bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Versus Comprehensive Neck Dissection after Chemoradiation for Advanced Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hillel Alexander T. , Fakhry Carole , Pai Sara I. , Williams Mark F. , Blanco Ray G. F. , Zinreich Eva S. , Levine Marshall A. , Westra William H. , Saunders John R. , Ha Patrick K. 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVETo determine whether a comprehensive neck dissection (CND) or a selective neck dissection (SND) is indicated as planned post–primary chemoradiation treatment (CRT) for patients with advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGA community teaching hospital.SUBJECTSPatients with advanced OPSCC who received a uniform CRT protocol at Greater Baltimore Medical Center (GBMC).METHODSMedical records of patients treated with primary CRT for locoregionally advanced OPSCC at GBMC between 2001 and 2007 were reviewed. All patients received 7000 to 7500, 6000, and 5000 cGy to primary disease sites, involved cervical lymphatics, and uninvolved cervical and supraclavicular lymphatics, respectively, with concomitant cisplatin (12 mg/m2/1 h) and 5‐fluorouracil (600 mg/m2/20 h) given on days one through five and 29 through 33.RESULTSSeventy‐six patients received CRT, and 41 met the criteria for neck dissection. Forty‐eight neck dissections were performed (34 unilateral and 7 bilateral), of which 23 (48%) were CNDs and 25 (52%) were SNDs. Residual carcinoma was found in six (26%) of the CND and five (20%) of the SND heminecks. The CND group had six (26%) complications, whereas the SND group had two (8%).CONCLUSIONThe high rate of residual disease demonstrated in this study supports the need for post‐CRT neck dissection. Although complication rates were not significantly different between the two groups, the trend in this study indicates that SND results in less morbidity. The presumed reduced morbidity and equivalent regional control rate suggest that SND is an appropriate surgical option for OPSCC patients after primary CRT.
Hypertonic Challenge to Porcine Vocal Folds: Effects on Epithelial Barrier Function
Authors: Sivasankar Mahalakshmi , Erickson Elizabeth , Rosenblatt Mark , Branski Ryan C. 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVEDehydration challenges can increase the chemical composition of surface fluid overlying vocal fold epithelia (hypertonic surface fluid). The vocal fold epithelium is posited to act as a barrier, shielding the lamina propria from perturbations in the airway lumen. However, the effects of hypertonic surface fluid on the barrier functions of vocal fold epithelia have not been quantified. We, therefore, sought to investigate whether hypertonic surface fluid compromises epithelial barrier function. We examined the effects of hypertonic surface fluid on vocal fold epithelial resistance, paracellular pathway morphology, and tight junction protein integrity.STUDY DESIGNEx vivo, between group design.SETTINGLaboratory.METHODSPorcine vocal folds (n = 24) were exposed to hypertonic or isotonic challenge and examined by electrophysiology, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot analyses.RESULTSHypertonic, but not isotonic, challenge significantly reduced transepithelial resistance. This decrease in resistance was observed immediately after the challenge and was consistent with the appearance of dilated paracellular pathway morphology. However, hypertonic challenge did not alter protein levels of occludin, zona occludens‐1, E‐cadherin, or β‐catenin.CONCLUSIONHypertonic surface fluid alters epithelial barrier function in the vocal folds. Specifically, exposure to hypertonic challenges increases epithelial permeability. Given the important role of the vocal fold epithelium in shielding the underlying mucosa from inhaled pathogens and pollutants, our data provide the impetus for future studies on pharmacological treatments aimed at restoring the hydration level and chemical composition of vocal fold surface fluid.
Baselines representing blood glucose clearance improvein vitroprediction of the glycaemic impact of customarily consumed food quantities
Authors: Monro John A. , Mishra Suman , Venn Bernard 
Published: November 2009

Glycaemic responses to foods reflect the balance between glucose loading into, and its clearance from, the blood. Currentin vitromethods for glycaemic analysis do not take into account the key role of glucose disposal. The present study aimed to develop a food intake-sensitive method for measuring the glycaemic impact of food quantities usually consumed, as the difference between release of glucose equivalents (GGE) from food duringin vitrodigestion and a corresponding estimate of clearance of them from the blood. Five foods – white bread, fruit bread, muesli bar, mashed potato and chickpeas – were consumed on three occasions by twenty volunteers to provide blood glucose response (BGR) curves. GGE release duringin vitrodigestion of the foods was also plotted. Glucose disposal rates estimated from downward slopes of the BGR curves allowed GGE dose-dependent cumulative glucose disposal to be calculated. By subtracting cumulative glucose disposal from cumulativein vitroGGE release, accuracy in predicting thein vivoglycaemic effect fromin vitroGGE values was greatly improved. GGEin vivo = 0·99GGEin vitro+0·75 (R20·88). Furthermore, the difference between the curves of cumulative GGE release and disposal closely mimickedin vivoincremental BGR curves. We conclude that valid measurement of the glycaemic impact of foods may be obtainedin vitro, and expressed as grams of glucose equivalents per food quantity, by taking account not only of GGE release from food duringin vitrodigestion, but also of blood glucose clearance in response to the food quantity.
Effects of a short-term overfeeding with fructose or glucose in healthy young males
Authors: Ngo Sock Emilienne Tudor , Lê Kim-Anne , Ith Michael , Kreis Roland , Boesch Chris , Tappy Luc 
Published: November 2009

Consumption of simple carbohydrates has markedly increased over the past decades, and may be involved in the increased prevalence in metabolic diseases. Whether an increased intake of fructose is specifically related to a dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism remains controversial. We therefore compared the effects of hypercaloric diets enriched with fructose (HFrD) or glucose (HGlcD) in healthy men. Eleven subjects were studied in a randomised order after 7 d of the following diets: (1) weight maintenance, control diet; (2) HFrD (3·5 g fructose/kg fat-free mass (ffm) per d, +35 % energy intake); (3) HGlcD (3·5 g glucose/kg ffm per d, +35 % energy intake). Fasting hepatic glucose output (HGO) was measured with 6,6-2H2-glucose. Intrahepatocellular lipids (IHCL) and intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) were measured by1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Both fructose and glucose increased fasting VLDL-TAG (HFrD: +59 %,P < 0·05; HGlcD: +31 %,P = 0·11) and IHCL (HFrD: +52 %,P < 0·05; HGlcD: +58 %,P = 0·06). HGO increased after both diets (HFrD: +5 %,P < 0·05; HGlcD: +5 %,P = 0·05). No change was observed in fasting glycaemia, insulin and alanine aminotransferase concentrations. IMCL increased significantly only after the HGlcD (HFrD: +24 %, NS; HGlcD: +59 %,P < 0·05). IHCL and VLDL-TAG were not different between hypercaloric HFrD and HGlcD, but were increased compared to values observed with a weight maintenance diet. However, glucose led to a higher increase in IMCL than fructose.
Postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to GM-resistant starch-enriched rice and the production of fermentation-related H2in healthy Chinese adults
Authors: Li Min , Piao Jian-Hua , Tian Yuan , Li Wei-Dong , Li Ke-Ji , Yang Xiao-Guang 
Published: November 2009

Consumption of resistant starch (RS)-enriched foods is associated with decrease in the postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses, accompanied by the production of fermentation-related gases in the large bowel. The present study aimed to determine the postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to the GM RS-enriched rice and the fermentation-related production of H2in young and healthy Chinese adults. A total of sixteen young adults (nine men and seven women) were recruited and divided into three groups. Their postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to 40 g glucose, carbohydrates of RS or wild-type (WT) rice were tested by a crossover model with a washout period of 7 d. The concentrations of blood glucose and insulin as well as breath H2were measured before and after food intake. Although the mean concentrations of fasting blood glucose, insulin and breath H2were similar, consumption of the RS rice significantly decreased the values of glycaemic index (GI) and insulin index (II), as compared with the intake of WT rice (48·4 (sem21·8)v.77·4 (sem34·9) for GI, 34·2 (sem18·9)v.54·4 (sem22·4) for II,P < 0·05), respectively. Conversely, intake of the RS rice meal significantly elevated the concentrations of breath H2, as compared with WT rice (38·9 (sem17·6)v.10·5 (sem3·7) parts per million for peak levels of breath H2,P < 0·05) through a period of 16-h tests. Consumption of the GM RS-enriched rice meal decreased the postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses and promoted RS fermentation-related production of H2in the large bowel of young and healthy Chinese adults.
Oat β-glucan supplementation does not enhance the effectiveness of an energy-restricted diet in overweight women
Authors: Beck Eleanor J. , Tapsell Linda C. , Batterham Marijka J. , Tosh Susan M. , Huang Xu-Feng 
Published: November 2009

Epidemiological evidence shows an inverse relationship between dietary fibre intake and body weight gain. Oat β-glucan, a soluble fibre alters appetite hormones and subjective satiety in acute meal test studies, but its effects have not been demonstrated with chronic consumption. The present study aimed to test the effects in women of two different doses of oat β-glucan on weight loss and hormones associated with appetite regulation. In a 3-month parallel trial, sixty-six overweight females were randomised into one of three 2 MJ energy-deficit diets: a control and two interventions including 5–6 g or 8–9 g β-glucan. Anthropometric and metabolic variables (blood glucose level, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL, TAG and leptin), together with markers of appetite regulation (cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY) and PYY3-36) were measured at baseline and at 3 months. After 3 months, all groups lost weight (P < 0·001) and showed a reduced waist circumference (P < 0·001). The study sample also showed reductions in TC, LDL, HDL, leptin, PYY, GLP-1 values (all P < 0·001) and an increase in CCK levels (P < 0·001). No significant differences were noted between the groups for all outcome values except PYY levels (P = 0·018). In broad terms, the addition of oat β-glucan did not enhance the effect of energy restriction on weight loss in mildly overweight women, although wide variations in observed results suggests that individual responsiveness may be an issue.
Berries modify the postprandial plasma glucose response to sucrose in healthy subjects
Authors: Törrönen Riitta , Sarkkinen Essi , Tapola Niina , Hautaniemi Elina , Kilpi Kyllikki , Niskanen Leo 
Published: November 2009

Sucrose increases postprandial blood glucose concentrations, and diets with a high glycaemic response may be associated with increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and CVD. Previous studies have suggested that polyphenols may influence carbohydrate digestion and absorption and thereby postprandial glycaemia. Berries are rich sources of various polyphenols and berry products are typically consumed with sucrose. We investigated the glycaemic effect of a berry purée made of bilberries, blackcurrants, cranberries and strawberries, and sweetened with sucrose, in comparison to sucrose with adjustment of available carbohydrates. A total of twelve healthy subjects (eleven women and one man, aged 25–69 years) with normal fasting plasma glucose ingested 150 g of the berry purée with 35 g sucrose or a control sucrose load in a randomised, controlled cross-over design. After consumption of the berry meal, the plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower at 15 and 30 min (P < 0·05, P < 0·01, respectively) and significantly higher at 150 min (P < 0·05) compared with the control meal. The peak glucose concentration was reached at 45 min after the berry meal and at 30 min after the control meal. The peak increase from the baseline was 1·0 mmol/l smaller (P = 0·002) after ingestion of the berry meal. There was no statistically significant difference in the 3 h area under the glucose response curve. These results show that berries rich in polyphenols decrease the postprandial glucose response of sucrose in healthy subjects. The delayed and attenuated glycaemic response indicates reduced digestion and/or absorption of sucrose from the berry meal.
Diet quality and obesity in women: the Framingham Nutrition Studies
Authors: Wolongevicz Dolores M. , Zhu Lei , Pencina Michael J. , Kimokoti Ruth W. , Newby P. K. , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Millen Barbara E. 
Published: November 2009

Obesity affects one in three American adult women and is associated with overall mortality and major morbidities. A composite diet index to evaluate total diet quality may better assess the complex relationship between diet and obesity, providing insights for nutrition interventions. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether diet quality, defined according to the previously validated Framingham nutritional risk score (FNRS), was associated with the development of overweight or obesity in women. Over 16 years, we followed 590 normal-weight women (BMI < 25 kg/m2), aged 25 to 71 years, of the Framingham Offspring and Spouse Study who presented without CVD, cancer or diabetes at baseline. The nineteen-nutrient FNRS derived from mean ranks of nutrient intakes from 3 d dietary records was used to assess nutritional risk. The outcome was development of overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) during follow-up. In a stepwise multiple logistic regression model adjusted for age, physical activity and smoking status, the FNRS was directly related to overweight or obesity (Pfor trend = 0·009). Women with lower diet quality (i.e. higher nutritional risk scores) were significantly more likely to become overweight or obese (OR 1·76; 95 % CI 1·16, 2·69) compared with those with higher diet quality. Diet quality, assessed using a comprehensive composite nutritional risk score, predicted development of overweight or obesity. This finding suggests that overall diet quality be considered a key component in planning and implementing programmes for obesity risk reduction and treatment recommendations.
Anthropometric, metabolic, psychosocial and dietary factors associated with dropout in overweight and obese postmenopausal women engaged in a 6-month weight loss programme: a MONET study
Authors: Messier Virginie , Hayek Jessy , Karelis Antony D. , Messier Lyne , Doucet Éric , Prud'homme Denis , Rabasa-Lhoret Rémi , Strychar Irene 
Published: November 2009

The objective of the present study was to examine anthropometric, metabolic, psychosocial and dietary factors associated with dropout in a 6-month weight loss intervention aimed at reducing body weight by 10 %. The study sample included 137 sedentary, overweight and obese postmenopausal women, participating in a weight loss intervention that consisted of either energy restriction (ER) or ER with resistance training (ER+RT). Anthropometric (BMI, percent lean body mass, percent fat mass, visceral adipose tissue and waist circumference), metabolic (total energy expenditure, RMR, insulin sensitivity and fasting plasma levels of leptin and ghrelin), psychosocial (body esteem, self-esteem, stress, dietary restraint, disinhibition, hunger, quality of life, self-efficacy, perceived benefits for controlling weight and perceived risk) and dietary (3-d food record) variables were measured. Thirty subjects out of 137 dropped out of the weight loss programme (22 %), with no significant differences in dropout rates between those in the ER and the ER+RT groups. Overall, amount of weight loss was significantly lower in dropouts than in completers ( − 1·7 (sd3·5)v.− 5·6 (sd4·3) kg,P < 0·05); weekly weight loss during the first 4 weeks was also significantly lower. Dropouts consumed fewer fruit servings than completers (1·7 (sd1·1)v.2·7 (sd1·53),P < 0·05) and had higher insulin sensitivity levels (12·6 (sd3·8)v.11·1 (sd2·8) mg glucose/min per kg fat-free mass,P < 0·05). The present results suggest that the rate of weight loss during the first weeks of an intervention plays an important role in the completion of the programme. Thus, participants with low rates of initial weight loss should be monitored intensely to undertake corrective measures to increase the likelihood of completion.
Rhabdias filicaudalisn. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from the snakeSpilotes pullatus(Serpentes: Colubridae) in Brazil
Authors: Barrella T.H. , dos Santos K.R. , da Silva R.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRhabdias filicaudalisn. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from the lung ofSpilotes pullatus(Serpentes: Colubridae) is described. The host snake was captured in the municipality of Avaré, São Paulo State, Brazil.Rhabdias filicaudalisn. sp. differs from all other species by the combination of the following characters: straight body, truncated anterior end, six weakly developed lips arranged in two opposite groups of three, pre-equatorial vulva, oesophagus length/body length ratio (%) 4.9–7.5 (5.8 ± 0.6), nerve ring distance from anterior end/oesophagus length ratio (%) 36.9–61.1 (49.8 ± 6.4), tail length/body length ratio (%) 3.0–5.5 (4.0 ± 0.5), vulva distance from anterior end/body length ratio (%) 39.9–51.7 (45.9 ± 3.5), and a cuticular filiform tail tip.
Quasisymmetric conjugacy between quadratic dynamics and iterated function systems
Authors: EROĞLU KEMAL ILGAR , ROHDE STEFFEN , SOLOMYAK BORIS 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe consider linear iterated function systems (IFS) with a constant contraction ratio in the plane for which the ‘overlap set’ 𝒪 is finite, and which are ‘invertible’ on the attractor A, in the sense that there is a continuous surjection q:A→A whose inverse branches are the contractions of the IFS. The overlap set is the critical set in the sense that q is not a local homeomorphism precisely at 𝒪. We suppose also that there is a rational function p with the Julia set J such that (A,q) and (J,p) are conjugate. We prove that if A has bounded turning and p has no parabolic cycles, then the conjugacy is quasisymmetric. This result is applied to some specific examples including an uncountable family. Our main focus is on the family of IFS {λz,λz+1} where λ is a complex parameter in the unit disk, such that its attractor Aλ is a dendrite, which happens whenever 𝒪 is a singleton. C. Bandt observed that a simple modification of such an IFS (without changing the attractor) is invertible and gives rise to a quadratic-like map qλ on Aλ. If the IFS is post-critically finite, then a result of A. Kameyama shows that there is a quadratic map pc (z)=z2 +c, with the Julia set Jc such that (Aλ,qλ) and (Jc,pc) are conjugate. We prove that this conjugacy is quasisymmetric and obtain partial results in the general (not post-critically finite) case.
Existence of periodic orbits for geodesible vector fields on closed 3-manifolds
Authors: RECHTMAN ANA 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper we deal with the existence of periodic orbits of geodesible vector fields on closed 3-manifolds. A vector field is geodesible if there exists a Riemannian metric on the ambient manifold making its orbits geodesics. In particular, Reeb vector fields and vector fields that admit a global section are geodesible. We will classify the closed 3-manifolds that admit aperiodic volume-preservingCωgeodesible vector fields, and prove the existence of periodic orbits forCωgeodesible vector fields (not volume preserving), when the 3-manifold is not a torus bundle over the circle. We will also prove the existence of periodic orbits ofC2geodesible vector fields on some closed 3-manifolds.
Nil–Bohr sets of integers
Authors: HOST BERNARD , KRA BRYNA 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe study relations between subsets of integers that are large, where large can be interpreted in terms of size (such as a set of positive upper density or a set with bounded gaps) or in terms of additive structure (such as a Bohr set). Bohr sets are fundamentally abelian in nature and are linked to Fourier analysis. Recently it has become apparent that a higher order, non-abelian, Fourier analysis plays a role both in additive combinatorics and in ergodic theory. Here we introduce a higher-order version of Bohr sets and give various properties of these objects, generalizing results of Bergelson, Furstenberg, and Weiss.
Marrying out of the lower classes in nineteenth-century Belgium
Authors: VAN DE PUTTE BART , ORIS MICHEL , MATTHIJS KOEN 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTIn this article we address one of the most prominent questions in historical sociology: did economic modernization in the nineteenth century lead to societal openness? In an attempt to answer the question we examine the chances for lower-class grooms of marrying upwardly in five Belgian cities (Aalst, Leuven, Ghent, Verviers, and Liège). Our findings show that there is no support for a meritocracy hypothesis. The chances of marrying out of the lower classes did not increase, in either absolute or relative terms. Social closure strategies were efficient in that they apparently prevented upward marital mobility for lower-class grooms. As these findings were measured in a highly advanced economic context, this study casts strong doubts on the relationship between economic modernization, meritocracy, and marital mobility, at least for the nineteenth century.
Record of Late Miocene glacial deposits on Isla Marambio (Seymour Island), Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Marenssi Sergio A. , Casadío Silvio , Santillana Sergio N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe report and describe two new small diamictite outcrops on Isla Marambio (Seymour Island), Antarctic Peninsula. These rocks rest on an erosional unconformity on top of the Eocene La Meseta Formation and are unconformably covered by glaciomarine rocks of the ?Pliocene–Pleistocene Weddell Sea Formation. The lithology, fossil content and isotopic ages obtained strongly suggest that the rocks belong to the Hobbs Glacier Formation and support a Late Miocene age for this unit. Additionally, the dated basalt clast provides the oldest age (12.4 Ma) for the James Ross Island Volcanic Group recorded up to now. The here described diamictite cannot be confidently correlated with a glaciomarine unit previously assigned to the Late Eocene–Lower Oligocene taken as proof that initial expansion of ice on Antarctica encompassed the entire continent synchronously in the earliest Oligocene. However, it is now evident that there are likely to be more, short but important, stratigraphic sequences of key regional and Antarctic wide interest preserved on the plateau of Isla Marambio.