bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rising environmental temperatures and biogeography: poleward range contraction of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis L., in the western Atlantic
Authors: Jones Sierra J. , Lima Fernando P. , Wethey David S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim  We tested whether the contraction of the equatorward boundary of an intertidal organism, the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, was due to high summer temperatures limiting mortality.Location  The Atlantic coast of the United States.Methods  Field transplant experiments were conducted at three locations along the US Atlantic coast. Survival and heat shock protein 70 expression were determined at biweekly intervals. Air and water temperature profiles were used to model current and historical patterns of mortality, and to determine rates of temperature change.Results  High levels of mortality and expression of the inducible heat shock protein 70 were observed after multiple consecutive aerial exposures of 32 °C or greater. Since 1960, seasonal air and water temperatures have increased along the eastern US seaboard, and south of Lewes, DE (38.8° N) summer sea surface temperature increases have exceeded the upper lethal limits of this organism.Main conclusions  Along the southern portion of its range, intertidal populations of M. edulis have experienced catastrophic mortality directly associated with summer high temperatures. Over the past 50 years, a geographic contraction of the southern, equatorward range edge of M. edulis has occurred, shifting the range edge approximately 350 km north of the previous limit at Cape Hatteras, NC (35.2° N).
Redesigned community postpartum care to prevent and treat postpartum depression in women – a one‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Glavin Kari , Smith Lars , Sørum Ragnhild , Ellefsen Bodil 
Published: August 2010

Aim.  To investigate the effect of a redesigned follow‐up care programme on prevention and treatment of postpartum depression.Background.  Postpartum depression may have negative consequences on child development, maternal health and the relationship between parents. Early identification and treatment might prevent longer‐term depression.Design.  A quasi‐experimental post‐test design with non‐equivalent groups.Method.  The study population was postpartum women with a live‐born child, residing in one of two municipalities in Norway. A total of 2247 women were enrolled: 1806 in the experimental municipality and 441 in the comparison municipality. Public health nurses (26) in the experimental municipality were trained to identify postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and clinical assessment and to provide supportive counselling.Measurements.  The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at six weeks, three, six and 12 months postpartum and the Parenting Stress Index at 12 months postpartum.Results.  The redesigned postpartum care programme yielded a significant group difference in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score at six weeks (p < 0·01), odds ratio (OR) 0·6, three months (p < 0·01), OR 0·4, six months (p < 0·01), OR 0·5 and 12 months postpartum (p < 0·01), OR 0·6. Women who had been depressed at least once during the first postpartum year reported significantly higher levels of parenting stress at 12 months.Conclusion.  The findings of this study suggest that redesigned postpartum care comprising training of health professionals, increased focus on mental health problems and support for the parents is a useful approach to managing postpartum depression in the community.Relevance to clinical practice.  Public health nurses are well positioned to identify and treat depressed mothers and provide referrals when needed. A small investment in training nurses to identify and treat postpartum depression can be cost‐effective in the longer term. These findings have implications for service delivery in public health.
Scale dependence of effective specialization: its analysis and implications for estimates of global insect species richness
Authors: Gering Jon C. , DeRennaux Kelly A. , Crist Thomas O. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTEstimates of global insect species richness are sometimes based on effective specialization, a calculation used to estimate the number of insect species that is restricted to a particular tree species. Yet it is not clear how effective specialization is influenced by spatial scale or characteristics of the insect community itself (e.g. species richness). We investigated scale dependence and community predictors of effective specialization using 15,907 beetles (583 species) collected by insecticide fogging from the crowns of 96 trees (including 32 Quercus trees) located in Ohio and Indiana. Trees were distributed across 24 forest stands (∼1 ha) nested within six sites (∼10–100 km2) and two ecoregions (> 1000 km2). Using paired‐sample randomization tests, we found that effective specialization (fk) exhibited negative scale‐dependence in early (May–June 2000) and late (August–September 2000) sampling periods. Our average effective specialization (F) values — those that are comparable to Erwin's (1982) estimates — ranged from 19% to 97%, and increased as spatial scale decreased. We also found that beetle species richness and the number of shared beetle species across host trees were significant and consistent negative predictors of F. This shows that increases in spatial scale, species richness, and the number of trees (and/or tree species) all coincide with decreases in effective specialization. Collectively, our results indicate that estimates of global insect species richness based on effective specialization at a single spatial scale are overestimating the magnitude of global insect species richness. We propose that scale dependence should be promoted to a central concept in the research program on global estimates of species richness.
Incidence of adverse events with HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors in liver transplant patients
Authors: Martin Jill E. , Cavanaugh Teresa M. , Trumbull Leslie , Bass Maryetta , Weber Fredrick , Aranda‐Michel Jaime , Hanaway Michael , Rudich Steven 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:  Transplant patients are at increased risk of developing dyslipidemia, which contributes to coronary artery disease and cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to explore documented adverse effects of liver transplant recipients receiving lipid‐lowering therapies.Methods:  A retrospective chart review of 69 liver transplant patients was conducted to evaluate the incidence of adverse effects, especially rhabdomyolysis and liver function abnormalities, in liver transplant patients treated with a lipid lowering agent (LLA). Data were collected from the time of initiation of LLA to 12 months later, looking at the type, dose, and duration of LLA, concurrent cytochrome P450 inhibitors, immunosuppression used, and laboratory parameters.Results:  For HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor therapy, simvistatin was used in five (7.8%) patients, pravastatin in 40 (62.5%), fluvastatin in one (1.6%), atorvastatin in five (7.8%), and lovastatin in three (4.7%). Gemfibrozil, a fibric acid derivative, was employed as monotherapy in 10 (15.6%) of patients. There were five patients who received combination therapy with a fibric acid derivative, four (80%) with gemfibrozil + pravastatin, and one (20%) with gemfibrozil + simvastatin. Six patients studied had adverse effects, five (7.2%) with myalgia and one (1.4%) with myopathy. LLA monotherapy with either pravastatin or atorvastatin was used in these patients. The five patients with myalgia were on concurrent therapy with cyclosporin, and the patient with myopathy was on concurrent cyclosporin + diltiazem therapy, both of which are P450 inhibitors. One out of 23 patients on a non‐immunosuppressant P450 inhibitor developed adverse effects. No significant elevation of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, or alkaline phosphatase was noted in any patient.Conclusions:  Overall, there was a general tolerability with a low incidence of adverse events, no incidence of severe complications, and no alterations in liver function tests in the study population with the use of LLA.
Adverse drug reaction driven immunosuppressive drug manipulations: a single‐center comparison of enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium vs. mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: Hardinger Karen L. , Hebbar Sudarshan , Bloomer Terry , Murillo Daniel 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:  Enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium (MPS) has been developed to help circumvent the upper gastrointestinal side‐effects of mycophenolic acid by facilitating drug release in the small intestine. Many questions regarding the side‐effect profile of MPS remain. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review a single‐center’s experience with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and MPS.Methods:  This retrospective, sequential cohort analysis of de novo renal and pancreas transplants (n = 198) compared MMF 500 mg b.i.d. to MPS 360 mg b.i.d. in conjunction with antibody induction, tacrolimus, and steroids.Results:  There were fewer adverse event driven drug manipulations in the MPS group at 90 d (4% MPS vs. 17% MMF) and 180 d (10% MPS vs. 24% MMF, p = 0.006, log‐rank) after transplantation. There was a trend toward fewer GI‐related hospital admissions in the MPS arm (7% MPS vs. 13% MMF, p = 0.18). Allograft outcomes including patient survival, graft survival, acute rejection, serum creatinine, and infection were similar.Conclusion:  This single‐center, sequential cohort study demonstrates that MPS is associated with fewer adverse event driven drug manipulations while maintaining similar safety and allograft outcomes.
Characterization of CD4+ FOXP3+ T‐cell clones established from chronic inflammatory lesions
Authors: Okui T. , Ito H. , Honda T. , Amanuma R. , Yoshie H. , Yamazaki K. 
Published: August 2010

Introduction:  Our previous study demonstrated that the gene expression of FOXP3, a characteristic marker for CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in mice, is upregulated more in periodontitis than in gingivitis at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level. Furthermore, most of the T‐cell clones established from periodontitis lesions expressed FOXP3 mRNA. However, role of the FOXP3+ gingival T cells has not been elucidated.Methods:  The phenotype of FOXP3‐expressing cells in periodontitis lesions was determined immunohistochemically. CD4+ FOXP3+ gingival T‐cell clones were established from three patients with advanced periodontitis by using immunomagnetic beads. Gene expression and phenotype analyses were performed by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reactions and flow cytometry, respectively. The effect of CD4+ FOXP3+ T‐cell clones on the proliferative response of CD4+ CD25− T cells was examined by [3H]thymidine incorporation.Results:  FOXP3 expression was found in some CD4+ T cells and CD25+ cells but not in CD8+ T cells by immunohistochemistry. In spite of a substantial expression of the CD25 gene, the expression level of membrane CD25 on the CD4+ FOXP3+ gingival T‐cell clones was low. While peripheral blood CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ cells suppressed the proliferation of CD4+ CD25− T cells, the CD4+ CD25low FOXP3+ gingival T‐cell clones enhanced the proliferation significantly.Conclusion:  Our study makes it evident that most, if not all, of the FOXP3+ T cells in periodontitis lesions can be considered to be effector T cells. The effector activity of the gingival T‐cell clones could be attributable to the low level of membrane CD25 expression. Further studies are clearly needed to clarify the role of these T cells and their unique characteristics in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
Detection of Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus E2 Recombinant Antigen among Samples Indeterminate for Anti‐HCV after Wide Serological Testing and Correlation with Viremia
Authors: León P. , López J.A. , Elola C. , Domingo C.J. , Echevarría J.M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe detection of antibody to the second envelope protein (E2) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been hampered by the lack of suitable antigens. A previously described E2 recombinant antigen (CHO‐E2) expressed as a non‐fused, highly glycosylated protein in mammalian cells was used to detect specific antibody (anti‐E2) in samples from blood donors and viraemic patients showing positive or indeterminate results for anti‐HCV after a wide serological study. Anti‐E2 was detected in 50–75% of the donors positive for anti‐HCV, 80% of viraemic immunocompetent patients with anti‐NS3 alone and 28% of non‐viraemic donors with anticore alone. In donors with anti‐NS3 (15 samples) or anti‐NS4 (51 samples) alone, anti‐E2 was found occasionally (3 cases). Moreover, two anti‐E2‐positive samples from viraemic patients were misidentified by some commercial assays for screening anti‐HCV These results suggest that testing for anti‐E2 may be useful for improving the performance of the current assays for anti‐HCV screening and confirmation.
Recruiting and retaining young people as voluntary blood donors
Authors: Misje A. H. , Bosnes V. , Heier H. E. 
Published: August 2010

Objectives  Reasons for predonation deferral of young potential donors and prospects of recruiting and retaining young people (age 18–29) as voluntary blood donors were studied.Study Design and Methods  Three different sources of data were analysed: (i) the subsequent donation history of 2057 donors who started their donation career at the Blood Bank of Oslo (BBO) in 1999, age and gender of all new donors accepted for donation at BBO in 2004 was retrieved from electronic data files; (ii) data on reasons for predonation deferral, age and gender of all deferred prospect donors at BBO in 2004 was obtained from original screening questionnaires; and (iii) results from a national telephone survey of the general population's attitudes regarding blood donation, conducted in 2005.Results  Twenty‐five per cent of the first‐time donors recruited in 1999 remained active in 2005, but the percentage was higher among older than younger donors. Change of residency was the most frequent reason for termination of donation among young donors. Young prospect donors were more frequently than older ones deferred for lifestyle‐related reasons. Prospect donors older than 30 years were more frequently deferred for health‐related reasons. A large proportion (57·7%) of young adults reported a favourable attitude towards becoming blood donors. Lack of a personal request (not being asked) was the most frequently reported reason for not giving blood among young people with no donation record. Only a minor proportion of young non‐donors considered themselves disqualified from donating blood due to health status.Conclusions  Lifestyle‐related eligibility criteria and changes of residency pose problems for recruitment and retention of young donors. However, a large proportion of young adults state that they are able and willing to donate blood; therefore, the prospects of recruiting young people as voluntary blood donors seem generally positive.
The acceptability to women in Mombasa, Kenya, of the donation and transfusion of umbilical cord blood for severe anaemia in young children
Authors: Hassall O. , Ngina L. , Kongo W. , Othigo J. , Mandaliya K. , Maitland K. , Bates I. 
Published: August 2010

Background and Objectives  Severe anaemia, for which a blood transfusion can be life saving, is common in hospitalized children in sub‐Saharan Africa but blood for transfusion is often in short supply. Umbilical cord blood is usually thrown away but could be a useful source of red cells for small volume transfusions in young children in this setting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of women using the maternity services of the provincial hospital in Mombasa, Kenya, towards cord blood donation and transfusion, and essential aspects of this process including informed consent and the acceptability of screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Materials and Methods  A structured questionnaire was developed based on data provided by focus group discussions with women attending the hospital's maternity unit and administered to women who had recently delivered at the hospital.Results  Of the 180 women who completed a questionnaire, the donation and transfusion of cord blood were acceptable to 81% and 78%, respectively. Ninety per cent of women who supported cord blood donation were willing to undergo further HIV testing at the time of delivery. Seventy‐seven per cent of women wanted informed consent to be sought for cord blood donation and 66% of these felt they could make this decision alone.Conclusion  The donation of umbilical cord blood and its transfusion are acceptable to the majority of women delivering at Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa. Findings from the study will benefit the planned cord blood donation programme at this facility.
Fluorescent differential display analysis of gene expression for NPV resistance in Bombyx mori L.
Authors: Xu J. P. , Chen K. P. , Yao Q. , Liu X. Y. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:Using the fluorescent differential display (FDD) technique, we analysed the differential expression of genes related to BmNPV (Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus) resistance. Silkworm strains used included a highly resistant strain named NB, a highly susceptible strain named 306 and a near‐isogenic line named 306NNZZ. Two differential bands, G12532 and G13313, were found linked to BmNPV resistance and were further identified. Band G12532 was found in the midguts of the eighth generation of backcross (BC8) of strain 306NNZZ but was not present in those of strain 306. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis confirmed that the band existed in BC8 of strains 306NNZZ and NB while not in strain 306. Northern blot analysis showed that G12532 expressed actively in BC8 of strains 306NNZZ and NB while expressed inactively in strain 306. These results suggest that the G12532 is a fragment of the gene related to silkworm's resistance to BmNPV disease. The sequence of G12532 has an 85% similarity to sequences with GenBank accession numbers of AV398077 and AV398034 that are relative to BmNPV infection demonstrated by previous studies. Its coding region (37 amino acids) has 54% similarity with B. mori endonuclease and reverse transcriptase‐like protein. Band G13313 was appeared in the hemolymph of highly resistant strain NB and near isogenic line 306NNZZ in FDD, but was not found in highly susceptible strain 306, all of which were confirmed by RT‐PCR and Northern blot analyses. All the experimental results obtained suggest that G13313 is also a fragment of the gene related to BmNPV resistance. The sequence of band G13313 does not have a high similarity to the above relative sequences in GenBank. It might be a new RNA fragment related to NPV resistance. Our study also showed that the FDD technique could be a promising approach in identifying novel genes while appropriate silkworm strains are used.
Dose‐dependent influence of Microplitis rufiventris factors on developmental rate and growth of last‐instar Spodoptera littoralis larvae
Authors: Hegazi E. M. , Khafagi W. E. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:The solitary endoparasitoid, Microplitis rufiventris, attacks and can develop in earlier instars of Spodoptera littoralis larvae with preference to third‐instar larvae. We used the last stadium (sixth instar), a stage which is not naturally parasitized. The newly moulted larvae (0–3 h old) of this stadium were more acceptable for parasitization by the wasp females than the older ones (24 h old). Parasitization by M. rufiventris wasp of last instar S. littoralis larvae leads to dose (no. of eggs + parasitoid factors)‐dependent effects which were more pronounced at 20°C than at 27°C. A single oviposition into a sixth instar host larva resulted in normal development of the host. However, superparasitization increased the proportions of developmentally arrested hosts and number of live wasp larvae. Development of supernumerary individuals of the parasitoid in the host larva leads to dose‐related adverse effects on host growth and development. The present study may provide interesting opportunities for studying the physiological bases of host–parasitoid interactions and parasitoid intra‐specific competition in the biological system considered.
How to measure the food utilization of subterranean insects: a case study with the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)
Authors: Moeser J. , Vidal S. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:To date, nutritional studies on subterranean insects have focused on qualitative aspects due to experimental limitations. We have developed a method of studying insect–plant interactions quantitatively in subterranean environments. The initial and final weights of larvae of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Chrysomelidae, Galeruncinae) and those of maize roots, which served as food items were determined. The difference between initial and final weight of larvae and roots allowed for the calculation of the food conversion efficiency. This can be used to portray differences in food quality and its impact on larval performance and development.
IDENTIFYING AND OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS TO ABORIGINAL ACCESS TO GENERAL PRACTITIONER SERVICES IN RURAL NEW SOUTH WALES
Authors: Andrews Bruce , Simmons Peter , Long Ian , Wilson Ross 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT: The Wiradjuri General Practitioners and Aboriginal Health Workers Project aimed to help improve Aboriginal health in central western New South Wales (NSW) by identifying and overcoming the barriers to the Aboriginal population's access to general practitioner services.The central strategy of the project was to convene three rounds of consultative meetings in five towns: Bathurst, Orange, Cowra, Forbes and Condobolin. These meetings brought together Aboriginal community members, general practitioners and Aboriginal health workers to express and define local issues and problems, and to propose solutions.The solutions included general practitioner outreach clinics, a focus on prewinter immunisation, bulk‐billing of Aboriginal patients, Aboriginal cultural awareness training for all general practice personnel, employing Aboriginal staff in general practice, and closer professional interaction between general practitioners and Aboriginal health workers.Most participants evaluated the meetings as positive and constructive. The project substantiates the perceived need for alternative models for the funding and delivery of general practitioner services to Aboriginal communities.
COMPARISON OF ROLES AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT NEEDS OF NURSE EXECUTIVES WORKING IN METROPOLITAN, PROVINCIAL, RURAL OR REMOTE SETTINGS IN QUEENSLAND
Authors: Courtney Mary , Yacopetti Jane , James Catherine , Walsh Anne , Finlayson Kathleen 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT: This research provides a profile of nurse executives' roles, career opportunities and professional development needs across metropolitan, provincial, rural and remote settings in Queensland. A cross‐sectional survey was posted to all Directors/Assistant Directors of Nursing in the Queensland Public Health Sector (n =281), with a response rate of 52.3% (n =147).Findings indicated that the role of nursing executives has expanded and diversified, with multiple role responsibilities increasing with distance from the metropolitan area. Nurse executives in remote areas were less satisfied with the quality of supervision and mentorship they received, and least likely to participate in career enhancing activities. Metropolitan nursing executives utilised more of the career enhancing opportunities provided by the Queensland Public Health Sector than did provincial, rural or remote nursing executives. Provincial nurse executives were the group most likely to network, attend conferences and participate in informal educational activities. Professional development needs, although generally common to all groups, were more practice specific for those in rural and remote areas. Many nurse executives begin their careers in rural or remote areas where limited opportunities for career development may be detrimental to their future development.