bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Vagal Withdrawal During Mild Orthostatic Stress in Adolescents with Chronic Fatigue
Authors: Wyller Vegard Bruun , Barbieri Riccardo , Thaulow Erik , Saul J. Philip 
Published: September 2010

Background: Hemodynamic abnormalities have been documented in the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), indicating functional disturbances of the autonomic nervous system responsible for cardiovascular regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate autonomic heart rate control during mild orthostatic stress in adolescents with CFS. Methods: A total of 14 CFS patients and 56 healthy controls having equal distribution of age and gender underwent lower body negative pressure (LBNP) of ─20 mmHg. The RR interval (RRI) was recorded continuously, and spectral power densities were computed in the low‐frequency (LF) band (0.04–0.15 Hz) and the high‐frequency (HF) band (0.15–0.50 Hz) from segments of 120‐second length, using an autoregressive algorithm. In addition, the time‐domain indices SDNN, pNN50, and r‐MSSD were computed. Results: At rest, CFS had lower RRI than controls (P < 0.05), but indices of variability were similar in the two groups. During LBNP, compared to controls, CFS patients had lower normalized and absolute HF power and r‐MSSD (P < 0.05), and higher RRI (P < 0.001), normalized LF power and LF/HF (P < 0.05). Conclusions: During mild orthostatic stress, adolescents with CFS appear to have enhanced vagal withdrawal, leading to a sympathetic predominance of heart rate control compared to controls. Possible underlying mechanisms include hypovolemia and abnormalities of reflex mechanisms.
Frequent Premature Ventricular Complexes Originating from the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Are Associated with Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Kanei Yumiko , Friedman Meir , Ogawa Naomi , Hanon Sam , Lam Patrick , Schweitzer Paul 
Published: September 2010

Background: Recent case series have shown reversal of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after catheter ablation of frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) originating from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the prevalence of patients with frequent RVOT PVCs (≥10 per hour) and LV dysfunction. Methods: RVOT PVC was defined as PVC with left bundle branch block morphology and inferior axis on a 12‐lead ECG. We included patients with frequent RVOT PVCs on 24‐hours Holter monitor who had a recent evaluation of LV function. Patients with structural heart disease, including obstructive coronary artery disease, were excluded. Patients were divided into three groups based on the number of PVCs (<1000/24 hour, 1000–10,000/24 hour, ≥10,000/24 hour), and the prevalence of LV dysfunction was evaluated in each group. Results: Our analysis included 108 patients: 24 patients had <1000PVCs/24 hour, 55 patients had 1000–10,000PVCs/24 hour, and 29 patients had ≥10,000PVCs/24 hour. The prevalence of LV dysfunction was 4%, 12%, and 34%, respectively (P = 0.02). With logistic regression analysis, non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia was an independent predictor of LV dysfunction with odds ratio of 3.6 (1.3–10.1). Conclusion: We demonstrated a significant association between frequent RVOT PVCs and LV dysfunction in patients without structural heart disease.
Standard Template of Adult Magnetocardiogram
Authors: Kandori Akihiko , Ogata Kuniomi , Miyashita Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Yasushi , Tanaka Kimio , Murakami Masahiro , Oka Yuji , Takaki Hiroshi , Hashimoto Syuji , Yamada Yuko , Komamura Kazuo , Shimizu Wataru , Kamakura Shiro , Watanabe Shigeyuki , Yamaguchi Iwao 
Published: September 2010

Background:We need to know the magnetocardiogram (MCG) features regarding waveform and two‐dimensional current distribution in normal subjects in order to classify the abnormal waveform in patients with heart disease. However, a standard MCG waveform has not been produced yet, therefore, we have first made the standard template MCG waveform.Methods and Results:We used data from 464 normal control subjects' 64‐channel MCGs (268 males, 196 females) to produce a template MCG waveform. The measured data were averaged after shortening or lengthening and normalization. The time interval and amplitude of the averaged data were adjusted to mean values obtained from a database. Furthermore, the current distributions (current arrow maps [CAMs]) were calculated from the produced templates to determine the current distribution pattern.The produced template of the QRS complex had a typical shape in six regions that we defined (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6). In the P wave, the main current arrow in CAMs pointing in a lower‐left direction appeared in M1. In the QRS complex, the typical wave appeared in each region, and there were two main current arrows in M2 and M5. There were negative T waves in M1, M4, and M5, and positive T waves in M3 and M6, and the main current arrow pointing in a lower‐left direction appeared in M2.Conclusion:Template MCG waveforms were produced. These morphologic features were classified into six regions, and the current distribution was characterized in each region. Consequently, the templates and classifications enable understanding MCG features and writing clinical reports.
Ethnic Differences in ST Height in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Reddy Vikram K. , Gapstur Susan M. , Prineas Ronald , Colangelo Laura A. , Ouyang Pamela , Kadish Alan H. 
Published: September 2010

Background: ST elevation in precordial leads has been associated with genetic syndromes of arrhythmias and sudden death. ST height data in different ethnic groups are limited. Methods: ST height was determined in 4612 African‐American, Chinese, Hispanic, and non‐Hispanic white men and women aged 45–84 years in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). For leads I, II, and V1 to V6, ST height, measured at the J point and 60 ms after the J point, adjusted for covariates were compared between non‐Hispanic white and other ethnic groups using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: Among men, ST height was significantly different across all ethnic groups at both time points for all leads (P < 0.01), except at the J point for limb lead II (P = 0.2). Among women, differences were also significant at the J point and 60 ms past the J point (P < 0.01). ST height was lowest for non‐Hispanic whites in all leads and at both time points. At the J point, Chinese had the highest ST height for leads V1 and V2, whereas African Americans had the greatest ST height for leads I and V3 to V6. At 60 ms past the J point, Chinese men had the greatest ST height for lead I and V1 to V6; and Chinese women had greatest ST height for leads V1 to V3. Conclusions: There were significant differences in ST height among ethnic groups in all ECG leads. The physiological mechanisms and clinical significance of these differences and the possible association with arrhythmias require further study.
Neighborhood Streets as Meaningful Spaces: Claiming Rights to Shared Spaces in Tokyo
Authors: SORENSEN ANDRÉ 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe focus of this paper is the strategies of civic actors in a central Tokyo neighborhood to claim a voice in managing changes to their community and creating shared meanings for neighborhood streets and public spaces. In Yanaka an active community movement has worked to protect and improve shared community spaces by celebrating them as a historic legacy and a shared community resource, investing new and more complex values and claims on shared spaces, and redefining public streets as civic spaces in their neighborhood. They assert the rights of community participation in managing urban change by creating a neighborhood constitution, organizing art events and festivals in the streets, engaging new participants in shared property rights, proposing new criteria for evaluating urban change, and telling stories of a strong and distinct community. Claiming ownership of the meaning and management of local public spaces is a political strategy of self empowerment by community groups that has been relatively successful in this case.
Insurgent Citizenship in an Era of Global Urban Peripheries
Authors: HOLSTON JAMES 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe extraordinary urbanization of the 20th century has produced urban peripheries of devastating poverty and inequality in cities worldwide. At the same time, the struggles of their residents for the basic resources of daily life and shelter have also generated new movements of insurgent citizenship based on their claims to have a right to the city and a right to rights. The resulting contemporary metropolis is a site of collision between forces of exploitation and dispossession and increasingly coherent, yet still fragile and contradictory movements for new kinds of citizen power and social justice. This essay examines the entanglements of these insurgent urban citizenships both with entrenched systems of inequality and with new forms of destabilization and violence. Using the case of Brazil, it argues that these clashes entail conflicts of alternative formulations of citizenship and that sites of metropolitan innovation often emerge at the very sites of metropolitan degradation.
Facilitation by Variation: Right‐to‐Left Learning of English Yes/No Questions
Authors: Estigarribia Bruno 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study advances the hypothesis that optional structural variation in language facilitates syntactic learning (facilitation‐by‐variation). Support for this is provided by a right‐to‐left‐elaboration acquisition model for English yes/no questions (YNQs). Previous studies have focused on the acquisition of ‘‘inverted’’ YNQs, a cornerstone of nativist theories of language development. Data from five American children (1;3 to 5;1) and their parents show that children hear a range of adult questions (Coming?You coming?Are you coming?), not all inverted. These variants are ordered from structurally least complex noncanonical forms to complex canonical inverted forms. I use state‐of‐the‐art econometric techniques to estimate breakpoints in YNQ time series and show that noncanonical questions emerge early in children’s speech and facilitate acquisition of canonical ones. This incremental structure‐building process relies on an adjunction strategy that augments noncanonical questions with initial auxiliaries and subjects. Development proceeds incrementally from right to left to derive auxiliary‐initial structures.
Effect of Representational Distance Between Meanings on Recognition of Ambiguous Spoken Words
Authors: Mirman Daniel , Strauss Ted J. , Dixon James A. , Magnuson James S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPrevious research indicates that mental representations of word meanings are distributed along both semantic and syntactic dimensions such that nouns and verbs are relatively distinct from one another. Two experiments examined the effect of representational distance between meanings on recognition of ambiguous spoken words by comparing recognition of unambiguous words, noun–verb homonyms, and noun–noun homonyms. In Experiment 1, auditory lexical decision was fastest for unambiguous words, slower for noun–verb homonyms, and slowest for noun–noun homonyms. In Experiment 2, response times for matching spoken words to pictures followed the same pattern and eye fixation time courses revealed converging, gradual time course differences between conditions. These results indicate greater competition between meanings of ambiguous words when the meanings are from the same grammatical class (noun–noun homonyms) than when they are from different grammatical classes (noun–verb homonyms).
Five Reasons to Doubt the Existence of a Geometric Module
Authors: Twyman Alexandra D. , Newcombe Nora S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt is frequently claimed that the human mind is organized in a modular fashion, a hypothesis linked historically, though not inevitably, to the claim that many aspects of the human mind are innately specified. A specific instance of this line of thought is the proposal of an innately specified geometric module for human reorientation. From a massive modularity position, the reorientation module would be one of a large number that organized the mind. From the core knowledge position, the reorientation module is one of five innate and encapsulated modules that can later be supplemented by use of human language. In this paper, we marshall five lines of evidence that cast doubt on the geometric module hypothesis, unfolded in a series of reasons: (1) Language does not play a necessary role in the integration of feature and geometric cues, although it can be helpful. (2) A model of reorientation requires flexibility to explain variable phenomena. (3) Experience matters over short and long periods. (4) Features are used for true reorientation. (5) The nature of geometric information is not as yet clearly specified. In the final section, we review recent theoretical approaches to the known reorientation phenomena.
Searching for pheromone strains in the pecan nut casebearer
Authors: Hartfield Emilie A. , Harris Marvin K. , Medina Raul F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe pecan nut casebearer, Acrobasis nuxvorella Nuenzig (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is the most damaging insect pest of pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Wang) K. Koch (Juglandaceae), in the USA and Mexico. A pheromone monitoring program for A. nuxvorella has been developed to assist pecan growers in the timing of insecticide applications. The discovery that there are two pheromone types produced by A. nuxvorella has led to complications in the implementation of pheromone monitoring programs. One pheromone (referred to as standard) is attractive to moths in the southern USA, but not in Mexico. The other pheromone (referred to as Mexican) is attractive to moths in the southern USA and in Mexico. Because most male lepidopterans respond only to a specific pheromone, it was suspected that there were two pheromone strains of A. nuxvorella, one exclusively present in the northern distribution of A. nuxvorella (USA strain) and the other widely distributed from Sonora, Chihuahua, and Durango in northern Mexico to Texas, Georgia, and Oklahoma in the USA (Mexican strain). The goal of this research was to determine whether differences in pheromone response are sufficient to genetically isolate A. nuxvorella into pheromone strains. To confirm the existence of the two alleged pheromone strains, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were obtained and analyzed. Four primer combinations were used to obtain a total of 483 polymorphic AFLP markers. Our results indicated that the standard and Mexican pheromones did not group A. nuxvorella into pheromone strains. However, three genetically distinct populations of A. nuxvorella were identified. Two of those three populations are sympatric throughout the southern USA and one is allopatric relative to the other two and occurs exclusively in pecan growing regions of Mexico.
Dissecting the association between a gall midge, Asteromyia carbonifera, and its symbiotic fungus, Botryosphaeria dothidea
Authors: Heath Jeremy J. , Stireman John O. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Ambrosia gall midge [Asteromyia carbonifera (Osten Sacken) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Alycaulini)] consists, in part, of a complex of genetically differentiated populations that have diverged in gall morphology on the host plant Solidago altissima L. (Asteraceae). This divergence appears to be an incipient adaptive radiation that may be driven by parasitoid pressure. Understanding the mechanisms driving this genetic and phenotypic diversification requires a close examination of the relationship between the midge and its fungal associate Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.) Ces. & De Not. (Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes), whose mycelia actually form the protective gall structure. We used manipulative experiments to test the degree of interdependency of the fungus and the midge, and we employed field and laboratory studies to gain insight into the source of fungal conidia, which our data and observations indicate are collected by females and stored in specialized pockets (mycangia) on the ovipositor. Manipulative experiments demonstrate that fungal proliferation on the host plant is dependent on the midge larvae and larvae exhibit significant growth on the fungus alone. Field observations and experiments were unable to identify the source of mycangial conidia; however, analyses of conidia shape suggest a biotrophic source. We conclude that this association is an obligatory mutualism with respect to successful gall formation. These findings corroborate recent findings that the primary food source of the midge is the gall fungus.
Reconstruction of mandibular defects following tumor ablation by vertical distraction osteogenesis using intraosseous distraction devices
Authors: Kunkel Martin , Wahlmann Ulrich , Reichert Torsten E. , Wegener Joachim , Wagner Wilfried 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: Distraction osteogenesis has recently evolved a challenging technique to overcome major drawbacks of conventional augmentation procedures. We, therefore, report the application of miniaturized intraosseous distraction devices for the rehabilitation of mandibular defects due to ablative tumor surgery.Methods: In 10 patients who had undergone box‐shaped or segmental resections, augmentation of the residual mandibular bone or of full thickness iliac crest grafts was performed by intraosseous implant‐shaped distractors. Distraction and reconsolidation was monitored by ultrasonography. Implants were inserted within 1 week after active distraction. Median follow‐up after implant insertion was 38 months.Results: On average, a vertical gain of 7.3 mm was obtained by distraction. Except for one case (local infection), all distraction zones showed complete ossification by radiologic and ultrasonographic evaluation. Overall 28 implants were placed in the distracted bone. Two implants were lost at 2.4 and 22 months after placement. The estimated 4‐year implant survival rate in this population was 90%. For the endpoint ‘bone loss’ (>1.5 mm in the first and >1 mm in following years), the estimated 4‐year success rate was 59% with four out of seven events occurring in a single patient (patient No. 1 of this series).Conclusion: Vertical distraction by means of implant distractors could be performed with reasonable success in tumor patients with box‐shaped resection defects or undercontoured bone grafts. Overall morbidity was very low. Even though blood supply is continuously maintained in distraction osteogenesis, bone resorption remains a critical issue for this reconstruction technique too.
Effect of strain at low‐frequency loading on peri‐implant bone (re)modelling: a guinea‐pig experimental study
Authors: De Smet Els , Jaecques Siegfried V. N. , Jansen John J. , Walboomers Frank , Vander Sloten Jos , Naert Ignace E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: To investigate whether controlled early loading enhances peri‐implant bone mass and bone‐to‐implant contact. Low‐frequency stimulation (3 Hz) and varying force amplitudes, causing varying strains, were applied in three guinea‐pig series.Material and methods: Three series of guinea‐pigs received percutaneous TiO2‐blasted implants in both tibiae. One week after implant installation, one implant was stimulated with a sinusoidally varying bending moment while the contra‐lateral implant served as an unloaded control. Force amplitudes of 0.5, 1 and 2 N were applied on a 20‐mm‐long cantilever, resulting in strains of 133, 267 and 533 μɛ, respectively, measured by a strain gauge bonded on the surface of the tibial bone at 1.3 mm from the implant's distal surface. Implant stability was followed by means of resonance frequency analysis. Bone‐to‐implant contact and bone mass [BM (%) bone occupied area fraction] were analysed histomorphometrically.Results: A significant positive effect on the difference in bone mass at the stimulated vs. at the control side was observed in the distal half peri‐implant marrow cavity for early mechanical stimulation at a frequency of 3 Hz (P<0.0001). An optimum was reached for the applied load, which causes a strain of approximately 267 μɛ 1.3 mm from the implant. Implant stability gradually increased in time; no significant effect of early stimulation could be measured.Conclusions: The effect of early controlled mechanical stimulation on the peri‐implant bone, in this cortical bone model, is strongly dependent on force amplitude/strain at low‐frequency stimulation.
Lateral ridge augmentation using particulated or block bone substitutes biocoated with rhGDF‐5 and rhBMP‐2: an immunohistochemical study in dogs
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Rothamel Daniel , Herten Monika , Ferrari Daniel , Sager Martin , Becker Jürgen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the present study was to immunohistochemically evaluate lateral ridge augmentation using a particulated (BOG) or block (BOB) natural bone mineral biocoated with rhGDF‐5 and rhBMP‐2 in dogs.Materials and methods: Three standardized box‐shaped defects were surgically created at the buccal aspect of the alveolar ridge in each quadrant of eight beagle dogs. After 2 months of healing, the chronic‐type defects were randomly allocated in a split‐mouth design to either (i) BOG or (ii) BOB biocoated with (a) rhGDF‐5 or (b) rhBMP‐2, respectively. Uncoated grafts served as controls. After 3 and 8 weeks, dissected blocks were prepared for immunohistochemical [osteocalcin (OC)] and histomorphometrical analysis [e.g. area (mm2) of new bone fill (BF), newly formed mineralized (MT) and non‐mineralized tissue (NMT)].Results: rhBMP‐2 biocoated BOG revealed significantly highest BF and MT values at 3 (upper and lower jaws – UJ/LJ – compared with BOG) and 8 weeks (UJ – compared with rhGDF‐5). Biocoating of BOB using both rhGDF‐5 and rhBMP‐2 resulted in significantly increased MT values at 8 weeks (UJ/LJ – compared with BOB). In all groups, NMT adjacent to BOG and BOB scaffolds revealed pronounced signs of an OC antigen reactivity.Conclusions: Within the limits of the present study, it was concluded that both rhGDF‐5 and rhBMP‐2 have shown efficacy; however, their bone regenerative effect was markedly influenced by the carrier.