bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cre transgenic line for studying V2 neuronal lineages and functions in the spinal cord
Authors: Li Shengguo , Misra Kamana , Xiang Mengqing 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDuring spinal neurogenesis, the p2 progenitor domain generates at least two subclasses of interneurons named V2a and V2b, which are components of the locomotor central pattern generator. The winged‐helix/forkhead transcription factor Foxn4 is expressed in a subset of p2 progenitors and required for specifying V2b interneurons. Here, we report the generation of a Foxn4‐Cre BAC transgenic mouse line that drives Cre recombinase expression mimicking endogenous Foxn4 expression pattern in the developing spinal cord. We used this transgenic line to map neuronal lineages derived from Foxn4‐expressing progenitors and found that they gave rise to all neurons of the V2a, V2b, and the newly identified V2c lineages. These data suggest that Foxn4 may be transiently expressed by all p2 progenitors and that the Foxn4‐Cre line may serve as a useful genetic tool not only for lineage analysis but also for functional studies of genes and neurons involved in locomotion. genesis 48:667–672, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Screen‐Printed Ion‐Selective Electrodes for Potentiometric Titration of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide in Different Civilic Media
Authors: Mohamed Gehad G. , Ali Tamer Awad , El‐Shahat M. F. , Al‐Sabagh A. M. , Migahed M. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe performance of home‐made printed carbon ink in the fabrication of a simple screen‐printed carbon paste electrodes (SPCPEs) was studied. Such electrodes are applied for the potentiometric titration and hence determination of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in different pharmaceuticals and water samples. The performances of the new screen printed electrodes towards CTAB are compared with those for carbon paste, coated‐wire, coated graphite and polyvinyl chloride electrodes. SPCPEs have been successfully used for the potentiometric titration of CTAB in the analytical grad solutions, with a potential jump amounts to 1050 mV. The effect of plasticizer type, carbon content, binding materials, printing ink formulation, response time and printing process are optimized. The method is applied for pharmaceutical preparations with a percentage recovery of 99.20 % and RSD=0.45. The electrodes passes a near‐Nernstian cationic slope of 58.70±1.3 and 56.32±2.4 mV and lower detection limit of 6.8×10−7 and 5.80×10−7 M with a reproducibility of 0.145 and 3.25 % and response time of about 3 s and exhibit adequate shelf‐life of 6 and 2 months for SPCPE and CPE, respectively. The frequently used CTAB of analytical and technical grade as well as different water samples has been successfully titrated and the results obtained agreed with those obtained with commercial electrode and standard two phase titration method. The sensitivity of the proposed method is comparable with the official method indicating its possibility to be used in field measurements.
SE‐30 Graphite Composite Electrode: An Alternative for the Development of Electrochemical Biosensors
Authors: Safavi Afsaneh , Maleki Norooz , Tajabadi Fariba 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA new graphite composite electrode was constructed by mixing graphite powder with chromatography stationary phase, SE‐30, as the binder. The electrochemical behavior of the new electrode has been evaluated and compared with that of traditional carbon paste electrode (CPE). The proposed electrode provides a remarkable increase in the rate of electron transfer of biomolecules such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), cysteine, ascorbic acid and catechol and shows a low surface fouling effects. The electrode shows highly promising results when used as an amperometic sensor for biocompounds such as NADH.
A novel PEG coating immobilized onto capillary through polydopamine coating for separation of proteins in CE
Authors: Zeng Rongju , Luo Zhaofeng , Zhou Dan , Cao Fuhu , Wang Yanmei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe antifouling PEG‐immobilized capillary was introduced for the protein separation in CE through mussel adhesive protein inspired polydopamine coating for the first time. The polydopamine, formed by spontaneous oxidative polymerization of dopamine at alkaline in the inner surface of capillary, was exploited to immobilize amine‐functionalized PEG onto the capillary surface. During the process, polydopamine‐graft‐PEG copolymer was formed via Michael addition or Schiff base reactions. The polymer coating was observed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and SEM. And both of them indicated the formation of the polymer coating. A comparative study of EOF showed that the novel coating could provide effective suppression of EOF and minimized adsorption of proteins. As a consequence, fast and efficient separations of three proteins such as lysozyme, cytochrome c, and ribounclease A were obtained within a broad pH range. Furthermore, the long‐term stability of polydopamine‐graft‐PEG coating in consecutive protein separation runs and the high separation efficiency proved that this novel coating was capable of minimizing protein adsorption during the capillary separation. The successful capillary performance also was demonstrated in the separation of protein mixture and milk powder samples at acidic pH.
Effects of ferrous sulfate, inoculum history, and anionic form on lead, zinc, and copper toxicity to Acidithiobacillus caldus strain BC13
Authors: Aston John E. , Peyton Brent M. , Lee Brady D. , Apel William A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The current study reports the single and combined toxicities of Pb, Zn, and Cu to Acidithiobacillus caldus strain BC13. The observed half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50), ± 95% confidence intervals, for Pb, Zn, and Cu were 0.9 ± 0.1 mM, 39 ± 0.5 mM, and 120 ± 8 mM, respectively. The observed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Pb, Zn, and Cu were 7.5 mM, 75 mM, and 250 mM, respectively. When metals were presented in binary mixtures, the toxicities were less than additive. For example, when 50% of the Pb MIC and 50% of the Cu MIC were presented together, the specific growth rate was inhibited by only 59 ± 3%, rather than 100%. In addition, the presence of ferrous iron in the growth media decreased Pb and Zn toxicity to A. caldus strain BC13. The importance of inoculum history was evaluated by pre-adapting cultures through subsequent transfers in the presence of Pb, Zn, and Cu at their respective IC50s. After pre-adaptation, cultures had specific growth rates 39 ± 11, 32 ± 7, and 28 ± 12% higher in the presence of Pb, Zn, and Cu IC50s, respectively, compared with cultures that had not been pre-adapted. In addition, when cells exposed to the MICs of Pb, Zn, and Cu were harvested, washed, and re-inoculated into fresh, metal-free medium, they grew, showing that the cells remained viable with little residual toxicity. Finally, metal chlorides showed more toxicity than metal sulfates, and studies using sodium chloride or a mixture of metal sulfates and sodium chloride suggested that this was attributable to an additive combination of the metal and chloride toxicities. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2669–2675. © 2010 SETAC
Ecotoxicological effects of diuron and chlorotoluron nitrate-induced photodegradation products: Monospecific and aquatic mesocosm-integrated studies
Authors: Nélieu Sylvie , Bonnemoy Frédérique , Bonnet Jean-Louis , Lefeuvre Luz , Baudiffier Damien , Heydorff Micheline , Quéméneur Alphonse , Azam Didier , Ducrot Paul-Henri , Lagadic Laurent , Bohatier Jacques , Einhorn Jacques 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The ecotoxicological impact of nitrate-induced photodegradation products of diuron and chlorotoluron was studied through monospecific biotests conducted in conjunction with experiments in outdoor aquatic mesocosms. Organisms representing three trophic levels were used: two heterotrophic microorganisms, the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri and the ciliated protozoa Tetrahymena pyriformis, and one metazoa, the gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis. Among the variety of the phenylurea photoproducts, the N-formylated ones appeared clearly more toxic than the parent compounds towards the microorganisms, whereas the nitroderivatives showed a similar toxicity. Using photodegraded solutions of diuron, toxicity was maintained or even increased during disappearance of the initial herbicide, demonstrating that some of the photoproducts may have an impact additively or in synergy. Enzymatic biomarker assays performed on Lymnaea stagnalis exposed under monospecific conditions showed significant effects, due to the combination of nitrate with the pesticide and its photoproducts. A positive impact on snail fecundity was observed with chlorotoluron both under monospecific laboratory and integrated mesocosm conditions. Oviposition stimulation took place when first- and second-generation photoproducts were predominant. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2644–2652. © 2010 SETAC
Effects of Flavoured Mouth Rinses on Morning Breath Odour: a Sensory, Analytical and Microbial Evaluation
Authors: Troccaz Myriam , Haefliger Olivier P. , Cayeux Isabelle , Beccucci Sabine , Jeckelmann Nicolas , Barra Jérôme , Clark Anthony J. , Schrenzel Jacques , Baehni Pierre 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTransient oral malodour such as morning bad breath is very common and is caused by accumulation of bacteria and food residues, mainly at the posterior part of the tongue. The use of antimicrobial flavours may help to reduce malodours with limited side effects. The purpose of this work was to compare the effects of five alcohol‐free mouth rinses containing 0.2% w/w antimicrobial flavour oil on 24 human subjects in a randomized, double‐blind clinical study. Two mouth rinses containing triclosan and peppermint oil were used as positive controls. Oral malodours and flavour intensities, as well as analytical and microbial analyses of saliva samples, were performed before rinsing and 1 min and 1 h after rinsing the mouth with a 20 ml mouth rinse for 1 min. Immediately after rinsing, oral malodour scores and salivary bacterial counts were markedly reduced (85 ± 9% and 54 ± 12% decreases, respectively). At 1 h after rinsing, maximum efficacy (61 ± 18% reduction in oral malodours, 40 ± 11% decrease in salivary bacterial count) was observed with the mouth rinses containing the highest levels of menthol, limonene, carvone and eugenol, and these ingredients could still be detected in the saliva of most subjects. The finding that selected antimicrobial flavours have beneficial effects against salivary microorganisms and transient oral malodours may be important for the design of oral care products that promote fresh breath up to 1 h after rinsing without compromising taste.
Crucial role of cytochrome P450 in hepatotoxicity induced by 2,3‐dimethoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone in rats
Authors: Ishihara Yasuhiro , Ishii Satomi , Sakai Yufu , Yamamura Nobue , Onishi Yukiko , Shimamoto Norio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractQuinone toxicity is induced by two principal mechanisms: arylation/alkylation and a redox cycle. We have previously shown that increases in intracellular levels of superoxide anion and cell death induced by 2,3‐dimethoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (DMNQ), a redox cycling quinone, are enhanced by pretreatment of rat primary hepatocytes with cytochrome P450 inhibitors. This indicates a novel interaction of quinones with cytochrome P450, and is thus worthy of further investigation using anin vivomodel. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cytochrome P450 inhibitors on DMNQ‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats. When DMNQ was administered intraperitoneally, the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were found to increase in a dose‐dependent manner, indicating that hepatotoxicity was induced by treatment with DMNQ. Pretreatment with the cytochrome P450 inhibitors SKF‐525A (SKF), cimetidine and ketoconazole potentiated the DMNQ‐induced hepatotoxicity. The blood concentration of DMNQ was not affected by administration of SKF. Pretreatment with the antioxidantα‐tocopherol almost completely attenuated the hepatotoxicity induced by DMNQ and by the combination of DMNQ with SKF. Levels of reduced glutathione in the liver were decreased and levels of oxidized glutathione were increased by treatment with DMNQ. These effects were potentiated by pretreatment with SKF. DMNQ‐induced lipid peroxidation in the liver was also enhanced by pretreatment with SKF. Taken together, these results indicate that DMNQ‐induced hepatotoxicity is augmented by inhibition of cytochrome P450 and that this augmentation is due to the enhancement of oxidative stress. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hematologic and hemostatic changes induced by different columns during LDL apheresis
Authors: Hovland Anders , Hardersen Randolf , Nielsen Erik Waage , Mollnes Tom Eirik , Lappegård Knut Tore 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLow density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis is a long‐term treatment and its impact on risk factors other than lipoproteins could be of importance. Three patients with familial hypercholesterolemia participated in six consecutive treatments with three different LDL apheresis columns in random order: DL‐75, LA‐15, and EC‐50W. We compared treatment effects on hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, fibrinogen, thrombin‐antithrombin complexes (TAT), plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), and homocysteine. Hemoglobin, leukocytes and platelets decreased significantly with DL‐75 (P < 0.05). Hemoglobin and leukocytes increased significantly with LA‐15 and EC‐50W (P < 0.05). Platelets were unchanged. The DL‐75 column was statistically different from LA‐15 and EC‐50W regarding these parameters. With the columns DL‐75, LA‐15, and EC‐50W fibrinogen decreased significantly by 28%, 32%, and 42%, PAI‐1 decreased significantly by 72%, 58%, and 30% while TAT increased significantly by 138%, 3%, and 251%, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). When comparing the columns there were significant differences between all of them regarding fibrinogen, no differences regarding TAT and a difference between DL‐75 and EC‐50W regarding PAI‐1. With the columns DL‐75, LA‐15 and EC‐50W homocysteine decreased 22%, 9%, and 13%, respectively, but there were no inter column differences. In conclusion, the three LDL apheresis columns affected important hematological and hemostatic risk factors differently. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compressive mechanical force augments osteoclastogenesis by bone marrow macrophages through activation of c‐Fms‐mediated signaling
Authors: Cho Eui‐Sic , Lee Keun‐Soo , Son Young‐Ok , Jang Yong‐Suk , Lee Seung‐Youp , Kwak So‐Yeong , Yang Yeon‐Mi , Park Seung‐Moon , Lee Jeong‐Chae 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLittle is known about the effects of mechanical forces on osteoclastogenesis by bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in the absence of mechanosensitive cells, including osteoblasts and fibroblasts. In this study, we examined the effects of mechanical force on osteoclastogenesis by applying centrifugal force to BMMs using a horizontal microplate rotor. Our findings, as measured by an in vitro model system, show that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α is capable of inducing osteoclast differentiation from BMMs and bone resorption in the presence of macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and is further facilitated by receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) ligand (RANKL). Application of force to BMMs accelerated TNF‐α‐induced osteoclastogenesis; this was inhibited either by anti‐TNF‐α or anti‐TNF‐α receptor but not by OPG. TNF‐α also increased c‐Fms expression at both mRNA and protein levels in BMMs. An anti‐c‐Fms antibody completely inhibited osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption induced by TNF‐α but partially blocked osteoclastogenesis stimulated in combination with RANKL. These results suggest that TNF‐α (in the presence of M‐CSF) is capable of inducing osteoclastogenesis from BMMs, and that osteoclastogenesis is significantly stimulated by force application through the activation of c‐Fms‐mediated signaling. Overall, the present study reveals the facilitating effect of mechanical force on osteoclastic differentiation from BMMs without the addition of mechanosensitive cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1260–1269, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A simulation strategy for the atomistic modeling of flexible molecules covalently tethered to rigid surfaces: Application to peptides
Authors: Curcó David , Zanuy David , Nussinov Ruth , Alemán Carlos 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA computational strategy to model flexible molecules tethered to a rigid inert surface is presented. The strategy is able to provide uncorrelated relaxed microstructures at the atomistic level. It combines an algorithm to generate molecules tethered to the surface without atomic overlaps, a method to insert solvent molecules and ions in the simulation box, and a powerful relaxation procedure. The reliability of the strategy has been investigated by simulating two different systems: (i) mixed monolayers consisting of binary mixtures of long‐chain alkyl thiols of different lengths adsorbed on a rigid inert surface and (ii) CREKA (Cys‐Arg‐Glu‐Lys‐Ala), a short linear pentapeptide that recognizes clotted plasma proteins and selectively homes to tumors, covalently tethered to a rigid inert surface in aqueous solution. In the first, we examined the segregation of the two species in the monolayers using different long‐chain:short‐chain ratios, whereas in the second, we explored the conformational space of CREKA and ions distribution considering densities of peptides per nm2 ranging from 0.03 to 1.67. Results indicate a spontaneous segregation in alkyl thiol monolayers, which enhances when the concentration of longest chains increases. However, the whole conformational profile of CREKA depends on the number of molecules tethered to the surface pointing out the large influence of molecular density on the intermolecular interactions, even though the bioactive conformation was found as the most stable in all cases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
An efficient and scalable synthesis of (2R,αS)‐3,4‐dihydro‐2‐[3‐(1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]‐5‐[3‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]‐α‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1(2H)‐quinolineethanol: A potent CETP inhibitor
Authors: Wang Aihua , Zhang Yan , Lu Songfeng , Murray William V. , Kuo Gee‐Hong 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
magnified image An efficient and scalable synthesis of the potent CETP inhibitor, (2R,αS)‐3,4‐dihydro‐2‐[3‐(1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]‐5‐[3‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]‐α‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1(2H)‐quinolineethanol 1, is described. One of the important intermediates, tetrahydroquinoline 10, was readily prepared by reductive cyclization of nitroketone 9 in high yield. Asymmetric synthesis of 10 with high enantiomeric excess (<80% ee) was also developed. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
One‐pot synthesis and evaluation for 15‐lipoxygenase inhibition of 1‐ethoxy‐4‐cyano‐5‐ethoxycarbonyl‐3H‐azuleno[1,2‐c]pyran‐ 3‐imine
Authors: Lin Bing Bing , Lin Yun‐Shan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA method at room temperature, with one pot of 24 h reaction, to synthesize 1‐ethoxy‐4‐cyano‐5‐ethoxycarbonyl‐3H‐azuleno[1,2‐c]pyran‐3‐imine which showed inhibitory effect on 15‐lipoxygenase at IC50 = 23.2 ± 1.3 mM. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
Synthesis of bis‐pyrrole tetra esters and alcohols as novel mimetics of the anticancer mitomycin
Authors: Abdulla Zubair M. , Iyer Radhakrishnan P. , Akamanchi Krishnamachari G. , Degani Mariam S. , Coutinho Evans C. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Open‐chain bis‐Reissert compounds 1 were converted to the corresponding bis‐oxazolium intermediates via acid‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization. These oxazolium compounds exist in a variety of tautomeric structures in which the meso‐ionic form can be intercepted by reaction with dipolarophiles in a 1,3‐dipolar‐cycloaddition reaction to produce a variety of highly functionalized bis‐pyrrole esters 2. In turn, the bis‐pyrrole esters could be converted to the corresponding bis‐pyrrole tetrols 3 in high yields. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
Efficient diverse approach for quinoxaline‐derived glycosylated and morphinylated analogs
Authors: Beldi Razika , Atta Kamal F. , Aboul‐Ela Sallah , El Ashry El Sayed H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSulfanyl‐glycosides have been synthesized by reaction of 2,3‐dimercaptoquinoxaline (1) with acetohalo sugars in presence of base to give the thioglycosides‐derived quinoxalines 5, 6, 7 and 9. Similarly, the acyclic analogs 23, 24, 25, 26 were prepared by coupling of 1 with different acyclo‐alkylating agents. The preparation of 3‐morpholinyl‐quinoxalines 10 and 11 allowed the synthesis of 3‐glycosylsulfanyl‐2‐morpholinyl‐quinoxalines 12, 13, 14 and 17 as well as the acyclic analogs 27, 28, 29. Microwave irradiation of the reactants turned out to be preferred over the conventional method for achieving the synthetic goals. This study made an available venue to the synthesis of diverse quinoxaline derivatives. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
One‐pot synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel quinolone heterocyclic derivatives
Authors: Zheng Hui , Liu Juan , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
magnified image A series of novel quinolone heterocyclic derivatives from natural amino acid were synthesized in one‐pot method, which is very beneficial for the industrial operation to save manufacturing costs. These new compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, infrared spectrum, mass spectrum, and elemental analysis. The preliminary bioassays results revealed that they had certain antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
DNA–DNA sequence homology recognition: physical mechanisms and open questions
Authors: Cherstvy A. G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFirst, we summarize recent experimental facts on homologous DNA pairing in vitro and discuss possible mechanisms of DNA–DNA sequence recognition. Then, we overview the mechanism of DNA–DNA recognition based on complementarity of DNA charge patterns. The theory predicts the recognition energy up to 10 kBT for close parallel homologous DNA fragments of gene‐relevant lengths. We argue why this estimate cannot be directly applied to pairing of homologous DNA loci in experiments on yeast chromosomes. Namely, DNA–DNA distances assessed from experiments are much larger than those typically used in theory. Finally, we suggest some experiments that could help to judge whether short‐range electrostatic forces indeed govern DNA pairing. This viewpoint paper introduces recently developed theoretical concepts to molecular biologists, with a hope to generate a junction between theory and future experiments on DNA recognition. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.