bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Legislation in the Russian Federation: A General Overview in Light of the WTO SPS Agreement and EU Principles of Food Safety
Authors: Black Robert , Kireeva Irina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article introduces the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules on sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and the European Union's policies and legislation that exemplify these rules. This forms the basis for examining primary Russian SPS legislation governing border controls and its relationship with legislative provisions on human, animal, and plant health and food safety. Specific Russsian primary federal laws (federal'nye zakony) covering veterinary medicine, plant health, food quality/safety, pesticides and agrochemicals, and technical regulations are compared with corresponding international conventions, norms, and standards and relevant legislation in the EU. Finally, general remarks are made about the Russian Federation's secondary legislation in the SPS area. Instances of non-compliance with international norms, found by the authors, may contribute to trade difficulties with other countries and likely will need to be addressed as part of Russia's negotiations to join the WTO and, also, to remove some of the difficulties in trade with the EU.
On stability and robust stability of positive linear Volterra equations in Banach lattices
Authors: Murakami Satoru , Ngoc Pham 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We study positive linear Volterra integro-differential equations in Banach lattices. A characterization of positive equations is given. Furthermore, an explicit spectral criterion for uniformly asymptotic stability of positive equations is presented. Finally, we deal with problems of robust stability of positive systems under structured perturbations. Some explicit stability bounds with respect to these perturbations are given.
Dipole and quadrupole surface plasmon resonance contributions in formation of near-field images of a gold nanosphere
Authors: Shopa M. , Kolwas K. , Derkachova A. , Derkachov G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMultipolar plasmon optical excitations at spherical gold nanoparticles and their manifestations in the particle images formatted in the particle surface proximity are studied. The multipolar plasmon size characteristic: plasmon resonance frequencies and plasmon damping rates were obtained within rigorous size dependent modelling. The realistic, frequency dependent dielectric function of a metal was used. The distribution of light intensity and of electric field radial component at the flat square scanning plane scattered by a gold sphere of radius 95 nm was acquired. The images resulted from the spatial distribution of the full mean Poynting vector including near-field radial components of the scattered electromagnetic field. Monochromatic images at frequencies close to and equal to the plasmon dipole and quadrupole resonance frequencies are discussed. The changes in images and radial components of the scattered electromagnetic field distribution at the scanning plane moved away from the particle surface from near-field to far-field region are discussed.
Patterning Colloidal Crystals and Nanostructure Arrays by Soft Lithography
Authors: Zhang Junhu , Yang Bai 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAs one of the most robust and versatile routes to fabricate ordered micro‐ and nanostructures, soft lithography has been extensively applied to pattern a variety of molecules, polymers, biomolecules, and nanomaterials. This paper provides an overview on recent developments employing soft lithography methods to pattern colloidal crystals and related nanostructure arrays. Lift‐up soft lithography and modified microcontact printing methods are applied to fabricate patterned and non‐close‐packed colloidal crystals with controllable lattice spacing and lattice structure. Combining selective etching, imprinting, and micromolding methods, these colloidal crystal arrays can be employed as templates for fabrication of nanostructure arrays. Realization of all these processes is favored by the solvent swelling, elasticity, thermodecomposition, and thermoplastic characteristics of polymer materials. Applications of these colloidal crystals and nanostructure arrays have also been explored, such as biomimetic antireflective surfaces, superhydrophobic coatings, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates, and so on.
Programmed High‐Hole‐Mobility Supramolecular Polymers from Disk‐Shaped Molecules
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ochi Kenji , Fujiki Michiya , Naito Masanobu , Ishikawa Masaaki , Kaneto Kei‐ichi , Takashima Wataru , Saeki Akinori , Seki Shu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper a simple, casting solution technique for the preparation of two‐dimensional (2D) arrays of very‐high molecular weight (MW) 1D‐Pc supramolecular inorganic polymers is described. The soluble fluoroaluminium tetra‐tert‐butylphthalocyanine (ttbPcAlF) is synthesized and characterized, which can be self‐assembled to form 2D arrays of very‐high‐MW 1D‐Pc supramolecular inorganic polymers. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) demonstrates that the 1D‐ttbPcAlF, having a cofacial ring spacing of ∼0.36 nm and an interchain distance of ∼1.7 nm, self‐assembles into 2D‐nanosheets (∼140 nm in length, ∼20 nm in width, and equivalent to MW of 3.2 × 105 g mol−1). The film cast from a 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE) solution shows a minimum hole‐mobility of ∼0.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature by flash‐photolysis time‐resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements and a fairly high dark dc‐conductivity of ∼1 × 10−3 S cm−1.
Higher Molecular Weight Leads to Improved Photoresponsivity, Charge Transport and Interfacial Ordering in a Narrow Bandgap Semiconducting Polymer
Authors: Tong Minghong , Cho Shinuk , Rogers James T. , Schmidt Kristin , Hsu Ben B. Y. , Moses Daniel , Coffin Robert C. , Kramer Edward J. , Bazan Guillermo C. , Heeger Alan J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIncreasing the molecular weight of the low‐bandgap semiconducting copolymer, poly[(4,4‐didoecyldithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]silole)‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)‐4,7‐diyl], Si‐PDTBT, from 9 kDa to 38 kDa improves both photoresponsivity and charge transport properties dramatically. The photocurrent measured under steady state conditions is 20 times larger in the higher molecular weight polymer (HMn Si‐PDTBT). Different decays of polarization memory in transient photoinduced spectroscopy measurements are consistent with more mobile photoexcitations in HMn Si‐PDTBT relative to the lower molecular weight counterpart (LMn Si‐PDTBT). Analysis of the current‐voltage characteristics of field effect transistors reveals an increase in the mobility by a factor of 700 for HMn Si‐PDTBT. Near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) measurements demonstrate that LMn Si‐PDTBT forms a disordered morphology throughout the depth of the film, whereas HMn Si‐PDTBT exhibits pronounced π‐π stacking in an edge‐on configuration near the substrate interface. Increased interchain overlap between polymers in the edge‐on configuration in HMn Si‐PDTBT results in the higher carrier mobility. The improved optical response, transport mobility, and interfacial ordering highlight the subtle role that the degree of polymerization plays on the optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymer based organic semiconductors.
Metal Nanoplates on Semiconductor Substrates
Authors: Sun Yugang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGrowth of anisotropic metal nanostructures with well‐defined shapes on large‐area semiconductor substrates represents a challenge to synthesize hybrid materials with complex functionalities. This Feature Article highlights the approach recently developed in our group for growing nanoplates made of noble metals (e.g., Ag, Pd, Au/Ag alloy) on semiconductor wafers (e.g., GaAs and Si), which are widely used in the semiconductor industry. In the typical syntheses, only the semiconductor wafers and pure aqueous solutions of metal precursors are involved in the reaction. The absence of surfactant molecules, organic solvents, catalysts, etc. in the syntheses makes this strategy suitable for the formation of metal/semiconductor hybrid materials with clean metal/semiconductor interfaces. The mechanism for the selective growth of metal nanoplates on semiconductor substrates is extensively discussed. The as‐grown metal nanoplates protrude out of the substrates to expose most of their surface areas to the surrounding environment, leading to be favorable for some applications, such as catalysis and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering.
Remotely Triggerable Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Timko Brian P. , Dvir Tal , Kohane Daniel S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTriggerable drug delivery systems enable on‐demand controlled release profiles that may enhance therapeutic effectiveness and reduce systemic toxicity. Recently, a number of new materials have been developed that exhibit sensitivity to visible light, near‐infrared (NIR) light, ultrasound, or magnetic fields. This responsiveness can be triggered remotely to provide flexible control of dose magnitude and timing. Here we review triggerable materials that range in scale from nano to macro, and are activated by a range of stimuli.
Solution combustion synthesis of metal nanopowders: Nickel—Reaction pathways
Authors: Kumar A. , Wolf E. E. , Mukasyan A. S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNanopowders of pure nickel were directly synthesized for the first time by conventional solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method. In this article, a specific reaction pathway is suggested to describe the metallic phase formation during SCS. It is proposed that the exothermic reaction between NH3 and HNO3 species formed during the decomposition of glycine and nickel nitrate acts as the source of energy required to achieve the self‐sustained reaction regime. A thermodynamic analysis of the combustion synthesis reaction indicates that increasing glycine concentration leads to establishing a hydrogen rich reducing environment in the combustion wave that in turn results in the formation of pure metals and metal alloys. TGA of reaction systems and XRD analysis of products in the quenched combustion wave show that the formation of oxide phases occurs in the reaction front, followed by gradual reduction of oxide to pure metallic phases in the postcombustion zone. A methodology for SCS of pure metals and metal alloys nanoparticles can be inferred from the results presented. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Stochastic pooling problem for natural gas production network design and operation under uncertainty
Authors: Li Xiang , Armagan Emre , Tomasgard Asgeir , Barton Paul I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractProduct quality and uncertainty are two important issues in the design and operation of natural gas production networks. This paper presents a stochastic pooling problem optimization formulation to address these two issues, where the qualities of the flows in the system are described with a pooling model and the uncertainty in the system is handled with a multi‐scenario, two‐stage stochastic recourse approach. In addition, multi‐objective problems are handled via a hierarchical optimization approach. The advantages of the proposed formulation are demonstrated with case studies involving an example system based on Haverly's pooling problem and a real industrial system. The stochastic pooling problem is a potentially large‐scale nonconvex Mixed‐Integer Nonlinear Program (MINLP), and a rigorous decomposition method developed recently is used to solve this problem. A computational study demonstrates the advantage of the decomposition method over a state‐of‐the‐art branch‐and‐reduce global optimizer, BARON. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Semisupervised Bayesian method for soft sensor modeling with unlabeled data samples
Authors: Ge Zhiqiang , Song Zhihuan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMost traditional soft sensors are built upon the labeled dataset that contains equal numbers of input and output data samples. However, the output variables that correspond to quality variables and other important controlled variables are always difficult to obtain in chemical processes. Therefore, we may only obtain the output data for a small portion of the whole dataset and have much more input data samples. In this article, a semisupervised method is proposed for soft sensor modeling, which can successfully incorporate the unlabeled data information. To determine the effective dimensionality of the latent space, the Bayesian regularization method is introduced into the semisupervised model structure. Two industrial application case studies are provided to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of the newly developed probabilistic soft sensor. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Fibrocystic disease of liver and pancreas; under‐recognized features of the X‐linked ciliopathy oral‐facial‐digital syndrome type 1 (OFD I)
Authors: Chetty‐John Shilpa , Piwnica‐Worms Katie , Bryant Joy , Bernardini Isa , Fischer Roxanne E. , Heller Theo , Gahl William A. , Gunay‐Aygun Meral 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOFD I is an X‐linked dominant male‐lethal ciliopathy characterized by prominent external features including oral clefts, hamartomas or cysts of the tongue, and digital anomalies. Although these external features are easy to recognize and often lead to diagnosis in early childhood, visceral findings in OFD I, especially the fibrocystic liver and pancreas disease, are under‐recognized. In addition, while the occurrence of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in OFD I is well known, few patients are evaluated and monitored for this complication. We report on two adult females diagnosed with OFD I in infancy, but not evaluated for visceral involvement. In adulthood, they were incidentally found to have severe hypertension and chronic renal insufficiency due to undiagnosed PKD. A pancreatic cystic lesion, also discovered incidentally, was thought to be malignant and led to consideration of major surgery. We present NIH evaluations, including documentation of OFD I mutations, extreme beading of the intrahepatic bile ducts, pancreatic cysts, and tabulate features of reported OFD I cases having hepatic, pancreatic, and renal cystic disease. Liver and pancreas are not routinely evaluated in OFD I patients. Increased awareness and lifelong monitoring of visceral complications, particularly involving the liver, pancreas, and kidney, are essential for timely and accurate treatment. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Cytokeratins in the Junctional Region of Ectoderm and Endoderm
Authors: Hosoya Akihiro , Kwak Sungwook , Kim Eun‐Jung , Lunny Declan Patrick , Birgitte Lane E. , Cho Sung‐Won , Jung Han‐Sung 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlthough tridermic species have two junctional regions of ectoderm and endoderm between their epidermis and digestive tract, we actually know little about these particular boundaries. Cytokeratins are the major intermediate filaments of epithelial cells and show a high degree of tissue specificity. Therefore, to characterize the epithelial cells in the junctional region of ectoderm and endoderm, we immunohistochemically examined the localization of cytokeratins 5, 7/17, 14, 18, Sox17, and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) in the oropharyngeal and anorectal regions during the mouse gastrulation process. At embryonic day (E) 9.5, cytokeratins 5, 7/17, 14, and 18 were detected in all epithelial cells of the oropharyngeal region. At E12.5, cytokeratin 5‐positive cells were not observed in the middle area of the oral cavity; however, the immunoreactivity was strong in the anterior and posterior areas. The immunoreaction of cytokeratins 18 was seen only in the middle and posterior areas of the oral mucosa. Cytokeratins 7/17 and 14 were localized in all areas of the oropharyngeal region. Sox17 and AFP, which are endodermal markers, were detected in the middle and posterior areas of the oral mucosa, but not in the anterior area. Moreover, this same localization pattern of cytokeratins also existed in the anorectal region of the E12.5 embryo, suggesting that the localization of cytokeratins and endodermal markers might give an implication for the boundary between ectoderm and endoderm. These results also suggest that these cytokeratins are useful molecules for monitoring the epithelial cell differentiation in the junctional region of the germ layers. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ontogeny of the Kidney and Renal Developmental Markers in the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca Mulatta)
Authors: Batchelder Cynthia A. , Lee C. Chang I. , Martinez Michele L. , Tarantal Alice F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNonhuman primates share many developmental similarities with humans, thus they provide an important preclinical model for understanding the ontogeny of biomarkers of kidney development and assessing new cell‐based therapies to treat human disease. To identify morphological and developmental changes in protein and RNA expression patterns during nephrogenesis, immunohistochemistry and quantitative real‐time PCR were used to assess temporal and spatial expression of WT1, Pax2, Nestin, Synaptopodin, alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Gremlin. Pax2 was expressed in the condensed mesenchyme surrounding the ureteric bud and in the early renal vesicle. WT1 and Nestin were diffusely expressed in the metanephric mesenchyme, and expression increased as the Pax2‐positive condensed mesenchyme differentiated. The inner cleft of the tail of the S‐shaped body contained the podocyte progenitors (visceral epithelium) that were shown to express Pax2, Nestin, and WT1 in the early second trimester. With maturation of the kidney, Pax2 expression diminished in these structures, but was retained in cells of the parietal epithelium, and as WT1 expression was upregulated. Mature podocytes expressing WT1, Nestin, and Synaptopodin were observed from the mid‐third trimester through adulthood. The developing glomerulus was positive for α‐SMA (vascular smooth muscle) and Gremlin (mesangial cells), CD31 (glomerular endothelium), and VEGF (endothelium), and showed loss of expression of these markers as glomerular maturation was completed. These data form the basis for understanding nephrogenesis in the rhesus monkey and will be useful in translational studies that focus on embryonic stem and other progenitor cell populations for renal tissue engineering and repair. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic Models of Serotonin (5‐HT) Depletion: What do They Tell Us About the Developmental Role of 5‐HT?
Authors: Trowbridge Sara , Narboux‐Nême Nicolas , Gaspar Patricia 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA large number of hyposerotonergic genetic models have been generated over the past few years. Serotonin (5‐HT) depletion has been obtained via targeting of genes involved in 5‐HT synthesis (Tph1 and Tph2), specification and determination of the 5‐HT phenotype during development (GATA3, Pet1, and Lmx1b), and 5‐HT storage or clearance (Vmat2 and SERT). Here we review these various models from a developmental perspective, beginning with a description of the sources of 5‐HT during development. We then summarize the neurological and behavioral alterations that have been observed in the genetic hyposerotonergic models. Although these models appear to have normal brain development and do not exhibit any gross morphological defects, problems in somatic growth and physiological functions have been observed. Abnormal adult behavior is also seen, although whether it results from depletion of 5‐HT during development or functional 5‐HT deficiencies in adult life remains unclear. Evidence from these hyposerotonergic models suggests that the developing brain may not need 5‐HT for the establishment of general organization and structure. However, central 5‐HT appears to be necessary for postnatal body growth, maturation of respiratory and vegetative control, and possibly for the development of normal adult behavior. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypersensitive‐Like Response to the Pore‐Former Peptaibol Alamethicin in Arabidopsis Thaliana
Authors: Rippa Sonia , Eid Marguerita , Formaggio Fernando , Toniolo Claudio , Béven Laure 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures, the peptaibol alamethicin induced a form of active cell death that was associated with cell shrinkage and DNA fragmentation. The transfer of mature A. thaliana plants from a peptide‐free medium to a medium containing a moderate concentration of alamethicin caused the development of lesions in leaves after a few days. These lesions were characterized by cell death, deposition of callose, production of autofluorescent phenolic compounds, and transcription of defense genes, just like in the hypersensitive response to a pathogen attack. The induction of defense‐like responses in Arabidopsis by other membrane‐disrupting peptides was also evaluated. The peptides selected for comparison included the natural antimicrobial melittin and the peptaibol ampullosporin A, as well as synthetic analogues of the peptaibols cervinin and trichogin. The response amplitude in A. thaliana increased with the peptaibol's ability to permeabilize biological membranes through a pore‐forming mechanism and was strongly associated with their content in the helicogenic α‐aminoisobutyric acid residue.
Molecular typing of epithelial ovarian carcinomas using inflammatory markers
Authors: Ali‐Fehmi Rouba , Semaan Assaad , Sethi Sima , Arabi Haitham , Bandyopadhyay Sudeshna , Hussein Yaser R. , Diamond Michael P. , Saed Ghasan , Morris Robert T. , Munkarah Adnan R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Ovarian epithelial carcinomas have recently been classified as slow growing type I tumors and rapidly growing highly aggressive type II tumors. The present study sought to molecularly characterize type I and II tumors using known molecular markers.METHODS:Specimens from 213 patients with ovarian carcinoma were categorized as type I or type II, and evaluated by immunohistochemistry for the inflammatory markers glucose transporter protein‐1 (Glut‐1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase‐1 (COX‐1), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and nuclear factor kappa B. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate whether these molecular markers could distinguish between type I and type II tumors. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and COX regression analysis were used to determine the prognostic effect of these markers on survival in the 2 types of tumors.RESULTS:Overexpression of COX‐1, COX‐2, iNOS, and Glut‐1 was significantly higher in type II tumors (P < .05). Women with type II tumors had a poorer median survival (60 months) as compared with those with type I tumors (141 months) (P = .0001). Multivariate analysis revealed type II tumors, late stage, and age >60 years as significant predictors of poor survival. For type II tumors, median survival of patients with tumors overexpressing COX‐2 was 44 compared with 85 months for those with tumors with low COX‐2 expression (P = .029). Looking at both type I and II tumors, the number of markers simultaneously overexpressed in each tumor was a significant predictor of poor patient survival (P = .005).CONCLUSIONS:The present study demonstrates that the new proposed histologic classification of ovarian epithelial carcinomas correlates with a distinct expression of inflammatory pathway proteins. High expression of these markers may explain the different biologic behavior of these 2 tumor types and provide targets for therapy. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.