bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing Time to Diagnosis Does Not Improve Outcomes for Women With Symptomatic Ovarian Cancer: A Report From the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group
Authors: Nagle Christina M. , Francis Jane E. , Nelson Anne E. , Zorbas Helen , Luxford Karen , de Fazio Anna , Fereday Sian , Bowtell David D. , Green Adèle C. , Webb Penelope M. 
Published: May 2011

Purpose To determine if time to diagnosis is associated with stage of disease at diagnosis or survival among women with symptomatic ovarian cancer. Methods A representative sample of Australian women (n = 1,463) with ovarian cancer diagnosed between 2002 and 2005 who participated in a population-based case-control study were interviewed regarding the events leading to their diagnosis and were observed for mortality for 5 years. Results Of the 1,318 women (90%) who presented to a medical practitioner with symptoms, 55% presented within 1 month, 70% in less than 2 months, and 92% within 6 months of symptom onset. There were no significant differences in the time from symptom onset to first medical practitioner consultation (P = .19) or symptom onset to diagnosis (P = .64) among women with borderline, early (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] stages I to II) or late (FIGO stages III to IV) disease. There was also no association between time to diagnosis and survival; adjusted hazard ratio for long delay (> 12 months from symptom onset to diagnosis) versus short delay (≤ 1 month) was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.68 to 1.30). Women who had asymptomatic cancers diagnosed incidentally (n = 145) were younger and were more likely to have borderline or stage I disease compared with women who had symptomatic ovarian cancer. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that, once ovarian cancer is symptomatic, reducing the time to diagnosis would not greatly alter stage of disease at diagnosis or survival.
Survival Outcomes After Radiation Therapy for Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer After Adoption of Computed Tomography–Based Simulation
Authors: Chen Aileen B. , Neville Bridget A. , Sher David J. , Chen Kun , Schrag Deborah 
Published: May 2011

Purpose Technical studies suggest that computed tomography (CT) –based simulation improves the therapeutic ratio for thoracic radiation therapy (TRT), although few studies have evaluated its use or impact on outcomes. Methods We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) –Medicare linked data to identify CT-based simulation for TRT among Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between 2000 and 2005. Demographic and clinical factors associated with use of CT simulation were identified, and the impact of CT simulation on survival was analyzed by using Cox models and propensity score analysis. Results The proportion of patients treated with TRT who had CT simulation increased from 2.4% in 1994 to 34.0% in 2000 to 77.6% in 2005. Of the 5,540 patients treated with TRT from 2000 to 2005, 60.1% had CT simulation. Geographic variation was seen in rates of CT simulation, with lower rates in rural areas and in the South and West compared with those in the Northeast and Midwest. Patients treated with chemotherapy were more likely to have CT simulation (65.2% v 51.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.48 to 1.88; P < .01), although there was no significant association between use of surgery and CT simulation. Controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, CT simulation was associated with lower risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.82; P < .01) compared with conventional simulation. Conclusion CT-based simulation has been widely, although not uniformly, adopted for the treatment of stage III NSCLC and is associated with higher survival among patients receiving TRT.
Enhancing dewatering of thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP) based papermaking through enzymatic treatment
Authors: Oksanen Antti , Edelmann Kari , Kataja-aho Janne , Suurnäkki Anna 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The aim of this work was to improve the dewatering characteristics of thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP) through enzymatic treatment without any significant reduction of the quality of the end product. The cellulose and hemicellulose content of TMP was altered by means of enzymatic treatments using different purified cellulases and hemicellulases as well as commercial enzyme preparations, in order to clarify the target carbohydrate components affecting the dewatering of TMP. The effects of enzymatic treatments on the properties of the pulp as well as its forming, pressing and drying were studied by lab scale measurements. An increased dewatering rate of TMP was observed in initial drainage, wet pressing and drying laboratory experiments, as a result of various enzymatic treatments. Interestingly, both cellulose and galactoglucomannan components in TMP were found to affect the dewatering properties of the pulp, and a greatest improvement in dewatering could be obtained with a combined treatment with an endoglucanase type of cellulase and mannanase.
Situationally independent prosodic phrasing
Authors: Speer Shari R. , Warren Paul , Schafer Amy J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA series of speech production and categorization experiments demonstrates that naïve speakers and listeners reliably use correspondences between prosodic phrasing and syntactic constituent structure to resolve standing and temporary ambiguity. Materials obtained from a co-operative gameboard task show that prosodic phrasing effects (e.g., the location of the strongest break in an utterance) are independent of discourse factors that might be expected to influence the impact of syntactic ambiguity, including the availability of visual referents for the meanings of ambiguous utterances and the use of utterances as instructions versus confirmations of instructions. These effects hold across two dialects of English, spoken in the American Midwest, and New Zealand. Results from PP-attachment and verb transitivity ambiguities indicate clearly that the production of prosody-syntax correspondences is not conditional upon situational disambiguation of syntactic structure, but is rather more directly tied to grammatical constraints on the production of prosodic and syntactic form. Differences between our results and those reported elsewhere are best explained in terms of differences in task demands.
Neuromagnetic reflections of harmony and constraint violations in Turkish
Authors: Scharinger Mathias , Idsardi William J. , Poe Samantha 
Published: May 2011

AbstractVowel harmony is a phonotactic principle that requires adjacent vowels to agree in certain vowel features. Phonological theory considers this principle to be represented in one's native grammar, but its abstractness and perceptual consequences remain a matter of debate. In this paper, we are interested in the brain's response to violations of harmony in Turkish. For this purpose, we test two acoustically close and two acoustically distant vowel pairs in Turkish, involving different kinds of harmony violations. Our measure is the Mismatch Negativity (MMN), an automatic change detection response of the brain that has previously been applied for the study of native phoneme representations in a variety of languages. The results of our experiment support the view that vowel harmony is a phonological principle with a language-specific long-term memory representation. Asymmetries in MMN responses support a phonological analysis of the pattern of results, but do not provide evidence for a pure acoustic or a pure probabilistic approach. Phonological analyses are given within Optimality Theory (OT) and within an underspecification account.
In Vitro Knee Wear, Kinematics, and Particle Morphology Among Different Bearing Geometries in a Mobile Bearing Knee System
Authors: Grupp T. M. , Miehlke R. K. , Hintner M. , Schwiesau J. , Kaddick C. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Excellent clinical long term results were reported from individual clinical centers for both of the two fundamental design principles—fixed and mobile bearing knee designs. Several pre-clinical studies are dealing with a direct comparison between fixed and mobile bearing knee replacements, but to our knowledge there is no published data comparing the in vitro wear and kinematic behaviour of mobile bearing designs with floating, rotating and posterior stabilized gliding surfaces. The objective of our study was to evaluate the influence of the tibio-femoral bearing type on abrasive wear, tibio-femoral kinematics and particle release for a mobile bearing knee system with three different design alternatives. Wear simulator testing on 12 e.motion® TKA devices (Aesculap, Germany) was performed according to ISO 14243-1. The knee replacements were tested for 5 million cycles on a customized 4 station knee wear simulator (Endolab, Germany) in the bearing configurations floating platform (FP), ultra-concruent rotating platform (UC) and posterior stabilized (PS). The amount of wear in the polyethylene gliding surfaces was estimated to 4.4±0.9 mg/million cycles (FP design) to 2.3±0.1 mg/million cycles (UC) and 5.2±1.0 mg/million cycles (PS). The amplitudes of A/P displacement during 5 million cycles showed a mean value of 3.7±0.33 mm (FP design), 2.3±0.14 mm (UC) and 2.9±0.26 mm (PS). For the I/E rotation angle, the amplitudes of the recorded mean values were 6.3°±0.82° (FP design), 3.7±0.41° (UC) and 4.9°±0.48° (PS). The polyethylene particle release (mean size and morphology) is comparable for the mobile bearing articulations FP, UC, and PS. The present study demonstrates the influence of different mobile bearing types on abrasive wear, tibio-femoral kinematics, and particle release under elimination of bearing material influences.
Field Scale Evaluation of Spray Drift Reduction Technologies from Ground and Aerial Application Systems
Authors: Fritz Bradley K. , Hoffmann W. Clint , Bagley W. E. , Hewitt Andrew 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The objective of this work is to evaluate a proposed test plan for the validation testing of pesticide spray drift reduction technologies (DRTs) for row and field crops, focusing on the testing of ground and aerial application systems under full-scale field evaluations. The measure of performance for a given DRT tested under field conditions is the downwind deposition as measured on horizontal fallout collectors. Ground and aerial application equipment were evaluated for in-swath and downwind deposition of sprays as applied by both a reference system and a drift reducing technology. For this study, the reference system was defined as a spray boom outfitted with the ASABE Fine/Medium boundary reference nozzles. For the ground system, the drift reducing system tested was a ground sprayer outfitted with an air-induction version of the reference nozzle. The aerial system DRT was a flat fan nozzle specifically designed for aerial application usage. Downwind deposition was measured from the edge of the swath out to 100 m downwind. Additionally, the airborne portion of the spray remaining suspended in the air at 50 m downwind was measured. There were a number of confounding issues with the measured data including poor recovery of deposits and non-ideal wind directions during specific replications. Even with these issues, the drift reduction between the reference and DRT system measured in the field for the aerial trials was similar to that estimated using the agricultural dispersion model. A number of additional improvements and checks are suggested prior to further field evaluations.
Length Effects in Tensile Strength in the Orthogonal Directions of Structural Composite Lumber
Authors: Arwade Sanjay R. , Clouston Peggi L. , Krupka Meghan T. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The natural variation of strength properties within brittle materials leads to the phenomenon of size effect which causes the expected strength of a material to decrease as the stressed volume increases. An important implication of size effect is that size adjustment parameters must be incorporated into multi-axial constitutive and failure models used in numerical simulations such as those made using the finite element method. These size adjustments are based on the sizes of the individual elements, rather than the size of the structural member. This experimental study seeks to determine whether such a size effect is present in the orthotropic principal material directions of parallel strand lumber (PSL) and laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and, if the effect is present, to quantify it. Tensile tests were performed on specimens of different test section lengths oriented in the longitudinal, transverse, and through-thickness (PSL only) directions and size effect adjustment parameters were estimated. Statistical results indicate the existence of size effect in LVL and PSL for the longitudinal and transverse directions.
Investigation on the production and isolation of 149,150,151Tb from 12C irradiated natural praseodymium target
Authors: Maiti Moumita , Lahiri Susanta , Tomar B. S. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Short lived α-emitting radionuclides have enormous potential to be used in the targeted therapy. 149Tb (4.118 h) is among the few α-emitting radionuclides which are projected for human clinical use. Therefore, direct production of 149Tb was aimed from the 12C induced reaction on natural praseodymium target of 15 mg∕cm2 thickness at 71.5 MeV incident beam energy. No-carrier-added (nca) 149,150,151Tb radionuclides were produced in the target matrix along with 149Gd, which is also the decay product of 149Tb, with relatively high yield of 149Tb. An efficient radiochemical separation method was developed to separate nca 149–151Tb from bulk praseodymium and coproduced Gd by liquid–liquid extraction (LLX) using aqueous HCl and liquid cation extracting agent di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) dissolved in cyclohexane. Quantitative extraction of nca 149–151Tb was achieved from bulk target with a high separation factor of 4.7×105.
Investigation of the 236U/238U isotope abundance ratio in uranium ores and yellow cake samples
Authors: Srncik M. , Mayer K. , Hrnecek Erich , Wallenius Maria , Varga Z. , Steier P. , Wallner G. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Uranium ores and yellow cake samples of known geographic origin were investigated for their n(236U)/n(238U) isotope abundance ratio. Samples from four different uranium mines in Australia, Brazil and Canada were selected. Uranium was separated by UTEVA® Resin and was measured by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) at the Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator (VERA). The measurement of the isotope abundance ratio n(236U)/n(238U) will be used to investigate possible correlations between the original mineral (uranium ore) and the intermediate product (yellow cake). Such correlations are useful indicators for nuclear forensic or for non-proliferation purposes.
Temperature-dependent neutron diffraction on TiI3
Authors: Angelkort Joachim , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Schönleber Andreas , Smaalen Sander van 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Crystal structures of TiI3 were determined and refined at selected temperatures between 4 and 340 K against neutron powder diffraction data. On heating, thermal expansion is found to increase abruptly at the phase transition at T
c = 323 K. Most prominently, linear thermal expansion is highly anisotropic and small along c (i.e. along chains of Ti atoms) in the low-temperature phase, while above T
c it is much larger along c. An order parameter is defined by the ratio between the long and the short Ti—Ti distances on the metal chains. The temperature dependence of the order parameter indicates the transition to be of first order.
Syntheses, crystal structures, magnetic properties and vibrational spectra of nitridoborate-halide compounds Sr2[BN2]Br and Eu2[BN2]X(X= Br, I) with isolated [BN2]3–units
Authors: Kokal Ilkin , Aydemir Umut , Prots Yurii , Schnelle Walter , Akselrud Lev , Höhn Peter , Somer Mehmet 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe title compounds Sr2[BN2]Br (1), Eu2[BN2]Br (2) and Eu2[BN2]I (3) were obtained from reactions of mixtures of Sr3[BN2]2and SrBr2(1) and the binaries EuN, h-BN and EuX2(X= Br, I) (2,3), respectively. The crystal structure of Sr2[BN2]Br was solved from X-ray powder diffraction data and those of the europium compounds from X-ray single crystal data. Sr2[BN2]Br and Eu2[BN2]Br are isotypic crystallizing in the rhombohedral space groupR-3m(No. 166, Pearson code:hR18;Z= 3;a= 4.11692(2) Å,c= 26.4611(2) Å (1);a= 4.0728(3) Å,c= 26.589(3) Å (2)). The crystal structures are built up by layers of condensed edge-sharing [B—N—B]@Eu6and [Br]@Eu6trigonal antiprisms, which are alternately stacked along [001]. Eu2[BN2]I – isotypic to Sr2[BN2]I – crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/m(No. 11, Pearson code:mP24;Z= 4;a= 10.2548(6) Å,b= 4.1587(3) Å,c= 13.1234(9) Å,β= 91.215(4)°). The crystal structure is characterized by slightly puckered layers formed by condensed edge sharing I@Eu6octahedra which are separated by isolated [BN2]3–units. The bond lengths for the strictly linear [BN2]3–anions in(1)and(2)ared(B—N) = 1.351(4) Å and 1.356(8) Å, respectively. In Eu2[BN2]I two crystallograhically distinct [BN2]3–anions are present withd(B1—N) = 1.32(4) Å, 1.37(4) Å andd(B2—N) = 1.30(4) Å, 1.34(4) Å, respectively. Their bond angles vary slightly: ∠(N—B1—N) = 179(3)° and ∠(N—B2—N) = 177(3)°. The magnetic susceptibility data of the europium compounds (2) and (3) indicate that the Eu ions are divalent with 4f7configuration. Vibrational spectra were measured and interpreted based on theD∞hsymmetry of the discrete linear [N—B—N]3–moieties, considering the site symmetry reduction and the presence of two distinct [BN2]3–groups in (3).
Photochemical Properties and Reactions with Biomolecules of 4'-N-Acetyl Derivative of Norfloxacin
Authors: Zhang Peng , Li Haixia , Liu Yancheng , Yao Side , Wang Wenfeng 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The photochemical properties of 4'-N-acetyl derivative of norfloxacin (ANFX) were investigated in different solutions. Both UV-Vis absorption and the quantum yields of excited states are pH-dependent, and pK
a value of ground state for the protonation of 3-carboxylic group was determined to be 6.5 ± 0.2. Pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis experiments were carried out to characterize transient species of ANFX and to investigate reactions with tryptophan (TrpH) and 2'-seoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphoric acid disodium salt (dGMP). The ANFX undergoes the photoejection of electron by a mixed mechanism of one-photon and two-photon processes. Under moderate laser energy conditions, two-photon process is predominantly. The ANFX radical dianion (ANFX(–H)·2−) formed in reaction with eaq
− is characterized by the absorption around 370 nm, and the rate constant was determined to be 1.2 × 1010 dm3 mol−1 s−1. The 3ANFX(–H)−∗ is able to oxidize TrpH and dGMP with bimolecular rate constants of 5.4 × 108 and 9.5 × 106 dm3 mol−1 s−1, respectively. The ANFX(–H)·2− and the oxidized radicals of TrpH and dGMP were observed directly. Under aerobic conditions, the photo-oxidations involve both type I and type II mechanisms.
Direct Access to the Dipole-Forbidden n
π
∗
T
1 State of p-Benzoquinone by Photodetachment Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Siegert S. , Vogeler F. , Weinkauf R. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In this work we show that photodetachment photoelectron (PD-PE) spectroscopy on radical anions allows direct access to dark states, such as dipole-forbidden n
π
∗ triplet and singlet states. p-benzoquinone (BQ) was chosen as model molecule because it is experimentally and theoretically well investigated and its lowest electronic states are electric dipole-forbidden n
π
∗ triplet and singlet states. Because of the high density of electronic states we observe a dense structure with many transitions in our PD-PE spectrum. We identify the first peak at 2.3 eV above the S
0 onset as the T
1 state origin, in good agreement with previous data. We are not able to resolve the splitting between the states T
1 (13
B
1g
) and T
2 (13
A

u
) as well as the corresponding S
1 (11
A

u
) and S
2 (11
B
1g
) states, but perform a tentative assignment of the singlet-triplet splitting on the basis of literature data. The fact that the spectral features in our PD-PE spectrum cover a broad energy range is taken as a strong experimental evidence for the presence of the T
3
π
π
∗ state, which has been predicted to lie in this energy range. Our investigations on BQ show that in principle, by starting spectroscopy in radical anions most of the selection rules, valid in neutral BQ molecules, can be circumvented and n
π
∗ states, triplet states and other dipole-forbidden states become directly accessible with bright intensity. Much higher electron energy resolution is required to allow unambiguous assignments and make PD-PES of radical anions a valuable method for the spectroscopy dark states of neutral closed-shell molecules.
Individual Extraction Constants of Some Univalent Organic Cations in the Two-Phase Water–Phenyltrifluoromethyl Sulfone System
Authors: Makrlík Emanuel , Selucký P. , Vanura P. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
From extraction experiments and γ-activity measurements, the extraction constants corresponding to the general equilibrium C+(aq) + I−(aq) ⇔ C+(org) + I−(org) taking place in the two-phase water–phenyltrifluoromethyl sulfone (abbrev. FS 13) system (C+ = organic cation; aq = aqueous phase, org = FS 13 phase) were evaluated. Furthermore, the individual extraction constants of 8 univalent organic cations in the mentioned two-phase system were calculated.
Creating Flexibility in Pediatric Resident Education
Authors: Hobson Wendy L. , Bruse Jaime , Bale James F. 
Published: May 2011

INTRODUCTION:Pediatric residency programs must meet the challenge of producing graduates who are prepared to enter primary care, subspecialty fellowships or another career path. Meeting this challenge requires flexibility, which can be difficult to achieve. A program with 2 half days of continuity clinic that offers an option for residents to use 1 half day for advocacy or research projects may offer such flexibility.OBJECTIVE:To describe 1 residency program's experience with an alternative half- day continuity clinic program.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective review of resident participation, project types, scholarly products, and test scores associated with alternative half day program participation.RESULTS:Second- and third-year resident participation increased from 21% (7/33) in 2005 to 2006 to 41% (17/42) in 2008 to 2009. Forty-six residents undertook projects: 80% were research and 20% advocacy. The number of residents who presented abstracts at national meetings increased to 5 from a baseline of 4 per year. Four residents received advocacy grants. Three residents won national or regional research awards. The average score on the American Board of Pediatrics certifying examination was lower for residents in the alternative half day group, but pass rates remained high. All participants met the requirements for continuity clinic days and patient numbers.CONCLUSIONS:This unique 2 half day continuity clinic program not only enhances the education of residents entering primary care but also allows opportunities for residents anticipating careers in research or advocacy. This approach allows programmatic flexibility without creating a track system.