bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjusting to Mealtime Change within the Context of Dementia
Authors: Genoe M. Rebecca , Keller Heather H. , Martin Lori Schindel , Dupuis Sherry L. , Reimer Holly , Cassolato Carly , Edward Gayle 
Published: May 2012

RÉSUMÉOn sait peu de ce qui concerne la façon dont les personnes atteintes de démence et leurs partenaires en soins réagissent aux changements qui se produisent au moment des repas tout au long du passage à travers la démence. En interrogeant 27 personnes atteintes de démence, ainsi que leurs 28 partenaires en soins, nous avons exploré la signification et l’expérience de changements qu’impliquent les repas. Les participants se sont adaptés aux changements de repas ens’adaptant à une vie en évolution,comme résultat d’un processus dynamique deprise de consciencedu changement, enattachant un sensau changement, etréagissantaux changements. Les évènements séminals, aggravés par une perception des changements, ont déclenché la sensibilisation de changements au moment des repas. On a attaché une certaine signification aux changements à l’heure des repas observés à travers des émotions éprouvées et des stratégies diverses que l’on a développées pour soutenir les valeurs associées aux repas. La réponse au changement est une question de stades, allant d’y résister, à d’être dans un circuit d’attente, à la transformation et à l’adaptation. Comprendre comment les individus et les familles s’adaptent aux changements au moment des repas, et les stratégies qu’ils qui en résultent pour en venir à bout, fournit des aperçus cruciaux pour soutenir les familles tout au long du voyage à travers la démence.
An artificial pool experiment in Antarctic sea ice: effects of sea ice melting on physical and biogeochemical components of pool water
Authors: Nomura Daiki , Simizu Daisuke , Chavanich Suchana , Shinagawa Hideo , Fukuchi Mitsuo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe performed an artificial pool experiment in the Antarctic multi-year land-fast ice to examine and simulate the effect of sea ice melting on physical and biogeochemical components of the sea ice field. The input of snow and ice meltwater resulted in warmer, low salinity water at the surface of the pool and probably stratification of the less dense water. Current speed measurements also pointed to water stratification within the pool. Rapid phytoplankton growth in the pool resulted in drastic decreases in concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrients (NO3- and Si(OH)4) in the surface waters of the pool, particularly depleted for NO3-. There was high correlation between variations of dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrient concentrations, but the apparent uptake ratios of these components deviated from that generally applied to marine phytoplankton. The sequence of changes in the physical and biogeochemical components of the pool water suggests that the onset of rapid phytoplankton growth was closely related to the water stratification, which provided stable conditions for phytoplankton bloom even though the supply of nutrients from under-ice water would have declined.
Decontamination of Human and Rabbit Skin Experimentally Contaminated with 99mTc Radionuclide Using the Active Components of “Shudhika”—a Skin Decontamination Kit
Authors: Rana Sudha , Dutta Mita , Soni Nakshe L. , Chopra Mahendra K. , Kumar Vinod , Goel Rajeev , Bhatnagar Aseem , Sultana Sarwat , Sharma Rakesh Kumar 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroductionRadioactive contamination can occur as a result of accidental or intentional release of radioactive materials (RM) into the environment. RM may deposit on clothing, skin, or hair. Decontamination of contaminated persons should be done as soon as possible to minimize the deleterious health effects of radiation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the decontamination efficiency (for residual contaminant) of the active components of “Shudhika,” an indigenously developed skin decontamination kit. The study kit is for external radioactive decontamination of intact skin.MethodsDecontamination efficiency was evaluated on the skin surface of rabbit (n = 6) and human volunteers (n = 13). 99mTc sodium pertechnetate (200-250 μCi) was used as the radio-contaminant. Skin surface area (5 × 5 cm2) of thoracic abdominal region of the rabbit and the forearm and the palm of human volunteers were used for the study. Decontamination was performed by using cotton swabs soaked with chemical decontamination agents of the kit.ResultsDecontamination efficiency (% of the contaminant removed) was calculated for each component of the study. Overall effectiveness of the kit was calculated to be 85% ± 5% in animal and 92% ± 3% in human skin surfaces. Running water and liquid soap with water was able to decontaminate volunteers' hand and animal skin up to 70% ± 5%. Chemical decontamination agents were applied only for trace residues (30% ± 5%). Efficiency of all the kit components was found up to be 20% ± 3% (animal) and 28% ± 2 (human), respectively. Residual contamination after final decontamination attempt for both the models was observed to be 12% ± 3% and 5% ± 2%. After 24 and 48 hours of the decontamination procedure, skin was found to be normal (no redness, erythema and edema were observed).ConclusionDecontaminants of the study kit were effective in removal of localized radioactive skin contamination when water is ineffective for further decontamination. By using the chemical decontaminants of the study kit, the use of water and radioactive waste generation could be reduced. Cross-contamination could also be avoided. During radiologic emergencies where water may be radioactively contaminated, the study kit could be used.Rana S, Dutta M, Soni NL, Chopra MK, Kumar V, Goel R, Bhatnagar A, Sultana S, Sharma RK. Decontamination of human and rabbit skin experimentally contaminated with 99mTc radionuclide using the active components of “Shudika”—a skin decontamination kit. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(2):1-5.
Use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) in the Medical Response to the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster in Japan
Authors: Nagata Takashi , Kimura Yoshinari , Ishii Masami 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011. In the first 10 days after the event, information about radiation risks from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant was unavailable, and the disaster response, including deployment of disaster teams, was delayed. Beginning on March 17, 2011, the Japan Medical Association used a geographic information system (GIS) to visualize the risk of radiation exposure in Fukushima. This information facilitated the decision to deploy disaster medical response teams on March 18, 2011.Nagata T, Kimura Y, Ishii M. Use of a geographic information system (GIS) in the medical response to the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan.Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(2):1-3.
Simple wild -packets
Authors: Kaletha Tasho 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn a recent paper, Gross and Reeder study the arithmetic properties of discrete Langlands parameters for semi-simple$p$-adic groups, and they conjecture that a special class of these – the simple wild parameters – should correspond to$L$-packets consisting of simple supercuspidal representations. We provide a construction of this correspondence, and show that the simple wild$L$-packets satisfy many expected properties. In particular, they admit a description in terms of the Langlands dual group, and contain a unique generic element for a fixed Whittaker datum. Moreover, we prove their stability on an open subset of the regular semi-simple elements, and show that they satisfy a natural compatibility with respect to unramified base-change.
Soil quality improvement under an ecologically based farming system in northwest Missouri
Authors: Kremer Robert J. , Hezel Linda F. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEcologically based farming conserves and improves the soil resource and protects environmental quality by using organic or natural resources without the application of synthetic chemicals. Soil quality assessment indicates the ability of management systems to optimize soil productivity and to maintain its structural and biological integrity. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of ecologically based management on biochemical characteristics of soil [soil quality indicators (SQI)] as an assessment of soil quality. The study was conducted on an ecologically based farming enterprise established on gently sloping soils of Sharpsburg silt loam (fine montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudolls) in Clay County, Missouri, which was previously under conventional corn and soybean production. The transition to organic farming began in 1995, which included a primary management strategy to restore soil organic matter consisting of the establishment of native prairie plants and the application of composted vegetative residues and litter from horse and laying hen operations. Soils were collected at 0–10cm depths from sites under organic production (orchard and vegetable), managed prairie/pasture and from adjacent unmanaged fields during 2003–2008 for soil quality assessment. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and water-stable soil aggregates were considerably increased by up to 60 and 72%, respectively, in organic production sites compared with tilled cropland by the fifth year of assessment. Organically managed systems and restored prairie sites significantly increased (P<0.05) soil enzyme activities compared with unmanaged grass and tilled cropland. For example, dehydrogenase and glucosaminidase activities increased by 60 and 73%, respectively, under organic vegetables compared with tilled cropland. Soil enzyme activities were significantly correlated with SOC content (rvalues up to 0.90,P<0.001). The results of the soil quality assessment suggest that ecologically based management successfully restored biological activity of silt loam soils previously under intensive conventional agriculture. The system practiced at the study sites illustrates how resources internal to the farm (i.e., composts) can be used to manage soil productivity.
Climate Change Law in an Era of Multi-Level Governance
Authors: Peel Jacqueline , Godden Lee , Keenan Rodney J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAs international negotiations struggle to deliver timely, binding commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to safe levels, the environmental legal community has begun to contemplate the scope for climate governance ‘beyond’ the international climate change regime. Many see merit in a more decentralized, disaggregated approach, operating across multiple governance levels. This article examines the development of climate change law in an era of multi-level governance. It analyzes several case studies of current manifestations of multi-level governance in climate change law, including the fragmented global emissions trading system, developing arrangements governing forests and land-based sinks, the growth of climate litigation establishing transnational liability principles, efforts to ensure adaptation to unavoidable climate change, and the emergence in federal systems of a decentralized approach to climate change regulation. The article concludes by considering whether the emerging multi-level system of climate governance is adequate to meet broader international goals of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Different levels of testicular organization during gonadal differentiation in B6.YTir mice manifesting sex reversal
Authors: Antonio‐Rubio Nivia Rocio , Moreno‐Mendoza Norma 
Published: May 2012

AbstractB6.YTir (mice with Y chromosome from a strain in Tirano, Italy, and autosomes and X‐chromosomes from the B6 strain) mice provide an excellent model for analysing sex development that occurs during gonadal differentiation; however, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to sex reversal are unclear. Our aim has been to establish which molecular events participate in this sex reversal. The pattern of gene expression related to testicular [Sry (sex‐determining region of the Y chromosome), Sox9 (Sry‐related high‐mobility group box gene 9) and Mis (Müllerian‐inhibiting substance)] and ovarian [Wnt4 (Wingless‐type MMTV (murine‐mammary‐tumour virus) integration site family, member 4), Rspo1 (cysteine‐rich secretory protein containing a thrombospondin type 1 repeat) and Stra8 (stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8)] differentiation was analysed by applying immunofluorescence and real‐time RT—PCR (reverse transcription—PCR), focusing on XY gonads from the B6.YTir mouse, but also analysing the normal strains CD‐1 and C57BL/6J (B6). The expression of genes related to the process of sexual differentiation was altered in the case of the B6.YTir strain, both at the transcript and protein level, inducing differentiation of ovaries and ovotestes, but not the formation of the testes, which were normal. Our results indicate that the expression of testicular genes is inhibited at various levels, permitting the expression of ovarian genes such as Wnt4, Stra8 and Rspo1. However, their activity was not clear when the data were averaged. Correlation analysis indicated that an ovary differentiation pathway is activated when the testicular differentiation pathway is inhibited.
Lysophosphatidic acid modulates the association of PTP1B with N‐cadherin/catenin complex in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Huang Ruby Yun‐Ju , Wen Chen‐Chen , Liao Chih‐Kai , Wang Shu‐Huei , Chou Liang‐Yin , Wu Jiahn‐Chun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLPA (lysophosphatidic acid) is a natural phospholipid that plays important roles in promoting cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastases. We previously reported that LPA induces ovarian cancer cell dispersal and disruption of AJ (adherens junction) through the activation of SFK (Src family kinases). In this study, we have investigated the regulatory mechanisms during the early phase of LPA‐induced cell dispersal. An in vitro model of the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 for cell dispersal was used. LPA induces rapid AJ disruption by increasing the internalization of N‐cadherin‐β‐catenin. By using immunoprecipitations, LPA was shown to induce increased tyrosine phosphorylation of β‐catenin and alter the balance of β‐catenin‐bound SFK and PTP1B (phosphotyrosine phosphatase 1B). The altered balance of tyrosine kinase/phosphatase correlated with a concomitant disintegration of the β‐catenin‐α‐catenin, but not the β‐catenin—N‐cadherin complex. This disintegration of β‐catenin from α‐catenin and the cell dispersal caused by LPA can be rescued by blocking SFK activity with the chemical inhibitor, PP2. More importantly, PP2 also restores the level of PTP1B bound to β‐catenin. We propose that LPA signalling alters AJ stability by changing the dynamics of tyrosine kinase/phosphatase bound to AJ proteins. This work provides further understanding of the early signalling events regulating ovarian cancer cell dispersal and AJ disruption induced by LPA.
Seed island formation by forced magnetic reconnection
Authors: Yu Q. , Günter S. , Lackner K. , Maraschek M. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Neoclassical tearing modes observed in experiments often grow from seed magnetic islands induced by triggers like sawteeth. The formation of seed islands is studied in this paper using both the reduced MHD and two-fluid equations, with the trigger being modelled by externally applied resonant magnetic perturbations. In the linear phase the growth rate of the driven mode is found to be the same as that of the trigger. A slowly growing trigger drives a tearing mode, while a fast one drives a kink-like mode, which becomes a tearing mode later when the trigger's growth slows down. A finite ion sound Larmor radius (ion Larmor radius by using electron temperature) and electron inertia are found to lead to a larger seed island for a given external perturbation. The electron diamagnetic drift and plasma rotation, if increasing the relative rotation between the trigger and the driven mode, decrease the seed island width.
Social isolation, vital exhaustion, and incident heart failure: findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Cené Crystal W. , Loehr Laura , Lin Feng‐Chang , Hammond Wizdom Powell , Foraker Randi E. , Rose Kathryn , Mosley Thomas , Corbie‐Smith Giselle 
Published: May 2012

AimsProspective studies have shown that social isolation (i.e. lack of social contacts) predicts incident coronary heart disease (CHD), but it is unclear whether it predicts incident heart failure (HF) and what factors might mediate this association. HF patients may be more susceptible to social isolation as they tend to be older and may have disrupted social relationships due to life course factors (e.g. retirement or bereavement). We prospectively examined whether individuals with higher vs. low social isolation have a higher incidence of HF and determined whether this association is mediated by vital exhaustion.Methods and resultsWe estimated incident HF hospitalization or death among 14 348 participants from Visit 2 (1990–1992) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study using Cox proportional hazard models which were sequentially adjusted for age, race/study community, gender, current smoking, alcohol use, and co‐morbidities. We conducted mediation analyses according to the Baron and Kenny method. After a median follow‐up of 16.9 person‐years, 1727 (13.0%) incident HF events occurred. The adjusted hazard of incident HF was greater for those in the higher vs. low social isolation risk group (hazard ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.35). Our data suggest that vital exhaustion strongly mediates the association between higher social isolation and incident HF (the percentage change in beta coefficient for higher vs. low social isolation groups after adjusting for vital exhaustion was 36%).ConclusionThese data suggest that greater social isolation is an independent risk factor for incident HF, and this association appears to be strongly mediated by vital exhaustion.
Delayed recovery in peripartum cardiomyopathy: an indication for long‐term follow‐up and sustained therapy
Authors: Biteker Murat , İlhan Erkan , Biteker Gul , Duman Dursun , Bozkurt Biykem 
Published: May 2012

AimsPersistence of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction after 6 months of diagnosis is believed to be a marker of an irreversible cardiomyopathy in peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). We sought to determine the length of time required for recovery of LV systolic function (LVSF) in patients with PPCM.Methods and resultsForty‐two consecutive women with PPCM were enrolled in this prospective study. The minimum required time of follow‐up for inclusion was 30 months. Each patient underwent transthoracic echocardiography, and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C‐reactive protein measurement at admission, and every 3 months. Early recovery was defined as normalization of LVSF at 6 months post‐diagnosis. Delayed recovery was defined if the length of time required for recovery of LVSF was longer than 6 months. Persistent left ventricular dysfunction (PLVD) was defined as an ejection fraction of <50% at the end of follow‐up. Twenty patients (47.6%) recovered completely, 10 died (23.8%), and 12 (28.6%) had PLVD. Average time to complete recovery was 19.3 months after initial diagnosis (3–42 months). Early recovery was observed only in six patients (30%), whereas delayed recovery was observed in 14 out of 20 patients (70%). Patients with complete recovery were more likely to have a higher LV ejection fraction and smaller LV end‐systolic dimensions at baseline.ConclusionFull recovery of LVSF in PPCM patients often requires longer than 6 months.
Identification and Characterization of Pale Potato Cyst Nematode (Globodera pallida) in Teplá, the Czech Republic
Authors: Douda O. , Zouhar M. , Urban J. , Čermák V. , Gaar V. 
Published: May 2012

Potato cyst nematode poses a significant threat to potato producers in the Czech Republic. Both species of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) are listed as quarantine pests in the Czech Republic and also by the European Union, European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, and North American Plant Protection Organization. To date, G. rostochiensis was responsible for all damage to potatoes caused by cyst nematodes in the Czech Republic, while G. pallida was recorded only once in the Czech Republic (2) 8 years ago. It is important to note that this occurrence of G. pallida was not located in the free-cultivation area. In July 2011, soil samples from a potato field located in the area of Teplá (Karlovy Vary Region) were collected, and the cysts extracted were identified as G. pallida according to microscopic observation of cyst fenestra and morphology of juveniles (1). Cyst morphometrics (means from 10 cysts) included: fenestra diameter 21.2 μm, distance fenestra to anus 56.8 μm, Granek's ratio 2.7, number of cuticular ridges between fenestra and anus 14; while second stage juvenile morphometrics (means of 13 specimens) were: L 466.7 μm, stylet 24.2 μm, tail 53.2 μm, body width at anus 13.2, h 28.6, c 8.8, c′ 4.0. Terminus of juvenile tails was rounded, and stylet knobs possessed distinct forward projections. Total DNA was extracted from single cysts using the TriPure reagent (Roche), and the DNA samples were used to amplify cistron rDNA with the following primers: 18S, 5′-TTGATTAGGTCCCTGCCCTTT-3′, and 21S, 5′-TTTCACTCGCCGTTACTAAGG-3′. The amplified region contains the 3′ end of the 18S gene, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and the 5′ end of the 28S gene. Pfu DNA polymerase (Fermentas) was used for accurate amplification. A PCR product of approximately 1.0 kb was amplified from three individual cysts. The PCR amplicons were cloned into pJET1.2 using the CloneJET PCR Cloning Kit (Fermentas) and sequenced in both directions. The sequences of representative isolates were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. JQ692592, JQ692593, and JQ692594). The resultant 1.0 kb sequences showed 99% nucleotide identity to sequences of G. pallida from Canada (GenBank Accession Nos. GQ294522.1, GQ355975.1, and GQ294523.1), thus confirming the results of the morphological analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of G. pallida in the free-cultivation area of Karlovy Vary Region, and only the second in the Czech Republic since the first report in 2003 (2). References: (1) M. W. Brzeski. Page 237 in: Nematodes of Tylenchina in Poland and Temperate Europe. Muzeum I Instytut Zoologii Polska Akademia Nauk, Warszawa 1998. (2) M. Zouhar et al. Plant Disease, 87:98, 2003.
The pathology clinic – pathologists should see patients
Authors: Manek S. 
Published: May 2012

S. ManekThe pathology clinic – pathologists should see patientsThis invited review describes why and how a pathologist should talk to patients in order to enhance the patient care pathway. The pathologist–patient interaction should become a natural extension to multidisciplinary team decision making, and also become the forum in which patients are helped to understand important aspects of their conditions and the pathological basis for their treatment plans. There is a vast amount of information available through the internet and to digest this can be a difficult process for a patient who is already having to cope with a medical condition. The pathologist is often best placed to sieve through this information and offer the patient the relevant detail necessary to understand the condition and the management pathway. Pathologists can provide up‐to‐date, simple information about malignant and even certain significant benign conditions, and they can do this with the help of several pictorial tools. In this way, the pathologist becomes an even more active member of a clinical team and helps both clinicians and patients to deal with illnesses in a novel way hitherto not considered.