bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Engineering of
Gluconobacter oxydans
for Improved Growth Rate and Growth Yield on Glucose by Elimination of Gluconate Formation
Authors: Krajewski Vera , Simić Petra , Mouncey Nigel J. , Bringer Stephanie , Sahm Hermann , Bott Michael 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Gluconobacter oxydans
N44-1, an obligatory aerobic acetic acid bacterium, oxidizes glucose primarily in the periplasm to the end products 2-ketogluconate and 2,5-diketogluconate, with intermediate formation of gluconate. Only a minor part of the glucose (less than 10%) is metabolized in the cytoplasm after conversion to gluconate or after phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate via the only functional catabolic routes, the pentose phosphate pathway and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. This unusual method of glucose metabolism results in a low growth yield. In order to improve it, we constructed mutants of strain N44-1 in which the gene encoding the membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase was inactivated either alone or together with the gene encoding the cytoplasmic glucose dehydrogenase. The growth and product formation from glucose of the resulting strains, N44-1
mgdH
::
kan
and N44-1 Δ
mgdH sgdH
::
kan
, were analyzed. Both mutant strains completely consumed the glucose but produced neither gluconate nor the secondary products 2-ketogluconate and 2,5-diketogluconate. Instead, carbon dioxide formation of the mutants increased by a factor of 4 (N44-1
mgdH
::
kan
) or 5.5 (N44-1 Δ
mgdH sgdH
::
kan
), and significant amounts of acetate were produced, presumably by the activities of pyruvate decarboxylase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Most importantly, the growth yields of the two mutants increased by 110% (N44-1
mgdH
::
kan
) and 271% (N44-1 Δ
mgdH sgdH
::
kan
). In addition, the growth rates improved by 39% (N44-1
mgdH
::
kan
) and 78% (N44-1 Δ
mgdH sgdH
::
kan
), respectively, compared to the parental strain. These results show that the conversion of glucose to gluconate and ketogluconates has a strong negative impact on the growth of
G. oxydans
.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci for high level of self-incompatibility inBrassica rapaL.
Authors: Hatakeyama Katsunori , Horisaki Atsushi , Niikura Satoshi , Narusaka Yoshihiro , Abe Hiroshi , Yoshiaki Hitoshi , Ishida Masahiko , Fukuoka Hiroyuki , Matsumoto Satoru 
Published: May 2010

The level of self-incompatibility (SI) is important to the purity of F1seeds produced using the SI system of Brassica vegetables. To analyze the genetic basis of the level of SI, we generated an F2population derived from a cross between a turnip inbred line showing a high level of SI and a Chinese cabbage inbred line showing a low level, and evaluated the level of SI under insect pollination in two years. We constructed a detailed linkage map of Brassica rapa from the F2progeny, consisting of SSR, SNP, indel, and CAPS loci segregating into 10 linkage groups covering approximately 700 cM. Five quantitative trait loci (QTL) for high-level SI were identified. The phenotypic variation explained by the QTL ranged between 7.2% and 23.8%. Two QTL were detected in both years. Mapping of SI-related genes revealed that these QTL were co-localized with SLG on R07 and MLPK on R03. This is the first report of QTL for high-level SI evaluated under insect pollination in a Brassica vegetable. Our results could be useful for the marker-assisted selection of parental lines with a stable SI.
Development of molecular markers and linkage maps for the Carthamus species C. tinctorius and C. oxyacanthus
Authors: Mayerhofer Reinhold , Archibald Catherine , Bowles Victoria , Good Allen G. 
Published: May 2010

A set of SSR and RFLP markers for safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius ) and jeweled distaff thistle ( C. oxyacanthus ) was generated from cDNA and genomic libraries and by mining public and proprietary sequence databases. In total, 1412 PCR-based markers and 75 RFLP markers were screened and polymorphic loci were mapped in an intraspecific F2 population of C. tinctorius and an interspecific BC1 population of C. tinctorius × C. oxyacanthus. The two populations shared one common parent and the resulting linkage maps could be compared for synteny. The level of polymorphism was low in both populations and only 8.2% and 13.7% of the analyzed markers could be mapped in the intraspecific and interspecific maps, respectively. The two maps showed significant colinearity of markers in several regions and an apparent translocation or inversion event on one linkage group. Noticeable segregation distortion was found on one linkage group of the C. tinctorius map and dense clustering of loci occurred on several linkage groups of the C. oxyacanthus map. The two maps represent the first major linkage analysis of Carthamus species. The molecular tools will be useful for a variety of genetic and genomic applications in safflower and its related species and have been used in our laboratory to map a flower color gene in C. tinctorius.
GISH characterization of Erianthus arundinaceus chromosomes in three generations of sugarcane intergeneric hybrids
Authors: Piperidis Nathalie , Chen Jian-wen , Deng Hai-hua , Wang Li-Ping , Jackson Phillip , Piperidis George 
Published: May 2010

Within Erianthus , a genus close to Saccharum , the species E. arundinaceus has the potential to contribute valuable traits to sugarcane, including adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses and ratooning ability. Sugarcane breeders have tried for a long time to use Erianthus species in their breeding programs but until recently were constrained by a lack of fertile Saccharum × Erianthus hybrids. We report here for the first time the chromosome composition of fertile Saccharum officinarum × E. arundinaceus F1, BC1 (F1 × sugarcane cultivar), and BC2 (BC1 × sugarcane cultivar) hybrids. The F1 and BC2 resulted from n + n chromosome transmission, while the BC1 resulted from 2n + n transmission. In the BC1 clones, the number of E. arundinaceus chromosomes ranged from 21 to 30, and in the BC2 clones, the number ranged from 14 to 15, revealing cases of chromosome loss. No recombination events between Saccharum and Erianthus chromosomes were observed in either the BC1 or BC2 clones. The implications of these results for introgression of genes from E. arundinaceus in sugarcane breeding programs are discussed. We propose a strategy to identify the agronomic value of chromosomes from E. arundinaceus and to conduct targeted breeding based on this information.
National Centers for Environmental Prediction – National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalyses data for hydrologic modelling on a basin scale
Authors: Solaiman Tarana A. , Simonovic Slobodan P. 
Published: May 2010

This paper evaluates the National Centers for Environmental Prediction – National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalyses hydroclimatic data as an initial check for assessment of hydrologic impacts of climate change at the basin scale. A reanalysis dataset for daily precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature from the NCEP–NCAR global (NNGR) and regional (North American Regional Reanalysis or NARR) reanalysis project has been used as input into the semidistributed hydrologic model (Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydraulic Modeling System or HEC–HMS) for the period 1980–2005. An extensive analysis has been performed for assessing the performance of the reanalysis data generated flows compared with the observed inputs during May–November. The stream flows generated from the NARR dataset show encouraging results in simulating summertime low flows with less variability and fewer errors. The results indicate that NNGR results are less accurate and highly variable. This study suggests that NARR can be adequately used as an alternative in data-scarce regions.
Experimental evaluation of remaining strength of crossarms in Gulfport transmission line wood structures
Authors: Pandey M. D. , Ho V. , McCarthy F. , Woodward S. B. 
Published: May 2010

Electrical transmission lines in Canada and elsewhere widely utilize wood structures to support electrical conductors. The Gulfport structure is one of the largest wooden structures used in Canada’s electricity transmission networks. Continuous exposure of crossarms to wide-ranging temperature, moisture, and load conditions makes them vulnerable to internal decay and failure under adverse weather conditions, such as windstorms and snowstorms. These failures can result in forced outages and customer disruptions with significant economic losses, and therefore the electrical utility industry has taken a keen interest in developing condition-assessment methods to support cost-effective replacement of aged wood crossarms. At present, there is no dataset available regarding the remaining strength of wood pole crossarms exposed to the aboveground environment for 30–40 years of service life in Canada. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental study focussed on evaluating the remaining strength distribution in a sample of crossarms removed from service. The experimental data presented in the paper are essential to assess remaining life and develop guidelines for condition assessment of crossarms.
CSPα: the neuroprotective J proteinThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue entitled “Canadian Society of Biochemistry, Molecular & Cellular Biology 52nd Annual Meeting — Protein Folding: Principles and Diseases” and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process.
Authors: Johnson Jadah N. , Ahrendt Eva , Braun Janice E.A. 
Published: May 2010

Cysteine string protein (CSPα, also called DnaJC5) is unique among J proteins. Similar to other J proteins, CSPα interacts with and activates the ATPase of Hsc70s (heat shock proteins of 70 kDa), thereby harnessing the ATPase activity for conformational work on client proteins. In contrast to other J proteins, CSPα is anchored to synaptic vesicles, as well as to exocrine, endocrine and neuroendocrine secretory granules, and has been shown to have an essential anti-neurodegenerative role. CSPα-null organisms exhibit progressive neurodegeneration, behavioural deficits, and premature death, most likely due to the progressive misfolding of one or more client proteins. Here we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the critical role that CSPα plays in governing exocytotic secretory functions.
Anti-Escherichia coliO157:H7 activity of free fatty acids under varying pH
Authors: Yang Jinli , Hou Xianzhi , Mir Priya S. , McAllister Tim A. 
Published: May 2010

Following screening of 4 strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E32511, E318N, H4420N, and R508N) for acid tolerance, strain H4420N was selected for further study into the influence of pH on bactericidal activity of 6 fatty acids (capric, lauric, palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic). Strain H4420N was cultured for 6 h in Luria–Bertani broth amended with individual fatty acids at 20 mmol/L, with pH adjusted to 7.0, 4.3, or 2.5. None of the fatty acids exhibited bactericidal activity at pH 7.0 (p >0.05). At pH 4.3, only capric, lauric, and linoleic acids reduced viability of H4420N (p < 0.05). At pH 2.5, oleic (C18:1) and linolenic (C18:3) acids had modest effects on H4420N viability, whereas capric (C10:0), lauric (C12:0), and linoleic (C18:2) acids resulted in a reduction ≥5 log10colony-forming units (CFU)/mL (p < 0.05). Capric and lauric acids were examined further at pH 2.5 over a range of concentrations (0.15–20 mmol/L). After 10 min of exposure, 5 log10 CFU/mL reductions (p < 0.05) were achieved by lauric acid at 2.5 mmol/L and by capric acid at 0.31 mmol/L. Acid stress increased the sensitivity of acid-tolerant E. coli O157:H7 strain H4420N to fatty acids. Including sources of these fatty acids in diets for cattle might impair the ability of this zoonotic pathogen to survive passage through the stomach, possibly reducing the potential for its colonization in the lower gut.
Comparison of effectiveness of wood decay fungi maintained by annual subculture on agar and stored in sterile water for 18 years
Authors: Richter Dana L. , Kangas Laura C. , Smith Jill K. , Laks Peter E. 
Published: May 2010

Fourteen isolates of basidiomycete decay fungi (12 species) were maintained for 18 years on agar slants transferred annually and alsostored as mycelium-agar cores under cold sterile water without subculture. Isolates stored by each method were evaluated for decay effectiveness using a standard laboratory accelerated soil-block decay test. Effectiveness was measured by mean percent mass loss of wood blocks. There was no significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in decay effectiveness between storage methods for 12 of the fungus isolates tested. For the 2 fungi that showed a significant difference in the amount of decay with respect to storage method, 1 fungus ( Fomitopsis lilacinogilva ) produced more decay by the strain maintained as an agar slant, while the other fungus ( Trametes versicolor ) produced more decay by the strain stored in sterile water. Results suggested that storage under sterile water is an easy and effective method to store isolates of decay fungi for long periods, but as with any microbial storage method, careful monitoring of isolates upon revival is necessary.
Improving the culturability of freshwater bacteria using FW70, a low-nutrient solid medium amended with sodium pyruvate
Authors: Imazaki Iori , Kobori Youichi 
Published: May 2010

Bacterial culture based on the use of plate media is an effective method for investigating bacterial populations in the environment. To improve the culturability of bacteria from freshwater lakes, we developed a new medium, FW70, which contains sodium pyruvate, casamino acids, and lake water and is solidified using gellan gum. To test the importance of these components, we prepared a series of media in which one or more of the components was absent. Water was sampled 31 times from 3 Japanese lakes and was passed through a membrane filter (pore size = 0.45 µm) to remove fast-growing microbes before the water was spread onto the plates. In most cases, significantly larger numbers of bacterial colonies were detected on FW70 than on other media. Furthermore, to test the practicality of FW70, we compared it with standard nutrient agar and R2A agar. In all cases, the culturability was significantly greater on FW70 than on standard nutrient agar or R2A agar. Some isolates recovered by means of FW70 belonged to bacteria that had not previously been classified. These results suggest that FW70 improves the culturability of freshwater bacteria and can be used for the isolation of novel bacteria as a result of the filtration step.
Dietary response of Barn Owls (Tyto alba) to large variations in populations of common voles (Microtus arvalis) and European water voles (Arvicola terrestris)
Authors: Bernard Nadine , Michelat Dominique , Raoul Francis , Quéré Jean-Pierre , Delattre Pierre , Giraudoux Patrick 
Published: May 2010

The diet of the Barn Owl ( Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769)) was studied over an 8-year period in the Jura mountains of France, during two population surges of its main rodent prey (common voles, Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778), and European water voles, Arvicola terrestris (L.,1758)), allowing us to test whether T. alba is an opportunistic predator as is often cited in the literature or exhibits more complex patterns of prey selection as is reported in arid environments. Small mammals were sampled by trapping and index methods. We observed (i) significant correlations between the proportions of A. terrestris, M. arvalis, and woodland rodents in the diet and their respective densities in the field; (ii) interactions between populations of A. terrestris and M. arvalis, indicating that the proportion of each species in diet was affected by the density of the other; (iii) proportions of red-toothed shrews (genus Sorex (L., 1758)) in the diet did not correlate with their abundance in the field, indicating that those species were likely to be preyed upon when others were no longer available. This confirms that T. alba is generally opportunistic; however, prey selection of a focal species (e.g., Sorex spp., grassland species) can be affected by the density or availability of the other prey species.
REVERSIBLE GEODESICS FOR (α, β)-METRICS
Authors: MASCA IOANA MONICA , SABAU VASILE SORIN , SHIMADA HIDEO 
Published: May 2010

A Finsler space is said to have reversible geodesics if for any of its oriented geodesic paths, the same path traversed in the opposite sense is also a geodesic. In [6] the conditions for a Randers space to have reversible geodesics have been found. The main goal of this paper is to find conditions for a Finsler space endowed with an (α, β)-metric to be with reversible geodesics or strictly reversible geodesics, respectively.Moreover, we obtain some new classes of (α, β)-metrics with reversible geodesics and show how new Finsler metrics with reversible geodesics can be constructed by means of a Randers change.
BRAID MONODROMY OF SOME BRIESKORN–PHAM SINGULARITIES
Authors: LÖNNE MICHAEL 
Published: May 2010

For germs of isolated hypersurface singularities Lyashko and Looijenga introduced a map LL on the complement of the bifurcation set. It takes values in the space of simple polynomials of degree equal to the Milnor number μ of the singularity, and thus induces a map LL* from the fundamental group to the braid group on μ strands. For the case of curve singularities given by a polynomial x3 + yℓ+1 we give a uniform description of the image LL* and derive a presentation of the discriminant knot group, i.e. for the fundamental group of the complement to the discriminant divisor.
CAUCHY PROBLEM FOR VISCOUS SHALLOW WATER EQUATIONS WITH A TERM OF CAPILLARITY
Authors: HASPOT BORIS 
Published: May 2010

In this paper, we consider the compressible Navier–Stokes equation with density-dependent viscosity coefficients and a term of capillarity introduced formally by van der Waals in Ref. 51. This model includes at the same time the barotropic Navier–Stokes equations with variable viscosity coefficients, shallow-water system and the model introduced by Rohde in Ref. 46. We first study the well-posedness of the model in critical regularity spaces with respect to the scaling of the associated equations. In a functional setting as close as possible to the physical energy spaces, we prove global existence of solutions close to a stable equilibrium, and local in time existence of solutions with general initial data. Uniqueness is also obtained.
A COGNITIVE-RELATIONAL VIEW OF INNOVATION IN THE AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRY: THE FRESH-CUT BUSINESS
Authors: RUSSO SPENA TIZIANA , COLURCIO MARIA 
Published: May 2010

The aim of our study is to analyse competitive dynamics in an emerging sector of the wider agri-food industry, namely the fresh-cut business (fruit and vegetable products that are minimally processed and ready to eat). Our work is based on case study research. We propose an interpretive model that we term the cognitive-relational framework. Our framework explains the development dynamics of the emergent fresh -cut business and outlines structural links among resources, relationships, and innovation processes, which are basic and critical elements for the continued growth of the traditional agri-food industry.Our proposed cognitive-relational approach allowed us to understand how the studied firms radically transformed the ways they manage their business and develop new products. Using this approach, we now understand why these firms have become market leaders in this innovative sector of the food industry.
Vasoprotective and Atheroprotective Effects of Angiotensin (1-7) in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
Authors: Tesanovic Sonja , Vinh Antony , Gaspari Tracey A. , Casley David , Widdop Robert E. 
Published: May 2010

Objective—To evaluate the effectiveness of long-term angiotensin (Ang) (1-7) treatment to inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice.Methods and Results—Ang (1-7) is a heptapeptide fragment that has been proposed to counterregulate the Ang II proatherogenic effects. The effect of long-term 4-week Ang (1-7) treatment on both inhibition of atherosclerotic lesion development and improvement of endothelial function was examined in apolipoprotein E−/−mice that had been fed an atherogenic high-fat (21%) diet for 16 weeks. Chronic Ang (1-7) treatment significantly improved endothelial function, an effect reversed with either angiotensin type 2 (AT2) orMasreceptor blockade. In these vessels, Ang (1-7) treatment significantly decreased superoxide production and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity when compared with vehicle treatment. These effects were blocked by both AT2andMasreceptor antagonists. Lesion development, assessed as both fatty deposits (oil red O) and intima to media ratio, was also significantly decreased with Ang (1-7) treatment compared with respective controls. Cotreatment with either AT2orMasreceptor antagonists reversed Ang (1-7)–mediated reduction in lesion development.Conclusion—Long-term Ang (1-7) treatment caused both vasoprotection, via improvement in endothelial function, and atheroprotection, with a reduction in lesion progression in a model of atherosclerosis. These effects appear to be mediated by the restoration of nitric oxide bioavailability and involve a complex interaction of bothMasand AT2receptors.
Ground-to-Air Gas Emission Rate Inferred from Measured Concentration Rise within a Disturbed Atmospheric Surface Layer
Authors: Wilson J. D. , Flesch T. K. , Bourdin P. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In reference to previously observed concentrations of methane released from a source enclosed by a windbreak, this paper examines a refined “inverse dispersion” approach for estimating the rate of emission Q from a small ground-level source, when the surface-layer winds near that source are highly disturbed. The inverse dispersion method under investigation is based on simulation of turbulent trajectories between sources and detectors, using a Lagrangian stochastic (LS) model. At issue is whether it is advantageous to recognize the flow as being disturbed and use a computed approximation to that disturbed flow to drive a fully three-dimensional LS model (3D-LS), or whether it suffices to ignore flow disturbance and adopt an LS model attuned to the horizontally homogeneous upwind flow (MO-LS, as Monin–Obukhov similarity theory describes the vertical inhomogeneity). It is demonstrated that both approaches estimate the source strength to within a factor of 2 of the true value, irrespectively of the location of the concentration measurement, and moreover that both approaches estimate the source strength correctly (to within the experimental uncertainty), when based on concentrations measured far away from the immediate influence of obstacles in the flow. However, if the concentration detector is positioned close to the flow-disturbing obstacles, then inverse dispersion based on 3D-LS provides a better estimate of source strength than does MO-LS.