bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does small‐perimeter fencing inhibit mule deer or pronghorn use of water developments?
Authors: Larsen Randy T. , Bissonette John A. , Flinders Jerran T. , Robinson Aaron C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWildlife water development can be an important habitat management strategy in western North America for many species, including both pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). In many areas, water developments are fenced (often with small‐perimeter fencing) to exclude domestic livestock and feral horses. Small‐perimeter exclosures could limit wild ungulate use of fenced water sources, as exclosures present a barrier pronghorn and mule deer must negotiate to gain access to fenced drinking water. To evaluate the hypothesis that exclosures limit wild ungulate access to water sources, we compared use (photo counts) of fenced versus unfenced water sources for both pronghorn and mule deer between June and October 2002–2008 in western Utah. We used model selection to identify an adequate distribution and best approximating model. We selected a zero‐inflated negative binomial distribution for both pronghorn and mule deer photo counts. Both pronghorn and mule deer photo counts were positively associated with sampling time and average daily maximum temperature in top models. A fence effect was present in top models for both pronghorn and mule deer, but mule deer response to small‐perimeter fencing was much more pronounced than pronghorn response. For mule deer, we estimated that presence of a fence around water developments reduced photo counts by a factor of 0.25. We suggest eliminating fencing of water developments whenever possible or fencing a big enough area around water sources to avoid inhibiting mule deer. More generally, our results provide additional evidence that water development design and placement influence wildlife use. Failure to account for species‐specific preferences will limit effectiveness of management actions and could compromise research results. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Water soluble conducting polymer composite of polyvinyl alcohol and leucine: An effective acid corrosion inhibitor for mild steel
Authors: Sabirneeza A. Ali Fathima , Subhashini S. , Rajalakshmi R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA new corrosion inhibitor namely poly(vinyl alcohol‐leucine) composite (PVAL) has been synthesized and its influence on corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution has been studied by weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The composite (PVAL) showed more than 95% inhibition efficiency (IE) at an optimum concentration of 0.6% by weight. The inhibition efficiency of inhibitor has been found to vary with inhibitor concentration, solution temperature, and immersion time. Various kinetic and thermodynamic parameters (Ea, ΔHo, ΔSo for corrosion and ΔGads, ΔHads, ΔSads for adsorption) reveal a strong interaction between inhibitor and mild steel surface. The negative values of ΔGads indicate the spontaneous adsorption of the inhibitor on mild steel surface. Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed PVAL as mixed type inhibitor. It inhibits mild steel corrosion by blocking the active sites of the metal. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) techniques were also used to investigate the mechanism of corrosion inhibition.
Physical parameters for atomic inner‐shell photoionization processes and analytical applications: a status report
Authors: Puri Sanjiv 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe atomic inner‐shell vacancy decay processes comprising of radiative and non‐radiative transitions are characterized by the physical parameters, namely, the photoionization cross‐sections; X‐ray, Auger and Coster–Kronig (CK) transition rates; fluorescence and CK yields; and the vacancy transfer probabilities. These parameters are required to calculate the K‐shell and Li (i = 1–3)/Mi (i = 1–5) sub‐shell X‐ray production cross‐sections and relative intensities which, in turn, are needed for different analytical applications. This report intended to provide a detailed account of the currently available data sets of different physical parameters for use in various analytical applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
O-017 Does intraprocedural rupture of anterior communicating artery aneurysms matter? A retrospective comparison of endovascular and microsurgical approaches
Authors: Hui F , Tong F , Schuette J , Dion J , Cawley M 
Published: July 2011

PurposeIntraprocedural rupture is a dangerous complication of endovascular treatment. Small ruptured, 3–4 mm aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery (AcoA) are at increased risk for re-rupture during endovascular occlusion. Given this risk, microsurgical management may confer improved outcomes.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 409 AcoA aneurysms treated in 409 consecutive patients at Emory University over a 10-year period. Patient demographics, aneurysmal rupture, size, therapeutic approach (microsurgical or endovascular), patient outcomes, intraprocedural rupture and rerupture were reviewed. Aneurysm retreatments were noted, but excluded.ResultsRupture rates were examined by size for all patients and subgroups as well as dichotomized to evaluate for size ranges associated with increased rupture rates. The highest risk of rupture was noted in aneurysms <4 mm. Of 409 aneurysms, 110 (26.8%) were ≤4 mm. The intraprocedural rupture rate was 7.1% (29/409) for AcoA aneurysms of any size. There was an intraprocedural rupture rate of 6.7% (20/299) among AcoA aneurysms >4 mm compared to 8.2% (9/110) in <4 mm aneurysms. In aneurysms ≤4 mm, the endovascular procedural rupture rate was 12.5% (7/56), while the microsurgical rate was 3.7% (2/54), p=0.16. In the >4 mm aneurysms, the endovascular rupture rate was 2.7% (5/182) while the microsurgical rate was 12.8% (15/117), p=0.0013. There was no statistically significant difference in Modified Rankin Scores between ruptured or non-ruptured aneurysms of any size once Age, Hunt and Hess and modified Fisher Grades were included in the model. Rupture rates tended to be higher in the microsurgical cases (10% vs 5%; p=0.078) but not statistically significant. In small aneurysms, endovascular rupture rate was higher (12.5% vs 4%, p=0.16). In larger aneurysms, microsurgery tended to have higher ruptures (13% vs 3%, p=0.0013). However, despite the intra-procedural rupture, the dichotomized mRS did not demonstrate statistically significant differences between endovascular and microsurgical therapy overall (p=0.23), in aneurysms <4 mm (p=0.82), or >4 mm (p=0.37).ConclusionsMicrosurgical treatment of small ACOM aneurysms ≤4 mm appears to confer a lower intraprocedural re-rupture rate than endovascular management, but may have a higher procedural rupture rate in larger aneurysms. In this retrospective data set, there was no statistically significant difference in outcomes irrespective of the treatment modality and aneurysm size. Aneurysms ≤4 mm trend toward having a higher rate of rupture with endovascular techniques, while aneurysms >4 mm tend to have a higher rate of intraprocedural rupture during microsurgery. However, despite the ruptures, there is no statistically significant difference in outcomes.
O-027 Antithrombotic states and outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Hui F , Schuette A , Spiotta A , Lieber M , Moskowitz S , Dion J , Tong F , Barrow D , Cawley M 
Published: July 2011

IntroductionAntithrombotic states are encountered frequently, either due to medical therapy or by pre-existent pathologic states, and may affect the severity of hemorrhagic strokes such as aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages. Cerebrovascular specialists analyzed a 2-year period of subarachnoid hemorrhage data in order to determine the effects of antithrombotic states on the outcomes of patients with aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of 365 patients who experienced aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage at Emory University over a 2-year period. The patients were grouped into those with and without an antithrombotic state at time of hemorrhage and were stratified according to presentation, clinical grades, outcomes, need for cerebrospinal fluid diversion and the development of vasospasm. CT of the head was assessed for bleed pattern and Modified Fisher Grade (mF). Patients were excluded if no aneurismal source was subsequently discovered.ResultsThere is a strong association between antithrombotic states and outcomes as assessed by modified Rankin Scale (p<0.0001). Patients have worse outcomes even when adjusting for the amount of hemorrhage as assessed by modified Fisher Grade and Hunt and Hess Scores (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of presentation grades Hunt and Hess score (HH) (p=0.44), modified Fisher Grade (p=0.55), incidence of vasospasm (p=0.30), or need for ventricular peritoneal shunting (p=0.85).ConclusionPatients in antithrombotic states presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage have worse outcomes without a significant difference in presentation grades.
O-028 Acute endovascular management of gun shot injuries to arteries supplying the head & neck and the brain in civilian patients
Authors: Benndorf G , Yevich S , Barrow A , Shaltoni H , Mawad M 
Published: July 2011

PurposeTo report the use of endovascular techniques for management of gun shot injuries to arteries in the head and neck requiring emergency intervention.Material and MethodsBetween January 2009 and March 2011, 46 patients, admitted to a Level 1 Trauma Center with suspected gun shot injuries of the extracranial or intracranial circulation (Age range: 17–54, gender distribution: 35 males/11 females), were referred for four vessel angiograms. Four vessel angiograms were performed within 24 h after admission to confirm potential injuries to the external carotid, internal carotid and vertebral arteries (ECA, ICA or VA) and if necessary with the intent to treat by endovascular techniques.ResultsIn 13/46 patients, major vessel injuries, requiring immediate surgical or endovascular intervention were documented. In one patient, an internal carotid dissection causing thrombembolic stroke was successfully treated by stent placement. Two patients presenting with ruptured cervical VAs without angiographically visible active extravasation were treated by endovascular coil occlusions (1) and a combination of coils and NBCA (1). In six patients with life threatening blood loss, significant active extravasations were documented arising from the internal maxillary (4), occipital (1) or superficial temporal (1) arteries. In all cases, immediate transarterial occlusions were performed using NBCA (5) or Onyx (1). Complete occlusion of the rupture site was achieved in all patients. In two patients, arteriovenous fistulas between the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein, and the subclavian artery and vein respectively, were found. Both lesions were surgically corrected. All but two patients recovered partially or completely from their injuries. In 2 cases, intracranial vessel occlusions and extravasations were documented; no treatment was initiated due to elevated intracranial pressure causing restricted cerebral perfusion.ConclusionsMinor damages to the vessel wall are often manageable with conservative management and low dose anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy and short-term angiographic follow-up. Major vessel injuries leading to severe extracranial dissection or angiographic occlusion, may require stent placement or complete endovascular vessel blockage. In cases with significant active extravasations and critical blood loss, immediate transarterial embolization becomes life saving measure. The use of adhesive liquids such as acrylic glue appears more efficient compared to coils or Onyx to achieve the most rapid vessel occlusion in these cases.Abstract O-028 Figure 1
O-030 MRA artifact evaluation of an in vivo canine model: 28 weeks follow-up of aneurysms treated with endovascular coiling
Authors: Spilberg G , Carniato S , King R , Murphy R , Gounis M , Wakhloo A 
Published: July 2011

IntroductionAlthough coil embolization of brain aneurysms is safe and effective, aneurysm recurrence remains a limitation requiring surveillance imaging. Recently, MR angiography (MRA) has become a viable option for non-invasive follow-up. Often, a baseline MRA within one week of coiling is acquired for comparison. The coil mass produces magnetic susceptibility artifact that may obscure the evaluation of the host vasculature and the aneurysm. Although previous research into MR artifact has been done in vitro, the dynamic characteristics of a functional vascular system cannot be simulated. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the MR susceptibility artifact from coil masses over time using different MRA techniques.Materials and MethodsFour mongrel canines were used: two venous side-wall aneurysms were created on each common carotid artery for a total of four aneurysms in each animal. Aneurysms were embolized receiving only one type of coils, GDC or a new coil prototype. After coiling, the animals were transferred to the 3T MRI. MRI protocol included axial 3D TOF MRA (TE of 3.5, 5 and 6.9), phase contrast MRA, and coronal contrast-enhanced MRA. Serial MRI studies were repeated at 1, 4, 6, 8, 14, and 28 weeks. The volume of the coil mass was measured using 3D radiography. MRA sequences were analyzed using Mimics 13.1 for 3D reconstruction and volume measurements. An overestimation factor (OEF) was calculated: OEF=VSA/VCM; where the numerator represents the volume of the MR susceptibility artifact and the denominator is the true volume of the coil mass measured by 3D radiography.ResultsOEFs are largest immediately after embolization, and show a gradual decay until approximately 4 weeks (Abstract O-030 figure 1), when there is stabilization of the size of the artifact. By 6 weeks we found that there was mild coil compaction (average coil mass volume decrease by 9.4%). However, the susceptibility artifact reduced substantially during the same time period; with the OEFs decreasing by 30% after 6 weeks. The decrease of the artifact is currently under evaluation. Histopathological analysis of explanted aneurysms did not show corrosion of the metal detachment zone. The effect of compaction has also been excluded as a possible hypothesis in phantom experiments.Abstract O-030 Figure 1ConclusionMR susceptibility artifact changes over time, being maximal in the post embolization setting and decaying until 4 weeks. The clinical implications of this study indicate that baseline MRA for comparison with future imaging should be acquired after 4 weeks post procedure.
P-002 Carotid stenting in acute stroke
Authors: Singh P , Dodd R , Do H , Albers G , Lansberg M , Schwartz N , Marks M 
Published: July 2011

Background and PurposeAcute ischemic stroke due to extracranial carotid occlusion can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. It is unclear whether acute endovascular stenting of the carotid artery is efficacious and useful in improving overall outcomes. Previous and on-going thrombectomy studies have generally evaluated intracranial occlusions. We undertook this study to determine if acute carotid artery stenting can lead to successful revascularization and good clinical outcomes in this population with acute ischemic strokes at our institution.MethodsA retrospective review of all acute cervical ICA occlusions treated within 8 h of time last seen normal time was performed. 12 patients were treated between May 2008 and March 2010. Records were reviewed for an NIHSS before stent placement, and clinical outcome was determined via NIHSS and mRS at discharge, and at 60–90 days. All imaging and angiographic data were also reviewed to analyze preprocedural ischemic volumes, tandem occlusions, pre and post procedural TICI reperfusion scores, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (defined by radiographic evidence of hemorrhage and a decline in NIHSS by >4 points).Results12 patients with a mean age of 69 (range 55–88) and a median NIHSS of 16 (range 12–23) were identified. Nine patients had tandem lesions with cervical occlusion and intracranial thrombus. The cervical occlusions were due to atherosclerosis (10 patients) or dissection (2 patients). All patients had initial stent placement followed by the use of an approved thrombectomy device to treat intracranial thrombus in the nine patients with intracranial thrombus. 11 of the 12 patients (92%) were successfully revascularized (TICI 2A or better). One patient was lost to follow-up. Following revascularization there were two patients with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Four of the remaining 11 patients (36%) had a mRS of <2 at 60–90 days. Four of the 11 patients died in the hospital from stroke related causes. Mean age of patients with a mRS of <2 was 60 (range 46–63), whereas the mean age of patients with a mRS of >3 was 74 (range 55–88). The median initial NIHSS of patients with a mRS of <2 was 14, whereas the median NIHSS of patients with a mRS of >3 was 17.ConclusionEmergent carotid stenting for acute ICA occlusion has a high rate of revascularization in our cohort of patients and may improve outcomes in a select group of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Patients who were younger and had lower initial NIHSS appear to have more favorable outcomes.
P-007 Trends in aneurysm treatment modality at a single, high-volume tertiary care center
Authors: Spiotta A , Wheeler A , Hui F , Rasmussen P , Moskowitz S 
Published: July 2011

IntroductionDevice developments and evolution in technique over the past decade since the International Study of Aneurysms Trial results were first available make the treatment of aneurysms which were previously considered poor candidates for coiling more feasible. Significant regional practice variations are likely to influence the proportion of techniques employed to treat aneurysms at different institutions. We describe our experience treating aneurysms at a single, high-volume tertiary care center.MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken of all the aneurysms treated at a single institution (Cleveland Clinic) between 2003 and 2010.Results1455 aneurysms were treated at our institution during the study period (45% SAH). Over this period, there was a near-linear increase in the number of aneurysms being treated. 137 were treated in 2003 and 208 were treated in 2010. In 2003, aneurysms were treated equally with clipping (49.6%) and coiling (50.4%). Over the 8-year period, there was a steady decline in the percentage of aneurysms treated surgically. By 2010, 25.5% of aneurysms were treated surgically and 74.5% by endovascular coiling. Among aneurysms that were coiled there has been an increase in the cases that are treated with adjuncts. Balloon-assisted remodeling is currently employed in 57.6% of all coiled aneurysms. The number of stent-assisted cases increased modestly and then has reached a plateau since 2007. Among stent-assisted cases, the “coil-through” technique was initially the preferred method (84% of all stent-assisted cases in 2003–2004). There has been a dramatic decrease in the proportion of “coil-through” cases and currently only 38% of stent-assisted cases are performed employing this method. The “coil-stent” and “jailing” techniques have remained relatively constant over time and both still represent a relative minority in treatment method, currently constituting 11.4% and 13.9%, respectively. The most dramatic increase in the relative proportion of a single method was the more widespread use of ‘balloon-stent’. Initially employed in 12% of stent-assisted cases, it is currently employed in 35.4% of cases.ConclusionsSignificant changes in practice trends for aneurysm treatment have been observed at a single, high-volume tertiary care center over the past decade. Although these changes are multifactorial, they are explained in party by institutional comfort level with the adoption of adjunctive techniques with a growing number of aneurysms treated with balloon remodeling and the “balloon-stent” technique. A preference of endovascular strategies over microsurgical clipping for treatment of both ruptured and unruptured aneurysms is now evident.Abstract P-007 Figure 1
E-006 Core infarct predictability based on ct perfusion study: a single center experience
Authors: Masoud H , Sharma J , Blackham K 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundCT perfusion is used routinely in the acute management of stroke. Core infarct size on perfusion studies affects endovascular management decisions. The literature on correlation of core infarct with follow-up imaging is limited.ObjectivesTo assess the correlation of core infarct on CT perfusion with follow-up imaging.MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed between 2009 and 2010 of 31 patients who had CT perfusion (CTP) studies and follow-up imaging. Persistence of CTP core infarct with follow-up imaging (CT head or MRI brain) was assessed.Results71.8% of patients (n=23) had correlating infarcts on initial CTP and follow-up imaging. 18.8% of patients (n=6) had Penumbra on CTP correlating with infarct on follow-up imaging. 6.2% of patients (n=2) had negative CTP but with appearance of infarct on follow-up imaging. One patient (3.1%) had an infarct on CTP with no infarct seen on follow-up imaging. Based on above analysis sensitivity and specificity of CTP based studies predicting core infarct are 92% and 85% respectively.ConclusionsCTP core infarct size correlates with changes consistent with infarction on follow-up imaging (CT, MRI). Furthermore our study demonstrates that penumbra on CTP correlates well with tissue at risk demonstrated by appearance of infarct on follow-up imaging in the same territory. Further studies with larger sample size are warranted to evaluate the role of CTP in assessing core infarct.
In-cell selectivity profiling of membrane-anchored and replicase-associated hepatitis C virus NS3-4A protease reveals a common, stringent substrate recognition profile
Authors: Martin Morgan M. , Condotta Stephanie A. , Fenn Jeremy , Olmstead Andrea D. , Jean François 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The need to identify anti-Flaviviridae agents has resulted in intensive biochemical study of recombinant nonstructural (NS) viral proteases; however, experimentation on viral protease-associated replication complexes in host cells is extremely challenging and therefore limited. It remains to be determined if membrane anchoring and/or association to replicase-membrane complexes of proteases, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3-4A, plays a regulatory role in the substrate selectivity of the protease. In this study, we examined trans-endoproteolytic cleavage activities of membrane-anchored and replicase-associated NS3-4A using an internally consistent set of membrane-anchored protein substrates mimicking all known HCV NS3-4A polyprotein cleavage sequences. Interestingly, we detected cleavage of substrates encoding for the NS4B/NS5A and NS5A/NS5B junctions, but not for the NS3/NS4A and NS4A/NS4B substrates. This stringent substrate recognition profile was also observed for the replicase-associated NS3-4A and is not genotype-specific. Our study also reveals that ER-anchoring of the substrate is critical for its cleavage by NS3-4A. Importantly, we demonstrate that in HCV-infected cells, the NS4B/NS5A substrate was cleaved efficiently. The unique ability of our membrane-anchored substrates to detect NS3-4A activity alone, in replication complexes, or within the course of infection, shows them to be powerful tools for drug discovery and for the study of HCV biology.