bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric vehicle battery equalization technology applied to vehicle-to-grid
Authors: Zeng Shunqi , Ma Xiangzhui , Hu Linlin , Su Hengxun , Yu Qi , Li Li , Chen Yunpeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) do not rely on oil and are in line with the low-carbon concept; vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology can quickly and flexibly dispatch the energy storage of EVs, which has an extensive development prospect. Automotive battery equalization technology can allow many series-connected lithium-ion batteries in EVs to be fully charged and discharged simultaneously, significantly improving the battery pack's available capacity and operational safety. Considering the actual needs of EVs, the optimized buck-boost-based equalization circuit is proposed, which has the advantages of simplicity, small size, and high reliability. Meanwhile, this article presents the optimized voltage-based equalization control strategy, which has the advantages of convenient control and is easy to implement. It analyzes in detail the working principle of the proposed equalization technology and its applicability to EVs. A test platform is built for testing, and the results show that the consistency of battery cells in the battery pack is significantly improved under three working conditions: resting, charging, and discharging. The experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed strategy.
Nano-thermal energy storage system for application in solar cooker
Authors: Sivaramakrishnaiah M , Reddy B Surya Prakash , Subhanjeneyulu P V , Sreenivasulu N , Veeralingam B , Paramasivam Prabhu , Gurulakshmi B V 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Most of the household relies on an LPG cooking stove for meal preparation, with approximately 20 crore families across India consuming 1.5 lakh crores of LPG annually. Due to their dependency on open areas, present solar cookers are useless at night and morning, restricting usage to the afternoon despite sufficient solar radiation for 9–10 months. Phase-change materials and expensive thermal energy storage (TES) devices are needed for conventional solar thermal power facilities. An economical TES system using parabolic sun dish collectors is needed to decrease LPG import costs and pollution. In response, this project aims to design a solar parabolic dish collector coupled with a TES system, utilizing specially engineered carbon bricks to enhance heat storage and retrieval capacities while reducing initial costs. Employing ANSYS-CFX software, the TES system undergoes thorough examination. Computational fluid dynamics analysis is conducted to evaluate heat transfer coefficients for both the hot fluid, responsible for heating the bricks, and the cold fluid, which cools them. The results reveal heat transfer coefficients ranging from 15 to 20 W/m2 K for the hot fluid and 25 to 40 W/m2 K for the cold fluid, with the latter demonstrating higher coefficients attributed to air’s higher density compared to the hot fluid’s lower density. Overall, the TES system exhibits an estimated heat transfer coefficient of 20–25 W/m2 K, facilitating efficient heating and recovery of heat.
Study on the effects of low-carbon education on the carbon emissions of college students: a case study in Guangdong Province
Authors: Junting Zhang , Shun Lyu , Zefeng Chen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
College students are the main force in low-carbon society and social governance, and therefore, their awareness of low-carbon is of vital importance. This article indicates a case study about the effects of low-carbon education on the carbon emissions of college students. In 2019, low-carbon education was promoted on the campus of Shunde Polytechnic and questionnaire survey and interview method were used to study the carbon emissions and low-carbon behaviors of college students after 3 years. Based on the results, the carbon emissions of college students in the aspects of food and daily use accounted for 53.8% and 40.8%, respectively, of the total carbon emissions. In the aspect of food, wine and staple foods accounted for a higher proportion. Their per capital carbon emissions were 291.536 kg and 454.651 kg, respectively. The main contributor to daily use was laptops, which emitted 530.351 kg of carbon per capital. The carbon emissions of clothing, housing, and transportation were relatively low. It is found that low-carbon facilities and measures and low-carbon living environments in colleges have a very positive effect on the reduction of carbon emissions of college students. But the disunity between knowing and doing is still common among college students. Therefore, further measures must be taken to improve the situation.
Gap Between Lyapunov Exponents for Hitchin Representations
Authors: Costantini Matteo , Martin-Baillon Florestan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study Lyapunov exponents for flat bundles over hyperbolic curves defined via parallel transport over the geodesic flow. We consider them as invariants on the space of Hitchin representations and show that there is a gap between any two consecutive Lyapunov exponents. Moreover we show that the minimal possible gap for any two consecutive Lyapunov exponents is achieved if and only if the representation is the one uniformizing the hyperbolic structure of the surface. We give two proofs of the previous fact. In the first one, we relate the Lyapunov exponents to a transverse Lyapunov exponent associated to a deformation of the unstable foliation of the geodesic flow, and we establish a general bound for this quantity. In the second one, we relate Lyapunov exponents to the renormalized intersection product in the setting of the thermodynamic formalism developed by Bridgeman, Canary, Labourie, and Sambarino and we use the already existing bound for such a quantity.
Burosumab treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia patients: interim analysis of the SUNFLOWER longitudinal, observational cohort study
Authors: Michigami Toshimi , Kang Hee Gyung , Namba Noriyuki , Ito Nobuaki , Kubota Takuo , Shintani Ayumi , Kabata Daijiro , Kanematsu Masanori , Nishida Yayoi , Fukumoto Seiji , Ozono Keiichi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a genetic disease that results in excessive FGF23, chronic hypophosphatemia, and musculoskeletal abnormalities, with affected patients experiencing symptoms such as bone pain, bone deformity, fracture, and pseudofracture. Burosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to FGF23, improving lowered serum 1,25(OH)2D and phosphate levels in patients with XLH. There are insufficient data on the use of burosumab, its safety, and the outcomes of treated patients in a real-world setting. The SUNFLOWER (Study of longitUdinal observatioN For patients with X-Linked hypOphosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia in collaboration With Asian partnERs) study is an ongoing longitudinal, observational cohort study of patients with XLH in Japan and South Korea. Enrollment occurred between April 2018 and December 2020. This interim analysis compared the background characteristics of patients who received burosumab with those who did not, and assessed improvements in biomarkers, physical and motor function, health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) and other patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures, as well as the safety of burosumab treatment in 143 Japanese patients from 15 institutions over 6 mo. The patients had a median [interquartile range] age of 17.5 [11.0, 38.8] yr and 98 (68.5%) were female. Among patients aged &lt;18 and ≥18 yr, 40/73 (54.8%) and 25/70 (35.7%) received burosumab, respectively. More patients aged ≥18 who received burosumab had bone pain at baseline vs those not treated with burosumab (6/25, 24.0% vs 2/45, 4.4%, p=.021). Patients treated with burosumab had improved serum phosphate and 1,25(OH)2D levels; moreover, rickets severity and HRQOL/PRO measures, such as pain, appeared to improve over 6 mo of burosumab treatment, and no new safety concerns were identified. This study identified trends in the background characteristics of patients with XLH who receive burosumab in real-world clinical practice. Furthermore, the results support the use of burosumab therapy in real-world settings.
Cranial Ultrasound Findings in Infants With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Universal Newborn Screening Study in Minnesota
Authors: Kruc Rebecca M , Osterholm Erin A , Holm Tara , Nestrasil Igor , Lanzieri Tatiana M , Schleiss Mark R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common infectious cause of neurodevelopmental deficits in US children. To inform patient management, it is important to define whether central nervous system (CNS) manifestations are present at birth. This study characterized neuroimaging findings in infants with cCMV identified by a universal screening study in Minnesota during February 2016–December 2022.

Methods
Newborns with cCMV infection (confirmed by urine CMV polymerase chain reaction [PCR] testing, obtained following a positive screening saliva and/or dried blood spot result) underwent a diagnostic evaluation that included a cranial ultrasound (cUS) exam, laboratory studies, ophthalmological, and audiological evaluation. Neuroimaging findings and cCMV disease classification were interpreted based on international consensus guidelines.

Results
Among 87 newborns with confirmed cCMV, 76 underwent cUS. Of these, 53/76 (70%) had normal examinations, while 23/76 (30%) exhibited cUS findings: for 5 infants, these were clearly cCMV disease-defining, while for 18 infants, there were findings of uncertain significance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results (n = 10 infants) aligned with cUS cCMV disease-defining findings in 2 infants, while cCMV-specific abnormalities were noted by MRI in 2 of 6 infants with nondiagnostic/incidental cUS findings. Of 9 infants who had both cUS and MRI examination, the average time interval between studies was 220 days (range, 2–1061). Excluding infants with cCMV CNS disease-defining cUS abnormalities, incidental findings were observed more commonly in infants with clinical/laboratory features described in cCMV disease classification guidelines (9/13) than in newborns with completely asymptomatic infections (9/58; P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
Among infants with cCMV identified in a universal screening study, the majority had a normal cUS. CNS disease-defining abnormalities were present in 7%, while 24% had findings of uncertain significance. We propose that many cUS findings are incidental, and not diagnostic of symptomatic cCMV infection. Although these findings may not be sufficient to define the presence of symptomatic cCMV disease involving the CNS, in our study they were more commonly observed in infants with other clinical and/or laboratory findings associated with symptomatic cCMV infection.
Advances of surgical robotics: image-guided classification and application
Authors: Li Changsheng , Zhang Gongzi , Zhao Baoliang , Xie Dongsheng , Du Hailong , Duan Xingguang , Hu Ying , Zhang Lihai 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Surgical robotics application in the field of minimally invasive surgery has developed rapidly and has been attracting increasingly more research attention in recent years. A common consensus has been reached that surgical procedures are to become less traumatic and with the implementation of more intelligence and higher autonomy, which is a serious challenge faced by the environmental sensing capabilities of robotic systems. One of the main sources of environmental information for robots are images, which are the basis of robot vision. In this review article, we divide clinical image into direct and indirect based on the object of information acquisition, and into continuous, intermittent continuous, and discontinuous according to the target-tracking frequency. The characteristics and applications of the existing surgical robots in each category are introduced based on these two dimensions. Our purpose in conducting this review was to analyze, summarize, and discuss the current evidence on the general rules on the application of image technologies for medical purposes. Our analysis gives insight and provides guidance conducive to the development of more advanced surgical robotics systems in the future.
Silvery fullerene in Ag102 nanosaucer
Authors: Wang Zhi , Wang Yuchen , Zhang Chengkai , Zhu Yan-Jie , Song Ke-Peng , Aikens Christine M , Tung Chen-Ho , Sun Di 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Despite the discovery of a series of fullerenes and a handful of noncarbon clusters with the typical topology of Ih-C60, the smallest fullerene with a large degree of curvature, C20, and its other-element counterparts are difficult to isolate experimentally. In coinage metal nanoclusters (NCs), the first all-gold fullerene, Au32, was discovered after a long-lasting pursuit, but the isolation of similar silvery fullerene structures is still challenging. Herein, we report a flying saucer-shaped 102-nuclei silver NC (Ag102) with a silvery fullerene kernel of Ag32, which is embraced by a robust cyclic anionic passivation layer of (KPO4)10. This Ag32 kernel can be viewed as a non-centered icosahedron Ag12 encaged into a dodecahedron Ag20, forming the silvery fullerene of Ag12@Ag20. The anionic layer (KPO4)10 is located at the interlayer between the Ag32 kernel and Ag70 shell, passivating the Ag32 silvery fullerene and templating the Ag70 shell. The tBuPhS− and CF3COO− ligands on the silver shell show a regioselective arrangement with the 60 tBuPhS− ligands as expanders covering the upper and lower of the flying saucer and 10 CF3COO− as terminators neatly encircling the edges of the structure. In addition, Ag102 shows excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (η) from the visible to near-infrared region (η = 67.1% ± 0.9% at 450 nm, 60.9% ± 0.9% at 660 nm and 50.2% ± 0.5% at 808 nm), rendering it a promising material for photothermal converters and potential application in remote laser ignition. This work not only captures silver kernels with the topology of the smallest fullerene C20, but also provides a pathway for incorporating alkali metal (M) into coinage metal NCs via M-oxoanions.
Equity issues associated with the widespread implementation of autonomous vehicles
Authors: Fatima Saba , Hsiu Lee Chieh , Dannenberg Andrew L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Autonomous vehicles (AVs), either shared or privately owned, are predicted to become a common transport mode used by the general population in coming decades. Policies governing the use of AVs may increase or decrease social inequities. This review synthesizes existing literature and provides policy recommendations to enhance equity as the use of AVs becomes more widespread. We identified nine areas in which AVs could impact equity: (i) assessment of community mobility needs and priorities, (ii) education and outreach, (iii) disparities in infrastructure quality, (iv) equitable distribution of customer services, (v) access to AVs by persons with low incomes, (vi) shared infrastructure services, (vii) barriers to shared AV use, (viii) access to AVs by persons with disabilities and (ix) disruption of existing transportation jobs. Recommendations for promoting equitable use of AVs include (i) policies governing how jurisdictions oversee AV implementation and (ii) policies addressing how jurisdictions issue permits to AV service providers. Oversight policies include ensuring input from disadvantaged communities, providing subsidies for low-income users, establishing ride-sharing rules to protect vulnerable populations, reviewing the equity implications of proposed AV infrastructure improvements, providing retraining opportunities for those who may lose jobs due to AV implementation and monitoring the impact of AV policies implemented. Permitting processes include ensuring equitable access to AVs for low-income, minority, and older users and persons with disabilities, ensuring equitable distribution of AV service areas and verifying that data from all communities are incorporated into the artificial intelligence algorithms used to guide AVs.
Effects of maternal methylparaben exposure on the offspring population dynamics varied between amictic and mictic mothers of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus
Authors: Bian Shijun , Niu Cuijuan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Maternal effect plays important role in adaptive evolution and population dynamics. Methylparaben (Mep) is a common organic pollutant exerting diverse impacts on aquatic organisms. However, the impact of maternal Mep exposure on offspring remains poorly understood. This study was designed to explore whether maternal Mep exposure can affect the offspring’s population performance, either by amictic mothers in parthenogenesis phase, or by mictic mothers in sexual reproduction phase of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Here, we exposed either amictic or mictic mothers from one clonal laboratory population to 20 mg/L Mep (T environment) until the offspring or resting eggs were collected. A parallel control group without Mep (C environment) was also set. Thereafter, offspring from amictic mothers or stem female from resting eggs of mictic mothers were treated similarly in T or C environment. Population growth, life history traits and antioxidant indices of the offspring were examined. The results demonstrated that maternal Mep exposure inhibited population performance of offspring in both life history phases, while the negative effects were markedly buffered in sexual reproduction phase. This study clarifies toxicity of Mep on rotifers and highlights the different response patterns of maternal Mep exposure in different life history phase.
Trends in obstructive sleep apnea disease severity over nearly two decades: update on the VA San Diego experience
Authors: Nokes Brandon , Zamora Tania , Velazquez Yzabel , Golshan Shah , Cervantes-Gomeros Cesar , Perrine Will , Barker Robert , Malhotra Atul , Sarmiento Kathleen F , Stepnowsky Carl 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
The Sleep Program at the VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS) started a patient database over twenty years ago for its home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) program. An analysis of ten years of diagnostic HSAT data was reported on over 12 500 patients in 2014. Over this time period, severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) decreased in frequency. In contrast, mild OSA increased in frequency and was the most frequently reported severity in our analysis. In more recent times, the 2021 continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) crisis created difficulties in dispersing CPAP therapies to individuals including Veterans with OSA, prompting our group to reexamine the HSAT database.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed of the local clinical database of HSAT diagnostic testing of 8,928 sleep studies from 2018 to 2022.

Results
The overall mean apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from 40.4/hour (2004) to 24.3/hour (2022) (p &lt; .001). The two time periods were examined separately. For 2004–2013, it was found that the mean AHI in 2004 was not significantly different from the mean AHI in 2005, 2006, or 2007 but was significantly different from the mean AHI in each year from 2008 (mean AHI = 30.7/h) to 2013 (mean AHI = 26.1/hour). For 2019–2022, the mean AHI did not significantly differ between the 4 years.

Conclusions
These findings have implications for OSA therapies. Additionally, the high prevalence of mild sleep apnea, which is typically associated with lesser adherence to PAP therapy, further highlights the importance of non-PAP alternatives to improve treatment effectiveness.
Development of an application programming interface to automate downloading and processing of precision livestock data
Authors: Brennan Jameson R , L. Parsons Ira , Harrison Meredith , Menendez Hector M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Advancements in technology have ushered in a new era of sensor-based measurement and management of livestock production systems. These sensor-based technologies have the ability to automatically monitor feeding, growth, and enteric emissions for individual animals across confined and extensive production systems. One challenge with sensor-based technologies is the large amount of data generated, which can be difficult to access, process, visualize, and monitor information in real time to ensure equipment is working properly and animals are utilizing it correctly. A solution to this problem is the development of application programming interfaces (APIs) to automate downloading, visualizing, and summarizing datasets generated from precision livestock technology (PLT). For this methods paper, we develop three APIs and accompanying processes for rapid data acquisition, visualization, systems tracking, and summary statistics for three technologies (SmartScale, SmartFeed, and GreenFeed) manufactured by C-Lock Inc (Rapid City, SD). Program R markdown documents and example datasets are provided to facilitate greater adoption of these techniques and to further advance PLT. The methodology presented successfully downloaded data from the cloud and generated a series of visualizations to conduct systems checks, animal usage rates, and calculate summary statistics. These tools will be essential for further adoption of precision technology. There is huge potential to further leverage APIs to incorporate a wide range of datasets such as weather data, animal locations, and sensor data to facilitate decision-making on time scales relevant to researchers and livestock managers.
Incidental Abdominal Wall Endometriosis in Plastic Surgery: Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Payton Jesse I. , Chiodo Michael V. , Webster Nicholas 
Published: June 2024

Summary:
Endometriosis is a common cause of pain and infertility. Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is a form of extrapelvic endometriosis that can be encountered during abdominal surgery such as abdominoplasty or free flap harvest. We report two cases of AWE; one found intraoperatively in a 32-year-old woman desiring body contouring after undergoing cesarean section, and a second in a 36-year-old woman requiring resection and reconstruction of a left chondroid tenosynovial giant cell tumor of her temporomandibular joint. During free flap planning, she was found to have endometriosis of her right hemi-abdomen. Both patients underwent resection of their AWE and were referred to their obstetrics and gynecology physicians for consideration of menstrual suppression to decrease their risk of recurrence.