bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of energy consumption for residential building- A case study in Libya
Authors: Alafya Abdusalam Yehmed , Maka Ali O. M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An energy-efficient building maximises the utilisation of resources by providing comfortable living conditions to occupancy inside; while consuming the lowest amount of energy required. Building materials and electrical appliances used in a structure affect how power is consumed; hence, a building's characteristics are essential for further development. Notwithstanding, throughout the year, either in cold or hot weather, buildings are designed to provide comfort for their residents. Households in Libya turn on their air conditioning throughout the day to decrease the impact of the summertime weather, so the rise of temperature. That significantly demands more energy from the grid, and during peak energy demand might cause a deficiency in power generation. In residential houses, air conditioning units consume a large volume of Libya's electricity consumption, approximately 36% of the total electricity generated. Therefore, to obtain an overview of the amount of power required for cooling in Libyan homes; an investigation was created with an emphasis on air conditioning usage, followed by modelling of energy consumption. This work aims to minimise the amount of electricity required from a design perspective. It used surveys and modelling to determine the cooling requirements of different types of architectural buildings (ABs). Besides, the investigation indicated there is a substantial excessive waste of energy in the dwelling when using air conditioning units (ACUs). The analysis deduced consumption patterns of Libyan households are high in electricity, whereas approximately 40.6% of the respondents live in a one-floor house, which needs further consideration. At the same time, it addresses the challenges of electricity demand from the architectural viewpoint.

Graphical abstract
‘Offshoring’ Weapons Production and Implications for Export Controls: Lessons from South Africa
Authors: Marchant Michael , Mathe Zenkosi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Large European arms companies increasingly own and control subsidiaries in other parts of the world. These subsidiaries operate hundreds of production sites used to manufacture and export weapons for the benefit of the parent company. Yet, they are bound by the legal framework in host countries. An important case study of this phenomenon is South Africa, which is now the site for numerous subsidiaries of large European arms manufacturers, including Rheinmetall and Hensoldt. Between 2018 and 2021, a Rheinmetall subsidiary in South Africa continued to export weapons to Saudi Arabia despite a German prohibition. This article uses South Africa as a case study to examine the potential consequences of the practice of offshoring in the context of weaknesses in South Africa’s arms export control framework and provides recommendations on how to improve scrutiny and reporting in South Africa’s system to better guard against this type of conduct.
What are you looking at? Context and sex dependence of visual attention to faces
Authors: Pátková Žaneta , Třebický Vít , Kocourek Martin , Schwambergová Dagmar , Kleisner Karel , Havlíček Jan , Třebická Fialová Jitka 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Perception studies describe numerous discrete morphological facial features as important to judgments of various characteristics. Interestingly, little is known about whether people actually direct their visual attention to these features and how specific contexts or sex affect this attention. We, therefore, examined visual attention to faces in the context of intersexual (opposite-sex assessment of attractiveness) and intrasexual (same-sex assessment of dominance) selection.
In total, 93 women and 33 men rated 80 high-resolution facial photographs of men and women while their gaze was recorded using eye-tracking. To explore patterns of raters’ attention to faces and specific facial features, we used the number of fixations, fixation duration, and visit duration as visual attention measures.
Women directed more visual attention towards the faces of potential partners (more fixations) than potential rivals, and men had longer visit duration when assessing potential partners than rivals. Facial features that acquired the most visual attention across contexts and sexes were the eyes, nose, and mouth, but small differences between the sexes and contexts in visual attention were found for other facial regions suggested by previous perception studies, such as the chin and the cheeks indicating their importance in specific judgements.
Prestige and gender role ideology: A study of young Tanzanian men
Authors: Ishungisa Alexander M , Kilgallen Joseph A. , Mabula Elisha , Brand Charlotte O , Urassa Mark , Lawson David W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the objective of informing theoretical accounts of social learning and gendered conflict, we explore the role of prestige in the formation of men’s beliefs about gender in a semi rural, but fast urbanising community in northwestern Tanzania. Using focus groups and participant observation, we contrast the extent to which young men view elders and men from the neighboring city as prestigious, and the beliefs they ascribe to each category. Elders were viewed as prestigious because of their age, and position as preservers and teachers of societal norms. Their prestige was culturally mandated, as evidenced by customs bestowing respect. In contrast, only subcategories of city men were deemed prestigious dependent on individual achievement. Prestige was difficult to distinguish from dominance, since both elders and city men can exert penalties on those with differing views. Elders were viewed as mostly, but not always, unsupportive of women’s empowerment, while city men were viewed as mostly, but not always, supportive of women’s empowerment. We conclude that urbanisation shifts the distribution of prestige, exposing individuals to novel sources of social influence. However, future studies should be wary not to oversimplify elders as upholders of patriarchal beliefs and city men as universally supportive of women’s empowerment.
Staphylococcus aureus colonization and surgical site infections among patients undergoing surgical fixation for acute fractures
Authors: Ahmann Megan , Compton Jocelyn , Pottinger Jean , Uhlenhopp Richard , Ward Melissa , Haleem Ambar , Willey Michael , Schweizer Marin , Herwaldt Loreen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives:
To identify risk factors for methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage and surgical site infection (SSI) among patients undergoing fracture fixation procedures who were included in a quality improvement protocol involving screening patients for S. aureus nasal carriage and treating carriers with intranasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine bathing.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Participants:
1,254 adults who underwent operative fixation of 1,298 extremity or pelvis fractures between 8/1/2014 – 7/31/2017.

Methods:
We calculated rates of S. aureus nasal carriage and SSI. We used multivariable stepwise logistic regression and selected the final models based on Akaike information criterion.

Results:
Of the 1,040 screened first procedures, 262 (25.19%) were performed on S. aureus nasal carriers: 211 (20.29%) on MSSA carriers and 51 (4.90%) on MRSA carriers. Long-term care facility residence (odds ratio [OR] 3.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–9.76) was associated with MRSA nasal carriage. After adjusting for statistically and clinically significant variables, MRSA carriage was significantly associated with any SSI (OR 4.58; 95% CI 1.63–12.88), S. aureus SSI (OR 10.11; 95% CI 3.25–31.42), and MRSA SSI (OR 27.25; 95% CI 5.33–139.24), whereas MSSA carriage was not. Among S. aureus carriers, any chlorhexidine use was documented for 232 (88.55%), and any intranasal mupirocin was documented for 85 (40.28%) MSSA carriers and 33 (64.71%) MRSA carriers.

Conclusions:
MRSA carriage was associated with a significant risk of SSI after operative fracture fixation. Many carriers did not undergo decolonization, suggesting that a simplified decolonization protocol is needed.
The impact of infectious diseases department on the incidence of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia at a tertiary care center: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kawamoto Yuya , Takamatsu Akane , Matsui Kenjiro , Doi Yohei , Honda Hitoshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Cases of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOBF) are on the rise in Japanese hospitals, but little is known about their incidence in hospitals and how it relates to the availability of services provided by infectious diseases departments.

Methods:
We herein investigated the monthly incidence density of HOBF per 1,000 patient days from 2013 through 2023 at a tertiary care hospital in Japan. The incidence of overall HOBF and pathogen-specific HOBF, including those caused by Enterobacterales, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), and Candida species, was tracked. Changes in the HOBF trend before and after the establishment of an infectious diseases department at the hospital were evaluated.

Results:
In total, 4,315 HOBF-related events were identified. The overall incidence density of HOBF increased by 2.4-fold from 0.58 per 1,000 PD in 2013 to 1.42 per 1,000 PD in 2023. Both the level and trend changes in the incidence density of overall HOBF (+0.3142 for change in level [P < .001]; +0.0085 for change in trend [P < .001]), HOBF caused by S. aureus (+0.0983 for change in level [P < .001]; +0.0016 for change in trend [P = 0.016]), and Candida spp. (+0.0466 for change in level [P = 0.030]; +0.0019 for change in trend [P = 0.002]) significantly increased after the establishment of the infectious diseases department.

Conclusion:
The incidence density of overall HOBF and clinically important pathogen-specific HOBF increased over the last decade. The availability of services through the infectious diseases department was significantly associated with an increase in the HOBF incidence, likely suggesting improvement in the diagnosis of HOBF.
Identifying patients at high risk for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) carriage on admission to acute care hospitals: validating and expanding on a public health model
Authors: Prakash-Asrani Radhika , Bower Chris , Robichaux Chad , Chan Barney , Jacob Jesse T. , Fridkin Scott K. , Howard-Anderson Jessica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Validate a public health model identifying patients at high risk for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) on admission and evaluate performance across a healthcare network.

Design:
Retrospective case-control studies

Participants:
Adults hospitalized with a clinical CRE culture within 3 days of admission (cases) and those hospitalized without a CRE culture (controls).

Methods:
Using public health data from Atlanta, GA (1/1/2016–9/1/2019), we validated a CRE prediction model created in Chicago. We then closely replicated this model using clinical data from a healthcare network in Atlanta (1/1/2015–12/31/2021) (“Public Health Model”) and optimized performance by adding variables from the healthcare system (“Healthcare System Model”). We frequency-matched cases and controls based on year and facility. We evaluated model performance in validation datasets using area under the curve (AUC).

Results:
Using public health data, we matched 181 cases to 764,408 controls, and the Chicago model performed well (AUC 0.85). Using clinical data, we matched 91 cases to 384,013 controls. The Public Health Model included age, prior infection diagnosis, number of and mean length of stays in acute care hospitalizations (ACH) in the prior year. The final Healthcare System Model added Elixhauser score, antibiotic days of therapy in prior year, diabetes, admission to the intensive care unit in prior year and removed prior number of ACH. The AUC increased from 0.68 to 0.73.

Conclusions:
A CRE risk prediction model using prior healthcare exposures performed well in a geographically distinct area and in an academic healthcare network. Adding variables from healthcare networks improved model performance.
Optimal convergence rates of MCMC integration for functions with unbounded second moment
Authors: Hofstadler Julian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the Markov chain Monte Carlo estimator for numerical integration for functions that do not need to be square integrable with respect to the invariant distribution. For chains with a spectral gap we show that the absolute mean error for

$L^p$

functions, with

$p \in (1,2)$

, decreases like

$n^{({1}/{p}) -1}$

, which is known to be the optimal rate. This improves currently known results where an additional parameter

$\delta \gt 0$

appears and the convergence is of order

$n^{(({1+\delta})/{p})-1}$

.
Caribbean Modernism and Cleary’s Modernism, Empire, and World Literature
Authors: Malouf Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Joe Cleary’s Modernism, Empire, and World Literature critiques Casanova’s theory of World Literature and adapts it to a new model of transatlantic modernism. This review essay recasts Cleary’s theory through a Caribbean perspective by applying it to the poetry and early career of Claude McKay
Alterations in the intestinal microbiome and immune dysregulation in infants with CHD undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: a scoping review
Authors: Prout Andrew J. , Meert Kathleen L. , Al-Ahmadi Mamdouh , Dickson Robert P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Infants who require cardiopulmonary bypass for surgical repair of CHD are at high risk for secondary infections, which cause significant death and disability. The risk of secondary infection is increased by immune dysfunction. The intestinal microbiome calibrates immune function. Infants with CHD have substantial changes in their intestinal microbiome. We performed this scoping review to describe the current understanding of the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and immune function after pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Methods:
We searched the PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, and Scopus databases with the assistance of a medical librarian. We included trials that analysed intestinal microbiome composition and immune function after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in infants.

Results:
We found two observational cohorts and two interventional trials describing composition of intestinal microbiome and some measures of immune function after heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in infants. A total of 114 children were analysed. Three trials were exclusively in infants, and one was in older children and infants. All trials found a differential composition of the intestinal microbiome in infants with CHD compared to those without CHD, and one described a robust correlation between composition of the intestinal microbiome with cytokine profile and adverse outcomes.

Conclusions:
Despite robust preclinical data and data from other disease states, there is minimal data about the correlation between immune function and intestinal microbiome composition in infants with CHD after cardiopulmonary bypass.
Celebrating 280 birth years of Lamarck: revisiting his legacy in the concept of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
Authors: Zambrano Elena , Ibáñez Carlos A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In 2024, we are celebrating the 280th anniversary of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, whose early theories on inheritance and environmental adaptation have advanced the foundational concepts of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). This proposal aims to explore how some Lamarckian ideas align with contemporary understandings of how environmental factors in early life can affect health throughout an individual’s lifetime and across generations. This text not only honors an important historical milestone but also reflects on how a DOHaD notion might have been present since the earliest years of biological science. It bridges historical scientific thought with present-day scientific research.
Characterizing the Speed of Chemical Cycling in the Atmosphere
Authors: Li Emy W. , Sturm Patrick Obin , Silva Sam J. , Barber Victoria A. , Keller Christoph A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractChemical cycling drives the production and loss of many important atmospheric constituents. The speed of atmospheric chemical cycling is a particularly valuable indicator for characterizing and measuring the effects of such cycles on oxidant chemistry, air quality, and climate. Here, we apply graph theoretical methods to explicitly quantify and analyze the characteristic timescales of gas‐phase chemical cycles in the troposphere and stratosphere, as simulated by the GEOS‐Chem chemical mechanism. We identify all two‐, three‐, and four‐reaction cycles in the mechanism and calculate a characteristic timescale for each individual cycle. We find that the speed of chemical cycling varies by orders of magnitude at any given location but tends to be faster in urban‐ and biogenically‐dominated chemical regions, and slower during the night. We further quantify the fraction of cycling that contains a rate‐determining step, and explicitly demonstrate the large potential for mechanisms to recycle oxidants like OH.
Influence of Anomalous Ocean Heat Transport on the Extratropical Atmospheric Circulation in a High‐Resolution Slab‐Ocean Coupled Model
Authors: Sun Lantao , Patrizio Casey , Thompson David W. J. , Hurrell James W. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractKey questions remain about the atmospheric response to variability in the oceanic western boundary currents (WBCs). Here we exploit a unique high‐resolution slab‐ocean coupled climate model to investigate how ocean heat transport (OHT) anomalies in the major WBCs of both hemispheres affect the atmospheric circulation. Prescribed OHT anomalies lead to robust changes in convective precipitation anomalies equatorward of the maximum surface warming. The response is deepest and most pronounced over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) WBCs, where it is associated with significant changes in upper tropospheric vertical motion, condensational heating and geopotential heights. The response is relatively shallow over the Southern Hemisphere (SH) WBCs. The findings reveal the robustness of the atmospheric response to OHT anomalies and highlight key hemispheric differences: in the NH, OHT anomalies are balanced by deep atmospheric vertical motion; in the SH, they are balanced primarily by shallow horizontal temperature advection.
Non‐Monotonic Impact of Erosion on Solute Dispersion in Porous Media
Authors: Saeibehrouzi Ali , Abolfathi Soroush , Denissenko Petr , Holtzman Ran 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFlow through a granular, natural porous media can erode it chemically by dissolving and thus shrinking the solid particles, or mechanically, by removing them. The two‐way interplay between the transport of fluids and dissolved solutes and alteration of the porous structure and hence the medium's transport properties is of interest to processes ranging from subsurface energy storage to contamination in groundwater. Here, we conduct a quantitative pore‐scale analysis through a combination of numerical simulations and microfluidic experiments. We find that erosion enhances solute dispersion at low Pe (diffusion‐dominated) and diminishes it at high Pe. Residence time distribution reveals that mechanical erosion tends to induce non‐Fickian transport more than chemical erosion, which we attribute to the differences in their effects on pore size distribution.
Nitrogen Source Preferences and Ecological Implications of Phytoplankton Primary Production in the Yellow Sea, South Sea of Korea, and East/Japan Sea, 2018
Authors: Jang Hyo Keun , Kang Jae Joong , Lee Dabin , Kim Kwanwoo , Kim Myung Joon , Park Sanghoon , Kim Yejin , Kim Jaesoon , Joo Huitae , Youn Seok‐Hyun , Lee Sang Heon 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the partitioning of primary production into new and regenerated productions, based on nitrate or ammonium utilization, is crucial to understanding biogeochemical processes and marine ecosystems. This study addresses the scarcity of information on new and regenerated productions in the Yellow Sea (YS), South Sea (SS), and East/Japan Sea (EJS). Employing the 13C–15N tracer method, we quantified carbon and nitrogen uptake rates of phytoplankton across four seasons in 2018. Seasonal nitrate and ammonium uptake rates exhibited distinct ranges in the YS (0.2–6.1 and 0.4–22.3 mg N m−2 hr−1), SS (1.0–15.6 and 4.5–15.4 mg N m−2 hr−1), and EJS (1.5–7.3 and 4.5–15.4 mg N m−2 hr−1). Notably, nitrate uptake rates in the YS (except spring), SS, and EJS were generally lower than ammonium uptake rates, attributed to the dominance of pico‐sized (<2 μm) phytoplankton with a high affinity for ammonium. Carbon uptake rates in all seas displayed significant positive correlations with nitrate uptakes rather than ammonium uptakes, suggesting that the prevailing ammonium assimilations by dominant pico‐sized phytoplankton contributed to the lower primary productions in 2018. Estimated annual new productions (30, 24, and 43 g C m−2 y−1) in the YS, SS, and EJS fall within the reported ranges for other regions. However, the EJS exhibited lower productions than previous reports (146 g C m−2 y−1), potentially impacting fishery yields and export production to the deep ocean in 2018. These findings, in the context of rapid environmental changes, provide crucial baseline information for monitoring future marine ecosystems in Korean seas.
Late Cambrian and Ordovician Alkalic Magmatism Along the Dawson Fault, Yukon: Evidence for Multiple Reactivations of a Rift‐Transfer Fault in the Northern Canadian Cordillera
Authors: Cobbett Rose N. , Beranek Luke P. , Colpron Maurice , Piercey Stephen , Crowley James L. , Strauss Justin V. , Taylor John F. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLower Paleozoic continental margin rocks of the North American Cordillera, from Yukon to Nevada, include coeval platformal carbonate and basinal clastic strata that are offset along rift‐transfer faults, including the Liard, St. Mary‐Moyie, and Snake River structures. The Dawson fault is a prominent east‐west‐striking structure in central Yukon that is interpreted herein to have been active as a rift‐transfer fault by late Cambrian time. This hypothesis is supported by new zircon U‐Pb dates that range from 501.98 ± 0.17 Ma to 497.57 ± 0.70 Ma from alkaline mafic volcanic rocks concentrated along the Dawson fault. The development of a sub‐Jiangshanian unconformity immediately post‐dates this alkaline magmatism and indicates that final continental breakup and establishment of the northern Cordilleran margin occurred by the late Miaolinginan. Alkaline magmatism caused by local decompression partial melting of the mantle may have been triggered by the release of in‐plane tensile stresses during lithospheric rupture and edge‐driven mantle convection. Upper Ordovician alkaline mafic volcanic and plutonic rocks that occur along a northwest‐southeast striking segment of the Dawson fault erupted ∼50 Myr after breakup and represent an example of post‐rift magmatism along a rift‐transfer fault. New bedrock mapping, and geochronological, paleontological, and petrological results from Upper Ordovician rocks indicate that there was localized basin development and punctuated volcanism along the Dawson fault from 453 to 447 Ma. Late Ordovician extension and post‐breakup magmatism in central Yukon is compatible with dextral strike‐slip reactivation of the Dawson rift‐transfer fault associated with counterclockwise rotation of Laurentia.