bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV-1 Infection of Human Intestinal Lamina Propria CD4+ T Cells In Vitro Is Enhanced by Exposure to Commensal Escherichia coli
Authors: Dillon Stephanie M. , Manuzak Jennifer A. , Leone Amanda K. , Lee Eric J. , Rogers Lisa M. , McCarter Martin D. , Wilson Cara C. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Microbial translocation has been linked to systemic immune activation in HIV-1 disease, yet mechanisms by which microbes may contribute to HIV-associated intestinal pathogenesis are poorly understood. Importantly, our understanding of the impact of translocating commensal intestinal bacteria on mucosal-associated T cell responses in the context of ongoing viral replication that occurs early in HIV-1 infection is limited. We previously identified commensal Escherichia coli-reactive Th1 and Th17 cells in normal human intestinal lamina propria (LP). In this article, we established an ex vivo assay to investigate the interactions between Th cell subsets in primary human LP mononuclear cells (LPMCs), commensal E. coli, and CCR5-tropic HIV-1Bal. Addition of heat-killed E. coli to HIV-1–exposed LPMCs resulted in increases in HIV-1 replication, CD4 T cell activation and infection, and IL-17 and IFN-γ production. Conversely, purified LPS derived from commensal E. coli did not enhance CD4 T cell infection. E. coli exposure induced greater proliferation of LPMC Th17 than Th1 cells. Th17 cells were more permissive to infection than Th1 cells in HIV-1–exposed LPMC cultures, and Th17 cell infection frequencies significantly increased in the presence of E. coli. The E. coli-associated enhancement of infection was dependent on the presence of CD11c+ LP dendritic cells and, in part, on MHC class II-restricted Ag presentation. These results highlight a potential role for translocating microbes in impacting mucosal HIV-1 pathogenesis during early infection by increasing HIV-1 replication and infection of intestinal Th1 and Th17 cells.
15th Biennial Conference of International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (ISAAC)
Authors: Hill Katya R. 
Published: June 2012

The 15th Biennial Conference of ISAAC will be held July 28 to August 4, 2012, in Pittsburgh, PA, USA. A Research Symposium will be held August 3-4, over a two-day period following the Main Conference. Participants will explore theoretical, methodological and empirical issues of interest within the scientific community. The symposium will include a working seminar on Tele-AAC: AAC Meets Telerehabilitation -- Envisioning Transformative Tele-AAC Research. This seminar is geared toward researchers, clinicians, educators and students who are interested in acquiring current information about telerehabilitation (telepractice) so that they might engage in and/or become knowledgeable consumers of Tele-AAC Research and identify current and future research needs and opportunities.
Model Collaboration: University Library System and Rehabilitation Research Team to Advance Telepractice Knowledge
Authors: Deliyannides Timothy S. , Gabler Vanessa E. 
Published: June 2012

This Publisher’s Report describes the collaboration between a university library system’s scholarly communication and publishing office and a federally funded research team, the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC) on Telerehabilitation. This novel interdisciplinary collaboration engages librarians, information technologists, publishing professionals, clinicians, policy experts, and engineers and has produced a new Open Access journal, International Journal of Telerehabilitation, and a developing, interactive web-based product dedicated to disseminating information about telerehabilitation. Readership statistics are presented for March 1, 2011 - February 29, 2012.
Evaluation of a Telerehabilitation System for Community-Based Rehabilitation
Authors: Schutte Jamie L , Gales Sara , Filipponi Ashlee , Saptono Andi , Bambang Parmanto , McCue Michael 
Published: June 2012

The use of web-based portals, while increasing in popularity in the fields of medicine and research, are rarely reported on in community-based rehabilitation programs. A program within the Pennsylvania Office of Vocational Rehabilitation’s Hiram G. Andrews Center, the Cognitive Skills Enhancement Program (CSEP), sought to enhance organization of program and participant information and communication between part- and full-time employees, supervisors and consultants. A telerehab system was developed consisting of (1) a web-based portal to support a variety of clinical activities and (2) the Versatile Integrated System for Telerehabilitation (VISyTER) video-conferencing system to support the collaboration and delivery of rehabilitation services remotely. This descriptive evaluation examines the usability of the telerehab system incorporating both the portal and VISyTER. Telerehab system users include CSEP staff members from three geographical locations and employed by two institutions. The IBM After-Scenario Questionnaire (ASQ) and Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ), the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ), and two demographic surveys were administered to gather both objective and subjective information. Results showed generally high levels of usability. Users commented that the telerehabilitation system improved communication, increased access to information, improved speed of completing tasks, and had an appealing interface. Areas where users would like to see improvements, including ease of accessing/editing documents and searching for information, are discussed.
VoIP for Telerehabilitation: A Pilot Usability Study for HIPAA Compliance
Authors: Watzlaf Valerie R. , Ondich Briana 
Published: June 2012

Consumer-based, free Voice and video over the Internet Protocol (VoIP) software systems such as Skype and others are used by health care providers to deliver telerehabilitation and other health-related services to clients. Privacy and security applications as well as HIPAA compliance within these protocols have been questioned by practitioners, health information managers, and other healthcare entities. This pilot usability study examined whether four respondents who used the top three, free consumer-based, VoIP software systems perceived these VoIP technologies to be private, secure, and HIPAA compliant; most did not. While the pilot study limitations include the number of respondents and systems assessed, the protocol can be applied to future research and replicated for instructional purposes. Recommendations are provided for VoIP companies, providers, and users.
Changes in Inflammatory Markers during a Hemodialysis Session and Their Relation to Vascular Access Type
Authors: Rozen-Zvi Benaya , Erman Arie , Korzets Asher , Levy-Drummer Rachel S. , Chagnac Avry , Khaskiya Muhammad , Zingerman Boris , Ori Yaacov 
Published: June 2012

Purpose In an attempt to better understand the relationship between vascular access and inflammation we assessed the effect of vascular access on inflammatory markers changes during hemodialysis (HD) session. Methods Fifty HD patients were included: 23 patients with central venous catheters (CVC) and 27 patients with arteriovenous fistulas (AVF). Blood samples for high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF α) were collected before and after HD session. The outcome was the change in the inflammatory markers during the dialysis. Results Predialysis hsCRP levels were high in 70% of patients, without differences between the groups. Predialysis values were also similar in the two groups for IL-6 and TNF α. There was no increase in hsCRP values following HD and no difference between the change from baseline values in the CVC and AVF groups (-0.01±0.09 mg/dL and -0.01±0.13 mg/dL, respectively [P=.95]). IL-6 values increased during the HD session in the AVF group and non-significantly decreased in the CVC group. The change from baseline values was statistically significantly greater in the AVF group compared to the CVC group (0.76±1.44 ng/mL and -0.52±1.66 ng/mL, respectively, P=.006). TNF α values were significantly decreased in the CVC group and were not changed in the AVF group. The decrease from baseline values was not different between the groups Conclusions Chronic inflammation is present in most HD patients. No increase in pro-inflammatory parameters was seen after a HD session in patients treated via CVC or AVF.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy and cervical dysplasia in HIV‐positive women in South Africa
Authors: Firnhaber Cynthia , Westreich Daniel , Schulze Doreen , Williams Sophie , Siminya Maureen , Michelow Pam , Levin Simon , Faesen Mark , Smith Jennifer S 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundThe risk of squamous intra‐epithelial lesions (SIL) is higher in HIV‐positive women. As these women begin to live longer due to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), their risk of cervical cancer may increase. Few data exist regarding the effect of HAART on the incidence and progression of SIL in HIV‐positive African women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HAART on the incidence and progression of SIL in HIV‐positive women in South Africa.MethodsA prospective observational study of HIV‐seropositive women was conducted over 5 years in an HIV treatment clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. The participants consisted of 601 women on and off HAART who had repeat Pap smears greater than 6 months apart. The effect of HAART use on incidence and progression rates of SIL was determined using multivariate Poisson regression to obtain incidence rate ratios (IRRs), adjusted for age, CD4 count and other potential confounders.ResultsMedian follow‐up time was 445 days (inter‐quartile range 383, 671). The crude rate of incidence of any SIL was 15.9 episodes (95% confidence limit (CL) 12.7, 19.9) per 100 person‐years; the crude rate of all progression of cervical dysplasia among women was 13.5 episodes (95% CL 11.3, 16.1) per 100 person‐years. HAART use was associated with a robust reduction in the rate of incidence and progression of cervical lesions, adjusted IRR=0.55 (95% CL 0.37, 0.80). Sensitivity analyses confirmed this main association held for incidence and progression when they were considered separately, and that the result was not dependent on the length of HAART exposure.ConclusionHAART use was associated with a reduction in the rate of both incidence and progression of cervical lesions among HIV‐positive women.
Reversible Coloration Enhanced by Electrochemical Deposition of an Ultrathin Zinc Layer onto an Anodic Nanoporous Alumina Layer
Authors: Hirata Shuzo , Tsuji Toshiro , Kato Yoshimine , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA productive method is introduced to realize large area color electronic paper (e‐paper) with high UV resistance, heat resistance, and good significant bending properties using a color change triggered by reversible electronic change in the device structure. Reversible coloration and decoloration triggered by electrochemical deposition and desorption, respectively, of an ultra‐thin zinc (Zn) layer on a thin transparent conductive layer coated on anodic nanoporous alumina has been developed. The deposition of the ultra‐thin Zn layer triggers the formation of destructive interference, which leads to coloration. Yellow, magenta, and cyan colors were obtained in the colored state by increasing the NP‐Al2O3 layer thickness, based on Bragg diffraction theory. Reflectance of more than 70% and contrast values of more than 7 were obtained, which are nearly equivalent to those of previous e‐papers. The color images in these devices also showed high UV resistance, heat resistance, and repeated significant bending endurance. The devices can be fabricated with large areas using low‐cost manufacturing processes such as anodic oxidation, and use abundantly available materials. Our proposed device provides low‐cost and flexible large area color e‐paper for outdoor use.
Association of blood cadmium with hypertension in the Korean general population: Analysis of the 2008–2010 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey data
Authors: Lee Byung‐Kook , Kim Yangho 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntroductionWe present data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2010 regarding the association between blood cadmium levels and blood pressure in a representative sample of the adult South Korean population.MethodsWe restricted the analysis to participants ≥20 years of age who completed the health examination survey, including blood cadmium measurements (n = 5,919). We performed multivariate linear regression analyses to estimate adjusted mean differences in diastolic and systolic blood pressure associated with doubling of, or quartiles of, cadmium levels after covariate adjustment. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension and prehypertension for log‐transformed blood cadmium levels and quartiles thereof after covariate adjustment.ResultsWe observed a twofold increase in blood cadmium associated with 0.755 and 1.007 mmHg increases in diastolic pressure in women and men, respectively. We observed 2.243 and 1.975 mmHg increases in diastolic pressure in women and men, respectively, in the highest compared with the lowest quartile of blood cadmium. Systolic pressure showed results similar to those of diastolic pressure. Based on ORs, a doubling of blood cadmium resulted in 18.6% and 31.5% increases in the risk of hypertension in women and men, respectively. Doubling of blood cadmium resulted in a 23.5% and 22.9% increase in the risk of prehypertension in women and men, respectively.ConclusionWe found a significant association between blood cadmium levels and elevated blood pressure regardless of the type of variable (continuous or categorical) in women and men with a lower blood cadmium level compared to previous Korean studies. This study also showed that blood cadmium levels were robust risk factors for prehypertension in both women and men. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:1060–1067, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decadal variability of the observed daily temperature in Saudi Arabia during 1979–2008
Authors: Athar H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractVariability in the observed daily temperature for the 30‐year period (1979–2008) is studied from a total of 19 stations in Saudi Arabia (SA) by calculating the empirical anomaly probability distribution functions (PDFs) on annual basis. The 30‐year period is divided into three decades. As compared with the first decade, the PDFs for the remaining decades display a relative frequency rise in warmer temperatures. The mean values of the PDFs depict an average decadal positive shift of 0.83, 0.66, and 0.49 °C, for the maximum, the mean, and the minimum temperature, respectively, relative to the 30‐year base value. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Procedural locomotion of multilegged characters in dynamic environments
Authors: Karim Ahmad Abdul , Gaudin Thibaut , Meyer Alexandre , Buendia Axel , Bouakaz Saida 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTWe present a fully procedural method capable of generating in real time a wide range of locomotion for multilegged characters in a dynamic environment, without using any motion data. The system consists of several independent blocks: a Character Controller, a Gait/Tempo Manager, a three‐dimensional (3D) Path Constructor, and a Footprints Planner. The four modules work cooperatively to calculate in real time the footprints and the 3D trajectories of the feet and the pelvis. Our system can animate dozens of creatures using dedicated level of details techniques and is totally controllable allowing the user to design a multitude of locomotion styles through a user‐friendly interface. The result is a complete lower body animation that is sufficient for most of the chosen multilegged characters: arachnids, insects, imaginary n‐legged robots, and so on. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Triptycene‐Based Approach to Solubilising Carbon Nanotubes and C60
Authors: Hammershøj Peter , Bomans Paul H. H. , Lakshminarayanan Rajamani , Fock Jeppe , Jensen Stig Helmer , Jespersen Thomas Sand , Brock‐Nannestad Theis , Hassenkam Tue , Nygård Jesper , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M. , Kilså Kristine , Bjørnholm Thomas , Christensen Jørn Bolstad 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe describe herein the synthesis of a triptycene‐based surfactant designed with the ability to solubilise single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and C60 in water through non‐covalent interactions. Furthermore, an amphiphilic naphthalene‐based surfactant with the same ability to solubilise SWNTs and C60 has also been prepared. The compounds synthesised were designed with either two ionic or non‐ionic tails to ensure a large number of supramolecular interactions with the solvent, thereby promoting strong solubilisation. The surfactants produced stable suspensions in which the SWNTs are dispersed and the surfactant/SWNT complexes formed are stable for more than one year. UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectroscopy, TEM and AFM were employed to probe the solubilisation properties of the dispersion of surfactants and SWNTs in water.
Synthesis and Structure of Amido‐ and Imido(pentafluorophenyl)borane Zirconocene and Hafnocene Complexes: NH and BH Activation
Authors: Jacobs Elizabeth A. , Fuller Anna , Coles Simon J. , Jones Garth A. , Tizzard Graham J. , Wright Joseph A. , Lancaster Simon J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTreatment of Me2S⋅B(C6F5)nH3−n (n=1 or 2) with ammonia yields the corresponding adducts. H3N⋅B(C6F5)H2 dimerises in the solid state through NH⋅⋅⋅HB dihydrogen interactions. The adducts can be deprotonated to give lithium amidoboranes Li[NH2B(C6F5)nH3−n]. Reaction of the n=2 reagent with [Cp2ZrCl2] leads to disubstitution, but [Cp2Zr{NH2B(C6F5)2H}2] is in equilibrium with the product of β‐hydride elimination [Cp2Zr(H){NH2B(C6F5)2H}], which proves to be the major isolated solid. The analogous reaction with [Cp2HfCl2] gives a mixture of [Cp2Hf{NH2B(C6F5)2H}2] and the NH activation product [Cp2Hf{NHB(C6F5)2H}]. [Cp2Zr{NH2B(C6F5)2H}2]⋅PhMe and [Cp2Hf{NH2B(C6F5)2H}2]⋅4(thf) exhibit β‐B‐agostic chelate bonding of one of the two amidoborane ligands in the solid state. The agostic hydride is invariably coordinated to the outside of the metallocene wedge. Exceptionally, [Cp2Hf{NH2B(C6F5)2H}2]⋅PhMe has a structure in which the two amidoborane ligands adopt an intermediate coordination mode, in which neither is definitively agostic. [Cp2Hf{NHB(C6F5)2H}] has a formally dianionic imidoborane ligand chelating through an agostic interaction, but the bond‐length distribution suggests a contribution from a zwitterionic amidoborane resonance structure. Treatment of the zwitterions [Cp2MMe(μ‐Me)B(C6F5)3] (M=Zr, Hf) with Li[NH2B(C6F5)nH3−n] (n=2) results in [Cp2MMe{NH2B(C6F5)2H}] complexes, for which the spectroscopic data, particularly 1J(B,H), again suggest β‐B‐agostic interactions. The reactions proceed similarly for the structurally encumbered [Cp′′2ZrMe(μ‐Me)B(C6F5)3] precursor (Cp′′=1,3‐C5H3(SiMe3)2, n=1 or 2) to give [Cp′′2ZrMe{NH2B(C6F5)nH3−n}], both of which have been structurally characterised and show chelating, agostic amidoborane coordination. In contrast, the analogous hafnium chemistry leads to the recovery of [Cp′′2HfMe2] and the formation of Li[HB(C6F5)3] through hydride abstraction.
Neurofilaments are flexible polymers that often fold and unfold, but they move in a fully extended configuration
Authors: Taylor Nicholas J. , Wang Lina , Brown Anthony 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTime‐lapse imaging of neurofilaments in axons of cultured nerve cells has demonstrated that these cytoskeletal polymers move along microtubule tracks in both anterograde and retrograde directions, powered by microtubule motors. The filaments exhibit short bouts of rapid intermittent movement interrupted by prolonged pauses, and the average velocity is slow because they spend most of their time pausing. Here, we show that axonal neurofilaments are also very flexible and frequently exhibit complex and dynamic folding and unfolding behaviors while they are pausing. Remarkably, however, when the filaments move in a sustained manner, we find that they always adopt an unfolded, that is, fully extended configuration, and this applies to movement in both anterograde and retrograde directions. Given the flexibility of neurofilament polymers and the apparent ease with which they can fold back on themselves, the fact that they move in a fully extended configuration suggests that moving neurofilaments may be pulled from their leading end. Thus, we speculate that motors may bind to the leading ends of neurofilaments polymers during both anterograde and retrograde motion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
EPR Studies on Branched High‐Spin Arylnitrenes
Authors: Chapyshev Sergei V. , Korchagin Denis V. , Budyka Mikhail F. , Gavrishova Tatiana N. , Neuhaus Patrik , Sander Wolfram 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe UV (λ>305 nm) photolysis of triazide 3 in 2‐methyl‐tetrahydrofuran glass at 7 K selectively produces triplet mononitrene 4 (g=2.003, DT=0.92 cm−1, ET=0 cm−1), quintet dinitrene 6 (g=2.003, DQ=0.204 cm−1, EQ=0.035 cm−1), and septet trinitrene 8 (g=2.003, DS=−0.0904 cm−1, ES=−0.0102 cm−1). After 45 min of irradiation, the major products are dinitrene 6 and trinitrene 8 in a ratio of ∼1:2, respectively. These nitrenes are formed as mixtures of rotational isomers each of which has slightly different magnetic parameters D and E. The best agreement between the line‐shape spectral simulations and the experimental electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum is obtained with the line‐broadening parameters Γ(EQ)=180 MHz for dinitrene 6 and Γ(ES)=330 MHz for trinitrene 8. According to these line‐broadening parameters, the variations of the angles Θ in rotational isomers of 6 and 8 are expected to be about ±1 and ±3°, respectively. Theoretical estimations of the magnetic parameters obtained from PBE/DZ(COSMO)//UB3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) calculations overestimate the E and D values by 1 and 8 %, respectively. Despite the large distances between the nitrene units and the extended π systems, the zero field splitting (zfs) parameters D are found to be close to those in quintet dinitrenes and septet trinitrenes, where the nitrene centers are attached to the same aryl ring. The large D values of branched septet nitrenes are due to strong negative one‐center spin–spin interactions in combination with weak positive two‐center spin–spin interactions, as predicted by theoretical considerations.
The elite and stochastic model for iPS cell generation: Multilineage‐differentiating stress enduring (Muse) cells are readily reprogrammable into iPS cells
Authors: Wakao Shohei , Kitada Masaaki , Dezawa Mari 
Published: June 2012

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have attracted a great deal of attention, although the mechanism by which they are generated is still not fully understood. Currently, two theories, the stochastic and elite models, have been proposed. Some reports provide theoretical support for the stochastic model. Other reports, however, support the elite model. For example, some human fibroblasts, such as Multilineage‐differentiating stress enduring (Muse) cells, are reported to be pluripotent and a primary source of iPS cells. Thus, the mechanism of iPS cell generation continues to be debated. In this review, we discuss the properties of the original cell source, such as the components of the original populations and the potential of each population to become iPS cells, and further discuss the implications of the two theories for iPS cell research. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry