bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of orlistat in controlling the progression of prediabetes to diabetes: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Gao Zhao , Huang Mengwen , Wang Jiaxin , Jia Huihui , Lv Pin , Zeng Jing , Ti Guixiang 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The aim of this study is to examine the impact of the Orlistat on glucose levels and glucose tolerance in individuals with prediabetes, as well as assess its efficacy and safety in preventing the progression to diabetes.

Methods:
For achieving the appropriate randomized controlled trials, we enrolled the public datas from the following electronic databases: The Cochrane library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wan-Fang, and China Biology Medicine disc. The article focused on the orlistat intervention of glucose tolerance and glycemic status in prediabetic patients. We restricted the publication time from the creation to May 2023.

Results:
Six subjects were included in the study, with a total of 1076 participants (532 in the control group vs 544 in the experimental group). The results indicated that the orlistat can reduce the fasting blood glucose [relative risk (RR) = −2.18, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (−2.471, −1.886)], as well as the 2 hour postprandial blood glucose [RR = −1.497, 95% CI (−1.811, −1.183)]. Furthermore, it can prevent the impaired glucose tolerance patients to type 2 diabetes mellitus [RR = 0.605, 95% CI (0.462, 0.791)], and reversal the impaired glucose tolerance [RR = 2.092, 95% CI (1.249, 3.503)].

Conclusions:
In prediabetic people, the orlistat can control weight, reduce the fasting blood glucose and the 2 hour postprandial blood glucose, and then delay the progression of diabetes. However, due to the quantitative restrictions, additional high-quality study needs to be conducted to improve the reliability of the results.
Development of a delayed chronic subdural haematoma 3 years after traumatic brain injury with urinary incontinence: a case report
Authors: Khulsai Muhammad Sameer , Nasir H. Saad , Raja Huda , Nadeem Abdullah , Raufi Nahid , Khan Atiq Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The authors present a case of a delayed chronic subdural haematoma, a rare occurrence that manifested 3 years after a traumatic brain injury, accompanied by an unexpected symptom of urinary incontinence. Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is a well-known condition characterised by the accumulation of old, liquefied blood under the dura mater, usually following minor head trauma. However, the atypical presentation of CSDH in a young patient without predisposing factors and the association with urinary incontinence challenge conventional understanding. This report explores the clinical manifestations, radiological findings, and management of this exceptional case, providing valuable insights into this unusual presentation.

Case presentation:
In this report, the authors present the case of a 23-year-old male with an unremarkable medical history, devoid of prior neurological deficits, who presented with persistent headaches, memory impairment, left-right disorientation, slurred speech, and urinary incontinence, troubling him for the past month. The patient had a history of a traumatic brain injury from a road traffic accident 3 years earlier, initially devoid of concerning symptoms. Imaging revealed a large heterogeneous mass lesion in the left fronto-parietal lobe consistent with a chronic subdural haematoma. The patient underwent surgical evacuation and excision of the haematoma, leading to the successful resolution of symptoms.

Clinical discussion:
Conventionally, chronic subdural haematoma is observed in elderly individuals following minor head trauma. However, this case challenges the traditional understanding by highlighting its delayed occurrence in a young patient without known predisposing factors. This case emphasises the need to consider delayed presentations even without immediate neurological deficits. The unexpected symptom of urinary incontinence underscores the necessity of comprehensive evaluations to understand the associated neurological effects of CSDH. A surgical approach was crucial for both diagnosis and treatment, underscoring the significance of prompt intervention in such atypical cases.

Conclusion:
This exceptional case sheds light on a delayed chronic subdural haematoma occurring years after traumatic brain injury in a young patient without known risk factors. The presence of urinary incontinence as a symptom further amplifies the uniqueness of this case. Understanding and recognising atypical presentations of CSDH is vital for accurate diagnosis and timely intervention. This report underscores the importance of vigilance and an integrated approach to managing patients with subdural haematomas, particularly in unexpected demographics and circumstances, to ensure optimal outcomes and patient well-being.
Large nasopalatine duct cyst in a child patient: a case report
Authors: Khalil Ali , Albash Ziad 
Published: May 2024

Introduction and importance:
Nasopalatine duct cyst (NPDC) is one of the most common non-odontogenic cysts of the oral cavity, which it can arise at any age but is seen rarely in children. These cysts are usually asymptomatic, and are detected by routine radiographs.

Case presentation:
This case report presents the management of a large nasopalatine duct cyst in an 11-year-old pediatric patient. The patient presented with symptoms such severe mobility in central incisors and swelling in the anterior part of the palate. Diagnostic imaging confirmed the presence of a large cyst in the nasopalatine region. Surgical intervention was performed to excise the cyst, and the central incisors were splinted with a rigid splint for 4 weeks.

Clinical discussion:
The case of a large nasopalatine duct cyst in a child patient poses several important clinical considerations. Nasopalatine duct cysts are relatively rare, especially in pediatric patients, making this case particularly noteworthy. The presentation of a large cyst in a child raises questions about the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment options for such cases.

Conclusions:
This case report highlights the importance of considering nasopalatine duct cysts as a differential diagnosis in pediatric patients presenting with maxillary swelling and associated symptoms. Early recognition and appropriate management are essential to prevent potential complications and ensure optimal outcomes for the patient. The nasopalatine duct cyst that occurs at children may be aggressive and led to severe loss in the supporting alveolar bone with teeth mobility.
Goals, Structure, and Financing of Surgical Residency Training
Authors: Klingensmith Mary E. , Minter Rebecca M. , Fisher Karen , Berry Cherisse D. , Cooke David Tom , Phillips Linda G. , Sidawy Anton N. , Freischlag Julie A. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
As part of the Blue Ribbon Committee II, review current goals, structure and financing of surgical training in Graduate Medical Education (GME) and recommend needed changes.

Background:
Surgical training has continually undergone major transitions with the 80-hour work week, earlier specialization (vascular, plastics, and cardiovascular), and now entrustable professional activities as part of competency-based medical education (CBME). Changes are needed to ensure the efficiencies of CBME are utilized, that stable graduate medical education funding is secured, and that support for surgeons who teach is made available.

Methods:
Convened subcommittee discussions to determine the needed focus for recommendations.

Results:
Five recommendations are offered for changes to GME financing, incorporation of CBME, and support for educators, students, and residents in training.

Conclusions:
Changes in surgical training related to CBME offer opportunities for change and innovation. Our subcommittee has laid out a potential path forward for improvements in GME funding, training structure, compensation of surgical educators, and support of students and residents in training.
Blue Ribbon Committee I Review: Findings and Impact
Authors: Flynn Timothy C. , Brennan Murray F. , Ellison E. Christopher , Freischlag Julie A. , Malangoni Mark A. , Pellegrini Carlos A. , Sachdeva Ajit K. , Turner Patricia L. , Warshaw Andrew L. , Zinner Michael J. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Review the subsequent impact of recommendations made by the 2004 American Surgical Association Blue Ribbon Committee (BRC I) Report on Surgical Education.

Background:
Current leaders of the American College of Surgeons and the American Surgical Association convened an expert panel to review the impact of the BRC I report and make recommendations for future improvements in surgical education.

Methods:
BRC I members reviewed the 2004 recommendations in light of the current status of surgical education.

Results:
Some of the recommendations of BRC I have gained traction and have been implemented. There is a well-organized national curriculum and numerous educational offerings. There has been greater emphasis on preparing faculty to teach, and there are ample opportunities for professional advancement as an educator. The number of residents has grown, although not at a pace to meet the country’s needs either by total number or geographic distribution. The number of women in the profession has increased. There is greater awareness and attention to resident (and faculty) well-being. The anticipated radical change in the educational scheme has not been adopted. Training in surgical research still depends on the resources and interests of individual programs. Financing student and graduate medical education remains a challenge.

Conclusions:
The medical landscape has changed considerably since BRC I published its findings in 2005. A contemporary assessment of surgical education and training is needed to meet the future needs of the profession and our patients.
Evidence of positive selection and a novel phylogeny among five subspecies of song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) in Alaska
Authors: Oliver Brown Caitlyn C. , Collier Keiler A. , Mills Kendall K. , Spaulding Fern , Glenn Travis C. , Pruett Christin L. , Winker Kevin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnder local adaptation, populations evolve traits in response to the local environment. Isolated island populations often experience different selection pressures than their mainland counterparts, which enables the study of how phenotypes and genotypes respond to different selection regimes. We used a group of five phenotypically differentiated subspecies of song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) in Alaska to examine the effects of local adaptation. Song sparrows occur across southern Alaska from Attu Island in the western Aleutian Islands, to southeast Alaska. Moving from western to eastern Alaska these populations demonstrate striking body size differences (larger-to-smaller) and a change from a sedentary to a migratory/partially migratory life-history strategy. We examined the phenotypic attributes of these populations and used whole-genomic data to determine relationships and test candidate loci for evidence of selection. Phenotypic measurements of museum specimens (n = 227) quantified the dramatic size differences among these populations, with westernmostM. m. maximabeing ∼1.6 times larger than easternmostM. m. rufina. Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) were extracted for phylogenetic reconstruction and candidate genes were extracted for selection testing. We analyzed 26 candidate genes for body size, migration and dispersal, color, and salt tolerance. Two of the candidate genes showed signs of positive selection:BCO1(associated with plumage color) andKCTD21(associated with dispersal). Phylogenetic analysis of UCEs showedM. m. maximaas sister to the other AlaskaM. melodiasubspecies. This suggestsM. m. maximacolonized earliest, perhaps before the last glacial maximum, and that Alaska was later recolonized by ancestors of the remaining four subspecies.
The Src-family kinase Lyn plays a critical role in establishing and maintaining B cell anergy by suppressing PI3K-dependent signaling
Authors: Fiske Brigita E. , Wemlinger Scott M. , Crute Bergren W. , Getahun Andrew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough the Src family kinase (SFK) Lyn is known to be involved in induction and maintenance of peripheral B cell tolerance, the molecular basis of its action in this context remains unclear. This question has been approached using conventional as well as B cell-targeted knockouts of Lyn, with varied conclusions likely confused by collateral loss of Lyn functions in B cell and myeloid cell development and activation. Here we utilized a system in which Lyn gene deletion is tamoxifen inducible and B cell restricted. This system allows acute elimination of Lyn in B cells without off-target effects. This genetic tool was employed in conjunction with immunoglobulin transgenic mice in which peripheral B cells are autoreactive. DNA reactive Ars/A1 B cells require continuous inhibitory signaling, mediated by the inositol phosphatase SHIP-1 and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, to maintain an unresponsive (anergic) state. Here we show that Ars/A1 B cells require Lyn to establish and maintain B cell unresponsiveness. Lyn primarily functions by restricting PI3K-dependent signaling pathways. This Lyn-dependent mechanism complements the impact of reduced mIgM BCR expression to restrict BCR signaling in Ars/A1 B cells. Our findings suggest that a subset of autoreactive B cells requires Lyn to become anergic and that the autoimmunity associated with dysregulated Lyn function may, in part, be due to an inability of these autoreactive B cells to become tolerized.
STGram: Non-Invasive Visualization and Analysis of Circadian Rhythms Through Surface Temperature Monitoring
Authors: Shi Shoi , Natsume Tohru 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCircadian rhythms, integral to physiological and behavioral processes, are influenced by environmental cues and developmental stages. This study explores the visualization and analysis of circadian rhythms through non-invasive monitoring of surface body temperature (STGram: Surface Thermo Deviations gram), focusing on the effects of jet lag in international travelers and the developmental progression of circadian rhythms in infants. Using a compact, wearable thermometric device, we collected data from adults experiencing jet lag and a 3-month-old infant over five months. Our analysis identified clear circadian shifts in travelers and illustrated the gradual establishment of circadian rhythms in the infant. These findings underscore the effectiveness of surface body temperature as a marker for circadian rhythm analysis, offering a valuable tool for understanding circadian dynamics and their impact on health. This methodological approach has significant implications for circadian rhythm research, health management, and the study of physiological development.
Trend and Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Risk in Peru: An Analysis of the National Demographic and Family Health Survey, 2014-2022
Authors: Vera-Ponce Víctor Juan , Zuzunaga-Montoya Fiorella E. , Vásquez-Romero Luisa Erika Milagros , Loayza-Castro Joan A. , Valladares-Garrido Mario J. , Gutierrez De Carrillo Carmen Inés 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionCardiovascular diseases (CVD), which encompass a broad array of disorders impacting both the heart and circulatory system, remain a predominant source of mortality and morbidity that takes a toll on populations around the world.ObjectiveThis study focuses on the prevalence and trends of cardiovascular risk (CVR) in Peru from 2014 to 2022 and the factors associated with these conditions.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analytical study using a database from the National Survey of Demography and Family Health collected from 2014 to 2022, covering individuals aged 40 to 75. Measurements included blood pressure, smoking, and body mass index (BMI), among others, using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) risk calculator. Stratified sampling methods were applied, and participants lacking interest variables were excluded.ResultsThe prevalence of low and high CVR was 74.89% and 4.48%, respectively. Variations in CVR trends were observed from 2014 to 2022. Factors significantly associated with higher CVR included male sex, older age, higher education, wealth, smoking habits, obesity, and health conditions such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsThe study revealed a significant prevalence of CVR factors in the studied population. The critical importance of addressing these prevalent factors in public health policies and strategies for preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases is strongly highlighted.
Hypertension-associated Medical Expenditures Among Privately Insured US Individuals Aged 18 to 64 Years in 2021
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , He Siran , Pollack Lisa M. , Lee Jun Soo , Imoisili Omoye , Wang Yu , Kompaniyets Lyudmyla , Luo Feijun , Jackson Sandra L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are no recent estimates for hypertension-associated medical expenditures. This study aims to estimate hypertension-associated incremental medical expenditures among privately insured US adults.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using IQVIA’s Ambulatory Electronic Medical Records-US dataset linked with PharMetrics Plus claims data. Privately insured adults aged 18–64 years with ≥1 blood pressure measurement in 2020–2021 were included.Hypertension was identified as having ≥1 diagnosis code or ≥ 2 blood pressure measurements of ≥140/90 mmHg, or ≥1 antihypertensive medication in 2021. Annual total expenditures were estimated using a generalized linear model (GLM) with gamma distribution and log-link function. Out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures were estimated using a two-part model that included logistic and GLM regression. Overlap propensity-score weights from logistic regression were used to obtain a balanced sample on hypertension status.ResultsAmong the 393,018 adults, 156556 (40%) were identified with hypertension. Compared to individuals without hypertension, those with hypertension had $2,926 (95% CI, $2,681–$3,170) higher total expenditures, and $328 (95% CI, $300–$355) higher OOP expenditures. Adults with hypertension had higher total inpatient ($3,272; 95% CI, $1,458–$5,086) and outpatient ($2,189; 95% CI, $2,009–$2,369) expenditures, when compared with those without hypertension. Hypertension-associated incremental total expenditures were higher for women ($3,242; 95% CI, $2,915–$3,569) than for men ($2,521; 95% CI, $2,139–$2,904).ConclusionsAmong privately insured US adults, hypertension was associated with higher medical expenditures, including higher inpatient and OOP expenditures. These findings may help assess the economic value of interventions effective in preventing hypertension.
Let-7restrains an oncogenic circuit in AT2 cells to prevent fibrogenic cell intermediates in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Seasock Matthew J. , Shafiquzzaman Md , Ruiz-Echartea Maria E. , Kanchi Rupa S. , Tran Brandon T. , Simon Lukas M. , Meyer Matthew D. , Erice Phillip A. , Lotlikar Shivani L. , Wenlock Stephanie C. , Ochsner Scott A. , Enright Anton , Carisey Alex F. , Romero Freddy , Rosas Ivan O. , King Katherine Y. , McKenna Neil J. , Coarfa Cristian , Rodriguez Antony 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTAnalysis of lung alveolar type 2 (AT2) progenitor stem cells has highlighted fundamental mechanisms that direct their differentiation into alveolar type 1 cells (AT1s) in lung repair and disease. However, microRNA (miRNA) mediated post-transcriptional mechanisms which govern this nexus remain understudied. We show here that thelet-7miRNA family serves a homeostatic role in governance of AT2 quiescence, specifically by preventing the uncontrolled accumulation of AT2 transitional cells and by promoting AT1 differentiation. Using mice and organoid models, we demonstrate genetic ablation oflet-7a1/let-7f1/let-7dcluster (let-7afd) in AT2 cells prevents AT1 differentiation and results in accumulation of AT2 transitional cells in progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Integration of AGO2-eCLIP with RNA-sequencing from AT2 cells uncovered the induction of direct targets oflet-7in an oncogene feed-forward regulatory network including BACH1/EZH2/MYC which drives an aberrant fibrotic cascade. Additional analyses using CUT&RUN-sequencing revealed an epigenetic role oflet-7in induction of chromatin histone acetylation and methylation and maladaptive AT2 cell reprogramming. This study identifieslet-7as a key gatekeeper of post-transcriptional and epigenetic chromatin signals to prevent AT2-driven pulmonary fibrosis.
Epidermal cell fusion promotes the transition from an embryonic to a larval transcriptome inC. elegans
Authors: Funk Owen H. , Levy Daniel L. , Fay David S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCell fusion is a fundamental process in the development of multicellular organisms, yet its impact on gene regulation, particularly during crucial developmental stages, remains poorly understood. TheCaenorhabditis elegansepidermis comprises 8–10 syncytial cells, with the largest integrating 139 individual nuclei through cell–cell fusion governed by the fusogenic protein EFF-1. To explore the effects of cell fusion on developmental progression and associated gene expression changes, we conducted transcriptomic analyses ofeff-1fusion-deficient mutants. Our RNAseq findings showed widespread transcriptomic changes that were enriched for epidermal genes and key molecular pathways involved in epidermal function during larval development. Subsequent single-molecule fluorescencein situhybridization validated the altered expression of mRNA transcripts, confirming quantifiable changes in gene expression in the absence of embryonic epidermal fusion. These results underscore the significance of cell–cell fusion in shaping transcriptional programs during development and raise questions regarding the precise identities and specialized functions of different subclasses of nuclei within developing syncytial cells and tissues.
Mesendodermal cells fail to contribute to heart formation following blastocyst injection
Authors: Li Biyi , Kwon Chulan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBlastocyst complementation offers an opportunity for generating transplantable whole organs from donor sources. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have traditionally served as the primary donor cells due to their ability to differentiate into any type of body cell. However, the use of PSCs raises ethical concerns, particularly regarding their uncontrollable differentiation potential to undesired cell lineages such as brain and germline cells. To address this issue, various strategies have been explored, including the use of genetically modified PSCs with restricted lineage potential or lineage-specified progenitor cells as donors. In this study, we tested whether nascent mesendodermal cells (MECs), which appear during early gastrulation, can be used as donor cells. To do this, we induced Bry-GFP+MECs from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and introduced them into the blastocyst. While donor ESCs gave rise to various regions of embryos, including the heart, Bry-GFP+MECs failed to contribute to the host embryos. This finding suggests that MECs, despite being specified from PSCs within a few days, lack the capacity to assimilate into the developing embryo.