bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Population Size of Dentaria Enneaphyllos in the Vicinity of the Bełchatów Brown Coal Mine and the Attempt of Its Metaplantation
Authors: Kurowski Józef K. , Koczywąs Ewelina , Pieńkowski Michał 
Published: March 2012

The impact of anthropopressure on the flora in the vicinity of the Bełchatów Brown Coal Mine in Central Poland has been substantially strong. Consequently, certain changes in habitat conditions have been observed, leading to a decline in particular species stands. Mechanical damage, as well as the mine and power plant expansion have contributed to further species decline in the area. Ex situ conservation, e.g. metaplantation from native to secondary localities seems an efficient method of ensuring the species survival in the local flora. One of the species is to be found in Wola Wydrzyna (under the Forest District Administration of Bełchatów) is Drooping Bittercress Dentaria enneaphyllos. Its population was first recorded in the area in 1979. However, since 2009 the forest complex has undergone a regular expansion of the Bełchatów Brown Coal Mine. The forest area is to be utilised for the future Szczerców coal deposit. Therefore, in 2000 the method of Dentaria enneaphyllos metaplantation was applied.
Multi-degree of freedom robust control of the CNC X-Y table PMSM-based feed-drive module
Authors: Pietrusewicz Krzysztof 
Published: March 2012

Multi-degree of freedom robust control of the CNC X-Y table PMSM-based feed-drive module
The paper presents results of studies on linear synchronous motors controlled in CNC feed axes through an intelligent digital servodrive. The research includes a conceptual design of an open servodrive control system and identification of dynamic models of a test stand with an open CNC system. Advantages of robust control over the classic one are discussed. A hybrid predictive approach to robust control of milling machine X-Y table velocity is proposed and results of simulation tests are presented. was prepared during the work for the Ministry of Science and Higher Education grant number N N502 336936, (acronym for this project is M.A.R.I.N.E. multivariable hybrid ModulAR motIon coNtrollEr), while its main purpose is the development of new robust position/velocity model-based control system, as well as to introduce the measurement of the actual state into the switching algorithm between the locally synthesized controllers. Such switching increases the overall robustness of the machine tool feed-drive module. The paper is the extended version of material proposed in [10].
Thermal effects on magnetic hysteresis modeling
Authors: Ladjimi A. , Mékideche M. , Babouri A. 
Published: March 2012

Thermal effects on magnetic hysteresis modelingA temperature dependent model is necessary for the generation of hysteresis loops of ferromagnetic materials. In this study, a physical model based on the Jiles-Atherton model has been developed to study the effect of temperature on the magnetic hysteresis loop. The thermal effects were included through a model of behavior depending on the temperature parametersMsandkof the Jiles-Atherton model. The temperature-dependent Jiles-Atherton model was validated through measurements made on ferrite material (3F3). The results have been found to be in good agreement with the model.
Emanuel Swedenborg's Aesthetic Philosophy and Its Impact on Nineteenth-Century American Art
Authors: Williams-Hogan Jane 
Published: March 2012

Abstract: American art in the nineteenth century had a close affinity with God. By mid-century this led landscape artists in particular to espouse the views of John Ruskin, who encouraged artists to find the divine in the minute details of nature. They found their calling by rendering disciplined representations of nature. On the other hand, Swedenborg's theology and aesthetic philosophy called artists to a different vision. The artists who found it sought to show the spiritual—living reality—not so much through nature as through the force behind it. Nature clothes spirit, and they used light, shade, and colour to “unveil” spirit. Elements of Swedenborg's theology that shape an implicit aesthetic philosophy are outlined. The application of this philosophy in the works of four visionary artists is discussed: Hiram Powers, William Page, George Inness, and Ralph Albert Blakelock.
The Worship of Mary in Mexico: Sacred Trees, Christian Crosses, and the Body of the Goddess
Authors: Granziera Patrizia 
Published: March 2012

Abstract: This article will discuss how the sacred tree was regarded as a manifestation of the Goddess in pre-Hispanic Mexico and how Mary's association with trees in Christian religion enabled the indigenous people to integrate this new “goddess” into their world vision. It will also explore why Christian crosses worshipped during the feast of the Holy Cross in Mexico are associated to the Virgin Mary and why in some villages Mary is referred to as “the cross.”
Impact of hydrodynamics on seismic signals generated by iceberg collisions
Authors: Amundson Jason M. , Burton Justin C. , Correa-Legisos Sergio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFull-glacier-thickness icebergs are frequently observed to capsize as they calve into the ocean. As they capsize they may collide with the glaciers’ termini; previous studies have hypothesized that such collisions are the source of teleseismic ‘glacial earthquakes’. We use laboratory-scale experiments, force-balance modeling and theoretical arguments to show that (1) the contact forces during these collisions are strongly influenced by hydrodynamic forces and (2) the associated glacial earthquake magnitudes (expressed as twice-integrated force histories) are related to the energy released by the capsizing icebergs plus a hydrodynamic term that is composed of drag forces and hydrodynamic pressure. Our experiments and first-order modeling efforts suggest that, due to hydrodynamic forces, both contact force and glacial earthquake magnitudes may not be directly proportional to the energy released by the capsizing icebergs (as might be expected). Most importantly, however, our results highlight the need to better understand the hydrodynamics of iceberg capsize prior to being able to accurately interpret seismic signals generated by iceberg collisions.
The influence of ice melange on fjord seiches
Authors: MacAyeal Douglas R. , Freed-Brown Julian , Zhang Wendy W. , Amundson Jason M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe compute the eigenmodes (seiches) of the barotropic and baroclinic hydrodynamic equations for an idealized fjord having length and depth scales similar to those of Ilulissat Icefjord, Greenland, into which Jakobshavn Isbræ (also known as Sermeq Kujalleq) discharges. The purpose of the computation is to determine the fjord’s seiche behavior when forced by iceberg calving, capsize and melange movement. Poorly constrained bathymetry and stratification details are an acknowledged obstacle. We are, nevertheless, able to make general statements about the spectra of external and internal seiches using numerical simulations of ideal one-dimensional channel geometry. Of particular significance in our computation is the role of weakly coupled ice melange, which we idealize as a simple array of 20 icebergs of uniform dimensions equally spaced within the fjord. We find that the presence of these icebergs acts to (1) slow down the propagation of both external and internal seiches and (2) introduce band gaps where energy propagation (group velocity) vanishes. If energy is introduced into the fjord within the period range covered by a band gap, it will remain trapped as an evanescent oscillatory mode near its source, thus contributing to localized energy dissipation and ice/melange fragmentation.
Observing calving-generated ocean waves with coastal broadband seismometers, Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland
Authors: Amundson Jason M. , Clinton John F. , Fahnestock Mark , Truffer Martin , Lüthi Martin P. , Motyka Roman J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe use time-lapse photography, MODIS satellite imagery, ocean wave measurements and regional broadband seismic data to demonstrate that icebergs that calve from Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland, can generate ocean waves that are detectable over 150 km from their source. The waves, which are recorded seismically, have distinct spectral peaks, are not dispersive and persist for several hours. On the basis of these observations, we suggest that calving events at Jakobshavn Isbræ can stimulate seiches, or basin eigenmodes, in both Ilulissat Icefjord and Disko Bay. Our observations furthermore indicate that coastal, land-based seismometers located near calving termini (e.g. as part of the new Greenland Ice Sheet Monitoring Network (GLISN)) can aid investigations into the largely unexplored, oceanographic consequences of iceberg calving.
Basal crevasses and associated surface crevassing on the Larsen C ice shelf, Antarctica, and their role in ice-shelf instability
Authors: McGrath Daniel , Steffen Konrad , Scambos Ted , Rajaram Harihar , Casassa Gino , Rodriguez Lagos Jose Luis 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe identify a series of basal crevasses along a 31 km transect across the northern sector of the Larsen C ice shelf, Antarctica, using in situ ground-penetrating radar. The basal crevasses propagate from a region of multiple, shallow basal fractures to form widely spaced (0.5–2.0 km) but deeply incised (70–134 m) features. Surface troughs, observed in visible imagery, exist above the basal crevasses as the ice vertically shears to reach hydrostatic equilibrium, while widespread surface crevassing occurs along the crests and on the flanks of the undulations, primarily aligned with the topography. We suggest, based on the location of the surface crevasses and the along-flow evolution of the basal crevasses, that the former are induced by a bending stress created by gradients in hydrostatic forces. Using a linear elastic fracture mechanics model, we investigate the sensitivity of basal crevasse propagation to observed trends of ice-shelf thinning and acceleration. Basal crevasses are large-scale structural weaknesses that can both control meltwater ponding and induce surface crevassing. Together, these features may represent an important mechanism in both past and future ice-shelf disintegration events on the Antarctic Peninsula.
The propagation saw test: slope scale validation and alternative test methods
Authors: Ross Cameron K.H. , Jamieson Bruce 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe propagation saw test (PST) is a recently developed snowpack test that enables assessment of the fracture propagation propensity of selected persistent weak-layer and slab combinations, which are known to release dry-slab avalanches. In this paper, we assess the slope- scale accuracy of the standard PST method at validated sites of observed weak-layer fracture initiation, with or without propagation. We also report on experiments with alternative test methods and varying saw thicknesses. Results show the standard PST method is comparably accurate to other common snowpack tests in predictive skill when predicting propagation propensity on the slope scale. Although a slight but significant dependence on saw thickness was found, it did not affect the interpretation in our validation study. Alternative methods such as scaling the test column length with weak-layer depth or leaving the upslope end of the column attached to the surrounding snowpack did not improve slope- scale accuracy and these tests were often more difficult to interpret.
An observationally validated theory of viscous flow dynamics at the ice-shelf calving front
Authors: Hindmarsh Richard C.A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn analytical theory is developed for ice flow velocity in a boundary layer couplet at the calving front. The theory has simple quantitative characteristics that relate ice front velocity to thickness, strain rate and shelf width, matching one set of empirically derived relationships (Alley and others, 2008) and implying that these relationships predict ice velocity rather than calving rate. The two boundary layers are where longitudinal and transverse flow fields change from the interior flow to patterns consistent with the calving-front stress condition. Numerical simulations confirm the analytical theory. The quantitative predictions of the theory have low sensitivity to unmeasured parameters and to shelf plan aspect ratio, while its robustness arises from its dependence on the scale invariance of the governing equations. The theory provides insights into calving, the stability of ice-shelf calving fronts, the stability of the grounding line of laterally resisted ice streams, and also suggests that the calving front is an instructive dynamical analogue to the grounding line.
Effects of a Reduced Dose of Stavudine on the Incidence and Severity of Peripheral Neuropathy in HIV-Infected Adults in South Africa
Authors: Pahuja Meera , Grobler Anneke , Glesby Marshall J , Karim Farina , Parker Gary , Gumede Sizwe , Naidoo Kogieleum 
Published: March 2012

Background Although recent World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend withdrawing stavudine (d4T) from first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART), it remains commonly used in resource-limited settings. In 2006, WHO recommended decreasing the dose of d4T from 40 mg to 30 mg to mitigate toxicities. We compared the incidence and severity of peripheral neuropathy by d4T dose in a retrospective cohort study. Methods Patients’ charts from an ART-naive population at a rural clinic in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, were retrospectively reviewed for signs and symptoms of incident peripheral neuropathy and were graded for severity using the DAIDS scale. Patients enrolled prior to the WHO guideline change were included in the study if they were on d4T 40 mg for ≥6 months. After the guideline change all patients were initiated on d4T 30 mg. Results A total of 475 patients were analysed, including 235 in the 40 mg cohort (152.7 person-years [py]) and 240 in the 30 mg cohort (244.7 py). Incidence of peripheral neuropathy was 90.4/100 py (95% CI 75.9, 106.8) in the 40 mg cohort versus 40.5/100 py (95% CI 32.9, 49.3) in the 30 mg group (incidence rate ratio 0.45; P<0.0001). There was no difference in proportion of severe peripheral neuropathy cases (grade 3/4) between the cohorts: 8.3% in the 40 mg group and 8.9% in the 30 mg group ( P=1.0). In a multivariate analysis, risk of peripheral neuropathy was associated with increasing age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.65, 95% CI 1.24, 2.19), 40 mg dose (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.61, 2.74) and concurrent tuberculosis therapy (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.06, 1.87). Conclusions Incidence of peripheral neuropathy in the 40 mg cohort was extremely high and, although lower, the rate in the 30 mg cohort was nonetheless unacceptably high.
De la dérive techniciste à la tectonique des textes
Authors: Étienne Bénédicte 
Published: March 2012

Le récit et l’analyse de l’étude d’une œuvre intégrale menée avec des élèves de sixième est l’occasion d’une réflexion sur la question de la technique rapportée à l’apprentissage de la lecture littéraire. Si, dans les discours de dénonciation des programmes mis en place en 1996, la technique est surtout abordée en termes d’excès et de dérive, il s’agit ici de réfléchir à la manière dont elle peut être au contraire portée par une conception forte, qui en fait une instance d’élaboration du sujet-lecteur.
Un modèle français de Communauté Thérapeutique ? Les communautés thérapeutiques expérimentales : Consensus des professionnels
Authors: Denis Cécile , Langlois Emmanuel , Fatséas Mélina , Auriacombe Marc 
Published: March 2012

Résumé Financement : Cette étude a été financée par l’OFDT, appel à projet octobre 2007 Les Communautés Thérapeutiques : quelle mise en œuvre et pour quels résultats ? La Mission Interministérielle de Lutte contre la Drogue et la Toxicomanie (MILDT) a confié à l’Observatoire Français des Drogues et des Toxicomanies (OFDT) la mise en œuvre d’un mandat d’évaluation des CT. Suite à un appel à projet, le Laboratoire de Psychiatrie - USR CNRS 3413 SANPsy/Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France a été sélectionné pour conduire cette évaluation qui s’est déroulée du 12 mars 2008 au 30 mars 2011. Introduction : Les communautés thérapeutiques (CT) sont des lieux de vie communautaire introduits comme modalité de prise en charge des personnes dépendantes des substances il y a un peu plus de quarante ans et sont encore une modalité de traitement répandue dans le monde. En France, les CT ont mauvaise presse du fait de dérives sectaires. Le Plan Gouvernemental français de lutte contre les drogues illicites, le tabac et l’alcool (2004-2008) a prévu la création de CT à titre expérimental. Objectif : L’objectif de ce travail était de définir les points importants à mettre en place pour le fonctionnement d’une CT dans le contexte français, sur la base de l’expérience de professionnels, 30 mois après l’ouverture des CT au statut expérimental. Méthode : La méthode d’analyse Delphi qui favorise la mise en évidence de consensus entre experts a été utilisée. Dans le contexte de cette étude, l’expertise recherchée était celle des professionnels des CT. Résultats : Des consensus pour s’assurer du bon fonctionnement d’une CT ont pu être définis. L’admission en CT doit être peu restrictive. L’encadrement, l’organisation de la prise en charge, le projet thérapeutique, la sortie de la CT doivent s’appuyer sur les décisions d’une équipe pluridisciplinaire avec des compétences équivalentes à celles d’une équipe de centres de soins spécialisés en addictologie. La prise en charge doit être démocratisée mais non déprofessionnalisée. La prévention des dérives sectaires et économiques est garantie par le choix de l’ouverture, de la transparence et de l’intégration dans le tissu local de la CT et en offrant une place somme toute limitée aux résidents. Perspectives : Il est prévisible que les consensus dégagés lors de cette analyse Delphi évolueront au cours des années de fonctionnement des CT mais ils constituent une première base de mise en place des CT en France.
Prostaglandin E2 Produced by the Lung Augments the Effector Phase of Allergic Inflammation
Authors: Church Rachel J. , Jania Leigh A. , Koller Beverly H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractElevated PGE2 is a hallmark of most inflammatory lesions. This lipid mediator can induce the cardinal signs of inflammation, and the beneficial actions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are attributed to inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, enzymes essential in the biosynthesis of PGE2 from arachidonic acid. However, both clinical studies and rodent models suggest that, in the asthmatic lung, PGE2 acts to restrain the immune response and limit physiological change secondary to inflammation. To directly address the role of PGE2 in the lung, we examined the development of disease in mice lacking microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 (mPGES1), which converts COX-1/COX-2–derived PGH2 to PGE2. We show that mPGES1 determines PGE2 levels in the naive lung and is required for increases in PGE2 after OVA-induced allergy. Although loss of either COX-1 or COX-2 increases the disease severity, surprisingly, mPGES1−/− mice show reduced inflammation. However, an increase in serum IgE is still observed in the mPGES1−/− mice, suggesting that loss of PGE2 does not impair induction of a Th2 response. Furthermore, mPGES1−/− mice expressing a transgenic OVA-specific TCR are also protected, indicating that PGE2 acts primarily after challenge with inhaled Ag. PGE2 produced by the lung plays the critical role in this response, as loss of lung mPGES1 is sufficient to protect against disease. Together, this supports a model in which mPGES1-dependent PGE2 produced by populations of cells native to the lung contributes to the effector phase of some allergic responses.
The Role of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 in Regulating Innate Immunity
Authors: Pan Hongjie , O’Brien Thomas F. , Zhang Ping , Zhong Xiao-Ping 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The mechanisms that control TLR-induced responses, including endotoxin tolerance, have been not well understood. The tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) is a tumor suppressor that inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). We show in this study that deficiency of TSC1 results in enhanced activation of not only mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), but also JNK1/2, following LPS stimulation in macrophages. TSC1-deficient macrophages produce elevated proinflammatory cytokines and NO in response to multiple TLR ligands. Such enhanced TLR-induced responses can be inhibited by reducing mTORC1 and JNK1/2 activities with chemical inhibitors or small hairpin RNA, suggesting that TSC1 negatively controls TLR responses through both mTORC1 and JNK1/2. The impact of TSC1 deficiency appeared not limited to TLRs, as NOD- and RIG-I/MDA-5–induced innate responses were also altered in TSC1-deficient macrophages. Furthermore, TSC1 deficiency appears to cause impaired induction of endotoxin tolerance in vitro and in vivo, which is correlated with increased JNK1/2 activation and can be reversed by JNK1/2 inhibition. Our results reveal a critical role of TSC1 in regulating innate immunity by negative control of mTORC1 and JNK1/2 activation.
Marginal Zone B Cells Regulate Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses during Infection
Authors: Bankoti Rashmi , Gupta Kshitiz , Levchenko Andre , Stäger Simona 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Marginal zone B cells (MZB) participate in the early immune response to several pathogens. In this study, we show that in μMT mice infected with Leishmania donovani, CD8 T cells displayed a greater cytotoxic potential and generated more effector memory cells compared with infected wild type mice. The frequency of parasite-specific, IFN-γ+ CD4 T cells was also increased in μMT mice. B cells were able to capture parasites, which was associated with upregulation of surface IgM and MyD88-dependent IL-10 production. Moreover, MZB presented parasite Ags to CD4 T cells in vitro. Depletion of MZB also enhanced T cell responses and led to a decrease in the parasite burden but did not alter the generation of effector memory T cells. Thus, MZB appear to suppress protective T cell responses during the early stages of L. donovani infection.
Regulation of Proinflammatory Th17 Responses during Trypanosoma cruzi Infection by IL-12 Family Cytokines
Authors: Cobb Dustin , Smeltz Ronald B. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Previously, we reported that the transcription factor T-bet (Tbx21) regulates Th17 responses to Trypanosoma cruzi infection in an IFN-γ–independent manner. In an effort to further understand this regulation, we examined the development and plasticity of Th17 cells during T. cruzi infection. Th17 cells recovered from infected Tbx21−/− mice were amenable to the inhibitory effects of T-bet, as ectopic expression of T-bet reduced IL-17 expression. We subsequently addressed the role of IL-12 family cytokines IL-12 and IL-27 and report that IL-12p35−/− mice infected with T. cruzi exhibited a significant increase in Th17 cells and Th17-associated inflammation. Ex vivo culture of these cells with IL-12 led to a dramatic reduction in IL-17 production and concomitant increase in IFN-γ. Importantly, the ability of IL-12 to suppress IL-17 was independent of IFN-γ. Surprisingly, and contrary to results reported for other pathogens, IL-27 had no inhibitory effect on Th17 development, as Ebi-3−/− mice failed to show any increase in their T. cruzi-specific Th17 response. Furthermore, IL-27 could not compensate or synergize with IL-12 to suppress IL-17 production ex vivo. Thus, we have established that IL-12, not IL-27, is critical for regulating Th17 responses to T. cruzi.