bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct cytokine and regulatory T cell profile at pleural sites of dual HIV/tuberculosis infection compared to that in the systemic circulation
Authors: Toossi Z , Hirsch C S , Wu M , Mayanja-Kizza H , Baseke J , Thiel B 
Published: February 2011

Summary
Pleural tuberculosis (TB) remains a common presentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection in HIV/TB dually infected subjects, and both cellular and acellular components of the pleural milieu promote HIV-1 replication; however, they remain uncharacterized. Using cytokine array of pleural fluid and real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and immunophenotype analysis, pleural fluid mononuclear cells (PFMC) were compared to systemic counterparts [i.e. plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)]. Significant increases in pleural fluid cytokines compared to plasma were limited to interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-γ and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and did not include other T helper type 1 (Th1) (IL-2, IL-15), Th2 or Th17 cytokines. Patterns and levels of cytokines were indistinguishable between pleural fluid from HIV/TB and TB patients. Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) mRNA in PFMC was increased significantly and correlated highly with levels of IL-6 and IL-8, less with TGF-β, and not with IFN-γ. Among CD4 T cells, FoxP3-reactive CD25hi were increased in HIV/TB dually infected subjects compared to their PBMC, and up to 15% of FoxP3+ CD25hi CD4 T cells were positive for IL-8 by intracellular staining. These data implicate a dominant effect of MTB infection (compared to HIV-1) at pleural sites of dual HIV/TB infection on the local infectious milieu, that include IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ and TGF-β and regulatory T cells (Treg). A correlation in expansion of Treg with proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in pleural fluid was shown. Treg themselves may promote the inflammatory cytokine milieu through IL-8.
Raised tryptase without anaphylaxis or mastocytosis: heterophilic antibody interference in the serum tryptase assay
Authors: Sargur R , Cowley D , Murng S , Wild G , Green K , Shrimpton A , Egner W 
Published: February 2011

Summary
Mast cell tryptase (MCT) is a key diagnostic test for mastocytosis and anaphylaxis. High serum tryptase levels are also one of the risk factors for adverse reaction in venom immunotherapy, yet occasional patients are seen with raised levels in the absence of either diagnosis. False positive results can be due to assay interference by heterophilic antibodies such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA). We therefore investigated heterophilic antibody interference by rheumatoid factor activity and HAMA as a cause of raised MCT results in the Phadia tryptase assay. Serum samples from 83 patients were assayed for MCT and rheumatoid factor before and after the use of heterophilic antibody blocking tubes (HBT). Samples with more than 17% reduction in MCT with detectable RF were then assayed for HAMA. Fourteen (17%) of the 83 samples with positive RF showed a &gt;17% decrease in mast cell tryptase after HBT blocking. Post-HBT, eight of 14 (57%) reverted from elevated to normal range values with falls of up to 98%. RF levels were also decreased significantly (up to 75%). Only one of the 83 tested was apparently affected by HAMA in the absence of detectable IgM RF. In conclusion, any suspicious MCT result should be checked for heterophilic antibodies to evaluate possible interference. False positive MCT levels can be caused by rheumatoid factor. We suggest a strategy for identifying assay interference, and show that it is essential to incorporate this caveat into guidance for interpretation of MCT results.
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus: the experiences of more than 25 years
Authors: Hütter G , Zaia J A 
Published: February 2011

SummaryFor treatment of several malignancies, transplantation of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cells (HSCT) derived from bone marrow or peripheral blood has been used as a therapeutic procedure for decades. In the past, HSCT has been suggested as a treatment option for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but these attempts were mostly unsuccessful. Today, after the introduction of an active anti-retroviral therapy, the lifetime expectancy of HIV-infected patients has improved substantially, but nevertheless the incidence rate of malignancies in these patients has increased considerably. Therefore, it can be assumed that there will be a rising necessity for HIV-1-infected patients with malignancies for allogeneic HSCT. At the same time, there is increasing interest in treatment methods which might target the HIV-1 reservoir more effectively, and the question has been raised as to whether allogeneic HSCT could be linked to such strategies. In this paper the data of more than 25 years experience with allogeneic HSCT in patients with HIV-1 are reviewed and analysed.
Initial therapy with either thyroid lobectomy or total thyroidectomy without radioactive iodine remnant ablation is associated with very low rates of structural disease recurrence in properly selected patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Vaisman F. , Shaha A. , Fish S. , Michael Tuttle R. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryObjective  To describe the risk of structural disease recurrence in a cohort of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer selected for treatment with either thyroid lobectomy or total thyroidectomy without radioactive iodine remnant ablation (RRA).Design  Retrospective review.Patients  A total of 289 patients were selected for either thyroid lobectomy (n = 72) or total thyroidectomy (n = 217) without RRA and followed with modern disease detection tools in a tertiary referral centre. Most patients had papillary thyroid cancer (89%) without clinically evident lymph node metastases (91%). However, 55% (156/289) of patients had primary tumours that were >1 cm and 10% (28/289) had minor extrathyroidal extension.Measurements  The primary endpoint was detection of recurrent/persistent structural disease.Results  After a 5‐year median follow‐up, structural disease recurrence was detected in 2·3% (5/217) of patients treated with total thyroidectomy without RRA, and in 4·2% (3/72) of patients treated with thyroid lobectomy. Size of the primary tumour, the presence of cervical lymph node metastases and American Thyroid Association risk category were all statistically significant predictors of recurrence. Changes in serum thyroglobulin were not helpful in identifying the presence of persistent/recurrent structural disease. Importantly, 88% (7/8) of the patients that had recurrent disease were rendered clinically disease free with additional therapies.Conclusions  Initial risk stratification is able to identify a cohort of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with a very low risk of structural disease recurrence following treatment with either thyroid lobectomy or total thyroidectomy without RRA. Our data strongly support a selective approach to the initial management of thyroid cancer.
GrazeIn: a model of herbage intake and milk production for grazing dairy cows. 2. Prediction of intake under rotational and continuously stocked grazing management
Authors: Delagarde R. , Faverdin P. , Baratte C. , Peyraud J.L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDecision support tools to help dairy farmers gain confidence in grazing management need to be able to predict performance of grazing animals with easy‐to‐obtain variables on farm. This paper, the second of a series of three, describes the GrazeIn model predicting herbage intake for grazing dairy cows. The model of voluntary intake described in the first paper is adapted to grazing situations taking account of sward characteristics and grazing management, which can potentially affect intake compared to indoor feeding. Rotational and continuously stocked grazing systems are considered separately. Specific effects of grazing management on intake were quantified from an extensive literature review, including the effect of daily herbage allowance and pre‐grazing herbage mass in rotational grazing systems, sward surface height in continuously stocked grazing systems, and daily time at pasture in both grazing systems. The model, based on iterative procedures, estimates many interactions between cows, supplements, sward characteristics and grazing management. The sensitivity of the prediction of herbage intake to sward and management characteristics, as well as the robustness of the simulations and an external validation of the GrazeIn model with an independent data set, is presented in a third paper.
Efficacy of a 2‐dose regimen of a sustained release ceftiofur suspension in horses withStreptococcus equisubsp. zooepidemicusbronchopneumonia
Authors: McCLURE S. , SIBERT G. , HALLBERG J. , BADE D. 
Published: February 2011

McClure, S., Sibert, G., Hallberg, J, Bade, D. Efficacy of a 2‐dose regimen of a sustained release ceftiofur suspension in horses withStreptococcus equisubsp. zooepidemicusbronchopneumonia.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 442–447.The efficacy and safety of sustained release ceftiofur administered twice, 4 days apart, for treatment of horses with naturally acquiredStreptococcus equisubsp.zooepidemicus(Strep. zoo.) pneumonia was evaluated in a multicenter, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded, randomized clinical trial. The study included 373 horses (278 treated and 95 placebos) with naturally acquired pneumonia. Inclusion in the statistical analyses for treatment efficacy forStrep. zoo.required recovery of ≥104 CFU/mL ofStrep. zoo.on the primary isolation plate which resulted in 201 cases (145 treated and 56 placebos) with confirmedStrep. zoo.pneumonia evaluable for treatment success. Therapeutic success was defined by clinical improvement of lower respiratory tract infection at 4 and 9 days after initial dosing, resolution of clinical signs by 15 days, and no recurrence by 25 days. Of the 278 treated horses, 239 (85.9%) completed the 25 day study without additional therapy compared to 50 of the 95 (53.6%) placebo horses. In confirmedStrep. zoo.cases, a clinical cure was achieved in 66.9% of 145 treated horses compared to 32.1% of 56 placebo horses (P = 0.0286). Two doses of sustained release ceftiofur suspension were effective and safe in the treatment of naturally acquired lower respiratory tract infection associated withStrep. zoo.in horses under field use conditions.
Serum phosphate and outcome at one year after deceased donor renal transplantation
Authors: Stevens K.K. , Morgan I.R. , Patel R.K. , Geddes C.C. , Mark P.B. , Jardine A.G. , Delles C. 
Published: February 2011

Stevens KK, Morgan IR, Patel RK, Geddes CC, Mark PB, Jardine AG, Delles C. Serum phosphate and outcome at one year after deceased donor renal transplantation.  Clin Transplant 2011: 25: E199–E204. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Traditional risk factors do not adequately explain the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease in renal patients. This study considered a “non‐traditional” risk factor, serum phosphate and outcome in renal transplant recipients. Data from 377 patients who received a first deceased donor renal transplant between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2008, were recorded; 10% (n=38) had diabetes, 16.7% (n=63) were smokers, and 18.8% (n=71) had a history of vascular disease. Three hundred and thirty‐three patients were alive at the time of the analysis. Survivors were significantly younger, less likely to be smokers or diabetic, and had a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate at one yr post‐transplantation. Serum phosphate was significantly lower in these patients (0.95±0.23 vs. 1.04±0.26, p=0.031). Analysis of recipient survival, stratified by serum phosphate at one yr post‐transplant, revealed that serum phosphate >1.11 mMol/L was a significant predictor of all‐cause mortality (p=0.006). Serum phosphate between 0.9 and 1.11 mMol/L afforded the best outcome. In multivariate analysis, serum phosphate remained a significant predictor of mortality (p=0.016). Serum phosphate at one yr after transplant seems to have a J‐shaped relationship with mortality, and this effect is independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Extended criteria donors in liver transplant candidates with hepatorenal syndrome
Authors: Briceño Javier , Ciria Ruben , de la Mata Manuel , Montero José Luis , Rufián Sebastián , López‐Cillero Pedro 
Published: February 2011

Briceño J, Ciria R, de la Mata M, Montero JL, Rufián S, López‐Cillero P. Extended criteria donors in liver transplant candidates with hepatorenal syndrome. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: E257–E263. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a complication of cirrhosis with a poor prognosis without transplantation. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of extended criteria donors (ECD) on the postoperative outcome of recipients with HRS. The last 498 patients were divided according to pre‐transplant type 1 or 2 HRS. Sixty‐six (13.25%) recipients fulfilled HRS criteria. Three‐month graft survival was 84% with at‐listing recipient serum creatinine ranging from 0–0.8 mg/dL; 80% with s‐creatinine = 0.9–1.5 mg/dL; 79% with s‐creatinine = 1.6–2.5 mg/dL; and 58% with s‐creatinine >2.6 mg/dL (log‐rank = 18.039; p = 0.001). Recipients with HRS presented higher levels of pre‐transplant creatinine and lower levels of sodium, more episodes of hemodialysis and ascitis, and higher model of end‐stage liver disease‐scores. Three‐month graft survival in recipients with HRS relative to ECD‐variables showed differences in univariate analysis according to graft steatosis (85% in absent steatosis = 0–10%; 78% in mild steatosis = 10–30%; 76% in moderate steatosis = 30–60%; and 49% when severe steatosis >60%; log‐rank = 5.146; p = 0.023). Cox‐proportional‐hazard‐model revealed that graft macrosteatosis per‐30%‐increments (p = 0.000; HR = 1.303 [1.24–1.33] per‐30%‐increment) and donors >65 yr (p = 0.089; HR = 1.622 [1.17–1.94]) were independent predictors of graft loss in recipients with HRS. In conclusion, the use of ECD in recipients with cirrhosis and HRS is a good option. However, grafts from moderate‐to‐severe steatosis and those from aged donors must be carefully allocated in candidates with HRS.
Does facilitating pollinator learning impede deceptive orchid attractiveness? A multi‐approach test of avoidance learning
Authors: Juillet N. , Salzmann C. C. , Scopece G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIt has often been proposed that nectarless deceptive orchid species exploit naïve pollinators in search of food before they learn to avoid their flowers, and that intraspecific floral trait polymorphism, often noted in this plant group, could prolong the time needed for learning, thus increasing orchid reproductive success. We tested the importance of avoidance learning in a European deceptive orchid, Anacamptis morio, which has been reported to have a highly variable fragrance bouquet among individuals. We used an indirect approach, i.e. we facilitated pollinators’ ability to learn to avoid A. morio by adding anisaldehyde to selected inflorescences, a scent compound that is easily perceived by the natural pollinators and produced in large quantities by the closely related, nectar producing Anacamptis coriophora, a species that shares pollinator species with A. morio. In a series of three experiments (in artificial arrays, in natural populations and in bumblebee behavioural observations), we consistently found no difference either of reproductive success of or visitation rates to scent‐added versus control inflorescences. We also found that the decrease of reproductive success over time in artificial populations of this deceptive species was not as important as expected. Together, these data suggest that pollinators do not fully learn to avoid deceptive inflorescences, and that pollinator avoidance behaviour alone may explain the lower reproductive success usually found in deceptive orchids. We discuss the possible explanations for this pattern in deceptive orchids, particularly in relation to pollinator cognition and learning abilities. Lastly, in light of our results, the potential for higher average reproductive success in deceptive orchids with high phenotypic variability driven by avoidance learning thus appears to be challenged.
Over‐expression of gsh1 in the cytosol affects the photosynthetic apparatus and improves the performance of transgenic poplars on heavy metal‐contaminated soil
Authors: Ivanova L. A. , Ronzhina D. A. , Ivanov L. A. , Stroukova L. V. , Peuke A. D. , Rennenberg H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRecent studies of transgenic poplars over‐expressing the genes gsh1 and gsh2 encoding γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ‐ECS) and glutathione synthetase, respectively, provided detailed information on regulation of GSH synthesis, enzymes activities and mRNA expression. In this experiment, we studied quantitative parameters of leaves, assimilating tissues, cells and chloroplasts, mesophyll resistance for CO2 diffusion, chlorophyll and carbohydrate content in wild‐type poplar and transgenic plants over‐expressing gsh1 in the cytosol after 3 years of growth in relatively clean (control) or heavy metal‐contaminated soil in the field. Over‐expression of gsh1 in the cytosol led to a twofold increase of intrafoliar GSH concentration and influenced the photosynthetic apparatus at different levels of organisation, i.e., leaves, photosynthetic cells and chloroplasts. At the control site, transgenic poplars had a twofold smaller total leaf area per plant and a 1.6‐fold leaf area per leaf compared to wild‐type controls. Annual aboveground biomass gain was reduced by 50% in the transgenic plants. The reduction of leaf area of the transformants was accompanied by a significant decline in total cell number per leaf, indicating suppression of cell division. Over‐expression of γ‐ECS in the cytosol also caused changes in mesophyll structure, i.e., a 20% decrease in cell and chloroplast number per leaf area, but also an enhanced volume share of chloroplasts and intercellular airspaces in the leaves. Transgenic and wild poplars did not exhibit differences in chlorophyll and carotenoid content of leaves, but transformants had 1.3‐fold fewer soluble carbohydrates. Cultivation on contaminated soil caused a reduction of palisade cell volume and chloroplast number, both per cell and leaf area, in wild‐type plants but not in transformants. Biomass accumulation of wild‐type poplars decreased in contaminated soil by more than 30‐fold, whereas transformants showed a twofold decrease compared to the control site. Thus, poplars over‐expressing γ‐ECS in the cytosol were more tolerant to heavy metal stress under field conditions than wild‐type plants according to the parameters analysed. Correlation analysis revealed strong dependence of cell number per leaf area unit, chloroplast parameters and mesophyll resistance with the GSH level in poplar leaves.
Evaluation of the RPi‐ber late blight resistance gene for tuber resistance in the field and laboratory
Authors: Mayton Hilary , Rauscher Gilda , Simko Ivan , Fry William E. 
Published: February 2011

With 4 figures and 1 table AbstractThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the efficacy in tubers of a late blight resistance gene, RPi‐ber, originating from Solanum berthaultii. Experiments were conducted in the field and laboratory. Inoculation of tubers in field trials occurred via sporangia produced on infections in the foliage. Laboratory trials were conducted by inoculating whole tubers and tuber slices with sporangia of Phytophthora infestans. In all trials, those progeny with RPi‐ber were essentially immune to strains of P. infestans that were incompatible with RPi‐ber in the foliage. However, even when tested against strains of P. infestans that were compatible with RPi‐ber in the foliage, there was still a resistance effect at the RPi‐ber region.
Stability of tissue PO2in the face of altered perfusion: a phenomenon specific to the renal cortex and independent of resting renal oxygen consumption
Authors: Evans Roger G , Goddard Duncan , Eppel Gabriela A , O’Connor Paul M 
Published: February 2011

Summary1. Oxygen tension (PO2) in renal cortical tissue can remain relatively constant when renal blood flow changes in the physiological range, even when changes in renal oxygen delivery (DO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) are mismatched. In the current study, we examined whether this also occurs in the renal medulla and skeletal muscle, or if it is an unusual property of the renal cortex. We also examined the potential for dysfunction of the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon to contribute to kidney hypoxia in disease states associated with increased renal VO2.2. In both the kidney and hindlimb of pentobarbitone anaesthetized rabbits, whole organ blood flow was reduced by intra‐arterial infusion of angiotensin‐II and increased by acetylcholine infusion. In the kidney, this was carried out before and during renal arterial infusion of the mitochondrial uncoupler, 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP), or its vehicle.3. Angiotensin‐II reduced renal (−34%) and hindlimb (−25%) DO2, whereas acetylcholine increased renal (+38%) and hindlimb (+66%) DO2. However, neither renal nor hindlimb VO2were altered. Tissue PO2varied with local perfusion in the renal medulla and biceps femoris, but not the renal cortex. DNP increased renal VO2(+38%) and reduced cortical tissue PO2(−44%), but both still remained stable during subsequent infusion of angiotensin‐II and acetylcholine.4. We conclude that maintenance of tissue PO2in the face of mismatched changes in local perfusion and VO2is an unusual property of the renal cortex. The underlying mechanisms remain unknown, but our current findings suggest they are not compromised when resting renal VO2is increased.
Sphincter of Oddi manometry by choledochoscope in patients with duodenobiliary reflux
Authors: Sun Shaolong , Wu Shuodong , Cui Dongxu , Liu Baolin , Dai Xianwei , Xu Weina , Yu Shupeng 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Previous research has confirmed that duodenobiliary reflux exists in patients with choledocholithiasis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the motor activity of the sphincter of Oddi (SO) has an effect on duodenobiliary reflux.Methods:  A total of 51 patients orally ingested 1 mL water containing technetium‐99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetatic acid, and a 2‐h bile collection was obtained from the T tube. Technetium counts in the collected bile were performed using an RM905 radioactivity meter. The patients were divided into two groups: reflux group (duodenobiliary reflux positive) and control group (duodenobiliary reflux negative). Next, 33 cases were randomly selected and double blinded to receive SO manometry by choledochoscope.Results:  Of the 51 total cases, 16 bile samples exhibited radioactivity. The average SO basal pressure and contraction pressure values were 7.2 ± 3.9 mmHg and 53.5 ± 24.5 mmHg, respectively, in the reflux group, and 14.7 ± 11.0 mmHg and 117.2 ± 65.6 mmHg, respectively, in the control group. The choledochus pressure values were 5.1 ± 1.6 mmHg and 11.5 ± 7.4 mmHg in the reflux group and the control group, respectively. The differences between the groups were statistically significant; however, the SO contraction frequency, SO contraction duration, and duodenum pressure values were not significantly different between the groups.Conclusion:  The decreases in the SO basal pressure and SO contraction pressure, and the decrease in choledochus pressure, might play a role in duodenobiliary reflux.