bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of β-xylosidase productivity in cellulase producing fungus Acremonium cellulolyticus
Authors: Kanna Machi , Yano Shinichi , Inoue Hiroyuki , Fujii Tatsuya , Sawayama Shigeki 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the most important processes in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Acremonium cellulolyticus is a filamentous fungus with high cellulase production but productivity of hemicellulase, especially β-xylosidase, is lower than other filamentous fungi. We identified 2.4 Kb β-xylosidase gene in the A. cellulolyticus genome sequence information and it encoded 798 amino acids without introns. To enhance hemicellulase productivity in A. cellulolyticus, we transformed this fungus with the identified β-xylosidase gene driven by the cellobiohydrolase Ι (cbh1) promoter, using the protoplast-polyethyleneglycol (PEG) method, and obtained a transformant, YKX1. Hydrolysis rate of xylooligosaccharides was more than 50-fold higher using culture supernatant from YKX1 than that from the parental strain, Y-94. Total cellulase activity (measured by filter paper assay) in YKX1 was not affected by the cbh1 promoter used for expression of β-xylosidase, and induced by cellulose. Since YKX1 can produce larger amount of β-xylosidase without affecting cellulase productivity, it is considered to be beneficial for practical monosaccharide recoveries from lignocellulosic biomass.
Evaluation of the Bcl-2 family antagonist ABT-737 in collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Lawlor Kate E , Smith Scott D , van Nieuwenhuijze Annemarie , Huang David C S , Wicks Ian P 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTTherapeutic manipulation of cellular apoptosis holds great promise for malignant and potentially nonmalignant diseases. A relative resistance to apoptosis in RA synovium is associated with increased expression of prosurvival Bcl-2 family members. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of DBA/1 mice, prior to the onset of CIA with ABT-737, a BH3 mimetic targeting Bcl-2, Bcl-w, and Bcl-xL, ameliorated disease development. In contrast, treatment of mice with ABT-737 in established CIA did not alter the course of disease. ABT-737 induced lymphopenia, however pathogenic lymphoid populations in CIA mice were less affected, as shown by relatively normal T and B cell responses to CII. Naïve lymphocytes were highly sensitive to apoptosis after culture with ABT-737, but synovial macrophages and neutrophils were not. Mcl-1 was detected in synovial monocyte/macrophages and neutrophils and strikingly, its expression, rather than Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, increased in the affected paws and lymphoid organs of mice with CIA. These observations implicate Mcl-1, which is not targeted by ABT-737, in the survival of inflammatory cells in established CIA and suggest that antagonism of Mcl-1 may be more effective in diseases such as RA.
Genetic activation of Nrf2 signaling is sufficient to ameliorate neurodegenerative phenotypes in aDrosophilamodel of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Barone Maria Cecilia , Sykiotis Gerasimos P. , Bohmann Dirk 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. Oxidative stress has been associated with the etiology of both sporadic and monogenic forms of PD. The transcription factor Nrf2, a conserved global regulator of cellular antioxidant responses, has been implicated in neuroprotection against PD pathology. However, direct evidence that upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway is sufficient to confer neuroprotection in genetic models of PD is lacking. Expression of the PD-linked gene encoding α-synuclein in dopaminergic neurons of Drosophila results in decreased locomotor activity and selective neuron loss in a progressive age-dependent manner, providing a genetically accessible model of PD. Here we show that upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway by overexpressing Nrf2 or its DNA-binding dimerization partner, Maf-S, restores the locomotor activity of α-synuclein-expressing flies. Similar benefits are observed upon RNA-interference-mediated downregulation of the prime Nrf2 inhibitor, Keap1, as well as in conditions of keap1 heterozygosity. Consistently, the α-synuclein-induced dopaminergic neuron loss is suppressed by Maf-S overexpression or keap1 heterozygosity. Our data validate the sustained upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway as a neuroprotective strategy against PD. This model provides a genetically accessible in vivo system in which to evaluate the potential of additional Nrf2 pathway components and regulators as therapeutic targets.
A high-sugar diet produces obesity and insulin resistance in wild-typeDrosophila
Authors: Palanker Musselman Laura , Fink Jill L. , Narzinski Kirk , Ramachandran Prasanna Venkatesh , Sukumar Hathiramani Sumitha , Cagan Ross L. , Baranski Thomas J. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYInsulin-resistant, ‘type 2’ diabetes (T2D) results from a complex interplay between genes and environment. In particular, both caloric excess and obesity are strongly associated with T2D across many genetic backgrounds. To gain insights into how dietary excess affects insulin resistance, we studied the simple model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Larvae reared on a high-sugar diet were hyperglycemic, insulin resistant and accumulated fat – hallmarks of T2D – compared with those reared on control diets. Excess dietary sugars, but not fats or proteins, elicited insulin-resistant phenotypes. Expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis and β-oxidation was upregulated in high-sugar-fed larvae, as were FOXO targets, consistent with known mechanisms of insulin resistance in humans. These data establish a novel Drosophila model of diet-induced insulin resistance that bears strong similarity to the pathophysiology of T2D in humans.
Immunoglobulin E deficiency: a forgotten clue pointing to possible immunodeficiency?
Authors: Unsworth David J , Virgo Paul F , Lock Robert J 
Published: July 2011

Background Patients with primary antibody deficiency often have delayed diagnosis. Very low IgE, found during investigations for allergy, may be a marker for other immunodeficiency. Methods We introduced a new laboratory policy of testing cases with very low IgE levels for possible linked antibody deficiency. The data represent an audit of routine results collected over two years. Results Very low IgE (≤2 IU/mL) was identified in 85/2622 (3.2%) routine patient samples. Two children and four adult patients were found to have one or more classes of immunoglobulin below the reference range for age. In 2/6, the initiative of the laboratory led to a new unsuspected diagnosis of antibody immunodeficiency. Conclusions Common variable immunodeficiency continues to be overlooked as a primary cause of lung disease in adults. Very low serum IgE should trigger appropriate investigation (immunoglobulin quantification and serum electrophoresis).
Group Buying: A New Mechanism for Selling Through Social Interactions
Authors: Jing Xiaoqing , Xie Jinhong 
Published: July 2011

This paper examines a unique selling strategy, Group Buying, under which consumers enjoy a discounted group price if they are willing and able to achieve a required group size and coordinate their transaction time. We argue that Group Buying allows a seller to gain from facilitating consumer social interaction, i.e., using a group discount to motivate informed customers to work as “sales agents” to acquire less-informed customers through interpersonal information/knowledge sharing. We formally model such an information-sharing effect and examine if and when Group Buying is more profitable than (1) traditional individual-selling strategies, and (2) another popular social interaction scheme, Referral Rewards programs. We show that Group Buying dominates traditional individual-selling strategies when the information/knowledge gap between expert and novice consumers is neither too high nor too low (e.g., for products in the midstage of their life cycle) and when interpersonal information sharing is very efficient (e.g., in cultures that emphasize trust and group conformity, or when implemented through existing online social networks). We also show that, unlike Referral Rewards programs, Group Buying requires information sharing before any transaction takes place, thereby increasing the scale of social interaction but also incurring a higher cost. As a result, Group Buying is optimal when interpersonal communication is very efficient or when the product valuation of the less-informed consumer segment is high. This paper was accepted by Preyas Desai, marketing.
Pooling, Access, and Countervailing Power in Channel Governance
Authors: Hendrikse George 
Published: July 2011

Fruit and vegetable marketing organization the Greenery has experienced various governance structure changes, like horizontal merger, forward integration, and the emergence of grower associations. A multilateral incomplete contracting model is presented to account for these changes by analysing the interactions between pooling, access, and countervailing power. This model does not only explain the changes at the Greenery, but it contributes also to the design of efficient channel governance. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta and Preyas Desai, special issue editors. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta and Preyas Desai, special issue editors.
Deriving the Pricing Power of Product Features by Mining Consumer Reviews
Authors: Archak Nikolay , Ghose Anindya , Ipeirotis Panagiotis G. 
Published: July 2011

Increasingly, user-generated product reviews serve as a valuable source of information for customers making product choices online. The existing literature typically incorporates the impact of product reviews on sales based on numeric variables representing the valence and volume of reviews. In this paper, we posit that the information embedded in product reviews cannot be captured by a single scalar value. Rather, we argue that product reviews are multifaceted, and hence the textual content of product reviews is an important determinant of consumers' choices, over and above the valence and volume of reviews. To demonstrate this, we use text mining to incorporate review text in a consumer choice model by decomposing textual reviews into segments describing different product features. We estimate our model based on a unique data set from Amazon containing sales data and consumer review data for two different groups of products (digital cameras and camcorders) over a 15-month period. We alleviate the problems of data sparsity and of omitted variables by providing two experimental techniques: clustering rare textual opinions based on pointwise mutual information and using externally imposed review semantics. This paper demonstrates how textual data can be used to learn consumers' relative preferences for different product features and also how text can be used for predictive modeling of future changes in sales. This paper was accepted by Ramayya Krishnan, information systems.
Connecting Employers With People Who Have Intellectual Disability
Authors: Luecking Richard G. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Longstanding advocacy for employment opportunity, recent legislative and policy developments, and advancements in employment service practice have contributed to an emerging notion of presumptive employability for individuals with disabilities. Unfortunately, low levels of employment remain the norm for people with disabilities, especially those with intellectual disability. Further, an examination of employer views of people with intellectual disability suggests that effective connections remain elusive between employers and employment service programs that support job seekers with intellectual disability. In this article employer perspectives are considered and case descriptions of effective connections of people with intellectual disability to employers are provided in order to meet demand-side operational needs. These perspectives have implications for elevating the effectiveness of employment service practice.
Jobs by 21 Partnership Project: Impact of Cross-System Collaboration on Employment Outcomes of Young Adults With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Winsor Jean E. , Butterworth John , Boone Jane 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn 2007, the low level of young adults with developmental disabilities who were employed in the 3 months postgraduation from high school led the Washington State legislature to authorize and fund the Jobs by 21 Partnership Project. The intent of the project was to identify and demonstrate best practices in sustainable partnerships among Washington State's school and adult service systems. Results indicated that participants in the project were more likely to be employed following school exit and had stronger employment outcomes than students who did not participate. Further, data suggest that improved employment outcomes were supported by the leveraging and maximization of financial and in-kind resources and the strengthening of collaborative relationships across project stakeholders.
Migration of a synclinal depocentre from turbidite growth strata: the Annot syncline, SE France
Authors: Salles Lise , Ford Mary , Joseph Philippe , Le Carlier De Veslud Christian , Le Solleuz Antoine 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Annot Sandstone turbidites of the Alpine foreland basin in SE France (Eocene-Oligocene: 40-32 Ma), provide an excellent case-study of tectono-sedimentary relations in a deepwater compressional system. The Annot outlier is a synclinal remnant previously interpreted as a static depocentre. A multi-disciplinary approach including geometrical and kinematic analyses and modelling demonstrates instead that this was a tectonically active turbidite depocentre where gentle thrust related folding controlled turbidite architecture.Stratigraphic and new structural field data are integrated with previous sedimentological studies to build a 3D geometric model of the Annot depocentre. Derived thickness maps associated with paleocurrent measurements clearly illustrate three main phases in the evolution of depocentre topography. (1) Early turbidite flows were mainly trapped by oblique intrabasinal inherited structures. (2) Once these structures were buried, the NNW-SSE active syncline constituted the main topographic control. (3) Decreasing activity of this syncline is recorded by filling and flow bypass. The progressive stages of the accepted depositional model (flow ponding, flow stripping and flow bypass), for the Annot depocentre, may therefore have a tectonic origin.The kinematic evolution of the synclinal depocentre was defined at different scales. Stratigraphic architecture records a decrease in bedding dips up through the turbidite succession on the western synclinal limb. Comparison with idealized case studies of the interaction of sedimentation with an active syncline indicates that this geometrical pattern corresponds to progressive westward migration of the synclinal hinge and depocentre. This tends to promote lateral rather than vertical stacking of sand bodies during turbidite sedimentation. Trishear kinematic modelling was used to simulate (in 2D) the rolling synclinal hinge. Stratigraphic surface geometries and turbidite depocentre migration define thrust and fold geometries at depth. The synclinal depocentre developed between two alternating or coeval fault propagation anticlines that exploited two detachment levels (Triassic evaporites and Cenomanian marls) in the underlying succession.
Upper Toarcian-Lower Bajocian (Jurassic) Hammatoceratoidea (Ammonitina) of the Betic Cordillera (southern Spain): biostratigraphy and zonal correlations
Authors: Sandoval José , Martínez Gemma , Ureta Soledad 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Betic hammatoceratoids from several sections of the Subbetic domain (Middle and External Subbetic) are here analysed from a biostratigraphic standpoint. Fifty-five hammatoceratoids “species” belonging to 17 genera occur throughout the Upper Toarcian-lowermost Bajocian interval. The best fossiliferous sections containing hammatoceratoids are located in the central and eastern sector of the Median Subbetic. In these areas grey marls and marly-limestone rhythmites are the predominant lithofacies from the Upper Toarcian to Lower Bajocian interval. Hammatoceratidae are the dominant hammatoceratoids during the Upper Toarcian, the Erycitidae are more common in the Lower Aalenian, and Zurcheriinae are especially abundant in the uppermost Aalenian-lowermost Bajocian.
Six ammonite biozones, which can be easily correlated with the standard ammonite zones, have been defined based on the stratigraphic ranges of these species. These biozones are : a) Geczyceras meneghinii Biozone, which is equivalent to the Meneghinii Zone (Levesquei Subzone p.p. and Pseudoradiosa Subzone) and Aalensis Zone (Mactra Subzone p.p.); b) Erycites barodiscus Biozone, which ranges throughout the Aalensis Zone (Mactra p.p., Aalensis and Buckmani Subzones) and the Opalinum Zone (Opalinum Subzone); c) Erycites fallifax Biozone, which can be correlated with the Comptum Subzone of the Opalinum Zone; d) Spinammatoceras tenax Biozone, which coincides with Murchisonae Zone-Bradfordensis Zone (Bradfordensis Subzone); e) Malladaites pertinax Biozone, which coincides roughly with Bradfordensis Zone (Gigantea Subzone)-Concavum Zone (lower part of the Concavum Subzone); f) Haplopleuroceras mundum Biozone, extending to the upper part of the Concavum Subzone to the lowermost Bajocian (Discites, p. p., Zone). Although some of the recorded hammatoceratoids are typical of the western Tethys, others (especially the genera Eudmetoceras and Euaptetoceras) are globally widespread. Consequently, the use of these taxa enables stratigraphic correlations, not only with the western Tethys, but also with other palaeogeographic areas such as the central Tethys, eastern Pacific and even the eastern Tethys.
Evaluation and comparison of outcomes in dogs with periarticular and nonperiarticular histiocytic sarcoma
Authors: Klahn Shawna L. , Kitchell Barbara E. , Dervisis Nikolaos G. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate and compare the outcomes of dogs with periarticular histiocytic sarcoma (PAHS) and histiocytic sarcoma of other anatomic locations (non-PAHS) and identify factors associated with outcome for dogs with PAHS.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—19 dogs with PAHS and 31 dogs with non-PAHS.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs with histiocytic sarcoma that underwent definitive local treatment (surgery or radiation), chemotherapy, or a combination of these were reviewed. Patient signalment, clinical signs, staging test results, clinicopathologic data, type of treatment, response, and outcome were collected, and potential risk factors in dogs with PAHS were identified and analyzed for an association with outcome.
Results—Dogs with PAHS lived significantly longer than did dogs with non-PAHS, with an overall median survival times of 391 (range, 48 to 980) and 128 (range, 14 to 918) days, respectively, despite the presence of suspected metastasis at diagnosis in 13 of 19 dogs with PAHS. Dogs with PAHS without evidence of metastasis at diagnosis lived significantly longer than did dogs with PAHS with evidence of metastasis, with median survival times of 980 (range, 83 to 980) and 253 (range, 48 to 441) days, respectively. Administration of prednisone in dogs with PAHS was associated with a significantly shorter time to tumor progression (TTP) and increased risk of tumor progression and death.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that dogs with PAHS may have a favorable outcome independent of metastatic status when treated with chemotherapy or aggressive multimodal treatment. The concurrent administration of prednisone may be a negative predictive factor for survival time and TTP in dogs with PAHS.
Splitting dynamics of a two-species Bose-Einstein condensate in two translating traps
Authors: Sun Bo , Pindzola Michael 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We extend our previous work of splitting a single-species Bose-Einstein condensate in two translating traps to a two-species condensate. Different from the single species case where interaction is considered as a damping mechanism to the motion of the condensate, we find that, in the two species case, the damping effect is much less obvious and the splitting dynamics exhibit different behaviors. The distribution of each component are not damped towards 50:50 for large interaction strength in the two wells. Our conclusions are supported by investigating the dependence of the splitting on both the translation speed and the interspecies scattering length.
Superficial mycoses in the Nis region, Southeast-Serbia
Authors: Otasevic Suzana , Đorđević Jovana , Ranđelović Gordana , Ignjatović Aleksandra , Stojanović Predrag , Zdravković Dragan , Marković Roberta 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the most frequent cause of superficial mycoses in patients from the territory of city Niš Southeast Serbia in the period from 1998 to 2010. A total of 3223 samples from 2887 patients with suspected dermatomycoses were examined. Superficial mycoses were diagnosed using standard microbiology techniques (conventional microscopy and cultivation). Dermatophytes were determined on the basis of their macroscopic and microscopic morphological and morphometric characteristics. Morphometric characteristics were obtained by Laboratory Universal Computer Image Analysis system (Lucia M, 1996). Species of genus Candida were identified using the test of production of germ tube in sera, by growth on comertial chromatogen medium (Chromotogenic Candida, Liofichem/Bacteriology products, Italy) and by using Auxacolor TMBioRad, France. The results were elaborated with the statistical method of descriptive and quantitative analysis (SPSS 14.0 for Windows 2003). The prevalence of superficial mycoses was 25,1%. Dermatophytes were identified in 67.6% of all positive cultures. Microsporum canis was the most prevalent (50.3%) dermatophyte isolated, followed by Trichophyton metagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (35.4%). Yeast genus Candida has become a more frequent cause of superficial fungal infection since 2001. and C. albicans was the dominant yeast (61.1%).
A Guide to Understanding Meta-analysis
Authors: Israel Heidi , Richter Randy R. 
Published: July 2011

Synopsis With the focus on evidence-based practice in healthcare, a well-conducted systematic review that includes a meta-analysis where indicated represents a high level of evidence for treatment effectiveness. The purpose of this commentary is to assist clinicians in understanding meta-analysis as a statistical tool using both published articles and explanations of components of the technique. We describe what meta-analysis is, what heterogeneity is, and how it affects meta-analysis, effect size, the modeling techniques of meta-analysis, and strengths and weaknesses of meta-analysis. Common components like forest plot interpretation, software that may be used, special cases for meta-analysis, such as subgroup analysis, individual patient data, and meta-regression, and a discussion of criticisms, are included. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(7):496–504. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3333