bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SERPINB3 induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Quarta Santina , Vidalino Laura , Turato Cristian , Ruvoletto Mariagrazia , Calabrese Fiorella , Valente Marialuisa , Cannito, Stefania , Fassina Giorgio , Parola Maurizio , Gatta Angelo , Pontisso Patrizia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEpithelial–mesenchymal transition is believed to facilitate invasion and metastasis formation of epithelial tumour cells. SERPINB3 is a serine protease inhibitor, physiologically found in normal squamous epithelium but over‐expressed in epithelial tumours and known to inhibit apoptosis. We tested the hypothesis that SERPINB3 has a role in invasion by modulating the epithelial–mesenchymal transition programme, using morphological, molecular and cell biology techniques on HepG2 cell clones transfected with the human SERPINB3 gene. The paracrine effect of this serpin was determined by the addition of exogenous recombinant SERPINB3 protein to HepG2 and MDCK cell line. SERPINB3 expression leads to changes in transfected cells morphology, characterized by clusters of loosely connected cells with elongated shape. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the decrease of desmosomal junctions and widening of intercellular spaces. These alterations were associated with a reduction of E‐cadherin and an increase of β‐catenin, with a parallel increase of cell proliferation. SERPINB3 clones, untransfected HepG2 and MDCK cells treated with exogenous SERPINB3 expressed vimentin, undetectable in controls. SERPINB3 induced significant cell scattering, migration and invasiveness in untransfected cells. These effects were not dependent on the anti‐protease activity of the protein, as documented by the results obtained with an active loop‐deleted recombinant SERPINB3 protein. Scatter activity was inhibited by an anti‐SERPINB3 antibody in a dose‐dependent manner and SERPINB3‐transfected cells formed a significantly higher number of colonies on soft agar than controls. In conclusion, the observed results indicate that SERPINB3 induces deregulation of adhesion processes and increases the invasiveness potential supported by features of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, acting at both the autocrine and the paracrine level. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mechanisms underlying fibroblast apoptosis regulated by growth factors during wound healing
Authors: Akasaka Yoshikiyo , Ono Ichiro , Kamiya Takafumi , Ishikawa Yukio , Kinoshita Toshio , Ishiguro Shigeki , Yokoo Tomoko , Imaizumi Risa , Inomata Naomi , Fujita Kazuko , Akishima‐Fukasawa Yuri , Uzuki Miwa , Ito Kinji , Ishii Toshiharu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWhile investigating the mechanisms underlying cell death during wound healing processes, we uncovered the pro‐apoptotic effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on granulation tissue fibroblasts following pretreatment with transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 in vitro. bFGF induced caspse‐3 activation and apoptosis in TGF‐β1‐pretreated granulation tissue‐derived fibroblasts (GF‐1) following bFGF treatment for 48 and 96 h. In contrast, fibroblasts that had been treated in the same manner and that originated from the uninjured dermis did not display apoptosis, indicating that the mechanisms underlying apoptosis events in fibroblasts that originate from normal dermal and wound tissues differ. In this process, we also found that bFGF inhibited Akt phosphorylation at serine 473 and induced a rapid loss of phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at tyrosine 397 in pretreated GF‐1 cells, an event that coincided with the dissociation of phosphorylated FAK from the focal adhesions. Therefore, inhibition of survival signals relayed via the disrupted focal adhesion structures and inactivated Akt following bFGF treatment may lead to apoptosis in GF‐1 cells pretreated with TGF‐β1. Pretreatment of GF‐1 with TGF‐β1 followed by the addition of bFGF resulted in significantly greater inhibition of phosphorylation of Akt and FAK compared to treatment with TGF‐β1 or bFGF alone. The combinatorial treatment also led to proteolysis of FAK and inhibition of FAK and Akt protein expression in GF‐1 cells. These findings demonstrated a significant role for the two cytokines in apoptosis of granulation tissue fibroblasts during wound healing. In vivo studies also confirmed a marked decline in phosphorylation and protein expression of Akt and FAK in bFGF‐injected skin wounds. These results led to the hypothesis that temporal activation of TGF‐β1 and bFGF at the injury site promotes apoptosis in granulation tissue fibroblasts, an event that is critical for the termination of proliferative granulation tissue formation. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase I study of valspodar (PSC‐833) with mitoxantrone and etoposide in refractory and relapsed pediatric acute leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: O'Brien Maureen M. , Lacayo Norman J. , Lum Bert L. , Kshirsagar Smita , Buck Steven , Ravindranath Yaddanapudi , Bernstein Mark , Weinstein Howard , Chang Myron N. , Arceci Robert J. , Sikic Branimir I. , Dahl Gary V. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundValspodar, a non‐immunosuppressive analog of cylosporine, is a potent P‐glycoprotein (MDR1) inhibitor. As MDR1‐mediated efflux of chemotherapeutic agents from leukemic blasts may contribute to drug resistance, a phase 1 study of valspodar combined with mitoxantrone and etoposide in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory leukemias was performed.ProcedurePatients received a valspodar‐loading dose (2 mg/kg) followed by a 5‐day continuous valspodar infusion (8, 10, 12.5, or 15 mg/kg/day) combined with lower than standard doses of mitoxantrone and etoposide. The valspodar dose was escalated using a standard 3 + 3 phase I design.ResultsTwenty‐one patients were evaluable for toxicity and 20 for response. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of valspodar was 12.5 mg/kg/day, combined with 50% dose‐reduced mitoxantrone and etoposide. The clearance of mitoxantrone and etoposide was decreased by 64% and 60%, respectively, when combined with valspodar. Dose‐limiting toxicities included stomatitis, ataxia, and bone marrow aplasia. Three of 11 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) had complete responses while no patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) had an objective response. In vitro studies demonstrated P‐glycoprotein expression on the blasts of 5 of 14 patients, although only 1 had inhibition of rhodamine efflux by valspodar.ConclusionsWhile this regimen was tolerable, responses in this heavily pretreated population were limited to a subset of patients with ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:694–702. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stanozolol treatment for successful prevention of attacks of severe primary cryofibrinogenemia
Authors: Unal Sule , Kara Fehime , Ozen Seza , Orhan Diclehan , Tuncer Murat , Gumruk Fatma 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSevere essential cryofibrinogenemia is rare in childhood, and both the diagnosis and the management are challenging for pediatricians. An 11‐year‐old male, who had already lost two digits following cold exposure, was referred after multiple visits to various hospitals and subsequently diagnosed as primary cryofibrinogenemia. His history revealed unresponsiveness to calcium channel blockers, acetyl salicylic acid, pentoxifylline, dextran, and steroids. Stanozolol (2 mg/day, orally) prophylaxis was initiated and no new skin lesions developed following starting this treatment. Some of the newly formed lesions at the onset of stanozolol healed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:174–176. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modelling c‐Si/SiNx interface recombination by surface damage
Authors: Steingrube Silke , Altermatt Pietro P. , Schmidt Jan , Brendel Rolf 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAmorphous silicon nitride (SiNx) layers are widely used for the electronic passivation of surfaces in Si solar cells. However, measurements have consistently shown that the effective recombination velocity Seff increases with decreasing excess carrier density Δn < 1015 cm–3 at acceptor densities below 1017 cm–3. This poor performance is not observed at surfaces diffused with dopants, which requires an additional high temperature process during cell fabrication. Understanding the poor performance at low Δn may therefore provide strate gies for cost reduction in solar cell processing. This paper presents a detailed quantitative analysis of this effect. It is concluded that the lifetime is reduced to a value near 1 μs in a 100–500 nm thin region underneath the SiNx layer. We predict, that to avoid this effect, a mere tenfold reduction of the density of defect states in this region is sufficient. A possible explanation of this effect are defects caused by H‐termination during wafer pretreatment. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Representing and using scenarios for responding to climate change
Authors: Rosentrater Lynn D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractScenarios have become a standard tool in climate studies and provide the basis for our understanding of climate‐related challenges, the mechanisms for adaptation, and options for mitigation. They can be thought of in two ways: either as products that describe outcomes resulting from specific driving forces, or as processes for establishing long‐term planning targets. Common scenario types include emissions scenarios, climate change scenarios, and socioeconomic scenarios, all of which are used in strategic planning to compare the potential consequences of different future contexts. Scenario‐based studies also shape the information that is used to motivate the changes in behavior that are needed to achieve mitigation goals. This review presents some of the issues that arise when using scenarios for responding to climate change. Uncertainties associated with scenario approaches are an apparent barrier to the development of policies regarding climate change, especially at local and national scales. Scenarios are also ineffective at addressing noncognitive influences on climate change perception and therefore do not stimulate behavioral change. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and Responses
Network reliability evaluation
Authors: Sahinoglu Mehmet , Rice Benjamin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article, beyond presenting a spectrum of network reliability methods studied in the past decades, describes a scalable innovative ‘overlap technique’ to tackle large complex networks' reliability evaluation difficulties, which cannot be handled by straightforward reliability block diagramming (RBD) techniques used for the simple parallel‐series topologies. Examples are shown on how to apply the overlap algorithm to compute the ingress‐egress reliability. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the methods discussed. (1) Static (time independent), (2) dynamic (time dependent) using a versatile Weibull distribution to represent the multiple stages of network components from infancy to useful life period and to wear‐out, and (3) multistate versions to include derated behavior beyond conventional working and nonworking states, are illustrated for calculating the directional source‐target (s‐t) reliability of complex networks by using the Java software ERBDC:Exact Reliability Block Diagramming Calculator. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Reliability, Survivability, and Quality Control
Three New Iron(II) Thiocyanato Coordination Polymers Based on 4,4′‐Bipyridine as Ligand and the Influence of Methanol on Their Structures
Authors: Wriedt Mario , Näther Christian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractReaction of iron(II) thiocyanate with 4,4‐bipyridine (bipy) in methanol leads to the formation of three new solvates of different composition depending on the reaction conditions: At room temperature two new ligand‐rich 1:2 (1:2 = ratio between metal and N‐donor ligand) polymorphic forms [Fe(NCS)2(bipy)2·2MeOH]n (1I) and [Fe(NCS)2(bipy)(MeOH)2·(bipy)]n (1II) are obtained, whereas solvothermal conditions leads to the formation of the new ligand‐deficient 1:1 compound [{Fe(NCS)2(bipy)(MeOH)}2]n (2). All crystal structures were determined by X‐ray single crystal structure analysis. In the crystal structure of modification 1I the metal atoms are coordinated by four bridging bipy ligands, which connect them into layers. The methanol molecules occupy voids in the structure. Compared to 1I in modification 1II the crystal structure contains of linear Fe–bipy–Fe chains, which are further connected by hydrogen bonds between coordinating MeOH and noncoordinated bipy ligands into layers. The ligand‐deficient 1:1 compound 2 shows a completely different coordination topology with linear Fe–bipy–Fe chains, which are connected by coordinating methanol molecules into double‐chains. In all compounds the thiocyanato anions are terminal N‐bonded to the metal atoms. Investigation of the thermal behavior of compound 1I shows a two‐step decomposition, in which ligand‐deficient intermediates are formed. Magnetic measurements on 1I reveal Curie–Weiss paramagnetism with increasing antiferromagnetic interactions on cooling.
Räumliche Aspekte des föderativen Systems — Eine Einführung
Authors: Fürst Dietrich , Kilper Heiderose 
Published: March 2010

The discussion about the modernisation of German federalism is put in an international comparative context. The criticism of the traditional federalism of the Federal Republic of Germany is outlined and the pressure for adaptation that arises from the changed context conditions is sketched out. Different directions of development for changes and important points of departure for reform efforts in regional and institutional learning processes are found here.
The process of “re-inventing the state” against the background of a changing conception of the state aims at a new division of labour between the federation, the federal states and the municipalities. In network-like forms of governance the federal states turn into “strategic general entrepreneurs”, while executive functions are transferred to the regions and municipalities. Regional planning would be the suitable co-ordinator for the growing need for co-ordination that accompanies this, under inclusion of the bodies that are addressed by the execution.
Economic convergence on different spatial levels: the conflict between cohesion and growth
Authors: Kramar Hans 
Published: March 2010

The analysis of economic disparities within the European Union strongly depends on the regional level considered. Whereas the economic gap between the member states has decreased over the last decades, regional disparities have rather deepened. The reason for these contradictory findings can be found in the increasing disparities within many of the member states: Especially in growing economies the gap between urban centres and rural peripheries tends to widen. The spatial concentration of research and development, high skilled labour, infrastructure and foreign investment in the capitals will therefore suppose-ably become a big challenge for the accession countries, which will have to face increasing international competition. Joining a common market of more than 450 million people means new opportunities, challenges and threats for economic development, which have to be faced by local, regional and national governments as well as by European institutions.
EU-policies act in the dichotomy between the conflicting goals of economic growth and cohesion. Since they strongly influence regional conditions for production it is of great political interest whether a certain measure fosters economic efficiency by favouring the highly developed centres or rather enhances convergence by promoting lagging regions. The answer is, however, not trivial and needs closer examination: Measures encouraging regional cohesion on the European level can also increase disparities within a state or a region at the same time. This is the reason why the regional effects of EU-policies have to be analysed on different spatial levels.
Dealing with the spatial impacts of various European Policies (Regional Policy, Trans-European Networks, Common Agricultural Policy, Research and Technological Development Policy) there is some evidence that these policies try to compensate the effects of growing competition in the common market by concentrating their efforts on urban growth poles within the underdeveloped countries. Doing that, the European Union comes up to the two conflicting goals of growth and cohesion by promoting efficient economic development in the member states on the one hand and regional convergence on the European level on the other. This approach is of course mainly directed at European objectives and brings about new problems for the member states: According to the principle of subsidiarity the growing divergence within the member states is, however, not a policy task of the European Union but of the member states: Therefore national politics are still required to take on responsibility for these intranational problems by adopting their transport, regional and economic policies to the new challenge.
Großstadtpolitik in England – das Beispiel Manchester
Authors: Jessen Johann , Walther Uwe-Jens 
Published: March 2010

KurzfassungNach ihrem Wahlsieg 1997 machte die Labour-Regierung Stadtpolitik zu einem ihrer zentralen Themen. Darin verknüpfte sie programmatisch die Kritik an den Mängeln einer bisher vorrangig marktwirtschaftlich orientierten Stadtpolitik mit der Modernisierung des Staatshandelns. Es wurden zahlreiche Programme aufgelegt, neue Institutionen geschaffen und fachpolitische Initiativen lanciert, die heute die nationale Stadtpolitik wie die Politik in den englischen Städten maßgeblich prägen. Neuere Evaluationen der Politik ziehen eine insgesamt positive Bilanz der Blair‘schen Stadtpolitik. In den englischen Städten sei in den vergangenen zehn Jahren der soziale Zusammenhalt gewachsen, ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit habe sich erhöht und die Lebensqualität, die sich nach dem englischem Verständnis sehr stark auf die Qualitäten des öffentlichen Raums bezieht, sei angestiegen. Der Beitrag umreißt die wesentlichen Merkmale dieser Stadtpolitik der letzten zehn Jahre und macht ihre Ergebnisse an der lokalen Stadtpolitik Manchester plastisch, die als ein besonders erfolgreiches und markantes Beispiel gilt.
Möglichkeiten der Evaluierung eines Regionalen Flächennutzungsplans am Beispiel des Ruhrgebiets
Authors: Pollermann Kim 
Published: March 2010

By implementing the “Regionalen Flächennutzungsplan” (RFNP, in sense of a regional joint preparatory land-use plan), “preparatory land-use planning” and “regional planning” are pooled together to one planning. This article shows possibilities for an evaluation of such a planning. First, basic characteristics of the RFNP and the results of a survey about the image of the RFNP are presented.
After having given an introduction about options for the systematisation of the RFNP-process as well as about the difficulties to find a definition of its success, different modules for an evaluation step by step are elaborated. In addition, those groups of actors and methods required to collect appropriate data are shown.
Positive and negative alcohol‐related consequences: Associations with past drinking
Authors: Lee Christine M. , Maggs Jennifer L. , Neighbors Clayton , Patrick Megan E. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTWhile recent attention suggests that positive and negative alcohol‐related expectancies are important determinants of alcohol use, less is known about what types of consequences young people report actually experiencing when drinking alcohol. The present study (N = 742, 54% women) examined positive (Fun/Social, Relaxation/Coping, Positive Image) and negative (Physical, Behavioral, Driving) consequences of alcohol use among individuals with prior drinking histories who completed surveys the summer before their first year at university. Fun/Social consequences were reported more frequently than any negative consequences. Alcohol consequences were associated with drinking behaviors. In particular, positive Fun/Social consequences and negative Physical and Driving‐related consequences were related to alcohol frequency, alcohol quantity, and frequency of heavy episodic drinking. Positive consequences were at least as strongly associated with drinking as were negative consequences. The possible role of Fun/Social consequences in the escalation and maintenance of high‐risk drinking is discussed.
Does Public Health Have a Personality (and If So, Does It Matter If You Don't Like It)?
Authors: COGGON JOHN 
Published: March 2010

“Dissecting Bioethics,” edited by Tuija Takala and Matti Häyry, welcomes contributions on the conceptual and theoretical dimensions of bioethics.The section is dedicated to the idea that words defined by bioethicists and others should not be allowed to imprison people's actual concerns, emotions, and thoughts. Papers that expose the many meanings of a concept, describe the different readings of a moral doctrine, or provide an alternative angle to seemingly self-evident issues are therefore particularly appreciated.The themes covered in the section so far include dignity, naturalness, public interest, community, disability, autonomy, parity of reasoning, symbolic appeals, and toleration.All submitted papers are peer reviewed. To submit a paper or to discuss a suitable topic, contact Tuija Takala at tuija.takala@helsinki.fi.
The relationship between P-wave dispersion and diastolic functions in diabetic children
Authors: Köken Reşit , Demir Tevfik , Şen Tolga Altuğ , Kundak Ahmet Afşin , Öztekin Osman , Alpay Faruk 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relations between the P-wave dispersion and diastolic functions in type 1 diabetic children.PatientsA total of 33 diabetic patients without any cardiovascular disease, with a mean age of 12.3 plus or minus 4.2 years, and 29 healthy controls, with a mean age of 10.4 plus or minus 3.9 years were enrolled for this study. Left and right ventricular functions were assessed by using standard pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography. P-wave dispersion was calculated by measuring minimum and maximum P-wave duration values on the surface electrocardiogram.ResultsFor the diabetic patients, P-wave maximum duration and dispersion was found to be significantly increased compared with healthy controls. Likewise, mitral A velocity and A velocity time integral was significantly increased while the isovolumic contraction time was significantly higher in the diabetics. In tricuspid valve measurements, however, A velocity time integral was found to be significantly higher, whereas the deceleration time was significantly lower in the diabetics. No relation was found between the left ventricle diastolic functions and duration of diabetes, HbA1c levels and P-wave dispersion in the diabetic children. No correlation was found between the diastolic functions and P-wave minimum, maximum duration, and dispersion for all the participants.ConclusionIn type-1 diabetic children, the diastolic functions of both the ventricles were observed to be affected negatively together. Diabetes might be causing the prolongation of P-wave dispersion, but there was no relationship between the diastolic functions and P-wave dispersion in the diabetic children.