bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Duration of Untreated Psychosis - A Retrospective Study done in a Rural Medical College
Authors: Singh Arushi , Poonam M. , Krithishree S. S. , Annapoorna R. 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim:
Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is the measure of time from the emergence of the psychosis to intervention. There is a lot of controversy about its importance and the factors affecting the length of it. In this study, we investigate factors possibly affecting DUP in a patient’s attending psychiatry OPD in a rural medical college.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Cases were selected from the register of medical records identifying the occurrence of first-episode psychosis diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and delusional disorder according to the International Classification of Diseases -10 between July 2020 and July 2021. A total of 30 cases were included following approval from the ethical committee. These cases were investigated further for the factors of interest, i.e. sociodemographic details, substance abuse, family history, magico-religious beliefs, social support, and awareness of mental illness among caretakers.

Results:
The mean age of our sample (n = 30) was 32.7 years, and out of them, 53% were male, 53.3% of them were married, and maximum (53.3%) of them belonged to the age group of 18–29 years. The mean DUP among our patients was 13.27 weeks. 53.3% belonged to lower/upper lower socio - economic status, most of them (63.4%) belonging to rural background. 33.3% of the patients had family history of psychosis.

Conclusion:
Patient’s sociodemographic profile as well as social support, religious beliefs, and awareness of mental illness act as a predictor for the DUP. Therefore, the morbidity and stress of the caregivers can be reduced by identifying these factors and taking appropriate action.
Impact of coronavirus 2019 infection on the kidneys in Assiut governorate
Authors: Abd El-Gaber Eman A. , Kenawy Eglal M. , EL-Nasser Waleed S. , Hassanin Ebtisam S. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Several previous studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases reported that impairment of organs, that is, the liver, heart, and the kidneys, other than the lung can occur. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 infection on the kidneys.

Patients and methods
The current study was conducted as a retrospective and prospective study, where two samples of adult inpatients (aged >18 years) were recruited. The study was carried out in the period from April to June 2020 (the first wave) and from December 2020 to February 2021 (the second wave).

Results
A total of 1065 COVID-19 confirmed patients were admitted to the two Asyut governorate quarantine hospitals by the end of the study period (first wave n=525 and second wave n=540 patients). According to renal function parameter results, kidney injury was reported in 57.5% (n=302) of the patients in the first wave and in 58.7% (n=317) of cases in the second wave. On follow-up, only a small proportion (<10%) of patients had improvement in the kidney function parameters.

Conclusion
About half of the confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the quarantine hospitals at Asyut Governorate had kidney injury, which persisted after treatment and less than 10% showed improvement on treatment with no significant effect on the mortality rate of the patients.
Relationship between central corneal thickness and axial eye length using partial coherence interferometry
Authors: Abdelkhalek Wafaa A.E. , Hegazy Hanan S. , El-Kasaby Mohamed I. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Several studies have shown the relationship between axial length (AL) of the eye and central corneal thickness (CCT). Since genetics, ethnicity, and race can affect these factors, their differences between different societies can probably explain refractive error variance. We present the ocular parameter values in 154 eyes of different refractive error groups to investigate the correlation between AL of the eye and CCT in Egyptians with refractive errors.

Patients and methods
In all, 154 patients were classified into emmetropic, hypermetropic, simple myopic, congenital myopic, and malignant myopic groups. Most ocular parameters were achieved using IOLMaster 700 and stratified according to AL and CCT.

Results
The CCT means in the studied groups was 537±34, 523±31, 541±40, 524±40, and 524±27 μm in emmetropic, hypermetropic, simple myopic, congenital myopic, and malignant myopic groups, respectively. The AL was 23±0.76, 22±1.1, 25±1.3, 26±1.4, and 29±1.6 mm, respectively. Regarding the correlation between AL of the eye and CCT (r=−0.01, P=0.92, confidence interval=−0.17 to 0.15).

Conclusion
This study provided valued measurements of ocular parameters of the Egyptians with refractive errors. Besides, there is no significant correlation between AL of the eye and its CCT in Egyptians with errors of refraction.
Thyroid eye disease treated with orbital decompression surgery versus repeated peribulbar injection of triamcinolone
Authors: Elfarouk Nehal O. , Seoud Sabah A. , Atwa Fatma A. , Kamel Rehab M. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common autoimmune disease of the orbit. Management includes conservative measures, medical therapy, surgery, and targeted biologic therapy.

Aim
To compare the efficacy of repeated peribulbar triamcinolone injections with surgical orbital decompression in patients with moderate to severe TED.

Patients and methods
A prospective nonrandomized, noncontrolled comparative interventional study was conducted that included 30 eyes with moderate to severe inactive TED, which were divided into two groups: group A included 15 eyes that were enrolled for surgical orbital decompression and group B included 15 eyes that underwent repeated peribulbar triamcinolone injections. Patients were subjected to preoperative and postoperative ophthalmological examination, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure measurement, and degree of proptosis.

Results
Hertel's exophthalmometer measurements showed mean±SD difference between preoperative and postoperative values in group A of 6.20±1.32, whereas group B had 2.53±0.92, revealing high statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative results in each group as well as between both groups. Differences in intraocular pressure values between preoperative and postoperative periods in group A were 1.73±1.39 and in group B were 1.13±0.92, showing a highly statistically significant difference. Concerning refraction, the mean difference between preoperative and postoperative periods in sphere, cylinder, and axis in group A showed a highly statistically significant difference in cylinder and axis, whereas only cylinder and not axis in group B.

Conclusion
Both repeated peribulbar injection of triamcinolone and surgical orbital decompression are effective modalities for management of moderate and severe inactive TED, with surgical orbital decompression having the upper hand in providing better results in reduction of proptosis.
Role of stem cells in the management of acute kidney disease
Authors: Galala Fawzi M.A. , Mohammed Shaaban R.I. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Renal failure is usually treated by hemodialysis forever. Renal transplantation is the only curative intervention. However, regenerative therapies are expected to exert a beneficial role in such situations. The aim of this study was to study the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of acute renal failure (ARF) in an animal model.

Materials and methods
ARF was induced by cisplatin injection in 20 male rats weighing 200–225 g. Rats were allocated into one of two equal groups: group A included 10 rats with ARF and umbilical cord-derived stem cell treatment, and group B included 10 rats with saline treatment. In addition, 10 healthy rats were included as a healthy control group (group C). Both serum urea and creatinine were measured after induction of renal failure and on the 7th and 15th day after MSC treatment. Kidney sections were obtained, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined histologically.

Results
Serum urea and creatinine showed marked elevation after cisplatin injection. These values progressively decreased with MSC treatment significantly. At the end of the second week, the values were near normal. In addition, histological examination of renal section confirms the results obtained by laboratory analysis.

Conclusion
Umbilical cord-derived MSCs could play a regenerative action in ARF.
Sural and medial plantar nerve conduction study in the diagnosis of subclinical diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Hasan Mahmoud M. , Shokry Abd E. , Mohamad Sara K. , El Ali F. 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the most challenging complications of diabetes mellitus. A large number of patients have subclinical neuropathy at the time of detection of diabetes. Proper detection of subclinical diabetic neuropathy is important to prevent more complications. When the symptoms start, there are not many effective therapeutic treatments. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) are known to be sensitive, reliable, noninvasive, and easy to perform to study diabetic neuropathy. Study of the medial plantar and sural nerves can test the most distal parts of the nerves and can be considered an alternative method for the diagnosis of polyneuropathy in the early stages. The aim of this work is to study the utility of both medial plantar and sural nerve conduction in the early diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy.

Patients and methods
Twenty diabetic asymptomatic patients and 20 healthy volunteers of both sexes were included. Their ages ranged between 26 and 44 years and 24 and 46 years, respectively. NCS of the medial plantar and sural nerves for all the patients and control groups is performed using the antidromic method of stimulation for sural nerve and orthodromic stimulation for the medial plantar nerve.

Results
There were significant changes in the sensory study of both medial plantar and sural nerves of neurologically asymptomatic diabetic patients compared with the control.

Conclusion
NCS of both medial plantar and sural nerves aids in the detection of subclinical diabetic polyneuropathy.
Comorbidity in a sample of Egyptian patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Elsheshiny Ahmed H. , Rashad Mohamed H. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Comorbidities are commonly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Not only do they delay the diagnosis of MS but also deteriorate the quality of life, progress the disease, and perhaps increase health care costs. This study was performed to assess the prevalence of comorbidities in Egyptian patients with MS and to evaluate its effect on the cognitive function, disability, and disease relapse.

Patients and methods
All patients were subjected to clinical assessment and cognitive evaluation using the mini-mental state examination and the symbol digit modalities test. The relapse was assessed using the Assessing Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis questionnaire.

Results
The current study included 420 participants. Of them, 310 patients had MS, whereas 110 did not have MS (control group). The most common comorbidities among patients with MS were depression, in 71 (22.9%); anxiety, in 68 (21.9%); and hypertension, in 59 (19.0%). Patients with MS with comorbidities experienced a statistically significant (P<0.001) lower mean of mini-mental state examination (26.61±1.88) and symbol digit modalities test (37.44±9.65), in contrast with those without comorbidity. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding comorbidity count (P=0.507) and individual comorbidities (P>0.05).

Conclusion
Egyptian patients with MS and comorbidities were more vulnerable to develop cognitive dysfunction and disability, relative to those without. However, the negative effect of comorbidities on disease relapse was not established. Employment of such knowledge in MS treatment protocols might reflect considerably on the quality of life and disease outcomes.
T-helper and natural killer cells’ disturbance in active alopecia areata
Authors: Younes Abdel-Khalek H. , Hammad Refaat R. , Othman Mona H.A. , Sobhy Ali 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common nonscarring hair disease targeting the hair follicles during the anagen phase, leading to hair loss. The etiology of AA is still unclear; however, evidence revealed the association of this disease with immune disturbance. Therefore, we aimed in this study to evaluate the level of natural killer (NK) and T-helper 1 (Th1) cells in the peripheral circulation of patients with different subtypes of AA during the active stage in comparison with the controls.

Patients and methods
Venous blood samples from 50 female patients and 50 healthy-controls were collected to evaluate the level of Th1 and NK cells using flow cytometry.

Results
Patients with active patchy AA, alopecia totalis, and alopecia universalis were associated with a lower level of circulating Th1 and NK cells when compared with the controls.

Conclusion
The observed reduction in the circulating Th1 and NK cells indicates the autoimmune nature of the disease. Also, we highlight the cellular shift from the peripheral circulation to the lesion site during the active stage; however, more research is required to reveal the exact mechanism for this phenomenon.
Comparing the effect of gonadotropin versus letrozole for induction of ovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome with clomiphene citrate failure
Authors: Ali Ahmed I.A. , Ahmed Abd El-Azeem M. , Elboghdady Adel A. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathy affecting women during the childbearing period, with incidences of between 8 and 13%. PCOS is the main cause of anovulatory infertility with a prevalence of 20% in infertile women. We aimed to compare the ovulation induction effect of letrozole versus gonadotropins in patients with PCOS after clomiphene citrate (CC) failure.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective comparative study held in the El Hussien University Hospital, Al-Azhar University; throughout the duration of 12 months from January 2020 to January 2021. In all, 100 women were enrolled in the study diagnosed with PCOS with an ovulatory infertility and after CC failure, patients were allocated into two groups in a ratio of 1 : 1. The first group included 50 patients and received (letrozole 2.5 mg tablet) twice daily.

Results
There was higher incidence of confirmed ovulation in the gonadotropin group (62%) compared with the letrozole group (58%) with no significance. It also showed a higher incidence of confirmed pregnancy in the gonadotropin group (34%) compared with the letrozole group (30%), but that difference was statistically nonsignificant. The results showed a shorter duration till the day of trigger in the letrozole group (13.48) compared with the gonadotropin group (14.55), the difference was significant. Endometrial thickness on day of trigger was higher in the gonadotropin group (11.3) compared with the letrozole group (10.9) with no significance.

Conclusion
In patients who failed to conceive with CC, gonadotropins have higher pregnancy rates for ovulation induction than letrozole with an insignificant statistical difference.
IJCM_14A: Contraceptive use and its determinents among women in field practice area of rural health and training center of tertiary care hospital -a Cross-Sectional study
Authors: Krishnarao Jumale Shital , Chavan Bharat B. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
In reproductive health services contraceptive prevalence rate serves as a proxy measure and is an indicator of health, population, development, and women’s empowerment which is essential for meeting many of Sustainable Development Goals, especially child mortality and maternal related goals. There is increase the use of contraceptive methods in rural area which is influenced by various factors.

Objectives:
1) To estimate the prevalence of use of contraception among reproductive age women in rural area 2) To examine the determinants of contraceptive used of reproductive age women.

Methodology:
This is community based cross sectional study among reproductive age women in field practice area of rural health training center. The sample size was calculated as 208 using 67 percentage prevalence of contraceptive prevalence rate according to NFHS 5 data at 95% confidence interval and 6% error. The study were conducted using prevalidated and pretested questionnaire on sociodemographic variables. The data was analysed using SPSS trial version. Univariate analysis is done and binary logistic regression is applied p value

Results:
The prevalence of contraceptive use was 73.1%. Most commonly used methods among study participant was condom followed by intra uterine device and oral contraceptive pills. In the adjusted analysis of binary logistic regression, contraceptives use was significantly lower (OR=0.21,95%CI=0.07-0.26, P=0.001) upon respondent age 36-49years compaired to those aged 15-35 years. Contraceptive use was significantly lower among migrants (OR=0.34;95%CI=0.13-0.48; p=0.03) compared with non-migrant.

Conclusion:
The contraceptive prevalence was found to be higher in this study population and multiple factors were influencing the contraception use. In addition, family planning programs should target migrants to increase use of contraception in rural areas.
IJCM_171A: A community-based study on awareness of organ donation among in Arang block of Raipur district Chhattisgarh.
Authors: Jacob Sewa Vibhuti , Verma Nirmal , Jain Kamlesh , Jaiswal Prashant 
Published: April 2024

Background:
For many of the end-stage organ diseases, organ transplantation is the most preferred treatment. The need for the organ transplantation is higher than the availability. For the transplantation program to be successful, awareness regarding organ donation is needed and people must have a positive attitude toward donating organs.

Objective:
To determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding organ donation in Arang block of Raipur district Chhattisgarh.

Methodology:
Community based cross-sectional study used in this study. Simple random sampling was used to generate a sample of 100 in Arang block of Raipur district. Face to Face interview was conducted based on a semi structured questionnaire in Arang block of Raipur district. Data was taken from MS Excel sheet and analysed.

Results:
The majority of the study participants belongs to 44.9 year average mean with 15.4 Standard deviation. 65% of respondents were male and 35% were female. The study shows that 64% of respondents studied high school or above. Per capita income of 40% belong to Lower class 5. Majority of respondents have good knowledge and 75% have positive attitude for organ donation.

Conclusion:
The present study concluded there was good knowledge among the community participants. However, there questionnaire were kept distinct keeping in mind to their level of knowledge. Attitude variable didn’t have much disparity.
IJCM_248A: Visual health related to quality of life and visual acuity in cataract patients advised for surgery: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Jain Animesh , Rao M Archana , Bhat M Shashank , Soumya  , Shrigiri  , Shalaka R , Anubha A J 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Vision plays a pivotal role in daily activities, and its impairment, often caused by cataracts, significantly impacts the quality of life. Cataracts, characterized by cloudiness or opacity in the eye lens, contribute significantly to visual impairment, especially in individuals over 60 years. The prevalence of cataract-induced blindness in India is alarmingly high, with 80.1% of blindness and 58% of senile cataract cases attributed to this condition.

Objectives:
To assess the impact of cataract surgery on the visual health- related quality of life (VHRQoL) among patients.

Methodologyology:
This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Government Wenlock Hospital and KMC Mangalore Attavar, hospitals affiliated to Kasturba Medical college, Mangalore. The study included cataract patients, both preoperative and postoperative, excluding those with other eye-related disorders. Non-probability (purposive) sampling was employed, determining a sample size of 60 based on a 95% confidence level and 62% prevalence of cataract.

Results:
Patients undergoing cataract surgery exhibited notable improvements in general vision, ocular pain, mental health, and near activities. Enhanced role performance, social life, and reduced dependency were observed. Post-operative visual acuity improved, especially for pre-operative values below 6/18. VFQ-J11 revealed significant associations in 4 out of 7 domains, surpassing VFQ-25 (2 out of 12), making VFQ-J11 a preferred tool for assessing pre- operative and post-operative patients.

Conclusion:
The cataract surgery leads to an overall enhancement in the quality of life for the majority of patients, with a moderate correlation between VHRQoL improvement and visual acuity.
IJCM_27A: To assess consumption of IFA in adolescent girls and pregnant women in selected health blocks of Himachal Pradesh.
Authors: Chauhan Paras , Gandhi Manoj Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Background:
In India, anaemia is the most widespread nutritional deficiency disorder occurring primarily due to iron deficiency. Despite implementation of the Weekly Iron & Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) Programme under NRHM since 2013, the prevalence of anaemia is high among adolescents and pregnant women (PW)

Objectives:
To assess consumption of IFA in adolescent school going girls and pregnant women in selected health blocks of Himachal Pradesh.

Methodology:
It was a community-based study which was a part of project under WCD department of H.P. PW and school going adolescent girls of age 10-19 years from 9 Community development blocks were selected randomly using PPS. IFA consumption in last one year among adolescent girls and last 1 month among pregnant women was assessed by interviewing them.

Results:
Total participants among PW were 180 with mean age of 26.3±4.13, whereas 720 adolescents with mean age of 15.82±1.19 were enrolled in the study. Out of 180 PWs, 160(88.8%) received IFA where majority (156;97%) of them consumed IFA distributed by ASHA worker. On the other hand, majority of adolescent girls (484/720;67%) did not receive IFA, 196/236 (83%) who received IFA was distributed by ASHAs. Mean Hb level of PW was 11.7±1.47 whereas for adolescents was 12.73±4.85.

Conclusion:
It was observed that most of the pregnant women are utilizing government services, however the services are not being utilized by the school going adolescent girls as WIFS are not provided regularly.