bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Bacterial Blight Resistance Derived from Oryza meyeriana and Agronomic Traits in Recombinant Inbred Lines of Oryza sativa
Authors: Chen Li‐Na , Yang Yong , Yan Cheng‐Qi , Wang Xu‐Ming , Yu Chu‐Lang , Zhou Jie , Zhang Wei‐Lin , Cheng Ye , Cheng Xiao‐Yue , Chen Jian‐Ping 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBacterial blight (BB) is one of the major diseases that affect rice productivity. In previous studies, BB resistance was transferred to cultivated rice Oryza sativa from wild rice Oryza meyeriana using asymmetric somatic hybridization. One of the resistant hybrid progenies (Y73) has also been shown to possess novel resistance gene(s) different from any of those previously associated with BB resistance. We have mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for BB resistance in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Y73 and a BB‐susceptible cv. IR24. Five QTLs were detected where Y73 alleles contributed to increased BB resistance. Three minor QTLs were identified on chromosomes 3, 10 and 11, and two major QTLs on chromosomes 1 and 5, respectively. QTL on chromosome 5, designated qBBR5, had the strongest effect on BB resistance, explaining approximately 37% of the phenotypic variance. Using the same RIL population, we also mapped QTLs for agronomic traits including plant height (PH), heading date (HD), plant yield (PYD) and PYD component traits. A total of 21 QTLs were identified, of which four were detected for PH, six for HD, three for panicle number per plant (PNPP), one for spikelets per panicle (SPP), six for 1000‐grain weight (TGW) and one for PYD. qPH1 (a QTL for PH) was found in the same interval as qBBR1 for BB resistance, and qHD11 for HD and qBBR11 for BB resistance also shared a similar interval. Additionally, BB resistance was significantly correlated with PH or HD in the RIL population. This suggests that the resistance genes may have pleiotropic effects on, or close linkage to, genes controlling PH or HD. These results will help deduce the resistance mechanisms of the novel resistance gene(s) and provide the basis for cloning them and using them in marker‐assisted breeding.
Preventive effect of danshensu on selenite‐induced cataractogenesis in cultured rat lens
Authors: Qi Hui‐Ping , Wei Shu‐Qin , Zhang Li‐Qiong , Gao Xiang‐Chun , Yu Nan‐Nan , Bi Sheng , Cui Hao 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:  To investigate the preventive effect of danshensu on the selenite‐induced opacification of cultured rat lenses.Methods:  Isolated lens were divided into three groups with eight lenses in each group. Group I: lenses were incubated with M199 medium alone; Group II: incubated in M199 containing 200 µmol/L sodium selenite; Group III: incubated in M199 containing 200 µmol/L sodium selenite and 500 µmol/L danshensu. Selenite was administered on the third day, and danshensu treatment was from the second to the fifth day. Cataracts development was observed using an inverted microscope, and the lenses were analysed for total anti‐oxidative capabilities, mean activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S‐transferase; levels of reduced glutathione; malondialdehyde; and total sulfhydryl content.Results:  All lenses in Group I were clear, whereas all lenses in Group II developed dense vacuolization and opacification. In Group III, 25% lenses revealed minimal vacuolization, and 75% showed no opacification or vacuolization. Total anti‐oxidative capabilities and the mean activities of anti‐oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S‐transferase; levels of glutathione; and total sulfhydryl content were elevated, and the level of malondialdehyde was decreased following treatment with danshensu compared with Group II.Conlusion:  The anti‐oxidative properties of danshensu may play a major role in its contribution to the anticataract effect.
Engrailed signaling in axon guidance and neuron survival
Authors: Fuchs Julia , Stettler Olivier , Alvarez‐Fischer Daniel , Prochiantz Alain , Moya Kenneth L. , Joshi Rajiv L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSeveral homeoproteins can function in a direct cell non‐autonomous fashion to control various biological processes. In the developing nervous system, this mode of signaling has been well documented for Engrailed in the guidance of retinal ganglion cell axons and retino‐tectal patterning. Engrailed is also a key factor for mesencephalic dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, not only during development but also in the adult. Haplodeficiency for Engrailed1 leads to progressive adult‐onset loss of mDA neurons and several phenotypic alterations reminiscent of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thanks to its transduction properties, Engrailed has been shown to confer neuroprotection in several experimental models of PD. Study of the mechanisms underlying these two Engrailed‐mediated effects has revealed a key role of the translation regulation by Engrailed and uncovered an unsuspected link between a homeoprotein and mitochondrial activity. These studies highlight the crucial role of cellular energetic metabolism in neuron development, survival and neurodegeneration, and may help to identify novel therapeutic targets.
Timing of developmental sequences in different brain structures: physiological and pathological implications
Authors: Dehorter N. , Vinay L. , Hammond C. , Ben‐Ari Y. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe developing brain is not a small adult brain. Voltage‐ and transmitter‐gated currents, like network‐driven patterns, follow a developmental sequence. Studies initially performed in cortical structures and subsequently in subcortical structures have unravelled a developmental sequence of events in which intrinsic voltage‐gated calcium currents are followed by nonsynaptic calcium plateaux and synapse‐driven giant depolarising potentials, orchestrated by depolarizing actions of GABA and long‐lasting NMDA receptor‐mediated currents. The function of these early patterns is to enable heterogeneous neurons to fire and wire together rather than to code specific modalities. However, at some stage, behaviourally relevant activities must replace these immature patterns, implying the presence of programmed stop signals. Here, we show that the developing striatum follows a developmental sequence in which immature patterns are silenced precisely when the pup starts locomotion. This is mediated by a loss of the long‐lasting NMDA‐NR2C/D receptor‐mediated current and the expression of a voltage‐gated K+ current. At the same time, the descending inputs to the spinal cord become fully functional, accompanying a GABA/glycine polarity shift and ending the expression of developmental patterns. Therefore, although the timetable of development differs in different brain structures, the g sequence is quite similar, relying first on nonsynaptic events and then on synaptic oscillations that entrain large neuronal populations. In keeping with the ‘neuroarcheology’ theory, genetic mutations or environmental insults that perturb these developmental sequences constitute early signatures of developmental disorders. Birth dating developmental disorders thus provides important indicators of the event that triggers the pathological cascade leading ultimately to disease.
AMPA receptors as drug targets in neurological disease – advantages, caveats, and future outlook
Authors: Chang Philip K.‐Y. , Verbich David , McKinney R. Anne 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMost excitatory transmission in the brain is mediated by the AMPA receptor subtype of the ionotropic glutamate receptors. In many neurological diseases, synapse structure and AMPA receptor function are altered, thus making AMPA receptors potential therapeutic targets for clinical intervention. The work summarized in this review suggests a link between AMPA receptor function and debilitating neuropathologies, and discusses the current state of therapies targeting AMPA receptors in four diseases. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, AMPA receptors allow cytotoxic levels of calcium into neurons, leading to motor neuron death. Likewise, in some epilepsies, overactivation of AMPA receptors leads to neuron damage. The same is true for ischemia, where oxygen deprivation leads to excitotoxicity. Conversely, Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by decreased AMPA activation and synapse loss. Unfortunately, many clinical studies have had limited success by directly targeting AMPA receptors in these diseases. We also discuss how the use of AMPA receptor modulators, commonly known as ampakines, in neurological diseases initially seemed promising in animal studies, but mostly ineffective in clinical trials. We propose that indirectly affecting AMPA receptors, such as by modulating transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins or, more generally, by regulating glutamatergic transmission, may provide new therapeutic potential for neurological disorders.
Cra regulates the cross‐talk between the two branches of the phosphoenolpyruvate : phosphotransferase system of Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Chavarría Max , Fuhrer Tobias , Sauer Uwe , Pflüger‐Grau Katharina , de Lorenzo Víctor 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe gene that encodes the catabolite repressor/activator, Cra (FruR), of Pseudomonas putida is divergent from the fruBKA operon for the uptake of fructose via the phosphoenolpyruvate : carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTSFru). The expression of the fru cluster has been studied in cells growing on substrates that change the intracellular concentrations of fructose‐1‐P (F1P), the principal metabolic intermediate that counteracts the DNA‐binding ability of Cra on an upstream operator. While the levels of the regulator were not affected by any of the growth conditions tested, the transcription of fruB was stimulated by fructose but not by the gluconeogenic substrate, succinate. The analysis of the PfruB promoter activity in a strain lacking the Cra protein and the determination of key metabolites revealed that this regulator represses the expression of PTSFru in a fashion that is dependent on the endogenous concentrations of F1P. Because FruB (i.e. the EI‐HPr‐EIIAFru polyprotein) can deliver a high‐energy phosphate to the EIIANtr (PtsN) enzyme of the PTSNtr branch, the cross‐talk between the two phosphotransferase systems was examined under metabolic regimes that allowed for the high or low transcription of the fruBKA operon. While fructose caused cross‐talk, succinate prevented it almost completely. Furthermore, PtsN phosphorylation by FruB occurred in a Δcra mutant regardless of growth conditions. These results traced the occurrence of the cross‐talk to intracellular pools of Cra effectors, in particular F1P. The Cra/F1P duo seems to not only control the expression of the PTSFru but also checks the activity of the PTSNtrin vivo.
Advances in molecular systematics of the vetigastropod superfamily Trochoidea
Authors: Williams Suzanne T. 
Published: June 2012

Williams, S.T. (2012). Advances in molecular systematics of the vetigastropod superfamily Trochoidea. —Zoologica Scripta, 41, 571–595.The gastropod superfamily Trochoidea Rafinesque, 1815 is comprised of a diverse range of species, including large and charismatic species of commercial value as well as many small or enigmatic taxa that are only recently being represented in molecular studies. This study includes the first sequences for rarely collected species from the genera Gaza Watson, 1879, Callogaza Dall, 1881, Antimargarita Powell, 1951 and Kaiparathina Laws, 1941. There is also greater taxon sampling of genera that have proved difficult to place in previous phylogenetic analyses, like Tectus Montfort, 1810, Tegula Lesson, 1832, Margarites Gray, 1847, Margarella Thiele, 1893 and trochoid skeneimorphs. There is also greater sampling of poorly represented families Solariellidae and Liotiidae. Bayesian analysis of combined gene data sets based on four (28S, 12S, 16S and COI) or five genes (plus 18S) suggests that there are eight, possibly nine families in Trochoidea including the families Margaritidae and Tegulidae, which are recognized for the first time at familial rank. Other trochoidean families confirmed are Calliostomatidae, Liotiidae, Skeneidae, Solariellidae, Trochidae and Turbinidae. A clade including Cittarium and the commercially important genera Rochia and Tectus may represent a possible ninth family, but this is not formally recognized or described here and awaits confirmation from further studies. Relationships among families were not generally well supported except in the 5‐gene tree. In the 5‐gene tree, Turbinidae, Liotiidae, Tegulidae, Cittarium, Rochia and Tectus form a well‐supported clade consistent with the previous molecular and morphological studies linking these groups. This clade forms another well‐supported clade with Margaritidae and Solariellidae. Trochidae is sister to Calliostomatidae with strong support. Subfamilial relationships within Trochidae are consistent with recent molecular studies, with the addition of one new subfamily, Kaiparathininae Marshall 1993 (previously a tribe). Only two subfamilies are recognized within Turbinidae, both with calcareous opercula: Prisogasterinae and Turbininae. Calliostomatidae includes a new subfamily Margarellinae. Its assignment to Calliostomatidae, although well supported by molecular evidence, is surprising considering morphological evidence.
The malignant obesity hypoventilation syndrome (MOHS)
Authors: Marik P. E. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryWe have coined the term ‘malignant obesity hypoventilation syndrome’ (MOHS) to describe a severe multisystem disease due to the systemic effects of obesity. Patients with this syndrome have severe obesity‐related hypoventilation together with systemic hypertension, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy with diastolic dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension and hepatic dysfunction. This syndrome is largely unrecognized as physicians do not make the association between the patients' multiple medical problems and obesity. Because of the delayed diagnosis and progressive morbidities of this condition, all patients with a body mass index of more than 40 kg m−2 should be screened for MOHS. The management of patients with MOHS includes short‐term measures to improve the patients' medical condition and long‐term measures to achieve enduring weight loss. Bariatric surgery reverses or improves the multiple metabolic and organ dysfunctions associated with MOHS and should be strongly considered in these patients.
KeepingUp with theWords: ExpressivePhraseOverlapping in theLateItalianMadrigal
Authors: TURCI‐ESCOBAR JOHN 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTFor madrigal composers making every effort to follow the words, the transition from one phrase to the next presented a stumbling block. Transitions in sixteenth‐century polyphony typically feature a cadence in the exiting phrase and a new point of imitation in the approaching phrase. These events not only interrupt the rate of motion, but also create a musical space which is expressively neutral. In the borderlands between adjacent phrases, therefore, the music often lags behind the verbal text. The present study calls attention to a special type of phrase overlapping, one which brings extra‐musical resonance to the areas between one phrase and the next. In expressive phrase overlapping, one or more entries of a new phrase introduce music‐rhetorical devices among the closing gestures of the outgoing phrase. The commentary focusses on four types of expressive phrase overlapping, each involving one type of text‐expressive licence: dissonance, false relations, chromatic semitones and dissonant leaps. More broadly, the argument attempts to ground analytical enquiry in questions which reflect the aesthetic concerns of the musical culture that produced and received the late madrigal.
Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in older adults improves indices of arterial stiffness
Authors: Weiss Edward P. , Villareal Dennis T. , Ehsani Ali A. , Fontana Luigi , Holloszy John O. 
Published: June 2012

SummarySerum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations decrease approximately 80% between ages 25 and 75 year. Aging also results in an increase in arterial stiffness, which is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. Therefore, it is conceivable that DHEA replacement in older adults could reduce arterial stiffness. We sought to determine whether DHEA replacement therapy in older adults reduces carotid augmentation index (AI) and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) as indices of arterial stiffness. A randomized, double‐blind trial was conducted to study the effects of 50 mg day−1 DHEA replacement on AI (n = 92) and PWV (n = 51) in women and men aged 65–75 year. Inflammatory cytokines and sex hormones were measured in fasting serum. AI decreased in the DHEA group, but not in the placebo group (difference between groups, −6 ± 2 AI units, P = 0.002). Pulse wave velocity also decreased (difference between groups, −3.5 ± 1.0 m s−1, P = 0.001); however, after adjusting for baseline values, the between‐group comparison became nonsignificant (P = 0.20). The reductions in AI and PWV were accompanied by decreases in inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α and IL‐6, P < 0.05) and correlated with increases in serum DHEAS (r = −0.31 and −0.37, respectively, P < 0.05). The reductions in AI also correlated with free testosterone index (r = −0.23, P = 0.03). In conclusion, DHEA replacement in elderly men and women improves indices of arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness increases with age and is an independent risk factor for CVD. Therefore, the improvements observed in this study suggest that DHEA replacement might partly reverse arterial aging and reduce CVD risk.
Service user perspectives of multiagency working: a qualitative study with children with educational and mental health difficulties and their parents
Authors: O'Reilly Michelle , Vostanis Panos , Taylor Helen , Day Crispin , Street Cathy , Wolpert Miranda 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundRecent policies recommend effective joint working between health and education; however, the views of service users are underrepresented, particularly opinions of young children.MethodThe project was operational from 2005–2008 when interviews were conducted with parents and children. The children were attending CAMHS for mental health and educational difficulties.ResultsResults indicated that they had a positive view of multiagency working. They consider that joint working is limited by a number of problems and make recommendations for improvement.ConclusionsFindings indicate that more effective communication between agencies is needed and this should be provided for parents in an accessible language. This has implications for training professionals together.
Proterochampsa barrionuevoi (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsia) from the Late Triassic (Carnian) of Argentina and a phylogenetic analysis of Proterochampsia
Authors: DILKES DAVID , ARCUCCI ANDREA 
Published: June 2012

Abstract:  Restudy of skulls and available postcrania of the proterochampsian archosauriform Proterochampsa barrionuevoi from the Ischigualasto Formation (Upper Triassic, Carnian) in the San Juan Province, Argentina, confirms that the genus is diagnosed by autapomorphies that include dermal sculpturing consisting of prominent ridges and nodular protuberances, a large hook‐like lateral projection on the quadratojugal, an antorbital fossa restricted to a depression along the maxilla, lateral expansion of the premaxilla anterior to the premaxilla–maxilla contact, absence of a supratemporal fossa, exclusion of jugal from suborbital fenestra, basal tubera of parabasisphenoid facing ventrally and reaching laterally beyond the basipterygoid process, and a ventral lamina on the angular. Proterochampsa nodosa is a valid species distinguished from P. barrionuevoi by fewer cranial ridges with larger protuberances, relatively smaller supratemporal fenestrae and width of frontals between orbits less than that of the nasals. A phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of Proterochampsia consisting of Proterochampsa, Chanaresuchus bonapartei, Gualosuchus reigi, Tropidosuchus romeri and Cerritosaurus binsfeldi. A temporal separation between the two basal proterochampsians with earliest records in the Late Triassic (Proterochampsa and Cerritosaurus) and Chanaresuchus, Gualosuchus and Tropidosuchus in the Middle Triassic indicates hidden proterochampsian diversity in the Middle Triassic.
A methodological approach to assessing alveolar ridge preservation procedures in humans: hard tissue profile
Authors: Lambert France , Vincent Kim , Vanhoutte Vanessa , Seidel Laurence , Lecloux Geoffrey , Rompen Eric 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimsMultiple surgical protocols using biomaterials have been proposed to limit the typical post‐extraction bone resorption. However, because of the heterogeneity of the studies, particularly the differences in assessment methods, it is difficult to determine the superiority of one technique over another. The objective of this study was to describe a new radiographic method to draw a map of alveolar bone remodelling after alveolar ridge preservation procedures to compare different surgical techniques more accurately. The newly developed measuring method was applied to a case series describing a specific preservation technique.Materials and MethodsFourteen extraction sites (in 14 patients) located in the upper anterior maxilla were treated with bovine hydroxyapatite (0.25‐ to 1‐mm particles) and a saddled connective tissue graft. A radiographic three‐dimensional assessment of the hard tissues was performed at baseline and 3 months after the procedure. Standardized horizontal measurements were taken at three corono‐apical levels (−2, −5 and −9 mm) and at three mesio‐distal levels (mesial, centre and distal) in the buccal and palatal aspects. Vertical measurements were also recorded in nine regions superior to the alveolar crest. The measurements were performed by two independent observers and intra‐ and inter‐observer effects were evaluated.ResultsNo inter‐ and intra‐observer effects were found when analysing the measurements from these two observers. The horizontal dimension of the crest decreased by 1.6 mm (20%) in the cervical regions (−2 mm level), decreased moderately, by 1 mm (12%), at the −5 mm level and decreased very little, 0.5 mm (6%), at the apical (−8 mm) level. The losses were always significantly higher in the buccal than in the palatal aspect. Buccally, the maximal bone remodelling at the cervical level remained below 1 mm. Vertical bone resorption was homogeneous and<1 mm in the nine measured regions.DiscussionThe radiographic measuring methodology proved to be reproducible. It can be applied in other clinical settings. It successfully assessed the alveolar ridge preservation technique (BHA+saddle connective tissue graft).