bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of oat bran products with and without supercritical carbon dioxide extraction
Authors: Stevenson David G. , Eller Fred J. , Radosavljević Milica , Jane Jay‐lin , Inglett George E. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMorphology, starch structures and thermal and pasting properties of oat bran concentrate (OBC) and Nutrim‐OB (NOB), a jet‐cooked oat bran product, with or without supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCD) were studied. Oil composition was analysed. OBC had three thermal transitions, starch gelatinisation and two amylose–lipid complex transitions. NOB only had amorphous amylose–lipid transition. SCD significantly decreased gelatinisation temperatures of OBC. Pasting properties, showed NOB had significantly higher peak viscosity and breakdown, with significantly lower final viscosity, setback and pasting temperature compared with OBC. SCD increased peak viscosity for NOB and final viscosity for OBC. Thermogravimetric analysis showed NOB had higher water‐holding capacity (WHC) than OBC, while SCD decreased WHC. Amylopectin molecular weight was 3.4 × 108 for OBC and was significantly lower for NOB (1.4 × 108). Predominant fatty acids were oleic (41%), linoleic (38%) and palmitic (16%). Study showed NOB had different properties from OBC thereby expanding industrial applications.
Medication therapy management services in community pharmacy: a pilot programme in HIV specialty pharmacies
Authors: Rosenquist Ashley , Best Brookie M. , Miller Teresa A. , Gilmer Todd P. , Hirsch Jan D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Pharmacist‐provided medication therapy management services (MTMS) have been shown to increase patient's adherence to medications, improve health outcomes and reduce overall medical costs. The purpose of this study was to describe a pilot programme that provided pharmacy‐based MTMS for patients with HIV/AIDS in the state of California, USA.Method  Pharmacists from the 10 pilot pharmacies were surveyed using an online data collection tool. Information was collected to describe the types of MTMS offered, proportion of patients actively using specific MTMS, pharmacist beliefs regarding effect on patient outcomes and barriers to providing MTMS, ability to offer MTMS without pilot programme funding and specialized pharmacist or staff training.Results  Each responding pharmacy (7 of 10) varied in the number of HIV/AIDS patients served and prescription volume. All pharmacists had completed HIV/AIDS‐related continuing education programmes, and some had other advanced training. The type of MTMS being offered varied at each pharmacy with ‘individualized counselling by a pharmacist when overuse or underuse was detected’ and ‘refill reminders by telephone’ being actively used by the largest proportion of patients. Most, but not all, pharmacists cited reimbursement as a barrier to MTMS provision. Pharmacists believed the MTMS they provide resulted in improved satisfaction (patient and provider), medication usage, therapeutics response and patient quality of life.Conclusion  The type of MTMS offered, and proportion of patients actively using, varied among participating pilot pharmacies.Pharmacists believed MTMS improved medication usage and patient outcomes, although availability of reimbursement to sustain MTMS was a concern. Further study of objective outcomes data is ongoing.
Kinetic Mechanism of the Exchanges Catalysed by the Adenine‐Nucleotide Carrier
Authors: DUYCKAERTS Claire , SLUSE‐GOFFART Claudine M. , FUX Jean‐Pierre , SLUSE Francis E. , LIEBECQ Claude 
Published: July 2010

Initial rates of the exchange ADPin/ADPoutcatalysed by the adenine‐nucleotide carrier of rat‐heart mitochondria have been studied under conditions where internal and external ADP may be varied. The initial rate was measured within 1 s by the carboxyatractyloside‐stop method, using a rapid‐mixing technique.The double‐reciprocal plotsV0−1versus [ADP]out−1at different internal‐ADP concentrations andV0−1versus [ADP]in−1at different external‐ADP concentrations exhibit straight‐line relationships having a common point of intersection on the axis of ordinates.These results demonstrate the essential role of a ternary complex and thus exclude the ping‐pong mechanism generally accepted. The kinetic equation implies a strong positive cooperativity in the binding of the two substrates.Two models are proposed: (a) the ternary complex performs the exchange and the transport of the substrates in a single step; (b) the carrier is mobile and transports the substrates one by one, the formation of a ternary complex being needed to release the first product.
Reconstitution of Liver NADH: Cytochromeb5Oxidoreductase and ofDesulfovibrio vulgarisFlavodoxin with 1‐Carba‐1‐deazaflavin
Authors: POMPON Denis , GUIARD Bernard , LEDERER Florence 
Published: July 2010

Flavin‐free cytochromeb5reductase was reconstituted with 1‐deazaflavin and 5‐deazaflavin mononucleotides and dinucleotides. The 5‐deazaenzyme functioned in transhydrogenation reactions but lacked electron transferase activity. The 1‐deazaenzyme was fully competent for both input and output reactions. The flavin reduction rate was lowered about sevenfold upon N‐1 substitution of FAD, but hydrogen abstraction from NADH remained the limiting step. Autoxidation of the reduced enzyme was more rapid than with the normal cofactor. Oxidation was accompanied by appearance of a transient blue‐type semiquinone and superoxide ion production.Flavin‐free apoflavodoxin was reconstituted with 1‐deaza‐1‐carbaflavin mononucleotide (1‐deaza‐FMN). Its behaviour toward dithionite and oxygen was qualitatively highly similar to that of native flavodoxin.These observations contrast with the fact that apoflavocytochromeb2could not be reconstituted with 1‐deaza‐FMN [Pompon, D. and Lederer, F. (1979)Eur. J. Biochem. 96, 571–579]. These results, as well as other data from the literature, are discussed in the light of existing hypotheses, which try to correlate flavin protein interactions and flavoprotein function.
Oxene Donors Yield Low‐Level Chemiluminescence with Microsomes and Isolated Cytochrome P‐450
Authors: CADENAS Enrique , SIES Helmut , GRAF Hermann , ULLRICH Volker 
Published: July 2010

Microsomes supplemented with different oxene donors yield light emission. The ability of oxene donors to support monooxygenation paralleled the observed chemiluminescence intensities, and the following order was observed: iodosobenzene > cumene hydroperoxide >t‐butyl hydroperoxide > H2O2. Pyridine‐N‐oxide, which was reported to be effective in the bacterial camphor monooxygenase, showed neitherO‐dealkylation of ethoxycoumarin nor chemiluminescence activity.Iodosobenzene‐induced chemiluminescence was not associated with high malondialdehyde accumulation, at variance witht‐butyl hydroperoxide, the lower light emission intensity of which was largely accompanied by lipid peroxidation, predominantly in a second phase of chemiluminescence. The ratio of maximal malondial‐dehyde formed/maximal chemiluminescence intensity was 30‐fold higher fort‐butyl hydroperoxide than for iodosobenzene.Low‐level chemiluminescence elicited by iodosobenzene was identified spectrally to be due, at least in part, to singlet oxygen, because of similar photoemission intensities at 634 nm and 703 nm (singlet oxygen dimol emission) and low intensity at 668 nm.Reducing equivalents to cytochrome P‐450, NADPH or NADH, exerted an inhibitory effect on iodosobenzene‐induced chemiluminescence. Aminopyrine, a substrate for microsomal monooxyganases, inhibited chemiluminescence, probably by favoring hydroxylation.Oxene donor‐supplemented isolated cytochrome P‐450 yielded low‐level chemiluminescence and the order of efficiency of the oxene donors mirrored that observed with intact microsomes.The fact that microsomes and ferricytochrome P‐450 supplemented with oxene donors yield chemiluminescence (identified partly as singlet oxygen dimol emission) is discussed in terms of heterolytic versus homolytic cleavage of theO‐Obond of hydroperoxides.
A Comparative Study of Citrate Efflux from Mitochondria of Oleaginous and Non‐oleaginous Yeasts
Authors: EVANS Christopher T. , SCRAGG Alan H. , RATLEDGE Colin 
Published: July 2010

Citrate efflux from mitochondria of 10 different yeasts was investigated.

Isolated mitochondria of all the yeasts show the possession of a carrier system for dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic anions, phosphate and pyruvate.
The tricarboxylate carrier is also specific for l‐malate in all 10 yeasts.
In citrate‐loaded mitochondria, citrate efflux and l‐malate uptake are directly proportional to the concentration of extramitochondrial l‐malate until the translocator becomes saturated (> 8 mM l‐malate in Candida curvata D).
Rates of citrate efflux in the presence of l‐malate are linear for a period of 2 min and are approximately 2.5‐times greater in oleaginous than in non‐oleaginous yeasts.
The malate‐citrate translocator has a significantly lower Km for l‐malate in oleaginous yeasts (∼ 4.0 mM) than in non‐oleaginous yeasts (∼ 8.4 mM).
Both pyruvate and phosphate appear to stimulate the malate‐citrate exchange in mitochondria of C. curvata D.
Oleginous yeast mitochondria contain 3—4‐times higher intramitochondrial citrate levels than non‐oleaginous yeast. In all these yeasts the enzymes for synthesis and metabolism of citrate were exclusively mitochondrial, the only exception being the possession of a cytosolic ATP; citrate lyase by oleaginous yeasts.
In metabolically active mitochondria, once the malate‐citrate carrie is saturated with l‐malate, efflux of citrate is directly proportional to the concentration of extramitochondrial pyruvate (as acetyl donor).
The rates of efflux of newly synthesised citrate from metabolically active mitochondria, in the presence of saturating l‐malate and pyruvate, are 6–8‐times greater in oleaginous yeasts and the citric‐acid‐producing yeast.
The inhibition of aconitase by fluorocitrate produced a ninefold increase in citrate efflux from non‐oleaginous yeast mitochondria but only a slight increase in oleaginous yeasts.
It is concluded that in fully functional yeast mitochondria, citrate efflux is limited by the amount of intra‐mitochondrial citrate made available to the citrate translocator for exchange.
Ca2+requirement of prostanoid but not of superoxide production by rat Kupffer cells
Authors: DIETER Peter , SCHULZE‐SPECKING Agnes , DECKER Karl 
Published: July 2010

The release of the prostanoids prostaglandin D2(PGD2), prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and thromboxane induced by zymosan and phorbol ester in cultured rat Kupffer cells was found to depend on the extracellular concentration of Ca2+to some extent. Prostanoid formation following the addition of the calcium ionophore A 23187 was totally inhibited when calcium ions were withdrawn from the medium whereas the prostanoid synthesis from added arachidonic acid was independent of Ca2+. A half‐maximal rate of PGE2release by cells treated with zymosan, phorbol ester or A23187 was obtained at 0.6–0.7 μM free extracellular Ca2+and ≥ 100 μM free Ca2+was required to stimulate PGE2formation maximally.The calmodulin antagonist R24571 partially inhibited the release of PGE2elicited by zymosan and A23187 but not by phorbol ester or arachidonic acid. Verapamil and nifedipine, two calcium channel blockers, had no effect on the formation of PGE2irrespective of the stimulus. TMB 8 [3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzoic acid 8‐(diethylamino)‐octyl ester] an intracellular calcium antagonist, inhibited the synthesis of PGE2induced by zymosan and phorbol ester.The superoxide formation following the addition of zymosan and phorbol ester was not influenced by removal of calcium ions from the medium or by addition of the various calcium antagonists. The data presented here suggest that Ca2+‐dependent reactions are involved in the synthesis of prostanoids induced by zymosan and phorbol ester and that both extracellular Ca2+and mobilization of Ca2+from intracellular stores are needed to induce maximally the production of prostanoids in cultured rat Kupffer cells.
Identification of novel brown midrib genes in maize by tests of allelism
Authors: Ali F. , Scott P. , Bakht J. , Chen Y. , Lübberstedt T. 
Published: July 2010

With 2 tables Abstract Brown midrib (bm) mutations are known to affect cell‐wall digestibility by altering the quantity and composition of lignins in cell walls, resulting in higher ethanol yield and increased cell‐wall digestibility. So far, four bm genes (bm1, bm2, bm3 and bm4) were identified and mapped in maize, the last one (bm4) in 1947. In this study, 13 spontaneous mutations (bm*A–M) resulting in the appearance of brown midribs were crossed with bm1–4 for tests of allelism. From these tests, we report two new bm mutants bm5 (bm*F) and bm6 (bm*J) while other bm* lines were either found allelic to bm1–4 or to one of the bm* lines.
Determining the professional behaviour of nurse executives
Authors: Hisar Filiz , Karadağ Ayise 
Published: July 2010

Hisar F, Karadağ A. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 335–341 Determining the professional behaviour of nurse executivesThis study was carried out with the aim of determining the professional behaviour of nurse executives. The sample of the study included 104 nurse executives working in university, state and private hospitals in Turkey. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which included demographic characteristics of nurses and a Behavioral Inventory Form for Professionalism in Nursing (BIPN). The questionnaire was filled out by the nurses. The BIPN results showed that the mean score of nurse executives was low. Although the scores of nurse executives who had completed postgraduate studies in nursing were the highest, those who had only completed an associate degree programme were the lowest. In conclusion, the professionalism scores for Turkish nurse executives were found to be low; recommendations for improving these scores were made.
Adverse events in Jordanian hospitals: Types and causes
Authors: Hayajneh Yaseen A , AbuAlRub Raeda F , Almakhzoomy Ibtihal K 
Published: July 2010

Hayajneh YA, AbuAlRub RF, Almakhzoomy IK. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 374–380 Adverse events in Jordanian hospitals: Types and causesAdverse events in health care have become an important issue for health‐care professionals, administrators, health policy‐makers, public and patients. Literature on adverse events in Jordan is scarce. The purpose of the study was (i) to identify the common types and major causes of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals from the nurses' perspective; and (ii) to estimate the frequency of adverse events in Jordanian hospitals. Qualitative and quantitative data regarding the perceived types, causes and incidence of adverse events were collected using a web‐based questionnaire. A total of 75 valid responses with qualitative and quantitative data were obtained. The results indicated (i) that medication errors, wrong diagnosis, hospital acquired infections, bed sores and falls were the most common types of adverse events; and (ii) that workload and inadequate staffing, technical performance, negligence and poor ethics, poor management, psychosocial job demands and written guidelines were the most common causes of adverse events. On average, participants in the study believed that adverse events occurred in about 28% of all hospital admissions. Nurse and hospital administrators and health policy‐makers should develop and institute effective strategies and polices to prevent or minimize the occurrence of adverse events.
Prospects for an asthma vaccine
Authors: ANDERSON Gary P. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe desire to create a vaccine that might prevent or cure asthma is irresistibly attractive and widely regarded as one of the main goals in translational asthma research. Several broad vaccination strategies, including immunotherapy against allergens or immunodominant peptide epitopes, induction of immune deviation using vaccines, exploiting adjuvant‐like immunomodulation, targeting of damaging cytokines or cells, provocation of directed cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, modification of antigen‐presenting cells to induce vaccine‐like effects and targeting of common infectious pathogens to reduce exacerbations, have demonstrated proof‐of‐principal in model systems, and some of these concepts have been tested clinically with tantalizing results. However, a poor understanding of asthma endotypes (molecular heterogeneity of pathways determining treatment responses), flawed assumptions about underlying immunopathogenic pathways (over‐reliance on the Th2 disease paradigm) and the lack of plasticity of well‐established immuno/inflammatory effector mechanisms continue to frustrate efforts to develop an asthma vaccine.
Fifth Joint Meeting of the American Urological Association and the Japanese Urological Association International Affiliate Society Meeting at the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association
Authors: Myers Robert P , Seki Narihito , Gotoh Momokazu , Chai Toby C , Kaplan Steven A , Inoue Keiji , Trachtenberg John , Kikuchi Eiji , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Chang Sam S , Lee Cheryl , Muto Satoru , Ito Kazuto , Andriole Gerald L , Eto Masatoshi , Sumitomo Makoto , Kamba Tomomi , Wood Chrsitopher G , Margulis Vitaly , Naito Seiji , Egawa Shin 
Published: July 2010

Preface:  We are heartily grateful for the warm support of all of the people concerned, including the moderators and panelists of both societies for giving us the opportunity to hold the 5th American Urological Association/Japanese Urological Association (AUA/JUA) International Affiliate Society Meeting, held once again at the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association (29 May–3 June 2010, San Francisco, California, USA). The year of 2010 is a memorable one, being the start of reciprocal collaborations between the AUA and the JUA. The JUA, in collaboration with the AUA, is promoting an academic exchange program whereby outstanding and promising Japanese and American junior faculty members will be given the opportunity to work in the USA and Japan for 1 month. The program not only allows the sharing of knowledge and experience, but also is designed to foster a closer alliance between the AUA and JUA, and assists in identifying future leaders within both organizations. The AUA and JUA will have an exhibit booth at each other's annual meeting, promoting our new joint activities. Both the JUA and AUA will organize educational courses in Hawaii in 2011. With all of these activities, the JUA hopes it will provide greater opportunities for young Japanese urologists to participate in educational projects in the USA. We would like to thank Professor Anton J. Bueschen, President of AUA, Professor Robert C Flanigan, Secretary General of AUA and the staff of the AUA and JUA for supporting our program. At the same time, we need the support of all the members and their valuable suggestions. We look forward to further participation of AUA members to this meeting.Seiji Naito md, President of JUAShin Egawa md, Chairman of the International Committee of JUA
Differential roles for CaM kinases in mediating excitation–morphogenesis coupling during formation and maturation of neuronal circuits
Authors: Takemoto‐Kimura Sayaka , Suzuki Kanzo , Kamijo Satoshi , Ageta‐Ishihara Natsumi , Fujii Hajime , Okuno Hiroyuki , Bito Haruhiko 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCa2+‐regulated reorganization of actin cytoskeleton is one of the key cell biological events that critically regulate neuronal morphogenesis during circuit formation, spinogenesis during synapse development, and activity‐dependent structural plasticity at mature synapses. However, it remains unclear as to what extent the underlying Ca2+signaling processes are shared or segregated. Here, we present evidence from the literature that collectively begins to suggest that distinct calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase (CaMK) isoforms are differentially expressed in time and in subcellular space, and thus may be selectively activated and engaged by distinct upstream stimuli; each CaMK isoform, in turn, couples to related, but separate, cytoskeletal and transcriptional regulatory pathways, dependent on its abundance or physical proximity with either the upstream or downstream signaling complexes. These signal transduction characteristics provide the basis for better understanding the role of excitation–morphogenesis coupling via multiple CaMKs during neuronal circuit and synapse formation.
Regulation of AMPA receptors by transmembrane accessory proteins
Authors: Díaz Elva 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRegulating the number and function of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors located at the postsynaptic density is a key mechanism underlying synaptic strength and plasticity. Thus, an active area of investigation is the discovery of accessory proteins that regulate AMPA receptor trafficking and biophysical properties. One decade ago, pioneering studies identified the transmembrane protein stargazin as a critical regulator of synaptic targeting of AMPA receptors in cerebellar granule neurons. Stargazin‐related family members called TARPs (transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins) are now recognized as essential auxiliary subunits for AMPA receptors that control both receptor trafficking and channel gating properties in a wide variety of neuronal cell types. Recent studies have identified a diverse array of additional accessory transmembrane proteins with distinct and overlapping functions compared with TARPs. Coupled with the wide variety of established cytoplasmic AMPA receptor accessory proteins, it is clear that AMPA receptor regulation encompasses a previously unrecognized diversity of molecular mechanisms.
Cyt toxin expression reveals an inverse regulation of insect and plant virulence factors of Dickeya dadantii
Authors: Costechareyre Denis , Dridi Bedis , Rahbé Yvan , Condemine Guy 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe plant pathogenic bacteria Dickeya dadantii is also a pathogen of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. The genome of the bacteria contains four cyt genes, encoding homologues of Bacillus thuringiensis Cyt toxins, which are involved in its pathogenicity to insects. We show here that these genes are transcribed as an operon, and we determined the conditions necessary for their expression. Their expression is induced at high temperature and at an osmolarity equivalent to that found in the plant phloem sap. The regulators of cyt genes have also been identified: their expression is repressed by H‐NS and VfmE and activated by PecS. These genes are already known to regulate plant virulence factors, but in an opposite way. When tested in a virulence assay by ingestion, the pecS mutant was almost non‐pathogenic while hns and vfmE mutants behaved in the same way as the wild‐type strain. Mutants of other regulators of plant virulence, GacA, OmpR and PhoP, that do not control Cyt toxin production, also showed reduced pathogenicity. In an assay by injection of bacteria, the gacA strain was less pathogenic but, surprisingly, the pecS mutant was slightly more virulent. These results show that Cyt toxins are not the only virulence factors required to kill aphids, and that these factors act at different stages of the infection. Moreover, their production is controlled by general virulence regulators known for their role in plant virulence. This integration could indicate that virulence towards insects is a normal mode of life for D. dadantii.