bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limb bone histology and growth in Placerias hesternus (Therapsida: Anomodontia) from the Upper Triassic of North America
Authors: GREEN JEREMY L. , SCHWEITZER MARY H. , LAMM ELLEN‐THERESE 
Published: March 2010

Abstract:  Patterns of bone deposition are reported and deduced from mid‐shaft sections of 21 limb bones of the dicynodont Placerias hesternus from the Placerias Quarry (Upper Triassic), Arizona, USA. All sampled elements of P. hesternus have a large medullary cavity completely filled with bony trabeculae surrounded by dense cortical bone. Dense Haversian bone extends from the perimedullary region to at least the mid‐cortex in all sampled bones. Primary bone in the outer cortex of limb elements of P. hesternus is generally zonal fibrolamellar with a peripheral layer of parallel‐fibred bone. These data suggest periodic rapid osteogenesis followed by slower growth. Among dicynodonts, this strategy is most similar to growth previously reported in other Triassic (Lystrosaurus, Wadiasaurus) and some Permian taxa (Oudenodon, Tropidostoma). An external fundamental system (EFS), suggesting complete or near complete cessation of appositional growth, is present in the largest tibia. This is the first report of EFS in dicynodonts and may represent the attainment of maximum size in P. hesternus. Slow‐growing peripheral bone was observed in elements of varying size in our sample and may support a differential growth pattern between P. hesternus individuals from this locality. A complete growth series of P. hesternus, analysis of Placerias specimens from other localities, and further sampling of other Upper Triassic dicynodonts are needed to better understand a more complete picture of the growth and remodelling patterns that we have initially investigated.
Clinical outcome of patients with follicular lymphoma and bulky disease after Rituximab‐CHOP immunochemotherapy with and without consolidating radiotherapy
Authors: McClanahan Fabienne , Hielscher Thomas , Rieger Michael , Hensel Manfred , Neben Kai , Hillengass Jens , Herfarth Klaus , Ho Anthony D. , Witzens‐Harig Mathias 
Published: March 2010

Abstract Background: The strategy to apply involved‐field radiotherapy (IF‐RT) after immunochemotherapy in patients with bulky follicular lymphoma (FL) remains controversial. Patients and methods: To evaluate the benefit of consolidating IF‐RT, we retrospectively analysed relapse patterns and survival of patients with bulky FL. All patients were treated within a multicenter prospective randomized trial on 126 patients with one, three or six cycles Rituximab and six cycles CHOP. According to the protocol, patients presenting with bulky disease were to undergo consolidating IF‐RT after immunochemotherapy. Forty‐two eligible patients with bulky disease were identified, of which 26 were irradiated and 16 were not, contrary to the demand of the protocol. Results: There was no significant difference between the irradiated and the non‐irradiated group regarding presenting characteristics (P > 0.05). After a median follow‐up of 60 months, 21 patients relapsed. In the irradiated group, relapse occurred in 12 of 26 patients. Fifty percent of relapses were located within the original bulk or within the bulk plus a new location. In the non‐irradiated group, 9 of 16 patients relapsed. There was no statistically significant difference between exposure to IF‐RT and the likelihood of a relapse per se (P = 0.751) or at a specific location (P = 0.66). Six‐yr‐PFS‐ (P = 1.0) and OS‐rates (P = 0.68) were 52% and 80% after IF‐RT and 48% and 73% without IF‐RT. Conclusion: There was no difference in relapse rate, PFS and OS between patients treated with and without consolidating IF‐RT. This is the first analysis of its kind conducted in the Rituximab era. However, these results are based on a relatively small cohort size and are derived from a retrospective analysis, with the limitations of such an analysis being well known.
The relativistic jet of Cygnus X−3 in gamma-rays
Authors: Dubus G. , Cerutti B. , Henri G. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
High-energy gamma-rays have been detected from Cyg X−3, a system composed of a Wolf–Rayet star and a black hole or neutron star. The gamma-ray emission is linked to the radio emission from the jet launched in the system. The flux is modulated with the 4.8-h orbital period, as expected if high-energy electrons are upscattering photons emitted by the Wolf–Rayet star to gamma-ray energies. This modulation is computed assuming that high-energy electrons are located at some distance along a relativistic jet of arbitrary orientation. Modelling shows that the jet must be inclined and that the gamma-ray emitting electrons cannot be located within the system. This is consistent with the idea that the electrons gain energy, where the jet is recollimated by the stellar wind pressure and forms a shock. Jet precession should strongly affect the gamma-ray modulation shape at different epochs. The power in non-thermal electrons represents a small fraction of the Eddington luminosity only if the inclination is low, i.e. if the compact object is a black hole.
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of a case
Authors: Patil S. , Gadbail A.R. , Chaudhary M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CxPA) represents approximately 11.6% of all malignant neoplasms of salivary gland and mostly originates from major salivary glands. Location in the minor salivary gland is uncommon and occurs in less than 7% of all cases. The majority of CxPA develops from epithelial component of PA. Salivary gland tumours are known to have a benign clinical behaviour with unrecognised metastatic potential. We present a case of a 53‐year‐old male patient of CxPA of parotid gland with cervical lymph node metastasis. In the present case, an immunohistochemical analysis was carried out using proliferating markers. The actual proliferating index and p53 protein expression are important predictive markers for deciding the treatment modality of salivary gland tumours.
Sudan case of the day: diprosopus‐duplicated oral cavity
Authors: Yousif Y. , Yousif Y.O. , Elbashir E.I. , Suliman A.M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe presence of an accessory or a duplicated mouth and mandible is extremely rare. The authors reported a case of a 19‐year‐old female patient with a duplicated oral cavity and mandibular dentition, presented to Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital, Sudan. The clinical and radiological findings were described together with the surgical technique. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second adult case with an isolated duplicated oral cavity and mandible in the medical literature, but the first one fully illustrated with clinical images and radiographs.
Two Months under Iraqi Occupation: A Personal Account
Authors: Alqudsi‐Ghabra Taghreed 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe author and her family woke up to find their country occupied on August 2, 1990. For them, two months of radical changes in living followed. Finally, they fled, enduring a difficult journey via Baghdad to Amman and the United States.The author, of Palestinian origin, also discusses the different attitudes of Arabs in Jordan, particular of the Palestinians.She notes the strength and promise of the Kuwaitis, especially of the young, who proved more mature and purposeful than had been thought, and of Kuwaiti women.
From Idealism to Pragmatism: An Analysis of China's Policies toward the Middle East
Authors: Chen Jiang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAfter World War II, the Middle East stage attracted Beijing's attention. While Israel and China proved at that time to be too diverse, through the 1950s China made inroads with Arab countries. Egypt became the first to recognize the P.R.C., which, however, suffered rebuffs as anti‐Communist forces generally prevailed in the Middle East. Beijing supported the people of Palestine. After the Soviet Union had become China's enemy, China tried to unite the Third World against the two superpowers.With Deng in 1978, China's Middle Eastern policy became more pragmatic, tilting toward the developed countries and economic cooperation rather than ideology (e.g., with Yemen). China enhanced relations with Gulf states; cooperated with the United States in supporting the Afghan mujahedin; and declared neutrality in the Iran‐Iraq War, although economic alliance with Iran grew.The Gulf War affected Beijing's attitudes toward weapons technology and toward the United Nations and China's role in it. Israel is currently viewed as a channel for possible influence with the West. Overall, China's basic policy now is to watch and wait.
Review
Authors: Aman Mary Jo , Piehler Heide 
Published: March 2010

Juvenile Books:Iblis Shulamith Levy OppenheimSister Shako and Kolo the Goat:Memories of My Childhood in Turkey. Vedat Dalokay, translated by Guner EnerAn Ancient Heritage: The Arab‐American Minority Brent AshabrannerWar In The Persian Gulf Fred BratmanThe Mideast After The Gulf War Richard SteinsThe Middle East In Search Of Peace Cathryn J. Long
Books about the Middle East for Young Children
Authors: Aman Mary Jo , Library Golda Meir 
Published: March 2010

Book reviewed in this article:Golden Windows and Other Stories of Jerusalem Adèle GerasThe Hundredth Name Shulamith Levey Oppenheim, Illustrated byMichael HaysWhen Solomon Was King, Sheila McGill‐Callahan Illustrated by Stephen T. JohnsonLebanon: New Light in an Ancient Lan, Elsa MarstonLebanon, Leila Merrell FosterIran in Pictures
Bibliometric Indicators of the Scholarly Productivity of Researchers and Scientists in Kuwait as Documented by Citation to Their Published Works
Authors: Aman Mohammed M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe study uses the bibliometric method of research to examine the productivity of academic scientists and re searchers in Kuwait. The Institute for Scientific Information's Arts and Humanities Index, Social Science Index, and Science Citation Index are surveyed to gather the data by department and year from 1986 through 1995. Analysis of Kuwaiti cited papers show the majority of journals (35%) which cited Kuwaiti institutions are published in the U.S. Analysis of the papers published in 1994 revealed that Kuwaiti's participation in the international scientific literature is higher than those of their colleagues from Morocco or Egypt. The data is discussed in light of theories of bibliometrics and the Bradford Law of Scattering.
Socio‐Psychological Structure of the Kuwaiti Society After the Gulf War
Authors: Naser Fahad Al 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study investigates the socio‐psychological changes, which the 1990 Gulf war had afflicted on the Kuwaiti society. Specifically, the objective of the paper is fourfold: first, to uncover the positive and negative effects of the socio‐psychological factors of the invasion and assess their consequences on the whole society; second, to quantify the extent and content of the problem; third, to scan the perimeter of the crisis and introduce the measures undertaken by the people and the government to combat the negative effects; and finally, to scrutinize the research techniques and refine the theoretical explanations that have been utilized in reaching the results of the study. In general, this paper documents the endeavor, which the State of Kuwait has achieved so far in alleviating the socio‐psychological ills of the Iraqi aggression.
Challenging “Islamic Fundamentalism”
Authors: Perry Glenn E. 
Published: March 2010

The Challenge of Fundamentalism: Political Islam and the New World Disorder, Bassam Tibi. Comparative Studies in Religion and Society Series #9, Mark Juergensmeyer, editor.Against Islamic Extremism: The Writings of Muhammad Sacid al‐cAshmawy. Carolyn Fluehr‐Lobban, editor.Qur'an, Liberation & Pluralism: An Islamic Perspective of Inter‐religious Solidarity Against Oppression, Farid Esack.
The Diwaniah: A Traditional Kuwaiti Social Institution in a Political Role
Authors: Al‐Naser Fahad 
Published: March 2010

AbstractsAs sociologists try to uncover the reasons why Kuwait was not only able to endure the oppression of the Iraqi invasion and occupation but also to recover relatively rapidly, some social institutions in the country are being explored for their value in understanding the coping strategies available within the culture. One such traditional institution is the diwaniah. This informal institution in Kuwait served as a natural and largely unchallenged survival mechanism both during historical conflicts and turmoil as well as recently during the Iraqi invasion and occupation. As a culture‐wide tradition, the diwaniah, by providing the meeting places for men to discuss important political and social issues, played several significant roles during the Iraqi invasion and occupation.In this paper, the author investigates the growth of and changes within the traditional institution of the diwaniah over the years in Kuwait, describing its structure and development, and evaluating its influence and the roles it has played in Kuwait's sociopolitical history. The study includes results of a an informal survey of the roles the diwaniah has played during the last decade in the social future of the diwaniah in Kuwait is positive and promising, because its importance and traditional influence are increasing each day. While the diwaniah is a Gulf Arab tradition, it is in Kuwait that it has maintained its strength. Kuwaitis are proud of this unique institution, they see how it helped them cope with the dangers of an occupying army, and they understand that it made possible the swift recovery after the war. Therefore, it is the wish of every Kuwaiti to preserve the diwaniah for the coming generations for the welfare of the society and the individual.
The Image of Arab and Islam in Introduction to Sociology College Textbooks in the United States
Authors: Al‐Qazzaz Ayad 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSociology textbooks play a central role in educational process of teaching Sociology. This is very obvious in an introduction course. Introduction courses tend to be very large. In major universities, sociology courses attract as many as 500 to 1000 students. The enrollees tend to be drawn from various disciplines ranging from hard core sciences to social sciences. Furthermore, many of the instructors who teach introduction to sociology tend be new, of junior ranks, and lack experience. Thus, instructors who teach introduction to sociology tend to rely heavily upon the textbook to organize their lectures and presentations in order to give an organized overview of the subject matter and present a clear picture of the essentials of the field.Diversity1 and globalization2 are two important variables that have gained popularity and importance among sociologists, and many social scientists, in recent years. Sociologists use these tools to present and analyze sociological data and information. Thus, these two variables have significantly changed both the coverage and the presentation of introductory sociology textbooks in the last decade or so. Diversity and globalization have increased the coverage of foreign cultures and societies.The purpose of this paper is to study the coverage of Islam and the Arabs in introductory sociology textbooks. The study will cover 20 textbooks published in the 1995–2000 by major publishing companies in the U.S. which are used at colleges and universities throughout the country. The choice of textbooks at the college level in a given course relies, in most cases, on the instructor who teaches the course. Therefore a given textbook may be used in different parts of the country. Content analysis techniques will be used to analyze and evaluate the coverage of both Islam and the Arabs.The introductory Sociology texts will be evaluated in terms of whether they give a balanced, measured, impartial, and an objective picture of the Arabs and Muslims.
The Middle East Synchrotron Facility can bring Regional Cooperation
Authors: Khan Sameen Ahmed 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOver three years ago, Germany decided to gift the BESSY‐I, a 800MeV synchrotron, fully functioning since 1982 in Berlin, to the region of Middle East. The Middle East Synchrotron better known by the acronym SESAME (Synchrotron‐light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East) will be the upgraded reincarnation of BESSY‐I. SESAME, the first synchrotron in the Middle East, is envisioned as a seed for a regional international research center, open to scientists in the region and beyond. The founders of the SESAME Project see a facility similar in purpose to the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) in Geneva, which brought together numerous scientists from countries that had fought each other during the two World Wars. Scientific collaboration beyond the national boundaries has been a force for peace in the cold war. An account of events leading to these very significant developments is presented.
The Sharing of Knowledge to Gain a Competitive Advantage by Small Businesses in Africa: Some critical comments
Authors: Ibrahim Eman , Britz Hannes 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe application of knowledge management methods by small businesses in Africa can contribute to the continent's growth rate. Africa's wealth lies in its human resources, and in its indigenous knowledge. Investing in the intellectual development of African people, and preserving their indigenous knowledge is an important route towards sustainable development. If small African businesses learn to apply knowledge management methods — particularly the SECI model in order to preserve and use their indigenous knowledge in their local markets, they will indeed reach new horizons of competitive advantage and market profitability.
Multiple Intelligence Styles in Relation to Improved Academic Performance in Kuwaiti Middle School Reading
Authors: Al‐Balhan Eisa M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractResearch was conducted with middle‐school Kuwaiti children to assess the effectiveness of student multiple intelligence styles in predicting students' improved reading skills through academic performance. A group of middle school students who had received first quarter grades and enrolled in an after‐school tutoring program were studied, with half of the students in a traditional tutoring program and the other half in a Gardner multiple intelligence style‐tutoring program. Results show that the students in the experimental group (mean = 48.99), whose multiple intelligence was applied to learning, performed better overall for the academic year than the students in the control group (mean = 45.30) who studied using traditional teaching methodology. Gender, school type, and residential living area were all analyzed within the experimental group. The experimental group results show that, with regards to grades during each quarter period, female students attending private institutions living in suburban areas had greater reading improvement.
Stateless and Citizenship Rights in the Middle East: the Case of Kuwait
Authors: Ali Yousef 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article examines Kuwaiti citizens' views towards expanding citizenship rights to disenfranchised groups. Using survey data from 1581 Kuwaiti citizens in 1998, the author focused on the influence of Kuwaitis' social statuses, cultural affiliations, social networks and religious beliefs. Are attitudes toward inclusion specific to the national origin of the excluded? It was found that variables connoting status decrease support for the stateless. Cultural adherence to Islamic nationalism and Pan‐Arabism and those who follow the media regularly positively influence support for the stateless. These findings suggest that citizens' attitudes about inclusion/exclusion are specific to the national origin of the dis‐enfranchised.
The Economic Role of the State in the Classical Islamic Literature: The Views of Ibn Taimiyah
Authors: Al‐Foul Bassam Abu , Soliman Mohamed 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper explores the economic writings of Ibn Taimiyah, particularly his views on the economic role of the state. In so doing, it offers some explanations to the “great gap” puzzle posed by Schumpeter, and introduces the reader to a model of the medieval Arab and Islamic economic thoughts.
International Political System and the Westphalian Paradigm: a Call for Revision
Authors: Saeidi Shereen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis analysis examines the political documentation of the Amarna letters, which date back to the mid‐fourteenth century B.C.E. This analysis will illustrate that a viable functioning international relations systems existed long before the Westphalia treaties (1648), which typically stand as the marker for the beginning of international relations. In order to examine this hypothesis, literature written about the Amarna period was examined for evidence of six defining indicators of international relations. This literature was applied in conjunction with the actual letters, providing the general tool of analysis. The analysis revealed that a fully‐functioning international relations system existed during the Amarna period, consisting of actors, polarity, international law, diplomacy, foreign policy, territorial expansion, trade, and alliance building. These finding do not mark insignificant the Westphalian treaties, their claims, or their symbolic importance. The main implication here is that the international relations field, as well as others, needs to acknowledge that much of what is considered “modern” in international relations actually developed in ancient Mesopotamia. Continuing refusal to account for the disparity between historical assumptions and reality will limit the scope of knowledge regarding international dilemmas considerably.
Who am I without Exile?: on Mahmûd Darwîsh's Later Poetics of Exile
Authors: Huri Yair 
Published: March 2010

Who am I after these paths of exodus? I own a boulder that bears my name on a tall bluff overlooking what has come to an end. Seven hundred years escort me beyond the city walls. Time turns around in vain to save my past from a moment that gives birth to the history of my exile in others and in myself. Mahmûd Darwish, “Be a String, Water, to my Guitar”Our eyes and ears refused obedience the princes of our senses proudly chose exile Zbigniew Herbert, “The Power of Taste”Writing is impossible without some kind of exile Julia Kristeva
The Political Poetry of Le Roi Jones (Amiri Baraka) and Mudhafar Al‐ Nawwab: a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Gohar Saddik M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper critically examines selected texts from the political poetry of the African American poet, Le Roi Jones (Amiri Baraka) and the dissident Iraqi poet, Mudhafar Al‐Nawwab, in order to underline the radical aesthetics operative in their poetry and emphasize their condemnation of the hegemonic forces which attempted to dominate the African American community and the Arab World. Illuminating common areas of interest that link these two poets together, the paper explores their attitudes toward the aggressive and inhuman policies advocated by racist and repressive agencies in the United States and the Arab World which sought to brutalize their nations. The paper also illustrates their points of view toward major issues such as oppression, struggle, and identity, in addition to their efforts to revolutionize the collective consciousness of African American and Arab people at times of national crises and political turmoil.
Moral and Legal Perspectives on Palestine: a Review Essay
Authors: Perry Glenn E. 
Published: March 2010

Book reviewed in this article:Speaking the Truth: Zionism, Israel, and Occupation: by Michael Prior, ed.; foreword by Archbishop Desmond TutuThe Case for Palestine: an International Law Perspective: by John QuigleyPalestinians Born in Exile: Diaspora and the Search for a Homeland: by Juliane Hammer