bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy based sensor using Ag NPs on copper tape flexible substrate
Authors: Mohamed Shameer P , Anand K. Vijai , Columbus Soumya , Alawadhi Hussain , Gaidi Mounir 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work, the authors have investigated the properties of thermally evaporated silver nanoarrays on copper tape (Ag/Cu) as flexible and reusable sensors for organic contaminants. Uniformly deposited silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with well-controlled sizes have formed by thermal evaporation. The deposition time is varied to obtain different morphology of the Ag nanoparticles. The Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) efficiency has been optimized using Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a test molecule. Morphological studies have also been carried out using scanning electron and atomic force microscopes. The Ag NPs on the copper tape-based sensor show a substantial enhancement in the order of 8.3x107 in the SERS signal for a deposition time of 10 s. Furthermore, we observe that as-prepared Ag/Cu tape can detect micro-molar alizarine red S (ARS), which exhibited excellent reproducibility as well. Hence, the flexible copper substrate proves to be a promising material for detecting environmental hazards at a meager cost.
Prospective of biochar material production and process optimization using co-pyrolysis approach-A mini-review
Authors: Dafalla Mohamed , Inayat Abrar , Jamil Farrukh , Ghenai Chaouki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This mini-review explores the perspective of biochar material production using the co-pyrolysis approach, which involves the thermal decomposition of biomass and other carbonaceous materials in the absence of oxygen at low temperatures (300-500°C). The study investigates the co-pyrolysis of biomass with different materials such as plastics, tires, municipal solid waste, and other organic waste to produce a high biochar yield. The review focuses on the benefits of co-pyrolysis, including higher yield and better quality of biochar, as well as reduced environmental impact by using different waste materials as feedstock. The review also highlights co-pyrolysis challenges, such as process optimization, feedstock preparation, and product characterization. The study concludes that co-pyrolysis of biomass with different materials can be a promising approach for producing high-quality biochar with multiple applications. However, more research is needed to optimize the co-pyrolysis process and evaluate the economic feasibility of biochar production using a computation approach.
Characterization of a CZT-based spectrometer for underwater operation via simulations and experiments
Authors: Siltzovalis G. , Lagaki V. , Madesis I. , Mertzimekis T.J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The harsh environmental conditions in the marine environment pose various
constraints on developing efficient instruments to carry out long-term, in situ
radioactivity measurements. In addition, the strong attenuation of γ-rays
in the water medium, makes remote sensing of such radiation a challenging task.
In the present work, we report on the efforts to find the optimal characteristics
and deployment scenarios of a new prototype γ-ray instrument based on a
small-size CZT crystal enclosed in seal-tight housing to be deployed for operation
in large depths. Lab experiments and detailed Monte Carlo simulations were combined
to validate the actual crystal dimensions, determine its efficiency and energy
resolution, as well as establish the minimum detectable activity values of the
instrument in different configurations and scenarios.
Measurements of momentum halo due to the reduced RFQ voltage during the LIPAc beam commissioning
Authors: Hirosawa K. , Bellan L. , Benedetti F. , Carin Y. , Comunian M. , De Franco A. , Dzitko H. , Gex D. , Hasegawa K. , Kondo K. , Kwon S. , Masuda K. , Mizuno A. , Morales Vega J.C. , Moya I. , Podadera I. , Scantamburlo F. , Sugimoto M. ,   and the IFMIF/EVEDA Integrated Project Team
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator, LIPAc, is being
commissioned aiming at validating the RFQ up to 5 MeV
beam acceleration. Eventually, the nominal beam of
5 MeV–125 mA in 1 ms length and
1 Hz rate pulsed mode was achieved in 2019. The beam
operation has been resumed since July 2023 after a long maintenance
including recovery from unexpected problems in the RFQ-RF
system. This new phase aims at the commissioning of the full
configuration except SRF LINAC, which is replaced by a temporary
beam transport line. Focusing on the RFQ behavior, it will be
interesting to operate it at higher duty, especially for longer
pulses. Furthermore, a beam simulation study suggested that the beam
extracted from the RFQ includes considerable momentum halo when the
vane voltage reduces by more than 5 %, with a slight decrease of
the mean energy. It can be a potential source of a quench like the
mismatched beam in the cryomodule. This could be studied by
measuring the energy from the Time-of-Flight among multiple BPMs
while monitoring beam loss around the dipole, where momentum halo
should be lost. During the beam commissioning phase, we studied them
by scanning the RFQ voltage.
PocketWATCH: design and operation of a multi-use test bed for water Cherenkov detector components in pure and gadolinium loaded water
Authors: Thiesse M. , Wilson S.T. , Fannon J. , Malek M. , McElwee J. , Scarff A. , Thompson L.F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The PocketWATCH facility is a unique multi-purpose test bed
designed to replicate the conditions of large water Cherenkov
detectors. Housed at the University of Sheffield, the facility
consists of a light-tight 2000 L ultrapure water tank with
purification and temperature control systems. Water temperature,
resistivity, and UV attenuation in the tank are monitored and shown
to be stable over time. The system is also shown to be compatible
with a solution of 0.2% gadolinium sulfate, allowing further
utility in testing equipment bound for the next generation neutrino
and nucleon decay water Cherenkov particle detectors. The relevant
water quality parameters are shown to be stable whilst running in
Gd-mode, thereby providing a suitable test bed for hardware
development in a realistic, ex situ environment.
Spatial Distribution and the Sustainability of Student Mobility of Top Universities in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Lisna , Marlyn Kipuw Desiree 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As leading higher education institutions, top universities generate significant daily traffic. In addition, its high education quality often attracts youth to migrate and live closer to the university complex. The development of novel policies that support sustainable transport mode usage will become a role model and provide public benefits to the environment. Yet, there is little knowledge and limited research on university student mobility. This study aims to identify the significance of the daily trip distribution generated by top university students and identify the sustainability of its transportation modes by taking Bandung, Indonesia, as a case study. Responses from 383 students at 4 top universities were collected and then analysed using comparative analysis. The analysis reveals that 66,48 % of the students live in an area less than a 5 Km radius, yet, still depend on non-sustainable transport modes. This finding carries important policy implications to encourage more sustainable transport mode usage within this 5 Km area.
Towards Ecovillage Through Rural Waste Management Institution in Cinanjung, Sumedang Regency, West Java
Authors: Fatimah S , Deliana Y , Rasmikayati E , Trimo L , Hapsari H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article aims to examine the possibility of forming an institutional system for waste management so that the village remains a comfortable area to live in. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach based on case study in a rural setting of West Java, Indonesia. Data and information were obtained primarily from primary data, added by document reviews, articles and other secondary sources. The analysis carried out includes current waste production and handling, existing institutional systems to facilitate communication and coordination in handling waste, and prospects for institutional development to support waste handling in order to encourage the implementation of a green economy in Cinanjung Village. The results of the study show that there is still a gap between production and the ability to handle existing waste. Existing institutions have started to move at the district level but still need an effective strategy at the village level. Through the 3R concept and circular economy based on green development in the framework of ecovillage, it shows that some waste has the potential to be developed into commercial benefits, such as fertilizer and compost, handicraft products, and compacted waste. Support and assistance from the government is needed for the procurement of equipment as well as training. Assistance from third parties such as universities can accelerate the process of empowering solid waste institutions in such rural areas.
Large-scale land development of landed housing and apartment based on developers networking in Jabodetabek
Authors: Muhtadin R , Winarso H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The immense development of residential land in Jabodetabek and unreasonable property prices indicate an uncompetitive housing market. It argues that the phenomenon of oligopolistic market condition, either in the property or land market, is bridled by a minority of developers. It is reinforced by the emergence of a network formed among the development firms. In order to deliberate developer’s network, we incorporated institutional land development study approach, market structure and business competition theory. Subsequently, social networks analysis among large-scale housing developers will be explained. This study revealed out that the development of residential land was found to lead into a more competitive climate with monopolistic competitive market type. Four investigations: multiple positions; stock ownership; consortium; and kinship, were selected to divulge a large-scale housing developer network that are formed either directly or indirectly. The network created a semi-oligopolistic type of land domination. A few well-known developers became the dominant actors through landed housing and apartment developers network. The emergence of this network phenomenon is indicated by poor regulations and its institutions. Moreover, policies regarding spatial planning and business competition have not been integrated yet.
Analysis of hot spots and trends in rolling bearing fault diagnosis research based on scientific knowledge mapping
Authors: Chen Bin , Zhao Yang , Zhang Yuteng , Jiang Yuyan , Zhang Hongliang , Pan Haiyang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As a key component of mechanical equipment, real-time monitoring and diagnosis of rolling bearings play a critical role in ensuring the stable operation of equipment and the safety of operators. In order to present the current status and trends of fault diagnosis research on rolling bearings more intuitively, the scientific knowledge mapping was used to visualize and analyze the relevant literature in the article. The results show that the number of publications in this area of research has grown significantly in recent years, with China, India, the United States, and England having contributed significantly. The journals such as MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, MEASUREMENT, and JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION have played an important role in disseminating cutting-edge technologies in this field. In addition, the exploration of modern methods based on data-driven and artificial intelligence, as well as their application to real-world problems, are gradually becoming the focus of research. Through summarising and analysing, the application of modern data processing techniques, the development of more efficient and practical intelligent fault diagnosis techniques, and the close integration of laboratory research and practical applications will become future research trends.
Enhancing microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar TIG welded duplex 2205 and Ni-based inconel 718 superalloy through post weld heat treatment
Authors: Fande Ashish , Kalbande Vijay , Kavishwar Samrat , Tandon Vipin , Dhunde Ashish 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In demanding applications, maintaining structural integrity in dissimilar welded joints like those between duplex stainless steel and Ni-based superalloys requires achieving the best possible mechanical properties. This work examines the impact of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the mechanical characteristics of joints made via double-sided tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. The dissimilar welded joint was investigated by exposing it to the PWHT for 12 h at 650 °C. Reducing the negative impact of heat generated by welding on the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of the fusion zone was the main goal. To study for changes in the microstructure before and after PWHT, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods were used for microstructural analysis. To determine the effect of PWHT on the welded joints, mechanical properties such as tensile strength, toughness, and ductility were also assessed. The mechanical properties showed significantly enhanced characteristics and refined grain structures in the fusion zone.
Understanding desiccation tolerance and sex-specific responses in Bryum argenteum: insights from phenological phases and physiological analyses
Authors: dos Santos Wagner Luiz , Medina-Ramos Andrea , Greenwood Joshua , Pôrto Kátia Cavalcanti , Pinheiro Fábio , Stark Lloyd R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Desiccation tolerance (DT) is crucial for survival in arid environments, where organisms develop strategies in reproduction, maintenance and defence to cope with water scarcity. Therefore, investigating the relationship between reproduction and DT is essential to understand the ecology and adaptive strategies of species. This study explores the connection between the development of male and female gametangia in the moss Bryum argenteum and the decrease in DT during the progression of phenological phases in gametangia and protonema.

Methods
Samples collected from a dry tropical forest in Brazil were cultivated, cloned and subjected to desiccation. Subsequently, the physiological parameters of shoots and protonemata were analysed. Shoot and protonema regeneration were monitored for 28 d after the physiological analyses. Both phases were subjected to control and desiccation treatments.

Key Results
Significant effects of desiccation and sex on the physiological parameters and regeneration capacity of shoots and protonemata were found. Male shoots generally exhibited lower values of Fv/Fm (quantum efficiency of photosystem II) and ϕPSII (effective quantum yield of photosystem II), while females demonstrated higher values and better recovery after desiccation. Protonemata also showed variation in Fv/Fm over time and with sex, with no significant differences in ϕPSII between them. Desiccated male shoots had higher mortality rates and produced fewer new shoots. For females, the regeneration patterns varied between the desiccation-exposed groups and the control, with decreased shoot production, and some protonemata growing into filaments without forming shoots.

Conclusion
These findings improve our understanding of the ecological responses of bryophytes to desiccation stress and provide insights into their adaptive strategies in challenging environments, such as the possible rarity of males in dioicous moss populations.
Towards multi-omics synthetic data integration
Authors: Selvarajoo Kumar , Maurer-Stroh Sebastian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Across many scientific disciplines, the development of computational models and algorithms for generating artificial or synthetic data is gaining momentum. In biology, there is a great opportunity to explore this further as more and more big data at multi-omics level are generated recently. In this opinion, we discuss the latest trends in biological applications based on process-driven and data-driven aspects. Moving ahead, we believe these methodologies can help shape novel multi-omics-scale cellular inferences.
A highly sensitive stem-loop RT-qPCR method to study siRNA intracellular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Authors: Chen Lin , Bosmajian Caroline , Woo Sukyung 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful tool for sequence-specific silencing of disease-related genes. In this study, we established and validated a stem-loop reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method applicable for both chemically unmodified and modified siRNA, aiming to elucidate mechanistic intracellular pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties of siRNA. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of factors affecting intracellular siRNA quantification. Our study revealed that immobilization-based siRNA extraction introduced high variation, making it unsuitable for absolute quantification. Conversely, direct cell lysis followed by stem-loop RT-qPCR demonstrated excellent reproducibility, with a quantification range from 0.0002 to 20 femtomole (fmole) for unmodified siRNA and 0.02 to 20 fmole for modified siRNA. The design of a 6-bp overlapping RT primer facilitated the distinction of full-length antisense from its 3′-metabolites, and pre-annealing of antisense to RT primer enhanced sensitivity and reproducibility. Differences in siRNA loss during storage and sample processing were noted among microcentrifuge tubes from various manufacturers. Endogenous miR-16 served as a reference for normalizing cytoplasmic siRNA, while protein concentration post-immunoprecipitation lysis was used to normalize RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)-loaded siRNA levels. This method successfully enabled a detailed characterization of the time profiles of cytoplasmic and RISC-loaded siRNA, advancing the in vitro–in vivo translation of siRNA therapeutics.
Plastome analysis elucidates the phylogenetic placement of the mycoheterotrophic genus Yoania (Orchidaceae) and its plastomic degeneration during the evolution of mycoheterotrophy
Authors: Liu Zhongcheng , Lee Shiou Yih , Yeh Ching-Long , Averyanov Leonid V , Liao Wenbo , Suetsugu Kenji 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Subtribe Calypsoinae (Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) comprises several fully mycoheterotrophic species. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that full mycoheterotrophy has evolved independently at least four times within this group, including the Yoania clade. The taxonomic classification of Yoania species has been challenging. Therefore, to understand the plastomic degeneration during the evolution of mycoheterotrophy and to uncover the phylogenetic relationship within Yoania, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis using eight specimens representing all six recognized Yoania taxa from the complete plastome and partial ribosomal DNA (rDNA) operon sequence (ETS–18S–ITS1–5.8S–ITS2–26S). Among the Calypsoinae taxa examined, Yoania possessed the shortest plastome, ranging from 43 998 to 44 940 bp. Comparative analysis of the plastomes revealed a relatively conserved gene structure, content, and order, with species-level sequence variation (in the form of indels) primarily observed in the intergenic spacer regions. Plastomic gene-block inversions were observed between Yoania and Danxiaorchis singchiana, but not between Yoania and other related genera. Phylogenetic analyses based on the plastome and rDNA data strongly supported the monophyletic placement of Yoania within Calypsoinae, and indicated substantial molecular divergence between Yoania and other Calypsoinae taxa. Yoania can thus be considered genetically isolated from the other Calypsoinae taxa.
Tracts in the limbic system show microstructural alterations post COVID-19 recovery
Authors: Mishra Sapna S , Pedersini Caterina A , Misra Rohit , Gandhi Tapan K , Rokers Bas , Biswal Bharat B 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Delirium, memory loss, attention deficit and fatigue are frequently reported by COVID survivors, yet the neurological pathways underlying these symptoms are not well understood. To study the possible mechanisms for these long-term sequelae after COVID-19 recovery, we investigated the microstructural properties of white matter in Indian cohorts of COVID-recovered patients and healthy controls. For the cross-sectional study presented here, we recruited 44 COVID-recovered patients and 29 healthy controls in New Delhi, India. Using deterministic whole-brain tractography on the acquired diffusion MRI scans, we traced 20 white matter tracts and compared fractional anisotropy, axial, mean and radial diffusivity between the cohorts. Our results revealed statistically significant differences (PFWE &lt; 0.01) in the uncinate fasciculus, cingulum cingulate, cingulum hippocampus and arcuate fasciculus in COVID survivors, suggesting the presence of microstructural abnormalities. Additionally, in a subsequent subgroup analysis based on infection severity (healthy control, non-hospitalized patients and hospitalized patients), we observed a correlation between tract diffusion measures and COVID-19 infection severity. Although there were significant differences between healthy controls and infected groups, we found no significant differences between hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID patients. Notably, the identified tracts are part of the limbic system and orbitofrontal cortex, indicating microstructural differences in neural circuits associated with memory and emotion. The observed white matter alterations in the limbic system resonate strongly with the functional deficits reported in Long COVID. Overall, our study provides additional evidence that damage to the limbic system could be a neuroimaging signature of Long COVID. The findings identify targets for follow-up studies investigating the long-term physiological and psychological impact of COVID-19.