bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3‐Aroylmethyl derivatives of 2(1H)quinoxalinone and 2H‐l,4‐benzoxazin‐2‐ones existing in the enamine form
Authors: Iwanami Yasuo , Inagaki Takeshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSeventeen derivatives of 2(1H)quinoxalinone and 2H‐l,4‐benzoxazin‐2‐one have been synthesized for structural study. All of the compounds having a substituted phenacyl, isonicotinoylmethyl, or 2‐furoylmethyl side chain are shown to exist in the enamine form with an internal chelation both in the crystalline and solution states as evidenced by the ir and pmr spectra, respectively. In the gas phase, however, o‐hydroxyphenacyl derivatives can exist in another type of intramolecularly hydrogen‐bonded form which is supported by their mass spectra.
NMR spectroscopy in distinguishing between 3‐piperidyl‐ and 2‐pyrrolidylmethyl alcohols, amines, esters, and amides
Authors: Cannon Joseph G. , Milne Larry D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNmr analysis was found to be superior to an older ir technique for assigning structures in a study involving ring contraction‐expansion of 3‐hydroxypiperidine ⇌ 2‐hydroxymethylpyrrolidine systems and their ester derivatives. Nmr was not useful in studies of 3‐aminopiperidines and 2‐aminomethylpyrrolidines, but it could be applied to certain of their N‐acyl derivatives. The nmr method was used to determine that esterification reactions of 1‐methyl‐3‐(p‐toluenesulfonyl)‐piperidine and the sodium or potassium salts of some highly substituted carboxylic acids gave the ring‐contracted pyrrolidine esters. In contrast, 1‐methyl‐3‐aminopiperidine formed an amide with benzilic acid in which the piperidine ring remained unchanged. Aminolysis of methyl benzilate with 1‐methyl‐3‐aminopiperidine resulted in a novel decarbonylation of the ester and isolation of benzophenone and l‐methyl‐3‐formylamidopiperidine.
Synthesis of certain metabolites and analogs of vitamin B6 and their ring‐chain tautomerism
Authors: Paul B. , Korytnyk W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPyridoxol and pyridoxal on benzylation with dimethylphenylbenzylammonium hydroxide (“leucotrope”) gave 3‐O‐benzylpyridoxol (IV) and 3‐O‐benzylpyridoxal (V), respectively. As a possible mechanism of this reaction an ion pair intermediate has been postulated. Oxidation of IV and V with chromic oxide‐pyridine‐acetic acid complex gave 3‐O‐benzyl‐4‐pyridoxic acid lactone (VI), which could also be obtained by benzylation of 4‐pyridoxic acid. Treatment of VI with dimethylamine gave 2‐methyl‐3‐benzyloxy‐5‐hydroxymethylpyridine‐4‐N,N‐dimethylcarbox‐amide (X) which oxidized to form the 5‐formyl derivative (XI). The latter on hydrolysis yielded the metabolite, 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐formylpyridine‐4‐carboxylic acid (I). When reacted with liquid ammonia, VI gave 3‐O‐benzyl‐4‐pyridoxamide (VII) which was then oxidized to give 2‐methyl‐3‐benzyloxypyridine‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid cyclicimide(IX). Acid hydrolysis of IX gave another metabolite, 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxypyridine‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid (XIII), which could also be obtained by oxidizing XI with potassium permanganate in water to yield 2‐methyl‐3‐benzyloxy‐5‐carboxypyridine‐4‐N,N‐dimethylcarboxamide (XII) and subsequent hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid. A positional isomer of I, 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxy‐4‐formylpyridine‐5‐carboxylic acid (XVII) was synthesized starting from 3‐O‐benzyl‐5‐pyridoxic acid lactone (XIV) following similar reaction sequences used for the preparation of I. Ring‐chain tautomerism has been studied in I, XVII, opianic acid (XVIII), phthalaldehydic acid (XIX) and (2‐carboxy‐4,5‐dimethoxy)‐phenylacetaldehyde (XX) in different solvents by nmr and in the solid state by ir spectroscopy. A direct and reliable differentiation between the open form (aldehyde proton in low field) and the ring form (lactol proton in the intermediate field) has been obtained by nmr spectroscopy. In sodium deuteroxide and pyridine‐d5 the open chain form existed exclusively (except for homolog (XX) which is in cyclic form in pyridine‐d5), whereas in 18% hydrogen chloride in deuterium oxide all the compounds are completely in the cyclic form. In hexafluoroacetone hydrate‐d2, XVIII, XIX, and XX exist in the cyclic form whereas I is in the open form. In DMS0‐d6 both cyclic and open‐chain forms have been observed in XVIII, XIX and XX. Definite peak assignment for the two forms could not be made in I due to broadening or superimposition with C6‐H. The metabolite I, isometabolite (XVII) and opianic acid (XVIII) form cyclic acetyl derivatives which give a sharp lactol peak. In the solid state XVIII, XIX are in the cyclic form and I and XX in the open‐chain form as observed by ir spectroscopy.
Mass spectral fragmentation pattern of 4,4′‐bipyridyls. Part I. 4,4′‐bipyridyl
Authors: Keats N. G. , Summers L. A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe mass spectral fragmentation pattern of 4,4′‐bipyridyl is described. The fragmentation proposals which differ from those previously reported are supported by high resolution mass measurements and metastable transitions.
Reactions of 2‐aminopyridine with picryl halides
Authors: Harris Betty W. , Coburn Michael D. , Papadopoulos E. P. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract2‐Aminopyridine reacts with picryl halides to give mixtures of 1‐picryl‐2‐(N‐picrylimino)‐1,2‐dihydropyridine and 2‐(N‐picrylamino)pyridine. When picryl fluoride is treated with an excess of 2‐aminopyridine, the 1‐picryl‐2‐(N‐picrylimino)‐1,2‐dihydropyridine reacts further with 2‐aminopyridine to yield two molecules of 2‐(N‐picrylamino)pyridine in a reaction catalyzed by the by‐product, hydrogen fluoride. In contrast, the compositions of the mixtures obtained from the reactions of picryl chloride and picryl bromide with excess 2‐aminopyridine are stable in their reaction media.
A new fused tetrazole ring system: Tetrazolo [1,5‐b] isoquinoline
Authors: Hajós G. Y. , Messmer A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTetrazolo[1,5‐α]isoquinoline (5b), the linear benzologue of tetrazolopyridine, has been prepared. In contrast to the angular isomers (1b and 2) the linear system exists in solution predominantly in the tautomeric azido‐form (5a) and even in the crystalline state contains a certain amount of 3‐azidoisoquinoline (5a). The tautomeric equilibrium in solution was studied by nmr spectroscopy.
The absolute configuration of 3‐phenylpyrrolidine
Authors: Bettoni Giancarlo , Cellucci Carlo , Tortorella Vincenzo 
Published: April 2009

Abstract(+)‐3‐Phenylpyrrolidine and (+)‐phenylsuccinic acid have been chemically correlated through (‐)‐N‐benzyl‐3‐phenylpyrrolidine. All these compounds have an S absolute configuration.
[1,3,5]Triazino[1,2‐a] azepines: A new ring system
Authors: Bigg D. C. H. , Purvis S. R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe reaction of 2‐pyrrolidino‐1‐aza‐1‐cycloheptene with aryl isocyanates leads, via 1,4‐dipolar cycloaddition, to 1,3‐diaryl‐10a‐pyrrolidinoperhydro[1,3,5]triazino[1,2‐a]azepine‐2,4‐diones. The reaction provides a facile route to the novel [1,3,5]triazino[1,2‐a]azepine ring system.
Photochemistry of 2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐pyrone in trifluoroethanol
Authors: Keil Elinor B. , Pavlik James W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPhotolysis of 2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐pyrone (1) in trifluoroethanol gave, in addition to the previously observed dimer 2, three volatile primary photoproducts 3, 4, and 5. Continued irradiation led to the disappearance of the three volatile products with formation of 6. This secondary photo‐product was shown to arise from 3 and 4 while 5 was converted to non‐volatile products.The formation of 3, 4, and 5 can be viewed as arising from an oxybicyclohexenyl zwitterion formed by electrocyclic ring closure of 1. This zwitterion can thus be trapped by solvent to yield 3 and 4 or rearrange to 5 via and epoxycyclopentenone intermediate. The conversion of 3 and 4 to 6 is explained in terms of a Norrish type II process.
Reactivity of methyl (3,6‐dichloropyridazin‐4‐yl)acetate towards nucleophiles
Authors: Adembri G. , De Sio F. , Nesi R. , Scotton M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMethyl (3,6‐dichloropyridazin‐4‐yl)acetate (II), prepared from methyl (3,6‐dihydroxypyrid‐azin‐4‐yl)aeetate (1) by chlurination with phosphorus oxychloride, was used for studies of nucleo‐philic displacement reactions and it has been found that only the chlorine atom at position 6 was displaced with hydrazine. With diluted hydrochloric acid both chlorine atoms were displaced with the 6‐oxo isomer predominating. By turning the aromatic ring of pyridazine into an o‐quinoid system, the chlorine atom at position 3 became mobile. Cyelization of (6‐hydrazino‐s‐triazolo‐[4,3‐b ]pyridazin‐7‐yl)acetic acid hydrazide (XIX) gave 6‐aminopyrrolo[3,2‐e ]s‐triazlo[ 4,3‐b ]‐pyridazm‐7(8H)one (XXI).
Synthèses d'indoles par cyclisation réductrice. II Nouvelle mélhode de synthèse des indole carboxamides‐3, donnant accés aux dérivés de la gramine
Authors: Germain Claude , Bourdais Jacques 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLes auteurs déerivent une nouvelle méthode de synthèse des indole carboxamides‐3, en deux étapes à partir des haloèno‐2 nitrohenzénes. Ces derniers, par réaction avec les dérivés sodés de cyanoacétamides, dans le N,N‐diméthylformamide, donnent les (nitro‐2 phényl)‐2 cyanoacéta‐mides, dont l'hydrogènation eatalytique, à 80°, conduit directement aux indole carboxamides‐3. Ces amides peuvent ětre réduits par 1′aluminohyrlrure de lithium en aminométhyl‐3 indoles (gramine et dérivés), dont on présente ainsi une nouvelle voie d'accès.
1‐Phenyl‐3,3,4‐trialkyl‐1,2,4‐triazolidin‐5‐ones via cyeloisomerization of ketone 4‐alkyl‐2‐phenylsemicarbazones
Authors: Pilgram Kurt , Skiles Richard D. , Pollard Glenn E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAcetone 2‐phenylsemicarbazone undergoes reversible cyclotautomerization to 3,3‐dimethyl‐l‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolidin‐5‐one in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Ketone 4‐alkyl‐2‐phenylsemicarbazones derived from aliphatic and alicyclic ketones also undergo cyeloisomerization in the presence of catalytic amounts of hydrochloric acid to the ring‐tautomeric 1‐phenyl‐3,3,4‐trialkyl‐1,2,4‐triazolidin‐5‐ones; the presence of a tertiary butyl group in the 4‐position retarded cyclization. Unlike most 4‐alkyl‐2‐phenylsemicarbazones benzaldehyde 2‐phenylsemi‐carbazones do not cyclize. Infrared and nmr data supporting the structural assignments are discussed.
Perhalogenated thiazoles. Their synthesis, reactions and mass spectra
Authors: Herkes F. E. , Bazer T. A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of six new mixed perhalogenaled thiazoles ane reported. Three of these contain a 2‐fluoro substituent one of which includes the novel 5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐2‐fluorothiazole. The mass spectral fragmentation pattern of the perhalogenated thiazoles was used to elucidate the orientation of the halogen suhstituents. A novel halogen migration from carbon to nitrogen in the mass spectrum was observed for several of the perhalogenated thiazoles. Nucleophilie displacement of fluoride ion in 4,5‐diehloro‐2‐flurothiazile (7) by cyano, hydroxyl and methoxyl unions and by diclhyl amine produced the respective 2‐substituted dichlorothiazoles. The ease of electrophilic substitution on carbon in the polyhalogenated thiazoles was observed to be 2 > > 5 > 4. Sulfur tetrafluoride fluorinalion of 2‐earboxy‐4,5‐dichlorothiazole, formed by lilhiation and eurbonation of tricblorolhiazole, yielded 4,5‐dicbloro‐2‐trifluoromethylthiazole.
The synthesis of syn‐ and anti‐11‐hydroxy‐12‐methyl‐10,11‐dihydro‐5,10‐imino[5H] dibenzo[a,d] cycloheptene
Authors: Dygos John H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of anli‐11 ‐hydroxy‐l 2‐methyl‐10,l 1 ‐dihydro‐5,10‐imino[5H]dibenzo[a,d]cyclo‐heptene (3) is reported. The assigned structure of 3, was confirmed by comparison of the infrared and nmr spectra of 3 with that of the syn‐1 1 ‐hydroxy derivative, 8, prepared from 3 via a series of transformations. Key features in the synthesis include cyclization of an unsaturated amine to an azatetracyclic halide and solvolysis via an aziridinium ion to give 3.
Ein alternatives Verfahren zur Abscheidung von dünnen modifizierten Diamantschichten
Authors: Schubnov Alexej , Vollertsen Frank 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMit dem LaPlas‐Verfahren lassen sich, alternativ zu den konventionellen vakuumbasierten CVD‐Verfahren, hochwertige dünne polykristalline Diamantschichten abscheiden. Das Verfahren arbeitet ohne Prozesskammer bei Atmosphärendruck und ist daher für eine lokale Beschichtung auch großer, sperriger Bauteile geeignet. Beschichtbar sind unterschiedliche Werkstoffe (z.B. Mo), insbesondere Hartstoffe (z.B.WC‐Co, Si3N4).Basierend auf der Beimischung von Stickstoff in das Prozessgasgemisch wurden Schichten mit modifizierten Eigenschaften abgeschieden. Die Schichten besitzen eine niedrigere Reibzahl gegen Al2O3 als eine unter Standardbedingungen erzeugte polykristalline Diamantschicht und verschleißen den Gegenkröper um 50% weniger. Diese Eigenschaften können sehr interessant für den Verschleißschutz sein, insbesondere wenn kein Verschleiß beider Reibpartner erwünscht ist. Damit sind diese Schichten für Gleitpaarungen von großem Interesse, da der Systemverschleiß gering gehalten werden kann.
Bioinspired adhesion systems ‐ competing with the gecko
Authors: Kroner Elmar , Arzt Eduard 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGeckos can adhere to nearly every kind of surface, independent of its chemical properties or roughness. The adhesive force generated is high enough to support their own weight multiple times and allows the gecko to walk upside down. Their adhesion system is self‐cleaning, renewable (self healing), and can be removed from a surface without residues. It is these unique properties that have kindled steeply rising research interest over the last decade.
Carob Fruit Polyphenols Reduce Tocopherol Loss, Triacylglycerol Polymerization and Oxidation in Heated Sunflower Oil
Authors: Zulim Botega Daniele , Bastida Sara , Marmesat Susana , Pérez‐Olleros Lourdes , Ruiz‐Roso Baltasar , Sánchez‐Muniz Francisco J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHeated oils may contain potentially toxic altered compounds. A denatured carob fiber, very rich in non‐extractable tannins (Exxenterol®), exhibits antioxidant activities in in vitro experiments. The present study was designed to evaluate in sunflower oil (SO) heated to frying temperature, the protective effect on oil thermal oxidation and polymerization of adding 10 mg Exxenterol/kg oil (SO‐10) and 50 mg Exxenterol/kg oil (SO‐50). After 2, 8 and 16 h at 180 °C, SO displayed a relevant increase in triacylglycerol‐derived polar material (PM) and polymer contents and a decrease in α‐tocopherol concentrations. Thermal oxidation changes were significantly checked in SO‐50 throughout the 16‐h heating, while SO‐10 only displayed protection from thermal oxidation during the first 2 h of heating. Oil frying‐life was doubled because formation of PM and polymers was inhibited by more than 50%. Results clearly show that this non‐extractable tannin‐rich fiber can be successfully employed as an additive to significantly prolong sunflower oil frying‐life, and thus decrease the potential toxicity of the heated oil.
ACCURACY, PRECISION AND RESPONSE TIME OF CONSUMER BIMETAL AND DIGITAL THERMOMETERS FOR COOKED GROUND BEEF PATTIES AND CHICKEN BREASTS*
Authors: LIU M.N. , VINYARD B. , CALLAHAN J.A. , SOLOMON M.B. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT Three models each of consumer instant‐read bimetal and digital thermometers were tested for accuracy, precision and response time compared with a calibrated thermocouple in cooked 80 and 90% lean ground beef patties and boneless and bone‐in split chicken breasts. At the recommended insertion times, the percent of measurements matching a calibrated thermocouple were 14–69% for bimetal and 0–64% for digital thermometers. Bimetals averaged 2–11F and the digitals averaged 1–20F less than the thermocouple readings. With longer insertion times, bimetals registered 25–81% and digitals registered 14–92% of the products as cooked. Bimetals averaged 1–9F and the digitals averaged 2–7F less than the thermocouples. Measurement repeatability (precision) was high within and between individual thermometers of the same model. Results indicate that the consumer thermometers evaluated in this study required more than the recommended time to register products as cooked. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSConsumers are advised to use thermometers to ensure that meat products are properly cooked. Bimetal and digital thermometers are readily available to consumers. There has been no research conducted on the response times and accuracy of these types of thermometers in cooked meat products. Bimetal and digital thermometers underreported the actual product temperatures. It appears that these thermometers need additional time to register the product as fully cooked. Consumers using these thermometer models would assume that the product was not at the target temperature for food safety and would continue to cook the product longer. While this would ensure food safety by the product being overcooked, this could have a detrimental effect on the overall eating quality.
Luther's and Melanchthon's Students: The Wittenberg Circle and the Development of its Theology to 1600
Authors: Kolb Robert 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe students of Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon carried on the process of refining and institutionalizing their thought throughout the second half of the sixteenth century in the midst of controversies over selected issues that arose out of specific historical contexts. This article traces the development and course of these controversies and the solutions reached in the Formula of Concord of 1577.
Connecting Mathematics and Writing Workshop: It's Kinda Like Ice Skating
Authors: Carter Susan 
Published: April 2009

Second‐grade students struggle with writing about mathematical topics during math class, so the teacher begins to integrate mathematical topics into their Writing Workshop. Content journals are used during math, and students are encouraged to write about personal connections to mathematical situations, as well as incorporate mathematical concepts into stories. As a result, the Writing Workshop is invigorated, and written answers during math class are improved and expanded.يواجه طلاب الصف الثاني الابتدائي صعوبات في القيام بالكتابة عن مواضيع رياضية أثناء حصة الرياضيات فلذلك يبدأ المعلم بإدماج مواضيع رياضية في ورشتهم الكتابية. يتم استخدام يوميات المحتوى في مادة الرياضيات وكذلك يتم تشجيع الطلاب على الكتابة عن روابطهم الشخصية بالأوضاع الرياضية بالإضافة إلى إدماج المفاهيم الرياضية في قصصهم. ونتيجة لذلك يدب في ورشة الكتابة الحياة ويتم تحسين الأجوبة التحريرية وتوسيعها في مادة الرياضيات.小学二年级学生在数学课堂上对有关数学课题的书写感到困难，因此教师开始把数学课题结合在书写工作坊里。教师在数学课堂上使用学科日记，鼓励学生书写个人与数学情境的关联，以及一些带有数学概念的故事。结果，学生在这个书写工作坊里得到激励，而他们在数学课堂上的书写作答也得到改进和扩展。Les élèves de deuxième année ont des difficultés à écrire sur des sujets mathématiques pendant la classe de maths, si bien que l'enseignant entreprend d'intégrer des sujets d'ordre mathématique dans leur atelier d'écriture. Il se sert de revues pendant la classe de maths. Les élèves sont incités à faire des relations par écrit entre des questions d'ordre personnel et des situations mathématiques, ainsi qu'à incorporer des concepts mathématiques dans les histoires. De ceci résulte que l'atelier d'écriture est revigoré, et que pendant la classe de maths les réponses écrites se développent et s'étendent.Второклассникам непросто овладеть навыками математической записи и писать о математических понятиях, поэтому учитель пробует сочетать математическое содержание и «мастерскую письма». В ходе урока математики ученики заносят в «бортовые журналы»‐дневники записи, посвященные своему личному отношению к математическим ситуациям, придумывают и записывают сюжеты, связанные с математическими понятиями. В итоге мастерская письма проходит с энтузиазмом, а ответы на уроках математики становятся глубже и разнообразнее.Estudiantes de segundo grado tienen dificultades al tratar de escribir sobre las matemáticas durante la clase de matemática, así que el maestro empieza a incluir temas matemáticos en su Taller de Escritura. Usan diarios de contenido en la clase de matemáticas. Se anima a los estudiantes a escribir sobre su conexión personal a las situaciones matemáticas y a incorporar conceptos matemáticos en sus historias también. Como resultado, el Taller de Escritura se vuelve más animado y las respuestas escritas en la clase de matemáticas son mejores y más largas.
Clinical physicists’ perceptions of weekly chart checks and the potential role for automated image review assessed by structured interviews
Authors: Petragallo Rachel , Luximon Dishane C. , Neylon Jack , Bardach Naomi S. , Ritter Timothy , Lamb James M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study utilizes interviews of clinical medical physicists to investigate self‐reported shortcomings of the current weekly chart check workflow and opportunities for improvement.MethodsNineteen medical physicists were recruited for a 30‐minute semi‐structured interview, with a particular focus placed on image review and the use of automated tools for image review in weekly checks. Survey‐type questions were used to gather quantitative information about chart check practices and importance placed on reducing chart check workloads versus increasing chart check effectiveness. Open‐ended questions were used to probe respondents about their current weekly chart check workflow, opinions of the value of weekly chart checks and perceived shortcomings, and barriers and facilitators to the implementation of automated chart check tools. Thematic analysis was used to develop common themes across the interviews.ResultsPhysicists ranked highly the value of reducing the time spent on weekly chart checks (average 6.3 on a scale from 1 to 10), but placed more value on increasing the effectiveness of checks with an average of 9.2 on a 1–10 scale. Four major themes were identified: (1) weekly chart checks need to adapt to an electronic record‐and‐verify chart environment, (2) physicists could add value to patient care by analyzing images without duplicating the work done by physicians, (3) greater support for trending analysis is needed in weekly checks, and (4) automation has the potential to increase the value of physics checks.ConclusionThis study identified several key shortcomings of the current weekly chart check process from the perspective of the clinical medical physicist. Our results show strong support for automating components of the weekly check workflow in order to allow for more effective checks that emphasize follow‐up, trending, failure modes and effects analysis, and allow time to be spent on other higher value tasks that improve patient safety.
Tandem Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrite to Ammonia on Rhodium–Copper Single Atom Alloys
Authors: Xiang Jiaqi , Qiang Chaofan , Shang Shiyao , Chen Kai , Kang Chaoyang , Chu Ke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic reduction of NO2− to NH3 (NO2RR) presents a fascinating approach for simultaneously migrating NO2− pollutants and producing valuable NH3. In this study, single‐atom Rh‐alloyed copper (CuRh1) is explored as a highly active and selective catalyst toward the NO2RR. Combined theoretical calculations and in situ FTIR/EPR spectroscopic experiments uncover the synergistic effect of Rh1 and Cu to promote the NO2RR energetics of CuRh1 through a tandem catalysis pathway, in which Rh1 activates the preliminary adsorption and hydrogenation of NO2− (NO2− → *NO2 → *NOOH → *NO), while the generated *NO on Rh1 is then transferred on Cu substrate which promotes the rate‐determining step of *NO → *NHO toward the NH3 synthesis. As a result, CuRh1 equipped in a flow cell presents an unprecedented NH3 yield rate of 2191.6 µmol h−1 cm−2 and NH3‐Faradaic efficiency of 98.9% at a high current density of 322.5 mA cm−2, as well as long‐term stability for 100 h electrolysis.