bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iatrogenic tracheal flap mimicking tracheal stenosis with resultant stridor
Authors: Tan K L , Chong A W , Amin M A , Raman R 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective:To illustrate a case of an iatrogenic mucosal tear in the trachea which caused a one-way valve effect, obstructing the airway and manifesting as post-extubation stridor.Case report:We report a case of iatrogenic tracheal mucosal tear secondary to violent movement during intubation. The patient presented with post-extubation stridor that worsened over three days. Initial evidence suggested tracheal stenosis. Computed tomography scans revealed a mucosal tear at the level of the seventh cervical to second thoracic vertebrae. The tear was caused by forceful inflow of air as breathing became more and more difficult, resulting in a false tract. A tracheostomy changed the direction of airflow, bypassing the tear. The inflated tracheostomy tube cuff acted as a stent to keep the flap in place as healing occurred.Conclusion:Iatrogenic laryngotracheal injuries are common, especially when endotracheal intubation is performed under unfavourable emergency conditions. A tracheal mucosal tear is a rare entity which is almost always undiagnosed. However, a tracheal mucosal flap may be suspected when changes in patient position alter the nature and severity of the resultant stridor and/or respiratory distress. In such cases, an inflated tracheostomy tube cuff should be kept in place for an adequate period, to act as a stent and help keep the flap in place while healing occurs.
Event-related potential examination of facial affect processing in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Wynn J. K. , Jahshan C. , Altshuler L. L. , Glahn D. C. , Green M. F. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundPatients with bipolar disorder exhibit consistent deficits in facial affect identification at both behavioral and neural levels. However, little is known about which stages of facial affect processing are dysfunctional.MethodEvent-related potentials (ERPs), including amplitude and latency, were used to evaluate two stages of facial affect processing: N170 to examine structural encoding of facial features and N250 to examine decoding of facial features in 57 bipolar disorder patients, 30 schizophrenia patients and 30 healthy controls. Three conditions were administered: participants were asked to identify the emotion of a face, the gender of a face, or whether a building was one or two stories tall.ResultsSchizophrenia patients' emotion identification accuracy was lower than that of bipolar patients and healthy controls. N170 amplitude was significantly smaller in schizophrenia patients compared to bipolar patients and healthy controls, which did not differ from each other. Both patient groups had significantly longer N170 latency compared to healthy controls. For N250, both patient groups showed significantly smaller amplitudes compared with controls, but did not differ from each other. Bipolar patients showed longer N250 latency than healthy controls; patient groups did not differ from each other.ConclusionsBipolar disorder patients have relatively intact structural encoding of faces (N170) but are impaired when decoding facial features for complex judgments about faces (N250 latency and amplitude), such as identifying emotion or gender.
The company that words keep: comparing the statistical structure of child- versus adult-directed language
Authors: HILLS THOMAS 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTDoes child-directed language differ from adult-directed language in ways that might facilitate word learning? Associative structure (the probability that a word appears with its free associates), contextual diversity, word repetitions and frequency were compared longitudinally across six language corpora, with four corpora of language directed at children aged 1 ; 0 to 5 ; 0, and two adult-directed corpora representing spoken and written language. Statistics were adjusted relative to shuffled corpora. Child-directed language was found to be more associative, repetitive and consistent than adult-directed language. Moreover, these statistical properties of child-directed language better predicted word acquisition than the same statistics in adult-directed language. Word frequency and repetitions were the best predictors within word classes (nouns, verbs, adjectives and function words). For all word classes combined, associative structure, contextual diversity and word repetitions best predicted language acquisition. These results support the hypothesis that child-directed language is structured in ways that facilitate language acquisition.
Effect of foster care on language learning at eight years: Findings from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project
Authors: WINDSOR JENNIFER , MORARU ANA , NELSON CHARLES A. , FOX NATHAN A. , ZEANAH CHARLES H. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis study reports on language outcomes at eight years from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, a randomized controlled study of foster care. We previously have shown that children placed in foster care by age two have substantially stronger preschool language outcomes than children placed later and children remaining in institutional care. One hundred and five children participated in the current study, fifty-four originally assigned to foster care and fifty-one to continued institutional care. Even though current placements varied, children originally in foster care had longer sentences and stronger sentence repetition and written word identification. Children placed in foster care by age two had significant advantages in word identification and nonword repetition; children placed by age 1 ; 3 performed equivalently to community peers. The results show the continuing adverse effects of early poor institutional care on later language development and the key importance of age of placement in a more optimal environment.
Granitoids and dykes of the Pine Island Bay region, West Antarctica
Authors: Kipf Andrea , Mortimer Nicholas , Werner Reinhard , Gohl Karsten , Van Den Bogaard Paul , Hauff Folkmar , Hoernle Kaj 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe present geochronological and geochemical data for eight plutonic rocks from five locations in the Pine Island Bay area of West Antarctica, collected during RVPolarsternexpedition ANT-XXIII/4. Ar-Ar laser method dating yielded closure temperatures ages ofc.147–98 Ma for dioritic and granitic plutonic rocks and an age range ofc.97–95 Ma for granitoid and trachyandesitic dykes. Major and trace element compositions indicate that all rocks have an I-type subduction-related chemistry. There are no A-type granitic rocks in our dataset, and none are yet reported from the Pine Island Bay area. Our results confirm earlier models of post 100 Ma subduction on this part of the Gondwana margin.
Dairy food intake of Australian children and adolescents 2–16 years of age: 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey
Authors: Baird Danielle L , Syrette Julie , Hendrie Gilly A , Riley Malcolm D , Bowen Jane , Noakes Manny 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveDairy food consumption is important for Australian children as it contributes key nutrients such as protein and Ca. The aim of the present paper is to describe dietary intake from dairy foods for Australian children aged 2–16 years in 2007.DesignSecondary analysis of a quota-sampled survey using population-weighted, 1 d (24 h) dietary recall data.SettingAustralian national survey conducted from February to August 2007.SubjectsChildren (n4487) aged 2–16 years.ResultsMost Australian children consumed dairy foods (84–98 %), with the proportion consuming tending to decrease with age and males consuming significantly more than females from the age of 4 years. Milk was the most commonly consumed dairy food (58–88 %) and consumed in the greatest amount (243–384 g/d). Most children consumed regular-fat dairy products. The contribution of dairy foods to total energy intake decreased with age; from 22 % of total energy at age 2–3 years to 11 % at age 14–16 years. This trend was similar for all nutrients analysed. Dairy food intake peaked between 06.00 and 10.00 hours (typical breakfast hours) corresponding with the peak in dairy Ca intake. Australian children (older than 4 years) did not reach recommendations for dairy food intake, consuming ≤2 servings/d.ConclusionsThe under-consumption of dairy foods by Australian children has important implications for intake of key nutrients and should be addressed by multiple strategies.
Evidence for P′P′ asymmetrical scattering at near podal distances
Authors: Wu Wenbo , Ni Sidao , Zeng Xiangfang 
Published: May 2012

We report strong short period (0.5–1.2 Hz) precursors to P′P′df at podal to short distances (0–50°) with advance time around 60s. From FK analysis, we find that the precursors at epicentral distance of ∼35° arrive along back‐azimuth about +/−120° off the great circle paths (asymmetrical path) with slowness between 2–4 sec/deg, arguing against propagation path in the inner core. Polarization analysis also supports wave propagation in the outer core. Timing and shape of the precursors' waveform envelopes are well matched with synthetic envelopes taking into account the scattering from the rough free surface and volumetric heterogeneities inside the Earth along asymmetrical propagation path. Therefore the precursors are very probably generated with asymmetrical scattering mechanism. This interpretation does not require extra discontinuities or a layer of strong small scale heterogeneities in the upper mantle, which are inferred from P′P′ precursors when only symmetrical scattering is assumed.
On spectroscopic models of the O2A‐band and their impact upon atmospheric retrievals
Authors: Long David A. , Hodges Joseph T. 
Published: May 2012

Highly accurate spectroscopic models for O2 A‐band [b1Σg+ ← X3Σg−(0,0)] absorption are required in numerous satellite‐ and ground‐based remote sensing measurements of atmospheric greenhouse gases. In this study, we quantify the sensitivity of the calculatedA‐band transmission spectrum to the choice of line profile and model‐input line parameter data. The models considered include the Voigt and Galatry profiles for the individualA‐band transitions as well as line mixing and collision‐induced absorption. In order of increasing relative importance, we show that measurement uncertainty is influenced by: available line parameter data, Dicke narrowing, line mixing, and collision‐induced absorption effects.
Replication‐mediated disassociation of replication protein A—XPA complex upon DNA damage: implications for RPA handing off
Authors: Jiang Gaofeng , Zou Yue , Wu Xiaoming 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRPA (replication protein A), the eukaryotic ssDNA (single‐stranded DNA)‐binding protein, participates in most cellular processes in response to genotoxic insults, such as NER (nucleotide excision repair), DNA, DSB (double‐strand break) repair and activation of cell cycle checkpoint signalling. RPA interacts with XPA (xeroderma pigmentosum A) and functions in early stage of NER. We have shown that in cells the RPA—XPA complex disassociated upon exposure of cells to high dose of UV irradiation. The dissociation required replication stress and was partially attributed to tRPA hyperphosphorylation. Treatment of cells with CPT (camptothecin) and HU (hydroxyurea), which cause DSB DNA damage and replication fork collapse respectively and also leads to the disruption of RPA—XPA complex. Purified RPA and XPA were unable to form complex in vitro in the presence of ssDNA. We propose that the competition‐based RPA switch among different DNA metabolic pathways regulates the dissociation of RPA with XPA in cells after DNA damage. The biological significances of RPA—XPA complex disruption in relation with checkpoint activation, DSB repair and RPA hyperphosphorylation are discussed.
Contribution of murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to pancreas regeneration after partial pancreatectomy in mice
Authors: Han Fei , Wang Chun‐You , Yang Li , Zhan Su‐Dong , Zhang Meng , Tian Kui 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe implantation of BMSCs (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) has emerged as a potential method of treating tissue damage, but the in vivo differentiation of BMSCs in an injured pancreas and its therapeutic effects have not been determined. Our aim has been to investigate the potential of BMSCs to contribute to the parenchyma and mesenchymal components of the pancreas during rapid regeneration, with preliminary exploration of the molecular mechanisms of this process. GFP+ (green fluorescent protein+) BMSCs were intravenously infused into the tail veins of mice that had received a 65–70% partial pancreatectomy, while mice that had only received a partial pancreatectomy and mice that had only been injected with BMSCs served as controls. Four weeks later, the injected GFP+ BMSCs were diffusely engrafted in the pancreatic parenchyma and mesenchyma of the recipient mice with pancreatic injuries and had differentiated into pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (accounting for 1.7±0.3%), vascular endothelial cells (3.2±0.6%) and PSCs (pancreatic stellate cells) (5.2±1.6%), but no β or neural cells. Significantly, more engrafted and differentiated GFP+ BMSCs were observed in the regenerating pancreas than in the normal pancreas. For the mice that received a partial pancreatectomy, the pancreatic weight/body weight of the mice with BMSC treatment was greater than mice without BMSC treatment (P<0.05). In addition, real‐time RT—PCR (reverse transcription—PCR) showed that the expression levels of miR‐9 (microRNA 9) and miR‐204 in the engrafted BMSCs (5.2‐ and 2.6‐fold, P<0.05, respectively) were increased compared with wild‐type BMSCs. We also observed a significant reduction in the expression of miR‐375 (0.71‐fold, P<0.05) in engrafted GFP+ BMSCs compared with wild‐type BMSCs. BMSCs can therefore be a potential cell bank for treating pancreatic injuries by contributing to a variety of cell types. This process might be related to the expression of miR‐9, miR‐204 and miR‐375.
Long‐Term Dynamics of Native and Nonnative Fishes in the San Juan River, New Mexico and Utah, under a Partially Managed Flow Regime
Authors: Gido Keith B. , Propst David L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNonnative fishes and flow alteration are primary threats to native fish persistence in lotic systems. We used several flow regime attributes and fish sampling data obtained from the San Juan River, New Mexico and Utah, during 1993–2010 to evaluate the potential use of flow manipulations to increase recruitment of native fishes that must cope with nonnative species. During this period, discharge in the river was partially manipulated by reservoir releases that augmented naturally high spring flows in this snowmelt‐driven system. An information theoretic approach was used to rank candidate models that predicted species densities based upon selected combinations of flow attributes and abundances of nonnative species. Autumn density of age‐0 fishes in secondary channels was the main response variable. The main predictor variables included flow attributes associated with interannual variation in daily discharge and water temperature; densities of nonnative competitors; and catch rates of a numerically dominant nonnative predator (the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus). Top‐ranked models for native species included positive associations with small‐bodied nonnative fishes and negative associations with the abundance of channel catfish adults. Densities of native speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus and flannelmouth suckers Catostomus latipinnis increased with mean spring discharge, but the density of native bluehead suckers C. discobolus did not. With the exception of juvenile channel catfish, the top candidate models predicting densities of nonnative fishes all included the duration of low summer flows. These results confirmed findings from a previous study that demonstrated different responses of native and nonnative fishes to seasonal flows; the present study also revealed that densities of all fishes were generally lower in years with greater abundance of adult channel catfish. Regression analysis indicated that seasonal flow manipulations and suppression of nonnative predator populations could be effective management tools to restore and maintain the native fish community.
STATISTICAL DISCRIMINATION AND EMPLOYERS' RECRUITMENT
Authors: Bonoli Giuliano , Hinrichs Karl 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
This paper deals with the recruitment strategies of employers in the low-skilled segment of the labour market. We focus on low-skilled workers because they are overrepresented among jobless people and constitute the bulk of the clientele included in various activation and labour market programmes. A better understanding of the constraints and opportunities of interventions in this labour market segment may help improve their quality and effectiveness. On the basis of qualitative interviews with 41 employers in six European countries, we find that the traditional signals known to be used as statistical discrimination devices (old age, immigrant status and unemployment) play a somewhat reduced role, since these profiles are overrepresented among applicants for low skill positions. However, we find that other signals, mostly considered to be indicators of motivation, have a bigger impact in the selection process. These tend to concern the channel through which the contact with a prospective candidate is made. Unsolicited applications and recommendations from already employed workers emit a positive signal, whereas the fact of being referred by the public employment office is associated with the likelihood of lower motivation.
Economic Competitiveness of Bio-fuel Production from Underutilized Ethanol Feedstock in Sri Lanka
Authors: Illukpitiya Prabodh , Gopalakrishnan Chennat , Ratnayake R.M.M.B. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Sri Lanka's agricultural sector has an abundant supply of natural resources that can be further developed and utilized to produce bio-fuels. Transformation of the nation's significant renewable biomass resources into cost-competitive, high-performance bio-fuels could reduce the country's dependence on imported fossil fuels and enhance energy security. However, there is limited understanding of the potential of bio-fuel resources, their utilization, and economic potential. This study evaluates the economic competitiveness of producing ethanol from sugar, starch and cellulosic feedstock. The net economic returns model was used to select economically feasible feedstock for bio-fuel production. For each feedstock, net present value, feedstock cost per British thermal unit (Btu) and per gallon of ethanol, and break-even price of feedstock and ethanol were calculated. Cellulosic feedstock showed the lowest feedstock cost per gallon of ethanol. Sugarcane, cassava, corn, and cellulosic feedstock appeared to be the leading bio-fuel crops among the investigated crops. For cellulosic feedstock, however, the process of converting the feedstock into ethanol is still in the demonstration phase; hence, results should be interpreted with caution.
Water Transfer Laws and Policies: Tough Questions and Institutional Reform for the Western United States
Authors: Pease Michael 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Bulk water transfers are complicated by unclear transfer evaluation criteria which intensify the tensions associated with water reallocation. This paper evaluates a series of policy questions associated with water transfer laws and policies. The goal is to outline the tradeoffs between different levels of governmental oversight, with the goal of making the process more consistent and transparent. This paper is focused on the western United States in areas governed by the doctrine of prior appropriations, but the questions apply to semi-arid watersheds across the globe.
Species Specific Recreational Demand: The Case of Trout Fishing in Alberta
Authors: Strong Aaron 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Many native trout reintroduction programmes and non-native trout suppression programmes are being sold to the public on the fact that through these programmes anglers can catch more and bigger fish. Most studies of recreational demand lump all species within a category of fish into a single species such as lumping rainbow, brook and bull trout into trout. This study disaggregates the effects of individual species on recreational demand. Our goal is to understand the role of species specific characteristics on recreational demand that may or may not be observable. We find that the interaction between angler characteristics and species plays a major role in how anglers choose locations.
Genome‐wide association study of insect bite hypersensitivity in Dutch Shetland pony mares
Authors: Schurink A. , Ducro B. J. , Bastiaansen J. W. M. , Frankena K. , van Arendonk J. A. M. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryInsect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is the most common allergic disease present in horses worldwide. It has been shown that IBH is under genetic control, but the knowledge of associated genes is limited. We conducted a genome‐wide association study to identify and quantify genomic regions contributing to IBH in the Dutch Shetland pony population. A total of 97 cases and 91 controls were selected and matched on withers height, coat colour and pedigree to minimise the population stratification. A blood sample was collected from participating Shetland pony mares, their IBH phenotype was scored and the owner filled in a questionnaire. A total of 40 021 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were fitted in a univariable logistic model fitting an additive effect. Analysis revealed no effects of population stratification. Significant associations with IBH were detected for 24 SNPs on 12 chromosomes [−log10(P‐value) > 2.5]. Odds ratios of allele substitution effects of the unfavourable allele were between 1.94 and 5.95. The most significant SNP was found on chromosome 27, with an odds ratio of 2.31 and with an allele frequency of the unfavourable allele of 0.72 in cases and 0.53 in controls. Genome‐wide association studies on additional horse populations are desired to validate the identified associations, to identify the genes involved in IBH and to develop genomic tools to decrease IBH prevalence.