bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of Chimerism Permits Low-Dose Islet Grafts in the Liver or Pancreas to Reverse Refractory Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Zhang Chunyan , Wang Miao , Racine Jeremy J. , Liu Hongjun , Lin Chia-Lei , Nair Indu , Lau Joyce , Cao Yu-An , Todorov Ivan , Atkinson Mark , Zeng Defu 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVETo test whether induction of chimerism lowers the amount of donor islets required for reversal of diabetes and renders the pancreas a suitable site for islet grafts in autoimmune diabetic mice.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe required donor islet dose for reversal of diabetes in late-stage diabetic NOD mice after transplantation into the liver or pancreas was compared under immunosuppression or after induction of chimerism. Recipient mice were monitored for blood glucose levels and measured for insulin-secretion capacity. Islet grafts were evaluated for β-cell proliferation, β-cell functional gene expression, and revascularization.RESULTSWith immunosuppression, transplantation of 1,000, but not 600, donor islets was able to reverse diabetes when transplanted into the liver, but transplantation of 1,000 islets was not able to reverse diabetes when transplanted into the pancreas. In contrast, after induction of chimerism, transplantation of as few as 100 donor islets was able to reverse diabetes when transplanted into either the liver or pancreas. Interestingly, when lower doses (50 or 25) of islets were transplanted, donor islets in the pancreas were much more effective in reversal of diabetes than in the liver, which was associated with higher β-cell replication rate, better β-cell functional gene expression, and higher vascular density of graft islets in the pancreas.CONCLUSIONSInduction of chimerism not only provides immune tolerance to donor islets, but also markedly reduces the required amount of donor islets for reversal of diabetes. In addition, this process renders the pancreas a more superior site than the liver for donor islets in autoimmune mice.
Early Signs of Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Children on Intensive Insulin Treatment
Authors: Margeirsdottir Hanna Dis , Stensaeth Knut Haakon , Larsen Jakob Roald , Brunborg Cathrine , Dahl-Jørgensen Knut 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate early stages of atherosclerosis and predisposing factors in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents compared with age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
All children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, aged 8–18 years in Health Region South-East in Norway were invited to participate in the study (n = 800). A total of 40% (n = 314) agreed to participate and were compared with 118 age-matched healthy control subjects. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and elasticity were measured using standardized methods.

RESULTS
Mean age of the diabetic patients was 13.7 years, mean diabetes duration was 5.5 years, and mean A1C was 8.4%; 97% were using intensive insulin treatment, and 60% were using insulin pumps. Diabetic patients had more frequently elevated cIMT than healthy control subjects: 19.5% were above the 90th centile of healthy control subjects, and 13.1% were above the 95th centile (P &lt; 0.001). Mean cIMT was higher in diabetic boys than in healthy control subjects (0.46 ± 0.06 vs. 0.44 ± 0.05 mm, P = 0.04) but not significantly so in girls. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding carotid distensibility, compliance, or wall stress. None of the subjects had atherosclerotic plaque formation. Although within the normal range, the mean values of systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B were significantly higher in the diabetic patients than in the healthy control subjects.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite short disease duration, intensive insulin treatment, fair glycemic control, and no signs of microvascular complications, children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes had slightly increased cIMT compared with healthy control subjects, and the differences were more prominent in boys.
Reversible Loss of Neuronal Marker Protein Expression in a Transgenic Mouse Model for Sinusitis-Associated Olfactory Dysfunction
Authors: Turner Justin H. , May Lindsey , Reed Randall R. , Lane Andrew P. 
Published: June 2010

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is among the most common causes of olfactory loss. The loss of the sense of smell is thought to result from structural and functional changes occurring in the olfactory epithelium caused by inflammation. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying CRS-associated olfactory loss remain incompletely understood. Methods Transgenic mice expressing TNF-alpha specifically within the olfactory epithelium were used as a model for CRS-associated olfactory loss. TNF-alpha expression was induced over different time intervals, and olfactory epithelial tissue was assessed for the expression of neuronal markers by laser scanning confocal microscopy and Western blot. Results TNF-alpha expression results in an inflammatory infiltrate in the olfactory epithelium, thinning of the olfactory neuron layer, and a progressive loss of olfactory function. Reduced expression of markers for neurons and mature olfactory neurons (neural cell adhesion molecule [NCAM] and olfactory marker protein [OMP], respectively) was observed in the neuroepithelium and in the subepithelial axon bundles. Expression of growth-associated protein (GAP) 43, a marker for immature neurons, was also reduced. These alterations were reversed when TNF-alpha expression was discontinued. Conclusion TNF-alpha expression in a transgenic model of CRS-associated olfactory loss results in progressive loss of olfactory neurons. Decreased GAP-43 expression suggests that TNF-alpha–associated inflammation inhibits differentiation of progenitor cells into immature olfactory neurons. Therefore, reduced regeneration of olfactory neurons may be an important mechanism underlying olfactory loss in CRS, in addition to neuronal loss or apoptosis. This mouse model represents a potential tool in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention of olfactory neuron loss in CRS.
Endonasal Laser Tissue Welding: First Human Experience
Authors: Bleier Benjamin S. , Cohen Noam A. , Chiu Alexander G. , O'Malley Bert W. , Doghramji Laurel , Palmer James N. 
Published: June 2010

Background Adequate repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak remains a significant challenge in endoscopic skull base surgery. Laser tissue welding (LTW) is a method of creating an instant watertight wound closure using a chromophore doped biological solder, which may be used for cranial base reconstruction. The objective of this study is to assess the safety and technical feasibility of endoscopic LTW in human sinonasal mucosa. Methods A prospective, Institutional Review Board–approved study was performed of 10 patients undergoing endoscopic LTW using an albumin and hyaluronic acid-based solder for repair of mucosal injuries. Data were collected on patient demographics, total lasing time, and volume of solder used. Wounds were prospectively followed by endoscopic exam and scored on a scale of zero to two by three blinded observers (B.S.B., J.N.P., and A.G.C.) for inflammation, thermal injury, and edema. Results were compared with control wounds using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results Ten patients (seven men and three women; average age 50 years; range, 33–71 years) underwent endoscopic LTW. Total lasing time was 11 ± 11 minutes requiring 0.96 ± 0.83 mL of solder per patient. Patients were followed for an average of 72 days (range, 12–138 days) and no complications were noted. Solder persisted for up to 26 days and there was no significant difference between the lased and control wounds with regard to inflammation (0.87 ± 0.72 versus 1.31 ± 0.87), thermal injury (0.06 ± 0.25 versus 0.12 ± 0.34), or edema scores (1.13 ± 0.81 versus 1.44 ± 0.73). Conclusion Endoscopic LTW is a technically feasible and rapid method of wound closure in sinonasal mucosa that does not result in any significant thermal or inflammatory sequelae.
Identification of Suitable Internal Control Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Expression Analyses in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Brand Yael , Hovav Ran 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Real-time qPCR is currently the most sensitive technique available for the detection of low-level mRNA expression. For more reliable and precise gene expression analyses, real-time PCR data for a sequence of interest must be normalized against that of a control gene, which is uniformly expressed in various tissues and during different phases of development. So far, suitable internal controls for gene expression studies in peanut have not been identified. We assessed the expression of 10 frequently used housekeeping genes, specifically ubq10, gapdh, hel1, yls8, 14-3-3, 60s, ubc, ef-1α, act7, and adh3. Using the algorithms available through the GeNorm and NormFinder programs, the stability of their expression was estimated in a set of five diverse peanut tissue samples derived from a Virginia-type peanut cultivar (Shulamit). Collectively, the gene with the most stable expression across all of the examined tissues and both programs was adh3, followed by 60s and yls8, which had minimal estimated intra- and inter-tissue variation. The stability of two stable reference genes (adh3 and yls8) compared with two less stable (14-3-3 and ubq10) reference genes was validated in unpooled tissue samples from five peanut kernel developmental stages. Finally, the effect of the use of one or more reference genes on the observed relative expression levels of an important seed oil metabolism gene, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (Dgat1), during kernel development was demonstrated. Based on findings, the suggestion is that adh3, or a combination of this gene with 60s and yls8 should be considered for use in quantitative mRNA expression analyses in Arachis, particularly in studies involving seed development; whereas ubq10 and gapdh should be avoided.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomerization of Allyl Ethers of Diols and Triols Catalyzed by Ruthenium Complexes.
Authors: Krompiec S. , Antoszczyszyn M. , Urbala M. , Bieg T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Corporate environmentalism in a small emerging economy: stakeholder perceptions and the influence of firm characteristics
Authors: Shah Kalim U. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study presents a neo‐institutional perspective of the perceptions of corporate environmentalism held by stakeholder groups relative to each other and the influence that specific firm‐level characteristics, such as size, ownership, compliance record, and location, have on these perceptions. Empirical evidence is gathered from the emerging economy context of Trinidad and Tobago and its pollution‐intensive oil, gas, and petrochemical sectors. Results indicate that non‐governmental and community‐based organizations (NGOs/CBOs) are most critical and business chains least critical of corporate environmentalism. All stakeholders perceive larger firms and those with strong compliance records as having stronger corporate environmentalism, while government stakeholders perceive foreign‐owned firms, business chain perceives urban‐based firms, and NGOs/CBOs perceive state‐owned firms as having stronger corporate environmentalism. These preliminary findings can guide corporate managers in handling stakeholder relations and can guide policy‐makers seeking to circumvent industry‐stakeholder friction in emerging economies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
MOCVD and Physicochemical Characterization of (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1‐xThin Films
Authors: Smirnova Tamara P. , Lebedev Mikhail S. , Morozova Natalia B. , Semyannikov Peter P. , Zherikova Ksenia V. , Kaichev Vasily V. , Dubinin Yurii V. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractInvestigation of the thermal behavior of Hf(dpm)4vapor in vacuum is carried out. An approach for obtaining films of (HfO)x(Al2O3)1‐xalloys is developed. The use of a source containing a mixture of two precursors differing from each other in volatility, notably Hf(dpm)4(dpm = dipivaloylmethanate, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptane‐3,5‐dionate) and Al(acac)3(acac = pentane‐2,4‐dionate), allows us to employ the possibilities of combinatorial chemistry, and to obtain and analyze a number of different compositions of alloys. Film characterization is performed using a set of analytical methods. The character of Al and Hf distributions across the film thickness, depending on their content in the source, is investigated. The use of laser null ellipsometry allows us to determine the distribution of the refractive index across the thickness of the (HfO)x(Al2O3)1‐xfilm. A comparison of the ellipsometric data with the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data shows that the character of the refractive index variation reproduces the variation of the chemical composition across the film thickness. A uniform distribution of the elements across the film thickness is observed in the cases when separated sources are used. The structure of the film depends on the molar fraction of Al2O3in alloys. For Al ≥ 30 at.‐% amorphization of the structure occurs.
Synthesis of a C3‐Symmetric Furyl‐Cyclopeptide Platform with Anion Recognition Properties
Authors: Molina Lidia , Moreno‐Clavijo Elena , Moreno‐Vargas Antonio J. , Carmona Ana T. , Robina Inmaculada 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA new furyl amino acid derivative was trimerized to give a linear peptide and finally was cyclized. The newly generated cyclopeptide was subjected to a conformational study in order to be considered as a C3‐symmetric platform for the rational design of complex receptors. Moreover, the recognition properties towards cyanide, acetate and chloride anions were studied.
Heteroditopic Chiral Uranyl–Salen Receptor for Molecular Recognition of Amino Acid Ammonium Salts
Authors: Ballistreri Francesco P. , Pappalardo Andrea , Tomaselli Gaetano A. , Toscano Rosa M. , Sfrazzetto Giuseppe Trusso 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA new heteroditopic chiral uranyl–salen complex incorporating two pyrenyl groups was designed and synthesized for the recognition of ammonium salts, tetrabutylammonium (TBA) and tetramethylammonium (TMA) amino acids. UV/Vis measurements indicate the formation of 1:1 host–guest complexes with high association constants and an excellent enantiomeric discrimination between the two enantiomers of phenylalanine–TMA. T‐ROESY NMR experiments confirm cation–π and CH–π interactions between the TBA and TMA cations and the two pyrenyl arms, leading to the strong stability of the complexes. This is the first report of a uranyl receptor able to recognize chiral carboxylate guests.
Concise Total Synthesis of (±)‐Lycodine
Authors: Tsukano Chihiro , Zhao Le , Takemoto Yoshiji , Hirama Masahiro 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLycodine is a representative Lycopodium alkaloid, which features a bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core and pyridine and piperidine rings. Stereoselective total synthesis of lycodine was achieved using Diels–Alder and intramolecular Mizoroki–Heck reactions.
Neuroarchitecture of verbal and tonal working memory in nonmusicians and musicians
Authors: Schulze Katrin , Zysset Stefan , Mueller Karsten , Friederici Angela D. , Koelsch Stefan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWorking memory (WM) for auditory information has been thought of as a unitary system, but whether WM for verbal and tonal information relies on the same or different functional neuroarchitectures has remained unknown. This fMRI study examines verbal and tonal WM in both nonmusicians (who are trained in speech, but not in music) and highly trained musicians (who are trained in both domains). The data show that core structures of WM are involved in both tonal and verbal WM (Broca's area, premotor cortex, pre‐SMA/SMA, left insular cortex, inferior parietal lobe), although with significantly different structural weightings, in both nonmusicians and musicians. Additionally, musicians activated specific subcomponents only during verbal (right insular cortex) or only during tonal WM (right globus pallidus, right caudate nucleus, and left cerebellum). These results reveal the existence of two WM systems in musicians: A phonological loop supporting rehearsal of phonological information, and a tonal loop supporting rehearsal of tonal information. Differences between groups for tonal WM, and between verbal and tonal WM within musicians, were mainly related to structures involved in controlling, programming and planning of actions, thus presumably reflecting differences in action‐related sensorimotor coding of verbal and tonal information. Hum Brain Mapp 32:771–783, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereoselective synthesis of pyrano[3,2‐c]‐ and furano[3,2‐c]quinolines: Gadolinium chloride catalyzed one‐pot aza–Diels–Alder reactions
Authors: Yu Yong , Zhou Jun , Yao Zhigang , Xu Fan , Shen Qi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA simple and efficient method for the cis‐selective synthesis of pyrano‐ and furano[3,2‐c]quinolines via gadolinium chloride catalyzed one‐pot aza–Diels–Alder reaction is described. Solvent conditions played a major role in affecting the diastereoselectivity of the products. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:351–354, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20612
Plasma levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma: a preliminary study
Authors: Gallagher Richard P. , MacArthur Amy C. , Lee Tim K. , Weber Jean‐Philippe , Leblanc Alain , Mark Elwood J. , Borugian Marilyn , Abanto Zenaida , Spinelli John J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA number of epidemiologic studies have suggested that exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and other organochlorine compounds (OCC) increase risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). However, these studies have generally had no biologic measure of OCC exposure, and have been unable to control for sun exposure, the major known environmental risk factor for this disease. This preliminary study examined the relationship between OCC residues in plasma and risk of CMM adjusting for sun sensitivity and sun exposure. A case–control study of 80 CMM patients and 310 control subjects was conducted. Lifetime sun exposure information, along with data on pigmentation variables and sun sensitivity data was collected, along with a blood sample. Cases and controls were assayed for plasma levels of 14 PCB congeners and 11 organochlorine pesticide residues using gas chromatography. Strong associations were seen between risk of CMM and plasma levels of non‐dioxin‐like PCBs (Adjusted OR = 7.02; 95% CI: 2.30–21.43 for highest quartile) and several PCB congeners, organochlorine pesticides or metabolites. These associations persisted after control for sun sensitivity and sun exposure. Results from this investigation require independent confirmation in larger studies. However, they suggest that environmental factors other than UV radiation may play a role in genesis of CMM, and indicate that it may be productive to search for further agents which might increase risk.
Micro‐RNA‐21 regulates TGF‐β‐induced myofibroblast differentiation by targeting PDCD4 in tumor‐stroma interaction
Authors: Yao Qin , Cao Siyu , Li Chun , Mengesha Asferd , Kong Beihua , Wei Mingqian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) induces stromal fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast transdifferentiation in the tumor‐stroma interactive microenvironment via modulation of multiple phenotypic and functional genes, which plays a critical role in tumor progression. Up to now, the involvement of micro‐RNAs (miRNAs) and their roles in TGF‐β1‐induced myofibroblast differentiation in tumor‐stroma interaction are unclear. Using quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR, we demonstrated that the expression of micro‐RNA‐21 (miR‐21) was upregulated in activated fibroblasts after treatment with TGF‐β1 or conditioned medium from cancer cells. To determine the potential roles of miR‐21 in TGF‐β1‐mediated gene regulation during myofibroblast conversion, we showed that miR‐21 expression was downregulated by miR‐21 inhibitor and upregulated by miR‐21 mimic. Interestingly, downregulation of miR‐21 with the inhibitor effectively inhibited TGF‐β1‐induced myofibroblast differentiation while upregulation of miR‐21 with a mimic significantly promoted myofibroblast differentiation. We further demonstrated that MiR‐21 directly targeted and downregulated programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) gene, which in turn acted as a negative regulator of several phenotypic and functional genes of myofibroblasts. Taken together, these results suggested that miR‐21 participated in TGF‐β1‐induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation in cancer stroma by targeting PDCD4.
Chemistry and heterocyclization of carbohydrazides
Authors: Hassan Alaa A. , Shawky Ahmed M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
magnified image The review summarizes recent literatures dealing with the synthesis of carbohydrazide derivatives, chemical reactions and their applications in the synthesis of important heterocyclic as well as fused heterocyclic compounds. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Bleeding talent: A lesson from industry on embracing physician workforce challenges
Authors: Kneeland Patrick P. , Kneeland Christine , Wachter Robert M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractShortages of both generalist and specialist physicians are intensifying as the US healthcare system confronts an unprecedented confluence of demographic pressures, including an aging population, the retirement of thousands of baby‐boomer physicians, the growth of nonpractice opportunities for MDs, and physician demands for greater work–life balance. This work posits that the medical profession might benefit from recognizing how progressive nonmedical companies systematically approach similar “talent shortages” through a recruiting and retention strategy called “talent facilitation.” It highlights the 4 actions of talent facilitation (attract, engage, develop, and retain) and provides examples of how each action might be utilized to address medicine's recruitment and retention challenges. Although other policy maneuvers are needed to address overall physician workforce shortages (such as the planned opening of more medical schools and changes in the payment system to promote primary care), the talent facilitation approach can help individual organizations meet their needs and those of their patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:306–310. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.