bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SMC method for online prediction in hidden Markov models
Authors: Zhang Dongqing , Ning Xuanxi , Liu Xueni 
Published: November 2009

PurposeAs the conventional multistep‐ahead prediction may be unsuitable in some cases, the purpose of this paper is to propose a novel method based on joint probability distributions, which provides the most probable estimation for the predicted trajectory.Design/methodology/approachMany real‐time series can be modeled in hidden Markov models. In order to predict these time series online, sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) method is applied for joint multistep‐ahead prediction.FindingsThe data of monthly national air passengers in China are analyzed, and the experimental results demonstrate that the method proposed and the corresponding online algorithms are effective.Research limitations/implicationsIn this paper, SMC method is applied for joint multistep‐ahead prediction. However, with the increasing of prediction step, the number of particles is increasing exponentially, which means that the prediction steps cannot be too large.Practical implicationsA very useful advice for researchers who study time‐series forecasts.Originality/valueA novel method of multistep‐ahead prediction based on joint probability distribution is proposed and SMC method is applied to prediction time series online. This paper is aimed at those researchers who focus on time‐series forecasts.
Self‐organizing data mining research on the decision support system for environmental evolution analysis
Authors: Shuhong Zhang , Mianyun Chen 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to select the main impact factors of environment change automatically and identify and analyze the potential environmental impact factors with time delay by computer simulation, analyzing the impact rate of environmental impact factors. Then, the environmental impact factors analysis decision support system based on self‐organizing data mining model is designed.Design/methodology/approachApplying data mining methods in the analysis and decision making of regional environmental impact factors will have broad perspective. Self‐organization data mining is a new modeling method of complex systems modeling with strong modeling capability. It was first presented by A.G. Ivakhnenko, based on the principle of self‐organization of biological cybernetics and Kolmogoorov‐Gabor polynomial function. In this paper, the impact factors of regional environment quality evolution based on self‐organization data mining method is studied, selecting the main impact factors of environment change automatically by computer simulation, analyzing the impact contribution rate of environmental impact factors.FindingsThe environmental impact factors analysis decision support system based on self‐organizing data mining model is designed.Research limitations/implicationsAccessibility and availability of data are the main limitations affecting which model will be applied.Practical implicationsThe paper has important theoretical and practical significance for the sustainable development of regional environment, resource, economy system and the constitution of environmental protection and management measures.Originality/valueThis paper not only exploits new application domains of self‐organization data mining, but also explores new ways for regional environment impact factors analysis.
Emergence in entity grammar systems
Authors: Zheng Rao , Wang Kui‐Sheng , Wang Yun 
Published: November 2009

PurposeEmergence is the kernel concept of complexity science. Lack of precision when people refer to “emergent properties” hinders the research of complex systems. The purpose of this paper is to develop a formal definition of emergence to make it intrinsic to a system and to integrate different views on emergence.Design/methodology/approachBased on the modeling framework of entity grammar systems (EGS), a formal definition of emergence is proposed and a theorem is obtained for exploring the producing conditions of emergence. With the definition and theorem, three views on emergence are unified using the same formalism of EGS.FindingsThe concept of emergence can be formally defined in the framework of EGS to integrate the “downward causation” and “upward causation” views of emergence and makes emergent properties intrinsic to a system. It is possible to control the production of emergence when the system is analyzed using the formalism of EGS.Originality/valueA formal definition of emergence is proposed in this paper. This work combines the modeling power of EGS with the formal analysis of emergence, which will prompt the further application of EGS in modeling, simulation, and analysis of complex systems in many fields and will provide practical tools for complexity research.
A formal method for integrating distributed ontologies and reducing the redundant relations
Authors: Zhu Junwu , Wang Jiandong , Li Bin 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to integrate distributed ontologies on the web system and clarify the structure of the integrated one.Design/methodology/approachA formal method based on concept lattices is introduced as a mechanism to form more general semantic level. By checking the extension and the intension of concept, this method extracts the concept pairs satisfying inclusion relations from descartes' set of concepts in distributed ontologies first, and then constructs a concept lattice according to these concept pairs. An algorithm to reduce redundant relations is also proposed to clarify the structure of integrated ontology.FindingsThe experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method to reduce redundant relations, and the Nir‐to‐Ncr ratio inclines to 1.05 from 3.13.Research limitations/implicationsInstances of certain concept are not given completely on the web, so it is difficult to check extension of different concepts.Practical implicationsA very useful method of integrating distributed ontologies on the web.Originality/valueCompared with existing methods, this formal method can be performed by program automatically without any human intervening, and can extract the inclusion relations between concepts from distributed ontologies completely.
Institutionalising information asymmetry: governance structures for open innovation
Authors: Feller Joseph , Finnegan Patrick , Hayes Jeremy , O'Reilly Philip 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the ways in which firms utilise hierarchical relationships and the market system to supply and acquire intellectual property (IP) and/or innovation capabilities from sources external to the firm.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct a field study to explore emerging governance structures for open innovation, using multiple data sources including documents (e.g. white papers) and interviews published by the firms studied, analysis of the firms' web‐based systems (where applicable), secondary content (e.g. news articles) and elite interviews with key personnel.FindingsThe analysis of seven exemplars of open innovation reveals that inter‐organisational relationships that facilitate open innovation can be categorised based on whether they are mediated or direct, and seek to exchange intellectual property or innovation capability. Using this categorisation, the authors present an analysis that reveals four governance structures along ten dimensions, and discuss the influence of knowledge dispersion, uncertainty and transaction costs on the emergence of such structures. The authors conclude that the appropriateness of hierarchical/market relationships or intermediaries to source IP and/or innovation capability is dependent on the information asymmetry in relation to the existence and availability of potential solutions/solvers; the suitability of potential innovation partners (solution providers and solvers); and the acquisition process for external innovations (including problem specification, solution evaluation, transfer, etc.).Research limitations/implicationsThe research is exploratory in nature, and designed to serve as a foundation for future research efforts. In particular, the work highlights the need for research that takes an inter‐organisational perspective on facilitating open innovation.Practical implicationsThe research highlights the prominence of information asymmetry as a key issue in choosing and designing appropriate governance structures for open innovation.Originality/valueThe paper presents an exploratory study of an emerging, and consequently under‐researched phenomenon.
Cooperative design efforts for the development of complex IT‐artefacts
Authors: Ponte Diego , Rossi Alessandro , Zamarian Marco 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThis paper contributes to the debate on the relationship between IT‐artefacts and organisational structuration by describing the dynamics surrounding the collaborative development of an innovative electronic metering system. The aim of the paper is to address a clear gap in the current literature on collaborative IT‐artefacts design, as cooperation at early design stages has barely been analysed. This work tries to understand whether and to what extent the design of an IT‐artefact is driven by the interests of a number of heterogeneous actors and how these are able to affect the artefact's evolution.Design/methodology/approachThe research relies on a case study analysis, which focuses on a consortium of heterogeneous actors (firms, the public sector, research institutes) working within the green energy industry. The research focuses on a workgroup attempting to develop an innovative IT‐artefact: an electronic metering system.FindingsThe main results emerging from the field study are: the relevance of each actor's interests as a prevalent rationale for explaining the technical features of the IT‐artefact; the role of negotiation and consensus in determining the final shape of the IT‐artefact in terms of its features; and the bundling/unbundling of IT‐artefact features as a result of changes in the alignment of actors.Research limitations/implicationsThe research presents two clear limitations. First, the activities of the workgroup are still ongoing thus limiting some of the insights one may draw from the case study. Second, the analysis is carried out on a single case study. Further analysis should be done to increase consistency and validity of the findings.Practical implicationsFindings indicate that in an open and collaborative environment, the conceptualisation and evolution of an IT‐artefact are influenced more by the political agendas of the various actors rather than by pure technical problems and concerns. The practical implications thus are that every attempt to manage such a collaborative effort must seriously take into consideration these aspects.Originality/valueStarting from the recognition that little research has been conducted on the factors influencing cooperative IT‐artefact design, this paper sheds new light on how these factors influence such cooperative activity. The authors believe that this kind of work helps lay some foundations for general models attempting to explain cooperative innovation processes such as the open innovation model.
Natural hazards and environmental implications in Nepal
Authors: Pokhrel D. , Bhandari B.S. , Viraraghavan T. 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to evaluate the published information on natural hazards and their implications in the environment.Design/methodology/approachThe published data/information on natural hazards were collected and analyzed.FindingsAn analysis of the disaster data (1983‐2003) showed that a total of 1,063 lives on an average were claimed by natural calamities (earthquake, landslide, flood, fire, windstorm, epidemics and avalanche) each year. Water‐induced (flood and landslide) disasters alone contributed to 31.8 percent of the total deaths. Epidemics claimed the maximum number of deaths (55.9 percent) especially in the post‐disaster period. Many of these epidemics occurred due to the contamination of the drinking water sources by flash floods, and landslides. Poor sanitation, unsafe water and unhealthy living conditions contributed to major outbreaks of water‐borne diseases especially in the monsoon period claiming numerous lives.Originality/valuePublished information on natural hazards and implications on environment is limited. This paper integrated and analyzed 21 years of disaster data. A discussion of environmental implication is provided.
Strategic public relations
Authors: Khodarahmi Ehsan 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw the line between public relations and strategic public relations in a simple and understandable language.Design/methodology/approachVarious definitions of both public relations and strategic public relations were cited in the paper and the common terms used in all definitions were outlined. The main discussion was then based on such similarities in order to establish the differences between the two terms. This was done by studying others' research and discussing their findings in a simple language in order to present a reliable literature review to readers and facilitate future research by providing credible references.FindingsThere is a grey line between public relations and strategic public relations; however there are differences between the two. This paper clarifies the differences by referring to genuine definitions of the two terms by experts and their analysis of the terms when it comes to practice, which calls for integration.Research limitations/implicationsThere is limited research conducted in the field of strategic public relations and still many have doubts about its effectiveness. This paper gathered relevant theory and examples from the real business world to suggest integration of public relations with marketing tools with strategic management coupled with generating trust.Practical implicationsSymmetrical communications and realising appropriate timing are important to achieve objectives of strategic pubic relations. There is no magic or formula for this but to think outside the box, allow effective stakeholders' engagement and proactive monitoring of the marketplace to increasingly enhance the chances of success.Originality/valueSuccinct study of strategic public relations and introducing the term SPR, as well as emphasising the integration of appropriate techniques and tools to achieve optimal result.
The killer Kindle
Authors: Medeiros Norm 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review Amazon's Kindle, and to describe intersections between it, smart phones, and Google Books.Design/methodology/approachThe article is designed as an opinion piece on the nature of electronic books in academia.FindingsThe article suggests e‐books will increase in popularity over time, but that the business model for individual download of e‐books will need to support institutional purchase.Originality/valueThe article should generate views, both in support of and in opposition to, the claims of the author; it should serve as a discussion starter.
IMPACT: working together to address the challenges involving mass digitization of historical printed text
Authors: Balk Hildelies , Ploeger Lieke 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the most urgent challenges that libraries face in the mass digitization of historical printed text: the unsatisfactory result of the conversion of scanned images to full featured electronic text by means of automated optical character recognition (OCR); the historical language barrier around 1850, caused by inadequacy of most existing lexica for historical language for OCR or post‐correction and a lack of institutional knowledge and expertise in libraries, museums and archives.Design/methodology/approachIn the EC‐funded project IMPACT (Improving Access to Text), seven libraries, six research institutes and two private sector companies across Europe work together to address the challenges by the development of OCR software and technologies which exceed the accurateness of current state‐of‐the‐art software significantly. The IMPACT solutions focus on the entire process of recognition after the document leaves the scanner: Image processing, OCR processing (including use of dictionaries), OCR correction and Document formatting. IMPACT will also build capacity in mass digitization by sharing best practice and expertise with the cultural heritage communities in Europe.FindingsTechnical results will include toolkits for image enhancement and segmentation, an adaptive OCR engine and several prototypes of experimental OCR engines, computational lexica and several post‐correction modules including a web based collaborative correction system and a parser for structural metadata. Strategic tools include several decision support tools, guidelines, a web site with demonstrator platform, a training programme and ultimately, a sustainable Centre of Competence for mass digitization in Europe.Originality/valueThe IMPACT solutions will allow for the first time to transform large amounts of digitized historical texts into electronic text with a minimum of manual interference and a significantly improved accessibility for the user.
Digital library of the Caribbean: a user‐centric model for technology development in collaborative digitization projects
Authors: Sullivan Mark , Ochoa Marilyn N. 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the technological approach used by the Digital Library of the Caribbean project to build an international collaborative library across many separate institutions with varying degrees of expertise, technological abilities, and motivations.Design methodology/approachA freely‐distributed digitization toolkit was developed to assist with tracking and digitization of the distributed resources. In addition, on‐site training was provided for most partners and was open for anyone in the area to attend. The strong emphasis on branding and presenting the same data within differently branded interfaces in the web presence encouraged greater participation of international partners.FindingsDigital Library of the Caribbean (dLOC), a joint project of the University of Florida, University of Virgin Islands and Florida International University in partnership with institutions in the Caribbean and circum‐Caribbean, serves as the access point for scholars, students and citizens of interdisciplinary Caribbean and circum‐Caribbean research and gathers together a critical mass of cultural, historical and research materials originally held in archives, libraries and private collections. Involving partners in the process of usability studies, as well as conducting internal usability studies, have also assisted in the creation of a successful project web interface.Practical implicationsOne concrete practical implication is the availability of a standards‐based digitization toolkit, which can be freely used by non‐members as well as members. Findings also suggest a course for digital library development in collaborative ventures. In addition, this case shows the benefits of the recurring, iterative process of performing usability studies during the development phase.Originality/valueThis paper has value for anyone looking to build collaboration in under‐represented regions.
TIDES: bridging cultural, digital and institutional divides in East Texas and beyond
Authors: Hennessey Christine , Clarke Susan , Galan Rachel 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the history of the TIDES (Teaching, Images and Digital Experiences) Program, and demonstrate how TIDES has created mutually beneficial partnerships through sharing resource and collaborating on digital initiatives with a variety of institutions in both Texas and Mexico.Design/methodology/approachIn order to bridge the digital and cultural divide in East Texas classrooms, TIDES has formed partnerships with institutions and educators from Mexico. By offering media rich resources, adapting current curriculum for today's digital environment, and fostering international partnerships, TIDES has built a model for an education program that promotes local and global understanding.FindingsBringing together teachers from Mexico and Texas has resulted in a better understanding of each culture, which has translated to the classroom. These connections have been further supported by TIDES virtual expeditions, art projects, and primary source documents.Practical implicationsOver time, TIDES has grown from a small, regional project to a university supported and sustained program. TIDES has pursued new ways the university library can contribute to the university community by forging partnerships in unexpected places. TIDES also offers unique opportunities for educators to travel on teacher expeditions, experiencing firsthand the cultures they are trying to relate to and teach about.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates unique ways that libraries and library staff can reach across the aisle to other departments and institutions, working together to increase access to and visibility of their services. The TIDES Program can be used as a model in other communities, as well as a starting point for other collaborative projects.
The new Papers Past: an international collaboration between New Zealand, India, Germany, and the United States
Authors: Lanz Daniel , Zarndt Frederick , Boddie Stefan , Powell Tracy , Salgotra Vishal 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss international collaboration on the Papers Past historic newspaper digitisation project, with particular focus on how to work together across four countries for a successful outcome.Design/methodology/approachThe paper outlines the stages of the project and provides project perspectives from all the partners. Concludes with lessons learned.FindingsThe article confirms that clear communication and requirements are essential to any collaborative project.Originality/valueThis study provides insight into how to overcome the difficulties of working collaboratively on projects across different countries and cultures.
Strategies for winning in the current and post‐recession environment
Authors: Reeves Martin , Deimler Michael S. 
Published: November 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline a range of short‐ to medium‐term recession‐specific strategies designed to drive growth and ensure that a company survives this downturn and emerges from it competitively advantaged.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines recession‐specific strategies designed to drive growth and ensure that a company survives.FindingsEven after the eventual economic recovery, heightened uncertainty and volatility will remain permanent features of the business environment. As a result, resilience – the ongoing ability to anticipate and adapt to critical strategic shifts – will become an increasingly important driver of future competitive advantage. Given the likelihood that the strategic environment will remain uncertain even after the recovery, the company must institutionalize the lessons learned during the downturn. And go further to adjust the customer offering and business practices (new services, new features, new pricing models, enter or exit markets, band with other businesses in cooperative relationships).Practical implicationsThe consensus is growing among economists, business leaders, and governments that the world is in the midst of a prolonged slowdown of unpredictable duration and that even when the upturn comes, the post‐crisis strategic and operating environment will almost certainly be quite different.Originality/valueThe authors warn that some of the classic strategies for gaining competitive advantage – for instance, focusing on scale – have been losing their power. Senior managers need to heed these warnings when they review their growth and survival plans.