bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deadly liaisons: fatal attraction between CCN matricellular proteins and the tumor necrosis factor family of cytokines
Authors: Chen Chih‐Chiun , Lau Lester F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecent studies have revealed an unexpected synergism between two seemingly unrelated protein families: CCN matricellular proteins and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines. CCN proteins are dynamically expressed at sites of injury repair and inflammation, where TNF cytokines are also expressed. Although TNFα is an apoptotic inducer in some cancer cells, it activates NFκB to promote survival and proliferation in normal cells, and its cytotoxicity requires inhibition of de novo protein synthesis or NFκB signaling. The presence of CCN1, CCN2, or CCN3 overrides this requirement and unmasks the apoptotic potential of TNFα, thus converting TNFα from a proliferation‐promoting protein into an apoptotic inducer. These CCN proteins also enhance the cytotoxicity of other TNF cytokines, including LTα, FasL, and TRAIL. Mechanistically, CCNs function through integrin α6β1 and the heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) syndecan‐4 to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which is essential for apoptotic synergism. Mutant CCN1 proteins defective for binding α6β1‐HSPGs are unable to induce ROS or apoptotic synergism with TNF cytokines. Further, knockin mice that express an α6β1‐HSPG‐binding defective CCN1 are blunted in TNFα‐ and Fas‐mediated apoptosis, indicating that CCN1 is a physiologic regulator of these processes. These findings implicate CCN proteins as contextual regulators of the inflammatory response by dictating or enhancing the cytotoxicity of TNFα and related cytokines.
Observations on the Life History of Triodontophorus tenuicollis, a Nematode Parasite of the Horse
Authors: Ortlepp R. J. 
Published: November 2009

1. During the free-living development the larvæ of Triodontophorus tenuicollis undergo two moults separating three larval stages, the last stage remaining ensheathed in the cuticule of the previous stage.2. The development takes about four days when the eggs are cultured in horse fæces and charcoal at 26° C.3. The infective or third stage larvæ are climbers, and also show a marked resistance to desiccation ; they can also withstand variations in temperature from – 8° C. to 60° C.4. They do not penetrate skin.5. Infection of the host is probably via the mouth during grazing.6. The fourth-stage larva is described. It is free in the lumen of the colon, possesses a well-marked larval buccal capsule and three stout and pointed œsophageal teeth. Sex differences are now present.7. The adult buccal capsule develops in the form of a vesicle round the base of the larval buccal capsule.8. The probable mode of its parasitic development is given.9. A fourth-stage larva, probably that of either T. brevicauda or T. serratus, is described.
Potato Root Eelworm, D-D, and Soil Sterilization. I. Methods and Criteria
Authors: Peters B. G. 
Published: November 2009

Methods are described whereby a factorial experiment was set up to test the effects on 40 potato plants, growing in 15 Kg. pots of soil, of the three factors: (S) steam sterilization of soil, (H) infection of soil with about three million eggs ard larvae of Heterodera rostochiensis per pot, and (D) injection of soil with 10 ml. of D-D per pot.Data from the infected half of the pots were also used to test the effects of factors (S) and (D) on the eelworm population.The data from 10 plant criteria yielded three statistics: the variance ratio (F), the coefficient of variability (V), and the Normal difference (t) corresponding to each factor and interaction. From an examination of these, the following two criteria are selected as, between them, displaying all the significant treatment effects of the experiment:
Potato Root Eelworm, D-D, and Soil Sterilization. II. Results for 1946
Authors: Peters B. G. 
Published: November 2009

A factorial experiment involving the presence and absence of three factors: steam sterilization (S), infection with some three million eggs and larvae of Heterodera rostochiensis per pot (H), and injection of 10 ml. of D-D per pot (D), the factors applied in that order, was carried out to ascertain the effects on the growth of 40 potato plants in pots containing 15 Kg. of soil.In the event, the D-D was lethal to the great, majority of eelworms, so that treatments labelled (hd) and (hsd) were effectively reduced to (d) and (sd). This fact greatly complicated the analysis, but nevertheless enabled certain conclusions to be drawn. The use of this factorial design may be criticised in the face of this antagonistic action between, two of the factors. Nevertheless, the effects of H and D acting together on the plants was a subject of interest; the real fault in design lay in using too high a concentration of D-D, or in not using a series of concentrations. The fact that the concentration used was too high emerged from the experiment and was not known beforehand.
On a New Species of the GenusGaneoKlein, 1905 and Some Notes on the Genus
Authors: Fotedar D. N. 
Published: November 2009

1. A new species,Ganeo bufonis, from a toad,Bufo viridis, in Kashmir, is described. This is the first species of the genus recorded from a toad; it differs from the known species in having both the vitelline glands confined to one side. The uterine coils do not extend into the post-caecal area; the excretory bladder is without any median stem and the metraterm is present.2.Ganeo tigrinumMehra and Negi, 1928 is also recorded for the first time fromBufo viridis.Ganeo kumaonensisPande, 1937 andGaneo lingnanensisLi, 1938 are both regarded as synonyms ofGaneo tigrinum.3. A revised generic diagnosis and a key to the species of the genusGaneoKlein, 1905 are given.
OnChabertiella pesterigen. et sp. nov. (Cyathostomidae) from a Giraffe and on the Validity ofChabertia rishatiAkhtar, 1937
Authors: Tadros G. 
Published: November 2009

1.Chabertiella pesterigen. and sp. nov. from the giraffe (Giraffe camelopardalis) is described.2.Chabertia rishatiAkhtar, 1937 is synonymized withChabertia ovina(Gmelin, 1790) Railliet and Henry, 1909.
Topographical Distribution of Ostertagia spp. in the Abomasum of Sheep
Authors: Dunsmore J. D. 
Published: November 2009

A topographical distribution of Ostertagia spp. lesions in the abomasum of sheep has been observed under certain field conditions which is the reverse of that described by Sommerville (1953, 1954) and also seen by this author to be characteristic of a primary Ostertagia spp. infection.This “reverse distribution” has been demonstrated experimentally under conditions in which a heavy primary Ostertagia infection has been acquired (in the field or artificially) and naturally eliminated; the “reverse distribution” is then characteristically acquired by a challenge infection.
Histochemical and electrophoretic studies on phosphatases of some Indian trematodes
Authors: Haque Masoodul , Siddiqi Ather H. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe isoenzymes of acid and alkaline phosphatases and their histochemical localization were studied by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis in four species of trematodes:Gigantocotyle explanatumfrom the liver andGastrothylax crumeniferfrom the rumen of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) andEchinostoma malayanumandFasciolopsis buskifrom the small intestine of the pig (Sus scrofa). Both acid and alkaline phosphatases were present in the tegument, gastrodermis, suckers, testes, ovary, eggs, vitellaria and uterus but alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrated only in the parenchyma and excretory ducts. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two to four isoenzymes for both acid and alkaline phosphatase.
On two new Coenuri from Africa, and a note on the development of the hooks
Authors: Clapham Phyllis A. 
Published: November 2009

Two new species of Multiceps are described. M. macracantha n. sp. a parasite of the white rat in Rhodesia, is distinguished by the possession of very large hooks. M. otomys n. sp. from a mouse, Otomys erroratus in Pretoria; has fairly large hooks of a characteristic appearance and shape.The fact that the large taeniid hook appears to develop from at least two centres of chitinization is noted.
On the lethal effect of Sulphur Dioxide on eelworm Cysts adherent to Seed Potatoes
Authors: Fenwick D. W. 
Published: November 2009

1. “In vitro” experiments show that sulphur dioxide is very lethal to cysts of the potato eelworm. Its effect is very much more potent under moist conditions than under dry. The other factors, concentration and time are secondary in their action as compared with humidity.2. Fumigation of seed potatoes for 24 hours under conditions appropriate to bacterial fumigation results in the complete destruction of the cysts adherent to them.3. The sulphur dioxide fumigation is without any significant effect on the tubers provided it is carried out previous to chitting. It has little if any effect on the chitting power of the potato but is lethal to any chits already formed.
Do cultural factors predict mammography behaviour among Korean immigrants in the USA?
Authors: Lee Hanju , Kim Jiyun , Han Hae‐Ra 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTitle.  Do cultural factors predict mammography behaviour among Korean immigrants in the USA? Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of the correlates of mammogram use among Korean American women.Background.  Despite the increasing incidence of and mortality from breast cancer, Asian women in the United States of America report consistently low rates of mammography screening. A number of health beliefs and sociodemographic characteristics have been associated with mammogram participation among these women. However, studies systematically investigating cultural factors in relation to mammogram experience have been scarce.Methods.  We measured screening‐related health beliefs, modesty and use of Eastern medicine in 100 Korean American women in 2006. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine the unique contribution of the study variables, after accounting for sociodemographic characteristics.Findings.  Only 51% reported past mammogram use. Korean American women who had previously had mammograms were statistically significantly older and had higher perceived benefit scores than those who had not. Perceived benefits (odds ratio = 6·3, 95% confidence interval = 2·12, 18·76) and breast cancer susceptibility (odds ratio = 3·18, 95% confidence interval = 1·06, 9·59) were statistically significant correlates of mammography experience, whereas cultural factors did not correlate. Post hoc analysis showed that for women with some or good English skills, cultural factors statistically significantly correlated with health beliefs and breast cancer knowledge (P < 0·05).Conclusion.  Nurses should consider the inclusion in culturally tailored interventions of more targeted outreach and healthcare system navigation assistance for promoting mammography screening in Korean American women. Further research is needed to unravel the interplay between acculturation, cultural factors and health beliefs related to cancer screening behaviours of Korean American women.
Communication competence within dietetics: dietitians’ and clients’ views about the unspoken dialogue – the impact of personal presentation
Authors: Cant R. P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:  Although client communications are affected by clients’ assumptions about professionals’ characteristics drawn from dress attire, little is known about how this dialogue operates in dietetics. The present study aimed to describe how dietitians and their clients interpret this dialogue and to explore the implications for practice.Methods:  A purposive quota sample of dietitians (n = 46) from 21 health services in one state of Australia and a quota of their adult patients (n = 34) were interviewed about dietitians’ nutrition education roles. Semi‐structured interviews were transcribed and identified themes developed into a questionnaire to survey Australian dietitians. Analysis used frequencies and nonparametric statistics (P <0.05). Triangulation of the results obtained from the studies revealed a strong agreement between data sources.Results:  Dietitians’ dress attire was perceived as a key source of nonverbal communications by dietetics clients. This was recognised by 75% of the 256 dietitians who were surveyed nationally. Dietitians favoured a professional style (i.e. skirt or slacks, with top). Many clients rejected formal dress (i.e. suit, high heels) as being a potential communication barrier. Some clients viewed dietitians’ bodily size/shape as a role model. Implications of dietitians’ presentation (i.e. how you look) were important to both clients and dietitians.Conclusion:  Dress style is implicated in nonverbal communication dialogues between the dietitian and client. As a matter of competence and to maintain congruency in communication, dietitians should be aware of their clients’ preferences for formality of dress, and conduct their attire accordingly.
Prevalence of temporomandibular disorder signs in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: GURBUZ O. , ALATAS G. , KURT E. 
Published: November 2009

Summary  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) signs in a group of institutionalized patients with schizophrenia. Three hundred thirty‐nine patients with schizophrenia were examined and compared with 107 age‐matched and gender‐matched control subjects. TMD signs were evaluated according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria to assess temporomandibular joint pain to palpation, limitation of maximum mouth opening, alteration of mouth opening pathway (deviation/deflection) and temporomandibular joint noises. In addition, tooth wear was recorded for the assessment of bruxism. The prevalence of any TMD signs was observed higher (P = 0·001) in the patients with schizophrenia (284/339, 83·7%) than in the controls (72/107, 67·3%). The prevalence of more than one TMD sign was also significantly higher (P = 0·03) in the patients with schizophrenia (131/339, 38·6%) than in the controls (29/107, 27·1%). Significant differences between the two groups were apparent for joint pain on palpation (P = 0·006), deflection (P = 0·006) and joint sounds (P = 0·002). Severe tooth wear was evident in 39·2% of the patients with schizophrenia compared with 21·2% in the control group (P = 0·001). The finding of the present study showed that, compared to control population, chronically hospitalized patients with schizophrenia seem to be more prone to the development of TMD signs and severe tooth wear and bruxism.
Distribution and severity of damage by Cryphonectria parasitica in the chestnut stands in Guilan province, Iran
Authors: Ghezi E. , Khodaparast S. A. , Zare R. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryChestnut blight caused by Cryphonectria parasitica has recently been reported from Guilan province, the only region with natural chestnut (Castanea sativa) stands in Iran. During the past few years, chestnut stands in Iran have been seriously threatened by the fungus, incidence of the disease is increasing and vast canopies are reduced to sprouts. As yet, there is no report on the disease distribution and severity in this region. Six sites from three main growing regions of chestnut in Guilan province were selected for investigation. We report occurrence and evaluation of the damage of the disease caused by C. parasitica. To evaluate the scale of damage, the investigated trees were classified into six categories based on the degree of crown damage, the number of canker wounds and the presence of the fungus. Index of health condition was calculated for all sites. During this study, a total of 250 isolates of Cryphonectria species were obtained, of which 232 isolates were C. parasitica and 18 were Cryphonectria radicalis. Castanea parasitica was observed in all regions. Index of health condition was scored from 0 to 6 with 0 being disease free and six being the most severe infection. Index results in the investigated sites varied between 0.69–5.45 and 0.93–5.55 for years 2006 and 2007, respectively. The highest damage was found in Doran (IH = 5.55), which is located some 100 km away from Shahbalutmahalleh, the site with lowest damage (IH = 0.93). This is the first extended report on aspects of chestnut blight in Iran.
Levels of encapsulation and melanization in Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) parasitized and envenomated by Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Uçkan F. , Er A. , Ergin E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe endoparasitic wasp Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) injects its pupal host with venom during oviposition. Venom from P. turionellae has previously been shown to contain a mixture of biologically active components, which display potent paralytic, cytotoxic and cytolytic effects towards lepidopteran and dipteran hosts. This study was undertaken to investigate if parasitism and/or envenomation by P. turionellae affects the encapsulation and melanization responses of its host Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in larval and pupal stages. Analysis of the effects of venom on encapsulation and melanization of the Sephadex A‐25 beads revealed that the number of beads strongly encapsulated and melanized were reduced by more than 50% at 4 and 24 h post‐venom injection into pupae. Injection of a lethal dose of venom (0.5 venom reservoir equivalent) in the last instar larvae was sufficient to reduce the ability of haemocytes to encapsulate the beads by more than 50% at 4 h post‐injection. Similar results were also obtained when beads were recovered from parasitized pupae indicating that parasitization by P. turionellae suppressed haemocyte‐mediated encapsulation in G. mellonella. We found that the cellular defence reactions occur more rapidly in larvae compared with pupae of G. mellonella, indicating the higher susceptibility of pupal haemocytes to parasitism and venom injection.
Spontaneous animal model, ddY mouse, for studying the pathogenesis and treatment in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: TOMINO YASUHIKO 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT:Immunoglobulin (Ig)A nephropathy has the highest incidence among the various forms glomerulonephritis in the world. The initiating and progressive factors in patients with IgA nephropathy are still obscure. Although there is no specific treatment for patients with IgA nephropathy at present, more clinical trials of new treatments are warranted for such patients. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify those factors and to develop more effective drugs using a spontaneous animal model, the ddY mouse, in the future.
Impact of laparoscopic surgery on the long‐term outcomes for patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Kim Jun‐Gi , Heo Youn‐Jung , Son Gyung‐Mo , Lee Yoon‐Suk , Lee In‐Kyu , Suh Young‐Jin , Cho Hyeon‐Min , Chun Chung‐Soo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:  This 20‐year retrospective study compared the results of laparoscopic surgery with open surgery for patients with rectal cancer to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic surgery on long‐term oncological outcomes for rectal cancer.Methods:  We analysed survival data collected over 20 years for patients with rectal cancer (n= 407) according to surgical methods and tumour stage between those treated with laparoscopic surgery (n= 272) and those with open surgery (n= 135). Clinical factors were analysed to ascertain possible risk factors that might have been associated with survival from and recurrence of rectal cancer. A multivariate analysis was applied by using Cox's regression model to determine the impact of laparoscopic surgery on long‐term oncological outcomes.Results:  Overall survival, disease‐specific survival and disease‐free survival rates were statistically higher in the laparoscopic group than in the open‐surgery group. The incidence of local recurrence in the laparoscopic group (7.9%; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 4.2–11.5) was significantly lower than that for the open‐surgery group (30.2%; 95% CI, 21.0–39.3; P < 0.001). By using a multivariate analysis, laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer appeared not to be an independent factor for disease‐specific survival or disease‐free survival. However, the laparoscopic surgery was an independent factor associated with reduced local recurrence (Hazard ratio (HR), 3.408; 95% CI, 1.890–6.149; P < 0.001).Conclusion:  Laparoscopic surgery did not adversely affect the long‐term oncological outcome for patients with rectal cancer.
Overexpression of GAP‐43 modifies the distribution of the receptors for myelin‐associated growth‐inhibitory proteins in injured Purkinje axons
Authors: Foscarin Simona , Gianola Sara , Carulli Daniela , Fazzari Pietro , Mi Sha , Tamagnone Luca , Rossi Ferdinando 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNeurons with enhanced intrinsic growth capabilities can elongate their axons into non‐permissive territories, but the mechanisms that enable the outgrowing processes to overcome environmental inhibition are largely unknown. To address this issue, we examined adult mouse Purkinje cells that overexpress the axonal growth‐associated protein GAP‐43. After injury, these neurons exhibit sprouting along the intracortical neuritic course and at the severed stump in the white matter. To determine whether GAP‐43‐overexpressing Purkinje cells are responsive to extrinsic inhibitory cues, we investigated the content and subcellular localization of major receptors for myelin‐associated inhibitory proteins, PlexinB1 and the Nogo receptor (NgR) with the related co‐receptors LINGO‐1 and p75. Expression of these molecules, estimated by measuring perikaryal immunostaining intensity and Western blot, was not different in wild‐type or transgenic mice, and it was not overtly modified after axotomy. Following injury, however, the content of PlexinB1 was significantly reduced in GAP‐43‐overexpressing neurites. Furthermore, in the same axons the distribution of both PlexinB1 and NgR was altered, being inverse to that of GAP‐43. Labelling for the two receptors was conspicuously reduced on the axonal surface and it was almost undetectable in the outgrowing sprouts, which showed strong GAP‐43 immunoreactivity. These observations indicate that although GAP‐43 overexpression does not modify the expression of receptors for myelin‐associated inhibitory factors, it interferes with their subcellular localization and exposure on the neuritic membrane. Therefore, GAP‐43 promotes axon growth by multiple synergistic mechanisms that potentiate the intrinsic motility of the elongating processes, while reducing their sensitivity to environmental inhibition.