bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular targeting by EndoTAG™‐1 enhances therapeutic efficacy of conventional chemotherapy in lung and pancreatic cancer
Authors: Eichhorn Martin E. , Ischenko Ivan , Luedemann Siiri , Strieth Sebastian , Papyan Armine , Werner Alexander , Bohnenkamp Hermann , Guenzi Eric , Preissler Gerhard , Michaelis Uwe , Jauch Karl‐Walter , Bruns Christiane J. , Dellian Marc 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCationic lipid complexed paclitaxel (EndoTAG™‐1) is a novel vascular targeting agent for the treatment of cancer. Here, the aim was to investigate intratumoral drug distribution after EndoTAG™‐1 therapy and analyze the impact of EndoTAG™‐1 scheduling on antitumoral efficacy. The therapeutic effect of EndoTAG™‐1 in combination with conventional gemcitabine or cisplatin therapy was evaluated in L3.6pl orthotopic pancreatic cancer and a subcutaneous Lewis lung (LLC‐1) carcinoma model. Oregon Green paclitaxel encapsulated in cationic liposomes in combination with intravital fluorescence microscopy clearly exhibited delivery of the drug by EndoTAG™‐1 to the tumor endothelium, whereas Oregon Green paclitaxel dissolved in cremophor displayed an interstitial distribution pattern. The therapeutic efficacy of EndoTAG™‐1 was critically dependent on the application schedule with best therapeutic results using a metronomic rather than a maximum tolerated dose application sequence. The combination of EndoTAG™‐1 therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy significantly enhanced antitumoral efficacy in both tumor models. Interestingly, only EndoTAG™‐1 in combination with gemcitabine was able to inhibit the incidence of metastasis in pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, vascular targeting tumor therapy by EndoTAG™‐1 combined with standard small molecular chemotherapy results in markedly enhanced antitumoral efficacy. Therefore, this combination represents a promising novel strategy for clinical cancer therapy.
Tristetraprolin regulates expression of VEGF and tumorigenesis in human colon cancer
Authors: Lee Hyun Hee , Son Young Joon , Lee Won Hyeok , Park Young Woo , Chae Seoung Wan , Cho Wha Ja , Kim Young Min , Choi Hye‐Jeong , Choi Dae Hwa , Jung Seok Won , Min Young Joo , Park Soon Eun , Lee Byung Ju , Cha Hee Jeong , Park Jeong Woo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTristetraprolin (TTP) is an AU‐rich element‐binding protein that regulates mRNA stability. Here, we report that TTP suppress the growth of human colon cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro by regulating of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). TTP protein expression in human colonic tissues was markedly decreased in colonic adenocarcinoma compared with in normal mucosa and adenoma. VEGF expression was higher in colonic adenocarcinoma than in normal mucosa and adenoma. Specific inhibition of TTP expression by RNA‐interference increased the expression of VEGF in cultured human colon cancer cells, and TTP overexpression markedly decreased it. In addition, elevated expression of TTP decreased the expression level of luciferase linked to a 3′ terminal AU‐rich element (ARE) of VEGF mRNA. Colo320/TTP cells overexpressing TTP grew slowly in vitro and became tumors small in size when xenografted s.c into nude mice. These findings demonstrate that TTP acts as a negative regulator of VEGF gene expression in colon cancer cells, suggesting that it can be used as novel therapeutic agent to treat colon cancer.
Will the EU survive an Eastern European crisis?
Authors: Tokic Damir 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAustria has lent 70 percent of its gross domestic product to Eastern European countries. Even a modest default rate on these loans will cause the collapse of the Austrian financial system. Other Western European banks also have significant exposure to Eastern Europe, which is heavily indebted and likely to default. Will the European Union be able to survive this crisis? © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Healing the global financial crisis
Authors: Goldberg Stephen R. , Giedeman Daniel C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRight now, the world is in the grips of a global financial crisis. The world economy is ailing. But what are the causes of this illness, and how can we heal it? The authors take a detailed look at the history, causes, and cure of our current economic woes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The threat of global white‐collar crime
Authors: McGee Jo Ann , Byington J. Ralph 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThere is no completely safe place in the world to do business. Most top executives accept this fact as a risk they have to manage. But how many understand the true scope of global white‐collar crime (WCC)—and its potential threats? For example, did you know that, according to PricewaterhouseCoopers, WCC is the most problematic issue for businesses worldwide? © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Navigating with the IFRS convergence roadmap
Authors: Cheng Kang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has been moving toward letting U.S. firms prepare financial statements using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), “converging” U.S. and international reporting standards. Even firms not otherwise involved in international trade may have to follow IFRSs. The author takes a close look at the SEC's proposed convergence road map, discusses the possible effects of IFRS convergence, pinpoints issues and concerns, and examines strategies to handle the changes ahead. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Due diligence in a new era of accountability
Authors: Sherman Andrew J. , Welch John E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFollowing the scandalous collapse of Enron, WorldCom, and other firms, we entered a new era of accountability—which brought us the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002. It ushered in stricter standards for corporate conduct and governance.But now we're experiencing a second wave of accountability and reforms. Its highlights include the election of President Obama and his commitment to transparency; the failure of banks and automobile companies; the Madoff scandal; the severe global recession; and mistrust of Wall Street.All this has triggered an increase in staffing at the Securities and Exchange Commission. Many see vigorous enforcement actions and new GAAP standards ahead.But how does this second new wave of accountability affect merger‐and‐acquisition (M&A) due diligence? And how can your firm avoid its dangers? The authors take a close look at how to operate in this new environment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FIN 46(R) Info: Not useful!
Authors: Soroosh Jalal , Zhu Hong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn response to the abuse of accounting standards by Enron, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Interpretation No. 46(R) (FIN 46(R)) to bring certain off‐balance‐sheet debts back on companies' financial statements. But in a survey, the authors found that chief financial officers and controllers doubted the usefulness of information they provided in response to FIN 46(R). What's more, FIN 46(R) didn't substantially affect the financial statements of most of the companies studied that were involved in variable interest entities (VIEs). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An automatic integrated approach for stained neuron detection in studying neuron migration
Authors: Huang Yue , Sun Xuezhi , Hu Guangshu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNeurons that come to populate the six‐layered cerebral cortex are born deep within the developing brain in the surface of the embryonic cerebral ventricles. It is very important to detect these neurons for studying histogenesis of the brain and abnormal migration that had been linked to cognitive deficits, mental retardation, and motor disorders. The visualization of labeled cells in brain sections was performed by immunocytochemical examination and its image data were documented to microscopic pictures. Based on the fact, automatic accurate neurons labeling is prerequisite instead of time‐consuming manual labeling. In this article, a fully automated image processing approach is proposed to detect all the stained neurons in microscopic images. First of all, dark stained neurons are achieved by thresholding in blue channel of image. And then a modified fuzzy c‐means clustering method, called alternative fuzzy c‐means is applied to achieve higher classification accuracy in extracting constraint factor. Finally, watershed based on gradient vector flow is employed to the constraint factor image to segment all the neurons, including clustered neurons. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can be a useful tool in neuron image analysis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative and functional morphology of wing coupling structures in Trichoptera: Annulipalpia
Authors: Stocks Ian C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSeveral orders of morphologically four‐winged insects have evolved mechanisms that enforce a union between the mesothoracic and metathoracic wings (forewings and hindwings) during the wing beat cycle. Such mechanisms result in a morphologically tetrapterous insect flying as if it were functionally dipterous, and these mechanisms have been described for several insect orders. The caddisfly suborders Annulipalpia and Integripalpia (Trichoptera) each have evolved a wing coupling apparatus, with at least three systems having evolved within the suborder Annulipalpia. The comparative and inferred functional morphology of the putative wing coupling mechanisms is described for the annulipalpian families Hydropsychidae (subfamilies Macronematinae and Hydropsychinae), Polycentropodidae and Ecnomidae, and a novel form‐functional complex putatively involved with at‐rest forewing‐forewing coupling is described for Hydropsychidae: Smicrideinae. It is proposed that the morphology of the wing coupling apparatuses of Hydropsychinae and Macronematinae are apomorphies for those clades. J. Morphol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seasonal influenza activity in Hong Kong and its association with meteorological variations
Authors: Chan Paul K.S. , Mok H.Y. , Lee T.C. , Chu Ida M.T. , Lam Wai‐Yip , Sung Joseph J.Y. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInfluenza seasons appear consistently in the temperate regions, but are more variable in tropical/subtropical regions. The determinant for such variation remains poorly understood. This study documented the activity of influenza over a 10‐year period in Hong Kong; examining its association with changes in temperature and relative humidity. The two types of influenza exhibited different correlations with meteorological variations. Influenza A showed two seasonal peaks occurring respectively in winter/spring and summer months in most years. Influenza B showed a clear winter/spring peak, but its activity during summer months was more variable. Cold and humid conditions were associated with a higher activity of both influenza A and B. In contrast, hot and humid conditions were associated with a higher activity of influenza A, but were associated with only a moderate, less consistent increase in the activity of influenza B. A trend of increase in the magnitude of summer peaks of influenza A, but not influenza B, was observed. A hypothetical 2°C rise in temperature would decrease the proportion of favorable days for influenza A in December–April from 78% to 57%, but an increase from 58% to 71% in May–November; with a similar effect (from 83% to 62%) for influenza B during December–April, but a modest change (from 17% to 18%) during May–November. The presence of two seasonal peaks of influenza annually emphasizes the need to evaluate the duration of protective immunity offered by vaccination. Further study on the effects of climate change and global warming on the activity of influenza is warranted. J. Med. Virol. 81:1797–1806, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequent transmission of hepatitis E virus among piglets in farms in Southern France
Authors: Kaba Mamadou , Davoust Bernard , Marié Jean‐Lou , Barthet Marc , Henry Mireille , Tamalet Catherine , Raoult Didier , Colson Philippe 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe present study aimed to assess whether hepatitis E virus (HEV) is present in domestic pigs in Southern France, and to determine the relationship between HEV sequences detected from pigs and from humans. Two hundred fifteen sera, 207 stools, and 107 bile samples were collected from 3‐ or 6‐month‐old pigs from different regions of Southern France. Pig IgG anti‐HEV antibodies testing was performed using a commercial ELISA kit with minor modifications. Pig HEV RNA was tested by real‐time PCR and sequencing assays using “in‐house” protocols. Forty percent of pigs were HEV‐seropositive. Sixty‐five percent of 3‐month‐old pigs and none of 6‐month‐old pigs were HEV RNA‐positive. HEV RNA was significantly more frequently detected from stools than from sera (65% vs. 22%; P < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis showed that pig HEV sequences belonged to genotype 3 and formed two clusters of genotype 3f and 3e. Nucleotide homology between pig HEV sequences of each cluster was high (>97%), and clusters were correlated with the geographical origin of pigs and with their repartition into pens and buildings in the pig farm. Based on analysis of 331 nucleotides, pig HEV sequences were close genetically to HEV sequences found from humans or pigs in Europe, and one showed complete nucleotide identity with an HEV sequence obtained in France from a human. The present data indicate that 3‐month‐old pigs from Southern France might represent a potential source of HEV transmission to humans, and stress the potential of HEV to cause epizootic infections in population of farm pigs. J. Med. Virol. 81:1750–1759, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of all four human metapneumovirus subtypes in nasopharyngeal specimens from children with respiratory disease in Uberlândia, Brazil
Authors: Carneiro Bruno M. , Yokosawa Jonny , Arbiza Juan , Costa Lourenço F. , Mirazo Santiago , Nepomuceno Lysa L. , Oliveira Thelma F.M. , Goulart Luiz Ricardo , Vieira Carlos U. , Freitas Guilherme R.O. , Paula Nayhanne T. , Queiróz Divina A.O. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a pathogen of the respiratory tract identified first in the Netherlands in 2001 and since then it has been detected worldwide. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize hMPV in samples collected from children <5 years presenting with acute respiratory disease (ARD) seen at a public hospital in Uberlândia, in Southeastern Brazil. One hundred fourteen nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) samples that were negative for the presence of nine other respiratory viruses were tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for the presence of hMPV RNA. Fourteen out of 114 (12.3%) samples were positive for presence of hMPV RNA. PCR products, obtained by the amplification of partial nucleotide sequence of gene N, were sequenced and compared with sequences deposited in GenBank. Sequences from eight samples were obtained and all four subtypes were identified. Also, the recently proposed sublineages “a” and “b” of subtype A2 were found; mean age was 21 months old; upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) was the most common clinical symptom; the virus was detected in samples collected from March to November, a period that corresponds to late summer to mid‐spring in Brazil. This is the first study to describe the circulation of all hMPV subtypes in Minas Gerais state. J. Med. Virol. 81:1814–1818, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of a mumps outbreak among university students with two measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccinations, Virginia, September–December 2006
Authors: Rota J.S. , Turner J.C. , Yost‐Daljev M.K. , Freeman M. , Toney D.M. , Meisel E. , Williams N. , Sowers S.B. , Lowe L. , Rota P.A. , Nicolai L.A. , Peake L. , Bellini W.J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFollowing the clinical diagnosis of the first case of mumps on September 22, 2006 at the University of Virginia (UVA), 52 suspected cases were identified through active surveillance for mumps by the end of December 2006. Samples were collected from 47 students who presented with parotitis despite a documented history of two doses of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Six of 47 serum samples (13%) were positive for mumps IgM, and 46/47 specimens were positive for mumps IgG. Endpoint titration of acute phase serum samples from laboratory‐confirmed cases did not provide evidence that elevated serum IgG is a consistent marker for infection among cases due to secondary vaccine failure. Buccal swab samples from 39 of the 47 students were tested by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and/or viral culture. Mumps virus or mumps RNA was detected in 12 of 39 buccal samples (31%). Genetic analysis of the virus from the outbreak at UVA indicated that the outbreak was not linked to the large mumps outbreak in the Midwestern US that occurred earlier in 2006. Our findings support the use of viral detection to improve laboratory diagnosis of mumps among persons who have received two doses of MMR. J. Med. Virol. 81:1819–1825, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid immunity to vaccination with woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen using cationic liposome–DNA complexes as adjuvant
Authors: Cote Paul J. , Butler Scott D. , George Andrea L. , Fairman Jeffery , Gerin John L. , Tennant Bud C. , Menne Stephan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractComplexes of cationic liposomes and non‐coding DNA (CLDC) have shown promise as vaccine adjuvant. Using the woodchuck animal model of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the immunogenic effects of CLDC were evaluated following vaccination with three doses of woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen (WHsAg) adjuvanted with either CLDC or conventional alum and administered intramuscularly (im) or subcutaneously (sc). IM vaccination with WHsAg and CLDC elicited antibodies earlier, in more woodchucks, and with higher titers than WHsAg and alum. After two vaccine doses, antibody titers were higher following im than sc administration. Woodchucks administered two vaccine doses sc received the third vaccine dose im, and antibody responses reached titers comparable to those elicited by im administration. Following the second vaccine dose, im vaccination with WHsAg and CLDC induced T cell responses to WHsAg and selected WHs peptides and expression of the leukocyte surface marker CD8 and of the Th1 cytokines interferon‐gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha in woodchucks. T cell responses and CD8/cytokine expression were diminished in woodchucks from the other groups suggesting that this vaccine regimen induced a skew toward Th1 immune responses. The present study in woodchucks demonstrates that CLDC‐adjuvanted WHsAg vaccine administered im resulted in a more rapid induction of humoral and cellular immune responses compared to conventional, alum‐adjuvanted WHsAg vaccine. While less rapid, the immune responses following sc administration can prime the im immune responses. This adjuvant activity of CLDC over alum may be beneficial for therapeutic vaccination in chronic HBV infection. J. Med. Virol. 81:1760–1772, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syndrome surveillance and molecular epidemiology for early detection and tracing of an outbreak of measles in Liguria, Italy
Authors: Ansaldi Filippo , Orsi Andrea , Altomonte Fiorella , Bertone Giuseppe , Parodi Valentina , Carloni Roberto , Moscatelli Paolo , Pasero Ermanno , Comaschi Marco , Oreste Paola , Orengo Giovanni , Durando Paolo , Icardi Giancarlo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe performances of surveillance systems for measles in Europe are poorly investigated, despite the fundamental role they should play in the early detection of outbreaks and in the assessment of the progress towards elimination. A new chief complaint syndrome surveillance system has been developed in Genoa, Italy, using data from the Emergency Department records of the regional reference university hospital and its ability to early detect an outbreak of measles that began during the winter months of 2007/2008 was evaluated. For the 23‐month period from January 2007 to November 2008, the Emergency Department registration and triage software was used to obtain the time series of daily counts, that were related with cases notified by the statutory notification system and detection and characterization data from the measles regional reference laboratory. One hundred fifty five cases of measles‐like illness were identified by the syndrome surveillance system. Two epidemic threshold breakthroughs were able to anticipate the first notified case by 54 and 11 days. Globally, the new syndrome surveillance system allows the activation of the alert state with a specificity of 94.3% and a sensitivity of 91%. Molecular investigation showed the spread of the virus from United Kingdom to Piemonte and then to Liguria and allowed us to exclude the re‐ circulation of strains circulating in Northern Italy during the previous seasons. Syndrome surveillance integrated with a rapid detection and characterization of the agent responsible for the disease could be an effective, specific and sensitive tool for measles surveillance. J. Med. Virol. 81:1807–1813, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rhinovirus infections in children: A retrospective and prospective hospital‐based study
Authors: Peltola Ville , Jartti Tuomas , Putto‐Laurila Anne , Mertsola Jussi , Vainionpää Raija , Waris Matti , Hyypiä Timo , Ruuskanen Olli 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTo analyze clinical characteristics and prevalence of rhinovirus infections in children in the hospital, we reviewed a retrospective dataset from a 20‐year period, and conducted a short‐term prospective study. Records of children and adolescents treated at our hospital during 1987–2006 with a documented rhinovirus infection were reviewed and compared with patients with other respiratory virus infections. Prospective study included all children ≥1 month of age admitted to pediatric infectious disease ward during an autumn period. Rhinoviruses were detected by reverse transcription‐PCR and/or culture, and sequence analysis was used for virus typing. In the retrospective study, the median age of 580 children with rhinovirus infection was 1.9 years (interquartile range, 1.0–4.3 years), and 27% had an underlying medical condition. Eighty‐four children (16% of in‐patients) were treated at pediatric intensive care unit. Twenty‐one children (4%) had a hospital‐acquired rhinovirus infection. In the prospective study, rhinoviruses were detected in 28% of 163 hospital episodes. Acute wheezing illness was diagnosed in 61% of children with rhinovirus and in 31% of children with respiratory syncytial virus, enterovirus, or no study virus (P < 0.001). One‐half of sequence‐analyzed rhinovirus strains belonged to the newly identified C group. In conclusion, rhinovirus infections are a frequent cause of pediatric hospitalizations, and they are common also at the intensive care unit. Acute wheezing is the most frequent manifestation in hospital setting, but the range of clinical presentations is wide. Group C rhinoviruses may account for a large part of rhinovirus hospitalizations. J. Med. Virol. 81:1831–1838, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.