bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermosensitive Microparticles Based on Unsaturated Esters of some Poly‐ and Oligosaccharides: Preparation, Characterization, Drug Inclusion and Release
Authors: Hamcerencu Mihaela , Popa Marcel , Desbrieres Jacques , Riess Gerard 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSummary: The paper concerns the preparation and characterization of hydrogel microparticles based on exopolysaccharide (Gellan, Xanthan) unsaturated derivatives and respectively on cyclodextrin as well as their application for some hydrosoluble and liposoluble drugs inclusion. In the first step the polysaccharide and cyclodextrin unsaturated esters (maleate, acrylate) were synthesized and their hydrogel forming capacity was tested using a grafting‐crosslinking free‐radical reaction with N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAm), at room temperature. For a better control of the crosslinking degree N,N' methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (BIS), replaced by cyclodextrin tri‐acrylate (A‐CD) in a few experiments, was used. The microparticles were obtained by using the method in w/o emulsion, in which the dispersed aqueous phase is the reaction mixture and the oil phase is hexane. The particles containing polysaccharide esters showed an average diameter around 100 µm when crosslinking was achieved with BIS. They were smaller than those crosslinked with A‐CD, which are in the range of 200‐300 µm; the particles based on Xanthan maleate were smaller than Gellan maleate based ones. Even much smaller particles (2‐2.5 µm in diameter) were obtained by starting from A‐CD grafted‐crosslinked systems. The synthesized microparticles are able to include chloramphenicol, as well as progesterone; the drug is slowly released according to diffusion controlled kinetics. The application of these microparticles in emergency ophthalmic treatments is possible as a result of their thermal sensitivity; they can collapse and release the drug instantly when placed in contact with the human eye, at 37 °C.
Electron‐Beam‐Induced Radiation Effects on Siloxane Foam
Authors: Huang Wei , Gao Xiaoling , Xiong Jie , Xiong Liangping , Xu Yunshu , Fu Yibei 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSummary: Two types of siloxane foam were irradiated by an electron beam at room temperature. Changes in the chemical structure of the samples were determined by Fourier‐transform infrared resonance. The gaseous products from the irradiated samples were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Electron spin resonance was used to analyze the free radicals, and the compression properties were determined by a universal material tester. The results indicated that the effect of absorbed dose on the mechanical properties of polymethylvinyl siloxane foam was more pronounced than that for polymethylphenylvinyl siloxane foam. The yield of gases evolved from the radiation degradation of polymethylvinyl siloxane foam was higher than that from polymethylphenylvinyl siloxane foam. The free‐radical signal from polymethylphenylvinyl siloxane foam was stronger and lasted longer than that from polymethylvinyl siloxane foam after irradiation.
The Rebinding Properties of Bovine Serum Albumin Imprinted Calcium Alginate/Phosphate Hybrid Microspheres Via the Adjustment of pH Values and Salt Concentration
Authors: Zhao Kongyin , Cheng Guoxiang , Wei Junfu , Zhou Jinyang , Zhang Jinlong , Chen Li 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSummary: Bovine serum albumin imprinted calcium phosphate/alginate hydrogel microspheres were prepared with sodium alginate (SA), (NH4)2HPO4, and using CaCl2 as gelling agent, bovine serum albumin (BSA) as template in inverse suspension. The optimized rebinding properties of BSA imprinted hydrogel microspheres were investigated by controlling pH value and ionic concentration from the viewpoint of adjusting the process of gelling, removing template and rebinding. The optimized pH values for the imprinting of BSA in gelling, removing template and rebinding process was 4.1, 8.3 and 4.8, respectively. The effect of NaCl concentration on the BSA rebinding was also determined. We provided a strategy to get the optimized imprinting efficiency by altering pH value and ionic concentration in a weakly ionic cross‐linked hydrogel system on the process of protein's imprinting.
Green as it Gets; Donor‐Acceptor type Polymers as the Key to Realization of RGB Based Polymer Display Devices
Authors: Gunbas Gorkem , Toppare Levent 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSummary: Polymers that have one of the three complementary colors (red, green, and blue, RGB) in the neutral state and high transmissivity in the oxidized state are the key materials towards use in electrochromic devices and displays. Although many neutral state red and blue polymers have been reported up to date, green polymers with highly transmissive oxidized states, high optical contrasts, fast switching times, and advanced long‐term switching stabilities were essentially missing in the literature. This paper reviews our previous efforts towards realization of neutral state green polymers with highly transmissive oxidized state. The key to this problem was found to be the synthesis of donor‐acceptor polymers bearing benzothiadiazole or quinoxaline derivatives as the acceptor and electron rich 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene unit as the donor component. Green neutral state polymeric materials with highly transmissive oxidized state with excellent electrochromic properties have been realized with the design and synthesis of these types of materials. A solution processable green polymeric material has also been realized via chemical polymerization that has shown all superior properties of the electrochemically synthesized counterparts.
Dioxaheteroatom Cyclics as Initiators for Radical Polymerization
Authors: Howell Bob A. , Feng Zeng‐Rui , Cho Young‐Jun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSummary: An attractive way to incorporate flame‐retarding moieties into oligomers or polymers is to use strained heterocyclic compounds which contain a thermally‐labile carbon‐carbon bond which will undergo thermolysis at modest temperature to generate a diradical capable of initiating vinyl polymerization. Suitably substituted, they may contain either bromine or phosphorus‐containing moieties, or both. The diol precursors to these heterocycles are generally available from reductive coupling of the corresponding ketones. Conversion of the diols to the heterocycles can be accomplished using standard reagents. Phospholanes generated in this way tend to be quite thermally unstable and often degrade within hours to generate a variety of products. On the other hand, siloles derived from appropriate diols display much greater thermal stability. They can be isolated as crystalline solids and may be used to initiate polymerization at 100‐200 °C. Incorporation of heterocycle‐derived units into the mainchain can impart polymer flame retardancy directly. Alternately, oligomers may be generated for use as flame retardant additives for polymeric materials.
Facilitated temporal summation of pain at spinal level in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Perrotta Armando , Sandrini Giorgio , Serrao Mariano , Buscone Simona , Tassorelli Cristina , Tinazzi Michele , Zangaglia Roberta , Pacchetti Claudio , Bartolo Michelangelo , Pierelli Francesco , Martignoni Emilia 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:Pain is one of the major nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. We hypothesized that Parkinson's disease patients could show an early diffuse abnormal processing of the nociceptive inputs also in the absence of clinical pain syndrome and that this could represent the physiopathological substrate to explain the high incidence of diffuse pain symptoms.Materials and methods:We used the temporal summation threshold of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex and the related pain sensation to evaluate the facilitation in pain processing at spinal level. Fifteen (7 Women; 8 Men; mean age 63.0 ± 9.1) Parkinson's disease patients without clinical pain and 12 (6 Women, 6 Men; mean age 61.2 ± 4.2) healthy subjects were recruited. Parkinson's disease group has been subdivided into two subgroups, 7 early‐stage Parkinson's disease patients with unilateral signs (Hoehn and Yahr stage 1) and 8 patients in a more advanced stage of the disease showing bilateral parkinsonian signs (Hoehn and Yahr stages 2 and 2.5), both “on” and “off” treatments with levodopa.Results:A significant facilitation in temporal summation of pain (reduced temporal summation threshold and increased painful sensation) was found in Parkinson's disease patients when compared with controls. This facilitation is more evident in Parkinson's disease with bilateral signs and on the side more affected in Parkinson's disease with unilateral signs. Levodopa administration failed to significantly modify the neurophysiological abnormalities; however, a slight improvement has been detected.Conclusions:The increased gain in pain processing at spinal level in Parkinson's disease patients could be a consequence of the degenerative phenomena involving supraspinal projections implicated in the modulation of pain processing and could make Parkinson's disease patients more predisposed to develop a pain condition. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
CD36 is involved in lycopene and lutein uptake by adipocytes and adipose tissue cultures
Authors: Moussa Myriam , Gouranton Erwan , Gleize Béatrice , Yazidi Claire El , Niot Isabelle , Besnard Philippe , Borel Patrick , Landrier Jean‐François 
Published: December 2010

AbstractScope: Carotenoids are mainly stored in adipose tissue. However, nothing is known regarding the uptake of carotenoids by adipocytes. Thus, our study explored the mechanism by which lycopene and lutein, two major human plasma carotenoids, are transported.Methods and results: CD36 was a putative candidate for this uptake, 3T3‐L1 cells were treated with sulfosuccinimidyl oleate, a CD36‐specific inhibitor. sulfosuccinimidyl oleate‐treated cells showed a significant decrease in both lycopene and lutein uptake as compared to control cells. Their uptake was also decreased by partial inhibition of CD36 expression using siRNA, whereas the overexpression of CD36 in Cos‐1 cells increased their uptake. Finally, the effect of CD36 on carotenoid uptake was confirmed ex vivo in cultures of adipose tissue explants from CD36−/− mice, which exhibited reduced carotenoid uptake as compared to wild‐type mice explants.Conclusion: For the first time, we report the involvement of a transporter, CD36, in carotenoid uptake by adipocytes and adipose tissue.
A 6.5–50‐GHz battery‐powered compact rotary joint for polarization ellipticity measurements
Authors: Zürcher J.‐F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA simple, efficient, and compact rotary joint has been designed, realized, and measured.It has been used intensively to perform polarization ellipticity measurements on various circularly polarized antennas (e.g., helical antennas and circularly polarized horns, used either individually or feeding a lens antennas) operating in millimeter‐wave band (∼30 GHz). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:375–379, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25692
Broadband gap‐coupled assembly of patches forming elliptical patch antenna
Authors: Sharma Vijay , Saxena V. K. , Saini J. S. , Bhatnagar D. , Sharma K. B. , Joshi L. M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe radiation performance of a compact gap‐coupled assembly of patches forming the geometry of elliptical patch antenna is simulated and tested using glass epoxy FR4 substrate material. This assembly is achieved by cutting a conventional elliptical patch antenna geometry into three independent patches through two narrow slits parallel to minor axis of elliptical patch. The two outer patches are identical in shape and size, and the central patch is excited through inset probe feed. Two outer patches are gap coupled to the center patch. This arrangement of antenna elements resonate at three frequencies 3.41, 3.62, and 5.54 GHz, respectively. The first two frequencies are closely spaced and gives an improved bandwidth (>10%). The radiation patterns of antenna at all three frequencies are almost identical in shape and nature. Details of the antenna design approach and experimental results are presented and discussed systematically. Measurements are in excellent agreement with simulation results which make the proposed structure promising for Wi‐Max applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:340–344, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25693
High‐frequency low‐power LC divide‐by‐2/3 injection‐locked frequency divider
Authors: Miao Y. N. , Boon C.C. , Do M. A. , Yeo K. S. , Zhang Y. X. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn LC divide‐by‐2/3 injection‐locked frequency divider (ILFD) is described, where a pair of switched capacitors is used to select the division ratio between 2 and 3. The locking range analysis of the ILFD based on the gain and phase conditions is discussed. Based on the analysis, the optimized bias current in order to achieve the maximum locking range for the ILFD is obtained and is verified through measurement. The circuit was fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The input frequency of the divide‐by‐2/3 ILFD is from 4.28 to 4.81 GHz with an input power of −0.5 dBm. The power consumption of the ILFD is 3.15 mW at 1.8 V supply voltage. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:337–340, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25694
Dual‐antenna diversity‐gain improvements for even‐odd mode feed network at 755 MHZ
Authors: Kim J. , Kim M. , Jeon S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractImprovement in antenna diversity gain due to an even‐odd mode feed network is experimentally estimated at 755 MHz for a closely‐packed dual meander monopole system.The even‐odd mode feed network reduces the mutual coupling between antenna elements from −6 to −16 dB and eliminates the correlation between the radiation patterns. The diversity gain improves from 1.2 to 2.5 dB when the even‐odd mode network replaces the regular separated‐feed network. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:304–306, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25696
Back‐scattering noise reduction using RF tone in RSOA‐based bidirectional optical access link
Authors: Lee Jae‐Min , Won Yong‐Yuk , Han Sang‐Kook 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe performance of bidirectional optical transmission system using the same wavelength can be easily degraded by Rayleigh backscattering signal.The backscattered signal makes phase noise, and it is detected as intensity noise of baseband in receiver. The unwanted noise interferes with the wanted data signals. The upstream baseband noise can be reduced by frequency chirp induced by RF tone modulation in reflective semiconductor optical amplifier. Verification of the proposed technique has been performed through bidirectional 20‐km transmission experiments at 1.25 Gb/s. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:331–334, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25704
EMFIE and MEFIE formulations for the analysis of scattering from dielectric and composite bodies of revolution
Authors: Resende Úrsula C. , Moreira Fernando J. S. , Pereira‐Filho Odilon M. C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this article, the electromagnetic scattering from dielectric and composite bodies of revolution are analyzed by the electric‐magnetic field integral equation (EMFIE) and the magnetic‐electric field integral equation (MEFIE), which are customarily overlooked in the literature. A standard method‐of‐moments (MoM) technique is applied for the numerical solution of the surface integral equations. Several dielectric and composite geometries are analyzed through the bandwidth and results are compared with those of well‐established Müller and PMCHWT (a solution proposed by Poggio, Miller, Chang, Harrington, Wu, and Tsai) integral equation formulations. Investigated case studies indicate that the MoM Z‐matrices yielded by the EMFIE and MEFIE are as well‐conditioned as those provided by the Müller and PMCWHT formulations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:398–402, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25720
High‐gain characteristics of epsilon‐negative first‐order resonator microstrip patch antennas
Authors: Jie X. Y. , Luo C. R. , Liu Y. H. , Tang H. F. , Zhao X. P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA high‐gain microstrip patch antenna based on an epsilon‐negative transmission line is investigated numerically and experimentally. Using the novel resonance of the epsilon‐negative first‐positive‐order resonator, gain of proposed patch antenna could be effectively enhanced. Compared with the conventional patch antenna, the experimental results show that the half‐power beamwidths in the E and H planes of the proposed antenna are both reduced about 16°. As a result, gain of the proposed antenna is enhanced about 2 dB. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:300–303, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25722
Dual‐band antenna design using M‐shaped open stub
Authors: Park Sang Yong , Park Jong Kweon , Kim Jin Suk 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this article, we have introduced dual‐band antenna with M‐shaped open stub for wideband local area network (WLAN)/ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications. The M‐shaped open stub is inserted into the proposed antenna for WLAN operation. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. Parametric studies and radiation characteristics for the designed antenna was simulated and measured. The designed antenna has the characteristics of wide bandwidth, dual‐band, and negligible dispersion over the UWB band. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:455–458, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25729
TD solution based on UTD‐PO for multiple‐building diffraction with shadowing caused by a wedge‐shaped hill for UWB signals
Authors: Han Tao , Long Yunliang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA time domain (TD) solution based on uniform theory of diffraction‐physical optics (UTD‐PO) is presented to analyze the multiple‐building diffraction in urban areas where a wedge‐shaped hill causes shadowing of the transmitter from the receiver.We derive the channel impulse response of the renowned Bertoni's model, which utilizes a recursion relation and does not need to incorporate the slope diffraction in the transition zone. The received signals can be predicted through a simple operation of convolution, which provides a faster and easier final solution for UWB radio propagation and significantly reduces the computational time. The TD result can be applied to analyze the UWB pulse distortion by multiple‐building diffraction in urban areas where the city is surrounded by hilly areas. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:426–429, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25730
A high precision close‐loop programmable CMOS delay generator for UWB and time domain RF applications
Authors: Xu Rui , Nguyen Cam 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article presents a novel programmable high precision delay generator with adjustable digital control for ultra‐wideband and time‐domain RF applications.Ring oscillator based phase locked loop (PLL) is embedded to achieve desired propagation delay in the delay cell against process, temperature, and power supply variations. A replica inverter delay line parallel to the PLL offers a separate delay path for input clock. Sub‐nanosecond delay step with high accuracy can be obtained by shaping the input clock slope and keeping a careful matching between the replica delay line and the delay cell in PLL. The prototype of the delay generator is implemented on a 0.18‐μm CMOS process. The measurement results show relative delay error of 0.8%. The circuit consumes 9.5 mA from a 1.8‐V power supply. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:390–392, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25732
A fast domain decomposition method based on orthogonal polynomials approximation for solving electromagnetic scattering problems
Authors: Lü Zhi‐Qing , An Xiang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe partial basic solution vector based domain decomposition method (PBSV‐DDM) is well suited for solving large‐scale finite periodic electromagnetic problems.In this work, a new implementation scheme is developed to improve the efficiency of the PBSV‐DDM. A set of orthogonal polynomials is introduced to approximate the transmission condition between adjacent subdomains, which results in solving for the polynomial coefficients instead of the dual unknowns. The major advantages of the proposed method are: (i) the computational cost and the memory requirement for the PBSV matrix are decreased significantly; (ii) the computational efforts of the matrix‐vector multiplication during iterations can also be reduced greatly; (iii) in contrast with the rank‐revealing matrix factorization based DDM, this method does not need to explicitly produce the entire PBSV matrix in advance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:357–361, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25734
Experimental investigation of resonant frequency of multilayered rectangular and circular microstrip antennas
Authors: Kumar Raj , Malathi P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article presents the experimental results and verification of design expressions of multilayer rectangular and circular microstrip patch. Three rectangular and circular microstrip patch of different dimension have been fabricated on substrates εr2 = 4.3, thickness 1.53 mm and εr2 = 2.2, thickness 0.787 mm. The measurements have been carried out for simple microstrip patch, covered microstrip patch, space dielectric patch and microtrip patch with two superstrate. The experimental results obtained have been compared with reported design expression of multilayer rectangular and circular Microstrip patch in (Kumar and Malathi, Microwave Opt Technol Lett (2007), 2946‐2950; Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40 (2008), 3206‐3212). The experimental resonant frequency is in close agreement with the calculated resonant frequency. Such experimental validation and results may prove to be more useful for design engineers and further investigation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:352–356, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25735
A novel compact dual‐band antenna for IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n WLAN
Authors: Harmouzi Mustapha , Essaaidi Mohamed 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article presents a novel compact T shaped microstrip dual‐band antenna for 2.4 GHz WLAN (2.4–2.484 GHz), and the 5‐GHz WLAN (5.15–5.35/5.725–5.825 GHz) bands.The proposed antenna has a simple geometry, a small size of 15 mm × 15 mm, and the excitation is launched through a 50‐Ω microstrip feed line. Several properties of the proposed compact antenna as impedance bandwidth, radiation pattern, and measured gain have been simulated and measured. This antenna is attractive by its simple configuration, low profile, compactness, low fabrication cost, and operation at all the frequencies defined by IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n standards for WLAN. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:315–317, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25737