bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counting spanning subgraphs in dense hypergraphs
Authors: Montgomery Richard , Pavez-Signé Matías 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe give a simple method to estimate the number of distinct copies of some classes of spanning subgraphs in hypergraphs with a high minimum degree. In particular, for each
$k\geq 2$
and
$1\leq \ell \leq k-1$
, we show that every
$k$
-graph on
$n$
vertices with minimum codegree at least
\begin{equation*} \left \{\begin {array}{l@{\quad}l} \left (\dfrac {1}{2}+o(1)\right )n & \text { if }(k-\ell )\mid k,\\[5pt] \left (\dfrac {1}{\lceil \frac {k}{k-\ell }\rceil (k-\ell )}+o(1)\right )n & \text { if }(k-\ell )\nmid k, \end {array} \right . \end{equation*}
contains
$\exp\!(n\log n-\Theta (n))$
Hamilton
$\ell$
-cycles as long as
$(k-\ell )\mid n$
. When
$(k-\ell )\mid k$
, this gives a simple proof of a result of Glock, Gould, Joos, Kühn, and Osthus, while when
$(k-\ell )\nmid k$
, this gives a weaker count than that given by Ferber, Hardiman, and Mond, or when
$\ell \lt k/2$
, by Ferber, Krivelevich, and Sudakov, but one that holds for an asymptotically optimal minimum codegree bound.
Comparison of post-operative transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiogram findings following atrioventricular septal defect repair
Authors: Adamson Marissa E. , Bermudez Tori , Rosenblum Joshua M. , Wilson Hunter C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSuccess of atrioventricular septal defect repair is defined by post-operative atrioventricular valve function and presence of residual intracardiac shunting. We evaluated differences in interpretation of atrioventricular valve function and residual defects between transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography in a contemporary cohort of infants undergoing atrioventricular septal defect repair. Among 106 patients, we identified an increase in left and right atrioventricular valve regurgitation, right atrioventricular valve inflow gradient, and increased detection rate of residual intracardiac shunting on transthoracic compared to transesophageal echocardiograms, although residual shunts identified only on transthoracic echocardiogram were not haemodynamically significant. Findings may help inform expectation of post-operative transthoracic echocardiogram findings based on intraoperative assessment.
The ‘Mesopotamian trap’: from the ‘first’ international to dynamic multiplicity
Authors: Powel Brieg 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBuilding on studies of historical non-Westphalian world orders, this article challenges desires to identify a ‘first’ international. The question ‘when was the first international?’ is fundamental to defining disciplinary boundaries and the ontologies that shape them. Such quests are substantialist rather than relational, limiting our understanding of the relations and diversity of agents involved in world ordering. Existing approaches to the ‘first’ international are caught in a ‘Mesopotamian trap’: a combination of social evolution conceptual models grounded in colonial epistemologies, analytical presentism, and the surviving propaganda of ancient urban rulers. This article proposes ‘dynamic multiplicity’ as a new framework to account for the diversity, complexity, dynamism, and relationality of world orders in past and present. Dynamic multiplicity emphasizes: a quantitative and qualitative multiplicity of actors; never-ending and always unfolding relations; the instability and permeability of social actors; the diachronic nature of social action; hierarchical and heterarchical power relations; the multi-scalar spatiality of the social; and sustained and critical interdisciplinarity. It applies dynamic multiplicity to the case of Sumer and ancient West Asia, a so-called ‘first’ international, to reveal a diversity of durable relational actors and contradict assumptions that international relations necessarily lead to world orders of homogenous unit-types.
A broadband metasurface antenna with multimode resonance
Authors: Pang Hui , Zhao Jianping , Xu Juan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA multiresonance metasurface antenna is proposed which has wide bandwidth and low-profile. The characteristic mode theory is used to design antenna structure. Three ideal modes are obtained by adjusting the mode currents to optimize the radiation performance of the antenna. The characteristic mode analysis is used to model, analyze, and optimize the antenna, revealing the physical characteristics of the metasurface antenna. The slot is not only used as the feeding structure for exciting characteristic modes but also introduces a slot mode. Combining the slot mode with the metasurface modes, the bandwidth of the antenna is broadened. The antenna element has a relative bandwidth of 43.7%. To obtain higher gain, a 2 × 2 antenna array is proposed. The antenna array is simulated, fabricated, and measured. The results show that the relative bandwidth of the proposed metasurface antenna array is 31.6% with the gain of 12.3–15.8 dBi over the operating bandwidth.
On the Formation Mechanism of Martian Dayside Ionospheric Plasma Depletion Events
Authors: Basuvaraj Praveen , Němec František , Fowler C. M. , Regoli Leonardo H. , Němeček Zdeněk , Šafránková Jana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlasma Depletion Events (PDEs) are characterized by abrupt, localized reductions in ionospheric plasma density at least by an order of magnitude decrease. These events are observed over a limited range of altitudes, typically spanning a few tens of kilometers. We use Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft data to investigate the properties and possible formation mechanism of daytime PDEs, typically observed at altitudes above 250 km. We show, using two example events and statistical analysis, that the depletion events are associated with electrostatic fluctuations and increased electron temperatures. The events are further accompanied by enhanced fluxes of suprathermal electrons and light energetic ions. These are indicative of local plasma heating, possibly mediated by the electrostatic fluctuations. The heated plasma may eventually escape from the depletion region through the ambipolar diffusion.
Psychogenic Aging: A Novel Prospect to Integrate Psychobiological Hallmarks of Aging
Authors: Faria Manuel , Ganz Ariel , Galkin Fedor , Zhavoronkov Alex , Snyder Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPsychological factors are amongst the most robust predictors of healthspan and longevity, yet are rarely incorporated into scientific and medical frameworks of aging. The prospect of characterizing and integrating the psychological influences of aging is therefore an unmet step for the advancement of geroscience. Psychogenic Aging research is an emerging branch of biogerontology that aims to address this gap by investigating the impact of psychological factors on human longevity. It is an interdisciplinary field that integrates complex psychological, neurological, and molecular relationships that can be best understood with precision medicine methodologies. This perspective argues that psychogenic aging should be considered an integral component of the Hallmarks of Aging framework, opening the doors for future biopsychosocial integration in longevity research. By providing a unique perspective on frequently overlooked aspects of organismal aging, psychogenic aging offers new insights and targets for anti-aging therapeutics on individual and societal levels that can significantly benefit the scientific and medical communities.
Lumbar instability remodels cartilage endplate to induce intervertebral disc degeneration by recruiting osteoclasts via Hippo-CCL3 signaling
Authors: Li Hanwen , Tang Yingchuang , Liu Zixiang , Chen Kangwu , Zhang Kai , Hu Sihan , Pan Chun , Yang Huilin , Li Bin , Chen Hao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Degenerated endplate appears with cheese-like morphology and sensory innervation, contributing to low back pain and subsequently inducing intervertebral disc degeneration in the aged population.1 However, the origin and development mechanism of the cheese-like morphology remain unclear. Here in this study, we report lumbar instability induced cartilage endplate remodeling is responsible for this pathological change. Transcriptome sequencing of the endplate chondrocytes under abnormal stress revealed that the Hippo signaling was key for this process. Activation of Hippo signaling or knockout of the key gene Yap1 in the cartilage endplate severed the cheese-like morphological change and disc degeneration after lumbar spine instability (LSI) surgery, while blocking the Hippo signaling reversed this process. Meanwhile, transcriptome sequencing data also showed osteoclast differentiation related gene set expression was up regulated in the endplate chondrocytes under abnormal mechanical stress, which was activated after the Hippo signaling. Among the discovered osteoclast differentiation gene set, CCL3 was found to be largely released from the chondrocytes under abnormal stress, which functioned to recruit and promote osteoclasts formation for cartilage endplate remodeling. Over-expression of Yap1 inhibited CCL3 transcription by blocking its promoter, which then reversed the endplate from remodeling to the cheese-like morphology. Finally, LSI-induced cartilage endplate remodeling was successfully rescued by local injection of an AAV5 wrapped Yap1 over-expression plasmid at the site. These findings suggest that the Hippo signaling induced osteoclast gene set activation in the cartilage endplate is a potential new target for the management of instability induced low back pain and lumbar degeneration.
CBX4 plays a bidirectional role in transcriptional regulation and lung adenocarcinoma progression
Authors: Zhao Ran , Guo Yanxuan , Zhang Linlin , Huang Zhiyong , Li Xuanyuan , Lan Bei , Zhong Diansheng , Chen Hao , Xuan Chenghao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Understanding the dysregulated epigenetics governing LUAD progression is pivotal for identifying therapeutic targets. CBX4, a chromobox protein, is reported to be upregulated in LUAD. This study highlights the dual impact of CBX4 on LUAD proliferation and metastasis through a series of rigorous in vitro and in vivo experiments. Further investigation into the underlying mechanism through high-throughput ChIP-seq and RNA-seq reveals that CBX4 functions in promoting LUAD proliferation via upregulating PHGDH expression and subsequent serine biosynthesis, while concurrently suppressing LUAD metastasis by inhibiting ZEB2 transcription. CBX4 facilitates PHGDH transcription through the interaction with GCN5, inducing heightened histone acetylation on the PHGDH promoter. Simultaneously, the inhibition of ZEB2 transcription involves CBX4-mediated recruitment of canonical PRC1 (cPRC1), establishing H2K119ub on the ZEB2 promoter. These findings underscore CBX4’s pivotal role as a regulator of LUAD progression, emphasizing its diverse transcriptional regulatory functions contingent upon interactions with specific epigenetic partners. Understanding the nuanced interplay between CBX4 and epigenetic factors sheds light on potential therapeutic avenues in LUAD.
Biallelic variants in CSMD1 are implicated in a neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability and variable cortical malformations
Authors: Werren Elizabeth A. , Peirent Emily R. , Jantti Henna , Guxholli Alba , Srivastava Kinshuk Raj , Orenstein Naama , Narayanan Vinodh , Wiszniewski Wojciech , Dawidziuk Mateusz , Gawlinski Pawel , Umair Muhammad , Khan Amjad , Khan Shahid Niaz , Geneviève David , Lehalle Daphné , van Gassen K. L. I. , Giltay Jacques C. , Oegema Renske , van Jaarsveld Richard H. , Rafiullah Rafiullah , Rappold Gudrun A. , Rabin Rachel , Pappas John G. , Wheeler Marsha M. , Bamshad Michael J. , Tsan Yao-Chang , Johnson Matthew B. , Keegan Catherine E. , Srivastava Anshika , Bielas Stephanie L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCSMD1 (Cub and Sushi Multiple Domains 1) is a well-recognized regulator of the complement cascade, an important component of the innate immune response. CSMD1 is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) where emergent functions of the complement pathway modulate neural development and synaptic activity. While a genetic risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders, the role of CSMD1 in neurodevelopmental disorders is unclear. Through international variant sharing, we identified inherited biallelic CSMD1 variants in eight individuals from six families of diverse ancestry who present with global developmental delay, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and polymicrogyria. We modeled CSMD1 loss-of-function (LOF) pathogenesis in early-stage forebrain organoids differentiated from CSMD1 knockout human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We show that CSMD1 is necessary for neuroepithelial cytoarchitecture and synchronous differentiation. In summary, we identified a critical role for CSMD1 in brain development and biallelic CSMD1 variants as the molecular basis of a previously undefined neurodevelopmental disorder.
Biosynthesis of macrolactam antibiotics with β-amino acid polyketide starter units
Authors: Kudo Fumitaka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMacrolactam antibiotics incorporating β-amino acid polyketide starter units, isolated primarily from Actinomycetes species, show significant biological activities. This review provides a detailed analysis into the biosynthetic studies of vicenistatin, a macrolactam antibiotic with a 3-aminoisobutyrate starter unit, as well as biosynthetic research on related macrolactam compounds. Firstly, the elucidation of a common mechanism for the incorporation of β-amino acid starter units into the polyketide synthase (PKS) is described. Secondly, the unique biosynthetic mechanisms of the β-amino acids that are used to supply the main macrolactam biosynthetic pathways with starter units are discussed. Thirdly, some distinctive post-PKS modification mechanisms that complete macrolactam antibiotic biosynthesis are summarized. Finally, future directions for creating new macrolactam compounds through engineered biosynthesis pathways are described.
Inflammation causes insulin resistance in mice via interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-mediated reduction in FAHFA levels
Authors: Yan Shuai , Santoro Anna , Niphakis Micah J. , Pinto Antonio M. , Jacobs Christopher L. , Ahmad Rasheed , Suciu Radu M. , Fonslow Bryan R. , Herbst-Graham Rachel A. , Ngo Nhi , Henry Cassandra L. , Herbst Dylan M. , Saghatelian Alan , Kahn Barbara B. , Rosen Evan D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObesity-induced inflammation causes metabolic dysfunction, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show that the innate immune transcription factor interferon regulatory factor (IRF3) adversely affects glucose homeostasis through induction of the endogenous FAHFA hydrolase androgen induced gene 1 (AIG1) in adipocytes. Adipocyte-specific knockout of IRF3 protects male mice against high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, whereas overexpression of IRF3 or AIG1 in adipocytes promotes insulin resistance on a high-fat diet. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of AIG1 reversed obesity-induced insulin resistance and restored glucose homeostasis in the setting of adipocyte IRF3 overexpression. We, therefore, identify the adipocyte IRF3/AIG1 axis as a crucial link between obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance and suggest an approach for limiting the metabolic dysfunction accompanying obesity.
Statin prevents cancer development in chronic inflammation by blocking interleukin 33 expression
Authors: Park Jong Ho , Mortaja Mahsa , Son Heehwa G. , Zhao Xutu , Sloat Lauren M. , Azin Marjan , Wang Jun , Collier Michael R. , Tummala Krishna S. , Mandinova Anna , Bardeesy Nabeel , Semenov Yevgeniy R. , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Demehri Shadmehr 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChronic inflammation is a major cause of cancer worldwide. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a critical initiator of cancer-prone chronic inflammation; however, its induction mechanism by environmental causes of chronic inflammation is unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that Toll-like receptor (TLR)3/4-TBK1-IRF3 pathway activation links environmental insults to IL-33 induction in the skin and pancreas inflammation. An FDA-approved drug library screen identifies pitavastatin to effectively suppress IL-33 expression by blocking TBK1 membrane recruitment/activation through the mevalonate pathway inhibition. Accordingly, pitavastatin prevents chronic pancreatitis and its cancer sequela in an IL-33-dependent manner. The IRF3-IL-33 axis is highly active in chronic pancreatitis and its associated pancreatic cancer in humans. Interestingly, pitavastatin use correlates with a significantly reduced risk of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in patients. Our findings demonstrate that blocking the TBK1-IRF3-IL-33 signaling axis suppresses cancer-prone chronic inflammation. Statins present a safe and effective prophylactic strategy to prevent chronic inflammation and its cancer sequela.
X-ray radiation damage cycle of solvated inorganic ions
Authors: Bloß Dana , Trinter Florian , Unger Isaak , Zindel Christina , Honisch Carolin , Viehmann Johannes , Kiefer Nils , Marder Lutz , Küstner-Wetekam Catmarna , Heikura Emilia , Cederbaum Lorenz S. , Björneholm Olle , Hergenhahn Uwe , Ehresmann Arno , Hans Andreas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractX-ray-induced damage is one of the key topics in radiation chemistry. Substantial damage is attributed to low-energy electrons and radicals emerging from direct inner-shell photoionization or produced by subsequent processes. We apply multi-electron coincidence spectroscopy to X-ray-irradiated aqueous solutions of inorganic ions to investigate the production of low-energy electrons (LEEs) in a predicted cascade of intermolecular charge- and energy-transfer processes, namely electron-transfer-mediated decay (ETMD) and interatomic/intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD). An advanced coincidence technique allows us to identify several LEE-producing steps during the decay of 1s vacancies in solvated Mg2+ ions, which escaped observation in previous non-coincident experiments. We provide strong evidence for the predicted recovering of the ion’s initial state. In natural environments the recovering of the ion’s initial state is expected to cause inorganic ions to be radiation-damage hot spots, repeatedly producing destructive particles under continuous irradiation.
Chronic intracranial recordings in the globus pallidus reveal circadian rhythms in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Cagle Jackson N. , de Araujo Tiberio , Johnson Kara A. , Yu John , Fanty Lauren , Sarmento Filipe P. , Little Simon , Okun Michael S. , Wong Joshua K. , de Hemptinne Coralie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCircadian rhythms have been shown in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but only a few studies have focused on the globus pallidus internus (GPi). This retrospective study investigates GPi circadian rhythms in a large cohort of subjects with PD (130 recordings from 93 subjects) with GPi activity chronically recorded in their home environment. We found a significant change in GPi activity between daytime and nighttime in most subjects (82.4%), with a reduction in GPi activity at nighttime in 56.2% of recordings and an increase in activity in 26.2%. GPi activity in higher frequency bands ( > 20 Hz) was more likely to decrease at night and in patients taking extended-release levodopa medication. Our results suggest that circadian fluctuations in the GPi vary across individuals and that increased power at night might be due to the reemergence of pathological neural activity. These findings should be considered to ensure successful implementation of adaptive neurostimulation paradigms in the real-world.
Gene expression signatures in blood from a West African sepsis cohort define host response phenotypes
Authors: Chenoweth Josh G. , Colantuoni Carlo , Striegel Deborah A. , Genzor Pavol , Brandsma Joost , Blair Paul W. , Krishnan Subramaniam , Chiyka Elizabeth , Fazli Mehran , Mehta Rittal , Considine Michael , Cope Leslie , Knight Audrey C. , Elayadi Anissa , Fox Anne , Hertzano Ronna , Letizia Andrew G. , Owusu-Ofori Alex , Boakye Isaac , Aduboffour Albert A. , Ansong Daniel , Biney Eno , Oduro George , Schully Kevin L. , Clark Danielle V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOur limited understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms that operate during sepsis is an obstacle to rational treatment and clinical trial design. There is a critical lack of data from low- and middle-income countries where the sepsis burden is increased which inhibits generalized strategies for therapeutic intervention. Here we perform RNA sequencing of whole blood to investigate longitudinal host response to sepsis in a Ghanaian cohort. Data dimensional reduction reveals dynamic gene expression patterns that describe cell type-specific molecular phenotypes including a dysregulated myeloid compartment shared between sepsis and COVID-19. The gene expression signatures reported here define a landscape of host response to sepsis that supports interventions via targeting immunophenotypes to improve outcomes.
Photoinduced dynamics during electronic transfer from narrow to wide bandgap layers in one-dimensional heterostructured materials
Authors: Saida Yuri , Gauthier Thomas , Suzuki Hiroo , Ohmura Satoshi , Shikata Ryo , Iwasaki Yui , Noyama Godai , Kishibuchi Misaki , Tanaka Yuichiro , Yajima Wataru , Godin Nicolas , Privault Gaël , Tokunaga Tomoharu , Ono Shota , Koshihara Shin-ya , Tsuruta Kenji , Hayashi Yasuhiko , Bertoni Roman , Hada Masaki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectron transfer is a fundamental energy conversion process widely present in synthetic, industrial, and natural systems. Understanding the electron transfer process is important to exploit the uniqueness of the low-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures because interlayer electron transfer produces the function of this class of material. Here, we show the occurrence of an electron transfer process in one-dimensional layer-stacking of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). This observation makes use of femtosecond broadband optical spectroscopy, ultrafast time-resolved electron diffraction, and first-principles theoretical calculations. These results reveal that near-ultraviolet photoexcitation induces an electron transfer from the conduction bands of CNT to BNNT layers via electronic decay channels. This physical process subsequently generates radial phonons in the one-dimensional vdW heterostructure material. The gathered insights unveil the fundamentals physics of interfacial interactions in low dimensional vdW heterostructures and their photoinduced dynamics, pushing their limits for photoactive multifunctional applications.
Structural basis of substrate recognition and allosteric activation of the proapoptotic mitochondrial HtrA2 protease
Authors: Aspholm Emelie E. , Lidman Jens , Burmann Björn M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe mitochondrial serine protease HtrA2 is a human homolog of the Escherichia coli Deg-proteins exhibiting chaperone and proteolytic roles. HtrA2 is involved in both apoptotic regulation via its ability to degrade inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins (IAPs), as well as in cellular maintenance as part of the cellular protein quality control machinery, by preventing the possible toxic accumulation of aggregated proteins. In this study, we use advanced solution NMR spectroscopy methods combined with biophysical characterization and biochemical assays to elucidate the crucial role of the substrate recognizing PDZ domain. This domain regulates the protease activity of HtrA2 by triggering an intricate allosteric network involving the regulatory loops of the protease domain. We further show that divalent metal ions can both positively and negatively modulate the activity of HtrA2, leading to a refined model of HtrA2 regulation within the apoptotic pathway.