bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐destructive subsurface damage monitoring in bearings failure mode using fractal dimension analysis
Authors: Holweger Walter , Walther Frank , Loos Jörg , Wolf Marcus , Schreiber Jürgen , Dreher Werner , Kern Norbert , Lutz Steffen 
Published: April 2012

PurposeBearings in field applications with high dynamic loading, e.g. wind energy plants, suffer from sudden failure initiated by subsurface material transformation, known as white etching cracks in a typical scale of μm, preferably around the maximum Hertzian stress zone. Despite many investigations in this field no precise knowledge about the root cause of those failures is available, due to the fact that failure under real service conditions of wind energy plants differs from what is known from test rig results in terms of contact loading, lubrication or dynamics. The purpose of this paper is to apply Barkhausen noise measurement to a full bearing test ring running under conditions of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) with high radial preload.Design/methodology/approachFull bearing tests are carried out by use of DGBB (Deep Grove Ball Bearings) with 6206 specification, material set constant as 100Cr6, martensitic hardening, 10‐12 percent maximum retained austenite and radial preload of 3500 MPa. Speed is set 9000 rpm, temperature is self setting at 80°C by test conditions. For tests, synthetic hydrocarbon base oil (Poly‐α‐Olefine) with a 1 percent amount of molydenum‐dithiophosphate (organic chain given as 2‐ethylhexyl) was used.FindingsNon‐destructive fractal dimension analyses by use of Barkhausen noise measurements is of versatile value in terms of recording bearing manufacturing processes, but can also be part of non‐destructive condition monitoring of bearings in field applications, where predictive reactive maintenance is crucial for availability of the plant.Research limitations/implicationsBarkhausen noise signal recording may also be valuable for case studies related to microstructure changes of steel under operation conditions. Bearings are exposed in plenty of conditions to phenomena such as straying currents, subsequently straying magnetic fields. Hardly anything is known about how microstructure of bearing steel is susceptible to such conditions. This will be part of further studies.Originality/valueResults given in the paper show that sudden bearing failure, according to formation of subsurface material property changes might be driven by activities of dislocations. Since those activities start with sequences of stress field‐induced formation of domains, later by formation of low‐angle subgrains, and at least phase transformation, recording of the Barkhausen signal would lead to real predictive condition monitoring in applications where a highly dynamic loading of the contact, even with low nominal contact pressure leads to sudden failure induced by white etching.
Investigation of friction and wear behavior of hybrid aluminium composites
Authors: Velmurugan C. , Subramanian R. , Thirugnanam S. , Anandavel B. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this technical paper is to investigate the friction and wear behaviour of heat treated Al 6061 alloy and Al 6061 SiC‐graphite particulate reinforced hybrid composites subjected to different ageing durations.Design/methodology/approachThe composites have been prepared by stir casting process with varying percentages of SiC and graphite particles. The cast 6061 alloy and its composites were subjected to solutionising treatment at a temperature of 803 K for 1 hr followed by quenching in water. The quenched samples were then subjected to artificial ageing for different durations of 4, 6, 8 hr at a temperature of 448 K. Tests were performed on heat treated Al 6061 alloy and its composites using pin‐on‐disc apparatus. Hardness measurements were also made on the specimens. The wear surfaces of the composites were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.FindingsDuring wear test of specimens the wear resistance of the hybrid composites was found to increase with increase in ageing durations. The microscopic examination of the wear surfaces shows that the base alloy and composites wear primarily because of abrasion and delamination. The hardness result shows that the hardness of the composites increased with decreasing weight percentage of graphite particles.Originality/valueThe content of this paper is fully research oriented and the finding from this investigation will be useful for society and also the automobile industries, especially in the making of brake drums.
Tribological properties of nylon 1010 composites filled with zinc oxide whisker in rolling friction with traction
Authors: Shi‐bo Wang 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve the tribological properties of Polyamide 1010 (PA 1010) in rolling friction with traction.Design/methodology/approachPA1010 composites filled with zinc oxide whiskers (ZnOw) were prepared by hot compression molding. The compressive properties of the composites were measured with an electronic material tester and the tribological behavior in rolling friction with traction of nylon composites was studied with a two‐roller contact rolling tester.FindingsThe results indicate that the compression modulus of composites increases with the rising content of ZnOw. Both the ultimate compression strength and the compression yield strength of composites increase to the maximum value when the content of ZnOw is 15 wt%. Both the traction coefficient and the slip ratio of each composite were influenced by the traction load and the normal load. In addition, the ZnOw proportion affected the slip ratio of the composites. The experimental results demonstrate that composites including 10 wt% and 15 wt% ZnOw exhibit lighter wear and lower slip ratio. The wear rate of the nylon composites is increased as the normal load increases due to the rising acting pressure against the nylon composites. The rising traction load also causes inflation in the wear rate of the composites.Research limitations/implicationsThe tests in the paper were carried out according to the conditions of tramcars in mining.Practical implicationsPA 1010 composites filled with ZnOw presented the preferable mechanical and tribological properties of PA1010, which can be used in the driving wheel of tramcars in mining and other components requiring high traction coefficient.Originality/valueThe paper studied the tribological properties of PA 1010 composites including ZnOw with special dimensional structure.
Performance of a noncircular 2‐lobe multirecess hydrostatic journal bearing with wear
Authors: Sharma Satish C. , Phalle Vikas M. , Jain S.C. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeNoncircular journal bearings are used in industry because of their simplicity, efficiency and low cost. During the life time of a machine, these are required to be operated over a number of years and are submitted to several stops and starts. As a result, the bush becomes progressively worn out and the bearing performance changes. The purpose of this paper is to study theoretically the influence of wear on the performance of a non‐circular 2‐lobe four‐pocket multirecess hybrid journal bearing system.Design/methodology/approachThe Reynolds equation governing the flow of lubricant in the clearance space of a non‐circular 2‐lobe multirecess worn hybrid journal bearing system has been solved using FEM along with appropriate boundary conditions. The defects caused by wear are centered on the load line and range from 10 per cent to 50 per cent of the bearing radial clearance.FindingsThe numerically simulated results based on a Newtonian lubricant and the steady state flow field system have been presented in terms of maximum fluid film pressure, minimum fluid film thickness, lubricant flow rate, direct fluid film stiffness and damping coefficients and stability threshold speed margin. The paper demonstrates that, for the bearing configurations studied, the bearing behavior is clearly affected by wear. The numerically simulated results indicate that for an offset factor of δ=1.2, the value of h¯min reduces by 21.21 per cent at δ¯w=0.5.Originality/valueThe presented results have valuable data in case of 2‐lobe four pocket hybrid journal bearing compensated with constant flow valve restrictor. The paper outcomes are sure to be of interest for researchers and useful for bearing designers.
Female directors and earnings management in high‐technology firms
Authors: Gavious Ilanit , Segev Einav , Yosef Rami 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis study, based on a merger of gender and accounting theories, aims to explore whether and how earnings management is affected by the presence of female directors on the board of directors and on the audit committee.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs both a univariate and multivariate analysis approach to explore the relation between female directors and earnings management in high‐technology firms. In the analysis, two contemporary ex‐post measures of earnings management, discretionary accruals and nonoperating accruals, as well as two ex‐ante measures of earnings management, Big4 auditor and financial leverage are applied.FindingsThe paper finds evidence for a negative relation between the presence of female directors and earnings management. The findings indicate that accounting aggressiveness is affected by the proportion of women on the board of directors as well as on the audit committee. Furthermore, the paper find evidences indicating that earnings management is lower when either the CEO or the CFO is a woman. Notably, in firms with a higher female representation in corporate governance and/or in top management, external monitoring by auditors and creditors seems to be weaker, yet earnings quality is higher. Additional analysis suggests that the gender of directors has value implications for analysts and investors; specifically, there is a positive relation between the proportion of female directors and the firm's value. The findings are supported by several gender theories and findings regarding women's motivation and achievement, moral values, social stereotypes and the relation between task performance and self‐confidence.Originality/valueThis study associates the gender of directors with earnings management by firms. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on earnings management. It should be useful to researchers, regulators, investors, analysts and creditors as well as other players in the capital markets, as it presents a new and important aspect that needs to be accounted for when assessing the quality of firms' accounting information.
Success in winning Australian Research Council grants as a measure of comparative professionalised disciplinary research activity
Authors: Clarke Kevin , Flanagan Jack , O'Neill Sharron 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the performance of accounting researchers in winning competitive Australian Research Council (ARC) grants, when compared with researchers from the medical, engineering and law professions, during a period of heightened questioning of accounting methods, bounded by the end of the dot.com boom in 2001 and the global financial crisis in 2008. Protection and expansion of a profession's core knowledge through effective research is regarded as a hallmark of ongoing professional recognition and success in winning ARC grants is one indicator of the strength of this research. Reasons for the absolute and relative performance of accounting researchers in winning ARC grants are explored.Design/methodology/approachARC statistics for the 2000‐2008 period were analysed, along with additional data from the relevant professional associations and the Commonwealth Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations.FindingsThe results indicate that Australian accounting researchers are performing poorly in absolute and relative terms when compared with their professional peers. Some evidence exists that accounting research cultures seem to flourish in only a handful of universities, and that accounting academics are overloaded with teaching to the detriment of research.Originality/valueThe study adds to the growing interest in the value added by accounting research to the accounting profession, the corporate sector and society at large. While the publishing record of Australian accounting researchers appears healthy, when compared with their accounting peers overseas, they perform poorly in winning competitive grants relative to researchers from other professions. This may be a timely wakeup call to the accounting profession that the social acceptance of accounting knowledge should not be taken for granted.
Ethics and experiments in accounting
Authors: Holmes Kevin , Marriott Lisa , Randal John 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis research aims to measure compliance in a tax experiment among students. The aim of the study is to investigate relationships between claimed behaviour in a questionnaire and actual behaviour in an experimental environment, together with different behaviours between males and females, and different age cohorts.Design/methodology/approachA total of 630 undergraduate Commerce students at a New Zealand university completed a questionnaire on attitudes towards the tax system. The students subsequently participated in a simulation experiment requiring responses to hypothetical tax evasion decisions. Individual reward payments were contingent on the outcome of these tax evasion decisions. Questionnaire responses, which captured intended behaviour, were compared with actual behaviour in the experiment.FindingsThe study finds more compliant behaviour among older students and students who have been at university longer. It also finds female students demonstrate more ethical responses in their behaviour than male students. In contrast to extant literature, it finds a positive relationship between students indicating a preference for compliant behaviour in the questionnaire, and behaviour in the experiment. This leads support for the use of Defining Issues Tests (or similar instruments that capture moral development intentions) in ethics education research, and challenges recent studies that find a gap between intended and actual behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsAs with all experimental research, the design is necessarily an artificial representation of the real world. Thus, the ability to generalise from this research is restricted.Originality/valueMuch of the research into the influence of ethics education on accounting students focuses on student claims of how they would respond in a hypothetical situation as measured by a Defining Issues Test or similar instrument, in order to provide a measure of ethical development. In contrast, this study adopts a behavioural approach. The findings indicate that Defining Issues Tests are likely to be an appropriate tool for ethics education research.
Barriers to social support among low‐income mothers
Authors: Offer Shira 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe literature on personal networks suggests that individuals who have a limited ability to contribute to their network run the risk of being socially excluded and are often denied assistance. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which poor health and adverse life‐events constitute barriers to support from personal networks among low‐income mothers in the USA.Design/methodology/approachUsing survey data from theWelfare, Children, and Families: A Three City Study(n=1,910), this study estimates a series of ordinary least squares regression and change models to test direct and mediated associations between poor health, adverse life‐events, and perceived support.FindingsBoth the cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses show that mothers who suffer from psychological distress report lower support than their healthier counterparts, so do mothers with poor physical health. Domestic violence is also found to be negatively associated with support, but its effect is mainly driven by poor health. No effect is revealed for either substance abuse or engagement in illegal activities.Research limitations/implicationsThe restricted character of the sample may leave differentials by socioeconomic status unrevealed.Social implicationsThe most vulnerable and disadvantaged mothers, those in greatest need for support, are the least likely to have it available from their networks. Hence this study highlights the need of providing support through formal channels in the community.Originality/valueBy treating support as a dependent variable, this study sheds light on the factors related to low‐income mothers' social well‐being and helps reveal the conditions that can impede their participation in support networks.
Loyalty as rent: corruption and politicization of Russian universities
Authors: Osipian Ararat L. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the changes that have taken place in the Russian higher education sector over the last two decades. Specifically, it analyses such phenomena as corruption and politicization of Russian universities through the concept of “loyalty as rent”.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a synthesis of conceptual work and case study, developing and applying the concept of “loyalty as rent” to the case of Russian higher education. Rapidly developing segments of the Russian economy are known for sprawling informal economic relations. In such segments, illicit revenues may exceed legal income and political influence is considered an economic resource.FindingsInformal approval of corrupt activities in colleges and universities in exchange for loyalty and compliance with the current political regime is commonplace in modern Russia. Political indoctrination of universities is advanced by the ruling political regime in Russia through informal means, while academic meritocracy is no longer honored. The ruling regime uses corruption in the universities to derive its rent not in money but in loyalty to the regime.Originality/valueThis paper argues that the widespread corruption in Russian universities may be used by the state in order to gain much needed political support of faculty and students.
Religion, the state and disaster relief in the United States and India
Authors: Paulson Nels , Menjívar Cecilia 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the place of religion in civil society and how that relates to the problem of social order.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory comparative case study was conducted of flood relief in Mumbai with the relief following theKatrinadisaster in the summer of 2005, using a qualitative content analysis of regional media documents.FindingsA more fluid and less clearly defined division between religion and government in the USA was found that created opportunities by which a much larger response by religious institutions occurred. Religiously‐based disaster relief in the US case is conducted more through groups and networks, while in the Indian case, religious‐based relief takes place more through values and norms. These conditions led to more immediate social order following the floods in Mumbai but less intensive cooperation and coordination that was not tied to religious institutions. AfterKatrinain the US case, coordination and cooperation were less immediate but of higher intensity and explicitly tied to religious institutions.Research limitations/implicationsThis research offers new categories for understanding the role of religion in civil society by focusing on disaster relief in a comparative manner, proposing a framework based on qualitative and exploratory research for pursuing more deductive and explanatory quantitative analyses in the future.Originality/valueFinally, instead of assuming religion as either a source of conflict or a source of social order, dependent on the nature of a given religious group, this paper shows the additional complexity and variation in social order that is dependent on the relationship between religion and state and the social context in a given time and place.
Empirical analysis of the relationship between Six Sigma management activities and corporate competitiveness
Authors: Choi Bong , Kim Jongweon , Leem Byung‐hak , Lee Chang‐Yeol , Hong Han‐kuk 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis study proposes a research model to test whether Six Sigma‐based management activities improve corporate competitiveness in Samsung Group.Design/methodology/approachThe paper's model was validated and its hypotheses tested using structural equation model analysis.FindingsEmpirical results showed that Six Sigma activities do indeed contribute to revitalized process management, improved quality, and, finally, lead to corporate competitiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThe survey data were collected at the individual level, such as GB, BB, MBB, and limited to the affiliated companies of Samsung Group. To obtain more meaningful results, data would be collected at the corporate level and the pool of subjects expanded. However, this paper shows that the four fundamental factors (CEO's will, Communication, Training, and Policy) as well as three substantial factors (Information Utilization, Standardization, and Promotion) are meaningful activities influencing the success of Six Sigma management significantly.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this paper lies in the establishment of a causal relationship among Six Sigma activities, process innovation, quality improvement, and company competitiveness, as well as in the proposed managerial implications for Six Sigma projects.
Supply chain integration and performance: the moderating effect of supply complexity
Authors: Gimenez Cristina , van der Vaart Taco , Pieter van Donk Dirk 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of supply chain integration in different contexts. More specifically, it aims to show that supply chain integration is only effective in buyer‐supplier relationships characterised by high supply complexity.Design/methodology/approachA survey‐based research design is developed to measure different dimensions or aspects of supply chain integration and supply complexity. Data were collected among manufacturers in The Netherlands and Spain.FindingsThis research shows that supply chain integration increases performance if supply complexity is high, while a very limited or no influence of supply chain integration can be detected in case of low supply complexity. The results also show that in high supply complexity environments the use of structured communication means to achieve supply chain integration has a negative effect on cost performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe limited sample size prohibits estimating and testing of more comprehensive models of the relationship between supply chain integration and performance. Specifically, the authors were not able to further investigate how different supply chain integration dimensions are inter‐related and mutually reinforce one another to improve performance.Practical implicationsThe main managerial lesson is that, in contrast to what has been written in many books and other popular publications, high levels of supply chain integration are only necessary in environments characterised by high supply complexity.Originality/valueThis study helps to better understand context in supply chain management research. Specifically, it investigates the moderating effect of supply complexity on the integration‐performance relationship, a topic suggested by Bozarth et al. as a line for further research.