bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Национальное мягкое право как правовой феномен и инструмент повышения стабильности законодательства
Authors: Usenkov Ivan 
Published: June 2024

Предметом исследования является феномен мягкого права применительно к нацио-нальному праву . Цель исследования — проанализировать указанный феномен и вы-явить его сущность, роль и место, а также влияние на правовую стабильность . Методологический аппарат статьи сформирован на основе методов формальной логики, системного и структурного анализа, мысленного эксперимента, методов правового прогнозирования и толкования правовых норм, моделирования с применением идеальных моделей, сравнительного анализа и экстраполяции . На основе анализа актуальных достижений зарубежной и отечественной научной мысли выявляются и систематизируются признаки мягкого права, позволяющие отграничить его как от традиционного права, так и от неправовых явлений . Указанный анализ производится в контексте актуализации категории «мягкое право», достаточно широко исследо-ванной применительно к международным отношениям и к национальным системам права . Предлагаются авторские дефиниция и классификация мягкого права, рас-крываются феномен «правовой легитимности» и детерминанты создания мягкого права . Сформулирован вывод о том, что для признания мягко-правовой сущности нормы необходимо, чтобы она, не обладая хотя бы одним из обязательных призна-ков нормы традиционного права, чаще всего — общеобязательной нормативности, была способна порождать косвенные правовые последствия либо значительные последствия неправового характера . Также рассматриваются некоторые официальные документы, которые широко представлены в отечественном правовом регулировании и могут быть обозначены в качестве актов национального мягкого права . Предпринята попытка не только постулировать их особый статус, но и обосновать наличие у них признаков мягкого права . По результатам исследования можно заявлять о наличии подобных признаков у официальных разъяснений, документов планирования и актов рекомендательного характера . Также рассмотрено влияние подобных документов на стабильность российского законодательства . Выявлен их значительный потенциал в указанной области, поскольку акты национального мягкого права, во-первых, сами по себе обладают большей стабильностью, чем акты традиционного права, во-вторых, позволяют избежать дополнительных изменений в законодательстве .Для цитирования: Усенков И.А. Национальное мягкое право как правовой феномен и инструмент повышения стабильности законодательства // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2022. Т. 15. № 1. С. 28–58. DOI:10.17323/2072-8166.2022.1.28.58.
Ислам и конституции арабских стран
Authors: Syukiyaynen Leonid 
Published: June 2024

Исламские нормы, принципы и институты оказывают заметное влияние на конституции всех арабских стран, за исключением Ливана. Ислам отражается на конституционном закреплении характера государства, основ власти и общества. Конституции ряда государств прямо провозглашают государство исламским и подчеркивают исламскую принадлежность государства, народа или нации. Конституции почти всех арабских стран закрепляют статус ислама как государственной религии и статус шариата как источника законодательства. Исламские начала пронизывают конституционное регулирование прав и свобод человека — например, свобода вероисповедания в ряде стран ограничена исламскими нормами. Данные предписания включаются в понятие публичного порядка, нормативно закрепленного в некоторых арабских странах. Ислам и шариат прямо воздействуют на конституционные нормы относительно правового статуса женщин, семьи, образования, свободы слова и мнения, деятельности СМИ и научного творчества, а также свободы ассоциаций. Среди обязанностей человека конституции ряда стран называют защиту религии. Отдельные конституции предусматривают, что все права человека должны толковаться в рамках шариата. Регулирование организации и деятельности государственных органов также подвержено влиянию исламских начал. Принципы совещательности, справедливости и равенства считаются основами исламской власти. Исламские нормы отражаются в статусе главы государства, который в указанных странах должен быть мусульманином. В ряде стран высший законодательный орган в соответствии с исламской традицией носит название консультативного совета. Иногда строгое следование исламским ритуалам включается в число требований, которым должен отвечать кандидат в депутаты парламента. Конституции отдельных стран предусматривают создание специальных государственных или иных структур, прямо связанных с исламом и шариатом; таковы, например, Аль-Азхар в Египте, Высший исламский совет в Алжире, Высший совет фетв и жалоб в Мавритании. Конституционный статус ислама и шариата в Саудовской Аравии обладает существенной спецификой — Коран и Сунна Пророка объявлены конституцией страны. Эти два источника рассматриваются стоящими выше всего законодательства Королевства.
The Effect of HCL Concentration on Gelatin Yield, Moisture, and ASH Content from Rabbit’s (Lepus Nigri Collis) Skin
Authors: Gumilar Jajang , Himina Ashafa Maida , Suryaningsih Lilis 
Published: June 2024

Rabbits are slaughtered to get meat, while local rabbit skins are not used because the quality of the skin is poor, therefore local rabbit skins become waste. Rabbit skin contains collagen which is a potential source of gelatin. Gelatin can be obtained from the denaturation of collagen in rabbit skin. HCl is a strong acid with many hydrogen ions so it can hydrolyze collagen fibers into gelatin. This research aimed to examine the influence of HCl concentrations on yield, moisture content, and ash content in gelatin from rabbit skin. This study uses an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design followed by Tukey’s test. There were five concentrations of HCl (T1=1%, T2=2%, T3=3%, T4=4% and T5=5%) with three replications. Statistical analysis showed that HCl treatment had a significant effect (P <0,05) on yield, water content, and ash content in rabbit skin gelatin. The best gelatin in the treatment is 1% HCl which produces gelatin with 3,02% yield, 14,10% moisture content, and 1,32% ash content
Pneumonia promotes pulmonary metastasis of HCC after transplantation via VEGF regulated PI3K/AKT/Cas-9 signaling and angiogenesis
Authors: Zhuang Runzhou , Lu Di , Zhuo Jianyong , Dong Siyi , Zheng Shusen , Wei Qiang , Xu Xiao 
Published: June 2024

Aim: Pneumonia is the most frequent early postoperative complication in liver transplantation (LT) recipients. Inflammation may provide a favorable environment for tumor implantation, so we aimed to evaluate the impact of pneumonia on pulmonary metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and reveal its underlying mechanism.
Methods: A training cohort with 234 LT recipients were recorded and analyzed. Using the propensity-score method, we matched covariates between patients with and without pneumonia. A model for predicting pulmonary metastasis was built and validated in an independent validating cohort containing 179 subjects. A mouse model was built to mimic HCC pulmonary metastasis. The potential pathway was revealed by cytokine array analysis and validated in vitro .
Results: Pneumonia was an independent risk factor for pulmonary metastasis in liver transplant recipients. It promoted pulmonary metastasis in both the clinical setting and the mouse model. In vitro , LPS-stimulated VEGF secretion from macrophages in the lung significantly reduced cell apoptosis and activated PI3K/AKT/cas-9 signaling. Administration of VEGF receptor2 inhibitor Vatalanib could reduce metastasis and improve prognosis in pneumonia mice.
Conclusion: Pneumonia promotes HCC pulmonary metastasis by activating PI3K/AKT/Cas-9 signaling in HCC cells via macrophage-originated VEGF. Vatalanib might be efficient in reducing HCC pulmonary metastasis in liver transplant recipients with pneumonia.
Lack of Consensus on the Management of Medial Collateral Ligament Tears in the Setting of Concomitant Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Blaber Olivia K. , DeFoor Mikalyn T. , Aman Zachary A. , McDermott Emily R. , DePhillipo Nicholas N. , Dickens Jonathan F. , Dekker Travis J. 
Published: June 2024

» There is no clear agreement on the optimal timing or superior type of fixation for medial collateral ligament (MCL) tears in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.» Anatomic healing of medial knee structures is critical to maintain native knee kinematics, supported by biomechanical studies that demonstrate increased graft laxity and residual valgus rotational instability after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) alone in the setting of concomitant ACL/MCL injury.» Historically, most surgeons have favored treating acute combined ACL/MCL tears conservatively with MCL rehabilitation, followed by stress radiographs at 6 weeks after injury to assess for persistent valgus laxity before performing delayed ACLR to allow for full knee range of motion, and reduce the risk of postoperative stiffness and arthrofibrosis.» However, with the advancement of early mobilization and aggressive physical therapy protocols, acute surgical management of MCL tears in the setting of ACL injury can have benefits of avoiding residual laxity and further intra-articular damage, as well as earlier return to sport.» Residual valgus laxity from incomplete MCL healing at the time of ACLR should be addressed surgically, as this can lead to an increased risk of ACLR graft failure.» The treatment of combined ACL/MCL injuries requires an individualized approach, including athlete-specific factors such as level and position of play, timing of injury related to in-season play, contact vs. noncontact sport, and anticipated longevity, as well as consideration of the tear pattern, acuity of injury, tissue quality, and surgeon familiarity with the available techniques.
Chlorantraniliprole mediating the survival and behavior of adults of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato
Authors: Martins Matheus , Nascimento Ana , Fernandes Maria , Tronto Jairo , Fonseca Luciano , Silva Ryan Silva e , Fernandes Flavio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Tuta absoluta is a major pest of tomato. An insecticide that acts in several phases of the life cycle of the pest, can present greater control efficiency and greater amplitude of action, possessing greater capacity in reducing the population of the insect. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the lethal concentrations for caterpillar and adults of T. absoluta and to evaluate whether the insecticide chlorantraniliprole influences the behavior and oviposition of adults of T. absoluta as well as the mortality of caterpillar. The insect population was collected in tomato production and created in the laboratory, being used in toxicity studies. We determined lethal concentrations (LCs) and side effects in laboratory oviposition tests, and on oviposition and mortality of adults in field trials were evaluated. The insecticide chlorantraniliprole caused mortality in caterpillar and adults of T. absoluta, in addition to presenting a side effects, reducing both the number of eggs, in laboratory and field trials, as the number of adults of T. absoluta.
Cu Extractability and Machine Learning Modeling of the Putative Role of Hydrocotyle umbellata L. in Environmental Remediation
Authors: Saeed Sidra Hussan , Gazder Uneb , Gillani Ghulam Mujtaba Shah , Mahmood Qaisar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The key objective of the research was to investigate the potential of Hydrocotyle umbellata L. as a hyperaccumulator in Copper (Cu) contaminated environments and to enhance understanding of its phytoextraction efficiency through the application of unsupervised machine learning techniques alongside statistical comparisons. Here effects of Cu toxicity on pigments content, total flavonoids, total phenolic content, electrolyte leakage, translocation and bio-concentration factor were analyzed in H. umbellata L. by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), paired t-test and correlation analysis. Whereas, the ML was applied to various experimental outputs of H. umbellata after Cu phytoextraction. The ML techniques included cluster analysis and Classification and Regression Tree (CART). There were 48 samples available for the clustering analysis with three variables (TF observations, plant part and treatment levels.) Results indicated the highest metal uptake was by roots and value of TF was 1.114 making the plant appropriate for phytoextraction of Cu. This would be one of the first attempts showing the effects of Cu toxicity on physiology, biochemical compounds, leakage ratio along with BCF and TF in H. umbellata L. Moreover, new insights from ML model interpretation along with statistical models against Cu stress could guide the effective phytoremediation by detecting the phytoextraction ability of H. umbellate L.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-8(7H)-one derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and antioxidants
Authors: Du Wen-Rong , Wei Ben-Ben , Guo Xin-Yuan , Lan Yong , Shang Pan-Pan , Wang Yi-Xuan , Zhou Xue-Wei , Wang Xiao-Ke , Ma Zheng-Yue 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

A series of 8-(piperazin-1-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives were designed and synthesized as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and antioxidants for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, the biological evaluation results demonstrated that these synthesized compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory activities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and radical scavenging activities. Among them, compound 14r was the most potent AChE inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.47 µM and moderate inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) (IC50 = 11.02 µM). Meanwhile compound 14r had the best selectivity of AChE and selectivity index (SI) values was 23.45. Compound 14r has better activity as well as AChE selectivity compared to reference drug galantamine (AChE IC50 = 5.01 µM, BuChE IC50 = 18.46 µM, SI = 3.68). Compound 14o had the best antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 89.33 µM, which was lower than that of ascorbic acid (IC50 value = 25.70 µM) as the control drug. Furthermore, the results of molecular docking studies indicated that 14r could simultaneously bind to both catalytic active site and peripheral anionic site of AChE, which was consistent with the mixed inhibition pattern shown by enzyme kinetic studies. The interaction’s stability of 14r-AChE/BuChE were also assessed using a conventional atomistic 100 ns dynamics simulation study, which revealed the conformational stability of representative compound 14r in the cavity of the AChE. In addition, the molecular properties of all compounds were predicted online through the SwissADME, and the best active compound 14r matched the properties of most orally administered drugs. Based on the biological activity and molecular properties, compound 14r as AChEI was valuable for further development.
Efficacy of Adalimumab in pediatric non-infectious uveitis with apparent and non-apparent anterior uveitis
Authors: Zhang Chunbo , Xue Xiaorong , Xiao Jinan , Li Qiongge , Zhai Yuyao , Chen Ying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Adalimumab (ADA) has been used for treating various types of pediatric non-infectious uveitis. Existing studies lack an examination of the correlation between the clinical characteristics of uveitis and the success rate of ADA treatment. The present study is to identify the clinical characteristic of cases that is related to the response rate of ADA treatment.
Methods
A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for pediatric patients with non-infectious uveitis undergoing ADA treatment for a minimum of six months. The patients were stratified into two groups: apparent anterior uveitis (AAU) and with non-apparent anterior uveitis (NAAU). Outcomes including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior chamber cell (ACC), vitreous haze (VH) grade, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, fundus fluorescein angiography (FA) scores, as well as systemic immunosuppression therapy (IMT) and glucocorticoid load, were assessed. Treatment success was defined based on a composite outcome involving the aforementioned variables.
Results
The study included 59 patients (111 eyes), with 44 patients (83 eyes, 74.58%) falling into the AAU group and 15 patients (28 eyes, 25.42%) in the NAAU group. Following 6-month of ADA treatment in the AAU group, there was a significant improvement in BCVA (p < 0.001), improved ACC (p < 0.001) and VH (p < 0.001), decreased RNFL thickness (p < 0.001), reduced FA scores (p < 0.001). Conversely, no significant differences were observed in BCVA, VH, RNFL thickness, FA scores between baseline and the 6-month follow-up visit in the NAAU group. There was also a significant decrease in systemic IMT and glucocorticoid dosing, comparing baseline to the 6-month follow-up visit in both the AAU (p < 0.001) and NAAU groups (p < 0.05). The rate of treatment success in the AAU group was significantly higher compared to that in NAAU patients (93.18% vs. 20%, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
ADA demonstrates superior efficacy in the treatment of pediatric non-infectious uveitis with AAU compared to NAAU.
Exploring Planetary Health Perspectives of Mosquito-borne Infections in Canada: A Rapid Scoping Review
Authors: Hollett Lucas N. , Chapman Tom , Sarkar Atanu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Over the past couple of decades, mosquito-borne diseases have increased in Canada. ‘Planetary Health’ is a novel concept that encompasses the impacts of the triple planetary health crisis of climate change, nature and biodiversity loss, and pollution and waste. This study aimed to conduct a rapid scoping review on planetary health with regard to mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases in Canada, in order to understand the complex relations. This synthesis will identify knowledge gaps, emerging threats, mitigation scopes and it will inform future research scopes. An online query of EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science was performed and a total of 2,086 citations were retrieved. Finally, 62 articles were then reviewed and synthesized. Temperature and precipitation are playing significant roles in mosquito abundance, extension of temporal distribution and the spread from historical distributions of invasive species to newer geographic locations. In fact, the temperature has been rising so high that some species are now predominantly producing eggs without having taken a blood meal (autogeny). Warmer temperatures increased vector viral loads by several folds, thereby, climate change is effectively making infection rates higher and extending the transmission season. Destruction of the natural environment due to anthropogenic activities depopulates native predators resulting in the flourishing of mosquito populations. Pesticides used to control mosquitoes often failed to gain desired results due to operational and technological limitations and unintended ecological consequences. Planetary Health perspective can provide comprehensive analysis of mosquitoes’ presence and abundance, establishment and expansion of invasive mosquito species and disease carrying capacity for both the native and invasive species. Thus, Canada is at risk of outbreak of several exotic mosquito-borne infections. For public health measures and research, planetary health perspectives are required to better understand the complex and multifaceted connections between infections, ecosystem, climate change and anthropogenic activities.
Photocatalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation Process for the Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater using modified bentonite /UV/TiO2/ZnO
Authors: Jamil Tayyaba 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of photocatalyst (Clay/UV/TiO2/ZnO) for antibiotic removal from real pharmaceutical wastewater by Combined UV, Catalytic Ozonation-Electroflucculation process. The experiments were performed in a modified hybrid batch reactor with UV-C lamp. The effect of four operational variables such as the applied voltage of (5–15 V), ozone dose of (0.2–0.8 mg/min), pH (5–10), and catalyst dose (0.5–1.5 g/L) on turbidity and COD removal was investigated. Removal efficiencies of antibiotics (carbamazepine and amoxicillin) were evaluated and compared with ozonation (O3), photocatalytic Ozonation (UV/O3), Electroflucculation (EF)/UV, catalytic ozonation/UV, and Hybrid O3/catalytic ozonation/UV/EF. The results showed that the modified hybrid process with UV irradiations provided the highest removal efficiency of 86.9% for COD, and turbidity of 81.66% under optimized conditions of (DC volts of 10 V; catalyst dose of 1 g/L, and ozone dose of 0.6mg/min). The pharmaceuticals removal obtained for amoxicillin was 100% and 95% for carbamazepine. The detailed mechanism was also explored for better understanding of each process. The combined process was effective for treating pharmaceutical wastewater. Therefore, it was suggested that the novel photocatalyst and hybrid system can be used for treating real effluents in large scale and to meet UN sustainability goals.
Imperative Bioactive Metabolites from Portieria hornemannii Exhibiting Anticancer Potentiality: A Mini-Review
Authors: Pangotra Akanksha , Cojandaraj Louis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
Seaweeds are regarded as an important and alternative source of bioactive metabolites. It
has recently come to the attention of researchers that marine algae have important physiologically
active metabolites capable of displaying a range of biological activities, and the compounds extracted
from seaweeds are known to target key molecules that control the processes leading to cancer. Cancer
is one of the most common and potentially fatal diseases worldwide. It is characterised by uncontrolled
proliferation of cells and tumour development. Every year, the global cancer burden is increasing
progressively as a result of the ability of cancer cells to acquire resistance against existing chemotherapeutic
drugs. Thus, there is a need to develop new drugs that could hamper this process leading
to cancer. Marine-derived natural bioactive compounds pose as major potential candidates to develop
such molecules. Portieria hornemannii, a marine macroalgae belonging to the group Rhodophyta
found in coastal plains of Indo-Pacific regions, has shown the presence of a variety of bioactive compounds
that show significant anticancer activities and antioxidant properties. A number of chemical
compounds are found in this species, which results in the macroalgae having significant anticancer
activity. Therefore, the primary focus of the review is to highlight the bioactive compounds found in
P. hornemannii that exhibit such anticancer potential.