bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe lateral tibial bowing with short stature in two siblings—A provisionally novel syndrome
Authors: Zitano Lia , Loder Randall T. , Cohen Mervyn D. , Weaver David D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this report, we describe two siblings with short stature and severe lateral tibial bowing. In the younger sibling, the bowing was bilateral, while in the older sib, it was unilateral. However, both showed bilateral abnormalities of the distal tibial epiphyses and growth plates. Pseudoarthrosis of the left distal tibial metaphysis and subsequent spontaneous resolution of the abnormality occurred in the younger sibling. The fibulas of both children were of normal diameter and were straight, except for the distal ends. Surgery has almost completely corrected the lower leg bowing in both patients. The type of tibial bowing seen in these children can be associated with a number of syndromes, such as neurofibromatosis type I, Weismann–Netter syndrome, and a variety of environmental caused disorders, such as vitamin D deficient rickets. However, the severity of the bowing present in our patients and the absence of other clinical features differentiates this condition from those reported in the literature. We posit that the condition in the children presented here represents an as yet undescribed syndrome, which is likely to be of genetic origin. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Semidry synthesis of the poly(acrylic acid)/palygorskite superabsorbent with high‐percentage clay via a freeze–thaw–extrusion process
Authors: Chen Jing , Ding Shijie , Jin Yeling , Wu Jie 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA problem with the synthesis of polymer/clay composites is the poor compatibility between clay and polymers; this is particularly bad for those with a high percentage of clay. In response, we introduced a freeze–thaw–extrusion process before polymerization to make the best use of the high activation ability of acrylic acid (the monomer) and the exceptional hydration of palygorskite (clay). This processing was powerful for facilitating clay dispersed into the nanoscale and for obtaining good compatibility with the polymer, even for those polymers with high clay contents. The experiment showed that the quality of the consequent superabsorbent was improved significantly. As the dispersion was worked out perfectly by the freeze–thaw–extrusion process, we further explored the effect of the system water content on the water absorptivity of the consequent composite. With synthesis by the improved system, the water absorbency still amounted to 98.2 g/g in a 0.9 wt % NaCl solution for the composite with 35 wt % clay, whereas the water content (55 wt %) was much less than that of general synthesis (ca. 95 wt %). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the composite had a rich pore structure in the range of several hundred nanometers, and the palygorskite was distributed perfectly in the composite on the nanoscale. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy gave further direct evidence for the reaction between the clay and polymer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Novel benzoxazine resins as photoinitiator comprising benzophenone and coinitiator amine for photopolymerization
Authors: Bai Jing , Shi Zixing 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA novel kind of benzoxazine precursors made of 4‐dihydroxybenzophenone (DHBP), formaldehyde and N, N′‐diethylethylenediamine was developed. The striking feature of this class of precursors is that it can be acted as an effective photo initiator for polymerization of acrylate monomers. In addition, this kind of precursors could be directly dispersed in water and its aqueous solution exhibited very sharp response to temperature, with a well‐defined cloud point. The structure of this precursor has been confirmed by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H‐NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and its curing behaviors are investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The photopolymerization of acylate monomers, initiated by this precursor, was studied through photo‐DSC. The results show that this precursor is dramatically more efficient than benzophenone (BP), in which the polymerization rate is almost four times as high as that of the BP system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Absorption characterization of Ca2+, Na+, and K+ on irradiation crosslinked carboxymethyl sago pulp hydrogel
Authors: Pushpamalar Vengidesh , Langford Steven James , Ahmad Mansor , Hashim Kamaruddin , Lim Yau Yan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHydrogel of carboxymethyl sago pulp (CMSP) of various degree of substitution (DS) was prepared by electron beam irradiation of various radiation doses. The CMSP hydrogels were subjected to swelling in different ionic strength solutions of KCl, NaCl, and CaCl2. The CMSP hydrogels, due to its polyelectrolyte nature, were found to be highly sensitive to ionic strength of the medium. All the CMSP hydrogels showed the absorption of K+ and Ca2+ increases with the increase in the concentrations of the respective cation solutions. The cation absorption also decreases with DS and % gel fraction (%GF) of the CMSP hydrogels. Subjecting the CMSP hydrogels in NaCl results in deswelling and releases Na+ to swelling medium where the Na+ release increases with the increase of DS and %GF. The sorption capacity depends on the extent of crosslinking and decreases with the increase in the extent of crosslinking. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and characterization of molybdenum‐modified polycarbosilane for SiC(Mo) ceramics
Authors: Xie Zhengfang , Niu Jiaxin , Chen Zhaohui 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA novel molybdenum‐containing polycarbosilane, polymolybdenocarbosilane (PMoCS), for SiC(Mo) fiber has been synthesized from polysilacarbosilane (PSCS) and MoCl5 as raw materials. The synthesis conditions is investigated. Characterization performed on the as‐synthesized PMoCS includes Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT IR), gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 1H NMR, and 29Si NMR, respectively. The polymer‐to‐ceramic conversion is studied with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Preliminary research on the melt spinnability of PMoCS is carried out. The results show that the synthesis reaction is temperature‐dependent. Mo exists mainly as SiMo bonds. The reaction mechanism is believed to involve HCl elimination between SiH and MoCl, and followed by the Kumada rearrangement. The ceramic yield of PMoCS, prepared with 10 wt % MoCl5, is approximately 78.5% at 1200°C in a N2 flow. The XRD results suggest that ceramics pyrolyzed in the range of 800–1000°C are all amorphous, while β‐SiC and β‐MoSi2 crystals are observed at 1200 and 1400°C, respectively. The conversion from β‐MoSi2 to α‐MoSi2 is almost completed at 1600°C. PMoCS is melt spinnable into flexible and uniform green fibers with the diameters about 13.4 μm to 12.2 μm. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Delay Approximation of Fractional Integrals
Authors: Machado J. A. Tenreiro 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper explores the calculation of fractional integrals by means of the time delay operator. The study starts by reviewing the memory properties of fractional operators and their relationship with time delay. Based on the time response of the Mittag‐Leffler function an approximation of fractional integrals consisting of time delayed samples is proposed. The tuning of the approximation is optimized by means of a genetic algorithm. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the new perspective and the limits of their application.
Was steuert das Pflanzenwachstum?
Authors: Koerner Christian 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDie Photosynthese ist zwar ein unerlässlicher Prozess, ohne den keine Pflanze wachsen kann, sie ist aber nur selten der limitierende Faktor für das Pflanzenwachstum. Vielmehr beschränken Wasser‐ und Nährstoffmangel sowie niedrige Temperatur die zellulären Prozesse der Gewebebildung direkt und wesentlich ausgeprägter, weshalb die Rate der Gewebebildung in aller Regel bestimmt, wieviel Photosyntheseprodukte (Zucker) verwertet (und erzeugt) werden können.
Impact of lymphadenectomy on survival after surgery for sporadic gastrinoma
Authors: Bartsch D K , Waldmann J , Fendrich V , Boninsegna L , Lopez C L , Partelli S , Falconi M 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background
The study was undertaken to determine prognostic factors and the value of systematic lymphadenectomy on survival in sporadic gastrinoma.

Methods
Patients with sporadic gastrinoma who underwent initial surgery during a 21-year period in two tertiary referral centres were analysed retrospectively with respect to clinical characteristics, operative procedures and outcome.

Results
Forty-eight patients with a median age of 52 (range 22–73) years were analysed. Some 18 patients had pancreatic and 26 had duodenal gastrinomas, whereas the primary tumour remained unidentified in four patients. After a median postoperative follow-up of 83 (range 3–296) months, 20 patients had no evidence of disease, 13 patients were alive with disease, 11 patients had died from the disease and four had died from unrelated causes. In 41 patients who underwent potentially curative surgery, systematic lymphadenectomy with excision of more than ten lymph nodes resulted in a higher rate of biochemical cure after surgery than no or selective lymphadenectomy (13 of 13 versus 18 of 28 patients; P = 0·017), with a trend towards prolonged disease specific survival (P = 0·062) and disease-free survival (P = 0·120), and a reduced risk of death (0 of 13 versus 7 of 24 patients; P = 0·037). Negative prognostic factors for disease specific survival were pancreatic location (P = 0·029), tumour size equal to or larger than 25 mm (P = 0·003), Ki-67 index more than 5 per cent (P &lt; 0·001), preoperative gastrin level 3000 pg/ml or more (P = 0·003) and liver metastases (P &lt; 0·001). Sex, age, type of surgery and presence of lymph node metastases had no influence on disease free or disease specific survival.

Conclusion
In sporadic gastrinoma, systematic lymphadenectomy during initial surgery may reduce the risk of persistent disease and improve survival.
Role of patient-specific virtual reality rehearsal in carotid artery stenting
Authors: Willaert W I M , Aggarwal R , Van Herzeele I , Plessers M , Stroobant N , Nestel D , Cheshire N , Vermassen F 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background
Recent advances in simulation science permit patient-specific rehearsal of endovascular stenting procedures. This study aimed to evaluate how effectively real interventions are replicated by patient-specific rehearsal technology, and to assess its value as a preparatory tool for the interventionalist and the operating team.

Methods
All patients deemed candidates for carotid artery stenting procedures with suitable computed tomography images were enrolled. Each team member rehearsed the virtual procedure in the laboratory, simulated operating theatre or angiography suite environment immediately before treating the real patient. Dexterity and qualitative metrics were recorded. Subjective questionnaires used a Likert scale from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent).

Results
Of 18 patients, three were excluded. In 11 of 15 and 13 of 15 patients respectively endovascular tool use and fluoroscopy angles were identical during rehearsal and the real procedure. In a third of patients, the simulator did not adequately predict difficulties in cannulating the stenotic internal or common carotid arteries. The procedure realism, value in evaluating the case, increase in efficiency in tool use, and potential to increase communication, confidence and team performance were all rated highly (4 of 5).

Conclusion
Patient-specific rehearsal was rated highly for both face and content validity. Access strategy, endovascular material use and angiographic imaging were all replicated effectively, although certain biomechanical vessel properties seemed to be replicated to a lesser degree. Patient-specific rehearsal constitutes a unique tool that may help tailor endovascular material choice, and optimize the preoperative preparation of the interventionalist and team.
Synthesis of trans‐Disubstituted Alkenes by Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Terminal Alkynes with Activated Alkenes
Authors: Mannathan Subramaniyan , Cheng Chien‐Hong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA cobalt‐catalyzed reductive coupling of terminal alkynes, RCCH, with activated alkenes, R′CHCH2, in the presence of zinc and water to give functionalized trans‐disubstituted alkenes, RCHCHCH2CH2R′, is described. A variety of aromatic terminal alkynes underwent reductive coupling with activated alkenes including enones, acrylates, acrylonitrile, and vinyl sulfones in the presence of a CoCl2/P(OMe)3/Zn catalyst system to afford 1,2‐trans‐disubstituted alkenes with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity. Similarly, aliphatic terminal alkynes also efficiently participated in the coupling reaction with acrylates, enones, and vinyl sulfone, in the presence of the CoCl2/P(OPh)3/Zn system providing a mixture of 1,2‐trans‐ and 1,1‐disubstituted functionalized terminal alkene products in high yields. The scope of the reaction was also extended by the coupling of 1,3‐enynes and acetylene gas with alkenes. Furthermore, a phosphine‐free cobalt‐catalyzed reductive coupling of terminal alkynes with enones, affording 1,2‐trans‐disubstituted alkenes as the major products in a high regioisomeric ratio, is demonstrated. In the reactions, less expensive and air‐stable cobalt complexes, a mild reducing agent (Zn) and a simple hydrogen source (water) were used. A possible reaction mechanism involving a cobaltacyclopentene as the key intermediate is proposed.
An Isoreticular Family of Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on Zinc and 2‐Substituted Imidazolate‐4‐amide‐5‐imidate: Syntheses, Structures and Properties
Authors: Debatin Franziska , Behrens Karsten , Weber Jens , Baburin Igor A. , Thomas Arne , Schmidt Johannes , Senkovska Irena , Kaskel Stefan , Kelling Alexandra , Hedin Niklas , Bacsik Zoltan , Leoni Stefano , Seifert Gotthard , Jäger Christian , Günter Christina , Schilde Uwe , Friedrich Alwin , Holdt Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe report on a new series of isoreticular frameworks based on zinc and 2‐substituted imidazolate‐4‐amide‐5‐imidate (IFP‐1–4, IFP=imidazolate framework Potsdam) that form one‐dimensional, microporous hexagonal channels. Varying R in the 2‐substitued linker (R=Me (IFP‐1), Cl (IFP‐2), Br (IFP‐3), Et (IFP‐4)) allowed the channel diameter (4.0–1.7 Å), the polarisability and functionality of the channel walls to be tuned. Frameworks IFP‐2, IFP‐3 and IFP‐4 are isostructural to previously reported IFP‐1. The structures of IFP‐2 and IFP‐3 were solved by X‐ray crystallographic analyses. The structure of IFP‐4 was determined by a combination of PXRD and structure modelling and was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and 1H MAS and 13C CP‐MAS NMR spectroscopy. All IFPs showed high thermal stability (345–400 °C); IFP‐1 and IFP‐4 were stable in boiling water for 7 d. A detailed porosity analysis was performed on the basis of adsorption measurements by using various gases. The potential of the materials to undergo specific interactions with CO2 was investigated by measuring the isosteric heats of adsorption. The capacity to adsorb CH4 (at 298 K), CO2 (at 298 K) and H2 (at 77 K) at high pressure were also investigated. In situ IR spectroscopy showed that CO2 is physisorbed on IFP‐1–4 under dry conditions and that both CO2 and H2O are physisorbed on IFP‐1 under moist conditions.
Formal Synthesis of Dictyostatin and Synthesis of Two Dictyostatin Analogues
Authors: Gallon Julien , Esteban Jorge , Bouzbouz Samir , Campbell Matthew , Reymond Sébastien , Cossy Janine 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA formal convergent synthesis of dictyostatin from (R)‐Roche ester is described. Synthetic highlights include a Ni‐catalyzed Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi coupling between an aldehyde and a Z vinyl iodide to assemble the two main fragments, a diastereoselective Myers alkylation, a stereoselective Evans aldolization, two asymmetric Duthaler crotyltitanations, and a stereoselective Pd‐catalyzed Marshall allenylindium addition to install the stereogenic centers of dictyostatin. The synthesis of (9R)‐epi‐dictyostatin and a new ring‐contracted dictyostatin isomer were also achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: The Fluorite Related Modulated Structures of the Gd2(Zr2‐xCex)O7 Solid Solution: An Analogue for Pu Disposition.
Authors: Reid D. P. , Stennett M. C. , Hyatt N. C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe fluorite‐related structures of the Gd2(Zr2‐xCex)O7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) solid solution, of interest as a model system for ceramic disposition of Pu (with Ce as a Pu surrogate), are determined by XRD, XANES, TEM, and EELS.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Strontium and Copper Doped Lanthanum Ferrites.
Authors: Sora Isabella Natali , Caronna Tullio , Fontana Francesca , Fernandez Cesar de Julian , Caneschi Andrea , Green Mark 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe crystallographic and magnetic structures of La0.8Sr0.2Fe1‐xCuxO3‐w (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.20) are determined by neutron powder diffraction at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: The Elusive Tetrasulfate Anion [S4O13]2‐.
Authors: Logemann Christian , Kluener Thorsten , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract(NO2)2[S4O13], the first tetrasulfate reported so far, is synthesized by reaction of N2O5 with a large excess of SO3 (80 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Sr7Ge6, Ba7Ge6 and Ba3Sn2 — Three New Binary Compounds Containing Dumbbells and Four‐Membered Chains of Tetrel Atoms with Considerable Ge—Ge π‐Bonding Character.
Authors: Siggelkow Lisa , Hlukhyy Viktor , Faessler Thomas F. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by arc‐melting of the elements followed by annealing in welded Ta ampules (700—800 °C, 7—14 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Mn2O3 Homogeneous Core/Hollow‐Shell Structures with Excellent Adsorption Performance.
Authors: Cao Jie , Mao Qinghe , Qian Yitai 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMn2O3 homogeneous core/hollow‐shell structures with cube‐shaped and dumbbell‐shaped morphologies are synthesized in high yields from MnCO3 microcubes (obtained from H2O/EtOH solutions of MnSO4, NaHCO3, and (NH4)2SO4, 50 °C, 7 h) or MnCO3 dumbbells (obtained from aqueous solutions of MnCl2, C6H5Na3O7, and NH3, autoclave,160 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Development of Bioinspired Guanine‐Based Organic Catalyst for Asymmetric Catalysis.
Authors: Suez Gal , Bloch Victoria , Nisnevich Gennady , Gandelman Mark 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA series of 13 guanine‐based chiral catalysts is prepared and tested in the enantioselective Michael addition reaction of malonate (II) to nitrostyrene.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient System for the α‐Bromination of a β‐Ketoester by Using N‐Bromosuccinimide in the Presence of Silica‐Supported NaHCO3 as the Heterogeneous Catalyst: An Environmentally Benevolent Approach.
Authors: Rahman Ateeq , Jonnalagadda S. B. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSilica‐supported NaHCO3 catalyzes the α‐bromination of carbonyl compounds bearing enolizable α‐positions, e.g. (I), (III) and (V), as well as toluene (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Mn‐Promoted Aerobic Oxidative C—C Bond Cleavage of Aldehydes with Dioxygen Activation: A Simple Synthetic Approach to Formamides.
Authors: Zhang Chun , Xu Zejun , Shen Tao , Wu Guolin , Zhang Liangren , Jiao Ning 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMutagenic active molecules (XIII) and (XV) and the antimalarial active compound (XVII) are easily synthesized under neutral conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium‐Catalyzed Hydroboration of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Arrowsmith Merle , Hadlington Terrance J. , Hill Michael S. , Kociok‐Koehn Gabriele 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn easily prepared and inexpensive heteroleptic magnesium alkyl complex is presented as an efficient catalyst for the hydroboration of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and ketones under mild conditions and at low catalyst loadings.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Thiolate Complexes: Efficient Catalysts for Coupling Alkenyl Halides with Alkyl Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Cahiez Gerard , Gager Olivier , Buendia Julien , Patinote Cindy 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe reaction proceeds highly chemo‐ and stereoselective and the yields are slightly better than those obtained with Fe(acac)3.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Monofluorinated Cyclopropanes from Electron‐Deficient Alkenes.
Authors: Ivashkin Pavel , Couve‐Bonnaire Samuel , Jubault Philippe , Pannecoucke Xavier 
Published: August 2012

AbstractZinc activation (with TmsCl/DMSO in THF) prior to use is a crucial step for the cyclopropanation.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Heterohalogenation of 4‐Halo‐anisoles via a Series of Sequential ortho‐Aluminations and Electrophilic Halogenations.
Authors: Conway Ben , Crosbie Elaine , Kennedy Alan R. , Mulvey Robert E. , Robertson Stuart D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe ortho‐alumination of 4‐bromoanisole (I) followed by an electrophilic iodination leads to 2‐iodo‐4‐bromoanisole (II), which is transformed into desired 2‐iodo‐4‐bromo‐6‐chloroanisole (III) by a second ortho‐alumination and a chlorination.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinyl Polymerization versus [1,3] O to C Rearrangements in the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Reactions of Vinyl Ethers with Hydrosilanes.
Authors: Harada Nari‐aki , Nishikata Takashi , Nagashima Hideo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBenzyl vinyl ethers, where the carbocationic species is stabilized by adjacent electron‐rich aromatic groups, induce the [1,3] O to C rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxo/Imido Heterometathesis Between N‐Sulfinylamines and Ketones Catalyzed by a Silica‐Supported Molybdenum Imido Complex.
Authors: Zhizhko Pavel A. , Zhizhin Anton A. , Zarubin Dmitry N. , Ustynyuk Nikolai A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGrafting the known molybdenum complex (Ph‐CMe2‐CH2)2Mo(=N‐Mst)2 onto the surface of silica dramatically enhances its catalytic activity in the title heterometathesis reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Approach to Pure Entacapone and Related Compounds.
Authors: Srikanth G. , Ray Uttam Kumar , Rao D. V. N. Srinivas , Gupta P. Badarinadh , Lavanya P. , Islam Aminul 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA new and efficient route for the synthesis of pure entacapone (V), a known catechol‐O‐methyl transferase inhibitor, through new intermediate (III) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Heck‐Type Alkenylation of Secondary and Tertiary α‐Carbonyl Alkyl Bromides.
Authors: Liu Chao , Tang Shan , Liu Dong , Yuan Jiwen , Zheng Liwei , Meng Lingkui , Lei Aiwen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFor the first time the title reaction is described under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of a Novel 1,3‐Diol with a Benzyl Backbone as Chiral Ligand for Asymmetric Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides.
Authors: Gogoi Paramartha , Kotipalli Trimurthulu , Indukuri Kiran , Bondalapati Somasekhar , Saha Pipas , Saikia Anil K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe method allows the oxidation of prochiral sulfides using a titanium peroxo complex, generated in situ, as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 1,4‐Phenylenedithioureas under Solvent‐ and Catalyst‐Free Conditions Promoted by Microwave Irridiation.
Authors: Zhang Li‐Ping , Shang Xiao‐Bo , Wu Qing‐Fen , Zhang Yang , Li Jian‐Ping 
Published: August 2012

Abstract1,4‐Phenylene diisothiocyanate reacts with aromatic amines in a nucleophilic addition reaction under solvent‐ and catalyst‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Effective Activation of Aryl Chlorides for Suzuki Coupling in Aqueous Media Using a Ferrocene‐Based Pd(II)—Diimine Catalyst.
Authors: Hanhan Murat Emre , Martinez‐Manez Ramon , Ros‐Lis Jose Vicente 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA small amount of the air‐stable catalyst is sufficient enough for the coupling of unactivated chloride substrates.