bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic evolution and total suspended solids capture of an infiltration trench
Authors: Emerson Clay H. , Wadzuk Bridget M. , Traver Robert G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractStormwater best management practice (BMP) design must incorporate the expected long‐term performance from both a water quantity and water quality perspective to sustainably mitigate hydrologic and water quality impacts of development. Infiltration trench structures are one of many infiltration BMPs that reduce runoff volume and capture pollutants. Research on the longevity of these structures is sparse, leading to concerns about their long‐term value and impeding implementation. In the present study, an infiltration trench was monitored from its inception to determine its hydrologic performance over time and total suspended solids (TSS) capture efficiency. The infiltration trench was intentionally undersized to accelerate longevity‐related processes. The infiltration trench provided a 36% TSS removal rate and displayed a distinct decrease in its ability to infiltrate stormwater runoff over the first three years of operation. Results indicate that infiltration through the bottom of the BMP became negligible, while infiltration through the sides of the BMP remained active over the 3‐year study period. The results lead to recommendations for BMP design. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of best predictors for forecasting seasonal rainfall and runoff in Australia
Authors: Kirono Dewi G. C. , Chiew Francis H. S. , Kent David M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe first step towards developing a reliable seasonal runoff forecast is identifying the key predictors that drive rainfall and runoff. This paper investigates the lag relationships between rainfall across Australia and runoff across southeast Australia versus 12 atmospheric‐oceanic predictors, and how the relationships change over time. The analysis of rainfall data indicates that the relationship is greatest in spring and summer in northeast Australia and in spring in southeast Australia. The best predictors for spring rainfall in eastern Australia are NINO4 [sea surface temperature (SST) in western Pacific] and thermocline (20 °C isotherm of the Pacific) and those for summer rainfall in northeast Australia are NINO4 and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) (pressure difference between Tahiti and Darwin). The relationship in northern Australia is greatest in spring and autumn with NINO4 being the best predictor. In western Australia, the relationship is significant in summer, where SST2 (SST over the Indian Ocean) and II (SST over the Indonesian region) is the best predictor in the southwest and northwest, respectively.The analysis of runoff across southeast Australia indicates that the runoff predictability in the southern parts is greatest in winter and spring, with antecedent runoff being the best predictor. The relationship between spring runoff and NINO4, thermocline and SOI is also relatively high and can be used together with antecedent runoff to forecast spring runoff. In the northern parts of southeast Australia, the atmospheric‐oceanic variables are better predictors of runoff than antecedent runoff, and have significant correlation with winter, spring and summer runoff. For longer lead times, the runoff serial correlation is reduced, especially over the northern parts, and the atmospheric‐oceanic variables are likely to be better predictors for forecasting runoff. The correlations between runoff versus the predictors vary with time, and this has implications for the development of forecast relationship that assumes stationarity in the historical data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial interpolation of snow water equivalency using surface observations and remotely sensed images of snow‐covered area
Authors: Harshburger Brian J. , Humes Karen S. , Walden Von P. , Blandford Troy R. , Moore Brandon C. , Dezzani Raymond J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAs demand for water continues to escalate in the western Unites States, so does the need for accurate monitoring of the snowpack in mountainous areas. In this study, we describe a simple methodology for generating gridded‐estimates of snow water equivalency (SWE) using both surface observations of SWE and remotely sensed estimates of snow‐covered area (SCA). Multiple regression was used to quantify the relationship between physiographic variables (elevation, slope, aspect, clear‐sky solar radiation, etc.) and SWE as measured at a number of sites in a mountainous basin in south‐central Idaho (Big Wood River Basin). The elevation of the snowline, obtained from the SCA estimates, was used to constrain the predicted SWE values. The results from the analysis are encouraging and compare well to those found in previous studies, which often utilized more sophisticated spatial interpolation techniques. Cross‐validation results indicate that the spatial interpolation method produces accurate SWE estimates [mean R2 = 0·82, mean mean absolute error (MAE) = 4·34 cm, mean root mean squared error (RMSE) = 5·29 cm]. The basin examined in this study is typical of many mid‐elevation mountainous basins throughout the western United States, in terms of the distribution of topographic variables, as well as the number and characteristics of sites at which the necessary ground data are available. Thus, there is high potential for this methodology to be successfully applied to other mountainous basins. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of Met/HGF receptor and angiogenesis by NK4 leads to suppression of tumor growth and migration in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Suzuki Yoshinori , Sakai Katsuya , Ueki Junko , Xu Qing , Nakamura Takahiro , Shimada Hideaki , Nakamura Toshikazu , Matsumoto Kunio 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNK4 exhibits two distinct biological actions: antagonistic inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) through binding to the Met/HGF receptor, and antiangiogenic action through binding to perlecan. Here, the anti‐tumor effect of NK4 on malignant pleural mesothelioma was investigated. Of the 7 human malignant mesothelioma cell lines (ACC‐Meso‐1, ACC‐Meso‐4, EHMES‐1, EHMES‐10, H28, H2052 and JMN‐1B), only EHMES‐10 cells formed subcutaneous tumors when implanted into mice. For EHMES‐10 cells, HGF facilitated invasion of the cells in collagen gel, whereas NK4 and neutralizing anti‐HGF antibody suppressed the HGF‐induced invasion. In addition, NK4 but not anti‐HGF antibody suppressed proliferation of EHMES‐10 cells in collagen, suggesting that the suppression by NK4 was independent of the HGF‐Met pathway. In the subcutaneous tumor model, recombinant adenovirus‐mediated intratumoral expression of NK4 inhibited tumor growth, while the invasive characteristic of tumor cells was not observed. Analysis of Met receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, proliferation, apoptosis and blood vessels in the tumor tissues indicated that the inhibitory effect of NK4 expression might be primarily caused by the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. In all the 7 mesothelioma lines, HGF stimulated Met tyrosine phosphorylation, and this was associated with enhanced cell migration. HGF‐dependent Met activation and migration were inhibited by NK4. Since malignant pleural mesothelioma represents an aggressive neoplasm characterized by extensive invasive growth, suppression of invasive growth has therapeutic value. Thus, the simultaneous inhibition of the HGF‐Met pathway and angiogenesis by NK4 for treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma is significant, particularly to attenuate migration and invasive growth.
Incidence of cancers, ischemic cardiovascular diseases and mortality during 5‐year follow‐up after stopping antioxidant vitamins and minerals supplements: A postintervention follow‐up in the SU.VI.MAX Study
Authors: Hercberg Serge , Kesse‐Guyot Emmanuelle , Druesne‐Pecollo Nathalie , Touvier Mathilde , Favier Alain , Latino‐Martel Paule , Briançon Serge , Galan Pilar 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Supplementation in Vitamins and Mineral Antioxidants Study was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized trial, in which 12,741 French adults (7,713 women aged 35–60 years and 5,028 men aged 45–60 years) received a combination of ascorbic acid (120 mg), vitamin E (30 mg), β‐carotene (6 mg), selenium (100 μg) and zinc (20 mg), or placebo daily for a median follow‐up time of 7.5 years [October 1994 to September 2002]. Antioxidant supplementation decreased total cancer incidence and total mortality in men. Postintervention follow‐up assessment of total cancer incidence, ischemic cardiovascular disease incidence and total mortality was carried out for 5 years [September 1, 2002, to September 1, 2007]. No late effect of antioxidant supplementation was revealed 5 years after ending the intervention neither on ischemic cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality in both genders nor on cancer incidence in women. Regarding duration of intervention effects in men, the reduced risk of total cancer incidence and total mortality was no longer evident after the 5‐year postintervention follow‐up. During the postsupplementation period, the relative risk (RR) for total cancer incidence (n = 126) was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75–1.27) among antioxidant recipients compared to nonrecipients. For total mortality (n = 90), the RR was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.75–1.26) for men receiving antioxidants compared to nonrecipients. In conclusion, beneficial effects of antioxidant supplementation in men disappeared during postintervention follow‐up.
Arginine deprivation and argininosuccinate synthetase expression in the treatment of cancer
Authors: Delage Barbara , Fennell Dean A. , Nicholson Linda , McNeish Iain , Lemoine Nicholas R. , Crook Tim , Szlosarek Peter W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractArginine, a semi‐essential amino acid in humans, is critical for the growth of human cancers, particularly those marked by de novo chemoresistance and a poor clinical outcome. In addition to protein synthesis, arginine is involved in diverse aspects of tumour metabolism, including the synthesis of nitric oxide, polyamines, nucleotides, proline and glutamate. Tumoural downregulation of the enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1), a recognised rate‐limiting step in arginine synthesis, results in an intrinsic dependence on extracellular arginine due to an inability to synthesise arginine for growth. This dependence on extracellular arginine is known as arginine auxotrophy. Several tumours are arginine auxotrophic, due to variable loss of ASS1, including hepatocellular carcinoma, malignant melanoma, malignant pleural mesothelioma, prostate and renal cancer. Importantly, targeting extracellular arginine for degradation in the absence of ASS1 triggers apoptosis in arginine auxotrophs. Several phase I/II clinical trials of the arginine‐lowering drug, pegylated arginine deiminase, have shown encouraging evidence of clinical benefit and low toxicity in patients with ASS1‐negative tumours. In part, ASS1 loss is due to epigenetic silencing of the ASS1 promoter in various human cancer cell lines and tumours, and it is this silencing that confers arginine auxotrophy. In relapsed ovarian cancer, this is associated with platinum refractoriness. In contrast, several platinum sensitive tumours, including primary ovarian, stomach and colorectal cancer, are characterised by ASS1 overexpression, which is regulated by proinflammatory cytokines. This review examines the prospects for novel approaches in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of malignant disease based on ASS1 pathophysiology and its rate‐limiting product, arginine.
Citrus consumption and cancer incidence: the Ohsaki cohort study
Authors: Li Wen‐Qing , Kuriyama Shinichi , Li Qiang , Nagai Masato , Hozawa Atsushi , Nishino Yoshikazu , Tsuji Ichiro 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBasic research and case–control studies have suggested that citrus consumption may protect against cancer. However, the protective effect has been observed from few prospective studies. This study investigated the association of citrus consumption with cancer incidence among 42,470 Japanese adults in the Ohsaki National Health Insurance Cohort, which covered an age range of 40–79 years, and was followed up from 1995 to 2003 for all‐cancer and individual cancer incidence. Citrus consumption was assessed using a self‐administered questionnaire. The Cox proportional hazard model was applied to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs. During the 323,204 person‐years of follow‐up, 3,398 cases were identified totally. Citrus consumption, especially daily consumption, was correlated with reduced all‐cancer incidence, the RRs were 0.89 (95% CI = 0.80–0.98) for total participants, 0.86 (0.76–0.98) for males and 0.93 (0.79–1.09) for females, as well as multiple cancers at individual sites, especially pancreatic (RR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.38–1.00) and prostate cancer (RR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.41–0.97). Joint effect analysis showed a reduced risk of overall cancer existed only for subjects who consumed ≥1 cup green tea/day (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73–0.93) as well as for males (RR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.71–0.97) or females (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68–0.99). These findings suggest that citrus consumption is associated with reduced all‐cancer incidence, especially for subjects having simultaneously high green tea consumption. Further work on the specific citrus constituents is warranted, and clinical trials are ultimately necessary to confirm the protective effect.
Effects of estrogen on breast cancer development: Role of estrogen receptor independent mechanisms
Authors: Yue Wei , Wang Ji‐Ping , Li Yuebai , Fan Ping , Liu Guijian , Zhang Nan , Conaway Mark , Wang Hongkun , Korach Kenneth S. , Bocchinfuso Wayne , Santen Richard 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDevelopment of breast cancer involves genetic factors as well as lifetime exposure to estrogen. The precise molecular mechanisms whereby estrogens influence breast tumor formation are poorly understood. While estrogen receptor α (ERα) is certainly involved, nonreceptor mediated effects of estradiol (E2) may also play an important role in facilitating breast tumor development. A “reductionist” strategy allowed us to examine the role of ERα independent effects of E2 on mammary tumor development in ERα knockout (ERKO) mice bearing the Wnt‐1 oncogene. Exogenous E2 “clamped” at early follicular and midluteal phase levels (i.e., 80 and 240 pg/ml) accelerated tumor formation in a dose‐related fashion in ERKO/Wnt‐1 animals (p = 0.0002). Reduction of endogenous E2 by oophorectomy (p < 0.001) or an aromatase inhibitor (AI) (p = 0.055) in intact ERKO/Wnt‐1 animals delayed tumorigenesis as further evidence for an ER‐independent effect. The effects of residual ERα or β were not involved since enhancement of tumor formation could not be blocked by the antiestrogen fulvestrant. 17α‐OH‐E2, a metabolizable but ER‐impeded analogue of E2 stimulated tumor development without measurable uterine stimulatory effects. Taken together, our results suggest that ER‐independent actions of E2 can influence breast tumor development in concert with ER dependent effects. These observations suggest 1 mechanism whereby AIs, which block E2 synthesis, would be more effective for breast cancer prevention than use of antiestrogens, which only block ER‐mediated effects.
Intake of fatty acids and antioxidants and pancreatic cancer in a large population‐based case‐control study in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Gong Zhihong , Holly Elizabeth A. , Wang Furong , Chan June M. , Bracci Paige M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThere are no well‐established modifiable risk factors for pancreatic cancer except smoking. Some dietary factors have been associated with pancreatic cancer risk and require further study. We examined the associations among intake of specific fatty acids and antioxidants and risk of pancreatic cancer in a large population‐based case‐control study in the San Francisco Bay Area. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as estimates of relative risk. Positive associations were observed for high levels of the 8 individual saturated fatty acids (4th vs. 1st quartile: ORs ranged from 1.6 to 2.6; all ptrend < 0.01), monounsaturated palmitoleic and oleic fatty acids [OR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2–2.1) and 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1–1.9); both ptrend < 0.01], and polyunsaturated linolenic acid [OR = 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1–2.0); ptrend = 0.02]. Inverse associations were observed for high levels of gadolic acid [4th vs. 1st quartile: OR = 0.68 (95% CI: 0.50–0.92); ptrend = 0.007] and omega‐3 fatty acids [≥0.85 g/day vs. 1st quartile: OR = 0.47 (95% CI: 0.25–0.90)]. An inverse association was also observed for high total intake of vitamin C [4th vs. 1st quartile: OR = 0.69 (95% CI: 0.51–0.94); ptrend = 0.004] and of vitamin E [OR = 0.67 (95% CI: 0.49–0.92); ptrend = 0.01]. Although similar decreased risks were also observed for high supplemental intake of these 2 vitamins (both ptrend < 0.01), no association was observed for intake from food alone. These results support the hypotheses that a high intake of saturated and certain monounsaturated fatty acids may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer, whereas greater intake of omega‐3 fatty acids, vitamins C and E may reduce the risk.
Path homomorphisms, graph colorings, and boolean matrices
Authors: Nešetřil Jaroslav , Tardif Claude 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe investigate bounds on the chromatic number of a graph G derived from the nonexistence of homomorphisms from some path \documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{eqnarray*}\vec{P}\end{eqnarray*}\end{document} into some orientation \documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{eqnarray*}\vec{G}\end{eqnarray*}\end{document} of G. The condition is often efficiently verifiable using boolean matrix multiplications. However, the bound associated to a path \documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{eqnarray*}\vec{P}\end{eqnarray*}\end{document} depends on the relation between the “algebraic length” and “derived algebraic length” of \documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{eqnarray*}\vec{P}\end{eqnarray*}\end{document}. This suggests that paths yielding efficient bounds may be exponentially large with respect to G, and the corresponding heuristic may not be constructive. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 63: 198–209, 2010
Evaluation, management, and outcome of focal bacterial infections (FBIs) in nontoxic infants under two months of age
Authors: Vidwan Gurpreet , Geis Gary L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Well‐appearing young infants with focal bacterial infections present to the emergency department (ED) and are often admitted for a sepsis evaluation of blood, urine, and spinal fluid. However, the risk of concomitant systemic infections (CSI) in this population is not well reported, specifically comparing febrile to afebrile infants. We hypothesized that afebrile, well‐appearing infants under two months of age with a defined focal bacterial infection on exam have a very low risk of CSI.METHODS:This retrospective study was conducted at an urban, academic, tertiary care pediatric hospital ED on patients seen from January 2000‐December 2005. Eligible infants were less than 60 days of age, well‐appearing on exam, and with normal‐for‐age vital signs who presented with a focal bacterial infection on exam. Exclusion criteria included immunodeficiency, indwelling catheter, previous admission for bacterial infection, or current use of systemic antibiotics. Main study outcome was risk of CSI in febrile and afebrile groups.RESULTS:One hundred ninety seven patients were included in the study population. Of these, 39 were febrile and 158 were afebrile. Four patients had a documented CSI: one case of S. pneumoniae bacteremia and three cases of E. coli urinary tract infection. Of these 4 infants, 3 were febrile (7.7% CSI risk) and 1 was afebrile (0.6%). Febrile infants had a significantly higher risk of CSI (OR 13.1, 95% CI 1.3, 129.5).CONCLUSIONS:CSI is very uncommon in afebrile, well‐appearing infants under 60 days of age with a focal bacterial infection. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:76–82. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
A hospitalist postgraduate training program for physician assistants
Authors: Will Kristen K. , Budavari Adriane I. , Wilkens James A. , Mishark Kenneth , Hartsell Zachary C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMany hospitalist groups are hiring physician assistants (PAs) to augment their physician services. Finding PAs with hospitalist experience is difficult. Employers often have to recruit PAs from other specialties or hire new graduates who have limited hospital experience. Furthermore, entry‐level PA training focuses on primary care, with more clinical rotations centered in the outpatient setting. In light of these challenges, our institution created a 12‐month postgraduate training program in Hospital Medicine for 1 PA per year. It is the first reported postgraduate PA hospitalist fellowship to offer a certificate of completion. The program's curriculum is based on the Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM) “Core Competencies,” and is comprised of 12 one‐month rotations in different aspects of hospital medicine supplemented by formal didactic instruction. In addition, the PA fellow completes “teaching modules” on various topics not directly covered in their rotations. Furthermore, this postgraduate physician assistant training program represents a model that can be utilized at almost any institution, academic or community‐based. As the need for hospitalists increases, so will the need for trained physician assistants in hospital medicine. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:94–98. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Examining guideline‐concordant care for acute myocardial infarction (AMI): The case of hospitalized post‐acute and long‐term care (PAC/LTC) residents
Authors: Radcliff Tiffany A. , Levy Cari R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Previous studies have examined differences in care for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) according to patient characteristics such as age, gender, or insurance, but little attention has been given to whether admission source is related to guideline adherence.OBJECTIVE:To investigate: (1) the use of aspirin and reperfusion in the care of post‐acute/long‐term care (PAC/LTC) patients who are hospitalized for AMI, and (2) 30‐day mortality associated with these treatments.DESIGN:Secondary examination of data from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project (CCP) national baseline data.SETTING:A total of 4013 U.S. hospitals.SUBJECTS:Patients hospitalized with a confirmed AMI admitted from PAC/LTC (n = 8151) or community‐dwelling (n = 120,032) settings.MEASUREMENTS:Early administration of aspirin and reperfusion via either thrombolysis or percutaneous intervention.RESULTS:PAC/LTC patients were less likely to receive treatment for AMI, even after adjustment for multiple variables associated with treatment choice. Differences persisted with additional econometric adjustment using seemingly‐unrelated regression. Multivariable logistic regression results indicated that aspirin was related to improved 30‐day survival for both PAC/LTC and community admissions (odds ratio [OR], 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43‐0.58 for PAC/LTC, and OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.54‐0.60 for community). Reperfusion was associated with higher ORs for mortality for eligible patients admitted from community setting (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.13‐1.35), but ideally‐eligible candidates had lower ORs for mortality (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35‐0.95 for PAC/LTC, and OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.68‐0.81 for community).CONCLUSIONS:Patients transferred from PAC/LTC settings were less likely to receive early treatment for AMI than other patients. Future trials should inform which guidelines are applicable to PAC/LTC patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:E3–E10. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.