bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A unified approach to simulation and upscaling of single‐phase flow through vuggy carbonates
Authors: Pal Mayur 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYNumerical modeling of flow through vuggy porous media, mainly vuggy carbonates, is a challenging endeavor. Firstly, because the presence of vugs can significantly alter the effective porosity and permeability of the medium. Secondly, because of the co‐existence of porous and free flow regions within the medium and the uncertainties in defining the exact boundary between them. Traditionally, such heterogeneous systems are modeled by the coupled Darcy–Stokes equations. However, numerical modeling of flow through vuggy porous media using coupled Darcy–Stokes equations poses several numerical challenges particularly with respect to specification of correct interface condition between the porous and free‐flow regions. Hence, an alternative method, a more unified approach for modeling flows through vuggy porous media, the Stokes–Brinkman model, is proposed here. It is a single equation model with variable coefficients, which can be used for both porous and free‐flow regions. This also makes the requirement for interface condition redundant. Thus, there is an obvious benefit of using the Stokes–Brinkman equation, which can be reduced to Stokes or Darcy equation by the appropriate choice of parameters. At the same time, the Stokes–Brinkman equation provides a smooth transition between porous and free‐flow region, thereby taking care of the associated uncertainties. A numerical treatment for upscaling Stokes–Brinkman model is presented as an approach to use Stokes–Brinkman model for multi‐phase flow. Numerical upscaling methodology is validated by analyzing the error norm for numerical pressure convergence. Stokes–Brinkman single equation model is tested on a series of realistic data sets, and the results are compared with traditional coupled Darcy–Stokes model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated regional wall motion abnormality detection by combining rest and stress cardiac MRI: Correlation with contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Suinesiaputra Avan , Frangi Alejandro F. , Kaandorp Theodorus A.M. , Lamb Hildo J. , Bax Jeroen J. , Reiber Johan H.C. , Lelieveldt Boudewijn P.F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To correlate an automated regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) detection method based on combined rest and dobutamine‐stress cardiac MRI with the assessment of myocardial infarction from contrast‐enhanced MRI (CE‐MRI), and to demonstrate that adding stress data improves the detection of scar segments compared with rest data alone.Materials and Methods:An automated RWMA detection method was built based on a statistical model of normokinetic myocardium from 41 healthy volunteers. The method was adapted to detect changes in RWMA from rest to stress. Twelve patients with myocardial infarction were included in the experiment. The correlation with CE‐MRI was performed on two measurements: infarct transmurality and scar detection.Results:Compared with infarct transmurality, the probability of normokinetic motion decreased progressively as infarct transmurality increased. These probability values were 0.59 for non‐scar segments, for <25% transmurality was 0.4 (SE = 0.04), for 25–50% was 0.33 (SE = 0.03), for 50–75% was 0.21 (SE = 0.03) and for ≥75% was 0.10 (SE = 0.03). For scar tissue detection, adding stress data significantly improved the performance (P < 0.001, confidence interval = 99.9%). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy increased by 34%, 30%, and 32%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.63 when rest‐only data was used, but it was improved to 0.87 when stress data was added.Conclusion:The presented automated RWMA assessment was capable of detecting wall motion improvements from rest to stress. The method correlated well with infarct transmurality from CE‐MRI. Detection of scar regions was more accurate when rest and stress data were combined compared with rest data alone. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
World War II contrails: a case study of aviation‐induced cloudiness
Authors: Ryan A. C. , MacKenzie A. R. , Watkins S. , Timmis R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDense and persistent condensation trails or contrails were produced by daytime US Army Air Force (USAAF) bombing raids, flown from England to Europe during World War II (WW2). These raids occurred in years when civilian air travel was rare, giving a predominantly contrail‐free background sky, in a period when there were more meteorological observations taken across England than at any time before or since. The aircraft involved in the raids entered formation at contrail‐forming altitudes (generally over 16 000 ft, approximately 5 km) over a relatively small part of southeast England before flying on to their target. This formation strategy provides us a unique opportunity to carry out multiple observation‐based comparisons of adjacent, same day, well‐defined overflown and non‐over‐flown regions.We compile evidence from archived meteorological data, such as Met Office daily weather reports and individual station meteorological registers, together with historical aviation information from USAAF and Royal Air Force (RAF) tactical mission reports. We highlight a number of potential dates for study and demonstrate, for one of these days, a marked difference in the amount of high cloud cover, and a statistically significant (0.8 °C) difference in the 07:00–13:00 UTC temperature range when comparing data from highly overflown stations to those upwind of the flight path on the same day. Although one event cannot provide firm conclusions regarding the effect of contrails on climate, this study demonstrates that the wealth of observational data associated with WW2 bombing missions allows detailed investigation of meteorological perturbations because of aviation‐induced cloudiness. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Comparison of SERS effectiveness of copper substrates prepared by different methods: what are the values of enhancement factors?
Authors: Dendisová‐Vyškovská Marcela , Prokopec Vadym , Člupek Martin , Matějka Pavel 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is an analytical method for the detection of low amounts of analytes adsorbed on an appropriate coinage metal (Au, Ag, Cu) surface. Generally, the values of the enhancement factor are the highest on silver, lower on gold and relatively very low on copper. In this study, we have focused on the estimation of the enhancement factors of copper surface/substrates formed by different preparation procedures. The SERS activity of large electrochemically prepared substrates and colloidal systems is compared. The surface morphology of the large substrates was studied using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The size distribution of colloidal nanoparticles was monitored by dynamic light scattering. The values of enhancement factor are in both cases more than 105 for the FT‐SERS spectra, demonstrating the fundamental role of nanostructured copper as a substrate material at the excitation wavelength (1064 nm) used. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intra‐lesional interleukin‐2 for the treatment of in‐transit melanoma
Authors: Boyd Kirsty U. , Wehrli Bret M. , Temple Claire L.F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the role of intra‐lesional interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) injection for treatment of in‐transit melanoma metastases.MethodsConsecutive patients with in‐transit metastases were treated with intra‐lesional IL‐2 injections. Two independent observers evaluated response to treatment using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. A blinded pathologist confirmed clinical response with post‐treatment biopsies.ResultsThirty‐nine patients were included. Patients received biweekly IL‐2 injections. At each treatment session, a mean of 2.08 ml (5 µ/ml) of IL‐2 were distributed amongst a mean of 12 (range 1–57) in‐transit lesions. Patients were followed for an average of 30.4 months (range 2.2–66.6 months).The overall patient response rate was 82%. A complete response was obtained in 20 patients (51%), a partial response in 12 (31%), and no response in seven (18%). Of the 629 in‐transit metastases, 479 (76%) completely resolved. Complete responders had a significant in transit‐free (P = 0.0005) and an overall (P = 0.012) survival advantage compared with partial responders.ConclusionsThe treatment of in‐transit metastatic melanoma with intra‐lesional IL‐2 resulted in a 76% percent clearance of lesions. Complete response is associated with superior in transit‐free and overall survival when compared with partial response. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:711–717. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes of elderly patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Klaver Yvonne L.B. , Chua Terence C. , de Hingh Ignace H.J.T. , Morris David L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe combined treatment of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and perioperative chemotherapy (PIC) for colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a rigorous surgical treatment most suited for fit and young patients. With technical maturity and improved perioperative care, we examined the outcomes of elderly patients undergoing CRS and PIC for colorectal PC.MethodsAll consecutive patients treated in two tertiary centers for PC of colorectal cancer who were 70 years of age or older at the time of surgery were included. Data on patient characteristics, concomitant diseases, operation details, perioperative course, and follow‐up were retrieved from medical charts. Primary outcomes were perioperative morbidity and mortality. Secondary outcomes were disease‐free and overall survival.ResultsTwenty‐four patients (11 male) were included in this study (mean age 73.5 years). In eight patients major complications occurred. In six patients the postoperative course was complicated by minor adverse events. There was no perioperative mortality. Median overall survival was 35 months with a 6, 12, and 18 months survival rate of 94%, 83%, and 68%, respectively.ConclusionsCRS and PIC for colorectal PC may be safely performed with acceptable morbidity in selected elderly patients. When considering patients for surgery, performance status, and the disease extent should be used as eligibility criteria rather than age. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:113–118. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatic sample preparation of sulfonamide antibiotic residues in chicken breast muscle by using dynamic microwave‐assisted extraction coupled with solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Wang Hui , Xu Yang , Song Weitao , Zhao Qi , Zhang Xiaopan , Zeng Qinglei , Chen Haiyan , Ding Lan , Ren Nanqi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn the work, a rapid, simple and high‐throughput sample preparation method was developed for the determination of sulfonamide (SA) antibiotic residues in chicken breast muscle. The extraction and clean‐up were online combined and up to 20 samples can be treated simultaneously in 6 min. The SAs were first extracted with acetonitrile under the action of microwave energy, and then the extract was directly introduced into the SPE column for on‐line clean‐up and concentration. Subsequently, the SAs eluted from the SPE column were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The precisions of extraction results of 20 samples were in the range of 4.9–7.4%. The limits of detection and quantification obtained were in the range of 2.4–3.6 ng/g and 8.6–11.3 ng/g for SAs, respectively. The recoveries of SAs obtained by analyzing chicken muscles at three fortified levels (10, 50 and 500 ng/g) were in the range of 82.6–93.2%. The results of the validation process prove that the proposed method is suitable for treating numbers of complex samples simultaneously in a short time.
Incidence of revision adenoidectomy in children
Authors: Grindle Christopher R. , Murray Ryan C. , Chennupati Sri K. , Barth Patrick C. , Reilly James S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:Adenoidectomy is a frequently performed procedure in the pediatric population. Revision rates and indications for a second procedure in children are scarce.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:Patient records at a multistate pediatric healthcare system were searched for all CPT codes that included adenoidectomy in children less than 12 years of age for a 5‐year period (2005–2010). A subset of patients was identified for whom the same CPT codes appeared more than once in this 5‐year period. The indication, age, gender, adenoid size, and technique of adenoidectomy were recorded.Results:A total of 23,612 occurrences of the CPT codes were identified. The subset of patients with multiple CPT codes, indicating revision adenoidectomy, included 304 records (1.3%). Mean age at first procedure was 2.8 years (SD = 1.7 years). Mean age at second procedure was 4.7 years (SD = 1.99 years). Mean interval between procedures was 1.8 years (SD = 1.1 years).Conclusions:Revision adenoidectomy occurs at a rate of 1.3%. Reasons for revision include persistence symptoms ranging from adenoiditis to recurrent otitis to obstructive sleep apnea.
Transoral robotic surgery and adjuvant therapy for oropharyngeal carcinomas and the influence of p16INK4aon treatment outcomes
Authors: Quon Harry , Cohen Marc A. , Montone Kathleen T. , Ziober Amy F. , Wang Li Ping , Weinstein Gregory S. , O'Malley Bert W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the prognostic influence of p16INK4aimmunohistochemistry on the survival of resectable oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPSCC).Study Design:Retrospective pathologic evaluation of a prospective single‐arm cohort study at a tertiary referral center.Methods:There were 48 patients with resectable OPSCC who consented for transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and banked tissue specimen for assessment. TORS was with or without adjuvant radiation or chemoradiation. Main outcome measures were p16INK4astatus, human papillomavirus status, local‐regional disease control, and overall, disease‐specific, and disease‐free survival.Results:p16INK4aand HPV positivity were identified in 73% and 74% of patients respectively. With a median follow‐up of 38.8 months (2.5–63.3 months), only one local‐regional relapse has occurred in both the p16INK4a‐positive and p16INK4a‐negative cohorts. No disease‐specific, disease‐free, and overall survival differences were observed between p16INK4a‐positive and p16INK4a‐negative patients (P= .446,P= .277,P= .643, respectively).Conclusions:p16INK4awas not prognostic in resectable OPSCC when treated with an initial TORS approach. Laryngoscope, 2013
A new class of numerical sequences and its applications to uniform convergence of sine series
Authors: Szal Bogdan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn the present paper we introduce a new class of sequences called GM(β, r), which is a generalization of the class considered by Tikhonov in 13. Moreover, we obtain sufficient and necessary conditions for uniform convergence of sine series with (β, r)‐general monotone coefficients.
Multi‐Criteria Ratios: What is the Unit?
Authors: Wedley William C. , Choo Eng Ung 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTWhen Analytic Hierarchy Process ratios are normalized to sum to unity, the unit of measure becomes obscure. This paper investigates this obscurity and whether ratio measurement is possible when there is no prior knowledge of the measurement unit. Initially, we look at ratio scales of tangible attributes of objects with well‐known measures. Then, ratio scales of unknown intangible attributes of objects are analysed. We discover that natural zero and a specific unit of measure are not necessarily used explicitly in deriving ratio scale measures. Nevertheless, the derived scale does have a derived unit of measurement. We conclude that although composite multi‐criteria answers are possible in ratio form, it is important to know that a unit of measure exists if ambiguities are to be avoided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robustness Consideration in Multi‐Criteria Decision Making to an Aircraft Selection Problem
Authors: Sun Xiaoqian , Gollnick Volker , Stumpf Eike 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIn aircraft concept selection, uncertainties, resulting from economic noise variables such as fuel price, load factor, so on always exist in the decision making process. These uncertainties are often addressed using Taguchi loss functions for robustness analysis. The study presented in this paper is to utilize multi‐criteria decision making (MCDM) methods to solve an aircraft concept selection problem for a hypothetical airline when considering the robustness of the decision. Three MCDM methods were used to conduct the concept selection, including ELimination and Choice Expressing REality, simple additive weighting and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution. In this study, robustness is introduced as an additional decision criterion in the aircraft selection process. The impact with and without robustness consideration is compared in order to demonstrate how the proposed method makes trade‐offs between nominal performance and address uncertainty in the decision‐making process. In addition, sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the influence of the decision criteria, especially robustness, on the final ranking of alternatives. The implementation of three MCDM methods on the aircraft selection problem also demonstrates the potential application of MCDM methods in the assessment of air transportation systems, while balancing economical, ecological, and technical constraints. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triple‐band CPW‐FED L‐shaped monopole antenna with small ground plane
Authors: Chung Kwok L. , Chaimool Sarawuth 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article presents a CPW‐fed planar monopole antenna with a small ground‐plane size. The monopole antenna is a triple‐band design and is meant for mobile handsets with WiFi and WiMAX features. The planar structure comprises an L‐shaped monopole backed by a stub‐loaded open‐loop resonator. The proposed antenna features three bandwidths of 2.25–2.62 GHz, 3.25–4.97 GHz, and 5.2–6.30 GHz, which yielded the maximum gain of around 1 to 2 dBi. Reduction effects of ground‐plane on antenna's performance rectified by the parameters of open‐loop resonator are also investigated. The overall dimensions are 46 (W) × 34 (L) × 0.8 (d) mm3. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2274–2277, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26240
Laboratory on sea urchin fertilization
Authors: Vacquier Victor D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSince about 1880, the eggs and sperm of sea urchins have been used for the study of fertilization, the metabolic activation of development and gene regulatory mechanisms governing embryogenesis. Sea urchin gametes are a favorite material for observations of the process of fertilization in advanced high school, community college, and university biology laboratory courses. This article is a laboratory handout, designed for the student to follow in learning about fertilization. In addition to observations of sperm–egg interaction, simple experiments are described that demonstrate some mechanisms involved in the process. The hope is that by making simple observations of fertilization, the student will gain an appreciation for the fact that successive generations of higher organisms are bridged by the fusion of egg and sperm, two very different single cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:553–564, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PGC‐1α protects neurons and alters disease progression in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model
Authors: Liang Huiyun , Ward Walter F. , Jang Youngmok C. , Bhattacharya Arunabh , Bokov Alex F. , Li Yan , Jernigan Amanda , Richardson Arlan , Van Remmen Holly 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease. We sought to determine whether peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α) would have a beneficial effect on this disease. Methods: PGC‐1α transgenic mice were crossed with SOD1 mutant G93A DL mice. Results: We observed a moderate but non‐significant increase in average lifespan in PGC‐1α/G93A DL mice, as compared with G93A DL mice (292 ± 3 days vs. 274 ± 7 days). Although the onset of ALS was not altered, progression of the disease was significantly slower (∽34% increase in duration) in the PGC‐1α/G93A DL mice. These mice also exhibited markedly improved performance on the rotarod test, and the improved motor activity was associated with a decreased loss of motor neurons and less degeneration of neuromuscular junctions. Conclusion: A sustained level of excitatory amino acid transporter protein 2 (EAAT2) in astrocytes of the PGC‐1α/G93A DL mice may contribute to neuronal protection. Muscle Nerve 2011
Evidence for cell density affecting C2C12 myogenesis: possible regulation of myogenesis by cell–cell communication
Authors: Tanaka Kanako , Sato Kaori , Yoshida Tomomi , Fukuda Toshio , Hanamura Kenji , Kojima Nobuhiko , Shirao Tomoaki , Yanagawa Takashi , Watanabe Hideomi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Community effect is a phenomenon caused by cell–cell communication during myogenesis. In myogenic C2C12 cells in vitro, the confluent phase is needed for myogenesis induction. Methods: To examine the cell‐density effect, growth kinetics and myogenic differentiation were investigated in cells plated at four different cell densities. Results: We found that expression of a myogenic differentiation marker was high in a density‐dependent manner. At high density, where cell–cell contact was obvious, contact inhibition after the proliferation stage was accompanied by microarray findings demonstrating upregulation of negative regulating cell‐cycle markers, including CDKI p21 and the muscle differentiation markers MyoD and myogenin. Interestingly, developmentally regulated protein expression (drebrin) protein expression was also upregulated in a density‐dependent manner. Conclusions: These results suggest that contact inhibition after the proliferation stage may induce growth arrest via cell–cell communication through the expression of CDKI p21 and may be responsible for progressing cell fusion. Muscle Nerve 2011