bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FGO-MFI: factor graph optimization-based multi-sensor fusion and integration for reliable localization
Authors: Zhu Jiaqi , Zhuo Guirong , Xia Xin , Wen Weisong , Xiong Lu , Leng Bo , Liu Wei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Reliable and precise information pertaining to the position, velocity, and attitude is essential for automated driving. This paper proposes FGO-MFI, a cost-effective and robust multi-sensor fusion and integration localization framework that utilizes factor graph optimization. Firstly, a tightly coupled Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)/on-board sensor fusion localization framework is established to estimate vehicle states, including position, velocity, and attitude. To address the large drift rate of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), this study introduces a novel IMU/Dynamics pre-integration method based on the vehicle dynamics model. We establish a two-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model utilizing measurements from the wheel speed sensor and steering wheel angle sensor. The IMU/Dynamics factor is devised through a close integration of the model output and IMU pre-integration, enabling the construction of precise odometry with low-cost on-board sensors. Then, to address the issue of the non-Gaussian distribution of GNSS pseudorange error, this paper employs a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to characterize the pseudorange noise, which is then applied to further sensor fusion. Given the time-varying nature of pseudorange noise, the expectation maximization algorithm is utilized to estimate GMM parameters online, leveraging the pseudorange residuals within a sliding window. Comprehensive experiments, inclusive of challenging scenarios such as urban canyons, tunnels, and wooded areas, have been carried out. They affirm the superior performance of the proposed method. Experiments have shown that our method demonstrates reliable localization across different statuses of GNSS signal, exhibiting a 39.4% improvement in the root mean square error of position error when compared to the state-of-the-art. Additionally, this FGO-MFI is a general sensor data fusion framework and is able to incorporate diverse sensor measurements, for example, from cameras and LiDARs to provide more reliable and accurate localization information.
An autonomous and high-accuracy gravity disturbance compensation scheme for rotary inertial navigation system
Authors: Yang Jie , Wang Xinlong , Wang Bin , Hu Xiaodong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With the increasing demands for long-endurance and high-accuracy inertial navigation system (INS), gravity disturbance has been identified as one of the major error sources with decisive effects on the performance of INS. To address the problem, this paper proposes an autonomous and high-accuracy gravity disturbance compensation scheme for rotary INS (RINS). The high-accuracy velocity measured by the laser Doppler velocimeter is fused with the angular velocity measured by the gyroscope to obtain navigation parameters, such as velocity, position and attitude, that are not affected by gravity disturbance. The navigation parameters independent of gravity disturbance are matched with the gravity disturbance-related navigation parameters output by RINS, and a measurement model containing gravity disturbance information is obtained. Besides, the intrinsic coupling relationship between gravity disturbance, gravity disturbance rate and gravity disturbance gradient is revealed, and a state-space model is established to accurately reflect the time-varying characteristics of gravity disturbance. Furthermore, the gravity disturbance is estimated and compensated in real-time through the optimal estimation algorithm. The results of vehicle experiments indicate that the gravity disturbance estimation precision of the proposed scheme is better than 2.15 mGal (1σ), and its horizontal position accuracy is better than 50 m at a driving distance of 80 km.
Automated measurement of smartphone screen scratches using visual methods
Authors: Zhao Baigan , Yao Jiannan , Yu Bolong , Zhang Xudong , Lv Bo , Zhang Yue 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Quantitative measurement of smartphone screen scratches is crucial for pricing in the used smartphone market. Traditional manual visual inspection methods suffer from inherent limitations, namely being labor-intensive, subjective, and prone to inaccuracy. Hence, this study proposes a vision-based measurement method as a viable solution to overcome these challenges. The algorithm uses the Hessian enhancement to extract scratch features, applies adaptive thresholding to distinguish features from the background, and employs morphological reconstruction to reconstruct complete scratches. The topological analysis splits and mergers intersecting scratches, enabling individual segmentation. Finally, four metrics for measuring screen scratches include length, brightness, contrast, and maximum width to quantitatively characterize the damage of screen scratches. Experiments showed that the proposed algorithm outperforms other vision-based methods, with an accuracy of 99.6% in estimating the scratch length and a running time of 43.7 ms, which fully meets the efficiency and accuracy requirements of industrial application.
A GPU based accelerated solver for simulation of heat transfer during metal casting process
Authors: Jayakumar Rahul , Rajan T P D , Savithri Sivaraman 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The metal casting process, which is one of the key drivers of the manufacturing industry, involves several physical phenomena occurring simultaneously like fluid flow, phase change, and heat transfer which affect the casting yield and quality. Casting process modeling involves numerical modeling of these phenomena on a computer. In recent decades, this has become an inevitable tool for foundry engineers to make defect-free castings. To expedite computational time graphics processing units (GPUs) are being increasingly used in the numerical modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow. Initially, in this work a CPU based implicit solver code is developed for solving the 3D unsteady energy equation including phase change numerically using finite volume method which predicts the thermal profile during solidification in the metal casting process in a completely filled mold. To address the computational bottleneck, which is identified as the linear algebraic solver based on the bi-conjugate gradient stabilized method, a GPU-based code is developed using Compute Unified Device Architecture toolkit and was implemented on the GPU. The CPU and GPU based codes are then validated against a commercial casting simulation code FLOW-3D CAST® for a simple casting part and against in-house experimental results for gravity die casting of a simple geometry. Parallel performance is analyzed for grid sizes ranging from 10 × 10 × 10 to 210 × 210 × 210 and for three time-step sizes. The performance of the GPU code based on occupancy and throughput is also investigated. The GPU code exhibits a maximum speedup of 308× compared to the CPU code for a grid size of 210 × 210 × 210 and a time-step size of 2 s.
Size effects on spinodal decomposition
Authors: Petsos George 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We examine the influence of grains size on the stability of polycrystalline coherent binary solid solutions. By assuming that the grains are isotropic, we find that the tendency for instability decreases as the radius of the grains decrease. We also find that a temperature-dependent critical grain radius exists below which the tendency for instability vanishes and the grains are stable, with respect to infinitesimal composition fluctuations, for any initial composition. We find that the critical grain radius decreases monotonically as the temperature decrease. If the radius of the grains is smaller than the minimum critical grain radius the grains are stable for any temperature and initial composition.
Optoelectronic and photocatalytic behaviour of a type-II GaAlS2/HfS2 heterostructure: ab initio study
Authors: Mehta Disha , Naik Yashasvi , Modi Nidhi , Parmar P R , Thakor P B 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Theoretical examination based on first principle computation has been conducted for van der Waals heterostructure (vdwHS) GaAlS2/HfS2 including structural, optoelectronic and photocatalytic characteristics. From the adhesion energy calculation, the AB configuration of GaAlS2/HfS2 vdwHS is the most stable. A type-II GaAlS2/HfS2 vdwHS is a dynamically and thermally stable structure. The band edge position, projected band, and projected charge densities verify the type-II alignment of GaAlS2/HfS2 vdwHS. For GaAlS2/HfS2, GaAlS2 is acting as a donor and HfS2 is acting as an acceptor ensured by the charge density difference plot. The electron localized function validates the weak van der Waals interaction between GaAlS2 and HfS2. The GaAlS2/HfS2 vdwHS possess an indirect bandgap of 1.54 eV with notable absorption in the visible range. The findings assure that the GaAlS2/HfS2 vdwHS is an efficient photocatalyst for pH 4–8. The band alignment of GaAlS2/HfS2 is suitable for Z-scheme charge transfer. The strain influenced band edge suggests that the GaAlS2/HfS2 vdwHS remains photocatalytic for strain

−
4
%

to

+
6
%

in both cases of uniaxial and biaxial strains.
An overview of ion-acoustic solitary and shock waves in a magnetized nonthermal plasma: influence of trapped positrons and electrons
Authors: Habib K , Hassan M R , Alam M S , Sultana S 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A magnetized nonthermal electron–positron-ion (e-p-i) plasma is considered to study the propagation properties of ion-acoustic solitary and shock waves in the presence of trapped positrons and electrons for the first time. The Schamel-κ (kappa) distribution function that describes plasma nonthermality and particle trapping is assumed to consider electrons and positrons. The diffusive effect of ion plasma fluid, which is responsible for shock dynamics, is taken into account. A nonlinear Schamel-Korteweg–de Vries-Burgers’ (SKdVB) equation is derived by employing the reductive perturbation approach, and the solitary and shock wave solutions of the SKdVB equation have also been derived for different limiting cases. It is found that only positive potential nonlinear structures (for both solitary and shock waves) are formed in the proposed plasma system. The condition for stable solitons in the absence of dissipation is analyzed, and the nature of arbitrary amplitude solitary waves (obtained via the Sagdeev potential approach) is discussed. It is found through theoretical and numerical investigation that different plasma compositional parameters (such as the trapping effect of electrons (β

e
) and positrons (β

p
), the obliquity effect (θ), electron-to-ion number density ratio (µ

e
), the magnetic field effect (via Ω) and the viscous effect (via η)) have a significant influence on the dynamics of ion-acoustic solitary and shock waves. The theoretical and numerical investigations in this study may be helpful in describing the nature of localized structures in different plasma contexts, e.g. space and astrophysical plasmas and experimental plasmas where electron–positron-ion plasmas exist.
Chasing the multi-modal plasma response in MAST-U
Authors: Munaretto S , Liu Y Q , Ryan D A , Hao G Z , Berkery J W , Blackmore S , Kogan L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Achieving edge localized modes (ELMs) suppression in spherical tokamaks by applying resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) has proven challenging. The poloidal spectrum of the applied RMP is a key parameter that has an impact on the capability to mitigate and eventually suppress ELMs. In this work the resistive magnetohydrodynamic code MARS-F (Liu et al 2000 Phys. Plasmas
7 3681) is used to evaluate the possibility of directly measuring the plasma response in MAST-U, and particularly its variation as function of the applied poloidal spectrum, in order to guide the experimental validation of the predicted best RMP configuration for ELM suppression. Toroidal mode number n = 2 RMP is considered to minimize the presence of sidebands, and to avoid the deleterious core coupling of n = 1. Singular Value Decomposition is used to highlight linearly independent structures in the simulated magnetic 3D fields and how those structures can be measured at the wall where the magnetic sensors are located. Alternative ways to measure the multimodal plasma response and how they can be used to infer the best RMP configuration to achieve ELM suppression are also presented, including the plasma displacement and the 3D footprints at the divertor plates.
The effect of divertor particle sources on scrape-off-layer turbulence
Authors: Xia Q , Moulton D , Omotani J , Militello F 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Tokamak edge turbulence is crucial for the cross-field transport of particles and energy away from the separatrix. A better understanding of what affects the turbulence helps to control the heat flux to the divertor targets and the wall. One potentially important factor is the ion particle source in the divertor, as the neutral pathways and the ionisation source distributions are different depending on the divertor geometry, e.g. vertical- and horizontal-target configurations. Numerically, how to represent the sources and mimic the effects on the SOL in the simulations is still an open question. In this paper, we use a 3D turbulence code STORM, based on drift-reduced Braginskii equations, to study the effects of the divertor particle source distribution on turbulence in a simplified 3D slab geometry. The results show that it requires a large amount of divertor particle source to be peaked near the separatrix to alter the heat flux deposited on the target in attached conditions. This large non-uniform particle source can locally enhance the turbulence in the divertor volume, which redistributes the energy flux to the target and reduces the maximum amplitude. Meanwhile, the plasma profiles evaluated at the outboard midplane, such as the amplitudes and fluctuations of the density and temperature, are marginally changed. Another consequence of our results is that the prediction of the temperature difference between the outboard midplane and the target would be underestimated, if the calculation only considers the conductive heat flux and ignores this enhanced cross-field transport in the divertor.
The influence of thermo-electromechanical coupling on the performance of lead-free BNT-PDMS piezoelectric composites
Authors: Akshayveer  , Buroni Federico C , Melnik Roderick , Rodriguez-Tembleque Luis , Saez Andres , Singh Sundeep 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In recent times, there have been notable advancements in haptic technology, particularly in screens found on mobile phones, laptops, light-emitting diode (LED) screens, and control panels. However, it is essential to note that the progress in high-temperature haptic applications is still in the developmental phase. Due to their complex phase and domain structures, lead-free piezoelectric materials such as

Bi

0.5

Na

0.5

TiO

3

(BNT)-based haptic technology behave differently at high temperatures than in ambient conditions. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the aspects of thermal management and thermal stability, as temperature plays a vital role in the phase and domain transition of BNT material. A two-dimensional thermo-electromechanical model has been proposed in this study to analyze the thermal stability of the BNT-PDMS composite by analyzing the impact of temperature on effective electromechanical properties and mechanical and electric field parameters. However, the thermo-electromechanical modelling of the BNT-PDMS composite examines the macroscopic effects of the applied thermal field on mechanical and electric field parameters, as phase change and microdomain dynamics are not considered in this model. This study analyzes the impact of thermo-electromechanical coupling on the performance of the BNT-PDMS composite compared to conventional electromechanical coupling. The results predicted a significant improvement in piezoelectric response compared to electromechanical coupling due to the increased thermoelectric effect in the absence of phase change and microdomain switching for temperature boundary conditions below depolarization temperature (

T
d

∼
200

∘

C for pure BNT material).
Design, modelling and experiments on a multisource energy harvester based on a single ferroelectric ceramic
Authors: Huang Jiahan , Jiang Chengbin , An Mingyi , Hu Pengfei , Xie YiYuan , Li Lingfeng , Chen Yu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Energy harvesting is a promising technique that can provide renewable and clean energy for the wireless sensor nodes. However, the solar, mechanical and thermal energies in our living environment are not always available due to the day/night, the weather and working conditions. Therefore, energy harvesting for a single energy source cannot provide a stable and continuous energy supply. Here, a multisource energy harvester based on a single material/structure (PLZT-Sb) is presented for scavenging solar, thermal, and mechanical energies simultaneously or individually. And then the output energy mathematical model is established and proved experimentally. The enhanced energy generations with the peak voltage of 1.9 kV and peak current of 200 nA are achieved by the unique integration of multi-effects, which can drive 139 LEDs. This work demonstrates an innovative approach for developing multisource energy harvester in a single ferroelectric material on the basis of the coupled multi-physics fields.
Necessary condition for information transfer under simulated parity-time-symmetric evolution
Authors: Lakkaraju Leela Ganesh Chandra , Mal Shiladitya , Sen (De) Aditi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Parity-time

(
P
T
)

symmetric quantum theory can broaden the scope of quantum dynamics beyond unitary evolution which may lead to numerous counter-intuitive phenomena, including single-shot discrimination of non-orthogonal states, faster evolution of state than the standard quantum speed limit, and violation of no-signaling principle. On the other hand,

P
T

-symmetric evolution can be realized as reduced dynamics of a subsystem in real experiments within the scope of standard QT. In this experimental setup, if one side of a composite system is evolved according to a

P
T

-symmetric way, a non-trivial information transfer can happen, i.e. the operation performed at one side can be gathered by the other side. By considering an arbitrary shared state between two parties situated in two distant locations and arbitrary measurements, we show that the

P
T

-symmetric evolution of the reduced subsystem at one side is not sufficient for this information transfer to occur. Specifically, we prove that the information transfer can only happen when the density matrix and the corresponding measurements contain complex numbers. Moreover, we connect the entanglement content of the shared state with the efficacy of information transfer. We find evidence that the task becomes more efficient with the increase of dimension.
Two port high gain and low mutual coupling dielectric resonator based array antenna for 5G mm-wave applications
Authors: Sikandar  , Dutta Kailash Pati , Tomar Geetam Singh , Katiyar Himanshu , Sharma Anand 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this communication, a two-port ceramic based array radiator at mm-wave frequency range is structured and analysed. 3-dB power divider based microstrip feed line is utilised to excite the rectangular aperture. The same aperture is used to feed the ceramic, which creates fundamental hybrid mode (HEM11δ
) inside the dielectric resonator. Feeding structure is designed on RT Duroid substrate having thickness 0.254 mm and permittivity 2.2. The length and width of the substrate is 60.0 mm and 30.0 mm respectively. Alumina material is used to design the ceramic having permittivity 9.8. The exclusive feature of the proposed antenna design is to get highly directional pattern along with high gain (more than 13.5 dBi) in mm-wave frequency range with the assistance of 1*4 array structure. Orthogonal orientation of antenna ports adds the polarization diversity concept, which in turns improve the isolation level more than 50 dB. Measured results confirm that the designed antenna works effectively in between 31.5–32.8 GHz. Broadside radiation pattern and good value of Envelop correlation coefficient (less than 0.1)/Diversity gain (10.0 dB) make the designed antenna employable for n257 frequency band of 5G mm-wave applications.
Core and halo properties in multi-field wave dark matter
Authors: van Dissel Fabio , Hertzberg Mark P. , Shapiro Jared 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this work, we compute multi-field core and halo properties in wave Dark Matter models. We focus on the case where Dark Matter consists of two light (real) scalars, interacting gravitationally. As in the single-field Ultra Light Dark Matter (ULDM) case, the scalar field behaves as a coherent BEC with a definite ground state (at fixed total mass), often referred to in the literature as a gravitational soliton. We establish an efficient algorithm to find the ground and excited states of such two-field systems. We then use simulations to investigate the gravitational collapse and virialization, starting from different initial conditions, into solitons and surrounding halo. As in the single-field case, a virialized halo forms with a gravitational soliton (ground state) at the center. We find some evidence for an empirical relation between the soliton mass and energy and those of the host halo. We use this to then find a numerical relation between the properties of the two. Finally, we use this to address the issue of alleviating some of the tensions that single-field ULDM has with observational data, in particular, the issue of how a galaxy's core and radius are related. We find that if galaxies of different masses have similar percentages of the two species, then the core-radius scaling tension is not addressed. However, more general possibilities occur if the relative abundance of species in each halo correlates with the total mass of the galaxy. If this is the case, the model predicts several other phenomenological signatures.
Integrated analysis of plasma rotation effect on HL-3 hybrid scenario
Authors: Xue 薛 Miao 淼 , Zheng 郑 Guo-Yao 国尧 , Xue 薛 Lei 雷 , Li 李 Jia-Xian 佳鲜 , Wang 王 Shuo 硕 , Du 杜 Hai-Long 海龙 , Zhu 朱 Yi-Ren 毅仁 , Zhou 周 Yue 月 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The hybrid scenario, which has good confinement and moderate MHD instabilities, is a proposed operation scenario for international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER). In this work, the effect of plasma rotation on the HL-3 hybrid scenario is analyzed with the integrated modeling framework OMFIT. The results show that toroidal rotation has no obvious effect on confinement with a high line averaged density of n
bar ∼ 7 × 1019 m−3. In this case, the ion temperature only changes from 4.7 keV to 4.4 keV with the rotation decreasing from 105 rad/s to 103 rad/s, which means that the turbulent heat transport is not dominant. While in the scenarios characterized by lower densities, such as n
bar ∼ 4 × 1019 m−3, turbulent transport becomes dominant in determining heat transport. The ion temperature rises from 3.8 keV to 6.1 keV in the core as the rotation velocity increases from 103 rad/s to 105 rad/s. Despite the ion temperature rising, the rotation velocity does not obviously affect electron temperature or density. Additionally, it is noteworthy that the variation in rotation velocity does not significantly affect the global confinement of plasma in scenarios with low density or with high density.