bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacher Empathy in an engineering classroom: Exploring the growth in perception of Teacher Empathy through the journey of three engineering faculty members
Authors: Sundaram Bala Vignesh , Kellam Nadia N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn higher education, Teacher Empathy is a term that refers to the empathetic skills of teachers. Researchers in other disciplines have shown that Teacher Empathy reduces teacher burnout and improves teacher satisfaction and student performance. There is little research on Teacher Empathy within engineering education.PurposeIn our current study, we explored the potential changes in perception of Teacher Empathy among three engineering faculty members as they utilized empathetic actions while teaching second‐year engineering courses. Understanding the experiences of faculty members will help us to implement and further explore Teacher Empathy in engineering education.MethodTeacher Action Research methodology helped us provide agency to our three participants and research with them instead of on them. We used a combination of values coding and simultaneous coding for data analysis.FindingsImproved confidence in their empathetic skills was observed for two participants as they showed positive evolution of their perception about Teacher Empathy. The other participant increased the number of empathetic approaches he used in his classroom.ConclusionReduced teacher burnout, improved teacher satisfaction, and better student performance were some of the major benefits of Teacher Empathy that emerged. The difference in the evolution of each participant's perception about Teacher Empathy indicated that the personality of a faculty member has an influence on implementation and success of Teacher Empathy.
Translation, cross‐cultural adaptation, and preliminary validation of a patient‐reported outcome measure for genetic counseling outcomes in Sweden
Authors: Pestoff Rebecka , Danielsson Henrik , McAllister Marion , Johansson Peter , Gunnarsson Cecilia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGenetic counseling is key for understanding the consequences of hereditary and genetic diseases and, therefore, crucial for patients, their families, and healthcare providers. Genetic counseling facilitates individuals' comprehension, decision‐making, and adaptation to hereditary diseases. This study focuses on the Swedish adaptation of the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale‐24 (GCOS‐24), an internationally validated, patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) for quantifying patient empowerment in genetic counseling. This study aimed to translate and cross‐culturally adapt the GCOS‐24 to measure patient‐reported outcome from genetic counseling in Sweden. The adaptation process was meticulously conducted, adhering to international guidelines, with cross‐cultural adaptation, translation, and back translation, to ensure semantic, conceptual, and idiomatic equivalence with the original English version. Face validity and understandability was assured using qualitative cognitive interviews conducted with patient representatives, and by a committee of experts in the field. The psychometric properties of the Swedish version of GCOS‐24 (GCOS‐24swe) were evaluated using a robust sample of 374 patients. These individuals received genetic counseling by telephone or video, necessitated by the constraints of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants responded to GCOS‐24swe both before and after genetic counseling. The GCOS‐24swe demonstrated face validity, good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86), significant responsiveness (Cohen's d = 0.65, p < 0.001), and good construct validity. The study's findings underscore the GCOS‐24swe's potential as an effective instrument in both clinical practice and research within Sweden. It offers a valuable means for assessing patient empowerment, a key goal of genetic counseling. Additional psychometric assessment of test–retest reliability and interpretability would further enhance the utility of GCOS‐24swe.
Understanding the psychological impact of identifying carrier status on young adults: A qualitative study exploring peer reactions
Authors: Bowen Edie , Langston John , Fletcher Harriet , Domek Julia , Ulph Fiona 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe benefits and harms of identifying carriers in childhood have long been debated with European Guidelines advising against this practice. Yet over a thousand carriers are identified via newborn bloodspot screening per year in the United Kingdom alone. One of the concerns about identification is the impact it has on an individual's identity. This, in part, will be determined by how parents and peers view carriers, particularly during young adulthood. To address the paucity of research looking at how carriers are perceived by peers, this study sought to explore the views of young adults, who themselves are not carriers, toward carriers. As the narratives around COVID‐19 increased, the salience of the term “carrier”, the impact of such narratives on perceptions, was also explored. Twenty‐five 18–25 year olds participated in a diary‐interview study in the United Kingdom during 2021 to explore their perceptions of carriers via hypothetical scenarios. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Interviewees believed carriers would experience stigma—including societal and self‐stigma. This was because people used existing illness beliefs to make sense of carrier status about which they had low levels of understanding. Interviewees believed carriers would experience challenges in familial and romantic relationships due to others' judgments. They also believed parents of carriers would experience a burden around making reproductive decisions, with clear views on what society would view as acceptable choices. Importantly interviewees felt knowledge of ones' own carrier status conferred complex communication challenges within relationships. These findings suggest an urgent need for more research and support for young adults entering a key stage in life for identity formation who have knowledge of their carrier status. The results suggest that support targeted toward the carrier regarding navigating complex communication and targeted more broadly to avoid stigma based on misunderstanding should be researched and developed.
Lectin binding to pectoral fin of neonate little skates reared under ambient and projected‐end‐of‐century temperature regimes
Authors: Thomas Peyton , Peele Emily E. , Yopak Kara E. , Sulikowski James A. , Kinsey Stephen T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe glycosylation of macromolecules can vary both among tissue structural components and by adverse conditions, potentially providing an alternative marker of stress in organisms. Lectins are proteins that bind carbohydrate moieties and lectin histochemistry is a common method to visualize microstructures in biological specimens and diagnose pathophysiological states in human tissues known to alter glycan profiles. However, this technique is not commonly used to assess broad‐spectrum changes in cellular glycosylation in response to environmental stressors. In addition, the binding of various lectins has not been studied in elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays). We surveyed the binding tissue structure specificity of 14 plant‐derived lectins, using both immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, in the pectoral fins of neonate little skates (Leucoraja erinacea). Skates were reared under present‐day or elevated (+5°C above ambient) temperature regimes and evaluated for lectin binding as an indicator of changing cellular glycosylation and tissue structure. Lectin labeling was highly tissue and microstructure specific. Dot blots revealed no significant changes in lectin binding between temperature regimes. In addition, lectins only detected in the elevated temperature treatment were Canavalia ensiformis lectin (Concanavalin A) in spindle cells of muscle and Ricinus communis agglutinin in muscle capillaries. These results provide a reference for lectin labeling in elasmobranch tissue that may aid future investigations.
Not detaching from work during leisure time: A control‐theory perspective on job‐related cognitions
Authors: Sonnentag Sabine , Wiegelmann Monika 
Published: April 2024

SummaryLack of psychological detachment from work during leisure time is related to unfavorable affective states and poor well‐being but little is known about the processes that drive this relationship. We propose that lack of detachment from work translates into next‐day negative and positive affect by specific thought processes. Building on a control‐theory approach to repetitive thought and rumination, we introduce a refined conceptualization of job‐related cognitions during leisure time that integrates a valence perspective (referring to negative versus positive events) with a temporal‐direction perspective (backward‐oriented vs. forward‐oriented). Using daily‐survey data collected from 243 employees over two workweeks, multilevel path analysis revealed that lack of detachment from negative events predicted backward‐oriented negative rumination and forward‐oriented solution seeking. Lack of detachment from positive events predicted backward‐oriented positive rumination and forward‐oriented goal generation. Only backward‐oriented negative rumination, in turn, predicted next‐day negative affect. Neuroticism and extraversion moderated the relationships between lack of detachment and job‐related cognitions, resulting in a particularly strong serial indirect effect between lack of detachment from negative events and next‐day negative affect for persons high in neuroticism. Our study helps to understand why and for whom lack of psychological detachment from work during leisure time is particularly adverse.
Changes in water‐soluble taste compounds of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets subjected to different thawing methods during long‐term frozen storage
Authors: Wang Hongli , Wang Yingying , Xu Ke , Pan Saikun , Shi Wenzheng , Wang Xichang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe taste of fish is highly dependent on the composition of free amino acids (FAAs) and nucleotides. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of long‐term frozen storage periods (−18 °C, up to 6 months) and thawing methods [water thawing (WT, 25 °C), air thawing (AT, 25 °C), and chilled air thawing (CAT, 4 °C)] on the taste quality of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets.RESULTSThe results showed that increase in bitter FAAs of CAT samples was 150.57% at 6 months of storage, which was lower than that of AT and WT. Glycine was the most abundant FAA and CAT maintained the highest sweet FAAs (249.90 mg/100 g). Additionally, the inosine monophosphate (IMP) of CAT samples were 1.18 and 1.09 times higher than that of WT and AT, respectively, at a frozen period of 6 months. In particular, the increase in equivalent umami concentration (EUC) values ranged from 24.25% to 103.16% in the three groups during the first 2 months. Data from principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least‐squares discrimination analysis (OPLS‐DA) indicated that the taste quality was highly correlated with high levels of FAAs, hypoxanthine inosine (HxR) and hypoxanthine (Hx) as the storage time progressed.CONCLUSIONIn general, CAT is beneficial in maintaining the taste quality of tilapia fillets during frozen storage, and frozen durations for 2 months enhances the umami flavor. This study provides useful information for the preservation of frozen aquatic products during the storage and thawing, and enrich the theoretical knowledge of the flavor chemistry of fish products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of partial substitution of complex phosphates with sodium bicarbonate on aggregation, conformation and gel properties of beef‐pork‐chicken complex myofibrillar proteins
Authors: Zhou Yajun , Liu Jingxuan , Ma Yongliang , Ma Zhiyuan , Ma Qingshu , Li Zongping , Wang Shujie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDComplex phosphates (CP) can improve the physicochemical properties and gelation properties of myofibrillar fibrous protein (MP) in mixed meat products, but an excessive intake of phosphates over a long period of time is harmful to health. The present study investigated the effects of partial or complete substitution of CP with sodium bicarbonate (SB) on the physicochemical properties and gel properties of beef‐pork‐chicken mixed myofibrillar protein (BPC‐MP), aiming to evaluate the feasibility of this method in reducing the amount of phosphate in mixed meat products.RESULTSUnder the optimal substitution conditions, the turbidity of BPC‐MP was reduced by 37.8%, the net negative potential was increased by 28.9% and the modulus of elasticity (G') was increased. The tertiary structure indexes of protein (including fluorescence intensity, surface hydrophobicity and active thiol content) were significantly changed, whereas the α‐helix and β‐turn angle contents in the secondary structure of protein were significantly increased. In addition, the water retention ability and strength of gel were also improved, which were increased by 20.7% and 42.6%, respectively. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the SB substitution group had a more compact and ordered microstructure.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that partial substitution of CP with SB reduced the amount of phosphate added to BPC‐MP and had a positive effect on the physicochemical and gel properties of BPC‐MP. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recalcitrant pityriasis rubra pilaris in a Middle Eastern patient and arguments for early anti‐IL‐23 targeting
Authors: Al‐Abdulla Mohammed N. , Al‐Shafi Wadha , Ahmed Hanof , Jochebeth Anh , Joy Febu , Younis Shahd , Petkar Mahir , Buddenkotte Joerg , Steinhoff Martin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare, chronic cutaneous inflammatory disorder of keratinization affecting adults, children and patients with HIV. The pathogenesis of PRP is not fully understood with clinical presentations, and severity remains highly variable. Current treatment modalities for PRP result in recalcitrant disease with potentially unfavourable therapeutic side effects and low tolerability. Due to the rarity of this condition, limited data on treatment efficacies and established management guidelines are lacking. The psychological burden of PRP is detrimental to the quality of life of patients affected with PRP and remains a persistent gap of knowledge. Here, we provide a review of the literature, summarizing new developments in the treatment of PRP and a case report of a patient treated successfully with the anti‐interleukin (IL)‐23p19 antibody Risankizumab with sustained clinical improvement. Risankizumab appears to be an effective and safe treatment for PRP in Asian‐Arabic patients. Further studies are required to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of newer targeted therapies for severe PRP.
Open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy with and without bone void filler: Allograft leads to faster bone union and weight bearing with comparable return to work and sports rates
Authors: Resch Tobias , Szymski Dominik , Hartz Frederik , Zehnder Philipp , Römmermann Gregor , Angele Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare the clinical and radiological outcome of open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) with allogenous bone chips to a control group without bone void filler. The focus was on the rates and timelines of return to work (RTW) and return to sports (RTS), given the significance of these factors for the satisfaction of young and active patients.MethodsOne hundred and ninety‐five cases of OWHTO (112 cases with allograft vs. 83 cases without graft) with a follow‐up of 17 ± 4.8 months were included in this retrospective analysis. Various metrics were investigated, including time to return to full weight bearing, RTW and RTS rates and timelines, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Score, Cincinnati‐Sportsmedicine and Orthopaedic Centre Score and Tegner Score. The time to bone union was determined on radiographs taken at 6, 16, 28 and 53 weeks.ResultsPatients returned to full weight bearing after 8.8 ± 4.8 weeks. RTW was possible for 92.8% after 13.7 ± 12.3 weeks. 96.2% returned to sports after 22.7 ± 8.3 weeks, but the number of disciplines and workouts per week diminished (p < 0.001, p = 0.006). A shift to low‐impact and recreational sports was observed. Patients with allograft filling had earlier bone union (21 ± 12.3 vs. 31.9 ± 14.2 weeks, p < 0.001) and returned faster to full weight bearing (8.2 ± 4.5 vs. 9.8 ± 5 weeks, p = 0.013). There was no difference between groups in the IKDC Score (69 ± 17.2 vs. 69.9 ± 15.2, p = 0.834), Cincinnati‐Sportsmedicine and Orthopaedic Centre Score (68 ± 18.3 vs. 69.4 ± 18.2, p = 0.698) and Tegner Score (3.8 ± 1.5 vs. 4 ± 1.5, p = 0.246).ConclusionAllograft filling leads to faster bone union and return to full weight bearing but showed no significant advantage in terms of RTW/RTS, overall patient satisfaction and functional scores. The decision for or against filling the osteotomy gap, therefore, remains a case‐by‐case decision.Level of EvidenceLevel III, Retrospective cohort study.
Comprehensive assessment of rocky desertification treatment in Southwest China karst
Authors: Chang Jingyi , Li Qian , Zhai Lu , Liao Chujie , Qi Xiangkun , Zhang Ying , Wang Kelin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRocky desertification is a prominent ecological issue in Southwest China's karst region, ranking among the nation's three primary ecological challenges alongside soil erosion and desertification. The government initiated the Rocky Desertification Treatment Program in 2008, lacking a comprehensive evaluation of its benefits. This study evaluates the program's impact on ecosystem services over the last two decades using remote sensing, ecosystem models, and field data. The results indicated a continuous net decrease of rocky desertification, 48% in the eight southwestern provinces from 2005 to 2021. The average annual growth rate of vegetation cover reached 2.54% in key counties for rocky desertification control, significantly higher than that of all the 451 rocky desertification counties from 2016 to 2020. Additionally, ecosystem productivity increased by 35.8% in rocky desertification counties from 2000 to 2020, which is 1.34 times greater than that observed in non‐rocky desertification counties. It was found that the ecosystem service promotion after the net reduction of rocky desertification area in 2010–2020 is more significant, especially the carbon sequestration in 2010–2020 of key counties for rocky desertification control is 2.7 times than that in 2000–2010. It indicates that the rocky desertification treatment enters the stage of ecosystem service promotion on the basis of achieving rapid “greening,” leading to significant improvements in ecosystem structures and services in the karst region of Southwest China. To mitigate the risk of rocky desertification, tailored measures must be implemented considering local climate, lithology, landform types, and human–land relations for effective treatment zoning and classification.
Toward more accurate estimates of carbon emissions from small reservoirs
Authors: Naslund Laura C. , Mehring Andrew S. , Rosemond Amy D. , Wenger Seth J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBecause of their abundance and high emissions rates, small reservoirs (< 0.01 km2) can be important emitters of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane. However, emissions estimates from small reservoirs have lagged those of larger ones, and efforts to characterize small reservoir emissions have largely overlooked variations in emissions pathways, times, and locations. We intensively sampled four small reservoirs in Georgia, USA, during the summer to quantify the contribution and spatiotemporal variability of different emissions pathways (CO2 and CH4 diffusion, CH4 ebullition). We used these data to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of different sampling schemes. Every emissions pathway was dominant in one reservoir on one sampling day, and excluding ebullition caused misestimation between −89% and −15% of the total flux. Sampling only once daily caused misestimation between −78% and 45%, but sampling twice or just after dawn (07:00 h) reduced error. Sampling four or fewer locations caused misestimation between −85% and 366%, and our results indicated that 6–20 sampling locations may be needed for reasonable accuracy. The floating aquatic macrophyte Wolffia sp. (duckweed) appeared to exert control over emissions variability, and the consequences of not accounting for variability were greater in a duckweed‐covered reservoir. Our results indicate that sampling only at 10:00 h (modal sampling time of prior efforts) may lead to the erroneous conclusion that reservoirs with high photosynthetic biomass are CO2 sinks rather than sources. Improving estimation accuracy by accounting for within‐reservoir variation in emissions will facilitate more strategic management of these abundant, anthropogenic ecosystems.
Using a long‐range autonomous underwater vehicle to find and sample harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie
Authors: Zhang Yanwu , Kieft Brian , Hobson Brett W. , Raanan Ben‐Yair , Ussler William , Preston Christina M. , Errera Reagan M. , Den Uyl Paul A. , Woude Andrea Vander , Doucette Gregory J. , Ruberg Steven A. , Goodwin Kelly D. , Birch James M. , Scholin Christopher A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) in the Great Lakes pose risks to residential drinking water use, fisheries, and recreation. Active mitigation of these risks requires rapid detection of CyanoHABs and quantification of the toxins they produce. Here, we present a method of using a long‐range autonomous underwater vehicle (LRAUV) equipped with a 3rd‐generation Environmental Sample Processor (3G‐ESP) to search for and adaptively sample areas of high chlorophyll potentially representative of CyanoHAB biomass. In August 2021, this method was used in western Lake Erie. The experiment highlighted the effectiveness of the LRAUV autonomous search‐and‐sample methodology, and demonstrated how an interdisciplinary team located in different states virtually coordinated LRAUV operations and directed sampling activities via Internet connectivity using shared, web‐based situational awareness tools. The advancements made provide a foundation for future work to increase LRAUV autonomy and adaptiveness for CyanoHAB studies and monitoring in both freshwater and marine settings.
Ultraminiature Optical Fiber‐Tip 3D‐Microprinted Photothermal Interferometric Gas Sensors
Authors: Zhao Pengcheng , Krishnaiah Kummara Venkata , Guo Linhao , Li Taige , Ho Hoi Lut , Zhang A. Ping , Jin Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOptical fiber sensor emerges as a highly promising technology for trace gas detection due to their high sensitivity, remote capability, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. However, the state‐or‐the‐art fiber‐optic gas sensors typically use lengthy optical fibers as gas absorption cells or coatings with functional materials to achieve more sensitive gas detection, which poses challenges such as slow response and/or poor selectivity, as well as limitations on their use in confined spaces. Here, an ultraminiature optical fiber‐tip photothermal gas sensor via direct 3D micro‐printing of a Fabry‐Pérot cavity on the end face of a standard single‐mode optical fiber is reported. It enables not only direct interaction between light and gas molecules at the fiber output but also remote interrogation through an interferometric read‐out scheme. With a low‐finesse microcavity of 66 µm in length, a noise equivalent concentration of 160 parts‐per‐billion acetylene gas is demonstrated with an ultra‐fast response time of 0.5 s. Such a small high‐performance photothermal gas sensor offers an approach to remotely detecting trace gases for a myriad of applications ranging from in‐reactor monitoring to medical diagnosis.