bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential neural activity in the recognition of old versus new events: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kim Hongkeun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis study presents a meta‐analysis comparing hit and correct rejection (CR) conditions across 48 fMRI studies. Old/new (hit > CR) effects associated most consistently with (1) components of the default‐mode network, including the left angular gyrus, bilateral precuneus, and bilateral posterior cingulate regions, which may support the mental re‐experiencing of an old event, or ecphory; (2) components of the cognitive‐control network, involving the left dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and bilateral intraparietal sulcus regions, which may mediate memory and non‐memory control functions; and (3) the caudate nucleus, a key part of the brain's reward system that may support the satisfaction tied to target‐detection. Direct comparisons of old/new effects between item versus source retrieval and “remember” versus “know” retrieval yielded three main sets of findings. First, default‐mode network regions showed greater old/new effects in conditions associated with richer ecphoric processing. Second, cognitive‐control network regions showed greater old/new effects in conditions associated with a greater demand for strategic‐retrieval processing. Third, the caudate nucleus showed greater old/new effects in conditions tied to greater confidence in target‐detection. New/old (CR > hit) effects most strongly associated with the bilateral medial temporal lobe, possibly reflecting greater encoding‐related activity for new than for old items, and the right posterior middle temporal regions, possibly reflecting repetition‐related neural priming for old items. In conclusion, neural activity distinguishing old from new events comprises an ensemble of multiple memory‐specific activities, including encoding, retrieval, and priming, as well as multiple types of more general cognitive activities, including default‐mode, cognitive‐control, and reward processing. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cortical oscillatory changes in human middle temporal cortex underlying smooth pursuit eye movements
Authors: Dunkley Benjamin T. , Freeman Tom C.A. , Muthukumaraswamy Suresh D. , Singh Krish D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractExtra‐striate regions are thought to receive non‐retinal signals from the pursuit system to maintain perceptual stability during eye movements. Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to study changes in oscillatory power related to smooth pursuit in extra‐striate visual areas under three conditions: ‘pursuit’ of a small target, ‘retinal motion’ of a large background and ‘pursuit + retinal motion’ combined. All stimuli moved sinusoidally. MEG source reconstruction was performed using synthetic aperture magnetometry. Broadband alpha–beta suppression (5–25 Hz) was observed over bilateral extra‐striate cortex (consistent with middle temporal cortex (MT+)) during all conditions. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study using the same experimental protocols confirmed an MT+ localisation of this extra‐striate response. The alpha–beta envelope power in the ‘pursuit’ condition showed a hemifield‐dependent eye‐position signal, such that the global minimum in the alpha–beta suppression recorded in extra‐striate cortex was greatest when the eyes were at maximum contralateral eccentricity. The ‘retinal motion’ condition produced sustained alpha–beta power decreases for the duration of stimulus motion, while the ‘pursuit + retinal motion’ condition revealed a double‐dip ‘W’ shaped alpha–beta envelope profile with the peak suppression contiguous with eye position when at opposing maximum eccentricity. These results suggest that MT+ receives retinal as well as extra‐retinal signals from the pursuit system as part of the process that enables the visual system to compensate for retinal motion during eye movement. We speculate that the suppression of the alpha–beta rhythm reflects either the integration of an eye position‐dependent signal or one that lags the peak velocity of the sinusoidally moving target. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Whole‐brain white matter disruption in semantic and nonfluent variants of primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Schwindt Graeme C. , Graham Naida L. , Rochon Elizabeth , Tang‐Wai David F. , Lobaugh Nancy J. , Chow Tiffany W. , Black Sandra E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSemantic (svPPA) and nonfluent (nfPPA) variants of primary progressive aphasia are associated with distinct patterns of cortical atrophy and underlying pathology. Little is known, however, about their contrasting spread of white matter disruption and how this relates to grey matter (GM) loss. We undertook a structural MRI study to investigate this relationship. We used diffusion tensor imaging, tract‐based spatial statistics, and voxel‐based morphometry to examine fractional anisotropy (FA) and directional diffusivities in nine patients with svPPA and nine patients with nfPPA, and compared them to 16 matched controls after accounting for global GM atrophy. Significant differences in topography of white matter changes were found, with more ventral involvement in svPPA patients and more widespread frontal involvement in nfPPA individuals. However, each group had both ventral and dorsal tract changes, and both showed spread of diffusion abnormalities beyond sites of local atrophy. There was a clear dissociation in sensitivity of diffusion tensor imaging measures between groups. SvPPA patients showed widespread changes in FA and radial diffusivity, whereas changes in axial diffusivity were more restricted and proximal to sites of GM atrophy. NfPPA patients showed isolated changes in FA, but widespread axial and radial diffusivity changes. These findings reveal the extent of white matter disruption in these variants of PPA after accounting for GM loss. Further, they suggest that differences in the relative sensitivity of diffusion metrics may reflect differences in the nature of underlying white matter pathology in these two subtypes. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surgical management of squamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate: Factors predictive of outcome
Authors: Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Nixon Iain J. , Palmer Frank , Kim Leslie , Whitcher Monica , Katabi Nora , Ghossein Ronald , Shah Jatin P. , Patel Snehal G. , Ganly Ian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate (SCCSP) is uncommon. The aim of this study was to report our experience and identify factors predictive of outcome.MethodsBetween 1976 and 2005, 186 patients with SCCSP were treated with curative intent. In all, 150 patients had primary surgery, of whom 112 patients (75%) had cT1/T2 tumors and 103 patients (69%) had cN0 necks. Overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were determined by the Kaplan–Meier method and factors predictive of outcome were identified.ResultsFive‐year OS, DSS, and RFS for surgical patients were, respectively, 52%, 71%, and 56%. DSS for cT1T2N0 and cT1T2N+ were 79% and 56%, respectively. For OS and DSS, multivariate analysis showed cN classification was predictive of outcome. For RFS and distant RFS, margin status was a significant predictor, whereas the cT classification was a significant predictor for local RFS.ConclusionsOutcomes of patients with early‐stage SCCSP managed by surgery were excellent. These patients may be suitable for transoral robotic or endoscopic surgical procedures. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Unlocking the value of Web 2.0 technologies for training and development: The shift from instructor‐controlled, adaptive learning to learner‐driven, generative learning
Authors: London Manuel , Hall MJ 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTraditional instruction is adaptive—that is, instructor‐driven, face‐to‐face and/or online training to teach skills and knowledge and convey information, policies, and procedures. In contrast, generative learning is learner‐driven, collaborative, and problem‐focused. Web 2.0 technologies can support both types of learning but are especially valuable for generative learning. This article reviews learning processes and Web 2.0 capabilities, describes two case examples, outlines ways to design Web 2.0 training applications, and discusses the changing role of learning professionals from delivering structured, one‐way adaptive learning to designing and facilitating generative learning opportunities. The article concludes with ideas for corporate education and research on Web 2.0–based learning processes, including utilizing the technology to track and improve learning. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in homocysteine‐induced intestinal microvascular endothelial paracellular and transcellular permeability
Authors: Munjal Charu , Tyagi Neetu , Lominadze David , Tyagi Suresh C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAlthough elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy), known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the mechanism of Hcy action is unclear. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that HHcy activates matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9), which in turn enhances permeability of human intestinal microvascular endothelial cell (HIMEC) layer by decreasing expression of endothelial junction proteins and increasing caveolae formation. HIMECs were grown in Transwells and treated with 500 µM Hcy in the presence or absence of MMP‐9 activity inhibitor. Hcy‐induced permeability to FITC‐conjugated bovine serum albumin (FITC‐BSA) was assessed by measuring fluorescence intensity of solutes in the Transwells' lower chambers. The cell–cell interaction and cell barrier function was estimated by measuring trans‐endothelial electrical impedance. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were used to study cell junction protein expressions. Hcy‐induced changes in transcellular transport of HIMECs were estimated by observing formation of functional caveolae defined as caveolae labeled by cholera toxin and antibody against caveolin‐1 and one that have taken up FITC‐BSA. Hcy instigated HIMEC monolayer permeability through activation of MMP‐9. The increased paracellular permeability was associated with degradation of vascular endothelial cadherin and zona occludin‐1 and transcellular permeability through increased caveolae formation in HIMECs. Elevation of Hcy content increases permeability of HIMEC layer affecting both paracellular and transcellular transport pathways, and this increased permeability was alleviated by inhibition of MMP‐9 activity. These findings contribute to clarification of mechanisms of IBD development. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1159–1169, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new approximate method for the stochastic simulation of chemical systems: The representative reaction approach
Authors: Kadam Shantanu , Vanka Kumar 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe have developed two new approximate methods for stochastically simulating chemical systems. The methods are based on the idea of representing all the reactions in the chemical system by a single reaction, i.e., by the “representative reaction approach” (RRA). Discussed in the article are the concepts underlying the new methods along with flowchart with all the steps required for their implementation. It is shown that the two RRA methods {with the reaction
$ 2A \rightarrow B $
as the representative reaction (RR)} perform creditably with regard to accuracy and computational efficiency, in comparison to the exact stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) developed by Gillespie and are able to successfully reproduce at least the first two moments of the probability distribution of each species in the systems studied. As such, the RRA methods represent a promising new approach for stochastically simulating chemical systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2012
QM/MM refinement and analysis of protein bound retinoic acid
Authors: Li Xue , Fu Zheng , Merz Kenneth M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A derivative, which modifies the appearance of fine wrinkles and roughness of facial skin and treats acne and activates gene transcription by binding to heterodimers of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoic X receptor (RXR). There are series of protein bound RA complexes available in the protein databank (PDB), which provides a broad range of information about the different bioactive conformations of RA. To gain further insights into the observed bioactive RA conformations we applied quantum mechanic (QM)/molecular mechanic (MM) approaches to re‐refine the available RA protein‐ligand complexes. MP2 complete basis set (CBS) extrapolations single energy calculations are also carried out for both the experimental conformations and QM optimized geometries of RA in the gas as well as solution phase. The results demonstrate that the re‐refined structures show better geometries for RA than seen in the originally deposited PDB structures through the use of QMs for the ligand in the X‐ray refinement procedure. QM/MM re‐refined conformations also reduced the computed strain energies found in the deposited crystal conformations for RA. Finally, the dependence of ligand strain on resolution is analyzed. It is shown that ligand strain is not converged in our calculations and is likely an artifact of the typical resolutions employed to study protein‐ligand complexes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2012
Regulatory role of zinc during aluminium‐induced altered carbohydrate metabolism in rat brain
Authors: Singla Neha , Dhawan D.K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAluminium is considered an environmental neurotoxicant and causes many neurological disorders, whereas zinc is vital for many biological functions. The present study was carried out to investigate the role of Zn, if any, in mitigating the adverse effects inflicted by Al on carbohydrate metabolism in rat brain. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats weighing 140–160 g were divided into four different groups: normal control, Al‐treated (100 mg/kg b.w./day in drinking water via oral gavage), Zn‐treated (227mg/liter in drinking water), and combined Al‐ and Zn‐treated rats. All the treatments were continued for 2 months, and their effects on carbohydrate‐metabolizing enzymes were studied. Additionally, expressions of the proteins glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK3) and protein phosphatase (PP1), which help in regulating carbohydrate energy metabolism, were also studied. Al treatment resulted in increased activities of the glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6P), glucose‐6‐isomerase (G6I), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), whereas the activities of hexokinase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and glycogen content were decreased. Moreover, no significant change was observed in the biochemical parameters upon Zn supplementation alone. However, Zn supplementation to Al‐treated rats was able to reduce significantly the Al‐induced increased activities of G6P, G6I, and LDH, but it elevated the levels of hexokinase, SDH, and glycogen. Furthermore, Al treatment increased the protein expression of GSK3 and decreased the PP1 expression, which were found to be reversed upon Zn administration. Hence, Zn is effective in regulating theAl‐induced alterations in carbohydrate metabolism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of sorting nexin 12 is regulated in developing cerebral cortical neurons
Authors: Mizutani Reiko , Nakamura Kazuaki , Kato Natsuko , Aizawa Kazuko , Miyamoto Yuki , Torii Tomohiro , Yamauchi Junji , Tanoue Akito 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe sorting nexins (SNXs) are a family of proteins functioning in diverse processes, including endocytosis, endosomal sorting, and endosomal signaling. Sorting nexin 12 (SNX12) is one of the SNXs family members; however, its function remains unknown. To clarify the function of SNX12, in this study, we first investigated the expression profiles in mice, particularly in the central nervous system (CNS), and then analyzed the functional role on neurite outgrowth. We found that SNX12 was widely expressed in the adult mouse CNS and that its expression level was higher in the cerebral cortex than in other examined regions. SNX12 expression was detected in the neurons but not the glial cells of the adult mouse cerebral cortex. In the fetal brain, SNX12 expression increased during the embryonic stage and gradually decreased after birth. Although the immunoreactivities of SNX12 were widespread in the cerebral cortical cells in the fetal brain, the immunopositive signals of SNX12 were more intense in the postmitotic neurons in the cortical plate than in the proliferating precursor cells in the ventricular zone, suggesting that SNX12 plays critical roles in the postmitotic neurons during cerebral cortical development. Furthermore, in mouse neuroblastoma and N1E‐115 cells and rat primary cortical neurons, SNX12 expression was increased as neurite outgrowth progressed and the knockdown of SNX12 attenuated the outgrowth of neurites. These results suggest that SNX12 regulates neurite formation during cerebral cortical development. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐injury in incarcerated juvenile females: Contributions of mental health and traumatic experiences
Authors: McReynolds Larkin S. , Wasserman Gail A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDespite evidence supporting a connection between child maltreatment and self‐injury, there is disagreement regarding a particular connection to sexual abuse because types of trauma exposure often co‐occur. To examine these associations efficiently, we considered a sample of incarcerated juvenile females, where rates of both trauma exposure and self‐injury would be expected to be elevated. Adolescent females (N = 220) reported on history of self‐injurious behavior on the Voiced Index of Self‐injurious Actions, as well as psychiatric disorder. A common set of features was associated with cutting and with self‐injury in general. Both were more likely in those initiating delinquent activities when younger and in those currently meeting criteria for major depressive disorder, or with a previous suicide attempt. Adjusting for those features, report of self‐injury was approximately doubled among those disclosing prior traumatic exposure that was sexual, OR = 2.66, 95% CI [1.38, 5.15], or nonsexual, OR = 2.18, 95% CI [1.17, 4.04]. Exposure to early traumatic events, such as child maltreatment, likely contributes to a set of adverse experiences, including delinquent activity, mood disorder, and self‐injury. Findings contribute to work demonstrating the importance of dissociation both as a consequence of victimization and as a key feature underlying self‐injurious behavior.
Time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for time‐resolved measurements: Some developments and applications
Authors: Baeza‐Romero Maria Teresa , Blitz Mark A. , Goddard Andrew , Seakins Paul W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this paper, the time resolution for kinetic studies of reactions with mass spectrometric detection is characterized in detail, and it is shown how this allows faster kinetic processes to be determined. The time‐resolved technique used pulsed laser photolysis to initiate reaction and a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) to monitor progress, where the reactant gas was sampled by a sampling orifice and photoionized using pulsed, laser vacuum ultraviolet light before being analyzed by the TOFMS. Characterization of this setup has been carried out to identify the parameters that affect the time for “sampling,” which limits the fastest reactions that can be measured. A simple mathematical equation has been developed to correct for “sampling” delays (ksampling∼25, 000 s−1), which extends the range of rate coefficients to be measured in a kinetic mass spectrometry reactor to k′ < 7000 s−1. This method could be applied to any other kinetic mass spectrometry system where ksampling can be measured; an important advantage since it allows the study of reactions over a wider range of conditions (e.g., larger concentrations of reagents/products can be used to minimize the contribution from wall losses). The system can produce reliable kinetic data whether monitoring reactant decay or product growth even when the reaction and sampling processes are occurring on a similar timescale (k′ < 7000 s−1). Reproducible and reliable kinetic data have been obtained for the following reactions: SO + NO2 → products (R1), ClSO + NO2 → products (R2), where SO and ClSO were monitored under pseudo‐first‐order conditions, and HCO + O2 → CO + HO2 (R3), where CO was monitored by a [1+1] resonance enhanced ionization multiphoton ionization (REMPI) scheme with HCO reacting under pseudo–first‐order conditions. The limitations and potential developments of this setup are described. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 532–545, 2012
A Potential Nanomedicine Consisting of Heparin‐Loaded Polysaccharide Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Asthma
Authors: Oyarzun‐Ampuero Felipe A. , Brea Jose , Loza Maria I. , Alonso Maria J. , Torres Dolores 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA new nanomedicine consisting of chitosan/carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin loaded with unfractioned or low‐molecular‐weight heparin is described and its potential in asthma treatment is evaluated. The nanoparticles are prepared by ionotropic gelation showing a size that between 221 and 729 nm with a positive zeta potential. The drug association efficiency is higher than 70%. Developed nanosystems are stable in Hank's balanced salt solution at pH = 6.4, releasing the drug slowly. Ex vivo assays show that nanocarriers lead to an improvement of heparin preventing mast cell degranulation. These results agree with the effective cellular internalization of the fluorescently labeled nanocarriers, and suggest these nanomedicines as promising formulations for asthma treatment.magnified image
Synthesis, Characterisation and in vitro Anti‐Angiogenic Potential of Dendron VEGF Blockers
Authors: Meikle Steven T. , Perugini Valeria , Guildford Anna L. , Santin Matteo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo overcome the lack of in vivo stability of certain peptides used in cancer treatment and to increase their retention time in the extracellular matrix of the target tissue, the anti‐angiogenic WHLPFKC sequence is synthesised at the uppermost branching generation of a poly(ε‐lysine) dendron. The root of these dendrons is designed to interact preferentially with macromolecules of the extracellular matrix, whilst the uppermost branching generation of the dendron increased the exposed density of the bioactive peptide. Bioactivity testing of the blockers is performed on HUVECs. The results show that the dendron tethered with VEGF blockers was still able to inhibit proliferation and angiogenesis. Their relatively larger structure did not prevent the interaction with VEGF.magnified image
A Conducting Polymer/Protein Composite with Bactericidal and Electroactive Properties
Authors: Teixeira‐Dias Bruno , del Valle Luis J. , Aradilla David , Estrany Francesc , Alemán Carlos 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLysozyme, an enzyme with bactericidal activity over Gram‐positive bacteria cells, is incorporated into PEDOT to prepare films with high biological and electrochemical activity. Two different strategies are used: (1) PEDOT films are coated with a layer of enzyme, which was adsorbed on the surface; and (2) the lysozyme is added to the polymerization medium used for the preparation of the conducting polymer. The enzyme adsorbed at the surface of the polymer produces a biphasic system that retains the electrochemical properties of the conducting polymer but is not able to protect against bacterial growth. In contrast, the addition of lysozyme to the polymerization medium results in a homogeneous composite with high bactericidal and electrochemical activities.magnified image