bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequence stratigraphy of a carbonate‐evaporite succession (Zechstein 1, Hessian Basin, Germany)
Authors: BECKER FRANK , BECHSTÄDT THILO 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe evaporitic Hessian Zechstein Basin is a sub‐basin of the Southern Zechstein Basin, situated at its southern margin. Twelve facies groups were identified in the Zechstein Limestone and Lower Werra Anhydrite in order to better understand the sequence‐stratigraphic evolution of this sub‐basin, which contains economically important potassium salts. Four different paleogeographic depositional areas were recognized based on the regional distribution of facies. Siliciclastic‐carbonate, carbonate, carbonate‐evaporite and evaporite shallowing‐upward successions are developed. These allow the establishment of parasequences and sequences, as well as correlation throughout the Hessian Basin and into the Southern Zechstein Basin. Two depositional sequences are distinguished, Zechstein sequence 1 and Zechstein sequence 2. The former comprises the succession from the Variscan basement up to the lowermost part of the Werra Anhydrite, including the Kupferschiefer as part of the transgressive systems tract. The highstand systems tract is defined by the Zechstein Limestone, in which two parasequences are developed. In large parts of the Hessian Basin, Zechstein sequence 1 is capped by a karstic, subaerial exposure surface, interpreted as recording a type‐1 sequence boundary that formed during a distinct brine level fall. Low‐lying central areas (Central Hessian Sub‐basin, Werra Sub‐basin), however, were not exposed and show a correlative conformity. Topography was minimal at the end of sequence 1. Widely developed perilittoral, sabkha and salina shallowing‐upward successions indicate a renewed rise of brine level (interpreted as a transgressive systems tract), because of inflow of preconcentrated brines from the Southern Zechstein Basin to the north. This marks the initiation of Zechstein sequence 2, which comprises most of the Lower Werra Anhydrite. In the Central Hessian Sub‐basin, situated proximal to the brine inflow and on the ridges within the Hessian Basin, physico‐chemical conditions were well suited for sulphate precipitation to form a thick cyclic succession. It consists of four parasequences that completely filled the increased accommodation space. In contrast, only minor sulphate accumulation occurred in the Werra Sub‐basin, situated further southwards and distal to the inflow. As a result of substantially different sulphate precipitation rates during increased accommodation, water depth in the region became more variable. The Werra Sub‐basin, characterized by very low sedimentation rates, became increasingly deeper through time, trapping dense halite brines and precipitating rock salt deposits (Werra Halite). This ‘self‐organization’ model for an evaporitic basin, in which depositional relief evolves with sedimentation and relief is filled by evaporite thereafter, contradicts earlier interpretations, that call upon the existence of a tectonic depression in the Werra area, which controlled sedimentation from the beginning of the Zechstein.
Prediction of joint herbicide action by biomass and chlorophyll a fluorescence
Authors: SØBYE K W , STREIBIG J C , CEDERGREEN N 
Published: September 2010

Søbye KW, Streibig JC & Cedergreen N (2011). Prediction of joint herbicide action by biomass and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Weed Research 51, 23–32.SummaryThe joint effect of binary mixtures of the 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor isoxaflutole with glyphosate and metribuzin on Beta vulgaris was analysed with dose–response curves. The hypothesis was to test divergence from the Additive Dose Model (ADM), as a reference model. The Fvj parameter [(Fm − Fj)/Fm] and two new parameters, based on the slope at the J and the I step of the Kautsky curve, measured 2 days after spraying, and biomass 3 weeks after spraying, were used as responses. Synergistic effects of mixtures of isoxaflutole with numerous herbicides have been patented and were thus the working hypothesis. The shapes of isoboles, a contour plot of all mixtures of two herbicides that give the same effect, was variable, but the results of the mixtures with isoxaflutole, however, did not show statistically significant departure from the ADM. This applies to all endpoints: biomass and the Kautsky curve parameters, Fvj, Slope‐I and Slope‐J. The variability of isobole shapes is discussed, as is the use of statistical assessment of isobole parameters. The parameters from the Kautsky curves after 48 h predicted the isobole just as well as biomass after 20 days and could be used as a rapid scan for the divergence of joint action of mixtures from the ADM, long before visible symptoms develop.
Transitory interruption of recommended storage conditions does not cause significant changes in in vitro parameters of leucocyte‐depleted red blood cells
Authors: Weiss D. R. , Fortenbacher S. , Ringwald J. , Strasser E. F. , Zimmermann R. , Eckstein R. 
Published: September 2010

Background and Objectives  Conventional quality control studies of the shelf life of RBC units do not consider cold chain interruptions that occur during cross‐matching or between the release of RBCs from the blood bank and their return from the ward. These interruptions may, however, lead to a considerable loss of quality. On the other hand, differences in the quality of RBCs may derive from the different manufacturing processes employed in various blood centres.Materials and Methods  One day after the expiry date of the RBC unit, we analysed complete blood count, blood gas, potassium, LDH, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, glucose, lactate, total and free haemoglobin (Hb) and ATP and compared the results with regard to the frequency of storage interruptions and to two manufacturers of these RBCs.Results  We could not find any correlations between the frequency of interruptions (0–11) and these parameters in any of the data sets. However, we found significant differences when comparing the two suppliers. RBCs of manufacturer A (‘A’, inline filtration of whole blood) contained 25% more Hb than those of manufacturer B (‘B’, inline filtration after buffy coat reduction). Sixteen percentage of ‘A’‐RBC, but none of ‘B’‐RBC, exceeded a haemolysis of 0·8%.Conclusions  Transitory interruptions of cold chain do not measurably impair the quality of RBCs. The effect on storage of RBCs in the blood bank is not as significant a factor as the differences that exist between RBC manufacturing procedures.
Influence of late irradiation on the in vitro RBC storage variables of leucoreduced RBCs in SAGM additive solution
Authors: Zimmermann R. , Schoetz A. M. , Frisch A. , Hauck B. , Weiss D. , Strobel J. , Eckstein R. 
Published: September 2010

Background  There exists only few data on in vitro and in vivo effects of gamma irradiation of leucoreduced red blood cells (RBCs). Reported studies reflect the effects of early irradiation and subsequent storage. The effects of irradiation on RBCs shortly before the end of their shelf‐life have not been examined.Study Design and Methods  We studied 160 RBC units that were stored in the additive solution saline–adenine–glucose–mannitol and leucoreduced on the collection day. Forty components were irradiated on day +14 with 30 Gy, 40 on day +28, 40 on day +35, and 40 served as nonirradiated controls. In vitro evaluation of all units was performed on days +3, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, and +42 from the collection day.Results  Gamma irradiation induced leakage of potassium ions and lactate dehydrogenase and enhanced in vitro haemolysis rate in the irradiated components, which started to increase faster than that of nonirradiated RBCs from the day of irradiation, i.e. from day +14 in units that were irradiated on day +14, from day +28 in units that were irradiated on day +28, and from day +35 in units that were irradiated on day +35.Conclusions  This study presents data on the in vitro quality of leucoreduced RBCs that have been irradiated on days +14, +28, or +35 after collection. Our findings support the proposal that the current limitation of the age of RBCs on the day of gamma irradiation may be replaced by staged limitations depending on the time of irradiation.
Spatial pattern of coastal fish assemblages in different habitats in North‐western Mediterranean
Authors: La Mesa Gabriele , Molinari Andrea , Gambaccini Silvia , Tunesi Leonardo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVariability of fish assemblages across habitat structures can depend on spatial scales. A hierarchical sampling design was used to assess the spatial variability of temperate fish assemblages in different habitats and at multiple scales. Underwater visual censuses were carried out along the coasts of Elba Island (NW Mediterranean) on Posidonia oceanica beds, rocky algal reefs and sandy habitat at three spatial scales, namely tens of metres (individual replicates), hundreds of metres (sites) and tens of kilometres (locations). At the assemblage level, there was a clear relationship between fish and habitat type and the observed habitat‐related differences were largely dependent on species identity. Fish assemblages on P. oceanica beds and rocky reefs shared a high number of species, whereas overlap with sandy assemblages was negligible. Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in fish assemblages among habitats, although there was also a significant habitat × site interaction. These differences relied mainly upon assemblage composition and species richness. Assemblages on rocky reefs and P. oceanica meadows usually harboured a higher number of species and individuals compared with sandy assemblages. Nevertheless, the patterns of habitat‐related differences in species richness and, especially, in the total number of fish, changed significantly from site to site. Eight species showed significant differences over habitats, but they were not consistent due to the interaction of habitat with site. Predictability of fish at both assemblage and population levels decreased with the scale of observation, and the spatial pattern of fish observed at the smallest scale was likely dependent on factors other than habitat type.
Transurethral resection of bladder tumour complicated by perforation requiring open surgical repair – clinical characteristics and oncological outcomes
Authors: Golan Shay , Baniel Jack , Lask Dov , Livne Pinhas M. , Yossepowitch Ofer 
Published: September 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Evidence suggests that open repair of a bladder perforation during TURBT may increase the risk of pelvic or distant disease recurrence.The study demonstrates that while bladder violation during TURBT may carry a potential for considerable morbidity, it does not seem to substantially increase the risk of extravesical tumour seeding and disease recurrence.OBJECTIVE• To examine the clinical characteristics and long‐term outcomes of patients with bladder perforation requiring open surgical repair as a complication of transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT).PATIENT AND METHODS• A search of our institutional database yielded 4144 patients who underwent TURBT from 1996 to 2008, of whom 15 (0.36%) required open surgical intervention to repair a large bladder perforation.• In all cases, a filling cystogram was performed before laparotomy. Clinical, pathological and follow‐up data were reviewed, and the incidence and time of extravesical tumour recurrence were recorded.RESULTS• Median patient age was 77 years. Intraperitoneal perforation was diagnosed in 12 patients, generally involving the posterior wall. Concomitant bowel injury was identified in two patients and managed by primary repair. Two patients in whom the diagnosis and intervention were delayed died within 1 week of surgery.• Metastatic progression was observed in two patients shortly after the perforation (median interval, 4.8 months), and local pelvic recurrence was noted in one of them.• None of the patients with stage Ta tumours had evidence of extravesical progression. Actuarial estimates of disease‐free survival at 1, 3 and 5 years after the perforation were 83%, 71% and 41%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS• A significant bladder perforation during TURBT requiring open surgical repair is more likely to occur in elderly patients with large posterior wall tumours and heavily pretreated bladders.• Despite its potential for considerable morbidity, this adverse event does not seem to substantially increase the risk of extravesical tumour seeding. Prompt diagnosis, immediate intervention and meticulous bladder and bowel inspection during laparotomy are imperative.
Expression and plasma membrane localization of the mammalian B‐cell receptor complex in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Barbi Tommaso , Irons Sarah L. , Pepponi Ilaria , Hawes Chris , Ma Julian K‐C. , Drake Pascal M. W. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe B‐cell antigen receptor (BCR), displayed on the plasma membrane of mature B cells of the mammalian immune system, is a multimeric complex consisting of a membrane‐bound immunoglobulin (mIg) noncovalently associated with the Igα/Igβ heterodimer. In this study, we engineered transgenic tobacco plants expressing all four chains of the BCR. ELISA, Western blotting and confocal microscopy demonstrated that the BCR was correctly assembled in plants, predominantly in the plasma membrane, and that the noncovalent link was detergent sensitive. This is the first example of a noncovalently assembled plasma membrane‐retained heterologous receptor in plants. In B cells of the mammalian immune system, following antigen binding to mIg, BCR is internalized and tyrosine residues on Igα and Igβ are phosphorylated activating a signaling cascade through interaction with protein kinases that ultimately leads to the initiation of gene expression. Expression of the BCR may therefore be an important tool for the study of plant endocytosis and the identification of previously unknown plant tyrosine kinases. The specificity and diversity of the antibody repertoire, coupled to the signal transduction capability of the Igα/Igβ heterodimer, also indicates that plants expressing BCR may in future be developed as environmental biosensors.
THE NUMBER OF FIRMS AND THE POLITICS OF STRATEGIC TRADE POLICY
Authors: Kagitani Koichi 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIncorporating home firms' lobbying in a country into a third market model of oligopoly, this paper studies how such lobbying affects the government's strategic export policy scheme. We pay special attention to the home firms' lobby formation and its effect on domestic welfare. The home firms can organize a lobby more easily when the number of their rival foreign firms is larger than that of them, and/or when the government is overly concerned with political contribution relative to domestic welfare. The strategic export policy under lobbying cannot improve the domestic welfare, which depends on the number of firms, the government's concern about political donation and the level of socially wasted lobbying costs.
A RE‐EXAMINATION OF PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS AND EFFICIENCY ESTIMATES FOR THE NATIONAL BASKETBALL ASSOCIATION
Authors: Lee Young Hoon , Berri David 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper seeks to re‐examine the issue of estimating team efficiency for sports teams via an application of data from the National Basketball Association. This paper argues that the inputs the coaches allocate are the players the team employs. Therefore, this paper employs a measure of playing talent in modeling team production. Unlike previous studies, which only employed one measure of playing talent, we employ measures of guards, small forwards and big men in a study of basketball. This paper also argues that the time‐varying stochastic frontier models with the identical temporal pattern assumption such as Lee and Schmidt and Battese and Coelli cannot be used in the analysis of team efficiency in sports. The evidence we present shows by hypothesis test that this argument holds.
THIRD PARTIES, INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND MONITORING INCENTIVES
Authors: Menichini Anna Maria C. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTWithin an incomplete contract setting, the paper analyses the role of third parties in ameliorating incentive problems arising in the context of financial contracts with costly verification and lender's bargaining power. Contrary to the findings of the bilateral lender–borrower relationship, characterised by no information revelation and possibly a breakdown of the market, it is shown that, in the presence of third parties, an optimal contract exists featuring partial information revelation and random monitoring. The importance of third parties is therefore not limited to improving efficiency, as it is when the contract offer comes from the informed party, but to ensure project realisation, and thus to ensure that the surplus that can arise from the project does not get lost.
MONETARY POLICY WITH A WIDER INFORMATION SET: A BAYESIAN MODEL AVERAGING APPROACH
Authors: Milani Fabio 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTMonetary policy has been usually analyzed in the context of small macroeconomic models where central banks are allowed to exploit a limited amount of information. Under these frameworks, researchers typically derive the optimality of aggressive monetary rules, contrasting with the observed policy conservatism and interest rate smoothing. This paper allows the central bank to exploit a wider information set, while taking into account the associated model uncertainty, by employing Bayesian model averaging with Markov chain model composition. In this enriched environment, we derive the optimality of smoother and more cautious policy rates, together with clear gains in macroeconomic efficiency.
Deposit Finance as a Commitment Device and the Optimal Debt Structure of Commercial Banks
Authors: Bank Matthias , Lawrenz Jochen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe consider a regulated bank with access to bond and insured deposit financing. Bank manager‐owners have specific abilities, which allows them to extract rents. We show that deposit finance acts as a commitment device that has the potential to raise the overall debt capacity of the bank and increases pledgeable assets. Our focus is on the optimal mix of bond and deposit financing. We find that in the optimum, the bank chooses a debt structure so as to align internal incentives with external constraints. The model predicts that banks with more risky assets or with more specialised human capital use deposit financing to a lesser extent.
Practitioner Review: Assessment and treatment of refugee children and adolescents who have experienced war‐related trauma
Authors: Ehntholt Kimberly A. , Yule William 
Published: September 2010

Background:  Increasingly clinicians are being asked to assess and treat young refugees, who have experienced traumatic events due to war and organised violence. However, evidence‐based guidance remains scarce.Method:  Published studies on the mental health difficulties of refugee children and adolescents, associated risk and protective factors, as well as effective interventions, particularly those designed to reduce war‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, were identified and reviewed. The findings are summarised.Results:  Young refugees are frequently subjected to multiple traumatic events and severe losses, as well as ongoing stressors within the host country. Although young refugees are often resilient, many experience mental health difficulties, including PTSD, depression, anxiety and grief. An awareness of relevant risk and protective factors is important. A phased model of intervention is often useful and the need for a holistic approach crucial. Promising treatments for alleviating symptoms of war‐related PTSD include cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT), testimonial psychotherapy, narrative exposure therapy (NET) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Knowledge of the particular needs of unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children (UASC), working with interpreters, cross‐cultural differences, medico‐legal report writing and the importance of clinician self‐care is also necessary.Conclusion:  More research is required in order to expand our limited knowledge base.
Disentangling gene‐environment correlations and interactions on adolescent depressive symptoms
Authors: Lau Jennifer Y.F. , Eley Thalia C. 
Published: September 2010

Background:  Genetic risks for depression may be expressed through greater exposure towards environmental stressors (gene–environment correlation, rGE) and increased susceptibility to these stressors (gene–environment interaction, G × E). While these effects are often studied independently, evidence supports their co‐occurrence on depression.Methods:  Adolescent twin and sibling data was used to assess correlations and interactions between genetic risks for depressive symptoms and two putative environmental stressors: dependent negative life events and maternal punitive discipline.Results:  Moderate genetic effects influenced each environmental risk factor, consistent with rGE. Genetic effects on environmental risks also contributed to depressive outcomes, implying genetic correlations between measures. Genetic effects on depressive symptoms changed across levels of negative life events and maternal punitive discipline, consistent with G × E. Finally, G × E co‐occurred with rGE on depressive outcomes.Conclusions:  Adolescents at genetic risk for depressive phenotypes may be exposed to increased social adversity (rGE) and more susceptible to developing symptoms in response to these risks (G × E).
Early motherhood and subsequent life outcomes
Authors: Boden Joseph M. , Fergusson David M. , John Horwood L. 
Published: September 2010

Background:  Early motherhood has been linked with a number of adverse outcomes, including mental health difficulties and barriers to completing educational qualifications and workforce participation. The present study examined the extent to which these linkages could be explained by the influence of social, family, and background factors that were associated with early motherhood.Methods:  Data were gathered as part of the Christchurch Health and Development Study, a 25‐year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of New Zealand children. Information was obtained on: (a) the history of pregnancy and parenthood for female participants over the period 15–21 years; (b) measures of DSM‐IV mental disorders and suicidal behaviour over the interval 21–25 years; (c) measures of educational achievement over the interval 21–25 years; (d) measures of welfare dependence, workforce participation, and income over the interval 21–25 years; and (e) childhood, family and related confounding factors.Results:  Early motherhood was associated with higher levels of mental health disorders, lower levels of educational achievement, higher levels of welfare dependence, lower levels of workforce participation, and lower income. Control for confounding factors reduced the associations between early motherhood and later mental health disorders to statistical non‐significance. However, the associations between early motherhood and later educational achievement and economic circumstances persisted after control for potentially confounding factors.Conclusions:  The findings suggest that early motherhood puts young women at risk for educational underachievement and poorer economic circumstances. The linkages between early motherhood and later mental health difficulties can largely be accounted for by childhood, family, and related circumstances that occurred prior to parenthood.