bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive review on performance, reliability, and roadmap of c‐Si PV modules in desert climates: A proposal for improved testing standard
Authors: Adothu Baloji , Kumar Sagarika , John Jim Joseph , Oreski Gernot , Mathiak Gerhard , Jäckel Bengt , Alberts Vivian , Jahangir Jabir Bin , Alam Muhammad Ashraful , Gottschalg Ralph 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDesert regions have emerged as ideal places for GW utility‐scale photovoltaic (PV) module installations because of their ultra‐large spaces, abundance of high‐irradiance sunshine hours, and clear sky. However, the harsh desert climate presents challenges to the reliability and bankability of PV modules. This review provides an in‐depth understanding of the unique desert parameters impact, desert‐induced degradation modes, status, and required properties of the bill of materials (BOMs) and suggestions for the development of desert standards. The review reveals that the climatic conditions in the desert are considerably harsher than those in the moderate climate. The main degradation mechanisms caused by the desert are ultraviolet (UV)‐induced discoloration, thermomechanical flaws of interconnects, and glass abrasion (because of soiling). The development of desert modules may necessitate the use of new‐generation modules with low‐temperature coefficients, high efficiency, high bifaciality, stability under UV light, and elevated temperatures. For the desert module application, options include advanced back sheets and encapsulants that are thermally and UV stable, free of acetic acid groups, and have a low water vapor transfer rate. The degradation modes induced by desert climate are not sufficiently addressed by the present environmental and safety standards through accelerated aging tests. As a result, this article provides a summary of current standards and recommends creating a new testing proposal called the “Hot Desert Test Cycle (HDTC)” sequence that is specific to the desert climate. This comprehensive review catalyzes the PV community to explore novel designs and develop desert PV modules while adhering to localized standards.
Extracellular vesicle proteins as breast cancer biomarkers: Mass spectrometry‐based analysis
Authors: Bandu Raju , Oh Jae Won , Kim Kwang Pyo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane‐surrounded vesicles released by various cell types into the extracellular microenvironment. Although EVs vary in size, biological function, and components, their importance in cancer progression and the potential use of EV molecular species to serve as novel cancer biomarkers have become increasingly evident. Cancer cells actively release EVs into surrounding tissues, which play vital roles in cancer progression and metastasis, including invasion and immune modulation. EVs released by cancer cells are usually chosen as a gateway in the search for biomarkers for cancer. In this review, we mainly focused on molecular profiling of EV protein constituents from breast cancer, emphasizing mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomic approaches. To further investigate the potential use of EVs as a source of breast cancer biomarkers, we have discussed the use of these proteins as predictive marker candidates. Besides, we have also summarized the key characteristics of EVs as potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer and provided significant information on their implications in breast cancer development and progression. Information provided in this review may help understand the recent progress in understanding EV biology and their potential role as new noninvasive biomarkers as well as emerging therapeutic opportunities and associated challenges.
Efficient Electrochemical Performance of Sr(OH)2:MnO2 Binary Composites for Solid State Symmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Sharma Suneel Kumar , Kavyashree  , Pandey S. N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized a binder‐free composite electrode based on Sr(OH)2/MnO2 material. The active electrode was prepared using the layer‐by‐layer (LBL) technique. The surface architecture of the sample was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). Further, the microstructural information of the electrode was revealed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The composite confirmation was ensured through X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) spectra with mapping analysis. The electrode exhibited the maximum specific capacitance of 554.7 F g−1 at 5 mVs−1 in the 6 M KOH electrolyte. The electrode maintained ~65 % capacitance retention after 10,000 galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD) cycles. Furthermore, the assembled symmetric supercapacitor device exhibited the highest specific capacitance value of 124.7 F g−1 @ 5 mVs−1 within a potential span of 1.2 V. This device demonstrated the capability to illuminate light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) of different colors. The energy and power densities of the device were calculated as 26.66 Wh kg−1 and 9884.54 W kg−1 respectively. The stability performance of the device was ~57 % after 10,000 GCD cycles. These findings strongly suggest that the material and the device represent promising options for future energy storage applications.
Performance and Reaction Mechanisms of Catalytic Combustion of Toluene and Ethyl Acetate Over Fe‐Mn Oxides
Authors: Wang Wenyan , Zhang Zhihong , Sun Zhekai , Du Xiaogang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, Fe−Mn oxide catalysts were prepared by the co‐precipitation method. (Fe2O3)‐(Mn3O4)‐3 : 1 showed the best catalytic activity in the degradation of toluene and ethyl acetate, with the removal rate reaching 90 % at 166 °C and 156 °C respectively. The XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS characterizations revealed that the interaction between Fe and Mn and the higher surface adsorption of oxygen in the (Fe2O3)‐(Mn3O4)‐3 : 1 catalyst may be the main factors promoting the catalytic oxidation. (Fe2O3)‐(Mn3O4)‐3 : 1 exhibited a better removal rate in ethyl acetate than toluene at different space velocities, concentrations and water contents. Under the same conditions, the degradation rate of (Fe2O3)‐(Mn3O4)‐3 : 1 in ethyl acetate was also greater than that in xylene and butyl acetate, which was related to their oxidation processes. FT‐IR and GC‐MS characterizations of fresh and used (Fe2O3)‐(Mn3O4)‐3 : 1 catalysts revealed intermediates in the oxidation of volatile organic compounds, and the reaction mechanisms were analyzed: Firstly, VOCs molecules were adsorbed on the catalyst surface, then decomposed into organic intermediates and oxidized to CO2 and H2O finally.
Conformational Stability and Vibrational Relaxation as a Function of Halogen Substitution in Benzene sulfonamides: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Gnanasekaran Ramachandran , Pandey Hari Datt 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStudying the vibrational energy flow within molecules can help us better understand their reactivity and facilitate the design of novel functional groups for potential drug candidates. This study examined the conformation of benzene sulfonamide in solvents and vacuum. Potential energy surfaces were computed for the two possible conformations, showing that the conformers’ stability varied with the medium. Additionally, the vibrational energy redistribution of halogen‐substituted benzene sulfonamide conformers was studied in solvents and vacuums. The lifetimes of the halogen stretching mode C−X (where X=F, Cl, or Br) in the substituted benzene sulfonamides were calculated and compared. The solvent and vacuum media lifetimes followed the order: C−Cl>C−Br>C−F. However, the degree of delocalization of vibrational energy was found to vary between them.
Review on the Catalytic Significance of Zr‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Potential Catalyst for Various Organic Transformations
Authors: Bindal Aarti , Soni Akta , Kumar Parveen , Kumar Gourav , Nemiwal Meena 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWithin the extensive array of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), Zr‐based MOFs stand out as particularly promising materials due to their diverse structures, exceptional stability, and intriguing properties. These MOFs are currently in the early stages of development, but noteworthy strides have been achieved in recent years. This overview focuses on the progress in Zr‐MOFs since 2012, covering design, synthesis, and applications in various reactions such as C−H activation, oxidation, C−C, and C−N coupling approaches. Different Zr‐MOF structural variants are explained in terms of Zr‐based secondary building units and a variety of organic ligands. The review highlights the roles that Zr‐MOFs play in catalysis by highlighting their uses as porous carriers, molecule adsorption, and separation. It is anticipated that this kind of concentrated review on Zr‐MOFs would offer important direction for next studies investigating MOFs for catalytic applications.
A Novel Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Material (BTTD)MnCl4 with Intelligent Switching Applications Derived from Unusual Wheels‐Like Motion
Authors: Liu Xian‐Min , Cai Zhuoer , Zhang Yinan , Hua Xiu‐Ni , Sun Baiwang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, phase change materials (PCMs) have received extensive attention because of their applications in many fields, such as construction, semiconductor, energy and intelligent response switch. Organic‐inorganic hybrid materials (OIHMs) are wide applied in the preparation of PCMs due to their controllability of organic and inorganic components. In this study, we successfully synthesized an organic‐inorganic hybrid material (BTTD)MnCl4 (compound 1, BTTD=[(CH3)2NCH2Cl(CH2)3CH2ClN(CH3)2]. The purity of compound 1 was confirmed by PXRD. The crystal structure of compound 1 was analyzed at 300 K, 381 K and 400 K. The three different crystal structures prove the phase change of compound 1. According to the result of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), the phase transition of compound 1 is reversible. Moreover, the measured bandgap (Eg) of 1 is 2.25 eV. The dielectric constant of compound 1 fluctuates near 370 K, indicating the changes of electrical properties, so compound 1 can be used to cut off circuit. This temperature is close to the boiling point of water under standard ambient conditions. Therefore, this work provides a new direction for the design of intelligent response switch for electric kettle.
Electrochemiluminescence Systems for Metal‐Ion Detection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Harmesa Harmesa , Wahyudi A'an Johan , Saefumillah Asep , Ivandini Tribidasari A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrogenerated chemiluminescence or electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a chemiluminescence phenomenon generated by electrochemical reactions. Applying this phenomenon for metal ions detections is potentially effectual as it provides excellent selectivity and sensitivity as well as the ease of use and economical cost. Accordingly, the detection methods of many trace metals have been successfully developed by employing ECL systems, including Hg(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Fe(III), Ag(I), Co(II), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Ni(II), and As(III). There are several key components required to comprise the ECL systems, including luminophores that emit light and are directly proportionate toward metal concentrations, co‐reactants that increase the number of excited luminophores, and electrodes where the electron transfer occurs. Some new ECL systems comprising luminophores, co‐reactants, and electrodes have been developed to achieve impressive measurement results with low detection limits. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive illustration concerning the development of ECL‐based metal sensors, to elucidate a development overview of key elements employed in ECL systems and their modifications, explaining the different types of interactions due to the presence of metal ions in ECL systems, as well as to discuss the future opportunities and challenges of the ECL systems.
Enhanced Ionic Power Generation via Light‐Driven Active Ion Transport Across 2D Semiconductor Heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Yuhui , Wang Lili , Bian Qing , Zhong Chengcheng , Chen Yupeng , Jiang Lei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract2D semiconductor heterostructures exhibit broad application prospects. However, regular nanochannels of heterostructures rarely caught the researcher's attention. Herein, a metal–organic framework (i.e., Cu3(HHTP)2) and transition metal dichalcogenides (i.e., MoS2)‐based multilayer van der Waals heterostructure (i.e., Cu3(HHTP)2/MoS2) realized band alignment‐dominated light‐driven ion transport and further light‐enhanced ionic energy generation. High‐density channels of the heterostructure provide high‐speed pathways for ion transmembrane transport. Upon light illumination, a net ionic flow occurs at a symmetric concentration, suggesting a directional cationic transport from Cu3(HHTP)2 to MoS2. This is because Cu3(HHTP)2/MoS2 heterostructures containing type‐II band alignment can generate photovoltaic motive force through light‐induced efficient charge separation to drive ion transport. After introducing into the ionic power generation system, the maximum power density under illumination can achieve notable improvement under different concentration differences. In addition to the photovoltaic motive force, type‐II band alignment and material defect capture‐induced surface charge increase also raise ion selectivity and flux, greatly facilitating ionic energy generation. This work demonstrates that 2D semiconductor heterostructures with rational band alignment can not only be a potential platform for optimizing light‐enhanced ionic energy harvesting but also provide a new thought for biomimetic iontronic devices.
How Plasmon Ag Nanoparticles can Enhance the Power Performance of a Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Serrano‐Claumarchirant José F. , Cho Chungyeon , Cantarero Andrés , Culebras Mario , Abargues Rafael , Gómez Clara M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of wearable thermoelectric generators (wTEG) represents a promising strategy to replace batteries and supercapacitors required to supply electrical energy for portable electronic devices. However, the main drawback of wTEGs is that the thermal gradient between the skin and the ambient is minimal, reducing the power output produced by the generator. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the thermal management of wTEG in order to increase its efficiency. This work deals with the preparation of a thermoelectric generator that harnesses the plasmonic heating effect to enhance the thermal gradient of the final device. The thermoelectric layer is created through the in situ polymerization of terthiophene (3T) within a polyurethane matrix, utilizing silver (Ag) (I) and copper (II) perchlorate as oxidants. The plasmonic film, composed of Ag‐NP (nanoparticles), is formed via photocatalytic reduction of silver nitrate in the presence of titanium oxide. These layers are then meticulously assembled to yield the hybrid plasmonic/thermoelectric generator.
Calcinosis cutis associated with leptospirosis in a 4‐month‐old dog
Authors: Hsieh Emmelyn , Mathews Kathrina , Wolf Tatiana , Affolter Verena K. , Sykes Jane E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCanine leptospirosis is a multisystemic disease that can affect dogs of all ages and lifestyles. This report describes a 4‐month‐old dog diagnosed with acute leptospirosis and treated with dialysis and antibiotic therapy as well as intensive supportive care for 11 days of hospitalisation. About 10 days after discharge, the dog developed cutaneous lesions that were consistent with calcinosis cutis on histopathology. The lesions resolved within 1 month without specific intervention. This report discusses a potential association between calcinosis cutis and leptospirosis infection and highlights a need for early vaccination to protect young dogs.
The impact of benzoic acid and lactic acid on the treatment efficiency and microbial community in the sulfur autotrophic denitrification process
Authors: Du Jiancheng , Xu Bing , Ma Guangxiang , Ma Liang , Liang Jinhao , Li Ke , Jiao Hui , Tian Binbin , Li Bingxu , Ma Linfeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNitrate poses a potential threat to aquatic ecosystems. This study focuses on the sulfur autotrophic denitrification mechanism in the process of water culture wastewater treatment, which has been successfully applied to the degradation of nitrogen in water culture farm effluents. However, the coexistence of organic acids in the treatment process is a common environmental challenge, significantly affecting the activity of denitrifying bacteria. This paper aims to explore the effects of adding benzoic acid and lactic acid on denitrification performance, organic acid removal rate, and microbial population abundance in sulfur autotrophic denitrification systems under optimal operating conditions, sulfur deficiency, and high hydraulic load. In experiments with 50 mg·L−1 of benzoic acid or lactic acid alone, the results show that benzoic acid and lactic acid have a stimulating effect on denitrification activity, with the stimulating effect significantly greater than the inhibitory effect. Under optimal operating conditions, the average denitrification rate of the system remained above 99%; under S/N = 1.5 conditions, the average denitrification rate increased from 88.34% to 91.93% and 85.91%; under HRT = 6 h conditions, the average denitrification rate increased from 75.25% to 97.79% and 96.58%. In addition, the addition of organic acids led to a decrease in microbial population abundance. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria has always been the dominant bacterial genus, and its relative abundance significantly increased after the addition of benzoic acid, from 40.2% to 61.5% and 62.4%. At the genus level, Thiobacillus, Sulfurimonas, Chryseobacterium, and Thermomonas maintained high population abundances under different conditions.Practitioner Points
Employing autotrophic denitrification process for treating high‐nitrate wastewater.
Utilizing organic acids as external carbon sources.
Denitrifying bacteria demonstrate high utilization efficiency towards organic acids.
Organic acids promote denitrification more than they inhibit it.
The promotion is manifested in the enhancement of activity and microbial abundance.
The Virtual: Hybrid Environments and Deepfake Realities
Authors: Angelaki Vicky 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe chapter analyses the digital milieu as a definitive in-between space, establishing a dialogue between the different stages of the COVID-19 era, and bringing, equally, a reflection of the experiences that have already been shaped within pandemic times and an anticipation of the state we inherit as their legacy. The chapter probes how our electronic footprint has outweighed our physical one and traces the associated risks. It queries how our shifting relationship to the digital provides the basis for the ultimate in-betweenness: of the virtual both as gateway to the world and as destination unto itself, forever oscillating between private and public domains. The case studies in this chapter are Martin Crimp’s Not One of These People and Lucy Kirkwood’s Rapture (both 2022).
Akuter ischämischer Schlaganfall und erhöhter Troponinwert – Update des Mannheimer Algorithmus
Authors: Becker Louisa , Alonso Angelika , Kruska Mathieu , Baumann Stefan , Grassl Niklas , Lesch Hendrik , Eisele Philipp , Sieburg Tina , Behnes Michael , Schupp Tobias , Kayed Hany , Platten Michael , Duerschmied Daniel , Szabo Kristina , Akin Ibrahim , Fastner Christian 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungBei etwa der Hälfte aller Patienten mit akutem ischämischem Schlaganfall (AIS) dürfen erhöhte Werte des hochsensitiven kardialen Troponins (hs-cTn) erwartet werden. Diese Patienten sind von einer erhöhten Morbidität und Mortalität bedroht, die häufig auf eine kardiale Ursache zurückzuführen ist. Daher bedarf es einer adäquaten Aufarbeitung der zugrundeliegenden Ursache, die nur im Team aus Kardiologen und Neurologen gelingen kann. Da die Ursachen vielfältig, in ihrer klinischen Präsentation beim Patienten mit AIS atypisch oder stumm und einige wie ein begleitender Myokardinfarkt akut lebensbedrohlich sein können, sollte die Abklärung einem standardisierten Algorithmus zur Differenzialdiagnostik folgen. Die überwiegende Zahl der hs-cTn-Erhöhungen wird durch nichtischämische Myokardschäden im Zusammenhang mit dem AIS verursacht. Dieser Artikel stellt einen praxisorientierten Ansatz zur Differenzialdiagnostik mit dem Update des Mannheimer Algorithmus zu akutem ischämischem Schlaganfall und Troponinerhöhung vor.
Nitrogen Removal Performance and Microbial Community Structure of IMTA Ponds (Apostistius japonicus-Penaeus japonicus-Ulva)
Authors: Chen Daiqiang , Tian Chen , Yuan Haiqing , Zhai Wei , Chang Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDenitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) are key processes for nitrogen removal in aquaculture, reducing the accumulated nitrogen nutrients to nitrogen gas or nitrous oxide gas. Complete removal of nitrogen from aquaculture systems is an important measure to solve environmental pollution. In order to evaluate the nitrogen removal potential of marine aquaculture ponds, this study investigated the denitrification and anammox rates, the flux of nitrous oxide (N2O) at the water–air interface, the sediment microbial community structure, and the gene expression associated with the nitrogen removal process in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) ponds (Apostistius japonicus-Penaeus japonicus-Ulva) with different culture periods. The results showed that the denitrification and anammox rates in sediments increased with the increase of cultivation periods and depth, and there was no significant difference in nitrous oxide gas flux at the water–air interface between different cultivation periods (p > 0.05). At the genus and phylum levels, the abundance of microorganisms related to nitrogen removal reactions in sediments changed significantly with the increase of cultivation period and depth, and was most significantly affected by the concentration of particulate organic nitrogen (PON) in sediments. The expression of denitrification gene (narG, nirS, nosZ) in surface sediments was significantly higher than that in deep sediments (p < 0.05), and was negatively correlated with denitrification rate. All samples had a certain anammox capacity, but no known anammox bacteria were found in the microbial diversity detection, and the expression of gene (hzsB) related to the anammox process was extremely low, which may indicate the existence of an unknown anammox bacterium. The data of this study showed that the IMTA culture pond had a certain potential for nitrogen removal, and whether it could make a contribution to reducing the pollution of culture wastewater still needed additional practice and evaluation, and also provided a theoretical basis for the nitrogen removal research of coastal mariculture ponds.
Graphical Abstract