bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONCENTRATIONS OF SOME RIBONUCLEOTIDES, L‐LACTATE, AND PYRUVATE IN HUMAN SENILE CATARACTOUS LENSES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANTERIOR CAPSULAR/SUBCAPSULAR OPACITY
Authors: LAURSEN A. BRUUN 
Published: May 2009

The concentrations of some ribonucleoside tri‐ and diphosphates, adeno‐sine‐5′‐monophosphate, L‐lactate and pyruvate were determined in human senile cataractous lenses removed during cataract operations. Pyruvate concentrations were found to be negligible (median = 56 μmol/kg lens wet weight) in 15 human senile cataractous lenses.On the basis of correlations between the biomicroscopic appearances of the senile cataractous lenses (N = 80) and the concentrations and ratios of the metabolites in question, the following classification was found to be justified:

Immature cataractous lenses without anterior capsular/subcapsular opacity: high levels of ribonucleoside triphosphates (RTP), high sums of RTP, ribonucleoside diphosphates (RDP), and adenosine‐5′‐monophosphate (AMP) as well as high levels of L‐lactate and high ratios of L‐lactate in the lens/L‐lactate i n the aqueous.
Immature cataractous lenses with anterior capsular/subcapsular opacity: intermediate levels of RTP, intermediate values for the sums of RTP, RDP, and AMP, high L‐lactate levels, and intermediate values of the ratios of L‐lactate in the lens/L‐lactate in the aqueous.
Totally opaque lenses, which all had extensive anterior capsular/subcapsular opacity: low values for the concentrations of lens RTP, for the sums of RTP, RDP and AMP, and for lens L‐lactate. Low ratios of L‐lactate in the 1ens/L‐lactate in the aqueous.
THE CYCLOPENTOLATE PROVOCATIVE TEST IN SUSPECTED OR UNTREATED OPEN‐ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Authors: VALLE OLAVI 
Published: May 2009

The mydriasis provocative test with 1% cyclopentolate (CPT) was performed on 431 eyes with suspected or untreated open‐angle glaucoma. Tonography was performed both before and during CPT to study the changes in aqueous dynamics during the test. Statistical analysis of the results yielded the following mean trends and correlations at a highly significant level (P < 0.001) in the alterations:Intraocular pressure (IOP) rose (ΔP ± SD) (+1.4 ± 2.9 mmHg) and aqueous outflow facility decreased (ΔC) (‐10%) during CPT. The distribution of ΔP and ΔC did not follow the normal Gaussian distribution. The change in ΔP deviated from the Gaussian distribution in 5–10% of the eyes. The deviating values concur with those of the responder eyes in which IOP rose ≧8 mmHg during CPT. ΔP was linearly dependent on the initial IOP level Po and the absolute change was always almost constant, ˜ +1.4 mmHg. Both the total series and the responder eyes displayed the same trend for the change in aqueous outflow facility in relation to the initial C value (C0): low C0 values changed less on average and high C0 values changed more and diminished. It is not known why the ΔC change was different depending on the C0 value. The change in IOP correlated statistically highly significantly with the initial C value (C0). The lower the C0 value, the higher was the mean IOP elevation during CPT. In contrast, the change in aqueous outflow (ΔC) did not correlate (N. S.) with the initial IOP level (P0) before CPT.
OUTFLOW OF TEARS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON TEAR SECRETION AND BREAK UP TIME (B. U. T.)
Authors: NORN M. S. 
Published: May 2009

Schirmer's test shows that a retarded outflow of tears causes reduction of the tear secretion.The B. U. T. is independent of the outflow of tears in patients with epiphora (119 eyes with mechanical obstruction, functional obstruction, or normal passage).Mucomimetics prolong the B. U. T. and retard the outflow of tears, whereas ointments reduce both the B. U. T. and the outflow (74 eyes).The B. U. T. becomes reduced when tears are absorbed by filter paper in Schirmer's test, but remains uninfluenced by filter paper inserted in the fornix.The B. U. T. is a valuable clinical test. It is the resultant of many different factors (tear volume, mucus, fat, etc.).
VISUAL COMPLAINTS AND BINOCULAR FUNCTION IN BILATERALLY APHAKIC PERSONS WITH CATARACT GLASSES
Authors: HVIDBERG ANDERS , JENSEN MARY‐ANN 
Published: May 2009

Seventy‐one consecutive patients who underwent operation for senile cataract in both eyes during the period 1969–1973 were examined and questioned about visual complaints an average of 18 months after being fitted with cataract spectacles. In the distance situation none had complaints, either reported spontaneously or after questioning. Except for a few immobile patients, all could manage on their own in the street and on stairs.In the near situation 16 of the 71 patients had permanent alternating or intermittent exotropia which, however, gave rise to diplopic complaints in only two. The diplopia in these two patients disappeared after the glasses had been decentered. On questioning, complaints of diplopia could be elicited in another 5 patients.Investigation of sensory binocular function using Titmus' stereotest showed that 35 of the 71 patients could manage the test at the level 40“/arc. Division of the material into two groups by duration of monocular visual function during the development of the cataract and during the period between the operations on the two eyes, disclosed that this factor was of no importance to the postoperative motor and sensory binocular function.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL LENS CHANGES IN X‐RAY INDUCED CATARACT OF THE RAT
Authors: PALVA MARKKU , PALKAMA ARTO 
Published: May 2009

The effect of in vivo X‐irradiation on the ultrastructure of the rat lens was investigated by electron microscopy. The left eye of each animal was exposed to a single dose of 1500 r of X‐rays, while the other parts of the body were protected by a lead shield. The protected eye served as a control. Samples of the lenses were taken for electron microscopical examination at intervals of 3, 7, 30, 60, 90 and 180 days after the irradiation. The first ultrastructural changes induced by X‐rays were found after three days in the epithelial cells which became vacuolated. After seven days these cells showed marked oedema and after six months the whole epithelium was shrunken. The most prominent changes in the lens fibres were swelling and vacuolization. No alterations were noted in the lens capsule.The first visible opacities of the lens were found ninety days after irradiation under the posterior capsule and three months later the entire lens was totally opaque.
ALTITUDINAL FIELD DEFECTS AND RETINAL NERVE FIBRE DEGENERATION IN OPTIC NERVE LESIONS
Authors: ENOKSSON PAUL , JOHANSSON JAN‐OLOF 
Published: May 2009

Altitudinal visual field defects in five cases with optic nerve lesions due to optic glioma, compression, and trauma are correlated to retinal nerve fibre degeneration, recorded with ophthalmoscopy and photography in red‐free light. In one case the optic nerve was damaged at operation. Repeated fundus photography was used to record the evolution of descending optic atrophy.The results suggest that the findings in funduscopic examination of the retinal nerve fibre layer should be cautiously judged and the method cannot replace careful perimetry in cooperative patients.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE DEEP LAYER OF THE LENS CAPSULE IN FIBRILLOPATHIA EPITHELIOCAPSULARIS (FEC), SO‐CALLED SENILE EXFOLIATION OR PSEUDOEXFOLIATION A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: SELAND JOHAN H. 
Published: May 2009

The epithelial surface of the lens capsule and the capsular surface of the epithelium have been studied in six cataractous lenses from persons with fibrillopathia epitheliocapsularis (FEC) or so‐called senile exfoliation or pseudoexfoliation by scanning electron microscopy. Five of the lenses came from eyes with capsular glaucoma. Three senile cataractous lenses have been used as controls and two of the control lenses came from eyes with simple glaucoma.The investigation revealed round discoid plaques closely adherent to the capsule. The plaque surfaces had numerous smooth tentacle‐like projections and matching pits in the underlying epithelium. These plaques were only found in FEC lenses and corresponded both in size and location to the structure known as the deep or amorphous layer of the lens capsule. The findings indicate that the epithelial cells are the source of origin.
FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE IRIS
Authors: ALGVERE P. , KORNACKI B. 
Published: May 2009

Fluorescein angiography of the iris using filters that eliminated pseudo‐fluorescence was performed. In 10 of 40 non‐diabetic healthy eyes, a fine‐grained leakage of dye occurred from capillaries of the pupillary margin (PML).In 87 of 94 diabetic eyes with or without retinopathy a PML was present. The vascular changes of the iris were compared with those of the retina as disclosed by fundus fluorescein angiography. In 14 of 18 eyes without retinopathy PML was observed. In 25 of 28 eyes with non‐proliferative retinopathy there was a PML, 12 of those in addition showed extravasation to the iris stroma.All 48 eyes with proliferative retinopathy showed PML. In addition, 19 of these had extravasation to the iris stroma and 26 iris neovascularization. When iris neovascularization is present, large fibrovascular proliferations are usually found in the vitreous space, often associated with recurrent vitreous haemorrhages or retinal detachment.Iris angiograhy yields valuable information on the vitreo‐retinal diabetic sequelae and is useful for selection of such eyes for vitrectomy.
RETINAL DAMAGE EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED BY MICROWAVE RADIATION AT 55 mW/cm2
Authors: PAULSSON L.‐E. , HAMNERIUSO Y. , HANSSON H.‐A. , SJÖSTRAND J. 
Published: May 2009

The action of 550 W/m2 (mean) 3100 MHz pulsed radiation on the rabbit retina in vivo was investigated by fundus photography, blood‐retinal barrier tracers, light and electron microscopy, either after a single 1–1.5 h exposure or after a series of repeated 1 h exposures for up to 53 h during about 100 days.The electron microscopic investigation of the repeatedly exposed retinas revealed degenerative changes in the retinal neurons. The neurons appeared depleted of their cytoplasmic constituents and often contained phago‐lysosomal structures with myelin bodies. There were many degenerating synaptic boutons. The glial cells displayed reactive changes. These ultrastructural changes could not be demonstrated by the other methods used. A single microwave exposure, followed by an induced 70–100% blood‐pressure increase, did not enhance blood‐retina barrier permeability to tracers. There was no evidence of blood brain barrier leakage. These studies show that the rabbit eye can be affected by microwave radiation at intensities lower than previously reported.
CORNEAL ASTIGMATISM AFTER CATARACT EXTRACTION: A Comparison of Corneal and Corneoscleral Incisions
Authors: THYGESEN JOHN , REERSTED PER , FLEDELIUS HANS , CORYDON LEIF 
Published: May 2009

Corneal astigmatism after cataract surgery by way of corneal incision (C, n = 62) and corneo‐scleral incision (CS, n = 61) was followed for six months. Corneal incisions were closed by continuous nylon 10–0 (7–25 loops, median 14). Corneo‐scleral incisions were sutured with single knots (2–10, median value 5).Keratometric results in the C and CS groups are compared. Concerning the degree of astigmatism, pre‐operative median values were 0.5 and 0.7 D, respectively. After one week they were 4.5 and 3.0 D; after two weeks 3.3 and 3.0 D; after four months 3.0 and 2.0 D; after six months (final status) 1.5 and 1.7 D, respectively. The differences between C and CS were not significant. For both, astigmatism after cataract surgery did not quite return to pre‐operative levels.Concerning the axis (weaker meridian) of corneal astigmatism, the C cases retained their pre‐operative distribution, while the CS cases showed the classical shift towards against‐rule astigmatism.Final corrected visual acuity was of the same order in the C and CS group.Due to frequent shifts, also of the axis, it is recommended by early (preliminary) glass prescription not to correct the astigmatism, but to give only the best spherical correction.
THE COLOUR RECEPTORS IN AMBLYOPIA INVESTIGATED BY SPECIFIC QUANTITATIVE PERIMETRY
Authors: HANSEN EGILL 
Published: May 2009

With a method combining static colour perimetry and the two‐colour threshold technique of Stiles, characteristic sensitivities of the cone mechanisms have been studied in amblyopic and non‐amblyopic eyes.For the red and green cone mechanisms, a central depression of sensitivity was found in the amblyopic eye; the depression was more pronounced the higher the degree of amblyopia. For the blue cone mechanism no significant difference was found between the amblyopic and non‐amblyopic eye, except at the fixation point where the mean threshold sensitivity was significantly higher in the amblyopic eye than in the leading eye.By registration of blue receptor curves, a distinct age factor was observed. In the younger patients (aged 10–16) the sensitivity level at peripheral positions for both the amblyopic and the non‐amblyopic eye was significantly higher than in the older patients (aged 39–50). This difference is evidently due to the higher absorption of blue light in the ocular media in older patients.In our cases with eccentric fixation, the true fovea represents the relatively best sensitivity of the red as well as of the green cone mechanism.
CHORIORETINITIS OF THE NEWBORN WITH HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1
Authors: REERSTED PER , HANSEN BENTE 
Published: May 2009

A disseminated herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection involving the central nervous system and accompanied by chorioretinitis in a 3–week‐old girl is described. The aetiologic diagnosis was established on the basis of virus isolated from skin vesicles, and a significant rise in complement fixing antibodies to HSV type 1.The mode of transmission of the virus to the infant apparently was direct contact with an oral lesion in the mother, that was present at the time of delivery. The patient survived but became blind and microcephalic, with severe neurological sequelae.The virus isolated was identified as HSV type 1, which is an infrequent finding in herpetic chorioretinitis of the newborn.
TRAUMATIC HYPHAEMA TREATED AMBULATORY AND WITHOUT ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC DRUGS
Authors: SJøLIE A. K. , MORTENSEN K. KAMP 
Published: May 2009

Forty‐four patients referred consecutively over a period of one year for treatment of traumatic hyphaema have been treated ambulatory and with no drugs.Four patients developed secondary haemorrhage; three regained normal visual acuity.The frequency of secondary haemorrhage is not statistically different from that in two previously published patient groups treated with bed rest and with tranexamic acid, respectively.
REFRACTIVE ERRORS AND OTHER OCULAR FINDINGS IN SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: LAATIKAINEN L. , ERKKILÄ H. 
Published: May 2009

A series consisting of 411 non‐selected school children, 7 to 15 years of age, was examined. Decreased visual acuity (less than 0.8 in one or both eyes without correction) was found in 55 children (13.4%), the frequency increasing from 3.7% to 29.1% with age. The frequency of hyperopic eyes (+2.0 D. or more) decreased from 19.1% to 3.6% and the frequency of myopic eyes (‐0.5 D. or more) increased from 1.9% to 21.8% with age. Altogether, myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism (1 D. or more) in one or both eyes was found in 93 children (22.6%).Manifest strabismus was found in 19 children (4.6%), and heterophoria (8 prism dioptres or more for near or distance) in 28 cases (6.8%), increasing significantly with age, from 1.2 to 13.6%. Amblyopia (visual acuity 0.6 or less) due to strabismus or refractive errors was found in 5 cases. Subnormal vision due to congenital nystagmus, unilateral macular scar, congenital rubella retinopathy and unilateral Coats' disease was diagnosed with one case of each. Signs of external inflammatory disease were seen in 13 cases.In this series the annual need for ophthalmological consultation increased from 5% at the age of 7–8, to 30% of the children aged 14–15, if follow‐up examinations and visits for the prescribing of glasses were included.
FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY IN DIABETIC CHILDREN
Authors: STARUP KIRSTEN , LARSEN HANS‐WALTHER , ENK BERNHARD , VESTERMARK SVEIN 
Published: May 2009

In 63 diabetic children, aged 10–14 years, with normal ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography revealed slight diabetic retinopathy in maximally three, aged 12–14 years. These findings are discussed in relation to the controversial results published in a few other fluorescein angiographic studies on diabetic children.It is concluded that normal ophthalmoscopy does not exclude the presence of diabetic retinopathy and that fluorescein angiography is a valuable method in the early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy.
OPHTHALMIC CHANGES FROM AGE OF 10 TO 18 YEARS
Authors: FLEDELIUS HANS C. 
Published: May 2009

A report is given on refractive change (Δ R) from age of 10 to 18 years. The 1979 follow‐up comprises 137 persons who had earlier (around 1970) participated in a larger investigation into ophthalmic sequels to a low birth weight (n = 539).In general (127 out of 137), there is a shift towards lower dioptric values (increase in refraction). Seven remained static while three showed a slight decrease in refraction (0.25–0.5 D).Adult emme‐ and hypermetropia show a median Δ R about 0.7 D (increase) during adolescence, against median values of 1.7 and 2.5 D in juvenile myopia, of ex‐prematures and full‐terms respectively. With a median Δ R of 1.2 D, ‘myopia of prematurity’ occupies an intermediate position (21 eyes of 13 subjects). Except for this subgroup, there is no evidence that low birth weight has influenced refractive distribution.With a (planned) skewing towards myopia, the 1979‐sample cannot be considered epidemiologically representative, as was the original 1970‐material. Concerning the latter, the 18‐year incidence of myopia is given as 17.6% for ex‐prematures and 13.1% for fullterms (minimum figures, based on school medical records).
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF EYE, OPTIC NERVE AND BRAIN IN A CASE OF DOMINANT OPTIC ATROPHY
Authors: KJER P. , JENSEN O.A. , KLINKEN L. 
Published: May 2009

Histopathology of eye, optic nerve and brain was performed in a patient with typical signs and symptoms of dominant optic atrophy. He belonged to a previously‐reported family of 152 members in which optic atrophy was demonstrable in 14 persons, and probably present in a further 8 cases. In the eyes, fibrosis of the retinal ganglion cell layer and disc was found. Ultra‐structural examination showed a few remaining cells in this layer, heavy fibrosis and in particular a highly condensed inner limiting membrane. The optic nerves, the optic chiasm and optic tracts showed an increased content of collagen tissue and a decreased number of neurofibrils and myelin sheaths. In the lateral geniculate body there was massive loss of ganglion cells, fibrillary gliosis and a great quantity of fine granular lipid in the cytoplasm of the ganglion cells. No changes in the calcarine cortex were observed. Examination of the intracranial part of both vestibulocochlear nerves showed a decreased number of neurofibrils and myelin sheaths.It is concluded that the histopathological changes of the visual system are similar to those in Leber's disease, but less pronounced. The study confirms earlier theories that dominant optic atrophy is a primary degeneration of the ganglion cell layer in the retina, with ascending optic atrophy.
Novel ABC Transporter Gene,
vga
(C), Located on a Multiresistance Plasmid from a Porcine Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
ST398 Strain
Authors: Kadlec Kristina , Schwarz Stefan 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT

A novel ABC transporter gene,
vga
(C), was identified on the 14,365-bp multiresistance plasmid pKKS825 in a porcine methicillin (meticillin)-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
isolate of sequence type 398. The
vga
(C) gene encodes a 523-amino-acid protein which confers resistance not only to streptogramin A antibiotics but also to lincosamides and pleuromutilins. Plasmid pKKS825 also carries the resistance genes
aadD
,
tet
(L), and
dfrK
, which may enable the coselection of
vga
(C) under selective pressure by kanamycin/neomycin, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim.
Doctors’ views of attitudes towards peer medical error
Authors: Asghari F , Fotouhi A , Jafarian A 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims at evaluating doctors’ attitudes towards handling medical errors made by their peers.MaterialsThis cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted between April and July 2006 and targeted general practitioners attending continuing medical education programmes in Tehran. A total of 474 doctors were approached, 400 of whom completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire contained a clinical vignette with three hypothetical patient outcomes: near-miss, leading to harm, and leading to death. The participants were asked how they would deal with each case. They were also asked how they would prefer their peers to react when they themselves made a medical error.ResultsThe most common attitude toward peers’ medical errors was reporting it to the original doctor and asking them to disclose it to the patient (near-miss: 63.0%; 95% CI 58% to 68%; leading to harm: 70.0%; 95% CI 65.4% to 74.6%; and leading to death: 62.5%; 95% CI 57.5% to 67.5%). In most cases, doctors expected their peers to report their medical errors to them (92.7%; 95% CI 89.7% to 93.0). About 67% of the participating doctors had encountered a peer’s medical error in the past 6 months, although 90% of them had received no or very little training in dealing with this issue.DiscussionThe most acceptable approach to dealing with a peer’s medical error is to report it to the responsible doctor and encourage them to disclose it to the patient.
Participation of abscisic acid and gibberellins produced by endophyticAzospirillumin the alleviation of drought effects in maize
Authors: Cohen Ana C. , Travaglia Claudia N. , Bottini Rubén , Piccoli Patricia N. 
Published: May 2009

Azospirillum spp. are plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) that enhance growth by several mechanisms, including the production of phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and gibberellins (GAs). Their presence may also alleviate plant water stress. In the present paper, the effects of Azospirillum lipoferum in maize ( Zea mays L.) plants treated with inhibitors of ABA and GA synthesis, fluridone (F) and prohexadione-Ca (P), respectively, and either submitted to drought stress or provided sufficient water, were analysed. Fluridone diminished the growth of plants that had been well watered, in a manner similar to drought, but inoculation with Azospirillum completely reversed this effect. The relative water content of the F-treated and drought-stressed plants was significantly lower (even though drought-stressed plants had been allowed to recover for one week), and this effect was completely neutralized by Azospirillum. These results were correlated with ABA levels assessed by GC-EIMS. Growth was diminished in drought-submitted plants treated with P, alone or combined with F, even though ABA levels were enhanced, suggesting that GAs produced by the bacterium are also important in stress alleviation. The results suggest that both ABA and GAs contribute to water-stress alleviation of plants by Azospirillum.