bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le don de sperme en Israël, son secret et son anonymat
Authors: Soffer Y. , Birenbaum-Carmeli D. 
Published: January 2010

Résumé
Le secret et l’anonymat du don de sperme sont très forts en Israël. Ce mode est préféré par les couples inféconds et semble faciliter leur adaptation à la parentalité à long terme. Dans les communautés religieuses juives orthodoxes, ce don est, tout au plus, toléré à la condition paradoxale que le donneur soit d’ascendance non juive pour éviter un futur mariage incestueux ou consanguin. Bien que le nombre de couples inféconds n’ait pas diminué, la proportion des couples recevant un don de sperme ne cesse de baisser. Il n’est plus que de 20 à 25 % des receveurs de dons, la grande majorité, 75 à 80 %, étant constituée de femmes seules plutôt âgées. Lorsque l’enfant grandit, ces dernières désirent souvent qu’il puisse connaître son père biologique. La réussite du don de sperme à long terme exige aussi du médecin qu’il sache prendre en considération les sensibilités des personnes qu’il traite. Aussi, de même que l’importation de sperme de donneurs d’ascendance non juive est autorisée, il faudrait permettre le recrutement de donneurs sous un double régime: le régime de l’anonymat surtout pour les couples inféconds et le régime de « l’accessibilité » surtout pour les femmes seules.
Do We Need Chaperones for Intimate Examination in Urology Clinics? Patients' Preferences and Urologists' Practice in Scotland
Authors: Ong E. , Garnett S. , MacFarlane J.R. , Donat R. 
Published: January 2010

Introduction: General Medical Council (GMC) guidelines and the Ayling report recommend that a chaperone should be offered to all patients for every intimate examination. We wanted to establish whether these guidelines reflect men's preferences and urologists' current practice in intimate examination. Methods: All male patients attending urology outpatient clinics over a 3 month period at two hospitals were asked to fill in a preference questionnaire. A separate questionnaire was sent to all urologists in Scotland to establish the current practice. Results: 315 patients returned evaluable questionnaires. While 227 patients (73%) felt that a chaperone should be offered, only 45 patients (14.3%) wanted a chaperone. Of these, only 15 patients (4.8%) would not have been comfortable to ask for a chaperone. 64 (75.3%) Scottish urologists responded and only 3 (4.7%) urologists offered a chaperone to all male patients. 47 (73.4%) urologists did not routinely counsel patients about intimate examination under anaesthesia as part of transurethral surgery. Conclusion: Most men do not wish a chaperone to be present. Recommended best practice will protect the small minority of patients who want to have a chaperone. This involves the offer of a chaperone to all patients and accurate record keeping in the patient's case note.
Acupuncture analgesia for temporal summation of experimental pain: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Zheng Zhen , Feng Sam Jian Qiang , da Costa Cliff , Li Chun Guang , Lu David , Xue Charlie Changli 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground: Temporal summation of pain, a phenomenon of the central nervous system (CNS), represents enhanced painful sensation or reduced pain threshold upon repeated stimulation. This pain model has been used to evaluate the analgesic effect of various medications on the CNS.Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects and characteristics of analgesia induced by electroacupuncture (EA), manual acupuncture (MA) and non‐invasive sham‐acupuncture (SA) in healthy humans on temporal summation of pain.Methods: Thirsty‐six pain‐free volunteers were randomised into one of the three groups EA (2/100 Hz), MA or SA. Acupuncture intervention was on ST36 and ST40 on the dominant leg delivered by an acupuncturist blinded to the outcome assessment. Both subjects and the evaluator were blinded to the treatment allocation. Pain thresholds to a single pulse (single pain threshold, SPT) and repeated pulses electrical stimulation (temporal summation thresholds, TST) were measured before, 30 min after and 24 h after each treatment.Results: The baseline values of three groups were comparable. Compared to SA, EA significantly increased both SPT and TST immediately after the treatment on the treatment leg as well as 24 h after on both the treatment and non‐treatment legs (ANOVA, p < 0.05). MA also increased SPT and TST, but the changes were not significantly different from those induced by SA.Conclusion: EA induces bilateral, segmentally distributed and prolong analgesia on both SPT and TST, indicating a non‐centrally specific effect. This effect needs to be verified with heat or mechanical model and in pain patients.
An Institutional Comparison of Child Protection Systems in Australia and Norway Focused on Workforce Retention
Authors: HEALY KAREN , OLTEDAL SIV 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBy any standard, child protection work is a demanding field of social services work. Throughout much of the post-industrial world, child protection agencies face significant problems in recruiting and retaining front-line staff with the abilities required to undertake this often complex and stressful work. The capacity of these agencies to achieve their social policy objectives can be compromised by workforce instability. Despite a growing body of evidence about the contribution of local organisational and caseworker characteristics to workforce turnover, policy-makers face a dearth of information about how the broader institutional context of child protection systems contributes to challenges in workforce retention. This lack of evidence is notable given the varying rates of caseworker turnover observed internationally, particularly between social policy regimes where different institutional contexts shape workforce conditions. This article aims to contribute to the evidence base for improving workforce retention in child protection services through an institutional comparison of child protection systems in Queensland (Australia) and Norway. We analyse the role of the institutional conditions in shaping the nature and scope of child protection work, characteristics and responsibilities of caseworkers, and their financial remuneration for this work. We discuss how these institutional effects help to explain the differences in workforce turnover among child protection workers in Queensland and Norway.
Eine Therapiestudie zur Behandlung des visuellen Neglekts mittels Prismenadaptation
Authors: Dimova Violeta , Förtsch Joachim , Klos Thomas , Schupp Wilfried , Reinhardt Frank , Lautenbacher Stefan 
Published: December 2009

Studien weisen auf langfristige Therapieeffekte der Prismenadaptation auf Neglekt hin. Eine quantitative Einschätzung der Effektivität aufgrund von Effektgrößen liegt bisweilen nicht vor. Ziele der vorliegenden Studie waren die zu erreichenden Effektstärken nach einer mehrwöchigen Prismenadaptationstherapie bei visuellem Neglekt zu ermitteln und diese mit bekannten Erfolgsmaßen anderer Interventionsverfahren zu vergleichen. 14 Neglektpatienten bekamen in vier aufeinander folgenden Wochen (3x pro Woche) eine Prismenadaptationstherapie. Zur Erfassung der Therapieeffekte wurden diagnostische Standardtestverfahren und ein Fragebogen zu störungsspezifischen Beeinträchtigungen eingesetzt. Neun von den zehn ermittelten Effektgrößen der einzelnen neglekt-spezifischen Outcomemaße überstiegen den Wert von 0.8. Die Effektstärken für die miterhobene Kontrollvariable Aufmerksamkeit deuteten hingegen nur auf mittelgradige Veränderungen hin. Der Literaturvergleich mit weiteren Neglekttherapieverfahren legt ebenfalls die überdurchschnittlich hohe Effektivität der Prismenadaptationstherapie nahe.
Neurologische Erkrankungen und psychische Störungen: gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität und Kostenfaktoren
Authors: Fischer Stefan , Wendel Claudia , Jacobi Frank 
Published: December 2009

Hintergrund/ Fragestellung. Die Untersuchung vergleicht die Prävalenz psychischer Störungen bei Personen mit versus ohne neurologischen Erkrankungen sowie die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (HRQOL) und gesundheitsökonomischen Kostenindikatoren zwischen diesen Gruppen.Patienten und Methoden. Die Daten basieren auf dem bundesweiten Gesundheitssurvey (BGS 1998/99; repräsentative Erwachsenenstichprobe 18 – 65 Jahre, N=4181). Für eine Teilstichprobe von N=187 Teilnehmern mit mindestens einer neurologischen Diagnose (Lifetime) wurden die 12-Monats- Prävalenzen psychischer Störungen (DSM-IV; klinisches Interview: CIDI), ihr Zusammenhang mit der HRQOL (SF-36) und gesundheitsökonomischen Indikatoren (Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Leistungen, Ausfalltage) im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung ohne neurologische Erkrankung untersucht.Ergebnisse. Neurologische Erkrankungen gehen mit einer erhöhten Prävalenz psychischer Störungen einher (38.9 % vs. 30,8 %). Wenn psychische Störungen vorliegen, stehen diese bei der Gruppe mit neurologischer Diagnose mit einer verminderten psychischen und körperlichen HRQOL sowie ungünstigeren gesundheitsökonomischen Indikatoren (erhöhte Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Leistungen, erhöhte Anzahl an krankheitsbedingten Ausfalltagen) im Zusammenhang.Schlussfolgerung. Die Daten unterstreichen die besondere Bedeutung psychischer Störung für die HRQOL und gesundheitsökonomische Kostenfaktoren nach neurologischen Erkrankungen.
Konstruktvalidierung einer neuen Testbatterie für Wahrnehmungs- und Aufmerksamkeitsfunktionen (WAF)
Authors: Häusler Joachim , Sturm Walter 
Published: December 2009

Bei der Entwicklung der Verfahren der Testbatterie Wahrnehmungs- und Aufmerksamkeitsfunktionen (WAF: Sturm, 2006 ) kommt der theoriegeleiteten Operationalisierung einer aktuellen Aufmerksamkeitstaxonomie (vgl. Van Zomeren & Brouwer, 1994 ; Posner und Raichle, 1994; Sturm, 2009b ) eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war daher die Evaluierung mehrerer Aspekte der Konstruktvalidität, um eine Beurteilung zu ermöglichen, inwieweit die WAF Testbatterie das theoretische Modell, das ihr zugrunde liegt, widerspiegeln kann. Studie I befasst sich mit der Dimensionalität der Testmaterialien und verwendet zur Evaluierung Methoden der Probabilistischen Testtheorie, Studie II untersucht die nomothetische Spanne mittels linearer Strukturgleichungsmodelle. Beide Studien verwenden eine Stichprobe aus 295 gesunden Personen im Alter von 16 bis 77 Jahren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Testverfahren bezüglich beider Aspekte der Konstruktvalidität die Anforderungen der theoretischen Modelle erfüllen. Einerseits kann gezeigt werden, dass die Messungen eindimensional erfolgen und dass die mittleren Reaktionszeiten erschöpfende Statistiken für die zu messenden latenten Eigenschaften darstellen, und damit – in einer Normalstichprobe – alle zur Interpretation notwendigen Informationen von dieser Variable transportiert werden. Andererseits kann gezeigt werden, dass die Struktur der WAF Testbatterie dem theoretischen Konstrukt entspricht, während alternative Konstrukte schlechter zu den vorliegenden Daten passen würden.
Bioartificial matrices for therapeutic vascularization
Authors: Phelps Edward A. , Landázuri Natalia , Thulé Peter M. , Taylor W. Robert , García Andrés J. 
Published: January 2010

Therapeutic vascularization remains a significant challenge in regenerative medicine applications. Whether the goal is to induce vascular growth in ischemic tissue or scale up tissue-engineered constructs, the ability to induce the growth of patent, stable vasculature is a critical obstacle. We engineered polyethylene glycol–based bioartificial hydrogel matrices presenting protease-degradable sites, cell-adhesion motifs, and growth factors to induce the growth of vasculature in vivo. Compared to injection of soluble VEGF, these matrices delivered sustained in vivo levels of VEGF over 2 weeks as the matrix degraded. When implanted subcutaneously in rats, degradable constructs containing VEGF and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid tripeptide induced a significant number of vessels to grow into the implant at 2 weeks with increasing vessel density at 4 weeks. The mechanism of enhanced vascularization is likely cell-demanded release of VEGF, as the hydrogels may degrade substantially within 2 weeks. In a mouse model of hind-limb ischemia, delivery of these matrices resulted in significantly increased rate of reperfusion. These results support the application of engineered bioartificial matrices to promote vascularization for directed regenerative therapies.
Stereoelectronic and steric effects in side chains preorganize a protein main chain
Authors: Shoulders Matthew D. , Satyshur Kenneth A. , Forest Katrina T. , Raines Ronald T. 
Published: January 2010

Preorganization is shown to endow a protein with extraordinary conformational stability. This preorganization is achieved by installing side-chain substituents that impose stereoelectronic and steric effects that restrict main-chain torsion angles. Replacing proline residues in (ProProGly)
7
collagen strands with 4-fluoroproline and 4-methylproline leads to the most stable known triple helices, having
T

m

values that are increased by > 50 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry data indicate an entropic basis to the hyperstability, as expected from an origin in preorganization. Structural data at a resolution of 1.21 Å reveal a prototypical triple helix with insignificant deviations to its main chain, even though 2/3 of the residues are nonnatural. Thus, preorganization of a main chain by subtle changes to side chains can confer extraordinary conformational stability upon a protein without perturbing its structure.
Yields ofβ-hydroxynitrates, dihydroxynitrates, and trihydroxynitrates formed from OH radical-initiated reactions of 2-methyl-1-alkenes
Authors: Matsunaga Aiko , Ziemann Paul J. 
Published: January 2010

Yields ofβ-hydroxynitrates, dihydroxynitrates, and trihydroxynitrates, in particles formed from OH radical-initiated reactions of C9-C152-methyl-1-alkenes in the presence of NOxwere measured by using a thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometer coupled to a high-performance liquid chromatograph with a UV-visible (UV-vis) detector. Yields ofβ-hydroxynitrates and dihydroxynitrates increased with carbon number primarily due to enhanced gas-to-particle partitioning before reaching plateaus at ≈C14-C15, where the compounds were essentially entirely in the particle phase. Plateau yields ofβ-hydroxynitrates, dihydroxynitrates, and trihydroxynitrates were 0.183 ± 0.005, 0.045 ± 0.005, and 0.034 ± 0.005, and, after normalization for OH radical addition to the C = C double bond, were 0.225 ± 0.007, 0.055 ± 0.006, and 0.042 ± 0.006. The fractions of 1-hydroxy and 2-hydroxyβ-hydroxynitrate isomers were 0.90/0.10. Yields measured here and in our previous study of reactions of linear internal alkenes and linear 1-alkenes indicate that, for these alkene classes, the relative branching ratios for forming tertiary, secondary, and primaryβ-hydroxyalkyl radicals by OH radical addition to the C = C double bond are 4.3/1.9/1.0, and the branching ratios for formingβ-hydroxynitrates from reactions of tertiary, secondary, and primaryβ-hydroxyperoxy radicals with NO are 0.25, 0.15, and 0.12. The effects of H2O vapor and NH3on yields were also explored.
Reactive intermediates revealed in secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene
Authors: Surratt Jason D. , Chan Arthur W. H. , Eddingsaas Nathan C. , Chan ManNin , Loza Christine L. , Kwan Alan J. , Hersey Scott P. , Flagan Richard C. , Wennberg Paul O. , Seinfeld John H. 
Published: January 2010

Isoprene is a significant source of atmospheric organic aerosol; however, the oxidation pathways that lead to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) have remained elusive. Here, we identify the role of two key reactive intermediates, epoxydiols of isoprene (IEPOX =
β
-IEPOX +
δ
-IEPOX) and methacryloylperoxynitrate (MPAN), which are formed during isoprene oxidation under low- and high-NO

x

conditions, respectively. Isoprene low-NO

x

SOA is enhanced in the presence of acidified sulfate seed aerosol (mass yield 28.6%) over that in the presence of neutral aerosol (mass yield 1.3%). Increased uptake of IEPOX by acid-catalyzed particle-phase reactions is shown to explain this enhancement. Under high-NO

x

conditions, isoprene SOA formation occurs through oxidation of its second-generation product, MPAN. The similarity of the composition of SOA formed from the photooxidation of MPAN to that formed from isoprene and methacrolein demonstrates the role of MPAN in the formation of isoprene high-NO

x

SOA. Reactions of IEPOX and MPAN in the presence of anthropogenic pollutants (i.e., acidic aerosol produced from the oxidation of SO
2
and NO
2
, respectively) could be a substantial source of “missing urban SOA” not included in current atmospheric models.
A new model of home‐based telemonitored cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart failure: effectiveness, quality of life, and adherence
Authors: Piotrowicz Ewa , Baranowski Rafał , Bilinska Maria , Stepnowska Monika , Piotrowska Malgorzata , Wójcik Anna , Korewicki Jerzy , Chojnowska Lidia , Malek Lukasz A. , Klopotowski Mariusz , Piotrowski Walerian , Piotrowicz Ryszard 
Published: December 2009

AimsDespite proven benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), currently proposed CR models are not acceptable for many heart failure (HF) patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new model of home‐based telemonitored cardiac rehabilitation (HTCR) using walking training compared with an outpatient‐based standard cardiac rehabilitation (SCR) using interval training on a cycle ergometer.Methods and resultsThe study included 152 HF patients (aged 58.1 ± 10.2 years, NYHA class II and III, ejection fraction ≤40%) who were randomized to HTCR (n = 77) or SCR (n = 75). All patients underwent 8 weeks of CR. Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics and medical therapy. The effectiveness of CR was assessed by changes in NYHA class, peak oxygen consumption, 6‐min walking test distance, and SF‐36 score. Cardiac rehabilitation resulted in a significant improvement of all parameters in both groups. All patients in the HTCR group completed the 8 weeks of CR, whereas 15 patients in the SCR group (20%) discontinued CR.ConclusionIn patients with HF, HTCR is equally as effective as SCR and provides a similar improvement in quality of life. Adherence to CR seems to be better for HTCR. Home‐based telemonitored cardiac rehabilitation may be a useful alternative form of CR in patients with HF.
AraGEM, a Genome-Scale Reconstruction of the Primary Metabolic Network in Arabidopsis
Authors: de Oliveira Dal'Molin Cristiana Gomes , Quek Lake-Ee , Palfreyman Robin William , Brumbley Stevens Michael , Nielsen Lars Keld 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGenome-scale metabolic network models have been successfully used to describe metabolism in a variety of microbial organisms as well as specific mammalian cell types and organelles. This systems-based framework enables the exploration of global phenotypic effects of gene knockouts, gene insertion, and up-regulation of gene expression. We have developed a genome-scale metabolic network model (AraGEM) covering primary metabolism for a compartmentalized plant cell based on the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome. AraGEM is a comprehensive literature-based, genome-scale metabolic reconstruction that accounts for the functions of 1,419 unique open reading frames, 1,748 metabolites, 5,253 gene-enzyme reaction-association entries, and 1,567 unique reactions compartmentalized into the cytoplasm, mitochondrion, plastid, peroxisome, and vacuole. The curation process identified 75 essential reactions with respective enzyme associations not assigned to any particular gene in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes or AraCyc. With the addition of these reactions, AraGEM describes a functional primary metabolism of Arabidopsis. The reconstructed network was transformed into an in silico metabolic flux model of plant metabolism and validated through the simulation of plant metabolic functions inferred from the literature. Using efficient resource utilization as the optimality criterion, AraGEM predicted the classical photorespiratory cycle as well as known key differences between redox metabolism in photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic plant cells. AraGEM is a viable framework for in silico functional analysis and can be used to derive new, nontrivial hypotheses for exploring plant metabolism.
TheRON1/FRY1/SAL1Gene Is Required for Leaf Morphogenesis and Venation Patterning in Arabidopsis
Authors: Robles Pedro , Fleury Delphine , Candela Héctor , Cnops Gerda , Alonso-Peral María Magdalena , Anami Sylvester , Falcone Andrea , Caldana Camila , Willmitzer Lothar , Ponce María Rosa , Van Lijsebettens Mieke , Micol José Luis 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTo identify genes involved in vascular patterning in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we screened for abnormal venation patterns in a large collection of leaf shape mutants isolated in our laboratory. The rotunda1-1 (ron1-1) mutant, initially isolated because of its rounded leaves, exhibited an open venation pattern, which resulted from an increased number of free-ending veins. We positionally cloned the RON1 gene and found it to be identical to FRY1/SAL1, which encodes an enzyme with inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase and 3′ (2′),5′-bisphosphate nucleotidase activities and has not, to our knowledge, previously been related to venation patterning. The ron1-1 mutant and mutants affected in auxin homeostasis share perturbations in venation patterning, lateral root formation, root hair length, shoot branching, and apical dominance. These similarities prompted us to monitor the auxin response using a DR5-GUS auxin-responsive reporter transgene, the expression levels of which were increased in roots and reduced in leaves in the ron1-1 background. To gain insight into the function of RON1/FRY1/SAL1 during vascular development, we generated double mutants for genes involved in vein patterning and found that ron1 synergistically interacts with auxin resistant1 and hemivenata-1 but not with cotyledon vascular pattern1 (cvp1) and cvp2. These results suggest a role for inositol metabolism in the regulation of auxin responses. Microarray analysis of gene expression revealed that several hundred genes are misexpressed in ron1-1, which may explain the pleiotropic phenotype of this mutant. Metabolomic profiling of the ron1-1 mutant revealed changes in the levels of 38 metabolites, including myoinositol and indole-3-acetonitrile, a precursor of auxin.
WOX4 Promotes Procambial Development
Authors: Ji Jiabing , Strable Josh , Shimizu Rena , Koenig Daniel , Sinha Neelima , Scanlon Michael J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPlant shoot organs arise from initial cells that are recruited from meristematic tissues. Previous studies have shown that members of the WUSCHEL-related HOMEOBOX (WOX) gene family function to organize various initial cell populations during plant development. The function of the WOX4 gene is previously undescribed in any plant species. Comparative analyses of WOX4 transcription and function are presented in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a simple-leafed plant with collateral vasculature, and in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a dissected-leafed species with bicollateral venation. WOX4 is transcribed in the developing vascular bundles of root and shoot lateral organs in both Arabidopsis and tomato. RNA interference-induced down-regulation of WOX4 in Arabidopsis generated small plants whose vascular bundles accumulated undifferentiated ground tissue and exhibited severe reductions in differentiated xylem and phloem. In situ hybridization analyses of Atwox4-RNA interference plants revealed delayed and reduced expression of both the phloem developmental marker ALTERED PHLOEM1 and HOMEOBOX GENE8, a marker of the vascular procambium. Overexpression of SlWOX4 correlated with overproliferation of xylem and phloem in transgenic tomato seedlings. The cumulative data suggest that the conserved WOX4 function is to promote differentiation and/or maintenance of the vascular procambium, the initial cells of the developing vasculature.