bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and self-efficacy in college students: the mediating role of grit and the moderating role of gender
Authors: Yu Hongyan , Zhu Tingfei , Tian Jianing , Zhang Gang , Wang Peng , Chen Junxiong , Shen Liqun 
Published: May 2024

Background
There is a paucity of knowledge concerning the psychological variables that serve to facilitate the connection between physical activity and self-efficacy, and the factors capable of moderating these pathways. This study aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity and self-efficacy among college students, with a focus on the mediating effect of grit and the moderating effect of gender.

Methods
This study recruited 3,228 undergraduate students from a university in Shanghai, China. They completed the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Short Grit Scale, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 and the Process v4.0 plugin.

Results
Physical activity had both a direct effect on self-efficacy (β = 0.07, 95% CI [0.04–0.11]) and an indirect effect through the two dimensions of grit: perseverance of effort (β = 0.06, 95% CI [0.04–0.07]) and consistency of interest (β = 0.03, 95% CI [0.02–0.04]). The mediating effect explained 53.27% of the total effect. Furthermore, gender moderated the relationship between perseverance of effort and self-efficacy, with a stronger effect observed in males (β = 0.08, t = 3.27, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
The results revealed that grit is an underlying psychological mechanism that links physical activity and self-efficacy. Moreover, gender moderates the effect of perseverance of effort on self-efficacy, with a stronger effect observed in males. These findings have practical implications for educators to design tailored physical activity interventions that foster grit and self-efficacy among college students.
Effect of Different Spacing and Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Maize: A Review
Authors: Ngairangbam Haripriya , Kaur Anmol Preet , Singh Gurpreet , Menon Sandeep 
Published: May 2024

Optimal plant density influenced by crop geometric/planting techniques factors are crucial in achieving high yield to maize. In addition, nutrient management further enhances productivity. Increasing plant density can lead to higher grain yield per unit area, but it also reduces the yield per individual plant as the competition between plant to plant will increase. From different research it indicates that plant density lower than the optimum number result in higher productivity rate per plant but lower yield per area unit. After reviewing various research articles, it was concluded that the maximum growth and yield attributes of maize obtained with spacing 60: 20-30 cm. Highest nitrogen application up to 160 kg N per ha-1 by split application at sowing, 25 DAS and tasselling is most reliable to increase the maize productivity. The combined application of 70 kg ha-1 phosphorus and 60 kg ha-1 potassium is the most suitable to obtain the maximum growth and yield attributes such as plant height, number of leaves per plant, cob length, cobs per plant, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate. Effective nutrient management, aligned with proper planting density, played a pivotal role in maximizing maize productivity, meeting the demands of a growing population, and contributing to sustainable agriculture.
AMBIPOLAR CHARGE TRANSPORT: Strategies to Design Bipolar Small Molecules for OLEDs: Donor‐Acceptor Structure and Non‐Donor‐Acceptor Structure (Adv. Mater. 9/2011)
Authors: Duan Lian , Qiao Juan , Sun Yongduo , Qiu Yong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted great attention because of their potential applications in full‐color displays and solid‐state lights. In the continual effort to search for ideal materials for OLEDs, small molecules with bipolar transporting character are extremely attractive as they offer the possibility to achieve efficient and stable OLEDs even in a simple single‐layer device. In this Research News, we review the two design strategies of bipolar materials for OLEDs: molecules with or without donor‐acceptor structures. The correlation between the experimental results and theoretical calculations of some of the materials is also discussed.
Converting ab initio energies to enthalpies of formation of free radicals. I. New atom equivalents for alkyl radicals
Authors: Bhattacharya Arijit 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA simple method is presented to convert ab initio computed total energies to the standard enthalpy of formation (ΔfHo) of a large number of saturated alkyl radicals (especially those that are relatively highly branched), for which experimental data are scarcely available. For this purpose a new set of radical atom‐equivalents (AEQ) and their unique combinations were defined and the energy values of the latter assigned. The theory level and the basis set requirement for the quantum chemistry calculation of the molecular energy were found to be moderate. The ΔfHo predictions appear to be quite accurate with reference to limited available experimental data and are better than values calculated by the group‐additivity and the difference methods. The strategy provides an inexpensive way of harnessing the power of computational chemistry and combining it with the organization and insight from the group‐additivity method sans any empirical corrections. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Analysis of model parameters affecting the pressure profile in a circulating fluidized bed
Authors: Benyahia Sofiane 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study focuses on continuum model validation of the flow of air and small catalyst particles in a circulating fluidized bed. Comparison with available experimental data of pressure drop and solids circulation rate in the riser clearly demonstrates the need to modify the homogeneous drag model to accurately predict the formation of clusters of particles, which are typically observed in the fluidization of small particles. The need to correct the drag law is also demonstrated in simulations of polydisperse powder flows wherein three solids species are used to represent a typical catalyst size distribution. Finally, particle‐wall friction is found to have the most significant effect on the vertical gas pressure gradient while particle–particle friction has only a minor effect. Published 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 427–439, 2012
Entfernbare dirigierende Gruppen in der organischen Synthese und Katalyse
Authors: Rousseau Géraldine , Breit Bernhard 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDirigierende Gruppen haben in den vergangenen Jahren breite Anwendung gefunden, um Reaktionsselektivitäten in einem breiten Spektrum an übergangsmetallkatalysierten Reaktionen und Reaktionen metallorganischer Reagentien zu steuern. In Fällen, in denen die im Substrat vorhandenen funktionellen Gruppen nicht geeignet sind, um eine effiziente intramolekulare Reagens‐ oder Katalysator‐Steuerung zu ermöglichen, kann das gezielte Einbringen von maßgeschneiderten und wieder entfernbaren reagensdirigierenden Gruppen eine Lösung für dieses Problem bieten. In diesem Aufsatz geben wir eine Überblick zum Stand der Forschung auf diesem Gebiet und schließen dabei sowohl den stöchiometrischen wie den katalytischen Einsatz dirigierender Gruppen ein.
Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction of the Detailed Ear Structures, Identified in Sectioned Images
Authors: Jang Hae Gwon , Chung Min Suk , Shin Dong Sun , Park Seung Kyu , Cheon Keun Soo , Park Hyo Seok , Park Jin Seo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe structure of the ear, which intervenes between gross anatomy and histology in size, can be best understood by means of three‐dimensional (3D) surface models on a computer. Furthermore, surface models are the source of interactive simulation for clinical trials, such as tympanoplasty. The objective of this research was to elaborate the surface models of detailed ear structures, which contribute to learning anatomy or the practice of otology. We produced sectioned images of a cadaver head (pixel size, 0.1 mm; 48‐bit color). In the sectioned images, the external, middle, and internal ear structures and other related components were delineated on Photoshop to acquire segmented images at 0.5‐mm intervals. Segmented images of each structure were stacked, and the surface was reconstructed to generate a 3D‐surface model on commercial software. Thirty surface models showed fine ear topographic anatomy (e.g., semicircular ducts), as expected. Herein, we present the corresponding sectioned images, segmented images, and surface models of ear structures that will be released together. It is hoped that these image data will stimulate the development of medical simulations. The efficient technique of segmentation and surface reconstruction enables the manufacture of surface models from other serial images (e.g., CTs and MRIs). Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metal–Organic Cyclohelicates as Optical Receptors for Glutathione: Syntheses, Structures, and Host–Guest Behaviors
Authors: Wang Jian , Wu Hongmei , He Cheng , Zhao Liang , Duan Chunying 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwo trinuclear zinc‐based cyclohelicates, Zn–PDB (PDB=[5‐(dibenzylamino)‐N1′,N3′‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)isophthalohydrazide]) and Zn–PMB (PMB=[5‐(bodipy‐oxy)‐N1′,N3′‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)isophthalohydrazide]) containing dibenzylamino and BODIPY groups, respectively, were generated by incorporating two amide‐containing tridentate chelators into meta‐positions of a substituted phenyl ring. Single‐crystal structure analysis and related spectroscopic characterizations demonstrated the formation of macrocyclic helicals both in the solid state and in solution. The host–guest behavior of the cyclohelical hosts towards γ‐glutamyl‐cysteinyl‐glycine (GSH) and its component amino acids was investigated by spectroscopic titrations. UV/Vis absorption titration and NMR titrations of Zn–PDB and Zn–PMB upon addition of the above‐mentioned guests suggested that the Glu residue of GSH was positioned within the cavity. The COO− groups interacted with metal ions through static interactions. The Cys moiety of GSH interacted with the amide groups sited in host molecules through hydrogen‐bonding interactions to produce measurable spectral changes. Fluorescent titrations of Zn–PMB upon the addition of GSH and ESI‐MS investigations of the titration solutions confirmed the host–guest interaction modes and revealed the possible 1:1 complexation stoichiometry. These results showed that the recognition of a substrate within the cavity of functionalized metal–organic cage‐like receptors could be a useful method to produce supramolecular sensors for biomolecules.
Electronic Stabilization Effect of a Spin‐Delocalized Neutral Radical: Synthesis of an 8‐Cyano‐6‐oxophenalenoxyl Derivative and Quantitative Evaluation of the Electronic Spin Structure in terms of Resonance Structures
Authors: Nishida Shinsuke , Kariyazono Kazuki , Yamanaka Azusa , Fukui Kozo , Sato Kazunobu , Takui Takeji , Nakasuji Kazuhiro , Morita Yasushi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new 2,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐oxophenalenoxyl (6OPO) derivative with a cyano group at the 8‐position, where a large spin density resides, has been synthesized. This neutral radical exhibits high stability in the solid state in air despite the low steric protection on the 8‐position; the stability is comparable to that of a corresponding 8‐tert‐butylated 6OPO derivative. EPR/1H‐ENDOR/TRIPLE (electron paramagnetic resonance/1H‐electron‐nuclear double resonance/TRIPLE) spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry showed an extended spin delocalization on the cyano group and a significant increase in electron‐accepting ability relative to that of the 8‐tert‐butylated 6OPO derivative. DFT calculations indicated the extension of a singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) onto the cyano group and the lower‐lying SOMO and LUMO in comparison with those of the 8‐tert‐butylated 6OPO derivative, which was consistent with experimental results. Furthermore, the extended nature of π conjugation onto the cyano group was quantitatively evaluated by calculating the contributing weights of resonance structures in terms of a molecular orbital (MO)‐based valence‐bond (VB) method. Herein, the synthesis and physical properties of the 8‐cyano‐6OPO derivative are described, emphasizing that the high stability arises from the electronic effect of the cyano group. Also, the usefulness of the quantitative resonance structure analysis is shown.
Sugammadex is cleared rapidly and primarily unchanged via renal excretion
Authors: Peeters Pierre , Passier Paul , Smeets Jean , Zwiers Alex , de Zwart Marcel , van de Wetering‐Krebbers Saskia , van Iersel Marlou , van Marle Sjoerd , van den Dobbelsteen Diels 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSugammadex is a modified γ‐cyclodextrin which rapidly reverses rocuronium‐and vecuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade. Previous studies suggest that sugammadex is mostly excreted unchanged via the kidneys. This single‐center, open‐label, non‐randomized study used 14C‐labeled sugammadex to further investigate the excretion, metabolic and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of sugammadex in six healthy male volunteers. 14C‐labeled sugammadex 4 mg/kg (0.025 MBq/kg of 14C‐radioactivity) was administered as a single intravenous bolus. Blood, urine, feces and exhaled air samples were collected at pre‐defined intervals for assessment of sugammadex by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) and for radioactivity measurements. Adverse events were also assessed.Excretion of sugammadex was rapid with ∼70% of the dose excreted within 6 h and ∼90% within 24 h. Less than 0.02% of radioactivity was excreted in feces or exhaled air. Ninety‐five percent of the radioactivity detected in urine could be attributed to sugammadex, as determined by LC‐MS, suggesting very limited metabolism of sugammadex. LC‐MS analysis of plasma samples found that sugammadex accounted for 100% of total 14C‐radioactivity in the plasma. In general, PK parameters determined from radioactivity and sugammadex plasma concentrations were very similar. Any adverse events were of mild‐to‐moderate intensity, and judged unrelated to sugammadex. These findings demonstrate that sugammadex is cleared rapidly, almost exclusively via the kidney, with minimal or no metabolism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ASIS&T 2010 plenary session: Restoring information's body
Authors: Hardin Steve 
Published: March 2011

Abstractmagnified imageAs plenary speaker for the ASIS&T 2010 Annual Meeting, Lucy Suchman based her presentation on a reference by author N. Katherine Hayles asserting that information has lost its body. Efforts to restore information's body must recognize the references and context of the information to bring the information back to a point of meaning. In exploring the importance of context for meaningful information, Suchman drew comparisons to the human work behind information, the agent critical to initiate an action, the work meaningful through indirect interactions with an object at a distance. She made further parallels to conversations with a disembodied head, remote control warfare and robotic health care – all interactions with machines, but with humans as invisible agents. Communications research, Suchman indicated, must be mindful of the connection between information and its body in order to fully understand information content.
Adding Value: The business of independent information professionals III: Making it work as an IIP
Authors: Sharp Crystal 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIndependent information professionals not only provide critical information services to clients but, as entrepreneurs, must be attuned to promoting their business. Through a collection of articles, contributors explore how they have expanded their core skills to continually add value for their clients while working to strengthen their own businesses. Members of the Association of Independent Information Professionals (AIIP) describe adding valuable research support through collaboration and teaching, as well as reinforcing customer loyalty and creatively using communications channels to serve clients and expand business.
International collaboration – Needs, essentials and pitfalls
Authors: Phelps Marcy , Hohlfeld Udo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe experiences of two information professionals, both members of the Association of Independent Information Professionals, demonstrate the value and effectiveness of international collaboration. One used the organization's discussion list to seek help from a colleague in Germany for a project researching a business acquired by a German firm. They agreed upon the scope of work, timeframe, delivery format, cost and payment method, and used the difference in time zones to their advantage. Using the AIIP's framework for subcontracting and partnering, they were able to combine their skills across languages and cultures to generate a high quality product in timely fashion, gaining customer satisfaction while building their own professional networks. They also discovered important points for successful international collaboration and pitfalls to avoid.
How to generate income from teaching and training
Authors: Kassel Amelia 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn effective way for independent information professionals to expand business is through teaching the skills they use. Training opportunities include programs, workshops, courses, podcasts and webinars, offered at venues ranging from local meetings to international conferences. Distance education courses through universities are another potential instructional vehicle. Business organizations may offer a useful starting point with eager audiences seeking targeted material. Networking is important to share information on personal expertise and availability. One needs to balance the time and work involved against reasonable compensation, prospects for business development and personal satisfaction.
Implementation and Operation of a Dividing‐Wall Distillation Column
Authors: Barroso‐Muñoz F. O. , Hernández S. , Segovia‐Hernández J. G. , Hernández‐Escoto H. , Rico‐Ramírez V. , Chávez R.‐H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe design and construction of a prototype of a dividing‐wall distillation column was possible by integrating previous knowledge in process intensification, energy savings, theoretical control properties, and closed‐loop dynamics of thermally coupled distillation sequences. In order to achieve the predicted energy savings for this class of complex distillation column, a dividing wall and a side tank were implemented in order to manipulate the internal flows associated with energy consumption. The reaction between ethanol and acetic acid was conducted within the prototype, and the experimental results indicate that a heterogeneous mixture of ethyl acetate and water is obtained as the top product. The temperature profile measured during the experimental run can be used for controlling the batch distillation column in cyclic operation mode.
Emulsion Solidification: Influence of the Droplet Size of the Water‐in‐Oil Emulsion on the Generated Particle Size
Authors: Iqbal J. , Petersen S. , Ulrich J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe solidification or crystallization characteristics of water‐in‐oil (w/o) emulsion drops generated from the capillary in stagnant coolant, here pure water, was investigated. The emulsions were prepared at different energy inputs by using a rotor stator and then pumped through a single orifice with the help of a syringe pump at a constant velocity. The uniform drops from this w/o emulsion were formed at the orifice exit which were then solidified in the coolant at a temperature below the freezing point of oil. The higher the energy input in the emulsification process, the lower was the size of water droplets distributed in the emulsion. The smaller water droplets in the emulsion affected the size of the drops from the orifice which then turned into solid particles. The water droplet distribution in the emulsion and the orientation or location within the solid particles were investigated and the ultimate effects on the particle formation from these emulsions observed.
Influence of Polyethyleneimine Addition on Crystal Size Distribution of Au Nanocrystals
Authors: Mikami T. , Takayasu Y. , Watanabe J. , Hirasawa I. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe influence of polyethyleneimine (PEI) addition on the crystal size distribution (CSD) of Au was investigated. PEI is a water‐soluble cationic polyelectrolyte acting as a reducer of AuCl4– and a stabilizer of precipitated Au nanocrystals. The CSD can be controlled by the PEI dosage, and an increase in PEI dosage decreased both the size and the size distribution width of the obtained Au nanocrystals. The idea of PEI‐assisted reductive crystallization of Au may be helpful in the production of nanometals by using a simple batch crystallizer.
Generation of Crystalline Hollow Needles: New Approach by Liquid‐Liquid Phase Transformation
Authors: Schuster A. , Stelzer T. , Ulrich J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe formation of hollow crystalline needles by means of a solvent‐mediated phase transformation takes place during the dehydration of hydrate crystals in methanol into hollow needle‐shaped anhydrate crystals. Here, a special way of achieving needle growth is presented. When a saturated aqueous solution of sodium‐2‐ketogulonate is dropped into methanol, a simultaneous nucleation of monohydrate crystals and anhydrate needles takes place in the alcohol. It was proven by scanning electron microscope images that these needles are hollow. By means of the variation of the production method, it is for the first time possible to observe the needle growth in a more detailed manner, and to show that the nucleation can take place at impurities and surface roughnesses. The method helped to discuss and to deepen the understanding of the growth mechanism of the hollow crystalline needles.
Decreasing the Diameter of Crystalline Tubes and an Approach to Explain its Nucleation
Authors: Wachsmuth A. , Stelzer T. , Ulrich J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNeedle crystals characterized by hollowness and fast crystal growth can be readily produced via phase transformation of certain hydrates when immersing in an antisolvent. Former research indicated that the diameter of tubes produced by dehydration of the model substance sodium‐2‐keto‐L‐gulonate monohydrate in methanol can be controlled by the initial antisolvent composition. However, recent investigations using single crystals demonstrate that the outer diameter of the tubes can be decreased even further at unexpected low water contents. Furthermore, a new model based on the obtained results in this study is proposed for the currently unknown initial step (nucleation) of the growth of hollow needle crystals.