bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coenzyme Q10 and oxidative imbalance in Down syndrome: Biochemical and clinical aspects
Authors: Tiano L. , Padella L. , Carnevali P. , Gabrielli O. , Bruge F. , Principi F. , Littarru G. P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is a chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21) associated with mental retardation and Alzheimer like dementia, characteristic change of the individual's phenotype and premature ageing. Oxidative stress is known to play a major role in this pathology since a gene dose effect leads to elevated ratio of superoxide dismutase to catalase/glutathione peroxidase compared to controls in all age categories suggesting that oxidative imbalance contributes to the clinical manifestation of DS. Hyperuricemia is another feature of DS that has an interesting relationship with oxidative stress since uric acid represents an important free radical scavenger. However its formation is connected to the conversion of Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) to Xanthine oxidase (XO) which leads to concomitant production of free radicals. Here we report that plasma samples from DS patients in pediatric age, despite an increased total antioxidant capacity, largely due to elevated Uric acid content (UA), present significantly elevated markers of oxidative damage such as increased allantoin levels. Moreover DS plasma samples do not differ from healthy control ones in terms of Coenzyme Q10 and susceptibility to peroxidative stimuli. On the contrary, lymphocyte and platelet CoQ10 content was significantly lower in DS patients, a fact that might underlie oxidative imbalance at a cellular level.
Diet supplement CoQ10 delays brain atrophy in aged transgenic mice with mutations in the amyloid precursor protein: An in vivo volume MRI study
Authors: Li Geng , Jack Clifford R. , Yang Xi‐Fei , Yang Edward S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe tested the hypotheses that supplemental intake of the diet supplement Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) could delay brain atrophy in double transgenic amyloid precursor protein (APP) / presenilin 1 (PS1), single transgenic APP and PS1 as well as wild type mice by volume MR image in vivo. One hundred and twelve mice (28 APP/PS1, 28 APP, 28 PS1 and 28 wild types) were studied. Half of each genotype group (n = 14 per group) was treated with CoQ10 2400 mg/kg/day, and the other half with placebo for 60 days. Magnetic resonance (MR) images were used to obtain the volumes of the hemispheres and hippocampi. APP / PS1, APP, PS1 and wild type mice treated with CoQ10 exhibited significantly less atrophy in hemisphere and hippocampus than those receiving placebo. The neuro‐protective effect of the CoQ10 on hemispheric volume, and hippocampal volume was related to genotype; greater in APP/PS1 than APP and PS1 mice and less in wild type mice. Our result indicated that CoQ10 may have therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of MCI and AD.
Functions of coenzyme Q10 in inflammation and gene expression
Authors: Schmelzer Constance , Lindner Inka , Rimbach Gerald , Niklowitz Petra , Menke Thomas , Döring Frank 
Published: April 2009

AbstractClinical studies demonstrated the efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) as an adjuvant therapeutic in cardiovascular diseases, mitochondrial myopathies and neurodegenerative diseases. More recently, expression profiling revealed that Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) influences the expression of several hundred genes. To unravel the functional connections of these genes, we performed a text mining approach using the Genomatix BiblioSphere. We identified signalling pathways of G‐protein coupled receptors, JAK/STAT, and Integrin which contain a number of CoQ10 sensitive genes. Further analysis suggested that IL5, thrombin, vitronectin, vitronectin receptor, and C‐reactive protein are regulated by CoQ10 via the transcription factor NFκB1. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effect of CoQ10 on the NFκB1‐dependent pro‐inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α. As a model, we utilized the murine macrophage cell lines RAW264.7 transfected with human apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3, control) or pro‐inflammatory apoE4. In the presence of 2.5 μM or 75 μM CoQ10 the LPS‐induced TNF‐α response was significantly reduced to 73.3±2.8% and 74.7±8.9% in apoE3 or apoE4 cells, respectively. Therefore, the in silico analysis as well as the cell culture experiments suggested that CoQ10 exerts anti‐inflammatory properties via NFκB1‐dependent gene expression.
Coenzyme Q10 levels in women with preeclampsia living at different altitudes
Authors: Teran Enrique , Chedraui Peter , Racines‐Orbe Marcia , Vivero Sandra , Villena Francisco , Duchicela Fabian , Nacevilla Luis , Schwager Gino , Calle Andres 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground: Preeclampsia is a common disorder of pregnancy exhibiting abnormal plasma and placental coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels when compared to normal pregnancies.Objective: To evaluate CoQ10 levels both in plasma and placenta among normal pregnant (n = 60) and preeclamptic (n = 63) primigravid women and determine the effect of high or low altitude residency.Study design: CoQ10 was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique and group comparisons were performed.Results: Preeclamptic women living at high altitude displayed significantly lower CoQ10 plasma levels (0.64±0.23 vs. 0.82±0.46 μmol/L, p = 0.05). No differences were found in CoQ10 plasma levels among women living at sea level. Interestingly, plasma CoQ10 levels at low altitude in normal pregnancies were significantly lower than high altitude normal pregnancies. Compared to normal pregnancies, preeclamptic women displayed higher placental CoQ10 content, which was only significant among those living at sea level (0.120±0.07 vs. 0.076±0.04 ng/mg protein, p < 0.005). Normal pregnant women living at high altitude displayed higher placental CoQ10 content when compared to those residing at sea level (p < 0.0005).Conclusion: Women suffering from preeclampsia (high or low altitude) display high placental CoQ10 content, with significant low plasma CoQ10 levels among those residing in high altitude. More research is warranted to establish the cause‐effect relationship between CoQ10 levels and preeclampsia.
Plasma and thrombocyte levels of coenzyme Q10 in children with Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome (SLOS) and the influence of HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors
Authors: Haas Dorothea , Niklowitz Petra , Hoffmann Georg F. , Andler Werner , Menke Thomas 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIntroduction: SLOS is caused by a defect of cholesterol synthesis. HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors have been shown to improve biochemical parameters in this condition, but they have also been associated with CoQ10 deficiency in patients with hypercholesterolemia. The aim of this study was to analyse plasma and intracellular CoQ10 levels in SLOS patients and to determine the influence of HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors.Methods: Plasma concentrations of CoQ10 and vitamin E were measured in 14 patients, intracellular CoQ10 levels were determined in platelets of 10 patients with SLOS and compared to controls.Results: Plasma CoQ10 and vitamin E levels were significantly lower in SLOS patients. This difference equalised after adjustment to cholesterol concentrations. Treatment with simvastatin did not influence CoQ10 levels and redox status. Platelet CoQ10 concentrations were similar between patients and controls but there were striking differences in the CoQ10 redox status with a decrease of oxidised CoQ10.Conclusion: Decreased concentrations of plasma CoQ10 and vitamin E in SLOS patients are due to a diminished carrier capacity. The higher percentage of reduced CoQ10 in platelets points to an up‐regulation of mitochondrial protection mechanisms. Further studies are needed to evaluate a possible benefit of CoQ10 supplementation in SLOS patients.
Safety assessment of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
Authors: Hidaka Takayoshi , Fujii Kenji , Funahashi Iwao , Fukutomi Naoki , Hosoe Kazunori 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring component present in living cells. Its physiological function is to act as an essential cofactor for ATP production, and to perform important antioxidant activities in the body. In most countries, CoQ10 has been widely used as a dietary supplement for more than 20 years. Recently, the use of CoQ10 as a dietary supplement has grown with a corresponding increase in daily dosage.The present review describes the safety profile of CoQ10 on the basis of animal and human data. The published reports concerning safety studies indicate that CoQ10 has low toxicity and does not induce serious adverse effects in humans. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) is 12mg/kg/day, calculated from the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) of 1200 mg/kg/day derived from a 52‐week chronic toxicity study in rats, i.e., 720 mg/day for a person weighing 60 kg. Risk assessment for CoQ10 based on various clinical trial data indicates that the observed safety level (OSL) for CoQ10 is 1200 mg/day/person. Evidence from pharmacokinetic studies suggest that exogenous CoQ10 does not influence the biosynthesis of endogenous CoQ9/CoQ10 nor does it accumulate into plasma or tissues after cessation of supplementation. Overall, these data from preclinical and clinical studies indicate that CoQ10 is highly safe for use as a dietary supplement. Additionally, analysis of CoQ10 bioavailability or its pharmacokinetics provides the pertinent safety evaluation for CoQ10.
Blood CoQ10 levels and safety profile after singe‐dose or chronic administration of PureSorb‐Q™40: Animal and human studies
Authors: Nukui Kazuki , Yamagishi Toshihiko , Miyawaki Hiromi , Kettawan Aikkarach , Okamoto Tadashi , Belardinelli Romualdo , Tiano Luca , Littarru Gian Paulo , Sato Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is known to be highly hydrophobic and, as such, insoluble in water: this leads to serious inconvenience when trying to incorporate it in food products. Its absorption is also known to be very limited. PureSorb‐Q™ 40 (P40) (Water‐soluble type CoQ10 powder, CoQ10 content 40 w/w %) was developed in order to improve its use with food products and to enhance its absorption. In the present study the absorption of this novel formulation was compared to a conventional lipid soluble CoQ10 by administering both products to rats and humans. Acute, single‐administration studies in rats showed that P40 has a higher absorption, compared to lipid soluble CoQ10, both in prandial and fasting states. Similarly, single administration in humans revealed a higher absorption level for P40, taken in the fasting state or together with meals. In the rat study, no adverse effects were observed with P40 at doses up to 2,000 mg/kg in both sexes. In a double‐blind, placebo controlled, comparative study conducted on 46 healthy volunteers and randomly divided into two groups, in the group receiving 900 mg of CoQ10 per day, for 4 consecutive weeks, the average level at two weeks was 8.79±3.34 μg/mL, similar to the corresponding level after 4 weeks (8.33±4.04 μg/mL). After 2 weeks of washout, serum CoQ10 level decreased to 1.30±0.49 μg/mL. P40 intake did not cause any significant changes in symptoms and clinical laboratory tests as assessed by physical, hematological, blood biochemical or urinalysis. Clinical examinations also did not reveal any abnormalities. The above blood (serum) CoQ10 level at 2 weeks after start of intake was compared with other reported values. The same dose of CoQ10 (900mg/day), when administered by softgel capsules yielded a plasma CoQ10 concentration of 3.6 μg/mL, while P40 levels were 8.79±3.34 μg/mL. These levels are remarkably high for instance when compared to the corresponding levels obtained, in patients affected by Parkinson's disease, with CoQ10 doses up to 2,400mg/day. A clinical study was conducted using doses of 300 mg/day and 600 mg/day, in patients affected by cardiovascular disease. Also in this case there was linearity in the response with the levels obtained by administering P40 at a dose of 100 and 900 mg/day.
Supplementation with CoQ10 lowers age‐related (ar) NOX levels in healthy subjects
Authors: Morré Dorothy M. , Morré D. James , Rehmus Wingfield , Kern Dale 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOur work has identified an aging‐related ECTO‐NOX activity (arNOX), a hydroquinone oxidase which is cell surface located and generates superoxide. This activity increases with increasing age beginning > 30 y. Because of its cell surface location and ability to generate superoxide, the arNOX proteins may serve to propagate an aging cascade both to adjacent cells and to oxidize circulating lipoproteins as significant factors determining atherogenic risk. The generation of superoxide by arNOX proteins is inhibited by Coenzyme Q10 as one basis for an anti‐aging benefit of CoQ10 supplementation in human subjects.In a preliminary pilot study, 25 female subjects between 45 and 55 y of age were recruited at Stanford University from the Palo Alto, CA area. Informed consent was obtained. Ten of the subjects received Coenzyme Q10 supplementation of 180 (3 × 60 mg) per day for 28 days. Serum, saliva and perspiration levels of arNOX were determined at 7, 14 and 28 days of CoQ10 supplementation and compared to the initial baseline value. Activity correlated with subject age up to a maximum between age 50 and 55 years of age for saliva and perspiration as well and then declined. With all three sources, the arNOX activity extrapolated to zero at about age 30. Response to Coenzyme Q10 also increased with age being least between ages 45 and 50 and greatest between ages 60 and 65. With all three biofluids, arNOX activity was reduced between 25 and 30% by a 3 × 60 mg daily dose Coenzyme Q10 supplementation. Inhibition was the result of Coenzyme Q10 presence.
Aging skin is functionally anaerobic: Importance of coenzyme Q10 for anti aging skin care
Authors: Prahl S. , Kueper T. , Biernoth T. , Wöhrmann Y. , Münster A. , Fürstenau M. , Schmidt M. , Schulze C. , Wittern K.‐P. , Wenck H. , Muhr G.‐M. , Blatt T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe functional loss of mitochondria represents an inherent part in modern theories trying to explain the cutaneous aging process. The present study shows significant age‐dependent differences in mitochondrial function of keratinocytes isolated from skin biopsies of young and old donors. Our data let us postulate that energy metabolism shifts to a predominantly nonmitochondrial pathway and is therefore functionally anaerobic with advancing age. CoQ10 positively influences the age‐affected cellular metabolism and enables to combat signs of aging starting at the cellular level. As a consequence topical application of CoQ10 is beneficial for human skin as it rapidly improves mitochondrial function in skin in vivo.
Oxidative stress status in liver mitochondria and lymphocyte DNA damage of atherosclerotic rabbits supplemented with water soluble coenzyme Q10
Authors: Ramirez‐Tortosa M. Carmen , Granados Sergio , Ramirez‐Tortosa Cesar L. , Ochoa Julio J. , Camacho Pedro , García‐Valdós Luz , Battino Maurizio , Quiles Jose L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe effects of the administration of water soluble coenzyme Q10 (25 mg/kg per day) over 30 days, after 50 days feeding on a high‐fat diet (3% lard + 1.3% cholesterol), were investigated in the plasma and liver mitochondria of rabbits. Results showed that this atherogenic diet enhanced lipid levels both in plasma and liver mitochondria, reduced plasma and mitochondrial concentrations of retinol and coenzyme Q10, led to higher DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes and reactive oxygen species concentration in liver mitochondria. The treatment of animals with coenzyme Q10 reduced (to the healthy group levels) lipid concentration in liver mitochondria with no effect on plasma lipids, increased mitochondrial levels of α‐tocopherol, restored mitochondrial coenzyme Q10 and improved α‐tocopherol levels in plasma. Moreover, coenzyme Q10 supplementation reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels and decreased DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The findings suggest that antioxidant therapy with coenzyme Q10 may be used in the treatment of liver pathologies associated to the intake of high‐fat, atherogenic, diets.
Ultrastructure of ulvan: A polysaccharide from green seaweeds
Authors: Robic Audrey , Gaillard Cédric , Sassi Jean‐François , Lerat Yannick , Lahaye Marc 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUltrastructural analysis of the gel forming green seaweed sulfated polysaccharide ulvan revealed a spherical‐based morphology (10–18 nm diameter) more or less aggregated in aqueous solution. At pH 13 in TBAOH (tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxyde) or NaOH, ulvan formed an open gel‐like structure or a continuous film by fusion or coalescence of bead‐like structures, while in acidic pH conditions, ulvan appeared as dispersed beads. Low concentrations of sodium chloride, copper or boric acid induced the formation of aggregates. These results highlight the hydrophobic and aggregative behavior of ulvan that are discussed in regard to the peculiar gel formation and the low intrinsic viscosity of the polysaccharide in aqueous solution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 652–664, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Adhesion of pancreatic beta cells to biopolymer films
Authors: Williams S. Janette , Wang Qun , MacGregor Ronal R. , Siahaan Teruna J. , Stehno‐Bittel Lisa , Berkland Cory 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDramatic reversal of Type 1 diabetes in patients receiving pancreatic islet transplants continues to prompt vigorous research concerning the basic mechanisms underlying patient turnaround. At the most fundamental level, transplanted islets must maintain viability and function in vitro and in vivo and should be protected from host immune rejection. Our previous reports showed enhancement of islet viability and insulin secretion per tissue mass for small islets (<125 μm) as compared with large islets (>125 μm), thus, demonstrating the effect of enhancing the mass transport of islets (i.e. increasing tissue surface area to volume ratio). Here, we report the facile dispersion of rat islets into individual cells that are layered onto the surface of a biopolymer film towards the ultimate goal of improving mass transport in islet tissue. The tightly packed structure of intact islets was disrupted by incubating in calcium‐free media resulting in fragmented islets, which were further dispersed into individual or small groups of cells by using a low concentration of papain. The dispersed cells were screened for adhesion to a range of biopolymers and the nature of cell adhesion was characterized for selected groups by quantifying adherent cells, measuring the surface area coverage of the cells, and immunolabeling cells for adhesion proteins interacting with selected biopolymers. Finally, beta cells in suspension were centrifuged to form controlled numbers of cell layers on films for future work determining the mass transport limitations in the adhered tissue constructs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 676–685, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Physicochemical studies on the biopolymer inulin: A critical evaluation of its self‐aggregation, aggregate‐morphology, interaction with water, and thermal stability
Authors: Dan Abhijit , Ghosh Soumen , Moulik Satya P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPhysicochemical properties viz., aggregation, molar mass, shape, and size of chicory inulin in solution were determined by fluorimetry, DLS, SLS, TEM, and viscometry methods. The thermal stability of the biopolymer was examined by TGA, DTA, and DSC measurements. The water vapor adsorption of desiccated inulin was also studied by the isopiestic method, and the data were analyzed in the light of the BET equation. On the basis of the obstruction to ion conductance by the inulin aggregates in solution and analysis of the data, the extent of hydration of inulin in solution was estimated. The result was coupled with the intrinsic viscosity, [η], of inulin to ascertain the shape of the biopolymer aggregates in aqueous solution. The critical aggregation concentration (cac) of inulin in aqueous as well as in salt solution was assessed by fluorimetry. The weight average molar mass, $ \overline M_{\rm w}$, of inulin monomer and its aggregate was found to be 4468 and 1.03 × 106 g/mol, respectively, in aqueous solution. This aggregated mass was 2.4 × 106 g/mol in 0.5M NH4SCN solution. The [η] values of the soft supramolecular aggregates in solution (without and with salt) were small and comparable with globular proteins evidencing spherical geometry of the biopolymer aggregates as supported by the TEM results. In DMSO, rod‐like aggregates of inulin was found by the TEM study. The [η] of the biopolymer in the DMSO medium was therefore, higher than that in the aqueous medium. Unlike aqueous medium, the aggregation in DMSO was not associated with a cac. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 687–699, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The role of the octadecanoid pathway in the production of terpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots under normal and UV‐B stress conditions
Authors: Peebles Christie A.M. , Shanks Jacqueline V. , San Ka‐Yiu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe octadecanoid pathway is responsible for producing jasmonic acid an important signaling molecule in plants, which controls the production of a variety of secondary metabolites. Previously the exogenous addition of jasmonic acid to Catharanthus roseus hairy roots caused an increase in terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) accumulation. The role of the endogenous production of jasmonic acid by the octadecanoid pathway in the production of TIAs in C. roseus hairy roots is examined. Feeding of octadecanoid pathway inhibitors suggests that the octadecanoid pathway does not actively control TIA production under normal growth conditions or during the UV‐B stress response in C. roseus hairy roots. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 1248–1254. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.