bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature‐Induced Modifications in Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite: Effects on Acidity and Catalytic Acetalization
Authors: Muhammad Riaz , Al‐Muqati Naif S. , Schulz Axel , Alessa Abdulmalik , Al‐Otabi Raja , Osman Ahmed I. , Al‐Fatesh Ahmed S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the acid modification of natural zeolite clinoptilolite, focusing on the identification of acid site types and their catalytic activity in the Brønsted acid‐catalyzed acetalization of benzaldehyde with 1,3‐butanediol. Following calcination, the samples underwent acidification via ammonium‐ion exchange, resulting in approximately 45 % of the clinoptilolite cations being exchanged with ammonium ions. The investigation evaluates the structural, morphological, and textural alterations induced by this modification using XRD, FTIR, and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption measurements. Ammonia‐temperature‐programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD) analysis confirms the presence of medium to strong acidic protons, highlighting the acidity of the modified samples. Employing 27Al and 29Si magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy elucidated changes in the state and coordination of aluminum post‐sample activation. Specifically, the 27Al MAS NMR spectra indicate a partial dealumination, evidenced by the emergence of 5 and 6‐fold coordinated aluminum. Moreover, 29Si MAS NMR measurements tracked variations in the Si/Al ratio. The study probes the nature of these sites, their influence on catalytic activity, and the synergistic interplay between Brønsted acid sites and 5‐fold coordinated aluminum. The results showcase that the prepared acidic natural clinoptilolite catalysts augment acidity and porosity, fostering promising implications for catalytic applications.
Switchable Regioselective C−H Activation/Annulation of Acrylamides with Alkynes for the Synthesis of 2‐Pyridones
Authors: Chen Chao , Chen Yanni , Han Zijian , Huang Yujie , Wang Yujiao , Tao Xiuyu , Wang Lan , Chen Xiangli , Long Ruikai , Yang Yaxi , Zhu Weiliang , Zhou Bing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA catalyst‐based switchable regioselective C−H activation/annulation of acrylamides with propargyl carbonates has been developed, delivering C5 or C6 alkenyl substituted 2‐pyridones. This robust protocol proceeds with a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance under redox‐neutral reaction conditions. More significantly, this reaction is highly effective with previously challenging unsymmetrical alkynes, including unbiased alkyl‐alkyl substituted alkynes, with perfect and switchable regioselectivity. Additionally, mechanistic studies and DFT calculations were performed to shed light on the switchable regioselectivity.
Technical, gating and interpretation recommendations for the partitioning of circulating monocyte subsets assessed by flow cytometry
Authors: Tarfi Sihem , Kern Wolfgang , Goulas Elodie , Selimoglu‐Buet Dorothée , Wagner‐Ballon Orianne ,   the CytHem‐LMMC
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe monocyte subset partitioning by flow cytometry, known as “monocyte assay,” is now integrated into the new classifications as a supporting criterion for CMML diagnosis, if a relative accumulation of classical monocytes above 94% of total circulating monocytes is observed. Here we provide clinical flow cytometry laboratories with technical support adapted for the most commonly used cytometers. Step‐by‐step explanations of the gating strategy developed on whole peripheral blood are presented while underlining the most common difficulties. In a second part, interpretation recommendations of circulating monocyte partitioning from the dedicated French working group “CytHem‐LMMC” are shared as well as the main pitfalls, including false positive and false negative cases. The particular flow‐defined inflammatory profile is described and the usefulness of the nonclassical monocyte specific marker, namely slan, highlighted. Examples of reporting to the physician with frequent situations encountered when using the monocyte assay are also presented.
Trends in exposure to drugs and prohibited substances among sports: A nationwide analysis of 2008–2022 inquiry records
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Chia , Hsu Mei‐Chich , Wu Yu‐Tse , Chen Chi‐Hua , Lin Tzu‐Yu , Ho Wei , Chang William Chih‐Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo prevent athletes from unintentional doping, the anti‐doping authorities in Taiwan have launched several sports‐prohibited substances inquiry services since 2008. This study aimed to enhance the prevention of sports‐prohibited substance misuse by analyzing data collected from major nationwide service systems, enabling the identification of trends in athletes' exposure to drugs and prohibited substances. The study collected over 30,000 data points from three major national anti‐doping inquiry systems, spanning from 2008 to 2022. The information of the users consulted products, prohibited substances, and sports disciplines in the data were calculated and categorized. The usage of inquiry systems has shown an increasing trend from 2008 to 2022. Athletes comprised the majority of users (> 40%), significantly outnumbering other user groups (all below 20%). Among the inquiries, Western medicine accounted for the highest percentage (up to 79.6%), and it also contained the majority of the prohibited substances. Interestingly, traditional Chinese medicines had a higher chance (35.9%) of containing prohibited substances, as indicated by the mobile application. The prohibited substances mainly belonged to class S6 stimulants and S9 glucocorticoids. Among the daily medicinal products and nutritional supplements encountered by sports personnel, approximately 30% of them were found to contain prohibited substances. Future educational efforts should focus on raising awareness about traditional Chinese medicines and drugs for the common cold, ADHD, and pain relief, as well as their regulation, to prevent the misuse of prohibited substances.
Effect of salinity on the oviposition and growth of Ochlerotatus togoi
Authors: Choi Jae Won , Choi Kwang Shik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOchlerotatus togoi is a salt‐tolerant euryhaline mosquito that lays its eggs in rock pools. Although it is a pest that can transmit flaviviruses and filarial worms to humans, ecological studies have not been previously conducted because of its limited habitat. However, rising sea levels have created a more favorable environment for Oc. togoi, increasing the risk of Oc. togoi‐borne diseases. We examined the oviposition and growth rates of Oc. togoi at 0–35 psu to obtain ecological data. It exhibited the highest oviposition preference at 0 psu; however, the hatching rate was highest at 10 psu, the pupation rate was highest at 25 psu, and the emergence rate was highest at 5 psu. Oc. togoi showed the highest rate of growth into adults at 25 psu. The results were assessed using Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H tests (post hoc test: Bonferroni), and a regression equation was generated for the incidence of adult Oc. togoi based on the change in salinity (y = −14.318 + 9.821x; y = adult incidence rate; x = salinity). The oviposition habits and developmental conditions of Oc. togoi were confirmed, and the incidence of Oc. togoi based on changes in sea level and ocean salinity was predicted. The results of this study will be useful for controlling salt‐tolerant vectors and responding to vector‐borne diseases.
Floral mechanisms promote pollination success and reduce the incidence of self‐pollination in a fly‐pollinated self‐incompatible orchid
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Wu Shi‐Mao , Gao Jiang‐Yun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmong flowering plants, self‐incompatibility is considered the most efficient system for avoiding self‐fertilization. However, many self‐incompatible plants have also evolved floral mechanisms to reduce sexual conflict. In China, some studies of Bulbophyllum have been reported to be self‐incompatible and no fruit sets. However, we have observed relatively high fruit sets in Bulbophyllum funingense. Therefore, we speculated that if B. funingense is also self‐incompatible, and it might present a floral mechanism to avoid sexual conflict. Natural fruit sets, pollinia removal and deposition rates were determined and breeding system was tested in a hand‐pollination experiment. The pollination process and visiting frequency of pollinators and their behavior after escape from access were observed and recorded. Floral traits associated with pollination and pollinator size were measured. B. funingense was completely self‐incompatible, the fruit sets of cross‐pollination in 2 years were all more than 70%, and the natural fruit sets for 2 years were 1.70 ± 4.31% and 6.63 ± 5.29%, respectively. B. funingense did not produce strong odor or nectar, but produced a kind of secretions from its labellum that attracted flies. Calliphora vicina (Calliphoridae) was its only effective pollinator. When C. vicina licked the secretions, they were stuck in the access for a long time. Thus, when they escaped from access, they almost always flew quickly away from the inflorescence removing pollinia most of the times. In B. funingense, a floral mechanism improves pollinia transfer efficiency, reduces pollinia waste, promotes pollination success, reduces the incidence of self‐pollination, and avoids sexual conflict to a certain extent.
Automated and repeated aerial observations of GPS‐collared animals using UAVs and open‐source electronics
Authors: Kavwele Cyrus M. , Hopcraft J. Grant C. , Davy Deborah , Torney Colin J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTelemetry has enabled ecologists to link animal movement trajectories and environmental features at a fine spatiotemporal resolution; however, the effects of social interactions on individual choice within large mobile groups remain largely unknown. Estimating the effect of social interaction in the wild remains challenging because existing long‐term tracking tools such as GPS collars focus on the movements of a single individual and cannot observe the behavior of other individuals within the group. The progression of socially informed movement models requires measuring simultaneous trajectories of many individuals at once, as well as the instantaneous social cues to which individuals may be responding. The availability of low‐flying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and low‐cost open‐source electronics presents a promising opportunity to collect fine‐scale data on social interactions in order to advance our understanding of collective behavior. Here, we present a tracking system that enables the repeated localization and observation of a collared individual and its near neighbors using nadir video footage collected from a commercial UAV. We make use of open‐source electronics combined with the UAV's in‐built functionality that allows it to follow a stream of GPS locations to create an automated system that can follow a specific individual without user control. We demonstrate the tracking systems' performance by studying the group movements of a herd of Exmoor ponies (Equus ferus caballus), and as a proof of concept, we examine the position of the focal individual (collared animal) in relation to the center of the video frame. We also collect information about the focal individual's nearest neighbors. The automated animal observation tool is effective at consistently keeping the focal individual close to the center of the video frame, offering a new dimension to existing remote telemetry tools. For instance, the repeated observation of the same individual in different physiological states, seasons, and demographic groups potentially opens new avenues in collective movement ecology research. By making our design, software, and firmware freely available, we aim to encourage continuous improvements to collective behavior research and to facilitate replicable approaches across other species and ecosystems.
The role of cultivated versus wild seeds in the diet of European turtle doves (Streptopelia turtur) across European breeding and African wintering grounds
Authors: Young Rebecca E. , Dunn Jenny C. , Vaughan Ian P. , Mallord John W. , Drake Lorna E. , Orsman Chris J. , Ka Moussa , Diallo Mamadou B. , Sarr Malang , Lormée Hervé , Eraud Cyril , Kiss Orsolya , Marchbank Angela , Symondson William O. C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAgricultural intensification is a major driver in species declines, with changes in land use resulting in widespread alteration of resource availability. An increase in anthropogenic food resources, alongside decreasing natural resources, has resulted in species undergoing dietary changes that can have important ecological consequences, particularly for declining species. Here we use high‐throughput sequencing to analyze the diet of the migrant European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), a species that has experienced significant population decline throughout its European range. We analyze the diet of this species on both breeding and wintering grounds to gain an understanding of resource use throughout the annual cycle and compare areas of more and less intensive agriculture in western and eastern Europe, respectively. We examine associations with body condition, spatiotemporal variation and the source of food (wild or cultivated). We identified 121 taxonomic units in the diet, with significant variation across sampling seasons, and very little overlap between the breeding and wintering seasons, as well as high levels of cultivated food resources in the diet of turtle doves in both breeding and wintering grounds, with the highest proportion of wild seeds in the diet occurring in birds caught in Hungary, where agricultural intensity was lowest. We detected no association between body condition and the consumption of cultivated food resources. We demonstrate the importance of wild resources in birds on the wintering grounds as they approach migration, where body condition increased as the season progressed, concurrent with an increased consumption of wild seeds. These findings indicate the importance of habitats rich in wild seeds and the need to consider food availability on the wintering grounds, as well as the breeding grounds in turtle dove conservation strategies.
Dietary partitioning among three cryptobenthic reef fish mesopredators revealed by visual analysis, metabarcoding of gut content, and stable isotope analysis
Authors: Palacios‐Narváez Stephania , Coker Darren J. , Aylagas Eva , Justo Micaela S. , Nunes‐Peinemann Viktor , Tietbohl Matthew D. , Bocanegra Carolina , Antony Chakkiath Paul , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how mesopredators partition their diet and the identity of consumed prey can assist in understanding the ecological role predators and prey play in ecosystem trophodynamics. Here, we assessed the diet of three common coral reef mesopredators; Pseudochromis flavivertex, Pseudochromis fridmani, and Pseudochromis olivaceus from the family Pseudochromidae, commonly known as dottybacks, using a combination of (i) visual stomach content analysis, (ii) stomach content DNA metabarcoding (18S, COI), and (iii) stable isotope analysis (δ15N, δ13C). In addition, P. flavivertex is found in two distinct color morphs in the Red Sea, providing an opportunity to analyze intra‐morph differences. These techniques revealed partitioning in the dietary composition and resource use among species. Arthropods comprised the main dietary component of P. flavivertex (18S > 60%; COI > 10%) and P. olivaceus (18S = 57.2%), while P. fridmani ingested predominantly mollusks (18S = 51.3%, COI = 24.6%). Despite being small predators, microplastics were found in the gut content of some of these fishes. Stable isotope analysis showed differences in species' isotopic niche breadth and trophic position. Pseudochromis olivaceus presented the largest isotopic niche (SEAC = 1.61‰2), while P. fridmani showed the smallest isotopic niche (SEAC = 0.45‰2) among species. Although the two techniques used for stomach content analysis did not show differences in the diet within color morphs of P. flavivertex, they differed in the isotopic niche and resource use. Despite our limited sampling, our findings provide evidence of species‐specific differences in the trophic ecology of dottybacks and demonstrate their important role as predators of cryptic invertebrates and small fishes. This study highlights the importance of combining several approaches (short‐term: visual analysis and DNA metabarcoding; and long‐term: isotope analysis) when assessing the feeding habits of coral reef fish, as they provide complementary information necessary to delimit their niches and understand the role that small mesopredators play in coral reef ecosystems.
Environmental DNA dynamics of three species of unionid freshwater mussels
Authors: Ruiz‐Ramos Dannise V. , Thompson Nathan L. , Richter Catherine A. , Voshage Megan C. , Schreier Theresa M. , Merkes Christopher M. , Klymus Katy E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNorth American freshwater mussels are of special conservation concern due to their high endemism and the multiple anthropogenic stressors affecting them. Of the over 300 species in North America, nearly one third of these species are federally listed as threatened or endangered. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has been successful in detecting freshwater mussels and could aid in monitoring their populations. Production and degradation rates of eDNA for the species of interest are needed to inform interpretation of eDNA detections, allow possible modeling of relative abundance and population location, and aid in mussel conservation through population identification. Here, we designed and tested qPCR assays for three freshwater mussel species, mucket (Ortmanniana ligamentina), fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea), and the federally endangered spectaclecase (Cumberlandia monodonta). We performed laboratory experiments under controlled conditions to measure eDNA shedding and degradation rates for each species. Different biomasses, temperatures, and food regimens were tested independently to determine if these factors influence the amount of DNA produced by the mussels. Degradation rates of eDNA were measured from experimental tank water after mussels were removed. Overall, we observed low eDNA shedding rates for freshwater mussels compared to previous studies of fish eDNA shedding rates. Furthermore, temperature and feeding showed limited or no significant effects in the species studied. Environmental DNA degradation rates were consistent with those reported in the literature for other taxa. Collectively, our results will be useful for designing eDNA monitoring studies, modeling eDNA dispersal, and interpreting eDNA results to help inform freshwater mussel conservation efforts.
Large‐scale validation of 46 invasive species assays using an enhanced in silico framework
Authors: Kronenberger John A. , Wilcox Taylor M. , Young Michael K. , Mason Daniel H. , Franklin Thomas W. , Schwartz Michael K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe need for widespread occurrence data to inform species conservation has prompted interest in large, national‐scale environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring strategies. However, targeted eDNA assays are seldom validated for use across broad geographic areas. Here, we validated 46 new and previously published probe‐based qPCR assays targeting invasive species throughout the continental United States. We drew upon current taxonomies, range maps, publicly available sequences, and tissue archives to evaluate all potentially sympatric confamilial species and genetically similar extrafamilial taxa. Out of 5276 unique assay‐nontarget taxon combinations, we were able to test 4206 (80%). We characterized levels of validation and specificity for each of eight federal geographic regions and provided an online tool with state‐level information, as well as detailed assay descriptions in an appendix. Specificity testing benefited from extensive use of eDNAssay—a machine learning classifier trained to predict qPCR cross‐amplification—which we found to be 96% accurate in 649 unique tests that underwent paired in silico and in vitro testing. Predictions of assay specificity (the true negative rate) were 98–100% accurate, depending on the classification threshold used. This work provides both an immediate resource for invasive species surveillance and demonstrates an enhanced in silico, geographically subdivided validation framework to aid in future large‐scale validation efforts.
Layered Ag(I), Cd(II) and Cu(I) Luminescent Coordination Polymers Assembled Through a Tri‐Pyridyl Cyclic Triimidazole Ligand
Authors: Malpicci Daniele , Blasi Delia , Forni Alessandra , Lucenti Elena , Marinotto Daniele , Formenti Matteo , Maver Daniele , Mercandelli Pierluigi , Cariati Elena , Carlucci Lucia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe versatility of a nitrogen rich pyridinic derivative of the cyclic triimidazole scaffold with C3 symmetry is here exploited to obtain three luminescent coordination polymers (CPs). By reaction of 3,7,11‐tri(pyridin‐4‐yl)triimidazo[1,2‐a:1′,2′‐c:1′′,2′′‐e][1,3,5]triazine, (4 py)3TT, with Ag(I), Cd(II) and Cu(I) salts, [Ag{(4‐py)3TT}(SO3CF3)]n ⋅
nCH2Cl2, [Cd{(4‐py)3TT}(NO3)2(EtOH)]n and [(Cu2I2)3{(4‐py)3TT}4]n ⋅ xn(H2O,EtOH) are obtained. The trigonal symmetry of (4 py)3TT results in 2D structures with hcb topology in [Ag{(4‐py)3TT}(SO3CF3)]n ⋅
nCH2Cl2 and [Cd{(4‐py)3TT}(NO3)2(EtOH)] and a rare 3,4‐connected (3,4‐c) topology in [(Cu2I2)3{(4‐py)3TT}4]n ⋅ xn(H2O,EtOH). The multifaceted emissive behaviour of the CPs and the free ligand has been investigated and interpreted through spectroscopic, structural and computational studies. The fluorescence and the high energy phosphorescence of [Ag{(4‐py)3TT}(SO3CF3)]n ⋅
nCH2Cl2, [Cd{(4‐py)3TT}(NO3)2(EtOH)]n and (4 py)3TT itself are correlated to singlet and triplet excited states of molecular origin while their low energy phosphorescence derives from supramolecular entities associated with strong π–π interactions with little metal contribution as it is the case for the single phosphorescence observed for [(Cu2I2)3{(4‐py)3TT}4]n ⋅ xn(H2O,EtOH). In agreement, unusually long lifetimes in the ms regime are measured for crystals of all compounds.
A Cofacial Porphyrin Dimer Generated by Cooperative Zinc Ion Binding
Authors: Otsuki Joe , Sato Ken , Sugawa Kosuke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNoncovalent cofacial porphyrin dimers have attracted interest due to their potential use as host materials or catalysts. In this study, we introduce a novel coordination‐directed cofacial porphyrin dimer from a meso‐tetraphenylporphyrin derivative modified with 2,2′‐bipyridine moieties at the meta positions of the phenyl groups. Spectroscopic investigation has shed light on the binding processes and the structure of the dimer in solution in detail. Initial Zn2+ ion binding to the porphyrin hinders the subsequent Zn2+ binding and the binding of the second porphyrin. However, once the dimer is formed, additional Zn2+ binding is notably enhanced, resulting in a pronounced S‐shaped binding curve. The detailed structure of the dimer in solution was established based on UV‐vis spectroscopy, various 1H NMR spectroscopy techniques and mass spectrometry. Simulations of ring‐current‐induced chemical shift changes provided evidence for the face‐to‐face porphyrin structure with tetrahedral coordination of the bipyridine ligands. The X‐ray single crystal structure provided conclusive evidence for the structure of the face‐to‐face dimer, which remarkably resembles the model structure from the 1H NMR simulation. The stability of the dimer structure makes it promising for further exploration of this motif in developing new supramolecular structures and for their potential applications as host compounds and catalysts.