bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyse sémiologique de l'activité d'un coureur de demi-fond en situation compétitive
Authors: Berteloot Anne , Trohel Jean , Sève Carole 
Published: December 2010

Résumé Notre étude visait à identifier les éléments clefs de l’activité d’un coureur de demi-fond lors d’une course compétitive de 3000 mètres en salle. Elle a été menée en référence au cadre d’analyse du cours d’action (Theureau, 2004, 2006). Deux types de données ont été recueillies : (a) des données d’observation et d’enregistrement lors d’une compétition de 3000 mètres en salle, et (b) des verbalisations lors d’un entretien d’autoconfrontation réalisé avec l’athlète après la course, sur la base du visionnement des images vidéo de celle-ci. Le traitement des données a consisté à identifier (a) les engagements typiques de l’athlète et la dynamique de ces engagements au fil de la course, et (b) les éléments pris en compte par l’athlète lors de la course. L’analyse a permis de repérer cinq phases successives dans la course, correspondant à des engagements différents chez le coureur. Les transitions entre ces phases ont été interprétées sur la base des éléments pris en compte par l’athlète lors de la course. La discussion s’organise autour de la prise en considération conflictuelle de représentamens de nature extrinsèque et intrinsèque, du statut du plan de course, et de l’aspect collectif de la course.
Tactiques corporelles et stratégies motrices au cours de duels sportifs
Authors: Dugas Éric 
Published: December 2010

Résumé En el contexto de las prácticas físicas, el individuo en acción no es reductible a una máquina de tipo biomecánica, biológica o de información, ni tampoco a un cuerpo en movimiento desplazándose en el espacio ludo-motor gastando energía. El practicante es también un estratega en el cual la decisión se transforma en la llave del éxito motor. Notablemente, es el caso de los juegos colectivos (y en los duelos entre individuos) en el curso de los cuales los jugadores se comunican sin ambigüedades con sus compañeros pero se contra-comunican con sus adversarios. Para explorar esta efervescencia relacional, esta verdadera red de comunicación sin palabras, nos propusimos analizar el caso del duelo en el transcurso de un penalti en el fútbol. Más que reaccionar o anticipar, el arquero debe « pre-actuar » tratando de influenciar la respuesta del atacante para llevarlo sobre la táctica elegida, y recíprocamente. Entonces, se instaura una verdadera comunicación práxica fundada sobre la codificación y la decodificación del otro, mezclándose con malicia, fintas y trampas. La riqueza del estudio de los mecanismos de base de la « meta-motricidad » es rica en la aplicación práctica sobre los planes del entrenamiento deportivo y del aprendizaje en educación física y deportiva.
Corps lents, corps immobiles : quelle place pour l'absence de mouvement en EPS ?
Authors: Bordes Pascal 
Published: December 2010

Résumé L’éducation physique est traditionnellement présentée comme la discipline scolaire qui traite du corps en mouvement. L’objet de ce travail est de montrer que le corps immobile a lui aussi sa place dans cet enseignement. Aussi, nous critiquerons l’utilisation du terme « mouvement » et nous lui substituerons le terme « conduite motrice » qui réintroduit la dimension sensible et signifiante de l’activité humaine. Puis, nous envisagerons les rapports complémentaires qu’entretiennent mouvement et non-mouvement, non seulement dans les activités de type danse ou gymnastique de relaxation mais plus généralement dans les situations de jeux et de sports. Enfin, nous montrerons que, dans ces mêmes situations d’affrontement, les conduites d’immobilité sont l’expression d’intentions et des décisions qui visent, le plus souvent, un objectif d’efficacité.
Diversity of Science Linkages: A Survey of Innovation Performance Effects and Some Evidence from Flemish Firms
Authors: Cassiman Bruno , Veugelers Reinhilde , Zuniga Pluvia 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
This paper discusses the diversity of mechanisms which firms can deploy to link to science and how science links are associated with their innovation performance. Using a sample of Flemish firms, we show that there exists considerable heterogeneity in the type of links to science at the firm level. Overall, firms with a science link enjoy superior innovation performance, in particular with respect to innovations that are new to the market. At the invention level, our findings confirm that patents from firms engaged in science are more frequently cited and have a broader technological and geographical impact. We show that it is crucial to distinguish between direct science links at the invention level and indirect science links at the firm level to encounter distinct positive effects.
Serpentine flow field design
Authors: Wilkinson D. P. , Vanderleeden O. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis contribution explores many aspects of serpentine and continuous channel flow field design. These aspects include design considerations, design for performance, and material and manufacturing issues. A short introduction provides a brief perspective on the historical development of the serpentine and continuous channel flow field design. These types of flow fields have been used successfully in different applications, with transportation perhaps being the most challenging with respect to power density, dimensional constraints, aggressive cost targets, and the wide range of operating conditions required. Significant challenges and opportunities remain for improvement of the flow field design, particularly with respect to thinner cells, lower cost materials, and tolerances.
Oxygen reduction on platinum bimetallic alloy catalysts
Authors: Stamenkovic V. R. , Markovic N. M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
One way to increase performance of cathode catalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is utilization of platinum bimetallic alloys with transition metals. These systems have demonstrated great potential to overcome the existing limitations in fuel cell technology. Being the main obstacle in fuel cell commercialization, a cathodic fuel cell reaction has motivated many research groups and developers to resolve the mechanism of catalytic enhancement for bimetallic systems. This initiated studies on well‐defined surfaces that have revealed the key physicochemical parameters responsible for wide range of activities for the oxygen reduction reaction on bimetallic surfaces.
From Biomimetic Concept to Engineering Reality – A Case Study on the Design of Ceramic Reinforcement
Authors: Tuan Wei‐Hsing , Yu Ya‐Jen , Chin Yuan‐Liang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe applications of ceramics are limited by their brittleness. Though the toughness of ceramics can be improved by adding hard and strong toughening agents, their damage tolerance is still poor. Novel concept derives from fish scale is explored and used to design alternative toughening agent. The microstructure of fish scale exhibits hierarchical complexity and many weak layers are present. As fish scales are used directly as the toughening agent, the toughness of ceramics can be enhanced. Furthermore, a new toughening mechanism involving crack deflection within fish scale is observed. Based on such observation, the toughening agents with internal weak interfaces are recommended as the toughening agent. Many ceramic/metal interfaces are present within the multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). The addition of MLCCs into brittle glass improves its crack resistance considerably.
Report of two brothers with short stature, microcephaly, mental retardation, and retinoschisis—A new mental retardation syndrome?
Authors: Phadke Shubha R. , Sharda Sheetal , Urquhart Jill , Jenkinson Emma , Chawala Shobhit , Trump Dorothy 
Published: December 2010

AbstractInvolvement of genes on the X‐chromosome as a cause of mental retardation has been recognized for a long time. X‐linked phenotypes of mental retardation have been divided into non‐syndromic and syndromic based on associated manifestations. At present, more than 140 syndromic X‐linked mental retardation (XLMR) conditions have been reported and a causative gene mutation has been identified in almost half of these. Here, we report on two brothers with short stature, microcephaly, severe mental retardation, and retinoschisis. Results of karyotype analysis, fragile‐X and neuroimaging studies were normal. Fundus examination showed bilateral retinoschisis at variable stages in both sibs. X‐linked retinoschisis is a retinal dystrophy caused by mutations in the RS1 gene at Xp22.1, which lead to splitting of the neural retina and reduced visual acuity in affected men. However, as yet there have been no reports of mental retardation in X‐linked retinoschisis although genetic loci for XLMR and short stature have been mapped to Xp22.1. Sequencing and microarray analysis failed to find any alteration of RS1 gene or copy number alteration in the region. In addition, genotype analysis of Xp22.1 provided evidence against linkage to this region. The associated findings of retinoschisis and mental retardation in two brothers suggest a new mental retardation syndrome likely to be an X linked trait. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contractions in the second polyA tract of ARX are rare, non‐pathogenic polymorphisms
Authors: Conti Valerio , Marini Carla , Mei Davide , Falchi Melania , Ferrari Anna Rita , Guerrini Renzo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAristaless related homeobox (ARX) is a transcription factor containing highly conserved octapeptide, homeobox, acidic, and aristaless domains, as well as four polyA tracts. The most frequent ARX mutation found to date in patients with X‐linked infantile spasms, Partington syndrome or X‐linked mental retardation, is a duplication of 24 bp in exon 2, resulting in the expansion of the second polyA tract. Although the pathogenic role of this expansion has been well characterized, the effect of contractions in the same polyA tract is still debated since different reports have associated contractions to either mental retardation or a normal phenotype. Here, we report two unrelated girls with epilepsy and mental retardation who inherited from their unaffected parents, of either sex, a deletion of 24 bp (c.441_464del), resulting in a contraction of eight alanines in the second polyA tract of ARX. Segregation studies revealed the c.441_464del also in two healthy relatives of one of the patients. This finding supports the hypothesis that this contraction represents a rare, benign polymorphism. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Master curve and time–temperature–transformation cure diagram of a polyfunctional epoxy acrylic resin
Authors: Cañamero‐Martínez Pedro , de la Fuente José Luis , Fernández‐García Marta 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe curing reaction of a well‐defined glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐butyl acrylate statistical copolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization, and a commercial linear diamine (Jeffamine D‐230) was studied with the objectives of constructing and discussing a time–temperature–transformation isothermal curing for this system. Thermal and rheological analyses were used to obtain the gelation and vitrification times. Differential scanning calorimetry data showed a one‐to‐one relationship between the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) and fractional conversion independent of the cure temperature. As a result, Tg was used as a measurement of conversion. We obtained a kinetically controlled master curve for isothermal curing temperatures from 50 to 100°C by shifting Tg versus the natural logarithm time data to a reference temperature of 80°C. We calculated the apparent activation energy by applying two different methods, gel time measurements versus shift factors, suggesting a good agreement between them. Isoconversion contours were calculated by the numerical integration of the kinetic model. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of filler on the compression set, compression stress–strain behavior, and mechanical properties of polysulfide sealants
Authors: Lu Yu , Zhang Junsheng , Chang Pengshan , Quan Yiwu , Chen Qingmin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this work, investigations were made on the mechanical properties, stress–strain behavior during compression, swelling and compression set properties of polysulfide sealants at different carbon black and silicon dioxide loadings, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was also presented. The results reveal that carbon black filler indeed has significant effects on reinforcing mechanical properties of polysulfide sealants. Increasing carbon black loading improves the tensile strength of sealants promptly, but compression performance increases slowly. The simultaneous use of carbon black and silicon dioxide filler in polysulfide sealants hardly changes the tensile strength of sealants, whereas the ultimate elongation and compression performance of sealants are enhanced remarkably. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Crystallization and the mechanical and rheological properties of decrosslinked–crosslinked‐high‐density polyethylenes using a supercritical fluid
Authors: Cho Hang‐Kyu , Hong Soon Man , Koo Chong Min 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe crystallization, and mechanical and rheological properties of decrosslinked–crosslinked‐high‐density polyethylenes using supercritical methanol were investigated by DSC, WAXS, DMTA, and UDS. Crosslinked high‐density polyethylenes were successfully decrosslinked in a supercritical methanol condition. The residual gel content of the decrosslinked samples decreased with the reaction temperature. The crystallization behavior, mechanical, and rheological properties of the decrosslinked samples were influenced considerably by the gel content. As the gel content increased, the network gel structure restricted the chain mobility of polymer molecules in the melt state and hindered their crystallization. Thus, the nonterminal yield behavior in the melt state was enhanced and the crystallinity decreased. The dynamic elastic modulus of the decrosslinked sample in solid state increased with the increase in the crystallinity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Reactive supercritical fluid extrusion for development of moisture resistant starch‐based foams
Authors: Ayoub Ali , Rizvi Syed S. H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe main objective of this work was to reduce barriers that prevent the usage of starch‐based foams by understanding the effect and the sequence of dual‐modification of crosslinked (XL) and acetylated (Ac) starch in one continuous supercritical fluid reactive extrusion (SCFX) process on wetting properties, physicochemical properties, and cellular structure of solid foam. The starch was reacted with epichlorohydrin (EPI) and acetic anhydride (Ac) under alkaline conditions in a twin‐screw extruder in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2). An increase in EPI concentration from 0.00 to 3.00% increased the degree of crosslinking as measured by DSC and confirmed by the quantification of the glucose units in the solution after acid hydrolysis. We observed a reduction of the glucose units from 93.07% for 0.00% EPI to 6.73% when 3.00% EPI was added. With crosslinking/acetylation processing, contact angle was higher for modified starches, indicating that chemical treatments induced dramatic changes in their surface polarity. Compared with native, the contact angle for dual modified starch increased from 43.1° to 91.7° which indicated their lower wettability. The addition of SC‐CO2, EPI, and Ac to the formulation reduced the density of the extrudates and increased the expansion ratio. The average cell size in the extrudate determined by scanning electron microscopy was also found to decrease from 150 to 34 μm by the addition of the two reagents. Moreover, the dual‐modification of starches provided more hardness and adhesiveness to the extrudates than was observed for the unmodified starches. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Stretching‐induced percolation in polyvinylidene fluoride and nickel composites
Authors: Yu Lijia , Li Wei‐Ping 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTo investigate the stretching effect of polymer‐based composites, the films of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and nickel (Ni) composites were stretched at 120°C. It was found there was an abrupt increase in dielectric constants and conductivities with stretching ratio (SR). In comparison to percolation effect caused by involvement of conductive particles, it was named as stretching‐induced percolation here. When SR was near the threshold, dielectric constants showed 17 times improvement and conductivities displayed four to five orders of magnitude enhancement at 100 Hz in low Ni fraction composites. And the reasons of stretching‐induced percolation were analyzed here. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Polyamides obtained by direct polycondesation of 4‐[4‐[9‐[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)‐3‐methyl‐phenyl] fluoren‐9‐YL]‐2‐methyl‐phenoxy]aniline with dicarboxylic acids based on a diphenyl‐silane moiety
Authors: Tundidor‐Camba Alain , Terraza Claudio A. , Tagle Luis H. , Coll Deysma 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPolyamides (PAs) containing fluorene, oxyether, and diphenyl‐silane moieties in the repeating unit were synthesized in > 85% yield by direct polycondesation between a diamine and four dicarboxylic acids. Alternatively, one PA was synthesized from an acid dichloride. The diamine 4‐[4‐[9‐[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)‐3‐methyl‐phenyl]fluoren‐9‐yl]‐2‐methyl‐phenoxy]aniline (3) was obtained from the corresponding dinitro compound, which was synthesized by nucleophilic aromatic halogen displacement from p‐chloronitrobenzene and 9,9‐bis (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐phenyl)fluorene (1). Monomers and polymers were characterized by FTIR and 1H, 13C, and 29Si‐NMR spectroscopy and the results were in agreement with the proposed structures. PAs showed inherent viscosity values between 0.14 and 0.43 dL/g, indicative of low molecular weight species, probably of oligomeric nature. The glass transition temperature (Tg) values were observed in the 188–211°C range by DSC analysis. Thermal decomposition temperature (TDT10%) values were above 400°C due to the presence of the aromatic rings in the diamine. All PAs showed good transparency in the visible region (>88% at 400 nm) due to the incorporation of the fluorene moiety. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Tailored thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resins prepared using multiply hydrogen‐bonding reactive modifiers
Authors: Liu Jene‐Ku , Shau Shi‐Min , Juang Tzong‐Yuan , Chang Chia‐Cheng , Dai Shenghong A. , Su Wen‐Chiung , Lin Ching‐Hsuan , Jeng Ru‐Jong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized a phosphorus‐containing triply functionalized reactive modifier, DOPO‐tris(azetidine‐2,4‐dione), and a phosphorus‐free doubly functionalized reactive modifier, bis(azetidine‐2,4‐dione), and embedded them into epoxy resin systems. We characterized these synthesized reactive modifiers using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. During the thermosetting processes, we reacted the epoxy curing agents 4,4‐diaminodiphenylmethane and tris(4‐aminophenyl)amine with the multiply hydrogen‐bonding reactive modifiers and epoxy monomers. The introduction of the DOPO segment, strongly hydrogen bonding malonamide linkages, and hard aromatic groups into the backbones of the synthesized reactive modifiers resulted in epoxy networks exhibiting tailorable crosslinking densities, flexibilities, glass transition temperatures, thermal decomposition temperatures, and flame retardancies. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical analyses indicated that intermolecular hydrogen bonding of these reactive modifiers enhanced the thermal and physical properties of their epoxy resins through the formation of unique pseudocrosslinked polymer networks. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Asymmetric Coordination Chemistry by Chiral‐Auxiliary‐Mediated Dynamic Resolution under Thermodynamic Control
Authors: Lin Zhijie , Gong Lei , Celik Mehmet Ali , Harms Klaus , Frenking Gernot , Meggers Eric 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA method is presented for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral ruthenium polypyridyl complexes that starts from racemic cis‐[Ru(pp)2Cl2] (pp=2,2′‐bipyridine or 1,10‐phenanthroline ligands). The chiral bidentate ligands (R)‐2‐(isopropylsulfinyl)phenol, (R)‐SO, and preferably the more electron‐rich derivative (R)‐2‐(isopropylsulfinyl)‐4‐methoxyphenol, (R)‐A, serve as convenient chiral auxiliaries for the conversion of racemic starting complexes (1a: pp=2,2′‐bipyridine; 1b: pp=5,5′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine; 1c: pp=1,10‐phenanthroline) into single diastereomers Λ‐[Ru(pp)2{(R)‐SO}]PF6 (Λ‐(S)‐2a, 2b, 2c) or Λ‐[Ru(pp)2{(R)‐A}]PF6 (Λ‐(S)‐2a′) under a thermodynamically controlled dynamic transformation. The complexes Λ‐(S)‐2a, 2b, 2c and Λ‐(S)‐2a′ themselves are direct precursors for the generation of optically active ruthenium–polypyridyl complexes by trifluoroacetic‐acid‐induced replacement of the sulfinylphenolate auxiliaries with bidentate pp ligands under retention of configuration, thereby affording Λ‐[Ru(pp)3](PF6)2 (3a, 3b, 3c) complexes with high enantiomeric ratios of ≥98:2. In particular, by employing the methoxy‐modified chiral auxiliary (R)‐A, enantiomeric ratios of >99:1 were reached. In the strategy introduced here, the high steric crowding of an octahedral coordination sphere was exploited by placing a sulfur‐based stereocenter in direct proximity to the ruthenium stereocenter, thereby leading to a large difference in the stabilities of the intermediate Λ‐S and Δ‐S diastereomers and thus providing the opportunity to find suitable reaction conditions for conversion of the destabilized diastereomer into the thermodynamically more‐stable one. This method should be of high practical value for the asymmetric synthesis of ruthenium–polypyridyl complexes because it allows one to use readily available racemic ruthenium complexes as starting materials.
Design of non‐fragile guaranteed‐cost repetitive‐control system based on two‐dimensional model
Authors: Wu Min , Lan Yonghong , She Jinhua , He Yong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper concerns a new method of repetitive control based on two‐dimensional (2D) system theory. First, a 2D model is presented that enables the independent adjustment of control, which happens within a repetition period, and learning, which happens between periods. Next, the problem of designing a repetitive‐control law is formulated as a state‐feedback design problem for the 2D model. An existence condition and a method of designing a robust repetitive‐control law for a plant containing time‐invariant structured uncertainties are established by combining 2D system theory with linear matrix inequalities. Then, based on those results, a non‐fragile guaranteed‐cost repetitive‐control law is derived. The controller gain to be designed is assumed to have additive gain variations. It guarantees that the value of a quadratic performance function is less than a specified upper bound for all admissible uncertainties. The main feature of this approach is that it enables the control action and the learning process to be adjusted independently by the direct tuning of the weighting matrices in the quadratic cost function. Finally, a numerical example demonstrates the validity of this approach.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society