bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiographic correlates of hallux valgus severity in older people
Authors: D'Arcangelo Paul R , Landorf Karl B , Munteanu Shannon E , Zammit Gerard V , Menz Hylton B 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe severity of hallux valgus is easily appreciated by its clinical appearance, however x‐ray measurements are also frequently used to evaluate the condition, particularly if surgery is being considered. There have been few large studies that have assessed the validity of these x‐ray observations across a wide spectrum of the deformity. In addition, no studies have specifically focused on older people where the progression of the disorder has largely ceased. Therefore, this study aimed to explore relationships between relevant x‐ray observations with respect to hallux valgus severity in older people.MethodsThis study utilised 402 x‐rays of 201 participants (74 men and 127 women) aged 65 to 94 years. All participants were graded using the Manchester Scale ‐ a simple, validated system to grade the severity of hallux valgus ‐ prior to radiographic assessment. A total of 19 hallux valgus‐related x‐ray observations were performed on each set of x‐rays. These measurements were then correlated with the Manchester Scale scores.ResultsStrong, positive correlations were identified between the severity of hallux valgus and the hallux abductus angle, the proximal articular set angle, the sesamoid position and congruency of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. As hallux valgus severity increased, so did the frequency of radiographic osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and a round first metatarsal head. A strong linear relationship between increased relative length of the first metatarsal and increased severity of hallux valgus was also observed.ConclusionsStrong associations are evident between the clinical appearance of hallux valgus and a number of hallux valgus‐related x‐ray observations indicative of structural deformity and joint degeneration. As it is unlikely that metatarsal length increases as a result of hallux valgus deformity, increased length of the first metatarsal relative to the second metatarsal may be a contributing factor to the development and/or progression of hallux valgus.
Development of a practical guide for the early recognition for malignant melanoma of the foot and nail unit
Authors: Bristow Ivan R , de Berker David AR 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundMalignant melanoma is a rare but potentially lethal form of cancer which may arise on the foot. Evidence suggests that due to misdiagnosis and later recognition, foot melanoma has a poorer prognosis than cutaneous melanoma elsewhere.MethodsA panel of experts representing podiatry and dermatologists with a special interest in skin oncology was assembled to review the literature and clinical evidence to develop a clinical guide for the early recognition of plantar and nail unit melanoma.ResultsA systematic review of the literature revealed little high quality data to inform the guide. However a significant number of case reports and series were available for analysis. From these, the salient features were collated and summarised into the guide. Based on these features a new acronym “CUBED” for foot melanoma was drafted and incorporated in the guide.ConclusionsThe use of this guide may help clinicians in their assessment of suspicious lesions on the foot (including the nail unit). Earlier detection of suspicious pedal lesions may facilitate earlier referral for expert assessment and definitive diagnosis. The guide is currently being field tested amongst practitioners.
Heritability patterns in hand osteoarthritis: the role of osteophytes
Authors: Ishimori Mariko L , Altman Roy D , Cohen Myles J , Cui Jinrui , Guo Xiuqing , Rotter Jerome I , Weisman Michael H 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Introduction
The objective of the present study was to assess heritability of clinical and radiographic features of hand osteoarthritis (OA) in affected patients and their siblings.

Methods
A convenience sample of patients with clinical and radiographic hand OA and their siblings were evaluated by examination and radiography. Radiographs were scored for hand OA features by radiographic atlas. The heritability of hand OA phenotypes was assessed for clinical and radiographic measures based on anatomic locations and radiographic characteristics. Phenotypic data were transformed to reduce non-normality, if necessary. A variance components approach was used to calculate heritability.

Results
One hundred and thirty-six probands with hand OA and their sibling(s) were enrolled. By anatomic location, the highest heritability was seen with involvement of the first interphalangeal joint (h2 = 0.63, P = 0.00004), the first carpometacarpal joint (h2 = 0.38, P = 0.01), the distal interphalangeal joints (h2 = 0.36, P = 0.02), and the proximal interphalangeal joints (h2 = 0.30, P = 0.03) with osteophytes. The number and severity of joints with osteophyte involvement was heritable overall (h2 = 0.38, P = 0.008 for number and h2 = 0.35, P = 0.01 for severity) and for all interphalangeal joints (h2 = 0.42, P = 0.004 and h2 = 0.33, P = 0.02). The severity of carpometacarpal joint involvement was also heritable (h2 = 0.53, P = 0.0006). Similar results were obtained when the analysis was limited to the Caucasian sample.

Conclusions
In a population with clinical and radiographic hand OA and their siblings, the presence of osteophytes was the most sensitive biomarker for hand OA heritability. Significant heritability was detected for anatomic phenotypes by joint location, severity of joint involvement with osteophytes as well as for overall number and degree of hand OA involvement. These findings are in agreement with the strong genetic predisposition for hand OA reported by others. The results support phenotyping based on severity of osteophytes and a joint-specific approach. More specific phenotypes may hold greater promise in the study of genetics in hand OA.
Refeeding syndrome influences outcome of anorexia nervosa patients in intensive care unit: an observational study
Authors: Vignaud Marie , Constantin Jean-Michel , Ruivard Marc , Villemeyre-Plane Michele , Futier Emmanuel , Bazin Jean-Etienne , Annane Djillali ,   AZUREA group (AnorexieRea Study Group)
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Data on the epidemiology and management of anorexia nervosa (AN) in the intensive care unit (ICU) are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality of AN in French ICUs.

Methods
We randomly selected 30 ICUs throughout France. Thereafter, we retrospectively analyzed all patients with AN admitted to any of these 30 ICUs between May 2006 and May 2008. We considered demographic data, diagnosis at admission and complications occurring during the stay, focusing on refeeding syndrome and management of refeeding.

Results
Eleven of the 30 ICUs participated in the retrospective study, featuring 68 patients, including 62 women. Average body mass index at the admission was 12 ± 3 kg/m2. Twenty one were mechanically ventilated, mainly for neurological reasons. The reported average calorie intake was 22.3 ± 13 kcal/kg/24 h. Major diagnoses at admission were metabolic problems, refeeding survey and voluntary drug intoxication and infection. The most common complications were metabolic, hematological, hepatic, and infectious events, of which 10% occurred during refeeding. Seven patients developed refeeding syndrome. At day one, the average calorie intake was higher for patients who developed refeeding syndrome (23.2 ± 5 Kcal/kg/j; n = 7) versus patients without refeeding syndrome (14.1 ± 3 Kcal/kg/j; n = 61) P = 0.02. Seven patients died, two from acute respiratory distress syndrome and five from multiorgan-failure associated with major hydroelectrolytic problems.

Conclusions
The frequency of AN in ICU patients is very low and the crude mortality in this group is about 10%. Prevention and early-detection of refeeding syndrome is the key point.
Prognostic value of continuous EEG monitoring during therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest
Authors: Rossetti Andrea O , Urbano Luis A , Delodder Frederik , Kaplan Peter W , Oddo Mauro 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Continuous EEG (cEEG) is increasingly used to monitor brain function in neuro-ICU patients. However, its value in patients with coma after cardiac arrest (CA), particularly in the setting of therapeutic hypothermia (TH), is only beginning to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine whether cEEG performed during TH may predict outcome.

Methods
From April 2009 to April 2010, we prospectively studied 34 consecutive comatose patients treated with TH after CA who were monitored with cEEG, initiated during hypothermia and maintained after rewarming. EEG background reactivity to painful stimulation was tested. We analyzed the association between cEEG findings and neurologic outcome, assessed at 2 months with the Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC).

Results
Continuous EEG recording was started 12 ± 6 hours after CA and lasted 30 ± 11 hours. Nonreactive cEEG background (12 of 15 (75%) among nonsurvivors versus none of 19 (0) survivors; P < 0.001) and prolonged discontinuous "burst-suppression" activity (11 of 15 (73%) versus none of 19; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with mortality. EEG seizures with absent background reactivity also differed significantly (seven of 15 (47%) versus none of 12 (0); P = 0.001). In patients with nonreactive background or seizures/epileptiform discharges on cEEG, no improvement was seen after TH. Nonreactive cEEG background during TH had a positive predictive value of 100% (95% confidence interval (CI), 74 to 100%) and a false-positive rate of 0 (95% CI, 0 to 18%) for mortality. All survivors had cEEG background reactivity, and the majority of them (14 (74%) of 19) had a favorable outcome (CPC 1 or 2).

Conclusions
Continuous EEG monitoring showing a nonreactive or discontinuous background during TH is strongly associated with unfavorable outcome in patients with coma after CA. These data warrant larger studies to confirm the value of continuous EEG monitoring in predicting prognosis after CA and TH.
Sequence and structure of Brassica rapachromosome A3
Authors: Mun Jeong-Hwan , Kwon Soo-Jin , Seol Young-Joo , Kim Jin A , Jin Mina , Kim Jung Sun , Lim Myung-Ho , Lee Soo-In , Hong Joon Ki , Park Tae-Ho , Lee Sang-Choon , Kim Beom-Jin , Seo Mi-Suk , Baek Seunghoon , Lee Min-Jee , Shin Ja Young , Hahn Jang-Ho , Hwang Yoon-Jung , Lim Ki-Byung , Park Jee Young , Lee Jonghoon , Yang Tae-Jin , Yu Hee-Ju , Choi Ik-Young , Choi Beom-Soon , Choi Su Ryun , Ramchiary Nirala , Lim Yong Pyo , Fraser Fiona , Drou Nizar , Soumpourou Eleni , Trick Martin , Bancroft Ian , Sharpe Andrew G , Parkin Isobel AP , Batley Jacqueline , Edwards Dave , Park Beom-Seok 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background
The species Brassica rapa includes important vegetable and oil crops. It also serves as an excellent model system to study polyploidy-related genome evolution because of its paleohexaploid ancestry and its close evolutionary relationships with Arabidopsis thaliana and other Brassica species with larger genomes. Therefore, its genome sequence will be used to accelerate both basic research on genome evolution and applied research across the cultivated Brassica species.

Results
We have determined and analyzed the sequence of B. rapa chromosome A3. We obtained 31.9 Mb of sequences, organized into nine contigs, which incorporated 348 overlapping BAC clones. Annotation revealed 7,058 protein-coding genes, with an average gene density of 4.6 kb per gene. Analysis of chromosome collinearity with the A. thaliana genome identified conserved synteny blocks encompassing the whole of the B. rapa chromosome A3 and sections of four A. thaliana chromosomes. The frequency of tandem duplication of genes differed between the conserved genome segments in B. rapa and A. thaliana, indicating differential rates of occurrence/retention of such duplicate copies of genes. Analysis of 'ancestral karyotype' genome building blocks enabled the development of a hypothetical model for the derivation of the B. rapa chromosome A3.

Conclusions
We report the near-complete chromosome sequence from a dicotyledonous crop species. This provides an example of the complexity of genome evolution following polyploidy. The high degree of contiguity afforded by the clone-by-clone approach provides a benchmark for the performance of whole genome shotgun approaches presently being applied in B. rapa and other species with complex genomes.
Novel venom gene discovery in the platypus
Authors: Whittington Camilla M , Papenfuss Anthony T , Locke Devin P , Mardis Elaine R , Wilson Richard K , Abubucker Sahar , Mitreva Makedonka , Wong Emily SW , Hsu Arthur L , Kuchel Philip W , Belov Katherine , Warren Wesley C 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background
To date, few peptides in the complex mixture of platypus venom have been identified and sequenced, in part due to the limited amounts of platypus venom available to study. We have constructed and sequenced a cDNA library from an active platypus venom gland to identify the remaining components.

Results
We identified 83 novel putative platypus venom genes from 13 toxin families, which are homologous to known toxins from a wide range of vertebrates (fish, reptiles, insectivores) and invertebrates (spiders, sea anemones, starfish). A number of these are expressed in tissues other than the venom gland, and at least three of these families (those with homology to toxins from distant invertebrates) may play non-toxin roles. Thus, further functional testing is required to confirm venom activity. However, the presence of similar putative toxins in such widely divergent species provides further evidence for the hypothesis that there are certain protein families that are selected preferentially during evolution to become venom peptides. We have also used homology with known proteins to speculate on the contributions of each venom component to the symptoms of platypus envenomation.

Conclusions
This study represents a step towards fully characterizing the first mammal venom transcriptome. We have found similarities between putative platypus toxins and those of a number of unrelated species, providing insight into the evolution of mammalian venom.
Premature terminator analysis sheds light on a hidden world of bacterial transcriptional attenuation
Authors: Naville Magali , Gautheret Daniel 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background
Bacterial transcription attenuation occurs through a variety of cis-regulatory elements that control gene expression in response to a wide range of signals. The signal-sensing structures in attenuators are so diverse and rapidly evolving that only a small fraction have been properly annotated and characterized to date. Here we apply a broad-spectrum detection tool in order to achieve a more complete view of the transcriptional attenuation complement of key bacterial species.

Results
Our protocol seeks gene families with an unusual frequency of 5' terminators found across multiple species. Many of the detected attenuators are part of annotated elements, such as riboswitches or T-boxes, which often operate through transcriptional attenuation. However, a significant fraction of candidates were not previously characterized in spite of their unmistakable footprint. We further characterized some of these new elements using sequence and secondary structure analysis. We also present elements that may control the expression of several non-homologous genes, suggesting co-transcription and response to common signals. An important class of such elements, which we called mobile attenuators, is provided by 3' terminators of insertion sequences or prophages that may be exapted as 5' regulators when inserted directly upstream of a cellular gene.

Conclusions
We show here that attenuators involve a complex landscape of signal-detection structures spanning the entire bacterial domain. We discuss possible scenarios through which these diverse 5' regulatory structures may arise or evolve.
Outcomes of Patients With Esophageal Cancer Staged With [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET): Can Postchemoradiotherapy FDG-PET Predict the Utility of Resection?
Authors: Monjazeb Arta Monir , Riedlinger Greg , Aklilu Mebea , Geisinger Kim R. , Mishra Girish , Isom Scott , Clark Paige , Levine Edward A. , Blackstock A. William 
Published: September 2010

PurposeTo determine whether [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) can delineate patients with esophageal cancer who may not benefit from esophagectomy after chemoradiotherapy.Patients and MethodsWe reviewed records of 163 patients with histologically confirmed stage I to IVA esophageal cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy with or without resection with curative intent. All patients received surgical evaluation. Initial and postchemoradiotherapy FDG-PET scans and prognostic/treatment variables were analyzed. FDG-PET complete response (PET-CR) after chemoradiotherapy was defined as standardized uptake value ≤ 3.ResultsEighty-eight patients received trimodality therapy and 75 received chemoradiotherapy. Surgery was deferred primarily due to medical inoperability or unresectable/metastatic disease after chemoradiotherapy. A total of 105 patients were evaluable for postchemoradiotherapy FDG-PET response. Thirty-one percent achieved a PET-CR. PET-CR predicted for improved outcomes for chemoradiotherapy (2-year overall survival, 71% v 11%, P < .01; 2-year freedom from local failure [LFF], 75% v 28%, P < .01), but not trimodality therapy. On multivariate analysis of patients treated with chemoradiotherapy, PET-CR is the strongest independent prognostic variable (survival hazard ratio [HR], 9.82, P < .01; LFF HR, 14.13, P < .01). PET-CR predicted for improved outcomes regardless of histology, although patients with adenocarcinoma achieved a PET-CR less often.ConclusionPatients treated with trimodality therapy found no benefit with PET-CR, likely because FDG-PET residual disease was resected. Definitive chemoradiotherapy patients achieving PET-CR had excellent outcomes equivalent to trimodality therapy despite poorer baseline characteristics. Patients who achieve a PET-CR may not benefit from added resection given their excellent outcomes without resection. These results should be validated in a prospective trial of FDG-PET–directed therapy for esophageal cancer.
The ZFHX3 (ATBF1) transcription factor induces PDGFRB, which activates ATM in the cytoplasm to protect cerebellar neurons from oxidative stress
Authors: Kim Tae-Sun , Kawaguchi Makoto , Suzuki Mitsuko , Jung Cha-Gyun , Asai Kiyofumi , Shibamoto Yuta , Lavin Martin F. , Khanna Kum Kum , Miura Yutaka 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARY
Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the large serine-threonine kinase ATM. A-T patients suffer from degeneration of the cerebellum and show abnormal elevation of serum alpha-fetoprotein. Here, we report a novel signaling pathway that links ATM via cAMP-responsive-element-binding protein (CREB) to the transcription factor ZFHX3 (also known as ATBF1), which in turn promotes survival of neurons by inducing expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRB). Notably, AG1433, an inhibitor of PDGFRB, suppressed the activation of ATM under oxidative stress, whereas AG1433 did not inhibit the response of ATM to genotoxic stress by X-ray irradiation. Thus, the activity of a membrane-bound tyrosine kinase is required to trigger the activation of ATM in oxidative stress, independent of the response to genotoxic stress. Kainic acid stimulation induced activation of ATM in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), predominately in the cytoplasm in the absence of induction of γ-H2AX (a marker of DNA double-strand breaks). The activation of ATM in the cytoplasm might play a role in autophagy in protection of neurons against oxidative stress. It is important to consider DCN of the cerebellum in the etiology of A-T, because these neurons are directly innervated by Purkinje cells, which are progressively lost in A-T.
Redox Behavior of Ruthenium(Bipyridine)(Terpyridine)(Carbonyl) Complex-modified Carbon Electrode and Reactivity toward Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Tsukahara Yuhei , Wada Tohru , Tanaka Koji 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of a diazonium complex [Ru(bpy)(trpy-ph-N2+)(CO)](PF6)3 ([1](PF6)3) (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, trpy-ph-N2+ = 4-(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-4′-yl)benzenediazonium) using a GC electrode forms multilayer films of the complexes on the electrode surface, on which the reduced form of the complex showed strong affinity toward CO2.
A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Utilizing the Drug Burden Index to Reduce Exposure to Anticholinergic and Sedative Medications in Older People
Authors: Gnjidic Danijela , Couteur David G Le , Abernethy Darrell R , Hilmer Sarah N 
Published: September 2010

Background: The drug burden index (DBI) is an evidence-based tool that utilizes pharmacologic principles to calculate an individual's total exposure to anticholinergic and sedative medications. Higher DBI has been associated with functional impairment in observational studies of older people. Objective: To assess the impact of providing information about DBI to general practitioners (GPs) on prescribing for older people. Methods: This was a cluster randomized controlled trial with 3 months of follow-up. Participants were volunteers aged ≥70 years, living in self-care retirement villages in Sydney, Australia. The study intervention involved a letter and phone call to GPs, using DBI to prompt them to consider cessation or dose reduction of anticholinergic and sedative medications. The primary study outcome was to assess the impact of information about DBI on prescribing practices of the GPs. Results: A total of 115 participants were enrolled, 57 in the intervention group (from 6 sites) and 58 in the control group (from 6 sites). At baseline, 19 of 57 participants in the intervention group and 31 of 58 participants in the control group had a DBI >0 (p < 0.05). At follow-up, a DBI change was observed in 16 participants. DBI decreased in 12 participants, 6 (32%) in the intervention group, and 6 (19%) in the control group. GPs identified the following barriers to reducing anticholinergic and sedative drugs: uncomfortable altering prescriptions initiated by specialists; unable to influence patients' attitudes; unaware of patients' medications and strong clinical indication. Conclusions: The intervention targeting GPs' prescribing practices was less effective than anticipated in reducing anticholinergic and sedative drug exposure, and barriers were identified. Future studies should explore multidisciplinary interventions, engaging patients, specialists, GPs, and pharmacists.
Flachheitsbasierter Vorsteuerungsentwurf für den Antriebsstrang eines Parallelhybriden
Authors: Gasper Rainer , Heßeler Frank , Abel Dirk 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
Hybridfahrzeuge finden eine immer größere Verbreitung, da sie das Potenzial bieten Kraftstoff einzusparen und den Schadstoffausstoß zu minimieren. Ein weiteres wichtiges Kriterium für die Kundenakzeptanz ist die Fahrbarkeit eines Hybridfahrzeuges, wobei Gangschaltungen und der Start des Verbrennungsmotors während des elektrischen Fahrens entscheidend sind. Da diese Vorgänge in einem Hybridfahrzeug automatisiert sind, würden Schwingungen im Fahrzeug vom Fahrer als unangenehm wahrgenommen. In diesem Beitrag werden Vorsteuerungen für den Antriebsstrang eines Parallelhybriden vorgestellt.