bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duration of immunity induced by companion animal vaccines
Authors: Roth James A. , Spickler Anna Rovid 
Published: October 2010

AbstractConcerns about possible adverse effects from annual vaccination have prompted the reanalysis of vaccine protocols for cats and dogs. In the last decade, several veterinary advisory groups have published protocols that recommend extended revaccination intervals for certain ‘core’ vaccines. In addition, practicing veterinarians have been asked to consider vaccination as an individualized medical procedure, based on an analysis of risks and benefits for each vaccine in an individual animal. The calls for extended revaccination intervals prompted considerable debate in USA and internationally. Areas of concern include the amount of evidence to support prolonged immunity from various vaccines, the risk of poor responses in individual animals and the possible effects on population immunity. This review examines how the duration of immunity (DOI) to a vaccine is established in animals and humans. It reviews factors that can affect the DOI in an individual animal, including the types of immune defenses stimulated by the pathogen, and the vaccine, host factors such as age and the level of exposure to the pathogen. In addition, it examines DOI studies that were published for canine and feline core vaccines.
Japanese Political Studies and Japanese International Relations in China, Japan, and Korea
Authors: IIDA KEISUKE 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article summarizes the findings of this special issue focusing on five questions: (1) who studies Japanese politics and international relations in China, Japan and the Republic of Korea?; (2) what is being studied in each of these countries?; 3) how are Japanese politics studied in each of these countries?; (3) what determines the nature of the study of Japanese politics and international relations?; and 4) what is the impact of the study of Japanese politics in each of these three countries? The findings on the first questions are that most scholars in each of these countries are concentrated in their forties and fifties, but their educational backgrounds are considerably varied. On the second question, the topics of study are becoming more wide-ranging in recent years, although in China, government policy still puts a constraint on the range of topics studied. Regarding the third question, the approaches that are used are becoming more varied, especially in Japan and South Korea. Concerning the fourth question, domestic politics in each of these countries matter, and financial constraints are a problem in China. Finally, it seems that Korean scholars in this area may have greater impact on the government than in the other two countries.
Who's Who and Whereabouts of Japanese Political Studies in South Korea: With a Focus on the Third Generation Japan Specialists
Authors: PARK CHEOL HEE 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article is an attempt to identify who's who and the whereabouts of Japanese political studies in South Korea. Previous studies suggest that South Korea made a delayed start in Japanese studies because of submerged anti-Japanese feeling among the general public, and that linguistic and humanistic studies were prevalent while social scientific studies lagged behind. The second generation scholars, who actively published their academic works on Japan between the late 1970s and the early 1990s, contributed to the development of objective, social scientific understanding of Japan. Their research interests included scrutinizing modern Japan, studying Korea-Japan relations, and analyzing Japanese foreign policy. The third generation scholars, which this article focuses on, have a few common characteristics: they began Japanese studies when Japan was rising; most of them were trained in Japan or the United States; most of them are fluent in Japanese; and they are publishing actively in major academic journals. The research interests of the third generation are categorized into four: (1) widening the research horizon; (2) inheriting the tradition of the previous generation; (3) synchronizing research agendas with the foreign scholarly community; and (4) opening up a new research horizon. After making a comprehensive content analysis of the works undertaken by third generation scholars, three major challenges are suggested for the upcoming generation of Japanese studies in South Korea: (1) globalizing the scholarly works with more theoretical analysis; (2) developing a uniquely Korean perspective about Japan; and (3) undertaking a systematic collaborative study with foreign scholars.
Japanese Political Studies in China: Progress, Problems and Prospects
Authors: GUO DINGPING 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe quantity and quality of Japanese political studies in China are influenced by political developments in China and Japan, Sino-Japanese relations, and academic development of political science. After the collapse of Japan's bubble economy and the end of the LDP's long rule in the early 1990s, many Chinese scholars diverted their attention from economic issues and took more interest in Japanese political studies. Political issues such as the resurgence of nationalism, the rise of right-wing forces, the end of the ‘1955 system’, the political origin of long and heavy recessions, the ‘normal state’, national strategy, and foreign policies have been discussed and debated. New approaches and perspectives such as the political pluralist approach, the new institutional approach, the ecological approach and the political process approach have been used. It is imperative to overcome the institutional, political, and financial problems in order to improve the state and raise the quality of Japanese political studies in China.
Expanding Focus on Japan and the Bounded Dynamism of Japanese International Relations Studies in South Korea
Authors: KIM SANGJOON , SUH SEUNG-WON 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUnlike in Western academia, Japanese studies in Korea have not receded, but rather have rather vigorously refocused on Japan during the last two decades. This paper examines the rapid development and governing dynamics of the Japanese politics studies (JPS), with a particular focus on Japanese international relations studies (JIRS). It answers the following four questions. How does JIRS perceive, measure, and interpret Japan? What are the outstanding features of JIRS? What are the internal dynamics in the JPS community? How does the JPS community interact with the real political world? The study results emphasize the policy-oriented research style, prevailing realistic nationalism, and vigorous interaction between academia and politics in JPS/JIRS behind the refocusing on Japan.
ARTICULATING A POLITICS OF (MULTIPLE) IDENTITIES
Authors: Moore Mignon R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis work examines the strategies Black lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people use in Black environments to proclaim a gay identity that is simultaneous with a Black identity. It identifies three distinctive features of LGBT protest in Black communities. Black gay2protest takes on a particular form when individuals are also trying to maintain solidarity with the racial group despite the threat of distancing that occurs as a result of their sexual minority status. Black sexual minorities who see their self-interests as linked to those of other Blacks use cultural references to connect their struggles to historical efforts for Black equality and draw from nationalist symbols and language to frame their political work. They believe that increasing their visibility in Black spaces will promote a greater understanding of gay sexuality as an identity status that can exist alongside, rather than in competition with, race. The findings of this research have implications for larger discussions of identity, protest, and gay sexuality in intraracial contexts.
Expression of the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2 in lobular capillary hemangioma of the oral mucosa: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Sato Hirotaka , Takeda Yasunori , Satoh Masanobu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:  Lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) usually occurs in the skin or mucous membranes as a rapidly growing red nodule. LCH is one of the most common vascular lesions in the oral mucosa. Tie2 is a novel, human endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase which may play an important role in blood vessel formation. In this study, we investigated its immunohistochemical expression in LCH of the oral mucosa.Methods:  Double immunostaining with anti‐CD34 and antiα smooth muscle actin (SMA) antibodies was performed to characterize the cellular expression of Tie2 in 15 cases of this condition.Results:  We found Tie2 immunoreactivity in the ovoid cells only, which were frequently intermingled with αSMA‐positive cells, especially in the hypercellular portion of LCH.Conclusions:  These results suggest that the expression of Tie2 in ovoid cells and the interaction between ovoid cells and αSMA‐positive cells play an important part in the development and progression of LCH.
A study of the extracellular matrix in salivary gland tumors
Authors: Raitz R. , Martins M. D. , Araújo V. C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:  Epithelial–mesenchymal interactions constitute fundamental phenomena in the development and maintenance of the characteristic branching pattern seen in salivary glands. This study was undertaken to discuss the extracellular matrix (ECM) role in morphogenesis and cellular differentiation of salivary gland tumors originating from the intercalated duct.Methods:  The ECM components, laminin (LN), type IV collagen, fibronectin (FN), and tenascin (TN) were revealed using a streptoavidin‐biotin immunohistochemical technique and analyzed in 34 cases of salivary gland tumors: pleomorphic adenoma (PA); myoepithelioma; basal cell adenoma (BCA); polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA); and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).Results:  LN and type IV collagen were present in all tumors, confining well‐organized duct‐like structures, separating them from the stroma, or surrounding cell clusters. In PA and myoepithelioma, the basement membrane (BM) fragmentation was observed through LN and type IV collagen staining around each individual spindle‐shaped cell, which was strictly related to the cell modification. Interestingly, BM interruption could not be seen in the malign tumors, however, was frequently augmented in some cases. LN, type IV collagen, and FN were also found in the stroma of all tumors studied, except for the pseudocystic spaces of ACC, which were only delimited by replicated LN and type IV collagen. TN exhibited a variable expression, being more intense in solid ACC.Conclusions:  LN and type IV collagen were always present around morphologically well‐differentiated duct‐like structures in all tumors studied. BM interruption could not be seen in the malign tumors, on the contrary BM production was evident, which is probably related to invasion. FN was present in the stroma of all tumors, but TN was mostly observed in less differentiated and higher degree of malignancy tumors, such as solid ACC.
Oral pre‐cancer and the associated risk factors among industrial workers in Japan's overseas enterprises in the UK
Authors: Nagao Toru , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Gelbier Stanley , Yuasa Hidemichi , Tsuboi Shinji , Nakagaki Haruo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:  Screening at industries has been advocated as a method of early detection for cancer. This study describes the prevalence of oral pre‐cancerous lesions and other mucosal diseases following oral mucosal screening, and associated risk factors among Japanese industrial workers in the UK.Methods:  Oral mucosal screening was by invitation at 51 industrial locations in the UK. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to record socio‐behavioural factors and frequency of daily intake of fruits and vegetables.Results:  Four hundred and eighty‐four subjects attended for oral mucosal screening (mean age 39.9 ± 8.3 years) and their mean period of residence in UK was 5.3 ± 4.5 years. 63.4% examined were male. 31.3% of males and 26.6% of females smoked daily. The gender differences were striking compared with Japan's national rates. A higher proportion of managerial staff was regular heavy (20+ per day) smokers. The intake of more than five portions per day of vegetables and/or fruits during the weekend was significantly higher in females than in males (P = 0.022). One hundred and six subjects (22%) were detected with oral mucosal lesions, including 16 leukoplakia lesions (3.3%) and three with oral lichen planus (1%). The rate of positive detections was higher in managers (7.5%). Odds ratios were estimated by socio‐behavioural variables. Among subjects positive for oral leukoplakia, managers accounted for 68.8% (OR 5.26; 95% CI, 1.24–22.29). 87.5% of subjects detected with oral leukoplakia smoked daily and had done so for the past 10 years (OR 28.40; 95% CI, 5.63–143.28). Though regular alcohol drinking was a common feature among male leukoplakia cases, heavy alcohol misuse was not encountered. None reported an intake of five or more portions of fruits or vegetables.Conclusions:  The Japanese nationals working in managerial positions in the UK and daily regular smokers in the industries visited were found to be at a high risk of oral pre‐cancer. Regular dental/oral check up and tobacco education programmes are encouraged for oral cancer/pre‐cancer control in industrial settings.
Evidence for the formation of metaplastic bone from pericytes in calcifying fibroblastic granuloma
Authors: Dayoub S. , Devlin H. , Sloan P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:  The calcifying fibroblastic granuloma (CFG) is a variant of epulis characterised histologically by calcified nodules and metaplastic bone formation and clinically by its pattern of frequent recurrence. Recent evidence suggests that calcified nodules and bone may form directly from non‐haemopoetic pericytes in a variety of situations. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that metaplastic bone formation in CFG may be the result of a pericytic differentiation pathway.Methods:  A series of 16 cases of CFG meeting the criteria of Lee were reviewed and stained using markers which aid the identification of pericyte (smooth muscle actin, von Willebrand's factor, monoclonal antibody 3G5) and osteoblast (AML‐3) lineages.Results:  The cells in mineralising areas of CFG resembled pericytes morphologically. Often, calcified nodules were observed within the vascular basement membrane and nodules frequently formed the nidus for reactive bone formation. The pericyte‐like cells were positive for smooth muscle actin and AML‐3 and were negative for von Willebrand's factor.Conclusions:  These data provide circumstantial evidence for a pericytic lineage in CFG.
Cellular mechanisms of osteoclast formation and lacunar resorption in giant cell granuloma of the jaw
Authors: Itonaga I. , Hussein I. , Kudo O. , Sabokbar A. , Watt‐Smith S. , Ferguson D. , Athanasou N. A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:  Giant cell granuloma (GCG) is an osteolytic tumour of the jaw which is characterised by the presence of both mononuclear and multinucleated (osteoclast‐like) giant cell components. The nature of these component cells and the pathogenesis of the extensive osteolysis associated with this lesion is uncertain.Methods:  Using cell culture techniques and immunohistochemistry, we defined the phenotypic characteristics of the mononuclear and multinucleated cells present in four cases of GCG of the jaw. We also analysed the cellular and humoral factors associated with osteoclast formation and osteolysis in these tumours and determined whether GCG stromal cells are capable of supporting osteoclast formation.Results:  GCG‐derived giant cells expressed the phenotypic characteristics of osteoclasts (TRAP+, VNR+, and calcitonin responsive) and were capable of lacunar resorption. In addition to macrophages, the mononuclear cell population contained numerous spindle‐shaped stromal cells which proliferated in culture and expressed RANKL; these GCG‐stromal cells were capable of supporting human osteoclast formation from circulating monocyte precursors.Conclusion:  Our findings indicate that the giant cells in GCG of the jaw are osteoclast‐like and formed from monocyte/macrophage precursors which differentiate into osteoclasts under the influence of RANKL‐expressing mononuclear stromal cells found in this lesion.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in salivary gland carcinomas and its relation to p53, Ki‐67 and prognosis
Authors: Lim Ji J. , Kang Sungmin , Lee Mi R. , Pai Hyun K. , Yoon Hye J. , Lee Jae I. , Hong Sam P. , Lim Chang Y. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been demonstrated to play an important role in tumor angiogenesis and to influence prognosis in many cancers. But, its significance in salivary gland carcinomas has not been elucidated. The authors investigated the association between VEGF expression and clinicopathological factors, p53, and Ki‐67 to verify its validity as a prognostic factor.Methods:  Surgical specimens from 45 patients with salivary gland carcinoma were examined for VEGF, p53, and Ki‐67 expression by immunohistochemical staining. The results were compared with the clinicopathological factors and the relationships were correlated.Results:  VEGF expression was low in 14 cases, moderate in 15 cases, and high in 16 cases. It was significantly correlated with a variety of clinicopathological factors such as TNM stage, perineural and vascular invasion, and recurrence. VEGF showed significant association with the expression of p53 but not with that of Ki‐67. Univariate analysis showed that age, gender, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, p53, Ki‐67, and VEGF expression correlate with prognosis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that VEGF is an independent prognostic factor for patients with salivary gland carcinomas.Conclusions:  The results of this study suggest that VEGF expression is correlated with p53 expression and that it may have prognostic value in salivary gland carcinomas.
Immunohistochemical study of matrilin‐1 in arthritic articular cartilage of the mandibular condyle
Authors: Ohno Shigeru , Murakami Kenichiro , Tanimoto Kotaro , Sugiyama Hiroki , Makihira Seicho , Shibata Takanori , Yoneno Kiyoshi , Kato Yukio , Tanne Kazuo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:  The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of matrilin‐1 in arthritic articular cartilage of the mandibular condyle by means of immunohistochemical methods.Methods:  Condylar cartilage specimens were obtained from temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of 12 patients with arthritis (osteoarthritis and internal derangement) (mean age 51.8 years; age range 28–71 years) and four patients with TMJ ankylosis (mean age 44.0 years; age range 16–64 years), diagnosed clinically and with imaging examinations. Paraffin sections were immunostained with anti‐matrilin‐1 antibodies.Results:  Matrilin‐1 expression was detected in both patient groups with TMJ ankylosis and arthritis, and the level was remarkably higher in arthritic cartilage. The mean percentage of matrilin‐1‐producing cells to the total chondrocytes was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the arthritic group (43.9 ± 19.2%) than in subjects with TMJ ankylosis (28.0 ± 8.7%).Conclusions:  Articular chondrocytes in the TMJ condyle can express matrilin‐1 and the expression is enhanced in arthritic cartilage, suggesting a presence of functional or adaptive remodeling in the condyle in response to degenerative changes in the TMJ structures.
Levamisole and Chinese medicinal herbs can modulate the serum interleukin‐6 level in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcerations
Authors: Sun Andy , Chia Jean‐San , Chang Yu‐Fong , Chiang Chun‐Pin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:  Recurrent aphthous ulcerations (RAU) are common oral inflammatory lesions. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine that has effects on cellular and humoral immunities. Previous studies have shown that the high serum IL‐6 levels in some RAU patients can be reduced by drug treatment. This finding suggests that IL‐6 may be a useful marker in evaluating therapeutic effects of RAU.Methods:  In this study, we used a solid phase, two‐site sequential chemiluminescent immunometric assay to determine the baseline serum levels of IL‐6 in a group of 228 patients with RAU, erythema multiforme (EM), traumatic ulcers (TU), oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), pemphigus vulgaris (PV), or Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and in 77 normal control subjects. Some RAU patients were treated with levamisole plus Chinese medicinal herbs or levamisole only for 0.5–5 months and their serum IL‐6 levels were measured after treatment.Results:  We found that about 99% of the normal control subjects and the patients with EM, TU, or OSF had a serum IL‐6 level within the normal limit of 5.0 pg/ml. However, 24% (48/197) RAU patients, 14% (1/7) EM patients, 43% (3/7) PV patients, and 100% (6/6) SS patients had a serum level of IL‐6 greater than 5.0 pg/ml. The mean serum level of IL‐6 in patients with RAU (3.6 ± 3.5 pg/ml, P < 0.001), minor type RAU (2.7 ± 2.0 pg/ml, P < 0.05), major type RAU (5.2 ± 4.6 pg/ml, P < 0.001), or herpetiform type RAU (4.1 ± 3.8 pg/ml, P < 0.01) was higher than that in normal control subjects. The mean serum level of IL‐6 in major type (P < 0.001) or in herpetiform type RAU patients (P < 0.05) was higher than that in minor type RAU patients. The mean reduction of serum IL‐6 level (10.0 ± 7.1 pg/ml) in RAU patients after treatment with levamisole plus Chinese medicinal herbs was significantly higher than that (5.1 ± 3.7 pg/ml) in RAU patients after treatment with levamisole only (P < 0.005), suggesting that the combination therapy is superior to the single therapy of levamisole only.Conclusion:  We conclude that levamisole and levamisole plus Chinese medicinal herbs can modulate the serum IL‐6 level in RAU patients. Although the therapeutic effect of RAU can be assessed by a decrease in the frequency, duration and number of the oral ulcerations, it can also be monitored by a reduction of serum IL‐6 level in RAU patients.
The multiform and variable patterns of onset of orofacial granulomatosis
Authors: Mignogna Michele D. , Fedele Stefano , Lo Russo Lucio , Lo Muzio Lorenzo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:  The recurrent chronic orofacial swelling caused by orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) can cause significant cosmetic and functional problems but can be prevented if the disease is diagnosed early and promptly treated. Although the enlargement of the lips is described to be the most common presenting complaint, the clinical onset of OFG may be characterized by minor associated mucosal and neurological manifestations, making early diagnosis very difficult or, sometimes, merely presumable.Patients and methods:  We retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations of 19 patients with OFG, who were examined at our institution between 1998 and 2002, in order to determine their initial manifestations and presenting symptoms.Results:  A total of 10 patients showed classical recurrent enlargement of the lips (six lower; four upper) as presenting symptom. In the other nine patients, OFG onset was characterized by transient unilateral facial nerve palsy (two cases), intraoral manifestations (two cases), recurrent swelling of the periorbital area (two cases), of the chin (one case), of the zygomatic area (one case), and of the cheeks (one case).Conclusion:  Our data underlined that OFG onset could be frequently characterized by widely variable, multiform, and temporary clinical findings. Involvement of atypical sites of the orofacial region and presence of single minor manifestations may occur as presenting symptoms, often preceding the development of traditional clinical findings.