bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buckling of Unstiffened Steel Cones Subjected to Axial Compression and External Pressure
Authors: Błachut J. , Ifayefunmi O. 
Published: February 2012

This is the first study into elastic-plastic buckling of unstiffened truncated conical shells under simultaneously acting axial compression and an independent external pressure. This is both a numerical and experimental study. Domains of combined stability are obtained using the finite element method for a range of geometrical parameters. Cones are clamped at one end and free to move axially at the other end, where all the other degrees of freedom remain constrained. Shells are assumed to be from mild steel and the material is modeled as elastic perfectly plastic. The FE results indicate that the static stability domains remain convex. The failure mechanisms, i.e., asymmetric bifurcation and axisymmetric collapse are discussed together with the spread of plastic strains through the wall thickness. Also, the combined stability domains are examined for regions of purely elastic behavior and for regions where plastic straining exists. The latter is not convex and repercussions of that are discussed. The spread of plastic strain is computed for a range of the (radius-to-wall-thickness) ratios.
Experimental results are based on laboratory scale models. Here, a single geometry was chosen for validation of numerically predicted static stability domain. Parameters of this geometry were assumed as follows: the ratio of the bigger radius, r2, to the smaller radius, r1, was taken as (r2/r1) = 2.02; the ratio of radius-to-wall-thickness, (r2/t), was 33.0, and the cone semiangle was 26.56°, while the axial length-to-radius ratio was (h/r2) = 1.01. Shells were formed by computer numerically controlled machining from 252 mm diameter solid steel billet. They had heavy integral flanges at both ends and models were not stress relieved prior to testing. Details about the test arrangements are provided in the paper.
DESIGN OF ADEHSIVE JOINTS IN FRP-BONDED STEEL BEAMS
Authors: HAGHANI REZA , AL-EMRANI MOHAMMAD , KLIGER ROBERT 
Published: February 2012

The use of bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates to strengthen and upgrade existing structures has attracted a great deal of attention during the past two decades. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bonding has been widely researched and practiced in the strengthening of concrete members. However, when it comes to steel structures, it is somewhat limited in terms of field applications. One of the most important obstacles to the widespread use of FRP bonding in steel structures is the lack of design codes. This is mainly due to the lack of suitable design models for adhesive joints used to bond FRP laminates to steel substrates. Issues such as the lack of knowledge about the behavior of adhesive joints, the lack of suitable material models for structural adhesives, and analyzing adhesive joints are contributing to the difficulty associated with establishing design models. This paper is mainly concerned with a proposal and verification of a new design model for adhesive joints used to bond FRP laminates to steel beams. The paper, first, shortly reviews the most commonly used failure criteria and presents the background to the newly proposed model. Quasi-static tests were then performed on steel plate and full-scale beam specimens bonded with CFRP laminates to evaluate the new design model. The new design model presented in this paper was found to be accurate in terms of predicting the ultimate load and failure mode of the joints. To illustrate the application of the new design model, an example is appended to this paper.
Small- and Large-angle X-ray Scattering Studies of Nanometer-order Sulfuric Acid Solution in Carbon Micropores
Authors: Futamura Ryusuke , Iiyama Taku , Hamasaki Atom , Ozeki Sumio 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The structure of nanometer-order sulfuric acid solution in carbon micropores is investigated by large- and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. The electron radial distribution function of the nanosolution is different from that of bulk solution. The intermolecular structure of nanosolution does not change with fractional filling. These results and the dependency of density fluctuations of the system with fractional filling showed that the nanometer-order sulfuric acid solutions in carbon micropores form a small molecular assembly with a hydration structure at low fractional filling.
An Intermediate Conformational State during Ligand Binding to Cytochrome c Oxidase Detected by Time-resolved Resonance Raman Analyses of Heme Peripheral Groups
Authors: Ishigami Izumi , Nishigaki Takeshi , Shinzawa-Itoh Kyoko , Yoshikawa Shinya , Nakashima Satoru , Ogura Takashi 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A time-resolved resonance Raman analysis shows that the vinyl stretching band (1629 cm−1) of the O2-binding heme of cytochrome c oxidase shifts to 1627 cm−1 instantaneously upon photolysis of CO and remains for at least 5 ms before reaching the static band (1626 cm−1). Within the same time scale, an intermediate vinyl bending mode of another heme appears at 435 cm−1. These results suggest that both hemes cooperatively control O2 binding by forming an intermediate conformation for effective proton pumping.
Organic Thin Layer of Molecular Gel-forming Glutamide Lipid on Silica Particles for Practical Application to Molecular Recognition
Authors: Takafuji Makoto , Charoenraks Thiraporn , Izumi Jin , Ihara Hirotaka 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Molecular gel-forming glutamide lipid-grafted porous silica particles (Sil-SiDg) are designed and prepared as the stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for molecular shape recognition. It was proven that the glutamide lipids formed a highly oriented structure on the silica surface and showed thermally reversible phase transition like self-assembled molecular gels even on the silica surface. Unprecedented excellent results were achieved in the separation of tocopherols (Vitamin E) using Sil-SiDg as the stationary phase in HPLC analysis.
Imaging features of paediatric haemophilic pseudotumour of the maxillary bone: report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Yang B T , Wang Y Z , Wang X Y , Wang Z C 
Published: February 2012

Objectives: Haemophilic pseudotumour (HP) is an extremely rare lesion. The purpose of this study was to describe the CT and MRI features of maxillary bone HPs and introduce the key points to differentiate HP from the mimicking entities in the region.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed three paediatric patients with histology-proven HPs arising from the maxillary bone. All three patients underwent CT and/or MRI. Combined with six previously reported cases in the literature, the imaging features were comprehensively analysed.
Results: All HPs showed a well-demarcated, multilobulated expansile osteolytic lesion in the maxillary bone. On non-enhanced CT, HPs appeared of mixed density relative to grey matter. The lesions appeared to have markedly heterogeneous signal intensity on both T 1 and T 2 weighted images, with septa-like enhancement following the administration of contrast material, which corresponded to blood products in various stages of evolution. The lesions caused cortical thinning and even focal disappearance and multiple bone septa were identified within the involved maxillary bone. Some HPs were associated with radiated periosteal proliferation, which can easily be misdiagnosed as a malignant bone tumour.
Conclusion: A high index of suspicion for HP and a familiarity with imaging findings may help to accurately diagnose this rare entity.
Imaging carotid body chemodectomas with 68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET-CT
Authors: Naswa N , Kumar A , Sharma P , Bal C , Malhotra A , Kumar R 
Published: February 2012

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of 68-gallium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-1-Nal3-octreotide (68Ga-DOTA-NOC) positron emission tomography CT (PET-CT) in carotid body chemodectomas (CBCs).
Methods: 5 patients with known CBCs (conventional imaging and angiography) were evaluated retrospectively (3 males, 2 females; mean age 36.6 years). All underwent PET-CT after injection of 148 MBq (4 mCi) of 68Ga-DOTA-NOC.
Results: At baseline there were four bilateral CBCs and one unilateral CBC with an additional glomus tympanicum and bilateral glomus jugulare tumour in these five patients. All these lesions showed intense uptake on 68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET-CT. Apart from these known lesions, additional tumours were detected in three patients; glomus jugulare in one, aortic body tumour and multiple abdominal paragangliomas in another and unsuspected vertebral metastasis in the last. Overall it led to a change in management in 3 of the 5 patients (60%).
Conclusion: 68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET-CT is a promising non-invasive imaging modality in the detection and characterisation of CBCs.
Adjusted subpixel method enables optimisation of bronchial measurements in high-resolution CT
Authors: Mincewicz G , Aloszko A , Rumiński J , Krzykowski G 
Published: February 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to present a new technique of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) bronchial measurement, which was worked out in our centre and is based on a mathematically adjusted subpixel method (ASM).
Methods: This study used a bronchial tree model comprising two polyvinyl chloride/rubber pipes with various densities placed in a larger plastic object. External and internal diameters of both pipes corresponded to the sizes of structures that are usually evaluated in HRCT scans (i.e. the bronchus with accompanying blood vessel). The model was subjected to repeated HRCT measurements of the external and internal diameters of model pipes using a subpixel technique and ASM.
Results: Significant differences were observed between mean values of external and internal diameters of model pipes determined by means of subpixel method or ASM, with the latter being the ones that resembled real diameters of the model pipes more closely. Mean external diameters of the larger and smaller model pipes determined by ASM differed from the real diameters by 0.23% and 0.57%, respectively. The internal diameter of the larger pipe was on average 25.96% larger, whereas the internal diameter of the smaller pipe was 48.05% smaller than the real diameter.
Conclusion: The technique of non-linear prediction of HRCT bronchial measurements described in this paper raises attractive prospects in its clinical application owing to potential improvements in the objectivity and reproducibility of bronchial wall measurements.
The Effect of Supra‐ and Subphysiologic Testosterone Levels on Ligature‐Induced Bone Loss in Rats — A Radiographic and Histologic Pilot Study
Authors: Steffens Joao P. , Coimbra Leila S. , Ramalho‐Lucas Pablo D. , Rossa Carlos , Spolidorio Luis C. 
Published: February 2012

Background: Testosterone is the primary male sexual hormone, and varying concentrations of the hormone mediated by physiologic, pathologic, or pharmacologic mechanisms may induce large variations in the body. Data regarding the general role of testosterone in mediating inflammation are still inconclusive. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the consequences of supra‐ and subphysiologic levels of testosterone on ligature‐induced bone loss in rats.Methods: Three male adult Holtzman rats were used to observe the course of serum testosterone concentration following orchiectomy (Ocx) and testosterone injections. Another 60 rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) sham‐operation controls (n = 10); 2) sham‐operation and ligature‐induced bone loss (n = 10); 3) orchiectomy without ligature (Ocx; n = 10); 4) Ocx and ligature (n = 10); 5) Ocx plus 250 mg/kg body weight intramuscular testosterone esters injection without ligature (Ocx+T; n = 10); and 6) Ocx, T, and ligature (n = 10). The ligatures were placed 30 days postorchiectomy (or sham‐operation) and maintained for 15 days. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed, and their hemimandibles were used for radiographic evaluation of bone loss along with histologic and histometric analyses of gingival tissue.Results: The results indicated a significant increase in bone loss in the Ocx and Ocx+T groups in the presence and absence of inflammation, respectively. In addition, the Ocx and Ocx+T groups presented increased gingival area accompanying ligature‐induced bone loss.Conclusions: Both sub‐ and supraphysiologic testosterone levels may influence bone metabolism, but only subphysiologic levels significantly increase ligature‐induced bone loss. Moreover, testosterone has a regulatory effect on the gingival area.
Evaluation of dietary energy intake and physical activity in dogs undergoing a controlled weight-loss program
Authors: Wakshlag Joseph J. , Struble Angela M. , Warren Barbour S. , Maley Mary , Panasevich Matthew R. , Cummings Kevin J. , Long Grace M. , Laflamme Dorothy E 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Objective—To quantify physical activity and dietary energy intake in dogs enrolled in a controlled weight-loss program and assess relationships between energy intake and physical activity, sex, age, body weight, and body condition score (BCS).
Design—Prospective clinical study.
Animals—35 client-owned obese dogs (BCS > 7/9).
Procedures—Dogs were fed a therapeutic diet with energy intake restrictions to maintain weight loss of approximately 2%/wk. Collar-mounted pedometers were used to record the number of steps taken daily as a measure of activity. Body weight and BCS were assessed at the beginning of the weight-loss program and every 2 weeks thereafter throughout the study. Relationships between energy intake and sex, age, activity, BCS, and body weight at the end of the study were assessed via multivariable linear regression. Variables were compared among dogs stratified post hoc into inactive and active groups on the basis of mean number of steps taken (< or > 7,250 steps/d, respectively).
Results—Mean ± SD daily energy intake per unit of metabolic body weight (kg0.75) of active dogs was significantly greater than that of inactive dogs (53.6 ± 15.2 kcal/kg0.75 vs 42.2 ± 9.7 kcal/kg0.75, respectively) while maintaining weight-loss goals. In regression analysis, only the number of steps per day was significantly associated with energy intake.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Increased physical activity was associated with higher energy intake while maintaining weight-loss goals. Each 1,000-step interval was associated with a 1 kcal/kg0.75 increase in energy intake.
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Fibromyalgia
Authors: D’Apuzzo Michele R. , Cabanela Miguel E. , Trousdale Robert T. , Sierra Rafael J. 
Published: February 2012

No data on the results of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with fibromyalgia have been published. The purposes of this study were to review a cohort of patients with fibromyalgia undergoing TKA to determine the level of postoperative pain and satisfaction with the surgery, the incidence of postoperative surgical complications, and revision rates and their relationship to TKA design. One hundred ten patients with fibromyalgia (141 knees) who underwent primary TKA between 1990 and 2001 were studied. The average age was 64 years (range, 39–86 years), and the average follow-up was 7 years (range, 2–16 years). Forty-five knees were cruciate retaining, and 96 had a posterior stabilized design. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Knee Society Knee Score and satisfaction regarding the results of the procedure. Postoperative surgical complications and reoperations were obtained from the registry. Sixty-two patients (44%) continued with some pain after TKA. Eighty-five patients (82%) were satisfied with the results. The most common complications were arthrofibrosis and symptomatic instability. The revision rate was 6% (8 knees). Survivorship free from revision at 7 years was 89% for cruciate retaining knees and 98% for posterior stabilized knees.
Patients with fibromyalgia undergoing primary TKA have a high prevalence of complications and pain. Despite continued pain, the majority of patients were satisfied with the results and reported improvements after TKA. This data should be used to counsel patients with fibromyalgia preoperatively regarding limited goals with respect to pain relief and suggests that a multimodal individualized treatment program may be necessary to achieve optimal outcomes in patients with fibromyalgia.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Failure After Tibial Shaft Malunion
Authors: LaFrance Russell M. , Gorczyca John T. , Maloney Michael D. 
Published: February 2012

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is common, with >100,000 procedures performed each year in the United States. Several factors are associated with failure, including poor surgical technique, graft incorporation failure, overly aggressive rehabilitation, and trauma. Tibial shaft fracture is also common and frequently requires operative intervention. Failure to reestablish the anatomic alignment of the tibia may cause abnormal forces across adjacent joints, which can cause degenerative joint disease or attritional failure of the surrounding soft tissues.
This article describes a case of ACL reconstruction failure after a tibial fracture that resulted in malunion. Excessive force across the graft from lower-extremity malalignment and improper tunnel placement likely contributed to the attritional failure of the graft. This patient required a staged procedure for corrective tibial osteotomy followed by revision ACL reconstruction. This article describes ACL reconstruction failure, tibial shaft malunions, their respective treatments, the technical details of each procedure, and the technical aspects that must be considered when these procedures are done in a staged manner by 2 surgeons.
Progressive Osteolysis and Surface Chondrolysis of the Proximal Humerus Following Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Messerschmitt Patrick J. , Abdul-Karim Fadi W. , Iannotti Joseph P. , Gobezie Reuben G. 
Published: February 2012

Influenza vaccination is a common annual event among individuals in the United States. Complications, although infrequent, are usually mild and self-limiting. This article describes the case of a 46-year-old man who experienced progressive osteolysis and surface chondrolysis of the proximal humerus following routine influenza vaccination.
The patient presented with shoulder pain and limited range of motion 3 weeks following vaccination in the deltoid area. No skin changes were noted, inflammatory markers were normal, and the patient’s pain and disability persisted despite nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and occupational therapy. Plain radiographs revealed a small lytic area involving the greater tuberosity of the humeral head. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed abnormal uptake and cystic changes involving the greater tuberosity of the humeral head; repeat MRI at 5 months showed progression in the cystic changes. Diagnostic arthroscopy of the shoulder revealed a hyperemic joint capsule and extensive, full-thickness chondrolysis of the humeral head. Cystic biopsy demonstrated inflammatory cells and granulation tissue, consistent with foreign body response. Cultures were negative. Surgical debridement of the cystic areas and resurfacing of the humeral head yielded a good outcome.
To our knowledge, this is the first reported complication of influenza vaccination requiring surgical intervention. Physicians need to be aware of the potential for osteolysis and chondrolysis, which may require aggressive forms of management.
Locking Plate Fixation for Proximal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Burke Neil G. , Kennedy Jim , Green Connor , Dodds Michael K. , Mullett Hannan 
Published: February 2012

Locking plates are increasingly used to surgically treat proximal humerus fractures. Knowledge of the bone quality of the proximal humerus is important. Studies have shown the medial and dorsal aspects of the proximal humeral head to have the highest bone strength, and this should be exploited by fixation techniques, particularly in elderly patients with osteoporosis. The goals of surgery for proximal humeral fractures should involve minimal soft tissue dissection and achieve anatomic reduction of the head complex with sufficient stability to allow for early shoulder mobilization. This article reviews various treatment options, in particular locking plate fixation.
Locking plate fixation is associated with a high complication rate, such as avascular necrosis (7.9%), screw cutout (11.6%), and revision surgery (13.7%). These complications are frequently due to the varus deformation of the humeral head. Strategic screw placement in the humeral head would minimize the possibility of loss of fracture reduction and potential hardware complications.
Locking plate fixation is a good surgical option for the management of proximal humerus fractures. Complications can be avoided by using better bone stock and by careful screw placement in the humeral head.
Comparison of traditional 2‐dimensional endoscopic pituitary surgery with new 3‐dimensional endoscopic technology: intraoperative and early postoperative factors
Authors: Kari Elina , Oyesiku Nelson M. , Dadashev Vladimir , Wise Sarah K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:Traditionally, endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is performed using 2‐dimensional (2D) endoscopes, which lack depth of field and contribute to image distortion. Recently, a new generation of 3D endoscopes has been introduced for improved endoscopic depth perception. Little data exist comparing surgical outcomes with 2D vs 3D endoscopic systems. This study examines perioperative and postoperative factors in patients undergoing pituitary surgery using 2D vs 3D endoscopes. The objective of this work was to determine the differences in perioperative and postoperative factors in patients undergoing pituitary surgery using 2D vs 3D endoscopy.Methods:Retrospective chart review at a tertiary academic referral center. Statistical comparison was undertaken for perioperative (estimated blood loss, operative time) and postoperative factors (length of stay, complications, and readmission rate).Results:A total of 58 patients underwent endoscopic pituitary surgery during the 24‐month study period (22 functional, 36 nonfunctional lesions). The 2D endoscopic system was used for pituitary tumor resection in 32 patients (55%), and the 3D endoscopic system in 26 patients (45%). No significant difference existed between 2D and 3D endoscopic systems for operative time (p = 0.275) or estimated blood loss (p = 0.312). Additionally, no difference was found between groups for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak rate (p = 0.581), postoperative endocrine complications (p = 0.081), length of hospital stay (p = 0.934), or hospital readmission rate (p = 1.0).Conclusion:3D endoscopy affords the surgeon improved depth of field and stereoscopic vision. Our data demonstrate that 3D endoscopy does not result in significantly different perioperative or postoperative outcomes vs 2D endoscopic surgery. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.