bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LB-BMBC: MHBiaffine-CNN to Capture Span Scores with BERT Injected with Lexical Information for Chinese NER
Authors: Guo Tao , Zhang Zhichao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA substantial body of research has shown that introducing lexical information in Chinese Named Entity Recognition (NER) tasks can enhance the semantic and boundary information of Chinese words. However, in most methods, the introduction of lexical information occurs at the model architecture level, which cannot fully leverage the lexicon learning capability of pre-trained models. Therefore, we propose seamless integration of external Lexicon knowledge into the Transformer layer of BERT. Additionally, we have observed that in span-based recognition, adjacent spans have special spatial relationships. To capture this relationship, we extend the work after Biaffine and use Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to treat the score matrix as an image, allowing us to interact with the spatial relationships of spans. Our proposed LB-BMBC model was experimented on four publicly available Chinese NER datasets: Resume, Weibo, OntoNotes v4, and MSRA. In particular, during ablation experiments, we found that CNN can significantly improve performance.
Rosehip tea as a possible cause of acute interstitial nephritis
Authors: Chandler Andrew , Mahmood Arslan , Yang Yihe , Moses Andrew A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate in the renal interstitium. The etiology of AIN is broad with the most common cause being medications. Treatment includes removal of the offending agent, glucocorticoid therapy, and immunosuppression. Rosehips are a fruit produced from wild roses that are often used in teas and herbal supplements. They are reported to have anti-inflammatory effects and sought after for this purported benefit.

Case presentation
We present a case of a 67-year-old woman who presented with acute kidney injury after two months of excessive rosehip tea consumption. She was dialyzed for 1 month and treated with oral steroids. Her initial renal biopsy revealed AIN, a thin glomerular basement membrane, and five nodular sclerosed glomeruli. Her work-up was negative for known causes of AIN and the etiology was determined to be rosehip tea. Two months after initial presentation she continued to have clinical and pathologic signs of AIN. She was started on mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with clinical improvement.

Conclusion
Rosehip tea is known to have diuretic properties and, when consumed, may lead to a self-perpetuating cycle of intake. Excessive consumption may lead to increased concentrations of arachidonic acid and its metabolites. These metabolites have been shown to perpetuate an inflammatory response capable of causing AIN. Providers should be aware when counseling patients that excessive intake of rosehip tea may lead to AIN.
Validierung einer deutschen Übersetzung der Academic Motivation Scale
Authors: Möltner Hannah , Pötter Nina , Abel Sören , Sülzenbrück Sandra , Nevries und Pascal 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung: Bislang existierte keine deutschsprachige, validierte Übersetzung der Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist daher die Validierung einer deutschen Übersetzung der AMS in zwei Studien. Die Übersetzung der AMS folgte dem TRAPD-Modell, einer Weiterentwicklung der Back-Translation-Methode. Die erste zweiwellige Studie ( N = 211) zeigte gute bis sehr gute interne Konsistenzen und mit den Originalversionen der AMS weitgehend übereinstimmende Retest-Reliabilitäten. Die postulierte siebenfaktorielle Struktur wies gegenüber einem ein- bzw. dreifaktoriellen Modell den besten Modell-Fit auf. Die zweite zweiwellige Studie ( N = 221) analysierte die konvergente und divergente Validität, sowie die Kriteriumsvalidität. Zusammenfassend verfügt die deutsche Version der AMS über gute psychometrische Eigenschaften und kann daher in Forschung und Praxis eingesetzt werden.
Alfvén Wing‐Like Structures in Titan's Magnetotail During T122‐T126 Flybys
Authors: Kim Konstantin , Edberg Niklas J. T. , Wahlund Jan‐Erik , Vigren Erik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study Titan's magnetotail using Cassini data from the T122‐T126 flybys. These consecutive flybys had a similar flyby geometry and occurred at similar Saturn magnetospheric conditions, enabling an analysis of the magnetotail's structure. Using measurements from Cassini's magnetometer (MAG) and Radio and Plasma Wave System/Langmuir probe (RPWS/LP) we identify several features consistent with reported findings from earlier flybys, for example, T9, T63 and T75. We find that the so‐called ’split’ signature of the magnetotail becomes more prominent at distances of at least 3,260 km (1.3 RT) downstream of Titan. We also identify a specific signature of the sub‐alfvenic interaction of Titan with Saturn, the Alfvén wings, which are observed during the T123 and T124 flyby. A coordinate transformation is applied to mitigate variations in the upstream magnetic field, and all the flybys are projected into a new reference frame—aligned to the background magnetic field reference frame (BFA). We show that Titan's magnetotail is confined to a narrow region of around ∼4 RT YBFA. Finally, we analyze the general draping pattern in Titan's magnetotail throughout the TA to T126 flybys.
Kinematics of an Ebb Plume Front in a Tidal Crossflow
Authors: Honegger D. A. , Ralston D. K. , Jurisa J. , Geyer R. , Haller M. C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractX‐band marine radar observations and a hindcast simulation from a 3D hydrostatic model are used to provide an overview of Connecticut River (USA) ebb plume front expansion into the strong tidal crossflow of eastern Long Island Sound. The model performance is evaluated against in situ and remote sensing observations and demonstrates dominant control of the front by semidiurnal tides. The recurring frontal evolution is classified into three dynamical stages of arrest, propagation, and advection. A conceptual model that follows this progressing balance between outflow buoyancy and crossflow momentum qualitatively reproduces frontal evolution in both the radar observations and the hindcast. The majority of the residual, intertidal variability of front timing and geometry is explained by co‐varying tidal amplitude, freshwater discharge, and wind stress using a multi‐linear regression analysis of the radar observation record. Intrinsic front speeds in the modeled frontal propagation are compared with the analytical model of Benjamin (1968, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112068000133), with better agreement achieved after accounting for ambient near‐surface shear associated with wind forcing.
Wind Speed and Vegetation Coverage in Turn Dominated Wind Erosion Change With Increasing Aridity in Africa
Authors: Zhang Hanbing , Peng Jian , Zhao Chaonan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWind erosion is one of the main causes of land degradation and desertification. Clarifying the spatiotemporal variations of wind erosion and the dominant factors of its spatial characteristics and the temporal trend will contribute to the establishment of appropriate wind erosion control and management practices, which is essential for combating global land degradation and strengthening ecological protection in drylands. Here, we assessed wind erosion in Africa during 2001–2020 based on the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ). We also analyzed the influential factor of spatial characteristics and temporal variation based on machine learning and other methods under different aridity. Results revealed that the average annual wind erosion modulus was 16,672 t/km2/a in Africa during 2001–2020, with hyper‐arid areas and arid areas accounting for more than 90% of the total wind erosion modulus. The spatial characteristics of wind erosion were dominated by natural factors but not anthropogenic activities. Except in hyper‐arid areas, wind speed and vegetation coverage together dominated the spatial characteristics. Wind speed was the dominant factor in wind erosion change, while in arid and semi‐arid areas, the capability of vegetation coverage to affect wind erosion change was comparable to wind speed. It can be concluded that, although revegetation does contribute to the reduction of wind erosion in arid and semi‐arid areas, taking into account water resource constraints and land use conflicts, large plantations can be replaced with windbreaks to increase vegetation coverage while reducing near‐surface wind speed, which improves the sustainability of ecological projects aimed at combating land degradation and desertification.
Occurrence and Characteristics of Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Observed by BeiDou GEO Satellites Over Hong Kong
Authors: Le Xuan , Ren Xiaodong , Mei Dengkui , Liu Hang , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMedium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) can significantly alter a region's ionosphere features, severely impacting the performance and stability of services such as shortwave communication and navigation positioning. By utilizing the total electron content (TEC) data from BeiDou geostationary satellites for 2022–2023, this study investigated the characteristics of MSTIDs over Hong Kong concerning local time and seasons. A total of 622 MSTID events were observed, classified into three types: daytime (10:00–17:00 LT), twilight (17:00–22:00 LT), and nighttime (22:00–02:00 LT). The occurrence rates and excitation mechanisms of the three types of MSTIDs were analyzed. Daytime and twilight MSTIDs had higher occurrence rates during winter, while nighttime MSTIDs had higher occurrence rates in summer and were even absent during winter. Overall, daytime MSTIDs were the most common, followed by twilight MSTIDs, while nighttime MSTIDs were less frequent. The propagation directions of MSTIDs exhibited anisotropy but showed some clustering patterns. Daytime MSTIDs exhibited high directional diversity during summer, but more concentrated in winter. Nighttime MSTIDs, on the other hand, were more focused during summer. It is worth noting that twilight MSTIDs exhibit similar climatological characteristics to daytime MSTIDs, which have not been observed in previous studies. It is suggested that daytime MSTIDs in the Hong Kong region are likely primarily generated by atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) from low‐latitude regions, while nighttime MSTIDs are likely caused by Perkins instability. Twilight MSTIDs may originate from AGWs at the solar terminator, as well as daytime MSTIDs propagated from mid‐latitude areas.
Pharmacological modulation of developmental and synaptic phenotypes in human SHANK3 deficient stem cell-derived neuronal models
Authors: Thibaudeau Amandine , Schmitt Karen , François Louise , Chatrousse Laure , Hoffmann David , Cousin Loic , Weiss Amélie , Vuidel Aurore , Jacob Christina B. , Sommer Peter , Benchoua Alexandra , Wilbertz Johannes H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhelan-McDermid syndrome (PMDS) arises from mutations in the terminal region of chromosome 22q13, impacting the SHANK3 gene. The resulting deficiency of the postsynaptic density scaffolding protein SHANK3 is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We examined 12 different PMDS patient and CRISPR-engineered stem cell-derived neuronal models and controls and found that reduced expression of SHANK3 leads to neuronal hyperdifferentiation, increased synapse formation, and decreased neuronal activity. We performed automated imaging-based screening of 7,120 target-annotated small molecules and identified three compounds that rescued SHANK3-dependent neuronal hyperdifferentiation. One compound, Benproperine, rescued the decreased colocalization of Actin Related Protein 2/3 Complex Subunit 2 (ARPC2) with ß-actin and rescued increased synapse formation in SHANK3 deficient neurons when administered early during differentiation. Neuronal activity was only mildly affected, highlighting Benproperine’s effects as a neurodevelopmental modulator. This study demonstrates that small molecular compounds that reverse developmental phenotypes can be identified in human neuronal PMDS models.
A mobile device-based game prototype for ADHD: development and preliminary feasibility testing
Authors: Luo Jie , Li Fenghua , Wu Yuanzhen , Liu Xuanang , Zheng Qingyi , Qi Yanjie , Huang Huanhuan , Xu Gaoyang , Liu Zhengkui , He Fan , Zheng Yi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research aimed to devise and assess a mobile game therapy software for children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as well as evaluating its suitability and effectiveness in improving the cognitive ability of typically developing children. The study encompassed 55 children diagnosed with ADHD and 55 neurotypical children. Initial assessments involved ADHD-related scales, computerized tests for information processing, and physiological-psychological evaluations. After a 4-week home-based game intervention, participants underwent re-evaluation using baseline measures and provided feedback on treatment satisfaction. Considering the small proportion of study participants who dropped out, data was analyzed using both the Intention-to-Treat (ITT) analysis and the Per-protocol (PP) analysis. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06181747). In ITT analysis, post-intervention analysis using linear mixed models indicated that the ADHD group improved significantly more than the neurotypical group particularly in Continuous Performance Test (CPT) accuracy (B = −23.92, p < 0.001) and reaction time (B = 86.08, p < 0.01), along with enhancements in anti-saccade (B = −10.65, p < 0.05) and delayed-saccade tasks (B = 0.34, p < 0.05). A reduction in parent-rated SNAP-IV scores was also observed (B = 0.43, p < 0.01). In PP analysis, paired-sample t-tests suggested that the ADHD group had significant changes pre- and post-intervention, in terms of CPT Accuracy (t = −7.62, p < 0.01), Anti-saccade task Correct Rate (t = −3.90, p < 0.01) and SNAP-IV scores (t = −4,64, p < 0.01). However, no significant changes post-intervention were observed in the neurotypical group. Survey feedback highlighted a strong interest in the games across both groups, though ADHD participants found the game more challenging. Parents of ADHD children reported perceived benefits and a willingness to continue the game therapy, unlike the neurotypical group’s parents. The findings advocated for the integration of serious video games as a complementary tool in ADHD treatment strategies, demonstrating the potential to augment attentional abilities and alleviate clinical symptoms. However, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is needed to further verify its efficacy.
Evidence for gene flow and trait reversal during radiation of Mexican Goodeid fish
Authors: Yusuf Leeban H. , Lemus Yolitzi Saldívar , Thorpe Peter , Garcia Constantino Macías , Ritchie Michael G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the phylogeographic history of a group and identifying the factors contributing to speciation is an important challenge in evolutionary biology. The Goodeinae are a group of live-bearing fishes endemic to Mexico. Here, we develop genomic resources for species within the Goodeinae and use phylogenomic approaches to characterise their evolutionary history. We sequenced, assembled and annotated the genomes of four Goodeinae species, including Ataeniobius toweri, the only matrotrophic live-bearing fish without a trophotaenia in the group. We estimated timings of species divergence and examined the extent and timing of introgression between the species to assess if this may have occurred during an early radiation, or in more recent episodes of secondary contact. We used branch-site models to detect genome-wide positive selection across Goodeinae, and we specifically asked whether this differs in A. toweri, where loss of placental viviparity has recently occurred. We found evidence of gene flow between geographically isolated species, suggesting vicariant speciation was supplemented by limited post-speciation gene flow, and gene flow may explain previous uncertainties about Goodeid phylogeny. Genes under positive selection in the group are likely to be associated with the switch to live-bearing. Overall, our studies suggest that both volcanism-driven vicariance and changes in reproductive mode influenced radiation in the Goodeinae.
Third-hand smoke perception and awareness among medical students: a survey study
Authors: Aras Aysun , Bayraktar Mustafa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThird-hand smoke (THS) is tobacco smoke impurities that adhere to indoor materials such as clothing, dust, and surfaces and are released into the air. It is a major public health concern that, if unaddressed, could cause future harm. The aim of this study was to assess medical students’ knowledge of THS and to increase awareness. In March and April 2023, students enrolled in the medical programs at the School of Medicine for the 2022–2023 academic year were contacted using an online Google survey method and asked to complete the survey questions. The survey included questions on participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and the Beliefs about Third-Hand Smoke Scale (BATHS-T). The median age of the 351 students who voluntarily participated in the study was 20.0 (IQR = 2.0) years, 55.3% were female and 16% were smokers. The mean score of the answers given by the participants to the scale questions asking their level of knowledge about third-hand smoke was 35.3 ± 5.9. The least known question was “cigarette smoke particles can stay in a room for weeks”. The most frequently answered question was “breathing the air in a room where people smoked yesterday can damage the health of babies and children”. Scale scores were significantly higher for participants who did not have smokers living in their home, who did not allow smoking in their home, and who reported having information about passive smoking. Medical students had sufficient knowledge and awareness of third-hand smoke. Third-hand smoke should be included in training to increase knowledge and awareness of medical students as part of preventive medicine practice.
Impact of Tamm plasmon structures on fluorescence and optical nonlinearity of graphene quantum dots
Authors: Elamkulavan Hasana Jahan , Purayil Nikhil Puthiya , Subramaniam Sanjay , Keloth Chandrasekharan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGraphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) are crucial in biomedicine for sensitive biosensing and high-resolution bioimaging and in photonics for their nonlinear optical properties. Integrating GQDs with photonic structures enhances optical properties by optimizing light-matter interactions and enabling precise control over their emission wavelengths. In this work, we explore a facile synthesis method for GQDs by pulsed laser irradiation in chlorobenzene and highlight the transformative potential of Tamm Plasmon Cavity (TPC) structures for tuning and amplifying the photoluminescence and nonlinear optical properties of GQDs. The characterization of GQDs revealed their exceptional properties, including efficient optical limiting and stable photoluminescence. The study demonstrated that the TPC structure significantly amplifies nonlinear optical effects due to the high light-matter interaction, indicating the potential for advanced optical systems, including optical limiters and nonlinear optical devices. Furthermore, introducing GQDs into the TPC structure leads to a significant enhancement and tuning of fluorescence emission. The Purcell effect, in combination with the confined electromagnetic fields within the TPC, increases the spontaneous emission rate of GQDs and subsequently enhances the fluorescence intensity. This enhanced and tunable fluorescence has exciting implications for high-sensitivity applications such as biosensing and single-molecule detection.
Microbiological quality assessment of Clarias gariepinus, Bagrus bajad, and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fillets
Authors: El-Gendy Noha M. , Amer Amr , Ibrahim Hossam A. , Abou-Okada Mahmoud 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, 80 catfish fillets were randomly collected from Egyptian local markets and retailers. The samples included 20 African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), 20 bayad (Bagrus bajad), and 40 pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fillets. Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fillet samples were divided into 20 white basa and 20 red basa fillets. We conducted a microbiological analysis of catfish fillet samples, evaluating mesophilic aerobic bacteria, psychrophilic aerobic bacteria, H2S-producing bacteria, Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Coliforms, and fecal Coliform counts. Additionally, we identified the existence of Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Yersinia spp., Escherichia spp., Aeromonas spp., and Pseudomonas spp. in the catfish fillet samples. In our study, the psychrophilic bacterial counts in Bagrus bajad (5.21 log CFU/g) were found to be higher compared to the counts in Clarias gariepinus (4.31 log CFU/g) and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (3.89–4.7 log CFU/g). The fecal Coliform in Clarias gariepinus fillets was significantly higher than in other catfish fillets. We isolated Escherichia coli, Escherichia fergusonii, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas luteola from the catfish fillets, while no Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., or Yersinia spp. were detected. These isolates were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, ten Escherichia spp. were serologically identified, revealing that O26 and O78 were the most commonly occurring serotypes. This study highlights the microbiological analysis conducted on catfish fillets and concludes that the fillet samples from these catfish were of superior quality and deemed acceptable for human consumption.
Potential inhibitors of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 developed through Deep Learning for the treatment of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Nayarisseri Anuraj , Abdalla Mohnad , Joshi Isha , Yadav Manasi , Bhrdwaj Anushka , Chopra Ishita , Khan Arshiya , Saxena Arshiya , Sharma Khushboo , Panicker Aravind , Panwar Umesh , Mendonça Junior Francisco Jaime Bezerra , Singh Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCervical cancer stands as a prevalent gynaecologic malignancy affecting women globally, often linked to persistent human papillomavirus infection. Biomarkers associated with cervical cancer, including VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGF-E, show upregulation and are linked to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. This research aims to employ in-silico methods to target tyrosine kinase receptor proteins—VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3, and identify novel inhibitors for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors receptors (VEGFRs). A comprehensive literary study was conducted which identified 26 established inhibitors for VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 receptor proteins. Compounds with high-affinity scores, including PubChem ID—25102847, 369976, and 208908 were chosen from pre-existing compounds for creating Deep Learning-based models. RD-Kit, a Deep learning algorithm, was used to generate 43 million compounds for VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 targets. Molecular docking studies were conducted on the top 10 molecules for each target to validate the receptor-ligand binding affinity. The results of Molecular Docking indicated that PubChem IDs—71465,645 and 11152946 exhibited strong affinity, designating them as the most efficient molecules. To further investigate their potential, a Molecular Dynamics Simulation was performed to assess conformational stability, and a pharmacophore analysis was also conducted for indoctrinating interactions.