bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Chemical Composition and Internal Structure Influence Systemic Host Response to Implants of Biomaterials
Authors: Scaglione Silvia , Cilli Michele , Fiorini Mauro , Quarto Rodolfo , Pennesi Giuseppina 
Published: April 2011

In reconstructive surgery, implantable devices are used to supply a missing function. In tissue engineering, biomaterials serve to guide and eventually deliver cells and/or molecules where a tissue regenerative response is needed. The host organism always reacts to implants of any biomaterial, in some instances even triggering a local cascade of events called the foreign body response (FBR), whose mechanisms are well defined. What has yet to be completely unraveled are the biomarkers systemically mirroring the FBR and the regeneration processes, which would be helpful for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of the bioscaffold. Our goal was to identify a biomarker fingerprint of the systemic reaction of host response to bioscaffold implants. Different biomaterials chosen for their osteoconductive properties, including collagen, hydroxyapatite, in foam or granules, and poly-ɛ-caprolactone, were implanted in immunocompetent mice. We analyzed serum concentrations of cells and cytokines involved in the inflammatory/immune response, and the histological features of grafts. Within two weeks after implantation, a wave of proinflammatory cytokines was flowing in the blood stream and the concentration of blood cells changed, revealing specific patterns depending on the chemistry and structure of the implanted biomaterials. Cells secreting pro-inflammatory, chemoactractant, and pro-angiogenic cytokines required for the early events in tissue repair were locally recruited because of the presence of a bioscaffold.
Potential impacts of climate change on Northeast Pacific marine foodwebs and fisheries
Authors: Ainsworth C. H. , Samhouri J. F. , Busch D. S. , Cheung W. W. L. , Dunne J. , Okey T. A. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Ainsworth, C. H., Samhouri, J. F., Busch, D. S., Cheung, W. W. L., Dunne, J., and Okey, T. A. 2011. Potential impacts of climate change on Northeast Pacific marine foodwebs and fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1217–1229. Although there has been considerable research on the impacts of individual changes in water temperature, carbonate chemistry, and other variables on species, cumulative impacts of these effects have rarely been studied. Here, we simulate changes in (i) primary productivity, (ii) species range shifts, (iii) zooplankton community size structure, (iv) ocean acidification, and (v) ocean deoxygenation both individually and together using five Ecopath with Ecosim models of the northeast Pacific Ocean. We used a standardized method to represent climate effects that relied on time-series forcing functions: annual multipliers of species productivity. We focused on changes in fisheries landings, biomass, and ecosystem characteristics (diversity and trophic indices). Fisheries landings generally declined in response to cumulative effects and often to a greater degree than would have been predicted based on individual climate effects, indicating possible synergies. Total biomass of fished and unfished functional groups displayed a decline, though unfished groups were affected less negatively. Some functional groups (e.g. pelagic and demersal invertebrates) were predicted to respond favourably under cumulative effects in some regions. The challenge of predicting climate change impacts must be met if we are to adapt and manage rapidly changing marine ecosystems in the 21st century.
New Motion Analysis System for Characterization of the Chemosensory Response Kinetics of Rhodobacter sphaeroides under Different Growth Conditions
Authors: Kojadinovic Mila , Sirinelli Antoine , Wadhams George H. , Armitage Judith P. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

We developed a new set of software tools that enable the speed and response kinetics of large numbers of tethered bacterial cells to be rapidly measured and analyzed. The software provides precision, accuracy, and a good signal-to-noise ratio combined with ease of data handling and processing. The software was tested on the single-cell chemosensory response kinetics of large numbers of
Rhodobacter sphaeroides
cells grown under either aerobic or photoheterotrophic conditions and either in chemostats or in batch cultures, allowing the effects of growth conditions on responses to be accurately measured. Aerobically and photoheterotrophically grown
R. sphaeroides
exhibited significantly different chemosensory response kinetics and cell-to-cell variability in their responses to 100 μM propionate. A greater proportion of the population of aerobically grown cells responded to a 100 μM step decrease in propionate; they adapted faster and showed less cell-to-cell variability than photosynthetic populations. Growth in chemostats did not significantly reduce the measured cell to cell variability but did change the adaptation kinetics for photoheterotrophically grown cells.
13,16-Dimethyl Octacosanedioic Acid (
iso
-Diabolic Acid), a Common Membrane-Spanning Lipid of Acidobacteria Subdivisions 1 and 3
Authors: Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Rijpstra W. Irene C. , Hopmans Ellen C. , Weijers Johan W. H. , Foesel Bärbel U. , Overmann Jörg , Dedysh Svetlana N. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

The distribution of membrane lipids of 17 different strains representing 13 species of subdivisions 1 and 3 of the phylum
Acidobacteria
, a highly diverse phylum of the
Bacteria
, were examined by hydrolysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and by high-performance liquid chromatography-MS of intact polar lipids. Upon both acid and base hydrolyses of total cell material, the uncommon membrane-spanning lipid 13,16-dimethyl octacosanedioic acid (
iso
-diabolic acid) was released in substantial amounts (22 to 43% of the total fatty acids) from all of the acidobacteria studied. This lipid has previously been encountered only in thermophilic
Thermoanaerobacter
species but bears a structural resemblance to the alkyl chains of bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) that occur ubiquitously in peat and soil and are suspected to be produced by acidobacteria. As reported previously, most species also contained
iso
-C
15
and C
16:1ω7C
as major fatty acids but the presence of
iso
-diabolic acid was unnoticed in previous studies, most probably because the complex lipid that contained this moiety was not extractable from the cells; it could only be released by hydrolysis. Direct analysis of intact polar lipids in the Bligh-Dyer extract of three acidobacterial strains, indeed, did not reveal any membrane-spanning lipids containing
iso
-diabolic acid. In 3 of the 17 strains, ether-bound
iso
-diabolic acid was detected after hydrolysis of the cells, including one branched GDGT containing
iso
-diabolic acid-derived alkyl chains. Since the GDGT distribution in soils is much more complex, branched GDGTs in soil likely also originate from other (acido)bacteria capable of biosynthesizing these components.
Predatory Bdellovibrio Bacteria Use Gliding Motility To Scout for Prey on Surfaces
Authors: Lambert Carey , Fenton Andrew K. , Hobley Laura , Sockett R. Elizabeth 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
is a famously fast, flagellate predatory bacterium, preying upon Gram-negative bacteria in liquids; how it interacts with prey on surfaces such as in medical biofilms is unknown. Here we report that
Bdellovibrio
bacteria “scout” for prey bacteria on solid surfaces, using slow gliding motility that is present in flagellum-negative and pilus-negative strains.
The Proteome and Interactome of Streptococcus pneumoniae Phage Cp-1
Authors: Häuser Roman , Sabri Mourad , Moineau Sylvain , Uetz Peter 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Mass spectrometry analysis of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
bacteriophage Cp-1 identified a total of 12 proteins, and proteome-wide yeast two-hybrid screens revealed 17 binary interactions mainly among these structural proteins. On the basis of the resulting linkage map, we suggest an improved structural model of the Cp-1 virion.
Introduction of the D-genome chromosomes from bread wheat into hexaploid triticale with a complete rye genome
Authors: Lukaszewski A. J. , Apolinarska B. , Gustafson J. P. 
Published: April 2011

Hexaploid triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) lines selected from the progeny of octoploid × tetraploid triticale hybrids were karyotyped using C-banding. The number of D-genome chromosome pairs substituted for A- and (or) B-genome chromosomes ranged from 0 to 4, averaging 2.1 substitutions per line. Every D-genome chromosome was present in at least 1 of the 70 lines analyzed. The most frequent were chromosomes 3D and 6D, followed by 1D. Of the 14 possible substitutions, 12 were present in the homozygous condition, 1 (4D/4B) was still segregating, and 6D/6B was absent. With the exception of one 1D/1R substitution and one 7RS/4DS translocation, all lines had a complete rye genome. Key words: triticale, chromosome substitutions, D genome.
The association of a gene for leaf rust resistance with the chromosome 7D suppressor of stem rust resistance in common wheat
Authors: Dyck P. L. 
Published: April 2011

Backcross lines of gene LrT2 for resistance to leaf rust in the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 'Thatcher' unexpectedly show improved resistance to stem rust compared with that of the recurrent parent. Genetic–cytogenetic evidence indicates that LrT2 is on chromosome 7D, which is known to carry the "suppressor" gene(s) that prevent the expression of stem rust resistance conferred by other genes in 'Canthatch'. Thus, LrT2 may be a nonsuppressing allele of the suppressor gene(s) or be closely linked to such an allele. LrT2 has been designated Lr34. Key words: Triticum, wheat, rust resistance.
Cytology of triploid and pentaploid hybrids of Elymus trachycaulus × Pseudoroegneria spicata and P. spicata ssp. inermis
Authors: Aung Taing , Walton P. D. 
Published: April 2011

Emasculated clones of tetraploid and octaploid Elymus trachycaulus crossed with Pseudoroegneria spicata yielded 69 triploids and 13 pentaploid hybrids. The triploid hybrids were morphologically intermediate between the parental species but the pentaploid hybrids resembled E. trachycaulus more closely than P. spicata. A very high degree of plant size variability (very weak to very vigorous) was observed among the 50 triploids that survived to maturity. The variability among the pentaploids, though apparent, was not high. Mean chromosome associations among the selected eight triploids varied from low multivalent formation at meiosis (7.60 I + 6.18 II + 0.24 III + 0.08 IV) to high multivalent-forming meiosis (7.28 I + 5.66 II + 0.32 III + 0.36 IV). The bivalent configurations in these triploids were attributed to homoeologous pairing between the S1 genome of P. spicata and S genomes of E. trachycaulus and the multivalents indicated intergenomal and intragenomal pairings. Mean chromosome associations of 5.22 I + 11.94 II + 1.97 III in 78.7% and 7 I + 14 II in 21.3% of the 150 cells were distributed among the three pentaploid hybrids. The low frequency of trivalents and the absence of multivalents higher than trivalent configurations suggest that homoeologous pairing was substantially reduced and there was no intergenomal and intragenomal pairing in these 2n = 35 x hybrids. Fourteen triploids and three pentaploid hybrids were produced from 4x and 8x forms of E. trachycaulus and P. spicata spp. inermis crosses. The triploids were intermediate between the parents but the pentaploids were more similar to E. trachycaulus. Mean chromosome associations in the triploids (6.020 I + 5.315 II + 0.554 III + 0.235 IV + 0.250 V + 0.048 VI + 0.03 VII) and in the pentaploids (3.50 I + 10.18 II + 3.54 III + 0.13 IV) indicated a very high degree of intergenomal and intragenomal pairing in the triploids; nevertheless, it was greatly reduced in the pentaploids. The Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. inermis genome may have gene(s) that affect a high degree of intergenomal and intragenomal pairing in triploid hybrids with E. trachycaulus. However, in pentaploid hybrids (SS HH S2) the S and H genomes of E. trachycaulus in double dose seem to have restored its regular meiotic bahaviour, at least partially, and reduced homoeologous pairing as well as intergenomal and intragenomal pairing. Key words: Elymus trachycaulus, Pseudoroegneria spicata, regular meiotic behaviour, double dose, intergenomal pairing, intragenomal pairing.
Production, morphology, and cytogenetics of intergeneric hybrids of Elymus L. species with Triticum aestivum L. and their backcross derivatives
Authors: Yen Yang , Liu Dajun 
Published: April 2011

Elymus canadensis L. (2n = 28, SSHH), E. dahuricus Turcz. ex Griseb. (2n = 42, SSHH??), and E. cylindricus (Franch.) Honda (2n = 42, SSHH??) were successfully hybridized with Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring (2n = 42, AABBDD) by in vivo – in vitro embryo culture. The F1 hybrids were male sterile and morphologically intermediate to their parents. The average numbers of associated chromosome arms per cell were 0.24, 2.04, and 0.65, and the mean arm association frequencies were 0.0086, 0.0486, and 0.0155, respectively. The first backcross derivatives all resulted from fusion of an euploid, hypoploid, or hyperploid unreduced F1 female gamete with a normal male gamete of common wheat. They had average numbers of associated arms per cell of 27.10, 24.36, and 23.84, and average chromosome arm association frequencies of 0.644, 0.580, and 0.568, respectively. First backcross derivatives were male sterile but morphologically, closer to their wheat parents. This study shows that no homologous genomes exist between Elymus and Triticum and that gene transfer between these two genera would be very difficult but not impossible. Key words: cytogenetics, Elymus L., Triticum L., hybrid (intergeneric).
Cytomixis in Agropyron cristatum
Authors: Bauchan Gary R. , Linkous Li-Ching Wang , Tai William 
Published: April 2011

An Agropyron cristatum plant (CB-9-41), crested wheat grass, and its vegetative clones have been identified that contain pollen mother cells that have a gain or a loss in chromatin (DNA). CB-9-41 was identified during the course of an experiment to determine the effectiveness of colchicine on the doubling of the chromosome complement. The seeds that produced this plant were presoaked and then treated with a 0.1% aqueous solution of colchicine for 12 h. All stages of meiosis were studied in the original colchicine-treated plant and three vegetative clones that were obtained 17 years later. Approximately 40% of the pollen mother cells had meiotic irregularities. These irregularities were caused by multipolar meiosis (23%), precocious separation of bivalents at metaphase (8%), inversions (6%), and cytomixis (11%). The gain or loss of chromatin occurred as a result of cytomixis. Key words: crested wheat grass, extragenomic chromatin, multipolar meiosis, colchicine.
Synthetic and natural hybrids of Psathyrostachys huashanica
Authors: Wang Richard R. -C. 
Published: April 2011

Three synthetic hybrids and two natural hybrids involving Psathyrostachys huashanica are reported. Gross spike morphology of the hybrids of Pseudoroegneria cognata and Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. inermis with P. hauashanica was not as indicative of hybridity as in other hybrids involving P. huashanica. Meiotic analyses of these two synthetic hybrids confirmed that little homology exists between the genomes S and Nh. Coenocytism in the hybrids P. huashanica × Secale montanum led to the formation of pseudomicrospores in nondehiscent anthers. No metaphase through telophase chromosome stages could be observed and thus the relationship between genomes Nh and R could not be assessed. Intermediate spike morphology of, and the sterility in, natural hybrids of P. huashanica with P. fragilis and P. juncea substantiated their hybridity. High meiotic pairing in hybrids between P. huashanica and P. fragilis, averaging 1.03 I + 6.48 II, indicated a close relationship between the two species. Occasional high pairing and frequent abnormal meiosis, manifested by degenerating prophase pollen mother cells (PMCs) and empty anthers lacking PMCs of later stages, in the hybrid P. huashanica × P. juncea suggested a more distant relationship between the parental species. It is concluded that P. fragilis is more closely related to P. huashanica than P. juncea. Key words: hybrid (intergeneric), hybrid (interspecific), genome, coenocyte, chromosome diminution, Psathyrostachys, Pseudoroegneria, Secale.
Inheritance of some physiological factors of productivity in barley
Authors: Sarrafi A. , Planchon C. , Ecochard R. , Sioud Y. 
Published: April 2011

Reciprocal crosses were made among seven barley genotypes of diverse origin. Parents and 42 F1's were grown in a randomized block design with four replications in the greenhouse. Chlorophyll fluorescence activity of the penultimate leaf (below flag leaf) of the main stem at flowering were measured for each plant. Leaf blade area and its duration were also determined for the above-mentioned leaves. "Leaf blade area × leaf life duration" was also used as a trait. Results of diallel analysis showed that both general and specific combining abilities were significant for all the characters studied. General combining ability values and effects were usually more important than those of specific combining ability, showing the importance of additive genetic control for the traits. Reciprocal effects were significant only for chlorophyll fluorescence activity. Narrow sense heritability values for leaf area, leaf duration, and its chlorophyll fluorescence activity were 87.9, 66.8, and 77.4%, respectively. Key words: combining ability, reciprocal effect, heritability, fluorescence, leaf area.
A gene involved in the resistance of wheat to wheatgrass powdery mildew fungus
Authors: Tosa Y. , Tsujimoto H. , Ogura H. 
Published: April 2011

A gene for resistance to Erysiphe graminis was detected in the common wheat cultivars 'Norin 4', 'Norin 26', 'Norin 29', 'Shin-chunaga', and 'Penjamo 62', using a hybrid culture derived from E. graminis f.sp. agropyri × E. graminis f.sp. tritici. The gene was located on chromosome 1D and designated Pm10. Pm10 was considered to be involved in the resistance of wheat to the wheatgrass powdery mildew fungus. Key words: wheat, resistance, powdery mildew, Erysiphe graminis.
Colchicine-induced desynaptic mutations in Lathyrus odoratus L. and L. pratensis L.
Authors: Khawaja H. I. T. , Ellis J. R. 
Published: April 2011

Partially desynaptic mutant plants were observed in colchicine-treated, undoubled Lathyrus odoratus (2n = 14) and L. pratensis (2n = 14) and also in a L. odoratus (C1) seedling with 2n = 27 and in a triploid (C0) L. pratensis (2n = 21). The affected plants showed varying numbers of univalents at metaphase I and reduced fertility. A total of seven independent cases of desynapsis were observed. In diploid L. odoratus the cytology of one of the mutants was recorded for three consecutive generations and all the plants showed partial desynapsis. This suggested that the mutant plants were true breeding and the cytological abnormality was an inherited trait. Inheritance studies in partially and totally desynaptic mutant lines of diploid L. odoratus indicated that the two mutations were monogenic recessive, nonallelic, and not linked. Key words: Lathyrus, desynaptic mutation.
Karyological identification of two taxa of the Anopheles balabacensis complex from Burma
Authors: May Khin 
Published: April 2011

Giemsa and Hoechst staining of neuroblast chromosomes were used to identify two strains of the Anopheles balabacensis complex from Burma. The laboratory colony of Kwan-ka-thaung (KKT) strain is shown to correspond to A. dirus A, while the laboratory colony of Taikkyi (TKK) strain corresponds to A. dirus C as defined by earlier studies on material from Thailand. Key words: Anopheles chromosomes, A. dirus A, A. dirus C.
The pattern of sex chromosome kinetochore phosphorylation during nonrandom segregation in a flea beetle
Authors: Kupfer Holly , Wise Dwayne 
Published: April 2011

In the flea beetle species, Alagoasa bicolor, males have two sex chromosomes, X and Y, each of which is larger than the rest of the genome combined. These large sex chromosomes do not pair at meiosis I, and are therefore not joined at metaphase I. Nevertheless, they always segregate from each other at anaphase I. As prometaphase I progresses, the unpaired X and Y undergo reorientation from a parallel to a linear configuration. Using 3F3/2, an antibody that detects the level of phosphorylation of a kinetochore protein or proteins, we have determined that this reorientation is not accompanied by a change in the level of phosphorylation of the kinetochores of either X or Y. This implies that: i) either the reorientation does not involve the loss or gain of kinetochore microtubules, or ii) if such loss or gain occurs, it does not effect a change in the tension placed on the nonrandomly segregating kinetochores, or iii) the sex chromosomes, as in some other species, have lost the ability to sense kinetochore tension changes. Evolution of nonrandom segregation may necessitate the inability of the participating chromosomes to affect the metaphase checkpoint.Key words: nonrandom segregation, sex chromosomes, kinetochores.
Effects of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL protein levels on chemoresistance of hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell line
Authors: Luo Dan , Cheng Samuel Chak-Sum , Xie Hong , Xie Yong 
Published: April 2011

The ratio between apoptotic promoters and repressors in the Bcl-2 family determines the chemosensitivity of cells to apoptotic stimuli. This study examines the chemoresistance of a transfected human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell-line during Taxol and Doxorubicin application. Sense bcl-2, and anti-sense bcl-XL gene fragments were separately inserted into HepG2 cells via stable transfection. The expression profile of the Bcl-2 family proteins was determined by Western blot analysis. Chemosensitivity of the transfected cells was measured by Trypan blue exclusion assay and XTT reduction assay during drug application. In the absence of Bax protein, HepG2 cells with elevated Bcl-2 protein levels did not exhibit any significant increase in chemosensitivity towards the drugs. Transfected cells with reduced Bcl-XL levels became more sensitive to the drugs, and a significant difference in IC50 values was observed. The chemosensitivity of HepG2 cells to Taxol and Doxorubicin was not affected by Bcl-2 levels, while reduction of Bcl-XL levels rendered the cells more sensitive to the drugs. This suggests that the Bcl-2 protein alone could not protect HepG2 cells from drug-induced apoptosis, and that the Bcl-XL protein may be a target for gene therapy in hepatoblastoma treatment. Key words: apoptosis, chemoresistance, Taxol, Doxorubicin, hepatoblastoma.
Purification and partial characterization of peptidase-1, a sex-linked enzyme inPleurodeles waltl(urodele amphibian)
Authors: Rudolf Etienne , Girardet Jean-Michel , Bautz Anne-Marie , Dournon Christian 
Published: April 2011

Peptidase-1 is a sex-linked enzyme, which can be purified from the liver of the amphibian urodele Pleurodeles waltl. We estimated its apparent molecular mass as 170 kDa by gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme is composed of two subunits with apparent molecular masses of 90 and 99 kDa. It is strongly inhibited by ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid, ethylene glycol bis( beta -aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid, and 1,10-phenanthroline, indicating that peptidase-1 is a metallopeptidase. Peptidase-1 has optimal activity at 55°C and pH 8.5. This acidic enzyme displays two apparent isoelectric points, at 4.9 and 5.2, and is essentially located in the cytosolic subcellular fraction.Key words: peptidase-1, amphibian, purification, characterization, sex-linked enzyme.