bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the Loss of Precipitation Strengthening in Modern 9-12% Cr Steels – A Numerical Approach
Authors: Holzer I. , Kozeschnik E. , Cerjak H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The creep resistance of 9-12% Cr steels is significantly influenced by the presence and stability of different precipitate populations. Numerous secondary phases grow, coarsen and, sometimes, dissolve again during heat treatment and service. Based on the software package MatCalc, the evolution of these precipitates during the thermal treatment of the COST 522 steel CB8 is simulated from the cooling process after cast solidification to heat treatment and service up to the aspired service life time of 100.000h. On basis of the results obtained from these simulations in combination with a newly implemented model for evaluation of the maximum threshold stress by particle strengthening, the strengthening effect of each individual precipitate phase, as well as the combined effect of all phases is evaluated - a quantification of the influence of Z-Phase formation on the long-term creep behaviour is thus made possible. This opens a wide field of application for alloy development and leads to a better understanding of the evolution of microstructural components as well as the mechanical properties of these complex alloys.
High Chromium Steel Forgings for Steam Turbines at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Blaes N. , Donth B. , Bokelmann D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The global transition toward high-efficiency steam power plants demands increasingly advanced steel rotor forgings capable of operating at temperatures of 600°C and above. The European Cost program has been instrumental in developing creep-resistant 10%-chromium steels for these critical applications, with Steel Cost E emerging as a prominent material now widely utilized in steam turbine shafts and experiencing significant market growth. Saarschmiede has pioneered a robust, fail-safe manufacturing procedure for Cost E rotors, establishing a comprehensive database of mechanical properties and long-term performance data that enhances turbine design reliability. The company has expanded its manufacturing capabilities to include Cost F rotor forgings for high-pressure and intermediate-pressure turbines, with component weights reaching up to 44 tonnes. Investigating methods to further increase application temperatures, researchers within the Cost program discovered the potential benefits of boron additions to 10%-chromium steels. Leveraging this insight, Saarschmiede has produced full-size trial rotors to develop and refine production procedures, with these prototype components currently undergoing extensive testing to validate their performance and potential for advanced high-temperature applications.
Materials and Component Development for Advanced Turbine Systems
Authors: Alvin M. A. , Pettit F. , Meier G. , Yanar N. , Chyu M. , Mazzotta D. , Slaughter W. , Karaivanov V. , Kang B. , Feng C. , Chen R. , Fu T-C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In order to meet the 2010-2020 DOE Fossil Energy goals for Advanced Power Systems, future oxy-fuel and hydrogen-fired turbines will need to be operated at higher temperatures for extended periods of time, in environments that contain substantially higher moisture concentrations in comparison to current commercial natural gas-fired turbines. Development of modified or advanced material systems, combined with aerothermal concepts are currently being addressed in order to achieve successful operation of these land-based engines. To support the advanced turbine technology development, the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has initiated a research program effort in collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh (UPitt), and West Virginia University (WVU), working in conjunction with commercial material and coating suppliers as Howmet International and Coatings for Industry (CFI), and test facilities as Westinghouse Plasma Corporation (WPC) and Praxair, to develop advanced material and aerothermal technologies for use in future oxy-fuel and hydrogen-fired turbine applications. Our program efforts and recent results are presented.
The Role of Minor Compositional Variations in the Oxidation Behavior of Chromium-Molybdenum Steels
Authors: Singh Raman R.K. , Al-Mazrouee A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Oxide scale growth kinetics of 1.25Cr-0.5Mo and 2.25Cr-1Mo steels have been investigated and oxide scales have been characterized. In spite of the considerable difference in chromium contents of the two steels, their oxidation kinetics have been found to be similar. The similarity in oxidation behavior has been associated with formation of a protective innermost layer of silicon rich oxide in the case of 1.25Cr-0.5Mo steel and absence of such a layer in the case of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, suggesting predominating role of Si over Cr.
The Heat Affected Zone of Boron Alloyed Creep Resistant 9% Chromium Steels and their Susceptibility to Type IV Cracking
Authors: Mayr P. , Cerjak H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In thermal power plants, weldments of all currently used martensitic 9% chromium steels are prone to Type IV cracking in the fine-grained region of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). Japanese researchers have introduced a new martensitic steel for ultra-supercritical (USC) steam conditions that demonstrates resistance to Type IV cracking. This study compares a modified version of this boron-nitrogen balanced advanced 9Cr-3W-3Co steel with CB2, the most promising 9% Cr steel developed through the European research initiative COST, in terms of weldability. The HAZ was analyzed using the "Heat-Affected Zone Simulation" technique with a Gleeble 1500 thermo-mechanical simulator. Basic optical microscopy was complemented by advanced electron microscopy techniques, including energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Phase transformations in the HAZ were directly observed using in situ X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) of Argonne National Laboratory, IL, USA. Although both steels exhibited similar transformation behavior, their resulting microstructures after the weld thermal cycle differed significantly. At peak temperatures above 1200°C, delta ferrite formed and remained stable down to room temperature due to rapid cooling in both steels. While CB2 exhibited conventional coarse-grained (CG), fine-grained (FG), and intercritical HAZ regions, the boron-nitrogen balanced 9Cr steel did not develop a fine-grained HAZ. Since Type IV cracking primarily occurs in the FGHAZ, this alloy shows strong potential for eliminating Type IV cracking as a major life-limiting factor in heat-resistant steel weldments.
The Evaluation of Scholarly Activities in the Field of Law from the Viewpoint of the Central European Region
Authors: Garayová Lilla , Nagy Zoltán , Radvan Michal , Staničić Frane , Stec Piotr , Szilágyi János Ede , Tubić Bojan 
Published: February 2025

The essay summarises the experiences of a conference held on 28 January 2022. The conference was about the scientific rating of law journals and focused primarily on the evaluation of the situation in Central and Eastern European countries. In particular, the authors stressed the specificities of jurisprudence in comparison with the natural sciences and the role of language and national culture in this context. In particular, they consider it important that these specificities of law are reflected in scientific rating systems. The authors also provide some good examples from the region and suggestions that they wouldlike to see considered in the development and reform of national science rating systems.
A study on the differences in the gut microbiota and metabolism between male and female mice in different stress periods
Authors: Qiao Yajun , Guo Juan , Xiao Qi , Wang Jianv , Zhang Xingfang , Liang Xinxin , Wei Lixin , Bi Hongtao , Gao Tingting 
Published: February 2025

The sex difference in depression has long been an unsolved issue. Women are twice as likely to suffer from depression as men. However, there were significant differences in the composition of gut microbiota between women and men. There is a lack of studies linking sex differences in depression to microbiota, and the specific mechanisms of this process have not been explained in detail. The main purpose of this study was to explore the gender differences in the intestinal tract of male and female depressed mice. In this study, chronic restraint stress (CRS) mouse models were used to simulate chronic stress, and behavioral tests were conducted, including the open field test (OFT), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). Microbial diversity analysis and metabolomics were performed on collected mouse feces. The results showed that female mice were highly active and prone to anxious behavior before stress, and the levels of f-Rikenellaceae, f-Ruminococcaceae and 16α-hydroxyestrone were significantly different from those in male mice. After 21 days (Days) of stress, female mice showed depression-like behavior, and the levels of f-Erysipelotrichaceae, 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione, and 2-hydroxyestradiol were significantly different from those in male mice. After 14 days of stress withdrawal, the depression-like behavior continued to worsen in female mice, and the levels of 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione, estrone glucuronide and f-Erysipelotrichaceae were significantly different from those in male mice. In summary, female mice have stronger stress sensitivity and weaker resilience than male mice, which may be related to differences in bacterial diversity and estrogen metabolism disorders.
Disruption of zinc homeostasis reverses tigecycline resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Wang Jinyu , Xia Cuiping , Xia Zhaoxin , Shen Jilu 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionZinc exhibits potent antimicrobial properties due to its ability to compromise bacterial structure and protein functionality, effectively inhibiting and eradicating bacteria. However, bacteria have evolved mechanisms to expel excess zinc ions from their cells, enabling them to thrive in environments rich in metal ions at high concentrations. This evolutionary advancement limits the clinical application of metal ions as antimicrobial agents. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of zinc ionophores to overcome bacterial resistance by elevating intracellular zinc ion levels.MethodsWe employed the zinc ionophore PBT2 to elevate intracellular zinc ion levels in Klebsiella pneumoniae, a bacterium known for its resistance to various antibiotics. By treating K. pneumoniae with PBT2, we aimed to assess its impact on bacterial resistance to tigecycline, an antibiotic commonly used in clinical settings. The changes in intracellular zinc ion levels, superoxide dismutase activity, reactive oxygen species concentration, and cell wall synthesis pathway were monitored to evaluate the mechanism of action of PBT2.ResultsOur results revealed that PBT2 successfully reversed the resistance of K. pneumoniae to tigecycline. Specifically, PBT2 increased the concentration of intracellular zinc ions in K. pneumoniae, leading to a suppression of superoxide dismutase activity within the cell and an elevation of reactive oxygen species concentration. These changes impaired the oxidative stress response of the bacteria. Additionally, the disruption of zinc homeostasis significantly inhibited the cell wall synthesis pathway in K. pneumoniae, potentially restricting the efflux pump mechanism that predominantly drives tigecycline resistance.DiscussionThe findings of this study pave the way for innovative strategies and approaches in the clinical development of novel antimicrobial agents. By using zinc ionophores such as PBT2 to elevate intracellular zinc ion levels, we can overcome bacterial resistance to antibiotics like tigecycline. The suppression of superoxide dismutase activity and elevation of reactive oxygen species concentration suggest that PBT2 impairs the oxidative stress response of K. pneumoniae, further enhancing its susceptibility to antibiotics. Furthermore, the inhibition of the cell wall synthesis pathway and restriction of the efflux pump mechanism provide additional mechanisms by which PBT2 reverses antibiotic resistance. These results highlight the potential of zinc ionophores as a novel class of antimicrobial agents and warrant further investigation into their clinical applications.
Relationship between personality traits and spontaneous coronary artery dissection risk: evidence from Mendelian randomization
Authors: Zheng Kun , Wu Mengdi , Wang Junhua , Sun Jinjin , Li Yuqian , Wang Peng , Zhang Zhiyue , Pan Xiuming , Yang Yifeng , Li Tianqi , Guo Yujie 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundSpontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) significantly contributes to myocardial infarction among young individuals. Despite the elusive nature of its etiology, empirical evidence indicates a substantial correlation between sociopsychological factors and the disorder. This investigation endeavored to discern a genetic basis for personality traits influencing SCAD susceptibility.MethodsBidirectional univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were hereby conducted to investigate the putative causal nexus between personality dimensions and SCAD risk. Besides, data regarding SCAD and personality were extracted from expansive genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and rigorous statistical inferences were made using inverse variance weighting (IVW) and ancillary methodologies. Additionally, sensitivity evaluations were performed to bolster statistical assertions.ResultsUnivariate MR analyses indicated heightened neuroticism scores as harbingers of increased SCAD risk [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.31, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.08–1.60, P = 0.007], while other personality characteristics revealed no causal interplay with SCAD. After excluding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) confounded by extrinsic variables, the association of neuroticism scores with SCAD susceptibility persisted. These findings were further substantiated by multivariate MR analyses.ConclusionsIn summary, this study identified a significant association between genetically predicted neuroticism scores and an elevated risk of SCAD. However, additional investigation is still required to elucidate the biological underpinnings of this relationship, as well as the impact of gender, environmental influences, and other contributing factors.
Prognostic value of the lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with the first-line PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy
Authors: Luo Meifeng , Wei Huiting , Qiu Moqin , Su Cuiyun , Ning Ruiling , Zhou Shaozhang 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of pretreatment lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio (LAR) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with first-line programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy at Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis determined the optimal LAR cutoff values for prediction. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified independent prognostic factors, and survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Subgroup analysis evaluated the association between high LAR and disease progression and death risk.ResultsA total of 210 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 58.56 ± 10.61 years and a male proportion of approximately 79.05%. ROC analysis found the optimal LAR cutoff value was 5.0, resulting in a sensitivity of 78.87% and a specificity of 44.6% (area under the ROC curve 0.622; P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant positive association between LAR and overall survival (OS) after adjusting for confounders (HR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.25-3.96, P = 0.007). Subgroup analysis confirmed the relationship between high LAR and the risk of disease progression and death across all patient subgroups.ConclusionsPretreatment LAR may be a potential independent prognostic marker for advanced NSCLC patients receiving PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy. A large-scale, prospective study is necessary to confirm these findings.
A nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine prevents enterovirus A71 infection in mouse model
Authors: Chi Fengyu , Zhang Xu , Zhang Dong , Zhu Airu , Zhuang Zhen , Zhang Zhaoyong , Zhang Zhenjie , Quan Chuansong , Nie Kaixiao , Li Juan , Yin Chunhong , Tong Jie , Li Yuming 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionHuman Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is the primary pathogen responsible for severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Vaccination plays a crucial role in controlling its spread. Although inactivated vaccines have been approved, there is growing interest in developing new candidates using advanced platforms. mRNA vaccines, widely used for enveloped viruses, are less studied for non-enveloped viruses like EV-A71. This study investigates the potential of an mRNA vaccine targeting the EV-A71 VP1 protein.MethodsA nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine encoding the VP1 protein of EV-A71, encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), was developed. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy were evaluated in BALB/c and neonatal A129 mice, respectively. Immune responses were assessed by ELISA, micro-neutralization assays, ELISpot, and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS). Passive protection was tested by transferring immune sera to neonatal mice challenged with EV-A71.ResultsThe VP1 mRNA-LNP vaccine elicited robust humoral and cellular immunity, including high levels of VP1-specific IgG, neutralizing antibodies, and a Th1-biased T-cell response. Notably, the mRNA vaccine outperformed the inactivated vaccine in eliciting cellular immunity. Immune sera provided complete protection against lethal EV-A71 challenge, significantly reducing viral load and pathology.DiscussionThis study demonstrates that the mRNA vaccine exhibits significant potential for combating non-enveloped viruses. These findings highlight the promising role of mRNA platforms in advancing vaccine development against non-enveloped viral pathogens, offering new avenues for future research and clinical applications.
Prevalence of gastroparesis symptoms and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in West Bank in Palestine: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Asad Diya , Zreqat Qusai , Idais Shahd , Hussein Bara'ah , Ayyad Alaa , Hunjul Marah , AbuGharbieh Hamzeh M. I. , Neiroukh Haroun , Zuhour Areen , AbuKhalaf Salsabeel , Al-Atrash Nour , Alzughayyar Roa , Njoum Yumna , Hallak Hussein 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionDiabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is defined as delayed gastric emptying without any mechanical obstruction in diabetic patients.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using an Arabic-validated translated version of the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI). A total of 3,542 diabetic patients were interviewed, of whom 91.6% were finally included in the analysis.ResultsDGP symptoms were present in 14.5% of the study population, of which 10.2% had a GCSI score of severe disease. Further analysis of individuals with GCSI scores≥1.9 (14.5%; 470) revealed that 50.8% of them visited a doctor at least once, and 18% had been hospitalized due to DGP symptoms. However, only nine patients (1.9%) were diagnosed with DGP. The most common symptoms were stomach fullness and early satiety. The binary regression model showed that DGP symptoms were more likely to occur in patients who had diabetes for &gt;10 years and glycosylated hemoglobin &gt;9. Furthermore, the model revealed that females were at a higher risk of developing DGP.DiscussionThis was the first study in Palestine on DGP, which showed that the condition is underdiagnosed. This is not only because of the unavailability of standard diagnostic methods but also due to the under appreciation of gastrointestinal complaints in diabetic patients.
Vegetation types shape the soil micro-food web compositions and soil multifunctionality in Loess Plateau
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Kang Wenjuan , He Renyuan , Li Guang , Luo Zhuzhu 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionVegetation degradation and soil erosion are severe problems in the Loess hilly region, rendering it one of the most ecologically vulnerable areas in China and globally. Vegetation restoration has been recognized as an effective approach to amending the fragile ecological environment and restoring degraded ecosystems.MethodsThe effects of different vegetation types: Caragana korshinskii, Prunus armeniaca L., Pinus tabuliformis Carrière, Medicago sativa L., and the control vegetation Stipa bungeana on soil micro-food webs and soil multifunctionality, as well as their response mechanisms to soil environmental drivers, were investigated using High-throughput sequencing technology.ResultsC. korshinskii significantly enhanced soil physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities by facilitating the stability of the soil micro-food web structure driven by soil bacteria and fungi and increasing the soil multifunctionality in contrast to S. bungeana. Prunus armeniaca also improved soil multifunctionality by promoting soil organic carbon and alkaline phosphatase activity. However, the stability of the soil micro-food web structure and soil multifunctionality were suboptimal in P. tabuliformis and M. sativa. Soil pH, along with carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling nutrients and enzymes, profoundly influences the structure of the soil micro-food web and soil multifunctionality; among these factors, those related to the carbon and phosphorus cycles are identified as key influencing factors.DiscussionTherefore, a vegetation restoration strategy prioritizing C. korshinskii as the dominant vegetation type, supplemented by P. armeniaca, significantly impacts restoring soil multifunctionality and stabilizing the soil micro-food web in Loess hill regions and comparable ecological areas.