bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Ketofol for procedural sedation and analgesia in children with hematological diseases
Authors: da Silva Paulo Sérgio Lucas , de Aguiar Vânia Euzébio , Waisberg Daniel Reis , Passos Roselene M. Augusto , Park Miriam Verônica Flor 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intravenous ketamine–propofol admixture (“ketofol”) in the same syringe for procedural sedation and analgesia in children undergoing bone marrow aspiration.Methods:  This was a prospective, observational pilot study. Patients aged between 4 and 12 years requiring sedation for bone marrow aspiration were included. Ketofol (1 : 1 mixture of ketamine 10 mg/mL and propofol 10 mg/mL) was given intravenously in 0.5 mg/kg aliquots each with a 1‐min interval and titrated to reach sedation levels of 3 or 4 (Ramsay score). The primary outcome was patient satisfaction with the degree of sedation. Secondary outcomes included injection pain, total sedation time, recovery time, hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, and adverse events.Results:  A total of 20 patients were enrolled in the study. The median total dose of ketofol administered was 1.25 mg/kg each of propofol and ketamine (95%CI 0.77–2 mg/kg). The median score on the visual analog scale was 0 (extremely comfortable) (0–1.5; 95%CI 0.2–2.2). Median recovery time was 23 min (20.5–28 min; 95%CI 17.1–51.2). The incidence of injection pain was 2/20. Two patients had transient diplopia and one child reported dreams. No patients had hypotension, vomiting or required airway intervention.Conclusion:  Ketofol provided effective sedation, which was reflected in the high degree of satisfaction recorded by children requiring procedural sedation and analgesia for bone marrow aspiration. We also observed rapid recovery and no clinically significant complications. A large number of patients is required to evaluate and validate these findings.
Non‐catch‐up growth in intrauterine growth‐retarded rats showed glucose intolerance and increased expression of PDX‐1 mRNA
Authors: Lim Jung Sub , Lee Jun Ah , Hwang Jin Soon , Shin Choong Ho , Yang Sei Won 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  Children born with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) show long‐term complications like non‐catch‐up growth and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesize that the duration of malnutrition influences the growth and pancreatic development in IUGR. The pancreatic duodenal homeobox‐1 (PDX‐1) expression might also be different because it links glucose metabolism to the regulation of insulin gene transcription in the pancreas.Methods:  We made an IUGR rat model with a low‐protein diet (8% casein) during gestational periods. Catch‐up rats (CU) were given normal lab chow immediately after birth. Non‐catch‐up rats (NCU) were given normal lab chow after lactation periods. PDX‐1 mRNA level, islet areas and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were assessed in each group and compared with control rats (C) at the 16th week.Results:  The weight and length of CU and C rats were not different after 3 weeks, while NCU rats were smaller than C and CU rats (P < 0.05). In IVGTT, the 20‐min and 50‐min glucose level and area under the curve for glucose were increased in NCU rats compared with those values in C and CU rats (P < 0.05). The islet area of NCU rats was smaller than that of C and CU rats (P < 0.05). In contrast, PDX‐1 mRNA levels of NCU rats were higher than those of C rats (P < 0.05). CU rats showed normal glucose response in IVGTT with increased islet number and size.Conclusions:  IUGR rats that failed to undergo catch‐up growth might be prone to abnormal glucose tolerance, decreased islet size, and increased PDX‐1 mRNA levels in early adult life.
Effective method for screening for respiratory inhibition after crying in infants
Authors: Minowa Hideki , Hirayama Koichiro , Bando Yuka , Yasuhara Hajime , Ohgitani Ayako 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  In order to establish an effective screening method for respiratory inhibition after crying (RIAC), we prospectively studied the correlations between infant RIAC and perinatal factors.Methods:  We monitored infants (n = 141) born from May through July 2009 with polygraphy and evaluated the presence of RIAC and respiratory pause that occurred when feeding was initiated immediately after crying with a decrease in oxygen saturation (SpO2) to <60%. The infants were screened for increased echogenicity, a cyst in the ganglionic eminence (GE), or a subependymal cyst by cranial ultrasound. Furthermore, we evaluated the correlations between RIAC and perinatal factors.Results:  Eleven infants displayed RIAC and 31 experienced respiratory pause during feeding with a decrease in SpO2 to <60%. There were no significant correlations between RIAC and perinatal factors. Forty infants had ultrasound abnormalities (increased echogenicity in the GE, 26; cyst in the GE, nine; and subependymal cyst, seven). Sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of abnormal cranial ultrasound findings for RIAC were 1.00, 0.777, and 0.794, respectively. The odds ratio, sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of the combination of abnormal cranial ultrasound findings and respiratory pause during feeding with a decrease in SpO2 to <60% and RIAC were 35.9 (P < 0.001), 0.727, 0.931, and 0.915, respectively.Conclusion:  The combination of abnormal cranial ultrasound findings and respiratory pause during feeding with a decrease in SpO2 appears to be an effective method of screening for RIAC.
Nutritional status of students in Kocaeli, Turkey: A population‐based study
Authors: Etiler Nilay , Cizmecioglu Filiz Mine , Hatun Sukru , Hamzaoglu Onur 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional status of students in Kocaeli, Turkey.Methods:  This cross‐sectional study was carried out among the students of secondary schools in Kocaeli. Of the students, 2491 subjects were selected using multi‐stage stratified sampling.Results:  Of the students, 51.1% were male and 48.9% were female. Mean age was 14.35 ± 1.87 (range 10.1–19.8) in overall subjects, 14.38 ± 1.87 in boys and 14.31 ± 1.85 in girls. The prevalence of obesity and of overweight was estimated as 7.3% and 11.8%, respectively. Also, 3.1% of the subjects were underweight and 2.9% were thin. The rate of obesity was 1.5 times higher in girls and that of overweight was 1.2 times higher in girls. Similarly, students aged 15 years old and younger were 1.2 times more obese and 1.7 times more overweight than older students. Students living in urban areas had a higher prevalence of obesity and of overweight.Conclusion:  Nutritional problems in students should be dealt with by some regulations in schools; for example, providing healthy food in schools or food aid, particularly in poor regions.
Comparison of functional outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty in the primary treatment of acute proximal humerus fracture
Authors: Young Simon W. , Segal Barak S. , Turner Perry C , Poon Peter C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  Treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures remains controversial. In cases where adequate open reduction and internal fixation cannot be achieved, hemiarthroplasty has been the traditional treatment; however, clinical results have been mixed. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has been suggested as an alternative, and this study aimed to compare the functional results of RSA versus hemiarthroplasty in patients with acute proximal humeral fracture.Methods:  Ten patients with acute proximal humerus fractures unsuitable for internal fixation (mean age 77) who underwent RSA for acute proximal humerus fracture unsuitable for internal fixation against the outcomes of 10 patients (mean age 75) who had previously undergone hemiarthroplasty for the same indication. Functional scores and radiographic outcomes were assessed at 22–44 months follow up.Results:  At follow up the mean American Shoulder and Elbow Scorev score was 65 (range 40–88) in the RSA group and 67 (26–100) in the hemiarthroplasty group. Mean Oxford Shoulder scores were 29 (15–56) and 22 (12–34), respectively. Mean forward elevation was 115 degrees (range 45–140 degrees) and active external rotation was 49 degrees (5–105 degrees) in the RSA group, versus 108 degrees (50–180 degrees) and 48 degrees (10–90 degrees) in the hemiarthroplasty group. No statistically significant differences in outcome scores or range of motion were seen.Conclusion:  In these early results, the anticipated functional gains of RSA over hemiarthroplasty were not realized, suggesting the use of RSA for treatment of proximal humeral fractures should remain guarded. Larger prospective trials are necessary to identify the optimal management of patients in this situation.
Needs and risks of patients in a state‐wide inpatient forensic mental health population
Authors: Segal Ariel , Daffern Michael , Thomas Stuart , Ferguson Murray 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTRoutine needs assessments have become mandated requirements for public mental health services. However, the appropriateness of these generic health needs assessments to specialist populations remains questionable. This study sought to assess individual needs assessed using a widely used clinician rated assessment (Health of the Nation Outcome Scales‐Secure; HoNOS‐Secure), a subjective needs assessment that considers both staff and patient perspectives (Camberwell Assessment of Need‐Forensic version; CANFOR), and a measure of risk for general criminal recidivism (Level of Service Inventory: Screening Version; LSI:SV) in a secure forensic mental health service. Results revealed significant positive correlations between staff ratings on HoNOS‐Secure, CANFOR total needs, and CANFOR met needs scores, but no significant association between CANFOR ratings or HoNOS‐Secure ratings and LSI:SV scores. Although patients and staff reported the same number of needs overall according to CANFOR (7.2 vs. 7.5, P > 0.05), patients reported that more of these needs were unmet (3.1 vs. 2.3, P < 0.05). Differences between staff and patient ratings of need suggest that needs assessments should include patient perspectives to facilitate more collaborative and comprehensive care planning. Divergent perspectives between patients and staff may impair patient engagement in treatment and therefore negatively impact on outcome. Service planning issues and opportunities for future research are discussed.
A model of succession planning for mental health nurse practitioners
Authors: Hampel Sally , Procter Nicholas , Deuter Kate 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews current literature on succession planning for mental health nurse practitioners (NPs) and discusses a model of succession planning that is underpinned by principals of leadership development, workforce participation and client engagement. The paper identifies succession planning as a means of managing a present and future workforce, while simultaneously addressing individual and organizational learning and practice development needs. A discussion of the processes attendant upon sustainable succession planning – collegial support, career planning and development, information exchange, capacity building, and mentoring is framed within the potential interrelationships between existing NP, developing NP and service directors and/or team managers. Done effectively and in partnership with wider clinical services, succession planning has the potential to build NP leadership development and leadership transition more broadly within mental health services.
Investor behaviour in response to Australia’s capital gains tax
Authors: Brown Philip , Ferguson Andrew , Sherry Sam 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe calibrate the effect of Australia’s Capital Gains Tax (CGT) on share prices and market activity. Based on a large sample drawn from all listed Australian companies for the years 1994–2007, we find significant tax‐loss selling (TLS) of shares that lost value over the financial year, which is reflected in unusually high trading volume and more sell orders in June and a rebound in July. There is some evidence that small mining stocks are particular targets for TLS. Interestingly, the 1999 CGT reforms, which introduced concessions for long‐term capital gains, did not reduce the incidence of TLS.
Distance to default, subordinated debt, and distress indicators in the banking industry*
Authors: Kato Paul , Hagendorff Jens 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe recent financial crisis has highlighted the inadequacy of present supervisory arrangements to identify reliable ex‐ante indicators of banking distress. For a sample of US bank holding companies, we analyse the extent to which distance to default based on market data can be explained using accounting‐based indicators of risk. We show that a larger number of bank fundamentals help predict default for institutions that issue subordinated debt. For banks that issue sub‐debt, we find that higher charter values and low bank capitalizations further increase the power of bank fundamentals to predict default risk.
Union Immobility? Trade Unions and the Freedoms of Movement in the Enlarged EU
Authors: Meardi Guglielmo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEast–West union co‐operation in Europe is discussed as the most serious test to cross‐border union solidarity, in the light of new frameworks capable to make sense of transnational trade union activity and alternative to theoretical nationalism. The empirical assessment of trade union chances reviews the activities of trade unions in the UK, Germany, Austria and Poland on foreign investment, migration and movement of services. Secondary evidence and case studies show that the strength of transnational union action does not depend on the country, but rather on its form. ‘Structural’ Europeanization remains weak (e.g. in most European Works Councils), while network‐based action is displaying strong developments, especially on migration, but least on the movement of services.
How to Write a Visualization Research Paper: A Starting Point
Authors: Laramee Robert S. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract This paper attempts to explain the mechanics of writing a research paper in visualization. This serves as a useful starting point for those who have never written a research paper before or have very little previous experience. After all, no one is born knowing how to write one. And yet, there are certain elements, a commonality, that should be found in virtually all good visualization research papers. We give our recommendations as to each section a good research paper consists of as well as what each section contains. This paper itself follows our recommended structure. We believe that paper writing should start with the abstract. The abstract can be approximately 6–12 sentences. It is a difficult starting point, but it forces the author to write down a concise description of what they are researching and what the benefits are. Chances are, if the author cannot start out by writing an abstract, then it is not clear in the author's mind what the paper should be about. Of course, the abstract will be refined and updated during the paper writing process. The abstract should concisely (1) identify the research topic, (2) describe the novelty of the presented work and (3) identify the benefits and advantages that result.
Taking Language Seriously: An Analysis of Linguistic Reasoning and Its Implications in EU Law
Authors: Paunio Elina , Lindroos‐Hovinheimo Susanna 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article discusses legal reasoning at the European Court of Justice (ECJ). The following questions are addressed. First, the authors look at the way linguistic arguments are used in ECJ case‐law. Second, they consider whether the requirements of legal certainty, and more specifically that of predictability, may be fulfilled by reference to linguistic arguments in a multilingual legal system. The theoretical starting‐point is that of open‐endedness of language: no means exists to definitely pin down the meaning of words. Defining the meaning of words in a legal context is necessarily a matter of choice involving evaluative considerations. Consequently, when the ECJ uses linguistic arguments to justify a decision, it is an active agent choosing the meaning of words in a specific case. Essentially, the authors argue that legal reasoning based on linguistic arguments is particularly problematic from the viewpoint of legal certainty and predictability. In this respect, the key importance of systemic and teleological argumentation is emphasised in assuring convincing, acceptable and transparent legal reasoning especially in the context of multilingual EU law.
EU Citizenship and Religious Liberty in an Enlarged Europe
Authors: Morano‐Foadi Sonia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article intends to contribute to the theoretical debate on how EU citizenship could be regarded as a bundle of common European individual rights (and, to a lesser extent, obligations) and part of a democratic polity in which every citizen counts equally irrespectively of his/her religious belonging and faith.The EU perceives itself as a community based on shared values. Since there is no European people, nor a European polity, common values play a core role in European polity building. The question, however, is whether common values can be experienced by the EU citizens in daily life and to what extent there are common values in the EU Member States. These issues are explored using the non‐discrimination principle on grounds of religion, as a litmus‐test for the existence of common values within Europe.
Form and Substance in European Constitutional Law: The ‘Social’ Character of Indirect Effect
Authors: Niglia Leone 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article proposes to understand the constitutional discourse about individuals, rights and enforcement, as developed in the courtrooms, in relation to historic and contextual circumstances. It focuses on the interface between indirect effect and social policy, and argues that the creation of indirect effect has been integral to a judicial strategy centred on the key concern for sustaining the balance between market freedom and interventionism as achieved in the political process.
Age‐related changes of the three‐dimensional structure in the cheek region
Authors: Mizukoshi K. , Oyobikawa M. , Matsumoto K. 
Published: July 2010

Vol. 43, No.3 (2009) pp.177–184Qualitative surveying of consumers using in‐depth interviews has revealed that ‘skin smoothness’ as typified by the expression ‘fine texture’ may be an essential ingredient in the ideal ‘beautiful skin’ desired by women. Therefore, to elucidate the reality of skin smoothness, we administered a quantitative questionnaire survey to consumers and measured the shape of the skin surface. The results confirmed that a sense of ‘skin smoothness’ is represented by the expression ‘skin with fine texture’ with regard to the shape of the skin. We also found that this sense of ‘skin with fine texture’ does not arise from an awareness of the structure of the skin surface at the microscopic level, such as the sulcus cutis or crista cutis, but from skin structures that are visible to the naked eye, such as pores. ‘Skin smoothness’ is noticed particularly in the area below the eyes and surrounding the sides of the nose (upper cheeks?. In addition, the 3‐dimensional (3D) shape of the skin surface in this area was clarified to change with age, not only in simple increases in the amount of unevenness deriving from pore enlargement, but with ridge‐like structuring of the entire skin surface. We viewed this change in the 3D shape of the skin surface as a ‘phenomenon of skin languishment with age’. This change has a large effect on whether skin is perceived as smooth.
Elucidation of the anti‐aging effects of ectoine using cdna microarray analysis and signaling pathway evaluation
Authors: Anzali S. , Von Heydebreck A. , Herget T. 
Published: July 2010

IFSCC Magazine, 12 (4) 381–385 (2009)SynopsisA human three‐dimensional skin model was treated with ectoine in two different concentrations for four days. Gene expression profiling was performed using cDNA microarray analysis. A network analysis of the deregulated genes yields hypotheses regarding potential molecular mechanisms leading to anti‐aging effects of ectoine.
Building a human cortex: the evolutionary differentiation of Cajal‐Retzius cells and the cortical hem
Authors: Meyer Gundela 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCajal‐Retzius (CR) cells are the most significant source of reelin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein essential for cortical development. Strategically located in the marginal zone, CR cells control radial migration and laminar positioning of pyramidal neurons of the cortical plate. They degenerate and undergo cell death when cortical migration is completed. In human cortex development, reelin‐expressing CR cells are already present in the early preplate, and continue to increase in number after the appearance of the cortical plate. In the course of the first half of gestation, the reelin signal in the marginal zone undergoes a huge amplification in parallel with the growth of the cortical plate and the expansion of the cortical surface. A significant source of CR cells is the cortical hem, a putative signalling centre at the interface of the prospective hippocampus and the choroid plexus. Hem‐derived CR cells co‐express reelin and p73, a transcription factor of the p53‐family. They form the predominant CR cell population of the human neocortex. Characteristically, CR cells express the anti‐apoptotic isoform DeltaNp73 which may be responsible for the protracted lifespan of human CR cells and the morphological differentiation of their axonal plexus. This dense fibre plexus, absent in lower mammals, amplifies the reelin‐signal and establishes a physical boundary between the cortical plate and the marginal zone. In this review, we analyze the multiple sources of reelin/p73 positive CR cells at the interface of various telencephalic centres and the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles. Additional populations of CR cells may derive from the thalamic eminence in the ventral thalamus and from the strionuclear neuroepithelium, or ‘amygdalar hem’. Comparative studies in a variety of species indicate that the cortical hem is the main origin of CR cells destined for the neocortex, and is most highly developed in the human brain. The close association between cortical hem and choroid plexus suggests a concerted role in the evolutionary increase of CR cells, amplification of the reelin signal in the marginal zone, and cortical expansion.