bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying experimental methods to determine the effect of pain on attention: a review of pain, caffeine, alcohol and nicotine studies
Authors: Moore David J. , Keogh Edmund , Eccleston Christopher 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo review published studies of the effects that pain and common psychopharmacological substances have on the attentional performance of healthy adults. To identify which attentional tasks have the greatest potential to investigate the effect of pain on attention and provide recommendations for future research.MethodsA search was conducted for reports of experimental studies of attention in the context of pain. This was supplemented with studies on attention and caffeine, nicotine and alcohol. Studies were included if they used a healthy adult sample, used experimental or quasi‐experimental methods, were relevant to the study of attention or interruption of pain and/or examined the acute effects of a substance on attention.ResultsThirty‐two papers, with 49 different experimental studies were identified (12 pain, 21 nicotine, 7 caffeine, 9 alcohol). Fourteen different tasks were reviewed across six domains of attention. The most promising measures of attention were the continuous performance task, flanker task, endogenous pre‐cuing task,n‐back task, inhibition task and dual task.ConclusionsThere are reliable tasks that could be used to determine the effects of pain on attention. Future research is required that develops the utility of these tasks to improve our understanding of the effects pain and analgesia have on attentional performance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quetiapine treatment and improved cognitive functioning in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Van den Eynde Frederique , De Saedeleer Sofie , Naudts Kris , Day Jemma , Vogels Caroline , van Heeringen Cornelis , Audenaert Kurt 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess whether executive functioning improved over time in a sample of borderline personality disorder (BPD) subjects that took part in a quetiapine treatment trial.MethodsPerformance on the following neurocognitive tasks was assessed at enrolment and at the end of the 12 weeks quetiapine treatment: Trail Making Task, Word Fluency Task and Tower of London Task. Forty‐one BPD patients were recruited, of whom 32 completed the trial. An intention‐to‐treat analysis with a mixed linear model was applied.ResultsThe data show that participants significantly improved on most executive functioning measures. Patients' scores decreased significantly (mean [SD] difference; p‐value) on the Trail Making Task Part A (11.7 [2.3]; p < 0.0001), Part B (51.8 [9.2]; p < 0.0001) and ‘B minus A’ (40.1 [8.2]; p < 0.0001), on a Phonological (15.9 [1.6]; p < 0.0001) and Semantic (9.8 [1.1]; p < 0.0001) Verbal Fluency tasks, and on the Tower of London total correct score (2.5 [0.4]; p < 0.0001), total move score (29.5 [4.5]; p < 0.0001) and total time (172.9 [35.8]; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn this study we have demonstrated that executive functioning in BPD is improved after treatment with quetiapine. Neurocognitive measures of executive functioning should be considered as valuable outcomes in the study of treatment efficacy in BPD. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lack of association of GPX1 and MnSOD genes with symptom severity and response to clozapine treatment in schizophrenia subjects
Authors: Souza Renan P. , Tampakeras Maria , Basile Vince , Shinkai Takahiro , Rosa Daniela V. F. , Potkin Steve , Meltzer Herbert Y. , Lieberman Jeffrey A. , Romano‐Silva Marco A. , Kennedy James L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAbnormal activities of critical antioxidant enzymes and other indices of lipid peroxidation in plasma and red blood cells were detected in patients with schizophrenia. Other results have shown that oxidative stress may be modulated by clozapine. Based on that and some studies already found different clinical relations between reactive oxygen species and negative and positive symptoms, we evaluated association between clinical response and the polymorphism in the human glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) (Pro200Leu, rs1050450) and manganese SOD (MNSOD) (Ala16Val, rs4880) gene in 216 clozapine‐treated patients with schizophrenia. No association was found with these two functional polymorphisms and clozapine response and symptom change after 6 months. No correlations were found between positive/negative symptoms score and both polymorphisms. Our results present that GPX1 (Pro200Leu) and MNSOD (Ala16Val) polymorphisms seem do not play a central role in the clozapine response, although studies in larger and independent samples are necessary to confirm our findings. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive post‐event survey of a flash flood in Western Slovenia: observation strategy and lessons learned
Authors: Marchi Lorenzo , Borga Marco , Preciso Emanuele , Sangati Marco , Gaume Eric , Bain Valerie , Delrieu Guy , Bonnifait Laurent , Pogačnik Nejc 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSpatial and temporal scales of occurrence of flash floods, combined with the space and time scales of conventional measurement networks of rain and discharge, make these events particularly difficult to observe. The effective documentation of flash floods requires post‐flood survey strategies encompassing accurate radar rainfall estimation, field observations of the geomorphic processes associated with the flood, indirect reconstruction of peak discharges and interviews of eyewitnesses. This paper describes the methods applied and the results achieved in the survey of a flash flood that occurred on 18th September 2007 in the Selška Sora watershed (Western Slovenia). Hydrometeorological analyses of the storm are based on radar reflectivity observations. The documentation of the flash flood reveals high peak flood discharges and a complex flood response. Peak discharges were estimated at 22 cross sections, with drainage areas ranging from 0·2 to 147 km2. Among the lessons learned from the field study of the Selška Sora flash flood, there are three key conclusions that can inform similar studies. Firstly, geomorphological surveys are an important prerequisite for flood discharge reconstruction in mountainous watersheds affected by debris flow and intense sediment transport. Secondly, the accounts of eyewitnesses of the flood provide a unique contribution to event reconstruction. Finally, it is necessary to have quality controlled weather radar data, which may permit coupling field observations with rainfall‐runoff modelling. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutritional and hormonal regulation of uncoupling protein 2
Authors: Yonezawa Tomo , Kurata Riho , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Kono Azumi , Kimura Minoru , Inoko Hidetoshi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUncoupling proteins (UCPs) belong to a family of mitochondrial carrier proteins that are present in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Genetic and experimental studies have shown that UCP dysfunction can be involved in metabolic disorders and in obesity. Uncoupling protein‐1 (UCP1; also known as thermogenin) was identified in 1988 and found to be highly expressed in brown adipose tissue. UCP1 allows the leak of protons in respiring mitochondria, dissipating the energy as heat; the enzyme has an important role in nonshivering heat production induced by cold exposure or food intake. In 1997, two homologs of UCP1 were identified and named UCP2 and UCP3. These novel proteins also lower mitochondrial membrane potential, but whether they can dissipate metabolic energy as heat as efficiently as UCP1 is open to dispute. Even after a decade of study, the physiological roles of these novel proteins have still not been completely elucidated. This review aims to shed light on the nutritional and hormonal regulation of UCP2 and on its physiological roles. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61: 1123–1131, 2009
Nuclear protein 1 induced by ATF4 in response to various stressors acts as a positive regulator on the transcriptional activation of ATF4
Authors: Jin Hyeon‐Ok , Seo Sung‐Keum , Woo Sang‐Hyeok , Choe Tae‐Boo , Hong Seok‐Il , Kim Jong‐Il , Park In‐Chul 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) was originally identified as p8, a member of the family of HMG‐I/Y transcription factors induced in response to various cellular stressors. However, the signaling pathway underlying NUPR1 induction by cellular stresses remains to be established. In this study, we found that the expression of NUPR1 by various stresses induced by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Loss of ATF4 using siRNA significantly diminished NUPR1 expression. Overexpression of ATF4 caused NUPR1 levels to rise. NUPR1 expression was associated with enhanced transcriptional activation of genes of ATF4 downstream, suggesting that the protein promoted the transcription of stress‐regulated genes via positive feedback on the ATF4 pathway. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61: 1153–1158, 2009
Evaluation of the toxicity of veterinary antibiotics on activated sludge using modified Sturm tests—application to tetracycline and tylosine antibiotics
Authors: Prado Nolwenn , Montéléon Céline , Ochoa Juan , Amrane Abdeltif 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: CO2‐ evolution tests (OECD 301‐B), formerly known as modified Sturm tests, are commonly used for evaluation of the biodegradation potential of non‐volatile molecules through measurement of the carbon dioxide produced. Extension of the modified Sturm test to evaluation of the toxicity of veterinary antibiotics, tetracycline and tylosine, on the biological treatment of swine wastewater was examined in this work.RESULTS: Modified Sturm test results highlighted the care which should be given to the description of the operational parameters (matrix and inoculum source). Using lab‐scale inoculum, it was shown that the toxicity threshold of tetracycline (7–10 mg L−1 total organic carbon (TOC)) was higher than that of tylosine (4–5 mg L−1 TOC). Tylosine was found to be slightly biodegradable while total non‐biodegradability was found for tetracycline.CONCLUSION: The higher tetracycline biodegradability may be related to the molecular conformation of tetracycline and tylosine antibiotics, the former is constituted of four benzoic cycles hardly breakable, while tylosine is constituted of a central structure with attached glycosidic‐like fragments which might easily be biologically degraded. The antibiotic inhibitory effect was lower using membrane bioreactor sludge instead of lab‐scale pilot sludge, in agreement with the lower resistance compared with pilot scale or industrial scale sludge. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Differentiation of lisinopril and its RSS diastereomer by liquid chromatography combined with collision‐induced dissociation mass spectrometry
Authors: Sun Cuirong , Zhu Peixi , Hu Nan , Wang Danhua , Pan Yuanjiang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA simple and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem multiple‐stage mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) method suitable for bulk lisinopril analysis was developed, by which lisinopril and its RSS isomer were separated and differentiated. In the collision‐induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra of the [M + H]+ ions, the abundance of the fragment ion of m/z 246 for lisinopril was about two times higher than the ion of m/z 245; however, the former fragment ion was noted to be a little lower than the latter for RSS isomer at all collision energies. In the CID mass spectra of the [M + Li]+ ion, the abundance of the rearrangement ion of m/z 315 for the RSS isomer was about three times higher than that for lisinopril. Furthermore, the difference was supported by the results of energy‐resolved mass spectrometry (ERMS) in the test range of collision energies. Similar differences were also observed between the CID mass spectra of lisinopril and RSS isomer methylester, which indicated that the RSS isomer could be rapidly characterized by the CID mass spectra of both the protonated and lithium adduct ion. Elemental compositions of all the ions were confirmed by Fourier Transform ion cyclotron resonance ESI mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR‐ESI/MS). In addition, theoretical computations were carried out to support the experimental results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatty acid and essential oil composition of three Tunisian caraway (Carum carvi L.) seed ecotypes
Authors: Laribi Bochra , Kouki Karima , Mougou Abdelaziz , Marzouk Brahim 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The essential oil and fatty acid composition of Tunisian annual caraway (Carum carvi L.) seeds from three ecotypes was investigated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses.RESULTS: Total fatty acid (TFA) proportion of caraway seeds varied from 2.95% to 5.68% (w/w). The fatty acid composition revealed that Tunisian caraway seed oil is rich in an unusual fatty acid—petroselinic acid—the proportion of which varied from 31.53% and 38.36% of TFA. Essential oil yields were relatively low and ranged from 0.86% to 1.20% (w/w). Forty‐one volatile compounds were identified, the main ones being carvone (76.78–80.53%) and limonene (13.05–20.29%).CONCLUSION: Tunisian caraway seed oil is rich in an unusual fatty acid—petroselinic acid—which is of potential industrial significance. In addition, Tunisian caraway essential oil is carvone chemotype. This fact is of great economic interest due to the several applications of carvone in the alimentary and medicinal industries. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) isoflavones: root phenolic compounds affected by biotic and abiotic stress factors
Authors: Saviranta Niina MM , Julkunen‐Tiitto Riitta , Oksanen Elina , Karjalainen Reijo O 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Phenolic compounds have recently received considerable attention for their ability to protect plant and human cells from oxidative stress‐induced damage. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a rich source of isoflavonoids with multiple potential protective functions. The aim of this study was to identify and characterise phenolic compounds in red clover roots by high‐performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry and to study the effects of stress factors and growth stage on root phenolics.RESULTS: A total of 28 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in red clover roots. The most abundant phenolics in pot‐grown roots were formononetin glycoside malonate (G‐M) (1.51–4.26 mg g−1), formononetin (2.21–3.57 mg g−1) and biochanin A (1.73–2.17 mg g−1), whereas field‐grown roots were rich in formononetin‐G‐M (3.90–4.27 mg g−1), maackiain‐G‐M (2.35–3.02 mg g−1) and pseudobaptigenin‐G‐M (1.80–2.58 mg g−1). Concentrations were affected by the growth stage. Ozone exposure slightly affected the total phenolic content in roots and also had minor effects on individual compounds.CONCLUSION: Elevated ozone, cultivation regime and growth stage affected the levels of phenolics in red clover roots, suggesting sensitivity of root phenolics to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The high levels of phenolics found in roots even in late autumn may be utilised in many applications. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of a Positively Charged Moiety on Aggregation‐Disaggregation Self‐Oscillation Induced by the BZ Reaction
Authors: Hara Yusuke , Yoshida Ryo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe behavior of the transmittance self‐oscillation of a polymer chain with a positively charged MAPTAC group is studied. The polymer concentration exerts considerable influence on the behavior and lifetime of the self‐oscillation. The redox potential and transmittance are measured simultaneously showing that the reactivity of the Ru(bpy)3moiety is significantly affected by the polymer aggregation state, originating from the solubility of the polymer chain. The behavior and lifetime of the self‐oscillation can be controlled by changing the design of the polymer structure and concentration.magnified image
Effect of Solvent–Nonsolvent Miscibility on Morphology and Electrochemical Performance of SiO2/PVdF‐HFP‐Based Composite Separator Membranes for Safer Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jeong Hyun‐Seok , Noh Jin Hee , Hwang Chu‐Gyun , Kim Sang Ho , Lee Sang‐Young 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAs a new approach to improve the thermal stability of separator membranes crucially affecting the internal short‐circuit failures of lithium‐ion batteries, we develop a new composite separator membrane. The composite separator membrane is prepared by introducing microporous composite coating layers onto both sides of a polyethylene (PE) separator membrane. The composite coating layers consist of silica (SiO2) nanoparticles and gel‐type polymer electrolytes (PVdF‐HFP, polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene). The microporous morphology of composite coating layers is determined by controlling the phase inversion, more specifically the solvent–nonsolvent miscibility in the coating solutions. To induce the phase inversion, three different nonsolvents are chosen in the decreasing order of solubility parameter (δ) difference against the solvent (acetone, δ = 20 MPa1/2); the non‐solvents are water (δ = 48 MPa1/2), ethanol (δ = 26 MPa1/2), and isopropyl alcohol (δ = 24 MPa1/2). The microporous structure of composite coating layers becomes more developed with the increase of not only the nonsolvent content, but also the solubility parameter difference between acetone and the nonsolvent. Based on this understanding of the phase inversion, the influence of the morphological variation on the thermal shrinkage and electrochemical performance of the composite separator membranes is quantitatively identified.magnified image
High‐Performance Carbon Nanotube‐Reinforced Bioplastic
Authors: Ramontja James , Ray Suprakas Sinha , Pillai Sreejarani K. , Luyt Adriaan S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe inherent properties of poly(lactide), a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, are concurrently improved by the incorporation of a small amount of surface functionalized carbon nanotubes. A new method has been used to functionalize the CNTs' outer surface with hexadecylamine. A composite of PLA with functionalized CNTs has been prepared by melt‐extrusion. FT‐IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, DSC, and optical microscopy are used to investigate the thermal and mechanical property improvement mechanism in f‐CNTs containing PLA composite.magnified image
Besov‐Morrey spaces and Triebel‐Lizorkin‐Morrey spaces for nondoubling measures
Authors: Sawano Yoshihiro , Tanaka Hitoshi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe define Morrey type Besov‐Triebel spaces with the underlying measure non‐doubling. After defining the function spaces, we investigate boundedness property of some class of the singular integral operators (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantum field theory meets Hopf algebra
Authors: Brouder Christian 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper provides a primer in quantum field theory (QFT) based on Hopf algebra and describes new Hopf algebraic constructions inspired by QFT concepts. The following QFT concepts are introduced: chronological products, S ‐matrix, Feynman diagrams, connected diagrams, Green functions, renormalization. The use of Hopf algebra for their definition allows for simple recursive derivations and leads to a correspondence between Feynman diagrams and semi‐standard Young tableaux. Reciprocally, these concepts are used as models to derive Hopf algebraic constructions such as a connected coregular action or a group structure on the linear maps from S (V) to V. In many cases, noncommutative analogues are derived (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Weyl quantization of Lebesgue spaces
Authors: Boggiatto Paolo , De Donno Giuseppe , Oliaro Alessandro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe study boundedness and compactness properties for the Weyl quantization with symbols in Lq (ℝ2d ) acting on Lp (ℝd ). This is shown to be equivalent, in suitable Banach space setting, to that of the Wigner transform. We give a short proof by interpolation of Lieb's sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the Wigner transform, proving furthermore that these conditions are also necessary. This yields a complete characterization of boundedness for Weyl operators in Lp setting; compactness follows by approximation. We extend these results defining two scales of spaces, namely L*q (ℝ2d ) and L♯q (R2d ), respectively smaller and larger than the Lq (ℝ2d ),and showing that the Weyl correspondence is bounded on L*q (R2d ) (and yields compact operators), whereas it is not on L♯q (R2d ). We conclude with a remark on weak‐type Lp boundedness (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Generalized Hankel operators on the Fock space
Authors: Schneider Georg , Schneider Kristan A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper we study generalized Hankel operators ofthe form : ℱ2(|z |2) → L2(|z |2). Here, (f):= (Id–Pl )($ \bar z $kf) and Pl is the projection onto Al 2(ℂ, |z |2):= cl(span{$ \bar z $m zn | m, n ∈ N, m ≤ l }). The investigations in this article extend the ones in [11] and [6], where the special cases l = 0 and l = 1 are considered, respectively. The main result is that the operators are not bounded for l < k – 1. The proof relies on a combinatoric argument and a generalization to general conjugate holomorphic L2 symbols, generalizing arguments from [6], seems possible and is planned for future work (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Perturbation of complex polynomials and normal operators
Authors: Rainer Armin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe study the regularity of the roots of complex monic polynomials P (t) of fixed degree depending smoothly on a real parameter t. We prove that each continuous parameterization of the roots of a generic C∞ curve P (t) (which always exists) is locally absolutely continuous. Generic means that no two of the continuously chosen roots meet of infinite order of flatness. Simple examples show that one cannot expect a better regularity than absolute continuity. This result will follow from the proposition that for any t0 there exists a positive integer N such that t ↦ P (t0 ± (t – t0)N ) admits smooth parameterizations of its roots near t0. We show that Cn curves P (t) (where n = deg P) admit differentiable roots if and only if the order of contact of the roots is ≥ 1. We give applications to the perturbation theory of normal matrices and unbounded normal operators with compact resolvents and common domain of definition: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a generic C∞ curve of such operators can be arranged locally in an absolutely continuous way (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)