bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of voltage‐gated Na+ current by nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is not mediated by Na+ influx or Ca2+ signaling
Authors: Nesin Vasyl , Pakhomov Andrei G. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn earlier studies, we found that permeabilization of mammalian cells with nsPEF was accompanied by prolonged inhibition of voltage‐gated (VG) currents through the plasma membrane. This study explored if the inhibition of VG Na+ current (INa) resulted from (i) reduction of the transmembrane Na+ gradient due to its influx via nsPEF‐opened pores, and/or (ii) downregulation of the VG channels by a Ca2+‐dependent mechanism. We found that a single 300 ns electric pulse at 1.6–5.3 kV/cm triggered sustained Na+ influx in exposed NG108 cells and in primary chromaffin cells, as detected by increased fluorescence of a Sodium Green Dye. In the whole‐cell patch clamp configuration, this influx was efficiently buffered by the pipette solution so that the increase in the intracellular concentration of Na+ ([Na]i) did not exceed 2–3 mM. [Na]i increased uniformly over the cell volume and showed no additional peaks immediately below the plasma membrane. Concurrently, nsPEF reduced VG INa by 30–60% (at 4 and 5.3 kV/cm). In control experiments, even a greater increase of the pipette [Na+] (by 5 mM) did not attenuate VG INa, thereby indicating that the nsPEF‐induced Na+ influx was not the cause of VG INa inhibition. Similarly, adding 20 mM of a fast Ca2+ chelator 1,2‐bis(o‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) into the pipette solution did not prevent or attenuate the inhibition of the VG INa by nsPEF. These findings point to possible Ca2+‐independent downregulation of the VG Na+ channels (e.g., caused by alteration of the lipid bilayer) or the direct effect of nsPEF on the channel. Bioelectromagnetics 33:443–451, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The SingAboutScience.org database: An educational resource for instructors and students
Authors: Crowther Gregory J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPotential benefits of incorporating music into science and math curricula include enhanced recall of information, counteraction of perceptions that the material is dull or impenetrable, and opportunities for active student engagement and creativity. To help instructors and others find songs suited to their needs, I created the “Math And Science Song Information, Viewable Everywhere” database in March of 2004. Recently rebranded as the SingAboutScience.org database, it now covers >5,500 songs varying widely in topic and grade level. Website visitors may search the database using such criteria as keywords from lyrics, performer/songwriter names, and age ranges targeted by songs. Changes in the database's contents over the past 7 years suggest that the online availability of educational songs has increased greatly during this period. College biochemistry and molecular biology instructors can use the database to find songs covering core concepts for majors and nonmajors as well as relevant material from related subjects, such as physics and mathematics. In offering teachers and students a menu of existing scientific songs, the database may inspire some of them to create additional content‐rich music.
Effect of individual proton pump inhibitors on cardiovascular events in patients treated with clopidogrel following coronary stenting:
Authors: Aihara Hideaki , Sato Akira , Takeyasu Noriyuki , Nishina Hidetaka , Hoshi Tomoya , Akiyama Daiki , Kakefuda Yuki , Watabe Hiroaki , Aonuma Kazutaka ,   for the ICAS Registry Investigators
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether combination therapy of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) causes higher numbers of cardiovascular events than clopidogrel alone in Japanese patients. Background: PPIs are often prescribed in combination with clopidogrel following coronary stenting. PPIs are reported to diminish the effect of clopidogrel because both are metabolized by CYP2C19. However, no reports address the effects of PPIs on cardiovascular events following coronary stenting in the Japanese population. Methods: A total of 1,887 patients treated with clopidogrel following coronary stenting were enrolled in the Ibaraki Cardiac Assessment Study (ICAS) registry. All subjects were classified into two groups according to treatment without (n = 819) or with (n = 1,068) PPI. Propensity score analysis matched 1:1 according to treatment without PPI (n = 500) or with PPI (n = 500). Primary endpoint was the composite of all‐cause death or myocardial infarction. Results: No significant difference was observed in the primary endpoint between the group without PPI and the group with PPI (4.6% vs. 4.6%, P = 0.77). In contrast, a significant difference was found between the group without PPI and with PPI in regard to the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding at the end of the follow‐up period and the specific PPI prescribed (2.4% vs. 0.8%, adjusted HR = 0.30, 95% Confidence interval 0.08‐0.87, P = 0.026) after propensity score matching. Conclusions: No significant association between PPI use and primary endpoint was observed in the Japanese population, whereas PPI use resulted in a significant reduction in the rate of gastrointestinal bleeding. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative long‐term efficacy and safety of drug‐eluting stent versus coronary artery bypass grafting in ostial left main coronary artery disease
Authors: Lee Seung‐Whan , Kim Sung‐Hwan , Kim Seon‐Ok , Han Seungbong , Kim Young‐Hak , Park Duk‐Woo , Kang Soo‐Jin , Lee Cheol Whan , Park Seong‐Wook , Park Seung‐Jung 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground: To date, drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation has not been compared with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for ostial left main coronary artery (LMCA) lesions. Methods: Of the 263 patients in the MAIN‐COMPARE registry with ostial LMCA stenosis, 123 were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with DES and 140 with CABG. We compared their 5‐year overall survival, composite outcomes of death, Q‐wave myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, and target vessel revascularization (TVR) rates. Results: Unadjusted analysis showed no significant differences between CABG and DES in overall survival rates (95% confidence interval (CI) for hazard ratio (HR): 0.44 to 1.77, P = 0.71), composite outcomes (death, Q‐wave MI, or stroke)‐free survival rates (95% CI for HR: 0.41–1.63, P = 0.56), and TVR‐free survival rates (95% CI for HR: 0.79–5.03, P = 0.14). Multivariate adjusted Cox regression analysis also showed no significant between‐group differences in TVR (95% CI for HR: 0.52–3.79, P = 0.49), death (95% CI for HR: 0.79–2.82, P = 0.22) and the composite of death, Q‐wave MI, or stroke (95% CI for HR: 0.65–2.57, P = 0.46). These results were sustained after propensity score adjustment and propensity score matching analysis. Conclusions: DES implantation for ostial LMCA lesions showed similar 5‐year outcomes of death, major adverse events, and TVR compared with CABG. Although meticulous adjustments decreased baseline difference between the two treatments, the absence of statistical significance could be attributable to the size of the study sample and hidden bias. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acid–Base‐Catalysed Condensation Reaction in Water: Isoxazolines and Isoxazoles from Nitroacetates and Dipolarophiles
Authors: Trogu Elena , Vinattieri Claudia , De Sarlo Francesco , Machetti Fabrizio 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBase‐catalysed condensation reactions of nitroacetic esters with dipolarophiles to give isoxazole derivatives proceed faster, and often with higher yields, in the presence of water than in organic solvents such as chloroform. Kinetic profiles show that induction times are greatly reduced when the reaction is performed “in water” or “on water”. Any specificity of the base related to H‐bonding ability observed in chloroform is lost in water: all bases either organic or inorganic give the same result that is simply depending on concentration. A 0.1 molar ratio of base to nucleophile gives the best conversion, whereas addition of one equivalent of base or strong acid prevents the reaction from occurring. These results fit into a reaction sequence in which reversible addition to a dipolarophile is followed by acid‐catalysed irreversible dehydration of the cycloadduct. This is a remarkable example of a condensation reaction occurring in water because of irreversible acid‐catalysed water elimination. The reaction has been successfully applied to dipolarophiles containing a wide variety of functional groups, including carboxylic acids and ammonium salts, under mild conditions. This new click‐style reaction is expected to be compatible with biological environments.
Thermodynamic properties of 1‐ETHYL‐3‐methylimidazolium methanesulphonate with aromatic sulphur, nitrogen compounds at T = 298.15–323.15 K and P = 1 bar
Authors: Anantharaj Ramalingam , Banerjee Tamal 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis work investigates the ability of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium methanesulphate ([EMIM][MeSO3]) as a green and tuneable solvent for denitrification and desulphurisation studies. Experimental density, surface tension and refractive index data have been measured for the following systems: [EMIM][MeSO3] (1) + pyridine (2), [EMIM][MeSO3] (1) + pyrrole (2), [EMIM][MeSO3] (1) + quinoline (2), [EMIM][MeSO3] (1) + indoline (2), [EMIM][MeSO3] (1) + thiophene (2) and [EMIM][MeSO3] (1) + water (2) over the entire mole fraction of [EMIM][MeSO3] at T = 298.15–323.15 K and P = 1 bar. Further from experimental density, surface tension and refractive index, coefficient of thermal expansivity, excess molar volume, deviation of surface tension and refractive index deviation were also calculated. It was found that the heteroaromatic nitrogen/sulphur compounds are completely miscible in [EMIM][MeSO3]. The surface tension values were found to increase while the refractive index decreases with increasing mole fraction of [EMIM][MeSO3]. The experimental values for surface tension increased in the order: pyridine > thiophene > pyrrole > indoline > quinoline > water and for refractive index: pyridine > pyrrole > indoline > quinoline > thiophene > water. It was found that the composition of [EMIM][MeSO3] has a greater influence than temperature in deciding the surface, optical and thermodynamic properties for similar molecular interaction such as IL–thiophene and IL–pyrrole than dissimilar molecules such as IL–water. Further quantum chemical‐based COSMO‐RS tool was used to estimate the activity coefficient at different composition. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Commentary on ‘Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy’
Authors: Smith Gigi , Wagner Janelle L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis is a commentary of Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Lindsay B, Bradley PM. Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD006245. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006245.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Vitamin D supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children’
Authors: Editorial Office Evidence‐Based Child Health 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis is a summary of Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Winzenberg TM, Powell S, Shaw KA, Jones G. Vitamin D supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD006944. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006944.pub2. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Vitamin D supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children’
Authors: Greer Frank R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis is a commentary of Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Winzenberg TM, Powell S, Shaw KA, Jones G. Vitamin D supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD006944. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006944.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Neutrophil‐active chemokines in in vivo imaging of neutrophil trafficking
Authors: Sanz Maria‐Jesus , Kubes Paul 
Published: January 2012

AbstractChemokines are proinflammatory mediators that regulate leukocyte trafficking at different steps of the leukocyte recruitment cascade. Studies using new imaging approaches and new mouse models are giving new insights into the role of chemokines in neutrophil migration at sites of inflammation. Conventional rolling and adhesion paradigms as well as previously unappreciated functions of signaling pathways triggering leukocyte adhesion, intralumenal crawling and transendothelial migration are compiled and described here. In this review we will summarize recent work in this field, highlighting in vivo imaging studies that examine the behavior of neutrophils in response to chemokines.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Square‐Planar PtII–η1‐Hydrocarbyl Complexes Containing cis‐Coordinated Olefin or Alkyne
Authors: Cucciolito Maria Elena , Ruffo Francesco 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe review provides a survey of the key classes of PtII complexes containing cis‐{Pt(η1‐hydrocarbyl)(η2‐unsaturated ligand)} moieties, which have been isolated or at least unequivocally characterized in solution. These compounds, which mimic reactive intermediates of fundamental catalytic processes, have been classified in four general types, which display a cis arrangement of an alkyl group and a monoalkene (I), an aryl group and a monoalkene (II), an alkyl group and a monoalkyne (III), and an aryl group and a monoalkyne (IV). A discussion of their main structural and chemicalfeatures, disclosing the factors affecting their reactivity, dynamic behavior, and relative stability, is presented. In some remarkable cases (III and IV), it is the cis arrangement of the hydrocarbyl fragments that promotes unusual reactivity.
Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of 4‐Iodopyrazole Derivatives with Amidines for the Synthesis of Pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Nayak Maloy , Rastogi Neeraj , Batra Sanjay 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAn efficient copper‐catalyzed cascade reaction of 4‐iodopyrazolecarbaldehydes and 4‐iodopyrazolecarboxamides with substituted amidines for the preparation of substituted pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidines and pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7(6H)‐ones, respectively, is described.
HEIGHT AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION AT OLDER AGES: IS HEIGHT A USEFUL SUMMARY MEASURE OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES?
Authors: Guven Cahit , Lee Wang Sheng 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYPrevious research using US data suggests that height, as a marker for early investments in health, is associated with better cognitive functioning in later life, but this association disappears once education is controlled for. Using an English cohort of men and women older than 50 years, we find that the association between height and cognitive outcomes remains significant after controlling for education suggesting that height affects cognitive functioning not simply via higher educational attainment. Furthermore, the significant association between height and cognitive function remains even after controls for early life indicators have been included. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sex difference in stress‐induced enhancement of hippocampal CA1 long‐term depression during puberty
Authors: Huang Chiung‐Chun , Chen Jia‐Peng , Yeh Che‐Ming , Hsu Kuei‐Sen 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFemales and males react differently to stress. Our previous studies revealed that acute stress facilitates the induction of long‐term depression (LTD) in hippocampal CA1 region. However, it remains unknown whether sex difference exists in the effect of stress on LTD. Using an acute unpredictable and inescapable restraint‐tailshock stress paradigm, we report here that hippocampal slices from stressed male rats expressed larger LTD by low‐frequency stimulation (LFS) than controls, whereas such effect was not observed in female rats during puberty. The facilitatory effect of stress on LTD was prevented when animals were submitted to bilateral adrenalectomy. However, no sex difference in the magnitudes of LTD induced by direct application of N‐methy‐D‐aspartate or a combination of LFS with the glutamate uptake inhibitor D,L‐threo‐β‐benzyloxyaspartate was observed in slices from naive rats. Female rats exhibited significantly higher basal but not stress‐evoked levels of plasma corticosterone than male rats. In addition, the expression levels of glucocorticoid receptors in hippocampal CA1 region were significantly lower in female than male rats. Moreover, female rats showed less responsiveness to stress‐ or dexamethasone‐induced suppression of glutamate uptake in hippocampal synaptosomal preparations than male rats. Importantly, female rats that were masculinized with testosterone at birth responded to stress like male rats did, demonstrating an enhancement of LTD. In contrast, ovariectomized female rats failed to restore theability of stress to facilitate LTD. These results reveal an obvious sex difference in stress‐induced modification of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, which depends on organizational effect of testosterone during early development. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copy number variations of GSTT1 and GSTM1, colorectal cancer risk and possible effect modification of cigarette smoking and menopausal hormone therapy
Authors: Rudolph Anja , Hein Rebecca , Hoffmeister Michael , Försti Asta , Hemminki Kari , Risch Angela , Brenner Hermann , Chang‐Claude Jenny 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCopy number variations (CNVs) of the glutathione‐S‐transferase θ‐1 (GSTT1) and glutathione‐S‐transferase μ‐1 (GSTM1) gene loci can lead to complete lack of enzyme and have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. As GSTs are involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics, CNVs may modify CRC risk associated with smoking exposure and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use. We investigated CRC risk associated with GSTT1 and GSTM1 CNVs and their interaction with smoking in 1,796 cases and 1,806 age‐, sex‐ and residence‐matched controls from a German population‐based case‐control study (DACHS). The interaction with MHT was assessed in the subset of 684 postmenopausal female cases and 681 controls. Trimodular genotypes (0/0, 1/0 and 1/1) were determined with relative quantification based on multiplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The associations with CRC risk as well as possible effect modifications were evaluated using conditional logistic regression analysis. CNVs of GSTT1 and GSTM1 were not significantly associated with CRC risk. Compared to the 1/1 genotype, odds ratios (ORs) for the 0/1 genotype and the 0/0 genotype were 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77–1.04] and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.80–1.18) for GSTT1, and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.78–1.27) and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.81–1.31) for GSTM1. Compared to the non‐null genotype, ORs for the null‐genotype were 1.04 (95% CI: 0.87–1.23) for GSTT1 and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.91–1.18) for GSTM1. No significant interaction with smoking and MHT use was observed. Our study does not provide evidence for a strong association between CRC risk and CNVs of GSTT1 or GSTM1 or for an effect modification of smoking or MHT use.
STREET WORKING CHILDREN, CHILDREN'S AGENCY AND THE CHALLENGE OF CHILDREN'S RIGHTS: EVIDENCE FROM MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL
Authors: Grugel Jean , Ferreira Frederico Poley Martins 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDrawing on data from the first large scale survey of street working children in Minas Gerais, Brazil, this article calls for a debate around how to support street working children. Street working children experience multiple human rights abuses; yet anti‐poverty programmes do not target sufficiently their needs and fail to engage with their perceptions of their lives or consider the choices they make as salient for policy making. Using insights from the new sociology of childhood, we argue that policy makers need to come to terms with the agency of child street workers and adjust their policies accordingly. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climatic gradients along the windward slopes of Mount Kenya and their implication for crop risks. Part 1: climate variability
Authors: Camberlin Pierre , Boyard‐Micheau Joseph , Philippon Nathalie , Baron Christian , Leclerc Christian , Mwongera Caroline 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn tropical mountains, the way topographical gradients translate in terms of intra‐seasonal and interannual climate variability (especially rainfall and evapotranspiration) is relatively unknown, yet it is an important issue for agriculture and food security. The eastern slopes of Mount Kenya, in East Africa, with their wide range of agro‐ecological conditions, are appropriate for the study of these aspects. Daily (monthly) rainfall data from 11 (24) stations at different elevations and exposures are collected for the period 1961–2006. For the elevation belts suitable for farming and agro‐pastoral activities, mostly below 2000 m, it is found that not all rainfall characteristics co‐vary with altitude.Four distinct behaviours are revealed: (1) Parameters which show a relatively regular increase/decrease with elevation. This is the case for the duration of the two rainy seasons found across the region, and the mean onset and cessation dates, (2) Parameters which show a relatively uniform pattern throughout the region, with little differences both horizontally and vertically. This applies to the interannual variability of the October–December seasonal rains, which are quite homogeneously modulated by Indian Ocean sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs), (3) Parameters markedly influenced by exposure. This applies to daily rainfall intensities, which peak along the southeast‐facing slopes, whatever the altitude. The frequency of rainy days shows both a vertical gradient and some influence of exposure, (4) Parameters which show very weak spatial coherence, or pronounced vertical discontinuities. This is obvious for the cessation date of the March–May rains, whose poorly organized interannual variability contrasts with that of the onset.Variables involved in potential evapotranspiration (ET0) computation display either a strong (maximum temperature) or a weak (global radiation) vertical coherence, reflecting the existence/absence of an elevation control on the mean distribution of these variables. However, the interannual variations of global radiation have the strongest influence on those of ET0. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society