bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing outcomes in patients with bipolar disorder: results from the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians Study
Authors: Fagiolini Andrea , Frank Ellen , Axelson David A , Birmaher Boris , Cheng Yu , Curet David E , Friedman Edward S , Gildengers Ariel G , Goldstein Tina , Grochocinski Victoria J , Houck Patricia R , Stofko Mary G , Thase Michael E , Thompson Wesley K , Turkin Scott R , Kupfer David J 
Published: May 2009

Introduction:  We developed models of Specialized Care for Bipolar Disorder (SCBD) and a psychosocial treatment [Enhanced Clinical Intervention (ECI)] that is delivered in combination with SCBD. We investigated whether SCBD and ECI + SCBD are able to improve outcomes and reduce health disparities for young and elderly individuals, African Americans, and rural residents with bipolar disorder.Method:  Subjects were 463 individuals with bipolar disorder, type I, II, or not otherwise specified, or schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type, randomly assigned to SCBD or ECI + SCBD and followed longitudinally for a period of one to three years at four clinical sites.Results:  Both treatment groups significantly improved over time, with no significant differences based on age, race, or place of residence, except for significantly greater improvement among elderly versus adult subjects. Improvement in quality of life was greater in the ECI + SCBD group. Of the 299 participants who were symptomatic at study entry, 213 achieved recovery within 24 months, during which 86 of the 213 subjects developed a new episode. No significant difference was found for race, place of residence, or age between the participants who experienced a recurrence and those who did not. However, the adolescent patients were less likely than the adult and elderly patients to experience a recurrence.Conclusion:  This study demonstrated the effectiveness of SCBD and the additional benefit of ECI independent of age, race, or place of residence. It also demonstrated that new mood episodes are frequent in individuals with bipolar disorder who achieve recovery and are likely to occur in spite of specialized, guideline‐based treatments.
Association of parathyroid hormone‐like hormone (PTHLH) and its receptor (PTHR1) with the number of functional and inverted teats in pigs
Authors: Tetzlaff S. , Chomdej S. , Jonas E. , Ponsuksili S. , Murani E. , Phatsara C. , Schellander K. , Wimmers K. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryParathyroid hormone‐like hormone gene (PTHLH) and its receptor, parathyroid hormone/ parathyroid hormone‐like hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1), play a role in epithelial mesenchymal interactions during growth and differentiation of different tissues and anatomic structures, including teats. Therefore, PTHLH and PTHR1 were evaluated as functional candidate genes for their effects on number and shape of teats in pigs. In particular, focus was on the occurrence and number of inverted teats, the most frequent and economically relevant teat developmental defect in pigs. For this purpose, association and linkage of the PTHLH gene and the PTHR1 gene with inverted teat defect and the total number of teats and inverted teats were studied in an experimental Duroc and Berlin Miniature pig (DUMI) population. Polymorphism C1819T of PTHR1 was significantly associated with inverted teat phenotype (p = 0.014), total number of teats (p = 0.047) and was close to significance with the number of inverted teats (p = 0.078). Polymorphism C375T of PTHLH was close to significance with the inverted teat phenotype (p = 0.122) and showed no significant association with the total number of teats (p = 0.621) and the number of inverted teats (p = 0.256) in the DUMI population. Association analyses were also performed for combined effects of PTHLH and PTHR1 in order to address potential interaction, however, revealed no indication of effects of interaction. The function, position and the association shown here promote PTHR1 as a candidate gene for number of teats and in particular for affection by and number of inverted teats.
A whole genome scan to map QTL for milk production traits and somatic cell score in Canadian Holstein bulls
Authors: Kolbehdari D. , Wang Z. , Grant J.R. , Murdoch B. , Prasad A. , Xiu Z. , Marques E. , Stothard P. , Moore S.S. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryThe detection and mapping of genetic markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) can be utilized to enhance genetic improvement of livestock populations. With the completion of the bovine genome sequence assembly, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) assays spanning the whole bovine genome and research work on large scale identification, validation and analysis of genotypic variation in cattle has become possible. The objective of the present study was to perform a whole genome scan to identify and map QTL affecting milk production traits and somatic cell scores using linkage disequilibrium (LD) regression and 1536 SNP markers. Three and 18 SNP were found to be associated with only milk yield (MY) at a genome and chromosome wise significance (p < 0.05) level respectively. Among the 21 significant SNP, 16 were in a region reported to have QTL for MY in other dairy cattle populations and while the rest five were new QTL finding. Four SNP out of 21 are significant for the milk production traits (MY, fat yield, protein yield (PY), and milk contents) in the present study. Six and nine SNP were associated with PY at a genome and chromosome wise significant (p < 0.05) level respectively. Three and 17 SNP were found to be associated with FY at a genome and chromosome wise significant (p < 0.05) level. Five and seven SNP were mapped with somatic cell score at a genome and chromosome wise significant (p < 0.05) level respectively. The results of this study have revealed QTL for MY, PY, protein percentage, FY, fat percentage, somatic cell score and persistency of milk in the Canadian dairy cattle population. The chromosome regions identified in this study should be further investigated to potentially identify the causative mutations underlying the QTL.
Deconstructing latitudinal species richness patterns in the ocean: does larval development hold the clue?
Authors: Fernández Miriam , Astorga Anna , Navarrete Sergio A. , Valdovinos Claudio , Marquet Pablo A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe consistent decrease in species richness with latitude shows several exceptions among marine organisms. We hypothesize that contrasting latitudinal diversity gradients can be explained by differences in critical life‐history attributes, such as mode of larval development (MLD). We deconstructed latitudinal species richness patterns of marine benthic invertebrates according to MLD to elucidate differences in patterns of species richness and to reveal underlying processes. The patterns of species richness were remarkably similar across taxa within MLD but differed between MLD. Species richness decreased polewards in planktotrophic species and increased in direct developers. Temperature explained most of the variation in species richness. Low temperature at high latitudes may generally favour direct developing species, but, together with low chlorophyll‐a concentration, limit the distribution of planktotrophic species. The contrasting influence of temperature on different MLDs might be explained by its effect on the length of planktonic life and on brooding costs.
Local adaptation and maladaptation to pollinators in a generalist geographic mosaic
Authors: Gómez José M. , Abdelaziz M. , Camacho J. P. M. , Muñoz‐Pajares A. J. , Perfectti F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Geographic Mosaic Theory of Coevolution predicts the occurrence of mosaics of interaction‐mediated local adaptations and maladaptations. Empirical support to this prediction has come mostly from specialist interactions. In contrast, local adaptation is considered highly unlikely in generalist interactions. In this study, we experimentally test local adaptation in a generalist plant‐pollinator geographic mosaic, by means of a transplant experiment in which plants coming from two evolutionary hotspots and two coldspots were offered to pollinators at the same four localities. Plants produced in the hotspots attracted more pollinators in all populations, whereas coldspot plants attracted fewer pollinators in all populations. Differences in adaptation were not related to genetic similarity between populations, suggesting that it was mainly due to spatial variation in previous selective regimes. Our experiment provides the first strong support for a spatially structured pattern of adaptation and maladaptation generated by a generalist free‐living mutualism.
A Qualitative Study on the Perceived Consequences of Poverty: Introducing Consequential Attributions as a Missing Link in Lay Thinking on Poverty
Authors: Loix Ellen , Pepermans Roland 
Published: May 2009

In order to learn more about lay thinking on perceived consequences of poverty, a qualitative study was conducted using a combination of focus group interviews and in‐depth interviews (n = 61). The transcribed focus group and in‐depth interviews were then analysed. The results showed that lay people construct cognitive schemes about the consequences of poverty that are comparable to attributions about poverty. Accordingly, it is concluded that theorising on consequential attributions is a missing link in previous research on lay thinking about poverty.En présentant les attributions de conséquence comme un maillon manquant dans l’étude de la pensée de sens commun sur la pauvreté et dans le but d’en apprendre plus sur cette pensée et, plus particulièrement sur la façon dont le sens commun perçoit les conséquences de la pauvreté, une étude qualitative a été conduite en combinant des interviews par focus group et des entretiens en profondeur (n = 61). Ce matériel a été retranscrit puis analysé. Les résultats montrent que le sens commun construit des schèmes cognitifs à propos des conséquences de la pauvreté comparables aux attributions à propos de la pauvreté. En conséquence, on peut conclure que la théorisation sur les attributions de conséquence est un chaînon manquant dans les premières recherches sur la pensée de sens commun à propos de la pauvreté.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED: Enumeration of objects and substances in non‐human primates: experiments with brown lemurs (Eulemur fulvus)
Authors: Mahajan Neha , Barnes Jennifer L. , Blanco Marissa , Santos Laurie R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBoth human infants and adult non‐human primates share the capacity to track small numbers of objects across time and occlusion. The question now facing developmental and comparative psychologists is whether similar mechanisms give rise to this capacity across the two populations. Here, we explore whether non‐human primates’ object tracking abilities are subject to the same constraints as those of human infants. In particular, we examine whether one primate species, the brown lemur (Eulemur fulvus), also fails to represent and enumerate objects when they behave non‐rigidly or non‐cohesively. We presented lemurs with a series of expectancy violation studies involving simple 1 + 1 addition events in which we varied the entities to be enumerated. Like infants, lemurs successfully enumerated the two objects when those objects were rigid, cohesive individuals, but failed to enumerate similar‐looking non‐rigid piles of sand. In contrast to human infants, however, lemurs successfully enumerated non‐cohesive objects that broke into multiple pieces. These results are discussed in light of recent theories about object processing in human infants and adults.
Genetic architecture of verbal abilities in children and adolescents
Authors: Hoekstra Rosa A. , Bartels Meike , van Leeuwen Marieke , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe etiology of individual differences in general verbal ability, verbal learning and letter and category fluency were examined in two independent samples of 9‐ and 18‐year‐old twin pairs and their siblings. In both age groups, we observed strong familial resemblance for general verbal ability and moderate familial resemblance for verbal learning, letter and category fluency. All familial resemblance was explained by genetic factors. There was significant covariance among the tests, which was stronger in magnitude in the adolescent cohort. The covariance was mainly explained by genetic effects shared by subtests, both in middle childhood and in late adolescence. In addition to a shared set of genes that influenced all phenotypes, there were also genetic influences specific to the different verbal phenotypes.
Interregional Disparities in Productivity and the Choice of Fiscal Regime
Authors: TERAI KIMIKO 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTwo districts with divergent productivity levels engage in policy‐making on the provision of local public goods that enhance future income and hence create a dynamic linkage across periods. The policy choices of district representatives are derived under alternative fiscal systems, and the relative merits of the systems are evaluated. It is predicted that a decentralized system is more likely to be selected in a more equal society. On the other hand, when a great deal of benefit spills over from a local public good, or when policy makers are expected to care solely about the immediate effects of their decisions on their districts, a centralized system is more likely to be selected.
Oil industry, wild meat trade and roads: indirect effects of oil extraction activities in a protected area in north‐eastern Ecuador
Authors: Suárez E. , Morales M. , Cueva R. , Utreras Bucheli V. , Zapata‐Ríos G. , Toral E. , Torres J. , Prado W. , Vargas Olalla J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractStarting in 1994, a wholesale wild meat market developed in north‐eastern Ecuador, involving Waorani and Kichwa people in the area of influence of a road built to facilitate oil extraction within Yasuní National Park. Between 2005 and 2007, we recorded the trade of 11 717 kg of wild meat in this market, with pacas Cuniculus paca, white‐lipped peccaries Tayassu pecari, collared peccaries Pecari tajacu and woolly monkeys Lagothrix poeppiggi accounting for 80% of the total biomass. Almost half of the wild meat brought to the market was transported by dealers for resale at restaurants in Tena, a medium‐sized town 234 km west of the market. Prices of wild meat were 1.3–2 times higher than the price of meat of domestic animals, suggesting that it is a different commodity and not a supplementary protein source in the urban areas where it is consumed. The actual price of transportation between the local communities and the market was a significant predictor of the amount of meat sold in Pompeya. Based on this relationship the Waorani hunters sold exceptionally larger amounts of wild meat than would be expected if they would not have the transportation subsidies provided by the oil companies. Although the scale of this wild meat wholesale market is still relatively small, its dynamic reflects the complex interactions that emerge as the overriding influence of oil companies or other private industries modify the culture and subsistence patterns of marginalized indigenous groups, increasing their potential impacts on wildlife and natural ecosystems.
Population history of the Amazonian one‐lined pencilfish based on intron DNA data
Authors: Sistrom M. J. , Chao N. L. , Beheregaray L. B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe evolutionary history of Amazonian organisms is generally poorly understood. This is particularly true for small floodplain fish species that show reduced dispersal capabilities. The one‐lined pencilfish Nannostomus unifasciatus (family Lebiasinidae) is a small fish found in flooded forests of the Rio Negro Floodplain (RNF) in central Amazonia, Brazil. We used a large number of samples collected throughout the species distribution in the RNF and in its headwaters and DNA data from the second intron of the S7 ribosomal protein to reconstruct the phylogeography of N. unifasciatus. Two markedly distinct phylogroups of N. unifasciatus were detected in the RNF. Although these lineages are largely allopatric, they remain reproductively isolated in regions where they overlap, suggesting cryptic speciation in this group in the Rio Negro basin. Coalescent‐based statistical methods suggest that the history of these populations was dominated by a Miocene fragmentation of the species in the headwaters of the basin that originated the two phylogroups, followed by recent events of demographic and range expansions in the floodplain. This pattern is discussed within the context of the geomorphologic history of the region, especially geotectonics, and of marine incursions. Our results match the predictions of the palaeogeography hypothesis of speciation and outline the usefulness of an intron DNA marker to reconstruct population history of a central Amazonian fish. Because N. unifasciatus is harvested commercially in the ornamental fishery of the RNF, the two species and limited dispersal capacity between nearby populations identified here are also important to develop sound management decisions in the region.
Multiple paternity in the European hedgehog
Authors: Moran S. , Turner P. D. , O'Reilly C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPrevious observations have suggested that European hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus are promiscuous, although there have been no direct studies of the mating system to confirm this. In this study, the genetic mating system of the European hedgehog was assessed by analysing mother–offspring groups using six polymorphic microsatellite loci. Evidence of multiple paternity was found in two of five litters analysed and therefore demonstrates the occurrence of polyandry in wild populations of hedgehogs.
CGRP stimulation of iNOS and NO release from trigeminal ganglion glial cells involves mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways
Authors: Vause C. V. , Durham P. L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractClinical and basic science data support an integral role of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in the pathophysiology of temporomandibular joint disorders. Recently, we have shown that CGRP can stimulate the synthesis and release of nitric oxide (NO) from trigeminal ganglion glial cells. The goal of this study was to determine the role of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in CGRP regulation of iNOS expression and NO release from cultured trigeminal ganglion glial cells from Sprague–Dawley rats. CGRP treatment for 2 h significantly increased activity of the MAPK reporter genes, Elk, ATF‐2, and CHOP. In addition, CGRP increased nuclear staining for the active forms of the MAPKs: extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, c‐Jun amino‐terminal kinase, and p38. This stimulatory event was not observed in cultures pre‐treated with the CGRP receptor antagonist peptide CGRP8–37. Similarly, pre‐treatment with selective MAPK inhibitors repressed increases in reporter gene activity as well as CGRP‐induced increases in iNOS expression and NO release mediated by MAPKs. In addition, over‐expression of MAPK kinase 1 (MEK1), MEK3, MEK6, and MEK kinase significantly increased iNOS expression and NO production in glial cells. Results from our study provide evidence that CGRP binding to its receptor can stimulate iNOS gene expression via activation of MAPK pathways in trigeminal ganglion glial cells.
Linkages and Connections: A Framework for Research in Information and Communication Technologies, Regional Integration, and Development
Authors: Akpan‐Obong Patience , Parmentier Mary Jane C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and regional integration as a pathway to socioeconomic development in Africa and South America. Both regions share a colonial legacy often characterized by stronger economic ties to the developed world than within the regions. In recent decades, regional organizations have been involved in efforts to strengthen the infrastructure for ICTs, as well as the enhancement of economic and political integration as strategies to achieve development. However, the literature continues to show distinct research agendas that unwittingly overlook the connections between these areas. This article proposes a theoretical framework combining research on integration, ICTs, and development. It provides a brief analysis of each region and its ICT initiatives, the potential impact on regional integration, and how this relates to development. We suggest possible applications of the framework to identify and research the processes of integration and expected outcomes of development.
What if it is the other way around? Early introduction of peanut and fish seems to be better than avoidance
Authors: Wennergren Göran 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFor many years, the advice to prevent food allergy was to postpone the introduction of allergens like egg, fish and peanut. However, elimination of food allergens during pregnancy and infancy failed to prevent food allergy. Instead, several studies indicate that early introduction of food like fish and peanuts may be beneficial. The most compelling illustration of this has been presented for peanuts. The prevalence of peanut allergy is lower in children in Israel than in the UK, despite introduction of peanut during infancy in Israel. Other studies have reported that early introduction of fish reduced the risk of allergic sensitization and allergic diseases like eczema.Conclusion:  Early introduction rather than avoidance may be a better strategy for the prevention of food allergy. The mechanism may be that early introduction of food allergens during infancy might induce tolerance, thereby preventing the development of allergy.
Fire, aridity and seed banks. What does seed bank composition reveal about community processes in fire‐prone desert?
Authors: Wright Boyd R. , Clarke Peter J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractQuestions: The relationship between fire, aridity and seed banks is poorly understood in plant community ecology. We tested whether there was a close correspondence between the seed bank and standing vegetation composition with time‐since‐fire in a desert. We also examined whether longer‐lived species showed seed limitation relative to more ephemeral species, as this could influence grass‐woody ratios in a major biome.Location: Dune hummock grasslands/shrublands of central Australia.Methods: The effects of time‐since‐fire on floristic and functional group composition were examined by comparing plots unburned since 1984 against plots that had been burned in 2002. Three methods were used to quantify seed abundances: a germination trial using heat and smoke application, a flotation method, and a sieving method.Results: Seed bank densities were very low (<3000 m−2). Species similarity between the seed bank and standing vegetation was high at sites recently burned (0.86) and low in sites long‐since burned (0.52). The relative abundance of ephemeral species in the seed bank peaked in recently burned plots, but the relative abundance of seeds of woody species did not match the pattern of abundance in the standing vegetation. Remarkably, the dominant perennial grasses and woody species were either absent from the seed bank or present at extremely low abundances.Discussion: Differences in the relative abundance of ephemeral species between standing vegetation and seed bank relate to the post‐fire succession process. The small soil pool of seed from woody species may be explained by allocation to belowground carbohydrate storage over seed production. Field observations suggest, however, that production of strongly dormant seed can be prolific and that high levels of seed predation make this system strongly seed‐limited. The discovery of this seed bank syndrome indicates that shifts in grass‐woody ratios can be driven by the juxtaposition of unpredictable seed rain and fire events in these desert dunes. However, estimates of grass‐woody ratios due to changing fire regimes will be difficult to predict.