bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of orthodontic treatment performed by orthodontists and general dentists
Authors: Marques Leandro Silva , de Freitas Junior Nacler , Pereira Luciano José , Ramos-Jorge Maria Letícia 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective:To perform a blind comparative evaluation of the quality of orthodontic treatment provided by orthodontists and general dentists.Materials and Methods:Sixty cases of orthodontic treatment were evaluated—30 treated by specialists in orthodontics and 30 treated by general dentists with no specialization course. Orthodontists were selected randomly by lots, in a population of 1596 professionals, and recordings were performed based on the guideline established by the Objective Grading System proposed by the American Board of Orthodontics. Each participant was asked to present a case considered representative of the best outcome among the cases treated, regardless of the type or initial severity of the malocclusion. Statistical analysis involved the chi-square, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney tests. The level of significance was set at P  =  .05 for the statistical tests.Results:The results showed that 29 orthodontists (96.7%) presented cases considered satisfactory and would be approved on the qualification exam, whereas only 15 dentists (50%) had cases considered satisfactory. Moreover, treatment time was significantly shorter among the orthodontists (P  =  .022), and the posttreatment comparison revealed that orthodontists achieved better outcomes considering all the variables studied.Conclusions:Orthodontists spend less time on treatment and achieve better quality outcomes than cases treated by general dentists who have not undergone a specialization course in orthodontics.
Development of a flow cytometric assay for detection of coated platelets in dogs and evaluation of binding of coated platelets to recombinant human coagulation factor VIIa
Authors: Knudsen Tom , Kjalke Marianne , Tranholm Mikael , Nichols Timothy C. , Jensen Asger L. , Kristensen Annemarie T. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Objective—To develop an antibody-based flow cytometric assay to detect coated platelets in dogs and to characterize the interaction of recombinant human coagulation factor VIIa with activated platelets from dogs with hemophilia A.
Sample—Platelets from 4 dogs with hemophilia A, 4 dogs with hemophilia B, 4 dogs with von Willebrand disease, and 6 hemostatically normal dogs.
Procedures—Freshly isolated platelets were activated with thrombin, convulxin, or a thrombin-convulxin combination. Resulting platelet phenotypes were resolved on the basis of P-selectin and fibrinogen expression, and binding of recombinant human coagulation factor VIIa to these distinct platelet subpopulations was measured by use of a flow cytometric assay.
Results—Coated platelets were identified on the basis of expression of α-granule fibrinogen and were generated in response to stimulation with the thrombin-convulxin combination but not to stimulation with either agonist alone. Approximately 70% of the platelets from dogs with hemophilia A, hemophilia B, and von Willebrand disease and from the control dogs had the coated platelet phenotype. Recombinant human coagulation factor VIIa bound preferentially to coated platelets with a mean ± SD binding equilibrium constant of 2.6 ± 0.5μM.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Formation of coated platelets in dogs was similar to that in humans. Recombinant human coagulation factor VIIa bound preferentially to coated platelets from dogs.
Impact for Human Medicine—A similar mechanism of action for recombinant human coagulation factor VIIa may exist in dogs and humans. The potential for use of dogs in the study of bleeding disorders in humans was strengthened.
Comparison of flow-mediated vasodilation in femoral and brachial arteries in healthy dogs
Authors: Jones Ian D. , Luis Fuentes Virginia , Wrigglesworth David , Mort Emily , Elliott Jonathan 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) measurements in brachial and femoral arteries of healthy dogs habituated to the assessment method, evaluate repeatability of these measurements, and investigate effects of blood pressure cuff inflation time on femoral artery FMD measurements.
Animals—11 healthy adult Miniature Schnauzers.
Procedures—Arterial luminal diameter and blood flow velocity integral (FVI) were measured before and after cuff inflation of 5 minutes' (brachial and femoral arteries) or 3 minutes' duration (femoral artery) in separate experiments. A blood pressure cuff was inflated to > 200 mm Hg distal to each imaging site to increase local blood flow to induce reactive hyperemia. Changes in FVI after cuff deflation, FMD, and between-dog and within-dog coefficients of variation (CVs) were determined.
Results—After cuff inflation of 5 minutes' duration, greater changes were detected in median change in FVI and FMD of brachial arteries (174.0% and 8.0%, respectively), compared with values determined for femoral arteries (32.0% and 2.1%, respectively). Between-dog CV for brachial artery FMD was 34.0%, compared with 89.6% for femoral arteries, and within-dog CV was 32.5% for brachial arteries versus 51.6% for femoral arteries after cuff inflation of 5 minutes' duration.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In healthy Miniature Schnauzers, FMD was greater and more repeatable in brachial arteries than in femoral arteries. Reactive hyperemia was inconsistently induced in femoral arteries following 3- or 5-minute cuff inflation times. Brachial, but not femoral, artery FMD measurement is a potentially useful research technique for measurement of endothelial function in dogs.
Evaluation of effects of low-dose aspirin administration on urinary thromboxane metabolites in healthy dogs
Authors: Hoh Crystal M. , Smith Stephanie A. , McMichael Maureen A. , Byron Julie K. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate markers of in vivo platelet function (urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 [11-dehydroTXB2] and 2,3-dinorTXB2) and assess their response to administration of 2 commonly used dosages of aspirin in healthy dogs.
Animals—20 healthy dogs.
Procedures—Urine was collected prior to aspirin administration and on the morning following the last evening administration. Twenty dogs received aspirin (1 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) for 7 consecutive doses. After a washout period of 5 months, 10 dogs received a single dose of aspirin (10 mg/kg, PO). Concentrations of urinary thromboxane metabolites 11-dehydroTXB2 and 2,3-dinorTXB2 were measured via ELISA, and values were normalized to urine creatinine concentration.
Results—Median baseline 11-dehydroTXB2 concentrations were 0.38 ng/mg of creatinine (range, 0.15 to 1.13 ng/mg). Mean ± SD baseline 2 at a 3-dinorTXB2 concentrations were 6.75 ± 2.77 ng/mg of creatinine. Administration of aspirin at a dosage of 1 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours for 7 days did not significantly decrease urinary 11-dehydroTXB2 concentration, but administration of the single aspirin dose of 10 mg/kg did significantly decrease 11-dehydroTXB2 concentration by a median of 45.5% (range, 28.2% to 671%). Administration of the 1 mg/kg aspirin dosage significantly decreased urinary 2,3-dinorTXB2 concentration by a mean ± SD of 33.0 ± 23.7%. Administration of the single aspirin dose of 10 mg/kg also significantly decreased 2,3-dinorTXB2 concentration by a mean ± SD of 46.7 ± 12.6%.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Aspirin administration (1 mg/kg/d) may be insufficient for reliable platelet inhibition in healthy dogs.
Expression and subcellular localization of apical junction proteins in canine duodenal and colonic mucosa
Authors: Ohta Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Tomoki , Rajapakshage B. K. Wickramasekara , Murakami Masahiro , Sasaki Noboru , Nakamura Kensuke , Hwang Shiang-Jyi , Yamasaki Masahiro , Takiguchi Mitsuyoshi 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Objective—To examine the expression and distribution of tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) proteins in canine duodenal and colonic mucosa.
Sample—Mucosa obtained from 4 healthy Beagles.
Procedures—Biopsy specimens of the duodenum and colon were obtained via endoscopy from 4 healthy dogs. The expression patterns and subcelluar localization of claudin-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -7, and -8; E-cadherin; and β-catenin in the duodenum and colon were analyzed by use of immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy.
Results—In the duodenum, there was clear expression of claudin-3 and -5, E-cadherin, and β-catenin proteins and weak expression of claudin-7 protein. In contrast, there was clear expression of claudin-2 and -3, E-cadherin, and β-catenin proteins and weak expression of claudin-5 and -7 proteins in the colon, as determined by use of immunoblotting. As determined by the use of immunofluorescence microscopy, the duodenum and colon had staining for claudin-3 and -5, E-cadherin, and β-catenin in the most apical region and staining for claudin-7 in the basolateral region. Staining for claudin-2 was also observed in the colon.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Information was provided about the expression patterns of TJ and AJ proteins in the duodenum and colon of clinically normal dogs. These results may provide valuable information for use in evaluating the importance of these TJ and AJ proteins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease in dogs.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase in melanocytic tumors of dogs and canine melanoma cell lines
Authors: Docampo María-José , Cabrera Jennifer , Rabanal Rosa M. , Bassols Anna 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 and membrane-type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP) in melanocytomas and malignant melanomas of dogs, analyze in vitro production of MMPs by canine melanoma cell lines and primary dermal fibroblasts, and investigate mutual communication between tumor cells and fibroblasts and the influence of collagen on MMP regulation.
Sample—35 biopsy specimens from melanocytic tumors and primary dermal fibroblasts of dogs and 3 canine melanoma cell lines (CML-1, CML-10c2, and CML-6M).
Procedures—MMP-2, MMP-9, and MT1-MMP were detected in tumor samples by use of immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro production was analyzed via reverse transcriptase-PCR assay, immunocytochemical analysis, zymography, and immunoblotting.
Results—MMP-9 was overexpressed in malignant melanomas, compared with expression in melanocytomas, whereas no significant differences in MMP-2 and MT1-MMP immunostaining were detected. Stromal cells also often had positive staining results. In vitro, all 3 melanoma cell lines and dermal fibroblasts had evidence of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP, but only melanoma cells had evidence of MMP-9. Coculture of CML-1 or CML-10c2 cells and dermal fibroblasts induced an increase in expression of the active form of MMP-2. Culture of melanoma cells on type I collagen increased the activation state of MT1-MMP.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—MMP-9 expression was increased in malignant melanomas of dogs. Stromal cells were a source for MMPs. Stromal cells, in combination with matrix components such as type I collagen, can interact with tumor cells to regulate MMP production. Information about MMP production and regulation could help in the development of new treatments.
Cutaneous yeast microflora in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Zinkeviciene Aukse , Vaiciulioniene Nemira , Baranauskiene Irena , Kvedariene Violeta , Emuzyte Regina , Citavicius Donaldas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe skin of persons with atopic dermatitis (AD) is very susceptible to cutaneous infection, and some yeast species may also aggravate AD. The total yeast population of an AD patient’s skin and its relation with individual age and body part remains poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to clarify the differences in cutaneous yeast flora by age and body parts of AD patients.By swabbing affected body parts (hands, legs, face, neck or trunk), 241 samples were collected from patients with AD (132 children and 109 adults), and as controls, 40 samples were taken from healthy individuals (20 children, 20 adults).In all, 89 (36.9%) of samples were positive; the yeast isolated belonged to three genera: Candida (27.4%), Malassezia (6.6%), and Rhodotorula (2.9%). Cutaneous colonization with yeasts was two-fold higher in the adults than in children (P<0.0001). The distribution of the yeast species was dependent on the body part sampled: Malassezia predominated in the face, neck, and trunk regions (P=0.0047); Candida more frequently colonized hands and legs (P=0.0029).Our study showed that cutaneous yeast flora and distribution of yeast species depends significantly on the age of the AD patient and the body part affected by atopic dermatitis.
Effects of skeletal muscle denervation on potency of rocuronium
Authors: Hong Wang , Liang Qi-Sheng , Cheng Lan-Ren , Li Xiao-Hong , Wei Fu , Dai Wen-Tao , Li Shi-Tong 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Background: Rocuronium is an alternative to succinylcholine for rapid tracheal intubation after major thermal injury and other forms of critical illness that cause denervation changes in skeletal muscle. Rocuronium may decrease the potencies of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants.
Objectives: Examine whether potency of rocuronium changed during the first month after denervation, and investigate the effects of skeletal muscle denervation on potency of rocuronium.
Methods: The denervation mouse model was developed to create denervated individual cells from the flexor digitorum brevis of the hindfoot. The skeletal muscle cells were examined at day 0 in the innervated control and days 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 in the denervation group. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the cells were activated with 30 M acetylcholine, alone or in combination with various concentrations of rocuronium. Currents were recorded with a whole-cell patch-clamp technique.
Results: Rocuronium reversibly inhibited acetylcholine-activated currents in a dose-dependent fashion at different times after denervation. The inhibition concentration for the half-maximal responses of rocuronium increased 1.2- (p >0.05), 1.8-, 2.8-, 2.3-, 2.1-, and 1.9-fold (p <0.01) at day 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after denervation, respectively, compared to that at day 0 after denervation.
Conclusion: Rocuronium dose required to achieve satisfactory clinical effects changed at different durations after skeletal muscle denervation.
Brief communication (Original). Sleep-disordered breathing and risk factors in Thailand
Authors: Kongsomboon Kittipong , Neruntarat Chairat 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Background: Sleep-disordered breathing or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has an important effect on the quality of life. Very few data of OSA are available for Thai persons.
Objective: Investigate the prevalence of high risk to OSA and the relationship between OSA and risk factors in Thai medical students.
Materials and methods: Three hundred seven subjects were recruited from all of the medical students (fourth year to sixth year) the Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand for this cross-sectional study. Data was collected between June and September 2010. The Berlin questionnaire was used to determine risk for OSA. Logistic regression analysis was performed with p-value less than 0.05 for statistical significance.
Results: The prevalence of high risk to OSA was 6.8%. Total mean of sleep duration, bedtime, and wake-time was 6.59 hours. Bedtime of male students was significantly later than female students. The medical students with body mass index (BMI) >23 kilogram/meter2 and with underlying diseases were at high-risk for OSA.
Conclusion: Prevalence of high-risk to OSA of Thai medical students was 6.8%. The medical students with BMI >23 kilogram/meter2 and with underlying diseases were at high risk for OSA but gender, age, academic year, and academic achievement did not relate to OSA.
Wavelength‐Emission Tuning of ZnO Nanowire‐Based Light‐Emitting Diodes by Cu Doping: Experimental and Computational Insights
Authors: Lupan Oleg , Pauporté Thierry , Le Bahers Tangui , Viana Bruno , Ciofini Ilaria 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe band‐gap engineering of doped ZnO nanowires is of the utmost importance for tunable light‐emitting‐diode (LED) applications. A combined experimental and density‐functional theory (DFT) study of ZnO doping by copper (Zn2+ substitution by Cu2+) is presented. ZnO:Cu nanowires are epitaxially grown on magnesium‐doped p‐GaN by electrochemical deposition. The heterojunction is integrated into a LED structure. Efficient charge injection and radiative recombination in the Cu‐doped ZnO nanowires are demonstrated. In the devices, the nanowires act as the light emitters. At room temperature, Cu‐doped ZnO LEDs exhibit low‐threshold emission voltage and electroluminescence emission shifted from the ultraviolet to violet–blue spectral region compared to pure ZnO LEDs. The emission wavelength can be tuned by changing the copper content in the ZnO nanoemitters. The shift is explained by DFT calculations with the appearance of copper d states in the ZnO band‐gap and subsequent gap reduction upon doping. The presented data demonstrate the possibility to tune the band‐gap of ZnO nanowire emitters by copper doping for nano‐LEDs.
Stable Extracellular Matrix Protein Patterns Guide the Orientation of Osteoblast‐like Cells
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Tao , Nie Juequan , Mühlstädt Mike , Gallagher Hilary , Pullig Oliver , Jandt Klaus D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe development of a simple method for creating extracellular‐matrix‐protein patterns by microcontact printing to guide cell organization and alignment is reported. Substrates of glass and titanium are modified by a hydrophilic chitosan layer and then protein patterns with varying shapes and sizes are printed onto the surfaces. Confocal laser scanning microscopy shows that proteins (collagen type I, fibronectin, and gelatin) are accurately and effectively transferred from the stamp templates. These patterns are stable. Osteoblast‐like cells cultured on these micropatterned materials preferentially adhere and grow on the protein‐functionalized areas. The cell morphology and distribution direction are dependent on the widths and spaces of the protein patterns. It is possible to control the cell alignment by carefully designing the pattern shapes and sizes. This study suggests that the stable protein patterns can be used to modify biomaterials' surfaces and spatially control the organization of bone cells. Due to the high stability, easy preparation procedure and the precise control of the cell alignment, the current work may provide opportunities for the surface modification of implantable materials, such as titanium for bone repair, where specific bone‐cell alignment is needed.
Colorimetric Biosensing Using Smart Materials
Authors: Song Yujun , Wei Weili , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn recent years, colorimetric biosensing has attracted much attention because of its low cost, simplicity, and practicality. Since color changes can be read out by the naked eye, colorimetric biosensing does not require expensive or sophisticated instrumentation and may be applied to field analysis and point‐of‐care diagnosis. For transformation of the detection events into color changes, a number of smart materials have been developed, including gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, cerium oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and conjugated polymers. Here, we focus on recent developments in colorimetric biosensing using these smart materials. Along with introducing the mechanisms of color changes based on different smart materials, we concentrate on the design of biosensing assays and their potential applications in biomedical diagnosis and environmental monitoring.
Quantitative analysis of in vivo mucosal bacterial biofilms
Authors: Singhal Deepti , Boase Sam , Field John , Jardeleza Camille , Foreman Andrew , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:Quantitative assays of mucosal biofilms on ex vivo samples are challenging using the currently applied specialized microscopic techniques to identify them. The COMSTAT2 computer program has been applied to in vitro biofilm models for quantifying biofilm structures seen on confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The aim of this study was to quantify Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms seen via CSLM on ex situ samples of sinonasal mucosa, using the COMSTAT2 program.Methods:S. aureus biofilms were grown in frontal sinuses of 4 merino sheep as per a previously standardized sheep sinusitis model for biofilms. Two sinonasal mucosal samples, 10 mm × 10 mm in size, from each of the 2 sinuses of the 4 sheep were analyzed for biofilm presence with Baclight stain and CSLM. Two random image stacks of mucosa with S. aureus biofilm were recorded from each sample, and analyzed using COMSTAT2 software that translates image stacks into a simplified 3‐dimensional matrix of biofilm mass by eliminating surrounding host tissue. Three independent observers analyzed images using COMSTAT2 and 3 repeated rounds of analyses were done to calculate biofilm biomass.Results:The COMSTAT2 application uses an observer‐dependent threshold setting to translate CSLM biofilm images into a simplified 3‐dimensional output for quantitative analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between thresholds set by the 3 observers for each image stacks was 0.59 (p = 0.0003). Threshold values set at different points of time by a single observer also showed significant correlation as seen by ICC of 0.80 (p < 0.001).Conclusion:COMSTAT2 can be applied to quantify and study the complex 3‐dimensional biofilm structures that are recorded via CSLM on mucosal tissue like the sinonasal mucosa. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
The effects of nitric oxide on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm growth and its implications in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Jardeleza Camille , Foreman Andrew , Baker Leonie , Paramasivan Sathish , Field John , Tan Lor Wai , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:The relationship between sinonasal nitric oxide (NO) levels and the pathogenic organism Staphylococcus aureus is yet to be established. High NO levels measured in healthy sinuses likely contribute to maintenance of relative sterility. Lower concentrations such as is found in the sinuses of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients may decrease this effect. S. aureus in biofilm form has recently been implicated in recalcitrant CRS, its isolation predicting a higher risk of posttreatment reinfection. This in vitro study aims to characterize the changes in S. aureus biofilm formation when exposed to different NO levels mimicking the normal and diseased NO sinus concentrations reported in previous literature in an in vitro setting.Methods:S. aureus ATCC 25923 and 7 clinical isolates were cultured in biofilm form using the MBEC device and the established biofilms exposed to 1 to 1000 μM NO concentrations. Biofilms were visualized using Live/Dead Baclight stain and confocal scanning laser microscopy, and quantified using Comstat2, a biofilm quantification software.Results:Biofilm biomass decreases from an average of 0.105 to 0.057 μm3/μm2 at higher NO concentrations (125–1000 μM), but is increased to 0.470 μm3/μm2 at lower NO concentrations (0.9‐2.0 μM). The average biomass at high vs low concentrations are statistically significant (p < 0.001).Conclusion:S. aureus biofilm formation varies across exposure to different NO levels, with antibiofilm effects at higher concentrations, and enhanced biofilm formation at lower or subphysiologic concentrations. These results coincide with the often dualistic function of NO, and have implications in its future use in the treatment of CRS. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.