bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How common is the most common adult movement disorder? Update on the worldwide prevalence of essential tremor
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Ferreira Joaquim J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEssential tremor (ET) is among the more prevalent neurological disorders, yet prevalence estimates have varied enormously, making it difficult to establish prevalence with precision. We: (1) reviewed the worldwide prevalence of ET in population‐based epidemiological studies, (2) derived as precisely as possible an estimate of disease prevalence, and (3) examined trends and important differences across studies. We identified 28 population‐based prevalence studies (19 countries). In a meta‐analysis, pooled prevalence (all ages) = 0.9%, with statistically significant heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 99%, P < 0.001). In additional descriptive analyses, crude prevalence (all ages) = 0.4%. Prevalence increased markedly with age, and especially with advanced age. In the meta‐analysis, prevalence (age ≥ 65 years) = 4.6%, and in additional descriptive analyses, median crude prevalence (age ≥ 60–65) = 6.3%. In one study of those age ≥ 95 years, crude prevalence = 21.7%. Several studies reported ethnic differences in prevalence, although more studies are needed. Greater than one‐third of studies show a gender difference, with most demonstrating a higher prevalence among men. This possible gender preference is interesting given clinical, epidemiological, and pathological associations between ET and Parkinson's disease. Precise prevalence estimates such as those we provide are important because they form the numerical basis for planned public health initiatives, provide data on the background occurrence of disease for family studies, and offer clues about the existence of environmental or underlying biological factors of possible mechanistic importance. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Incidental Lewy body disease: Clinical comparison to a control cohort
Authors: Adler Charles H. , Connor Donald J. , Hentz Joseph G. , Sabbagh Marwan N. , Caviness John N. , Shill Holly A. , Noble Brie , Beach Thomas G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLimited clinical information has been published on cases pathologically diagnosed with incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD). Standardized, longitudinal movement and cognitive data was collected on a cohort of subjects enrolled in the Sun Health Research Institute Brain and Body Donation Program. Of 277 autopsied subjects who had antemortem clinical evaluations within the previous 3 years, 76 did not have Parkinson's disease, a related disorder, or dementia of which 15 (20%) had ILBD. Minor extrapyramidal signs were common in subjects with and without ILBD. Cognitive testing revealed an abnormality in the ILBD group in the Trails B test only. ILBD cases had olfactory dysfunction; however, sample size was very small. This preliminary report revealed ILBD cases have movement and cognitive findings that for the most part were not out of proportion to similarly assessed and age‐similar cases without Lewy bodies. Larger sample size is needed to have the power to better assess group differences. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
The effect of substrate temperature on optoelectronic characteristics of surface‐textured ZnO:Al films for micromorph silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: Kang Dong‐Won , Kuk Seung‐Hee , Ji Kwang‐Sun , Ahn Seh‐Won , Han Min‐Koo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractZnO:Al films were deposited on the low cost soda lime glass substrates by d.c. magnetron sputtering from ZnO:Al (2 wt.%) ceramic target. The electrical and optical properties of surface textured ZnO:Al film deposited at the substrate temperatures of room temperature, 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C were studied. The deposition rate and etch rate of ZnO:Al films was decreased with an increase of substrate temperature, implying that the film density was increased. The electrical resistivity was also decreased. The ZnO:Al film deposited at 300 °C showed low electrical resistivity of about 2×10–4 ohm cm. The refractive index at 550 nm was increased with substrate temperature. It is attributed to Al content increase in the film measured by energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy. The surface morphologies, wet‐chemical etching profiles, and haze characteristics of surface textured ZnO:Al films were analyzed as a function of substrate temperature. The ZnO:Al film deposited at 200 °C showed the largest craters in ZnO:Al film surface and highest haze values in any other sample although the ZnO:Al films deposited at over 200 °C showed higher transmission and lower resistivity than ZnO:Al film deposited at 200 °C. In a further increase of substrate temperature over 200 °C, the film density was increased and wet‐chemical etching was not efficient. So, small craters or pinholes which cause low haze values were formed in the ZnO:Al film. The ZnO:Al film deposited at optimum substrate temperature of 200 °C showed high transmittance of 90.3% and 86.2% at the wavelength of 550 nm and 800 nm, respectively. It also showed high haze values of about 70% and 36% at 550 nm and 800 nm, respectively. The Al content in the film was 1.59 (at.%), and refractive index at 550 nm was 2.1. The ZnO:Al film deposited at 200 °C showed low resistivity of about 2.3×10–4ohm cm. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Detection of exogenous contaminants of fingerprints using ToF‐SIMS
Authors: Szynkowska M. I. , Czerski K. , Rogowski J. , Paryjczak T. , Parczewski A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study is to present an application of ToF‐SIMS in forensic research, especially in the imaging of fingerprints and detection of traces of various substances, which do not exist in natural skin excretion, but can be connected with a crime scene. Exemplary ToF‐SIMS images of fingerprints from fingers contaminated with traces of different substances (arsenic, nickel, gunshot residues, amphetamine drugs, etc.) using three kinds of bases (aluminum, stainless steel and brass) are showed. The results of the study show the potential of ToF‐SIMS technique in the analysis of fingerprints with a view to use in forensic science. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical composition and structural changes of porous templates obtained by anodising aluminium in phosphoric acid electrolyte
Authors: Le Coz F. , Arurault L. , Fontorbes S. , Vilar V. , Datas L. , Winterton P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOrdered anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) films were first prepared by anodising in a phosphoric acid electrolyte and then studied extensively and characterised by field emission gun‐scanning electron microscopy (FEG‐SEM), X‐ray diffraction, Raman and infrared spectroscopy at a macroscopic scale. These analyses showed that the as‐prepared AAO film is in fact amorphous, partially hydrated and that its initial global chemical composition can be described, in agreement with previous works, as: Al2O3, 0.186AlPO4 · 0.005H2O. Additional analyses (thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis and FEG‐SEM) showed geometrical changes of the film structure at different scales, explained by various steps of dehydration and allotropic transformations of the resulting crystallised alumina. However, because their structure remains unchanged up to 900 °C, the phosphoric templates appear to be particularly suitable for applications or processes at medium or high temperatures, such as the preparation of carbon nanotubes or oxide rods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms of metal‐assisted secondary ion mass spectrometry: a mixed theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Restrepo O. , Prabhakaran A. , Hamraoui K. , Wehbe N. , Yunus S. , Bertrand P. , Delcorte A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article compares the experimental results obtained in metal‐assisted secondary ion mass spectrometry of polymers, with molecular dynamics simulations involving hybrid metal–organic surfaces. The theoretical sputtering yields are in agreement with the trends highlighted in recent experiments, in which different projectiles (Ga+, C$_{60}^{+}$) were used to bombard pristine and Au‐covered polymer samples. In the experiments, the link between the organic ion yield enhancement/decrease and the fraction of the surface covered by the metal is clearly established. On the other hand, the simulations show that the position of the impact point on the metal‐covered surface critically influences the calculated yields of metal and organic material, in a manner that depends on the projectile. The discussion analyzes the information obtained from the simulations and the experiments to propose a mechanism of yield enhancement. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Significance of Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients Undergoing Partial Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Xiaohong Shen , Huikai Li , Feng Wang , Ti Zhang , Yunlong Cui , Qiang Li 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundThere are few detailed clinical reports about perihepatic lymph node (LN) assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the incidence, site, and impact on survival of LN metastasis in patients with HCC amenable to curative liver resection and routine regional lymphadenectomy.MethodsFrom January 2001 to June 2004, a total of 523 HCC patients undergoing curative hepatic resection and routine regional lymphadenectomy were included in this study. The incidence, site of LN metastasis in HCC patients, and its influence on survival were analyzed.ResultsA total of 3433 lymph nodes were dissected from the 523 patients enrolled in this study and examined by pathologists. Among these patients, LN metastasis was found in 39 (7.45%) patients. Hepatic pedicle, retropancreatic space, and common hepatic artery stations were conventionally removed. The incidence of LN metastasis in the hepatic pedicle station was higher than that in the other stations (p < 0.01) The overall cumulative survival rate was significantly worse for patients with LN metastasis than for those without LN metastasis (p < 0.01). The median survival time was 28 months among the patients with LN metastasis and 53 months among those without LN metastasis. Tumors had recurred in 82.05% (32/39) of patients with LN metastasis and in 57.64% (279/484) of those without LN metastasis (p < 0.01). Regional lymphadenectomy was considerably safe with a low intraoperative complication rate (0.95%).ConclusionsLymph node metastasis in patients with HCC is closely related to a lower survival rate. Regional lymph node dissection should always be performed to determine the precise stage of the disease. Hepatic resection with regional lymphadenectomy is a safe procedure in patients with HCC.
Five‐year Follow‐up of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Total Thyroidectomy versus Dunhill Operation versus Bilateral Subtotal Thyroidectomy for Multinodular Nontoxic Goiter
Authors: Barczyński Marcin , Konturek Aleksander , Hubalewska‐Dydejczyk Alicja , Gołkowski Filip , Cichoń Stanisław , Nowak Wojciech 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe extent of thyroid resection in multinodular nontoxic goiter (MNG) is controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate results of various thyroid resection modes, with special emphasis put on the recurrence rate and morbidity rate, in a 5‐year follow‐up.Materials and methodsFrom 01/2000 through 12/2003, 600 consenting patients with MNG qualified for thyroidectomy at our institution were randomized to three groups equal in size, n = 200 in each. Patients in group A underwent total thyroidectomy (TT); patients in group B underwent Dunhill operation (DO), whereas patients in group C underwent bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy (BST). All patients were subjected to ultrasonographic, cytological, and biochemical follow‐up at least for 60 months postoperatively. The primary outcome measure was prevalence of recurrent goiter and need for redo surgery. The secondary outcome measure was the postoperative morbidity rate (hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury).ResultsRecurrent goiter was found in 0.52% TT versus 4.71% DO versus 11.58% BST (p = 0.01 for TT versus DO, p = 0.02 for DO versus BST, p < 0.001 for TT versus BST), and completion thyroidectomy was necessary in 0.52% TT versus 1.57% DO versus 3.68% BST (p = 0.03 for TT versus BST). Transient postoperative hypoparathyroidism was present in 10.99% versus 4.23% versus 2.1% (p = 0.007 for TT versus DO, p < 0.001 for TT versus BST), whereas the recurrent laryngeal nerve injury rate was 5.49% and 1.05% TT versus 4.23% and 0.79% DO versus 2.1% and 0.53% BST (transient and permanent, respectively; p = 0.007 for transient events TT versus BST).ConclusionsTotal thyroidectomy can be regarded as the procedure of choice for patients with MNG. It is associated with a significantly lower incidence of goiter recurrence and less frequent need for completion thyroidectomy than other more limited thyroid resections. However, TT involves a significantly higher risk of postoperative transient but not permanent hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis.
Examining the role of physical appearance in Latino adolescents' ethnic identity
Authors: Gonzales‐Backen Melinda A. , Umaña‐Taylor Adriana J. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTGuided by ecological theory, the current study examined physical appearance as a moderator of the relation between familial ethnic socialization (FES) and ethnic identity among 167 Latino adolescents. Results indicated that FES was positively associated with ethnic identity exploration and resolution. Furthermore, as expected, physical appearance moderated the relation between FES and ethnic identity affirmation such that this relation was positive among adolescents who were rated as having a more Latino appearance, a less European appearance, and darker skin, and it was non‐significant among adolescents with a less Latino appearance, a more European appearance, and lighter skin. Findings underscore the importance of considering within‐group variation when studying ethnic identity. In addition, this study highlights the importance of examining ethnic identity as a multidimensional construct.
The effect of hypoxia on the functional and structural development of the chick brain
Authors: Rodricks Candice L. , Gibbs Marie E. , Castillo‐Melendez Margie , Miller Suzanne L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDecreased oxygen availability during gestation is linked with altered structural development of the brain and cognitive deficits after birth. Prehatch hypoxia can induce gross neuropathology such as brain lesions or more subtle injury including selective neuronal cell loss, white matter injury and gliosis. In the current study we used the developing chick embryo to determine whether 24 h of hypoxia at different prehatch ages, embryonic day 10, 12 or 14 (E10, E12 or E14), resulted in an alteration in neuronal cell number or astrocyte density in brain areas associated with learning and memory. Twenty‐four hours of hypoxia (14% oxygen) commencing at E10 resulted in an increase in the density of GFAP‐positive astrocytes in the medial striatum (MSt) (P < 0.05) and a significant reduction in the number of NeuN‐positive neuronal nuclei in the intermediate medial mesopallium (IMM) (P < 0.02). Hypoxia at E14 resulted in an increase in GFAP immunoreactivity in the hippocampus (P ≤ 0.02) and a significant decrease in the number of NeuN‐positive cells in the IMM (P < 0.04). Memory was tested soon after hatch using a bead discrimination learning task and results showed that E10 hypoxia significantly reduced short‐term memory, which subsequently affected all stages of memory formation (P < 0.001), whereas 24 h of hypoxia at E14 did not alter short‐term memory, but impaired consolidation into long‐term memory (P < 0.02). Interestingly, 24 h of hypoxia at E12 did not alter GFAP immunoreactivity or NeuN‐positive cells, nor did it result in memory deficits. We find that an alteration in the number or a disruption in the normal development of astrocytes and neurons significantly affects memory formation and consolidation in the young chick.
Computed tomographic angiography with three‐dimensional reconstruction for transoral laser microsurgery
Authors: Salassa John R. , Ozgursoy Ozan B. , Weindling Steven M. , Casler John D. 
Published: February 2010

ObjectiveTo identify major arteries in relationship to large pharyngeal tumors during transoral laser microsurgery.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingMayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.Subjects and MethodsWe developed a new technique that combines three‐dimensional CT angiography and enhanced soft‐tissue neck CT for evaluation of pharyngeal tumors before transoral laser microsurgery. Data from CT angiography were used to create three‐dimensional images of the tumor and adjacent arterial branches to better orient the surgeon to the spatial relationships of major arteries and pharyngeal tumors. Included were selected patients who had large tumors involving the pharynx and who underwent transoral laser microsurgery.ResultsEighteen patients were studied from June 2008 through January 2009. Tumor enhancement was absent or modest in four of 18 patients. Three of these four patients had superficial squamous cell carcinomas and one had adenoid cystic carcinoma. The remaining 14 patients had good tumor enhancement. The tumor involved the lingual artery in three and displaced the lingual or facial artery in two of these 14 patients. One anomalous right inferior thyroid artery was identified. Compared with routine enhanced soft‐tissue neck CT, three‐dimensional CT angiography greatly enhanced the anatomical relationships of the major arteries. In one patient, the surgeon's approach was changed after three‐dimensional CT angiography demonstrated an encased lingual artery.ConclusionThree‐dimensional CT angiography was useful in identifying the anatomical orientation of major arteries and the planning of transoral laser microsurgery to treat tumors involving the pharynx.
Pediatric otogenic intracranial abscesses
Authors: Isaacson Brandon , Mirabal Christine , Kutz J. Walter , Lee Kenneth H. , Roland Peter S. 
Published: February 2010

ObjectiveTo describe the presentation and management of otogenic intracranial abscesses in a tertiary care pediatric hospital.Study DesignCase series and chart review.SettingTertiary care pediatric hospital.Subjects and MethodsAn inpatient database was queried for the following diagnostic codes from 2000 to 2008: [383.2] petrositis, [383] acute mastoiditis, [386.3] labyrinthitis, [351.0] facial paralysis (Bell's palsy), [351.9] facial nerve disorder unspecified, [351.8] other facial nerve disorders, [383.01] subperiosteal abscess, [383.02] Gradenigo's syndrome, [320] meningitis, [324.9] extradural or subdural abscess, [324.0] intracranial abscess, [325] thrombosis of intracranial venous sinus, and [348.2] otic hydrocephalus. Presenting signs and symptoms, microbiology, length of stay, surgical findings, and outcomes were recorded for each patient.ResultsForty patients were identified with an otogenic intracranial complication. Thirty patients had evidence of an intraparenchymal, epidural, subdural, or petrous apex suppurative complication of otitis media. Twenty‐four of 30 (80%) patients had a canal wall up mastoidectomy, three (10%) patients had a craniotomy without a mastoidectomy, and three (10%) patients were managed with intravenous antibiotics with or without pressure equalization tubes. There were no mortalities in this series of patients.ConclusionPatients with intracranial abscesses, in selected cases, can be managed with intravenous antibiotics without mastoidectomy. The use of canal wall up mastoidectomy is an acceptable alternative to radical mastoidectomy when surgical intervention is necessary.
Comparative outcomes of using fibrin glue in septoplasty and its effect on mucociliary activity
Authors: Habesoglu Tulay Erden , Kulekci Semra , Habesoglu Mehmet , Deveci Ildem , Deveci Senem , Toros Sema , Naiboglu Baris , Kinis Vefa , Egeli Erol 
Published: February 2010

ObjectiveOur objective was to determine the efficacy of fibrin glue to prevent complications and nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC) after septoplasty compared with a nonabsorbable packing requiring removal (polyvinyl alcohol [PVA] sponge).Study DesignProspective clinical trial with planned data collection.SettingThe study was conducted at Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital.MethodsA total of 44 patients, who had septoplasty operations, were included in the study. We evaluated postoperative pain, sleep disturbance on the night of surgery, bleeding, septal hematoma, synechia, infection, and MCC values in the fibrin glue and PVA sponge groups.ResultsThe pain scores in the fibrin glue group were significantly lower than in the PVA sponge group (P < 0.01). A statistically significant difference was noted in the number of patients who had mild bleeding in favor of the fibrin glue group (P < 0.05). In the fibrin glue group, 95.7 percent of patients reported that they had normal sleep; in the PVA sponge group, only 23.8 percent of patients reported normal sleep (P < 0.01). In the fibrin glue group, a significant decrease was noted in postoperative MCC values compared with preoperative values (P < 0.01). However, in the PVA sponge group, a significant increase was noted in postoperative clearance values compared with preoperative values (P < 0.01).ConclusionIn our series of patients, we have seen no gross complications from fibrin glue usage. Fibrin glue can be readily used in septoplasty; it requires no special treatment, has an adequate hemostatic effect, and appears to promote the regeneration of mucociliary activity of the injured mucosa postoperatively.
Informational Efficiency and Liquidity Premium as the Determinants of Capital Structure
Authors: Chang Chun , Yu Xiaoyun 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates how a firm’s capital structure choice affects the informational efficiency of its security prices in the secondary markets. We identify two new determinants of a firm’s capital structure policy: the liquidity (adverse selection) premium due to investors’ anticipated losses to informed trading, and operating efficiency improvement due to information revelation from the firm’s security prices. We show that the capital structure decision affects traders’ incentives to acquire information and subsequently, the distribution of informed traders across debt and equity claims. When information is less imperative for improving its operating decisions, a firm issues zero or negative debt (i.e., holding excess cash reserves) in order to reduce socially wasteful information acquisition and the liquidity premium associated with it. When information is crucial for a firm’s operating decisions, the optimal debt level is one that achieves maximum information revelation at the lowest possible liquidity cost. Our model can explain why many firms consistently hold no debt. It also provides new implications for financial system design and for the relationship among leverage, liquidity premium, profitability, and the cost of information acquisition.
Corporate Governance and Liquidity
Authors: Chung Kee H. , Elder John , Kim Jang-Chul 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe investigate the empirical relation between corporate governance and stock market liquidity. We find that firms with better corporate governance have narrower spreads, higher market quality index, smaller price impact of trades, and lower probability of information-based trading. In addition, we show that changes in our liquidity measures are significantly related to changes in the governance index over time. These results suggest that firms may alleviate information-based trading and improve stock market liquidity by adopting corporate governance standards that mitigate informational asymmetries. Our results are remarkably robust to alternative model specifications, across exchanges, and to different measures of liquidity.