bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal interlens distance: normal values during pregnancy
Authors: Kivilevitch Z. , Salomon L. J. , Benoit B. , Achiron R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of this study were to establish normal ranges of values for interlens distance (ILD) during gestation, and to assess the correlation between ILD and growth of the orbits and other fetal biometric parameters.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of morphologically normal, singleton fetuses was carried out in low‐risk pregnant women. We measured the distance between the centers of the fetal lenses from 12 to 37 completed weeks of gestation. An oblique anterior coronal section was used to measure the ILD. The biorbital diameter (BOD) was measured in the same plane. We analyzed the correlation between the ILD and gestational age (GA), BOD, biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), femur length (FL) and abdominal circumference (AC). Fetal gender was assessed to evaluate possible significant differences.ResultsFour hundred and fifty normal fetuses were recruited for the study. In 427 fetuses appropriate ILD measurements were obtained, and complete evaluation of all parameters was accomplished in 377 of these. ILD demonstrated a high positive correlation with GA (r2 = 0.969), BPD (r2 = 0.959), HC (r2 = 0.962), AC (r2 = 0.949) and FL (r2 = 0.956) as pregnancy advanced. The mean BOD : ILD ratio was 1.50 ± 0.08, remaining constant throughout pregnancy (linear regression r2 = 0.006). No statistically significant differences were found between genders for mean ILD and GA of the study population (P = 0.604 and 0.595, respectively).ConclusionsThe results of this study confirm previous hypotheses regarding the close relationship between eyeball growth and growth of the surrounding bony structures. Measurement of fetal ILD, which can be used interchangeably with BOD measurement in either the axial or coronal plane, can be taken to reflect the expected development of the fetal orbits whilst simultaneously providing valuable information on eyeball development. It is likely that ILD could be used as a complementary tool in the elaboration of various severe abnormalities, mainly related to craniofacial and nervous system malformations. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adapting to drought in the Sahel: Lessons for climate change
Authors: Mortimore Michael 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Sahel's experience of adapting to changes in rainfall on a scale at least comparable to that of climate change scenarios, between the 1960s and the 1990s, suggests that lessons can be learnt that may have a wider utility for policy in the future. The Sahel is a major global agroecological region and its success in adaptation will influence the achievement of the global Millennium Development Goals. From simple typologies of adaptation strategies, our understanding of adaptive capacity has evolved over time (with accumulating observations) into a contextual model which places drought management at the center of a development process. Climate change impacts in future are very uncertain. Policies and interventions should therefore aim to build on the platform of past achievements and existing local knowledge to enable flexibility and diversity and the protection of assets of small‐scale farmers and herders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
Secure handover for Proxy Mobile IPv6 in next‐generation communications: scenarios and performance
Authors: Lee Jong‐Hyouk , Chung Tai‐Myoung 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAs wireless mobile network technologies have grown tremendously over the past few years, security issues of protecting user privacy and network resources have emerged. Particularly, a mobile node (MN) must be authenticated in order to utilize the network resources whenever the MN performs its initial access or handover. In this paper, we present secure handover scenarios for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6): namely, handover re‐authentication (HORA)and handover early‐authentication (HOEA). The presented secure handover scenarios are based on EAP that is a common authentication framework for wireless mobile networks. Analysis results for the total handover latency and packet loss are presented to demonstrate whether the presented secure handover scenarios satisfy with real‐time applications. PMIPv6 is in the early stage of deployment in various wireless mobile networks. The conducted results in this paper thus offer the key to an understanding of feasibility of PMIPv6 in the coming next‐generation network environments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between chord length and rime icing on wind turbines
Authors: Homola Matthew C. , Wallenius Tomas , Makkonen Lasse , Nicklasson Per J. , Sundsbø Per A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNumerical simulations of ice accumulation on four different wind turbine blade profiles, from 450 kW, 600 kW, 1 MW and 2 MW, fixed speed, stall controlled, wind turbines, were performed to determine how wind turbine size affects atmospheric icing. The simulations indicate that dry rime icing is less severe for larger wind turbines both in terms of local ice mass and in terms of relative ice thickness. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
False‐positive newborn screening mimicking glutaric aciduria type I in infants with renal insufficiency
Authors: Hennermann Julia B. , Roloff Sylvia , Gellermann Jutta , Grüters Annette , Klein Jeannette 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGlutaric aciduria type I (GA I), an autosomal‐recessive deficiency of glutaryl‐CoA‐dehydrogenase, leads to encephalopathic crises resulting in irreversible neurological damage. As early diagnosis and implementation of appropriate treatment has significant benefit for these patients, GA I has been implemented in the extended newborn screening program in several countries. Screening parameter is glutarylcarnitine (C5DC) with its ratios. From 1 January 2005 until 31 December 2008, 173,846 newborns were examined by neonatal screening in our screening center. C5DC and/or at least three C5DC/acylcarnitine ratios were increased in 53 newborns (0.03%) and persisted in 11 infants after recall. GA I was not confirmed in any of these infants, but all 11 infants were suffering from renal insufficiency due to congenital (5/11) or acquired (6/11) renal disease. C5DC was shown to be significantly associated with renal affection and was significantly higher in infants with congenital renal insufficiency than in those with acquired renal insufficiency (p = 0.011). Creatinine correlated significantly with C5DC (p = 0.001) and all C5DC/acylcarnitine ratios, mainly with C5DC/(C8 + C10), C5DC/C0, C5DC/C2, C5DC/C4, and C5DC/C8 (for all: p = 0.001). Glutarylcarnitinemia associated with renal insufficiency has not yet been studied systematically. Renal damage in neonates might lead to disturbances in renal transporter systems of glutaric acid and its metabolites and a decreased excretion of C5DC, thus resulting in an increase of plasma C5DC. Therefore, newborns presenting with a positive screening indicating GA I may be considered not only to suffer from GA I but from renal insufficiency as well.
Beware the silent presentation of a high and dehiscent jugular bulb in the external ear canal
Authors: Ball M , Elloy M , Vaidhyanath R , Pau H 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective:We report two rare cases of high and dehiscent jugular bulbs protruding into the external ear canal; one case was silent, the other symptomatic.Method:The cases are presented and the relevant literature reviewed and discussed.Results:A 52-year-old woman underwent mastoid exploration for suspected cholesteatoma. On raising the tympanomeatal flap, while still lateral to the annulus, brisk venous bleeding occurred from a high, dehiscent jugular bulb in the external ear canal. The second patient, a 42-year-old man, underwent imaging for suspected glomus tumour. A high, dehiscent jugular bulb was found protruding into the external ear canal and hypotympanum.Conclusion:High jugular bulbs in the middle ear have been reported many times. To our knowledge, there has only been one previous report of a high jugular bulb in the external ear. These cases illustrate the importance of full, accurate assessment of high resolution computed tomography images, and of appropriate, immediate management of bleeding.
The genomic Echinococcus microsatellite EmsB sequences: from a molecular marker to the epidemiological tool
Authors: KNAPP J. , BART J. M. , MAILLARD S. , GOTTSTEIN B. , PIARROUX R. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARYIn the field of molecular and epidemiological parasitology, characterization of fast evolving genetic markers appears as an important challenge to consider the diversity and genetic structure of parasites. The study of respective populations can help us to understand their adaptive strategies to survive and perpetuate the species within different host populations, all trying to resist infection. In the past, the relative monomorphic features of Echinococcus multilocularis, the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis and a severe human parasitic disease, did not stimulate studies dealing with the genetic variability of Echinococcus species or respective populations. A recently developed, characterized and validated original multilocus microsatellite, named EmsB, tandemly repeated in the genome, offered an additional opportunity for this line of investigation. We have compiled in this review new insights brought by this molecular tracker on the transmission activity of Echinococcus among different hosts and at different geographical scales.
Red blood cell distribution width and 1‐year mortality in acute heart failure
Authors: van Kimmenade Roland R.J. , Mohammed Asim A. , Uthamalingam Shanmugam , van der Meer Peter , Felker G. Michael , Januzzi James L. 
Published: December 2009

AimsRed blood cell distribution width (RDW) predicts mortality in chronic heart failure (HF) and stable coronary artery disease. The prognostic value of RDW in more acute settings such as acute HF, and its relative prognostic value compared with more established measures such as N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), remains unknown.Methods and resultsIn a cohort of 205 patients with acute HF, independent predictors of RDW were identified using linear regression analysis. The association between RDW and 1‐year survival in the context of other predictors was assessed using Cox's proportional hazards analysis. Red blood cell distribution width was elevated in 67 (32.7%) patients; RDW was independently associated with haematological variables such as haemoglobin (P < 0.001) as well as the use of loop diuretics (P = 0.006) and β‐blockers (P = 0.015) on presentation, but not with nutritional deficiencies, recent transfusion, or inflammatory variables. Log‐transformed RDW values independently predicted mortality in multivariable Cox's proportional hazards analysis (hazards ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.06; P = 0.04); when stratified on the basis of RDW and NT‐proBNP status, the combination provided additional prognostic information.ConclusionRed blood cell distribution width is frequently elevated among patients with acute HF and does not appear to be associated with nutritional status, transfusion history, or inflammation. Red blood cell distribution width independently predicts 1‐year mortality in acute HF. The value of RDW appears additive to other established prognostic variables such as NT‐proBNP.
Arabidopsis Spermidine Synthase Is Targeted by an Effector Protein of the Cyst Nematode Heterodera schachtii
Authors: Hewezi Tarek , Howe Peter J. , Maier Tom R. , Hussey Richard S. , Mitchum Melissa G. , Davis Eric L. , Baum Thomas J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Cyst nematodes are sedentary plant parasites that cause dramatic cellular changes in the plant root to form feeding cells, so-called syncytia. 10A06 is a cyst nematode secretory protein that is most likely secreted as an effector into the developing syncytia during early plant parasitism. A homolog of the uncharacterized soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines), 10A06 gene was cloned from the sugar beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii), which is able to infect Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Constitutive expression of 10A06 in Arabidopsis affected plant morphology and increased susceptibility to H. schachtii as well as to other plant pathogens. Using yeast two-hybrid assays, we identified Spermidine Synthase2 (SPDS2), a key enzyme involved in polyamine biosynthesis, as a specific 10A06 interactor. In support of this protein-protein interaction, transgenic plants expressing 10A06 exhibited elevated SPDS2 mRNA abundance, significantly higher spermidine content, and increased polyamine oxidase (PAO) activity. Furthermore, the SPDS2 promoter was strongly activated in the nematode-induced syncytia, and transgenic plants overexpressing SPDS2 showed enhanced plant susceptibility to H. schachtii. In addition, in planta expression of 10A06 or SPDS2 increased mRNA abundance of a set of antioxidant genes upon nematode infection. These data lend strong support to a model in which the cyst nematode effector 10A06 exerts its function through the interaction with SPDS2, thereby increasing spermidine content and subsequently PAO activity. Increasing PAO activity results in stimulating the induction of the cellular antioxidant machinery in syncytia. Furthermore, we observed an apparent disruption of salicylic acid defense signaling as a function of 10A06. Most likely, increased antioxidant protection and interruption of salicylic acid signaling are key aspects of 10A06 function in addition to other physiological and morphological changes caused by altered polyamines, which are potent plant signaling molecules.
Changing the (im)balance of power: high‐performance work systems in Brazil
Authors: Sø Rocha Robson 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the research findings of a longitudinal case study of a Brazilian company which changed its work system from a highly Taylorist to a high‐performance work system (HPWS) form of organization. The paper presents the organizational processes linked to these changes and discusses their implications for manager‐worker relations.Design/methodology/approachLongitudinal qualitative research, based on 89 interviews with 62 informants, and conducted over a period of eight years.FindingsIn seeking to implement HPWS, firms need to pool and recombine different sources of expertise to succeed. At this stage, the balance of power between different organizational actors starts to shift towards greater mutual dependence, thus reducing power imbalances. The paper also discusses the gradual development of HPWSs in an emerging market economy.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is based on a single case study, which limits the potential for generalization, but it also provides a basis for a more detailed study of the challenges faced by organizational actors when firms move towards HPWSs.Practical implicationsA key distinguishing characteristic of the new managerial model – the intense and ongoing collaboration with its labor force at different levels that the firm needs – has become essential.Originality/valueThere are very few studies in the literature dealing with HPWSs in Brazil and their implications for employee relations.
The impact of Social Networking 2.0 on organisations
Authors: Sophia van Zyl Anria 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of what electronic social networking encompasses. It also aims to educate IT, business decision makers, knowledge workers and librarians about the various applications, benefits and risks associated with social networking.Design/methodology/approachAfter a literature review of the available resources (academic literature, journal articles, white papers, popular media and books) the benefits and perceived risks associated with electronic social networking on organisations are investigated.FindingsAn individual's success in society depends on the shape and size of his/her social network and ability to network and form connections with other social groups. Organisations which can harness this innate human ability to manage knowledge will be able to lower transactions costs and become more profitable.Originality/valueThe paper increases the understanding of what electronic social networking encompasses and how it can be utilised for business purposes. The ideas and discussion put forth are equally applicable to libraries and may give them new insights into the provision of social networking applications as part of their services to users.
Evolution of e‐records management practices in e‐government
Authors: Kulcu Ozgur 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the new aspects of records management practices introduced by the start of the provision of public services in the electronic environment.Design/methodology/approachA survey method was used in this research; data were gathered through literature reviews and interviews.FindingsThe major findings of the study are that the development of the official communication flow with the opportunities of the electronic environment is a must of the modern state concept. However, meeting the required legal and administrative criteria related to electronic records management applications, filling the gaps, taking action on the examples of the developed, and following the outputs of projects are considered to be quite significant.Originality/valueThe paper provides valuable information about the description of the e‐records management in terms of e‐government, and gives information about the recent developments in Turkey.
The relationship between the research activity of Iranian medical universities and their web impact factor
Authors: Asadi Maryam , Shekofteh Maryam 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to look at the relationship between research in Iranian medical universities, together with their Web Impact Factor (WIF).Design/methodology/approachThe Altavista search engine was chosen because of its advanced search facilities for counting links and having a wider scope of academic web sites than other search engines. It was searched for determining the number of pages, in‐links and self‐links of 42 web sites of Iranian medical universities. The Web Impact Factor (WIF) was calculated by two formulas and the relationship between the two grades of universities (WIF and ISI) was calculated by using the Spearman's correlation coefficient.FindingsTehran, Iran and Gilan medical universities had the first to third grade in the number of web sites' pages. The number of in‐links to Tehran, Isfahan and Tabriz medical universities was more than the others. The WIF of universities' web sites was counted in four groups with regard to their number of web pages and Kerman, Kermanshah, Fasa and Qom had the highest grades of WIF in each group, but there was no meaningful relationship between WIF grades and ISI grades. Also, the WIF of university web sites was counted with regard to the number of their members in the four groups and the result shows that Hormozgan, Shiraz, Isfahan and Tehran had the highest grade in each group. Again, there was no meaningful relation between WIF grades and ISI grades.Research limitations/implicationsIt seems that counting the number of in‐links is a better scale for ranking university web sites than WIF. WIF is proposed only in situations where the number of web pages is about equal.Originality/valueThe paper provides rankings, for the first time, of Iranian medical university web sites with regard to WIF based on the number of the web pages as well as on the number of the academic staff. The research shows a methodology that others can follow.
What prompts firms to choose between business and geographic segments as a primary segment?
Authors: Talha Mohammad , Sallehhuddin Abdullah Salim Abdullah 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate what causes a firm to choose between a business segment and a geographic segment as a primary segment for its segmental information disclosure. It seeks to examine Malaysian firms' experiences as they disclose segmental information under the new accounting standard known as FRS 114, Segment Reporting.Design/methodology/approachThe paper involves 374 Malaysian public‐listed companies which disclosed segmental information in their 2006 annual reports. Four hypotheses are developed to examine the influence of these five factors, namely the size of the company, listing status, financial leverage, financial performance, and industrial membership. The non‐parametric test is employed to test the formulated hypotheses.FindingsThe results reveal two important outcomes: first, size of company, financial performance, and industrial membership are significantly associated with the choice of a primary segment; and financial leverage of a company and listing status are not significantly associated with the choice of a primary segment.Research limitations/implicationsThe limited number in the sample and inherent segmental reporting problems present limitations.Practical implicationsThe paper implies extensive auditing work as the new standard requires more extensive disclosure for the primary segment, although the standard allows the adoption of primary segment reporting at management's discretion.Originality/valueThe paper's value lies in determining what motivates a company to disclose a business segment or a geographic segment as its primary segmental reporting basis.
Tagging and automation: challenges and opportunities for academic libraries
Authors: Eckert Kai , Hänger Christian , Niemann Christof 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare and examine the quality of the results of tagging, and intellectual and automated indexing processes.Design/methodology/approachThe approach takes the form of analysis and graphical representation of annotation sets using the software “Semtinel”.FindingsA combination of tagging, intellectual and automatic indexing is probably best suited to shape the annotation of literature more efficiently without compromising quality.Originality/valueThe paper presents the open source software Semtinel, offering a highly optimized toolbox for analysing thesauri and classifications.
Outsourcing information services
Authors: Petry‐Eberle Anne , Bieg Monika 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the systematic redevelopment of a Corporate Information Center's strategy, with particular focus on the aspect of outsourcing services. This aspect is emphasised, because it is the only way to realise a new business model without an increase in resources.Design/methodology/approachThere is a description of which services have been outsourced, while it is also made clear which activities related to the creation of processes and their supervision have remained in the company's internal Information Center, and how they are changing as time goes on. The licensing of information sources from external aggregators is viewed in the context of outsourcing, as is the latest development in Vendor Portfolio Management.FindingsAfter the transformation of the classic spectrum of library services into the strategically created portfolio of an Online Information Center, the core tasks at the forefront are those which anchor the Information Center in the corporation of which it is a part, and which perfectly combine the interests of the corporation with the use of information industry competencies through cooperation and partnership with service providers.Originality/valueThe case study demonstrates how, and for what purpose, information industry competencies can be used in an Online Information Center. Even with limited resources, the skilful use of outsourcing solutions makes possible the redevelopment of strategy and therefore change.