bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to and facilitators for creating, disseminating, implementing, monitoring and evaluating oral health policies in the WHO African region: A scoping review
Authors: Verdugo‐Paiva Francisca , Urquhart Olivia , Matanhire‐Zihanzu Cleopatra N. , Martins‐Pfeifer Carolina Castro , Booth Emmett , Booth H. Austin , Aljarahi Hind , Button John , Pinto‐Grunfeld Camila , Villanueva Julio , Kohler Iliana V. , Glick Michael , Carrasco‐Labra Alonso 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo advance oral health policies (OHPs) in the World Health Organization (WHO) African region, barriers to and facilitators for creating, disseminating, implementing, monitoring and evaluating OHPs in the region were examined.MethodsGlobal Health, Embase, PubMed, Public Affairs Information Service Index, ABI/Inform, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, Scopus, Dissertations Global, Google Scholar, WHO's Institutional Repository for Information Sharing (IRIS), the WHO Noncommunicable Diseases Document Repository and the Regional African Index Medicus and African Journals Online were searched. Technical officers at the WHO Regional Office for Africa were contacted. Research studies and policy documents reporting barriers to and facilitators for OHP in the 47 Member States in the WHO African region published between January 2002 and March 2024 in English, French or Portuguese were included. Frequencies were used to summarize quantitative data, and descriptive content analysis was used to code and classify barrier and facilitator statements.ResultsEighty‐eight reports, including 55 research articles and 33 policy documents, were included. The vast majority of the research articles and policy documents were country‐specific, but they were lacking for most countries. Frequently mentioned barriers across policy at all stages included financial constraints, a limited and poorly organized workforce, deprioritization of oral health, the absence of health information systems, inadequate integration of oral health services within the overarching health system and limited oral health literacy. Facilitators included a renewed commitment to establishing national OHPs, recognition of a need to diversify the oral health workforce, and an increased understanding of the influence of social determinants of health among oral health care providers.ConclusionsMost countries lack a country‐specific body of evidence to assist policymakers in anticipating barriers to and facilitators for OHPs. The barriers and facilitators relevant to disparate subnational, national, and regional conditions and circumstances must be considered to advance the creation, dissemination, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of OHPs in the WHO African region.
Developing Countries and Joint Statement Initiatives at the WTO: Damned if You Join, Damned if You Don't?
Authors: Azmeh Shamel 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTLimited progress in World Trade Organization (WTO) multilateral trade negotiations has led to calls to expand plurilateral processes through which groups of member states can negotiate new agreements. These calls have manifested in Joint Statement Initiatives (JSIs), covering issues such as investments and e‐commerce. To their proponents, JSIs offer a path to update rules and move towards flexible multilateralism. However, critics argue that JSIs marginalize developing countries and reinforce the dominance of advanced economies. Notwithstanding this criticism, a growing number of developing countries are joining these initiatives. Through data collected from in‐depth interviews with officials from 60 WTO member states, this article examines the drivers for growing JSI membership among developing countries. It illustrates that many are joining JSIs to avoid being excluded from agreements that might become binding in the future. While such membership is driven by fear of exclusion and the preference to ‘be in the room’, the negotiation processes of the JSIs often mean that developing countries have little actual influence over the negotiation outcomes. The article concludes that JSIs represent a significant change in the organization of multilateral trade negotiations and enable larger economies to restore their ‘go‐it‐alone power’ in multilateral trade governance.
A systematic review of the mechanisms influencing engagement in diabetes prevention programmes for people with pre‐diabetes
Authors: McMullen Britney , Duncanson Kerith , Collins Clare , MacDonald‐Wicks Lesley 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsTo identify barriers and enablers that influence engagement in and acceptability of diabetes prevention programmes for people with pre‐diabetes. The results will provide insights for developing strategies and recommendations to improve design and delivery of diabetes prevention programmes with enhanced engagement and acceptability for people with pre‐diabetes.MethodsThis review used a critical realist approach to examine context and mechanisms of diabetes prevention programmes. Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Cinahl, Web of Science, Scopus and Pre‐Medline were searched for English language studies published between 2000 and 2023. A quality assessment was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools.ResultsA total of 90 papers met inclusion criteria. The included studies used a variety of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Data extracted focused on barriers and enablers to engagement in and acceptability of diabetes prevention programmes, with seven key mechanisms identified. These included financial, environmental, personal, healthcare, social and cultural, demographic and programme mechanisms. Findings highlighted diverse factors that influenced engagement in preventive programmes and the importance of considering these factors when planning, developing and implementing future diabetes prevention programmes.ConclusionsMechanisms identified in this review can inform design and development of diabetes prevention programmes for people with pre‐diabetes and provide guidance for healthcare professionals and policymakers. This will facilitate increased participation and engagement in preventive programmes, potentially reducing progression and/or incidence of pre‐diabetes to type 2 diabetes and improving health outcomes.
Clonality and limited population diversity of Fusarium circinatum in Colombia
Authors: Ceriani C. , Wingfield M. J. , Fru F. , van Wyk S. , Rodas C. , Wingfield B. D. , Steenkamp E. T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFusarium circinatum is an important fungal pathogen of Pinus species utilized in commercial forestry worldwide. In Colombia, it was first found on nursery plants and later in plantations associated with basal cankers on young trees. In this study, we explored the population diversity of the pathogen in Colombia by analyzing 136 isolates collected from diseased nursery plants (2005–2007) and plantation trees (2017 and 2020). These were sourced from different geographical regions and Pinus species. Genotyping was performed using 10 microsatellite markers, while mating types were identified with PCRs targeting the MAT1 locus. Using microsatellites, a total of 33 multilocus haplotypes were detected. Genetic diversity indices showed low levels of diversity in both the overall collection and in specific collection groupings. The data also suggested that a small number of isolates had unique origins in the country (p < .05), and relatively low levels of population differentiation were detected between the nursery and plantation collections. All the isolates were scored as having the MAT1‐1 mating type, and no evidence for the random association among microsatellite alleles (p = .0001) was found. Overall, these data suggest that F. circinatum was introduced into Colombia a small number of times, likely on seed for nursery production. Furthermore, the data also indicate that the pathogen has spread from nurseries to the plantations via asexual reproduction and on asymptomatic plants. This has resulted in a highly clonal F. circinatum population in Colombia that has resulted from accidental introductions of the pathogen into a production nursery.
Genetic assessment of eight zoo populations of golden snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) implication to the conservation management of captive populations
Authors: Luo Jinxia , Cai Yansen , Xie Yuchen , Jin Xianlin , Yu Jianqiu , Xu Mei , Liu Xuanzhen , Li Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCaptive breeding programs play an important role in preserving the genetic diversity of endangered species. It is of utmost importance to conduct genetic assessment for captive populations in order to develop scientific breeding plans and conservation management strategies. Here, we genotyped 10 microsatellite loci and sequenced 368 bp of mitochondrial DNA control region for the golden snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) from eight captive populations in China, and compared the genetic indices of captive populations with a wild population. Meanwhile, we performed paternity tests to verify the genealogical records and established genetic lineages. A total of 157 individuals were identified from 161 fecal samples, including 135 captive individuals (approximately 25% of captive individuals in China). Microsatellite analysis showed that the nine populations had moderate levels of genetic diversity, with polymorphism information content (PIC) ranging from 0.43 to 0.542; the genetic diversity of captive populations (average PIC: 0.503) was slightly higher than that of the wild population (PIC: 0.438). The Structure analysis indicated that individuals of the eight captive populations contained two different genetic components. We conducted either single‐blind or double‐blind paternity testing on 40 offspring of captive individuals and found that five offspring from two zoos (Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo and Shanghai Wild Animal Park) showed discrepant kinships from their pedigree records, probably due to the inaccuracies in pedigree records. By constructing genetic pedigrees, inbred offspring were found in Beijing Zoo, Shanghai Zoo, Hangzhou Zoo, and Chengdu Zoo. Analysis based on mitochondrial DNA showed a high level of genetic diversity in the eight captive populations (mean nucleotide diversity: 0.047). However, no nucleotide diversity was found in the wild population. This study conducted a genetic survey for captive golden snub‐nosed monkeys and will significantly benefit the genetic conservation management for captive populations in the future.
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune: Exploring resilience in the third sector
Authors: Hyndman Noel , Lapsley Irvine , Liguori Mariannuziata 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis Special Issue is based on a selection of papers initially presented at the conference on “Resilience and the Third Sector” (Institute of Public Sector Accounting Research, University of Edinburgh, November 2022). The third sector is pervasive in most societies and makes a distinctive and widely‐recognized contribution to the public good by building social capital, frequently affording a foundation for social cohesiveness. However, it is a fragile sector that is significantly affected by crises (the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune). These have the potential to curtail the capacity of third‐sector organizations (TSOs) to deliver societal benefits and, in the most extreme cases, even threaten their survival. Given this, the resilience of TSOs (albeit this term has multiple layers and manifold meanings) is critical. This paper explores a range of connotations linked to third‐sector resilience and explores contemporary evidence (including the papers in this Special Issue) as to how the sector identifies, manages, and learns from crises. In addition, it provides a brief outline research agenda as a basis for encouraging researchers to focus on resilience in TSOs and enhance knowledge. It is argued that more rigorous, evidence‐based research of this nature has the potential to positively influence practice in the sector, as well as policy formulation by government and others who steer TSOs.
Association between milk consumption in middle age and frailty in later life: The Aichi Workers' cohort study
Authors: Hong Young Jae , Otsuka Rei , Song Zean , Fukuda Chisato , Tajima Rina , Lin Jingyi , Hibino Mizuho , Kobayashi Mei , He Yupeng , Matsunaga Masaaki , Ota Atsuhiko , Nakano Yoshihisa , Li Yuanying , Tamakoshi Koji , Yatsuya Hiroshi 
Published: June 2024

AimSeveral studies have shown that dairy consumption in old age is effective in preventing frailty. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the association between milk consumption during middle age and the development of frailty in old age. Therefore, we carried out an investigation to explore the association between milk consumption during middle age and development of frailty examined after over 15 years of follow up in a long‐term cohort study in Japan.MethodsWe studied 265 participants aged 60–79 years (212 men and 53 women) in 2018, who participated in both the baseline survey in 2002 and the frailty assessment in 2018. The amount of milk consumption (g/day) at baseline was age‐ and energy‐adjusted, and classified into three categories (no, low and high consumption: 0 g/day, ≤135.86 g/day, >135.86 g/day in men and 0 g/day, ≤126.44 g/day, >126.44 g/day in women). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prefrailty/frailty after adjusting for lifestyles at baseline, stratified by sex, were estimated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of prefrailty/frailty in 2018 was 37.7% and 28.3% in men and women, respectively. Milk consumption categories were inversely associated with the prevalence of prefrailty/frailty in men (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14–0.84 in low consumption; OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.10–0.95 in high consumption; P < 0.05), but not in women (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.11–2.65; P = 0.44).ConclusionsIn this study, milk intake in middle‐aged men was inversely associated with the prevalence of prefrailty/frailty later in life. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 700–705.
Factors associated with malnutrition among older people in Swedish short‐term care: Poor oral health, dysphagia and mortality
Authors: Lindqvist Susanne , Olai Lena , Hägglund Patricia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between malnutrition and potential contributing factors such as poor oral health, dysphagia and mortality among older people in short‐term care.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study is a part of the multidisciplinary multicentre project SOFIA (Swallowing function, Oral health and Food Intake in old Age), which includes older people (≥65 years) in 36 short‐term care units in five regions of Sweden. Nutritional status was measured with version II of the Minimal Eating Observation and Nutrition Form (MEONF‐II), oral health with the Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG), dysphagia with a water swallow test, and the mortality rate was followed for 1 year. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis and logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios for the association between malnutrition and these factors.ResultsAmong the 391 participants, the median age was 84 years and 53.3% were women. Mortality rate was 25.1% within 1 year in the total group, and was higher among malnourished participants than among their well‐nourished counterparts. Severe dysphagia (OR: 6.51, 95% CI: 2.40–17.68), poor oral health (OR: 5.73, 95% CI: 2.33–14.09) and female gender (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.24–3.93) were independently associated with malnutrition.ConclusionMortality rate was higher among malnourished people than those who were well nourished. Severe dysphagia, poor oral health and female gender was predictors of malnutrition among older people in short‐term care. These health risks should be given more attention in short‐term care with early identification.
Advancing the dual learning system in Kazakhstan: Perspectives of agri‐business sector employers
Authors: Bulasheva Ainur , Gadanakis Yiorgos , Rahman Sanzidur 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe dual learning system gained prominence as part of the education system in Kazakhstan, involving training students in close collaboration with businesses to equip them with the skills and expertise needed for a modern workforce. This study contributes to existing literature examining the adoption and implementation of German‐originated training practices in developing countries using an empirical evaluation of the performance of the dual learning system and traditional education in the Kazakhstani agri‐food business sector based on perceptions of businesses, their attitudes and motivation for participation. A qualitative methodology based on the Expectancy Theory of Motivation was utilized by implementing Focus Group Discussions with employers of 19 businesses of different sizes. Results showed that while certain businesses implementing dual learning excel in attracting skilled professionals, most employers highlight hesitance among younger individuals to pursue careers in the agri‐food sector. Small businesses mainly encounter difficulties in effectively communicating the benefits of working in the sector, coping with high costs, and grappling with uncertainties surrounding the retention of graduates. Managerial and policy recommendations from the study include incentivizing businesses for data sharing on the implementation of dual learning, facilitating graduate retention support and standardizing training conditions.
Impairment of Gal‐9 and Tim‐3 crosstalk between Tregs and Th17 cells drives tobacco smoke‐induced airway inflammation
Authors: Qiu Shilin , Zhou Guang , Ke Junyi , Zhou Jianpeng , Zhang Hui , Jin Zhitao , Xie Wenli , Huang Shu , He Zaiqin , Qin Huajiao , Huang Hui , Li Qiuming , Huang Hongchun , Tang Haijuan , Liang Yi , Duan Minchao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOverexpression of T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin‐domain containing‐3 (TIM‐3) on T cells has been observed in smokers. However, whether and how galectin‐9 (Gal‐9)/TIM‐3 signal between T‐regulatory cells (Tregs) and type 17 helper (Th17) cells contributes to tobacco smoke‐induced airway inflammation remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the role of the Gal‐9/TIM‐3 signal between Tregs and Th17 cells during chronic tobacco smoke exposure. Tregs phenotype and the expression of TIM‐3 on CD4+ T cells were detected in a mouse model of experimental emphysema. The role of TIM‐3 in CD4+ T cells was explored in a HAVCR2−/− mouse model and in mice that received recombinant anti‐TIM3. The crosstalk between Gal‐9 and Tim‐3 was evaluated by coculture Tregs with effector CD4+ T cells. We also invested the expression of Gal‐9 in Tregs in patients with COPD. Our study revealed that chronic tobacco smoke exposure significantly reduces the frequency of Tregs in the lungs of mice and remarkably shapes the heterogeneity of Tregs by downregulating the expression of Gal‐9. We observed a pro‐inflammatory but restrained phenotypic transition of CD4+ T cells after tobacco smoke exposure, which was maintained by TIM‐3. The restrained phenotype of CD4+ T cells was perturbed when TIM‐3 was deleted or neutralised. Tregs from the lungs of mice with emphysema displayed a blunt ability to inhibit the differentiation and proliferation of Th17 cells. The inhibitory function of Tregs was partially restored by using recombinant Gal‐9. The interaction between Gal‐9 and TIM‐3 inhibits the differentiation of Th17 cells and promotes apoptosis of CD4+ T cells, possibly by interfering with the expression of retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor gamma t. The expression of Gal‐9 in Tregs was reduced in patients with COPD, which was associated with Th17 response and lung function. These findings present a new paradigm that impairment of Gal‐9/Tim‐3 crosstalk between Tregs and Th17 cells during chronic tobacco smoke exposure promotes tobacco smoke‐induced airway/lung inflammation.
Time to wound closure in facial soft tissue injuries following road traffic accidents
Authors: Hamzah Muhammad Asyraf , Rahman Normastura Abd , Ramli Roszalina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe 6‐hour (6‐h) time to wound closure was a controversial issue as studies have shown that time was not a substantial factor. Wounds in the face are often considered to have a lower infection risk. Despite this, the cause of injury was not extensively discussed in relation to this context. The primary objective was to investigate the association between the 6‐h time to wound closure and wound complications following emergency management of facial soft tissue injuries (STIs). Additionally, the secondary objective was to explore other factors contributing to wound complications. A retrospective record review was conducted in our hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021. Medical records of patients with facial STIs due to road traffic accidents were included. Simple random sampling was used to select records meeting inclusion criteria. Data on demographic, injury, and treatment characteristics were collected using a standardized proforma. Descriptive, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, including chi‐square tests and binary logistic regression. A total of 295 patient records were included, with most patients being males (77.3%) and of Malay ethnicity (54.9%). The median age was 31.0 years. Majority of patients were treated within 6 h of injury (93.9%). Complications were documented in 6.1% of cases, including wound dehiscence and infection. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between 6‐h time to closure and wound complications (OR: 7.53, 95% CI: 1.90–29.81, p = 0.004). Grade of surgeon on duty (OR: 4.61, 95% CI: 1.25–16.95, p = 0.02) and diabetes mellitus (OR: 6.12, 95% CI: 1.23–30.38, p = 0.03) were also shown to have a statistically significant association with wound complications. A 6‐h time to wound closure, grade of surgeon on duty and diabetes mellitus were three major factors involved in facial wound complications following road traffic accidents.
Bi(III)‐based oxide semiconductors with ambipolar doping: (Na, K)BiO2
Authors: Jang Hyunwoo , Shim Seungwon , Son Junwoo , Kang Youngho 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBi(III)‐based oxides are emerging as important semiconductors for future electronic applications. Through hybrid density functional theory calculations and defect analysis, we demonstrate that ABi(III)O2 (A = Na or K) is a promising wide‐band‐gap bipolar semiconductor. Our calculations predict ABiO2 to have a large band gap of 1.97 eV for NaBiO2 and 2.77 eV for KBiO2. Unlike widely‐used oxide semiconductors such as In2O3 and ZnO, the spatially extended cation states (Bi 6s) of ABiO2 significantly contribute to the valence band maximum, enhancing p‐type dopability. We indeed show that potential acceptors, such as SrBi, produce shallow levels. In addition, n‐type doping is found to be possible through the extrinsic doping of heterovalent elements such as Te and F. The band‐structure analysis reveals that ABiO2 has small effective masses for electrons and holes (< 1m0 where m0 is the electron rest mass), indicating favorable electron and hole transport properties.