bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Producing a particle‐reinforced AlCuMgMn alloy by means of mechanical alloying
Authors: Siebeck S. , Nestler D. , Wielage B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEin geeignetes Verfahren zur Herstellung partikelverstärkter Aluminiumwerkstoffe ist das Hochenergie‐Kugelmahlen (HEM) mit anschließender Kompaktierung. Der Schritt HEM hat dabei die Aufgabe harte Partikel in duktilem metallischem Pulver möglichst homogen zu verteilen. Eine andere Anwendung von HEM ist das mechanische Legieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Kombination beider Effekte. Rein metallische Pulver (Al, Cu, Mg, Mn) wurden dazu gemeinsam mit SiC‐Pulver als Verstärkungskomponente bis zu 10 h gemahlen. Die Zusammensetzung der metallischen Pulver entspricht der der Legierung EN AW‐2017 (3,9% Cu, 0,7% Mg, 0,6% Mn). In bisherigen Versuchen wurde diese Legierung in Form von verdüstem Pulver verwendet. Die mikrostrukturellen Vorgänge innerhalb der sich bildenden Pulverteilchen während des Mahlens werden ausführlich mittels Lichtmikroskopie, REM, EDXS und XRD untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Herstellung von Verbundpulver in nur einem Schritt möglich ist. Dies erlaubt nicht nur die wirtschaftlichere Herstellung derartiger Pulver, sondern ermöglicht auch die Verwendung von Legierungszusammensetzungen, welche nicht oder nur schwer schmelzmetallurgisch herstellbar sind. Die Herstellung von tailor‐made‐Legierungen bietet sich an.
Gradation extrusion – Severe plastic deformation with defined gradient
Authors: Neugebauer R. , Sterzing A. , Selbmann R. , Zachäus R. , Bergmann M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) processes usually the whole material volume is subjected to the severe deformation. The generated fine‐grained structure is proposed to be uniformly distributed throughout the component. The resulting physical and mechanical properties have a comparatively even distribution at a homogeneous level. The goal of the presented research work is to generate a defined inhomogeneous structure with advantageous property distributions corresponding to local loads on the component. The new forming technology gradation extrusion has been developed for this purpose. This method is the base for the manufacture of cylindrical parts with a defined gradation of the grain size allowing new local combinations of physical and mechanical properties. The new technology has the potential to produce an ultrafine‐grained structure which can extend up to several mm deep below the surface. This layer is characterized by an increased strength while the inner material with a coarse grained structure has excellent ductility. Such a property combination has a high relevance for many practical applications. The presented technological approach can bridge the gap between methods refining the complete volume and methods of surface refinement only.
FE simulation of coated forming tools for high strength aluminium alloys
Authors: Neugebauer R. , Schmidt G. , Oppermann C. , Wielage B. , Lampke T. , Rupprecht C. , Nehrkorn S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEs wird auf die Notwendigkeit der FE‐Simulation und die dabei anfallenden Arbeitsschritte bei der Optimierung von beschichteten Umformwerkzeugen eingegangen. Nach der auf die konkrete Anwendung abgestimmten Schichtauswahl werden Materialparameter bestimmt und die dabei auftretenden Probleme bei Dünnschichten (Dicke in der Größenordnung von 2 μm) werden diskutiert. Die speziellen Probleme bei der numerischen Lösung der Modelle werden ebenfalls angesprochen. Letztendlich werden Ergebnisse der Simulation erläutert und Modifikationen in Variantenrechnungen untersucht.
On the simulation of multi‐stage forming processes: invariance under change of the reference configuration
Authors: Shutov A. V. , Pfeiffer S. , Ihlemann J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe need to change the reference configuration can naturally appear during the numerical simulation of multi‐stage metal forming processes. In the current work, a refined approach to the consideration of previously induced plastic anisotropy is discussed, which is based on such configuration change. The model of finite strain viscoplasticity proposed by Shutov and Kreißig is considered in this study as a practical tool, suitable to capture the evolution of mechanical properties of material during inelastic deformation. The initial plastic anisotropy can be considered within this model by a special choice of initial conditions imposed on the relevant internal variables. A simple transformation law which is based on the isochoric change of the reference configuration is obtained in the current study. This transformation allows to obtain relevant initial conditions with respect to a new reference configuration. Thus, the initial conditions are formulated using the simulation results from the foregoing loading. The advocated approach is exemplified by the numerical simulation of equal channel angular pressing of cylindrical billets. The plastic anisotropy accumulated during a single ECAP pass is estimated using a series of virtual tension tests. These tests were performed on samples cut from processed billet with their gage lengths in different directions. Finally, the impact of the plastic anisotropy on the rotation of the workpiece within the output channel during ECAP is numerically estimated.
Cost Calculation of tools for manufacturing aluminum‐based lightweight materials using the example of an extrusion recipient
Authors: Götze U. , Morgenstern S. , Schmidt A. , Strehl G. , Zönnchen S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractStrangpressen stellt eines der wirtschaftlichsten Umformverfahren für Aluminiumwerkstoffe dar und weist zugleich ein hohes Weiterentwicklungspotenzial für neue Verfahrensvarianten und Anwendungsgebiete auf. Für die konkrete Produktivität des Strangpressens wiederum spielt der Rezipient, als Komponente des Werkzeugsatzes, eine entscheidende Rolle. Um nun die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens im spezifischen Anwendungsfall sowie verschiedene Werkzeugkonzepte beurteilen und zudem zielgerichtet Angebotspreise festlegen zu können, ist die Kenntnis der Kosten, die durch die Herstellung und/oder den Einsatz des Rezipienten verursacht werden, erforderlich. Daher wird eine Kalkulationsmethodik benötigt, die in der Lage ist, im Rahmen der Entwicklung und Konstruktion von Rezipienten – bei einer noch schmalen Informationsbasis – eine fundierte und relativ exakte Aussage über die Kostenhöhe zu generieren. Die Entwicklung einer solchen Methodik sowie deren Umsetzung in einem IT‐gestützten Kalkulationstool sind Gegenstand dieses Beitrags.
Influence of anodic oxide coatings on screwing behaviour and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking of self‐tapping aluminium screws
Authors: Sieber M. , Scharf I. , Härtel M. , Hellmig R. J. , Lampke T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEnhanced use of lightweight materials, namely aluminium and magnesium, requires the application of appropriate production techniques. Self‐tapping screws represent an innovative joining technology. High‐strength aluminium alloys can be used as screw material. Stringent requirements regarding the wear resistance of screw surfaces result from the thread‐forming process. These requirements are met by oxide ceramic conversion layers produced by hard anodizing. Based on application‐oriented testing methods, the influence of hard anodized layers on the screwing behaviour and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking of high‐strength aluminium screws is examined.
Decision making, impulsivity, and addictions: Do Parkinson's disease patients jump to conclusions?
Authors: Djamshidian Atbin , O'Sullivan Sean S. , Sanotsky Yanosh , Sharman Stephen , Matviyenko Yuriy , Foltynie Thomas , Michalczuk Rosanna , Aviles‐Olmos Iciar , Fedoryshyn Ludmyla , Doherty Karen M. , Filts Yuriy , Selikhova Marianna , Bowden‐Jones Henrietta , Joyce Eileen , Lees Andrew J. , Averbeck Bruno B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLinks between impulsive‐compulsive behaviors (ICBs) in treated Parkinson's disease (PD), behavioral addictions, and substance abuse have been postulated, but no direct comparisons have been carried out so far. We directly compared patients with PD with and without ICBs with illicit drug abusers, pathological gamblers, and age‐matched healthy controls using the beads task, a test of reflection impulsivity, and a working memory task. We found that all patients with PD made more impulsive and irrational choices than the control group. PD patients who had an ICB showed similar behavior to illicit substance abusers, whereas patients without ICBs more closely resembled pathological gamblers. In contrast, we found no difference in working memory performance within the PD groups. However, PD patients without ICBs remembered distractors significantly less than all other patients during working memory tests. We were able to correctly classify 96% of the PD patients with respect to whether or not they had an ICB by analyzing three trials of the 80/20 loss condition of the beads task with a negative prediction value of 92.3%, and we propose that this task may prove to be a powerful screening tool to detect an ICB in PD. Our results also suggest that intact cortical processing and less distractibility in PD patients without ICBs may protect them from developing behavioral addictions. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Combined use of free jejunum and pectoralis major muscle flap with skin graft for reconstruction after salvage total pharyngolaryngectomy
Authors: Miyamoto Shimpei , Sakuraba Minoru , Nagamatsu Shogo , Kamizono Kenichi , Fujiki Masahide , Hayashi Ryuichi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSalvage total pharyngolaryngectomy after failed organ‐preserving therapy often results in composite defects involving the alimentary tract, trachea, and neck skin. This retrospective study examined combined use of the free jejunum flap and the pectoralis major muscle flap with skin graft for such a complex reconstruction. We reviewed 11 patients who underwent free jejunum transfer for alimentary reconstruction and pedicled pectoralis major muscle flap transfer with a skin graft on the muscle for simultaneous neck skin resurfacing after salvage total pharyngolaryngectomy from 2005 through 2010. The operative morbidity rate was 27.3%. No pharyngocutaneous fistula developed in this series. Oral intake could be resumed within 3 weeks after surgery in all patients. Seven of 11 patients had a functional tracheostoma with adequate stomal patency. Combined use of free jejunum and pectoralis major muscle flap with skin graft provided secure wound closure even for complicated cases. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Subacute and delayed period microsurgical management of traumatic extremity injuries in pediatric population
Authors: Arslan Hakan , Çinar Can , Bingöl Uǧur Anil , Yücel Osman Akin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe purpose of the present report is to evaluate the outcome of subacute and delayed period microsurgical reconstructions of traumatic extremity defects of the pediatric patients. Eighteen free tissue transfers had been performed in 18 patients. Patients ranged in age from 5 to 17 years of age and had a median age of 12.05 years. The time between trauma and free flap transfer varied between 8 and 86 days (mean, 30.8 days). Hospital stay ranged from 8 to 90 days, with a mean stay of 38.7 days. Postoperative complications were seen in 8 of 18 patients (44.4%). Re‐exploration for venous thrombosis was necessary in two patients, and total flap loss occurred in one case. The average follow‐up time was 34 months. One could conclude from our report and the reference literature that the frequently quoted dogma of a definitive defect closure within 7 days may have lost much of its justification. The final results obtained after delayed definitive soft tissue reconstruction compare favorably with results previously reported in the literature from patient groups whose wounds could be closed in the early period within 7 days. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Navigating Motherhood Choices in the context of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Women's Stories
Authors: Meade T. , Sharpe L. , Hallab L. , Aspanell D. , Manolios N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectivePlanning a family is a complex decision. For women with chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there are additional concerns about their own and their baby's health. This qualitative study examined women's experiences of negotiating their family decisions in the context of RA.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted in 14 women who provided a written account of their motherhood decisions and experiences. Those ‘stories’ were then thematically analysed.ResultsRA was found to affect women's motherhood decisions and experiences. Three key themes were identified for both the process of decision making and the experience of that decision: capacity, uncertainty and acceptance. Only two of the women decided not to have children, while for others the decision centred on changing expectations from the number of children they planned to have, to parenting within the restrictions of their physical abilities.ConclusionWhile many women struggled through the negotiations of their motherhood choices, those who chose to have children reported great joy in that experience. The challenges faced by women with RA contemplating motherhood, however, highlight the need for understanding and support from health professionals and the provision of resources so that women can make informed choices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term effects of neck irradiation on cardiovascular autonomic function: A study in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy
Authors: Huang Chih‐Cheng , Huang Tai‐Lin , Hsu Hsuan‐Chih , Chen Hui‐Chun , Lin Hsin‐Ching , Chien Chih‐Yen , Fang Fu‐Min , Chang Hsueh‐Wen , Tsai Nai‐Wen , Chang Wen‐Neng , Chen Shu‐Fang , Lin Tzu‐Kong , Tan Teng‐Yeow , Chang Chuang‐Rung , Wang Hung‐Chen , Lin Wei‐Che , Lu Cheng‐Hsien 
Published: July 2012

IntroductionBaroreflex failure has been reported as a late sequalum of neck radiotherapy. In this study we investigated cardiovascular autonomic function in patients after neck radiotherapy to determine predictive factors associated with outcome.MethodsEighty‐nine patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were evaluated ≥6 months after radiotherapy for cardiovascular autonomic function and compared with 48 control subjects. Inflammatory markers and carotid intima–media thickness were also assessed.ResultsAutonomic parameters of heart rate response to deep breathing and Valsalva ratio were significantly lower in the patient group. Cardiovascular autonomic impairment was generally mild with relative sparing of the efferent cardiovagal pathway. By univariate and multivariate analyses, the time after radiotherapy and C‐reactive protein level were significantly associated with the degree of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction.ConclusionsRadiation‐induced cardiovascular autonomic impairment is a dynamic and progressive process that occurs long after radiotherapy. Chronic inflammation plays a major role in this process. Muscle Nerve 47:344‐350, 2013
Validation of the modified LDIFlare technique: A simple and quick method to assess C‐fiber function
Authors: Vas Prashanth R.J. , Rayman Gerry 
Published: July 2012

IntroductionIn this study we validated a modified laser Doppler imager method (mLDIf) for assessing C‐fiber function and compared it to the original (oLDIf). Both measure flare size in foot skin after heating, but the mLDIf uses 47°C (vs. 44°C), making it quicker and better suited for clinical use.MethodsTo confirm that mLDIf assesses C‐fiber function, 5 healthy controls (HC) were studied before and after local anesthesia (LA). Reproducibility and comparison with oLDIf was assessed in HC (n = 16). Finally, diabetes subjects with (DN+, n = 10) and without (DN−, n = 16) neuropathy were studied.ResultsLA almost abolished the flare (9.3 ± 3.0 cm2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.3 cm2, P < 0.0001). mLDIf produced larger flares (9.9 ± 3.4 vs. 5.7 ± 2.3 cm2, P < 0.0001), but correlated with oLDIf (r = 0.81, P < 0.001). mLDIf was reduced in DN− (6.8 ± 2.8 vs. HC, P = 0.003), markedly so in DN+ (2.0 ± 1.1 vs. HC and DN−, P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe mLDIf is a quick, practical method for assessing C‐fiber function in the clinical setting. Muscle Nerve 47:351‐356, 2013
Increased risk of bladder cancer following diagnosis with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis
Authors: Keller Joseph , Chiou Hung‐Yi , Lin Herng‐Ching 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimsInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a prevalent disorder that may contribute to bladder cancer (BC). This cohort study set out to investigate the association between IC/BPS and BC by using a population‐based dataset.MethodsThe data for this study were sourced from the Taiwan National Health Insurance program. The case cohort comprised 7,562 patients with IC/BPS, and 22,686 randomly selected subjects were used as a comparison cohort. A Cox proportional hazards regression model (stratified by age group, geographic location, urbanization level, and the index year) was constructed to estimate the risk of subsequent BC following a diagnosis of IC/BPS. We also ran the analysis utilizing an alternative comparison cohort composed of patients with urinary incontinence (UI).ResultsIn the study sample of 30,248 patients, 96 patients (0.32%) received a diagnosis of BC during the 3‐year follow‐up period; 48 (0.63% of patients with IC/BPS) were from the study cohort; and 48 (0.21% of patients without IC/BPS) were from the comparison cohort. The incidence rate of BC was 2.12 (95% CI: 1.58–2.78) per 1,000 person‐years in patients with IC/BPS and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.52–0.92) per 1,000 person‐years in comparison patients. Cox proportional analysis revealed that the adjusted HR for BC during the 3‐year follow‐up period for patients with IC/BPS was 2.95 (95% CI: 1.97–4.41) that of comparison subjects. When performing the analysis with the alternative UI comparison cohort, the adjusted HR for BC was 1.96 (95% CI: 1.14–3.39).ConclusionsThis investigation detected a novel association between BC and prior IC/BPS. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 58–62, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formamide‐based RNA Isolation at Above ZeroTemperatures from High Starch Cassava Tubers
Authors: Bowrin Valerie , Rouse‐Miller Judy , Sutton Fedora , Sirju‐Charran Grace 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionCassava (Manihot esculenta) tubers are a main source of carbohydrate for a large percentage of people in the tropics. However, obtaining RNA from such high starch tubers proves problematic because gelation occurs during standard isolation procedures. In preliminary studies, formamide was used to homogenise tubers at room temperature and no gelation was observed.ObjectivesTo develop a simple, reproducible formamide‐based procedure for RNA isolation from high starch tissues without the initial use of liquid nitrogen or lyophilisation. A second objective was to determine the impact of storage of formamide homogenates at 4°C on RNA integrity.MethodologyTubers were homogenised in 100% formamide at room temperature and stored for 1, 4 or 7 days at 4°C. Homogenates were centrifuged at 14000 × g for 10 min and RNA recovered from the supernatants by isopropanol precipitation followed by dissolution in guanidinium buffer. Protein was removed by standard phenol–chloroform–isoamyl alcohol extraction and RNA recovered by isopropanol precipitation. For immediate RNA isolation, formamide homogenates can be processed without incubation at 4°C.ResultsIn formamide homogenates a non‐gelatinous white pellet was observed which was identified as starch by Lugol's staining. Intact RNA was observed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The RNA was successfully used in downstream RT‐PCR reactions.ConclusionFormamide maintained the integrity of the RNA during tissue processing at 25 ± 2°C and storage at 4°C. This room temperature formamide‐based RNA isolation procedure met the criteria of simplicity, low‐cost, reproducibility and addressed gelation problems associated with high starch tissues. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doppler changes in the vertebral, middle cerebral, and umbilical arteries in fetuses delivered after 34 weeks: relationship to severity of growth restriction
Authors: Morales Roselló José , Hervás Marín David , Fillol Crespo Manuel , Perales Marín Alfredo 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the association between Doppler changes in the fetal vertebral (VA), middle cerebral (MCA), and umbilical arteries (UA) and severity of growth restriction (FGR) in fetuses delivered after 34 weeks.MethodFive hundred seventy‐one Doppler examinations of the VA, MCA, and UA were performed between 26 and 41 weeks of gestation. Values were converted into multiples of the median and divided into birth weight (BW) categories: BW>P10th, BW<P10th, BW<P5th, and BW<P3rd. Differences were evaluated and multivariate logistic regression models plus receiver‐operating characteristic curves were calculated to determine the accuracy of Doppler measurements for the prediction of FGR percentiles.ResultsThe UA pulsatility index (PI) was significant predicting BW<P10th and BW<P3rd, the VA PI was significant predicting BW<P5th and BW<P3rd. Finally, the MCA PI was not predictive of any degree of severity of FGR. In addition, only VA and UA differences were statistically significant.ConclusionIn fetuses delivered after 34 weeks, mild degrees of growth restriction are better associated with high UA PI whereas severe degrees are associated with low VA PI but not with low MCA PI. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signals of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy for immunosuppressants: a disproportionality analysis of spontaneous reports within the US Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS)
Authors: Schmedt Niklas , Andersohn Frank , Garbe Edeltraut 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that has been reported as rare adverse drug reaction (ADR) of immunosuppressive drugs. We aimed to study signals of PML for immunosuppressants using a disproportionality analysis of spontaneous adverse event reports.MethodsWithin the US Adverse Event Reporting System, we analyzed all reports of ADRs submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration between January 1, 2004 and September 30, 2010. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to calculate reporting odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals of PML for immunosuppressants according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system (L04), rituximab and cyclophosphamide compared to all other drugs.ResultsWe identified 635 PML cases in a total of 1 978 706 patients eligible for analysis. Altogether, 21 out of 36 analyzed immunosuppressants were reported at least once with PML. In the univariate analyses, we found a signal for 11 of these drugs (azathioprine, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, efalizumab, leflunomide, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, natalizumab, rituximab, tacrolimus and sirolimus). In the multivariate analysis, the signal was no longer present for sirolimus, leflunomide and methotrexate.DiscussionOur study revealed signals of PML for a substantial number of immunosuppressants, including some drugs less considered so far as a risk factor of PML, especially when used for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. These drugs and possible interactions between different immunosuppressants should be studied more closely in future studies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.