bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF NEW DRUGS IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
Authors: Robak Tadeusz 
Published: May 2010

Over the last few years, several new agents have been under evaluation in preclinical studies as well as in early clinical trials, and have shown promise in treating CLL. These treatments include new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), immunomodulating agents, novel purine nucleoside analogs, Bcl-2 inhibitors and other agents. The most promising are a new mAbs targeted CD20 molecule or CD23, anti-CD40 mAbs and anti-CD37 antibody. Oblimersen , flavopiridol, and lenalidomide are also being evaluated both in pre-clinical studies and in early clinical trials. However, available therapies are only partially efficient and there is an obvious need to develop better strategies and new, more specific and active drugs
The impact of social motivation on cooperative learning and assessment preferences
Authors: Selvarajah Christopher , Chelliah John , Meyer Denny , Pio Edwina , Anurit Pacapol 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study explores the assessment preferences of 453 postgraduate business students in New Zealand, Australia, and Thailand using a survey linking motivational and educational preferences. This study compares the needs of Western students (Australian and New Zealand), Asian (Thai) and international students (predominantly Chinese and Indian students) in Australia and New Zealand (ANZAC). One major finding is that students from these three countries who are socially motivated prefer ‘cooperative learning’. Further, the study specifically shows that students from Thailand are more socially motivated than students from Australia and New Zealand (ANZAC) while International ANZAC students have the greatest desire for cooperative learning. It also shows that group assessment poses quite significant challenges for local ANZAC students and therefore, remedial intervention from universities is essential if group assessments are to remain relevant and useful in achieving meaningful teaching and learning outcomes.
Personality trait inferences about organizations and organizational attraction: An organizational-level analysis based on a multi-cultural sample
Authors: Anderson Marc H , Haar Jarrod , Gibb Jenny 
Published: May 2010

AbstractResearch has shown that people make inferences about the personality traits organizations possess, and that these inferences affect their perceptions of organizational attraction. The nature of the relationship between personality trait inferences and organizational attraction is unclear, however, as the results of prior studies have been somewhat inconsistent, have had several distinct limitations, and have only been conducted using US samples. We present new evidence regarding the nature of this relationship, with data on a much larger number of firms, using a multi-cultural sample. Our exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses find a seven-factor structure of personality trait inferences that includes the five factors identified by previous researchers, suggesting that while the five factors have some generalizability outside the US, there may also be important differences. Our results also provide additional support that personality trait inferences are related to perceptions of organizational attraction.
Understanding and responding to the climate change issue: Towards a whole-of-science research agenda
Authors: Härtel Charmine EJ , Pearman Graeme I 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMuch of human behavior and the very fabric of our economies and culture relate to the nature of our climate, its regularity/variability and severity. Climate change should therefore be a central field of inquiry in the social, behavioral and organizational sciences generally. This is especially so given that much of the observed and current climate change is attributed with a high degree of confidence to human activities and further change is anticipated. Whilst historically biophysical research has tended to dominate attention to the climate-change issue, there is an emerging literature examining laypeople's environment-related knowledge structures and the changes in attitudes, beliefs and behaviors required to effectively implement responses to the issues raised by the physical sciences. However, there are limitations in this literature, particularly regarding how scientists themselves engage with and capture emerging knowledge related to the issue. Although there is a broad consensus that the environmental problems we are experiencing are essentially social, organizational and behavioral problems, insufficient attention has been given to the issue of how to cultivate a cross disciplinary approach to address what is a complex and systemic problem (Cash et al., 2006). This article seeks to bring that issue into focus and offers a whole-of-science agenda for climate-change related research. It is essential that social, behavioral and organizational scientists accept greater responsibility for helping to address and facilitate the social, attitudinal, behavioral and management changes required to ameliorate and respond to the environmental deterioration identified by research in the physical sciences. The need for further and ongoing multi-disciplinary and international research is both necessary and pressing. Moreover, it is an ethical and practical responsibility that individuals of all scientific persuasions cannot afford to shirk.
The trend of mean BMI values of US adults, birth cohorts 1882–1986 indicates that the obesity epidemic began earlier than hitherto thought
Authors: Komlos John , Brabec Marek 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground:The trend in the body mass index (BMI) values of the US population has not been estimated accurately because the time series data are unavailable and the focus has been on calculating period effects.Objectives:To estimate the trend and rate of change of BMI values by birth cohorts stratified by gender and ethnicity born 1882–1986.Methods:We use loess additive regression models to estimate age and trend effects of BMI values of US‐born black and white adults measured between 1959 and 2006. We use all the National Health Examination Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.Results:The increase in BMI was already underway among the birth cohorts of the early 20th century. The rate of increase was fastest among black females; for the three other groups under consideration, the rates of increase were similar. The generally persistent upward trend was punctuated by upsurges, particularly after each of the two world wars. The estimated rate of change of BMI values increased by 71% among black females between the birth cohorts 1955 and those of 1965 is indicative of the rapid increases in their weight.Conclusions:We infer that transition to postindustrial weights was a gradual process and began considerably earlier than hitherto supposed. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:631–638, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, structure and biological activity of diorganotin derivatives with pyridyl functionalized bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methanes
Authors: Li Fang‐Lin , Song Hai‐Bin , Dai Bin , Tang Liang‐Fu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThree pyridyl functionalized bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methanes, namely 2‐[(4‐pyridyl)methoxyphenyl] bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (L1), 2‐[(4‐pyridyl)methoxyphenyl]bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (L2) and 2‐[(3‐pyridyl)methoxyphenyl]bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (L3) have been synthesized by the reactions of (2‐hydroxyphenyl)bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methanes with chloromethylpyridine. Treatment of these three ligands with R2SnCl2 (R = Et, n‐Bu or Ph) yields a series of symmetric 2:1 adducts of (L)2SnR2Cl2 (L = L1, L2 or L3), which have been confirmed by elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structures of (L2)2Sn(n‐Bu)2Cl2·0.5C6H14 and (L3)2SnEt2Cl2 determined by X‐ray crystallography show that the functionalized bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane acts as a monodentate ligand through the pyridyl nitrogen atom, and the pyrazolyl nitrogen atoms do not coordinate to the tin atom. The cytotoxic activity of these complexes for Hela cells in vitro was tested. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and cytotoxicity studies of novel anion‐exchanged Titanocene Y derivatives
Authors: Claffey James , Deally Anthony , Gleeson Brendan , Patil Siddappa , Tacke Matthias 
Published: May 2010

AbstractStarting from the potential anticancer drug candidate Titanocene Y {bis‐[(4‐methoxybenzyl)cyclopentadienyl]titanium(IV) dichloride}, anion exchange experiments were performed using silver malonate (1a) or silver cyclobutane‐1,1‐malonate (1b) in order to yield bis‐[(4‐methoxy‐benzyl)cyclopentadienyl] titanium(IV) malonate (2a) and bis‐[(4‐methoxy‐benzyl)cyclopentadienyl] titanium(IV) cyclobutane‐1,1‐malonate (2b). In addition, Titanocene Y was reacted with salicylic acid (3a) or 3,5‐dinitro‐salicylic acid (3b) in the presence of diethylamine to synthesize bis‐[(4‐methoxy‐benzyl)cyclopentadienyl] titanium(IV) salicylate (4a) or bis‐[(4‐methoxy‐benzyl)cyclopentadienyl] titanium(IV) 3,5‐dinitro‐salicylate (4b). These titanocenes had their cytotoxicity investigated through preliminary in vitro testing on the LLC‐PK (pig kidney epithelial) cell line in an MTT‐based assay in order to determine their IC50 values. Titanocenes 2a–b and 4a were found to have IC50 values of 74 ( ± 13) µM, 18 ( ± 5) µM and 49 ( ± 11) µM on the LLC‐PK cell line, while compound 4b was found to have lost all its cytotoxic activity on this cell line. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of gamma irradiation on the thermal and dyeing properties of blends based on waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends
Authors: Razek Taha M. A. , Said Hossam M. , Khafaga Mervat R. , M. El‐Naggar Abdel Wahab 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe effect of gamma irradiation on the properties of virgin, waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and their blends was characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The dye affinity for disperse dyes of the different PET polymers, before and after gamma irradiation was also studied. The results showed that the thermal stability of virgin, waste PET, and their blends was improved after gamma irradiation. The dye affinity for the disperse dye in terms of color intensity was improved after the exposure to gamma irradiation. The dye ability with disperse dye, in terms of color intensity (ΔE*), for virgin/waste PET (80/20%) blend, as an example, was improved by ∼ 53 and 98% after the exposure to doses 30 and 50 kGy of gamma irradiation, respectively. In conclusion, the modification of waste PET or its blends with virgin PET by gamma irradiation may provide a practical method for the recycling to obtain useful products. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Surface functionalization of wool using 172 nm UV excimer lamp
Authors: Gupta Deepti , Basak Shantanu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWool is an important natural fiber having a complex surface structure which makes it difficult to dye and process it. It has a hydrophobic surface due to the presence of disulphide cystine crosslinks and a layer of fatty acids on the fiber surface. Conventional chemical treatments used to improve the hydrophilicity of wool often have an adverse effect on the feel and handle of this fiber. In this study, effect of monochromatic UV excimer radiation of 172 nm on the performance properties such as wetting, surface chemistry and surface morphology of wool has been studied. Irradiation reduces the wetting time of wool nearly by a factor of 10, even after a short exposure time of 1 minute, irrespective of the atmosphere used. Wetting time continues to decrease with increasing time of exposure and at 15 min of exposure, the absorption becomes instant. However, no significant change was observed in the ATR spectra of treated and untreated samples. SEM images show ablation and etching of the surface. The well defined scaly contour is not seen and there are deep striations on the surface of samples treated in nitrogen atmosphere. In case of samples exposed in O2 atmosphere, micropores can be seen on the surface. Samples treated in nitrogen atmosphere for 15 min show nearly 100% exhaustion of acid dye as compared to 73% for untreated samples after 20 min of dyeing. Treated wool shows increased saturation dye uptake as well as improved rate of dyeing. Since these changes are restricted to surface and do not affect the bulk properties, these findings can have a significant effect on the commercial dyeing and finishing procedures used for wool and can be used to design cleaner and more efficient processes in future. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and properties of the single‐walled carbon nanotube/cellulose nanocomposites using N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide monohydrate
Authors: Kim Dong‐Hun , Park Soo‐Young , Kim Junkyung , Park Min 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)/cellulose nanocomposite films were prepared using N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide (NMMO) monohydrate as a dispersing agent for the acid‐treated SWNTs (A‐SWNTs) as well as a cellulose solvent. The A‐SWNTs were dispersed in both NMMO monohydrate and the nanocomposite film (as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy) because of the strong hydrogen bonds of the A‐SWNTs with NMMO and cellulose. The mechanical properties, thermal properties, and electric conductivity of the nanocomposite films were improved by adding a small amount of the A‐SWNTs to the cellulose. For example, by adding 1 wt % of the A‐SWNTs to the cellulose, tensile strain at break point, Young's modulus, and toughness increased ∼ 5.4, ∼ 2.2, and ∼ 6 times, respectively, the degradation temperature increased to 9°C as compared with those of the pure cellulose film, and the electric conductivities at ϕ (the wt % of A‐SWNTs in the composite) = 1 and 9 were 4.97 × 10−4 and 3.74 × 10−2 S/cm, respectively. Thus, the A‐SWNT/cellulose nanocomposites are a promising material and can be used for many applications, such as toughened Lyocell fibers, transparent electrodes, and soforth. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Thermo‐mechanical analysis of lead monoxide filled unsaturated polyester based polymer composite radiation shields
Authors: Harish V. , Nagaiah N. , Prabhu T. Niranjana , Varughese K. T. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractParticulate polymer composites of Isophthalate based unsaturated polyester resin filled with different concentrations of lead monoxide were prepared and investigated for physical, thermal, mechanical, and gamma radiation shielding characteristics. The results of thermo‐mechanical studies have been discussed in this article. The composites were investigated to understand the effect of filler on glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal expansion coefficients (α) at various temperatures under cyclic heating and cooling conditions. The results show thatTgvalues of composites appear to decrease slightly with increasing filler content. The composites were observed to exhibit three phases of thermal expansion during first heating and cooling cycles where as they exhibit only two phases during second heating cycle. An anomalous expansion of the composites was observed in the temperature range from 60°C to 110°C only during first heating and it disappears in subsequent heating cycles. Further, all the composites were observed to exhibit a dimensional contraction only during first heating and cooling cycles. The cyclic heating and cooling technique using thermo‐mechanical analyzer was observed to be very efficient in determining actual values ofTgand also in determining the post curing temperatures of the polymer and its composites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and properties of the phenolic foams with controllable nanometer pore structure
Authors: Lei Shiwen , Guo Quangui , Zhang Dongqing , Shi Jingli , Liu Lang , Wei Xinghai 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPhenolic foam with nanometer pore structure and high strength was prepared by using a novel foaming method of phenol–formaldehyde novolac resin solution under pressure. Pore structure and the effects of pressure and resin concentration on it were investigated. Results showed that the mean pore size decreases from 800 to 30 nm with the increase of resin concentration from 0.08 to 0.36 g/mL. The pressure has a great effect on the pore structure and an optimal range (2.0–4.0 MPa) at which the pore size is small in level of nanometer and has a good distribution. The nanometer pore structure resulted in significant improvement of compressive strength and thermal insulation properties of phenolic foam. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis of poly‐N‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)methacrylamide: Characterization, complexation, and bioactivity
Authors: Elassar Abdel‐Zaher A. , Sughayer Abdul Hakeem Al , Sagheer Fakhreia Al 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCu(II) complexes with N‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)methacrylamide (NTM) and its polymer PNTM have been synthesized. The ligands (NTM and PNTM) and their Cu(II) complexes have been characterized by FTIR and 1H‐NMR. EDX was performed to know the elemental composition and X‐ray powder diffractometry (XRD) analysis was applied to detect the crystallinity of the complexes. The morphology of these complexes was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and proves that the monomer complexes have a strongly crystalline structure compared with the polymer complexes, which show that it is only weakly crystalline. These results from SEM are in agreement with results obtained from XRD. Thermal properties of the ligands and their complexes have been studied by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The activity of the ligands and their complexes has been screened against S. aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas, and Candida albicans. The synthesized compounds have shown good affinity as antibacterial and antifungal agents, which increased on complexation with Cu(II) ion. The results of these studies show the Cu(II) complexes to be more thermal stable as compared with NTM and PNTM. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(urethane‐imide)/epoxy/silica hybrids
Authors: Liu Pinggui , Zhang Qingfang , He Lihua , Xie Qingji , Ding Heyan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractImproving properties of polyurethane (PU) elastomers have drawn much attention. To extend the properties of the modified PU composite, here a new method via the reaction of poly(urethane‐imide) diacid (PUI) and silane‐modified epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A) was developed to prepare crosslinked poly (urethane‐ imide)/epoxy/silica (PUI/epoxy/SiO2) hybrids with enhanced thermal stability. PUI was synthesized from the reaction of trimellitic anhydride with isocyanate‐terminated PU prepolymer, which was prepared from reaction of polytetramethylene ether glycol and 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Thermal and mechanical properties of the PUI/epoxy/SiO2 hybrids were investigated to study the effect of incorporating in situ SiO2 from silane‐modified epoxy resin. All experimental data indicated that the properties of PUI/epoxy/SiO2 hybrids, such as thermal stability, mechanical properties, were improved due to the existence of epoxy resin and SiO2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Randomized clinical trial of VNUS® ClosureFAST™ radiofrequency ablation versus laser for varicose veins
Authors: Shepherd A C , Gohel M S , Brown L C , Metcalfe M J , Hamish M , Davies A H 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Background
Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are both associated with excellent technical, clinical and patient-reported outcomes for the treatment of varicose veins. The aim of this study was to compare the techniques in a randomized clinical trial.

Methods
Consecutive patients with primary great saphenous vein reflux were randomized to EVLA (980 nm) or RFA (VNUS® ClosureFAST™) at a single centre. The primary outcome measure was postprocedural pain after 3 days. Secondary outcome measures were quality of life at 6 weeks, determined by the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ) and Short Form 12 (SF-12®), and clinical improvement assessed by the Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS). Analyses were performed on the basis of intention to treat using multivariable linear regression.

Results
Some 131 patients were randomized to EVLA (64 patients) or RFA (67). Mean(s.d.) pain scores over 3 days were 26·4(22·1) mm for RFA and 36·8(22·5) mm for EVLA (P = 0·010). Over 10 days, mean(s.d.) pain scores were 22·0(19·8) mm versus 34·3(21·1) mm for RFA and EVLA respectively (P = 0·001). The mean(s.d.) number of analgesic tablets used was lower for RFA than for EVLA over 3 days (8·8(9·5) versus 14·2(10·7); P = 0·003) and 10 days (20·4(22·6) versus 35·9(29·4) respectively; P = 0·001). Changes in AVVQ, SF-12® and VCSS scores at 6 weeks were similar in the two groups: AVVQ (P = 0·887), VCSS (P = 0·993), SF-12® physical component score (P = 0·276) and mental component score (P = 0·449).

Conclusion
RFA using VNUS® ClosureFAST™ was associated with less postprocedural pain than EVLA. However, clinical and quality-of-life improvements were similar after 6 weeks for the two treatments. Registration number: ISRCTN66818013 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Impact of portal vein embolization on long-term survival of patients with primarily unresectable colorectal liver metastases (Br J Surg 2010; 97: 240–250)
Authors: Jamdar S , Jegatheeswaran S , Bandara A , Sheen A J , Siriwardena A K 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Nanostructured Praseodymium Oxide: Correlation Between Phase Transitions and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Sonström Patrick , Birkenstock Johannes , Borchert Yulia , Schilinsky Laura , Behrend Peter , Gries Katharina , Müller Knut , Rosenauer Andreas , Bäumer Marcus 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPraseodymia gives rise to a rich phase diagram with a large number of phases between the limiting stoichiometries Pr2O3and PrO2that differ only slightly in oxygen content (PrnO2n−2). This chemical and crystallographic variability allows the system to release or incorporate lattice oxygen easily at sufficiently high temperatures and thus renders the material interesting as a catalyst for redox reactions according to a Mars–van Krevelen mechanism. Nanostructured praseodymia samples are investigated in this study with respect to their catalytic properties, focusing on methane oxidation and selective NO reduction by CO and CH4. To correlate catalytic activity and crystallographic changes, complementary high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction measurements have been carried out. The determined temperatures of transitions between different oxide phases agree well with peaks in the temperature‐programmed reduction measurements, confirming the direct connection between the availability of lattice oxygen and crystallographic transformations. The catalytic activity for methane oxidation and NO reduction sets in at 450–500 °C, at which temperature the starting material—mainly Pr6O11—transforms into the next oxygen‐depleted phase Pr7O12. With respect to NO reduction, the results show that it is possible to employ both methane and carbon monoxide as reducing agents in the absence of oxygen, in agreement with a Mars–van Krevelen mechanism. Nevertheless, the use of CO instead of CH4offers considerable advantages, as no deactivation due to carbon residues takes place in this case. Whereas, in an excess of oxygen, NO reduction is inhibited independently of the reducing agent, it is shown that NO reduction can proceed if the O2concentration remains below a critical concentration.