bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Health Education Program for Elderly Persons With Visual Impairments and Perceived Security in the Performance of Daily Occupations: A Randomized Study
Authors: Dahlin Ivanoff S. , Sonn U. , Svensson E. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this randomized, longitudinal study was to investigate the impact of a health education program on perceived security in the performance of daily occupations 4 months after the intervention period.
METHOD. Two groups of persons with age-related macular degeneration were compared: Those who had followed a newly developed health education program that was based on occupation and those who took part in a standard individual intervention program.
RESULTS. Significant differences in the level of perceived security between the groups were found for 13 of 28 occupations. Participants in the health education group maintained or improved their level of perceived security in 22 daily occupations, whereas those in the individual intervention group declined to a lower level in 17 daily occupations.
CONCLUSION. This study provides support for the effectiveness of the health education program to enhance security and hinder a progressive decline in perceived security in daily occupations.
Upper-Limb Injections of Botulinum Toxin-A in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Critical Review of the Literature and Clinical Implications for Occupational Therapists
Authors: Hoare Brian J. , Imms Christine 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This paper provides a review of the research literature that reports on the effectiveness of botulinum toxin-A (BtA) to reduce tone and improve functional use of the upper limbs of children who have cerebral palsy. Evaluation of the findings suggest that injections of BtA have demonstrated promising short-term results by reducing tone and increasing active range of motion in some children. Positive changes in function were also reported, however, only four studies used valid functional outcome measures. Children appropriate for BtA injections may be those with moderate tone, adequate grip strength, some distal voluntary control, intact sensation, and motivation to participate in postinjection training. Future research examining functional outcomes and the effect of repeated injections is needed. Active involvement of occupational therapists in the development and investigation of the most appropriate postinjection upper-limb training may help ensure optimal outcomes for children with cerebral palsy.
Transformation of Meaning Perspectives in Clients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Dubouloz Claire-Jehanne , Laporte Diane , Hall Martha , Ashe Brenda , Smith C. Douglas 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the process of transformation of personal beliefs, values, feelings, and knowledge (meaning perspectives) underlying occupational change in a small group of clients with rheumatoid arthritis during home-based rehabilitation. A grounded theory approach used to collect and analyze data concurrently included: (1) a sample of five adult clients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis in occupational therapy, (2) data collection through 28 semi-directed interviews, and (3) data analysis using the constant comparison method. The study identified meaning perspectives of these clients with rheumatoid arthritis and explored the transformation of perspectives related to the modification of occupational performance. The study suggests that the exploration of meaning perspective transformation by clients and therapists could be a potential part of rehabilitation intervention.
Performing Bimanual Activities: The Experiences of Young Persons With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Sköld Annika , Josephsson Staffan , Eliasson Ann-Christin 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This qualitative research study was designed to explore and describe the process of planning and performing bimanual activities in young persons with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Interviews with 10 persons individually and four persons in a focus group provided rich information about their reasoning when confronting problems as well as insight into how they view their situations. The data were analyzed using a comparative method. The findings show that the participants had to make conscious choices about what would be the most effective strategies to use for carrying out activities. The choices involved weighing different options to find the least negative alternative. Even when able to find alternative strategies for performing the activity, the participants were often dissatisfied with negative consequences related to the strategy. Examples of such negative consequences could be, for example, that they would have to accept a need for extra time, planning, or concentration, to perform desired activities. When selecting a strategy it was thus favorable to have a repertoire of strategies from which to choose. In conclusion, the planning and performing of bimanual activities turned out to be a complex process influenced by a range of factors both internal and external to the person.
Factors Influencing Occupational Therapy Students’ Attitudes Toward Persons With Disabilities: A Conjoint Analysis
Authors: Tsang Hector W. H. , Chan Fong , Chan Chetwyn C. H. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing occupational therapy students’ context-specific attitudes toward persons with disabilities.
METHOD. Attitudes of 128 occupational therapy students toward placement of a residential treatment facility in their community were measured by a conjoint measurement of 16 stimulus cards (representing persons with varying disability types, gender, age, employment history, and history of aggression) and their responses were analyzed using conjoint analysis.
FINDINGS. Disability type and threat of violence were significantly higher on important scores compared with the other attributes across all students. Additionally, Year-Three students had significantly higher importance scores for the employment attribute than Year-One students.
CONCLUSION. Conjoint analysis can be used effectively, as an indirect measure, to study factors contributing to the formation of attitudes–preferences for persons with disabilities in specific social contexts.
Quality of Life and Supported Employment: A Case Study of Three Women With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Siporin Susan , Lysack Cathy 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This paper presents the findings of a qualitative case study of the quality of life of three women with developmental disabilities. In-depth interview data were collected from the women who had previously worked in a sheltered workshop environment and were, at the time of study, working in supported employment in the community. Interviews were also conducted with each woman’s job coach and a family member or close friend. On-site observations of the women in their supported employment environments were also undertaken. Results show that the women’s own perceptions about their quality of life were not always as family members and job coaches expected, and that the purported benefits of supported employment for the three women with developmental disabilities were not always realized. Occupational therapists have an opportunity to facilitate the occupational performance of adults with developmental disabilities but they must be willing to engage in wider health and social policy change if they are to make significant gains.
An Evaluation of a Hybrid Occupational Therapy and Supported Employment Program in Japan for Persons With Schizophrenia
Authors: Oka Masao , Otsuka Kensei , Yokoyama Nuburo , Mintz Jim , Hoshino Kenyo , Niwa Shin-Ichi , Liberman Robert Paul 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. A vocational rehabilitation program (occupational therapy and supported employment) for promoting the return to the community of long-stay persons with schizophrenia was established at a psychiatric hospital in Japan. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the program in terms of hospitalization rates, community tenure, and social functioning with each individual serving as his or her control.
METHODS. Fifty-two participants, averaging 8.9 years of hospitalization, participated in the vocational rehabilitation program consisting of 2 to 6 hours of in-hospital occupational therapy for 6 days per week and a post-discharge supported employment component. Seventeen years after the program was established, a retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the program on hospitalizations, community tenure, and social functioning after participants’ discharge from hospital, using an interrupted time–series analysis. The postdischarge period was compared with the period from onset of illness to the index discharge on the three outcome variables.
RESULTS. After discharge from the hospital, the length of time spent by participants out of the hospital increased, social functioning improved, and risk of hospitalization diminished by 50%. Female participants and those with supportive families spent more time out of the hospital than participants who were male or came from nonsupportive families.
CONCLUSION. A combined program of occupational therapy and supported employment was successful in a Japanese psychiatric hospital when implemented with the continuing involvement of a clinical team. Interventions that improve the emotional and housing supports provided to persons with schizophrenia by their families are likely to enhance the outcome of vocational services.
A Dialogue on Occupational Therapy, Culture, and Families
Authors: Fitzgerald Maureen H. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This paper, based on a broad body of relevant data, presents a dialogue that explores and integrates two important concepts: family and culture. An understanding of these concepts is important for enhancing occupational therapy practice, in particular a practice that claims to be client-centered and holistic. The dialogue focuses particularly on issues students involved in the Intercultural Interaction Project, The University of Sydney, Australia, in 2002 identified as important. These include: a lack of understanding of the concept of culture, the confounding of culture and ethnicity, considering culture as an issue only in families from “other” cultural backgrounds, assumptions about the nature of families and therapists’ points of reference for making these assumptions, differences in client or family and therapist expectations, and how these expectations affect what happens in therapy and participants’ level of satisfaction with the outcomes of the interactions involved. The information suggests that there is a need for a better understanding of how culture influences ideas about families and how to work with them.
Parent Stress in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and the Influence of Parent and Infant Characteristics
Authors: Dudek-Shriber Linda 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study investigated the stress experienced by parents in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the infant and parent characteristics that resulted in different stress responses, and the characteristics that were predictive of stress.
METHOD. The Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit was used to measure the stress of 162 parents. A Parent/Infant Demographic sheet provided information for determining which characteristics resulted in different responses and which variables were stress predictors.
RESULTS. The highest levels of stress experienced were in the relationship with baby–parental role area, and regarding how the baby looked and behaved. The infant characteristic of gestational age resulted in significantly different scores concerning the baby’s appearance and behavior. Consistent predictors of stress were length of stay, extreme prematurity, and a cardiovascular diagnosis.
CONCLUSION. Identifying the stressors parents experience can assist NICU therapists in intervention planning. Family-centered care that addresses stressors concerning their roles and their understanding of their infant should be emphasized.
The Meaning of Family Routines in a Homeless Shelter
Authors: Schultz-Krohn Winifred 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This exploratory investigation sought to understand what meaning parents, living in a home less shelter, attribute to family routines and the nature of those routines.
METHOD. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 parents living in a homeless shelter. Thematic analysis was employed to develop descriptive codes and themes from transcribed data and field notes.
RESULTS. Parents described family routines focused on three features: promoting intimacy, maintaining or developing a legacy, and connections with the community. These routines seemed to preserve family integrity while homeless and to provide hope for the family to continue into the future.
CONCLUSIONS. Homeless parents, in this investigation, seemed to expend a substantial amount of energy to create or maintain family routines while living in a homeless shelter. Findings suggest that occupational therapy services may help support homeless parents as they exercise their role as the organizer of family routines.
The Everyday Occupation of Families With Children With Autism
Authors: Werner DeGrace Beth 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative research study was to understand a family’s experiences negotiating family daily life and the meanings they ascribed to these experiences when they had a child with severe autism. In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with five family units. The interviews explored the meaning of the family’s participation in daily life activities. The transcribed interviews were analyzed with a phenomenological method. The results emerging from this study indicate that families with children with severe autism may experience difficulty engaging in daily activities that hold positive meaning and rely on stringent patterns of routines that revolve around the child with autism to meet the demands of daily life.
Parenting a Child With a Chronic Medical Condition
Authors: Case-Smith Jane 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
PURPOSE. Parents of children with chronic medical conditions and associated disabilities have substantial caregiving responsibilities different from those of typical children. This ethnographic study examined how parents manage these caregiving demands, how they maintain their social lives, and how they form their self identities.
METHOD. Graduate students interviewed eight parents of children with chronic medical conditions and disabilities and participated in 60 hours of activities with them over a 6-month time period. The interview transcripts, students’ field notes, and journals were analyzed for themes that related to caregiving, social activities, and self-identity.
RESULTS. Parents felt that they “always needed to be with their child,” and most had changed their career plans to devote more time to caregiving. Parents also expressed anxiety about making difficult medical and educational decisions for their children. Activities outside the home required extensive planning and preparation and maintaining a social life was perceived as challenging because friends and relatives did not always understand the families’ limitations in activity.
CONCLUSIONS. Although the parents expressed stress related to coping with the caregiving load, they viewed having a child with chronic medical conditions as a positive experience that brought cohesion to their family. The parents explained that their experiences with their children helped them to appreciate life and develop more sensitivity to and tolerance of individual differences. The parents had become strong advocates for their children and other children with similar needs.
Social Security’s Five OASI Inflation Indexing Problems
Authors: Lovell Michael C. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This paper examines five problems with the indexing procedures used by the Social Security Administration of the United States in taking inflation into account when calculating Old Age and Survivor Insurance (OASI) Benefits. Because of the commingling of unindexed with indexed earnings, a retiree born in 1930 who continued in a high earning career until age 75 receives an annual benefit more than $1,800 larger than would have been generated with full indexing. While the inflation indexing problems identified in this paper do not attract much attention in normal times, they can contribute to serious short-run financial instability for the OASI trust fund in periods of substantial inflation or deflation. They make the percentage increase in your inflation adjusted (CPI-W) benefit if you elect to postpone retirement and the start of OASI benefits depend in part on the pace of inflation. This paper explains how these problems could be resolved in a way that would not hurt and might help resolve Social Security’s longrun solvency problems.
A percepção dos portadores de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 em relação à amputação
Authors: Lucas Lúcia Percília Pereira , Barichello Elizabeth , Zuffi Fernanda Bonato , Barbosa Maria Helena 
Published: October 2010

doi: 10.5216/ree.v12i3.6005 O Diabetes mellitus é considerado um problema de saúde pública por se tratar de uma doença crônica que afeta grande parte da população. Entre suas principais complicações encontram-se a neuropatia diabética e a doença vascular periférica, que podem evoluir para a amputação dos membros inferiores. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa e hermenêutica que teve como objetivos descrever a percepção dos pacientes portadores de Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em relação a sua amputação e expectativas para o futuro. Os dados foram coletados em um hospital público, de ensino, de grande porte no município de Uberaba no período de fevereiro a abril de 2008 com sete sujeitos por meio da aplicação de um questionário semi-estruturado. Para tratamento dos dados utilizou-se a análise temática das quais emergiram duas unidades temáticas: o sentimento da perda do membro e expectativa pós amputação. Apreendeu-se que passar por uma amputação pode gerar sentimentos de tristeza e alívio. Quanto às expectativas pós-amputação identificaram-se a dependência às atividades diárias; o apego religioso e o medo de reviver uma nova amputação. Estes achados apontam para a importância do cuidado holístico do ser humano frente às mudanças e suas necessidades de readaptações à sociedade. Descritores: Diabetes mellitus; Pé diabético; Amputação.
Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatase Assays
Authors: McAvoy Thomas , Nairn Angus C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMethods for assaying serine/threonine protein phosphatases are discussed. Three commonly used protocols are presented that employ either colorimetric or radiometric assays. These methods can be used to assay a variety of preparations of serine/threonine phosphatases, from crude lysates to purified proteins. Strategies for the application of a particular protocol for a particular purpose are discussed. The assays can be used in either a high‐throughput mode where simple comparison of activities can be done, or in specific assays where kinetic data can be derived.Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 92:18.18.1‐18.18.11. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CNV Analysis Using TaqMan Copy Number Assays
Authors: Mayo Ping , Hartshorne Toinette , Li Kelly , McMunn‐Gibson Chara , Spencer Kylee , Schnetz‐Boutaud Nathalie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCopy number variations are important polymorphisms that can influence the expression of genes within and close to the rearranged region. This allows transcription levels to be higher or lower than those that can be achieved by control of transcription of a single copy. Recently, copy number variations have been associated with genetic diseases such as cancer, immune diseases, and neurological disorders. TaqMan copy number assays are designed to detect and measure copy number variation in the human genome using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and unquenching of fluorescent probes for the target sequence. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 67:2.13.1‐2.13.10 © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sleep disturbances in adults with arthritis: Prevalence, mediators, and subgroups at greatest risk. Data from the 2007 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Louie Grant H. , Tektonidou Maria G. , Caban‐Martinez Alberto J. , Ward Michael M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of sleep disturbances in adults with arthritis in a nationally representative sample, mediators of sleep difficulties, and subgroups of individuals with arthritis at greatest risk.MethodsUsing data on US adults ages ≥18 years participating in the 2007 National Health Interview Survey, we computed the prevalence of 3 measures of sleep disturbance (insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep duration <6 hours) among persons with arthritis. We used logistic regression analysis to examine if the association of arthritis and sleep disturbances was independent of sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities, and to identify potential mediators. We used classification trees to identify subgroups at higher risk.ResultsThe adjusted prevalence of insomnia was higher among adults with arthritis than those without arthritis (23.1% versus 16.4%; P < 0.0001), but was similar to those with other chronic diseases. Adults with arthritis were more likely than those without arthritis to report insomnia (unadjusted odds ratio 2.92, 95% confidence interval 2.68–3.17), but adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities attenuated this association. Joint pain and limitation due to pain mediated the association between arthritis and insomnia. Among adults with arthritis, those with depression and anxiety were at highest risk for sleep disturbance. Results for excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep duration <6 hours were similar.ConclusionSleep disturbance affects up to 10.2 million US adults with arthritis, and is mediated by joint pain and limitation due to pain. Among individuals with arthritis, those with depression and anxiety are at greatest risk.