bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implant for Augmentation of Cerebral Blood Flow Trial 1: A Pilot Study Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of the Ischaemic Stroke System for Treatment of Acute Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Khurana D. , Kaul S. , Bornstein N. M. 
Published: November 2009

Introduction In rat stroke models, sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation up to 24 h after stroke onset augments cerebral blood flow, reduces infarct volume and improves neurological deficits. The ischaemic stroke system 500 has been designed to stimulate the sphenopalatine ganglion in humans. Objectives ( 1 ) To determine the safety and tolerability of the ischaemic stroke system 500 in acute ischaemic stroke within 24 h of stroke onset. ( 2 ) To determine the effectiveness of ischaemic stroke system 500 in acute ischaemic stroke treatment. Design/Methods Implant for augmentation of cerebral blood flow trial-1 is a multi-national open-label study in patients of acute ischaemic stroke in the anterior circulation with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scales 7–20. The treatment initiation will be within 24 h of stroke onset. The ischaemic stroke system is implanted adjacent to the sphenopalatine ganglion via the greater palatine canal using local anaesthesia and a minimally invasive approach. The treatment protocol is constituted as 3–4 h of daily stimulation over 5–7 days. Conclusions The implant for augmentation of cerebral blood flow trial-1 will determine the safety and tolerability of the ischaemic stroke system 500 in acute ischaemic stroke as reflected by the incidence of adverse events.
Food use and nutrient intake at worksite canteen or in packed lunches at work among Finnish employees
Authors: Raulio Susanna , Roos Eva , Ovaskainen Marja‐Leena , Prättälä Ritva 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFinnish employees have lunch at worksite canteens or have packed lunch, but the nutritional quality of neither is known. We investigated the food use and nutrient intake of Finnish employees who eat either at worksite canteens vis‐à‐vis those who eat packed lunches. Dietary data were collected by a 48‐hour‐dietary‐recall in the FINDIET 2002 survey. Employed Finns aged 25–64 years were included (n = 261). Men ate more fresh vegetables and salad dressing at the canteen than in packed lunches. Women consumed more fresh vegetables, vegetable foods and fish dishes at canteens. Among men, energy, vitamin A and carotenoid intake from canteen lunches were higher than from packed lunches. Among women, the canteen users got more energy and fat, but fewer carbohydrates and less sugar and fibre. Even though the nutritional differences in the meals eaten at different places were modest, eating at the canteen improved the diets of employees by increasing their vegetable intake.
Lethal and sub‐lethal effects of ivermectin on north temperate dung beetles,Aphodius aterandAphodius rufipes(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: O’HEA NORMA M. , KIRWAN LAURA , GILLER PAUL S. , FINN JOHN A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract. 1. Ivermectin is an anthelmintic veterinary medicine, and is excreted in the dung of treated livestock in a mainly unmetabolised form. Ivermectin is known to have toxic effects on dung beetles, but most studies to date have been conducted on tropical and sub‐tropical species. Relatively few laboratory studies have focused on the specific effects of ivermectin on survival and development of north temperate dung beetles.2. In this study, we experimentally investigated the effect of ivermectin concentration on various life stages of twoAphodiusdung beetle species. Dung was collected from cattle groups that had been treated with a subcutaneous injection of ivermectin. Laboratory bioassays were conducted by feeding adults of two beetle species (Aphodius aterandAphodius rufipes) with dung that contained different concentrations of ivermectin. Adult survival and oviposition were measured, and the subsequent development and survival of produced larvae was monitored over time.3. Larval development rates were significantly slowed by ivermectin. Ivermectin had significant negative effects on the survival of larvae. Overall, ivermectin concentration caused large and significant reductions in the cohort size from an individual dung pat that would potentially contribute to the next generation of beetles.4. In general, ivermectin concentration did not have significant negative effects on adult survival. The number of eggs per femaleA. rufipeswas significantly reduced by ivermectin concentration in one of two bioassays, but the magnitude of the effect was not large. The actual impacts on dung beetle population dynamics in farmland would depend on several other factors, which are discussed.
A PCR‐based method for diet analysis in freshwater organisms using 18S rDNA barcoding on faeces
Authors: CORSE EMMANUEL , COSTEDOAT CAROLINE , CHAPPAZ RÉMI , PECH NICOLAS , MARTIN JEAN‐FRANÇOIS , GILLES ANDRÉ 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe development of DNA barcoding from faeces represents a promising method for animal diet analysis. However, current studies mainly rely on prior knowledge of prey diversity for a specific predator rather than on a range of its potential prey species. Considering that the feeding behaviour of teleosts may evolve with their environment, it could prove difficult to establish an exhaustive listing of their prey. In this article, we extend the DNA barcoding approach to diet analysis to allow the inclusion of a wide taxonomic range of potential prey items. Thirty‐four ecological clade‐specific primer sets were designed to cover a large proportion of prey species found in European river ecosystems. Selected primers sets were tested on isolated animal, algal or plant tissues and thereafter on fish faeces using nested PCR to increase DNA detection sensitivity. The PCR products were sequenced and analysed to confirm the identity of the taxa and to validate the method. The methodology developed here was applied to a diet analysis of three freshwater cyprinid species that are assumed to have similar feeding behaviour [Chondrostoma toxostoma toxostoma (Vallot 1837), Chondrostoma nasus nasus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Barbus barbus, (Linneaus 1758)]. These three species were sampled in four different hydrographic basins. Principal Component Analysis based on prey proportions identified distinct perilithon grazer and benthophagous behaviours. Furthermore, our results were consistent with the available literature on feeding behaviour in these fish. The simplicity of the PCR‐based method and its potential generalization to other freshwater organisms may open new perspectives in food web ecology.
Galantamine‐ER For Cognitive Dysfunction In Bipolar Disorder and Correlation with Hippocampal Neuronal Viability: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study
Authors: Iosifescu Dan V. , Moore Constance M. , Deckersbach Thilo , Tilley Claire A. , Ostacher Michael J. , Sachs Gary S. , Nierenberg Andrew A. 
Published: November 2009

Background: Many subjects with bipolar disorder experience significant cognitive dysfunction, even when euthymic, but few studies assess biological correlates of or treatment strategies for cognitive dysfunction.Method: Nineteen subjects with bipolar disorder in remission, who reported subjective cognitive deficits, were treated with open‐label galantamine‐ER 8–24 mg/day for 4 months. Ten healthy volunteers matched for age and gender were also assessed. Mood and subjective cognitive questionnaires were administered monthly. At the beginning and the end of the trial all subjects were administered neuropsychological tests, including tests of attention (Conners CPT) and episodic memory (CVLT). Bipolar subjects underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) measurements before and after treatment, healthy volunteers completed baseline 1H‐MRS. We acquired 1H‐MRS data at 4.0 T from voxels centered on the left and right hippocampus to measure hippocampal N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA, a measure of neuronal viability) and choline containing compounds (Cho, a marker of lipid metabolism and membrane turn‐over).Results: Compared to healthy volunteers, bipolar subjects had higher baseline subjective cognitive deficits and lower scores on objective tests of attention (Conner's CPT) and verbal episodic memory (CVLT). After treatment, bipolar subjects experienced significant improvement of subjective cognitive scores and on objective tests of attention (Conner's CPT) and verbal episodic memory (CVLT). In the left hippocampus NAA increased and choline (Cho) decreased in bipolar subjects during treatment.Conclusion: Bipolar subjects had cognitive dysfunction; treatment with Galantamine‐ER was associated with improved cognition and with increases in neuronal viability and normalization of lipid membrane metabolism in the left hippocampus.This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00181636).
Correlated expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ with high histologic grade and basal type in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Jeong Hoiseon , Lee Youngseok , An Jungsuk , Woo Ok Hee , Park KyongHwa , Kim Aeree 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT Backgroud and aim: Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is one of the ligand‐activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor family. The protein is expressed in various kinds of tumor and has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in most cancers. We aimed to understand the role of PPARγ in breast cancer. Methods: The expression of PPARγ in 288 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma was examined using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Results: PPARγ immunoreactivity was detected in 21.5% of cases and significantly associated with expression of EGFR and ki‐67 (P= 0.008; P= 0.046). PPARγ expression was correlated with high histological grade and basal type (P≤ 0.001; P= 0.009). Conclusions: PPARγ expression is related to poor prognostic factors of breast cancer. It is considered that PPARγ has evident tumor promoting properties in vivo, but receptor‐independent effects of PPARγ ligands may compound its biologic effects in cancer. A better understanding of action mechanisms of the activated PPARγ is required.
Spectra MRSA, a New Chromogenic Agar Medium To Screen for Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Peterson Jess F. , Riebe Katherine M. , Hall Gerri S. , Wilson Deborah , Whittier Susan , Palavecino Elizabeth , Ledeboer Nathan A. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTA novel chromogenic medium, Spectra MRSA (Remel, Lenexa, KS), was designed to detect methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) rapidly and more efficiently than traditional media (i.e., tryptic soy agar with 5% sheep blood [SBA] and mannitol salt agar [MSA]). A multicenter study (including four clinical trial sites and the Medical College of Wisconsin [MCW] Milwaukee, WI) compared the performance characteristics of Spectra MRSA to those of the traditional media for the detection of MRSA. For this study, 767 nasal swab specimens from the multicenter study (traditional medium used, SBA) and 667 nasal swab specimens from MCW (traditional medium used, MSA) were plated on each test medium and examined after 24 and 48 h of incubation. At 24 h, the sensitivity and the specificity of each medium were as follows: in the multicenter study, 95.4% and 99.7%, respectively, for Spectra MRSA and 93.6% and 100%, respectively, for SBA; at MCW, 95.2% and 99.5%, respectively, for Spectra MRSA and 88.7% and 94.0%, respectively, for MSA. The positive predictive values of each medium at 24 h were as follows: in the multicenter study, 98.1% for Spectra MRSA and 100% for SBA; at MCW, 95.2% for Spectra MRSA and 60.4% for MSA. In our evaluation, we found that Spectra MRSA was able to rapidly identify and differentiate methicillin-resistantS. aureusfrom methicillin-susceptibleS. aureuson the basis of the utilization of chromogens that result in denim blue colonies, thus eliminating the need for biochemical analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Extending the incubation beyond 24 h did not significantly improve the recovery of MRSA and resulted in decreased specificity.
Population genetic structure of the Gulf of St. Lawrence aster,Symphyotrichum laurentianum(Asteraceae), a threatened coastal endemic
Authors: Heard Stephen B. , Jesson Linley K. , Tulk Kirby 
Published: November 2009

The Gulf of St. Lawrence aster ( Symphyotrichum laurentianum (Fernald) G.L. Nesom) is an endemic annual of saline habitats in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is listed as a threatened species, and has recently experienced population declines in much of its range. We used 11 allozyme markers to assay population genetic variation in six wild populations of S. laurentianum from the Magdalen Islands, Quebec (QC), the only remaining wild population from Prince Edward Island National Park (PEI), and a greenhouse population founded in 1999 with seed collected from PEI. Symphyotrichum laurentianum harbours moderate genetic diversity (Ps= 0.36, As= 1.54), with only modest spatial genetic structure (pairwise FST < 0.15) and no significant isolation by distance. The PEI population had greatly reduced allelic diversity compared with the populations from the Magdalen Islands, which likely act as a reservoir of genetic variation in S. laurentianum. Recent loss of alleles during population decline in PEI is suggested by the retention of greater allelic diversity in the greenhouse population. Estimates of breeding structure suggest small but nonzero rates of outcross pollination (FIS= 0.73, 95% CI = 0.48–0.97; outcrossing rate ∼16%). Population genetic structure in S. laurentianum can inform those forming and carrying out conservation and recovery plans for this threatened species.
DoesDryas integrifoliafix nitrogen?
Authors: Markham John H. 
Published: November 2009

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is found in plant taxa that also include non-nitrogen-fixing members. Strong evidence for the occurrence of nitrogen fixation comes from physiological measurements and the identification of the nitrogen fixing symbiont. This evidence has been provided for Dryas drummondii Richardson ex Hook. in the Rosaceae. However, while there have been numerous references to the nitrogen fixing ability of Dryas integrifolia Vahl., they can all be traced to a single report that did not provide strong evidence for nitrogen fixation. My attempts to establish nitrogen fixing nodules on vegetatively propagated plants from the field, or seedlings of D. integrifolia, using three different sources of Frankia , all failed. Since other host plants ( Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. subsp. crispa (Aiton) Turrill and Purshia tridentata (Pursh.) DC.) did produce nitrogen-fixing nodules under the same growth conditions, the ability of D. integrifolia to fix nitrogen should be considered suspect.
Eocene and Neogene volcanic rocks in the southeastern Nechako Basin, British Columbia: interpretation of the Canadian Hunter seismic reflection surveys using first-arrival tomography
Authors: Hayward Nathan , Calvert Andrew J. 
Published: November 2009

Geological investigation of the near-surface in the southeastern Nechako Basin is difficult. Shallow seismic reflection imaging is poor due in part to an extensive cover of Eocene and Neogene volcanic rocks. Outcrops of these volcanic rocks, and the primarily Cretaceous bedrock, are commonly obscured by Quaternary deposits and vegetation. Estimates of near-surface P-wave velocity are derived from the tomographic inversion of seismic first-arrivals, an effective tool when seismic imaging is poor. Tomographic model velocities are in agreement with sonic logs and laboratory samples, except for those from the Neogene Chilcotin Group. Cretaceous sedimentary rocks have velocities of ∼2800–4200 ms–1. The Eocene Endako and Ootsa Lake groups, which have velocities of ∼3000–4200 ms–1, are not distinguishable based on velocity. The velocity, the character (density, focus, and penetration depth) of rays, and ties with well and surface geology constrain the subsurface extent of the Endako Group adjacent to well b-82-C. The Chilcotin Group typically exhibits velocities (∼2400–3000 ms–1) lower than corresponding velocities from sonic logs (4500–5200 ms–1) and laboratory measurements (5000–5200 ms–1). These low model velocities may be due to the presence of high porosity, brecciated rocks near to the surface, in comparison with the other measurements that have focussed on lower porosity massive lavas. The lowest mean velocities, located to the southeast, are related to anomalously thick, high porosity, breccia-rich deposits of Chilcotin Group. This conclusion is consistent with the interpretation that the Chilcotin Group is thicker in paleo river valleys.
Improving the extraction of bilingual terminology from Wikipedia
Authors: Erdmann Maike , Nakayama Kotaro , Hara Takahiro , Nishio Shojiro 
Published: November 2009

Research on the automatic construction of bilingual dictionaries has achieved impressive results. Bilingual dictionaries are usually constructed from parallel corpora, but since these corpora are available only for selected text domains and language pairs, the potential of other resources is being explored as well.
In this article, we want to further pursue the idea of using Wikipedia as a corpus for bilingual terminology extraction. We propose a method that extracts term-translation pairs from different types of Wikipedia link information. After that, an SVM classifier trained on the features of manually labeled training data determines the correctness of unseen term-translation pairs.
Sublinear estimation of entropy and information distances
Authors: Guha Sudipto , McGregor Andrew , Venkatasubramanian Suresh 
Published: November 2009

In many data mining and machine learning problems, the data items that need to be clustered or classified are not arbitrary points in a high-dimensional space, but are distributions, that is, points on a high-dimensional simplex. For distributions, natural measures are not ℓpdistances, but information-theoretic measures such as the Kullback-Leibler and Hellinger divergences. Similarly, quantities such as the entropy of a distribution are more natural than frequency moments. Efficient estimation of these quantities is a key component in algorithms for manipulating distributions. Since the datasets involved are typically massive, these algorithms need to have only sublinear complexity in order to be feasible in practice.We present a range of sublinear-time algorithms in various oracle models in which the algorithm accesses the data via an oracle that supports various queries. In particular, we answer a question posed by Batu et al. on testing whether two distributions are close in an information-theoretic sense given independent samples. We then present optimal algorithms for estimating various information-divergences and entropy with a more powerful oracle called the combined oracle that was also considered by Batu et al. Finally, we consider sublinear-space algorithms for these quantities in the data-stream model. In the course of doing so, we explore the relationship between the aforementioned oracle models and the data-stream model. This continues work initiated by Feigenbaum et al. An important additional component to the study is considering data streams that are ordered randomly rather than just those which are ordered adversarially.
Lin−Sca-1+CD49fhigh Stem/Progenitors Are Tumor-Initiating Cells in the Pten-Null Prostate Cancer Model
Authors: Mulholland David J. , Xin Li , Morim Ashkan , Lawson Devon , Witte Owen , Wu Hong 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
We have shown previously that Pten deletion leads to the expansion of subset of prostate cancer cells positive for CK5 and p63. Although this subpopulation may be involved in tumor initiation or progression, studies to date have not functionally validated this hypothesis. Using in vitro sphere-forming assay and in vivo prostate reconstitution assay, we show here the presence of a tumor-initiating subpopulation in the Pten prostate cancer mouse model. Specifically, we show that the Lin−Sca-1+CD49fhigh (LSC) subpopulation overlaps with CK5+;p63+ cells and is significantly increased during prostate cancer initiation and progression and after castration. Mutant spheres mimic the structural organization of the epithelial compartment in the Pten-null primary tumor. Sorted LSC cells from either Pten-null spheres or primary tumors are able to regenerate prostate epithelial structure with cancerous morphology, closely mimicking that of primary cancers. Therefore, the LSC subpopulation is capable of initiating a cancerous phenotype that recapitulates the pathology seen in the primary lesions of the Pten mutant prostate model. [Cancer Res 2009;69(22):8555–62]
Microenvironmental Independence Associated with Tumor Progression
Authors: Anderson Alexander R.A. , Hassanein Mohamed , Branch Kevin M. , Lu Jenny , Lobdell Nichole A. , Maier Julie , Basanta David , Weidow Brandy , Narasanna Archana , Arteaga Carlos L. , Reynolds Albert B. , Quaranta Vito , Estrada Lourdes , Weaver Alissa M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Tumor-microenvironment interactions are increasingly recognized to influence tumor progression. To understand the competitive dynamics of tumor cells in diverse microenvironments, we experimentally parameterized a hybrid discrete-continuum mathematical model with phenotypic trait data from a set of related mammary cell lines with normal, transformed, or tumorigenic properties. Surprisingly, in a resource-rich microenvironment, with few limitations on proliferation or migration, transformed (but not tumorigenic) cells were most successful and outcompeted other cell types in heterogeneous tumor simulations. Conversely, constrained microenvironments with limitations on space and/or growth factors gave a selective advantage to phenotypes derived from tumorigenic cell lines. Analysis of the relative performance of each phenotype in constrained versus unconstrained microenvironments revealed that, although all cell types grew more slowly in resource-constrained microenvironments, the most aggressive cells were least affected by microenvironmental constraints. A game theory model testing the relationship between microenvironment resource availability and competitive cellular dynamics supports the concept that microenvironmental independence is an advantageous cellular trait in resource-limited microenvironments. [Cancer Res 2009;69(22):8797–806]