bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meanings of life experiences during manic episodes as reported by outpatients in remission in the Southeast Brazil: A clinical-qualitative study
Authors: Bin L.C.P. , Santos A. , Carvalho A. , Turato E.R. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundPsychosocial representations about the manic episode may constitute personal difficulty factors in dealing with the disorder, to relate socially and compromise satisfactory adherence to clinical treatments. It was elected to recall the experiences of manic episode due to its social and individual stigma.PurposeTo discuss the meanings of life experiences regarding manic episodes as reported by outpatients with bipolar affective disorder in remission.MethodResearch methodology from the Humanities employed to health settings, using clinical-qualitative method, with the technique of semi-directed interview with open-ended questions. The sample was closed by the criterion of theoretical saturation of information. Eight interviews were conducted in a university psychiatric clinic. Data were treated through the qualitative content analysis, with free-floating readings of the corpus - the set of the transcribed interviews - in order to categorization in core's discussion.ResultsPatients whom experienced manic episodes use unique adaptive mechanisms to deal with their psychosocial experiences and emotions. The highlights were the recognized strategies of bargaining, denial, rationalization and escaping when facing the experienced problems.ConclusionThe recognition of the management of patients’ experiences of mental disorder by the healthcare team can better harmonize the professional-patient relationship and develop strategies for greater adherence to the therapeutic and preventive measures for recurrence of the episodes.
Misdiagnosis and psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder
Authors: Ugarte A. , Fernández M. , González I. , Peciña J.R. , Villamor A. , Zuhaitz E. , García B. , García J. , González-Pinto A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionEarly onset forms of bipolar disorder may be difficult to distinguish from schizophrenia. Although operational criteria have become more precise, and there are more diagnostic systems to catalogue a psychotic adolescent, the clinicians continue having difficulties.ObjectiveTo know the stability of the diagnosis of definitively bipolar patients with psychotic symptoms during the episodes, and factors that can influence other psychotic diagnoses in the first episode of the illness.Method140 bipolar patients of Araba, (Basque country) were included during 2 years. Patients were divided into two groups: unstable diagnoses (UD)(bipolar patients with an initial diagnosis of other psychosis) and stable diagnoses (SD) of bipolar disorder. Clinical and sociodemographic data were obtained.ResultsThe mean age at onset was significantly lower in the UD group (p = 0.004). It was rare to have an unstable diagnosis when the first psychotic episode occurred after age 38 (p = 0.008). There were more singles in the UD group (p = 0.010).The presence of mood incongruent psychotic symptoms was more frequent in the UD group (p < 0.001).Mood incongruent psychotic symptoms variable was the only independent factor significantly associated with an unstable diagnosis in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.036).DiscussionOne third of the patients have been previously diagnosed with other psychotic illness.This study suggests that the most important factor is the clinical picture, especially the presence of mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms. A correct diagnosis is important because patients who are prescribed mood stabilizers have lower rates of rehospitalisation than those who are not treated with mood stabilizers.
Perception of disease and pathways to care in bipolar disorder
Authors: Vargas-Huicochea I. , Berenzon-Gorn S. , Becerra C. , Huicochea-Gomez L. , Berlanga C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is a major psychiatric disorder that has important consequences for those who live with it. Day by day new contributions for diagnosis and treatment appear thanks to a continuous research advance. However there are many challenges to defeat such as the pathways to care that bipolar patients choose, and the different factors that have an impact on seeking for treatment.ObjectiveTo describe the role that perception of disease has on the selection of pathways to care in patients with BD.AimsTo generate information to augment the available data for specific interventions in bipolar patients.MethodsWe studied perception of disease in six patients with BD through focused interviews. The results were analyzed from a qualitative approach.ResultsWe found that even when the main type of health care practices reported by these patients had to do with the allopathic form, usually they combine and try different health care forms. This allows each patient to build their own pathway to care in order to meet their needs and their suffering from living with BD.ConclusionsPathways to care in BD are composed of a combination of health care practices, this situation happens because the patient needs to look for the possibility to get a stock of potential alternatives of treatment which allow to maximize his/her curative resources. Beside this, having a variety of treatment modalities helps bipolar people to deal with the different issues that are part of the experience of living with BD.
Bipolar disorder therapy in daily clinical practice: Analysis of retrospective data from a large multinational longitudinal study (WAVE-BD)
Authors: Vieta E. , Figueira M.L. , Bellivier F. , Souery D. , Blasco-Colmenares E. , Medina E. , Langosch J. ,   on behalf of the WAVE-bd Study Group
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe Wide AmbispectiVE study of clinical management and burden of bipolar disorder (BD) (WAVE-bd; NCT01062607) is ongoing to address limitations of longitudinal BD studies to-date focused on single disease phases or treatment.Aim/ObjectiveTo understand current treatment approaches for patients with BD in daily clinical practice.MethodsMultinational, multicentre, non-interventional, longitudinal study of patients diagnosed with BD-I or BD-II with ≥1 mood event in the preceding 12 months, followed-up for 12-27 months (including retrospective and prospective phases). Site and patient selection provided a sample representative of bipolar populations. The study includes descriptive analyses of demographics, diagnosis, medical history and clinical management. Medication use during the retrospective phase will be presented.ResultsPreliminary results (based on data availability at time of submission) are presented from 2829 patients recruited March-September 2010. During the retrospective period, 94.3% (94.2% BD-I, 94.6% BD-II) of patients received BD therapy. Among BD-I and BD-II patients, respectively, the most common number of prescribed drugs was two (29.5%, 31.5%); 17.6% and 18.1% were prescribed one drug, and 11.5% and 9.8% were prescribed five or more. Drug classes most commonly used (BD-I, BD-II, respectively) were atypical antipsychotics (64.5%, 48.9%) anticonvulsants (58.0%, 54.3%), antidepressants (39.6%, 66.7%) and lithium (31.2%, 17.3%). Electroconvulsive therapy was used in 12 (0.4%) patients (9 BD-I, 3 BD-II). Average treatment duration with atypical antipsychotics, anticonvulsants and antidepressants was 165.0, 199.7 and 169.7 days, respectively.ConclusionsThis ongoing study provides a multinational perspective on BD patient management practices in a large sample population. Financial support: AstraZeneca
A comparative study of the phenomenological features of bipolar depression versus unipolar major depression in chinese patients in a regional hospital in hong kong
Authors: Wong S.M.Q. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesTo determine the characteristics and time course of diagnostic conversion from unipolar depression to bipolar depression in a retrospective cohort of psychiatric outpatients, and to compare the clinical and sociodemographic profiles of the bipolar switch group against a matched group without conversion.MethodThis is a retrospective case-control study in which outpatients newly diagnosed of unipolar depression from 1st January 1994 to 31st December 1999 were reviewed. Those with conversion to bipolar depression were identified and controls were matched.Multivariate conditional logistic regression was carried out to identify predictors of bipolar switch.Results88 patients out of 823 were identified with bipolar switch. The mean age at switch was 37.58 years old. The mean time interval from presentation to conversion was 58.13 months. Sodium valproate was most commonly used after switch. Bipolar switch was associated with male sex (OR 2.601, 95% CI 1.279 – 5.291, p = 0.008), an earlier age at presentation of depression of < 37 years old (OR 2.238, 95% CI 1.136 – 4.409, p = 0.020), family history of bipolar affective disorder (OR 5.684, 95% CI 1.149 – 28.124, p = 0.033) and use of 3 or above different antidepressants in the first five years after presentation (OR 2.105, 95% CI 1.082 – 4.098, p = 0.028).ConclusionThe incidence of bipolar switch found in this study was 10.7%. Family history of bipolar affective disorder and frequent switch of antidepressants in depressive patients presenting at a young age can be helpful guidance for identification of those at high risk for a bipolar course.
Manic-depressive illness and the artistic temperament
Authors: Zaman R. , Agius M. , Hankir A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionA notion exists of a special kind of relationship between poets and being “crazy”. A possible correlation between madness and genius is one of the oldest and most persistent and controvertialof cultural concepts. We decided to investigate the relationship between manic-depressive illness and the artistic temperament.MethodA review was conducted on Professor Kay Redfield Jamison's treatise Touched with Fire, Manic-depressive Illness and the Artistic Temperament.ResultsResearch strongly suggests that, compared with the general population, writers and artists show a vastly disproportionate rate of the affective disorders manic-depressive and depressive illness. Research employing systematic biographical methodology has also given strong support to a much higher rate of mood disorders in artistic populations than could be expected from chance alone. A British study revealed many overlapping mood, cognitive, and behavioral changes between hypomania and intense creative states. Many of the changes in mood, thinking, and perception that characterize the mildly manic states are highly characteristic of creative thought as well. Although it seems counterintuitive at first, melancholy has also been reported to be associated with artistic inspiration and productivity.DiscussionNot all (not even most) writers and artists suffer from major mood disorders. Likewise, most of those who have a major mood disorder are not writers or artists. However despite this, research does strongly suggest that there is a correlation between manic-depressive illness and the artistic temperament. The major resistance to an association between psychopathology, or mental illness, and creativity seems to revolve around a few central points.
Gender differences and age of diagnosis in ADHD
Authors: Almagor D. , Joseph L.W. , Ansari R. , Subramaniam S. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionFemale patients tend to be more often diagnosed with ADHD inattentive subtype. Many of these females deny an earlier childhood history of hyperactivity or disruptive behaviours and hence may have been clinically overlooked in childhood, while their male counterparts may have presented with ADHD combined subtype which tends to be more easily identified and diagnosed.ObjectivesParticipants will learn about gender differences in ADHD diagnosis and epidemiology.AimsTo examine gender differences in the age of first diagnosis of ADHD in a clinical population.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 118 males and 61 females (ages 17–69). Each patient was evaluated and diagnosed by an experienced psychiatrist. Clinical measures (administered by a trained psychometrist) included the CAARS (self and observer versions), BRIEF (self and informant versions), CAADID (history and structured interview), ASRS, CPT, Beck Anxiety and Beck Depression Inventories. Patients were referred by family physicians to a large out-patient metropolitan psychiatry program specializing in ADHD. Information regarding childhood diagnosis was collected retrospectively during the clinical interview.ResultsIn this study the mean age of diagnosis (ADHD) for males was 31.2 years versus 32.1 for females. Neither t-test (p = 0.44) nor non-parametric testing using Mann-Whitney U Test (p = 0.67) showed any statistical differences between the two groups.ConclusionsIn the present study there were no difference in the mean age of first diagnosis between male and female subjects. In the present study Further studies are needed to clarify this question. Selection factor may have been a factor in these results.
Assessing distractibility by eye movements in a binocular rivalry task
Authors: Amador Campos J.A. , Aznar Casanova A. , Ortiz Guerra J.J. , Medina Peña A. , Solarte Hurtado S.C. , Luna Sánchez A. , Illa Girona J. , Bernat Martorell M.D.M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder, characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of overactivity, inattention and impulsivity. Measuring inattention is a controversial question in ADHD diagnosis. Eye movement could provide a method to assess distractibility. Several studies have related visual attention and perceptual dominance in binocular rivalry.ObjectivesTo assess visual attention through the measurement of fixations in a binocular rivalry task in ADHD children and control groups.AimsWe proposed a task for the assessment of distractibility and to enhance the diagnosis of attention disorders.MethodsForty children, 20 with ADHD-combined type and 20 controls, matched by gender, age and intelligence, were tested with a binocular rivalry task (i.e. an anaglyph image) with an exogenous distractor appearing regularly. The stimulus was divided in four Areas of Interest (AOI). Measurements of duration of the periods of exclusive dominance, perceptual alternations in dominance / suppression and fixations were taken by an eye tracker and a response box. Analysis of Variance was used to test differences between ADHD and control groups.ResultsSignificant differences between ADHD and control groups were found in dwells at the main AOI. Also, significant differences between groups in “Fixation over alternations ratio” were found.ConclusionsADHD participants looked at the relevant region (AOI_1) for a shorter time than the control group; they also looked at the no demanded regions (AOI_2, AOI_3, AOI_4) longer than the control group. Moreover, the ratio fixations/alternations were greater for the control group than the ADHD group.
Memory impairments and its interaction with environmental factors in children aged 6 to 8 years living in gharb plain (N-w of Morocco)
Authors: Azzaoui F.-Z. , Hami H. , Ahami A.O.T. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe “Gharb” plain (area of our study) localized in the North-West of Morocco is one of the most important agricultural and industrial regions of the Kingdom. Unfortunately, it suffered from the increase of different polluting human activities which expose the population, especially children, to serious neurobehavioral problems.Objective and aimsEvaluation of the short term memory and working memory in urban, periurban and rural schooled children (aged 6 to 8 years) living in Gharb plain and studying the relationship between the performance in this test and the quality of environment.MethodsMemory Sub-test of WISC III (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and questionnaire about some environmental conditions.ResultsThe obtained results had shown that 3,64% periurban children and 3,03% rural children suffer from short memory impairments and no impairments in urban children were registered. For working memory, 21,05%, 47,06% and 66,67% of impairments were found in urban, periurban and rural children respectively.Moreover, a significant correlations between the performances of short term memory and building materials (p < 0.05), source of pollution near the school (p < 0.05), and consumption of well water (p < 0.001) were registered.ConclusionsThe memory impairments recorded in these children appeared in connection with environmental factors, but a deeper investigation is needed for studying all these factors, in addition to others (psychological, socio-economical, and nutritional) ones.
Suicide behavior and subthreshold psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents
Authors: Balazs J. , Dallos G. , Kereszteny A. , Gadoros J. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveSuicide among adults have been associated to subthreshold psychiatric illnesses as well; however it is little known about the role of subthreshold mental disorders in suicide risk among children/adolescents.MethodsUsing the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Kid the authors examined 105 hospitalized children/adolescents in the Vadaskert Child Psychiatric Hospital, Budapest. Current suicide behavior was defined as giving positive answer to any of the following questions: “In the past month did you: think you would be better off dead or wish you were dead? want to hurt yourself? think about killing yourself? attempt suicide?”ResultsWe report data on 105 hospitalized children/adolescents, 76 (72.4%) boys and 29 (27.6%) girls. The mean age of the subjects was 11.4 years (SD = 3.43, min: 5, max: 17). Current suicide behavior was present in 18 cases (17.1%). There were one person with current suicide behavior, who did not have any current DSM-IV disorder, but he/she had current subthreshold disorder. The majority (n = 16, 88.8%) of the children/adolescents with suicide behavior had both current subthreshold and DSM-IV disorders. Eight children/adolescents (44.4%) with current suicide behavior had current DSM-IV major depressive episode and further 5 children/adolescents (27,8%) had current subthreshold major depressive episode. The prevalence of DSM-IV and subthreshold major depressive episode was significantly higher among hospitalized children with suicide behavior (n = 18), than among hospitalized children without suicide behavior (n = 87) (X2 = 5,272, df = 1. p = 0,022).ConclusionsSubthreshold forms of pediatric psychiatric disorders need to be taken into account as well in suicide prevention.
Child and adolescent psychiatry training in Europe: Views of trainee representatives for 2009 – 2010 to the European federation of psychiatric trainees
Authors: Barrett E.P. , Nawka A. , Malik A. , Giacco D. , Rojnic Kuzman M. , Simmons M. , Favre G. 
Published: May 2011

Background and objectivesThe European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT) is an independent federation of psychiatric trainees’ associations. Previous studies have shown that up to 1/3 of countries surveyed did not have separate CAP training We surveyed trainees to gain insights regarding current training within the member countries of the EFPT.MethodsTen item Survey of Trainee representatives from 32 countries- using surveymonkey questionnaire.Industry standard encryption technology utilisied.Results27 respondent countries. Response rate 84.4% In many countries CAP and General Adult Psychiatry training were not separate Variable availability of training posts (surplus posts 23%, no posts/ long waits 19.2%) Duration of training: 3 years (19.2%),4 years (23.1%), 5 years (26.9%). In 35% of countries CAP training was entirely separate from commencement of training. In 40%, entry to CAP training occurred after training in general adult psychiatry. Trainees in 61.5% of respondent countries indicate their intention to specialise in CAP before entering training in psychiatry; 15% of trainees can indicate this at any time.ConclusionsThis is a survey of trainee representatives to the EFPT of ten items related to CAP training experiences. It highlights significant differences in training experiences in 27 respondent countries. From 2010 the EFPT aims to record detailed information on CAP training yearly. CAP trainees are an integral part of EFPT, and there are specific areas of needs in CAP training.
Prevalence of common phobias and their socio-demographic correlates in children and adolescents in a traditional developing society
Authors: Bener A. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundEpidemiological data indicate that anxiety disorders are the most common childhood disorders and phobias are the most common form of anxiety disorders.AimTo identify the most common phobias in children and adolescents and to determine the prevalence, age distribution, and socio-demographic correlates of phobias.DesignA cross sectional studySettingPublic and Private schools of the Ministry of Education, State of QatarSubjectsA total of 2188 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years were approached and 1703 (77.8%) students participated in this study.MethodsThe questionnaire included socio-demographic information, extra curricular activities and hobbies, behaviour at home and various phobic fears. Psychiatrists determined the definitive diagnosis for various phobias by checking and screening their symptoms.ResultsOf the studied subjects, 44% were males and 56% were females. The overall prevalence of phobia in children and adolescents was 19.7%. Among children with phobia, females had higher rates of phobias (62.4% vs 37.6%) than males. Social phobia (12.7%) was the commonest phobia found followed by Agoraphobia (8.6%). Secondary school children were highly afflicted with social phobia (14.9%), agoraphobia (11.7%) and specific phobia (9.6%), while preparatory students (8.3%) were more likely to have’medical’ phobia (fear of physical illness, medical tests and procedures). A significant difference was observed between the age groups in children with agoraphobia (p = 0.002).ConclusionThe overall prevalence of phobia in children and adolescents in Qatar was higher, with the most common phobias observed being social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia.
Satisfaction with body image, attitudes and habits relating to nutrition in secondary school students
Authors: Burgic-Radmanovic M. , Burgic S. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIn the adolescence, girls are often preoccupied with body image, express discontent with their figure, body weight and want to lose weight.ObjectiveOur objective was to inquire eating attitudes and habits among female adolescents.MethodSurvey research carried out among female adolescents, age of 16 – 17, in four secondary schools in Banja Luka (economic, medical, agricultural and grammar school). Survey questionnaire EAT-26, modified by author, was used. The response rate was 1301 (90.3%) out of 1441 (total number of pupils in first and second grade of schools).ResultsIn inquired secondary schools 90 girls (6.9%) out of 1301 have body mass index < 18,5 kg/m2. About 26.9% of all respondents, want to be thinner, while 37.3% never want to be thinner, with statically significant difference (df = 834; T = 7.94; p < 0.01).With 46.25% of all respondents with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 and 43.6% female students with an optimal BMI said they never eat dietary food with statistically significant difference (V = 73, T = 2.05, < 0.05) compared to girls with a BMI > 25 kg/m2. Diet foods are not eaten ever 48.6% of respondents with a statistically significant difference compared to those who do it sometimes (20.5%)DiscussionUnrealistic perception of “body-image” may bring different health-damaging risks. They varied from inadequate dieting attempts to inability of recognizing and preventing overweight.ConclusionIn order to that previously acquired knowledge and positive attitudes about nutrition necessary to introduce this subject within the school curriculum.