bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encyclopedia of Literature and Science
Authors: Gossin Pamela 
Published: April 2024

Science and literature have always been strange bedfellows. Like puzzle pieces, they fit because they're different. Some of the greatest works of world literature have been inspired by the marvels of the scientific world. Scientists have written works of the imagination. Even formal scientific writings have been known to employ rhetoric. There is a tendency to think of literature—and the humanities in general—as having little to do with science. Yet scholars have conducted fruitful studies of the history and philosophy of science. With the rise of technology, scholars have also applied scientific analysis to the study of literature and the creative process. The intersection of scientific and humanistic inquiry is finally being mapped. This volume includes more than 650 A-Z entries on topics and themes in science and literature, significant writers, key scientists, seminal works, and important theories and methodologies.
This reference defines the rapidly emerging interdisciplinary field of literature and science. An introductory essay traces the history of the field, its growing reputation, and the current state of research. Broad in scope, the volume covers world literature from its beginnings to the present day and illuminates the role of science in literature and literary studies. A wide range of experts contributed entries to this volume, each of which concludes with a brief bibliography. The entire volume closes with a list of works for further reading.
Political Theory
Authors: Hammond Scott John 
Published: April 2024

Liberty. Justice. Nature. Law. First formulated millennia ago by the founding philosophers of the Western tradition, these basic concepts of human thought remain central to our conception of ourselves, our place in the world, and our relationships with others-that is, our politics. Readers encountering such broad political concepts, their practical expressions in political movements and systems of government, the ideas of influential ancient and modern political thinkers—or simply familiar or unfamiliar catchphrases for which they would like a succinct yet informative explanation—will welcome this accessible encyclopedic guide.
The major political concepts, themes, issues, movements, groups, and schools that have developed over time and shaped our modern world appear here in all their diversity, along with biographical entries and articles on the principal works of political theorists from Plato to John Rawls. Further, serious students and browsers alike will delight in the numerous entries on familiar quotations and political catchphrases, from the banality of evil and Big Brother to the war of all against all.
Encyclopedia of Postcolonial Studies
Authors: Hawley John Charles 
Published: April 2024

The collapse of empires has resulted in a remarkable flourishing of indigenous cultures in former colonies. The end of the colonial era has also witnessed a renaissance of creativity in the postcolonial world as modern writers embrace their heritage. The experience of postcoloniality has also drawn the attention of academics from various disciplines and has given rise to a growing body of scholarship. This reference work overviews the present state of postcolonial studies and offers a refreshingly polyphonic treatment of the effects of globalization on literary studies in the 21st century.
The volume includes more than 150 alphabetically arranged entries on postcolonial studies around the world. Entries on individual authors provide brief biographical details but primarily examine the author's handling of postcolonial themes. So too, entries on theoreticians offer background information and summarize the person's contributions to critical thought. Entries on national literatures explore the history of postcoloniality and the ways in which writers have broadly engaged their legacy, while those on important topics discuss the theoretical origin and current ramifications of key concepts in postcolonial studies. Cross-references and cited works for further reading are included, while a comprehensive bibliography concludes the volume.
Thought as Experience in Bataille, Cioran, and Rosset
Authors: Acquisto Joseph 
Published: April 2024

Examines how postwar French writers constitute the thinking subject and reshape its relation to the external social world.
Joseph Acquisto analyzes the writings of three thinkers during and shortly after the Second World War who address the question of what it means to think, and what it means to constitute oneself as a thinking subject – at a time that seems to come "after everything"; with the ruins of attacked cities echoing the remains of a philosophical tradition that was confident in its establishment of human beings as rational, of reason leading to progress, and of both the self and the world as knowable.
What Georges Bataille calls s"inner experience" and Emil Cioran labels "thinking against oneself" is something akin to a drama; not a mere representation of the self in relation to the world, but a process of remapping the relation of subject to object of thought dialectically. Acquisto argues that both writers adopt an anti-systematic approach to thinking that implicates fragmentary writing as a way of turning answers about subject-object relations into questions. Acquisto contends that this stands in contrast to the approach of Clément Rosset, whose affirmation of the inaccessibility of the real leads to an anti-intellectual, grace-filled affirmation of life as it is given, under the guise of what he calls the "tragic."
Bringing together thinkers that have seldom been discussed in a comparative light, Thought as Experience in Bataille, Cioran, and Rosset examines the affective dimensions of thought as experience and considers the political stakes of postwar thought as "out of order" with the world from which it springs.
Forest-floor respiration, N2O fluxes, and CH4 fluxes in a subalpine spruce forest: drivers and annual budgets
Authors: Krebs Luana , Burri Susanne , Feigenwinter Iris , Gharun Mana , Meier Philip , Buchmann Nina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Forest ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon (C) budget by sequestering a large fraction of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and by acting as important methane (CH4) sinks. The forest-floor greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide (N2O)) flux, i.e., from soil and understory vegetation, is one of the major components to consider when determining the C or GHG budget of forests. Although winter fluxes are essential to determine the annual C budget, only very few studies have examined long-term, year-round forest-floor GHG fluxes. Thus, we aimed to (i) quantify seasonal and annual variations of forest-floor GHG fluxes; (ii) evaluate their drivers, including the effects of snow cover, timing, and amount of snowmelt; and (iii) calculate annual budgets of forest-floor GHG fluxes for a subalpine spruce forest in Switzerland. We measured GHG fluxes year-round during 4 years with four automatic large chambers at the ICOS Class 1 Ecosystem station Davos (CH-Dav). We applied random forest models to investigate environmental drivers and to gap-fill the flux time series. The forest floor emitted 2336 g CO2 m−2 yr−1 (average over 4 years). Annual and seasonal forest-floor respiration responded most strongly to soil temperature and snow depth. No response of forest-floor respiration to leaf area index or photosynthetic photon flux density was observed, suggesting a strong direct control of soil environmental factors and a weak, or even lacking, indirect control of canopy biology. Furthermore, the forest floor was a consistent CH4 sink (−0.71 g CH4 m−2 yr−1), with annual fluxes driven mainly by snow depth. Winter CO2 fluxes were less important for the CO2 budget (6.0 %–7.3 %), while winter CH4 fluxes contributed substantially to the annual CH4 budget (14.4 %–18.4 %). N2O fluxes were very low (0.007 g N2O m−2 yr−1), negligible for the forest-floor GHG budget at our site. In 2022, the warmest year on record with below-average precipitation at the Davos site, we observed a substantial increase in forest-floor respiration compared with other years. The mean forest-floor GHG budget indicated emissions of 2319 ± 200 g CO2 eq. m−2 yr−1 (mean ± standard deviation (SD) over all years), with respiration fluxes dominating and CH4 offsetting a very small proportion (0.8 %) of the CO2 emissions. Due to the relevance of snow cover, we recommend year-round measurements of GHG fluxes with high temporal resolution. In a future with increasing temperatures and less snow cover due to climate change, we expect increased forest-floor respiration at this subalpine site modulating the carbon sink of the forest ecosystem.
An annually resolved chronology for the Mount Brown South ice cores, East Antarctica
Authors: Vance Tessa R. , Abram Nerilie J. , Criscitiello Alison S. , Crockart Camilla K. , DeCampo Aylin , Favier Vincent , Gkinis Vasileios , Harlan Margaret , Jackson Sarah L. , Kjær Helle A. , Long Chelsea A. , Nation Meredith K. , Plummer Christopher T. , Segato Delia , Spolaor Andrea , Vallelonga Paul T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Climate reconstructions of the last millennium rely on networks of high-resolution and well-dated proxy records. This study presents age-at-depth data and preliminary results from the new Mount Brown South (MBS) ice cores, collected at an elevation of 2084 m on the boundary of Princess Elizabeth Land and Kaiser Wilhelm II Land in East Antarctica. We show an initial analysis of the site meteorology, mean annual chemical species concentrations and seasonal cycles, including the identification of a seasonal cycle in fluoride concentrations. The annually resolved chronologies were developed from the chemistry data using a site-specific layer-counting methodology that employed seasonally varying trace chemical species and stable water isotopic ratios, combined with alignment to known volcanic horizons. The uncertainty in the determination of annual horizons via layer counting was also quantified. The chronologies developed include the “Main” 295 m record spanning 1137 years (873–2009 CE) and three surface cores spanning the most recent 39–52 years up to the surface age at the time of drilling (austral summer 2017/2018). Mean annual trace chemical concentrations are compared to the Law Dome ice core (located 1130 km east of the Mount Brown South site) and discussed in terms of atmospheric transport. The MBS chronologies presented here – named MBS2023 – will underpin the development of new palaeoclimate records spanning the past millennium from this under-represented region of East Antarctica.
Unveiling hydrological dynamics in data-scarce regions: experiences from the Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes Basin
Authors: Ayalew Ayenew D. , Wagner Paul D. , Sahlu Dejene , Fohrer Nicola 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The hydrological system of the Rift Valley Lakes in Ethiopia has recently experienced changes over the past 2 decades. Potential causes for these changes include anthropogenic, hydro-climatic, and geological factors. The main objective of this study was to utilize an integrated methodology to gain a comprehensive understanding of the hydrological systems and potential driving factors within a complex and data-scarce region. To this end, we integrated a hydrologic model, change point analysis, indicators of hydrological alteration (IHA), and a bathymetry survey to investigate hydrological dynamics and potential causes. A hydrologic model (the Soil and Water Assessment Tool Plus, SWAT+) was parameterized for the gauged watersheds and extended to the ungauged watersheds using multi-site regionalization techniques. The SWAT+ model performed very well to satisfactorily for daily streamflow in all watersheds with respect to the objective functions of the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE), the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS). The findings reveal notable changes in lake inflows and lake levels over the past 2 decades. Lake Chamo experienced an increase in area of 30.1 km2 (9.5 %), an increase in depth of 4.4 m (30.9 %), and an increase in volume of 7.8×108 m3 (27.2 %). In contrast, Lake Abijata witnessed an extraordinary 68 % decrease in area and a depth decrease of 1.6 m (37.2 %). During the impact period, the mean annual rainfall experienced a decrease of 6.5 % and 2.7 % over Lake Abijata and Lake Chamo, respectively. Actual evapotranspiration decreased by 2.9 % in Lake Abijata but increased by up to 4.5 % in Lake Chamo. Surface inflow to Lake Abijata decreased by 12.5 %, while Lake Chamo experienced an 80.5 % increase in surface inflow. Sediment depth in Lake Chamo also increased by 0.6 m (4.2 %). The results highlight that the changing hydrological regime in Lake Chamo is driven by increased surface runoff and sediment intrusion associated with anthropogenic influences. The hydrological regime of Lake Abijata is affected by water abstraction from feeding rivers and lakes for industrial and irrigation purposes. This integrated methodology provides a holistic understanding of complex data-scarce hydrological systems and potential driving factors in the Rift Valley Lakes in Ethiopia, which could have global applicability.
Characteristics of debris-flow-prone watersheds and debris-flow-triggering rainstorms following the Tadpole Fire, New Mexico, USA
Authors: McGuire Luke A. , Rengers Francis K. , Youberg Ann M. , Gorr Alexander N. , Hoch Olivia J. , Beers Rebecca , Porter Ryan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Moderate- or high-severity fires promote increases in runoff and erosion, leading to a greater likelihood of extreme geomorphic responses, including debris flows. In the first several years following fire, the majority of debris flows initiate when runoff rapidly entrains sediment on steep slopes. From a hazard perspective, it is important to be able to anticipate when and where watershed responses will be dominated by debris flows rather than flood flows. Rainfall intensity averaged over a 15 min duration, I15, in particular, has been identified as a key predictor of debris flow likelihood. Developing effective warning systems and predictive models for post-fire debris flow hazards therefore relies on high-temporal resolution rainfall data at the time debris flows initiate. In this study, we documented the geomorphic response of a series of watersheds following a wildfire in western New Mexico, USA, with an emphasis on constraining debris flow timing within rainstorms to better characterize debris-flow-triggering rainfall intensities. We estimated temporal changes in soil hydraulic properties and ground cover in areas burned at different severities over >2 years to offer explanations for observed differences in spatial and temporal patterns in debris flow activity. We observed 16 debris flows, all of which initiated during the first several months following the fire. The average recurrence interval of the debris-flow-triggering I15 is 1.3 years, which highlights the susceptibility of recently burned watersheds to runoff-generated debris flows in this region. All but one of the debris flows initiated in watersheds burned primarily at moderate or high soil burn severity. Since soil hydraulic properties appeared to be relatively resilient to burning, we attribute reduced debris flow activity at later times to decreases in the fraction of bare ground. Results provide additional constraints on the rainfall characteristics that promote post-fire debris flow initiation in a region where fire size and severity have been increasing.
The potential of global coastal flood risk reduction using various DRR measures
Authors: Mortensen Eric , Tiggeloven Timothy , Haer Toon , van Bemmel Bas , Le Bars Dewi , Muis Sanne , Eilander Dirk , Sperna Weiland Frederiek , Bouwman Arno , Ligtvoet Willem , Ward Philip J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Coastal flood risk is a serious global challenge facing current and future generations. Several disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures have been posited as ways to reduce the deleterious impacts of coastal flooding. On a global scale, however, efforts to model the future effects of DRR measures (beyond structural) are limited. In this paper, we use a global-scale flood risk model to estimate the risk of coastal flooding and to assess and compare the efficacy and economic performance of various DRR measures, namely dykes and coastal levees, dry-proofing of urban assets, zoning restrictions in flood-prone areas, and management of foreshore vegetation. To assess the efficacy of each DRR measure, we determine the extent to which it can limit future flood risk as a percentage of regional GDP to the same proportional value as today (a “relative risk constant” objective). To assess their economic performance, we estimate the economic benefits and costs of implementing each measure. If no DRR measures are implemented to mitigate future coastal flood risk, we estimate expected annual damages to exceed USD 1.3 trillion by 2080, directly affecting an estimated 11.5 million people on an annual basis. Low- and high-end scenarios reveal large ranges of impact uncertainty, especially in lower-income regions. On a global scale, we find the efficacy of dykes and coastal levees in achieving the relative risk constant objective to be 98 %, of dry-proofing to be 49 %, of zoning restrictions to be 11 %, and of foreshore vegetation to be 6 %. In terms of direct costs, the overall figure is largest for dry-proofing (USD 151 billion) and dykes and coastal levees (USD 86 billion), much more than those of zoning restrictions (USD 27 million) and foreshore vegetation (USD 366 million). These two more expensive DRR measures also exhibit the largest potential range of direct costs. While zoning restrictions and foreshore vegetation achieve the highest global benefit–cost ratios (BCRs), they also provide the smallest magnitude of overall benefit. We show that there are large regional patterns in both the efficacy and economic performance of modelled DRR measures that display much potential for flood risk reduction, especially in regions of the world that are projected to experience large amounts of population growth. Over 90 % of sub-national regions in the world can achieve their relative risk constant targets if at least one of the investigated DRR measures is employed. While future research could assess the indirect costs and benefits of these four and other DRR measures, as well as their subsequent hybridization, here we demonstrate to global and regional decision makers the case for investing in DRR now to mitigate future coastal flood risk.
ὅλος y πᾶς en el Corpus Hippocraticum
Authors: Rodríguez Alfageme Ignacio 
Published: April 2024

El estudio de los dos adjetivos que indican ‘totalidad’, ὅλος y πᾶς, nos permite diferenciar aspectos estilísticos de los tratados del Corpus Hippocraticum además de establecer una estructura en su significado y en los usos que atestigua esta colección, así como precisar en algunos casos el significado de algunos lugares problemáticos del Corpus. El problema se aborda desde un punto de vista estadístico, filológico y estructural.
Analisis Kesesuaian Kode Diagnosis Utama Neoplasma Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Soedirman Kebumen
Authors: Nurami Amara Nabiila Sekar , Fauzi Harry , Nur Indira Zahrasita , Purnama Adi Prisai 
Published: April 2024

Neoplasm is a disease associated with abnormal tissue development due to neoplasia, which is the process of abnormal growth and development of body tissues that grow actively with the autonomic (uncontrolled) system. Information for a patient in a hospital will not be complete and useful if it has not been processed, then coding is required. Giving special diagnosis code of neoplasm should consider 3 things to get the right code, namely topography code, morphology, and behavior. However, in its implementation, there are still many errors in the coder's determination of the neoplasm diagnosis code. This has an impact on services to patients such as errors of Action, care and treatment. This study aims to determine the description of the accuracy of topography and morphology codes in neoplasm diagnosis at Dr. Sudirman Kebumen. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative. Based on the research obtained from 178 inpatient medical records in the case of neoplasms, the samples taken were as many as 39 C codes determined that the accuracy amounted to 8 (20.51%) inaccurate category amounted to 31 (79.49%). Inaccuracy in writing the neoplasm code due to the results of PA (anatomical pathology) that has not come out at the time of coding the disease, anatomical pathology Examination Result Sheet that often the results come late because the laboratory examination outside the hospital and the coding officer is less thorough, sometimes there is a doctor's writing that is less clear so that the difficulty of the officer in reading the diagnosis. This led to the inaccuracy of the neoplasm diagnosis code in Dr. Sudirman Kebumen in September 2020.
Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes and Diabetes: Results from ACS QUIK Trial in India
Authors: Alfaddagh Abdulhamied , Khraishah Haitham , Romeo Giulio R. , Kassab Mohamad B. , McMillan Zeb , Chandra-Strobos Nisha , Blumenthal Roger , Albaghdadi Mazen 
Published: April 2024

Background: Despite cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of death in India, limited data exist regarding the factors associated with outcomes in patients with diabetes who suffer acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Methods: We examined 21,374 patients with AMI enrolled in the ACS QUIK trial. We compared in-hospital and 30-day major adverse cardiac events including death, re-infarction, stroke, or major bleeding in those with and without diabetes. The associations between diabetes and cardiac outcomes were adjusted for presentation and in-hospital management using logistic regression.
Results: Mean ± SD age was 60.1 ± 12.0 years, 24.3% were females, and 44.4% had diabetes. Those with diabetes were more likely to be older, female, hypertensive, and have higher Killip class but less likely to present with STEMI. Patients with diabetes had longer symptoms onset-to-arrival (median 225 vs 290 min; P < 0.001) and, in case of STEMI, longer door-to-balloon times (median, 75 vs 91 min; P < 0.001). Diabetes was independently associated with higher in-hospital death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.12–1.89), in-hospital reinfarction (aOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.15–2.02), 30-day MACE (aOR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.14–1.55) and 30-day death (aOR, 1.40; 95%CI, 1.16–1.69) but not 30-day stroke or 30-day major bleeding.
Conclusion: Among patients presenting with AMI in Kerala, India, a considerable proportion has diabetes and are at increased risk for in-hospital and 30-day adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Increased awareness of the increased cardiovascular risk and attention to the implementation of established cardiovascular therapies are indicated for patients with diabetes in lower-middle-income countries who develop AMI.
Clinical Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT02256658.