bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sweetened Beverage Consumption, Incident Coronary Heart Disease, and Biomarkers of Risk in Men
Authors: de Koning Lawrence , Malik Vasanti S. , Kellogg Mark D. , Rimm Eric B. , Willett Walter C. , Hu Frank B. 
Published: March 2012

Background—
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with weight gain and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Few studies have tested for a relationship with coronary heart disease (CHD) or intermediate biomarkers. The role of artificially sweetened beverages is also unclear.

Methods and Results—

We performed an analysis of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, a prospective cohort study including 42 883 men. Associations of cumulatively averaged sugar-sweetened (eg, sodas) and artificially sweetened (eg, diet sodas) beverage intake with incident fatal and nonfatal CHD (myocardial infarction) were examined with proportional hazard models. There were 3683 CHD cases over 22 years of follow-up. Participants in the top quartile of sugar-sweetened beverage intake had a 20% higher relative risk of CHD than those in the bottom quartile (relative risk=1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.33;
P
for trend <0.01) after adjustment for age, smoking, physical activity, alcohol, multivitamins, family history, diet quality, energy intake, body mass index, pre-enrollment weight change, and dieting. Artificially sweetened beverage consumption was not significantly associated with CHD (multivariate relative risk=1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.93–1.12;
P
for trend=0.28). Adjustment for self-reported high cholesterol, high triglycerides, high blood pressure, and diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus slightly attenuated these associations. Intake of sugar-sweetened but not artificially sweetened beverages was significantly associated with increased plasma triglycerides, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 and decreased high-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein(a), and leptin (
P
<0.02).

Conclusions—
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of CHD and some adverse changes in lipids, inflammatory factors, and leptin. Artificially sweetened beverage intake was not associated with CHD risk or biomarkers.
On Sakara's Authorship of the Kenopaniadbhāya*
Authors: Mayeda Sengaku 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIt is an interesting fact that there are two commentaries on the Kenopaniad which are ascribed to one and the same author, Sakara; one is entitled Padabhāya and the other Vākyabhāya. Several scholars such as Belvalkar, Bhattacharya and Saccidanandendra Sarasvati have asserted that only the PBh is S's authentic work while the VBh is spurious. Here I would like to take up these two commentaries and discuss their authenticity.
On the metrics and origin of Rig-Vedic ná ‘like, as’
Authors: Vine Brent 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBeginning with the synchronic metrical distribution of ná and ná ‘NEG’, we attempted to formulate, first, certain principles of Rig-Vedic exegesis (which we applied to several obscure or hitherto imperfectly understood passages), and second, a theory concerning the origin of the comparative function of ná. Unlike previous explanations, the theory described above accounts in a systematic way for the formal, functional, and metrical features of ná.We considered, in addition, the following theoretical points: possible implications of ná phraseology for the historical analysis of Rig-Vedic meters; the lack of universal principles, as yet, for predicting the direction and nature of secondary marking in the case of functional split of a particle; the interaction of secondary phraseological patterns with original phraseology, resulting in synchronic irregularity in metrical distribution.Finally, we suggested that the syntactic behavior of ná and ná ‘NEG’ confirms the theory presented here concerning the origin of ná.
Avestisch frauuaši-
Authors: Narten Johanna 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAv. frauuaši- < * fra-uárti- belongs to the se root var ‘to chose’ and may be derived from the zero grade (*ulh1-ti-) or the full grade form (cf. YAv. hąm. var∂ti-, from the ani root var ‘to ward off’). The original meaning is ‘decisive choice’ (‘Wahlentscheidung’, Lommel). While the words var, fra-var ‘to chose’ and var∂na- ‘decisive choice’ are characteristic for the Gathas, in post-Gathic texts the verb developed the meaning ‘to profess’ and the noun that of ‘teaching’. In Vedic the use of v (- the ani forms are Vedic innovations -) focuses on the retinue system and the selection of priests (pravara-). The OIr. form *fra- árti- ‘decisive choice’ may find its origin in the retinue system as well. This concept designates the act of choosing sides in the fight between the good and evil forces. Personification of this idea led to the concept of an immortal being, a personal ‘protecting force’, belonging to each human being. Only the Fravaši of the one adhering to Aša is mentioned, only such a Fravaši is worthy of being worshipped, can be envoked, and is helpful.
Reinscribing Orientalism: Gendering Modernity in Colonial Malaya
Authors: Holden Philip 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe conceptual framework of Said's Orientalism has been extensively applied in colonial discourse analysis to reveal the binary oppositions which structure the life world of the colonizer. Said's work, however, is perhaps most suggestive in its illumination of subject formation in colonial modernity in its broadest sense. This paper reads three colonial literary texts by Joseph Conrad, Hugh Clifford and Lim Boon Keng to show how a gendered modern subjectivity created in Orientalist discourse might be refurbished by the colonized, and form the basis for a proto-nationalist subjectivity through the application of the powerful and yet compromised discursive strategy of "auto-Orientalism."
Micro-plot evaluation of the yield reduction potential of Pratylenchus coffeae, Helicotylenchus multicinctus and Meloidogyne javanica on plantain cv. Apantu-pa (Musa spp., AAB-group) in Ghana
Authors: Brentu Collinson F. , Speijer Paul R. , Green Kim R. , Hemeng Barbara M.S. , De Waele Dirk , Coyne Daniel L. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The damage potential of the plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus coffeae,
Helicotylenchus multicinctus and Meloidogyne javanica, was assessed on
plantain (Musa spp., AAB-group) cv. Apantu-pa in microplots in Ghana. Hot
water treated suckers, planted in 3 l plastic bags containing sterilised
soil, were inoculated 1 month after planting with a single nematode species
or a nematode species mixture; controls were not inoculated. The initial
single species inocula consisted of 1000 or 10 000 nematodes per plant,
whilst the initial species mixture inoculum consisted of 3000 nematodes of
each nematode species per plant. Two months after planting, the suckers were
transplanted into micro-plots (0.7 m3 concrete containers filled with
sterilised soil). Inoculation of single species at either density resulted
in lower (P ≤ 0.05) bunch weights of the mother plants (between 23-33%
lower) than the noninoculated control plants, whilst bunch weights of plants
inoculated with the species mixture were 18% lower (P ≤ 0.05). Nematode
damage indices (% dead roots, root necrosis and sucker corm lesions) were
more severe in P. coffeae inoculated treatments. There was no difference
between inoculated treatments and the control in plant growth parameters
(days to flowering, number of standing leaves, height, girth, number of
suckers) of the mother plant at flowering and harvest. Plant toppling
occurred only in, and in all, treatments involving P. coffeae, with up to
60% of bunch-carrying plants toppled in the most affected treatment
(inoculation of 10 000 nematodes per plant). Therefore, projected yields per
ha were low in P. coffeae inoculated treatments: 41, 73 and 65% lower than
the control for inoculation of 1000, 10 000 and 3000 (in species mixture)
individuals, respectively. Inoculation with 10 000 H. multicinctus or M.
javanica per plant resulted in yield losses of 26 and 30%, respectively.
This study suggests that P. coffeae is likely to be the most important
biotic constraint to plantain production in Ghana. Nematodes have been
viewed as the major biotic constraint to plantain production in the country,
and P. coffeae is the most widespread and abundant nematode species on
plantain in Ghana. The results further demonstrate that H. multicinctus and
M. javanica can cause considerable yield reduction in plantain.
Marxists, Muslims and Religion: Anglo-French Attitudes
Authors: Callinicos Alex 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe article addresses the divergent responses of the radical Left in Britain and France to the emergence of Muslims as a political subject in the advanced capitalist countries. It takes the case of a recent book by Daniel Bensaïd to illustrate the influence of a secular republican ideology that acts as an obstacle to French Marxists' recognition that assertions of Muslim identity should not simply be dismissed as reactionary but understood as potentially a rejection of the oppression suffered by Muslims in Western societies. The article calls for a recognition of the positive aspects of postcolonial theory and concludes that the Marxist interpretation of religion as a search for an other-worldly solution to real suffering and injustice should be applied consistently to all expressions of faith.
Images of the Supernatural World: Bactria-Margiana Seals and Relations With the Near East and the Indus
Authors: Aruz Joan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper focuses on one aspect of the representation of divinity in the Oxus region: the way in which animal and human characteristics are combined to create various supernatural creatures. Both the presence and absence of certain attributes are emphasized in the attempt to define the extent to which the Oxus region relates to that of its neighbours both east and west. There are some pervasive similarities in the artistic rendering of divine power throughout the Near East, western Central Asia and the Indus Valley. However, there are also major differences, which seem to illustrate the impact of Mesopotamian divine imagery on Harappan art, while the deities and demons of Bactria-Margiana belong to a world similar, in part, to that expressed in the arts of southern Iran.
Historical Perspectives On the Development of the European Pentecostal Theological Association
Authors: Bundy David 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe European Pentecostal Theological Association (EPTA), came into being 16 March, 1979, in a room provided by the Freie Christengemeinde, Vienna, Austria. At that meeting the purpose, goals and modus operandi were chosen along with a name. Officers were elected and charged with preparing a draft of a constitution to be considered at the next meeting.1 Such was the foundation of what should prove to be a very significant movement toward interchange and cooperation in European Pentecostal theological education. In order that the import might be best appreciated, let us briefly consider the history of theological education within the Pentecostal movements of Europe and the move toward significant cooperation.
The Ongoing Challenge of hiv and aids to African Theology: A Review Article
Authors: van Klinken Adriaan S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article offers an extended review of some recent publications in the field of African theology and hiv and aids. Hence it critically examines the progress that is made in the engagement with and the reflection on issues related to the hiv epidemic by African theologians. The article notices the emergence of a new strand of Africa theology, a (liberation) theology of hiv and aids, which builds on and employs the classic strands of African liberation, inculturation, reconstruction and women’s theology. Moreover, some challenging issues for the further African theological engagement with hiv and aids are identified.
Ibo Spirituality and Marriage Customs On the Eve of Nigerian Independence: the Testimony of Onuora Nzekwu's Wand of Noble Wood
Authors: Hale Frederick A 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFor many years scholars of African religion have appreciated the potential insights that imaginative literature can provide into religious beliefs and practices in rapidly transforming societies, not least with regard to the confrontation of indigenous religions and missionary Christianity. Generally ignored, however, has been the fiction of Onuora Nzekzuu, a talented Ibo novelist who during the 1960s was hailed as one founder ofNigerian letters but who stood in the shadow of Chinua Achebe and a handful of other contemporary literary giants. The present article is a study of enduring commitment to Ibo spiritual and marital traditions and the critique of Roman Catholic missionary endeavours in Nzekwu's first novel, Wand of Noble Wood (1961). It is argued that in this pioneering treatment of these recurrent themes in African literature of that decade, Nzekwu vividly highlighted the quandary in which quasi- Westernised Nigerians found themselves as they sought to come to grips with the confluence of colonial and indigenous values and folkways on the eve of national independence in 1960. Nzekwu did not speak for all Ibo intellectuals of his generation; his portrayal of the weakness of Ibo commitment to the Roman Catholic Church is squarely contradicted by other literary observers, such as T Obinkaram Echewa.
Bacon, Hobbes and the Aphorisms at Chatsworth House
Authors: Pagallo Ugo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn my research published last year, i.e. Homo homini deus. Per un'introduzione al pensiero giuridico di Francis Bacon, I have analytically presented the Aphorismi de Jure gentium maiore sive de fontibus justiciae et iuris and I have closely studied the relationship between the legal and political philosophy of the Lord Chancellor and the civil science of Thomas Hobbes1. In the present essay I will try to summarize some of the main reasons why I think that manuscript of Chatsworth House, discovered to be Bacon's only in 1980, is so important. It clarifies, with its twenty aphorisms, some crucial principles of Bacon's civil philosophy that would probably remain otherwise shadowed. So, here I will take as an excellent example that concept of sovereignty which is presented in the Aphorismi. His famous silences - for which the Lord Chancellor has been often considered the worthy, English heir of Machiavelli: 'We're much beholden...'2, - will be better understood at the light of this 'new' text. However, there is not only this sort of silence that Baconian scholars have to face and to understand, also a historiographical tradition has been consolidated in the twentieth century that has almost forgotten Bacon's civil philosophy. Those Bacon's legal and political texts that have been still considered and analyzed by philosophical critique, have been generally misunderstood. So, in order to avoid as far as possible such a fate for the Aphorismi de Jure gentium maiore either, it is necessary to consider that historical context which, as we shall see, depends very much on separating Bacon as a political thinker from his younger contemporary, Thomas Hobbes.
Hobbes: Premier Theorist of Authority
Authors: Flathman Richard E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe argument of this paper is as follows: IF there is a single most perspicuous account or analysis of the concept of authority, and IF there is a single most compelling normative conception of authority, then that account and that conception find their origin and one of their most forceful articulations in the writings of Thomas Hobbes. Needless to say, the hesitations marked by my two "ifs" are yet larger and more difficult to overcome than my modest graphology can show them to be. If we approach questions about authority with the temperamental or dispositional (but not dogmatic) skepticism of Hobbes himself, we will be suspicious of the idea that there is or ever will be a "single most perspicuous" analysis or a "single most compelling" assessment of this - in the once popular jargon -"essentially contested" concept and idea. His skepticism notwithstanding, Hobbes himself wrote with great verve and self-confidence concerning this topic. We can, at least provisionally, follow him in putting our skepticism in abeyance and do our best to develop the arguments anticipated in the opening paragraph above.
A Study of Corporate Social Responsibility Reports in China (Reporting Year 2009)
Authors: _ _ 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
CSR reporting in China is attracting unprecedented attention. In 2009, 582 CSR reports were published, 3.44 times the 169 published in 2008, in a “wellspring’’ increasing trend. While China’s reports comprised roughly 5% of all those published globally, China’s share surged to 15% in 2009.
The overall quality of CSR reports in China is not high. Roughly half are still in their beginning phases and lack breadth and depth in the information reported. The coverage rate of various indicators is low, as is the degree to which reports adhere to international reporting standards. They still fell short on responding to the concerns of stakeholders and embodying company’s values. China’s CSR reports are also markedly weaker both in terms of report quality and the composition of the entities on which reports were produced. Still, there is enormous potential for China’s CSR reports. In coming years, we fully expect the number published to sustain its rapid increase, the quality to improve greatly, and we expect these reports to be served as a common international language among corporations, in which their corporate values can be expressed.
The Legacies of the Ballets Russes
Authors: Garafola Lynn 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This essay traces the multiple legacies of the Ballets Russes during the 100 years following the company’s first performances in 1909. Dividing the intervening century into four periods (“The Lifetime of the Ballets Russes,” “1930-1954,” “1954-1987: Glamor and Revival,” and “1987 to the Present: Historicity and the End of the Cold War”), it analyzes the dispersal, migration, transformation, and assimilation of its repertory, choreographic methodologies, cultural narratives, aesthetics, and historiography.
A signal processing approach for enriched region detection in RNA polymerase II ChIP-seq data
Authors: Han Zhi , Tian Lu , Pécot Thierry , Huang Tim , Machiraju Raghu , Huang Kun 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
RNA polymerase II (PolII) is essential in gene transcription and ChIP-seq experiments have been used to study PolII binding patterns over the entire genome. However, since PolII enriched regions in the genome can be very long, existing peak finding algorithms for ChIP-seq data are not adequate for identifying such long regions.

Methods
Here we propose an enriched region detection method for ChIP-seq data to identify long enriched regions by combining a signal denoising algorithm with a false discovery rate (FDR) approach. The binned ChIP-seq data for PolII are first processed using a non-local means (NL-means) algorithm for purposes of denoising. Then, a FDR approach is developed to determine the threshold for marking enriched regions in the binned histogram.

Results
We first test our method using a public PolII ChIP-seq dataset and compare our results with published results obtained using the published algorithm HPeak. Our results show a high consistency with the published results (80-100%). Then, we apply our proposed method on PolII ChIP-seq data generated in our own study on the effects of hormone on the breast cancer cell line MCF7. The results demonstrate that our method can effectively identify long enriched regions in ChIP-seq datasets. Specifically, pertaining to MCF7 control samples we identified 5,911 segments with length of at least 4 Kbp (maximum 233,000 bp); and in MCF7 treated with E2 samples, we identified 6,200 such segments (maximum 325,000 bp).

Conclusions
We demonstrated the effectiveness of this method in studying binding patterns of PolII in cancer cells which enables further deep analysis in transcription regulation and epigenetics. Our method complements existing peak detection algorithms for ChIP-seq experiments.
The evolution of cardiolipin biosynthesis and maturation pathways and its implications for the evolution of eukaryotes
Authors: Tian Hai-Feng , Feng Jin-Mei , Wen Jian-Fan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Cardiolipin (CL) is an important component in mitochondrial inner and bacterial membranes. Its appearance in these two biomembranes has been considered as evidence of the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria. But CL was reported to be synthesized through two distinct enzymes--CLS_cap and CLS_pld in eukaryotes and bacteria. Therefore, how the CL biosynthesis pathway evolved is an interesting question.

Results
Phylogenetic distribution investigation of CL synthase (CLS) showed: most bacteria have CLS_pld pathway, but in partial bacteria including proteobacteria and actinobacteria CLS_cap pathway has already appeared; in eukaryotes, Supergroup Opisthokonta and Archaeplastida, and Subgroup Stramenopiles, which all contain multicellular organisms, possess CLS_cap pathway, while Supergroup Amoebozoa and Excavata and Subgroup Alveolata, which all consist exclusively of unicellular eukaryotes, bear CLS_pld pathway; amitochondriate protists in any supergroups have neither. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the CLS_cap in eukaryotes have the closest relationship with those of alpha proteobacteria, while the CLS_pld in eukaryotes share a common ancestor but have no close correlation with those of any particular bacteria.

Conclusions
The first eukaryote common ancestor (FECA) inherited the CLS_pld from its bacterial ancestor (e. g. the bacterial partner according to any of the hypotheses about eukaryote evolution); later, when the FECA evolved into the last eukaryote common ancestor (LECA), the endosymbiotic mitochondria (alpha proteobacteria) brought in CLS_cap, and then in some LECA individuals the CLS_cap substituted the CLS_pld, and these LECAs would evolve into the protist lineages from which multicellular eukaryotes could arise, while in the other LECAs the CLS_pld was retained and the CLS_cap was lost, and these LECAs would evolve into the protist lineages possessing CLS_pld. Besides, our work indicated CL maturation pathway arose after the emergence of eukaryotes probably through mechanisms such as duplication of other genes, and gene duplication and loss occurred frequently at different lineage levels, increasing the pathway diversity probably to fit the complicated cellular process in various cells. Our work also implies the classification putting Stramenopiles and Alveolata together to form Chromalveolata may be unreasonable; the absence of CL synthesis and maturation pathways in amitochondriate protists is most probably due to secondary loss.