bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstinence‐contingent recovery housing and reinforcement‐based treatment following opioid detoxification
Authors: Tuten Michelle , DeFulio Anthony , Jones Hendrée E. , Stitzer Maxine 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To conduct a randomized, controlled trial of abstinence‐contingent recovery housing delivered with or without intensive day treatment among individuals exiting residential opioid detoxification.Design  Random assignment to one of three conditions: recovery housing alone (RH), abstinence‐contingent recovery housing with reinforcement‐based treatment RBT (RH + RBT) or usual care (UC). RH and RH + RBT participants received 12 weeks of paid recovery housing contingent upon drug abstinence. RH + RBT participants also received 26 weeks of RBT, initiated concurrently with recovery housing. Assessments were conducted at 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment enrollment.Setting  Out‐patient drug‐free substance abuse treatment program in Baltimore, Maryland.Participants  Patients (n = 243) who completed medication‐assisted opioid detoxification.Measurements  Primary outcome was drug abstinence (opioid‐ and cocaine‐negative urine and no self‐reported opioid or cocaine use in the previous 30 days). Secondary outcomes included abstinence at all time‐points (1, 3 and 6 months), days in recovery housing and employment.Findings  Overall rates of drug abstinence were 50% for RH + RBT, 37% for RH and 13% for UC (P < 0.001). At 6 months, RH + RBT participants remained more likely to meet abstinence criteria than UC participants (37% versus 20%, P = 0.016). Length of stay in recovery housing mediated abstinence outcomes and was longer in RH + RBT (49.5 days) than in RH (32.2 days; P < 0.002).Conclusions  Abstinence‐contingent recovery housing improves abstinence in opioid‐dependent adults following medication‐assisted detoxification. The addition of intensive ‘reinforcement‐based treatment’ behavioural counseling further improves treatment outcomes, in part by promoting longer recovery house stays.
Interventions to prevent substance use and risky sexual behaviour in young people: a systematic review
Authors: Jackson Caroline , Geddes Rosemary , Haw Sally , Frank John 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To identify and assess the effectiveness of experimental studies of interventions that report on multiple risk behaviour outcomes in young people.Methods  A systematic review was performed to identify experimental studies of interventions to reduce risk behaviour in adolescents or young adults and that reported on both any substance (alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug) use and sexual risk behaviour outcomes. Two authors reviewed studies independently identified through a comprehensive search strategy and assessed the quality of included studies. The report was prepared in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Results  From 1129 papers, 18 experimental studies met our inclusion criteria, 13 of which were assigned a strong or moderate quality rating. The substantial heterogeneity between studies precluded the pooling of results to give summary estimates. Intervention effects were mixed, with most programmes having a significant effect on some outcomes, but not others. The most promising interventions addressed multiple domains (individual and peer, family, school and community) of risk and protective factors for risk behaviour. Programmes that addressed just one domain were generally less effective in preventing multiple risk behaviour.Conclusions  There is some, albeit limited, evidence that programmes to reduce multiple risk behaviours in school children can be effective, the most promising programmes being those that address multiple domains of influence on risk behaviour. Intervening in the mid‐childhood school years may have an impact on later risk behaviour, but further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of this approach.
One fungus, one name promotes progressive plant pathology
Authors: WINGFIELD MICHAEL J. , DE BEER Z. WILHELM , SLIPPERS BERNARD , WINGFIELD BRENDA D. , GROENEWALD JOHANNES Z. , LOMBARD LORENZO , CROUS PEDRO W. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYThe robust and reliable identification of fungi underpins virtually every element of plant pathology, from disease diagnosis to studies of biology, management/control, quarantine and, even more recently, comparative genomics. Most plant diseases are caused by fungi, typically pleomorphic organisms, for which the taxonomy and, in particular, a dual nomenclature system have frustrated and confused practitioners of plant pathology. The emergence of DNA sequencing has revealed cryptic taxa and revolutionized our understanding of relationships in the fungi. The impacts on plant pathology at every level are already immense and will continue to grow rapidly as new DNA sequencing technologies continue to emerge. DNA sequence comparisons, used to resolve a dual nomenclature problem for the first time only 19 years ago, have made it possible to approach a natural classification for the fungi and to abandon the confusing dual nomenclature system. The journey to a one fungus, one name taxonomic reality has been long and arduous, but its time has come. This will inevitably have a positive impact on plant pathology, plant pathologists and future students of this hugely important discipline on which the world depends for food security and plant health in general. This contemporary review highlights the problems of a dual nomenclature, especially its impact on plant pathogenic fungi, and charts the road to a one fungus, one name system that is rapidly drawing near.
Association analyses of porcine SERPINE1 reveal sex‐specific effects on muscling, growth, fat accretion and meat quality
Authors: Weisz F. , Bartenschlager H. , Knoll A. , Mileham A. , Deeb N. , Geldermann H. , Čepica S. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThe serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1 (SERPINE1) gene encodes plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI), which is the major physiological inhibitor of tissue‐type and urokinase‐type plasminogen activators and plays a role in obesity and insulin resistance in women but not in men. We detected SNP FN396538:g.566G>A in intron 3 and a non‐synonymous substitution NM_213910:c.612A>G in exon 3 (p.Ile159Val) and mapped the gene to position 8.4 cM on the linkage map of chromosome 3. Association analyses were conducted on the 12th–15th generation of the Meishan × Large White (MLW) cross (n = 565), with records for weight at the end of test, lifetime daily gain, test time daily gain, loin depth and backfat depth, as well as on a European wild boar × Meishan (W × M) F2 population (n = 333) with 47 traits recorded for carcass composition and meat quality. Analyses performed across the entire MLW population or in the male animals did not show any trait significantly associated with the loci studied. In female animals, both SNPs were associated with loin depth at nominal P < 0.05 with adjusted P values equal to 0.051 (g.566) and 0.057 (c.612). Differences between homozygotes were up to 0.65 SD. In the entire W × M population and female animals, SERPINE1 was significantly associated at adjusted P < 0.05 in descending order with muscling, growth and fat accretion and in male animals with meat quality (R‐value). In the studied populations, allele effects were in opposite directions, which implies that the SNPs are markers that are in linkage disequilibrium with a causative mutation.
The Pliocene‐Quaternary wedge‐top basins of southern Italy: an expression of propagating lateral slab tear beneath the Apennines
Authors: Ascione Alessandra , Ciarcia Sabatino , Di Donato Valentino , Mazzoli Stefano , Vitale Stefano 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn recent years, contrasting seismic tomographic images have given rise to an extensive debate about the occurrence and implications of migrating slab detachment beneath southern Italy. One of the most pertinent aspects of this process is the concentration of the slab pull force, and particularly its surface expression in terms of vertical motions and related basin subsidence/uplift. In this study we focused on shallow‐water to continental, Pliocene‐Quaternary basins that formed on top of the Apennine allochthonous wedge after its emplacement onto a large foreland carbonate platform domain (Apulian Platform). Due to the thick‐skinned style of deformation controlling the Pliocene‐Pleistocene stages of continental shortening, a high degree of coupling with the downgoing plate appears to characterize the late tectonic evolution of the southern Apennines. Therefore, the wedge‐top basins analysed in this study, although occurring on the deformed edge of the overriding plate, are capable of recording deep geodynamic processes affecting the slab. Detailed stratigraphic work on these wedge‐top basins points to a progressive SE‐ward migration of basin subsidence from c. 4 to c. 2.8 Ma over a distance of about 140 km along the strike of the Apennine belt. Such a migration is consistent with a redistribution of slab‐pull forces associated with the progressive lateral migration at a mean rate in the range of 12–14 cm y–1 of a slab tear within the down‐going Adriatic lithosphere. These results yield fundamental information on the rates of first‐order geodynamic processes affecting the slab, and on related surface response.
Thermo‐tectonic evolution of the south‐central Pyrenees from rifting to orogeny: insights from detrital zircon U/Pb and (U‐Th)/He thermochronometry
Authors: Filleaudeau Pierre‐Yves , Mouthereau Frédéric , Pik Raphaël 
Published: December 2011

AbstractConstraining the thermal and denudational evolution of continental margins from extensional episodes to early orogenic stages is critical in the objective to better understand the sediment routing during the growth of orogenic topography. Here, we report 160 detrital zircon U/Pb ages and 73 (U‐Th)/He ages from Albian, Upper Cretaceous and Eocene sandstones from the south‐central Pyrenees. All samples show dominant zircon U/Pb age peaks at 310–320 Ma, indicating a primary contribution from Variscan granites of the central Pyrenean Axial Zone. A secondary population at 450–600 Ma documents zircon grains sourced from the eastern Pyrenees. Zircon (U‐Th)/He ages recovered from older samples document, a Triassic age peak at ca. 241 Ma, corresponding to denudation coeval with the initiation of Atlantic rifting. An Early Cretaceous cooling event at ca. 133 Ma appears consistent with rift‐related exhumation and thermal overprint on the Iberian margin. The (U‐Th)/He age peaks from ca. 80 Ma to ca. 68 Ma with decreasing depositional ages are interpreted to reflect the southward‐migrating thrust‐related exhumation on the pro‐wedge side of the Pyrenean orogen. The increase in lag times, from ca. 15 Ma in the Tremp Formation (ca. 65 Ma) to 28 Ma in the Escanilla Formation (ca. 40 Ma), suggests decreasing exhumation rates from 0.4 km Myr–1 to 0.2 km Myr–1. The apparent inconsistency with convergence rates is used to infer that rocks cooled at 68 Ma may have resided in the crust before final exhumation to the surface. Finally, the cooling event observed at 68 Ma provides support to the inferred acceleration of convergence, shortening and exhumation during Late Cretaceous times.
T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: recent molecular biology findings
Authors: Kraszewska Monika D. , Dawidowska Małgorzata , Szczepański Tomasz , Witt Michał 
Published: December 2011

SummaryFor many years, T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL) has been considered and treated as a single malignancy, but divergent outcomes in T‐ALL patients receiving uniform treatment protocols encouraged intensive research on the molecular biology of this disease. Recent findings in the field demonstrate that T‐ALL is much more heterogeneous than originally believed and extremely diverse outcomes of patients require refinement of T‐ALL classification, leading to subtype‐specific adjustment of treatment. Many different biological features of T‐ALL blast cells have recently been found to contribute to disease development and patient outcome and their analysis could potentially be introduced into improved diagnostics and classification of the disease. This review focuses on five key issues of T‐ALL biology: chromosome aberrations, gene expression profiles, gene mutations, DNA methylation patterns, and immunoglobulin/T cell receptor (Ig/TCR) gene rearrangements. Additionally, molecular monitoring of minimal residual disease, by far the most reliable independent prognostic factor in T‐ALL, has been highlighted in the context of Ig/TCR gene rearrangements. Translation of this biological information into better prognostic classification and more effective treatment should lead to improvement of outcome in T‐ALL patients.
Hot mothers, cool eggs: nest‐site selection by egg‐guarding spiders accommodates conflicting thermal optima
Authors: Pike David A. , Webb Jonathan K. , Shine Richard 
Published: December 2011

Summary1. In oviparous species providing maternal care, the choice of nest site is crucial for the survival of both the eggs and the mother. Most embryos only develop successfully within a narrow range of incubation conditions, which may differ from the mother’s own requirements.2. How, then, do nest‐attending mothers select sites that provide suitable conditions for embryonic development, without compromising their own viability?3. We investigated nest‐site selection in flat‐rock spiders, Hemicloea major, a species that guards fixed egg sacs in a thermally challenging environment (under sun‐exposed rocks). Females glue egg sacs beneath rocks during late spring and guard their eggs during summer, when temperatures beneath rocks often exceed 50 °C.4. Our field surveys show that spiders laid eggs beneath rocks that were larger and thinner, and thus hotter, than were most available rocks. However, the egg sacs almost invariably were glued to the coolest sites on the substrate beneath a rock, rather than to the (hotter, by about 9 °C) underside of the rock.5. By affixing their egg sacs to the coolest locations beneath the hottest rocks, females ensured that their developing offspring experienced moderate temperatures and avoided lethal extremes and, simultaneously, gave themselves access to much hotter areas (that enhance their feeding and growth rates) under the same rock. This strategy allows mobile adult spiders to actively select higher temperatures than can be tolerated by their embryos, while remaining close enough to their eggs for effective nest guarding.
Simulated N deposition negatively impacts sugar maple regeneration in a northern hardwood ecosystem
Authors: Patterson Sierra L. , Zak Donald R. , Burton Andrew J. , Talhelm Alan F. , Pregitzer Kurt S. 
Published: December 2011

Summary1. During the next century, atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is projected to more than double, potentially leading to a decline in plant diversity as well as a change in plant community composition and structure.2. In a decade‐long field experiment, simulated atmospheric N deposition has slowed litter decay, resulting in an accumulation of forest floor (i.e. Oi & Oe horizons). We reasoned that a greater forest floor mass under simulated N deposition would impose a physical barrier to sugar maple Acer saccharum seedling establishment, thereby reducing seedling populations of an ecologically and economically important tree species.3. To test this idea, we first quantified sugar maple seedling abundance in replicate northern hardwood forest stands receiving ambient atmospheric N (7–12 kg N ha−1 year−1) and experimental atmospheric N deposition, simulating future amounts in eastern North America (ambient plus 30 kg NO3− N ha−1 year−1). Then, we experimentally manipulated forest floor mass under ambient and simulated N deposition treatments. Finally, we transplanted first‐year established seedlings into areas receiving ambient and simulated N deposition and quantified their mortality after 1 year.4. First‐year seedling abundance did not differ under ambient and simulated N deposition; however, there were greater abundances of second‐ and third‐to‐fifth‐year seedlings under ambient N deposition (P < 0·001). In all cases, experimental manipulation to increase forest floor mass, equivalent to that under simulated N deposition, resulted in significantly (P = 0·001) fewer established individuals, regardless of whether the greater forest floor mass occurred under ambient or simulated N deposition. Finally, fewer 1‐year‐old transplanted seedlings survived when grown under simulated N, albeit that result was not statistically significant.5. Synthesis and applications. The slowing of decay and the accumulation of forest floor under anthropogenic N deposition can negatively impact seedling survival and potentially alter stand development and structural diversity. As atmospheric N deposition increases globally, it becomes necessary to understand the mechanisms that lead to population changes for ecologically important tree species. The responses we document should be considered in simulations of future of forestdynamics, as atmospheric N deposition continues to increase, specifically when sugar maple life‐history traits are included to simulate regeneration, structural diversity and stand development.
Stand structure modulates the long‐term vulnerability ofPinus halepensisto climatic drought in a semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem
Authors: MORENO‐GUTIÉRREZ CRISTINA , BATTIPAGLIA GIOVANNA , CHERUBINI PAOLO , SAURER MATTHIAS , NICOLÁS EMILIO , CONTRERAS SERGIO , QUEREJETA JOSÉ IGNACIO 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTWe investigated whether stand structure modulates the long‐term physiological performance and growth ofPinus halepensisMill. in a semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem. Tree radial growth and carbon and oxygen stable isotope composition of latewood (δ13CLWandδ18OLW, respectively) from 1967 to 2007 were measured inP. halepensistrees from two sharply contrasting stand types: open woodlands with widely scattered trees versus dense afforested stands.In both stand types, tree radial growth,δ13CLWandδ18OLWwere strongly correlated with annual rainfall, thus indicating that tree performance in this semiarid environment is largely determined by inter‐annual changes in water availability.However, trees in dense afforested stands showed consistently higherδ18OLWand similarδ13CLWvalues compared with those in neighbouring open woodlands, indicating lower stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rates in the former, but little difference in water use efficiency between stand types. Trees in dense afforested stands were more water stressed and showed lower radial growth, overall suggesting greater vulnerability to drought and climate aridification compared with trees in open woodlands.In this semiarid ecosystem, the negative impacts of intense inter‐tree competition for water onP. halepensisperformance clearly outweigh potential benefits derived from enhanced infiltration and reduced run‐off losses in dense afforested stands.
Causative significance of bladder blood flow in lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Matsumoto Seiji , Kakizaki Hidehiro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe association between metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms has been attracting enormous interest and attention. This enthusiasm is based on the presence of many common risk factors being involved in both metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms, as shown by various epidemiological studies. Metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms have many pathophysiological features in common, particularly overactive bladder. Herein, we analyze the pathophysiological relationship between metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms with a special emphasis on bladder blood flow. We also propose a new treatment strategy for treating lower urinary tract symptoms from the viewpoint of bladder blood flow.
Protein kinase C inhibitor prevents renal apoptotic and fibrotic changes in response to partial ureteric obstruction
Authors: Juan Yung‐Shun , Chuang Shu‐Mien , Long Cheng‐Yu , Lin Rong‐Jyh , Liu Keh‐Min , Wu Wen‐Jeng , Huang Chun‐Hsiung 
Published: December 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Protein kinase C inhibitor (PKCI) can decrease glomerular and tubular cell apoptosis and mitosis and attenuate collagen accumulation and fibronectin expression in a PUUO rat model.Although the role of PKC has been well studied in diabetic nephropathy, there is no report on its role in obstructive nephropathy. This investigation evaluated the processes that were associated with the activation of PKCα and PKCβ pathways and showed that PKCI played an important role in the protection of renal function during ureteric obstruction.OBJECTIVES
To investigate the expression of the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway after partial unilateral ureteric obstruction (PUUO).
To evaluate the therapeutic potential of a PKC inhibitor (PKCI) in obstructive nephropathy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty‐six rats were divided into three groups. One sham‐operated group served as the control. The other two groups received PUUO surgery, after which one group received no treatment and the other group was treated with PKCI, chelerythrine.
The severity of hydronephrosis and renal morphology were assessed: tubular and glomerularcell apoptosis, mitosis and interstitial fibrosis were examined using immunohistochemistry.
Western immunoblots were performed to determine fibronectin, transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), and PKC isoform levels.
RESULTS
Two weeks after PUUO surgery, hydronephrosis progressively developed. Tubular‐interstitial fibrosis, collagen deposition and fibronectin expression were increased.
PUUO also activated the expression of PKCα and PKCβ and the translocation of PKCs from cell cytosol to cell membranes.
Treatment with PKCI significantly decreased PKCα and PKCβ expression and translocation in the renal cortex.
Treatment with PKCI also reduced the severity of hydronephrosis, decreased both glomerular and tubular cell apoptosis and mitosis, and attenuated the collagen and fibronectin accumulation in renal interstitium.
CONCLUSIONS
Renal tubular apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis after obstructive nephropathy are associated with PKCα and PKCβ activation.
The PKCI, chelerythrine, is capable of decreasing PKC expression and translocation in the renal cortex, suggesting that this inhibitor may have therapeutic potential in the protection of renal function in the first few weeks after PUUO surgery.