bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thiols, Selenols, Sulfides, Selenides, Sulfoxides, Selenoxides, Sulfones, and Selenones
Authors: BAIRD C. P. , RAYNER C. M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Biosynthesis of Polyketides
Authors: RUECK‐BRAUN K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Critical Assessment of Classical and Semiclassical Models for Electron Transfer Reactions in Solution
Authors: FORMOSINHO S. J. , ARNAUT L. G. , FAUSTO R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Recent developments in CE‐based detection methods for food‐borne pathogens
Authors: Shin Gi Won , Hwang Hee Sung , Chung Boram , Jung Gyoo Yeol 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRapid and sensitive detection of food‐borne pathogens is critical for food safety from the viewpoint of both the public health professionals and the food industry. Conventional method is, however, known to be labor‐intensive, time‐consuming, and expensive due to the separate cultivation and biochemical assay. Many relevant technologies, such as flow cytometry, MALDI‐MS, ESI‐MS, DNA microarray, and CE, have been intensively developed to date. Among them, CE is considered to be the most efficient and reproducible because of low sample loss and simple automation. CE‐based pathogen detection methods can be classified into three categories based on the separation targets: cell separation, nucleic‐acid‐based identification, and protein separation coupled with characterization. In this review, recent developments in each sphere of CE‐based technology are discussed. Additionally, the critical features of each approach and necessary future technical improvements are also reviewed.
Separation of phenolic acids and flavone natural antioxidants by two‐dimensional method combining liquid chromatography and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography
Authors: Česla Petr , Fischer Jan , Jandera Pavel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA 2‐D method was developed for separation of phenolic acids and flavone compounds combining LC with MEKC. The effect of substituted neutral and anionic CD additives to the background electrolyte on the quality of MEKC separation was investigated. The best selectivity of the MEKC separation was achieved in 25 mmol/L borate background buffer at pH 9.05 with the addition of 10 g/L SDS and 1.85 g/L heptakis (6‐O‐sulfo)‐β‐CD. These conditions were used in the second dimension of 2‐D combination of LC and MEKC separation in combination with a PEG column in the first dimension, providing the best orthogonality (the lowest degree of correlation between the selectivity of separation) in the two dimensions. A CE autosampler was employed as the interface between LC and MEKC steps based on automated fraction collection before the re‐analysis of the collected LC fractions in the second, MEKC dimension. The 2‐D method under optimized conditions was applied for the separation of natural antioxidants in the samples of green tea.
Capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of contaminants in emerging food safety issues and food traceability
Authors: Vallejo‐Cordoba Belinda , González‐Córdova Aarón F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis review presents an overview of the applicability of CE in the analysis of chemical and biological contaminants involved in emerging food safety issues. Additionally, CE‐based genetic analyzers' usefulness as a unique tool in food traceability verification systems was presented. First, analytical approaches for the determination of melamine and specific food allergens in different foods were discussed. Second, natural toxin analysis by CE was updated from the last review reported in 2008. Finally, the analysis of prion proteins associated with the “mad cow” crises and the application of CE‐based genetic analyzers for meat traceability were summarized.
Quality assurance of specialised treatment of eating disorders using large‐scale internet‐based collection systems: Methods, results and lessons learned from designing the Stepwise database
Authors: Birgegård Andreas , Björck Caroline , Clinton David 
Published: June 2010

AbstractComputer‐based quality assurance of specialist eating disorder (ED) care is a possible way of meeting demands for evaluating the real‐life effectiveness of treatment, in a large‐scale, cost‐effective and highly structured way. The Internet‐based Stepwise system combines clinical utility for patients and practitioners, and provides research‐quality naturalistic data. Stepwise was designed to capture relevant variables concerning EDs and general psychiatric status, and the database can be used for both clinical and research purposes. The system comprises semi‐structured diagnostic interviews, clinical ratings and self‐ratings, automated follow‐up schedules, as well as administrative functions to facilitate registration compliance. As of June 2009, the system is in use at 20 treatment units and comprises 2776 patients. Diagnostic distribution (including subcategories of eating disorder not otherwise specified) and clinical characteristics are presented, as well as data on registration compliance. Obstacles and keys to successful implementation of the Stepwise system are discussed, including possible gains and on‐going challenges inherent in large‐scale, Internet‐based quality assurance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Making eating disorders classification work in ICD‐11
Authors: Nicholls Dasha , Arcelus Jon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe time has come again for the revision of the existing classifications systems and the creation of new versions, DSM‐V and ICD‐11. In September 2009, an initial call for comments and views regarding the development of the ICD‐11 was made to the Eating Disorders Section of the Royal College of Psychiatry. This Viewpoint summarises the main points collected from child and adolescents and eating disorder (ED) psychiatrists in response to this consultation, outlines some proposals for modification of the relevant section(s) of ICD‐11 and gives our views. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Verbal memory improved by D‐amphetamine: influence of the testing effect
Authors: Zeeuws Inge , Deroost Natacha , Soetens Eric 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe improvement of long‐term retention of verbal memory after an acute administration of D‐amphetamine in recall and recognition tasks has been ascribed to an influence of the drug on memory consolidation. Because recent research has demonstrated that intermediate testing is of overriding importance for retention, we investigated whether D‐amphetamine modulates the repeated testing effect in verbal long‐term recognition.MethodForty men participated in two double blind placebo controlled studies. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the number of recognition tests and in Experiment 2, we compared repeated with nonrepeated testing of the same items.ResultsDrug effects were observed on delayed tests only, leaving immediate recognition unaffected. Number of intermediate recognition tests and repeated testing of the same items were not affected by D‐amphetamine.ConclusionsWe conclude that the D‐amphetamine memory enhancement is not related to the testing effect. This result supports that D‐amphetamine modulates other aspects of the consolidation process, probably related to context effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐dose pharmacokinetics of paliperidone extended‐release tablets in healthy Chinese subjects
Authors: Tianmei Si , Liang Shu , Yi Liu , Yun'Ai Su , Chunmei Guo , Hongyan Zhang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectivePaliperidone is the active metabolite of risperidone. This single‐center, double‐blind, randomized, single‐dose study characterized the pharmacokinetics of 3 mg and 9 mg of paliperidone ER OROS® in healthy Chinese subjects.Methods24 subjects (13 male, 11 female), aged 19–35 years, with a BMI of 19.0–24.6 kg/m2 participated. Blood samples were collected immediately before and over 96 h following single oral doses of 3 mg and 9 mg paliperidone. Plasma paliperidone concentrations were determined, and pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed.ResultsPaliperidone's disposition after oral administration was characterized by a one‐compartment pharmacokinetic model. Paliperidone was well absorbed (median tmax: 24 h after a 3‐mg dose, and 26 h after a 9‐mg dose). Apparent clearance and apparent volume of distribution were not significantly different between the two doses. Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ were dose‐dependent. Pharmacokinetics was linear with respect to time; Geometric mean t1/2 was 22.8 h and 21.4 h in 3‐mg and 9‐mg groups, respectively. No clinically significant safety issues were identified.ConclusionsThe pharmacokinetic results obtained in Chinese subjects were similar to those obtained in Japanese and Caucasian subjects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequential Assembly of the Wedge of the Baseplate of Phage T4 in the Presence and Absence of Gp11 as Monitored by Analytical Ultracentrifugation
Authors: Yap Moh Lan , Mio Kazuhiro , Ali Said , Minton Allen , Kanamaru Shuji , Arisaka Fumio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe baseplate wedge of bacteriophage T4 consists of seven gene products, namely, gp11, gp10, gp7, gp8, gp6, gp53, and gp25, which assemble strictly in this order with an exception that gp11 can bind to gp10 at any stage of the assembly. In this study, all the seven corresponding genes are expressed as recombinant proteins and all the possible combinations of the gene products are tested for interactions by analytical ultracentrifugation. No interactions among gene products that violate the strict sequential binding are observed except that gp6, gp53, and gp25 interact with each other weakly, but significantly. However, when gp6 is previously bound to the precursor complex, only gp53 binds to gp6 strongly and then gp25 binds to complete the wedge formation. This result indicates that the strict sequential association is based on the conformational change of the complex upon addition of each gene product. The binding constant between subunits in the intermediate complexes is too high to be measured. In fact, the binding of gp11 to gp10 is so tight that the binding constant could not be determined by trace sedimentation equilibrium. Also, no indication of dissociation of the intermediate complexes is found in sedimentation velocity, which indicates that other subunit interactions in the intermediate complexes are also strong. The 43.7 S complex, which formed upon addition of gp53, is a hexamer of the wedge complex and resembles the star‐shaped baseplate. The s‐value of the baseplate‐like complex decreased to 40.6 S upon association with gp11 in spite of the increased molecular weight, which is reflected in the sharper edges of the baseplate‐like structure which would have a higher friction.magnified image
Evaluation of the Information Content of Sedimentation Equilibrium Data in Self‐Interacting Systems
Authors: Ang Shirley , Rowe Arthur J 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFitting r = f(c) as opposed to the usual c = f(r) to the inverted form of the sedimentation equilibrium equation for interacting solute (INVEQ algorithm), it is shown by detailed simulation and by experimentation that stable, simultaneous estimates can be retrieved for both virial (2nd BM/3rd CM) and specific interaction (Ka) terms. In suitable systems estimates for two distinct second virial (BM) and single Ka terms can equally be defined. Whilst cell loading level is critical, noise level in the interference fringe data is shown to have surprisingly little influence on these outcomes.magnified image
Aggregation behavior of poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate)‐b‐polyisoprene‐b‐poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate) rod‐coil‐rod triblock copolymer in N,N‐dimethylformamide
Authors: Ogata Yoichi , Iso Kazuhiro , Kura Satoshi , Hayakawa Toshiyuki , Makita Yutaka 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSolution property of poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate)‐b‐polyisoprene‐b‐poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate) (GIG copolymer) was studied by using dynamic light scattering and static light scattering for N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and DMF/toluene mixed solutions. GIG copolymer proved to aggregate in DMF and under DMF‐rich condition, that is, high‐polar region. The aggregate decreased in size, and completely disappeared under toluene‐rich condition, that is, low‐polar region. The correlation between solubility parameter and aggregate size of GIG copolymer in the DMF/toluene solution systems quantitatively demonstrated how strongly polarity caused by hydrogen bond made an impact on the aggregation behavior. Because the main driving force to the aggregation under DMF‐rich condition originates with polyisoprene (PIP) blocks, the aggregate in DMF is considered to be a core‐shell micelle consisting of flexible PIP core surrounded by rigid poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate) (PBLG) shell. The values of dimensionless parameter ρ, defined as the ratio of radius of gyration 〈S2〉1/2 to hydrodynamic radius RH, revealed that a single chain of GIG copolymer had the form of rigid rod with flexibility, that is, once‐broken rod, caused by the incorporation of a flexible PIP chain between two rigid PBLG rods in the DMF/toluene solution system. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1740–1748, 2010
A novel pH‐ and thermo‐sensitive PVP/CMC semi‐IPN hydrogel: Swelling, phase behavior, and drug release study
Authors: Lü Shaoyu , Liu Mingzhu , Ni Boli , Gao Chunmei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPoly(N‐vinyl‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) hydrogel has been considered as a very interesting and promising thermosensitive material. The most vital shortcoming of PVP hydrogel as thermosensitive material is that it does not exhibit thermosensitivity under usual conditions. In this work, semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) hydrogels based on PVP and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were prepared. The volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of the hydrogels was determined by swelling behavior and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the VPTT was significantly dependent on CMC content and the pH of the swelling medium. The amount of CMC in the semi‐IPN hydrogels was 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 g, the VPTT in buffer solution of pH 1.2 was 29.9 °C, 27.5 °C and 24.5 °C, respectively. In addition, the VPTT occurred in buffer solution of pH 1.2, but did not appear in alkaline medium. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model drug was loaded and the in vitro release studies were carried out in different buffer solutions and at different temperatures. The results of this study suggest that PVP/CMC semi‐IPN hydrogels could serve as potential candidates for protein drug delivery in the intestine. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1749–1756, 2010
Application of equivalent model method to dynamic rheo‐optical properties of crystalline polymer
Authors: Takayanagi Motowo , Uemura Shinsaku , Minami Shunsuke 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAssuming that the crystalline polymer consists of the crystalline and the non‐crystalline phase, a mechanical model for the crystalline polymer is constructed. We introduced into this model such complicated circumstances as some parts of the crystalline phase will be largely deformed under a stress concentration and other parts not so much. The temperature dependence of complex moduli of the crystalline polymers with various degrees of crystallinity is illustrated by using the model. On the basis of the model, we have derived an equation for calculating the strain‐optical coefficient of the crystalline polymer from those of the crystalline and the non‐crystalline phase. The equation gives a relation among the rheo‐optical quantities, the viscoelastic quantities and the parameters representing the fine structure and the crystallinity of the polymer. It is concluded from this equation that the strain optical coefficients cannot be expressed by such a simple additive relation as usually employed.
The specific heat of poly‐1‐butene
Authors: Wilski H. , Grewer T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe specific heat and the specific volume of the different crystal modifications of poly‐1‐butene were investigated. Modification III, the crystalline structure of which is still unknown, was obtained by precipitating the benzene solution with methyl acetate. At 101°C. it is transformed into the tetragonal phase which melts at 121.5°C. The specific heat of the rhombohedrie structure, which was obtained from the melt by cooling and storage over a long period, increased evenly with a rise in temperature Up to its melting point; by immediately measuring a freshly cooled melt, the specific heat of the tetragonal modification (at least above 80°C.) was obtained. A predominantly atactic material which had been stored for a long period, indicated the melting at 87°C. of the small fraction of the rhombohedric crystals. The investigations were supplemented by dilatometric measurements. By means of the degree of crystallinity thus obtained, the heats of fusion were calculated and compared with values from measurements conducted on the melting point depression of mixtures.
Effect of flame retardants on pyrolysis and combustion of α‐cellulose
Authors: Tang Walter K. , Neill Wayne K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn the combustion of wood, the α‐cellulose fraction contributes most of the flaming; the lignin fraction supports the major part of the glowing. In the present study, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses were conducted to determine the affect of low concentrations of flame retardants on the kinetics of pyrolysis and phenomena of combustion of α‐cellulose. The flame retardants investigated—sodium tetraborate, aluminum chloride, potassium bicarbonate, and ammonium phosphate—were found to lower the active pyrolysis temperatures and increase the yield of chars. The kinetic data obtained by then no gravimetric analysis of the treated ‐cellulose in vacuum suggest that at least two mechanisms :ire involved. The early stage is controlled by pseudo‐zero‐order and the late stage is of pseudo‐first‐order. Sodium tetraborate and aluminum chloride caused little reduction in activation energies. Ammonium phosphate decreased the activation energy mostly in the early stage. Potassium bicarbonate lowered activation energies of both stages. Further thermal analysis in helium and oxygen showed that flaming combustion of α‐cellulose was substantially reduced by treatment, and its exothermic peak occurred near the end of pyrolytic volatilization. The heat of pyroiysis was reduced significantly by treatment. The heat of combustion is distributed to a wider temperature range, and the maximum intensity of flaming was much reduced by treatment.
Thermodynamic properties of lexan polycarbonate from 110–560°k
Authors: O'Reilly James M. , Karasz Frank E. , Bair Harvey E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe heat capacity of Lexan polycarbonate has been accurately measured on samples of different degrees of crystal Unity. No low temperature transitions are observed in Cp. The usual discontinuity in Cp at the glass temperature is observed at 142°C. for a completely amorphous sample. In semicrystalline samples the change in Cp at Tg is greatly suppressed by the presence of crystallites. The crystalline regions of the polymer exhibit melting over the range 200–250°C. and a latent heat accompanies the melting process. From the magnitude of this latent heat the per cent crystallinity has been calculated as 17% (powder sample) and 24% (solvent crystallized sample). Upon slow cooling from the melt a completely amorphous sample is obtained.
Thermal conductivity of high polymers
Authors: Eiermann K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of several high polymers was measured in the temperature range from −190 to 90°C. with an automatic apparatus. In amorphous polymers a break has been found in the thermal conductivity at the glass transition temperature. This break can be explained by a model conception, which coordinates an elementary thermal resistance to every bond and which is also able to interpret the anisotropy of the thermal conductivity of stretched amorphous polymers. Even a rather universal relation between the anisotropies of the thermal expansion and the thermal conductivity can be derived. In partially crystalline polymers the thermal conductivity of the amorphous and the crystalline phases can be calculated from values measured with specimens of different crystallinities. The thermal conductivity of the crystalline phase of polyethylene shows the T−1‐law, valid for low molecular crystals. In other polymers we find a different behavior: the thermal conductivity of the crystalline phase is similar to that of the amorphous phase; we find that it can be described and calculated by means of the model derived from amorphous polymers. This model permits also to interpret the course of thermal conductivity at first‐order transition points.
Thermogravimetry of polymer pyrolysis kinetics
Authors: Anderson Hugh C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTwo thermogravimetric methods were developed to show whether rate of weight loss varies with extent of pyrolysis of a polymer. The first of these, a kinetic technique, involves obtaining (at various degrees of degradation) the activation energy, the order of decomposition, and the Arrhenius preexponential factor by Bolving three simultaneous equations. The data for these equations are obtained by performing three thermogravimetric experiments at three constant heating rates. The second method, which involves cycling the polymer between 25°C. and a fixed higher temperature, is based on the compound interest law. If the rate of weight loss changes with extent of decomposition, the experimental points deviate from the theoretical curve: if the rate does not vary, the experimental points coincide with the curve. Both techniques show that the rate of weight loss does not change appreciably with degree of pyrolysis of Teflon. For a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, these methods show that rate of weight loss does vary with degree of pyrolysis.
The low‐melting crystalline modifications of isotactic polybutene‐1
Authors: Holden H. W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe effect of annealing on the low‐melting crystalline modification (III) of isotactic polybutene‐1 has been studied by differential thermal analysis. The extrapolated equilibrium melting point of modification III is estimated to be 109.1°C. with 50% confidence limits at 108.0° and 110.6°C. In the temperature range where annealing effects are observed, conditions are suitable for the simultaneous formation, in the partially melted sample, of modification II and more highly ordered modification III.