bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term Therapy with Celecoxib and Lansoprazole Modulates Th1/ Th2 Immune Response in Human Gastric Mucosa
Authors: Larussa Tiziana , Suraci Evelina , Leone Isabella , Nazionale Immacolata , Abenavoli Ludovico , Galasso Olimpio , Amorosi Andrea , Imeneo Maria , Luzza Francesco 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Selective cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors and proton pump inhibitors may exert immune‐mediated effects in human gastric mucosa. T‐cell immune response plays a role in Helicobacter pylori‐induced pathogenesis. This study evaluated effects of celecoxib and lansoprazole on T‐helper (Th) 1 and Th2 immune response in human gastric mucosa.Methods:  Dyspeptic patients with or without osteoarticular pain were given one of the following 4‐week therapies: celecoxib 200 mg, celecoxib 200 mg plus lansoprazole 30 mg, and lansoprazole 30 mg daily. Expression of COX‐2, T‐bet, and pSTAT6 and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interferon (IFN)‐γ, and interleukin (IL)‐4 were determined in gastric biopsies before and after therapy. Histology was evaluated.Results:  Cyclooxygenase‐2 expression and PGE2 production was higher, and Th1 signaling pathway was predominant in H. pylori‐infected vs. uninfected patients. T‐bet expression and IFN‐γ production increased, while STAT6 activation and IL‐4 production decreased following therapy with celecoxib and celecoxib plus lansoprazole, respectively. Th1 and Th2 signaling pathways down‐regulated after therapy with lansoprazole, and this was associated with an improvement of gastritis. Effect of therapy was not affected by H. pylori status.Conclusion:  Celecoxib and lansoprazole modulate Th1/Th2 immune response in human gastric mucosa. The use of these drugs may interfere with long‐term course of gastritis.
Addressing Health and Environment Concerns in Sustainable Development with Special Reference to Participatory Planning Initiatives such as Healthy Cities
Authors: Von Schirnding Y.E.R. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTWith massive urbanization occurring worldwide, environment and health concerns have reached near‐crisis dimensions in many cities throughout the world. Whilst age‐old environmental health hazards such as unsafe food and water, microbiological contamination of the environment, overall poor sanitation, and inadequate environmental hygiene are today still prevalent, new environment and development problems have emerged, some of which appear to threaten the entire ecosystem.Environment and health problems today are complex, multidisciplinary in nature, interrelated, and often ill‐defined with uncertain solutions. New and innovative approaches are needed to tackle such problems in the future, with development, environment, and health concerns addressed together in a coordinated and integrated way. The total environment must be supportive of health development.This paper highlights some of the key milestones in the recent history of the environment and public health fields, which have been instrumental in the development of more integrated approaches to addressing crosscutting environment and health problems, with particular emphasis placed on initiatives such as Agenda 21. It then discusses the concept and philosophy of the successful “Healthy Cities” project, which is an urban health and development project initiated by the World Health Organization to address more effectively health and environment issues at the local level. Other strategies such as the “Sustainable Cities” initiative are also mentioned. Finally, attention is drawn to some of the successes that have been achieved through participatory planning initiatives, and the implications for implementation in respect to institutional restructuring, human resource needs, and information systems are highlighted.
Discussion
Authors: COIRAULT R. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYAs has been shown in 1958, the isolated epileptic seizure is accompanied by an acute extrusion of sodium, with an increase in urinary sodium concentration giving rise to a phenomenon of depolarization.In the case of recurrent seizures there is no increase in urinary sodium but each seizure is followed by an increase in blood sodium concentration.In epilepsy of long standing, there is intracellular sodium retention and loss of potassium, calcium and magnesium. These observations confirm the findings obtained by Schneider.The problem posed by the changes in sodium values is that of intervention of the secretion of adrenocortical hormones, particularly aldosterone. The role of 17‐OH and the influence of triamcinolone and spirolactone must be considered.RÉSUMÉLa crise épileptique isolée s'accompagne, comme nous l'avons montré en 1958, d'une brutale extrusion de sodium, avec augmentation de la natriurie, réalisant un phénomène de dépolarisation.S'il s'agit de crises répétées, il n'y a plus augmentation du sodium urinaire mais seulement après chaque crise augmentation du sodium sanguin. Dans l'état de mal épileptique prolongé, il y a une rétention sodée intra‐cellulaire et une fuite de potassium, calcium et magnésium. Nos recherches aboutissent done aux měmes constatations que celles retenues par Schneider.Les variations sodées posent en particulier le problème d'une intervention de la secrétion des hormones cortico‐surrénales et plus particulièrement de l'aldostérone. Le r&#x006f;&#x030c;le des 17‐OH se discute, ainsi que l'influence de la triamcinolone et de la spirolactone.
Greater Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia in Older Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Qureshi Salah U. , Kimbrell Timothy , Pyne Jeffrey M. , Magruder Kathy M. , Hudson Teresa J. , Petersen Nancy J. , Yu Hong‐Jen , Schulz Paul E. , Kunik Mark E. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVES:To explore the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dementia in older veterans.DESIGN: Administrative database study of individuals seen within one regional division of the Veterans Affairs healthcare network.SETTING: Veterans Integrated Service Network 16.PARTICIPANTS: Veterans aged 65 and older who had a diagnosis of PTSD or who were recipients of a Purple Heart (PH) and a comparison group of the same age with no PTSD diagnosis or PH were divided into four groups: those with PTSD and no PH (PTSD+/PH−, n=3,660), those with PH and no PTSD (PTSD−/PH+, n=1,503), those with PTSD and a PH (PTSD+/PH+, n=153), and those without PTSD or a PH (PTSD−/PH−, n=5,165).MEASUREMENTS: Incidence and prevalence of dementia after controlling for confounding factors in multivariate logistic regression.RESULTS: The PTSD+/PH− group had a significantly higher incidence and prevalence of dementia than the groups without PTSD with or without a PH. The prevalence and incidence of a dementia diagnosis remained two times as high in the PTSD+/PH− group as in the PTSD−/PH+ or PTSD−/PH− group after adjusting for the confounding factors. There were no statistically significant differences between the other groups.CONCLUSION: The incidence and prevalence of dementia is greater in veterans with PTSD. It is unclear whether this is due to a common risk factor underlying PTSD and dementia or to PTSD being a risk factor for dementia. Regardless, this study suggests that veterans with PTSD should be screened more closely for dementia. Because PTSD is so common in veterans, this association has important implications for veteran care.
Effect of Hospitalists on Length of Stay in the Medicare Population: Variation According to Hospital and Patient Characteristics
Authors: Kuo Yong‐Fang , Goodwin James S. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVES: To assess how shorter length of stay (LOS) associated with hospitalist care than with care by other physicians varied according to patient and hospital characteristics and to explore whether these differences in LOS changed over time in the Medicare population.DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using data from a 5% national sample of Medicare beneficiaries.SETTING: Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: To examine temporal trends, 1,981,654 Medicare admissions in 2001 to 2006 at 5,036 U.S. hospitals were used. To examine the influence of patient and hospital characteristics, 314,590 admissions in 2006 were used.MEASUREMENTS: Hospital LOS.RESULTS: In multivariable analyses controlling for patient and hospital characteristics, differences in LOS associated with hospitalist care increased from 0.02 fewer days in 2001/02 to 0.22 days in 2003/04 to 0.35 days in 2005/06. For 2006 admissions, differences in LOS were greater in older patients and patients with a higher diagnosis‐related group (DRG) weight. The differences were three times as great for medical as for surgical DRGs, with greater differences in LOS at nonprofit than for‐profit hospitals and at community than teaching hospitals.CONCLUSION: The shorter LOS associated with hospitalist care would appear to be greatest in older, complicated, nonsurgical patients cared for at community hospitals.
Potentially Reversible Resident Factors Associated with Rejection of Care Behaviors
Authors: Ishii Shinya , Streim Joel E. , Saliba Debra 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVES: To identify the potentially modifiable resident‐level factors associated with rejection of care in nursing home (NH) residents.DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a 3.0 national field test to revise the Minimum Data Set (MDS).SETTING: Seventy‐one NHs in eight states.PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand two hundred thirty NH residents scheduled for MDS assessments from September 2006 through February 2007.MEASUREMENTS: The potentially mutable characteristics assessed were mood (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9), delirium (Confusion Assessment Method), delusions, hallucinations or illusions, hearing impairment, vision impairment, pain severity, and infection diagnoses. Characteristics considered as covariates were cognition, communication abilities, and impairment in activities of daily living.RESULTS: Of 3,230 residents assessed, 312 (9.7%) had demonstrated rejection of care in the preceding 5 days. In multiple regression analysis adjusted for covariates, rejection of care was associated with delusions (odds ratio (OR)=3.9; 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.5–6.0), delirium (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.3–2.4), minor (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.5–2.8) and major (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.5–3.4) depression, and severe to horrible pain (OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.1–2.3). Infection diagnoses were not significant in bivariate analysis. Hallucinations or illusions, mild to moderate pain, and hearing and vision impairment were not significant in multiple regression analysis.CONCLUSION: In this population, delirium, delusions, depression, and severe pain were associated with rejection of care, suggesting that some care rejection behaviors may resolve with appropriate interventions for the identified target conditions if the associations observed are causal.
Effect of a Zoster Vaccine on Herpes Zoster–Related Interference with Functional Status and Health‐Related Quality‐of‐Life Measures in Older Adults
Authors: Schmader Kenneth E. , Johnson Gary R. , Saddier Patricia , Ciarleglio Maria , Wang William W.B. , Zhang Jane H. , Chan Ivan S.F. , Yeh Shing‐Shing , Levin Myron J. , Harbecke Ruth M. , Oxman Michael N. ,   for the Shingles Prevention Study Group
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of a zoster vaccine on herpes zoster (HR)‐related interference with activities of daily living (ADLs) and health‐related quality of life (HRQL).DESIGN: Randomized double‐blind placebo controlled trial.SETTING: Twenty‐two U.S. sites.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty eight thousand five hundred forty‐six women and men aged 60 and olcer.MEASUREMENTS: HZ burden of interference with ADLs and HRQL using ratings from the Zoster Brief Pain Inventory (ZBPI) and Medical Outcomes Study 12‐item Short Form Survey (SF‐12) mental component summary (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) scores. Vaccine efficacy was calculated for the modified‐intention‐to‐treat trial population and solely in participants who developed HZ.RESULTS: For the modified‐intention‐to‐treat population, the overall zoster vaccine efficacy was 66% (95% confidence interval (CI)=55–74%) for ZBPI ADL burden of interference score and 55% (95% CI=48–61%) for both the SF‐12 MCS and PCS scores. Of participants who developed HZ, zoster vaccine reduced the ZBPI ADL burden of interference score by 31% (95% CI=12–51%) and did not significantly reduce the effect on HRQL.CONCLUSIONS: Zoster vaccine reduced the burden of HZ‐related interference with ADLs in the population of vaccinees and in vaccinees who developed HZ. Zoster vaccine reduced the effect of HZ on HRQL in the population of vaccinees but not in vaccinees who developed HZ.
Relationship Between Quality of Care of Hospitalized Vulnerable Elders and Postdischarge Mortality
Authors: Arora Vineet M. , Fish Melissa , Basu Anirban , Olson Jared , Plein Colleen , Suresh Kalpana , Sachs Greg , Meltzer David O. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between quality of hospital care, as measured by Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders (ACOVE) quality indicators (QI), and postdischarge mortality for hospitalized seniors.DESIGN: Observational cohort study.SETTING: Single academic medical center.PARTICIPANTS: Patients aged 65 and older who were identified as “vulnerable” using the Vulnerable Elder Survey (VES‐13).MEASUREMENTS: Adherence to 16 ACOVE measures through chart audit; postdischarge mortality obtained from Social Security Death Index.RESULTS: One thousand eight hundred fifty‐six inpatient vulnerable older adults were enrolled. Mean quality‐of‐care score was 59.5±19.2%, and 495 (26.7%) died within 1 year of discharge. In multivariate logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographic and disease severity variables (Charlson comorbidity score, VES‐13 score, number of QIs triggered, length of stay, baseline activity of daily living limitations, code status), higher quality of care appeared to be associated with lower risk of death at 1 year. For each 10% increase in quality score, patients were 7% less likely to die (odds ratio=0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.87–1.00; P=.045). In Cox proportional hazard models, hospitalized patients receiving quality of care better than the median quality score were less likely to die during the 1‐year period after discharge (hazard ratio (HR)=0.82, 95% CI=0.68–1.00; P=.05). Patients who received a nutritional status assessment were less likely to die during the year after discharge (HR=0.61, 95% CI=0.40–0.93; P=.02).CONCLUSION: Higher quality of care for hospitalized seniors, as measured using ACOVE measures, may be associated with a lower likelihood of death 1 year after discharge. Given these findings, future work testing interventions to improve adherence to these QIs is warranted.
Association between Population Density and The Market Areas of Towns
Authors: Webber M. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between population density and town spacing in four kinds of environment. These are: (1) linear curves of demand, transport and production costs and an even population distribution; (2) nonlinear transport cost curves over space; (3) variable population density within hinterlands; and (4) variation of transport costs with population density.Previously, it has been shown that the criterion of free entry does not uniquely determine town spacing. The implications of four stronger criteria are therefore examined in this paper. These location criteria are: (a) the number of towns is maximized; (b) the number of towns in minimized, subject to all consumers' being served; (c) the towns are all owned by one profit‐maximizing monopolist; and (d) the average of some consumer utility function is maximized. In cases (a), (c), and (d) spacing decreases with density; in (b) spacing is an increasing function of density. Actual data are presented on the spacing of towns in Iowa and shopping centers in Chicago which indicate that spacing and population density are not associated. These results are consistent with the notion that entry is free but are not consistent with the stronger constraints employed in this paper.
A Comparison of Simple Lattice Transport Networks for a Uniform Plain
Authors: Melut Pierre , O'Sullivan Patrick 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe objective is to compare construction and transport costs for triangular, orthogonal, and hexagonal regular lattices as transport networks serving a uniform, unbounded plain. The lattices are standardized so that the average distance from the elementary area to the edge is the same for each. This standardization results in equal construction costs for the three networks; thus, the comparison can be made in terms of route factors, which favors the triangular lattice over the other two.
A Climatic Model of Urban Energy Budgets
Authors: Terjung Werner H. , Louie Stella S‐F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA deductive model of the energy budgets of urban landscapes, based on the exchanges of energy, mass, and momentum, is introduced. The absorption of shortwave and longwave radiation and their dissipation via the channels of reradiation, convection, conduction, and evaporation are generated by the model in order to simulate the interplay of the many energy cascades among the myriad of city surfaces. A city can be geographically analyzed by determining its energy budget and resultant surface temperatures on a block‐by‐block basis. In spite of some simplifying assumptions, the predictions of surface temperatures of this initial model compare favorably with observations.
Underlying Regularities to Mental Maps: An Investigation of Relationships among Age, Experience, and Spatial Preferences
Authors: Jackson L. E. , Johnston R. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAttempts were made to relate respondent characteristics to their stated residential preferences for a range of urban areas. Specifically, it was postulated that preferences are based on information, that direct experience is a major influence on information received, and respondent age affects the structuring of that information. To test these, preference data were collected from 181 Christchurch students of various age groups for 20 urban places. Principal components analyses of the total data matrix and of various sub‐matrices defined by age groups and experience of the various places indicated substantial differences between the groups. Partial ordinal correlations indicated few clear relationships between preferences and the two independents, however. The conclusion must be that although age and experience apparently differentiate groups with different preferences, there are still many problems in finding order to these variations.
On a Class of Map Transformations
Authors: Sen Ashish K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper considers contiguity preserving map transformations (or cartograms) that have a preassigned arcal scale. Because for each such scale it is possible to construct infinitely many transformations, this paper investigates restrictions under which such cartograms are possible. It is shown that it is possible to construct transformations that preserve the location of boundaries and of any finite number of predefined points. However, these cartograms are often quite distorted. Different types of distortions and suitable measures are discussed.
A Generalization of the Utility Theory Approach To the Problem of Spatial Interaction
Authors: White Roger W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe derivation of the gravity model from utility theory is reformulated and generalized in order to show (1) how both the number of trips to individual destinations and the total travel budget may be determined simultaneously, and (2) how the effect of both distance and destination quality on trip distribution and total budget may be analyzed. Results are compared with the revealed space preference approach and are found to be superior in dealing theoretically with trip frequency and the effects of spatial context. For empirical applications, however, the revealed preference approach is advantageous.
Equity and Efficiency in Public Facility Location
Authors: McAllister Donald M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn designing a system of urban public service centers, planners should consider both equity and efficiency effects in selecting the size of each center and the spacing between centers. The paper establishes theoretical and operational concepts for evaluating equity and efficiency, as affected by size and spacing alternatives. No objective means exists for determining the relative importance of equity and efficiency, so the decision, ultimately, is subjective. However, theoretical, empirical and simulation evidence indicate that equity is more sensitive than efficiency to the selection of size and spacing, within a wide range of alternatives. This suggests that the equity criterion is important in the design of public service systems, and deserves more attention in the public facility location literature than it has received in the past.
A Hierarchical Migration Model of Population Redistribution within a Central Place Hierarchy
Authors: Huff James O. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA simple hierarchical migration model is proposed as a mechanism for the redistribution of population within a Christaller central place hierarchy. Given a predefined functional hierarchy, the migration process causes any initial population distribution to converge to an equilibrium distribution. Under certain special conditions, the equilibrium is identical to a central place population distribution derived from economic base concepts.
Facility Location with Changing Demand Levels
Authors: Davies Omar , Thomas Ewart A. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe paper identifies six strategies that may be considered by a planner in the location of public facilities over time. All the strategies share the common goal of producing the optimal locational arrangement at the end of a specified planning period, where optimality is defined in terms of cost minimization. However, the paths taken by each toward the optimal arrangement differ markedly.The analysis focuses on two main questions. The first is a comparison at any given point in time of the demand levels that result from implementing the various strategies. The second is a consideration of the relative costs involved in instituting two of the strategies. The appendix supplies the proofs of the main theorems derived for the demand level comparisons.
Properties of a General Hierarchial City‐size Model
Authors: Mulligan Gordon 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBeckmann and McPherson recently outlined a general hierarchial model of city size. The authors argued that by imposing particular constraints upon this general model they would make it compatible both with the rank‐size rule and a much simpler (basic progression component) model previously outlined in the literature. The present paper challenges these two contentions. It is first demonstrated that the constraints proposed by Beckmann and McPherson do not lead to either form of compatibility. Then the author illustrates how such compatibility may in fact exist under somewhat different conditions.