bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current practices in treatment of female genital fistula: a cross sectional study
Authors: Arrowsmith Steven D , Ruminjo Joseph , Landry Evelyn G 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Maternal outcomes in most countries of the developed world are good. However, in many developing/resource-poor countries, maternal outcomes are bleaker: Every year, more than 500,000 women die in childbirth, mostly in resource-poor countries. Those who survive often suffer from severe and long-term morbidities. One of the most devastating injuries is obstetric fistula, occurring most often in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Fistula treatment and care are available in many countries across Africa and Asia, but there is a lack of reliable data around clinical factors associated with the success of fistula repair surgery. Most published research has been retrospective. While these studies have provided useful information about the care and treatment of fistula, they are limited by the design. This study was designed to identify practices in care that could lead to the design of prospective and randomized controlled trials.

Methods
Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 40 surgeons known to provide fistula treatment services in Africa and Asia at private and government hospitals. The questionnaire was divided into three parts to address the following issues: prophylactic use of antibiotics before, during, and after fistula surgery; urethral catheter management; and management practices for patients with urinary incontinence following fistula repair.

Results
The results provide a glimpse into current practices in fistula treatment and care across a wide swath of geographic, economic, and organizational considerations. There is consensus in treatment in some areas (routine use of prophylactic antibiotics, limited bed rest until the catheter is removed, nonsurgical treatment for postsurgical incontinence), while there are wide variations in practice in other areas (duration of catheter use, surgical treatments for postsurgical incontinence). These findings are based on a small sample and do not allow for recommending changes in clinical care, but they point to issues for possible clinical trial research that would contribute to more efficient and effective fistula care.

Conclusions
The findings from the survey allowed us to consider clinical practices most influential in the cost, efficacy, and safety of fistula treatment. These considerations led us to formulate recommendations for eight randomized controlled trials on the following subjects: 1) Efficacy/safety of short-term catheterization; 2) efficacy of surgical and nonsurgical therapies for urinary incontinence; 3) technical measures during fistula repair to reduce the incidence of post-surgery incontinence; 4) identification of predictive factors for "incurable fistula"; 5) usefulness of urodynamic studies in the management of urinary incontinence; 6) incidence and significance of multi-drug resistant bacteria in the fistula population; 7) primary management of small, new fistulas by catheter drainage; and 8) antibiotic prophylaxis in fistula repair.
Epigenetic inactivation of the NORE1gene correlates with malignant progression of colorectal tumors
Authors: Lee Chang Kyun , Lee Jin-Hee , Lee Min-Goo , Jeong Seong-In , Ha Tae-Kyu , Kang Min-Ju , Ryu Byung-Kyu , Hwangbo Young , Shim Jae-Jun , Jang Jae Young , Lee Kil Yeon , Kim Hyo Jong , Chi Sung-Gil 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
NORE1 (RASSF5) is a newly described member of the RASSF family with Ras effector function. NORE1 expression is frequently inactivated by aberrant promoter hypermethylation in many human cancers, suggesting that NORE1 might be a putative tumor suppressor. However, expression and mutation status of NORE1 and its implication in colorectal tumorigenesis has not been evaluated.

Methods
Expression, mutation, and methylation status of NORE1A and NORE1B in 10 cancer cell lines and 80 primary tumors were characterized by quantitative PCR, SSCP, and bisulfite DNA sequencing analyses. Effect of NORE1A and NORE1B expression on tumor cell growth was evaluated using cell number counting, flow cytometry, and colony formation assays.

Results
Expression of NORE1A and NORE1B transcript was easily detectable in all normal colonic epithelial tissues, but substantially decreased in 7 (70%) and 4 (40%) of 10 cancer cell lines and 31 (38.8%) and 25 (31.3%) of 80 primary carcinoma tissues, respectively. Moreover, 46 (57.6%) and 38 (47.5%) of 80 matched tissue sets exhibited tumor-specific reduction of NORE1A and NORE1B, respectively. Abnormal reduction of NORE1 was more commonly observed in advanced stage and high grade tumors compared to early and low grade tumors. While somatic mutations of the gene were not identified, its expression was re-activated in all low expressor cells after treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-dC. Bisulfite DNA sequencing analysis of 31 CpG sites within the promoter region demonstrated that abnormal reduction of NORE1A is tightly associated with promoter CpG sites hypermethylation. Moreover, transient expression and siRNA-mediated knockdown assays revealed that both NORE1A and NORE1B decrease cellular growth and colony forming ability of tumor cells and enhance tumor cell response to apoptotic stress.

Conclusion
Our data indicate that epigenetic inactivation of NORE1 due to aberrant promoter hypermethylation is a frequent event in colorectal tumorigenesis and might be implicated in the malignant progression of colorectal tumors.
mTOR signaling is activated by FLT3 kinase and promotes survival of FLT3- mutated acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Chen Weina , Drakos Elias , Grammatikakis Ioannis , Schlette Ellen J , Li Jiang , Leventaki Vasiliki , Staikou-Drakopoulou Efi , Patsouris Efstratios , Panayiotidis Panayiotis , Medeiros L Jeffrey , Rassidakis George Z 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Activating mutations of the FLT3 gene mediate leukemogenesis, at least in part, through activation of PI3K/AKT. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-Raptor signaling pathway is known to act downstream of AKT. Here we show that the mTOR effectors, 4EBP1, p70S6K and rpS6, are highly activated in cultured and primary FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Introduction of FLT3-ITD expressing constitutively activated FLT3 kinase further activates mTOR and its downstream effectors in BaF3 cells. We also found that mTOR signaling contributes to tumor cell survival, as demonstrated by pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, or total silencing of the mTOR gene. Furthermore, inhibition of FLT3 kinase results in downregulation of mTOR signaling associated with decreased survival of FLT3-mutated AML cells. These findings suggest that mTOR signaling operates downstream of activated FLT3 kinase thus contributing to tumor cell survival, and may represent a promising therapeutic target for AML patients with mutated-FLT3.
Interleukin-13 receptor α2 DNA prime boost vaccine induces tumor immunity in murine tumor models
Authors: Nakashima Hideyuki , Fujisawa Toshio , Husain Syed R , Puri Raj K 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundDNA vaccines represent an attractive approach for cancer treatment by inducing active T cell and B cell immune responses to tumor antigens. Previous studies have shown that interleukin-13 receptor α2 chain (IL-13Rα2), a tumor-associated antigen is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy as high levels of IL-13Rα2 are expressed on a variety of human tumors. To enhance the effectiveness of DNA vaccine, we used extracellular domain of IL-13Rα2 (ECDα2) as a protein-boost against murine tumor models.MethodsWe have developed murine models of tumors naturally expressing IL-13Rα2 (MCA304 sarcoma, 4T1 breast carcinoma) and D5 melanoma tumors transfected with human IL-13Rα2 in syngeneic mice and examined the antitumor activity of DNA vaccine expressing IL-13Rα2 gene with or without ECDα2 protein mixed with CpG and IFA adjuvants as a boost vaccine.ResultsMice receiving IL-13Rα2 DNA vaccine boosted with ECDα2 protein were superior in exhibiting inhibition of tumor growth, compared to mice receiving DNA vaccine alone, in both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine settings. In addition, prime-boost vaccination significantly prolonged the survival of mice compared to DNA vaccine alone. Furthermore, ECDα2 booster vaccination increased IFN-γ production and CTL activity against tumor expressing IL-13Rα2. The immunohistochemical analysis showed the infiltration of CD4 and CD8 positive T cells and IFN-γ-induced chemokines (CXCL9 and CXCL10) in regressing tumors of immunized mice. Finally, the prime boost strategy was able to reduce immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen and tumor of vaccinated mice.ConclusionThese results suggest that immunization with IL-13Rα2 DNA vaccine followed by ECDα2 boost mixed with CpG and IFA adjuvants inhibits tumor growth in T cell dependent manner. Thus our results show an enhancement of efficacy of IL-13Rα2 DNA vaccine with ECDα2 protein boost and offers an exciting approach in the development of new DNA vaccine targeting IL-13Rα2 for cancer immunotherapy.
Concomitant heterochromatinisation and down-regulation of gene expression unveils epigenetic silencing of RELBin an aggressive subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in males
Authors: Marteau Jean-Brice , Rigaud Odile , Brugat Thibaut , Gault Nathalie , Vallat Laurent , Kruhoffer Mogens , Orntoft Torben F , Nguyen-Khac Florence , Chevillard Sylvie , Merle-Beral Hélène , Delic Jozo 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
The sensitivity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to current treatments, both in vitro and in vivo, relies on their ability to activate apoptotic death. CLL cells resistant to DNA damage-induced apoptosis display deregulation of a specific set of genes.

Methods
Microarray hybridization (Human GeneChip, Affymetrix), immunofluorescent in situ labeling coupled with video-microscopy recording/analyses, chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP), polymerase chain reactions (PCR), real-time quantitative PCR (RT-QPCR) and bisulfite genome sequencing were the main methods applied. Statistical analyses were performed by applying GCRMA and SAM analysis (microarray data) and Student's t-test or Mann & Whitney's U-test.

Results
Herein we show that, remarkably, in a resistant male CLL cells the vast majority of genes were down-regulated compared with sensitive cells, whereas this was not the case in cells derived from females. This gene down-regulation was found to be associated with an overall gain of heterochromatin as evidenced by immunofluorescent labeling of heterochromatin protein 1α (HP-1), trimethylated histone 3 lysine 9 (3metH3K9), and 5-methylcytidine (5metC). Notably, 17 genes were found to be commonly deregulated in resistant male and female cell samples. Among these, RELB was identified as a discriminatory candidate gene repressed in the male and upregulated in the female resistant cells.

Conclusion
The molecular defects in the silencing of RELB involve an increase in H3K9- but not CpG-island methylation in the promoter regions. Increase in acetyl-H3 in resistant female but not male CLL samples as well as a decrease of total cellular level of RelB after an inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) by trichostatin A (TSA), further emphasize the role of epigenetic modifications which could discriminate two CLL subsets. Together, these results highlighted the epigenetic RELB silencing as a new marker of the progressive disease in males.
Hombres Sanos: Evaluation of a Social Marketing Campaign for Heterosexually Identified Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men and Women
Authors: Martínez-Donate Ana P. , Zellner Jennifer A. , Sañudo Fernando , Fernandez-Cerdeño Araceli , Hovell Melbourne F. , Sipan Carol L. , Engelberg Moshe , Carrillo Hector 
Published: November 2010

Objectives. We evaluated the effectiveness of Hombres Sanos [Healthy Men] a social marketing campaign to increase condom use and HIV testing among heterosexually identified Latino men, especially among heterosexually identified Latino men who have sex with men and women (MSMW). Methods. Hombres Sanos was implemented in northern San Diego County, California, from June 2006 through December 2006. Every other month we conducted cross-sectional surveys with independent samples of heterosexually identified Latino men before (n = 626), during (n = 752), and after (n = 385) the campaign. Respondents were randomly selected from 12 targeted community venues to complete an anonymous, self-administered survey on sexual practices and testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. About 5.6% of respondents (n = 98) were heterosexually identified Latino MSMW. Results. The intervention was associated with reduced rates of recent unprotected sex with both females and males among heterosexually identified Latino MSMW. The campaign was also associated with increases in perception of HIV risk, knowledge of testing locations, and condom carrying among heterosexual Latinos. Conclusions. Social marketing represents a promising approach for abating HIV transmission among heterosexually identified Latinos, particularly for heterosexually identified Latino MSMW. Given the scarcity of evidence-based HIV prevention interventions for these populations, this prevention strategy warrants further investigation.
Declining Child Mortality and Continuing Racial Disparities in the Era of the Medicaid and SCHIP Insurance Coverage Expansions
Authors: Howell Embry , Decker Sandy , Hogan Sara , Yemane Alshadye , Foster Jonay 
Published: November 2010

Objectives. We investigated trends in national childhood mortality, racial disparities in child mortality, and the effect of Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) eligibility expansions on child mortality. Methods. We analyzed child mortality by state, race, and age using the National Center for Health Statistics’ multiple cause of death files over 20 years, from 1985 to 2004. Results. Child mortality continued to decline in the United States, but racial disparities in mortality remained. Declines in child mortality (ages 1–17 years) were substantial for both natural (disease-related) and external (injuries, homicide, and suicide) causes for children of all races/ethnicities, although Black–White mortality ratios remained unchanged during the study period. Expanded Medicaid and SCHIP eligibility was significantly related to the decline in external-cause mortality; the relationship between natural-cause mortality and Medicaid or SCHIP eligibility remains unclear. Eligibility expansions did not affect relative racial disparities in child mortality. Conclusions. Although the study provides some evidence that public insurance expansions reduce child mortality, future research is needed on the effect of new health insurance on child health and on factors causing relative racial disparities.
Derrida and Formal Logic: Formalising the Undecidable
Authors: Livingston Paul 
Published: November 2010

Derrida's key concepts or pseudo-concepts of différance, the trace, and the undecidable suggest analogies to some of the most significant results of formal, symbolic logic and metalogic. As early as 1970, Derrida himself pointed out an analogy between his use of ‘undecidable’ and Gödel's incompleteness theorems, which demonstrate the existence, in any sufficiently complex and consistent system, of propositions which cannot be proven or disproven (i.e., decided) within that system itself. More recently, Graham Priest has interpreted différance as an instance of the general metalogical procedure of diagonalisation.In this essay, I consider the extent to which Derrida's key terms and the essential operations of deconstruction can be formalised. I argue that, if formalisation is indeed the technique of writing par excellence, then the formalisation of deconstructive concepts tends to show how the auto-deconstruction of total systems arises from the problematic possibility of writing itself. For instance, since diagonalisation permits the ‘arithmetisation of syntax’ whereby a formal system is able to formulate claims about its own logico-grammatical properties, we can understand its potential to inscribe the undecidable within the systematicity of language as simply one instance of the potential of writing, in figuring itself, to render inscrutable the trace of its own origin.
Les doubles, le miroir et la création.
Authors: Lhomelet-Chapellière Sophie 
Published: November 2010

Frida Kahlo a proposé un travail fort et touchant où apparaît la part irréductible de toute vraie création. L’article présente une évocation des pensées autour du double, de ce que certains psychanalystes nomment « travail en double », au sujet d’un art autobiographique fait de miroirs aux facettes et temporalités multiples, mémoire d’immédiateté et d’unité. Cet art fait l’éloge de la durée, durée agissante retrouvée après les temps traumatiques : à travers la succession des toiles, l’artiste mexicaine semble réunifier son être après l’enchaînement de traumatismes qui affectent corps et psyché, permettant d’aborder les rapports complexes qu’entretiennent narcissisme et objectalité. Frida, de force et de fragilité : qualités d’une femme qui rassemble son être, un temps épars, grâce au visage, au regard qu’elle peint sans relâche, et donne à voir une recomposition incessante et irréductible du passé, celui-là même ou s’enracinent et l’enfance et l’art.
Figures du double et du différent en périnatalité
Authors: Darchis Élisabeth 
Published: November 2010

La présence du double est importante en périnatalité et elle s’actualise dans des rituels lors des naissances : double placentaire ou ombilical, mais aussi ressemblances qui relient le présent au passé. Cette figure ne va pas sans la nécessité aussi du différent qui sépare et distingue les êtres et les générations. Dans le temps de passage périnatal, la famille se relie à du familier dans « du même », pour mieux se séparer et se différencier ensuite « comme autre ». Sortir de l’effet de dédoublement permettra la différenciation entre soi et l’autre, entre le nouveau groupe familial et l’ancien. Parfois la reprise du matériel ancien familial est entravée et la périnatalité reste un temps d’indifférenciation des corps et des psychés. Alors l’enfant reste comme un double du parent dans la confusion des générations.
Le double et le groupe
Authors: Chapellière Hervé 
Published: November 2010

À partir d’une réflexion en forme de trilogie – le rapport entre Freud, ses doubles, et la création de son groupe viennois ; la présence de jumeaux et de mannequins dans le Théâtre de la mort du dramaturge Tadeusz Kantor ; l’émergence de figures spéculaires dans les psychothérapies de groupes d’enfants et d’adolescents –, l’auteur tentera d’aborder les liens qui unissent la question du double et du groupe. Entre dégagement du lien primaire, passage entre soi et l’autre, travail de deuil et tentative d’élaboration du fraternel et du générationnel.
Secrets de famille et deuil impossible
Authors: Chérifi Zahia 
Published: November 2010

À partir d’entretiens individuels, nous avons recueilli le discours d’un homme « en deuil », deuil lié à sa maladie – le diabète, maladie chronique –, deuil de son épouse décédée d’un cancer deux ans auparavant, deuil de toute une famille aux prises avec des secrets transmis d’une génération à l’autre. Ces transmissions transgénérationnelles participeraient à rendre difficile, voire impossible, tout processus de deuil.
Le social sous toutes ses facettes
Authors: Ogez Émilie , Castagnac Gilles , Motta Valerio , Bourcet Emmanuel , Candellier Ludovic , Maubon Grégory , Barthélémi Stéphanie , Guilbaud Elisabeth , Roumieux Olivier 
Published: November 2010

Abstract À quoi peut bien servir un réseau social ? La deuxième partie de ce dossier est consacrée aux usages en présentant de nombreux cas d’utilisation : que ce soit au service de la mobilité professionnelle et de la recherche d'emploi, du travail de terrain de militants politiques, du dynamisme économique d'une région ou encore d'une association de professionnels de l'information, les réseaux sociaux commencent à faire leurs preuves. Sommaire de cette deuxième partie : Les usages se diversifient dans les organisations , par Émilie Ogez. Le chemin de l’Irma, de l’annuaire au réseau social , par Gilles Castagnac. Coopains et militants du PS dans le même réseau social , par Valerio Motta. Kinorezo multiplie les connexions dans la filière culturelle , par Emmanuel Bourcet. Pic@ssos tend sa toile aux associations picardes , par Ludovic Candellier. Ecobiz, le réseau social d’entrepreneurs , par Grégory Maubon et Stéphanie Barthélémi. Une communauté au service de la mobilité professionnelle , par Élisabeth Guilbaud. ADBS : un réseau social au service du projet associatif , par Olivier Roumieux.
Des outils pour toutes les plateformes
Authors: Séguin Bruno Louis , Henrard Jean-Christophe , Basset Hervé , Collette Fabrice 
Published: November 2010

Resumen Si les usages des réseaux sociaux décollent, c'est parce qu'une offre de logiciels stables et crédibles s'est constituée. C'est une offre à géométrie variable, que présente le troisième pôle de ce dossier. Si le poids lourd Microsoft doit cette année attirer l'attention avec une version 2010 de Sharepoint entièrement repensée autour du concept de réseaux sociaux, beaucoup d'autres solutions, libres ou pas, ont fait leur apparition. Et, si déployer un réseau social à l'échelle de l'entreprise demande évidemment une sérieuse méthodologie projet, d'autres solutions plus modestes s'installent et s'apprivoisent en quelques heures. Sommaire de cette troisième partie : Gérer un projet de réseau social : guide méthodologique , par Bruno-Louis Séguin. Des outils pour monter un réseau social : l’offre actuelle , par Jean-Christophe Henrard. 2010, l’année SharePoint , par Hervé Basset. Elgg, un logiciel libre dans le monde des réseaux sociaux , par Fabrice Colette. Créer son réseau social privé en un quart d’heure , par Bruno Louis Séguin
Le général gambiez et les catholiques vietnamiens pendant la guerre d'indochine
Authors: Latour Francis 
Published: November 2010

Résumé Les rapports entre catholiques vietnamiens et Français durant la guerre d’Indochine furent fort ambigus. Le colonel puis général Gambiez eut à composer avec cette réalité très complexe en tant qu’officier de terrain pendant les hostilités, puis en tant que chargé de l’accueil des réfugiés catholiques tonkinois au Sud-Vietnam après les accords de Genève de 1954. Il fut constamment confronté au problème posé par des communautés catholiques partagées entre leur anticommunisme et leurs sentiments antifrançais.
Souvenirs de résistance en allemagne
Authors: Piatier Henri 
Published: November 2010

Résumé Henri Piatier raconte les conditions dans lesquelles il a travaillé dans des laboratoires allemands avec l’accord de Frédéric Joliot et de Louis Leprince-Ringuet pendant une partie de sa captivité et comment il a pu prendre une part active à des activités de résistance avec l’aide et l’amitié de Paul Rosbaud le directeur scientifique de l’éditeur allemand Springer-Verlag.