bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of tobacco use among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model
Authors: Aychiluhm Setognal Birara , Mare Kusse Urmale , Dagnew Betelhem , Seid Abubeker Alebachew , Melaku Mequannent Sharew , Sabo Kebede Gemeda , Tadesse Abay Woday , Ahmed Kedir Y. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Although it is known that maternal tobacco use during pregnancy substantially declined in higher-income countries, information on the magnitude and determinants of tobacco use among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains limited. Establishing evidence on maternal tobacco during pregnancy is crucial for guiding targeted interventions in SSA. This study aimed to determine the overall prevalence of tobacco use and its determinants among pregnant women in SSA countries.

Methods
The study used data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 33 countries across SSA from 2010 and 2021. Our analysis included a total weighted sample of 40,291 pregnant women. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with maternal tobacco use during pregnancy. The measure of association between explanatory variables and the outcome was reported using adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
The pooled prevalence of tobacco use among pregnant women in SSA was 1.76% (95% CI: 1.41, 2.12). Our findings showed that pregnant women in the age groups of 25–34 years (AOR 1.44; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.82) and 35+ years (AOR 2.18; 95% CI: 1.68, 2.83) had higher odds of tobacco use during pregnancy. Pregnant women who attained primary education (AOR 0.57; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.70) and secondary or higher education (AOR 0.39; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.53) were associated with lower odds of tobacco use. Similarly, pregnant women who resided in households with a high wealth index (AOR 0.36; 95% CI: 0.55 0.90) and those with media exposure (AOR 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.99) were less likely to use tobacco during pregnancy.

Conclusion
This study revealed that the overall prevalence of maternal tobacco use during pregnancy was relatively low in SSA, but some countries exhibited higher estimates. To address this, it is crucial to implement targeted smoking prevention and cessation strategies, particularly for young pregnant women, those facing socioeconomic disadvantages, and those with lower educational status.
Mixed methods approach to examining the implementation experience of a phone-based survey for a SARS-CoV-2 test-negative case-control study in California
Authors: Fukui Nozomi , Li Sophia S. , DeGuzman Jennifer , Myers Jennifer F. , Openshaw John , Sharma Anjali , Watt James , Lewnard Joseph A. , Jain Seema , Andrejko Kristin L. , Pry Jake M. ,   on behalf of the California COVID-19 Case-Control Study Team
Published: May 2024

Objective
To describe the implementation of a test-negative design case-control study in California during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Study design
Test-negative case-control study

Methods
Between February 24, 2021 ‐ February 24, 2022, a team of 34 interviewers called 38,470 Californians, enrolling 1,885 that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (cases) and 1,871 testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 (controls) for 20-minute telephone survey. We estimated adjusted odds ratios for answering the phone and consenting to participate using mixed effects logistic regression. We used a web-based anonymous survey to compile interviewer experiences.

Results
Cases had 1.29-fold (95% CI: 1.24–1.35) higher adjusted odds of answering the phone and 1.69-fold (1.56–1.83) higher adjusted odds of consenting to participate compared to controls. Calls placed from 4pm to 6pm had the highest adjusted odds of being answered. Some interviewers experienced mental wellness challenges interacting with participants with physical (e.g., food, shelter, etc.) and emotional (e.g., grief counseling) needs, and enduring verbal harassment from individuals called.

Conclusions
Calls placed during afternoon hours may optimize response rate when enrolling controls to a case-control study during a public health emergency response. Proactive check-ins and continual collection of interviewer experience(s) and may help maintain mental wellbeing of investigation workforce. Remaining adaptive to the dynamic needs of the investigation team is critical to a successful study, especially in emergent public health crises, like that represented by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Automatic quantification of tumor-stroma ratio as a prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Vendittelli Pierpaolo , Bokhorst John-Melle , Smeets Esther M. M. , Kryklyva Valentyna , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , Verbeke Caroline , Litjens Geert 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This study aims to introduce an innovative multi-step pipeline for automatic tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) quantification as a potential prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer, addressing the limitations of existing staging systems and the lack of commonly used prognostic biomarkers.

Methods
The proposed approach involves a deep-learning-based method for the automatic segmentation of tumor epithelial cells, tumor bulk, and stroma from whole-slide images (WSIs). Models were trained using five-fold cross-validation and evaluated on an independent external test set. TSR was computed based on the segmented components. Additionally, TSR’s predictive value for six-month survival on the independent external dataset was assessed.

Results
Median Dice (inter-quartile range (IQR)) of 0.751(0.15) and 0.726(0.25) for tumor epithelium segmentation on internal and external test sets, respectively. Median Dice of 0.76(0.11) and 0.863(0.17) for tumor bulk segmentation on internal and external test sets, respectively. TSR was evaluated as an independent prognostic marker, demonstrating a cross-validation AUC of 0.61±0.12 for predicting six-month survival on the external dataset.

Conclusion
Our pipeline for automatic TSR quantification offers promising potential as a prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer. The results underscore the feasibility of computational biomarker discovery in enhancing patient outcome prediction, thus contributing to personalized patient management.
Effect of phosphate group on remineralization of early enamel caries regulated by amelogenin peptide
Authors: Zhao Hualei , Zhang Qun , Chu Jinpu 
Published: May 2024

Objective
To show the effect of the phosphate group on the remineralization process of early enamel caries mediated by amelogenin peptide.

Methods
Freshly extracted, completed, and crack-free bovine teeth were used to create artificial early enamel caries, which were randomly divided into four groups: Group A: fluorination remineralized solution treatment group; Group B: pure remineralized solution treatment group. Group C: 100 g/ml recombinant Amelogenin peptide remineralized solution treatment group (with single phosphate group on N-terminus); Group D: 100 g/ml non-phosphorylated recombinant Amelogenin peptide remineralized solution treatment group (without single phosphate group on N-terminus). For 12 days, fresh remineralized solutions were replaced daily. Transverse microradiography (TMR) was used after remineralization to determine mineral loss and demineralization depth before and after each sample’s remineralization. Each sample’s depth of remineralization and mineral acquisition were then determined.

Results
The recombinant amelogenin peptide group significantly outperformed the non-phosphorylated amelogenin peptide group in terms of mineral acquisition and mineralization depth (P<0.05).

Conclusions
The recombinant Amelogenin’s solitary phosphate group at the N-terminus helps recombinant Amelogenin to encourage the remineralization process of early enamel caries.
Vom innerjüdischen Appell zur öffentlichen Kampagne. Joel Bril Löwes Sendschreiben an die Brüderschaften und der Beerdigungsfristenstreit in Breslau, 1793–1800
Authors: Lohmann Uta 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The danger of burying only apparently dead bodies when following the Jewish custom to bury the deceased within a day was a hotly debated topic in the eighteenth century. Joel Bril Löwe participated in this debate with an open letter to the burial brotherhoods of all Jewish communities. The article reconstructs the dispute between the traditionalists, who argued for the Jewish custom of immediate burial, and the modernizers, who argued for its abandonment. Despite Löwe’s efforts to mediate between the fronts and to convince everyone to allow three days until the funeral were not successful, the dispute escalated, particularly in Breslau. In a number of German and Hebrew journals, Jewish supporters of the three-day limit ran campaigns, some of them rather aggressive, which led to the founding of new burial societies and attracted the attention of the Prussian authorities. The practice of early burial could only be brought to an end by state order.
Hebräische Autorennetzwerke in der Breslauer Haskala. Mordechai Roch (1763–1825) und seine nachgelassene Manuskriptsammlung
Authors: Naimark-Goldberg Natalie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
While the use of Hebrew was much in decline in most parts of Germany by the end of the eighteenth century, a considerable number of modern Hebrew texts were being published in Breslau with the specific goal of promoting and maintaining the relevance of Hebrew. The article presents a group portrait of the authors who promoted this consolidation of Hebrew study and modern Hebrew writing. It focuses on Mordechai Roch, a lesser-known author whose maskilic activity spanned more than three decades and thus linked the early attempts of the 1790s with a new flowering of Hebrew writing in the 1810s.
The impact of diffusion and perfusion-weighted imaging on glioma grading
Authors: Dinh Hieu Nguyen , Duy Hung Nguyen , Thanh Dung Le , Ngoc Anh Nguyen , Minh Duc Nguyen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Determining the grade of a glioma is extremely important for treatment planning and prognosis prediction. The study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of multiparametric perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in preoperative glioma grading.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 63 individuals with brain tumors histologically confirmed, of which 23 had low-grade gliomas (LGGs) and 40 had high-grade gliomas (HGGs) were involved. We conducted this paper on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps using the entire tumor volume method, allowing us to use all ADC values of the tumor. Small-sample regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn to collect parameters of relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), from both the tumor core and peritumoral edema. The PWI and DWI metrics were compared to identify the most accurate distinguishing HGGs and LGGs, analyze receiver operating characteristics (ROC), and evaluate the diagnostic performance using solitary parameters and combined.

Results
In diffusion MRI, there were significant differences in minimum ADC and mean ADC between LGGs and HGGs (p<0.05), with the larger area under the curve (AUC) of 0.898 found for mean ADC at a cut-off value of 1.275, with sensitivity of 82.6 % and specificity of 90 %. The maximum ADC value did not differ significantly (p>0.05). All perfusion parameters in both the tumor core and peritumoral edema area were significantly greater values in cases of HGG compared to LGG (p<0.001), with the highest AUC of 0.946 found for solid tumor rCBV value (rCBVt), the cut-off is 3.585, sensitivity of 85 % and specificity of 100 %. Combining mean ADC and rCBVt provided an excellent AUC of 0.975, a sensitivity of 92.5 %, and a specificity of 91.3 % for differentiating between HGGs and LGGs.

Conclusions
Perfusion and diffusion MRI are valuable in discriminating between high-grade and low-grade gliomas, with the major criterion in the decision-making process being the combined mean ADC and rCBVt parameters.
Study of chronic myeloid leukemia with T-cell under fractal-fractional order model
Authors: Shah Kamal , Ahmad Shabir , Ullah Aman , Abdeljawad Thabet 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This research work is devoted to investigate myeloid leukemia mathematical model. We give some details about the existence of trivial and nontrivial equilibrium points and their stability. Also, local asymptotical stability of disease-free and endemic equilibrium points is discussed. Also, positivity of the solution has been discussed. Some sufficient results are achieved to study the local existence and uniqueness of solution to the considered model for Mittag–Leffler kernel using the Banach contraction theorem. Three numerical algorithms are derived in obtaining the numerical solution of suggested model under three different kernels using Adams–Basforth technique. Numerical results have been presented for different fractals and fractional orders to show the behavior of the proposed model.
Epidemiological and bacterial profile of childhood meningitis in Tunisia
Authors: Dhraief Sarra , Meftah Khaoula , Mhimdi Samar , Khiari Houyem , Aloui Firas , Borgi Aida , Haddad-Boubaker Sondes , Brik Amani , Menif Khaled , Kechrid Amel , Bouafsoun Aida , Smaoui Hanen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe worldwide burden of disease of bacterial meningitis remains high, despite the decreasing incidence following introduction of routine vaccination campaigns.The aim of our study was to evaluate the epidemiological and bacteriological profile of paediatric bacterial meningitis (BM) in Tunisian children, during the period 2003–2019, following the implementation of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine (April 2011) and before 10-valent pneumoccocal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) introduction to the childhood immunization program.All bacteriologically confirmed cases of BM admitted to children's hospital of Tunis were recorded (January 2003 to April 2019). Serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) and H. influenzae (Hi) and antibiotic resistance were determined using conventional and molecular methods.Among 388 cases, the most frequent species were Sp (51.3%), followed by Nm (27.5%) and Hi (16.8%). We observed a significant decrease in Hi BM rate during the conjugated Hib vaccine use period (P < 0.0001). The main pneumococcal serotypes were 14, 19F, 6B, 23F and 19A and the serotype coverage of PCV10, PCV13, PCV15 and PCV20 was 71.3 and 78.8%, 79.4 and 81.9% respectively. The most frequent Nm serogroup was B (83.1%). Most Hi strains were of serotype b (86.9%). High levels of resistance were found: Sp and Nm to penicillin (respectively 60.1 and 80%) and Hi to ampicillin (42.6%). All meningococcal and Hi isolates were susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins and 7.2% of pneumococcal strains had decreased susceptibility to these antibiotics.The Hib conjugate vaccine decreased the rate of BM. Sp dominated the aetiology of BM in children in Tunisia. Conjugate vaccines introducing decreases not only BM cases but also antimicrobial resistance.
Development of an HPLC-UV method for the simultaneous determination of allantoin and D-panthenol in cosmetic products containing Aloe vera extracts
Authors: Ceylan Burhan , Kepekci Tekkeli S. Evrim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA simple, fast and selective analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of allantoin and D-panthenol in cosmetic products containing Aloe vera extracts. The proposed method depends on reversed-phase liquid chromatography with isocratic flow profile of the mobile phase composed of acetonitrile–10 mM phosphoric acid (pH 2.5) (85:15, v/v), with a C18 column at 30 °C. The analytes were detected with UV–vis. detector at 210 nm. The injection volume was 20 μL. The linearity ranges were found to be 0.2–20 and 0.1–10 μg mL−1 for allantoin and D-panthenol, respectively. LOD values were found to be 0.07 μg mL−1 and 0.03 μg mL−1, LOQ values were found to be 0.2 and 0.1 μg mL−1 for allantoin and D-panthenol, respectively. No interference was observed from concomitants. The developed method was applied to the analysis of 10 different type cosmetic products. It is foreseen that the method will be able to be used in order to carry out routine analysis, quality control and standardization in cosmetic products containing allantoin and D-panthenol.
No lowering, only paradigms: A paradigm-based account of linking vowels in Hungarian
Authors: Rebrus Péter , Szigetvári Péter , Törkenczy Miklós 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper analyses linking vowels of Hungarian in a paradigm-based approach. We argue that the quality of linking vowels is determined by such a complex interaction of phonological, morphological, and morphophonological factors on both stems and suffixes that attributing them to individual morphemes is not plausible. Instead in the model proposed here linking vowels emerge from the identification of initial and final substrings within and across paradigms.
Pawłowa zachęta do życia poddanego Duchowi Świętemu
Authors: Klich Anna Emmanuela 
Published: May 2024

The aim of this article is to show the specificity of Christian life as explained by St. Paul in the Letter to the Galatians (5:13–26). The first stage of the exegetical analysis is to determine the literary context of the pericope, allowing the fundamental reason for the difference in the lives of believers to be shown, namely, the gift of salvation. The second part of the article explains the relationship between the gift of freedom and the ability to live in love. The apostle points out that failure to accept the gift of salvation manifests itself in disorder in the sexual sphere, in lack of respect and forgiveness for other people, and even a broken relationship with God. The third part concerns the fruit of the believer’s docility to the Holy Spirit, which is a life in love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self–control. Attention to His guidance makes believers capable of overcoming selfish tendencies.
Perception-Dominant Control Types for Human/Machine Systems
Authors: Goranson Ted 
Published: May 2024

We explore a novel approach to complex domain modelling by emphasising primitives based on perception. The usual approach either focuses on actors or cognition associated with tokens that convey information. In related research, we have examined using effects and/or outcomes as primitives, and influences as the generator of those outcomes via categoric functors.
That approach (influences, effects) has advantages: it leverages what is known and supports the expanded logics we use, where we want to anticipate and engineer possible futures. But it has weaknesses when placed in a dynamic human-machine system where what is perceived or assumed matters more than what is known. The work reported here builds on previous advances in type specification and reasoning to ‘move the primitives forward’ more toward situation encounter and away from situation understanding.
The goal is in the context of shared human-machine systems where:
•	reaction times are shorter than the traditional ingestion/comprehension/response loop can support;
•	situations that are too complex or dynamic for current comprehension by any means;
•	there simply is insufficient knowledge about governing situations for the comprehension model to support action; and/or,
•	the many machine/human and system/system interfaces that are incapable of conveying the needed insights; that is, the communication channels choke the information or influence flows.
While the approach is motivated by the above unfriendly conditions, we expect significant benefits. We will explore these but engineer toward a federated decision paradigm where decisions by local human, machine or synthesis are not whole-situation-aware, but that collectively ‘swarm’ locally across the larger system to be more effective, ‘wiser’ than a convention paradigm may produce.
The supposed implementation strategy will be through extending an existing ‘playbooks as code’ project whose goals are to advise on local action by modelling and gaming complex system dynamics. A sponsoring context is ‘grey zone’ competition that avoids armed conflict, but that can segue to a mixed system course of action advisory. The general context is a costly ‘blue swan’ risk in large commercial and government enterprises.
The method will focus on patterns and relationships in synthetic categories used to model type transitions within topological models of system influence. One may say this is applied intuitionistic type theory, following mechanisms generally described by synthetic differential geometry. In this context, the motivating supposition of this study is that information-carrying influence channels are best modelled in our challenging domain as perceived types rather than understood types.
Development of Persian Monosyllabic and Disyllabic Words for Auditory Test of Adults and Evaluation of Their Face Validity Using Psychometric Function
Authors: Hassani Haleh , Ahadi Mohsen , Jarollahi Farnoush , Jalaie Shohreh 
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim: The utilization of speech materials in audiological assessments has faced challenges due to a lack of standardization and insufficient consideration of acoustic factors. This study aimed to develop a set of psychometrically validated monosyllabic and disyllabic words in Persian for use in auditory tests.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved collecting the most frequently used one- and two-syllable words from Persian dictionaries. A panel of experts evaluated the selected words using a 4-point Likert scale. Based on their recommendations, 382 monosyllabic words and 150 disyllabic words met the established criteria. Male and female talkers recorded these words, which were then presented in a random order to 30 young adults with normal hearing (aged 18–30 years). The presentation intensity levels ranged from 0 to 48 dB HL with 8 dB increments. Logistic regression was used to determine the psychometric properties of the words.
Results: As the intensity level increased, the percentage of word recognition scores also increased, reaching 100% at an intensity level of 48 dB HL. For Persian monosyllabic words, the mean psychometric slope was 0.29 %/dB for male talkers and 0.25 %/dB for female talkers. The corresponding slopes for Persian disyllabic words were 0.23 %/dB and 0.21 %/dB, respectively.
Conclusion: This study successfully developed 382 monosyllabic words and 150 disyllabic words in Persian with comparable psychometric properties. These words can be utilized in auditory tests for Iranian adults.

Keywords: Monosyllabic words; disyllabic words; psychometric‏ ‏function; logistic regression; Persian speech materials