bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Transnasal Craniectomy in the Management of Selected Sinonasal Malignancies
Authors: Villaret Andrea Bolzoni , Yakirevitch Arkadi , Bizzoni Andrea , Bosio Roberta , Bignami Maurizio , Pistochini Andrea , Battaglia Paolo , Castelnuovo Paolo , Nicolai Piero 
Published: February 2010

Background Because of a better understanding of the anatomy from an endoscopic perspective, the acquisition of surgical experience, and concomitant technological advances, endoscopic resection of the anterior skull base (ASB) and overlying dura has now become a reality, opening new possibilities in the management of sinonasal malignancies. Here, the authors review a series of 62 patients, the largest reported to date, who underwent endoscopic transnasal craniectomy (ETC) and endoscopic dural repair for the management of selected sinonasal malignancies. Special emphasis is placed on the surgical technique, technical tricks, choice of materials for endoscopic dural repair, postoperative management, and complications. Methods From 2004, 62 patients underwent ETC at two referral hospitals, which extended anteroposteriorly from the frontal sinus to planum sphenoidale and laterolaterally from the nasal septum to the lamina papyracea (unilateral resection, n = 28; 45%) or from papyracea to papyracea (bilateral resection, n = 34; 55%). Duraplasty with a three-layer technique was performed using the iliotibial tract and fat tissue. Results The most frequent histotypes were adenocarcinoma (58%) and olfactory neuroblastoma (22%). Forty-five (73%) patients were previously untreated. The incidence of early (T1–2, Kadish A-B) and advanced (T3–4, Kadish C) tumors was similar. The complication rate was 15%, mostly cerebrospinal fluid leaks (13%). Its prevalence did not correlate with patient age, medical comorbidities, previous treatment, presence of ASB involvement, or whether ETC was mono- or bilateral, but tended to correlate with advanced tumor stage, dural involvement, and the period of treatment. After a mean follow-up of 17.5 months (range, 1–54 months), 58 (94%) patients had no evidence of disease. Conclusions In correctly selected patients with sinonasal tumors involving the ASB, ETC offers a less invasive alternative than resection by an open approach with an acceptable morbidity.
Alterations in Gene Expression of Complement Components in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Schlosser Rodney J. , Mulligan Ryan M. , Casey Sarah E. , Varela Juan C. , Harvey Richard J. , Atkinson Carl 
Published: February 2010

Background The complement cascade forms part of the initial innate response to pathogens in the airway. Complement activation is important in the maintenance of host homeostasis, but excessive and uncontrolled activation may lead to inflammation and disease. The role of the complement pathway in the innate response in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is poorly characterized Methods Sinus mucosa biopsy specimens from the anterior ethmoid or uncinate process of patients with allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), CRS without NPs (CRS–NPs), and controls were harvested and gene and protein expression of C3, factor B (fB), C5, and C7 complement proteins were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical techniques. Results fB, C3, and C5 gene expression were increased in both AFRS and CRS—NPs compared with controls (p < 0.05). Transcriptional activity for the terminal pathway protein C7 was not significantly increased when compared with controls, with C7 levels actually reduced in AFRS patients when compared with controls. Immunohistochemistry studies showed the presence of C3 and fB on the mucosal surface and in submucosa of both AFRS and CRS—NPs, but not normal controls. Terminal pathway protein C9 was not found in our specimens. Conclusions Both AFRS and CRS—NPs display up-regulation of the complement pathway, in particular, the alternative pathway (fB) and common pathways (C3 and C5). Enhanced innate responses as shown by alterations in complement components may play a pivotal role in the inflammatory response noted in CRS and provide potential therapeutic targets in the future.
A Case-Control Study of the Risk Factors Associated with Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma
Authors: Lun Sham Cheuk , Lee Dennis L.Y. , van Hasselt C. Andrew , Tong Michael C.F. 
Published: February 2010

Background The etiology of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the possible risk factors associated with IP Methods This is a case-control epidemiology study in a tertiary referral center. Fifty patients with IP and 150 matched controls were interviewed using a questionnaire on suspected risk factors. Univariate analysis of the risk factors and calculation of the matched odds ratios, the corresponding 95% CIs, and p values was performed. Significant risk factors were further studied using conditional logistic regression analysis. Results Outdoor and industrial occupations were associated with IP. Tobacco smoking, drinking alcohol, history of allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal polyp, non-sinonasal papilloma and non-sinonasal malignancy were not significant factors. Conclusions Outdoor and industrial occupations were associated with IP and may be potential risk factors. Future studies are warranted to further evaluate the individual type of occupation and chemical involved.
Effects of Minimal Persistent Inflammation on Nasal Mucosa of Experimental Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Lei Fei , Zhu Dongdong , Sun Jianjun , Dong Zhen 
Published: February 2010

Background Minimal persistent inflammation (MPI) is considered another piece of the complex puzzle of allergic inflammation. Although some studies regarding MPI have been reported, no study has evaluated the effects of MPI on the structure changes at the site of allergic reaction. This study investigates whether long-time MPI during allergic rhinitis (AR) results in some features of tissue remodeling in the nasal mucosa. Methods An animal model of MPI was developed by repeated nasal challenge with low concentration of ovalbumin (OVA) in sensitized guinea pigs. The models were assessed by allergic symptom after antigen challenge, eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1 expression on nasal epithelial cells. The histopathological changes in nasal mucosa were determined by Alcian blue—periodic acid–Schiff and Masson's trichrome staining. The expression of transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 was examined by immunofluorescence under a confocal laser scan microscope. Results When sensitized animals were challenged with the low concentration of 0.01% OVA, the symptom of sneezing disappeared, but there were still mild eosinophils infiltration and weak ICAM-1 expression, which indicated the success of MPI models. Moreover, the number of goblet cells and the percentage area of collagen deposition were both mildly increased. The expression of MMP-9 and TGF-β1 was also weakly elevated. Conclusions We have successfully established MPI models and proved long-time MPI may result in mild features of remodeling in the nasal mucosa, which provide new insights into the unexpected potential effects of MPI on the structural changes.
Rheologic Properties of Sinonasal Mucus in Patients with Chronic Sinusitis
Authors: Saito David M. , Innes Anh L. , Pletcher Steven D. 
Published: February 2010

Background Mucociliary clearance is impaired in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Clearance of sinonasal secretions is influenced by its rheological properties. The purpose of this study was to describe the rheological properties of sinonasal mucus in patients with CRS and correlate them with disease severity. Methods Twenty-three adult subjects with CRS underwent collection of sinonasal secretions. Samples were analyzed using the AR2000 cone and plate rheometer (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE) to determine the dynamic viscosity and elasticity. These properties were used to calculate mucus clearance indices. All patients completed the Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20). Recent sinus computed tomography (CT) scans were electronically reviewed and scored according to the Lund-McKay staging system. Results The mean dynamic elasticity and viscosity of sinus mucus at 1 Hz were 78.24 ± 103.4 Pa and 22.09 ± 29.62 Pa, respectively. The mean elasticity and viscosity values at 10 Hz were 118.9 ± 155.5 Pa and 32.36 ± 45.58 Pa, respectively. Three indices of disease severity (SNOT-20 score, Lund-McKay score, and nasal polyps) correlated with increased mucus viscoelasticity and/or worsened mucociliary clearance indices (MCIs). Conclusions This study establishes the range of rheological properties of sinonasal mucus in patients with CRS and suggests an association between disease severity and MCIs.
The Effect of an Adhesive External Nasal Dilator Strip on the Inspiratory Nasal Airflow
Authors: Seren Erdal 
Published: February 2010

Background We studied the affect of an adhesive external nasal dilator strip (ENDS) on the inspiratory nasal airflow. A prospective study was performed. Methods Twenty-two healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. All volunteers analyzed the inspiratory nasal sound samples before and while wearing a commercially available ENDS. This nasal sound analysis includes the spectral analysis and average sound intensities in low frequency (Lf), medium frequency (Mf), and high frequency (Hf). Results In the sound analyses, an increase was found in sound intensity at Hf when the nasal strips were not worn whereas a decrease was found in sound intensity at Hf when the nasal strips were on. Conclusions Changes in the nasal geometry of the anterior part of the nose by wearing nasal strips affects the pattern of nasal airflow and transforms it into a laminar pattern.
Septal Deviation and Nasal Resistance: An Investigation using Virtual Surgery and Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Garcia Guilherme J.M. , Rhee John S. , Senior Brent A. , Kimbell Julia S. 
Published: February 2010

Background Septal deviation is an extremely common anatomic variation in healthy adults. However, there are no standard criteria to determine when a deviated septum is clinically relevant. Presently, selection of patients for septoplasty is based on mostly clinical examination, which is prone to observer bias and may lead to unsuccessful treatment. The objective of this article is twofold. First, we investigate whether the location of a septal deviation within the nasal passages affects nasal resistance. Second, we test whether computer simulations are consistent with rhinomanometry studies in predicting that anterior septal deviations increase nasal resistance more than posterior deviations. Methods A three-dimensional computational model of a healthy nose was created from computed tomography scans. Geometry-deforming software was used to produce models with septal deviations. Computational fluid dynamics techniques were used to simulate nasal airflow and compute nasal resistance. Results Our results revealed that the posterior nasal cavity can accommodate significant septal deviations without a substantial increase in airway resistance. In contrast, a deviation in the nasal valve region more than doubled nasal resistance. These findings are in good agreement with the rhinomanometry literature and with the observation that patients with anterior septal deviations benefit the most from septoplasty. Conclusions In the model, anterior septal deviations increased nasal resistance more than posterior deviations. This suggests, in agreement with the literature, that other causes of nasal obstruction (dysfunction of the nasal valve, allergy, etc. ) should be carefully considered in patients with posterior septal deviations because such deviations may not affect nasal resistance. This study illustrates how computational modeling and virtual manipulation of the nasal geometry are useful to investigate nasal physiology.
Polymorphisms in the SERPINA1 (Alpha-1-Antitrypsin) Gene are Associated with Severe Chronic Rhinosinusitis Unresponsive to Medical Therapy
Authors: Kilty Shaun J. , Bossé Yohan , Cormier Chantale , Endam Leandra Mfuna , Desrosiers Martin Y. 
Published: February 2010

Background Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is a serine protease inhibitor that blocks the protease, neutrophil elastase. Previous population studies have suggested that heterozygote status for the AAT gene (SERPINA1) is a risk factor for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). This implies a potential genetic predisposition to CRS tied to AAT deficiency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SERPINA1 gene and CRS. Methods DNA extracted from a population of 206 patients diagnosed with CRSwNPs and 196 postal code–matched controls was used. A maximally informative set of tagging SNPs from SERPINA1 on chromosome 14q were selected from the HapMap data set (International HapMap Consortium, Nature 437:1299–1320, 2005) and genotyped on the Sequenom platform (Sequenom, San Diego, CA). Results Successful genotyping was performed for 32 of 33 SNPs. Two SNPs (rs1243168 and rs4900229) located upstream of the SERPINA1gene, were associated with CRS. Individuals homozygous (TT)for these SNPs had an increased probability of having CRS with an odds ratio of 5.95 and 1.49, respectively. Subgroup analysis according to severity of disease identified each SNP to be increasingly common in individuals as disease severity increased (p < 0.001). These individuals were also less likely to be responsive to medical therapy (p < 0.001). Conclusions Polymorphisms of the SERPINA1 gene are associated with clinically severe CRS. These results, from a small subset of individuals with CRS, suggest that defects in AAT may be implicated in a subset of individuals unresponsive to conventional therapy and suggests that alternate therapies may be required for their management.
Synergistic Induction of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Th2 Cytokine in Nasal Polyp Fibroblasts
Authors: Nonaka Manabu , Fukumoto Akira , Ogihara Nozomu , Sakanushi Atsuko , Pawankar Ruby , Yagi Toshiaki 
Published: February 2010

Background Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is elevated in airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma and triggers dendritic cell–mediated activation of Th2 inflammatory responses. Although allergic chronic sinusitis is a Th2 inflammatory disease of the upper airway, the mechanism underlying the predominance of Th2 responses still has to be clarified. We investigated the expression of TSLP in cytokine-treated nasal polyp fibroblasts. Methods Fibroblast lines were established from nasal polyp tissues. Their expression of TSLP mRNA was evaluated by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The amount of TSLP in the supernatants was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Nasal polyp fibroblasts have the capacity to produce TSLP in response to stimulation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha. Combined stimulation with TNF-alpha + a Th2 cytokine (IL-4 or IL-13) was synergistic for TSLP production by the nasal polyp fibroblasts. This response was time and dose dependent. The TNF-alpha + Th2 cytokine (IL-4 or IL-13)–induced TSLP production was strongly inhibited by interferon gamma but not by IL-10. Conclusions These results suggest that nasal polyp fibroblasts play a role in the development and regulation of Th2-type inflammation in the upper airway by producing TSLP.
Modified Knowles toggle pin technique with nylon monofilament suture material for treatment of two caudoventral hip luxation cases
Authors: Olcay B. , Çetinkaya M. A. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryThe coxofemoral joint is the most commonly luxated joint in dogs and cats. Coxofemoral luxations are generally craniodorsal; caudoventral coxofemoral luxations are relatively rare occurrences and may be accompanied by fracture of the greater trochanter.The aim of our study was to report the results of a modified Knowles toggle pin application in two caudoventral hip luxations for which closed reduction had not been achieved. Medical records of dogs and cats, which had been presented at our institution between September 1999 and October 2007, were reviewed for cases of coxofemoral luxation. In total, the case records of 67 cats and 147 dogs were found. Of these cases, there was one cat and one dog with caudoventral coxofemoral luxation. For both cases, the toggle pin technique was the method of treatment. The cat had a good clinical recovery within three days after surgery. The dog, which also had a cruciate ligament rupture in the same limb and medial patellar luxation in the contralateral limb, was presented with severe lameness and pain approximately two and a half months after surgery, at which time fracture of the femoral head was diagnosed. Functional recovery was achieved after a femoral head and neck ostectomy had been performed.
Effect of exercise on kinetic gait analysis of dogs afflicted by osteoarthritis
Authors: Moreau M. , Lussier B. , Beraud R. 
Published: February 2010

Summary
Objective: To evaluate the effects of moderate exercise on kinetic gait analysis using a force platform in dogs with hindlimb lameness due to osteoarthritis (OA).
Methods: Ten control dogs (Control) and 10 dogs presented with chronic and stable hind-limb lameness (OA) were recruited. Dogs were subjected to force platform gait analysis to determine baseline data. They were thereafter trotted for a distance of 1.2 km on a short leash, lead by the same handler at a gait convenient for each of them (ranging from slow to fast trot), after which the gait analysis was immediately repeated to determine post-exercise values. Peak and impulse of the vertical and braking / propulsion forces were analysed using a linear model for repeated measures and Bonferroni sequential correction.
Results: In the Control group, the differences between baseline and post-exercise data were not significant. Conversely, post-exercise peak (p = 0.020) and impulse (p = 0.009) values of the vertical force, as well as the peak of the propulsion force (p = 0.009) values were significantly lower than baseline in the OA group.
Clinical relevance: This study demonstrates the significant effect of a moderate amount of exercise in exacerbating hindlimb lameness in dogs clinically afflicted by OA. It is suggested that: 1) exercise should be considered as a potential factor of variation in future force platform gait analyses and an effort should be made to limit bias in data recording; and 2) an exercise-based protocol could be added to the standard force platform gait analysis to potentially increase its sensitivity in the detection of lame dogs.
Successful revision of a femoral head ostectomy (complicated by postoperative sciatic neurapraxia) to a total hip replacement in a cat
Authors: Doyle N. D. , Schwartz Z. , Liska W. D. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryA three-year-old neutered male Domestic Medium Hair cat was referred for evaluation of a right hindlimb monoparesis of one month duration following a femoral head ostectomy (FHO) performed elsewhere. Examination of the limb revealed muscle atrophy and decreased sensory perception over the sciatic nerve distribution with conscious proprioception and postural reaction deficits. The tentative diagnosis was sciatic neurapraxia.Radiographs taken prior to the FHO revealed a chronic nonunion right femoral neck fracture. The FHO was performed to remove the remnant of the femoral head and neck remaining in the acetabulum.Surgery was performed to explore the sciatic nerve and to revise the FHO into a total hip replacement. Sciatic nerve entrapment was present. Tethering sutures and extensive peri-neural adhesions were released to restore nerve gliding. Postoperatively, activity was limited for six weeks; normal activity resumed at eight weeks. Rehabilitation treatments were provided to maximise the patient’s excellent recovery.
Fracture of the anconeal process in two cats
Authors: Hurter K. , Medl N. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryTwo adult Domestic Shorthaired cats were presented with acute forelimb lameness. In one case, there was a history of trauma. A fracture of the anconeal process was diagnosed on the flexed mediolateral radiographs of the elbow in both cats. The fracture was accompanied by a bony avulsion of the tricipital tendon in one animal. Both cats underwent surgical removal of the fractured anconeal process. Follow-up radiographic evaluation was available for one cat six months after treatment; radiographs showed evidence of osteoarthritis. The long-term clinical outcome, based on owner telephone follow-up conducted four and nine years postoperatively, was considered to be satisfactory.
HABITS OF MELITÆA PHAETON
Authors: C.E.  
Published: February 2010

I notice in the Entomologist, No. 4, some remarks on Melitæa phaeton. I think there is something exceptional in the habits of this species, and I hope the observations of your correspondents may give us light.On 1st May, 1868, one of my young friends in this neighbourhood brought me eleven chrysalids of phaeton, part of which he had found suspended to fence rails, He reported the caterpillars as crawling along the rails, and that he had tried to bring me some of them, but before he could reach me (living four miles distant), all that he had taken had changed to chrysalids. I directed him to search for the food plant.
THE IMPORTED CURRANT WORM FLY (Nematus ventricostis, Klug.) AND ITS PARASITE (Hemiteles nemativorus, Walsh.)
Authors: Walsh BenJ. D. 
Published: February 2010

I wish to correct a few mistakes which I have made in the paper on this subject, which was published in the Entomologist Vol. II., No. 2.1st. I have said that “not a single American species of Hemiteles, so far as I am aware, has as yet been described under that generic name as occurring north of the West India Islands.” This is incorrect. Mr. Riley, in his Missouri Report, has described two species, viz., H. thyridopteryx♂ ♀ , and H. Cressonii ♂, as found in his State
NOTE ON AMPHIPYRA TRAGOPOGONIS, Linn
Authors: The Editor  
Published: February 2010

On the 6th of June, 1868, we observed for the first time a handsome green caterpillar eating some lettuce that we rvere growing in our graper-v ; thinking that it could not very well escape, we merely took a rough description, as follows :–Sixteen-footed caterpillar, about an inch long, pale green (almost the colour of lettuce leaves) above, deeper green below; a white dorsal line, two lateral white lines, the lower passing through the spiracles ; all five lines proceeding from head to tail. Before we secured it, it did, however, escape, probably entering the ground.The following year, in June and early in July, we observed many similar larvæ on a number of different plants, both in the garden and in the woods.
NOTES ON THE LARVA OF PRIOCYCLA ARMATARTA Herr. Sch
Authors: Saunders W. 
Published: February 2010

Specimens of a nearly black geometric larva which afterwards proved to belong to this species, were taken last year on the 15th of July on currant and gooseberry bushes, on which they were feeding. They fed on the foliage of the black currant as well as of the red, and in fact seemed to prefer it.When first taken they answered to the following description:Length 45 in. Body tapering a little anteriorly, thicker on middle and hind segments.
ON THE LARVA OF HYPERETIS ALIENARIA, Herr. Sch
Authors: Saunders W. 
Published: February 2010

The larva of this beautiful geometric moth is dark brown, and feeds on beech. The specimens, from which the subjoined description was made, were taken on the 10th of September, by beating the branches of some beech trees over an umbrella.Length one inch, body cylindrical.Head medium sized, bilobed, dark brown, with two bluish-white lines in front; mandibles paler.Body above, dark brown, with a row of dull white dots on each side, one or two on each segment, most prominent from fifth to eighth segments inclusive, less distinct towards each extremity.