bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inappropriate Laboratory Testing: Significant Waste Quantified by a Large-Scale Year-Long Study of Medicare and Commercial Payer Reimbursement
Authors: Smart Dave , Schreier Jeff , Singh Ila R. 
Published: June 2024

Context.—
Laboratory testing, beyond what is essential for managing health, is considered low-value care, posing patient risks and wasting resources. Measuring excess testing on a national level is crucial to identify waste and optimize healthcare resource allocation for maximum impact.

Objective.—
To measure inappropriate laboratory testing and its cost across Medicare and many US commercial payers.

Design.—
A retrospective analysis on 2019 claims data measured the frequency of 4 commonly used laboratory tests among 64 million individuals with Medicare and 168 million with commercial insurance. Tests included 25-hydroxy vitamin D, prostate-specific antigen, lipid panel, and hemoglobin A1c. Clinical guidelines, medical literature, and payer recommendations were used to determine appropriate testing frequencies. Costs of excessive testing were calculated using the 2019 clinical lab fee schedule. A targeted analysis of 2022 data confirmed 2019 trends.

Results.—
Analysis of ∼84 million tests from ∼1 billion outpatient test claim records revealed that 7% to 51% of tests exceeded recommended frequencies, with some egregious overuse: for example, hemoglobin-A1c or prostate-specific antigen every week. The conservative cost estimate for 4 excess tests surpassed $350 million.

Conclusions.—
This extensive study, involving 232 million people, found that 14.4 million of 60.5 million individuals (23.8%) tested had undergone excessive laboratory testing, with likely little benefit and possible harm. Extrapolating findings to all laboratory testing suggests that Medicare alone may have incurred direct excess expenses from $1.95 to $3.28 billion in 2019, without factoring the hidden costs of excessive testing (eg, downstream care). Addressing unnecessary testing is crucial to lowering costs and redirecting resources for greater patient benefit.
أثر القرآن الكريم في العناية بطلاب العلم
Authors: مروان عطية جبر عبد الجبوري  , أ .د خالد مصطفى مرعب  
Published: June 2024

الحمد لله، والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وعلى آله وصحبه ومن تبعه بإحسانٍ إلى يوم الدين، وبعد:
فلكل منا همَّة تسكن قلبه، وتيسر دربه، ويخطط على منوالها مستقبله، والهمم تتفاوت بين البشر، فشتَّان بين همة في الثرى وأخرى في الثريا! وعلو الهمة مبتغى كل إنسان ناجح يتطلع إلى حياة أفضل، بَيْدَ أن شروطها هنا يراد بها وجه الله تعالى وأن تكون عونًا على البذل والعطاء لهذا الدِّين.
وانطلاقًا من ذلك، فإن المسلم مطالَبٌ دائمًا وأبدًا بالتمسُّك بكتاب الله تعالى حقَّ التمسك، وتطبيق منهجه في حياته كلها، وبدهي أن تكون بداية التمسك والتطبيق بالتعليم والتعلم.ولكن الملاحظ - وبخاصة في عصرنا الحاضر - انصراف كثير من المسلمين عن تعليم القرآن وتعلُّمه، وإن أظهروا حبَّهم وتقديسهم له، إلا أن واقعهم المعيشي يغاير ذلك، ومن هنا يبدو الخلل واضحًا في حياة المسلمين أفرادًا ومجتمعات، الأمر الذي جعلهم غثاءً كغثاء السيل، وجعل الأمم تتداعى عليهم، وجعل الوهن يتمكَّن من قلوبهم، ونزعت مهابتهم من قلوب عدوهم، ولا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله.
وما من شك في أن أول آيات القرآن نزولاً، كانت دعوة صريحة للقراءة والعلم والتعلم، وما يستتبع ذلك من تطبيق لما نتعلمه ونتوصل إليه، وآثار ذلك على الفرد والمجتمع.
ปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อประสิทธิภาพของธุรกิจขนาดกลางและขนาดย่อมเพื่อนำเข้าส่งออกสินค้าอุปโภคบริโภคในประเทศไทย
Authors: สุปินะ มนต์สินี , ศิริรัตน์ เอื้อมพร , เนตรสว่าง พิเชษฐ 
Published: June 2024

ภูมิหลังและวัตถุประสงค์: ธุรกิจนำเข้าและส่งออกสินค้าในประเทศไทย ซึ่งเป็นธุรกิจที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการซื้อขาย แลกเปลี่ยนและจำหน่ายสินค้าเพื่อการอุปโภคและบริโภคที่มีอยู่จำนวนมากในประเทศไทย องค์กรธุรกิจนำเข้าและส่งออกสินค้าต้องพัฒนาองค์กรให้ปรับตัวเท่าทันปัญหาดังกล่าวเพื่อสร้างความได้เปรียบทางการแข่งขันให้กับองค์กร ดังนั้นการวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาระดับประสิทธิภาพของธุรกิจ SMEs เพื่อนำเข้าส่งออกสินค้าอุปโภคบริโภคในประเทศไทย 2) ศึกษาปัจจัยที่มีอิทธิพลต่อประสิทธิภาพของธุรกิจ SMEs เพื่อนำเข้าส่งออก และ 3) แนวทางการเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพของธุรกิจ SMEs เพื่อนำเข้าส่งออกสินค้าอุปโภคบริโภคในประเทศไทย
ระเบียบวิธีการวิจัย: การวิจัยครั้งนี้เป็นการวิจัยแบบผสมผสาน กลุ่มตัวอย่างเชิงปริมาณคือ ผู้บริหารของธุรกิจนำเข้าส่งออกสินค้าในประเทศ ใช้วิธีการสุ่มแบบชั้นภูมิ จำนวน 343 คน เครื่องมือที่ใช้วิจัยคือแบบสอบถาม สถิติที่ใช้วิเคราะห์ข้อมูล คือ ค่าร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ค่าเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน และโมเดลสมการโครงสร้าง (Structural Equation Modeling: SEM) กลุ่มตัวอย่างเชิงคุณภาพคือ ผู้บริหารองค์กรระดับสูงที่มีประสบการณ์ในธุรกิจนำเข้าส่งออกสินค้าอุปโภคบริโภคในประเทศไทย ใช้วิธีการเลือกกลุ่มตัวอย่างแบบเจาะจง โดยการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกกับผู้ให้ข้อมูลสำคัญ จำนวน 16 คน และวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลเชิงเนื้อหา
ผลการวิจัย (1) ประสิทธิภาพของธุรกิจ SMEs ภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก (2) ปัจจัยเชิงสาเหตุทุกด้านมีอิทธิพลต่อประสิทธิภาพของธุรกิจ SMEs และ (3) แนวทางการเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพของธุรกิจ SMEs เพื่อนำเข้าส่งออกสินค้าอุปโภคบริโภคในประเทศไทย สำหรับงานวิจัยครั้งนี้มี 6 แนวทาง ได้แก่ 1) พัฒนาความเป็นเลิศในการให้บริการ 2) พัฒนาผู้นำและบุคลากรในองค์กร 3) พัฒนาการวางแผนการตลาดทั้งในและต่างประเทศ 4) พัฒนาด้านเทคโนโลยี 5) พัฒนาวัฒนธรรมองค์กรด้านการมีส่วนร่วม และ 6) พัฒนาสินค้าให้ได้มาตรฐานสากล ผลของการวิจัยครั้งนี้ หน่วยงานภาครัฐ เอกชน และชุมชนที่เกี่ยวข้องสามารถนำข้อค้นพบที่ได้ไปปรับใช้ในเชิงปฏิบัติ ในการบูรณาการงานด้านธุรกิจ SMEs เพื่อความยั่งยืนต่อไป
สรุปผล: ผลการวิจัยแสดงให้เห็นว่า SMEs ไทยมีทักษะสูงในด้านหลักๆ รวมถึงการบริการลูกค้า การเป็นผู้ประกอบการ กลยุทธ์การจัดการ และการรักษาลูกค้า นอกจากนี้ยังระบุตัวแปรสำคัญที่ส่งผลต่อผลผลิตของ SME และเสนอแผนการปรับปรุงที่กำหนดเป้าหมาย โดยเน้นถึงความเป็นไปได้ของความร่วมมือระหว่างภาครัฐและเอกชนในการส่งเสริมการดำเนินธุรกิจที่ยั่งยืนระหว่าง SMEs
Abnormal Eating Behaviour in People with a Specific Phobia of Vomiting (Emetophobia)
Authors: Veale David , Costa Ana , Murphy Philip , Ellison Nell 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the eating behaviour in people with a specific phobia of vomiting (SPOV), and whether those identified as restricting their food had a greater degree of psychopathology and impairment than those who do not restrict their food.MethodWe recruited 94 participants with SPOV. They were divided into those who reported restricting their food (SPOV‐R) (n = 32) because of fear of vomiting and those who did not restrict their food (SPOV‐NR) (n = 62).ResultsPeople with SPOV frequently have abnormal eating behaviours to reduce the perceived risk of vomiting. Only 3.7% had a body mass index (BMI) of less than 17.5, and 8.5% had a BMI of less than 18.5. The SPOV‐R group had significantly higher frequency of psychopathology and abnormal eating behaviours than the SPOV‐NR group.DiscussionAbnormal eating behaviour, BMI, and the degree of food restriction are important factors in the assessment of SPOV. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Synthesis and chemistry of new spiro‐Δ1‐pyrazoline
Authors: Louhichi Nesrine , Houas Amel , Hamadi Naoufel Ben , Msaddek Moncef 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn explorations of syntheses and chemistry of spiroheterocycles, we found that the reaction of 2‐diazopropane with (E)‐α‐arylidenepyrrolin‐2‐one, (E)‐α‐arylidene‐γ‐butyrolactone, and (E)‐arylidene‐N‐arylsuccinimide derivatives produced spiro‐Δ1‐pyrazolines. The photolysis of Δ1‐pyrazolines has led to cyclopropanes. The structures of the obtained adducts have been assigned by means of spectroscopic measurements. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Living syndiospecific polymerization of propylene promoted by C1‐symmetric titanium complexes activated by dried MAO
Authors: Long Ying‐Yun , Wang Yong‐Xia , Liu Jing‐Yu , Li Yue‐Sheng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA series of C1‐symmetric titanium complexes with both salicylaldiminato and β‐enaminoketonato as the ligands have been synthesized and investigated as the catalysts for propylene polymerization. In the presence of dried methylaluminoxane (dMAO), the complex with bulky substituent tert‐butyl ortho to alkyl oxygen can promote living polymerization of propylene with improved catalytic activity at ambient temperature, producing high molecular weight syndiotactic polypropylenes (rrrr 90.2%) with narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.07–1.22), via a propagation of 1,2‐insertion of monomer and chain‐end control of stereoselectivity. The propagation of polymer chain is completely different from that mediated by FI catalysts (the titanium complexes with phenoxy‐imine chelate ligands) which favor 2,1‐insertion of monomer. The interaction between a fluorine and a β‐hydrogen of a growing polymer chain, negligible chain transfer to monomer and dMAO without any free AlMe3 were responsible for the achievement of living propylene polymerization. The substituent ortho to alkyl oxygen determined the stereo structure of the resultant polypropylene. In the case of less steric congested complexes with two nonequivalent coordination positions, the growing polymer chain might swing back to the favorite coordination position (site‐epimerization), forming m dyads regioirregular units. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Elevated sweat chloride concentration in children without cystic fibrosis who are receiving topiramate therapy
Authors: Guglani Lokesh , Sitwat Bilal , Lower Darla , Kurland Geoffrey , Weiner Daniel J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundTopiramate, which is used as an anticonvulsant and for migraine prophylaxis in children, causes oligohydrosis as a side‐effect, but its effect on sweat chloride concentrations has not been studied systematically.MethodsTwenty‐one children receiving topiramate and 20 healthy controls with no signs or symptoms of pulmonary or gastrointestinal disease and a negative family history for cystic fibrosis (CF) underwent bilateral pilocarpine iontophoresis and sweat collection via Macroduct® system.ResultsAdequate samples (>15 µl volume) were obtained from 17/19 topiramate subjects (89%), and 19/20 (95%) controls. The mean sweat chloride concentration was 37.7 ± 18.8 mmol/L for patients receiving topiramate, and 15.9 ± 6.9 mmol/L for controls (p = 0.0001). The mean sweat volume was 29.1 ± 17.4 µl for patients receiving topiramate, and 41.2 ± 17.5 µl for controls (p = 0.037). Overall 8/17 (47%) of patients on topiramate with a measurable sweat chloride had either an intermediate (>40 mmol/L but <60 mmol/L) or elevated (>60 mmol/L) sweat chloride test result, while 0/19 control subjects had elevated sweat chloride (p = 0.0008). Further analysis of the in vitro activity of topiramate on cultured human bronchial epithelial cells in modified Ussing chambers showed no differences in chloride conductance measured in cells exposed to 10 or 50 µg/ml of topiramate when compared to non‐exposed cells.ConclusionsThis is the first report of a medication affecting sweat chloride values and shows that topiramate therapy can cause elevated sweat chloride concentrations in the absence of clinical manifestations of CF. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:429–433. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioactivity of short‐chain aliphatic ketones against adults of the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.)
Authors: Germinara Giacinto S , De Cristofaro Antonio , Rotundo Giuseppe 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.), is one of the most damaging pests of stored grains, causing severe quantitative and qualitative losses. Sustainable control means, alternative to the commonly used fumigants and broad‐spectrum contact insecticides, are urgently needed owing to legislative limits, the development of resistant insect strains and increasing consumer demand for safe food. Short‐chain aliphatic ketones, known to be emitted by cereal grains and previously identified as repellents to adult granary weevils, were evaluated for their ability to disrupt insect orientation towards wheat grains and as possible natural fumigants.RESULTS: In behavioural bioassays, 2‐pentanone, 2‐hexanone, 2‐heptanone and 2,3‐butanedione significantly reduced insect orientation towards odours of wheat grains, with 2‐hexanone and 2‐heptanone being the most active. In fumigation tests, all compounds were effective in killing weevil adults, but they performed differently according to chemical structure, speed of action and presence of wheat grains. In the presence of grains, the highest fumigant toxicity was shown by 2‐pentanone (LC50 = 8.4 ± 1.0 mg L−1) after 24 h exposure, and by 2‐pentanone (LC50 = 4.5 ± 0.3 mg L−1), 2‐heptanone (LC50 = 7.1 ± 0.3 mg L−1) and 2‐hexanone (LC50 = 8.1 ± 0.6 mg L−1) 1 week after the treatment end.CONCLUSION: Short‐chain aliphatic ketones have potential for applications in IPM programmes for the granary weevil because of their behaviour‐altering activity and fumigant toxicity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Multifunctional proteins revealed by overlapping clustering in protein interaction network
Authors: Becker Emmanuelle , Robisson Benoît , Chapple Charles E. , Guénoche Alain , Brun Christine 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Multifunctional proteins perform several functions. They are expected to interact specifically with distinct sets of partners, simultaneously or not, depending on the function performed. Current graph clustering methods usually allow a protein to belong to only one cluster, therefore impeding a realistic assignment of multifunctional proteins to clusters.
Results: Here, we present Overlapping Cluster Generator (OCG), a novel clustering method which decomposes a network into overlapping clusters and which is, therefore, capable of correct assignment of multifunctional proteins. The principle of OCG is to cover the graph with initial overlapping classes that are iteratively fused into a hierarchy according to an extension of Newman's modularity function. By applying OCG to a human protein–protein interaction network, we show that multifunctional proteins are revealed at the intersection of clusters and demonstrate that the method outperforms other existing methods on simulated graphs and PPI networks.
Availability: This software can be downloaded from http://tagc.univ-mrs.fr/welcome/spip.php?rubrique197
Contact: brun@tagc.univ-mrs.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
BadiRate: estimating family turnover rates by likelihood-based methods
Authors: Librado P. , Vieira F. G. , Rozas J. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Motivation: The comparative analysis of gene gain and loss rates is critical for understanding the role of natural selection and adaptation in shaping gene family sizes. Studying complete genome data from closely related species allows accurate estimation of gene family turnover rates. Current methods and software tools, however, are not well designed for dealing with certain kinds of functional elements, such as microRNAs or transcription factor binding sites.
Results: Here, we describe BadiRate, a new software tool to estimate family turnover rates, as well as the number of elements in internal phylogenetic nodes, by likelihood-based methods and parsimony. It implements two stochastic population models, which provide the appropriate statistical framework for testing hypothesis, such as lineage-specific gene family expansions or contractions. We have assessed the accuracy of BadiRate by computer simulations, and have also illustrated its functionality by analyzing a representative empirical dataset.
Availability: BadiRate software and documentation is available from http://www.ub.edu/softevol/badirate.
Contact: jrozas@ub.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Potato Snakin-1 Gene Silencing Affects Cell Division, Primary Metabolism, and Cell Wall Composition
Authors: Nahirñak Vanesa , Almasia Natalia Inés , Fernandez Paula Virginia , Hopp Horacio Esteban , Estevez José Manuel , Carrari Fernando , Vazquez-Rovere Cecilia 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSnakin-1 (SN1) is an antimicrobial cysteine-rich peptide isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum) that was classified as a member of the Snakin/Gibberellic Acid Stimulated in Arabidopsis protein family. In this work, a transgenic approach was used to study the role of SN1 in planta. Even when overexpressing SN1, potato lines did not show remarkable morphological differences from the wild type; SN1 silencing resulted in reduced height, which was accompanied by an overall reduction in leaf size and severe alterations of leaf shape. Analysis of the adaxial epidermis of mature leaves revealed that silenced lines had 70% to 90% increases in mean cell size with respect to wild-type leaves. Consequently, the number of epidermal cells was significantly reduced in these lines. Confocal microscopy analysis after agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves showed that SN1-green fluorescent protein fusion protein was localized in plasma membrane, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that SN1 self-interacted in vivo. We further focused our study on leaf metabolism by applying a combination of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and spectrophotometric techniques. These targeted analyses allowed a detailed examination of the changes occurring in 46 intermediate compounds from primary metabolic pathways and in seven cell wall constituents. We demonstrated that SN1 silencing affects cell division, leaf primary metabolism, and cell wall composition in potato plants, suggesting that SN1 has additional roles in growth and development beyond its previously assigned role in plant defense.
Euchromatic Subdomains in Rice Centromeres Are Associated with Genes and Transcription
Authors: Wu Yufeng , Kikuchi Shinji , Yan Huihuang , Zhang Wenli , Rosenbaum Heidi , Iniguez A. Leonardo , Jiang Jiming 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe presence of the centromere-specific histone H3 variant, CENH3, defines centromeric (CEN) chromatin, but poorly understood epigenetic mechanisms determine its establishment and maintenance. CEN chromatin is embedded within pericentromeric heterochromatin in most higher eukaryotes, but, interestingly, it can show euchromatic characteristics; for example, the euchromatic histone modification mark dimethylated H3 Lys 4 (H3K4me2) is uniquely associated with animal centromeres. To examine the histone marks and chromatin properties of plant centromeres, we developed a genomic tiling array for four fully sequenced rice (Oryza sativa) centromeres and used chromatin immunoprecipitation–chip to study the patterns of four euchromatic histone modification marks: H3K4me2, trimethylated H3 Lys 4, trimethylated H3 Lys 36, and acetylated H3 Lys 4, 9. The vast majority of the four histone marks were associated with genes located in the H3 subdomains within the centromere cores. We demonstrate that H3K4me2 is not a ubiquitous component of rice CEN chromatin, and the euchromatic characteristics of rice CEN chromatin are hallmarks of the transcribed sequences embedded in the centromeric H3 subdomains. We propose that the transcribed sequences located in rice centromeres may provide a barrier preventing loading of CENH3 into the H3 subdomains. The separation of CENH3 and H3 subdomains in the centromere core may be favorable for the formation of three-dimensional centromere structure and for rice centromere function.
Synthesis and evaluation of new antioxidants for styrene butadiene rubber
Authors: Nawwar Galal , Yakout Sayed , El‐Sadiek M.S.A , El‐Sabbagh Salwa 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effect of new heterocyclic compounds on styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) mixes.Design/methodology/approachIt has been found that the starting material 1 could react with cyromazine (2) and/or 4‐aminoantipyriene (4) as amino compounds in the presence of triethylorthoformate and in the boiling dioxane to yield triazine‐3 and/or pyrazolo 5 derivatives, respectively. The chemical structures of the new products 3 and 5 have been established by their elemental analyses spectroscopic data IR, Ms and 1H, 13C NMR. These two compounds were evaluated as antioxidants in SBR, and this evaluation was confirmed by physico‐mechanical properties of vulcanizates, IR spectra and scanning electron microscope.FindingsThe difference between maximum torque MH and minimum torque ML (ΔM), tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break increases in the presence of prepared antioxidants while the equilibrium swelling decreased. The rubber vulcanizates were subjected to thermal oxidative aging at 90°C for up to seven days. It has been found that new compounds 3 and 5 can protect SBR vulcanizates against oxidative deterioration.Research limitations/implicationsThe solubility of the prepared compounds 3 and 5 is very poor and they are only soluble in dimethyl formamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) which have high boiling points. Also, new compounds 3 and 5 have melting points (above 300°C).Practical implicationsTriazine and antipyrine derivatives have many medical and industrial applications.Originality/valueThe new synthesized compounds revealed excellent antioxidant behaviour in comparison with the commercial antioxidant phenyl‐β‐naphthyl amine (PβN) which is used in industry.
Finite element study of residual stresses and distortions in arc welding with a trailing liquid nitrogen heat sink
Authors: Sudheesh R.S. , Siva Prasad N. 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effect of trailing liquid nitrogen (LN2) heat sink on arc welding of mild steel plates. The effect on temperature field, stress and distortions are studied using experimental and numerical methods.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology consists of experimental and numerical methods. The temperature measured at a point near the arc is used to estimate the cooling capacity of the heat sink using inverse heat transfer (IHT) method. The estimated cooling flux is applied to the finite element model to study the stress and distortions using LN2 heat sink. The stresses are measured using X‐ray diffraction technique and the distortions using dial gauges.FindingsIHT method has been employed in estimating the cooling capacity of the LN2 jet. This has been applied to welding to study the effect on weld induced stresses and distortions. The method can be extended to calculate the heat removal rate in various manufacturing processes where cooling is employed.Research limitations/implicationsThe lack of temperature dependent material properties resulted in deviation of stresses between analytical results and experiment values.Originality/valueIHT method developed for heat removal capacity of trailing heat sink is a contribution. The estimated heat flux shows good agreement in analytical and experimental temperature values. These temperatures have been extended to calculate stresses and out of plane distortions in welding and there is a reasonable agreement between finite element analysis and experimental results.