bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of Cubic Zirconia by Reactive Arc Evaporation in a Mixture of Nitrogen‐Oxygen Reactive Gas
Authors: Neels A. , Vieira L. de Abreu , Döbeli M. , Dommann A. , Herrán J. , Neff F. , Widrig B. , Brändle H. , Ramm J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractZr(N)O coatings being synthesized by cathodic arc evaporation (P3e™ technology) show that cubic zirconia, ZrO2, can be formed at low substrate temperatures of 550 °C using nitrogen‐oxygen reactive gas mixtures during deposition. The structural properties of the coatings obtained for different nitrogen‐oxygen ratios have been investigated by X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. The composition of the layers was studied by RBS and ERDA and the layers morphology by cross sectional SEM. For low oxygen flows, the cubic ZrN and ZrO phase were formed while increased oxygen flow results in a transition starting from the orthorhombic to the cubic and to the monoclinic ZrO2 phase. The phase stability of the cubic ZrO2 phase has been investigated by in situ high temperatures XRD studies in air and reveals a multi step phase transformation starting at about 550 °C with a change to the tetragonal ZrO2 phase and the further transition to the monoclinic phase at higher temperatures.
Assessment of the Cytocompatibility of Poly‐(N‐hexylvinylpyridinium) Used as an Antibacterial Implant Coating
Authors: Heuer W. , Winkel A. , Kohorst P. , Lutzke A. , Pfaffenroth C. , Menzel H. , Bach Fr.‐W. , Volk J. , Leyhausen G. , Stiesch M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMedical implants made of titanium have a wide variety of applications, ranging from replacement of a single tooth to extraoral maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation or hip endoprosthesis. The long‐term success of such osseointegrated titanium implants is endangered by inflammation of periimplant hard or soft tissues caused by a bacterial infection. Therefore, implants should ideally inhibit bacterial adhesion and growth, but allows strong attachment of connective tissues or epithelium at the same time. Antimicrobial polymers like poly(vinyl‐N‐hexylpyridinium bromide) (hexyl‐PVP) are a promising approach as implant coatings to inhibit bacterial adhesion, but little is known about the biocompatibility of these polymers. The aim of the present study was to develop a method for evaluation of the cell acceptance of hexyl‐PVP or copolymers of vinyl‐N‐hexylpyridinium bromide and (4‐vinylbenzyl)phosphonic acid diethylester (poly((hexyl‐VP)‐co‐VBP)) as coating on titanium disks. Primary human gingival fibroblasts were used and biocompatibility was assessed by cell adhesion and proliferation. The cell morphology of the fibroblasts on these surfaces was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and was used as additional criterion. The results indicate no significant differences in adhesion or proliferation rate between primary human gingival fibroblasts seeded on polymer‐coated titanium disks and uncoated titanium disks as a control. Although SEM micrographs displayed moderate differences in cell morphology between the two groups, application of hexyl‐PVP or the corresponding copolymers as antibacterial coatings for medical implants or devices appears to be promising.
Der Einfluß von Anionen und ihrer Konzentration auf die polarographische Reduktion von Sauerstoff
Authors: Shams Din A. M. El , Holleck L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn neutraler Lösung lassen sich die Halbstufenpotentiale der Sauerstoffreduktion wie folgt in ihrer Abhängigkeit von der Art und Konzentration des Anions des Leitelektrolyten darstellen: ϵ1/2 = a + b · log c; dabei ändert sich nur die Konstante a mit der Art des Anions. Diese Beziehung wird mit dem Einfluß desDie Reduktionspotentiale von O2, liegen in NH4Cl‐Lösungen positiver als in KC1‐Lösungen gleicher Konzentration. Unterhalb etwa 5 · 102MNH4Cl spaltet die zweite Stufe in zwei Teilstufen auf. Beide Erscheinungen werden durch die katalytische Wirkung des NH4+‐Ions auf Elektrodenprozesse, an denen Protonenübergänge beteiligt sind, erklärt.Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante k der Reaktion H2O2 + 2e− ← 2OH− wird für eine Anzahl verschiedener Leitelektrolyte ermittelt. Bei vergleichbaren Potentialen wachst log k linear mit dem Logarithmus der Leitelektrolytkonzentration c. Es wird ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Einfluß der Salzkonzentration auf die Sauerstoffreduktion einerseits und die Korrosion von Metallen in neutraler Lösung andererseits hergeleitet.Weiterhin wird die Wirkung von N,N‐Dimethyl‐p‐phenylendiamin auf die Sauerstoffreduktion bei saurem (KHSO4) und neutralem (KCl) Leitelektrolyten untersucht. Die Adsorption dieses Zusatzes an der Elektrodenoberfläche bewirkt die Unterdrückung des Maximums der ersten Stufe, die Katalyse der Wasserstoffentwicklung in saurer Lösung und eine Inhibition der zweiten Sauerstoffreduktionsstufe in neutraler Lösung.
Diversity Through a Branched Reaction Pathway: Generation of Multicyclic Scaffolds and Identification of Antimigratory Agents
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Castellano Sabrina , Kinderman Sape S. , Argueta Christian E. , Beshir Anwar B. , Fenteany Gabriel , Kwon Ohyun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA library of 91 heterocyclic compounds composed of 16 distinct scaffolds has been synthesized through a sequence of phosphine‐catalyzed ring‐forming reactions, Tebbe reactions, Diels–Alder reactions, and, in some cases, hydrolysis. This effort in diversity‐oriented synthesis produced a collection of compounds that exhibited high levels of structural variation both in terms of stereochemistry and the range of scaffolds represented. A simple but powerful sequence of reactions thus led to a high‐diversity library of relatively modest size with which to explore biologically relevant regions of chemical space. From this library, several molecules were identified that inhibit the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and may serve as leads for the development of antimetastatic agents.
Phosphate Homeostasis
Authors: Dennis Vincent W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Phosphate RegulationPlasma Phosphate ConcentrationRenal Handling of PhosphateUlfrafilterability of Plasma PhosphateLocalization and Direction of Phosphate TransportHeterogeneity of Phosphate Transport RatesSecretion of PhosphateCellular Mechanisms of Phosphate TransportPhosphate EntryPhosphate ExitIntracellular ConditionsIntracellular Mediators and Regulators of Phosphate TransportInteractions between Phosphate Transport and Cellular MetabolismMetabolic Requirement for Inorganic PhosphateRegulation of Phosphate ExcretionDietary AdaptationParathyroid HormoneVitamin D MetabolitesThyroid HormoneCalcitoninSomatotropin (Growth Hormone)InsulinCatecholaminesAtrial Natriuretic PeptidesVasopressinGlucagonGlucocorticoidsNonhormonal Factors Affecting PhosphateMetabolic AcidosisRespiratory AlkalosisHypercapneaExtracellular Volume ExpansionInfluence of Calcium on Phosphate Excretion
Tubular Transport of Monocarboxylates, Krebs Cycle Intermediates, and Inorganic Sulfate
Authors: Murer Heini , Manganel Michel , Roch‐Ramel Françoise 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Overall Renal HandlingMono‐, Di‐, and TricarboxylatesSulfate and ThiosulfateTubular Handling as Studied by Micropuncture and MicroperfusionMonocarboxylatesDi‐ftricarboxylatesSulfate/ThiosulfateTransport in Isolated Membrane VesiclesMonocarboxylatesDi‐ltricarboxylatesSulfate/ThiosulfateCharacterization of Proteins Involved in Transmembrane TransportReconstitution of Mono‐, Di‐, and Tricarboxylate Transport in Artificial LiposomesPartial Purification of a Dicarboxylic Acid‐Binding ProteinIdentification of a Protein Involved in Basolateral Sulfate TransportCellular ModelsMonocarboxylatesDi‐/tricarboxylatesSulfate/Thiosulfate
Pathophysiological Responses of the Auditory Organ to Excessive Sound
Authors: Falk Stephen A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Morphology and Physiology of Normal Auditory OrganNoise‐Induced Hearing LossDistinguished from Blast TraumaCharacteristics of ExposurePathogenesis of 4‐kHz DipPathology of Permanent Threshold ShiftPathology of Temporary Threshold ShiftIonic and Biochemical ChangesVascular ChangesAge DependencyPotentiation by Ototoxic DrugsBlast TraumaPathogenesis and PathologyAudiometric Changes
Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Mammalian Cells
Authors: Little John B. , Williams Jerry R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Physical and Chemical EventsDevelopment of Radiation InjuryThe Target TheoryDirect and Indirect Effects, Radiation ChemistryEffects on Cell DivisionDivision DelayMitotic Inhibition (Reproductive Failure)Radiation Sensitivity in Different Phases of the Life CycleChromosomal DamageInterphase DeathNonlethal Heritable ChangesBiological Variation in Radiation SensitivityMechanismsModification of Radiation EffectsPhysical FactorsChemical Radiation Protection and SensitizationOxygen EffectIntracellular Recovery ProcessesRepair of Potentially Lethal DamageRepair of Sublethal Damage (Split‐Dose Recovery)Molecular Repair ProcessesDamage Observed inDNACellular Repair Systems forDNADamageRepair Activities in Mammalian CellsCorrelation ofDNARepair with Biological EffectsConcluding RemarksAddendum
Food Additives and Contaminants
Authors: Campbell A. D. , Horwitz W. , Burke J. A. , Jelinek C. F. , Rodricks J. V. , Shibko S. I. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:AdditivesFood AdditivesColor AdditivesFeed AdditivesPesticidesContaminantsPlant ToxinsAnimal ToxinsMicrobial ToxinsOrganic Industrial ChemicalsToxic ElementsSummary
Enantioselective Ring Opening Reaction of meso‐Epoxides with Aromatic and Aliphatic Amines Catalyzed by Magnesium Complexes of BINOL Derivatives
Authors: Bao Hongli , Wu Jiang , Li Hongji , Wang Zheng , You Tianpa , Ding Kuiling 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCatalyzed by the Mg complexes of BINOL derivatives, the enantioselective ring opening reaction of various meso‐epoxides proceeded smoothly with either aromatic or aliphatic amines as the nucleophiles to afford the corresponding chiral β‐amino alcohols in moderate‐to‐high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities.
Genetic variant in PSCA predicts survival of diffuse‐type gastric cancer in a Chinese population
Authors: Wang Meilin , Bai Jin , Tan Yongfei , Wang Shizhi , Tian Yuanyuan , Gong Weida , Zhou Yan , Gao Yan , Zhou Jianwei , Zhang Zhengdong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRecent genome‐wide association study (GWAS) has identified that the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) rs2294008 is involving in regulating gastric epithelial‐cell proliferation, influencing the risk of diffuse‐type gastric cancer. We hypothesized that PSCA rs2294008 is also associated with gastric cancer survival. We genotyped PSCA rs2294008 using TaqMan method in 943 patients with surgically resected gastric cancer. Analyses of genotype association with survival outcomes were assessed by the Kaplan‐Meier method, Cox proportional hazards models and the log‐rank test. There was no significant association between rs2294008 and survival of gastric cancer (log‐rank p = 0.085 for CT/TT versus CC). However, in the stratification analysis of histology, we found that rs2294008 CT/TT genotypes were associated with significantly improved survival among diffuse‐type gastric cancer (log‐rank p = 0.025, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59–0.96), compared to the CC genotype. Moreover, this protective effect was more predominant for diffuse‐type gastric cancer patients with tumor size >5 cm and distant metastasis. If validated in further studies, PSCA rs2294008 could be useful marker of survival assessment and individualized clinical therapy for gastric cancer, particularly among the diffuse‐type gastric cancer.
Circulating MicroRNAs: a novel class of biomarkers to diagnose and monitor human cancers
Authors: Zen Ke , Zhang Chen‐Yu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSpecific and sensitive non‐invasive biomarkers for the detection of human epithelial malignancies are urgently required to reduce the worldwide morbidity and mortality caused by cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19–24 nt noncoding RNAs that are frequently dysregulated in cancer and have shown great promise as tissue‐based markers for cancer classification. Once thought to be unstable RNA molecules, miRNAs are now shown to be stably expressed in serum, plasma, urine, saliva, and other body fluids. Moreover, the unique expression patterns of these circulating miRNAs are correlated with certain human diseases, including various types of cancer. Therefore, tumor‐derived miRNAs in serum or plasma are emerging as novel blood‐based fingerprints for the detection of human cancers, especially at an early stage. This review presented newly uncovered cellular and molecular mechanisms of the sources and stability of circulating miRNAs, revealing their great potential as a class of highly specific and sensitive biomarkers for tumor classification and prognostication. Meanwhile, this review also addressed certain critical issues that hinder the wide application of this new approach. Some potential challenges for the transition of circulating miRNAs from a research setting to a clinical application were also highlighted, with a future perspective of the incorporation of circulating miRNAs in the field of clinical oncology, especially their great potential from diagnostic to prognostic and predictive applications.  © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
Recognition of Damaged DNA: Structure and Dynamic Markers
Authors: Germann Markus W. , Johnson Christopher N. , Spring Alexander M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDNA damage, a consequence of external factors and inherent metabolic processes, is omnipresent. Nature has devised multiple strategies to safeguard the genetic information and developed intricate repair mechanisms and pathways to reverse an array of different DNA lesions, including mismatches. Failure of the DNA repair systems may result in mutation, premature ageing, and cancer. In this review, we focus on structural and dynamic aspects of detection of lesions in base excision and mismatch repair. A thorough understanding of repair, pathways, and regulation is necessary to develop strategies for targeting DNA‐related pathologies.  © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 32, No. 3, 659–683, 2012
Spinosad as an effective larvicide for control of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, vectors of dengue in southern Mexico
Authors: Marina Carlos F , Bond J Guillermo , Casas Mauricio , Muñoz José , Orozco Arnoldo , Valle Javier , Williams Trevor 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Field trials were conducted during the wet and dry seasons in periurban and semi‐rural cemeteries in southern Mexico to determine the efficacy of a suspension concentrate formulation of spinosad (Tracer 480SC) on the inhibition of development of Aedes albopictus L. and Ae. aegypti Skuse. For this, oviposition traps were treated with spinosad (1 or 5 mg L−1), Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti, VectoBac 12AS), a sustained release formulation of temephos and a water control.RESULTS: Ae. albopictus was subordinate to Ae. aegypti during the dry season, but became dominant or codominant during the wet season at both sites. The two species could not be differentiated in field counts on oviposition traps. Mean numbers of larvae + pupae of Aedes spp. in Bti‐treated containers were similar to the control at both sites during both seasons. The duration of complete absence of aquatic stages varied from 5 to 13 weeks for the spinosad treatments and from 6 to 9 weeks for the temephos treatment, depending on site, season and product concentration. Predatory Toxorhynchites theobaldi Dyar and Knab suffered low mortality in control and Bti treatments, but high mortality in spinosad and temephos treatments. Egg counts and percentage of egg hatch of Aedes spp. increased significantly between the dry and wet seasons, but significant treatment differences were not detected.CONCLUSION: Temephos granules and a suspension concentrate formulation of spinosad were both highly effective larvicides against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. These compounds merit detailed evaluation for inclusion in integrated control programs targeted at Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in regions where they represent important vectors of human diseases. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantum‐dot excitons in nanostructured environments
Authors: Hvam Jørn M. , Stobbe Søren , Lodahl Peter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe interaction between light and quantum‐dot (QD) excitons is strongly influenced by the environment in which the QD is placed. We have investigated the interaction by measuring the time‐resolved spontaneous‐emission rate of QD excitons in different nanostructured environments. Thereby, we have determined the oscillator strength, quantum efficiency and spin‐flip rates of QD excitons as well as their dependencies on emission wavelength and QD size. Enhancement and inhibition of QD spontaneous emission in photonic crystal membranes (PCMs) is observed. Efficient coupling to PCM waveguides is demonstrated and the influence of disorder is discussed. The findings have a strong bearing on future nanophotonic devices.magnified imageQD emitter placed in a photonic crystal membrane waveguide (artist's view).
The frontal osteoplastic flap: does it still have a place in rhinological surgery?
Authors: Isa A Y , Mennie J , McGarry G W 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:To review outcomes and complications in a series of adults undergoing a frontal osteoplastic flap procedure without obliteration, for endoscopically inaccessible sinus disease.Material and method:Retrospective case note review of patients treated at Glasgow Royal Infirmary between January 2004 and October 2008.Results:Ten patients were identified (age range 19–81 years, mean age 46.3 years). No major intra- or post-operative complications occurred. There were three minor complications: superficial discharging wound, forehead swelling and haematoma.Conclusion:The frontal osteoplastic flap still has a role in frontal sinus surgery. With minor technical modifications, this procedure may be performed with minimal complication and morbidity for patients with endoscopically inaccessible frontal sinus disease.
Polygyny, Family and Sharafat: Discourses amongst North Indian Muslims, circa 1870–1918
Authors: ALAM ASIYA 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWhile historians of South Asia have examined in elaborate detail critiques of sati and child marriage in the Hindu community, a similar approach to Muslim familial reform also needs serious attention. By investigating discourses on the question of polygyny1, this paper is an attempt in this direction. In the light of these discourses, the paper argues that polygyny, influenced by modern sensibilities of reform and social change, underwent different interpretations during the colonial period. The debate on polygyny was not homogenous and uniform and research reveals a plurality of viewpoints on the subject. The argument was often based on an assumption of sexual difference which, in some cases, emphasized the infertility and reproductive incapacity of the first wife, and in others, presented an idealization of domestic ideology where the second wife made the ‘perfect’ home. Simultaneously, there were also strong critiques of polygyny by women writers who underscored the misery of the first wife. These debates do not necessarily settle the question in favour of a particular position, but reflect a conversation held on marriage, children and family,andexpress how love, conjugality and affection were narrated in the public sphere.
Maya Settlement and Trade on Ambergris Caye, Belize
Authors: Guderjan Thomas H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractArchaeological fieldwork was conducted on Ambergris Caye, Belize, for three years beginning in 1986. Nineteen archaeological sites were identified during survey work. Intensive excavations were conducted at three sites and limited excavation at several others. In addition, a fourth site has been excavated by another party. This data base gives us the opportunity to examine the diachronic and functional variability of the archaeological record.
The Reigning Dynasty of Uaxactun During the Early Classic: The rulers and the ruled
Authors: Valdés Juan Antonio , Fahsen Federico 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFrom the Preclassic on, architectural complexes with defined functions were built in the Maya lowlands as a reflection of societal complexity and of the centralization of power in the hands of a sovereign with divine rights. Two of these types of complexes—acropoli and astronomical commemoration complexes—complement each other, as a model for a new generation of elites with ideas of grandeur and with the vision to realize ambitious projects. Thus, in Tikal and Uaxactun, the acropoli and the astronomical commemoration complexes (also called Group E) were built. These, together with other evidence for political, economic, and artistic progress, led the sites to become powerful centers that radiated prosperity and wealth.
The intersection of gender and race/ethnicity in smoking behaviors among menthol and non‐menthol smokers in the United States
Authors: Cubbin Catherine , Soobader Mah‐Jabeen , LeClere Felicia B. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTAims  To determine whether menthol is related to initiation, quantity or quitting, we examined differences in smoking behaviors among menthol and non‐menthol smokers, stratified by gender and race/ethnicity, and adjusting for age, income and educational attainment.Design  Cross‐sectional, using data from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey and Cancer Control Supplement.Setting  United States.Participants  Black, Hispanic and white women and men aged 25–64 years.Measurements  For each group, we examined (i) proportion of menthol smokers (comparing current and former smokers); (ii) age of initiation, cigarettes smoked per day and quit attempt in the past year (comparing menthol and non‐menthol current smokers); and (iii) time since quitting (comparing menthol and non‐menthol former smokers). We calculated predicted values for each demographic group, adjusting for age, income and educational attainment.Findings  After adjusting for age, income and education, black (compared with Hispanic and white) and female (compared with male) smokers were more likely to choose menthol cigarettes. There was only one statistically significant difference in age of initiation, cigarettes smoked per day, quit attempts or time since quitting between menthol and non‐menthol smokers: white women who smoked menthol cigarettes reported longer cessation compared with those who smoked non‐menthol cigarettes.Conclusions  The results do not support the hypothesis that menthol smokers initiate earlier, smoke more or have a harder time quitting compared with non‐menthol smokers. A menthol additive and the marketing of it, given the clear demographic preferences demonstrated here, however, may be responsible for enticing the groups least likely to smoke into this addictive behavior.