bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chevron Deference after Mayo
Authors: Schnee Edward J. , Seago W. Eugene 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT
The authors provide the background to the issues decided by the Supreme Court in Mayo regarding the deference the courts should grant to Treasury regulations. The implications are broad, since the deference issue determines whether the administration or the judiciary's opinion should prevail. The paper then discusses the impact of Mayo on the Chevron deference, and how the two-step approach should be applied to regulations and other Treasury pronouncements. Finally, the paper will address the role of legislative history and the Chenery and hard look doctrines within Chevron's two steps.
Postural Function of the Diaphragm in Persons With and Without Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Kolář Pavel , Šulc Jan , Kynčl Martin , Šanda Jan , Čakrt Ondřej , Andel Ross , Kumagai Kathryn , Kobesová Alena 
Published: February 2012

Study Design A case-control study. Objectives To examine the function of the diaphragm during postural limb activities in patients with chronic low back pain and healthy controls. Background Abnormal stabilizing function of the diaphragm may be an etiological factor in spinal disorders. However, a study designed specifically to test the dynamics of the diaphragm in chronic spinal disorders is lacking. Methods Eighteen patients with chronic low back pain due to chronic overloading, as ascertained via clinical assessment and magnetic resonance imaging, and 29 healthy subjects were examined. Both groups presented with normal pulmonary function test results. A dynamic magnetic resonance imaging system and specialized spirometric readings were used with subjects in the supine position. Measurements during tidal breathing (TB) and isometric flexion of the upper and lower extremities against external resistance with TB were performed. Standard pulmonary function tests, including respiratory muscle drive (PImax and PEmax), were also assessed. Results Using multivariate analysis of covariance, smaller diaphragm excursions and higher diaphragm position were found in the patient group (P<.05) during the upper extremity TB and lower extremity TB conditions. Maximum changes were found in costal and middle points of the diaphragm. A 1-way analysis of covariance showed a steeper slope in the middle-posterior diaphragm in the patient group both in the upper extremity TB and lower extremity TB conditions (P<.05). Conclusion Patients with chronic low back pain appear to have both abnormal position and a steeper slope of the diaphragm, which may contribute to the etiology of the disorder.
A Proposed Management Algorithm for Fistulae between Hemodialysis Access Circuits and Adjacent Veins
Authors: Margoles Hannah R. , Shlansky-Goldberg Richard D. , Soulen Michael C. , Trerotola Scott O. 
Published: February 2012

Purpose Fistulae between an arteriovenous hemodialysis graft (AVG) or fistula (AVF) and an adjacent vein are an unusual complication of hemodialysis access. Such fistulae may theoretically cause steal syndrome, extremity edema, or access dysfunction. We sought to use our experience and existing literature to develop a management algorithm for this access complication. Methods Twelve patients with AVG/AVF to adjacent vein fistulae found on fistulography were identified using a quality assurance database. Indications for fistulography, treatment rendered for both the fistulae and access stenosis, and outcome of treatment were determined. AVG/AVF to adjacent vein fistulae, when identified and considered to be significant, were treated with embolization. Results Five out of twelve patients had successful embolization of their AVG/AVF to adjacent vein fistulae. Reasons for treatment included partial thrombosis of the access to the level of the fistula (n=1), contribution to bleeding during dialysis (n=1), and concern for competing flow causing thrombosis (n=5). No recurrence was identified. Seven patients did not undergo embolization either because of failure to recognize the fistula (n=3) or determination that treatment was not indicated (n=4). Two untreated fistulae were found occluded at follow-up. Additional access treatment included angioplasty (n=11), covered stent (n=1), and mechanical thrombectomy (n=3). Conclusions The significance of AVG/AVF to adjacent vein fistulae remains unclear; some resolve spontaneously, possibly related to PTA of outflow stenosis. Embolotherapy is an effective treatment for such fistulae when determined to be significant.
Evaluating sustainability of using natural gas as a major transport fuel in Australia: A life cycle assessment approach
Authors: Koltun P. , Tharumarajah A. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
For reasons of sustainability, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy security, it becomes necessary to properly evaluate all of Australia’s options for powering its transportation fleet. When doing this it is equally important to understand all the costs (economic, social, and environmental) and emissions during the fuel extraction, refining and distribution stages as well as the final combustion stage. All steps in the full pathway contribute to the final economic and environmental profile of any given fuel.
The natural gas (NG) family of fuels has to be seriously considered as providing for large-scale transportation. From a combustion point of view, NG derivatives have a lower carbon-to-hydrogen ratio than oil-based fuels and should therefore be cleaner, but the upstream emissions of the fuels need to be properly understood. The supply pathways of gaseous fuels are more diverse than the oil-based fuels pathways, because the sources of gas are varied and can imply substantially different emissions profiles. It is therefore important to understand these various pathways so that the profiles for each can be documented and policy formulated accordingly.
This preliminary study is conducted based on a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to evaluate potential sustainability of using gaseous fuels (CNG/LNG) for light commercial and passenger vehicles in Australia taking into account information on the production, distribution and use of gaseous fuel. Data for this study are mostly sourced from published literature. The results of the study reveal a significant opportunity for Australia to increase sustainability of the transport fleet if it takes gaseous fuels on as major source for transport vehicles.
In Vitro “Wound” Healing: Experimentally Based Phenomenological Modeling
Authors: Vermolen Fred J. , Gefen Amit , Dunlop John W. C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe discuss the applicability of some elementary models for the closure of in vitro “wounds” that are inflicted in monolayer cell cultures (also termed “wound healing assays”). These models can be applied to the simulation of healing of superficial wounds as long as they only concern the epidermis. We test several models that are based on a curvature driven displacement, a simple partial differential equation based model in which the actual cellular density is tracked. Finally, a semi‐stochastic cellular based model is evaluated.
Surgical resection for non-familial adenomatous polyposis-related intra-abdominal fibromatosis
Authors: Wilkinson M J , Fitzgerald J E F , Thomas J M , Hayes A J , Strauss D C 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Intra-abdominal fibromatosis (IAF) in the context of familial adenomatosis polyposis (FAP) is associated with significant morbidity and high recurrence rates after surgical resection. Non-surgical treatments are therefore advocated. This study explored outcomes in patients with IAF not associated with FAP who underwent surgical resection.

Methods
Data were analysed from a prospectively collected database at a sarcoma tertiary referral centre.

Results
From 2001 to 2011, 15 patients without FAP underwent primary curative surgical resection of IAF. Their median (range) age was 42 (19–64) years. Median tumour size was 18 (8·5–25) cm and weight 1306 (236–2228) g. Complete macroscopic clearance was obtained in all patients. There were no deaths in hospital or within 30 days and only one patient developed a major complication. Median follow-up was 40 (6–119) months. During follow-up two patients developed a recurrence after a disease-free interval of 12 and 16 months.

Conclusion
In contrast to FAP-associated IAF, non-FAP-associated IAF has a very low recurrence rate after surgical resection. Surgical resection is therefore advocated as first-line treatment in patients with non-FAP-associated IAF when resection can be performed with low morbidity.
Cost effectiveness of gene expression profiling for early stage breast cancer
Authors: Yang Mo , Rajan Suja , Issa Amalia M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Gene expression profiling (GEP) is being used increasingly for risk stratification to identify women with lymph node‐negative, estrogen receptor‐positive, early stage breast cancer who are most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. The authors of this report evaluated the cost effectiveness of recurrence score‐guided treatment using 2 commercially available GEP tests, Oncotype DX (Genomic Health, Redwood City, Calif) and MammaPrint (Agendia Inc., Irvine, Calif), from a third‐party payer's perspective.METHODS:A 10‐year Markov model was developed to compare the costs and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) of treatment decisions guided by either Oncotype DX or MammaPrint in a hypothetical cohort of women with early stage, lymph node‐negative, estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer who may experience recurrence. Outcomes included no recurrence, recurrence, and death. The costs considered included gene test costs, the costs of adjuvant chemotherapy and other chemotherapy (including premedication, oncology visits, and monitoring for adverse events), the cost of treating recurrence, costs associated with the treatment of adverse events, and end‐of‐life care costs.RESULTS:The model demonstrated that the patients who received the Oncotype DX test to guide treatment spent $27,882 (in US dollars) and gained 7.364 QALYs, whereas patients who received the MammaPrint test to guide treatment spent $21,598 and gained 7.461 QALYs. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the results were robust to changes in all parameters.CONCLUSIONS:The model suggested that MammaPrint is a more cost‐effective GEP test compared with Oncotype DX at a threshold willingness‐to‐pay of $50,000 per QALY. Because Oncotype DX is the most frequently used GEP in clinical practice in the United States, the authors concluded that the current findings have implications for health policy, particularly health insurance reimbursement decisions. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Decomposition of Methylene Blue in an Aqueous Solution Using a Pulsed‐Discharge Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Ikoma Shin , Satoh Kohki , Itoh Hidenori 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe decomposition characteristics of methylene blue in an aqueous solution on exposure to a pulsed‐discharge plasma generated above a water surface are investigated for different background‐gas compositions (N2‐O2 mixture and Ar‐O2 mixture) and electrode configurations (1 needle and 55 needles). It is likely that OH radicals produced by reaction between H2O vapor and high‐energy electrons in the pulsed plasma expanding on the water surface contribute to the decomposition of methylene blue. Further, O3 is found to contribute to methylene blue decomposition at high oxygen concentrations, and a slight contribution of OH radicals, produced by the reaction between N2 molecules excited in a metastable state [N2(A3\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\Sigma_{u}^{+}$\end{document})] and H2O vapor, is observed in pure N2. In a N2‐O2 mixture, the O3 concentration decreases significantly and simultaneously NOx is produced by the pulsed plasma. Therefore, NOx probably destroys O3 and inhibits O3 generation. In an Ar‐O2 mixture, a high decomposition rate of methylene blue is obtained regardless of the O3 concentration. It is likely that Ar atoms in metastable states, such as 3P2 and 3P0, contribute to the decomposition of methylene blue. A higher decomposition rate of methylene blue and a higher O3 concentration are observed when a streamer‐like discharge is generated with 55 needle electrodes, than with a single needle electrode. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(3): 1–9, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21217
The potential of case management for people with dementia: a commentary
Authors: Koch T. , Iliffe S. , Manthorpe J. , Stephens B. , Fox C. , Robinson L. , Livingston G. , Coulton S. , Knapp M. , Chew‐Graham C. , Katona C. ,   CARE‐DEM
Published: February 2012

BackgroundA recent review of studies of case management in dementia argues that lack of evidence of cost‐effectiveness should discourage the use of this approach to care. We argue that that this is too conservative a stance, given the urgent need throughout the world to improve the quality of care for people with dementia and their caregivers. We propose a research agenda on case management for people with dementia.MethodA critical comparison was made of the studies identified in two systematic reviews of trials of case management for dementia, with selective inclusion of non‐trial studies and economic evaluations.ResultsOur interpretation of the literature leads us to four provisional conclusions. First, studies with long follow‐up periods tend to show delayed relocation of people with dementia to care homes. Second, the quality of life of people with dementia and their caregivers may also influence the likelihood of relocation. Third, different understandings of what constitutes case management make interpretation of studies difficult. Fourth, we agree that the population most likely to benefit from case management needs to be characterised. Earlier intervention may be more beneficial than intervening when the condition has progressed and the individual's situation is highly complex. However, this runs counter to some definitions of case management as an administrative, professional, and systemic focus on people with high needs and where expensive support is accessed or in prospect.ConclusionsMore work needs to be carried out in a more focused way in order to establish the value of case management for people with dementia. Since care home residence is such a sizeable contributor to the costs of dementia care, studies need to be long enough to capture possible postponed relocation. However, case management studies with shorter follow‐up periods can still contribute to our understanding, since they can demonstrate improved quality of life. Future research should be built around a common, agreed definition of types of case management. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Callosal fiber length and interhemispheric connectivity in adults with autism: Brain overgrowth and underconnectivity
Authors: Lewis John D. , Theilmann Rebecca J. , Fonov Vladimir , Bellec Pierre , Lincoln Alan , Evans Alan C. , Townsend Jeanne 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTypical adults show an inverse relation between callosal fiber length and degree of interhemispheric connectivity. This has been hypothesized to be a consequence of the influence of conduction delays and cellular costs during development on axonal pruning, both of which increase with fiber length. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) provides a test of this hypothesis: Children with ASD are known to have enlarged brains; thus, adults with ASD should show reductions in interhemispheric connectivity proportional to their degree of brain overgrowth during development. This prediction was tested by assessing the relation between both the size and structure of the corpus callosum and callosal fiber length, adjusting for intracranial volume, which is thought to reflect maximum brain size achieved during development. Using tractography to estimate the length of callosal fibers emanating from all areas of cortex, and through which region of the corpus callosum they pass, we show that adults with ASD show an inverse relation between callosal fiber length, adjusted for intracranial volume, and callosum size, and a positive relation between adjusted callosal fiber length and radial diffusivity. The results provide support for the hypothesized impact of fiber length during development. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adenovirus‐mediated RNA interference targeting FOXM1 transcription factor suppresses cell proliferation and tumor growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chen Hui , Yang Chao , Yu Li , Xie Li , Hu Jun , Zeng Liang , Tan Yongjun 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) transcription factor, which regulates the expression of genes essential for cell proliferation and transformation, is implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. FOXM1 has attracted much attention as a potential target for the prevention and/or therapeutic intervention in human carcinomas.MethodsThe levels of FOXM1 expression in clinical tissue specimens and cell lines of human malignant nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were measured. Knockdown of FOXM1 expression was performed by small interfering RNA in NPC cells. An adenovirus vector (named AdFOXM1shRNA) was constructed to express a short hairpin RNA specific to FOXM1. The efficacy of AdFOXM1shRNA for tumor gene therapy in NPC cells and an in vivo NPC grafting model was assessed.ResultsA strong expression of FOXM1 was observed in clinical tissue specimens and cell lines of human NPC. Knockdown of FOXM1 expression by FOXM1 specific small interfering RNA diminished the NPC cell proliferation. The infection of AdFOXM1shRNA in NPC cells resulted in the knockdown of FOXM1 mRNA and protein levels, correlated with the reduction of proliferation and anchorage‐independent growth of the cancer cells. The growth of NPC tumors was significantly suppressed when inoculated mice were injected with AdFOXM1shRNA in the tumor.ConclusionsTogether, our results suggest that FOXM1 is a potential therapeutic target for NPC and AdFOXM1shRNA may be an additional gene therapeutic intervention to be evaluated in future treatment strategies for patients with NPC. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential diagnosis of infarct‐like intracranial ectopic germinomas and subacute lacunar infarct on susceptibility‐weighted imaging
Authors: Lou Xin , Tian Chenglin , Chen Zhiye , Ma Lin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPurpose:To determine the efficacy of susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) in the differential diagnosis between basal ganglia (BG) infarct‐like early stage intracranial ectopic germinomas (IEGs) and subacute lacunar infarct (SLI).Materials and Methods:Six children with early stage BG IEGs displaying an infarct‐like episode proven by pathology and eight children with BG SLI proven by clinic and vascular imaging were investigated retrospectively. On SWI, the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) in abnormal signal intensity regions was calculated and compared between the two groups.Results:For both IEGs and SLI the BG lesions were invisible or showed slight hyperintensity/hypointensity on T1‐weighted images and diffusion‐weighted images, patchy slight hyperintensity on T2‐weighted images without mass effect, and variable enhancement on postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). On SWI, obvious hypointensity in BG lesions and pineal gland (PG) was found in IEG patients but unremarkable in SLI patients. The CNRs of BG lesions and PG were significantly higher in IEG patients compared with those in SLI patients (P < 0.01).Conclusion:SWI is useful in differentiating IEGs from SLI when clinical symptoms and conventional MRI manifestations overlap in these two conditions. PG may be involved with tumor, although it is normal on conventional MRI in patients with IEGs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:92–98. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Synthesis, sintering and optical properties of CaMoO4: A promising scheelite LTCC and photoluminescent material
Authors: Vidya S. , Solomon S. , Thomas J. K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of nanocrystalline calcium molybdate (CaMoO4) through an autoigniting combustion technique is reported in this paper. The structural characterization of the as‐prepared nanocrystallites were done by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Raman, and Fourier transform infrared (IR) spectroscopy and the morphological studies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The studies reveal that the as‐prepared powder itself was phase pure with tetragonal structure and of particle size 25 nm. The sample was sintered at a relatively low temperature of 775 °C to a high density of ∼95% for the first time, without the use of any sintering aid. The optical bandgap energy calculated from the ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrum for the as‐prepared and annealed sample was 3.72 and 3.99 eV, respectively. The photoluminescence spectra of the sample showed an intense emission in the green region (528 nm). The dielectric constant and loss factor of the sample at 5 MHz was found to be 11.00 and 6.40 × 10−3 at room temperature. The temperature coefficient of dielectric constant was −95.04 pp/°C. These observations reveal that nanostructured CaMoO4 is a promising scheelite low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) and also an excellent luminescent material.
RhCl3‐Mediated Coupling Reactions of tert‐Butyl Acetylene
Authors: Kiefer Gregor , Dutta Barnali , Solari Euro , Scopelliti Rosario , Severin Kay 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRhCl3 is shown to mediate unusual coupling reactions of tert‐butyl acetylene. When RhCl3(H2O)n was heated with four equivalents of tert‐butyl acetylene in methanol, the dinuclear complex [{Rh(μ‐Cl)(CH2tBu)(tBuC=CHCOCH2tBu)}2] (2) was isolated. A larger excess of tert‐butyl acetylene (12 equiv.) resulted in the formation of the dimer [{η5‐C5H2tBu2(CH2tBu)}Rh(μ‐Cl)3Rh(C24H42O2)] (3). Both complexes were analyzed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Gene clusters as intersections of powers of paths
Authors: Costa Vítor , Dantas Simone , Sankoff David , Xu Ximing 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
There are various definitions of a gene cluster determined by two genomes and methods for finding these clusters. However, there is little work on characterizing configurations of genes that are eligible to be a cluster according to a given definition. For example, given a set of genes in a genome, is it always possible to find two genomes such that their intersection is exactly this cluster? In one version of this problem, we make use of the graph theory to reformulated it as follows: Given a graph G with n vertices, do there exist two θ-powers of paths G

S
=(V

S
,E

S
) and G

T
=(V

T
,E

T
) such that G

S
∩G

T
contains G as an induced subgraph? In this work, we divide the problem in two cases, depending on whether or not G is an induced subgraph of G

S
or G

T
. We show an
$\mathcal{O}(n^{2})$
time algorithm that generates the smallest θ-powers of paths G

S
and G

T
(with respect to and the number of vertices) that contains G as an induced subgraph. Finally, we discuss the problem when G is an induced subgraph neither of G

S
nor of G

T
and we present a method of finding the smallest power of a path when graph G is a cycle C

n
.