bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cacophony of Autochthony: Representing Indigeneity in Oaxacan Popular Mobilization
Authors: Norget Kristin 
Published: April 2010

RESUMENEste artículo examina la movilización popular y social en Oaxaca, México a través del ejemplo del movimiento de la Asamblea Popular de los Pueblos de Oaxaca (APPO). Estas páginas se centran en la manera en que el concepto de “indigeneidad” fue utilizado en representaciones e identificaciones de la APPO por diversos actores sociales. Un análisis más profunda de la actual movilización social en Oaxaca, ejemplificado por la APPO, sugiere que el uso de indigeneidad como etiqueta de identidad requiere una perspectivacrítica. Este trabajo argumenta que una dependencia aparente de modos de pensar dicotomizados (por ej., indígena/no‐indígena) nos limita a la hora de revelar los diálogos de identidad dentro de la APPO y otras formas actuales de movilización colectiva a gran escala en Latinoamérica. También obstaculiza el reconocimiento de la extensión y medios con los que las identidades generadas por movilizaciones aquí y más allá son constituidas por una sociedad civil más global (y virtual).This article examines popular social mobilization in Oaxaca, Mexico, through the example of the 2006 movement of the Asamblea Popular de los Pueblos de Oaxaca (APPO). It focuses on the way the concept of “indigeneity” came to be used in representations and identifications of the APPO by various social actors. A deeper examination of current social mobilization in Oaxaca as exemplified by the APPO suggests that the use of indigeneity as an identity label should be approached with a more sharply ground critical lens. This work argues that an apparent continued analytical reliance on modes of dichotomized thinking (e.g., indigenous/non‐indigenous) is limiting in terms of revealing the complicated interpellations of identity at play in the APPO and other current forms of large‐scale collective action in Latin America. It also prevents recognition of the extent and ways in which movement identities here and elsewhere are being constituted by an increasingly global (and virtual) civil society.
ABOUT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF THE MULTIFRACTAL SPECTRUM OF NATURAL SERIES
Authors: FIGLIOLA ALEJANDRA , SERRANO EDUARDO , PACCOSI GUSTAVO , ROSENBLATT MARIEL 
Published: April 2010

Complex natural systems present characteristics of scalar invariance. This behavior has been experimentally verified and a large related bibliography has been reported. Multifractal Formalism is a way to evaluate this kind of behavior. In the past years, different numerical methods to estimate the multifractal spectrum have been proposed. These methods could be classified into those that originated from the wavelet analysis and others from numerical approximations like the Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA), proposed by Kantelhardt and Stanley. Recently, S. Jaffard and co-workers proposed the Wavelet Leaders (WL) method that exploits the potential of wavelet analysis and the efficiency of the Multiresolution Wavelet Schema. In a previous work, we checked that both methods are equivalent for estimating fractal properties in a series from singular measures. Now, we apply MFDFA and WL to natural signals with self-similar structures, but unknown multifractal spectrum. We observe that some differences appear in their respective estimations, particularly when the signals are corrupted with fractional Gaussian noise.
The role of mantle hydration in continental crust recycling in the wedge region
Authors: Meda Marco , Marotta Anna Maria , Spalla Maria Iole 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

In orogenic belts high pressure–low temperature (HP–LT) metamorphism can widely affect units derived from both the oceanic and the continental lithosphere. In order to verify whether high
P
/
T
(pressure/temperature) ratios recorded in the continental lithosphere can result from tectonic erosion, ablative subduction and recycling in the mantle wedge, we implemented a 2D numerical model to simulate oceanic subduction beneath a continent. Particular attention is paid to the role played by mantle hydration within the continental crust recycled in the wedge region. A comparison between hydrated and non-hydrated models highlights that hydration is fundamental in allowing the recycling of crustal material at shallow depths (≤150 km for a convergence rate of 1 cm year
−1
), making the uprising and exhumation of buried crustal material during active subduction possible. The recycled crustal material can originate from any crustal level. The
T
max
and
P
max
distributions within the final marker configuration show that crustal recycling induces the coupling of volumes that reached different depths during their paths in the corner flow. To verify the reliability of this model we compare predictions with natural geological data from the Austroalpine Sesia–Lanzo Zone (SLZ), the largest eclogite-facies crustal fragment of early Alpine age and whose Alpine tectonic evolution has been interpreted as compatible with a cycle of burial at depth and exhumation during active subduction of the oceanic lithosphere. The relationships between natural
P
–
T
estimates and predicted
P
–
T
values show that the simulated geodynamic scenario generates a thermal regime coherent with that affecting the subducted continental crust of the SLZ, which may have been stable for a long time during Alpine subduction, allowing the SLZ rocks to accomplish their burial and exhumation path under an active subduction regime.
Microstructure and elastic anisotropy of naturally deformed leucogneiss from a shear zone in Montalto (southern Calabria, Italy)
Authors: Cirrincione Rosolino , Fazio Eugenio , Heilbronner Renée , Kern Hartmut , Mengel Kurt , Ortolano Gaetano , Pezzino Antonino , Punturo Rosalda 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

A strain gradient was mesoscopically recognized in sheared leucogneisses cropping out near Mount Montalto (Calabria, southern Italy) in the Aspromonte–Peloritani Unit on the basis of field observations. In order to investigate the relationship between textural and physical anisotropy, a microstructural and petrophysical study was carried out on selected mylonites exhibiting different stages of deformation. The main mineral assemblage is Qtz+Pl+Kfs+Wm, displaying
S
–
C
and shear-band textures; mica-fish and ribbon-like quartz are widespread.

As strain increases K-feldspar, biotite and premylonitic low phengite white mica transformed to synmylonitic high phengite white mica and quartz, accompanied by an increasing albitization. Different quartz
c
-axis patterns are ascribable to non-coaxial progressive deformation; we suggest that deformation proceeded under greenschist- up to amphibolite-facies conditions owing to a local increase in shearing temperature.

Laboratory seismic measurements were carried out on sample cubes (43 mm edged) cut according to the structural frame (foliation, lineation) of the rock. At 400 MPa and room temperature the averages of compressional (
V
p
) and shear-wave velocities (
V
s
) are very similar: 5.70–5.91 and 3.36–3.55 km s
−1
, respectively. Seismic anisotropy and shear-wave splitting are related to the modal amounts of constituent minerals (in particular mica) and their crystallographic preferred orientation. Importantly, anisotropy is lowest in the most strained rock.
Geometry of intercrystalline brine in plastically deforming halite rocks: inference from electrical resistivity
Authors: Watanabe Tohru 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Electrical impedance measurements were performed on deforming fine-grained (
c.
300 µm) synthetic halite rocks containing small quantities of water in order to study the distribution of intercrystalline brine. The experimental conditions were 125 °C and 50 MPa confining pressure. The resistivity at the predeformational, heated and hydrostatically pressurized state suggests that brine is interconnected in halite. The resistivity progressively increases with deformation, reflecting the change in distribution. In this paper we applied a simple tube model to the resistivity change, and found that the change must be caused by deformation of a thin fluid path with an initial aspect ratio of less than 2×10
−4
. Brine must, therefore, exist on grain boundaries as a thin fluid film. Previous studies on dihedral angles, however, showed that brine cannot be interconnected under our experimental conditions. The variation in grain-boundary energy cannot explain the coexistence of grain-boundary brine with a positive dihedral angle. The observed resistivity change requires grain-boundary brine to be very thin (<100 nm). Such a thin fluid film might have properties distinct from the bulk fluid, and coexist with brine pores at grain corners and grain faces.
Block model versus thermomechanical model: new insights on the present-day regional deformation in the surroundings of the Calabrian Arc
Authors: Splendore Raffaele , Marotta Anna Maria , Barzaghi Riccardo , Borghi Alessandra , Cannizzaro Letizia 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

A finite-element thermomechanical model is used to analyse present-day crustal deformation in the surroundings of the Calabrian Arc. The major structural complexities of the Tyrrhenian area are taken into account, along with the rheological properties of the rocks resulting from a thermal analysis. A comparison between the results obtained from a model composed of three wide rheologically uniform blocks and those obtained from the thermomechanical model allows us to better constrain the geophysical assumptions and shed light on the roles of the different active mechanisms acting in the Tyrrhenian. Our comparative analysis enlightens the crucial role played by lateral rheological heterogeneities when deformation is analysed at short wavelengths of a few hundred kilometres of the Tyrrhenian, driving the observed diffuse SW–NE extension within the regional context of active Africa–Eurasia convergence. Furthermore, a χ
2
analysis based on comparisons with GPS data confirms the hypothesis that a significant part of the Africa–Eurasia convergence is absorbed through the Calabrian subduction.
Analysis and approximation for bank selection instruction minimization on partitioned memory architecture
Authors: Li Minming , Xue Chun Jason , Liu Tiantian , Zhao Yingchao 
Published: April 2010

A large number of embedded systems include 8-bit microcontrollers for their energy efficiency and low cost. Multi-bank memory architecture is commonly applied in 8-bit microcontrollers to increase the size of memory without extending address buses. To switch among different memory banks, a special instruction, Bank Selection, is used. How to minimize the number of bank selection instructions inserted is important to reduce code size for embedded systems.
In this paper, we consider how to insert the minimum number of bank selection instructions in a program to achieve feasibility. A program can be represented by a control flow graph (CFG). We prove that it is NP-Hard to insert the minimum number of bank selection instructions if all the variables are pre-assigned to memory banks. Therefore, we introduce a 2-approximation algorithm using a rounding method. When the CFG is a tree or the out-degree of each node in the CFG is at most two, we show that we can insert the bank selection instructions optimally in polynomial time. We then consider the case when there are some nodes that do not access any memory bank and design a dynamic programming method to compute the optimal insertion strategy when the CFG is a tree. Experimental result shows the proposed techniques can reduce bank selection instructions significantly on partitioned memory architecture.
Resilience analysis
Authors: Altmeyer Sebastian , Maiza Claire , Reineke Jan 
Published: April 2010

In preemptive real-time systems, scheduling analyses need - in addition to the worst-case execution time - the context-switch cost. In case of preemption, the preempted and the preempting task may interfere on the cache memory.
This interference leads to additional cache misses in the preempted task. The delay due to these cache misses is referred to as the cache-related preemption delay~(CRPD), which constitutes the major part of the context-switch cost.
In this paper, we present a new approach to compute tight bounds on the CRPD for LRU set-associative caches, based on analyses of both the preempted and the preempting task. Previous approaches analyzing both the preempted and the preempting task were either imprecise or unsound.
As the basis of our approach we introduce the notion of resilience: The resilience of a memory block of the preempted task is the maximal number of memory accesses a preempting task could perform without causing an additional miss to this block. By computing lower bounds on the resilience of blocks and an upper bound on the number of accesses by a preempting task, one can guarantee that some blocks may not contribute to the CRPD. The CRPD analysis based on resilience considerably outperforms previous approaches.
The Tumor Suppressor UCHL1 Forms a Complex with p53/MDM2/ARF to Promote p53 Signaling and Is Frequently Silenced in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Li Lili , Tao Qian , Jin Hongchuan , van Hasselt Andrew , Poon Fan Fong , Wang Xian , Zeng Mu-Sheng , Jia Wei-Hua , Zeng Yi-Xin , Chan Anthony T.C. , Cao Ya 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is prevalent in southern China and Southeast Asia, with distinct geographic and ethnic distribution. One candidate susceptibility locus has been identified at 4p11-14, with the associated candidate gene(s) not identified yet. This study investigated the role of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma pathogenesis.
Experimental Design: UCHL1 expression and methylation were examined in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Furthermore, the mechanism of its tumor-suppressive function was elucidated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
Results: Through genomewide expression profiling, we identified UCHL1, a 4p14 gene normally expressed in normal upper respiratory tract tissues, being silenced in all nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. Its silencing is mediated by CpG methylation because UCHL1 promoter methylation was detected in all silenced cell lines, and pharmacologic demethylation reactivated UCHL1 expression along with concomitant promoter demethylation. UCHL1 methylation was also frequently detected in primary tumors but only weakly detected in few normal nasopharyngeal tissues, indicating that the methylation-mediated silencing of UCHL1 is important in nasopharyngeal carcinoma pathogenesis. Ectopic UCHL1 expression dramatically inhibited the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through promoting tumor cell apoptosis. We further found that UCHL1 formed a complex with p53/p14ARF/Mdm2 p53 binding protein homolog (mouse), MDM2 and activated the p53 signaling pathway. UCHL1 expression extended p53 and p14ARF protein half-life and shortened MDM2 protein half-life.
Conclusions: These results indicate that UCHL1 could deubiquitinate p53 and p14ARF and ubiquitinate MDM2 for p53 stabilization to promote p53 signaling, thus involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma pathogenesis, whereas it is frequently silenced in this tumor. Clin Cancer Res; 16(11); 2949–58. ©2010 AACR.
Tanks, Multiple Uses and Their Political Ecologies in West Bengal
Authors: Tiwary Rakesh 
Published: April 2010

Natural or man made tanks/village water bodies, which form a critical part of rural landscape in India, have been used traditionally as multiple use systems. Tank complexes, along with their water resources, are used for their land and biomass resources. Land-poor communities particularly depend on tanks/water bodies for livelihood and supplemental income generating activities. However, rights of access to these resources, tenure security and participation in decision making are often politically defined. The article uses the political ecology approach to study diverse uses as well user groups of tanks. This study, based on a survey carried out in five districts of West Bengal, reveals the nature of multiple uses, access patterns of user groups, institutions involved in tank management and their socio-political dynamics. The study establishes, first, strong presence of multiple uses and second, that beneficiary groups and their access patterns are defined according to political allegiance. Tank related benefits are part of larger patron–client relationships between beneficiary groups and Panchayat–Party combined. Based on their political capital, Schedule Castes and tribal group form the dominant beneficiary group but they have to reciprocate in various forms. Large farmers form the excluded group and their traditional land based irrigation rights on tank waters have been challenged and detached. Strong evidences of overlapping benefits, informalism and political alliance based inclusions/exclusions reveal the complex patterns of resource access. Thus study helps to understand inadequacies of ‘scientific’ tank management models which emphasize the dominant and prevalent single use (i.e., irrigation) perspectives and present a very ‘apolitical’ picture of natural resource utilization.
Experiences and perceptions of secondary food hygiene training: A preliminary study of five larger catering companies in south east Wales
Authors: Worsfold Denise , Griffith Christopher 
Published: April 2010

Aims: Food safety training has a high UK profile, although this is mainly concerned with initial training at levels 1—4. Regular secondary hygiene training (collectively refresher, remedial, update training or retraining) for food handlers is recommended by the Catering Industry Guide, although the subject is relatively understudied. The aim of the present work was to determine the beliefs, mode and experiences of secondary training, especially refresher training, in five larger south east Wales catering businesses. Methods: Construction, piloting and distribution of a questionnaire ( n = 100) followed by descriptive statistical analysis. Results: A 70% response rate was obtained covering five large catering operations. All had received secondary hygiene training. This training did not appear to be directly related to specific work performance. The duration of this training ranged from 20 minutes to six hours and the frequency from six months to every three years. The majority (94%) agreed that regular secondary training was beneficial and that it could be applied in their work (81%). The content of secondary training varied from a repeat of the initial hygiene course to selected topics deemed relevant to the needs of the employees and the businesses. The majority of refresher training was delivered by conventional classroom instruction but some businesses made use of more informal methods. Trainees estimated that they have only forgotten 10% of their initial training, 63% believed that the best way to refresh their knowledge was to repeat the course and 94% welcomed new information. Most (77%) felt that this training should be tested/examined. Reaction evaluations of secondary training were collected by most businesses and training records were maintained by all. Conclusions: Secondary training was valued by food handlers. The content and methods of delivering secondary training were more varied and were relatively conservative in format and approach.
Redox regulation of T-cell turnover by the p13 protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1: distinct effects in primary versus transformed cells
Authors: Silic-Benussi Micol , Cavallari Ilaria , Vajente Nicola , Vidali Silvia , Chieco-Bianchi Luigi , Di Lisa Fabio , Saggioro Daniela , D'Agostino Donna M. , Ciminale Vincenzo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe present study investigated the function of p13, a mitochondrial protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Although necessary for viral propagation in vivo, the mechanism of function of p13 is incompletely understood. Drawing from studies in isolated mitochondria, we analyzed the effects of p13 on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in transformed and primary T cells. In transformed cells (Jurkat, HeLa), p13 did not affect ROS unless the cells were subjected to glucose deprivation, which led to a p13-dependent increase in ROS and cell death. Using RNA interference we confirmed that expression of p13 also influences glucose starvation-induced cell death in the context of HTLV-1–infected cells. ROS measurements showed an increasing gradient from resting to mitogen-activated primary T cells to transformed T cells (Jurkat). Expression of p13 in primary T cells resulted in their activation, an effect that was abrogated by ROS scavengers. These findings suggest that p13 may have a distinct impact on cell turnover depending on the inherent ROS levels; in the context of the HTLV-1 propagation strategy, p13 could increase the pool of “normal” infected cells while culling cells acquiring a transformed phenotype, thus favoring lifelong persistence of the virus in the host.
Elevated IL-17 produced by Th17 cells promotes myeloma cell growth and inhibits immune function in multiple myeloma
Authors: Prabhala Rao H. , Pelluru Dheeraj , Fulciniti Mariateresa , Prabhala Harsha K. , Nanjappa Puru , Song Weihua , Pai Christine , Amin Samir , Tai Yu-Tzu , Richardson Paul G. , Ghobrial Irene M. , Treon Steven P. , Daley John F. , Anderson Kenneth C. , Kutok Jeffery L. , Munshi Nikhil C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractElevated cytokines in bone marrow (BM) micro-environment (interleukin-6 [IL-6], transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-β], and IL-1β) may play an important role in observed immune dysfunction in multiple myeloma (MM). As IL-6 and TGF-β are important for the generation of T-helper 17 (TH17) cells, we evaluated and observed a significantly elevated baseline and induced frequency of Th17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and BM mononuclear cells (BMMCs) from MM patients compared with healthy donors. We observed significant increase in levels of serum IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-23 in blood and BM in MM compared with healthy donors. We also observed that myeloma PBMCs after TH17 polarization significantly induced IL-1α, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-23 production compared with healthy donor PBMCs. We next observed that IL-17 promotes myeloma cell growth and colony formation via IL-17 receptor, adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as well as increased growth in vivo in murine xenograft model of human MM. Additionally, we have observed that combination of IL-17 and IL-22 significantly inhibited the production of TH1-mediated cytokines, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), by healthy donor PBMCs. In conclusion, IL-17–producing Th17 cells play an important role in MM pathobiology and may be an important therapeutic target for anti-MM activity and to improve immune function.