bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in freshwater fish from Taihu Lake, China: Their levels and the factors that influence biomagnification
Authors: Yu Ying-Xin , Zhang Shao-Huan , Huang Ning-Bao , Li Jun-Ling , Pang Yu-Ping , Zhang Xin-Yu , Yu Zhi-Qiang , Xu Zhi-Guang 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), two types of persistent organic pollutants that have been used widely, can be released into the environment and accumulate in organisms. To obtain a better understanding of the biomagnification of PBDEs and PCBs in fish, as well as the influences on biomagnification by fish size and physical properties of PBDEs and PCBs, a total of 200 samples of 24 fish species were collected and analyzed from Taihu Lake, the second largest freshwater lake in China. The concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs ranged from 8.59 to 74.28 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and from 10.30 to 165.20 ng/g lw, respectively. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were used to estimate the PBDE and PCB biomagnification potentials. The TMF values of PBDEs and PCBs ranged from 0.78 to 2.95 and from 0.92 to 2.60, respectively. Most of the TMFs were greater than 1, indicating that these contaminants were biomagnified in food chains. Fish size might influence the biomagnification evaluation, because different sized fish had different lipid content, leading to different lipid-based concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs. Parabolic relationships were observed between the TMFs and logKOW, as well as between the TMFs and the molecular volumes of PBDE and PCB congeners. The congeners with logKOW values of approximately 7 or molecular volumes of approximately 8 × 10−5 nm3 had the greatest biomagnification potentials. Compared to molecular weight, molecular volume seems to be the better standard for analyzing the influence of molecular size on biomagnification. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:542–549. © 2011 SETAC
Effects of tributyltin exposure in hermit crabs: Clibanarius vittatus as a model
Authors: Sant'Anna Bruno Sampaio , dos Santos Dayana Moscardi , de Marchi Mary Rosa Rodrigues , Zara Fernando José , Turra Alexander 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) contamination affects the reproductive system of many species of invertebrates worldwide. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of exposure to TBT pollution on the reproduction of the hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus. An orthogonal experiment was designed with two treatments: contamination (with or without TBT in the food) and crab sex (males and females). The animals were reared in the laboratory for nine months, and macroscopic and histological analyses of reproductive organs were carried out after the end of the experiment. Tributyltin was recorded in exposed crabs, but no morphological alterations were detected in the gonads of males, regardless of whether they were exposed to TBT. In contrast, females exposed to TBT displayed disorganization and atrophy of their ovaries, thus directly affecting reproduction in this hermit crab species. This effect observed in female hermit crabs may harm populations located in harbor regions, where TBT concentration is high, even after the worldwide TBT ban. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:632–638. © 2011 SETAC
Modeling flame temperature profile on a fire‐engulfed cylindrical tube
Authors: Najafi Arash , Moghaddam Abdolsamad Zarringhalam 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article, experimental measurements of flame temperature profile on a cylindrical tube circumference engulfed in a small‐scale pool fire were carried out. Three models were presented for flame temperature distribution with analytical and numerical based methods. The first model that is based on correlation showed the best agreements with experimental data, and other two models had almost acceptable predictions. The results revealed that the analytical and mathematical based model is more general than correlation methods and may be used to predict flame temperature and have wider‐range application usage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bubble collapse in compressible fluids using a spectral element marker particle method. Part 1. Newtonian fluids
Authors: Lind S. J. , Phillips T.N. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with the development of a high‐order numerical scheme for the modelling of two‐phase Newtonian flows. The companion paper, herein referred to as Part 2, extends the scheme to two‐phase viscoelastic flows. The particular problem of the collapse of a two‐dimensional bubble in the vicinity of a rigid boundary is considered. The governing equations are discretized using the spectral element method, and the two phases are modelled using a marker particle method. The marker particle scheme is validated using the Zalesak slotted disk rotation test problem. A comprehensive set of results is presented for the problem of bubble collapse near a rigid wall, and qualitative agreement is obtained with other numerical studies and experimental observations. Viscous effects are shown to inhibit bubble collapse and prevent jet formation and are therefore likely to have a mitigating effect on cavitation damage.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entropy dissipation scheme and minimums‐increase‐and‐maximums‐decrease slope limiter
Authors: Hongxia Li 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we continue to study the entropy dissipation scheme developed in former. We start with a numerical study of the scheme without the entropy dissipation term on the linear advection equation, which shows that the scheme is stable and numerical dissipation and numerical dispersion free for smooth solutions. However, the numerical results for discontinuous solutions show nonlinear instabilities near jump discontinuities. This is because the scheme enforces two related conservation properties in the computation. With this study, we design a so‐called ‘minimums‐increase‐and‐maximums‐decrease’ slope limiter in the reconstruction step of the scheme and delete the entropy dissipation in the linear fields and reduce the entropy dissipation terms in the nonlinear fields. Numerical experiments show improvements of the designed scheme compared with the results presented in former. However, the minimums‐increase‐and‐maximums‐decrease limiter is still not perfect yet, and better slope limiters are still sought. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical investigation of the flow over a pair of identical square cylinders in a tandem arrangement
Authors: Sohankar A. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYThis paper describes a numerical study of the two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional unsteady flow over two square cylinders arranged in an in‐line configuration for Reynolds numbers from 40 to 1000 and a gap spacing of 4D, where D is the cross‐sectional dimension of the cylinders. The effect of the cylinder spacing, in the range G = 0.3D to 12D, was also studied for selected Reynolds numbers, that is, Re = 130, 150 and 500. An incompressible finite volume code with a collocated grid arrangement was employed to carry out the flow simulations. Instantaneous and time‐averaged and spanwise‐averaged vorticity, pressure, and streamlines are computed and compared for different Reynolds numbers and gap spacings. The time averaged global quantities such as the Strouhal number, the mean and the RMS values of the drag force, the base suction pressure, the lift force and the pressure coefficient are also calculated and compared with the results of a single cylinder. Three major regimes are distinguished according to the normalized gap spacing between cylinders, that is, the single slender‐body regime (G < 0.5), the reattach regime (G < 4) and co‐shedding or binary vortex regime (G ≥4).Hysteresis with different vortex patterns is observed in a certain range of the gap spacings and also for the onset of the vortex shedding. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of acceptance of offered care management intervention services in a quality improvement trial for dementia
Authors: Kaisey Marwa , Mittman Brian , Pearson Marjorie , Connor Karen I. , Chodosh Joshua , Vassar Stefanie D. , Nguyen France T. , Vickrey Barbara G. 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveCare management approaches have been proven to improve outcomes for patients with dementia and their family caregivers (dyads). However, acceptance of services in these programs is incomplete, impacting effectiveness. Acceptance may be related to dyad as well as healthcare system characteristics, but knowledge about factors associated with program acceptance is lacking. This study investigates patient, caregiver, and healthcare system characteristics associated with acceptance of offered care management services.MethodsThis study analyzed data from the intervention arm of a cluster randomized controlled trial of a comprehensive dementia care management intervention. There were 408 patient–caregiver dyads enrolled in the study, of which 238 dyads were randomized to the intervention. Caregiver, patient, and health system factors associated with participation in offered care management services were assessed through bivariate and multivariate regression analyses.ResultsOut of the 238 dyads, 9 were ineligible for this analysis, leaving data of 229 dyads in this sample. Of these, 185 dyads accepted offered care management services, and 44 dyads did not. Multivariate analyses showed that higher likelihood of acceptance of care management services was uniquely associated with cohabitation of caregiver and patient (p < 0.001), lesser severity of dementia (p = 0.03), and higher patient comorbidity (p = 0.03); it also varied across healthcare organization sites.ConclusionsUnderstanding factors that influence care management participation could result in increased adoption of successful programs to improve quality of care. Using these factors to revise both program design as well as program promotion may also benefit external validity of future quality improvement research trials. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing Software Quality Using the Markov Decision Processes
Authors: Korkmaz Omer , Akman Ibrahim , Ostrovska Sofiya 
Published: December 2011

AbstractQuality of software is one of the most critical concerns in software system development, and many products fail to meet the quality objectives when constructed initially. Software quality is highly affected by the development process's actual dynamics. This article proposes the use of the Markov decision process (MDP) for the assessment of software quality because MDP is a useful technique to abstract the model of dynamics of the development process and to test its impact on quality. Additionally, the MDP modeling of the dynamics leads to early prediction of the quality, from the design phases all the way through the different stages of development. The proposed approach is based on the stochastic nature of the software development process, including project architecture, construction strategy of Software Quality Assurance system, its qualification actions, and team assignment strategy. It accepts these factors as inputs, generating a relative quality degree as an output. The proposed approach has been demonstrated for the design phase with a case study taken from the literature. The results prove its robustness and capability to identify appropriate policies in terms of quality, cost, and time. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endoscopic ultrasonography in gastric lymphomas: appraisal on reliability in long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Vetro Calogero , Romano Alessandra , Chiarenza Annalisa , Conticello Concetta , Donnarumma Daniela , Gorgone Ausilia , Coppolino Francesco , Palumbo Giuseppe Alberto , Bonanno Giacomo , Di Raimondo Francesco 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe reliability of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in follow‐up management of gastric lymphomas has not been clearly validated. We conducted a retrospective analysis on 23 patients, 12 affected by mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, eight by diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, and three by high‐grade lymphoma with low‐grade component, all treated with a stomach‐conservative approach. One hundred and twenty matched evaluations with both EUS and endoscopy with biopsy (E‐Bx) were performed, according to validated guidelines and clinical judgment. At a median follow‐up of 87 months ranged between 9.5 and 166 months, the analysis of progression‐free survival and disease‐free survival showed a strict relationship between the persistence of EUS abnormalities and the clinical outcome in patients with MALT lymphoma (p = 0.0079; p = 0.02) but not in patients with high‐grade lymphoma. In conclusion, EUS evaluation does not seem reliable in follow‐up management of high‐grade lymphomas, although it could have a great clinical impact in the management of MALT lymphoma. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of community colleges in educating women in science and engineering
Authors: Jackson Dimitra Lynette , Laanan Frankie Santos 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis chapter discusses the role of community colleges in educating the next generation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Implications for policy and practice are offered, based on the major findings from a mixed‐method study on the experiences of women in STEM who transferred to a four‐year college from the community college system.
New tools for examining undergraduate students' STEM stereotypes: Implications for women and other underrepresented groups
Authors: Nassar‐McMillan Sylvia C. , Wyer Mary , Oliver‐Hoyo Maria , Schneider Jennifer 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe authors describe the scale development process for three new scales designed to measure attitudes and perceptions about scientists and offer implications for how these tools can be used on college campuses and for future research.
Value of TENS for relief of chronic low back pain with or without radicular pain
Authors: Buchmuller A. , Navez M. , Milletre‐Bernardin M. , Pouplin S. , Presles E. , Lantéri‐Minet M. , Tardy B. , Laurent B. , Camdessanché J.P. ,   Lombotens Trial Group
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS) in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP).MethodsDesign: Prospective, randomized, multicentre, single‐blind study. Setting: Twenty‐one French pain centres. Participants: Two hundred thirty‐six consecutive adult patients consulting for chronic LBP, with or without radicular pain (mean age ± standard deviation: 53 ± 13 years; range: 28–86 years). Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either active (n = 117) or sham (n = 119) TENS in four 1‐h daily treatment sessions for 3 months. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome measured was improvement of functional status at 6 weeks (Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire). Secondary outcome measures were improvement of functional status at 3 months, pain relief (weekly visual analogue scale assessments), positive functional repercussions of pain levels on quality of life, a diminution of the use of analgesic and anti‐inflammatory medication, satisfaction with the overall treatment strategy and compliance.ResultsFunctional status did not differ between the groups, whether at 6 weeks or 3 months (p = 0.351 at 6 weeks). A significant improvement between the first and last visual analogue scale assessments was observed in patients with either lumbar pain alone or lumbar and radicular pain treated with active TENS. Other outcome measures did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionThere was no functional benefit of TENS in the treatment of patients with chronic LBP.
Tetracalcium phosphate composite containing quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate with antibacterial properties
Authors: Cheng Lei , Weir Michael D. , Limkangwalmongkol Penwadee , Hack Gary D. , Xu Hockin H. K. , Chen Qianming , Zhou Xuedong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTooth caries is a carbohydrate‐modified bacterial infectious disease, and recurrent caries is a frequent reason for restoration failure. The objective of this study was to develop a novel antibacterial composite using tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) fillers and bis(2‐methacryloyloxy‐ethyl) dimethyl‐ammonium bromide, which is a quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM). QADM was synthesized using 2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and 2‐bromoethyl methacrylate and incorporated into a resin. The resin was filled with 40% TTCP and 30% glass particles. The following QADM mass fractions in the composite were tested: 0%, 6%, 12%, and 18%. Streptococcus mutans biofilms were formed on the composites and the colony‐forming units (CFUs), metabolic activity, and lactic acid production were measured. The TTCP‐QADM composite had flexural strength and elastic modulus similar to those of two commercial composites (p > 0.1). Increasing the QADM content in TTCP composite greatly decreased the bacteria growth and biofilm matrix production. There were significantly more dead bacteria with increasing QADM content. TTCP composite containing 18% QADM had biofilm CFU, metabolic activity, and acid production about half of those without QADM. Inversely linear relationships were established between QADM mass fraction and S. mutans biofilm CFU, metabolic activity, and acid production, with correlation coefficients R2 ≥ 0.98. In conclusion, TTCP‐QADM composites were developed and the effect of QADM mass fraction on the antibacterial properties of the composite was determined for the first time. The novel TTCP‐QADM composites possessing a strong antibacterial capability, together with calcium phosphate ion release and good mechanical properties, are promising for dental restorations to reduce biofilm growth and recurrent caries. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Promotion of angiogenesis by sustained release of rhGM‐CSF from heparinized collagen/chitosan scaffolds
Authors: Sun Huafeng , Wang Xingang , Hu Xinlei , Yu Weijie , You Chuangang , Hu Hang , Han Chunmao 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA novel dermal substitute of combining recombinant human granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (rhGM‐CSF) with a porous heparinized collagen/chitosan scaffolds was developed, considering the inadequate angiogenesis during repair of full‐thickness skin defects. The physicochemical properties of heparinized collagen/chitosan scaffolds were examined and in vitro release pattern of rhGM‐CSF from scaffolds was measured by ELISA. Four groups of composite scaffolds (heparinized or unheparinized scaffolds loaded with or without rhGM‐CSF) were fabricated for subcutaneous implantation in young adult male Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats. Tissue specimens were harvested at different time points after implantation for histopathological, immunohistochemical observation, and Western blotting analysis. The heparinized scaffolds (H1E) showed slower biodegradation and sustained release of rhGM‐CSF in vitro, although no significantly different release pattern was observed between the H1E and unheparinized scaffolds (H0E). In vivo investigation revealed that the heparinized scaffolds loaded with rhGM‐CSF (H1E/rhGM‐CSF) had the best cellular adhesion and migration, new vessel formation, and highest expression of VEGF and TGF‐β1, indicating promoted angiogenesis. This study demonstrated that composite dermal substitute of combining rhGM‐CSF with a porous heparinized collagen/chitosan scaffolds could be a potential therapeutic agent for full‐thickness skin defects because of its sustained delivery of rhGM‐CSF. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
M&A today: Great challenges, but great opportunities
Authors: Schmid Alexandra S. , Sánchez Carol M. , Goldberg Stephen R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe volatility in today's financial markets creates great challenges. But it also creates great opportunities for mergers and acquisitions (M&As). In uncertain times, there is a need to play it safe. But for some, it is also the ideal time to seize opportunities to make great deals.As companies find distinctive strategies to navigate in these turbulent times, many continue to use a twofold strategy: cut costs and stimulate growth through diversification, which includes M&Amp;As.So despite the recession, it looks like global M&A activity increased in 2010 and 2011. The authors take a close look at global M&A activity in 2010 and the first half of 2011 (the latest period for which they have solid data). They also examine US M&A activity with regard to private equity. And they discuss key best practices to successfully manage M&A integration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shareholder activism targets M&As
Authors: Burnett Royce D. , Xu Li , Morris Marc , Rodriguez Ramon P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractShareholders aren't passive observers anymore—and increasingly they have been rallying to defeat corporate mergers and acquisitions (M&As) that they don't like. So what strategies can management use to plan and govern in the face of today's growing shareholder activism? © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
M&A in greater China: An update
Authors: Tang Roger Y. W. , Metwalli Ali M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this article, the authors have analyzed the merger‐and‐acquisition (M&A) activities in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan from 2000 to 2010. M&A activities in Greater China expanded steadily from 2005 to 2010. However, most of the increases occurred in Mainland China and Hong Kong. Taiwan's M&A activities from 2006 to 2010 have remained sluggish. The authors do expect M&A to continue to expand in China. However, the Chinese government has issued some important new regulations that foreign investors should understand‐and the authors briefly discuss those new regulations as well. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The recession: Using M&A to preserve and enhance capital
Authors: Pandian J. Rajendran , Woodlock Pete 
Published: December 2011

AbstractToday's merger‐and‐acquisition (Mx&A) activities include a renewed focus on limiting economic risk and preserving capital. That makes sense, given the current uncertainties in the credit markets and the historically high volatilities in the equity market. Of course, a company can eliminate the economic risks of M&As by abandoning all M&A efforts. But that also eliminates a company's ability to take advantage of current economic conditions‐where some equity prices are now undervalued by 30 percent or more.The authors of this article argue for a more reasonable approach: rethink your M&A risks and take steps to reduce those risks both before and after an acquisition. And they suggest some strategies that will help. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integration: The critical M&A success factor
Authors: Venema William H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMost mergers and acquisitions (M&As) fail to meet the expectations of the purchasers. It is clear that the due diligence, valuation analysis, and negotiation that precede the closing of a transaction cannot guarantee its success. Instead, the synergies and assumptions that supported the decision to acquire a target business will be realized only if the purchaser effectively integrates the target. Unfortunately, many purchasers either fail to plan the integration of the target adequately or conduct the integration process too slowly.The author of this article explains how to draw up a good integration plan that will boost the chances of M&A success. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.