bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can lymphangiosarcoma be resurrected? A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of lymphatic differentiation in 49 angiosarcomas
Authors: Mankey Cohra C , McHugh Jonathan B , Thomas Dafydd G , Lucas David R 
Published: February 2010

Mankey C C, McHugh J B, Thomas D G & Lucas D R (2010) Histopathology 56, 364–371 Can lymphangiosarcoma be resurrected? A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of lymphatic differentiation in 49 angiosarcomas Aims:  The term lymphangiosarcoma has largely been abandoned in the current classification of endothelial neoplasms. Recently, a number of lymphatic‐associated antibodies have been developed for immunohistochemistry, which frequently stain angiosarcomas, implying lymphatic or mixed lymphatic and blood vascular differentiation is common. The aim was to investigate further lymphatic antigen expression, and to explore the relation of immunohistochemistry to morphological and clinical findings.Methods and results:  Forty‐nine angiosarcomas in tissue microarrays were analysed with D2‐40 and antibodies to Prox‐1 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)‐3. D2‐40 was positive in 53%, Prox‐1 in 76%, and VEGFR‐3 in 57%. Tumours with features attributable to lymphatic differentiation such as hobnail and kaposiform morphologies were more often positive with these markers, including a statistical association between D2‐40 and hobnailing. Ten tumours had features suggestive of lymphatic differentiation, namely well‐differentiated histology, interanastomosing channels devoid of red cells, prominent hobnailing, lymphoid aggregates, and multi‐antigen expression of D2‐40 (100%), Prox‐1 (100%) and VEGFR‐3 (60%), which might be deserving of the appellation lymphangiosarcoma. Nine were cutaneous scalp/facial tumours in elderly patients and one arose within chronic lymphoedema.Conclusions:  Lymphatic differentiation is common in angiosarcoma, certain subsets show greater lymphatic differentiation than others, and lymphangiosarcoma may be defined pathologically, rather than clinically.
Semiquantitative assessment of immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair proteins in Lynch syndrome
Authors: Barrow Emma , Jagger Emma , Brierley Judith , Wallace Andrew , Evans Gareth , Hill James , McMahon Ray 
Published: February 2010

Barrow E, Jagger E, Brierley J, Wallace A, Evans G, Hill J & McMahon R (2010) Histopathology56, 331–344 Semiquantitative assessment of immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair proteins in Lynch syndrome Aims:  To assess semiquantitative immunohistochemistry as used in the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome.Methods and Results:  Tumour sections from 51 mutation carriers and 17 controls were stained with antibodies against MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Intensity of immunoreactivity and percentage positivity were recorded on scales of 0–3 and 0–4, respectively. These scores were multiplied for a score of 0–12 per slide. Receiver–operator characteristic (ROC) curves of staining performance for the identification of mutation carriers were evaluated, and optimum cut‐offs calculated. The area under the MLH1 ROC curve was 0.981 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.952, 1.000]. The area under the MSH2 ROC curve was 0.899 (95% CI 0.796, 1.000). For MLH1 staining, a score ≤4 gives a sensitivity of 100.0% (95% CI 84.0, 100.0) and a specificity of 91.5% (95% CI 79.6, 97.6) for identifying MLH1 mutation carriers. For MSH2 staining, a score ≤4 gives a sensitivity of 87.5% (95% CI 61.7, 98.4) and specificity of 88.5% (95% CI 76.5, 95.6) for identifying MSH2 mutation carriers.Conclusions:  This study supports a semiquantitative slide assessment method. Protein expression may occur in the context of known pathogenic mutations, a potential pitfall in the screening process.
Spindle proteins in resected pancreatic head adenocarcinomas: BubR1 is an independent prognostic factor in pancreatobiliary‐type tumours
Authors: Gladhaug Ivar P , Westgaard Arne , Schjølberg Aasa R , Burum‐Auensen Espen , Pomianowska Ewa , Clausen Ole Petter F 
Published: February 2010

Gladhaug I P, Westgaard A, Schjølberg A R, Burum‐Auensen E, Pomianowska E & Clausen O P F (2010) Histopathology56, 345–355 Spindle proteins in resected pancreatic head adenocarcinomas: BubR1 is an independent prognostic factor in pancreatobiliary‐type tumours Aims:  Spindle proteins such as Aurora A, Mad2 and BubR1 are important for chromosome segregation during mitosis. Dysfunction of these proteins is implicated in the development of many cancers. The aim was to examine their possible prognostic impact in resected adenocarcinomas in the pancreatic head.Methods and results:  Two hundred and eighteen consecutively resected pancreatobiliary‐type (n = 145) and intestinal‐type (n = 73) adenocarcinomas involving the pancreatic head were examined for expression of Aurora A, Mad2 and BubR1 by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. Aurora A (P < 0.001) and Mad2 (P = 0.003) were expressed more often and at higher levels in intestinal‐type compared with pancreatobiliary‐type tumours, whereas BubR1 was equally expressed in both histological types. Expression of BubR1, Aurora A and Mad2 was not associated with ploidy status. None of the spindle proteins was significantly associated with prognosis in intestinal‐type tumours. In pancreatobiliary‐type tumours, any BubR1 expression was sufficient to predict poor prognosis (P = 0.006), whereas Aurora A and Mad2 expression was not significantly associated with prognosis (P = 0.86 and P = 0.87, respectively). On adjusted Cox regression analysis, BubR1 expression independently predicted poor prognosis [P =0.002; hazard ratio (HR) 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26, 2.79)], particularly in small tumours (P = 0.001; HR 2.93, 95% CI 1.53, 5.62).Conclusion:  BubR1 expression is a novel, independent adverse prognostic factor after pancreatoduodenectomy of pancreatobiliary‐type adenocarcinomas.
Structure and measurement properties of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care instrument
Authors: Gugiu Cristian , Coryn Chris L. S. , Applegate Brooks 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective  In this study, the authors investigated the psychometric properties of a modified version of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) – a self‐report instrument designed to measure the extent to which patients with chronic illness receive care congruent with the chronic care model.Research design and method  Five hundred and twenty‐nine (529) type 2 diabetics were surveyed with a modified‐PACIC.Results  An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted that accounted for the ordinal nature of the PACIC items. Ordinal alpha (0.972) and omega (0.973) reliability coefficients were calculated on the latent factor underlying the modified‐PACIC. Correlation analyses were used to investigate the relationship between the modified‐PACIC and numerous clinical labs related to diabetes. Validity for the original five‐factor structure proposed by developers of the PACIC could not be confirmed.Conclusions  More research focusing on the instrument's psychometric properties is necessary before researchers use it to investigate the chronic care model and patient health. Researchers will need to ensure that the composite scores underlying the instrument are normally distributed and correlated with behavioural and health indexes.
Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural workbook for changing beliefs about antipsychotic polypharmacy: analysis from a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thompson Andrew , Sullivan Sarah , Barley Maddi , Moore Laurence , Rogers Paul , Sipos Attila , Harrison Glynn 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Educational workbooks have been used in psychiatry to influence patient but not clinician behaviour. Targeted education interventions to change prescribing practice in other areas of medicine have only looked at changes in prescribing and not attitudes or beliefs related to the prescribing. We aimed to examine whether clinicians' beliefs about a common prescribing issue in psychiatry (antipsychotic polypharmacy prescription) changed alongside behaviour as a result of a complex intervention.Method  Medical and nursing staff were recruited from 19 general adult psychiatry units in the south‐west of the UK as part of a cluster randomized controlled trial. A questionnaire was used to assess beliefs on the prescribing of antipsychotic polypharmacy as a secondary outcome before and after completion of a cognitive behavioural ‘self‐help’ style workbook (one part of a complex intervention). A factor analysis suggested three dimensions of the questionnaire that corresponded to predetermined themes. The data were analysed using a random‐effects regression model (adjusting for clustering) controlling for possible confounders.Results  There was a significant change in beliefs on both of the factors: antipsychotic polypharmacy (coefficient = −0.89, P < 0.01) and rapid tranquilization (coefficient = −0.68, P = 0.01) specifically targeted by the workbook. There was a modest but statistically significant change in antipsychotic polypharmacy prescribing (odds ratio 0.43, 95% confidence intervals 0.21–0.90).Conclusions  The workbook appeared to change staff beliefs about antipsychotic polypharmacy, but achieving substantial changes in clinician behaviour may require further exploration of other factors important in complex prescribing issues.
Keeping vulnerable elderly patients free from pressure ulcer is associated with high caregiver burden in informal caregivers
Authors: Yamamoto Yosuke , Hayashino Yasuaki , Higashi Takahiro , Matsui Miho , Yamazaki Shin , Takegami Misa , Miyachi Yoshiki , Fukuhara Shunichi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRationale and objectives  The effect of the presence of pressure ulcers on burden of caregivers is unknown. We investigated the relationship between the state of pressure ulcers in vulnerable elderly patients and the burden on their informal caregivers.Methods  This cross‐sectional study enrolled 137 patients aged ≥40 years with limited activity and mobility at 10 home care service facilities in Japan. We assessed pressure ulcer status from medical records and caregiver burden using scores from both the Burden Index of Caregivers (BIC) and the Japanese short version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI).Results  Among patients, mean age was 80.9 years, 31.4% were men, and 83.9% were free from pressure ulcers. Multivariable analysis showed that caregivers whose patients were free from pressure ulcers had significantly higher caregiver burden as assessed by both the BIC [β‐coefficient = 3.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42–4.95, P = 0.003] and ZBI scores (β‐coefficient = 1.94; 95%CI = 0.30–3.58; P = 0.03).Conclusions  Our results suggest that the continuous effort involved in keeping patients free from pressure ulcers may be associated with high caregiver burden in informal caregivers.
The psychosocial impact of food allergy and food hypersensitivity in children, adolescents and their families: a review
Authors: Cummings A. J. , Knibb R. C. , King R. M. , Lucas J. S. 
Published: February 2010

To cite this article: Cummings AJ, Knibb RC, King RM, Lucas JS. The psychosocial impact of food allergy and food hypersensitivity in children, adolescents and their families: a review. Allergy 2010; 65: 933–945.AbstractFood allergy affects 6% of children but there is no cure, and strict avoidance of index allergens along with immediate access to rescue medication is the current best management. With specialist care, morbidity from food allergy in children is generally low, and mortality is very rare. However, there is strong evidence that food allergy and food hypersensitivity has an impact on psychological distress and on the quality of life (QoL) of children and adolescents, as well as their families. Until recently, the measurement of QoL in allergic children has proved difficult because of the lack of investigative tools available. New instruments for assessing QoL in food allergic children have recently been developed and validated, which should provide further insights into the problems these children encounter and will enable us to measure the effects of interventions in patients. This review examines the published impact of food allergy on affected children, adolescents and their families. It considers influences such as gender, age, disease severity, co‐existing allergies and external influences, and examines how these may impact on allergy‐related QoL and psychological distress including anxiety and depression. Implications of the impact are considered alongside avenues for future research.
Male infertility in cancer patients: Review of the literature
Authors: Dohle Gert R 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe number of men surviving cancer at a young age has increased dramatically in the past 20 years as a result of early detection and improved cancer treatment protocols; more than 75% of young cancer patients nowadays are long‐term survivors. Quality of life has become an important issue in childhood and adult cancer patients. The commonest cancers in patients of reproductive age are leukaemia, Hodgkin's lymphomas and testicular germ cell tumors. Fertility is often impaired after chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Cryopreservation of semen before cancer treatment starts is currently the only method to preserve future male fertility. In some malignancies, especially in germ cell tumors, sperm quality is already abnormal at the time of diagnosis. In approximately 12% of men, no viable spermatozoa are present for cryopreservation before the start of chemotherapy. Cytotoxic therapy influences spermatogenesis at least temporarily and in some cases permanently. The amount of damage inflicted by chemotherapy on spermatogenesis depends on the combination of drugs used and on the cumulative dose given for cancer treatment. Alkylating agents, such as cyclophosphamide and procarbazine, are most detrimental to germ cells. Radiation therapy, especially whole‐body irradiation, is also associated with the risk of permanent sterility. Besides the cancer treatment, tumor type and pretreatment fertility are of prognostic value for future fertility in male cancer survivors. After cancer treatment, many men need artificial reproductive techniques to achieve fatherhood; usually in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is indicated for successful treatment. About 15% of men will use their cryopreserved semen because of persistent azoospermia after cancer treatment. Treatment results with cryopreserved semen are generally good and comparable to general IVF and ICSI results. So far, no studies have reported an increased rate of congenital abnormalities or malignancies in children born from fathers who had cancer treatment is the past, but close follow up is warranted, especially in children born after IVF/ICSI.
Aciclovir‐resistant herpes keratitis
Authors: Choong Keat , Walker Nathan J , Apel Andrew JG , Whitby Michael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHerpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis is a common cause of ocular morbidity. Resistance to aciclovir is probably under recognized. We describe three cases of aciclovir‐resistant herpes simplex virus keratitis treated with systemic foscarnet and present a review of the pharmacological options available to manage this condition.
Value of dual biometry in the detection and investigation of error in the preoperative prediction of refractive status following cataract surgery
Authors: Charalampidou Sofia , Dooley Ian , Molloy Laura , Beatty Stephen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:  To report the value of dual biometry in the detection of biometry errors.Methods:  Study 1: retrospective study of 224 consecutive cataract operations. The intraocular lens power calculation was based on immersion biometry. Study 2: immersion biometry was compared with optical coherence biometry (OCB) in terms of axial length, anterior chamber depth, keratometry readings and the recommended lens power to achieve emmetropia. Study 3: prospective study of 61 consecutive cataract operations. Both immersion and OCB were performed, but lens power calculation was based on the latter.Results:  Study 1: 115 (86%), 101 (75.4%), 90 (67.2%) and 50 (37.3%) of postoperative spherical equivalents were within ±1.5 dioptres (D), ±1.25 D, ±1 D and ±0.5 D of the target, respectively. Study 2: excellent agreement between axial length readings, anterior chamber depth readings and keratometry readings by immersion biometry and OCB was observed (reflected in a mean bias of −0.065 mm, −0.048 mm and +0.1803 D, respectively, in association with OCB). Agreement between the lens power recommended by each technique to achieve emmetropia was poor (mean bias of +1.16 D in association with OCB), but improved following appropriate modification of lens constants in the Accutome A‐scan software (mean bias with OCB = −0.4 D). Study 3: 37 (92.5%) and 23 (57.5%) of operated eyes achieved a postoperative refraction within ±1 D and ±0.5 D of target, respectively.Conclusion:  Systematic errors in biometry can exist, in the presence of acceptable postoperative refractive results. Dual biometry allows each biometric parameter to be scrutinized in isolation, and identify sources of error that may otherwise go undetected.
Micropulse transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation in the treatment of refractory glaucoma
Authors: Tan Anna M , Chockalingam Muthuraman , Aquino Maria C , Lim Zena I‐L , See Jovina L‐S , Chew Paul TK 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground:  Transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) is an established method of treatment for refractory glaucoma, but is associated with significant complications. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new form of TSCPC using micropulse diode laser and trans‐pars plana treatment with a novel contact probe.Methods:  Prospective interventional case series of 40 eyes of 38 consecutive patients with refractory glaucoma treated with micropulse TSCPC with a novel probe. Outcomes measured were success, hypotony and response rates.Results:  The mean age of patients was 63.2 ± 16.0 years. The mean follow‐up period was 16.3 ± 4.5 months. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) before micropulse TSCPC was 39.3 ± 12.6 mmHg. Mean IOP decreased to 31.1 ± 13.4 mmHg at 1 day, 28.0 ± 12.0 mmHg at 1 week, 27.4 ± 12.7 mmHg at 1 month, 27.1 ± 13.6 mmHg at 3 months, 25.8 ± 14.5 mmHg at 6 months, 26.6 ± 14.7 mmHg at 12 months and 26.2 ± 14.3 mmHg at 18 months (P < 0.001 at all time points). No patient had hypotony or loss of best‐corrected visual acuity. The overall success rate after a mean of 1.3 treatment sessions was 72.7%.Conclusion:  Micropulse TSCPC is a safe and effective method of lowering IOP in cases of refractory glaucoma and is comparable with conventional TSCPC.
Clinical and molecular features of familial and sporadic cases of von Hippel‐Lindau disease from Mexico
Authors: Chacon‐Camacho Oscar F , Rodriguez‐Dennen Fernando , Camacho‐Molina Alejandra , Rasmussen Astrid , Alonso‐Vilatela Elisa , Zenteno Juan C 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground:  von Hippel‐Lindau disease (VHL) is an uncommon autosomal dominant condition predisposing to the development of tumours in a variety of body organs and caused by germline mutations in VHL, a tumour suppressor gene located on 3p. Up to 60% of VHL patients show ocular involvement with retinal hemangioblastoma being the most common observed lesion. In this study, we describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of two familial and one apparently non‐familial case of VHL ascertained at our institution.Methods:  Clinical evaluation included ophthalmologic examination and imaging exams for tumours identification; molecular analysis consisted of PCR amplification of the complete VHL gene coding sequence (three exons) and automated nucleotide sequencing.Results:  A total of eight affected subjects were demonstrated to carry a causative mutation in VHL. Affected subjects from family #1 had a c.245G > C change, predicting a p.R82P substitution, affected individuals from family #2 were shown to have a c.266T > C change, leading to a p.L89P missense substitution, whereas the apparently non‐familial case had a c.298‐299insA mutation. One subject from family #2 was a non‐penetrant carrier. No ocular anomalies were found in two adult affected subjects carrying the p.L89P mutation.Conclusion:  Considerable interfamilial and intrafamilial clinical variability as well as one instance of non penetrance were recorded in these VHL disease cases. Three different mutations were demonstrated, including the c.298‐299insA one base insertion, which has been previously described in two unrelated families from our country. Although additional studies are needed, our data suggest that this insertion could be a ‘founder’ mutation.
Comparison of visual field sensitivities between the Medmont automated perimeter and the Humphrey field analyser
Authors: Landers John , Sharma Alok , Goldberg Ivan , Graham Stuart L 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground:  Two commonly used perimeters in Australia and in many parts of Asia are the Humphrey field analyser II (HFA) and the Medmont automated perimeter (MAP). Each device maps the incremental light threshold of the visual field and describes the sensitivity at each point in ‘decibels’ (dB); however, these values are not interchangeable between devices. This study was designed to compare directly the sensitivity values of HFA and MAP visual fields.Methods:  Sixty‐three subjects who had suspected glaucoma, ocular hypertension or glaucoma, or were normal controls were recruited selectively. One eye from each patient was tested with the MAP and HFA in random order on the same day. Corresponding points between the two tests were identified and their sensitivities were compared.Results:  Sensitivities between MAP and HFA were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.45; P < 0.0001), with the relationship between them being described by the linear equation: MAP = 0.75*(HFA) − 0.87. On average, across the entire field MAP sensitivities were 7.4 dB (standard deviation 4.6 dB) lower than HFA. However, this relationship was modified by eccentricity and field sensitivity loss.Conclusion:  Visual field sensitivities for MAP and HFA may be related by a linear relationship. Theoretical and clinical predictions that this difference may be on average approximately 5 dB have been confirmed.