bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BLOOD PRESSURE AND 24-HOUR URINARY SODIUM EXCRETION IN ADULT POPULATION OF SLOVENIA
Authors: Sinigoj Petra , Jese Nina Bozic , Kabaklic Amela , Kugler Sasa , Blaznik Urska , Rehberger Marusa , Korosec Ales , Zaletel Metka , Hitij Jana Brguljan 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The aim of our cross-sectional study on a nationally representative sample of adult population was to assess 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, estimate the average salt intake and investigate its association with blood pressure.

Design and method:
A stratified two-staged sample was selected from adult, non-institutionalized inhabitants of Slovenia, aged 25–64 years, by the Statistical Office of Slovenia, using sampling from the Central Population Register. 2000 people were invited to participate in the study; the response rate was 30.4%. The study included survey questionnaire, physical measurements, 24-hour urine collection and laboratory analysis. Each participant's blood pressure was measured conventionally with a validated device (Omron M7 Intelli IT; OMRON Healthcare Co., Kyoto, Japan) by trained personnel, three measurements were performed with 1-minute breaks in between and the average of the last two was used for the final analysis. Data presented are weighted by gender, age group, education, and cohesion region.

Results:
518 participants were included in the final analysis. Men had significantly higher average systolic (130 vs. 117 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (83 vs. 79 mmHg) in comparison to women (both p<0.001). 35.2% of participants had blood pressure <120/80 mmHg (19.4% of men vs. 52.4% of women) and 25.7% had blood pressure >140/90 mmHg (32.1% of men vs. 18.8% of women). The mean 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was 168 mmol/day (95% CI 156–180), which corresponds to a mean estimated intake of 10.3 g salt/day (95% CI 9.6–11.1). Only 11.5% of participants had salt intakes <5.0 g salt/day, with statistically significant differences between genders (7.8% of men and 15.5% of women; p<0.001). Mean estimated salt intake among participants with blood pressure in the range of 140–159/90–99 stage was 11.9 g/day, which was significantly higher compared to participants with blood pressure <120/80 mmHg and 120–129/80–84 mmHg (8.9 g/day and 9.8 g/day, respectively).

Conclusions:
The salt intake in adult population of Slovenia remains much higher than recommended. Higher estimated salt intake was associated with higher blood pressure. Statistically significant differences between genders were noted, with higher salt intake and blood pressure among men.
HYPERTENSION MANAGEMENT IN GEORGIA: BRIDGING GAPS IN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSESSMENT AND BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL (SNAPSHOT STUDY)
Authors: Shaburishvili Tamaz , Bayle Sabine 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To assess management of hypertensive patients in Georgia, including cardiovascular (CV) risk and blood pressure (BP) control.

Design and method:
SNAPSHOT is a cross-sectional observational multicenter epidemiological study that included 607 hypertensive patients in Georgia. The assessment of CV risk and BP control performed by investigators was compared to evaluations based on recommendations from European guidelines (SCORE 2&OP).

Results:
Patients were recruited by 31 investigators, of which 74.2% were cardiologists, 12.9% endocrinologists, 9.7% neurologists, and 3.2% general practitioners.
The analysis included 606 patients with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 63.0 (11.6). Half patients were female (51.7%). Most patients were overweight or obese (81.8%) and non-smokers (68.8%). They had no (11.5%), one (36.6%), 2 (37.5%), 3 (14.2%), or 4 (0.2%) risk factors for hypertension. Most patients (68.4%) had additional comorbidities, mainly dyslipidemia (46.6%), coronary artery disease (35.0%) and diabetes mellitus (24.3%). Hypertension was treated in 93.9% of patients, with the most common treatments consisting of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (63.0%), diuretics (59.0%), and/or beta blockers (55.5%). The co-administration of these treatments, along with other BP-lowering medications, occurred in 37.3% (combination of 2) and 36.8% (combination of 3) of patients. Moreover, 63.9% of patients used a single-pill combination. Mean (SD) systolic and diastolic BP were 141.2 (20.8) mmHg and 84.7 (11.6) mmHg, respectively. BP was considered controlled according to the investigator in 72.0% of patients, while it was actually controlled according to guidelines in 19.1% of patients.
CV risk was assessed by the investigator as low, moderate, high, or very high in respectively 21.0%, 30.9%, 27.1%, and 21.0% of patients. According to guidelines, CV risk was mainly categorized as high (15.2%) or very high (84.6%). Therefore, there was an agreement between the 2 risk assessments in only 33.3% of cases, while the investigators underestimated the risk for 64.6% of patients.

Conclusions:
This study brought attention to significant disparities in hypertension and CV risk assessment compared to guideline recommendations. This emphasized the importance of adhering to established guidelines for medical assessments to enhance the effectiveness of hypertension management in Georgia.
THE ROLE OF TYG INDEX AS PREDICTOR OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AMONG YOUNG TO-MIDDLE-AGE STAGE I HYPERTENSIVES
Authors: Saladini Francesca , Mos Lucio , Vriz Olga , Rattazzi Marcello , Mazzer Andrea , Cozzio Susanna , Palatini Paolo 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The triglyceride-glucose index (TYG), a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, was shown to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events among people with diabetes or the metabolic syndrome, while its prognostic capacity among young hypertensives is less explored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of TYG as predictor of cardiovascular outcomes among young stage I hypertensives, untreated at baseline.

Design and method:
We investigated 1210 subjects from the HARVEST study, mean age 33.1±8.5 years, 72.8% males. TYG was calculated according to the usual formula. BP was measured with 24-hour ambulatory monitoring. For the analyses, patients were divided into TYG quartiles: 7.008-8.061, 8.063-8.423, 8.424-8.690, 8.691-10.678, respectively. The risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was explored by means of survival Cox analyses adjusting for several confounders and risk factors, including lifestyle factors, 24-hour BP and cholesterol.

Results:
TYG was correlated with BMI (r=0.348, p<0.001), age (0.237, p<0.001), serum uric acid (r=0.349, p<0.001), total cholesterol (r=0.422, p<0.001) and HDL-cholesterol (-0.393, p<0.001), and diastolic BP (0.132, p<0.001). Subjects in the top TYG quartile had the highest percentage of smokers (p<0.001), coffee users (p=0.038) and alcohol drinkers (p=0.010). TYG was significantly correlated with left ventricle mass index (r=0.08, p=0.021), left ventricular septum thickness (r=0.15, p<0.001), and posterior wall thickness (r=0.17, p<0.001). During 17.4 years of follow-up, 108 MACE were accrued. In multivariate Cox analysis the risk of MACE was higher in the two highest TYG quartiles than in the bottom quartile. For the top quartile the hazard ratio was 2.46 (95%CI, 1.17-5.20, p=0.018). The association remained significant also when the lifestyle factors were included in the regression with a hazard ratio of 2.43 (95%CI, 1.14-5.17, p=0.022). This was driven mainly by the strong association found in men with a hazard ratio of 4.84 (95%CI, 1.63-14.39, p=0.004).

Conclusions:
TYG index is a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, easy to calculate, which significantly correlates with several other metabolic parameters and with left ventricular wall thickness and mass. It is a predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes especially in male individuals.
PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATIONS OF HYPERTENSION DETECTION, TREATMENT AND CONTROL IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Peer Nasheeta , Levitt Naomi , George Jaya , Lombard Carl , Kengne Andre -Pascal 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Hypertension prevalence is high and rising in South Africa; however, hypertension care remains sub-optimal. The aim was to determine, among participants with hypertension, the prevalence and associations of hypertension care (detection, treatment and control) in Cape Town.

Design and method:
This randomly selected community-based cross-sectional study was conducted across five townships in Cape Town using a 3-stage cluster sampling procedure. Cardiovascular disease risk factors were determined by administered questionnaires, clinical measurements and fasting biochemical analyses, including oral glucose tolerance tests. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure >=140/90 mmHg or known hypertension on treatment. The Chronic kidney disease (CKD) Epidemiology Collaboration equation was used to define CKD as glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m2. Separate logistic regression models evaluated the associations with hypertension detection, treatment and control. Each model comprised sociodemographic characteristics, family history of hypertension, obesity (body mass index >=30 kg/m2), problem drinking, daily tobacco smoking and comorbidities of diabetes, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and CKD.

Results:
Among 460 participants with hypertension, 50.7 (SD±12.1) years, hypertension detection (62.4%), treatment (47.2%) and control (27%) were sub-optimal, and rates were better in women (73.6%, 58.9%, 34.8%, respectively) compared with men (41.6%, 25.5%, 12.4%) (p<0.001 for all). Hypertension detection among participants with hypertension was associated with increasing age (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.04-1.09), female gender (OR: 3.20, 95%CI:1.75-5.84), urbanisation (OR:1.01), family history of hypertension (OR: 1.77, 95%CI:1.06-2.94), and co-morbidities of diabetes (OR: 3.30, 95%CI: 1.70-6.42) and CKD (OR: 5.04, 95%CI: 1.07-23.64). Participants in the lowest wealth tertile were less likely to have their hypertension detected (OR: 0.56, 95%CI: 0.29-0.95). Hypertension treatment was associated with increasing age, female gender, low education, family history of hypertension, diabetes and CKD. Hypertension control was associated with increasing age, female gender and comorbid diabetes.

Conclusions:
Participants who were older, female, and with co-morbidities were more likely to have better hypertension care overall, while the poorest participants were less likely to have their hypertension detected. Strategies are required to ensure equitable distribution of hypertension care and target individuals less likely to use healthcare services. In-depth research is required to understand the contributors to suboptimal hypertension care.
PREVALENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN KAZAKHSTAN FOR 2013-2020
Authors: Markabayeva Akbayan , Kerimkulova Aiman , Nurpeissova Riza , Ospanova Ainur , Zekenova Yerkezhan 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to study the incidence and mortality of diseases of the circulatory system for 2013-2020 in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Design and method:
A statistical analysis of morbidity and mortality rates was carried out based on the statistical collections of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan -Health of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the activities of healthcare organizations, the Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2013 - 2020.

Results:
In Kazakhstan, according to the official data of the Ministry of Health, the overall incidence rate of diseases of the circulatory system (CSD) increased from 18683.6 cases per 100 thousand of the population in 2013 to 26306.2 cases in 2020, and the primary incidence - from 3315, 7 cases (of which: coronary heart disease - 500.6; acute myocardial infarction - 57.5; cerebrovascular disease - 208.1; arterial hypertension - 1665.9) to 4378.6 (of which: coronary heart disease - 604, 2; acute myocardial infarction - 127.6; cerebrovascular diseases - 433.7; arterial hypertension - 2138.9) cases, respectively.
The mortality rate from CSD decreased from 207.4 cases (of which coronary heart disease - 70.75 and stroke 71.90 cases) per 100 thousand population in 2013 to 193.79 (of which coronary heart disease - 67, 57 and stroke 66.57) cases in 2020.

Conclusions:
In Kazakhstan in 2013-2020, there has been an increase in the overall incidence of diseases of the circulatory system by 40%, and the primary incidence of diseases of the circulatory system by 32%. However, the mortality rate from diseases of the circulatory system over the years has decreased to 37.4%.
HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES DUAL SCREENING ACTION BY A TERRITORIAL PROFESSIONAL HEALTHCARE COMMUNITY (CPTS) USING MAY MEASUREMENT MONTH (MMM) 2023 PROTOCOL: THE FUTURE?
Authors: Lopez-sublet Marilucy , Brieux Cecile , Bouziz Mark , Stanic Silvi , Thomas Christian , Bozec Agnes Le , Leprieur Benedicte Giroux , Nguyen Rosaline , Sariya Rashida , Soare Synthia , Kabla Marina , Dhote Robin , Hilal Yassine , Moysan Mathilde 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
In France, there are 17 million hypertensive (25.5% of the population) and 3.6 million diabetics (5.4% of the population). This prevalence is higher in precarious populations such as those in Seine-Saint-Denis. In response to these findings, the Bobigny-Bondy CPTS, in collaboration with our ESH center, has set up a 7-stage screening program (one of which incorporates MMM protocol adapted in French by the French Society of Hypertension (SFHTA)) for these two chronic diseases.
The aim of our study is to disseminate data obtained from a sample of adults in Seine-Saint-Denis during joint ’Hypertension and diabetes’ screening actions in 2023.

Design and method:
Seven stages of action with our population were carried out (reception, biometry, nurse interview, dietetic interview, associative interview, medical interview) (1. Diagram). The MMM protocol, adapted in French by the SFHTA, was also proposed to each participant.

Results:
General anonymous data for this population of 469 subjects (including 275 F) are summarize in Table (2). In this population, 38.6% declared hypertension. Of the non-hypertensive sample (n=279), 24.4% of participants presented with averages above 140/90 mmHg and 10.4% with grade 2 hypertension. As for diabetes, 18.8% of the sample claimed to be diabetic, and 8.3% of fasting participants presented with blood glucose levels suggestive of diabetes.
This joint city/hospital screening program, initiated by a CPTS, confirms the high prevalence of these pathologies in our population, with more than half the participants screened concerned with hypertension and more than a quarter concerned with diabetes.

Conclusions:
Developing prevention and screening actions according to the needs of a population is a priority mission for CPTSs. In the case of hypertension, the MMM kit proposed by the SFHTA has helped to establish part of the framework for action. Ministerial health authorities will need to provide more resources to encourage screening not only for diabetes, but also for frequent cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, since their association can be ’explosive’, as in the case of COVID.
HYPERTENSION SCREENING FROM A COMMUNITY-BASED CARE PROGRAM TO REDUCE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN COLOMBIA: RE-HOPE, A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Uribe Maria Gabriela Ruiz , Montoya Isabela Gomez , Quiñones Daniela Hernandez , Bello Daniel Martinez , Wandurraga Johanna Otero , Hernandez Alvaro Castañeda , Lopez-lopez Jose Patricio , Lopez-jaramillo Patricio 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and undiagnosed hypertension and its associated risk factors in people aged 18 to 75 years in the department of Santander, Colombia.

Design and method:
A community-based program was designed, and the first phase was carried from May to November 2023. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised demographic and socio-economic variables, behavioral measurements, history of raised blood pressure, co-morbidities, and physical measurements. Hypertension screening was performed by averaging three values obtained by an automated electronic monitor in three observations. Collected data were analyzed using JASP 0.17.2.1, and descriptive statistics like frequency, percentages, central tendency (mean) measures, and standard deviations were performed to describe study participants.

Results:
A total of 6305 adults were screened with a mean age of 57.3 years (SD 17.9), 64.25% were women. 3130 (54.3%) individuals were identified as hypertensive, of whom 76% reported a previous diagnosis, 89.5% were on pharmacological treatment, and 38.4% had blood pressure in the control range. Ninety-three percent of those with hypertension were part of the subsidized health system. Of the hypertensive participants, 44.5% were overweight or obese and 24.6% reported doing at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week. When asked about tobacco use, 17% of the hypertensive patients had history of smoking and 4.7% were active smokers. 101 subjects reported having had an acute myocardial infarction, 25 had a cerebrovascular event, 80 had heart failure, and 451 had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions:
Half of the Colombian adult population studied suffers from hypertension. A high percentage is on pharmacological treatment, but control rates are low. This highlights the importance of new strategies to identify and improve the factors that influence the adequate control of hypertension.
HIGH PREVALENCE OF ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERURICEMIA IN RURAL POPULATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSIVE STATUS
Authors: Josipovic Josipa , Abramovic Mirta , Matijevic Vesna , Fucek Mirjana , Domislovic Marija , Kos Jelena , Vrkic Tajana Zeljkovic , Jelakovic Ana , Pecin Ivan , Jelakovic Bojan 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The serum uric acid (SUA) has an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and it is associated with risk for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. There is no consensus for treatment of asymptomatic SUA. The aim of our study was to investigate prevalence and predictors for asymptomatic hyperuricemia in general rural adult population (ENAH rural study).

Design and method:
In this cross-sectional survey we included 773 from the original ENAH cohort (men 34.8%, average age 59 ys) who completed structured questionnaire, were clinically examined, fasting blood was drawn and urine samples were collected. Blood pressure (BP) was measurement according to the ESH guidelines. Subjects were divided into 4 groups: treated controlled hypertensives (TCHT 25.4%), treated uncontrolled hypertensives (TUHT 24.9%), untreated hypertensives (UTHT 14.2%) and untreated normotensives (UTNT 35.3%). Thresholds values for hyperuricemia were defined as >333 umol/L for men and >300 umol/L for women.

Results:
The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 45.5%. It was more common in men, subjects with eGFR CKD EPI < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, TCHT/TUHT, those with uricostatics, and diuretic therapy (52%, p<0.001; 18%, p<0.001; 68%, p<0.001; 11%, p=0.01; 6%, p=0.002, respectively). Subjects with hyperuricemia were older, had higher values of BP and lower eGFR CKD Epi (p<0.001 for all). In bivariate logistic regression, age, male gender, SBP/DBP, hypertensive status (TUHT>TCHT>UNHT), and diuretic therapy increase, while antihypertensive therapy and eGFR CKD Epi >60 ml/min/1.73 m2 decrease the risk for hyperuricemia. With the progression of CKD, risk for hyperuricemia increases, starting from CKD G2 (p<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression, only male gender, and hypertensive status (TCHT >TUHT> UNHT) increase the odds for hyperuricemia, TCHT {OR 4.69, 95% CI (2.98 – 7.40), p<0.001} and TUHT {OR 4.37, 95%CI (2.7-6.82), p<0.001} being the most predictive.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of asymptomatic hyperuricemia in rural population is very high. Male gender and hypertensive status independently increase the risk for hyperuricemia in Croatian rural population.
HYPERTENSION, ETHNIC ORIGIN, IMMIGRATION AND ACCULTURATION
Authors: Goldbourt Uri , Grossman Ehud 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the association between ethnic origin, immigration and acculturation and the rate of hypertension.

Design and method:
We assessed the rate of hypertension in male workers who immigrated to Israel before 1963 and followed them through 1996 in Israel. Age at entry was 40 to 70 years.
10, 059 male municipal workers and civil servants in Israel, underwent extensive assessment in 1963, 1965 and 1968. 86% had migrated from 4 continents to the area subsequently included in Israel according to the UN decision. We evaluated the rate of hypertension as was defined by the WHO at that time (SBP>=160 or DBP>=95). We followed these individuals during their stay in Israel and evaluated the rate of hypertension during the follow-up.

Results:
Logistic regression yielded estimated odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension, adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI) of 1.18 (CI 95%, 1.02-1.37) and 1.37 (CI 1.17-1.61) and 1.30 (CI 1.12-1.51) among men who had migrated from Eastern Europe, Central Europe and Balkan states, respectively, compared to the non-migrants, i.e. study participants born in in 1923 or earlier at the eventual 1948 territory of Israel.
Upon further adjustment for length of stay in the country since immigration, the above estimates were altered significantly. Adjusted hypertension rates for the European born men closely resembled those of the Israeli born. Conversely, the above adjustment yielded ORs of 0.87 (CI 95%, 0.76-0.99) and 0.79 (CI 0.68-0.93) for hypertension in migrants from the Mideast Asian countries and North African ones, respectively, adjusted for age and BMI and number of years in the country.

Conclusions:
Changes in living conditions; striving to accommodate altered targets in a multi-language society, where achievement of senior administrative and academic position may depend on acculturation; exposure to altered systems of education for the younger generation and its effects on the parents; even certain changes in dietary habits, might all play a role on health parameters, including blood pressure.