bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy after adolescent and adult cancer: A population‐based matched cohort study
Authors: Stensheim Hanne , Cvancarova Milada , Møller Bjørn , Fosså Sophie D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDespite fertility‐preserving initiatives, postcancer reproduction is expected to be lower than that of the general population. Using data from the Cancer Registry and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, postcancer pregnancy rates were analyzed in 27,556 survivors and compared to those from a matched comparison group (“controls”) from the general population. All were born after 1950, diagnosed from 1967 to 2004 at age of 16–45, and had an observation time from the date of diagnosis (assigned date for controls), until pregnancy, death, age 46, or December 31, 2006. Cox regression was used to estimate pregnancy rates, after adjusting for educational level, parity and diagnostic period. Overall, cancer survivors had a lower pregnancy rate than the controls, but the rate for survivors was higher in males than in females [hazard rate (HR) = 0.74 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–0.78) and HR = 0.61 (95% CI 0.58–0.64), respectively]. However, the rates did not differ between controls and survivors of malignant melanoma or thyroid cancer. By contrast, the lowest HRs for pregnancy occurred in survivors of leukemia, cervical or breast cancer. Increased pregnancy rates during the study period were detected for ovarian cancer [HR = 0.2 (95% CI 0.1–0.3) to HR = 0.7 (95% CI 0.5–0.9)], testicular cancer [HR = 0.6 (95% CI 0.4–0.9) to HR = 0.8 (95% CI 0.7–0.8)], and Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed in men [HR = 0.7 (95% CI 0.5–0.9) to HR = 0.9 (95% CI 0.7–1.0)]. In summary, fertility‐preserving attempts have succeeded in patients with ovarian or testicular cancer and in males with Hodgkin lymphoma. Male survivors initiated pregnancies in a higher degree than female survivors.
Maternal anxiety symptoms and mother–infant self‐ and interactive contingency
Authors: Beebe Beatrice , Steele Miriam , Jaffe Joseph , Buck Karen A. , Chen Henian , Cohen Patricia , Kaitz Marsha , Markese Sara , Andrews Howard , Margolis Amy , Feldstein Stanley 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAssociations of maternal self‐report anxiety‐related symptoms with mother–infant 4‐month face‐to‐face play were investigated in 119 pairs. Attention, affect, spatial orientation, and touch were coded from split‐screen videotape on a 1‐s time base. Self‐ and interactive contingency were assessed by time‐series methods. Because anxiety symptoms signal emotional dysregulation, we expected to find atypical patterns of mother–infant interactive contingencies, and of degree of stability/lability within an individual's own rhythms of behavior (self‐contingencies). Consistent with our optimum midrange model, maternal anxiety‐related symptoms biased the interaction toward interactive contingencies that were both heightened (vigilant) in some modalities and lowered (withdrawn) in others; both may be efforts to adapt to stress. Infant self‐contingency was lowered (“destabilized”) with maternal anxiety symptoms; however, maternal self‐contingency was both lowered in some modalities and heightened (overly stable) in others. Interactive contingency patterns were characterized by intermodal discrepancies, confusing forms of communication. For example, mothers vigilantly monitored infants visually, but withdrew from contingently coordinating with infants emotionally, as if mothers were “looking through” them. This picture fits descriptions of mothers with anxiety symptoms as overaroused/fearful, leading to vigilance, but dealing with their fear through emotional distancing. Infants heightened facial affect coordination (vigilance), but dampened vocal affect coordination (withdrawal), with mother's face—a pattern of conflict. The maternal and infant patterns together generated a mutual ambivalence.
Polyelectrolyte microcapsules with entrapped multicellular tumor spheroids as a novel tool to study the effects of photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zaytseva‐Zotova Daria S. , Udartseva Olga O. , Andreeva Elena R. , Bartkowiak Artur , Bezdetnaya Lina N. , Guillemin François , Goergen Jean‐Louis , Markvicheva Elena A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn the current study, semi‐permeable alginate‐oligochitosan microcapsules for multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) generation were elaborated and tested, to estimate a response of the microencapsulated MTS (MMTS) to photodynamic therapy (PDT). The microcapsules (mean diameter 600 μm) with entrapped human breast adenocarcinoma MCF‐7 cells were obtained using an electrostatic bead generator, and MMTS were generated by in vitro long‐term cell cultivation. The formed MMTS were incubated in Chlorin e6 photosensitizer solution and then irradiated using 650‐nm laser light. The cell viability was measured by MTT‐assay in 24 h after irradiation, and histological analysis was performed. The proposed MTS‐based model was found to be more resistant to the PDT than the two‐dimensional monolayer cell culture model. Thus, MMTS could be considered as a promising three‐dimesional in vitro model to estimate the doses of drugs or parameters for PDT in vitro before carrying out preclinical tests. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
The use of sodium polystyrene sulfonate in the inpatient management of hyperkalemia
Authors: Kessler Chad , Ng Jaclyn , Valdez Kathya , Xie Hui , Geiger Brett 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:Limited data exist on the precise dose of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) needed for specific potassium concentrations in the management of mild to moderate hyperkalemia in an inpatient hospital setting.Methods:A retrospective cohort study involving a review of electronic medical records of inpatients receiving SPS for the treatment of hyperkalemia was conducted at the Jesse Brown Veteran Affairs Medical Center, between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2006. Hyperkalemia was defined as a serum potassium concentration >5.1 mmol/L. The primary endpoint was the mean change in potassium concentration associated with specific SPS dosage administration.Results:A total of 122 patients were selected for inclusion in the analysis. The mean potassium concentrations before SPS administration were 5.40 ± 0.18 mmol/L, 5.51 ± 0.30, 5.83 ± 0.46, and 5.92 ± 0.30 in the 15, 30, 45, and 60 gm groups, respectively. The mean potassium concentration decreased by 0.82 ± 0.48 mmol/L in the 15 gm group, 0.95 ± 0.47 in the 30 gm group, 1.11 ± 0.58 in the 45 gm group, and 1.40 ± 0.42 in the 60 gm group. After a single dose of SPS, the mean potassium concentration was within normal range in 115 patients (94%).Conclusions:A possible direct dose response relationship between SPS and the reduction in serum potassium concentration was found and should be evaluated prospectively. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Preparative isolation of alkaloids from Corydalis bungeana Turcz. by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography using stepwise elution
Authors: Niu Lili , Xie Zhensheng , Cai Tanxi , Wu Peng , Xue Peng , Chen Xiulan , Wu Zhiyong , Ito Yoichiro , Li Famei , Yang Fuquan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHigh‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully applied for the preparative separation and purification of alkaloids from Corydalis bungeana Turcz. (Kudiding in Chinese) for the first time. After the measurement of partition coefficient of seven target alkaloids in the nine two‐phase solvent systems composed of CHCl3–MeOH–(0.1 M; 0.2 M; 0.3 M) HCl (4:1.5:2; 4:2:2; 4:3:2, v/v), CHCl3–MeOH–0.2 M HCl (4:2:2, v/v) and CHCl3–MeOH–0.3 M HCl (4:3:2, v/v) were finally selected for the HSCCC separation using the first upper phase as the stationary phase and the stepwise elution of the two lower mobile phases. Consequently, sanguinarine (10 mg), corynoline (25 mg), protopine (20 mg), corynoloxine (18 mg), and 12‐hydroxycorynoline (8 mg) were obtained from 200 mg of crude alkaloid extracts with purities of 94–99% as determined by HPLC. Their chemical structures were characterized on the basis of 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and LC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS analyses.
Evaluation of a fractional laser with optical compression pins
Authors: Zelickson Brian , Walgrave Susan , Al‐Arashi Munir , Yaroslavsky Ilya , Altshuler Gregory , Childs James , Smirnov Mikhail , Tabatadze David 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveNon‐ablative fractional lasers have been used in skin rejuvenation procedures with some success. In general, the optimum area coverage and depths of the fractional thermal injury zones depend on the specific indications of interest. For all fractional devices, depth is adjusted with energy that also determines the coagulation area at the dermal/epidermal junction. Micro‐beams (µB) of a 1,540 nm laser are co‐aligned with optical pins in a device designed to provide skin compression during treatment to remodel the deeper reticular dermis and hypodermis while minimizing epidermal damage. The device is characterized in ex vivo and clinical studies.Materials and MethodsEx vivo porcine skin was treated with a compression‐pins optic connected to an Er:Glass laser hand piece. Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBTC) cell viability staining of horizontal radial and vertical sections of post‐treatment skin was used to assess coagulation profiles. A pilot clinical study was also performed to evaluate the effects of compression on epidermal injury.ResultsThe compression‐pins optic provided deeper coagulation to 1.5 mm depths and less epidermal injury than without compression. Coagulation depth was increased further with stacked pulses.ConclusionThe ability to de‐couple depth of treatment from area coverage provides greater flexibility of treatments. The results promise greater possibilities to vary dermal injury patters which may offer increased benefit in treating a variety of cutaneous conditions. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:137–142, 2011 © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical optimization of sequential cryogen spray cooling and laser irradiation for improved therapy of port wine stain
Authors: Milanič Matija , Jia Wangcun , Nelson J Stuart , Majaron Boris 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveDespite application of cryogen spray (CS) precooling, customary treatment of port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks with a single laser pulse does not result in complete lesion blanching for a majority of patients. One obvious reason is nonselective absorption by epidermal melanin, which limits the maximal safe radiant exposure. Another possible reason for treatment failure is screening of laser light within large PWS vessels, which prevents uniform heating of the entire vessel lumen. Our aim is to identify the parameters of sequential CS cooling and laser irradiation that will allow optimal photocoagulation of various PWS blood vessels with minimal risk of epidermal thermal damage.Study Design and MethodsLight and heat transport in laser treatment of PWS are simulated using a custom 3D Monte Carlo model and 2D finite element method, respectively. Protein denaturation in blood and skin are calculated using the Arrhenius kinetic model with tissue‐specific coefficients. Simulated PWS vessels with diameters of 30–150 µm are located at depths of 200–600 µm, and shading by nearby vessels is accounted for according to PWS histology data from the literature. For moderately pigmented and dark skin phototypes, PWS blood vessel coagulation and epidermal thermal damage are assessed for various parameters of sequential CS cooling and 532‐nm laser irradiation, i.e. the number of pulses in a sequence (1–5), repetition rate (7–30 Hz), and radiant exposure.ResultsSimulations of PWS treatment in darker skin phototypes indicate specific cooling/irradiation sequences that provide significantly higher efficacy and safety as compared to the customary single‐pulse approach across a wide range of PWS blood vessel diameters and depths. The optimal sequences involve three to five laser pulses at repetition rates of 10–15 Hz.ConclusionsApplication of the identified cooling/irradiation sequences may offer improved therapeutic outcome for patients with resistant PWS, especially in darker skin phototypes. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:164–175, 2011 © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Total” analysis of the growing species in living cationic polymerizations by in‐situ multinucleate NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Sawamoto Mitsuo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe nature of the growing species in living cationic polymerizations of vinyl ethers was discussed on the basis of in‐situ direct analysis of model growing ends [CH3Cδ+H(OiBu)… Bδ…MXn] by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The model reactions were to mimic the polymerizations initiated with protonic acid/metal halide systems [HB/MXn; HB = HCl, CF3CO2H, (C6H5O)2PO2 H; MXn = ZnCl2, SnCl4], where all of the three components of the growing end [carbocation (∼∼C+), counter‐anion (B−), and activator (MXn)] were analyzed by monitoring such nuclei as 1H, 13C, 19F, 31P, and 119Sn incorporated therein. The results demonstrated: (i) the MXn‐assisted formation of sp2‐type carbocations from the precursor CH3CH(OiBu)‐B; (ii) the interaction of MXn with the counteranion B−; and (iii) the suppression of dissociated carbocationic intermediates under the living polymerization conditions.
NMR techniques in emulsion polymer investigation
Authors: Llauro M. F. , Pétiaud R. , Hidalgo M. , Guillot J. , Pichot C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper is a brief survey showing the versatility and unicity of NMR spectroscopy for characterizing the macromolecular architecture in copolymers originated from an emulsion process. Three cases are more particularly described using various NMR techniques i) to carry out high resolution 13 C NMR in order to investigate the microstructure (mainly the monomer sequence distribution as a function of process variables, ii) to perform direct analysis of latex particles by 13 C NMR so as to get insight on the surface morphology of functional particles, iii) to deal with solid‐state NMR on as‐dried particles (or films) in order to obtain quantitative information on the internal morphology of composite latexes.
The effect of composition drift and copolymer microstructure on mechanical bulk properties of styrene‐methyl acrylate emulsion copolymers
Authors: Schoonbrood Harold A. S. , Brouns Harry M. G. , Thijssen Henk A. , van Herk Alex M. , German Anton L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn order to determine the influence of composition drift and copolymer microstructure on the mechanical bulk properties of styrene ‐methyl acrylate copolymers, several copolymers were produced by emulsion copolymerization. Three different average compositions were used. By performing the copolymerizations under batch and semicontinuous conditions with two different monomer addition strategies (starved conditions and optimal addition) it was possible to control composition drift and to produce copolymers with different microstructures (chemical composition distributions). All these copolymers were processed in a way that ensured that the original particle structure was lost before the polymers were tested. It was found that composition drift had an influence on the mechanical properties (Young's modulus, maximum stress, elongation at break). This influence could be understood very well on the basis of present knowledge about structure‐mechanical properties relationships. In the case of homogeneous copolymers maximum stress and elongation at break are dependent on the molecular weight, and only weakly dependent on the chemical composition, and Young's modulus is independent of chemical composition and molecular weight in the range of compositions investigated, as expected. In the case of heterogeneous copolymers, the influence of copolymer microstructure on Young's modulus, maximum stress and elongation at break is very large. Depending on the extent of control of composition drift during the polymerizations, phase separation was observed in the processed polymers, and the presence of a rubber phase affected the properties profoundly.
Piero Pino
Authors: Ciardelli F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPiero Pino was at the same time an inspired teacher, a creative scientist and an endless organizer. His culture was also very broad allowing him to donate the scientific community valuable contributions in organic and organometallic chemistry, in catalysis and polymer science. In this last field Pino was really a pioneer in combining the molecular approach to the complex supramolecular structure of polymeric materials, and indicated the routes to tailor‐made polymers on the basis of the molecular control of the structure during the polymerization process.Many examples of this approach can be found looking at his impressive and outstanding scientific production where the fundamental aspects were constantly preeminent without disregarding possibilities of technological developments.Thus his name is significantly related to isotactic poly(propylene) where he acted as the real “right hand” of Professor Giulio Natta at the Politecnico (Milano) during the early 50s and gave a remarkable support to make the discovery a still unique scientific event and successively a very important industrial reality. The relevant structural and catalytic questions connected to the stereospecific polymerization where thoroughly investigated by Pino in Pisa, where during 12 years (1956‐1967) he used chiral reagents and monomers to disclose the enantiomorphic sites character and clarify the relations between stereoregularity and optical activity in macromolecules.Successively at the Polytechnic (ETH) in Zürich, Pino approached with renewed enthusiasm the study of homogeneous catalysis for the synthesis of macromolecules, and his very strong chemical culture allowed once again important contributions to the stereochemical features of 1‐olefins polymerization by metallocene catalysts and to the synthesis of CO/1‐olefin alternating copolymers.This is only the mainline of Professor Pino's scientific contribution to macromolecular science; many others aspects were indeed developed thanks to his skilled scientific capacity.Piero Pino died untimely in 1989 and his death was a big lost for the world polymer community, but his memory will certainly survive for many future generations of polymer scientists.
From controlled 3‐dimensional architectures to smart materials
Authors: Put Jos A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUnder the pressure of bad economic conditions, Chemical Industry and the Polymer Producing Industry in particular, have been focusing on core businesses and several developments in advanced materials have been slowed down. Increased competition from low cost countries imposes rigorous restructuring of the traditional industry. Environmental considerations enhance the pressure even more.While the Polymer Industry is struggling with major restructuring operations, the scientific activities in the field of macromolecules show a tremendous innovative power. Ever increasing molecular control by the use of new catalysts, cooperative supramolecular interactions and controlled building up of 3‐dimensional structures, new architectures leading to enhanced performance and completely new properties, development of functional materials and smart materials are hot items at every meeting.The outcome of this situation could be that the world of materials and materials producers will look quite different in the first decade of the next century.
Sequence of polymers by mass spectrometry
Authors: Montaudo Giorgio 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMass Spectrometry, being able to look at the mass of individual molecules in a mixture of homologues, is particularly suitable for the detection of a series of oligomers. However, mass spectra had not been exploited to estimate oligomers distributions, due to the diffuse notion that a lack of correlation existed between peak intensities and concentration of the oligomers in the mixture. The introduction of soft‐ionization techniques has largely eliminated this problem. A novel method for the determination of the microstructure of copolymers is presented here. We have recently found that opportune decoding of the information contained in the mass spectral intensities leads to the determination of composition and microstructure in copolymers, and this represents a significant progress. Statistical modeling of the mass spectral intensities of copolymers has been used to derive information on the distribution of monomers along the copolymer chain, and an automated procedure to find the composition and the sequence of the copolymers analyzed has been developed. The statistical analysis of copolymers makes use of Bernoullian and Markovian models in order to characterize the microstructure of copolymer samples, and assuming a theoretical distribution and then fitting the calculated oligomer abundances with the experimental MS peak intensities, the copolymer composition can be determined. A method is also reported to obtain the copolymer conposition by direct analysis of the mass spectra. These theories have been applied to determine the composition and the microstructure of several copolymers whose mass spectra have been reported in the most recent literature.
Increased prefrontal volume in PD with levodopa‐induced dyskinesias: A voxel‐based morphometry study
Authors: Cerasa Antonio , Messina Demetrio , Pugliese Pierfrancesco , Morelli Maurizio , Lanza Pierluigi , Salsone Maria , Novellino Fabiana , Nicoletti Giuseppe , Arabia Gennarina , Quattrone Aldo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLevodopa‐induced dyskinesias represent disabling complications from long‐term therapy with dopaminergic drugs for treating Parkinson's disease (PD). Although several neuroimaging studies have reported altered striatofrontal function that contributes to the emergence of these motor complications, the neuroanatomical correlates of this disorder are still unknown. Optimized voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) was applied to the MRI brain images of 36 PD patients with levodopa‐induced dyskinesias, 36 PD patients without levodopa‐induced dyskinesias, and 32 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The VBM analysis comparing dyskinetic and nondyskinetic groups provided evidence of increased gray matter volume of the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus in dyskinetic patients, a finding that was more evident in patients with early‐onset PD. No significant differences were detected in the dyskinetic and nondyskinetic groups when compared with the controls. Our findings suggest that the presence of dyskinesias in patients with PD is characterized by an aberrant neural plasticity that could play a role in the pathophysiology of these motor complications. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Festkörperchemie 2010
Authors: Bessler Wolfgang G. , Nilges Tom 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGrundlagenorientierte Strukturchemie, Funktionalisierung und Modellierung auf allen Größenskalen, anwendungsbezogene Forschung in den Energiewissenschaften — die Festkörperchemie bietet ein breites Spektrum an Ideen und Ansätzen von grundlegenden Aspekten bis hin zur anwendungsorientierten Lösung der Energieprobleme in der Zukunft.
Physikalische Chemie 2010
Authors: Havenith‐Newen Martina , Märkle Wolfgang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFür die biologische Funktion von Proteinen in wässriger Umgebung ist nicht nur die unmittelbare Hydrathülle ausschlaggebend, sondern das gesamte Netz an Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen. Terahertzspektroskopie macht die Dynamik dieses Netzwerks sichtbar. Elektromobilität ist ein aktuelles Thema im Automobilsektor. Es bedarf allerdings noch Entwicklungen an den Energiespeichern, um den Ambitionen gerecht zu werden. Als aussichtsreichstes Speichermedium gilt die Lithiumionen‐Batterie.
Technische Chemie 2010
Authors: Fröhlich Peter , Kruse Andrea , Ernst Stefan , Katzberg Michael 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDie drohende Rohstoffknappheit und ehrgeizige Klimaziele führen zu neuen Entwicklungen in der Katalyse sowie zu Techniken zur Sequestrierung oder Verwertung von CO2 — entweder direkt oder über nachwachsende Rohstoffe wie Pflanzenbiomasse. Der Rohstoffwandel beginnt, und es entsteht eine neue Rohstoffbasis mit potenziell geschlossenem Kohlenstoffkreislauf.