bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of CAD–CAE programs taking account of the opinions of students and teachers
Authors: Díaz Lantada Andrés , Lafont Morgado Pilar , Munoz‐Guijosa Juan Manuel , Echávarri Otero Javier , Muñoz Sanz José Luis 
Published: December 2010

AbstractComputer‐aided design or simulation courses are usually focused on the use of a single CAD–CAE package, chosen according to specific criteria or final application. However, on the “Expert in CAD–CAE Technologies” course, taught annually at the Machine Engineering Division of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, we have chosen a multidisciplinary approach based on the use of three different CAD–CAE software packages, as the following paragraph will describe. This work details the results of a comparison between the CAD–CAE programs taught on that course (NX‐6, Catia v.5 r.17 and Solid Edge v.20). The work has been conducted taking into account the opinions of students and teachers on important technical and practical aspects concerning the different design, simulation and calculation modules. With this comparison, it is hoped to attain a progressive increase in teaching quality by bearing in mind students' satisfaction with their own learning as a relevant factor, in accordance with the guidelines set by the Bologna Declaration regarding the implementation of the European Higher Education Area and the new quality assessment trends in teaching. Studies similar to this one may be highly useful when assessing whether the use of different software will be sufficient, as well as in situations where a choice needs to be made from among several programs in order to promote some particularly important aspect or activity. The opinions of teachers as well as students are important, particularly when students are seeking a job in Industry, as it is possible to take some urgent and very necessary steps that will meet the requirements demanded in job interviews. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 641–656, 2013
Learning hydraulic turbomachinery with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes
Authors: Pujol T. , Montoro L. , Pelegrí M. , González J. R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn fluid mechanics courses of engineering curricula, theoretical performance curves of hydraulic turbines are obtained by means of simple analytical expressions that tend to overestimate experimental data. As we show here in the analysis of a laboratory‐scale Pelton wheel, a much deeper physical insight can be achieved by means of general‐purpose commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software programs, becoming a suitable tool for academic activities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 684–690, 2013
An educational laboratory virtual EES for encouraging the use of computer programming in thermal engineering problems
Authors: Zueco Joaquín 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGeneral computational software systems (such as Mathcad, Matlab, Techplot, LabView, Fluent, EES (Engineering Equation Solver), and Mathematica) with great flexibility are available for use on personal computers. This paper examines the application of one of these systems, EES, to a number of preliminary thermal sciences calculations, being a generalized EES. This software is a powerful equation solver with built‐in functions and property tables for thermodynamics and transport properties as well as automatic unit checking capability. Application examples include close system of mix adiabatic of ideals gases and simple and generalized counter‐flow cooling tower system. This program has demonstrated to be a useful tool that offers great flexibility and generality as well as congruence with problem formulation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 691–697, 2013
A Modified Epigenetics Toolbox to Study Histone Modifications on the Nucleosome Core
Authors: Frederiks Floor , Stulemeijer Iris J. E. , Ovaa Huib , van Leeuwen Fred 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the eukaryotic cell nucleus, the DNA is packaged in a structure called chromatin. The fundamental building block of chromatin is the nucleosome, which is composed of DNA wrapped around an octamer of four distinct histone proteins. Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins can affect chromatin structure and function and thereby play critical roles in regulating gene expression. Most histone PTMs are found in unstructured histone tails that protrude from the nucleosome core. As a consequence, (synthetic) peptide truncations of these tails provide convenient substrates for the analysis of histone binding proteins and modifying enzymes. Modifications located on residues that reside in the nucleosome core are more difficult to study because short peptides do not recapitulate this defined structured state well. Methylation of histone H3 on Lys79 (H3K79), mediated by the Dot1 enzyme, is an example of such a core PTM. This modification, which is highly conserved, is linked to human leukemia, and pharmacological modulation of Dot1 activity could be a strategy to treat leukemia. Here we review the available and emerging genetic, biochemical, and chemical methods that together are starting to reveal the function and regulation of this and other histone modifications on the nucleosome core.
Experimental Results and Model for N‐Gas Compound Production in Pure Steam Gasification for Wastewater Sewage Sludge
Authors: Ferrasse J.‐H. , Dumas C. , Roche N. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSewage sludge produced in wastewater treatment plants represent a significant portion of waste resulting from human activity and it is important to offer new ways of treatment. Thermal gasification of sludge is a promising thermal treatment, particularly because it can lead to a recovery of energy and a drastic reduction in the initial waste volume. However, it is a subject that has rarely been treated in the literature for sewage sludge. In particular, the nitrogen compounds present in significant quantities in the sewage sludge and their reactions during a thermal gasification step, must necessarily be taken into account. In order to study nitrogen behavior, this paper presents experimental results that are included in a model to predict NH3 emission.
Adaptive Robust Generic Model Control of High‐Purity Internal Thermally Coupled Distillation Column
Authors: Liu X. , Wang C. , Cong L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe internal thermally coupled distillation column (ITCDIC) is a frontier in energy‐saving distillation research. The process inside a high‐purity ITCDIC is of great nonlinear dynamics, which trouble the conventional control schemes. A multivariable adaptive robust generic model control (ARGMC) is presented to solve the difficulties, where an ARX model is derived and a recursive least squares estimation (RLSE) method is introduced. The benzene/toluene system is studied as an illustrative example. The results of ARGMC are compared with the robust generic model control (RGMC) and traditional PID control in detail. The performances in both servo control and regulatory control confirm the accuracy and validity of ARGMC for the high‐purity ITCDIC process.
Transmission of Alkali Aerosols through Sampling Systems
Authors: Kowalski T. , Judex J. , Schildhauer T. J. , Ludwig C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn biomass gasification, particles such as condensed alkali salts pose a threat on equipment. Due to high loads of condensable tars in the gases, sampling of these particles to liquids and subsequent analysis of the liquid is frequently the method of choice for measuring the alkali concentration in the gas. However, little is known about the collection efficiency of liquid sampling devices. By measuring the aerosol transmission using a surface ionization detector, two continuous sampling systems are compared with conventional impinger bottles. A low collection efficiency for the latter was found, but down to nearly zero transmission for the continuous sampling systems. The main mechanisms for mass transfer from gas to liquid are discussed with emphasis on particle removal in gas slugs in two‐phase flow inside tubes of the sampling system.
Variation in likelihood ratios for forensic evidence evaluation of XTC tablets comparison
Authors: Bolck Annabel , Alberink Ivo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn forensic comparison casework, where it is investigated whether items are from the same source, the likelihood ratio (LR) is a measure for evaluating the strength of evidence of the observed (dis)similarity between these items. The paper concentrates on evaluation of various LR models for comparison of XTC tablets from different production batches. Starting from a two‐level random effect model, where means are considered random, the distribution of these means may be assumed normal or approximated by kernel density estimations (KDEs), and variation in the data may or may not be allowed to differ per batch. It is investigated what effect the corresponding model and estimation choices have on the distribution of LRs for same‐ and different‐batch comparisons. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening design for computer experiments: metamodelling of a deterministic mathematical model of the mammalian circadian clock
Authors: Tøndel Kristin , Gjuvsland Arne B. , Måge Ingrid , Martens Harald 
Published: December 2010

AbstractComputer simulations are faster and cheaper than physical experiments. Still, if the system has many factors to be manipulated, experimental designs may be needed in order to make computer experiments more cost‐effective. Determining the relevant parameter ranges within which to set up a factorial experimental design is a critical and difficult step in the practical use of any formal statistical experimental planning, be it for screening or optimisation purposes. Here we show how a sparse initial range finding design based on a reduced multi‐factor multi‐level design method—the multi‐level binary replacement (MBR) design—can reveal the region of relevant system behaviour. The MBR design is presently optimised by generating a number of different confounding patterns and choosing the one giving the highest score with respect to a space‐spanning criterion. The usefulness of this optimised MBR (OMBR) design is demonstrated in an example from systems biology: A multivariate metamodel, emulating a deterministic, nonlinear dynamic model of the mammalian circadian clock, is developed based on data from a designed computer experiment. In order to allow the statistical metamodel to represent all aspects of the biologically relevant model behaviour, the relevant parameter ranges have to be spanned. The use of an initial OMBR design for finding the widest possible parameter ranges resulting in a stable limit cycle for the mammalian circadian clock model is demonstrated. The same OMBR design is subsequently applied within the selected, relevant sub‐region of the parameter space to develop a functional metamodel based on PLS regression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐level binary replacement (MBR) design for computer experiments in high‐dimensional nonlinear systems
Authors: Martens Harald , Måge Ingrid , Tøndel Kristin , Isaeva Julia , Høy Martin , Sæbø Solve 
Published: December 2010

AbstractComputer experiments are useful for studying a complex system, e.g. a high‐dimensional nonlinear mathematical model of a biological or physical system. Based on the simulation results, an empirical “metamodel” may then be developed, emulating the behavior of the model in a way that is faster to compute and easier to understand. In modelometrics, the model phenome of a computer model is recorded, once and for all, by structured simulations according to a factorial design in the model inputs, and with high‐dimensional profiling of its simulation outputs. A multivariate metamodel is then developed, by multivariate analysis of the input–output data, akin to how high‐dimensional data are analyzed in chemometrics. To reveal strongly nonlinear input–output relationships, the factorial design must probe the design space at many different levels for each of the many input factors. A reduced factorial design method may be required if combinatorial explosion is to be avoided. In the multi‐level binary replacement (MBR) design the levels of each input factor are represented as binary numbers, and all the individual binary factor bits are then combined in a fractional factorial (FF) design. The experiment size can thereby be greatly reduced at the price of some binary confounding. The MBR method is here described and then illustrated for the optimization of a nonlinear model of a microbiological growth curve with five design factors, for finding the relevant region in the design space, and subsequently for estimating the optimal design points in that space. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remodelling and pathology development associated with aneurysmal ascending aortic tissues
Authors: Tremblay Dominique , Leask Richard L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe human ascending aorta (AA) is exposed to very high shear and pressure stresses exerted by the blood flow ejected from the left ventricle outflow tract. This vessel has a unique structural behaviour which adequately redistributes the energy captured from the blood flow ejection to sustain a more continuous blood flow through the entire vascular system. Unfortunately, this vessel is prone to a pathological dilation process involving significant structural changes that can lead to fundamental modification of its mechanical behaviour and functions. Genetic and/or environmental factors have been implicated in the disease process. It is believed that in particular the forces created by blood flow (hemodynamics) can be a stimulus for vessel remodelling. For patients suffering from this deadly condition, surgical replacement or repair is the best solution to increase life expectancy. However, the replacement materials available as a treatment have a significant impact on the blood flow, the biomechanics of the aortic arch, and the entire vascular system. In this review we summarise the current understanding of the pathogenesis mechanisms involved in the dilation of the AA from a mechanical and biochemical point of view. We will also underline the needs for better replacement materials in surgical repair to improve graft patency.
Density functional modelling in multiphase compositional hydrodynamics
Authors: Demianov Alexander , Dinariev Oleg , Evseev Nikolay 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis work is essentially a review of a density functional approach in multiphase hydrodynamics developed by the authors during the last 15 years [Dinariev, J Appl Math Mech 1995;59(5):745–752; Dinariev, J Appl Math Mech 1998;62(3):397–405; Demyanov and Dinariev, Fluid Dynam 2004;39(6):933–944; Demianov et al., “Basics of the Density Functional Theory in Hydrodynamics,” Fizmatlit, Moscow; 2009 (in Russian); Dinariev and Evseev, Fluid Dynam 2010;45(1):85–95]. The basic assumption is a representation of the entropy or the Helmholtz energy of the mixture as a functional that is dependent upon chemical component densities. The hydrodynamic system of equations (local conservation laws for chemical components, momentum, and energy) is used to describe multiphase processes, and the constitutive relations (expressions for stresses, diffusion, and heat fluxes) are derived from entropy growth requirement. The authors present the results of numerical simulations describing static and dynamic multiphase systems.
In vitro biomedical applications of functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles, including those not related to magnetic properties
Authors: Burtea Carmen , Laurent Sophie , Mahieu Isabelle , Larbanoix Lionel , Roch Alain , Port Marc , Rousseaux Olivier , Ballet Sébastien , Murariu Oltea , Toubeau Gérard , Corot Claire , Vander Elst Luce , Muller Robert N. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSuperparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are very promising contrast media, especially for molecular imaging, due to their superior NMR efficacy. They even have wider biomedical applications such as in drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering and bioseparation, or as sensitive biological nanosensors. By coupling them to affinity ligands, SPION can bind to drugs, proteins, enzymes, antibodies or nucleotides. For in vitro biomedical applications, the detection of molecular interaction is possible by using a diversity of systems capable of sensing the magnetic properties of these materials. The goal of the present work was to develop and validate various in vitro biomedical applications of ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO), including some that are not related to their magnetic properties. USPIO coated with dextran, starch or bisphosphonate exposing carboxylate groups were synthesized and some of them were functionalized by conjugating various biomolecules, such as biotin, streptavidin and apoptosis, or VCAM‐1 specific peptides. The in vitro biomedical applications assessed in the present work included: (1) the relaxometric measurement of antibody concentration, cell receptor expression, molecular interaction, and enzymatic activity in aqueous suspensions; (2) MRI visualization of cells and detection of molecular interaction in an ELISA system; (3) ELISA applications of USPIO derivatives; and (4) detection of specific biomolecules by histochemistry. Our results confirm that rapid and simple in vitro detection of a diversity of functionalized SPION with relevance in medicine is possible by the existing NMR techniques and by chemical staining reactions. The protocols can be applied to minimally prepared biological samples (e.g. whole blood, blood plasma or serum, cell suspensions, biopsies, histological preparations, etc.), and often do not need complicated systems of signal amplification. The use of SPION labeled compounds could furthermore contribute to cost reductions in the diagnosis and in patient care. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ixabepilone, mitoxantrone, and prednisone for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer after docetaxel‐based therapy
Authors: Harzstark Andrea L. , Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Weinberg Vivian K. , Sharib Jeremy , Ryan Charles J. , Smith David C. , Pagliaro Lance C. , Beer Tomasz M. , Liu Glenn , Small Eric J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Mitoxantrone plus prednisone and ixabepilone each have modest activity as monotherapy for second‐line chemotherapy in patients with docetaxel‐refractory castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Clinical noncross‐ resistance was previously observed. Phase 1 testing determined the maximum tolerated dose and dose‐limiting toxicities with the combination regimen; a phase 2 study was conducted to evaluate the activity of the combination.METHODS:Patients with metastatic progressive castration‐resistant prostate cancer during or after 3 or more cycles of taxane‐based chemotherapy enrolled in a phase 2 multicenter study of ixabepilone 35 mg/m2 and mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2 administered on Day 1 every 21 days with pegfilgrastim support, along with prednisone 5 mg twice daily. Patients were evaluated for disease response and toxicity.RESULTS:Results are reported for the 56 evaluable patients. Twenty‐five (45%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 31%‐59%) experienced confirmed ≥50% prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) declines, 33 (59%; 95% CI, 45%‐72%) experienced confirmed ≥30% PSA declines, and 8 of 36 patients (22%; 95% CI, 10%‐39%) with measurable disease experienced objective responses. Median time to PSA or objective progression was 4.4 months (95% CI, 3.5‐5.6), and median progression‐free survival was also 4.4 months (95% CI, 3.0‐6.0). Median overall survival was 12.5 months (95% CI, 10.2‐15.9). Thirty‐two percent of patients experienced grade 3 of 4 neutropenia, and 11% experienced grade 3 or higher neutropenic infections, including 1 treatment‐related death. Grade 2 and 3 neuropathy occurred in 11% and 12.5% of patients, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that the combination of ixabepilone and mitoxantrone is both feasible and active in castration‐resistant prostate cancer and requires dosing with pegfilgrastim. Cancer 2011;. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Satisfaction with ovarian carcinoma risk‐reduction strategies among women at high risk for breast and ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Westin Shannon N. , Sun Charlotte C. , Lu Karen H. , Schmeler Kathleen M. , Soliman Pamela T. , Lacour Robin A. , Johnson Kristin G. , Daniels Molly S. , Arun Banu K. , Peterson Susan K. , Bodurka Diane C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Women who are at high risk for breast and ovarian cancer have 2 major management options to reduce their risk of ovarian cancer: periodic screening (PS) or risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO). Little is known regarding patient satisfaction levels with risk‐reduction strategies. Thus, the authors sought to determine levels of patient satisfaction with PS versus RRSO and to identify factors that may influence satisfaction.METHODS:As part of a larger study, women who received testing for the breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 were sent a follow‐up questionnaire packet to explore issues related to cancer risk reduction. The authors report on the results from a variety of validated instruments, including the Satisfaction With Decision (SWD) scale, focused on the choice between PS and RRSO.RESULTS:In total, 544 surveys were mailed, and 313 responses were received (58%). The overall satisfaction rate among respondents was high. The median SWD score was significantly higher in the RRSO group compared with the PS group (P < .001). BRCA mutation carriers had higher median SWD scores regardless of management type (P = .01). Low satisfaction scores were associated with high levels of uncertainty and the perception that the decision between PS and RRSO was difficult to make (P = .001). Satisfaction was unrelated to demographics, clinical factors, or concerns of cancer risk.CONCLUSIONS:In the current study, the majority of women who were at high risk for breast and ovarian cancer were satisfied with their choice of risk‐reduction strategy. Difficulty with decision making was associated with lower satisfaction levels. Improved education and support through the decision‐making process may enhance overall levels of satisfaction. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A note from history: Landmarks in history of cancer, part 2
Authors: Hajdu Steven I. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEvents that took place in medicine during the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries signaled the end of the Dark Ages. The Renaissance movement, spreading from Italy across Europe, ended the religious and public prohibitions that had prevented progress in medicine. Pioneer physicians and surgeons who gave their attention to discoveries in anatomy, physiology, and chemistry established the foundations for tumor pathology, surgical oncology, and medical oncology. This review is a summary of their accomplishments. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
FRET in Cell Biology: Still Shining in the Age of Super‐Resolution?
Authors: Grecco Hernán E. , Verveer Peter J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractInterest in imaging of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in biological systems has been steadily increasing in the last 30 years. The ability to transduce a near‐field interaction into a far‐field signal has provided a unique optical tool to assess biological phenomena well below the resolution of standard optical microscopy. In recent years, sub‐diffraction microscopy techniques have achieved maturation and are increasingly used in biological applications. As the resolution of these methods increases they will slowly encroach on the domains where FRET is now dominant. Herein we review the major applications in biological FRET imaging and we discuss the possibilities and challenges in the super‐resolution era.