bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire favours the native bee community in a semi‐arid ecosystem
Authors: Castañeda González Alejandra , Salazar Ceseña Mario , del Val Ek , Macip‐Ríos Rodrigo , Ceccarelli Fadia Sara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fire is a common and frequent disturbance in Mediterranean ecosystems, affecting the diversity and dynamics of native bee communities by modifying the distribution and availability of the resources that bees require to forage and nest. Previous studies have found changes in bee diversity depending on the time since the last fire, with increases in species diversity in the early stages postburn.
Using a chronosequence of plots with different times since the last fire in the Mediterranean‐climate chaparral of Baja California, Mexico, we estimated changes in overall abundance, richness, diversity and species composition of the native bee community.
Bee abundance and richness were higher at recently burned plots and gradually decreased, but Hill–Shannon and Hill–Simpson diversities did not change over the chronosequences. Nearby plots (in the same locality) of different stages were more similar in composition than distant plots (in different localities) of a similar stage, suggesting a spatial correlation. Plant species richness increased after fires. Bare soil was also greater on recently burned patches and may facilitate nesting resources. The number of bees was positively correlated to plant richness.
Our results highlight the importance of fire as a natural disturbance structuring the bee community in the Mediterranean chaparral of Baja California.
Furthermore, our results are relevant for future conservation plans since fire management (i.e., prescribed fires) could improve conditions for sustaining greater bee richness and abundance.
Leadership in higher educational institutions post 2020: Probing effect of pandemic and ICT
Authors: Borde Prashant Sunil , Arora Ridhi , Kakoty Sanjeeb 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLeadership engrosses multiple actors and unique contexts that unfold along different timescales. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on authentic leadership, principal leadership, and distributed leadership and examine the current trends due to the pandemic and the growth of information and communication technology in higher educational institutions (HEI). This qualitative study adopted a literature review and in‐depth interviews of 10 educational faculty, 10 students, and 9 non‐HEI organisational leaders in India, predominantly based on a semi‐structured script. Our study used the approaches of purposive sampling and inductive analysis. Employing social cognitive theory, our study reports on participants' perceptions of existing leaders and discusses organisational behavioural attributes that need focus for leadership development. The hybrid multi‐layered model of leadership styles is suggested as a practical approach in India. This study contributes to the educational leadership development literature by highlighting the expectations of students and non‐HEI organisational leaders on the fundamental role of educational leaders and behavioural necessities.
Are novel or locally adapted pathogens more devastating and why? Resolving opposing hypotheses
Authors: Sauer Erin L. , Venesky Matthew D. , McMahon Taegan A. , Cohen Jeremy M. , Bessler Scott , Brannelly Laura A. , Brem Forrest , Byrne Allison Q. , Halstead Neal , Hyman Oliver , Johnson Pieter T. J. , Richards‐Zawacki Corinne L. , Rumschlag Samantha L. , Sears Brittany , Rohr Jason R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere is a rich literature highlighting that pathogens are generally better adapted to infect local than novel hosts, and a separate seemingly contradictory literature indicating that novel pathogens pose the greatest threat to biodiversity and public health. Here, using Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the fungus associated with worldwide amphibian declines, we test the hypothesis that there is enough variance in “novel” (quantified by geographic and phylogenetic distance) host‐pathogen outcomes to pose substantial risk of pathogen introductions despite local adaptation being common. Our continental‐scale common garden experiment and global‐scale meta‐analysis demonstrate that local amphibian‐fungal interactions result in higher pathogen prevalence, pathogen growth, and host mortality, but novel interactions led to variable consequences with especially virulent host‐pathogen combinations still occurring. Thus, while most pathogen introductions are benign, enough variance exists in novel host‐pathogen outcomes that moving organisms around the planet greatly increases the chance of pathogen introductions causing profound harm.
Quantifying neurodegeneration of the cervical cord and brain in degenerative cervical myelopathy: A multicentre study using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Freund Patrick , Boller Viveka , Emmenegger Tim M. , Akbar Muhammad , Hupp Markus , Pfender Nikolai , Wheeler‐Kingshott Claudia Angela Michela Gandini , Cohen‐Adad Julien , Fehlings Michael G. , Curt Armin , Seif Maryam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeSimultaneous assessment of neurodegeneration in both the cervical cord and brain across multiple centres can enhance the effectiveness of clinical trials. Thus, this study aims to simultaneously assess microstructural changes in the cervical cord and brain above the stenosis in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a multicentre study.MethodsWe applied voxelwise analysis with a probabilistic brain/spinal cord template embedded in statistical parametric mappin (SPM‐BSC) to process multi parametric mapping (MPM) including effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*), longitudinal relaxation rate (R1), and magnetization transfer (MT), which are indirectly sensitive to iron and myelin content. Regression analysis was conducted to establish associations between neurodegeneration and clinical impairment. Thirty‐eight DCM patients (mean age ± SD = 58.45 ± 11.47 years) and 38 healthy controls (mean age ± SD = 41.18 ± 12.75 years) were recruited at University Hospital Balgrist, Switzerland and Toronto Western Hospital, Canada.ResultsRemote atrophy was observed in the cervical cord (p = 0.002) and in the left thalamus (0.026) of the DCM group. R1 was decreased in the periaqueductal grey matter (p = 0.014), thalamus (p = 0.001), corpus callosum (p = 0.0001), and cranial corticospinal tract (p = 0.03). R2* was increased in the primary somatosensory cortices (p = 0.008). Sensory impairments were associated with increased iron‐sensitive R2* in the thalamus and periaqueductal grey matter in DCM.ConclusionsSimultaneous assessment of the spinal cord and brain revealed DCM‐induced demyelination, iron deposition, and atrophy. The extent of remote neurodegeneration was associated with sensory impairment, highlighting the intricate and expansive nature of microstructural neurodegeneration in DCM, reaching beyond the stenosis level.
Therapeutic modulation of KIT ligand in melanocytic disorders with implications for mast cell diseases
Authors: Sevilla Alec , Grichnik James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractKIT ligand and its associated receptor KIT serve as a master regulatory system for both melanocytes and mast cells controlling survival, migration, proliferation and activation. Blockade of this pathway results in cell depletion, while overactivation leads to mastocytosis or melanoma. Expression defects are associated with pigmentary and mast cell disorders. KIT ligand regulation is complex but efficient targeting of this system would be of significant benefit to those suffering from melanocytic or mast cell disorders. Herein, we review the known associations of this pathway with cutaneous diseases and the regulators of this system both in skin and in the more well‐studied germ cell system. Exogenous agents modulating this pathway will also be presented. Ultimately, we will review potential therapeutic opportunities to help our patients with melanocytic and mast cell disease processes potentially including vitiligo, hair greying, melasma, urticaria, mastocytosis and melanoma.
Functional food development using olive pomace phenolics and hydrogels
Authors: Seçmeler Özge , Gözet Tuba , Azbaz Sercan , Dülger Murat Muhammet , Yavuz Düzgün Merve , Argin Sanem 
Published: May 2024

SummaryAlthough the health effects of olive phenolics, hydroxytyrosol (HX), are well known, their utilisation is not at the forefront of the phenolics market. Besides, 99% of olive phenolics are lost during olive oil production (2.2 million tons year−1). This study aims to develop a functional hydrogel for functional foods using commercial olive powder derived from olive mill wastewater and methylcellulose (MC). The final hydrogel recipe, a multi‐hydrocolloid recipe (MC and gelatine with low gelling temperature) based on minimum HX loss and acceptable sensory properties, was created by examining interactions of HX with salt, sugar, and citric acid in MC by a modified UPLC‐UV method and expert sensory panellists. Finally, two dairy bases were created for the hydrogel with the best aroma match, and consumer‐accepted dessert (72%) and appetiser (58%) providing the health claims of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2 mg day−1 of HX) were produced. Moreover, a sample methodology has been developed.
Duration and severity of COVID‐19 symptoms among primary healthcare workers: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Ma Rongji , Lu Beier , Zhang Yongjie , Shen Ya , Xu Jinshui , Chen Hualing , Qian Yongkang , Miao Pengcheng , Xu Biyun , Guo Haijian , Chen Bingwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COVID‐19 infection among healthcare workers, including the severity, duration of infection, post‐infection symptoms and related influencing factors.MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire was utilized to assess the post‐infection status of primary healthcare workers in Jiangsu Province. The questionnaire collected information on demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, post‐infection clinical manifestations, work environment and recovery time of the respondents. Customized outcome events were selected as dependent variables and logistic regression models were employed to analyse the risk factors. Phi‐coefficient was used to describe the relationship between post‐infection symptoms.ResultsThe analysis revealed that several factors, such as female, older age, obesity, previous medical history, exposure to high‐risk environments and stress, were associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing more severe outcomes. On the other hand, vaccination and regular exercise were found to contribute to an earlier resolution of the infection. Among the post‐infection symptoms, cough, malaise and muscle aches were the most frequently reported. Overall, there was a weak association among symptoms persisting beyond 14 days, with only cough and malaise, malaise and dizziness and headache showing a stronger correlation.ConclusionThe study findings indicate that the overall severity of the first wave of infection, following the complete lifting of restrictions in China, was low. The impact on primary healthcare workers was limited, and the post‐infection symptoms exhibited similarity to those observed in other countries. It is important to highlight that these conclusions are specifically relevant to the population infected with the Omicron variant.ImpactsThis study helps to grasp the impacts of the first wave of COVID‐19 infections on healthcare workers in China after the national lockdown was lifted.PatientsPrimary healthcare workers in Jiangsu Province, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists and other personnel from primary healthcare units such as community health service centres and health centres.
The value of legal recourse in sovereign bond markets: Evidence from Argentina
Authors: Saiegh Sebastian M. , Biglaiser Glen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIf sovereign immunity waivers and clauses calling for litigation abroad reduce the risk of expropriation, bonds governed by foreign law should, ceteris paribus, trade at a premium compared to bonds issued under domestic law. In 2020, Argentina exchanged a panoply of bonds with different currencies, maturity and coupon structure for pairs of bonds that are identical except for their governing law. We leverage these “twin” bonds to identify the effect of legal jurisdiction on sovereign debt prices. Our findings indicate that foreign‐law bonds consistently trade at higher prices and are primarily held by long‐term investors. These results suggest that market participants price certain legal terms (e.g., governing law) in sovereign debt, and investors expect to face less credit risk under bonds governed by foreign law, either due to a lower risk of selective default or higher recovery rate in foreign courts.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the East Asian hemicultrine fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Xenocypridinae), with suggestions to their generic classification and redescription of the recently described species Hemiculter yungaoi Vasil'eva et al. 2022
Authors: Deng Qiaoling , Li Mingzheng , Yu Dan , Chen Lin , Li Wenjing , Cai Xingwei , Liu Huanzhang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe hemicultrine fishes are a group of small‐sized cyprinids, widely distributed but endemic to East Asian rivers and lakes. Till now, the taxonomic boundaries and relationships within this group remain poorly explored. In the present study, we study the phylogeny of this group, providing suggestions for classification of the hemicultrine group. Using two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes, and samples representing all genera, our results showed that the group consists of seven major lineages, of which four (Hemiculterella, Hainania, Pseudolaubuca, and Anabarilius) were monophyletic and three (Hemiculter, Toxabramis, and Pseudohemiculter) were not. Based on the phylogenetic tree, we redefined the genera. We revive the genus Siniichthys, which has three species, Siniichthys bleekeri, Siniichthys lucidus, and S. varpachovskii, that were previously treated as members of the genus Hemiculter but showed distant relationships to the genus Hemiculter in our phylogenetic tree. With the new results, a diagnostic key for clades of the hemicultrine group is provided. Furthermore, we provide more detailed information on diagnostic features of the recently described species Hemiculter yungaoi (Vasil'eva et al., 2022). This work will facilitate future systematic studies, pave the way for evolutionary studies, and provide valuable information for the urgent conservation of hemicultrine fishes.
Development and validation of a novel colonoscopy withdrawal time indicator based on YOLOv5
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Peng Ziye , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Shuyi , Sun Jiayi , Li Yanru , Zhang Qi , Shi Lei , Li Hongzhou , Tian Zhenggang , Feng Yue , Mu Jinbao , Tang Nan , Wang Ximo , Li Wen , Pei Zhengcun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe study aims to introduce a novel indicator, effective withdrawal time (WTS), which measures the time spent actively searching for suspicious lesions during colonoscopy and to compare WTS and the conventional withdrawal time (WT).MethodsColonoscopy video data from 472 patients across two hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. WTS was computed through a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and manual verification. The results obtained through WTS were compared with those generated by the AI system. Patients were categorized into four groups based on the presence of polyps and whether resections or biopsies were performed. Bland Altman plots were utilized to compare AI‐computed WTS with manually verified WTS. Scatterplots were used to illustrate WTS within the four groups, among different hospitals, and across various physicians. A parallel box plot was employed to depict the proportions of WTS relative to WT within each of the four groups.ResultsThe study included 472 patients, with a median age of 55 years, and 57.8% were male. A significant correlation with manually verified WTS (r = 0.918) was observed in AI‐computed WTS. Significant differences in WTS/WT among the four groups were revealed by the parallel box plot (P < 0.001). The group with no detected polyps had the highest WTS/WT, with a median of 0.69 (interquartile range: 0.40, 0.97). WTS patterns were found to be varied between the two hospitals and among senior and junior physicians.ConclusionsA promising alternative to traditional WT for quality control and training assessment in colonoscopy is offered by AI‐assisted computation of WTS.
A rare case of extraluminal interstitial pregnancy treated with laparoscopic cornuotomy
Authors: Kurosawa Hiroki , Watanabe Tadashi , Sato Naoto , Muraoka Yuma , Matsuzawa Yukiko , Watanabe Yoh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe report an extremely rare case of an extraluminal interstitial pregnancy. A 36‐year‐old nulliparous woman visited our hospital during the fifth week of gestation. Although no intrauterine gestational sac (GS) was identified, transabdominal ultrasonography revealed a GS‐like cyst was detected in the right uterine horn. She underwent laparoscopic surgery for a suspected interstitial ectopic pregnancy. After laparoscopic cornuotomy, dye leakage was observed from the fimbria rather than the incision site. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with a right extraluminal interstitial pregnancy. Hysterosalpingography performed at three postoperative months revealed bilateral tubal passage. She conceived 7 months after surgery, with safe delivery by elective cesarean section at 38 weeks.
Genomic evidence for the widespread presence of GH45 cellulases among soil invertebrates
Authors: Muelbaier Hannah , Arthen Freya , Collins Gemma , Hickler Thomas , Hohberg Karin , Lehmitz Ricarda , Pauchet Yannick , Pfenninger Markus , Potapov Anton , Romahn Juliane , Schaefer Ina , Scheu Stefan , Schneider Clément , Ebersberger Ingo , Bálint Miklós 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLignocellulose is a major component of vascular plant biomass. Its decomposition is crucial for the terrestrial carbon cycle. Microorganisms are considered primary decomposers, but evidence increases that some invertebrates may also decompose lignocellulose. We investigated the taxonomic distribution and evolutionary origins of GH45 hydrolases, important enzymes for the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose, in a collection of soil invertebrate genomes. We found that these genes are common in springtails and oribatid mites. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that cellulase genes were acquired early in the evolutionary history of these groups. Domain architectures and predicted 3D enzyme structures indicate that these cellulases are functional. Patterns of presence and absence of these genes across different lineages prompt further investigation into their evolutionary and ecological benefits. The ubiquity of cellulase genes suggests that soil invertebrates may play a role in lignocellulose decomposition, independently or in synergy with microorganisms. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary implications might be crucial for understanding soil food webs and the carbon cycle.
Mixed reality‐based technology to visualize and facilitate treatment planning of impacted teeth: Proof of concept
Authors: Fudalej Piotr S. , Garlicka Agnieszka , Dołęga‐Dołegowski Damian , Dołęga‐Dołegowska Magda , Proniewska Klaudia , Voborna Iva , Dubovska Ivana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe propose a method utilizing mixed reality (MR) goggles (HoloLens 2, Microsoft) to facilitate impacted canine alignment, as planning the traction direction and force delivery could benefit from 3D data visualization using mixed reality (MR).MethodsCone‐beam CT scans featuring isometric resolution and low noise‐to‐signal ratio were semi‐automatically segmented in Inobitec software. The exported 3D mesh (OBJ file) was then optimized for the HoloLens 2. Using the Unreal Engine environment, we developed an application for the HoloLens 2, implementing HoloLens SDK and UX Tools. Adjustable pointers were added for planning attachment placement, traction direction, and point of force application. The visualization was presented to participants of a course on impacted teeth treatment, followed by a 10‐question survey addressing potential advantages (5‐point scale: 1 = totally agree, 5 = totally disagree).ResultsOut of 38 respondents, 44.7% were orthodontists, 34.2% dentists, 15.8% dental students, and 5.3% dental technicians. Most respondents (44.7%) were between 35 and 44 years old, and only 1 (2.6%) respondent was 55–64 years old. Median answers for six questions were ‘totally agree’ (25th percentile 1, 75th percentile 2) and for four questions ‘agree’ (25th percentile 1, 75th percentile 2). No correlation was found between age, profession, and responses.ConclusionOur method generated substantial interest among clinicians. The initial responses affirm the potential benefits, supporting the continued exploration of MR‐based techniques for the treatment of impacted teeth. However, the recommendation for widespread use awaits validation through clinical trials.
Factors influencing the development of artificial intelligence in orthodontics
Authors: Lee Ju‐Myung , Moon Jun‐Ho , Park Ji‐Ae , Kim Jong‐Hak , Lee Shin‐Jae 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesSince developing AI procedures demands significant computing resources and time, the implementation of a careful experimental design is essential. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing the development of AI in orthodontics.Materials and MethodsA total of 162 AI models were developed, with various combinations of sample sizes (170, 340, 679), input variables (40, 80, 160), output variables (38, 76, 154), training sessions (100, 500, 1000), and computer specifications (new vs. old). The TabNet deep‐learning algorithm was used to develop these AI models, and leave‐one‐out cross‐validation was applied in training. The goodness‐of‐fit of the regression models was compared using the adjusted coefficient of determination values, and the best‐fit model was selected accordingly. Multiple linear regression analyses were employed to investigate the relationship between the influencing factors.ResultsIncreasing the number of training sessions enhanced the effectiveness of the AI models. The best‐fit regression model for predicting the computational time of AI, which included logarithmic transformation of time, sample size, and training session variables, demonstrated an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.99.ConclusionThe study results show that estimating the time required for AI development may be possible using logarithmic transformations of time, sample size, and training session variables, followed by applying coefficients estimated through several pilot studies with reduced sample sizes and reduced training sessions.