bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sagittal realignment failures following pedicle subtraction osteotomy surgery: are we doing enough?
Authors: Schwab Frank J. , Patel Ashish , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Smith Justin S. , Farcy Jean-Pierre , Boachie-Adjei Oheneba , Hostin Richard A. , Hart Robert A. , Akbarnia Behrooz A. , Burton Douglas C. , Bess Shay , Lafage Virginie 
Published: March 2012

Object
Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is a surgical procedure that is frequently performed on patients with sagittal spinopelvic malalignment. Although it allows for substantial spinopelvic realignment, suboptimal realignment outcomes have been reported in up to 33% of patients. The authors' objective in the present study was to identify differences in radiographic profiles and surgical procedures between patients achieving successful versus failed spinopelvic realignment following PSO.

Methods
This study is a multicenter retrospective consecutive PSO case series. The authors evaluated 99 cases involving patients who underwent PSO for sagittal spinopelvic malalignment. Because precise cutoffs of acceptable residual postoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA) values have not been well defined, comparisons were focused between patient groups with a postoperative SVA that could be clearly considered either a success or a failure. Only cases in which the patients had a postoperative SVA of less than 50 mm (successful PSO realignment) or more than 100 mm (failed PSO realignment) were included in the analysis. Radiographic measures and PSO parameters were compared between successful and failed PSO realignments.

Results
Seventy-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Successful realignment was achieved in 61 patients (77%), while realignment failed in 18 (23%). Patients with failed realignment had larger preoperative SVA (mean 217.9 vs 106.7 mm, p < 0.01), larger pelvic tilt (mean 36.9° vs 30.7°, p < 0.01), larger pelvic incidence (mean 64.2° vs 53.7°, p < 0.01), and greater lumbar lordosis–pelvic incidence mismatch (−47.1° vs −30.9°, p < 0.01) compared with those in whom realignment was successful. Failed and successful realignments were similar regarding the vertebral level of the PSO, the median size of wedge resection 22.0° (interquartile range 16.5°−28.5°), and the numerical changes in pre- and postoperative spinopelvic parameters (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Patients with failed PSO realignments had significantly larger preoperative spinopelvic deformity than patients in whom realignment was successful. Despite their apparent need for greater correction, the patients in the failed realignment group only received the same amount of correction as those in the successfully realigned patients. A single-level standard PSO may not achieve optimal outcome in patients with high preoperative spinopelvic sagittal malalignment. Patients with large spinopelvic deformities should receive larger osteotomies or additional corrective procedures beyond PSOs to avoid undercorrection.
A Study on Existing WATSAN Condition of Two Tea Gardens in
Authors: Chowdhury MAI , Hasan GMJ , Karim MA 
Published: March 2012

In Bangladesh, the area around Sylhet is a traditional tea growing zone. Sylhet is not only plays an important role in the socio-economic development of Bangladesh but also important for ecological balance of the country. However, the water supply and sanitation (WATSAN) condition of tea garden area especially for workers is not environmentally sound. Moreover, there is not enough number of tube wells to get water for drinking purposes and even no provision of municipal water supply. The income of tea garden workers is poor around BDT 3000-4000 per month; 80% people were illiterate, 58% people were getting improper (shared among many workers) latrine facility. The drinking water was observed free from faecal coliform and arsenic contamination but the concentration of iron was high. This study reveals that both the tea garden people are deprived from proper latrine facility, water supply system, waste management and housing facilities. Sustainability of water supply and sanitation system must be considered for achieving good health for all and keep the environment healthy for smooth economic development.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10125 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 13-18, 2011
Study on Existing Status of Farm Environment and Awareness in a Farming Community of Dinajpur District
Authors: Arfin A , Baten MA , Nahar BS , Sattar MA 
Published: March 2012

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the existing status and activities of the farmers in a farming community and also to evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness of the farmers on environmental degradation. From the findings of results and discussion it was observed that the illiteracy rate was higher (45%) in small farmers compared to medium (30%) and large (25%) farmers. The percentage of knowledge and awareness of the large farmers about soil organic matter depletion was about 80%. In case of the small farmers about 85% were unaware about soil organic matter depletion. Findings also indicated that 80% of the large farmers had awareness about the impact of soil organic matter depletion while 85% of the small farmers were not aware about the impact of soil organic matter depletion and 70% of the medium farmers had awareness. Findings also indicated that 25% of the large farmers, 15% of the medium farmers and 10% of the small farmers had knowledge about the application of excess chemical fertilizer and 50% of them did not response. Thirty five percent of the large farmers, 25% of the medium farmers and 10% of the small farmers had knowledge that due to the effect of pesticide diseases occurred on human health and 30% of them did not response. Twenty percent of the large farmers, 10% of the medium farmers and 5% of the small farmers had knowledge about the preservation techniques of soil quality and 65% of them did not response. It was also found that out of the four independent variables i.e. age, level of education, occupation and farm size had positive significant relationship with environmental awareness.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10166 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 151-154, 2011
Keys to Recognizing the Levels of Critical Audiovisual Reading in Children
Authors: Sánchez-Carrero Jacqueline , Sandoval-Romero Yamile 
Published: April 2012

Based on the results of several projects carried out with children and adolescents, we can state that knowledge of production and broadcasting aids the acquisition of critical media skills. This article combines three media education experiences in Venezuela, Colombia and Spain driven by a critical reception approach. It presents leading indicators for determining the level of critical audiovisual reading in children aged 8-12 extracted from intervention processes through workshops on media literacy. The groups had been instructed on the audiovisual universe, which allowed them to analyze, deconstruct and recreate audiovisual content. Firstly, this article refers to the evolving concept of media education. Secondly, the common experiences in the three countries are described, with special attention to the influence of indicators that gauge the level of critical reading. Finally, we reflect on the need for media education in the era of multi-literacy. It is unusual to find studies that reveal the keys to assessing the levels of critical consumption of digital media content in children, and this is essential for determining the level of children’s understanding before and after training processes in media education.
Diversos estudios con niños y adolescentes han demostrado que a mayor conocimiento del mundo de la producción y transmisión de mensajes audiovisuales, mayor capacidad adquieren para formarse un criterio propio ante la pantalla. En este artículo se aúnan tres experiencias de educación mediática realizadas en Venezuela, Colombia y España, desde el enfoque de la recepción crítica. Se proporcionan los indicadores que llevan a determinar los niveles de lectura crítica audiovisual en niños de entre 8 y 12 años, construidos a partir de procesos de intervención mediante talleres de alfabetización mediática. Los grupos han sido instruidos acerca del universo audiovisual, dándoles a conocer cómo se gestan los contenidos audiovisuales y el modo de analizarlos, desestructurarlos y recrearlos. Primero, se hace referencia al concepto en evolución de educación mediática. Después, se describen las experiencias comunes en los tres países para luego incidir en los indicadores que permiten medir el nivel de lectura crítica. Por último, se reflexiona sobre la necesidad de la educación mediática en la era de la multialfabetización. No es muy frecuente encontrar estudios que revelen las claves para reconocer qué grado de criticidad tiene un niño cuando visiona los contenidos de los distintos medios digitales. Es un tema fundamental pues permite saber con qué nivel de comprensión cuenta y cuál adquiere después de un proceso de formación en educación mediática.
Color in Child Espots: Chromatic Prevalence and Relation with the Brand Logo
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Luis Enrique , Monserrat-Gauchi Juan , Tur--Viñes Victoria 
Published: April 2012

Color is a crucial element in achieving effective and efficient communication. This article presents an analysis of the color elements used in TV ads aimed at children broadcast during November 2009 in Spain by the Disney Channel children’s network which, according to Kantar Media, is the audience leader in open-to-air television programing. The convenience sample included the group of advertisers that Infoadex classifies as part of the «sports and leisure» sector, which includes products and services traditionally aimed at children, such as toys and leisure parks, as well as self-promotion ads for other television networks. The analysis quantifies the use of color in ads aimed at children and concludes that brands use color in very different ways. This study also examines the relationship between the color combinations chosen by advertisers in their ads and logos, confirming that the use of color combinations in ads and logos is arbitrary. Most advertisers who target children prefer to apply a range of colors to create contrast and highlight the product and its features and benefits, instead of strengthening the brand’s corporate image. The study highlights the randomness in decision-making on the use of color.El color es un elemento básico para la eficacia y la eficiencia comunicativa. Se realiza un análisis de contenido de los elementos de color en los espots dirigidos a niños emitidos en la cadena temática infantil Disney Channel, líder de audiencia de la televisión en abierto según Kantar Media, durante el mes de noviembre de 2009 en España. La selección de la muestra de conveniencia agrupó a los anunciantes considerados por Infoadex dentro del sector «deportes y tiempo libre» que comprende los productos y servicios tradicionalmente considerados infantiles, como juguetes y parques de ocio, además de la autopromoción de otras cadenas de televisión. El análisis cuantifica la prevalencia del uso del color en los anuncios televisivos dirigidos a la infancia y concluye que las marcas gestionan el color de forma muy diferenciada. Por otro lado, se estudia la relación entre la prevalencia cromática en el espot y en el logotipo del mismo anunciante. En este sentido, se comprueba un alto porcentaje de incoherencia en la prevalencia cromática en ambos formatos. La mayoría de los anunciantes del mercado infantil prefieren utilizar el color para provocar el contraste y resaltar el producto, sus características o bondades en detrimento de la coherencia en la imagen corporativa de la marca. El estudio realizado pone de manifiesto cierta arbitrariedad en la toma de decisiones sobre el color.
Rhinovirus-Induced MMP-9 Expression Is Dependent on Fra-1, Which Is Modulated by Formoterol and Dexamethasone
Authors: Tacon Claire E. , Newton Robert , Proud David , Leigh Richard 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is implicated in airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. We have previously confirmed that human rhinovirus-16 (HRV-16) infection increases MMP-9 expression both in vivo and in vitro. However, the role of the AP-1 sites within the MMP-9 promoter and the effect of commonly used asthma pharmacotherapies in modulating human rhinovirus (HRV)-induced MMP-9 production have not yet been elucidated. Experiments were performed in vitro in the human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line BEAS-2B and in primary HBE cells obtained from non-transplanted lungs. Using site-directed mutagenesis approaches, AP-1 sites were found to be necessary for HRV-induced MMP-9 promoter drive. EMSAs and supershift assays identified complexes consisting of Fos-related Ag-1 (Fra-1) in addition to other AP-1 subunits. Small interfering RNA approaches indicated that Fra-1 was induced upon HRV-16 infection in BEAS-2B cells and was necessary for MMP-9 expression in both BEAS-2B and primary HBE cells. Inhibition of MEK1/2 activity using PD98059 and U0126 reduced Fra-1 expression, DNA binding, MMP-9 promoter drive, and MMP-9 protein production. The long-acting β2-agonist formoterol and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone significantly reduced HRV-induced ERK phosphorylation, Fra-1, and MMP-9 expression in BEAS-2B cells. These data indicate that HRV-induced activation of the MEK/ERK MAPK pathway and Fra-1 expression are necessary for the upregulation of MMP-9 and can be modulated by two distinct but commonly used asthma pharmacotherapies. Together, these results offer insights into the mechanisms by which long-acting β2-agonists and glucocorticoids might reduce HRV-related asthma exacerbations.
CD47high Expression on CD4 Effectors Identifies Functional Long-Lived Memory T Cell Progenitors
Authors: Van Vu Quang , Raymond Marianne , Baba Nobuyasu , Rubio Manuel , Wakahara Keiko , Susin Santos A. , Sarfati Marika 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
T cell memory is the hallmark of adaptive immunity. Central questions are to determine which cells among proliferating effector T cells will live beyond the crash of the immune response (IR) and develop into functional memory T cells. CD47, considered as a marker of self, is implicated in cell death, cell elimination, and in the inflammatory response. We report in this article that CD47 expression was transiently regulated on Ag-specific CD4 T cells, that is, from CD47high to CD47low to CD47high, during the course of the in vivo IR. Specifically, CD47high status marked central memory CD4 T cell precursors at an early time point of the IR. By contrast, cytokine production was a functional attribute restricted to CD47high, but not CD47low, polyclonal effector CD4 T cells during recall responses in an experimental model of chronic airway inflammatory disease. Passive transfer of CD47high, but not CD47low, CD4 T cells in nonlymphopenic naive mice generated long-lived memory T cells capable of anamnestic responses. We conclude that CD47high status on CD4 T cells identifies functional long-lived memory T cell progenitors.
Visual function and quality of life in pseudophakic patients before and after capsulotomy
Authors: de Juan-Marcos Lourdes , Blanco-Blanco Juan F. , Hernández-Galilea Emiliano 
Published: March 2012

Purpose. To assess the correlation between visual acuity, visual function, and health-related quality of life before and after neodymium: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Methods. A total of 150 patients with posterior capsule opacification (PCO) were examined before and after capsulotomy. Ocular examination, visual acuity, patient reports of satisfaction with vision, and disease-specific (VF-14 Index of Visual Functions) and generic (EuroQol: EQ-5D) outcomes were measured at baseline and 3 weeks after treatment. Results. After capsulotomy, patients showed significant improvements in binocular visual acuity, VF-14 index, satisfaction with vision, and EQ-5D measures. The average gains in visual function and quality of life were apparent in groups with good visual outcome and poor visual outcome. The VF-14 score improvement was moderately correlated with the EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale score improvement, showing stronger correlations with changes in self-reported satisfaction with vision than did gains in binocular visual acuity. Conclusions. Measuring of the outcomes of capsulotomy by clinical indicators alone may underestimate the overall benefits of treatment. Visual acuity in conjunction with visual function and health-related quality of life questionnaires will likely prove to be better indicators of the need for and outcome of capsulotomy.
Preliminary Experience with a New Device for Delayed Sternal Closure Strategy in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Santini Francesco , Onorati Francesco , Telesca Mariassunta , Faggian Giuseppe , Mazzucco Alessandro 
Published: March 2012

Purpose: Open chest management with delayed sternal closure (DSC) is a valuable strategy in the management of patients with postcardiotomy hemodynamic instability or severe coagulopathy The conventional extemporized material available for off-label sternal stenting however may limit its efficacy We evaluated outcomes of patients with refractory severe postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (SPCCS) treated with DSC using a novel temporary sternal spreader (NTSS) which allows myocardial recovery by progressive controlled approximation of the sternal edges. Methods: Seven patients (4 male, mean age 66.5 ± 5 years) with refractory SPCCS showing acute hemodynamic instability at sternal closure, were implanted with the NTSS, consisting of stainless-steel branches linked to 2 diverging plates of polyether-ether ketone, whose progressive opening/closing mechanism can be controlled from outside the chest with a rotating steel wire. The sternal wound was closed by an elastic membrane to achieve a sterile field. Swan-Ganz monitoring was employed, and clinical outcomes evaluated. Results: The device was successfully implanted in all patients without device-related complications or failures. Progressive approximation of sternal edges, titrated on cardiac index values, was successfully completed allowing subsequent uneventful sternal closure in all. Mean time from SPCCS to sternal closure was 70 ± 21 hours. No patient developed infective complications or late hemodynamic instability after device removal and sternal closure. One patient (14%) died of multiorgan failure on postoperative day 9. Conclusions: Despite the limited number of patients enrolled, the NTSS proved safe and effective in allowing complete myocardial recovery after SPCCS, avoiding hemodynamic instability related to abrupt sternal closure, with no occurrence of infective complications.
E-learning modules supported by cooperative learning: Impact on Arabic language achievement among Qatar University students
Authors: Hassan Mahmood Ahmed , Fook Fong Soon 
Published: April 2012

This research aimed to investigate the impact of e-learning supported by cooperative learning on students' achievement in the core Arabic language course (ARAB100) delivered through the Blackboard system at Qatar University, State of Qatar. The activity theory was the basis for the design of the study which employed a 2 × 2 quasi-experimental factorial design to investigate the interaction between the independent variables of the research: e-learning supported by cooperative learning (EL+CL) and e-learning not supported by cooperative learning (EL − CL) with gender as a moderator variable and achievement in the Arabic language as a dependent variable. An achievement test was developed and administered to a sample of 170 undergraduate students (85 male and 85 Female) majoring in different subjects from seven colleges of the University over a 10-week period. Analysis of the findings by the two-way ANCOVA procedure was used to examine the three postulated hypotheses. The findings of this study showed that students assigned to the e-learning modules supported by cooperative learning (EL+CL) mode attained significantly higher adjusted mean scores on Arabic language achievement than students working on the e-learning module that were not supported by the cooperative learning (EL − CL) mode. Male students attained significantly higher adjusted mean scores on the achievement test than females using the same modules. No significant interaction effect was detected between e-learning modes and gender on achievement. In conclusion, the principles of the activity theory need to be considered when designing e-learning modules supported by cooperative learning activities in order to promote Arabic language learning.
A Note on Exact Travelling Wave Solutions for the Klein–Gordon– Zakharov Equations
Authors: Zhang Zai-Yun , Zhang Ying-Hui , Gan Xiang-Yang , Yu De-Ming 
Published: April 2012

16
In this paper, we investigate the travelling wave solutions for the Klein-Gordon-Zakharov equations by using the modified trigonometric function series method benefited to the ideas of Z. Y. Zhang, Y. X. Li, Z. H. Liu, and X. J. Miao, Commun. Nonlin. Sci. Numer. Simul. , 3097 (2011). Exact travelling wave solutions are obtained
Entrer dans la mer : post-humanité et dissolution du moi
Authors: Coulombe Maxime 
Published: April 2012

L’art post-humain est l’histoire d’une rencontre : il tente de faire dialoguer, sous le régime de l’art, une certaine conception de l’homme et du corps avec les nouvelles technologies. L’imaginaire post-humain n’est aussi fascinant, aussi séduisant, que parce qu’il se propose de résoudre l’incomplétude coextensive à la condition humaine. En cela, nous aborderons ici la post-humanité comme une nouvelle foi souhaitant refonder un nouveau mode d’être au monde où le sujet pourrait se passer de toute altérité. À travers l’analyse de la production artistique de Stelarc, nous verrons que la post-humanité n’est pas simple science-fiction ; si elle est fiction, c’est qu’elle est de même une réponse, se voulant scientifique, à un désir de transcendance. En cela, l’art post-humain se fait à la fois symptôme – et par là voie d’analyse – de ces enjeux de sens et lieu d’exploration des promesses post-humaines.
Transformations and Tactics
Authors: J. Martin Sylvia 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis chapter examines the production culture of the film industry of Hong Kong after its 1997 return to China. Drawing from anthropological fieldwork, I posit that the production culture cannot be separated from the larger cultural practices and social formations in which it occurs. Three recurring themes within the film community are examined: decline, flexibility, and marginal social status. The reasons for the industry's decline are explicated through an analysis of how flexibility is employed as a tactic by industry members, particularly for Chinese co‐productions. I argue that the vaunted flexibility of the film industry is influenced by colonial and postcolonial discourse about entrepreneurship and neoliberalism and has in fact fragmented the collective power of Hong Kong film labor. Finally, I explore the industry's socially marginal status and illustrate the tactics deployed to transform the industry. These three themes illustrate the Hong Kong film industry's changing context within East Asia.