bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ degradability of conventional and unconventional starch sources for ruminants, and factors determining their washable fraction: methodological implications
Authors: González‐García Eliel , Alexandrine Yann , Silou‐Etienne Tatiana , Archimède Harry 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The in situ technique (IS) is used for characterising, screening and evaluating feedstuffs in ruminants. However, it is often not adapted to the particular characteristics of feeds (i.e. kinetics of starchy feeds with a standard framework used in forage). This may lead to potential biases in the final conclusions. In two successive experiments, we evaluated the degradative characteristics of conventional (CON) and unconventional (UNC) starchy feedstuffs (ING) and factors affecting their washable fractions (WF). The suitability of IS was then assessed.RESULTS: Two well‐defined ruminal fermentation patterns (CON and UNC) were observed. The WF and insoluble washable (ISWF) fractions were affected by ING, state of presentation [WAY, fresh (F) or pre‐dried (D)], particle size (PSI) and their interactions. The UNC and F feeds had greater WF and ISWF than CON and D, respectively. Increasing PSI linearly reduced WF and its proportion of ISWF.CONCLUSION: The PSI and WAY are critical factors to consider when designing experiments for the evaluation of starchy feedstuffs for ruminants using IS. It is still very risky to propose ‘standard’ parameters as this will always depend on the particular ING evaluated. Conducting pre‐evaluation tests before implementing each research protocol could help to refine the procedure. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Growth and egg production of layer pullets can be affected by the method of supplying energy and protein sources
Authors: Ocak Nuh , Sungu Murat 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effects of different methods of offering energy (ES) and protein (PS) sources on growth and egg production of layer pullets were assessed. From 9 to 22 weeks of age, 320 layer chickens (Isa Brown) were allocated to four treatments: 1, control (balanced diet); 2, E60:P40 (ES and PS in balanced diet sequentially during 60 and 40% of daily photoperiod respectively); 3, E40:P60 (ES and PS in balanced diet sequentially during 40 and 60% of daily photoperiod respectively); 4, EPFC (free choice between ES and PS in separate troughs).RESULTS: Sequential or free choice feeding between ES and PS to point of lay decreased feed intake and delayed onset of egg production (P < 0.05). Control pullets had higher body weight at first egg than E60:P40 and E40:P60 birds (P < 0.05). Pullets in the E40:P60 group consumed less ES and more PS than those in other groups (P < 0.05). During the laying period, E40:P60 birds had higher egg production and egg mass than E60:P40 birds. EPFC pullets had lower feed efficiency than control and E40:P60 pullets.CONCLUSION: Offering PS during 60% of the photoperiod to point of lay may decrease feed intake without affecting egg production. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Modifications of mechanical characteristics and phenolic composition in berry skins and seeds of Mondeuse winegrapes throughout the on‐vine drying process
Authors: Rolle Luca , Torchio Fabrizio , Giacosa Simone , Gerbi Vincenzo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Among several common drying systems used in the enological sector the dry‐on‐vine (DOV) method assumes particular importance because famous wines such as Sauternes, Tokay and Ice Wines are produced by grapes dried using this system. Knowledge about trends in mechanical properties and phenolic composition during on‐vine grape drying is scarce. The objective of this current study is therefore to increase the knowledge on these aspects.RESULTS: Berry skin break energy (+0.10 N) and berry skin thickness (+69 µm) values increase during grape dehydration, while the peduncle detach force decreases (−0.86 N). Large reductions in the anthocyanin content have also been observed (−40%), but their profile does not show significant changes. Seed hardness (−7.10 N, −1.40 mJ) decreases during the withering, and higher seed springiness has been observed. Seed proanthocyanidins (+2050 mg kg berry−1) and flavanols vanillin assay (+670 mg kg berry−1) increase progressively throughout the withering. In contrast, a distinct lowering of these substances in the skins was noted.CONCLUSION: Many modifications in the chemical–physical characteristics of berries of Mondeuse winegrapes throughout the DOV process were found. The mechanical characteristics of grapes, in particular the peduncle detachment force, are important parameters in assessing their suitability for the drying‐on‐plant process. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Doubly tethered tertiary amide linked and ionically bonded diproline chiral stationary phases
Authors: Lao Wenjian , Gan Jay 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOligoproline chiral stationary phase (CSP) is a new class peptide chiral stationary phase. Many proline chiral stationary phases with different proline chain lengths and linkers have been prepared and evaluated. However, the doubly tethered and ionic type linkers have not been adequately investigated. In this study, covalently and ionically bonded chiral stationary phases with doubly tethered linker were prepared and characterized. The new covalently bonded doubly tethered diproline CSP was applied successfully to resolve various enantiomers of acidic, basic, and neutral compounds with phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, or similarly sized groups. The enantiorecognition performances of singly and doubly tethered diproline CSPs were comparable. Variation of the type and content of organic modifiers in hexane or heptane mobile phase showed that the branch alcohols such as 2‐propanol and 2‐butanol, 1,2‐dichloroethane, methyl tert‐butyl ether, and ethyl acetate in the mobile phase enhanced chiral separation. End‐capping on doubly tethered diproline CSP did not always improve the separation factor and resolution. Due to the rigid structure of the double tether, the enantioseparation ability of ionically bonded diproline CSP was well expressed to some analytes.
Solid‐phase extraction and residue determination of glyphosate in apple by ion‐pairing reverse‐phase liquid chromatography with pre‐column derivatization
Authors: Qian Kun , Tang Tao , Shi Tianyu , Li Pingliang , Li Jianqiang , Cao Yongsong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA new method for glyphosate residue determination in apple has been developed. A SPE cartridge was used to clean up the samples before derivatization. Glyphosate was derivatized with 4‐chloro‐3,5‐dinitrobenzotrifluoride (CNBF) and quantified by reverse ion‐pair liquid chromatography using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as ion‐pair reagent. In pH 9.5 H3BO3–Na2B4O7 medium, the reaction of glyphosate with CNBF was complete after 30 min at 60°C. The stability of the derivative on exposure to light at room temperature in methanol–water was demonstrated. The labeled glyphosate was separated on a Kromasil C18 column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm) at room temperature and UV detection was applied at 360 nm. Separation was achieved within 15 min in gradient elution mode. The correlation coefficient for the method was 0.9998 at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 50 μg/g. The calculated recoveries for glyphosate in apple were from 86.00 to 99.55%, and the relative standard deviations (n = 6) were from 1.43 to 6.32. The limit of detection was 0.01 μg/g for glyphosate in apple.
Rapid and efficient screening of adsorbent for oligopeptide using molecular docking and isothermal titration calorimetry
Authors: Qiao Yitao , Wei Zhong , Feng Jing , Chen Yingchao , Li Pinglin , Wang Wei , Ma Yi , Yuan Zhi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA rapid and efficient method based on molecular docking and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was developed to identify effective adsorbents for the target peptide Ser‐Glu‐Ala‐Asp‐His (SEADH). Preliminary screening of five candidate adsorbents using molecular docking revealed that three suitable structures (A1, A2, and A3) either with or without coordination of Zn2+ should be effective. The three selected structures were then prepared and further screened by evaluating their affinities for the peptide SEADH using ITC. The screening results revealed that the adsorbent A2 coordinated with Zn2+ was the best adsorbent, and subsequent static adsorption experiments confirmed the reliability of the screening method. Further ITC analysis, combined with molecular docking, was performed to provide the possible adsorption mechanism.
Capillary zone electrophoresis with field enhanced sample stacking as a tool for targeted metabolome analysis of adenine nucleotides and coenzymes in Paracoccus denitrificans
Authors: Musilová Jindra , Sedláček Vojtěch , Kučera Igor , Glatz Zdeněk 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe main aim of this work was to demonstrate the applicability of capillary zone electrophoresis in combination with field enhanced sample stacking in targeted metabolome analyses of adenine nucleotides – AMP, ADP, ATP, coenzymes NAD+, NADP+ and their reduced forms in Paracoccus denitrificans. Sodium carbonate/hydrogencarbonate buffer (100 mM, pH 9.6) with the addition of β‐CD at a concentration of 10 mM was found to be an effective BGE for their separation within 20 min. Besides this, special attention was paid to the development of the procedure for the extraction of specific metabolites from the bacterium P. denitrificans. This procedure was not only optimised to achieve the highest metabolite yields but also to obtain a sample that was fully compatible with the online preconcetration strategy used. The developed methodology was finally applied in a study of the bacterium P. denitrificans at various stages of the active respiratory chain.
Endoscopic repair of laryngeal cleft type I and type II: When and why?
Authors: Rahbar Reza , Chen Judy L. , Rosen Rachel L. , Lowry Kristen C. , Simon Dawn M. , Perez Jennifer A. , Buonomo Carlo , Ferrari Lynne R. , Katz Eliot S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the clinical features of children with type I and type II laryngeal cleft and the role of conservative monitoring versus endoscopic repair in their management.Methods:Clinical presentation and evaluation; findings at the time of laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy; and efficacy and outcome of conservative monitoring and endoscopic CO2 laser repair.Results:Eighty‐one patients were evaluated for aspiration. Seventy‐four patients were diagnosed as having a clinically significant laryngeal cleft. Thirty‐two patients (14 males, 18 females) were monitored conservatively. Forty‐nine patients (26 males, 23 females) required surgical intervention due to failed medical and feeding therapy of aspiration related to their laryngeal clefts (28 type I, 21 type II). Endoscopic CO2 laser repair was used in all these patients.Conclusions:Medical and feeding therapy should be the first modality of treatment in patients with laryngeal cleft type I and type II. Factors supporting surgical repair include: 1) clinically apparent aspiration with feeding, 2) severity of pulmonary status, 3) findings on modified barium swallow and chest x‐ray, 4) absence of significant comorbid conditions predisposing to aspiration, 5) findings on upper aerodigestive endoscopy, and 6) poor response to medical management and feeding therapy. Laryngoscope, 2009
Evaluation of hand circulation before radial forearm free flap surgery
Authors: Khan Afroze S. , Henton John M. D. , Adams Titus S. T. , Dwivedi Raghav C. , Harris Paul A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is a versatile flap offering many reconstructive options for head and neck defects. Its low bulk, ease of dissection, and excellent vascularity are among its advantages. Its low flap loss and complication rates offer the best choice for the reconstruction of oral, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal lining. Evaluation of collateral circulation to the hand is important to avoid distal ischemia and donor site morbidity. Pulse oximetry can be used to augment Allen's test to assess collateral supply to the hand. This cost‐neutral technique can be used in routine preoperative screening prior to RFFF surgery. Laryngoscope, 2009
An underreported complication of laryngeal microdebrider: Vocal fold web and granuloma: A case report
Authors: Mortensen Melissa , Woo Peak 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The microdebrider has become a valuable instrument for otolaryngologists. It is now used in the larynx for treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, laryngeal stenosis, and debridement of large cancers for airway control. There are few reported complications reported with the use of the microdebrider in the larynx.Study Design:A case report.Methods:A patient with a vocal fold polyp underwent removal of the polyp with a microdebrider at an outside institution. He presented to our clinic 2 months after the excision with a severely strained near aphonic voice. On rigid stroboscopic examination we saw a large anterior commisure laryngeal web with a granuloma. This was repaired by granuloma excision, web lysis, buccal graft, and laryngeal stent placement.Conclusions:The microdebrider is an extremely valuable tool for the otolaryngologist. Violation of the epithelium and the lamina propria with muscle exposure can result in serious damage to the vocal folds. When using powered instrumentation the surgeon should use the upmost caution in the larynx to avoid causing debilitating injury and scar with subsequent dysphonia. Laryngoscope, 2009
Differentiating between adductor and abductor spasmodic dysphonia using airflow interruption
Authors: Hoffman Matthew R. , Jiang Jack J. , Rieves Adam L. , McElveen Kelsey A. B. , Ford Charles N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To measure the laryngeal resistance (RL), subglottal pressure (Ps), and mean flow rate (MFR) of adductor (ADSD) and abductor (ABSD) spasmodic dysphonia patients using the airflow interrupter.Methods:The RL of six ABSD and seven ADSD patients was measured using the airflow interrupter, a noninvasive device designed to measure MFR and Ps via mechanical balloon valve interruption. Subjects performed 10 trials at each of two intensity levels, with each trial consisting of a sustained /a/ during which phonation was interrupted for 500 ms. Laryngeal resistance was calculated as subglottal pressure divided by airflow.Results:Mean RL for the ADSD and ABSD subtypes at 65 dB were 24.78 cmH2O/L/s and 14.51 cmH2O/L/s, respectively (P = .04). Mean RL at 70 dB were 40.02 cmH2O/L/s and 15.84 cmH2O/L/s (P = .014). Ps for the ADSD and ABSD subtypes at 65 dB were 10.23 cmH2O and 8.32 cmH2O, respectively (P = .582). At the 70 dB level, Ps were 12.39 cmH2O and 11.78 cmH2O (P = .886). MFR for the ADSD and ABSD subtypes at 65 dB were 435 mL/s and 746 mL/s (P = .205). Mean MFR at 70 dB were 518 mL/s and 848 mL/s (P = .198).Conclusions:Noninvasive measurements of RL may be useful for differentiating between ADSD and ABSD. This simple objective test, which produces a quantitative output, could be used to evaluate laryngeal function in patients with spasmodic dysphonia. Laryngoscope, 2009
Some convexity properties of Dirichlet series with positive terms
Authors: Cerone Pietro , Dragomir Sever S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSome basic results for Dirichlet series ψ with positive terms via log‐convexity properties are pointed out. Applications for Zeta, Lambda and Eta functions are considered. The concavity of the function 1/ψ is explored and, as a main result, it is proved that the function 1/ζ is concave on (ζ–1(e), ∞). As a consequence of this fundamental result it is noted that Zeta at the odd positive integers is bounded above by the harmonic mean of its immediate even Zeta values which are known explicitly (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Semilinear Schrödinger equation with time dependent coefficients
Authors: Fanelli Luca 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper we study local and global well‐posedness in L2 and H1 of the Cauchy problem for the following nonlinear Schrödinger equations
equation image
in the space ℝ1+n , with n ≥ 2. The coefficient a (t) is assumed to be positive, and possibly vanishing with finite order on a discrete set; we find the relationship between the critical powers γ for the well‐posedness and the order of the zeroes of a (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Global attractor in competitive Lotka–Volterra systems
Authors: Hou Zhanyuan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFor autonomous Lotka–Volterra systems of differential equations modelling the dynamics of n competing species, new criteria are established for the existence of a single point global attractor. Under the conditions of these criteria, some of the species will survive and stabilise at a steady state whereas the others, if any, will die out (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Calcium isotope analysis by mass spectrometry
Authors: Boulyga Sergei F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe variations in the isotopic composition of calcium caused by fractionation in heterogeneous systems and by nuclear reactions can provide insight into numerous biological, geological, and cosmic processes, and therefore isotopic analysis finds a wide spectrum of applications in cosmo‐ and geochemistry, paleoclimatic, nutritional, and biomedical studies. The measurement of calcium isotopic abundances in natural samples has challenged the analysts for more than three decades. Practically all Ca isotopes suffer from significant isobaric interferences, whereas low‐abundant isotopes can be particularly affected by neighboring major isotopes. The extent of natural variations of stable isotopes appears to be relatively limited, and highly precise techniques are required to resolve isotopic effects. Isotope fractionation during sample preparation and measurements and instrumental mass bias can significantly exceed small isotope abundance variations in samples, which have to be investigated. Not surprisingly, a TIMS procedure developed by Russell et al. (Russell et al., 1978. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42: 1075–1090) for Ca isotope measurements was considered as revolutionary for isotopic measurements in general, and that approach is used nowadays (with small modifications) for practically all isotopic systems and with different mass spectrometric techniques. Nevertheless, despite several decades of calcium research and corresponding development of mass spectrometers, the available precision and accuracy is still not always sufficient to achieve the challenging goals. The present article discusses figures of merits of presently used analytical methods and instrumentation, and attempts to critically assess their limitations. In Sections 2 and 3, mass spectrometric methods applied to precise stable isotope analysis and to the determination of 41Ca are described. Section 4 contains a short summary of selected applications, and includes tracer experiments and the potential use of biological isotope fractionation in medical studies, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic, and other terrestrial as well as extraterrestrial investigations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:685–716, 2010
Epigenetic inactivation of Homeobox A5 gene in nonsmall cell lung cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological features
Authors: Kim Dong‐Sun , Kim Min‐Jin , Lee Ji‐Yun , Lee Su‐Man , Choi Jun‐Young , Yoon Ghil‐Suk , Na Yeon‐Kyung , Hong Hae‐Sook , Kim Sang‐Geol , Choi Jin‐Eun , Lee Shin‐Yeop , Park Jae‐Yong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPromoter methylation is an important mechanism in gene silencing and is a key epigenetic event in cancer development. Homeobox A5 (HOXA5) is a master regulator of the morphogenesis and cell differentiation to be implicated as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer, but its role in lung cancer is still unknown. In this study, we have investigated the methylation status of the promoter region of the HOXA5 gene in nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) using nested and standard methylation‐specific PCR (MSP) and correlated the methylation status with clinicopathological features. With standard MSP analysis, HOXA5 methylation were found in 113 (81.3%) of 139 NSCLCs and 72 (51.8%) in their corresponding nonmalignant lung tissues. RT‐PCR and immunohistochemical analysis showed that HOXA5 methylation correlates with gene expression. Moreover, in the patients with stage I disease, HOXA5 methylation was more frequent in smokers than in never‐smokes (P = 0.01). There was no influence of HOXA5 methylation on survival in all NSCLCs or at stages II–IV. However, in the patients with stage I disease, HOXA5 methylation was associated with a borderline significantly worse survival (P = 0.09). These findings suggest that downregulation of the HOXA5 gene by aberrant promoter methylation occurs in the vast majority of NSCLCs and that it may play a role in the pathogenesis of NSCLC. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are required to evaluate the prognostic value of HOXA5 methylation in patients with stage I NSCLC. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of metabolite extraction strategies for 1H‐NMR‐based metabolic profiling using mature leaf tissue from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kaiser Kayla A. , Barding Gregory A. , Larive Cynthia K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMetabolite analysis is recognized as an important facet of systems biology, however complete metabolome characterization has not been realized due to challenges in sample preparation, inherent instrumental limitations and the labor intensive task of data interpretation. This work aims to compare several commonly used metabolite extraction strategies for their effect on the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolic profile of extracts of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Extractions were carried out on aliquots from a pool of homogenized plant tissue using CD3CN/D2O, buffered D2O, perchloric acid in D2O, CD3OD/D2O and CD3OD/D2O/CDCl3 as the extraction solvents. The effects of lyophilization as a sample pretreatment, solvent evaporation and extract fractionation for removal of interfering species were studied. Representative spectra are presented for qualitative interpretation. Analytical reproducibility was evaluated by principal components analysis. Perchloric acid facilitated acid‐catalyzed cleavage of sucrose, further complicating biological interpretation of the resulting metabolite profile. The solvent system CD3OD/D2O/CDCl3 gave the least reproducible results in our hands. D2O extracts suffered from poor stability probably due to contamination by soluble enzymes, which were not denatured in this solvent. CD3CN/D2O extracts showed greater stability than D2O alone, but problems were encountered due to degradation of 1H NMR spectral resolution during lengthy acquisitions due to partial phase separation. In addition, this solvent system produced spectra with significant contamination by lipids that obscured spectral regions containing the resonances of the aliphatic amino acids. These problems were solved by speedvacuuming the CD3CN/D2O extract and reconstituting in D2O solution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.