bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation and analysis of the multicore performance impact on scientific applications
Authors: Simon Tyler A. , McGalliard James 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWith the proliferation of large multicore high‐performance computing systems, application performance is often negatively affected. This paper provides benchmark results for a representative workload from the Department of Defense High‐performance Computing Modernization Program. The tests were run on a Cray XT‐3 and XT‐4, which use dual‐ and quad‐core AMD Opteron microprocessors. We use a combination of synthetic kernel and application benchmarks to examine the cache performance, MPI task placement strategies and compiler optimizations. Our benchmarks show performance behavior similar to that reported in other studies and sites. Dual‐ and quad‐core tests show a run‐time performance penalty compared with single‐core runs on the same systems. We attribute this performance degradation to a combination of L1 to main memory contention and task placement within the application. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detecting misbehaving units on computational grids
Authors: Martins Felipe S. , Andrade Rossana M. , dos Santos Aldri L. , Schulze Bruno , de Souza José N. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractComputational grids are characterized by the collaborative work among environment devices. Further, grid applications have been built based on reputation solutions. However, those applications can suffer due to attacks from malicious nodes. These nodes may not only corrupt the result from processed jobs, but also intentionally acquire a good reputation so as to obtain privileges to damage other nodes. In order to detect and isolate these malicious nodes (known as intelligent cheating nodes) from a P2P grid computing, this work proposes a system‐level diagnosis model, using a strategy based on voting and honeypots. The model is evaluated by means of scenarios that take into account different percentages of malicious and cheating nodes. Achieved results show the robustness and efficiency of our diagnosis model, once all cheating nodes can be detected, with an accuracy of 99.4% of jobs being correctly processed. Furthermore, a graphical user interface is implemented for visualizing the simulations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical Study on Hydrogen‐Bond Effects in IR Spectra of High‐ and Low‐Temperature Phases of Nitric Acid Dihydrate
Authors: Martín‐Llorente Beatriz , Fernández‐Torre Delia , Escribano Rafael 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe low‐ and high‐temperature phases (α and β, respectively) of solid nitric acid dihydrate (NAD) are studied in depth by DFT methods. Each phase contains two types of complex structures (H3O+)⋅(H2O), designated A and B, with different hydrogen‐bonding (HB) characteristics. The theoretical study reveals that type A complexes are weakly bound and could be described as (H3O)+ and H2O aggregates, with decoupled vibrational modes, whereas in type B structures the proton is situated close to the centre of the O⋅⋅⋅O bond and induces strong vibrational coupling. The proton‐transfer mode is predicted at quite different wavenumbers in each complex, which provides an important differentiating spectral feature, together with splitting of some bands in β‐NAD. Theoretical spectra are estimated by using two GGA parameterizations, namely, PBE and BLYP. The potential‐energy surface for each type of HB in NAD is also studied, as is the spectral influence of displacement of the shared H atom along the OO bond. The results are compared to literature infrared spectra recorded by different techniques, namely, transmission and reflection–absorption, with both normal and tilted incident radiation. This work provides a thorough assignment of the observed spectra, and predictions for some spectra not yet available. The usefulness of high‐level theoretical calculations as performed herein to discriminate between two phases of a solid crystal is thus evidenced.
Facile and Reproducible Synthesis of Nanostructured Colloidal ZnO Nanoparticles from Zinc Acetylacetonate: Effect of Experimental Parameters and Mechanistic Investigations
Authors: Famengo Alessia , Anantharaman Sankaran , Ischia Gloria , Causin Valerio , Natile Marta Maria , Maccato Chiara , Tondello Eugenio , Bertagnolli Helmut , Gross Silvia 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA facile and reproducible route to nanostructured colloidal ZnO nanoparticles was developed by controlled hydrolysis and condensation of zinc acetylacetonate in alkaline conditions. By reaction of an ethanolic solution of Zn(acac)2with NaOH in a 1:2 molar ratio, after reflux, ZnO spherical nanoparticles were obtained that displayed a homogeneous size distribution; particle diameters ranged from 6 to 10 nm, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The same reaction was carried out also in water, glycerol and 1,2‐propanediol, to investigate the effect of the solvent viscosity and dielectric constant on the final features of the obtained material. Irrespective of the nature of the solvent, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows the formation ofhexagonal ZnO, whereas the presence of residual unreacted Zn(acac)2could be ruled out. Indeed, different particle sizes and very different morphologies were obtained. Also the reflux step was shown to be a key factor in avoiding the fast precipitation of a floc and achieving a pure compound, which was isolated and thoroughly characterised. The composition of the obtained ZnO was determined by elemental analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), showing the formation of pure ZnO. IR spectroscopy evidenced the presence of adsorbed organic ligands on the colloid surfaces. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) revealed the presence of medium‐ to high‐strength acidic sites on the ZnO surface. To gain a deeper insight into the formation mechanisms of these nanostructures, time‐resolved UV/Vis and XAS studies were performed on the ethanol solution used for the synthesis of the oxide and also on the solid specimen, obtained after the refluxing step. No remarkable changes could be evidenced in the solution after the addition of an understoichiometric amount of NaOH, but the growth of the ZnO nanoparticles could be followed by UV/Vis spectra. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Origin of the Paramagnetic Properties of the Mixed‐Valence Polyoxometalate [GeV14O40]8– Reduced by Two Electrons: Wave Function Theory and Model Hamiltonian Calculations
Authors: Suaud N. , Masaro Y. , Coronado E. , Clemente‐Juan J. M. , Guihéry N. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe aim of the work is to give an explanation of the magnetic properties of a mixed‐valence [GeV14O40]8– polyoxometalate reduced by two electrons, which, in contrast to what happens in other two‐electron‐reduced polyoxometalates, does not show any magnetic coupling between the two unpaired electrons. For this purpose, a quantitative evaluation of the microscopic electronic parameters (electron transfer, magnetic coupling, magnetic orbital energy, and Coulomb repulsion) of the mixed‐valence polyoxometalate cluster is performed. The parameters are extracted from valence‐spectroscopy large configuration interaction (CI) calculations on embedded fragments. Then, these parameters are used in an extended t‐J model Hamiltonian suited to model the properties of the whole anion. The analysis of the wave functions of the lowest singlet and triplet states and of the microscopic parameters emphasizes that the electron delocalization in this mixed‐valence cluster is such that each unpaired electron is almost trapped in a different half of the polyoxovanadate, thus disabling any exchange interaction between them.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Pd‐Catalyzed Reactions of Allenylphosphonates and Related Allenes with Functionalized 2‐Iodophenols, 2‐Iodobenzoic Acid, and 2‐Iodobenzyl Alcohol Leading to Functionalized Benzofurans, Isocoumarins, and Benzopyrans
Authors: Pavan M. Phani , Chakravarty Manab , Kumara Swamy K. C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRegioselective, palladium‐catalyzed coupling reactions of allenylphosphonates (OCH2CMe2CH2O)P(O)CH=C=CRR′ [R, R′ = H (1a), R = H, R′ = Me (1b), R = R′ = Me (1c)] and phenyl allenes PhCH=C=CR2 [R = H (2a), Me (2b)] with functionalized iodophenols (in PEG‐400), 2‐iodobenzoic acid, and 2‐iodobenzyl alcohol are investigated. Benzofurans with free aldehyde functionalities are formed in high yields (1H/31P NMR) in reactions by using functionalized iodophenols, essentially as single isomers. The synthetic potential of these products possessing an aldehyde functionality is demonstrated by isolating a compound with the skeleton of Obovaten and many other 2,3,5,7‐tetrasubstituted benzofurans. From the reaction of 2‐iodophenol and PdII(OAc)2/PAr3, isolation and structural characterization of the (hydroxy)aryl phosphane oxides (Ar)2P(O)(C6H4‐2‐OH) (Ar = Ph, 4‐MeOC6H4) that suggests the P–aryl to Pd–aryl bond exchange,is described. An interesting structural problem related to the formation/crystallization of benzofurans is also highlighted. The reaction of allenes with iodobenzyl alcohol or iodobenzoic acid led to benzopyrans or isocoumarins (isochromanones), respectively, as single isomers in good to excellent yields. The reaction of 3‐methylbuta‐1,2‐dienyl acetate with 2‐iodobenzoic acid led to a novel acetic acid elimination product along with the expected isocoumarin. The structures of key compounds are confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. These results establish that in the formation of benzofurans or benzopyrans, [β,γ] attack on the allene is preferred except in the case of PhC=C=CH2, where [β,α] attack is observed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The influence of gender, social roles, and facial appearance on perceived emotionality
Authors: Hess Ursula , Thibault Pascal , Adams Reginal B. , Kleck Robert E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOne of the most pervasive gender stereotypes in Western culture concerns expectations regarding men's and women's emotionality. Whereas men are expected to be anger prone, women are expected to smile more. At the same time, men are generally perceived as more facially dominant and facially dominant individuals are expected to show more anger. That is, both facial appearance and social role expectations would lead observers to expect men to show more anger. The present research had the goal to disentangle the unique contribution of these two factors. As it is impossible in our society to fully untangle the influence of these factors since they are highly confounded, we created an alien society where these factors could be unconfounded. In this alien world, Deluvia, child rearing is exclusively assumed by a third gender, the caregiver, whereas men and women share the same social roles. The facial appearance of the Deluvians was varied along the dominance continuum. The results showed that facially dominant Deluvians, regardless of gender, were expected to show more anger, disgust, and contempt and less happiness, fear, sadness, and surprise. Also, the nurturing caregivers were expected to show less anger, contempt, and disgust as well as more fear, sadness, and surprise, regardless of facial appearance. No effect of gender per se on perceived emotionality was found. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obsessive compulsive disorder as a cause of atypical eating disorder: a case report
Authors: Garcia Frederico Duarte , Houy‐Durand Emmanuelle , Thibaut Florence , Dechelotte Pierre 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a case of an atypical eating disorder with a diagnosis of obsessive‐compulsive disorder and discuss the phenomenological and neurobiological aspects links between the disorders.Casea 20‐year‐old Caucasian woman presented with obsessive‐compulsive disorder followed by altered eating habits with major weight loss and amenorrhea. The medical workup, treatment and outcome are described. Using cognitive‐behavioural therapy, clomipramine and enteral nutrition, weight gain and disappearance of restrictive and obsessive‐compulsive behaviours were obtained.ConclusionAvailable evidence in the literature suggests a continuum in eating disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. Our case illustrates that an obsessive‐compulsive disorder may precede or precipitate the development of an eating disorder and highlights the importance of a precise differential diagnosis in eating disorders clinics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Biological effects of a maternal ED on pregnancy and foetal development: a review
Authors: Micali Nadia , Treasure Janet 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to review the literature on the biological effects of a maternal eating disorder (ED) (and relevant comorbidities) in pregnancy on mothers and in particular on the foetus. We also aimed to highlight possible mechanisms of risk for long‐term consequences in the offspring. Relevant literature was searched for using PubMed, PsychInfo and Google Scholar and manually through relevant research papers. The consequences of maternal EDs in pregnancy on EDs symptoms, psychopathology and perinatal outcomes are discussed. A developmental model of possible risk mechanisms for adverse long‐term nutritional and psychopathological outcomes in the offspring is proposed. Maternal EDs during pregnancy are likely to have important long‐term biological effects on the foetus. Further research needs to clarify potential biological risk mechanisms highlighted in this review. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Application of differential evolution algorithm for optimal location and parameters setting of UPFC considering power system security
Authors: Shaheen Husam I. , Rashed Ghamgeen I. , Cheng S. J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractUnified power flow controller (UPFC) is one of the most effective flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices for enhancing power system security. However, to what extent the performance of UPFC can be brought out, it highly depends upon the location and parameters setting of this device in the system. This paper presents an approach based on evolutionary algorithms (EAs) techniques to find out the optimal placement and settings of UPFC for enhancing power system security under single line contingencies (N‐1 contingency). Firstly, we perform a contingency analysis and ranking process to determine the most severe line outage contingencies considering line overloads and bus voltage limit violations as a performance index. Secondly, we apply an evolutionary optimization technique, namely: differential evolution (DE) to find out the optimal location and parameters setting of UPFC under the determined contingency scenarios. To verify our proposed approach and for comparison purposes, we perform simulations on an IEEE 14‐bus and an IEEE 30‐bus power systems. The results we have obtained indicate that DE is an easy to use, fast, and robust optimization technique compared with genetic algorithm (GA). Installing UPFC in the optimal location determined by DE can significantly enhance the security of power system by eliminating or minimizing the overloaded lines and the bus voltage limit violations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current awareness in geriatric psychiatry
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of geriatric psychiatry. Each bibliography is divided into 9 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Assessment; 4 Epidemiology; 5 Therapy; 6 Care; 7 Dementia; 8 Depression; 9 Psychology. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted
Apathy is a prominent neuropsychiatric feature of radiological white‐matter changes in patients with dementia
Authors: Jonsson M. , Edman Å. , Lind K. , Rolstad S. , Sjögren M. , Wallin A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveCerebral white‐matter changes (WMCs) are frequently found in dementia and have been proposed to be related to vascular factors and a certain symptomatological profile. However, few studies have included both vascular factors and a broad spectrum of cognitive, neurological and psychiatric symptoms, easily detectable by the physician in the everyday clinical work. The objective was to study the relationships between WMCs on MRI/CT and neuropsychiatric symptoms and vascular factors in patients with cognitive impairment.MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐six patients with Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, mixed dementia, and mild cognitive impairment were included. All patients underwent a standardized examination including medical history, clinical examinations, laboratory tests and brain imaging (CT or MRI). The identification and severity degree of WMCs was assessed blindly to clinical findings, using a semi‐quantitative scale. For statistical analyses, patients were grouped based on absence or presence of WMCs. Significant variables in bivariate analyses were included as predictors in stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsBivariate analyses showed significant associations between WMCs and age, gender, blood pressure, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease and TIA/RIND. Furthermore, there were significant associations between WMCs and apathy, mental slowness, disinhibition, gait disturbance and focal neurologic symptoms. The multivariate logistic model revealed apathy, mental slowness and age as the most consistent predicting factors for WMCs, together with MRI as a radiological method for the detection of WMCs.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that WMCs in patients with dementia are associated with a dysexecutive‐related behavioural symptom profile, vascular factors related to small and large vessel diseases and age. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depression and parkinsonism in older Europeans: results from the EURODEP concerted action
Authors: Braam Arjan W. , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Dewey Michael E. , Delespaul Philippe A. E. G. , Fichter Manfred , Lobo Antonio , Magnússon Hallgrímur , Pérès Karine , Reischies Friedel M. , Roelands Marc , Saz Pedro , Schoevers Robert A. , Skoog Ingmar , Copeland John R. M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence rate of depression among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) has been estimated at 25%, although prevalence figures range between 7–76%. Relatively few studies on PD and depression are based on random samples in the general population. Some depressive symptoms can also be understood as symptoms of parkinsonism, and the current study aims to describe which ‘overlap’ symptoms can be identified in a community sample.MethodsData are employed from the EURODEP collaboration. Nine study centres, from eight western European countries, provided data on depression (most GMS‐AGECAT), depressive symptoms (EURO‐D items and anxiety), parkinsonism (self‐report of PD or clinical signs of PD), functional disability and dementia diagnosis.ResultsData were complete for 16 313 respondents, aged 65 and older; 306 (1.9%) reported or had signs of parkinsonism. The rate of depression was about twice as high among respondents with parkinsonism (unadjusted Odds Ratio 2.44, 95% Confidence Interval 1.88–3.17), also among those without functional disability. ‘Overlap’ symptoms between parkinsonism and depression, were represented by motivation and concentration problems, appetite problems and especially the symptom of fatigue (energy loss). However, principal component analysis showed that these ‘overlap’ symptoms loaded on different factors of the EURO‐D scale.ConclusionsAs among clinical patients with PD, depression is highly common in community dwelling older people with parkinsonism, even among those without functional disability. Although fatigue did not strongly relate to motivational symptoms, both types of ‘overlap’ symptoms possibly trigger a final common pathway towards a full depressive syndrome. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topographical short‐term memory differentiates Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Bird Chris M. , Chan Dennis , Hartley Tom , Pijnenburg Yolande A. , Rossor Martin N. , Burgess Neil 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe used a recently developed test of spatial memory—the Four Mountains Test—to investigate the core cognitive processes underpinning topographical disorientation in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a‐MCI) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). Performance of these clinical groups was compared with age‐matched controls, patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and patients with subjective memory impairments. We investigated the perception (concurrent match‐to‐sample) and short‐term retention (2‐s delayed match‐to‐sample) of the configuration of topographical features in computer‐generated landscapes shown from different viewpoints. Thirty‐one patients were tested (7 AD, 6 a‐MCI, 7 temporal variant FTLD, 5 frontal variant FTLD, 6 subjective memory impairment) and 25 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Brain MRI was available for 27 patients; medial temporal lobe atrophy was assessed using a visual rating scale. Patients with a‐MCI or mild AD were impaired on topographical short‐term memory, but not perception. No other group differences were found on the topographical subtests. Notably, patients with temporal variants of FTLD performed normally, regardless of the laterality of damage. Subtests for the perception and retention of nonspatial aspects of the landscapes (weather conditions, seasonal and daily variations in lighting and color) were poor at differentiating the patient groups. These results indicate a core deficit in representing topographical layout, even for very short durations, within the context of more general long‐term memory impairments found in AD, and suggest that this function is particularly sensitive to the earliest stages of the disease. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.