bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: First Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Decarestrictine O (IVb) via RCM Protocol.
Authors: Krishna Palakodety Radha , Rao T. Jagannadha 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSynthons (I) (prepared from 1,3‐propanediol) and (II) (obtained from propylene oxide) are used for the construction of cyclization precursor (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of erythro‐8‐O‐4′‐Neolignan Machilin C.
Authors: Xia Yamu , Chang Liang , Ding Yining , Jiao Bin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new asymmetric route to machilin C (VI) from vanillin is developed involving a Sharpless asymmetric dihydrogenation and a Mitsunobu reaction as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short and Efficient Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Ascofuranone.
Authors: Haga Yasushi , Tonoi Takayuki , Anbiru Yoshihide , Takahashi Yuki , Tamura Sayuri , Yamamoto Masaichi , Ifuku Shinsuke , Morimoto Minoru , Saimoto Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAscofuranone (V), a potent inhibitor of trypanosome alternative oxidase, is synthesized in seven steps starting from geranyl acetate.
ChemInform Abstract: New Antiinflammatory 4‐Hydroxyisoflavans from Solanum lyratum
Authors: Zhang De‐Wu , Li Gui‐Hai , Yu Qun‐Ying , Dai Sheng‐Jun 
Published: October 2010

Abstractisolation, structure elucidation and antiinflammatory activities of lyratins A—C (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Dracocephalum
Authors: Zeng Qi , Jin Hui‐Zi , Qin Jiang‐Jiang , Fu Jian‐Jun , Hu Xiao‐Jia , Liu Jian‐Hua , Yan Lan , Chen Ming , Zhang Wei‐Dong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReview: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Detection of Carbocationic Species in Zeolites: Large Crystals Pave the Way
Authors: Stavitski Eli , Pidko Evgeny A. , Kox Marianne H. F. , Hensen Emiel J. M. , van Santen Rutger A. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReview: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Analyses of Proton NMR Spectra of Strongly and Weakly Dipolar Coupled Spins: Special Emphasis on Spectral Simplification, Chiral Discrimination, and Discerning of Degenerate Transitions
Authors: Baishya Bikash , Prabhu Uday Ramesh , Suryaprakash N. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReview: 206 refs.
Effects of Coal Gangue Content on Water Movement and Solute Transport in a China Loess Plateau Soil
Authors: Beibei Zhou , Ming'an Shao , Mingxia Wen , Quanjiu Wang , Horton Robert 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe mining industry has grown strongly in China in recent decades, resulting in large amounts of coal gangues, which cause water and soil pollution, soil erosion, and various other environmental problems. They are often used in reclamation projects in attempts to restore land damaged by mining, hence they are frequently present (in widely varying proportions) in the topsoil in areas around mines. Their presence can strongly affect key soil variables, including its bulk density, structure, water retention, water movement, and solute transport rates. In the study presented here, the effects of gangue contents on infiltration, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and solute transport parameters of a Chinese Loess plateau soil were examined. The results show that infiltration rates and saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased with increasing gangue content. The Peck–Watson equation modeled these relationships well, but Bouwer–Rice equations provided poorer matches with the acquired data. Cumulative infiltration over time was described well by both the Philip equation and Kostiakov equation. Both the simplified convection–dispersion equation and a two‐region model described the solute transport processes well. In addition, the dispersion increased, while both the Peclet number and mobile water fraction decreased, with increases in gangue contents.
Auditory hallucinations: a review of assessment tools
Authors: Ratcliff Kirk , Farhall John , Shawyer Frances 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAuditory hallucinations are a common and troubling symptom in psychotic disorders. We aimed to identify measures that could be used by clinicians and researchers to assess the experience of auditory hallucinations. A literature review was conducted to identify auditory hallucination measures that were developed since the last such review in 1998. We identified 10 tools: eight self‐report measures and two clinical interviews. The scales measured diverse constructs and are divided into four categories for review: multidimensional assessment, coping strategies, rating of beliefs and acceptance or mindfulness. Evidence of the measures' reliability, validity and sensitivity to change are discussed. There has been an expansion in the range of instruments available, particularly in self‐report questionnaires and in measures that focus on psychological aspects such as attitudes and beliefs regarding voices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• A wide variety of measures of auditory hallucinations has been developed in recent years.• The majority of measures reviewed here are relevant to psychological therapies.• This paper provides a resource to help practitioners select appropriate measures to assess auditory hallucinations and their sequalae.
Gsk3β is required in the epithelium for palatal elevation in mice
Authors: He Fenglei , Popkie Anthony P. , Xiong Wei , Li Lu , Wang Ying , Phiel Christopher J. , Chen Yiping 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, Gsk3β functions to facilitate β‐catenin degradation. Inactivation of Gsk3β in mice causes a cleft palate formation, suggesting an involvement of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling during palatogenesis. In this study, we have investigated the expression pattern, tissue‐specific requirement and function of Gsk3β during mouse palatogenesis. We showed that Gsk3β is primarily expressed in the palatal epithelium, particularly in the medial edge epithelium overlapping with β‐catenin. Tissue‐specific gene inactivation studies demonstrated an essential role for Gsk3β in the epithelium for palate elevation, and disruption of which contributes to cleft palate phenotype in Gsk3β mutant. We observed that expression of Aixn2, a direct target gene of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, is ectopically activated in the mutant tongue, but not in the palate. Our results indicate that Gsk3β is an intrinsic regulator required in the epithelium for palate elevation, and could act through a pathway independent of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling to regulate palate development. Developmental Dynamics 239:3235–3246, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ferrocene‐Containing Coordination Polymers: Ligand Design and Assembled Structures
Authors: Horikoshi Ryo , Mochida Tomoyuki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis review describes the preparation and structures of ferrocene‐containing coordination polymers with a focus on ligand design. Neutral ligands such as heteroaryl ferrocenes and anionic ligands such as ferrocenyl carboxylates can be used to construct one‐dimensional coordination polymers of various structural types. The main‐chain and side‐chain polymer structures are designed, and the conformational flexibility of ferrocenes leads to structural variety. The use of additional bridging ligands along with the anionic ligands leads to extended one‐ to three‐dimensional structures. These complexes exhibit various properties, including characteristic redox activities.
New Cluster–Polyoxometalate Hybrids Derived from the Incorporation of {Mo3S4} and {Mo3CuS4} Units into {EW15} Cores (E = AsIII, SbIII, TeIV)
Authors: Sokolov Maxim N. , Peresypkina Eugenia V. , Kalinina Irina V. , Virovets Alexander V. , Korenev Vladimir S. , Fedin Vladimir P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new family of hybrid chalcogenide cluster‐incorporated polyoxometalates (POMs) have been prepared in which the POM standard building block {W3O4}10+ is replaced by topologically similar chalcogenide cluster fragments {Mo3S4}4+, {Mo3S2O2}4+, and {Mo3CuS4}5+ with M–M bonds. The family includes [EW15Mo3S4(H2O)3O53]9– (E = As, Sb), [TeW15Mo3S4(H2O)3O53]8–, and [AsW15Mo3O2S2(H2O)3O53]9–. The built‐in sulfide ligands represent a new center of coordination for “soft” metal ions: [AsW15Mo3S4(H2O)3O53]9– reacted with Cu+ to form a new heterometal derivative [AsW15Mo3(CuCl)S4(H2O)3O53]9–. Crystal structures of Cs6.5K(NH4)1.5[{Mo3S4(H2O)3}AsW15O53]·14H2O (1), Cs5.85Na3.15[{Mo3S4(H2O)3}SbW15O53]·14.85H2O (2), Cs6Na2[{Mo3S4(H2O)3}TeW15O53]·11.7H2O (3), Cs7.15Na1.85[{Mo3S4(H2O)2Cl}TeW15O53]·11.2H2O (4), Cs6(H3O)3[{Mo3O2S2(H2O)3}AsW15O53]·9.85H2O (5), and Cs5.25K1.75(NH4)2[{Mo3S4(H2O)3CuCl}AsW15O53]·12.07H2O (6) were determined. The highly charged isolated anions in 1–6 are arranged in one of the two well‐known topological types – fcc motif. The cations and hydrate water molecules are severely disordered over thevoids between the anions. The anions in 1–4 are involved in specific nonvalent S···S interactions with S–S distances of 2.95–3.68 Å.
Synthesis and Reactivity of the Phospha‐Grignard Reagent Mg(P{SiMe3}2)Br(thf)
Authors: Day Benjamin M. , Coles Martyn P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe novel phospha‐Grignard reagent Mg(PR′2)X(thf) [R′ = SiMe3, X = Br (1)/Me (1′)] was synthesized and structurally characterized as the phosphide‐bridged dimer [1]2. The potential for this compound to behave as a redox‐friendly phosphide transfer reagent was probed by its reaction with group 4 metallocene compounds Cp2MCl2 (M = Ti, Zr), resulting in phosphide transfer to zirconium, but reduction of the titanium centre to TiIII.
Efficient Synthesis of Nicotianamine and Non‐Natural Analogues
Authors: Bouazaoui M'barek , Larrouy Manuel , Martinez Jean , Cavelier Florine 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of nicotianamine has been achieved by using a new strategy based on N‐alkylation. Sulfonamide activation proved to be necessary for the alkylation of the primary amine and the 2‐(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonyl group was easily introduced and found to provide the best compromise for the N‐alkylation and deprotection reactions. This new strategy enabled the preparation of several unnatural analogues including original molecules that will be useful as tools for plant physiology studies.
A Tandem Michael–SN2‐Mediated General Route to Six‐Membered Heterocycles and Carbocycles
Authors: Atta Ananta Kumar , Pathak Tanmaya 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA powerful, flexible, and stereoselective general strategy for the construction of chirally pure six‐membered heterocycles and carbocycles by utilizing a tandem Michael–SN2 sequence is described. The strategy avoids the tedious synthesis of separate starting materials prior to cyclization. The expedient and general strategy, which is virtually untapped until now, will enrich the arsenal of synthetic chemists for the preparation of cyclic compounds.
Studies with 2‐(acetonylthio)benzothiazole: Novel synthesis of pyridazin‐6(1H)‐one, pyridazin‐6(1H)‐imine, and phthalazine derivatives of antimicrobial and antifungal activities
Authors: Al‐Omran Fatima A. , El‐Khair Adel A. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract A novel series of (Z)‐1‐(arylhydrazono)‐1‐(benzothiazol‐2′‐ylthio)propan‐2‐ones have been prepared and their utility as building blocks in the synthesis of novel derivatives of Pyridazin‐6(1H)‐ones, pyridazin‐6(1H)‐imines, and phthalazine incorporating a benzothiazole residue are investigated. All of the title compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, NOE, and mass spectrometry. The synthesized compounds are screened for their antibacterial as well as antifungal activity. All the tested compounds showed high to moderate activity against the selected microorganisms. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Prevention of complications following pelvic exenteration with the use of mammary implants in the pelvic cavity: Technique and results of 28 cases
Authors: Valle Mario , Federici Orietta , Ialongo Pasquale , Graziano Franco , Garofalo Alfredo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundWith the evolution of neo‐adjuvant therapy and the introduction of peritonectomy with chemotherapy in surgical practice, pelvic exenteration has taken second place in the treatment of advanced pelvic tumors. This surgery remains the first of choice for the treatment of T4 superior and medium rectal tumors that are not susceptible to neo‐adjuvant radiochemotherapy, for uterine tumors and cervical FIGO IV T4, for pelvic recurrence and for T4 bladder tumors. After a pelvic exenteration the pelvic cavity becomes occupied by the intestinal loops, causing an increase in the risk of short and long‐term complications such as radiation enteritis in the case of post‐operative radiotherapy, occlusions, and enteric fistulas that could be avoided by isolating the small intestine in the pelvic cavity.MethodsWith this aim we positioned a mammary prosthesis (implant) in the cavity of the last 28 cases we treated, and did not observe complications related to the prosthetic implant.ResultsNo early or delayed complications, such as occlusions or fistulas, were observed. All the patients treated underwent adjuvant radiotherapy with no evidence of radiation enteritis. Ten patients were recanalized with removal of the implant, ultra‐low rectal anastomosis was performed in six cases and colo‐anal anastomosis was performed in four cases. Eight patients were not recanalized, six distance due to recurrence and two local recurrence. Nine patients are currently in follow‐up, disease free between 1 and 12 months.ConclusionsWe retain the encouraging results observed that the use of mammary implants in the pelvic cavity after pelvic exenteration should be part of the cultural patrimony of the surgeon who approaches this type of major radical surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:34–38. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A boundary variational inequality approach to unilateral contact problems with friction for micropolar hemitropic solids
Authors: Gachechiladze A. , Gachechiladze R. , Gwinner J. , Natroshvili D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe investigate unilateral contact problems for micropolar hemitropic elastic solids. Our study includes Tresca friction (given friction model) along some parts of the boundary of the body. We equivalently reduce these problems to boundary variational inequalities with the help of the Steklov–Poincaré type operator. Based on our boundary variational inequality approach we prove existence and uniqueness theorems for weak solutions. We prove that the solutions continuously depend on the data of the original problem and on the friction coefficient. We treat also the case, when the body is not fixed, but only submitted to force and couple stress vectors along some parts of the boundary and is in unilateral frictional contact with a rigid foundation. In this situation we present necessary and sufficient conditions of solvability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adherence and occurrence of fractures after switching to once‐monthly oral bisphophonates
Authors: Briesacher Becky A. , Andrade Susan E. , Harrold Leslie R. , Fouayzi Hassan , Yood Robert A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPurposeReducing dosing demands of medications generally increases adherence, although this relationship has not been demonstrated with the once‐monthly oral bisphosphonates (BP). The study aim is to test whether switching from once‐weekly BPs to once‐monthly BPs improves adherence and fracture risk.MethodsThis is an interrupted times‐series analysis of new users of once‐weekly BPs in a nationwide administrative health database from 2003 to 2007. Participants include 1835 individuals who switched to once‐monthly BPs and two propensity‐matched comparator groups: 1835 individuals who switched to a different once‐weekly BP, and 1835 who did not switch. We measured changes in adequate adherence pre‐ and post‐switch as monthly medication possession ratio >0.80, and calculated incidence rate ratios (IRR) of osteoporotic fractures.ResultsAll study groups experienced major adherence failure in the first year of therapy: the proportion of adequate adherers was 42% among once‐monthly switchers, 47% among once‐weekly switchers, and 37% among nonswitchers. However, the once‐monthly switch was associated with less adherence failure (4% fewer adherers per month pre‐switch vs. 1% fewer adherers per month post‐switch, p < 0.000). There was no statistically significant change in adherence rates for the other groups. We did not detect significantly reduced fracture risk with once‐monthly switch: 1 year post‐switch, the fracture incidence risk ratios for once‐monthly switchers relative to once‐weekly switchers were IRR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.50–1.36, and IRR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.54–1.49, relative to nonswitchers).ConclusionsReducing the dosing demands of oral bisphosphonates from once‐weekly to once‐monthly decreased adherence failure but had an uncertain impact on fracture risk. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geheime Nachrichten und schnelle Rechner. Quanteninformationstheorie Teil 2: Anwendungen
Authors: Duhme Jörg , Franz Torsten , Schmidt Sönke , Werner Reinhard F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractQuantenkryptographie und Quantencomputer sind zwei Forschungsgebiete der Quanteninformationstechnologie. Die Quantenkryptographie erzeugt Schlüssel, deren Geheimhaltung durch die Quantenmechanik garantiert wird. Erste kommerzielle Realisierungen sind erhältlich. Dagegen ist der Quantencomputer noch weit von der Verwirklichung entfernt, auch wenn die Grundbausteine bereits realisiert wurden. Theoretisch ist erwiesen, dass er manche Probleme wesentlich effizienter als klassische Computer lösen könnte. Das bekannteste Beispiel ist der Shor‐Algorithmus zur Primfaktorzerlegung, womit aktuelle kryptographische Systeme geknackt würden. Gute Chancen als erste praktische Anwendung haben Quantenrechner, die das Verhalten komplexer Quantensysteme simulieren.
Aufbruch in höhere Dimensionen. Zum 125. Jahrestag von Theodor Kaluza (1885–1954)
Authors: Wuensch Daniela 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTheodor Kaluza schuf vier originelle physikalische Theorien, darunter 1919 seine Vereinheitlichung der Gravitation und des Elektromagnetismus. In einer Zylinderwelt mit fünf Dimensionen existiert demnach eine einzige gravitationsartige Kraft, die sich in unserem vierdimensionalen Raum in die Einsteinsche Gravitation und die Maxwellsche elektromagnetische Kraft spaltet. Oskar Klein verband 1926 Kaluzas Theorie mit der Quantenmechanik, indem er die fünfte Dimension kompaktifizierte. Trotz der Bewunderung, die Einstein Kaluzas Theorie entgegenbrachte, wurde ihre physikalische Bedeutung erst in den 1960er Jahren erkannt. Sie bildet heute in der Superstring‐ und M‐Theorie das Vereinheitlichungsmodell aller vier Naturkräfte in einem elfdimensionalen Raum.
Bestätigung für Bornsche Regel
Authors: Weihs Gregor , Jennewein Thomas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIm Jahre 1926 begründete Max Born die Wahrscheinlichkeitsinterpretation der Quantenmechanik. Er erkannte, dass das Quadrat der Wellenfunktionsamplitude eines quantenmechanischen Teilchens oder Photons dessen Aufenthaltswahrscheinlichkeit angibt. Der berühmte Doppelspaltversuch ist eine direkte Konsequenz daraus. Die Bornsche Regel besagt, dass Interferenz immer von zwei Wegen herrührt. Bislang wurde nie nachgeprüft, ob es nicht auch Interferenz über mehr als zwei Wege gibt, was eine schwere Verletzung der Quantenmechanik wäre. Unsere Gruppe in Kanada konnte nun eine Dreiwege‐Interferenz mit gewisser Genauigkeit ausschließen.
Verwinkelte Quantenkorrelationen
Authors: Franke‐Arnold Sonja 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEine der überraschendsten Erscheinungen in der Quantenphysik ist die Verschränkung von zwei Teilchen. Vor 75 Jahren wiesen Einstein und seine Kollegen Podolsky und Rosen mit einem Gedankenexperiment auf dieses Phänomen hin. Das EPR‐Paradoxon zeigt, dass Quantenmechanik gegen die Grundannahmen jeder klassischen Theorie verstößt: Lokalität und Realität. Mittlerweile wird Verschränkung in vielen Grundlagenversuchen untersucht und ermöglicht Anwendungen in der Quanteninformation. An der Universität Glasgow haben wir zusammen mit Forschern aus Strathclyde und Rochester erstmals äquivalente Korrelationen zwischen Drehwinkel und Drehimpuls von Photonen nachgewiesen.
Blut ist ein ganz besonderer Saft
Authors: Rolfs Claus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDer Blutkreislauf sichert das Überleben eines Organismus. Er versorgt die Lungen mit Sauerstoff und führt Kohlendioxid ab. Nährstoffe und Abbauprodukte werden transportiert, Botenstoffe wie Hormone gelangen an ihre Aktionsstätten im Körper. So kompliziert der Blutkreislauf auch ist, mit einfachen physikalischen Gesetzen lässt er sich ganz gut beschreiben.
Käseballons dank Proteinelastizität
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractManche fettarme Käseprodukte erinnern eher an ein Stück Radiergummi. Der Grund dafür liegt in den elastischen Eigenschaften der polymeren Netzwerke, die von Milchproteinen gebildet werden. Diese lassen sich kulinarisch nützen, etwa in luftigen “Käseballons”, die an Kaugummiblasen erinnern.
Restrained expression, a method to overproduce toxic membrane proteins by exploiting operator–repressor interactions
Authors: Narayanan Anoop , Ridilla Marc , Yernool Dinesh A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA major rate‐limiting step in determining structures of membrane proteins is heterologous protein production. Toxicity often associated with rapid overexpression results in reduced biomass along with low yields of target protein. Mitigation of toxic effects was achieved using a method we call “restrained expression,” a controlled reduction in the frequency of transcription initiation by exploiting the infrequent transitions of Lac repressor to a free state from its complex with the lac‐operator site within a T7lac promoter that occur in the absence of the inducer isopropyl β‐D‐1‐thiogalactopyranoside. In addition, production of the T7 RNA polymerase that drives transcription of the target is limited using the tightly regulated arabinose promoter in Escherichia coli strain BL21‐AI. Using this approach, we can achieve a 200‐fold range of green fluorescent protein expression levels. Application to members of a family of ion pumps results in 5‐ to 25‐fold increases in expression over the benchmark BL21(DE3) host strain. A viral ion channel highly toxic to E. coli can also be overexpressed. In comparative analyses, restrained expression outperforms commonly used E. coli expression strategies. The mechanism underlying improved target protein yield arises from minimization of protein aggregation and proteolysis that reduce membrane integrity and cell viability. This study establishes a method to overexpress toxic proteins.
Spin‐coated organic ferroelectric films for non‐volatile memories
Authors: Müller Klaus , Henkel Karsten , Mandal Dipankar , Seime Bernd , Paloumpa Ioanna , Schmeißer Dieter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFor low cost memory devices like ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) or cross bar arrays, organic materials are important, due to their processability from solutions at room temperature. The copolymer Poly[vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene] (P[VDF/TrFE]) is a candidate for a possible application as a ferroelectric component in such structures. In order to improve the performance of FeFETs with P[VDF/TrFE], we investigate metal–ferroelectric–insulator–semiconductor (MFIS) capacitors. Implementing a method proposed by Miller and McWorther, we simulate the capacitance‐voltage (C–V) characteristics of MFIS stacks and the hysteresis due to the ferroelectric switching of the copolymer. We vary the parameters thickness and permittivity of the insulator as well as the as the thickness of the ferroelectric layer and predict in that way conditions where a saturation of the polarization can be reached. We also report on retention and cycle endurance measurements. Furthermore, we show measurements of the dipole alignment of ultrathin ferroelectric copolymer films, down to 10 nm thickness. No ferroelectric threshold was found, even for this thickness, if an adapted system of electrodes is used. Here, we introduce the near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) method as a new tool for the characterization of ferroelectric dipole switching.