bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separating Charge Centers of Chain Segments in Dielectric Elastomer through Steric Hindrance Engineering
Authors: Chen Yifu , Wu Siwu , Guo Baochun , Jin Binjie , Yang Haixin , Chen Jialiang , Wu Wenjie , Zhang Liqun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTheoretically, separating the positive and negative charge centers of the chain segments of dielectric elastomers (DEs) is a viable alternative to the conventional decoration of chain backbone with polar handles, since it can dramatically increase the dipole vector and hence the dielectric constant (ε′) of the DEs while circumvent the undesired impact of the decorated polar handles on the dielectric loss (tan δ). Herein, a novel and universal method is demonstrated to achieve effective separation of the charge centers of chain segments in homogeneous DEs by steric hindrance engineering, i.e., by incorporating a series of different included angle‐containing building blocks into the networks. Both experimental and simulation results have shown that the introduction of these building blocks can create a spatially fixed included angle between two adjacent chain segments, thus separating the charge center of the associated region. Accordingly, incorporating a minimal amount of these building blocks (≈5 mol%) can lead to a considerably sharp increase (≈50%) in the ε′ of the DEs while maintaining an extremely low tan δ (≈0.006@1 kHz), indicating that this methodology can substantially optimize the dielectric performance of DEs based on a completely different mechanism from the established methods.
Identification of a new mutation in the ACTL9 gene in men with unexplained infertility
Authors: Sinaei Roya , Eslami Maryam , Dadfar Mohammadreza , Saberi Alihossein 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundInfertility is defined as the failure to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse within a marital relationship. Approximately 10%–15% of couples worldwide experience infertility issues, with nearly half of these cases attributed to male factors. Among men with unexplained infertility, genetic mutations have been identified as a potential cause. Studies have indicated that mutations affecting the function of the protein encoded by the ACTL9 gene may play a role in male infertility.MethodsThe purpose of this research was to identify mutations in the ACTL9 gene associated with male infertility in a sample of 40 infertile men with unknown causes. Genomic DNA extraction and PCR amplification were carried out on samples from each individual. The genetic material was then analyzed using Sanger sequencing, followed by bioinformatics and segregation analysis to determine the potential effects of the observed variations.ResultA novel genetic variant, c.376G>A (p.Glu126Lys), was identified in an infertile male individual, representing a previously unreported finding that was validated through segregation analyses. This specific variant induces a change from glutamate to lysine at the amino acid level by replacing the nucleotide G with A in the genomic DNA sequence, consequently impacting the secondary structure and function of the protein.ConclusionsThe conclusive analysis of the procedure indicated that this alteration has the potential to interfere with the process of fertilization, ultimately resulting in the complete failure of fertilization (TFF) and causing male infertility.
A hybrid one‐step leapfrog ADI‐FDTD and subgridding approach based on a heterogeneous computing platform
Authors: Liu Chenran , Feng Jian , Xu Ke , Deng Xuesong , Fang Ming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method often demands numerous grids for fine structure analysis, leading to high computational costs. To address this challenge, a subgridding scheme emerges as an attractive solution. However, the explicit nature of the FDTD subgrid method, constrained by Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) conditions, can lead to inefficiencies with complex structures. In response, the leapfrog alternating‐direction implicit (ADI)‐FDTD method, exhibiting unconditional stability, has been developed to overcome CFL limitations. This paper presents a hybrid approach merging the one‐step leapfrog ADI‐FDTD method with a subgridding scheme using heterogeneous computing. By optimizing hardware usage and leveraging different device performances, this approach maximizes throughput in heterogeneous systems. Central processing units and graphics processing units handle workloads to minimize system latency. Simulation results on heterogeneous platforms demonstrate superior efficiency over single processor setups while maintaining simulation accuracy, especially in analyzing electromagnetic scattering from multiscale structures.
A high‐power and high‐efficiency low‐profile aperture converter array
Authors: Xu Zhihui , Li Meiling , Xia Zhen‐Xing , Yi Zixuan , Yang Xue‐Xia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor a phased‐array antenna system, position mismatches in spacing distances between source's output and antenna arrays’ input ports are common. At present, flexible radiofrequency cables are always utilized to electrically connect those two parts, which will result in the reduced integration. To tackle this problem, a low‐profile aperture converter array (ACA) is first proposed, which is applied between a microwave source and antenna arrays. Each stripline‐structured channel of the ACA is composed of the signal lines with different routing shapes to achieve nearly the same phase shift. In this study, a high‐power and high‐efficiency 16‐channel ACA is designed, fabricated and measured at X‐band. Experimental results show that it meets the requirement of 5‐kW pulse wave input, and the power transfer efficiency of each channel is more than 93.8%. Furthermore, its profile is only 0.42  at 9 GHz, which is favorable to transforming the integration of the whole system.
Loss of KANSL3 leads to defective inner cell mass and early embryonic lethality
Authors: Chander Ashmita , Mager Jesse 
Published: May 2024

Abstracte–Lysine acetylation is a prominent histone mark found at transcriptionally active loci. Among many lysine acetyl transferases, nonspecific lethal complex (NSL) members are known to mediate the modification of histone H4. In addition to histone modifications, the KAT8 regulatory complex subunit 3 gene (Kansl3), a core member of NSL complex, has been shown to be involved in several other cellular processes such as mitosis and mitochondrial activity. Although functional studies have been performed on NSL complex members, none of the four core proteins, including Kansl3, have been studied during early mouse development. Here we show that homozygous knockout Kansl3 embryos are lethal at peri‐implantation stages, failing to hatch out of the zona pellucida. When the zona pellucida is removed in vitro, Kansl3 null embryos form an abnormal outgrowth with significantly disrupted inner cell mass (ICM) morphology. We document lineage‐specific defects at the blastocyst stage with significantly reduced ICM cell number but no difference in trophectoderm cell numbers. Both epiblast and primitive endoderm lineages are altered with reduced cell numbers in null mutants. These results show that Kansl3 is indispensable during early mouse embryonic development and with defects in both ICM and trophectoderm lineages.
Transaction fee mechanisms with farsighted miners
Authors: Leth Hougaard Jens , Pourpouneh Mohsen , Han Haiting 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe investigate the recent fee mechanism EIP1559 of the Ethereum network. Whereas previous studies have focused on myopic miners, we here focus on strategic miners in the sense of miners being able to reason about the future blocks. We derive expressions for optimal miner behavior (in terms of setting block sizes) in the case of two‐block foresight and varying degrees of hashing power. Results indicate that a sufficiently large mining pool will have enough hashing power to gain by strategic foresight. We further use a simulation study to examine the impact of both two‐block and three‐block foresight. In particular, the simulation study indicates that for realistic levels of hashing power, mining pools do not gain from being able to reason more than two blocks ahead. Moreover, even though the presence of strategic miners increases the variation in block sizes and potentially empty blocks, overall system throughput tends to increase slightly compared with myopic mining. We further analyze the effect of varying the base fee updating rule.
Real emotional experience of family members of patients transported within hospital in neurosurgical intensive care unit: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Xuan Guo , Juan Ding , Xurui Zeng , Fei Liu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo understand the real experience of family members of patients in neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU) during intra‐hospital transport (IHT), explore their inner needs and provide effective intervention measures for the construction of standardized IHT plan.DesignA descriptive qualitative study.MethodsFor the purposes of this study, 10 family members of IHT patients were included using a purposive sampling method. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were used to collect the data, Nvivo 11 software was used to organize the data, and Colaizzi's 7‐step descriptive phenomenology method was used to analyse the data.ResultsA total of three themes and nine subthemes were extracted, namely: Experience of emotional changes at different stages (uncertainty before transfer, complex internal activity during transit, ambivalence after transfer); Perception of problems in IHT (poor doctor–patient communication, weak awareness of risk assessment, deficiencies in the transfer procedure); Consciousness of the real needs (emotional respect and closeness, stay informed of the progression of the disease, greater social support).ConclusionFamily members of patients in the NICU have complex internal experiences and multiple support needs during IHT, reflecting the need for further standardization of the transport process. In the future, we should improve the mode of safe IHT involving doctors, nurses and family members of patients, ensure the safety of patient transport, meet the social support needs of family members and improve the experience of IHT and the medical satisfaction of family members.
Adaptive event‐triggered control and observer design for discrete‐time nonlinear Markov jump systems with DoS attacks using policy iteration‐based adaptive dynamic programming
Authors: Lu Hongqian , Xing Haobo , Zhou Wuneng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article addresses adaptive event‐triggered discrete‐time nonlinear Markov jump systems (MJs) with DoS attacks, where the introduced DoS attacks are considered as more general stochastic models with fixed trigger frequency and duration. To solve the optimal control problem, we use an adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm based on policy iteration (PI). The approximate process is as follows: the performance index function (PIF) is first updated by the iteration policy in advance, and the control policy is obtained from the PIF. Subsequently, an approximate estimation of the optimal PIF and the optimal control policy is made using the actor‐critic structure obtained through neural network techniques. In order to reduce the occupied communication resources required for control policy iteration, we introduce an adaptive event triggering mechanism with an adaptive triggering threshold, which reduces the conservatism of resource occupation by the PIF compared to the fixed‐threshold ETM. In addition, an observer identifying the unknown dynamics part of the system is designed. Finally, using the Lyapunov function, it is shown that the designed control policy ensures the stability and convergence of the MJS, and the designed observer is effective. Simulation examples are given to verify the feasibility of the controller and the observer.
Tracheostomy stomal seeding following tongue cancer resection: A case report
Authors: Sawadaishi Rei , Yamagata Kenji , Fukuzawa Satoshi , Takaoka Shohei , Uchida Fumihiko , Ishibashi‐Kanno Naomi , Bukawa Hiroki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe tracheostomy site seeding following oral cancer surgery is extremely rare and carries poor prognosis.Case PresentationWe present the case of the 62‐year‐old man with clinical T4bN2bM0 tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The tracheostomy was planned before cancer resection under general anesthesia, but oral intubation was not possible because of bleeding from tongue cancer. Thus, tracheostomy was performed under local anesthesia. He underwent a total glossectomy with segmental mandibulotomy, bilateral neck dissection with rectus abdominis muscle free flap reconstruction and postoperative radiotherapy. The pathological diagnosis was SCC (pT4bN0M0) with close margin. He underwent adjuvant radiotherapy of 66 Gy that targeted the primary tumor site and upper neck. The mass at the tracheostomy site from seeding was detected 4 months after surgery and treated with 60 Gy of radiotherapy. The patient was died from bleeding and airway obstruction about 7 months from detection of the seeding of tracheostomy site.ConclusionTracheostomy site seeding after temporally tracheostomy for oral cancer is very rare. The pathological mechanisms suspected the tumor seeding. The prognosis of the seeding of tracheostomy site was extremely poor. Possible method to prevent these includes awake tracheostomy without oral intubation for predicting bleeding from bulky tumor with trismus.
The impact of boron carbide in soft and hard body armor: A comprehensive evaluation on Kevlar and UHMWPE fabrics
Authors: Makaoui Ramzi , Mehelli Oussama , Tria Djelel Eddine , Hemmouche Larbi , Habes Abdelmalek , Derradji Mehdi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this research, an investigation was conducted to ascertain the impact of boron carbide (B4C) microparticles on soft and hard armor configurations, utilizing two distinct high‐performance fabrics namely, Kevlar and Ultra‐high Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), also this work discerned the optimal fabric for protection against dagger attacks and 9 mm full metal jacket (FMJ) projectiles. Initially, rheological tests on four shear thickening fluid (STF) samples revealed that 70% of nano‐silicate (SiO2) content was the optimal ratio. Besides, scanning electronic microscope (SEM) tests showed that B4C affected the nano‐silicate dispersion. Hence, the use of STF as a matrix, led to complete protection in low‐velocity stab test and behavior improvement when subjected to NIJ ballistic test for both fabric types. On the other hand, the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of the thermosetting epoxy resin‐based composites reinforced by B4C indicated that the 10% ratio offered maximum rigidity, resulting in improved ballistic performance. This study revealed that Kevlar fabrics exhibit superior behavior in soft protection, while UHMWPE hard composite display further rigidity against high‐velocity impacts. Overall, this work contributes novel insights into the efficiency of B4C integration within soft and hard armor configurations using two ballistic fabrics, highlighting their performance characteristics in ballistic shielding.Highlights
Investigation of B4C microparticles: The research examines the impact of B4C microparticles on soft and hard armor configurations.
High‐performance fabrics: Kevlar and UHMWPE uses.
The use of STF as a matrix for soft and thermosetting epoxy resin for hard armor: enhanced composite performance.
Low‐velocity and high‐velocity impact tests investigations; microparticles B4C incorporation: superior mechanical characteristics.
Remarkable energy absorption: promising shielding uses.
The (complex) effect of internet voting on turnout: Theoretical and methodological considerations
Authors: Stockemer Daniel , Wigginton Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe adoption of remote internet voting can be a rather complex reform. In theory and praxis, geographical units can either decide to adopt or not to adopt i‐voting. Those that adopt it can differ in the mode of i‐voting adoption (i.e., internet‐only voting, or also in‐person voting), and the timing of adoption (i.e., some geographical units might adopt it earlier than others). How does the decision to adopt internet voting, the mode of adoption and the timing of adoption influence turnout? Using data spanning the municipal elections in Ontario, Canada from 2000 to 2018, we try to answer these research questions. Generally, we find that allowing internet voting, regardless of the availability of in‐person voting, does not influence turnout over the long term. However, we do find a temporal pattern, in that some of the most participatory municipalities adopted internet voting the earliest. We also detect a novelty effect; a sizable increase in turnout during the first ever election in which internet voting was introduced, which vanished in following elections.
Multi‐stimuli‐responsive hypercrosslinked microporous polymeric adsorbent
Authors: Huang Wen , Cai Lifeng , Zheng Xiaoli , Zeng Junkui , Quan Luna , Wu Dingcai , Cai Zhaopeng , Zheng Bingna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is challenging but of practical meaning to provide adsorbents with multiple responsive properties. Here, we report an intelligent microporous polymeric adsorbent constructed by block copolymer‐grafted microporous polymer nanospheres. With its multi‐stimuli‐responsive functions, the adsorbent shows rapid fluorescent response to temperature, pH, and organic reagents. Moreover, it also demonstrates super‐fast adsorption of pollutants in water, enabling efficient treatment of wastewater.
Rheology of polyborazanes with various molecular structures and dynamic transformation process
Authors: Du Yiang , Wang Bing , Wang Fuwen , Li Wei , Liu Tao , Zhang Songhe , Zhang Yunbo , Tan Shixiang , Wang Yingde 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe molecular structure of polymer precursors significantly affects their rheological properties, thermal stability, and ceramic conversion rates. For the first time, we revealed the effects of polyborazane molecular structure on rheology and molecular configuration dynamic transformation process. The systems studied are polyborazane precursors with rigid six‐membered ring structures. We synthesized precursors with different molecular structures, including polyborazanes with varying degrees of branching and molecular chain flexibility, and investigated how molecular structure affects viscosity under different conditions of temperature, time, and shear rates. The results indicate that decreasing the branching degree enhances thermal stability and reduces both zero‐shear viscosity and infinite‐shear viscosity. Increasing the flexibility of molecular chains notably reduces infinite‐shear viscosity, while having minimal impact on zero‐shear viscosity and thermal stability. In conclusion, the ideal molecular structure should aim to increase the flexibility of the molecular chains while maintaining a certain degree of branching, such as a dendritic molecular configuration. By correlating viscosity data with molecular structure, we constructed a dynamic transition process of molecular chain entanglement, disentanglement, and crosslinking. This research is essential for understanding polymer rheology and its applications in industry, particularly in designing and synthesizing precursor structures for producing various ceramic fibers through Polymer‐Derived Ceramics.
Quadricuspid pulmonary valve: A rare cause of pulmonary artery aneurysm
Authors: Tekinhatun Muhammed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 17‐year‐old male presented to our hospital from an external center with complaints of chest pain and shortness of breath, referred with preliminary diagnoses of pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary artery dilation. Echocardiography revealed moderate pulmonary regurgitation and mild pulmonary stenosis. Coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography showed normal coronary arteries and no presence of a patent ductus arteriosus, but an aneurysmal dilation of up to 4 cm was observed in the pulmonary artery. The patient was found to have a quadricuspid (QPV) pulmonary valve, while the aortic valve appeared normal. No phenotypic anomalies or accompanying aortic or lung abnormalities were detected in this case. Our case represents the first in the pediatric age group diagnosed via CT scan. Our study contributes insights into the relationship between QPV anomaly and pulmonary artery aneurysm, aiding in the diagnosis and management of these rare conditions. Furthermore, our findings highlight the importance of evaluating the possibility of QPV in patients with pulmonary valve stenosis, regurgitation, or artery aneurysm, emphasizing the significance of coronary CT angiography in the diagnostic process.
A model‐assisted design for partially or completely ordered groups
Authors: Celum Connor , Conaway Mark 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a trial design for locating group‐specific doses when groups are partially or completely ordered by dose sensitivity. Previous trial designs for partially ordered groups are model‐based, whereas the proposed method is model‐assisted, providing clinicians with a design that is simpler. The proposed method performs similarly to model‐based methods, providing simplicity without losing accuracy. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, the proposed method is the first paper on dose‐finding for partially ordered groups with convergence results. To generalize the proposed method, a framework is introduced that allows partial orders to be transferred to a grid format with a known ordering across rows but an unknown ordering within rows.
Extending a dry‐environment convection parameterization to couple with moist turbulence and a baseline evaluation in the GRIST model
Authors: Li Xiaohan , Chu Wenchao , Zhang Yi , Wang Yiming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents an extension of a dry‐environment convection scheme (Tiedtke–Bechtold) to couple with a boundary‐layer moist turbulence scheme. The deep and shallow convective updraught is modified to develop in a moist environment and the large‐scale budget of cloud condensate takes account of the influence of compensation subsidence. An ambiguous layer is introduced in the sub‐cloud layer transport of shallow convection to mimic the non‐local transport that is ignored in the moist local turbulence scheme. Long‐term global simulation suggests that the modified convection and moist turbulence improve low cloud and short‐wave cloud radiative forcing. This includes a more realistic climatological structure of stratocumulus‐to‐cumulus transition and ameliorated biases in liquid water path. For short to mid‐term hindcasts in June 2021, the modified convection coupled with moist turbulence mitigates some regional over‐forecasts of precipitation. They improve the forecast ability for light and moderate precipitation. The modified model still retains the capability to capture the diurnal features of continental rainfall.
Stability analysis of switched stochastic time‐varying delay neural networks with asynchronous switching aperiodic intermittent control
Authors: Fan Lina , Zhu Quanxin , Karimi Hamid Reza 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper is dedicated to studying the mean square exponential stability of switched stochastic time‐varying delay neural networks with asynchronous switching aperiodic intermittent control. By utilizing the Halanay‐type inequality and designing appropriate asynchronous switching aperiodic intermittent control, several novel stability criteria of switched stochastic delay neural networks with asynchronous aperiodic intermittent control are presented under the Lyapunov function method and Lyapunov functional method. Among them, asynchronous switching aperiodic intermittent controllers are more practical and flexible compared to state feedback controllers. Finally, we provide two examples to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.