bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation into the dynamics of chalcopyrite bioleaching
Authors: Kotsiopoulos Athanasios , Hansford Geoffrey S. , Rawatlal Randhir 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA study was undertaken to investigate the dynamics of chalcopyrite bioleaching. The analysis revealed significant dynamics features because the chemical leaching rate of chalcopyrite does not vary monotonically with solution redox potential but undergoes a maximum followed by a minimum as potential increases. The analysis does account for reaction passivation, an effect that has consistently been reported in the literature. The existence and stability of steady states were determined as functions of the solution redox potential, reactor temperature, and biomass concentration. It was found that the rate of bioleaching increased with temperature at lower overall solution potentials with competitive rates observed at high ferric/ferrous ion ratios. Both high and low overall bioleaching rates were observed with increasing biomass concentration, indicating an upper concentration limit before passivation. These results indicate that the frequently observed inhibiting rates may simply be artifacts of the system dynamics rather than due to physical phenomena. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Dose‐intensified treatment of Burkitt lymphoma and B‐cell lymphoma unclassifiable, (with features intermediate between diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma) in young adults (<50 years): A comparison of two adapted BFM protocols
Authors: Tauro Sudhir , Cochrane Lynda , Lauritzsen Grete Fossum , Baker Lee , Delabie Jan , Roberts Claudia , Mahendra Premini , Holte Harald 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe chemotherapy dose‐intensity in two adapted German BFM paediatric protocols (BFM 90 and NHL 86) was compared in contemporaneously treated adults <50 years with Burkitt lymphoma and B‐cell lymphoma unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma (collectively referred to as BL). In BFM 90, primary prophylaxis with Granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor was used, postinduction treatment was started at granulocytes ≥0.5 × 109/L (≥1.0 × 109/L in NHL 86) with a higher mean methotrexate dose (2.9 g/m2/cycle, n = 23; 1.6 g/m2/cycle in NHL 86, n = 22, P < 0.001). Intervals between consecutive treatment‐cycles were shorter in BFM 90 (P < 0.001) with no additional toxicity. However, the two‐year failure‐free survival with BFM 90 (82%) was similar to that achieved with NHL 86 (72%, P = 0.33). We conclude that BFM 90 enables safe intensification of therapy in young adults with BL compared to NHL 86, but registry‐based studies are required to further evaluate the antineoplastic effects and cost‐effectiveness of the two therapeutic approaches. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determinants of the optimal first‐line therapy for follicular lymphoma: A decision analysis
Authors: Olin Rebecca L. , Kanetsky Peter A. , Ten Have Thomas R. , Nasta Sunita D. , Schuster Stephen J. , Andreadis Charalambos 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCombination immunochemotherapy is the most common approach for initial therapy of patients with advanced‐stage follicular lymphoma, but no consensus exists as to the optimal selection or sequence of available regimens. We undertook this decision analysis to systematically evaluate the parameters affecting the choice of early therapy in patients with this disease. We designed a Markov model incorporating the three most commonly utilized regimens (RCVP, RCHOP, and RFlu) in combinations of first‐ and second‐line therapies, with the endpoint of number of quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) until disease progression. Data sources included Phase II and Phase III trials and literature estimates of long‐term toxicities and health state utilities. Meta‐analytic methods were used to derive the values and ranges of regimen‐related parameters. Based on our model, the strategy associated with the greatest number of expected quality‐adjusted life years was treatment with RCHOP in first‐line therapy followed by treatment with RFlu in second‐line therapy (9.00 QALYs). Strategies containing RCVP either in first‐ or second‐line therapy resulted in the lowest number of QALYs (range 6.24–7.71). Sensitivity analysis used to determine the relative contribution of each model parameter identified PFS after first‐line therapy and not short‐term QOL as the most important factor in prolonging overall quality‐adjusted life years. Our results suggest that regimens associated with a longer PFS provide a greater number of total QALYs, despite their short‐term toxicities. For patients without contraindications to any of these regimens, use of a more active regimen may maximize overall quality of life. Am. J. Hematol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FDA report: Ferumoxytol for intravenous iron therapy in adult patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lu Min , Cohen Martin H. , Rieves Dwaine , Pazdur Richard 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOn June 30, 2009, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ferumoxytol (Feraheme™ injection, AMAG Pharmaceuticals), an iron‐containing product for intravenous (IV) administration, for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The safety and efficacy of ferumoxytol were assessed in three randomized, open‐label, controlled clinical trials. Two trials evaluated patients with nondialysis dependent CKD and a third trial assessed patients undergoing hemodialysis. Randomization was either to ferumoxytol or oral iron. Ferumoxytol was administered as two 510 mg IV injections, separated by 3–8 days. Oral iron, Ferro‐Sequels®, was administered at a dose of 100 mg twice daily for 21 days. In all three clinical trials, ferumoxytol administration increased the mean blood hemoglobin (Hgb) concentrations by ∼1.0 g/dL over the 35 day period, a mean increase that was greater than what was observed in patients receiving oral iron. Patients receiving ferumoxytol also had increases in blood transferrin saturation (TSAT) and ferritin values. For the proposed ferumoxytol dosing regimen, 4.9% of patients had serum ferritin ≥800 ng/mL and TSAT ≥50% post‐treatment. The most important ferumoxytol safety concerns were hypersensitivity reactions and/or hypotension. Anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reactions were reported in 0.2% of subjects, and other adverse reactions potentially associated with hypersensitivity (e.g., pruritus, rash, urticaria, or wheezing) were reported in 3.7%. Hypotension was observed in 1.9%, including three patients with serious hypotensive reactions. Ferumoxytol administration may transiently affect the diagnostic ability of magnetic resonance imaging and the drug label provides further information regarding this effect. Am. J. Hematol. 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A genetic analysis of the Sakishima islanders reveals no relationship with Taiwan aborigines but shared ancestry with Ainu and main‐island Japanese
Authors: Matsukusa Hirotaka , Oota Hiroki , Haneji Kuniaki , Toma Takashi , Kawamura Shoji , Ishida Hajime 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Sakishima islands are members of the Ryukyu island chain, stretching from the southwestern tip of the Japanese archipelago to Taiwan in the East China Sea. Archaeological data indicate cultural similarities between inhabitants of prehistoric Sakishima and Neolithic Taiwan. Recent studies based on tooth crown traits show remarkably high inter‐island diversity among Ryukyu islanders, suggesting that the Sakishima islanders might have genetic backgrounds distinct from main‐island Okinawa people. To investigate the genetic diversity of the Ryukyu islanders, we analyzed mtDNA, Y chromosome, and autosomal short tandem repeat loci in a sample of main‐island Okinawa people and Sakishima (Miyako and Ishigaki) islanders whose participated in a previous study of tooth crown morphology. Our phylogenetic analysis of maternal (mtDNA) and paternal (Y chromosome) lineages shows that the Sakishima islanders are more closely related to people from the Japanese archipelago than to Taiwan aborigines. Miyako islanders and the Hokkaido Ainu have the first and second highest frequencies (respectively) of the Y‐chromosomal Alu‐insertion polymorphism, which is a presumable Jomon marker. Genetic diversity statistics show no evidence of demographic reduction or of extreme isolation in each island's population. Thus, we conclude that 1) Neolithic expansion from Taiwan did not contribute to the gene pool of modern Sakishima islanders, 2) male‐lineage of the Ryukyu islanders likely shares a common ancestor with the Hokkaido Ainu who are presumably direct descendants of the Jomon people, and 3) frequent reciprocal gene flow among islands has masked the trace of common ancestry in the Ryukyu island chain. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gait dynamics of Cebus apella during quadrupedalism on different substrates
Authors: Carlson Kristian J. , Demes Brigitte 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPrimates are distinguished from many mammals by emphasizing arboreal lifestyles. Primate arboreal adaptations include specializations for enhancing balance and manipulative skills. Compliant gait and diagonal sequence (DS) footfalls are hypothesized mechanisms for improving balance during arboreal quadrupedalism (AQ), while simultaneously permitting vertical peak force reductions sustained by limbs, particularly forelimbs (FLs). Capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) are arboreally‐adapted quadrupeds that use both lateral sequence (LS) and DS footfalls. As tool‐users, capuchins experience selective pressures for FL manipulative capabilities, which seemingly conflict with encountering substantial locomotor stresses. We evaluate kinetic and 3‐D kinematic data from 172 limb contacts of two adult males on terrestrial and arboreal substrates to address questions about C. apella gait compliancy, kinematics of LS and DS footfalls during quadrupedalism on different substrates, and whether capuchins reduce FL vertical peak forces relative to hind limb (HL) forces more than other primates that use tools or those that do not. Lower vertical peak forces during AQ are consistent with compliant gait, but mixed kinematic results obscure how the reduction occurs. Forearm adduction angle is one consistent kinematic difference between terrestrial and arboreal quadrupedalism, which may implicate frontal plane movements in gait compliancy. Major differences between DS and LS gaits were not observed in kinetic or kinematic comparisons. Capuchins exhibit low FL/HL vertical peak force ratios like several anthropoids, including tool‐users (e.g., chimpanzees), and species not considered tool‐users in free‐ranging conditions (e.g., spider monkeys). Additional selective pressures besides simply tool use appear responsible for the relative reduction in primate forelimb forces. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vitamin D status is associated with relapse rate in pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mowry Ellen M. , Krupp Lauren B. , Milazzo Maria , Chabas Dorothee , Strober Jonathan B. , Belman Anita L. , McDonald Jamie C. , Oksenberg Jorge R. , Bacchetti Peter , Waubant Emmanuelle 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to determine if vitamin D status, a risk factor for multiple sclerosis, is associated with the rate of subsequent clinical relapses in pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of patients with pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis or clinically isolated syndrome who were consecutively recruited into a prospective cohort at their clinical visit at the pediatric multiple sclerosis center of University of California, San Francisco or State University of New York at Stony Brook. Of 171 eligible patients, 134 (78%) with multiple sclerosis/clinically isolated syndrome were included in the cohort; a further 24 were excluded from this analysis due to lack of available serum (n = 7) or lack of follow‐up (n = 17). Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were measured and were adjusted to reflect a deseasonalized value. The adjusted serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 level was the primary predictor in a multivariate negative binomial regression model in which the main outcome measure was the number of subsequent relapses.ResultsAmong the 110 subjects, the mean unadjusted 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 level was 22 ± 9ng/ml. After adjustment for age, gender, race, ethnicity, disease duration, disease‐modifying therapy, and length of follow‐up, every 10ng/ml increase in the adjusted 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 level was associated with a 34% decrease in the rate of subsequent relapses (incidence rate ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.46–0.95; p = 0.024).InterpretationLower serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 levels are associated with a substantially increased subsequent relapse rate in pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis or clinically isolated syndrome, providing rationale for a randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:618–624
Acyclovir resistance in herpes simplex encephalitis
Authors: Schulte Eva C. , Sauerbrei Andreas , Hoffmann Dieter , Zimmer Claus , Hemmer Bernhard , Mühlau Mark 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 1 is a common cause of severe sporadic encephalitis. Treatment with acyclovir is highly effective in this disease. We report the case of a 27‐year‐old, immunocompetent woman with acyclovir‐resistant herpes simplex encephalitis. Although she had not been treated before, herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA from the cerebrospinal fluid showed a non‐synonymous mutation in the thymidine kinase gene, which is likely to have caused resistance to acyclovir. Herpes simplex encephalitis resolved after treatment with foscarnet. To our knowledge, this is the first report of acyclovir‐resistant herpes simplex virus encephalitis in an immunocompetent, previously therapy‐naive adult. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:830–833
Pediatric moyamoya disease: An analysis of 410 consecutive cases
Authors: Kim Seung‐Ki , Cho Byung‐Kyu , Phi Ji Hoon , Lee Ji Yeoun , Chae Jong Hee , Kim Ki Joong , Hwang Yong‐Seung , Kim In‐One , Lee Dong Soo , Lee Joongyub , Wang Kyu‐Chang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveMoyamoya disease (MMD) is a cerebrovascular occlusive disease of the bilateral internal carotid arteries that causes a compensatory abnormal vascular network at the base of brain. The rare incidence and various surgical techniques applied have limited the clinical research on MMD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the surgical outcome of 410 pediatric MMD patients. All patients were treated in a relatively uniform scheme at a single institution. The surgical procedures consisted of bilateral encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis augmented by bifrontal encephalogaleo‐/periosteal synangiosis. Logistic regression analyses were applied to reveal the prognostic factors for surgical outcome.ResultsThe overall clinical outcome was excellent in 66%, good in 15%, fair in 15%, and poor in 4% of the patients. Therefore, 81% of the patients had a favorable clinical outcome (excellent and good). Multivariate analyses revealed that infarction on presentation was associated with unfavorable clinical outcome (odds ratio [OR], 2.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–5.46; p < 0.01) and decreased vascular reserve only on single‐photon emission computerized tomography (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01–0.52; p < 0.01), with favorable clinical outcome.InterpretationOur results indicate that an early diagnosis and active intervention before establishment of irreversible hemodynamic change are essential to achieve a favorable clinical outcome in children with MMD. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:92–101
The effect of anionic clay particles on the structure and thermomechanical behavior of sodium partially‐neutralized EMAA ionomer
Authors: Ardanuy M. , Velasco J. I. , Rodriguez‐Perez M. A. , de Saja J. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNanocomposites based on a sodium partially‐neutralized ionomer of poly(ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) (EMAA) and MgAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) particles with and without organic modification were prepared from a melt mixing process. The structure was characterized using X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Although TEM micrographies revealed the presence of agglomerates of LDH sheets, the achievement of an exfoliated structure was observed when dodecyl sulphate‐modified LDH particles were used. The effects of the LDH particles on the thermomechanical properties of EMAA were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The thermal transition of the ionic aggregates and dynamic mechanical response of EMAA were found strongly modified by these particles, resulting in an increase on the storage modulus and a decrease on the loss factor values. Moreover, the alpha relaxation of the composites was visibly shifted to higher temperatures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis of thermosensitive copolymer beads containing pyridinium groups and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Nagasako Tadashi , Ogata Tomonari , Kurihara Seiji , Nonaka Takamasa 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThermosensitive 4VP‐NIPAAm‐4G copolymer beads containing pyridyl groups were first prepared by suspension copolymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine (4VP), N‐isopropylacrylamide(NIPAAm), and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (4G; crosslinking reagent) in a saturated Na2SO4 aqueous solution in the presence of surfactant and MgCO3 as dispersants. Then the copolymer beads containing pyridinium groups were obtained by the quaternization of the copolymer beads with various alkyl iodides (CH3I, C4H9I, C8H17I) in N,N‐dimethylformamide. The 4VP‐NIPAAm‐4G (15 : 97 : 3) copolymer bead and the 4VP‐NIPAAm‐4G copolymer beads quaternized with butyl iodide exhibited high thermosensitivity in water, although the 4VP‐NIPAAm‐4G copolymer beads quaternized with methyl iodide or octyl iodide hardly exhibited thermosensitivity. All the quaternized copolymer beads exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli), although the 4VP‐NIPAAm‐4G copolymer bead did not. In particular, the copolymer bead quaternized with butyl iodide exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli at 30°C. It was also found that the antibacterial activity of the quaternized 4VP‐NIPAAm‐4G copolymer beads was greatly affected by not only chain length of alkyl groups in alkyl iodides, with which the 4VP‐NIPAAm‐4G copolymer beads were quaternized, but also by temperature of the solutions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
A study of the mechanisms of divalent copper binding to a modified cellulose adsorbent
Authors: O'Connell David William , Aszalos Balazs , Birkinshaw Colin , O'Dwyer Thomas Francis 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA modified cellulose material was prepared by grafting glycidyl methacrylate to cellulose (Cell‐g‐GMA) with subsequent functionalization with imidazole (Cell‐g‐GMA‐imidazole). This latter compound was used in the adsorption of copper from aqueous solution. The mechanism of Cu(II) binding onto the cell‐g‐GMA‐imidazole was investigated at the molecular level using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDX) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR and Raman spectroscopy provided an insight into the extent to which perturbation of the imidazole ring occurred following adsorption of the metal while XPS spectra indicated the binding of Cu(II) ions to nitrogen atoms by the appearance of additional binding energy peaks for nitrogen on the cellulose‐g‐GMA‐imidazole sample post adsorption. The EDX technique provided clear evidence of the physical presence of both the copper and sulfate on the cellulose‐g‐GMA‐imidazole material post adsorption. XRD analysis further confirmed the presence of a copper species in the adsorbent material as copper sulfate hydroxide (Cu3(OH)4SO4 ‐ antlerite). The XRD studies further suggest that the overall extent of Cu(II) adsorption is not alone a combination of true metal chelation as suggested by FTIR, Raman and XPS, but also a function of surface precipitation of the polynuclear copper species. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Postnatal Development of the Central Nervous System: Anomalies in the Formation of Cerebellum Fissures
Authors: Cerri Silvia , Piccolini Valeria Maria , Bernocchi Graziella 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA natural defect in rat cerebellum postnatal development has been found in the fissura prima, consisting in various complex configurations of the cerebellar layers. We investigated the genesis of fissure malformations through immunoreactions for PCNA, GFAP, GABAA α6, and calbindin to label proliferating cells of the external granular layer (egl), radial glial fibers, mature granule cells, and Purkinje cells, respectively. Results on critical stages of rat postnatal development provided interesting evidences on how the malformation develops in fissures prima and secunda. Early (postnatal day 10) at the site of malformation, the Bergmann radial glia was often retracted and showed distortions and irregular running. The interruption of GFAP‐positive radial glial fibers could fit in with the presence of clusters of PCNA‐unlabeled cells in the sites of fusion of the egl; the clusters of cells are granule cells since their soma is labeled by GABAA α6. Moreover, an altered migration of granule cell precursors to the internal granular layer was evident which, in turn, affected Purkinje cell differentiation and the growth of their dendrites. In summary, the changed relationship among glial fiber morphology, granule cell migration, and Purkinje cell differentiation suggests how the Bergmann glial fibers have a basic role in the foliation process, being the driving physical force in directing migration of the granule cells at the base of fissure. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of accident exposure in transport system safety evaluations I: Intersection and link site exposure
Authors: Hodge G. A. , Richardson Anthony J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRealistic predictions of the likely safety performance of advanced transport systems will need to draw on the knowledge accumulated from a large number of safety evaluations which have already been undertaken for existing transport systems. In particular, safety evaluations of future technologies must avoid the methodological pitfalls experienced in extensively researched areas, such as road safety, if such evaluations are to be meaningful. This paper reviews the use of exposure for a broad range of road safety studies, and concludes that unsatisfactory treatment of exposure is a common failing in past evaluations of the effectiveness of road accident countermeasures. Whilst a broad range of safety analyses is discussed, the use of exposure in site safety studies is emphasized. A follow‐up paper will extend the discussion to other aspects of accident exposure including exposure measures for large groups of transport system users.
Highway expenditures and non‐metropolitan employment
Authors: Stephanedes Yorgos J. , Eagle David M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractUsing data on state highway expenditures and employment from 30 Minnesota non‐metropolitan counties over a 25‐year period, possible interactions between transportation and employment are investigated. While crosssectional analysis suggests no significant interactions, causality tests and time‐series analyses indicate that highway expenditures affect manufacturing and retail employment, and employment influences expenditures. Although expenditure increases cause employment improvements in the short‐term, long‐term effects are less favorable. Highway expenditures respond quickly to increased needs caused by retail improvements.