bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vortex Stability in a Large-Scale Internal Wave Shear
Authors: Brunner-Suzuki Anne-Marie E. G. , Sundermeyer Miles A. , Lelong M.-Pascale 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The effect of a large-scale internal wave on a multipolar compound vortex was simulated numerically using a 3D Boussinesq pseudospectral model. A suite of simulations tested the effect of a background internal wave of various strengths, including a simulation with only a vortex. Without the background wave, the vortex remained apparently stable for many hundreds of inertial periods but then split into two dipoles. With increasing background wave amplitude, and hence shear, dipole splitting occurred earlier and was less symmetric in space. Theoretical considerations suggest that the vortex alone undergoes a self-induced mixed barotropic–baroclinic instability. For a vortex plus background wave, kinetic energy spectra showed that the internal wave supplied energy for the dipole splitting. In this case, it was found that the presence of the wave hastened the time to instability by increasing the initial perturbation to the vortex. Results suggest that the stability and fate of submesoscale vortices in the ocean may be significantly modified by the presence of large-scale internal waves. This could in turn have a significant effect on the exchange of energy between the submesoscale and both larger and smaller scales.
Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior Lesions of the Shoulder
Authors: Weber Stephen C. , Martin David F. , Seiler John G. , Harrast John J. 
Published: May 2012

Background: Tears of the superior labrum (superior labrum anterior and posterior [SLAP] lesions) of the shoulder are uncommon injuries; however, the incidence of surgical correction seems to be increasing. Purpose: To report the findings of a review of a proprietary descriptive database that catalogs cases for the purpose of board certification on the demographics of SLAP lesion repair. It is the authors’ impression that the percentage of cases of SLAP lesion repairs reported by young orthopaedic surgeons is high and that complications associated with this are not insignificant. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We searched the American Board of Orthopedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II database to evaluate changes in treatment over time and to identify available outcomes and associated complications of arthroscopic repair of SLAP lesions. The database was searched for all SLAP lesions (ICD-9 code 840.7) and SLAP repairs (CPT code 29807) for the years 2003 through 2008. Utilization was analyzed by geographic region and was also obtained based on applicant subspecialty declaration. Results: There were 4975 SLAP repairs, representing 9.4% of all applicants’ shoulder cases. Mean follow-up was 8.9 weeks because of the time-limited case collection period. There were 78.4% who were men, and 21.6% of patients were women. The percentage of shoulder cases that were SLAP repairs increased over the study period from 9.4% to 10.1% by 2008 ( P = .0163). Mean age of male patients was 36.4 ± 13.0 years, with a maximum of 85 years. Mean age of female patients was 40.9 ± 14.0 years, with a maximum of 88 years. Pain was reported as absent in only 26.3% of patients at follow-up and function as normal in only 13.1%. There were 40.1% of applicants who self-reported their patients to have an excellent result. The self-reported complication rate was 4.4%. Declared sports medicine specialists had a higher percentage of SLAP repairs than did general orthopaedic surgeons: 12.4% versus 9.2%. Conclusion: The percentage of shoulder cases that are SLAP repairs reported by the candidates is 3 times the published incidence supported by the current literature. The large number of repairs in middle-aged and elderly patients is concerning. Focusing on educating young orthopaedic surgeons to appropriately recognize and treat symptomatic SLAP lesions may bring the rate of SLAP repairs down.
Maternal Request for In-hospital Supplementation of Healthy Breastfed Infants among Low-income Women
Authors: DaMota Katie , Bañuelos Jennifer , Goldbronn Jennifer , Vera-Beccera Luz Elvia , Heinig M. Jane 
Published: May 2012

Background: While hospital policies and medical issues are important factors in determining exclusive breastfeeding rates, medically unnecessary supplementation of infants is likely to be due, in part, to maternal request for formula. Objectives: The goal of this project was to gain an understanding of the facilitating factors and decision-making processes surrounding maternal request for formula in the early postpartum period. Methods: A series of 12 focus groups were conducted among 97 English- and Spanish-speaking low-income participants in California’s Supplementary Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Mothers were asked to share their in-hospital infant-feeding experiences. Results: The overarching theme that emerged was “lack of preparation” for what the early postpartum period would be like. Specifically, the decisions to formula feed fell into the following categories: inadequate preparation for newborn care (the need for rest and unrealistic expectations about infant behavior), lack of preparation for the process of breastfeeding, and formula as a solution to breastfeeding problems. Cultural factors were not mentioned as reasons for supplementation. Conclusion: Interventions to promote in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding must address mothers’ real and perceived barriers, specifically mothers’ expectations related to breastfeeding and infant behavior.
Eri1 regulates microRNA homeostasis and mouse lymphocyte development and antiviral function
Authors: Thomas Molly F. , Abdul-Wajid Sarah , Panduro Marisella , Babiarz Joshua E. , Rajaram Misha , Woodruff Prescott , Lanier Lewis L. , Heissmeyer Vigo , Ansel K. Mark 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in early host defense to infected and transformed cells. Here, we show that mice deficient in Eri1, a conserved 3′-to-5′ exoribonuclease that represses RNA interference, have a cell-intrinsic defect in NK-cell development and maturation. Eri1−/− NK cells displayed delayed acquisition of Ly49 receptors in the bone marrow (BM) and a selective reduction in Ly49D and Ly49H activating receptors in the periphery. Eri1 was required for immune-mediated control of mouse CMV (MCMV) infection. Ly49H+ NK cells deficient in Eri1 failed to expand efficiently during MCMV infection, and virus-specific responses were also diminished among Eri1−/− T cells. We identified miRNAs as the major endogenous small RNA target of Eri1 in mouse lymphocytes. Both NK and T cells deficient in Eri1 displayed a global, sequence-independent increase in miRNA abundance. Ectopic Eri1 expression rescued defective miRNA expression in mature Eri1−/− T cells. Thus, mouse Eri1 regulates miRNA homeostasis in lymphocytes and is required for normal NK-cell development and antiviral immunity.
The origin and function of platelet glycosyltransferases
Authors: Wandall Hans H. , Rumjantseva Viktoria , Sørensen Anne Louise Tølbøll , Patel-Hett Sunita , Josefsson Emma C. , Bennett Eric P. , Italiano Joseph E. , Clausen Henrik , Hartwig John H. , Hoffmeister Karin M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPlatelets are megakaryocyte subfragments that participate in hemostatic and host defense reactions and deliver pro- and antiangiogenic factors throughout the vascular system. Although they are anucleated cells that lack a complex secretory apparatus with distinct Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum compartments, past studies have shown that platelets have glycosyltransferase activities. In the present study, we show that members of 3 distinct glycosyltransferase families are found within and on the surface of platelets. Immunocytology and flow cytometry results indicated that megakaryocytes package these Golgi-derived glycosyltransferases into vesicles that are sent via proplatelets to nascent platelets, where they accumulate. These glycosyltransferases are active, and intact platelets glycosylate large exogenous substrates. Furthermore, we show that activation of platelets results in the release of soluble glycosyltransferase activities and that platelets contain sufficient levels of sugar nucleotides for detection of glycosylation of exogenously added substrates. Therefore, the results of the present study show that blood platelets are a rich source of both glycosyltransferases and donor sugar substrates that can be released to function in the extracellular space. This platelet-glycosylation machinery offers a pathway to a simple glycoengineering strategy improving storage of platelets and may serve hitherto unknown biologic functions.
Thrombopoietin/MPL participates in initiating and maintaining RUNX1-ETO acute myeloid leukemia via PI3K/AKT signaling
Authors: Pulikkan John Anto , Madera Dmitri , Xue Liting , Bradley Paul , Landrette Sean Francis , Kuo Ya-Huei , Abbas Saman , Zhu Lihua Julie , Valk Peter , Castilla Lucio Hernán 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOncogenic mutations in components of cytokine signaling pathways elicit ligand-independent activation of downstream signaling, enhancing proliferation and survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene, MPL, a homodimeric receptor activated by thrombopoietin (THPO), is mutated in myeloproliferative disorders but rarely in AML. Here we show that wild-type MPL expression is increased in a fraction of human AML samples expressing RUNX1-ETO, a fusion protein created by chromosome translocation t(8;21), and that up-regulation of Mpl expression in mice induces AML when coexpressed with RUNX1-ETO. The leukemic cells are sensitive to THPO, activating survival and proliferative responses. Mpl expression is not regulated by RUNX1-ETO in mouse hematopoietic progenitors or leukemic cells. Moreover, we find that activation of PI3K/AKT but not ERK/MEK pathway is a critical mediator of the MPL-directed antiapoptotic function in leukemic cells. Hence, this study provides evidence that up-regulation of wild-type MPL levels promotes leukemia development and maintenance through activation of the PI3K/AKT axis, and suggests that inhibitors of this axis could be effective for treatment of MPL-positive AML.
MicroRNA-34a and microRNA-21 play roles in the chemopreventive effects of 3,6-dihydroxyflavone on 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea-induced breast carcinogenesis
Authors: Hui Chang , Yujie Fu , Lijia Yuan , Long Yi , Hongxia Xu , Yong Zhou , Jundong Zhu , Qianyong Zhang , Mantian Mi 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Introduction
miRNAs are very important regulators in biological processes such as development, cellular differentiation, and carcinogenesis. Given the important role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and development, it is worth investigating whether some miRNAs play roles in the anticancer mechanism of flavonoids. However, such a role has not yet been reported. We previously selected the promising anticancer agent 3,6-dihydroxyflavone (3,6-DHF) in pharmacodynamic experiments, which may serve as a leading compound for developing more potent anticancer drugs or chemopreventive supplements. The present study aims to investigate the chemopreventive activities of 3,6-DHF against mammary carcinogenesis.

Methods
The experimental model of breast carcinogenesis was developed by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU). The bioavailability of 3,6-DHF in rats was detected by HPLC. The expression of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and microRNA-21 (miR-21) was evaluated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential was assayed using 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide dye by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The level of cytochrome C in cytosol was evaluated by western blotting.

Results
Our study showed that oral administration of 3,6-DHF effectively suppressed MNU-induced breast carcinogenesis in rats, decreasing the cancer incidence by 35.7%. The detection of bioavailability indicated that the concentration of 3,6-DHF was 2.5 ± 0.4 μg/ml in plasma of rats within 2 hours after administration, and was 21.7 ± 3.8 μg/ml in urine within 24 hours. Oral administration of 3,6-DHF to BALB/c nude mice bearing breast cancer cell xenografts also significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, our study revealed that the global upregulation of miR-21 and downregulation of miR-34a in breast carcinogenesis could be reversed by 3,6-DHF, which significantly upregulated miR-34a expression and decreased miR-21 expression - inducing apoptosis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of miR-34a induced by plasmid transfection or inhibition of miR-21 by oligonucleotides markedly promoted the pro-apoptotic effect of 3,6-DHF. Inactivation of miR-34a or overproduction of miR-21 compromised the anticancer effects of 3,6-DHF.

Conclusion
These findings indicate that 3,6-DHF is a potent natural chemopreventive agent, and that miR-34a and miR-21 play roles in MNU-induced breast carcinogenesis and the anticancer mechanism of flavonoids.
Minimal Residual Disease–Guided Treatment Deintensification for Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results From the Malaysia-Singapore Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 2003 Study
Authors: Yeoh Allen Eng Juh , Ariffin Hany , Chai Elaine Li Leng , Kwok Cecilia Sze Nga , Chan Yiong Huak , Ponnudurai Kuperan , Campana Dario , Tan Poh Lin , Chan Mei Yoke , Kham Shirley Kow Yin , Chong Lee Ai , Tan Ah Moy , Lin Hai Peng , Quah Thuan Chong 
Published: May 2012

Purpose To improve treatment outcome for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we designed the Malaysia-Singapore ALL 2003 study with treatment stratification based on presenting clinical and genetic features and minimal residual disease (MRD) levels measured by polymerase chain reaction targeting a single antigen-receptor gene rearrangement. Patients and Methods Five hundred fifty-six patients received risk-adapted therapy with a modified Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster–ALL treatment. High-risk ALL was defined by MRD ≥ 1 × 10−3 at week 12 and/or poor prednisolone response, BCR-ABL1, MLL gene rearrangements, hypodiploid less than 45 chromosomes, or induction failure; standard-risk ALL was defined by MRD ≤ 1 × 10−4 at weeks 5 and 12 and no extramedullary involvement or high-risk features. Intermediate-risk ALL included all remaining patients. Results Patients who lacked high-risk presenting features (85.7%) received remission induction therapy with dexamethasone, vincristine, and asparaginase, without anthracyclines. Six-year event-free survival (EFS) was 80.6% ± 3.5%; overall survival was 88.4% ± 3.1%. Standard-risk patients (n = 172; 31%) received significantly deintensified subsequent therapy without compromising EFS (93.2% ± 4.1%). High-risk patients (n = 101; 18%) had the worst EFS (51.8% ± 10%); EFS was 83.6% ± 4.9% in intermediate-risk patients (n = 283; 51%). Conclusion Our results demonstrate significant progress over previous trials in the region. Three-drug remission-induction therapy combined with MRD-based risk stratification to identify poor responders is an effective strategy for childhood ALL.
Prädiktive Blickregelung für einen redundanten humanoiden Roboterkopf
Authors: Milighetti Giulio , De Luca Alessandro 
Published: May 2012

Zusammenfassung
Ein allgemeines Konzept für die Blickregelung eines redundanten Roboterkopfes wird präsentiert. Es basiert auf einem adaptiven Kalman-Filter, das den Zustand eines bewegten Zieles aufgrund der Positionsdaten schätzt, die von der im Kopf integrierten Stereokamera geliefert werden. Der Regler kombiniert eine Feedback- und eine Feedforward-Komponente, beide mit adaptiven Parametern, um eine optimale dynamische Antwort für beliebige unbekannte Zieltrajektorien zu gewährleisten. Für die Lösung der vorhandenen kinematischen Redundanz wird eine gewichtete Pseudoinverse eingesetzt. Die für die Berechnung der Gewichtungen realisierten Optimierungskriterien werden so ausgewählt, dass menschenähnliche Bewegungen des Kopfes erreicht werden können. Experimentelle Ergebnisse auf dem Kopf des humanoiden Roboters ARMAR-III werden präsentiert.
Einsatz geführter Wellen für die Ultraschallprüfung
Authors: Prager Jens , Gravenkamp Hauke , Rahman Mehbub-Ur , Köppe Enrico 
Published: May 2012

Zusammenfassung
Der Einsatz geführter Wellen für die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung mit Ultraschall eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten, räumlich ausgedehnte Bauteile mit begrenzter Zugänglichkeit auf ihre Integrität zu prüfen und gewinnt daher zunehmend an Bedeutung. Dieser Artikel behandelt die physikalischen Grundlagen der Schallausbreitung. Deren Verständnis bildet die Grundlage für die Entwicklung geeigneter Prüfsysteme. An Beispielen werden verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Simulation der Schallausbereitung vorgestellt. Aktuelle Lösungsansätze zur Prüfung von plattenförmigen Strukturen und von Rohrleitungen werden beschrieben, wobei besonders auf die Sensortechnik und die speziellen Anforderungen an die Prüfhardware eingegangen wird.
Vergleichsmessungen zwischen Durchfluss-Normalmessanlagen
Authors: Büker Oliver , Lederer Thomas , Adunka Franz 
Published: May 2012

Zusammenfassung
Im Oktober 1999 wurde durch das “International Committee of Weights and Measures” (CIPM) im Rahmen der Meterkonvention die Vereinbarung zur gegenseitigen Anerkennung (“Mutual Recognition Arrangement”, MRA) der nationalen Normale und der zugehörigen Messmöglichkeiten der Nationalen Metrologieinstitute (NMI) getroffen. Ziele dieser Übereinkunft sind die Bestimmung des Grades der Äquivalenz (“Degree of Equivalence”, DoE) zwischen den einzelnen nationalen Normalen, die gegenseitige Anerkennung von Zertifikaten der NMI und eine Erhöhung der Transparenz von Messergebnissen. Zu den vertrauensbildenden Maßnahmen bei der Umsetzung des MRA spielen internationale Ringvergleiche (CIPM “Key Comparisons”, KC) zwischen den metrologischen Staatsinstituten eine elementare Rolle. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden Vergleichsmessungen der kohärenten SI-Einheit Volumen, respektive ‘Volumen von Wasser} mithilfe von konventionellen Durchflusssensoren (DFS) zwischen den weltweit renommierten Durchfluss-Normalmessanlagen der PTB — Institut Berlin (“Wärmezählerprüfstrecke”, WZP), der PTB Braunschweig (“Hydrodynamisches Prüffeld”, HDP) und dem Durchflusslabor des qutBundesamts für Eich- und Vermessungswesen’ (BEV) in Wien dargelegt. Ferner werden grundsätzliche Vorgehensweisen bei diesen Vergleichsmessungen vorgestellt und exemplarisch Ergebnisse bei 20°C präsentiert.
Measles among Healthcare Workers in a Teaching Hospital in Central Italy
Authors: Barbadoro Pamela , Marigliano Anna , Tondo Elena Di , De Paolis Maria , Martini Enrica , Prospero Emilia , D’errico Marcello Mario 
Published: May 2012

Measles among Healthcare Workers in a Teaching Hospital in Central Italy: Barbadoro PAMELA, et al. Department of Biomedical Science and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy—ObjectivesThe aim of this report is to describe a measles cluster involving health‐care workers (HWCs) that occurred in a teaching hospital in central Italy during winter 2011 and the efforts made to promptly identify all the susceptible contacts in order to stop, as soon as possible, transmission of the infection within the hospital.MethodsAn epidemiological investigation took place. The immunization status of all the exposed individuals was assessed by personal interviews (history of measles or measles vaccine). Serologic screening for personnel not immune to measles was performed.ResultsFour cases of measles infection in HCWs were identified; of the 72 HCWs tested for measles immunity, 50 reported a past history of measles, while 22 underwent serological screening, which showed that all were IgG positive except for one case, which was excluded from duty as recommended. Strict adherence to use of alcohol based hand rub and rapid implementation of appropriate isolation precautions are essential but insufficient to prevent measles outbreaks in hospital settings. Vaccination is the only reliable protection against nosocomial spread of measles. Therefore, assessing the immunization status of HCW and implementing vaccination strategies are needed in order to virtually set to zero the risk of acquiring and spreading measles in healthcare settings.
Neurocognitive Phenotype of Isolated Methylmalonic Acidemia
Authors: O’Shea Colin J. , Sloan Jennifer L. , Wiggs Edythe A. , Pao Maryland , Gropman Andrea , Baker Eva H. , Manoli Irini , Venditti Charles P. , Snow Joseph 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a metabolic disorder with a poorly defined long-term neurocognitive phenotype. We studied the neuropsychological outcomes of patients and examined clinical covariates that influenced cognition.

METHODS:
A diverse cohort with mut, cblA, or cblB subtypes of isolated MMA (N = 43), ages 2 to 32 years, were evaluated at a single center over a 6-year period. The influence of clinical, laboratory, and metabolic parameters on neuropsychological testing results was determined.

RESULTS:
Early-onset mut patients (n = 21) manifested the most severe neurocognitive impairments, with a mean ± SD full-scale IQ (FSIQ) of 71.1 ± 14.75. Late-onset mut patients (n = 6) had a mean FSIQ of 88.5 ± 27.62. cblA (n = 7), cblB (n = 6), and mut patients diagnosed prenatally or by newborn screening (n = 3) obtained mean FSIQs in the average range (100.7 ± 10.95, 96.6 ± 10.92, and 106.7 ± 6.66, respectively). Hyperammonemia at diagnosis and the presence of a seizure disorder were associated with a lower FSIQ (P = .001 and P = .041, respectively), but other clinical variables, including basal ganglia injury and mutation status, did not. FSIQ remained stable over longitudinal testing (n = 10). Decreased scores on processing speed, compared with all other intellectual domains, emerged as a specific neurocognitive manifestation.

CONCLUSIONS:
The neurocognitive outcomes seen in isolated MMA are highly variable. An earlier age of disease onset, the presence of hyperammonemia at diagnosis, and a history of seizures were associated with more severe impairment. In all patient subtypes, selective deficits in processing speed were present.