bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An influence of preheating composites on microleakage- An invitro study
Authors: Navalagunda Preeti S , Prasad B.S Keshava 
Published: June 2024

Resin composites have become one of the widely used restorative materials in the field of dentistry. Resin composite Pre-heating is a recent innovative method that is clinically beneficial by improving handling and marginal adaptation of the resin to the tooth. The study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the degree of microleakage in resin composite restorations. In the present study, Class 1 cavity was prepared in 30 extracted non-carious human premolars and divided into two groups. Group A (n=15) - filled with nano-hybrid resin composite (3M™ Filtek™ Z350 XT Universal Composite) at room temperature. Group B (n=15) - filled with the same resin preheated and then checked for micro-leakage under SEM. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the mean Marginal Leakage scores between the 2 groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the micro-leakage score between group A and group B. Group B showed minimal or no micro-leakage in comparison to Group A. Preheating the resin composite has better adaptability to the walls thus reducing micro-leakage and postoperative sensitivity.
Quest for hidden alley- hide & Seek in mandibular anteriors
Authors: Priya Shanmuga , Warhadpande Manjusha M , Dakshindas Darshan M , Raina Sadhana 
Published: June 2024

Failure is the good teacher than success. When returning to the root canal system for retreatment, there is always a lesson to be learned. An often cited reason for endodontic failure is the inability to identify, access, treat, and fill every single canal. Mandibular incisor teeth are not an outlier to this rule. Mandibular incisors are one such tooth which is regarded as least difficult for endodontic treatment. But the intricacy of the mandibular incisors internal anatomy presents us with various challenges during root canal treatment. Prevention of missing anatomy commences with adequate pre-operative radiographs, notwithstanding the limitations of radiography in estimating the number of canals and the presence of auxiliary canals and anastomoses. Without a second thought, a correct access cavity preparation is crucial to localising the root canal orifices, and this also calls for a comprehension of the tooth's internal architecture. This case series highlights the non- surgical endodontic retreatment of mandibular incisors with missed canal.
Fermentation Products, Microbial Protein Synthesis, and Hydrolytic Enzymes Activity of Rumen Fluids Local Beef Cattle Supplemented by Direct-Fed Microbials and Waru Leaf Flour
Authors: Nursetiyadi Dhany , Bata Muhammad , Rahayu Sri 
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Waru Leaf Flour (WLF) and Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM) supplementation on volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia (N-NH3) concentrations, total protozoa, microbial protein synthesis (MPS), and the specific activity of cellulase, amylase, protease in rumen fluids of local beef cattle. The study was conducted as an experimental investigation using a factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD). The first factor were three levels of DFM (P) mixed with rice straw (0%, 0.5%, and 1% dry matter of rice straw). The second factor consisted of three levels of WLF supplementation (D) in concentrates (0%, 0.24%, and 0.48% of dry matter concentrate). This resulted nine treatment groups, each it replicated three times.The diet composition consisted of rice straw and concentrate at 40:60 ratio (% dry matter). The interaction between DFM and WLF had a statistically significant impact (p<0.01) on the rumen fluid's total protozoa, N-NH3, and protein content. However, this interaction was not statistically significant (P>0.05) in relation to VFA, MPS, cellulase, amylase, and protease activity. While no significant interaction were observed for total VFA, cellulase, amylase, and protease, DFM supplementation had a statistically significant effect (P<0.01) on reducing enzymes activity, and total VFA (P<0.05). SDS-PAGE and zymography analyzes showed two protease molecules at all treatments with molecular weight of 144 kDa and 133 kDa, cellulase molecules at 62-67 kDa and 19-21 kDa respectively. The addition of DFM showed a new protease band, they had a measurement of 14 and 25 kDa.This study provides valuable insights into enzyme activities in rumen, particularly protease, cellulase, and amylase. The results suggest that the combination of 0.24% WLF and 0.5% DFM supplementation holds promise for optimizing rumen conditions and improving the performance of local beef cattle.
Short-term inhalation of xenon during anesthesia for prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical colectomy: study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Cheng Yi , Gao Ying , Liu Gu-Yue , Xue Fu-Shan , Jin Mu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication that is characterized by acute onset of impaired cognitive function and is associated with an increased mortality, a prolonged duration of hospital stay and additional healthcare expenditures. The incidence of POD in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical colectomy ranges from 8% to 54%. Xenon has been shown a neuroprotection in various neural injury models, but the clinic researches assessing the preventive effect of xenon inhalation on the occurrence of POD obtain the controversial findings. This study aims to investigate the effects of a short xenon inhalation on the occurrence of POD in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical colectomy.
Methods/Design: This is a prospective, randomized, controlled trial and 132 patients aged 65-80 years and scheduled for laparoscopic radical colectomy will be enrolled. The participants will be randomly assigned to either the control group or the xenon group (n=66 in each group). The primary outcome will be the incidence of POD in the first 5 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes will include the subtype, severity and duration of POD, postoperative pain score, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PQSI), perioperative non-delirium complications, and economic parameters. Additionally, the study will investigate the activation of microglial cells, expression of inflammatory factors in colon tissues, plasma inflammatory factors and neurochemical markers.
Discussion: Elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic radical colectomy are at a high risk of POD, with delayed postoperative recovery and increased healthcare costs. The primary objective of this study is to determine the preventive effect of a short xenon inhalation on the occurrence of POD in these patients.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ID: ChiCTR2300076666, registered on October 16, 2023, http://www. chictr.org.cn.
crossSampler – A Convolution Cross-Synthesis Musical Instrument
Authors: Eadie Jimmy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Convolutional Cross Synthesis (CCS) has emerged as a powerful technique for blending input signals to create hybrid sounds. It has significantly expanded the horizons of digital signal processing, enabling artists to explore novel audio effects. However, the conventional applications of CCS primarily revolve around reverberation and room simulation, rather than being utilized as a creative synthesis method. In this paper, we present the design of a digital instrument CrossSampler that harnesses a parametric approach to convolution cross synthesis which involves using adjustable parameters to control the blending of audio signals through convolution. These parameters allow for customization of the resulting sound, offering greater creative control and flexibility. It enables users to shape the output by manipulating factors such as duration, intensity, and spectral characteristics. This approach facilitates experimentation and exploration in sound design and opens new sonic possibilities.
Influence of physical exercise patterns on musculoskeletal pain among Chinese medical students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zheng Lianshuai , Chen Xu , Rong Xueyuan , Meng Yao , Jiao Lina , Yan Dongmei , Cui Jizheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

During January-April 2020, COVID-19 pandemic occurred in East China, and many medical students, implemented a home protection policy, resulting in significant changes in their physical exercise and lifestyle habits. This study aims to analyze the effects of physical exercise habits in their normal school life, changes in physical exercise and lifestyle habits during home protection on the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) from multiple perspectives, and to provide new clues for the search of risk factors for MSP and alternative solutions for the prevention. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 900 randomly selected medical students of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China who had taken home protection using questionnaires. The presence of MSP in 9 body regions in the last 7 days was collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). The prevalence of MSP during home protection was 40.2% (n = 345; 95% CI 36.9%-43.4%). Multi-factor logistic regression analysis revealed that the females (OR 1.391; 95% CI 1.006–1.922), irregular physical exercise in school life (OR 1.648; 95% CI 1.157–2.347), and less than 6 hours of sleep per day during home protection (OR 1.474; 95% CI 1.020–2.131) were found to be risk factors for MSP.
Design of reconfigurable and adjustable diplexer with very high isolation for both (L, S) bands applications based on pseudocombline structure
Authors: Alabedi Yasir , Makki Seyed Vahab AL-Din , Alkhafaji Nasr 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In this paper, a 5-pole reconfigurable and tunable diplexer with high isolation based on a pseudo-combline structure is designed and simulated. The proposed diplexer has two BPFs for both channels that operate at specific bands S (2 GHz) and L (3.5 GHz). A new class of feed section is proposed to increase the matching level between BPFs to make them operate at the desired frequencies. Varactor diodes are used to obtain the tunability property for the proposed diplexer, where they can tune the two bands of the diplexer to different frequencies. Also, for reconfigurability, a pin diode can be used as a switch in the feed section between to BPFs. The proposed diplexer has a compact size (46.12*40.49) mm; the insertion loss of two channels is 0.86, 0.39 dB; and the return loss is 12.24, 18.47 dB. Finally, the proposed diplexer has the highest isolation between TX and RX ports (more than 69 dB), which is higher than other related works.
Combined baicalin-zinc hyaluronate treatment of psoriasis in mice
Authors: fu xuedan , Li Jiazheng , Cui Zhao , Lu Weiwen , Liu Xin , Zhang Lan , Xiao Wan , Lv Huixia , Zhang Zhenhai , Ju Jianming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory skin disease for which there is no cure. Baicalin is a flavonoid active ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria baicalensis. The plant, or baicalin, has good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, with certain therapeutic effects on psoriasis. Zinc hyaluronate has moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-repairing effects and has potential in the treatment of psoriasis.
Methods
We utilized the pH sensitivity of baicalin solubility and combined it with zinc hyaluronate to obtain a baicalin-zinc hyaluronate hydrogel. A mouse psoriasis model was established using imiquimod. The extent of skin lesions, inflammatory responses, and expression of related proteins in psoriatic mice were also investigated to determine the therapeutic effect of baicalin-zinc hyaluronate hydrogel on psoriasis and its effect on related pathways.
Results
The combination of baicalin and zinc hyaluronate significantly reduced the psoriasis symptoms in mice. It improved imiquimod-induced inflammatory responses and modulated the IL-23/IL-17 axis to attenuate the expression of psoriasis-associated inflammatory factors.
Conclusion
The combination of baicalin and zinc hyaluronate better regulated the IL-23/IL-17 axis, thereby ameliorating imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice. These findings provide a reference for the development of subsequent baicalin formulations and the clinical treatment of psoriasis.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Fibromyalgia-like Syndrome in Patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of Sars-Cov-2: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zulbaran-Rojas Alejandro , Bara Rasha , Lee Myeounggon , Bargas-Ochoa Miguel , Phan Tina , Pacheco Manuel , Camargo Areli Flores , Kazmi Syed Murtaza , Rouzi Mohammad Dehghan , Modi Dipaben , Shaib Fidaa , Najafi Bijan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for fibromyalgia-like symptoms including chronic widespread pain, fatigue, and gait impairment in twenty-five individuals with Post-Acute Sequelae of Sars-Cov-2 (PASC). Participants were randomized to a high dose (intervention group, IG) or low dose (placebo group, PG) TENS device. Both groups received daily 3–5 hours of TENS therapy for 4-weeks. The Brief Pain Inventory assessed functional interference from pain (BPI-I), and pain severity (BPI-S). The global fatigue index (GFI) assessed functional interference from fatigue. Wearable technology measured gait parameters during three 30-feet consecutive walking tasks. At 4-weeks, the IG exhibited a greater decrease in BPI-I compared to the PG (mean difference = 2.61, p = 0.008), and improved in gait parameters including stride time (4%-8%, test condition dependent), cadence (4%-10%, depending on condition), and double-support phase (12% in dual-task) when compared to baseline. A sub-group meeting the American College of Rheumatology Fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria undergoing high-dose TENS showed GFI improvement at 4-weeks from baseline (mean change = 6.08, p = 0.005). Daily TENS therapy showed potential in reducing functional interference from pain, fatigue, and gait alterations in PASC individuals. The study's limited power could affect the confirmation of certain observations. Extending the intervention period may improve treatment effectiveness.
Trends in Maternal Body Mass Index, Macrosomia and Caesarean Section in First-Time Mothers during the pandemic: a Multicentre Retrospective Cohort Study of 12 Melbourne Public Hospitals.
Authors: Goldsack Andrew , Marzan Melvin , Rolnik Daniel , Lindquist Anthea , Said Joanne , Palmer Kirsten , Sheehan Penelope , Potenza Stephanie , Pritchard Natasha , Whitehead Clare , Ford Jolyon , Mol Ben , Walker Susan , Hui Lisa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective: To compare specific perinatal outcomes in nulliparas with a singleton infant in cephalic presentation at term, with and without exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic during pregnancy. We hypothesised that the pandemic conditions in Melbourne may have been an independent contributor to trends in maternal Body Mass Index ≥25kg/m2, macrosomia and caesarean section.
Design: Multi-centre retrospective cohort study with interrupted time-series analysis.
Setting: Metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria.
Population: Singleton infants ≥20 weeks gestational age born between 1 January 2019 and 31 March 2022.
Main outcome measures: Rates of maternal Body Mass Index ≥25kg/m2, macrosomia (birthweight >4000g) and caesarean section.
Results: 25 897 individuals gave birth for the first time to a singleton infant in cephalic presentation at term in the pre-pandemic cohort, and 25 298 in the pandemic-exposed cohort. Compared with the pre-pandemic cohort, the rate of maternal Body Mass Index ≥25kg/m2 (45.82% vs 44.57%, p=0.005), the rate of caesarean section (33.09% vs 30.80%, p<0.001) and the rate macrosomia (8.55% vs 7.99%, p=0.1) were higher among the pandemic-exposed cohort. Interrupted time-series analysis demonstrated no significant additional effect of the pandemic on pre-existing upward trends in maternal Body Mass Index ≥25kg/m2, caesarean section and macrosomia.
Conclusions: Rates of Body Mass Index ≥25kg/m2 and caesarean section among nulliparous individuals during pregnancy were higher following the pandemic in Melbourne. However, this appears to be a continuation of pre-existing upward trends, with no significant independent contribution from the pandemic. These trends are forecast to continue, with long term implications for population health.
Evaluation of reduced graphene oxide from cotton waste as an efficient phenol adsorbent in aqueous media
Authors: de Jesus Lucas Antônio da Silva , Cabral Rivaldo Leonn Bezerra , Ferreira Myllena Kely Pereira , Souza Domingos Fabiano de Santana , Galvão Edney Rafael Viana Pinheiro , Rios Rafael Barbosa , Nascimento José Heriberto Oliveira do 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The elimination of organic substances, as well as phenol, in conventional and biological process, has been considered a challenge for the petroleum industry due to the significant oxygen demand in the receiving bodies of water and its toxicity to aquatic life. In this work, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), obtained from cellulosic biomass (CB-rGO), as cotton waste, was employed as a phenol adsorbent in an aqueous solution simulating refinery effluent. The CB-rGO was characterized using HRTEM, RAMAN, XRD, FTIR, BET and Zeta analysis. The behavior of variables such as pH, contact time, temperature, CB-rGO mass and adsorbate concentration on the characteristics of the adsorption process were continuously investigated. These parameters of the adsorption process were evaluated across a range of adsorbent concentrations from 100–300 mg.L− 1, pH in the range of 2–11, contact time of 20–60 min and temperature of 20–60°C. The adsorption isotherm data were better described by the Freundlich equation compared to the Langmuir and Sips models, despite the negligible difference in R2 values. Additionally, the kinetics study of confirmed pseudo-second order as the most appropriate model. Mechanism diffusion was analyzed using the Boyd model and confirmed to be the rate-limiting step in the adsorption process. The endothermic nature of this CB-rGO adsorption process with phenol was confirmed by verifying the thermodynamic data. This successful removal of phenol from synthetic effluent highlights the promising potential of this emerging adsorbent compared to other materials identified to remove this contaminant.
Marginal Fit of Single-Crown and Three-unit Fixed Dental Prostheses Fabricated from Digital and Conventional Impressions: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Maundu Catherine Nthenya , Osiro Olivia Awino , Nyaga James Muriithi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
There is a need for evidence on the quality of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated using either digital or conventional impressions. This study aimed to evaluate the marginal fit of single-crown and three-unit FDPs fabricated from digital and conventional impressions.
Methods
Crown preparations were made on a maxillary typodont model. Four scanners [Dental Wings (DW), Carestream 3600 (CS), Medit i700 (M700) and Medit i500 (M500)] were used to record digital impressions of the preparations, without definitive casts. Conventional impressions using polyether monophase impression material, were also made and stone casts fabricated and scanned using a laboratory scanner. Stereolithography files and CAD-CAM were used to produce 50 zirconia FDPs − 25 each of single crowns and three-unit FDP frameworks. The marginal fit of the prostheses was determined by marginal gap measurements while seated on the typodont, a gap of ≤ 150µm being deemed acceptable. Results were summarized as means, standard deviations, medians and interquartile ranges. The independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal‒Wallis test followed by Tukey’s and Dunn’s post hoc tests were performed for hypothesis testing at α < 0.05.
Results
The respective marginal fits for single crowns and FDPs were 151.3 ± 60.1µm and 153.9 ± 50.1µm (polyether), 185.0 ± 63.7µm and 224.2 ± 81.7µm (DW), 177.1 ± 81.3µm and 146.4 ± 44.9µm (CS), 158.0 ± 48.7µm and 184.3 ± 86.2µm (M700), and 195.9 ± 61.7µm and 202.8 ± 71.1µm (M500). The margins of single crowns were significantly different among the five impression methods (F = 2.54, p = 0.042; χ2 = 14.68, p = 0.005) but not among the four digital methods (F = 1.83, p = 0.146), with the specific differences being between polyether and DW (p < 0.01) and between polyether and M500 (p < 0.001). The margins of the three-unit prostheses were significantly different among all five impression methods (F = 13.52, χ2 = 46.64, p < 0.001) and the four digital methods (F = 12.32, p < 0.001). The specific differences were between polyether and DW (p < 0.001), M700 (p = 0.02) and M500 (p < 0.001), respectively; between CS and the other three digital methods (DW, p < 0.001; M700, p = 0.024; M500, p < 0.001); and between DW and M700 (p = 0.016).
Conclusion
Considering the standard deviations, all five impression techniques produced FDPs with acceptable marginal gaps. Significant differences were observed between conventional and digital impression techniques, with Polyether and CS producing single-crown and three-unit FDPs having the least marginal gaps, respectively.
Ultra-sensitive nitrate-ion detection via transconductance enhanced graphene ion-sensitive field-effect transistors
Authors: Cui Tianhong , Xu Yingming , Zhou Peng , Simon Terrence 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Current potentiometric sensing methods are limited to detecting nitrate at part-per-billion (sub-micromolar) concentrations, and there are no existing potentiometric chemical sensors with ultralow detection limits below part-per-trillion (picomolar) level. To address these challenges, we integrate interdigital graphene ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) with a nitrate ion-sensitive membrane (ISM). The work aims to maximize nitrate ion transport through the nitrate ISM, while achieving high device transconductance by studying graphene layer thickness, optimizing channel width-to-length ratio (RWL), and enlarging total sensing area. The captured nitrate ions by the nitrate ISM induce surface potential changes that are transduced into electrical signals by graphene, manifested as the Dirac point shifts. The device exhibits Nernst response behavior under ultralow concentrations, achieving a sensitivity of 28 mV/decade and establishing a record low limit of detection of 0.041 ppt (4.8×10− 13 M). Additionally, the sensor showed a wide linear detection range from 0.1 ppt (1.2×10− 12 M) to 100 ppm (1.2×10− 3 M). Furthermore, successful detection of nitrate in tap and snow water was demonstrated with high accuracy, indicating promising applications to drinking water safety and environmental water quality control.