bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression patterns of the steroid receptor coactivator family in human ovarian endometriosis
Authors: Kumagami Atsuko , Ito Akiko , Yoshida‐Komiya Hiromi , Fujimori Keiya , Sato Akira 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAim:  Endometriosis is an estrogen‐dependent disease that causes pelvic pain and infertility. In this study, to examine the estrogen‐dependent mechanisms of human endometriosis, we focused on the expression patterns of the steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family of cofactors for nuclear steroid receptors and estrogen receptor α (ERα).Material and Methods:  The expression patterns of SRC‐1, transitional intermediary factor 2 (TIF2), SRC‐3, and ERα, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry of normal endometrium and ovarian endometriotic tissue. In addition, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for the SRCs was performed for ovarian endometriosis.Results:  SRCs were expressed in all examined tissues. The expression levels of SRC‐1 and the number of SRC‐1‐positive cells in ovarian endometriosis were greater than those of TIF2 and SRC‐3. In addition, immunohistochemistry showed that ERα was colocalized with SRC‐1 in almost all glandular and many stromal cells in ovarian endometriotic tissue.Conclusion:  The present study demonstrates the expression pattern of SRCs in ovarian endometriosis. It appears that SRC‐1 is predominant among the other SRC family members and colocalizes with ERα. Although further study is needed, SRC‐1 may affect the transcriptional activity of ERα in human ovarian endometriosis.
Unveiling microbial life in new deep‐sea hypersaline Lake Thetis. Part I: Prokaryotes and environmental settings
Authors: La Cono Violetta , Smedile Francesco , Bortoluzzi Giovanni , Arcadi Erika , Maimone Giovanna , Messina Enzo , Borghini Mireno , Oliveri Elvira , Mazzola Salvatore , L'Haridon Stephan , Toffin Laurent , Genovese Lucrezia , Ferrer Manuel , Giuliano Laura , Golyshin Peter N. , Yakimov Michail M. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryIn September 2008, an expedition of the RV Urania was devoted to exploration of the genomic richness of deep hypersaline anoxic lakes (DHALs) located in the Western part of the Mediterranean Ridge. Approximately 40 nautical miles SE from Urania Lake, the presence of anoxic hypersaline lake, which we named Thetis, was confirmed by swath bathymetry profiling and through immediate sampling casts. The brine surface of the Thetis Lake is located at a depth of 3258 m with a thickness of ∼157 m. Brine composition was found to be thalassohaline, saturated by NaCl with a total salinity of 348‰, which is one of highest value reported for DHALs. Similarly to other Mediterranean DHALs, seawater‐brine interface of Thetis represents a steep pycno‐ and chemocline with gradients of salinity, electron donors and acceptors and posseses a remarkable stratification of prokaryotic communities, observed to be more metabolically active in the upper interface where redox gradient was sharper. [14C]‐bicarbonate fixation analysis revealed that microbial communities are sustained by sulfur‐oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic primary producers that thrive within upper interface. Besides microaerophilic autotrophy, heterotrophic sulfate reduction, methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation are likely the predominant processes driving the ecosystem of Thetis Lake.
Cross‐talk between photomixotrophic growth and CO2‐concentrating mechanism inSynechocystissp. strain PCC 6803
Authors: Haimovich‐Dayan Maya , Kahlon Shira , Hihara Yukako , Hagemann Martin , Ogawa Teruo , Ohad Itzhak , Lieman‐Hurwitz Judy , Kaplan Aaron 
Published: April 2011

SummarySimultaneous catabolic and anabolic glucose metabolism occurs in the same compartment during photomixotrophic growth of the model cyanobacteriumSynechocystissp. PCC 6803. The presence of glucose is stressful to the cells; it is reflected in the high frequency of suppression mutations in glucose‐sensitive mutants. We show that glucose affects many cellular processes. It stimulates respiration and the rate of photosynthesis and quantum yield in low‐ but not high‐CO2‐grown cells. Fluorescence and thermoluminescence parameters of photosystem II are also affected but the results did not lend support to sustained glucose driven over reduction in the light. Glucose‐sensitive mutants such as ΔpmgA(impaired in photomixotrophic growth) and Δhik31(lacking histidine kinase 31) are far more susceptible under high than low air level of CO2. A glycine to tryptophan mutation in position 354 in NdhF3, involved in the high‐affinity CO2uptake, rescued ΔpmgA. A rise in the apparent photosynthetic affinity to external inorganic carbon is observed in high‐CO2‐grown wild‐type cells after the addition of glucose, but not in mutant ΔpmgA. This is attributed to upregulation of certain low‐CO2‐induced genes, involved in inorganic carbon uptake, in the wild type but not in ΔpmgA. These data uncovered a new level of interaction between CO2fixation (and the CO2‐concentrating mechanism) and photomixotrophic growth in cyanobacteria.
Proteomics of extremophiles
Authors: Burg Dominic , Ng Charmaine , Ting Lily , Cavicchioli Ricardo 
Published: April 2011

SummaryFunctional genomic approaches, such as proteomics, greatly enhance the value of genome sequences by providing a global level assessment of which genes are expressed, when genes are expressed and at what cellular levels gene products are synthesized. With over 1000 complete genome sequences of different microorganisms available, and DNA sequencing for environmental samples (metagenomes) producing vast amounts of gene sequence data, there is a real opportunity and a clear need to generate associated functional genomic data to learn about the source microorganisms. In contrast to the technological advances that have led to the accelerated rate and ease at which DNA sequence data can be generated, mass spectrometry based proteomics remains a technically sophisticated and exacting science. In recognition of the need to make proteomics more accessible to a growing number of environmental microbiologists so that the ‘functional genomics gap’ may be bridged, this review strives to demystify proteomic technologies and describe ways in which they have been applied, and more importantly, can be applied to study the physiology and ecology of extremophiles.
Agency problems, product market competition and dividend policies in Japan
Authors: He Wen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study investigates whether product market competition reduces agency problems between controlling shareholders and minority shareholders in Japan. In particular, we examine firms’ dividend policies in competitive versus concentrated industries. In a large sample of Japanese firms, we find that firms in more competitive industries pay more dividends, are more likely to increase dividends and are less likely to omit dividends. Furthermore, the impact of firm‐level agency problems on dividend payouts is weaker in highly competitive industries. The results suggest that product market competition can be an effective industry‐level governance mechanism that can force managers to disgorge cash to outside investors.
Order size, order imbalance and the volatility–volume relation in a bull versus a bear market
Authors: Wee Marvin , Yang Joey W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper revisits the volume–volatility relationship documented in Chan and Fong (2000) in a bull versus a bear market by using data from the period surrounding the subprime crisis in 2008. The relationship is predicted to be asymmetric because of the greater cost of short positions, the lack of liquidity and the differing trading strategies adopted in a bearish market. Our analysis shows the trading patterns in the bull and bear markets are different. Particularly, in a falling market characterised by higher volatility and lower liquidity, the frequency of order placement has doubled but orders are smaller in size. This provides evidence of investors’ shift of trading strategy in relation to the status change of the market. Furthermore, we find evidence to support the proposition that volume is more informative in a bear market than in a bull market.
RESPONSIBILITIES IN ELDERLY CARE: MR POWELL'S NARRATIVE OF DUTY AND RELATIONS
Authors: ABMA TINEKE , BRUIJN ANNE , KARDOL TINIE , SCHOLS JOS , WIDDERSHOVEN GUY 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIn Western countries a considerable number of older people move to a residential home when their health declines. Institutionalization often results in increased dependence, inactivity and loss of identity or self‐worth (dignity). This raises the moral question as to how older, institutionalized people can remain autonomous as far as continuing to live in line with their own values is concerned. Following Walker's meta‐ethical framework on the assignment of responsibilities, we suggest that instead of directing all older people towards more autonomy in terms of independence, professional caregivers should listen to the life narrative of older people and attempt to find out how their personal identity, relations and values in life can be continued in the new setting. If mutual normative expectations between caregivers and older people are not carefully negotiated, it creates tension. This tension is illustrated by the narrative of Mr Powell, a retired successful public servant now living in a residential home. The narrative describes his current life, his need for help, his independent frame of mind, and his encounters with institutional and professional policies. Mr Powell sees himself as a man who has always cared for himself and others, and who still feels that he has to fulfil certain duties in life. Mr Powell's story shows that he is not always understood well by caregivers who respond from a one‐sided view of autonomy as independence. This leads to misunderstanding and an underestimation of his need to be noticed and involved in the residential community.
TOWARD A DEFINITION OF POPULAR CULTURE
Authors: PARKER HOLT N. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe most common definitions of popular culture suffer from a presentist bias and cannot be applied to pre‐industrial and pre‐capitalist societies. A survey reveals serious conceptual difficulties as well. We may, however, gain insight in two ways. 1) By moving from a Marxist model (economic/class/production) to a more Weberian approach (societal/status/consumption). 2) By looking to Bourdieu's “cultural capital” and Danto's and Dickie's “Institutional Theory of Art,” and defining popular culture as “unauthorized culture.”
2. STORYTELLING
Authors: SCOTT JOAN W. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTNatalie Davis is a quintessential storyteller in the way theorized by Walter Benjamin, Hannah Arendt, and Michel de Certeau. Her work decenters history not simply because it grants agency and so historical visibility to those who have been hidden from history or left on its margins, but also because her stories reveal the complexities of human experience and so challenge the received categories with which we are accustomed to thinking about the world.
3. DECENTERED IDENTITIES: THE CASE OF THE ROMANTICS
Authors: SMITH BONNIE G. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTNatalie Zemon Davis's work has decentered the identities of her subjects as part of seeing their complexity. This essay, inspired by Davis's rich thought and scholarship, looks at the ways in which the Romantics in the arts decentered their thought and practices away from the West. Their decentering involved serious study of non‐Western thought and its incorporation into their art, and the regular use of opium to shape their creative works. One borrowed theme was transcendence to a higher mode of existence, often through sexual union with a woman. So influential did Romantic tropes, themes, and images derived from outside the West become that they persisted in Western culture long after the Romantics themselves had lost interest in the body of non‐Western culture from which they drew. Examples include the work of Samuel Coleridge, Walter Scott, Hector Berlioz, the Schlegel brothers, Caroline Günderode, Sidney Owenson, and others.
2. ONCE AGAIN, WITH MORE FEELING
Authors: Pomper Philip 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThis book summarizes in a compact volume Runciman's arguments to comparative sociologists that their discipline belongs under the theoretical umbrella of neo‐Darwinian selectionism. In his view, heritable variation and competitive selection govern cultural and social as well as biological evolution. Runciman makes a strong case for the usefulness of selectionism, but two of the theory's central features are problematic: his choice of units of selection; and the notion that culture can be distinguished from society historically as well as analytically. No one friendly to the basic project would argue against the need for hypotheses about units that undergo selection, but arguments can be made, also on pragmatic grounds, that he has chosen the wrong kinds of units. Runciman's learning and wisdom show to good effect in the book's fundamental approach: in the overall human story, the biological, cultural, and social coevolve. The quickly accumulating evidence of evolutionary psychology, anthropology, sociology, and neuroscience strongly supports the hypothesis that there is a biological basis for a great deal of human behavior, and also that sociocultural evolution modifies genes. History, in this way of thinking, is like a “braided stream” of unpredictably mutating, blending, and coevolving biological, cultural, and social processes. The old Darwinian image of branching fails to capture the complexity of evolutionary processes in biology, culture, and society. Runciman outlines a unified bio‐social science relying upon information theory. If his program were carried out consistently it would relegate to a non‐scientific level the traditional historical narratives about “carriers” or “vehicles”. The scientific‐explanatory level would instead feature replicators. Gametheory strategies play a prominent role in the selectionist picture. The emphasis on units of information stored in human brains or in exosomatic brain prostheses pushes neuroscience and information theory to the fore. An argument for the analytic‐heuristic value of “memes” and “practices” should be weighed against the value of other hypothetical units undergoing selection in a sociocultural evolutionary approach.
THE TIME OF THE SELF AND THE TIME OF THE OTHER
Authors: Bambach Charles 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWhat is time? This essay offers an attempt to think again about this oldest of philosophical questions by engaging David Hoy's recent book, The Time of Our Lives: A Critical History of Temporality, which proposes a “history of time‐consciousness” in twentieth‐century European philosophy. Hoy's book traces the turn‐of‐the‐century debate between Husserl and Bergson about the different senses of time across the various configurations of hermeneutics, deconstruction, poststructuralism, and feminist theory. For him, what is at stake in such a project is to distinguish between the scientific‐objective “time of the universe” and the phenomenology of human temporality, “the time of our lives.” Hoy's approach is to organize his book around the three tenses of time—past/present/future—and to view objective‐scientific time as derived from the more primordial forms of temporalizing lived experience that occur in our interpretation of time. In my reading of Hoy's work, I attempt to explore how “time” (lived, experiential, phenomenological) can be read not in terms of “consciousness” (Hoy's thematic), but in terms of the self's relationship with an Other. That is, my aim is less to establish a continental tradition about time‐consciousness, understood through the methods of genealogy, phenomenology, or critical theory, than it is to situate the problem of time in terms of an ethics of the Other. In simple terms, I read Hoy's project as too bound up with an egological interpretation of consciousness. By reflecting on time through the relationship to the Other rather than as a mode of the self's own “time‐consciousness,” I attempt to think through the ethical consequences for understanding temporality and its connection to justice.
Differential effect of opioid and cannabinoid receptor blockade on heroin‐seeking reinstatement and cannabinoid substitution in heroin‐abstinent rats
Authors: Fattore L , Spano MS , Melis V , Fadda P , Fratta W 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Opioids and cannabinoids interact in drug addiction and relapse. We investigated the effect of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and/or the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant on cannabinoid‐induced reinstatement of heroin seeking and on cannabinoid substitution in heroin‐abstinent rats.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were trained to self‐administer heroin (30 µg·kg−1 per infusion) under a fixed‐ratio 1 reinforcement schedule. After extinction of self‐administration (SA) behaviour, we confirmed the effect of naloxone (0.1–1 mg·kg−1) and rimonabant (0.3–3 mg·kg−1) on the reinstatement of heroin seeking induced by priming with the CB1 receptor agonist WIN55,212‐2 (WIN, 0.15–0.3 mg·kg−1). Then, in a parallel set of heroin‐trained rats, we evaluated whether WIN (12.5 µg·kg−1 per infusion) SA substituted for heroin SA after different periods of extinction. In groups of rats in which substitution occurred, we studied the effect of both antagonists on cannabinoid intake.KEY RESULTS Cannabinoid‐induced reinstatement of heroin seeking was significantly attenuated by naloxone (1 mg·kg−1) and rimonabant (3 mg·kg−1) and fully blocked by co‐administration of sub‐threshold doses of the two antagonists. Moreover, contrary to immediate (1 day) or delayed (90 days) drug substitution, rats readily self‐administered WIN when access was given after 7, 14 or 21 days of extinction from heroin, and showed a response rate that was positively correlated with the extinction period. In these animals, cannabinoid intake was increased by naloxone (1 mg·kg−1) and decreased by rimonabant (3 mg·kg−1).CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings extend previous research on the crosstalk between cannabinoid and opioid receptors in relapse mechanisms, which suggests a differential role in heroin‐seeking reinstatement and cannabinoid substitution in heroin‐abstinent rats.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue‐7
Low‐Efficiency Acute Renal Replacement Therapy: Role in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Marshall Mark R. , Golper Thomas A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe methodology, prescription, and delivery of acute renal replacement therapy are rapidly evolving areas. Recent clinical trials have provided clearer guidance around dosing targets for both therapy prescription and delivery. In this article, we discuss dialysis efficiency which is an area that subserves dialysis dose and pertains to manner in which a given dose is delivered. Dialysis efficiency directly effects the measurement and calculation of dose, and the occurrence of dialysis disequilibrium and hemodynamic instability. We provide recommendations around selecting the most appropriate clinical scenario and patients for higher‐efficiency versus lower‐efficiency therapy, and the implementation of therapy to achieve a given efficiency.
Nutritional Assessment and Delivery in Renal Replacement Therapy Patients
Authors: Fiaccadori Enrico , Cremaschi Elena , Regolisti Giuseppe 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe present review is aimed at illustrating and discussing literature data and recent guidelines concerning artificial nutrition in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) on renal replacement therapy (RRT). Protein‐energy wasting often complicates the clinical course of AKI in critically ill patients, increasing their morbidity and mortality risk. The most severe forms of the syndrome – those observed in ICU patients – are characterized by hypercatabolism with relevant lean body mass loss. In this clinical condition, artificial nutrition (enteral and/or parenteral nutrition) is considered an integral part of the complex therapeutic approach. Even though many issues concerning nutrition in AKI are common to other critically ill patients, the presence of AKI with the ensuing impairment of the kidney homeostatic function introduces specific problems and can make more difficult to give the patient an adequate nutrient provision. Thus, peculiarities of the syndrome – and of RRT itself – must be taken into account in nutritional planning for these patients. Recent guidelines have suggested that the enteral route should be the preferred one, even though parenteral nutrition is often required to target nutritional needs (25–30 kcal/kg body weight/day, and 1.5 + 0.2 g/kg/day to compensate for amino acid losses during RRT). Special attention should be paid to the impact of different forms of RRT on the possible loss of both macro‐ and micronutrients and vitamins, as well as to the risk of metabolic complications. Finally, close integration between nutritional support and RRT is required, aiming at carefully tailoring both therapies on patient’s changing needs.
Withholding and Withdrawing Renal Support in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Claure‐Del Granado Rolando , Mehta Ravindra L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractManagement of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) is mainly limited to supportive therapy, with dialysis as one of the main components. Whether or not to offer dialysis and when to withdraw dialysis is a one of the many choices physicians face in daily clinical practice. Withholding or withdrawing renal replacement therapy is a complex decision and depends on many interacting factors, which are unique for each patient and their families and for the care team. An evidence‐based guideline with nine specific recommendations for managing patients has been available however is infrequently employed to help clinical decision making. In this review, we discuss the important issues affecting decisions to withhold or withdraw dialysis in AKI patients and provide an approach for making these decisions for patient management.
Assessing and Delivering Dialysis Dose in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Claure‐Del Granado Rolando , Mehta Ravindra L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAssessing and delivering dialysis dose in acute kidney injury (AKI) has emerged as an important issue in the management of critically ill patients. There is ongoing debate on how dose of dialysis should be expressed and measured. Most studies have focused on clearance of small molecules (blood urea nitrogen) as a marker of delivered dose and for establishing dose–outcome relationships. Recent evidence has shown that other markers may also be important to consider, as acid–base balance and fluid overload have emerged as important factors contributing to outcomes. In this review, we provide an evaluation of current approaches to prescribing and delivering dialysis dose in AKI, identify gaps in practice and propose an integrated approach to optimize dose delivery in dialysis with a goal to improve outcomes.
Nursing Issues in Renal Replacement Therapy: Organization, Manpower Assessment, Competency Evaluation and Quality Improvement Processes
Authors: Graham Patricia , Lischer Eileen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFor the patient with acute kidney injury, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a treatment option that has application for the hemodynamically unstable critically ill patient. The decision to initiate a continuous renal replacement modality depends not only on the physician, either the nephrologist or intensivist, but also on the availability of specially trained nursing resources. This article will explore the nursing collaborative model of care at a large university‐based research and teaching Medical Center in Southern California. The focus will be on nursing issues in CRRT including organization of educational programs, manpower assessment, competency evaluation, and quality improvement processes.