bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Perceived Emotions in Facial Paralysis Patients After Depressor Anguli Oris Excision
Authors: O'Rourke Samuel P. , Stack Taylor J. , Miller Jonas R. , Miller Matthew Q. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesDepressor anguli oris (DAO) excision can improve clinician‐graded, objective, and patient‐reported smile outcomes in patients with nonflaccid facial paralysis (NFFP). However, no prior research has studied changes in perceived emotions after surgery. This study quantifies changes in perceived emotions with smiling after DAO excision in the largest case series presented to date.MethodsProspectively collected data from patients with NFFP who underwent DAO excision at a tertiary care facial nerve center were reviewed. Patient‐reported, clinician‐graded, and objective smile metrics were compared before and after surgery. Videos of faces at rest and while smiling were analyzed by artificial intelligence‐derived facial expression analysis software to quantify perceived emotions.ResultsSixty‐eight patients underwent isolated DAO excision between August 2021 and August 2023. Patients conveyed significantly more perceived happiness with smile and at rest after surgery (p < 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively). DAO excision improved oral commissure excursion (p < 0.001), dental show (p < 0.001), and smile angle (p < 0.001) symmetry. Patients reported significant improvements in smiling and social function after surgery.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates DAO excision increases perceived happiness conveyed by patients with NFFP while smiling and at rest. It confirms improved objective, clinician‐graded, and patient‐reported smile outcomes after surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:4028–4035, 2024
High Performance Electrically‐Injected InGaN Microdisk Lasers through Simultaneous Enhancement of Optical Confinement and Overlap Factor
Authors: Fu Wai Yuen , Cheung Yuk Fai , Choi Hoi Wai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite the considerable research interest in InGaN‐based microdisk lasers, owing to their unique circular geometry distinct from vertical cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSEL) or edge‐emitting lasers, commercial products remain scant due to deficient performance under electrical injection. This study proposes an innovative method integrating a thin‐film configuration with a metallic undercut, significantly augmenting optical confinement, overlap factor, and thus lasing performance. This approach results in a diminished lasing threshold from 1500 to 670 Wcm−2and a record high quality (Q) factor of 10100 under electrical injection. Strain relaxation in the metallic undercut, identified via scanning near‐field optical microscopy (SNOM), beneficially mitigates the Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE), boosting the internal quantum efficiency of the laser. Furthermore, a beneficial blue‐shift in the emission spectrum aligns with the lasing peak, strengthening the Q factor. A tactfully implemented recessed top contact enables electrical injection lasing without optical performance compromise. The study provides invaluable insights for future microdisk laser technology advancements, potentially leading to specialized functionalities, including quantum optics, thereby opening new avenues for research and applications in this field.
MISSION VENTURING: DEMOCRACY’S SUPERPOWER IN THE INNOVATION RACE
Authors: Gupta Arun , Fewer Thomas J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe authors (Gupta; CEO of NobleReach Foundation; lecturer, “Valley Meets Mission” at Stanford University) and Fewer (Assistant Professor of Strategic Management at Rutgers University‐Camden and Vice President at NobleReach Foundation); discuss that “democratic nations are in an innovation race with autocracies.” They “conducted a series of interviews with government officials, policy makers, and entrepreneurs to identify the key areas of tension for this critical and emerging area of mission‐driven venturing.” This analysis led to the identification of “five action‐areas of focus for mission‐inspired entrepreneurs.” In their words: (1) Mission Multiplies Profit (2) Build the Easy Button (3) Customize for the Unknown (4) Learn the Language of Government (5) Build for the Long Haul. Suggestions within area 1 include, in their words, match the mission of government; and find opportunities to create public value. Within area 2, in their words, Understand the government’s problem and know the people burdened by it; and Solve 100% of a specific problem, versus 80% of a larger problem. They conclude that “it will be essential for democracies to leverage their superpower in the innovation race ‐ the ability to foster an environment where mission‐driven ventures can thrive and contribute to national competitiveness, security, and inclusive prosperity.”
THE ART OF INFLUENCE: A LIFELONG JOURNEY OF LEARNING AND LEADERSHIP
Authors: Perdue Mitzi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe author has considerable experience in communications, as a journalist and radio/television presenter. She also has an important background in humanitarian endeavors, philanthropy, and as an anti‐human‐trafficking advocate. She describes the importance of influence in a leadership context: “As leaders, we get things done through others. The more we can perfect our ability to help others become all they can be, and the more we can influence them to use their skills in service to others, the better leaders we will be.” She notes the importance of participating in the Girl Scouts: “I feel I learned more from Scouting than I ever learned in school, and these learnings included values, teamwork, and striving to be all I could be.” Regarding the power of networking, she raises the example of her husband, the late poultry magnate Frank Perdue. Regarding public speaking, she joined the National Speakers Association at the age of 75. She concludes that currently her “focus is on Ukraine. Since I care passionately about the country and its people, and since at age 82, I’ve never seen a greater injustice than what Russia is doing to them, I want to give my all to doing whatever I can to benefit Ukraine.”
LEARNING TO LEARN: THE KEY TO LEADERSHIP SUCCESS
Authors: Keyes James W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe author is former CEO of 7‐Eleven, Inc., and Blockbuster, Inc., and has been involved at the board level and other key positions in various nonprofits and artistic organizations. He says that in his career, he “grew to appreciate the critical importance of education to the individual, the corporation, and to the humanity at large.” He says that he has tried to “capture ”what″ learnings were necessary, “how” to make leadership a dynamic learning process, and “why” continued learning is such a fundamental requirement for effective leadership. I have distilled the what, how, and why of my leadership education into 9 principles I call the “C‐Suite Learnings.” The three areas of what to learn are, in his words, change, confidence, and clarity. In how to learn, they are critical thinking, curiosity, and creativity. For why to learn, collaboration, cultural literacy, and character. “My goal,” he concludes, “is to help others find their own path to academic, professional, and even personal success. By practicing these nine Cs, we can Live to Learn; freeing ourselves from personal and societal constraints that limit our success. Only then will we truly Learn to Live; and in turn Learn to Lead.”
Multi‐agent behavioral strategy game and synergy evolution path of the retired power battery recycling system
Authors: Wang Zhe , Wu Fan , Zhang Wenxi , Ke Sijia , Wang Xiaobo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the era of transitioning to a low‐carbon economy, China's electric vehicle market is experiencing exponential growth, a trend that is mirrored by the burgeoning market for the recycling of used power batteries. This rapid expansion underscores the urgency of enhancing the power battery recycling system. However, the lack of sufficient engagement from consumers and recyclers in the recycling system currently impedes the formation of a cohesive recycling effort. To tackle this issue, we introduce a tripartite evolutionary game model involving the government, battery recyclers, and consumers. By analyzing the evolutionary stability strategies (ESSs) and their stability conditions, we delineate the synergetic development paths of them. Numerical examples illustrate the model's effectiveness and explore how government incentive policies can affect the strategic decisions of other participants. Our findings suggest that establishing incentive policies by the government in the early stage of the power battery industry is crucial for fostering a synergetic recycling system that is led by the government, involved by the community, and driven by the market.
Effect of In Vitro Enzyme Digestion and Bile Treatment on Milk Extracellular Vesicles Stability
Authors: Oliver Charlotte , Mishra Vinay S. N. , Santoro Jessie , Mukhopadhya Anindya , Buckley Frank , O'Driscoll Lorraine , Giblin Linda , Brodkorb André 
Published: May 2024

ScopeMilk extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles with potential immune bioactivities. This study examines their fate during in vitro infant gastrointestinal digestion (GI).Methods and resultsBovine milk is digested using the in vitro INFOGEST method, adjusted for the infant. To unravel the contribution of digestive enzymes from bile, milk is treated with digestive enzymes, bile, or a combination of both. EVs are collected posttreatment using differential ultracentrifugation. EVs characterization includes electrophoresis, immunoblotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and atomic force microscopy. EVs protein markers programmed cell death 6‐interacting protein (ALIX), tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9), and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) are detected after gastric digestion (G60), but their signal intensity is significantly reduced by intestinal conditions (p < 0.05). Enzyme digestion, compared to bile treatment (I60 + bile), results in a significant reduction of signal intensities for TSG101 and CD9 (p < 0.05). Nanoparticle tracking analysis shows a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of EV numbers at the end of the intestinal phase. EVs are detected by atomic force microscopy at the end of the intestinal phase, showing that intact EVs can survive upper gut digestion.ConclusionIntact EVs can be found at the end of the intestinal phase. However, digestive enzymes and bile reduce the quantity and characteristics of EVs, with digestive enzymes playing a larger role.
Inhibitory effects of alkyl‐galactosides on the coaggregation of Fusobacterium nucleatum and oral bacteria
Authors: Tajikara Teppei , Itano Morihide , Yano Yoshitaka , Toshida Natsuko , Ueno Katsuya , Miyake Yoichiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeCoaggregation and coadhesion are important mechanisms for oral bacteria to colonize the oral cavity and exert pathogenic effects. Fusobacterium nucleatum has been reported to coaggregate with various oral bacteria. Some of the coaggregation are inhibited by D‐galactose. D‐galactose, however, will be metabolized by oral bacteria when applied to the oral cavity, resulting in the acid generation that causes dental caries. In the present study, we developed a novel material, alkyl‐galactosides, that inhibits the coaggregation of F. nucleatum and is not metabolized by oral bacteria.MethodsAcid production from alkyl‐galactoside by Streptococcus mutans was determined by pH lowering during liquid culture. Antibacterial activity was measured using the minimum inhibitory concentration test, and coaggregation inhibitory effects were evaluated based on the relative coaggregation ratio between F. nucleatum and several oral bacteria using absorbance measurements.ResultsD‐galactose was rapidly metabolized by S. mutans, resulting in a decreased pH. Alkyl‐galactoside, however, was not metabolized by the bacterium at 1 mM. Minimum inhibitory concentration of alkyl‐galactoside against S. mutans is 1–4 mM. Alkyl‐galactoside inhibited coaggregation between F. nucleatum and several oral bacteria almost to the same extent as D‐galactose.ConclusionsAlkyl‐galactoside inhibits coaggregation between F. nucleatum and oral bacteria and is not assimilated by oral bacteria suggesting to be a potent novel material for prevention of dental plaque formation.
Biosynthetic pathway analysis combined with feature‐based molecular networking to comprehensively characterize the chemical constituents in seeds ofSterculia lychnophora
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Run‐Zhou , Yang Hua , Gao Wen , Li Ping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe seeds ofSterculia lychnophoraHance, commonly known as Pangdahai (PDH) in Chinese, have found extensive use in both culinary and traditional medicinal practices. However, a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition of PDH has been lacking.ObjectivesThis study proposes a strategy that integrates biosynthetic pathway analysis with feature‐based molecular networking (FBMN), aiming for a thorough and global characterization of the chemical compositions of PDH.MethodologyThe FBMN map reveals potential compounds with structural similarity, and the MS/MS fragments could be annotated based on library matches, which could predict the plausible biosynthetic pathways in PDH, accomplishing the annotation of compounds clustered in FBMN by integrating biosynthetic pathways.ResultsConsequently, 126 compounds were plausibly or unambiguously identified, including 37 phenolic acids and glycosides, 20 flavonoids and glycosides, 12 procyanidins, 21 alkaloids, 22 lipids, and 14 others. Leveraging the information, 40 compounds, including 1 unique isoquinoline alkaloid and 2 rare linear furocoumarins, were isolated and confirmed.ConclusionsThis study not only demonstrates a highly effective approach for identifying compounds within complex herbal mixtures but also establishes a robust foundation for the further development of PDH.
Assessing the dyeing efficacy and environmental impact of cotton fabric dyed with sawmill bio‐waste extracts and metal salts
Authors: Islam Tarikul , Khan Adnan Maroof , Karim Md. Rezaul , Hossain Shahin , Jalil M. Abdul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTextile coloration is a complex process involving the interaction of dye molecules with fibers in a dye bath. Synthetic dyes pose environmental hazards, leading to increased interest in natural dyes sourced from plants, animals, and minerals. However, natural dyes often require mordants for application to textiles. Despite their eco‐friendliness, natural dyes can exhibit poor wash fastness on fabrics, necessitating further research to enhance their performance. This study investigates the use of mahogany sawdust extract as a natural dye for cotton coloration, focusing on the enhancement of fastness properties through metallic mordants and associated environmental risks. Mahogany sawdust, rich in flavonoids and tannins, shows promise as a sustainable alternative to synthetic dyes. The dyeing process involves the extraction of natural dyes from sawmill bio‐waste and subsequent application onto cotton fabrics using various metallic mordants. Evaluation of colorfastness properties, color strength, color coordinates, tensile strength, FTIR, and SEM analysis provides insights into the dye‐fiber interactions and fabric properties. Environmental risk assessment considers metal exhaustion onto fabric surfaces, residual metal concentrations in mordant baths, and metal content in dyeing wastewater. Overall, this study contributes to the development of sustainable dyeing processes and highlights the importance of environmental considerations in textile coloration.Highlights
Mahogany sawdust extract: potential natural dye for sustainable cotton coloration.
Metallic mordants enhance colorfastness and fabric durability in dyeing processes.
Comprehensive analysis reveals the intricate dynamics of dye‐fiber interactions.
Environmental risk evaluation guides sustainable textile manufacturing practices.
Research paves the way for greener, more sustainable textile industry practices globally.
Health intervention trials involving transgender, transabled and transracial persons in Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Amzat Jimoh , Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem , Aminu Kafayat , Ismail Abbas , Salami Afeez Abolarinwa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundHealth intervention trials constitute important research efforts to find appropriate solutions to health issues affecting different populations. In many cases, it involves high‐risk groups such as the trans‐communities. This scoping review aims to review the existing health intervention trials involving transgender, transabled and transracial persons in Africa.MethodsThis scoping review adopted the research design by Arskey and O'Malley. Using the Population–Concept–Context framework, a robust systematic search of four research databases, including APA PsycINFO, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete and PubMed, was conducted to retrieve literature relevant to the review's question. Duplicate copies in the retrieved literature were removed using the Rayyan web‐based application. The residual literature was screened for relevance based on the review's inclusion and exclusion criteria, and only those eligible articles were included in this review. From the included literature, data were charted, collated, summarized and presented as results.ResultsThe scoping review included and reviewed only four articles, which reported studies involving transgender persons. No peer‐reviewed original research article on transabled and transracial persons in Africa was found eligible for inclusion in this review. All the reviewed articles focused on at‐risk, healthy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐uninfected adult participants ranging between the ages of 18 and 65 years. The domains investigated in those articles were on sexual health, HIV preventive drugs and vaccine trials. The reviewed findings showed the use of HIV‐inhibiting medications and HIV screening or testing as vital preventive interventions among transgender persons in Africa. The available research evidence shows sexuality reductionism about trans behaviour by neglecting other health domains.ConclusionHealth trial research on transracial, transgender and transabled persons is a largely underexplored research domain in Africa. More health intervention trials, beyond the domain of sexual health, are required to improve the health and well‐being of this highly marginalized population group in Africa.
Remaining useful life prediction method for rolling bearings based on hybrid dilated convolution transfer
Authors: Zhang Bo , Hu Changhua , Zhang Hao , Zheng Jianfei , Zhang Jianxun , Pei Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is difficult to effectively predict remaining useful life (RUL) due to limited training samples and lack of life labels in some operating conditions of practical engineering. When existing deep learning methods predict the RUL of equipment in such operating conditions using a model trained on other operating conditions, the poor generalization of the model caused by large distribution differences cannot be ignored. In this study, an RUL prediction method based on integrated dilated convolution transfer is proposed. This method jointly adjusts the model parameters by inverting the loss function of the RUL prediction module and the domain adaptive module, and then realizes the extraction of domain‐invariant features between different operating condition data through the feature extraction module, which provides support for transfer RUL prediction between different operating conditions. In the feature extraction module, a one‐dimensional convolution network with a large‐size kernel reduces noise in the original data, which reduces the erroneous effect of noise on the trending expression of the original data, and a hybrid dilated convolution network extracts the features of the different sensory fields of the noise‐reduced data, which increases the richness of the extracted features and thus improves the accuracy of the modeling. Next, the extracted features are fed into the RUL prediction module to predict RUL; into the classification model in the domain adaptation module to divide the source and target domains; and into the distribution difference measurement model in the domain adaptation module to identify the feature distribution differences between the source and target domains, and inversely adjust the model parameters by reducing the distribution differences. Furthermore, domain invariant characteristics of the features in different receptive fields under multiple operating conditions are obtained to enhance the model's generalization ability and achieve RUL prediction across various operating conditions. Monte Carlo (MC) dropout simulation technology is used to quantify the uncertainty of prediction results. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified using the prognostics and health management (PHM) 2012 bearing dataset.
Towards biogeomorphic river restoration: Vegetation as a critical driver of physical habitat
Authors: O'Briain Rossa , Corenblit Dov , Garófano‐Gómez Virginia , O'Leary Ciara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current focus of river restoration on flow and sediment transfer without proper consideration of vegetation as a key structuring agent, beyond its stabilising effect, is too simplistic. We contend that vegetation has an essential role in shaping the physical fluvial environment and should be considered equally alongside hydrogeomorphic processes in restoration projects. In support, we introduce engineer plants as important controls, along with flowing water and transported sediments, on the morphodynamics of river systems and associated physical habitat development. The effect of vegetation on channel planform is then summarised, the influence of vegetation on hydrogeomorphic connectivity is outlined, and then the role of vegetation in landform development and habitat provision, as encapsulated in the fluvial biogeomorphic succession model, is described. We then present examples demonstrating how vegetation has contributed to the recovery of degraded rivers through biogeomorphic processes. Finally, we advance the concept of biogeomorphic river restoration by proposing principles to support a closer synthesis of the component sciences and list key areas for practitioners to focus on. Vegetation succession has a significance that goes beyond its physical structure or influence on sediment stability. In many river settings, it is central to channel evolution. The coupled assembly of plant communities and fluvial landforms affect the development of spatially and temporally dynamic habitat through biogeomorphic interactions. Restoration approaches that do not fully consider this dynamic may fail to anticipate river behaviour and recovery trajectories.