bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le Kremlin et l’Occident face aux guerres de la Russie poutinienne (2000-2021)
Authors: de Tinguy Anne 
Published: April 2024

Tchétchénie, Géorgie, Syrie, Ukraine, conflits sécessionnistes, antagonisme avec l’Occident : depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir de Vladimir Poutine, la guerre et la confrontation ont été continûment présentes en Russie. Pourtant l’invasion de l’Ukraine par la Russie le 24 février 2022 a surpris la plupart des observateurs. Comment l’expliquer ? Le présent article cherche à répondre à cette question et, ce faisant, à éclairer les origines de l’agression russe en s’interrogeant sur l’existence d’un lien entre la funeste décision russe du 24 février, les conflits qui se sont succédé depuis 2000, la réception de ces conflits dans les États occidentaux et celle des réactions que celle-ci suscite à Moscou.
L’évolution des relations russo-occidentales au sein de trois organisations sécuritaires : l’Organisation des Nations Unies, l’Organisation de coopération de Shanghai et l’Organisation du Traité de sécurité collective
Authors: Hamant Hélène 
Published: April 2024

Cet article analyse l’évolution des relations russo-occidentales à partir de textes discutés dans trois organisations sécuritaires : l’Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU), l’Organisation de coopération de Shanghai (OCS) et l’Organisation du Traité de sécurité collective (OTSC). Il montre qu’elles se sont détériorées et que cette détérioration n’est pas intervenue au même moment, de façon identique et avec les mêmes effets dans ces différentes institutions.
Les trajectoires nucléaires ukrainienne et russe depuis la fin de la Guerre froide : essai de périodisation (1986-2023)
Authors: Gloriant Frédéric 
Published: April 2024

En combinant trois niveaux d’observation – l’évolution de la stratégie nucléaire de la Russie, les négociations russo-américaines en matière de maîtrise des armements et de désarmement, la dénucléarisation de l’Ukraine – cet article propose un premier essai de périodisation historique pour les trajectoires nucléaires de l’Ukraine et de la Russie depuis la fin de la Guerre froide. L’objectif est de fournir quelques éléments d’interprétation et de mise en perspective sur le rôle du facteur nucléaire dans les guerres russo-ukrainiennes qui ont éclaté en 2014 et 2022.
Choc des Titans ou cheval de Troie dans le multilatéralisme ? Les enjeux d’un ordre multipolaire pour la Russie et la Chine
Authors: Perron Régine 
Published: April 2024

Depuis l’invasion de l’Ukraine en février 2022 par la Russie, l’ordre multipolaire est davantage revendiqué, de concert, par la Chine et la Russie. L’expression « ordre multipolaire », formulée pour la première fois par Kissinger en 1969, est consacrée après la fin de la Guerre froide. Depuis 2009, après la déclaration commune présentée à l’ONU en 1997 par la Chine et la Russie, un monde multipolaire est devenu une revendication majeure du Sud face au Nord, surtout face aux États-Unis. Depuis le début des années 2000, Alexandre Douguine et Zhao Tingyang ont peaufiné le concept jusqu’à présenter une vision étrangement commune. Vladimir Poutine et Xi Jinping construisent désormais cet ordre multipolaire, étape par étape, avec leurs alliés des BRICS et de l’OCS.
La santé des fonctionnaires sous les années Mitterrand
Authors: Bécot Renaud , Comer Clémentine , Lecomte-Ménahès Gabrielle , Marchand Anne , Rouxel Pierre 
Published: April 2024

Par le croisement de différentes sources (des archives syndicales et ministérielles et des entretiens menés avec d’ancien·nes agent·es du bâtiment administratif du Tripode, à Nantes), cet article contribue à une histoire sociale des fonctionnaires, encore peu renseignée sous l’angle des atteintes à leur santé. Les enjeux relatifs à la mise en place des comités d’hygiène et de sécurité (CHS) dans la fonction publique y sont discutés dans le contexte particulier des projets de « modernisation » des administrations publiques au cours des années Mitterrand, tout en éclairant la mise à l’agenda du risque amiante auxquels sont exposé·es des fonctionnaires.
Désobéissance radicale, désobéissance politique : la remise en cause du consensus rawlsien dans le champ philosophique étatsunien contemporain
Authors: Thomas-Hébert Charlotte 
Published: April 2024

Démarré au début des années 2010 avec Occupy Wall Street, soutenu par Black Lives Matter, et galvanisé par la Resistance, le mouvement formé en opposition à l’élection de Donald Trump, l’actuel cycle de mobilisation états-unien est caractérisé par son recours à l’action directe non-violente et par la réactualisation de la désobéissance civile. Celle-ci a été formellement théorisée dans les années 1960 par divers philosophes politiques, parmi lesquels John Rawls figure au premier plan. Or de nombreux·ses théoricien·nes politiques contemporain·es critiquent l’institutionnalisation de la pratique et appellent à remettre en cause l’hégémonie de ce qui est devenu le « consensus rawlsien ». Cet article dessine une brève histoire intellectuelle du concept de désobéissance civile dans le champ universitaire étatsunien. Il montre comment le modèle rawlsien et libéral est devenu hégémonique, et pourquoi il fait l’objet de tant de contestation. En présentant ses critiques, il rappelle que la notion est façonnée par des contextes sociaux, universitaires et politiques spécifiques et que, loin d’être stabilisée et stabilisable, elle est en constante évolution, tiraillée entre débats disciplinaires et injonctions empiriques et théoriques.
Surgical management of a case of giant retinal tear with closed funnel retinal detachment in a pediatric patient
Authors: Bhende Pramod S , Kashyap Himanshu , Nadig Ramya R 
Published: April 2024

Background:
A 7-year-old male child was brought by his parents with a complaint of low vision in both eyes for 2 months. The child had low vision in both the eyes for 1.5 years, but the parents noticed when it worsened further 2 months back, leading to profound vision loss. On ophthalmic evaluation, the child did not perceive light in the right eye. Furthermore, anterior segment examination showed complicated cataract and open funnel retinal detachment with intra-retinal cysts in ultrasound (USG) B scan. In the left eye, he could appreciate light but with poor fixation. Fundus evaluation of the left eye showed total retinal detachment on indirect ophthalmoscopy, which was confirmed on USG B scan. Since the right eye had poor visual potential, no intervention was done. The left eye underwent pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade, which led to successful anatomical outcomes. The immediate and late postoperative periods were uneventful, and the child was kept under follow-up and was observed closely.

Purpose:
To educate regarding the surgical management of giant retinal tears in a pediatric patient.

Synopsis:
To inform regarding the surgical challenges faced and steps adopted to manage such cases.

Highlights:
Through this case, we want to highlight the challenges faced, such as delayed presentation, difficult preoperative evaluation, intraoperative difficulties such as mobile retina, absence of posterior vitreous detachment, and tenacious vitreous gel. We also want to emphasize on the steps taken to overcome the challenges.

Conclusion:
In such challenging situations, effective planning, careful manipulation, and persistence are essential for success.

Video Link:

https://youtu.be/T0Gy6Wj13zI
Optical coherence tomography biomarkers DROL, PROS, SND, hyperreflective walls of foveal cystoid spaces as predictors of central macular thickness and visual acuity in diabetic macular edema treated with intravitreal ranibizumab
Authors: Sardana Ayushi , Singh Kamaljeet , Singh Arti , Singh Vinod K 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
This study aims to establish DROL (disruption of retinal outer layers), PROS (photoreceptor outer segment length), SND (subfoveal neuroretinal detachment), and hyperreflective walls of foveal cystoid spaces (HRW) as optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers and predictors of central macular thickness (CMT) and visual acuity in diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR).

Methods:
In this prospective, interventional study performed at a tertiary care center over a span of 1 year from December 2021 to December 2022, 50 eyes of 46 patients of DME were included. Visual acuity and spectral domain OCT imaging were performed at baseline. Using inbuilt calipers on SD-OCT, the horizontal extent of DROL and the vertical extent of PROS were measured manually. SND and HRW were assessed qualitatively. IVR was administered and patients were followed up at 4, 8, and 12 weeks.

Results:
The eyes without DROL had statistically significant (P < 0.05) lesser CMT and better BCVA (best-corrected visual acuity) (P < 0.05) after pro re nata injection of IVR. There was a positive correlation between the extent of baseline DROL with final CMT (P < 0.05) and final logMAR BCVA (P > 0.05), whereas negative correlation with the extent of baseline PROS with final CMT (P < 0.05) and final logMAR BCVA (P > 0.05). The presence of HRW and SND predicted non-resolution of CMT and worse visual acuity after treatment with IVR in DME

. Conclusion:
DROL, PROS, SND, and hyperreflective walls of foveal cystoid spaces may be utilized as qualitative as well as quantitative biomarkers to predict the post-treatment CMT and visual acuity in DME.
Resilience among Caregivers of the Pediatric Cancer Patients
Authors: Thalappil Sruthi , Pulickal Treesa T. , Krishnan Yamini 
Published: April 2024

Backgound:
Studies portray that one in every nine Indians develops cancer during their lifetime. Admissions to the Pediatric Oncology departments are increasing like any other department. Cancer affects not only the patients but also their caregivers both physically and psychologically.

Aims and Objectives:
In this scenario, the study aims to understand the caregivers’ level of resilience and the associated risk and protective factors.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive study was conducted in Kerala. Sixty caregivers of the children in the age group between 1-17 years, diagnosed with cancer were selected for the study. Mexican Resilience Scale and self-prepared interview schedule were used to collect the quantitative data. Qualitative data were collected using an in-depth interview guide.

Results:
The study found that the majority of the respondents are moderately resilient, with men exhibiting higher resilience than women. The prime factors contributing to resilience were identified as strength and self-confidence, social competence, family support, social support, and structure. The study further identified individual factors (flexibility, emotional stability, etc.), familial factors (positive family environment), and community factors (support from NGOs and support groups, etc.) as protective factors contributing to resilience. Additionally, the study revealed how individual (lack of emotional stability, introverted nature, etc.), familial (relationship issues), and community (social perceptions about the disease) levels of risk factors impact resilience.

Conclusion:
The importance of strengthening the support systems around the caregivers and importance of oncology social worker to deal with the psychosocial issues of patients and caregivers are also discussed in this paper.
Common mental disorders among adolescents in an urban area of Delhi
Authors: Ahmad Aftab , Salve Harshal Ramesh , Nongkynrih Baridalyne , Sagar Rajesh , Krishnan Anand 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Common mental disorders (CMDs) among adolescents may hamper their psycho-social development.

Aim:
This study evaluated the prevalence and determinants of CMD like depression and anxiety among late adolescents of an age of 15-–19 years residing in an urban resettlement colony of southeast Delhi.

Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 556 randomly selected adolescents. CMD was assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview – Kid version 6 (MINI-Kid) based on DSM-IV TR and compliant with ICD-10 definitions of CMD. The associated risk factors were studied using a self-developed semi-structured interview schedule and analyzed using multi-variable logistic regression.

Results:
A total of 491 adolescents were interviewed (a response rate of 88.3%), of whom 247 (50.3%) were female and 210 (42.8%) belonged to a lower-middle socio-economic status. The lifetime prevalence of CMD was 34% [95% confidence interval (CI): 29.8–38.2]. Of the total, 22.4% (95% CI: 18.7–6.1) of the participants reported depression and 6.7% (95% CI: 4.5–8.9) reported generalized anxiety disorder during their lifetime. Female sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–2.2], experiencing a stressful event in the past 6 months (aOR 4.7, 95% CI: 3.1–7.3), and smoking tobacco (aOR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2–7.4) significantly increased the odds of having CMD in multi-variate analysis.

Conclusion:
There is a high prevalence of CMD among adolescents residing in urban resettlement colonies of Delhi, which is composed mostly of people belonging to lower socio-economic strata. Hence, tailored intervention at stress management with promotion of healthy lifestyle is needed for this age group.
Community-based screening for post-traumatic stress disorder among flood victims – A cross-sectional study from Kerala, India
Authors: Mathew Geethu , Varghese Aby D. , Paulose Jaico , Benjamin Anoop I. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Natural disasters like floods have various physical and psychological effects on victims. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that arises as a delayed reaction to extraordinarily threatening or catastrophic situations.

Aim:
The objective was to screen for PTSD and associated factors among victims residing in the flood-affected areas of Kerala, India.

Methodology:
A community-based screening for PTSD was done among 600 flood victims residing in three selected districts (Pathanamthitta, Alleppey, and Kottayam) of Kerala. A trauma screening questionnaire was used to screen for PTSD.

Results:
More than 90% of them had to stay in relief camps during floods. More than 80% had damage to houses, followed by loss of domestic animals and vehicle damage. Among participants, 298 (49.7%) screened positive for PTSD 3 months post disaster. No previous history of flooding, odds ratio (OR) = 8.6 [confidence interval (CI) 5.7–13.1]; younger age, OR = 1.41 (CI 1–1.9); higher family income, OR = 4.2 (CI 2.5–6.8); education, OR = 1.4 (CI 1–2.1); flood-related morbidity, OR = 8.8 (CI 5.3–14.8); and death of a family member, OR = 3.4 (CI 1.2–9.3), were the factors that were found to be significantly associated with stress among respondents.

Conclusion:
Almost 50% of flood victims were screened positive for PTSD. This study’s findings reiterate the need to provide psychological support as a priority along with other disaster control measures.
The measurement of the quality of educational services provided to medical students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences based on the SERQUAL model
Authors: Pazoki Shaghayegh , Hajiahmadi Maryam , Saffarieh Elham 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The SERQUAL model is a model that measures quality by comparing the level of expectations and perceptions of service recipients to identify gaps. Since students are the main recipients of services in universities, this study was conducted with the aim of the measurement of educational services from the viewpoint of medical students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences based on the SERQUAL model.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was based on a cross-sectional study, and its statistical population included 180 medical students. The SERQUAL questionnaire has two parts; the first part has demographic information including gender and age, and the second part has 24 questions with two parts (including the performance part and the importance part) about the quality of educational services in the form of a 5-item Likert rating list. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software.

Results:
In all five evaluated areas, the scores of the male group were significantly higher than the scores of the female group (P < 0.05). In all five evaluated areas, the scores of the age group less than 25 years old were significantly higher than the scores of the 25–30-year-old group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The results of the present study showed that in general, according to the points of view of students of all different educational levels, there is a gap between the student’s perception and their expectations of quality in all five dimensions of educational services. Based on this issue, it seems that educational services need to be revised and reviewed in all studied courses and in all dimensions.
Needs assessment study for management of menopause in the community
Authors: Mankar Suchitra , Johnson Avita Rose , Chawla Parvinder Singh , Basannar Dashrath 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Menopause is an inevitable phase in every woman’s life. Women may suffer from unpleasant symptoms during perimenopause. Understanding the health needs of the community during this period will help in developing menopause management programs that can improve quality of life.

Aim:
To study the symptoms of menopause and perception of women in relation to menopause in order to understand their needs.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional, multi-centric study was undertaken at three institutions (called DH, SJ, and SK) at two cities in India. The study population comprised women between the ages of 40 and 60. Institutional Ethics Committee approval and consent of participants were ensured.

Material and Methods:
Two instruments, a pilot-tested, peer-reviewed, validated, structured questionnaire and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) were utilized for the study. The minimum sample size was calculated to be 385 per site. Statistical analysis was conducted using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences.

Results:
A total of 1297 forms were analyzed. MRS scores showed psychological symptoms to be most prevalent. Joint and muscular pains were the most common somatic symptoms. Hot flashes and urogenital symptoms were experienced by a lower number. Our MRS scores were significantly higher than those seen in other regions. Urban women, site SJ, those with irregular menstrual cycles, and lower incomes scored higher than their counterparts. Awareness about menopause was patchy, especially regarding medication or support services available.

Conclusions:
The high MRS scores emphasize the need to institute awareness programs, providing information on choices available for care (hormone replacement therapy, medications, or counseling) and information on where to access services. Primary care physicians can play a vital role in fulfilling this need by ensuring timely knowledge to the community, providing correct diagnosis and treatment. This will help improve the quality of life and sense of well-being of this community.
Proportion of dry eye in type II diabetics
Authors: Brar Gagandeep K. , Bawa Maninder , Chadha Charu , Gupta Twinkle , Kaur Harnoor 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disorder, which is one of the most prevalent and important non-infectious causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic cataracts are well-known complications, dry eye syndrome (DES), also referred to as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is also common in the diabetic population. If left untreated, severe dry eye may lead to eye inflammation, abrasion of the corneal surface, corneal ulcers, and vision loss. So, it is very important to diagnose it earlier as these devastating complications can be prevented.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 200 adult patients diagnosed with type II diabetes of either sex with an age more than 40 years were selected. Complete ophthalmological examination was done. Dry eye was diagnosed on the basis of various objective tests, and proportion of dry eye and its relation with glycemic control were studied.

Conclusion:
Patients with uncontrolled type II diabetes had a higher proportion of dry eye disease. A significant co-relation was found among the FBS levels, the HbA1c levels, age, duration of disease, and dry eye in patients with diabetes. No significant co-relation was found between the sex of the patient and dry eye in patients with diabetes. Hence, our study recommends that primary care physicians should advise their patients to get clinical evaluation for dry eye done along with diabetic retinopathy in uncontrolled diabetes.
Community-based early detection of oral precancerous lesion, accessibility and utilization of oral healthcare services among Irular tribes residing at union territory of Pondicherry
Authors: Dorai Raghav D. , Shobana G. , Senthilnathan S. , Lokeshwaran K. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of oral carcinoma and precancerous lesion, oral healthcare seeking behaviour and identify accessible areas of tobacco cessation centres and oral healthcare facilities among Irular adult tribes residing in Pondicherry.

Objectives:
1. To estimate the prevalence of oral carcinomas and precancerous lesion by using toluidine blue solution. 2. To determine their oral healthcare seeking behaviour in terms of utilizing oral healthcare facilities. 3. To identify accessible tobacco cessation centres and oral healthcare centres for prevention of oral cancer.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study is designed to identify oral carcinomas, oral health-care seeking behaviour among Irular tribes of Pondicherry. 1% toluidine blue solution prepared for detection of oral precancerous lesion. Data was collected using a questionnaire and clinical examination. The collected data was subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:
Out of 587 study population, oral mucosal lesion among the study population was 46 (7.8%) leukoplakia and 18 (3.1%) candidiasis. Positive health seeking behaviour 24 (41.7%) was observed.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that low prevalence of oral precancerous lesion and oral healthcare seeking behaviour is poor.
Client’s perception toward services of smoking cessation clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrowais Fai S. , AlShenaifi Afnan M. , Alghufaily Munira K. , Alqudah Ola M. , Al-Bashaireh Ahmad M. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
In Saudi Arabia, approximately 70,000 deaths yearly occur from diseases caused by smoking. Assessing patients’ smoking behavior in primary care has apparent benefits. Assisting patients with smoking cessation is one of the essential roles of primary care. This study evaluated the quality of smoking cessation clinic counseling in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, based on customer opinions of such services.

Methods:
This research employed a cross-sectional approach involving individuals attending smoking cessation clinics located within primary health care centers in Riyadh city. The participants were chosen through random selection. They were informed about the study’s objectives, and those who consented to take part were contacted and provided with an online questionnaire to complete.

Results:
A total of 340 subjects participated (95.6%) of them were males, and 41.2% were in the age group of 25 to 35 years old. The common modality of tobacco use was cigarettes (82.6%), and 87.9% reported consuming tobacco daily. The mean (±SD) total score of the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence was 5.03 (±2.36), and the highest percentage (44.4%) of the participants had a moderate level of nicotine dependence. The vast majority (93.8%) of the participants had former quitting experiences. Half (50.9%) of the participants showed complete satisfaction with the cessation clinics, while 13.2% and 9.1% of them were not satisfied or slightly satisfied, respectively.

Conclusion:
The majority of smoking cessation clinic visitors were satisfied with the services provided, exceeding three-quarters of them, with half totally satisfied.