bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing marine reserves to reduce bycatch of mobile species: a case study using juvenile red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)
Authors: Diamond Sandra L. , Kleisner Kristin M. , Duursma Daisy Englert , Wang Yuning 
Published: August 2010

Marine reserves have not been widely used to conserve mobile species because species abundance levels can be highly variable over space and time. Here we explore the potential for marine reserves to reduce bycatch of mobile species using red snapper ( Lutjanus campechanus ) as a case study. Bycatch in Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawls is a major source of juvenile red snapper mortality, and marine reserves may be mandated if bycatch reduction targets are not met. Using geographic information system (GIS) analyses of fishery-independent data, we investigated whether red snapper juveniles concentrate in “hot spots” and examined the trade-offs between abundance within hot spots (intensity) and predictability over time (persistence). These trade-offs allow fishery managers to tailor marine reserves to meet specific conservation goals. For red snapper, hot spots were primarily located around the 30 m isobath, with hot spots spread along the Texas coast in fall and clustered around the Texas–Louisiana border in summer. Increased intensity of hot spots led to lower persistence due to the smaller spatial area of higher intensity hot spots. Hot spots moved annually but generally persisted in the same locations over time, indicating that marine reserves could reduce red snapper bycatch. This approach provides a foundation for making informed decisions about design and placement of reserves for mobile species.
Local symmetry and Z-scan analysis of ZnSe/Eu3+ doped sol–gel silica hosts
Authors: Mathew Siby , Arun Kumar K. V. , Sudarsanakumar C. , Nampoori V. P.N. , Unnikrishnan N. V. 
Published: August 2010

Vibrational state side-band spectral analysis of silica matrices, doped with ZnSe/Eu3+ ions, associated with the excitation transition 7F0→5D2 is used to analyze the local asymmetry of the rare earth ions in the glass host. The large inhomogeneous linewidth for the ZnSe co-doped samples indicates the wide distribution of the Eu3+ ions in the matrix and is related to the flexibility of the local glass network. The fluorescence spectra reveal that the intensity of the characteristic emission of europium increases considerably in the presence of ZnSe particles. This phenomenon can be explained by the energy transfer resulting from electron–hole recombination in the ZnSe to the rare earth ion. Nonlinear optical absorption of the sample is also investigated at a wavelength of 532 nm, using open aperture Z-scan technique. The sample exhibits reversible saturable absorption (RSA), which is found to depend on excitation fluence. RSA is due to the enhanced absorption resulting from the electron dynamics in nano-crystallites.
Contributions of harvest slash to maintaining downed woody debris in selection-managed forests
Authors: Vanderwel Mark C. , Thorpe Hilary C. , Caspersen John P. 
Published: August 2010

Harvest slash can represent a major source of downed woody debris (DWD) in selection-managed forests. In this study, we analyze the volume, cover, size distribution, and decay-class distribution of DWD input by selection harvesting in central Ontario, Canada. Selection harvesting input 23.9 m3 DWD·ha–1 (0.013 m2 DWD·m–2), with cut basal area explaining 46% and 30% of the respective within-stand variation in cover and volume, respectively. The size distribution of the slash was similar to that of DWD in permanent sample plots (including old-growth stands and stands that have not been recently harvested), countering a common assumption that harvesting inputs only small-sized material. Harvest-origin DWD was bimodally distributed across decay classes, with the first peak (decay class 1) associated with fresh harvest slash and a second smaller peak (decay class 3) likely representing dead trees and branches that were felled or broken during harvest operations. A matrix projection model showed that slash can maintain DWD levels in managed, uneven-aged stands comparable with those in unmanaged stands, but the mean decay class increases steadily over a 20-year period after harvest. Our results underline the importance of harvest inputs for maintaining DWD pools in selection-managed forests and provide baseline information against which to compare forests managed with higher utilization standards.
Breeding against dothistroma needle blight of radiata pine in Australia
Authors: Ivković Miloš , Baltunis Brian , Gapare Washington , Sasse Jo , Dutkowski Gregory , Elms Stephen , Wu Harry 
Published: August 2010

Pine needle blight, caused by Dothistroma septosporum (Dorog.) M. Morelet, is one of the most serious foliar diseases of Pinus spp. in Australia and New Zealand. In 16 Pinus radiata (D.Don.) progeny trials in northeastern Victoria, Australia, Dothistroma-caused defoliation varied widely among trials and assessment years, ranging from 5% to 65%. The estimated narrow sense heritability ranged from nonsignificant to as high as 0.69 with a median of 0.36. Spatial autocorrelation of residuals accounted for a significant proportion of residual variance, and that increased heritability estimates. Genetic correlation between defoliation scores at an early age and growth at a later age was negative with a median value of –0.39. Phenotypic correlation between defoliation and survival was low and negative with a median value of –0.11. Economic analyses indicated that at sites with a high risk of infection, the effect of reducing defoliation on profitability was comparable with that of increasing growth at sites free from infection. The genetic parameters and economic impacts of Dothistroma were used to derive selection indices and include resistance to defoliation into the current breeding objective for radiata pine.
Effect of growth suppression and release on strength and specific gravity of yellow-poplar
Authors: Mettanurak Thammarat , Zink-Sharp Audrey , Copenheaver Carolyn A. , Zedaker Shepard M. 
Published: August 2010

Compression tests and specific gravity analyses were conducted to investigate the impacts of growth suppression and growth release on wood quality in yellow-poplar ( Liriodendron tulipifera L.). Growth ring widths in 23 increment cores were determined and the years of minimum suppression and maximum release were identified based on a modified radial growth averaging technique. Three specimens (1 mm × 1 mm × 4 mm) from both minimum suppression and maximum release years were prepared from each increment core. Data analysis using paired-samples t tests revealed that the mean ultimate crushing stress of the maximum release years was significantly higher than that of the minimum suppression years, yet the mean specific gravity was not significantly different. Even though there was no statistical difference in specific gravity for the two growth conditions studied, the ultimate crushing stress was statistically higher for the release growth specimens. This finding provides support for the concept that growth rate can have an added effect on strength properties that is not entirely captured by specific gravity. Thus, to improve wood quality in yellow-poplar stands, forest managers might consider increasing the likelihood of periods of growth release by controlling the competition experienced by the trees.
Determinants and modeling of specific dynamic action for the Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)
Authors: Bessler Scott M. , Stubblefield Mary C. , Ultsch G. R. , Secor Stephen M. 
Published: August 2010

Specific dynamic action (SDA), the cumulative energy expended on digestion and assimilation, can contribute significantly to individual daily energy expenditure (DEE). The Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis (L., 1758)) is a widely distributed generalist predator that could experience considerable variation in SDA and hence the contribution of SDA to DEE. We examined the effects of meal size, meal type, and body temperature on the postprandial metabolic response and SDA of the Eastern Garter Snake ( Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis (L., 1758)) and generated predictive models of SDA based on meal size, body mass, and body temperature, and separately based on meal energy. Postprandial peak in oxygen consumption, duration of significantly elevated oxygen consumption, and SDA increased with increasing meal size (5%–45% of body mass). Postprandial metabolic response digesting six different equal-size prey items varied significantly; vertebrate prey generated larger SDA responses than soft-bodied invertebrates. Increases in experimental temperature (15–35 °C) yielded a matched increase in postprandial peak in oxygen consumption and decrease in digestive duration. For a 1-month hypothetical feeding history for an adult T. sirtalis, the cumulative predicted SDA varied by 4.5% among the three models (minimal, intermediate, and maximal intake of prey) and averaged 8%, 22%, and 38% of DEE, respectively.
Scalable concurrent hash tables via relativistic programming
Authors: Triplett Josh , McKenney Paul E. , Walpole Jonathan 
Published: August 2010

This paper presents a novel concurrent hash table implementation which supports wait-free, near-linearly scalable lookup, even in the presence of concurrent modifications. In particular, this hash table implementation supports concurrent moves of hash table elements between buckets, for purposes such as renames.
Implementation of this algorithm in the Linux kernel demonstrates its performance and scalability. Benchmarks on a 64-way POWER system showed a 6x scalability improvement versus fine-grained locking, and a 1.5x improvement versus the current state of the art in Linux.

To achieve these scalability improvements, the hash table implementation uses a new concurrent programming technique known as
relativistic programming
. This approach uses a copy-based update strategy to allow readers and writers to run concurrently without conflicts, avoiding many of the non-scalable costs of synchronization, inter-processor communication, and cache coherence. New techniques such as the proposed hash-table move algorithm allow readers to tolerate the resulting weak memory-ordering behavior that arises from allowing one version of a structure to be read concurrently with updates to a different version of the same structure. Relativistic programming techniques provide performance and scalability advantages over traditional synchronization, as demonstrated through several benchmarks.
Connecting the dots
Authors: Roda Giovanna 
Published: August 2010

Symbolic Computation is an area of computer science that after 20 years of initial research had its acme in the mid-1980s, when its many new algorithms were made available in "math systems for the masses" like Mathematica and Maple. Computational algebra and computational logic are the two main pillars on which this discipline is based.
Currently, the field experiences a new blossom by the integration and combination of new numeric, algebraic, geometric and logic algorithms made available in new, interactive and easy-to-use versions of these systems combined with web services. Spectacular new applications are reported in areas so different as elementary particle physics, cryptography, and automated software generation. One of the most outstanding outcomes of Symbolic Computation is the recently born Wolfram Alpha system, fully programmed in Mathematical.
The goal of this writing is to remind the Information Retrieval community of the chances and capabilities offered by Symbolic Computation.
Crucial Roles for Protein Kinase C Isoforms in Tumor-Specific Killing by Apoptin
Authors: Jiang Jie , Cole Daryl , Westwood Nigel , Macpherson Lee , Farzaneh Farzin , Mufti Ghulam , Tavassoli Mahvash , Gäken Joop 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The chicken anemia virus–derived protein apoptin induces apoptosis in a variety of human malignant and transformed cells but not in normal cells. However, the mechanisms through which apoptin achieves its selective killing effects are not well understood. We developed a lentiviral vector encoding a green fluorescent protein–apoptin fusion gene (LV-GFP-AP) that can efficiently deliver apoptin into hematopoietic cells. Apoptin selectively killed the human multiple myeloma cell lines MM1.R and MM1.S, and the leukemia cell lines K562, HL60, U937, KG1, and NB4. In contrast, normal CD34+ cells were not killed and maintained their differentiation potential in multilineage colony formation assays. In addition, dexamethasone-resistant MM1.R cells were found to be more susceptible to apoptin-induced cell death than the parental matched MM1.S cells. Death susceptibility correlated with increased phosphorylation and activation of the apoptin protein in MM1.R cells. Expression array profiling identified differential kinase profiles between MM1.R and MM1.S cells. Among these kinases, protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ) was found by immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase studies to be a candidate kinase responsible for apoptin phosphorylation. Indeed, shRNA knockdown or drug-mediated inhibition of PKCβ significantly reduced apoptin phosphorylation. Furthermore, apoptin-mediated cell death proceeded through the upregulation of PKCβ, activation of caspase-9/3, cleavage of the PKCδ catalytic domain, and downregulation of the MERTK and AKT kinases. Collectively, these results elucidate a novel pathway for apoptin activation involving PKCβ and PKCδ. Further, they highlight the potential of apoptin and its cellular regulators to purge bone marrow used in autologous transplantation for multiple myeloma. Cancer Res; 70(18); 7242–52. ©2010 AACR.
Successful Treatment of Melanoma Brain Metastases with Adoptive Cell Therapy
Authors: Hong Jenny J. , Rosenberg Steven A. , Dudley Mark E. , Yang James C. , White Donald E. , Butman John A. , Sherry Richard M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the objective response rate and response duration of melanoma brain metastases to adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with autologous antitumor lymphocytes plus interleukin-2 following a lymphodepleting preparative regimen.
Methods: Between 2000 and 2009, 264 patients with metastatic melanoma received ACT, consisting of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine with or without total body irradiation, followed by the infusion of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) or autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes retrovirally transduced to express a T-cell receptor (TCR) that recognized the melanocyte differentiation antigens gp-100 or MART-1. From this group, 26 patients were retrospectively identified to have had untreated brain metastases and extracranial disease before receiving ACT. The response rate and duration of melanoma brain metastases, as well as the overall response rate, response duration, and survival for these patients, are presented.
Results: Seventeen of these 26 patients received ACT with TIL. Seven of these patients (41%) achieved a complete response in the brain, and six patients achieved an overall partial response. In the nine patients that received TCR-transduced lymphocytes, two patients achieved a complete response in the brain (22%) and one of these two achieved an overall partial response. One patient developed a tumor-associated subarachnoid hemorrhage during the thrombocytopenic phase of therapy and had an uneventful metastatectomy.
Conclusion: ACT with a nonmyeloablative preparative regimen using either TIL- or TCR gene–transduced cells and interleukin-2 can mediate complete and durable regression of melanoma brain metastases. This strategy can be used safely in selected patients with metastatic melanoma to the brain. Clin Cancer Res; 16(19); 4892–8. ©2010 AACR.
Chk1-Dependent Constitutive Phosphorylation of BLM Helicase at Serine 646 Decreases after DNA Damage
Authors: Kaur Sarabpreet , Modi Priyanka , Srivastava Vivek , Mudgal Richa , Tikoo Shweta , Arora Prateek , Mohanty Debasisa , Sengupta Sagar 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
BLM helicase, the protein mutated in Bloom syndrome, is involved in signal transduction cascades after DNA damage. BLM is phosphorylated on multiple residues by different kinases either after stress induction or during mitosis. Here, we have provided evidence that both Chk1 and Chk2 phosphorylated the NH2-terminal 660 amino acids of BLM. An internal region within the DExH motif of BLM negatively regulated the Chk1/Chk2-dependent NH2-terminal phosphorylation event. Using in silico analysis involving the Chk1 structure and its known substrate specificity, we predicted that Chk1 should preferentially phosphorylate BLM on serine 646 (Ser646). The prediction was validated in vitro by phosphopeptide analysis on BLM mutants and in vivo by usage of a newly generated phosphospecific polyclonal antibody. We showed that the phosphorylation at Ser646 on BLM was constitutive and decreased rapidly after exposure to DNA damage. This resulted in the diminished interaction of BLM with nucleolin and PML isoforms, and consequently decreased BLM accumulation in the nucleolus and PML nuclear bodies. Instead, BLM relocalized to the sites of DNA damage and bound with the damage sensor protein, Nbs1. Mutant analysis confirmed that the binding to nucleolin and PML isoforms required Ser646 phosphorylation. These results indicated that Chk1-mediated phosphorylation on BLM at Ser646 might be a determinant for regulating subnuclear localization and could act as a marker for the activation status of BLM in response to DNA damage. Mol Cancer Res; 8(9); 1234–47. ©2010 AACR.
Body Size and Incident Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Study of Older Women
Authors: Oxentenko Amy S. , Bardia Aditya , Vierkant Robert A. , Wang Alice H. , Anderson Kristin E. , Campbell Peter T. , Sellers Thomas A. , Folsom Aaron R. , Cerhan James R. , Limburg Paul J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObesity is a controversial risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) in older women. We evaluated associations between multiple body size parameters and incident CRC in the prospective, population-based Iowa Women's Health Study (IWHS). IWHS participants, ages 55 to 69 years, provided data regarding height; weight; weight at ages 50, 40, 30, 18 years; hip circumference; and waist circumference at baseline (1986). Derived variables included body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and “overweight years” (OWY; conceptually similar to cigarette pack-years). Incident CRC cases (n = 1,464) were ascertained from the State Health Registry of Iowa, through 2005. Multivariable Cox regression models were fit to estimate body size–associated CRC risks. Among 36,941 women (619,961 person-years), baseline height, weight, BMI, hip circumference, waist circumference, and WHR were all positively associated with incident CRC (Ptrend ≤ 0.003 for each). Baseline BMI yielded the highest CRC risk estimates (obese III versus normal, RR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.10–2.22; Ptrend &lt; 0.001) and was more closely associated with distal than proximal tumors (Ptrend &lt; 0.001 versus 0.06). Conversely, height was more closely associated with proximal than distal tumors (Ptrend &lt; 0.001 versus 0.04). Other body size parameters were less predictive of incident CRC. These data strongly support a positive association between increased body size and CRC risk among older women. Further investigation of when increased body size has the greatest effect on CRC risk (i.e., early adulthood versus later adulthood) might also be informative, particularly with respect to defining subsite-specific pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res; 3(12); 1608–20. ©2010 AACR.
Chemoimmunotherapy Reduces the Progression of Multiple Myeloma in a Mouse Model
Authors: Sharabi Amir , Laronne-Bar-On Ayelet , Meshorer Asher , Haran-Ghera Nechama 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Recently, we showed a correlation between increased ratios of functional regulatory T cells (Treg) and disease progression in a unique mouse model that mimics the human disease. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is a cytotoxic alkylating agent widely used in chemotherapeutic regimens. Low-dose CYC was previously reported to selectively reduce Treg levels and to contribute to immunostimulation. Our objectives were (a) to determine whether treatment using a low-dose CYC could reduce MM progression and (b) to further characterize the modes of action underlying these effects. We found that both low- and high-dose CYC given to sick mice with hind limb paralysis resulted in the disappearance of the paralysis, the replacement of plasma tumor cells in the bone marrow by normal cell populations, and a significant prolongation of survival. However, only low-dose CYC treatment decreased the incidence of MM. Low-dose CYC rendered Tregs susceptible to apoptosis because of the downregulation of Bcl-xL and CTLA-4 in these cells, and a decreased production of interleukin 2 by effector CD4 cells. Moreover, using this treatment, we noted the recovery of IFN-γ–producing natural killer T cells and maturation of dendritic cells. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with repeated administrations of low-dose CYC at longer time intervals (coinciding with the blocked renewal of Tregs) resulted in reduced tumor load, and the prevention or delay of disease recurrence, thereby breaking immune tolerance against MM tumor cells. Cancer Prev Res; 3(10); 1265–76. ©2010 AACR.
Chocolate Intake and Incidence of Heart Failure
Authors: Mostofsky Elizabeth , Levitan Emily B. , Wolk Alicja , Mittleman Murray A. 
Published: August 2010

Background—
Randomized clinical trials have shown that chocolate intake reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and observational studies have found an inverse association between chocolate intake and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between chocolate intake and incidence of heart failure (HF).

Methods and Results—

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 31 823 women aged 48 to 83 years without baseline diabetes or a history of HF or myocardial infarction who were participants in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. In addition to answering health and lifestyle questions, participants completed a food-frequency questionnaire. Women were followed from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2006, for HF hospitalization or death through the Swedish inpatient and cause-of-death registers. Over 9 years of follow-up, 419 women were hospitalized for incident HF (n=379) or died of HF (n=40). Compared with no regular chocolate intake, the multivariable-adjusted rate ratio of HF was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.58 to 0.95) for women consuming 1 to 3 servings of chocolate per month, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.50 to 0.93) for those consuming 1 to 2 servings per week, 1.09 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.62) for those consuming 3 to 6 servings per week, and 1.23 (95% CI, 0.73 to 2.08) for those consuming ≥1 servings per day (
P
=0.0005 for quadratic trend).

Conclusions—
In this population, moderate habitual chocolate intake was associated with a lower rate of HF hospitalization or death, but the protective association was not observed with intake of ≥1 servings per day.