bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endovascular treatment of ruptured posterior circulation aneurysms using electrolytically detachable coils
Authors: Nichols Douglas A. , Brown Robert D. , Thielen Kent R. , Meyer Fredric B. , Atkinson John L. D. , Piepgras David G. 
Published: June 2009

✓ The authors report their experience using electrolytically detachable coils for the treatment of ruptured posterior circulation aneurysms. Twenty-six patients with 28 posterior circulation aneurysms were treated. All patients were referred for endovascular treatment by experienced vascular neurosurgeons. Patients underwent follow-up angiography immediately after treatment, 1 to 6 weeks posttreatment, and 6 months posttreatment. Six-month follow-up angiograms obtained in 19 patients with 20 aneurysms demonstrated that 18 (90%) of the 20 aneurysms were 99 to 100% occluded, one aneurysm (5%) was approximately 90% occluded, and one aneurysm (5%) was approximately 75% occluded. The patient with the aneurysm that was approximately 75% occluded needed additional treatment, consisting of parent artery balloon occlusion, and was considered a treatment failure (3.8% of patients). There was one treatment-associated mortality (3.8%) but no treatment-associated serious neurological or nonneurological morbidity in the patient group. There was no recurrent aneurysm rupture during treatment or during the mean 27-month follow-up period.
Endovascular treatment of ruptured posterior circulation aneurysms with electrolytically detachable coils can be accomplished with low morbidity and mortality rates. The primary goal of treatment—preventing recurrent aneurysm—can be achieved over the short term.
Endovascular coil occlusion will play an important role in the treatment of ruptured posterior circulation aneurysms, particularly if long-term efficacy in preventing recurrent aneurysm hemorrhage can be documented.
Efficacy of sphenopalatine ganglion blockade in 66 patients suffering from cluster headache: a 12- to 70-month follow-up evaluation
Authors: Sanders Michael , Zuurmond Wouter W. A. 
Published: June 2009

✓ This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, based on 12- to 70-month follow-up data, of radiofrequency (RF) lesions of the sphenopalatine ganglion made in patients suffering from cluster headache. Sixty-six patients suffering from either episodic (Group A, 56 patients) or chronic (Group B, 10 patients) cluster headache who were not responsive to pharmacological management were treated by RF lesioning in the sphenopalatine ganglion.
Complete relief of pain was achieved in 34 (60.7%) of 56 patients in Group A and in three (30%) of 10 patients in Group B. No relief was found in eight patients (14.3%) in Group A and in four (40%) in Group B. The mean time of follow up was 29.1 ± 10.6 months in Group A and 24 ± 9.7 months in Group B, ranging from 12 to 70 months. With regard to side effects and complications, temporary postoperative epistaxis was observed in eight patients and a cheek hematoma in 11 patients; a partial RF lesion of the maxillary nerve was inadvertently made in four patients. Nine patients complained of hypesthesia of the palate, which disappeared in all cases within 3 months.
The authors conclude that RF lesioning in the sphenopalatine ganglion via the infrazygomatic approach may be performed in patients suffering from cluster headache that does not respond to pharmacological therapy.
Contribution of vasogenic and cellular edema to traumatic brain swelling measured by diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: Barzó Pál , Marmarou Anthony , Fatouros Panos , Hayasaki Koji , Corwin Frank 
Published: June 2009

✓ The contribution of brain edema to brain swelling in cases of traumatic brain injury remains a critical problem. The authors believe that cellular edema, the result of complex neurotoxic events, is the major contributor to brain swelling and that vasogenic edema, secondary to blood-brain barrier compromise, may be overemphasized. The objective of this study, therefore, was to quantify temporal water content changes and document the type of edema that forms during the acute and late stages of edema development following closed head injury (CHI). The measurement of brain water content was based on magnetic resonance imaging—determined values of tissue longitudinal relaxation time (T1-weighted imaging) and their subsequent conversion to percentage of water, whereas the differentiation of edema formation (cellular vs. vasogenic) was based on the measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) by diffusion-weighted imaging.
A new impact-acceleration model was used to induce CHI. Thirty-six adult Sprague—Dawley rats were separated into two groups: Group I, control (six animals); and Group II, trauma (30 animals). Fast ADC measurements (localized, single-voxel) were obtained sequentially (every minute) up to 1 hour postinjury. The T1-weighted images, used for water content determination, and the diffusion-weighted images (ADC measurement with conventional diffusion-weighted imaging) were obtained at the end of the 1st hour postinjury and on Days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42 in animals from the trauma and control groups.
In the animals subjected to trauma, the authors found a significant increase in ADC (10 ± 5%) and brain water content (1.3 ± 0.9%) during the first 60 minutes postinjury. This is consistent with an increase in the volume of extracellular fluid and vasogenic edema formation as a result of blood-brain barrier compromise. This transient increase, however, was followed by a continuing decrease in ADC that began 40 to 60 minutes postinjury and reached a minimum value on Days 7 to 14 (10 ± 3% reduction). Because the water content of the brain continued to increase during the first 24 hours postinjury (1.9 ± 0.9%), it is suggested that the decreased ADC indicated cellular edema formation, which started to develop soon after injury and became dominant between 1 and 2 weeks postinjury.
The study provides supportive evidence that cellular edema is the major contributor to posttraumatic swelling in diffuse CHI and defines the onset and duration of the increase in cellular volume.
Online pattern recognition based on a generalized hidden Markov model for intraoperative vital sign monitoring
Authors: Yang Ping , Dumont Guy A. , Ansermino J. Mark 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe trend patterns of vital signs provide significant insight into the interpretation of intraoperative physiological measurements. We have modeled the trend signal of a vital sign parameter as a generalized hidden Markov model (also known as a hidden semi‐Markov model). This model treats a time series as a sequence of predefined patterns and describes the transition between these patterns as a first‐order Markov process and the intra‐segmental variations as different dynamic linear systems. Based on this model, a switching Kalman smoother combines a Bayesian inference process with a fixed‐point Kalman smoother in order to estimate the unconditional true signal values and generates the probability of occurrence for each pattern online. The probabilities of pattern transitions are tested against a threshold to detect change points. A second‐order generalized pseudo‐Bayesian algorithm is used to summarize the state propagation over time and reduces the computational overhead. The memory complexity is reduced using linked tables. The algorithm was tested on 30 simulated signals and 10 non‐invasive‐mean‐blood‐pressure trend signals collected at a local hospital. In the simulated test, the algorithm achieved a high accuracy of signal estimation and pattern recognition. In the test on clinical data, the change directions of 45 trend segments, out of the 54 segments annotated by an expert, were correctly detected with the best performing threshold, and with the introduction of only 8 false‐positive detections. The proposed method can detect the changes of trend patterns in a time series online, while generating quantitative evaluation of the significance of detection. This method is promising for physiological monitoring as the method not only generates early alerts, but also summarizes the temporal contextual information for a high‐level decision support system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synchrotron‐Based Micro‐CT and Refraction‐Enhanced Micro‐CT for Non‐Destructive Materials Characterisation
Authors: Müller Bernd R. , Lange Axel , Harwardt Michael , Hentschel Manfred P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractX‐ray computed tomography is an important tool for non‐destructively evaluating the 3‐D microstructure of modern materials. To resolve material structures in the micrometer range and below, high brilliance synchrotron radiation has to be used. The Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) has built up an imaging setup for micro‐tomography and ‐radiography (BAMline) at the Berliner storage ring for synchrotron radiation (BESSY). In computed tomography, the contrast at interfaces within heterogeneous materials can be strongly amplified by effects related to X‐ray refraction. Such effects are especially useful for materials of low absorption or mixed phases showing similar X‐ray absorption properties that produce low contrast. The technique is based on ultra‐small‐angle scattering by microstructural elements causing phase‐related effects, such as refraction and total reflection. The extraordinary contrast of inner surfaces is far beyond absorption effects. Crack orientation and fibre/matrix debonding in plastics, polymers, ceramics and metal‐matrix‐composites after cyclic loading and hydro‐thermal aging can be visualized. In most cases, the investigated inner surface and interface structures correlate to mechanical properties. The technique is an alternative to other attempts on raising the spatial resolution of CT machines.
Direct Conversion of Single‐Layer SnO Nanoplates to Multi‐Layer SnO2 Nanoplates with Enhanced Ethanol Sensing Properties
Authors: Li Kun‐Mu , Li Yi‐Jing , Lu Ming‐Yen , Kuo Chung‐I , Chen Lih‐Juann 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDirect conversion of single‐layer SnO nanoplates to multi‐layer SnO2 nanoplates is achieved by annealing in an O2 ambient at 700 °C. For 50 ppm ethanol, the sensitivities of the multi‐layer SnO2 nanoplates are more than double that of single‐layer SnO2 nanoplates, which are also formed from the single‐layer SnO. The higher sensitivity of the multi‐layer nanoplates is attributed to their larger surface/volume ratio. The facile fabrication of interconnected multi‐layer SnO2 nanoplates at low temperature directly on a Si substrate and sensing chip without the aid of catalysts offers vast advantages over competing methods for the fabrication of high‐sensitivity SnO2 sensors.
Sample Target Substrates with Reduced Spot Size for MALDI‐TOF Mass Spectrometry Based on Patterned Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Herzer Nicole , Eckardt Rebecca , Hoeppener Stephanie , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe wetting properties of structured self‐assembled monolayers are used to fabricate sample target substrates for MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. Combining the advantages of a hydrophobic‐hydrophilic surface pattern and the possibility of obtaining micrometer patterns allows an increase in the sensitivity of MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry analysis and a reduction in the traceable concentration down to fmol µL−1. This easy, cheap and fast patterning process provides substrates that allow sensitive, high‐resolution mass spectrometry of dilute solutions.
Repeated Transfer of Colloidal Patterns by Using Reversible Buckling Process
Authors: Hyun Dong Choon , Moon Geon Dae , Cho Eun Chul , Jeong Unyong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe reversible nature of buckling is employed to repeatedly transfer colloids assembled in buckling patterns to flat surfaces. The cycle of colloidal loading–transfer–buckling is repeatedly carried out to fabricate the same colloidal patterns. The key to success is the reduction in the amplitude of the buckling patterns to a few nanometers as well as the recovery of initial buckling patterns after repeated stretching. The reduced buckling amplitude by poststretching or thermal annealing embosses the colloids assembled in the trenches of the buckling patterns, which enables the transfer regardless of the size, species, or layer thickness of the particles. This report demonstrates various transferred patterns composed of colloidal crystals, fluorescence hydrogel colloids, Au nanoparticles, and iron oxide magnetic particles. Since the process does not require surface modification of the colloids, it can be used to fabricate any colloidal patterns.
Synthesis and Characterization of Red‐Emitting Iridium(III) Complexes for Solution‐Processable Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Seung‐Joon , Park Jin‐Su , Song Myungkwan , Shin In Ae , Kim Young‐Inn , Lee Jae Wook , Kang Jae‐Wook , Gal Yeong‐Soon , Kang Sunwoo , Lee Jin Yong , Jung Sung‐Hyun , Kim Hyung‐Sun , Chae Mi‐Young , Jin Sung‐Ho 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA new series of highly efficient red‐emitting phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes, (Et‐CVz‐PhQ)2Ir(pic‐N‐O), (Et‐CVz‐PhQ)2Ir(pic), (Et‐CVz‐PhQ)2Ir(acac), (EO‐CVz‐PhQ)2Ir(pic‐N‐O), (EO‐CVz‐PhQ)2Ir(pic), and (EO‐CVz‐PhQ)2Ir(acac), based on carbazole (CVz)‐phenylquinoline (PhQ) main ligands and picolinic acid N‐oxide (pic‐N‐O), picolinic acid (pic), and acetylacetone (acac) ancillary ligands, are synthesized for phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs), and their photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescent (EL) properties are investigated. All of the Ir(III) complexes have high thermal stability and emit an intense red light with an excellent color purity at CIE coordinates of (0.65,0.34). Remarkably, high‐performance solution‐processable PhOLEDs were fabricated using Ir(III) complexes with a pic‐N‐O ancillary ligand with a maximum external quantum efficiency (5.53%) and luminance efficiency (8.89 cd A−1). The novel use of pic‐N‐O ancillary ligand in the synthesis of phosphorescent materials is reported. The performance of PhOLEDs using these Ir(III) complexes correlates well with the results of density functional theory calculations.
Soft‐sensor development using correlation‐based just‐in‐time modeling
Authors: Fujiwara Koichi , Kano Manabu , Hasebe Shinji , Takinami Akitoshi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSoft‐sensors have been widely used for estimating product quality or other key variables, but their estimation performance deteriorate when the process characteristics change. To cope with such changes, recursive PLS and Just‐In‐Time (JIT) modeling have been developed. However, recursive PLS does not always function well when process characteristics change abruptly and JIT modeling does not always achieve the high‐estimation performance. In the present work, a new method for constructing soft‐sensors based on a JIT modeling technique is proposed. In the proposed method, referred to as correlation‐based JIT modeling (CoJIT), the samples used for local modeling are selected on the basis of the correlation among measured variables and the model can adapt to changes in process characteristics. The usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case study of a CSTR process, in which catalyst deactivation and recovery are taken into account. In addition, its industrial application to a cracked gasoline fractionator is reported. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Clinical study of two brothers with a novel 33 bp duplication in the ARX gene
Authors: Demos Michelle K. , Fullston Tod , Partington Michael W. , Gécz Jozef , Gibson William T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPathogenic variations of the ARX (aristaless‐related homeobox) gene are associated with marked phenotypic pleiotropy. These phenotypes are X‐linked neurological disorders that include brain and genital malformation and non‐malformation syndromes. Typically, malformation phenotypes result from pathogenic variations that are predicted to truncate the ARX protein, or alter residues in the highly conserved homeodomain. While non‐malformation phenotypes tend to be caused by pathogenic variations that are predicted to expand the first two polyalanine tracts of ARX, or alter residues outside of the homeodomain. The most common pathogenic variation of the ARX gene is a duplication of 24 bp, c.429_452 dup, which leads to an expansion of the second polyalanine tract of the ARX protein from 12 to 20 alanine residues. This pathogenic variation is associated with both sporadic and familial nonsyndromic mental retardation. Syndromic manifestations include mental retardation with hand dystonia (Partington syndrome), infantile spasms (West syndrome) and/or other epileptic seizures. Here, we report on a novel pathogenic variant of a tandem 33 bp duplication that is predicted to result in an expansion of polyalanine tract 2 in two brothers with mental retardation, epilepsy, dystonia, and the novel feature of intermittent hyperventilation. This pathogenic variation is predicted to result in a “non‐homogeneous” polyalanine tract expansion that is longer than predicted expansion caused by the common 24 bp duplication. The location of the novel 33 bp duplication in the same region as the common 24 bp duplication supports this region as the ARX variation “hot spot.” © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The unique value of primate models in translational research
Authors: Shively Carol A. , Clarkson Thomas B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis special issue of AJP is focused on research using nonhuman primates as models to further the understanding of women's health. Nonhuman primates play a unique role in translational science by bridging the gap between basic and clinical investigations. The use of nonhuman primates in biomedical research challenges our resolve to treat all life as sacred. The scientific community has responded by developing ethical guidelines for the care and the use of primates and clarifying the responsibility of investigators to insure the physical and psychological well‐being of nonhuman primates used in research. Preclinical investigations often involve the use of animal models. Rodent models have been the mainstay of biomedical science and have provided enormous insight into the workings of many mammalian systems that h ave proved applicable to human biological systems. Rodent models are dissimilar to primates in numerous ways, which may limit the generalizability to human biological systems. These limitations are much less likely in nonhuman primates and in Old World primates, in particular, Macaques are useful models for investigations involving the reproductive system, bioenergetics, obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular health, central nervous system function, cognitive and social behavior, the musculoskeletal system, and diseases of aging. This issue considers primate models of polycystic ovary syndrome; diet effects on glycemic control, breast and endometrium; estrogen, reproductive life stage and atherosclerosis; estrogen and diet effects on inflammation in atherogenesis; the neuroprotective effects of estrogen therapy; social stress and visceral obesity; and sex differences in the role of social status in atherogenesis. Unmet research needs in women's health include the use of diets in nonhuman primate studies that are similar to those consumed by human beings, primate models of natural menopause, dementia, hypertension, colon cancer, and frailty in old age, and dedicated colonies for the study of breast cancer. Am. J. Primatol. 71:715–721, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigations on esterification reactions of starches in 1‐N‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride and resulting substituent distribution
Authors: Lehmann André , Volkert Bert 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe ionic liquid (IL) 1‐N‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]+Cl−) was used as solvent for different esterification reactions of the biopolymer starch. Therefore, maize starches with varying content of amylose were used. Different carboxylic acid anhydrides were applied to esterify starch with a degree of substitution (DS) in the range of 0.7–3.0. For example, starch acetates with the mentioned DS are accessible within 30 min at a 105°C‐reaction temperature. The DS distribution of starch acetates synthesized in IL was compared with the common starch acetate synthesis of Mark and Mehltretter. Also, a consideration of starch acetates and cellulose acetates synthesized in [C4mim]+Cl− is given. The starch esters were characterized by means of Raman spectroscopy for qualitative‐ and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantitative determination of the functionalization pattern. Moreover, the molecular mass distribution was determined after saponification by means of GPC‐MALLS. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Preparation of acrylic acid grafted polypropylene nonwoven fabric by photoinduced graft polymerization with preabsorption of monomer solution
Authors: Na Choon‐Ki , Park Hyun‐Ju 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe improved photoinduced graft polymerization by absorbing the monomer solution onto the substrate (Ab‐type) instead of immersing the substrate in the monomer solution (Im‐type) before photoirradiation to yield a more practical and effective grafting system. With this system, acrylic acid (AA) was effectively grafted onto polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabric. The maximum degree of grafting obtainable was restricted by the amount of monomer preabsorbed onto the PP fabric. However, we effectively enhanced the degree of grafting by increasing the monomer concentration, adding trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) to the monomer solution, and repeating the photoirradiation with supplementation of the monomer solution. The net availability of the monomer for graft polymerization was 50% or greater; this increased to 90% or greater with the addition of TMPTA and was much higher than for conventional Im‐type photografting (≤13%). Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy morphology observations, and the adsorption–regeneration properties confirmed that the PP‐g‐AA fabric prepared by the improved Ab‐type photografting method had comparable qualities to those of fabric prepared by conventional Im‐type photografting. Thus, the improved Ab‐type photografting system provides potential for the preparation of graft adsorbents on a large scale at a competitive cost with a continuous reactor, such as a conveyer belt system, instead of a batch reactor. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009