bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological Predictive Factors in the Healing of Displaced Intracapsular Hip Fractures. A Clinical Study of 404 Cases
Authors: Parker Martyn J. , Kendrew Jon , Gurusamy Kurinchi 
Published: July 2011

Background Fracture healing complications occur in approximately a third of displaced intracapsular hip fractures treated by reduction and internal fixation. Various radiographic features of the fracture have been used to estimate the risk of fracture healing complications. Aims: To determine which radiographic features of a displaced intracapsular hip fracture were the most reliable in predicting fracture re-displacement after internal fixation. Methods The pre-operative radiographs for 404 patients with a displaced intracapsular hip fracture treated by reduction and internal fixation were classified using five different variables. These were a direct measurement of trochanteric shortening and fracture shortening, a ratio of fracture displacement, the Garden grade and an alternative interpretation of the Garden grading. Inter-observer reliability of the various classifications was also studied. These observations were related to the later occurrence of fracture displacement or non-union. Results Only trochanteric shortening had an acceptable degree of inter-observer variation and this was also the most predictive of fracture re-displacement. The ratio method and fracture shortening were also related to fracture healing complications. Using the traditional Garden grading equal numbers of grade III and IV fractures healed but an alternative interpretation of the Garden grading showed some relationship to the development of non-union. Conclusions A direct measurement of shortening of the femur is the most reliable predictor of failure of the fracture to heal.
Folklore as a Map of the World: Rejecting “Home” as a Failure of the Imagination (AFS 2009 Presidential Address)
Authors: Lawless Elaine J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
For years, I felt that my negative feelings about “home” were completely justified and that I saw no redemption in the area or the people whom I associated with “home.” That is not to say that I do not love my family, but there was never any effort on my part to salvage or imagine whatever could have been viewed as—at the very least—constructive and positive about my “home” or how my home and childhood created the blueprint for my own personal “map of the world.” I now believe that my rejection of home is actually a failure of my own imagination. In this article, I explore the ways in which I see folklore as constituting a map of our individual and collective world(s)—a comprehensive, if not always a comprehensible, map of our world, one that is often difficult to discern. I have taken the approach that I need to recover the various aspects of the maps my home offered to me, noting first their existence, then their utility, and finally, by extension, exploring how my personal project has become a way for me to rethink folklore as a kind of reconstituting enterprise.
On the Verge: Phenomenology and Empathic Unsettlement
Authors: Shuman Amy 
Published: July 2011

AbstractUsing a phenomenological approach to questions about empathy and stigma, this essay explores stories told by parents of children with disabilities. In a close reading of “Welcome to Holland,” an allegorical account of discovering that one’s child has Down syndrome, I explore the concepts of narrative alignment (and positionality) and the politics of recognition in narratives about disability. In addition, this autoethnographic account describes my own “empathic unsettlement” as a parent and as an ethnographer.
Genetic diversity and evidence for population admixture in Batak Negritos from Palawan
Authors: Scholes Clarissa , Siddle Katherine , Ducourneau Axel , Crivellaro Federica , Järve Mari , Rootsi Siiri , Bellatti Maggie , Tabbada Kristina , Mormina Maru , Reidla Maere , Villems Richard , Kivisild Toomas , Lahr Marta Mirazon , Migliano Andrea Bamberg 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAnthropologists have long been fascinated by the isolated hunter–gatherer populations in Southeast Asia (SEA) collectively known as “Negritos.” However, the origins and affinities of these groups remain unresolved. Negritos are characterized by their short stature, dark skin color, and wiry hair, and they inhabit the Philippines, Malay Peninsula, and the Andaman Islands. Among Philippine Negritos, the Batak are of particular interest in understanding population interactions in the region due to their location on Palawan Island, which likely formed a corridor by which human migrations entered the rest of the Philippine archipelago from Island SEA. Here, we extend current understanding of the distribution of genetic diversity in Negritos by presenting the first analysis of mitochondrial DNA and Y‐chromosome diversity among the Batak. We show that the Batak are genetically distinct from Negritos of the Andaman Islands and Malay Peninsula and instead bear most resemblance to geographically proximate Philippine Negritos and to non‐Negrito populations from the Philippines and Island SEA. An extensive degree of recent admixture between the Batak and their neighbors is indicated by the high frequency of recently coalescing haplogroups in the Batak that are found throughout Island SEA. The comparison of results from these two loci further lends support to the hypothesis that male‐biased admixture has, in particular, been a prominent feature of the interactions between the Batak and surrounding non‐Negrito populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unexpected consequences of transnasal balloon dilation of the maxillary ostium
Authors: Brenner Pryor S. , Abadie Wesley M. , Weitzel Erik K. , Thomas Roy F. , McMains Kevin C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundNasal irrigations and topical sprays have been demonstrated to have benefit in chronic sinusitis. Increasingly, it is evident that delivery system, patient anatomy, and inflammatory process have significant impacts on irrigant distribution.MethodsIntrasinus endoscopy was performed during sinus irrigation of 5 thawed fresh frozen cadavers (10 sides) before and after transnasal dilation of the maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid ostia with a 5‐mm balloon.ResultsGuidewire insertion created false passages through maxillary fontanelle on all of 10 attempts; 1 of 10 frontal insertions entered the ostia in a submucosal plane, while all 10 sphenoid attempts were successful without complication (p < 0.0001). Average minimum ostial dimension increased from 1.73 mm to 3.6 mm (p < 0.0001) after dilation. Obtaining an ostial size of 5 mm was associated with significantly improved irrigation penetration relative to a minimum dimension of 4 mm or less (p = 0.019). After balloon dilation of the true ostia, irrigation of the sphenoid increased, irrigations into the frontal sinuses were unchanged, and irrigation into the maxillary sinuses decreased.ConclusionGuidewire insertion in this study was noted to frequently create a false passage during maxillary sinus ostial dilation. After balloon dilation, irrigant penetration was increased into the sphenoid sinus for heavy and mist irrigators whereas the maxillary sinus had diminished irrigant penetration for heavy and NetiPot irrigators. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.†This article is a U.S. government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
The production of methyl esters from waste frying oil by microwave method
Authors: Rahmanlar İsa , Yücel Sevil , Özçimen Didem 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTAlcoholysis of waste frying oil (WFO) was studied by using microwave irradiation to examine alcoholization reaction factors which affect the purity of the ester product, including the molar ratio of methanol to WFO, the amount of alkaline catalyst and the reaction time. The alcoholysis reactions were carried out by using WFO, methanol and sodium hydroxide as the catalysts at 64 °C. In order to characterize the reaction conditions for methyl ester production, a series of experiments were carried out with methanol/WFO molar ratios between 6 and 18, and catalyst/WFO weight ratios between 0.5 and 1.5%. The results showed that the most important parameter affecting the reaction is the amount of sodium hydroxide. The best catalyst amount was found as NaOH 1% from the WFO. A higher methyl ester purity was obtained in 1–3 min. In the presence of 1% of NaOH molar ratios varying from 6:1 to 18:1 in 3 min of reaction time, the purity of methyl ester was 93.83–97.20%. However, difficulties were observed in separation process above 9:1. The experimental results indicated that microwave‐assisted alcoholysis efficiently produced pure methyl esters in methyl ester quality in a short reaction time. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative structure‐property relationships studies on free‐radical polymerization chain‐transfer constants for styrene
Authors: Xu Jie , Wang Lei , Zhang Hui , Shen Xiaolin , Liang Guijie 
Published: July 2011

AbstractQuantitative structure‐property relationships (QSPR) studies were performed for kinetic chain‐transfer constants of 90 agents on styrene polymerization at 60°C. By using stepwise multilinear regression analysis (MLRA) and artificial neural network (ANN), linear and nonlinear models containing seven descriptors were obtained with R2 of 0.7866 and 0.8661 for the training set, respectively. The reliability of the proposed models was validated through the test set. The descriptors involved in the models are related to the molecular conformational changes and some functional groups. As these descriptors are directly calculated from the molecular structure, the proposed models can be employed to estimate the chain‐transfer constants for styrene. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Thermal properties and combustion behavior of POSS‐ and bohemite‐finished cotton fabrics
Authors: Alongi Jenny , Brancatelli Giovanna , Rosace Giuseppe 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA finishing process with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and bohemite nanoparticles has been exploited for enhancing the thermal stability and flame retardancy of cotton fabrics. The thermal behavior of flame retardant treated cellulosic fabric has been studied by thermogravimetric analyses (TGAs). It has been found that such nanoparticles favor the carbonization of the cellulose and slow down the kinetics of thermo‐oxidation in air. At the same time, the finished fabrics have turned out to be more efficient with respect to neat cotton as far as the flame retardancy is concerned, pointing out an increase of the time to ignition (TTI) and a decrease of the heat release rate (HRR). Furthermore, a comparison between the fire performances of the nanoparticles under study and a commercial phosphorus‐based flame retardant has been investigated. The morphology and elemental composition present in the treated fabrics have been also investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and the results have been compared with the untreated fabric. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and degradation of agar‐carbomer based hydrogels for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Rossi Filippo , Chatzistavrou Xanthippi , Perale Giuseppe , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHydrogels studied in this investigation, synthesized starting from agarose and Carbomer 974P, were chosen for their potential use in tissue engineering. The strong ability of hydrogels to mimic living tissues should be complemented with optimized degradation time profiles: a critical property for biomaterials but essential for the integration with target tissue. In this study, chosen hydrogels were characterized both from a rheological and a structural point of view before studying the chemistry of their degradation, which was performed by several analysis: infrared bond response [Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR)], calorimetry [differential scanning Calorimetry (DSC)], and % mass loss. Degradation behaviors of Agar‐Carbomer hydrogels with different degrees of crosslinkers were evaluated monitoring peak shifts and thermal property changes. It was found that the amount of crosslinks heavily affect the time and the magnitude related to the process. The results indicate that the degradation rates of Agar‐Carbomer hydrogels can be controlled and tuned to adapt the hydrogel degradation kinetics for different cell housing and drug delivery applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Study on the thermal behaviors and the morphology in PVP and nylon 6 blends
Authors: Hao Chaowei , Zhao Ying , Wang Dujin , Lai Guoqiao 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this report, polyamides were solution blended in the formic acid with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)(PVP), an amorphous polar polyamide. The thermal behaviors and morphological change in the blends of Nylon 6 (PA6) and PVP were investigated in details via WAXD, DSC, FT‐IR and POM methods. The equilibrium melting temperatures for PA6 in the blends were estimated based on the linear and nonlinear Hoffman‐Weeks (LHW and NLHW) extrapolative methods. With increasing the mass ratio of PVP to PA6, Tm (melting temperature) and Tc (crystallization temperature) of PA6 in blends both decreased as well as that of the spherulite size of PA6. The interaction mode between PVP and PA6 was investigated by FT‐IR spectroscopy, and the spectral changes indicated that the carbonyl groups of PVP had formed hydrogen bonding with the NH groups of PA6 molecules in the molten state, which resulted in the variation of the morphology and thermal behaviors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Polypyrrole/MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA composite for flexible and highly conductive transparent film
Authors: Lim Tae Hwan , Oh Kyung Wha , Kim Seong Hun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study compares the properties of a highly conductive polymer based on polypyrrole and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grafted with poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (PPy/MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA) prepared for flexible indium tin oxide‐free organic solar cell (OSC) anode with those of PH500 poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) in various solvents. Hydrophilic poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) was grafted on the MWCNT surfaces to improve dispersion of the MWCNT in an aqueous solution. MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA was added because MWCNT acts as a conductive additive and a template for the polymerization of PPy. Polymerization yields increased as the amount of MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA increased and reached a maximum when 50% of MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA was added. The conductivity of PPy/MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA composite was further improved and the value reached ∼ 152 S/cm with the addition of a toluenesulfonic acid (TSA)/HCl dopant mixture. To prepare a flexible OSC anode, PPy/MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA dissolved in solvent mixture, was coated onto a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. PPy/MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA was dissolved in a mixture of solvents including DMSO, NMP, EG, DEG, and glycerol of a high boiling point that was spin coated onto the PET, then annealed for 30 min at various temperatures. The conductivity of PPy/MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA was further enhanced with solvent treatment and annealing at temperature ranges of 100–175°C. Under optimum conditions, the conductivity and transmittance of PPy/MWCNT‐gr‐PSSA on PET reached 602 S/cm and 84% at 550 nm, respectively. In addition, it was confirmed that the energy level and mechanical strength of the film were suitable for OSC electrode use. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
An Evaluation of the Impact and Effectiveness of Environmental Legislation in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: Experiences from the UK
Authors: Wilson Christopher D. H. , Williams Ian David , Kemp Simon 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTWith small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) accounting for 99.7% of the 4.7 million UK businesses, they can have a huge collective impact on the environment, which in turn is being increasingly regulated. This study investigated the impact and effectiveness of environmental legislation on UK SMEs as well as determining if ‘compliance’ results in improved environmental protection. Interviews were conducted with SME management, site staff, regulators, policy officials and support organisations. Forty‐four SMEs from the north‐west of England participated in the study, and overall a total of 99 individuals were interviewed. The study clearly indicates that the impact of environmental legislation on SMEs is overstated and impact increased commensurate with effort to comply and enforcement action. Only one of the SMEs studied had been prosecuted and only two had been inspected. Compliance issues identified in those SMEs subject to direct regulation did not correlate with previous compliance audits conducted. In general, SMEs had poor awareness of compliance issues; non‐compliance was only really recognised and acknowledged if identified by a regulator and only regarded as serious if prosecuted. Regulation of the environment is clearly only effective if complied with; understanding compliance levels can help measure the link between legislation and environmental protection. The effectiveness of environmental legislation can only be understood if SMEs are subject to regular regulatory contact. Recommendations to improve SME compliance control systems are provided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Catalytic Performance and Coking Behavior of a Submicron HZSM‐5 Zeolite in Ethanol Dehydration
Authors: Wang Fei , Luo Man , Xiao Wende 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe catalytic performance and coking behavior of a submicron ZSM‐5 zeolite in dehydration of ethanol to ethylene were investigated by means of low temperature nitrogen adsorption, thermal gravimetric analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The submicron catalyst showed higher activity than the micron one due to more mesopores and more strong acid sites. As the reaction temperature increased, ethanol conversion increased over the submicron catalyst, while ethylene selectivity went through a maximum. The selectivities of propylene and butylene increased with increasing reaction temperature, and they decreased with time on stream at constant temperature. The coke deposits can be divided into coke precursor and hard coke, which were attributed to polyalkylbenzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively; and increasing reaction temperature can accelerate the transformation of coke precursor into hard coke. A precoking pretreatment method was verified very effective for improving the catalyst stability.
Comprehensive Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the CF3H Fire‐extinguishing Mechanism
Authors: Zhou Xiaomeng , Zhou Biao 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn order to clarify the chemical suppression mechanisms of CF3H, experimental and theoretical studies were conducted respectively in this paper. Firstly, the combustion species in low pressure laminar premixed flat methane flames with CF3H addition is measured by synchrotron radiation molecular beam mass spectrometry (SR‐MBMS) experimentally. Fire suppression chemistry of CF3H is investigated by selective detection of combustion radicals and intermediates in experimental process. Secondly, quantum chemistry calculations are performed to calculate the potential energy surfaces (PES) for the CF3H unimolecular dissociation reaction and reactions of CF3H with free radical OH and H at the B3LYP/6‐311++G** and QCISD(T)/6‐311++G** levels. Finally, the chemical suppression mechanism of CF3H was discussed by comparing the theoretical calculation with experimental measurement.
Study on the Interaction of Vitamin B12 with DNA by Spectroscopy and Electrochemical Methods
Authors: Hajian Reza , Zafari Mitra 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Interaction between vitamin B12 (VB12) and fish sperm DNA was investigated in physiological buffer (pH 7.4) using the methylene blue (MB) dye as a spectral probe by spetcrophotometery, viscosity measurements and cyclic voltammetry. The apparent binding constant of vitamin B12 with DNA was found to be 3.2×105 mol−1·L. The voltammetric behavior of vitamin B12 has been investigated at glassy carbon electrode using cyclic voltammetry. Thermodynamic parameters including ΔH0, ΔS0 and ΔG0 for the interaction between VB12 and DNA have determined as −2.3×104, 27.54 and −3.1×104J·mol−1·K−1 respectively. One indication of DNA binding mode with VB12 was the change in viscosity when a small molecule associates with DNA. The diffusion coefficients of VB12 in the absence (D0)f and presence of DNA (D0)b was calculated as 5.04×10−6 and 1.13×10−6 cm2·s−1 respectively. The results indicated that vitamin B12 can bind to DNA and the major binding mode was intercalative binding.
Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Some Di‐ and Triorganotin(IV) Carboxylates Derived from para‐Nitrophenylethanoic Acid
Authors: Danish Muhammad , Ahmad Nazir , Ali Saqib , Muhammad Niaz 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThermogravimetric (TG) investigations of organotin(IV) carboxylates with the general formula RmSnL4−m (where R=CH3, C2H5, n‐C4H9, C6H5, cyclo‐C6H11, n‐C8H17, m=2, 3, and L=para‐nitrophenylethanoate anion) have been performed. Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques, Horowitz‐Metzger method and the fundamental thermodynamic relations are used to evaluate the thermokinetic parameters of each thermal degradation pattern. Results reveal that the thermal stability is functional to SnC and SnO bonds. In the case of R2SnL2, activation energy, reaction order and pre‐exponential factor associated with the bulk degradation processes increase as the alkane chain length increases. Hence, Oct2SnL2 is thermally more stable than Bu2SnL2, which in turn is more resistant to thermal dissociation than Et2SnL2. The same phenomenon is not observed for R3SnL compounds because their degradation is highly irregular. Furthermore, R2SnL2 has larger values of kinetic parameters than those of corresponding triorganotin(IV) para‐nitrophenylethanotes. Thermodynamic parameters of these compounds also reinforce the above facts.
First Hyperpolarizability Evolutions of Some Extended Sesquifulvalene Compounds
Authors: Mang Chaoyong , Liu Caiping , Yang Zhiyi , Peng Li , Wu Kechen 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMolecular orbital calculations of some extended sesquifulvalene compounds as On with olefins bridge and Tn with thiophenes bridge as well as their corresponding cyclopentadienyl‐iron(II) coordination compounds as IOn and ITn at the hybrid density functional theory level demonstrate that the dipole moment depends linearly on the molecular size (n), and the linear polarizability depends linearly on n2 as well as the first hyperpolarizability also has a linear dependence on n3.
Synthesis, Structure and Photoluminescent Properties of Zn(II)/Cd(II)‐Complexes Containing 2,4,6‐Tris‐(benzimidazolyl‐2‐yl)pyridine Ligand
Authors: Li Cuijin , Guo Qingbing , Yin Guoqiang , Jiang Xuhong , Gong Sheng 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHydrothermal reactions of tridentate rigid 2,4,6‐tris‐(benzimidazolyl‐2‐yl)pyridine (pytbzim) ligand and Zn(II)/Cd(II) salts generate binuclear complexes {[Cd2Cl2(pytbzim)2(H2O)2]·2NO3}n (1) and two isomorphs {[M2Cl2(pytbzim)2(H2O)2]Cl2·2H2O}n [M=Cd (2), Zn (3)]. All complexes include [M2Cl2(pytbzim)2(H2O)2] dimers, which are further connected into a three‐dimensional supramolecular networks through ?‐? stacking interaction and hydrogen bonds. The solid state photoluminescent studies reveal good fluorescent properties of the pytbzim ligand and complexes 1–2 at room temperature.