bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Better Bounds for k-Partitions of Graphs
Authors: XU BAOGANG , YU XINGXING 
Published: May 2011

Let G be a graph with m edges, and let k be a positive integer. We show that V(G) admits a k-partition V1, . . . Vk such that $e(V_i)\leq \frac 1{k^2}m+\frac {k-1}{2k^2}(\sqrt{2m+1/4}-1/2)$ for i ∈ {1, 2, . . . k}, and $e(V_1, \ldots, V_k)\geq \frac{k-1}{ k} m +\frac{k-1}{ 2k}\sqrt{2m+1/4} +O(k)$, where e(Vi) denotes the number of edges with both ends in Vi and $e(V_1,\ldots, V_k)=m-\sum_{i=1}^ke(V_i)$. This answers a problem of Bollobás and Scott [2] in the affirmative. Moreover, $\binom{k+1}{ 2}e(V_i)+\frac k2\sum_{j\ne i}e(V_j)\le m + O(k^2)$ for i ∈ {1, 2, . . ., k}, which is close to being best possible and settles another problem of Bollobás and Scott [2].
Shadow interest rates in Stockholm and the integration of early financial markets, 1660–1685: was Heckscher right?
Authors: Edvinsson Rodney 
Published: May 2011

The decline of interest rates during the early modern period is considered an important factor in the subsequent rise of capitalist society. This article uses unique empirical material based on bills of exchange in Stockholm between 1660 and 1685 to estimate underlying ‘shadow interest rates’. It shows that annual rates ‘according’ to Stockholm were very high, mostly above 10 per cent, an indication of underdeveloped financial integration between Stockholm and the main European centres. There are also indications of a decline in these rates during the period studied, reflecting improved efficiency in Swedish financial markets.
FAMILIES OF DIRAC OPERATORS AND QUANTUM AFFINE GROUPS
Authors: MICKELSSON JOUKO 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwistedK-theory classes over compact Lie groups can be realized as families of Fredholm operators using the representation theory of loop groups. In this paper we show how to deform the Fredholm family in the sense of quantum groups. The family of Dirac-type operators is parametrized by vectors in the adjoint module for a quantum affine algebra and transforms covariantly under a central extension of the algebra.
Minimizing the ruin probability through capital injections
Authors: Nie Ciyu , Dickson David C. M. , Li Shuanming 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe consider an insurer who has a fixed amount of funds allocated as the initial surplus for a risk portfolio, so that the probability of ultimate ruin for this portfolio is at a known level. We consider the question of whether the insurer can reduce this ultimate ruin probability by allocating part of the initial funds to the purchase of a reinsurance contract. This reinsurance contract would restore the insurer's surplus to a positive level k every time the surplus fell between 0 and k. The insurer's objective is to choose the level k that minimizes the ultimate ruin probability. Using different examples of reinsurance premium calculation and claim size distribution we show that this objective can be achieved, often with a substantial reduction in the ultimate ruin probability from the situation when there is no reinsurance. We also show that by purchasing reinsurance the insurer can release funds for other purposes without altering its ultimate ruin probability.
The CBCL 1.5–5 and the identification of preschoolers with autism in Italy
Authors: Muratori F. , Narzisi A. , Tancredi R. , Cosenza A. , Calugi S. , Saviozzi I. , Santocchi E. , Calderoni S. 
Published: May 2011

Aims.To study the potential use of child behaviour checklist (CBCL) 1.5–5 scales for the early identification of preschoolers at risk of autism.Methods.CBCL scores of three groups of preschoolers were compared: (1) an experimental group of 101 preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); (2) a control group of 95 preschoolers with other psychiatric disorders (OPD); (3) a control group of 117 preschoolers with typical development (TD). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), logistic regression with odds ratio (OR) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed.Results.ANOVA revealed that ASD and OPD had significantly higher scores in almost all CBCL scales than TD. ASD presented significantly higher scores than OPD on Withdrawn, Attention Problems and Pervasive Developmental Problems (PDP) scales. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that these same CBCL scales have validity in predicting the presence of an ASD towards both TD and OPD. ROC analysis indicated high sensitivity and specificity for PDP (0.85 and 0.90) and Withdrawn (0.89 and 0.92) scales when ASD is compared to TD. Specificity (0.60 for PDP and 0.65 for Withdrawn) decreases when comparing ASD and OPDConclusions.The PDP and Withdrawn scales have a good predictive validity so that they could be proposed as a first-level tool to identify preschoolers at risk of autism in primary care settings. Problems regarding the lower specificity when comparing ASDv. OPD are discussed.
On attraction of slime mould Physarum polycephalum to plants with sedative properties
Authors: Adamatzky Andrew 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA plasmodium of acellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a large single cell with many nuclei. Presented to a configuration of attracting and repelling stimuli a plasmodium optimizes its growth pattern and spans the attractants, while avoiding repellents, with efficient network of protoplasmic tubes. Such behaviour is interpreted as computation and the plasmodium as an amorphous growing biological computer. Till recently laboratory prototypes of slime mould computing devices (Physarum machines) employed rolled oats and oat powder to represent input data. We explore alternative sources of chemo-attractants, which do not require a sophisticated laboratory synthesis. We show that plasmodium of P. polycephalum prefers sedative herbal tablets and dried plants to oat flakes and honey. In laboratory experiments we develop a hierarchy of slime-mould’s chemo-tactic preferences. We show that Valerian root (Valeriana officinalis) is the strongest chemo-attractant of P. polycephalum outperforming not only most common plants with sedative activities but also some herbal tablets.
A new functional role for lateral inhibition in the striatum: Pavlovian conditioning
Authors: Connor Patrick , Trappenberg Thomas 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe striatum has long been implicated in reinforcement learning and has been suggested by several neurophysiological studies as the substrate for encoding the reward value of stimuli. Reward prediction error (RPE) has been used in several basal ganglia models as the underlying learning signal, which leads to Pavlovian conditioning abilities that can be simulated by the Rescorla-Wagner model.Lateral inhibition between striatal projection neurons was once thought to have a winner-take-all function, useful in selecting between possible actions. However, it has been noted that the necessary reciprocal connections for this interpretation are too few, and the relative strength of these synaptic connections is weak. Still, modeling studies show that lateral inhibition does have an overall suppression effect on striatal activity and may play an important role in striatal processing.Neurophysiological recordings show task-relevant ensembles of responsive neurons at specific points in a behavioral paradigm (Barnes et al., 2005), which appear to be induced by lateral inhibition (see Ponzi and Wickens, 2010). We have developed a similarly responding, RPE-based model of the striatum by incorporating lateral inhibition. Model neurons are assigned to either the direct or the indirect pathway but lateral connections occur within and between these groups, leading to competition between both the individual neurons and their pathways. We successfully applied this model to the simulation of Pavlovian phenomena beyond those of the Rescorla-Wagner model, including negative patterning, unovershadowing, and external inhibition.
SVA: software for annotating and visualizing sequenced human genomes
Authors: Ge Dongliang , Ruzzo Elizabeth K. , Shianna Kevin V. , He Min , Pelak Kimberly , Heinzen Erin L. , Need Anna C. , Cirulli Elizabeth T. , Maia Jessica M. , Dickson Samuel P. , Zhu Mingfu , Singh Abanish , Allen Andrew S. , Goldstein David B. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Summary: Here we present Sequence Variant Analyzer (SVA), a software tool that assigns a predicted biological function to variants identified in next-generation sequencing studies and provides a browser to visualize the variants in their genomic contexts. SVA also provides for flexible interaction with software implementing variant association tests allowing users to consider both the bioinformatic annotation of identified variants and the strength of their associations with studied traits. We illustrate the annotation features of SVA using two simple examples of sequenced genomes that harbor Mendelian mutations.
Availability and implementation: Freely available on the web at http://www.svaproject.org.
Contact: d.ge@duke.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The range of treatments for pain due to cancer
Authors: Hoskin Peter 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCancer pain will comprise a complex clinical picture often including a number of individual pains each with a somatic source and a variable but significant affective component requiring careful detailed assessment for each patient. The mainstay of management will be analgesics used according to the principles of the analgesic ladder but these should be augmented by appropriate adjuvant drugs such as non-steroidals, anxiolytics and antidepressants and for neuropathic pain, in particular, antidepressants and anticonvulsants. Non-drug treatments including acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), massage and supportive psychotherapy may have a major role in selected patients. Whenever possible specific anticancer treatment should be considered to address the underlying cause of the pain. Knowledge of the primary tumour and details of previous treatment will inform options for systemic treatment with chemotherapy or hormone manipulation.Radiotherapy has a major role in the management of bone metastases, cerebral metastases and pain due to progressive local tumour infiltration. Surgery for pathological fracture, vertebral collapse and bowel obstruction, and stenting for oesophageal, bronchial, ureteric and superior vena cava obstruction should also be considered.
The development and efficacy of the WHO analgesic ladder
Authors: Caraceni Augusto , Grond Stefan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUse of the WHO analgesic ladder can control pain due to cancer for the majority of patients. The ladder is based on simple principles such as: simplicity in the choice of analgesic; simplicity in the choice of route; individualization of dose, particularly of strong opioids; continuous pain requires continuous medication; use of adjuvant analgesics; treatment of adverse effects to allow adequate dose titration. The principles of the WHO ladder should be applicable in all care settings. While there are no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the method, these would now be impossible as it is accepted as the gold standard worldwide.
Opioid receptors
Authors: Urch Catherine E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThere are four members of the opioid receptor family mu, delta, kappa and ORL-1. G protein linked receptors. Acute response to ligand binding differs from chronic response. Acute response includes dimerisation, endocytosis and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, cAMP systems and hyperpolarization of the neuron. Chronic response includes altered G protein, adenylyl cyclase proteins, increased phosphorylation, receptor modulation, rectification of hyperpolarization and attenuation of extreme inhibition. New altered receptor activation and cell inhibition state achieved. Polymorphisms in receptor and enzyme pathways give insight into inter-individual response.
Management of adverse effects
Authors: Fallon Marie , McConnell Sandra 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOpioids may cause CNS, GI, autonomic and cutaneous adverse effects. Adverse effects must be differentiated from comorbid conditions and drug interactions. Opioid adverse effects may be treated by decreasing dose of opioids, opioid switching, changing the route of administration and/or symptomatic management. Opioid toxicity must be screened for and treated without delay.
Other alternative oral opioids
Authors: Makin Matthew 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Some opioids may have advantages over morphine in specific circumstances because of their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. The fentanyl analogues may have greatest utility for episodic pain. Theoretical advantages such as NMDA receptor antagonism and inhibition of the re-uptake of biogenic monoamines have not been confirmed as producing better efficacy or tolerability in clinical studies.
Transdermal opioids
Authors: Feathers Luke , Faull Christina 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Transdermal opioids can provide good pain relief. They are useful when the oral route of administration is not possible, but should not be used when rapid titration of analgesia is required. Theymay aid compliance and may cause less constipation and somnolence than morphine. They may be the patient’s method of choice.
Other routes of opioid administration
Authors: Zeppetella Giovambattista 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe oral route is the commonest route of opioid administration. In some instances, clinical circumstances make a switch to an alternative route of administration desirable. Common alternative routes include oral transmucosal, rectal, inhaled and topical administration. The evidence base for alternatives to the oral route is often from case reports; the strongest evidence is for oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate in the management of breakthrough pain. There are few non-oral licensed preparations available and most use is off-label.
Spinal opioids
Authors: Simpson Karen H. , Baranidharan Ganesan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSpinal opioids mediate their main actions via mu receptors in the brain and in the substantiagelatinosa within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Neuraxial opioids can be very useful when the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder fails to provide adequate analgesia or leads to unmanageable adverse effects. Intrathecal drug delivery has advantages over epidural drug delivery such as low dose requirements and fewer longer-term complications. Careful patient selection is crucial and should include intrathecal test dosing. Multidisciplinary team work and good post-procedure support are essential for the ongoing management of intrathecal drug delivery to optimize analgesia and manage adverse events.
Opioids in special circumstances
Authors: Murtagh Fliss , Edmonds Polly , Farnham Chris 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRegarding opioids in renal disease, the degree of renal impairment should be established where possible, using estimated glomerular filtration rate. Choice of opioid is important. In severe renal impairment avoid repeated administration of opioids with known toxic metabolites (such as codeine, dihydrocodeine, morphine and diamorphine), and avoid modified release preparations. Use preferred opioids (buprenorphine, fentanyl and alfentanil) carefully, start at very low doses, with increased dose interval, and titrate against clinical response.Regarding opioids in liver disease, many patients with hepatic dysfunction have pain requiring opioid analgesics. The liver dysfunction needs to be severe for clinical issues around prescribing in palliative care to become relevant. Avoid opioids with long half lives and modified release preparations; if toxicity develops, it will be prolonged. Opioids should be used with caution eg low starting doses, increased dose interval and careful monitoring. Alternative opioids do not have any specific advantages. Regarding opioids in respiratory disease, opioids are known to have respiratory depressant side effects. Clinicians may be anxious about prescribing opioids in patients with chronic lung disease. In practice, patients seem to develop tolerance to the respiratory depressant side effects. Careful titration with normal release opioids and regular clinical review means these drugs can be used in patients with respiratory disease. Regarding prescribing opioids in patients with a history of drug misuse, patients with a history of substance misuse develop pain. Substance misuse can be a barrier to adequate pain management. Effective pain control requires good communication, boundary setting and team working. British Pain Society guidance should guide practice.
Targeted mRNA Oxidation Regulates Sunflower Seed Dormancy Alleviation during Dry After-Ripening
Authors: Bazin Jérémie , Langlade Nicolas , Vincourt Patrick , Arribat Sandrine , Balzergue Sandrine , El-Maarouf-Bouteau Hayat , Bailly Christophe 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
After-ripening is the mechanism by which dormant seeds become nondormant during their dry storage after harvest. The absence of free water in mature seeds does not allow detectable metabolism; thus, the processes associated with dormancy release under these conditions are largely unknown. We show here that sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed alleviation of dormancy during after-ripening is associated with mRNA oxidation and that this oxidation is prevented when seeds are maintained dormant. In vitro approaches demonstrate that mRNA oxidation results in artifacts in cDNA–amplified fragment length polymorphim analysis and alters protein translation. The oxidation of transcripts is not random but selective, and, using microarrays, we identified 24 stored mRNAs that became highly oxidized during after-ripening. Oxidized transcripts mainly correspond to genes involved in responses to stress and in cell signaling. Among them, protein phosphatase 2C PPH1, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1, and phenyl ammonia lyase 1 were identified. We propose that targeted mRNA oxidation during dry after-ripening of dormant seeds could be a process that governs cell signaling toward germination in the early steps of seed imbibition.
Real‐time business process monitoring using formal concept analysis
Authors: Kang Bokyoung , Jung Jae‐Yoon , Wook Cho Nam , Kang Suk‐Ho 
Published: June 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to help industrial managers monitor and analyze critical performance indicators in real time during the execution of business processes by proposing a visualization technique using an extended formal concept analysis (FCA). The proposed approach monitors the current progress of ongoing processes and periodically predicts their probable routes and performances.Design/methodology/approachFCA is utilized to analyze relations among patterns of events in historical process logs, and this method of data analysis visualizes the relations in a concept lattice. To apply FCA to real‐time business process monitoring, the authors extended the conventional concept lattice into a reachability lattice, which enables managers to recognize reachable patterns of events in specific instances of business processes.FindingsBy using a reachability lattice, expected values of a target key performance indicator are predicted and traced along with probable outcomes. Analysis is conducted periodically as the monitoring time elapses over the course of business processes.Practical implicationsThe proposed approach focuses on the visualization of probable event occurrences on the basis of historical data. Such visualization can be utilized by industrial managers to evaluate the status of any given instance during business processes and to easily predict possible subsequent states for purposes of effective and efficient decision making. The proposed method was developed in a prototype system for proof of concept and has been illustrated using a simplified real‐world example of a business process in a telecommunications company.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this paper lies in the development of a real‐time monitoring approach of ongoing processes. The authors have provided a new data structure, namely a reachability lattice, which visualizes real‐time progress of ongoing business processes. As a result, current and probable next states can be predicted graphically using periodically conducted analysis during the processes.
Modelling mechanical behaviour of rubber concrete using evolutionary polynomial regression
Authors: Ahangar‐Asr Alireza , Faramarzi Asaad , Javadi Akbar A. , Giustolisi Orazio 
Published: June 2011

PurposeUsing discarded tyre rubber as concrete aggregate is an effective solution to the environmental problems associated with disposal of this waste material. However, adding rubber as aggregate in concrete mixture changes, the mechanical properties of concrete, depending mainly on the type and amount of rubber used. An appropriate model is required to describe the behaviour of rubber concrete in engineering applications. The purpose of this paper is to show how a new evolutionary data mining technique, evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR), is used to predict the mechanical properties of rubber concrete.Design/methodology/approachEPR is a data‐driven method based on evolutionary computing, aimed to search for polynomial structures representing a system. In this technique, a combination of the genetic algorithm and the least square method is used to find feasible structures and the appropriate constants for those structures.FindingsData from 70 cases of experiments on rubber concrete are used for development and validation of the EPR models. Three models are developed relating compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and elastic modulus to a number of physical parameters that are known to contribute to the mechanical behaviour of rubber concrete. The most outstanding characteristic of the proposed technique is that it provides a transparent, structured, and accurate representation of the behaviour of the material in the form of a polynomial function, giving insight to the user about the contributions of different parameters involved. The proposed model shows excellent agreement with experimental results, and provides an efficient method for estimation of mechanical properties of rubber concrete.Originality/valueIn this paper, a new evolutionary data mining approach is presented for the analysis of mechanical behaviour of rubber concrete. The new approach overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional and artificial neural network‐based methods presented in the literature for the analysis of slopes. EPR provides a viable tool to find a structured representation of the system, which allows the user to gain additional information on how the system performs.