bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical stimulation of osteoblast gene expression requires phosphorylation of the RUNX2 transcription factor
Authors: Li Yan , Ge Chunxi , Long Jason P , Begun Dana L , Rodriguez Jose A , Goldstein Steven A , Franceschi Renny T 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Bone can adapt its structure in response to mechanical stimuli. At the cellular level, this involves changes in chromatin organization, gene expression, and differentiation, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we report on the involvement of RUNX2, a bone-related transcription factor, in this process. Fluid flow shear stress loading of preosteoblasts stimulated translocation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) to the nucleus where it phosphorylated RUNX2 on the chromatin of target genes, and increased histone acetylation and gene expression. MAPK signaling and two RUNX2 phosphoacceptor sites, S301 and S319, were critical for this response. Similarly, in vivo loading of mouse ulnae dramatically increased ERK and RUNX2 phosphorylation as well as expression of osteoblast-related genes. These findings establish ERK/MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of RUNX2 as a critical step in the response of preosteoblasts to dynamic loading and define a novel mechanism to explain how mechanical signals induce gene expression in bone. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Caffeic acid 3,4-dihydroxy-phenethyl ester suppresses receptor activator of NF-κB ligand–induced osteoclastogenesis and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss through inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase/activator protein 1 and Ca2+–nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 signaling pathways
Authors: Wu Xian , Li Zhenxi , Yang Zhengfeng , Zheng Chunbing , Jing Ji , Chen Yihua , Ye Xiyun , Lian Xiaoyuan , Qiu Wenwei , Yang Fan , Tang Jie , Xiao Jianru , Liu Mingyao , Luo Jian 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) stimulation leads to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/AP-1 and Ca2+–nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) signaling pathways in osteoclastogenesis. Targeting these pathways has been an encouraging strategy for bone-related diseases, such as postmenopausal osteoporosis. In this study, we examined the effects of caffeic acid 3,4-dihydroxy-phenethyl ester (CADPE) on osteoclastogenesis. In mouse bone marrow monocytes (BMMs) and RAW264.7 cells, CADPE suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and actin-ring formation in a dose-dependent manner within non–growth inhibitory concentrations at the early stage, while CADPE had no effect on macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-induced proliferation and differentiation. At the molecular level, CADPE inhibited RANKL-induced phosphorylation of MAPKs, including extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), without significantly affecting the NF-κB signaling pathway. CADPE abrogated RANKL-induced activator protein 1 (AP-1)/FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (c-Fos) nuclear translocation and activation. Overexpression of c-Fos prevented the inhibition by CADPE of osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, CADPE suppressed RANKL-induced the tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) interaction with c-src tyrosine kinase (c-Src), blocked RANKL-induced the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), and inhibited RANKL-induced Ca2+ oscillation. As a result, CADPE decreased osteoclastogenesis-related marker gene expression, including NFATc1, TRAP, cathepsin K, and c-Src. To test the effects of CADPE on osteoclast activity in vivo, we showed that CADPE prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss by inhibiting osteoclast activity. Together, our data demonstrate that CADPE suppresses osteoclastogenesis and bone loss through inhibiting RANKL-induced MAPKs and Ca2+-NFATc1 signaling pathways. CADPE is a novel agent in the treatment of osteoclast-related diseases, such as osteoporosis. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein G (gG) and gI genotypes in patients with different herpetic diseases during the last four decades
Authors: Sauerbrei Andreas , Pfaff Florian , Zell Roland , Wutzler Peter 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to genotype 375 clinical herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) isolates collected from the German Reference Laboratory of HSV and VZV between 1973 and 2010. The method is based on the amplification and the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the glycoprotein G (gG) and gI. 45.1% of isolates were classified as genotype A, 28.5% as B, and 4.3% as C. 22.1% presented different cleavage patterns for gG and gI suggesting intergenic recombinants A/B in 7.7%, A/C in 0.5%, B/A in 9.3%, B/C in 1.9%, C/A in 1.6%, and C/B in 0.5% of isolates. Two isolates from 1982 and 2010 presented atypical gI cleavage pattern consistent with novel intragenic recombination between genotypes A and C. There were no significant differences of the prevalence of genotypes A, B as well as the recombinants A/B, B/A dependent on the age/gender of patients and the time period in which the strains were isolated. Likewise, there were no significant differences in the distribution of the genotypes A and B as etiological agents of eczema herpeticum, herpes labialis, herpes genitalis, and herpetic gingivostomatitis. The number of recombinants was not different significantly in the groups of the distinct herpetic diseases. In conclusion, the study confirms the high prevalence of recombinants in clinical HSV‐1 strains. HSV‐1 infections result in clinical manifestations which are independent of the gG/gI genotype and recombinants are not associated with special herpetic diseases. J. Med. Virol. 84:651–656, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular characterization of OP354‐like P[8] (P[8]b subtype) human rotaviruses a species isolated in Japan
Authors: Kuzuya Mitsutaka , Fujii Ritsushi , Hamano Masako , Kida Kouji , Kanadani Tomohisa , Nishimura Keiko , Kishimoto Toshio 
Published: February 2012

AbstractOP354‐like P[8] (P[8]b subtype) species A rotaviruses (RVAs) were isolated first time in Japan during a RVA survey in Okayama Prefecture between 2006 and 2009. Two of 236 RVA‐positive samples were identified as G1P[8]b by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. P[8]b strains (RVA/human‐wt/JPN/OH1998/2008/G1P[8]b and RVA/human‐wt/JPN/OH2024/2008/G1P[8]b) were isolated only in May, 2008 and both patients infected with P[8]b viruses lived in the same city, suggesting that the prevalence of P[8]b RVAs is limited considerably in Okayama Prefecture. Molecular analysis of four genes (VP4, VP6, VP7, and NSP4 genes) of Japanese P[8]b strains revealed that the VP4 genes of these strains were related closely to those of Southeast Asian and Indian P[8]b strains. In contrast, the VP6, VP7, and NSP4 genes of Japanese P[8]b strains were highly homologous to G1P[8]a strains prevalent in the same area. These results suggest that the Japanese P[8]b strain may be a result of reassortment events between Japanese G1P[8]a viruses and unidentified Asian viruses possessing the P[8]b VP4 gene. J. Med. Virol. 84:697–704, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human herpesvirus 6A infects human embryonic fibroblasts and induces G2/M arrest and cell death
Authors: Li Lingyun , Gu Bin , Zhou Feng , Chi Jing , Wang Fang , Liu Genyan , Ding Chuanlin , Xie Fangyi , Qing Jian , Guo Yidi , Yao Kun 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) is a beta‐herpesvirus capable of infecting cells from different origin. In this study, infection with HHV‐6A of human embryonic fibroblasts (HEFs) was performed. Infected cells showed obvious cytopathic effects (CPE). PCR and immunohistochemical tests also confirmed that HEFs are susceptible to HHV‐6A infection. The biological effects of HHV‐6A infection on HEFs were studied. Infected cells showed decreased proliferation as measured by [3H] thymidine incorporation and cell counting. Further analysis demonstrated that infection with HHV‐6A leads to cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and increasing cell death. This is the first demonstration that infection of HEFs with HHV‐6A causes profound alterations of cell properties. J. Med. Virol. 84:657–663, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A survey for neutralizing antibodies to the three types of poliovirus among children in maiduguri, Nigeria
Authors: Baba M.M. , Haruna B.A. , Ogunmola O. , Ambe J.P. , Shidali N.N. , Oderinde B. , Marcello A. , Talle M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe milestone in polio eradication program is to protect effectively children aged 0–5 years against the three serotypes of poliovirus. It became necessary to measure the level of neutralizing antibodies to the three poliovirus types in an endemic State in Nigeria. Neutralizing antibodies to the poliovirus types among children aged 0–5 years was estimated using micro neutralization assay. Of 129 children, 99 (76.8%), 95 (73.6%), and 95 (73.6%) had neutralizing antibodies with the geometric mean titer of 42.7, 31.3, and 33.2 for the poliovirus type 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Fifty‐three percent of the children were protected against the three types of poliovirus. Combination of poliovirus types 1 and 2, 1 and 3, and 2 and 3 were neutralized by 62.8, 58.9, and 61.2% of the children studied, respectively. Only poliovirus type 1 induced antibody titres ≥1:1,024. The number of children with neutralizing antibodies after receiving three doses was significantly higher than those who received one or two doses of oral polio vaccine (P ≤ 0.05). However, those who received more than three doses of oral polio vaccine showed no significant difference in their antibody response. The existence of immunity gap poses a risk of re‐emergence of the paralytic poliovirus. The existence of unimmunized and unprotected children along with high birth rate could impede the success of polio vaccination in Nigeria. Elimination of non‐compliance to polio vaccine, promotion of health education and documented evidence of vaccination of each child with the parents may facilitate the success of polio eradication program in Nigeria. J. Med. Virol. 84:691–696, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of etravirine resistance associated mutations in HIV‐1 strains isolated from infected individuals failing efavirenz: Comparison between subtype B and non‐B genetic variants
Authors: Pereira‐Vaz João , Duque Vitor , Pereira Branca , Mota Vanda , Morais Célia , Saraiva‐da‐Cunha José , Meliço‐Silvestre António 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEtravirine (ETR) is a non‐nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with a high genetic barrier to the development of resistance and with potential activity against Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) strains resistant to first‐generation NNRTIs. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ETR resistance associated mutations (RAMs) in HIV‐1 strains isolated from infected individuals failing efavirenz (EFV), as well as to evaluate possible differences in the distribution of ETR RAMs between subtype B and non‐B genetic variants. Nucleotide sequences of the protease and partial reverse transcriptase (RT) coding regions of the pol gene of 55 HIV‐1 strains isolated from infected individuals failing EFV on regular follow‐up at a reference center in Portugal, were retrospectively analyzed. The most prevalent ETR RAMs observed were L100I, V90I, and K101E, with a prevalence of 16.4% (n = 9), 9.1% (n = 5), and 5.5% (n = 3), respectively. Overall, 47.3% (n = 26) of the nucleotide sequences had at least one ETR RAM: 38.2% (n = 21) had one ETR RAM, 7.3% (n = 4) had two ETR RAMs and 1.8% (n = 1) had three ETR RAMs. No statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of ETR RAMs between subtype B and non‐B genetic variants. The results demonstrate that ETR rescue therapy is a viable option in treatment‐experienced individuals failing EFV and suggests that ETR may be equally useful in HIV‐1 infections caused by different genetic variants. J. Med. Virol. 84:551–554, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling of doubly lossy and dispersive media with the time‐domain finite‐element dual‐field domain‐decomposition algorithm
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Jin Jian‐Ming 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYA numerical scheme is presented for the time‐domain finite‐element modeling of an electrically and magnetically lossy and dispersive medium in the dual‐field domain‐decomposition method. Existing approaches for modeling doubly lossy and dispersive media are extended to the dual‐field case, yielding a general dual‐field domain‐decomposition scheme for modeling large‐scale electromagnetic problems involving such media. A quantitative analysis is performed to estimate the error induced by the modeling of medium dispersion. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fermentation, degradation and microbial nitrogen partitioning for three forage colour phenotypes within anthocyanidin‐accumulating Lc‐alfalfa progeny
Authors: Jonker Arjan , Gruber Margaret Y , Wang Yuxi , Narvaez Nelmy , Coulman Bruce , McKinnon John J , Christensen David A , Azarfar Arash , Yu Peiqiang 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Alfalfa has the disadvantage of having a rapid initial rate of protein degradation, which results in pasture bloat, low efficiency of protein utilisation and excessive nitrogen (N) pollution into the environment for cattle. Introducing a gene that stimulates the accumulation of monomeric/polymeric anthocyanidins might reduce the ruminal protein degradation rate (by fixing protein and/or direct interaction with microbes) and additionally reduce methane emission. The objectives of this study were to evaluate in vitro fermentation, degradation and microbial N partitioning of three forage colour phenotypes (green, light purple‐green (LPG) and purple‐green (PG)) within newly developed Lc‐progeny and to compare them with those of parental green non‐transgenic (NT) alfalfa.RESULTS: PG‐Lc accumulated more anthocyanidin compared with Green‐Lc (P < 0.05), with LPG‐Lc intermediate. Volatile fatty acids and potentially degradable dry matter (DM) and N were similar among the four phenotypes. Gas, methane and ammonia accumulation rates were slower for the two purple‐Lc phenotypes compared with NT‐alfalfa (P < 0.05), while Green‐Lc was intermediate. Effective degradable DM and N were lower in the three Lc‐phenotypes (P < 0.05) compared with NT‐alfalfa. Anthocyanidin concentration was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with gas and methane production rates and effective degradability of DM and N.CONCLUSION: The Lc‐alfalfa phenotypes accumulated anthocyanidin. Fermentation and degradation parameters indicated a reduced rate of fermentation and effective degradability for both purple anthocyanidin‐accumulating Lc‐alfalfa phenotypes compared with NT‐alfalfa. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Population genetic structure and diversity of the endangered Cantabrian capercaillie
Authors: Vázquez José F. , Pérez Trinidad , Quirós Francisco , Obeso José R. , Albornoz Jesús , Domínguez Ana 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe Cantabrian capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus cantabricus) occupies the southwestern edge of the grouse family distribution range in Eurasia. It is endemic to the Cantabrian Mountains in northwestern Spain and is geographically isolated and separated from the neighboring population in the Pyrenees by a distance of 300 km. Over the last decades, the population has undergone a dramatic decline and is now threatened with extinction. This study presents the genetic analysis of the Cantabrian capercaillie population using non‐invasive samples. We performed genotyping of 45 individuals using 20 microsatellites and a sex marker. The data highlight the need for using a large number of markers when considering fragmented small populations. Genetic diversity (HE = 0.50) and average number of alleles (3.40) in the population were low. The population is fragmented into 2 clusters (FST = 0.113) that fit with areas on both sides of the transportation ways that divide its range. Both clusters exhibited additional heterozygote deficits. Geographical distance was negatively correlated with genetic relatedness (r = −0.44,P ≤ 0.001). The data show a recent decline in effective population size that can be related to an ongoing process of population reduction and fragmentation. Conservation actions should focus on the protection of local demes by maintaining a dense network of suitable patches to maximize reproductive output and the number of potential dispersers to reconnect the 2 subpopulations. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) for micro‐photonic devices
Authors: Poberaj G. , Hu H. , Sohler W. , Günter P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe state‐of‐the‐art of high‐refractive‐index‐contrast single‐crystalline thin lithium niobate (LiNbO3) films as a new platform for high‐density integrated optics is reviewed. Sub‐micrometer thin LiNbO3 films are obtained by “ion‐slicing”. They can be bonded by two different techniques to a low‐index substrate to obtain “lithium niobate on insulator” (LNOI) even as wafer of 3” diameter. Different micro‐ and nano‐structuring techniques have been used to successfully develop micro‐photonic devices. To be specific, the fabrication and characterization of LNOI photonic wires with cross‐section < 1 µm2, periodically poled LNOI photonic wires for second harmonic generation, electro‐optically tunable microring resonators, free standing microrings for hybrid integration, and photonic crystal structures are described.
On the Viscoelastic Properties of Collagen‐Gel‐Based Lattices under Cyclic Loading: Applications for Vascular Tissue Engineering
Authors: Achilli Matteo , Meghezi Sébastien , Mantovani Diego 
Published: February 2012

AbstractReconstituted collagen gels are widely used as scaffolds even though their low strength and poor elasticity limit their applications in VTE. Here, two approaches are adopted to modify their mechanical behavior: in the first, gels prepared under physiologic conditions are remodeled by cell‐mediated contraction; in the second, gels prepared in non‐physiologic conditions are chemically crosslinked. Samples are tested under cyclic loading and their viscoelastic behavior is assessed. The results show that both approaches result in lattices with adequate strength, and crosslinking significantly reduces hysteresis and permanent deformation. SEM shows that SMCs are capable of contracting and remodeling all the lattices, confirming that these are suitable supports for tissue regeneration.magnified image
Uses of proton pump inhibitors and hypomagnesemia
Authors: Gau Jen‐Tzer , Yang Yu‐Xiao , Chen Roger , Kao Tzu‐Cheg 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeHypomagnesemia associated with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy has been documented in case reports. We performed a cross‐sectional study to examine the association between PPI use and serum magnesium (Mg) levels or hypomagnesemia.MethodsData were extracted from hospitalized adults with basic metabolic panels and/or serum magnesium levels available during the hospital stays. The first Mg value was used for data analysis. Hypomagnesemia is defined as levels less than 1.7 mg/dL (or 0.70 mmol/L). Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between PPI use and Mg levels or hypomagnesemia, respectively.ResultsAmong study patients, PPI users (n = 207) had a mean Mg level of 1.91[SD = 0.34] mg/dL, and non‐users (n = 280) 2.00 (0.30) mg/dL, p = 0.004. PPI use was associated with lower serum Mg levels (adjusted coefficient β = −0.10, 95%CI = [−0.16, −0.04]) after adjusting for confounders. PPI use was associated with risk of hypomagnesemia after adjusting for confounders (adjusted OR = 2.50, 95%CI = [1.43, 4.36]). Both standard (1) and high (2 or higher) defined daily dose units of PPI therapy were associated with hypomagnesemia.ConclusionsPPI use was associated with lower serum Mg levels and hypomagnesemia in a population of hospitalized adult patients. Our study supports the general notion that long‐term PPI use could be associated with sub‐clinical Mg insufficiency or deficiency status. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adverse drug reaction reporting by nurses: analysis of Italian pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Conforti Anita , Opri Sibilla , D'Incau Paola , Sottosanti Laura , Moretti Ugo , Ferrazin Fernanda , Leone Roberto 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of this study was to describe the pattern of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports sent by Italian nurses after the enactment of the law involving them in the pharmacovigilance system. We also compared the quantity and quality of reports by nurses with those of reports by hospital physicians sent in the same period.MethodsWe analysed the reports sent to the Italian pharmacovigilance database by nurses from January 2004 to December 2010. Only reports with ADRs causality assessment defined as definite, probable or possible were included in the analysis. The nurses' reports were compared with those sent by hospital physicians in the same period. We excluded from this analysis reports associated with vaccines.ResultsA total number of 1403 reports by nurses have been evaluated. The percentage of nurses' reports of ADRs, which were serious, were 22.9% lower than the 44.9% of reports by physicians, whereas the proportion of probable ADR reports were higher among nurses than hospital physicians (76% vs 67%). Nurses put more emphasis than physicians on application site disorders (log OR = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.55–1.27), skin reactions (log OR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.70–0.92) and nervous system reactions (log OR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.11–0.44), whereas physicians more frequently report blood, platelet and liver disorders. Six drugs are present in both the top 10 drugs reported by nurses and hospital doctors.ConclusionThis study gives evidence for the potential capacity of nurses to improve the detection of ADRs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Open questions after 20 years of CuInS2 research
Authors: Scheer Roland 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn the early 1990s, CuInS2 thin film solar cells with >10% efficiency had been developed. Since then, they are limited by an open‐circuit voltage which is too low for the band gap of CuInS2. Recombination at the CdS/CuInS2 interface was made responsible for this shortcoming. This was concluded from two experimental results: a conduction band cliff found at the buffer/absorber interface and activation energy of the saturation current being smaller than the absorber band gap energy. However, replacing the CdS buffer layer in the Mo/CuInS2/buffer/ZnO heterostructure solar cell with wide gap buffers did not lead to substantially higher Voc. Also the activation energy was unaltered. In this paper, we discuss interface and bulk aspects of CuInS2 and Cu(In,Ga)S2 cells, try to give a consistent picture and make suggestions for novel experiments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.