bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Arousal in East Asian and Euro-Canadian Women: A Psychophysiological Study
Authors: Yule Morag , Woo Jane S.T. , Brotto Lori A. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionStudies of ethnic differences in self-report measures of sexuality have shown East Asian women to be more sexually conservative and less sexually experienced than Caucasian women. There is also strong evidence supporting the notion of ethnic group differences in general measures of nonsexual psychophysiological arousal; however, there have been no previous studies exploring ethnicity and physiological sexual arousal.AimThe objective of this study was to explore group differences in self-reported and physiological sexual arousal in Euro-Canadian and East Asian women living in Canada; we also aimed to explore the association between level of acculturation (both mainstream and heritage) and sexual arousal in East Asian women only.MethodsSeventy-five women (N=38 Euro-Canadian, N=37 East Asian) completed a battery of questionnaires and underwent psychophysiological sexual arousal testing using the vaginal photoplethysmograph. They also completed a self-report measure of subjective arousal before and after erotic stimulus exposure.Main Outcome MeasuresAll women completed the Female Sexual Function Index, Vancouver Index of Acculturation, and Sexual Beliefs and Information Questionnaire. Change in genital sexual arousal (vaginal pulse amplitude; VPA), and change in subjective sexual arousal were measured during exposure to erotic stimuli.ResultsThe groups did not differ in the percent increase in VPA induced by erotic stimuli, nor was there a correlation between VPA and subjective sexual arousal. Among East Asian women alone, neither heritage nor mainstream acculturation was correlated with change in VPA.ConclusionsEast Asian and Euro-Canadian women who show similar ratings of sexual behaviors and self-reported sexual arousal do not differ in physiological or subjective arousal induced by erotic stimuli in the laboratory.
Morphological and Functional Evidence for the Contribution of the Pudendal Artery in Aging-Induced Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Hannan Johanna L. , Blaser Mark C. , Oldfield Lauren , Pang Judith J. , Adams Stephen M. , Pang Stephen C. , Adams Michael A. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Aging increases the risk of both erectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular disease. These conditions have similar etiologies and commonly coexist. One unifying concept is the role of arterial insufficiency which is a primary factor in the onset of age-related ED.

Aim
Based on the novel finding that the pudendal arteries contribute 70% of the total penile vascular resistance, our objective was to morphometrically and functionally characterize this vessel in young and old normotensive rats.

Methods
Erectile function was monitored in 15- and 77-week Sprague-Dawley rats using the apomorphine bioassay (80 mg/kg, s.c.). Anesthetized animals were perfusion-fixed, aortic, renal, and internal pudendal arteries were excised, embedded, sectioned, stained, and morphometrically assessed using light microscopy. Hearts were excised, separated, and weighed prior to perfusion. Contractile and relaxation responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and phenylephrine (PE) were assessed by wire myograph.

Main Outcome Measures
Erectile function, morphological measurements, concentration response curves to ACh and PE.

Results
With age, there were marked decreases in erectile responses compared to younger rats (2.8 ± 0.87 vs. 0.3 ± 0.58). The pudendal arteries had a relatively small lumen (303 ± 13.8 µm) and a thick medial layer (47 ± 2.2 µm). In aged pudendal arteries, the lumen diameter did not change, and yet the medial layer, cross sectional area, and extracellular matrix were markedly increased. In contrast, the lumen diameter and wall thickness of the aorta and renal arteries in aged rats increased proportionally. An increase in small, round, smooth muscle cells was seen in aged pudendal arteries. Functionally, there were no differences in contractile responses to PE; however, ACh-induced relaxation decreased with age.

Conclusions
In aged rats, erectile function was severely diminished when pudendal arteries had undergone marked phenotypic changes. Specifically, there was endothelial dysfunction and pathological remodeling of this vessel with age, characterized by medial thickening, impaired vasodilation and significantly reduced capacity for penile blood flow.
Disorders of Orgasm in Women: A Literature Review of Etiology and Current Treatments
Authors: IsHak Waguih William , Bokarius Anna , Jeffrey Jessica K. , Davis Michael C. , Bakhta Yekaterina 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionDisorders of orgasm in women, defined as the persistent or recurrent delay in or absence of orgasm, affect up to a quarter of the female population.AimTo review existing research findings on the etiology and treatments of disorders of orgasm in women to provide a useful reference tool for clinicians who evaluate and treat patients with these conditions.MethodsPubMed and PsycINFO search for articles published between 1980 and 2009 using the keywords “orgasm*,” “anorgasmia,” and “female*,” “woman,” or “women,” in addition to “female orgasmic disorder” and “disorders of orgasm in women.”Main Outcome MeasuresFindings on the etiological factors and effects of a variety of treatment interventions on improving disorders of orgasm in women.ResultsLiterature on prevalence and causes of disorders of orgasm in women is abundant, yet more reports of successful treatments are needed. Nevertheless, many promising approaches have been suggested, and data support several potential treatments such as bupropion, sildenafil, estrogen, and testosterone among others.ConclusionsAlthough more research is needed to better understand and manage disorders of orgasm in women, significant progress is being made.
Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Koca Orhan , Çalışkan Selahattin , Öztürk Metin İ. , Güneş Mustafa , Kılıçoğlu Gamze , Karaman Muhammet Ihsan 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED), defined as the inability to achieve and/or maintain a penile erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, is a health problem affecting more than one-half of men between the age of 40 and 70 years.

Aim
The aim of the present study was to determine the potential factors affecting penile vascular flow and predictability of vascular flow in patients with ED.

Methods
Totally 163 male patients between 29 and 82 years of age who were admitted to our outpatient clinic with complaints of ED were included. After a detailed medical history was obtained, all patients were asked to complete the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained for measurements of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated.

Main Outcome Measures
Penile color Doppler ultrasonography (PDU) was performed to evaluate flow patterns, Mann–Whitney U-test and Spearman correlation analyses were used to assess the relationship of PDU findings with hypertension, obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), FBG, and cholesterol levels measurements.

Results
The mean age, IIEF score, and BMI of the study population was 51.3 ± 12.1 years, 11.9 ± 6.1 and 28.5 ± 4.0 kg/m2, respectively. When the vascular pathologies detected with PDU and the presence of risk factors were compared, no significant correlation was determined between arterial insufficiency and metabolic syndrome (MS), whereas there was a significant correlation between veno-occlusive dysfunction and MS.

Conclusion
The prevalence of ED increases with advanced age and with the presence of a systemic disease. Basic evaluations may not always be sufficient for assessment of ED. In the presence of MS, the use of penile Doppler ultrasonography should be considered for the evaluation of penile vascular structures in ED patients.
Evaluating Tropical Biodiversity: Do We Need a More Refined Approach?
Authors: Magurran Anne E. , Queiroz Helder 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe exceptional biodiversity of tropical forests inspired the earliest ecologists such as H. W. Bates. Today we still strive to quantify and understand this diversity. Drawing on our own experience of Mamirauá reserve in Amazonas, which is located in an area that Bates explored, we argue that the emphasis of research in tropical ecosystems should shift away from species richness as an end in itself, and focus instead on other fundamental, but more tractable, questions that will increase our ecological understanding of these systems, support conservation management, and appeal to policy makers and society in general.
A Government's Perspective on Safeguarding Biodiversity: The Seychelles Experience
Authors: Dogley Didier 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe Seychelles has undergone major socio‐economic and political changes during the past four decades. Tourism and fisheries, being the mainstay of the country's economy, have positively impacted upon and influenced the form of institution framework and policies in the management of the environment and biodiversity. The Department of Environment, the organization responsible for biodiversity conservation, has changed its core functions over the years to accommodate its obligations under international conventions and again more recently because of a major economic reform program. The creation of several authorities and agencies has resulted in new challenges but at the same time opened up new opportunities. Despite all these changes, the government, with the support of international and local stakeholders, has persevered to safeguard its biodiversity.
ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATION ON NALIDIXIC ACID‐RESISTANT SALMONELLA MONTEVIDEO IN COOKED TOMATO PUREE OF VARIOUS pH VALUES
Authors: JAMES D.L. , JACZYNSKI J. , MATAK K.E. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT Electron beam (e‐beam) is a technology that uses ionizing radiation to destroy bacteria in a nonthermal manner. D10 values were obtained for nalidixic acid (NA)‐resistant Salmonella Montevideo in autoclaved Roma tomato puree pH adjusted to pH 3.4, 3.9, 4.4 and 4.9 and subjected to e‐beam at 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kGy. Survivors were enumerated using standard spread‐plating method. NA‐resistant S. Montevideo was not recovered in puree at pH 3.4 or 3.9. Significant reductions (P < 0.05) were determined at both pH 4.4 and 4.9 between the control (0 kGy) and samples exposed to≥1.5 kGy. D10 values were 1.07 and 1.50 kGy, respectively, which are greater than previously published D10 values for other Salmonella strains in various media. Tomato puree has antioxidant potential which may have provided protection against the e‐beam radiation. Radiation resistance as a result of acid adaptation may have also contributed to this effect.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSElectron beam (e‐beam) irradiation is a nonthermal technology that uses ionizing radiation to destroy bacteria and spoilage microorganisms. Several studies have shown this technique effective for the reduction of bacterial pathogens on fruits and vegetables with no changes in texture, color or sensory quality. Some studies have suggested that the food matrix may influence sensitivity of bacterial strains to irradiation; therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine the e‐beam radiation dose needed to achieve a one log reduction in population (D10 value) for nalidixic acid‐resistant Salmonella Montevideo in a tomato puree at low and high pHs.
Clinical practice guidelines for pediatric constipation
Authors: Greenwald Beverly J. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract Purpose: To discuss the diagnosis and management of pediatric constipation by nurse practitioners in primary care. Data sources: Clinical practice guidelines and selected research articles. Conclusions: Pediatric constipation is a common complaint. Few children have an organic cause; more common is “functional constipation.” Management may include medications, dietary interventions, and behavior modification. Patient and family education is essential. Implications for practice: A successful outcome requires multiple management strategies. There are usually relapses and gradual progress, so follow‐up is essential. A consult with a pediatric gastroenterologist is indicated when treatment fails, if there is concern about an organic cause, or for complex management.
Improving nurse practitioner assessment of woman veterans
Authors: Fitzgerald Cynthia E. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract Purpose: To provide nurse practitioners (NPs) with brief screening tools that can be used to identify postmilitary healthcare concerns common among women veterans. Data sources: Existing screening tools for posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, and military sexual trauma. Conclusions: Women represent more than 10% of military veterans who have served in combat settings during the current wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. As a result of their military service, women veterans may present in community healthcare settings with one or more of a variety of functional health problems, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, or other evidence of significant physical or psychiatric stress. Their families may be temporarily or permanently unstable as a result of the disruption caused by their military service, deployment, or health status. Implications for practice: NPs who are aware of the unique healthcare needs of women veterans returning from combat will be better prepared to assess and intervene when these patients present with symptoms or health consequences of military service. Simple, straightforward assessments can determine the extent to which women veteran patients require intervention during wartime and/or referral.
Taking charge of the challenge: Factors to consider in taking your first nurse practitioner job
Authors: Szanton Sarah L. , Mihaly Lisa K. , Alhusen Jeanne , Becker Kathleen L. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract Purpose: To describe factors that ensure a smooth transition from nurse practitioner (NP) student to independent NP during the first year of practice. Data sources: Two contrasting case examples, the authors' experiences, and selected professional literature. Conclusions: Key points to consider upon searching or taking a first NP job include patient, colleague, and clinic factors. Patient factors include mix of patient presentations, complexity of patient presentations, insurance status, and population. Colleague factors include mentorship, charting, mix of providers, and availability of providers. Perhaps most importantly, clinic factors include productivity expectations, practice mission, charting systems, on‐call requirements, supervision of other staff, and teaching status. Together, these factors can largely determine whether an NP's days are satisfying or frustrating in a new job. Implications for practice: The transition from NP student to independent NP can be daunting. Although nursing schools and practice sites have responsibilities to ensure the transition is smooth, the new NP is ultimately responsible for the transition.
Cyclooxygenase‐2/microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1 complex in the preoptic‐anterior hypothalamus of the mouse: involvement through fever to intravenous lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Gaetano L. , Watanabe K. , Barogi S. , Coceani F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim:  Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is now well established as a central effector of pyrogen fever. However, questions remain on the source, local vs. blood‐borne, of the compound for the early phase of the typically biphasic fever (Phases 1 and 2) to i.v. pyrogens. To verify the role of centrally formed PGE2, we examined the cyclooxygenase (COX)/prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) complex through fever to i.v. lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods:  Experiments were carried out in the conscious mouse and LPS effect was ascertained on all steps of expression – gene, protein, catalytic activity – of individual enzymes. The analysis was limited to the preoptic‐anterior hypothalamus (AH/POA).Results:  We found upregulation of the COX2 transcript together with an upward trend for the mPGES1 transcript during Phase 1. Coincidentally, there was a progressive increase in COX2 and mPGES1 protein expression through Phases 1 and 2. Catalytic activity for COX1 and COX2 combined was instead enhanced only in Phase 2, while mPGES1 activity remained steady at an intrinsically high level. Other COX and PGES enzymes were not modified through either Phase, and COX2/mPGES1 changes subsided with fever defervescence.Conclusion:  The findings confirm a key function of COX2 and mPGES1 for the synthesis of pyrogenic PGE2 and, at the same time, document their early response to LPS. We conclude that locally formed PGE2 in AH/POA is qualified for a role in the initiation of fever.
Treatment history in the psychosis prodrome: characteristics of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study Cohort
Authors: Cadenhead Kristin S. , Addington Jean , Cannon Tyrone , Cornblatt Barbara , McGlashan Thomas , Perkins Diana , Seidman Larry , Tsuang Ming , Walker Elaine , Woods Scott , Heinssen Robert 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim: Early identification and better characterization of the prodromal phase of psychotic illness can lead to targeted treatment and, perhaps, prevention of many of the devastating effects of a first psychotic episode. The primary aim of this manuscript is to describe the treatment histories of a large cohort of individuals who entered into one of seven prodromal research programs in a North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study consortium.Methods: Treatment histories from 372 clinical high‐risk subjects are described along with demographic, symptom, diagnostic and functional variables that may have contributed to treatment decisions for this group of individuals.Results: Of all subjects included, 82.1% had received psychosocial and/or pharmacologic treatment prior to entry. Psychosocial interventions were more common in the attenuated psychotic syndrome prodromal sample, especially those with more negative, disorganized or general symptoms and more impaired functioning. Psychotropic medication had been administered to individuals with a history of Axis I disorders.Conclusions: Given the many potential clinical presentations, treatments and ethical issues connected with the psychosis‐risk syndrome, it is not surprising that clinicians administered a broad range of interventions to study participants prior to their entry into the various research programs. Those individuals with milder and non‐specific symptoms were more likely to have received psychosocial treatments, whereas those with more severe symptoms received pharmacologic intervention. Clinical treatment research is needed that addresses the complexities of these psychosis‐risk states and helps to specify appropriate treatment at different stages of the psychosis prodrome.
The RNA Editor Gene ADAR1 is Induced in Myoblasts by Inflammatory Ligands and Buffers Stress Response
Authors: Meltzer Micah , Long Kimberly , Nie Yongzhan , Gupta Mayetri , Yang Jinghua , Montano Monty 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMuscle atrophy remains a significant concern in multiple inflammatory conditions, including injury, sepsis, cachexia, and HIV‐associated wasting. Herein, we show that inflammatory stressors, including TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, or lipopolysaccharide, potently induced the novel expression of the RNA editor ADAR1, an observation not previously described in muscle cells. We also observed that cytokine stimulation suppressed muscle‐associated microRNAs, an observation also not previously demonstrated. To map potential effects of ADAR1 induction in the muscle program, we conducted knockdown and overexpression studies in the mouse C2C12 muscle precursor cell (MPC) line and in primary human MPCs. We show that knockdown of stress‐induced ADAR1 increased inflammation‐mediated declines in the muscle differentiation markers Myogenin and myosin heavy chain, and knockdown reduced levels of active phosphorylated Akt (phospho‐Akt), but had no effect on microRNA transcript levels, suggesting a role for ADAR1 in buffering inflammatory stress effects on myogenic transcription and protein synthesis pathways. In addition, overexpression of recombinant ADAR1 suppressed active phosphorylated double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA)‐dependent protein kinase (phospho‐PKR), consistent with a role for ADAR1 in limiting inflammation‐driven catabolic atrophy pathways. Collectively, these data identify a novel regulatory role for ADAR1 activation under inflammatory stress to both promote muscle protein synthesis pathways and limit atrophy pathways. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 73–80
Identifying Unpredicted Drug Benefit through Query of Patient Experiential Knowledge: A Proof of Concept Web‐Based System
Authors: Pulley Jill , Hassan Nik Nik , Bernard Gordon R. , Jirjis Jim N. , Schildcrout Jonathan , Robertson David , Masys Daniel R. , Harris Paul 
Published: June 2010

AbstractInformation necessary to recognize unexpected drug efficacy is not routinely collected. Once a drug is approved, opportunities for understanding these phenomena are usually lost within clinical care. We propose that patients are willing to provide a wide range of experiential knowledge about the effects of therapies that is seldom solicited. Experience with various drug therapies might be solicited directly from patients in both structured and unstructured formats. Although the signal to noise ratio is expected to be low, these data, if organized in a constructive manner, could provide a useful hypothesis generation resource for areas of further pharmacologic inquiry. A pilot study was conducted for 18 months; 1,065 individuals using the MyHealthAtVanderbilt.com patient portal clicked on a research link to find more information about the study; 375 completed the survey (response rate of 37%). Of those, 218 patients reported that they were currently taking at least one prescription. Statistical methods applied detected known associations between drugs and their intended effects. This validated the type and frequency of effects being reported by patients and provided evidence for the potential for using patient‐supplied information to generate hypotheses related to unexpected positive benefits associated with medications. Improved data filtering and mining methods will be needed to expand this concept. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 98–103