bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTEGRATING SCIENCE AND POLICY FOR CREATING TOOLS FOR SAFER EUROPEAN COASTS IN A CHANGING CLIMATE
Authors: de Vries W. S. , Zanuttigh B. , Steendam G. J. , Kloosterboer H. , Van der Nat A. , Graaff H. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTDensely populated areas along the coast face many problems, including erosion, increasing flood risk and habitat deterioration. As economies develop, the asset base at risk increases. Simultaneously, the effects of climate change result in more extreme events, thus more damage and habitat decline. Existing management and defence approaches are not well tuned to these challenges, as most assume static situations.In the THESEUS1 project (2009–2013), 31 partners are working together in an interdisciplinary way to develop instruments for creating low‐risk coasts for human use and healthy habitats (INFRAM, 2011).For this, eight study sites were identified across Europe in the most vulnerable coastal environments such as deltas, estuaries and wetlands. Many large cities and industrial areas are located in these areas.The authors have assessed the coastal systems of these sites from the perspective of the risk assessment due from every Member State by 2011. A questionnaire was developed and interviews were input for a systems analysis, for which the coastal systems were divided into subsystems according to risk function (chance × consequences), physical elements (sea, foreshore, flood defence, protected area) and land use. Based on these analyses, a first impression of possible policy changes, organisational and/or mitigation measures was identified. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
APPLICATION OF LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL DECISION AND EVALUATION SUPPORT SYSTEM ON FLOOD MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Authors: Yang Chun‐Yao , Wang Hsiao‐Wen , Kuo Pin‐Han 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTWhile flood mitigation measures are needed in flood‐prone areas, some may impact the environment, for example by causing habitat fragmentation. As flooding issues nowadays are more complicated and should be discussed taking multidisciplinary considerations into account, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of land use changes on flooding, landscape pattern, and ecological resources as a whole, based on past environmental changes and trends in future development, using the concept of the Landscape Ecological Decision and Evaluation Support System Model (LEDESS).Yunlin County, one of the demonstration sites of the Regulation Project of Flood‐Prone Areas, proposed by the Water Resource Agency of Taiwan in 2005, was studied. We designed three scenarios, i.e. Scenario A for the current situation, Scenario B for the government policy, and Scenario C as a sustainable policy integrating room for water. We used people, planet, and profit as the indicators to understand the consequences under different scenarios. The results indicated that lots of land will be abandonedin the near future due to flooding regardless of whether or not mitigation measures are adopted. That is to say, the coastal area will turn into a wetland area through natural processes. Hence, we need to reconsider land use strategy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WATER MANAGEMENT AND MULTIPLE LAND USE: THE DUTCH APPROACH: COMPETING AND COMPLEMENTARY FUNCTIONS IN WATER MANAGEMENT
Authors: Zeeman Wim 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTClimate change, food crises and deterioration of the environment create immense challenges in water management. In the Netherlands land subsidence, high population density and intensity of land use aggravate these problems. Increased awareness of these problems and civil society's participation in the discussions complicate these challenges.The Netherlands' Government Service for Land and Water Management (DLG), an organisation specialising in integrated land development, has tackled these problems at a regional/local scale.Land use planning for various different functions within the same territorial area require a special approach to reach sustainable and economically feasible solutions. Different functions of land and water require different hydrological/hydraulic conditions. Therefore regional, physical and socio‐economic characteristics determine the conditions for land and water management strategies. Projects are implemented while different interests such as agriculture, nature and water have to be met according to a participatory, multi‐stakeholder and integrated approach.Therefore the DLG developed special instruments, tested them in practice and applied them. Examples are ‘touch table’, ‘sketch match’ and ‘virtual reality’.The projects that the DLG is involved in are increasingly implemented in cooperation with regional/local public institutions. These projects are directed by provincial governments, the regional authorities with overall responsibility for the implementation. Several examples will illustrate this. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of fracture risk in men: A cohort study
Authors: Byberg Liisa , Gedeborg Rolf , Cars Thomas , Sundström Johan , Berglund Lars , Kilander Lena , Melhus Håkan , Michaëlsson Karl 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
FRAX is a tool that identifies individuals with high fracture risk who will benefit from pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis. However, a majority of fractures among elderly occur in people without osteoporosis and most occur after a fall. Our aim was to accurately identify men with a high future risk of fracture, independent of cause. In the population-based Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) and using survival analysis we studied different models' prognostic values (R2) for any fracture and hip fracture within 10 years from age 50 (n = 2322), 60 (n = 1852), 71 (n = 1221), and 82 (n = 526) years. During the total follow-up period from age 50 years, 897 fractures occurred in 585 individuals. Of these, 281 were hip fractures occurring in 189 individuals. The rates of any fracture were 5.7/1000 person-years at risk from age 50 years and 25.9/1000 person-years at risk from age 82 years. Corresponding hip fractures rates were 2.9 and 11.7/1000 person-years at risk. The FRAX model included all variables in FRAX except bone mineral density. The full model combining FRAX variables, comorbidity, medications, and behavioral factors explained 25% to 45% of all fractures and 80% to 92% of hip fractures, depending on age. The corresponding prognostic values of the FRAX model were 7% to 17% for all fractures and 41% to 60% for hip fractures. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) comparing the full model with the FRAX model ranged between 40% and 53% for any fracture and between 40% and 87% for hip fracture. Within the highest quintile of predicted fracture risk with the full model, one-third of the men will have a fracture within 10 years after age 71 years and two-thirds after age 82 years. We conclude that the addition of comorbidity, medication, and behavioral factors to the clinical components of FRAX can substantially improve the ability to identify men at high risk of fracture, especially hip fracture. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Bone micromechanical properties are compromised during long-term alendronate therapy independently of mineralization
Authors: Bala Yohann , Depalle Baptiste , Farlay Delphine , Douillard Thierry , Meille Sylvain , Follet Helene , Chapurlat Roland , Chevalier Jérôme , Boivin Georges 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), the use of alendronate (ALN) leads to a decrease in the risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. To explore the possible adverse effects of prolonged ALN therapy, we studied the effects of 8 ± 2 years (6–10 years) of ALN treatment on the iliac cortical bone mineral and collagen quality and micromechanical properties; by design, our study examined these parameters, independent of the degree of mineralization. From six ALN-treated and five age-matched untreated PMOP women, 153 bone structural units have been chosen according their degree of mineralization to obtain the same distribution in each group. In those bone structural units, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, quantitative microradiography, and nanoindentation were used to assess bone quality. Irrespective of the degree of mineralization, ALN treatment was associated with higher collagen maturity (+7%, p &lt; 0.001, c.v. = 13% and 16% in treated and untreated women, respectively) and lower mineral crystallinity than that observed in the untreated PMOP group (−2%, p &lt; 0.0001, c.v. = 3% in both groups). Bone matrix from ALN-treated women also had lower elastic modulus (−12%, p &lt; 0.0001, c.v. = 14% in both groups) and, contact hardness (−6%, p &lt; 0.05, c.v. = 14% in both groups) than that of untreated women. Crystallinity (which reflects the size and perfection of crystals) was associated with both elastic modulus and contact hardness in treated women exclusively (r = 0.43 and r = 0.54, p &lt; 0.0001, respectively), even after adjustment for the amount of mineral. We infer that long-term ALN treatment compromises micromechanical properties of the bone matrix as assessed ex vivo. The strength deficits are in part related to difference in crystallinity, irrespective of the mineral amount and mineral maturity. These novel findings at local levels of bone structure will have to be taken into account in the study of the pathophysiology of bone fragilities associated with prolonged ALN treatment. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Central DXA utilization shifts from office-based to hospital-based settings among medicare beneficiaries in the wake of reimbursement changes
Authors: Zhang Jie , Delzell Elizabeth , Zhao Hong , Laster Andrew J , Saag Kenneth G , Kilgore Meredith L , Morrisey Michael A , Wright Nicole C , Yun Huifeng , Curtis Jeffrey R 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In the United States, Medicare gradually reduced payments for central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) performed at physician offices (or other nonhospital settings) from an average of $139 in 2006 to about $82 in 2007 and 2008 and $72 in 2009. Reimbursement for hospital outpatient DXA service was unchanged. We investigated the utilization of hip and spine (central) DXA in the Medicare population before and after the reduction. We identified individuals from the national 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries who were ≥65 years of age and enrolled in Medicare Parts A and B but not in a Medicare Advantage plan from 2002 through 2009. For each calendar year, we calculated the proportion of beneficiaries who submitted claims for DXA, the proportions of DXAs performed in hospitals and in physician offices and the number of physician office-based practices that discontinued or started to provide DXA services. From 2002 to 2006, the proportion of beneficiaries who had at least one central DXA increased from 7.9% to 9.6% at an annual increase of 0.4% and from 2006 to 2009, the annual increase dropped to 0.1%. The number of DXAs performed in physician offices dropped from 1,643,720 (69% of 2,363,500 total DXAs) in 2006 to 1,534,240 (66% of 2,338,240) in 2009. This decline was offset by an increase in the number of DXAs performed in hospitals, which increased from 719,780 (31%) in 2006 to 804,000 (34%) in 2009. Among physician office-based practices, more practices initiated than discontinued DXA service each year from 2002 to 2006. However, the trend was reversed since 2007 such that in 2009, 1876 practices discontinued and only 1394 initiated DXA service. The reduction in DXA reimbursement was associated with a decrease in the number of DXAs performed in physician offices and fewer physician offices that provided DXA services. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Quantitative ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI of human cortical bone: Correlation with porosity and biomechanical properties
Authors: Bae Won C , Chen Peter C , Chung Christine B , Masuda Koichi , D'Lima Darryl , Du Jiang 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In this study we describe the use of ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate short and long T2* components as well as the water content of cortical bone. Fourteen human cadaveric distal femur and proximal tibia were sectioned to produce 44 rectangular slabs of cortical bone for quantitative UTE MR imaging, microcomputed tomography (µCT), and biomechanical testing. A two-dimensional (2D) UTE pulse sequence with a minimal nominal TE of 8 µseconds was used together with bicomponent analysis to quantify the bound and free water in cortical bone using a clinical 3T scanner. Total water concentration was measured using a 3D UTE sequence together with a reference water phantom. UTE MR measures of water content (total, free, and bound), T2* (short and long), and short and long T2* fractions were compared with porosity assessed with µCT, as well as elastic (modulus, yield stress, and strain) and failure (ultimate stress, failure strain, and energy) properties, using Pearson correlation. Porosity significantly correlated positively with total (R2 = 0.23; p &lt; 0.01) and free (R2 = 0.31; p &lt; 0.001) water content as well as long T2* fraction (R2 = 0.25; p &lt; 0.001), and negatively with short T2* fraction and short T2* (R2 = 0.24; p &lt; 0.01). Failure strain significantly correlated positively with short T2* (R2 = 0.29; p &lt; 0.001), ultimate stress significantly correlated negatively with total (R2 = 0.25; p &lt; 0.001) and bound (R2 = 0.22; p &lt; 0.01) water content, and failure energy significantly correlated positively with both short (R2 = 0 30; p &lt; 0.001) and long (R2 = 0.17; p &lt; 0.01) T2* values. These results suggest that UTE MR measures are sensitive to the structure and failure properties of human cortical bone, and may provide a novel way of evaluating cortical bone quality. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
COL1A1 haplotypes and hip fracture
Authors: Urreizti Roser , Garcia-Giralt Natàlia , Riancho José A. , González-Macías Jesús , Civit Sergi , Güerri Roberto , Yoskovitz Guy , Sarrion Patricia , Mellivobsky Leonardo , Díez-Pérez Adolfo , Nogués Xavier , Balcells Susana , Grinberg Daniel 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Fragility fractures resulting from low-trauma events such as a fall from standing height are associated with osteoporosis and are very common in older people, especially women. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the COL1A1 gene (rs1107946, rs11327935, and rs1800012) have been widely studied and previously associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture. A rare haplotype (T-delT-T) of these three SNPs was found to be greatly overrepresented in fractured individuals compared with nonfractured controls, thus becoming a good candidate for predicting increased fracture risk. The aim of our study was to assess the association of this haplotype with fracture risk in Spanish individuals. We recruited two independent groups of ∼100 patients with hip fracture (a total of 203 individuals) and compared the genotype and haplotype distributions of the three SNPs in the fractured patients with those of 397 control individuals from the BARCOS Spanish cohort. We found no association with risk of fracture at the genotype level for any of the SNPs, and no differences in the SNP frequencies between the two groups. At the haplotype level, we found no association between the T-delT-T haplotype and fracture. However, we observed a small but significant (p = 0.03) association with another rare haplotype, G-insT-T, which was slightly overrepresented in the patient group. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Prediction of new clinical vertebral fractures in elderly men using finite element analysis of CT scans
Authors: Wang Xiang , Sanyal Arnav , Cawthon Peggy M , Palermo Lisa , Jekir Michael , Christensen John , Ensrud Kristine E , Cummings Steven R , Orwoll Eric , Black Dennis M ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group, Keaveny Tony M 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Vertebral strength, as estimated by finite element analysis of computed tomography (CT) scans, has not yet been compared against areal bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for prospectively assessing the risk of new clinical vertebral fractures. To do so, we conducted a case-cohort analysis of 306 men aged 65 years and older, which included 63 men who developed new clinically-identified vertebral fractures and 243 men who did not, all observed over an average of 6.5 years. Nonlinear finite element analysis was performed on the baseline CT scans, blinded to fracture status, to estimate L1 vertebral compressive strength and a load-to-strength ratio. Volumetric BMD by quantitative CT and areal BMD by DXA were also evaluated. We found that, for the risk of new clinical vertebral fracture, the age-adjusted hazard ratio per standard deviation change for areal BMD (3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0–5.2) was significantly lower (p &lt; 0.005) than for strength (7.2; 95% CI, 3.6–14.1), numerically lower than for volumetric BMD (5.7; 95% CI, 3.1–10.3), and similar for the load-to-strength ratio (3.0; 95% CI, 2.1–4.3). After also adjusting for race, body mass index (BMI), clinical center, and areal BMD, all these hazard ratios remained highly statistically significant, particularly those for strength (8.5; 95% CI, 3.6–20.1) and volumetric BMD (9.4; 95% CI, 4.1–21.6). The area-under-the-curve for areal BMD (AUC = 0.76) was significantly lower than for strength (AUC = 0.83, p = 0.02), volumetric BMD (AUC = 0.82, p = 0.05), and the load-to-strength ratio (AUC = 0.82, p = 0.05). We conclude that, compared to areal BMD by DXA, vertebral compressive strength and volumetric BMD consistently improved vertebral fracture risk assessment in this cohort of elderly men. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Structure and spectroscopy of water‐fluoride microclusters: A combined genetic algorithm and DFT‐based study
Authors: Neogi Soumya Ganguly , Chaudhury Pinaki 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this article, we explore the efficiency of using a coupled genetic algorithm (GA) and density functional theory (DFT) based strategy to evaluate probable structures of (H2O)nF− micro‐clusters, with n = 1 − 6. We use the stochastic optimization technique of GA to arrive at structures of the cluster systems and once the structures are obtained, do a DFT calculation with the optimized coordinates from the GA calculation as input to get the infra‐red spectrum of all the systems. The results of our work closely resembles the pure quantum chemical results obtained by Baik et al. (J Chem Phys 1999, 110, 9116–9127) © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2012
Facile synthesis of 5‐aryl‐1‐[(arylamino)methyl]‐ 1,3,5‐triazinane‐2‐thiones
Authors: Zhang Zhenfeng , Wang Siqian , Zhang Guisheng 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA series of 5‐aryl‐1‐arylaminomethyl‐1,3,5‐triazinane‐2‐thiones has been prepared in a one‐step procedure from condensation of readily available aromatic amines with thiourea and formaldehyde. A mechanism is presented to account for the formation of the products. The overall sequence provides a simple and efficient route to prepare in good to excellent yields and in a short experimental time. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
1,3‐Di‐n‐butylimidazolium tribromide‐mediated chemoselective oxidative cyclization of benzothiazoyl carbaimides: A novel approach toward the synthesis of N‐bis‐benzothiazole derivatives
Authors: Kumbhare Ravindra M. , Dadmal Tulshiram , Kosurkar Umesh , Vijay Kumar K. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract4‐(N,N‐Dimethylamino)pyridine is found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of benzothiazoyl carbaimide derivatives using 2‐aminobenzothiazoles and phenylisothiocyanates, which on treatment with ionic liquid [bbim][Br3] at 70°C afforded exclusive formation of N‐bis‐benzothiazole derivatives in good yield. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
Expressions of hypoxic stress sensor proteins after transient cerebral ischemia in mice
Authors: Shang Jingwei , Liu Ning , Tanaka Nobuhito , Abe Koji 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe role of hypoxia sensor proteins is important in responding and protecting cells against hypoxic/ischemic injury in brain. Seven in absentia homolog 1 (Siah1) regulates primarily the downstream sensor proteins factor inhibiting alpha subunit of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (FIH) under normoxic conditions and prolyl hydroxylases domain 3 (PHD3) under hypoxic conditions. In the present study, we investigated the temporal and spatial changes of these hypoxia sensor proteins, Siah1, FIH, and PHD3, after 60 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) up to 72 hr after reperfusion in ICR mice. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses showed that Siah1 was quickly and strongly induced in neuronal cells of the ischemic penumbra, with a peak at 2 hr, and gradually returned toward the sham control (SC) level until 72 hr. In contrast, the expressions of FIH and PHD3 were strongly visualized in the SC brains, and significantly reduced in a time‐dependent manner with reperfusion until 72 hr. In the ischemic core region, Siah1, FIH, and PHD3 showed a similar change of strong and progressive decrease until 72 hr. Double‐immunofluorescence analyses showed a cytoplasmic localization of Siah1 and both cytoplasmic and nuclear localizations of FIH and PHD3 and that Siah1 plus FIH or PHD3 were well colocalized in same neuron at 2 hr after tMCAO. The present study suggests that hypoxia sensor proteins (Siah1, FIH, and PHD3) showed temporally and spatially different expressions after tMCAO, which could provide an effective neuroprotective reaction through their further downstream proteins after cerebral ischemia. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wallerian degeneration slow mouse neurons are protected against cell death caused by mechanisms involving mitochondrial electron transport dysfunction
Authors: Tokunaga Shinji , Araki Toshiyuki 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIschemia elicits a variety of stress responses in neuronal cells, which result in cell death. wldS Mice bear a mutation that significantly delays Wallerian degeneration. This mutation also protects all neuronal cells against other types of stresses resulting in cell death, including ischemia. To clarify the types of stresses that neuronal cell bodies derived from wldS mice are protected from, we exposed primary cultured neurons derived from wldS mice to various components of hypoxic stress. We found that wldS mouse neurons are protected against cellular injury induced by reoxygenation following hypoxic stress. Furthermore, we found that wldS mouse neurons are protected against functional impairment of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. These data suggest that WldS protein expression may provide protection against neuronal cell death caused by mechanisms involving mitochondrial electron transport dysfunction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.