bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Fe‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions: The Regioselective Alkoxy Allylation of Activated Olefins and Its Application in Sequential Fe Catalysis.
Authors: Dieskau Andre P. , Holzwarth Michael S. , Plietker Bernd 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe first example of a sequential Fe catalysis consisting of regioselective alkoxy allylation and allylic sulfenylation is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized 3‐Chloro‐1‐naphthols via Friedel—Crafts Acylation of Vinyl Chlorides.
Authors: Linghu Xin , McLaughlin Mark , Chen Cheng‐yi , Reamer Robert A. , Dimichele Lisa , Davies Ian W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA straightforward synthesis of title compounds is achieved via intramolecular Friedel—Crafts cyclization of readily synthesized vinyl chlorides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of New 2‐Oxo‐azetidine Derivatives.
Authors: Upadhyay Apoorva , Srivastava S. K. , Srivastava S. D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe easily accessible N‐(arylidene amino acetamidyl) framework in (I) is modified by heterocyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate‐Mediated Oxidation of Monoaryl‐Substituted Methylenecyclobutanes: A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Spirocyclobutyl‐1,2‐dioxethanes.
Authors: Yu Lei , Ren Lingfeng , Yi Rong , Guo Rong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe CAN‐mediated oxidation of methylenecyclobutanes is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Tandem Alkoxide Conjugate Addition to Nitroalkenes/Radical 5‐exo Cyclizations — A Versatile Synthesis of Functionalized 3‐Nitrotetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Jahn Ullrich , Rudakov Dmytro , Jones Peter G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe tandem reactions which consist of conjugate addition of alkoxides to nitroalkenes and radical 5‐exo cyclizations are a convenient strategy to obtain functionalized tetrahydrofurans in a single step.
ChemInform Abstract: Impregnated Copper or Palladium—Copper on Magnetite as Catalysts for the Domino and Stepwise Sonogashira‐Cyclization Processes: A Straightforward Synthesis of Benzo[b]furans and Indoles.
Authors: Cano Rafael , Yus Miguel , Ramon Diego J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCopper on magnetite is an active catalyst for the preparation of benzofurans through a domino Sonogashira‐cyclization process.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of cis‐2,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidines via Wacker‐Type Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization of Alkenes with tert‐Butanesulfinamide Nucleophiles.
Authors: Redford Joanne E. , McDonald Richard I. , Rigsby Matthew L. , Wiensch Joshua D. , Stahl Shannon S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe products are obtained in an enantiopure form with mostly excellent diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening of Dihydro‐2‐pyridones and Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Chou Shang‐Shing P. , Wu Chien‐Jung J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPyridones (I) undergo a new ring opening in the presence of NaH to give dienoic amides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(II) Catalyzed Intermolecular Double C‐Alkylation: A Method for the Synthesis of Tetraindoles and Indolophanes.
Authors: Muthusamy Sengodagounder , Karikalan Thangaraju , Gunananthan Chidambaram , Suresh Eringathodi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe reaction affords the target compounds with excellent regiocontrol.
ChemInform Abstract: New Efficient Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles and Imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines by a Tandem Aza‐Wittig/Electrocyclic Ring‐Closure Process.
Authors: Nie Yi‐Bo , Duan Zhuan , Ding Ming‐Wu 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe title reactions are performed with iminophosphoranes (I) and aldehydes to give imidazoles, or iminophosphoranes like (V) and isocyanates to provide imidazo‐fused quinazolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free, Aqueous and Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of New 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles via a Multicomponent Domino Knoevenagel Condensation/1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Tisseh Zeinab Noroozi , Dabiri Minoo , Nobahar Mohsen , Khavasi Hamid Reza , Bazgir Ayoob 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe novel, efficient, green, and convenient one‐pot method for the synthesis of the tetrazoles includes an easy work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 8. Efficient and General Synthesis of 3‐Aryl Coumarins Using Cyanuric Chloride.
Authors: Sashidhara Koneni V. , Palnati Gopala Reddy , Avula Srinivasa Rao , Kumar Abdhesh 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOptimized conditions allow the preparation of the target compounds in high yield and a short reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Fluorinated 2,3‐Dihydroquinolin‐4(1H)‐ones via a One‐Pot Multistep Transformation.
Authors: Li Feng , Nie Jing , Wu Jun‐Wei , Zheng Yan , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBrominated and chlorinated analogues are also available.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct Synthesis of Octahydropyrrolo[2,1,5‐cd]indolizin‐6‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Belei Dalila , Abuhaie Cristina , Bicu Elena , Jones Peter G. , Hopf Henning , Birsa Lucian M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe primary products of the double 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of pyridinium ylides to olefins (II) are the tricyclic enamines (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: [5 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of 2‐Vinylaziridines and Sulfonyl Isocyanates. Synthesis of Seven‐Membered Cyclic Ureas.
Authors: Kanno Eri , Yamanoi Kenichi , Koya Shunsuke , Azumaya Isao , Masu Hyuma , Yamasaki Ryu , Saito Shinichi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTreatment of 2‐vinylaziridines of type (I) and (VI) with sulfonyl isocyanates in CH2Cl2 allows a new and simple access to 7‐membered cyclic ureas.
ChemInform Abstract: Sabiperones A—F, New Diterpenoids from Juniperus sabina.
Authors: Janar Jenis , Nugroho Alfarius Eko , Wong Chin Piow , Hirasawa Yusuke , Kaneda Toshio , Shirota Osamu , Morita Hiroshi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSix new diterpenoids, sabiperones A‐F are isolated together with three known diterpenoids.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Dimethoxy‐4,5‐dimethylene: A New Protecting Group for Acyclic Amino Acid Derivatives Prepared by Stevens Rearrangement.
Authors: Tayama Eiji , Takedachi Keisuke , Iwamoto Hajime , Hasegawa Eietsu 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe protecting group is introduced into amino acids by N,N‐dialkylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of O‐Spiro‐C‐Aryl Glycosides Using Organocatalysis.
Authors: Mainkar Prathama S. , Johny Kancharla , Rao Tadikamalla Prabhakar , Chandrasekhar Srivari 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe synthetic approach to the papulacandin aglycone includes the preparation of the known allo and gluco isomers as well as that of the altro isomer.
A novel phenotype for the dynein heavy chain mutation Loa: Altered dendritic morphology, organelle density, and reduced numbers of trigeminal motoneurons
Authors: Wiggins Larisa M. , Kuta A. , Stevens James C. , Fisher Elizabeth M.C. , von Bartheld Christopher S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDynein, the retrograde motor protein, is essential for the transport of cargo along axons and proximal dendrites in neurons. The dynein heavy chain mutation Loa has been reported to cause degeneration of spinal motor neurons, as well as defects of spinal sensory proprioceptive neurons, but cranial nerve nuclei have received little attention. Here, we examined the number and morphology of neurons in cranial nerve nuclei of young, adult, and aged heterozygous Loa mice, with a focus on the trigeminal, facial, and trochlear motor nuclei, as well as the proprioceptive mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus. By using stereological counting techniques, we report a slowly progressive and significant reduction, to 75% of wild‐type controls, in the number of large trigeminal motoneurons, whereas normal numbers were found for sensory mesencephalic trigeminal, facial, and trochlear motoneurons. The morphology of many surviving large trigeminal motoneurons was substantially altered, in particular the size and length of perpendicularly extending primary dendrites, but not those of facial or trochlear motoneurons. At the ultrastructural level, proximal dendrites of large trigeminal motoneurons, but not other neurons, were significantly depleted in organelle content such as polyribosomes and showed abnormal (vesiculated) mitochondria. These data indicate primary defects in trigeminal α‐motoneurons more than γ‐motoneurons. Our findings expand the Loa heterozygote phenotype in two important ways: we reveal dendritic in addition to axonal defects or abnormalities, and we identify the Loa mutation as a mouse model for mixed motor–sensory loss when the entire neuraxis is considered, rather than a model primarily for sensory loss. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2757–2773, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neural tube defects by NUAK1 and NUAK2 double mutation
Authors: Ohmura Tomomi , Shioi Go , Hirano Mariko , Aizawa Shinichi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground: NUAK1 and NUAK2, members of the AMP‐activated protein kinase family of serine/threonine kinases, are prominently expressed in neuroectoderm, but their functions in neurulation have not been elucidated. Results: NUAK1 and NUAK2 double mutants exhibited exencephaly, facial clefting, and spina bifida. Median hinge point was formed, but dorsolateral hinge point formation was not apparent in cranial neural plate; neither apical constriction nor apico‐basal elongation took place efficiently in the double mutants during the 5–10‐somite stages. Concomitantly, the apical concentration of phosphorylated myosin light chain 2, F‐actin, and cortactin was insignificant, and development of acetylated α‐tubulin‐positive microtubules was poor. However, the distribution of F‐actin, cortactin, Shroom3, Rho, myosin heavy chain IIB, phosphorylated myosin light chain 2, α‐tubulin, γ‐tubulin, or acetylated α‐tubulin was apparently normal in the double mutant neuroepithelia at the 5‐somite stage. Conclusions: NUAK1 and NUAK2 complementarily function in the apical constriction and apico‐basal elongation that associate with the dorsolateral hinge point formation in cephalic neural plate during the 5‐ to 10‐somite stages. In the double mutant neural plate, phosphorylated myosin light chain 2, F‐actin, and cortactin did not concentrate efficiently in apical surfaces, and acetylated α‐tubulin‐positive microtubules did not develop significantly. Developmental Dynamics 241:1350–1364, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A universal analysis tool for the detection of asymmetric signal distribution in microscopic images
Authors: Matis Maja , Axelrod Jeffrey D. , Galic Milos 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground: Polarization of tissue is achieved by asymmetric distribution of proteins and organelles within individual cells. However, existing quantitative assays to measure this asymmetry in an automated and unbiased manner suffer from significant limitations. Results: Here, we report a new way to assess protein and organelle localization in tissue based on correlative fluorescence analysis. As a proof of principle, we successfully characterized planar cell polarity dependent asymmetry in developing Drosophila melanogaster tissues on the single cell level using fluorescence cross‐correlation. Conclusions: Systematic modulation of signal strength and distribution show that fluorescence cross‐correlation reliably detects asymmetry over a broad parameter space. The novel method described here produces robust, rapid, and unbiased measurement of biometrical properties of cell components in live tissue that is readily applicable in other model systems. Developmental Dynamics 241:1301–1309, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hes1 is required for the development of the superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic trunk and the carotid body
Authors: Kameda Yoko , Saitoh Takayoshi , Nemoto Noriko , Katoh Tokio , Iseki Sachiko 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHes1 gene represses the expression of proneural basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) factor Mash1, which is essential for the differentiation of the sympathetic ganglia and carotid body glomus cells. The sympathetic ganglia, carotid body, and common carotid artery in Wnt1‐Cre/R26R double transgenic mice were intensely labeled by X‐gal staining, i.e., the neural crest origin. The deficiency of Hes1 caused severe hypoplasia of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). At embryonic day (E) 17.5–E18.5, the volume of the SCG in Hes1 null mutants was reduced to 26.4% of the value in wild‐type mice. In 4 of 30 cases (13.3%), the common carotid artery derived from the third arch artery was absent in the null mutants, and the carotid body was not formed. When the common carotid artery was retained, the organ grew in the wall of the third arch artery and glomus cell precursors were provided from the SCG in the null mutants as well as in wild‐types. However, the volume of carotid body in the null mutants was only 52.5% of the value in wild‐types at E17.5–E18.5. These results suggest that Hes1 plays a critical role in regulating the development of neural crest derivatives in the mouse cervical region. Developmental Dynamics 241:1289–1300, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parent–offspring conflicts, “optimal bad motherhood” and the “mother knows best” principles in insect herbivores colonizing novel host plants
Authors: García‐Robledo Carlos , Horvitz Carol C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSpecialization of insect herbivores to one or a few host plants stimulated the development of two hypotheses on how natural selection should shape oviposition preferences: The “mother knows best” principle suggests that females prefer to oviposit on hosts that increase offspring survival. The “optimal bad motherhood” principle predicts that females prefer to oviposit on hosts that increase their own longevity. In insects colonizing novel host plants, current theory predicts that initial preferences of insect herbivores should be maladaptive, leading to ecological traps. Ecological trap theory does not take into account the fact that insect lineages frequently switch hosts at both ecological and evolutionary time scales. Therefore, the behavior of insect herbivores facing novel hosts is also shaped by natural selection. Using a study system in which four Cephaloleia beetles are currently expanding their diets from native to exotic plants in the order Zingiberales, we determined if initial oviposition preferences are conservative, maladaptive, or follow the patterns predicted by the “mother knows best” or the “optimal bad motherhood” principles. Interactions with novel hosts generated parent–offspring conflicts. Larval survival was higher on native hosts. However, adult generally lived longer on novel hosts. In Cephaloleia beetles, oviposition preferences are usually associated with hosts that increase larval survival, female fecundity, and population growth. In most cases, Cephaloleia oviposition preferences follow the expectations of the “mothers knows best” principle.
Inferring the annual migration patterns of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the United States from mitochondrial haplotypes
Authors: Nagoshi Rodney N. , Meagher Robert L. , Hay‐Roe Mirian 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSpodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) or fall armyworm is an important agricultural pest of a number of crops in the western hemisphere. In the United States, infestations in corn acreages extend from the Mexican to the Canadian border. Because fall armyworm does not survive prolonged freezing, the infestations annually affecting most of North America are migrants from southern Texas and Florida, where winter temperatures are mild and host plants are available. A haplotype method was developed that can distinguish between these two geographically distant overwintering populations, with the potential to delineate the associated migratory pathways. Several years of collections from major corn‐producing areas in the southern, central, and eastern United States were used to map the geographical distribution of the fall armyworm haplotypes. From these haplotype profiles, it was possible to develop the most detailed description yet of the annual northward movements of fall armyworm. The consistency of these results with past studies and the implications on our understanding of fall armyworm biology are discussed. A better understanding of fall armyworm populations and their movement is critical for the development of strategies to predict infestation levels and eventually control this pest in the United States.
Creditors' Committees: An Anglo‐German Comparative Study
Authors: Bork Reinhard 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis article deals with the creditor's committee as a tool to increase the participation of creditors and thereby the transparency and acceptance of the office holder's decisions. For this purpose, the laws of England and Germany, as major and significant jurisdictions, will be analysed to compare the different approaches and results, particularly as regards the establishment, composition, tasks and procedure of the committee as well as the liability and the remuneration of the committee's members. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parthenolide induces caspase‐independent and AIF‐mediated cell death in human osteosarcoma and melanoma cells
Authors: D'Anneo Antonella , Carlisi Daniela , Lauricella Marianna , Emanuele Sonia , Di Fiore Riccardo , Vento Renza , Tesoriere Giovanni 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe mechanism of the cytotoxic effect exerted by parthenolide on tumor cells is not clearly defined today. This article shows that parthenolide stimulates in human osteosarcoma MG63 and melanoma SK‐MEL‐28 cells a mechanism of cell death, which is not prevented by z‐VAD‐fmk and other caspase inhibitors. In particular treatment with parthenolide rapidly stimulated (1–2 h) reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by inducing activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and NADPH oxidase. This event caused depletion of thiol groups and glutathione, NF‐κB inhibition, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) activation, cell detachment from the matrix, and cellular shrinkage. The increase of ROS generation together with the mitochondrial accumulation of Ca2+ also favored dissipation of Δψm, which seemed primarily determined by permeability transition pore opening, since Δψm loss was partially prevented by the inhibitor cyclosporin A. Staining with Hoechst 33342 revealed in most cells, at 3–5 h of treatment, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation, while only few cells were propidium iodide (PI)‐positive. In addition, at this stage apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) translocated to the nucleus and co‐localized with areas of condensed chromatin. Prolonging the treatment (5–15 h) ATP content declined while PI‐positive cells strongly augmented, denouncing the increase of necrotic effects. All these effects were prevented by N‐acetylcysteine, while caspase inhibitors were ineffective. We suggest that AIF exerts a crucial role in parthenolide action. In accordance, down‐regulation of AIF markedly inhibited parthenolide effect on the production of cells with apoptotic or necrotic signs. Taken together our results demonstrate that parthenolide causes in the two cell lines a caspase‐independent cell death, which is mediated by AIF. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hospitalist utilization and hospital performance on 6 publicly reported patient outcomes
Authors: Goodrich Kate , Krumholz Harlan M. , Conway Patrick H. , Lindenauer Peter , Auerbach Andrew D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The increase in hospitalist‐provided inpatient care may be accompanied by an expectation of improvement on patient outcomes. To date, the association between utilization of hospitalists and the publicly reported patient outcomes is unknown.OBJECTIVE:Assess the relationship between hospitalist utilization and performance on 6 publicly reported patient outcomes.DESIGN:Cross‐sectional study.PARTICIPANTS:Representatives of 598 hospitals in the United States with direct knowledge of inpatient service models.INTERVENTION:Survey of hospital personnel with knowledge of hospitalist use and hospitalist programs.MEASUREMENTS:Six publicly reported quality outcome measures across 3 medical conditions: acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (HF), and pneumonia. Using multivariable regression models, we assessed the relationship between presence of hospitalists and performance on each outcome measure; we further assessed the relationship between the percentage of patients admitted by hospitalists and each outcome measure.RESULTS:Of 598 respondents, 429 (72%) reported the use of hospitalist services. In the comparison of hospitals with and without hospitalists, there was no statistically significant difference on any of the mortality or readmissions measures with the exception of the risk‐stratified readmission rate for heart failure. For hospitals that used hospitalists, there was no significant change in any of the outcome measures with increasing percentage of patients admitted by hospitalists.CONCLUSIONS:The presence of hospitalists is not an independent predictor of performance on publicly reported mortality and readmissions measures for AMI, HF, or pneumonia. It is likely that broader system or organizational interventions are required to improve performance on patient outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Diffusion tensor imaging of forearm nerves in humans
Authors: Zhou Yuxiang , Kumaravel Manickam , Patel Vipulkumar S. , Sheikh Kazim A. , Narayana Ponnada A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose:To implement a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) protocol for visualization of peripheral nerves in human forearm.Materials and Methods:This Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)‐compliant study was approved by our Institutional Review Board and written informed consent was obtained from 10 healthy participants. T1‐ and T2‐weighted turbo spin echo with fat saturation, short tau inversion recovery (STIR), and DTI sequences with 21 diffusion‐encoding directions were implemented to acquire images of the forearm nerves with an 8 channel knee coil on a 3T MRI scanner. Identification of the nerves was based on T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, STIR, and DTI‐derived fractional anisotropy (FA) images. Maps of the DTI‐derived indices, FA, mean diffusivity (MD), longitudinal diffusivity (λ//), and radial diffusivity (λ⟂) along the length of the nerves were generated.Results:DTI‐derived maps delineated the forearm nerves more clearly than images acquired with other sequences. Only ulnar and median nerves were clearly visualized on the DTI‐derived FA maps. No significant differences were observed between the left and right forearms in any of the DTI‐derived measures. Significant variation in the DTI measures was observed along the length of the nerve. Significant differences in the DTI measures were also observed between the median and ulnar nerves.Conclusion:DTI is superior in visualizing the median and ulnar nerves in the human forearm. The normative data could potentially help distinguish normal from diseased nerves. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:920–927. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.