bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Permitting Offshore Brazil - A New Approach For Oil & Gas Activities
Authors: Soares C. R. , Scofano A. M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Since 2003 a new approach to conduct the environmental permitting process for oil & gas activities offshore Brazil has been negotiated with the Brazilian environmental federal authority (IBAMA). The new model is based on the concept of geographical areas, where an operator can develop a set of drilling or production projects considering just one administrative process, instead of carrying out individual ones which usually led to more prolonged permits.
This model has been successfully applied by Petrobras in the drilling permits (LO) for the Geographical Areas of Campos and Espírito Santo, which respond for almost 80% of the total drilling activity carried out by the company in Brazilian waters, nowadays. The model was also applied to license a production area in the northern part of Campos Basin called Parque das Baleias. In this area, a Preliminary Permit (LP) was granted and for each new project (platform, pipeline) there are just a few steps to follow to get the Installation (LI) and Operation Permit (LO).
Before using this innovative model, for each individual permitting process there were a need to prepare a different Environmental Impact Assessment Study (EIA) that, considering the characteristics of the locations, usually contained the same environmental diagnosis and the same drilling rigs and fluids descriptions. Not only repeated work was been done by operators, but also the Environmental Authority had the same effort in analyze all the documents. As a consequence, the use of the new model reduced the number of processes and allowed the establishment of unified mitigating and compensating environmental projects (environmental education, environmental monitoring and social communication programs). Finally, the unification of environmental projects, contracts and reports allows a better HSE planning and management of the activities by the operators.
It is important to stand out that such environmental projects are more comprehensive and complex. On the other hand, allows an integrated vision aggregating value to the actions derived form the environmental permitting processes.
HSE Supporting Business
Authors: Santos Jairo dos , Barbosa Luiz Alberto 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper describes the strategy adopted by Rio de Janeiro E&P Business Unit (RJ-BU), from Petrobras, in order to effectively integrate HSE practices into the business processes through the establishment of requirements which are integrated and aligned to ISO-14001, OHSAS-18001, Petrobras Guide for Excellence Management and Petrobras HSE Corporate Guidelines. These requirements make the pillars to support a single and robust management system, with 28 interrelated practices, focused on simplicity and efficiency, establishing a logical and coherent system.
The search for excellence drives companies to adopt environmental, quality, safety and health management systems, which are based on international standards models as ISO-14001, ISO-9001 and OHSAS-18001. Most companies adopt specific management systems to each type of a reference model, establishing environmental management systems working with parallel quality, health and safety management systems.
Refusing this mind model, the application of this new and innovative strategy provides the conditions to improve best business and HSE results, by supporting managers in the direction and control of processes chain and achieving effectively manager's engagement.
This approach represents a change of paradigm for management systems because it avoids being existence of multiple management systems, which are inefficient, hard to manage, besides consuming a high level of resources.
HSE integrated with quality practices supporting business processes has made possible to improve HSE performance associated with best production results and profitability.
Validation of Produced Water Discharge Modeling from Guamaré Outfalls I and II, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Authors: Lammardo A. C. , Gallo A. , Lammardo M. P. , Mendes A. L. , Azevedo M. M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper is intended to present and discuss the evaluation of produced water discharge modeling results for Outfalls I and II from the Guamaré Fluid Treatment and Processing Plant (Rio Grande Norte State, Brazil) with field measurements.
Local hydrodynamic patterns were described through a POM-based model after validation against simultaneous wind, currents and sea surface elevation data sets gathered during field surveys at Guamaré costal area. Produced water discharge scenarios were simulated with CHEMMAP (a chemical discharge model). As a basis for comparison with CHEMMAP results, a 4-step dye-tracer field measurement was conducted in the outfall area to provide dispersion estimative and accurate near and far-field dilution values on different hydrodynamic situations. New CHEMMAP simulations were then carried out to assimilate the measured metocean data and outfall discharge values.
Comparisons revealed a good agreement between field measurements and model results on most tidal regimes (i.e. flood and ebb flows on both neap and spring tide). Correlation coefficient between measured and modeled effluent concentration ranged from 39% to 81%. Advection, direction and spatial extent of detectable effluent plume were remarkably similar on different tidal regimes.
A comparison was also made between the new plume dispersion patterns (modeling validation) and the sampling survey points of environmental monitoring. These survey points were located in the most critical areas concerning effluent concentrations. The sampling points suggested has proven to be effective to the water quality monitoring objectives in the area, since it has covered all the significant impact area calculated through modeling.
Safety at the Design Stage of Large Engineering Projects: A Study of Safety Culture
Authors: Leal O. F. , Knauth D. R. , Passuello C. , Oliveira L. F. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Based on the safety culture analytical framework, this paper presents the findings of a socio-anthropological research that addressed six different design teams or departments of Brazilian companies. Each one of the six cases was responsible for a different large engineering project, including process plants, logistics, harbors, railways and oil production. The strategy used for investigating safety culture at the project design dynamic level was a triangulation involving quantitative and qualitative methods: focus group (FG), open-ended interviews with key people, and survey. Results from the six studied cases are presented and comparatively assessed. The findings of the cultural analysis point out to a diversity of deeply rooted assumptions conforming diverse safety culture maturity stages, varying from reactive to interdependent safety culture characteristics. This study draws on specific examples to describe safety conceptual preconditions to be addressed as a tool for risk assessment of socio-technical systems. Research results indicate features of the engineering design teams, conforming positive or negative safety culture profiles, either by being able to anticipate, address and solve major safety issues, or unable to prioritize safety at the conceptual phase of a project. This paper shows attributes that significantly affect teams’ perceptions for handling hazards and risk, in a broader sense, including industrial, health, and environment dimensions.
Effective Driver Coaching—The Next Best Practice for Measuring and Understanding Driving Behavior
Authors: Catten Corey , Harry Dave 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The current best practice for driving scoring is a simple Red, Amber, and Green (RAG) report. Our industry has pioneered much progress in land transport safety using the RAG scoring system and driver monitors - it served us well. But the coaching that management can provide through the RAG scoring is limited to the parameters that make up the score. For a complete understanding of driver behavior, the scoring system should take into account more sources of data: speed with respect to the current speed limit (speed by street), speed with respect to the vehicle type (speed by truck), the frequency of activation of the OEM safety systems (ABS, Traction Control, Lane Departure Warning) if installed, fatigue warnings and fitness for duty, journey characteristics, weather and road hazards, and more. We submit it is possible to understand and effectively coach drivers on a much deeper level with about the same amount of time and effort used in the current RAG best practice.
In this paper, we propose a next-generation best practice scoring framework for understanding and coaching at-risk driving behavior. The goal of this new algorithm is to rank drivers "apples to apples" with respect to safety even though their driving world is an "apples to oranges" world. The best practice will adapt to various vehicle types and installed safety equipment such as ABS, traction control, and stability control. It will provide a framework wherein key driving performance metrics such as speed by street can be seamlessly substituted with less-effective top-speed-only metrics. It shall be independent of the manufacturer of the driver monitor. And most importantly, the framework shall provide managers and HSE professionals with more analytical insight.
We analyze real driving histories of oilfield service trucks to explore the strengths of the proposed algorithm. Examples include safe, at-risk, and risky driver histories with long and short driving hours logged on various equipment. By comparing and contrasting analysis with the RAG method, the reader will understand the insight gained into driving behavior and the subsequent opportunities to take driving coaching to the next level.
Health, Safety & Environment in the Russian Oilfield
Authors: Lawrie Graeme , Samoylova Olga 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Oil and gas production in Russia has expanded dramatically over the last 10 years and continues to develop very quickly. The Russian market is dominated by large Russian operators, and a number of international operators and service companies are also present. Most of the oil and gas companies working in the region have only recently started to get engaged with global energy organizations such as the SPE, OGP, and IADC, and, as a result, little is known about the current state of health, safety and environment (HSE) management in the Russian oil and gas industry. This lack of communication and knowledge has led to some misconceptions among people and organizations without experience in the country.
This paper seeks to explain the current state of HSE in the Russian oil and gas sector; dispelling some common myths; and giving an insight into the tremendous challenges faced, some of which are quite unique to the country. The authors discuss the ways that HSE management in Russia is developing now, and share their opinions on how they expect it to develop over the next 10 years.
There is a widely-held perception, outside Russia, that there is no HSE "culture of compliance" in the country; however, the authors believe that this is not the case. This paper provides details of some highly prescriptive HSE legislation and explains that, contrary to popular belief, it is rigorously enforced by numerous regulatory agencies. The paper also describes the current shift from "rule" to "risk" based HSE management. The paper also addresses the attitude of a typical Russian worker to HSE in the field; the detrimental effects of the culture of alcohol, and the impact of low life expectancy amongst Russian workers. It shows, with some practical success stories from the region, how HSE efforts are delivering improvements in terms of risk management, training, and leadership development.
Microwave Treatment of Oil Contaminated Drill Cuttings – Towards a Commercial Scale System
Authors: Robinson J. , Kingman S. , Snape C. E. , Antonio C. , Pereira I. , Page P. W. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The paper presents results from a novel continuous, pilot scale microwave treatment process for the treatment of contaminated drill cuttings at a processing rate of 500 kg/hr. The requirements of a commercial scale system are outlined, and the necessary scale-up challenges are highlighted.
The process has been developed for the remediation of contaminated drill cuttings at source, i.e. on offshore oil platforms of remote installations, with minimal demand for utilities and a very small footprint. The process separates the contaminant oil from the drill cuttings, leading to an inert solid material and an oil product that can be reused within the mud system.
The process can remediate the cuttings to below 0.1% oil. The unique heating mechanisms obtained using microwave treatment mean that the recovered oil is not degraded as is the case with conventional thermal desorption or mechanical processes. The energy requirements are of the order of 100 kWh per tonne of cuttings treated, significantly lower than current technologies.
This process could replace ship-to-shore practices for drill cuttings treatment, and provide a remediation option with a significantly lower energy requirement and CO2 footprint than existing technologies.
A Design Pattern for ISO 13407 Using the Goal Structuring Notation (GSN)
Authors: Aas Andreas Lumbe , Elgåfoss Stefan , Skramstad Torbjørn 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper describes the implementation of a pattern of ISO 13407 using the Goal Structuring Notation (GSN) - a graphical argumentation notation. The purpose was to visualize the standard's goals, guidelines, requirements, and contextual elements through the construction of a pattern for reuse in e.g. safety cases or assurance cases. A pattern can also be used prescriptively in case assessments, balancing the goal-based and prescriptive approaches. We observed that the proposed approach gave a structured and easy to read overview of the standard and we identified potential case quality metrics such as node type distribution and fan-out fan-in argumentation. We discuss pattern size and we identified the smallest possible patterns to be nano patterns and micro patterns. We observed a need to model order or time dependencies in a case, i.e. when one activity depends on one or more other activities. Thus, we introduce a notation for modeling such time dependencies in a case. We conclude that a pattern modeling ISO 13407 can provide a useful perspective to the standard and we have identified lack of metadata as a shortcoming in current case techniques.
The Application of Environmental Impact Assessment in Carbon Capture and Storage
Authors: Holleman Evert , Huber Erik 
Published: July 2010

Subject
Using the EIA as an instrument to facilitate public discussions of specific CCS projects
The theme of the Conference is: Facing New Challenges with Best Practices and Innovative Thinking. In our paper we will discuss our lessons learned in the Netherlands from EIA-procedures,
one generic EIA to find common understanding between the authorities and CCS parties (AMESCO), specific project EIA's for CCS demonstration projects in the Netherlands.
Linking Environmental, Social & Impact Assessment (ESHIA) to Strategic Social Investment (SSI) to Create Direct Business Value
Authors: Padilla A. , Ryan V. Totten , Anwar N. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper presents findings on the links between two cornerstones of corporate responsibility: (1) environmental, social and health impact assessment (ESHIA), and (2) strategic social investment (SSI). The goal of ESHIA is to improve project decision making by managing potential project-generated impacts. The goal of SSI is to create, simultaneously, lasting development impacts in societies where oil and gas companies operate and direct business value. Conceptually, ESHIA and SSI are linked. Baseline research is a core component of ESHIA, when much is learned about human development of peoples potentially affected by a project and which can be applied to social investment. By using information about economics, labor market skills and business capacity obtained during the ESHIA process, a company can evaluate potential opportunities to expand local hiring and contracting. By using information about livelihoods in the project's context, a company may address needs and opportunities to support sustainable human development. ESHIA and SSI can optimize local conditions to operate without disruption over the long term. A robust social investment program can be an effective way to support communities in turbulent areas (e.g., where there is poverty or conflict). This paper presents original empirical findings and critical success factors drawn from a set case studies of impact assessments for &gt;$500M capital projects and &gt;$200,000 social investments across six continents – including the countries of Angola, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Ghana, Nigeria, the UK and the US.
An Approach to Business Vulnerability and Risk Assessments Related to Climate Change
Authors: Menzie C. , Cantor R. , Boehm P. , Bailey J. R. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Continued changes in climate are probable under most future scenarios. However, the magnitudes and timing of these changes are uncertain and will vary on a regional basis. Impacts of these changes on the oil and gas industry will play out on more local scales. Therefore, planning by HSE managers for impacts of climate change on the industry's plans and operations needs to incorporate the uncertainties in forecasts, a consideration of regional variations, and a translation to local consequences.
This article outlines a step-wise approach for generating the information needed to assess risks and make informed decisions in the future. These decisions will be influenced by a host of environmental and legal drivers. The relative importance of those drivers will depend on a company's operations and locations. Therefore, an effective approach for planning must integrate operational information with relevant climate projections. The paper describes a scenario approach that yields a range of outcomes with associated likelihoods and consequences for the business. This approach demands that excellent communication occur between the decision makers and the analysts, to ensure high utility of information. We provide one example that involves alternative designs for oil and gas transport in relation to severe weather events.
New Dispersant Gel Treats Marine Oil Spills more Effectively with Less Product
Authors: Nedwed Tim 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Application of chemical dispersants to marine oil spills is an important response option that yields net environmental benefits in many instances—particularly for large offshore spills. When properly applied, the dispersion process quickly dilutes the dispersed oil droplets to concentrations below toxicity thresholds and allows naturally occurring microorganisms to rapidly biodegrade the oil. Conventional chemical dispersants, however, have limitations that to some extent may reduce their effectiveness for viscous oils.
ExxonMobil is developing a new dispersant with a gel-like consistency that reduces or eliminates many of the limitations of current dispersants. Wave-basin tests indicated that the new dispersant's greater viscosity and higher active ingredient content allow it to treat conventional oils with dispersant-to-oil ratios as low as 1:60 or lower (compared to 1:20 typically used for dispersants) and to disperse oils currently considered too viscous, e.g., heavy crude oils, fuel oils, or oils that become viscous in Arctic climates. The new formulation dispersed heavy California crude oils and heavy fuel oil collected after the 2002 Prestige spill significantly better than a widely stockpiled dispersant (Corexit 9500) in side-by-side tests. Responders did not attempt to use dispersants on the Prestige spill because they considered the oil too viscous.
Wind-tunnel tests that simulated spraying the gel from an airplane indicate that the high viscosity of the product does not cause significant delivery issues – a simple gear pump effectively sprayed the product. In addition, the gel passed tests required by the US Environmental Protection Agency for use in the United States.
The advances provided by the new dispersant may more than triple the capacity of a single plane load of dispersant, and disperse oils currently considered too viscous either because of naturally high viscosity, weathering, emulsification, or cold temperatures. This new technology represents the first major advance in dispersants in at least a decade.
A Management System Approach to Measuring Health Performance
Authors: Doll Brian , Martin Alison 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In 2007 the combined Health Committee of the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (OGP) and the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) published "Health Performance Indicators -- a guide for the oil and gas industry." At the time there was no globally applied set of health performance indicators within the industry and the publication highlighted the possibility of using a Health Management System (HMS) approach to assessing performance.
The guidance suggested very simple use of a traffic-light system to give a visual indication of the extent to which 8 areas of health were addressed globally, including (1) health risk assessment and planning, (2) industrial hygiene and control of workplace exposures, (3) medical emergency management, (4) management of ill-health in the workplace, (5) fitness for task assessment and health surveillance, (6) health impact assessment, (7) health reporting and record management, and (8) public health interface and promotion of good health.
A pilot test of this leading indicator approach yielded 13 responses from oil and gas companies. As a result of this pilot, Health Committee members agreed to the development of an Excel-based data analysis tool to look at the 8 areas in greater detail. The resulting HMS tool would enable a more detailed gap analysis at site, business, or regional level to facilitate performance improvement. The tool could be used solely internally, or the data could be aggregated and used for benchmarking between companies. In May 2009 the "final draft" version of the HMS tool was sent out to member companies with the capability to add their own section if desired. It will be pilot tested for 6 months and feedback used to make changes if considered necessary. This HMS approach may serve as a useful vehicle to promote broader understanding of health management concepts among non-health professionals within our industry.