bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract B65: Targeted resequencing of the EphB2 gene in colorectal cancer for SNP discovery using next generation sequencing
Authors: Robbins Christiane M. , Harris Jake A. , Tembe Waibhav , Shamugam Vijayalakshmi , Kittles Rick A. , Ellis Nathan A. , Carpten John D. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in the United States. CRC is the third most common cause of deaths in the U. S. with the highest incidence observed in the African American (AA) population compared to other American populations. Our group was the first to implicate the EphB2 tyrosine kinase receptor as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer (PC), where we reported somatic inactivating mutations occurring in 5%-10% of sporadic tumors. With its role in maintaining normal epithelial architecture and functional data suggestive of a tumor suppressor in both prostate and colon cancer.
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) afford new opportunities for large scale SNP discovery using a targeted resequencing approach. Several methodologies have been developed for targeted resequencing. Among these methods is the RainDance picoliter massive single-plex PCR assay, which provides the capability to assess up to 10,000 independent amplicons in a single reaction. We designed a RainDance PCR assay containing 700 amplicons, encompassing the entire 225,000bp genomic region of the EphB2 gene. These individual pools of amplicons from each sample were then used as template for NGS and barcoded to generate pools of 16 unique individuals using the Life Technologies SOLiD version 3-Plus system. Utilizing this method we screened 20 colorectal cancer cases and 27 sporadic prostate cancer cases. Thus far we have identified both known and novel variants within the EphB2 gene region among of which are several common coding variants including the 2055A&gt;T nonsense mutation (K1019X) in three of 10 female CRC cases. We will provide data on the number of novel and known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for all CRC and PC cases as well as quality assessment and overall performance of the RainDance method and performance metrics for SOliD NGS along with a comparison of utilizing several different analyses pipelines to identify the novel and known SNPs. These data will provide us with unprecedented details of the genetic variation of the EphB2 gene in African Americans.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B65.
Abstract B71: Residential racial segregation and prostate cancer treatment decisions
Authors: Wells Kristen , Stukenborg George , Oliver M. Norman 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Residential racial segregation, or the relative degree to which members of two or more racial groups are spatially distributed throughout a defined geographical area, is associated with the health status of individuals living in racially segregated communities. Despite pronounced racial disparities in prostate cancer incidence and mortality, no known study has investigated the association between racial residential segregation and prostate cancer post-diagnosis treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the independent effect of residential racial segregation as measured by the isolation index on prostate cancer treatment decisions. Incident prostate cancer cases among men living in metropolitan statistical areas that were reported to the SEER-Medicare linked database between 1995 and 2002 were identified. Differences between individual and area-level characteristics at varying degrees of residential segregation were statistically evaluated using Chi Square and Student's t tests and ANOVA. Hierarchical logistic regression models with MSA- level random effects were used to characterize the relationship between level of residential segregation and post-diagnosis prostate cancer treatment received. African American men living in metropolitan areas with high segregation were statistically significantly more likely to receive expectant management (OR=1.42, 95% CI= 1.09, 2.23) and were statistically significantly less likely to receive radiation therapy (OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.34, 0.93) compared to white men living in areas of low segregation. Black men living in metropolitan areas with high segregation were more likely to receive radical prostatectomy (OR=1.59, 95% CI= 0.57, 4.45) and hormone therapy (OR= 2.08, 95% CI=0.91, 4.77) than white men living in areas of low segregation, although these differences were not statistically significant. Researchers should continue to investigate the implications of access to care and healthcare utilization by various populations and their effect on prostate cancer treatment decisions.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B71.
Abstract B76: The effect of ethnicity on esophageal cancer survival in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Bashash Morteza , Hislop Greg , Shah Amil , Le Nhu , Brooks-Wilson Angela , Bajdik Chris 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the most lethal human malignancies. This study compares the survival of esophageal cancer patients among ethnic groups in British Columbia (BC), specifically Chinese, South Asians and Iranians.
Methods: Data was obtained from the population-based BC Cancer Registry for patients diagnosed with invasive esophageal cancer between 1984 and 2006. Complete follow-up information was available for all patients to 31 August 2007. The ethnicity of patients was determined according to their names and categorized as Chinese, South Asian, Iranian or Other. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of ethnicity adjusted for patient gender, patient age, disease histology, tumor location, disease stage and treatment.
Results: The survival of esophageal cancer patients was significantly different among ethnic groups when evaluated without adjusting for other variables (p=0.03), but not in the multivariate model (p=0.06). A significant survival difference was observed among ethnic groups only for non-metastatic disease (p=0.049). The results indicate that South Asians have better survival than the other groups.
Discussion: Ethnicity may represent underlying genetic factors that could affect survival. Such factors could influence host-tumor interactions by altering the tumor's etiology and therefore its chance of spreading. Host pharmacogenetic factors can also affect a patient's response to treatment. Differences in survival by ethnicity support the importance of ethnicity as a prognostic factor, and may provide clues for the future identification of genetic or lifestyle factors that underlie these differences.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B76.
Abstract B8: Research on HIV/AIDS-related cancers among racial/ethnic minority and underserved persons in the United States
Authors: Richardson Sandra F 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose: To develop a community based participatory research (CBPR) program that establishes an effective way to engage Africans in Zambia and underserved Alabama Black Belt communities in HIV awareness, stigma reduction, voluntary HIV testing and engagement in care, active and appropriate prevention and early detection of HIV-related malignancies, and proper treatment, when necessary.
Background: The Deep South Network for Cancer Control has trained over 800 community health advisors (CHAs) that have functioned to increase cancer awareness in their communities, leading to considerable improvement in breast and cervical cancer screening in the targeted communities. The UAB Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ) has reached over 500,000 women for preventing mother-to-child transmission and has enrolled over 200,000 HIV patients into care. They screen over 1,000 women per month for cervical cancer. A major common issue in both programs is the stigma associated with HIV. This leads to unwillingness to be screened, continuous transmission of disease, and subsequent development of HIV-related malignancies.
Methodology: Bring the two communities together to learn from each other in order to develop an appropriate community based participatory research strategy to overcome the major issues. This would be accomplished by: (1) establishing an organizational infrastructure to form a foundational research program (2) conducting onsite meetings in the United States and Zambia to experience the unique attributes of each country (3) conducting a needs assessment to evaluate infrastructure addressing HIV testing and HIV-related cancer prevention, early detection and/or treatment at three levels: community, investigators and institution (4) developing a CBPR plan to insure underserved minorities in the Alabama Black Belt and Zambia receive appropriate HIV testing and HIV-related cancer prevention, early detection, and/or treatment.
Results: There were many lessons learned in Lusaka and in Alabama: 1) Peer educators play a vital role in outreach and support. Peer educators who are a part of the program, must be involved in support groups as well. 2) Peer educators have more impact when they are trained individuals. 3) Community ownership is important; have to find the passion in the community and have the ownership working from the inside out. 4) Education offered in the work place yields positive results. 5) Mass media dissemination has a great influence on the message being carried. 6) Targeted campaigns have proven beneficial. 7) Health fairs are widely received.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B8.
Abstract B85: Impact of patient/provider communications on quality of care for cancer
Authors: Khan Shahnaz , Colosia Ann D. , Peltz Gerson , Pohl Gerhardt , Liu Esther , Kaye James A. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Objectives: Quality of care for cancer could be impacted by a variety of factors. The objective of this study was to identify aspects of patient/provider communications that impact the quality of care for cancer patients in general.
Methods: A systematic literature review regarding perceptions of the quality of cancer care in the U.S. was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Reviews for the last ten years, English only articles. Oncology medical subject heading (MESH) terms were cross-matched with quality of care MESH terms to obtain 875 abstracts. Of these, 140 publications were selected for full-article review based on defined inclusion/ exclusion criteria.
Results: Most of the articles on patient/physician communications and quality of care were for breast cancer. The amount of information patients receive regarding their cancer and their communications with providers affects their perceptions of quality of cancer care. Women with breast cancer who reported high levels of surgeon-initiated communication were more likely to be satisfied with their care than women receiving low-levels of communications. Women who were provided with a nurse case manager had more positive perception regarding their treatment choices and quality of care. Poor communication and lack of information are often cited as factors affecting service quality. While providers may consider technically proficient care to mean quality care, patients with cancer define quality care as care that comes with good communication, provision of adequate information, respect, and attention.
Conclusions: Communications with providers and provision of adequate information are important aspects of quality of cancer care for patients with cancer. These findings may be more pronounced in circumstances where diversity issues are relevant.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B85.
Abstract B91: Predictors of worsened survival among medically underserved hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Wray Curtis J. , Harvin John A. , Hahn Karin M. , Kao Lillian S. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Introduction: We reported that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in the Harris County Hospital District (HCHD) have an overall survival (OS) of 3.4 months. This is the third largest public hospital district in the U.S. and a high percentage of HCC patients appear to survive less than 1 month (OS&lt;1 mo). We sought to explore possible factors associated with this observed disparity in OS.
Methods: An IRB-approved review of the HCHD Tumor Registry was conducted. Insurance and payor status, race, treatment, clinicopathologic parameters were recorded, including liver function tests, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), international normalized ratio (INR), Child-Pugh score and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score. Outcomes were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests. Chi-square, Student's t-test, univariate, multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards model statistical tests were also used (p&lt;0.05).
Results: A total of 337 HCC patients (N= 272 men and N= 65 female) from 1998-2010 were identified. Only 4% of patients had medicare; whereas 96% relied upon county funding. OS&lt;1mo was noted in 90 patients (26.7%). There were no racial or gender differences between those with an OS&lt;1mo and OS&gt;1 mo. In the OS&lt;1mo group, 22% were Stage I-II, 39% were stage III and 39% were stage IV. In contrast in the OS&gt;1 mo cohort, 38% were Stage I-II, 33% Stage III and 28% were stage IV. Only 6% (N=5) of OS&lt;1mo patients received therapy for HCC, whereas 27% (N=91) patients in the OS&gt;1 mo group received therapy (p=0.00). Both individual laboratory parameters associated with advanced liver disease (elevated bilirubin and decreased albumin) and composite score (Child-Pugh and MELD) were predictive of OS&lt;1 mo. In addition, elevated AFP, elevated creatinine, stage, and lack of treatment were independent predictors of OS&lt;1 mo. A Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated gender, AFP, bilirubin, INR, presence of ascites and stage were predictive of median survival.
Conclusions: Median stage-adjusted survival of medically underserved HCC patients seen in a large urban hospital remains lower than the national average. Although advanced stage and advanced liver disease likely preclude treatment in many patients, there are still a large proportion of patients who receive no treatment. Additional studies are necessary to determine the reasons for lack of treatment and survival disparities in this patient population such as lack of early detection, non-referral to surgeons by primary care physicians, lack of availability of advanced treatments such as transplantation, or a combination of these factors. Furthermore, accurate prediction of those patients unlikely to survive beyond one month may prevent futile use of limited resources.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B91.
Abstract PR-3: CDX-2 polymorphism, calcium intake, and prostate cancer risk for African Americans in a population-based study
Authors: Rowland Glovioell , John Esther , Schwartz Gary G. , Ingles Sue A. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are highest among American men of African descent. The World Cancer Research Fund has classified calcium as a probable cause of prostate cancer. The CDX-2 polymorphism (A to G) in the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) alters calcium absorption in the small intestines. It functionally limits transcriptional activity of the VDR promoter. VDR impacts cell differentiation, metastasis, and apoptosis in the prostate. The CDX-2 polymorphism is potentially useful for determining whether prostate cancer risk is causally related to calcium absorbing activity.
Methods: To study the impact of calcium intake and absorption among our most at-risk ethnic group, we examined 447 African American cases (233 advanced stage at diagnosis; 214 localized) and controls (N=223) from the California Collaborative Study of Aggressive Prostate Cancer. Using DNA extracted from buffy coat, the VDR CDX-2 genotype was measured by TaqMan assay. Dietary calcium was assessed from a 74-item modified Block food frequency questionnaire. Main effects of genotype and of dietary calcium, and diet-gene interactions were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for SES, age, family history, and total caloric intake.
Results: Men who were least able to absorb calcium (GG genotype) were at 59% decreased risk of advanced prostate cancer; the adjusted relative risk was OR=0.41 (95% confidence interval =0.19, 0.90). Men with high total calcium intake (in the upper quartile) had an approximate two-fold increased risk of advanced prostate cancer compared to those in the lowest quartile; all cases OR= 1.91 (95% CI=1.20,3.03); OR=2.16 (95% CI= 1.26,3.71) for advanced stage. The dose-response relationship was significant (P-value for trend &lt; 0.01). Gene by Nutrition interactions were not significant.
Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that African American carriers of the ancestral CDX-2 ‘AA’ allele for enhanced biological absorption of calcium, are at high risk for aggressive prostate cancer; and that high intake of dietary or total calcium poses formidable risks for both advanced and localized prostate cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):PR-3.
Abstract PR-4: Genetic heterogeneity in colorectal cancer associations in African Americans
Authors: Kupfer Sonia S. , Anderson Jeffrey R. , Hooker Stanley , Skol Andrew , Kittles Rick A. , Keku Temitope O. , Sandler Robert S. , Ellis Nathan A. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: Genome-wide association studies of colorectal cancer (CRC) have identified risk variants in 10 genomic regions. None of these studies included African Americans, who have the highest incidence and mortality from CRC in the U.S. For the 10 genomic regions, we performed an association study in African and European Americans. Methods: We genotyped 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA samples from 1194 patients with CRC (795 African Americans and 399 European Americans) and 1352 controls (985 African Americans and 367 European Americans). At chromosome 8q24.21 region 3, we analyzed five additional SNPs from 1000 African American cases and 1393 controls. Association testing was done using multivariate logistic regression controlling for ancestry, age, and sex.
Results: Whereas effects sizes and directions of association for all SNPs tested in European Americans were consistent with previously published studies, the associations ran in the opposite direction for 9 of 22 SNPs tested in African Americans. Among African Americans, the SNP rs6983267 at 8q24.21 was not associated with CRC (OR=1.18; P=0.12); instead, the 8q24.21 SNP rs7014346 (OR=1.15; p=0.03) was associated with CRC in this population. On chromosome 15q13.3, rs10318 was associated with CRC in both populations. On chromosome 10p14, the opposite allele of rs10795668 was associated with CRC in African Americans (OR=1.35; P=0.04). On chromosome 11 q23.1, rs3802842 was significantly associated with rectal cancer risk only among African Americans (OR 1.34; P=0.01); a similar observation was made in previous studies of Europeans. Among European Americans, SNPs on chromosomes 8q24.21,11 q23.1, and 16q22.1 were associated with CRC, in agreement with previous reports.
Conclusion: There is genetic heterogeneity in CRC associations in Americans of African vs. European descent.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):PR-4.
Abstract PR-7: A church-based hepatitis B intervention for Korean Americans
Authors: Ma Grace X. , Tan Yin , Gao Wanzhen , Tram Trong , Rhee Joanne , Chae Wang G. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Introduction: Despite the proven efficacy of hepatitis B screening and vaccination in preventing hepatitis B infection, most Korean Americans are neither screened nor vaccinated. Hepatitis B-related liver cancer incidence in Korean Americans is considerably higher than that of other ethnic groups in the U.S. About 80% of Korean Americans are active church members, which is an important venue for health education and intervention programs. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches can stimulate partnership development and community engagement especially among hard-to-reach Asian American communities. The purpose of this study was to design and pilot test a culturally appropriate hepatitis B screening and vaccination program for Korean Americans using CBPR approaches.
Methods: A quasi-experimental design with intervention and control groups was used in the study. Participants (n=330), age 18 and over, were recruited from four Korean churches (two for intervention and two for control group. The intervention group received bilingual community health educator-led hepatitis B education and patient navigation. The control group received general health education. Assessments were obtained at baseline, post-education, and 6-month follow up. Primary outcome measures were hepatitis B screening and vaccination behavior change.
Results: Participants of intervention group reported significantly higher hepatitis B screening and vaccine. The data of intervention group also suggested significant improvement in knowledge of hepatitis B and measures of Health Belief Model.
Conclusions/Discussion: This study suggested that use CBPR principles to engage churches/pastors and cultural appropriate intervention can be an effective approach to address hepatitis B disparities in Korean Americans.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):PR-7.
Typical Patterns of Microwave Signatures and Vertical Profiles of Precipitation in the Midlatitudes from TRMM Data
Authors: Yamamoto Munehisa K. , Nakamura Kenji 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRepresentative patterns from multichannel microwave brightness temperature Tb in the midlatitude oceanic region, observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), are studied during precipitation events detected by the TRMM precipitation radar (PR) for three summer and winter seasons using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The first three patterns are interpreted as rain liquid water, solid particles, and rain type based on the frequency distributions of vertical profiles of the radar reflectivity factor and the heights of the storm top, cloud top, and freezing level. The first EOF (EOF1) correlates with the near-surface rain rate. While the eigenvector for the 85.5-GHz channel is less significant for EOF1 variability in summer, those in all channels contribute equally to the variability in winter. This difference suggests that summer precipitation is caused by additional solid particles formed in developing precipitation systems. The second EOF (EOF2) represents the number of solid particles and also corresponds to the near-surface rain rate. This result suggests an increase of solid particles with the development of precipitation systems. EOF2 varies largely by echo-top height in summer and by echo-top height and freezing height in winter. The positive component score has double Tb peaks. Dividing the score into two patterns according to these peaks reveals highly developed precipitation systems, such as convective rainbands and frontal systems, and weak precipitation with shallow systems caused by cold outbreaks in the winter case. The negative component score also shows shallow and weak precipitation systems with warm rain. The third EOF (EOF3) is related to rain type. Vertical profiles show a significant bright band with a small height difference between the echo top and freezing level for negative EOF3, while positive EOF3 has no bright band with a high echo top relative to the freezing height. The results indicate that stratiform and convective precipitation systems can be characterized by EOF3.