bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3·6H2O‐Catalyzed Intermolecular‐Cascade Cyclization of Acetoacetanilide: Aldehyde‐Tuned Synthesis to Valuable 2‐Pyridone Analogues.
Authors: Sengupta Tista , Gayen Krishnanka S. , Pandit Palash , Maiti Dilip K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAromatic, aliphatic, chiral sugar‐based and chromone aldehydes are regio‐ and stereoselectively cyclized with acetoacetanilides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of 1‐(8‐(Benzyloxy)quinolin‐2‐yl)‐6‐substituted‐4,6‐diazaspiro [2,4]heptane‐5,7‐diones.
Authors: He Xianran , Zhong Min , Zhang Tao , Yang Jin , Wu Zhongyuan , Xiao Yuling , Guo Hao , Qiu Guofu , Hu Xianming 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA variety of new diazaspiroheptanediones (XII) (16 examples) are synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Aziridine‐2‐carboxylates: Versatile Precursors for Functionalized Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) Containing Heterocycles.
Authors: Lee Kyu Myung , Kim Jong Chan , Kang Philjun , Lee Won Koo , Eum Heesung , Ha Hyun‐Joon 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAn effective route for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure title compounds (IX) is developed from aziridine (I) using simple organic transformations.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Entry to the Phenanthridine Ring System.
Authors: Mondal Poulomi , Thander Latibuddin , Chattopadhyay Shital K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of target compounds (VIII) having diversity in rings A and C involves Ru‐catalyzed ring‐closing metathesis of the N‐propargyl anilines (IV) followed by Diels—Alder reaction with acetylene dicarboxylates.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinolin‐5(6H)‐one Derivatives in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Wang Hui‐Yan , Shi Da‐Qing 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCompared with hitherto known methods, this new protocol has the advantages of convenient operation, higher yields, lower costs and an environmentally benign procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of 7‐Arylsulfonyl‐1,2,3,4,4a,9a‐hexahydro‐benzo[4,5]furo[2,3‐c]pyridines: Identification of a Potent and Selective 5‐HT6 Receptor Antagonist (I) Showing Activity in Rat Social Recognition Test.
Authors: Tripathy Rabindranath , et al. et al. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe key step in the synthesis of (I) is the CuI‐mediated coupling reaction between methoxy‐isopropyloxybenzenethiol and 7‐iodo‐hexahydro‐benzofuropyridine followed by S‐oxidation with MCPBA.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Multicomponent Reaction of Aryl Amidines: Regiospecific Synthesis of New Polysubstituted Thiopyrano‐, and Pyrano[4,3‐d]pyrimidines.
Authors: Jiang Bo , Xue Li‐Yuan , Wang Xing‐Han , Tu Man‐Su , Liu Yin‐Ping , Tu Shu‐Jiang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA novel pseudo four‐component reaction of 4‐pyranones or thiones with aromatic aldehydes and arylamidines is established to provide the anellated pyrimidines regioselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Transition Metal‐Free Tandem Process to Pyrrolopyrazino[2,3‐d]pyridazine‐diones.
Authors: Huang Aiping , Qiao Zhi , Zhang Xinhai , Yu Wei , Zheng Qingqing , Ma Ying , Ma Chen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAn effective and simple method for the synthesis of the title compounds (III) and (IV) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach for the Synthesis of Some Pyrazolo[5,1‐c]triazines and Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines Containing Naphthofuran Moiety.
Authors: Abdelhamid Abdou O. , Shokry Shokry A. , Tawfiek Sayed M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTitle pyrazolotriazines (III) and pyrazolopyrimidines (V) are obtained by reaction of the naphthofuranyl‐carbonyl‐bearing enolate (I) with either pyrazolyldiazonium salts (II) or the corresponding amines (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Benzoxaborole Antimalarial Agents. Part 2. Discovery of Fluoro‐Substituted 7‐(2‐Carboxyethyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐1‐hydroxy‐2,1‐benzoxaboroles.
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Kang , et al. et al. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractStructure‐activity relationship was investigated by changing the substitution pattern at the aromatic ring of the benzoxaboroles.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic ent‐Kaurane Diterpenoids from Isodon henryi
Authors: Pu Jian‐Xin , et al. et al. 
Published: May 2012

Abstractisolation, structure elucidation, and cytotoxic activity of new ent‐kaurane diterpenoids, isodonhenrins A—E (I)—(V), and thirteen known analogues
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Revision of Burkholdac A.
Authors: Liu Junyang , Ma Xiao , Liu Yuqing , Wang Zhuo , Kwong Shuqin , Ren Qi , Tang Shoubin , Meng Yi , Xu Zhengshuang , Ye Tao 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTotal synthesis of the proposed structure (II) results in differences concerning the NMR spectra of the natural product.
Do Non‐profit Organizations Manage Earnings toward Zero Profit and Does Governmental Financing Play a Role?
Authors: Verbruggen Sandra , Christiaens Johan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPrior research has documented earnings management in for‐profit settings. Non‐profit organizations are thought to pay less attention to the bottom line and earnings management research has therefore focused on the manipulation of expenses in order to improve efficiency ratios or taxable income, not reported earnings per se. Considering an institutional setting characterized by the absence of such ratios and the presence of important subsidies, management of the actual bottom line is analyzed in light of these subsidies. The results suggest that organizations drive their results toward zero profit, which is intensified by increased governmental funding when unmanaged results are positive. The relation between downward earnings management and the presence of subsidies is particularly evident for organizations whose accumulated reserves are high. Copyright © 2012 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying reinforcement learning towards automating resource allocation and application scalability in the cloud
Authors: Barrett Enda , Howley Enda , Duggan Jim 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYPublic Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds such as Amazon, GoGrid and Rackspace deliver computational resources by means of virtualisation technologies. These technologies allow multiple independent virtual machines to reside in apparent isolation on the same physical host. Dynamically scaling applications running on IaaS clouds can lead to varied and unpredictable results because of the performance interference effects associated with co‐located virtual machines. Determining appropriate scaling policies in a dynamic non‐stationary environment is non‐trivial. One principle advantage exhibited by IaaS clouds over their traditional hosting counterparts is the ability to scale resources on‐demand. However, a problem arises concerning resource allocation as to which resources should be added and removed when the underlying performance of the resource is in a constant state of flux. Decision theoretic frameworks such as Markov Decision Processes are particularly suited to decision making under uncertainty. By applying a temporal difference, reinforcement learning algorithm known as Q‐learning, optimal scaling policies can be determined. Additionally, reinforcement learning techniques typically suffer from curse of dimensionality problems, where the state space grows exponentially with each additional state variable. To address this challenge, we also present a novel parallel Q‐learning approach aimed at reducing the time taken to determine optimal policies whilst learning online. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential effects of ret and TRKB on axonal branching and survival of parasympathetic neurons
Authors: Simpson Julie , Keefe Julie , Nishi Rae 
Published: May 2012

AbstractInteractions between neurons and their targets of innervation influence many aspects of neural development. To examine how synaptic activity interacts with neurotrophic signaling, we determined the effects of blocking neuromuscular transmission on survival and axonal outgrowth of ciliary neurons from the embryonic chicken ciliary ganglion. Ciliary neurons undergo a period of cell loss due to programmed cell death between embryonic Days (E) 8 and 14 and they innervate the striated muscle of the iris. The nicotinic antagonist d‐tubocurarine (dTC) induces an increase in branching measured by counting neurofilament‐positive voxels (NF‐VU) in the iris between E14‐17 while reducing ciliary neuron survival. Blocking ganglionic transmission with dihyro‐β‐erythroidin and α‐methyllycacontine does not mimic dTC. At E8, many trophic factors stimulate neurite outgrowth and branching of neurons placed in cell culture; however, at E13, only GDNF stimulates branching selectively in cultured ciliary neurons. The GDNF‐induced branching at E13 could be inhibited by BDNF. Blocking ret signaling in vivo with a dominant negative (dn)ret decreases survival of ciliary and choroid neurons at E14 and prevents dTC induced increases in NF‐VU in the iris at E17. Blocking TRKB signaling with dn TRKB increases NF‐VU in the iris at E17 and decreases neuronal survival at E17, but not at E14. Thus, RET promotes survival during programmed cell death in the ciliary ganglion and contributes to promoting branching when synaptic transmission is blocked while TRKB inhibits branching and promotes maintenance of neuronal survival. These studies highlight the multifunctional nature of trophic molecule function during neuronal development. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2013
Molecular Structures of Dipeptide–Palladium(II) Conjugated Complexes
Authors: Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Morimoto Kunihiro , Sakamoto Yuki , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe chiral tridentate 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxamide ligand L1H2 bearing two dipeptide chains (‐L‐Ala‐L‐Pro‐NHBu) was designed. Complexation of L1H2 with Pd(OAc)2 was demonstrated to afford the dipeptide–palladium(II) conjugated complex [(L1)Pd(MeCN)] (1) with an ancillary acetonitrile ligand. In the crystal packing of 1, a right‐handed helical‐like molecular arrangement was observed, wherein each assembly is connected through continuous intermolecular hydrogen bonds together with water molecules. The dipeptide–palladium(II) conjugated complex 1 was studied as a metalloreceptor through metal coordination to accommodate a guest ligand, 4‐aminopyridine, resulting in the formation of the dipeptide–palladium(II) conjugated complex [(L1)Pd(4APy)] (2). Each preorganized helical molecule of 2 is packed in a right‐handed helical‐like molecular arrangement in the crystal packing. The dipeptide–palladium(II) conjugated complex 2 was found to exhibit emission with a maximum at 652 nm in the solid state.
A Highly Luminescent Hexanuclear Molybdenum Cluster – A Promising Candidate toward Photoactive Materials
Authors: Kirakci Kaplan , Kubát Pavel , Dušek Michal , Fejfarová Karla , Šícha Václav , Mosinger Jiří , Lang Kamil 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA new Mo6 cluster complex and its silica and polyurethane composites have been synthesized and characterized. These materials are highly luminescent with emission above 650 nm, produce singlet oxygen with high efficiency, are photostable, and can be excited up to 580 nm. These properties are desirable for the construction of luminescent probes of oxygen, photoactive materials for oxidation reactions with easily separable active carriers, and bactericidal textile surfaces upon daylight irradiation.
Synthesis of Cholic Acid Oligomer–Taurine Conjugates: A Study of Their Aggregation and Cholesterol Solubilization
Authors: Satyanarayana T. B. N. , Maitra Uday , Savyasachi A. J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTaurine conjugates of two cholic acid derived oligomers with different spacers between the cholic acid units were synthesized. These molecules self‐assemble in aqueous media. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values were measured by using fluorescence spectroscopic analysis and the aggregates were characterized by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. The cooperativity of the cholic acid units in these tetramers to solubilize cholesterol was investigated. The ability of these molecules to act as nanocarriers for liphophilic dyes was also studied.
Unusual Control of Reaction Selectivity through a Subtle Change in the Ligand: Proof of Concept and Application in Pd‐Catalyzed C–P Bond Formation
Authors: Ananikov Valentine P. , Ivanova Julia V. , Khemchyan Levon L. , Beletskaya Irina P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA new concept for the design of ligands for transition‐metal‐catalyzed reactions is described. It was shown that the steric effect of triarylphosphanes upon coordination to a metal center can be controlled by switching between unrestricted and restricted rotation modes. The ligands studied were intrinsically tuned to possess characteristic signals in the 1H, 13C, 31P NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), thus allowing mechanistic studies to be easily carried out. The efficiency of the developed method was demonstrated in a study on the mechanistic pathways of Pd‐catalyzed hydrophosphorylation of alkynes. The catalytic cycle was explored step‐by‐step by using ESI‐MS and NMR methods. Several Pd species were detected under catalytic conditions and the nature of the intermediate metal complexes were evaluated. The process responsible for capturing the Pd catalyst in the inactive resting state and the routes leading to catalyst decomposition were identified and described. For the first time, the catalytic reaction mechanism of hydrophosphorylation of alkynes was revealed at a molecular level, which led to the design of a novel practical procedure for Pd‐mediated C–P bond formation. A new Pd/P[(MeO)nC6H5–n]3 catalytic system was proposed with the outstanding ability to control reaction selectivity simply by adjusting the methoxy substituents in the phosphane ligand.
A Convergent Hetero‐Diels–Alder Strategy for Asymmetric Access to a Lactone Containing Two Lipidic Chains
Authors: Vu Cong S. , Guisot Nicolas , Guillarme Stéphane , Martel Arnaud , Dujardin Gilles , Pipelier Muriel , Dubreuil Didier , Saluzzo Christine 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEu(fod)3‐catalyzed heterocycloaddition of chiral β‐alkyl‐N‐vinyl‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐ones with a heterodiene bearing a lipidic chain led to heterocycloadducts in high yield with excellent endo and facial selectivities. An original lipidic lactone, a potent precursor of a ceramide analog, was obtained in seven steps from the adduct in a convergent manner after appropriate functionalization.
Bioavailability of cyanide and metal–cyanide mixtures to aquatic life
Authors: Redman Aaron , Santore Robert 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Cyanide can be toxic to aquatic organisms, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed ambient water-quality criteria to protect aquatic life. Recent work suggests that considering free, rather than total, cyanide provides a more accurate measure of the biological effects of cyanides and provides a basis for water-quality criteria. Aquatic organisms are sensitive to free cyanide, although certain metals can form stable complexes and reduce the amount of free cyanide. As a result, total cyanide is less toxic when complexing metals are present. Cyanide is often present in complex effluents, which requires understanding how other components within these complex effluents can affect cyanide speciation and bioavailability. The authors have developed a model to predict the aqueous speciation of cyanide and have shown that this model can predict the toxicity of metal–cyanide complexes in terms of free cyanide in solutions with varying water chemistry. Toxicity endpoints based on total cyanide ranged over several orders of magnitude for various metal–cyanide mixtures. However, predicted free cyanide concentrations among these same tests described the observed toxicity data to within a factor of 2. Aquatic toxicity can be well-described using free cyanide, and under certain conditions the toxicity was jointly described by free cyanide and elevated levels of bioavailable metals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1774–1780. © 2012 SETAC
Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in soft tissue leiomyosarcoma is associated with a better prognosis
Authors: Setsu Nokitaka , Kohashi Kenichi , Endo Makoto , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Tamiya Sadafumi , Takahashi Yusuke , Yamada Yuichi , Ishii Takeaki , Matsuda Shuichi , Yokoyama Ryohei , Iwamoto Yukihide , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSignal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 mediates a broad range of biological processes, including cell survival and proliferation, and STAT3 has generally been regarded as a pro‐oncogenic transcription factor. We investigated the phosphorylation status of STAT3 and the protein expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) by immunohistochemistry in 145 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples of soft tissue leiomyosarcoma (LMS), including 129 primary tumors. Eight benign soft tissue smooth muscle tumors were also examined. Thirteen frozen LMS samples, which were paired with normal tissue samples, were assessed by Western blot analysis for the phosphorylation of STAT3 and SOCS3 expression. Immunohistochemical study showed that the phosphorylation of STAT3 was not a major event in LMS (37%). Moreover, phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) expression was significantly correlated with a better prognosis. Overexpression of SOCS3 was recognized in 52% of the cases and negatively correlated with pSTAT3 expression. Among the benign tumors, 63 and 25% were positive for pSTAT3 and SOCS3, respectively. Immunoblotting detected pSTAT3 in all tumor samples, but at lower levels than in non‐neoplastic tissue. SOCS3 was detected in 92% (12 out of 13) of tumor tissues, but in none of the normal tissues. Contrary to the previous investigations of many other malignant tumors, STAT3 was inactivated in most LMS cases, likely owing to SOCS3 overexpression. STAT3 might not contribute to the progression of soft tissue LMS, and the phosphorylation status of STAT3 has the potential to be a favorable prognostic marker of LMS.
Reduction of Fe(II)EDTA‐NO using Paracoccus denitrificans and changes of Fe(II)EDTA in the system
Authors: Li Ning , Zhang Yu , Li Yanmei , Chen Mingxiang , Dong Xiyang , Zhou Jiti 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: In the BioDeNOX technology for NOX removal from flue gas, bioreduction of Fe(II)EDTA‐NO and Fe(III)EDTA are core processes. In this study, a newly isolated strain, Paracoccus denitrificans, was used to reduce Fe(II)EDTA‐NO with glucose and Fe(II)EDTA as donor electrons. To better understand the change law of Fe(II)EDTA, the process of Fe(II)EDTA‐NO reduction by P. denitrificans with glucose and Fe(II)EDTA as electron donors was investigated, and the factors that might affect Fe(II)EDTA concentration were studied.RESULTS: For the bioreduction process of Fe(II)EDTA‐NO, P. denitrificans could use glucose and Fe(II)EDTA as electron donors. At different stages, primary electron donors were different, thereby affecting the concentration of Fe(II)EDTA in the system. It was also proved that this strain not only reduced Fe(III)EDTA with glucose as the electron donor but also secreted several substances that reacted with Fe(III)EDTA, resulting in increased Fe(II)EDTA concentration in the solution.CONCLUSIONS: This work has shown that P. denitrificans can reduce Fe(II)EDTA‐NO and Fe(III)EDTA simultaneously to regenerate NOX absorption solution. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Harmonic optical microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging platform for multimodal imaging
Authors: Pelegati Vitor B. , Adur Javier , De Thomaz André A. , Almeida Diogo B. , Baratti Mariana O. , Andrade Liliana A. L. A. , Bottcher‐luiz Fátima , Cesar Carlos. L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this work, we proposed and built a multimodal optical setup that extends a commercially available confocal microscope (Olympus VF300) to include nonlinear second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) optical (NLO) microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We explored all the flexibility offered by this commercial confocal microscope to include the nonlinear microscopy capabilities. The setup allows image acquisition with confocal, brightfield, NLO/multiphoton and FLIM imaging. Simultaneously, two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and SHG are well established in the biomedical imaging area, because one can use the same ultrafast laser and detectors set to acquire both signals simultaneously. Because the integration with FLIM requires a separated modulus, there are fewer reports of TPEF+SHG+FLIM in the literature. The lack of reports of a TPEF+SHG+THG+FLIM system is mainly due to difficulties with THG because the present NLO laser sources generate THG in an UV wavelength range incompatible with microscope optics. In this article, we report the development of an easy‐to‐operate platform capable to perform two‐photon fluorescence (TPFE), SHG, THG, and FLIM using a single 80 MHz femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser source. We described the modifications over the confocal system necessary to implement this integration and verified the presence of SHG and THG signals by several physical evidences. Finally, we demonstrated the use of this integrated system by acquiring images of vegetables and epithelial cancer biological samples. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrastructure of differentiating oocytes and vitellogenesis in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man)
Authors: Soonklang Nantawan , Wanichanon Chaitip , Stewart Michael J. , Stewart Praphaporn , Meeratana Prasert , Hanna Peter J. , Sobhon Prasert 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe ultrastructure of oogenesis in Macrobrachium rosenbergii, with reference to vitellogenesis, has not been reported. We used light and electron microscopy, as well as vitellin (Vn) purification and antibody production, to study the temporal and spatial production of Vn in the ovary by immunofluorescence. Histologically, the ovary is subdivided into cone‐shaped ovarian pouches with a central core containing layers of oogonia. These divide to produce oocytes that migrate outwardly and differentiate into mature oocytes. During the course of differentiation, oocytes undergo modifications, including the rearrangement of nuclear chromatin, the accumulation of ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and lipid, and the formation of secretory and yolk granules, resulting in four stages. Ultrastructurally, early previtellogenic oocytes (Oc1) are characterized by the accumulation of new ribosomal aggregates, translocated from the nucleus. Late previtellogenic oocytes (Oc2) show nuclear heterochromatin with a “clock face” pattern, the presence of RER, and three types of secretory granules. Follicular cells occupy the intercellular spaces and surround the Oc2. Early vitellogenic oocytes (Oc3) are larger, with nuclei containing predominantly decondensed euchromatin, and cytoplasm with yolk and secretory granules, and few lipid droplets. Late vitellogenic oocytes (Oc4) are characterized by completely euchromatic nuclei, an indistinct plasma membrane, yolk platelets and secretory granules, and abundant lipid. Vitellogenin (Vg) in ovaries of M. rosenbergii consist of two main bands at MW 90 and 102 kDa. Our data indicates that Vn is present, and probably synthesized in Oc3 and Oc4, but there may be some undetected exogenous Vg production. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.