bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of diffusive transport of benzoic acid through a liquid membrane
Authors: Koter Stanisław , Szczepański Piotr 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA model of diffusive transport of benzoic acid through a liquid membrane (LM) separating two aqueous solutions, based on diffusion layers and the assumption of a steady state, has been developed and tested using experimental results. It has been found that a model with the apparent partition coefficient dependent on the concentration is able to describe the time dependence of acid concentration in LM with and without a maximum on that dependence. The quality of the model fit with the single apparent diffusion coefficient of benzoic acid is the same as the one which takes into account the diffusion of benzoic acid in different forms (undissociated and dissociated form in aqueous phase, monomer and dimer in organic phase); however, in the second case, the model becomes overparameterized. Assuming that the partition and diffusion coefficients are constant, the diffusion layer model corresponds to the model of reversible consecutive reactions. Analytical solution for such case is given. Apart from the partition equilibrium, also kinetics of partitioning was considered. It was shown that in some basic situations both cases yield identical results.
Beam properties of fully optimized, table-top, coherent source at 30 nm
Authors: Jakubczak K. , Mocek T. , Rus B. , Polan J. , Hrebicek J. , Sawicka M. , Sikocinski P. , Sobota J. , Fort T. , Pina L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe present results on development and experimental implementation of a 1-kHz, coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radia- tion source based on high-order harmonic generation of the femtosecond, near-infrared laser pulses produced by the titanium-doped sapphire laser system (35 fs, 1.2 mJ, 810 nm) at the Institute of Physics AS CR / PALS Centre. The source comprises a low-density static gas cell filled with a conversion medium, typically argon. The comprehensive optimization of the XUV harmonic source has been performed with respect to major parameters such as gas pressure in the cell, cell length, position of the focus of the driving laser field with respect to the gas cell position, size of the driving near-infrared laser beam, chirp of the femtosecond pulse, and the focal length of the lens deployed in the experimental setup. Harmonic spectra were recorded using an XUV transmission grating spectrometer developed specifically for this purpose. Detailed characterization of the XUV source has been performed including measurement of the XUV beam profile, M2 parameter of the beam, absolute energy, and spatial coherence.
Tracking technology for optoelectronic imaging platform of tethered balloon based on DGPS/INS
Authors: Wang Y. , Wang Z. , Zhou W. , Han X. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a tracking method for optoelectronic imaging platform of tethered balloon based on difference global positioning system/inertial navigation system is presented in detail. The location and attitude information of optoelectronic imaging platform, the azimuth and elevation angles of camera’s line of sight are used by this method to locate the ground target at the centre point of the camera’s field of view through corresponding coordinate transformation. And then, the method makes use of the update position and attitude information to solve the theoretical point of camera’s line of sight inversely. Finally, an angle control commend will be sent to the inertially-stabilized turntable on the optoelectronic imaging platform, which will adjust its azimuth and elevation angle to make the camera’s line of sight to the ground target. A lot of experiments are conducted, and the results show that the initial ground target is always in the centre of camera’s field of view no matter how the balloon’s position and attitude change, and the new location data of ground target has little difference with the initial location data, while the difference between them is close to 0.
Photoacoustic method of determination of quantum efficiency of luminescence in Mn2+ ions in Zn1−x−yBexMnySe crystals
Authors: Maliński M. , Chrobak Ł. , Zakrzewski J. , Strzałkowski K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper presents step by step the procedure of determination of the quantum efficiency of luminescence of Mn2+ ions in the Zn1−x−yBexMnySe crystals. The method is based on the photoacoustic spectroscopy approach. In the paper, the experimental spectra of absorbance, transmission, absorption and photoacoustic spectra of the samples are presented and analyzed from the point of view of the possibility of determination of the quantum efficiency of Mn2+ ion luminescence at room temperature. It was determined experimentally that in the investigated crystals the quantum efficiency of luminescence in the Mn2+ ions is about 35%, 40%, 32% for the absorption peaks at 430 nm, 470 nm, and 510 nm, respectively, for Zn0.75Be0.2Mn0.05Se crystal.
Effects of hunting season structure, weather and body condition on overwintering mallard Anas platyrhynchos survival
Authors: Dooley Joshua L. , Sanders Todd A. , Doherty Paul F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractInformation on waterfowl survival during the overwintering season (i.e. autumn and winter), when hunting seasons occur, is important for making harvest management decisions. However, the relationship of overwintering survival to hunting season structure, weather and body condition are not well understood. We measured survival of 235 radio‐marked adult female and male mallards Anas platyrhynchos along the South Platte River corridor in northeastern Colorado, USA, during the overwintering seasons of 2005/06 (pilot year), 2006/07 and 2007/08, and we determined the primary factors affecting survival. Hunting was the most important factor affecting survival. Of mortality, 67% were direct results of hunting, and survival was lower during hunting periods compared to non‐hunting periods. Within hunting periods, survival was lowest during the first 2‐3 weekends of the hunting periods. During the seasons 2006/07 and 2007/08, survival of radio‐marked mallards was monitored during September‐February. The estimated survival was 0.65 (95% CI = 0.50 ‐ 0.78) for females and 0.54 (95% CI = 0.39 ‐ 0.68) for males during 2006/07, and 0.55 (95% CI = 0.40 ‐ 0.69) for females and 0.42 (95% CI = 0.28 ‐ 0.58) for males during 2007/08. We did not observe a strong correlation between body condition index and survival (= 0.36, SE = 0.43). Accumulated snowfall and daily minimum temperature were unimportant variables for predicting survival. Of hunting recoveries, 89% occurred in our study area, and 15% and 18% of radio‐marked mallards went missing during 2006/07 and 2007/08, respectively. Our results suggest that split hunting seasons are an effective management tool to increase hunter harvest and affect overwintering survival. Given a set bag limit and season length, managers may be able to increase hunter harvest by: 1) having hunting periods of at least three weeks in length, 2) including as many weekend days (i.e. Saturdays and Sundays) within hunting periods as possible and 3) interspersing hunting periods with non‐hunting periods of at least 2‐3 weeks.
Foraging location quality as a predictor of fidelity to a diurnal site for adult female American woodcock Scolopax minor
Authors: Doherty Kevin E. , Andersen David E. , Meunier Jed , Oppelt Eileen , Lutz R. Scott , Bruggink John G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractQuality of recently used foraging areas is likely an important predictor of fidelity to specific locations in the future. We monitored movement and habitat use of 58 adult female American woodcock Scolopax minor at three study areas in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, USA, during autumn 2002 and 2003, to assess the relationship between foraging habitat use decisions and environmental conditions at previously used foraging locations. We assessed whether habitat variables which related to food and weather were related to distance between locations on subsequent days of individual woodcock that choose diurnal foraging locations when they return from night‐time roosting locations. We predicted that woodcock would return to foraging locations used on the previous day (i.e. shorter distances between daily foraging locations) when environmental conditions on the prior day were favourable. Woodcock generally made short (i.e. 48% < 50 m and 91% < 400 m) between‐day movements, but also occasionally (∼ 7%) abandoned prior foraging areas. The primary determinants of woodcock movements during autumn (prior to migration) were low local food availability and potential for increased food availability elsewhere. The quality of foraging locations was an important predictor of future foraging habitat use for woodcock, consistent with the hypothesis that woodcock movement behaviour balances the risks associated with movement with the potential benefits of increased energy intake in new foraging areas.
Patterns of scat deposition by brown hyaenas Hyaena brunnea in a mountain savannah region of South Africa
Authors: Hulsman Alma , Dalerum Fredrik , Swanepoel Lourens , Ganswindt Andre , Sutherland Chris , Paris Monique 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe brown hyaena Hyaena brunnea is a near threatened large carnivore inhabiting sub‐Saharan Africa. Like many other species of terrestrial carnivores, brown hyaenas often and repeatedly deposit scats at specific latrine sites as a means of olfactory communication. However, previous studies on brown hyaena latrine use have been constrained to the arid Kalahari region in southern Africa, an area of low resource abundance. To improve our understanding of geographic variation in the biology of this species, we monitored patterns of brown hyaena scat deposition in the Waterberg of northern South Africa, an area of higher net productivity than previous areas for published brown hyaena studies. Defecation rates at latrine sites were low in our study area (median: < 1 defecation in 30 days), but brown hyaenas visited sites significantly more often than they defecated at them (median: 2.6 visits/30 days). The temporal patterns of activity at defecation sites were significantly related to the overall temporal activity patterns of brown hyaenas on the roads within the reserve, and generally confirmed a nocturnal activity pattern in the species. Our result on brown hyaena scat deposition in the Waterberg region indicates a geographic variation in latrine use, and we suggest that such a variation could be linked to resource‐driven variation in social and spatial organisation.
Individual and environmental determinants of early brood survival in black grouse Tetrao tetrix
Authors: Ludwig Gilbert X. , Alatalo Rauno V. , Helle Pekka , Siitari Heli 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn black grouse Tetrao tetrix the survival of juveniles from hatching until recruitment is a critical determinant of population growth. The proportion of juvenile survivors from hatching until recruitment declines continually, but juvenile mortality rates are commonly highest during approximately the first 10 days after hatching. Likely causes of mortality include adverse weather, predation and availability of food. Little is known, however, about how individual properties, such as body mass of hen or chicks and properties of the brood rearing environment (e.g. vegetation characteristics or weather conditions) interact with each other and/or with fluctuating levels of predator abundance in determining early brood survival, simply because such data are very scarce. Using an information‐theoretic approach, our paper identifies determinants of early daily survival rates of black grouse chicks in a managed forest landscape of central Finland. During the three years of our study, the proportion of hens losing their broods within 10 days after hatching varied between 0.08 and 0.36.The variation in daily survival rates of chicks was largely mediated by a combination of four key explanatory variables. Brood survival clearly increased with the extent of bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus cover, and was further affected by interactions of temperature and hatching date as well as temperature and chick body mass. Low temperatures consistently resulted in lower daily survival rates. An increase in temperature, however, was more beneficial for early hatchers and heavy chicks. There was no difference in survival between broods from yearling and adult hens and we found no effect of predator density, be it as main effect or as interaction with other variables, on the daily survival rates of chicks. Improving black grouse breeding success can be regarded as a key management target which may be critical for their recovery. Our results suggest that such management should favour protection or local recovery of bilberry, as well as integrate weather and climate changes into the equation of hunting management.
Does illegal hunting skew Serengeti wildlife sex ratios?
Authors: Marealle Wilfred N. , Foss⊘y Frode , Holmern Tomas , Stokke Bård G. , R⊘skaft Eivin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this article we show that the population of Serengeti Masai giraffes Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi is extremely female biased, particularly among newborns. Our results suggest that this might be a response to heavy illegal hunting and the continuous disturbance such activities cause on giraffes, as sex ratios were more female skewed in all age groups in areas with high risk of illegal hunting. Giraffes were also more vigilant and fled at longer distances in such areas. Such female skewed sex ratios have also been found in other Serengeti species such as the ostrich Struthio camelus, the impala Aepycerus melampus and the wildebeest Connochaetus taurinus. In all studies, the sex ratio was more female skewed in areas in which illegal hunting is common. We found that sex ratio in giraffe calves, particularly in areas with high risk of illegal hunting, were more female skewed than in subadults or adults, indicating a female biased sex ratio at birth. If wildlife species react to a constant human disturbance by conceiving female offspring, this might cause serious conservation challenges. Conservation managers must anyway take this into account when developing future hunting regimes, not only for giraffes but also for other ungulate species under constant stress. We discuss various hypotheses aiming at explaining the female biased sex ratio in giraffes. However, further studies are needed to disentangle the causes of the skewed sex ratio observed in our study.
Soils and forage quality as predictors of white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus morphometrics
Authors: Jones Phillip D. , Strickland Bronson K. , Demarais Stephen , Rude Brian J. , Edwards Scott L. , Muir James P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBiologists tasked with managing cervids could benefit from models predicting physical characteristics. Differences in white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus morphometrics across soil resource areas in Mississippi, USA, provide opportunity to test the predictive capacity of soil chemical and forage quality variables. Using principal components analysis (PCA), we modeled variation in body mass and antler score of ≥ 1.5‐year‐old male deer against seven soil chemical variables and 12 forage quality variables to elucidate potential nutritional factors corresponding with physical variation among 21 deer populations. We developed separate sets of models at the levels of state and soil resource area (Delta, Thin Loess and Lower Coastal Plain) and compared statewide models with general linear models (GLM) that related deer morphometrics to nominal classification variables representing the three soil resource areas. PCA distinguished a gradient of increasing soil fertility and forage quality that explained 58% of body mass and 52% of antler score variation statewide. However, the GLM using soil resource area as the explanatory variable explained 78 and 61%, respectively, indicating that management models should use soil resource area to designate areas with broadly similar nutritional planes. Within soil resource areas, the region with the greatest soil fertility and forage quality (Delta) did not model successfully for either body mass or antler score. The Thin Loess was successfully modeled for antler score, but only the Lower Coastal Plain, which had the lowest level of soil and forage quality, was successfully modeled for both morphometric variables. The Delta may have represented an area with habitat quality sufficiently high to render small variations non‐influential. In contrast, the generally poorer soil quality of Thin Loess and Lower Coastal Plain soils and forages may act as a limiting factor on physical expression, which allowed some response to relatively small fluctuations in range quality. The potential utility of soil and forage metrics within soil resource areas to estimate deer physical qualities appears to be primarily for fine‐tuning estimates largely determined by factors such as density and land use.
Polémique anti-judaïque et émergence de l'Islam (7e-8e siècles)
Authors: Déroche Vincent 
Published: February 2011

REB 57 1999 France p. 141
Vincent Déroche, Polémique anti-judaïque et émergence de l'Islam (7e -8e s.). — In the light of the recent thesis of D. Olster, in whose opinion anti-Jewish polemics of the 7th- 8th centuries had no other goal than to reinforce the political confidence of eastern Christians in the wake of Islam, we are reminded of the religious dimension of the conflict through an assessment of the important texts.
Les Stigand : Des Normands à Constantinople
Authors: Amsellem Emmanuelle 
Published: February 2011

REB 57 1999 France p. 283
Emmanuelle Amsellem, Les Stigand : des Normands à Constantinople. — Odon Stigand went on a pilgrimage as far as Constantinople in the company of Robert of Normandy. The Chronicle of Ste-Barbe en Auge tells us that Odon, his eldest son, was in service to the Comneni and Doukai, and that his brother, Robert, entered in turn into imperial service and received as recompense the relics of St Barbe.
Conservation biogeography of red oaks (Quercus, sectionLobatae) in Mexico and Central America
Authors: Torres‐Miranda Andrés , Luna‐Vega Isolda , Oyama Ken 
Published: February 2011

•Premise of the study: Oaks are dominant trees and key species in many temperate and subtropical forests in the world. In this study, we analyzed patterns of distribution of red oaks (Quercus, sectionLobatae) occurring in Mexico and Central America to determine areas of species richness and endemism to propose areas of conservation.•Methods: Patterns of richness and endemism of 75 red oak species were analyzed using three different units. Two complementarity algorithms based on species richness and three algorithms based on species rarity were used to identify important areas for conservation. A simulated annealing analysis was performed to evaluate and formulate effective new reserves for red oaks that are useful for conserving the ecosystems associated with them after the systematic conservation planning approach.•Key results: Two main centers of species richness were detected. The northern Sierra Madre Oriental and Serranías Meridionales of Jalisco had the highest values of endemism. Fourteen areas were considered as priorities for conservation of red oak species based on the 26 priority political entities, 11 floristic units and the priority grid‐cells obtained in the complementarity analysis. In the present network of Natural Protected Areas in Mexico and Central America, only 41.3% (31 species) of the red oak species are protected. The simulated annealing analysis indicated that to protect all 75 species of red oaks, 12 current natural protected areas need to be expanded by 120000 ha of additional land, and 26 new natural protected areas with 512500 ha need to be created.•Conclusions: Red oaks are a useful model to identify areas for conservation based on species richness and endemism as a result of their wide geographic distribution and a high number of species. We evaluated and reformulated new reserves for red oaks that are also useful for the conservation of ecosystems associated with them.
Maporal Virus as a Surrogate for Pathogenic New World Hantaviruses and its Inhibition by Favipiravir
Authors: Buys Kristin K , Jung Kie-Hoon , Smee Donald F , Furuta Yousuke , Gowen Brian B 
Published: February 2011

Background: Pathogenic hantaviruses geographically distributed in the Old World cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), whereas New World hantaviruses are the aetiological agents of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Ribavirin, a drug associated with toxicities, is presently indicated for treatment of HFRS, whereas treatment of the more frequently lethal HCPS is limited to supportive care. Because of the need for safe and effective antivirals to treat severe hantaviral infections, we evaluated favipiravir (T-705) against Dobrava and Maporal viruses as representative Old World and New World hantaviruses, respectively. Dobrava virus causes HFRS in Europe. Maporal virus (MPRLV), recently isolated from western Venezuela, is phylogenetically similar to Andes virus, the principal cause of HCPS in Argentina. Methods: Hantavirus replication in the presence of various inhibitors was measured by focus-forming unit assays and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Phylogenetic relationships were assessed by the neighbour-joining and bootstrap consensus methods. Results: Here, we show that infection of Vero E6 cells with MPRLV is dependent on β3 integrins, similar to that reported for pathogenic hantaviruses. Furthermore, by analysis of molecular determinants associated with the G1 glycoprotein cytoplasmic tail, we show the close genetic proximity of MPRLV to other HCPS-causing hantaviruses in these regions predictive of pathogenicity. We also demonstrate anti-hantavirus activity by favipiravir with inhibitory concentrations ranging from 65 to 93 μM and selectivity indices >50. Conclusions: Our data suggest that MPRLV may serve as a safer alternative to modelling infection caused by the highly lethal Andes virus and that hantaviruses are sensitive to the effects of favipiravir in cell culture.
Computational and Experimental Analysis Reveals a Requirement for Eosinophil-Derived IL-13 for the Development of Allergic Airway Responses in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Walsh Elizabeth R. , Thakar Juilee , Stokes Kindra , Huang Fei , Albert Reka , August Avery 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEosinophils are found in the lungs of humans with allergic asthma, as well as in the lungs of animals in models of this disease. Increasing evidence suggests that these cells are integral to the development of allergic asthma in C57BL/6 mice. However, the specific function of eosinophils that is required for this event is not known. In this study, we experimentally validate a dynamic computational model and perform follow-up experimental observations to determine the mechanism of eosinophil modulation of T cell recruitment to the lung during development of allergic asthma. We find that eosinophils deficient in IL-13 were unable to rescue airway hyperresponsiveness, T cell recruitment to the lungs, and Th2 cytokine/chemokine production in ΔdblGATA eosinophil-deficient mice, even if Th2 cells were present. However, eosinophil-derived IL-13 alone was unable to rescue allergic asthma responses in the absence of competence of other IL-13–producing cells. We further computationally investigate the role of other cell types in the production of IL-13, which led to the various predictions including early and late pulses of IL-13 during airway hyperresponsiveness. These experiments suggest that eosinophils and T cells have an interdependent relationship, centered on IL-13, which regulates T cell recruitment to the lung and development of allergic asthma.