bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density, refractive index, excess molar volumes and deviations in molar refraction at 298.15 K for binary and ternary mixtures of DIPE (OR TAME) + 1‐methanol (or 1‐propanol) + trihexyltetra‐decylphosphonium bis (2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl) phosphinate
Authors: Lee Jae‐Yeon , Park So‐Jin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe excess molar volumes (VE) and the deviations in molar refraction (ΔR) at 298.15 K were determined for the binary systems {diisopropyl ether (DIPE) + 1‐propanol}, {Tert‐amyl methyl ether (TAME) + methanol}, {DIPE + trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl)phosphinate ([P666,14][TMPP])}, {TAME + [P666,14][TMPP]}, {methanol + [P666,14][TMPP]} and {1‐propanol + [P666,14][TMPP]} using a digital vibrating‐tube densimeter and a precision digital refractometer. The VE and ΔR were correlated with the Redlich–Kister equation for binary systems. In addition, the ternary VE and ΔR data at 298.15 K were predicted for the ternary systems {DIPE + 1‐propanol + [P666,14][TMPP]} and {TAME + methanol + [P666,14][TMPP]} by using the binary contribution model of Radojkovič with correlated sub‐binary Redlich–Kister parameters. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Two step sequential treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent by Cryptococcus albidus and Emericella nidulans var. nidulans in 2L bioreactor
Authors: Singhal Anjali , Thakur Indu Shekhar 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA number of studies had shown biological treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent. However, almost all the studies have focused on reduction in physical and chemical parameters. Toxicity analysis, though very important, has been neglected. Thus in this study genotoxicity along with colour and lignin content were studied. Treatment of effluent, generated at the pulping stage in pulp and a paper mill, was done using two fungal strains, Cryptococcus albidus and Emericella nidulans var. nidulans, in sequential manner in 2 L bioreactor. Two different treatments were given. In treatment (I) effluent was first treated by C. albidus (stage A) and this treated effluent was further treated by E. nidulans var. nidulans (stage B). In treatment (II) effluent was first treated by E. nidulans var. nidulans (stage C) and this treated effluent was further treated by C. albidus (stage D). Treatment (I) was more efficient than treatment (II) with 71%, 51%, 44% and 70% reduction in colour, lignin, COD and genotoxicity, respectively. Class distribution of comets also showed that treatment (I) was more efficient than treatment (II). Colour content showed very good correlation (r2 = 0.99) with effluent toxicity. The effluent treatment process (I) can be scaled up for industrial use. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Study on the preparation of activated carbon for direct carbon fuel cell with oak sawdust
Authors: Zhang Jubing , Zhong Zhaoping , Zhao Jinxiao , Yang Min , Li Weiling , Zhang Huiyan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDirect carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is a device, which converts chemical energy of carbon into electrical energy through electrochemical oxidisation directly and its performance enormously depends on the characteristics of the fuel used. In this study, oak sawdust is used to prepare the activated carbon for the DCFC, with K2CO3 as the activating agent. Nickel catalyst is applied to improve the electrical conductivity, while HNO3 treatment is used for the purpose of surface modification and ash removal. The performance of the prepared activated carbon in DCFC is evaluated in a self‐built DCFC anode apparatus. The results show that the BET surface area of activated carbon reaches 1240 m2/g under the following conditions: activation temperature, 1173 K; activation time, 2 h; and impregnation ratio, 1. Electrical conductivity is well improved through the nickel catalyst while the amount of surface oxygen functional groups is increased and ash content is decreased through the HNO3 treatment. When used as the fuel in the DCFC anode, the self‐made activated carbon exhibits predominant performance among all tested carbon fuels, including graphite, activated carbon fibre, etc. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Removal of dark coloured and polyphenolic compounds of sugar beet vinasse by adsorption onto activated carbons: Application to a crosscurrent adsorption process
Authors: Caqueret Vincent , Cagnon Benoît , Bostyn Stéphane , Fauduet Henri 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSugar beet distillery vinasse is rich in betaine but the recovery of betaine by ionic exchange first requires removing ethanol‐insoluble compounds as well as dark coloured and polyphenolic compounds. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of the latter compounds were studied on two commercial activated carbons. The results show that the pseudo‐second order kinetic model provided the best correlation, and the Langmuir model was selected for describing the isotherms. The data can be used to conduct experiments with a view to applying the crosscurrent process methodology to determine the number of stages necessary for the discolouration of the solution. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Characterisation of the mixture product of ether‐soluble fraction of bio‐oil (ES) and bio‐diesel
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐Xiang , Jiang Jian‐Chun , Zhong Zhao‐Ping , Ellis Naoko , Wang Quan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA method of upgrading the properties of bio‐oil with bio‐diesel has been taken in this article. Firstly, the unpopular pyrolytic lignin fraction is extracted from bio‐oil using ether, the rest ether‐soluble fraction of bio‐oil, named ES is mixed with bio‐diesel according to emulsification. The optimal conditions for obtaining a stable ES/bio‐diesel mixture are with octanol surfactant dosage of 3% by volume; initial ES to bio‐diesel ratio of 4:6 by volume; stirring intensity of 1200 rpm; mixing time of 15 min and mixing temperature at 30°C. Additionally, selected fuel properties such as viscosity, water content and acid number are measured for characterising the ES/bio‐diesel mixture. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been used to further evaluate the thermal properties. Data from the TGA and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses confirm the presence or absence of certain group of chemical compounds in the mixture. Proton and carbon atoms assignments are further confirmed by 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and 13C NMR analysis, respectively. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Modeling λ‐invariants by p‐adic random matrices
Authors: Ellenberg Jordan S. , Jain Sonal , Venkatesh Akshay 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHow often is the p‐adic λ‐invariant of an imaginary quadratic field equal to m? We model this by the statistics of random p‐adic matrices, and test these predictions numerically. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A probabilistic strategy for temporal constraint management in scientific workflow systems
Authors: Liu Xiao , Ni Zhiwei , Chen Jinjun , Yang Yun 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn scientific workflow systems, it is critical to ensure the timely completion of scientific workflows. Therefore, temporal constraints as a type of QoS (Quality of Service) specification are usually required to be managed in scientific workflow systems. Specifically, temporal constraint management includes two basic tasks: setting temporal constraints at workflow build‐time and updating temporal constraints at workflow run‐time. For constraint setting, the current work mainly adopts user‐specified temporal constraints without considering the system performance. Hence, it may result in frequent temporal violations which deteriorate the overall workflow execution effectiveness. As regards constraint updating, although not well investigated, so far is in fact of great importance to workflow management tasks such as workflow scheduling and exception handling. In this paper, with a systematic analysis of the above issues, we propose a probabilistic strategy for temporal constraint management which utilizes a novel probability‐based temporal consistency model. Specifically for constraint setting, a negotiation process between the client and the service provider is designed to support the setting of coarse‐grained temporal constraints and then automatically derive the fine‐grained temporal constraints; for constraint updating, the probability time deficit/redundancy propagation process is proposed to update run‐time fine‐grained temporal constraints when workflow execution is either ahead of or behind the schedule. The effectiveness of our strategy is demonstrated through a case study on an example scientific workflow process in our scientific workflow system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wormometry‐on‐a‐chip: Innovative technologies for in situ analysis of small multicellular organisms
Authors: Wlodkowic Donald , Khoshmanesh Khashayar , Akagi Jin , Williams David E. , Cooper Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSmall multicellular organisms such as nematodes, fruit flies, clawed frogs, and zebrafish are emerging models for an increasing number of biomedical and environmental studies. They offer substantial advantages over cell lines and isolated tissues, providing analysis under normal physiological milieu of the whole organism. Many bioassays performed on these alternative animal models mirror with a high level of accuracy those performed on inherently low‐throughput, costly, and ethically controversial mammalian models of human disease. Analysis of small model organisms in a high‐throughput and high‐content manner is, however, still a challenging task not easily susceptible to laboratory automation. In this context, recent advances in photonics, electronics, as well as material sciences have facilitated the emergence of miniaturized bioanalytical systems collectively known as Lab‐on‐a‐Chip (LOC). These technologies combine micro‐ and nanoscale sciences, allowing the application of laminar fluid flow at ultralow volumes in spatially confined chip‐based circuitry. LOC technologies are particularly advantageous for the development of a wide array of automated functionalities. The present work outlines the development of innovative miniaturized chip‐based devices for the in situ analysis of small model organisms. We also introduce a new term “wormometry” to collectively distinguish these up‐and‐coming chip‐based technologies that go far beyond the conventional meaning of the term “cytometry.” © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Optimal reprogramming factor stoichiometry increases colony numbers and affects molecular characteristics of murine induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Tiemann Ulf , Sgodda Malte , Warlich Eva , Ballmaier Matthias , Schöler Hans R. , Schambach Axel , Cantz Tobias 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSomatic cells can be reprogrammed toward pluripotency by overexpression of a set of transcription factors, yielding induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with features similar to embryonic stem cells. Little is known to date about stoichiometric requirements of the individual reprogramming factors (RFs) for efficient reprogramming and especially about whether stoichiometry also influences the quality of derived iPSCs. To address this important issue, we chose bicistronic lentiviral vectors coexpressing fluorescent reporters (eGFP, dTomato, Cerulean, or Venus) along with the canonical RFs to transduce a bulk of murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Using a flow cytometric approach, we were able to independently and proportionally quantify all fluorophores in multiple‐infected MEFs and more importantly could sort these cells into all 16 stoichiometric combinations of high or moderate expression of the four factors. On average, we obtained about 600 alkaline phosphatase‐expressing colonies from 20,000 seeded cells. Interestingly, only seven different stoichiometric ratios gave rise to any colonies at all. The by far most colonies were obtained from those fractions, where Oct4 was in excess over the other three factors (2,386 colonies/20,000 cells), or where both Oct4 and c‐Myc were in excess over Sox2 and Klf4 (1,593 colonies/20,000 cells). Our findings suggest that increased Oct4 levels opposite to modest ones for Sox2 and Klf4 are required for satisfying reprogramming efficiencies and that these stoichiometries are also highly beneficial for achieving a stable pluripotent state independent of ectopic RF expression. Finally, the eligible Oct4high, Sox2low, and Klf4low subpopulation only resembles a small fraction of cells targeted by equal vector amounts, suggesting the necessity to address stoichiometry also in alternative approaches for iPSC generation or between different experimental systems. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Polarized light‐scattering profile—advanced characterization of nonspherical particles with scanning flow cytometry
Authors: Strokotov Dmitry I. , Moskalensky Alexander E. , Nekrasov Vyacheslav M. , Maltsev Valeri P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe instrumentally, theoretically, and experimentally demonstrate a new approach for characterization of nonspherical individual particles from light scattering. Unlike the original optical scheme of the scanning flow cytometer that measures an angle‐resolved scattering corresponding in general to S11 element of the light‐scattering matrix, the modernized instrument allows us to measure the polarized light‐scattering profile of individual particles simultaneously. Theoretically, the polarized profile is expressed by the combination of a few light‐scattering matrix elements. This approach supports us with additional independent data to characterize a particle with a complex shape and an internal structure. Applicability of the new method was demonstrated from analysis of polymer bispheres. The bisphere characteristics, sizes, and refractive indices of each sphere composing the bisphere were successfully retrieved from the solution of the inverse light‐scattering problem. The solution provides determination of the Eulerian angles, which describe the orientation of the bispheres relative to the direction of the incident laser beam and detecting polarizer of the optical system. Both the ordinary and polarized profiles show a perfect agreement with T‐matrix simulation resulting to 50‐nm precision for sizing of bispheres. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Negative images of crystalline immunoglobulin in crystal storing histiocytosis: A potential cytologic mimic of mycobacteria in smears
Authors: Ko Hyang Mi , da Cunha Santos Gilda , Boerner Scott L. , Bailey Denis J. , Geddie William R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwo cases are described of crystal storing histiocytosis (CSH) associated with extranodal marginal zone lymphoma, presenting as lung and subcutaneous masses respectively. Fine‐needle aspiration of subcutis and smears prepared from the resected lung masses showed negative images. Cytology slides of both cases were reviewed to identify cytomorphological features for the differential diagnosis between immunoglobulin crystals and mycobacteria. The crystals in CSH consist of straight and needle shaped rods with pointed or angular edges and are more variable in thickness than the uniformly thin mycobacteria. Mycobacteria show a haphazard distribution, whereas crystals are frequently present in parallel arrays. Small lymphoid or plasma cells are identified in the background of CSH, whereas a necrotic and inflammatory background is seen in mycobacteriosis. Additional samples for culture in the case of mycobacteriosis, or flow cytometry and molecular clonality testing in the case of CSH can provide critical data for a definitive diagnosis. Diagn.Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of an intraosseous amyloidoma
Authors: Factor Rachel E. , Layfield Lester J. , Grossmann Allie H. , Crim Julia R. , Price Shawn L. , Randall RL 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is frequently used as the initial diagnostic procedure for the investigation of bone and soft tissue masses. The majority of the lesions detected will represent metastatic carcinoma. Amyloid is a rare cause of a bone mass, with less than 15 published reports describing amyloid deposition within bone. The majority of reported cases involve the vertebral column. We report the finding of a massive amyloidoma of the iliac wing in a 46‐year‐old man. FNA smears and cell block preparations demonstrated fragments of waxy acellular material misinterpreted as necrotic debris. Subsequent open biopsy established the diagnosis of amyloid with congo red staining demonstrating apple green birefringence. Subsequent workup disclosed the patient to have anemia, hypogammaglobulinemia and trace monoclonal light chain gammopathy. Bone marrow examination revealed CD138a positive lambda restricted plasma cells consistent with plasma cell dyscrasia. Careful attention to the staining characteristics of amyloid in FNA derived material should allow the diagnosis of amyloidoma. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphometric image analysis of pancreatic disease by ThinPrep liquid‐based cytology
Authors: Taira Tomoki , Kawahara Akihiko , Yamaguchi Tomohiko , Abe Hideyuki , Ishida Yusuke , Okabe Yoshinobu , Naito Yoshiki , Yano Hirohisa , Kage Masayoshi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLiquid‐based cytology preparations are being increasingly used in nongynecologic specimens. The aim of this study is to objectively evaluate pancreatic disease by ThinPrep (TP) liquid‐based cytology using morphometric image analysis. In all, 30 patients undergoing preoperative evaluation of pancreatic disease by TP were investigated from January to April 2009. We analyzed cytological features, such as cluster area, cluster circularity, and nucleus area, using morphometric image analysis software and further investigated the cytological findings of TP to determine which are useful for detecting malignancy. Pancreatic cytological findings of TP showed small clusters and loss of cluster irregularity in malignant cells. The patients were diagnostically categorized as inadequate, normal or benign, indeterminate, suspected malignancy, and malignant in 6.6% (2), 46.7% (14), 13.3% (4), 13.3% (4), and 20.0% (6) of the cases, respectively. Morphometric image analysis of 28 patients by TP,excluding two inadequate patients, showed no statistical difference in cluster area or cluster circularity among these cytological categories. In contrast, nucleus area in the normal or benign, indeterminate, suspected malignancy, and malignant categories was 17.6, 57.2, 67.4, and 68.0 μm2, respectively, and was associated with diagnostic category (P < 0.05). Pancreatic cytological findings of TP preparations generally show small, round cluster shapes in pancreatic disease; however, nucleus size is a more important criteria for detecting malignancy by TP in pancreatic disease. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytomorphologic findings of Schneiderian papilloma: A case report
Authors: Rodic Nemanja , Maleki Zahra 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSchneiderian papilloma or inverted papilloma (IP) is the most common sinonasal papilloma yet a rare tumor with the greatest potential for recurrence and local destruction and association with malignant transformation. Tissue biopsy is routinely performed to examine these lesions. However, Fine needle aspiration may provide an immediate diagnosis. Herein, we report cytomorphologic findings of IP in a 46‐year‐old man with histopathologic correlation and review of the literature. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paget's disease of the breast masquerading as squamous cell carcinoma on cytology: A case report
Authors: Vohra Poonam , Ljung Britt‐Marie E. , Miller Theodore R. , Hwang Eun‐Sil , van Zante Annemieke 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPaget's disease is an uncommon manifestation of breast carcinoma occurring in 1–2% of female patients with breast cancer. Here, we present a case of Paget's disease of the breast, which was initially interpreted as squamous cell carcinoma on cytology. This case report raises two issues. First, histological and cytological specimens of Paget's disease show a mixed population of epithelial cells including squamous cells with reactive changes and malignant glandular cells. In the current case, a mixed population of atypical keratinizing and nonkeratinizing epithelial cells was initially interpreted as squamous cell carcinoma of cutaneous origin. The marked reactive changes in the squamous epithelium involved by Paget's disease should be recognized. Second, this case is an unusual clinical presentation for Paget's disease of the breast as the nipple‐areolar complex and underlying breast tissue were surgically absent at the time of diagnosis. Clinical suspicion, along with an awareness of the cytologic features and clinical presentation of Paget's disease, can help in reaching the correct diagnosis in a timely fashion. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The diagnostic reliability of urinary cytology: A retrospective study
Authors: Raisi O. , Magnani C. , Bigiani N. , Cianciavicchia E. , D'Amico R. , Muscatello U. , Ghirardini C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was twofold. The first aim was to estimate the diagnostic reliability of urinary cytology for detection and management of urothelial neoplasms by using a specific preserving fluid for sample collection, and the liquid‐based thin layer method for specimen preparation, the estimate was based on the correlation between the cytological findings of 10,000 non‐hospitalized patients, and their histological diagnoses. A second aim was to compare the reliability of two instruments for thin‐layer preparation, i.e., TP2000, TP3000, capable of processing the specimens at very different rates. The preservation of cell structure is ameliorated by the procedure of sample collection and treatment here described. This allows a more accurate reading of LBC slides as shown by: (a) the significant concordance between cytological and histological diagnosis (92%); (b) the significant number of low‐grade urothelial carcinomas (20.5%) revealed by urinary cytology and validated by histologic diagnosis; (c) the low rate (8%) of misjudgement of cytological diagnosis reached in this study. The quality of performances of the two instruments tested for thin‐layer preparation, i.e., TP2000 and TP3000, is statistically comparable. We recommend the procedure that makes use of preserving fluid for sample collection (cytolyt™) and treatment (preservcyt ™) as here described. We also recommend the use of thin‐layer method for specimen preparation since it allows a more uniform distribution of the cells on the support with reduction of overlapping phenomena. Finally, economic considerations suggest the preferential use of Thin Prep 3000. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones and Activated Olefins Using Chelating NHC Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Horn Sabine , Gandolfi Claudio , Albrecht Martin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ruthenium complexes consisting of different donor substituents attached to the NHC ligand efficiently catalyse the transfer hydrogenation of ketones and of activated olefins in α,β‐unsaturated ketones to give saturated alcohols. The most active catalyst precursor contains a tethered olefin as a hemilabile donor site. This complex also converts nitriles and, depending on the reaction conditions, either benzylamines are produced by means of transfer hydrogenation, or amides from formal addition of H2O. Kinetic analysis of the double hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated ketones indicates fast isomerisation of the enol intermediate to its saturated ketone tautomer prior to the second hydrogenation.