bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Counseling on Climacteric Symptoms in Japanese Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Takamatsu Kiyoshi , Ohta Hiroaki , Makita Kazuya , Horiguchi Fumi , Nozawa Shiro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives: We objectively assessed the effects of counseling on climacteric symptoms in Japanese postmenopausal women.Methods: Symptoms in 44 women (age, 51.4 + 3.4 years; period after menopause, 3.6 + 3.4 years) treated with counseling were evaluated according to the Keio modified menopause index. The response to counseling was compared with that to hormone replacement therapy (HRT).Results: Forty cases (90.9%) showed an improvement in index score. There were no significant relationships between improvement and age, the period after menopause, or the severity or type of symptoms before counseling. The most improved symptom was headache, followed by palpitation and insomnia. Physical symptoms accounted for most of the common symptoms. The pattern of improvement with counseling was markedly different from that with HRT.Conclusions: We suggest that counseling is effective for treating climacteric symptoms, since it improves not only psychological symptoms, but also physical ones. Counseling may deserve evaluation as a complementary treatment to HRT.
Indication for Histological Examination of Endometrium in Breast Carcinoma Patients Receiving Tamoxifen Therapy
Authors: Ito Takashi , Katagiri Chieko , Murata Yoko , Hamazoe Ryuichi , Morita Kiyomi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: To investigate the effects of tamoxifen on the uterine endometrium and define the indications for histological examination of endometrium on the thickness of uterine endometrium and on the duration of tamoxifen therapy.Methods: The endometrial thickness was measured on the transvaginal ultrasonogram in 40 postmenopausal breast carcinoma patients receiving tamoxifen (tamoxifen group), and control group. Endometrial histological examination was carried out.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out.Results: Endometrial thickness in the tamoxifen group was 11.2 + 5.1 mm, and that of the control group was 3.8 + 2.1 mm. The incidence of endometrial abnormalities in the tamoxifen group was greater than that in control group.The cut off values derived from the ROC curve analysis were 9 mm for endometrial thickness, and 24 months for duration of tamoxifen therapy.Conclusion: The histological examination of endometrium should be carried out if the endometrial thickness is more than 9 mm, or the duration of tamoxifen therapy is more than 24 months even if the patients do not have any symptoms.
The Relationship between the Level of Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule‐1 in Placenta and Onset of Preeclampsia
Authors: Oyama Rie 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: To investigate the differences in the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) in the placenta and the concentration of soluble ICAM‐1 between early‐onset and late‐onset preeclampsia.Methods: Preeclampsia was divided into early‐onset type (EO: 20 to 31 weeks gestation) and late‐onset type (LO: ≧ 32 weeks gestation). Post delivery, placentas were obtained from 19 control pregnant women and from 9 EO and 8 LO preeclamptic women. The expression of ICAM‐1 in placenta was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Blood samples were taken from 21 non‐pregnant women, 16 control pregnant women, 13 EO and 8 LO preeclamptic women, and umbilical cord blood samples from 38 control pregnancies and from 16 EO and 14 LO preeclampsia. The concentration of ICAM‐1 was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.Results: The expression of ICAM‐1 in placenta was higher in LO than in EO preeclampsia (48.2 + 8.2% vs 17.9 + 5.0%) (p < 0.05). ICAM‐1 concentration in umbilical cord blood was higher in EO than in LO preeclampsia (umbilical artery, 150.6 + 34.0 ng/ml vs 90.3 + 9.4 ng/ml) (umbilical vein, 128.3 + 31.2 ng/ml vs 91.3 + 10.2 ng/ml) (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Significant differences were noted in the expression of ICAM‐1 between patients with EO and LO preeclampsia, which suggest that the possibility that EO and LO preeclampsia may have different onset mechanisms.
The Application of Magnetic Cell Sorter (MACS) to Detect Fetal Cells in Maternal Peripheral Blood
Authors: Fukushima Akimune , Utsugisawa Yukari , Wada Yuko , Mizusawa Noriko , Horiuchi Saburo , Kagabu Teruo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of sorting fetal nucleated red blood cells (FNRBC) from maternal peripheral blood, particularly during early gestation periods, by a combination of specific gravity centrifugation and magnetic cell sorter (MACS).Methods: Without prior knowledge of the gender of the fetus, we determined gender by analyzing a Y‐chromosome specific sequence by nested‐PCR, using 10 ml of the peripheral blood of healthy primigravida women at different stages of gestation (first trimester: n = 17, second trimester: n = 13, and third trimester: n = 19). The results of this prenatal sex determination were compared to the sex of newborns.Results: The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the present method during the first trimester were 100, 81.8, 100, and 75%, respectively; during the second trimester, 80, 50, 80, and 50%, respectively; and during the third trimester, 25, 63.6, 53.8, and 33.3%, respectively.Conclusion: The results show that this prenatal sex determination method has a highly accurate diagnostic rate during the first trimester, suggesting that it could be developed as a practical, non‐invasive prenatal diagnostic technique for use during early gestation periods.
Bacterial Vaginosis in Early Pregnancy and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Purwar Manorama , Ughade Suresh , Bhagat Bharti , Agarwal Vandana , Kulkarni Hemant 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: to assess the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in asymptomatic pregnant women and its association with preterm birth (PTB) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM).Methods: In a cohort study 1,006 pregnant women between 16–28 weeks' gestation were screened for BV (Nugent's criteria) and for lower genital tract infection. Women were followed to confirm pregnancy outcome. Data were analyzed using STATA software. Univeriate and multivariate methods were used to investigate the association between bacterial vaginosis and adverse pregnancy outcome.Results: Prevalence of BV was 11.53%. Baseline characteristics were similar for both groups, 6.8% women were lost to follow‐up. Incidence of PTB was higher in BV positive women compared to BV negative women (p = 0.001). On multiple logistic regression (MLR), BV was associated with an increasd risk of PTB (p = 0.001) and PROM (p = 0.001), other correlates being previous PTB (p = 0.003) and the presence of enteropharynangeal organisms in vagina (p = 0.03). BV accounted for 82.53% of the attributable risk for PTB.Conclusion: Presence of BV in early pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of PTB and PROM. Multicentric interventional study is recommended.
Using Village Theatre to Increase Knowledge about Eclampsia in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Khandoker Saiful , Sachchu Shahidul Alam , Sandani Rehana , Bullough Colin , Siraj Nahid , Dimmock Paul , Johanson Richard Brian 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: To assess the impact of a theatre based educational initiative on the knowledge and attitudes to eclampsia and its treatment in a rural Bangladeshi village.Methods: An established theatre company, Theatre Centre for Social Development, performed scenarios regarding eclamptic pregnant women to a diverse audience of village observers. Before the performance 15 men and 15 women were randomly selected from the audience and asked a series of questions regarding eclampsia. After the performance the series of questions were repeated to the same people.Results: The plays were enthusiastically received by the villagers. The level of knowledge of the villagers interviewed increased significantly after seeing the two plays.Conclusion: The intervention successfully raised both the awareness of eclampsia and the level of knowledge of effective treatments for eclampsia. Village theatre has shown the potential to be a very effective tool in Bangladeshi rural society.
Sonographic Determination of Fetal Size from 20 Weeks of Gestation Onward Correlates with Birth Weight
Authors: Yoshida Sho‐hei , Unno Nobuya , Kagawa Hideyuki , Shinozuka Norio , Kozuma Shiro , Taketani Yuji 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of ultrasonographic measurement of fetal weight, estimated fetal weight (EFW) was analyzed in relation to birth weight.Method: Data were collected retrospectively from the medical records of 548 term pregnancies unassociated with fetal malformations. The subjects underwent sonographic examinations from 20–23 weeks onward at 4 weeks intervals for the estimation of EFW. Subjects were divided into 6 subgroups based on birth weight deviation (BWD) (A: – 3.0 ≤ BWD < – 2.0; B: – 2.0 ≤ BWD < – 1.5; C: – 1.5 ≤ BWD < – 1.0; D: – 1.0 ≤ BWD < – 0.5; E: – 0.5 ≤ BWD < + 0.5 and F: + 0.5 ≤ BWD). Distribution and changes in EFW deviation (EFWD) with gestational age were analyzed related to BWD.Result: A difference in fetal growth based on EFWD was noted in small for gestational age (SGA) cases compared to non‐SGA cases, and the difference was observed as early as 20–23 weeks. EFWD was significantly correlated with BWD from 20–23 weeks to term.Conclusion: Sonographic determination of fetal growth from 20 weeks of gestation onward correlated with birth weight deviation, and this emphasized the clinical value of evaluating fetal growth during the latter half of pregnancy.
Unilateral Ectopic Twin Pregnancy Following an IVF Cycle
Authors: Göker Ege N. Tavmergen , Tavmergen Erol , Özçakir H. Tayfun , Levi Rafael , Adakan Şaban 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe report here a 37‐year‐old woman who underwent ovulation induction and in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment because of infertility who developed vaginal bleeding at the 6th week of gestation. Abdominal ultrasonography was insufficient to distinguish the intrauterine gestational sac. Subsequently, vaginal doppler ultrasonography detected two separate unilateral twin ectopic pregnancies with cardiac activity in both fetuses, which were operated on pelviscopically.
Umbilical Artery Blood Acid‐Base Analysis and Fetal Heart Rate Baseline in the Second Stage of Labor
Authors: Honjo Shigeichiro , Yamaguchi Masaaki 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the correlation between umbilical arterial acidemia and second‐stage baseline fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormalities in Japanese newborn infants.Methods: Subjects were 365 newborns, born at term. Specimens were obtained from the umbilical artery as soon as possible after delivery and blood gas determinations were performed within 5 minutes of delivery. FHR monitoring was performed in the second stage.Results: Umbilical arterial acidemia occurred in 54.1% of the newborns with moderate to severe bradycardia, in 27.3% with mild bradycardia, and in 19.3% with tachycardia, compared with only 1.3% of those with a normal FHR (p < 0.001). The mean umbilical arterial base excess was significantly greater in newborns with metabolic acidemia (‐ 13.9 + 2.9 mmol/l) than in those with either mixed (‐ 11.5 + 2.8 mmol/l) (p < 0.02) or respiratory (‐ 9.1 + 3.2 mmol/l) (p < 0.01) acidemia.Conclusion: The second‐stage baseline FHR abnormalities were highly correlated with an increased risk of umbilical arterial acidemia at delivery.
Use of Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Antagonist (Cetrotide) during Ovarian Stimulation for in‐vitro Fertilization Treatment: Multiple Doses and Single Dose*
Authors: Ng Ernest Hung Yu , Ho Pak Chung 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives: To report preliminary experience in using the GnRH antagonist (Cetrotide) and to compare the multiple dose and single dose protocols.Methods: Fifteen patients received multiple doses and another 10 patients received the single dose protocol of GnRH antagonist during ovarian stimulation for IVF treatment. Outcome measures included the duration/dosage of gonadotrophin and number of oocytes aspirated.Results: All patients had successful oocyte retrieval after the hCG injection. The single dose group had a significantly shorter duration of gonadotrophin but fewer frozen embryos than the multiple dose group.Conclusions: Both protocols were effective in preventing premature LH surges. The stimulation regimen was simplified by reducing the total treatment period, the dosage and duration of gonadotrophin. There may be differences in ovarian responses between the two protocols.
Pregnancy Complicated with Bartter's Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Nohira Tomoyoshi , Nakada Toshihide , Akutagawa Osamu , Fujito Atsuya , Okabe Kazuhiro , Ioya Noriko , Yoshida Masaharu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBartter's syndrome is a rare renal disorder, and since there are few case reports of Bartter's syndrome complicating pregnancy are few, the changes of electrolytes and hormonal metabolism during pregnancy are unknown. We describe and discuss the course of pregnancy complicated with Bartter's syndrome.
Lymphangioma Circumscriptum of the Vulva Mimicking Genital Wart: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Sah Shatrughan Prasad , Yadav Rachna , Rani Sudha 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is an uncommon dermatologic problem that rarely affects the vulva and it is considered to be a localised developmental defect of lymphatic tissue in the dermis. We report a case of vulval LC, clinically diagnosed as genital wart, in a 48‐year‐old woman without evidence of secondary lymphatic damage. The patient required extensive vulval surgery and there was no recurrence after 16 months.
Relationship between Height and Arm Span in Women of Different Age Groups
Authors: Manonai Jittima , Khanacharoen Adchara , Theppisai Urusa , Chittacharoen Apichart 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives: (1) To study the correlation between height and arm span in young, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal age groups, (2) To compare the height and arm span difference in each age group.Methods: Four hundred and eighty‐five women from menopause and gynaecologic clinics were included in the study. All subjects were measured for height and arm span. Correlations of height and arm span were obtained for each age group independently and the difference between the two measurements was examined.Results: Correlation coefficients (r = 0.9899) indicated a clear association between height and arm span measurements in young women. This correlation, however, decreased in perimenopausal and postmenopausal age groups. The mean differences between height and arm span were 0.263 + 0.445, 2.105 + 1.885, and 2.568 + 2.443 cm in the 3 groups, respectively. In comparison with the young age group, the mean difference between height and arm span in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal age groups were significantly different (p < 0.05) and it was the highest in the postmenopausal age group.Conclusion: The height and arm span were well correlated and could be used interchangeably in young women. The correlation decreased with advancing age. Since arm span does not change with age, we can therefore conclude that there was a decrease in height among women of increasing age using arm span as the reference of the previous height.
Ruptured Uterus: A Study of 100 Consecutive Cases in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Aboyeji Abiodun P. , Ijaiya Munir‐Deen A. , Yahaya Usman R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives: To determine the incidence, aetiology, trend, management maternal and fetal outcome of uterine rupture at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. To compare the results with previous reports from this centre.Materials and Methods: A prospective study of patients with ruptured uterus at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria between February, 1992 and December, 1999 was undertaken. The patients were initially assessed in the labour ward where the clinical presentation, relevant socio‐demographic data, previous medical and surgical histories were noted. Necessary investigations and resuscitation were carried out before the operation. A structured questionnaire was also administered either before or after the operation. Two consecutive spontaneous vaginal deliveries following each case of uterine rupture served as control. Statistical analysis was done using the Genstat 32 package.Results: Of the 20,960 deliveries during the study period, there were 100 ruptured uteri giving a hospital incidence of 1 in 210 deliveries. Oxytocin use (39%), uterine scar (23%) and obstructed labour (16%) were the common associated factors. When compared with the controls, uterine rupture in the study group was significantly associated with low socio‐economic status p < 0.001, lack of antenatal care p < 0.001, and high parity p < 0.012. A maternal age 40 years and above was also a risk factor. The anterior wall of the uterus was the commonest site affected and repair with tubal ligation was the surgical procedure in 36% of cases. Maternal mortality was 13%, while fetal mortality was 92%. When compared with the previous incidence of 1 in 298 deliveries, a slight increase is noted.Conclusion: Ruptured uterus is still a common obstetric hazard in our environment and its incidence appears to be on the increase. The condition is significantly associated with advanced maternal age, grandmultiparity, lack of antenatal care and the low socio‐economic status of the patients.
A COMPARISON OF ANALYSIS METHODS FOR LATE‐STAGE VARIETY EVALUATION TRIALS
Authors: Welham Sue J. , Gogel Beverley J. , Smith Alison B. , Thompson Robin , Cullis Brian R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe statistical analysis of late‐stage variety evaluation trials using a mixed model is described, with one‐ or two‐stage approaches to the analysis. Two sets of trials, from Australia and the UK, were used to provide realistic scenarios for a simulation study to evaluate the different methods of analysis. This study showed that a one‐stage approach gave the most accurate predictions of variety performance overall or within each environment, across a range of models, as measured by mean squared error of prediction or realized genetic gain. A weighted two‐stage approach performed adequately for variety predictions both overall and within environments, but a two‐stage unweighted approach performed poorly in both cases. A generalized heritability measure was developed to compare methods.
Metabolic syndrome and cerebral vasomotor reactivity
Authors: Giannopoulos S. , Boden‐Albala B. , Choi J. H. , Carrera E. , Doyle M. , Perez T. , Marshall R. S. 
Published: May 2010

Background and purpose:  Metabolic syndrome has been proposed as a risk factor for stroke and transient ischaemic attack. One pathophysiological mechanism could be impairment of endothelial function. Thus, we hypothesized that cerebral vasomotor reactivity would be decreased in patients with metabolic syndrome, compared to patients without metabolic syndrome.Methods:  In this retrospective analysis, 83 consecutive patients (aged 59.19 ± 15.98; 33 women) underwent Doppler examination for carotid artery disease including bi‐hemispherical vasomotor reactivity assessment using transcranial Doppler monitoring. Vasomotor reactivity data were analyzed from the hemisphere with no or low‐grade carotid stenosis (<40%). Cerebral vasomotor reactivity was calculated as percent increase in mean flow velocity per mmHg pCO2 during 2 min of 5% CO2 inhalation delivered by anesthesia mask (normal if ≥2%/mmHg). Univariate and multivariable linear regression models were used to determine factors, including metabolic syndrome, that were independently associated with pathologic vasomotor reactivity.Results:  After adjusting for the presence of contralateral carotid stenosis and ipsilateral stroke in the multivariable model, metabolic syndrome was independently associated with lower vasomotor reactivity values (2.27 ± 1.24% vs. 2.68 ± 1.37; ß = −0.258, P = 0.033). In this model, there was no association of cerebral vasomotor reactivity with age, gender, race, cardiac disease, current statin therapy, or small vessel disease.Conclusions:  Our findings suggest that impaired cerebral vasomotor reactivity may be a mediator of stroke in patients with metabolic syndrome, a syndrome affecting a significant and growing proportion of the population. A prospective longitudinal study is warranted to study the cerebral haemodynamic effect of metabolic syndrome.
Best Practices in Twenty‐First‐Century Rural Development and Policy
Authors: OLFERT M. ROSE , PARTRIDGE MARK D. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe combination of less than perfectly mobile resources (human and other), pervasive urbanization trends with potentially significant (positive and negative) externalities, and an environment of fiscal restraint suggests the need for more effective rural development and policy. In contrast to historical sectoral or fad‐based policies, place‐based rural development programs and policies focus on rural populations in the context of a realistic assessment of the opportunities and constraints they face. Among the most promising opportunities are 1) improving integration (possibly through connective infrastructure) with urban economies in order to access agglomeration economies, 2) enhancing rural amenities, and 3) increasing entrepreneurial capacity.
Lung aeration during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Appelberg Jonas , Janson Christer , Lindberg Eva , Pavlenko Tatjana , Hedenstierna Göran 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBackground:  Previous studies have indicated that patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) have altered ventilation and lung volumes awake and the results suggest that this may be a determinant of severity of desaturations during sleep. However, little is known about regional lung aeration during sleep in patients with OSA.Methods:  Twelve patients with OSA were included in the study. Computed tomography was used to study regional lung aeration during wakefulness and sleep. Lung aeration was calculated in ml gas/g lung tissue in four different regions of interest (ROI1–4), along the border of the lung from ventral to dorsal.Results:  Lung aeration in the dorsal (dependent) lung region (ROI4) was lower during sleep compared to wakefulness 0·78 ± 0·19 versus 0·88 ± 0·19 (mean ± SD) ml gas/g lung tissue (P = 0·005). Associations were found between awake expiratory reserve volume and change in lung aeration from wakefulness to sleep in ROI4 (r = −0·69; P = 0·012). In addition, the change in lung aeration in the dorsal region correlated to sleep time (r = 0·69; P = 0·014) but not to time in supine position. The difference in lung aeration between inspiration and expiration (i.e. ventilation), was larger in the ventral lung region when expressed as ml gas per g lung tissue. In two patients it was noted that, during on‐going obstructive apnoea, lung aeration tended to be increased rather than decreased.Conclusions:  Aeration in the dorsal lung region is reduced during sleep in patients with OSA. The decrease is related to lung volume awake and to sleep time.