bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic status of Macrocerides species (Diptera: Phoridae)
Authors: Brown Brian V. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe taxonomic status of the nine species of the mostly Neotropical genus Macrocerides Borgmeier is reviewed after the holotypes of seven species are examined. Macrocerides anacleti Borgmeier, M. brevicornis Borgmeier, and M. luteus Borgmeier are transferred to Myriophora Brown (new combinations). Macrocerides neivai Borgmeier is transferred to Apocephalus (new combination), creating a homonym with Apocephalus neivai Borgmeier for which the replacement name A. elizaldae is proposed. The African Macrocerides leydheckeri Schmitz is placed in a new genus, Macrocerophora. Tauricornus, a new subgenus of Macrocerides, is proposed for a monophyletic group that includes M. (T.) abaristalis Borgmeier, M. (T). attophilus Disney, and two new species, M. (T.) taurocephalus from southern Texas, United States of America, and M. (T.) borkenti from Costa Rica to northern South America.
Relationship rational nutrition for the risk of cancer of the breast in the female population in Slovakia
Authors: Tirpáková Michaela , Lovayová Viera 
Published: December 2011

Cancers are very specific cause of mortality in developed countries with multifactorial etiology and some cancer study data are showing the multi-play chain of hazard factors. The aim of this thesis is to point out to importance of prevention, of nutrition health and lifestyle to decrease of carcinoma of the breast generation risk. In the study was to transfer theoretical knowledge into clinical practice and to assess the of selected risk factors on the incidence and character of carcinoma of the breast in the Slovak population. Epidemiologic and clinical data demonstrated that environmental, demographic, lifestyle risk factors (nutrition health, alcohol, obesity) increase the risk of development of the disease. Used study methodology based on the „case – control“ study is the full harmonization with data collection from IARC (International Agency for Cancer Research). Using correlation analyses we found a significant linkage between selected risk factors and the development of carcinoma of the breast. Within the frame of case-control study 100 carcinoma of the breast and 100 controls have been analyzed. The test of robustness tested Chi-Square statistic. The robustness have been judged based on the p-values. On the base of received scientific outputs will be created the recommendation for preventive measures in the population so as to decrease cancer morbidity and mortality.
Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid‐Catalyzed Tandem Semi‐Pinacol Rearrangement/Alkyne‐Aldehyde Metathesis Reaction of Arylpropagylsulfonamide‐Tethered 2,3‐Epoxycyclohexan‐1‐ols to Spiropiperidines
Authors: Lin Ming‐Nan , Wu Shih‐Hui , Yeh Ming‐Chang P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA simple and efficient trifluoromethanesulfonic acid‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of arylpropagylsulfonamide‐tethered 2,3‐epoxycyclohexan‐1‐ols is described. The cyclization proceeds via tandem semi‐pinacol rearrangement/alkyne‐aldehyde metathesis to afford spiropiperidines under mild reaction conditions.
Preparation of highly filled wood flour/recycled high density polyethylene composites byin situreactive extrusion
Authors: Li Zewen , Gao Hua , Wang Qingwen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHighly filled wood flour/recycled high density polyethylene (WF/RHDPE) composites were directly prepared byin situreactive extrusion using a twin‐screw/single‐screw extruder system. The effects of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) content on extrusion pressure, rheological behavior, mechanical properties, fractured surface morphology of the composites, and melting temperature of RHDPE in the composites were investigated. The extrusion pressure and torque of WF/RHDPE composite melt increased with DCP content. Mechanical property tests and scanning electron microscopy analysis results confirmed that the interfacial interaction of the composites was improved byin situreaction. The composites show lower melting peak temperature (Tm) than RHDPE. The cooling in profile extrusion shortened the crystallization time, resulting in decrease of crystalline order of RHDPE in the composites. There are no noticeable changes ofTmvalues with increasing DCP content. Comparative study on composites with maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene as compatibilizer demonstrated that mechanochemical treatment with DCP and maleic anhydride was an effective method to improve interfacial adhesion for WF/RHDPE composites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Combining information from benthic community analysis and social studies to establish no‐take zones within a multiple uses marine protected area
Authors: Rojas‐Nazar Úrsula , Gaymer Carlos F. , Squeo Francisco A. , Garay‐Flühmann Rosa , López David 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

A decision support tool was used to determine priority sites for marine conservation within the Isla Grande de Atacama multiple uses marine protected area (MUMPA) in northern Chile, based on both biological and social information. Scuba diving, and an unweighted paired‐group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA) analyses were used to determine the main benthic communities found in the shallow rocky and soft‐sediment subtidal.
To establish the costs of conservation, a social survey was undertaken to identify major users, uses and localities within the MUMPA. A multi‐layer database with biological, physical, and social information was generated and further defined 28 approximately 70 ha analysis units. Explicit conservation criteria were then determined and four conservation goals defined (protection of 10, 20, 50, and 70% of each of the communities).
Seven rocky reef and three soft‐sediment communities were identified in the shallow subtidal. Four of the 28 units had high costs of conservation owing to high frequency of use by fishermen, divers, and algae harvesters (main users). These areas represented the highest risks for potential conflicts with the main users.
Under the conservation goals of 10% and 20%, 36.8 and 44.4% of the whole marine area were selected as priority areas for protection respectively. The units selected presented low and medium costs of conservation, thus they had low risks of potential conflicts with users.
This is the first study that uses a decision support tool to identify priority sites (i.e. units) in the shallow subtidal based on benthic communities and also incorporates social aspects to assess conservation costs. The use of social aspects enables the establishment of management strategies that agree both with biodiversity conservation and socio‐economic development of fishing communities. This approach can be replicated for the planning of other coastal MPAs where artisanal fisheries and tourist activities co‐occur and interact with conservation efforts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life in the Slow Lane: The Effect of Reduced Mobility on Tadpole Limb Development
Authors: Abdala Virginia , Ponssa María Laura 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMovement is thought to be a primary agent eliciting basic responses in the vertebrate body, such as the proper development of the musculoskeletal system. Embryos do not passively await hatching or birth but rather begin active movement very early on in their development. Most studies dealing with embryonic responses to changes in mobility have been performed in chickens or mammals. Herein, we investigate for the first time whether the embryos of organisms that are free‐living during development demonstrate the same morphological responses to reduced mobility as embryos that undergo development in controlled environments such as in utero or in a shelled egg. We changed the viscosity of the environment in which free‐living anuran tadpoles grow by rearing them in an agar medium. We thus increased the viscosity of the growth medium resulting in a decrease in larval movement. We predicted that a substantial increase in viscosity of the medium in which the larvae were reared would have at least two consequences: (1) a reduction of tadpole mobility and (2) a delayed onset of skeletogenesis thus producing shorter long bones. Our predictions were upheld and tadpoles reared in an agar medium remain immobile longer and showed a delayed onset of skeletogenesis compared with controls. We propose that the developmental responses to the same stimulus are similar throughout tetrapods, regardless of their developmental context (i.e., intrauterine, within an egg, or free‐living). Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new proposal for a principal component‐based test for high‐dimensional data applied to the analysis of PhyloChip data
Authors: Ding Guo‐Chun , Smalla Kornelia , Heuer Holger , Kropf Siegfried 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA modification of the principal component test is presented. It uses a weighted combination of the sums of squares for different principal components and is thus more powerful in high‐dimensional settings with small sample sizes. Under usual normality assumptions, a rotation test is proposed which enables an exact conditional parametric test. The procedure is demonstrated with microarray data for the bacterial composition in the rhizosphere of different potato cultivars. In simulation studies, the power of the proposed statistic is compared with the competing multivariate parametric tests.
Quantifying the tensile strength of microbial mats grown over noncohesive sediments
Authors: Vignaga E. , Haynes H. , Sloan W.T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBiofilms in marine and fluvial environments can comprise strong bacterial and diatom mats covering large areas of the bed and act to bind sediments. In this case the bed material becomes highly resistant to shear stresses applied by the overlying fluid motion and detachment, when it does occur, is manifest in patches of biofilm of the order cm2 being entrained into the flow. This article is the first to report tensile test data specific to the centimeter scale using moist biofilm/sediment composite materials; the strain (ε)–stress (σ) relationships permit quantification of the elasticity (Young's modulus, E) and cohesive strength of each specimen. Specifically, we compare the mechanical strength of cyanobacterial biofilm‐only samples to that of biofilm cultured over sediment samples (glass beads or natural sands of d ∼ 1 mm) for up to 8 weeks. The range of tensile strength (1,288–3,283 Pa) for composite materials was up to three times higher than previous tensile tests conducted at smaller scale on mixed culture biofilm [Ohashi et al. (1999) Water Sci Technol 39:261–268], yet of similar range to cohesive strength values recorded on return activated sludge flocs [RAS; Poppele and Hozalski (2003) J Microbiol Methods 55:607‐615]. Composite materials were 3–6 times weaker than biofilm‐only samples, indicating that adhesion to sediment grains is weaker than cohesion within the biofilm. Furthermore, in order to relate the tensile test results to the more common in‐situ failure of bio‐mats due to shear flow, controlled erosion experiments were conducted in a hydraulic flume with live fluid flow. Here, the fluid shear stress causing erosion was 3 orders of magnitude lower than tensile stress; this highlights both the problem of interpreting material properties measured ex‐situ and the need for a better mechanistic model of bio‐mat detachment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1155–1164. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engineering of an anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor antibody to single chain format and labeling by sortase A‐mediated protein ligation
Authors: Madej Mariusz P. , Coia Gregory , Williams Charlotte C. , Caine Joanne M. , Pearce Lesley A. , Attwood Rebecca , Bartone Nick A. , Dolezal Olan , Nisbet Rebecca M. , Nuttall Stewart D. , Adams Timothy E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSortase‐mediated protein ligation is a biological covalent conjugation system developed from the enzymatic cell wall display mechanism found in Staphylococcus aureus. This three‐component system requires: (i) purified Sortase A (SrtA) enzyme; (ii) a substrate containing the LPXTG peptide recognition sequence; and (iii) an oligo‐glycine acceptor molecule. We describe cloning of the single‐chain antibody sc528, which binds to the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), from the parental monoclonal antibody and incorporation of a LPETGG tag sequence. Utilizing recombinant SrtA, we demonstrate successful incorporation of biotin from GGG‐biotin onto sc528. EGFR is an important cancer target and is over‐expressed in human tumor tissues and cancer lines, such as the A431 epithelial carcinoma cells. SrtA‐biotinylated sc528 specifically bound EGFR expressed on A431 cells, but not negative control lines. Similarly, when sc528 was labeled with fluorescein we observed antigen‐specific labeling. The ability to introduce functionality into recombinant antibodies in a controlled, site‐specific manner has applications in experimental, diagnostic, and potentially clinical settings. For example, we demonstrate addition of all three reaction components in situ within a biosensor flow cell, resulting in oriented covalent capture and presentation of sc528, and determination of precise affinities for the antibody–receptor interaction. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1461–1470. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combined Muta‐ and Semisynthesis: A Powerful Synthetic Hybrid Approach to Access Target Specific Antitumor Agents Based on Ansamitocin P3
Authors: Taft Florian , Harmrolfs Kirsten , Nickeleit Irinia , Heutling Anja , Kiene Miriam , Malek Nisar , Sasse Florenz , Kirschning Andreas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAccess of four new tumor specific folic acid/ansamitocin conjugates is reported that relies on a synthetic strategy based on the combination of mutasynthesis and semisynthesis. Two bromo‐ansamitocin derivatives were prepared by mutasynthesis or by a modified fermentation protocol, respectively, that served as starting point for the semisynthetic introduction of an allyl amine linker under Stille conditions. A sequence of standard coupling steps introduced the pteroic acid/glutamic acid/cysteine unit to the modified ansamitocins. All new derivatives, including those that are expected to be generated after internalization of the folic acid/ansamitocin conjugates into the cancer cell and reductive cleavage of the disulfide linkage showed good to strong antiproliferative activity (IC50 <10 nM) for different cancer cell lines. Finally, the four conjugates were exposed to two cancer cell lines [cervix carcinoma, KB‐3‐1 (FR+) and lung carcinoma, A‐459 (FR−)], the latter devoid of the membrane‐bound folic acid receptor (FR−). All four conjugates showed strong antiproliferative activity for the FR+ cancer cell line but were inactive against the FR− cell line. The synthetic strategy pursued is based on the combination of mutasynthesis and semisynthesis and proved to be powerful for accessing new ansamitocin derivatives that are difficult to prepare by total synthesis.
One‐step synthesis of ordered Sn‐substituted SBA‐16 mesoporous materials using prepared silica source of rice husk and their selectively catalytic activity
Authors: Ho Sy‐Thang , Dinh Quang‐Khieu , Tran Thai‐Hoa , Nguyen Huu‐Phu , Nguyen Thanh‐Dinh 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHighly ordered SBA‐16 silica mesoporous materials were synthesised hydro‐solvothermally under the acidic medium using SiO2/F127/BuOH/HCl/H2O gel. Pure SiO2 powders were prepared from inexpensive and environmentally friendly silica source of rice husk. The pore size of the materials could be optimised by using a blend of P123 and F127 templates. Sn‐substituted SBA‐16 mesoporous materials were yielded via the direct injection of stannic chloride into the fixed gel in acidic medium. X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, scanning electron microscope/transmission electron microscope results suggest that tin ions were incorporated into the Si‐SBA‐16 framework by isomorphous substitution between Sn and Si ions. Elemental analysis indicates that tin can be substituted in the range of Si/Sn = 21.4–10.5. UV–vis, XPS, TPR‐H2, TPD‐NH3 results reveal that tin atoms are highly dispersed in 4+ oxidation state and mostly occupy in the silica framework. The degree of tin incorporation into silica framework can easily be controlled by a simply adjustment of the H2O and HCl molar ratios. The mesoporous Sn‐SBA‐16 materials were an active benzylation catalyst with almost 100% selectivity to monoalkylated product in alkylation of aromatics with benzyl chloride. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Screening CO2/N2 selectivity in metal‐organic frameworks using Monte Carlo simulations and ideal adsorbed solution theory
Authors: Dickey Allison N. , Yazaydın A. Özgür , Willis Richard R. , Snurr Randall Q. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSelective adsorption of CO2 over N2 is important in the design and selection of adsorbents such as metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) for CO2 capture and sequestration. In this work, single‐component and mixture adsorption isotherms were calculated in MOFs using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations at conditions relevant for CO2 capture from flue gas. Mixture results predicted from single‐component isotherms plus ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) agree well with those calculated from full GCMC mixture simulations. This suggests that IAST can be used for preliminary screening of MOFs for CO2 capture as an alternative to more time‐consuming mixture simulations or experiments. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies on the Reactions of the Reduced Vitamin B12 Complex Cob(I)alamin with Nitrite and Nitrate
Authors: Plymale Noah T. , Dassanayake Rohan S. , Hassanin Hanaa A. , Brasch Nicola E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe kinetics of the reactions between cob(I)alamin [Cbl(I)] and nitrite and nitrate have been studied by UV/Vis and stopped‐flow spectroscopy. Enzyme‐bound Cbl(I) is an important transient species in several B12‐catalyzed enzyme reactions. Levels of nitrite and nitrate are elevated during oxidative stress, as a consequence of elevated nitric oxide levels. Although nitrite and nitrate are generally considered to be benign species, our studies show that nitrate and especially nitrite react rapidly with Cbl(I) at neutral pH conditions (kapp = 6.5 × 10–3 and 1.7 × 103 M–1 s–1, respectively, at pH 7, 25.0 °C). A reaction pathway is postulated for the reaction between Cbl(I) and (H)NO2 involving a 2e– rate‐determining step to form Cbl(III) and HNO. The latter species reacts further with Cbl(I), ultimately resulting in the oxidation of 4Cbl(I) by HNO2 to yield 4Cbl(II) and NH2OH. The reaction between Cbl(I) and (H)NO3 results in the oxidation of 8Cbl(I) by (H)NO3 to give 8Cbl(II) and NH4+ (pH 5–7).
Synthesis of Silyl–Molybdenum Complexes Connected by a 1,1′‐Metallocenylene Unit and Their Electrochemical Properties (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 36/2011)
Authors: Itazaki Masumi , Ichimura Akio , Nakazawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows the results of the electrochemical investigation (cyclic voltammetry) of various silylferrocene derivatives and the crystal structure of [{Cp*(CO)3MoSiMe2C5H4}2Fe]. These results reveal that the HSiMe2 and Cp*Mo(CO)3(SiMe2) groups have electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating properties, respectively. Details of the synthesis, the electrochemical properties and the first structurally characterized silyl–molybdenum complexes connected by a 1,1′‐metallocenylene unit are discussed in the article by H. Nakazawa et al. on page 5496 ff.magnified image
The challenge to quantify proteins with charge trains due to isoforms or conformers
Authors: Deng Xi , Hahne Thomas , Schröder Simone , Redweik Sabine , Nebija Dashnor , Schmidt Hendrik , Janssen Ottmar , Lachmann Bodo , Wätzig Hermann 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSingle proteins separated by 2‐DE often show multiple spots spreading along the first dimension. In many cases, such charge trains are explained by isoform differences or by putative post‐translational modifications including phosphorylation, glycosylation and others. We now report that individual spots of such charge trains on 2‐D gels in fact often represent the same protein, but, apparently due to conformational changes, segregate to different isoelectric points. If MS analysis reveals protein identity, we therefore suggest integrating all individual spots within a charge train for quantification. Especially in quality control of pharmaceutical proteins, the integration of the spot groups of all active contents is preferable in order to obtain reproducible and reasonable quantitative results. However, most commercial software packages for gel analysis integrate the signals spot‐wise. We provide an improved quantification tool for proteins with charge train groups. This calculation can be implemented using the MATLAB software and the self‐developed “Correct Integration Software System” or the commercial software package Delta2D.
Internal evaluation a quarter‐century later: A conversation with Arnold J. Love
Authors: Volkov Boris B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis chapter features a recent conversation with Dr. Arnold J. Love, a long‐time proponent of internal evaluation and one of the most cited internal evaluation authors. In 1983, Love edited the first issue of New Directions for Program Evaluation on the topic of internal evaluation. He is the author of the book Internal Evaluation: Building Organizations from Within (1991), editor of a special issue of the Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation about internal evaluation, and the author of a chapter on internal evaluation in Encyclopedia of Evaluation (2005). Currently working as an independent evaluation consultant, Love has more than 25 years of experience in evaluation. Based in Toronto, Canada, but also a founding member of the American Evaluation Association, he also brings an important international perspective to our discussion of the status of internal evaluation. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Faunal Change in the Turkana Basin during the Late Oligocene and Miocene
Authors: Leakey Meave , Grossman Ari , Gutiérrez Mercedes , Fleagle John G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFaunal evolution over the last 65 million years of earth's history was dominated by mammalian radiations, but much of this era is poorly represented in Africa. Mammals first appeared early in the Mesozoic, living alongside dinosaurs for millions of years, but it was not until the extinction of dinosaurs 65 myr ago that the first major explosion of mammalian taxa took place. The Cenozoic (65 Ma to Recent) witnessed repeated and dynamic events involving the radiation, evolution, and extinction of mammalian faunas. Two of these events, each marking the extinction of one diverse fauna and subsequent establishment of another equally diverse fauna, both involving advanced catarrhine primates, are recorded in sites in the Turkana Basin, despite the poorly represented record of Cenozoic faunas elsewhere in sub‐Saharan Africa. The first of these events occurred at the Oligocene‐Miocene transition and the other at the Miocene‐Pliocene transition. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyethylene glycol mediated one‐pot three‐component synthesis of new 4‐thiazolidinones
Authors: Bhosle Manisha R. , Mali Jyotirling R. , Mulay Aparna A. , Mane Ramrao A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot three‐component cyclocondensation of 4‐(p‐toulyl sulfonoxy) benzaldehyde, aryl amines, and mercaptoacetic acid in polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG‐400) was conducted to obtain new 2,3‐disubstituted‐4‐thiazolidinones. This route is economical and ecofriendly. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:166–170, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20766