bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swelling After Laparoscopic Total Extraperitoneal Repair of Inguinal Hernias: Review of One Surgeon’s Experience in 1,065 Cases
Authors: Choi Yoon Young , Kim Zisun , Hur Kyung Yul 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundIt is often difficult to assess the clinical significance of scrotal or operative site swelling after a laparoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) repair of an inguinal hernia. Specifically, surgeons are often faced with the dilemma of determining whether such a swelling is a recurrent hernia or just a swelling only.Materials and MethodsA total of 1,065 laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repairs were performed on 944 patients by a single surgeon between December 2000 and December 2008, and we reviewed these data.ResultsThe overall incidence of swelling formation was 6.5% (70 of 1,065 cases). Swellings were more frequent in males, and in association with the following diagnoses: indirect inguinal hernias, larger hernia defects, scrotal hernias, omental incarcerations, and the presence of residual distal sacs. Fifty‐eight (83%) of 70 patients who had swelling after laparoscopic TEP did not need any intervention for swelling and the swelling resolved spontaneously.ConclusionsAlthough postoperative swellings are a common complication after laparoscopic TEP repairs of inguinal hernias, swellings are minor complications, are not associated with hernia recurrence, and generally subside spontaneously.
Clinical Outcome of Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinomas ≤2 cm
Authors: Sawada Tokihiko , Kubota Keiichi , Kita Junji , Kato Masato , Shiraki Takayuki , Park KyungHwa , Shimoda Mitsugi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment strategy for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) ≤2 cm (HCC2−) is still controversial. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological data for HCC2− and HCCs >2 cm (HCC2+) to establish the treatment strategy for HCC2−.MethodsBetween April 2000 and December 2008, 206 patients with single HCC, who underwent hepatectomy for the first time, and whose outcomes could be tracked, were included in the study. There were 46 HCC2− and 160 HCC2+ patients. Survival and disease‐free survival rates were compared between the two groups, in relation to various clinicopathological data.ResultsThe 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival rates were 100%, 92.6%, and 72.8% for HCC2− and 93.3%, 72.4%, and 57% for HCC2+, respectively (P = 0.0098). The 1, 3, and 5‐year disease‐free survival rates were 86%, 42.6%, and 31% for HCC2−, and 64.7%, 35.9%, and 12.5% for HCC2+, respectively (P = 0.0642). Survival rates were better for HCC2− than for HCC2+ in terms of abnormal serum des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin, Child‐Pugh Class A, single infection with HBV or HCV, and operative method used for anatomical resection, irrespective of ICG R15. Disease‐free survival rates were better for HCC2‐ than for HCC2+ in terms of Child‐Pugh Class A, and operative method used for anatomical resection.ConclusionsHCC2− has a better clinical outcome than HCC2+ after hepatic resection. Especially, HCC2− with an abnormal DCP value, Child‐Pugh Class A, single infection with HBV or HCV, and anatomical resection, yields better outcomes. Even for HCC2− in patients with good liver function, anatomical resection is recommended.
Neighborhood Protective Effects on Depression in Latinos
Authors: Vega William A. , Ang Alfonso , Rodriguez Michael A. , Finch Brian K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNeighborhood social ecologies may have protective effects on depression in Latinos, after adjusting for demographic risk factors, such as nativity and length of stay in the US. This study examines the effects of neighborhood collective efficacy and linguistic isolation on depression in a heterogeneous urban Latino population from 1,468 adult respondents in Los Angeles County. We used multilevel models to analyze how major depression is associated with socioeconomic background, length of stay in the U.S., neighborhood collective efficacy and linguistic isolation among Latinos. A significant cross‐level interaction effect was found between collective efficacy and foreign‐born Latinos who resided in the US ≥ 15 years. We report cross‐level interaction effects between linguistic isolation and nativity for U.S.‐born and nativity and duration of residence for foreign‐born Latinos who had lived in the U.S. at least 15 years. The moderating effects reported in this study suggest that the benefits of neighborhood collective efficacy and linguistic isolation vary by Latino subgroup and are conceptually discrete forms of social capital and offer insights for community based interventions.
Proximal Outcomes Matter: A Multilevel Examination of the Processes by Which Coordinating Councils Produce Change
Authors: Javdani Shabnam , Allen Nicole E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCommunities are engaged in efforts to create a coordinated response to intimate partner violence. Though coordinating councils are commonly employed vehicles for such efforts, research provides only equivocal support regarding their effectiveness. These mixed findings may reflect methodological and conceptual challenges. Specifically, there is an over‐reliance on conceptualizing council effectiveness in terms of distal outcomes (e.g., behavior change), rather than the intermediary processes by which councils affect change. A direct assessment of councils' proximal outcomes may highlight change mechanisms. To that end, this study investigates the extent to which councils impact proximal outcomes and examines the processes through which proximal outcomes are interrelated and linked to distal community change. Study findings suggest that perceived proximal outcomes do significantly predict variability in perceived distal community change across councils. Specifically, promotion of social capital and institutionalized change predict achievement of distal community change, and promotion of social capital also predicts achievement of institutionalized change.
Nondeep simple morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Ilex maximowicziana from northern (subtropical) and southern (tropical) Taiwan
Authors: Chien Ching‐Te , Chen Shun‐Ying , Chien Ta‐Yuan , Baskin Jerry M. , Baskin Carol C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this study, we show that seeds of Ilex maximowicziana collected from northern and southern Taiwan differ in germination responses to temperature. Seeds produced by plants growing in the tropical environment of southern Taiwan were more responsive (in a positive way) to higher incubation temperatures than those produced by plants growing in the subtropical environment of northern Taiwan. On the other hand, seeds produced in northern Taiwan were more responsive (in a positive way) to low incubation temperatures and to cold stratification than those from southern Taiwan. Germination percentages and rates of seeds from northern Taiwan were higher at 20/10°C than at 30/20°C, reaching a plateau of >80% germination after 12 weeks incubation, whereas germination of seeds from southern Taiwan reached >80% at 30/20 and 25°C but not at 20/10°C. Gibberellic acid (GA3) increased germination rate but not germination percentage of seeds from both southern and northern Taiwan. Freshly matured seeds of I. maximowicziana have rudimentary embryos. During dormancy break, embryo length increased 11.5‐ and 8.0‐fold in northern and southern seeds, respectively, before radicle emergence. Thus, seeds of Ilex maximowicziana have nondeep simple morphophysiological dormancy. This is the first detailed study of the germination requirements of a subtropical/tropical species of the large cosmopolitan genus Ilex.
mTORC1 Inhibition via Rapamycin Promotes Triacylglycerol Lipolysis and Release of Free Fatty Acids in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Soliman Ghada A. , Acosta‐Jaquez Hugo A. , Fingar Diane C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSignaling by mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) promotes anabolic cellular processes in response to growth factors, nutrients, and hormonal cues. Numerous clinical trials employing the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin (aka sirolimus) to immuno‐suppress patients following organ transplantation have documented the development of hypertriglyceridemia and elevated serum free fatty acids (FFA). We therefore investigated the cellular role of mTORC1 in control of triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism using cultured murine 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. We found that treatment of adipocytes with rapamycin reduced insulin‐stimulated TAG storage ~50%. To determine whether rapamycin reduces TAG storage by upregulating lipolytic rate, we treated adipocytes in the absence and presence of rapamycin and isoproterenol, a β2‐adrenergic agonist that activates the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway to promote lipolysis. We found that rapamycin augmented isoproterenol‐induced lipolysis without altering cAMP levels. Rapamycin enhanced the isoproterenol‐stimulated phosphorylation of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) on Ser‐563 (a PKA site), but had no effect on the phosphorylation of HSL S565 (an AMPK site). Additionally, rapamycin did not affect the isoproterenol‐mediated phosphorylation of perilipin, a protein that coats the lipid droplet to initiate lipolysis upon phosphorylation by PKA. These data demonstrate that inhibition of mTORC1 signaling synergizes with the β‐adrenergic‐cAMP/PKA pathway to augment phosphorylation of HSL to promote hormone‐induced lipolysis. Moreover, they reveal a novel metabolic function for mTORC1; mTORC1 signaling suppresses lipolysis, thus augmenting TAG storage.
A High Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Diet has Different Effects on Early and Late Stage Myeloid Progenitors
Authors: Varney Melinda E. , Buchanan James T. , Dementieva Yulia , Elaine Hardman W. , Sollars Vincent E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe effects of the polyunsaturated omega‐3 (n‐3) and omega‐6 (n‐6) fatty acids (FA) on hematopoiesis are complex in that both FA forms are processed into leukotrienes, eicosanoids, and prostaglandins, which can have independent effects. These FA have antagonistic effects in that n‐6 FA prostaglandins tend to be pro‐proliferative and pro‐inflammatory, while the effects of n‐3 FA prostaglandins are the opposite. We have previously shown that diets high in n‐3 FA reduce the size of the middle to later stage myeloid progenitor compartment in FVB X sv129 F1hybrid mice. To assay the effects of high n‐3 FA diets on earlier stages of myelopoiesis, we fed C57BL/6J mice diets high in n‐3 FA or levels of n‐3/n‐6 FA similar to western diets and assayed the effects on myelopoiesis with flow cytometry and colony forming cell assays. Results indicate an expansion of the common myeloid progenitor cell compartment in high n‐3 FA diets, which does not persist into later stages where the number of progenitor cells is actually lower in high n‐3 FA fed animals. Investigations in vitro with the hematopoietic stem cell line EML‐clone 1 indicate that cells cultured with eicosapentaenoic acid (n‐3 FA) or arachidonic acid (n‐6 FA) have no differences in cell viability but that arachidonic acid more rapidly produces progenitors with low levels of the macrophage developmental marker, F4/80.
The diagnostic value of the facial features of Marfan syndrome
Authors: Ting Beverlie L. , Mathur Deepti , Loeys Bart L. , Dietz Harry C. , Sponseller Paul D. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose We examined the prevalence of known facial features of Marfan syndrome (MFS)—dolicocephaly, malar hypoplasia, enophthalmos, retrognathia, and down-slanting palpebral fissures—and the diagnostic utility (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, predictive values, and likelihood ratios) of using them for screening and diagnosis. Methods Frontal and lateral photographs of 76 subjects with MFS (average age 18.3 years) and of 76 age- and gender-matched controls were obtained, randomized, and compiled into an online survey. Three physicians experienced with MFS rated each photograph for the presence of each feature and indicated whether each photograph triggered a suspicion for MFS. Eight non-expert orthopaedic surgeons reviewed a subset of those photographs and indicated if each triggered a suspicion for MFS. Half of the non-experts then received a brief diagnosis instructional sheet, and all non-experts were retested. The results were compared using Chi-square tests and t-tests with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results Using facial features alone, the accuracy of experienced physicians in identifying individuals with MFS was 73%. Facial features had a 54% sensitivity, a 91% specificity, an 86% positive predictive value (PPV), a 67% negative predictive value (NPV), a 6.9% positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and a 50% negative likelihood ratio (NLR) for MFS. There was no significant difference in the diagnostic accuracy between non-experts receiving and not receiving instructions. Conclusions Facial features are more specific than sensitive for MFS. Therefore, the recognition of facial features of MFS can be used as an initial screening tool, but facial features do not have a high sensitivity for MFS.
Modified Chrisman–Snook repair for the treatment of chronic ankle ligamentous instability in children and adolescents
Authors: Yang Jeffrey , Morscher Melanie A. , Weiner Dennis S. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose Chronic ankle ligamentous instability is not uncommonly encountered in children and adolescents. A number of operative procedures have been developed and described in the literature, including variations on the original Chrisman–Snook (CS) repair. The purpose of this study is to describe a modification of the CS repair and report the outcomes of this surgery for the treatment of chronic ankle ligamentous instability in children and adolescents. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of 100 consecutive surgeries in 66 children performed by a single surgeon who modified the CS repair using a split peroneus brevis tendon to reinforce the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments in chronic ligamentously lax patients. All charts were reviewed for complications. Fifty-three cases had at least a 2-year follow-up and were evaluated for the following outcomes: return to activity, ligamentous laxity, pain, and subsequent sprains. Results Of the 100 surgeries performed, no patient required repeat ligamentous repair. There were no deep wound infections. There were 10 cases of minor wound healing problems and two cases of temporary nerve dysfunction, one of which resolved without surgical intervention and the other is resolving with no plans for surgical intervention. There were two cases of sural nerve branch entrapment which required subsequent surgery due to neuroma formation. Of the 53 cases with at least a 2-year follow-up, the following outcomes were obtained: all patients returned to full activities of their choice; all but one case maintained ≤45° of ankle inversion postoperatively; all patients were pain free or had only occasional discomfort; and 23% of the ankles experienced subsequent minor sprains, but all were minor and resolved without consequence. Conclusions A modification of the CS repair where the split peroneus brevis tendon is used to create ankle stability has been routinely successful in 100 consecutive cases of chronic ligamentous instability in children and adolescents with very few complications.
Impact de la varicocélectomie chez les patients ayant une azoospermie non obstructive ou une oligozoospermie sévère
Authors: Fall B. , Diao B. , Sow Y. , Sarr A. , Fall P.A. , Ndoye A.K. , Ba M. , Diagne B.A. 
Published: November 2010

Résumé

But
Évaluer les résultats de la ligature haute rétropéritonéale des veines spermatiques chez les hommes infertiles ayant une azoospermie non obstructive ou une oligozoospermie sévère.

Patients et méthodes
Étude rétrospective colligeant 61 cas de varicocèle dont 46 (75,4 %) ayant une oligozoospermie sévère (groupe I) et 15 (24,6 %) ayant une azoospermie non obstructive (groupe II).

Résultats
Dans le groupe I (oligozoospermie sévère), l’âge moyen des patients était de 35,5 ± 6,4 ans (23–47 ans). La durée moyenne de l’infertilité était de 4,9 ± 3,4 ans (1–13 ans). La varicocèle était bilatérale chez 41 patients (89,1 %) et unilatérale gauche chez cinq patients (10,9 %). Cette varicocèle a été classée de grade I dans deux cas (4,3 %), de grade II dans 39 cas (84,7 %) et de grade III dans cinq cas (10,9 %). En préopératoire, la concentration moyenne des spermatozoïdes était de 1,85 ± 1,4 millions/ml. La mobilité normale à la première heure des spermatozoïdes était en moyenne de 43,3 ± 21,5 %. Les spermatozoïdes de morphologie anormale représentaient 65,05 ± 21,6 % en moyenne. Après varicocélectomie, la concentration moyenne des spermatozoïdes était de 8,3 ± 10,3 millions/ml. La mobilité normale était en moyenne de 47,6 ± 29,2 %, et les spermatozoïdes de morphologie anormale de 50,08 ± 26,9 %. Après un recul moyen de 26,2 ± 11,6 mois, 12 couples (26,1 %) avaient rapporté des grossesses spontanées. Dans le groupe II (azoospermie), l’âge moyen des patients était de 40,8 ± 7,2 ans (27–47 ans). La durée moyenne de l’infertilité était de 6 ± 3,1 ans (3–15 ans). Après varicocélectomie, une induction de la spermatogenèse avec présence de spermatozoïdes mobiles dans l’éjaculat a été observée chez trois patients (20 %). Dans ce groupe, un seul couple avait rapporté une grossesse qui s’est terminée par une fausse couche.

Conclusion
La varicocélectomie chez les hommes infertiles ayant une azoospermie non obstructive peut entraîner une apparition dans l’éjaculat de spermatozoïdes mobiles utilisables dans le cadre d’une assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP). Elle entraîne une amélioration significative de la qualité de la spermatogenèse et de la fertilité en cas d’oligozoospermie sévère. La réalisation de cette intervention chez de tels hommes est donc une option raisonnable.
Educational aspiration–expectation discrepancies: Relation to socioeconomic and academic risk‐related factors
Authors: Boxer Paul , Goldstein Sara E. , DeLorenzo Tahlia , Savoy Sarah , Mercado Ignacio 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThis study examines whether disconnection between educational aspirations and expectations is associated with socioeconomic status, academic performance, academic risk‐related behaviors and related psychosocial factors in an ethnically and economically diverse sample of early adolescents from a public middle school (N = 761). Results suggest that students who aspire to achieve more than they expect to achieve also are likely to have more economically disadvantaged backgrounds and poorer academic performance. These students also show a variety of academic and social risks. Specifically, students whose aspirations exceeded their expectations reported lower levels of school bonding, higher levels of test/performance anxiety, and elevated behavioral/emotional difficulties. Results are discussed in terms of social‐cognitive theory as well as applications for promoting student social and academic success.
CAMEROONIAN NATIONALISTS GO GLOBAL: FROM FOREST MAQUIS TO A PAN-AFRICAN ACCRA
Authors: TERRETTA MEREDITH 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis article reassesses the political alternatives imagined by African nationalists in the ‘first wave’ of Africa's decolonization through the lens of Cameroonian nationalism. After the proscription of Cameroon's popular nationalist movement, the Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC), in the mid-1950s, thousands of Cameroonian nationalists went into exile, most to Accra, where they gained the support of Kwame Nkrumah's Pan-African Bureau for African Affairs. The UPC's external support fed Cameroon's internal maquis (as UPC members called the underground resistance camps within the territories), rooted in culturally particular conceptions of freedom and sovereignty. With such deeply local and broadly international foundations, the political future that Cameroonian nationalists envisaged seemed achievable: even after the Cameroon territories' official independence, UPC nationalists kept fighting. But, by the mid-1960s, postcolonial states prioritized territorial sovereignty over ‘African unity’ and Ghana's support of the UPC became unsustainable, leading to the movement's disintegration.
BRITISH PETROLEUM VS. THE NIGERIAN GOVERNMENT: THE CAPITAL GAINS TAX DISPUTE, 1972–9
Authors: UCHE CHIBUIKE 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis article documents a landmark dispute between British Petroleum (BP) and the Nigerian tax authorities that occurred over a N130 million (£100 million) capital gains tax assessment arising from an intra BP Group transfer of its 50 per cent shareholding in Shell/BP Nigeria. This was necessitated by a BP transaction in Abu Dhabi. This tax assessment, which was more than twice the yearly cash flow of BP's Nigerian operations at the time, ignited a chain of events and schemes that saw the British government covertly and overtly providing support to BP, with the primary goal of influencing the outcome of the dispute in order to protect the interests of both the British government and BP. Evidence in this article highlights the complexities of postcolonial relationships between centre countries and African ex-colonies.
Effects of deep-sea bottom longlining on the Hatton Bank fish communities and benthic ecosystem, north-east Atlantic
Authors: Durán Muñoz P. , Murillo F.J. , Sayago-Gil M. , Serrano A. , Laporta M. , Otero I. , Gómez C. 
Published: November 2010

The effects of deep-sea bottom longlining on fish communities and the benthic ecosystem, as well as the interactions between fishing and seabirds, were studied based on data collected from a joint collaboration between the Spanish Institute of Oceanography and a longliner, carried out on the Hatton Bank area (north-east Atlantic) in 2008. A total of 38 longline sets were distributed mainly along the rugged bottom of the rocky outcrop at depths ranging from 750 to 1500 m. Deep-water sharks and lotids were predominant in the catches contributing respectively 80.4% and 13.1% in terms of weight. Deep-water sharks were predominant in the discards. By-catch of cold-water corals and small glass sponges occurred along the western flank of the Hatton Bank, while large hexactinellids were found along the eastern flank. Longlines fished the adult fraction of vulnerable deep-water sharks and lotids. High catches per unit effort values for these species were obtained in coral areas. A combination of seabird-scaring streamer lines and other measures of preventing seabird by-catch were used. Only one fulmar was captured and it survived. Data on distribution of marine litter and derelict deep-sea gillnets are also presented.
Risk of human infection with Giardia duodenalis from cats in Japan and genotyping of the isolates to assess the route of infection in cats
Authors: SUZUKI J. , MURATA R. , KOBAYASHI S. , SADAMASU K. , KAI A. , TAKEUCHI T. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYThe number of facilities in which customers make contact with cats before eating and drinking, called ‘cat cafés’, has recently increased in Tokyo, Japan. In a survey to clarify the possibility of zoonotic transmission in Giardia duodenalis, the infection rates of G. duodenalis in 321 stool samples of cats from 16 cat cafés, 31 pet shops, and the Animal Care and Consultation Center of Tokyo were 19·1% (22/115), 1·2% (1/85), and 2·5% (3/121), respectively. In the molecular analysis of 26 G. duodenalis isolates, 6 samples from 2 cat cafés belonged to the zoonotic genotype assemblage A I, and 20 other samples were of assemblage F. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) genes of the 20 assemblage F isolates revealed 2 major lineages. The 6 assemblage A isolates belonged to the same cluster with regard to the GDH gene; however, 2 of the 6 isolates belonged to a different cluster from the other 4 isolates with regard to the TPI gene. Therefore, a risk of transmission from cats to humans is suggested because of the detection of zoonotic Giardia genotypes in cat cafés.