bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spatiotemporal richness of hummingbird wing deformations
Authors: Skandalis Dimitri A. , Baliga Vikram B. , Goller Benjamin , Altshuler Douglas L. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Animals exhibit an abundant diversity of forms, and this diversity is even more evident when considering animals that can change shape on demand. The evolution of flexibility contributes to aspects of performance from propulsive efficiency to environmental navigation. It is, however, challenging to quantify and compare body parts that, by their nature, dynamically vary in shape over many time scales. Commonly, body configurations are tracked by labelled markers and quantified parametrically through conventional measures of size and shape (descriptor approach) or non-parametrically through data-driven analyses that broadly capture spatiotemporal deformation patterns (shape variable approach). We developed a weightless marker tracking technique and combined these analytic approaches to study wing morphological flexibility in hoverfeeding Anna's hummingbirds (Calypte anna). Four shape variables explained &gt;95% of typical stroke cycle wing shape variation and were broadly correlated with specific conventional descriptors such as wing twist and area. Moreover, shape variables decomposed wing deformations into pairs of in-plane and out-of-plane components at integer multiples of the stroke frequency. This property allowed us to identify spatiotemporal deformation profiles characteristic of hoverfeeding with experimentally imposed kinematic constraints, including through shape variables explaining &lt;10% of typical shape variation. Hoverfeeding in front of a visual barrier restricted stroke amplitude and elicited increased stroke frequencies together with in-plane and out-of-plane deformations throughout the stroke cycle. Lifting submaximal loads increased stroke amplitudes at similar stroke frequencies together with prominent in-plane deformations during the upstroke and pronation. Our study highlights how spatially and temporally distinct changes in wing shape can contribute to agile fluidic locomotion.
Association between Built Environment Policy and Good Health Status
Authors: Seo Bojung , Nan Hongmei , Monahan Patrick O. , Duszynski Thomas J. , Thompson Walter R. , Zollinger Terrell W. , Han Jiali 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
Access to a high-quality built environment may help improve resident health status. However, city-level evidence regarding the health benefits of community assets is lacking. Thus, we aimed to examine the association between environmental indicators of cities and health statuses of residents.

Methods
This panel study used the American Fitness Index® data reported annually between 2018 and 2022 for the 100 most populous US cities. The study outcome was self-reported good health status of residents, and exposures were environmental factors: parks per 10,000 residents, percentage of walking distance parks, Walk Score®, air quality index, Bike Score®, Complete Streets policy, park expenditure per resident, and physical education requirement. We applied crude and multivariable-adjusted linear mixed and general models in our analyses.

Results
Among the 100 largest US cities, 84 increased in percentage of good health status from 2018 to 2022, but the increase was at most 13.1%. Furthermore, the maximum percentage with good health status was only between 60% and 70% in most fit cities, and the gap in good health status between most and least fit cities was approximately 40%. Good health status of residents was significantly (in the positive direction) associated with walking distance parks, Walk Score®, Bike Score®, and Complete Streets policy. The baseline percentage for walking distance parks, Walk Score®, and Complete Streets policy were each significantly associated with higher percentages of good health status of residents over the follow-up period.

Conclusion
Our study shows room for improvement in environments in all cities. Findings furthermore suggest that environmental factors, such as availability of parks within walking distance, walkability, bikeability, and Complete Streets policy, have the potential to impact the general health status of residents of the largest US cities.
Association between US Residents’ Health Behavior and Good Health Status at the City Level
Authors: Seo Bojung , Nan Hongmei , Monahan Patrick O. , Duszynski Thomas J. , Thompson Walter R. , Zollinger Terrell W. , Han Jiali 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Poor health behaviors, such as physical inactivity, exacerbate the overall health status of residents. Evidence regarding the impact of personal health behaviors on health status at the city level is lacking. Thus, we aimed to examine the association between health behaviors and good health status of residents of large US cities.

Methods
Our panel study used 2018 to 2022 American Fitness Index® data measured annually for the 100 most populous US cities. The study outcome was good health status of city residents, and exposures were their health behaviors—exercising, meeting aerobic activity guidelines, meeting both aerobic and strength activity guidelines, bicycling or walking to work, using public transportation to work, consuming two or more fruits or three or more vegetables per day, sleeping 7+ h·d−1, and current smoking habits. We adopted crude and multivariable-adjusted linear mixed and general linear models for our analyses.

Results
Mean values of the majority of health behavior factors were under 50% between 2018 and 2022. Higher percentages of city residents exercising, meeting aerobic activity guidelines, meeting both aerobic and strength activity guidelines, bicycling/walking to work, and consuming three or more vegetables or two or more fruits per day and lower percentage of residents who currently smoke were associated with higher percentages of good health status. Baseline percentages meeting aerobic activity guidelines, meeting both aerobic and strength activity guidelines, using public transportation, consuming two or more fruits per day, and sleeping 7+ h·d−1 and lower percentage of residents who currently smoke were also significantly associated with change in percentage of residents with good health status over time.

Conclusion
Our study shows room for improvement in health behaviors in all cities. The findings of our study also suggest that all health behaviors measured were associated with the general health status of residents of the most populous US cities.
A Nonrandomized Pilot Implementation Trial of the CLASS PAL (Physically Active Learning) Project
Authors: Routen Ash C. , Cale Lorraine , Chalkley Anna E. , Clemes Stacy , Edwardson Charlotte L. , Glazebrook Cris , Harrington Deirdre M. , Khunti Kamlesh , Pearson Natalie , Salmon Jo , Sherar Lauren B. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To determine the a) implementation of CLASS PAL (Physically Active Learning), b) implementation process of CLASS PAL, and c) influence of the inner setting (i.e., school) and individuals (teachers and pupils) on the implementation of CLASS PAL.

Methods
CLASS PAL is a co-produced movement integration (MI) intervention that includes a professional development workshop for teachers and bespoke teaching resources. This study was a nonrandomized pragmatic pilot implementation trial using a mixed-methods design. Ten year-5 teachers and 232 pupils from seven state-funded UK primary schools participated. Data were collected over one academic year via mixed methods at multiple levels (school and individual) and timepoints. All qualitative data were analyzed using a priori thematic analyses, and quantitative data were summarized using descriptive statistics.

Results
Implementation: Teacher-reported MI activities were delivered on average 2 d·wk−1 (and once per day). The most frequently delivered activities were movement breaks (2.8 d·wk−1) and physically active routines (2.4 d·wk−1), with the majority lasting <5 min. One hundred percent of attendees rated both the professional development workshop and practical content of the workshop as “quite useful/very useful;” however, the resources on the website were only utilized by 30% of teachers. Implementation process: Teachers primarily amended personal resources, with only 5% of deliveries supported by resources from the CLASS PAL website/workshop. Inner setting/individuals: Teachers reported barriers including classroom misbehavior, curriculum pressures, and access to resources. Facilitators to MI included the intervention workshop and senior school leadership support.

Conclusion
Teachers receiving a low touch professional development and resource program reported regular implementation of MI. A key implementation strategy was teacher-level decisions. In relation to the influence of the inner setting/individuals, a range of factors which operated at pupil, school, and teacher levels were identified. Further work is required to understand how best to support MI implementation.
Pricing and Positioning of Horizontally Differentiated Products with Incomplete Demand Information
Authors: den Boer Arnoud V. , Chen Boxiao , Wang Yining 
Published: April 2024

How to Manage Horizontally Differentiated Products When Customer Preferences and Demand Distributions Are Unknown In the paper “Pricing and Positioning of Horizontally Differentiated Products with Incomplete Demand Information,” we consider the problem of determining the optimal prices and product configurations of horizontally differentiated products when customers purchase according to a locational choice model and where the problem parameters are initially unknown to the decision maker. We propose a data-driven algorithm that learns the optimal prices and product configurations from accumulating sales data, and we show that their regret—the expected cumulative loss caused by not using optimal decisions—after T time periods is [Formula: see text]. We accompany this result by proving an almost-matching lower bound of regret, implying that our algorithms are asymptotically near optimal. In an extension, we show how our algorithm can be adapted for the case of fixed locations.
DO ASSOMBROSO AO CARNAVALESCO: ANÁLISE DA PRESENÇA DO GROTESCO EM CORALINE (2003)
Authors: Guzella Benedito Isabele , Brito Luciana 
Published: April 2024

Resumo: No presente trabalho, busca-se analisar como o conceito estético “grotesco” se manifesta na obra de terror fantástico Coraline (2003), de Neil Gaiman. Para isso, será feita uma retomada da história do grotesco, a fim de compreender sua origem e complexidade, usando de teóricos como Wolfgang Kayser (1986) e Mikhail Bakhtin (1987), dois dos principais pesquisadores desse termo. Além disso, a discussão será estendida para ser possível entender as conexões do grotesco com a fantasia, suas configurações na literatura e sua influência no estado físico e mental dos personagens.
Defining wound bed conformability: a new testing methodology to assess the relative swelling rise of foam dressings
Authors: Brennan Mary R , Keast David H , Bain Kimberly , Bain Mark , Lorentsen Bo , Ayoub Nayla 
Published: April 2024

Objective: Using a dressing that expands and conforms to the wound bed upon exudate absorption is one of the best ways to promote wound healing. While many products claim wound bed conformability, no externally replicated or verified test methodology had been developed to quantify a wound dressing's ability to conform to the wound bed. The Relative Swelling Rise (RSR) test methodology was developed to measure the relative swelling rise of foam dressings upon fluid absorption, and offers a quantifiable and easily replicated method to measure wound bed conformability. Method: The RSR test method was developed, validated and reliability tested by Coloplast A/S, Denmark. External replication was provided by ALS Odense, Denmark (previously DB Lab). Circular fences provide a fixed diameter to apply and contain the fluid and prevent horizontal spreading in the test set-up. The swelling height is quantified relative to the fence's inner diameter, i.e., the ratio alpha (α), and allows evaluation of a material's ability to conform to the wound bed. Results: Biatain Silicone foam products (n=3, Coloplast A/S, Denmark) were tested, all afforded an average α-ratio from 0.30 to 0.60. The relative standard deviations were between 1–3%, demonstrating the strength of the test. Robustness of the methodology was demonstrated through the internal validation study, the reliability study, and both an internal and external replication study, as well as a systematic literature review and expert review of the construct, content, criterion and generalisability of the method. Conclusion: Having a validated, effective and easily replicable testing method to quantify wound bed conformability of foam dressings is an important step towards achieving better healing outcomes.
Treatment of hard-to-heal wounds in ischaemic lower extremities with a novel fish skin-derived matrix
Authors: Lee Yeon Ji , Han Hye Ju , Shim Hyung Sup 
Published: April 2024

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of treatment of hard-to-heal wounds of patients with ischaemia of the lower extremities, and compare an omega-3 wound matrix product (Kerecis, Iceland) with a standard dressing. Method: A single-centre, prospective, randomised, controlled clinical trial of patients with hard-to-heal wounds following three weeks of standard care was undertaken. The ischaemic condition of the wound was confirmed as a decreased transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) of <40mmHg. After randomising patients into either a case (omega-3 dressing) or a control group (standard dressing), the weekly decrease in wound area over 12 weeks and the number of patients that achieved complete wound closure were compared between the two groups. Patients with a TcPO2 of ≤32mmHg were taken for further analysis of their wound in a severe ischaemic context. Results: A total of 28 patients were assigned to the case group and 22 patients to the control group. Over the course of 12 weeks, the wound area decreased more rapidly in the case group than the control group. Complete wound healing occurred in 82% of patients in the case group and 45% in the control group. Even in patients with a severe ischaemic wound with a TcPO2 value of <32 mmHg, wound area decreased more rapidly in the case group than the control group. The proportions of re-epithelialised area in the case and control groups were 80.24% and 57.44%, respectively. Conclusion: Considering the more rapid decrease in wound area and complete healing ratio in the case group, application of a fish skin-derived matrix for treating lower-extremity hard-to-heal wounds, especially with impaired vascularity, would appear to be a good treatment option.
Key performance indicators to inform evaluation of wound care programmes for people with complex wounds: a protocol for systematic review
Authors: Ma Gar-Way , Williams Tanya , Botros Mariam , Costa Idevania G. 
Published: April 2024

Objective: The objective of the systematic review is to examine and summarise the available evidence in the literature of the use of key performance indicators (KPIs) to inform evaluation of wound care programmes and services for people with hard-to-heal (complex) wounds. The need for wound care is expected to grow with the continued ageing of the population and the resulting increased development of chronic conditions. This expected increase necessitates improvement of wound care programmes and services and their ability to deliver quality, evidence-based and cost-effective practice. The current literature lacks a systematic assessment of KPIs to inform evaluation of wound care services and programmes across various settings, and how the KPIs are used to improve the quality of wound care and achieve desired outcomes. This protocol sets out how the systemtic review will be undertaken. Method: Primary studies will be screened from databases such as MEDLINE, CINAHL and Scopus, with unpublished studies and grey literature retrieved from Google Scholar and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. The study titles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers, using Covidence systematic review software to ensure they meet the inclusion criteria, who will then proceed with data extraction of the full-text using the standardised data extraction instrument. The reference lists of all studies selected for critical appraisal will be screened for additional publications. The two independent reviewers will critically appraise all studies undergoing full-text data extraction using the appropriate checklist from JBI SUMARI. At all stages, differences between reviewers will be resolved through discussion, with adjudication by a third, independent reviewer. Results: Data points will be analysed with descriptive statistics and grouped, based on programme characteristics and publication status. Grey literature and peer-reviewed publications will form separate analyses. To answer review questions, the data will be summarised in a narrative format. A meta-analysis is not planned. At the time of writing, this protocol has been implemented up to the preliminary literature search. Conclusion: This review will address a current literature gap and systematically identify KPIs in wound care, allowing for programmes to evaluate their quality of care and improve their services in a methodical manner.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio associated with renal function in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Gao Jin-Li , Shen Jue , Yang Li-Ping , Liu Li , Zhao Kai , Pan Xiao-Rong , Li Lei , Xu Ji-Ji 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, an accurate and convenient marker for early detection and appropriate management of CKD in individuals with T2DM is limited. Recent studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and CKD. Nonetheless, the predictive value of NLR for renal damage in type 2 diabetic patients remains understudied.
AIM
To investigate the relationship between NLR and renal function in T2DM patients.
METHODS
This study included 1040 adults aged 65 or older with T2DM from Shanghai's Community Health Service Center. The total number of neutrophils and lymphocytes was detected, and NLR levels were calculated. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m². Participants were divided into four groups based on NLR levels. The clinical data and biochemical characteristics were compared among groups. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between NLR levels and CKD.
RESULTS
Significant differences were found in terms of sex, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among patients with T2DM in different NLR groups (P < 0.0007). T2DM patients in the highest NLR quartile had a higher prevalence of CKD (P for trend = 0.0011). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a high NLR was an independent risk factor for CKD in T2DM patients even after adjustment for important clinical and pathological parameters (P = 0.0001, odds ratio = 1.41, 95% confidence intervals: 1.18-1.68).
CONCLUSION
An elevated NLR in patients with T2DM is associated with higher prevalence of CKD, suggesting that it could be a marker for the detection and evaluation of diabetic kidney disease.
Non-improvement of atrophic gastritis in cases of gastric cancer after successful Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy
Authors: Suzuki Yuto , Katayama Yasumi , Fujimoto Yo , Kobori Ikuhiro , Tamano Masaya 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is closely related to the development of gastric cancer (GC). However, GC can develop even after H. pylori eradication. Therefore, it would be extremely useful if GC could be predicted after eradication. The Kyoto classification score for gastritis (GA) is closely related to cancer risk. However, how the score for GC changes after eradication before onset is not well understood.
AIM
To investigate the characteristics of the progression of Kyoto classification scores for GC after H. pylori eradication.
METHODS
Eradication of H. pylori was confirmed in all patients using either the urea breath test or the stool antigen test. The Kyoto classification score of GC patients was evaluated by endoscopy at the time of event onset and three years earlier. In addition, the modified atrophy score was evaluated and compared between the GC group and the control GA group.
RESULTS
In total, 30 cases of early GC and 30 cases of chronic GA were evaluated. The pathology of the cancer cases was differentiated adenocarcinoma, except for one case of undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. The total score of the Kyoto classification was significantly higher in the GC group both at the time of cancer onset and three years earlier (4.97 vs 3.73, P = 0.0034; 4.2 vs 3.1, P = 0.0035, respectively). The modified atrophy score was significantly higher in the GC group both at the time of cancer onset and three years earlier and was significantly improved only in the GA group (5.3 vs 5.3, P = 0.5; 3.73 vs 3.1, P = 0.0475, respectively).
CONCLUSION
The course of the modified atrophy score is useful for predicting the onset of GC after eradication. Patients with severe atrophy after H. pylori eradication require careful monitoring.
Lymphatic plastic bronchitis and primary chylothorax: A study based on computed tomography lymphangiography
Authors: Li Xing-Peng , Zhang Yan , Sun Xiao-Li , Hao Kun , Liu Meng-Ke , Hao Qi , Wang Ren-Gui 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
This study presents an evaluation of the computed tomography lymphangiography (CTL) features of lymphatic plastic bronchitis (PB) and primary chylothorax to improve the diagnostic accuracy for these two diseases.
AIM
To improve the diagnosis of lymphatic PB or primary chylothorax, a retrospective analysis of the clinical features and CTL characteristics of 71 patients diagnosed with lymphatic PB or primary chylothorax was performed.
METHODS
The clinical and CTL data of 71 patients (20 with lymphatic PB, 41 with primary chylothorax, and 10 with lymphatic PB with primary chylothorax) were collected retrospectively. CTL was performed in all patients. The clinical manifestations, CTL findings, and conventional chest CT findings of the three groups of patients were compared. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare the differences among the three groups. A difference was considered to be statistically significant when P < 0.05.
RESULTS
(1) The percentages of abnormal contrast medium deposits on CTL in the three groups were as follows: Thoracic duct outlet in 14 (70.0%), 33 (80.5%) and 8 (80.0%) patients; peritracheal region in 18 (90.0%), 15 (36.6%) and 8 (80.0%) patients; pleura in 6 (30.0%), 33 (80.5%) and 9 (90.0%) patients; pericardium in 6 (30.0%), 6 (14.6%) and 4 (40.0%) patients; and hilum in 16 (80.0%), 11 (26.8%) and 7 (70.0%) patients; and (2) the abnormalities on conventional chest CT in the three groups were as follows: Ground-glass opacity in 19 (95.0%), 18 (43.9%) and 8 (80.0%) patients; atelectasis in 4 (20.0%), 26 (63.4%) and 7 (70.0%) patients; interlobular septal thickening in 12 (60.0%), 11 (26.8%) and 3 (30.0%) patients; bronchovascular bundle thickening in 14 (70.0%), 6 (14.6%) and 4 (40.0%) patients; localized mediastinal changes in 14 (70.0%), 14 (34.1%), and 7 (70.0%) patients; diffuse mediastinal changes in 6 (30.0%), 5 (12.2%), and 3 (30.0%) patients; cystic lesions in the axilla in 2 (10.0%), 6 (14.6%), and 2 (20.0%) patients; and cystic lesions in the chest wall in 0 (0%), 2 (4.9%), and 2 (4.9%) patients.
CONCLUSION
CTL is well suited to clarify the characteristics of lymphatic PB and primary chylothorax. This method is an excellent tool for diagnosing these two diseases.