bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpreting adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports as hospital patient safety incidents
Authors: Davies Emma C. , Green Christopher F. , Mottram David R. , Pirmohamed Munir 
Published: March 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a reporting category in the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) incident reporting system, though the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) pharmacovigilance system is the more established method for collecting ADR data. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • The majority of ADRs were shown to be of moderate risk to the patient, though some have a severe or catastrophic impact. Classification and reporting of ADRs according to NPSA guidance is possible but offers limited additional value to efforts to improve patient safety over and above the Yellow Card Scheme.AIMIn the UK, the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) includes adverse drug reactions as a reporting category, while the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme also collects data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In this study, we aimed to assess ADRs using NPSA criteria and discuss the resulting implications.METHODSADRs identified in a 6‐month prospective study of 3695 inpatient episodes were assessed according to their impact on the patient and on the organization, using tools developed by the NPSA.RESULTSSeven hundred and thirty‐three (100%) ADRs were assessed. In terms of impact on the patient, 537 (73.3%) were categorized as ‘low’ (minor treatment), 181 (24.7%) as ‘moderate’ (moderate increase in treatment, no permanent harm), 14 (1.91%) as ‘severe’ (permanent harm) and 1 (0.14%) was categorized as ‘catastrophic’ (direct cause of death). In terms of impact on the organization, none was categorized as ‘no harm/ no risk’, 508 (69.3%) as ‘insignificant’, 188 (25.6%) as ‘minor’, 25 (3.4%) as ‘moderate’, 12 (1.6%) as ‘major’ and none was classed as ‘catastrophic’. Less than 2% of ADRs would be eligible for detailed analysis according to the NPSA guidance. The ADRs that cause incidents of greater significance relate to bleeding, renal impairment and Clostridium difficile infection.CONCLUSIONSClassification of ADRs according to NPSA guidance offers limited additional value over and above that offered by the Yellow Card System. A consistent message needs to be sent to prospective reporters of ADRs; the availability of more than one system is likely to confuse reporters and does not aid patient safety.
Effect of high‐dose cranberry juice on the pharmacodynamics of warfarin in patients
Authors: Mellen Chadwick K. , Ford Marjorie , Rindone Joseph P. 
Published: March 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT Case reports suggest an association between cranberry juice and potentiation of warfarin. Studies using 240 ml of cranberry juice daily demonstrated no interaction. It is unknown if higher amounts of cranberry juice will interact with warfarin. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS Cranberry juice at 240 ml twice daily does not alter the pharmacodynamics of warfarin.AIMTo determine if high‐dose cranberry juice (240 ml twice daily) alters the pharmacodynamic action of warfarin.METHODSTen male patients taking stable doses of warfarin were given cranberry juice at 240 ml twice daily for 7 days. Prothrombin times were drawn at baseline and days 2, 6 and 8 after administration of the juice. Prothrombin times were averaged for each day and mean times were compared from each study day to baseline using repeated measures anova.RESULTSThere was no statistical difference between mean prothrombin time at baseline and any day tested during juice administration.CONCLUSIONSCranberry juice (240 ml twice daily for 1 week) did not alter the pharmacodynamics of warfarin in patients.
Rapid recovery of lymphocyte subsets is not associated with protection from relapse of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemia after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation using a reduced intensity conditioning regimen and alemtuzumab
Authors: Matthews Katie , Lim ZiYi , Pearce Laurence , Pagliuca Antonio , Alejandro Madrigal J. , Mufti Ghulam J. , Barber Linda D. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryGraft‐versus‐leukaemia (GvL) and graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) are both caused by alloreactive lymphocytes. We previously reported that GvHD correlated with higher numbers of effector CD4 T cells and Natural Killer cells early after allogeneic transplantation using a regimen comprising fludarabine, busulphan and alemtuzumab. Here, we assessed immune cell subset recovery in these patients in the context of early myeloid malignant disease relapse. Despite the close relationship between the GvL and GvHD immune responses, rapid recovery of lymphocyte subsets was not associated with protection from disease relapse. These results indicated that GvL may be weak in this treatment setting for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemia. Consistent with low GvL activity, we previously reported that mixed T cell chimaerism had no detrimental effect on relapse in this treatment setting and instead correlated with better outcome because of reduced GvHD incidence. We now report that patients with significantly higher lymphocyte numbers prior to transplantation subsequently maintained the mixed T cell chimaeric state. This pre‐transplant profile, together with absence of the early post‐transplant signature indicative of GvHD predisposition, could potentially be used to identify patients suitable for early withdrawal of immunosuppression and prophylactic donor leucocyte infusion to boost GvL activity.
Pandemic influenza A (2009 H1N1) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Launes Cristian , Rives Susana , Català Albert , Berrueco Rubén , Toll Teresa , Camós Mireia , Muñoz‐Almagro Carmen , García‐García Juan J. , Estella Jesús 
Published: March 2010

SummaryPandemic influenza A (2009‐H1N1) usually results in mild clinical illness, but in some individuals it can be life‐threatening. There are no reports of this disease among paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). We report ten consecutive patients with ALL and pandemic influenza treated in a single institution. Median age was 7 years (range: 3–12). All were treated with oseltamivir. There were no deaths. Two patients under intensive chemotherapy developed pneumonia and one required ventilatory support. ALL patients under maintenance treatment had mild disease. In conclusion, in our series only patients under intensive treatment developed a moderate to severe disease.
Bottled drinking waters: are the fluoride concentrations shown on the labels accurate?
Authors: WEINBERGER S. J. 
Published: March 2010

Summary: The fluoride concentration of 17 bottled waters was measured and compared to the concentration of fluoride reported on the label of each product. There was a great variation in fluoride concentration between the products, ranging from very low in distilled waters to over 4 ppm in a mineral water. The fluoride concentration in seven of the products was more than 0.1 ppm higher than shown on the labels, and the concentration in two of the products was more than 0.1 ppm lower. Due to the high content of fluoride, some of these waters are unacceptable for a child's diet. Conversely, some products contain insignificant amounts of fluoride which may deprive the child of the optimal daily fluoride requirement.Résumé. Nous avons mesuré la concentration en fluor de 17 eaux minerales en bouteilles et comparé concentration décrite sur l'étiquette de chaque produit. Nous avons observé une grande variation de concentration dans les eaux distillées à plus de 4 ppm dan l'eau minerale. Dans sept de ces produits la concentration en fluor etait de plus de 0.1 ppm plus élevée que celle indiquée sur l'étiquette, et dans 2 de produits de plus de 0.1 ppm moins elevee. Certaines de ces eaux ne sont pas indiquées pour les enfants en raison de leur concentration elevée en fluor. D'autre part, certains de ces produits, par leur carenee en fluor, ne fournissent pas a l'enfant le dose journalière minimale requise.Zusammefassung. Die Fluoridkonzentration in 17 verschiedenen Flaschen abgefüllte Wasser wurden untersucht und mit den Angaben auf dem Etikett verglichen. Eine grosse Variation in der Fluoridkonzentration wurde festgestellt. Von einer sehr niedrigen im distellierten Wasser bis zu 4 ppm in einem Mineralwasser. In 7 Produkten war die gemessene Konzentration 0,01 höher als angegeben, und in 2 weiteren war sie mehr als 0,1 ppm niedriger. Wegen dem hohen Gehalt an Fluoriden sind einige ungeeignet für Kinder, im Gegensatz zu anderen welche eine ungenügende Konzentration aufweisen.Resumen. La concentración de flúor de 17 aguas potables embotelladas feuron comparadas con la concentración de flúor reportada en la etiqueta de la botellas de cada producto. Hubo una gran variación en la concentración de flúor entre los productos, desde muy baja concentración en aguas destiladas hasta mas de 4 ppm en agua mineral. La concentración de flúor en siete de los productos fue de mas de 0.1 ppm y en dos, de menos de 0.1 ppm. Debido al alto contenido de flúor, algunas de estas aguas no son aceptables para la dieta de los niños. Sin embargo, algunos de los productos contienen cantidades insignificantes de flúor no ofreciendo a los noños la cantidad óptima de flúor diaria requerida.
Dilaceration of a primary tooth
Authors: KILPATRICK N. M. , HARDMAN P. J. , WELBURY R. R. 
Published: March 2010

Summary: A case is presented in which a non‐vital maxillary primary incisor failed to resorb, its root apex appeared in the labial sulcus and further investigation showed it to be dilacerated.Résumé. Nous presentes un cas de non resorption d'une incisive primaire maxillaire non essentielle, ou la racine apparat dans le sillon labial et qui se trouva lacére apres test complementaires.Zusammefassung. Fallbeschreibung eines devitalen zentralen Milchfrontzahnes dessen Wurzel nicht resorbierte. Diese Wurzel war denudiert und zeigte sich in der labialen Umschlagsfalter. Aetiologie und Therapie werden diskutiert.Resumen. Se presenta un caso en el cual en incisivo maxilar no‐vital no se reabsorbió. El ápice radicular apareció en el labial y la subsequente investigación mostró su dislaceración.
Traumatic herniation of the buccal fat pad into the oral cavity
Authors: HARIA S. , KIDNER G. , SHEPHERD J. P. 
Published: March 2010

Summary: A case is described of traumatic herniation of the buccal pad of fat intra‐orally in a 4‐year‐old boy, which presented as a soft pedunculated swelling projecting from the buccal mucosa at occlusal level. The herniated fat was removed under general anaesthesia. The aetiology and treatment of the condition are discussed.Résumé. Description d'un cas de hernie traumatique du coussin gras de la bouche chez en garcon de 4 ans, se presentant sous la forme d'une grosseur pedunculee de la muqueuse buccale au niveau d'occlusion.Zusammefassung. Fallbeschreibung eines 4 jährigen Knabens mit einer gestielten Fettgeschulst ausgehend von der bukkalen Mulora auf der Okklusionsebene. Das Geschwulst wurde in Vollnarkose entfernt. Die Aetiologie und die Behandlung werden beschrieben.Resumen. Se describe un caso de hernia traumática en el tejido liposo bucal en un niño de 4 años de edad. La lesion presentó un aspecto inflamado, pedunculado, proyectandose desde la mucosa bucal hasta el nivel oclusal. La hernia de tejido graso fue removida bajo anestesia general. Se presenta la etiología y tratamiento de la condición.
Enhancing inpatient rehabilitation through the engagement of patients and nurses
Authors: Pryor Julie , Buzio Amanda 
Published: March 2010

pryor j. & buzio a. (2010) Enhancing inpatient rehabilitation through the engagement of patients and nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(5), 978–987.AbstractTitle.  Enhancing inpatient rehabilitation through the engagement of patients and nurses Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to describe nurses’ knowledge, experiences and perceptions of a rehabilitation nursing practice development project conducted in their workplace.Background.  Several studies over the past two decades have led to increasing clarity about the nursing role in rehabilitation. Practice development is a useful vehicle for using the findings of such studies to enhance person‐centred practice in rehabilitation settings.Method.  This qualitative study, in which grounded theory informed data collection and analysis, involved interviews with 21 nurses working in an inpatient rehabilitation unit in Australia about their knowledge, experiences and perceptions of a rehabilitation nursing practice development project conducted in their workplace. The three rounds of interviews were conducted as follows: 1) December 2005–January 2006; 2) June–July 2006; and 3) October 2006.Findings.  Practice development was an effective vehicle for developing rehabilitation nursing practice. While collaboration and leadership were critical to the effectiveness of the project, the use of a clinically credible practice development facilitator and a focus on the development of collective nursing practice also seem to have been important. Through the introduction of new activities, both patient and nurse engagement in rehabilitation was enhanced and, as a consequence, the nurses developed a deeper appreciation of their role in rehabilitation.Conclusion.  Carefully and collaboratively designed and sensitively implemented work‐based practice development initiatives can change the context and culture of inpatient care. The use of a facilitator with relevant clinical nursing expertise to engage staff individually and collectively with research findings and to reflect on their practice and skill development is worth exploring in similar initiatives.
A granular variant of CD63 is a regulator of repeated human mast cell degranulation
Authors: Schäfer T. , Starkl P. , Allard C. , Wolf R. M. , Schweighoffer T. 
Published: March 2010

To cite this article: Schäfer T, Starkl P, Allard C, Wolf RM, Schweighoffer T. A granular variant of CD63 is a regulator of repeated human mast cell degranulation. Allergy 2010; 65: 1242–1255.AbstractBackground:  Mast cells are secretory immune cells whose degranulation can provoke acute allergic reactions. It is presently unclear, however, whether an individual mast cell can repeatedly degranulate or turns dysfunctional after a single antigen stimulus. This work thus aims to better define the mast cell life cycle, with particular focus on new target structures for therapeutic or diagnostic approaches in allergy.Methods:  Monoclonal antibodies were raised against degranulated cord blood‐derived human mast cells. A subset of these antibodies that exclusively recognized degranulated mast cells, but did not cross‐react with quiescent mast cells or other hematopoietic cell types, became key reagents in subsequent experiments.Results:  We identified a granular variant of tetraspanin CD63 as an exclusive molecular marker of degranulated human mast cells. Mutant analyses indicate that a cysteine cluster around residue C170 and protein glycosylation at residue N172 account for the antibody specificity. Here, we show that mast cells, which underwent an initial FcεRI‐mediated degranulation, can be degranulated for at least another cycle in vitro. Repeated degranulation, however, requires an IgE/antigen stimulus that differs from the preceding one. Furthermore, the new variant‐specific anti‐CD63 antibodies effectively impair repeated cycles of mast cell degranulation.Conclusion:  Our findings indicate that mast cells are stable, multiple‐use cells, which are capable of surviving and delivering several consecutive hits. Surface expression of the novel CD63 variant is a distinguishing feature of such primed cells. Reagents directed against this molecular hallmark may thus become valuable diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
Conversion of Th17‐type into Th2‐type inflammation by acetyl salicylic acid via the adenosine and uric acid pathway in the lung
Authors: Moon H.‐G. , Tae Y.‐M. , Kim Y.‐S. , Gyu Jeon S. , Oh S.‐Y. , Song Gho Y. , Zhu Z. , Kim Y.‐K. 
Published: March 2010

To cite this article:Moon H‐G, Tae Y‐M, Kim Y‐S, Gyu Jeon S, Oh S‐Y, Song Gho Y, Zhu Z, Kim Y‐K. Conversion of Th17‐type into Th2‐type inflammation by acetyl salicylic acid via the adenosine and uric acid pathway in the lung.Allergy2010;65: 1093–1103.AbstractBackground: Allergen‐specific T‐cell responses orchestrate airway inflammation, which is a characteristic of asthma. Recent evidence suggests that noneosinophilic asthma can be developed by mixed Th1 and Th17 cell responses when exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐containing allergens.Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic or adverse effects of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) on the expression of Th1‐type and Th17‐type inflammation induced by airway exposure to LPS‐containing allergens.Methods: Th1 + Th17 asthma and Th2 asthma mouse models were generated by intranasal sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA) and LPS and intraperitoneal sensitization with OVA and alum, respectively. Therapeutic or adverse effects were evaluated after allergen challenge using pharmacologic and transgenic approaches.Results: Lung infiltration of eosinophils was enhanced in OVA/LPS‐sensitized mice by ASA treatment, which was accompanied by the enhanced production of eotaxin. These changes were associated with the down‐regulation of Th17 cell response, which was partly dependent on adenosine receptor A1 and A3 subtypes, but up‐regulation of allergen‐specific IL‐13 production from T cells. Lung inflammation induced by LPS‐containing allergen was markedly reduced in IL‐13‐deficient mice in the context of ASA treatment, but not without ASA. Meanwhile, adenosine levels in the lung were enhanced by ASA treatment. Moreover, lung infiltration of eosinophils induced by ASA treatment was reversed by co‐treatment of a xanthine oxidase inhibitor (allopurinol).Conclusion: These findings suggest that ASA changes Th17‐type into Th2‐type inflammation mainly via the adenosine and uric acid metabolic pathway in the lung.
Processed pseudogenes are located preferentially in regions of low recombination rates in the human genome
Authors: LIU G. , LI H. , CAI L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe aim of this article is to demonstrate possible recombination‐associated evolutionary forces affecting the genomic distribution of processed pseudogenes. The relationship between recombination rate and the distribution of processed pseudogenes is analysed in the human genome. The results show that processed pseudogenes preferentially accumulate in regions of low recombination rates and this correlation cannot be explained by indirect relationships with GC content and gene density. Several explanatory models for the observation are discussed. A model of selection against ectopic recombination is tested based on the difference in distribution pattern between two classes of processed pseudogenes, which differ in the possibility of stimulating ectopic recombination. Our results indicate that the correlation between processed pseudogene density and recombination rate is probably results, in part, from the selection against ectopic recombination between closely located homologous processed pseudogenes. We also found a length effect in processed pseudogene distribution, namely long processed pseudogenes are located more preferentially in regions of low recombination rates than short ones.
The latitudinal and bathymetric ranges of marine fishes: a global analysis to test the application of Rapoport′s Rule
Authors: Fortes Rafael R. , Absalão Ricardo S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe evaluated the applicability of Rapoport’s Rule (RR) to the marine bony fishes of the world. The biogeographical pattern predicted by RR has been the subject of a large number of studies, some supporting it and some not. In this exercise, we attempted to generate results free of biases from taxonomy or geographic scale. The study area encompassed all world oceans. Our analysis was based on secondary data. We tested the relationship of the geographic range and the bathymetric range to the latitude gradient, using the method of Stevens (American Naturalist 1989, 133, 240–256). We compared all known species of marine bony fishes together, and performed a second analysis limited to the non‐pelagic species. Our results were generated from a databank including 13,957 species. The results indicated that RR (latitudinal range) is valid for 11 regions. However, there were exceptions for the northern part of the Eastern Atlantic and Pacific, the northern part of the Western Indian, and the Arctic Oceans. The analyses of RR (bathymetric range) were supported for 13 regions. We found only one exception, for the northern part of the Western Indian Ocean. The applicability of RR and its relationship to energy supply, represented here by the temperature variability of the marine water masses, was clear. The exceptions appeared when some feature associated with the distribution of water masses was superposed on the latitudinal gradient, or when some life trait characteristic of a taxon, for instance body size, was confounded with the effect of climate variability.
Randomised controlled trial comparing two school furniture configurations in the printing performance of young children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Ryan Stephen E. , Rigby Patricia J. , Campbell Kent A. 
Published: March 2010

Aim:  This randomised controlled trial compared the same‐session effects of two different school furniture configurations on printing legibility. Methods:  A total of 30 school‐age children with ambulatory cerebral palsy participated in this study. Each child provided one near‐point printing sample of up to 34 letters while positioned on Mandal‐type specialty school furniture and on standard school furniture. An assessor who was unaware of the intervention assignment scored printing errors. Results:  No significant difference in legibility score mean values between the interventions was detected and the effect size was small. Conclusions:  Compared with standard school furniture, the use of specialty school furniture did not lead to immediate gains in printing legibility and other printing performance areas for children with cerebral palsy. Further study of the influence of functional abilities, other contextual factors and the longer‐term use of school furniture on handwriting performance is recommended.