bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driving situations and driver decisions at road traffic signals
Authors: Koh P. P. , Wong Y. D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDriver performance in responding to the green‐amber‐red signal change was studied based on a sample of 2316 last crossing and first stopping vehicles collected by unobtrusive observations at 10 junction approaches in Singapore. Two schemes, a speed‐distance diagram (S‐D) and an acceleration‐deceleration (A‐D) diagram, were used to demarcate the driving situations; the driver actions, as revealed outcomes of driver decision‐making, were mapped onto these diagrams. The speed‐distance diagram can give some indication on what a driver would possibly do. The more complicated acceleration‐deceleration diagram is useful for diagnosing the appropriateness of the driver actions. An application of the A‐D diagram was demonstrated, and several situations prone to red‐running were noted.
Accident severity analysis using ordered probit model
Authors: Rifaat S. M. , Chin H. C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTo reduce injuries in road crashes, better understanding is needed between the relationship of injury severity and risk factors. This study seeks to identify the contributing factors affecting crash severity with broad considerations of driver characteristics, roadway features, vehicle types, pedestrian characteristics and crash characteristics using an ordered probit model. It also explores how the interaction of these factors will affect accident severity risk. Three types of accidents were investigated: two‐vehicle crashes, single vehicle crashes and pedestrian accidents. The reported crash data in Singapore from 1992 to 2001 were used to illustrate the process of parameter estimation. Several factors such as vehicle type, road type, collision type, location type, pedestrian age, time of day of accident occurrence were found to be significantly associated with injury severity. It was also found that injury severity decreases over time for the three types of accident investigated.
Dispatching control at transfer stations in multi‐hub transit networks
Authors: Ting Ching‐Jung , Schonfeld Paul 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAmong dispatching control approaches, the holding option has attracted the most attention in bus control. However, holding a vehicle at a transfer station may exacerbate the delays because more passengers might accumulate at downstream stations and may also affect other connecting routes at other transfer stations. Our problem is to minimize the total costs of dispatching ready vehicles at each transfer station along coordinated routes in a multi‐hub transit network. The total costs include the waiting cost for on‐board passengers, the missed connection costs for late arrival passengers at the subject transfer station and possible transfer costs at downstream transfer stations. We develop a heuristic algorithm to optimize the holding times based on real time information about late vehicles. The results show that ready vehicles should be held longer when the arrival variances of late vehicles are small or when many late connecting passengers are expected.
Factors contributing to the severity of intersection crashes
Authors: Tay Richard , Rifaat Shakil Mohammad 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRoad crashes are a leading cause of death and serious injuries both developed and developing countries. Intersections are recognized as being among the most hazardous locations on the roads. Although crashes at intersections form about 35 % of the reported accidents account for about 32% of traffic‐related serious injuries and fatalities in Singapore, there is no known study that examines the factors contributing to the severity of these crashes. In this study, the ordinal probit model was applied to crash data from 1992 to 2002 to investigate the role a variety of factors play in determining the severity of intersection crashes. Our study shows that vehicle type, road type, collision type, driver's characteristics and time of day are important determinants of the severity of crashes at intersections in Singapore.
Evaluation of driver satisfaction of travel information on variable message signs using fuzzy aggregation
Authors: Lee Dongmin , Lee Chungwon , Pietrucha Martin T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDriver satisfaction regarding travel information provided by variable message signs (VMS), which are part of the Nam‐Mountain Tunnel ATIS, was evaluated using fuzzy aggregation. Application of fuzzy aggregation to analyze driver satisfaction allows one to represent the variability and complexity of human perception with great fidelity. A fuzzy weighted average using two sets of fuzzy membership functions was applied to evaluate individual satisfactions of delay and travel time information provided. Then, those individual satisfactions were aggregated to estimate the driver group's overall satisfaction. The evaluated overall satisfaction was 0.65 for delay information and 0.63 for travel time information. Through these results, it was found that users of the travel information provided by the VMS in the Nam‐Mountain Tunnel ATIS were somewhat satisfied with the service quality. Those overall satisfactions were compared with a conventional weighted average and traffic operational effects to demonstrate the usefulness of the developed fuzzy method.
Public perceptions of the use of dynamic message signs
Authors: Tay Richard , de Barros Alexandre G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIntelligent transportation systems have been promoted as a means to improve both the efficiency and safety of the road network. The effectiveness of advanced technologies in improving road safety has been an area of research which has thus far yielded mixed results. In order to ensure that advanced technologies deliver on their intended outcomes, more research has to be devoted to understanding road users' perceptions and reactions to these systems. This study examines drivers' perceptions of the use of dynamic message signs and their self‐reported reactions to the messages displayed. In general, drivers support the use of highway electronic boards for traffic incident reports and weather information which have an impact on traffic delays and level of service. They also think that it is a good idea to display road safety messages and to remind drivers to drive safely and be courteous on the roads. Moreover, most drivers reported that they do read and think about the messages displayed and react positively to some of the road safety messages.
A methodology on the automatic recognition of poor lane keeping
Authors: Gunay Banihan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDriving disorder, such as having difficulty in staying in the lane, abrupt lane changes and driving on the shoulder are typical consequences of many dangerous driving circumstances, and can be grouped under the heading of “lateral discipline of driving”. Recognition of these situations is largely observational and spotted/examined by police at high costs. The work provides a theoretical description of an automatic detection system to recognise irregular lateral vehicle movements resulted by various forms of dangerous driving. It is based on establishing certain threshold values for normal driving (lateral) patterns and by checking given traffic instances against these criteria. The system described is thought to offer substantial time and money savings to the responsible authorities, after having applied and validated the system in practice as part of ongoing research.
Robust control of traffic networks under uncertain conditions
Authors: Hoogendoorn S. P. , Knoop V. L. , van Zuylen H. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractUncertainty of traffic network operations has been a subject of lively debate in the last decade. However, little effort has been put in developing control frameworks that are not only aimed at improving the average performance of the system, but also at improving the system robustness and reliability. In fact, it can be argued that most of the current control approaches are only aimed at improving the efficiency, which can even be counterproductive from a robustness point of view. The main contributions of this article is the proposition of a new control framework based on the notion of controlled Markov processes, which explicitly takes into account the uncertainty in predicted traffic conditions and system performance. Furthermore, in contrast to traditional optimal control approaches, the objective function can include general statistic of the random system performance, such as the mean, standard deviation or 95‐percentile. The contribution aims to make clear how different performance function specifications yield different control strategies. This is shown for a relatively simple case study.
Platooning on two‐lane two‐way highways: An empirical investigation
Authors: Al‐Kaisy Ahmed , Durbin Casey 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an empirical investigation into platooning on two‐lane two‐way highways. The main objective is to better understand this phenomenon that has important implications on traffic performance and safety. Field data from three study sites in the state of Montana were used in this study. Separate investigations were performed to examine the relationships among platoon‐related variables, namely; time headway, travel speed, and platoon size. The study confirmed that interaction between successive vehicles in the traffic stream generally diminishes beyond a time headway threshold value that fell in the range of 5–7 seconds. Also, the study revealed that very short headways (less than one second) are more associated with aggressive driving and higher speeds than with slow‐moving platoons due to lack of passing opportunities. Further, the study found that amount of impedance to traffic is proportional to the size of platoon as evidenced by the relative difference between mean speed of various size platoons and the mean speed of unimpeded vehicles. The study provided other valuable insights into the platooning phenomenon on two‐lane highways that are essential in developing a better understanding of traffic operation on two‐lane highways.
Multiple criteria and fuzzy based evaluation of logistics performance for intermodal transportation
Authors: Hanaoka Shinya , Kunadhamraks Pichet 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a framework to evaluate the logistics performance of intermodal freight transportation. Fuzzy set techniques are applied to assess the logistics performance within the decision process of freight operators. Using a fuzzy‐based approach, fuzzy‐AHP is applied to assess the criteria by different judgment procedures. Consequently, fuzzy‐MCDM is used to assess operators' perception of the logistics performance via proper assignment of numerical scores. The subjective judgments for hierarchical criteria are transformed into fuzzy degrees of score. The methodology provides an alternative approach to facilitate the importance of a set of performance criteria. It can also entail use of improved corresponding parameters to develop a better freight transport system.
A multiobjective model for maximizing fleet availability under the presence of flight and maintenance requirements
Authors: Kozanidis George 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEvery aircraft, military or civilian, must be grounded for maintenance after it has completed a certain number of flight hours since its last maintenance check. In this paper, we address the problem of deciding which available aircraft should fly and for how long, and which grounded aircraft should perform maintenance operations, in a group of aircraft that comprise a combat unit. The objective is to achieve maximum availability of the unit over the planning horizon. We develop a multiobjective optimization model for this problem, and we illustrate its application and solution on a real life instance drawn from the Hellenic Air Force. We also propose two heuristic approaches for solving large scale instances of the problem. We conclude with a discussion that gives insight into the behavior of the model and of the heuristics, based on the analysis of the results obtained.
Macroscopic modeling of lane‐changing for two‐lane traffic flow
Authors: Tang Tie‐Qiao , Wong S. C. , Huang Hai‐Jun , Zhang Peng 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe propose a macroscopic model of lane‐changing that is consistent with car‐following behavior on a two‐lane highway. Using linear stability theory, we find that lane‐changing affects the stable region and the propagation speeds of the first‐order and second‐order waves. In analyzing a small disturbance, our model effectively reproduces certain non‐equilibrium traffic‐flow phenomena—small disturbance instability, stop‐and‐go waves, and local clusters that are affected by lane‐changing. The model also gives the flow‐density relationships in terms of the actual flow rate, the lane‐changing rate, and the difference between the potential flow rate (the flow rate that would have occurred without lane‐changing) and the actual flow rate. The relationships between the actual flow rate and traffic density and between the lane‐changing rate and traffic density follow a reverse‐lambda shape, which is largely consistent with observed traffic phenomena.
Cellular automata model for heterogeneous traffic
Authors: Mallikarjuna Ch. , Rao K. Ramachandra 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCellular Automata (CA) modelling is extended to study the heterogeneous traffic observed in developing countries. In heterogeneous traffic, the physical and mechanical characteristics of different vehicles vary widely which in turn leads to complex traffic behaviour resulting in no‐lane discipline. This nature of the heterogeneous traffic is modelled with the help of an improved discrete CA model. A detailed description of the methodology used in developing the basic structure of the CA model is presented and the modified methodology is used to generate different traffic scenarios. From the results, it is observed that with the help of simple updating rules along with typical heterogeneous traffic characteristics of the region, this model is able to reproduce real traffic behaviour. An added advantage is that the modified structure of the CA model can also be used to extract some basic traffic characteristics which are useful in understanding the heterogeneous traffic behaviour. The simulation model is finally validated using the flow and occupancy relationship obtained from the field.
Multi‐criteria analysis procedure for sustainable mobility evaluation in urban areas
Authors: Campos Vânia Barcellos Gouvêa , Ramos Rui António Rodrigues , de Miranda e Silva Correia Denise 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper proposes a procedure to evaluate sustainable mobility in urban areas. A set of indicators according to three dimensions of sustainability, i.e., environment, economics, and social aspects, are proposed to evaluate mobility in urban areas. The sustainable mobility evaluation is based on an Index calculated through a weighted multi‐criteria combination procedure. A group of specialists in Brazil was involved in the development of the Index by defining the weights for the criteria. An application of the methodology in the city of Belo Horizonte, capital of the State of Minas Gerais, with 2.24 million inhabitants, is presented to validate the methodology.
MEG detection of delayed auditory evoked responses in autism spectrum disorders: towards an imaging biomarker for autism
Authors: Roberts Timothy P.L. , Khan Sarah Y. , Rey Mike , Monroe Justin F. , Cannon Katelyn , Blaskey Lisa , Woldoff Sarah , Qasmieh Saba , Gandal Mike , Schmidt Gwen L. , Zarnow Deborah M. , Levy Susan E. , Edgar J. Christopher 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMotivated by auditory and speech deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), the frequency dependence of superior temporal gyrus (STG) 50 msec (M50) and 100 msec (M100) neuromagnetic auditory evoked field responses in children with ASD and typically developing controls were evaluated. Whole‐cortex magnetoencephalography (MEG) was obtained from 17 typically developing children and 25 children with ASD. Subjects were presented tones with frequencies of 200, 300, 500, and 1,000 Hz, and left and right STG M50 and M100 STG activity was examined. No M50 latency or amplitude Group differences were observed. In the right hemisphere, a Group×Frequency ANOVA on M100 latency produced a main effect for Group (P=0.01), with an average M100 latency delay of 11 msec in children with ASD. In addition, only in the control group was the expected association of earlier M100 latencies in older than younger children observed. Group latency differences remained significant when hierarchical regression analyses partialed out M100 variance associated with age, IQ, and language ability (all P‐values <0.05). Examining the right‐hemisphere 500 Hz condition (where the largest latency differences were observed), a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 81%, and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 86% was obtained at a threshold of 116 msec. The M100 latency delay indicates disruption of encoding simple sensory information. Given similar findings in language impaired and nonlanguage impaired ASD subjects, a right‐hemisphere M100 latency delay appears to be an electrophysiological endophenotype for autism.
Fetal skin fibroblasts: A cell model for studying the retinoid pathway in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Goumy Carole , Coste Karen , Marceau Geoffroy , Gouas Laetitia , Tchirkov Andreï , Vago Philippe , Gallot Denis , Sapin Vincent 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough there is strong evidence that genetic factors play a pathogenic role in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), few causal genes have been identified in humans. A number of studies, essentially in animal models, have suggested that disruption of the retinoid signaling pathway plays a major role in the pathogenesis of CDH. Our hypothesis is that human fetal skin fibroblasts express some metabolic and molecular actors of the retinoid pathway and that they offer convenient cellular material for investigating the molecular retinoid pathway defects associated with CDH.METHODSWe first established the expression of receptors, enzymes and binding proteins involved in the retinoic acid (RA) pathway in non‐CDH fetal skin fibroblasts using RT‐PCR and immunocytochemistry approaches. We then studied the expression of these genes in skin fibroblasts from seven fetuses with isolated and nonisolated CDH.RESULTSFetal skin fibroblasts expressed enzymes involved in RA metabolism as well as nuclear receptors for signal transduction. Basal levels of retinoic acid receptor, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2, and CYP26 (cytochrome P450 RAI) expression were altered in two of seven fetuses. Interestingly, these genes were previously described as abnormally expressed in CDH physiopathology.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that human fetal skin fibroblasts could be useful for studying retinoid signaling pathway disruption in the context of CDH. Our proposal is strengthened by the fact that we identified CDH fetuses for which molecular and metabolic actors of the retinoid pathway were not detected. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein–Inorganic Array Construction: Design and Synthesis of the Building Blocks
Authors: Bogdan Niculina D. , Matache Mihaela , Meier Veronika M. , Dobrotă Cristian , Dumitru Ioana , Roiban Gheorghe D. , Funeriu Daniel P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHerein we describe the design and synthesis of the first series of di‐functional ligands for the directed construction of inorganic‐protein frameworks. The synthesized ligands are composed of a metal‐ion binding moiety (terpyridine‐based) conjugated to an epoxysuccinyl peptide, known to covalently bind active cysteine proteases through the active‐site cysteine. We explore and optimize two different conjugation chemistries between the di‐functionalized metal‐ion ligand and the epoxysuccinyl‐containing peptide moiety: peptide‐bond formation (with limited success) and CuI‐catalysed click chemistry (with good results). Further, the complexation of the synthesized ligands with FeII and NiII ions is investigated: the di‐functional ligands are confirmed to behave similarly to the parent terpyridine. As designed, the peptidic moiety does not interfere with the complexation reaction, in spite of the presence of two triazole rings that result from the click reaction. ES‐MS together with NMR and UV/Vis studies establish the structure, the stoichiometry of the complexation reactions, as well as the conditions under which chemically sensitive peptide‐containing polypyridine ligands can undergo the self‐assembly process. These results establish the versatility of our approach and open the way to the synthesis of di‐functional ligands containing more elaborated polypyridine ligands as well as affinity labels for different enzyme families. As such, this paper is the first step towards the construction of robust supramolecular species that cover a size‐regime and organization level previously unexplored.
Remote Monitoring of Patients With Implanted Cardiac Devices
Authors: Kusumoto Fred , Goldschlager Nora 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThree different types of implantable cardiac devices are now commonly used in clinical medicine: pacemakers (including cardiac resynchronization systems), cardiac defibrillators, and loop recorders. Although pacing specialists and electrophysiologists have traditionally been responsible for device follow‐up, the newest generation of implanted devices stores a wealth of information that can be useful to the clinical cardiologist. Important information, in addition to device function, such as incidence and type of arrhythmias, general clinical condition of the patient, and hemodynamic status can now be stored on large databases that are available via web access to all physicians caring for an individual patient. The advent of the remote monitoring capability of implanted devices has initiated a rapidly accelerating paradigm shift in device follow‐up that can potentially improve patient care at lower cost. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term Outcome of Atrial Synchronous Mode Pacing in Patients With Atrioventricular Block Using a Single Lead
Authors: Blich Miry , Suleiman Mahmoud , Shwiri Tawfiq Zeidan , Marai Ibrahim , Boulos Monther , Amikam Shlomo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines suggest the use of atrial synchronous mode (VDD) pacemakers in patients with atrioventricular (AV) block and normal sinus node function. However VDD mode is being used much less than expected. The objectives of our study were to evaluate the efficacy of VDD pacing in long‐term follow‐up and to find risk factors for VDD loss.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated all patients with VDD pacemakers who were implanted in our center between 1995 and 2007.ResultsDuring the study period, 123 consecutive patients with AV block (51% men, age 62 ± 17.8 years) received a VDD pacemaker. Mean follow up duration was 4.5 ± 3.2 years. At the last follow up visit, 21 patients (21.6%) lost their original VDD mode and were programmed to ventricular‐based pacing (VVIR) (undersensing, 11; chronic AF, 7; SND, 3). In 28 patients, VDD mode was restored or maintained by increasing atrial sensitivity. No episodes of atrial oversensing were observed. In multivariate analysis history of paroxysmal AF (p = 0.007, odds ratio 36.6, 95% confidence interval 2.7–493.7) and p wave lower than 1 mv during the follow up (p = 0.021, odds ratio 7, 95% confidence interval 1.3–36.7), were found risk factors to VDD loss.ConclusionsVDD pacing has good long‐term performance. Absence of paroxysmal AF history predicts maintenance of VDD pacing mode. Taking into account that no atrial oversensing was observed, our recommendation is to increase atrial sensitivity when P wave amplitude declines to less than 1 mv. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.