bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Spectral Solar Irradiance in the Ecliptic Plane Using Synthetic Solar Surface Magnetograms
Authors: de Oliveira I. , Sowmya K. , Nèmec N.‐E. , Shapiro A. I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe primary external energy input to planetary atmospheres comes from solar radiation. Accurate estimates of solar irradiance are needed in order to understand atmospheric conditions at other planets. Many studies have interpolated Earth‐based irradiance measurements at other planets, disregarding the evolution of solar features, which are responsible for the irradiance variability. We present an approach for assessing solar irradiance at other planets by using synthetic full surface magnetograms of the Sun, generated by the Surface Flux Transport Model, and then converted into sunspots and faculae areas. Following the Spectral And Total Irradiance REconstruction approach, we compute the irradiance as the sum of contributions from sunspots, faculae, and the quiet Sun. We calculate the S‐index, which is a proxy for near‐ultraviolet irradiance, and the total solar irradiance (TSI), which is the wavelength‐integrated value. We demonstrate that a simple phase shift of the Earth‐observed TSI does not produce reliable estimates in the ecliptic. By comparing and correlating our results with the interpolated measurements, we find that the two models agree in the S‐index variability, because faculae have a long lifetime, so the effect of the solar rotation becomes less important. Conversely, the methods disagree strongly in the TSI, since sunspots have a short lifetime, and the interpolation does not take into account their emergence and evolution on the far‐side of the Sun, as it only uses the information of the disc visible for an Earth‐bound observer.
Acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscopy with a large field of view
Authors: Jin Geonsoo , Upreti Neil , Rich Joseph , Xia Jianping , Zhao Chenglong , Huang Tony Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLarge-field nanoscale fluorescence imaging is invaluable for many applications, such as imaging subcellular structures, visualizing protein interactions, and high-resolution tissue imaging. Unfortunately, conventional fluorescence microscopy requires a trade-off between resolution and field of view due to the nature of the optics used to form the image. To overcome this barrier, we developed an acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscope that simultaneously achieves superior resolution, a large field of view, and strong fluorescent signals. The acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscope utilizes the superresolution capabilities of microspheres that are controlled by a programmable acoustofluidic device for rapid fluorescence enhancement and imaging. The acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscope resolves structures that cannot be resolved with conventional fluorescence microscopes with the same objective lens and enhances the fluorescent signal by a factor of ~5 without altering the field of view of the image. The improved resolution realized with enhanced fluorescent signals and the large field of view achievedviaacoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscopy provides a powerful tool for versatile nanoscale fluorescence imaging for researchers in the fields of medicine, biology, biophysics, and biomedical engineering.
Effect of plateletcrit and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotypes on folic acid efficacy in stroke prevention
Authors: Shi Yuncong , Zhang Zhengzhipeng , Wang Binyan , Wang Yu , Kong Xiangyi , Sun Yong , Li Aimin , Cui Yimin , Zhang Yan , Li Jianping , Huo Yong , Huang Hui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that low platelet count combined with high plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) increased stroke risk and can be lowered by 73% with folic acid. However, the combined role of other platelet activation parameters and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotypes on stroke risk and folic acid treatment benefit remain to be examined. This study aimed to investigate if platelet activation parameters and MTHFR genotypes jointly impact folic acid treatment efficacy in first stroke prevention. Data were derived from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. This study includes a total of 11,185 adult hypertensive patients with relevant platelet activation parameters and MTHFR genotype data. When simultaneously considering both platelet activation parameters (plateletcrit, platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width) and MTHFR genotypes, patients with both low plateletcrit (Q1) and the TT genotype had the highest stroke incidence rate (5.6%) in the enalapril group. This subgroup significantly benefited from folic acid treatment, with a 66% reduction in first stroke (HR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.14–0.82; p = 0.016). Consistently, the subgroup with low plateletcrit (Q1) and the CC/CT genotype also benefited from folic acid treatment (HR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.23–0.70; p = 0.001). In Chinese hypertensive adults, low plateletcrit can identify those who may greatly benefit from folic acid treatment, in particular, those with the TT genotype, a subpopulation known to have the highest stroke risk.
Research progress on morphology and mechanism of programmed cell death
Authors: Chen Yao , Li Xiaohua , Yang Minfeng , Liu Song-Bai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProgrammed cell death (PCD) is a basic process of life that is closely related to the growth, development, aging and disease of organisms and is one of the hotspots of life science research today. PCD is a kind of genetic control, autonomous and orderly important cell death that involves the activation, expression, and regulation of a series of genes. In recent years, with the deepening of research in this field, new mechanisms of multiple PCD pathways have been revealed. This article reviews and summarizes the multiple PCD pathways that have been discovered, analyses and compares the morphological characteristics and biomarkers of different types of PCD, and briefly discusses the role of various types of PCD in the diagnosis and treatment of different diseases, especially malignant tumors.
Drivers and implications of alternative routes to fuels decarbonization in net-zero energy systems
Authors: Mignone Bryan K. , Clarke Leon , Edmonds James A. , Gurgel Angelo , Herzog Howard J. , Johnson Jeremiah X. , Mallapragada Dharik S. , McJeon Haewon , Morris Jennifer , O’Rourke Patrick R. , Paltsev Sergey , Rose Steven K. , Steinberg Daniel C. , Venkatesh Aranya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnergy transition scenarios are characterized by increasing electrification and improving efficiency of energy end uses, rapid decarbonization of the electric power sector, and deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies to offset remaining emissions. Although hydrocarbon fuels typically decline in such scenarios, significant volumes remain in many scenarios even at the time of net-zero emissions. While scenarios rely on different approaches for decarbonizing remaining fuels, the underlying drivers for these differences are unclear. Here we develop several illustrative net-zero systems in a simple structural energy model and show that, for a given set of final energy demands, assumptions about the use of biomass and CO2 sequestration drive key differences in how emissions from remaining fuels are mitigated. Limiting one resource may increase reliance on another, implying that decisions about using or restricting resources in pursuit of net-zero objectives could have significant tradeoffs that will need to be evaluated and managed.
Pretreatment with IL-15 and IL-18 rescues natural killer cells from granzyme B-mediated apoptosis after cryopreservation
Authors: Berjis Abdulla , Muthumani Deeksha , Aguilar Oscar A. , Pomp Oz , Johnson Omar , Finck Amanda V. , Engel Nils W. , Chen Linhui , Plachta Nicolas , Scholler John , Lanier Lewis L. , June Carl H. , Sheppard Neil C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman natural killer (NK) cell-based therapies are under assessment for treating various cancers, but cryopreservation reduces both the recovery and function of NK cells, thereby limiting their therapeutic feasibility. Using cryopreservation protocols optimized for T cells, here we find that ~75% of NK cells die within 24 h post-thaw, with the remaining cells displaying reduced cytotoxicity. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and confocal microscopy, we find that cryopreserved NK cells largely die via apoptosis initiated by leakage of granzyme B from cytotoxic vesicles. Pretreatment of NK cells with a combination of Interleukins-15 (IL-15) and IL-18 prior to cryopreservation improves NK cell recovery to ~90-100% and enables equal tumour control in a xenograft model of disseminated Raji cell lymphoma compared to non-cryopreserved NK cells. The mechanism of IL-15 and IL-18-induced protection incorporates two mechanisms: a transient reduction in intracellular granzyme B levels via degranulation, and the induction of antiapoptotic genes.
The STING agonist IMSA101 enhances chimeric antigen receptor T cell function by inducing IL-18 secretion
Authors: Uslu Ugur , Sun Lijun , Castelli Sofia , Finck Amanda V. , Assenmacher Charles-Antoine , Young Regina M. , Chen Zhijian J. , June Carl H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a strategy to improve the therapeutic success of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CART) directed against solid tumors, we here test the combinatorial use of CART and IMSA101, a newly developed stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist. In two syngeneic tumor models, improved overall survival is observed when mice are treated with intratumorally administered IMSA101 in addition to intravenous CART infusion. Transcriptomic analyses of CART isolated from tumors show elevated T cell activation, as well as upregulated cytokine pathway signatures, in particular IL-18, in the combination treatment group. Also, higher levels of IL-18 in serum and tumor are detected with IMSA101 treatment. Consistent with this, the use of IL-18 receptor negative CART impair anti-tumor responses in mice receiving combination treatment. In summary, we find that IMSA101 enhances CART function which is facilitated through STING agonist-induced IL-18 secretion.
Deciphering complexity in Pd–catalyzed cross-couplings
Authors: Clarke George E. , Firth James D. , Ledingham Lyndsay A. , Horbaczewskyj Chris S. , Bourne Richard A. , Bray Joshua T. W. , Martin Poppy L. , Eastwood Jonathan B. , Campbell Rebecca , Pagett Alex , MacQuarrie Duncan J. , Slattery John M. , Lynam Jason M. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Milani Jessica , Hart Sam , Wilson Julie , Fairlamb Ian J. S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding complex reaction systems is critical in chemistry. While synthetic methods for selective formation of products are sought after, oftentimes it is the full reaction signature, i.e., complete profile of products/side-products, that informs mechanistic rationale and accelerates discovery chemistry. Here, we report a methodology using high-throughput experimentation and multivariate data analysis to examine the full signature of one of the most complicated chemical reactions catalyzed by palladium known in the chemical literature. A model Pd-catalyzed reaction was selected involving functionalization of 2-bromo-N-phenylbenzamide and multiple bond activation pathways. Principal component analysis, correspondence analysis and heatmaps with hierarchical clustering reveal the factors contributing to the variance in product distributions and show associations between solvents and reaction products. Using robust data from experiments performed with eight solvents, for four different reaction times at five different temperatures, we correlate side-products to a major dominant N-phenyl phenanthridinone product, and many other side products.
Global musical diversity is largely independent of linguistic and genetic histories
Authors: Passmore Sam , Wood Anna L. C. , Barbieri Chiara , Shilton Dor , Daikoku Hideo , Atkinson Quentin D. , Savage Patrick E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMusic is a universal yet diverse cultural trait transmitted between generations. The extent to which global musical diversity traces cultural and demographic history, however, is unresolved. Using a global musical dataset of 5242 songs from 719 societies, we identify five axes of musical diversity and show that music contains geographical and historical structures analogous to linguistic and genetic diversity. After creating a matched dataset of musical, genetic, and linguistic data spanning 121 societies containing 981 songs, 1296 individual genetic profiles, and 121 languages, we show that global musical similarities are only weakly and inconsistently related to linguistic or genetic histories, with some regional exceptions such as within Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Our results suggest that global musical traditions are largely distinct from some non-musical aspects of human history.
Discovering allatostatin type-C receptor specific agonists
Authors: Kahveci Kübra , Düzgün Mustafa Barbaros , Atis Abdullah Emre , Yılmaz Abdullah , Shahraki Aida , Coskun Basak , Durdagi Serdar , Birgul Iyison Necla 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrently, there is no pesticide available for the selective control of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa-specific), and conventional methods typically rely on mechanical techniques such as pheromone traps or broad-spectrum larvicidal chemicals. As climate change increases the range and dispersion capacity of crop and forest pests, outbreaks of the pine processionary occur with greater frequency and significantly impact forestry and public health. Our study is carried out to provide a T. pityocampa-specific pesticide targeting the Allatostatin Type-C Receptor (AlstR-C). We use a combination of computational biology methods, a cell-based screening assay, and in vivo toxicity and side effect assays to identify, for the first time, a series of AlstR-C ligands suitable for use as T. pityocampa-specific insecticides. We further demonstrate that the novel AlstR-C targeted agonists are specific to lepidopteran larvae, with no harmful effects on coleopteran larvae or adults. Overall, our study represents an important initial advance toward an insect GPCR-targeted next-generation pesticide design. Our approach may apply to other invertebrate GPCRs involved in vital metabolic pathways.
Vitrification-enabled enhancement of proton conductivity in hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks
Authors: Yang Feng-Fan , Wang Xiao-Lu , Tian Jiayue , Yin Yang , Liang Linfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are versatile materials with potential applications in proton conduction. Traditional approaches involve incorporating humidity control to address grain boundary challenges for proton conduction. This study finds vitrification as an alternative strategy to eliminate grain boundary effect in HOFs by rapidly melt quenching the kinetically stable HOF-SXU-8 to glassy state HOF-g. Notably, a remarkable enhancement in proton conductivity without humidity was achieved after vitrification, from 1.31 × 10−7 S cm−1 to 5.62× 10−2 S cm−1 at 100 °C. Long term stability test showed negligible performance degradation, and even at 30 °C, the proton conductivity remained at high level of 1.2 × 10−2 S cm−1. Molecule dynamics (MD) simulations and X-ray total scattering experiments reveal the HOF-g system is consisted of three kinds of clusters, i.e., 1,5-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid (1,5-NSA) anion clusters, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) molecule clusters, and H+-H2O clusters. In which, the H+ plays an important role to bridge these clusters and the high conductivity is mainly related to the H+ on H3O+. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing HOFs, enabling efficient proton conduction, and advancing energy conversion and storage devices.
5′UTR G-quadruplex structure enhances translation in size dependent manner
Authors: Lee Chun-Ying , Joshi Meera , Wang Ashley , Myong Sua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTranslation initiation in bacteria is frequently regulated by various structures in the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR). Previously, we demonstrated that G-quadruplex (G4) formation in non-template DNA enhances transcription. In this study, we aim to explore how G4 formation in mRNA (RG4) at 5′UTR impacts translation using a T7-based in vitro translation system and in E. coli. We show that RG4 strongly promotes translation efficiency in a size-dependent manner. Additionally, inserting a hairpin upstream of the RG4 further enhances translation efficiency, reaching up to a 12-fold increase. We find that the RG4-dependent effect is not due to increased ribosome affinity, ribosome binding site accessibility, or mRNA stability. We propose a physical barrier model in which bulky structures in 5′UTR biases ribosome movement toward the downstream start codon, thereby increasing the translation output. This study provides biophysical insights into the regulatory role of 5′UTR structures in in vitro and bacterial translation, highlighting their potential applications in tuning gene expression.
Multiplexed bulk and single-cell RNA-seq hybrid enables cost-efficient disease modeling with chimeric organoids
Authors: Cheng Chen , Wang Gang , Zhu Yuqing , Wu Hangdi , Zhang Li , Liu Zhihong , Huang Yuanhua , Zhang Jin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDisease modeling with isogenic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-differentiated organoids serves as a powerful technique for studying disease mechanisms. Multiplexed coculture is crucial to mitigate batch effects when studying the genetic effects of disease-causing variants in differentiated iPSCs or organoids, and demultiplexing at the single-cell level can be conveniently achieved by assessing natural genetic barcodes. Here, to enable cost-efficient time-series experimental designs via multiplexed bulk and single-cell RNA-seq of hybrids, we introduce a computational method in our Vireo Suite, Vireo-bulk, to effectively deconvolve pooled bulk RNA-seq data by genotype reference, and thereby quantify donor abundance over the course of differentiation and identify differentially expressed genes among donors. Furthermore, with multiplexed scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq, we demonstrate the usefulness and necessity of a pooled design to reveal donor iPSC line heterogeneity during macrophage cell differentiation and to model rare WT1 mutation-driven kidney disease with chimeric organoids. Our work provides an experimental and analytic pipeline for dissecting disease mechanisms with chimeric organoids.
Molecular basis of bacterial DSR2 anti-phage defense and viral immune evasion
Authors: Huang Jiafeng , Zhu Keli , Gao Yina , Ye Feng , Li Zhaolong , Ge Yao , Liu Songqing , Yang Jing , Gao Ang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDefense-associated sirtuin 2 (DSR2) systems are widely distributed across prokaryotic genomes, providing robust protection against phage infection. DSR2 recognizes phage tail tube proteins and induces abortive infection by depleting intracellular NAD+, a process that is counteracted by another phage-encoded protein, DSR Anti Defense 1 (DSAD1). Here, we present cryo-EM structures of Bacillus subtilis DSR2 in its apo, Tube-bound, and DSAD1-bound states. DSR2 assembles into an elongated tetramer, with four NADase catalytic modules clustered in the center and the regulatory-sensing modules distributed at four distal corners. Interestingly, monomeric Tube protein, rather than its oligomeric states, docks at each corner of the DSR2 tetramer to form a 4:4 DSR2-Tube assembly, which is essential for DSR2 NADase activity. DSAD1 competes with Tube for binding to DSR2 by occupying an overlapping region, thereby inhibiting DSR2 immunity. Thus, our results provide important insights into the assembly, activation and inhibition of the DSR2 anti-phage defense system.
Strain engineering the spin-valley coupling of the R-stacking sliding ferroelectric bilayer 2H-VX2 (X = S, Se, Te)
Authors: Ma Jiayu , Luo Xin , Zheng Yue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe emergence of magnetic transition metal dichalcogenides has significantly advanced the development of valleytronics due to the spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry and space-inversion symmetry. However, the lack of regulation methods has prevented researchers from exploring their potential applications. Herein, we propose to use strain engineering to control the spin-valley coupling in the sliding ferroelectric bilayer 2H-VX2 (X = S, Se, Te). Four multiferroic states are constructed by combining the sliding ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism in the R-stacking bilayer VX2, where the spin and valley polarizations are coupled together from the layer-dependent spin-polarized band structures. By applying a small external strain or pressure on the out-of-plane van der Waals direction, we predicted that there is an antiferromagnetic to magnetic transition in the bilayer VX2, leading to the interesting spin-polarized and chiral circularly polarized radiation at K+ and K- valleys, similar to those found in the magnetic monolayer. To comprehend the coupling between various degrees of freedom in these multiferroic systems, we have developed an effective k·p model. This model unveils a linear relationship between the electric polarization generated by interlayer sliding and the energy difference of the valence band maximum at K+ and K- valleys. Thus, providing an alternate method to measure the electric polarization in the sliding ferroelectrics. Based on the strong coupling between the strain, spin-valley, and electric polarization, it is likely to use the strain to control the interesting emerging properties of 2H-VX2 such as the anomalous valley Hall effect.
Localized corrosion in selective laser melted SS316L in CO2 and H2S brines at elevated temperatures
Authors: Narayanan Deeparekha , Martinez Alan , Martin Ulises , Mansoor Bilal , Case Raymundo , Castaneda Homero 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this work, the passivation and localized corrosion of selective laser melted (SLM) stainless steel 316 L when exposed to high pressures of CO2 with the presence of H2S and Cl− at 25 °C and 125 °C were studied. Depletion of Cr/Mo was observed at the cell interiors and melt-pool boundaries (MPBs) compared to the cell boundaries. Volta potential differences obtained from scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) showed that the MPBs were 8–20 mV lower than the matrix, while the cell interiors were 20–50 mV lower than the cell boundaries. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott–Schottky tests indicated a more defective passive film at 125 °C, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the formation of a less protective film with an increased S/O ratio at 125 °C than 25 °C. Initiation of localized corrosion was observed at the MPBs and pits formed after a week of immersion were wider by an order of magnitude at 125 °C than 25 °C, with evidence of cell-interior dissolution. While passivity was observed even at elevated temperatures, local chemical heterogeneities compromised the stability of the film and contributed to localized corrosion in SLM SS316L.