bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of vision and 3D
Authors: COCHENER B , LAMARD M , FERRAGUT S , IORGOVAN D , FATTAKHOVA Y , DE BOUGRENET DE LA TOCNAYE JL 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Multiple functional disturbances related to disorder of the stereoscopic vision have been revealed by the development during these last few years of 3D on all kinds of screens. In order to understand and potentially predict the occurrence of this new symptoms, a platform for detection and qualification has been designed at 3‐D Fovea Observatory ‐ Brest (France)Methods ‐ This platform includes: • 3D 107 cm plasma screen • 3D active pair of glasses equipped with a LCD opturator specifically developed for the study (high blocker level > 1/1000 and contrast sensitivity C1 : 350‐400), • oculometer able to follow the visual strategy, • computer for the tests diffusion and collection of data ‐ We developed a first kit of 4 tests focused on the detection of capacities for 3D tolerance. The evaluated parameters are : stereo‐acuity, simultaneous perception, total fusion and hyper stereopsis.Results Outcome issued from these 4 tests can be expressed in different ways according to the competence level of the user. A simple colored scale for the general population and quantification for the ophthalmologist and the orthoptist. Mean time required for performing this first series of exams is 403 seconds +/‐ 93. An evaluation in a risky population for abnormal binocular vision is ongoing.Conclusion preliminary results seem encouraging and should allow an extrapolation to the quality of relief perception on a movie in 3D. The interest of this platform lies on its simplicity of use, its ability to predict the tolerance to 3D exposure and to offer new tools for a modern and dynamic evaluation of binocular vision.
Conditions mimicking scleritis
Authors: CASSOUX N 
Published: August 2012

AbstractScleritis is an inflammatory process due to a huge number of inflammatory systemic etiologies and treated with corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs. Pseudoscleritis are represented by tumoral diseases that looks like scleritis but with a painless clinical presentation, and unresponsive to corticosteroids. Theses tumoral pathologies that may simulate scleritis are usually tumors of the conjunctiva (carcinoma, achromic melanoma, sarcoma, Malt lymphoma…) however some atypical presentation of intraocular tumors can mimic anterior or posterior scleritis. The tumoral origin of ocular pathologies must not be delayed because it increases the risk of metastasis and death. One a tumor is suspected patient should be referred to an onco ophthalmologist for diagnosis and management. In this paper, the different tumoral pathologies and their management will be described.
PUK from diagnosis to treatment
Authors: NERI P , CAPUANO V , ARAPI I , PIRANI V 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To describe the treatment strategy in the management of peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK).Methods The current literature is reviewed and the experience of a tertiary referral centre is reported.Results Peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) is rare but severe sight‐threatening disease affecting the peripheral cornea. The causes of PUK are multiple and insidious. Infectious diseases, both secondary to systemic rather than purely local diseases, and non‐infectious diseases can be identified as a cause of PUK. Non‐infectious systemic diseases, which can induce deposition of immune complexes in the cornea and, hence, lead to corneal ulcers, include peripheral vasculitides and inflammatory diseases of collagen, such as Rheumathoid arthritis, Wegener Granulomatosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Mooren’s ulcer is one of the most characteristic PUKs: often unilateral and self‐limiting in the elderly, sometimes bilateral and relentless in young patients, may cause severe visual impairment following extensive corneal destruction. Immunosuppressive therapy has been demonstrated effective in improving the prognosis of progressive cases, although a certain number of patients remain refractory to treatment. Resolution of refractory cases of Mooren’s ulcer with new systemic biologic agents, such as campath‐1H and anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, has been reported.Conclusion PUK can be a severe disease, leading to significant visual impairment. Although no guideline is provided, the current medical literature can give the basis for a successful treatment strategy. The detection of the infectious trigger can lead to the correct, specific therapy. Non‐infectious diseases are basically treated with the combination of steroids with immunesuppresives and, when necessary, biologics.
Choroidal thickness in glaucoma patients and glaucoma suspects measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: FRANCOZ A , NICOT F , CATTANEO A , CREUZOT‐GARCHER C , AHO S , BRON A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare retro‐foveolar choroidal thickness (RFCT) of healthy subjects, individuals with intraocular hypertension, patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG), patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and patients with primary angle‐closure glaucoma (PACG) by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT).Methods Sixty‐five healthy eyes, 30 eyes with intraocular hypertension, 90 eyes with POAG, 30 eyes with NTG and 20 eyes with PACG were included in this cross‐sectional study. RFCT, foveolar retinal thickness and average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) were measured by SD‐OCT (Spectralis HRA‐OCT, Heidelberg Engineering). Choroidal area was measured centered on the fovea, extending 2500 μm in temporal and nasal directions with Image J software. Parapapillary atrophy (PPA) was noted with optic nerve digital stereophotography. Humphrey 24‐2 visual field was also performed and spherical equivalent (SE) was measured with an automatic refractometer.Results In univariate analysis, significant correlations were observed between RFCT and age, choroidal area, PPA (p<0.001), SE, intraocular pressure, topical prostaglandin analogs (p<0.030), POAG, PACG (p<0.001) and NTG (p=0.006). In multivariate analysis, RFCT was correlated with age, choroidal area, PPA and PACG (p<0.001). Average RFCT was statistically thicker in PACG patients compared to healthy subjects (341 ± 95 μm versus 235 ± 56 μm, p<0.001).Conclusion This preliminary study showed that RFCT measured by SD‐OCT was significantly thicker in PACG compared to healthy subjects.
Manual placement of SD‐OCT peripapillary circle scan: possible influence on RNFLT classification and profile shape
Authors: SCHULZ S , ZINSER G 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Automatic classification of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) with Spectral Domain OCT (SD‐OCT) using a circle scan centered at the optic nerve head (ONH) is a standard test in glaucoma diagnosis. Possible influences of manual center selection on the double‐hump (DH) shape of RNFLT profile and classification have been evaluated.Methods SD‐OCT (Spectralis , Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Germany) standard circle scans were performed on 17 healthy eyes. Based on the infrared (IR) reflectance image, the center (C) of the circle scan was manually aligned to the ONH center and then shifted half way to the rim and on the rim at 3, 6, 9 and 12 o’clock position. Angle (AHP) and thickness (THP) of the highest peak in the superior and inferior RNFLT profile were calculated. Changes in RNFLT classification were analyzed.Results Horizontal shift of C significantly affects the AHP. Temporal shift moves the DH together, nasal shift diverges it. Temporal or nasal shift results in higher changes of superior than inferior RNFLT profile. Vertical shift induces a significant difference between THP and AHP. Superior shift increases inferior THP, decreases superior THP and moves the DH slightly to the left. Inferior shift does the opposite. The first temporal shift changed normal RNFLT classification in 15 of 119 sectors: 10 borderline (BL), 5 outside normal limits (ONL). Shifting C further on the temporal rim changed 33 sectors: 9 to BL, 24 to ONL.Conclusion Extreme decentration of the circle scan center (C) can significantly affect position and height of the RNFLT profile double hump (DH). If the RNFLT DH profile does not match the typical normal shape, decentration of C should be considered as a possible reason.
Commercial interest
Clinical trial for the evaluation of neuroprotective effects of palmitoylethanolamide: Visual Field and Pattern‐ERG
Authors: GAGLIANO C , LONGO A , UVA MG , REIBALDI M , AMATO R , RUSSO V , BIONDI P , AVITABILE T 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To study the effects of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a fatty acid ethanolamide, on IOP, visual field and pattern‐ERG in glaucoma patients.Methods 36 glaucoma (POAG) patients treated topically with timolol 0.5% were randomly assigned to either orally PEA 300 mg/die 2 times daily (Group A) or placebo (Group B). The patients had at least 5 VF tests using the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (Threshold 30‐2) for more than a 2‐year period before PEA treatment. At baseline and after 6, 12, 18, 24 months of treatments we evaluated in both groups the change of progression rate of visual field using mean deviation (MD), and pattern standard deviation (PSD). Comparison of means was performed with the paired t‐test.The involvement of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were investigated using pattern electroretinograms (PERG) recorded twice a year in 36 glaucoma patients over at least 2 years.Results Significative IOP reduction was observed in the Group A, PEA treated patients (16.94 ± 3.96 vs. 13.8 ± 3.24 mm Hg; P < 0.001).A statistically significant difference in the MD was found between the two groups (PEA treated, ‐2.9 dB±2.93; Placebo treated, ‐8.55 dB±6.51 P=0.001). Furthermore, the change in PSD reached statistical significance: PEA 2.63 dB ±1.47; Placebo 6.59 dB ±6.51 P=0.002. PERG amplitude decreased significantly (P<0.01) in patients treated with placebo compared with PEA. PEA tablets continued to be safe and well‐tolerated, with no drug‐related adverse events.Conclusion These findings show substantial clinical benefits of PEA treatment in POAG patients:reduction of IOP as well as significative improvement in visual field and PERG.
Case from hell in narrow angle glaucoma patient
Authors: VAN DE VEIRE S , WEBERS C , BECKERS H 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To present the complicated case of a young man with Bechterew uveitis and secondary glaucoma, who underwent glaucoma implant surgery.Methods From the age of 8 years he presented with multiple attacks of anterior uveitis of his right eye. Each attack was treated with high dose of corticosteroids, leading to pressure rise. Quickly tampering the amount of steroids lead to reactivation of his uveitis. From 2011 on, he developed intraocular pressures up to 40 mmHg, treated with local drops and acetazolamide.Results A tube implantation (Baerveldt 350) was performed with good eye pressure for the first 6 postoperative weeks continuing under maximal therapy (due to the Vicryl ligature). After these 6 weeks he developed multiple attacks of hypotony, for what an anterior chamber filling was performed each time with different types of viscoelasticum. After 3 attempts a bleb revision was performed, leading again to a massive intraocular pressure rise. Mainwhile the uveitis remained fairly inactive.Conclusion Patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis often have a very difficult intraocular pressure regulation. Their response to a Baerveldt implantation is really unpredictable. It is either too high or too low.
Bilateral progressive coats‐type exudative retinopathy in Usher syndrome type IIIA from c.528T>G Clarin 1 (CLRN1) mutation
Authors: KIVELÄ T , TÄLL M , LINDAHL P , IMMONEN I , LOUKOVAARA S , SANKILA EM 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To describe bilateral, progressive, Coats‐type exudative retinopathy in a boy with Usher syndrome type IIIA.Methods An interventional case report from a tertiary referral center.Results A 9‐year‐old boy with a hearing loss of medium severity diagnosed 4 y earlier developed nyctalopia and began to stumble on objects, leading to suspicion of a visual field defect. His visual acuity (VA) was 20/50 OD and 20/40 OS with no significant refractive error. The RPE was distinctly flecked. Dilated retinal vessels with a confluent accumulation of subretinal lipid were seen temporally, OD, and two similar smaller lesions without obvious vascular pathology, OS. The vitreous showed diffuse cellular or lipoid deposits. The ERG was almost isoelectric and Goldmann visual fields were constricted. Two months later, vision had deteriorated to 20/100 and exudates extended to the macula, OD. He underwent bilateral peripheral cryocoagulation. Genetic testing uncovered the predominant Finnish c.528T>G homozygous mutation of CLRN1 (clarin‐1). During the next 8 months, exudates slowly regressed with vision improvement to 20/40, OD, but the telangiectasias appeared leading to extension of exudation to the macular area, OS. Twenty months after a second cryocoagulation, OS, the exudates remain regressed bilaterally with 20/40 vision, OD, and 20/30 vision, OS.Conclusion Bilateral Coats‐like exudative retinopathy is well known from diverse types of retinitis pigmentosa and from Usher syndrome type II unrelated to CLRN1. It has not been reported in Usher syndrome type IIIA, which predominates in Finland, highlighting the possibility that other genes may may contribute to Coats’ type retinitis pigmentosa.
The effect of a Gas6 c.834+7G>a polymorphism and the interaction of known risk factors on AMD pathogenesis in Hungarian patients
Authors: LOSONCZY G , BALOGH I , VAJAS A , BERTA A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose We performed a case‐control study to search for genetic interactions and for differences in dry and wet age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis.Methods We enrolled 213 patients with exudative, 67 patients with dry AMD and 106 age and ethnically matched controls. Altogether 12 polymorphisms in Apolipoprotein E, complement factor H, complement factor I, complement component 3, blood coagulation factor XIII, HTRA1, LOC387715, Gas6 and MerTK genes were tested.Results No association was found between either the exudative or the dry form and the genetic backround in the case of Apolipoprotein E, complement factor I, FXIII and MerTK polymorphisms. Gas6 c.834+7G>A polymorphism was found to be significantly protective irrespective of other genotypes, reducing the odds of wet type AMD by a half (OR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.26‐0.97, p=0.04). Multiple regression models revealed a genetic interaction in the dry AMD subgroup. In the absence of a C3 risk allele, mutated alleles of both CFH and HTRA1 behaved as strongly significant risk factors (OR=7.96, 95%CI: 2.39=26.50, p=0.0007, and OR=36.02, 95%CI: 3.30‐393.02, p=0.0033, respectively), but reduced to neutrality otherwise. The risk allele of C3 was observed to carry a significant risk in the simultaneous absence of homozygous CFH and HTRA1 polymorphisms only, in which case it was associated with a near‐five‐fold relative increase in the odds of dry type AMD(OR=4.93, 95%CI: 1.98‐12.25, p=0.0006)Conclusion Our results shed light on the protective role of Gas6 c.834+7G>A polymorphism in exudative AMD development. In addition, novel genetic interactions were revealed in dry AMD pathogenesis.
Ocular morbidity Brazilian study: causes of visual impairment
Authors: VERONESE RODRIGUES ML , ARRUDA MELLO PA , COSTA PASSOS AD , REY DE FARIA MA , SOUZA CARVALHO R , KARA JOSÉ N , COLLABORATIVE GROUP N 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To determined the causes of visual impairment among patients seeking ophthalmic treatment, in secondary and tertiary level outpatients clinics, in Brazil.Methods The authors and the Collaborating Groups recorded the main complaints and diagnoses of all the new cases attended at 29 services that maintain Courses of Specialization in Ophthalmology accredited by the Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology (CBO) during a typical week for each one of them.Results Twenty‐nine centers from ten states in the five regions of the country participated, with a total 3,997 new cases registered and included in the study. Median patient age was 49 years and 42.9% were males. The most frequent complaint (50.1%) was gradual/chronic reduction of visual acuity. The frequency of visual deficiency (low vision and blindness) was 20,3%, and the main causes were Cataract (34.7%), Diseases of the retina (18.0%), Glaucoma (8.0%), Diseases of the Cornea (7.3%), Diseases of the Conjunctiva (5.3%) and non‐corrected Refractive Errors (4.9%). The bilateral blindness rate, among the 3,997 participants, was 3.10% and the main determinants were Cataract(36.3%), Diseases of the Retina (25.0%) and Glaucoma (6.5%).Conclusion As expected, the frequency of visual impairment in patients seeking eye care was higher than in general population, of regions with similar level of development. The study provided indicators for the establishment of ocular health actions and for the prevention of blindness in Brazil.
Activity and epidemiology of a recently‐opened ophthalmic emergency center in an University Hospital
Authors: AMELOOT F , AGRINIER N , MAALOUF T , ANGIOI K 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To investigate characteristics of ophthalmic emergencies in a new unit of emergency care in an University hospital in order to improve the management of patients.Methods Prospective monocentric cross‐sectional study of ophtalmic emergencies over a 2‐month period. All patients presenting themselves have been included. Patients characteristics, waiting‐time, pathology, and the reality of the emergency were analysed.Results 1506 patients were examined (average 24 per day). Mean age was 47 years and 60% were male. The median of waiting time was 30 minutes and 24% of patients were registered during the on‐call time. The main reasons for consultation were pain (37%), red eye (32%), vision loss (24%). The main diagnoses were ocular trauma (29%), ocular inflammation and infection (24%), normal examination and refractive error (13%). We have estimated that 38% of our patients did not need an ophthalmic specialized emergency examination or treatment. Numerus and various daily ophtalmic emergencies require relevant diagnosis and treatment. Better information of the population and prevention of trauma and infection could help to decrease the number and the severity of ophtalmic emergencies. An improvement of the general and emergency practitioners knowledges in regards to ophthalmic pathologies could allow them to diagnose and treat begnin cases.Conclusion There is a real need for a permanent ophthalmic emergency department. However patient education and an improvement of care network could allow us to focus on cases that require specialized cares.
Diabetic retinopathy in Greek Caucasian type 2 diabetic patients, relationship with polymorphism in the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2 genes
Authors: SOKOLAKIS TH , TSIRONI E , DARDIOTIS E , CHATZOULIS E , ZINZARAS E 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Diabetic retinopathy is a sight thratening chronic complication of diabetes and the leading cause of acquired blindness in adults.Population and family studies showed that pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy depends upon the interaction of several environmental and genetic factors. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2 is the major inhibitor of fibrinolysis and gene polymorphism has been related to hypofibrinolysis.Methods A case control study was carried out.Assesment of diabetic retinopathy was performed by ophthalmoscopy and fluoroangiography when indicated.The comparison of the groups of patients was performed according to the presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy.In each patient the genotype of pai‐1 and pai‐2 was determined using PCR and RFLP techniques.Results 246 controls & 352 cases observed SERPINB2 Statistical significance of the observed linkage disequilibrium: rs2070682 rs1050813 rs2227690 rs2227692 rs2227667 1.55e‐15 3.55e‐15 1.11e‐16 2.22e‐16 rs2070682 ‐ 2.22e‐16 1.78e‐15 0 rs1050813 ‐ ‐ 2.04e‐12 2.17e‐7 rs2227690 ‐ ‐ ‐ 3.02e‐8 Global result: Fisher's p value is 0.573984 Pearson's p value is 0.573939 SERPINE1 Statistical significance of the observed linkage disequilibrium: rs2070682 rs1050813 rs2227690 rs2227692 rs2227667 1.55e‐15 3.55e‐15 1.11e‐16 2.22e‐16 rs2070682 ‐ 2.22e‐16 1.78e‐15 0 rs1050813 ‐ ‐ 2.04e‐12 2.17e‐7 rs2227690 ‐ ‐ ‐ 3.02e‐8 Global result: Fisher's p value is 0.573984 Pearson's p value is 0.573939Conclusion Based on the primary analysis derived some important relationship between gene polymorphism and diabetic retinopathy that even last the bonferroni correction.
The Lid Wiper – a specialized structure at the inner eyelid margin for distribution of the tear film
Authors: KNOP E , KORB DR , BLACKIE CA , KNOP N 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The lid wiper is an epithelial structure at the inner eyelid border that distributes the thin precorneal tear film during the up‐phase of the blink. Clinically it is the first area of the ocular surface that shows epithelial alterations in dry eye disease.Methods A literature review on the posterior lid margin and lid wiper is discussed together with own data and considerations of the relevance of the lid wiper region in ocular surface physiology and pathology.Results The posterior side of the inner lid border has an epithelium of conjunctival morphology with goblet cells. It forms an elevation of about 100µm (10‐12 cell layers) thickness immediately at the crest of the inner border with a slope towards the subtarsal fold. The lid wiper hence forms a distinct epithelial lip that is the only region of the upper lid in contact with the globe as verified by functional tests. It extends along the upper and lower eyelid margins, has a width of typically about 1mm, narrower in the middle and wider to the temporal and nasal sides. The lid wiper of the upper lid appears as a suitable device to distribute the thin precorneal tear film during the blink as supported by the finding that in conditions with increased friction, such as dry eye disease and contact lens wear, the lid wiper is the first zone of the ocular surface that shows a pathological vital staining indicating epithelial destruction.Conclusion The lid wiper is of underestimated importance for tear film distribution and ocular surface integrity as well as a sensitive early indicator of dry eye disease. Integration and scoring of lid wiper epitheliopathy in dry eye diagnosis and therapy schemes could be a valuable addition to clinical practice. Support DFG KN317/11