bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key Proliferative Activity in the Junction between the Leaf Blade and Leaf Petiole of Arabidopsis
Authors: Ichihashi Yasunori , Kawade Kensuke , Usami Takeshi , Horiguchi Gorou , Takahashi Taku , Tsukaya Hirokazu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLeaves are the most important, fundamental units of organogenesis in plants. Although the basic form of a leaf is clearly divided into the leaf blade and leaf petiole, no study has yet revealed how these are differentiated from a leaf primordium. We analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of mitotic activity in leaf primordia of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in detail using molecular markers in combination with clonal analysis. We found that the proliferative zone is established after a short interval following the occurrence of a rod-shaped early leaf primordium; it is separated spatially from the shoot apical meristem and seen at the junction region between the leaf blade and leaf petiole and produces both leaf-blade and leaf-petiole cells. This proliferative region in leaf primordia is marked by activity of the ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3) promoter as a whole and seems to be differentiated into several spatial compartments: activities of the CYCLIN D4;2 promoter and SPATULA enhancer mark parts of it specifically. Detailed analyses of the an3 and blade-on-petiole mutations further support the idea that organogenesis of the leaf blade and leaf petiole is critically dependent on the correct spatial regulation of the proliferative region of leaf primordia. Thus, the proliferative zone of leaf primordia is spatially differentiated and supplies both the leaf-blade and leaf-petiole cells.
Species' identification and microarray‐based comparative genome analysis of Streptomyces species isolated from potato scab lesions in Norway
Authors: DEES MERETE W. , SOMERVUO PANU , LYSØE ERIK , AITTAMAA MARJA , VALKONEN JARI P. T. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYStreptomyces strains were isolated from scab lesions on potatoes collected from different parts of Norway. Twenty‐eight plant‐pathogenic strains, as tested on seedlings of radish and on potato, were identified on the basis of physiological and molecular criteria. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, using species‐specific primers, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene identified 14 nonmelanin‐producing strains to S. turgidiscabies. Fourteen melanin‐producing strains were detected with primers specific to S. scabies, but whole‐genome microarray analysis, based on 12 766 probes designed for 8848 predicted open reading frames (ORFs) of S. scabies, showed that the 14 strains were different from S. scabies. They were subsequently identified to be S. europaeiscabiei based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of the rRNA genes. This is the first report of the occurrence of S. turgidiscabies and S. europaeiscabiei in Norway. The putative 762 genes exhibiting the highest sequence differences between strains of S. europaeiscabiei and S. scabies according to microarray analysis were concentrated in relatively few gene ontology (GO) categories, including ‘symbiosis and mutualism through parasitism’, ‘cell death’ and ‘responses to biotic stimulus’, whereas genes related to primary metabolism appeared to be more conserved. Microarray data and 16S rRNA gene phylogeny showed, consistently, that there were two genetically distinguishable groups of S. europaeiscabiei on the basis of differences in 131 genes. The results provide novel information about the genetic variability of S. europaeiscabiei and the gene‐specific variability between the genomes of S. europaeiscabiei and S. scabies. The usefulness of a custom‐designed, whole‐genome oligonucleotide microarray in a survey of bacterial plant pathogens was demonstrated.
Insertion of six different supraglottic airway devices whilst wearing chemical, biological, radiation, nuclear‐personal protective equipment: a manikin study
Authors: Castle N. , Pillay Y. , Spencer N. 
Published: September 2011

SummarySix different supraglottic airway devices: Combitube™, laryngeal mask airway, intubating laryngeal mask airway (Fastrach™), i‐gel™, Laryngeal Tube™ and Pro‐Seal™ laryngeal mask airway were assessed by 58 paramedic students for speed and ease of insertion in a manikin, whilst wearing either chemical, biological, radiation, nuclear‐personal protective equipment (CBRN‐PPE) or a standard uniform. All devices took significantly longer to insert when wearing CBRN‐PPE compared with standard uniform (p < 0.001). In standard uniform, insertion time was shorter than 45 s in 90% of attempts for all devices except the Combitube, for which 90% of attempts were completed by 53 s. Whilst wearing CBRN‐PPE the i‐gel was the fastest device to insert with a mean (SD (95% CI)) insertion time of 19 (8 (17–21))s, p < 0.001, with the Combitube the slowest with mean (65 (23 (59–71))s. Wearing of CBRN‐PPE has a negative impact on supraglottic airway insertion time.You can respond to this article at http://www.anaesthesiacorrespondence.com
Evolving Insights in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome)
Authors: Wong Henry K. , Mishra Anjali , Hake Timothy , Porcu Pierluigi 
Published: September 2011

SummaryCutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies derived from skin‐homing T cells. The most common forms of CTCL are Mycosis Fungoides (MF) and Sezary Syndrome (SS). Accurate diagnosis remains a challenge due to the heterogeneity of presentation and the lack of highly characteristic immunophenotypical and genetic markers. Over the past decade molecular studies have improved our understanding of the biology of CTCL. The identification of gene expression differences between normal and malignant T‐cells has led to promising new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that now need validation to be incorporated into clinical practice. These biomarkers may also provide insight into the mechanism of development of CTCL. Additionally, treatment options have expanded with the approval of new agents, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors. A better understanding of the cell biology, immunology and genetics underlying the development and progression of CTCL will allow the design of more rational treatment strategies for these malignancies. This review summarizes the clinical epidemiology, staging and natural history of MF and SS; discusses the immunopathogenesis of MF and the functional role of the malignant T‐cells; and reviews the latest advances in MF and SS treatment.
The financial and psychological impacts on mothers of children with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME)
Authors: Missen A. , Hollingworth W. , Eaton N. , Crawley E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  Paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalopathy (CFS/ME) is relatively common and children can be severely affected attending little or no school for extended periods. There are no studies quantifying the financial impact of having a child with CFS/ME and there is little information of the impact on parental mood.Methods  Forty mothers of children with CFS/ME from a regional specialist CFS/ME service completed inventories to assess their psychological well‐being (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, General Health Questionnaire‐12) loss of earnings and increased expenditure. In addition, eight mothers took part in a semi‐structured qualitative interview.Results  Most parents of children with CFS/ME experience loss of monthly income (mean =£247) and increase in monthly expenditure (mean =£206). Twenty‐eight (72%) mothers were above the cut‐off for the General Health Questionnaire‐12 compared with 20% in the healthy population (95% CI 55, 85, P < 0.001) suggesting they probably have a mental health problem. This may be explained by the qualitative interviews where mothers described five areas contributing to poor parental health: lack of understanding from others; marital tension; concern about their child's distress; concern about the impact on siblings and emotional distress causing physical symptoms.Conclusions  The majority of families of children with CFS/ME experience decreased income and increased expenditure with a marked impact on maternal psychological health. Clinicians need to be aware of this to provide appropriate support to families who care for children with CFS/ME.
Antioxidant status in patients with lichen planus
Authors: Barikbin B. , Yousefi M. , Rahimi H. , Hedayati M. , Razavi S. M. , Lotfi S. 
Published: September 2011

Summary
Background. Lichen planus (LP) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the mucocutaneous tissue, whose exact pathological course is not yet understood. Many studies have implicated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the protective role of antioxidants in several autoimmune skin disorders. In this study, serum levels of antioxidants in patients with LP were determined and compared with those of healthy controls.
Methods. In total, 30 patients with LP (mean ± SD age 41.63 ± 13.03), who had never received treatment for their disease, were enrolled; 30 healthy people (aged 41.17 ± 13.24) were recruited as the control group. Serum levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), vitamin C, selenium, bilirubin and uric acid were determined.
Results. The mean plasma level of vitamin C was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.001) in patients compared with controls. A significant positive correlation was found between selenium and GPX in both patients (Spearman ρ = 0.99, P &lt; 0.001) and controls (ρ = 0.10, P &lt; 0.001).
Conclusions. Lower serum levels of vitamin C in patients with LP indicates that free radicals and the resulting oxidative damage may be important in the pathogenesis of LP lesions.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide/vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor relative expression in salivary glands as one endogenous modulator of acinar cell apoptosis in a murine model of Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Hauk V , Calafat M , Larocca L , Fraccaroli L , Grasso E , Ramhorst R , Leirós C Pérez 
Published: September 2011

SummarySjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a progressive oral and ocular dryness that correlates poorly with the autoimmune damage of the glands. It has been proposed that a loss of homeostatic equilibrium in the glands is partly responsible for salivary dysfunction with acinar cells involved actively in the pathogenesis of SS. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome develops secretory dysfunction and early loss of glandular homeostatic mechanisms, with mild infiltration of the glands. Based on the vasodilator, prosecretory and trophic effects of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on acini as well as its anti-inflammatory properties we hypothesized that the local expression of VIP/vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor (VPAC) system in salivary glands could have a role in acinar cell apoptosis and macrophage function thus influencing gland homeostasis. Here we show a progressive decline of VIP expression in submandibular glands of NOD mice with no changes in VPAC receptor expression compared with normal mice. The deep loss of endogenous VIP was associated with a loss of acinar cells through apoptotic mechanisms that could be induced further by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and reversed by VIP through a cyclic adenosine-5′-monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated pathway. The clearance of apoptotic acinar cells by macrophages was impaired for NOD macrophages but a shift from inflammatory to regulatory phenotype was induced in macrophages during phagocytosis of apoptotic acinar cells. These results support that the decline in endogenous VIP/VPAC local levels might influence the survival/apoptosis intracellular set point in NOD acinar cells and their clearance, thus contributing to gland homeostasis loss.
Knowledge of medical hospital emergency physicians about the first‐aid management of traumatic tooth avulsion
Authors: ULUSOY AYÇA T. , ÖNDER HASAN , ÇETIN BENGI , KAYA ŞENAY 
Published: September 2011

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; 22: 211–216Objective.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of emergency medical physicians employed in hospital emergency rooms as to their potential role in the treatment for traumatic teeth avulsion injuries (TTAI).Methods.  A 15‐item questionnaire was distributed to the emergency rooms of one university and 10 public hospitals. The questionnaire gathered data on the respondents’ professional profiles and self‐assessed perceived knowledge and actual knowledge of the emergency management of TTAIs.Results.  The study was implemented with 69 emergency physicians present at their workplaces during the time of data collection. Of these, 55 (79.7%) were employed at public hospitals and 14 (20.3%) at a university hospital. The professional profiles indicated that 47 (68.1%) of the participants were general practitioners and the remaining 22 (31.9%) were distributed among various other medical specialties. Overall, 28 respondents (40.6%) assessed their knowledge regarding medical treatment for TTAI as insufficient, and the majority (78.3%) stated that they would like further education. Importantly, a large majority of practitioners could not provide correct answers to questions related to the emergency management of TTAI.Conclusion.  There is a need to improve the knowledge of emergency medical physicians regarding the emergency treatment for TTAI.
Niche breadth, rarity and ecological characteristics within a regional flora spanning large environmental gradients
Authors: Boulangeat Isabelle , Lavergne Sébastien , Van Es Jérémie , Garraud Luc , Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim  Species specialization, which plays a fundamental role in niche differentiation and species coexistence, is a key biological trait in relation to the responses of populations to changing environments. Species with a limited niche breadth are considered to experience a higher risk of extinction than generalist species. This work aims to measure the degree of specialization in the regional flora of the French Alps and test whether species specialization is related to species rarity and ecological characteristics.Location  This study was conducted in the French Alps region, which encompasses a large elevational gradient over a relatively limited area (26,000 km2).Methods  Specialization was estimated for approximately 1200 plant species found in the region. Given the inherent difficulty of pinpointing the critical environmental niche axes for each individual species, we used a co‐occurrence‐based index to estimate species niche breadths (specialization index). This comprehensive measurement included crucial undetermined limiting niche factors, acting on both local and regional scales, and related to both biotic and abiotic interactions. The specialization index for each species was then related to a selection of plant typologies such as Grime strategies and Raunkiaer life‐forms, and to two measurements of plant rarity, namely regional area of occupancy and local abundance.Results  Specialist species were mainly found in specific and harsh environments such as wetlands, cold alpine habitats and dry heathlands. These species were usually geographically restricted but relatively dominant in their local communities. Although none of the selected traits were sufficient predictors of specialization, pure competitors were over‐represented amongst generalist species, whereas stress‐tolerant species tended to be more specialized.Main conclusions  Our results suggest that co‐occurrence‐based indices of niche breadth are a satisfactory method for inferring plant specialization using large species samples across very heterogeneous environments. Our results are an empirical validation of the tolerance–dominance trade‐off and also provide interesting insights into the long‐standing question of which biological properties characterize species with narrow niche breadth that are potentially threatened by global changes in the environment.
The influence of heart failure on longitudinal changes in cognition among individuals 80 years of age and older
Authors: Hjelm Carina , Dahl Anna , Broström Anders , Mårtensson Jan , Johansson Boo , Strömberg Anna 
Published: September 2011

Aim.  The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between heart failure and specific cognitive abilities in octogenarians with regard to level and change over time.Background.  Cognitive impairment is influenced by many factors, and the impact of heart failure is debated. Intact cognitive ability is crucial for successful self‐care in patients with heart failure. Middle‐aged patients with heart failure seem to have an increased risk of cognitive impairment. No studies have examined the association between heart failure and longitudinal cognitive changes in octogenarians (individuals 80 years and older).Design.  A prospective longitudinal design.Methods.  Cognitive tests were carried out five times (1991–2002) in 702 octogenarians from the Swedish Twin Registry, including same‐sex twin pairs. The test battery included the measurement of processing speed, visuospatial ability, short‐term, episodic and semantic memory. Latent growth curve modelling was employed to measure change and performance over time and compares the group diagnosed with heart failure to individuals without a heart failure diagnosis.Results.  At baseline, the participants’ mean age was 83·5 years, 67% were women and 13% suffered from heart failure. Individuals diagnosed with heart failure scored significantly lower in spatial abilities and episodic memory than participants not diagnosed with heart failure. Moreover, measures of episodic memory declined more over time in individuals diagnosed with heart failure. There were no significant differences between the groups in other cognitive tests.Conclusion.  Spatial problems and episodic memory have implications for everyday life. This might contribute to decreased adherence to prescribed therapy and self‐care management and lead to socio‐behavioural problems because of an impaired capacity to drive, read and write.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses should take into account in their assessment that cognitive impairment may restrain elderly heart failure patient’s ability to make decisions and perform self‐care actions. Patient education strategies should also be adapted to cognitive ability.
A randomised trial on pubertal development and health in China
Authors: Zang Yuli , Zhao Yong , Yang Qing , Pan Yaoyun , Li Na , Liu Ting 
Published: September 2011

Background.  Puberty signifies noticeable physical, psychosocial and sexual development. It is crucial to help adolescents reach an understanding about puberty and related health issues. Considering the sexually conservative culture in some areas, to explore appropriate ways to address sexuality and health‐related concerns during puberty is of interest to all stakeholders.Aims.  This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the ecological approach to improve adolescents’ understanding about puberty and related health risks.Design.  Modified Solomon four group design.Methods.  Two Grade7 classes were randomly selected to form experiment and control group, respectively. A two‐hour seminar and a brochure about health and development during puberty were provided, and some students, parents and instructors in the experimental group commented on the intervention. Pre‐ and post‐tests were conducted to measure students’ pubertal development status and their knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to puberty.Results.  Students (n = 228) were aged 13·0 years (SD 0·45). The majority was categorised at the stage of mid‐puberty or later, and approximately 11·2% of 116 girls and 22·3% of 112 boys were classified as overweight or obese according to body mass index. No significant changes were identified within or between groups about knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to puberty and health before and after the intervention. The invention was considered helpful, and an enriched delivery was required.Conclusions.  Although the overall feedback was positive, this ecological approach to adolescent health and development targeting at Grade7 students failed to generate significant effects on students’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours surrounding puberty and health.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study reveals that sexuality, particularly romantic relationships during puberty, may be perceived negatively in the local society. There is a need for school nurses to help all relevant people to understand and respond to sexuality‐related concerns in a cultural appropriate way.
Cost analysis of adding pregabalin or gabapentin to the management of community‐treated patients with peripheral neuropathic pain
Authors: Sicras‐Mainar Antoni , Rejas‐Gutiérrez Javier , Navarro‐Artieda Ruth , Planas‐Comes Albert 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective  To compare the cost of adding either pregabalin or gabapentin to the management of community‐treated patients with peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP).Methods  A retrospective observational study was conducted using medical records from a Spanish health care provider claims database. Patients receiving health care for PNP, above 18 years and for which either pregabalin or gabapentin was initiated between 2006 and 2008 were included. Economic evaluation included health care resource utilization costs and costs due to sick leave.Results  A total of 1163 patients with PNP were eligible for analysis: 764 were prescribed pregabalin and 399 gabapentin in addition to current pain therapy. Mean age was 59.2 years and 62.2% were female. Concomitant use of analgesics was higher in the gabapentin cohort (3.2 vs. 2.7; P = 0.003), mainly due to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (74.9% vs. 69.5%; P = 0.018) and opioids (27.7% vs. 17.9%; P = 0.031). Adjusted total costs per patient was lower in pregabalin‐treated patients (€2514 vs. €3241; P = 0.003), due to less sick leave (€1067 vs. €1633; P = 0.018) and lower health care costs (€1447 vs. €1609; P = 0.004). The higher acquisition cost of pregabalin (€351 vs. €191; P < 0.001) was largely compensated with lower costs in medical visits, physiotherapy, hospital stays and concomitant analgesics.Conclusions  In community‐treated patients with PNP, total costs were considerably less for those patients initiated with pregabalin therapy than for those patients starting gabapentin add‐on therapy. The relatively higher treatment acquisition cost of pregabalin was largely compensated by the overall lower costs for the other components of health care resources and sick leave, thus reducing the economic impact on the health care provider's budget and society.