bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of microsomal epoxide hydrolase in methamphetamine‐induced drug dependence in mice
Authors: Shin Eun‐Joo , Bing Guoying , Chae Jong Seok , Kim Tae Woo , Bach Jae‐Hyung , Park Dae Hun , Yamada Kiyofumi , Nabeshima Toshitaka , Kim Hyoung‐Chun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMicrosomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) and cytochrome P‐450 (CYP) ensure the rapid detoxification of epoxides generated during the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Although CYP has been demonstrated to modulate methamphetamine (METH)‐induced behavioral effects, little is known about the role of the mEH gene on these effects. We examined the role of mEH gene expression in METH‐induced conditioned place preference and behavioral sensitization by using mEH–/–and wild‐type (WT) mice. Extracellular dopamine (DA) levels and DA uptake into synaptosomes were assessed by using an in vivo microdialysis and [3H]DA uptake assay. We applied double‐label immunocytochemistry to characterize mEH‐positive cellular types. METH‐induced behavioral responses paralleled striatal c‐Fos‐like immunoreactivity. METH treatment resulted in increased extracellular DA levels in the nucleus accumbens but decreased synaptosomal DA uptake in the striatum. These behavioral and neurochemical changes were more pronounced in the mEH–/–mice than in WT mice. In WT mice, mEH‐like immunoreactivity was expressed in astrocytes labeled by GFAP or S100B after METH treatment. The results suggest that epoxide intermediates mediate METH drug dependence and that astrocytic reactions of mEH protein are important in the endogenous modulation in response to METH drug dependence. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atrophy and neuron loss: Effects of a protein‐deficient diet on sympathetic neurons
Authors: Gomes Silvio Pires , Nyengaard Jens Randel , Misawa Rúbia , Girotti Priscila Azevedo , Castelucci Patrìcia , Blazquez Francisco Hernandez Javier , de Melo Mariana Pereira , Ribeiro Antonio Augusto Coppi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractProtein deficiency is one of the biggest public health problems in the world, accounting for about 30–40% of hospital admissions in developing countries. Nutritional deficiencies lead to alterations in the peripheral nervous system and in the digestive system. Most studies have focused on the effects of protein‐deficient diets on the enteric neurons, but not on sympathetic ganglia, which supply extrinsic sympathetic input to the digestive system. Hence, in this study, we investigated whether a protein‐restricted diet would affect the quantitative structure of rat coeliac ganglion neurons. Five male Wistar rats (undernourished group) were given a pre‐ and postnatal hypoproteinic diet receiving 5% casein, whereas the nourished group (n = 5) was fed with 20% casein (normoproteinic diet). Blood tests were carried out on the animals, e.g., glucose, leptin, and triglyceride plasma concentrations. The main structural findings in this study were that a protein‐deficient diet (5% casein) caused coeliac ganglion (78%) and coeliac ganglion neurons (24%) to atrophy and led to neuron loss (63%). Therefore, the fall in the total number of coeliac ganglion neurons in protein‐restricted rats contrasts strongly with no neuron losses previously described for the enteric neurons of animals subjected to similar protein‐restriction diets. Discrepancies between our figures and the data for enteric neurons (using very similar protein‐restriction protocols) may be attributable to the counting method used. In light of this, further systematic investigations comparing 2‐D and 3‐D quantitative methods are warranted to provide even more advanced data on the effects that a protein‐deficient diet may exert on sympathetic neurons. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of α5 integrin rescues fibronectin responsiveness in NT2N CNS neuronal cells
Authors: Meland Marit N. , Herndon Mary E. , Stipp Christopher S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe extracellular matrix protein fibronectin is implicated in neuronal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. In the central nervous system (CNS), fibronectin is up‐regulated at sites of penetrating injuries and stroke; however, CNS neurons down‐regulate the fibronectin receptor α5β1 integrin during differentiation and generally respond poorly to fibronectin. NT2N CNS neuron‐like cells (derived from NT2 precursor cells) have been used in preclinical and clinical studies for treatment of stroke and a variety of CNS injury and disease models. Here we show that, like primary CNS neurons, NT2N cells down‐regulate α5β1 integrin during differentiation and respond poorly to fibronectin. The poor neurite outgrowth by NT2N cells on fibronectin can be rescued by transducing NT2 precursors with a retroviral vector expressing α5 integrin under the control of the murine stem cell virus 5′ long terminal repeat. Sustained α5 integrin expression is compatible with the CNS‐like neuronal differentiation of NT2N cells and does not prevent robust neurite outgrowth on other integrin ligands. Thus, α5 integrin expression in CNS neuronal precursor cells may provide a strategy for enhancing the outgrowth and survival of implanted cells in cell‐replacement therapies for CNS injury and disease. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increments of α‐dystroglycan expression in liver metastasis correlate with poor survival in gastric cancer
Authors: Moon Yong Wha , Rha Sun Young , Zhang Xianglan , Jeung Hei‐Cheul , Yang Woo Ick , Kwon Obin , Jeong Jae Heon , Cheon Sung Hah , Yoo Nae Choon , Chung Hyun Cheol 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundDystroglycan (DG) is a recently focused adhesion molecule with possible roles in cancer development and progression. We investigated correlations between α‐DG expression and prognosis in gastric carcinoma with liver metastasis.MethodsFor 40 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and liver‐only metastasis, α‐DG expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in paraffin‐embedded surgical specimens of resected stomach tumor, resected liver metastasis, and their normal counterpart tissues. Correlations between α‐DG expression and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed.Resultsα‐DG expression was higher in primary gastric cancer (P = 0.006) and lower in liver metastasis (P = 0.002) than in each normal counterpart. In primary stomach cancer, patients who had lower α‐DG expression in tumors than in normal counterparts showed poor overall survival (OS) (P = 0.028). In contrast, in the liver, patients who had higher α‐DG expression in tumors than in normal counterparts showed poor OS (P = 0.022). Also, higher α‐DG expression in liver metastasis than in stomach tumors led to poor recurrence‐free survival (P = 0.023) and OS (P = 0.056).ConclusionsThis approach may be used to further understanding of the pathogenesis of liver metastasis from gastric cancer. Further studies are warranted to reveal the mechanisms of α‐DG dysregulation in liver metastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:459–465. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Update on endoscopic management of lingual thyroglossal duct cysts
Authors: Burkart Collin M. , Richter Gresham T. , Rutter Michael J. , Myer Charles M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDC) are uncommon congenital midline neck masses arising from tubal remnants of embryologic thyroid descent. A rare variant of TGDC can present in the central tongue base and is named lingual TGDC (LTGDC). Left untreated, LTGDC may present with life‐threatening airway obstruction. TGDC require surgery for cure; however, the surgical approach to LTGDC has not been discussed fully. This study was designed to examine the incidence, clinical features, and surgical management of LTGDC.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Retrospective chart review of patients from a pediatric tertiary care institution diagnosed with lingual TGDC from 1997 to 2008.Results:One hundred eighty‐nine patients underwent surgical excision of TGDC, of which 16 (8.5%; mean age, 3 years) presented with lingual TGDC alone. Most lingual TGDC were discovered incidentally, although seven patients (44%) presented with moderate to severe upper airway obstruction. Endoscopic transoral excision was performed in each case. This included suspension laryngoscopy with electrocautery, electrocautery, and cold dissection, or a combination of microdebridement and electrocautery. Most patients were intubated electively overnight for airway protection. All patients recovered without complication and have shown no evidence of recurrence (median follow‐up, 3.7 years). Two LTGDC cases were revisions of prior surgeries (marsupialization and an open procedure) performed at outside hospitals.Conclusions:Although rare, LTGDC frequently present as a prominent tongue base mass with the potential of life‐threatening airway obstruction. Herein we described the typical presentation, workup, and ideal surgical approach of these lesions. Complete surgical extirpation can be performed successfully with endoscopic techniques and minimal risk of complication or recurrence. Laryngoscope, 2009
Electrogustometric assessment of taste after otologic surgery in children
Authors: Leung Randy M. , Ramsden James , Gordon Karen , Allemang Brooke , Harrison Brittany J. , Papsin Blake C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Long term taste dysfunction after otologic surgery has never been characterized in children. The aim of this study is to determine the rates of gustatory dysfunction in normal and postotologic surgery in children.Study Design:Cross‐sectional study.Methods:One hundred sixty children visiting a tertiary pediatric otolaryngology clinic, 4 to 18 years of age, were recruited. Surgical groups included patients who had undergone tympanoplasty, combined approach mastoidectomy, modified radical mastoidectomy, and unilateral and bilateral cochlear implantation. They were then tested using a Rion TR‐06 electrogustometer (Sensonics, Inc., Haddon Heights, NJ) using a standardized protocol to assess chorda tympani nerve function. An abnormal gustometry result was defined as any recording of ≥16 dB or a difference of 6 dB between ears.Results:The control group had a 9% (5/61) abnormal electrogustometric threshold rate. Rates of dysfunction after surgery were: tympanoplasty (27%, 4/15), combined approach mastoidectomy (30%, 11/29), modified radical mastoidectomy (50%, 4/8). Unilateral cochlear implantation yielded a 26% (7/27) per ear risk of dysfunction, whereas bilateral cochlear implantation had a 5% (2/40) per ear risk.Conclusions:There is a 9% baseline level of electrogustometric abnormality in the pediatric population, which suggests a subclinical level of gustatory dysfunction. Normal electrogustometry was found in 50% of children after modified radical mastoidectomy, suggesting a degree of neural regenerative capacity. Finally, cochlear implantation, using newer surgical techniques (in the bilateral cochlear implant group) has a low risk for causing gustatory dysfunction, reducing concerns over the safety profile of bilateral cochlear implantation. Laryngoscope, 2009
Spherical whispering‐gallery‐mode microresonators
Authors: Chiasera A. , Dumeige Y. , Féron P. , Ferrari M. , Jestin Y. , Nunzi Conti G. , Pelli S. , Soria S. , Righini G.C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWhispering‐gallery modes (WGM) on a spherical surface were first described by Lord Rayleigh at the beginning of the last century, but only after the invention of laser did they start to have some scientific relevance and only during the last two decades there has been a substantial move towards real devices and practical applications. WGM resonators have peculiar properties, the most notable being the potential of having an ultrahigh quality factor Q, which makes them very appealing both as laser cavities and as extremely sensitive sensors. Among the different types of WGM resonators, the microspherical ones represent a very important category, due to their simplicity, easy fabrication, and very high quality. In this review we provide a description of their fundamental properties and we summarize recent works on their application as filters, sensors and lasers.
Numerische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Herstellung von stranggepressten Aluminium/Magnesium‐Werkstoffverbunden und zur Festigkeit des Interface
Authors: Kittner K. , Awiszus B. , Lehmann T. , Stockmann M. , Naumann J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDas Teilprojekt B3 des SFB 692 hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, Aluminium/Magnesium‐Verbunde hinsichtlich seiner mechanischen Festigkeitseigenschaften und bruchmechanischen Kenngrößen zu analysieren. Des Weiteren soll die entstandene Grenzschicht in einem numerischen Modell abgebildet werden.Im folgenden Artikel werden die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse des Teilprojektes dargelegt. Es wurden verschiedene Faktoren untersucht, welche die Eigenschaften der Grenzschicht beeinflussen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Verbundqualität und die Festigkeit der Grenzschicht von einer Reihe von Größen abhängen, die maßgeblich im Prozess der Halbzeugherstellung, dem hydrostatischen und indirekten Strangpressen, begründet sind. Wird eine qualitativ einwandfreie Grenzschicht zwischen beiden Verbundpartnern erzeugt, weist dieses Interface eine hohe Festigkeit auf. Darüber hinaus wird gezeigt, wie sich die Verbunde in verschiedenen Temperaturbereichen unter Belastung verhalten. Des Weiteren wird das Versagensverhalten des Verbundes numerisch abgebildet.
Untersuchungen zur Festigkeit von Schrauben aus ultrafeinkörnigem und konventionellem Aluminiumwerkstoff EN AW‐7075
Authors: Lang H. , Brůžek B. , Leidich E. , Bürkner G. , Teucher A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEs werden Ergebnisse von Festigkeits‐ und Bruchuntersuchungen an Aluminiumschrauben mit gewalztem Gewinde aus EN AW‐7075, Nenngröße M6 bei quasistatischer und Schwingbeanspruchung mit vergleichsweise hohen Mittelspannungen vorgestellt. Den Untersuchungen lagen Schrauben mit gewöhnlicher Korngröße und Schrauben aus ultrafeinkörnigem, durch Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) erzeugtem Werkstoff, zugrunde. Obwohl die Zugfestigkeit bei beiden Korngrößen ähnliche ist, erreicht die Schwingfestigkeit des ultrafeinkörnigen Werkstoffs nach den vorliegenden Untersuchungen nicht die Schwingfestigkeit des Werkstoffes mit gewöhnlicher Korngröße. Mittels eines modifizierten Treppenstufenverfahrens wurde für die Schrauben mit gewöhnlicher Korngröße eine Dauerfestigkeitsamplitude von 23 MPa ermittelt. Weiterhin wird das Bruchverhalten der Aluminiumschrauben diskutiert.
Target Costing für Werkstoffe – Potenziale und Methodik
Authors: Götze U. , Weber Th. , Linke C. , Schmidt A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDas Target Costing – in der Betriebswirtschaftslehre ein Standardinstrument des Kostenmanagement – findet in der wirtschaftlich orientierten Literatur zu den Werkstoffwissenschaften bisher kaum Erwähnung. Dabei bestehen auch für die Entwickler, Hersteller oder Verwender von Werkstoffen große Potentiale im Hinblick auf die Sicherung bzw. Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit. Daran setzt der vorliegende Beitrag an. In diesem werden zunächst diese Potentiale eines werkstoffbezogenen Target Costing herausgearbeitet. Dann wird aufgezeigt, wie die allgemeine Methodik des Target Costing aus der Sicht von Werkstoffverwendern einerseits und Werkstoffentwicklern/‐herstellern andererseits zu modifizieren ist, um den Besonderheiten von Werkstoffen gerecht zu werden.
Endbearbeitung von Aluminiummatrix‐Verbundwerkstoffen durch Drehen
Authors: Schubert A. , Nestler A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAluminiummatrix‐Verbundwerkstoffe bestehen aus einer vergleichsweise weichen und zähen Matrixlegierung und einer darin in Form von Fasern, Partikeln oder Whiskern eingebetteten keramischen Verstärkungskomponente hoher Härte. Die stark unterschiedlichen Charakteristika der Bestandteile eines Verbundwerkstoffs ermöglichen einerseits über die Auswahl der Komponenten sowie deren Mengenverhältnis die gezielte Einstellung gewünschter Kombinationen von Materialeigenschaften, führen andererseits aber bei der spanenden Bearbeitung zu ständig wechselnden Beanspruchungen der Werkzeugschneide. Als besonders problematisch erweist sich bei der spanenden Endbearbeitung derartiger Bauteile neben dem hohen Werkzeugverschleiß die Schädigung der Werkstückoberfläche durch herausgerissene oder zertrümmerte Partikel. Die prozesssichere Erzeugung einer fehlerarmen Oberfläche mit geringer Rauheit stellt folglich hohe Anforderungen an den Schneidstoff, die Werkzeuggeometrie sowie die Zerspanungsparameter. Zur Erzielung möglichst langer Standzeiten kommt bei den Forschungsarbeiten der hochharte Schneidstoff CVD‐Diamant (chemische Gasphasenabscheidung = CVD) in Form von Wendeschneidplattenbestückungen zur Anwendung. Auf der Basis von Versuchen zur Bearbeitung partikelverstärkter Aluminiummatrix‐Verbundwerkstoffe durch Drehen wird das Potenzial von Spanleitstufen sowie einer besonderen Schneideneckengestaltung zur Verbesserung der Bauteiloberfläche unter Berücksichtigung des Vorschubs, einer wesentlichen Einflussgröße, dargestellt.
Cardiac phenotyping in ex vivo murine embryos using µMRI
Authors: Cleary Jon O. , Price Anthony N. , Thomas David L. , Scambler Peter J. , Kyriakopoulou Vanessa , McCue Karen , Schneider Jürgen E. , Ordidge Roger J. , Lythgoe Mark F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMicroscopic MRI (µMRI) is an emerging technique for high‐throughput phenotyping of transgenic mouse embryos, and is capable of visualising abnormalities in cardiac development. To identify cardiac defects in embryos, we have optimised embryo preparation and MR acquisition parameters to maximise image quality and assess the phenotypic changes in chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding protein 7 (Chd7) transgenic mice. µMRI methods rely on tissue penetration with a gadolinium chelate contrast agent to reduce tissue T1, thus improving signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in rapid gradient echo sequences. We investigated 15.5 days post coitum (dpc) wild‐type CD‐1 embryos fixed in gadolinium‐diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA) solutions for either 3 days (2 and 4 mM) or 2 weeks (2, 4, 8 and 16 mM). To assess penetration of the contrast agent into heart tissue and enable image contrast simulations, T1 and T were measured in heart and background agarose. Compared to 3‐day, 2‐week fixation showed reduced mean T1 in the heart at both 2 and 4 mM concentrations (p < 0.0001), resulting in calculated signal gains of 23% (2 mM) and 29% (4 mM). Using T1 and T values from 2‐week concentrations, computer simulation of heart and background signal, and ex vivo 3D gradient echo imaging, we demonstrated that 2‐week fixed embryos in 8 mM Gd‐DTPA in combination with optimised parameters (TE/TR/α/number of averages: 9 ms/20 ms/60°/7) produced the largest SNR in the heart (23.2 ± 1.0) and heart chamber contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) (27.1 ± 1.6). These optimised parameters were then applied to an MRI screen of embryos heterozygous for the gene Chd7, implicated in coloboma of the eye, heart defects, atresia of the choanae, retardation of growth, genital/urinary abnormalities, ear abnormalities and deafness (CHARGE) syndrome (a condition partly characterised by cardiovascular birth defects in humans). A ventricular septal defect was readily identified in the screen, consistent with the human phenotype. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Boston Middle School‐Corner Store Initiative: Development, implementation, and initial evaluation of a program designed to improve adolescents' beverage‐purchasing behaviors
Authors: Hoffman Jessica A. , Morris Vivien , Cook John 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe Boston Middle School Corner Store Initiative (CSI) brought together schools, businesses, and community partners to develop, implement, and evaluate a multicomponent pilot program designed to promote healthier beverage purchasing at corner stores among 3,500 middle school students living in Boston, Massachusetts. Healthy drinks were defined for the purpose of this initiative as plain water, low‐fat and fat‐free milk, and 100% fruit juice. To accomplish the goals of the CSI, partnerships between middle schools and nearby corner stores in support of healthy beverage choices were formed; a social marketing plan aimed at middle school students was developed; local corner stores and schools engaged in the social marketing plan; school‐based educational and motivational components were implemented; and parents were provided with information about the campaign. The purpose of this article is to describe the: (1) design and implementation of the CSI with a focus on developing relationships across the varied partners (i.e., school, business, and community/researchers); (2) initial process and outcome evaluation data of this pilot study; and (3) lessons learned and directions for future replication and program development. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of behavioral weight control intervention on binge eating symptoms among overweight adolescents
Authors: Mehlenbeck Robyn S. , Jelalian Elissa , Lloyd‐Richardson Elizabeth E. , Hart Chantelle N. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study examined change in binge eating symptoms reported by moderately overweight adolescents following participation in a behavioral weight control intervention. A total of 194 adolescents across two randomized controlled trials participated. Adolescents in both study samples endorsed a mild level of binge eating symptoms at baseline. Results from both Study 1 and Study 2 indicated a significant reduction in binge eating symptoms following participation in a 16‐week weight control intervention, F(1,60) = 9.43, p < .01 and F(1,98) = 20.98, p < .01, respectively. Several significant relationships between measures of self‐concept and binge eating symptoms were noted, with lower self‐concept scores related to higher binge eating symptoms scores at baseline. Changes in binge eating symptoms were also related to changes in physical appearance self‐concept, global self‐concept, and physical self‐worth at the end of the intervention. In conclusion, findings from this study support an emerging body of evidence suggesting that dietary restriction, as practiced through participation in a weight control intervention, leads to a reduction in binge eating symptoms among overweight adolescents. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlates and suspected causes of obesity in children
Authors: Crothers Laura M. , Kehle Thomas J. , Bray Melissa A. , Theodore Lea A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe correlates and suspected causes of the intractable condition obesity are complex and involve environmental and heritable, psychological and physical variables. Overall, the factors associated with and possible causes of it are not clearly understood. Although there exists some ambiguity in the research regarding the degree of happiness in children with obesity, treatments that promote the child's psychological wellness and happiness should continue to be examined relating to promoting enduring weight reduction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.