bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Evaluation of the Camino Subdural Screw and Ventricular Monitoring Kits
Authors: Chambers I. R. , Mendelow A. D. , Sinar E. J. , Modha P. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare readings of intracranial pressure from a ventricular catheter with those obtained from a Camino catheter-tipped transducer. The Camino transducer was evaluated in two ways: firstly, when it was inserted by a subdural screw, and secondly, when it was inserted into a ventricular catheter using a ventricular monitoring kit. Data were recorded for 376 hours for the subdural screw method and for 486 hours for the ventricular monitoring kit. Average pressure readings were calculated every 5 minutes (10 half-minute values), and regression analysis was performed. For the subdural screw method, the correlation coefficient was 0.945 (gradient, 1.04; intercept, − 5.51. The results from the ventricular monitoring kit showed that the correlation coefficient was 0.901 (gradient, 0.93; intercept, −0.92. The correlation between recordings of ventricular fluid pressure and the Camino recordings obtained from both subdural screw insertions and ventricular monitoring kits was good, with the subdural screw method proving more accurate and reliable in clinical use.
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Lumbar Spine Injuries Caused by Rear Seat Lap Belts
Authors: Johnson Dennis L. , Falci Scott 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Over the past 3 years, during a time when seat belt use has increased, we have managed nine midlumbar spine fractures in children caused by standard rear seat lap belts. Children with a lap belt injury typically complained of abdominal and back pain, and the nature of their injuries was evident by the presence of a belt-shaped abrasion across the lower abdomen. Midlumbar spine fracture may be associated with paraplegia and life-threatening visceral injury. If the spine is analyzed as a beam, the full spectrum of the reported injuries is predictable. This study shows that the rear seat belts installed as standard equipment do not meet the special needs of children. Rear seat lap belts are better than no restraints, but the addition of a shoulder restraint is strongly advocated to reduce lumbar spine injury.
Metabolic and Hemodynamic Aspects of Peritumoral Low-Density Areas in Human Brain Tumor
Authors: Hino Akihiko , Imahori Yoshio , Tenjin Hiroshi , Mizukawa Norihiko , Ueda Satoshi , Hirakawa Kimiyoshi , Nakahashi Hisamitsu 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
With the use of positron emission tomography, regional cerebral blood flow, oxygen utilization, and glucose utilization were measured in the peritumoral low-density areas on x-ray computed tomographic images in 23 patients with supratentorial brain tumors: 7 meningiomas, 11 malignant gliomas, and 5 metastatic brain tumors. Findings on positron emission tomography in these areas revealed characteristic patterns associated with the types of tumor and the degree of mass effect. It is likely that two different types of pathophysiological states exist in “peritumoral edema”: 1) primary ischemia caused by mechanical compression by the tumor mass in meningiomas: and 2) primary metabolic suppression (mainly in oxygen metabolism) in malignant brain tumors.
Communicating Hydrocephalus in Adults: Prediction of Outcome after Ventricular Shunting Procedures
Authors: Benzel Edward C. , Pelletier Allen L. , Levy Pamela G. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A series of adult patients with idiopathic hydrocephalus in whom shunts were placed are presented. Preoperative diagnostic and prognostic criteria were evaluated. Findings on computed tomographic scans (significant ventricular enlargement, the absence of gyral atrophy, and the absence of sylvian fissure enlargement) and the clinical triad associated with hydrocephalus in adults (dementia, ataxia, and especially incontinence of urine) all contributed individually and in combination to the diagnosis of hydrocephalus that could be corrected by surgery. The use of radionucleotide cisternography did not add any additional information. Its use as a diagnostic or prognostic aid is, therefore, suspect. The use of high-pressure shunting systems for the initial shunting procedure is emphasized.
Brain Metastasis from Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Heart: Case Report
Authors: Itoyama Youichi , Nagahiro Shinji , Seto Hiroshi , Sueyoshi Nobuyuki , Kuratsu Jun-ichi , Ushio Yukitaka 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
This is the second reported case of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the heart that metastasized to the brain. A 33-year-old woman developed headache, nausea, and ataxic gait 9 months after removal of the tumor from the left atrium of the heart. Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans disclosed multiple metastatic tumors in the brain. Although dramatic improvement in her symptoms and signs followed the removal of the brain tumors, she died of tumor recurrence in the left atrium 3 months after the removal of the metastatic brain tumors.
Enlarging Thrombosed Aneurysm of the Distal Basilar Artery
Authors: Batjer Hunt H. , Purdy Phillip D. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The case of a 65-year-old man who had partial left third nerve palsy is reported. Radiographic examination disclosed a completely thrombosed giant suprasellar aneurysm. Although an angiogram appeared to indicate that his aneurysm arose from the distal basilar artery, he was also noted to have an unusual and ectatic distal internal carotid artery on the left side, and this was also felt to be a potential source of the aneurysm. Operative exploration was performed and confirmed the basilar artery as the sight of origin, and definitive therapy was deferred. The patient's progress was monitored, and for 3 years his neurological course was stable and there was no change in his radiographic abnormalities. During the 6 months following this period, the patient developed signs and symptoms of progressing hydrocephalus and was found to have significant enlargement of his still completely thrombosed giant aneurysm. This complicated case highlights the controversy regarding the management of this difficult condition, particularly with regard to endovascular therapies, and also provides insight into the evolution of this dynamic disease process.
Giant Aneurysm of the Pericallosal Artery
Authors: Maiuri Francesco , Corriero Giuseppe , D'Amico Luigi , Simonetti Luigi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A rare case of a giant aneurysm of the pericallosal artery, evaluated by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography, is reported, and the other 7 cases in the literature are reviewed, Giant aneurysms are exceptional in the distal segments of the anterior cerebral arteries, and may simulate a callosal tumor or hematoma on computed tomographic scan. The clinical, radiological, surgical, and pathological findings of giant aneurysms of this location are discussed and the other reported cases are analyzed. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing and characterizing giant aneurysms is stressed.
Primary Closure of Infected Spinal Wounds
Authors: Dernbach Paul D. , Gomez Heldo , Hahn Joseph 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Although postoperative infections of spinal wounds are uncommon, when they occur, they cause considerable morbidity. The classic treatment for deep infected wounds of the spine involves opening the wound, packing it, and permitting secondary closure to occur through granulation. A combined total of 10 patients with infected postoperative spinal wounds (two cervical and eight lumbar) from the Lahey Clinic and the Cleveland Clinic were treated by primary closure. Infection was diagnosed, usually within 2 weeks of operation (average, 10.9 days), by increasing back pain, purulent drainage from the incision, cultures, and subfascial extension of the process. In one patient, an associated disk space infection was observed. Causative organisms were Staphylococcus aureus in five patients and Staphylococcus epidermidis in five patients. At the second operation, the wounds were opened and radically debrided, irrigated, and closed primarily over one or two large drains. Treatment with intravenously administered antibiotics was continued postoperatively; the duration of treatment varied from 10 days to 6 weeks, depending on the presence or absence of involvement of bone or disks. Complete resolution of the infections and primary healing of the wounds occurred in all patients. This technique offers advantages over the traditional technique of secondary wound closure by decreasing the amount of wound care and length of hospitalization and is recommended as the treatment of choice for patients with postoperative spinal wound infections.
Radiation Therapy for Arteriovenous Malformations: A Review
Authors: Ogilvy Christopher S. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
There have been numerous case reports and series of patients treated with partial brain irradiation, linear accelerator-based radiosurgery, gamma knife radiosurgery, and Bragg peak therapy for inoperable arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). These cases are summarized and compared. There is convincing evidence that radiation therapy does have a role in obliterating carefully chosen inoperable lesions. The changes that occur in vessel walls after radiation are reviewed. Data about x-ray and gamma radiation are mostly historical and difficult to evaluate because of the techniques of partial brain irradiation. There is a lack of data about the volume of AVM treated and the minimum dose delivered to the AVM nidus. For gamma knife, heavy particle, and linear accelerator therapy, more complete data are available. The incidence of hemorrhage during the first 2 years after treatment, when radiation-induced vascular changes are proposed to occur, is approximately 2.6% per year for gamma knife therapy, 2% per year for proton beam therapy, 2.3% per year for helium beam therapy, and 2.3% per year for linear accelerator therapy. These rates are similar to the recurrence rate for hemorrhage of 2.2 to 3% per year expected based on the natural history of untreated AVMs. If AVM obliteration after therapy is not achieved, the incidence of recurrent hemorrhage remains between 2% per year after treatment with gamma knife therapy. The incidence of hemorrhage for all patients treated was reported as 0.15% per year in one study and 20% over 8 years in a follow-up study using proton beam therapy. Mortality from hemorrhage after treatment was 0.6% after gamma knife therapy, 2.3% after helium beam therapy, and 2 to 5% after proton beam therapy. These figures for mortality are all lower than the 11% observed for the natural history of untreated AVMs. Permanent neurological deficits experienced as a complication of radiation occurred in 2 to 3% of patients treated with gamma knife therapy, 4% of patients treated with helium beam therapy, 1.7% of patients treated with proton beam therapy, and 3% of patients treated with stereotactic linear accelerator therapy. Proton beam therapy has been used for both small and large lesions. The majority of lesions in patients treated with gamma knife, helium beam, and linear accelerator therapy have been small (usually less than 3.0 cm average diameter) lesions. In these patients with small inoperable lesions treated with accurately directed fields of isocentric radiation, the greatest incidence of AVM obliteration has been observed on follow-up angiograms. Larger lesions may undergo vascular wall thickening with subsequent protection from recurrent hemorrhage, but more data are needed to support this hypothesis.
Cytokine Gene Expression by Human Gliomas
Authors: Lichtor Terry , Dohrmann George J. , Gurney Mark E. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Two glioma tumor lines and specimens from five patients with gliomas were analyzed to determine genic expression of four growth factors found in human brain. Messenger RNA encoding for interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and basic fibroblast growth factor was found to be expressed in significant amounts in some of these tumors, while mRNA for interleukin-3 was found in small quantities in only the tumor lines. Multiple species of mRNA for basic fibroblast growth factor were found. Expression of growth factor genes may play a role in the growth of human gliomas.
Meningioma: A Historical Study of the Tumor and Its Surgical Management
Authors: Al-Rodhan Nayef R. F. , Laws Edward R. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The history of meningioma is reviewed, highlighting the personalities and events that shaped our understanding and management of this tumor. Early descriptions, nomenclature, and the history of surgical removal of meningioma are discussed and the important role of this tumor in the development of neurosurgery as a whole is stressed.
Tuberculosis of the Skull—A Rare Condition: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: LeRoux Peter D. , Griffin George E. , Marsh Henry T. , Winn Richard H. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A 25-year-old woman exhibited swelling of the scalp and a bony defect of the skull from which Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured. The case is reported, and the literature is reviewed.
Lumboperitoneal Shunt: Clinical Applications, Complications, and Comparison with Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Authors: Aoki Nobuhiko 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Lumboperitoneal (LP) shunting has the advantage of completely extracranial surgical management, minimizing intracranial complications. An LP shunt has been intentionally adopted for patients who require cerebrospinal fluid diversion. A retrospective study was designed to examine the indications for and complications associated with LP shunts in 207 patients (including 28 pediatric patients) treated during the past 11 years. Follow-up averaging 5.1 years revealed no deaths related directly to LP shunt placement. Twenty-nine patients (14%) underwent revision of the shunt because of obstruction. Shunt-related infections were observed in only 2 patients (1%). Radicular pain occurred in 10 patients (5%), 2 of whom required shunt replacement. Postoperative occurrence of dyspnea and disturbance of consciousness necessitated conversion to a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt in 2 patients (1%), who subsequently were noted to have Chiari malformations. In 4 patients (2%), an acute subdural hematoma developed after mild head trauma, Symptomatic chronic subdural hematomas were observed in 2 patients (1%). One patient had a mild myelopathy that rapidly resolved after shunt replacement. The comparison to 120 patients treated with a VP shunt during the identical period (an average follow-up of 5.2 years) suggests the following conclusions. After subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured aneurysm, hydrocephalus is usually of the communicating type and is an indication for an LP shunt. The incidence of infection and malfunction with an LP shunt is significantly lower than that with a VP shunt. An LP shunt is also indicated for pediatric patients, although a relatively higher incidence of malfunction is noted compared to adults. In the light of their simplicity, extracranial management, and fewer complications, it is suggested that LP shunts be more widely used by neurosurgeons.
The Use of the Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP) Laser in Neurosurgery
Authors: Gamache Francis W. , Patterson Russel H. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser recently has been introduced for use in surgery, but as yet, no data have been published concerning the safety or efficacy of use of the KTP laser in neurosurgery. A series of patients treated with the KTP laser that revealed some practical advantages of this instrument over other lasers presently available is reported. The KTP laser has been designed with user safety in mind. In general, the KTP laser, with its angled, lowprofile, lightweight hand pieces, was especially useful in anatomically confined locations, where a laser beam directed from an attachment operated with a joy stick mounted on the operating microscope would prove awkward. The KTP laser provided very good hemostasis. Certain large fibrous tumors were found to be more easily removed using a combination of the KTP laser and ultrasonic aspiration rather than with either instrument alone.
Aneurysms of the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery-Vertebral Artery Complex: Variations on a Theme
Authors: Salcman Michael , Rigamonti Daniele , Numaguchi Yuji , Sadato Norihiro 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Aneurysms of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery-vertebral artery complex are relatively uncommon lesions. They include aneurysms at the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA-VA), aneurysms on the distal artery (PICA) and aneurysms at the junction of the vertebral and basilar arteries (VA-BA). We have had the opportunity to treat 17 patients and study the radiological records of 9 additional patients in the past 8 years. The aneurysms ranged in size from 3 to 30 mm, with mean values of 10.6, 7.3, and 9 mm for PICA-VA lesions, distal PICA lesions, and VA-BA lesions, respectively. Three of the 4 VA-BA aneurysms were located at the midline, and the mean distance of the PICA-VA aneurysms from the midline was 7.6 to 9.4 mm; 2 aneurysms crossed the midline from their parent VA. The aneurysms were located slightly more often on the left side (left:right ratio, 1:2), were found more frequently in women (2.25:1), and occurred at a mean age of 50 years. Ten aneurysms at the origin of the PICA and 4 VA-BA aneurysms were treated via a lateral suboccipital craniectomy; 3 distal PICA aneurysms were exposed by a midline craniectomy. Surgery was carried out acutely in 5 patients. Tortuousness of the VA required contralateral approaches in 2 patients, an exploratory craniectomy in 1 patient, and an approach toward the dome of 1 patient with a VA-BA aneurysm. Morbidity was primarily due to cranial nerve dysfunction. There were no perioperative deaths. These aneurysms can easily be missed on initial radiographic examination; one appeared only on the second study, one was seen to grow over 16 days, and one was discovered at the level of C1 extracranially. Our radiographic and surgical approach to the treatment of these lesions is presented.
The Identification of Adrenergic Receptors in Human Pial Membranes
Authors: Alexander Eben , Friedman Allan H. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Recent experimental work has suggested that the adrenergic nervous system is important in regulating cerebral blood flow under conditions of hypoxia and systemic arterial hypertension. Although previous investigations have demonstrated the presence of adrenergic neurons adjacent to human cerebral vessels, the nature of adrenergic receptors on human cerebral blood vessels remains poorly defined. The present study was performed to characterize adrenergic reception on membranes prepared from human pia, a rich source of small blood vessels, using radioligand binding techniques. Adrenergic membrane receptors were characterized using the binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol for the B subtypes and [3H]prazosin and [3H]yohimbine for the A subtypes. Displaceable binding was demonstrated with each agent. A small series of adrenergic agents competed for the [3H]dihydroalprenolol, [3H]yohimbine, and [3H]praz binding sites in a fashion suggesting the presence of A1-, A2-, B1and B2-receptors on the vessels within human pia.
Congenital Fistula of the Dural Carotid-Cavernous Sinus: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Konishi Yoshifumi , Hieshima Grant B. , Hara Mitsuhiro , Yoshino Kei , Yano Keiko , Takeuchi Kazuo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The case of a 2-month-old boy with a congenital fistula of the dural carotid-cavernous sinus is presented. This is a rare vascular anomaly in infancy, and it may cause acute changes in vision. The child was initially followed up for 1 year to see if spontaneous thrombosis would occur. The symptoms persisted, however, and intravascular surgery using platinum coils was performed for closure. After treatment, the symptoms completely resolved. Literature pertaining to this anomaly has been reviewed with particular emphasis on dural fistulas of the cavernous, transverse, sigmoid, and straight sinuses in infancy.
Primary Intracerebral Plasma Cell Granuloma: A Light, Immunocytochemical, and Ultrastructural Study of One Case
Authors: Figarella-Branger D. , Gambarelli D. , Perez-Castillo M. , Garbe L. , Grisoli F. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A case of primary intracerebral plasma cell granuloma without meningeal attachment is presented. Histologically, the lesion showed two different patterns. At the center, it displayed the features of a benign fibrous histiocytoma. At the periphery, a mixture of polyclonal plasma cells, lymphocytes, and “epithelial-like”cells was observed. Electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry confirmed the histiocytic nature of the “epithelial-like cells.” The differential diagnosis and histogenesis of such a lesion are discussed.
Cavernous Angioma of the Cavernous Sinus: Case Report
Authors: Sepehrnia Abolghassem , Tatagiba Marcos , Brandis Almuth , Samii Madjid , Prawitz Ralph-Hubertus 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An unusual case of cavernous angioma in the cavernous sinus (“cavernous cavernoma”) is presented. The acute onset of symptoms simulated Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, and after neuroradiological investigations, the suspected diagnosis was an intracavernous meningioma. Macroscopical intraoperative and histopathological findings demonstrated a cavernous angioma. The lesion was completely removed from the cavernous sinus without additional neurological deficits and with improvement of the symptoms. Three additional cases in the literature are reviewed. The rarity of these lesions and the management problems related to their location in the cavernous sinus are stressed.
Spinal Epidural Abscess: A Ten-Year Perspective
Authors: Hlavin Mary Louise , Kaminski Henry J. , Ross Jeffery S. , Ganz Edward 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A retrospective study of spinal epidural abscess spanning 10 years and encompassing 40 patients was done. Epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory findings, radiographic imaging, therapy, and outcome were examined and compared with previous series. An increasing incidence of the disease (up to 1.96 patients per 10,000 admissions per year) and an older, more debilitated population (67% having factors predisposing them to infection) were discovered. Over half of the population was studied with magnetic resonance imaging, which was found to be equally as sensitive (91%) as myelography with computed tomography (92%). Magnetic resonance imaging offers the advantages of being noninvasive and able to delineate other entities, which makes it the imaging modality of choice. Preoperative paralysis and neurological deterioration from normal were identified as poor prognostic features. Of 7 patients with preoperative paralysis, 5 died, and the rest failed to recover neurological function. Eleven patients with initially normal neurological exams deteriorated in the hospital before surgical intervention. Eight of these patients were being treated with appropriate antibiotics; 2 became paralyzed despite more than 3 weeks of antibiotic therapy. Only 3 of these 11 patients recovered fully. Immediate surgical decompression combined with antibiotics remains the treatment of choice.