bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microvolt T‐Wave Alternans for Risk Stratification in Athletes with Ventricular Arrhythmias: Correlation with Programmed Ventricular Stimulation
Authors: Inama Giuseppe , Pedrinazzi Claudio , Durin Ornella , Nanetti Massimiliano , Donato Giorgio , Pizzi Rita , Assanelli Deodato 
Published: September 2010

Background: Aim of our study is to evaluate the role of T‐wave alternans (TWA) to stratify the risk of sudden cardiac death in athletes (Ath) with complex ventricular arrhythmias (VA), and to document a possible correlation between TWA and electrophysiological testing (EPS) results. Methods: We studied 85 Ath with VA (61 M, mean age 32 ± 11 years). In all cases a cardiological evaluation was performed, including TWA and EPS. The patients were evaluated during a follow‐up of 30 ± 21 months. The end point was the occurrence of sudden death (SD) or malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT). Results: TWA was negative in 57 Ath (68%), positive in 15 (18%) and indeterminate in 13 (14%). All subjects with negative TWA did not show induction of VT at EPS, with significant correlation between negative TWA and negative EPS (P < 0.001). All Ath with positive TWA also had VT induced by a EPS, with significant correlation (P < 0.001). By contrast, our data did not show significant correlation between indeterminate TWA and positive or negative EPS. However, there was significant correlation between abnormal TWA test (positive + indeterminate) and inducibility of VT at EPS (P < 0.001). During follow‐up we observed a significant difference in end point occurrence (VT or SD) between Ath with negative or abnormal TWA and between Ath with negative or positive EPS. Conclusion: TWA confirm its role as a simple and noninvasive test, and it seems useful for prognostic stratification of Ath with VA.
Sodium Channel Blockers Enhance the Temporal QT Interval Variability in the Right Precordial Leads in Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Kanemori Tetsuzou , Shimizu Hiroki , Oka Katsumi , Furukawa Yoshio , Hiromoto Kenji , Mine Takanao , Masuyama Tohru , Ohyanagi Mitsumasa 
Published: September 2010

Background: Temporal QT interval variability is associated with sudden cardiac death. The purpose of this study was to evaluate temporal QT interval variability in Brugada syndrome (BS). Methods: We measured QT and RR intervals in precordial leads (V1–V6) based on 12‐beat resting ECG recordings from 16 BS patients (B group) with spontaneous ST elevation in right precordial leads (V1–V2) and from 10 patients with normal hearts (C group). We measured the response in B group before and after administration of pilsicainide (1 mg/kg). The standard deviation (QT‐SD, RR‐SD) of the time domain and total frequency power (QT‐TP, RR‐TP) were calculated for all precordial leads, and the latter was to analyze the frequency domain. Results: The right precordial leads in BS exhibited an additional and prominent ST elevation (coved‐type) after pilsicainide administration. Both QT‐SD and QT‐TP values were significantly more increased in B, than in C (5.1 ± 1.2 vs 3.6 ± 0.2 and 23.4 ± 2.9 vs 12.3 ± 1.7 msec2, P < 0.01, respectively) and after pilsicainide administration in B. (5.1 ± 0.4 vs 3.9 ± 0.3, 25.8 ± 3.4 vs 16.3 ± 2.6 msec2, P < 0.01, respectively) However, QT‐SD and QT‐TP did not significantly change in any of other leads (V3–V6) and RR‐SD and RR‐TP were similar for both groups, as well as after intravenous pilsicainide administration in B. Conclusions: The temporal QT interval variability was identified in BS. Moreover, sodium channel blocker induced temporal fluctuation in QT interval and it may possibly provide a substrate for ventricular arrhythmia in BS patients.
The Impact of the Distance between the Atrial Electrode and the Atrial Wall on Atrial Undersensing in Patients with VDD Pacemakers: Long‐Term Follow‐Up
Authors: Altin Timucin , Guldal Muharrem , Candemir Basar , Polat Cegerhun , Ozdemir Aydan O. , Tulunay Cansin , Ozdol Cagdas , Akyurek Omer , Karaoguz Remzi , Erol Cetin 
Published: September 2010

Aim: Atrial undersensing (AUS) in single‐lead VDD pacemakers may be due to diminished P‐wave amplitude secondary to local inflammation beneath the electrodes closer to atrial wall. The aim of this study was to assess the potential effect of distance between atrial electrode and atrial wall on immediate and long‐term atrial sensing stability in VDD systems. Methods: A total of 275 patients with normal sinus node function who received VDD pacemakers were enrolled into the study and were followed up for a median duration of 33 months. During each control visit, a standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was obtained and standard pacemaker function assessment was performed including testing for pacing threshold and atrioventricular synchrony. The distance between atrial electrode and atrial wall was measured from chest X‐ray. Results: Of the 275 patients, AUS was detected in 59 patients. Univariate predictors of AUS were use of closely spaced bipolar ring atrial electrode (CSBR) (P = 0.01), wider atrial ring‐spacing (P = 0.03), and atrial sensitivity programmed to a higher level (P = 0.001). Use of CSBR (P = 0.04) and atrial sensitivity ≥0.3 mV (P = 0.02) were observed to be the independent predictors for AUS. When the distance between atrial electrode and atrial wall was <7 mm, AUS was less with diagonally arranged bipolar ring electrodes (DABR) than it was with CSBRs (P = 0.02). Conclusions: The distance between atrial electrode and atrial wall does not appear to affect AUS incidence in VDD pacemakers. For VDD electrodes closer to atrial wall, AUS was significantly less likely in DABR‐type electrodes.
An On‐Line Study of Japanese Nesting Complexity
Authors: Nakatani Kentaro , Gibson Edward 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a self‐paced reading experiment in Japanese in which the materials consisted of four versions of successively more nested syntactic structures. It was found that (1) people read the more nested materials slower than the less nested materials; and (2) the locus of the relative slowdown occurred early in the nested structures. There was no corresponding slowdown when processing the verbs at the end of each clause. The results are therefore not predicted by retrieval‐based integration accounts of syntactic complexity. Rather, the results support expectation‐based accounts of syntactic complexity for these materials.
Tissue response to poly‐L‐lactide acid‐polyglycolic acid absorbable screws in autogenous bone grafts: a histologic morphological analysis
Authors: Matsumoto Mariza Akemi , Filho Hugo Nary , Padovan Luís Eduardo Marques , Kawakami Roberto Yoshio , De Assis Taveira Luís Antônio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the local bone condition of autogenous chin grafts in contact with resorbable polymers fixation devices.Material and methods: Seven patients presenting severe maxillary and mandibular atrophy underwent alveolar ridge reconstruction with autogenous chin grafts fixed with conventional metallic screws, who received poly l‐lactide acid–polyglycolic acid and titanium test screws for histological evaluation after 4 months of implantation.Results: Viable bone tissue could be seen in the specimens related to titanium test screws, with no signs of bone resorption or inflammation. A thick layer of fibrous connective tissue was observed between the resorbable test screws and bone tissue, which presented a few areas of resorption.Conclusion: There are no contraindications of both materials for use as fixation devices in autogenous bone grafts. However, care must be taken when using absorbable screws in a period of 4 months, which can interfere with the sequence of the treatment with endosseous dental implants.
Surgical navigation for implant placement using transtomography
Authors: Bousquet Frederic , Joyard Marion 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: To present a new guidance technique using transtomography in the operating room and to test the accuracy of this surgical protocol.Material: A new concept of operating room, integrating when necessary this imagery to secure flapless procedures by intraoperative control, is described. This operating room concept, including X ray protection of the operators, is explained in addition to the transport system of the panoramic machine for its transfer to the patient who remains seated on his surgical chair.Methods: Twenty‐five single‐tooth edentulous patients were treated by implant placement with a flapless or a minimally invasive procedure using transtomographic navigation. The surgical protocol is explained: after the first limited drill through mucosa and bone, intraoperative transtomography is performed with a custom‐made titanium guide inserted into the bone. Images show the drilling axis in three dimensions. This form of navigation allows rectifying the drill axis. We explain how this protocol respects asepsis.Results: The mean angular deviation was 2.04° in the mesiodistal direction (range: 0°–4.8°, variance: 2.88) and 2.71° in the buccal or the palatolingual direction (range: 0°–5.4°; variance: 2.63). Implant tip deviation was calculated: the mean mesiodistal tip deviation was 0.42 mm, and the mean buccal or palatolingual tip deviation was 0.5 mm. The maximum tip mesiodistal deviation was 1.08 mm and the maximum vestibular or palatolingual tip deviation was 1.22 mm.Conclusion: This protocol appears to be as accurate as other guided or navigation systems. The advantages and limitations of this technique are explained, followed by future prospects with the new 3D cone beam computed tomography developed with the same panoramic machine.
Development of molecular immunoassay system for probiotics via toll‐like receptors based on food immunology
Authors: KITAZAWA Haruki , TOHNO Masanori , SHIMOSATO Takeshi , SAITO Tadao 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTRecent interest has focused on the importance of intestinal immunity for the host defense, but to date, not much is known about the underlying mechanisms. The toll‐like receptor (TLR) family plays an important role in host defense through recognizing bacterial pathogen‐associated molecular patterns. Our recent research on the physiological function of food products has investigated the immunoregulatory effects of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) via TLR. Studies of swine, which often substitute for a human model, have demonstrated intestinal immunoregulation by the probiotic LAB mediated by TLR in the gut. On the basis of our study, efforts have also been made to develop a molecular immunoassay system for probiotic LAB and find novel immunostimulatory DNA sequences from probiotics and high potential immunobiotic LAB strains via TLR signaling. These findings may provide important clues at the molecular level on TLR signal transduction pathways and recognition mechanisms for the ligands. They also provide impetus to further delineate the activation mechanism of the innate immune response. In addition to identifying immunoregulatory factor immunogenics from LAB, a better understanding of intestinal immune regulation through cytokine networks holds out promise for basic food immunology research and the development of immunobiotic foods to prevent specific diseases.
Efficiency of quantitative trait loci‐assisted selection in correlations between identified and residual genotypes
Authors: LIN Ching Y. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis study quantified the efficiency of quantitative traits loci (QTL)‐assisted selection in the presence of correlations (ρqr) between identified (q) and residual (r) genotypes. Two levels of heritability (h2 = 0.1 or 0.3), two levels of correlation (ρqr = −0.3 or 0.3) and five proportions of genetic variance explained by QTL detected (= 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 or 0.8) were combined to give 20 scenarios in all. QTL‐assisted selection placed a larger index weight on the QTL genotype than on the phenotype in 17 of 20 scenarios, yielding a greater response in the QTL genotype than in residual genotype. Although QTL‐assisted selection was superior to phenotypic selection in all 20 scenarios, QTL‐assisted selection showed a greater advantage over phenotypic selection when ρqr was positive than when ρqr was negative. Doubling the proportion of detected QTL variance to genetic variance does not result in a twofold increase in the genetic response to QTL‐assisted selection, suggesting that economic returns diminish for each additional cost of detecting extra QTL. The correlation between q and r would make the interpretation (or prediction) of QTL effects difficult and QTL‐assisted selection strategy must consider the joint effect of q and r. When q and r are not independent, a failure to account for ρqr in QTL‐assisted selection would underestimate the genetic responses when ρqr is positive, but overestimate the genetic responses when ρqr is negative. Estimation bias is more serious at high heritability than at low heritability. Accounting for ρqr would improve the efficiency of QTL‐assisted selection and the accuracy of QTL detection. The generalized procedure developed in this study allows for quantifying the efficiency of QTL‐assisted selection and assessing estimation bias for ignoring the correlation between q and r for all possible combinations of h2, ρqr, and .
Changes of plasma free amino acid concentrations and myofibrillar proteolysis index by starvation in non‐pregnant dry cows
Authors: KAMIYA Mitsuru , KAMIYA Yuko , TANAKA Masahito , SHIOYA Shigeru 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe effects of 5 day starvation on urinary metabolite excretion, plasma metabolites and free amino acid concentrations in four non‐pregnant dry cows were investigated. Starvation significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the bodyweight and feces weight. The plasma glucose concentration decreased (P < 0.05) during days 2–5 of starvation. Starvation significantly increased (P < 0.05) the plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration. The plasma urea nitrogen concentration and urinary urea nitrogen excretion increased transiently (P < 0.05) at days 1 and 2 of starvation. The plasma 3‐methlhistidine concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at days 2, 3 and 5 of starvation. However, the urinary 3‐methylhistidine excretion was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at days 4 and 5 of starvation, not corresponding to the change in the plasma. Starvation did not change the plasma proline, methionine, lysine and total amino acid concentrations. On the other hand, starvation reduced (P < 0.05) the plasma aspartic acid, serine, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and histidine concentrations. Plasma glycine increased during starvation. Plasma threonine, isoleucine, leucine and branched‐chain amino acid increased (P < 0.05) by prolonged starvation. The results of this study indicate that prolonged starvation accelerated myofibril protein degradation in non‐pregnant dry cows and apparently consumes most glucogenic amino acids in preference to other amino acids.
Changes in estrogen receptor alpha expression in the bursa of Fabricius during chick embryonic development
Authors: SHIN Young‐Ha , YONEZAWA Yasuji , ABE Asaki , KONDO Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTSex steroid hormones have been reported to be modulators that augment or suppress immune functions. Applying estrogen to chick embryos has been reported to influence antibody production after hatching, suggesting that estrogen acts on B cell differentiation and proliferation in the bursa of chick embryos. We previously reported the presence of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the bursa during the late period of embryogenesis. In the present study we examined the time course of ERα expression in the bursa of chick embryos at the late period of embryogenesis by ERα‐messenger RNA (mRNA) expression analysis by reverse‐transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using primers for chicken ERα, and immunohistochemistry using an anti‐ER antibody. The quantity of ERα‐mRNA expressed, estimated from the relative densities of the ERα RT‐PCR products to those of β‐actin, changed with time during the late period of embryogenesis (day 10 to day 21). ERα‐mRNA expression was observed at all ages examined in the present experiment. The expression increased between day 10 and day 15 of embryogenesis and then the value was decreased between day 15 and day 21 of embryogenesis. The numbers of ER‐positive cells in the bursa also changed with time during the late period of embryogenesis (day 14 to day 18). ER‐positive cells showed the highest level on day 14 of embryogenesis, and then the value declined. ER‐positive cells were observed in lymphoid follicular cells, stromal cells and epithelial cells, and the density of ER‐positive cells was highest in epithelial cells among the three cell components of the bursa. The high level of ER expression in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) of chick embryos at the late period of embryogenesis suggests that this stage of embryogenesis is critical in B cell differentiation in the bursa in connection with estrogen effects on antibody production after hatching.
Does Breast Cancer Start in the Womb?
Authors: Soto Ana M. , Vandenberg Laura N. , Maffini Maricel V. , Sonnenschein Carlos 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Perturbations in the foetal environment predispose individuals to diseases that become apparent in adulthood. These findings prompted researchers to hypothesize that foetal exposure to environmental oestrogens may play a role in the increased incidence of breast cancer observed in European and US populations over the last 50 years. There is widespread human exposure to bisphenol A, an oestrogenic compound that leaches from dental materials and consumer products. In CD‐1 mice, perinatal exposure to environmentally relevant bisphenol A levels induced alterations of the mammary gland architecture. Bisphenol A increased the number of terminal end buds at puberty and terminal ends at 6 months of age and increased ductal lateral branching at 4 months of age. Exposed mice also showed an enhanced sensitivity to oestradiol when ovariectomized prior to puberty. All these parameters are associated in human beings with an increased risk for developing breast cancer. To assess whether bisphenol A induces mammary gland neoplasia, we chose a rat model because it more closely mimics the human disease than mouse models. Examination of the mammary glands of Wistar/Furth rats during early adulthood revealed that gestational exposure to bisphenol A induced the development of pre‐neoplastic lesions and carcinoma in situ in the absence of any additional treatment aimed at increasing tumour development. Emerging epidemiological data reveal an increased incidence of breast cancer in women exposed to diethylstilboestrol during gestation. Hence, both animal experiments and epidemiological data strengthen the hypothesis that foetal exposure to xenooestrogens may be an underlying cause of the increased incidence of breast cancer observed over the last 50 years.
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF DEREIS AND MUNDULEA: THE HISTOLOGY OF ROTENONE IN DEREIS ELLIPTIC A
Authors: WORSLEY R. E. LE G. , NUTMAN F. J. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARY

Resin‐containing cells can be distinguished microscopically in sections of Denis roots. Only these cells respond to Durham's test.
Rotenone first occurs in small groups of cells in the secondary cortex opposite the protoxylem, when the plant is about 6 weeks old. Thereafter it gradually spreads in scattered groups throughout the xylem parenchyma and cortex.
Starch and rotenone do not occur in the same cell; they occur in mutually exclusive groups.
It is probable that, in a mature root, all the xylem parenchyma contains either starch or rotenone.
The toxic substances other than rotenone probably occur in the same cells as rotenone.
The rotenone‐containing cells are apparently morphologically unspecialized.
SOIL CONDITIONS AND THE TAKE‐ALL DISEASE OF WHEAT: THE RELATION BETWEEN SOIL REACTION AND SOIL AERATION
Authors: GARRETT S. D. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYBy forced aeration, acid soils can be rendered quite as favourable for the growth, of Ophiobolus graminis along the roots of wheat seedlings as alkaline soils. This finding is in agreement with the hypothesis that growth of the fungus along the wheat roots in acid soils is retarded by the accumulation of respiratory carbon dioxide.
SHEEP BLOW‐FLY INVESTIGATIONS: TOXICITY OF STOMACH POISONS TO SHEEP MAGGOTS
Authors: HOBSON K. P. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARY

The toxicity of stomach poisons to sheep maggots was tested under laboratory conditions.
Dipping experiments were carried out with various materials. None of these made the fleece repellent for more than a few days. Arsenic was the only material which rendered the fleece poisonous for an appreciable period.
STUDIES UPON THE COPPER FUNGICIDES: THE FUNGICIDAL VALUE OF THE COPPER OXIDES1
Authors: HORSFALL J. G. , MARSH R. W. , MARTIN H. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYIt is suggested that the field performance of protective fungicides is dependent upon (1) factors determining the quantity (retention and tenacity) of material present throughout the period of protection, and (2) factors which determine the relative fungicidal value of this residue.The fungicidal values of various samples of cuprous and of cupric oxide have been examined by a laboratory method employing spores of Macrosporium sarcinaeforme and of Cladosporium carpophilum and the following conclusions reached:

Within each series of cuprous or cupric oxides, fungicidal value is dependent upon method of manufacture and upon particle size.
When allowance for the effects of these two factors is made cuprous oxide is shown to inhibit spore germination to a greater degree than cupric oxide of equivalent copper content.
If inhibition of spore germination by these copper oxides is due to the formation of soluble copper derivatives, the superior fungicidal value of cuprous over cupric oxide may be explained both (a) by the more ready solubility in certain solvents of cuprous oxide (i.e. greater availability), and (b) by the greater potency of the active fungicide produced from cuprous oxide (i.e. greater inherent toxicity). Evidence is given bearing on these two hypotheses.