bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Iresine viroid 1 in Celosia plumosa in the Netherlands
Authors: Verhoeven J. Th. J. , Jansen C. C. C. , Botermans M. , Roenhorst J. W. 
Published: June 2010

In 2008, in the framework of surveying for pospiviroids, nine symptomless clones of Celosia plumosa (Voss) Burv. (Amaranthaceae) from a Dutch breeding company were tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primer sets Pospi1-RE/FW and Vid-RE/FW (4). In four samples, amplicons of 227 nt were obtained with primers Pospi1-RE/FW. Sequencing of the amplicons showed identities of more than 99% to the partial sequence of Iresine viroid 1 (IrVd-1) from Alternanthera sessilis, NCBI GenBank Accession No DQ846886 (2). Subsequently, a set of primers was designed to amplify the complete viroid genome, i.e., IrVd-FW1 5′-GCG GAA GAA ACA GGA GCT CGW CT-3′ and IrVd-RE1 5′-CGC GWG GAG TTC TCC GGT CTT TA-3′ – identical to nt 168 to 190 and 145 to 167 of the complete IrVd-1 sequences in the NCBI GenBank (Nos. DQ094293, DQ094294, NC_003613, and X95734). One isolate from C. plumosa was amplified with this primer pair and amplicons were cloned into the pGEM-T Easy Vector System II. Sequencing of one individual cDNA clone (GenBank Accession No. GU911350) revealed a genome size of 370 nt and 98.1% sequence identity to the IrVd–1 isolate from Vinca major, GenBank Accession No. DQ094293 (1). Hence, the viroid was identified as IrVd-1. The isolate from C. plumosa was also mechanically inoculated to 10 healthy plants of C. plumosa, chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) cv. White Delianne, potato (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Nicola, and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Moneymaker. No symptoms were observed over a 6-week period, and RT-PCR with primers Pospi1-RE/FW on bulked samples of five plants per species only identified IrVd-1 in both samples of C. plumosa. For tomato, these results confirm those of Spieker (3). Therefore, in contrast to the other pospiviroids, it seems unlikely that IrVd-1 poses a threat to potato and tomato. References: (1) X. Nie et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 27:592, 2005. (2) R. P. Singh et al. Plant Dis. 90:1457, 2006. (3) R. L. Spieker. J. Gen. Virol. 77:2631, 1996. (4) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:823, 2004.
First Report of Banana bract mosaic virus in Flowering Ginger in Hawaii
Authors: Wang I.-C. , Sether D. M. , Melzer M. J. , Borth W. B. , Hu J. S. 
Published: June 2010

Flowering ginger, Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum., is a popular cut flower and tropical landscape plant in Hawaii. In Hawaii, ginger flowers, including red and pink cultivars, are grown as field crops with an estimated annual sales of more than $1.6 million (USD) in 2006 (2). In June 2009, a commercial ginger flower grower from Waimanalo, Oahu, Hawaii reported plants with symptoms that included severe mosaic and stripes on the leaves. Flowers showed significant cupping and browning and growers report a reduction in size and shelf life. Symptomatic ginger was also identified at the Lyon Arboretum in Honolulu. Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) were isolated from pooled leaf samples collected from 42 symptomatic plants at two locations on the island of Oahu to further characterize the pathogen associated with the symptomatic ginger. dsRNAs of approximately 0.7, 1.1, 1.8, 2.2, and 12 kb were present in the extractions from symptomatic plants but not in extractions from asymptomatic plants. Partial cloning and sequence analysis of the dsRNA revealed 95 to 98% nucleotide identity to sequences of P1, HC-Pro, C1, 6K2, VpG, NIb, and CP genes and the 3′ untranslated region (total approximately 6 kb) of Banana bract mosaic virus (BBrMV). Total RNAs were also isolated from the symptomatic and asymptomatic plants from the Waimanalo farm and Lyon Arboretum. These RNA isolations were used in reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primers Bract N1: 5′-GGRACATCACCAAATTTRAATGG-3′ and Bract NR: 5′-GTGTGCYTCTCTAGCCCTGTT-3′ (1), to amplify a 279-bp conserved region of the coat protein of BBrMV. Amplicons of the appropriate size were obtained from 38 of the symptomatic plants, whereas none were obtained from asymptomatic controls. RT-PCR amplicons of arbitrarily selected samples were cloned into pGEM-T Easy, sequenced, and found to be 99% identical to corresponding sequences of BBrMV. Furthermore, using double-antibody sandwich-ELISA assay and antibodies (3), we developed a system that can specifically detect BBrMV in infected flowering ginger plants and not in healthy appearing ginger. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BBrMV in flowering ginger in Hawaii. Further research is needed to determine if BBrMV infecting ginger poses a threat to banana, edible ginger, and other closely related ornamentals in Hawaii. References: (1) M. L. Iskra-Caruana et al. J. Virol. Methods 153:223, 2008. (2) Statistics of Hawaii Agriculture (2006). HDOA/USDA (NASS). 96, 2008. (3) J. E. Thomas et al. Phytopathology 87:698, 1997.
First Report of European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus in Sorbus aucuparia from Eastern Karelia, Russia
Authors: Valkonen J. P. T. , Rännäli M. 
Published: June 2010

Mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia L.) is a tree that is native to northern Europe. It was recently found to be infected with European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARaV) in Germany and Finland (2,3). EMARaV is not transmitted mechanically and no vector is known, but it is related to negative-sense RNA viruses transmitted by eriophyid mites (3) and represents a new viral species of the genus Emaravirus, which is not assigned to any family. In Finland, EMARaV is common, widely distributed, and detected in all tested ringspot disease-affected and symptomless mountain ash trees (2). Ringspot symptoms occur in mountain ash also in Sweden (west from Finland). In this study, ringspot-affected mountain ash trees were found in Ustreka, which marks the eastern edge of the geologically defined Baltic Shield and the eastern geobotanical borderline of Fennoscandia in eastern Karelia, Russia (1). This border zone can be recognized by changes in vegetation, including occurrence of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), which does not belong to Fennoscandian flora. Three young mountain ash trees (4 to 5 years old and 2 to 3 m tall) displayed symptoms characteristic of EMARaV at Lake Tsumba (61°50′58″N, 37°45′34″E) in August 2009. EMARaV was detected in collected leaves by reverse transcription-PCR using virus-specific primers as described (2). The nucleocapsid protein genes (944 nucleotides) of the three isolates (Rus1, Rus2, and Rus3) were 97 to 99% identical (GenBank Accession Nos. GU563317, GU563318, and GU563319). On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, the Russian isolates, and three previously characterized isolates from Finland (Ris60, Ris61, and Kuo 12) formed a distinct cluster separate from the remaining 14 previously characterized isolates from Finland and one isolate from Germany. Division of EMARaV to two genetically distinguishable groups was realized for the first time. EMARaV-infected mountain ash trees suffer from chlorosis and growth reduction of varying severity, which impairs their value as an ornamental and for carpentry. To our knowledge, this is the first report in Russia on definite identification of a virus and virus disease in an economically important native plant of northern Europe in the natural habitat as far east as the geobotanical border zone of Fennoscandia. References: (1) T. Ahti and M. Boychek. The Botanical Journeys of A. K. Cajander and J. I. Lindroth to Karelia and Onega River in 1898 and 1899. Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland, 2006. (2) A. K. Kallinen et al. Phytopathology 99:344, 2009. (3) N. Mielke and H. P. Muehlbach. J. Gen. Virol. 88:1337, 2007.
First Report of Tobacco etch virus Infection in Coleus in the United States
Authors: Lockhart B. E. L. , Mason S. L. , Johnson D. A. , Mollov D. S. 
Published: June 2010

Virus-like disease symptoms consisting of foliar and veinal necrosis similar to those caused by Coleus vein necrosis virus (CVNV) (2) were observed in plants of coleus (Coleus blume Benth.) ‘Rustic Orange’ obtained from retail greenhouse outlets in Missouri and Minnesota. Flexuous, filamentous, 750 to 770 nm virus-like particles (vlps) were observed by transmission electron microscopy in negatively stained partially purified leaf tissue extracts from symptomatic ‘Rustic Orange’ leaf tissue. No other virus-like particles were observed and none were detected in extracts from asymptomatic leaves. These vlps were longer than those of CVNV (640 nm) (2) and were not detected by immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) using antibodies to CVNV (2). Degenerate potyvirus primers PNIbF1 (5′GGBAAYAATAGTGGNCAACC3′) and PCPR1 (5′GGGGAGGTGCCGTTCTCDATRCACCA3′) (1) and total RNA extracted from ‘Rustic Orange’ leaf tissue with a Qiagen RNeasy Kit were used for reverse transcription-PCR with Ready-To-Go RT-PCR Beads (GE Healthcare). A 950-bp amplicon was obtained from total RNA from diseased but not from healthy leaf tissue. The nucleotide sequence of the amplicon (GenBank Accession No. GQ268818) had levels of identity to published Tobacco etch virus (TEV) sequences comprising portions of the nuclear inclusion body (NIb) and coat protein (CP) gene regions ranging from 89% (L38714) to 93% (M15239, M11458). The identity of the virus occurring in ‘Rustic Orange’ was further confirmed by ISEM. Virions were trapped and decorated by antibodies to TEV (ATCC PVAS 32). Systemically infected leaf tissue from Datura stramonium in which the coleus TEV isolate was propagated was used to mechanically inoculate Carborundum-dusted leaves of virus-free test plants of ‘Rustic Orange’ (Park Seed, Greenwood, SC). Inoculated plants developed foliar necrosis symptoms similar to those observed originally, and the presence of TEV was confirmed by ISEM and RT-PCR and nucleotide sequence analysis as described above. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a disease of coleus caused by TEV. Many of approximately 30 ‘Rustic Orange’ plants in one nursery in Minnesota showed similar necrotic foliar symptoms and randomly selected plants tested positive for TEV by ISEM. This suggests that TEV infection in this variety may be spread by vegetative propagation from infected stock plants. References: (1) Y.-C. Hsu et al. J. Virol. Methods 128:54. 2005. (2) D. S. Mollov et al. Plant Dis. 91:754. 2007.
Modeling the effect of high dead‐space syringes on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic among injecting drug users
Authors: Bobashev Georgiy V. , Zule William A. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTAims  To illustrate the impact of different proportions of injecting drug users (IDUs) sharing high dead‐space syringes (HDSS) or low dead‐space syringes (LDSS) on the probability of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission; and thus the impact on injection‐related HIV prevalence and incidence.Design  A stochastic mathematical model was used to evaluate the impact of HDSS use in high‐ and low‐risk IDU populations. Model parameters were obtained from peer‐reviewed publications. Analytical solutions of a simplified deterministic model were obtained to explain the effect of HDSS on HIV endemic states.Findings  Simulation analysis shows that the HIV epidemic could be sustained even when a small percentage of sharing (10%) involved HDSS. The effect is much stronger in high‐risk compared with low‐risk populations. Steady state HIV prevalence increases with the proportion of HDSS, and for high‐ and low‐risk populations reaches around 80% and 20%, respectively. For low‐risk populations, the use of LDSS could result in the virtual elimination of HIV. These results are dependent upon an evidence‐supported assumption of a significant difference in HIV transmission risk associated with HDSS versus LDSS.Conclusions  Our models suggest that injection‐related HIV epidemics may not occur when most (e.g. 95% or more) IDUs use LDSS. While these results are based on indirect risk measures and a number of simplifying assumptions, the effect of blood retained in high dead‐space syringes on HIV prevalence seems to be very strong, even using relatively conservative assumptions. The findings have potential implications for needle exchange programs and the types of syringes produced and distributed world‐wide.
Alcohol use and non‐adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV‐infected patients in West Africa
Authors: Jaquet Antoine , Ekouevi Didier K. , Bashi Jules , Aboubakrine Maiga , Messou Eugène , Maiga Moussa , Traore Hamar Alassane , Zannou Marcel Djimon , Guehi Calixte , Ba‐Gomis Franck Olivier , Minga Albert , Allou Gérard , Eholie Serge Paul , Bissagnene Emmanuel , Sasco Annie J. , Dabis Francois 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTAim  To investigate the association between alcohol use and adherence to highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients in subSaharan Africa.Design and setting  Cross‐sectional survey conducted in eight adult HIV treatment centres from Benin, Côte d'Ivoire and Mali.Participants and measurements  During a 4‐week period, health workers administered the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test to HAART‐treated patients and assessed treatment adherence using the AIDS Clinical Trials Group follow‐up questionnaire.Findings  A total of 2920 patients were enrolled with a median age of 38 years [interquartile range (IQR) 32–45 years] and a median duration on HAART of 3 years (IQR 1–4 years). Overall, 91.8% of patients were identified as adherent to HAART. Non‐adherence was associated with current drinking [odds ratio (OR) 1.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–2.0], hazardous drinking (OR 4.7; 95% CI 2.6–8.6) and was associated inversely with a history of counselling on adherence (OR 0.7; 95% CI 0.5–0.9).Conclusions  Alcohol consumption and hazardous drinking is associated with non‐adherence to HAART among HIV‐infected patients from West Africa. Adult HIV care programmes should integrate programmes to reduce hazardous and harmful drinking.
Substance use and common child mental health problems: examining longitudinal associations in a British sample
Authors: Goodman Anna 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTAims  To examine the longitudinal associations in both directions between mental health and substance use in adolescence.Design  Three‐year longitudinal cohort.Setting  Britain (nationally representative sample).Participants  3607 youths aged 11–16 years at baseline.Measurements  Externalizing and internalizing mental health problems were measured using brief questionnaires (parent‐reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and diagnostic interviews, including clinician‐rated diagnoses of mental disorder. Substance use was measured by youth self‐report, and included regular smoking, frequent alcohol consumption, regular cannabis use and ever taking other illicit drugs.Findings  Externalizing (specifically behavioural) problems at baseline independently predicted all forms of substance use, with a particularly strong effect on smoking. In all cases this association showed a dose–response relationship. In contrast, although internalizing problems had a strong univariable association with smoking, this disappeared after adjusting for comorbid externalizing problems. There was little or no evidence that baseline substance use predicted mental health at follow‐up.Conclusions  Externalizing problems predict adolescent substance use, and adjusting for comorbid externalizing problems is vital when investigating the effects of internalizing problems. A dose–response effect of externalizing problems is seen across the full range. Programmes seeking to prevent adolescent substance use by reducing externalizing problems may therefore wish to consider population‐wide interventions rather than targeting individuals only at the negative extreme.
Individual, partner and relationship factors associated with non‐medical use of prescription drugs
Authors: Homish Gregory G. , Leonard Kenneth E. , Cornelius Jack R. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTAims  The objective of the current report was to examine individual, partner and relationship factors (e.g. relationship satisfaction) associated with the non‐medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) in a community sample of married adults.Design  The current report used two waves of data from an ongoing study of couples who were recruited at the time they applied for their marriage license and are now in the 10th year of follow‐up. Logistic regression models examined the relation between individual, partner and relationship factors and NMUPD.Participants  This report is based on 273 couples.Measurements  Participants completed questionnaires that assessed prescription drug use, alcohol use, other substance use, depression, marital satisfaction and socio‐demographic factors.Findings  Among wives, there was evidence that a partner's prescription drug use and relationship factors were associated with increased risk for NMUPD. There was some evidence suggesting that it was the increased access or availability, and not the partner's use per se, that was related to the NMUPD. These results persisted after controlling for other illicit drug use, heavy drinking, depressive symptomatology and socio‐demographic factors. Among men, neither partner use nor relationship factors were associated with NMUPD after considering the impact of individual‐level risk factors.Conclusion  Prevention and intervention efforts directed at reducing the risk for NMUPD should consider the influence of partner and relationship factors in addition to individual‐level risk factors.
Pre‐cessation nicotine replacement therapy: pragmatic randomized trial
Authors: Bullen Chris , Howe Colin , Lin Ruey‐Bin , Grigg Michele , Laugesen Murray , McRobbie Hayden , Glover Marewa , Walker Natalie , Wallace‐Bell Mark , Whittaker Robyn , Rodgers Anthony 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTAims  To determine the effectiveness of 2 weeks' pre‐cessation nicotine patches and/or gum on smoking abstinence at 6 months.Design  Pragmatic randomized controlled trial.Setting  New Zealand.Participants  Eleven hundred adult, dependent smokers who called the New Zealand Quitline between March 2006 and May 2007 for support to stop smoking were randomized to 2 weeks of nicotine patches and/or gum prior to their target quit day followed by usual care (8 weeks of patches and/or gum plus support calls from a Quitline adviser), or to usual care alone.Measurements  The primary outcome was self‐reported 7‐day point prevalence smoking abstinence 6 months after quit day. Secondary outcomes included continuous abstinence, cotinine‐verified abstinence, daily cigarette consumption, withdrawal symptoms and adverse events.Findings  Six months after quit day 125 (22.7%) participants in the pre‐cessation group and 116 (21.0%) in the control group reported 7‐day point prevalence abstinence (relative risk 1.08 95% CI: 0.86, 1.35, P = 0.4, risk difference 1.7%, 95% CI: −3.2%, 6.6%). However, when pooled in a meta‐analysis with other pre‐cessation trials a moderate benefit of about a one‐quarter increase in cessation rates was evident. There was no difference in adverse events between groups.Conclusions  In this, the largest pre‐cessation NRT trial to date, using NRT 2 weeks before the target quit day was safe and well tolerated but offered no benefit over usual care. However, in conjunction with previous pre‐cessation trials there appears to be a moderate benefit, but not as large as that seen in most smaller trials.
Building resilience in a children's home: results from an action research project
Authors: Houston Stan 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on the findings of an action research project aimed at building resilience in young people in a residential children's home. Daniel and Wassell's six domains for promoting resilience in young people were adopted as a conceptual framework to guide the residential social workers as they engaged in successive cycles of reflection and action. Two core areas were explored: (a) the approaches deemed to be helpful in building resilience; and (b) the background factors that enabled and constrained the social workers' interventions. The findings showed that the participants acted creatively to use resources and tools both within the system of State‐mandated parenting and the informal, meaning‐oriented world of the young people.
Molecular and immunological characterization of Can f 4: a dog dander allergen cross‐reactive with a 23 kDa odorant‐binding protein in cow dander
Authors: Mattsson L. , Lundgren T. , Olsson P. , Sundberg M. , Lidholm J. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryBackground
Dog dander is an important cause of respiratory allergy but its content of allergenic components is still incompletely known. While Can f 1, 2, 3 and 5 have been studied in detail, only fragmentary information is available on the lipocalin Can f 4.Objective
To purify, clone and characterize dog dander allergen Can f 4.Methods
Can f 4 was purified from dog dander extract by size exclusion, ion exchange and reverse phase chromatography. A cDNA encoding Can f 4 was cloned and used to produce recombinant Can f 4 in Escherichia coli. A 23 kDa protein from cow dander, displaying cross‐reactivity with Can f 4, was purified and identified by amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry. IgE antibody binding to dog and cow dander extract and to individual dog allergens among 37 dog allergic subjects and 44 pollen allergic controls was studied using ImmunoCAP.Results
A dog genome segment containing the Can f 4 gene was bioinformatically identified and enabled the cloning of Can f 4 cDNA. Recombinant Can f 4 displayed close immunological and biochemical similarity to purified natural Can f 4 and bound IgE antibodies from 13/37 (35%) sera of dog allergic subjects. Can f 4 reactive sera showed IgE binding to a 23 kDa protein present in cow dander extract, related to a family of odorant‐binding proteins. The dog and cow proteins shared 37% sequence identity and their cross‐reactivity was demonstrated by IgE inhibition experiments.Conclusion
Recombinant Can f 4 brings the panel of available dog allergens closer to completion and will be important in component‐resolved diagnostics in allergy to animal epithelial allergens. Cite this as: L. Mattsson, T. Lundgren, P. Olsson, M. Sundberg and J. Lidholm, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1276–1287.
Narrowband ultraviolet B versus psoralen plus ultraviolet A therapy for severe plaque psoriasis: an Indian perspective
Authors: Chauhan P. S. , Kaur I. , Dogra S. , De D. , Kanwar A. J. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThere is a dearth of studies comparing the efficacy of psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) and narrowband (NB)-UVB in psoriasis in South Asian patients. Patients having plaque psoriasis with &gt; 20% body surface area involvement were randomly assigned to one of two groups (group A: NB-UVB, group B: PUVA). The response to treatment was assessed by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) at baseline and every 2 weeks thereafter. The maximum possible treatment duration was 16 weeks. In total, 43 patients (21 NB-UVB, 22 PUVA) completed the study. Marked improvement was seen in 80.9% of the patients in group A and 81.8% in group B (NS: P &gt; 0.05). The mean ± SD time taken to achieve marked improvement was 9.9 ± 3.3 and 9.9 ± 3.5 weeks, respectively. In total, 29 patients were available for the analysis of the remission data at 6 months after treatment completion; 26.7% of the patients in group A and 42.8% in group B were in remission (NS: P &gt; 0.05). Both methods seem to be equally effective in achieving clearance and maintaining remission of severe chronic plaque psoriasis in patients with Fitzpatrick skin type 4 and 5.