bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2009 devaluation of radiosurgery and its impact on the neurosurgery–radiation oncology partnership
Authors: Heilbrun M. Peter , Adler John R. 
Published: February 2010

Neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, and, increasingly, other surgical specialists recognize that radiosurgery is an important tool for managing selected disorders throughout the body. The partnership between neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists has resulted in collaborative studies that have established the clinical benefits of radiosurgery. Today, however, a range of political and financial issues is straining this relationship and thereby undermining the practice of radiosurgery.
Neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists recently restricted the definition of radiosurgery to include only cranial- and spine-focused radiation treatments. Meanwhile, organized radiation oncology decided unilaterally that radiosurgery administered to other parts of the body would be termed stereotactic body radiation therapy. Finally, neurosurgical and radiation oncology coding experts developed new Current Procedural Terminology codes for cranial vault and spine radiosurgery, which were approved for use by the Relative Value Scale Update Committee as of 2009.
The authors suggest that the neurosurgery strategy—which included 1) reasserting that all of the tasks of a radiosurgery procedure remain bundled, and 2) agreeing to limit the definition of radiosurgery to cranial vault and spine—has failed neurosurgeons who perform radiosurgery, and it may jeopardize patient access to this procedure in the future.
The authors propose that all of the involved medical specialties recognize that the application of image-guided, focused radiation therapy throughout the body requires a partnership between radiation and surgical disciplines. They also urge surgeons to reexamine their coding methods, and they maintain that Current Procedural Terminology codes should be consistent across all of the different specialties involved in these procedures. Finally, surgeons should consider appropriate training in medical physics and radiobiology to perform the tasks involved in these specific procedures; ultimately all parties should receive equivalent reimbursement for similar assigned tasks, whether performed individually or jointly.
Rational Exploration of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Palladacycle Diversity: A Highly Active and Versatile Precatalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions of Deactivated Aryl and Alkyl Substrates
Authors: Peh Guang‐Rong , Kantchev Eric Assen B. , Er Jun‐Cheng , Ying Jackie Y. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAs less attention has been focussed on the design of highly efficient palladium precatalysts to ensure the smooth formation of the active catalyst for metal‐mediated cross coupling reactions, we herein demonstrate that combining the bulky N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene (IPr) with cyclopalladated acetanilide as the optimal palladium precatalyst leads to superior catalytic activity compared with the state‐of‐the‐art NHC–Pd catalysts. The complex was discovered through the evaluation of a small, rationally designed library of NHC–palladacycles prepared by a novel, practical and atom‐economic method, the direct reaction of IPr⋅HCl with palladacycle acetate dimers.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Formal Sonogashira Coupling and α‐Carbonyl Arylation Reactions
Authors: Prüger Birgit , Hofmeister Gretchen E. , Jacobsen Christian Borch , Alberg David G. , Nielsen Martin , Jørgensen Karl Anker 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTransition‐metal‐free formal Sonogashira coupling and α‐carbonyl arylation reactions have been developed. These transformations are based on the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) of β‐carbonyl sulfones to electron‐deficient aryl fluorides, producing a key intermediate that, depending on the reaction conditions, gives the aromatic alkynes or α‐aryl carbonyl compounds. The development of these reactions is presented and, based on investigations under basic and acidic conditions, mechanisms have been proposed. To develop the formal Sonogashira coupling further, a milder, two‐step protocol is also disclosed that expands the reaction concept. The scope of these reactions is demonstrated for the synthesis of Sonogashira and α‐carbonyl arylated products from a range of electron‐deficient aryl fluorides with a variety of functional groups and aryl‐, heteroaryl‐, alkyl‐, and alkoxy‐substituted sulfone nucleophiles. These transition‐metal‐free reactions complement the metal‐catalyzed versions in terms of substitution patterns, simplicity, and reaction conditions.
Expression patterns of hormones, signaling molecules, and transcription factors during adenohypophysis development in the chick embryo
Authors: Parkinson Nicole , Collins Michelle M. , Dufresne Lynn , Ryan Aimee K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe chick embryo is an ideal model to study pituitary cell‐type differentiation. Previous studies describing the temporal appearance of differentiated pituitary cell types in the chick embryo are contradictory. To resolve these controversies, we used RT‐PCR to define the temporal onset and in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to define the spatial localization of hormone expression within the pituitary. RT‐PCR detected low levels of Fshβ (gonadotropes) and Pomc (corticotropes, melanotropes) mRNA at E4 and Gh (somatotropes), Prl (lactotropes), and Tshβ (thyrotropes) mRNA at E8. For all hormones, sufficient accumulation of mRNA and/or protein to permit detection by in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry was observed ∼3 days later and in all cases corresponded to a notable increase in RT‐PCR product. We also describe the expression patterns of signaling (Bmp2, Bmp4, Fgf8, Fgf10, Shh) and transcription factors (Pitx1, Pitx2, cLim3) known to be important for pituitary organogenesis in other model organisms. Developmental Dynamics 239:1197–1210, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman spectroscopy in lipid analysis
Authors: Baeten Vincent 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn the last decade, Raman spectroscopy has gained in maturity as a valuable technique for lipid analysis. The technique is non‐destructive, does not need sample presentation thereby allowing use in in situ and on‐line analysis, and is relatively cost effective. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of Raman spectroscopy for determining and quantifying different parameters and properties of lipids, and for following oxidative deterioration.
In vivo proton MR spectroscopy findings specific for adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency
Authors: Henneke M. , Dreha‐Kulaczewski S. , Brockmann K. , van der Graaf M. , Willemsen M. A. A. P. , Engelke U. , Dechent P. , Heerschap A. , Helms G. , Wevers R. A. , Gärtner J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAdenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder affecting predominantly the central nervous system. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of succinylaminoimidazolecarboxamide riboside and succinyladenosine (S‐Ado) in tissue and body fluids. Three children presented with muscular hypotonia, psychomotor delay, behavioral abnormalities, and white matter changes on brain MRI. Two of them were affected by seizures. Screening for inborn errors of metabolism including in vitro high resolution proton MRS revealed an ADSL deficiency that was confirmed genetically in all cases. All patients were studied by in vivo proton MRS. In vitro high resolution proton MRS of patient cerebrospinal fluid showed singlet resonances at 8.27 and 8.29 ppm that correspond to accumulated S‐Ado. In vivo proton MRS measurements also revealed a prominent signal at 8.3 ppm in gray and white matter brain regions of all patients. The resonance was undetectable in healthy human brain. In vivo proton MRS provides a conclusive finding in ADSL deficiency and represents a reliable noninvasive diagnostic tool for this neurometabolic disorder. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Only fat infiltrated muscles in resting lower leg of FSHD patients show disturbed energy metabolism
Authors: Kan H. E. , Klomp D. W. J. , Wohlgemuth M. , van Loosbroek‐Wagemans I. , van Engelen B. G. M. , Padberg G. W. , Heerschap A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFacioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is characterized by asymmetric dysfunctioning of individual muscles. Currently, it is unknown why specific muscles are affected before others and more particularly what pathophysiology is causing this differential progression. The aim of our study was to use a combination of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and T1‐weighted MRI to uncover metabolic differences in fat infiltrated and not fat infiltrated muscles in patients with FSHD. T1‐weighted images and 3D 31P MRSI were obtained from the calf muscles of nine patients with diagnosed FSHD and nine healthy age and sex matched volunteers. Muscles of patients were classified as fat infiltrated (PFM) and non fat‐infiltrated (PNM) based on visual assessment of the MR images. Ratios of phosphocreatine (PCr), phosphodiesters (PDE) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) over ATP and tissue pH were compared between PFM and PNM and the same muscles in healthy volunteers. Of all patients, seven showed moderate to severe fatty infiltration in one or more muscles. In these muscles, decreases in PCr/ATP and increases in tissue pH were observed compared to the same muscles in healthy volunteers. Interestingly, these differences were absent in the PNM group. Our data show that differences in metabolite ratios and tissue pH in skeletal muscle between healthy volunteers and patients with FSHD appear to be specific for fat infiltrated muscles. Normal appearing muscles on T1 weighted images of patients showed normal phosphoryl metabolism, which suggests that in FSHD disease progression is truly muscle specific. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantized Auger recombination and carrier multiplication in semiconductor nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Taguchi Seiji , Ueda Akihiro , Tayagaki Takeshi , Matsuda Kazunari , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe studied carrier recombination dynamics in CdSe nanocrystals, CdSe nanorods, Mn‐doped CdS nanocrystals, and carbon nanotubes using femtosecond pump‐probe spectroscopy. Auger recombination in nanocrystals and nanorods occurs due to three‐carrier collisions, while that in carbon nanotubes occurs due to two‐exciton collisions. We found that the Auger coefficient depends strongly on the nanocrystal size. In Mn‐doped CdS nanocrystals, we observed that the decay time is almost independent of the excitation intensity. This indicates that the Auger recombination process is controlled by doping of Mn ions into CdS nanocrystals. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ambipolar characteristics of microcrystalline silicon thin‐film transistors
Authors: Chan Kah‐Yoong , Gordijn Aad , Stiebig Helmut , Knipp Dietmar 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc‐Si:H) has recently attracted significant attention as a promising candidate for thin‐film transistors (TFTs) in large‐area electronics due to high electron and hole charge carrier mobilities. We report on top‐gate ambipolar TFTs based on μc‐Si:H prepared by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition at temperatures below 200 °C. Electrons and holes are directly injected into the μc‐Si:H channel via chromium drain and source contacts. The TFTs exhibit electron and hole charge carrier mobilities of 30‐50 cm2/Vs and 10‐15 cm2/Vs, respectively. In this work, the electrical characteristics of the top‐gate ambipolar μc‐Si:H TFTs are described by a simple analytical model that takes the ambipolar transport into account. The analytical expressions are used to model the transfer curves, the potential and the net surface charge along the channel of the TFTs. The electrical model provides insights into the electronic transport of ambipolar μc‐Si:H TFTs (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Primary care approach to dysphonia
Authors: Turley Richard , Cohen Seth 
Published: February 2010

ObjectiveTo understand how primary care physicians manage patients with dysphonia and the barriers they face when evaluating patients for voice problems.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingPrimary care community.Subjects and MethodsA total of 933 internal and family medicine physicians were randomly selected from a database of physicians in a referral basin of a tertiary care medical center and mailed a questionnaire. Questions concerned physician comfort level in recognizing an abnormal voice, their view of the quality of life impact of dysphonia, frequency of evaluating patients for voice problems, barriers to the evaluation of voice problems, reasons for referral, and common treatments prior to referral.ResultsA total of 271 physicians responded, for a response rate of 29.0 percent. Of those who responded, 36.5 percent routinely evaluate their patients for voice problems. Reasons for not evaluating patients for voice problems were patients not complaining about hoarseness, more pressing issues, not feeling comfortable assessing patients for voice problems, and time constraints. Chronic voice changes and not being able to understand patients' speech were the most common reasons for referral. Reflux and allergy treatment were common treatment modalities prior to referral. A total of 67.5 percent of respondents were interested in learning more about voice problems.ConclusionPrimary care physicians face limitations with respect to evaluating patients for voice problems. Otolaryngologists must continue outreach efforts and collaboration with primary care colleagues in order to enhance the screening for voice problems.
Listening, Mediation, Event: Anthropological and Sociological Perspectives
Authors: Born Georgina 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper outlines an approach to listening drawn from the anthropology and sociology of music, arguing that there is a pressing need for comparative empirical studies of listening. I suggest that the terms of the discussion should shift from listening to the broader category of musical experience, in this way allowing questions of the encultured, affective, corporeal and located nature of musical experience to arise in a stronger way than hitherto. I propose a focus on the relations between musical object and listening subject, where this entails analysis of the social and historical conditions that bear on listening, and of the changing types of subjectivity brought to music. The point is that neither these conditions, nor the forms of music's mediation, nor the relations between musical object and subject can be fully known in advance. I sketch three perspectives from anthropology and sociology that indicate the kinds of insight offered by empirical research which takes listening-as-musical-experience, and the situated, relational analysis of musical subjects and objects, as its focus.
Monitoring the Neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with pheromone‐baited traps in soybean fields
Authors: Borges M. , Moraes M. C. B. , Peixoto M. F. , Pires C. S. S. , Sujii E. R. , Laumann R. A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe effectiveness of the synthetic sex pheromone of the Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros, was evaluated both in laboratory and in field assays. Lures loaded with 1 mg of methyl 2,6,10‐trimethyltridecanoate (TMTD) continuously attracted female bugs for more than 30 days to pheromone‐baited traps in field trials. The pheromone‐baited traps were effective in field tests even at low bug population densities, as compared with the usual monitoring technique, shake cloth sampling. Traps around borders or in the centre of soybean fields caught similar numbers of bugs. Trap captures showed a positive relationship with field populations, as monitored with the shake cloth technique, during the reproductive phase of the soybean crop, i.e. from the R1–R5 developmental stage (pod formation to pod fill). The physiological state of the trapped migrating insects was determined. The first insects arriving in the field had fewer eggs in the reproductive tract compared to later arrivals. Some cross‐attraction was also observed, with Piezodorus guildinii and Edessa meditabunda also being caught in pheromone‐baited traps, suggesting that these insects respond to the sex pheromone or to the defensive compounds released by E. heros captured in traps. In brief, the results showed that traps baited with 1 mg of the sex pheromone efficiently caught bugs, that the lures lasted for more than 1 month under field conditions and that placement of traps around the borders of the crop area was as effective as placement inside the crop area. Border‐placed traps were effective at a density of one trap every 200 m.
Corrosion Behavior of As‐Received and Previously Cast Type III Gold Alloy
Authors: Ayad Mohamed F. , Ayad Ghada M. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract Purpose: The rationale for using gold alloys is based largely upon their alleged ability to resist corrosion, but little information is available to determine the corrosion behavior of recast alloys. This study characterized the elemental composition of as‐received and recast type III gold alloy and examined the in vitro corrosion behavior in two media using a potentiodynamic polarization technique. Materials and Methods: Seventy‐eight disk‐shaped specimens were prepared from a type III gold alloy under three casting protocols according to the proportion of as‐received and recast gold alloy (n = 26). (1) Group as received (100% as‐received metal), (2) group 50% to 50% (50% wt. new metal, 50% wt. once recast metal), and (3) group recast (100% once recast metal). The surface structures of 20 specimens from each group were examined under scanning electron microscopy, and their elemental compositions were determined using X‐ray energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. Further, the potentiodynamic cyclic polarization between −1000 and +1000 mV (SCE) were performed for six specimens from each casting protocol in 0.09% NaCl solution (n = 3) and Fusayama artificial saliva (n = 3) at 37°C. Zero‐current potential and corrosion current density were determined. The data were analyzed with 1‐way ANOVA and the Ryan–Einot–Gabriel–Welsch multiple‐range test t (α= 0.05). Results: Elemental composition was significantly different among the casting groups (p < 0.001). The mean weight percentage values were 72.4 to 75.7% Au, 4.5 to 7.0% Pd, 10.7 to 11.1% Ag, 7.8 to 8.4% Cu, and 1.0 to 1.4% Zn. The mean values for Zero‐current potential and corrosion current density for all casting protocols were not significant (p > 0.05); however, the difference between the electrolytes was significant (p < 0.001). Fusayama artificial saliva seemed to offer the most corrosive environment. Conclusions: Type III gold alloy in any casting protocol retained passivity under electrochemical conditions similar to the oral environment. Moreover, high‐gold type III alloys from reputable manufacturers and recasting protocol tested should produce acceptable corrosion‐resistant castings.
Analysis of complement receptor Type 1 expression on red blood cells in negative phenotypes of the Knops blood group system, according to CR1 gene allotype polymorphisms
Authors: Pham Bach‐Nga , Kisserli Aymric , Donvito Béatrice , Duret Valérie , Reveil Brigitte , Tabary Thierry , Le Pennec Pierre‐Yves , Peyrard Thierry , Rouger Philippe , Cohen Jacques H.M. 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND: The KN blood group system, which consists of nine antigen specificities, is located on complement receptor Type 1 (CR1/CD35). CR1, a complement regulatory protein, acts as a vehicle for immune complex clearance. CR1 exhibits a red blood cell (RBC) density polymorphism. CR1 sites on RBCs in normal individuals range from 150 to 1200 molecules per cell. CR1 density polymorphism is regulated by HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism and Q981H and P1786R polymorphisms in Caucasians. Yet, the role of the different polymorphisms in determining the CR1 density on RBCs remains unknown. The “null” serologic KN phenotype, known as Helgeson phenotype, was reported to be related with a very low CR1 density, less than 150 molecules per cell.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The aim of this work was to investigate whether the KN‐negative phenotype displayed by 60 individuals was related to the CR1 density by performing the phenotypic and genetic analysis of CR1 and to investigate the molecular background associated with the KN system.RESULTS: We showed that the Helgeson‐like phenotype had a prevalence of 12% in this population. The overall genotype/phenotype concordance was 90%. Among individuals with a KN‐negative phenotype, the prevalences of Kn(a–), McC(a–), Sl1‐negative, Sl3‐negative, and KCAM‐negative deduced phenotype were 37, 12, 29, 7, and 24%, respectively.CONCLUSION: From our data, we suggest that the definition of the Helgeson phenotype must be revised, since the latter may be due not only to a very low CR1 density on RBCs, but also to the absence of expression of a high‐prevalence KN antigen.
A Retrospective Exploration of Patient‐Ventilator Monitoring Intensity, Therapeutic Intervention Intensity, and Compliance with Lung Protective Guidelines in a Cohort of Patients with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Jones Terry L. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTBackground: The current approach to mechanical ventilation for Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Acute Lung Injury (ALI) involves maintaining key patient‐ventilator parameters within established lung protective targets. Monitoring is part of the processes of nursing care believed to guide therapeutic intervention and facilitate compliance with these targets. Empirical relationships between monitoring, therapeutic intervention, and compliance with these practice guidelines have not been adequately explored.Methods: A retrospective observational design was used to explore relationships between monitoring intensity, therapeutic intervention intensity, and compliance with a lung protective philosophy of mechanical ventilation in a cohort of patients with ARDS or ALI. Compliance with lung protective targets was measured as the proportion of time oxygen saturation, alveolar distending pressure, and tidal volume were maintained within recommended guidelines as evidenced by medical record documentation. Monitoring intensity and therapeutic intervention intensity were based on the frequency of recorded assessments and interventions in the medical record.Results: Monitoring intensity correlated positively with both severity of illness (r = 0.39) and with therapeutic intervention intensity (r = 0.30), and was inversely related to compliance with lung protective guidelines (CLPG) (r =−0.34). A regression model including monitoring intensity, severity of illness, risk for abdominal hypertension, and CLPG was statistically significant (p = 0.02) but explained little of the variance in compliance with lung protective parameters (R2= 0.13).Discussion and Conclusions: Compliance with recommended lung protective parameters in the absence of standardized monitoring and intervention protocols is suboptimal. Preliminary evidence of positive relationships between monitoring and both severity of illness and therapeutic intervention was established. Control for nursing and physician practice variation is needed to rule out the influence of surveillance and performance bias on collaborative practice outcomes. Explicit standardized protocols that address the frequency of assessments and interventions along with therapeutic targets are recommended for collaborative practice guidelines.