bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanosensitive signalling in fish gill and other ion transporting epithelia
Authors: Marshall W. S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEpithelia involved in vectorial salt transport respond to apical and basolateral changes in osmotic activity by moderating the transmural solute transport rate simultaneously with underlying volume regulatory mechanisms involved in regulatory volume increase (RVI) and decrease (RVD). This review examines rapid osmotic responses in salt secreting epithelia of marine and euryhaline teleost fish, with inclusion of recent results from other ion transporting epithelia that also respond rapidly to osmotic shock. Mitochondrion‐rich chloride secreting cells of marine teleost fish gills and skin, when exposed to hypertonic shock, activate NaCl secretion via phosphorylation of Na+,K+,2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1) in the basolateral membrane and activation of anion channels in the apical membrane. Conversely, NaCl secretion is inhibited when chloride secreting cells are swollen osmotically. Mammalian airway epithelial cells also possess NKCC1 basally and apical anion channels [Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR)]; with hypotonic shock, this epithelium releases ATP and NaCl secretion is stimulated via purinergic receptors, while hypertonic shock inhibits Na+ uptake. In the eye, the ciliary epithelium activates Cl− channels in response to hypotonic shock as RVD, an effect that modulates transepithelial fluid transport rates. In the renal A6 cell line, K+ and Cl− effluxes activate during RVD and RVI Na+ transepithelial absorption. A common theme in these systems is ATP release in hypotonic shock with subsequent RVD‐effective mechanisms such as NKCC1 inhibition and K+ and Cl− efflux, but there are different effects of osmotic changes on transepithelial transport, apparently depending on the role of the epithelial system.
Cell volume homeostatic mechanisms: effectors and signalling pathways
Authors: Hoffmann E. K. , Pedersen S. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCell volume homeostasis and its fine‐tuning to the specific physiological context at any given moment are processes fundamental to normal cell function. The understanding of cell volume regulation owes much to August Krogh, yet has advanced greatly over the last decades. In this review, we outline the historical context of studies of cell volume regulation, focusing on the lineage started by Krogh, Bodil Schmidt‐Nielsen, Hans‐Henrik Ussing, and their students. The early work was focused on understanding the functional behaviour, kinetics and thermodynamics of the volume‐regulatory ion transport mechanisms. Later work addressed the mechanisms through which cellular signalling pathways regulate the volume regulatory effectors or flux pathways. These studies were facilitated by the molecular identification of most of the relevant channels and transporters, and more recently also by the increased understanding of their structures. Finally, much current research in the field focuses on the most up‐ and downstream components of these paths: how cells sense changes in cell volume, and how cell volume changes in turn regulate cell function under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Most Influential Parameters for the Bed‐Load Sediment Flux Equations Used in Alluvial Rivers1
Authors: Khorram Saeed , Ergil Mustafa 
Published: September 2010

Khorram, Saeed and Mustafa Ergil, 2010. Most Influential Parameters for the Bed‐Load Sediment Flux Equations Used in Alluvial Rivers. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA): 46(6):1065–1090. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00468.xAbstract:  Problems of bed‐load sediment transport equations in alluvial rivers are addressed in this study where user‐friendly parameters were developed. To determine the influences of 300 parameters on the final result, 52 selected bed‐load equations for noncohesive particles (sand and gravel separately) were gathered and individually investigated. The influences of discrepancies among the computed and measured datasets were obtained by sensitivity analysis through multilinear regression method. The most influential parameters for the bed‐load sediment flux equations used to describe sand particles in alluvial rivers are: the gravitational power due to Shields’ parameter with an energy slope, the universal stream power due to critical Shields’ parameter with an energy slope, the Shields’ parameter ratio, the critical unit stream power, and the Shields’ parameter with energy slope. For gravel particles, the most influential parameters are: the universal stream power due to critical Shields’ parameter with an energy slope, the Shields’ parameter ratio, the gravitational power due to Shields’ parameter with an energy slope, the Shields’ parameter with an energy slope, and the Froude number of the channel. It is expected that researchers working in this field will be able to use these predicted parameters to generate new bed‐load sediment flux equations that give results that more closely agree with the actual values measured in alluvial rivers.
Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 June 2010 – 31 July 2010
Authors:   Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium, ANDRIS MALVINA , ARADOTTIR GUDBJORG I. , ARNAU G. , AUDZIJONYTE ASTA , BESS EMILIE C. , BONADONNA FRANCESCO , BOURDEL G. , BRIED JOËL , BUGBEE GREGORY J. , BURGER P. A. , CHAIR H. , CHARRUAU P. C. , CIAMPI A. Y. , COSTET L. , DeBARRO PAUL J. , DELATTE H. , DUBOIS MARIE‐PIERRE , ELDRIDGE MARK D. B. , ENGLAND PHILLIP R. , ENKHBILEG D. , FARTEK B. , GARDNER MICHAEL G. , GRAY KAREN‐ANN , GUNASEKERA RASANTHI M. , HANLEY STEVEN J. , HAVIL NATHAN , HEREWARD JAMES P. , HIRASE SHOTARO , HONG YAN , JARNE PHILIPPE , JIANFEI QI , JOHNSON REBECCA N. , KANNO MANAMI , KIJIMA AKIHIRO , KIM HYUN C. , KIM KWAN S. , KIM WOO‐JIN , LaRUE ELIZABETH , LEE JANG W. , LEE JEONG‐HO , LI CHUNHONG , LIAO MINGHUI , LO NATHAN , LOWE ANDREW J. , MALAUSA THIBAUT , MALÉ PIERRE‐JEAN G. , MARKO MICHELLE D. , MARTIN JEAN‐FRANÇOIS , MESSING RUSSELL , MILLER KAREN J. , MIN BYEONG‐WHA , MYEONG JEONG‐IN , NIBOUCHE S. , NOACK ANN E. , NOH JAE K. , ORIVEL JÉRÔME , PARK CHOUL‐JI , PETRO D. , PRAPAYOTIN‐RIVEROS KITTIPATH , QUILICHINI ANGÉLIQUE , REYNAUD B. , RIGINOS CYNTHIA , RISTERUCCI A. M. , ROSE HARLEY A. , SAMPAIO I. , SILBERMAYR K. , SILVA M. B. , TERO N. , THUM RYAN A. , VINSON C. C. , VORSINO ADAM , VOSSBRINCK CHARLES R. , WALZER C. , WHITE JASON C. , WIECZOREK ANIA , WRIGHT MARK 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article documents the addition of 205 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Bagassa guianensis, Bulweria bulwerii, Camelus bactrianus, Chaenogobius annularis, Creontiades dilutus, Diachasmimorpha tryoni, Dioscorea alata, Euhrychiopsis lecontei, Gmelina arborea, Haliotis discus hannai, Hirtella physophora, Melanaphis sacchari, Munida isos, Thaumastocoris peregrinus and Tuberolachnus salignus. These loci were cross‐tested on the following species: Halobaena caerulea, Procellaria aequinoctialis, Oceanodroma monteiroi, Camelus ferus, Creontiades pacificus, Dioscorea rotundata, Dioscorea praehensilis, Dioscorea abyssinica, Dioscorea nummularia, Dioscorea transversa, Dioscorea esculenta, Dioscorea pentaphylla, Dioscorea trifida, Hirtella bicornis, Hirtella glandulosa, Licania alba, Licania canescens, Licania membranaceae, Couepia guianensis and 7 undescribed Thaumastocoris species.
Uniqueness of MoravaK-theory
Authors: Angeltveit Vigleik 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe show that there is an essentially uniqueS-algebra structure on the MoravaK-theory spectrumK(n), whileK(n) has uncountably manyMUor$\widehat {E(n)}$-algebra structures. Here$\widehat {E(n)}$is theK(n)-localized Johnson–Wilson spectrum. To prove this we set up a spectral sequence computing the homotopy groups of the moduli space ofA∞structures on a spectrum, and use the theory ofS-algebrak-invariants for connectiveS-algebras found in the work of Dugger and Shipley [Postnikov extensions of ring spectra, Algebr. Geom. Topol.6(2006), 1785–1829 (electronic)] to show that all the uniqueness obstructions are hit by differentials.
Topological complexity of collision-free motion planning on surfaces
Authors: Cohen Daniel C. , Farber Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe topological complexity$\mathsf {TC}(X)$is a numerical homotopy invariant of a topological spaceXwhich is motivated by robotics and is similar in spirit to the classical Lusternik–Schnirelmann category ofX. Given a mechanical system with configuration spaceX, the invariant$\mathsf {TC}(X)$measures the complexity of motion planning algorithms which can be designed for the system. In this paper, we compute the topological complexity of the configuration space ofndistinct ordered points on an orientable surface, for both closed and punctured surfaces. Our main tool is a theorem of B. Totaro describing the cohomology of configuration spaces of algebraic varieties. For configuration spaces of punctured surfaces, this is used in conjunction with techniques from the theory of mixed Hodge structures.
Genetic and Biological Analysis of ColombianPhthorimaea operculellaGranulovirus Isolated fromTecia solanivora(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Espinel-Correal Carlos , Léry Xavier , Villamizar Laura , Gómez Juliana , Zeddam Jean Louis , Cotes Alba Marina , López-Ferber Miguel 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTTecia solanivora(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an invasive potato pest of the north of South America that recently colonized zones wherePhthorimaea operculella(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a taxonomically related insect, was established. Nowadays, both species can be found in most areas in different proportions. ThePhthorimaea operculella granulovirus(PhopGV) was found to efficiently controlP. operculellaand was used as a biopesticide in storage conditions. However, no appropriate biological control methods exist forT. solanivora, and the use of granulovirus isolates would provide a solution. The Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research (CORPOICA) carried out severalT. solanivoralarva samplings in Colombia with the aim of finding potential isolates. Five geographical granulovirus isolates fromT. solanivora(VG001, VG002, VG003, VG004, and VG005) were found, and molecular analysis by REN profiles shows three different genotypic variants in Colombia. Analysis of their genomes revealed their relatedness to PhopGV. Two isolates exhibited submolar bands in their REN patterns, suggesting a mixture of viral genotypes. These data were confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing of particular regions of the viral genomes. Their biological activity was assayed on both hosts,T. solanivoraandP. operculella. A significantly higher pathogenicity in both hosts was observed with isolates VG001 and VG005 than with isolate VG003 or a Peruvian isolate (fromP. operculella) used as a reference in the bioassay. Based on their molecular and biological activity characteristics, VG001 and VG005 isolates should be selected for further analysis in order to establish their potential as biological control agents.
Molecular Characterization of
Cryptosporidium molnari
Reveals a Distinct Piscine Clade
Authors: Palenzuela Oswaldo , Alvarez-Pellitero Pilar , Sitjà-Bobadilla Ariadna 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of small-subunit (SSU) rRNA and actin from
Cryptosporidium molnari
clustered this species with the
C. molnari
-like genotype of an isolate from the guppy, although the two fish isolates seem to be distinct species. The analysis of available piscine genotypes provides some support for cladistic congruence of the genus
Piscicryptosporidium
, but additional piscine genotypes are needed.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel CprA Reductive Dehalogenase Specific to Highly Chlorinated Phenols from
Desulfitobacterium hafniense
Strain PCP-1
Authors: Bisaillon Ariane , Beaudet Réjean , Lépine François , Déziel Eric , Villemur Richard 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Desulfitobacterium hafniense
strain PCP-1 reductively dechlorinates pentachlorophenol (PCP) to 3-chlorophenol and a variety of halogenated aromatic compounds at the
ortho
,
meta
, and
para
positions. Several reductive dehalogenases (RDases) are thought to be involved in this cascade of dehalogenation. We partially purified a novel RDase involved in the dechlorination of highly chlorinated phenols from strain PCP-1 cultivated in the presence of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The RDase was membrane associated, and the activity was sensitive to oxygen, with a half-life of 128 min upon exposure to air. The pH and temperature optima were 7.0 and 55°C, respectively. Several highly chlorinated phenols were dechlorinated at the
ortho
positions. The highest dechlorinating activity levels were observed with PCP, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol, and 2,3,4-trichlorophenol. 3-Chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetate, 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate, dichlorophenols, and monochlorophenols were not dechlorinated. The apparent

K
m

value for PCP was 46.7 μM at a methyl viologen concentration of 2 mM. A mixture of iodopropane and titanium citrate caused a light-reversible inhibition of the dechlorinating activity, suggesting the involvement of a corrinoid cofactor. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the partially purified preparation revealed 2 bands with apparent molecular masses of 42 and 47 kDa. Mass spectrometry analysis using Mascot to search the genome sequence of
D. hafniense
strain DCB-2 identified the 42-kDa band as NADH-quinone oxidoreductase, subunit D, and the 47-kDa band as the putative chlorophenol RDase CprA3. This is the first report of an RDase with high affinity and high dechlorinating activity toward PCP.
Elimination of Lyme Disease Spirochetes from Ticks Feeding on Domestic Ruminants
Authors: Richter Dania , Matuschka Franz-Rainer 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

To determine whether and which spirochetes are cleared from
Ixodes ricinus
ticks during feeding on ruminants, ticks were removed from goats and cattle grazing on tick-infested pastures. Although about a quarter of ticks questing on the pasture were infected by spirochetes, no molted ticks that had previously engorged to repletion on ruminants harbored Lyme disease spirochetes.
Borrelia miyamotoi
spirochetes, however, appear not to be eliminated. Thus, the more subadult ticks are diverted from reservoir-competent hosts to zooprophylactic ruminants, the smaller the risk of infection by Lyme disease spirochetes is.
Elimination ofd-Lactate Synthesis Increases Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) and Ethanol Synthesis from Glycerol and Affects Cofactor Distribution in RecombinantEscherichia coli
Authors: Nikel Pablo I. , Giordano Andrea M. , de Almeida Alejandra , Godoy Manuel S. , Pettinari M. Julia 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe effect of eliminatingd-lactate synthesis in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-accumulating recombinantEscherichia coli(K24K) was analyzed using glycerol as a substrate. K24KL, anldhAderivative, produced more biomass and had altered carbon partitioning among the metabolic products, probably due to the increased availability of carbon precursors and reducing power. This resulted in a significant increase of PHB and ethanol synthesis and a decrease in acetate production. Cofactor measurements revealed that cultures of K24K and K24KL had a high intracellular NADPH content and that the NADPH/NADP+ratio was higher than the NADH/NAD+ratio. TheldhAmutation affected cofactor distribution, resulting in a more reduced intracellular state, mainly due to a further increase in NADPH/NADP+. In 60-h fed-batch cultures, K24KL reached 41.9 g·liter−1biomass and accumulated PHB up to 63% ± 1% (wt/wt), with a PHB yield on glycerol of 0.41 ± 0.03 g·g−1, the highest reported using this substrate.
Characterization of a New Bacteriocin, Carocin D, from
Pectobacterium carotovorum
subsp.
carotovorum
Pcc21
Authors: Roh Eunjung , Park Tae-Ho , Kim Myung-il , Lee Seungdon , Ryu Sangryeol , Oh Chang-Sik , Rhee Sangkee , Kim Doo-Ho , Park Beom-Seok , Heu Sunggi 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Two different bacteriocins, carotovoricin and carocin S1, had been found in
Pectobacterium carotovorum
subsp.
carotovorum
, which causes soft-rot disease in diverse plants. Previously, we reported that the particular strain Pcc21, producing only one high-molecular-weight bacteriocin, carried a new antibacterial activity against the indicator strain Pcc3. Here, we report that this new antibacterial activity is due to a new bacteriocin produced by strain Pcc21 and named carocin D. Carocin D is encoded by the
caro
DK gene located in the genomic DNA together with the
caro
DI gene, which seems to encode an immunity protein. N-terminal amino acid sequences of purified carocin D were determined by Edman degradation. In comparison with the primary translation product of
caro
DK, it was found that 8 amino acids are missing at the N terminus. This finding proved that carocin D is synthesized as a precursor peptide and that 8 amino acids are removed from its N terminus during maturation. Carocin D has two putative translocation domains; the N-terminal and C-terminal domains are homologous to those of
Escherichia coli
colicin E3 and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
S-type pyocin, respectively. When
caro
DK and
caro
DI genes were transformed into carocin D-sensitive bacteria such as Pcc3, the bacteria became resistant to this bacteriocin. Carocin D has one putative DNase domain at the extreme C terminus and showed DNase activity
in vitro
. This bacteriocin had slight tolerance to heat but not to proteases. The
caro
DK gene was present in only 5 of 54 strains of
P. carotovorum
subsp.
carotovorum
. These results indicate that carocin D is a third bacteriocin found in
P. carotovorum
subsp.
carotovorum
, and this bacteriocin can be readily expressed in carocin D-sensitive nonpathogenic bacteria, which may have high potential as a biological control agent in the field.
Reorganization of the Growth Pattern of Schizosaccharomyces pombe in Invasive Filament Formation
Authors: Dodgson James , Brown William , Rosa Carlos A. , Armstrong John 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

The organization and control of polarized growth through the cell cycle of
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
, a single-celled eukaryote, have been studied extensively. We have investigated the changes in these processes when
S. pombe
differentiates to form multicellular invasive mycelia and have found striking alterations to the behavior of some of the key regulatory proteins. Cells at the tips of invading filaments are considerably more elongated than cells growing singly and grow at one pole only. The filament tip follows a strict direction of growth through multiple cell cycles. A group of proteins involved in the growth process and actin regulation, comprising Spo20, Bgs4, activated Cdc42, and Crn1, are all concentrated at the growing tip, unlike their distribution at both ends of single cells. In contrast, several proteins implicated in microtubule-dependent organization of growth, including Tea1, Tea4, Mod5, and Pom1, all show the opposite effect and are relatively depleted at the growing end and enriched at the nongrowing end, although Tea1 appears to continue to be delivered to both ends. A third group acting at different stages of the cell cycle, including Bud6, Rga4, and Mid1, localize similarly in filaments and single cells, while Nif1 shows a reciprocal localization to Pom1.
A Possible Role for Exocytosis in Aflatoxin Export in Aspergillus parasiticus
Authors: Chanda Anindya , Roze Ludmila V. , Linz John E. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Filamentous fungi synthesize bioactive secondary metabolites with major human health and economic impacts. Little is known about the mechanisms that mediate the export of these metabolites to the cell exterior.
Aspergillus parasiticus
synthesizes aflatoxin, a secondary metabolite that is one of the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens known. We previously demonstrated that aflatoxin is synthesized and compartmentalized in specialized vesicles called aflatoxisomes and that these subcellular organelles also play a role in the export process. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that aflatoxisomes fuse with the cytoplasmic membrane to facilitate the release of aflatoxin into the growth environment. Microscopic analysis of
A. parasiticus
grown under aflatoxin-inducing and non-aflatoxin-inducing conditions generated several lines of experimental evidence that supported the hypothesis. On the basis of the evidence, we propose that export of the mycotoxin aflatoxin in
Aspergillus parasiticus
occurs by exocytosis, and we present a model to illustrate this export mechanism.
α-1,6-Mannosylation of N-Linked Oligosaccharide Present on Cell Wall Proteins Is Required for Their Incorporation into the Cell Wall in the Filamentous Fungus Neurospora crassa
Authors: Maddi Abhiram , Free Stephen J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

The enzyme α-1,6-mannosyltransferase (OCH-1) is required for the synthesis of galactomannans attached to the N-linked oligosaccharides of
Neurospora crassa
cell wall proteins. The
Neurospora crassa
och-1
mutant has a tight colonial phenotype and a defective cell wall. A carbohydrate analysis of the
och-1 mutant
cell wall revealed a 10-fold reduction in the levels of mannose and galactose and a total lack of 1,6-linked mannose residues. Analysis of the integral cell wall protein from wild-type and
och-1
mutant cells showed that the mutant cell wall had reduced protein content. The
och-1
mutant was found to secrete 18-fold more protein than wild-type cells. Proteomic analysis of the proteins released by the mutant into the growth medium identified seven of the major cell wall proteins. Western blot analysis of ACW-1 and GEL-1 (two glycosylphosphatidylinositol [GPI]-anchored proteins that are covalently integrated into the wild-type cell wall) showed that high levels of these proteins were being released into the medium by the
och-1
mutant. High levels of ACW-1 and GEL-1 were also released from the
och-1
mutant cell wall by subjecting the wall to boiling in a 1% SDS solution, indicating that these proteins are not being covalently integrated into the mutant cell wall. From these results, we conclude that N-linked mannosylation of cell wall proteins by OCH-1 is required for their efficient covalent incorporation into the cell wall.
α-Tubulin Mutations Alter Oryzalin Affinity and Microtubule Assembly Properties To Confer Dinitroaniline Resistance
Authors: Lyons-Abbott Sally , Sackett Dan L. , Wloga Dorota , Gaertig Jacek , Morgan Rachel E. , Werbovetz Karl A. , Morrissette Naomi S. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Plant and protozoan microtubules are selectively sensitive to dinitroanilines, which do not disrupt vertebrate or fungal microtubules.
Tetrahymena thermophila
is an abundant source of dinitroaniline-sensitive tubulin, and we have modified the single
T. thermophila
α-tubulin gene to create strains that solely express mutant α-tubulin in functional dimers. Previous research identified multiple α-tubulin mutations that confer dinitroaniline resistance in the human parasite
Toxoplasma gondii
, and when two of these mutations (L136F and I252L) were introduced into
T. thermophila
, they conferred resistance in these free-living ciliates. Purified tubulin heterodimers composed of L136F or I252L α-tubulin display decreased affinity for the dinitroaniline oryzalin relative to wild-type
T. thermophila
tubulin. Moreover, the L136F substitution dramatically reduces the critical concentration for microtubule assembly relative to the properties of wild-type
T. thermophila
tubulin. Our data provide additional support for the proposed dinitroaniline binding site on α-tubulin and validate the use of
T. thermophila
for expression of genetically homogeneous populations of mutant tubulins for biochemical characterization.