bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antitumor Activity and Prolonged Survival by Carbon‐Nanotube‐Mediated Therapeutic siRNA Silencing in a Human Lung Xenograft Model
Authors: Podesta Jennifer E. , Al‐Jamal Khuloud T. , Herrero M. Antonia , Tian Bowen , Ali‐Boucetta Hanene , Hegde Vikas , Bianco Alberto , Prato Maurizio , Kostarelos Kostas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCarbon nanotubes are novel nanomaterials that are thought to offer potential benefits to a variety of biomedical and clinical applications. In this study, the treatment of a human lung carcinoma model in vivo using siRNA sequences leading to cytotoxicity and cell death is carried out using either cationic liposomes (DOTAP:cholesterol) or amino‐functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (${\rm MWNT - NH}_3^ +$). Validation for the most cytotoxic siRNA sequence using a panel of human carcinoma and murine cells reveals that the proprietary siTOX sequence is human specific and can lead to significant cytotoxic activities delivered both by liposome or ${\rm MWNT - NH}_3^ +$ in vitro. A comparative study using both types of vector indicates that only ${\rm MWNT - NH}_3^ +$:siRNA complexes administered intratumorally can elicit delayed tumor growth and increased survival of xenograft‐bearing animals. siTOX delivery via the cationic ${\rm MWNT - NH}_3^ +$ is biologically active in vivo by triggering an apoptotic cascade, leading to extensive necrosis of the human tumor mass. This suggests that carbon‐nanotube‐mediated delivery of siRNA by intratumoral administration leads to successful and statistically significant suppression of tumor volume, followed by a concomitant prolongation of survival of human lung tumor‐bearing animals. The direct comparison between carbon nanotubes and liposomes demonstrates the potential advantages offered by carbon nanotubes for the intracellular delivery of therapeutic agents in vivo. The present work may act as the impetus for further studies to explore the therapeutic capacity of chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes to deliver siRNA directly into the cytoplasm of target cells and achieve effective therapeutic silencing in various disease indications where local delivery is feasible or desirable.
Controlled Growth of Platinum Nanoparticles on Strontium Titanate Nanocubes by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Christensen Steven T. , Elam Jeffrey W. , Rabuffetti Federico A. , Ma Qing , Weigand Steven J. , Lee Byeongdu , Seifert Soenke , Stair Peter C. , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R. , Hersam Mark C. , Bedzyk Michael J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWith an eye toward using surface morphology to enhance heterogeneous catalysis, Pt nanoparticles are grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on the surfaces of SrTiO3 nanocubes. The size, dispersion, and chemical state of the Pt nanoparticles are controlled by the number of ALD growth cycles. The SrTiO3 nanocubes average 60 nm on a side with {001} faces. The Pt loading increases linearly with Pt ALD cycles to a value of 1.1 × 10−6 g cm−2 after five cycles. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal discrete, well‐dispersed Pt nanoparticles. Small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering show that the Pt nanoparticle spacing and size increase as the number of ALD cycles increases. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy shows a progression from platinum(II) oxide to metallic platinum and a decrease in PtO bonding with an increase in PtPt bonding as the number of ALD cycles increases.
Examination of the secondary palate on stored 3D ultrasound volumes of the fetal face
Authors: Wong H. S. , Tait J. , Pringle K. C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the use of oblique planes from stored three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound volumes of the fetal face for viewing the secondary palate at various gestational ages.Methods3D ultrasound volumes of the fetal face acquired with surface rendering at 15–35 weeks' gestation in 31 fetuses with confirmed normal secondary palates were reviewed. The secondary palate was viewed in three oblique planes targeted at the uvula: the oblique axial, the oblique sagittal and the reverse face view. The detection and appearance of the secondary palate, including the soft palate, with these views at various gestational ages were compared.ResultsThe various surfaces of the secondary palate could be viewed in all 31 fetuses in the oblique axial and the reverse face views, and in all except two fetuses in the oblique sagittal view. Both of these were < 19 weeks' gestation, at which age the uvula could not be identified clearly in this plane.ConclusionsThe oblique axial, the oblique sagittal and the reverse face view targeted at the uvula allow visualization of the various aspects of the fetal secondary palate on 3D ultrasound in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The uvula could be used as a landmark for viewing the soft palate, but was not always easily identifiable before 19 weeks' gestation. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medians and correction factors for biochemical and ultrasound markers in Chinese women undergoing first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21
Authors: Sahota D. S. , Leung T. Y. , Fung T. Y. , Chan L. W. , Law L. W. , Lau T. K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo establish normative values and distribution parameters of first‐trimester maternal serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG), pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) and fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness in Chinese women and to examine the effects of covariates on their levels.MethodsMaternal serum free β‐hCG, PAPP‐A and fetal NT were measured in 9762 women presenting for first‐trimester combined screening for Down syndrome at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation. Individuals' markers were converted to multiples of the median (MoM) using expected medians estimated by performing a weighted regression analysis. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess the influence of maternal weight, parity, ethnicity, chorionicity in twin pregnancies, smoking, insulin‐dependent diabetes and mode of conception on individual marker MoM levels.ResultsBoth free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A median values demonstrated an exponential relationship with gestational age in days. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that free β‐hCG MoM was statistically significantly dependent on maternal weight (P < 0.0001) and chorionicity in twin pregnancy (both monochorionic and dichorionic P < 0.0001), that PAPP‐A MoM was dependent on maternal weight (P < 0.0001), parity (P < 0.0001), chorionicity in twin pregnancy (both monochorionic and dichorionic P < 0.0001) and mode of conception (P = 0.002), and that fetal NT‐MoM was dependent on maternal weight (P = 0.0006) and mode of conception (P = 0.012).ConclusionNormative values have been generated to allow conversion of NT, free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A to their MoM equivalents and correction factors have been determined to adjust for maternal and pregnancy characteristics for use in ethnic Chinese women undergoing first‐trimester screening for aneuploidy. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amniotic fluid ‘sludge’ detected in patients with subchorionic hematoma: a report of two cases
Authors: Tskitishvili E. , Tomimatsu T. , Kanagawa T. , Sawada K. , Kinugasa Y. , Mimura K. , Kimura T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAmniotic fluid ‘sludge’ is defined as the presence of dense aggregates of particulate matter in close proximity to the internal cervical os. It is of clinical significance in asymptomatic patients at high risk for spontaneous delivery, and in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. Subchorionic hematoma is another ultrasound finding that is associated with a higher incidence of threatened miscarriage and preterm delivery. We report two cases of occurrence of amniotic fluid sludge in patients with previously detected large subchorionic hematoma. In the first case subchorionic hematoma and amniotic fluid sludge were detected by ultrasonography at 13 + 1 and 18 + 6 weeks' gestation, respectively, followed by preterm premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption and emergency Cesarean section. In the second case subchorionic hematoma and amniotic fluid sludge were detected by ultrasound at 11 + 3 and 15 + 5 weeks' gestation, respectively, followed by miscarriage with histological chorioamnionitis. The coincidence of subchorionic hematoma and amniotic fluid sludge in these cases points to a possible connection between these two significant ultrasound findings. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a micro‐focus x‐ray fluorescence spectrometer using multiple target anode monochromatic x‐ray sources
Authors: Maeo S. , Krämer M. , Utaka T. , Taniguchi K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA micro‐focus x‐ray fluorescence spectrometer using an x‐ray tube with multiple excitation sources and a doubly curved crystal (DCC) has been developed in this study. The excited target of the x‐ray tube can be selected from among Cr, W, and Rh. The focal spot size for the conditions of 30 kV and 0.5 mA was estimated to be about 10 µm in diameter. The doubly curved crystal has von Hámos geometry in the vertical direction and Johann geometry in the horizontal direction. Thin Si(111) was selected as the crystal material. It can focus the W‐Lβ x‐rays into an area of 165.6 µm × 132.9 µm as the full width at half maximum for the sample position. The spectrometer combining the present x‐ray tube and DCCs was demonstrated to be able to measure an Ni particle 5 µm in diameter on an Si wafer by W‐Lβ excitation. The lower limit of detection was estimated to be 7.29 pg, or equivalent to a particle 0.58 µm in diameter. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two Coordination Networks Built from p‐Sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene Tetranuclear Clusters
Authors: Chen Baiquan , Yuan Daqiang , Wu Mingyan , Jiang Feilong , Hong Maochun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo coordination compounds based on p‐sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene (TCAS) were synthesized by hydrothermal reactions of TCAS with M2+ cations (M = Cu for 1, M = Co for 2) in the presence of [PhCH2N(CH3)3]+. Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses revealed that both compounds, 1 and 2, are isomorphous and crystallize in the same space group $P{\bar 1}$. The tetranuclear cluster units are connected into layer networks through complicated hydrogen‐bonding and π–π interactions. The results of thermogravimetric measurements demonstrate that 1 and 2 have the high thermal stabilities.
The Influence of Substituents at C2 Carbon of Thiosemicarbazones on the Bonding Pattern of Bis(diphenylphopshano)alkanes in Palladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Lobana Tarlock S. , Bawa Gagandeep , Hundal Geeta , Butcher Ray J. , Castineiras Alfonso 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReactions of trans‐PdCl2(PPh3)2 with acetone thiosemicarbazone (Hactsc) and benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (Hbtsc) in a 1:1 molar ratio in the presence of Et3N yielded the neutral complexes [Pd(η2‐N3,S‐actsc)(PPh3)Cl] (1) and [Pd(η2‐N3,S‐btsc)(PPh3)Cl] (2) respectively. In contrast, reactions of cis‐PdCl2(dppe) (dppe = bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane) and cis‐PdCl2(dppp) (dppp = bis(diphenylphosphanyl)propane) with Hbtsc gave the ionic complexes [Pd(η2‐N2,S‐btsc)(η2‐dppe)]Cl (3) and [Pd(η2‐N3,S‐btsc)(η2‐dppp)]Cl (4) because of the chelation effect. The reaction of salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (H2stsc) with cis‐PdCl2(dppm) (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane)and cis‐PdCl2(dppp) yielded the dinuclear complexes [Pd2(η3‐O,N3,S‐stsc)2(μ‐dppm)] (5) and [Pd2(η3‐O,N3,S‐stsc)2(μ‐dppp)] (6). Complexes 1–6 were characterized with spectroscopic techniques [IR, 1H, 31P{1H} NMR], and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The ligands are negative bidentate in complexes 1–4 and dinegative tridentate (O, N3, S) in complexes 5 and 6. Diphosphanes exhibited both chelating (η2; 3, 4) as well as bridging (μ; 5, 6) modes.
On the Crystal Structure, Metal Atom Site Preferences and Magnetic Properties of Nd5–xErxTt4 (Tt = Si or Ge)
Authors: Misra Sumohan , Poweleit Eric T. , Miller Gordon J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA crystallographic study of the Nd/Er site preferences in the Nd5–xErxTt4 (Tt = Si, Ge) series prepared by high‐temperature methods is presented. For Nd5–xErxSi4, phases with x ≤ 1.0 adopt the tetragonal Zr5Si4‐type structure. On the other hand, phases in the composition range of 2.0 ≤ x ≤ 5.0 exhibits the Gd5Si4‐type structure. For all silicides, all silicon atoms belong to Si–Si dimers. In the Nd5–xErxGe4 system, phases with x < 3.2 and x = 4.0 adopt the orthorhombic Sm5Ge4‐type structure. For the composition range of 3.2 ≤ x ≤ 4.0, a monoclinic U2Mo3Si4‐type structure (space group P21/c) occurs as the majority phase. This monoclinic structure, until recently, was not reported for similar RE5T4 systems, and differs from the known monoclinic Gd5Si2Ge2‐type (space group P21/a) because all Ge···Ge contacts between slabs are equivalent. The structural relationships between the Zr5Si4‐type, Gd5Si4‐type, Sm5Ge4‐type, and U2Mo3Si4‐type structures are discussed. Single crystal refinements of the metal atom occupancies for the three different metal sites in the asymmetric unit of all structure types reveal a partially ordered nonstatistical arrangement of neodymium and erbium atoms. The magnetic properties of some Nd5–xErxGe4 phases are also reported. Nd4ErGe4 shows an antiferromagnetic‐type transition similar to Gd5Ge4. As the erbium concentration increases (2 ≤ x ≤ 4), these phases exhibit, at least, ferrimagnetic‐type ordering.
Chloride Derivatives of Lanthanide Ortho‐Oxomolybdates: 1. Structural Comparison, Magnetic Properties, and Luminescence of the LnCl[MoO4] Representatives with the Smaller Lanthanides (Ln = Sm–Lu)
Authors: Hartenbach Ingo , Strobel Sabine , Schleid Thomas , Krämer Karl W. , Dorhout Peter K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe lanthanide chloride ortho‐oxomolybdates LnCl[MoO4] (Ln = Sm–Yb) crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/m (a = 1035–1010 pm, b = 736–713 pm, c = 691–678 pm, β = 106.7–107.4°, Z = 4), while LuCl[MoO4] displays a triclinic structure (space group P, a = 591.42(2) pm, b = 716.19(3) pm, c = 681.44(3) pm, α = 93.724(2)°, β = 102.463°, γ = 122.134(2)°, Z = 2). The isotypical monoclinic derivatives exhibit one crystallographically unique site for the lanthanide cations with a coordination number of eight (2 × Cl– and 6 × O2– arranged as trigonal dodecahedra). The Lu3+ cations in LuCl[MoO4] also occupy a single crystallographic position, but with a coordination number of only seven (2 × Cl– and 5 × O2–, arranged as monocapped trigonal prisms). The coordination polyhedra around the lanthanide cations in the LnCl[MoO4] representatives (Ln = Sm–Yb) are connected to each other via three common edges, building up a ∞2{[LnCl2/2eO4/2eO2/1t]6–} layer parallel to the ab plane. These layers are cross‐linked along [001] by Mo6+ cations, which on their part form tetrahedral ortho‐oxomolybdate units [MoO4]2–. In LuCl[MoO4] only two edges of the [LuCl2O5] polyhedra are interconnected, constituting a ∞1{[LuCl2/2eO2/2eO3/1t]6–} chain along [100]. These chains arrange as a sheered primitive rod‐packing with the Mo6+ cations connecting these strands to each other, again by the formation of tetrahedral [MoO4]2– entities. Magnetic measurements were performed for GdCl[MoO4] and DyCl[MoO4], exhibiting Curie‐Weiss behaviour for both compounds. Luminescence and excitation spectra of EuCl[MoO4] and TbCl[MoO4] were measured. Under UV excitation both bulk materials show intense red and green luminescence, respectively. This is slightly uncommon, since most bulk compounds do not show intense luminescence due to concentration quenching.
How People Can Benefit from Mental Health Consumer‐Run Organizations
Authors: Brown Louis D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe goal of this study is to develop a more comprehensive theoretical understanding of the processes by which people can benefit from mental health consumer‐run organizations (CROs). To accomplish this goal, the concept of roles is used to create a preliminary framework that draws connections between several established theoretical explanations. To ground theory development in empirical data, 194 CRO members from 20 CROs answered open‐ended questions about what personal changes occurred as a result of their CRO involvement and what CRO participation experiences enabled personal change. Data analysis led to the identification of 18 personal change categories and 7 experiences that led to change. These categories were integrated into the preliminary theoretical framework, which needed to be extended to accommodate all categories. While inevitably tentative, the final conceptualization provides a more comprehensive understanding of the processes by which people can benefit from CRO participation.
Modulation of Transmission Spectra of Anodized Alumina Membrane Distributed Bragg Reflector by Controlling Anodization Temperature
Authors: Zheng Wen Jun , Fei Guang Tao , Wang Biao , De Zhang Li 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
We have successfully prepared anodized alumina membrane distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) using electrochemical anodization method. The transmission peak of this distributed Bragg reflector could be easily and effectively modulated to cover almost any wavelength range of the whole visible spectrum by adjusting anodization temperature.
Fractionation of Soybean Globulins Using Ca2+ and Mg2+: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Teng Zi , Liu Chong , Yang Xiaoquan , Li Lin , Tang Chuanhe , Jiang Yueming 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe substitution of CaCl2 by MgCl2 was undertaken in Deak’s two‐step process of separating the soybean 11S and 7S globulins, aiming at higher purities and lower phytic acid (PA) contents of recovered protein fractions. The effects of pH and the addition of NaCl were also evaluated. Compared with CaCl2, MgCl2 reduced the PA content of the 11S‐rich fraction by 63–71% but increased that of the 7S‐rich fraction by 14–28%, depending on pH. Correspondingly, more Ca2+ was recovered in the 11S‐rich fraction, while more Mg2+ co‐precipitated with the 7S‐rich fraction. NaCl increased the purity of the 11S‐rich fraction and reduced its PA content, but the purity of the 7S‐rich fraction was reduced by using 50–100 mM NaCl. Lowering pHs from 6.4 and 4.8 to 5.6 and 4.0 in the two precipitation steps increased the yield of both fractions. The optimized fractionating procedure was as follows: the 11S‐rich fraction was precipitated at pH 5.8 by using 5 mM MgCl2, 10 mM NaHSO3 and 20 mM NaCl, followed by the precipitation of the 7S‐rich fraction at pH 4.5. The new method provided both fractions with satisfactory protein yields (22% for 11S and 16% for 7S), purities (88% for 11S and 80% for 7S) and PA contents (0.356% for 11S and 0.882% for 7S).
Differentiation of Fish Oils According to Species by 13C‐NMR Regiospecific Analyses of Triacyglycerols
Authors: Standal Inger B. , Axelson David E. , Aursand Marit 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to use 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) regiospecific analyses of triacylglycerols to distinguish fish oils from different fish species for authentication purposes. 13C‐NMR data of muscle lipids from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and herring (Clupea harengus) were obtained, and the distribution of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids between the sn‐1,3 and sn‐2 glycerol chains calculated from the carbonyl region. The results show that there were significant differences in the sn‐2 position specificity of the fatty acids 22:6n‐3, 20:5n‐3 and 18:4n‐3 among the species investigated. The most pronounced difference was that herring had a higher proportion of its 22:6n‐3 in the sn‐2 position compared to the two other species. Principal component analysis of data points in the carbonyl‐region showed that there were also differences in the level and regiospecific distribution of monounsaturated/saturated fatty acids, which made it possible to distinguish oils of these three species solely from the carbonyl region of 13C‐NMR spectra.
A contingent view of e‐collaboration and performance in manufacturing
Authors: Rosenzweig Eve D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractManufacturers are increasingly utilizing Internet‐based tools to more readily conduct collaborative activities with key business customers. While the emerging conventional wisdom suggests that the greater the extent to which manufacturers engage in Internet‐enabled commerce with downstream business customers the better the performance, we espouse an alternative view. Consistent with the relational view of competitive advantage and contingency theory, we develop a model and a series of hypotheses that specify how various product and market characteristics may influence the nature of the expected positive relationship between e‐collaboration and performance.To test the model, we collected data from 50 manufacturers using a Web‐based survey. Our partial least squares (PLS) analysis results do indeed support the notion that e‐collaboration is related to better operational and business performance. However, we go on to show that the strength of the relationship between e‐collaboration and operational performance diminishes as the level of environmental munificence increases. Notably, we found no such moderating effect with respect to the level of product complexity or market variability. Our findings contribute to the operations strategy literature on supply chain relationships in the e‐business arena and offer managers a framework for understanding the conditions under which investments in e‐collaboration may be more appropriate and therefore more beneficial.
Thin healthy women have a similar low bone mass to women with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Fernández-García D. , Rodríguez M. , García Alemán J. , García-Almeida J. M. , Picón M. J. , Fernández-Aranda F. , Tinahones F. J. 
Published: March 2009

An association between anorexia nerviosa (AN) and low bone mass has been demonstrated. Bone loss associated with AN involves hormonal and nutritional impairments, though their exact contribution is not clearly established. We compared bone mass in AN patients with women of similar weight with no criteria for AN, and a third group of healthy, normal-weight, age-matched women. The study included forty-eight patients with AN, twenty-two healthy eumenorrhoeic women with low weight (LW group; BMI < 18·5 kg/m2) and twenty healthy women with BMI >18·5 kg/m2 (control group), all of similar age. We measured lean body mass, percentage fat mass, total bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density in lumbar spine (BMD LS) and in total (tBMD). We measured anthropometric parameters, leptin and growth hormone. The control group had greater tBMD and BMD LS than the other groups, with no differences between the AN and LW groups. No differences were found in tBMD, BMD LS and total BMC between the restrictive (n 25) and binge–purge type (n 23) in AN patients. In AN, minimum weight (P = 0·002) and percentage fat mass (P = 0·02) explained BMD LS variation (r2 0·48) and minimum weight (r2 0·42; P = 0·002) for tBMD in stepwise regression analyses. In the LW group, BMI explained BMD LS (r2 0·72; P = 0·01) and tBMD (r2 0·57; P = 0·04). We concluded that patients with AN had similar BMD to healthy thin women. Anthropometric parameters could contribute more significantly than oestrogen deficiency in the achievement of peak bone mass in AN patients.