bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coal Measures and Volcanism off the Fife Coast
Authors: Francis E. H. , Ewing C. J. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUnderground borings through the Lower and Middle Coal Measures beneath the Firth of Forth have proved sequences of rhythmically bedded volcanic detritus and a thin basalt lava. The detritus is believed to have been derived from a contemporaneous cinder cone or cones previously located by an off-shore boring. The new evidence suggests that locally there was an eastward shift of focus of eruption during Coal Measure times. The relationship of volcanism to this type of rhythmic sedimentation is discussed.
The Structure of Coccoliths from the English Chalk
Authors: Black Maurice , Barnes Barbara 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCarbon replicas of coccoliths examined under the electron microscope reveal structural details which are invisible under an oilimmersion microscope, but are essential for a systematic study of these minute bodies. In an appendix, one new genus and six new species are described. Some of these appear to have a limited vertical range within the English Chalk.
Upper Carboniferous Plant Spore Assemblages from the Gastrioceras subcrenatum Horizon, North Staffordshire
Authors: Neves R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFrom a locality in North Staffordshire. Microspore assemblages are described from the Six Inch Mine coal seam, the immediately overlying carbonaceous shales, and the marine shale bed. Marked differences occur within this thin sequence in the proportions of certain genera present; in particular, the dominance of Florinites in the marine shales is discussed. Whilst the proportionate numbers of genera vary, the actual species present are more or less the same, though a greater variety exists in the shales. Three new genera and seven new species are described.
Tectonic Regimes
Authors: Harland W. B. , Bayly M. B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe concept of tectonic regimes is developed so as to specify the symmetry and orientation of bulk deformation for use in tectonic analysis. Four symmetry patterns combined with possible arrangements of principal axes in vertical and horizontal directions as in a compression belt give thirteen regimes which are in turn defined and tentatively related to some known tectonic structures. A theoretical orogenic sequence of regimes is developed and the paper concludes with a review of some of the difficulties.
Alternating Pleistocene Morphogenetic Systems
Authors: Cotton C. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlternation of morphogenetic systems conditioned by wide swinging of climatic belts equatorward and poleward has been used to explain otherwise puzzling relict forms in many regions. A characteristic finely dissected landscape relief prevalent in some middle-latitude regions is in strong contrast with smoothed, coarse-textured, whalebacked, relatively featureless relief in others, notably western Europe, which are now in the humid-temperate zone. This latter is believed to be relict from the periglacial regimes of Pleistocene ice ages. In New Zealand where the former landscape type is typically developed, there has also been quite strong “periglaciation”, and in Europe running-water erosion cannot but have operated to some extent in interglacial ages. It appears that the periglacial smoothing has been pushed to the extreme limit in Europe but that its effects have been neutralized in New Zealand by the vigour of dissection in the alternating warm ages. Periglacial smothering, or “fossilization”, of fine-textured relief, which has been followed by renewed fine dissection, is very common at Wellington, New Zealand. The reasons are not clear why running water should have been (and should still be) more efficient in dissecting the New Zealand landscape than that of Europe, so that the relict periglacial landscape remains intact in the latter region.
High-level Gravels in and near the Lower Severn Valley
Authors: Hey R. W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Woolridge Terrace gravels of the lower Severn are re-examined, and certain high-level gravels west of the Severn valley examined for the first time. It is concluded that the deposits are of two different ages. The older series is probably the outwash of a Severn valley glacier, the younger was laid down by a stream coming from the Silurian hills near Ledbury. A Gipping age is suggested for both.
Composition of Pelites from Connemara, Co. Galway, Ireland
Authors: Leake Bernard E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSeventeen Connemara pelites have been chemically and modally analysed and a garnet, a staurolite, and a biotite from them chemically analysed. The results show that these pelites are rather poor in silica and rich in alumina and total iron. It is believed that this was an original feature of the composition.
New Occurrences of Fish Remains in the Silurian of the Welsh Borderland
Authors: Squirrell H. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe important records of fish remains in the Ludlow Series and Ludlow Bone Bed of the Welsh Borderland are summarized. New occurrences of thelodont and acanthodian denticles in the Llandovery, Wenlock, and Ludlow Series of the Welsh Borderland, and the rocks in which they occur, are described.
A note on kyanite in the Moine Series of Southern Ross-shire, and a review of related rocks in the Northern Highlands of Scotland
Authors: Clifford T. N. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNew occurrences of kyanite-bearing schists in the Moine Series in southern Ross-shire demonstrate the order of appearance of the typomorphic minerals staurolite, kyanite, garnet, and sillimanite, and are of significance in elucidating the relationship of regional metamorphism to orogenesis. The scarcity of kyanite in the Northern Highlands is the result of both isochemical and allo-chemical effects, and its distribution is compared with that of its polymorphs andalusite and sillimanite.
Post-Tectonic Granite-Gabbro Complexes in South-eastern Queensland
Authors: Gradwell R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWork on post-tectonic complexes in South-eastern Queensland has led to a general hypothesis concerning their formation. The earliest rocks, the gabbros, are intrusive, and these are followed by metamorphic trondhjemitic types which become progressively more granodioritic and finally granitic. The true granites act intrusively towards the earlier rocks of the complex.
Weathering and Subsurface Erosion in Granite at The Piedmont Angle, Balos, Sudan
Authors: Ruxton B. P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSub-surface erosion is intensely active in weathered granite debris at the scarp foot of Jebel Qasim. Powerful flushes of sub-surface water after heavy rain remove much of the decomposing feldspar partly by solution and partly by mechanical eluviation. The sedentary debris gradually contracts as the feldspar is removed and when removal is nearing completion the debris may become compacted. The compacted debris occupies less than 40 per cent by volume of the granite from which it was derived.The upper fringing pediment around this hill is mantled by moist incoherent debris holding small local pockets of water which persist throughout the dry season. Annual recharge of this sub-surface water ensures intense weathering in the debris.The combination of intense weathering and sub-surface erosion with ensuing contraction of the debris occurring just below the piedmont angle may be sufficient to explain the maintenance of this angle during slope retreat.
Some Discordant Fold Structures from the Dalradian of Craignish, Argyll, and Rosguill, Co. Donegal
Authors: Knill J. L. , Knill D. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe paper describes minor fold structures, from the Dalradian of Scotland and Donegal which, following their formation, appear to have suffered partial rotation. These folds lie with their axial directions at an angle to the regional fold pattern.
The Cretaceous Succession in Jamaica
Authors: Chubb L. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThere are wide divergencies between the views of different authors as to the correlation of the Jamaican Cretaceous rocks, the extreme views being (a) that the range covered is Albian to Turonian, and (b) that the rocks are mainly or wholly Maestrichtian in age.An examination of all known occurrences of the rudist genera Barrettia and Titanosarcolites in the Antillean and Central American area suggests that the oft-repeated statement that these two genera occur in association is erroneous. In Jamaica the Barrettia Limestone lies at least 2,500 ft. below the Titanosarcolites Limestone.Six palaeontological zones may be recognized in the Cretaceous of Jamaica, each containing its own peculiar assemblage of fossils, and with very few species common to two zones. Evidence is brought forward that only the highest part, comprising the uppermost two zones, should be included in the Maestrichtian, that the underlying shale is Campanian, that the Barrettia Limestone and associated shales are Turonian, and that the lowest zone at present known is Cenomanian.
Wealden Plant Microfossils
Authors: Hughes N. F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOne new and several re-interpreted species of Lower Cretaceous age are included in Pyrobolospora, a new organ-genus of large spores bearing neck structures; in Triletes (section Aphanozonati) are placed two other species of megaspores, one emended and one new. These are a small part of a distinctive Wealden assemblage of plant microfossils, which represents a critical period in plant evolution and which should play its part in stratigraphy. Certain difficulties in nomenclature and morphology are discussed.
The Geomorphology and Tectonics of the Gebel Akhdar (Cyrenaica)
Authors: Hey R. W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe main topographical features of the Gebel Akhdar are described, and attributed to various phases of marine and subaerial erosion. The tectonic structures of the Gebel are also described, and their relations to the erosional features are examined. On this basis an attempt is made to reconstruct the Late Tertiary history of the region in terms of earth-movements and erosional phases; this is a period for which normal stratigraphical evidence is almost non-existent.
The Supposed Moinian Basal Conglomerate at Glen Strathfarrar, Inverness-shire
Authors: Ramsay John G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAt various localities along the contact of the Moine Series with the supposed Lewisian Inlier at Glen Strathfarrar structures resembling those of a conglomerate have been described. New evidence is brought forward which suggests that these structures are of tectonic origin and were produced by the disruption of competent bands in an incompetent matrix.
Zonal Variations in Selected Morphological Features of Echinocorys scutata Leske
Authors: Willcox N. R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSelected morphological features in the test of zonal assemblages of Echinocorys scutata Leske from the Upper Chalk of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Hampshire, and Wiltshire, have been examined and measured. The results suggest that the changes observed in these characters at certain levels in the Chalk would have made Echinocorys more suited to a burrowing or partially burrowing habit. These adaptations are associated with lithological indications of shallow water deposition. It is suggested that the shallowing of the sea was the environmental stimulus behind the adaptations towards a burrowing mode of life.
Gravity Measurements over the Northern Pennines
Authors: Bott M. H. P. , Masson-Smith D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGravity measurements over the Northern Pennines indicate the presence of a buried acid intrusion under Upper Weardale, from which the mineralization there has originated. The negative Bouguer anomaly is presumed due to direct density contrast between the acid intrusion and the country rock, and is consistent with a magmatic origin.
The Bearing of Rolled Garnets on the Concept of b-lineation in Moine Rocks
Authors: McLachlan G. R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA preliminary examination of Moine rocks containing rolled garnets from three widely spaced localities in the North-West Highlands indicates that the lineation in all cases is parallel to b. This is in accord with Phillips' theory that the metamorphism of the Moine schists was due to movement in a north-easterly or south-westerly direction. A Caledonian age for the metamorphism of the Moines therefore appears to be unlikely.
A Study of the Type-Species of the BlastoidCodasterMcCoy
Authors: Joysey Kenneth A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDuring a study of a Carboniferous blastoid fauna from Grassington, Yorkshire, over a thousand blastoids were collected, of which 45 individuals were referred to the genusCodaster. This study has left no doubt that the two speciesCodaster acutusMcCoy andCodaster trilobatusMcCoy are synonymous.Codaster trilobatus(in the sense of McCoy's original description), is an old age form, its characteristic feature only being attained by a minority of long-lived individuals.Codaster acutusMcCoy is the valid name, being the first described, and is also the type-species for the genus. In order to supplement observation on these specimens, biometrical methods have been employed to study the relative growth of the height, diameter, and number of hydrospires.
Survey of Two Drowned River Valleys in Devon
Authors: McFarlane P. B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSeismic refraction surveys of the rock channels of the River Erme (S. Devon) and the Rivers Tawe and Torridge (N. Devon) suggest that at the time these were eroded the sea-level relative to land stood some 150 ft. lower than at present. Echo-sounding and sea-bed sampling off S. Devon have failed to reveal any trace of ancient channels in the sea floor at distances greater than one mile from shore.
Zoned Hydrothermal Bodies in the Serpentinite Mass of Glen Urquhart (Inverness-shire)
Authors: Francis G. H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFive bodies with either visible or inferred mineral zoning occur in the serpentinite mass in Glen Urquhart. Their mineralogy and petrology suggest a hydrothermal origin, and they are grouped with other hydrothermal injection phenomena in the glen thought go be phases of Older Granite activity. The two northern bodies seem clearly similar to simple vein deposits characterized by albitite without excess alumina (corundum). The origin of the remaining three bodies is discussed and the view that they too are deposits of albitite-type is favoured. They lack an exposed albitite zone, but this does not invalidate the comparison. Albitite deposits, it is suggested, originate where moving hydrothermal solutions from granites cut ultrabasic rocks. This origin for the veins is preferred to Larsen's (1928) suggestion that the hydrothermal veins represent late-stage sodic residual liquids left after the crystallization of most of the material of “ ultrabasic magmas ”.
A Myalina fauna from the Namurian of North Ayrshire
Authors: Bennison G. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Maich Shell Bed of the Limestone Coal Group of the Carboniferous of North Ayrshire bears a dominantly lamellibranch fauna but includes the brachiopod Lingula squamiformis Phillips. The majority of the shells are here referred to Myalina magna (Hind). An emended description of this species is given, and its affinities with certain species of Myalina and Naiadites from the Namurian and Lower Carboniferous are discussed. The variation in the Myalina community and the distortion due to crushing are examined, and an attempt made to distinguish between them.
The Geology of the Islands of South Connemara
Authors: McKie Duncan , Burke Kevin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe exposed part of the metamorphic envelope on the south side of the Galway granite is described. It is characterized by the presence of pillow lavas and a thick greywacke series containing intraforma-tional conglomerates. This South Connemara Series is tentatively assigned to the Ordovician; such a correlation would require the Galway granite to be a laconic intrusion.
The Problem of Facies Changes and Sliding, South of Loch Leven, Argyllshire
Authors: Hardie W. G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAll the bedded rocks outcropping within the fault-intrusion of Glencoe, south and west of Garbh Bheinn summit (2,835 feet, Text-fig. 1), are shown to be exotic. They probably represent down-sloped fragments of the now eroded roof of the intrusion. This change of interpretation completely invalidates the theory of rapid facies changes, proposed by the writer in 1952. New evidence relating to the remarkable thickness variation of the Binnein Quartzite on the eastern side of the Garbh Bheinn downfold is also discussed.
Tear Faults in the Barnesmore area, Donegal
Authors: Leedal G. P. , Walker G. P. L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTear faults cutting the Barnesmore Granite in County Donegal are described. The Lough Belshade fault trends N.E.–S.W., and there has been a lateral movement along it in a left-handed or sinistral sense of 2·2 miles; it is believed to be of the same age as the Great Glen Fault. The Barnes Lough Fault crosses and displaces the Lough Belshade fracture, and may be, in part at least, Tertiary. Although the movement along it is much smaller, it has taken place in the opposite sense.
A Study of Calcite Twinning in the Strathavon Marble, Banffshire
Authors: Clark R. H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIt is possible, from study of twinned calcite grains in a thin section of marble, to locate the most probable positions of the applied stresses likely to have caused the twinning. By this means inferences may be drawn as to the stress system operative during the late stage deformation of the marble.Marble outcrops over an area of about 5 square miles, in the Tomintoul region of the Scottish Highlands, have been investigated. It has been found that a consistent stress pattern exists for the area as a whole. The calcite twinning can best be explained by a N.E.–S.W. compression applied normal to the trend of the regional fold axis, followed by a mild N.–S. squeeze.
On the Occurrence of Anthraconauta tenuis (Davies and Trueman) in North Staffordshire
Authors: Myers J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe finding of Anthraconauta tenuis (Davies and Trueman) at Etruria, North Staffordshire, just above the basal limestone of the Newcastle-under-Lyme Beds suggests that the base of the Tenuis Zone, hitherto placed at the base of the Keele Beds, should be brought down to the base of the Newcastle-under-Lyme Beds.
The Petrography of Dickitic Sandstones in North Wales and Northern England
Authors: Smithson Frank , Brown George 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe clay mineral, dickite, is a common rock-forming mineral of many Carboniferous sandstones in North Wales and Northern England and of Middle Jurassic sandstones over much of North-East Yorkshire. It occurs as well-shaped authigenic crystals associated with highly altered mineral assemblages, including partly dissolved feldspar which is one of the probable sources of the alumina and silica.
Thrusting and other movements in the Durham Permian
Authors: Trechmann C. T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Permian in Durham is the most internally disturbed of the newer or covering beds of England. In deep borings it is a dark dolomitic rock full of sulphates and chlorides; at the surface it has quite a different appearance. The Permian and overlying Secondary beds seem to have been lowered by downwarping. During the subsequent differential uplift and denudation the area remained a land surface and the sulphates were removed by penetrating water, not by subaerial weathering. Horizontal and low angle thrusts occur in the Sunderland area above about the middle of the underlying Coal Measure basin. The movements may have been induced by diminution in rock volume following solution and segregation accompanied by attraction or packing together of the mass of the formation.
Solution Subsidence Outliers of Millstone Grit on the Carboniferous Limestone of the North Crop of the South Wales Coalfield
Authors: Thomas Trevor M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA record has been made of the outliers of Basal Grit occurring on the Limestone of the North Crop of the South Wales Coalfield, some of which have not previously been located. The solution subsidence theory to account for their present anomalous levels when compared with the parent Grit outcrop to the south has been enlarged upon, and an attempt has been made to determine the mechanism of this subsidence which ranges in vertical extent up to a maximum of approximately 600 feet. The outliers are of economic importance since their predominant crumbly quartzose sandstones are a source of almost pure silica sand.
Negative Gravity Anomalies over Acid “Intrusions” and their Relation to the Structure of the Earth's Crust
Authors: Bott M. H. P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe results of gravity surveys over various exposed and buried acid intrusions are summarized. Some sample density determinations are discussed. It is found that the acid intrusions considered are almost invariably associated with negative Bouguer anomalies, which are certainly often caused by direct density contrast between the less dense acid intrusive, and the denser country rock. This has two immediate implications. (1) Large negative Bouguer anomalies over “granites” may suggest magmatic origin. (2) These gravity anomalies, supported by seismological and seismic evidence, and the petrological distribution of igneous rocks, lead to the postulation of a denser “metasedimentary” layer overlying the “granitic” layer. The bearing of this on the mechanism of intrusion is briefly discussed.
Bajocian Ammonites Collected by Sir Henry Hayden near Kampadzong, Tibet
Authors: Arkell W. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSeven species of ammonites from the Lungma Limestone of Tibet are described and figured. The assemblage is Middle Bajocian, of the Sowerbyi and Sauzei Zones, and possible also Humphriesianum Zone, and indicates that the formation is condensed. Its affinities are chiefly with European faunas, but it has one species in common with the Pamirs and another with Western Australia.
Current-Bedding in the Moine Series of North-Western Scotland
Authors: Wilson Gilbert , Watson Janet , Sutton John 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis note records a number of observations of orientation of current-bedding in the Moine Series of Inverness-shire, Wester Ross and Sutherland, in the North-Western Highlands of Scotland. The foreset beds have been found to have a dominant dip towards the north, thus suggesting that the Currents responsible for the transport of the material forming these beds flowed from the south.
A Metamorphic Boundary in the Moine Schists of the Morar and Knoydart Districts of Inverness-shire
Authors: Lambert R. St. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA re-examination of the Moine—Sub-Moine boundary of the Morar dome shows it to be a zone of transition between two metamorphic states. Some notes on the structure accompany a mineralogical description of the changes across the boundary; discussion is made of evidence that the metamorphic boundary transgresses the geological boundaries. The schists of the core are thought to be in a lower metamorphic state than those of the envelope.