bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Bicyclic Polyselenium Cation Se102+ in the Structure of Se10[Bi4Cl14]
Authors: Beck Johannes , Eck Steffen J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the ternary system Se/Bi/Cl a new polycation containing phase besides the already known Se4[Bi4Cl14], Se8[Bi4Cl14], and Se10[Bi5Cl17] was discovered. Red, transparent, plate shaped crystals of Se10[Bi4Cl14] were formed by reaction of Se/SeCl4/BiCl3 in 15:1:8 molar ratio in evacuated glass ampoules applying a temperature gradient from 90 to 80 °C. The crystal structure consists of bicyclic Se102+ cations and of layered chloridobismutate anions with the cations located between the anionic planes. The atoms of the cation form a six membered ring with a Se4 chain bridging over the 1,4 positions of the Se6 ring. The anions are made up of BiCl7 polyhedra connected by common edges to layers all contain an anion of identical formula and two‐dimensional connectivity, but these polymeric chloridobismutates are not isostructural. The structural differences are discussed on basis of the different topologies of the nets made up by the bismuth atoms.
Ileocecal Strictureplasty for Crohn’s Disease: Long‐Term Results and Comparison with Ileocecal Resection
Authors: Tonelli Francesco , Fazi Marilena , Di Martino Carmela 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to evaluate strictureplasty as the first choice for surgical treatment for Crohn’s terminal ileitis.MethodsBetween 1996 and 2000 we performed Finney‐shaped ileocecal strictureplasty (ICS), doubling up the diseased terminal ileum, in 14 patients affected by Crohn’s disease (group A). We compared the postoperative and long‐term outcomes of these patients with those of 14 similar patients who underwent ileocecal resection with ileocolonic anastomosis during the same period (group B).ResultsNo postoperative morbidity or mortality was recorded in group A, whereas two patients of group B had a pelvic hematoma and cholestatic hepatopathy, respectively. The mean hospital stay after surgery was 9.9 days (range 7–13 days) in group A and 7.4 days (range 6–10 days) in group B. After a median follow‐up of 120 months (range 103–147 months), five patients of group A had a symptomatic recurrence: A stricture at the site of the ICS was present in four of them, but only one required surgery; symptoms were controlled by medical therapy in the other three. The fifth symptomatic patient was reoperated for multiple jejunoileal recurrence of the disease above the ICS. Group B patients have been followed for a mean of 108 months (range 90–140 months). Four of the patients had a preanastomotic recurrence, with subocclusive symptoms and mild malnutrition treated with medical therapy.ConclusionsOur results indicate that there are no significant differences between ICS and resection in terms of outcome and clinical relapse of Crohn’s terminal ileitis.
Optic nerve head drusen: a case of false-positive papilledema discovered by ocular ultrasound in the emergency department
Authors: Rifenburg Robert P. , Williams Joseph J. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Case report
A 15-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) from her optometrists office for further evaluation of reported papilledema. The patient was otherwise asymptomatic. A CT scan was performed in the ED which showed calcification of the optic nerve. A bedside ultrasound was also performed which confirmed the presence of optic nerve calcification in both eyes. The patient was discharged with a diagnosis of optic nerve head drusen and instructed to follow- up with her ophthalmologist for continued monitoring of the drusen.

Discussion
Optic nerve drusen are generally benign lesions associated with pseudopapilledema which may be associated with peripheral field visual defects. Management for this condition in most cases consists of routine ophthalmologic monitoring. There is no definitive treatment for this entity.
Associations among measures of awareness of cognitive deficits in dementia
Authors: Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Spitznagel Mary B. , Alosco Michael L. , Tremont Geoffrey 
Published: July 2010

BackgroundAwareness of deficits is a complex phenomenon. In this study, we examined the relationships among various measures of awareness of cognitive deficits in dementia, and investigated the unique association between clinician ratings and alternative approaches to assessing awareness.MethodsParticipants included 108 patients with very mild (n = 50) or mild (n = 58) dementia. Awareness of cognitive difficulties was assessed by clinician ratings, informant ratings, patients' reports of cognitive difficulties, discrepancies between patients' and informants' reports of cognitive difficulties, and patients' perceptions of performance on neuropsychological tests. Correlational analyses were used to assess associations among these measures of awareness, and ordinal logistic regression was used to examine the unique relationship between clinician ratings of awareness and the other approaches.ResultsAll measures of awareness were significantly correlated with one another. Coefficients ranged from 0.26 to −0.64. Patients categorized as unaware by either clinicians or informants reported fewer cognitive difficulties. Of the awareness measures evaluated, clinician ratings had the strongest correlation with measures of global cognition. In the regression analysis, only informant global ratings and patients' reports of cognitive difficulties were significantly associated with clinician ratings. The model's classification accuracy was satisfactory for patients in the “intact awareness” and “severe unawareness” categories, but not for those in the “mild unawareness” category.ConclusionsAlthough measures of awareness likely share overlapping variance, they are not interchangeable. Each potentially elucidates unique aspects of the complex phenomenon of awareness, with clinician assessment being the most suited for ambiguous cases. When clinician assessment is not feasible, informant rating (but not patient‐informant discrepancy) would be a valid substitute.
First taxonomic description of multivalvulidan myxosporean parasites from elasmobranchs: Kudoa hemiscylli n.sp. and Kudoa carcharhini n.sp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulidae)
Authors: GLEESON R. J. , BENNETT M. B. , ADLARD R. D. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYMyxosporean parasites are significant parasites of fishes not only for their apparent high diversity but also for their potential impact on fish health and/or marketability. Regardless, our knowledge of most myxosporeans, especially those found in elasmobranch hosts, is superficial. A study of multivalvulidan diversity in a range of elasmobranchs from Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern Territory (Australia) was conducted to address this knowledge gap. Specimens were collected from a total of 3 orders, 9 families and 31 species of elasmobranchs. Myxosporean infections referable to the genus Kudoa were discovered in host muscle and characterized morphologically and genetically. Both small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences were used in molecular phylogenetic analyses. Kudoa spp. infected 27 of the 31 species of elasmobranchs examined, representing new records of this parasite genus in 26, of the 27, host species. Kudoids were observed in all 3 orders, and 7 out of the 9 families of elasmobranchs investigated. This paper reports the first 2 multivalvulidan species to be formally described from elasmobranchs, Kudoa hemiscylli n.sp. characterized from Hemiscyllium ocellatum (and 8 other host species) and Kudoa carcharhini n. sp. characterized from Carcharhinus cautus (and 2 other host species). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that kudoids from elasmobranchs form a separate lineage to those of teleosts, but are anchored within the overall kudoid clade.
Low levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and reduced suppression of Th2-mediated inflammation in hyperreactive human onchocerciasis
Authors: KORTEN S. , HOERAUF A. , KAIFI J. T. , BÜTTNER D. W. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYTh2-biased inflammation with eosinophilia and IgE production is a hallmark of helminth infections. It is pronounced in hyperreactive onchocerciasis patients (‘sowda’ or ‘local form’), who efficiently kill microfilariae resulting in severe dermatitis and lymphadenitis. In contrast, hyporeactive patients (‘generalised form’) tolerate high microfilarial loads. This is thought to be mediated by regulatory CD4+ T cells and macrophages producing suppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). We investigated whether hyperreactivity was reflected by lower local TGF-β production, analysing stable latent TGF-β1 expression in onchocercomas, lymph nodes and skin from hyperreactive and hyporeactive patients by immunohistochemistry. TGF-β expression was compared with that of IgE, IgG1, IgG4, and the antigen-presenting, CD4+ T cell-inducing MHC class II molecule HLA-DR. TGF-β was weakly and less frequently expressed by various cell types in onchocercomas, skin and lymph nodes from hyperreactive compared to hyporeactive patients. This applied to reactions around living and dead adult worms as well as dead microfilariae. Antigen-presenting cells strongly expressed HLA-DR in both forms, but their numbers were reduced in hyperreactive nodules. Plasma cells produced more IgE and IgG1, but less of the anti-inflammatory antibody IgG4 in hyperreactive onchocercomas. In conclusion, hyperreactivity is linked with reduced local expression of TGF-β, HLA-DR and IgG4, which might contribute to the insufficient down-regulation of inflammation via TGF-β- and HLA-DR-induced regulatory lymphocytes.
Income, Deprivation and Poverty: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: BERTHOUD RICHARD , BRYAN MARK 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIndices of material deprivation are of increasing interest in Britain and the EU as potential markers of poverty, as an alternative, or complement, to measures of low income. This is the first panel regression analysis of the relationship between households' incomes and deprivation scores over time. We show a close underlying link (people with long-term low incomes report long-term deprivation), but only a weak dynamic link (people whose income increases do not always report a commensurate fall in deprivation). The implications for poverty measurement are important both to academic analysts and to policy-makers.
Development of an individual-based model for polioviruses: implications of the selection of network type and outcome metrics
Authors: RAHMANDAD H. , HU K. , TEBBENS R. J. DUINTJER , THOMPSON K. M. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe developed an individual-based (IB) model to explore the stochastic attributes of state transitions, the heterogeneity of the individual interactions, and the impact of different network structure choices on the poliovirus transmission process in the context of understanding the dynamics of outbreaks. We used a previously published differential equation-based model to develop the IB model and inputs. To explore the impact of different types of networks, we implemented a total of 26 variations of six different network structures in the IB model. We found that the choice of network structure plays a critical role in the model estimates of cases and the dynamics of outbreaks. This study provides insights about the potential use of an IB model to support policy analyses related to managing the risks of polioviruses and shows the importance of assumptions about network structure.
Economic analysis of experimental organic agricultural systems on a highly eroded soil of the Georgia Piedmont, USA
Authors: Jacobsen K.L. , Escalante C.L. , Jordan C.F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInformation about the costs and labor requirements of experimental organic farming systems designed to restore highly degraded soils in the southeastern US are needed. Enterprise budgets were prepared for the production of okra, hot pepper and a corn/winter squash intercrop under 10 different production systems, nine of which were based on organic conservation tillage. A stochastic dominance analysis was conducted to determine the relative risk efficiency of the 10 systems over the course of the experiment in terms of productivity, profitability and carbon sequestration potential. Organic conservation tillage treatments had lower tractor labor and fuel costs than conventional treatments, due to the extensive tillage required in conventional vegetable farming. The subset of organic treatments receiving compost addition without additional mulches also demonstrated increases in soil carbon, an important driver of system productivity. Organic treatments had little pest and pathogen pressure, with the exception ofFusariumwilt in some treatments receiving straw mulch. Weed suppression by straw mulches reduced labor requirements by an average of 23%. Yields in all treatments were lower than conventional yields from other studies in the region, due to the degraded nature of the soil on the study site. However, net returns on high-labor, organic crops were over US$30,000 ha−1in some treatments. The results of this work indicate that organic, conservation tillage systems can restore soil productivity and command high returns per hectare if labor requirements can be met.
Police Referrals to a Psychiatric Hospital: Indicators for Referral and Psychiatric Outcome
Authors: Meadows Graham , Calder Greg , van Den Bos Hans 
Published: July 2010

Studies of police psychiatric referrals in the USA and the UK generally show these patients to be ill and in need of care. There are, however, no published Australian studies and such findings may not be validly generalised. This prospective study of consecutive police psychiatric referrals in Adelaide reports psychiatric assessment in 92 cases and observations by police in 69 of these, with no evidence of selection bias. The most common reason for referral was threat of self harm (28%). Mental illness was deemed to be present in 49% and the most common clinical description was “situational crisis” (29%). Schizophrenia was diagnosed in 18%. Clinicians viewed 19% of referrals as inappropriate. Increased relative odds for mental illness were associated with police accounts of psychotic symptoms, and decreased odds with threat of self harm and violence. Increased odds for admission were associated with language difficulties and damage to own property, decreased odds with threat to others, threat of suicide, and threat to self injury. There were 14 cases where possible charges were not being pursued: of these 7 were regarded as ill and 4 were regarded as inappropriate referrals. The rates of major disorders are lower than in other published work. It is proposed that this can be explained by relative ease of referral by police to psychiatry and flexible acceptance criteria.
Oscillation properties of two term linear differential equations
Authors: Bogar G. A. 
Published: July 2010

The two term differential equations

L
n

[
y
]
+
p
y
=
0

{L_n}[y] + py = 0

, where

L
0

[
y
]
=
y
,

L
i

[
y
]
=
(

ρ
i

(
t
)

L
i

[
y
(
t
)
]

)
′

{L_0}[y] = y,{L_i}[y] = ({\rho _i}(t){L_i}[y(t)])’

, were recently studied by Z. Nehari. In this paper we give integral conditions which assure the integrability of

ρ
1

−
1

(
t
)
p
(
t
)

\rho _1^{ - 1}(t)p(t)

on

[
a
,
∞
)

[a,\infty )

when

L
n

[
y
]

{L_n}[y]

is disconjugate. By changing the integral conditions slightly we then prove that the equation has n linearly independent oscillatory solutions.
Weighted norm inequalities for singular and fractional integrals
Authors: Muckenhoupt Benjamin , Wheeden Richard L. 
Published: July 2010

Inequalities of the form

‖

|
x
|

α

T
f

‖

q

≦
C

‖

|
x
|

α

f

‖

p

{\left \| {{{\left | x \right |}^\alpha }Tf} \right \|_q} \leqq C{\left \| {{{\left | x \right |}^\alpha }f} \right \|_p}

are proved for certain well-known integral transforms, T, in

E
n

{E^n}

. The transforms considered include Calderón-Zygmund singular integrals, singular integrals with variable kernel, fractional integrals and fractional integrals with variable kernel.
Maxima and high level excursions of stationary Gaussian processes
Authors: Berman Simeon M. 
Published: July 2010

Let

X
(
t
)
,
t
≧
0

X(t),t \geqq 0

, be a stationary Gaussian process with mean 0, variance 1 and covariance function

r
(
t
)

r(t)

. The sample functions are assumed to be continuous on every interval. Let

r
(
t
)

r(t)

be continuous and nonperiodic. Suppose that there exists

α
,
0
>
α
≦
2

\alpha , 0 > \alpha \leqq 2

, and a continuous, increasing function

g
(
t
)
,
t
≧
0

g(t),t \geqq 0

, satisfying
\[

(
0.1
)

lim

t
→
0

g
(
c
t
)

g
(
t
)

=
1
,

f
o
r

e
v
e
r
y

c
>
0
,

(0.1)\quad \lim \limits _{t \to 0} \frac {{g(ct)}}{{g(t)}} = 1,\quad for\;every\;c > 0,

\]
such that
\[

(
0.2
)

1
−
r
(
t
)
∼
g
(

|

t

|

)

|

t

|

α

,

t
→
0.

(0.2)\quad 1 - r(t) \sim g(|t|)|t{|^\alpha },\quad t \to 0.

\]
For

u
>
0

u > 0

, let

v
v

be defined (in terms of

u
u

) as the unique solution of
\[

(
0.3
)

u
2

g
(
1

/

v
)

v

−
α

=
1.

(0.3)\quad {u^2}g(1/v){v^{ - \alpha }} = 1.

\]
Let

I
A

{I_A}

be the indicator of the event

A
A

; then
\[

∫
0
T

I

[
X
(
s
)
>
u
]

d
s

\int _0^T {{I_{[X(s) > u]}}ds}

\]
represents the time spent above

u
u

by

X
(
s
)
,
0
≦
s
≦
T

X(s),0 \leqq s \leqq T

. It is shown that the conditional distribution of
\[

(
0.4
)

v

∫
0
T

I

[
X
(
s
)
>
u
]

d
s
,

(0.4)\quad v\int _0^T {{I_{[X(s) > u]}}ds,}

\]
given that it is positive, converges for fixed

T
T

and

u
→
∞

u \to \infty

to a limiting distribution

Ψ
α

{\Psi _\alpha }

, which depends only on

α
\alpha

but not on

T
T

or

g
g

. Let

F
(
λ
)

F(\lambda )

be the spectral distribution function corresponding to

r
(
t
)

r(t)

. Let

F

(
p
)

(
λ
)

{F^{(p)}}(\lambda )

be the iterated

p
p

-fold convolution of

F
(
λ
)

F(\lambda )

. If, in addition to (0.2), it is assumed that
\[

(
0.5
)

F

(
p
)

i
s

a
b
s
o
l
u
t
e
l
y

c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s

f
o
r

s
o
m
e

p
>
0
,

(0.5)\quad {F^{(p)}}\;is\;absolutely\;continuous\;for\;some\;p > 0,

\]
then

max
(
X
(
s
)
:
0
≦
s
≦
t
)

\max (X(s):0 \leqq s \leqq t)

, properly normalized, has, for

t
→
∞

t \to \infty

, the limiting extreme value distribution

exp
⁡
(
−

e

−
x

)

\exp ( - {e^{ - x}})

. If, in addition to (0.2), it is assumed that
\[

(
0.6
)

F
(
λ
)

i
s

a
b
s
o
l
u
t
e
l
y

c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s

w
i
t
h

t
h
e

d
e
r
i
v
a
t
i
v
e

f
(
λ
)
,

(0.6)\quad F(\lambda )\;is\; absolutely \;continuous\; with\; the\; derivative\; f(\lambda ),

\]
and
\[

(
0.7
)

lim

h
→
0

log
⁡
h

∫

−
∞

∞

|

f
(
λ

+
h
)
−
f
(
λ
)

|

d
λ
=
0
,

(0.7)\quad \lim \limits _{h \to 0} \log h\int _{ - \infty }^\infty {|f(\lambda } + h) - f(\lambda )|d\lambda = 0,

\]
then (0.4) has, for

u
→
∞

u \to \infty

and

T
→
∞

T \to \infty

, a limiting distribution whose Laplace-Stieltjes transform is
\[

(
0.8
)

exp
⁡
[

constant

∫
0
∞

(

e

−
λ
ξ

−
1
)
d

Ψ
α

(
x
)
]
,

λ
>
0.

(0.8)\quad \exp [{\text {constant}}\int _0^\infty {} ({e^{ - \lambda \xi }} - 1)d{\Psi _\alpha }(x)],\quad \lambda > 0.

\]
Entropy-expansive maps
Authors: Bowen Rufus 
Published: July 2010

Let

f
:
X
→
X

f:X \to X

be a uniformly continuous map of a metric space. f is called h-expansive if there is an

ε
>
0

\varepsilon > 0

so that the set

Φ
ε

(
x
)
=
{
y
:
d
(

f
n

(
x
)
,

f
n

(
y
)
)
≦
ε

{\Phi _\varepsilon }(x) = \{ y:d({f^n}(x),{f^n}(y)) \leqq \varepsilon

for all

n
≧
0

n \geqq 0

} has zero topological entropy for each

x
∈
X

x \in X

. For X compact, the topological entropy of such an f is equal to its estimate using

ε
:
h
(
f
)
=
h
(
f
,
ε
)

\varepsilon :h(f) = h(f,\varepsilon )

. If X is compact finite dimensional and

μ
\mu

an invariant Borel measure, then

h
μ

(
f
)
=

h
μ

(
f
,
A
)

{h_\mu }(f) = {h_\mu }(f,A)

for any finite measurable partition A of X into sets of diameter at most

ε
\varepsilon

. A number of examples are given. No diffeomorphism of a compact manifold is known to be not h-expansive.
Stochastic integral representation of multiplicative operator functionals of a Wiener process
Authors: Pinsky Mark A. 
Published: July 2010

Let M be a multiplicative operator functional of (X, L) where X is a d-dimensional Wiener process and L is a separable Hilbert space. Sufficient conditions are given in order that M be equivalent to a solution of the linear Itô equation
\[

M
(
t
)
=
I
+

∑

j
=
1

d

∫
0
t

M
(
s
)

B
j

(
x
(
s
)
)
d

x
j

(
s
)
+

∫
0
t

M
(
s
)

B
0

(
x
(
s
)
)
d
s
,

M(t) = I + \sum \limits _{j = 1}^d {\int _0^t {M(s){B_j}} } (x(s))d{x_j}(s) + \int _0^t {M(s){B_0}(x(s))ds,}

\]
where

B
0

,
…
,

B
d

{B_0}, \ldots ,{B_d}

are bounded operator functions on

R
d

{R^d}

. The conditions require that the equation

T
(
t
)
f
=
E
[
M
(
t
)
f
(
x
(
t
)
)
]

T(t)f = E[M(t)f(x(t))]

define a semigroup on

L
2

(

R
d

)

{L^2}({R^d})

whose infinitesimal generator has a domain which contains all linear functions of the coordinates

(

x
1

,
…
,

x
d

)

({x_1}, \ldots ,{x_d})

. The proof of this result depends on an a priori representation of the semigroup

T
(
t
)

T(t)

in terms of the Wiener semigroup and a first order matrix operator. A second result characterizes solutions of the above Itô equation with

B
0

=
0

{B_0} = 0

. A sufficient condition that M belong to this class is that

E
[
M
(
t
)
]

E[M(t)]

be the identity operator on L and that

M
(
t
)

M(t)

be invertible for each

t
>
0

t > 0

. The proof of this result uses the martingale stochastic integral of H. Kunita and S. Watanabe.
Nested sequences of local uniform spaces
Authors: Williams James 
Published: July 2010

A locally uniform space is a pair of sets

(
X
,

V

)
,

V

(X,\mathcal {V}),\mathcal {V}

being a filter on

X
×
X

X \times X

such that

∀
U
∈

V

,
Δ
(
X
)
=
{
⟨
x
,
x
⟩
:
x
∈
X
}
⊆
U
,

U

−
1

=
{
⟨
y
,
x
⟩
:
⟨
x
,
y
⟩
∈
U
}
∈

V

\forall U \in \mathcal {V},\Delta (X) = \{ \langle x,x\rangle :x \in X\} \subseteq U,{U^{ - 1}} = \{ \langle y,x\rangle :\langle x,y\rangle \in U\} \in \mathcal {V}

, and

∀
x
∈
X
,
∃
V
∈

V

:
(
V
∘
V
)
[
x
]
⊆
U
[
x
]

\forall x \in X,\exists V \in \mathcal {V}:(V \circ V)[x] \subseteq U[x]

. We shall say that a sequence

{
(

X
n

,

V

n

)
:
n
∈
ω
}

\{ ({X_n},{\mathcal {V}_n}):n \in \omega \}

is nested iff

∀
n
∈
ω
,

X
n

⊆

X

n
+
1

\forall n \in \omega ,{X_n} \subseteq {X_{n + 1}}

and

V

n
+
1

|

X
n

=

V

n

{\mathcal {V}_{n + 1}}|{X_n} = {\mathcal {V}_n}

. By a limit for a nested sequence

{
(

X
n

,

V

n

)
:
n
∈
ω
}

\{ ({X_n},{\mathcal {V}_n}):n \in \omega \}

, we shall mean any locally uniform space

(
X
,

V

)

(X,\mathcal {V})

such that

X
=
∪
{

X
n

:
n
∈
ω
}

X = \cup \{ {X_n}:n \in \omega \}

and

∀
n
∈
ω
,

V

|

X
n

=

V

n

\forall n \in \omega ,\mathcal {V}|{X_n} = {\mathcal {V}_n}

. Our first task will be to consider when a nested sequence of locally uniform spaces has a limit; in order to do this, we shall introduce a weak generalization of pseudo-metric functions. We shall also show that, in contrast to locally uniform spaces, each nested sequence of uniform spaces has a limit. With each locally uniform space one can associate a regular relative topology in the obvious fashion. E. Hewitt and J. Novak have constructed regular spaces of the type on which every real-valued continuous function is constant; we shall use our results about limits to give a relatively simple general construction for producing locally uniform spaces which have this type of relative topology. The construction may be done in such a way that the spaces produced have several pleasant topological properties.