bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIIB021, a novel Hsp90 inhibitor, sensitizes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to radiotherapy
Authors: Yin Xiaoying , Zhang Hong , Lundgren Karen , Wilson Lynn , Burrows Francis , Shores Carol G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHeat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that promotes the conformational maturation of numerous client proteins, many of which play critical roles in tumor cell growth and survival. The ansamycin‐based Hsp90 inhibitor 17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐AAG) is currently in Phase III clinical testing. However, 17‐AAG is difficult to formulate and associated with dose‐limited toxicity issues. A fully synthetic and bioavailable Hsp90 inhibitor, BIIB021, was evaluated for antitumor activity in a variety of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and HNSCC xenograft models, either as a single agent or in combination with fractionated radiation and the results were compared with that of 17‐AAG. BIIB021 showed strong antitumor activity, comparable with, and in certain instances, superior to 17‐AAG. BIIB021 enhanced the in vitro radiosensitivity of HNSCCA cell lines with a corresponding reduction in the expression of key radioresponsive proteins, increased apoptotic cells and enhance G2 arrest. In xenograft studies, BIIB021 exhibited a strong antitumor effect outperforming 17‐AAG, either as a single agent and or in combination with radiation, thereby improved the efficacy of radiation. These results suggest that this synthetic and bioavailable Hsp90 inhibitor affects multiple pathways involved in tumor development and progression in the HNSCC setting and may represent a better strategy for the treatment of HNSCC patients, either as a monotherapy or a radiosensitizer. Furthermore, it also demonstrates the benefits of using preclinical models of chemosensitization to radiotherapy to explore clinically relevant radiation dosing schemes.
The Role of Early Fungal Colonizers in Leaf‐Litter Decomposition in Portuguese Streams Impacted by Agricultural Runoff
Authors: Sridhar K. R. , Duarte Sofia , Cássio Fernanda , Pascoal Cláudia 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe conducted a transplant experiment between two streams in NW Portugal impacted by agricultural runoff, mainly differing in phosphate concentration, to determine whether fungi on decomposing leaves would adapt to the new environment or would be replaced by fungi of the recipient stream. The most nutrient enriched stream had lower fungal diversity but faster leaf decomposition. Leaf transplantation did not alter fungal activity or species dominance. Multidimensional scaling ordination of fungal communities, from DNA fingerprint or conidial production, revealed that transplanted communities resembled more those of the original stream than the recipient stream. Results suggest that early fungal colonizers will determine the development and activity of fungal communities on decomposing leaves in streams impacted by agricultural practices. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sericostoma vittatum (Trichoptera) Larvae Are Able to Use Pine Litter as an Energy Source
Authors: Campos Jaime , González Jose M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe tested the effect of conditioning time of Pinus sylvestris litter on food consumption and growth of laboratory‐reared Sericostoma vittatum larvae. In all cases, larval mass was positively correlated with consumption rates but negatively with growth rates and gross production efficiencies. Conditioning time (4, 8 or 30 weeks) had an effect on feeding rates: they were lowest for the least conditioned pine litter, but no effect of conditioning time on growth rates was observed. Contrary to previous reports on conifer litter use by aquatic detritivores, our results indicate that S.vittatum larvae were able to transform the highly refractory pine litter into secondary production even when it was conditioned for only 4 weeks. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impacts of Eucalyptus globulus Plantations on Physiology and Population Densities of Invertebrates Inhabiting Iberian Atlantic Streams
Authors: Larrañaga Aitor , Basaguren Ana , Pozo Jesús 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of Eucalyptus plantations on population and biochemistry parameters of 3 stream invertebrates. The shredder Echinogammarus spp. had significantly lower densities, proportion of adults and lower accumulation rates of mass, lipid, carbon and nitrogen in eucalypt sites than in native deciduous sites. For the shredder Sericostoma pyrenaicum (Pictet) similar densities were found in both site types, but mass accumulation rate was again lower in eucalypt sites than in the native ones. Contrastingly, density of the collector/grazer Habroleptoides confusa (Sartori and Jacob) was higher in eucalypt sites than in native sites and maximum body length and protein accumulation rate was better explained by soluble reactive phosphorus content in the water than with eucalypt cover. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Impact of Fungal Extracts on Leaf Litter on the Food Preference of Gammarus roeselii
Authors: Aßmann Christine , von Elert Eric 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe investigated the effect of methanol and methanol/methylene chloride extracts of the oomycete Pythium sp. JN 1‐b and of the fungi Ascomycete sp. PVSo8, Fusarium sporotrichoides, and Cylindrocarpon sp. 94‐2057 on the food preference of Gammarus roeselii. The preference for leaf discs coated with these extracts compared to uncoated leaf discs was tested in food‐choice assays. Methanol extracts of all strains repelled G. roeselii, and the effect of the extract concentration on relative consumption was strain specific. The repellent effect of these extracts, especially of extracts of Cylindrocarpon sp., decreased when the fungi were grown on leaf extract medium as opposed to synthetic medium containing sucrose. None of the methanol/methylene chloride extracts affected the food preference of the gammarid. We conclude that biologically active compounds were extracted from fungi and an oomycete were soluble in methanol but not in methanol/methylene chloride. Only repellent activity was observed with the extracts, and relative ratios of repellents and attractants might determine the consumption of fungi by G. roeselii. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flow Velocity Effect on Leaf Litter Breakdown in Tufa Depositing System (Plitvice Lakes, Croatia)
Authors: Belančić Anita , Kepčija Renata Matoničkin , Miliša Marko , Moraj Anđelka Plenković , Habdija Ivan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractConsiderable amount of riparian leaf litter is annually supplied to the cascade Plitvice Lakes and trapped on tufa barriers where it decays together with aquatic macrophytes. These barriers are the sites of heavy calcite precipitation that can widely differ in terms of current velocity. We conducted a leafbag experiment at sites differing in flow velocity and tufa deposition rate. Decomposition of Petasites spp. and Fagus sylvatica was higher under high current (0.80 m/s) and high tufa deposition areas than in low current (< 0.20 m/s) and low tufa deposition areas (k = 0.085 vs. 0.021 for Petasites spp. and 0.009 vs. 0.002 for Fagus sylvatica). We concluded that although tufa deposition could interfere with decomposition by obstructing physical abrasion and also restricting microbial conditioning, thin calcite crusts developed on the surface of the leaves made them more fragile and thus accelerated their decomposition. High current velocity probably magnified this effect by supporting higher tufa deposition and coarser type of tufa fabrics. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A position of influence: Variation in offender identification rates by location in a lineup
Authors: O'connell Michael , Synnott John 
Published: August 2009

AbstractResearchers have identified several threats to the validity of the use of the lineup as a test of true recognition. One concern is related to the structure of the simultaneous lineup. It is argued here that a simultaneous presentation of an array nonetheless requires the viewer to undertake sequential processing of the items in the array. This sequential pattern is unlikely to be random and therefore the position of a culprit in a lineup may have a significant effect on the accuracy of witness selection. A simulated crime (snatching of a handbag) was shown to a convenience sample of 84 undergraduates aged between 18–23 years. In 84 subsequent live lineups, the offender was placed with four foils. He was positioned on the far left (position 1) in 42 cases (50%), and in 14 cases respectively in positions 3 (centre), 4 (centre right) and 5 (extreme right). A very strong association was found between position and correct identification with position 1 placement leading to a significantly lower proportion of correct identification (7.1%) compared to position 3 (50.0%), position 4 (64.3%), and position 5 (21.4%). Steps to remedy possible positional biases are considered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and application of a novel environmentally friendly organic seed coating for rice
Authors: Zeng Defang , Shi Yafei 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Traditional rice seed coating techniques involve the use of chemical pesticides, which can damage the seed in the process and cause possible physical and environmental damage. Increasing knowledge and concern about the traditional applications have brought new attention to the industry and the search for a novel coating agent that is effective, safe and environmentally friendly. A new type of organic rice seed coating agent was developed using liquid‐based polymeric adhesives. By using chitosan as the main raw material, modified with sodium hydroxide and polymerised with plant growth regulators and other additives, the novel seed coating agent is a safer, cheaper and more environmentally friendly alternative.RESULTS: The novel seed coating agent significantly enhanced sprout growth over traditional agents. We found it has obvious biological advantages: it stimulates the seedling growth of rice, advances the growth of root, improves root activity and increases the crop yield in the germination test and field trial. Compared with the traditional rice seed coating agent, the crop yield of seeds coated by the novel seed coating agent was increased by 5%, and at 25% less cost. The fungal inhibition test of the novel seed coating agent and acute toxicity test on fish showed that it has an obvious fungal inhibitory effect and a higher safety index during usage and disposal.CONCLUSION: This result suggests that treating seeds with the novel seed coating agent has significant agricultural implications through the enhanced seed vigour as reflected in growth. It is efficient and effective, resulting in better seed and crop protection. The novel seed coating agent demonstrates unique characteristics with great economic and environmental benefits. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of punicic acid naturally occurring in food on lipid peroxidation in healthy young humans
Authors: Yuan Gao‐Feng , Wahlqvist Mark L , Yuan Jing‐Qun , Wang Qiao‐Mei , Li Duo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological roles of punicic acid (PA) naturally occurring in a Chinese snack food, Trichosanthes kirilowii (TK) seeds, in healthy young subjects.RESULTS: Following a 7 day adaptation period with sunflower seed kernel supplementation, 30 subjects were divided into control and test groups (n = 15 per group). The test group was supplemented daily with TK seed kernels containing 3 g PA in the form of triacylglycerols for 28 days. The control group was provided with sunflower seed kernels. Urinary 8‐iso‐prostaglandin F2α concentration increased significantly in the test group (P = 0.004). However, there were no significant effects on body weight, plasma lipid profile, cholesterol‐reactive protein, interleukin 6, insulin, glucose and insulin resistance.CONCLUSION: PA naturally occurring in TK seeds increases lipid peroxidation in healthy young humans. Further studies of the mechanism behind and the possible consequences of the increased lipid peroxidation after PA supplementation are needed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of orthogonal two‐dimensional hydrophilic interaction chromatography systems with the introduction of novel stationary phases
Authors: Liu Yanming , Guo Zhimou , Feng Jiatao , Xue Xingya , Zhang Feifang , Xu Qing , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTwo different offline 2‐D hydrophilic interaction chromatography (2D‐HILIC/HILIC) systems have been developed. In the two systems, a click maltose column was used in the first dimension, an amide column or a click β‐CD column was used in the second dimension, respectively. Both of the systems were used for the analysis of very polar components in Carthamus tinctorius Linn., which is a traditional Chinese medicine. Excellent orthogonality and separation results were obtained in both 2D‐HILIC/HILIC systems, while the peak capacity of the system based on click maltose and amide column was higher for its adoption of stationary phase with smaller particle size in the second dimension.
Solid‐phase extraction and HPLC determination of fluoroquinolones in surface waters
Authors: Sturini Michela , Speltini Andrea , Pretali Luca , Fasani Elisa , Profumo Antonella 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAn investigation on filtration procedures and SPE sorbents used for the determination of traces of the most common veterinary fluoroquinolones (FQs), marbofloxacin (MAR) and enrofloxacin (ENR) used as antibacterial agents in cattle and swine farms in the province of Pavia (Italy), was performed in natural waters. The filter composition and the sorbent used in the SPE strongly influence the correct recovery, both in terms of total and dissolved FQs concentration. An accurate comparison among different filters and SPE sorbents showed that a full determination of analytes was possible on nylon filters followed by anionic (WAX) and hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) resins as SPE. Quantitative analysis was done by chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC‐FD). Fluoroquinolones recovery was between 90 and 116% with RSD not greater than 10% (sample volume 250 mL). The developed method allowed to determine both dissolved and NOM‐absorbed fractions of FQs, therefore a full determination of the analytes was possible. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were, respectively, 0.7 and 2.2 ng/L for ENR and 2 and 6 ng/L for MAR. The kinetics of degradation under solar light was explored.
Determination of pKa values of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug‐oxicams by RP–HPLC and their analysis in pharmaceutical dosage forms
Authors: Demiralay Ebru Cubuk , Alsancak Guleren , Ozkan Sibel A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this study, pKa values were determined by using the dependence of the capacity factor on the pH of the mobile phase for four ionizable substances, namely, tenoxicam, piroxicam, meloxicam, and naproxen (I.S.). The effect of the mobile phase composition on the ionization constant was studied by measuring the pKa at different ACN concentrations, ranging from 30 to 40%. The adequate condition for the chromatographic determination of these compounds in pharmaceutical dosage forms was established based on the different retention behaviors of the species. An octadecylsilica Nucleosil C18 column (150×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used for all the determinations. The chromatographic separation of oxicams was carried out using acetonitrile (ACN)/water at 35% v/v, containing 65 mM phosphoric acid and UV detection at a wavelength of 355 nm. The method developed was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of these drug compounds in laboratory‐prepared mixtures and their commercial pharmaceutical dosage forms. Each analysis requires no longer than 12 min.
Thermally induced dissolution/precipitation – A simple approach for the preparation of macroporous monoliths from linear aliphatic polyamides
Authors: Nguyen Anh Mai , Nordborg Anna , Shchukarev Andrei , Irgum Knut 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA versatile way of preparing macroporous monolithic materials from linear aliphatic polyamides is presented. Simply, polyamide pellets were treated in benzyl alcohol (BA) at elevated temperature, causing dissolution by interchain hydrogen bond disruption. Subsequent cooling below the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) resulted in precipitation and partial restoration of the semicrystalline polymer, which is organized into network structures. The final steps were a solvent exchange of BA for methanol, followed by drying to form monolithic entities. A number of polyamides ranging from hydrophilic to hydrophobic were tested and under the experimental conditions, poly(1‐aza‐2‐cycloheptanone (PA6) and (poly‐[imino‐1,6‐hexanediylimino{1,10‐dioxo‐1,10‐decanediyl}] (PA610) yielded entities with macroporous properties that were deemed useful for liquid chromatography. The morphological features and porous properties of the monoliths produced by this dissolution–precipitation procedure were studied by scanning electron microscopy, adsorption/desorption of N2(g) according to the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) principle, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Degradation of the polymer backbone was noticeable when the dissolution time was extended and shortening of the polymer chains was confirmed by MALDI‐MS, viscosity measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and potentiometric titration. When the heating was limited to the time it took to dissolve the polymers, mechanically stable monoliths could be obtained. The dissolution/heat treatment time further seemed to be useful for controlling the macroporous morphology.
Sediment and phosphorus loss in runoff from an agroforestry catchment, NW Spain
Authors: Rodríguez‐Blanco M. L. , Taboada‐Castro M. M. , Taboada‐Castro M. T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the factors controlling sediment and phosphorus export in a small agroforestry catchment located in NW Spain. At the catchment outlet discharge was continuously measured and suspended sediment (SS) and total (PT), particulate phosphorus (PP) and dissolved phosphorus (DP) were determined during seven rainfall events occurred in autumn. Sediment and sediment‐associated P export differed significantly between events. Particulate P was a greater portion of P transported in runoff. A large proportion of SS and PP exported from the catchment occurred from a relatively small portion of the catchment and during only two events. Rills and gullies delivered most of the eroded sediment directly to the stream, which contribute to high sediment and phosphorus exportation at the catchment outlet. Strong correlations between P and SS concentrations suggest that erosion processes are important in P fluxes. The highly significant correlation between SS and P concentrations in the stream enables to estimate transported P using SS in the Corbeira catchment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of soil erosion hazard and prioritization for treatment at the watershed level: Case study in the Chemoga watershed, Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Bewket W. , Teferi E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSoil erosion by water is the most pressing environmental problem in Ethiopia, particularly in the Highlands where the topography is highly rugged, population pressure is high, steeplands are cultivated and rainfall is erosive. Soil conservation is critically required in these areas. The objective of this study was to assess soil erosion hazard in a typical highland watershed (the Chemoga watershed) and demonstrate that a simple erosion assessment model, the universal soil loss equation (USLE), integrated with satellite remote sensing and geographical information systems can provide useful tools for conservation decision‐making. Monthly precipitation, soil map, a 30‐m digital elevation model derived from topographic map, land‐cover map produced from supervised classification of a Land Sat image, and land use types and slope steepness were used to determine the USLE factor values. The results show that a larger part of the watershed (>58 per cent of total) suffers from a severe or very severe erosion risk (>80 t ha−1 y−1), mainly in the midstream and upstream parts where steeplands are cultivated or overgrazed. In about 25 per cent of the watershed, soil erosion was estimated to exceed 125 t ha−1 y−1. Based on the predicted soil erosion rates, the watershed was divided into six priority categories for conservation intervention and 18 micro‐watersheds were identified that may be used as planning units. Finally, the method used has yielded a fairly reliable estimation of soil loss rates and delineation of erosion‐prone areas. Hence, a similar method can be used in other watersheds to prepare conservation master plans and enable efficient use of limited resources. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pyrene Containing Polymers for the Non‐Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Meuer Stefan , Braun Lydia , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPyrene containing diblock copolymers based on poly(methyl methacrylate) were synthesized and investigated regarding their adsorption on carbon nanotubes (CNT). The pyrene units were introduced using a reactive ester monomer for the build up of the second block which later on was reacted polymer‐analogously with amine functionalized pyrene derivatives. As we started from the same reactive ester intermediate, full block length identity is given. We varied the length of the anchor block to find an optimal block length and used pyren‐1‐yl‐methylamine as well as 4‐pyren‐1‐yl‐butylamine as anchor units. For both anchor units a maximal adsorption was found for 13 and 20 anchor units, respectively. The absolute adsorption was best for the 4‐pyren‐1‐yl‐butylamine anchor units as the longer spacer enhances the mobility of the anchor unit. The dispersion diagram of CNTs and diblock copolymer in terms of dispersion stability was investigated and a stable dispersion of 2.5 mg · ml−1 CNTs in THF was found.magnified image
Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers Containing Dithienosilole Units
Authors: Ohshita Joji 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDithienosilole (DTS) with a silole ring fused to a bithiophene unit are of interest. The condensed tricyclic system shows extended conjugation compared with that of silicon‐free bithiophene. This is because the planar structure of the bithiophene unit is retained by the silicon bridge and also because the interaction between the silicon σ* and bithiophene π* orbitals lowers the LUMO energy level. This review describes the synthesis and properties of conjugated oligomers and polymers containing DTS units in their backbones. The applications of DTS‐containing oligomers and polymers to organic light‐emitting diodes, organic photovoltaic cells, and organic thin‐film transistors are also introduced.magnified image
Resurfacing tophaceous gout in the foot with anterolateral thigh flap
Authors: Ou Kuang‐Ling , Tzeng Yuan‐Sheng , Yu Chien‐Chih , Chen Tim‐Mo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe report the case of a 46‐year‐old patient who suffered from huge tophus masses involving the metatarsal joints of the big toes of both feet, with infection and skin necrosis secondary to chronic tophaceous gout. After conventional curettage and debridement of each lesion, a free anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) was used to resurface the circumferential wound, protect the underlying structures, and provide a gliding surface for the exposed tendons. The flap was safely raised and debulked during revision surgery, and excellent functional and cosmetic results were apparent at the 2‐year follow‐up. We consider ALTF to be a valuable option for the coverage of necrotic skin over tophi after adequate debridement. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2010.