bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic pneumocephalus in a dog
Authors: Haley Allison C. , Abramson Carley 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Case Description—A 17-month-old dog was evaluated because of progressive tetraparesis. The dog had a history of craniofacial trauma at 2 months of age.
Clinical Findings—Results of a neurologic examination were suggestive of a lesion localized to the medulla. Computed tomography revealed extensive pneumocephalus extending throughout the ventricular system and into the cranial cervical subarachnoid space.
Treatment and Outcome—Because of the deterioration in the dog's clinical condition, an emergency bilateral transfrontal craniectomy was performed. A large amount of pyogranulomatous material was found intraoperatively. Neurologic and computed tomographic abnormalities were no longer evident during a recheck examination 8 weeks after surgery.
Clinical Relevance—Findings suggested that pneumocephalus should be considered in the differential diagnosis for dogs with neurologic signs of an intracranial abnormality, particularly if the dog has a history of craniofacial trauma.
The concentration of uric acid in patients with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Kowalski Jan , Krzemińska Anna , Banach Maciej , Pawlicki Lucjan , Śliwczyńska-Rodziewicz Dorota , Barylski Marcin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe association of elevated serum uric acid (hyperuricemia, gout) with the presence of classical coronary risk factors and coronary artery disease (CAD) or myocardial infarction (MI) has been analysed in many epidemiological studies. Numerous studies have revealed that hypertension, high body mass index (BMI), lipid disorders (especially raised triglyceride (TG) levels and low high dense lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level), and increased creatinine or insulin levels have caused hyperuricemia. Gout has often occurred with typical disorders for the metabolic syndrome X. Significant correlation of the serum uric level and the CAD presence and severity of coronary atherosclerosis confirmed by coronary angiography has been observed in women. Hyperuricemia has also indirect influence on progress of CAD by physical activity restriction, what causes sedentary mode of life and lead to obesity. Therefore, we conducted our study in order to estimate uric acid levels in patients with metabolic syndrome and coexisting cardiovascular system diseases.
The meaning of early percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndrome with preserved ST elevation
Authors: Wierzbicka Magdalena , Kośmider Maciej , Bielecka-Dąbrowa Agata , Goch Jan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTo determine if delaying the primary precutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for >6 hours for acute coronary syndrome with preserved ST elevation (STE-ACS) affects the PCI angiography effectiveness and clinical prognosis. The PCI was performed: for 71% of patients <6h (group 1), for 29% of patients >6h from the beginning of pain (group 2). For 1% of patients from group 1 and 3.4% of patients from group 2, no passage has been opened in the artery after STE-ACS. In spite of opening the passage mechanically, the phenomenon of lack of tissue reflow occurred in 2.7% of patients from group 1 and 12% of patients from group 2. Dangerous ventricular arrhythmias occurred more frequently in patients from group 2, including VF, asystole, haemodynamic complications classed 4° according to the Killip-Kimball scale and death. In an univariate logistic regression analysis, the following risk factors for death during the hospital phase were identified: delayed PCI >6 hours, 4° haemodynamic complications according to the Killip-Kimball scale, LVEF <40%, FV, p-k III block, TIMI <3, and no-reflow. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, 4° according to the Killip-Kimball scale turned out to be the only risk factor for death during the hospital phase. Delaying PCI during STE-ACS for >6 hours significantly lowers the statistical chance to recover both full permeability and effective tissue reflow in the artery responsible for STE-ACS, which is connected with a significantly higher risk of serious complications, as well as with 8.5% risk of death during the hospital phase. The most significant, independent factor determining the survival of patients with STE-ACS after PCI is lack of cardiogenic shock.
The functional antagonist Met-RANTES: A modified agonist that induces differential CCR5 trafficking
Authors: Kiss Debra , Longden James , Fechner Gregory , Avery Vicky 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a pro-inflammatory chemokine receptor that is expressed on cells of the immune system, and specializes in cell migration in response to inflammation and tissue damage. Due to its key role in cell communication and migration, this receptor is involved in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, in addition to HIV infection. Met-RANTES is a modified CCR5 ligand that has previously been shown to antagonize CCR5 activation and function in response to its natural ligands in vitro. In vivo, Met-RANTES is able to reduce inflammation in models of induced inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, due to the fact that Met-RANTES is also capable of partial agonist activity regarding receptor signaling and internalization, it is clear that Met-RANTES does not function as a conventional receptor antagonist. To further elucidate the effect of Met-RANTES on CCR5, receptor trafficking was investigated in a CHO-CCR5-GFP cell line using the Opera confocal plate reader. The internalization response of CCR5 was quantified, and showed that Met-RANTES internalized CCR5 in a slower, less potent manner than the agonists CCL3 and CCL5. Fluorescent organelle labeling and live cell imaging showed CCL3 and CCL5 caused CCR5 to traffic through sorting endosomes, recycling endosomes and the Golgi apparatus. In contrast, Met-RANTES caused CCR5 to traffic through sorting endosomes and the Golgi apparatus in a manner that was independent of recycling endosomes. As receptor trafficking impacts on cell surface expression and the ability of the receptor to respond to more ligand, this information may indicate an alternative regulation of CCR5 by Met-RANTES that allows the modified ligand to reduce inflammation through stimulation of a pro-inflammatory receptor.
Surgical outcome of phrenic nerve transfer to the anterior division of the upper trunk in treating brachial plexus avulsion
Authors: Dong Zhen , Zhang Cheng-Gang , Gu Yu-Dong 
Published: May 2009

Object
The purpose of this investigation was to study the surgical results of phrenic nerve transfer to the anterior division of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus.

Methods
Between 2002 and 2005, 40 patients received a phrenic nerve transfer to the anterior division of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus to restore elbow flexion. These cases were followed postoperatively for > 2 years, and the efficacy of the surgery and related factors were evaluated.

Results
The overall effective rate of this procedure was 82.5% (Medical Research Council Grade ≥ 3). The results show that for patients with surgical delay of > 1 year or prolongation of the latency of the preoperative phrenic nerve evoked potential > 20%, the recovery rates were 25 and 50%, respectively.

Conclusions
Phrenic nerve transfer to the anterior division of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus is a simple procedure that causes minor surgical trauma and yields good recovery of elbow flexion. It is suitable in patients with a relatively intact structure at the division level of the brachial plexus.
Nurturing Freedom of Expression through Teaching Global Media Literacy
Authors: Moeller Susan 
Published: May 2009

Freedom of expression is both a life and death matter and a bread and butter issue. Free media that allow a diversity of voices to be heard and all ideas to be discussed play a central role in the sustaining and monitoring of good government, as well as in the fostering of economic development and the encouraging of corporate transparency and accountability. Students in both developed and developing nations need to understand that there is no global issue or political arena in which the statement of problems and the framing of possible solutions are not influenced by media coverage. The Salzburg Academy on Media and Global Change is the meeting point where universities from around the world, media organizations and international institutions such as the UN and UNESCO have worked jointly for the first time in order to build a global media literacy curriculum, related lesson plans, exercises and resources to teach students to evaluate the media they read, hear and see, as well as teach them to speak out for themselves. The GML materials are written by a global commu nity for a global community and aim to prepare students the world over for active and inclusive roles in information societies.
La libertad de expresión es cuestión de vida o muerte. Los medios de comunicación independientes cumplen un rol central en el mantenimiento de un gobierno adecuado, así como en el fomento del desarrollo económico y en el apoyo a la transparencia corporativa y la rendición de cuentas. Por otro lado, los estudiantes de todo el mundo necesitan comprender la influencia de los medios para formular sus problemas y sus posibles soluciones. La Academia Salzburgo de los Medios de Comunicación y los Cambios Mundiales ha sido punto de encuentro para que Universidades de todo el mundo, organizaciones mediáticas e instituciones internacionales (como la ONU y la UNESCO) hayan colaborado en construir un programa curricular para la alfabetización mediática mundial, con ejercicios y recursos para enseñar a ver y escuchar los medios, actuar ante los medios, a través de los medios, e incluso creando sus propios medios de comunicación social. Los materiales son elaborados por y para una comunidad mundial, con el fin de preparar a estudiantes en todo el mundo a cumplir roles activos e incluyentes en la sociedad de la información.
Exploring Media Education as Civic Praxis in Africa
Authors: Banda Fackson 
Published: May 2009

This article argues that African media education must define a pedagogical agenda for citizenship. That task lies in a postcolonial revisionism of liberal modes of thought and practice about media. This neo-colonial dependence of African media education is evident in the pedagogical emphasis on professional- journalistic automation. However, Africans are increasingly becoming politically and civically apathetic. This analysis calls for an emancipatory vision of journalism that is embedded in civil society. It uses a case study of radio listening clubs to illustrate the civic influence of the media in Malawi and Zambia. It concludes by proposing a model of media education for citizenship. The key tenets of the model include enhancing critical analysis of the correlation between media, democracy and development; developing an emancipatory vision of journalism; cultivating an active citizenship; entrenching a viable institutional infrastructure of democracy; and promoting an informed adherence to human rights.Este trabajo sostiene que la educación en medios africana debe definir una agenda pedagógica para la ciudadanía. Esa tarea se sitúa en un revisionismo poscolonial de formas liberales de pensamiento y práctica acerca de los medios. Esta dependencia neo-colonial de la educación en medios africana es evidente en el énfasis pedagógico de la automatización periodística-profesional. Sin embargo, los africanos se están volviendo crecientemente apáticos, política y cívicamente. Esta aportación demanda una visión emancipatoria del periodismo inmerso en la sociedad civil. Se basa en el estudio de caso de clubs de radio-escuchas para ilustrar la influencia cívica de los medios en Malawi y Zambia, y propone un modelo de educación mediática para la ciudadanía. La tesis clave de este modelo incluye realzar el análisis crítico de la correlación entre medios, democracia y desarrollo; desarrollar una visión emancipatoria del periodismo; cultivar una ciudadanía activa; fortificar una infraestructura institucional viable de democracia, y promover una adhesión informada a los derechos humanos.
Criteria of Media Education Program for Chilean teachers: A proposal for Continuous Training
Authors: de-Fontcuberta-Balaguer María del Mar 
Published: May 2009

The article explains the results of a research about Media Education in Chilean Secondary School curriculum, its problems, and training and attitudes of teachers of Spanish Language and Communication. The analysis applies definitions and parameters adopted by UNESCO in Viena (1999) and Seville (2002) which indicate that Media Education means to teach and learn «with»» and «about» media more than «through» media. It proposes a schedule for continuous training of teachers in this field.
Este trabajo, desarrollado por un grupo de investigación chileno, expone los resultados de una investigación sobre la presencia de la educación en medios en el currículum de la enseñanza media chilena, los problemas que plantea y la formación y actitudes de los profesores de Lengua Castellana y Comunicación en ese ámbito. Para su análisis adopta las definiciones y parámetros contemplados por la UNESCO en Viena (1999) y Sevilla (2002) que indican, entre otros aspectos, que la educación en medios trata sobre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje «con» y «sobre» los medios, más que «a través» de los medios. El estudio concluye con una propuesta para implementar la formación continua de profesores en ese campo.
Deployment to Military Bases With Open Burn Pits and Respiratory and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Savitz David A. , Woskie Susan R. , Bello Anila , Gaither Rachel , Gasper Joseph , Jiang Lan , Rennix Christopher , Wellenius Gregory A. , Trivedi Amal N. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceMany veterans who served in Afghanistan and Iraq during Operations Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) were deployed to military bases with open burn pits and exposed to their emissions, with limited understanding of the long-term health consequences.ObjectiveTo determine the association between deployment to military bases where open burn pits were used for waste disposal and the subsequent risk of developing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective observational cohort study used Veterans Health Administration medical records and declassified deployment records from the Department of Defense to assess Army and Air Force veterans who were deployed between 2001 and 2011 and subsequently received health care from the Veterans Health Administration, with follow-up through December 2020. Data were analyzed from January 2023 through February 2024.ExposureDuration of deployment to military bases with open burn pits.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDiagnosis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke.ResultsThe study population included 459 381 OEF and OIF veterans (mean [SD] age, 31.6 [8.7] years; 399 754 [87.0%] male). Median (IQR) follow-up from end of deployment was 10.9 (9.4-12.7) years. For every 100 days of deployment to bases with burn pits, veterans experienced increased adjusted odds for asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01-1.02), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07), hypertension (aOR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.02-1.03), and ischemic stroke (aOR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.97-1.14). Odds of interstitial lung disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or hemorrhagic stroke were not increased. Results based on tertiles of duration of burn pit exposures were consistent with those from the continuous exposure measures.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, prolonged deployment to military bases with open burn pits was associated with increased risk of developing asthma, COPD, and hypertension. The results also point to a possible increased risk in ischemic stroke. The novel ability to use integrated data on deployment and health outcomes provides a model for additional studies of the health impact of environmental exposures during military service.
Home-Monitoring Vision Tests to Detect Active Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Hogg Ruth E. , Sivaprasad Sobha , Wickens Robin , O’Connor Sean , Gidman Eleanor , Ward Elizabeth , Treanor Charlene , Peto Tunde , Burton Ben J. L. , Knox Paul , Lotery Andrew J. , Donnelly Michael , Rogers Chris A. , Reeves Barnaby C. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceMost neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treatments involve long-term follow-up of disease activity. Home-monitoring would reduce the burden on patients and their caregivers and release clinic capacity.ObjectiveTo evaluate 3 vision home-monitoring tests for patients to use to detect active nAMD compared with diagnosing active nAMD at hospital follow-up during the after-treatment monitoring phase.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a diagnostic test accuracy study wherein the reference standard was detection of active nAMD by an ophthalmologist at hospital follow-up. The 3 home-monitoring tests evaluated included the following: (1) the KeepSight Journal (KSJ [International Macular and Retinal Foundation]), which contains paper-based near-vision tests presented as word puzzles, (2) the MyVisionTrack (mVT [Genentech]) vision-monitoring mobile app, viewed on an Apple mobile operating system–based device, and (3) the MultiBit (MBT [Visumetrics]) app, viewed on an Apple mobile operating system–based device. Participants were asked to test weekly; mVT and MBT scores were transmitted automatically, and KSJ scores were returned to the research office every 6 months. Raw scores between hospital follow-ups were summarized as averages. Patients were recruited from 6 UK hospital eye clinics and were 50 years and older with at least 1 eye first treated for active nAMD for at least 6 months or longer to a maximum of 42 months before approach. Participants were stratified by time since starting treatment. Study data were analyzed from May to September 2021.ExposuresThe KSJ, mVT, and MBT were compared with the reference standard (in-hospital ophthalmologist examination).Main Outcomes and MeasuresEstimated area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). The study had 90% power to detect a difference of 0.06, or 80% power to detect a difference of 0.05, if the AUROC for 2 tests was 0.75.ResultsA total of 297 patients (mean [SD] age, 74.9 [6.6] years; 174 female [58.6%]) were included in the study. At least 1 hospital follow-up was available for 312 study eyes in 259 participants (1549 complete visits). Median (IQR) home-monitoring testing frequency was 3 (1-4) times per month. Estimated AUROC was less than 0.6 for all home-monitoring tests, and only the KSJ summary score was associated with lesion activity (odds ratio, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.09-11.13; P = .04).Conclusions and RelevanceResults suggest that no home-monitoring vision test evaluated provided satisfactory diagnostic accuracy to identify active nAMD diagnosed in hospital eye service follow-up clinics. Implementing any of these evaluated tests, with ophthalmologists only reviewing test positives, would mean most active lesions were missed, risking unnecessary sight loss.
Outcomes of Immediate Total Thyroidectomy in First-Side Loss of Neuromonitoring Signal
Authors: Ramesh Sruthi , Van Den Berg Nadia H. , Sheahan Patrick 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceUse of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) during thyroidectomy can nearly eliminate the risk of postoperative bilateral vocal cord palsy (VCP) by indicating staged surgery in cases of loss of signal (LOS) on the first side of planned total thyroidectomy. However, aborting planned total thyroidectomy may lead to persistence of symptoms, delay in adjuvant treatment, and patient inconvenience and distress. There are few data to guide a selective approach to total thyroidectomy in patients with first-side LOS.ObjectiveTo investigate outcomes of immediate bilateral surgery in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy with first-side LOS.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was a retrospective review of outcomes for patients undergoing thyroidectomy between January 2016 and July 2023 at an academic tertiary referral center for thyroid surgery. Consecutive patients scheduled for total thyroidectomy using IONM were included. Exclusion criteria were preoperative VCP, deliberate sacrifice of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), inadvertent RLN resection, and surgery performed without IONM.ExposuresTotal thyroidectomy performed using IONM.Main Outcome MeasuresVocal mobility on first postoperative day as assessed by flexible laryngoscopy; secondary outcome measures included subjective voice assessment, other postoperative complications, and long-term vocal mobility.ResultsAmong 400 patients undergoing planned total thyroidectomy (mean age, 50.5 years [range, 4-88 years]; 318 female [79.5%]), 51 (12.8%) had first-side LOS, of whom 37 (9.3%) had persistent LOS. Twenty-nine patients (56% of procedures with first-side LOS, including 18 with persistent LOS) proceeded to immediate total thyroidectomy. Postoperatively, 16 patients (55% of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy following first-side LOS, including 14 of 18 with persistent LOS) had impaired vocal mobility. One patient had bilateral VCP that did not require tracheostomy, and 2 had postoperative hypoparathyroidism. Of those whose surgery was aborted after first-side LOS, 8 of 22 (36%) underwent completion thyroidectomy at a later stage. In those undergoing completion thyroidectomy, 2 of 8 (25%) had temporary VCP after the second surgery, 2 (25%) had permanent hypoparathyroidism, and 1 (12.5%) developed inoperable cancer. Postoperative VCP was fully reversible in all but 1 patient.Conclusion and RelevanceAmong patients planned for total thyroidectomy who develop first-side LOS, immediate total thyroidectomy may be considered among those who have pressing reasons for same, and where surgical difficulties might be anticipated in a secondary surgery.
Boosting Efficiency and UV Resistance in Perovskite Solar Cells via Sunscreen Ingredient Octinoxate
Authors: Zhi Chongyang , Li Can , Wan Zhi , Liu Chuan , Jiang Zhe , Zunair Hassan , Du Liming , Zhang Shangchen , Li Zhihao , Shi Jishan , Li Zhen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUV radiation presents a substantial challenge to the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), limiting their applications in harsh environments such as outer space. Herein, UV‐resistant molecule octinoxate (OCT) is introduced to mitigate the adverse effects of UV irradiation. OCT additive demonstrates the capability to modulate the crystallization process, resulting in perovskite films with larger grains and enhanced crystallinity. Moreover, OCT doping also facilitates charge extraction in PSCs. The PSCs with OCT doping exhibit an enhanced efficiency, increasing from 22.46% to 24.64%, along with improved stability with a T85 of 1000 h under continuous light exposure. Functioning as a sunscreen material, OCT mitigates UV‐induced degradation by absorbing irradiation and hindering I2 escape. Even after continuous exposure to 18.7 kWh m−2 UV illumination, the OCT‐doped PSCs maintain over 92% of their initial efficiency, meeting the 15 kWh m−2 UV exposure requirement specified in the IEC:61215 PV robustness testing standard. This study offers a straightforward approach to enhance the durability of PSCs under UV radiation, opening avenues for their application in extreme environments.