bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Kristallstruktur von Berylliumamid, Be(NH2)2
Authors: Jacobs Von H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInhaltsübersicht. Die röntgenographische Untersuchung von Einkristallen des Beryllium‐amids ergab, daß die Verbindung tetragonal kristallisiert.a = 10.170 ± 0.005 Å. c = 16,137 ± 0,008 Å und c/a = 1,587, in der Raumgruppe I41/acd mit 32 Formeleinheiten in der Elementarzelle. Es wurden die Lagen aller Atome einschließlich derer des Wasserstoffs bestimmt.Die Struktur des Be(NH2)2 leitet sich von einem stark verzerrten, kubisch dichten Anionenteilgitter ab. Die Kationen befinden sich derart in Tetraederlürken. daß jeweils 4 Be2+‐Ionen ein regulärs Tetraeder mit den kürzesten Be — Be‐Abständen bilden. Dadurch entstehen Einheiten, die sich als Be4(NH2)6(NH2)4/2 wiedergeben lassen, wobei die äußeren 4 Amidionen als Brückenanionen für die dreidimensionale Verknüpfung wirken. Die Ausrichtung der Amidionen wird beschrieben und mit den Ergebnissen früherer Untersuchungen an venvandten Metallamiden verglichen.Crystal Structure of Beryllium Amide, Be(NH2)2Abstract. The x‐ray investigation of single crystals of beryllium amide led to the following results. The compound crystallizes tetragonally a = 10.170 ± 0.005 Å, c = 16.137 ± 0.008 Å, and c/a = 1.587.The space group is I41/acd. The lattice contains 32 formula units. The positions of all atoms including hydrogen were determined.The structure of Be(NH2)2 can be described by a strongly deformed cubic closepacking of anions. The cations occupy tetrahedral interstices so that 4 Be2+ ions form a regular tetrahedron with the shortest Be—Be distances. This causes units, which can be described by Be4(NH2)6(NH2)4/2 Whereas the outer 4 amide ions serve as bridging anions to give a threedimensional arrangement.The orientation of the amide ions is given and compared with earlier results on similar metal amides.
Untersuchung des Systems Na/La/NH3
Authors: Jacobs Von H. , Scholze H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInhaltsübersicht. Im System Na/La/NH3 warden Amidpräparate durch Umsetzung der Metalle Na und La mit Ammoniak bei 3000–5000 atm NH3‐Druck und bei Temperaturen von 250–500°C dargestellt. Das Molverhältnis der Ausgangsmetalle reichte von Na: La = 9:1 bis 1:2.Na3La(NH2)6 ließ sich mit einer röntgenographischen Einkristalluntersuchung charakterisieren: A = 22,11 ± 0,01 Å, b = 11,15 ± 0,01 Å und c = 7,375 ± 0,006 Å; N = 8, Fddd (Nr. 70). Neben dieser Verbindung und dem binären Amid des Lanthans existiert wahrscheinlich bei tiefen Reaktions‐temperaturen ein schlecht kristallisierendes Na‐ärmeres Amidometallat.Die thermische Zersetzung von Amidpraparaten (Na: La = 3:1 und 1:1) führte zu zwei mikro‐kristallinen ternaren Phasen, einem Amid — Imid sowie zu einem Imid — Nitrid; als Endprodukte ergaben sich LaN neben unzersetztem NaNH2.Investigation of the System Na/La/NH3Abstract. In the system Na/La/NH3 amides were prepared by the reaction of the metals Na and La with ammonia. The ammonothermal synthesis was used starting with a molar ratio of the metals ranging from Na: La = 9:1 to 1:2 at NH3‐pressures from 3000 to 5000 atm and temperatures from 250 to 500°C.Na3La(NH2)6 was characterized by an x‐ray single crystal inv estigation: A = 22.11 ± 0.01 Å, b = 11.15 ± 0.01 Å, and c = 7.375 ± 0.006 Å; N = 8, Fddd (No. 70). Beside this compound and the binary Lanthanum amide another bad crystallizing compound with a lower sodium content may exist.The thermal degradation of the amides (Na: La = 3:1, and 1:1) led to two microcrystalline ternary phases, an amide – imide and an imide – nitride; binary LaN and undecomposed NaNH2 are the endproducts.
Diazidophosphate. Darstellung und Molekülspektren
Authors: Volgnandt Peter , Laber Rolf‐Armin , Schmidt Armin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInhaltsübersicht. Na‐ und Tetraalkylammonium‐diazidophosphate (Ia–c) lassen sich durch Hydrolyse der entsprechenden Hexaazidophosphate darstellen. Die Tetraalkylammonium‐Salze reagieren mit Antimon(V)‐chlorid zum Tetrachloroantimon(V)‐diazidophosphat(II). Die Schwingungs‐und 31P‐NMR‐Spektren werden diskutiert.Diazidophosphates. Preparation and Molecular SpectraAbstract. Na‐ nnd tetraalkylammonium‐diazidophosphates (Ia–c) can be prepared by hydroysis of the corresponding hexaazidophosphates. The tetraalkylammonium salts react with antimony(V) chloride to yield tetrachloroantimony(V) diazidophosphate(II). The vibrational and 31P‐n.m.r. spectra are discussed.
Beiträge zur Chemie der Alkylverbindungen von Übergangsmetallen. XXI [1] Versuche zur Alkylierung von Vanadin(IV)‐chlorid und Vanadinoxidtrichlorid
Authors: Jacob K. , Wagner S. , Schumann W. , Thiele K.‐H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInhaltsübersicht. Es wird über Reaktionen von Vanadin(IV)‐chlorid mit Zinkdialkylen und Bortrialkylen berichtet. Dabei entstehen aus Vanadin(IV)‐chlorid und Zinkdialkylen Komplexe des Vanadin(III)‐chlorids, Vanadin(II)‐chlorids und von Alkylvanadindichloriden mit Zinkchlorid, Alkylzinkchloriden oder Zinkdialkylen. Bortrialkyle bewirken die Bildung von reaktivem Vanadin(III)‐chlorid, das in Komplexe mit Diäthyläther der Formel VCl3 · n O(C2H5)2 (n = 1–3) übergeführt werden konnte.Contributions to the Chemistry of Transition Metal Alkyl Compounds. XXI. Experiments for the Alkylation of Vanadium Tetrachloride and Vanadium OxidetrichlorideAbstract. It is reported on experiments for alkylating vanadium tetrachloride by means of zinc dialkyls and boron trialkyls. Zinc dialkyls causes the formation of complexes of vanadium tetrachloride, vanadium trichloride and alkyl vanadium dichlorides with zinc chloride, alkyl zinc chlorides and zinc dialkyls. In the reactions with boron trialkyls high reactive vanadium trichloride is formed, which reacts with diethyl ether to complexes with the formula VCl3 · n O(C2H5)2 (n = 1–3).
The Crystal Structure of Mer‐Trans (NH3‐NH2)‐Potassium Trinitroglycinatoamminecobaltate(III) Monohydrate
Authors: Herak R. , Prelesnik B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe crystals of K[CoNH3gly(NO2)3] · H2O belong to monoclinic system, space group P21/c, a = 9.985(4), b = 9.384(3), c = 12.136(7) Å, β = 107.14(3)°, Z = 4. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined by full‐matrix least squares calculations to R = 0.048 and Rw = 0.044 for 897 independent nonzero reflexions, measured on a Syntex P&1macr; diffractometer. The crystal structure is built of K catione, complex anions and water molecules. The coordination around the cobalt atom is slightly distorted octahedral, with nitro groups in meridional arrangement. The nitrogen atoms from the glycine ligand and from ammonia are in the trans position. The metal—glycine five‐membered ring has the conformation of an asymmetric envelope.Die Kristallstruktur des K[CoNH3gly(NO2)3] · H2OInhaltsübersicht. Die Kristalle des K[CoNH3gly(NO2)3] · H2O gehören zum monoklinen System, Raumgruppe P21/c, a = 9,985(4), b = 9,384(3), c = 12,136(7) A, β = 107,14(3), Z = 4. Die Struktur wurde durch die Schweratom‐Methode bestimmt und verfeinert mit dem “full‐matrix least squares”‐Programm, R = 0,048 und Rw = 0,044 für 897 unabhängige Nicht‐Null‐Reflexe. Die Kristallstruktur wird aus K‐Kationen, Komplex‐Anionen und Wassermolekeln aufgebaut. Die oktaedrische Koordination um das Kobaltatom ist leicht gestört, mit Nitrogruppen in meridionaler Anordnung. Die Stickstoffatome des Glycons und Ammoniaks sind in trans‐Stellung. Der fünfglied rige Metall‐Glycin‐Ring hat die Konformation einer asymmetrischen Hülle.It is a pleasure to thank Professor M. B. Celap nnd Mr. M. J. Malinar for providing the crystal and for many helpful discussions and to Professor I. Krstanović and Mr. S. Djurić for the collection of the data on Syntex diffractometer.
Ammonium‐Alkali‐Hexafluorometallate(lll) vom Elpasolith‐Typ
Authors: Massa W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInhaltsübersicht. Durch Festkörperreaktion in Gold‐ oder Platinampullen unter Druck wurde die Darstellung von Ammonium‐Alkali‐Hexafluorometallaten(III) vom Typ (NH4)2AMF6 (A = Li, Na, K, Rb) und A2NH4MF6 (A = Eb, Cs) mit M = Al, Ga, Cr, Fe und V versucht. Die Verbindungen (NH4)2NaMF6, (NH4)2KMF6 und Cs2NH4MF6 kristallisieren kubisch flächenzentriert im Elpasolith‐Typ, wie aus Röntgenpulveraufnahmen, z. T. auch durch Intensitätsrechnung, belegt wird. Die Ammoniumionen liegen hier entweder in reiner 12facher (Na‐ und K‐Verbindung) oder in reiner 6facher Koordination (Cs‐Verbindung) vor.Ammonium Alkali Hexafluorometallates(III) of Elpasolite TypeThe preparation of ammonium alkali hexafluorometallates(III) of type (NH4)2AMF6 (A = Li, Na, K, Rb) and A2NH4MF6 (A = Rb, Cs), where M means Al, Ga, Cr, Fe and V, was attempted (by solid state reaction in sealed gold or platinum tubes under pressure. The compounds (NH4)2NaMF6, (NH4)2KMF6 and Cs2NH4MF6 crystallize cubic face centered in the elpasolite structure as could be showed by X‐ray powder patterns, in part by calculations of intensities. The ammonium ion have the coordination number 12 (Na and K compounds) or 6 respectively (Cs compounds).
Massenspektroskopische Untersuchungen an Vanadinsäureestern. II [1]: Fragmentierungsreaktionen der Vanadinsäureester
Authors: Adler B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInhaltsübersicht. In Trialkoxi‐ und Triphenoxivanadaten muß man eine dynamische Ladungsverteilung auf den drei Liganden annehmen; die Lokalisierung der positiven Ladung auf der V = O‐Gruppe ist dagegen unwahrscheinlich. Es fehlen deshalb massenspektroskopische Reaktionen mit der V = O‐Gruppe als Reaktionszentrum. Fragmentierungereaktionen an den O—C‐Gruppen liefern starke Fragmentpeaks. Die wechselnde Ladungsverteilung auf diesen Gruppen ist die Ursache massenspektroskopischer Wechselwirkungsreaktionen, bei denen neben Reaktionen aktivierter H‐Atome in αPositionen auch eine Beteiligung von β‐H‐Atomen nachgewiesen wurde.Mass Spectrometric Investigations on Vanadic Acid Esters. II. Decomposition Reactions of Vanadic Acid EstersIn the trialkoxy‐ and triphenoxivanadates a dynamic charge distribution on the three ligands must be accepted. Otherwise a localisation of positive charge on the V = O group is not probable, so that there are no mass spectroscopic reactions with the V = O group as the reaction center. Decomposition reactions at the O—C group cause strong peaks. The differing of charge distribution on these gronps causes mass spect rometric interaction reactions involving reactions of activated α‐H atoms and β‐H atoms as well.
Psychometrics of Dominant Right Hand During the 9‐Hole Peg Test: Differences Between Peg Placement and Removal
Authors: Koyama Tetsuo , Domen Kazuhisa , Yokoe Masaru , Sakoda Saburo , Kandori Akihiko 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveTo assess psychometrics of hand dominance during the 9‐Hole Peg Test.SubjectsSixteen healthy volunteers (23‐40 years of age, 10 female and 6 male subjects, all fortuitously right handed).MethodsAs is conventional protocol, the total time to perform the task was recorded as a dexterity index. In addition, the relative distance between points (distal phalanges) on the index finger and thumb was continuously monitored by the use of a magnetic sensing system. Time required, mean values for peak distance, and cumulative total motion distance were analyzed separately for the peg‐placement and peg‐removal phases. Data for dominant and nondominant hands were compared by the use of paired t‐tests (P < .05).ResultsTotal time to perform the 9‐Hole Peg Test was shorter for the dominant hands (mean, 18.65 seconds) than the nondominant hands (mean, 20.11 seconds). During the peg‐placement phase, lower values for peak distance, cumulative total motion distance, and time required were recorded for dominant hands, suggesting more efficient movement. By contrast, during peg‐removal phase, no statistically significant differences between dominant‐ and nondominant‐hand values were apparent.ConclusionsAlthough healthy subjects perform the 9‐Hole Peg Test more efficiently using their dominant hands, the difference in measured dexterity was observed only during the peg‐placement phase. This discrepancy between the peg‐placement and peg‐removal efficiency suggests the need for phase discrimination in future studies.
Does the Location of Low Back Pain Predict Its Source?
Authors: DePalma Michael J. , Ketchum Jessica M. , Trussell Brian S. , Saullo Thomas R. , Slipman Curtis W. 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive utility of the pattern of low back pain (LBP) in detecting the source of LBP as internal disk disruption (IDD), facet joint pain (FJP), or sacroiliac joint pain (SIJP).DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingUniversity spine center.Patient sampleA total of 170 cases from 156 patients presenting with LBP whose low back disorder was definitively diagnosed. The mean age was 54.4 years (SD, 16.2) and median duration of LBP was 12 months (interquartile ranges, 6‐32).MethodsCharts of consecutive LBP patients who underwent definitive diagnostic spinal procedures including provocation diskography, facet joint blocks, and sacroiliac joint blocks were retrospectively reviewed. Each patient with LBP was queried as to the exact location of their LBP: midline, defined as in‐line with the spinous processes, and/or paramidline, defined as lateral to 1 fingerbreadth adjacent to the midline.Outcome MeasuresIn patients with a definitive diagnosis for the source of LBP, the proportion of each diagnosed source of pain was calculated. χ2 tests were used to identify differences in the percentages of midline and paramidline LBP among the groups of patients testing positive for IDD, FJP, or SIJP. Diagnostic measures of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, diagnostic accuracy, and likelihood ratios of positive and negative tests using the presence/absence of midline and paramidline pain for the diagnosis of IDD, FJP, and SIJP were estimated.ResultsWith cases of IDD, significantly greater percentages of patients reported midline LBP (95.8%; χ2 = 101.4, df = 2, P < .0001) as compared with cases of FJP (15.4%) or SIJP (12.9%). In cases of IDD, significantly lower percentages of patients reported paramidline pain (67.3%; χ2 = 16.1, df = 2, P = .0003) as compared with cases of FJP (95.0%) or SIJ (96.0%). In cases of IDD, significantly greater percentages of patients reported midline LBP (95.8%; χ2 = 101.4, df = 2, P < .0001) as compared with cases of FJP (15.4%) or SIJP (12.9%). The specificity of midline LBP for IDD, FJP, and SIJP was 74.8% (95% CI = 65.0%‐82.9%), 28.0% (20.1%‐37.0%), and 36.0% (28.0%‐44.5%), respectively. The negative predictive value of paramidline LBP for IDD, FJP, and SIJP was 29.2% (95% CI = 12.6%‐51.1%), 91.7% (73.0%‐99.0%), and 95.8% (78.9%‐99.9%). The diagnostic accuracy of midline LBP for IDD, FJP, and SIJP was 83.5%, 24.1%, and 31.8%, respectively.ConclusionsThe presence of midline LBP increases the probability of lumbar IDD and reduces the probability of symptomatic FJ and SIJ dysfunction. The presence of isolated paramidline LBP increases the probability of symptomatic FJ or SIJ but mildly reduces the likelihood of lumbar IDD.
Improving the productivity and sustainability of terrestrial and aquatic food production systems: future perspectives
Authors: CRUTE I. R. , MUIR J. F. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYTo meet the increasing global demand for food that is predicted over the coming decades it will be necessary to increase productivity and to do this in a way that is sustainable and efficient in its use of resources. Productivity is currently determined by the intrinsic genetic potential of the domestic plants and animals on which mankind is dependent as well as by components of the biophysical environment (temperature, water availability and quality, soil fertility, parasites, pathogens, weeds) from which terrestrial or aquatic food production is derived. Within certain limits, it is possible to manipulate plant and animal genotypes, the production environment, and the inevitable interaction between these factors, to relax constraints on productivity and potential output. Looking to the future, increased scientific understanding will undoubtedly permit this manipulation to be achieved more effectively, thus enabling the scale of production to be elevated predictably while reducing reliance on non-renewable inputs and limiting the use of more forest, grassland, wetland or coastal margin. The present paper introduces a collection of reviews that were commissioned as part of the UK's Government Office of Science Foresight Project on Global Food and Farming Futures which reports early in 2011. The reviews explore opportunities for advances in science and technology to impact in coming decades on the sustainable productivity of terrestrial and aquatic food production systems. Collectively, they describe many of the approaches currently being considered to define, remove or relax the different genetic or environmental constraints limiting sustainable food production. These include: potential impacts of climate change on aquatic systems, the application of biotechnology, genetics and the development of systems to improve livestock, fish and crop production; approaches to the management of parasites and pathogens; weed control in crops; management of soil fertility; approaches to countering problems of water shortage; reducing post-harvest wastage; the role of advanced engineering and the potential for increasing food production in urban environments.
Dependence and isolated extensions
Authors: Guingona Vincent 
Published: January 2011

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OrthoNets: simultaneous visual analysis of orthologs and their interaction neighborhoods across different organisms
Authors: Hao Yanqi , Merkoulovitch Anna , Vlasblom James , Pu Shuye , Turinsky Andrei L. , Roudeva Denitza , Turner Brian , Greenblatt Jack , Wodak Shoshana J. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Protein interaction networks contain a wealth of biological information, but their large size often hinders cross-organism comparisons. We present OrthoNets, a Cytoscape plugin that displays protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks from two organisms simultaneously, highlighting orthology relationships and aggregating several types of biomedical annotations. OrthoNets also allows PPI networks derived from experiments to be overlaid on networks extracted from public databases, supporting the identification and verification of new interactors. Any newly identified PPIs can be validated by checking whether their orthologs interact in another organism.
Availability: OrthoNets is freely available at http://wodaklab.org/orthonets/.
Contact: jim.vlasblom@utoronto.ca
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Neutropenic Patients with Cancer: 2010 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Authors: Freifeld Alison G. , Bow Eric J. , Sepkowitz Kent A. , Boeckh Michael J. , Ito James I. , Mullen Craig A. , Raad Issam I. , Rolston Kenneth V. , Young Jo-Anne H. , Wingard John R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis document updates and expands the initial Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Fever and Neutropenia Guideline that was published in 1997 and first updated in 2002. It is intended as a guide for the use of antimicrobial agents in managing patients with cancer who experience chemotherapy-induced fever and neutropenia.Recent advances in antimicrobial drug development and technology, clinical trial results, and extensive clinical experience have informed the approaches and recommendations herein. Because the previous iteration of this guideline in 2002, we have a developed a clearer definition of which populations of patients with cancer may benefit most from antibiotic, antifungal, and antiviral prophylaxis. Furthermore, categorizing neutropenic patients as being at high risk or low risk for infection according to presenting signs and symptoms, underlying cancer, type of therapy, and medical comorbidities has become essential to the treatment algorithm. Risk stratification is a recommended starting point for managing patients with fever and neutropenia. In addition, earlier detection of invasive fungal infections has led to debate regarding optimal use of empirical or preemptive antifungal therapy, although algorithms are still evolving.What has not changed is the indication for immediate empirical antibiotic therapy. It remains true that all patients who present with fever and neutropenia should be treated swiftly and broadly with antibiotics to treat both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.Finally, we note that all Panel members are from institutions in the United States or Canada; thus, these guidelines were developed in the context of North American practices. Some recommendations may not be as applicable outside of North America, in areas where differences in available antibiotics, in the predominant pathogens, and/or in health care–associated economic conditions exist. Regardless of venue, clinical vigilance and immediate treatment are the universal keys to managing neutropenic patients with fever and/or infection.
A Three-Dimensional RNA Motif inPotato spindle tuber viroidMediates Trafficking from Palisade Mesophyll to Spongy Mesophyll inNicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Takeda Ryuta , Petrov Anton I. , Leontis Neocles B. , Ding Biao 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCell-to-cell trafficking of RNA is an emerging biological principle that integrates systemic gene regulation, viral infection, antiviral response, and cell-to-cell communication. A key mechanistic question is how an RNA is specifically selected for trafficking from one type of cell into another type. Here, we report the identification of an RNA motif in Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) required for trafficking from palisade mesophyll to spongy mesophyll in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. This motif, called loop 6, has the sequence 5′-CGA-3′...5′-GAC-3′ flanked on both sides by cis Watson-Crick G/C and G/U wobble base pairs. We present a three-dimensional (3D) structural model of loop 6 that specifies all non-Watson-Crick base pair interactions, derived by isostericity-based sequence comparisons with 3D RNA motifs from the RNA x-ray crystal structure database. The model is supported by available chemical modification patterns, natural sequence conservation/variations in PSTVd isolates and related species, and functional characterization of all possible mutants for each of the loop 6 base pairs. Our findings and approaches have broad implications for studying the 3D RNA structural motifs mediating trafficking of diverse RNA species across specific cellular boundaries and for studying the structure-function relationships of RNA motifs in other biological processes.