bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flooding exposure accelerated biological aging: a population-based study in the UK
Authors: Wu Yao , Gasevic Danijela , Xu Rongbin , Yang Zhengyu , Yu Pei , Wen Bo , Zhou Guowei , Zhang Yan , Song Jiangning , Liu Hong , Li Shanshan , Guo Yuming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Floods have been the most common type of disaster and are expected to increase in frequency and intensity due to climate change. Although there is growing evidence on the impacts of floods on human health, none has so far investigated the association between flooding exposure and biological aging acceleration. We collected data from 364 841 participants from the UK Biobank project. Flooding data before baseline were retrieved from the Dartmouth Flood Observatory and linked to each participant. Cumulative flooding exposure within six years before the baseline was calculated. We calculated the two biological aging measures at baseline: PhenoAge and Klemera-Doubal method biological age (KDM-BA) and assessed their associations with flooding exposure using mixed-effects linear regression models. We observed that participants exposed to higher levels of floods were more likely to have accelerated biological aging. The risks associated with flooding exposure could last for several years, with the highest cumulative effect observed over 0–4 years. In the fully adjusted model, per interquartile increase in cumulative flood exposure was associated with an increase of 0.24 years (95% CI: 0.14, 0.34) in PhenoAge acceleration and 0.14 years (95% CI: 0.07, 0.21) in KDM-BA acceleration over lag 0–4 years. The associations were consistent regardless of lifestyles, demographics, and socio-economic status. Our findings suggest that exposure to floods may lead to accelerated biological aging. Our work provides the basis for further understanding of the flood-related health impacts and suggests that public health policies and adaptation measures should be initiated in the short-, medium- and even long-term after flooding.
Summertime compound heat wave and drought events in China: interregional and subseasonal characteristics, and the associated driving factors
Authors: Zeng Jiani , Li Huixin , Sun Bo , Chen Huopo , Wang Huijun , Zhou Botao , Duan Mingkeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the characteristics of compound heat wave and drought events (CHDEs) across various subregions of China from 1961 to 2022 by utilizing a monthly probability-based index. The results uncover significant interregional and subseasonal variations. The trend analysis of CHDEs reveals statistically significant increases in most regions of China; however, there is no significant trend in the JiangHuai region throughout the entire summer season. The trends across regions exhibited subseasonal differences, especially in the eastern regions (Northeast China, North China, and South China (SC)). Furthermore, the occurrence of severe CHDEs (SCHDEs) in China has significantly increased in both frequency and extent since the 1990s. Southwest China and eastern Northwest China have witnessed the highest frequency of SCHDEs, while SC has remained relatively unaffected compared to other regions. The occurrences of SCHDE demonstrate a higher frequency occurred in June than in July and August, especially in the southern regions. The local driving factors are further explored. The incidence of CHDEs in eastern China is significantly influenced by anticyclonic circulation anomalies, which span from the upper to the lower troposphere. These anomalies are crucial in shaping the dynamic and moisture conditions necessary for CHDE formation. Their specific locations dictate the unique atmospheric conditions that lead to the regional characteristics of CHDEs across eastern China.
Significant advancement in subseasonal-to-seasonal summer precipitation ensemble forecast skills in China mainland through an innovative hybrid CSG-UNET method
Authors: Lyu Yang , Zhu Shoupeng , Zhi Xiefei , Wang Jingyu , Ji Yan , Fan Yi , Dong Fu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Reliable Subseasonal-to-Seasonal (S2S) forecasts of precipitation are critical for disaster prevention and mitigation. In this study, an innovative hybrid method CSG-UNET combining the UNET with the censored and shifted gamma distribution based ensemble model output statistic (CSG-EMOS), is proposed to calibrate the ensemble precipitation forecasts from ECMWF over the China mainland during boreal summer. Additional atmospheric variable forecasts and the data augmentation are also included to deal with the potential issues of low signal-to-noise ratio and relatively small sample sizes in traditional S2S precipitation forecast correction. The hybrid CSG-UNET exhibits a notable advantage over both individual UNET and CSG-EMOS in improving ensemble precipitation forecasts, simultaneously improving the forecast skills for lead times of 1–2 weeks and further extending the effective forecast timeliness to ∼4 weeks. Specifically, the climatology-based Brier Skill Scores are improved by ∼0.4 for the extreme precipitation forecasts almost throughout the whole timescale compared with the ECMWF. Feature importance analyze towards CSG-EMOS model indicates that the atmospheric factors make great contributions to the prediction skill with the increasing lead times. The CSG-UNET method is promising in subseasonal precipitation forecasts and could be applied to the routine forecast of other atmospheric and ocean phenomena in the future.
Diversity of the tropical easterly jet’s core location
Authors: Huang Sihua , Wen Zhiping 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The upper-tropospheric tropical easterly jet (TEJ) is one of the most important systems in modulating the Asian summer monsoon rainfall. In addition to the intensity variability that has been extensively studied, the TEJ’s core experiences remarkable changes in the zonal and meridional directions. The TEJ can be identified as three locational patterns using the cluster analysis: the east, northwest, and southwest modes. The frequencies of the three locational modes exhibit discernable changes on the monthly and the interannual-decadal time scales. While the anomalous zonal divergent circulation with the convergent/divergent center over the tropical Indian Ocean (IO) determines the zonal location of the TEJ’s core, the meridional temperature gradient between the Eurasian continent and the tropical IO distinguishes the meridional location of the TEJ’s core. It reflects the fundamental role of the large-scale east-west and north-south thermal contrasts in the movement of the TEJ’s core location. The variability of the TEJ’s core location has distinct impacts on the summer monsoon precipitation via redistributing the upper-level divergence and modulating the monsoon meridional circulation, especially in South, Southeast, and East Asia. In conjunction with the thermal effect of the Tibetan Plateau, the meridional shift of the TEJ’s core can affect the precipitation along the south slope of the Tibetan Plateau. These findings highlight the cause of the diversified TEJ’s core location and the significant impacts on the summer monsoon rainfall.
Simulation of the degradation behavior of small-molecule solar cells based on p-DTS(FBTTh2)2 as the donor material
Authors: Lastra Gonzalo , Reséndiz Luis , Ramírez-Como Magaly , Balderrama Victor S , Hernández-García Liliana Fernanda , Marsal Lluis F , Cabrera Víctor , Estrada Magali 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The use of organic solar cells (OSCs), particularly those based on small-molecule materials, has gained recognition as being promising in photovoltaic applications. However, despite notable advances, persistent challenges in relation to the long-term stability and energy-conversion efficiency of these materials continue to pose significant obstacles to their widespread adoption. The aim of this study was to enhance the efficiency and durability of such cells under ambient conditions. To elucidate whether cells with small-molecule donor materials provide higher benefits and opportunities than cells with polymer donor materials, this study compares the electrical parameters of cells with both types of donor materials. OSCs based on 7,7′-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(6-fluoro-4-(5′-hexyl-[2,2′-bithiophene]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole): [6,6]-Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (p-DTS(FBTTh2)2:PC70BM) and Poly [[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]]: [6,6]-Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7:PC70BM) were manufactured and their electrical characteristics under ambient conditions determined after various time intervals. Numerical simulations based on the metal–insulator–metal (MIM) model were then performed to optimize the performance of the cells and to analyze their internal electrical dynamics in detail. The findings of this study reveal a direct relationship between solar cell degradation and the anode interface, thus enhancing understanding of the degradation mechanisms that occur in OSCs.
Spin wave excitations in low dimensional systems with large magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Delgado Fernando , Otrokov Mikhail M , Arnau Andrés 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The low-energy excitation spectrum of a two-dimensional ferromagnetic material is dominated by single-magnon excitations that show a gapless parabolic dispersion relation with the spin wave vector. This occurs as long as magnetic anisotropy and anisotropic exchange are negligible compared to isotropic exchange. However, to maintain magnetic order at finite temperatures in extended systems, it is necessary to have sizable anisotropy to open a gap in the spin wave excitation spectrum. We consider four real two-dimensional systems for which ferromagnetic order at finite temperature has been observed or predicted. Density functional theory calculations of the total energy differences for different spin configurations permit us to extract the relevant parameters and connect them with a spin Hamiltonian. The corresponding values of the Curie temperature are estimated using a simple model and found to be mostly determined by the value of the isotropic exchange. The exchange and anisotropy parameters are used in a toy model of finite-size periodic chains to study the low-energy excitation spectrum, including single-magnon and two-magnon excitations. At low energies, we find that single-magnon excitations appear in the spectrum together with two-magnon excitations. These excitations present a gap that grows particularly for large values of the magnetic anisotropy or anisotropic exchange, relative to the isotropic exchange.
Finetuning foundation models for joint analysis optimization in High Energy Physics
Authors: Vigl Matthias , Hartman Nicole , Heinrich Lukas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this work we demonstrate that significant gains in performance and data efficiency can be achieved in High Energy Physics (HEP) by moving beyond the standard paradigm of sequential optimization or reconstruction and analysis components. We conceptually connect HEP reconstruction and analysis to modern machine learning workflows such as pretraining, finetuning, domain adaptation and high-dimensional embedding spaces and quantify the gains in the example usecase of searches of heavy resonances decaying via an intermediate di-Higgs system to four b-jets. To our knowledge this is the first example of a low-level feature extraction network finetuned for a downstream HEP analysis objective.
Heritage Sites and Wellbeing
Authors: Sayer Faye 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the impact of heritage sites, especially historic houses, historic estates and buildings, and archaeological sites on visitor subjective wellbeing. It explores the hypothesis that physical engagement in heritage sites, through visiting and participating in experiences within these places, including storied experiences and interpretative narratives, can benefit visitors’ subjective well-being. Through thematic and statistical analysis of quantitative and qualitative data collected from six heritage sites in the United States, United Kingdom, and India, research explored how visiting heritage sites impacts on visitors’ personal and social wellbeing at both a contextual and sector wide level. Through comparative analysis differences and overarching patterns in data between diverse heritage sites, this chapter identified the specific attribute of wellbeing heritage sites changed, and the strategies and practices at these heritage sites which positively impact visitor wellbeing.
Museums, Art Galleries, and Wellbeing
Authors: Sayer Faye 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how visitor experiences and the nature of presentation and interpretation within museums and art galleries impact visitors’ wellbeing, mental health, and happiness. It assesses case studies of museums and art galleries in the United Kingdom and India using the evaluation methodology set out in the previous chapter to provide quantifiable and qualifiable evidence of the measurable impact of visiting this range of museums and art galleries. It identifies through empirical evidence how different museum and art galleries change visitors’ personal and social wellbeing and seeks to identify common themes and specific wellbeing indicators that these heritage places effect.
Introduction
Authors: Rondel David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This introduction advances two central arguments that together animate and give this book its shape. One has to do with anxiety’s amazing variety and heterogeneity. The chapter argues that there is a huge range and diversity of experience associated with anxiety. Anxiety arises in different ways, for different reasons, with different profiles of symptoms and different degrees of belief-dependence. Depending on the context, human beings both recoil from anxiety and actively seek it out. Anxiety can be episodic or more continuous, object-directed or more nebulous, recalcitrant or reflectively endorsed, appropriate to its object in some circumstances and inappropriate in others. The other argument is more methodological. The chapter claims that there is a uniquely philosophical perspective from which to consider anxiety, which is not reducible to scientific, evolutionary, historical, or medical approaches to the subject, but which nevertheless draws on knowledge and insight from those other perspectives.
A New Lap in the Race
Authors: Rondel David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues there is much to be learned about the nature and meaning of anxiety from Arthur Schopenhauer’s pessimistic philosophy. Schopenhauer was honest—brutally so—in reflecting on the human condition and the suffering inherent in life. It is argued that we can read Schopenhauer’s whole philosophy as a diagnosis of and a response to this suffering. It is also argued that both Schopenhauer’s diagnosis and his response speak volumes about anxiety. About why it might arise and what it feels like when we are in its grip. About how suffering with anxiety can transform us, over time, into more gentle and compassionate people.
To Clear Our Minds of Selfish Care
Authors: Rondel David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes a philosophical insight about the management of our attention and mental energy—about a kind of practice of attention—from which, it is argued, the anxious sufferer stands to benefit. The insight originates in the work of Irish-born novelist and philosopher Iris Murdoch and culminates in a therapeutic conclusion about the peace that can be afforded by directing one’s attention toward a certain kind of good in a certain kind of way. At the heart of Murdoch’s insight is the encouragement to “give attention to nature in order to clear our minds of selfish care.” The chapter tries to make sense of Murdoch’s insight and also to reflect on what it reveals about the formidable therapeutic properties of the natural world, about the peace and inner tranquility that time spent in nature can sometimes provide.
Never Let the Future Disturb You
Authors: Rondel David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers what the Stoic philosophers might teach us about the nature of anxiety, along with some of the strategies and techniques by which they thought it could be eradicated, or at least more effectively managed. It also considers how Stoic wisdom about anxiety also figures prominently in various forms of psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance-commitment therapy (ACT). The chapter focuses on the ideas of three central Stoic philosophers from the Roman Imperial period: Seneca (tutor and advisor to Nero, the infamously extravagant fifth emperor of the Roman Empire who allegedly “fiddled” while Rome burned), Epictetus (the freed slave and Stoic teacher), and Marcus Aurelius (the last emperor of the Pax Romana).
WHIRLY proteins, multi-layer regulators linking the nucleus and organelles in developmental and stress-induced senescence of plants
Authors: Lin Wenfang , Huang Dongmei , Li Mengsi , Ren Yujun , Zheng Xiangzi , Wu Binghua , Miao Ying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Plant senescence is an integrated programme of plant development that aims to remobilize nutrients and energy from senescing tissues to developing organs under developmental and stress-induced conditions. Upstream in the regulatory network, a small family of single-stranded DNA/RNA-binding proteins known as WHIRLYs occupy a central node, acting at multiple regulatory levels and via trans-localization between the nucleus and organelles. In this review, we summarize the current progress on the role of WHIRLY members in plant development and stress-induced senescence. WHIRLY proteins can be traced back in evolution to green algae. WHIRLY proteins trade off the balance of plant developmental senescence and stress-induced senescence through maintaining organelle genome stability via R-loop homeostasis, repressing the transcription at a configuration condition, and recruiting RNA to impact organelle RNA editing and splicing, as evidenced in several species. WHIRLY proteins also act as retrograde signal transducers between organelles and the nucleus through protein modification and stromule or vesicle trafficking. In addition, WHIRLY proteins interact with hormones, reactive oxygen species and environmental signals to orchestrate cell fate in an age-dependent manner. Finally, prospects for further research and promotion to improve crop production under environmental constraints are highlighted.
Widespread gene flow from Betula tianshanica and Betula pendula to Betula microphylla: a rare species from Northwest China
Authors: Ding Junyi , Hua Donglai , Wei Yuangui , Yao Linmei , Wang Nian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Understanding the genomic composition of endangered species across its populations is important for conservation and management. Betula microphylla, an endangered species in Northwest China, grows in close proximity to B. tianshanica and B. pendula. However, whether populations of B. microphylla are genetically distinct or introgressed from B. tianshanica and B. pendula remains less clear. Here, we included restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) data for 135 individuals of B. microphylla, B. tianshanica, and B. pendula with RAD data of 87 individuals generated in this study. PCA results identify three genetic clusters, corresponding to B. pendula, B. tianshanica, and B. microphylla. ADMIXTURE analyses show two admixed populations of B. microphylla from B. tianshanica and one admixed population from B. pendula. ABBA-BABA test indicates that the genetic admixture in B. microphylla reflects significant signals of introgression from B. tianshanica and B. pendula. Furthermore, we identified 378 functional genes within the introgressed regions with eight genes related to environmental stress. Conservation strategies to protect genetically distinct populations of B. microphylla from genetic swamping by B. pendula need to be implemented. In addition, ex situ conservation of B. microphylla and conservation efforts towards B. tianshanica should be taken into consideration as the two may represent sister taxa or different subspecies.
Asymmetries of the subthalamic activity in Parkinson’s disease: phase-amplitude coupling among local field potentials
Authors: Bocci Tommaso , Ferrara Rosanna , Albizzati Tommaso , Averna Alberto , Guidetti Matteo , Marceglia Sara , Priori Alberto 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The role of brain asymmetries of dopaminergic neurons in motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease is still undefined. Local field recordings from the subthalamic nucleus revealed some neurophysiological biomarkers of the disease: increased beta activity, increased low-frequency activity and high-frequency oscillations. Phase-amplitude coupling coordinates the timing of neuronal activity and allows determining the mechanism for communication within distinct regions of the brain. In this study, we discuss the use of phase-amplitude coupling to assess the differences between the two hemispheres in a cohort of 24 patients with Parkinson’s disease before and after levodopa administration. Subthalamic low- (12–20 Hz) and high-beta (20–30 Hz) oscillations were compared with low- (30–45 Hz), medium- (70–100 Hz) and high-frequency (260–360 Hz) bands. We found a significant beta-phase-amplitude coupling asymmetry between left and right and an opposite-side-dependent effect of the pharmacological treatment, which is associated with the reduction of motor symptoms. In particular, high coupling between high frequencies and high-beta oscillations was found during the OFF condition (P &lt; 0.01) and a low coupling during the ON state (P &lt; 0.0001) when the right subthalamus was assessed; exactly the opposite happened when the left subthalamus was considered in the analysis, showing a lower coupling between high frequencies and high-beta oscillations during the OFF condition (P &lt; 0.01), followed by a higher one during the ON state (P &lt; 0.01). Interestingly, these asymmetries are independent of the motor onset side, either left or right. These findings have important implications for neural signals that may be used to trigger adaptive deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s and could provide more exhaustive insights into subthalamic dynamics.