bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
c‐Rel promotes type 1 and type 17 immune responses during Leishmania major infection
Authors: Reinhard Katharina , Huber Magdalena , Wostl Corinna , Hellhund Anne , Toboldt Anne , Abass Elfadil , Casper Bärbel , Joeris Thorsten , Herr Christian , Bals Robert , Steinhoff Ulrich , Lohoff Michael , Visekruna Alexander 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRecent studies demonstrated the crucial role of c‐Rel in directing Treg lineage commitment and its involvement in T helper 1 (Th1) cell‐mediated autoimmune inflammation. We thus wondered whether these opposite functions of c‐Rel influence the course of antiparasitic immune responses against Leishmania major, an accepted model for the impact of T‐cell subsets on disease outcome. Here we show that c‐Rel‐deficient (rel−/−) mice infected with L. major displayed dramatically exacerbated leishmaniasis and enhanced parasite burdens. In contrast to WT mice, IFN‐γ and IL‐17 production in response to L. major antigens was severely impaired in rel−/− mice. Reconstitution of Rag1−/− T‐cell deficient mice with rel−/− CD4+ T cells followed by L. major infection demonstrated that c‐Rel‐deficient T cells mount normal Th1 responses and are able to contain the infection. Similarly, Th1 differentiation of naïve CD4+ cells in vitro was normal. Notably, a selective defect in IL‐12 and IL‐23 production was observed in rel−/− DCs compared with their WT counterparts. In conclusion, our data suggest that the expression of c‐Rel in myeloid cells is essential for clearance of L. major and that this c‐Rel‐mediated effect is dominant over the lack of Tregs.
Group 1 CD1‐restricted T cells take center stage
Authors: Young Mary H. , Gapin Laurent 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe recognition of lipid antigens by T cells is a complex and fascinating phenomenon. The MHC‐like molecules of the CD1 family have evolved to present a wide variety of both self and foreign lipids for recognition by T‐cell receptors. While much progress has been made in our understanding of the NKT cells that recognize lipids presented by CD1d molecules, our knowledge of the T‐cell populations directed at the related group 1 CD1 molecules, i.e. CD1a, CD1b and CD1c, has lagged behind. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a study identifies a surprisingly large portion of human peripheral blood T cells as being autoreactive to the group 1 CD1 proteins. This work and other recent developments highlight the presence of a substantial number of unconventional T cells as part of our normal T‐cell repertoire. This interesting finding is discussed in details in this commentary.
Mixed‐Metal d‐f Phosphonate Frameworks – Photoluminescence and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Rocha João , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Shi Fa‐Nian , Ananias Duarte , Silva Nuno J. O. , Carlos Luís D. , Trindade Tito 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe synthesis and structural characterisation of a novelfamily of highly symmetric (rhombohedral crystal system) frameworks, incorporating d‐ and f‐block elements formulated as [LnFeIIIFeII6(Hpmida)6]·nH2O [Ln = Nd3+ (1), Gd3+ (2), Tb3+ (3), Er3+ (4)] is reported. This is the second example of a family of porous mixed d‐f MOFs containing high‐spin Fe2+ centres. These materials were prepared from an eutectic mixture (1:1 molar ratio, choline chloride/malonic acid) with a small amount of added water and isolated directly in large amounts as single crystalline phases. The structural details were revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, variable‐temperature powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, vibrational and Mössbauer spectroscopy and electron microscopy (SEM and EDS). Networks are assembled by unusual [Fe2(Hpmida)2]2– dimeric units, which connect to each other and to the lanthanide centres to form a 3D porous framework. The empty voids of this framework accommodate charge‐balancing Fe3+ cations and uncoordinated water molecules, which are readily released without structural collapse at temperatures below 250 °C. The photoluminescence and magnetic properties of the compounds were studied at ambient and low temperature.
Donor‐Acceptor Couples and Late Transition Metal Complexes of Oxidation‐Labile 1,4,5,8‐Tetrakis(guanidino)naphthalene Superbases
Authors: Vitske Viktoriia , Roquette Pascal , Leingang Simone , Adam Christian , Kaifer Elisabeth , Wadepohl Hubert , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this manuscript the reactivity of the two oxidation‐labile superbases 1,4,5,8‐tetrakis(N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylguanidino)naphthalene and the newly synthesized 1,4,5,8‐tetrakis(N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐ethylene‐guanidino)naphthalene(tdmegn) are discussed and compared with that of related organic electron donors. The work includes oxidation with inorganic and organic oxidation reagents, as well as the preparation and characterization of dinuclear CoII, NiII and CuI complexes. Magnetic coupling in the dinuclear CoII and NiII complexes is studied on the basis of SQUID measurements. Finally, the results of experiments on the oxidation of the dinuclear CuI complexes are presented.
Reaction of a Base‐Stabilized Bis(silylene) [PhC(NtBu)2Si]2 with Cyclooctatetraene without Cleavage of the Si–Si Bond
Authors: Sen Sakya S. , Khan Shabana , Kratzert Daniel , Roesky Herbert W. , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe reaction of the benzamidinato‐stabilized bis(silylene) [PhC(NtBu)2Si]2 with cyclooctatetraene resulted in the formation of a colorless compound 7 whithout cleavage of the Si–Si bond of the bis(silylene), whereas one of each Si–N(ligand) bond is opened. Compound 7 was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, EI mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Investigation of the molecular structure shows that the Si–Si bond length in 7 is 2.4150(7) Å and is comparable to that of 6 [2.413(2) Å].
A Concise Synthesis of Globotriaosylsphingosine
Authors: Gold Henrik , Boot Rolf G. , Aerts Johannes M. F. G. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Codée Jeroen D. C. , van der Marel Gijs A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGlobotriaosylsphingosine (lysoCTH) is produced in the cell by deacylation of the globo‐sphingolipid globotriaosylceramide. The latter compound is the major storage material encountered in Fabry patients, an inherited lysosomal storage disorder characterized by partially impaired α‐galactosidase A (GLA) activity. Recent findings suggest that lysoCTH, next to its acylated precursor, is an important causative of Fabry disease symptoms. The glycolipid is thus a relevant synthetic target, and we here report on its efficient synthesis. Key to our strategy is the use of 4,6‐O‐di‐tert‐butylsilylene‐protected D‐galactose donors to yield D‐Gal‐α‐D‐Gal linkages with high stereoselectivity. In our optimized route we make use of acyl protecting groups to mask most of the hydroxy functions in the carbohydrate building blocks to facilitate straightforward global deprotection.
General Approach to Anthrapyran Antibiotics Exemplified by the Synthesis of rac‐γ‐Indomycinone
Authors: Krohn Karsten , Tran‐Thien Hoan Trang , Ahmed Ishtiaq 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA new general route to the anthrapyran antibiotics is presented, which allows the attachment of various branched side chains. A key step is the Baker–Venkataraman rearrangement of the propionate 9 to the diketone 10. Acid‐catalyzed cyclization gives the ethyl‐branched anthrapyranone 11, serving as the starting material for further side‐chain elongation. For example, the ethyl‐substituted anthrapyranones 12a,b,c, the corresponding bromides 13b,c, the phosphonium salts 14b,c, the olefins 22a,c, and the epoxides 23a,c are prepared by starting from 11. A first example demonstrating the potential of this route is the synthesis of the naturally occurring γ‐indomycinone (24b), prepared bycuprate‐mediated opening of the epoxide 23a.
A Simple Enantioselective Route to Functionalized Indolizidines: Synthesis of (+)‐Ipalbidine and (+)‐Antofine
Authors: Pansare Sunil V. , Lingampally Rajinikanth , Dyapa Rajendar 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAn efficient route to functionalized indolizidines from an enantiomerically enriched γ‐nitro ketone is described. The nitro ketone is obtained by an organocatalytic, enantioselective ketone‐nitro alkene Michael addition. Oxidative ring expansion of the nitro ketone and subsequent methanolysis provides a 8‐nitro‐4‐oxooctanoate. This is stereoselectively transformed to the key, functionalized indolizidine intermediate which is readily converted to (+)‐ipalbidine and (+)‐antofine.
Using Bézier curves to model gradual stiffness transitions in nonlinear elements: Application to self‐centering systems
Authors: Wiebe Lydell , Christopoulos Constantin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA number of techniques are available for modelling nonlinear elements, but most available hysteretic rules do not capture the gradual stiffness changes that are typical of physical systems. In particular, there has not previously been a hysteretic rule with rounded hysteretic corners that could be used to model self‐centering elements, where multiple stiffness changes occur within one loading cycle. This paper presents a new hysteretic rule that allows the gradual stiffness transitions that occur in real systems to be modelled. In this paper, the rule is formulated for flag‐shaped hystereses, but it is shown that the same model also produces hystereses that can be used to model systems that are not self‐centering. The same technique could also be applied to round the corners of different backbone hystereses.A previous study has shown how abrupt stiffness changes can cause very large acceleration spikes, particularly in self‐centering systems. This paper shows that acceleration spikes due to stiffness changes may be reduced by designing systems to change stiffness more gradually, and that this typically has little effect on other aspects of the seismic response. When modelling structural systems, especially if they are self‐centering, sharp‐cornered hysteretic models may be used for initial analysis, but round‐cornered hysteretic models should be considered when using nonlinear rotational springs or when accelerations are of particular importance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical Conductivity Improvement of Nd2Ce2O7 Ceramic Co‐doped with Gd2O3 and ZrO2
Authors: Liu Z.‐G. , Ouyang J.‐H. , Sun K.‐N. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract(Nd1–xGdx)2(Ce1–xZrx)2O7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) ceramic powders synthesised by the chemical‐coprecipitation and calcination method were pressureless‐sintered at 1,973 K for 10 h in air. The structure and electrical conductivity of (Nd1–xGdx)2(Ce1–xZrx)2O7 ceramics were investigated by the X‐ray diffraction and impedance spectroscopy measurements. (Nd1–xGdx)2(Ce1–xZrx)2O7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) ceramics exhibit a single phase of defect fluorite‐type structure. The electrical conductivity of (Nd1–xGdx)2(Ce1–xZrx)2O7 ceramics increases with temperature in the range 623–1,173 K following an Arrhenius law. At identical temperature levels, the measured electrical conductivity of (Nd1–xGdx)2(Ce1–xZrx)2O7 ceramics varies with doping different Gd2O3 and ZrO2 contents and exhibits a maximum at x = 0.1.
Ron receptor regulates Kupffer cell-dependent cytokine production and hepatocyte survival following endotoxin exposure in mice
Authors: Stuart William D. , Kulkarni Rishikesh M. , Gray Jerilyn K. , Vasiliauskas Juozas , Leonis Mike A. , Waltz Susan E. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Previous studies demonstrated that targeted deletion of the Ron receptor tyrosine kinase (TK) domain in mice leads to marked hepatocyte protection in a well-characterized model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver failure in D-galactosamine (GalN)-sensitized mice. Hepatocyte protection in TK−/− mice was observed despite paradoxically elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). To understand the role of Ron in the liver, purified populations of Kupffer cells and hepatocytes from wildtype (TK+/+) and TK−/− mice were studied. Utilizing quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we demonstrated that Ron is expressed in these cell types. Moreover, we also recapitulated the protected hepatocyte phenotype and exaggerated cytokine production observed in the TK−/− mice

in vivo

through the use of purified cultured cells

ex vivo

. We show that isolated TK−/− Kupffer cells produce increased levels of TNF-α and select cytokines compared to TK+/+ cells following LPS stimulation. We also show that conditioned media from LPS-treated TK−/− Kupffer cells was more toxic to hepatocytes than control media, suggesting the exaggerated levels of cytokines produced from the TK−/− Kupffer cells are detrimental to wildtype hepatocytes. In addition, we observed that TK−/− hepatocytes were more resistant to cell death compared to TK+/+ hepatocytes, suggesting that Ron functions in both the epithelial and inflammatory cell compartments to regulate acute liver injury. These findings were confirmed

in vivo

in mice with hepatocyte and macrophage cell-type-specific conditional Ron deletions. Mice with Ron loss selectively in hepatocytes exhibited less liver damage and increased survival compared to mice with Ron loss in macrophages.

Conclusion:

We dissected cell-type-specific roles for Ron such that this receptor modulates cytokine production from Kupffer cells and inhibits hepatocyte survival in response to injury. (Hepatology 2011;)
Chromenone Glucosides Acylated with Monoterpene Acids from the Leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. obtusa
Authors: Begum Sabira , Farhat  , Siddiqui Bina Shaheen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThree new chromenone glucosides acylated with monoterpene acids, eucamaldusides A (1), B (2), and C (3), were isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. obtusa, together with the five known compounds ursolic acid lactone, obtusilin, β‐sitosterol glucoside, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, and cypellocarpin C. The structures of the new compounds were established by exhaustive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic studies. Their configuration was determined by measuring the [α]D of the known methyl esters of the monoterpene acids obtained by methanolysis of 1–3.
Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Delphinium yunnanense
Authors: Chen Feng‐Zheng , Chen Qiao‐Hong , Wang Feng‐Peng 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThree new diterpenoid alkaloids, along with eleven known alkaloids, were isolated from the whole herbs of Delphinium yunnanense. The new alkaloids include a rearranged‐type C19‐diterpenoid alkaloid, named yunnanenseine A (1), and two hetisine‐type C20‐diterpenoid alkaloids, named yunnanenseine B and C (2 and 3, resp.). Their structures were elucidated by detailed NMR‐spectroscopic studies.
Hemsleyaconitines F and G, Two Novel C19‐Diterpenoid Alkaloids Possessing a Unique Skeleton from Aconitum hemsleyanum
Authors: Shen Yong , Zuo Ai‐Xue , Jiang Zhi‐Yong , Zhang Xue‐Mei , Wang Hong‐Ling , Chen Ji‐Jun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHemsleyaconitines F and G (1 and 2, resp.) were isolated from the EtOH extract of Aconitum hemsleyanum. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analyses of the IR, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and MS data. The two C19‐diterpenoid alkaloids 1 and 2 possess a novel skeleton, featuring a five‐membered D‐ring between C(9), C(13), C(14), C(15), and C(16), which is quite different from the previously isolated six‐membered D‐ring analogs.
Diels–Alder Reaction of 2‐Ethenyl‐1,3,3‐trimethylcyclohexene with 4H‐Chromen‐4‐ones: A Convergent Approach to ABCD Tetracyclic Core of Marine Diterpenoids Related to Puupehenone and Kampanols
Authors: Kamble Rajesh M. , Ramana M. M. V. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA rapid assembly of the tetracyclic core of marine diterpenoids related to puupehenone and kampanols by DielsAlder reaction of 2‐ethenyl‐1,3,3‐trimethylcyclohexene with 4H‐chromen‐4‐one (=4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one) dienophiles is described.
Asterolaurins G – J, New Xenicane Diterpenoids from the Taiwanese Soft Coral Asterospicularia laurae
Authors: Lin Yun‐Sheng , Fazary Ahmed Eid , Chen Chung‐Hsiung , Kuo Yao‐Haur , Shen Ya‐Ching 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFour new xenicane diterpenoids, asterolaurins G–J (1–4, resp.) have been isolated from the Taiwanese soft coral Asterospicularia laurae. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses (UV, CD, IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, 1H,1H‐COSY, HMBC, and NOESY). The cytotoxic activities of all compounds were evaluated.
Two New Sesquiterpenes from Inula salsoloides and Their Inhibitory Activities against NO Production
Authors: Hu Xiao‐Jia , Jin Hui‐Zi , Liu Xiao‐Hua , Zhang Wei‐Dong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTwo new sesquiterpenes, inulasalene (1) and inulasalsolide B (2), as well as 22 known compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Inula salsoloides. The structures of the new sesquiterpenes were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data and chemical properties. Compounds 1–4 exhibited potent inhibitory activities against NO production with IC50 values range of 0.010–1.290 μg/ml in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
Nine New Norlabdane Diterpenoids from the Leaves of Austroeupatorium inulifolium
Authors: Saito Yoshinori , Matsuo Sachie , Sutoyo Suyatno , Tori Motoo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNine new norlabdane diterpenoids were isolated from the leaves of Austroeupatorium inulifolium collected in Indonesia. All of them have an acyl‐furan unit connected to C(11), and oxygenated functions at C(2) and C(3). The structure elucidations and the assignment of the absolute configurations of the isolated natural products were carried out by extensive spectroscopic analysis and the extended Mosher method, as well as chemical correlations. Antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity against HL‐60 cells were determined using bioassays.
The Reaction of (N‐Isocyanimino)triphenylphosphorane with Biacetyl in the Presence of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids: Efficient One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction for the Synthesis of 3‐(5‐Aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)‐3‐hydroxybutan‐2‐one Derivatives
Authors: Ramazani Ali , Rouhani Morteza , Rezaei Aram , Shajari Nahid , Souldozi Ali 
Published: February 2011

AbstractReactions of biacetyl (=butane‐2,3‐dione) with (N‐isocyanimino)triphenylphosphorane in the presence of aromatic carboxylic acids proceed smoothly at room temperature and under neutral conditions to afford 3‐(5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)‐3‐hydroxybutan‐2‐one derivatives in high yields.
Three New Triterpenes from Xylarialean sp. A45, an Endophytic Fungus from Annona squamosa L.
Authors: Lin Ting , Lin Xiao , Lu Chun‐Hua , Shen Yue‐Mao 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFrom the fermentation extract of Xylarialean sp. A45, an endophytic fungus of Annona squamosa L., three new triterpenes, namely xylariacins A–C (1–3, resp.) were obtained. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments and HR‐ESI‐Q‐TOF mass spectrometry. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of compounds 1–3 were tested against human tumor cell line HepG2, and these compounds showed modest cytotoxic activity.
An Efficient Synthesis of [(Tosylamino)alkyl]naphthalenols by Nucleophilic Addition of Naphthalen‐2‐ol with N‐Tosyl Imines Using Boron Trifluoride Etherate as Catalyst
Authors: Das Biswanath , Reddy Cheruku Ravindra , Sindhu Chava , Kumar Duddukuri Nandan , Krishnaiah Martha 
Published: February 2011

Abstract[(Tosylamino)alkyl]naphthalenols have efficiently been synthesized by nucleophilic addition of naphthalen‐2‐ol with N‐tosyl imines (derived from both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes) in the presence of BF3⋅OEt2 as a catalyst at room temperature. The products are formed within 5–9 h in high yields (72–91%).
Plasma levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and interleukin‐6 in patients with dysthymic disorder: comparison with age‐ and sex‐matched major depressed patients and healthy controls
Authors: Yoshimura Reiji , Umene‐Nakano Wakako , Hoshuyama Tsutomu , Ikenouchi‐Sugita Atsuko , Hori Hikaru , Katsuki Asuka , Hayashi Kenji , Atake Kiyokazu , Nakamura Jun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the serum BDNF levels and plasma IL‐6 levels in patients with dysthymic disorder, major depressive disorder and control subjects. Eighteen patients who met the DSM‐IV criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) for dysthymic disorder (male/female: 5/13; age: 36 ± 9 year) and 20 patients (male/female: 7/13; age: 38 ± 10 year) who met the criteria for major depressive disorder were enrolled. The serum BDNF levels in patients with dysthymic and major depressive disorder were significantly lower than those in the control subjects. However, no difference was found between the dysthymic group and major depression group. The plasma IL‐6 levels in the dysthymic group and major depression group were significantly higher than those in the control group. No difference was observed in the plasma IL‐6 levels between the dysthymic group and major depression group. These results suggest that the pathophysiology of dysthymic disorder and major depression might be similar in terms of the blood levels of BDNF and IL‐6. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of reboxetine in adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Riahi Forough , Tehrani‐Doost Mehdi , Shahrivar Zahra , Alaghband‐Rad Javad 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe main aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of reboxetine, a specific noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor, in adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsIn a double blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial, the efficacy of 8 mg/day of reboxetine (twice daily) was compared with placebo in 40 adults diagnosed with ADHD during 6 weeks. The measures were Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale‐Self‐Report, Screening Version (CAARS‐S, SV), Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scales, Clinical Global Impression – Severity Scale (CGI‐S), and Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF).ResultsThere was a main effect of time and significant time X treatment (reboxetine vs. placebo) interaction on CAARS subscales and CGI scores which decreased along the study (p < 0.01). There was also a main effect of time and time X treatment interaction on GAF score which increased at the end point of the study (p < 0.01). In terms of Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scales there was just a main effect of time on Hamilton Depression Scale (p < 0.01). Irritability, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and dry mouth were the common side effects of reboxetine.ConclusionReboxetine could be used and tolerated as an effective treatment for adults with ADHD. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.