bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telecom‐Band Spontaneous Parametric Down‐Conversion in AlGaAs‐on‐Insulator Waveguides
Authors: Placke Marlon , Schlegel Jan , Mann Felix , Della Casa Pietro , Thies Andreas , Weyers Markus , Tränkle Günther , Ramelow Sven 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWidespread commercial adoption of telecom‐band quantum key distribution (QKD) will require fully integrated, room‐temperature transmitters. Implementing highly efficient spontaneous parametric down‐conversion (SPDC) on a platform that offers co‐integration of the pump laser has been an outstanding challenge. Here, using such a platform based on AlGaAs‐on‐insulator waveguides, telecom‐band SPDC (and SHG, second harmonic generation) is reported with exceedingly large efficiencies of 26 GHz generated pairs per mW over a 7 THz bandwidth, which would saturate the usable photon‐flux for a 70‐channel wavelength‐multiplexed QKD system at merely 1.7 mW of pump laser power.
Full‐Space Near‐ and Far‐Field Jones Vector Reconstruction by Global Organization of Bidirectional Non‐Interleaved Linear‐Polarized Meta‐Radiators
Authors: Pang Cheng , Wang Yuzhong , Yu Axiang , Qi Jiaran 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntegrated radiation‐type metasurfaces (RA‐M) have gained importance in the development of next‐generation wireless communications and integrated electronics. They facilitate advanced electromagnetic (EM) wave control with a single radiation aperture. However, most RA‐Ms fail to simultaneously decouple the amplitude, phase, and polarization information of the spatial radiation wavefront owing to the intrinsic restrictions of the meta‐radiator and limited design strategy. This study proposes and demonstrates a full‐space non‐interleaved RA‐M platform capable of precise complex‐vector‐field (CVF) Jones vector reconstruction of both near and far fields in the microwave region. The method is based on the global interaction of linear‐polarized (LP) meta‐radiators, which are organized via the LP‐basis inverse design methodology; thus, the near‐ and far‐field Jones vectors of the radiated wavefront can be subjected to customized reconstruction. The existing unidirectional meta‐radiators are further pushed to bidirectional spaces, facilitating diverse full‐space multiplexing integrated meta‐devices, such as bidirectional multi‐polarization routers and full‐space vectorial hologram modulators. The proposed RA‐M unlocks the unequaled potential of radiated CVF, thereby paving a promising pathway for integrated electronic device technologies.
Isolated REM Sleep without Atonia Is Not Equivalent to REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Early‐Stage Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Dodet Pauline , Houot Marion , Leu‐Semenescu Smaranda , Gaurav Rahul , Mangone Graziella , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Lehéricy Stéphane , Vidailhet Marie , Roze Emmanuel , Arnulf Isabelle 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn early‐stage Parkinson's disease (PD), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) predicts poor cognitive and motor outcome. However, the baseline significance and disease evolution associated with isolated REM sleep without atonia (iRWA, ie, enhanced muscle tone during 8.7% of REM sleep, but no violent behavior) are not well understood.ObjectivesThe objective is to determine whether iRWA was a mild form of RBD and progressed similarly over time.MethodsParticipants with early PD (<4 years from medical diagnosis) were included from 2014 to 2021 in a longitudinal study. They underwent interviews and examinations in the motor, cognitive, autonomous, psychiatric, sensory, and sleep domains every year for 4 years along with a video polysomnography and magnetic resonance imaging examination of the locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus complex (LC/LsC) at baseline. The clinical characteristics were compared between groups with normal REM sleep, with iRWA and with RBD, at baseline and for 4 years.ResultsAmong 159 PD participants, 25% had RBD, 25% had iRWA, and 50% had normal REM sleep. At baseline, the non‐motor symptoms were less prevalent and the LC/LsC signal intensity was more intense in participants with iRWA than with RBD. Over 4 years, participants with normal REM sleep and with iRWA had a similar cognitive and motor trajectory, whereas participants with RBD had greater cognitive and motor decline.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that iRWA is frequent in early PD, but is not a milder form of RBD. Both groups have distinct baseline characteristics and clinical trajectories. They should be distinguished in clinical routine and research protocols. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Application of stoichiometric CT number calibration method for dose calculation of tissue heterogeneous volumes in boron neutron capture therapy
Authors: Hu Naonori , Nakao Minoru , Ozawa Shuichi , Takata Takushi , Tanaka Hiroki , Nihei Keiji , Ono Koji , Suzuki Minoru 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMonte Carlo simulation code is commonly used for the dose calculation of boron neutron capture therapy. In the past, dose calculation was performed assuming a homogeneous mass density and elemental composition inside the tissue, regardless of the patient's age or sex. Studies have shown that the mass density varies with patient to patient, particularly for those that have undergone surgery or radiotherapy. A method to convert computed tomography numbers into mass density and elemental weights of tissues has been developed and applied in the dose calculation process using Monte Carlo codes. A recent study has shown the variation in the computed tomography number between different scanners for low‐ and high‐density materials.PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the elemental composition inside each calculation voxel on the dose calculation and the application of the stoichiometric CT number calibration method for boron neutron capture therapy planning.MethodsMonte Carlo simulation package Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System was used for the dose calculation. Firstly, a homogeneous cubic phantom with the material set to ICRU soft tissue (four component), muscle, fat, and brain was modelled and the NeuCure BNCT system accelerator‐based neutron source was used. The central axis depth dose distribution was simulated and compared between the four materials. Secondly, a treatment plan of the brain and the head and neck region was simulated using a dummy patient dataset. Three models were generated; (1) a model where only the fundamental materials were considered (simple model), a model where each voxel was assigned a mass density and elemental weight using (2) the Nakao20 model, and (3) the Schneider00 model. The irradiation conditions were kept the same between the different models (irradiation time and irradiation field size) and the near maximum (D1%) and mean dose to the organs at risk were calculated and compared.ResultsA maximum percentage difference of approximately 5% was observed between the different materials for the homogeneous phantom. With the dummy patient plan, a large dose difference in the bone (greater than 12%) and region near the low‐density material (mucosal membrane, 7%–11%) was found between the different models.ConclusionsA stoichiometric CT number calibration method using the newly developed Nakao20 model was applied to BNCT dose calculation. The results indicate the importance of calibrating the CT number to elemental composition for each individual CT scanner for the purpose of BNCT dose calculation along with the consideration of heterogeneity of the material composition inside the defined region of interest.
Investigations on the defect structures for Mn2+ in CdSe nanocrystals and bulk materials and the criterion of occupation for Mn2+ in CdX (X = S, Se, Te) nanocrystals
Authors: Li Guo‐Liang , Wu Shao‐Yi , Fan Kai‐Min 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe spin Hamiltonian parameters and defect structures are theoretically studied for the substitutional Mn2+ at the core of CdSe nanocrystals and in the bulk materials from the perturbation calculations of spin Hamiltonian parameters for trigonal tetrahedral 3d5 clusters. Both the crystal‐field and charge transfer contributions are taken into account in the calculations from the cluster approach. The impurity‐ligand bond angles are found to be about 1.84° larger and 0.10° smaller in the CdSe:Mn2+ nanocrystals and bulk materials, respectively, than those (≈109.37°) of the host Cd2+ sites. The quantitative criterion of occupation (at the core or surface) for Mn2+ in CdX (X = S, Se, Te) nanocrystals is presented for the first time based on the inequations of hyperfine structure constants (HSCs). This criterion is well supported by the experimental HSCs data of Mn2+ in CdX nanocrystals. The previous assignments of signals SI as Mn2+ at the core of CdS nanocrystals are renewed as Mn2+ at the surface based on the above criterion. The present studies would be helpful to achieve convenient determination of occupation for Mn2+ impurities in CdX semiconductor nanocrystals by means of spectral (e.g., HSCs) analysis.
Considerations for medical nutrition therapy management of the critically ill patient with hematological malignancies: A narrative review
Authors: Lopez‐Delgado Juan Carlos , Patel Jayshil J. , Stoppe Christian , McClave Stephen A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPatients with hematological malignancies (HMs) are more frequently admitted now than in the past to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to more aggressive approaches in primary therapy of HMs and the need for critical care support. Pathophysiological alterations derived from HMs and the different hematological therapies, such as chemotherapy, negatively affect gastrointestinal (GI) function, metabolism, and nutrition status. Further, malnutrition strongly influences outcomes and tolerance of the different hematological therapies. In consequence, these critically ill patients frequently present with malnutrition and pathophysiological alterations that create challenges for the delivery of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) in the ICU. Frequent screening, gauging tolerance, and monitoring nutrition status are mandatory to provide individualized MNT and achieve nutrition objectives. The present review discusses how HM impact GI function and nutrition status, the importance of MNT in patients with HM, and specific considerations for guidance in providing adequate MNT to these patients when admitted to the ICU.
Enteral nutrition: An underappreciated source of patient safety events
Authors: Citty Sandra Wolfe , Chew Mary , Hiller Lynn D. , Maria Lisa A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEnteral nutrition (EN) therapies are prescribed for patients not able to maintain adequate nutrition through the oral route. Medical errors and close calls associated with the provision of EN therapy leading to actual and potential patient harm have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the number, type, and severity of safety events related to the provision of EN therapies reported to a national database and provide workable recommendations from the literature to improve safety. An interdisciplinary team queried the National Center for Patient Safety (NCPS) Joint Patient Safety Reporting (JPSR) system using keywords related to EN therapy use. The team reviewed the number, type, and severity of reported events and safety codes as categorized by the NCPS and then thematically classified the narratives using the Medication Use Process (MUP). Our query revealed 1227 safety events related to the EN keywords. Thematic analysis of the top five event subtypes (n = 1030) revealed that there were 691 EN safety reports directly related to an MUP step, and the majority fell into the steps of administering (31%), followed by monitoring (28%), dispensing (26%), prescribing (11%), and transcription (4%), with many events involving more than one MUP step. Safety events associated with the provision of EN therapies leading to patient harm have been reported to the JPSR system. To improve safety related to EN use, modifications to prescribing, transcribing/documenting, dispensing, administering, and monitoring of prescribed EN therapies are needed.
Things change, things stay the same: MrBeast and novel philanthropy
Authors: Hogg Eddy , Miller Vincent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere is a tendency in the study of philanthropy to see each new innovation or movement as transformative and distinct from what has come before. Before MrBeast there was philanthrocapitalism and before long there will be another shiny new toy for those of us who research or practice philanthropy to study. Happily, Rhodri Davies' analysis of MrBeast's philanthropy avoids falling into the trap of seeing novelty at every turn. Instead, he presents a nuanced and measured analysis of the criticisms of MrBeast and of his philanthropic endeavours, weighing up where the mud sticks and where it does not. This response explores the relative novelty of MrBeast's approach to philanthropy and of the criticisms that have been levied at it.
Presurgery health influences outcomes following vertical sleeve gastrectomy in adolescents
Authors: Swertfeger Debi , Kim Ahlee , Sexmith Hannah , Moreno‐Fernandez Maria E. , Davidson W. Sean , Helmrath Michael , Jenkins Todd , Okura Tsuyoshi , Geh Esmond , Xanthakos Stavra A. , Szabo Sara , Nakamura Takahisa , Divanovic Senad , Shah Amy Sanghavi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveWeight loss following vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) in youth can range from 10% to 50%. We examined whether there are differences in demographic or metabolic parameters before VSG in youth who achieve above‐average weight loss (AAWL) versus below‐average weight loss (BAWL) at 1 year post VSG and if youth with BAWL still achieve metabolic health improvements at 1 year post VSG.MethodsDemographic, anthropometric, and clinical lab data were collected before VSG and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after VSG.ResultsForty‐three youth with a mean age of 16.9 (SD 1.7) years before VSG were studied; 70% were female, 19% non‐Hispanic Black, 58% non‐Hispanic White, and 23% mixed/other race. Mean baseline BMI was 51.1 (SD 10.5) kg/m2. Average weight loss was 25.8%. The AAWL group lost 18.6 kg/m2 (35.3%) versus the BAWL group, who lost 8.8 kg/m2 (17.5%). BMI, age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status at baseline were similar between AAWL and BAWL groups; however, the BAWL group had a higher frequency of pre‐VSG dysglycemia, steatotic liver disease, and dyslipidemia. At 1 year post VSG, fewer youth in the BAWL group achieved ideal health parameters, and they had less resolution of comorbidities.ConclusionsThe presence of comorbidities before VSG is associated with less weight loss and reduced resolution of metabolic conditions at 1 year post VSG.
Stage at diagnosis and survival by stage for the leading childhood cancers in Rwanda
Authors: Businge Lydia , Hagenimana Marc , Motlhale Melitah , Bardot Aude , Liu Biying , Anastos Kathryn , Castle Philip E. , Murenzi Gad , Claire Kimilu , Sabushimike Daniel , Cyuzuzo Callixte , Kubwimana Gallican , Maniragaba Theoneste , Uwinkindi Francois , Paczkowski Maggie , Soerjomataram Isabelle , Parkin Donald Maxwell 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of accurate population‐based information on childhood cancer stage and survival in low‐income countries is a barrier to improving childhood cancer outcomes.MethodsIn this study, data from the Rwanda National Cancer Registry (RNCR) were examined for children aged 0–14 diagnosed in 2013–2017 for the eight most commonly occurring childhood cancers: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma excluding BL, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumour, osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Utilising the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines Tier 1, the study assigned stage at diagnosis to all, except HL, and conducted active follow‐ups to calculate 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year observed and relative survival by cancer type and stage at diagnosis.ResultsThe cohort comprised 412 children, of whom 49% (n = 202) died within 5 years of diagnosis. Five‐year survival ranged from 28% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.5%–45.6%) for BL to 68% (CI: 55%–78%) for retinoblastoma. For the cancers for which staging was carried out, it was assigned for 83% patients (n = 301 of 362), with over half (58%) having limited or localised stage at diagnosis. Stage was a strong predictor of survival; for example, 3‐year survival was 70% (95% CI: 45.1%–85.3%) and 11.8% (2.0%–31.2%) for limited and advanced non‐HL, respectively (p < .001).ConclusionThis study is only the second to report on stage distribution and stage‐specific survival for childhood cancers in sub‐Saharan Africa. It demonstrates the feasibility of the Toronto Stage Guidelines in a low‐resource setting, and highlights the value of population‐based cancer registries in aiding our understanding of the poor outcomes experienced by this population.
Comparative study of dynamic parameters for damage identification of carbon fiber reinforced polymer tube
Authors: Luo Zhong , Yu Bing , Zhang Chengshuang , Sun Xinyu , Dong Shengbo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe primary objective of the paper is the numerical and experimental investigation related to the damage recognition effects for CFRP tubes of four dynamic parameters. Four damage identification indexes consisting of natural frequency‐based index, Mode Shape‐based index (MS), Mode Shape Curvature‐based index (MSC), and Modal Flexibility Curvature‐based index (MFC) are established by analyzing the dynamic parameter data obtained before and after damage occurs. The performances of dynamic parameters are thoroughly discussed in the context of numerical simulations and experiment. The results indicate that the effect of natural frequency is not as significant as that of mode shape. MFC has the most notable effectiveness out of the four indexes. The simulation peak index pair is predicted to rise from 0.3 to 0.6 as the damage in the simulation model increases by 25% from 12.5%, indicating that MFC can feedback the damage degree. Moreover, the circumferential curvature index exhibits superior performance compared to the axial curvature index. To enhance the accuracy of the axial curvature index, it is proposed to increase the number of measuring sites along the tube's long direction.Highlights
Damage identification indexes of four dynamic parameters are established.
Discuss the identification ability of dynamic parameters by simulation and test.
Two numerical models of CFRP tube with delamination damage are established.
Impact and modal tests are executed to study the ability of four indexes.
Effects of surface modification on mechanical properties and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of carbon fiber/silk fiber hybrid composites
Authors: Song Hanlin , He Guanyu , He Yuxin , Huang Lieran , Gao Ziang , Zhang Ruilin , Zhang Li , Liu Hu , Liu Chuntai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a hybrid approach was employed by integrating a high‐modulus, high‐tensile‐strength carbon fiber fabric (CFF) with a low‐density, high‐toughness silk nonwoven fabric (SNWF) to fabricate CFF‐SNWF reinforced epoxy (CFF‐SNWF/EP) hybrid composites. Through the surface freeze‐induced self‐assembly process, the multiscale hybrid modified layers were successfully constructed on the surfaces of both CFF and SNWF. This novel approach effectively enhanced the interfacial strength of the hybrid fibers (HFs). Comparing the performance of the modified composites with unmodified CFF reinforced epoxy (CFF/EP), significant improvements in both tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength were observed. Specifically, the tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength of the modified composites reached 626.7 and 39.16 MPa, a rise scope of 17.1% and 14.8%, respectively. In addition, the hybrid fibers reinforced polymers (HFRPs) exhibited a superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capabilities. For insistence, the modified CFF/EP with a thickness of 2.0 mm showed an impressive EMI shielding effectiveness value of 50 dB. These findings underscore the promising application potential of CFF‐SNWF/EP hybrid composites, particularly in the field of consumer electronics.Highlights
The surface of hybrid fiber was modified by PDA‐GO‐OCNTs‐WPU.
Multi‐scale structure contributes a lot in composite performance.
Hybrid effect before and after interfacial modification is performed.
The hybrid interface modification and hybrid structure were analyzed.
High‐performance carboxylated cellulose nanofibers‐based electro‐responsive ionic artificial muscles toward bioinspired applications
Authors: Wang Fan , Zhou Qiangkun , Zheng Shanqi , Li Qinchuan , Park Sukho 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHighly electro‐responsive soft actuators have aroused immense attention due to their large bending deformation, fast response time, and long durability under low driving voltage. Herein we present a high‐performance ionic soft actuator using carboxylated cellulose nanofiber (CCNF), ionic liquid (IL), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The proposed actuator displayed excellent actuation performances such as a large bending strain of 0.41% (peak‐to‐peak displacement of 13.6 mm), specific capacitance up to 43%, long working ability (95% maintain for 2.5 h), significantly reduced phase delay, and broad frequency bandwidth (0.1–3.0 Hz), all of which were ascribed to the strong ionic interactions of CCNF with PVA and IL. Simultaneously, bionic applications of the actuators were achieved including the active stent, bionic gripper, and bionic fingers for sliding electronic photos and human‐robot interactions. Thus, the proposed actuator provides a way for the advancement of next‐generation artificial muscles, soft robots, and human‐robot interactions.Highlights
Preparing an electro‐ionic actuator using carboxylated cellulose nanofibers.
Ionic interactions and cross‐linking promoting ion transport capability.
The actuator displaying excellent actuation responses and bioinspired applications.
Synthesis and characterization of highly sensitive ammonia sensor based on polyaniline/bismuth doped zinc oxide composites
Authors: Rahim Maheen , Ullah Rizwan , Ahmad Naseer , Rahim Ishrat , Yaseen Sobia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHighly efficient gas sensors fabrication having low detection limits have been one of key research area due to the industrial, environmental and other technological applications. In this study, polyaniline/bismuth doped zinc oxide (PANI/Bi‐ZnO) was prepared via inverse emulsion polymerization and it was coated over a substrate with staggered electrodes to create a highly efficient ammonia (NH3) sensor. The UV/Vis investigation, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), raman spectral analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to describe the structure and morphology of prepared samples. At room temperature, the PANI/Bi‐ZnO sensor's sensitivity to various NH3 gas concentrations ranging from 20 to 100 ppm was examined. According to the experimental findings, the PANI/Bi‐ZnO film exhibits outstanding performance of response and selectivity. The response at 20 ppm NH3 was as high as ⁓100%. The response and recovery time was also calculated at 20 ppm and was 11/15 s. The contact between p‐n heterojunctions in the composite is responsible for the exceptional sensitivity of PANI/Bi‐ZnO towards NH3 sensing.Highlights
Synthesis of Bi doped ZnO composites with PANI at room temperature
Fabrication of highly sensitive and efficient resistive type ammonia sensor
Selective and robust detection of ammonia by the fabricated sensor
High sensitivity with low limit of detection offered by the sensor
Response of the fabricated sensor at 20 ppm NH3 was as high as ⁓100%