bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“A GEM” for increasing the effectiveness of diversity training
Authors: Cocchiara Faye K. , Connerley Mary L. , Bell Myrtle P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractQuestions about diversity training's utility and effectiveness remain despite its widespread use and the significant investments many firms make in such training. As a result, some HR practitioners have doubts about its relevance in the workplace. In this paper, we envision a future state of diversity training whereby diversity is embedded into work practices and programs through direct knowledge transfer, continuous skill development, and accountability for learning. We recommend four specific guidelines that HR leaders can follow to achieve this “future state” called A.G.E.M.—Approach, Goals, Executive Commitment, and Mandatory Attendance. We suggest that following the A.G.E.M. approach will lead to the kind of transformative behavioral changes required for effective diversity training programs.
Does structuring of human resource management processes enhance employee creativity? The mediating role of psychological availability
Authors: Binyamin Galy , Carmeli Abraham 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this study, we develop a theoretical conceptualization and an operational definition of structuring of human resource management (HRM) processes and examine how this structuring enables employee creativity at work. Analyzing the data collected from employees and their managers in knowledge‐intensive workplace settings, we examine a mediation model that suggests that the relationship between structuring of HRM processes and employee creativity is best explained in terms of the intervening variables of perceived uncertainty, stress, and psychological availability. Results suggest that structuring of HRM processes is negatively associated with perceived uncertainty and stress. These perceptions produce a sense of psychological availability, which in turn enhances employee creativity. This study offers new insights about diagnosing the level of structuring of HRM processes and the ways managers and HR directors facilitate its implementation in their organization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An identification‐robust test for time‐varying parameters in the dynamics of energy prices
Authors: Bernard Jean‐Thomas , Dufour Jean‐Marie , Khalaf Lynda , Kichian Maral 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYWe test for the presence of time‐varying parameters (TVP) in the long‐run dynamics of energy prices for oil, natural gas and coal, within a standard class of mean‐reverting models. We also propose residual‐based diagnostic tests and examine out‐of‐sample forecasts. In‐sample LR tests support the TVP model for coal and gas but not for oil, though companion diagnostics suggest that the model is too restrictive to conclusively fit the data. Out‐of‐sample analysis suggests a random‐walk specification for oil price, and TVP models for both real‐time forecasting in the case of gas and long‐run forecasting in the case of coal. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Term structure surprises: the predictive content of curvature, level, and slope
Authors: Moench Emanuel 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYThis paper analyzes the predictive content of the term structure components level, slope, and curvature within a dynamic factor model of macroeconomic and interest rate data. Surprise changes of the three components are identified using sign restrictions, and their macroeconomic underpinnings are studied via impulse response analysis. The curvature factor is found to carry predictive information both about the future evolution of the yield curve and the macroeconomy. In particular, unexpected increases of the curvature factor precede a flattening of the yield curve and announce a significant decline of output more than 1 year ahead. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐polarization optical coherence tomography for early bladder‐cancer detection: statistical study
Authors: Gladkova Natalia , Streltsova Olga , Zagaynova Elena , Kiseleva Elena , Gelikonov Valentin , Gelikonov Grigory , Karabut Maria , Yunusova Katerina , Evdokimova Olga 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe capabilities of cross‐polarization optical coherence tomography (CP OCT) for early bladder‐cancer detection are assessed in statistical study and compared with the traditional OCT. Unlike the traditional OCT that demonstrates images only in copolarization, CP OCT acquires images in cross‐polarization and copolarization simultaneously. 116 patients with localized flat suspicious lesions in the bladder were enrolled, 360 CP OCT images were obtained and analyzed. CP OCT demonstrated sensitivity 93.7% (vs. 81.2%, <0.0001), specificity 84% (vs. 70.0%, <0.001) and accuracy 85.3% (vs. 71.5%, <0.001) in detecting flat malignant bladder lesions, which is significantly better than with the traditional OCT. Higher diagnostic efficacy of CP OCT in detecting early bladder cancer is associated with the ability to detect changes in epithelium and connective tissues (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multi‐dimensional fluorescence microscopy of living cells
Authors: Schneckenburger Herbert , Wagner Michael , Weber Petra , Bruns Thomas , Richter Verena , Strauss Wolfgang S. L. , Wittig Rainer 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn overview on fluorescence microscopy with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution is given. In addition to 3D microscopy based on confocal, structured or single plane illumination, spectral imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) are used to probe the interaction of a fluorescent molecule with its micro‐environment. Variable‐angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) permits selective measurements of cell membranes or cell‐substrate topology in the nanometre scale and is also combined with spectral or time‐resolved detection. In addition to single cells or cell monolayers, 3‐dimensional cell cultures are of increasing importance, since they are more similar to tissue morphology and function. All methods reported are adapted to low dose of illumination, which is regarded as a key parameter to maintain cell viability. Applications include cancer diagnosis and cell tomography under different physiological conditions. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microstructure, microhardness, and biocompatibility characteristics of yttrium hydroxyapatite doped with fluoride
Authors: Toker S. M. , Tezcaner A. , Evis Z. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe current study focused on doping of hydroxyapatite (HA) with constant yttrium (Y3+) and varying fluoride (F−) compositions to investigate its microstructure, microhardness, and biocompatibility. HA was synthesized by precipitation method and sintered at 1100°C for 1 h. Y3+ and F− ion dopings resulted in changes in densities. In x‐ray diffraction analysis, no secondary phase formation was observed. Lattice parameters decreased upon ion substitutions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that ion addition resulted in smaller grains. In Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, F− ion substitution was confirmed. HA doped with 2.5% Y3+ and 1% F− exhibited the highest microhardness. Y3+ and F− ions improved Saos‐2 cell proliferation on discs in Methylthiazolyldiphenyl‐tetrazolium (MTT) assay. In SEM analysis, cells attached and proliferated on all disc surfaces. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay showed that cell differentiation on the discs was improved by doping HA with an optimum F− amount. Dissolution tests revealed that structural stability of HA was improved with F− ion incorporation. The dissolution behavior of fluoridated samples exhibited a parallel pattern with the cell proliferation and differentiation behavior on these samples. Overall, this work shows that fluoride and yttrium cosubstitution into HA HA2.5Y1F was the most promising material for biomedical applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Increased survival of free fat grafts and vascularization in rats with local delivery of fragmin/protamine microparticles containing FGF‐2 (F/P MP‐F)
Authors: Nakamura Shinichiro , Ishihara Masayuki , Takikawa Megumi , Murakami Kaoru , Kishimoto Satoko , Nakamura Shingo , Yanagibayashi Satoshi , Mori Yasutaka , Fujita Masanori , Kubo Satoshi , Yamamoto Naoto , Kiyosawa Tomoharu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of fragmin/protamine micro‐particles (F/P MPs) containing FGF‐2 (F/P MP‐F) as carriers for the controlled release of FGF‐2 for adipocyte‐survival and capillary formation in inbred rats with subdivided free fat grafts. F/P MPs could immobilize FGF‐2, thereafter gradually releasing the bound FGF‐2. Inbred Fisher 344 rats weighing around 150 g were anesthetized and implanted with paste comprising harvested fat combined with F/P MP‐F. The effect of F/P MP‐F on the survival, granulation, and capillary formation in fat grafts was histologically compared with control grafts containing either FGF‐2, F/P MPs or PBS. The control fat grafts became attached to tissues adjacent to the implantation site and were significantly resorbed after 30 days. In contrast, pink, soft, supple grafts were compressible and were little resorbed in the group given F/P FP MP‐F at 30–120 days. Normal adipocytes were obviously decreased in the control groups with increased granulation tissues, whereas normal adipocytes with capillary formations were maintained in the F/P MP‐F group. Thus, adding F/P MP‐F to subdivided fat grafts helps to improve graft volume retention and survival in soft‐tissue reconstruction through accelerating adipocyte‐survival rates and angiogenesis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Delayed postoperative opacification of foldable hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses
Authors: Huang Yusen , Xie Lixin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPhacoemulsification and implantation of a foldable intraocular lens for cataract is almost a routine procedure in ophthalmic practice. Late postoperative opacification of hydrophilic acrylic (hydrogel) intraocular lenses (IOLs) has been reported, but the appearance differs from our findings. We report clinical, pathologic, ultrastructural, and spectroscopic analyses of foldable hydrogel IOLs undergoing late opacification resulting in visual disturbances. This retrospective study comprised 486 patients (550 eyes) who had implantation of a foldable hydrogel posterior IOL. Three cases (three eyes) had been found to have opacification of the IOLs. The three lenses were exchanged because of significant visual disturbances, and were examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Incisional biopsies of the capsular membrane in contact with the opacified IOL were performed in one patient. The mean interval between implantation of the hydrogel IOLs and the diagnosis of opacification was 35.3 months (range, 34–36 months). All three of the cases had quiet anterior chamber. No obvious posterior capsular opacification were found. The best corrected visual acuity of the three cases who had exchanged IOLs were all 20/25 or better. Microscopic analysis revealed multiple, fine, granular structures both on the surface and matrix of the opacified IOLs. EDX analysis showed the presence of calcium and phosphorous were within the granular structures. Histological examination of capsular membrane did not reveal any evidence of calcium salts or special pathological exchanges. Further studies should be undertaken to determine the incidence and possible mechanisms of this phenomenon. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Cross‐linked demineralized dentin maintains its mechanical stability when challenged by bacterial collagenase
Authors: Xu Changqi , Wang Yong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe molecular structure, weight loss, and mechanical properties of demineralized dentin of noncrosslinked/crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GA) were investigated when being challenged by bacterial collagenase solution over time in this study. Raman spectra proved that crosslinking occurred in demineralized dentin matrices after being treated with GA. Meanwhile, the weight of the cross‐linked demineralized dentin matrices did not change after being challenged by bacterial collagenase solution up to 1 week. However, the weight of noncross‐linked dentin collagen fell by almost 45% after degradation for 5 h, and up to 100% after 19 h. The tensile strength of demineralized dentin matrices did not show a significant change after being crosslinked, while the stiffness of demineralized dentin matrices showed more improvement than that of noncross‐linked collagen. The toughness of demineralized dentin matrices decreased slightly after being crosslinked. Importantly, neither the tensile strength of GA‐cross‐linked demineralized dentin nor its stiffness changed over time in either control buffer or collagenase solution compared with that of noncross‐linked controls. These results suggested that improving the degree of crosslinking in dentin collagen could be one method to inhibit its biodegradation and further to increase the durability of dental restorations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
(Ti, O)/Ti and (Ti, O, N)/Ti composite coatings fabricated via PIIID for the medical application of NiTi shape memory alloy
Authors: Sun Tao , Wang Lang‐Ping , Wang Min 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this investigation, the plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) technique was used to fabricate (Ti, O)/Ti or (Ti, O, N)/Ti coatings on a NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA, 50.8 at.% Ni) to improve its corrosion, wear resistance, and bioactivity. After coating fabrication, the structure and properties of composite coatings were studied, and the coated and uncoated NiTi SMA samples were compared with each other. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of coating surfaces and cross‐sections showed that (Ti, O)/Ti and (Ti, O, N)/Ti composite coatings were dense and uniform, having thickness values of 1.16 ± 0.08 μm and 0.95 ± 0.06 μm, respectively. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that there were no diffraction peaks corresponding to TiO2 or TiN for (Ti, O)/Ti and (Ti, O, N)/Ti composite coatings, suggesting that after the PIIID treatment, TiO2 and TiN were amorphous or nanosized in the coatings. Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis indicated that the interface between the coating and NiTi SMA substrate was gradual rather than sharp. In addition, EDX elemental mapping of coating cross‐sections showed that Ni was depleted from the surface. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves revealed that the shape memory ability of NiTi SMA was not degraded by the PIIID treatment. The width of wear tracks on (Ti, O, N)/Ti coated NiTi SMA samples was reduced 6.5‐fold, in comparison with that on uncoated samples. The corrosion potential (Ecorr) was improved from −466.20 ± 37.82 mV for uncoated samples to 125.50 ± 21.49 mV and −185.40 ± 37.05 mV for (Ti, O)/Ti coated and (Ti, O, N)/Ti coated samples, respectively. Both types of coatings facilitated bone‐like apatite formation on the surface of NiTi SMA in simulated body fluid (SBF), indicating their in vitro bioactivity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Examining rhodopsin retention in endoplasmic reticulum and intracellular localization in vitro and in vivo by using truncated rhodopsin fragments
Authors: Chen Yuh‐Fang , Wang I‐Jong , Lin Luke L.K. , Chen Muh‐Shy 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMore than 100 mutations of rhodopsin have been identified to be associated with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and mostly autosomal‐dominant RP (ADRP). The majority of rhodopsin‐associated ADRP is caused by protein misfolding and ER retention. In this study, we aimed to evaluate rhodopsin folding, exiting the ER and intracellular localization through expression of the rhodopsin fragments in COS‐1 cells as well as in the transgenic zebrafish. We cloned human rhodopsin cDNA, which was then divided into the N‐terminal domain, the C‐terminal domain, and the fragment between the N‐ and C‐terminal domains, and examine their intracellular expression in vitro and in vivo. We introduced a point mutation, either F45L or G51V, into this fragment and observed the intracellular localization of these mutants in COS‐1 cells and in the zebrafish. The results revealed all of the truncated rhodopsin fragments except for the C‐terminal domain and the full‐length rhodopsin which had some plasma membrane localization, formed aggregates nearby or within the ER in COS‐1 cells; however, the N‐terminally truncated rhodopsin fragment, the C‐terminal domain, and the full‐length rhodopsin could traffic to the ROS in the zebrafish. Besides, the F45L mutation and the G51Vmutation in the rhodopsin fragment between the N‐ and C‐terminal domains produced different effects on the aggresome formation and the intracellular distribution of the mutants both in vivo and in vitro. This current study provides new information about the mutant rhodopsin as well as in treatment of the RP in humans in the future. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 520–530, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear translocation of calpain‐2 regulates propensity toward apoptosis in cardiomyocytes of tail‐suspended rats
Authors: Chang Hui , Zhang Lin , Xu Peng‐Tao , Li Quan , Sheng Juan‐Juan , Wang Yun‐Ying , Chen Yan , Zhang Lan‐Ning , Yu Zhi‐Bin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe compensatory increase in catecholamine release does not reverse orthostatic intolerance after returning from a long‐term spaceflight, but it is unclear whether high dose of catecholamine induces cardiac damage. The tail‐suspended rat model was used to simulate the effects of weightlessness on the heart. Apoptotic rates in the left ventricular myocardium did not increase in 4‐week of tail‐suspended rats compared with the synchronous control. On the contrary, isoproterenol (intraperitoneal injection) and 1‐day recovery from the 4‐week tail‐suspension increased apoptotic rates in the myocardium. Propranolol and PD150606 inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the recovery group. PD150606 and calpain‐2 knockdown also blocked isoproterenol‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in tail‐suspended rats. The activity and nuclear translocation of calpain‐2 increased, but the expression of calpain‐1, calpain‐2, and calpastatin was unchanged in the myocardium of tail‐suspended rats. The Ser‐16‐phosphorylated phospholamban of the nuclear envelope was higher in tail‐suspended rats than in the control rats under isoproterenol stimulation. Isoproterenol treatment also induced a large intranuclear Ca2+ transient of cardiomyocytes in tail‐suspended rats. These results suggest that high‐dose isoproterenol phosphorylates phospholamban of the nuclear envelope and increases intranuclear Ca2+ transient. Larger intranuclear Ca2+ further activates nuclear calpain‐2 and hence induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 571–580, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein promotes osteoblast differentiation in primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells by up‐regulating Osterix expression in an Msx2‐dependent manner
Authors: Taylor Jesse , Butcher Martin , Zeadin Melec , Politano Amanda , Shaughnessy Stephen G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe have previously shown that oxidized low‐density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) act synergistically with β‐glycerophosphate to induce the osteogenic differentiation of primary bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (BASMCs). In the present study, we attempt to resolve the mechanism responsible for this effect by examining the expression of several osteoblast‐specific transcription factors. Thus, by culturing BASMCs in the absence or presence of β‐glycerophosphate and/or oxLDL, we demonstrate that β‐glycerophosphate induces both Runx2 and Osterix (Osx) expression. In contrast, oxLDL has no effect on Runx2 expression but rather it enhances β‐glycerophosphate‐induced osteoblast differentiation by further up‐regulating Osx expression. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism responsible for this latter effect, we examined the ability of oxLDL to affect Msh homeobox 2 (Msx2) expression. Similar to its effect on Osx expression, oxLDL was found to synergistically enhance β‐glycerophosphate‐induced Msx2 expression in an extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2 (Erk 1 and 2)‐dependent manner. Furthermore, oxLDL's ability to enhance both β‐glycerophosphate‐induced Osx expression and alkaline phosphatase activity was prevented when the BASMCs were first transfected with Msx2‐specific siRNA. Taken together, these findings suggest a plausible mechanism by which oxLDL may promote osteoblast differentiation and vascular calcification in vivo. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 581–588, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cigarette smoke extract regulates cytosolic phospholipase A2expression via NADPH oxidase/MAPKs/AP‐1 and p300 in human tracheal smooth muscle cells
Authors: Cheng Shin‐Ei , Lin Chih‐Chung , Lee I‐Ta , Hsu Chih‐Kai , Kou Yu Ru , Yang Chuen‐Mao 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUp‐regulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2(cPLA2) by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) may play a critical role in airway inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying CSE‐induced cPLA2expression in human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs) were not completely understood. Here, we demonstrated that CSE‐induced cPLA2protein and mRNA expression was inhibited by pretreatment with the inhibitors of AP‐1 (tanshinone IIA) and p300 (garcinol) or transfection with siRNAs of c‐Jun, c‐Fos, and p300. Moreover, CSE also induced c‐Jun and c‐Fos expression, which were inhibited by pretreatment with the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase (diphenyleneiodonium chloride and apocynin) and the ROS scavenger (N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine) or transfection with siRNAs of p47phoxand NADPH oxidase (NOX)2. CSE‐induced c‐Fos expression was inhibited by pretreatment with the inhibitors of MEK1 (U0126) and p38 MAPK (SB202190) or transfection with siRNAs of p42 and p38. CSE‐induced c‐Jun expression and phosphorylation were inhibited by pretreatment with the inhibitor of JNK1/2 (SP600125) or transfection with JNK2 siRNA. CSE‐stimulated p300 phosphorylation was inhibited by pretreatment with the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase and JNK1/2. Furthermore, CSE‐induced p300 and c‐Jun complex formation was inhibited by pretreatment with diphenyleneiodonium chloride, apocynin, N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine or SP600125. These results demonstrated that CSE‐induced cPLA2expression was mediated through NOX2‐dependent p42/p44 MAPK and p38 MAPK/c‐Fos and JNK1/2/c‐Jun/p300 pathways in HTSMCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 589–599, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.