bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated limb infusion with cytotoxic agents: A simplified approach for venous access
Authors: Vyas Ajit , Avritscher Rony , Ensor Joe , Ross Merrick , Wallace Michael J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Isolated limb infusion (ILI) of cytotoxic agents is a regional therapy for cutaneous malignancies in a single extremity. Conventional ILI technique requires retrograde catheterization of the contralateral femoral vein. A novel modified ILI technique uses an ipsilateral popliteal venous approach. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of ILI using the 2 different approaches.METHODS:Data from patients who underwent lower‐extremity ILI at the authors' institution between October 2005 and June 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The authors compared the 2 ILI approaches with regard to overall procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and the number of callbacks to the operating room (OR) for flow‐related issues. The Student t test and Fisher exact test were used. Adverse events, including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the treated limb, were recorded.RESULTS:Between October 2005 and June 2008, 67 lower‐extremity ILI procedures (15 using a contralateral venous access approach and 52 using an ipsilateral venous access approach) were performed in 62 patients (28 men and 34 women aged 31‐82 years). The mean fluoroscopy times for the contralateral and ipsilateral groups were 17.9 and 8.3 minutes, respectively (P = .0019). No significant difference in the overall procedure time and number of callbacks to the OR for flow‐related issues between the 2 groups was identified.CONCLUSIONS:The ipsilateral popliteal venous approach is a simplified and safe ILI technique with significantly lower overall fluoroscopy procedure times required for catheter placement and no difference in catheter‐related adverse events, when compared with the conventional contralateral approach. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A Pentanuclear Cu/Co/Ni Complex with 2‐(Dimethylamino)ethanol – Observation of a Rare Molecular Structure Type and Its Place in General Structural Types: An Analysis of the Cambridge Structural Database
Authors: Nesterov Dmytro S. , Kokozay Vladimir N. , Skelton Brian W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHeterotrimetallic complex [CuII2CoIINiII2(Me2Ea)5Cl5(H2O)]·CH3CN·H2O has been prepared in a one‐pot reaction of zero‐valent copper with cobalt and nickel chlorides in an acetonitrile solution of 2‐(dimethylamino)ethanol (HMe2Ea) in the open air. The metal stoichiometry obtained by atomic absorption analysis was further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction investigations. The pentanuclear molecule is formed by a previously unknown combination of incomplete cube M3(μ3‐X)(μ‐X)3 and triangle bipyramidal M3(μ3‐X)2(μ‐X)2 fragments, resulting in a zigzag arrangement of metal centers within one molecule. This type of arrangement is very uncommon for pentanuclear complexes and in particular for complexes with an odd number of metal centers. A search of the Cambridge Structural Database showed that the number of coordination compounds possessing an even number of metals is significantly greater than those containing an odd number. Possible reasons for such a distribution, as well as the synthetic and structural features of the presented compound, are discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
On‐chip coupling of free‐solution transient ITP and CGE for highly efficient separation of dsDNA with variable sample loading amounts
Authors: Liu Dayu , Chen Bin , Wang Lihui , Zhou Xiaomian 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe developed an on‐chip DNA analysis method, in which free‐solution transient isotachophoresis (FstITP) were coupled with CGE. Using chloride ions in the sample matrix and HEPES in the background electrolyte, respectively, as the leading and terminating ions, dsDNAs were isotachophoretically preconcentrated in free‐solution and then separated in sieving polymer. The coupling of FstITP and CGE enabled higher separation efficiency due to higher preconcentration rate in free‐solution. The FstITP‐CGE analysis offered adjustable signal intensities by varying sample injection time. With the maximum sample loading volume, the LOD of the FstITP‐CGE analysis was determined to be 0.24 ng/mL by confocal laser‐induced fluorescence detection. The FstITP‐CGE method is simple, robust and flexible, thus well suited to the analysis of highly saline DNA samples at different concentration level.
Continuous fractionation of a two‐component mixture by zone electrophoresis
Authors: Zalewski Dawid R. , Gardeniers Han J.G.E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSynchronized continuous‐flow zone electrophoresis is a recently demonstrated tool for performing electrophoretic fractionation of a complex sample. The method resembles free flow electrophoresis, but unlike in that technique, no mechanical fluid pumping is required. Instead, fast electrokinetic flow switching is used to produce complex stream patterns, which results in lateral separation of components in a separation chamber. Here a solution is presented which allows for simultaneous collection of two fractions in synchronized continuous‐flow zone electrophoresis. The method is demonstrated on a model mixture, with subsequent evaluation of the collected fractions purity by MCE. The necessary theoretical background is provided including both steering schemes and calculations of optimum operating points.
Polymer microchip CE of proteins either off‐ or on‐chip labeled with chameleon dye for simplified analysis
Authors: Yu Ming , Wang Hsiang‐Yu , Woolley Adam T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMicrochip CE of proteins labeled either off‐ or on‐chip with the “chameleon” CE dye 503 using poly(methyl methacrylate) microchips is presented. A simple dynamic coating using the cationic surfactant CTAB prevented nonspecific adsorption of protein and dye to the channel walls. The labeling reactions for both off‐ and on‐chip labeling proceeded at room temperature without requiring heating steps. In off‐chip labeling, a 9 ng/mL concentration detection limit for BSA, corresponding to a ∼7 fg (100 zmol) mass detection limit, was obtained. In on‐chip tagging, the free dye and protein were placed in different reservoirs of the microchip, and an extra incubation step was not needed. A 1 μg/mL concentration detection limit for BSA, corresponding to a ∼700 fg (10 amol) mass detection limit, was obtained from this protocol. The earlier elution time of the BSA peak in on‐chip labeling resulted from fewer total labels on each protein molecule. Our on‐chip labeling method is an important part of automation in miniaturized devices.
Investigation of substitution effects on novel Ru–dppz complexes by Raman spectroscopy in combination with DFT methods
Authors: Kuhnt Christian , Tschierlei Stefanie , Karnahl Michael , Rau Sven , Dietzek Benjamin , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe present a combined Raman–density functional theory (DFT) study of novel dipyridophenazine (dppz) derivatives and their Ru–bipyridine complexes. Our results show that the molecular architecture of dppz and its Ru complexes can be considered to consist of two independent moieties, the structural ground state properties of which can be tuned independently by means of side‐specific substitution. These results are expected to be of importance for the design of highly specific dppz‐based DNA sensors. Methodologically, the results presented in this paper highlight the power of a combined Raman–DFT approach to unravel the details of the structural properties of complex molecules. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Labeling of cervical lymph node levels during neck dissection: From ex vivo to in situ mapping
Authors: Woo Seung Hoon , So Yoon Kyoung , Jeong Jong‐In , Byun Hayoung , Lee Won‐Yong , Jeong Han‐Sin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the error rate of ex vivo mapping and to evaluate in situ mapping of lymph node (LN) levels during neck dissection (ND)MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the pathological data on metastatic LN levels in head and neck cancer patients that had ND and ex vivo mapping of LN levels. Among them, we included the data from 43 patients that had a high risk for metastatic nodes based on both the preoperative CT and PET/CT. We compared the metastatic node levels based on the radiological studies and surgical pathology. In addition, we prospectively evaluated the accuracy of in situ mapping (N = 20).ResultsWith ex vivo mapping, the discrepancy between the radiological results and the pathological reports was 11.6% (5 out of 43); two side mismatches, two up down mismatches, and one faulty labeling, and in 7.0% (3 out of 43), the adjuvant treatment was redirected. However, in situ mapping of LN levels during ND resulted in no differences between the post‐operative pathological and preoperative radiological findings.ConclusionEx vivo mapping of LN levels had an error rate of 11.6% in labeling of LN levels. In situ mapping of cervical LN levels during ND provided more accurate results about the status of LN metastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;101:122–126. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gold Encapsulated Chitosan‐Poly(acrylic acid) Hybrid Hollow Nanospheres
Authors: Ding Yin , Chen Qi , Qian Hanqing , Chen Ying , Wu Wei , Hu Yong , Jiang Xiqun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChitosan‐poly(acrylic acid)‐gold (CS‐PAA‐Au) hybrid hollow nanospheres were prepared by reducing gold salts to gold nanoparticles in chitosan‐acrylic acid (CS‐AA) aqueous solution, followed by polymerization of AA monomer and selectively crosslinking chitosan at the end of polymerization. The payload of Au nanoparticles within the CS‐PAA hollow nanospheres could be controlled by varying the addition amount of gold salts in the reaction system. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that multi‐crystal gold nanoparticles were encapsulated inside the CS‐PAA nanospheres. TEM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that these hybrid nanospheres had a hollow structure. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy confirmed the existence of gold nanoparticles inside the CS‐PAA‐Au hybrid nanospheres. These hollow CS‐PAA‐Au hybrid nanospheres showed a typical surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of gold nanoparticles around 526 nm, and offered excellent stability at different temperatures and in acidic media. Also, no inhibition of cell proliferation and no cytotoxic effects were observed in the presence of CS‐PAA‐Au hybrid nanospheres, which renders them good candidates for potential application in biomedical fields.magnified image
Saturation energy of shake process in photoionization
Authors: Mukoyama Takeshi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe saturation effect of the shake process in photoionization has been studied. The electron shakeup and shakeoff probabilities accompanying K‐shell photoionization have been calculated as a function of incident photon energy in the sudden approximation with taking into account the energy sharing between the photoelectron and the shake electron. The saturation energy is larger for the shakeoff process than for the shakeup process and is smaller for larger principal quantum number n and for larger orbital quantum number l when n is same. This behavior is in qualitative agreement with the experimental results and the dependence of the saturation energy on n and l can be explained due to the energy sharing between two electrons. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Starlings as Distributors of “Gapes.”
Authors: Lewis E. Aneurin 
Published: November 2009

(1) Of 482 starlings examined during the period November 1925 to February 1926, 169 were infested with the Gapeworm (S. trachealis): the percentage of infected birds being 35 per cent. This confirms the previous observations when the writer found 14 infected birds out of 38.(2) There is a suggestion of a gradual increase, towards March, in the percentage of starlings infected.(3) The average length of the gapeworm in starlings is much the same as the average length of the gapeworm of chickens.(4) Welsh names for gapes are given.(5) Gapes among chickens occurs in Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire from March to August; in young turkeys in May and June; and in adult turkeys and pheasants throughout the year.(6) Starlings, turkeys and pheasants act as a bridging, between November to March when few or no young chickens occur for the propagation and distribution of the gapeworm.(7) Cases are instanced of (a) a sudden outbreak of gapes among chickens kept in an area where no turkeys have been kept, (b) heavy losses among pheasants on an estate which starlings had previously frequented in very large flocks.(8) Owing to the higher percentage of infection and its wider migrations, the starling is here considered as a more effective distributor of the disease than turkeys. Other wild birds, such as pheasants, thrushes, rooks and jays, also play a part in spreading the gapeworm and the disease this worm causes.
Field Experiments in Ayrshire on Control of Heterodera schachtii by the use of Chloroacetates
Authors: O'Brien D. G. , Gemmell A. R. , Prentice I. W. , Wylie S. M. 
Published: November 2009

The effect of calcium and ammonium chloroacetates in increasing the yield of potatoes grown in Ayrshire fields infected with Heterodera schachtii is demonstrated.From the examination of roots of treated and untreated plants it is believed that this increase in yield is due to a reduction in the eelworm infection, and from hatching experiments this reduction is thought to be the result of the action of calcium chloroacetate in retarding and reducing the hatching of larvae from the cysts.
A Phenothiazine Experiment Statistically Treated
Authors: Peters B. G. , Leiper J. W. G. , Clapham P. A. 
Published: November 2009

In a previous paper, Peters & J. Leiper (1940) pleaded that, in anthelmintic experiments, the statistical problem of variation should be considered, not only so as to assess the significance of treatment differences after the results have come to hand, but also with a view to the prior construction of an experimental design capable of giving reliable answers to the questions posed. Reference was made to the “Enormous expenditure of time, labour and money” on anthelmintic experiments, the results of which usually remain undigested and of unknown significance.While the paper was passing through the press a symposium on phenothiazine as an anthelmintic, led and summarized by Taylor & Sanderson (1940), was published in the Veterinary Record. The symposium deals with “Work carried out in various parts of the country and co-ordinated through the Agricultural Research Council” it covers some 150 horses, 300 to 400 sheep, 70 to 80 goats, and a few cattle, pigs, and dogs. The drug was found to be remarkably efficient against horse strongyles and the stomach-worms of ruminants, and in varying degree less efficient against other worms.Extensive tables of egg-counts, worm-counts, and weights of animals are published in the symposium. It was usual to count eggs or weigh animals once before treatment and several times afterwards. The repeated after-treatment determinations are made in order to detect a general trend in egg-counts or weights: in other words there is no attempt to measure and make allowance for the very considerable upand- down variation from day to day.
Some Observations on the Behaviour of Cercaria doricha Rothschild, 1935
Authors: Brown K. N. 
Published: November 2009

The positions adopted by C. doricha Rothschild, 1985 during swimming and resting periods are described.A sharp decrease in the amount of swimming carried on by the cercariae was shown to occur in the first few hours. A change of activity from long swimming and long resting periods to irregular swimming and resting was also demonstrated. The active life of these cercariae was found to be from two to three days.The possible vertical distribution of C. doricha in the sea is tentatively discussed.
On Hepatinema karachiensis gen. et sp. nov. (Thelaziidae Railliet, 1916) from a Marine Fish of Pakistan, with a Note on the Genus Filochona (Saidov, 1954) Yamaguti, 1961
Authors: Rasheed Suraiya 
Published: November 2009

1. A new genus of a spiruroid nematode belonging to the family Thelaziidae is described from the liver of a marine fish, Chorinemus tala from Karachi, Pakistan. The genus is based on the structure of the head, the presence of body papillae, the peculiar female reproductive system, the position of the vulva etc. This is the first record of a nematode from the liver of a fish.2. The genus Filochona (Saidov, 1954) Yamaguti, 1961 is synonymised with Rhabdochona and the subfamily Filochoninae Yamaguti, 1961 is suppressed.
A Survey of the Intestinal Helminths Parasitic in British Domestic Fowl
Authors: Wakelin D. 
Published: November 2009

1. Examination of 289 fowl showed that 69·2% were infected with intestinal helminths. The following 6 species were identified: Ascaridia galli (33·6%), Capillaria anatis (10·4%), C. caudinflata (15·9%), C. obsignata (45·3%), Davainea proglottina (0·7%) and Heterakis gallinarum (60·9%).2. No parasites were found in the upper intestines of 151 fowl.3. The results are compared with those of previous surveys and are discussed in relation to the age and management of the birds.
Immunization of calves against the microfilariae of Onchocerca lienalis
Authors: Townson Simon , Bianco A. E. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThree Jersey bull calves were immunized by subcutaneous injections of sonicated Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae suspended in phosphate buffered saline, and three control animals were injected with medium only. All calves received booster injections 27 days later, and were challenged with live microfilariae 44 days after the booster. Following challenge, only the immunized animals developed an elevated level of circulating eosinophils. When necropsied ten days after challenge there was a 97% reduction in recoveries of microfilariae from immunized animals compared to challenge controls. In human onchocerciasis it is the microfilariae which are the principal cause of pathology, and we believe that studies on O. lienalis in both the natural bovine host and in inbred rodents provide a promising model to investigate immunity to Onchocerca microfilariae.
Experimental Trichinella spiralis infection in the ferret, Mustela putorius furo
Authors: Campbell William C. , Blair Lyndia Slayton , Kung Fan-Yao , Ewanciw Debra Vislocky 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTLaboratory ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were each inoculated with 500 larvae of a strain of Trichinella spiralis that had been passaged in mice for many generations. The recovery of adult worms from ferrets on Days 4 and 7 of infection represented a mean of 32% of the inoculum, with most of the worms being in the anterior three quarters of the small intestine. Larvae subsequently became encysted in the ferret musculature, with the diaphragm alone yielding as many as 5,750 larvae upon digestion.For comparative purposes, mice were each inoculated with 200 T. spiralis from the same batch of larvae. The recovery of adult worms from mice represented a mean of 54% of the inoculum. An abrupt decline in worm population, typical of infections in the mouse, was observed in both mouse and ferret hosts; in neither species had the decline begun on Day 7 of infection, but it had clearly begun by Day 11 and was essentially ended by Day 14.
Thyroid disorders in older people
Authors: Verma Ajit , Hasan Taj 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThyroid disorders become more common with advancing age. Clinical features of hypothyroidism overlap with signs and symptoms often present in euthyroid older people and there is high likelihood of misdiagnosis. Conversely, there may be a relative paucity of signs and symptoms in hyperthyroid older people. A large number of patients may have subclinical disease. High suspicion and confirmation by laboratory assay is the key to correct diagnosis, though thyroid function tests should be interpreted with caution during acute illnesses. There is a reduced requirement for levothyroxine replacement in elderly hypothyroid patients and dosage should be titrated up cautiously as it can unmask symptoms of ischaemic heart disease. Drug interactions should be taken into account because a number of drugs interfere with levothyroxine absorption and metabolism. Radioactive iodine ablation of overactive thyroid tissue is the preferred treatment of hyperthyroidism in older people.
A lethal ovitrap‐based mass trapping scheme for dengue control in Australia: II. Impact on populations of the mosquito Aedes aegypti
Authors: RAPLEY L. P. , JOHNSON P. H. , WILLIAMS C. R. , SILCOCK R. M. , LARKMAN M. , LONG S. A. , RUSSELL R. C. , RITCHIE S. A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract.In Cairns, Australia, the impacts on Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) populations of two types of ‘lure & kill’ (L&K) lethal ovitraps (LOs), the standard lethal ovitrap (SLO) and the biodegradable lethal ovitrap (BLO) were measured during three mass‐trapping interventions. To assess the efficacy of the SLO, two interventions (one dry season and one wet season) were conducted in three discrete areas, each lasting 4 weeks, with the following treatments: (i) SLOs (>200 traps, ∼4/premise), BG‐sentinel traps (BGSs; ∼15, 1/premise) and larval control (container reduction and methoprene treatment) and (ii) larval control alone, and (iii) untreated control. Female Ae. aegypti populations were monitored for 4 weeks pre‐ and post‐treatment in all three areas using BGSs and sticky ovitraps (SOs) or non‐lethal regular ovitraps (ROs). In the dry season, 206 SLOs and 15 BGSs set at 54 and 15 houses, respectively, caught and killed an estimated 419 and 73 female Ae. aegypti, respectively. No significant decrease in collection size of female Ae. aegypti could be attributed to the treatments. In the wet season, 243 SLOs and 15 BGSs killed ∼993 and 119 female Ae. aegypti, respectively. The mean number of female Ae. aegypti collected after 4 weeks with SOs and BGSs was significantly less than the control (LSD post‐hoc test). The third mass‐trapping intervention was conducted using the BLO during the wet season in Cairns. For this trial, three treatment areas were each provided with BLOs (>500, ∼4/premise) plus larval control, and an untreated control area was designated. Adult female Ae. aegypti were collected for 4 weeks pre‐ and post‐treatment using 15 BGSs and 20 SOs. During this period, 53.2% of BLOs contained a total of 6654 Ae. aegypti eggs. Over the intervention period, collections of Ae. aegypti in the treatment areas were significantly less than in the control area for BGSs but not SOs. An influx of relatively large numbers of young females may have confounded the measurement of changes in populations of older females in these studies. This is an important issue, with implications for assessing delayed action control measures, such as LOs and parasites/pathogens that aim to change mosquito age structure. Finally, the high public acceptability of SLOs and BLOs, coupled with significant impacts on female Ae. aegypti populations in two of the three interventions reported here, suggest that mass trapping with SLOs and BLOs can be an effective component of a dengue control strategy.