bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of a CuS04 Treatment on Atmospheric Steel Rust Formation a Mössbauer Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Saragovi-Badler C. , Maier I. A. , Labenski F. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Mössbauer spectroscopy has been used to analyze the rust layers formed on a weathering steel and a 1010 steel exposed for 10-1/2 months to an urban-industrial atmosphere. No significant difference was found comparing the rusts of both steels: they were composed by γ-FeOOH, superparamagnetic α-FeOOH, and an amorphous or gel-like compound. γ-FeOOH is more abundant in the internal rust layers, whereas the amount of α-FeOOH and the amorphous compound increase in the external rusts. Part of the samples received an initial copper deposit by immersion of the steel plates in a CuSO4 bath. Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis showed that the amorphous substance was no longer present in the rusts of those specimens; that is, the rusts of both steels were formed only by γ-FeOOH and α-FeOOH.
Crack Initiation and Growth Analysis by Direct Optical Observation during SSRT in High Temperature Water
Authors: Kawakubo Takashi , Hishida Mamoru 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The stress corrosion cracking behavior during the slow strain rate test (SSRT) has been investigated in high temperature water. SSRTs were performed on center-notched thin plate specimens of sensitized Type 304 stainless steel. A direct optical observation system consisting of single crystal sapphire windows was employed to separate the SCC into an initiation and a growth stage, and to measure the crack growth rate. Effects of the extension rate, test temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration on the crack initiation and growth were examined. The crack growth data were analyzed with different variables, including the elastic plastic fracture mechanics parameters. The best interpretation of the crack growth rates is obtained by plotting them vs the time differential of J-integral, which is an estimate of the crack tip deformation rate during SSRT.
Effect of Platinum Elements Additions on the Active Dissolution of Plastic Chromium in Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Tomashov N. D. , Chernova G. P. , Ustinsky E. N. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Alloys based on plastic chromium with 0.1 to 0.4 mass % Ru, Pd, Ir, or Pt were investigated in 40% sulfuric acid in active state under cathodic polarization (−0.175 V). All of the studied additions of alloying elements are responsible for the reduced anodic dissolution of chromium. The corrosion resistance of alloys depends on the concentration and nature of the alloying additions. Two mechanisms decelerating the active dissolution of the cathode-modified chromium have been established, i.e., blocking mechanism (cathodic component atoms block the active points in the lattice) and screening mechanism (cathodic component, while getting crystallized on the surface, partly screens the latter).
Electrochemical Study of Stainless Steels in High Temperature Urea Solutions
Authors: Matsumoto K. , Shinohara T. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The corrosion of stainless steels in high temperature and high pressure urea solutions was studied by electrochemical measurements together with immersion tests to elucidate the corrosion mechanism and to rationalize the corrosion prevention methods. It was demonstrated that the corrosion of stainless steel was either active region dissolution, caused by the lack of dissolved oxygen, or dissolution near the transpassive region in process fluids with sufficient oxygen. High Cr/low Ni (or Ni-free)/Mo stainless steels were readily passivated. Stainless steels with high Cr content and/or with homogeneous distribution of Cr had superior resistance to corrosion near the transpassive region. As the temperature rose, the passivation current increased. At the same time, dissolution of oxygen into the simulated process fluids was more pronounced; therefore, high temperature was not necessarily unfavorable for passivation. Ammonia content in the process fluids strongly affected the passivation current; the current increased as the NH3:H2O molar ratio fell. By comparing the environmental variables in urea plants with the obtained data, guidelines for suitable corrosion prevention methods were developed.
Enhancing diagnostic performance and image quality in coronary CT angiography: Impact of SnapShot Freeze 2 algorithm across varied heart rates in stent patients
Authors: Wu Zhehao , Han Qijia , Liang Yuying , Zheng Zhijuan , Wu Minyi , Ai Zhu , Ma Kun , Xiang Zhiming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the enhancement of image quality achieved through the utilization of SnapShot Freeze 2 (SSF2), a comparison was made against the results obtained from the original SnapShot Freeze algorithm (SSF) and standard motion correction (STND) in stent patients undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA) across the entire range of heart rates.Materials and methodsA total of 118 patients who underwent CCTA, were retrospectively included in this study. Images of these patients were reconstructed using three different algorithms: SSF2, SSF, and STND. Objective assessments include signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), diameters of stents and artifact index (AI). The image quality was subjectively evaluated by two readers.ResultsCompared with SSF and STND, SSF2 had similar or even higher quality in the parameters (AI, SNR, CNR, inner diameters) of coronary artery, stent, myocardium, MV (mitral valve), TV (tricuspid valve), AV (aorta valve), and PV (pulmonary valve), and aortic root (AO). Besides the above structures, SSF2 also demonstrated comparable or even higher subjective scores in atrial septum (AS), ventricular septum (VS), and pulmonary artery root (PA). Furthermore, the enhancement in image quality with SSF2 was significantly greater in the high heart rate group compared to the low heart rate group. Moreover, the improvement in both high and low heart rate groups was better in the SSF2 group compared to the SSF and STND group. Besides, when using the three algorithms, an effect of heart rate variability on stent image quality was not detected.ConclusionCompared to SSF and STND, SSF2 can enhance the image quality of whole‐heart structures and mitigate artifacts of coronary stents. Furthermore, SSF2 has demonstrated a significant improvement in the image quality for patients with a heart rate equal to or higher than 85 bpm.
Robust Phototaxis by Harnessing Implicit Communication in Modular Soft Robotic Systems
Authors: Schomaker H. A. H. , Picella S. , Küng Garcia A. , van Laake L. C. , Overvelde J. T. B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn robotics, achieving adaptivity in complex environments is challenging. Traditional robotic systems use stiff materials and computationally expensive centralized controllers, while nature often favors soft materials and embodied intelligence. Inspired by nature's distributed intelligence, this study explores a decentralized approach for robust behavior in soft robotic systems without knowledge of their shape or environment. It is demonstrated that only a few basic rules implemented in identical modules that shape the soft robotic system can enable whole‐body phototaxis, navigating on a surface toward a light source, without explicit communication between modules or prior system knowledge. The results reveal the method's effectiveness in generating robust and adaptive behavior in dynamic and challenging environments. Moreover, the approach's simplicity makes it possible to illustrate and understand the underlying mechanism of the observed behavior, paying particular attention to the geometry of the assembled system and the effect of learning parameters. Consequently, the findings offer insights into the development of adaptive, autonomous robotic systems with minimal computational power, paving the way for robust and useful behavior in soft and microscale robots, as well as robotic matter, that operate in real‐world environments.
Integrated Textile Supercapacitors Enhanced with Energy‐Absorbing Spacer Fabrics and Ti3C2Tx MXene
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Zhiyu , Zhang Hongjie , Usman Ken Aldren , Hegh Dylan , Chen Shasha , Yang Fangli , Zhong Zhili , Naebe Maryam , Wang Xungai , Qin Si , Razal Joselito M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of wearable electronics requires energy storage devices capable of withstanding both static and dynamic deformations. The versatility of textile supercapacitors renders them promising candidates, but their low electrochemical performance especially under mechanical deformation, poses many limitations for practical use. In this study, MXene‐based textile supercapacitors are designed and fabricated using hierarchical spacer fabrics as the skeleton to provide robust mechanical support and stable performance. Ti3C2Tx MXene is adopted as the current collector and active material for the spacer fabric supercapacitor, resulting in an impressive areal capacitance of 415 mF cm−2 with a MXene loading of 4.2 mg cm−2. Remarkable stability and durability are achieved in the form of three‐dimensional (3D) textile supercapacitors, even under both static and dynamic deformations. The compressive behaviors of these supercapacitors can be easily adjusted (e.g., from 10 to 168 KPa at 50% compression) by altering the spacer fabric structure, demonstrating their energy‐absorption (damping of kinetic energy) capability and their potential to meet the requirements of various wearable applications.
Modeling Charged Defects Using the Defect Energy Formalism With a Charge Sublattice Within a CALPHAD Framework
Authors: Adekoya Adetoye H. , Snyder G. Jeffrey 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe non‐stoichiometry of material compounds significantly influences their functional properties. In semiconductors, point defects determine whether a material is n‐type or p‐type and the concentration of charge carriers. Even in structural alloys and ion conductors used in batteries and fuel cells, non‐stoichiometry and dilute defects play an integral role in their function. The design of metal alloys has advanced rapidly with the aid of thermodynamic modeling using calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) to predict the phases produced during different processing conditions. While thermodynamic modeling has been done previously by fitting experimental data, the advent of first‐principle techniques has enabled the computational prediction of material properties. The defect energy formalism (DEF) is described for modeling charged and uncharged defects in compounds, showing that it accurately predicts non‐stoichiometry using density functional theory (DFT), without fitting experiments. The model reproduces the expected defect and free‐charge carrier concentrations using the statistical mechanics approach commonly used in most DFT defect studies. Finally, the model is used to accurately predict the single‐phase region of PbTe with no fitting to measured defect concentrations. This method can revolutionize materials development of insulators, semiconductors, and even metals by allowing rapid DFT calculations to replace laborious experiments when dilute defects are involved.
Au/FeNiPO4‐Based Multiple Spectra Optoacoustic Tomography/CT Dual‐Mode Nanoprobe for Systemic Screening of Atherosclerotic Vulnerable Plaque
Authors: Cai Jiageng , Ge Xiaoxiao , Lu Shiyu , Wang Yabin , Cui Hongtu , Zhan Rui , Su Sheng'e , Shan Wenxin , Cai Zhulan , Wu Cencen , Xu Yuan , Zhao Penghui , Li Yanyan , Lan Yue , Sun Le , Guo Shaojun , Zheng Lemin , Zu Lingyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrent diagnostic technique in direct identification of multi‐site plaques and simultaneous assessment of plaque vulnerability remains a challenge, which is crucial for indicating the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). Herein, an osteopontin (OPN)‐specific nanoprobe (OPN Ab‐Au/FeNiPO4@ICG) with both multiple spectra optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) and computed tomography (CT) imaging, is constructed successfully realizing systemic screening of vulnerable plaque. OPN Ab‐Au/FeNiPO4@ICG nanoprobe specifically targeted OPN‐overexpressed foam cells and recognized the vulnerable plaque at the molecular level. In AS mice, CT imaging exhibits that OPN Ab‐Au/FeNiPO4@ICG nanoprobe effectively avoid interference from calcification and accurately visualized AS plaque. MSOT functional imaging results reveals that after the injection of OPN Ab‐Au/FeNiPO4@ICG nanoprobe, the carotid plaque exhibited a much higher MSOT signal than the aortic arch plaque (P = 0.0291). Further pathological analysis displays that the carotid plaque possessed a much higher vulnerability score (P = 0.0247), in agreement with the MSOT signals. More importantly, the linear regression analysis confirms the high correlation between the MSOT signals and plaque vulnerability with R = 0.7095 (P = 0.0216), demonstrating the potential of the proposed nanoprobe in systematic evaluation of plaque vulnerability. This work employs the dual‐model nanoprobe strategy for both plaque localization and vulnerability assessment, greatly advancing the accurate diagnosis of ASCVD.
Granular Biomaterials as Bioactive Sponges for the Sequestration and Release of Signaling Molecules
Authors: Emiroglu Dilara Börte , Singh Apoorv , Marco‐Dufort Bruno , Speck Noël , Rivano Pier Giuseppe , Oakey John S. , Nakatsuka Nako , deMello Andrew J. , Labouesse Céline , Tibbitt Mark W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA major challenge for the regeneration of chronic wounds is an underlying dysregulation of signaling molecules, including inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. To address this, it is proposed to use granular biomaterials composed of jammed microgels, to enable the rapid uptake and delivery of biomolecules, and provide a strategy to locally sequester and release biomolecules. Sequestration assays on model biomolecules of different sizes demonstrate that granular hydrogels exhibit faster transport than comparable bulk hydrogels due to enhanced surface area and decreased diffusion lengths. To demonstrate the potential of modular granular hydrogels to modulate local biomolecule concentrations, microgel scaffolds are engineered that can simultaneously sequester excess pro‐inflammatory factors and release pro‐healing factors. To target specific biomolecules, microgels are functionalized with affinity ligands that bind either to interleukin 6 (IL‐6) or to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A). Finally, disparate microgels are combined into a single granular biomaterial for simultaneous sequestration of IL‐6 and release of VEGF‐A. Overall, the potential of modular granular hydrogels is demonstrated to locally tailor the relative concentrations of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory factors.
Paracrine Ovarian Cancer Cell‐Derived CSF1 Signaling Regulates Macrophage Migration Dynamics in a 3D Microfluidic Model that Recapitulates In Vivo Infiltration Patterns in Patient‐Derived Xenografts
Authors: Scott Alexis L. , Jazwinska Dorota E. , Kulawiec Diana G. , Zervantonakis Ioannis K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA high density of macrophages in the ovarian cancer microenvironment is associated with disease progression and poor outcomes. Understanding cancer‐macrophage interaction mechanisms that establish this pro‐tumorigenic microenvironment is critical for developing macrophage‐targeted therapies. Here, 3D microfluidic assays and patient‐derived xenografts are utilized to define the role of cancer‐derived colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) on macrophage infiltration dynamics toward ovarian cancer cells. It is demonstrated that multiple ovarian cancer models promote the infiltration of macrophages into a 3D extracellular matrix in vitro in a cell density‐dependent manner. Macrophages exhibit directional migration and increased migration speed under both direct interactions with cancer cells embedded within the matrix and paracrine crosstalk with cancer cells seeded in an independent microchannel. It is also found that platinum‐based chemotherapy increases macrophage recruitment and the levels of cancer cell‐derived CSF1. Targeting CSF1 signaling under baseline or chemotherapy‐treatment conditions reduces the number of infiltrated macrophages. It is further shown that results obtained with the 3D microfluidic model reflect the recruitment profiles of macrophages in patient‐derived xenografts in vivo. These findings highlight the role of CSF1 signaling in establishing macrophage‐rich ovarian cancer microenvironments, as well as the utility of microfluidic models in recapitulating 3D tumor ecosystems and dissecting cancer‐macrophage signaling.
Electrolytes for Sodium Ion Batteries: The Current Transition from Liquid to Solid and Hybrid systems
Authors: Darjazi Hamideh , Falco Marisa , Colò Francesca , Balducci Leonardo , Piana Giulia , Bella Federico , Meligrana Giuseppina , Nobili Francesco , Elia Giuseppe A. , Gerbaldi Claudio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) have recently garnered significant interest in being employed alongside conventional lithium‐ion batteries, particularly in applications where cost and sustainability are particularly relevant. The rapid progress in NIBs will undoubtedly expedite the commercialization process. In this regard, tailoring and designing electrolyte formulation is a top priority, as they profoundly influence the overall electrochemical performance and thermal, mechanical, and dimensional stability. Moreover, electrolytes play a critical role in determining the system's safety level and overall lifespan. This review delves into recent electrolyte advancements from liquid (organic and ionic liquid) to solid and quasi‐solid electrolyte (dry, hybrid, and single ion conducting electrolyte) for NIBs, encompassing comprehensive strategies for electrolyte design across various materials, systems, and their functional applications. The objective is to offer strategic direction for the systematic production of safe electrolytes and to investigate the potential applications of these designs in real‐world scenarios while thoroughly assessing the current obstacles and forthcoming prospects within this rapidly evolving field.
Fully 3D‐Printed Miniature Soft Hydraulic Actuators with Shape Memory Effect for Morphing and Manipulation
Authors: Qing Haitao , Chi Yinding , Hong Yaoye , Zhao Yao , Qi Fangjie , Li Yanbin , Yin Jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMiniature shape‐morphing soft actuators driven by external stimuli and fluidic pressure hold great promise in morphing matter and small‐scale soft robotics. However, it remains challenging to achieve both rich shape morphing and shape locking in a fast and controlled way due to the limitations of actuation reversibility and fabrication. Here, fully 3D‐printed, sub‐millimeter thin‐plate‐like miniature soft hydraulic actuators with shape memory effect (SME) for programable fast shape morphing and shape locking, are reported. It combines commercial high‐resolution multi‐material 3D printing of stiff shape memory polymers (SMPs) and soft elastomers and direct printing of microfluidic channels and 2D/3D channel networks embedded in elastomers in a single print run. Leveraging spatial patterning of hybrid compositions and expansion heterogeneity of microfluidic channel networks for versatile hydraulically actuated shape morphing, including circular, wavy, helical, saddle, and warping shapes with various curvatures, are demonstrated. The morphed shapes can be temporarily locked and recover to their original planar forms repeatedly by activating SME of the SMPs. Utilizing the fast shape morphing and locking in the miniature actuators, their potential applications in non‐invasive manipulation of small‐scale objects and fragile living organisms, multimodal entanglement grasping, and energy‐saving manipulators, are demonstrated.
Tandem Fields Facilitating Directional Carrier Migration in Van der Waals Heterojunction for Efficient Overall Piezo‐Synthesis of H2O2
Authors: Xu Jing , Che Huinan , Tang Chunmei , Liu Bin , Ao Yanhui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPiezo‐synthesis of H2O2 utilizing sustainable mechanical energy as well as earth‐abundant water and oxygen is a green, cost‐effective, and promising approach. However, achieving simultaneous two‐electron water oxidation reaction (2e− WOR) and two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) faces huge challenges due to insufficient synergistic active sites and slow/messy carrier transfer. Herein, a novel 2D/2D van der Waals heterojunction consisting of BiOIO3 and carbon nitride (BIO/CN) is elaborately designed for highly efficient overall H2O2 piezo‐synthesis. Theoretical/experimental results reveal that a Z‐scheme electron transfer is formed and facilitated by the tandem interfacial electric field and the bulk piezo‐polarization field. On this basis, the carriers are efficiently separated while the oxidation/reduction capacity is preserved, thus providing the strong driving force for the 2e− WOR and 2e− ORR on BIO and CN, respectively. Furthermore, the kinetic and thermodynamic processes of WOR and ORR for H2O2 synthesis improve remarkably. Therefore, BIO/CN exhibits an excellent H2O2 yield of 259.8 µM within 30 min in pure water and air atmosphere (without any sacrificial agents and aeration). This study provides a new idea on strategically controlling electron transfer toward high‐efficiency H2O2 piezo‐synthesis and expands the avenue for developing effective environmental purification materials.
Laser‐Scribed Battery Electrodes for Ultrafast Zinc‐Ion Energy Storage
Authors: Liu Bo , Huang Ailun , Yuan Xintong , Chang Xueying , Yang Zhiyin , Lyle Katelyn , Kaner Richard B. , Li Yuzhang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAqueous Zn batteries are promising for large‐scale energy storage but are plagued by the lack of high‐performance cathode materials that enable high specific capacity, ultrafast charging, and outstanding cycling stability. Here, a laser‐scribed nano‐vanadium oxide (LNVO) cathode is designed that can simultaneously achieve these properties. The material stores charge through Faradaic redox reactions on/near the surface at fast rates owing to the small grain size of vanadium oxide and interpenetrating 3D graphene network, displaying a surface‐controlled capacity contribution (90%–98%). Multiple characterization techniques unambiguously reveal that zinc and hydronium ions co‐insert with minimal lattice change upon cycling. It is demonstrated that a high specific capacity of 553 mAh g−1 is achieved at 0.1 A g−1, and an impressive 264 mAh g−1 capacity is retained at 100 A g−1 within 10 s, showing excellent rate capability. The LNVO/Zn can also reach >90% capacity retention after 3000 cycles at a high rate of 30 A g−1, as well as achieving both high energy (369 Wh kg−1) and power densities (56306 W kg−1). Moreover, the LNVO cathode retains its excellent cycling performance when integrated into quasi‐solid‐state pouch cells, further demonstrating mechanical stability and its potential for practical application in wearable and grid‐scale applications.