bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstetric Epidural Service in Hong Kong–Analysis of Progress in the First Six Months
Authors: So Arthur P.C. , Lao Terence T.H. , Chang Allan M.Z. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe experience of epidural analgesia in a new teaching hospital is reviewed. The procedure was found to be an effective means of pain relief, and facilitated instrumental delivery in high risk cases. Both the medical and nursing staff found it acceptable and did not increase the workload, while the labour process was easier to manage. Majority of the mothers were satisfied with the procedure and with adequate preparation and precautions, there were no serious complication. The authors would recommend this procedure to obstetricians working in the Far East.
Comparison of the Use of the Silastic Obstetric Vacuum Extractor to Kielland's Forceps
Authors: Hastie Stewart J. , MacLean Allan B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo evaluate the silastic cupped obstetric vacuum extractor, a retrospective study was made of 100 women in whom vacuum extraction was attempted, comparing them to 50 women in whom rotational forceps delivery was attempted. The vacuum extractor far more frequently failed to achieve delivery alone compared to the forceps (54% cf 4% respectively). However, in most failure cases (94%) descent and/or rotation of the fetal head occurred allowing a liftout forceps delivery. Apart from episiotomy, maternal trauma was not a problem with vacuum extraction. There were two neonatal deaths in the study groups, one following delivery by caesarean section for failed vacuum extraction and failed forceps and one following vacuum extraction of a markedly pre‐term infant. Neonatal morbidity was otherwise minor but was more common in the vacuum extraction group, consisting mainly of ex‐tracranial haematomata and jaundice.
The Estimation of Fetal Weight Using an Ultrasonic Parallel Planimetric Area Method
Authors: Iijima Satoru , Kubo Takeshi , Iwasaki Hirokazu , Akatsuka Takao 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe accuracy of measurement of fetal weight using an ultrasonic parallel planimetric area (UPPA) method was assessed in 55 cases by comparing it with two other methods also used in the same cases. The contributory ratio (= r2) between actual birth weight and the estimated fetal weight was 0.91, a better result than the values of 0.89 and 0.81 for the other methods.Although this method is time‐consuming, it proved superior to the others, especially in estimation of low weight fetuses, for which the contributory ratio was 0.95.
The Role of Prolactin in Lactating Rats by Passive Immunization
Authors: Nagai Takashi , Makino Tsunehisa , Uchida Nobuhiro , Tanimoto Satoshi , Iizuka Rihachi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSome of the physiological roles of prolactin (PRL) in lactating rats were studied by passive immunization. Antibody to rat PRL (A/S PRL) was produced in rabbits immunized with rat PRL. Then the sera of the rabbits were tested for the potency and specificity of antibody to PRL by double antibody radio‐immunoassay technique. One ml of antiserum was inferred to be capable of sufficiently neutralizing endogenous PRL in lactating rats.From the 5th day of postpartum, 11 rats were daily injected intraperitoneally with 1 ml of A/S PRL. In the control group, each of 7 rats was daily injected with 1 ml of normal rabbit serum (NRS). Most pups in the treated group died between the 16th and 20th postpartum days, but all pups in the control group grew normally. Serum oxytocin (OT) levels in the treated group were significantly increased, suggesting that mechanical stimulation of the nipples by pups might increase OT levels, presumably because a lack of PRL decreased milk production. Serum growth hormone (GH) levels in both groups were virtually identical, suggesting that GH could not compensate PRL during the period of passive immunization.
Development of Mechanisms Regulating Heart Rates in Human Fetuses Analyzed by Factor Analysis
Authors: Koyanagi Takashi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe histograms of fetal heart rates (FHR) in 57 fetuses between 19 and 42 weeks of gestation obtained for 3‐hour periods were investigated, using factor analysis. I found at least 5 different and independent basal heart rates in these fetuses and the rates correlated well with the gestational age. Several isolated and underlying mechanisms regulating basal heart rates differentiate at definite periods during gestation and develop functionally with advancing fetal age. These findings are absent in anencephalic fetuses, yet fetuses with encephalocele show FHR changes similar to those seen in normal fetuses. The regulatory mechanisms of these five different basal heart rates are attributed to functions located at the level of the medulla or higher, in the near‐term human fetus.
Septic Induced Abortion at Ilorin, Nigeria: An Increasing Gynaecological Problem in the Developing Countries
Authors: Adetoro Olalekan O. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn analysis of 102 cases of septic induced abortion seen at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (U.I.T.H.) over an 18 months period (Feb., 1983 ‐ July, 1984) was performed. A total of 852 cases of abortion were admitted during the period of study, with an induced abortion rate of 12%. The majority of the patients were unmarried teenagers and 87 out of the one hundred and two patients were students. All the patients had pelvic peritonitis. 9 of them were further complicated by septic shock and of these, 5 died. 1 other patient had severe tetanus and died of respiratory arrest. The over all maternal mortality rate for septic induced abortion was 5.9%, significantly higher than in previous reports.Easy access to contraceptive services, routine sex education, and a liberal abortion law would greatly contribute to reducing septic induced abortion to the bearest minimum in the developing countries.
A Review of 58 Rh‐Isoimmunised Cases
Authors: Rao Reshma R. , Gupte Snehlata C. , Dastur Nayna A. , Walvekar Vandana R. , Pandit Ramesh D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRh‐isoimmunised patients over a period of four years are analysed. The incidence of iso‐immunisation is 3.3%. 5.7% cases were immunized inspite of receiving post‐partum Anti‐D immunoglobulin, and 2.8% cases were immunised in their first pregnancy. Spectrophotometry is invaluable, while antibody titres predict perinatal outcome reliably in the first affected pregnancy. The perinatal mortality of the registered cases is 15.5%. 46.1% of the total perinatal deaths were due to premature still births which can be prevented only by mastering the technique of intrauterine transfusion.
Delivery of a Small Date Infant Following Bilateral Ligation of the Internal Iliac Arteries
Authors: Morikawa Shinichi , Takamizawa Hiroyoshi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe delivery of a small for date infant after bilateral ligation of the maternal internal iliac arteries because of a large vaginal hematoma is reported. This operative procedure employed to control obstetric and gynecologic hemorrhage, which is intractable by the vaginal approach, is a life‐ and uterus‐saving measure.
Determinants of Risk for Developing Invasive Mole and Choriocarcinoma Following Hydatidiform Mole
Authors: Hara Takako , Kaseki Shigeaki , Tomoda Yutaka , Nishikawa Yoshiki , Ishizuka Takao , Ishizuka Naotaka 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn Aichi prefecture, Japan, 4, 547 hydatidiform moles were registered from 1962 to 1977. Among these hydatidiform moles, 94 choriocarcinomas, 377 invasive moles and 4 undetermined cases occurred until April 1985. In this paper, the high risk factors for post‐molar trophoblastic disease were studied.The results were:

The frequency of mole was one per 349.7 deliveries in Aichi, Japan.
89.8% of invasive moles were diagnosed by the end of the third month after molar evacuation, whereas 42% of choriocarcinomas were found by the end of the 1st year. The necessity of at least 4 years of supervision and follow up was emphasized.
Increased age (>40), the patient's blood type (AB) and the husband's blood type (B) were high risk factors for post‐molar trophoblastic disease, whereas multi‐parity and Rh‐d factor were suggested to lower the risk.
Seminal Plasma Levels of Luteinizing Hormone, Prolactin and Testosterone in the Evaluation of Male Infertility
Authors: Tang Lawrence C.H. , Chan Steven Y.W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLuteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T) concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassays in the seminal plasma of 63 normospermic, 45 oligospermic and 28 azoospermic men. Seminal plasma LH concentrations and total content per ejaculate were significantly higher in normospermic than oligospermic or azoospermic men. Seminal PRL concentrations were significantly lower in azoospermic men and low‐motility group. Seminal testosterone concentrations and total content per ejaculate were significantly higher in oligospermic than normospermic or azoospermic men and in low‐motility than high‐motility groups. A positive correlation was observed between PRL concentration and % motility; whereas a negative correlation was observed between T concentration and % motility. The implications of our findings were discussed and their possible clinical applications in the study of male infertility were evaluated.
Sperm Antibody Testing in Subfertile Chinese Men
Authors: Chan Steven Y. W. , Yeung Kwok‐keung , Wang Christina , Tang Lawrence C. H. , Tang Grace W. K. , Ho Pak‐Chung , Tsoi Wai‐loong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSeven hundred and twenty‐five male Hong Kong Chinese patients were examined during the period of 1980–1984 for the presence of circulating sperm antibodies by the Kibrick sperm macroagglutination test and the Isojima sperm immobilization test as part of the couple's infertility investigation. The overall incidences for the sperm agglutinating and the sperm immobilizing antibodies were 7.6% and 2.3%, respectively. The incidence for the sperm agglutinating antibodies was significantly higher than that (p<0.05) for the sperm immobilizing antibodies. The results indicate that a minority of the male infertility cases as seen in the infertility clinic could have an immunological basis.
Hyaline‐Vascular Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia Obstructing Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Goh Tai H. , Wong Twee J. , Alhady Fareeda , Singh Amrik D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGiant lymph node hyperplasia is a benign condition and lesions have largely occurred in the thorax; it has rarely occurred in the pelvis. The case reported here appears to be the first in which this lesion occurring in the pelvis has obstructed vaginal delivery and required elective Cesarean section at term. The further management and a brief review of the literature are presented.
Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality in the Philippines
Authors: Baja‐Panlilio Herminia , Cabigas‐Resurreccion Josefina , Matanguihan Adelia T. , Cadorna Josefina B. , Sarmiento Blesilda , Villamoran‐Baviera Evangeline 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study aims to identify the causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality at the University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, and analyze the factors that lead to such results with the aim of improving them. Comparison is made with National Statistics and those of other countries. There were 4219 deliveries of 28 weeks and later or 1,000 grams and more during 1980–1982. Only 4057 were available for study. Results showed a neonatal death rate of 39/4015 (early neonatal death rate) or 9.7/1000 live births and a late fetal death rate of 42/4057 or 10.3/1000 total births with a perinatal mortality rate of 81/4057 or 19.99/1000 total births. Morbidity rate was 250/4015 or 62.3/1000 live births.Analysis of perinatal data correlated with maternal conditions, manner of delivery, age of gestation and birth weight was made. The study showed that results can be improved by early detection and treatment of maternal complications, but these are dependent on a multitude of socio‐economic and biological factors. The quality of mortality reporting was noted to be a source of difficulty in the study and is recommended for improvement.
Sinusoidal Fetal Heart Rate Pattern in Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Kigawa Junzo , Makio Akira , Torii Yuuichi , Narita Kiyoji , Aoki Satoru 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern (SHR) was studied by performing the simultaneous non‐stress test (NST) in twin pregnancies. The NST led to a diagnosis of SHR according to Maeda's tentative criteria in 3 sets of twins.SHR was recorded in 3.2% of our twin pregnancies. All cases were single placenta. Two sets of twins, including 2 fetuses without SHR, had unfavorable courses. One fetus showed SHR and the other did not in 2 sets of twins, but both fetuses showed SHRs in a twin pregnancy. There was one intrauterine fetal death whose SHR was of a lower frequency and higher amplitude than the others.
A Comparison of Ultrasound Methods of Fetal Weight Prediction in the Third Trimester
Authors: Parker Ashton J. , Davies Paul , Newton John R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe antenatal ultrasound measurement of the fetal parameters of abdomen circumference, head circumference and the product of crown‐rump length and abdomen cross sectional area or fetal “volume”, were compared with the birthweights of newborn delivered within 72 hours of measurement.Birthweight was highly correlated with head circumference (r = 0.87), abdomen circumference (r = 0.96) and fetal “volume” (r = 0.95). Fitted linear regression equations were calculated relating birthweight to the three ultrasound factors. For abdomen circumference and fetal “volume” the residual standard deviation of birthweight values about the regression line was 250 g.A linear combination of abdomen circumference and fetal “volume”, and abdomen circumference and head circumference values was better than abdomen circumference alone to predict birthweight There was no clinical advantage in using fetal “volume” over abdomen circumference alone to predict birthweight.
Hydatidiform Mole Induced by Clomiphene Citrate Therapy
Authors: Takayama Masaomi , Soma Hiroaki , Suzuki Yasunobu , Okudera Kenichi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwo women were treated for hydatidiform mole after receiving clomiphene to induce ovulation. One of the women was further given methotrexate (MTX) for treatment of persistent trophoblastic disease.
The Effects of Hormone and Protein Increases During Pregnancy on Natural Killer (NK) Cell Activity
Authors: Kurashige Takanobu , Morita Hideo , Ogura Hideo , Kurashige Michi , Kitamura Isamu , Kamimura Osamu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe have previously reported natural killer (NK) cell activity during pregnancy, and the effects of maternal sera on NK cell activity. In this study we explored the effects of hormone and protein increases during pregnancy on NK cell activity. Among hormones and proteins, estradiol, progesterone and alpha‐fetoprotein did not suppress NK cell activity but human chorionic godadotropin (HCG) significantly, and cortisol moderately suppressed NK cell activity.
Effects of External Calcium and Calcium Antagonist, Diltiazem, on Isolated Segments of Pregnant Human Myometrium
Authors: Kawarabayashi Tatsuhiko , Kishikawa Tadao , Sugimori Hajime 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSpontaneous electrical activity and contraction of isolated segments from the isth‐mic region of pregnant human myometrium were recorded by the single sucrose‐gap method, and effects of calcium and diltiazem on the muscle were studied.The segments, obtained at cesarean section, had plateau‐ or spike‐type action potentials. When external Ca2+ was increased from 2.5 mM (normal concentration in Krebs solution) to 7 mM, the durations of both types of action potentials gradually decreased and finally disappeared. The contractions were well synchronized with action potentials, and amplitude, frequency and half‐duration of the contraction were all decreased when extracellular Ca2+ was increased. On the other hand, at a lower external Ca2+ concentration (1.25 mM) the duration of the action potentials was reduced, as was the contraction force. Diltiazem (10‐8‐10‐5 g/ml) suppressed both types of action potentials, and the accompanying contractions were reduced. However, the frequency of contraction was increased by lower doses in some muscles. Diltiazem 10‐5g/ml completely abolished the spontaneous activity. High K+ in the muscles caused a phasic contraction followed by a tonic contracture. Diltiazem 10‐5 g/ml suppressed both responses.These results suggest that spontaneous action potentials and contractions are altered by changes in external Ca2+. High Ca2+ might increase potassium conductance and stabilize the membrane. Consequently action potential duration was shortened and finally eradicated. It is also suggested that diltiazem may antagonize Ca2+ mobilization at the membrane surface including the stabilizing site, hence affecting the frequency and suppressing the spontaneous contraction and high K+ contracture.
Complement Aspects of Threatened Abortion and Toxemia of Pregnancy
Authors: Hatano Hisaaki , Sasaki Shigeru , Araki Tsutomu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractComplement titers were measured in threatened abortion and toxemia of pregnancy. Components of the alternative pathway were suppressed in abnormal pregnancies compared to that of normal pregnant women. Decreased CH50 were also observed but there were no changes of C4 levels in the cases of pregnant patients with complications. Extracts from human chorionic villi activated serum 50% hemoly‐sis of the alternative pathway. These results suggested that the alternative pathway is mainly influenced in abnormal pregnancies.
Factors Affecting Breast‐Feeding among Hong Kong Chinese
Authors: Koo Linda C. , Wong Vivian C. , Ho Ching Y. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFour hundred and thirteen mothers attending maternal and child health clinics were interviewed. The incidence of breast‐feeding was 28%, with a mean duration of 10 weeks among mothers who breast‐fed their babies. Families with higher levels of education and income were more likely to breast‐feed their infants, whereas those with lower education and income tended to continue breast‐feeding for longer periods. Mothers who felt that breast milk was superior to bottle milk, and who had breast‐fed their previous child were more likely to be breast‐feeders. The hospital procedure of feeding infants on demand rather than scheduled feeding was found to be the best predictor of breast‐feeding incidence.
Health Implications of Traditional Female Circumcision in Pregnancy
Authors: Adetoro Olalekan O. , Ebomoyi Ehigie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA case of traditional female circumcision in pregnancy is presented. The case is complicated by severe haemorrhage, genital infection and prematurity with the delivery of a fresh stillbirth. This presentation highlights the importance of the need to discourage this hazardous, age‐longed cultural practice, through health education of the community.
Cytology of Fetal Ascites and Antenatal Diagnosis of Meconium Peritonitis
Authors: Shimokawa Hiroshi , Matsuyama Toshitaka , Maeda Hirotaka , Hara Kenji , Nakano Hitoo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe treated a baby with meconium peritonitis diagnosed antenatally by cytology of the fetal ascites. Cytologic examination of fetal ascites is a useful tool for the antenatal diagnosis of meconium peritonitis.
The Acute Effects of Antidepressants, Maprotiline and Amoxapine on Serum Prolactin and Gonadotropin Levels in Normal Women
Authors: Koizumi Kiyoshi , Aono Toshihiro , Tanizawa Osamu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe acute effects of single oral doses of antidepressants, maprotiline and amoxapine on serum levels of prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) were studied in six normally cycling women. After oral administration of 25 mg maprotiline, no significant increase was observed in serum PRL levels, but PRL levels increased significantly (p<0.05) 6 hour after administration of 25 mg amoxapine. There were no significant changes in serum LH and FSH levels after taking either drug. These results suggest that amoxapine increases PRL levels and possibly leads to galactorrhea and amenorrhea. It is recommended to use antidepressants that do not cause hyperprolactinemia, e.g. maprotiline, especially in female patients.
Heteroimmunization against Human Male Reproductive Antigens: Immunogenicity and Antisperm Antibody Patterns
Authors: Wang Shi‐Xian , Ing Raymond M. Y. , Jones Warren R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe relative immunogenicity of various components of the human male reproductive system was studied in a heterologous murine system in which sperm antibody titres were assessed using the tray agglutination test (TAT), the sperm immobilization test (SIT), an indirect immunofluorescence antibody method, and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was a wide variation in the sensitivity of the methods used for sperm antibody detection and in the ability of male tract components to provoke an immune response directed against sperm. The ELISA was the most sensitive test and demonstrated that all positive sera contained sperm antibodies in each Ig class and IgG sub‐class. The TAT and SIT were intermediate in sensitivity and the indirect immunofluorescence test gave the lowest titre.The spectrum of sperm antibody tests indicated that whole sperm, either untreated or “washed” were more immunogenic than sperm extracts, seminal plasma or testi‐cular extracts in that order. The results also demonstrated that the most immunogenic components in seminal plasma are those that are absorbed onto the sperm surface and that these components contribute significantly to the antigenicity of ejaculated sperm.
Trends of Oestriol and Progesterone in Normal Pregnancies
Authors: Evans J. J. , Aickin D. R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTrends of steroid concentrations during pregnancy are sometimes proposed as indicators of fetal well being. The percent variation of levels of urine oestrogen, plasma oestriol and plasma progesterone were calculated in normal pregnancies over fortnightly intervals, as percentages of initial values. The data was used to construct the normal ranges for the variation of these steroid fractions during the final ten weeks of pregnancy. Wide ranges of variation were observed. There were occasions when changes of —30% were recorded, thus revealing that such decrements are not definitive indicators of severe fetal distress. Conversely surges which doubled the level over a two week period were observed. Possibly trends will provide most information when pregnant women are sampled frequently.
Trehalase Isozymes in Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Honda Ken‐ichi , Ogita Sachio , Imanaka Motoharu , Oka Tomoko , Matsumoto Masahiko , Sugawa Tadashi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA technique has been developed for the separation of trehalase isozymes by poly‐acrylamide slab gel electrophoresis in horizontal plates. Amniotic fluid was found to contain two isozymes at middle gestation and two or three isozymes at late gestation. Meconium at middle gestation and newborn urine contain only low‐mobility isozyme. High‐mobility and medium‐mobility isozymes are thought to be formed by recombination of enzyme subunits originating from fetal meconium and urine. We also demonstrated developmental changes of trehalase isozyme in chorionic tissue. Trehalase isozymes appear to be an useful metabolic marker of fetal maturity.