bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The severity of dental caries in adults aged 35 to 44 years residing in the metropolitan area of a large city in Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Costa Simone M , Vasconcelos Mara , Haddad João Paulo A , Abreu Mauro Henrique NG 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
In recent decades, studies in the field of public health have increasingly focused on social determinants that affect the health-illness process. The epidemiological perspective considers oral health to be a reflection of socioeconomic and environmental aspects, and it is particularly influenced by the social context. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between the severity of dental caries among adults aged 35 to 44 years and characteristics on the different levels at which the determinants of caries operate (individual, social structure and social context).

Methods
A home-based, cross-sectional field study was carried out involving a sample of 1,150 adults (35 to 44 years of age) residing in metropolitan Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The DMFT (decayed, missing, filled tooth) index (≥14) was used to determine the severity of dental caries. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out using the Poisson regression model with the level of significance set at 5% (p < 0.05) and 95% confidence intervals.

Results
The majority of the participants (68.5%) had high caries severity. The rate of high-severity caries in the group between 40 and 44 years of age was 1.15-fold (CI: 1.04-1.26) greater than that among those aged 35 to 39 years. A greater prevalence of high caries severity was found among those who frequently visited the dentist (PR = 1.18; CI: 1.07-1.30), those with a lower income (PR = 1.11; CI: 1.01-1.23), those who reported that their neighborhood did not come together in the previous year to petition political leaders for benefits (PR = 1.16; CI: 1.05-1.28) and those who are unable to make decisions (without empowerment) (PR = 1.12; CI: 1.01-1.24).

Conclusions
The present study revealed high dental caries severity in adults, which was associated with individual characteristics, health-related behavior and social structure and contextual variables. These findings underscore the importance of considering social determinants involved in the health-illness process when carrying out epidemiological studies on dental caries.
Protective effect of cactus cladode extract against cisplatin induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity and apoptosis in balb/c mice: combination with phytochemical composition
Authors: Brahmi Dalel , Ayed Yousra , Hfaiedh Mbarka , Bouaziz Chayma , Mansour Hedi Ben , Zourgui Lazhar , Bacha Hassen 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Cis-Platinum (II) (cis-diammine dichloroplatinum; CDDP) is a potent antitumor compound widely used for the treatment of many malignancies. An important side-effect of CDDP is nephrotoxicity. The cytotoxic action of this drug is often thought to induce oxidative stress and be associated with its ability to bind DNA to form CDDP–DNA adducts and apoptosis in kidney cells. In this study, the protective effect of cactus cladode extract (CCE) against CDDP-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity were investigated in mice. We also looked for levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, chromosome aberrations (CA) test, SOS Chromotest, expressions of p53, bax and bcl2 in kidney and we also analyzed several parameters of renal function markers toxicity such as serum biochemical analysis.

Methods
Adult, healthy balb/c (20–25 g) male mice aged of 4–5 weeks were pre-treated by intraperitonial administration of CCE (50 mg/Kg.b.w) for 2 weeks. Control animals were treated 3 days a week for 4 weeks by intraperitonial administration of 100 μg/Kg.b.w CDDP. Animals which treated by CDDP and CCE were divided into two groups: the first group was administrated CCE 2 hours before each treatment with CDDP 3 days a week for 4 weeks. The second group was administrated without pre-treatment with CCE but this extract was administrated 24 hours after each treatment with CDDP 3 days a week for 4 weeks.

Results
Our results showed that CDDP induced significant alterations in all tested oxidative stress markers. In addition it induced CA in bone morrow cells, increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins p53 and bax and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein bcl2 in kidney. On the other hand, CDDP significantly increased the levels of urea and creatinine and decreased the levels of albumin and total protein.The treatment of CCE before or after treatment with CDDP showed, (i) a total reduction of CDDP induced oxidative damage for all tested markers, (ii) an anti-genotoxic effect resulting in an efficient prevention of chromosomal aberrations compared to the group treated with CDDP alone (iii) restriction of the effect of CDDP by differential modulation of the expression of p53 which is decreased as well as its associated genes such as bax and bcl2, (iiii) restriction of serums levels of creatinine, urea, albumin and total protein resuming its values towards near normal levels of control.

Conclusion
We concluded that CCE is beneficial in CDDP-induced kidney dysfunction in mice via its anti-oxidant anti-genotoxic and anti-apoptotic properties against CDDP.
Synergistic photothermal ablative effects of functionalizing carbon nanotubes with a POSS-PCU nanocomposite polymer
Authors: Tan Aaron , Madani Seyed Yazdan , Rajadas Jayakumar , Pastorin Giorgia , Seifalian Alexander M 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
The application of nanotechnology in biology and medicine represents a significant paradigm shift in the approach to the treatment of cancer. Evidence suggests that when exposed to near-infrared radiation (NIR), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dissipate a substantial amount of heat energy. We have developed a novel nanocomposite polymer, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly (carbonate-urea) urethane (POSS-PCU). POSS-PCU displays excellent biocompatibility and has been used in making artificial organs as well as protective coatings for medical devices.

Results
Functionalizing (or “coating”) CNTs with POSS-PCU confers biocompatibility and increase the amount of heat energy generated, by enhancing dispersion. Here we demonstrate that POSS-PCU-functionalized multi-walled CNTs (MWNTs) act synergistically together when exposed to NIR to thermally ablate cancer cells.

Conclusion
Given that POSS-PCU has already been used in human in first-in-man studies as trachea, lacrimal duct, bypass graft and other organs, our long-term goal is to take POSS-PCU coated CNTs to clinical studies to address the treatment of cancer by optimizing its therapeutic index and increasing its specificity via antibody conjugation.
Variationally stable dynamic systems on time scales
Authors: Choi Sung Kyu , Cui Yinhua , Koo Namjip 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this paper we give a Lyapunov functional characterization ofh-stability for nonlinear dynamic systems on time scales under the condition ofu∞-similarity between their variational systems. Furthermore, we give some examples related to the notions ofu∞-similarity andh-stability.MSC:34N05, 39A30, 34D23, 34K20, 26E70.
Clinical Human Papillomavirus Detection Forecasts Cervical Cancer Risk in Women Over 18 Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Castle Philip E. , Glass Andrew G. , Rush Brenda B. , Scott David R. , Wentzensen Nicolas , Gage Julia C. , Buckland Julie , Rydzak Greg , Lorincz Attila T. , Wacholder Sholom 
Published: July 2012

Purpose To describe the long-term (≥ 10 years) benefits of clinical human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing for cervical precancer and cancer risk prediction. Methods Cervicovaginal lavages collected from 19,512 women attending a health maintenance program were retrospectively tested for HPV using a clinical test. HPV positives were tested for HPV16 and HPV18 individually using a research test. A Papanicolaou (Pap) result classified as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or more severe was considered abnormal. Women underwent follow-up prospectively with routine annual Pap testing up to 18 years. Cumulative incidence rates (CIRs) of ≥ grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3+) or cancer for enrollment test results were calculated. Results A baseline negative HPV test provided greater reassurance against CIN3+ over the 18-year follow-up than a normal Pap (CIR, 0.90% v 1.27%). Although both baseline Pap and HPV tests predicted who would develop CIN3+ within the first 2 years of follow-up, only HPV testing predicted who would develop CIN3+ 10 to 18 years later (P = .004). HPV16- and HPV18-positive women with normal Pap were at elevated risk of CIN3+ compared with other HPV-positive women with normal Pap and were at similar risk of CIN3+ compared with women with a low-grade squamous intraepithelial Pap. Conclusion HPV testing to rule out cervical disease followed by Pap testing and possibly combined with the detection of HPV16 and HPV18 among HPV positives to identify those at immediate risk of CIN3+ would be an efficient algorithm for cervical cancer screening, especially in women age 30 years or older.
Up-Front Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma: NLG-T-01
Authors: d'Amore Francesco , Relander Thomas , Lauritzsen Grete F. , Jantunen Esa , Hagberg Hans , Anderson Harald , Holte Harald , Österborg Anders , Merup Mats , Brown Peter , Kuittinen Outi , Erlanson Martin , Østenstad Bjørn , Fagerli Unn-Merete , Gadeberg Ole V. , Sundström Christer , Delabie Jan , Ralfkiaer Elisabeth , Vornanen Martine , Toldbod Helle E. 
Published: July 2012

Purpose Systemic peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) respond poorly to conventional therapy. To evaluate the efficacy of a dose-dense approach consolidated by up-front high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) and autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) in PTCL, the Nordic Lymphoma Group (NLG) conducted a large prospective phase II study in untreated systemic PTCL. This is the final report, with a 5-year median follow-up, of the NLG-T-01 study. Patients and Methods Treatment-naive patients with PTCL age 18 to 67 years (median, 57 years) were included. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) –positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) was excluded. An induction regimen of six cycles of biweekly CHOEP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, and prednisone) was administered (in patients age > 60 years, etoposide was omitted). If in complete or partial remission, patients proceeded to consolidation with HDT/ASCT. Results Of 166 enrolled patients, 160 had histopathologically confirmed PTCL. The majority presented with advanced-stage disease, B symptoms, and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase. A total of 115 underwent HDT/ASCT, with 90 in complete remission at 3 months post-transplantation. Early failures occurred in 26%. Treatment-related mortality was 4%. At 60.5 months of median follow-up, 83 patients were alive. Consolidated 5-year overall and progression-free survival (PFS) were 51% (95% CI, 43% to 59%) and 44% (95% CI, 36% to 52%), respectively. Best results were obtained in ALK-negative ALCL. Conclusion Dose-dense induction followed by HDT/ASCT was well tolerated and led to long-term PFS in 44% of treatment-naive patients with PTCL. This represents an encouraging outcome, particularly considering the high median age and adverse risk profile of the study population. Therefore, dose-dense induction and HDT/ASCT are a rational up-front strategy in transplantation-eligible patients with PTCL.
Addition of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin to Induction Chemotherapy Improves Survival in Older Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Burnett Alan K. , Russell Nigel H. , Hills Robert K. , Kell Jonathan , Freeman Sylvie , Kjeldsen Lars , Hunter Ann E. , Yin John , Craddock Charles F. , Dufva Inge Hoegh , Wheatley Keith , Milligan Donald 
Published: July 2012

Purpose There has been little survival improvement in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the last two decades. Improving induction treatment may improve the rate and quality of remission and consequently survival. In our previous trial, in younger patients, we showed improved survival for the majority of patients when adding gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) to induction chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Untreated patients with AML or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (median age, 67 years; range, 51 to 84 years) were randomly assigned to receive induction chemotherapy with either daunorubicin/ara-C or daunorubicin/clofarabine, with (n = 559) or without (n = 556) GO 3 mg/m2 on day 1 of course one of therapy. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Results The overall response rate was 69% (complete remission [CR], 60%; CR with incomplete recovery [CRi], 9%), with no difference between GO (70%) and no GO (68%) arms. There was no difference in 30- or 60-day mortality and no major increase in toxicity with GO. With median follow-up of 30 months (range, 5.5 to 54.6 months), 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse was significantly lower with GO (68% v 76%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.93; P = .007), and 3-year survival was significantly better (25% v 20%; HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.00; P = .05). The benefit was apparent across subgroups. There was no interaction with other treatment interventions. A meta-analysis of 2,228 patients in two United Kingdom National Cancer Research Institute trials showed significant improvements in relapse (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.93; P = .002) and OS (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.98; P = .02). Conclusion Adding GO (3 mg/m2) to induction chemotherapy reduces relapse risk and improves survival with little increase in toxicity.
“Why Hasn’t This Teacher Been Shot?” Moral-Sexual Panic, the Repressive Right, and Brazil’s National Security State
Authors: Cowan Benjamin 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This article takes up the story of right-wing mobilization before and during Brazil’s military government of 1964–1985. Understanding the regime’s violent countersubversion requires analysis of the ideology that framed it. This ideology flourished among a long-neglected group of far-right intellectuals and organizations that had considerable influence in successive military administrations and worked to define subversion—the military state’s ever-invoked enemy—in terms chiefly moral and sexual. Scholars have noted that defense of “Western Christian civilization” peppered the vague rhetoric of Cold War autocrats throughout Latin America. Yet inattention to the Right per se and to those considered extremists has impeded our understanding of the specific values bound up in such visions of the West and hence of the centrality of morality and culture in countersubversive thought. This article argues that rightists, some of them radical, echoed past conservatisms by linking morality, sexuality, and subversion in ways that gained increasing influence in the 1960s and 1970s.
Solubilities of La and Ni on LaNiO3 in Li/K Carbonate Eutectic with La2O3
Authors: Matsuzawa Koichi , Zhai Shang , Ota Ken-ichiro , Mitsushima Shigenori 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The solubilities of La and Ni on LaNiO3 in Li/K carbonate eutectic with La2O3 have been investigated. The solubilities of La and Ni were 1.9 × 10−2 (mole fraction) and 1.2 × 10−5 (mole fraction) under CO2/O2 of 0.7/0.3 at 923 K. The extraction of Ni from LaNiO3 in molten carbonate saturated with La2O3 was almost 57% lower than that from NiO in a molten carbonate without La2O3.
Detection of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 by Field Effect Transistor with a Fibronectin-immobilized Gate
Authors: Yamamoto Daisuke , Hideshima Sho , Kuroiwa Shigeki , Nakanishi Takuya , Osaka Tetsuya 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is known to be involved in chronic inflammation, tumor invasion, and carcinogenesis. To detect MMP-2, we examined the use of field effect transistors (FETs). After the addition of MMP-2 to a fibronectin (FN)-immobilized gate, negative value of FET response was observed, which indicates MMP-2 decreased the amount of negative charges arising from FN molecules. This FET device successfully detected MMP-2 by utilizing degradation of FN on the gate.
Thiolato-bridged AuI2CuI2 and CuI4 Metallorings Derived from Benzothiazoline: Can Gold(I) Plus Copper(I) Make Silver(I)?
Authors: Takino Yusuke , Yoshinari Nobuto , Kawamoto Tatsuya , Konno Takumi 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
A thiolato-bridged AuI2CuI2 metalloring compound, [Au2Cu2(L)4] (L = (C6H4NMe2)CH=N(C6H4)S−), together with an analogous CuI4 compound, [Cu4(L)4], was newly prepared from 2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)benzothiazoline. The AuI2CuI2 compound was found to show structural and spectroscopic features comparable well with those of [Ag4(L)4], rather than those of [Au4(L)4] and [Cu4(L)4].
Evaluation of image reconstruction methods for 123I-MIBG-SPECT: a rank-order study
Authors: Söderberg Marcus , Mattsson Sören , Oddstig Jenny , Uusijärvi-Lizana Helena , Valind Sven , Thorsson Ola , Garpered Sabine , Prautzsch Tilmann , Tischenko Oleg , Leide-Svegborn Sigrid 
Published: July 2012

Background There is an opportunity to improve the image quality and lesion detectability in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) by choosing an appropriate reconstruction method and optimal parameters for the reconstruction. Purpose To optimize the use of the Flash 3D reconstruction algorithm in terms of equivalent iteration (EI) number (number of subsets times the number of iterations) and to compare with two recently developed reconstruction algorithms ReSPECT and orthogonal polynomial expansion on disc (OPED) for application on 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG)-SPECT. Material and Methods Eleven adult patients underwent SPECT 4 h and 14 patients 24 h after injection of approximately 200 MBq 123I-MIBG using a Siemens Symbia T6 SPECT/CT. Images were reconstructed from raw data using the Flash 3D algorithm at eight different EI numbers. The images were ranked by three experienced nuclear medicine physicians according to their overall impression of the image quality. The obtained optimal images were then compared in one further visual comparison with images reconstructed using the ReSPECT and OPED algorithms. Results The optimal EI number for Flash 3D was determined to be 32 for acquisition 4 h and 24 h after injection. The average rank order (best first) for the different reconstructions for acquisition after 4 h was: Flash 3D32 > ReSPECT > Flash 3D64 > OPED, and after 24 h: Flash 3D16 > ReSPECT > Flash 3D32 > OPED. A fair level of inter-observer agreement concerning optimal EI number and reconstruction algorithm was obtained, which may be explained by the different individual preferences of what is appropriate image quality. Conclusion Using Siemens Symbia T6 SPECT/CT and specified acquisition parameters, Flash 3D32 (4 h) and Flash 3D16 (24 h), followed by ReSPECT, were assessed to be the preferable reconstruction algorithms in visual assessment of 123I-MIBG images.
Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI with respect to the severity of liver cirrhosis
Authors: Kim Ah Yeong , Kim Young Kon , Lee Min Woo , Park Min Jung , Hwang Jiyoung , Lee Mi Hee , Lee Jae Won 
Published: July 2012

Background As gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have been widely used for the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is clinically relevant to determine the diagnostic efficacy of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and DWI for detection of HCCs with respect to the severity of liver cirrhosis. Purpose To compare the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and DWI for detection of HCCs with respect to the severity of liver cirrhosis. Material and Methods A total of 189 patients with 240 HCCs (≤3.0 cm) (Child-Pugh A, 81 patients with 90 HCCs; Child-Pugh B, 65 patients with 85 HCCs; Child-Pugh C, 43 patients with 65 HCCs) underwent DWI and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI at 3.0 T. A gadoxetic acid set (dynamic and hepatobiliary phase plus T2-weighted image) and DWI set (DWI plus unenhanced MRIs) for each Child-Pugh class were analyzed independently by two observers for detecting HCCs using receiver-operating characteristic analysis. The diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity were calculated. Results There was a trend toward decreased diagnostic accuracy for gadoxetic acid and DWI set with respect to the severity of cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A [mean 0.974, 0.961], B [mean 0.904, 0.863], C [mean 0.779, 0.760]). For both observers, the sensitivities of both image sets were highest in Child-Pugh class A (mean 95.6%, 93.9%), followed by class B (mean 83.0%, 77.1%), and class C (mean 60.6%, 60.0%) ( P < 0.05). Conclusion In HCC detection, the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity for gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and DWI were highest in Child-Pugh class A, followed by Child-Pugh class B, and Child-Pugh class C, indicating a tendency toward decreased diagnostic capability with the severity of cirrhosis.
Can UK healthcare workers remotely support medical education in the developing world?: Focus group evaluation
Authors: Bowen Jst , Southgate Rj , Ali Am , Little Sj , Liakos A , Greaves F , Strachan Jm , Baraco Afh , Adem G , Abdillahi M , Handuleh J , Reed K , Walker F , Zeron J , Strachan M , Bowen S , Hellyer T , Hersheson J , Whitwell S , Fyfe M , Phillips Jc , Trim C , Johnson O , Leather Ajm , Al-Hadithy N , Finlayson Aet 
Published: July 2012

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of providing regular, live, text-based teaching to medical students and junior doctors in Somaliland using a dedicated case-based medical education website ( www.MedicineAfrica.com ). Design Review of MedicineAfrica database for details of teaching sessions held in Somaliland from December 2008-October 2010 and evaluation of user experiences through focus groups. Setting King's College Hospital, London, UK and Ahmoud University, Borama, Somaliland. Participants Final year medical students, newly graduated interns and second year interns at Ahmoud University, Borama, Somaliland. Main outcome measures Qualitative and quantitative user rating of online case-based tutorials in the context of pre-existing educational opportunities available to them. Results Regular online teaching sessions are received enthusiastically by students and junior doctors and are reported to improve their clinical practice. Conclusions Despite technological limitations in Somaliland, a live text-based teaching service can be delivered effectively and streamlined with local curricula. This represents an alternative to traditional static teaching methodologies currently used in international medical education.
Diversity and Performance
Authors: Li Feng , Nagar Venky 
Published: July 2012

This study measures the performance of U.S. firms initiating same-sex domestic partnership benefit (SSDPB) policies. The results show that holding these firms upon their SSDPB initiation in a calendar portfolio earns a four-factor annualized excess return (alpha) of approximately 10% over the 1995–2008 sample period, beating 95% of all professional mutual funds in the United States. This finding is robust to several tests of reverse causality. SSDPB adopters also show significant improvement in operating performance relative to nonadopters.This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, finance.
On Adverbial Ante-Position and Operator Scope in Coptic
Authors: Uljas Sami 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
It is argued that in Coptic ante-position of adverbial expressions may be motivated by a desire to delimit and indicate the precise scope of negative, modal, conditional and information-structuring operators. Two principal strategies are distinguished. The ante-position may serve to exclude an adverbial expression from falling within the scope of e.g. a negation. Conversely, a similar positioning of an adverbial may have the function of including it within the scope of an (initial) operator.