bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Release in Ni‐Rich Layered Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Mechanisms and Mitigating Strategies
Authors: Chu Youqi , Mu Yongbiao , Zou Lingfeng , Wu Fuhai , Yang Lin , Feng Yitian , Zeng Lin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLiNixCoyAlzO2 (NCA) and LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM) have become extensively utilized as cathodes in lithium‐ion batteries for consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage applications that necessitate consistent power output over prolonged periods and under varying environmental conditions. A crucial structural degradation issue leading to cycling‐induced deterioration, rapid loss of cell capacity/voltage, and the onset of undesirable thermal runaway events involves the decay of cathode materials enriched in nickel. This contribution offers a comprehensive evaluation of cutting‐edge strategies in engineering and material design to enhance the structural stability of cathode materials and reduce detrimental oxygen evolution reactions. It also provides the most recent discoveries regarding oxygen release phenomena and associated mechanisms contributing to structural breakdown in high‐nickel cathodes. The primary source of oxygen depletion and the ensuing structural deterioration caused are thoroughly examined. Additionally, the kinetic mechanisms responsible for oxygen loss are scrutinized, and measures to mitigate resulting electrochemical degradation are elaborated. This overview can guide researchers in the development of oxygen‐containing cathode materials in the future, where oxygen leakage is of lesser concern compared to other forms of deterioration.
Thermo‐hydraulic analysis of wavy microchannel heat sinks with porous fins based on field synergy principle
Authors: Dai Hao , Wang Ling , Liu Yingwen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn order to enlarge the area and intensity of convective heat transfer among the coolant and heated surface, the vertical fins of microchannel heat sinks (MCHSs) with microencapsulated phase change material slurry (MPCMS) as coolant are arranged into wavy porous channels to realize more heat being dissipated to the outside. The phase transition of microencapsulated particles in laminar flow state is described, and the Brinkman–Forchheimer–Darcy model based on volume average approach and the energy equation for local heat equilibrium are adopted to portray flow and heat transfer in porous medium. The impacts of geometrical parameters on flow and heat transfer behaviour of wavy porous MCHS are numerically analyzed, and performance evaluation factor (PEF) is defined to estimate the thermo‐hydraulic capability of heat exchanger. The numeric outcomes match well with the experiments. Results indicate that MPCMS has a significant heat transfer improvement in the newly designed channel configuration compared with the coolant fluid flowing in the straight microchannel. Based on field synergy principle, the comprehensive capability enhancement mechanism of MPCMS in new MCHS is explored, and its superior thermal performance can be attributed to the improvement of the synergistic degree among flow and temperature fields, and its reasonable structural design can effectively improve the heat rejection capacity in the limited space.
Acute Stress Symptoms, Intolerance of Uncertainty and Coping Strategies in Reaction to the October 7 War
Authors: Sowan Wafaa , Baziliansky Svetlana 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundOn 7 October 2023, hundreds of armed Hamas fighters breached the security border fence and entered Israel from the Gaza Strip. More than 1400 Israeli citizens were murdered, and 239 individuals were kidnapped. Many Israeli citizens experienced these occurrences as psychologically traumatic events that caused stress and uncertainty.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to examine the relationship between exposure to war (in more distant circles), intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and disengaged coping on acute stress symptoms (ASS). First, we examined whether exposure to war and IU were directly associated with ASS. Second, we tested the mediating role of disengaged coping in the relationship among war exposure, IU and ASS.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved 393 Israeli citizens. Participants answered questionnaires on exposure to war, IU, coping strategies and ASS.ResultsThe study results indicate that higher exposure and higher levels of IU were directly associated with more intensive ASS, and this association was partially mediated by higher use of disengaged coping strategies.ConclusionsIndividuals during wartime are at risk of experiencing high levels of ASS and developing ASD. However, degree of exposure to war alone was not associated with ASS, but it was related to personal resources and coping strategies.
Expression and Purification of Human U1‐70K (snRNP70) and its BAD Domains Using an E. coli Expression System
Authors: Paul Trenton M. , Jamal Shariq , Ekpenyong Ethan , Prevelige Peter , Fargason Talia E. , Zhang Zihan , Zhang Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractU1‐70K (snRNP70) serves as an indispensable protein component within the U1 complex, assuming a pivotal role in both constitutive and alternative RNA splicing processes. Notably, U1‐70K engages in interactions with SR proteins, instigating the assembly of the spliceosome. This protein undergoes regulation through phosphorylation at multiple sites. Of significant interest, U1‐70K has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, in which it tends to form detergent‐insoluble aggregates. Even though it was identified more than three decades ago, our understanding of U1‐70K remains notably constrained, primarily due to challenges such as low levels of recombinant expression, susceptibility to protein degradation, and insolubility. In endeavoring to address these limitations, we devised a multifaceted approach encompassing codon optimization, strategic purification, and a solubilization protocol. This methodology has enabled us to achieve a high yield of full‐length, soluble U1‐70K, paving the way for its comprehensive biophysical and biochemical characterization. Furthermore, we provide a detailed protocol for the preparation of phosphorylated U1‐70K. This set of protocols promises to be a valuable resource for scientists exploring the intricate web of U1‐70K‐related mechanisms in the context of RNA splicing and its implications in neurodegenerative disorders and other disorders and biological processes. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Expression and purification of full‐length U1‐70K from E. coliSupport Protocol 1: Making chemically competent BL21 Star pRARE/pBB535 cellsBasic Protocol 2: Phosphorylation of full‐length U1‐70K using SRPK1Support Protocol 2: Purification of SRPK1Basic Protocol 3: Expression and purification of U1‐70K BAD1 from E. coliBasic Protocol 4: Phosphorylation of U1‐70K BAD1 using SRPK1Basic Protocol 5: Expression and purification of U1‐70K BAD2 from E. coli
Analysis of Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in Liquid Urine: A Straightforward Assay Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Boutin Michel , Maranda Bruno , Waters Paula J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by variants in the GLA gene encoding α‐galactosidase A, an enzyme required for catabolism of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). Accumulation of Gb3 in patients’ cells, tissues, and biological fluids causes clinical manifestations including ventricular hypertrophy, renal insufficiency, and strokes. This protocol describes a methodology to analyze urinary Gb3 and creatinine. Samples are diluted with an internal standard solution containing Gb3(C17:0) and creatinine‐D3, centrifuged, and directly analyzed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) using an 8.7‐min method. Eight Gb3 isoforms [C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, C22:1, C22:0, C24:1, C24:0, and (C24:0)OH] are analyzed and the total is normalized to creatinine. Confirmation ions are monitored to detect potential interferences. The Gb3 limit of quantification is 0.023 µg/ml. Its interday coefficients of variation (3 concentrations measured) are ≤15.4%. This method minimizes matrix effects (≤6.5%) and prevents adsorption or precipitation of Gb3. Urine samples are stable (bias <15%) for 2 days at 21°C, 7 days at 4°C, and 4 freeze/thaw cycles, whereas prepared samples are stable for 5 days at 21°C, and 14 days at 4°C. The Gb3/creatinine age‐related upper reference limits (mean + 2 standard deviations) are 29 mg/mol creatinine (<7 years) and 14 mg/mol creatinine (≥7 years). This simple, robust protocol has been fully validated (ISO 15189) and provides a valuable tool for diagnosis and monitoring of FD patients. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Analysis of urinary globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and creatinine by UHPLC‐MS/MSSupport Protocol 1: Preparation of the urinary quality controlsSupport Protocol 2: Preparation of the urine matrix used for the Gb3 calibration curveSupport Protocol 3: Preparation of the Gb3 calibratorsSupport Protocol 4: Preparation of the working solution containing the internal standardsSupport Protocol 5: Preparation of the creatinine calibratorsSupport Protocol 6: Preparation of the UHPLC solutions and mobile phases
CEO power, board features and ESG performance: An extensive novel moderation analysis
Authors: Abdullah  , Zhu Naiping , Hashmi Muhammad Arsalan , Shah Muhammad Hashim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ESG paradigm has exerted increasing pressure on firms to adopt environment‐friendly and socially responsible policies. Interestingly, less attention has been paid to the drivers of ESG performance. Therefore, we address this gap by analyzing a sample of Chinese non‐financial firms. First, we examine if CEO power dimensions influence ESG performance. Second, we investigate if board gender diversity (BGD) influences the association between CEO power and ESG performance. Third, we explore if board independence and board gender diversity complement each other by influencing the relationship between CEO power and ESG performance. The study has used a rigorous methodology comprising five statistical estimation techniques and several variable measurements. In addition, we extensively analyze the two‐way and three‐way interactions for moderation analysis. Our unique results indicate that CEO structural and duality powers diminish ESG performance while CEO expert and ownership powers enhance ESG performance. Further, we document that BGD has a positive influence on the association between CEO power and ESG performance. The results also reveal that BGD and BI favorably complement each other by influencing the relationship between CEO power and ESG performance. The further analysis results indicate that an adequate number (or critical mass) of female directors are required on the board along with CEO power to improve ESG performance. We also find that CEO tenure and ownership have an inverted U‐shaped relationship with ESG performance.
Reticular Imine‐Linked Coordination Polymers Based on Paddlewheel Diruthenium/Dirhodium Nodes: Synthesis and Metal‐Site Dependent Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Itoh Chisa , Kitada Masaki , Kondo Mio , Masaoka Shigeyuki , Yoshino Haruka , Kosaka Wataru , Ootani Yusuke , Matsuda Junko , Kubo Momoji , Konno Toyohiko J. , Miyasaka Hitoshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe paddlewheel‐type dimetal core ([M2]) is a ubiquitous motif in the nodes in coordination polymers (CPs) and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). However, their preparation has relied on ligand‐substitution‐labile metal ions owing to challenges associated with crystallization. Consequently, examples featuring ligand‐substitution‐inert metal ions, such as Ru or Rh, are scarce. This study presents the synthesis of novel reticular imine‐linked CPs incorporating the paddlewheel‐type diruthenium(II, II) ([Ru2II,II]; 1‐Ru) or dirhodium(II, II) ([Rh2II,II]; 1‐Rh) subunits. The synthetic approach involved a Schiff base dehydration condensation reaction between p‐formylbenzoate‐bridged [Ru2II,II] or [Rh2II,II] precursors (i. e., CHO−Ru and CHO−Rh, respectively) and 2,5‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine in a 1 : 2 ratio. The catalytic activities of 1‐Ru and 1‐Rh for the photochemical reduction of CO2 in a heterogeneous system depended on the metal site. The 1‐Ru system exhibited exceptional selectivity, generating 3.0×104 μmol g−1 of CO after 24 h of irradiation, whereas the 1‐Rh system generated a lower amount of CO (3.2×103 μmol g−1). The catalytic activity of 1‐Ru ranked with that of all relevant catalytic systems. This study paves the way for the exploration of [Ru2II,II]‐ or [Rh2II,II]‐based polymers with open metal site‐dependent functional properties.
Fulfilling the unmet potential: Harnessing ambition, autonomy, and agility in Northern Ireland's education system
Authors: McFlynn Paul , Davidson Mairead , McAuley Clare , Taggart Sammy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite the divisions within Northern Ireland's education system along religious and academic lines, it has managed to maintain relative stability, or at least a functional inertia, over the past four decades. The full potential, however, of this system and in particular, the Northern Ireland Curriculum (NIC), has yet to be realised. This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the intricate interplay between the NIC and Initial Teacher Education (ITE), bringing to the fore the footprint of Lawrence Stenhouse. It critically examines the salient features of the NIC, particularly its alignment with Stenhouse's pedagogical tenets, and its subsequent ramifications on ITE, for both its content and pedagogical strategies. The ambitions are, however, not without their challenges. The overarching shadow of an exam‐centric system stymies the NIC's full realisation, presenting a dichotomy between curriculum goals and pragmatic educational realities. The absence of a coherent Teacher Professional Learning framework also inhibited curriculum development. The Learning Leaders strategy, although yet to be implemented due to the collapse of the Northern Ireland Assembly and consequently lack of financial support, has the potential to pick up the baton of reform and help teachers and school leaders move closer to implementing the NIC in the way it was intended. The paper concludes by identifying the probable, possible, plausible and preferred ways forward for NI's education system.
Scavenging in two mountain ecosystems: Distinctive contribution of ants in grassland and non‐ant invertebrates in forest
Authors: Fernandes Tiago Vinícius , Parr Catherine L. , Campos Ricardo Ildefonso , Neves Frederico de Siqueira , Solar Ricardo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractScavenging is a key process for the cycling of nutrients in ecosystems, yet it is still neglected in the ecological literature. Apart from the importance of specific groups of animals in scavenging, there have been few ecological studies that compare them. Furthermore, the ecological studies on scavenging have mainly focused on vertebrates despite the crucial importance of invertebrates in this process. Here, we performed a large‐scale ant suppression and vertebrate exclusion experiment to quantify the relative contribution of ants, non‐ant invertebrates and vertebrates in scavenging nitrogen‐rich (insect carcasses) and carbon‐rich (seeds) baits in two contrasting mountainous habitats in Brazil (grasslands and forests). Overall, bait removal was 23.2% higher in forests than in grasslands. Ants were the primary scavengers in grasslands, responsible for more than 57% of dead insect larvae and seed removal, while, in forests, non‐ant invertebrates dominated, removing nearly 65% of all baits. Vertebrates had a minor role in scavenging dead insect larvae and seeds in both habitats, with <4% of removals. Furthermore, our results show that animal‐based baits were more consumed in forests than seeds, and both resources were equally consumed in grasslands. Therefore, we demonstrate the superiority of invertebrates in this process, with a particular emphasis on the irreplaceable role of ants, especially in this grassland ecosystem. As such, we further advance our knowledge of a key ecosystem process, showing the relative importance of three major groups in scavenging and the differences in ecosystems functioning between two contrasting tropical habitats.
Design and improvement of torque characteristics of half‐wave rectified variable field flux motor with axial gap structure
Authors: Yazama Kentaro , Abe Takashi , Otomo Yoshitsugu , Koga Takahiro , Shimohara Yuzen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe axial gap structure of a half‐wave rectified variable field flux motor (AG‐HVFM) has been proposed, which has a double stator structure and field winding short‐circuited by a diode. Although the AG‐HVFM can achieve a high‐efficiency drive in wide speed and torque range via variable field flux control, its structure deteriorates the average torque and torque ripple. In this paper, we sequentially design the core shape, aspect ratio, and current control method for an AG‐HVFM to improve its torque characteristics.
Characterization of serum phosphate levels over time with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus placebo as treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency: An exploratory prospective substudy from HEART‐FID
Authors: Nouhravesh Nina , Garg Jyotsna , Rockhold Frank W. , De Pasquale Carmine G. , O'Meara Eileen , Lewis Gregory D. , Butler Javed , Harrington Josephine , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Ponikowski Piotr , Troughton Richard W. , Wong Yee Weng , Blackman Nicole , Numan Syed , Adamczyk Robert , Hernandez Adrian F. , Mentz Robert J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsFerric carboxymaltose (FCM) is guideline‐recommended for iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Despite a well‐established safety profile, the magnitude and clinical significance of FCM‐induced hypophosphataemia in HFrEF remains unclear. This pre‐specified substudy of HEART‐FID evaluated serum phosphate, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D, and plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) subsequent to FCM.Methods and resultsHEART‐FID was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of ambulatory patients with HFrEF and ID randomized to FCM versus placebo. This substudy assessed mean change from baseline across eight visits over 6 months for the following endpoints: serum phosphate, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D, and PTH, in addition to the clinical severity of potential hypophosphataemia. Overall, 133 patients (n = 62 FCM, n = 71 placebo) were prospectively enrolled. Mean age was 68 ± 11 years, 55 (41.4%) were women, and 29 (21.8%) had chronic kidney disease. Phosphate levels decreased in 34 (57.6%) patients in the FCM group compared with 7 (10.3%) in the placebo group. Mean change in phosphate levels reached a nadir at day 21 (−0.36 ± 0.27 mmol/L) subsequent to FCM infusion with 28 (51%) having moderate‐to‐severe hypophosphataemia. Reductions in 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D were also observed, whilst PTH increased. These biochemical changes returned to baseline levels by day 91. Serum levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D remained stable throughout the study. No serious adverse events associated with hypophosphataemia were reported.ConclusionsTransient moderate‐to‐severe hypophosphataemia was frequent subsequent to FCM infusion, accompanied by 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D decrease and PTH increase. Serum levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D remained stable. No evidence of symptomatic hypophosphataemia was reported, collectively indicating FCM‐related hypophosphataemia to be clinically benign and transient in HFrEF.
Reaction Course Dependent Regiospecific Transformation of 4‐Azido‐Coumarin into Coumarin C3‐C4 Fused Imidazole and 5‐Substituted‐1,4‐Benzodiazepine Scaffolds
Authors: Nagamani Vediyappan , Kamaraj Sriraghavan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerein, we report an efficient route for coumarin C3‐C4 fused imidazole scaffolds via indium chloride‐mediated single‐step transformation of 4‐azido‐coumarin with amines/aldehydes and coumarin C3‐C4 fused 5‐substituted‐1,4‐benzodiazepine scaffolds with 1,2‐azide‐nitrogen migration through two‐step sequential synthesis via the transitory intermediacy of 2,3‐bridged‐2H‐azirine. A plausible mechanistic pathway has been proposed from the control/entrapment experiments and 1H‐NMR studies. This protocol provides the reaction condition‐dependent product selectivity, structural diversification, and excellent yields.
Effects of microstructure on hydraulic fracturing and gas–water production in coal reservoirs: A case study of the Dahebian coalbed methane block in Western Guizhou, China
Authors: Zhu Shiliang , Zhou Xiaozhi , Zhao Fuping , Wu Jiaxin , Han Sijie , Zhao Lingyun , Zhou Peiming , Wang Jun , Yang Zigang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of coalbed methane (CBM) in China is susceptible to the influence of microstructure. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the extension laws of hydraulic fractures and engineering responses in coal reservoirs affected by microstructure development. Utilizing the Dahebian block in western Guizhou as the study area, this investigation examines the coal reservoir characteristics, fracturing, and drainage engineering analysis of the well DC1 group in the region. The aim is to discuss the spatial distribution characteristics of hydraulic fractures, geological controlling factors influenced by microstructure, and their corresponding engineering responses. The results indicate that, for coal reservoirs unaffected by microstructure, the extension laws of the fracture network in both longitudinal and planar directions are influenced by burial depth and the regional stress field. In the microstructural belt, tectonic stress dominates, causing changes in the ground stress field. Consequently, the hydraulic fracture network deviates from the direction of the maximum principal stress during the extension process. When a secondary fracture is nearby, the hydraulic fracture network extends towards the shortest path radial secondary fracture direction, leading to a rapid increase in fracture width per unit length until it intersects with the secondary fracture. Additionally, the presence of secondary joints near the microfault structure decreases fracturing pressure and results in a dense distribution of the fracture network. This promotes the formation of a complex fracture network, favorable for fracturing. The extension of the fracture network in complex structural development areas is influenced by the microfault structure between wells, which is reflected in the fracturing construction pressure and fluid output. This accounts for the significant variations in the early drainage performance of CBM wells.