bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What's Political in Seventeenth‐Century Women's Political Writing?
Authors: Suzuki Mihoko 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecent scholarship on women's writing in seventeenth‐century England has emphasized the political aspect of these texts. While scholars of Anne Bradstreet have generally praised her late lyrics at the expense of her narrative history ‘The Four Monarchies’, this essay seeks to place the ‘Four Monarchies’ in the context of political writings by seventeenth‐century English women writers such as Margaret Cavendish, Anne Clifford, Brilliana Harley, and especially her contemporaries writing in Old England concerning the English Civil Wars, such as Elizabeth Poole, Anna Trapnel, Eleanor Davies, and Mary Cary.
Ca2+‐Binding Proteins in Dogs with Heart Failure: Effects of Cardiac Contractility Modulation Electrical Signals
Authors: Gupta Ramesh C. , Mishra Sudhish , Rastogi Sharad , Wang Mengjum , Rousso Benny , Mika Yuval , Remppis Andrew , Sabbah Hani N. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract Background: In dogs with heart failure (HF), chronic therapy with cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) electrical signals delivered to left ventricular (LV) muscle during the absolute refractory period improves LV function. This study examined the effects of CCM therapy on the expression of calcium (Ca2+)‐binding proteins (CBPs) in dogs with HF. Methods and Results: Studies were performed in LV tissue from seven CCM‐treated HF dogs, seven untreated HF dogs, and six normal (NL) dogs. mRNA expression of S100A1, sorcin, presenillin‐1 (PS1), PS2, histidine‐rich Ca2+‐binding protein (HRC), and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S), a housekeeping gene, was measured using RT‐PCR. Protein levels of CBPs and calsequestrin (CSQ) were determined by Western blotting. No difference was observed in the expression of 18S and CSQ among study groups. Compared with NL, the expression of S100A1, sorcin, and HRC was decreased, whereas the expression of PS2 was increased in untreated HF dogs. CCM therapy normalized the expression of S100A1, sorcin, and PS2 but not of HRC. No change was seen in the expression of PS1 among study groups. Conclusion: CCM therapy restores LV expression of S100A1, PS2, and sorcin. Normalization of CBPs may partly contribute to improved LV function in HF following CCM therapy.
CE: Continuing Education Article VASCULAR ACCESS MANAGEMENT II: AVF/AVG CANNULATION TECHNIQUES AND COMPLICATIONS
Authors: McCann Margaret , Einarsdottir Hildur , Van Waeleghem Jean Pierre , Murphy Fiona , Sedgwick John 
Published: May 2009

SUMMARYThis second article, in a three‐part Continuing Education (CE) series on Vascular Access Management, focuses on cannulation issues including complications relating to arteriovenous fistula and arteriovenous graft access. The first article (McCann et al. 2008) gave an overview of vascular access while the final article in this series will focus on central venous catheters (CVC).
Short‐term prolongation of pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy for genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C patients with early viral response
Authors: Ikeda Hiroki , Suzuki Michihiro , Okuse Chiaki , Yamada Norie , Okamoto Masaru , Kobayashi Minoru , Nagase Yoshihiko , Takahashi Hideaki , Matsunaga Koutarou , Matsumoto Nobuyuki , Itoh Fumio , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Koitabashi Yu , Yasuda Kiyomi , Iino Shiro 
Published: May 2009

Aim:  We tailored extended treatments using pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) to viral responses after initiation of therapy and investigated the efficacy and safety of its therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.Methods:  Eighty‐two genotype 1b CHC patients were enrolled in the present study. All patients received PEG IFN‐α‐2b and weight‐based RBV therapy. We defined a viral response in which serum HCV‐RNA is undetectable at week 4 as rapid viral response (RVR), detectable at week 4 and undetectable by week 12 as early viral response (EVR), and detectable at week 12 and undetectable by week 24 as late viral response (LVR). We set the treatment duration depending on viral response; 48 weeks for RVR patients and 72 weeks for LVR. Furthermore, EVR patients received a short‐term extension of treatment duration to 52–60 weeks. We prospectively investigated sustained viral response (SVR) rates of these groups.Results:  Overall SVR rate for the total patient group was 57.3%. SVR rates of the RVR, EVR and LVR patients were 100%, 80.5% and 40.0%, respectively. Nine patients could not complete this treatment protocol. Baseline platelet count and mutation in the interferon sensitivity‐determining region of NS5A were significant independent predictors of SVR, and amino acid substitution of the core region was a significant independent predictor of non‐viral response by multivariate logistic regression analyses.Conclusion:  The results indicate that short‐treatment extension of PEG IFN plus RBV treatment protocols in EVR patients can improve overall SVR rates.
Adult to pediatric living donor liver transplantation for portal cavernoma
Authors: Zhang Mingman , Guo Chunbao , Pu Conglun , Ren Zhimei , Li Yingcun , Kang Quan , Jin Xianqing , Yan Lvnan 
Published: May 2009

Aim:  Portal cavernoma (PC) is an important cause of non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension with severe complications, such as variceal hemorrhage in pediatric patients. With the development of new surgical techniques, living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has recently been recognized as a viable but challenging treatment option for PC. The purpose of the present study was to summarize the efficacy of LDLT in PC patients and to carry out a follow‐up study of pediatric recipients.Methods:  The primary indication for LDLT in our research was PC with severe variceal bleeding and liver function decompensation. Three patients were diagnosed with PC following evaluation with computed tomography angiography and abdominal color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU).Results:  Various surgical techniques, including jump bypass grafting for portal vein anastomosis, were carried out according to the range and degree of cavernous transformation within the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein. Postoperative CDU confirmed the early integrity of the portal vein (PV) in each patient. PV rethrombosis occurred in one patient 7 days after LDLT, despite anticoagulation therapy with coumadin. Two of the three patients had no further episodes of variceal hemorrhage during the 2‐year follow‐up period.Conclusions:  The present study is the first report of the successful use of LDLT to treat pediatric PC patients. We conclude that LDLT is effective for the majority of pediatric patients with PC.
Deconstructing Service–Learning: A Framework for Interior Design
Authors: Zollinger Stephanie Watson , Guerin Denise A. , Hadjiyanni Tasoulla , Martin Caren S. 
Published: May 2009

Service–learning has long been essential to university education. With the literature focusing on extolling its benefits to student learning, little direction is offered to educators interested in approaching a service–learning project. Applying this knowledge to a studio–based field like interior design requires additional adjustments, and questions still abound: What must be considered when integrating service–learning in an interior design curriculum? What are the challenges and opportunities that must be recognized? And, how best can the field take advantage of this teaching pedagogy? As universities are increasing the emphasis on service–learning in their missions, it is appropriate for interior design to start a dialogue around ways to strengthen its associations with service–learning. Drawing from a literature review and three case studies from the interior design program of the University of Minnesota, this paper responds to the above questions and posits that only by deconstructing service–learning projects can educators determine their suitability. The paper proposes a framework, a tool that can guide programs’ decision making of how and if to integrate a service–learning project in their curriculum. The framework consists of four criteria and sets of considerations relevant to each and sheds light on what service–learning projects entail. The authors conclude that educators cognizant of the multiple decisions embedded within each of the criteria (relate to course objectives, apply course knowledge, connect to the community, and reflect on learning) enhance their chances for successful service–learning experiences on all levels: the university, program, students, client, practitioners, and the community at large.
Resting Ca2+influx does not contribute to anoxia-induced cell death in adult rat cardiac myocytes
Authors: Mont Meghan R. , Carlson C. George , Geisbuhler Timothy P. 
Published: May 2009

Calcium has been proposed as a primary influence on cell death during ischemic episodes in myocardial cells. One component of calcium entry into a cell is resting calcium influx. This basal movement of calcium is blocked by 100 µmol/L gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) in cardiac myocytes. Therefore, GdCl3should be cardioprotective under anoxic conditions. To test this, cardiac myocytes isolated from adult male rats were subjected to anoxia (100% N2) in the presence or absence of 100 µmol/L GdCl3in one of 2 ways. In the first method, cells were suspended in media and rendered anoxic for 0, 30, and 60 min, after which cell morphology and viability were scored. After 60 min of anoxia, rod-shaped cells accounted for 46% ± 4% of total cells (viability 81%); 10 min of reoxygenation markedly reduced rod-shaped cells to 27% (viability 72%). GdCl3in the medium did not protect the cells (anoxic rods 49%, reoxygenated rods 30%, viability 77%). In the second method, cells were attached to a laminin substrate, rendered anoxic, and then videotaped for up to 6 h. In this system, cells maintained their shape for some time after the onset of anoxia, and then began to ‘die’ (i.e., to take on either a rigor form or hypercontracted form) at a measurable rate. Time to onset of ‘death’ (t0), time to 50% and 100% ‘death’ (t50and t100), and rate of ‘death’ were used to measure anoxic damage. Without GdCl3, cells on average began to die 115 ± 32 min after the onset of anoxia (t0); they died at an average rate of 0.046 cells/min. t50was achieved in 149 ± 42 min, t100in 183 ± 54 min. Addition of 100 µmol/L GdCl3did not affect any of these parameters. We concluded that GdCl3was not cardioprotective for anoxic myocytes and that cell damage generated by anoxia could not be attributed to resting calcium influx.
Morphology of the rectal gland of the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) shark in response to feeding
Authors: Matey Victoria , Wood Chris M. , Dowd W. Wesley , Kültz Dietmar , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: May 2009

The morphology of the rectal gland was examined in spiny dogfish ( Squalus acanthias L, 1758) sharks fasted (1 week) or 6 and 20 h postfeeding. The morphology of the fasted gland showed a pattern reflecting a dormant physiology, with thick gland capsule, thick stratified epithelium, and secretory parenchyma with tubules of small diameter and lumen. The secretory cells of the tubular epithelium were enlarged and irregularly shaped with abnormally condensed or highly vacuolized cytoplasm containing numerous lysosomes. Early-stage apoptotic cells were not uncommon. Secretory cells showed signs of low activity, e.g., mitochondria with weakly stained matrix and small cristae, poorly branched infoldings of basolateral membranes, and microvesicle-free subapical cytoplasm. All characteristics examined changed significantly upon feeding, consistent with increased salt and fluid secretion: the outer capsule muscle layer and the stratified epithelium decreased in diameter; the tubules enlarged; the secretory cells showed extensive development of the basolateral membrane, more mitochondria, and abundant apical microvesicles. Secretory cell apical surface was increased. The minor differences between morphology in 6 and 20 h postfeeding indicated that changes took place rapidly and were complete by 6 h. Our results are discussed in the context of prior studies of metabolism, proteomics, and cellular pathways of gland activation.
The Blame Game: The Effect of Responsibility and Social Stigma on Empathy for Pain
Authors: Decety Jean , Echols Stephanie , Correll Joshua 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This investigation combined behavioral and functional neuroimaging measures to explore whether perception of pain is modulated by the target's stigmatized status and whether the target bore responsibility for that stigma. During fMRI scanning, participants were exposed to a series of short video clips featuring age-matched individuals experiencing pain who were (a) similar to the participant (healthy), (b) stigmatized but not responsible for their stigmatized condition (infected with AIDS as a result of an infected blood transfusion), or (c) stigmatized and responsible for their stigmatized condition (infected with AIDS as a result of intravenous drug use). Explicit pain and empathy ratings for the targets were obtained outside of the MRI environment, along with a variety of implicit and explicit measures of AIDS bias. Results showed that participants were significantly more sensitive to the pain of AIDS transfusion targets as compared with healthy and AIDS drug targets, as evidenced by significantly higher pain and empathy ratings during video evaluation and significantly greater hemodynamic activity in areas associated with pain processing (i.e., right anterior insula, anterior midcingulate cortex, periaqueductal gray). In contrast, significantly less activity was observed in the anterior midcingulate cortex for AIDS drug targets as compared with healthy controls. Further, behavioral differences between healthy and AIDS drug targets were moderated by the extent to which participants blamed AIDS drug individuals for their condition. Controlling for both explicit and implicit AIDS bias, the more participants blamed these targets, the less pain they attributed to them as compared with healthy controls. The present study reveals that empathic resonance is moderated early in information processing by a priori attitudes toward the target group.
Observed Sea Surface Temperature of Tokyo Bay and Its Impact on Urban Air Temperature
Authors: Oda Ryoko , Kanda Manabu 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Sea surface temperature (SST) and air temperature were measured in situ in Tokyo Bay. These measurements were made with high spatial and temporal resolutions between November 2006 and September 2007. The analysis of these data revealed 1) the seasonal and diurnal variations of SST and air temperature, and 2) the physical process by which Tokyo Bay lowers urban air temperature in summer. The following were the major findings obtained: 1) the diurnal amplitude of SST was as large as 5.5°C; 2) abrupt increases of SST occurred at the head and mouth of the bay that were due to heated water discharge and the Kuroshio, respectively; 3) the values of the satellite-based objectively analyzed SSTs were higher than those of the in situ SSTs, especially in winter; 4) the relationship between SST and air temperature was classified into three seasonal modes—winter, transient, and summer—and each mode was associated with the seasonal stability condition of the near-surface water; 5) the strong southwesterly wind over the bay in summer decreased the SST mainly because of increased turbulent mixing at the water surface, thereby increasing downward sensible heat flux up to −100 W m−2; 6) the lower SSTs in summer lowered the air temperature, but only for the urban atmosphere near the coast, and no effect was detected at 20 km inland; and 7) the horizontal gradient of air temperature over the land intensified with increasing wind speed.
Recurrent mutations of the STAT6 DNA binding domain in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Ritz Olga , Guiter Chrystelle , Castellano Flavia , Dorsch Karola , Melzner Julia , Jais Jean-Philippe , Dubois Gwendoline , Gaulard Philippe , Möller Peter , Leroy Karen 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) is a separate entity of aggressive B-cell lymphoma, characterized by a constitutive activation of janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway, also observed in Hodgkin lymphoma. Although many cancers exhibit constitutive JAK-STAT pathway activation, mutations of STAT genes have not been reported in neoplasms. Here, we show that MedB-1 PMBL-derived and L1236 Hodgkin-derived cell lines and 20 of 55 (36%) PMBL cases harbor heterozygous missense mutations in STAT6 DNA binding domain, whereas no mutation was found in 25 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma samples. In 3 cases, somatic origin was indicated by the absence of the mutations in the nontumoral tissue. The pattern of STAT6 mutations was different from the classical features of somatic hypermutations. The mutant STAT6 proteins showed a decreased DNA binding ability in transfected HEK cells, but no decrease in expression of STAT6 canonical target genes was observed in PMBL cases with a mutated STAT6 gene. Although the oncogenic properties of STAT6 mutant proteins remain to be determined, their recurrent selection in PMBL strongly argues for their involvement in the pathogenesis of this aggressive B-cell lymphoma.
Validating subcellular localization prediction tools with mycobacterial proteins
Authors: Restrepo-Montoya Daniel , Vizcaíno Carolina , Niño Luis F , Ocampo Marisol , Patarroyo Manuel E , Patarroyo Manuel A 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Background
The computational prediction of mycobacterial proteins' subcellular localization is of key importance for proteome annotation and for the identification of new drug targets and vaccine candidates. Several subcellular localization classifiers have been developed over the past few years, which have comprised both general localization and feature-based classifiers. Here, we have validated the ability of different bioinformatics approaches, through the use of SignalP 2.0, TatP 1.0, LipoP 1.0, Phobius, PA-SUB 2.5, PSORTb v.2.0.4 and Gpos-PLoc, to predict secreted bacterial proteins. These computational tools were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity and Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) using a set of mycobacterial proteins having less than 40% identity, none of which are included in the training data sets of the validated tools and whose subcellular localization have been experimentally confirmed. These proteins belong to the TBpred training data set, a computational tool specifically designed to predict mycobacterial proteins.

Results
A final validation set of 272 mycobacterial proteins was obtained from the initial set of 852 mycobacterial proteins. According to the results of the validation metrics, all tools presented specificity above 0.90, while dispersion sensitivity and MCC values were above 0.22. PA-SUB 2.5 presented the highest values; however, these results might be biased due to the methodology used by this tool. PSORTb v.2.0.4 left 56 proteins out of the classification, while Gpos-PLoc left just one protein out.

Conclusion
Both subcellular localization approaches had high predictive specificity and high recognition of true negatives for the tested data set. Among those tools whose predictions are not based on homology searches against SWISS-PROT, Gpos-PLoc was the general localization tool with the best predictive performance, while SignalP 2.0 was the best tool among the ones using a feature-based approach. Even though PA-SUB 2.5 presented the highest metrics, it should be taken into account that this tool was trained using all proteins reported in SWISS-PROT, which includes the protein set tested in this study, either as a BLAST search or as a training model.
An integrated RH map of porcine chromosome 10
Authors: Ma Jian-Gang , Yasue Hiroshi , Eyer Katie E , Hiraiwa Hideki , Shimogiri Takeshi , Meyers Stacey N , Beever Jonathan E , Schook Lawrence B , Beattie Craig W , Liu Wan-Sheng 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundWhole genome radiation hybrid (WG-RH) maps serve as "scaffolds" to significantly improve the orientation of small bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs, order genes within the contigs and assist assembly of a sequence-ready map for virtually any species. Here, we report the construction of a porcine: human comparative map for pig (Sus scrofa) chromosome 10 (SSC10) using the IMNpRH212,000-radporcine WG-RH panel, integrated with the IMpRH7000-radWG-RH, genetic and BAC fingerprinted contig (FPC) maps.ResultsMap vectors from the IMNpRH212,000-radand IMpRH7,000-radpanels were merged to construct parallel framework (FW) maps, within which FW markers common to both panels have an identical order. This strategy reduced map discrepancies between the two panels and significantly improved map accuracy. A total of 216 markers, including 50 microsatellites (MSs), 97 genes and ESTs, and 69 BAC end sequences (BESs), were ordered within two linkage groups at two point (2 pt) LOD score of 8. One linkage group covers SSC10p with accumulated map distances of 738.2 cR7,000and 1814.5 cR12,000, respectively. The second group covers SSC10q at map distances of 1336.9 cR7,000and 3353.6 cR12,000, yielding an overall average map resolution of 16.4 kb/cR12,000or 393.5 kb per marker on SSC10. This represents a ~2.5-fold increase in map resolution over the IMpRH7,000-radpanel. Based on 127 porcine markers that have homologous sequences in the human genome, a detailed comparative map between SSC10 and human (Homo sapiens) chromosome (HSA) 1, 9 and 10 was built.ConclusionThis initial comparative RH map of SSC10 refines the syntenic regions between SSC10 and HSA1, 9 and 10. It integrates the IMNpRH212,000-radand IMpRH7,000-rad, genetic and BAC FPC maps and provides a scaffold to close potential gaps between contigs prior to genome sequencing and assembly. This map is also useful in fine mapping of QTLs on SSC10.
Antibody-mediated immunity to the obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Coxiella burnetii is Fc receptor- and complement-independent
Authors: Shannon Jeffrey G , Cockrell Diane C , Takahashi Kazue , Stahl Gregory L , Heinzen Robert A 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe obligate intracellular bacterial pathogenCoxiella burnetiicauses the zoonosis Q fever. The intracellular niche ofC. burnetiihas led to the assumption that cell-mediated immunity is the most important immune component for protection against this pathogen. However, passive immunization with immune serum can protect naïve animals from challenge with virulentC. burnetii, indicating a role for antibody (Ab) in protection. The mechanism of this Ab-mediated protection is unknown. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine whether Fc receptors (FcR) or complement contribute to Ab-mediated immunity (AMI) toC. burnetii.ResultsVirulentC. burnetiiinfects and replicates within human dendritic cells (DC) without inducing their maturation or activation. We investigated the effects of Ab opsonizedC. burnetiion human monocyte-derived and murine bone marrow-derived DC. Infection of DC with Ab-opsonizedC. burnetiiresulted in increased expression of maturation markers and inflammatory cytokine production. Bacteria that had been incubated with naïve serum had minimal effect on DC, similar to virulentC. burnetiialone. The effect of Ab opsonizedC. burnetiion DC was FcR dependent as evidenced by a reduced response of DC from FcR knockout (FcR k/o) compared to C57Bl/6 (B6) mice. To address the potential role of FcR in Ab-mediated protection in vivo, we compared the response of passively immunized FcR k/o mice to the B6 controls. Interestingly, we found that FcR are not essential for AMI toC. burnetiiin vivo. We subsequently examined the role of complement in AMI by passively immunizing and challenging several different strains of complement-deficient mice and found that AMI toC. burnetiiis also complement-independent.ConclusionDespite our data showing FcR-dependent stimulation of DC in vitro, Ab-mediated immunity toC. burnetiiin vivo is FcR-independent. We also found that passive immunity to this pathogen is independent of complement.