bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A system for predicting energy and protein requirements of wild ruminants
Authors: Hackmann Timothy J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWild ruminants require energy and protein for the normal function. I developed a system for predicting these energy and protein requirements across ruminant species and life stages. This system defines requirements on the basis of net energy (NE), net protein (NP), and ruminally degraded protein (RDP). Total NE and NP requirements are calculated as the sum of NE and NP required for several functions (maintenance, activity, thermoregulation, gain, lactation, and gestation). To estimate the requirements for each function, I collected data predominantly for wild species and then formulated allometric and other equations that predict requirements across species. I estimated RDP requirements using an equation for cattle. I then related NE, NP, and RDP to quantities more practical for diet formulation (e.g. dry matter intake). I tabulated requirements over a range of body mass and life stages (neonate, juvenile, nonproductive adult, lactating adult, and gestating adult). Tabulated requirements suggest that adults at peak lactation require greatest quantities of energy and neonates generally require greatest quantities of protein, agreeing with suggestions that lactation is energetically expensive and protein is most limiting during growth. Equations used in this system were precise (allometric equations had R2 generally ≥0.89 and coefficient of variation <31.1%) and expected to reliably predict requirements across species. Results showed that a system for beef cattle would overestimate NE and either over‐ or underestimate NP for gain when applied to wild ruminants, showing that systems for wild ruminants should not extrapolate from requirements for domestic ruminants. One prominent system for wild ruminants predicted at times vastly different protein requirements from those predicted by the proposed system. The proposed system should be further evaluated and expanded to include other nutrients. Zoo Biol 30:165–188, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sister Mary Joseph's nodule derived from pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ozaki Nobuyuki , Takamori Hiroshi , Baba Hideo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground/PurposeUmbilical metastases known as Sister Mary Joseph's nodules (SMJNs) occur rarely. They are an uncommon clinical or radiographic finding, and are rare as the first sign of a malignant disease. Pancreatic cancer presenting as an SMJN is a rare phenomenon, and is the source of an SMJN in 9% of cases.Case presentationWe experienced four cases of SMJN derived from pancreatic cancer. All cases originated in the tail and/or body of the pancreas.DiscussionHerein, we introduce a case with pathognomonic imaging findings. We also present the results of our review of recently published papers about SMJN, done by conducting a PubMed search.
Use of a long‐chain triglyceride‐restricted/medium‐chain triglyceride‐supplemented diet in a case of malonyl‐CoA decarboxylase deficiency with cardiomyopathy
Authors: Footitt E. J. , Stafford J. , Dixon M. , Burch M. , Jakobs C. , Salomons G. S. , Cleary M. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMalonyl coenzyme A (CoA) decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.9, MCD) deficiency, or malonic aciduria, is a rare inborn error of metabolism characterised by a variable phenotype of developmental delay, seizures, cardiomyopathy and acidosis. There is no consensus for dietary treatment in this condition. This case describes the effect of a long‐chain triglyceride (LCT)‐restricted/medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT)‐supplemented diet upon the progress of an affected child. A full‐term Asian girl of birth weight 3590 g was screened for malonic aciduria after birth due to a positive family history. She had elevated urine malonic and methylmalonic acids and was presumably homozygous for a deleterious mutation in the MLYCD gene. Her echocardiography showed mild cardiomyopathy at 0.5 months of age, but heart function was good. She was treated with carnitine 100 mg/kg per day and continued a high‐energy formula feed, as her growth was slow. At 3 months of age, echocardiography showed deteriorating cardiac function with a fractional shortening of 18%. She started an angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (Captopril). Over the next few months, her diet was altered to comprise 1.9% energy from LCT, 25% from MCT and the remainder carbohydrate. Cardiac function improved and was optimal at 23 months of age, with a fractional shortening of 28% and good systolic function. During a period of low MCT intake, her cardiac function was noted to deteriorate. This reversed and stabilised following reinstatement of the diet. This case of malonic aciduria with cardiomyopathy demonstrates improvement in cardiac function attributable to LCT‐restricted/MCT‐supplemented diet.
High frequencies of biotinidase (BTD) gene mutations in the Hungarian population
Authors: Milánkovics Ilona , Németh Krisztina , Somogyi Csilla , Schuler Ágnes , Fekete György 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBiotinidase deficiency, an autosomal recessively inherited disorder, is characterized by neurologic and cutaneous symptoms and can be detected by newborn screening. In Hungary the national screening programme was launched in 1989 with two screening centres. Over 1,070,000 neonates from western Hungary were screened for biotinidase deficiency in the Budapest Screening Centre between 1989 and December 2008. In this period, 57 patients with profound or partial biotinidase deficiency from 50 families were identified through routine newborn screening. The incidence of the disorder in western Hungary is 1 in 18,700, which is about three times the worldwide incidence. Twenty‐four different mutations were identified in patients including the c.406delC novel mutation in exon 3, which is a frameshift mutation. To better understand the background of the unusually high disease incidence, 100 healthy subjects from the Hungarian population were screened by PCR and RFLP for the frequencies of p.D444H, p.Q456H and p.A171T;p.D444H, the three most common BTD mutations. The frequencies were found to be 5.5, 0.5 and 0%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the frequencies of two of the most common biotinidase variant alleles are higher in the Hungarian population than in other Caucasian populations. This and the presence of a unique Hungarian mutation may explain the high incidence of biotinidase deficiency in Hungary.
Early retirement from work among employees with a diagnosis of personality disorder compared to anxiety and depressive disorders
Authors: Korkeila J. , Oksanen T. , Virtanen M. , Salo P. , Nabi H. , Pentti J. , Vahtera J. , Kivimäki M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveRisk of retirement from work before statutory retirement age among employees with personality disorders is unknown.MethodWe used diagnoses of awarded medical rehabilitations and hospitalisations to select two clinical cohorts from a population of 151,618 employees: participants in rehabilitation (total N = 1942, 233 personality disorder, 419 anxiety disorder and 1290 depression cases) and hospitalised patients (N = 1333, 354, 126 and 853, respectively). Early retirement from work was tracked through national registers during a period of 5 years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of diagnostic groups with risk of early retirement.ResultsIn models adjusted for age, sex and socioeconomic position, the relative risk of early retirement for patients with personality disorders was 3.5-fold (95% CI 2.1 to 5.8) in the rehabilitation cohort and 2.3-fold (95% CI 1.6 to 3.5) in the hospital cohort compared with anxiety disorders. The corresponding hazard ratios of early retirement for personality disorders compared with depressive disorders were 1.1 (95% CI 0.8–1.5) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.4–2.1), respectively.ConclusionsPersonality disorders increase the risk of early retirement at least to an equal extent as depression and more than twice that of anxiety disorders.
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase gene (HMGCR) influences the serum triacylglycerol relationship with dietary fat and fibre in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) study
Authors: Freitas Renata N. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wu Kelvin , Bowman Richard , Jeffery Hannah , Luben Robert , Wareham Nicolas J. , Bingham Sheila A. 
Published: June 2010

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of the single nucleotide polymorphism (rs17238540) at the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase gene (HMGCR) on the relationship between serum lipids and dietary fat and fibre (NSP). FFQ and pyrosequencing were used to assess cross-sectional dietary intake andHMGCRgenotype in a population study with data for serum lipids available. Genotype frequencies and allele distributions for 23 011 participants were: TT 95·65 %, TG 4·29 % and GG 0·06 %; T 97·8 % and G 2·2 %. In regression analyses, the TG+GG group showed a significant positive relationship between TAG and SFA intake (+0·11 (95 % CI 0·02, 0·20) mmol TAG/l;P = 0·017; per 3 % SFA energy increase) while the TT individuals showed no change in the TAG levels related to SFA intake ( − 0·0007 (95 % CI − 0·02, 0·02) mmol TAG/l;P = 0·99). TG+GG individuals showed an inverse relationship between TAG and fibre intake higher ( − 0·14 (95 % CI − 0·22, − 0·05) mmol TAG/l than the TT group ( − 0·04 (95 % CI − 0·06, − 0·02) mmol TAG/l). In both cases the respective coefficient regressions of TAG were different between the genotype groups (Z = 2·27,P = 0·023 for SFA intake; Z = 2·19,P = 0·029 for fibre intake). Individuals carrying the G allele may show a greater response in lower TAG levels with reduced SFA intake and increased fibre intake compared with those homozygous for the T allele. The effectiveness of different dietary interventions to control serum lipids may vary according toHMGCRgenotype.
Presence of alkylresorcinols, potential whole grain biomarkers, in human adipose tissue
Authors: Jansson Erika , Landberg Rikard , Kamal-Eldin Afaf , Wolk Alicja , Vessby Bengt , Åman Per 
Published: June 2010

Alkylresorcinols (AR) in plasma samples have been suggested to be short- to medium-term biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake. In the present study, we investigated whether AR are present in human adipose tissues, and if content correlated with long-term whole grain bread intake. Furthermore, we investigated if the relative AR homologue composition reflected what has been found previously in the habitual diet of Swedes. Biopsy samples (10–25 mg) from free-living Swedish women (n 20) were analysed by GC–MS. The mean total AR concentration in the samples was 0·54 (sd 0·35) μg/g, ranging from below limit of quantification ( < 0·08 μg/g) to 1·50 μg/g. Whole grain bread intake was significantly correlated with plasma total AR content (r 0·48, P < 0·05), and the C17 : 0/C21 : 0 ratio was 0·35 (sd 0·24), which is similar to what is found in plasma among free-living subjects consuming a mixed whole grain wheat and rye diet. These results suggest that AR in the adipose tissue should be evaluated as a long-term biomarker of whole grain wheat and rye intake.
Sex differences in lipid and glucose kinetics after ingestion of an acute oral fructose load
Authors: Tran Christel , Jacot-Descombes Delphine , Lecoultre Virgile , Fielding Barbara A. , Carrel Guillaume , Lê Kim-Anne , Schneiter Philippe , Bortolotti Muriel , Frayn Keith N. , Tappy Luc 
Published: June 2010

The increase in VLDL TAG concentration after ingestion of a high-fructose diet is more pronounced in men than in pre-menopausal women. We hypothesised that this may be due to a lower fructose-induced stimulation of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in pre-menopausal women. To evaluate this hypothesis, nine healthy male and nine healthy female subjects were studied after ingestion of oral loads of fructose enriched with 13C6 fructose. Incorporation of 13C into breath CO2, plasma glucose and plasma VLDL palmitate was monitored to evaluate total fructose oxidation, gluconeogenesis and hepatic DNL, respectively. Substrate oxidation was assessed by indirect calorimetry. After 13C fructose ingestion, 44·0 (sd 3·2) % of labelled carbons were recovered in plasma glucose in males v. 41·9 (sd 2·3) % in females (NS), and 42·9 (sd 3·7) % of labelled carbons were recovered in breath CO2 in males v. 43·0 (sd 4·5) % in females (NS), indicating similar gluconeogenesis from fructose and total fructose oxidation in males and females. The area under the curve for 13C VLDL palmitate tracer-to-tracee ratio was four times lower in females (P < 0·05), indicating a lower DNL. Furthermore, lipid oxidation was significantly suppressed in males (by 16·4 (sd 5·2), P < 0·05), but it was not suppressed in females ( − 1·3 (sd 4·7) %). These results support the hypothesis that females may be protected against fructose-induced hypertriglyceridaemia because of a lower stimulation of DNL and a lower suppression of lipid oxidation.
Phenotypic variation in a significant spore character in Kudoa (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) species infecting brain tissue
Authors: BURGER MIEKE A. A. , ADLARD ROBERT D. 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYSome Kudoa species display variations in the number of polar capsules in spores within an individual pseudocyst. Nonetheless, there is usually a dominant morphotype which forms a significant element of diagnosis. In 2007, a Kudoa isolate from whiting (spores with 5 (dominant) or 6 (minor) polar capsules) was characterized by Burger et al. (2007) as being 100% identical in SSU rDNA to Kudoa yasunagai (spores with 7 polar capsules) from a halibut, despite its obvious morphological differences. The authors hypothesized that either SSU rDNA had reached its level of resolution or that the genetic identity revealed conspecificity. To further investigate these hypotheses, SSU and LSU rDNA sequence data were coupled with principal components, correlation, and regression analyses of morphometric data from different kudoid isolates that infect brain tissue to determine the relationships between spore morphotypes and different kudoid isolates. The trends in morphometrics between the spores of particular isolates were so similar that it was concluded that the molecular results did indicate conspecificity rather than SSU reaching its level of resolution. This phenotypic influence on a significant diagnostic character within the Kudoidae has a major impact on the diagnosis of this, and potentially other, pathogenic species.
Trypanosoma melophagium from the sheep ked Melophagus ovinus on the island of St Kilda
Authors: GIBSON W. , PILKINGTON J. G. , PEMBERTON J. M. 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYThe sheep ked has been largely eradicated in the UK but persists in the feral Soay sheep of St Kilda in the Outer Hebrides. Sheep keds transmit Trypanosoma melophagium, but parasitaemias are typically cryptic and this trypanosome has not been recorded in the St Kilda sheep. Trypanosomes were detected by PCR in preserved keds and were also found in gut smears from live keds; one infected gut was used to establish the trypanosome in vitro. Examination of the morphology of bloodstream forms from culture confirmed its identity as T. melophagium. Most keds were found to harbour the trypanosome, particularly those collected from lambs. DNA was extracted from preserved keds and from trypanosomes grown in vitro. Sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene and the spliced leader transcript showed the T. melophagium sequences to be very similar to those from T. theileri. A partial sequence of the ked SSU rRNA gene was also obtained. The close genetic relationship of T. melophagium and T. theileri suggests that T. melophagium represents a lineage of T. theileri that adapted to transmission by sheep keds and hence became a specific parasite of sheep.
Genetic evidence for domestic raccoon dog rabies caused by Arctic-like rabies virus in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: SHAO X. Q. , YAN X. J. , LUO G. L. , ZHANG H. L. , CHAI X. L. , WANG F. X. , WANG J. K. , ZHAO J. J. , WU W. , CHENG S. P. , YANG F. H. , QIN X. C. , ZHANG Y. Z. 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYAn outbreak of rabies affected domestic raccoon dogs on an animal farm in Inner Mongolia, China in 2007. A study was conducted to characterize the aetiological agent and clarify the origin of the rabies virus. Brain tissues were obtained from five rabid raccoon dogs. Viral nucleoprotein antigen was detected in the brain tissues and five rabies viruses were isolated from these rabid animals. Phylogenetic analysis of the N and G gene sequences showed that these isolates were closely related to Arctic-like rabies viruses isolated from the far-eastern region of Russia and South Korea, but distinct from the rabies viruses that are widely distributed in endemic areas in China. Epidemiological data suggested that the likely source of infection was from one wild raccoon dog that was captured and placed in the same type of pen used for domestic raccoon dogs.
Community perceptions of bloody diarrhoea in an urban slum in South Asia: implications for introduction of aShigellavaccine
Authors: ARVELO W. , BLUM L. S. , NAHAR N. , VON SEIDLEIN L. , NAHAR L. , PACK R. P. , BROOKS A. W. , PACH A. , BREIMAN R. F. , LUBY S. P. , RAM P. K. 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYUnderstanding local perceptions of disease causation could help public health officials improve strategies to prevent bloody diarrhoea. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh to elicit community beliefs about the causes of and prevention strategies for bloody diarrhoea. Between March and June 2003, we interviewed 541 randomly selected respondents. Overall, 507 (93%) respondents perceived that a vaccine could prevent bloody diarrhoea. If a vaccine provided lifetime protection, 445 (83%) respondents stated that they would opt to get the vaccine and would pay a median of $0·05 (range U.S.$0·01–0·15) for it, equivalent to <1% of their median weekly income. There was almost universal perception that an effective vaccine to prevent bloody diarrhoea was highly beneficial and acceptable. While respondents valued a vaccine for prevention of bloody diarrhoea, they were only willing to pay minimally for it. Therefore, achieving a high rate ofShigellavaccine coverage may require subsidy of vaccine purchase.
Anti‐infliximab antibody status and its relation to clinical response in psoriatic patients: A pilot study
Authors: ADIŞEN Esra , ARAL Arzu , AYBAY Cemalettin , GÜRER Mehmet Ali 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlthough the mechanisms underlying the loss of response to infliximab are not completely understood, the formation of antibodies to infliximab (ATI) are thought to play a role. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of ATI in psoriatic patients and to evaluate its relationship to the clinical response. Fifteen patients with psoriasis were treated with infliximab (5 mg/kg) every 8 weeks after an initial three‐dose induction treatment. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit was used for analyzing the presence of ATI in sera. Effectiveness assessments included the change in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) compared with study entry. Five (33.3%) patients developed ATI. While 5.9 ± 3.2 infliximab infusions achieved a fall in the PASI score from a mean of 20.4 ± 8.3 to 5.3 ± 2.4 in ATI‐negative patients, these values changed from 23.3 ± 11 to 10 ± 4.9 after 9 ± 5.2 infusions in ATI‐positive patients. Our results suggested that ATI measured in psoriatic patients are of clinical importance. Therefore, monitoring for the induction of ATI and rescue strategies should be developed to avoid or to maintain a delay in ATI development.
Expression of bovine (Bos indicus) interleukin‐18 in Escherichia coli and its biological activity
Authors: Siva Reddy Kotla , Muralidhar Rao Dowlathabad. , Dechamma Hosur Joyappa , Suryanarayana Veluvarthy V.S. , Reddy Golla Ramalinga 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTIL‐18 modulates immune functions by inducing IFN‐γ production and promoting Th1 immune responses. In the present study, we amplified and cloned the sequence (582 bp) encoding full‐length bovine IL‐18 from PBMC stimulated with PHA. The nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequence of Bos indicus IL‐18 showed an identity of 86–98% compared with IL‐18 sequences of other ruminants. The insert was subcloned into a pET 32a vector and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein and the matured protein was obtained by caspase I treatment. The specificity of these proteins was confirmed by western blotting. The biological activity of the purified protein was analyzed by its ability to induce IFN‐γ production in PBMC measured by ELISA and qPCR.
Multicenter evaluation of prototype real‐time PCR assays for Epstein‐Barr virus and cytomegalovirus DNA in whole blood samples from transplant recipients
Authors: Ito Yoshinori , Takakura Shunji , Ichiyama Satoshi , Ueda Mitsuharu , Ando Yukio , Matsuda Kazuyuki , Hidaka Eiko , Nakatani Kaname , Nishioka Junji , Nobori Tsutomu , Kajiyama Naoki , Kimura Hiroshi 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTQuantitative PCR is becoming widespread for diagnosing and monitoring post‐transplantation diseases associated with EBV and CMV. These assays need to be standardized to manage patients in different facilities. Five independent laboratories in Japan compared home‐brew assays and a prototype assay system to establish a standard quantitative procedure for measuring EBV and CMV. Reference standards and a total of 816 (642 EBV and 174 CMV) whole blood samples from post‐transplantation recipients were used for this multicenter evaluation. The prototype reference standard for EBV was compared to a panel of samples, with a theoretical expected value made using EBV‐positive cells containing two virus genome copies per cell. The mean ratio of the reference standard at each site to the standard of the prototype assay was ≤4.15 for EBV among three different sites and ≤3.0 for CMV between two laboratories. The mean of the theoretical expected number of the EBV genome: prototype reference was close to 1.0. The correlation coefficients between the viral copy numbers determined using the prototype assay and those using each home‐brew assay were high (EBV, 0.73–0.83, median = 0.78; CMV, 0.54–0.60, median = 0.57). The dynamics of the EBV and CMV loads in transplant recipients were similar between the assay types. There was an inter‐laboratory difference among the quantification results, indicating that a unified protocol and kit are favorable for standardizing the quantification of EBV and CMV. Such standardization will help to standardize the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases associated with EBV and CMV.
Salted roads and sodium limitation in a northern forest ant community
Authors: KASPARI MICHAEL , CHANG CHARLOTTE , WEAVER JOHANNA 
Published: June 2010

1. Road salt is a common, anthropogenic source of NaCl in many temperate ecosystems. Sodium is also an essential and potentially limiting element for inland animal populations. This suggests that Na limitation in inland ecosystems, and hence attraction to Na sources, should increase with distance from salted roads.2. In a North Temperate forest, we tested the prediction that Na recruitment would increase, as soil [Na] decreased, with distance from a salted two‐lane highway. We presented ants with three concentrations of NaCl and sucrose solution along four pairs of transects ca 1, 10, 100, and 1000 m from the road.3. Consistent with the Na‐limitation hypothesis, the ratio of NaCl to sucrose use increased with distance from the road from 1:13 vials at 1 m to 1:5 vials at 1 km. Genera characterised by high Na use did not accumulate farther from the road. For the common and widespreadTapinoma sessile(Say), a 10‐fold increase in distance from the road resulted in ants doubling their use of NaCl relative to sucrose.4. Road salt is a well‐known pollutant, especially of freshwater ecosystems. However, by suppressing plants and potentially promoting consumers, road salt may have more complex effects on terrestrial ecosystems, especially those far inland from oceanic aerosols.