bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zen and the art of film narrative: towards a transcendental realism in film
Authors: Knudsen Erik 
Published: May 2010

<disp-quote>
Nations and peoples are largely the stories they feed themselves. If they tell themselves stories that are lies, they will suffer the consequences of those lies. If they tell themselves stories that face their own truths, they will free their histories for future
flowerings. <attrib>(Okri 1995: 21)</attrib> </disp-quote>
What defines the classic narrative is also at the root of its limitations; an epistemology that ties it to a material and psychological paradigm governed by largely explicable laws of cause and effect. Such notions
as character motivation, narrative aims, obstacles, climax and so on have evolved to become as overwhelmingly dominant in cinema as the dogma of reason which subsequently the industrial age solidified. It is from this that the moving-image medium emerged: empirical evidence of motivations,
mechanistic notions of causes and effects and scientifically based including the pseudosciences of psychology and sociology that provide justifications for events and actions all serve to reinforce the dominance of the classic narrative's role in the storytelling of the developed world.
In
this article, I shall call for a different perspective on cinematic narrative form; not with a view to discussing what film generally is, but to make some general suggestions of what it could be, particularly from the perspective of a film-maker trying to transcend the limitations of the classic
narrative. The motive is to try and understand how, in practice, one may evolve narrative forms in such a way as to deal with experiences not sufficiently touched by the classic form, as it is currently generally practised in cinema. I shall, in particular, look at the relationship between
emotions and feelings and their relationship to narrative structure and bring into this examination some notions and ideas from Zen Buddhism to re-evaluate that relationship. The issues I hope to raise are about paradigms and I shall therefore deliberately base my discussion on general assertions
and eclectic contextualization.
Dynamic changes in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in acute coronary syndromes treated with percutaneous coronary intervention: a marker of ischemic burden, reperfusion and outcome
Authors: Buchner Stefan , Debl Kurt , Barlage Stefan , Griese Daniel , Fredersdorf Sabine , Jeron Andreas , Lubnow Matthias , Müller Thomas , Muders Frank , Holmer Stephan , Riegger Günter A.J. , Luchner Andreas 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Background: Whereas N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is approved for risk stratification of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), short-term temporal changes in NT-proBNP concentrations and the optimal time points for sampling are not clear. The purpose of this study was to better define the short-term changes in NT-proBNP in relation to clinical presentation, reperfusion and prognostic value in patients with ACS, as well as to identify the optimum time points for sampling.

Methods: We studied daily plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP in 133 unselected patients with myocardial infarction (n=65), stable coronary artery disease (CAD, n=46) and no CAD (n=22) who underwent coronary angiography.

Results: Patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) presented with markedly higher NT-proBNP than patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) [1305 (741–3208) ng/L vs. 170 (70–424) ng/L, p<0.001]. Also, time to presentation from onset of pain was much longer in NSTEMI as compared to STEMI (>48 h vs. <6 h, p<0.001). Patients with NSTEMI also presented with higher NT-proBNP as compared with CAD [224 (98–732) ng/L] and no CAD [47 (26–102) ng/L; p<0.001, NSTEMI vs. both]. Following successful percutaneous coronary intervention [thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 3-flow established], NT-proBNP increased markedly within 24 h in patients with STEMI [718 (379–1338) ng/L, p<0.01 vs. 0 h], whereas no change in NT-proBNP was noted in patients with NSTEMI [1190 (1010–2024) ng/L, p=0.88 vs. 0 h]. In both STEMI and NSTEMI, NT-proBNP decreased significantly 96 h after successful reperfusion [STEMI –52%, 372 (189–610) ng/L, p<0.05; NSTEMI –52%, 613 (365–724) ng/L, p<0.05]. Unsuccessful reperfusion (TIMI<3) was associated with unchanged or increased NT-proBNP. NT-proBNP at 96 h and peak NT-proBNP further displayed a strong correlation with cardiac troponin T (r=0.64 and r=0.54, p<0.001), a marker of infarct size, and NT-proBNP at 96 h was a strong predictor of long-term prognosis (hazard ratio 7.29, p=0.025).

Conclusions: In patients with NSTEMI, NT-proBNP may be increased as high as concentrations usually associated with acute congestive heart failure despite the absence of clinical signs. In contrast, patients with STEMI and short time to presentation may present with completely normal NT-proBNP, but dramatic short-term increases following reperfusion. NT-proBNP reflects ischemic burden, reperfusion success and prognosis, and the current data support repetitive sampling in patients with ACS.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:875–81.
Molecular diagnostics: between chips and customized medicine
Authors: Castaldo Giuseppe , Lembo Francesca , Tomaiuolo Rossella 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRecently there has been an explosive increase in molecular diagnostics. This is due to translational research on the molecular basis of human diseases, and to technological developments that have resulted in efficient procedures for extensive analysis of the human genome. However, a large body of data on the genome is still difficult to interpret at the clinical level. For many monogenic diseases, “modifier” genes, inherited independently of the disease gene interact, thereby resulting in a distinct phenotype for each patient. Multigenic diseases depend on complex interactions between genes and the environment. Response to drugs and side effects are modulated by gene variants. The same is true for the response to nutrients. All these interactions, which vary from patient to patient, led to the concept of “personalized medicine”. Our genome consists of 25,000 genes, a surprisingly low number when compared to other species. Therefore, the complex phenotype of humans depends on a number of mechanisms that regulate gene expression, which, in turn, may be altered resulting in disease. For example, DNA methylation modulates the level of gene expression, and altered methylation of some genes is related to human neoplasias. MicroRNAs regulate the expression of a myriad of genes, and mounting evidence indicates that this mechanism may be impaired in human diseases. Finally, the relationships between genetics and human behavior are starting to be elucidated. For example, suicide may be related to alterations of methylation of specific genes. To conclude: the chip-wide analysis of human genomes is becoming easier, but the understanding of molecular genetics that confirmed the real “uniqueness” of each genome is an excellent opportunity for laboratory medicine to reposition the patient at the heart of the medical process.Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:973–82.
The prevalence of preanalytical errors in a Croatian ISO 15189 accredited laboratory
Authors: Simundic Ana-Maria , Nikolac Nora , Vukasovic Ines , Vrkic Nada 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Background: The preanalytical phase is the most common source of laboratory errors. The goal of this descriptive study was to analyze the prevalence and type of preanalytical errors in relation to the site of sample collection (inpatient vs. outpatient) and the type of laboratory unit (hematology and coagulation vs. biochemistry). For the biochemistry unit, the data were also analyzed relative to the type of the analysis (stat vs. routine).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the sample and test request form error rate for a 1-year period, from January to December 2008.

Results: The frequency of the sample errors differed significantly between the emergency and routine biochemistry unit (0.69% vs. 2.14%; p<0.0001), and between inpatients and outpatients (1.12% vs. 1.36%; p=0.0006). Hemolysis was the most frequent sample error, accounting for 65% of all unsuitable specimens in the emergency biochemistry unit. The total sample error rate did not differ between hematology and coagulation vs. the biochemistry unit. The frequency of test request form errors differed significantly with respect to the sample collection site (p<0.0001), laboratory unit (p<0.0001) and type of the analysis (p<0.0001). Errors in the test request form were least frequent in the outpatient unit (2.98%) and most frequent in the routine biochemistry unit (65.94%).

Conclusions: Sample and test request form errors in our laboratory are occurring with a frequency comparable to that reported by others. Continuous educational action is needed for all stakeholders involved in laboratory testing to improve the quality of the preanalytical phase of the total testing process.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1009–14.
Non-destructive assessment of green density and moisture condition in plantation-grown radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don.) by increment core measurements
Authors: Chan Julian Moreno , Raymond Carolyn A. , Walker John C. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A novel protocol for non-destructive assessment of green density and moisture content via increment cores was validated for young (8–10 years) and mature trees (36 years) of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don.). Initial procedures involved comparing 5- and 12-mm cores with fresh disks taken from young trees at breast height and felled during the winter, as well as methods for rehydrating the wood cores. Subsequently, the best method (12-mm cores) was validated with material collected in summer from both young and mature trees. The protocols developed require separate processing of sapwood and heartwood, and soaking the sapwood for 24 h to replace the moisture lost while coring. For young trees, bark-to-pith 12-mm cores accounted for between 64% and 66% of variation in green density of sapwood and between 51% and 72% of saturation percentage, as measured by destructively sampled disks. For mature trees, the average of two sides of 12-mm bark-to-bark cores accounted for 73% of variation in green density of sapwood, and 56% of saturation percentage as measured by destructive wedges. One or both sides of a bark-to-bark core accounted for between 72% and 80% of variation in whole-section green density, and between 70% and 79% of variation in sapwood percentage. The number of heartwood rings was better predicted from the average of two sides of the cores (R2 of 0.71). Whole-tree values (lower two logs) for sapwood green density and saturation were better predicted from the average of both sides of the bark-to-bark core (R2 of 0.76 and 0.57, respectively). Whole-tree values for whole-section green density could be predicted either by one side or two sides of the cores (R2 for 1 or 2 sides of 0.77 and 0.81). Finally, whole-tree sapwood volumetric percent was better predicted by the average of two sides of the cores (R2 of 0.81).
Impact of organosilicon treatments on the wood-water relationship of solid wood
Authors: De Vetter Liesbeth , Van den Bulcke Jan , Van Acker Joris 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The interaction of wood with water is a primary factor for degradation of the substrate. Organosilicons are known to behave like a water repellent, thus they are in discussion as protecting agents for wood used outdoors. In the present paper, the influence of water on organosilicon treated material was investigated. Solid Scots pine sapwood was impregnated or treated superficially with low concentrations of organosilicons and evaluated for several water related characteristics. The results confirm the water repellent properties of organosilicons as the polysiloxane film increases the contact angle between water and the wood substrate. However, they do not influence the total uptake of moisture but can change the rate at which moisture is taken up, and as such, prolong the service life of the substrate. In general, impregnated specimens behave better than dipped ones. To gain more insight in the exact behavior, continuous moisture uptake experiments are needed in real outdoor exposure tests.
Creep behavior of bamboo under various desorption conditions
Authors: Tsubaki Takashi , Nakano Takato 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Longitudinal bending creep during desorption, which is also referred to as mechano-sorptive creep, was measured under various desorption conditions for moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) to clarify the effect of the conditions and the specimen part. The results showed that the mechano-sorptive effect appeared not only in wood but also in bamboo, and that its effect was reduced by an increase in the volume fraction of the bundle sheath in the cross-sectional area. The results of this experiment suggest that mechano-sorptive behavior is related to the amorphous matrix in bamboo components.
A computational study of pyrolysis reactions of lignin model compounds
Authors: Elder Thomas 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Enthalpies of reaction for the initial steps in the pyrolysis of lignin have been evaluated at the CBS-4m level of theory using fully substituted β-O-4 dilignols. Values for competing unimolecular decomposition reactions are consistent with results previously published for phenethyl phenyl ether models, but with lowered selectivity. Chain propagating reactions of free radicals with a closed-shell dilignol are dominated by structures in which extensive electron delocalization occurs.
Acoustic emission measurements and lattice simulations of microfracture events in spruce
Authors: Nagy Edwin , Landis Eric N. , Davids William G. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A statistical lattice model was developed to investigate the energy associated with damage and failure of wood. The model incorporates several important morphological aspects of wood such as grain direction, early wood percentage and grain geometry. The model was developed to investigate progressive damage under enforced boundary displacements and has been adapted to predict fracture energy related phenomena. In this particular study, notched specimens were loaded in uniaxial tension while monitored by a passive acoustic emission (AE) measurement system. The energy associated with the mechanical damage was measured by the AE instruments and compared with the energy released by ruptured elements in the lattice model. Cumulative energy release was tracked as a function of specimen load and deformation in both model and experiment. A ratio was established between the cumulative AE energy released at the first drop in load and the cumulative fracture energy released when the model load-deformation relationship becomes significantly non-linear. An additional ratio was established between the total fracture energy measured prior to 50% of peak strain and the total fracture energy measured prior to peak strain. The magnitudes of these energy release ratios vary owing to a change in failure modes between the short model and the larger specimens; however, the shape of the AE energy release curve up to failure coincides well with that predicted by the model simulations.
Statistical Design and Analysis of RNA Sequencing Data
Authors: Auer Paul L , Doerge R W 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNext-generation sequencing technologies are quickly becoming the preferred approach for characterizing and quantifying entire genomes. Even though data produced from these technologies are proving to be the most informative of any thus far, very little attention has been paid to fundamental design aspects of data collection and analysis, namely sampling, randomization, replication, and blocking. We discuss these concepts in an RNA sequencing framework. Using simulations we demonstrate the benefits of collecting replicated RNA sequencing data according to well known statistical designs that partition the sources of biological and technical variation. Examples of these designs and their corresponding models are presented with the goal of testing differential expression.
Fine Mapping in 94 Inbred Mouse Strains Using a High-Density Haplotype Resource
Authors: Kirby Andrew , Kang Hyun Min , Wade Claire M , Cotsapas Chris , Kostem Emrah , Han Buhm , Furlotte Nick , Kang Eun Yong , Rivas Manuel , Bogue Molly A , Frazer Kelly A , Johnson Frank M , Beilharz Erica J , Cox David R , Eskin Eleazar , Daly Mark J 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe genetics of phenotypic variation in inbred mice has for nearly a century provided a primary weapon in the medical research arsenal. A catalog of the genetic variation among inbred mouse strains, however, is required to enable powerful positional cloning and association techniques. A recent whole-genome resequencing study of 15 inbred mouse strains captured a significant fraction of the genetic variation among a limited number of strains, yet the common use of hundreds of inbred strains in medical research motivates the need for a high-density variation map of a larger set of strains. Here we report a dense set of genotypes from 94 inbred mouse strains containing 10.77 million genotypes over 121,433 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), dispersed at 20-kb intervals on average across the genome, with an average concordance of 99.94% with previous SNP sets. Through pairwise comparisons of the strains, we identified an average of 4.70 distinct segments over 73 classical inbred strains in each region of the genome, suggesting limited genetic diversity between the strains. Combining these data with genotypes of 7570 gap-filling SNPs, we further imputed the untyped or missing genotypes of 94 strains over 8.27 million Perlegen SNPs. The imputation accuracy among classical inbred strains is estimated at 99.7% for the genotypes imputed with high confidence. We demonstrated the utility of these data in high-resolution linkage mapping through power simulations and statistical power analysis and provide guidelines for developing such studies. We also provide a resource of in silico association mapping between the complex traits deposited in the Mouse Phenome Database with our genotypes. We expect that these resources will facilitate effective designs of both human and mouse studies for dissecting the genetic basis of complex traits.
Molecular Genetic Analysis of Chd3 and Polytene Chromosome Region 76B-D in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Cooper Monica T , Conant Alexander W , Kennison James A 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The Drosophila melanogaster Chd3 gene encodes a member of the CHD group of SNF2/RAD54 ATPases. CHD proteins are conserved from yeast to man and many are subunits of chromatin-remodeling complexes that facilitate transcription. Drosophila CHD3 proteins are not found in protein complexes, but as monomers that remodel chromatin in vitro. CHD3 colocalize with elongating RNA polymerase II on salivary gland polytene chromosomes. Since the role of Chd3 in development was unknown, we isolated and characterized the essential genes within the 640-kb region of the third chromosome (polytene chromosome region 76B-D) that includes Chd3. We recovered mutations in 24 genes that are essential for zygotic viability. We found that transposon-insertion mutants for 46% of the essential genes are included in the Drosophila Gene Disruption Project collection. None of the essential genes that we identified are in a 200-kb region that includes Chd3. We generated a deletion of Chd3 by targeted gene replacement. This deletion had no effect on either viability or fertility.
The Rate and Spectrum of Spontaneous Mutations in a Plant RNA Virus
Authors: Tromas Nicolas , Elena Santiago F 
Published: May 2010

AbstractKnowing mutation rates and the molecular spectrum of spontaneous mutations is important to understanding how the genetic composition of viral populations evolves. Previous studies have shown that the rate of spontaneous mutations for RNA viruses widely varies between 0.01 and 2 mutations per genome and generation, with plant RNA viruses always occupying the lower side of this range. However, this peculiarity of plant RNA viruses is based on a very limited number of studies. Here we analyze the spontaneous mutational spectrum and the mutation rate of Tobacco etch potyvirus, a model system of positive sense RNA viruses. Our experimental setup minimizes the action of purifying selection on the mutational spectrum, thus giving a picture of what types of mutations are produced by the viral replicase. As expected for a neutral target, we found that transitions and nonsynonymous (including a few stop codons and small deletions) mutations were the most abundant type. This spectrum was notably different from the one previously described for another plant virus. We have estimated that the spontaneous mutation rate for this virus was in the range 10−6−10−5 mutations per site and generation. Our estimates are in the same biological ballpark that previous values reported for plant RNA viruses. This finding gives further support to the idea that plant RNA viruses may have lower mutation rates than their animal counterparts.
Expression Quantitative Trait Loci: Replication, Tissue- and Sex-Specificity in Mice
Authors: van Nas Atila , Ingram-Drake Leslie , Sinsheimer Janet S , Wang Susanna S , Schadt Eric E , Drake Thomas , Lusis Aldons J 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBy treating the transcript abundance as a quantitative trait, gene expression can be mapped to local or distant genomic regions relative to the gene encoding the transcript. Local expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) generally act in cis (that is, control the expression of only the contiguous structural gene), whereas distal eQTL act in trans. Distal eQTL are more difficult to identify with certainty due to the fact that significant thresholds are very high since all regions of the genome must be tested, and confounding factors such as batch effects can produce false positives. Here, we compare findings from two large genetic crosses between mouse strains C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6J to evaluate the reliability of distal eQTL detection, including “hotspots” influencing the expression of multiple genes in trans. We found that &gt;63% of local eQTL and &gt;18% of distal eQTL were replicable at a threshold of LOD &gt; 4.3 between crosses and 76% of local and &gt;24% of distal eQTL at a threshold of LOD &gt; 6. Additionally, at LOD &gt; 4.3 four tissues studied (adipose, brain, liver, and muscle) exhibited &gt;50% preservation of local eQTL and &gt;17% preservation of distal eQTL. We observed replicated distal eQTL hotspots between the crosses on chromosomes 9 and 17. Finally, &gt;69% of local eQTL and &gt;10% of distal eQTL were preserved in most tissues between sexes. We conclude that most local eQTL are highly replicable between mouse crosses, tissues, and sex as compared to distal eQTL, which exhibited modest replicability.