bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Sufficient Statistic for Con‐invariant Test Problems
Authors: Schindler Werner 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this paper we will construct a sufficient statistic for test problems on G × G × … × G where G is a compact connected Lie group and every admissible hypothesis fulfills a particular symmetry condition. An explicit formula for this sufficient statistic will be derived for G = SO(n) which is the case of most practical interest.
Operators and Dynamical Systems on Weighted Function Spaces
Authors: Singh R. K. , Manhas J. S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLet X be a completely regular Hausdorff space, let V be a system of weights on X and let E be a locally convex Hausdorff space. Let CV0(X, E) and CVb(X, E) be the weighted locally convex spaces of vector‐valued continuous functions with a topology generated by seminorms which are weighted analogue of the supremum norm. In the present paper, we characterize multiplication operators and weighted composition operators on the spaces CV0(X, E) and CVb(X, E) induced by scalar‐valued and vector‐valued mappings. A (linear) dynamical system on these weighted spaces is obtained as an application of the theory of multiplication operators.
On an Approximate Solution of the Dirichlet Problem for the Generalized Laplacian
Authors: Tarkhanov Nikolai N. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFor an arbitrary differential operatorPof orderpon an open setX⊂Rn, the Laplacian is defined by Δ =P*P. It is an elliptic differential operator of order2pprovided the symbol mapping ofPis injective. LetObe a relatively compact domain inXwith smooth boundary, andBj(j= 0…,p— 1) be a Dirichlet system of orderp− 1 on ∂O. By {Cj} we denote the Dirichlet system on ∂Oadjoint for {Bj} with respect to the Green formula forP.The Hardy spaceH2(O) is defined to consist of all the solutionsfof Δf= 0 inOof finite order of growth near the boundary such that the weak boundary values of the expression {Bjf} and {Cj(Pf)} belong to the Lebesgue spaceL2(∂O). Then the Dirichlet problem consists of finding a solutionfϵH2(O) with prescribed data {Bjf} on ∂O.We develop the classical Fischer‐Riesz equations method to derive a solvability condition of the Dirichlet problem as well as an approximate formula for solutions.
On the Stokes and Navier‐Stokes System for Domains with Noncompact Boundary in Lq‐spaces
Authors: Farwig Reinhard , Sohr Hermann 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe consider the Lq‐theory of weak solutions of the Stokes and Navier‐Stokes equations in two classes of unbounded domains with noncompact boundary, namely in perturbed half spaces which are obtained by a perturbation of the half space IRn, and in aperture domains consisting of two disjoint half spaces separated by a wall but connected by a hole (aperture) through this wall. The proofs rest on the cut‐off procedure and a new multiplier approach to the half space problem. In an aperture domain we additionally prescribe either the flux through the wall or the pressure drop at infinity to single out a unique solution. The nonlinear problem is solved for sufficiently small data and requires q =n/2, n ≥ 3, to estimate the nonlinearity.
Time Reversal for Gap Diffusions with Nonlocal Boundary Conditions
Authors: Weber Matthias 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe consider the infinitesimal generator of the time reversal of a time‐homogeneous one‐dimensional gap diffusion with state space [0, 1] given by the infinitesimal generator Ao = dDs+ ‐ dk / dm with nonlocal boundary conditions of Feller‐Wentzell‐type. This leads to an infinitesimal generator which belongs to a class of generators introduced in the earlier note [W1].
Dynamical Behavior of Two‐Soliton Solution Exhibited by Perturbed Sine‐Gordon Equation
Authors: Cheng Chongqing 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe use perturbation methods based on inverse scattering transform to study the dynamical behavior of the kink‐antikink solitons exhibited by a driven‐damped sine‐Gordon equation with infinite boundary condition. It is shown that such solitons may be forced by damping and external forces to remain in a finite region instead of approaching infinity.
On the Indefinite Trigonometric Moment Problem of I. S. Iohvidov and M. G. Kreîn
Authors: Constantinescu Tiberiu , Gheondea Aurelian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn indefinite trigonometric moment problem is solved using the one‐step completion and the geometry involved in extending factorizations in Kreîn spaces. In addition, a description of all the solutions is obtained as well as a simple characterization of the case when there exists exactly one solution of the problem.
3,3′‐diindolylmethane suppresses 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate‐induced inflammation and tumor promotion in mouse skin via the downregulation of inflammatory mediators
Authors: Kim Eun Ji , Park Heesook , Kim Jongdai , Park Jung Han Yoon 
Published: June 2010

Abstract3,3′‐Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a major acid‐condensation product of indole‐3‐carbinol and is present in cruciferous vegetables. In this study, we evaluated the effects of DIM on antiinflammatory and antitumor promotion activity in mouse skin and explored the relevant mechanisms. When 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) was applied topically to the mouse ear to induce inflammation, DIM pretreatment effectively inhibited TPA‐induced ear edema formation. To evaluate the mechanisms underlying DIM's antiinflammatory effects, DIM was topically treated to the shaved backs of mice 30 min before TPA treatment. DIM inhibited the TPA‐induced increases in the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand (CXCL) 5, and interleukin (IL)‐6 in mouse skin. DIM also inhibited nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB)'s DNA binding activity, the nuclear translocation of p65, and the degradation of inhibitor of κB (IκB) α in TPA‐stimulated mouse skin. Furthermore, DIM reduced TPA‐induced increases in the activity of extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK)‐1/2 and IκB kinase (IKK). When mouse skin papillomas were initiated via the topical application of 7,12‐dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA) and promoted with repeated topical applications of TPA, repeated topical applications of DIM prior to each TPA treatment significantly suppressed the incidence and multiplicity of the papillomas. DIM also reduced the expression of COX‐2 and iNOS, ERK phosphorylation, and the nuclear translocation of p65 in papillomas. Collectively, these results show that DIM exerts antiinflammatory and chemopreventive effects in mouse skin via the downregulation of COX‐2, iNOS, CXCL5, and IL‐6 expression, which may be mediated by reductions in NF‐κB activation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a decision procedure for forecasting maximum wind gusts associated with thunderstorms
Authors: Bartha I 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWeather warnings are of great importance for the protection of life and property. The Storm Warning Observatory at Lake Balaton was founded with the aim of providing holidaymakers with warnings 1‐2 hours ahead of expected wind gusts exceeding 12 or 17 ms−1. As a result of successive investigations an objective decision procedure has been developed which combines methods based on conventional data with the use of radar data. This procedure can be executed interactively on a computer. The permanence of wind hazards was investigated during frontal and convective weather situations using radar data and synoptic observations. The resulting distribution functions of empirical probability for the permanence of wind hazards associated with cumulonimbus can be used for the further optimisation of the decision method.
An assessment of environmental data for a computerised ship weather routeing system
Authors: Motte R , Calvert S , Wojdylak H , Fazal R , Epshteyn M 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIf the weather patterns that exist during an ocean crossing are known at the outset of a voyage the process of ascertaining an ‘optimal route’ would be precise and certain. The basis of advice to ship‐masters is the optimal route (related to a stated objective function of time, fuel or total cost); this is calculated for the weather predicted at the outset of a voyage and is updated as the ocean crossing proceeds. The hypothesis is that the accuracy of the optimal route calculated at the outset will be inversely proportional to the length of the voyage, as weather prognoses similarly deteriorate with time. This hypothesis is tested by analysing environmental data typically used in the routeing process. A brief description of the ORION automated system is given, with the implications that the attendant environmental data have for the optimal routeing algorithm. Data sources so used are listed, including the extended data (that in excess of ten days). A verification study of these data is described with comparisons of some of the products used, together with a brief analysis of the observed errors and accuracies, in order to indicate confidence levels in the routes provided. An example of a simple verification of moving average data is shown. A routeing study is included in order to illustrate the merit of using medium‐range forecast data and longer‐range extended data in the models.
Economic impact of weather forecasts for forest fires
Authors: Sol Bernard 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn order to help in fighting forest fires, South‐cast Météo‐France has, for the past 20 years, been issuing forecasts for small zones about 900 km2 in size. These zones have been defined by taking into account relief, vegetation and micro‐climate. The main beneficiary of this, assistance is the Civil Security Force. This article describes the meteorological assistance that is given and the way this has developed, and makes an attempt to measure the economic impact of this assistance. It is relatively easy to estimate the direct costs of supplying the forecast services, the costs of the fire prevention implemented as a consequence of these forecasts, and the cost of fire fighting and replanting. Savings made to the prevention system and the area of forest due to the forecasts arc more difficult to evaluate. Nevertheless, estimates of these amounts are given.
The use of marketing principles to maximise economic benefits of weather
Authors: Ballentine V. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn understanding of the market place and business practice is essential to those providing meteorological information in order to maximise economic benefit to the customer. Case studies using information from companies in the Water Market Sector show that benefits gained are both qualitative and quantitative and that cost/benefit ratios in excess of 1:30 can be obtained by the Retail and Manufacturing Market Sector when provided with services that are tailored to meet their requirements. This increase in benefit is shown to be directly attributable not only to the application of marketing principles by weather‐service providers, and research and new technology, but also to educating the market place in the services and products that can be provided and how to use the information in their decision‐making process.
An investigation of possible systematic wind‐direction changes associated with sudden increases in wind speed
Authors: Brettle M J 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThere is a widespread belief among yachtsmen that, during a surface gust the wind veers in the northern hemisphere and backs in the southern hemisphere. Various studies have been directed at finding out if this is in fact true. These studies have all produced null results. In this article the theoretical background is examined and a gust definition appropriate to a yachtsman is defined. Watts (1992) has defined conditions most likely to produce veering in gusts. Therefore, data have been collected in these conditions, and the gust definition used to attempt to verify the yachtsman's belief. However, as with the previous studies, the result is still that there is no significant effect.
Numerical simulations of shading effect and road‐surface state
Authors: Shao J , Lister P J , Fairmaner W D 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn winter road maintenance, accurate predictions of road‐surface temperature and state (dry, wet, frost or ice) are valuable information for road authorities and organisations that decide where and when to salt or grit the road. The obstruction caused by bids, buildings and trees near the forecast site in daytime (the shading effect) largely reduces the accuracy of such predictions in daytime. This paper describes recent developments of the Icebreak Model and gives encouraging results of validation in surface temperature and state predictions of the model.
Use of satellite imagery to diagnose events leading to frontal thunderstorms: Part I of a case study
Authors: Browning K A , Roberts N M 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a case study to illustrate the value of water vapour and other satellite imagery, when used in conjunction with a conceptual model, to help the forecaster identify deficiencies in numerical model forecast guidance and to diagnose what is happening on the mesoscale. The specific application discussed is the triggering of frontal thunderstorms by the pattern of overrunning and ascent associated with an upper‐level vortex in the vicinity of a trailing cold front.
The October‐1987 floods in Catalonia: Synoptic and mesoscale mechanisms
Authors: Ramis Clemente , Llasat Maria C. , Genovés Ana , Jansà Agustín 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA heavy rainfall event which produced floods in Catalonia (Spain) during October 1987 is presented. Convection was located over the same area for several days, producing up to 431 mm of rain (67% of the mean annual rainfall). The synoptic‐scale pattern and forcing are studied using objective techniques, while mesoscale features are investigated with satellite imagery and subjective surface analysis. Strong quasi‐geostrophic forcing for vertical motion was diagnosed at low levels white only a weak forcing was evident at 500 hPa. Convective and latent instability characterized the region during the period of heavy rainfall. Also, there was strong low‐level moisture convergence combined with high ‐values of precipitable water over the north‐west Mediterranean Sea. Composite charts delineating the area covered by the indicated synoptic factors seem to be an effective tool for identifying the area where mesoscale focusing mechanisms became effective. Sub‐synoptic analyses show that the main focusing mechanism was a quasi‐stationary convergence line, located near the coast of Catalonia. This lay between the south‐eastern warm and humid flow, caused by a weak low centred north of the Algerian coast, and the cold outflow from a mesohigh located in Catalonia and mainly originated by the orographic blocking of the Pyrenees.
The performance of a C‐Band weather radar during a line convection event
Authors: Shepherd G W , Searson J , Pallot A , Collier C G 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper reports on a storm event which, due to its extreme nature, produced severe attenuation and local anomalous propagation of the weather radar beam. The effect of this phenomenon on the perceived precipitation is reported, together with the synoptic situation.
Guidelines issued by the Royal Meteorological Society
Authors: Britter Rex , Collier Chris , Griffiths Richard , Mason Paul , Thomson David , Timmis Roger , Underwood Brian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThese guidelines were prepared for the Royal Meteorological Society by a working group with the following membership: Dr Rex Britter (Cambridge University), Prof. Chris Collier (Meteorological Office), Prof. Richard Griffiths (UMIST), Dr Paul Mason (Meteorological Office), Dr David Thomson (Meteorological Office), Dr Roger Timmis (Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution) and Dr Brian Underwood (AEA Technology Consultancy Services). The Chairman of the working group was Prof. Griffiths. The guidelines are published in collaboration with the Department of the Environment.
Association of sferics with a dry intrusion in Meteosat imagery
Authors: Roberts N M 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA sequence of infrared and water vapour images from Meteosat are used in this short article to display some of the features associated with the development of a North Atlantic cyclone. Lightning reports are shown in conjunction with the imagery to reveal a connection between the formation of thunderstorms and a region of dry air seen in the water vapour pictures. These thunderstorms break out on the leading edge of this dry air near the low centre and along the forward edge of the associated trailing cold front.
The use of weather information to understand the annual distribution of asthma attacks in Switzerland: Influence of pollen and temperature
Authors: Frei Th. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Federal Public Health Department in Switzerland has collected asthma data, amongst other epidemiological data, since 1988. According to these data there are two major peaks in asthma attacks each year: one is around May‐June and corresponds to the appearance of grass pollen whereas the other peak is around November and partly corresponds to the invasion of cold air. Also, there are some minor peaks in March‐April that correspond with the appearance of birch pollen and one in December or January that is probably partly induced by seasonal virus infections. It is found that the release and transport of grass and birch pollen are affected by the mean temperatures. Further investigations will be required to show whether meteorological models could be used to make pollen forecasts. This in turn could form the basis of asthma forecasts for medical doctors and hospitals (so that they could organise their resources) and for the public (so that they could control their use of medicine).
The use of sequential satellite images in forecasting road‐surface temperatures
Authors: McLean P J , Wood N L H 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA preliminary study has been made to see if satellite images in real time can aid forecasting of road‐surface temperatures in the county of Devon, UK. Under steady synoptic conditions, linear tracking of large cloud masses produced forecasts of nocturnal minimum road temperatures to within ±0.5 °C of the measured values at widely spaced stations. The study highlights some of the problems facing the operational forecaster.
Withdrawal of the south‐west monsoon over India — A synoptic and climatological study
Authors: Subbaramayya I , Naidu C V 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThough the monsoon is basically a wind phenomenon, the onset and withdrawal of the monsoon over India are determined by the India Meteorological Department on the basis of rainfall alone. However, its onset and withdrawal should also be associated with the seasonal wind changes. It is proposed in this paper that the withdrawal of the monsoon from any locality should be identified with the end of the last westward‐moving rainstorm of the season which is accompanied by the monsoon westerlies. Using this definition, the average withdrawal dates have been determined from the daily synoptic charts as well as from the mean cumulative rainfall curves. It was possible to segregate the north‐east monsoon rains from the south‐west monsoon rains in the present analysis and arrive at the proper dates of withdrawal. There are large differences in the dates of withdrawal arrived at in this study and those conventionally followed by the India Meteorological Department. The differences are mainly over (i) the east coast of the south peninsula, (ii) north‐east India, (iii) north‐west India and (iv) the Sub‐Himalayan region, and are due to the fact that for the conventional dates the rains due to the north‐east monsoon and the western disturbances were not treated adequately. It was found that the period of the summer monsoon varies over India from two months in the north‐west to six months in the extreme south. Hitherto, June to September has been considered as the period of monsoon rains for the whole country.
A new scheme for the initialisation of tropical cyclones in the UK Meteorological Office global model
Authors: Heming J T , Chan J C L , Radford A M 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFor several years the UK Met. Office has initialised tropical cyclones (TCs) in its global model by use of ‘bogus’ observations representing a simple symmetric vortex. Although this has yielded acceptable results, in terms of the verification of TC tracks in the short and medium range, it was felt certain improvements could be made. A new scheme has been developed which addresses two major deficiencies of the old scheme; the representation of the radial structure of winds and the asymmetry of the TC vortex. Preliminary tests of the new scheme resulted in the reduction of three‐day track forecast errors by 52%. Subsequently, a 19‐day trial of the new scheme running in parallel with the old scheme was undertaken. There were 12 active TCs during this period. The improvement in the track forecast verification statistics during the trial was striking. Analysis errors were cut by 65% (to 39 km); 72‐hour forecast errors fell from 528 km to 394 km and 120‐hour errors fell from 818 km to 440 km. The model's skill over a standard climatological/persistence forecast also improved dramatically. The new scheme was introduced operationally on 25 October 1994. Since then, mean forecast errors have been considerably lower than mean statistics from recent years.
Setting verification targets for minimum road temperature forecasts
Authors: Halsey N G J 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRoad temperature forecasts have become increasingly important over recent years with the advent of road temperature sensors. These sensors help both the forecaster and the customer in order to keep our roads in a usable state each winter and also provide a means by which forecasts can be verified and subsequently improved. Several verification measures have been used of which three are examined in this paper. It is demonstrated that potential targets for these measures need to be adjusted accordingly to the frequency of frost at any particular site and more appropriate targets are then suggested. These targets are obtained by the use of standard statistical distributions that are applied to data collected over the past few years from road temperature sensors across the British Isles.
A one‐dimensional interpretation model for detailed short‐range forecasting
Authors: Gollvik Stefan , Olsson Esbjörn 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA one‐dimensional in situ model, to be used for short‐range forecasting, has been developed. It has been designed to describe the evolution of weather in an operational environment. The basic idea is to utilise the dynamical tendencies from a complete three‐dimensional model run, which have been stored at the places where the one‐dimensional model is to be run. Moreover, the initial state of the model is composed from the three‐dimensional model profile, and also from more recent local observations. Also, more local physiographical information is taken into account. It has been shown that this approach can produce extra skill for short‐range forecasts. Low‐level clouds are difficult to predict in both the three‐dimensional model and in this model approach, although some improvements have been achieved.