bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and factors associated with eating disorders among undergraduate students in a public university in Ghana
Authors: Doku Michelle M. K. , Sackar Samuel A. , Nkumsah‐Riverson Portia , Ainuson‐Quampah Joana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo estimate the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) among undergraduate students in a public university in Ghana; to identify the factors associated with EDs and to explore the relationship between sociodemographics and developing EDs. A cross‐sectional design was employed to obtain data from 1101 students using the total enumeration sampling method. Information on sociodemographics was obtained and anthropometric measurements were self‐reported. The Eating Attitude Test was modified to obtain the prevalence rate. The factors associated with EDs and the relationship between sociodemographics and EDs were also assessed using a chi‐square statistical test. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between sociodemographic variables and ED risk. A total of 1101 students participated in the study with a mean age of 21.87 ± 2.94, ranging from 16 to 43 years. About 7% of the students were found to have EDs, with the majority being female young adults. Factors found to influence EDs were peer/family pressure, stress, and body dissatisfaction. The association between psychological factors and EDs was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Gender (p = 0.011), course of study (p = 0.001), and level of study (p = 0.010) were sociodemographic variables associated with an increased likelihood of developing EDs. This study found the prevalence of EDs to be relatively higher than that estimated for Africa and non‐Western countries and almost as high as that of the Western world. This calls for urgent steps to be taken, including creating awareness and increasing nutrition education to reduce the incidence, if not completely nip it in the bud. Sociocultural factors and body image preferences were identified as core factors underlying susceptibility to EDs and hence will inform and guide intervention activities. This study will address literature gaps and provide baseline data on the prevalence rate of EDs in Ghana and Africa at large. Information from the study will aid dietitians/nutritionists in developing interventions suitable for persons with EDs. Most importantly, this study will refer individuals who may have EDs to seek the necessary assistance from qualified health professionals like doctors, dietitians, and psychologists.
The association of sex and gender with disordered eating behavior in youth with hypertension
Authors: Borra Gagana S. , Ravi Hanna L. , Perrin Ella C. , South Andrew M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFemales have higher disordered eating behavior (DEB) prevalence versus males in the general population, but no data exist in adolescents with hypertension (HTN). Our objective was to determine the association of sex and gender with DEB prevalence in adolescents with HTN disorders. This was a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cross‐sectional study of adolescents aged 11–18 years with HTN disorders. We excluded patients with diabetes mellitus, kidney failure/transplantation, or gastrostomy tube dependence. We collected data via abstraction and surveys, including the SCOFF questionnaire. Our exposures were self‐reported sex and gender, and our outcome was SCOFF ≥ 2/5. We used bivariate generalized linear models. Of 74 participants, 61% identified as male, and 39% identified as female. DEB prevalence was 28%: 20% in males and 41% in females by sex and gender. Females had double the DEB risk versus males by sex (risk ratio [RR]: 2.07, 95% confidence level [CL]: 0.9996–4.28) and gender (RR: 2.02, 95% CL: 0.98–4.18), but both p > 0.05. Among adolescents with HTN disorders, while females had double the risk of screening positive for DEB versus males by sex and gender, the results were not statistically significant. Adolescents with HTN may benefit from routine DEB screening, especially those that identify as female, but larger studies are needed.
One versus two vein anastomoses in breast reconstruction with a profunda artery perforator flap—does it make a difference
Authors: Varnava Charalampos , Kueckelhaus Maximilian , Wellenbrock Sascha , Hirsch Tobias , Wiebringhaus Philipp 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap has gained popularity as a reliable alternative in breast reconstruction. Extensive research has focused on its vascular supply, dissection techniques, and broader applications beyond breast reconstruction. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the number of veins anastomosed for the PAP flap and postoperative complications.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of breast reconstructions with PAP flaps at our institution between 2018 and 2022. A total of 103 PAP flaps in 88 patients were included. Statistical analysis was performed to compare outcomes between flaps with one vein anastomosis and those with two vein anastomoses. Patient characteristics, intra and postoperative parameters were analysed.ResultsOne vein anastomosis was used in 36 flaps (35.0%), whereas two vein anastomoses were used in 67 flaps (65.0%). No significant differences were found in patient characteristics between the one vein and two vein groups. The comparison of ischemia times between flaps with one versus two veins revealed no statistically significant difference, with mean ischemia times of 56.2 ± 36.8 min and 58.7 ± 33.0 min, respectively. Regarding outcomes, there were no statistically significant differences in secondary lipofilling, revision of vein anastomosis, or total flap loss between the two groups. Fat necrosis was observed in 5 (13.9%) one vein flaps and 5 (7.5%) two vein flaps, indicating no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = .313). In the one vein group, the most frequently employed coupler ring had a diameter of 2.5 mm. In the two vein group, the most prevalent combination consisted of a 2.0 mm diameter with a 2.5 mm diameter.ConclusionBased on our study results, both one vein anastomosis and two vein anastomoses are viable options for breast reconstruction with PAP flap. The utilization of either one or two veins did not significantly affect ischemia time or flap loss. Fat necrosis exhibited a higher incidence in the single‐vein group; however, this difference was also not statistically significant. These findings underscore the effectiveness of both approaches, providing surgeons with flexibility in tailoring their surgical techniques based on patient‐specific considerations and anatomical factors.
Dietary Hemin Remodels Gut Microbiota and Mediates Tissue Inflammation and Injury in the Small Intestine
Authors: Li Qian , Ke Weixin , Jiang Shuai , Zhang Miao , Shan Kai , Li Chunbao 
Published: April 2024

ScopeEpidemiological studies have linked excessive red and processed meat intake to gut disorders. Under laboratory conditions, high heme content is considered the primary health risk factor for red meat. However, heme in meat is present in myoglobin, which is an indigestible protein, suggesting the different functions between myoglobin and heme. This study aims to explore how dietary myoglobin and heme affect gut health and microbiota differently.Methods and resultsHistological and biochemical assessments as well as 16S rRNA sequencing are performed. Moderate myoglobin intake (equivalent to the recommended intake of 150 g meat per day for human) has beneficial effects on the duodenal barrier. However, a too high myoglobin diet (equivalent to intake of 3000 g meat per day for human) triggers duodenum injury and alters the microbial community. The hemin diet destroys intestinal tissue and ileal microbiota more significantly. The in vitro experiments further confirm that free heme exhibits high toxicity to beneficial gut bacteria while myoglobin promotes the growth and metabolism of Limosilactobacillus reuteri.ConclusionModerate intake of myoglobin or hemin is beneficial to intestinal health and microbiota, but too high amounts lead to tissue inflammation and injury in the small intestine by reshaping ileal microbiota.
A method to enhance the accuracy of radio frequency power measurements in particle accelerator high‐frequency systems
Authors: Fanjian Zeng , Liepeng Sun , Longbo Shi , Kean Jin , Liang Lu , Wei Ma , Guirong Huang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis letter presents a method for accurately calculating radio frequency (RF) power in a standing wave transmission line system. The proposed approach utilizes two directional couplers in conjunction with a low‐level radio frequency control system. RF power is determined through the application of proposed equations derived from amplitude and phase measurements of coupling signals obtained from the two directional couplers. Experimental validation of the method is conducted using two directional couplers with directivities of 26 and 28 dB, respectively, operating at 162.5 MHz across the entire wavelength. Results indicate that employing a single directional coupler yields average power errors of approximately 6.6% and 5.8%, respectively. However, by implementing the proposed method, the measurement error can be reduced to approximately 1.0%.
A single ALS center experience with clinical use of sodium phenylbutyrate‐taurursodiol
Authors: Quinn Colin , Baer Michael , Amado Defne A. , Kelley Mary , Elman Lauren 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe aim of this study was to examine clinical utilization and discontinuation rates of sodium phenylbutyrate‐taurursodiol (PB‐TURSO) in a single Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) center. PB‐TURSO was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in September 2022. Prior experience has been limited to clinical trials or expanded access protocols. In this manuscript, we discuss insurance approval rates, patient uptake, and discontinuation of PB‐TURSO in a large academic center.MethodsRecords of patients seen for clinical visits between January 2022 and May 2023 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical characteristics of our clinic population and those initiating PB‐TURSO were obtained from our clinical database.ResultsA total of 228 patients were seen during the observation period and 122 requested PB‐TURSO prescriptions. 77% (94) were approved by insurance. 66% (65) of those who were approved or received free drug chose to start medication. 51% (34) of those who initiated PB‐TURSO continued to take it through the end of the observation period. Four patients discontinued due to death during the observation period. Of the 29 patients who survived and discontinued, the main reasons for discontinuation were GI symptoms (17, 58.6%) and taste (8, 29.6%).DiscussionPB‐TURSO was approved by insurance for most patients. The discontinuation rate was high and was driven largely by GI side effects and taste. Future considerations would include deeper examination of demographic trends, patient costs, side effects, and potential benefits in clinical practice.
m‐AGC tangent visco‐plastic operator with hardening/softening, and application to the visco‐plastic relaxation analysis of stable and unstable problems using fracture‐based geomechanical interfaces
Authors: Jaqués Irene , Carol Ignacio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA previous perfect visco‐plastic constitutive formulation of the Perzyna type incorporating the concepts of prescribed stress increments and m‐AGC tangent operator (m‐Assumed algorithmic generalized compliance tangent operator) is extended to the case of Hardening/Softening (H/S). This extension is possible thanks to the closed‐form solution developed for the evolution of the loading function during a visco‐plastic time step. The formulation is then applied to constitutive modeling of zero‐thickness interfaces on the basis of a well‐established fracture‐based elasto‐plastic formulation, which in this manner is extended to visco‐plasticity. The resulting model is implemented in the finite element (FE) and small‐strain context by using both a standard Newton Raphson scheme for physical visco‐plasticity in which visco‐plastic time corresponds to physical time, and a Visco‐Plastic Relaxation (VPR) scheme, in which time corresponds to a fictitious time governing the transition from the elastic to the inviscid elasto‐plastic response. The numerical implementation is verified satisfactorily for common loading cases at interfaces such as pure tension (mode I) opening and shear‐compression (mixed‐mode) cracking/sliding, showing that the visco‐plastic results match the predictions of the fracture mechanics inviscid model in the long term. In addition, it is also shown that the VPR strategy developed is capable of providing temporary stability while the equilibrium path is recovered during instability events such as a snap‐back in the load‐displacement curve. This feature opens the door to a number of potential advanced applications of the formulation developed in the geomechanical context.
Discovery of PSMA in the prostate of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Peters Diane E. , Brownlee Michael , Layne‐Colon Donna , Slusher Barbara S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundProstate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a biomarker and therapeutic target of high relevance in prostate cancer. Although upregulated PSMA expression is a well‐documented feature of prostatic neoplasia in both humans and canids, to date humans are the only species known to express PSMA basally in the prostate. Thus, traditional laboratory animal species have limited utility for studying PSMA biology in the prostate or for predicting efficacy or toxicity of PSMA‐targeted agents.MethodsPSMA expression in human, macaque, and marmoset prostates was determined by immunohistochemistry, employing an antibody with validated cross‐species reactivity in a PSMA‐positive control tissue; kidney.ResultsWe newly discover that the common marmoset endogenously expresses PSMA in non‐diseased prostate, similar to humans, and thus may be a valuable preclinical model for researchers studying PSMA.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout of a male accessory glands‐specific gene takeout1 decreases the fecundity of Zeugodacus cucurbitae female
Authors: Wang Yun , Xu Hui‐Qian , Han Hong‐Liang , Chen Dong , Jiang Hongbo , Smagghe Guy , Wang Jin‐Jun , Wei Dong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), is an invasive Tephritidae pest with robust fertility. The male accessory glands (MAGs) form a vital organ that ensures insect reproductive efficiency. Most of the secreted proteins by MAGs exhibit a male bias expression. Takeout, one of these proteins, is abundantly present in the MAGs of many insects.RESULTSIn this study, we identified 32 takeout genes in Z. cucurbitae. The phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment results showed that Zctakeout1 is the most related homolog to the MAGs‐specific takeout in Tephritidae. The real‐time quantitative PCR results showed that Zctakeout1 was exclusively expressed in the male adult stage, and its expression level gradually increased with the increase in age and then remained stable at the sexually matured stage. The distribution among tissues demonstrated the specific expression of Zctakeout1 in the MAGs, and fluorescence immunohistochemical results confirmed the presence of Zctakeout1 in close proximity to binuclear cells of the mesoderm epidermal MAGs. In continuation, CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing was employed, resulting in successfully generating a homozygous strain with an +8 bp insertion. The mating experiments with the Zctakeout1−/− males resulted in significant reductions in both the mating rate and egg production of females.CONCLUSIONThese findings prove that the MAGs‐specific Zctakeout1 is essential in regulating fecundity in female Z. cucurbitae fruit flies. Our data suggests its utilization in future essential insect‐specific gene‐directed sterility insect technique (SIT) by the genetic manipulation to keep these important Tephritidae populations under control. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Using eLearning to improve and retain the knowledge of community health workers in maternal and neonatal health in Rwanda: A cohort study
Authors: Sangwa Yves , Ndaruhutse Victor , Radeny Samson , Ndatimana Dieudonne , Niragire François , Rutayisire Erigene , Mukamana Beatrice , Uwamariya Josee , Kabanda Clovis , Nyirafaranga Angelique , Uzayisenga Marie Chantal , Kanakuze Chris Adrien , Gasamagera Jean Claude , Umunyana Jacqueline , Mazimpaka Christian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn Rwanda, community health workers (CHWs) serve a crucial function in providing community‐based maternal and neonatal health (CBMNH) services. However, limited access to continuous training affects their confidence and ability to execute their roles effectively. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of eLearning on enhancing and maintaining CHWs’ knowledge of CBMNH.MethodsThis cohort study, conducted from April to October 2021 in two Rwandan districts, evaluated knowledge acquisition and retention among 36 CHWs participating in an eLearning course. Knowledge scores were measured using a structured questionnaire administered pre‐training, post‐training and at a 6‐month follow‐up. Descriptive analysis and paired t‐tests were used to assess mean score differences.ResultsThere was improvement in CHWs’ performance scores following eLearning training, with an average increase from 86.5% to 98.2%. The improvement was sustained at a 6‐month follow‐up. Statistical significance was found between age category and CHWs’ pre‐ and post‐test performance (p = 0.01, p = 0.04 respectively), and between years of experience and pre‐test scores (p = 0.02).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that eLearning is an effective method for enhancing and retaining CHWs’ knowledge of CBMNH. The findings support the use of eLearning as a valuable strategy for strengthening the capacity of CHWs in Rwanda and other countries with similar contexts.
Evaluation of novel pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) derivatives as potential anti‐tuberculosis agents: An in silico investigation
Authors: Hossain Md. Shamim , Al Abbad Sanaa S. , Alsunaidi Zainab H. A. , Rahman Shofiur , Alodhayb Abdullah N. , Hossain Md. Mainul , Poirier Raymond A. , Uddin Kabir M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis investigation employed computational methodologies to assess the therapeutic potential of derivatives (1–16) of pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) as potential treatments for tuberculosis. Various computational techniques, including molecular dynamics simulation, molecular docking, density functional theory, and global chemical descriptors, were employed to analyze the interactions between the ligands and target proteins. Docking results indicated that ligands 6, 7, 8, and rifampin exhibited binding affinities of −8.4, −7.4, −9.2, and − 7.2 kcal mol−1, respectively, against mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (INHA), with ligand 8 demonstrating superior inhibition. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were utilized to assess the stability of protein‐ligand interactions. Remarkably, the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of the INHA‐ligand 8 complex remained minimal, with peak values at .40, .56, .37, and .50 nm at temperatures of 300, 305, 310, and 320 K, respectively. This suggests superior stability compared to the reference drug rifampin and INHA complex, which exhibited an RMSD range of .2 to .8 nm at 300 K. Furthermore, analysis using Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) revealed that the Egap value of ligand 8 (4.407 eV) is lower than all the reference drugs except rifampin. This comprehensive theoretical analysis positions ligand 8 as a promising candidate for anti‐tuberculosis drug development, underscoring the need for further exploration through in vitro and in vivo studies.
Measurement of Charge State Dynamics in Nitrogen−Vacancy Centers Based on Microwave‐Pulses‐Assisted Longitudinal Relaxations Balancing of Spin Qutrit
Authors: Li Mingxin , Yuan Heng , Bian Guodong , Fan Pengcheng , Wang Sixian , Shen Jihongbo , Geng Jianpei , Zhang Jixing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe nitrogen−vacancy (NV) center in diamond gains its versatility when negatively charged (NV−) but is mediocre when neutrally charged. Particularly, the charge states of NV centers are convertible under optical pumping and during the dark intervals, whose dynamics are mixed with the NV−s’ spin polarizations and relaxations, making them difficult to detect. Here, a microwave‐pulses‐assisted charge state dynamics (CSD) measurement method of NV centers in the dark time (DT) is proposed. The microwave pulses are designed to manipulate the populations of the NV−s’ ground state spin triplets (qutrit) to the equilibrium state before the DT. Thus, the longitudinal relaxations of the qutrit are balanced, and pure CSD can be detected. Interestingly, in an annealed bulk diamond, not only the traditional tunneling‐induced fast exponential CSD are observed, but also a slow and long‐term recharging process, which is probably attributed to the exchanging of the electrons between NV centers and the high‐energy‐level charge traps such as vacancy clusters. Furthermore, results demonstrate a 40% increase in NV−s’ contrast by properly extending the recharging DT. These results are significant for the in‐depth study of the NV centers’ CSD and can improve the sensing abilities of the NV− ensemble.
Recommencement of atezolizumab with associated pulmonary sarcoid‐like reaction
Authors: Tam Khai , Wallace Michael , Mulrennan Siobhain 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn 81 year old male with Child‐Pugh A cirrhosis and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with 3‐weekly atezolizumab and bevacizumab developed a pulmonary sarcoid‐like reaction (SLR) after 5 months. Atezolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, was identified as the likely culprit. He was treated with prednisolone, resulting in improvement, and was successfully rechallenged with both atezolizumab and bevacizumab.
Mineral changes in the rhizospheres of conifer plantations for a weathered subtropical soil
Authors: Hummes Ana P. , Inda Alberto V. , Olk Daniel C. , Bortoluzzi Edson C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTree species can have great impacts on soil. Since the rhizosphere is more responsive to external inputs than the surrounding bulk soil, we investigated the rhizosphere effect of the exotic slash pine and the native araucaria in long‐term conifer monocultures in southern Brazil. Araucaria trees in a natural section of a nearby mixed araucaria forest were taken as the control. We assessed physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of the underlying subtropical highly weathered soil. We did not find rhizosphere effects for most chemical and physical soil attributes, yet principal component analysis clearly distinguished the effects of the exotic and native conifers on rhizosphere properties by separating slash pine cluster from reforested and native araucaria clusters. Reductions in silt and sand contents under slash pine reforestation led to increases in clay and well‐crystallized iron oxides contents. The clay mineralogy comprised kaolinite, mica/illite, and hydroxy‐interlayered minerals, with kaolinite enrichment in the rhizospheres of both araucaria sites, mica/illite depletion in the rhizospheres of both araucaria and pine monocultures, and prevalence of well‐crystallized iron oxyhydroxides in the slash pine rhizosphere. This study demonstrates a tendency toward increasing soil weathering in the conifer monocultures, potential negative impacts of the faster growing slash pine reforestation on soil organic carbon, available P, and total K possibly by mica/illite depletion, while araucaria had lower impacts on soil properties. These results show long‐term potential loss of soil fertility and quality, which should be considered when monitoring soil changes in human modified ecosystems.