application to MEDLINE
Authors: Fedorowicz Jane 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA Zipfian model of an automatic bibliographic system is developed using parameters describing the contents of Its database and its inverted file. The underlying structure of the Zipf distribution is derived, with particular emphasis on its application to work frequencies, especlaiiy with regard to the inverted files of an automatic bibliographic system. Andrew Booth developed a form of Zipf's law which estimates the number of words of a particular frequency for a given author and text. His formulation has been adopted as the basis of a model of term dispersion in an inverted file system. The model is also distinctive in its consideration of the proliferation of spelling errors in free text, and the inclusion of all searchable elements from the system's Inverted file. This model is applied to the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE. The model carries implications for the determination of database storage requirements, search response time, and search exhaustiveness.
Split Citation Identity: A Case Study from Economics
Authors: Cozzens Susan E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCited documents are concept symbols, that Is, authors cite works which embody ideas they discuss in their papers. Many documents are standard symbols for a single concept, but others are used in connection with multiple concepts. This study, which reviews such a case, reveals the cause of split citation identity: the use of the same document by different networks of researchers. In this case study, citations to a 1948 paper by Lawrence Klein and Herman Rubin are analyzed. The paper introduced the linear expenditure system. In the period 1975–1977, it was being used in connection with two different phrases and two different bibliographic references by two networks of researchers, one dealing with consumer demand systems and the other with the extended linear expenditure system. This article discusses the implications of split citation identity for the analysis of citations to individual articles.
Videodisc Technology
Authors: Marsh Fred E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMajor areas of videodisc systems technology are Identified and briefly described. The operation, reliability, storage capacities, and applications of two laser systems are presented in detail. These systems include (1) the consumer optical videodisc used in the distribution of films and tutorial types of educational programs and (2) the high‐density storage optical digital disc used for both digital and image storage. The versatility of the optical digital disc is illustrated by its capabilities to digitize a large collection of bibliographic data and to image process the full text of energy documents. The development and application of videodiscs is one of several technologies that will have a profound Impact on our society. It is one of the first major areas of modern consumer electronics in which the U.S. has assumed a dominant role. As advances in this field are made, possibilities of new methodologies in information storage and retrieval will evolve.
On the Heterogeneity and Classification of Author Self‐Citations
Authors: Lawani Stephen M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe heterogeneity of author self‐citations is highlighted and a systematic scheme for their classification is presented. Self‐citations are either synchronous or diachronous and each of these classes or genera has four subclasses or species. The distribution of self‐citations among the four species is governed by a number of factors including collaborative tendencies in the discipline or research specialty and the relative statuses of the collaborating authors. The classification of self‐citations may be applied to study aspects of research collaboration and the matter of egotism in scholarly work.