bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Academic skills in children with early‐onset type 1 diabetes: the effects of diabetes‐related risk factors
Authors: HANNONEN RIITTA , KOMULAINEN JORMA , RIIKONEN RAILI , AHONEN TIMO , EKLUND KENNETH , TOLVANEN ASKO , KESKINEN PÄIVI , NUUJA ANJA ,   On behalf of the study group
Published: March 2012

Aim  The study aimed to assess the effects of diabetes‐related risk factors, especially severe hypoglycaemia, on the academic skills of children with early‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Method  The study comprised 63 children with T1DM (31 females, 32 males; mean age 9y 11mo, SD 4mo) and 92 comparison children without diabetes (40 females, 52 males; mean age 9y 9mo, SD 3mo). Children were included if T1DM had been diagnosed before the age of 5 years and if they were aged between 9 and 10 years at the time of study. Children were not included if their native language was not Finnish and if they had a diagnosed neurological disorder that affected their cognitive development. Among the T1DM group, 37 had and 26 had not experienced severe hypoglycaemia and 26 had avoided severe hypoglycaemia. Severe hypoglycaemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and glycaemic control were used as T1DM‐related factors. Task performance in reading, spelling, and mathematics was compared among the three groups, and the effects of the T1DM‐related factors were analysed with general linear models.Results  The groups with (p<0.001) and without (p=0.001) severe hypoglycaemia demonstrated a poorer performance than the comparison group in spelling, and the group without severe hypoglycaemia showed a poorer performance than the comparison group in mathematics (p=0.003). Severe hypoglycaemia, DKA, and recent glycaemic control were not associated with poorer skills, but poorer first‐year glycaemic control was associated with poorer spelling (p=0.013).Interpretation  An early onset of T1DM can increase the risk of learning problems, independently of the history of severe hypoglycaemia or DKA. Poorer glycaemic control after the first year of T1DM is associated with a poorer acquisition of academic skills indicating the effect of the timing of metabolic aberrations on cognitive development.
Contextualizing the global nursing care chain: international migration and the status of nursing in Kerala, India
Authors: WALTON‐ROBERTS MARGARET 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this article I explore the issue of nursing status in Kerala, India and how over time a colonial discourse of caste‐based pollution has given way to a discourse of sexual pollution under expanding migratory opportunities. Based on survey and qualitative research findings, I caution that the improving occupational status of nursing in India is not directly mapped onto social status, and this is particularly evident in the matrimonial market. In the light of these findings I argue that global nursing care chain (GNCC) analysis must assess more than just workplace contexts in order to conceptualize how global care chains (GCCs) interlock, and how they are differentiated from each other.
Caring for the elderly: the embodied labour of migrant care workers in Singapore
Authors: HUANG SHIRLENA , YEOH BRENDA S. A. , TOYOTA MIKA 
Published: March 2012

AbstractResearch on transnational care work has tended to focus on the migration of women for either domestic work or nursing, and the two bodies of work have remained largely separate. In developed countries such as Singapore, however, the high level of female labour force participation alongside a rapidly ageing population has led to the deployment of both groups of migrant care workers to alleviate the impending eldercare crisis. Migrant domestic workers are employed to look after the elderly in private domiciles while foreign healthcare workers provide eldercare in institutions such as nursing homes. Recognizing that the transnational labour migrations of women as domestic and healthcare workers are integrally linked in the care chain, we attempt to bring the two together in this article. We first examine how state policy differentially regulates the entry of these two groups to work in two very different spaces: the domestic space of the home, and the institutional space of nursing homes. Drawing on interviews with employers, we go on to argue that while the institutional mechanisms differ for the groups of care workers employed in these two spaces, Singapore's solution to its eldercare predicament is predicated on ‘othering’ the care worker's body along discourses of gender, nationality and notions of elderly care work as dirty, demanding and demeaning.
Constant challenges and evolution of US military transfusion medicine and blood operations in combat
Authors: Spinella Philip C. , Dunne James , Beilman Greg J. , O'Connell Robert J. , Borgman Matthew A. , Cap Andrew P. , Rentas Francisco 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND: Blood operations are constrained by many limitations in combat settings. As a result there are many challenges that require innovative solutions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a descriptive overview of blood product usage and transfusion medicine adaptations that have been employed by the US military to support combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan between November 2001 and December 2010.RESULTS: Transfusion medicine challenges have included the need for rapid transport of large quantities of blood products from the United States to Iraq and Afghanistan, risks and appropriate countermeasures associated with blood products collected in the theater of operations, availability of fresh‐frozen plasma at forward surgical facilities, need for platelets (PLTs) in combat, and the need to support constant and evolving changes in transfusion and resuscitation protocols. A decrease in the storage age of red blood cells (RBCs) transfused to combat casualties has been achieved. There has been an increase in the ratio of plasma and PLTs to RBCs transfused, increased availability of plasma and apheresis PLTs to facilitate this approach, and a continuous effort to improve the safety of using fresh whole blood and apheresis PLTs collected in combat. A number of clinical practice guidelines are in place to address these processes.CONCLUSION: This multidisciplinary approach has successfully addressed many complicated and challenging issues regarding blood operations and transfusion practices for combat casualties.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for HLA typing in a case of X‐linked chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: DEGN BIRTE , HINDKJÆR JOHNNY , CHRISTENSEN METTE WULFF , MORTENSEN TANJA ØSTERLUND , INGERSLEV HANS JAKOB 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBone marrow transplantation may be life saving in cases of hematopoietic disease, severe congenital immunodeficiency or malignancy. An HLA‐matching sibling often gives the best success, but this may not be an option, nor may an HLA‐matching unrelated donor be found. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis with HLA‐matching embryos may then be a solution. We report the first Danish child born after such diagnosis with identification of healthy embryos and HLA matching for a sibling with chronic granulomatous disease. Our patient had 13 in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles; 286 oocytes were collected and 74 embryos analysed. Sixteen of these (22%) were either healthy or carriers. Five embryos were transferred in four stimulated fresh IVF cycles. Four embryos were frozen, and two were later transferred. Two successive clinical pregnancies ensued. In the first, prenatal diagnosis revealed trisomy 21, and the fetus was aborted. In the second pregnancy, chorionic villus sampling revealed a normal karyotype, the diagnosis was confirmed, and the pregnancy was normal. At delivery, 82 mL of cord blood was collected for later transplantation to the diseased sibling.
Clinical and economic impact of adhesiolysis during repeat cesarean delivery
Authors: SIKIRICA VANJA , BRODER MICHAEL S. , CHANG EUNICE , HINOUL PIET , ROBINSON DAVID , WILSON MALCOLM 
Published: March 2012

Abstract Objective. To estimate adhesiolysis rates at cesarean delivery (CD) and to estimate costs and clinical implications of performing adhesiolysis at repeat CD. Design. Retrospective cohort using secondary data. Setting. Over 500 acute care hospitals in the USA. Population. Women ≥15 years old with a medical claim for CD between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2008 who were treated in a hospital that contributed data to the Premier Perspective™ database. Methods. Using data from hospital discharge records, rates of adhesiolysis at the time of CD were calculated. Among patients with repeat CD, a propensity score was used to create matched cohorts with and without adhesiolysis. Unadjusted rates and means were compared between these cohorts. Main outcome measures. Cost, length of stay and selected clinical complications between repeat CD patients with and without adhesiolysis. Results. Adhesiolysis was performed in 0.5% of primary and 6.1% of repeat CD patients. Using propensity scores, 10 261 women who experienced repeat CD with adhesiolysis were matched to 10 261 control women. Hospital cost ($5739 vs. $5448), length of stay (2.97 vs. 2.88 days) and operative time (84.0 vs. 74.2 min) were significantly greater in the adhesiolysis than in the non‐adhesiolysis group (p < 0.01 for all comparisons), as was the overall complication rate (6.3 vs. 3.5%). Conclusions. Adhesiolysis rates were higher in repeat compared with primary CD. Among repeat CD patients, costs and complications were higher in the adhesiolysis group. Reducing adhesion formation after primary CD could reduce cost and complications at the time of repeat CD.
Root resorption of primary molars without successor teeth. An experimental study in the beagle dog
Authors: Lin Bi‐Chen , Zhao Yu‐Ming , Yang Jie , Ge Li‐Hong 
Published: March 2012

Lin B‐C, Zhao Y‐M, Yang J, Ge L‐H. Root resorption of primary molars without successor teeth. An experimental study in the beagle dog. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120: 147–152. © 2012 Eur J Oral SciTooth agenesis is a common craniofacial congenital malformation in humans, but little is known about the mechanisms of root resorption in this condition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of root resorption in primary molars without successors. An animal model without permanent tooth germs was established by surgery in beagles. The times of onset of primary molar root resorption, with and without successors, were compared. The distribution of immune cells, odontoclasts, and their activating factors were determined by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Root resorption of primary mandibular molars without successors began later than physiological resorption. In primary molars without permanent germs, odontoclasts and immune cells were present mainly in the apical pulp at the start of root resorption, whereas in control teeth receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐positive cells were found mainly in the region of the periodontal ligament. CD14+ and CD3+ cells were found in both the pulp and the periodontal ligament region. These results suggest that the dental pulp of primary molars, as well as immune cells, may play an important role in root resorption in primary molars without permanent tooth germs.
Exocyst subunits are involved in isoproterenol‐induced amylase release from rat parotid acinar cells
Authors: Imai Akane , Yoshie Sumio , Haga‐Tsujimura Maiko , Nashida Tomoko , Shimomura Hiromi 
Published: March 2012

Imai A, Yoshie S, Haga‐Tsujimura M, Nashida T, Shimomura H. Exocyst subunits are involved in isoproterenol‐induced amylase release from rat parotid acinar cells. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120: 123–131. © 2012 Eur J Oral SciExocytosis of secretory granules in parotid acinar cells requires multiple events: tethering, docking, priming, and fusion with a luminal plasma membrane. The exocyst complex, which is composed of eight subunits (Sec3, Sec5, Sec6, Sec8, Sec10, Sec15, Exo70, and Exo84) that are conserved in yeast and mammalian cells, is thought to participate in the exocytotic pathway. However, to date, no exocyst subunit has been identified in salivary glands. In the present study, we investigated the expression and function of exocyst subunits in rat parotid acinar cells. The expression of mRNA for all eight exocyst subunits was detected in parotid acinar cells by RT‐PCR, and Sec6 and Sec8 proteins were localized on the luminal plasma membrane. Sec6 interacted with Sec8 after 5 min of stimulation with isoproterenol. In addition, antibodies to‐Sec6 and Sec8 inhibited isoproterenol‐induced amylase release from streptolysin O‐permeabilized parotid acinar cells. These results suggest that an exocyst complex of eight subunits is required for amylase release from parotid acinar cells.
Prevalence of soft tissue oral lesion in elderly and its relations with deleterious habits
Authors: de Lima Saintrain Maria V. , Holanda Thaís G. , Bezerra Thâmara M. M. , de Almeida Paulo C. 
Published: March 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00618.xPrevalence of soft tissue oral lesion in elderly and its relations with deleterious habitsIntroduction:  With ageing, the oral mucosa becomes more susceptible to external stimuli.Objective:  To investigate the prevalence of soft tissue oral lesion in elderly and its relations with deleterious habits.Materials and methods:  It was a quantitative research conducted at the dental clinic of UNIFOR, Fortaleza‐CE, in the period from 1998 to 2006. The sample consisted of all 756 records of the elderly, and the data were processed by SPSS 15.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).Results:  The majority (63.0) were women, age 60–92, mean age 67 ± 6. The most significant proportions were married (48.4%), retired (42.3%) and incomplete primary school (31.5%). It was found a prevalence of 18.3% of oral lesions, with the risk being 1.6 times higher (p = 0.030) among youngest (up to 65 years) and 1.7 times higher among smokers (p = 0.048). Although this risk is 1.6 times higher among those who drank alcohol, it was not statistically significant (p = 0.122).Conclusion:  The elderly showed a high prevalence of oral lesion, being the youngest, the smokers and the alcohol consumers those most vulnerable to the emergence of these diseases. Dental services need to implement programs of elderly care and health education, essential to clarify the risks and their associations with oral diseases, aiming to promote health.
Primary nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma: A review
Authors: XU Tao , LI Zhi‐Ming , GU Mo‐Fa , WEI Wei‐hong , ZHANG Guo‐yi , WU Qiu‐Liang , SU Yong , HU Wei‐Han 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPrimary nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma (NAC) accounts for approximately 0.5% of all nasopharyngeal cancer. The diagnosis, staging and treatment of NAC has not been well described. This article presents a literature review on NAC and identifies its characteristics and management. The NAC group of diseases contains various pathological types and has a series of specific clinical characteristics, including slow progression, a low incidence of neck masses and frequent cranial neuropathy. The Epstein–Barr virus may not play an important role in NAC carcinogenesis. The rarity of the disease makes the staging classification and treatment strategies of NAC parallel to those recommended for nasopharyngeal squamous carcinoma. Some patients might benefit from surgery, and radiotherapy using precise techniques might achieve good control for treating NAC, but the roles of chemotherapy and target therapy are not clear. The proper staging system and optimal treatment strategies need to be established in NAC.
Is chemotherapy in elderly patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer as tolerable and effective as in younger patients?
Authors: KIM Seung Tae , PARK Kyong Hwa , OH Sang Cheul , SEO Jae Hong , SHIN Sang Won , KIM Jun Suk , KIM Yeul Hong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim:  To analyze the chemotherapy regimens and outcomes of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients older than 70 years of age.Methods:  Between May 2001 and October 2009, 1135 patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer received palliative chemotherapy. Of these patients 56 (4.9%) were ≥70 years old and were analyzed retrospectively.Results:  The median age at the time of first‐line chemotherapy was 73 years (range, 70–85) and the median Charlson comorbidity index was 0 (0–5). In all 17 patients (30%) received surgery with curative or palliative intent; 43 (77%) were treated by doublet or triplet first‐line chemotherapy regimens and 13 patients (23%) received single agent chemotherapy. Median progression‐free survival for first‐line chemotherapy was 3.97 months (95% CI 2.05–5.89) with an overall response rate of 26%. After the first‐line chemotherapy, only 18 of 56 (32%) patients received second‐line chemotherapy. The median overall survival (OS) was 12.4 months (95% CI 2.81–21.99). In multivariate analysis, receiving surgery and disease control for first‐line chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for increased OS for all 56 patients.Conclusion:  Patients older ≥70 years with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer might achieve clinical benefit from chemotherapy. Receiving surgery and response of over more stable disease for first‐line chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for increased OS.
Outcomes of Malaysian patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma and unknown epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status treated with gefitinib
Authors: LIAM Chong‐Kin , RUTHRANESAN Muventhiran , LEE Chee‐Hong , PANG Yong‐Kek , CHUA Keong‐Tiong , LIM Boon‐Khaw 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAims:  To evaluate the response and progression‐free survival (PFS) of Malaysian patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma and unknown epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status treated with gefitinib.Methods:  A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with EGFR mutation unknown stage III or IV lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutation unknown treated with gefitinib until disease progression.Results:  Of 71 patients, none had complete response while 26 (36.6%) had partial response and 26 (36.6%) had stable disease. Multivariate analysis showed the independent predictor of response to gefitinib was Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 1 (odds ratio [OR] 5.39, 95% confidence interval [CI 1.64–17.74]P = 0.006). The median PFS was 6.5 months and was significantly longer in female than male patients (39.0 vs 21.2 weeks; P < 0.001), never smokers vs smokers (32.3 vs 8.3 weeks, P = 0.001), and stage III versus stage IV disease (44 vs 24 weeks, P = 0.021). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model with age group, gender, ethnicity, smoking history, disease stage, ECOG performance status and prior cytotoxic chemotherapy as covariates, the independent predictors of longer median PFS were female gender (HR 95% CI 0.38 [0.22–0.66]; P < 0.001) and stage III disease (HR 95% CI 0.54 [0.30–0.98], P = 0.042).Conclusion:  In our patients with EGFR mutation unknown advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with gefitinib, the response rate was 36.6% and the median PFS was significantly longer in female patients, never smokers and patients with stage III disease.
Carcinosarcoma of the fallopian tube: Report of four cases and review of literature
Authors: YOKOYAMA Yoshihito , YOKOTA Megumi , FUTAGAMI Masayuki , MIZUNUMA Hideki 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim:  Carcinosarcoma of the fallopian tube is extremely rare and the therapeutic prognosis of this disease is unknown.Methods:  We report on four new cases of this disease and have reviewed 59 carcinosarcomas of the fallopian tube and analyzed the prognosis with respect to the chosen therapeutic method in order to explore the most appropriate therapy.Results:  Out of the 59 patients reviewed, the prognosis was examined in 51 patients that allowed it to be tracked. The 3‐year survival rates were 63% for the 27 stage I/II patients and 40% for the 24 stage III/IV patients. The 3‐year survival rates were 36% for the 14 surgery‐alone patients, 59% for the 13 radiation therapy following surgery patients, 54% for the 27 chemotherapy following surgery patients (the chemotherapy group) and 100% in for the four chemoradiotherapy following surgery patients. A significant difference was observed between the surgery‐alone and the chemotherapy groups (Wilcoxon test, P < 0.05), the chemoradiotherapy group demonstrating a better tendency as to survival rate than the surgery‐alone group (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.06). Stage III/IV patients accounted for a two‐thirds of the chemotherapy group. The 3‐year survival rate for all the stage I–IV patients was 63% when a platinum drug was used and 21% when it was not used, suggesting the possibility of extending life through the use of a platinum drug.Conclusion:  Chemotherapy using a platinum drug after surgery seems to be most effective treatment in this disease.
Degeneracy in the characterization of non-transiting planets from transit timing variations
Authors: Boué G. , Oshagh M. , Montalto M. , Santos N. C. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The transit timing variation (TTV) method allows the detection of non-transiting planets through their gravitational perturbations. Since TTVs are strongly enhanced in systems close to mean-motion resonances (MMRs), even a low-mass planet can produce an observable signal. This technique has thus been proposed to detect terrestrial planets. In this Letter, we analyse TTV signals for systems in or close to MMR in order to illustrate the difficulties arising in the determination of planetary parameters. TTVs are computed numerically with an N-body integrator for a variety of systems close to MMR. The main features of these TTVs are also derived analytically. Systems deeply inside of the MMR do not produce particularly strong TTVs, while those close to MMR generate quasi-periodic TTVs characterized by a dominant long-period term and a low-amplitude remainder. If the remainder is too weak to be detected, then the signal is strongly degenerate and this prevents the determination of the planetary parameters. Even though an Earth-mass planet can be detected by the TTV method if it is close to an MMR, it may not be possible to assert that this planet is actually an Earth-mass planet. On the other hand, if the system is right in the centre of an MMR, the high-amplitude oscillation of the TTV signal vanishes and the detection of the perturber becomes as difficult as it is far from the MMR.
Constraints on quintessence and new physics from fundamental constants
Authors: Thompson Rodger I. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Changes in the values of the fundamental constants µ, the proton to electron mass ratio, and α, the fine structure constant due to rolling scalar fields, have been discussed both in the context of cosmology and in new physics such as supersymmetry models. This Letter examines the changes in these fundamental constants in a particular example of such fields, freezing and thawing slow roll quintessence. Constraints are placed on the product of a cosmological quantity, w, the equation of state parameter, and the square of the coupling constants for µ and α with the field, ζx (x=µ, α), using the existing observational limits on the values of Δx/x. Various examples of slow-rolling quintessence models are used to further quantify the constraints. Some of the examples appear to be rejected by the existing data which strongly suggest that conformation to the values of the fundamental constants in the early universe is a standard test that should be applied to any cosmological model or suggested new physics.