bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of feeding on thermoregulatory behaviours and gut blood flow in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) using biotelemetry in combination with standard techniques
Authors: Gräns A. , Olsson C. , Pitsillides K. , Nelson H. E. , Cech J. J. , Axelsson M. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe effects of thermoregulatory behaviours on gut blood flow in white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus before and after feeding was studied using a blood flow biotelemetry system in combination with a temperature preference chamber. This is the first study to look at cardiovascular responses to feeding in white sturgeon, and also the first time behavioural tests in fish have been combined with recordings of cardiac output, heart rate, cardiac stroke volume and gut blood flow. The results showed strong correlations between gut blood flow and temperature choice after feeding (R2=0.88±0.03, 6–8 h postprandially and R2=0.89±0.04, 8–10 h postprandially) but not prior to feeding (R2=0.11±0.05). Feeding did not affect the actual temperature preference (18.4±0.7°C before feeding, 18.1±0.7°C, 6–8 h postprandially and 17.5±0.5°C, 8–10 h postprandially). Fish instrumented with a blood flow biotelemetry device, and allowed to move freely in the water, had a significantly lower resting heart rate (37.3±0.26 beats min–1) compared with the control group that was traditionally instrumented with transit-time blood flow probes and kept in a confined area in accordance with the standard procedure (43.2±2.1 beats min–1). This study shows, for the first time in fish, the correlation between body temperature and gut blood flow during behavioural thermoregulation.
Effects of heterospecific and conspecific vibrational signal overlap and signal-to-noise ratio on male responsiveness inNezara viridula(L.)
Authors: de Groot Maarten , Čokl Andrej , Virant-Doberlet Meta 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYAnimals often communicate in environments with high levels of biotic noise that arises from the signals of other individuals. Although effects of background biotic noise on mate recognition and discrimination have been widely studied in air-born sound communication, little is known about incidental interference between signallers that use substrate-borne vibrational signals. In this study we investigated the ability of males of the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) to recognize conspecific female song in the presence of biotic noise originating from conspecific and heterospecific vibrational signals. We tested male responsiveness on a bean plant in playback experiments. One leaf was vibrated with conspecific female song, while to the other one we simultaneously applied either heterospecific female signal or various altered conspecific signals with different temporal parameters. We tested males in three levels of biotic noise, ranging from +6 dB to –6 dB and we compared male responsiveness in each treatment with response obtained in unilateral treatment with unaltered conspecific female calling song. Male responsiveness was reduced in the presence of heterospecific signals or when background noise from conspecific signals obscured the species-specific temporal pattern of conspecific female song. By contrast, the presence of two sources of conspecific female songs had a positive effect on male responsiveness, for as long as the signal repetition rate of perceived song did not differ from the species-specific value. In the presence of interfering background signals, searching activity was less affected than male signalling. Increased signal-to-noise ratio restored male responsiveness to the level expressed in unilateral stimulation with conspecific female song. The results are discussed with regard to male behavioural strategies for vibrational communication in a noisy environment.
Are fish less responsive to a flow stimulus when swimming?
Authors: Feitl Karla E. , Ngo Victoria , McHenry Matthew J. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYFish use the lateral line system to sense the water flow created by a predator's strike. Despite its potential importance to the survival of a diversity of species, it is unclear whether this ability becomes compromised when a fish swims. Therefore, the present study compared the behavioral responsiveness of swimming and motionless zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae when exposed to the flow of a suction-feeding predator. This flow was generated with an impulse chamber, which is a device that we developed to generate a repeatable stimulus with a computer-controlled servo motor. Using high-speed video recordings, we found that about three-quarters (0.76, N=121) of motionless larvae responded to the stimulus with an escape response. These larvae were 66% more likely to respond to flow directed perpendicular than flow running parallel to the body. Swimming larvae exhibited a 0.40 response probability and were therefore nearly half as likely to respond to flow as motionless larvae. However, the latency between stimulus and response was unaffected by swimming or the direction of flow. Therefore, swimming creates changes in the hydrodynamics or neurophysiology of a larval fish that diminish the probability, but not the speed, of their response to a flow stimulus. These findings demonstrate a sensory benefit to the intermittent swimming behavior observed among a broad diversity of fishes.
Effects of tentacle amputation and regeneration on the morphology and activity of the olfactory center of the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus
Authors: Matsuo Ryota , Kobayashi Suguru , Tanaka Yoko , Ito Etsuro 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY
The tentacles of pulmonates regenerate spontaneously following amputation. The regenerated tentacle is equipped with all the elements necessary for normal olfactory functioning, and the slugs can behave as well as they did before the tentacle amputation. However, it is not known what changes occur to the olfactory center procerebrum in the brain at the morphological and physiological levels. Here, we investigated the innervation of tentacular nerves into the procerebrum by examining the size of the terminal mass (input layer from tentacular nerves) of the procerebrum and also by staining afferent nerves immunohistochemically at 15, 58 and 75 days following unilateral amputation of the superior and inferior tentacles. The size of the terminal mass was significantly decreased, and the Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2ergic (FMRFamidergic) afferent nerves disappeared by 15 days following the tentacle amputation. However, the size of the terminal mass had recovered substantially by 58 days, as the tentacle regenerated. The FMRFamidergic innervation into the cerebral ganglion was also restored by this time. An extended recovery (75 days), however, did not result in any further increase in the size of the terminal mass. We also recorded the local field potential (LFP) oscillation in the procerebrum. We found that the oscillatory frequency of the LFP had decreased at 15 days following the tentacle amputation but had recovered at 58 and 75 days. These results suggest that the amputation and regrowth of the tentacle are accompanied by the respective degeneration and re-innervation of olfactory nerves, and these changes in the innervation status affect the basal state of LFP oscillation.
Plasma YKL-40 and Total and Disease-Specific Mortality in the General Population
Authors: Johansen Julia S , Bojesen Stig E , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Mylin Anne K , Price Paul A , Nordestgaard Børge G 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND
Increased plasma YKL-40 is associated with short-term survival in patients with cardiovascular disease and cancer. We tested the hypothesis that increased plasma YKL-40 is associated with total and disease-specific mortality in the general population.

METHODS
We measured plasma YKL-40 in 8899 study participants, aged 20–95 years, in the Copenhagen City Heart Study from the Danish general population who were followed for 16 years: 3059 died, 2158 had ischemic cardiovascular disease, 2271 had cancer, and 2820 had other diseases associated with increased YKL-40. Hazard ratios for early death and absolute 10-year mortality rates were calculated according to plasma YKL-40 percentile groupings computed within sex and age decade: 0%–33%, 34%–66%, 67%–90%, 91%–95%, and 96%–100%.

RESULTS
Median survival age decreased from 83 years for participants with plasma YKL-40 in category 0%–33% to 69 years in category 96%–100% (trend, P &lt; 0.0001). Risk of early death was increased (multifactorially adjusted hazard ratios) by 10% for YKL-40 category 34%–66%, by 30% for 67%–90%, by 70% for 91%–95%, and by 90% for 96%–100% vs YKL-40 category 0%–33% (trend, P &lt; 0.0001). Corresponding increases in participants with ischemic cardiovascular disease were 10%, 20%, 80%, and 60% (P &lt; 0.0001); in those with cancer were 10%, 20%, 50%, and 70% (P &lt; 0.0001); and in those with other diseases were 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60% (P &lt; 0.0001). Highest absolute 10-year mortality rates were 78% and 90% in women and men, respectively, who were &gt;70 years old, smoked, and were in YKL-40 category 96%–100%.

CONCLUSIONS
Increased plasma YKL-40 is associated with risk of early death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other diseases in the general population.
The Masque of Actaeon and the Antimasque of Mercury: Dance, Dramatic Structure, and Tragic Exposition in Dido and Aeneas
Authors: Walkling Andrew R. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Problems associated with the main surviving sources of Purcell's Dido and Aeneas (the 1688 “Priest” libretto and GB-Ob MS Tenbury 1266) have resulted in the persistence of fundamental misconceptions regarding the scope and nature of the work. Through a detailed examination of the “deleted dances” and their relationship to other components, such as choruses, it is possible to reconstruct what the original piece may have looked like. This process prompts a reconsideration of the “Grove Scene” in act 2, which is shown to contain a masque–antimasque pair featuring Aeneas in the role of Actaeon and the Sorceress's Spirit playing the part of Mercury. In contrast to the conventional structure in which the masque triumphs over the antimasque, in Dido the opposite is true, a circumstance that underscores and effectuates the tragic nature of the work.
Playford, Purcell, and the Functions of Music Publishing in Restoration England
Authors: Herissone Rebecca 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
During Purcell's lifetime the music-publishing business in England flourished, thanks mainly to John Playford. Since intellectual property rights did not yet exist, Playford and his successors were able to select music they were confident of selling, predominantly producing multicomposer anthologies of popular tunes. Composers may have benefited little from these publications so it is significant that some took the financial risk of printing their music without an established publisher's support. Analysis suggests that musical self-publication was undertaken for several quite specific purposes. Three self-published books stand out as the only operatic scores published in seventeenth-century England: Locke's The English Opera (1675), Grabu's Albion and Albanius (1687), and Purcell's The Vocal and Instrumental Musick of the Prophetess (1691). These substantial volumes had no obvious practical use and all sold poorly; put into political context, however, they reveal how printed music in England was developing from a purely practical performance tool into a medium through which statements could be made and musical works given monumental status. Yet Purcell's own management of the printing of The Vocal and Instrumental Musick of the Prophetess suggests that he was confused about the distinct and mutually exclusive functions of music printing in the period, which led him to misunderstand the nature of the market and how he might appropriate the medium for his own benefit.
Obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors after weight loss: a clinical trial comparing gastric bypass surgery and intensive lifestyle intervention
Authors: Hofsø D , Nordstrand N , Johnson L K , Karlsen T I , Hager H , Jenssen T , Bollerslev J , Godang K , Sandbu R , Røislien J , Hjelmesæth J 
Published: August 2010

ObjectiveWeight reduction improves several obesity-related health conditions. We aimed to compare the effect of bariatric surgery and comprehensive lifestyle intervention on type 2 diabetes and obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors.DesignOne-year controlled clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00273104).MethodsMorbidly obese subjects (19–66 years, mean (s.d.) body mass index 45.1 kg/m2(5.6), 103 women) were treated with either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (n=80) or intensive lifestyle intervention at a rehabilitation centre (n=66). The dropout rate within both groups was 5%.ResultsAmong the 76 completers in the surgery group and the 63 completers in the lifestyle group, mean (s.d.) 1-year weight loss was 30% (8) and 8% (9) respectively. Beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, blood pressure, lipids and low-grade inflammation were observed in both groups. Remission rates of type 2 diabetes and hypertension were significantly higher in the surgery group than the lifestyle intervention group; 70 vs 33%,P=0.027, and 49 vs 23%,P=0.016. The improvements in glycaemic control and blood pressure were mediated by weight reduction. The surgery group experienced a significantly greater reduction in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, albuminuria and electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy than the lifestyle group. Gastrointestinal symptoms and symptomatic postprandial hypoglycaemia developed more frequently after gastric bypass surgery than after lifestyle intervention. There were no deaths.ConclusionsType 2 diabetes and obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors were improved after both treatment strategies. However, the improvements were greatest in those patients treated with gastric bypass surgery.
A Genetic Survey of Fluoxetine Action on Synaptic Transmission in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kullyev Andrey , Dempsey Catherine M , Miller Sarah , Kuan Chih-Jen , Hapiak Vera M , Komuniecki Richard W , Griffin Christine T , Sze Ji Ying 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Fluoxetine is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for many behavioral and neurological disorders. Fluoxetine acts primarily as an inhibitor of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) to block the removal of serotonin from the synaptic cleft, thereby enhancing serotonin signals. While the effects of fluoxetine on behavior are firmly established, debate is ongoing whether inhibition of serotonin reuptake is a sufficient explanation for its therapeutic action. Here, we provide evidence of two additional aspects of fluoxetine action through genetic analyses in Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that fluoxetine treatment and null mutation in the sole SERT gene mod-5 eliminate serotonin in specific neurons. These neurons do not synthesize serotonin but import extracellular serotonin via MOD-5/SERT. Furthermore, we show that fluoxetine acts independently of MOD-5/SERT to regulate discrete properties of acetylcholine (Ach), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamate neurotransmission in the locomotory circuit. We identified that two G-protein–coupled 5-HT receptors, SER-7 and SER-5, antagonistically regulate the effects of fluoxetine and that fluoxetine binds to SER-7. Epistatic analyses suggest that SER-7 and SER-5 act upstream of AMPA receptor GLR-1 signaling. Our work provides genetic evidence that fluoxetine may influence neuronal functions and behavior by directly targeting serotonin receptors.
Cooperation Between the Septins and the Actomyosin Ring and Role of a Cell-Integrity Pathway During Cell Division in Fission Yeast
Authors: Wu Jian-Qiu , Ye Yanfang , Wang Ning , Pollard Thomas D , Pringle John R 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA major question about cytokinesis concerns the role of the septin proteins, which localize to the division site in all animal and fungal cells but are essential for cytokinesis only in some cell types. For example, in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, four septins localize to the division site, but deletion of the four genes produces only a modest delay in cell separation. To ask if the S. pombe septins function redundantly in cytokinesis, we conducted a synthetic-lethal screen in a septin-deficient strain and identified seven mutations. One mutation affects Cdc4, a myosin light chain that is an essential component of the cytokinetic actomyosin ring. Five others cause frequent cell lysis during cell separation and map to two loci. These mutations and their dosage suppressors define a signaling pathway (including Rho1 and a novel arrestin) for repairing cell-wall damage. The seventh mutation affects the poorly understood RNA-binding protein Scw1 and severely delays cell separation when combined either with a septin mutation or with a mutation affecting the septin-interacting, anillin-like protein Mid2, suggesting that Scw1 functions in a pathway parallel to that of the septins. Taken together, our results suggest that the S. pombe septins participate redundantly in one or more pathways that cooperate with the actomyosin ring during cytokinesis and that a septin defect causes septum defects that can be repaired effectively only when the cell-integrity pathway is intact.
Novel Acid Phosphatase in Candida glabrata Suggests Selective Pressure and Niche Specialization in the Phosphate Signal Transduction Pathway
Authors: Orkwis Brianne R , Davies Danielle L , Kerwin Christine L , Sanglard Dominique , Wykoff Dennis D 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Evolution through natural selection suggests unnecessary genes are lost. We observed that the yeast Candida glabrata lost the gene encoding a phosphate-repressible acid phosphatase (PHO5) present in many yeasts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, C. glabrata still had phosphate starvation-inducible phosphatase activity. Screening a C. glabrata genomic library, we identified CgPMU2, a member of a three-gene family that contains a phosphomutase-like domain. This small-scale gene duplication event could allow for sub- or neofunctionalization. On the basis of phylogenetic and biochemical characterizations, CgPMU2 has neofunctionalized to become a broad range, phosphate starvation-regulated acid phosphatase, which functionally replaces PHO5 in this pathogenic yeast. We determined that CgPmu2, unlike ScPho5, is not able to hydrolyze phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate). Phytic acid is present in fruits and seeds where S. cerevisiae grows, but is not abundant in mammalian tissues where C. glabrata grows. We demonstrated that C. glabrata is limited from an environment where phytic acid is the only source of phosphate. Our work suggests that during evolutionary time, the selection for the ancestral PHO5 was lost and that C. glabrata neofunctionalized a weak phosphatase to replace PHO5. Convergent evolution of a phosphate starvation-inducible acid phosphatase in C. glabrata relative to most yeast species provides an example of how small changes in signal transduction pathways can mediate genetic isolation and uncovers a potential speciation gene.
Functional Dissection of IME1 Transcription Using Quantitative Promoter–Reporter Screening
Authors: Kahana Smadar , Pnueli Lilach , Kainth Pinay , Sassi Holly E , Andrews Brenda , Kassir Yona 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is a key mechanism that controls the fate and response of cells to diverse signals. Therefore, the identification of the DNA-binding proteins, which mediate these signals, is a crucial step in elucidating how cell fate is regulated. In this report, we applied both bioinformatics and functional genomic approaches to scrutinize the unusually large promoter of the IME1 gene in budding yeast. Using a recently described fluorescent protein-based reporter screen, reporter-synthetic genetic array (R-SGA), we assessed the effect of viable deletion mutants on transcription of various IME1 promoter–reporter genes. We discovered potential transcription factors, many of which have no perfect consensus site within the IME1 promoter. Moreover, most of the cis-regulatory sequences with perfect homology to known transcription factor (TF) consensus were found to be nonfunctional in the R-SGA analysis. In addition, our results suggest that lack of conservation may not discriminate against a TF regulatory role at a specific promoter. We demonstrate that Sum1 and Sok2, which regulate IME1, bind to nonperfect consensuses within nonconserved regions in the sensu stricto Saccharomyces strains. Our analysis supports the view that although comparative analysis can provide a useful guide, functional assays are required for accurate identification of TF-binding site interactions in complex promoters.
A Phase I Study of Weekly Topotecan in Combination with Pemetrexed in Patients with Advanced Malignancies
Authors: Burris Howard A. , Infante Jeffrey R. , Jewell Roxanne C. , Spigel David R. , Greco F. Anthony , Thompson Dana S. , Jones Suzanne F. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Introduction.
This phase I study evaluated the safety, tolerability, preliminary antitumor activity, and pharmacokinetic interaction of weekly topotecan (days 1 and 8) in combination with pemetrexed (day 1 only) in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods.
Patients received topotecan (3.0–4.0 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8) and pemetrexed (375–500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1) over 21-day cycles. Patients were accrued across five different dose levels and were observed for safety, tolerability, and preliminary activity.

Results.
Twenty-six patients received 120 cycles of pemetrexed and topotecan, including five patients who received 8, 8, 10, 12, and 17 cycles without dose reductions, confirming a lack of cumulative myelosuppression. Four patients received topotecan (4.0 mg/m2 i.v.) and pemetrexed (500 mg/m2 i.v.), but experienced two dose-limiting toxicities (febrile neutropenia, grade 4 thrombocytopenia). As a result, the topotecan (3.5 mg/m2 i.v.) and pemetrexed (500 mg/m2 i.v.) group was expanded to 12 patients. The only grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic toxicity was one episode of grade 3 fatigue; no grade 3 or 4 nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, mucositis, or rash was reported. One non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient (12 months) and one soft tissue sarcoma patient (6 months) achieved a partial response.

Conclusions.
Weekly topotecan plus every-3-week pemetrexed was well tolerated and active. Full doses of topotecan plus pemetrexed caused brief reversible myelosuppression with minimal dose delays/reductions; no grade 3 or 4 nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, mucositis, or rash was reported. All six NSCLC patients at the recommended phase II dose had at least stable disease as a best response, including one partial response lasting 12 months. There was no evidence of an effect of pemetrexed on topotecan pharmacokinetics. Collectively, these data suggest that further phase II exploration of weekly topotecan plus every-3-week pemetrexed for advanced malignancies is indicated.