bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of new experimental data on the C2HDM: the strong interdependence between LHC Higgs data and the electron EDM
Authors: Biekötter Thomas , Fontes Duarte , Mühlleitner Margarete , Romão Jorge C. , Santos Rui , Silva João P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The complex two-Higgs doublet model (C2HDM) is one of the simplest extensions of the Standard Model with a source of CP-violation in the scalar sector. It has a $${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$$ symmetry, softly broken by a complex coefficient. There are four ways to implement this symmetry in the fermion sector, leading to models known as Type-I, Type-II, Lepton-Specific and Flipped. In the latter three models, there is a priori the surprising possibility that the 125 GeV Higgs boson couples mostly as a scalar to top quarks, while it couples mostly as a pseudoscalar to bottom quarks. This “maximal” scenario was still possible with the data available in 2017. Since then, there have been more data on the 125 GeV Higgs boson, direct searches for CP-violation in angular correlations of τ-leptons produced in Higgs boson decays, new results on the electron electric dipole moment, new constraints from LHC searches for additional Higgs bosons and new results on b → sγ transitions. Highlighting the crucial importance of the physics results of LHC’s Run 2, we combine all these experiments and show that the “maximal” scenario is now excluded in all models. Still, one can have a pseudoscalar component in $$h\tau \overline{\tau }$$ couplings in the Lepton-Specific case as large as 87% of the scalar component for all mass orderings of the neutral scalar bosons.
The Bishop–Phelps–Bollobás Property for Weighted Holomorphic Mappings
Authors: Jiménez-Vargas A. , Ramírez M. I. , Villegas-Vallecillos Moisés 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGiven an open subset U of a complex Banach space E, a weight v on U and a complex Banach space F, let $$H^\infty _v(U,F)$$

H
v
∞

(
U
,
F
)

denote the Banach space of all weighted holomorphic mappings from U into F, endowed with the weighted supremum norm. We introduce and study a version of the Bishop–Phelps–Bollobás property for $$H^\infty _v(U,F)$$

H
v
∞

(
U
,
F
)

($$WH^\infty $$

W

H
∞

-BPB property, for short). A result of Lindenstrauss type with sufficient conditions for $$H^\infty _v(U,F)$$

H
v
∞

(
U
,
F
)

to have the $$WH^\infty $$

W

H
∞

-BPB property for every space F is stated. This is the case of $$H^\infty _{v_p}(\mathbb {D},F)$$

H

v
p

∞

(
D
,
F
)

with $$p\ge 1$$

p
≥
1

, where $$v_p$$

v
p

is the standard polynomial weight on $$\mathbb {D}$$
D
. The study of the relations of the $$WH^\infty $$

W

H
∞

-BPB property for the complex and vector-valued cases is also addressed as well as the extension of the cited property for mappings $$f\in H^\infty _v(U,F)$$

f
∈

H
v
∞

(
U
,
F
)

such that vf has a relatively compact range in F.
Accumulation of Atmospheric PAHs in White Mustard – Can the Seeds Be Affected?
Authors: Hubai Katalin , Kováts Nora , Eck-Varanka Bettina , Tumurbaatar Selenge , Teke Gábor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTraffic-related particulate matter emissions have been considerably reduced due to stringent regulations in Europe. However, emission of diesel-powered vehicles still poses a significant environmental threat, affecting rural ecosystems and agriculture. Several studies have reported that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a group of potentially toxic organic compounds, can accumulate in crops and vegetables. In our study, white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) plants were experimentally treated with an extract of diesel exhaust. PAH concentrations were measured in the different plant compartments (stems, leaves and seeds), bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were also calculated. Significant accumulation was measured in the leaves and seeds, stems showed lower accumulation potential. All plant matrices showed high tendency to accumulate higher molecular weight PAHs, BCF was the highest in the 6-ring group. The fact that considerable accumulation was experienced in the seeds might show the risk of cultivating crops nearby roads highly impacted by traffic-related emissions.
Isogeometric topology optimization of structures using the overweight approach
Authors: Villalba D. , París J. , Couceiro I. , Navarrina F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a 2D isogeometric formulation of the material distribution for structural topology optimization considering minimum weight and local stress constraints using the overweight approach is proposed. The aim of this isogeometric formulation is to provide solutions with high spatial definition using a lower number of design variables in comparison with the formulations previously developed to define the material layout. Despite of this, an important number of local stress constraints has to be considered in the solution of the problem. For this purpose, an Overweight Constraint is used to consider all of them. The structural analysis is performed by means of the Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) and the distribution of material is modeled by means of quadratic B-splines. Moreover, the optimization is addressed by means of the Sequential Linear Programming algorithm (SLP) that is driven by the information provided by a full first-order sensitivity analysis extension of the IGA formulation. Finally, the proposed formulation is tested by means of some benchmark problems, and the results show that the isogeometric formulation provides solutions with high spatial definition. A comparison with a Finite Element Method (FEM) topology optimization formulation is included.
Investigation of the transient change of the cutting force during the milling of C45 and X5CrNi18-10 steel taking into account the dynamics of the electro-mechanical measuring system
Authors: Pálmai Zoltán , Kundrák János , Felhő Csaba , Makkai Tamás 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe possible methods of determining the cutting force—due to the great practical importance of knowing the force—have long been and are still intensively studied areas of cutting theory. In milling, cutting is a series of successive short material removals. During force measurement in such cases, the transient process that can be detected at the beginning of the process can influence the nature of the entire cutting cycle. The present study reports on the research, the aim of which was to explore the dynamic process of cutting force measurement in intermittent cutting. The measurements were made during face milling of C-steel and highly alloyed steel (X5CrNi 18–10). The milling head contained a single insert, with which the disturbing interaction of the multiple cutting edges was eliminated. As a result of the work, a method suitable for examining the close relationship between the initial transient nature of the milling cycle and the decay, as well as a mathematical model for the decay process, was developed. The model was validated with cutting experiments and measurements. The achieved results can be used to better understand the process of chip removal and to determine the actual power requirements of milling works.
Surgical Approach to Urethral Diverticulum and Urethrovaginal Fistula With Mesh Erosion
Authors: Smith Alicia , Burton Lauren , Mama Saifuddin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
This video illustrates a rare surgical case involving a urethral diverticulum, urethrovaginal fistula, and mesh erosion.

Methods
We present a 58-year-old patient attending a tertiary care center with a suspected urethrovaginal fistula. Her concerns included stress urinary incontinence (SUI), recurrent urinary tract infection, and vaginal pain. The surgical history was notable for the placement of two different mesh slings during the same procedure to treat SUI. Preoperative evaluation and findings are illustrated in detail. The video uses a high-definition surgical camera to emphasize the initial intraoperative evaluation with localization of the fistula and diverticulum. We then demonstrate the approach to the dissection with the goal of ensuring complete resection of the diverticulum, fistula, and mesh, while preserving healthy tissue for subsequent closure. The utilization of unique and specialized tools for each portion of the procedure is also illustrated. A layered vaginal closure, including a Martius flap, is created to prevent recurrence.

Results
The surgery was accomplished without complications.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, concomitant findings of a urethral diverticulum, urethrovaginal fistula, and mesh erosion are unique in the literature. We postulate that this triad could have resulted from the mesh burden in this particular patient.
Influence of Soil Phosphate on Rhizobacterial Performance in Affecting Wheat Yield
Authors: Breedt Gerhardus , Korsten Lise , Gokul Jarishma Keriuscia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a primary nutrient in agricultural soils, phosphorus plays a crucial but growth-limiting role for plants due to its complex interactions with various soil elements. This often results in excessive phosphorus fertilizer application, posing concerns for the environment. Agri-research has therefore shifted focus to increase fertilizer-use efficiency and minimize environmental impact by leveraging plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the in-field incremental effect of inorganic phosphate concentration (up to 50 kg/ha/P) on the ability of two rhizobacterial isolates, Lysinibacillus sphaericus (T19), Paenibacillus alvei (T29), from the previous Breedt et al. (Ann Appl Biol 171:229–236, 2017) study on maize in enhancing the yield of commercially grown Duzi® cultivar wheat. Results obtained from three seasons of field trials revealed a significant relationship between soil phosphate concentration and the isolates’ effectiveness in improving wheat yield. Rhizospheric samples collected at flowering during the third season, specifically to assess phosphatase enzyme activity at the different soil phosphate levels, demonstrated a significant decrease in soil phosphatase activity when the phosphorus rate reached 75% for both isolates. Furthermore, in vitro assessments of inorganic phosphate solubilization by both isolates at five increments of tricalcium phosphate-amended Pikovskaya media found that only isolate T19 was capable of solubilizing tricalcium at concentrations exceeding 3 mg/ml. The current study demonstrates the substantial influence of inorganic phosphate on the performance of individual rhizobacterial isolates, highlighting that this is an essential consideration when optimizing these isolates to increase wheat yield in commercial cultivation.
FIGO 2023 endometrial staging: a leap of faith into the new “prognostic based’ rather than “anatomical based” staging—too fast too furious??
Authors: Bassetty Karthik Chandra , Begum Dimpy , Barmon Debabrata , Baruah Upasana , Gupta Sakshi , Kumar Mahendra , Nath Jyotiman , Khanikar Duncan , Bhattacharyya Mouchumee , Roy P. S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
In 2023 FIGO revised the endometrial cancer staging system after 13 years. There is a lacuna of data regarding the performance and practicality of the revised 2023 FIGO staging schema for endometrial cancer from Low Middle-Income Countries (LMIC).

Objective
To estimate the shift of stage and adjuvant management of endometrial cancer based on the FIGO 2023 system compared to the FIGO 2009 system and assess the predictive potential of the FIGO 2023 system.

Material and methods
A retrospective study was conducted from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2022. All patients with endometrial cancer were staged according to the FIGO 2023 and FIGO 2009 staging system. Follow-up of patients was done to determine recurrence.

Results
A total of 152 patients were included. Aggressive histology was seen in 66 (45%) patients. Eighteen (11%) had subserosal involvement. Substantial LVSI was noted in 23 (15%) of patients. Twenty-four (47%) patients of FIGO 2009 Stage IA and 26 patients (63%) of FIGO 2009 Stage IB were upstaged. Eleven (50%) patients of FIGO 2009 Stage IIIA were down staged to IA3. Overall 23 patients (15%) had a shift of stage. Fifteen out of 152 patients (15%) would have had a possible risk stratification change which would imply 23 patients (15%) would have needed a more radical treatment. Molecular classification was done in 32 patients; however, only 2 patients could afford POLE testing. Kaplan–Meier curves showed significant PFS differences in FIGO 2009 Stage IB and Stage IIIA when restaged according to the FIGO 2023 system.

Conclusion
The FIGO 2023 endometrial staging is a more robust prognosticator; however, the practicality of molecular classification in LMICs is still a distant dream.
Improved 3D human face reconstruction from 2D images using blended hard edges
Authors: Ding Yueming , Mok P. Y. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study reports an effective and robust edge-based scheme for the reconstruction of 3D human faces from input of single images, addressing drawbacks of existing methods in case of large face pose angles or noisy input images. Accurate 3D face reconstruction from 2D images is important, as it can enable a wide range of applications, such as face recognition, animations, games and AR/VR systems. Edge features extracted from 2D images contain wealthy and robust 3D geometric information, which were used together with landmarks for face reconstruction purpose. However, the accurate reconstruction of 3D faces from contour features is a challenging task, since traditional edge or contour detection algorithms introduce a great deal of noise, which would adversely affect the reconstruction. This paper reports on the use of a hard-blended face contour feature from a neural network and a Canny edge extractor for face reconstruction. The quantitative results indicate that our method achieves a notable improvement in face reconstruction with a Euclidean distance error of 1.64 mm and a normal vector distance error of 1.27 mm when compared to the ground truth, outperforming both traditional and other deep learning-based methods. These metrics show particularly significant advancements, especially in face shape reconstruction under large pose angles. The method also achieved higher accuracy and robustness on in-the-wild images under conditions of blurring, makeup, occlusion and poor illumination.
Endplate weakening during cage bed preparation significantly reduces endplate load capacity
Authors: Calek Anna-Katharina , Cornaz Frédéric , Suter Mauro , Fasser Marie-Rosa , Farshad Mazda , Widmer Jonas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze the effect of endplate weakness prior to PLIF or TLIF cage implantation and compare it to the opposite intact endplate of the same vertebral body. In addition, the influence of bone quality on endplate resistance was investigated.

Methods
Twenty-two human lumbar vertebrae were tested in a ramp-to-failure test. One endplate of each vertebral body was tested intact and the other after weakening with a rasp (over an area of 200 mm2). Either a TLIF or PLIF cage was then placed and the compression load was applied across the cage until failure of the endplate. Failure was defined as the first local maximum of the force measurement. Bone quality was assessed by determining the Hounsfield units (HU) on CT images.

Results
With an intact endplate and a TLIF cage, the median force to failure was 1276.3N (693.1–1980.6N). Endplate weakening reduced axial endplate resistance to failure by 15% (0–23%). With an intact endplate and a PLIF cage, the median force to failure was 1057.2N (701.2–1735.5N). Endplate weakening reduced axial endplate resistance to failure by 36.6% (7–47.9%). Bone quality correlated linearly with the force at which endplate failure occurred. Intact and weakened endplates showed a strong positive correlation: intact-TLIF: r = 0.964, slope of the regression line (slope) = 11.8, p < 0.001; intact-PLIF: r = 0.909, slope = 11.2, p = 5.5E−05; weakened-TLIF: r = 0.973, slope = 12.5, p < 0.001; weakened-PLIF: r = 0.836, slope = 6, p = 0.003.

Conclusion
Weakening of the endplate during cage bed preparation significantly reduces the resistance of the endplate to subsidence to failure: endplate load capacity is reduced by 15% with TLIF and 37% with PLIF. Bone quality correlates with the force at which endplate failure occurs.
Model authenticity in learning mathematical experimentation: how students perceive and learn from scientist and peer models
Authors: Hagenkötter Ramona , Nachtigall Valentina , Rolka Katrin , Rummel Nikol 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe implementation of video modeling examples of mathematical hands-on experimentation may provide students with authentic and, at the same time, not too cognitively overwhelming experiences. However, the effectiveness of video modeling examples can be influenced by different characteristics of the observed models. On the one hand, based on the model-observer similarity hypothesis, it is likely that the observation of peers is particularly conducive to learning. On the other hand, from an authentic learning perspective, the presence of experts is considered to constitute a core design element of authentic learning settings which may foster motivational and cognitive learning outcomes. Against the background of these contradictory assumptions, the present study investigates the effects of observing models with different degrees of authenticity on students’ perceived authenticity, their situational interest, and their knowledge acquisition. We conducted an experimental study with 105 10th graders who observed either peer or scientist models performing a mathematical hands-on experiment in a video recording. As expected, the results show that students perceived the scientist models as more authentic than the peer models. Furthermore, we found neither a direct effect of condition nor an indirect effect mediated by students’ perceived authenticity of the observed models on students’ situational interest and knowledge acquisition. With this study, we contribute to the literature on the conditions and effects of authentic learning.
A collective action approach to improving attitudes and self-efficacy towards gender equality among male STEM academics
Authors: Petzel Zachary W. , Farrell Lynn , McCormack Teresa , Turner Rhiannon N. , Rafferty Karen , Latu Ioana M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite the implementation of equality interventions within higher education, progress towards gender parity in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) remains slow. Male educators often exhibit poorer engagement with diversity initiatives, potentially contributing to persisting gender disparities in STEM given men’s longstanding dominance in these programs. Two experiments investigate how equality interventions should be designed to maximize support from male educators. Experiment 1 (N = 72; Mage = 39.72, SDage = 12.33) used virtual reality to manipulate 2 factors among male academics: (1) exposure to gender inequality and (2) virtually taking the perspective of a female scientist. Using self-report and behavioral measures, viewing an empirical presentation outlining the prevalence of gender issues in STEM yielded the greatest support for equality initiatives following successful perspective-taking. Experiment 2 (N = 120; Mage = 32.48, SDage = 10.36) varied two additional factors among male academics: (1) evidence-based methods to reduce gender biases in STEM (i.e., promoting self-efficacy) and (2) blaming male academics for gender inequalities. Promoting self-efficacy and blaming men for disparities led to greater confidence in male academics’ ability to address gender inequalities in their field. Notably, higher self-efficacy accounted for greater support for equality initiatives and internal motives to engage with diversity programs. Findings provide an empirical framework and high-tech training tools for promoting engagement with diversity initiatives among male educators, informing development of interventions within higher education to improve student and faculty experiences in STEM.
Self-regulated use of retrieval practice: associations with individual differences in non-cognitive and cognitive factors
Authors: Bertilsson Frida , Stenlund Tova , Sundström Anna , Jonsson Bert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRetrieval practice is a learning strategy that has repeatedly been found to have positive effects on memory and learning. However, studies indicate that students rarely use retrieval practice on a voluntary basis. The objective of the present study was to examine students’ self-regulated use of retrieval practice, and to determine whether sex and individual differences in cognitive and non-cognitive aspects are related to optional use of practice testing. A classroom study was conducted with 146 upper-secondary school students taking courses in mathematics and Swedish. An ABAB design was used to compare students’ optional and non-optional use of retrieval practice (i.e., repeated online quizzing). Students performed cognitive tasks to assess working memory capacity and fluid intelligence and completed self-reports of non-cognitive factors related to school achievement, such as grit, need for cognition (NFC), conscientiousness and openness. Quiz use was then compared using paired- and independent-samples t-tests, and hierarchical linear regression analyses explored relations to individual differences. The results showed that students completed significantly fewer quizzes in the optional sections than in the non-optional sections, and that females completed significantly more optional quizzes than males in Swedish, but not in mathematics. Further, the results showed that conscientiousness predicted optional quiz use in mathematics, whereas sex, NFC, conscientiousness, and openness predicted quiz use in Swedish. To conclude, although the findings show a relatively low optional/self-regulated use of practice testing, in line with earlier research, they suggest that sex and non-cognitive factors, such as personality characteristics, can predict optional use of practice testing.
Expanding the spatial scale in DNA-based monitoring schemes: ascertainment bias in transnational assessments
Authors: Kopatz Alexander , Norman Anita J. , Spong Göran , Valtonen Mia , Kojola Ilpo , Aspi Jouni , Kindberg Jonas , Flagstad Øystein , Kleven Oddmund 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHarmonising methodology between countries is crucial in transborder population monitoring. However, immediate application of alleged, established DNA-based methods across the extended area can entail drawbacks and may lead to biases. Therefore, genetic methods need to be tested across the whole area before being deployed. Around 4,500 brown bears (Ursus arctos) live in Norway, Sweden, and Finland and they are divided into the western (Scandinavian) and eastern (Karelian) population. Both populations have recovered and are connected via asymmetric migration. DNA-based population monitoring in Norway and Sweden uses the same set of genetic markers. With Finland aiming to implement monitoring, we tested the available SNP-panel developed to assess brown bears in Norway and Sweden, on tissue samples from a representative set of 93 legally harvested individuals from Finland. The aim was to test for ascertainment bias and evaluate its suitability for DNA-based transnational-monitoring covering all three countries. We compared results to the performance of microsatellite genotypes of the same individuals in Finland and against SNP-genotypes from individuals sampled in Sweden (N = 95) and Norway (N = 27). In Finland, a higher resolution for individual identification was obtained for SNPs (PI = 1.18E-27) compared to microsatellites (PI = 4.2E-11). Compared to Norway and Sweden, probability of identity of the SNP-panel was slightly higher and expected heterozygosity lower in Finland indicating ascertainment bias. Yet, our evaluation show that the available SNP-panel outperforms the microsatellite panel currently applied in Norway and Sweden. The SNP-panel represents a powerful tool that could aid improving transnational DNA-based monitoring of brown bears across these three countries.