bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged survival and improved glycemia in BioBreeding diabetic rats after early sustained exposure to glucagon‐like peptide 1
Authors: Yanay Ofer , Moralejo Daniel , Kernan Kelly , Brzezinski Margaret , Fuller Jessica M. , Barton Randall W. , Lernmark Ake , Osborne William R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes (T1D) in both humans and BioBreeding (BB) rats is an autoimmune disease that results in complete destruction of islets and insulin dependency for life. Glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) promotes β cell proliferation and neogenesis and has a potent insulinotropic effect. We hypothesized that the expression of GLP‐1 before disease onset would increase islet mass, delay diabetes and prolong survival of BB rats.MethodsVascular smooth muscle cells retrovirally transduced to secrete GLP‐1 were seeded into TheraCyte™ encapsulation devices, implanted subcutaneously, and rats were monitored for diabetes.ResultsIn untreated control rats, plasma GLP‐1 levels were 34.5–39.5 pmol/l, whereas, in treated rats, plasma levels were elevated, in the range 90–250.4 pmol/l. Hypoglycemia was not detected and this was anticipated from the glucose‐regulated action of GLP‐1. Diabetes onset (mean ± SEM) in untreated rats occurred at 56.5 ± 0.6 days (n = 6) and, in GLP‐1‐treated rats, was delayed until 76.4 ± 3.3 days (n = 5) (p < 0.001). After disease onset, untreated control rats showed a rapid weight loss and elevated blood glucose (>650 mg/dl) and did not survive beyond 11 days. At 5 days after diabetes onset, insulin‐secreting islets were absent in untreated rats. By contrast, treated rats maintained weight for up to 143 days of age and showed insulin‐secreting β cells.ConclusionsSustained GLP‐1 expression delivered by encapsulated cells before diabetes onset in BB rats showed an improved clinical outcome, suggesting the potential for treating patients using long lasting GLP‐1 analogs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
10th international symposium on the synthesis and applications of isotopes and isotopically labelled compounds—new analytical methods Session 8, Wednesday, June 17, 2009
Authors: Clodfelter Dean , Rees Anthony 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAbstract: Different methods for the analysis of radiolabelled compounds are discussed as well as their potential uses in a wide range of activities such as drug discovery and ultra low level background LSC in a salt mine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chirally dimorphic male genitalia in praying mantids (Ciulfina: Liturgusidae)
Authors: Holwell Gregory I. , Herberstein Marie E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAlthough male polymorphisms occur widely in nature and have received considerable recent attention from studies of alternative mating strategies, male genital polymorphisms are less well known. Here, we describe a dimorphism in the orientation of the male genitalic complex of the praying mantid genus Ciulfina. Populations of Ciulfina species vary in the proportion of males with dextral (right‐oriented) and sinistral (left‐oriented) genitalia, ranging from directional asymmetry (single orientation only) to apparent antisymmetry (equal proportions of both orientations). The proportion of dextral males varied between species (C. baldersoni: 46%; C. rentzi: 24%; C. klassi: 100%; C. biseriata: 83%) and between populations. We used elliptic Fourier analysis to quantify shape and size variation between the genitalia of dextral and sinistral males and determined that the two forms were mirror images of one another in two species. We found that the level of mechanical reproductive isolation between heterospecific populations of opposite genital orientation was no greater than that between heterospecific populations with the same orientation or of mixed orientation. Genital orientation therefore did not influence premating isolation between these species, despite complete postmating isolation. The geographic proximity of populations to heterospecifics also showed no particular pattern with respect to genital orientation. These results suggest that reversible trait asymmetry in Ciulfina is not driven by reproductive isolation, and add to the growing evidence against the species isolation hypothesis for rapid genital evolution. J. Morphol. 271:1176–1184, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fragmentation behavior of Amadori‐peptides obtained by non‐enzymatic glycosylation of lysine residues with ADP‐ribose in tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Fedorova Maria , Frolov Andrej , Hoffmann Ralf 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMono‐ and poly‐adenosine diphosphate (ADP)‐ribosylation are common post‐translational modifications incorporated by sequence‐specific enzymes at, predominantly, arginine, asparagine, glutamic acid or aspartic acid residues, whereas non‐enzymatic ADP‐ribosylation (glycation) modifies lysine and cysteine residues. These glycated proteins and peptides (Amadori‐compounds) are commonly found in organisms, but have so far not been investigated to any great degree. In this study, we have analyzed their fragmentation characteristics using different mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. In matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)‐MS, the ADP‐ribosyl group was cleaved, almost completely, at the pyrophosphate bond by in‐source decay. In contrast, this cleavage was very weak in electrospray ionization (ESI)‐MS. The same fragmentation site also dominated the MALDI‐PSD (post‐source decay) and ESI‐CID (collision‐induced dissociation) mass spectra. The remaining phospho‐ribosyl group (formed by the loss of adenosine monophosphate) was stable, providing a direct and reliable identification of the modification site via the b‐ and y‐ion series. Cleavage of the ADP‐ribose pyrophosphate bond under CID conditions gives access to both neutral loss (347.10 u) and precursor‐ion scans (m/z 348.08), and thereby permits the identification of ADP‐ribosylated peptides in complex mixtures with high sensitivity and specificity. With electron transfer dissociation (ETD), the ADP‐ribosyl group was stable, providing ADP‐ribosylated c‐ and z‐ions, and thus allowing reliable sequence analyses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supply‐side perspectives on ecotourism in Northern Thailand
Authors: Kontogeorgopoulos Nick , Chulikavit Kittinoot 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study provides a supply‐side perspective on ecotourism by exploring the ways in which travel agents and tour operators in Chiang Mai, Thailand conceptualise, prioritise and furnish ecotourism. Although travel agents and tour operators serve as crucial intermediaries between tourists and destinations, the ecotourism literature has largely ignored the ways in which retailers and suppliers of tourism experience approach and define ecotourism. Using quantitative data gathered from 300 travel agents and tour operators, this paper illustrates that the conceptualisation of ecotourism among agents and operators in Chiang Mai is expansive, flexible and, in some ways, internally contradictory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospun Mats from Styrene/Maleic Anhydride Copolymers: Modification with Amines and Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Ignatova Milena , Stoilova Olya , Manolova Nevena , Markova Nadya , Rashkov Iliya 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNew antimicrobial microfibrous electrospun mats from styrene/maleic anhydride copolymers were prepared. Two approaches were applied: (i) grafting of poly(propylene glycol) monoamine (Jeffamine® M‐600) on the mats followed by formation of complex with iodine; (ii) modification of the mats with amines of 8‐hydroxyquinoline or biguanide type with antimicrobial activity. Microbiological screening against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans revealed that both the formation of complex with iodine and the covalent attachment of 5‐amino‐8‐hydroxyquinoline or of chlorhexidine impart high antimicrobial activity to the mats. In addition, S. aureus bacteria did not adhere to modified mats.magnified image
Liquid, Injectable, Hydrophobic and Biodegradable Polymers as Drug Delivery Vehicles
Authors: Amsden Brian G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNew delivery approaches to achieve minimally invasive, sustained and local release of drugs are needed for more effective treatment of conditions such as cancer and ischemia. Hydrophobic, biodegradable, liquid injectable polymers possess a number of potential advantages for this purpose. This review examines various approaches that have been explored for the preparation of these types of polymers, their ability to control the release of various drugs ranging from low‐molecular‐weight hydrophobic compounds to protein therapeutics, and finally their degradation rates and the tissue response to them upon implantation.magnified image
Correlation between Composition, Structure and Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/Polyadipate‐Based Nano‐Biocomposites
Authors: Martino Verónica P. , Ruseckaite Roxana A. , Jiménez Alfonso , Averous Luc 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) plasticized with 15 and 20 wt.‐% of polyadipate was melt‐blended with different amounts of an O‐MMT (1–5 wt.‐%) to prepare nano‐biocomposites. The effect of plasticizer and nanofiller contents on the morphology and on thermal, mechanical and barrier properties of PLA‐based nano‐biocomposites was evaluated in order to understand their structure‐properties relationships. The oxygen transmission rate was notably reduced (around 45%) with increasing amount of clay due to an increased tortuosity. However, for clay concentrations above 3 wt.‐%, a significant detriment in ductile properties could also be observed. For a given amount of nanofiller, the increasing plasticizer concentration improved the clay dispersion through the polymeric matrix.magnified image
Chemistry on Electrospun Polymeric Nanofibers: Merely Routine Chemistry or a Real Challenge?
Authors: Agarwal Seema , Wendorff Joachim H. , Greiner Andreas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNanofiber‐based non‐wovens can be prepared by electrospinning. The chemical modification of such nanofibers or chemistry using nanofibers opens a multitude of application areas and challenges. A wealth of chemistry has been elaborated in recent years on and with electrospun nanofibers. Known methods as well as new methods have been applied to modify the electrospun nanofibers and thereby generate new materials and new functionalities. This Review summarizes and sorts the chemistry that has been reported in conjunction with electrospun nanofibers. The major focus is on catalysis and nanofibers, enzymes and nanofibers, surface modification for biomedical and specialty applications, coatings of fibers, crosslinking, and bulk modifications. A critical focus is on the question: what could make chemistry on or with nanofibers different from bulk chemistry?magnified image
Block Copolymer Micelles with Near Infrared Metal Phthalocyanine Dyes for Laser Induced Writing
Authors: Acharya Himadri , Yoon Bokyung , Park Youn Jung , Bae Insung , Park Cheolmin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA route has been developed to disperse metal‐containing phthalocyanine dyes in a non‐polar medium based on amphiphilic block copolymer micelles of poly[styrene‐block‐(4‐vinylpyridine)] (PS‐b‐P4VP) and poly[styrene‐block‐(acrylic acid)] (PS‐b‐PAA) copolymers. Polar P4VP and PAA efficiently encapsulate cobalt(II), manganese(II), and nickel(II) phthalocyanine dyes by axial coordination of nitrogen and µ‐oxo bridged dimerization with the transition metals, respectively. Good dispersion of the dyes is confirmed by the linear enhancement of Q‐bands in UV–vis absorption spectra with dye concentration. A thin monolayered PS‐b‐P4VP micelle film that contained a nickel(II) phthalocyanine dye which efficiently adsorbs a laser beam on a localized area to generate a local heat higher than the glass transition temperatures of both blocks. One‐dimensional laser writing on the dye‐containing film allows the fabrication of a few submicrometer wide line patterns in which the self‐assembled nanostructure of the block copolymer is modified by the directional heat arising from laser scanning.magnified image
Organoboron Polymers for Photovoltaic Bulk Heterojunctions
Authors: Cataldo Sebastiano , Fabiano Simone , Ferrante Francesco , Previti Francesco , Patanè Salvatore , Pignataro Bruno 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe report on the application of three‐coordinate organoboron polymers, inherently strong electron acceptors, in flexible photovoltaic (PV) cells. Poly[(1,4‐divinylenephenylene)(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenylborane)] (PDB) has been blended with poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) to form a thin film bulk heterojunction (BHJ) on PET/ITO substrates. Morphology may be modulated to give a high percentage of domains (10–20 nm in size) allowing exciton separation. The photoelectric properties of the BHJs in devices with aluminium back electrodes were imaged by light beam induced current (LBIC) and light beam induced voltage (LBIV) techniques. Open circuit voltages, short circuit currents and overall external quantum efficiencies obtained are among the highest reported for all‐polymer PV cells.magnified image
Facile Synthesis and Polymerization of 2,6‐Difluoro‐2′‐sulfobenzophenone for Aromatic Proton Conducting Ionomers with Pendant Sulfobenzoyl Groups
Authors: Jutemar Elin Persson , Takamuku Shogo , Jannasch Patric 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe lithium salt of 2,6‐difluoro‐2′‐sulfobenzophenone was conveniently synthesized in one‐pot by reacting 2,6‐difluorophenyllithium with 2‐sulfobenzoic acid cyclic anhydride in THF at −70 °C whereafter the product crystallized out of solution. A poly(arylene ether) and a poly(arylene sulfide) were prepared by polycondensation reactions to demonstrate the reactivity and efficacy of this new monomer to produce sulfonated high‐molecular weight aromatic polymers for fuel cell proton‐exchange membranes. This work demonstrated that organolithium chemistry may offer versatile and straightforward pathways to new functional monomers with fluorine atoms activated for nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
magnified image
Nonmotor symptoms in Parkin gene‐related parkinsonism
Authors: Kägi Georg , Klein Christine , Wood Nicholas W. , Schneider Susanne A. , Pramstaller Peter P. , Tadic Vera , Quinn Niall P. , van de Warrenburg Bart P.C. , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe aim of the study was to explore the prevalence and differences of nonmotor symptoms (NMSs) in patients with young‐onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD) with and without mutations in the Parkin gene and late‐onset Parkinson's disease (LOPD). Twenty‐seven patients with YOPD and 27 with LOPD, as well as 16 patients with homozygous or compound heterozygote Parkin mutations filled in the nonmotor symptoms questionnaire, a 30‐item self‐completed questionnaire that addresses various NMSs. Overall, NMSs were more prevalent in YOPD (12.07 ± 3.9; P = 0.009) and LOPD (13.26 ± 5.8; P = 0.001) compared with Parkin mutation carriers (7.38 ± 4.2). Dribbling of saliva, vivid dreams, loss of smell, and urinary urgency were more prevalent in YOPD compared with Parkin mutation carriers. Only anxiety was more prevalent in the latter. Apart from anxiety, NMSs appear to be less prevalent in Parkin gene‐related parkinsonism. Although these results need further study, the presented data might be helpful in the clinical recognition of specific phenotypes and genotypes in YOPD. The data are in keeping with a different pathological disease process in Parkin gene‐related parkinsonism. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Emergency manager decision‐making and tornado warning communication
Authors: League Cedar E. , Díaz Walter , Philips Brenda , Bass Ellen J. , Kloesel Kevin , Gruntfest Eve , Gessner Alex 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEmergency managers (EMs) play a critical role in communicating severe weather and tornado warnings to the public, yet communicating the uncertainty of when, where or if a tornado may hit remains a great challenge for EMs. Focus group and survey data concerning weather product usage, weather observing spotter interaction, and decisions to warn the public were collected from Oklahoma EMs in order to characterize the communication processes EMs employ during severe weather outbreaks. These processes include: (1) acquiring weather information, (2) interpreting the information in order to make weather hazard threat assessments, (3) verifying the information, and (4) making time‐sensitive warning decisions. The results indicate that while EMs use a variety of weather and radar products to acquire information, weather observing spotters are key sources of verification data. With respect to warning the public about tornado threats, sirens are the primary method. These findings are related to the development of a new radar system being developed by the Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA), so that this new technology can be designed to reduce uncertainty in the EM decision‐making and warning communication processes. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Identifying Novel Type ZBGs and Nonhydroxamate HDAC Inhibitors Through a SVM Based Virtual Screening Approach
Authors: Liu X. H. , Song H. Y. , Zhang J. X. , Han B. C. , Wei X. N. , Ma X. H. , Cui W. K. , Chen Y. Z. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHistone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been successfully used for the treatment of cancers and other diseases. Search for novel type ZBGs and development of non‐hydroxamate HDACi has become a focus in current research. To complement this, it is desirable to explore a virtual screening (VS) tool capable of identifying different types of potential inhibitors from large compound libraries with high yields and low false‐hit rates similar to HTS. This work explored the use of support vector machines (SVM) combined with our newly developed putative non‐inhibitor generation method as such a tool. SVM trained by 702 pre‐2008 hydroxamate HDACi and 64334 putative non‐HDACi showed good yields and low false‐hit rates in cross‐validation test and independent test using 220 diverse types of HDACi reported since 2008. The SVM hit rates in scanning 13.56 M PubChem and 168K MDDR compounds are comparable to HTS rates. Further structural analysis of SVM virtual hits suggests its potential for identification of non‐hydroxamate HDACi. From this analysis, a series of novel ZBG and cap groups were proposed for HDACi design.
Unexpected proton spin‐lattice relaxation in the solutions of polyolefin and tetrachloroethane
Authors: He Yiyong , Qiu XiaoHua , Zhou Zhe 
Published: May 2010

Abstract‘Unexpected’ proton spin‐lattice relaxation (T1) times are reported for the solutions of poly(ethylene‐co‐1‐octene) and tetrachloroethane‐d2. For the residual protons of the deuterated solvent and the methyl and vinyl protons at the polymer chain ends, their T1 relaxation times vary significantly with both the polymer concentration and molecular weight over a wide range. The T1s also decrease with increasing temperature at relative high temperatures. Such behaviors are in contrast to most reported polymer solutions in which the T1 has nearly no concentration or molecular weight dependence in the dilute and semi‐dilute regime, and normal dependence on temperature. Further investigation revealed that the paramagnetic oxygen effect did shorten the measured proton T1s, but cannot account for the unexpected T1 dependences. Spin rotation is proposed to provide a reasonable explanation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allele‐specific expression of the MAOA gene and X chromosome inactivation in in vitro produced bovine embryos
Authors: Ferreira A.R. , Machado G.M. , Diesel T.O. , Carvalho J.O. , Rumpf R. , Melo E.O. , Dode M.A.N. , Franco M.M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDuring embryogenesis, one of the two X chromosomes is inactivated in embryos. The production of embryos in vitro may affect epigenetic mechanisms that could alter the expression of genes related to embryo development and X chromosome inactivation (XCI). The aim of this study was to understand XCI during in vitro, pre‐implantation bovine embryo development by characterizing the allele‐specific expression pattern of the X chromosome‐linked gene, monoamine oxidase A (MAOA). Two pools of ten embryos, comprised of the 4‐, 8‐ to 16‐cell, morula, blastocyst, and expanded blastocyst stages, were collected. Total RNA from embryos was isolated, and the RT‐PCR‐RFLP technique was used to observe expression of the MAOA gene. The DNA amplicons were also sequenced using the dideoxy sequencing method. MAOA mRNA was detected, and allele‐specific expression was identified in each pool of embryos. We showed the presence of both the maternal and paternal alleles in the 4‐, 8‐ to 16‐cell, blastocyst and expanded blastocyst embryos, but only the maternal allele was present in the morula stage. Therefore, we can affirm that the paternal X chromosome is totally inactivated at the morula stage and reactivated at the blastocyst stage. To our knowledge, this is the first report of allele‐specific expression of an X‐linked gene that is subject to XCI in in vitro bovine embryos from the 4‐cell to expanded blastocyst stages. We have established a pattern of XCI in our in vitro embryo production system that can be useful as a marker to assist the development of new protocols for in vitro embryo production. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 615–621, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of follicular size and FSH on granulosa cell apoptosis and atresia in porcine antral follicles
Authors: Lin Pengfei , Rui Rong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to establish a culture model for isolated intact porcine antral follicles and investigate the relationship between granulosa cell apoptosis and follicular atresia. Small (<3 mm), medium (3–5 mm) and large (>5 mm) healthy porcine follicles were isolated and cultured in serum‐free TCM199 with or without follicular stimulating hormone (FSH). Microscopic identification of healthy follicles was confirmed by histology. A spontaneous onset of apoptotic cell death in granulosa cells was observed from cultured antral follicles. The apoptotic rate of granulosa cells from small follicles cultured for 24 hr was higher than those of large and medium follicles, accompanied with high FasL mRNA abundance in granulosa cells. Supplementation with 3 or 5 IU/ml FSH significantly inhibited the percentage of granulosa cells that became apoptotic. FSH did not significantly alter estradiol secretion from cultured follicles. Progesterone secretion significantly decreased after culture for 48 hr, coinciding with the morphological changes observed. FasL and Fas mRNA were expressed in the healthy, early atretic, and progressed atretic porcine follicles regardless of follicular size. However, FasL but not Fas mRNA levels increased during follicular atresia. Addition of FSH significantly decreased FasL rather than Fas mRNA levels in granulosa cells and could attenuate apoptosis. Small follicles seemed to be more susceptible to atresia as compared to medium and large follicles. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 670–678, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.