bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of Straumann® Bone Ceramic in a maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure: a clinical, radiological, histological and histomorphometric evaluation with a 6‐month healing period
Authors: Frenken J. W. F. H. , Bouwman W. F. , Bravenboer N. , Zijderveld S. A. , Schulten E. A. J. M. , Ten Bruggenkate C. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives: In this study, we evaluated the quality and quantity of bone formation in maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure using a new fully synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) consisting of a mixture of 60% hydroxyapatite and 40% of β‐tricalcium phosphate (Straumann® Bone Ceramic).Material and methods: A unilateral maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure was performed in six patients using 100% BCP. Biopsy retrieval for histological and histomorphometric analysis was carried out before implant placement after a 6‐month healing period.Results: In this study, the maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure with the use of BCP showed uneventful healing. Radiological evaluation after 6 months showed maintenance of vertical height gained immediately after surgery. Primary stability was achieved with all Straumann® SLA dental implants of 4.1 mm diameter and 10 or 12 mm length. The implants appeared to be osseointegrated well after a 3‐month healing period. Histological investigation showed no signs of inflammation. Cranial from the native alveolar bone, newly formed mineralized tissue was observed. Also, osteoid islands as well as connective tissue were seen around the BCP particles, cranial from the front of newly formed mineralized tissue. Close bone‐to‐substitute contact was observed. Histomorphometric analysis showed an average bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) of 27.3% [standard deviation (SD) 4.9], bone surface/total volume (BS/TV) 4.5 mm2/mm3 (SD 1.1), trabecula‐thickness (TbTh) 132.1 μm (SD 38.4), osteoid‐volume/bone volume (OV/BV) 7.5% (SD 4.3), osteoid surface/bone surface (OS/BS) 41.3% (SD 28.5), osteoid thickness (O.Th) 13.3 μm (SD 4.7) and number of osteoclasts/total area (N.Oc/Tar) 4.4 1/mm (SD 5.7).Conclusions: Although a small number of patients were treated, this study provides radiological and histological evidence in humans confirming the suitability of this new BCP for vertical augmentation of the atrophied maxilla by means of a maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure allowing subsequent dental implant placement after a 6‐month healing period. The newly formed bone had a trabecular structure and was in intimate contact with the substitute material, outlining the osteoconductive properties of the BCP material. Bone maturation was evident by the presence of lamellar bone. To cite this article:
Frenken JWFH, Bouwman WF, Bravenboer N, Zijderveld SA, Schulten EAJM, ten Bruggenkate CM. The use of Straumann® Bone Ceramic in a maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure: a clinical, radiological, histological and histomorphometric evaluation with a 6‐month healing period. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 201–208. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01821.x
CACHAÇA PRODUCTION IN A LAB‐SCALE ALEMBIC: MODELING AND COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATION
Authors: SCANAVINI HELENA F.A. , CERIANI ROBERTA , CASSINI CARLOS E.B. , SOUZA ELSON L.R. , MAUGERI FILHO FRANCISCO , MEIRELLES ANTONIO J.A. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT This work presents the application of a differential distillation model for the simulation of cachaça production in a pot still (alembic). The vapor–liquid equilibria of the multicomponent mixture were described in a rigorous way, using the nonrandom two‐liquid model for the liquid phase activity coefficients and the virial equation with the chemical theory for the vapor phase fugacity coefficients. Two experimental trials were performed in order to validate the simulation results. The boiling points of the wine and the ethanol concentration of the distillate were measured at fixed time intervals. The concentrations of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, n‐propanol, isobutanol and isoamyl alcohol, and the volatile acidity were analyzed in the head, heart and tail fractions of the distillate. In general, a good agreement was achieved between the experimental and the simulation results, in terms of the temperature and the alcoholic graduation profiles, and also a satisfactory similitude in terms of the concentrations of the main congeners.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSpirit's sensorial quality depends on the ethanol and main congener concentrations, which should be controlled by dividing the distillate in appropriate cuts (head, heart and tail fractions) during the distillation. A correct simulation procedure of the pot still distillation allows improving the policy of distillate cuts, considering the product quality, the maximal recovery of ethanol in the heart fraction (spirit) and the energy consumption. It can as well help to define a policy of distillate cuts more appropriate to different types of wine, i.e., wines containing, for instance, larger concentrations of light components (acetaldehyde, methanol, etc.), or of those containing larger contents of heavy compounds, such as acetic acid. So this work goal was to indicate that computational simulation, based on a careful modeling of the system, could be an important tool to investigate the effect of processing variables in the final product quality, also in terms of minor compounds.
TUNING OF A PROPORTIONAL–INTEGRAL–DERIVATIVE CONTROLLER USING A MULTIOBJECTIVE GENETIC ALGORITHM NONDOMINATED SORTING GENETIC ALGORITHM‐II APPLIED TO A pH PROCESS
Authors: MOKEDDEM D. , KHELLAF A. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT Most control engineering problems are characterized by several, often contradicting, objectives, which have to be satisfied simultaneously. Two widely used methods for finding the optimal solution to such problems are aggregating to a single criterion, and using Pareto‐optimal solutions. Here we propose the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II) to find the constant proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control gains for a chemical neutralization plant. Known to be highly nonlinear and with varying time delay, this plant provides a challenging test bed for nonlinear control strategies. The results confirm that a multiobjective, Pareto‐based GA search gives a better performance than a single objective GA. The former method was also used to design a gain‐scheduled PID controller. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe control of the pH neutralization process plays a very important role in chemical industries, such as wastewater treatments, polymerization reactions, fatty acid production, biochemical processes, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and so on. The pH neutralization process shows a strong nonlinear behavior and time‐varying nonlinear characteristics resulted from the variation of the feed components or total ion concentrations. In the case of fermentation by the microorganisms, the growth of microorganisms has a pH optimum similar to most biochemical processes. A pH value drifting away from this optimum often inhibits growth of the essential microorganisms, alters the bacterial population and inhibits the desirable enzymatic activities. The result is a delay in the fermentation process, which in turn results in financial loss.
INFLUENCE OF ENZYMOLYSIS‐ADSORPTION INTERACTION ON THE SECONDARY HAZE FORMATION IN APPLE JUICE
Authors: QI JINGHUA , CAI TONGYI , XU YIQING , WU JUN , WANG FANG , PANG MEIXIA , HUANG MANQING 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe secondary haze formation in clarified apple juice produced under enzymolysis and adsorption processing conditions was studied in order to control the haze formation by monitoring the processing conditions of enzymolysis and adsorption. The turbidity and content of haze‐active protein and content of haze‐active phenolics of the apple juice were monitored at intervals. Haze formation could be prevented if optimum enzymatic time and suitable time of adding activated charcoal are adopted. Enzymatic time contributed to the adsorption and the time of adding activated charcoal during the enzymatic treatment also had effects on the enzymolysis. Varying the time used for enzymolysis of haze had a marked effect on the turbidity and content of haze active protein of apple juice and had no effects on the content of haze‐active polyphenols. Adsorptive treatment given prior to complete enzymolysis did not appear to prevent the haze formation. Adsorptive treatment had more effects on the turbidity and the content of haze active protein and that of haze active polyphenols.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe processes of enzymolysis and adsorption can be used for the production of clarified apple juice to control the haze formation. The quality of clarified apple juice with enzymatic treatment combining with adsorptive treatment by activated charcoal is much superior to the product using the convectional method. If activated charcoal is added to the enzymatic process at optimum time, the enzymolysis and adsorption can be used successfully for the production of clarified apple juice.
The Citation Relationships between Journals of Geography and Cognate Disciplines
Authors: LAFFAN SHAWN W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThere is an ongoing debate concerning the relationship between the disciplinary ends of the broad spectrum that is geography and also the relationship between geography and other disciplines, including the extent to which it is self‐focussed or inward looking. These issues were assessed using an analysis of citation relationships between journals in the Thompson Scientific Journal Citation Reports databases at the category level. Thirty‐four categories were used, comparing the two geography categories (‘Geography’, representing human geography and ‘Geography, Physical’, representing physical geography) with 32 other cognate categories. A matrix of the citation relationships between each category was developed using a relatedness factor that corrects for the opportunity for citations to occur. The resultant matrix of factors indicates that human geography journals are considerably more likely to cite their own papers than are those of physical geography, but that they are by no means the most self‐citing of the journals assessed. Both human and physical geography journals have strong citation relationships with several other disciplines, with those for human geography most often being net export relationships in the sense of a balance of trade. This finding contradicts previous assertions that human geography imports more than it exports. The citation relationships of physical geography are smaller than those of human geography, and are typically small net imports. The relationship between human and physical geography journals is a small net export from physical geography to human geography, but their total trade volume is considerably smaller than their respective relationships with other disciplines. These results are likely to be caused by many factors in addition to the actual relatedness between disciplines and sub‐disciplines, but they do represent a benchmark against which more detailed analyses can be assessed.
Unpacking Social Exclusion in Western Sydney: Exploring the Role of Place and Tenure
Authors: RANDOLPH B. , RUMING K.J. , MURRAY D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOver the past decade social exclusion has increasingly been positioned at the forefront of political, academic and lay discourse as the cause of disadvantage. While the definition, measurement and solutions to social exclusion remain open to debate, housing has progressively been positioned as a central variable creating neighbourhoods of exclusion. Much of this debate has positioned areas of public housing as being the most disadvantaged and socially excluded neighbourhoods. However, the multidimensionality of social exclusion brings into question the simple identification of areas of public housing as being the most excluded. By exploring six dimensions of exclusion (neighbourhood, social and civic engagement, access, crime and security, community identity and economic disadvantage) we explore the differences between areas dominated by public housing and those characterised by private market housing in terms of their scores on each of these individual dimensions of exclusion. We find that it is the experience of households with multiple dimensions of exclusion, especially locational and economic disadvantage, that differentiate areas of public housing from private housing locations.
The Historical Geographies of Showing Livestock: a Case Study of the Perth Royal Show, Western Australia
Authors: YARWOOD RICHARD , TONTS MATTHEW , JONES ROY 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper examines changes in the entries of livestock to competitions at the Perth Royal Show in the course of the twentieth century. It identifies trends in the showing of animals at the Show and explains these with reference to the wider geographies of state and national agricultural change in Western Australia (WA). In doing so, it provides a longitudinal perspective on the socioeconomic contexts of farming in WA and identifies some of the key cultural and economic drivers that have influenced livestock farming in that locality. In turn, these findings contribute to wider understandings of the global countryside and of the imagined ruralities that exist within and beyond the spaces of showgrounds.
Divergent Regional Trajectories in Australia's Tropical Savannas: Indicators of a Multifunctional Rural Transition
Authors: HOLMES JOHN 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAs elsewhere in affluent, western nations, Australia's tropical savanna zone is experiencing a complex transition towards multifunctional occupance in which emerging consumption, protection and Indigenous values are contesting the former dominance of production values, tied to extensive pastoral occupance and agricultural development projects. This transition is contributing to increased complexity and diversity within and between regions. Divergent regional functional trajectories, evident over the three decades from 1976 to 2006, can be identified and depicted within the triangular relativities between production, consumption and protection values. Core pastoral regions have experienced discernible, if variable, functional trajectories while retaining a modified productivist orientation. In marginal, ‘frontier’ regions limited scope for capital accumulation has created an expansive space for both market and non‐market interests and ideologies to propel functional transitions towards more complex, contested occupance modes. Lack of success in pursuit of productivist goals enhances capability in satisfying emerging national aspirations in recognising Indigenous land rights, in preserving unique biota and valued semi‐natural landscapes, in fostering sustainable resource use and in promoting distinctive styles of tourism and recreation. The Darwin region has experienced a transition towards urban amenity occupance shaped by consumption and protection values. Tenure changes recognising Aboriginal ownership in the Arnhem region have facilitated regionwide self‐managed Indigenous occupance. Divergent regional functional trajectories are starkly revealed in a comparison of driving forces, decision processes and functional trajectories between the Barkly Tableland and the adjoining Gulf Country.
Impact of Background on Color Performance of False Clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris, Cuvier
Authors: Yasir Inayah , Qin Jian G. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract Color performance of false clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris, Cuvier was first examined at four color backgrounds (blue, green red, and white) for 4 wk, then all fish were transferred to a white background for another 4 wk to test whether the impact of background colors on fish skin could have a lasting effect when the environment colors are changed. The experiment was conducted in 10‐L rectangular plastic buckets with three replicates. Thirty fish were stocked in each bucket and three fish were randomly sampled from each tank in Weeks 1, 4, and 8. The color hue, saturation, and brightness were quantified using image analysis. In addition to the whole body analysis, each fish image was divided into ventral and dorsal parts to examine the body position‐dependent response. Furthermore, color differences among the dorsal fin, anal fin, ventral fin, and caudal fin were also quantified. Blue or green background enhanced red orange color on fish skin, whereas white background made fish color brighter. Irrespective of background color, the dorsal side of fish exhibited more red orange, but the color was less bright and less saturated than that of ventral side. Upper fins (dorsal and caudal fins) were more red orange in a blue background than in a white background. Transferring fish from colored backgrounds to a white background made the fish skin and fins brighter, the color of ventral body and ventral fins less saturated, and the bottom fins more yellow orange. The results indicate that blue or green background could strengthen the orange color, whereas white background made fish color less saturated but brighter. The impact of background on the performance of fish color is temporary and likely to disappear when environmental color changes.
Formulated Feed Supports Weight Gain and Survivorship in Juvenile Sea Urchins Lytechinus variegatus
Authors: Taylor Anna M. , Powell Mickie L. , Watts Stephen A. , Lawrence Addison L. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract In adult sea urchins, formulated feeds can support both weight gain and gonad production; however, studies demonstrating the effects of formulated feeds on juvenile sea urchin growth are limited. In this study, juvenile sea urchins (test diameter: 3.20–7.33 mm, N = 12 per treatment) were reared individually in artificial seawater and fed with one of four experimental feeds: (1) mixed‐taxa algal biofilm (MTAB), (2) freeze‐dried MTAB, (3) a commercial, small‐mammal feed (Friskies® cat treats), or (4) a semipurified feed formulated for sea urchins. The MTAB and sea urchin feed supported weight gain and survival throughout the study; however, those individuals fed with the sea urchin feed exhibited a short lag period at the onset of feeding. This short lag period may be, in part, because of an initial lack of attraction of the urchins to the formulated feed. Furthermore, we hypothesize that gut physiology or gut flora must acclimatize to a new diet (all sea urchins were reared initially on the MTAB diet). The freeze‐dried MTAB and mammal feed did not support substantial weight gain. This study suggests that sea urchin juveniles as small as 3–4 mm can utilize formulated feeds for growth.
Use and exchange of genetic resources of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Eknath Ambekar E. , Hulata Gideon 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe worldwide use of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) in aquaculture represents a somewhat unique scenario. The natural distributions and global genetic resources of tilapias are in Africa, yet the main centers of utilization for aquaculture are primarily in Asia. Within a few decades, Nile tilapia graduated from being an ‘orphan commodity’ (i.e. of interest to only resource‐poor fish farmers) to a globally traded commodity. Most aquaculture production of Nile tilapia in Asia and elsewhere has relied on a narrow genetic base. The natural genetic resources have not yet been fully documented and tapped for use in aquaculture, and many natural populations are under severe threat of irreversible change or loss. Although genetic improvement is now well underway, an important question is how the wealth of Nile tilapia wild genetic resources shall be used for the benefit of a wide range of users, at present outside Africa. This review focuses on documenting the status of Nile tilapia genetic resources (including the potential threats), providing a case for their conservation and for the judicious utilization of genetic diversity for the benefit of all stakeholders; and on analysis of the lessons learnt from a major Nile tilapia genetic improvement initiative, the genetic improvement of farmed tilapia (GIFT) project. Information about other genetic improvement efforts by means of hybridization, sex reversal and YY male technology is also presented.
Detection of Coxiella burnetii by Nested PCR in Bulk Milk Samples from Dairy Bovine, Ovine, and Caprine Herds in Iran
Authors: Rahimi E. , Doosti A. , Ameri M. , Kabiri E. , Sharifian B. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryThe epidemiology of Q‐fever in Iran is essentially unknown. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of Coxiella burnetii in bulk milk samples from dairy bovine, ovine, and caprine herds in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, Iran. In this study, 376 bulk milk samples from 79 dairy bovine, ovine, and caprine herds were tested for C. burnetii using a nested PCR assay. The animals whose milk samples collected for this study were clinically healthy. In total, 13 of 210 (6.2%) bovine milk samples were positive; the positive samples originated from 5 of 28 (17.9%) commercial dairy herds. All 110 ovine bulk milk samples from 31 sheep breeding farms were negative and only 1 of 56 (1.8%) caprine bulk milk samples from 20 goat breeding farms was positive for C. burnetii. Although no extensive prevalence study was undertaken, the results of this study indicate that clinically healthy cattle are important sources of C. burnetii infection in Iran. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of direct identification of C. burnetii by PCR in bulk milk samples from dairy bovine and caprine herds in Iran. Further intensive prevalence studies on Coxiella infection among farmers, milk‐processing workers, veterinarians, and slaughterhouse workers and on possible dangers of dairy products will be needed to elucidate the epidemiology of Q fever in Iran.
Produit eulérien motivique et courbes rationnelles sur les variétés toriques
Authors: Bourqui David 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe study the asymptotical behaviour of the moduli space of morphisms of given anticanonical degree from a rational curve to a split toric variety, when the degree goes to infinity. We obtain in this case a geometric analogue of Manin’s conjecture about rational points of bounded height on varieties defined over a global field. The study is led through a generating series whose coefficients lie in a Grothendieck ring of motives, the motivic height zeta function. In order to establish convergence properties of this function, we use a notion of motivic Euler product. It relies on a construction of Denef and Loeser which associates a virtual motive to a first order logic ring formula.