bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Radiation-Associated Soft Tissue Sarcomas Have the Same Prognosis As Sporadic Soft Tissue Sarcomas?
Authors: Gladdy Rebecca A. , Qin Li-Xuan , Moraco Nicole , Edgar Mark A. , Antonescu Cristina R. , Alektiar Kaled M. , Brennan Murray F. , Singer Samuel 
Published: March 2010

Purpose To determine the prognostic significance of histologic type in radiation-associated soft tissue sarcomas (RASs) and determine whether RASs are associated with an inferior prognosis compared with sporadic soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). Patients and Methods One hundred thirty primary RASs were identified from 7,649 STS patients from 1982 to 2007. Multivariate analysis of clinicopathologic factors for disease-specific survival (DSS) was performed for RASs, and a multivariate analysis of radiation exposure was also performed for RASs and sporadic sarcomas. A matched-cohort analysis was performed for radiation-associated and sporadic malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). Results Most RASs were high grade (83%), deep (87%), and truncal (61.5%). The median interval between radiation therapy and RAS development was 10 years (range, 1.3 to 74 years), which varied significantly by histologic type (P = .003). The 5-year DSS was 58%, and independent predictors were size > 5 cm, margin positivity, and histologic type. Multivariate analysis of histologic types of primary, high-grade radiation-associated and sporadic STSs showed that RAS was associated with a worse DSS (hazard ratio, 1.7; range, 1.1 to 2.4; P = .007). For pleomorphic MFH—the most common RAS type—the 5-year DSS was 44% versus 66% in a matched cohort of sporadic MFH patients (P = .07). DSS was significantly worse in primary RAS malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) compared with unmatched sporadic MPNSTs (P = .001). Conclusion Histologic type, margin status, and tumor size are the most important independent predictors of DSS in patients with RASs. DSS in patients with primary RAS is significantly worse compared with sporadic STS independent of sarcoma histologic type.
Lymph Node Staging by Positron Emission Tomography in Cervical Cancer: Relationship to Prognosis
Authors: Kidd Elizabeth A. , Siegel Barry A. , Dehdashti Farrokh , Rader Janet S. , Mutch David G. , Powell Matthew A. , Grigsby Perry W. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeA previous retrospective study demonstrated that positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) was more sensitive than computed tomography for lymph node staging in patients with cervical cancer; the findings on FDG-PET were strongly associated with progression-free survival. Therefore, a prospective cohort study was initiated to evaluate FDG-PET lymph node staging in a larger patient population.Patients and MethodsThe study was conducted between July 2000 and March 2009. All 560 patients with cervical cancer underwent pretreatment FDG-PET lymph node staging. Treatment included surgery alone, surgery and postoperative radiation therapy, and definitive radiation or combination radiation and chemotherapy. PET findings were correlated with the risk of disease progression and with survival.ResultsOverall, 47% of patients had lymph node involvement by FDG-PET at diagnosis. The frequency of lymph node metastasis increased with clinical stage and was similar to that in historical surgical series. Within a stage, patients with PET-positive lymph nodes had significantly worse disease-specific survival than those with PET-negative lymph nodes (P < .001). Disease-specific survival was stratified into distinct groups based on the most distant level of PET-detected nodal disease (none, pelvic, para-aortic, or supraclavicular; P < .001). The hazard ratios for disease recurrence increased incrementally based on the most distant level of nodal disease: pelvic 2.40 (95% CI, 1.63 to 3.52), para-aortic 5.88 (95% CI, 3.80 to 9.09), and supraclavicular 30.27 (95% CI 16.56 to 55.34).ConclusionNodal involvement detected by FDG-PET in cervical cancer relates to clinical stage, is comparable to historical data, and stratifies patient recurrence and survival outcomes.
Breast Cancer Among the Oldest Old: Tumor Characteristics, Treatment Choices, and Survival
Authors: Schonberg Mara A. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Li Donglin , Silliman Rebecca A. , Ngo Long , McCarthy Ellen P. 
Published: March 2010

Purpose Few data are available on breast cancer characteristics, treatment, and survival for women age 80 years or older. Patients and Methods We used the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare data set from 1992 to 2003 to examine tumor characteristics, treatments (mastectomy, breast-conserving surgery [BCS] with radiation therapy or alone, or no surgery), and outcomes of women age 80 years or older (80 to 84, 85 to 89, ≥ 90 years) with stage I/II breast cancer compared with younger women (age 67 to 79 years). We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the impact of age on breast cancer–related and other causes of death. Analyses were performed within stage, adjusted for tumor and sociodemographic characteristics, treatments received, and comorbidities. Results In total, 49,616 women age 67 years or older with stage I/II disease were included. Tumor characteristics (grade, hormone receptivity) were similar across age groups. Treatment with BCS alone increased with age, especially after age 80. The risk of dying from breast cancer increased with age, significantly after age 80. For stage I disease, the adjusted hazard ratio of dying from breast cancer for women age ≥ 90 years compared with women age 67 to 69 years was 2.6 (range, 2.0 to 3.4). Types of treatments received were significantly associated with age and comorbidity, with age as the stronger predictor (26% of women age ≥ 80 years without comorbidity received BCS alone or no surgery compared with 6% of women age 67 to 79 years). Conclusion Women age ≥ 80 years have breast cancer characteristics similar to those of younger women yet receive less aggressive treatment and experience higher mortality from early-stage breast cancer. Future studies should focus on identifying tumor and patient characteristics to help target treatments to the oldest women most likely to benefit.
TP53 Alterations Determine Clinical Subgroups and Survival of Patients With Choroid Plexus Tumors
Authors: Tabori Uri , Shlien Adam , Baskin Berivan , Levitt Sarah , Ray Peter , Alon Noa , Hawkins Cynthia , Bouffet Eric , Pienkowska Malgorzata , Lafay-Cousin Lucie , Gozali Alexa , Zhukova Nataliya , Shane Lisa , Gonzalez Ignacio , Finlay Jonathan , Malkin David 
Published: March 2010

Purpose Choroid plexus carcinomas are pediatric tumors with poor survival rates and a strong, but poorly understood, association with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). Currently, with lack of biologic predictors, most children are treated with aggressive chemoradiation protocols. Patients and Methods We established a multi-institutional tissue and clinical database, which enabled the analysis of specific alterations of the TP53 tumor suppressor and its modifiers in choroid plexus tumors (CPTs). We conducted high-resolution copy-number analysis to correlate these genetic parameters with family history and outcome. Results We studied 64 patients with CPTs. All individuals with germline TP53 mutations fulfilled LFS criteria, whereas all patients not meeting these criteria harbored wild-type TP53 (P < .001). TP53 mutations were found in 50% of choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs). Additionally, two sequence variants known to confer TP53 dysfunction, TP53 codon72 and MDM2 SNP309, coexisted in the majority of TP53 wild-type CPCs (92%) and not in TP53 mutated CPC (P = .04), which suggests a complementary mechanism of TP53 dysfunction in the absence of a TP53 mutation. High-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis revealed extremely high total structural variation (TSV) in TP53-mutated CPC tumor genomes compared with TP53 wild-type tumors and choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs; P = .006 and .004, respectively). Moreover, high TSV was associated with significant risk of progression (P < .001). Five-year survival rates for patients with TP53-immunopositive and -immunonegative CPCs were 0% and 82 (± 9%), respectively (P < .001). Furthermore, 14 of 16 patients with TP53 wild-type CPCs are alive without having received radiation therapy. Conclusion Patients with CPC who have low tumor TSV and absence of TP53 dysfunction have a favorable prognosis and can be successfully treated without radiation therapy.
Application of Real-time Time-dependent Density Functional Theory with the CVB3LYP Functional to Core Excitations
Authors: Akama Tomoko , Imamura Yutaka , Nakai Hiromi 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The CVB3LYP functional, which has been developed for evaluating both core and valence excitation energies with high accuracy, is applied to real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) calculations. The core excitation energies from the 1s orbitals of several second-row atoms obtained by RT-TDDFT with the CVB3LYP functional were demonstrated and compared with those of the frequency-domain TDDFT.
Efficient and Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by a Surfactant-type Organocatalyst in the Presence of Water
Authors: Hu Feng , Guo Chang-Shan , Xie Jin , Zhu Hai-Liang , Huang Zhi-Zhen 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
It was found that in the presence of 20 mol % HCOOH, (S)-prolinol silyl ether organocatalyst bearing a long chain only in 2 mol % loading could catalyze the asymmetric Michael reaction of various aldehydes with trans-nitroalkenes at room temperature in the presence of water, giving the desired adducts in excellent yields with high diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities (up to &gt;99% ee).
In Situ Dynamic Model Test for Pile-Supported Wharf in Liquefied Sand
Authors: Chang Wen-Jong , Chen Jyh-Fang , Ho Hsing-Chuan , Chiu Yung-Fang 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Pile-supported wharf is a general option in port design to provide lateral resistance and bearing capacity under both static and dynamic loadings. In situ large-scale physical modeling using surface wave generator was performed to study the dynamic soil-structure interactions in pile-supported wharves and to verify configuration of an in situ monitoring station. A wharf model consisting of two steel pipe piles welded on a steel slab was installed on a reconstituted underwater embankment. Due to screening of stress waves, the two piles are subjected to different loading conditions. Data reduction procedures were developed to analyze coupled shear strain-pore pressure generation behavior, pile responses, and soil-pile interaction characteristics. The results proved that the physical modeling can capture the interactions among the induced shear strain, generated excess pore pressure, and dynamic p-y behavior around piles. Preliminary results also show that evolutions of dynamic p-y curve with excess pore pressure variations should be included in soil-pile interaction modeling.
Development of a Portable Probe for Field and Laboratory Measurement of Low to Medium Values of Soil Suction
Authors: Poirier Steven E. , DeGroot Don J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The sample quality suction probe is an economical, robust, and portable probe capable of obtaining rapid and reliable, direct, non-destructive measurements of soil suction in the field or laboratory. Based on the designs of Ridley and Burland in 1993 and Toker et al. in 2004 for unsaturated soils, this probe is constructed mainly from commercially available components and the saturation and measurement procedures are easy to perform. The probe is able to obtain repeatable measurements from saturated soil samples in the field immediately after sampling and also in the laboratory prior to specimen preparation for consolidation or strength testing. These suction measurements may be used to evaluate sample quality in the field or in the laboratory prior to specimen testing.
Caenorhabditis elegans Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Can Occur Independently of the Multi-Substrate Adaptor FRS2
Authors: Lo Te-Wen , Bennett Daniel C , Goodman S Jay , Stern Michael J 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The components of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling complexes help to define the specificity of the effects of their activation. The Caenorhabditis elegans fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), EGL-15, regulates a number of processes, including sex myoblast (SM) migration guidance and fluid homeostasis, both of which require a Grb2/Sos/Ras cassette of signaling components. Here we show that SEM-5/Grb2 can bind directly to EGL-15 to mediate SM chemoattraction. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified SEM-5 as able to interact with the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of EGL-15, a domain that is specifically required for SM chemoattraction. This interaction requires the SEM-5 SH2-binding motifs present in the CTD (Y1009 and Y1087), and these sites are required for the CTD role of EGL-15 in SM chemoattraction. SEM-5, but not the SEM-5 binding sites located in the CTD, is required for the fluid homeostasis function of EGL-15, indicating that SEM-5 can link to EGL-15 through an alternative mechanism. The multi-substrate adaptor protein FRS2 serves to link vertebrate FGFRs to Grb2. In C. elegans, an FRS2-like gene, rog-1, functions upstream of a Ras/MAPK pathway for oocyte maturation but is not required for EGL-15 function. Thus, unlike the vertebrate FGFRs, which require the multi-substrate adaptor FRS2 to recruit Grb2, EGL-15 can recruit SEM-5/Grb2 directly.
A Strand Invasion 3′ Polymerization Intermediate of Mammalian Homologous Recombination
Authors: Si Weiduo , Mundia Maureen M , Magwood Alissa C , Mark Adam L , McCulloch Richard D , Baker Mark D 
Published: March 2010

AbstractInitial events in double-strand break repair by homologous recombination in vivo involve homology searching, 3′ strand invasion, and new DNA synthesis. While studies in yeast have contributed much to our knowledge of these processes, in comparison, little is known of the early events in the integrated mammalian system. In this study, a sensitive PCR procedure was developed to detect the new DNA synthesis that accompanies mammalian homologous recombination. The test system exploits a well-characterized gene targeting assay in which the transfected vector bears a gap in the region of homology to the single-copy chromosomal immunoglobulin μ heavy chain gene in mouse hybridoma cells. New DNA synthesis primed by invading 3′ vector ends copies chromosomal μ-gene template sequences excluded by the vector-borne double-stranded gap. Following electroporation, specific 3′ extension products from each vector end are detected with rapid kinetics: they appear after 0.5 hr, peak at 3–6 hr, and then decline, likely as a result of the combined effects of susceptibility to degradation and cell division. New DNA synthesis from each vector 3′ end extends at least ∼1000 nucleotides into the gapped region, but the efficiency declines markedly within the first ∼200 nucleotides. Over this short distance, an average frequency of 3′ extension for the two invading vector ends is ∼0.007 events/vector backbone. DNA sequencing reveals precise copying of the cognate chromosomal μ-gene template. In unsynchronized cells, 3′ extension is sensitive to aphidicolin supporting involvement of a replicative polymerase. Analysis suggests that the vast majority of 3′ extensions reside on linear plasmid molecules.
Distribution and Identification of Airborne Fungi in Railway Stations in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Kawasaki Tamami , Kyotani Takashi , Ushiogi Tomoyoshi , Izumi Yasuhiko , Lee Hunjun , Hayakawa Toshio 
Published: March 2010

Distribution and Identification of Airborne Fungi in Railway Stations in Tokyo, Japan: Tamami Kawasaki, et al. Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Railway Technical Research InstituteObjectivesThe current study was performed to (1) understand the distribution of airborne fungi culturable on dichloran‐glycerol agar (DG18) media over a one‐year monitoring period, (2) identify the types of airborne fungi collected, and (3) compare and contrast underand above‐ground spaces, in two railway stations in Tokyo, Japan.MethodsMeasurements of airborne fungi were taken at stations A and B located in Tokyo. Station A had under‐ and above‐ground concourses and platforms whereas station B had spaces only above‐ground. Airborne fungi at each measurement position were collected with an air sampler on DG18 media. After cultivation of the sample plates, the number of fungi colonies was counted on each agar plate.ResultsIn station A, the underground platform was characterized as (1) having the highest humidity and (2) a high concentration of airborne fungi, with (3) a high proportion of non‐sporulating fungi (NSF) and Aspergillus versicolor. There was a strong positive correlation between the concentrations of airborne particles and fungi in station A. Common aspects of the two stations were (1) that fungi were mostly detected in autumn, and (2) there was no correlation between the humidity and concentration of fungi throughout the year.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that the distribution and composition of fungi differ depending on the structure of the station.
Sensitivity of the Pediatric Early Warning Score to Identify Patient Deterioration
Authors: Akre Mari , Finkelstein Marsha , Erickson Mary , Liu Meixia , Vanderbilt Laurel , Billman Glenn 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE:
We evaluated the Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) sensitivity as an early indicator of patients deterioration leading to a Rapid Response Team (RRT)/code event. We hypothesized that at least 80% of patients had a critical PEWS preceding the event. We determined staff awareness of deterioration in patient status prior to the event as evidenced by consults, addition of monitoring equipment or increased frequency of assessment. The timing of these events was compared to critical PEWS times.

METHODS:
One hundred and seventy non-ICU RRT and 16 code events were identified between October 2006 and February 2008. We completed retrospective PEWS at four-hour intervals or less for twenty-four hours preceding the event. The PEWS algorithm, guiding staff to consult at a critical score ≥4 or a single domain score equal to 3, was applied.

RESULTS:
For 85.5% of patients the earliest indicator of deterioration, evidenced by a critical PEWS, was a median of 11 hours 36 minutes and the earliest preceding the event was 30 minutes. For 97.1% of patients the earliest median time to a consult was 80 minutes. Oximetry was added 6.9 hours for 43.5% of patients. 7% of patients had increased nursing assessment. A sub-group of patients had 1) critical PEWS, 2) consult and 3) addition of a monitor. The median time for earliest critical PEWS for these was significant (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
PEWS can potentially provide a forewarning time &gt;11 hours, alerting the team to adapt the care plan and possibly averting an RRT or code.
Measles Outbreak in a Highly Vaccinated Population, San Diego, 2008: Role of the Intentionally Undervaccinated
Authors: Sugerman David E. , Barskey Albert E. , Delea Maryann G. , Ortega-Sanchez Ismael R. , Bi Daoling , Ralston Kimberly J. , Rota Paul A. , Waters-Montijo Karen , LeBaron Charles W. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE:In January 2008, an intentionally unvaccinated 7-year-old boy who was unknowingly infected with measles returned from Switzerland, resulting in the largest outbreak in San Diego, California, since 1991. We investigated the outbreak with the objective of understanding the effect of intentional undervaccination on measles transmission and its potential threat to measles elimination.METHODS:We mapped vaccination-refusal rates according to school and school district, analyzed measles-transmission patterns, used discussion groups and network surveys to examine beliefs of parents who decline vaccination, and evaluated containment costs.RESULTS:The importation resulted in 839 exposed persons, 11 additional cases (all in unvaccinated children), and the hospitalization of an infant too young to be vaccinated. Two-dose vaccination coverage of 95%, absence of vaccine failure, and a vigorous outbreak response halted spread beyond the third generation, at a net public-sector cost of $10 376 per case. Although 75% of the cases were of persons who were intentionally unvaccinated, 48 children too young to be vaccinated were quarantined, at an average family cost of $775 per child. Substantial rates of intentional undervaccination occurred in public charter and private schools, as well as public schools in upper-socioeconomic areas. Vaccine refusal clustered geographically and the overall rate seemed to be rising. In discussion groups and survey responses, the majority of parents who declined vaccination for their children were concerned with vaccine adverse events.CONCLUSIONS:Despite high community vaccination coverage, measles outbreaks can occur among clusters of intentionally undervaccinated children, at major cost to public health agencies, medical systems, and families. Rising rates of intentional undervaccination can undermine measles elimination.
Prevalence of Complementary Medicine Use in Pediatric Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bishop Felicity L. , Prescott Philip , Chan Yean Koon , Saville Jemma , von Elm Erik , Lewith George T. 
Published: March 2010

CONTEXT:Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is used by pediatric patients with cancer, but the actual frequency of CAM use is undetermined.OBJECTIVE:In this systematic review we summarize the current evidence on the prevalence of CAM use in pediatric patients with cancer and assess the reported quality of included studies.METHODS:We systematically searched 6 major electronic databases, reference lists of existing reviews, and personal files. We included full articles about primary research studies (without language restriction) that reported the prevalence of CAM use if all or a defined subsample of participants were pediatric patients with cancer. Detailed information regarding methods and results was extracted from the original articles. A quality-assessment tool was rigorously developed on the basis of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement and used to assess reported study quality. Formal tests of interrater agreement were conducted.RESULTS:We included 28 studies with survey data (collected from 1975 to 2005) from 3526 children. In 20 studies with 2871 participants, the prevalence of any CAM use (since cancer diagnosis) ranged from 6% to 91%; considerable heterogeneity across studies precluded meta-analysis. Study quality was mixed and not correlated with CAM prevalence. Herbal remedies were the most popular CAM modality, followed by diets/nutrition and faith-healing. Commonly reported reasons for CAM use included to help cure or fight the child's cancer, symptomatic relief, and support of ongoing use of conventional therapy. There was little evidence of an association between CAM use and patients' sociodemographic characteristics.CONCLUSIONS:Many pediatric patients with cancer use CAM. It is important that pediatricians be aware of this fact and encourage open communication with patients and their parents. Using standardized survey methods and CAM definitions in future studies could improve their quality and help generate comparable data. Our quality-assessment tool could prove valuable for other reviews of prevalence studies.