bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Web analytics in library practice: Exploration of issues
Authors: Paul Anindita , Erdelez Sanda 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study examines the use of web analytics in libraries to understand how this tool can be used to interpret users' behavior on the library's website. Evaluating library and information services is important for library management decision‐making regarding the quality of library services. Because such decisions‐making is time consuming and requires investment of many resources, libraries are constantly looking for efficient approaches that would provide insights into planning and changes to the library services. The study data consist of reports collected by Google analytics on the University of Missouri's (MU) library website and interactive group interviews with the library's usability committee. The poster presents the preliminary findings and discusses the issues of implementing web analytics in a library setting. The study findings would benefit libraries in understanding how web analytics can be used as an evaluation tool for libraries, especially as an addition to the traditional evaluation tools.
Evidence of a new and evolving discipline: Neuroethics literature, 2002–2007
Authors: Comerford Kevin , Rasmussen Edie , Illes Judy 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe current study applies bibliometric techniques to the study of the emerging field of Neuroethics, which saw its official formation only seven years ago, in 2002. The object of Neuroethics as a discipline is to understand the impact that neuroscience and neurotechnology have on both the medical professions and society in general. The first goal of the studyis to identify and characterize the core literature of Neuroethics as it exists today; this segment of the research has been completed. The second goal of the studyis to track the gradual infusion of Neuroethics ideas into the general literature of Medical Ethics and Bioethics; this phase of the reseach is in progress.
Viral video: Describing online multimedia information flows
Authors: Goodrum Abby , Devereaux Zachary , Smith Andrew 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper examines why certain videos go viral while other languish and die. To answer this question metadata associated with YouTube videos was collected (over the course of three separate weeks in 2009) and analyzed. The results show that virality is intimately connected to how one defines popularity, as different components of the metadata highlight the importance of different sets of videos over time. For this reason different elements of the metadata are explored and examples are given from the dataset that indicate popularity.
User interface for FRBR user tasks in online catalogs
Authors: Zhang Yin , Salaba Athena 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFunctional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) is a new conceptual model for representing the bibliographic universe with a strong user focus. Such a user focus offers opportunities for creating online catalogs that better support user information seeking. There have been a few online catalogs developed to explore effective implementations of FRBR. However, there has been a lack of user research of such prototype online catalogs. The major purpose of this study is to explore how well current FRBR‐based catalogs support user tasks as defined by FRBR and how users interact with and evaluate the user interfaces in the FRBR‐based catalogs. The FRBR‐based online catalogs selected in this study include OCLC WorldCat.org, FictionFinder, and Libraries Australias FRBR prototype demonstration system. These three catalogs were evaluated by 75 users from both public libraries (40 participants) and academic libraries (35 participants). The user tasks for this study were designed around the four general user task categories as defined by FRBR. Users system interactions and feedback were captured through a multi‐method approach, including screen captures, eye‐tracking, think‐aloud protocol, and survey interviews, as well as two focus groups of academic and public library users. Some preliminary findings show that there were noted differences in user success in completing various tasks in the FRBR‐based catalogs. In terms of user interactions with the interface features provided in the catalogs, users chose different options for various tasks. The eye‐tracking data and user input on interface features provided some helpful explanations to the user interactions and pointed to useful features and possible improvements of the individual catalog interfaces. The results of this study will help identify useful interface options for future FRBR implementation and contribute toward the development of more effective online catalogs that support various user tasks from users perspectives.
Integrating strong and weak discontinuities without integration subcells and example applications in an XFEM/GFEM framework
Authors: Natarajan Sundararajan , Mahapatra D. Roy , Bordas Stéphane P. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPartition of unity methods, such as the extended finite element method, allows discontinuities to be simulated independently of the mesh (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 1999; 45:601–620). This eliminates the need for the mesh to be aligned with the discontinuity or cumbersome re‐meshing, as the discontinuity evolves. However, to compute the stiffness matrix of the elements intersected by the discontinuity, a subdivision of the elements into quadrature subcells aligned with the discontinuity is commonly adopted. In this paper, we use a simple integration technique, proposed for polygonal domains (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2009; 80(1):103–134. DOI: 10.1002/nme.2589) to suppress the need for element subdivision. Numerical results presented for a few benchmark problems in the context of linear elastic fracture mechanics and a multi‐material problem show that the proposed method yields accurate results. Owing to its simplicity, the proposed integration technique can be easily integrated in any existing code. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and predictors of anti‐infective use during pregnancy
Authors: Santos Fabiano , Oraichi Driss , Bérard Anick 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPurposes(1) Measure the prevalence and trends of anti‐infective drug use before, during, and after pregnancy; (2) to list the doses, classes, types, and indications for anti‐infective use during pregnancy; and (3) to identify predictors associated with anti‐infective drug use during pregnancy.MethodsRetrospective cohort study within the Quebec Pregnancy Registry, which was created by the linkage of three administrative databases: RAMQ, Méd‐Echo, and ISQ. Women were eligible if they were (1) continuously insured by the RAMQ drug plan for at least 12 months before the first day of gestation, during pregnancy and 12 months after the end of the pregnancy and (2) if they gave birth to a live born between January 1998 and December 2003. Ninety‐seven thousand six hundred and eighty pregnant women met the eligibility criteria. Data were collected for systemic agents. Logistic regression models were used to quantify predictors of use.ResultsPrevalence of anti‐infective use during pregnancy was 24.5%. Penicillins use increased compared to other classes. The most frequently diagnosed infections were respiratory and urinary tract infections. Predictors associated with use at the beginning of gestation were having ≥2 different prescribers [OR = 3.83 (95% confidence interval 95%CI: 3.3–4.3)], diagnosis of urinary [OR = 1.50 (95%CI: 1.3–1.8)], and respiratory tract infection [OR = 1.40 (95%CI: 1.2–1.6)] in the year before pregnancy. Visits to an obstetrician/gynecologist were protective for use [OR = 0.81 (95%CI: 0.67–0.97)].ConclusionAnti‐infective use during pregnancy is prevalent. The oldest and safest agents are preferred. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using a family systems approach to investigate cancer risk communication within melanoma families
Authors: Harris Julie N. , Hay Jennifer , Kuniyuki Alan , Asgari Maryam M. , Press Nancy , Bowen Deborah J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective: The family provides an important communication nexus for information and support exchange about family cancer history, and adoption of family‐wide cancer risk reduction strategies. The goals of this study were to (1) use the family systems theory to identify characteristics of this sample of families at increased risk of developing melanoma and (2) to relate familial characteristics to the frequency and style of familial risk communication.Methods: Participants were first‐degree relatives (n=313) of melanoma patients, recruited into a family web‐based intervention study. We used multivariable logistic regression models to analyze the association between family functioning and family communication.Results: Most participants were female (60%), with an average age of 51 years. Fifty percent of participants reported that they spoke to their relatives about melanoma risk and people were more likely to speak to their female family members. Familial adaptation, cohesion, coping, and health beliefs were strongly associated with an open style of risk communication within families. None were associated with a blocked style of risk communication. Only cohesion and adaptation were associated with the amount of risk communication that occurred within families.Conclusions: Overall, individuals who came from families that were more highly cohesive, adaptable, and shared strong beliefs about melanoma risk were more likely to communicate openly about melanoma. The fact that this association was not consistent across blocked communication and communication frequency highlights the multifaceted nature of this process. Future research should focus on the interplay between different facets of communication. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A population‐based study on the determinants of hospice utilization in the last year of life for Taiwanese cancer decedents, 2001–2006
Authors: Tang Siew Tzuh , Huang Ean‐Wen , Liu Tsang‐Wu , Wang Hung‐Ming , Chen Jen‐Shi 
Published: January 2010

Abstract Background: No population‐based studies conducted outside Western countries have identified determinants of hospice utilization for all ages and cancer groups. Objective: To evaluate associations between hospice utilization in the last year of life and patient demographics, disease characteristics, physician specialty, hospital characteristics, and availability of healthcare resources at the hospital and regional levels in Taiwan. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using administrative data among 204, 850 Taiwanese cancer decedents, 2001–2006. Results: Rates of hospice utilization increased significantly (12.99–17.24%) over the study period. Hospice utilization was more likely for cancer patients who were female; over 65 years old; currently or formerly married; with ≤1 concurrent disease; diagnosed with breast cancer or cancer having a poorer prognosis; with distant metastasis, and longer illness duration (>2 months since diagnosis); receiving care in a teaching hospital or hospital with an inpatient‐hospice unit; and receiving care in a region with greater density of inpatient‐hospice beds. However, patients with hematological malignancies and esophageal cancer were less likely to use hospice care. Conclusions: Despite the 1.33 times increase in hospice utilization among cancer patients who died from 2001 to 2006, only one in six Taiwanese cancer decedents used hospice care in their last year of life. Our findings regarding determinants of hospice utilization should be used by healthcare professionals and policy makers to guide the development of policies and interventions that facilitate prognosis disclosure and EOL care discussions between physicians and patients, especially younger patients, to help the transition from curative to palliative care. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mining protein dynamics from sets of crystal structures using “consensus structures”
Authors: van Westen Gerard J. P. , Wegner Jörg K. , Bender Andreas , IJzerman Adriaan P. , van Vlijmen Herman W. T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this work, we describe two novel approaches to utilize the dynamic structure information implicitly contained in large crystal structure data sets. The first approach visualizes both consistent as well as variable ligand‐induced changes in ligand‐bound compared with apo protein crystal structures. For this purpose, information was mined from B‐factors and ligand‐induced residue displacements in multiple crystal structures, minimizing experimental error and noise. With this approach, the mechanism of action of non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) as an inseparable combination of distortion of protein dynamics and conformational changes of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase was corroborated (a combination of the previously proposed “molecular arthritis” and “distorted site” mechanisms). The second approach presented here uses “consensus structures” to map common binding features that are present in a set of structures of NNRTI‐bound HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase. Consensus structures are based on different levels of structural overlap of multiple crystal structures and are used to analyze protein–ligand interactions. The structures are shown to yield information about conserved hydrogen bonding interactions as well as binding‐pocket flexibility, shape, and volume. From the consensus structures, a common wild type NNRTI binding pocket emerges. Furthermore, we were able to identify a conserved backbone hydrogen bond acceptor at P236 and a novel hydrophobic subpocket, which are not yet utilized by current drugs. Our methods introduced here reinterpret the atom information and make use of the data variability by using multiple structures, complementing classical 3D structural information of single structures.
Mutations within a human IgG2 antibody form distinct and homogeneous disulfide isomers but do not affect Fc gamma receptor or C1q binding
Authors: Lightle Sandra , Aykent Serdar , Lacher Nathan , Mitaksov Vesselin , Wells Kristine , Zobel James , Oliphant Theodore 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHuman IgG2 antibodies may exist in at least three distinct structural isomers due to disulfide shuffling within the upper hinge region. Antibody interactions with Fc gamma receptors and the complement component C1q contribute to immune effector functions. These interactions could be impacted by the accessibility and structure of the hinge region. To examine the role structural isomers may have on effector functions, a series of cysteine to serine mutations were made on a human IgG2 backbone. We observed structural homogeneity with these mutants and mapped the locations of their disulfide bonds. Importantly, there was no observed difference in binding to any of the Fc gamma receptors or C1q between the mutants and the wild‐type IgG2. However, differences were seen in the apparent binding affinity of these antibodies that were dependent on the selection of the secondary detection antibody used.
Albedo, atmospheric solar absorption and heating rate measurements with stacked UAVs
Authors: Ramana M. V. , Ramanathan V. , Kim D. , Roberts G. C. , Corrigan C. E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper reports unique measurements of albedo, atmospheric solar absorption, and heating rates in the visible (0.4 to 0.7 µm) and broadband (0.3 to 2.8 µm) spectral regions using vertically stacked multiple lightweight autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The most significant finding of this study is that when absorbing aerosols and water vapour concentrations are measured accurately and accounted for in models, and when heating rates are measured directly with stacked aircraft, the simulated clear sky heating rates are consistent with the observed broadband heating rates within experimental errors (about 15%). We conclude that there is no need to invoke anomalous or excess absorption or unknown physics in clear skies.Aerosol–radiation–cloud measurements were made over the tropical Indian Ocean within the lowest 3 km of the atmosphere during the Maldives Autonomous UAV Campaign (MAC). The UAVs and ground‐based remote sensing instruments determined most of the parameters required for calculating the albedo and vertical distribution of solar fluxes. The paper provides a refined analytical procedure to reduce errors and biases due to the offset errors arising from mounting of the radiometers on the aircraft and due to the aircraft attitude. Measured fluxes have been compared with those derived from a Monte‐Carlo radiative transfer algorithm which can incorporate both gaseous and aerosol components. Under cloud‐free conditions the calculated and measured incoming fluxes agree within 2–10 W m−2 (<1%) depending upon the altitudes. Similarly, the measured and calculated reflected fluxes agreed within 2–5 W m−2 (<5%).The analysis focuses on a cloud‐free day when the air was polluted due to long‐range transport from India, and the mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) was 0.31 and mean single scattering albedo was 0.92. The UAV‐measured absorption AOD was 0.019 which agreed within 20% of the value of 0.024 reported by a ground‐based instrument. The observed and simulated solar absorption agreed within 5% above 1.0 km and aerosol absorption accounted for 30% to 50% of the absorption depending upon the altitude and solar zenith angle. Thus there was no need to invoke spurious or anomalous absorption, provided we accounted for aerosol black carbon. The diurnal mean absorption values for altitudes between 0.5 and 3.0 km above mean sea level were observed to be 41 ± 3 W m−2 (1.5 K/day) in the broadband region and 8 ± 2 W m−2 (0.3 K/day) in the visible region. The contribution of absorbing aerosols to the heating rate was an order of magnitude larger than the contribution of CO2 and one‐third that of the water vapour. In the lowest 3 km of the tropical atmosphere, aerosols accounted for more than 80% of the atmospheric absorption in the visible region. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
On the representation of initial uncertainties with multiple sets of singular vectors optimized for different criteria
Authors: Leutbecher Martin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractInitial uncertainties can be represented effectively in ensemble prediction systems by sampling errors in a subspace spanned by the leading singular vectors of the forecast model's tangent‐linear propagator. The initial‐time metric in the singular‐vector computation is the inverse of the assumed analysis‐error covariance matrix A. The singular vectors evolve into the leading eigenvectors of the forecast‐error covariance estimate obtained by linearly propagating A to the singular‐vector optimization time. In this sense, singular vectors provide an optimal subspace for sampling initial uncertainties. However, the optimality is only guaranteed for the particular optimization criterion used in the singular‐vector computation. For instance, it could be suboptimal for forecast ranges that differ from the singular‐vector optimization time.Here, two alternative approaches, accounting for several optimization criteria, are discussed. The first is a simple orthonormalization approach applied to multiple sets of singular vectors. Potentially, the orthonormalization can yield suboptimal perturbations. The second approach has been developed in response to the expected deficiency of the orthonormalization approach. It yields orthogonal subspaces for different optimization criteria without compromising optimality. For a given subspace L, spanned by a set of leading singular vectors optimized for the first criterion (or criteria), singular vectors are computed in the subspace orthogonal to L. The optimality properties of these subspace‐singular vectors are described and proved.Subspaces obtained with the two approaches are compared in two examples. First, an idealized example based on singular vectors computed for two optimization times in the Eady model is considered. Then, both techniques are applied to initial perturbations targeted on tropical cyclones in the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System. The methodologies allow a consistent representation of initial uncertainties during extratropical transitions. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
The optimal density of atmospheric sounder observations in the Met Office NWP system
Authors: Dando M. L. , Thorpe A. J. , Eyre J. R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLarge numbers of satellite observations are discarded from the numerical weather prediction (NWP) process because high‐density observations may have a negative impact on the analysis. In current assimilation schemes, the observation error covariance matrix R is usually represented as a diagonal matrix, which assumes there are no correlations in the observation errors and that each observation is an independent piece of information. This is not the case when there are strong error correlations and this can lead to a degraded analysis. The experiments conducted in this study were designed to identify the optimal density and to determine if there were circumstances when exceeding this density might be beneficial to forecast skill.The global optimal separation distance of Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) observations was identified by comparing global forecast errors produced using different densities of ATOVS. The global average of the absolute forecast error produced by each different density was found for a 3‐week period from December 2004 to January 2005. The results showed that, when using the Met Office NWP system with a horizontal model resolution of ∼60 km, the lowest global forecast errors were produced when using separation distances of 115–154 km. However, localized regions of the atmosphere containing large gradients such as frontal regions may benefit from thinning distances as small as 40 km and therefore the global optimal separation distance is not necessarily applicable in these circumstances. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Dependence of ensemble spread on model uncertainties for extratropical cyclone simulations
Authors: Zhu Hongyan , Thorpe Alan J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn order to examine the dependence of the ensemble forecast spread on model uncertainty, we use the model grid‐point spacing and the index of shallow‐convection top as surrogates for model uncertainty, to construct two groups of ensemble forecasts (‘experiments’). In each ensemble, we use several members that differ only in the size of their model uncertainties. An initial baroclinic‐jet basic state is constructed, with a balanced three‐dimensional perturbation, to trigger development of a baroclinic wave.In terms of the minimum central surface pressure, the spread associated with each ensemble increases with increasing model uncertainty. Similar sensitivity is observed for the maximum ensemble spread and the domain‐averaged spread in terms of surface pressure. In both experiments, the domain‐averaged spread is linearly proportional to the size of the model uncertainty, and varies in time with a power‐law dependence.The ensemble spread is mainly collocated with the primary cyclone during the cyclone development stage, when amplitude error dominates, and is elongated along the regions with strong gradients during the mature stage, when the phase error dominates.Forecast errors also grow in association with the secondary cyclones that develop in the simulation. The maximum ensemble spread associated with secondary cyclones increases with increasing model uncertainty, as for the primary cyclones. It is found that model uncertainties have a larger effect at the surface on the spread associated with the upstream cyclone, compared to the downstream cyclone (at the same integration time), because of the different stages of development of the upstream and downstream cyclones. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society