bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic Characteristics of Users of Worksite Health Promotion Written Materials
Authors: Golaszewski Thomas , Yen Louis Tze-Ching 
Published: December 2011

Background. Despite a long history of work organizations supplying health-oriented written materials to employees, little was known about the underlying factors contributing to their use. Earlier findings suggested that demographics might play a role in this process. Therefore, this research attempted to define user profiles of four basic written materials commonly found in worksite programs; medical self-care guide, newsletter, health risk appraisal (HRA), and HRA individual report. Methods. The results of a post-program questionnaire were collected from 10 work organizations using a commercial health promotion program (N >= 5,167; 29.8%). After defining a user for each piece, chi-square and logistic regression determined proportional differences between users and nonusers by selected demographics. Results. After controlling for variable interactions, the most likely user of the medical self-care guide was a non-white, lower educated female over age 40; the newsletter, a female over age 40; the HRA, a higher job rated female, and the HRA report, a female over age 40. Discussion. Written materials may have a different use pattern than other program offerings, or different than what might have been suspected intuitively. Other than female gender, most demographic variables either offered insignificant or unexpected contributions to prediction models. These results suggest that written materials may have a wider appeal than previously recognized.
Compliance with Worksite Nonsmoking Policies: Baseline Results from the COMMIT Study of Worksites
Authors: Sorensen Glorian , Glasgow Russell E. , Corbett Kitty , Topor Marie 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. Little is known about compliance with worksite nonsmoking policies. This study provides an examination of the relationship of policy compliance to characteristics of the organization and the manner in which the policy was implemented Design. Data came from two separate surveys of 1) representatives of worksites that reported having a nonsmoking policy and 2) employed residents from the same communities whose worksites had nonsmoking policies. Setting. This study was conducted as part of the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT), being conducted in 11 diverse intervention communities. Subjects. Data are presented from surveys of 710 worksites (response rate =90%) and 3,143 employed residents (response rate = 80%) of the same communities. Measures. Compliance with nonsmoking policies was measured by self-report in both surveys and is compared with worksite and respondent characteristics, type of policy, and methods of policy implementation. Results. Compliance with nonsmoking policies was high; 55% of worksites with a policy restricting smoking reported that employees always adhered to the policy. Compliance was highest in worksites with more restrictive policies and where labor-management relations were reported to be good. Compliance also was high where the policy was effectively communicated to workers, as through worksite distribution channels, the absence of cigarette vending machines, and the availability cessation assistance. Conclusions. These findings indicate that compliance with worksite nonsmoking policies is generally high, especially in the presence of more stringent policies.
A Critique of Contemporary Community Health Promotion Approaches: Based on a Qualitative Review of Six Programs in Maine
Authors: Goodman Robert M. , Steckler Allan , Hoover Sandra , Schwartz Randy 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. This article reports on a process evaluation of three Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH) projects and three Community Chronic Disease Prevention Programs (CCDPP) that operated in the State of Maine. PATCH and CCDPP are similar approaches to community health promotion developed and disseminated by the Centers for Disease Control. The evaluators studied how the Planned Approach to Community Health and the Community Chronic Disease Prevention Program models worked as community health strategies across the six field sites. Research Methods Used. Qualitative methods were used in a cross-case comparison of the six field sites. In studying each site, the evaluators focused on six stages common to both the Planned Approach to Community Health and the Community Chronic Disease Prevention Program models: Stage 1: conducting a community needs assessment; Stage 2: analyzing needs assessment data; Stage 3: setting priorities for the project based on the data; Stage 4: implementing activities; Stage 5: producing process outcomes; and Stage 6: institutionalizing the project. The analysis focused on how each of the six communities traversed these stages. Summary of Findings. Eight recommendations for refining Planned Approach to Community Health and Community Chronic Disease Prevention strategies resulted from the study: 1) do a community capacity assessment prior to initiating a community needs assessment; 2) do not overly rely on Behavioral Risk Factor Surveys; 3) analyze needs assessment data rapidly for community consumption; 4) allow flexibility and community input in determining priority health objectives; 5) provide technical assistance throughout a project, not just in the beginning; 6) fund at least one full-time local coordinator and extensive capacity building; 7) emphasize multiple interventions around one chronic condition at a time; and 8) emphasize program institutionalization. Conclusions. Community development approaches like Planned Approach to Community Health and Community Chronic Disease Prevention are promising health promotion strategies. To be optimally effective, however, these strategies need refinement based on systematic study in field settings. Because this study was limited to six sites in Maine, some of these findings may have limited generalizability.
Evaluation of a Community Bicycle Helmet Promotion Campaign: What Works and Why
Authors: Schneider Margaret L. , Ituarte Philip , Stokols Daniel 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. This study identifies effective components of a bicycle helmet promotion campaign, and mechanisms by which these components affect child helmet ownership. Design. A random telephone survey identified parents whose children did not own helmets prior to an educational campaign. A follow-up survey was conducted six months later. Regression analysis estimated the effects of four campaign components on child helmet ownership and tested for mediation by cognitive variables. Setting. Study participants were residents of a suburban community which undertook a citywide educational campaign to increase child helmet ownership. Subjects. Subjects were 210 parents with at least one school-aged child, none of whom owned helmets. Intervention. A multicomponent campaign was implemented by a community coalition. In addition, random subsamples of the study participants received direct mail or direct telephone communications. Results. Of the eligible respondents identified in the baseline sample, 39% completed the follow-up survey. Regression analysis showed that children whose parents received either helmet advice from a physician or direct telephone communications were 2.6 and 2.2 times more likely, respectively, to own helmets as children whose parents did not experience similar communication. Parental worry mediated the association, but parental beliefs about the effectiveness of helmets did not. Conclusions. Future helmet campaigns should use interpersonal strategies to increase parental worry about their children being involved in a bicycle accident. Generalization of these findings is limited by the high socioeconomic status of the study participants, and by the outcome measure, which is helmet ownership, not helmet use.
A Review of the Association between Abdominal Fat Distribution, Health Outcome Measures, and Modifiable Risk Factors
Authors: Emery Eileen M. , Schmid Thomas L. , Kahn Henry S. , Filozof Peter P. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose of the Review. This review of the literature examines the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and specific health outcome measures, modifiable risk factors, the impact of intervention efforts, and the significance of measurement methods. Search Methods Used. The research material that was received was found through several on-line data bases, including MEDLINE and CINAHL, an examination of references from selected articles, a manual review of recent relevant journals, and interviews with several physicians and epidemiologists who are experts in this field of inquiry. Forty-three research articles were reviewed for the section on health risk outcomes and abdominal fat distribution. Twenty studies were reviewed in the section on modifiable variables associated with fat distribution. Finally, 10 studies which examined the effect of behavior change on fat distribution were included in this review. Summary of Important Findings. Recent research indicates that people whose body fat is deposited more in the central or abdominal area, especially the intra-abdominal area, than it is in the gluteofemoral area are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. This risk is independent of but exacerbated by, the degree of obesity. Several nonmodifiable factors such as age, gender, and menopause as well as some modifiable factors such as obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, and alcohol intake are positively associated with abdominal fat deposition. Major Conclusions. Intervention results indicate that it is possible to decrease abdominal fat with total weight loss or smoking cessation.
Healthful Behaviors: Do They Protect African-American, Urban Preadolescents from Abusable Substance Use?
Authors: Ann D'Elio Mary , Mundt Diane J. , Bush Patricia J. , Iannotti Ronald J. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. Relationships between positive health behaviors and abusable substance use in preadolescent, urban, African-American schoolchildren were investigated. Design. Personal interviews and classroom surveys were used to assess health behavior and abusable substance use cross-sectionally. Setting. All respondents resided in the District of Columbia and attended the public school system. Subjects. The sample consisted of 303 urban, African-American fourth and fifth graders (151 boys, 152 girls). Measures. Classroom surveys assessed drinking, drinking without parental knowledge, smoking, use of other abusable substances, friends' use, self-esteem, and academic performance. Personal interviews assessed children's diet, exercise, overall health behavior, and socioeconomic status. Results. Logistic regressions showed that children who engaged in more health behaviors (exercise and proper nutrition) were one-third less likely to have smoked (OR=0.66) or to have drunk alcohol (OR=0.63) than those who engaged in fewer healthful activities. However, when gender, socioeconomic status, self-esteem, academic performance, personal use, and friends' use of other abusable substances were controlled, relationships were no longer statistically significant. Conclusions. These findings suggest that although positive health behaviors appear to be inversely related to abusable substance use in urban, African-American préadolescents, the relationship may be spurious.
A Comprehensive Smoking Cessation Program for the San Francisco Bay Area Latino Community: Programa Latino Para Dejar de Fumar
Authors: Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. , Marín Barbara VanOss , Marín Gerardo 
Published: December 2011

Background. Prevalence of cigarette smoking among Latinos compared to whites is higher among men (30.9% versus 27.9%), but lower among women (16.3% versus 23.5%). More acculturated Latina women, however, smoke more. Compared to other smokers, Latinos report consuming about half the average number of cigarettes per day. Up to a quarter of Latino smokers of less than 10 cigarettes per day may be underreporting consumption. The association between smoking and depression has also been found in Latinos. Program Goals. The Programa Latino Para Dejar de Fumar (Programa) goals are: 1) to evaluate attitudinal, behavioral, and cultural differences between Latino and white smokers; 2) to integrate these findings into a comprehensive, culturally-appropriate smoking cessation intervention; and 3) to implement the intervention in a defined community in order to decrease cigarette smoking prevalence, increase behaviors that may lead smokers to quit, and promote a nonsmoking environment. Program Components. Heightened concern about health effects of smoking the importance of social smoking and the influence of the family on behavior are integrated in the Programa components: 1) the promotion of a full-color, Spanish-language, self-help, smoking cessation guide (Guia), distributed at no charge; 2) an anti-smoking Spanish-language, electronic media campaign; 3) community involvement; 4) quit smoking contests; 5) smoking cessation, individual, telephone consultations (consultas); and 6) collaboration with health care personnel. Results. Effectiveness of the Programa is being evaluated by annual, cross-sectional, random digit dialing telephone surveys compared to two baseline surveys. After 19 months of intervention, the proportion who had heard of the Programa increased from 18.5% to 44.0%, and over one third of less acculturated smokers had the Guia. Future directions will emphasize smoking prevention among youth, prevention of relapse among quitters, and depression prevention.
Studying the Land, Contesting the Land: A Select Historiographic Guide to Modern Bukovina: Volume 2: Notes
Authors: Frunchak Svetlana 
Published: December 2011

This guide surveys the historiography of Bukovina, a region adjacent to the slopes of the outer, eastern Carpathians in East Central Europe. This work is intended as an introductory guide to the historical literature on Bukovina, which is voluminous but not easily accessible to readers who are not familiar with Eastern European languages. Another purpose of this guide is to demonstrate how historiography became a tool for political and cultural controversy in a borderland region. The discourse about Bukovina’s past, or rather the multiple controversial interpretations that tend to ignore each other, suggest that ideas of nationalism and territoriality, which have provided the major framework for conceptualizing of Europe’s past and present since the late eighteenth century, continue to dominate historical writings about the region. A (linguistically equipped) student of Bukovina would be looking at a large variety of general studies and an even more striking number of period- and theme-specific studies, published at different times and in various places. The naïve researcher might be surprised to fi nd quite divergent stories about the same region: many historical studies of Bukovina illustrate what might be called the borderland syndrome of contesting shared land―different ethnic communities produce quite separate historical narratives.
Phytotoxic effects of Euphorbia dracunculoides: a weed of rainfed chickpea-chickpea cropping system
Authors: Shanee S. , Tanveer A. , Javaid M. M. , Chaudhry K. M. , Aziz A. , Khaliq A. , Chaudhry M. N. , Pervez M. A. , Awan I. U. 
Published: December 2011

Phytotoxic effect occurs when plants release chemicals that inhibit neighoubouring plants. Phytotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of different parts of Euphorbia dracunculoides L. (green spurge) at two concentrations, and its infested soil were investigated on germination and seedling growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The fruit extract at 1:20 (w/v) concentration caused maximum reduction (12%) in germination of chickpea seeds while leaf extract at 1:10 (w/v)concentration resulted in maximum mean germination time value and minimum germination index of chickpea seeds. All the traits of chickpea seedling growth including emergence were adversely affected by the aqueous extracts at bothconcentrations. Further, the inhibition of chickpea seedling growth was more pronounced with 1:10 (w/v) concentrationwhereas the lower concentration (1:20 w/v) showed stimulatory effect on shoot length, seedling vigor index and chlorophyll contents of chickpea seedlings. The leaf extract at 1:10 (w/v) concentration proved most harmful to seedling growth and chlorophyll contents (76% reduction) of chickpea. Soil beneath the E. dracunculoides plants significantly reduced emergence (23%), seedling vigor index (55%) and chlorophyll content (19%) of chickpea but a significant increase in N (6%), P (16%) and K (4%) contents of chickpea seedlings was recorded. Thus it can be concluded that E. dracunculoides contains compounds in its tissues which may cause phytotoxic effects on chickpea under field conditions.
Population dynamics of Globodera pallida (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) on two potato cultivars in natural field conditions in Balearic Islands, Spain
Authors: Alonso R. , Alemany A. , Andres M. F. 
Published: December 2011

Globodera pallida is a serious economic pest in worldwide planting of potatoes due to the severe crop losses they can cause. This study aimed to determine the relationship between soil temperature [degree-day accumulation (DD4)]and population development of G. pallida under the agroecological conditions of the Balearic Islands, Spain. Population changes were studied in ‘Marfona’ and ‘Maris Peer’ potato cultivars for three growing seasons. Differences in thepattern of occurrence of nematode life stages on the two potato cultivars were observed. In Maris Peer trials, secondstage juveniles (J2) hatching occurred about one month after planting (29 and 35 days), J2 root invasion at 57-56 days, and females in roots at 77 days with 540 DD4. In Marfona trials, these nematode stages occurred at 18-31days, 45-52 days and 59-73 days, the last one with 400 DD4. Hence, in Mallorca, G. pallida populations require at least 100 DD4 more in Maris Peer early potato than in the Marfona to reach the adult stage. Senescence in Maris Peer crops happened before most of the females have become brown cyst, suggesting that in this area the Maris Peer early cultivar could exert trap crop effects. The Marfona crop yield obtained at highest level of nematode infestation may indicate thatMarfona seems to be more tolerant to G. pallida than Maris Peer. The results contribute to the knowledge of thermaltime requirements of G. pallida populations under Mediterranean environmental conditions and can be a valuable tool to develop potato cyst nematode control strategies.
Multiple myeloma: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Rajkumar S. Vincent 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDisease overview: Multiple myeloma accounts for ∼10% of all hematologic malignancies.Diagnosis: The diagnosis requires 10% or more clonal plasma cells on bone marrow examination or a biopsy proven plasmacytoma plus evidence of end‐organ damage felt to be related to the underlying plasma‐cell disorder.Risk stratification: Patients with 17p deletion, t(14;16), t(14;20), or high‐risk gene expression profiling signature have high‐risk myeloma. Patients with t(4;14) translocation, karyotypic deletion 13, or hypodiploidy are considered to have intermediate‐risk disease. All others are considered to have standard‐risk myeloma.Risk‐adapted therapy: Standard‐risk patients are treated with nonalkylator‐based therapy such as lenalidomide plus low‐dose dexamethasone (Rd) followed by autologous stem‐cell transplantation (ASCT). An alternative strategy is to continue initial therapy after stem‐cell collection, reserving ASCT for first relapse. Intermediate‐risk and high‐risk patients are treated with a bortezomib‐based induction followed by ASCT and then bortezomib‐based maintenance. Patients not eligible for ASCT can be treated with Rd for standard risk disease, or with a bortezomib‐based regimen if intermediate‐risk or high‐risk features are present. To reduce toxicity, when using bortezomib, the once‐weekly subcutaneous dose is preferred; similarly, when using dexamethasone, the low‐dose approach (40 mg once a week) is preferred, unless there is a need for rapid disease control.Management of refractory disease: Patients with indolent relapse can be treated first with two‐drug or three‐drug combinations. Patients with more aggressive relapse often require therapy with a combination of multiple active agents. The most promising new agents in development are pomalidomide and carfilizomib. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Perodicals, Inc.
BCR‐ABL1 kinase domain mutations: Methodology and clinical evaluation
Authors: Alikian Mary , Gerrard Gareth , Subramanian Papagudi G. , Mudge Katherine , Foskett Pierre , Khorashad Jamshid Sorouri , Lim Ai Chiin , Marin David , Milojkovic Dragana , Reid Alistair , Rezvani Katy , Goldman John , Apperley Jane , Foroni Letizia 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), starting with imatinib and followed by second and third generation TKIs, has significantly changed the clinical management of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Despite their unprecedented clinical success, a proportion of patients fail to achieve complete cytogenetic remission by 12 months of treatment (primary resistance) while others experience progressive resistance after an initial response (secondary resistance). BCR‐ABL1 kinase domain (KD) mutations have been detected in a proportion of patients at the time of treatment failure, and therefore their identification and monitoring plays an important role in therapeutic decisions particularly when switching TKIs. When monitoring KD mutations in a clinical laboratory, the choice of method should take into account turnaround time, cost, sensitivity, specificity, and ability to accurately quantify the size of the mutant clone. In this article, we describe in a “manual” style the methods most widely used in our laboratory to monitor KD mutations in patients with CML including direct sequencing, D‐HPLC, and pyrosequencing. Advantages, disadvantages, interpretation of results, and their clinical applications are reviewed for each method. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of prolonged survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma
Authors: Bashir Qaiser , Khan Hassan , Orlowski Robert Z. , Amjad Ali Imran , Shah Nina , Parmar Simrit , Wei Wei , Rondon Gabriela , Weber Donna M. , Wang Michael , Thomas Sheeba K. , Shah Jatin J. , Qureshi Sofia R. , Dinh Yvonne T. , Popat Uday , Anderlini Paolo , Hosing Chitra , Giralt Sergio , Champlin Richard E. , Qazilbash Muzaffar H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA total of 149 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) with myeloablative (MAC; n = 38) or reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC; n = 110) regimens at MD Anderson Cancer Center were evaluated. Of the total, 120 (81%) patients had relapsed or had refractory disease. Median age of MM patients was 50 (28–70) years with a followup time of 28.5 (3–164) months. The 100‐day and 5‐year treatment related mortality (TRM) rates were 17% and 47%, respectively. TRM was significantly lower with RIC regimens (13%) vs. 29% for MAC at 100 days (P = 0.012). The cumulative incidence of Grade II–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) was 35% and chronic GVHD was 46%. PFS and OS at 5 years were 15% and 21%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, allo‐HCT for primary remission consolidation was associated with longer PFS (HR 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18–0.67) and OS (HR 0.29; 95% CI 0.15–0.55), while absence of high‐risk cytogenetics was associated with longer PFS only (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.37–0.95). We observe that TRM has decreased with the use of RIC regimens, and long‐term disease control can be expected in a subset of MM patients undergoing allo‐HCT. Further studies should be conducted in carefully designed clinical trials in this patient population. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.