bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actividad Antimicrobiana de Pulpa Frutal de T. Indica ante Microorganismos de Interés Clínico
Authors: Cortez Ávarez Cesar Ricardo , García Robles Jorge Enrique , Novoa Pinzón Emmanuel , Olea Rodríguez María de los Ángeles , Abud González Monserratt , Hernández Trejo Mary Keiby , Escutia Gutiérrez Rebeca , Guevara Martínez Santiago José 
Published: May 2024

Las plantas ofrecen una amplia gama de posibilidades para extraer principios activos con potencial farmacológico. Gran parte de los principios activos presentan capacidad antimicrobiana. El fruto de Tamarindus indica está conformado por sacáridos, ácidos orgánicos como es el ácido tartárico, ácido málico y ascórbico, sales de potasio, hierro y fósforo. Los extractos acuosos de las flores exhiben actividad antimicrobiana en hongos patógenos y bacterias. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de extractos obtenidos de pulpa de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica) en microorganismos patógenos para el ser humano. Se aplicó un estudio experimental y estadístico no paramétrico, la investigación incluye experimentación para obtención de extractos por tres métodos; infusión, maceración y arrastre de vapor. Se realizó la determinación de actividad antimicrobiana contra los microorganismos: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Shigella sonnei y Staphylococcus aureus. Se obtuvieron los extractos por los tres métodos, se confirmó la capacidad antimicrobiana de los extractos frente a los microorganismos. Por lo tanto, el incremento de cantidad de pulpa de tamarindo que se obtuvo con el método de arrastre de vapor no mejoró los efectos antimicrobianos. Mientras que el aumento de la cantidad pesada de pulpa de tamarindo para los métodos de infusión y maceración, se encontró una mejor respuesta antimicrobiana determinada por el aumento en halos de inhibición.
Monitoreo de la Calidad del Agua en Criaderos de Tilapias Mediante Tecnologías Lpwan y VPS
Authors: Cardozo Ramirez Luis Enrique , Calle Viles Eynar , Fuentes Telleria Remmy , Ramos Silvestre Edgar Roberto , Tavera Gutierrez David Fabian 
Published: May 2024

La acuicultura cuenta con sistemas de monitoreo de calidad del agua tradicionales, que recurren al control de los parámetros fisicoquímicos de forma manual, por esta razón se desarrolló e implementó una plataforma de monitoreo automático en tiempo real, la cual permite el análisis remoto de variables fisicoquímicas en criaderos de tilapias. Este sistema utiliza sensores de temperatura, pH, oxígeno disuelto y turbidez, que están conectados a microcontroladores encargados del procesamiento de datos y la transmisión a través de redes (LPWAN). Estos datos son transmitidos a través de modulación de radiofrecuencia LoRa, y están interconectados con un Gateway, que funciona como un enlace entre el nodo final y la infraestructura de red convencional basada en TCP/IP, para retransmitirla empleando el protocolo MQTT a un Bróker, alojado en un (VPS), de tal forma que la información se presenta mediante una interfaz de usuario basada en Web, los datos son visualizados en un dashboard, con la opción de acceder a tablas y gráficos de registro históricos de los parámetros monitoreados. Este método permite que criaderos ubicados en zonas rurales lejanas, con un acceso limitado de ancho de banda a internet, puedan contar con un sistema de monitoreo en tiempo real.
To Determine Mean Change In Weight Of Patients Undergoing Maxillomandibular Fixation
Authors: Mushtaq Osama , Shuja Eruj , Ahmed Momina , Hassan Amna , Asim Muhammad Adil , Siddiq Maimona 
Published: May 2024

Objective: Optimum management of patient needs is the most important step for the restoration of form and function. Maxillomandibular fixation is one of the treatment modalities used very frequently in maxillofacial surgery. This study aims to determine the mean change in weight in patients undergoing Maxillomandibular Fixation.
Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Foundation University Medical College from 27th April 2018 to 22nd January 2019.
This study included patients male and female, who presented with maxillofacial trauma, orthognathic surgery and procedures in which MMF ( Maxillomandibular fixation ) was indicated were included in this study. Pre-operative weight was measured in kilograms with an analogue weight machine and designated as W1. Patients were advised to a liquid diet and kept on follow-up. After four weeks of MMF again weight of the patient was measured and designated as W2. Follow-up was done through the patient's contact number.
Results: In this study, the mean weight of patients preoperatively was 59.46±12.23 Kg. The postoperative mean weight of patients was 57.81±11.58 Kg. A decrease of 1.65 Kg was seen in the patient’s weight postoperatively. No significant difference was seen for weight change in patients postoperatively with age, gender, educational status, occupational status, socioeconomic status and an indication of MMF.
Conclusion: Results of this study showed weight loss in patients who underwent maxillomandibular fixation. This factor should be considered during the perioperative period to prevent postoperative complications, postoperative weight loss, and malnutrition of patients undergoing maxillomandibular surgery and reflect the need for guidance on diet postoperatively, mainly directed to frequency of feeding and high protein liquid diet and nutritional supplements.
Keywords: Body mass index, Facial trauma, Maxillomandibular Fixation, Mandibular fracture, Open reduction internal fixation, Orthognathic surgery, Weight loss.
Use Of Apitherapy: A Sweet Approach To Bony Healing Of Extracted Tooth Socket
Authors: Ayub Tahera , Kashif Mehwash , Abbasi Sahar , Baig Mirza Hamid , Azeem Syeda Arzoo , Aleem Abdul 
Published: May 2024

Objective: To determine the effect of honey in enhancing the height of bony socket healing after tooth extraction.
Methods: This Quasi-experimental study includes 100 patients had were selected through convenience sampling and divided into two groups, i.e. 50 each. A tooth radiograph was taken both preoperatively and postoperatively followed by nonsurgical extraction of tooth. The experimental group was provided with honey and instructed to apply it 3 times daily for the next 10 days using an I/V syringe so that honey reached up to the depth of the socket during the initial healing phase. On the 90th postoperative day, patients were repeated with the periapical radiograph. The bony outline of the extracted tooth socket was traced on a tracing paper on the preoperative radiograph and the 90th postoperative day of the radiograph and compared for wound healing by overlapping and measuring the height through a ruler. Hence, the post-operative height of the socket was evaluated in both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0.
Results: The mean age was 30.76 ± 6.57 and 31.02 ± 5.97 years in the non-honey and honey group respectively. A total of 24 (48%) subjects were male in the honey group compared with the non-honey group 19 (38%). Females were 26 (52%) and 31 (62%) in the honey group and non-honey group. Statistically significant (p-value 0.001) was observed between the radiological Height of the socket on 90 days in honey and non-honey groups.
Conclusion: It has been determined that honey is significantly efficient honey in enhancing the height of bony socket healing after tooth extraction. To encourage adequate socket repair after tooth extraction, it may be given as a postoperative treatment.
The Effects Of Acute Kidney Injury On The Outcomes Of Patients With Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Mahmud Mahvesh , Baqai Khurram , Kumar Ashok 
Published: May 2024

Objective: To determine the clinical outcomes of patients with acute kidney injury in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), as it is a very frequently encountered condition with high morbidity and treatment costs. We aimed to study the differences in clinical outcomes in patients with UGIB who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) and those who did not.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between Jan 1 and Jun 30, 2023, at a private hospital in Karachi. 200 cases with upper gastrointestinal bleeding were recruited by non-probability sampling after participant assent. 100 patients comprised the acute kidney injury (AKI group) and 100 patients were without AKI. Participants documented age, gender, and co-morbidities in a self-structured questionnaire. Clinical outcomes i.e. hypoalbuminemia, hospital stay and mortality were evaluated and compared.
Results: Mean age was 45.03+9.17 years in AKI group and 45.57+9.31 years in without AKI, p-value=0.680, albumin levels in AKI was 2.74+0.43 and without AKI 3.18+0.31, p-value=0.00, Hb level in AKI group was 9.07+0.83 and without AKI 9.54+1.04, p-value=0.001, mean hospital stay in AKI group was 5.21+1.00 and without AKI group 4.20+0.96 days, p-value=0.000. A comparison of the two groups regarding gender and clinical outcome shows that 58 (58%) in AKI and 56%(56) without AKI were male whereas 42 (42%) in AKI and 44 (44%) without AKI were females, mortality in AKI group was 27(27%) and in without AKI group 8(8%) cases, p-value=0.000.
Conclusion: We concluded that the rate of clinical outcome in terms of hospital stay, hypoalbuminemia and mortality was adverse in upper gastrointestinal bleeding with AKI than those without AKI.
Keywords: Acute kidney injury, gastrointestinal bleeding, clinical outcome.
Association Of Functional Dyspepsia With Depression; Gut-Brain Axis And Mental Health
Authors: Shams Nadia , Usmani Fareya , Andaleeb Hina , Niaz Furquana , Meraj Lubna , Munir Nargis 
Published: May 2024

Objective: Current study aimed to determine the frequency and associations of depression in patients with & without Functional dyspepsia.
Method: This case control study was conducted at Dept. of Medicine, RIHS, Islamabad (Jan-June 2023) after ethical approval. Cases & controls (150 each) were selected from outdoor clinics according to inclusion/exclusion criteria & informed consent was obtained. The previous medical record (including findings of upper GI Endoscopy) reviewed. Selected cases and controls were asked questions from DSM-IV Criteria of Depression. Data analyzed by SPSS with significant p<0.05.
Results: There were 72(48 %) males & 78(52%) females in each group. Mean age was 43.7+13.79 years (FD patients) vs. 46.24+15.27 years (controls). Mean BMI was 24.84+4.18 (FD patients) vs. 25.38+4.52 (controls). There was no significant difference in gender, marital status & background of both groups. There was significantly more depression in FD patients Vs. controls (p<0.05). Among FD patients 57(38%) had major depression, 41(27.33%) minor depression & 52(34.66%) were not depressed. Among controls 41(27.33%) had major depression, 30(20%) minor depression & 79(52.66%) not depressed. Among FD patients, depression wasn’t associated with age. Controls above 40 years had significantly higher major depression (p<0.001). Female gender & unemployment was significantly associated with depression in both the groups (p<0.05). 49.3% of FD patients were employed vs. 67.3% of controls.
Conclusion: The adjustment for gender, age, marital status, BMI, background & monthly income confirmed the association between Functional dyspepsia & depression. Female gender, unemployment and low educational status being possible risk factors for depression among FD patients. As compared to normal healthy people, FD patients are likely to have depression at younger age.
Key words: Functional dyspepsia. Depression. DSM-IV Criteria
On the Formation of the W-shaped O ii Lines in Spectra of Type I Superluminous Supernovae
Authors: Saito Sei , Tanaka Masaomi , Mazzali Paolo A. , Hachinger Stephan , Hotokezaka Kenta 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
H-poor Type I superluminous supernovae (SLSNe I) are characterized by O ii lines around 4000–4500 Å in pre-/near-maximum spectra, the so-called W-shaped O ii lines. As these lines are from relatively high excitation levels, they have been considered a sign of nonthermal processes, which may provide a hint of the power sources of SLSNe I. However, the conditions for these lines to appear have not been well understood. In this work, we systematically calculate synthetic spectra to reproduce the observed spectra of eight SLSNe I, parameterizing departure coefficients from the nebular approximation in the supernova ejecta (expressed as b
neb). We find that most of the observed spectra can be well reproduced with b
neb ≲ 10, which means that no strong departure is necessary for the formation of the W-shaped O ii lines. We also show that the appearance of the W-shaped O ii lines is sensitive to temperature; only spectra with temperatures in the range of T ∼ 14,000–16,000 K can produce the W-shaped O ii lines without large departures. Based on this, we constrain the nonthermal ionization rate near the photosphere. Our results suggest that spectral features of SLSNe I can give independent constraints on the power source through the nonthermal ionization rates.
Optical Photometric Indicators of Galaxy Cluster Relaxation
Authors: Casas Madeline C. , Putnam Ky , Mantz Adam B. , Allen Steven W. , Somboonpanyakul Taweewat 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The most dynamically relaxed clusters of galaxies play a special role in cosmological studies as well as astrophysical studies of the intracluster medium (ICM) and active galactic nucleus feedback. While high-spatial-resolution imaging of the morphology of the ICM has long been the gold standard for establishing a cluster’s dynamical state, such data are not available from current or planned surveys, and thus require separate, pointed follow-up observations. With optical and/or near-IR photometric imaging, and red-sequence cluster finding results from those data, expected to be ubiquitously available for clusters discovered in upcoming optical and millimeter-wavelength surveys, it is worth asking how effectively photometric data alone can identify relaxed cluster candidates, before investing in, e.g., high-resolution X-ray observations. Here we assess the ability of several simple photometric measurements, based on the redMaPPer cluster finder run on Sloan Digital Sky Survey data, to reproduce X-ray classifications of dynamical state for an X-ray selected sample of massive clusters. We find that two simple metrics contrasting the bright central galaxy (BCG) to other cluster members can identify a complete sample of relaxed clusters with a purity of ∼40% in our data set. Including minimal ICM information in the form of a center position increases the purity to ∼60%. However, all three metrics depend critically on correctly identifying the BCG, which is presently a challenge for optical red-sequence cluster finders.
High-resolution Pan-STARRS and SMA Observations of IRAS 23077+6707: A Giant Edge-on Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Monsch Kristina , Lovell Joshua Bennett , Berghea Ciprian T. , Edenhofer Gordian , Keating Garrett K. , Andrews Sean M. , Bayyari Ammar , Drake Jeremy J. , Wilner David J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present resolved images of IRAS 23077+6707 (“Dracula’s Chivito”) in 1.3 mm/225 GHz thermal dust and CO gas emission with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and optical (0.5–0.8 μm) scattered light with the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS). The Pan-STARRS data show a bipolar distribution of optically scattering dust that is characteristic for disks observed at high inclinations. Its scattered light emission spans ∼14″, with two highly asymmetric filaments extending along the upper bounds of each nebula by ∼9″. The SMA data measure 1.3 mm continuum dust as well as 12CO, 13CO, and C18O J = 2 − 1 line emission over 12″–14″ extents, with the gas presenting the typical morphology of a disk in Keplerian rotation, in both position–velocity space and in each CO line spectrum. IRAS 23077+6707 has no reported distance estimate, but if it is located in the Cepheus star-forming region (180–800 pc), it would have a radius spanning thousands of astronomical units. Taken together, we infer IRAS 23077+6707 to be a giant and gas-rich edge-on protoplanetary disk, which to our knowledge is the largest in extent so far discovered.
Improving Photometric Redshift Estimates with Training Sample Augmentation
Authors: Moskowitz Irene , Gawiser Eric , Crenshaw John Franklin , Andrews Brett H. , Malz Alex I. , Schmidt Samuel ,   The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Large imaging surveys will rely on photometric redshifts (photo-z's), which are typically estimated through machine-learning methods. Currently planned spectroscopic surveys will not be deep enough to produce a representative training sample for Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), so we seek methods to improve the photo-z estimates that arise from nonrepresentative training samples. Spectroscopic training samples for photo-z's are biased toward redder, brighter galaxies, which also tend to be at lower redshift than the typical galaxy observed by LSST, leading to poor photo-z estimates with outlier fractions nearly 4 times larger than for a representative training sample. In this Letter, we apply the concept of training sample augmentation, where we augment simulated nonrepresentative training samples with simulated galaxies possessing otherwise unrepresented features. When we select simulated galaxies with (g-z) color, i-band magnitude, and redshift outside the range of the original training sample, we are able to reduce the outlier fraction of the photo-z estimates for simulated LSST data by nearly 50% and the normalized median absolute deviation (NMAD) by 56%. When compared to a fully representative training sample, augmentation can recover nearly 70% of the degradation in the outlier fraction and 80% of the degradation in NMAD. Training sample augmentation is a simple and effective way to improve training samples for photo-z's without requiring additional spectroscopic samples.
Flyways Beyond Migratory Pathways: The Case of Waterbird Conservation
Authors: Eren Selen , Beaulieu Anne , Piersma Theunis , Crockford Nicola 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
For almost a century, the term ‘flyways’ has been used to order relations over time and space. It has been used to coordinate scientific research and communication as well as monitoring and management efforts for waterbird conservation. In this article, we revisit the concept of ‘boundary object’ (Star and Griesemer 1989) to investigate how this term ‘flyways’ has been central to common efforts while also having multiple meanings for the actors it connects. The article discusses both contemporary and historical achievements of the term by analysing its underlying knowledge infrastructure. We account for the complex assemblages of social, material, natural, and technical systems that shape how the term ‘flyway’ has been functioning as a boundary object and how this has changed over time. By discussing how the term ‘flyways’ as a boundary object and its underlying knowledge infrastructure shape each other, we empower the actors to define, visualise, communicate, and imagine flyways in more purposeful ways. Our analysis contributes to the literature on boundary objects and knowledge infrastructures by expanding their original definitions, arguing for a co-productive relation between them.
Association between clinical and sonographic patterns of major peripheral arterial occlusion among patients presenting with lower limb dry gangrene at a single center in Western Uganda
Authors: Omo Alfred , Barasa Emmanuel , Tayebwa Edson , Acan Moses , Ndanga Emile , Mercy Aturinde 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Dry gangrene occurs due to a reduced blood supply in body parts, resulting in gradual necrosis. It is among the leading indications for lower limb amputation; however, in situations where timely access of accurate diagnostic and revascularization services are limited, irrational amputations are performed based on mere physical assessment of a specific occluded major arterial segment, consequently preceded with gangrene recurrence on the same limb stump due to physical examination inaccuracies.

Objectives
We assessed the lower limb dry gangrene patterns and analyzed arterial Doppler reports of these cases to determine the associations between dry gangrene patterns and specific occluded major lower limb arteries to elevate the degree of accuracy of physical assessments.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 36 patients with lower limb dry gangrene were consecutively enrolled. Dry gangrene patterns and Doppler ultrasound reports of the major arteries of the affected lower limbs were assessed. Data were entered in EPIDATA and exported to STATA version 15 for cleaning and analysis. Clinical and sonographic characteristics are summarized as median and frequencies. Odds ratios (ORs) were tabulated and reported relating the dry gangrene patterns and major arterial occlusion levels as a measure of associations; P value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
Dry gangrenes demarcated on the toes (61.1%), toes–distal foot 27.8%, and toes–proximal foot and leg (11.1%). Doppler ultrasound revealed femoral arteries (38.9%), popliteal (66.7%), and infra-popliteal (88.9%–100%) arterial occlusions. Association between dry gangrenes demarcating toes–proximal foot and leg with femoral arterial occlusions (ORs: 6.2 and 3.2, respectively), whereas dry gangrene demarcating toes and toes–distal foot with popliteal arterial occlusions (OR, 1.6; P value, 0.05).

Conclusion
Dry gangrene demarcating the toes–proximal foot and leg has a significant association with femoral arterial occlusions, whereas demarcation at the toes and toes–distal foot are more associated with popliteal arterial occlusions.
Association between gut microbiota and central retinal artery occlusion: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Jin , Wang Xinghua , Yang Junjie , Huang Jiahui , Xie Meng , Su Zixuan , Jiang Fagang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The gut microbiota might be closely related to central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), but the causality has not been well defined. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to reveal the potential causal effect between the gut microbiota and CRAO.

Methods:
Data for gut microbiota were obtained from the genome-wide association studies of the Dutch Microbiome Project (DMP) (n = 7738) and the MiBioGen consortium (n = 18,340), and data on CRAO were obtained from samples of FinnGen project (546 cases and 344,569 controls). Causalities of exposures and outcomes were explored mainly using the inverse variance weighted method. In addition, multiple sensitivity analyses including MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), simple mode, weighted mode, and MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier were simultaneously applied to validate the final results.

Results:
We identified three microbial pathways (two risk factors/one protective factor) and seven microbial taxa (two risk factors/five protective factors) associated with CRAO in the DMP study. Based on the data from the MiBioGen consortium, we identified seven microbial taxa (two risk factors/five protective factors) associated with CRAO, including the Eubacterium genus, which was consistently identified as a risk factor in both the DMP and the MiBioGen consortium MR analyses.

Conclusion:
Our study implicates the potential causal effects of specific microbial taxa and pathways on CRAO, potentially providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of CRAO through specific gut microbial taxa and pathway. Since our conclusion is a hypothesis derived from secondary genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data analysis, further research is needed for confirmation.