bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Centralité des activités dans la région urbaine de Tunis (1994-2004)
Authors: Amara Mohamed , Kriaa Mohamed , Montacer Makram 
Published: August 2010

Dans cet article, nous examinons la configuration spatiale de la métropole tunisoise (Grand Tunis). Dans un premier temps, une Analyse Exploratoire des Données Spatiales (ESDA) a été menée afin de visualiser la centralité des densités de l’emploi et de la population en 1994 et 2004 ainsi que son évolution. Dans un deuxième temps, les outils de l’économétrie spatiale nous ont permis d’estimer et de comparer les spécifications monocentrique, multicentrique et dispersive des fonctions de densité de l’emploi et de la population. Nous cherchons à vérifier d’abord la robustesse des configurations obtenues avec l’ESDA, à définir et à retenir ensuite la spécification qui décrit le mieux la configuration de la centralité urbaine du Grand Tunis. Les résultats montrent un passage d’une configuration monocentrique à une configuration multicentrique, qui est confirmée par la localisation résidentielle. Ces résultats sont en concordance avec les enseignements de la Nouvelle Économie Urbaine (NEU).
Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Approach for Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Research Participation
Authors: Mayer Sarah L. , Brajcich Michelle R. , Juste Lionola , Hsu Jesse Y. , Yehya Nadir 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceWhile disparities in consent rates for research have been reported in multiple adult and pediatric settings, limited data informing enrollment in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) research are available. Acute care settings such as the PICU present unique challenges for study enrollment, given the highly stressful and emotional environment for caregivers and the time-sensitive nature of the studies.ObjectiveTo determine whether race and ethnicity, language, religion, and Social Deprivation Index (SDI) were associated with disparate approach and consent rates in PICU research.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study was performed at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia PICU between July 1, 2011, and December 31, 2021. Participants included patients eligible for studies requiring prospective consent. Data were analyzed from February 2 to July 26, 2022.ExposureExposures included race and ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, White, and other), language (Arabic, English, Spanish, and other), religion (Christian, Jewish, Muslim, none, and other), and SDI (composite of multiple socioeconomic indicators).Main Outcomes and MeasuresMultivariable regressions separately tested associations between the 4 exposures (race and ethnicity, language, religion, and SDI) and 3 outcomes (rates of approach among eligible patients, consent among eligible patients, and consent among those approached). The degree to which reduced rates of approach mediated the association between lower consent in Black children was also assessed.ResultsOf 3154 children included in the study (median age, 6 [IQR, 1.9-12.5] years; 1691 [53.6%] male), rates of approach and consent were lower for Black and Hispanic families and those of other races, speakers of Arabic and other languages, Muslim families, and those with worse SDI. Among children approached for research, lower consent odds persisted for those of Black race (unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.73 [95% CI, 0.55-0.97]; adjusted OR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.49-0.93]) relative to White race. Mediation analysis revealed that 51.0% (95% CI, 11.8%-90.2%) of the reduced odds of consent for Black individuals was mediated by lower probability of approach.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of consent rates for PICU research, multiple sociodemographic factors were associated with lower rates of consent, partly attributable to disparate rates of approach. These findings suggest opportunities for reducing disparities in PICU research participation.
Single‐Benzene Fluorophores: Controlling Electron Density on Amino of 2,5‐Diaminoterephthalates to Manipulate Optical/Electronic Properties for Efficient and Diversified Functions
Authors: Bao Zhiwei , Yang Yuchen , Wu Xiaoqian , Ni Yingyong , Zhou Hongping , Zheng Zheng , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSingle‐benzene fluorophores have attracted increasing interest owing to their simple molecular structure and unique photophysical properties. Developing novel single‐benzene fluorophores with facile synthesis, bright and tunable dual‐state emissions, and diversified functions is highly desirable. Herein, a strategy of controlling electron density on amino of 2,5‐diaminoterephthalates is proposed to modulate their dual‐state emission, acidichromism, Cu2+ detection, and lipid droplets (LDs) staining. A series of efficient dual‐state single‐benzene fluorophores based on 2,5‐diaminoterephthalate skeleton with tunable emissions in blue to red region and large Stokes shifts is facilely developed. The obtained fluorophores with various substituents on amino groups exhibit different acidichromism property. Two of fluorophores (ABB and ABM) with high electron density on amino groups exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity toward Cu2+ detection with a ratiometric and “turn‐off” fluorescence mechanism for ABM and ABB, respectively. The limit of detection for Cu2+ is determined to be 1.40 × 10−7 and 4.35 × 10−9 mol L−1 for ABB and ABM, respectively. Moreover, three of fluorophores (ABT, ABB, and ABM) with green to red emission display superior LDs‐targeting capability with high specificity, and brightness. This molecular design philosophy provides a new way of designing highly bright dual‐state fluorophores for practical applications.
Confined Space Dual‐Type Quantum Dots for High‐Rate Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Yang Qingjun , Chung KingYan , Liu Xinlong , Sun Lin , Han Jing , Yang Yujue , Chen Tiandi , Shi Weidong , Xu Bingang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOwing to the quantum size effect and high redox activity, quantum dots (QDs) play very essential roles toward electrochemical energy storage. However, it is very difficult to obtain different types and uniformly dispersed high‐active QDs in a stable conductive microenvironment, because QDs prepared by traditional methods are mostly dissolved in solution or loaded on the surface of other semiconductors. Herein, dual‐type semiconductor QDs (Co9S8 and CdS) are skillfully constructed within the interlayer of ultrathin‐layered double hydroxides. In particular, the expandable interlayer provides a very suitable confined space for the growth and uniform dispersion of QDs, where Co9S8 originates from in situ transformation of cobalt atoms in laminate and CdS is generated from interlayer pre‐embedding Cd2+. Meanwhile, XAFS and GGA+U calculations are employed to explore and prove the mechanism of QDs formation and energy storage characteristics as compared to surface loading QDs. Significantly, the hybrid supercapacitors achieve a high energy density of 329.2 µWh cm−2, capacitance retention of 99.1%, and coulomb efficiency of 96.9% after 22 000 cycles, which is superior to the reported QDs‐based supercapacitors. These findings provide unique insights for designing and developing stable, ordered, and highly active QDs.
Scalable and Ultra‐Sensitive Nanofibers Coaxial Yarn‐Woven Triboelectric Nanogenerator Textile Sensors for Real‐Time Gait Analysis
Authors: Wang Yihan , Chu Lang , Meng Si , Yang Mingxuan , Yu Yidan , Deng Xiaokang , Qi Cheng , Kong Tiantian , Liu Zhou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractYarn‐woven triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have greatly advanced wearable sensor technology, but their limited sensitivity and stability hinder broad adoption. To address these limitations, Poly(VDF‐TrFE) and P(olyadiohexylenediamine (PA66)‐based nanofibers coaxial yarns (NCYs) combining coaxial conjugated electrospinning and online conductive adhesive coating are developed. The integration of these NCYs led to enhanced TENGs (NCY‐TENGs), notable for their flexibility, stretchability, and improved sensitivity, which is ideal for capturing body motion signals. One significant application of this technology is the fabrication of smart insoles from NCY‐TENG plain‐woven fabrics. These insoles are highly sensitive and possess antibacterial, breathable, and washable properties, making them ideal for real‐time gait monitoring in patients with diabetic foot conditions. The NCY‐TENGs and their derivatives show immense potential for a variety of wearable electronic devices, representing a considerable advancement in the field of wearable sensors.
Breaking the Trade‐Off between Ionic Conductivity and Mechanical Strength in Solid Polymer Electrolytes for High‐Performance Solid Lithium Batteries
Authors: Du Ao , Lu Haotian , Liu Sisi , Chen Shuoyi , Chen Zihui , Li Wenhao , Song Jianwei , Yang Quan‐Hong , Yang Chunpeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are among the most promising candidates for solid‐state batteries due to their easy processibility, interface compatibility, and cost efficiency. However, the trade‐off between the ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of SPEs, which has persisted for decades, hinders their application in solid‐state lithium (Li) metal batteries. In this study, the aim is to break this trade‐off by utilizing poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) nanofibers as a mechanically strong backbone and polyethylene oxide (PEO) as an ionically conductive network. The PBO/PEO composite electrolyte reduces the crystallinity of PEO while increasing the mechanical strength (74.4 MPa, ≈14 times that of PEO). Thus, PBO/PEO simultaneously improves ionic conductivity and mechanical strength both at room temperature and elevated temperatures, enabling uniform and smooth Li deposition. Thus, a long cycle life of solid‐state Li symmetric cells for 1000 h at 60 °C is achieved, and stable cycling of solid‐state Li metal full batteries at 60 °C and even 100 °C. Furthermore, the solid‐state pouch cell using this SPE exhibits excellent performance reliably after bending. The study clearly indicates that simultaneously improving mechanical properties and conductivity is the indispensable path to the practical application of solid‐state electrolytes.
Facile Galvanic Replacement Construction of Bi@C Nanosheets Array as Binder‐Free Anodes for Superior Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yan , Xu Xijun , Wu Yiwen , Li Fangkun , Fan Weizhen , Wu Yanxue , Ji Shaomin , Zhao Jingwei , Liu Jun , Huo Yanping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBismuth (Bi) possesses an ultrahigh theoretical volume capacity (3800 mAh cm−3) and low embedding potential stimulated considerable attention as anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, its practical application is still hampered by the huge volume variation during the charge/discharge process. To settle this issue, Bi@C nanosheet arrays (Bi@C‐NSA) are fabricated on copper foam via a facile galvanic replacement followed by in situ polymerization of dopamine and an annealing procedure. The carbon‐coated nanosheet array structure not only accommodates the volume expansion during cycling and maintains electrode stability, but also facilitates rapid electron/ion transport. Due to the unique structural design, this Bi@C‐NSA exhibits an impressive capacity of 315.72 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles under 1 A g−1. Furthermore, a series of in situ/ex situ techniques reveal that this Bi@C‐NSA possesses superior reaction kinetics and undergoes a typical alloying/dealloying storage mechanism. Furthermore, Bi@C‐NSA also achieves commendable reversible capacity and cycling stability in a wide temperature range (0 °C–60 °C). Notably, the assembled Na3V2(PO4)3//Bi@C‐NSA full cell demonstrates a capacity of 325 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 0.05 A g−1, which promises for practical applications. This galvanic replacement strategy spearheads a way to prepare nanoarray electrodes and will accelerate the development of sodium‐ion batteries.
De‐carboxylation of cross‐linkable triptycene‐based polyimides for CO2 separation
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Fan Fangxu , Sun Yongchao , Zhang Jingfa , Ma Canghai , He Gaohong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolymer‐based membrane technology holds immense promise for CO2 separation. However, it faces persistent challenges, including the high CO2 pressure‐induced plasticization and permeability‐selectivity trade‐offs, which significantly hinder the development of polymeric membranes. To tackle this issue, we synthesized a novel polyimide 6FDA‐DAT:DABA(6FDD) containing triptycene and carboxylic groups. Upon de‐carboxylation induced cross‐linking, the membrane demonstrated a simultaneous enhancement of gas permeability and selectivity. Specifically, compared to the uncross‐linked 6FDD, the 400°C‐24 h cross‐linked membrane exhibited a remarkable increase in CO2 permeability by 177% (93.1 Barrer) and a significant rise in CO2/CH4 selectivity by 47% (57.5), reaching the CO2/CH4 upper bound. More importantly, the cross‐linked membrane displayed vastly improved CO2 plasticization resistance, withstanding up to 42 bar of CO2 feed pressure. The design of decarboxylated cross‐linked membranes in this work paves the way for creating high‐performing and plasticization‐resistant membranes with potential applications in high‐pressure CO2 separations.
Using portable X‐ray fluorescence elemental analysis to explore porous skeletal lesions: Interplay of sex, age at death, and cause of death
Authors: Gomes Ricardo A. M. P. , Santos Ana Luisa , Catarino Lidia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesSearch for possible associations between bone elemental concentration and the presence of porous skeletal lesions (PSLs), considering the sex, age, and cause of death (COD) of the individuals.Materials and MethodsThe sample comprised 107 non‐adult individuals (56 females, 51 males) aged 0–20 (x̄ = 13.2, SD = 5.8) from the Coimbra and Lisbon Identified Skeletal Collections. Cribra cranii, orbitalia, humeralis, and femoralis were recorded as present/absent, and elemental concentrations were assessed by portable x‐ray fluorescence (pXRF). A multivariate statistical approach was applied.ResultsWell‐preserved skeletons with minimal diagenesis showed no sex‐related elemental variations or PSL associations. In contrast, age‐at‐death correlated with elevated Ca, P, Sr, and Pb levels. Cribra cranii increased with age while other cribra declined post‐adolescence. Higher concentrations of Fe and lower of S were linked to cribra cranii. Respiratory infections as COD increased the odds of expressing cribra femoralis (OR = 5.25, CI = 1.25–15.14), cribra cranii (OR = 2.91, CI = 0.97–8.69), and cribra orbitalia (OR = 2.76, CI = 1.06–7.24).DiscussionFeasible pXRF results and low cribra intraobserver error assure replicability. Elevated Ca, P, and Sr in older individuals may relate to skeletal growth, while increased Pb suggests bioaccumulation. Cribra's increase with age reflects different rates of marrow conversion and bone remodeling. Higher Fe and lower S in individuals with cribra cranii possibly reflects poor nutrition, early alcohol use, and sideroblastic anemia, aligning with 19th–20th‐century Portugal's living conditions. Respiratory infections increased cribra expression, revealing intricate interplays among inflammation, anemia(s), marrow expansion, and diet. This research highlights a complex scenario and blazes a new path for cribra interpretation.
γ‐Secretase Modulator BPN15606 Reduced Aβ42 and Aβ40 and Countered Alzheimer‐Related Pathologies in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
Authors: Chen Xu‐Qiao , Becker Ann , Albay Ricardo , Nguyen Phuong D. , Karachentsev Dmitry , Roberts Amanda J. , Rynearson Kevin D. , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Mobley William C. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesDue to increased gene dose for the amyloid precursor protein (APP), elderly adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at a markedly increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), known as DS‐AD. How the increased APP gene dose acts and which APP products are responsible for DS‐AD is not well understood, thus limiting strategies to target pathogenesis. As one approach to address this question, we used a novel class of γ‐secretase modulators that promote γ‐site cleavages by the γ‐secretase complex, resulting in lower levels of the Aβ42 and Aβ40 peptides.MethodsTs65Dn mice, which serve as a model of DS, were treated via oral gavage with 10 mg/kg/weekday of BPN15606 (a potent and novel pyridazine‐containing γ‐secretase modulators). Treatment started at 3 months‐of‐age and lasted for 4 months.ResultsDemonstrating successful target engagement, treatment with BPN15606 significantly decreased levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the cortex and hippocampus; it had no effect on full‐length APP or its C‐terminal fragments in either 2 N or Ts65Dn mice. Importantly, the levels of total amyloid‐β were not impacted, pointing to BPN15606‐mediated enhancement of processivity of γ‐secretase. Additionally, BPN15606 rescued hyperactivation of Rab5, a protein responsible for regulating endosome function, and normalized neurotrophin signaling deficits. BPN15606 treatment also normalized the levels of synaptic proteins and tau phosphorylation, while reducing astrocytosis and microgliosis, and countering cognitive deficits.InterpretationOur findings point to the involvement of increased levels of Aβ42 and/or Aβ40 in contributing to several molecular and cognitive traits associated with DS‐AD. They speak to increased dosage of the APP gene acting through heightened levels of Aβ42 and/or Aβ40 as supporting pathogenesis. These findings further the interest in the potential use of γ‐secretase modulators for treating and possibly preventing AD in individuals with DS. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:390–404
π‐Conjugated Nanohoops: A New Generation of Curved Materials for Organic Electronics
Authors: Roy Rupam , Brouillac Clément , Jacques Emmanuel , Quinton Cassandre , Poriel Cyril 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNanohoops, cyclic association of π‐conjugated systems to form a hoop‐shaped molecule, have been widely developed in the last 15 years. Beyond the synthetic challenge, the strong interest towards these molecules arises from their radially oriented π‐orbitals, which provide singular properties to these fascinating structures. Thanks to their particular cylindrical arrangement, this new generation of curved molecules have been already used in many applications such as host–guest complexation, biosensing, bioimaging, solid‐state emission and catalysis. However, their potential in organic electronics has only started to be explored. From the first incorporation as an emitter in a fluorescent organic light emitting diode (OLED), to the recent first incorporation as a host in phosphorescent OLEDs or as charge transporter in organic field‐effect transistors and in organic photovoltaics, this field has shown important breakthroughs in recent years. These findings have revealed that curved materials can play a key role in the future and can even be more efficient than their linear counterparts. This can have important repercussions for the future of electronics. Time has now come to overview the different nanohoops used to date in electronic devices in order to stimulate the future molecular designs of functional materials based on these macrocycles.
A Processible and Ultrahigh‐temperature Organic Photothermal Material through Spontaneous and Quantitative [2+2] Cycloaddition–Cycloreversion
Authors: Han Pengbo , Xu He , Zhang Guiquan , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnergy conversion, particularly light to heat conversion, has garnered significant attention owing to its prospect in renewable energy exploitation and utilization. Most previous efforts have focused on developing organic photothermal materials for low‐temperature applications, whereas the importance of simplifying the preparation methods of photothermal materials and enhancing their maximum photothermal temperature have been less taken. Herein, we prepare an organic near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal material namely ATT by a spontaneous [2+2] cycloaddition‐cycloreversion reaction. In addition to the solution‐based method, ATT could also be readily preapred by ball milling in a high yield of 90 % in just 15 min. ATT powder exhibits a broad absorption extending beyond 2000 nm, excellent processability, and thermal stability. Remarkably, ATT powder can reach an unprecedently temperature as high as 450 °C while maintaining excellent photostability upon photoirradiation. Leveraging its extraordinary photothermal and processable properties, ATT was used in the high‐temperature applications, such as photo‐ignition, photo‐controlled metal processing and high‐temperature shape memory, all of which offer spatiotemporal control capabilities. This work provides a new approach to prepare organic photothermal materials with high temperatures, and pave the way for their applications in extreme environments.
Shelf‐life of biodiesel by isothermal oxidation induction period at variable temperatures
Authors: Dunn Robert O. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters [FAME]) is a renewable biomass‐based diesel (BBD) fuel made from plant oils, animal fats and waste greases. One of the main disadvantages of biodiesel is its poor oxidative stability, which is caused by the presence of high concentrations of unsaturated FAME. When stored in fuel terminals, vehicle tanks and fuel systems, biodiesel can react with oxygen in ambient air, causing it to degrade, which can adversely affect its viscosity and ignition quality. The shelf‐life (SL) of biodiesel is an important property that defines how long it can be stored at low temperatures. The objective of this work is to develop reliable mathematical models to estimate the SL of biodiesel at T = 25°C (298.15 K). This was done by measuring oxidation induction period with a Rancimat instrument (IPR) at variable temperatures. The data were analyzed by linear regression to determine ln(IPR) as a function of T (Model A) and T−1 (Model B) for canola, palm and soybean oil FAME (CaME, PME and SME), methyl oleate (MeC18:1) and methyl linoleate (MeC18:2). Statistical analysis of the Model A and Model B type equations showed that all inferred equations were good fits of the experimental data (adjusted coefficients of determination, R2 ≥ 0.985). The most dependable results were obtained from extrapolation of Model B type equations to predict the SLB values. For CaME, PME, SME and MeC18:1, SLB = 559.0, 1135, 378.3 and 4515 d were inferred. However, the reliability of SLA (extrapolated from its Model A type equation) and SLB values calculated for MeC18:2 (3.1 and 4.8 d) were questionable as estimates of its SL at 298.15 K.