bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic injection with pneumatic valving for microchip electrophoresis with total analyte utilization
Authors: Sun Xuefei , Kelly Ryan T. , Danielson William F. , Agrawal Nitin , Tang Keqi , Smith Richard D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA novel hydrodynamic injector that is directly controlled by a pneumatic valve has been developed for reproducible microchip CE separations. The PDMS devices used for the evaluation comprise a separation channel, a side channel for sample introduction, and a pneumatic valve aligned at the intersection of the channels. A low pressure (≤3 psi) applied to the sample reservoir is sufficient to drive sample into the separation channel. The rapidly actuated pneumatic valve enables injection of discrete sample plugs as small as ∼100 pL for CE separation. The injection volume can be easily controlled by adjusting the intersection geometry, the solution back pressure, and the valve actuation time. Sample injection could be reliably operated at different frequencies (<0.1 Hz to >2 Hz) with good reproducibility (peak height relative standard deviation ≤3.6%) and no sampling biases associated with the conventional electrokinetic injections. The separation channel was dynamically coated with a cationic polymer, and FITC‐labeled amino acids were employed to evaluate the CE separation. Highly efficient (≥7.0×103 theoretical plates for the ∼2.4‐cm‐long channel) and reproducible CE separations were obtained. The demonstrated method has numerous advantages compared with the conventional techniques, including repeatable and unbiased injections, little sample waste, high duty cycle, controllable injected sample volume, and fewer electrodes with no need for voltage switching. The prospects of implementing this injection method for coupling multidimensional separations for multiplexing CE separations and for sample‐limited bioanalyses are discussed.
Capillary electrophoresis analysis of inorganic cations in post‐blast residue extracts applying a guanidinium‐based electrolyte and bilayer‐coated capillaries
Authors: Sarazin Cédric , Delaunay Nathalie , Costanza Christine , Eudes Véronique , Gareil Pierre 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA new CE method was developed for the identification and quantitation of inorganic cations in post‐blast residues. The simultaneous analysis in 20 min total runtime of eight cations in post‐blast residues (ammonium, potassium, monomethylammonium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, strontium), plus lithium cation as the internal reference, was carried out with a BGE involving a non‐CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic, and harmful to reproduction) chromophore (guanidinium cation) and a double‐layer modified capillary (hexadimethrine bromide/polyvinylsulfonate). A study of UV detection conditions using guanidinium ion as the probe led us to set the analysis and reference wavelengths and their associated bandwidths as well as the probe concentration fixed at 15 mM. The successive multiple ionic‐polymer layer approach limited the cation adsorption on capillary wall and improved the EOF stability. These caused a significant improvement in method repeatability. Intermediate precisions were 2.4% for corrected areas and 1.3% for normalized migration times. Limits of detection close to 1 mg/L for all cations were obtained. The matrix effects were studied with chemometric approach for different matrices representative of those collected after explosion. Tests with blank matrix extracts of soil, cloth, and with simulated matrix extract containing 800 mg/L Ca2+ and 500 mg/L Fe2+ were carried out and no significant matrix effects were observed. Finally, analyses of real residues collected after cash dispenser and homemade firework explosions demonstrate excellent correlation between the CE results and those obtained with the ion chromatography method used routinely.
Structural analysis of the recombinant therapeutic product rFVIII and its PEGylated variants using 2‐D DIGE
Authors: Monetti Christina , Rottensteiner Hanspeter , Gritsch Herbert , Weber Alfred , Scheiflinger Friedrich , Turecek Peter L. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract2‐D DIGE is a method that circumvents the gel‐to‐gel variability inherent in conventional 2‐DE and is particularly useful for studying proteome changes in diverse applications such as developmental biology and tissue proteomics. We developed a 2‐D DIGE protocol for recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII), a therapeutic protein used for the treatment of hemophilia A. The factor VIII heterodimer is composed of heterogeneous, heavily glycosylated heavy and light chains that are held together by a divalent cation. 2‐DE of rFVIII led to a separation of the various fragments whose identity could be determined by Western blot. A comparison of two rFVIII batches by 2‐D DIGE revealed their identical composition, whereas an rFVIII variant lacking its central B domain was congruent with the smallest heavy and light chain fragments of rFVIII only. A simpler pattern was obtained upon removal of the terminal sialic acids of rFVIII's glycans, due to a better focusing in the first dimension. 2‐D DIGE was also well suited to structurally evaluate various PEGylated rFVIII conjugates. 2‐D DIGE thus proved an excellent and straightforward method for structural analysis of rFVIII. Our data suggest that the method could serve as a tool for quality control of very complex pharmaceutically active ingredients.
Microbioreactor design for 3‐D cell cultivation to create a pharmacological screening system
Authors: Fernekorn Uta , Hampl Jörg , Weise Frank , Augspurger Caroline , Hildmann Christian , Klett Maren , Läffert Annette , Gebinoga Michael , Weibezahn Karl‐Friedrich , Schlingloff Gregor , Worgull Mathias , Schneider Mark , Schober Andreas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA biocompatible cell culture environment that enables continued existence of three dimensionally aggregated cells in a polycarbonate‐based scaffold structure was developed. A micro structured polymeric scaffold allows perfusion of cells due to a microporous structure generated by ion track etching and micro thermoforming. Biocompatibility and sterilizability was approved for the whole system. As oxygenation and mass transport within a closed system is most relevant for 3‐D cell culture, two approaches of pumping systems were tested. The human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 was used to examine basic cytological parameters in response to the enviroment. Our data indicate that an actively perfused 3‐D cell culture induces a more differentiated phenotype in HepG2 cells than the 2‐D setup. Thus, our results provide further support to the theory that 3‐D‐cultivated cells display a non‐proliferative behavior. In this respect, 3‐D cultures resemble in vivo conditions more closely. Microreactors are widely applied for organic syntheses, but can also be used for screening applications in drug discovery and medical research. The bioreactor versions presented here were equipped with active fluidic components.
Spatial trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Canadian fish and implications for long-term monitoring
Authors: Gewurtz Sarah B , McGoldrick Daryl J , Clark Mandi G , Keir Michael J , Malecki Mary M , Gledhill Melissa , Sekela Mark , Syrgiannis Jim , Evans Marlene S , Armellin Alain , Pomeroy Joe , Waltho Jasmine , Backus Sean M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A nationwide study was conducted to examine concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in top predatory fish, with a focus on lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), across Canada, and to explore possible influences of food web processes. Concentrations of the three most abundant PBDE homolog groups (tetra-, penta-, and hexa-PBDEs) were, for the most part, higher in Great Lakes and Lake Champlain fish compared with fish from other systems. The Canadian Federal Environmental Quality Guideline for the penta-homolog was exceeded in 70% of the fish examined. However, virtually no guideline exceedances were found for other congeners. In general, PBDE-47 (a representative lower brominated congener) was significantly and positively correlated with fish length, weight, age, lipid content, and stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon. Significant differences in the slopes of the PBDE-47/covariate relationships between sites prevented concentrations from being adjusted using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). However, plots showed that elevated concentrations of PBDE-47 in Great Lakes and Lake Champlain fish remained after accounting for the influence of covariates. In contrast, for PBDE-183 (a representative higher brominated congener), the relationships between fish concentrations and covariates were not consistent, which could be a result of biotransformation being more important in controlling its bioaccumulation. The data from the current study show an overall disconnect between fish PBDE concentrations and likely loadings, which may be caused by differences in food web processes between systems. Continued long-term fish contaminant monitoring is needed to evaluate potential risk to fish and their consumers. However, we also recommend sediment sampling and focused food web studies to provide information on PBDE inputs to the systems and mechanisms of biomagnification, respectively. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1564–1575. © 2011 SETAC
Normal sexual dimorphism in the human basal ganglia
Authors: Rijpkema Mark , Everaerd Daphne , van der Pol Carline , Franke Barbara , Tendolkar Indira , Fernández Guillén 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMale and female brains differ in both structure and function. Investigating this sexual dimorphism in healthy subjects is an important first step to ultimately gain insight into sex‐specific differences in behavior and risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. The basal ganglia are among the main regions containing sex steroid receptors in the brain and play a central role in cognitive (dys)functioning. However, little is known about sexual dimorphism of different basal ganglia nuclei. The aim of the present study was to investigate sex‐specific differences in basal ganglia morphology using MRI. We applied automatic volumetry on anatomical MRI data of two large cohorts of healthy young adults (n = 463 and n = 541) and assessed the volume of four major nuclei of the basal ganglia: caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, and putamen, while controlling for total gray matter volume, total white matter volume, and age of the participant. No significant sex differences were found for caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens, but males showed significantly larger volumes for globus pallidus and putamen, as confirmed in both cohorts. These results show that sexual dimorphism is neither a general effect in the basal ganglia nor confined to just one specific nucleus, and will aid the interpretation of differences in basal ganglia (dys)function between males and females. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A general approach to enantiomeric γ‐aminophosphonic acids using chiral sulfinimine methodology
Authors: Łyżwa Piotr , Mikołajczyk Marian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA new approach to asymmetric synthesis of γ‐aminophosphonic acids is described. It involves the diastereoselective addition of various carbon and phosphorus nucleophiles to enantiopure (+)‐(S)‐N‐[(3‐diethoxyphosphoryl)propylidene]‐p‐toluenesulfinamide and subsequent acid hydrolysis of the adducts formed. The utility of the method is illustrated by the synthesis of (+)‐(S)‐2‐ amino‐4‐phosphonobutanoic acid (AP4), and both enantiomerically enriched (–)‐(R)‐ and (+)‐(S)‐1‐amino‐propane‐1,3‐diphosphonic acid. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:594–598, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20710
Prediction of surgical outcome using plasma epstein–barr virus dna and 18F‐FDG PET‐CT scan in recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chan Jimmy Yu Wai , Chow Velda Ling Yu , Mok Vivian Way Kay , Ho Ambrose Chung Wai , Wei William Ignace 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis study was carried out to determine the role of plasma Epstein–Barr virus (pEBV)‐DNA and positron‐emission tomography (PET)‐CT scan in predicting the outcome of nasopharyngectomy and cervical lymphadenectomy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsBetween 2007 and 2009, we recruited patients who had local or regional recurrent NPC after radiotherapy. The relationship between preoperative pEBV‐DNA level, maximal standard uptake value (SUVmax), and surgical outcome was analyzed.ResultsForty‐two patients had local tumor recurrence. Their median pEBV‐DNA level and SUVmax were 348 copies and 4.7, respectively. Both values were significantly lower than those with palliative nasopharyngectomy. Twenty‐two patients had regional failure. Their mean pEBV‐DNA level and tumor SUVmax were 626 copies and 7.6, respectively. The metastatic lymph nodes with extracapsular spread had a significantly higher mean SUVmax.ConclusionsPreoperative pEBV‐DNA and PET‐CT predict the surgical outcome of nasopharyngectomy for recurrent NPC. Similarly, PET‐CT scan predicts the presence of extracapsular spread of metastatic lymph nodes. These patients may warrant further postoperative adjuvant therapy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Evidence for treatment strategies in sinonasal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lund Valerie J. , Chisholm Edward J. , Takes Robert P. , Suárez Carlos , Mendenhall William M. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Llorente José L. , Terhaard Chris H. J. , Rodrigo Juan P. , Maughan Elizabeth , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAdenocarcinomas of various types account for 10% to 20% of all primary malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. There is a general consensus that the optimal treatment of adenocarcinoma is surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. The purpose of this report was to review the results of this combined treatment as well as other treatment strategies and their outcome. Most series present outcome data from a heterogeneous group of patients, with a wide variety of tumor subtypes presenting at differing stages, who received a variety of treatment strategies. Surgical excision remains the treatment of choice. The choice of approach is determined by what will best allow complete excision of the disease. Endoscopic techniques, if feasible for complete removal of the tumor, offer results comparable to those of external approaches with lower morbidity. Although clear evidence to support the use of radiotherapy in sinonasal adenocarcinoma is difficult to obtain, local control rates of combined treatment strategies for advanced cases are comparable to less advanced cases with surgery alone, suggesting a positive role for postoperative radiotherapy. However, the importance of thorough surgical resection should be stressed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
ANFIS modeling for predicting affective responses to tactile textures
Authors: Akay Diyar , Chen Xiaojuan , Barnes Cathy , Henson Brian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is proposed to simulate and analyze the mapping between the physical properties of tactile textures and people's affective responses. People were asked to rate the tactile feeling of 37 tactile textures against six pairs of adjectives on a semantic differential questionnaire. The friction coefficient, average roughness, compliance, and a thermal parameter of each tactile texture were measured. ANFIS models were built to predict the affective responses to tactile textures. The resulting ANFIS models demonstrated a good match between predicted and actual responses, and always yielded better performance when compared to linear and exponential regression models. The effects of physical properties of textures on affective responses were also analyzed by simulating the synthetic data with ANFIS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors influencing alginate gel biocompatibility
Authors: Tam Susan K. , Dusseault Julie , Bilodeau Stéphanie , Langlois Geneviève , Hallé Jean‐Pierre , Yahia L'Hocine 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAlginate remains the most popular polymer used for cell encapsulation, yet its biocompatibility is inconsistent. Two commercially available alginates were compared, one with 71% guluronate (HiG), and the other with 44% (IntG). Both alginates were purified, and their purities were verified. After 2 days in the peritoneal cavity of C57BL/6J mice, barium (Ba)‐gel and calcium (Ca)‐gel beads of IntG alginate were clean, while host cells were adhered to beads of HiG alginate. IntG gel beads, however, showed fragmentation in vivo while HiG gel beads stayed firm. The physicochemical properties of the sodium alginates and their gels were thoroughly characterized. The intrinsic viscosity of IntG alginate was 2.5‐fold higher than that of HiG alginate, suggesting a greater molecular mass. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that both alginates were similar in elemental composition, including low levels of counterions in all gels. The wettabilities of the alginates and gels were also identical, as measured by contact angles of water on dry films. Ba‐gel beads of HiG alginate resisted swelling and degradation when immersed in water, much more than the other gel beads. These results suggest that the main factors contributing to the biocompatibility of gels of purified alginate are the mannuronate/guluronate content and/or intrinsic viscosity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Cathepsin K‐sensitive poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels for degradation in response to bone resorption
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Wei , Olabisi Ronke M. , Olmsted‐Davis Elizabeth A. , Davis Alan R. , West Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe propose a new strategy of biomaterial design to achieve selective cellular degradation by the incorporation of cathepsin K‐degradable peptide sequences into a scaffold structure so that scaffold biodegradation can be induced at the end of the bone formation process. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels were used as a model biomaterial system in this study. A cathepsin K‐sensitive peptide, GGGMGPSGPWGGK (GPSG), was synthesized and modified with acryloyl‐PEG‐succinimidyl carbonate to produce a cross‐linkable cathepsin K‐sensitive polymer that can be used to form a hydrogel. Specificity of degradation of the GPSG hydrogels was tested with cathepsin K and proteinase K as a positive control, with both resulting in significant degradation compared to incubation with nonspecific collagenases over a 24‐h time period. No degradation was observed when the hydrogels were incubated with plasmin or control buffers. Cell‐induced degradation was evaluated by seeding differentiated MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts and RAW264.7 osteoclasts on GPSG hydrogels that were also modified with the cell adhesion peptide RGDS. Resulting surface features and resorption pits were analyzed by differential interference contrast (DIC) and fluorescent images obtained with confocal microscopy. Results from both analyses demonstrated that GPSG hydrogels can be degraded specifically in response to osteoclast attachment but not in response to osteoblasts. In summary, we have demonstrated that by incorporating a cathepsin K‐sensitive peptide into a synthetic polymer structure, we can generate biomaterials that specifically respond to cues from the natural process of bone remodeling. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Exclusion of the GNAS locus in PHP-Ib patients with broad GNAS methylation changes: Evidence for an autosomal recessive form of PHP-Ib?
Authors: Fernández-Rebollo Eduardo , Pérez de Nanclares Guiomar , Lecumberri Beatriz , Turan Serap , Anda Emma , Pérez-Nanclares Gustavo , Feig Denice , Nik-Zainal Serena , Bastepe Murat , Jüppner Harald 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Most patients with autosomal dominant pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (AD-PHP-Ib) carry maternally inherited microdeletions upstream of GNAS that are associated with loss of methylation restricted to GNAS exon A/B. Only few AD-PHP-Ib patients carry microdeletions within GNAS that are associated with loss of all maternal methylation imprints. These epigenetic changes are often indistinguishable from those observed in patients affected by an apparently sporadic PHP-Ib form that has not yet been defined genetically. We have now investigated six female patients affected by PHP-Ib (four unrelated and two sisters) with complete or almost complete loss of GNAS methylation, whose healthy children (11 in total) showed no epigenetic changes at this locus. Analysis of several microsatellite markers throughout the 20q13 region made it unlikely that PHP-Ib is caused in these patients by large deletions involving GNAS or by paternal uniparental isodisomy or heterodisomy of chromosome 20 (patUPD20). Microsatellite and single-nucleotide variation (SNV) data revealed that the two affected sisters share their maternally inherited GNAS alleles with unaffected relatives that lack evidence for abnormal GNAS methylation, thus excluding linkage to this locus. Consistent with these findings, healthy children of two unrelated sporadic PHP-Ib patients had inherited different maternal GNAS alleles, also arguing against linkage to this locus. Based on our data, it appears plausible that some forms of PHP-Ib are caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation(s) in an unknown gene involved in establishing or maintaining GNAS methylation. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Influence of fetal bovine serum on cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of lectins in MCF‐7 cells
Authors: Faheina‐Martins Glaucia Veríssimo , da Silveira Alethéia Lacerda , Ramos Márcio Viana , Marques‐Santos Luís Fernando , Araujo Demetrius Antonio Machado 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCanavalia ensiformis (ConA), Canavalia brasiliensis (Conbr), and Cratylia floribunda (CFL) lectins have exhibited glucose‐mannose binding specificity. We investigated the effect of fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 20%) on the cytotoxic effect of these lectins against breast tumor cell line MCF‐7. Cell viability was examined using the MTT reduction assay. When cells were grown in a medium supplemented with a higher serum concentration (10 or 20%), all lectins were much less toxic. When we used 1% FBS, it was possible to achieve a concentration‐dependent activity by all examined lectins, with an IC50 of 3.5, 25, and 60 µg/mL for ConA, Conbr, and CFL, respectively. All lectins incubated with 1% FBS induced apoptosis and DNA damage in MCF‐7 cells. We conclude that ConA, Conbr, and CFL lectins' cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were observed only at low concentrations of serum. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:290–296, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20388
Neither nitrite nor nitric oxide mediate toxic effects of nitroglycerin on mitochondria
Authors: Dungel Peter , Haindl Susanne , Behling Tricia , Mayer Bernd , Redl Heinz , Kozlov Andrey V. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIt is commonly accepted that the major effect of nitroglycerin (NG) is realized through the release of nitric oxide (NO) catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2). In addition, it has been shown that NG inhibits mitochondrial respiration. The aim of this study was to clarify whether NG‐mediated inhibition of mitochondrial respiration is mediated by NO. In rat liver mitochondria, NG inhibited complex‐I‐dependent respiration and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, preferentially at complex I. Both effects were insensitive to chloral hydrate, an ALDH2 inhibitor. Nitrite, an NG intermediate, had no influence on either mitochondrial respiration or the production of ROS. NO inhibited preferentially complex I but did not elevate ROS production. Hemoglobin, an NO scavenger, and blue light had contrary effects on mitochondria inhibited by NO or NG. In summary, our data suggest that although NG induces vasodilatation via NO release, it causes mitochondrial dysfunction via an NO‐independent pathway. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:297–302, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20389