bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban boundary‐layer flows in complex terrain: Dynamic interactions during a hot and dry summer season in Phoenix, Arizona
Authors: Brandi A. , Martilli A. , Salamanca F. , Georgescu M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic modification of natural landscapes to urban environments impacts land–atmosphere interactions in the boundary layer. Ample research has demonstrated the effect of such landscape transitions on development of the urban heat island (UHI), but considerably less attention has been given to impacts on regional wind flow. Here, we use a set of high‐resolution (1 km grid spacing) regional climate modeling simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to a multilayer urban canopy scheme to investigate the dynamical interaction between the urban boundary layer of the Phoenix metro (United States) area and the thermal circulation of the complex terrain it resides within. We conduct paired simulations for the extremely hot and dry summer of 2020, using a contemporary urban representation and a pre‐settlement landscape representation to examine the effect of the built environment on local to regional‐scale wind flow. Analysis of our simulation results shows that, during the summer of 2020, (a) the thermo‐topographical circulation dominates over both urban and rural areas for a majority of the diurnal cycle; (b) the built environment obstructs wind flow in the inertial sublayer during the late afternoon and the nighttime, whereas more intense daytime urban sensible heat flux dampens the urban‐roughness‐induced drag effect through a deeper urban boundary layer and vigorous mixing; (c) the Phoenix metro UHI does not result in a well‐developed and clearly discernible induced circulation as observed in other urban areas and described in the scientific literature; (d) shortly before dawn, the local UHI is able to affect the local thermo‐topographical circulation through flow intensity modulation that results in an ~10 km eastward shift of the center of mass convergence. Our results highlight the need for future research—both observational and simulation based—into urbanizing regions where multiscale flows are dominant.
Preparing for pandemic response in the context of limited resources
Authors: Andrade Jair , Beishuizen Berend , Stein Mart , Connolly Máire , Duggan Jim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPandemics are outbreaks of an infectious disease that increase morbidity and mortality over a wide geographic area. These events require large‐scale interventions from governments and health agencies to curtail transmission within a population. In assessing the impact of these interventions, policymakers avail themselves of simulations from compartmental models. However, it is commonplace that modellers employ fixed fractions to represent interventions, which implicitly assume that resources instantaneously and boundlessly adjust to the desired target and may predict overly optimistic outcomes. Here, we propose a model that integrates four crucial countermeasures subject to resource constraints. We present this structure utilising the concept of small models and frame the simulations in the context of a hypothetical spread of influenza in the Netherlands, drawing on empirical data. After incorporating resource constraints, we find that only a comprehensive response controls the disease. These findings highlight the need for improving strategic plans to support pandemic preparedness. © 2024 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Bio Inspired CdO Nanoparticles: A Robust and Recyclable Catalyst Towards the Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidone Derivatives via One Pot Three‐Component Coupling Reaction
Authors: Bera Partha Sarathi , Mahato Jharna , Das Rima , Mondal Pallav , Adhikari Utpal , Saha Tanmoy Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn innovative and environmentally sustainable approach is presented for the synthesis of cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdONPs), leveraging the leaf extract of the pigeon pea plant (Cajanus cajan) as both reductive and capping agents. This environmentally friendly heterogeneous CdONPs was meticulously characterized through FT‐IR, PXRD, HR‐TEM, SEM‐EDAX, XPS and UV‐Vis spectroscopic analyses. These NPs were subsequently applied to facilitate the three‐component Biginelli reaction using ethyl acetoacetate, urea, and substituted benzaldehydes for producing dihydropyrimidone derivatives in good to excellent yield. The methodology was tested for different aldehydes containing electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups. The catalyst demonstrated consistent performance over approximately five cycles, exhibiting negligible loss in yield and catalytic potential. The proposed mechanistic pathway of the reaction was elucidated through intermediate mass analysis and further validated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and catalytic surface adsorption studies.
Synthesis of DHDK Derivatives and Study of their Activity
Authors: Wei Wenfeng , Hong Jing , Zhao Xinyan , Yu Xue , Yu Menglu , Yin Zuhui , Zhao Yunli , Yu Miao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDHDK is a novel diaryl heptanone analog isolated from mistletoe. (1 E, 4 E) 1,7‐bis (4‐hydroxyphenyl) hept‐1,4‐diene‐3‐one (DHDK) exhibits good antitumor activity and excellent stability, but it doesn't have good solubility or bioavailability. In order to improve this deficiency, the structure was modified and five new DHDK derivatives were successfully synthesized. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of DHDK derivatives against four cancer cell lines was determined by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay. The results show that DHDK derivatives exhibit excellent potential, especially for human multiple myeloma cells (KMS‐11) and triple‐negative breast cancer cell line (MDA‐MB 231). The equilibrium solubility and oil‐water partition coefficient of DHDK derivatives were better improved by structural modification.
DNA Nanoparticle Based 2D Biointerface to Study the Effect of Dynamic RGD Presentation on Stem Cell Adhesion and Migration
Authors: Zhang Xingzhen , van Veen Stijn , Hadavi Darya , Zhao Yuandi , Mohren Ronny , Habibović Pamela , Honing Maarten , Albertazzi Lorenzo , van Rijt Sabine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe native extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes constant remodeling, where adhesive ligand presentation changes over time and in space to control stem cell function. As such, it is of interest to develop 2D biointerfaces able to study these complex ligand stem‐cell interactions. In this study, a novel dynamic bio interface based on DNA hybridization is developed, which can be employed to control ligand display kinetics and used to study dynamic cell‐ligand interaction. In this approach, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) are functionalized with single‐strand DNA (MSN‐ssDNA) and spin‐coated on a glass substrate to create the 2D bio interface. Cell adhesive tripeptide RGD is conjugated to complementary DNA strands (csDNA) of 9, 11, or 20 nucleotides in length, to form csDNA‐RGD. The resulting 3 csDNA‐RGD conjugates can hybridize with the ssDNA on the MSN surface, presenting RGD with increased ligand dissociation rates as DNA length is shortened. Slow RGD dissociation rates led to enhanced stem cell adhesion and spreading, resulting in elongated cell morphology. Cells on surfaces with slow RGD dissociation rates also exhibited higher motility, migrating in multiple directions compared to cells on surfaces with fast RGD dissociation rates. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on dynamic ligand‐stem cell interactions.
Van der Waals Transition Metal Carbo‐Chalcogenides: Theoretical Screening and Charge Storage
Authors: Hu Tao , Wang Mengting , Cai Chenlin , Cheng Renfei , Wang Junchao , Guo Chunxian , Ren Lijun , Li Chang Ming , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐rate lithium/sodium ion batteries or capacitors are the most promising functional units to achieve fast energy storage that highly depends on charge host materials. Host materials with lamellar structures are a good choice for hybrid charge storage hosts (capacitor or redox type). Emerging layered transition metal carbo‐chalcogenides (TMCC) with homogeneous sulfur termination are especially attractive for charge storage. Using density functional theory calculations, six of 30 potential TMCC are screened to be stable, metallic, anisotropic in electronic conduction and mechanical properties due to the lamellar structures. Raman, infrared active modes and frequencies of the six TMCC are well assigned. Interlayer coupling, especially binding energies predict that the bulk layered materials can be easily exfoliated into 2D monolayers. Moreover, Ti2S2C, Zr2S2C are identified as the most gifted Li+/Na+ anode materials with relatively high capacities, moderate volume expansion, relatively low Li+/Na+ migration barriers for batteries or ion‐hybrid capacitors. This work provides a foundation for rational materials design, synthesis, and identification of the emerging 2D family of TMCC.
Regulating “Tip Effect” and Zn2+‐Deposition Kinetics by In Situ Constructing Interphase for Low Voltage Hysteresis and Dendrite‐Free Zn Anode
Authors: Tao Zongzhi , He Xiaoyue , Yu Lai , Ma Xinyi , Ahmad Nazir , Zhang Genqiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetal zinc (Zn) is being explored as a possible anode for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). However, unrestrained Zn dendrite caused by “tip effect” and chemical corrosion continue to plague the Zn deposition process, limiting the functionality of AZIBs and prohibiting their use at high current densities. This work presents an in situ approach for introducing homogeneous ZnO nanoarrays onto the surface of Zn foil (Zn@ZnO NAs) as a functional protective interphase. On the one hand, well‐distributed ZnO NAs protection layer can regulate the “tip effect” and confine the growth of Zn dendrite. On the other hand, the ZnO NAs layer can enhance the desolvation and diffusion process of Zn2+ on the surface of anode, attributing to low voltage hysteresis and exceptional electrochemical performance at high current densities. As a result, the Zn@ZnO NAs exhibits a low voltage hysteresis of 50.8 mV with a superb lifespan of 1200 h at a current density of 5 mA cm−2. Moreover, Zn@ZnO NAs||α‐MnO2 full‐cell shows a superior cycling performance after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g−1 with a capacity of 216.69 mAh g−1. This work is expected to provide ideas for designing other reversible zinc anode chemical systems, especially under a high current density.
Optimization of microwave‐assisted extraction for quantification of cannabinoids in hemp tea by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Christodoulou Marios C. , Gonzalez‐Serrano Diego J. , Christou Atalanti , Stavrou Ioannis J. , Hadidi Milad , Moreno Andres , Kapnissi‐Christodoulou Constantina P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicrowave‐assisted extraction (MAE) of cannabinoids from hemp tea was optimized, for the first, using response surface methodology. The effect of temperature (50, 65, and 80°C), irradiation time (4, 7, and 10 min), and solvent‐to‐solid ratio (20, 30, and 40 mL of methanol/g of hemp tea) on cannabinoid extractability were investigated. The concentrations of five cannabinoids, namely Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), and cannabinol (CBN), were selected as response variables. For the quantitative analysis, a liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry method was developed and validated. The proposed analytical approach demonstrated satisfactory performance characteristics in terms of linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9998), precision (intra‐day: 1.99%–5.97% relative standard deviation [%RSD], inter‐day: 1.95%–6.08%RSD), sensitivity (limit of detection: 1.35–2.36 ng/g, limit of quantification: 4.05–7.08 ng/g) and carry‐over effect (signals ≤ 5.03%), with all cannabinoids eluting within 6 min. For comparison purposes, soxhlet extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE), and conventional‐stirring extraction were additionally performed. MAE proved to be a more effective technique for the extraction of CBD and CBN, while UAE managed to extract Δ9‐THC, CBG, and CBC at higher concentration levels.
Development and validation of stability indicating ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatographic method for assay and impurities of mexiletine hydrochloride and mexiletine hydrochloride capsules
Authors: Muppavarapu Venkatarao , Challa Gangu Naidu , Gande Mukteeshwar , Billa Praveen Reddy , Gogineni Sreenivasarao , Yarraguntla Srinivasa Rao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMexiletine (MEX) is an antiarrhythmic drug used to treat acute and chronic ventricular arrhythmias. A simple isocratic, rapid, specific, stability‐indicating, and sensitive reverse‐phase ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method was developed and successfully validated to quantify the assay and impurities of MEX hydrochloride. The new UHPLC method showed the optimum separation of MEX and its seven impurities in 20 min by using sodium acetate buffer (0.14 mM) with 0.3% of glacial acetic acid (pH 4.8) and methanol in the ratio of 40:60 (v/v) as mobile phase. The method used an Acquity HSS T3 (100 × 3.0 mm, 1.8 µm) chromatographic column at a 0.2 mL/min flow rate. The injection volume is 2 µL, and 254 nm is the detection wavelength. Note that, 25°C is the column oven temperature. The method is linear over the concentration range of the quantification limit (0.03%) to 150% (0.3%) of the specification level (0.2%) for the impurities and 50%–150% for the assay method. The quality control lab of bulk drugs and finished dosage form successfully applied the new UHPLC method for quantification of assay and impurities of MEX hydrochloride.
In defense of the primacy of the Nomenclature Section in decision‐making in botanical nomenclature: A reply to the Rapporteurs’ comment on Proposal 193 to amend the Shenzhen Code
Authors: Moore Gerry , Smith Gideon F. , Figueiredo Estrela , Landrum Leslie R. , Gereau Roy E. , Prado Jefferson , Demissew Sebsebe , Applequist Wendy , Quintanar Alejandro , Fortunato Renée , Freire‐Fierro Alina , Wen Jun , Deng Yun‐Fei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA response is provided to the Rapporteurs’ comments on Proposal 193 to amend the Shenzhen Code. If adopted, Prop. 193 would amend Div. III, Prov. 5 of the Code so as to require a simple majority to approve—as opposed to the current 60% majority to reject (and thus 40% + 1 vote to approve)—General Committee recommendations on conservation, protection, or rejection of names, suppression of works, and binding decisions. We regard the requirement of a simple majority in the affirmative to approve recommendations of the General Committee to be the fairest and most easily understood procedure available. It is also one that is consistent with the compromise worked out and published in 2016 by the Special Committee on By‐laws that reported to the Nomenclature Section at Shenzhen and would restore the procedure used at all nomenclature sections prior to the Nomenclature Section at Vienna in 2005.
Higher‐order effect of axial force on free vibration and buckling of functionally graded sandwich beams
Authors: Sun Shi‐Lian , Li Xian‐Fang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel higher‐order shear deformation beam theory for analyzing the stability and free vibration of functionally graded (FG) sandwich beams with emphasis on the effect of higher‐order moment (HOM) and cross‐sectional warping. The governing equation of axially loaded FG sandwich beams is derived from three‐dimensional equations of the theory of elastic waves in bodies with homogeneous initial stresses. The characteristic equations for typical end conditions are obtained exactly. The numerical results of the natural frequencies and critical loads are calculated and verified for special cases by comparing them with the existing solutions. The effects of gradient index, core thickness, HOM, and warping shapes on the natural frequencies and critical buckling loads are elucidated for different slenderness ratios and end constraints.
Introduction
Authors: Gruber Judith , Schüßler Michael , Bobrowicz Ryszard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOver the last few years, we have witnessed a surge in protest movements around the world. As planet Earth shows its vulnerability and a global pandemic has fundamentally recalibrated the textures of our individual and collective lives, a shared concern for survival triggers individuals and groups to contest the status quo and to call for alternative solutions to the pressing issues of our time. These problems confront us with irreducible complexity, and therefore trigger a wide variety of protest responses across the political spectrum, such as the global ‘Fridays for Future’ demonstrations, or the protests against coronavirus restrictions that have found strong support, particularly among the constituencies of right-wing, populist parties. Dissenting movements, thus, can take a range of forms. At their core, however, they share a common pattern, i.e. (1) they seek to manage the irreducible complexity of reality, (2) they make normative claims about what constitutes a good life, and (3) they offer visions of transformation and hope for a future. This is the stuff of theology, and, indeed, religious and theological messages are often explicitly present in protest movements. Yet, paradoxically, within religious communities, protest is often seen either as inherently intrinsic to, or simply antithetical to, religious loyalty (or ‘faithfulness’).
The Muslim Ban: The Racialization of Religion and Soteriological Privilege
Authors: Brecht Mara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhy do some racial and religious groups appear to be inseparably associated, what are the consequences of these associations, and how might new expressions of Christian theology resist them? This essay first theorizes a knot between the racialization of religion, on the one hand, and, on the other, Christian social hegemony in the US context. I argue that Christian theology has contributed to the network of power relations that racializes some religious groups, and call for a more conscientious approach to religious belonging. Finally, I propose interreligious encounter as a productive opportunity for deepening Christian theological perspectives on embodiment.
To Be Who We Are: A Dissenting Church: Two Proposals
Authors: Carvalhaes Cláudio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDissidence and contestation are a fundamental part of the history of the Christian church. This chapter wrestles with the relation between normalcy and contestation, conflict and disagreement, inside and outside in the history of theological power of the church. This analysis carries a call for the church to inhabit two dissent places: the place of interreligious dialogues based on the notion of confluence from Antônio Bispo dos Santos and the dissent place of the earth, based on the affirmation of Bruno Latour that we have never landed. At the end, dissent must be at the heart of Christian faith.
Potentially Polluting Wrecks and the Legal Duty to Protect Our Ocean Heritage
Authors: Aznar Mariano J. , Varmer Ole 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs said in the introduction to this book, the determination of a shipwreck as environmentally hazardous or potentially polluting does not negate its significance as a historic site (Brennan, Chap. 1, this volume). Practice shows how wrecks may be different things at the same time: a lost property, an artificial reef, a gravesite, an obstacle for navigation, or/and a historic site and a potentially polluting wreck. This makes them a complex object for regulation, both at the domestic and international level.
Environmental Impact and Modeling of Petroleum Spills
Authors: Horn Matt , French-McCay Deborah , Etkin Dagmar Schmidt 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe risks associated with a release of oil posed by potentially polluting wrecks (PPW) span a wide range of probabilities and potential magnitudes for environmental consequences. Even a lay reader will be well aware that following a release of oil, there is great potential for environmental damage and mortality of birds, mammals, and fish. Fisheries and beach closures and localised evacuations may occur to limit the exposure of humans to potential contaminants. The range of socio-economic and ecological impacts can be quite large between releases with the geographic extent and magnitude of effects being extremely variable between releases. In addition, the duration of these effects and changes to populations and ecosystems can range from a few days to years or even decades in some circumstances. This variability necessitates the quantitative assessment of the range of environmental impacts to understand where a release may occur, the environmental conditions at the time of the release, the geographic extent over which it may be transported, and the receptors of interest (e.g., species of concern, shorelines, populated areas) that may be impacted. Computational oil spill models were developed to characterise the movement and behavior of released oil in the environment, while also quantifying the duration of exposure to levels of contamination and their potential for both lethal and sublethal effects.
Wirkt die Frauenquote für Führungskräfte?
Authors: Schachler Sarah 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungQuotenregelungen für Führungsgremien von Unternehmen sind ein oft und kontrovers diskutiertes Instrument, um die Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern weiter voranzubringen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Einführung einer Quote für Aufsichtsräte in Norwegen. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich: Frauen sind wegen der Quote besser repräsentiert und die geschlechtsspezifischen Gehaltsunterschiede nehmen innerhalb des Aufsichtsrates ab. Befürchtungen, wie z. B. es gäbe nicht genügend qualifizierte Frauen, erwiesen sich als haltlos. Darüber hinaus ist die Wirkung der Quote aber begrenzt. Denn andere Frauen profitieren kaum von besseren Karriereperspektiven und Arbeitsmarktchancen.
Wie «Zombiekredite» die Inflation bremsen
Authors: Green Margaret 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungSeit der globalen Finanzkrise 2008 sind die Zinsen in der Eurozone und vielen anderen Industriestaaten sehr niedrig. Anders als von manchen Ökonomen erwartet, führten die langanhaltend tiefen Zinsen zumindest bisher kaum zu nennenswert höheren Preisen. Im Gegenteil, die Inflation lag meist sogar unter dem Ziel der Zentralbanken. Wie kann man dieses Inflationsrätsel erklären? Eine wichtige Rolle spielen «Zombie Firmen». Sie sind wenig produktiv, hochverschuldet und überleben nur dank tiefer Zinsen. Dennoch steigert ihre Produktion das Güterangebot, was die Preise niedrig hält.
Hohe Zahlungsmoral belebt die Wirtschaft
Authors: Currenti Lorenzo F. 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Staat ist für viele Unternehmen ein wichtiger Kunde. Wenn die Kunden die Rechnung rasch begleichen, entspannt sich die Knappheit an Liquidität. Der Zugang zu Krediten verbessert sich. Die Unternehmen können ihre Investitionen leichter finanzieren und neue Beschäftigte einstellen. Eine hohe Zahlungsmoral des Staates belebt daher die Wirtschaft. In konjunkturell schwierigen Zeiten ist eine hohe Zahlungsmoral besonders wirksam und kann die Erholung beschleunigen. Wie bedeutsam ist eine hohe staatliche Zahlungsmoral für die Entwicklung der Wirtschaft?
Weniger Emissionen Dank Innovationen
Authors: Altorfer Michael 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Bekämpfung des Klimawandels zwingt zu einschneidenden Massnahmen. Hohe CO2 Preise sind unvermeidlich. Aber neue Kosten lähmen die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und bremsen das Wachstum. Ist Innovation die Lösung? Mit Prozessinnovationen können die Unternehmen die Produktion emissionssparend verbessern, den Kostenanstieg durch CO2-Steuern wenigstens teilweise kompensieren, und ihre preisliche Wettbewerbsfähigkeit wieder steigern. Wenn die Emissionen sinken, ohne die Kosten zu steigern, wäre das Ziel einer wachstumsfreundlichen Klimapolitik erreicht. Entscheidend ist, wie stark die privaten F&E-Investitionen zunehmen, wenn die Umweltsteuern steigen.