bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early exposure to solid foods and the development of eczema in children up to 4 years of age
Authors: Sariachvili Manana , Droste Jos , Dom Sandra , Wieringa Marjan , Hagendorens Margo , Stevens Wim , Van Sprundel Marc , Desager Kristien , Weyler Joost 
Published: July 2009

Sariachvili M, Droste J, Dom S, Wieringa M, Hagendorens M, Stevens W, van Sprundel M, Desager K, Weyler J. Early exposure to solid foods and the development of eczema in children up to 4 years of age. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: 74–81. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SEarly exposure to solid foods in infancy has been associated with the development of allergic diseases. However, scientific evidence for this is conflicting. The aim of this study was to examine the association between early exposure to solid foods in the infant’s diet and the development of eczema up to 4 years of age. We conducted an etiologic case–control study nested in the PIPO cohort (Prospective Cohort on the Influence of Perinatal Factors on the Occurrence of Asthma and Allergies). In this cohort data on nutrition, environmental exposures and parent‐reported eczema were collected prospectively starting from 5 months pregnancy by means of questionnaires administered during two home visits and semi‐annual postal questionnaires. In addition, detailed information on the timing of introduction of solid foods at individual food item level was collected at 1 year of age. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using logistic regression analysis as a measure of association between eczema and the timing of exposure to solid foods. Early introduction (within the first 4 months) of solid foods was inversely associated with eczema up to 4 years of age (adj OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.32–0.74). Moreover, we found that early exposure to solid foods was associated with a reduced risk for eczema only among children with allergic parents (adj OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.20–0.63), whereas no significant effect was found among children with non‐allergic parents (adj OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.37–1.29). The results of this study show that early exposure to solid foods is associated with less parent‐reported eczema in children, particularly among children with allergic parents. Therefore, the current study does not support a delayed introduction of solid foods for the prevention of eczema in childhood.
Probiotics and prebiotics in atopic dermatitis: review of the theoretical background and clinical evidence
Authors: Van Der Aa Leontien B. , Heymans Hugo S.A. , Van Aalderen Wim M.C. , Sprikkelman Aline B. 
Published: July 2009

van der Aa LB, Heymans HSA, van Aalderen WMC, Sprikkelman AB. Probiotics and prebiotics in atopic dermatitis: review of the theoretical background and clinical evidence. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: e355–e367. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SThe prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has risen over the past decades, especially in western societies. According to the revised hygiene hypothesis this increase is caused by a changed intestinal colonization pattern during infancy, which has an impact on the immune system. Manipulating the intestinal microflora with pro‐, pre‐ or synbiotics is an innovative way to prevent or treat AD. This review provides an overview of the theoretical basis for using probiotics and prebiotics in AD and presents the current evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding prevention and treatment of AD and food allergy in children with pro‐, pre‐ and synbiotics. Seven RCTs on prevention and 12 RCTs on treatment were found by searching the Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases. Results of these trials are conflicting. In conclusion, at this moment there is not enough evidence to support the use of pro‐, pre‐ or synbiotics for prevention or treatment of AD in children in clinical practice.
Specific oral tolerance induction (SOTI) in pediatric age: Clinical research or just routine practice?
Authors: Sopo Stefano Miceli , Onesimo Roberta , Giorgio Valentina , Fundarò Carlo 
Published: July 2009

Miceli Sopo S, Onesimo R, Giorgio V, Fundarò C. Specific oral tolerance induction (SOTI) in pediatric age: Clinical research or just routine practice? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: e446–e449. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SSpecific Oral Tolerance (SOTI) is a promising therapy of food allergy, specially for IgE‐mediated cow milk allergy (CMA) in pediatric age. Randomized controlled trials have reported that about 35% of children, at least 5 years of age, became full tolerant to cow milk proteins after SOTI. Regard to the safety, literature describes about 200 children who underwent SOTI, with no fatal events. Nevertheless, a considerable percentage of those children (15%–20%) had to stop SOTI, because of important adverse effects. Numerous protocols have been described, some audacious and other prudent, however all demand an intense commitment either of the doctors and of the families. The information about the follow up of the children who underwent SOTI are still insufficient. For these reasons, we think that SOTI is still an experimental therapy.
Ultrastructural features of the process of wound healing after tail and limb amputation in lizard
Authors: Alibardi L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAlibardi, L. 2010. Ultrastructural features of the process of wound healing after tail and limb amputation in lizard.—Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 91: 306–318Wound healing and re‐epitelization after amputation of tail and limb in lizard have been studied by electron microscopy to understand the cytological base of immunity to infection in this species. After 2 days post‐amputation in both limb and tail stumps, numerous granulocytes are accumulated over the stump, and participate to the formation of the scab. Bacteria remain confined to the scab or are engulfed by leukocytes and migrating keratinocytes located underneath the scab. Bacteria are degraded within lysosomes present in these cells and are not observed among mesenchymal cells or in blood vessels of the regenerative blastema. Granulocytes, migrating keratinocytes, and later macrophages form an effective barrier responsible for limiting microbe penetration. The innate immunity in lizard is very effective in natural (dirty) condition and impedes the spreading of infection to inner tissues. While the complete re‐epitelization of the tail stump underneath the scab requires 4–7 days, the same process in the limb requires 8–18 or more days post‐amputation, depending from the level of amputation and the persistence of a protruding humerus or femurs on the stump surface. This delay produces the permanence of inflammatory cells such as granulocytes and macrophages in the limb stump for a much longer period than in the tail stump, a process that stimulates scarring.
The fate of an unsatisfactory urine cytology test among patients with urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Ordon Michael , Boerner Scott , Zlotta Alexandre R. , Jewett Michael A. , Fleshner Neil 
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVETo determine the outcome of patients with a urinary cytology test that is unsatisfactory (UUCyt) for evaluation (<50 urothelial cells) to guide the clinical decision‐making process, as currently there are no guidelines to aid in interpreting this result and directing further investigations.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed 142 patients, with 265 instances of UUCyt, in our bladder cancer database and by chart review. The cytology, cystoscopy and pathology results in the subsequent 12 months after a UUCyt result were reviewed, and the incidence of new and recurrent genitourinary tract cancers was calculated.RESULTSAll patients had a previous history of, or developed, urothelial carcinoma during the follow‐up. There were 41 instances (16.3%) in which bladder cancer was evident at the time of the UUCyt and 29% of these tumours were high‐grade. There were another 44 instances (17.5%) in which new or recurrent bladder cancer developed in the subsequent year after a UUCyt test, and many (38.6%) of these tumours were high‐grade.CONCLUSIONThe incidence of urothelial carcinoma after a UUCyt was high (33.9%) with a substantial number of high‐grade (34%) tumours, implying that a UUCyt result cannot be interpreted as negative for malignancy. Therefore, in these cases, the urologist must depend on cystoscopy to make a diagnosis.
Para‐anastomotic haematoma volume predicts the presence of anastomotic extravasation after radical retropubic prostatectomy
Authors: O’Malley Rebecca L. , Telegrafi Shpetim , Laze Juliana , Lepor Herbert 
Published: July 2009

Study Type – Therapy (case series)  Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo determine the mechanism for delayed healing of the urinary anastomosis after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP).PATIENTS AND METHODSThe volumes of the para‐anastomotic haematoma (PHV) and anastomotic extravasation were measured by ultrasonography in 95 men after RRP. The performance characteristics of PHV for predicting urinary extravasation were ascertained and compared with that of postoperative blood loss, measured as the difference between the haematocrit immediately after RRP and that at discharge.RESULTSThe sensitivity and specificity of PHV for predicting urinary extravasation at a threshold of 37 mL was 100% and 96%, respectively. PHV was superior to postoperative blood loss in predicting anastomotic extravasation, as shown by an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.99 vs 0.91, respectively.CONCLUSIONSOur findings provide compelling evidence that delayed healing of the anastomosis after RRP is due to distraction forces secondary to a pelvic haematoma. The accuracy of PHV as a predictor of anastomotic extravasation suggests that this measurement might replace cystography for assessing anastomotic integrity after RRP.
The need for ureteric re‐implantation during augmentation cystoplasty: video‐urodynamic evaluation
Authors: Soygur Tarkan , Burgu Berk , Zümrütbas Ali , Süer Evren 
Published: July 2009

Study Type – Therapy (case series)  Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo evaluate video‐urodynamic (VUD) results before and after surgery in children with high‐pressure, low‐compliance bladders and vesico‐ureteric reflux (VUR), who had augmentation cystoplasty with no antireflux surgery, hypothesising that in these patients, poor preoperative bladder dynamics is not always the cause of the associated VUR, as VUR persists in some patients.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe assessed objective VUD criteria where antireflux surgery might potentially be necessary to avoid reflux after augmentation, and retrospectively evaluated the clinical consequences of persistent VUR and compared it to those whom VUR resolved. In all, 19 patients with VUR and hypocompliant bladders (mean age 11.4 years, range 5–21) had augmentation ileocystoplasty. Lower urinary tract function was assessed before surgery and at 3 and 6 months afterward with VUD. Symptomatic febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) and progressive renal scarring on scintigraphy were retrospectively evaluated in all patients.RESULTSVUR persisted in nine patients despite a low‐pressure bladder. In all patients with persistent VUR, VUD at 6 months after surgery showed that VUR started at low bladder volumes (mean 29.6 mL, range 19–52) and low pressures (mean 14.6 cmH2O, range 9.6–25) when compared to the group with no persistent VUR. Before surgery VUD showed that reflux started at the beginning of the filling phase (mean 14.8 mL, range 8–33) with very low intravesical pressures (mean 7.8 cmH2O, range 4–17) in these nine patients. During the follow‐up febrile UTIs were significantly more frequent in the group with persistent VUR. One patient had progressive renal scarring on scintigraphy after cystoplasty.CONCLUSIONPreoperative VUD findings might be a very important predictor of the spontaneous resolution of VUR. In these patients concomitant VUR should be corrected simultaneously during bladder augmentation if it starts at low pressures on preoperative VUD, as persistence of VUR can induce scarring from febrile UTIs.
Relations of Temperament to Maladjustment and Ego Resiliency in At‐risk Children
Authors: Eisenberg Nancy , Haugen Rg , Spinrad Tracy L. , Hofer Claire , Chassin Laurie , Zhou Qing , Kupfer Anne , Smith Cynthia L. , Valiente Carlos , Liew Jeffrey 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe relations of control/regulation‐related temperamentally based dispositions (effortful control (EC), impulsivity, and approach/avoidance) to externalizing problems and personality ego resiliency were examined in a sample of 467 children (M age = 7.46 years), some of whom were children of alcoholics (COAs). In addition, we examined if the relations of temperamental regulation/control to maladjustment/ego resiliency were moderated by COA status or sex of the child. In general, regulated, controlled temperament was negatively related to externalizing problems and EC was positively related to ego resiliency. Relations between a problematic temperament and externalizing problems were stronger and sometimes only found for COAs, especially male COAs. Ego resiliency was positively related to high father‐reported approach for boys who were not sons of alcoholics. In addition, COA status was related to high impulsivity, approach behavior, and externalizing problems and low EC.
Relations between Theory of Mind and Indirect and Physical Aggression in Kindergarten: Evidence of the Moderating Role of Prosocial Behaviors
Authors: Renouf Annie , Brendgen Mara , Parent Sophie , Vitaro Frank , David Zelazo Philip , Boivin Michel , Dionne Ginette , Tremblay Richard E. , Pérusse Daniel , Séguin Jean R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe present study examined the association between theory of mind and indirect versus physical aggression, as well as the potential moderating role of prosocial behavior in this context. Participants were 399 twins and singletons drawn from two longitudinal studies in Canada. At five years of age, children completed a theory of mind task and a receptive vocabulary task. A year later, teachers evaluated children's indirect and physical aggression and prosocial behavior. Indirect aggression was significantly and positively associated with theory of mind skills, but only in children with average or low levels of prosocial behavior. Physical aggression was negatively associated with prosocial behavior but not with theory of mind. Each analysis included gender, receptive vocabulary, and the respective other subtype of aggression as control variables. These results did not differ between girls and boys or between twins and singletons. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Impact of hyperglycaemia and cholesterol levels on the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients
Authors: Cesari M , Caramma I , Antinori S , Adorni F , Galli M , Milazzo L 
Published: July 2009

ObjectivesHigh serum total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) levels have been demonstrated to increase the probability of a sustained viral response (SVR) in chronic hepatitis C. Conversely, insulin resistance reduces SVR rates. We investigated the influence of baseline glucose and lipid values on the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in HIV‐1 infected subjects.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the charts of HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients treated with an interferon‐based regimen from 2002 to 2008. Fasting glucose levels and total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels were recorded prior to the initiation of treatment.ResultsOf the 96 patients enrolled in the study, 36 (37.5%) had genotype 1, 48 (50%) genotype 2 or 3 and 12 (12.5%) genotype 4. SVR was obtained in 25% (nine of 36) and 70% (42 of 60) of patients with genotype 1 and other genotypes, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of SVR were: genotype other than genotype 1 [adjusted odds ratio 9.64, confidence interval (CI) 2.7–34.3; P<0.0001], HCV viraemia [adjusted odds ratio 0.36, CI 0.15–0.9; P=0.028], fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL [adjusted odds ratio 0.13, CI 0.034–0.51; P=0.003], and cholesterol level ≥190 mg/dL [adjusted odds ratio 5.96, CI 1.6–22.3; P=0.008].ConclusionsHigher baseline serum glucose and cholesterol levels may be significant prognostic indicators for anti‐HCV treatment outcome in HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients.
The relationship between antiretroviral prescription patterns and treatment guidelines in treatment‐naïve HIV‐1‐infected patients
Authors: Suarez‐Lozano I , Viciana P , Lacalle J‐R , Teira R , Lozano F , Lopez‐Aldeguer J , Pedrol E , Domingo P , Cosin J , Roca B , Geijo P , Fuente B , Vergara A , Ribera E , Galindo M‐J , Zapata A , Sanchez T , Vidal F , Munoz‐Sanz A , Munoz‐Sanchez J , Garrido M 
Published: July 2009

BackgroundReports have shown that the publication of practice guidelines does not guarantee their use in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agreement between antiretroviral treatments (ARTs) prescribed in clinical practice and the recommendations in published guidelines.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out in ART‐naïve adults of the Spanish Asociacion Medica Vach de Estudios Multicentricos (VACH) Cohort for the period from 2003 to 2006.ResultsA total of 945 patients initiated ART. Of these patients, 12.3% had a CD4 cell count above 350 cells/μL. A ‘nonrecommended’ antiretroviral regimen was prescribed to 5.3, 5.1 and 7.8% of patients with CD4 counts <200, 200–350 and >350 cells/μL, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that only a higher viral load was associated with the selection of a combination treatment that was recommended by the guidelines.ConclusionsMost patients were prescribed initial treatments in agreement with the recommendations. Appropriate routine data collection in databases can be used to evaluate the level of antiretroviral guideline compliance. We propose that routine evaluations of the guidelines must be part of quality assessment to improve medical care.
Social assistance and minimum income benefits in old and new EU democracies
Authors: Nelson Kenneth 
Published: July 2009

Nelson K. Social assistance and minimum income benefits in old and new EU democraciesInt J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 367–378 © 2009 The Author, Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.In this article, social assistance developments are analysed in a large number of European Union (EU) member states, including European transition countries and the new democracies of southern Europe. The empirical analysis is based on the unique and recently established SaMip Dataset, which provides social assistance benefit levels for 27 countries from 1990 to 2005. It is shown that social assistance benefits have had a less favourable development than that of unemployment provision. Hardly any of the investigated countries provide social assistance benefits above the EU near‐poverty threshold. Social assistance benefit levels have not converged in Europe. Instead, divergence can be observed, which is due mainly to lagging developments in eastern and southern Europe.
Changing Landscapes of Power: Opulence and the Urge for Authenticity
Authors: ZUKIN SHARON 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMoving beyond two often used constructs that describe recent socio‐spatial changes in cities — gentrification and neoliberalism — this discussion suggests working with the aesthetic idea of authenticity to support the right to a diverse city. As an analytic construct, authenticity has several virtues: it directs attention to culture as well as political economy in the development of global urbanism; it connects to the pervasive modern search for sources of ‘real’ identity; and it reflects concern with changes in urban experience, as well as with physical displacement in the built environment. Reviewing the post‐second world war history of US cities, as they replaced the ‘urban village’ with the ‘corporate city’, and more recent examples from New York City, I consider capital, the state, the growing power of the media and new middle‐class tastes.Résumé Dépassant deux notions fréquemment utilisées pour décrire les récentes évolutions socio‐spatiales urbaines (gentrification et néolibéralisme), cette discussion propose de recourir à l'idée esthétique d'authenticité pour défendre le droit à une ville diversifiée. Comme concept analytique, l'authenticité revêt plusieurs vertus : elle oriente l'intérêt vers la culture et l'économie politique dans l'élaboration d'un urbanisme globalisé; elle rejoint l'incessante quête moderne de sources d'identité‘réelle'; elle traduit une préoccupation des transformations de l'expérience urbaine, ainsi que du déplacement physique dans un environnement bâti. En reprenant l'histoire des villes américaines après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, lesquelles ont remplacé le ‘village urbain’ par la ‘ville économique’, avec des cas new‐yorkais plus récents, ce travail s'intéresse aux capitaux, à l'État, au pouvoir des médias et aux goûts des classes moyennes.
When Local Housing Becomes an Electronic Instrument: The Global Circulation of Mortgages — A Research Note
Authors: SASSEN SASKIA 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe securitizing of mortgages has brought with it a new channel for extracting household income, bundling it up with other types of debt and selling it off to financial investors. Extending this concept to modest‐income households opens up a global potential market comprising billions of households. The first part of this article examines how mortgages for modest‐income households could jump circuits and function as investment instruments in the secondary financial circuit, thereby making the creditworthiness of mortgage holders irrelevant as a source of profit, to the disadvantage of modest‐income households. The second part examines the potential for this mechanism in major regions of the world. The critical indicator used is the low ratios of residential mortgage capital to GDP, a ratio far lower than in the US and other developed economies. The final section examines the costs of this innovation — for cities, for various countries and for banks.Résumé Avec la titrisation des crédits hypothécaires, est apparu un nouveau canal de prélèvement des revenus des ménages, amalgaméà d’autres types de dettes et revendu à des investisseurs financiers. Étendre ce concept aux ménages modestes ouvre sur un marché potentiel mondial de plusieurs milliards de foyers. Dans une première partie, ce travail étudie comment les prêts hypothécaires destinés aux ménages à revenus modestes ont pu passer d’un circuit à un autre jusqu’à opérer comme instruments de placement sur le circuit financier secondaire, rendant la solvabilité des créanciers hypothécaires insignifiante en tant que source de profit, au désavantage des ménages modestes. Dans une deuxième partie, est examiné le potentiel de ce mécanisme dans les grandes régions du globe. Le principal indicateur utilisé est la faiblesse des ratios ‘capitaux des crédits hypothécaires au logement sur PIB’, un ratio très inférieur au États‐Unis et dans d’autres économies développées. La dernière partie s’intéresse aux coûts de cette innovation, à la fois pour les villes, les différents pays et les banques.