bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
US Muslims’ Creative Approaches to Prayer on the Big and Small Screen
Authors: Aslan Rose 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The chapter examines how Muslim-produced American TV shows and films portray Islamic prayer, arguing representations are more nuanced and accurate than mainstream media. While some comedy normalizes prayer, other productions aim to educate non-Muslim audiences about the meaning of rituals. Portrayals humanize Muslims, showing prayer’s role in everyday life. Women filmmakers offer insightful intersectional narratives. Social media stars creatively engage youth. While depicting lived complexities, Muslim-made media normalizes Islamic practice. However, productions are often calibrated for non-Muslim audiences. Despite limitations, the rise of Muslim media-makers signals hope for countering stereotypes. Their creative approaches present fuller dimensions of Muslims integrating their faith into US society.
New Realities of Lived Experiences of Muslim Public Prayer
Authors: Aslan Rose 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The chapter explores new realities and debates around Muslim prayer arising from recent events like the COVID pandemic and Black Lives Matter protests. It finds creative adaptations as communal rituals move online and prayer intersects with activism. COVID sparked discussions on validity of virtual congregational prayer. Black Lives Matter vigils incorporated communal prayer to protest racism. Prayer continues as an embodied communal act amid social distancing. Debates reveal US Muslim interpretive independence. Social media creates space for openness about prayer struggles. The chapter argues lived complexities of prayer illuminate Muslim diversity and efforts to integrate faith within an ever-evolving society.
Introduction
Authors: Wills Vanessa Christina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The introduction outlines this book’s approach to interpreting Marx, situating it in relation to more dominant approaches in Anglophone philosophy, especially Analytical Marxism. It reflects on why we should revisit the question of Marx and ethics at all, answering that ethical questions such as the relationship between freedom and determinism, the concept of human nature, and the conditions of human flourishing are all central to Marxist theory and impossible to understand without taking stock of Marx’s approach to ethics. Against analytical philosophy’s hostility to Hegelianism—rooted in its early repudiation of British Idealism—this chapter argues that dialectics are not to be dismissed as “mysticism.” Rather, by preserving Marx’s neo-Hegelianism and revisiting his dialectical method of inquiry, interpreters of Marx can uphold ideals of objectivity and rigor while discovering how Marx’s methodology is well-suited to analyzing a world that is itself dynamic, conflictual, and in a state of constant change.
Conclusion
Authors: Wills Vanessa Christina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter underscores that freedom, alienation, and individuality do not give way to any one-sided and untenable economic determinism in Marx’s later works. They receive even deeper engagement, as does the ethical vision of which they are a part. There, Marx most clearly and explicitly theorizes the full development of rich individuality as the highest aim for human beings. Under capitalism, labor takes on a stultifying narrowness for the individual worker. Yet on a social scale, capitalism makes human productivity ever more varied, dynamic, and complex. What remains is for this variation, dynamism, and complexity to exist as features of the lives of individual persons. This can only be achieved via the revolutionary and modernizing processes of capitalism itself, and through the conscious, rational, and social intervention of human beings into those processes so that they become fully realized as human powers rather than powers over human beings.
Serum Metabolites Relate to Mucosal and Transmural Inflammation in Paediatric Crohn Disease
Authors: Suarez Ricardo G , Guruprasad Namitha , Tata Ganesh , Zhang Zhengxiao , Focht Gili , McClement Daniel , Navas-López Víctor Manuel , Koletzko Sibylle , Griffiths Anne M , Ledder Oren , de Ridder Lissy , Wishart David , Nichols Ben , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Turner Dan , Wine Eytan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
We aimed to identify serum metabolites associated with mucosal and transmural inflammation in paediatric Crohn disease [pCD].

Methods
In all, 56 pCD patients were included through a pre-planned sub-study of the multicentre, prospective, ImageKids cohort, designed to develop the Paediatric Inflammatory Crohn magnetic resonance enterography [MRE] Index [PICMI]. Children were included throughout their disease course when undergoing ileocolonoscopy and MRE and were followed for 18 months, when MRE was repeated. Serum metabolites were identified using liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Outcomes included: PICMI, the simple endoscopic score [SES], faecal calprotectin [FCP], and C-reactive protein [CRP], to assess transmural, mucosal, and systemic inflammation, respectively. Random forest models were built by outcome. Maximum relevance minimum redundancy [mRMR] feature selection with a j-fold cross-validation scheme identified the best subset of features and hyperparameter settings.

Results
Tryptophan and glutarylcarnitine were the top common mRMR metabolites linked to pCD inflammation. Random forest models established that amino acids and amines were among the most influential metabolites for predicting transmural and mucosal inflammation. Predictive models performed well, each with an area under the curve [AUC] &gt; 70%. In addition, serum metabolites linked with pCD inflammation mainly related to perturbations in the citrate cycle [TCA cycle], aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, butanoate metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism.

Conclusions
We extend on recent studies, observing differences in serum metabolites between healthy controls and Crohn disease patients, and suggest various associations of serum metabolites with transmural and mucosal inflammation. These metabolites could improve the understanding of pCD pathogenesis and assessment of disease severity.
The valuable role of cardio-pulmonary exercise testing in the diagnosis of atrial septal defect in a competitive triathlete: a case report
Authors: Sareban Mahdi , Treff Gunnar , Wuppinger Thomas , Zimpfer Daniel , Niebauer Josef 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is characterized by a diverse clinical presentation influenced by the type, size, and haemodynamics. Endurance athletes with ASD may exhibit higher than normal performance levels, however they face an elevated risk of exercise-induced cardiac volume and pressure strain, potentially expediting a maladaptation of the right heart.

Case summary
An asymptomatic 28-year-old female elite triathlete sought a pre-participation sports medical examination. Her past medical history revealed right heart enlargement. Transthoracic echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging did not ascertain a definitive diagnosis such as shunting. The examination revealed a remarkably high maximum oxygen uptake during cardio-pulmonary exercise testing (CPET), yet an abnormal oxygen uptake/workload slope and a low, plateauing oxygen pulse. The athlete agreed to transoesophageal echocardiography that demonstrated a superior sinus venosus-type ASD. Surgical intervention, conducted with minimally invasive endoscopic robotic technology and a pericardial patch, was performed at a tertiary centre under full cardio-pulmonary bypass. At seven-month follow-up, the patient reported engaging in swim sessions without limitations and participating in high intensity cycling sessions with performances similar to pre-surgery. Cardio-pulmonary exercise testing revealed increased maximum oxygen consumption and normalization of oxygen uptake/workload slope and maximum oxygen pulse.

Discussion
Endurance athletes with ASD may have abnormal haemodynamic response during CPET despite an exceptional high maximum oxygen uptake. This underscores the value of CPET in the diagnostic work-up of right heart enlargement.
Coronary coding in dTGA pre- and post-ASO—verification and necessary corrections following adult CMR
Authors: Hövels-Gürich Hedwig H , Lebherz Corinna , Dettori Rosalia , Pütz Andreas , Racolta Anca , Linden Katharina , Kirschfink Annemarie , Altiok Ertunc , Rüffer André , Marx Nikolaus , Herberg Ulrike , Frick Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
In adult patients with transposition of the great arteries (dTGA) after arterial switch operation (ASO), the coronary artery circulation after neonatal surgical transfer remains a major culprit for long-term sequelae, including myocardial ischaemia and sudden cardiac death. As coronary imaging in paediatric age is often incomplete and classification mainly relies on the surgeon’s description in the operation report, we intended to develop a systematic, understandable pattern of the coronary status for each young patient, combining unambiguous coding with non-invasive imaging.

Methods and results
The monocentric prospective study evaluated 89 young adults (mean 23 years) after ASO for dTGA including cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) coronary angiography. Following ‘The Leiden Convention coronary coding system’, we describe the systematic transformation process and provide a graphical illustration considering surgical and imaging views for the six main coronary types, followed by a comparison with adult CMR. Discordance between surgeon’s and CMR classification is evaluated.
In seven (7.9%) patients, a discordance between the surgeon’s post-operative and the CMR classification was found; therefore, the initial classification had to be corrected according to adult CMR. Three cases (3.4%) with particularly challenging coronary variants (intramural and interarterial course, functional common ostium) are presented.

Conclusion
Considering the risks of a possible neonatal coronary misclassification and of increasing additional acquired coronary artery disease with age, reliable cooperation between surgeons, cardiologists, and imaging specialists must be ensured. Therefore, after completion of growth, a systematic pattern of the coronary artery status, combining unambiguous coding with CMR imaging, should be established for each patient.
Which factors influence health services utilization in Bulgaria? Results of a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Atanasova Elka , Panayotova Svetlana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Research on the factors influencing health care services utilization in Bulgaria does not apply a particular model to analyze these determinants. To fill this gap, we apply the Andersen’s Behavioural Model, a commonly used framework, to determine the factors that impact the utilization of health care services in our country.

Methods
Data are collected in an online survey conducted in Bulgaria in 2023 among consumers. The standardized questionnaire includes questions on the utilization of health care services used by the respondent during the preceding 12 months. We apply binary logistic regressions to analyze predictors of visits to general practitioners and medical specialists, as well as hospitalizations.

Results
The results of the regression analysis show that the factors of self-reported health status and the presence of a chronic disease influence the utilization of health care services except for general practitioner visits. Greater trust in general practitioners and hospitals is associated with an increased probability of undergoing examinations and hospitalizations. Predisposing and enabling characteristics appear as significant determinants of health care utilization.

Conclusion
The study confirms the relevance of the Behavioural Model for the use of health care services in the Bulgarian context. Further research on health outcomes and their impact on utilization can help determine the most efficient level and appropriateness of the use of health care services.
Investigating the Effects of Discrimination Experiences on Everyday Metamemory Accuracy
Authors: Ly Timothy K , Allen Rebecca S , Cundiff Jeanne M , DeCaro Jason A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Lifetime and daily experiences of discrimination contribute to impaired performance on cognitive assessments. However, the underlying mechanism by which discrimination negatively affects cognition is unclear. Recent research investigating stress-induced impairment of metamemory may address the relationship between discrimination experiences and cognitive impairment.

Methods
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of lifetime and daily experiences of discrimination, daily affect balance, baseline objective cognitive performance, and sociodemographic variables (age, race, ethnicity, and sex) with metamemory accuracy across the lifespan (ages 20–75). Impaired metamemory accuracy was defined by the number of subjective cognitive complaints. Diary data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS Refresher 1) Daily Diary Project (N = 782) was used for these analyses.

Results
Results from linear mixed model analyses showed significant within-person effects of daily discrimination, where people who reported more daily discrimination also reported lower metamemory accuracy, and daily affect balance, where people who reported very negative affect also reported lower metamemory accuracy. Additionally, linear mixed model analyses revealed significant between-person effects of race on metamemory accuracy, with individuals from minoritized racial groups generally reporting poorer metamemory accuracy. Daily discrimination experiences also interacted with other variables in predicting day-to-day metamemory accuracy.

Discussion
These findings add to our understanding of how psychosocial stress in the form of daily discrimination experiences may impair metamemory processes contributing to increased subjective cognitive complaints. Future research should consider the contribution of daily experiences of discrimination across the lifespan to poor cognitive outcomes in later life.
Factors affecting cancer screening perception in Turkish women: the role of health literacy
Authors: Kıran Şafak , Sevim Ferit , Ürek Duygu , Şenol Osman 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
It is suggested that individuals with limited health literacy have less awareness about cancer and screening methods. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the relationship between cancer screening perception and health literacy levels among women. This study investigates the determinants of cancer screening perceptions in Turkish women, with a particular emphasis on the influence of health literacy. Employing a cross-sectional design, the study involved 428 women aged 18–69. Data were collected via online questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analysis was utilized to assess the effects of distinct variables on cancer screening perceptions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to validate and ensure reliability. The results indicated that the constructed hierarchical regression model explicated around 10% of the variance in cancer screening perceptions. Among the various factors examined, health literacy emerged as the most potent predictor of screening perceptions. Individuals possessing higher health literacy demonstrated more favorable attitudes toward cancer screening. Additionally, age surfaced as another notable determinant, with advanced age correlating positively with awareness and receptiveness to screening. This research reveals the pivotal role of health literacy in shaping how Turkish women perceive cancer screening. While a few factors have an impact, the study highlights the urgent need to elevate health literacy levels to foster heightened awareness and engagement in cancer screening programs. The study’s findings offer valuable guidance for devising targeted interventions to address disparities in cancer screening perception and participation, particularly among women in low- to middle-income countries such as Turkey.
Does Improving Depression Symptoms in Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Alter Their Microbiome?
Authors: Davies Julie M , Teh Jing Jie , Ewais Tatjana , Begun Jakob 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are more likely to have depression and anxiety symptoms compared with healthy individuals and those with other chronic illnesses. Previous studies have shown a link between the microbiome composition and depression symptoms; however, many antidepressant medications have antibacterial activity confounding cross-sectional studies of these populations. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether we could detect longitudinal changes in the microbiome of a subset of patients who participated in a previously published mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) study to improve depression symptoms in adolescents and young adults with IBD.

Methods
Stool samples were collected at baseline and 8 weeks (n = 24 participants, 37 total samples, 13 paired samples). During this time, some participants achieved a 50% reduction in their depression symptoms either through MBCT or treatment as usual with their mental health team (responders). The microbiome composition and function of responders were compared with participants who did not improve their depression scores (nonresponders). Depression scores were determined using the depression, anxiety, and stress score (DASS-21), and metagenomic sequencing of stool samples was performed.

Results
No difference in alpha diversity was found between responders and nonresponders. Beta diversity measures were similarly unchanged. Clinical features including fecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein, and serum IL-6 levels were unchanged.

Conclusions
In this small longitudinal study, we were not able to detect longitudinal changes in the microbiome associated with improvement in depression scores. Follow-up studies that are sufficiently powered to detect changes in the microbiome are required to confirm our results.
Water Availability and Temperature as Modifiers of Evaporative Water Loss in Tropical Frogs
Authors: Juarez Bryan H , Quintanilla-Salinas Isaac , Lacey Madison P , O'Connell Lauren A 
Published: June 2024

SynopsisWater plays a notable role in the ecology of most terrestrial organisms due to the risks associated with water loss. Specifically, water loss in terrestrial animals happens through evaporation across respiratory tissues or the epidermis. Amphibians are ideal systems for studying how abiotic factors impact water loss since their bodies often respond quickly to environmental changes. While the effect of temperature on water loss is well known across many taxa, we are still learning how temperature in combination with humidity or water availability affects water loss. Here, we tested how standing water sources (availability) and temperature (26 and 36°C) together affect water loss in anuran amphibians using a Bayesian framework. We also present a conceptual model for considering how water availability and temperature may interact, resulting in body mass changes. After accounting for phylogenetic and time autocorrelation, we determined how different variables (water loss and uptake rates, temperature, and body size) affect body mass in three species of tropical frogs (Rhinella marina, Phyllobates terribilis, and Xenopus tropicalis). We found that all variables impacted body mass changes, with greater similarities between P. terribilis and X. tropicalis, but temperature only showed a notable effect in P. terribilis. Furthermore, we describe how the behavior of P. terribilis might affect its water budget. This study shows how organisms might manage water budgets across different environments and is important for developing models of evaporative water loss and species distributions.
A model ODE for the exponential asymptotics of nonlinear parasitic capillary ripples
Authors: Shelton Josh , Trinh Philippe H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this work, we develop a linear model ordinary differential equation (ODE) to study the parasitic capillary ripples present on steep Stokes waves when a small amount of surface tension is included in the formulation. Our methodology builds upon the exponential asymptotic theory of Shelton & Trinh (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 939, 2022, A17), who demonstrated that these ripples occur beyond-all-orders of a small-surface-tension expansion. Our model equation, a linear ODE forced by solutions of the Stokes wave equation, forms a convenient tool to calculate numerical and asymptotic solutions. We show analytically that the parasitic capillary ripples that emerge in solutions to this linear model have the same asymptotic scaling and functional behaviour as those in the fully nonlinear problem. It is expected that this work will lead to the study of parasitic capillary ripples that occur in more general formulations involving viscosity or time-dependence.
Dysregulation of Stress Erythropoiesis and Enhanced Susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium Infection in Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor–Deficient Mice
Authors: Mayer Michelle , Cengiz-Dartenne Sevgi C , Thiem Manja , Hatzfeld Philip , Semeniuk Adrian , Wang Nancy , Strugnell Richard A , Förster Irmgard , Weighardt Heike 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
By acting as an environmental sensor, the ligand-induced transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) regulates acute innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens. Here, we analyzed the function of AhR in a model for chronic systemic infection with attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium (STM).

Methods
Wild type and AhR-deficient mice were infected with the attenuated STM strain TAS2010 and analyzed for bacterial burden, host defense functions, and inflammatory stress erythropoiesis.

Results
AhR-deficient mice were highly susceptible to TAS2010 infection when compared with wild type mice, as demonstrated by reduced bacterial clearance and increased mortality. STM infection resulted in macrocytic anemia and enhanced splenomegaly with destruction of the splenic architecture in AhR-deficient mice. In addition, AhR-deficient mice displayed a major expansion of splenic immature red blood cells, indicative of infection-induced stress erythropoiesis. Elevated serum levels of erythropoietin and interleukin 6 upon infection, as well as increased numbers of splenic stress erythroid progenitors already in steady state, probably drive this effect and might cause the alterations in splenic immune cell compartments, thereby preventing an effective host defense against STM in AhR-deficient mice.

Conclusions
AhR-deficient mice fail to clear chronic TAS2010 infection due to enhanced stress erythropoiesis in the spleen and accompanying destruction of the splenic architecture.
Virtual Fictional Actions
Authors: Nader Karim 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Virtual fictionalism is the view that virtual reality is a kind of fiction. We imagine that what we see and hear in virtual reality is real, although it is not. The problem with this view is that there are real moral concerns with our use of virtual reality, from violent video games to cases of virtual groping on social platforms. If what we do in virtual reality is just make-believe, the fictionalist cannot explain the real moral harms of our virtual actions. Call this the moral objection to virtual fictionalism. I address the objection in this paper by arguing for a new fictional account of virtual actions. Virtual fictionalists can take virtual actions to be happening within the fiction and consider users to act as characters or actors within the fictional world depicted in the virtual environment. Instead, I argue that virtual actions create fictional representations from outside the fiction; users act in virtual reality as an author might in their work. The alternative I present better addresses the moral objection to virtual fictionalism—it does not conflate the user with a fictional character. Our virtual actions create fictional representations, and we can morally evaluate them as such.