bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique Reactivity of the 1,4‐Bis(silyloxy)‐1,3‐cyclopentadiene Moiety: Application to the Synthesis of 7‐Norbornanone Derivatives
Authors: Ikeuchi Kazutada , Hirokawa Yoshito , Sasage Tomonari , Fujii Ryo , Yoshitani Akihiro , Suzuki Takahiro , Tanino Keiji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe describe a method for the synthesis of various 2‐silyloxy‐2‐norbornen‐7‐ones by exploiting the specific reactivity of the 1,4‐bis(silyloxy)‐1,3‐cyclopentadiene framework, which is generated by the silylation of a 2,2‐disubstituted‐1,3‐cyclopentanedione bearing a picolinoyloxy group at the 2′ position of its C‐2 side chain. The release of the acyloxy group during the reaction generates carbocations that are then attacked by silyloxy‐substituted carbons in the 1,4‐bis(silyloxy)‐1,3‐cyclopentadiene moiety skeleton, forming a 4,5‐cis‐fused ring skeleton. Skeletal rearrangement of the bicyclic core results in the formation of the corresponding 2‐silyloxy‐2‐norbornen‐7‐one. This novel transformation of 1,3‐cyclopentanedione moieties can be used to synthesise other cyclopentenone‐fused bicyclic frameworks.
Counting the truxillines—11 or more, the question is now
Authors: Portada Tomislav , Brkljača Zlatko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTruxillines are a group of tropane alkaloids present in coca leaves that are formed by photochemical dimerization of cinnamoylcocaine(s). Proportion of different truxilline forms present in cocaine serves as its geographical, manufacture, and storage “fingerprint”; thus, the quantitative determination of truxilline content represents one of the powerful methods of analysis and characterization of cocaine samples. Contrary to the statements repeatedly presented in the literature, namely, that there exist exactly 11 truxillines and that every single truxilline is diastereomer of any other, here we show that, in fact, a total of 15 truxillines exist, which can be divided in two structurally isomeric groups—five mutually diastereomeric truxillates and 10 mutually diastereomeric truxinates.
Malignant risk of pediatric Bethesda category III thyroid nodules subcategorized by nuclear atypia and other: A single institution experience
Authors: Jin Xiaobing , Jing Xin , Smola Brian , Heider Amer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe 2023 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) divides AUS diagnoses into two major subcategories: atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) nuclear atypia (AUS‐N) and other (AUS‐O). This study aims to compare the histological outcome and malignant rate of pediatric AUS thyroid nodules classified into AUS‐N and AUS‐O subcategories.DesignA search of our institutional electronic pathology database for the period from January 2012 to July 2023 was conducted to identify pediatric (<21 years old) thyroid nodules that were interpreted as AUS and subsequently had surgery. Cases were further divided into AUS‐N and AUS‐O subcategories. Results of follow‐up surgical resections were collected. The malignant rate was calculated and compared between AUS‐N and AUS‐O groups.ResultsThe study identified 62 thyroid nodules from 58 pediatric patients. Among these nodules, 29 and 33 were subcategorized as AUS‐N and AUS‐O, respectively. Both groups exhibited a female predominance and displayed a similar nodule size distribution. Histological analysis revealed 15 carcinomas in AUS‐N nodules, including 11 cases of classic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and four cases of follicular type of PTC. In contrast, in the AUS‐O group, a total of five carcinomas were documented, including two PTCs and three oncocytic thyroid carcinomas. Notably, the malignant rate of AUS‐N nodules (52%) is significantly higher than that of AUS‐O nodules (15%) (p = .002).ConclusionIn pediatric AUS thyroid nodules, the malignant risk in AUS‐N is significantly higher than that in AUS‐O. These findings may guide more appropriate clinical triage and/or improve management of pediatric patients with AUS thyroid nodules.
Mixed Matrix Pt‐Carbon Nanofiber Polyethersulfone Catalytic Membranes for Glucose Dehydrogenation
Authors: van der Made Dirk , van Keulen Ellis , van Haasterecht Tomas , Bitter Johannes Hendrik , Weber Martin , Tashvigh Akbar Asadi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe advancement of technologies for producing chemicals and materials from non‐fossil resources is of critical importance. An illustrative example is the dehydrogenation of glucose, to yield gluconic acid, a specialty chemical. In this study, we propose an innovative production route for gluconic acid while generating H2 as a co‐product. Our concept involves a dual‐function membrane, serving both as a catalyst for glucose dehydrogenation into gluconic acid and as a means to efficiently remove the produced H2 from the reaction mixture. To achieve this two membranes were developed, one catalytically active and one dense aimed at H2 removal. The catalytic membrane showed significant activity, yielding 16 % gluconic acid (t=120 min) with a catalyst selectivity of 93 % and stable performance over five consecutive cycles. Incorporating the H2 separating membrane showed the significance of H2 removal in driving the reaction forward. Its inclusion led to a twofold increase in gluconic acid yield, aligning with Le Chatelier's principles. As a future prospect the two layers can be combined into a dual‐layer membrane which opens the way for a new production route to simultaneously produce gluconic acid and H2, using high‐throughput reactors such as hollow‐fiber systems.
The extended finite element method in endodontics: A scoping review and future directions for cyclic fatigue testing of nickel–titanium instruments
Authors: Chien Philip Yuan‐Ho , Walsh Laurence James , Peters Ove Andreas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe present study reviews the current literature regarding the utilization of the extended finite element method (XFEM) in clinical and experimental endodontic studies and the suitability of XFEM in the assessment of cyclic fatigue in rotary endodontic nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments.Material and MethodsAn electronic literature search was conducted using the appropriate search terms, and the titles and abstracts were screened for relevance. The search yielded 13 hits after duplicates were removed, and four studies met the inclusion criteria for review.ResultsNo studies to date have utilized XFEM to study cyclic fatigue or crack propagation in rotary endodontic NiTi instruments. Challenges such as modelling material inputs and fatigue criteria could explain the lack of utilization of XFEM in the analysis of mechanical behavior in NiTi instruments.ConclusionsThe review showed that XFEM was seldom employed in endodontic literature. Recent work suggests potential promise in using XFEM for modelling NiTi structures.
How corporate climate change mitigation actions affect the cost of capital
Authors: Wang Yizhou , Shen Siyu , Xie Jun , Fujii Hidemichi , Keeley Alexander Ryota , Managi Shunsuke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractJapan has been at the forefront of global efforts to accelerate climate change mitigation. Japanese firms have led in the development of decarbonization technologies and have positively disclosed climate change‐related information based on the Task Force on Climate‐related Financial Disclosures recommendations to address climate change. We explore the relationship between corporate climate change mitigation actions and the cost of capital for 2100 Japanese listed companies from 2017 to 2021. The results reveal that a higher carbon intensity correlates with an increased cost of equity, debt, and weighted average cost of capital. Interestingly, although climate‐related information disclosure is associated with an increased cost of debt, it concurrently lowers the cost of equity and overall capital. This research recommends strategic approaches for firms to reduce their costs of capital while proactively combating climate change, highlighting the divergent responses of equity and bond markets to decarbonization initiatives.
Influence of F‐Containing Materials on Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Kaiwen , Zhu Lina , Yang Guangyue , Zheng Likai , Wang Yuehui , Zhang Bingqian , Zhou Jierui , Bian Jiming , Zhang Fengshan , Yu Shitao , Liu Shiwei , Wang Minhuan , Xiao Juan‐Ding , Guo Xin , Jiang Xiaoqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are usually modified and passivated to improve their performance and stability. The interface modification and bulk doping are the two basic strategies. Fluorine (F)‐containing materials are highly favored because of their unique hydrophobicity and coordination ability. This review discusses the basic characteristics of F, and the basic principles of improving the photovoltaic performance and stability of PSC devices using F‐containing materials. We systematically summarized the latest progress in the application of F‐containing materials to achieve efficient and stable PSCs on several key interface layers. It is believed that this work will afford significant understanding and inspirations toward the future application directions of F‐containing materials in PSCs, and provide profound insights for the development of efficient and stable PSCs.
Sulfite‐Assisted Acetate Conversion from CO Electroreduction
Authors: Ma Jiaxing , Liu Tianyang , Hao Shuya , Yan Shuai , Xu Zikai , Yang Songtao , Shen Haifeng , Jing Yu , Peng Chen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe efficient acetate conversion from CO electroreduction is challenging due to the poor selectivity at high reaction rate, which requires the competition with H2 and other C2+ (i. e., ethylene, ethanol, n‐propanol) reduction products. Electrolyte engineering is one of the efficient strategies to regulate the reaction microenvironment. In this work, the adding of sulfite (SO32−) with high nucleophilicity in KOH electrolytes was demonstrated to enable improving the CO‐to‐acetate conversion via generating a S−O chemical bond between SO32− and oxygenated *C2 intermediates (i. e., *CO−CO, *CO−COH) compared with that in pure KOH system on both synthesized Cu(200)‐ and normal commercial Cu(111)‐facets‐exposed metallic Cu catalysts. As a result, the prepared Cu(200)‐facets‐exposed metallic Cu catalyst with surface ions modification showed an superior Faradaic efficiency of 63.6 % at −0.6 A ⋅ cm−2, and extraordinary absolute value of peak partial current density as high as 1.52 A ⋅ cm−2 with adding SO32− in KOH electrolytes, compared to the best reported values in both CO and CO2 electroreduction. Our work suggests an attractive strategy to introduce the oxyanion with high nucleophilicity in electrolytes to regulate the microenvironment for industrial‐current‐density electrosynthesis of acetate from CO electroreduction.
Modulated model predictive current control technique for triple‐boost seven‐level switched capacitor‐based inverter topology
Authors: Bhanuchandar Aratipamula , Murthy Bhagwan K. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryTraditionally, the finite control set‐based model predictive current control technique (MPC2T) inherently wrenches from the variable switching frequency of operation. To obtain the fixed switching frequency of operation, different types of predictive control approaches have been reported in the literature. However, these are complex while going to single‐phase higher‐level inverter topologies and are not to be generalized in a simple manner. In this paper, a new generalized modulated MPC2T has been proposed for single‐phase switched capacitor‐based multilevel inverter (SC‐MLI) topologies. In this technique, the optimum inverter output voltage (O‐IOV) has been generated by nullifying the derivative of the cost function. The normalized O‐IOV is fed to a new single modulating floor function (F2) single carrier‐based pulse width modulation technique. Compared to all routine PWM approaches, this specific F2‐based modulation stage is extremely straightforward even for higher‐level inverter topologies. The sensorless voltage balancing of switched capacitor topologies completely eradicates the need for weighting factors in predictive algorithms. To verify the robustness and performance of the perspicuous proposed technique, the conventional triple boost SC‐MLI topology has been considered and elucidated with the different steady and dynamic operation of results.
Identifying microbial drivers in biological phenotypes with a Bayesian network regression model
Authors: Ozminkowski Samuel , Solís‐Lemus Claudia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn Bayesian Network Regression models, networks are considered the predictors of continuous responses. These models have been successfully used in brain research to identify regions in the brain that are associated with specific human traits, yet their potential to elucidate microbial drivers in biological phenotypes for microbiome research remains unknown. In particular, microbial networks are challenging due to their high dimension and high sparsity compared to brain networks. Furthermore, unlike in brain connectome research, in microbiome research, it is usually expected that the presence of microbes has an effect on the response (main effects), not just the interactions. Here, we develop the first thorough investigation of whether Bayesian Network Regression models are suitable for microbial datasets on a variety of synthetic and real data under diverse biological scenarios. We test whether the Bayesian Network Regression model that accounts only for interaction effects (edges in the network) is able to identify key drivers (microbes) in phenotypic variability. We show that this model is indeed able to identify influential nodes and edges in the microbial networks that drive changes in the phenotype for most biological settings, but we also identify scenarios where this method performs poorly which allows us to provide practical advice for domain scientists aiming to apply these tools to their datasets. BNR models provide a framework for microbiome researchers to identify connections between microbes and measured phenotypes. We allow the use of this statistical model by providing an easy‐to‐use implementation which is publicly available Julia package at https://github.com/solislemuslab/BayesianNetworkRegression.jl.
Distribution patterns of the two genetic groups of Corbicula fluminea in a lotic–lentic system
Authors: Jia Meixiang , Cheng Fei , Li Jin , Schmidt Bjorn Victor , Li Yacheng , Xie Songguang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDifferences in local habitat conditions are often implicated as drivers for morphological and genetic divergence in natural populations. However, there are still relatively few studies regarding how divergent habitats influence patterns for morphotypes and genetic lineages in aquatic invertebrates. In this study, we explored the morphological patterns, genetic divergence, and distributions of a bivalve, Corbicula fluminea, in a lotic–lentic system. Sampling locations included lotic, ecotone, and lentic habitats. First, we found two lineages (Lineages A and B) with significant genetic divergence that primarily corresponded to two morphotypes (Morphs D and C) of C. fluminea. Lineage A consisted of 88.68% Morph D (shell sculpture: 8–14 ridges/cmsh) and 11.32% Morph C (shell sculpture: 15 ridges/cmsh) individuals and had genetic similarity to invasive populations. Lineage B consisted of only Morph C (shell sculpture: 15–23 ridges/cmsh). Second, we revealed clear effects of habitat on the spatial distribution patterns for the two lineages of C. fluminea. Lineage A was dominant in lotic habitats, with a significantly higher density than that of Lineage B in these locations. Lineage B was dominant in lentic habitats. However, both lineages had their highest densities in the ecotone habitat, without clear dominance and no significant difference in density between groups. Individuals of Lineages A and B are different in shell morphology, which may be related to a benefit trade‐off between shell shapes that allow for rapid burrowing and holding position in different flow conditions. The distribution patterns indicate that Lineages A and B may not prefer uniquely lotic and lentic habitats, but each lineage is more tolerant to one habitat type, respectively. Generally, our study established a correlation among morphotypes, lineages, and different habitats for C. fluminea along a lotic–lentic gradient system, which has important implementations for fisheries management units and for understanding the role of habitat preference for this species in monitoring for pioneer dispersal in invasive species management.
Future climatically suitable areas for bats in South Asia
Authors: Srinivasulu Aditya , Zeale Matt R. K. , Srinivasulu Bhargavi , Srinivasulu Chelmala , Jones Gareth , González‐Suárez Manuela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClimate change majorly impacts biodiversity in diverse regions across the world, including South Asia, a megadiverse area with heterogeneous climatic and vegetation regions. However, climate impacts on bats in this region are not well‐studied, and it is unclear whether climate effects will follow patterns predicted in other regions. We address this by assessing projected near‐future changes in climatically suitable areas for 110 bat species from South Asia. We used ensemble ecological niche modelling with four algorithms (random forests, artificial neural networks, multivariate adaptive regression splines and maximum entropy) to define climatically suitable areas under current conditions (1970–2000). We then extrapolated near future (2041–2060) suitable areas under four projected scenarios (combining two global climate models and two shared socioeconomic pathways, SSP2: middle‐of‐the‐road and SSP5: fossil‐fuelled development). Projected future changes in suitable areas varied across species, with most species predicted to retain most of the current area or lose small amounts. When shifts occurred due to projected climate change, new areas were generally northward of current suitable areas. Suitability hotspots, defined as regions suitable for >30% of species, were generally predicted to become smaller and more fragmented. Overall, climate change in the near future may not lead to dramatic shifts in the distribution of bat species in South Asia, but local hotspots of biodiversity may be lost. Our results offer insight into climate change effects in less studied areas and can inform conservation planning, motivating reappraisals of conservation priorities and strategies for bats in South Asia.
Floral resource wastage: Most nectar produced by the mass‐flowering crop oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is uncollected by flower‐visiting insects
Authors: Harris Ciaran , Balfour Nicholas J. , Ratnieks Francis L. W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCultivation of the mass‐flowering crop oilseed rape (OSR), Brassica napus, can provide insects with super‐abundant nectar and pollen while in bloom. Several authors have suggested breeding cultivars to produce more abundant nectar and pollen to help mitigate insect decline. However, in Britain most, 95%, OSR blooms in spring (March–May), which has been suggested to be a period of nectar surplus and reduced exploitative competition. Therefore, a large proportion of floral resources produced by OSR during this period may be uncollected. Although there has been extensive work examining OSR nectar and pollen production, no study, to our knowledge, has measured this in relation to the demand by the flower‐visiting insects. Here we quantified the percentage of nectar produced by spring blooming OSR which was uncollected in four OSR fields per year over 2 years. This was achieved by measuring the nectar in both insect accessible and inaccessible (i.e. mesh‐covered) flowers. We also quantified uncollected pollen in flowers at the beginning and the end of anthesis using a haemocytometer. Most of the nectar (69%) and a fifth of pollen (19%) was uncollected in spring blooming OSR. Based on the estimates of nectar production and observed number of insects, nectar supply per insect was estimated at 2204 μL nectar insect−1 h−1, which exceeds potential collection rates by flower‐visiting insects. Given the majority of B. napus is spring blooming, breeding cultivars of OSR which produce more nectar, while not being detrimental to flower‐visiting insects, may be of little conservation benefit.
Economic aspects of long‐term left ventricular assist device treatment for chronic heart failure
Authors: Welp Henryk , Sindermann Jürgen , Dell'Aquila Angelo Maria , Deschka Heinz , Hoffmeier Andreas , Scherer Mirela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsTechnological advances and the current shortage of donor organs have contributed to an increase in the number of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantations in patients with end‐stage heart failure. Demographic change and medical progress might raise the number of these patients, resulting in a further increase in the number of LVAD implantations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term costs of LVAD therapy and identify diagnoses resulting in expensive stays.Methods and resultsIn this retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, all patients after implantation of a second‐ or third‐generation LVAD by 31 March 2022 were included. In addition to demographic and survival data, revenues and case mix points were determined for each patient. Of the 163 patients included, 75.5% were male. The mean age at LVAD implantation was 52 ± 14 years. The mean survival was 1458 ± 127 days. During follow‐up, the total inpatient treatment time per patient was 70 ± 87 days. The average duration of outpatient treatment was 55.1%, based on the total duration of support. The average revenue per patient for the implant stay was $193 192.35 ± $111 801.29, for inpatient readmissions $52 068.96 ± $116 630.00, and for outpatient care $53 195.94 ± $62 363.53.ConclusionsLVAD implantation in patients with end‐stage heart failure leads to improved survival but a significant increase in treatment costs. Further multi‐centre studies are necessary in order to be able to assess the effects of long‐term LVAD treatment on the healthcare system.
Direct Functionalization of para‐Quinones: A Historical Review and New Perspectives
Authors: Kumar Jha Raushan , Kumar Sangit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe direct functionalization of quinones has always fascinated research communities due to their biological and redox activities and subsequent application. Quinone motifs play a vital role as precursors for many bioactive compounds and materials; hence, many ingenious methodologies have been elaborated for exploring these units. A significant part of the synthetic strategies towards the functionalized quinones has been achieved by installing substituents on hydroquinones, phenols, or quinone itself by different oxidative coupling reactions via radical pathways with or without the utilization of metal catalysts. The functionalization of simple quinones via direct C−H bond remains challenging due to their inherited electronic nature and high bond dissociation energy. This review article summarizes the recent advancement made for functionalized quinones through direct functionalization of simple quinones. Our primary focus will be on the synthetic approaches and mechanistic pathways of these reactions that have appeared in the last two decades, along with a short historical importance of the quinone family.