bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exaptation within structure: the challenge of external resources and risk-taking for public R&amp;D institutions
Authors: Toscani Giulio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) emerges as a prominent research & development (R&D) entity in high-performance computing, facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations that integrate computational methodologies with empirical research. Through interviews with 20 BSC experts, this study elucidates the organizational dynamics of publicly funded institutions. It reveals an internal exaptation, an adaptation as pivotal mechanism, and the requisite for external exaptation to address challenges related to recruitment alignment with productivity metrics, budget constraints, and reluctance to assume leadership roles. The BSC employs exaptation tactics, facing obstacles in enlarging its workforce and bolstering support services; nonetheless, BSC's fluid environment mandates a willingness to assume risks in order to enact pioneering resolutions for enduring expansion and effective personnel administration.
Feasibility of magnetomyography with optically pumped magnetometers in a mobile magnetic shield
Authors: Nordenström Simon , Lebedev Victor , Hartwig Stefan , Kruse Marlen , Marquetand Justus , Broser Philip , Middelmann Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

While magnetomyography (MMG) using optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) is a promising method for non-invasive investigation of the neuromuscular system, it has almost exclusively been performed in magnetically shielded rooms (MSRs) to date. MSRs provide extraordinary conditions for biomagnetic measurements but limit the widespread adoption of measurement methods due to high costs and extensive infrastructure. In this work, we address this issue by exploring the feasibility of mobile OPM-MMG in a setup of commercially available components. From field mapping and simulations, we find that the employed zero-field OPM can operate within a large region of the mobile shield, beyond which residual magnetic fields and perturbations become increasingly intolerable. Moreover, with digital filtering and moderate averaging a signal quality comparable to that in a heavily shielded MSR is attained. These findings facilitate practical and cost-effective implementations of OPM-MMG systems in clinical practice and research.
Inhibition of chondroitin sulphate-degrading enzyme Chondroitinase ABC by dextran sulphate
Authors: Dalal Sagar , Moh Edward S.X. , Packer Nicolle H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Chondroitin sulphate (CS) is a sulphated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) polysaccharide found on proteoglycans (CSPGs) in extracellular and pericellular matrices. Chondroitinase ABC (CSase ABC) derived from Proteus vulgaris is an enzyme that has gained attention for the capacity to cleave chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycans (GAG) from various proteoglycans such as Aggrecan, Neurocan, Decorin etc. The substrate specificity of CSase ABC is well-known for targeting various structural motifs of CS chains and has gained popularity in the field of neuro-regeneration by selective degradation of CS GAG chains. Within this context, our investigation into the biochemistry of CSase ABC led us to a previously unreported inhibition of CSase ABC activity by Dextran Sulfate (DexS). To understand the inhibitory effects of DexS, we compared its inhibition of CSase ABC to that of other polysaccharides such as Heparan Sulfate, Heparin, Colominic Acid, Fucoidan, and Dextran. This analysis identified key structural factors such as monosaccharide composition and linkage, sulphation degree and overall charge as influencing CSase ABC inhibition. Remarkably, DexS emerged as a unique inhibitor of CSase ABC, with distinctive inhibitory effects that correlate with its chain length. DexS has been used to reliably induce ulcerative colitis in mice, effectively mimicking inflammatory bowel diseases in humans, and has been previously shown to inhibit both RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase. Our investigation emphasizes the interplay between the properties of DexS and CSase ABC, providing significant insights into the utilization of polysaccharide-based inhibitors for modulating enzyme activity.
3D characterization of kinematic fields and poroelastic swellingnear the tip of a propagating crack in a hydrogel
Authors: Li Chenzhuo , Zubko Danila , Delespaul Damien , Kolinski John Martin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In fracture mechanics, polyacrylamide hydrogels have been widely used as a model material for experiments, benefited from its optical transparency, fracture brittleness, and low Rayleigh wave velocity. To describe the brittle fracture in the hydrogels, linear elastic fracture mechanics comes as the first choice. However, in soft materials such as hydrogels, the crack opening can be extremely large, leading to substantial geometric nonlinearity and material nonlinearity at the crack tip. Furthermore, poroelasticity may also modify the local mechanical state within the polymer network. Direct characterization of the kinematic fields and poroelastic effect at the crack tip is lacking.Here, based on a hybrid method of digital image correlation and particle tracking technique, we retrieved high-resolution 3D particle trajectories near the tip of a slowly propagating crack and measured the near-tip 3D kinematic fields, including the displacement fields, rotation fields, stretch fields, strain fields, and swelling fields. Results confirmed the complex multi-axial stretching near the crack tip and the substantial geometric nonlinearity, particularly on the two wakes of the crack where rotation exceeds $30^{\circ}$. Comparison between the measured and predicted displacement and strain fields, derived from linear elastic fracture mechanics, highlights a disagreement in the direct vicinity of the crack tip, particularly for displacement component $u_x$ and through-thickness strain component $\varepsilon_{zz}$. Significant swelling, due to the poroelastic solvent migration, is also observed, with a strong correlation to the local stretch. Our experimental method, without any assumption of the material properties, can be readily extended to study 3D crack tips in a huge varieties of materials, and our results can shed light on the fundamental fracture mechanics and the development of material models for soft materials undergoing large multi-axial loading and substantial swelling.
Analysis of flue gases in a solar powered napkin incinerator
Authors: R Bakiyalakshmi , Dey Rishav , Vasanthmurali Nishanth , M Smelisha Rajan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the composition and characteristics of flue gases emitted from a solar-powered napkin incinerator, with a focus on assessing environmental impact and operational efficiency. It also involves a study and implementation of requisite filters to minimise the impact of the harmful flue gases. As the demand for sustainable waste management solutions grows, solar-powered incinerators offer a promising alternative for the disposal of sanitary napkins, addressing both hygiene concerns and environmental sustainability.Such insights are crucial for promoting the widespread adoption of sustainable waste management technologies and advancing global efforts towards a cleaner and healthier environment.
Prediction of Characteristics of Pervious Concrete by Machine Learning Technique Using Mix Parameters and Non-destructive Test Measurements
Authors: Sathiparan Navaratnarajah , Jeyananthan Pratheeba , Wijekoon Sathushka Heshan , Subramaniam Daniel Niruban 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Ensuring quality in pervious concrete poses challenges, limiting its use. This work investigates the potential of machine learning to forecast its properties, offering a novel and accessible approach. Five machine learning techniques were employed on 300 experimental data points, considering mix parameters (aggregate size, ratio, compaction) and non-destructive measurement (ultrasonic velocity, resistivity). Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) excelled, achieving high accuracy (R2 > 0.97) for prediction of porosity and compressive strength. Sensitivity analysis revealed the dominant influence of compaction energy, aggregate-to-cement ratio, and ultrasonic velocity, while aggregate size and resistivity had minimal impact. This study suggests that machine learning models, particularly ANNs, can be reliable and efficient for predicting pervious concrete properties. This has the potential to improve quality control and encourage broader adoption in the construction sector, ultimately leading to more sustainable and permeable infrastructure.
Zinc Metal Complex as NIR Emissive Probe for Real Time Dynamics and in-Vivo Embryogenic Evolution of Lysosomes using Super Resolution Microscopy
Authors: Nandi Chayan , Salam Abdul , Kaushik Kush , Mukherjee Bodhidipra , Anjum Farhan , Sapkal Goraksha , Sharma Shagun , Garg Richa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) based fluorescent metal complexes have gained increasing attention due to their non-toxicity and high brightness with marked fluorescent quantum yield (QY). However, they have scarcely been employed in super-resolution microscopy (SRM) for studying live cells and in vivo dynamics of lysosomes. Here, we present an NIR emissive highly photostable Zn-complex as multifaceted fluorescent probe for the long-term dynamical distribution of lysosomes in various cancerous and non-cancerous cells in live condition and in vivo embryogenic evolution in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Apart from the normal fission, fusion, kiss and run, the motility and the exact location of lysosome at each point were mapped precisely. A notable difference in the lysosomal motility in the peripheral region in between cancerous and non-cancerous cells were distinctly observed which is attributed to the difference in viscosity of cytoplasmic environment. On the other hand, along with super-resolved structure of the smallest size lysosome (~ 77 nm) in live C. elegans, the complete in vivo embryogenic evolution of lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles (LROs) closely for 16 hours at different stages starting from a single cell to a fully matured C. elegans was captured.
Neutrosophic Cubic Fuzzy Bonferroni Arithematic Mean Operator and Its Application in Group Decision Making Problems
Authors: Azam Muhammad , Jadoon Atif Mehmood 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Fuzzy set theory play a key role in decision making. The philosophical concepts of neutrosophic set theory were studied by many researcher around the globe. Interval valued and single valued interval valued neutrosophic set is a best way to handle fuzzy data more accurately and precisely. Beside this neutrosophic cubic Numbers are quite enough for cracking and patching of large data in fuzzy decision making environment. Under the neutrosophic cubic sets (NCFS) with Bonferroni mean (BM) the present paper developed some new novel aggregation like (NCFABM x,y) and (WNCFABM x,y) with its admirable features. Further we highlighted the remarkable grip of these operators with different parameter values towards MCDM. In last a real life example based on proposed measure under neutrosophic cubic fuzzy sets (NCFS) environment has been included in term of counter intuitive cases for showing the validity and reliability.
Genetic diversity and recurrent parent phenome recovery assessment in six distinct populations with introgression of LCVD resistant gene from hot pepper to heat tolerant bell pepper
Authors: S Tejpal Singh , Jindal Salesh Kumar , Sharma Abhishek , Chawla Neena 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The development of resistant cultivars through backcross breeding is the most practical and efficient way to combat the disease. Resistance breeding for Capsicum species started in India in the late 1960s, however the majority of the screening work was done in open fields. Using marker-assisted, strict phenotypic selection and backcross breeding, we attempted, for the first time, to transfer the LCVD (Leaf Curl Virus Disease) resistant gene from the donor hot pepper parent S-343, a strong LCVD resistant line in India, into the genetic background of six heat-tolerant bell pepper inbreds, in limited generations, in order to develop new LCVD resistant lines in bell pepper. In current research it was observed that the recurring parent phenome (RPP) recovery is above 80% in all of the developed BC2F1 populations for all the studied attributes except for some characters such as fruit width (63.33%), number of fruits plant− 1 (76.32%) & 1000 seed dry weight (78.62%) in LCVRS3SM-8, and for capsaicin content (75%, in each) in LCVRS3SM-17 and LCVRS3SM-58. Likewise, paired t-test analysis also dictates that there was no significance difference among the BC2F1 populations and their respective recurrent parents for most of the attributes. The genetic diversity analysis revealed the supporting evidence for the effectiveness of stringent phenotypic selection for RPP recovery for most of the studied attributes as these traits exhibited high heritability coupled with high values of GCV and PCV along with high estimates of genetic advance and high genetic gain which suggests that these attributes were strongly influenced by additive gene action. LCVD resistant lines produced by this experiment will be used in future resistance breeding programmes for bell peppers.
Intelligent Monitoring for Anomaly Recognition using CNNand YOLOv9
Authors: PINGALE SIDDESH , HUNDALEKAR ABHISHEK , Naidu Vamshi Rajkumar , Shirsath Vishal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The prompt and precise detection of firearms is essential in today's security environments to ensure public safety. This research paper provides a novel method for real-time weapon detection using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) techniques and YOLOv9 object recognition framework in both live and prerecorded film. By integrating YOLOv9, object detection accuracy and speed are considerably improved, facilitating the quick identification of possible threats. The presented method exhibits strong performance in various lighting settings and environments, with excellent recall rates and precision thorough testing and assessment. This approach used CNN based architecture and deep learning to effectively detect and categorize weapons in video frames which achieves 97.62 % accuracy.
Combination of Arsenic trioxide and Apatinib Synergistically Inhibits Small Cell Lung Cancer by Down-Regulating VEGFR2/mTOR and Akt/c-Myc Signaling Pathway via GRB10
Authors: 于 瑶 , Shang Yu , Shi Si , He Yaowu , Shi Wenchao , Wang Menghan , Wang Qi , Xu Dandan , Chen Hong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is characterized by poor prognosis. High predilection for -metastasis, -proliferation, and absence of newer therapeutic options. Elucidation of newer pathways characterizing the disease may allow development targeted therapies and favorable outcomes.
Methods
Combinatorial action of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and apatinib (APA) were tested in-vitro and in-vivo. In-vitro models were tested using H446 and H196 SCLC cell lines. The ability of drugs to reduce metastasis, cell proliferation, and migration was assessed. Using bioinformatic analysis, differentially expressed genes were determined. Using gene knock down models and Western blot technique gene regulation was studied. The in-vivo models were used to confirm the resolution of pathognomic features in the presence of the drugs. GRB10 expression levels of human small cell lung cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by IHC.
Results
In combination, ATO and APA significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis in both cell lines. Cell proliferation was found to be inhibited by activation of Caspase-3, -7 pathway. In the presence of drugs, it was found that growth factor receptor bound protein (GRB)10 was stabilized. The silencing of GRB10 was found to negatively regulate the VEGFR2/Akt/mTOR and Akt/GSK-3β/c-Myc signaling pathway. Absence of metastasis, reduction of tumor volume was seen in-vivo. The immunohistochemical results confirmed that the expression level of GRB10 in adjacent tissues was significantly higher than that in human small cell lung cancer tissues.
Conclusions
Synergistically, ATO and APA have a more significant impact on inhibiting cell proliferation than each drug independently. ATO and APA mediate its action through the stabilization of GRB10 thus acting as a tumor suppressor. We thus, preliminarily report the impact of GRB10 stability as a target for SCLC treatment.
piRNA-823 exerts protective effects on high glucose concentration–induced HUVEC pyroptosis by targeting LCN2
Authors: Tan Yao , Zeng Qian , Sun Xinguo , Qin Jianning , Han Yang , Zhao Simin , Wan Hengquan , Liu Shali , Zhang Chi , Fan Wenjing , Qu Shunlin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose It has been reported that non-coding RNAs can regulate endothelial cell pyroptosis, thereby playing a role in diabetes and its vascular complications, however, few studies have been conducted to date to explore the effect of PIRNA in diabetic vascular complications, and we aimed to explore the effect of piRNA-823 on hyperglycemia-induced pyroptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the specific mechanism Methods LDH was detected in the supernatant of different groups, The levels of IL-1βand IL-18 were detected by ELISA. The protein expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD and ASC were detected by WB, Total RNA was extracted from piRNA-823 mimics and piRNA-823 NC cells for high-throughput sequencing, and differentially expressed genes were screened by bioinformatics analysis. The expressions of pyroptosis-related proteins in different groups were detected and the morphological changes of cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy. Results High glucose can reduce piRNA-823 expression, and increasing piRNA-823 expression can inhibit hyperglucose-induced endothelial cell pyroptosis, and the mechanism is to reverse hyperglucose-induced HUVEC cell pyroptosis by targeting LCN2. Conclusion piRNA-823 targets LCN2 to inhibit hyperglycemic induced pyroptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Periodic properties of partially coherent generalized Hermite cosh-Gaussian beams through a gradient-index medium
Authors: Saad Faroq , Benzehoua Halima , Ali Omar Adil M. , Belafhal Abdelmajid 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we conducted a detailed investigation on the evolution of a partially coherent generalized Hermite cosh-Gaussian beam (PCGHchGB) through a gradient-index medium. Analytical formula for a PCGHchGB propagating in the gradient-index medium is obtained based on ABCD transfer matrix and generalized diffraction integral formula. We discuss the periodic changes of the corresponding beam through the gradient-index medium by performing numerical examples. Our obtained results demonstrate that the gradient-index parameter of media and the initial beam parameters, such as the coherence width, beam waist width, decentered beam parameter, and beam orders, affect the evolution characteristics on the intensity distribution of the PCGHchGB in the gradient-index medium. The results of this work could be beneficial for applications in optical communication and nonlinear optics.
VisionVerse: Dynamic Video Question Answering Through Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Authors: Sajeev Abhiram S , Joseph Adhya Sanil , T Amal Madhav , Varghese Surekha Mariam , T Aby Abahai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In the digital age, video content has become a distinguished form for information sharing, entertainment, and education. However, navigating and comprehending lengthy video content can be time-consuming and challenging for users. The project introduces an innovative solution that can sway state-of-the-art language models to transform extensive video content into concise text contents, making it more accessible and user-friendly. By leveraging Retrieval Augmented Generation(RAG), it accurately condenses videos into text form, ensuring that the core message and key details are retained. This process enhances the efficiency of content consumption by providing users with a quick, readable overview of the video's contents. Furthermore, introducing an interactive chatbot that enables users to engage with the video content. Users can ask questions, seek clarifications, or ferret in deeper into specific aspects of the video. The chatbot is powered by a Large Language Model, which enables meaningful and context-aware interactions. The idea not only facilitates better understanding but also encourages active participation and knowledge retention. Also, benefits of interactive chatbot and video summarisation technologies together, offering users a dynamic and engaging means to access and interact with video content. The system employs advanced video-to-text summarisation techniques to automatically extract the most relevant information from videos. This innovation has significant potential applications in education, research, and the digital content landscape, where the efficient dissemination of information is paramount.
Simulation of a-SiGe/c-Si solar cell with silicene front contact
Authors: Madmeli Kiarash , Madmeli Arash , Ganji Jabbar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to utilize the two-dimensional (2D) structures of silicone (known as silicene) in the structure of solar cells. Its spectacular optical and electronic properties justify its application in solar structures. For this purpose, silicene was involved in the solar cell structure in 3 manners: as silicene1, an n-type semiconductor layer doped with P impurity; silicene2, a p-type semiconductor layer doped with Al; and as the free-standing silicene for the front contact. The former two applications were conducted in the ITO/silicene (1, 2)/MoS2 (n)/a-SiGe: H (i)/c-Si (P)/Au structure, while the latter was in the Silicene/MoS2 (n)/a-SiGe: H (i)/c-Si (P)/Au structure. Using the AFORS-HET software, the solar cells were exposed to Am1.5 spectrum radiation at 300K temperature, and the impacts of 1 sun, 0.1 sun, and 10 sun of radiant intensity were evaluated to obtain a better insight into the function of this nanoribbon. The highest efficiencies in the mentioned radiant intensities were observed in the proposed cell with the silicene1 layer as the semiconductor, which were 18.96%, 17.96%, and 19.22%, respectively. Moreover, the efficiencies of the cell with free-standing silicene as the front contact were 27.13%, 25.95%, and 27.65%, respectively, in the mentioned radiant intensities.
Mating assay: Plating below a cell density threshold is required for unbiased estimation of transfer frequency or transfer rate
Authors: He Zhiming , Smets Barth F. , Dechesne Arnaud 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Mating assays are common laboratory experiments for measuring the rate, frequency, or efficiency at which a plasmid transfers from a population of donor cells to a population of recipient cells. Selective plating remains a widely used quantification method to enumerate transconjugants at the end of such assays. However, transfer frequencies or rates may be inaccurately estimated because plasmid transfer can occur on transconjugant-selective plates rather than only during the intended mating period. We investigated the influence of cell density on this phenomenon. We conducted mating experiments with IncPα plasmid RP4 at a range of cell densities and mating conditions and compared the results to a model of cell-to-cell distance distribution. Our findings suggest that irrespective of the mating mode (solid vs liquid), the enumeration of transconjugants is significantly biased if the plated cell density exceeds 20 Colony Forming Unit (CFU) /mm2 (or 1.2x105 CFU per standard 9 cm Petri dish). Liquid mating assays were more sensitive to this bias because the transfer frequency of RP4 is several orders of magnitude lower in suspension compared to surface mating. Therefore, if selective plating is used, we recommend to plate below this density threshold and that negative controls are performed where donors and recipients are briefly mixed before plating at the same dilutions as for the actual mating assay.