bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volunteering, Civic Engagement, and Generativity
Authors: Euh Hyun , Snyder Mark 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Volunteering and civic engagement function as important antecedents and consequences of generativity across many stages of the lifespan. This chapter reviews and discusses theorizing and research on the various roles of generativity in community engagement and volunteering. It investigates the intertwined relations of volunteerism, civic engagement, and generativity from the perspectives of three key roles of generativity. First, generative concern as an individual propensity predicts volunteering and community-oriented actions (i.e., civic prosocial behavior). Second, generative commitment (setting generative goals and striving to achieve them) can serve as the linking mechanism between individual traits and civic prosocial behavior. Third, it examines a burgeoning area of research on how the experience of engaging in civic prosocial behavior can increase generativity. Lastly, it discusses types of motivation that may underlie generativity and the ways that these motivations can contribute to developing interventions to promote prosocial behavior and civic engagement.
Education and the Promotion of Generativity throughout Adulthood
Authors: Villar Feliciano , Lawford Heather L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the role of education as an activity promoting generativity across adulthood. The first section deals with the significance of generativity in higher education, where the participants primarily consist of young adults, and the setting aligns with the formal structure of education within society. The second section shifts the focus toward generativity and education in the second half of life, utilizing the concept of lifelong learning and distinguishing between education before and after retirement. Throughout both sections, the chapter examines what kind of educational practices are relevant to promote generativity in each life stage, as well as proposing potential avenues to enhance the generative potential of educational environments across adulthood.
States of Nature
Authors: Brett Mark G 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe chapter examines the various contrasts that were developed in Western traditions between “civil” societies and “pre-civilized” societies in the state of nature. The rights of Indigenous peoples were drawn into early modern debates concerning property, often with reference to biblical arguments. Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) argued that no property rights could be securely established without the support of a unified civil society under a single sovereign. Among the alternatives to this Hobbesian view, the legal theorist Samuel Pufendorf (1632–1694) argued that a single state could embrace multiple societies, each with their own norms and values. When it came to the reiteration of the common law tradition in the newly minted United States, Chief Justice John Marshall ostensibly adopted the more pluralist line in the 1820s and ’30s when he entrenched the idea of “domestic” Indian nations. In the years leading up to the American War of Independence, there had been a growing conviction among the patriots that some fundamental rights stemmed from the state of nature, rather than from civil society. On this view, Indian lands could then be legitimately transferred to colonists via purchase, treaty or conquest, rather than being claimed by right of discovery. The protection of fragile Indigenous rights became a commonplace trope in public and legal discourses.
Humans and Other Creatures
Authors: Brett Mark G 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe chapter discusses the modern sciences of ethnography and anthropology, and their impact on the history of biblical interpretation. According to Edward B. Tylor, for example, the narratives in Genesis contained indications of “animism,” as he famously framed the concept in the nineteenth century. Eschewing Tylor’s own imperial pretensions, this chapter takes up the more recent notions of animism in anthropological studies and applies them to the Bible. The peculiarities of the biblical traditions can also be brought into dialogue with sixteenth century Kabbalistic discussions of tsimtsum—an idea of divine withdrawal that leaves traces of God throughout creation but also allows for intensifications of divine presence at particular places. This Jewish reinterpretation of the Priestly traditions offers its own critique of colonial biblical interpretation already in the sixteenth century, while also playing a later role in the formation of German idealist philosophy.
The detecting child TKKG and adapting fair play for young audiences
Authors: Veldhuizen Vera N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A key rule of the classic detective genre is the doctrine of fair play, according to which readers should have access to the same information as the detective in order to have the opportunity to solve the mystery as the detective does, or to even beat them to it. Through presenting the reader with a mystery, suspects, and clues, the narrative invites the reader to participate with the in-text detectives to solve the crime depicted. It is this ludic nature that makes the whodunit genre particularly appealing to child-readers. Additionally, through playful approaches to form, ‘children’s texts tend to stress interactivity in ways that other texts do not’: children’s texts are frequently as ‘physical and kinetic’ as they are ‘cognitive and emotional’. Children’s detective fiction not only makes visible the genre’s inherent interactivity, which challenges the reader to engage in detective behaviour, but may intensify the genre’s immersive potential through children’s literature’s own unique affordances. When these detective stories are translated to a different medium, the narrative elements of stories which invite interactivity must also be changed in order to maintain fair play, which is fundamental to the functioning of detective stories. Therefore, this article focuses on the ways through which different media adapt the inherent interactive and ludic nature of children’s detective fiction through an analysis of the audio dramas and board game adaptations of the popular TKKG series, both underserved by adaptation studies and children’s and media studies.
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria modulate induced corn defense against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Cortez Amado O , Yoshinaga Naoko , Mori Naoki , Hwang Shaw-Yhi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Common cutworm, Spodoptera litura is an important pest of corn causing significant crop yield loss. Synthetic insecticides have mostly been used to combat this pest, raising human and environmental health concerns. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could compensate for or augment the harmful effects of agrochemicals. Herein, we aimed to assess whether PGPR-induced defenses in corn plants impact the host-plant selection behavior of S. litura. Headspace volatile organic compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Larvae fed inoculated corn exhibited lower weights and relative growth rate than noninoculated plants. Under choice experiments, PGPR-treated plants significantly reduced percentage leaf damage area and oviposition rate compared to untreated plants. Volatile organic compound ratio emission varied significantly between control and PGPR treatments, which, in part, explains feeding and oviposition deterrence in PGPR-treated plants. The results demonstrate that PGPR inoculation can enhance corn resistance to S. litura, making it a promising candidate for crop protection strategies.
THE ENIGMA OF INCISIONAL HERNIA PREDICTION UNRAVELLED: EXTERNAL VALIDATION OF A PROGNOSTIC MODEL IN COLORECTAL CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Amro C , Smith L , Shulkin J , Reed McGraw J , Hill N , Broach R B , Torkington J , Fischer J P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aim
Incisional hernia is the most common complication of abdominal surgery. Mesh-augmented closure appears to reduce incisional hernia rates in targeted patients, but identifying high-risk patients remains challenging. This study aims to validate the existing “Penn Hernia Calculator” on an external dataset of patients who underwent colorectal surgery, evaluating its performance and potential for generalisability.

Methods
External validation of the model was achieved using data from the Hughes Abdominal Repair Trial (HART), a prospective randomized control trial comparing closure methods in colorectal cancer patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The previously developed hernia prediction model was applied to the external dataset. Model performance was assessed using key metrics, including area under the curve (AUC-ROC and AUC-PR) and Brier score. Reporting was done in line with TRIPOD consensus.

Results
802 patients who underwent colorectal surgery was identified, of which 674 patients with up to two years follow up were included. The average BMI was 28.1. Prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and smoking were 15.7%, 16.3%, and 36.5%, respectively. Hernia occurrence rate up to a two-year follow-up was 24%. The external validation revealed an AUC-ROC of 0.66, AUC-PR of 0.72, and a Brier score of 0.2.

Conclusion
The hernia prediction model demonstrated moderate performance in the external validation, suggesting its potential for generalizability in diverse patient populations, specifically those undergoing colorectal surgery. The model may assist clinicians in identifying high-risk patients and implementing preventive measures to reduce hernia incidence.
INITIAL EXPERIENCE IN THE APPROACH TATHIR (TRANS-ABDOMINAL THORACIC HIATUS HERNIA REPAIR)
Authors: Balongo-García R , Pérez-Quintero R , Tejada-Gómez A , Licardie E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Comparative unicentric study of patients who underwent hiatal hernia surgery by Nissen fundoplication with and without placement of titanized mesh ('Butterfly'). We present the results obtained including the GER-Q questionnaire evaluating the postoperative clinical situation, as well as the analysis of complications and/or recurrence.

Methods
Retrospective observational study of patients operated on during 2022. Exclusion criteria were age less than 18 years. Usual variables and a GERD-Q questionnaire and esophagogastroduodenal transit were analyzed. A 180-day follow-up was performed. For this analysis we divided the sample into two groups: group 1 (Nissen fundoplication) and group 2 (fundoplication with mesh).

Results
Eight patients with hiatal hernia, four in each group. Two type III and two type IV hernias in each group. Laparoscopic approach for 100% of group 1; group 2: 25% was laparoscopic approach and 75%, robotic. No patient presented complications. One patient in group 1 had recurrence, while none in group 2. In the GER-Q the median in group 1 was 4 points, while in group 2 it was 2.5, with the possibility of GERD in the first group being 52% and 18.6% in the second group, p = 0.028.

Conclusions
Further patient recruitment and studies are needed, but based on these initial results, we believe that the use of butterfly mesh in addition to fundoplication may be a safe and effective alternative.
EARLY OUTCOMES OF ROBOTIC PAULI FOR PARASTOMAL HERNIA REPAIR
Authors: Barranquero A G , Maestre González Y , Gas Ruiz C , García-González L , Raich M S , Codina-Corrons L , Olsina Kissler J J , Villalobos Mori R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The Pauli technique for parastomal hernia repair involves the dissection of the retromuscular space, transversus abdominis release and lateralization of the stoma with the placement of a retromuscular mesh. Limited evidence exists regarding the robotic approach to this technique. The objective was to assess the outcomes at our centre.

Method
Observational retrospective study. Patients included underwent an elective robotic Pauli technique for the repair of a parastomal hernia associated with an end colostomy. All patients underwent surgery in a tertiary referral centre from September 2020 to December 2022.

Results
A total of 21 patients underwent a robotic Pauli in our study. The parastomal hernias intervened according to the European Hernia Society classification were 9.5% (2/21) type I, 52.4% (11/21) type II, 23.8% (5/21) type III, 14.3% (3/21) type IV.
Early complications observed included 14.3% (3/21) seroma, 9.5% (2/21) surgical site infection, 19% (4/21) postoperative ileus, and one case of large bowel obstruction due to colitis (4.8%), which was managed conservatively. No Clavien-Dindo grade III complications were reported.
The overall recurrence rate was 9.5% (2/21) with a median follow-up of 12.5 months (IQR: 3.9–21.3). Only 28.6% (6/21) of the sample achieved a 2-year follow-up. Both recurrences occurred during the early phases of the learning curve and were likely attributed to insufficient lateralization of the stoma.

Conclusions
Robotic Pauli for parastomal hernia repair is a challenging procedure with promising results in terms of recurrence.
PROGRESSIVE PREOPERATIVE PNEUMOPERITONEUM: A SAFE TECHNIQUE IN A HOME CARE HOSPITALIZATION SETTING
Authors: Crusellas O , Subirana H , Comas J , Borlado C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
In patients with incisional or inguinal hernias with loss of domain, it is necessary to plan an appropriate surgical repair adapted to their comorbidities, potential risks and postoperative complications. One of the techniques to achieve this goal is progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum (PPP) to prevent postoperative abdominal hypertension syndrome. PPP involves a long preoperative hospital stay. In our centre we have started to use this technique in our Home Care Hospitalisation Unit (HCHU). We analyse the results of the implementation of PPP in our HCHU to prepare patients with hernia with loss of domain for elective surgery.

Method
Unit observational study between April 2016 and October 2023. 18 patients were included (14 incisional and 4 inguinal hernias). All were admitted to hospital and a CT scan guided catheter was inserted into the abdominal cavity. Daily insufﬂation with 1000 cc of ambient air was performed for 48 h. If no complications were observed, patients were admitted to HCHU to continue insufﬂation.

Results
The median length of stay in the HCHU was 12.47 days (SD 3.14 days). Median insufflation volume was 10751 cc (6060–16000 cc). There was only 1 complication, a urinary tract infection, not related to the procedure. None of the patients required conventional hospital readmission during this period, but one of them refused to continue treatment at HCHU after admission.

Conclusion
The PPP technique is a safe technique to develop in a HCHU. It reduces the length of hospital stay, reducing the economic costs and complications associated with conventional hospitalisation.
PRELIMINARY EXPERIENCE WITH WIRELESS SURGICAL HEAD SET DISPLAY IMPLEMENTATION IN LAPAROSCOPIC INGUINAL HERNIA SURGERY
Authors: Gidaro S , Vita L , Pozzi G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
One wireless surgical Head Set Display (HSD) surgical viewer has been evaluated. This device brings the endoscopic surgical field of view in front of the operator eyes, allowing him for free positioning and orientation regardless the standard tower or satellite monitor position. We have introduced the HSD in abdominal wall minimal invasive reconstructive surgery, to describe its use exploring how this HDS can reduce the need of surgical monitors in operative room.

Methods
In this preliminary experience, laparoscopic Inguinal hernia repair procedures were used by the authors. The head set was installed and adopted throughout different roles in the surgical team: first operator, assistant and scrub nurse. Set up, utilization time, type of surgery and surgical team set up were recorded. Surgical experience questionnaire was then delivered.

Results
Ten implementations were performed. Two surgeons and one nurse were enrolled. Monolateral Inguinal hernia repair was performed in laparoscopic sessions. The HSD was used by the first operator, the surgical assistant and scrub nurse 4, 3 and 3 times respectively. The mean set up time was 4 min, mean HDS utilization time was 29 min. All the surgical sessions were completed with the HSD; surgical questionnaires showed high score in usability patterns for all users.

Conclusions
HSD can reduces the dependence on the surgical monitors in operative room working easily in different rules in the surgical team.
CHATGPT, MD: A PILOT STUDY UTILIZING LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS TO WRITE MEDICAL ABSTRACTS
Authors: Holland A , Lorenz W , Cavanaugh J , Ayuso S , Scarola G , Jorgensen L , Kercher K , Smart N , Fischer J , Janis J , Heniford B T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) has permeated academia, especially with the inception of Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), a large language model chatbot. The goal of this study was to evaluate ChatGPT’s ability to write and grade surgical research abstracts.

Methods
ChatGPT models 3.5 and 4.0 were trained to write ten different abstracts by providing it with ten previous abstracts presented at national meetings as models, background literature, and data with statistics. ChatGPT3.5’s and ChatGPT4.0’s versions were compared with junior resident’s and the senior author’s edited, submitted version for each data set. The 40 abstract versions were judged by experienced, blinded surgeon-reviewers, who graded them on a 10- and 20-point scale and ranked them 1st–4th. ChatGPT3.5 and ChatGPT4.0 also graded/ranked the abstracts. Standard statistics were performed. Results are reported in the order of resident, senior author, ChatGPT3.5, and ChatGPT4.0, respectively.

Results
The surgeon-reviewers could not differentiate between abstract authors; every reviewer ranked an AI-generated version 1st at least once. There was no difference in the surgeon-reviewers’ average 10-point scores (6.8 ± 1.5 vs. 6.9 ± 1.5 vs. 6.6 ± 1.4 vs. 6.9 ± 1.3; P = 0.611), 20-point scores (14.3 ± 3.0 vs. 14.6 ± 2.8 vs. 13.8 ± 2.7 vs. 14.3 ± 2.5; P = 0.500), or rank (2.5 ± 1.2 vs. 2.4 ± 1.1 vs. 2.8 ± 1.1 vs. 2.3 ± 1.1; P= 0.138).
ChatGPT3.5’s grades were similar to those of the reviewers, but ChatGPT4.0 graded all four abstract versions higher on the 20-point scale than both the surgeon-reviewers (P = 0.023, P = 0.032, P = 0.002, P = 0.037) and ChatGPT3.5 (P = 0.003, P = 0.004, P = 0.003, P = 0.012).

Conclusions
When appropriately trained with background knowledge, data, and statistics, ChatGPT can write convincing medical research abstracts that are undifferentiable from resident’s or senior author’s drafts. ChatGPT3.5 graded abstracts similar to the surgeon-reviewers, while ChatGPT4.0 was more generous.
ACUTE TRANSHIATAL WRAP MIGRATION FOLLOWING LAPAROSCOPIC FUNDOPLICATION: OUR EXPERIENCE AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTER
Authors: Kalikar V , Patankar R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
GERD is a very common disease affecting millions of people worldwide with prevalence of 30% in western countries and 10% in Asia. Although laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is the current gold standard for surgical treatment of GERD, it is associated with complications. One such complication is acute trans hiatal wrap migration which is a surgical emergency. There is risk of strangulation or perforation of the wrap if there is delay in recognition.

Materials and Methods
We discuss our experience with 9 such wrap migrations following a Nissen fundoplication. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication was performed in 920 patients in our hospital with 3 wrap migrations and 6 wrap migrations post Nissen were referred. All these patients were managed laparoscopically with excellent post-operative outcomes. 934 patients underwent Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication from March 2013 to February 2023. All patients underwent crural closure of the diaphragmatic hiatus. Those patients with intercrural hiatal distance more than 5 cm underwent composite mesh placement in the initial years with later use of falciform ligament between the mesh and wrap to avoid mesh complications.
3 patients primarily operated at our hospital and 6 patients referred from other hospitals, all being operated for fundoplication presented within a week with migration of wrap into mediastinum with crural closure dehiscence. All the patients underwent a CECT of the abdomen and lower chest and were classified as per the Hinder’s classification for wrap migration. All patients underwent redo surgery, laparoscopically in terms of either a gastropexy or a redo Toupet’s fundoplication.

Conclusion
Acute trans hiatal wrap migration can be managed laparoscopically in a tertiary and high volume centre.
CAN WE PREDICT THE NEED OF PERFORMING A COMPONENT SEPARATION TECHNIQUE?
Authors: Le Ruyet A , Passot G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Components separation is a surgical technique (CST) used in abdominal wall (AW) reconstruction. It facilitates the reapproximation of the linea alba and provides soft tissue coverage over the mesh, as well as AW restoration. However, employing this technique may be associated with a higher risk of post-operative complications. Currently, there is no consensus on the method for identifying patients who would benefit from a CST. In this work, we developed a numerical framework based on pre-operative CT-scan images assessing the force required to reapproximate the defect before and after a posterior CST.

Methods
The myofascial structure in 10 pre-operative CT-scans were manually segmented. Once the geometry reconstructed, a computational model based on the finite-element method was developed. Material properties such as elasticity and anisotropy were assigned to each component of the model, while the abdominal cavity was assumed to be incompressible. The reapproximation of the defect was then simulated both before and after a posterior CST.

Results
Depending on the side where the CST was simulated, there was a significant variation in the force required to reapproximate the defect. Simulating a posterior CST resulted in up to a 50% decrease in the necessary force (as shown in the Figure) and a reduction of up to 25% in the resulting intra-abdominal pressure.

Conclusion
Although the credibility of this framework has yet to be validated through comparison of the model’s predictions with experimental data, this approach presents a promising new patient-specific method for assessing the clinical benefits of posterior CST.