bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic antitumor effects of lenalidomide and rituximab on mantle cell lymphoma in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Liang , Qian Zhengzi , Cai Zhen , Sun Luhong , Wang Huaqing , Bartlett J. Blake , Yi Qing , Wang Michael 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRituximab (RTX), a chimeric anti‐CD20 antibody, is associated with direct induction of apoptosis and antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) with clinical efficacy in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Lenalidomide (LEN), a novel immunomodulatory agent, sensitizes tumor cells and enhances ADCC. Our study attempted to elucidate the mechanism of LEN‐enhanced RTX‐mediated cytotoxicity of MCL cells. We found that LEN and RTX induced growth inhibition of both cultured and fresh primary MCL cells. LEN enhanced RTX‐induced apoptosis via upregulating phosphorylation of c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinases (JNK), Bcl‐2, Bad; increasing release of cytochrome‐c; enhancing activation of caspase‐3, ‐8, ‐9 and cleavage of PARP. Meanwhile, LEN activated NK cells and increased CD16 expression on CD56lowCD16+ NK cells. Whole PBMCs but not NK cell‐depleted PBMCs treated with LEN augmented 30% of RTX‐dependent cytotoxicity. Daily treatment with LEN increased NK cells by 10‐folds in SCID mice, and combination of LEN and RTX decreased tumor burden and prolonged survival of MCL‐bearing SCID mice. Taken together, our study demonstrates that LEN plus RTX provides a synergistically therapeutic effect on MCL cells by enhancing apoptosis and RTX‐dependent NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity and may be an optimal combination in the clinical trial of relapsed or refractory MCL. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variation across the agricultural season in organophosphorus pesticide urinary metabolite levels for Latino farmworkers in eastern North Carolina: Project design and descriptive results
Authors: Arcury Thomas A. , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Chen Haiying , Vallejos Quirina M. , Galván Leonardo , Whalley Lara E. , Isom Scott , Barr Dana B. , Quandt Sara A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundCommunity Participatory Approach to Measuring Farmworker Pesticide Exposure, PACE3, used a longitudinal design to document pesticide biomarkers among farmworkers. This article presents an overview of PACE3 and provides a descriptive analysis of participant characteristics and one set of pesticide biomarkers, the dialkylphosphate (DAP) urinary metabolites of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides.MethodsTwo hundred eighty seven farmworkers were recruited during 2007 from 44 farmworker camps in 11 eastern North Carolina counties. Participants provided interviews, urine samples, blood samples, and saliva samples up to four times at monthly intervals beginning in May. A total of 939 data points were collected.ResultsFarmworkers were largely men (91.3%) from Mexico (94.8%) with a mean age of 33.7 years (SE 0.82); 23.3% spoke an indigenous language. Across all data points, frequencies of detection and median urinary concentrations were 41.3% and 0.96 µg/L for dimethylphosphate (DMP), 78.3% and 3.61 µg/L for dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), 33.3% and 0.04 µg/L for dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP), 40.5% and 0.87 µg/L for diethylphosphate (DEP), 32.3% and 0.17 µg/L for diethylthiophosphate (DETP), and 8.09% and 0.00 µg/L for diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP). The frequencies of detection and urinary concentrations of the DAP metabolites increased during the season.ConclusionsMore PACE3 participants were from Mexico, male, migrant workers, and spoke an indigenous language compared to national data. PACE3 participants had comparable frequencies of detection and urinary metabolite concentrations with participants in other studies. Variability in the frequencies of detection and urinary concentrations of the DAP metabolites indicates the importance of longitudinal studies of biomarkers of currently used pesticides in farmworker populations. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:539–550, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimating the probability of de novo HD cases from transmissions of expanded penetrant CAG alleles in the Huntington disease gene from male carriers of high normal alleles (27–35 CAG)
Authors: Hendricks Audrey E. , Latourelle Jeanne C. , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Cupples L. Adrienne , Wheeler Vanessa , MacDonald Marcy E. , Gusella James F. , Myers Richard H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHuntington disease (HD) is a dominantly transmitted neurodegenerative disorder that arises from expansion of a CAG trinucleotide repeat on chromosome 4p16.3. CAG repeat allele lengths are defined as fully penetrant at ≥40, reduced penetrance at 36–39, high normal at 27–35, and normal at ≤26. Fathers, but not mothers, with high normal alleles are at risk of transmitting potentially penetrant HD alleles (≥36) to offspring. We estimated the conditional probability of an offspring inheriting an expanded penetrant allele given a father with a high normal allele by applying probability definitions and rules to estimates of HD incidence, paternal birth rate, frequency of de novo HD, and frequency of high normal alleles in the general population. The estimated probability that a male high normal allele carrier will have an offspring with an expanded penetrant allele ranges from 1/6,241 to 1/951. These estimates may be useful in genetic counseling for male high normal allele carriers. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic linkage of region containing theCREB1gene to depressive disorders in families with recurrent, early‐onset, major depression: A re‐analysis and confirmation of sex‐specific effect
Authors: Maher Brion S. , Hughes Hugh B. , Zubenko Wendy N. , Zubenko George S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA previously published model‐free linkage analysis of chromosome 2q33–35, highlighted by previous case–control studies and supported by within‐family analyses employing the transmission disequilibrium test, revealed evidence of sex‐specific linkage of theCREB1‐containing region of 2q to unipolar mood disorders among women in 81 recurrent, early‐onset, major depressive disorder (RE‐MDD) families. Since it has been reported that the LODPAL program from S.A.G.E. v.4.0 used to conduct this previous linkage analysis suffers from an increased type I error rate that is exacerbated by covariates such as sex, we re‐analyzed the evidence for this sex‐specific linkage result using a simulation approach to estimate the empirical significance of our previous results. The results continue to support sex‐specific linkage of theCREB1region to mood disorders among women from families with RE‐MDD. Moreover, these results have been supported by a host of additional published findings that implicate sequence variations inCREB1in the sex‐dependent development of syndromic mood disorders, as well as related clinical features and disorders. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiobjective optimization of molded LDPE foams characteristics using genetic algorithm
Authors: Chedly S. , Chettah A. , Ichchou M. N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article concerns the injection manufacturing process of molded foam sheets and their intrinsic shock and noise performances. The main goal is to optimize the physical performances of molded plastic foams at an early stage in their design and manufacturing. The effects of injection process parameters on the properties of molded LDPE foams are investigated. The input optimization parameters considered are as follows: injection temperature, mold temperature, injection speed, plasticization back pressure, and screw rotation speed during the plasticization phase. The output optimization parameters considered are as follows: density, shock absorption, and acoustic absorption. The experimental design method made use of the central composition design. This allows us to identify simplified mathematical models for input/output and to detect the most influential input in the injection process. Ultimately, models are used to carry out multiobjective optimization of injected foams characteristics in the presence of a few constraints on decision variables. This optimization is done using a very robust technique, NSGA‐II. Several two‐objective functions involving sometimes the maximization and other times minimization of foam characteristics have been studied to illustrate the procedures and explain and interpret the results obtained. One needs to solve several simpler optimization problems with just one or two decision variables (smaller amount of freedom), to gain insight and to provide help in formulating the more general multiobjective optimization problem. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Preparation of poly(butyl acrylate)‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (core‐shell)/phosphor composite particles and its application in PVC matrix
Authors: Chen Tonghua , Xu Peng , Luo Yongyue , Jiang Long , Dan Yi , Zhang Li , Zhao Kun 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLuminescent poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastics filling with long afterglow phosphor (SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+) were prepared via melt blending. To improve the dispersion degree of the phosphor particles and endow the compatibility with PVC matrix, SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ was first grafted with poly(butyl acrylate)‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (core‐shell) (designed as PMMA(PBA)) by in situ emulsion polymerization. The properties of polymer/phosphor composite particles were characterized by fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the polymer had grafted onto the phosphor by chemical bond and the grating ratio was about 6.3%. The results for PVC plastics characterized by scanning electron microscopy show that the interfacial adhesion was enhanced with filling the polymer/phosphor composite particles and the compatibility of phosphor with PVC matrix was improved by coating with PMMA(PBA). And the luminescent PVC plastics filled with PMMA(PBA)/phosphor composite particles show improved mechanical properties and higher phosphorescence when the filling content was more than 3 phr compared with the unmodified phosphor. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Dynamic mechanical analysis of the interfacial changes in polypropylene/talc composites induced by different interfacial modifications from the reinforcement side
Authors: García‐Martínez J. M. , Areso S. , Taranco J. , Collar E. P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article is intended to establish a comprehensive interpretation of the noticeable differences in the dynamic mechanical behaviors of polypropylene/talc composites with and without modified interphases. The latter are discussed on the basis of different surface treatments applied to the reinforcement particles. To this end, a series of 75/25 (w/w) polypropylene/talc composites with and without interfacial modifications from the reinforcement side were evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis. The proven capability of this technique analysis to follow the transitions and structural and morphological changes in organic polymers, which are largely influenced by the degree of compatibility between the components of heterogeneous materials based on polymers, was used in this study to check and discuss the kinds and efficiencies of different physisorption‐ and chemisorption‐based processes carried out on the surface of talc particles. We tackled this study by embracing the different relaxation phenomena taking place in the polymer matrix. To this end, five different temperature intervals were distinguished according to the relaxation phenomena taking place. Finally, a correlation between the parameters on the microscopic scale and others on the macroscopic scale appeared to emerge. Thus, the interfacial effects caused by the modified reinforcements could be determined by observations on either scale. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Ceric‐initiated free radical graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto kappa carrageenan
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Hossein 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe polysaccharide, kappa carrageenan (kC), was modified using ceric‐initiated graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) under inert atmosphere in a homogeneous aqueous medium. Grafting was confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy, solubility test, elemental analysis, acid hydrolysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). kC‐graft‐poly(AN) products had a higher thermal stability than kC as revealed by TGA analysis. The polyacrylonitrile branches were isolated by acidic degradation of the carrageenan main chains and characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Residual monomers were not found by HPLC in graft copolymers stored even for longer periods. The effect of various factors affecting on grafting, i.e., concentration of the initiator, monomer, and polysaccharide as well as the reaction time and temperature were studied by conventional methods to achieve the optimum grafting parameters. The graft copolymerization reactions were kinetically investigated using semi‐empirical expressions and a suitable rate expression has been derived. According to the empirical rates of the polymerization and the graft copolymerization of AN onto kC backbone, the overall activation energy of the graft copolymerization reaction was estimated to be 20.96 kJ/mol. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Constant rotational rheological behaviors of the PAN/DMSO/nonsolvent systems
Authors: Du Weiping , Chen Huifang , Xu Yurun , Pan Ding 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe constant rotational rheological behaviors of PAN/DMSO solutions with two kinds of nonsolvent (water and ethanol) have been investigated, respectively, using a cone‐plate rheometer. From viscosity measurements, the flow behavior was described within the shear rate range 0.1–1000 s−1. The PAN solutions show shear thinning at high shear rates. The viscosities of the solutions decreased with the rising of the temperature at low shear rate. H2O content has great influence on the viscosity of the solutions, depending on the hydration of H2O and PAN or desolvent effect, according to different H2O content. The role of ethanol compared with H2O was also researched and higher viscosity was found. Non‐Newtonian index, structural viscosity index Δη, and flow activation energy of the PAN/DMSO/H2O systems were also studied. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Thermal decomposition kinetics of poly(nButMA‐b‐St) diblock copolymer synthesized by ATRP
Authors: Kurt Adnan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe reaction mechanism of decomposition process and the kinetic parameters of the poly(n‐butyl methacrylate‐b‐styrene), poly(nButMA‐b‐St), diblock copolymer synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at different heating rates. TGA curves showed that the thermal decomposition occurred in one stage. The apparent activation energies of thermal decomposition for copolymer, as determined by the Kissinger's, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Tang methods, which does not require knowledge of the reaction mechanism (RM), were 112.52, 116.54, and 113.41 kJ/mol, respectively. The experimental results were compared with master plots, in the range of the Doyle approximation. Analysis of experimental results suggests that in the conversion range studied, 3–18%, the actual RM is an A2 sigmoidal type. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Thermal degradation analysis of polyamide 6 processed at different cycles using sequential pyrolysis
Authors: Parres Francisco , Crespo José Enrique , Nadal‐Gisbert Antonio 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe principal product from the degradation of polyamide 6 (PA6) is caprolactam, which is a consequence of the intramolecular exchange (cyclization) of PA6. The information obtained from certain thermal analysis techniques, such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), is not sufficiently detailed to study the degradation suffered by PA6 in function of these processes, whereas the study of this degradation using other more precise techniques (sequential pyrolysis) and the application of models (Guggenheim and Kezdy‐Jaz‐Bruylants methods) gives us more detailed information on the level of degradation in the many and diverse PA6 analyzed.© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Mechanical properties and water absorption of fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites prepared by bagasse and beech fiber
Authors: Nourbakhsh Amir , Kouhpayehzadeh Mojgan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe present study investigates the tensile, flexural, notched Izod impact, and water absorption properties of bagasse and beech reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites as a function of fiber content. The surface of fibers was modified through the use of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent. From this study, it was found that mechanical properties increase with an increase in fiber loading in both cases. However, the addition of wood fibers resulted in a decrease in impact strength of the composites. The water absorption property at varying fiber loading was evaluated and found maximum for the BA/PP composites. The weight gains for all specimens were less than 7%. In general, the results showed the usefulness of bagasse fiber as a good alternative and reinforcing agent for composite. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Monitoring the stability of nanosized silica dispersions in presence of polycations by a novel centrifugal sedimentation method
Authors: Petzold Gudrun , Goltzsche Christine , Mende Mandy , Schwarz Simona , Jaeger Werner 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe stability of Aerosil‐silica dispersions is analyzed in dependence on the addition of polycations with different charge density and hydrophobic modification using the analytical centrifuge LUMiSizer. This novel centrifugal sedimentation method allows the direct calculation of the stability parameters like sedimentation velocity and prediction of the shelf life. The highly charged polycation poly (diallyl‐dimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) is compared with tailored cationic polyelectrolytes of equal degree of polymerization but lower and different charge density as well as various hydrophobic substitutions. The used technique allows to accelerate demixing and to quantify the stability of dispersions in a direct way. All polymers under study are able to stabilize aerosil dispersions, but the shelf life strongly depends on the polymer concentration. Typically for polycations, the stability increases with the polymer concentration whereas at low‐polymer content flocculation can be detected. In this context, the behavior of PDADMAC and three cationic PVB derivatives is similar, but, whereas the stability of PDADMAC containing dispersions decreases at higher polymer concentrations, PVB derivatives are effective stabilizers at higher concentrations too. The highest increase of the stability with increasing polymer concentration is obtained with the ampholytic terpolymer TP that has the lowest cationic charge. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Compatibilization of low‐density polyethylene/cassava starch blends by potassium persulfate and benzoyl peroxide
Authors: Tanrattanakul Varaporn , Panwiriyarat Wannarat 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLow‐density polyethylene (LDPE) was melt‐blended with native cassava starch in an internal mixer. The unplasticized starch content was in the range of 30–70 wt %. Potassium persulfate and benzoyl peroxide were used as initiators to generate free radicals in starch and LDPE, leading to graft copolymerization during melt blending. An enhancement of interfacial adhesion due to initiators was observed directly in scanning electron micrographs and was proven indirectly with many experiments, including tensile property testing, tear strength testing, water absorption testing, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and soil burial testing. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of all blend compositions increased with the addition of initiators, whereas the tear strength increased in blends containing 50 wt % or more starch. The water uptake of the samples decreased significantly when initiators were added. Starch exhibited a strong effect on the α‐relaxation process of LDPE. Blends containing initiators provided higher α‐relaxation temperatures than blends without initiators. The increase in the interfacial adhesion of the blends also affected the biodegradation of starch. A lesser biodegradation rate of starch was observed in the blends containing initiators; this was shown by a reduction in the weight loss and more starch left in the samples after soil burial testing. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis, in‐vitro Microbial and Cytotoxic Studies of New Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Harisha Reddy S. , Hosamani Kallappa M. , Keri Rangappa S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSeveral new classes of benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for in‐vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The results showed that all synthesized compounds exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity, and compounds 2, 4, and 13 displayed cytotoxic activity (as LD50) at the concentration 1×10–3 M against Artemia salina.
Effects of linear, ambient wind shear on simulated mammatus‐like clouds
Authors: Kanak Katharine M. , Straka Jerry M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA suite of numerical experiments is conducted to extend our previous studies to explore the effects of linear, ambient wind shear on simulated mammatus‐like clouds. Increasing values of unidirectional shear result in banded cloud bases, and for the strongest shears roll‐type quasi‐two‐dimensional convection results rather than three‐dimensional lobe morphology. Two observed soundings were used, and the sounding with a drier, shallower sub‐cloud layer appeared to be most strongly affected by the presence of the ambient shear. The drier sounding also had less snow in the mammatus lobes owing to sublimation. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Weitwinkel – Nahaufnahme: Zeitperspektiven in der Wissenschaftsgeschichte
Authors: Wahrig Bettina 
Published: June 2009

AbstractClose‐Ups and Long Shots: Perspectives on Time in the History of Science. In the last decade, historians of science have shown a growing interest in the question of time. Especially when looking at the huge amount of valuable work performed within the methodological frames of microhistory, experimental and social history of science, the question has come up how to re‐integrate ‘longue‐durée‐perspectives’ into historiography of science. The Society for History of Science has dedicated its 45th symposion (1 to 3 Mai 2008) in Halle to this question. This introduction deals with the problems of different and may be incommensurable modes of ‘being‐in‐time’. How can different perspectives on time be combined, how can “close‐ups”, together with “long shots” (Gianna Pomata) make sense in the history of science? The quest for a narrative transporting the simultaneity of the non‐simultaneous, or, as Koselleck's “Zeitschichten” could be translated, of different layers of time, may start with a criticism of the homogeneous and empty time (Benjamin) and its colonizing connotations, or, with re‐examining historiographical concepts of discontinuity (e.g. scientific revolutions, breaks, eras and epochs) and their relationship to concepts of continuity. Recent accounts in the history of science have insisted on the non‐disposability (Unverfügbarkeit) of historical events, on their contingency. And this is possibly an effect of the different time‐structures of the objects of historiography.