bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of US‐based franchising in the developing world: a middle‐eastern consumer perspective
Authors: Grünhagen Marko , Witte Carl L. , Pryor Susie 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of US‐based franchising in the Middle Eastern context of Egypt. In a review of the franchise literature, micro‐ and macro‐level effects are identified and categorized across social, economic, cultural, political, and marketplace dimensions. A qualitative analysis using focus groups of Middle Eastern consumers was conducted. Clear evidence of “consumer agency” as a transformative force in the globalization process is revealed. In addition to confirming consumer agency findings from previous research, this study also indicates a sequential progression of product adoption over time along Eckhardt and Mahi's (2004) consumer agency categories. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The utility of trans‐catheter aortic valve replacement after commercialization: Does the European experience provide a glimpse into the future use of this technology in the United States?
Authors: Linke Axel , Walther Thomas , Schuler Gerhard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTreatment of aortic stenosis remains challenging in older individuals, as their perioperative mortality for open heart surgery is increased due to comorbidities. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the CoreValve ReValving System (Medtronic, Minneapolis, USA) and the Edwards SAPIEN transcatheter heart valve (THV; Edwards Lifescience, Irvine, California, USA) represents an alternative to conventional valve replacement in elderly patients that have a high risk for conventional surgery. This article summarizes the evidence‐base from recent clinical trials. The early results of these landmark studies suggest that transcatheter aortic valve implantation with either one of the prosthesis is feasible, safe, improves hemodynamics and, therefore, might be an alternative to conventional aortic valve replacement in very high‐risk patients. However, all of the available transcatheter heart valves have certain disadvantages, limiting their use in daily clinical practice. The process of decision making, which valve to use and which access route to choose is illustrated in this article through clinical case scenarios. Additionally, the lessons learned thus far from the European perspective and the potential impact on the future use in the US are discussed. Despite of the progress in this field, we are still lacking an optimal transcatheter heart valve. Once it is available, we can take the plunge to compare transcatheter valve implantation with convention surgery in severe aortic stenosis! © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scanning electron microscopic analysis of different drug eluting stents after failed implantation: From nearly undamaged to major damaged polymers
Authors: Wiemer Marcus , Butz Thomas , Schmidt Wolfram , Schmitz Klaus‐Peter , Horstkotte Dieter , Langer Christoph 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground: Implantation of drug eluting stents (DES) in tortuous and/or calcified vessels is much more demanding compared with implantation of bare metal stents (BMS) due to their larger diameters. It is unknown whether drug eluting stent coatings get damaged while crossing these lesions. Methods: In 42 patients (34 male, 68.1 ± 10 years) with 45 calcified lesions (15.9 mm ± 7.9 mm), DES could not be implanted, even after predilatation. Diabetes was present in 19 patients (45 %). Sixty‐one stents were used; 19 Cypher select™, 18 Taxus Liberté™, 10 CoStar™, 5 Endeavor RX™, 4 Xience V™. 3 Janus Carbostent™, 1 Yukon Choice S™, and 1 Axxion™ DES. The entire accessible surface area of these stents, in either the unexpanded and expanded state, were examined with an environmental scanning electron microscope (XL30 ESEM, Philips) to evaluate polymer or surface damage. Results: The polymers of Taxus Liberte, Cypher Select, Xience V, CoStar, and Janus DES were only slightly damaged (less than 3% of surface area), whereas the Endeavor RX Stents showed up to 20% damaged surface area. In DES without a polymer (Yukon and Axxion), it could be shown that most of the stent surface (up to 40%) were without any layer of drug. Conclusion: Placement of drug eluting stents in tortuous vessels and/or calcified lesions could cause major surface damage by scratching and scraping of the polymer or drug by the arterial wall, even before implantation. There were remarkable differences among the stents examined, only minor damage with the Cypher, Taxus Costar, Janus, and Xience V, whereas the Endeavor, the Yukon, and the Janus DES showed large areas of surface injury. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Competing Intermolecular Interactions in the High‐Temperature Solid Phases of Even Saturated Carboxylic Acids (C10H19O2H to C20H39O2H)
Authors: Moreno‐Calvo Evelyn , Gbabode Gabin , Cordobilla Raquel , Calvet Teresa , Cuevas‐Diarte Miquel Àngel , Negrier Philippe , Mondieig Denise 
Published: October 2009

AbstractStructural knowledge of the high‐temperature phases of saturated carboxylic acids (CnH2n−1O2H) from C6H11O2H to C23H45O2H is now complete. Crystal structures of the high‐temperature phases of even acids from decanoic (C10H19O2H) to eicosanoic (C20H39O2H) are reported. The crystal structures of the six compounds were determined from powder X‐ray diffraction data following direct space methods and refined by the Rietveld method combined with force field geometry optimization. The combination proved to be a valuable approach to obtain structures that are chemically sensible and in close agreement with the powder pattern. At the end of the process solid‐state DFT calculations were applied to improve the overall accuracy of the system but in this case DFT did not render better structures. The high‐temperature solid phases of even carboxylic acids are all P21/c with Z=4, the molecules are united into dimers via strong hydrogen bonds. Two major types of interactions govern the crystal packing of carboxylic acids, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. A survey of the intermolecular interactions has revealed that hydrogen bonds are the dominant interaction for acids with less than 23 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain while van der Waals interactions dominate the packing for acids with more than 23 carbon atoms.
Plasmamodifizierung von Polybenzimidazol‐Polymermembranen für die PEM‐Brennstoffzelle
Authors: Scheffler R. , Hübner G. , Seyfried F. , Wark M. , Caro J. , Schröder K. , Steffen H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFür Anwendungen in Polymerelektrolytbrennstoffzellen haben Polybenzimidazol (PBI)‐Membranen den Nachteil, dass sie eine hohe Beladung mit dem Elektrolyten Phosphorsäure sowohl für eine ausreichende Protonenleitfähigkeit als auch für den Protonentransfer zwischen Membran und Elektroden benötigen. Mit zunehmender Säurebeladung sinkt aber die mechanische Stabilität der Membranen. Daher wurden in dieser Arbeit die Oberflächen von PBI‐Membranen durch plasmachemische Prozesse verändert, um den Protonentransfer zwischen Membran und Elektrode durch die Anwesenheit von Carbonsäure‐, Sulfonsäure‐ und phosphorsauren Gruppen zu verbessern. Die PBI‐Membranen wurden nach der Funktionalisierung mit drei verschiedenen Säuremengen beladen und in einem Brennstoffzellen‐Prüfstand (160 °C, potentiostatisch bei 0,6 V, 3 bar Luft/H2) getestet. Bei niedrigen Säurebeladungsgraden von 72 Masse‐ % führen die Oberflächenmodifikationen zu deutlichen Leistungssteigerungen. Die höchste Steigerung der Leistungsdichte von 164 % im Vergleich zur unmodifizierten PBI‐Membran erzielte die PBI‐Membran mit einer gemischten Funktionalisierung aus phosphorsauren Gruppen, Sulfonsäure‐ und Carbonsäuregruppen. Allerdings liegt die absolute Leistungsdichte der Brennstoffzelle mit dieser Membran bei einer Phosphorsäurebeladung von 72 Masse‐ % nur bei 0,17 W/cm2. Für mobile Anwendungen wie z. B. den Antriebsstrang eines Automobils sind deutlich höhere Leistungsdichten erforderlich. Daher wurden höhere Phosphorsäurebeladungen eingestellt. Bei einer Säurebeladung von 78 Masse‐ % erzielte die beste plasmamodifizierte PBI‐Membran mit 0,46 W/cm2 eine um 38 % höhere Leistungsdichte als die unmodifizierte PBI‐Membran. Bei einer noch höheren Phosphorsäurebeladung von 84 Masse‐ % liegen fast keine Unterschiede in den Leistungsdichten vor; Phosphorsäure im Kontaktbereich Elektrode – Membran sorgt hier bereits für einen ausreichenden Protonentransfer.
Acute pulmonary failure during remission induction chemotherapy in adults with acute myeloid leukemia or high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Al Ameri Ali , Koller Charles , Kantarjian Hagop , Ravandi Farhad , Verstovsek Srdan , Borthakur Gautam , Pierce Sherry , Mattiuzzi Gloria 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Acute pulmonary failure during remission induction therapy is a serious complication in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To the authors' knowledge, the course and prognosis of such patients is not well known.METHODS:A total of 1541 patients referred for remission induction chemotherapy of AML or high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome were retrospectively reviewed.RESULTS:A total of 120 (8%) patients developed acute pulmonary failure within 2 weeks of the initiation of chemotherapy; 87 of these patients (73%) died during remission induction, whereas 17 (14%) achieved a complete response. The median survival among the 120 patients with early acute pulmonary failure was 3 weeks. Predictive factors for the development of early acute pulmonary failure by multivariate analysis were: male sex (P = .00038), acute promyelocytic leukemia (P = .00003), poor performance status (P = .001), lung infiltrates at diagnosis (P = .000001), and increased creatinine (P = .000005). Patients who had 0 to 1, 2, 3, or 4 to 5 adverse factors were found to have estimated predictive incidences of acute pulmonary failure of 3%, 13%, 23%, and 34%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Preventive approaches at the start of induction therapy in patients at high risk of pulmonary failure may improve the outcome of these patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Parallel GeoFEST for regional faulted deformation
Authors: Parker Jay , Norton Charles , Lyzenga Gregory 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe GeoFEST application, which can accurately simulate deformation and stress in a faulted region of the earth's crust and mantle in the presence of heterogeneous rheology, faulting, tectonic loading, and viscoelastic relaxation, is a scalable parallel application well suited for the largest supercomputers. In order to achieve such scaling, the authors implemented a carefully choreographed algorithm using the Message Passing interface (MPI) calls, made use of parallel partitioning and data management functions from the PYRAMID and ParMetis libraries, and designed a technique for using the strain energy density from an initial scratch elastic solution to direct PYRAMID in performing parallel adaptive mesh refinement. An example problem follows that illustrates how an initial geometry and mesh designed on a laptop computer is automatically processed on hundreds to thousands of processors using millions of refined finite elements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance evaluation of the Red Storm dual‐core upgrade
Authors: Brightwell Ron , Underwood Keith D. , Vaughan Courtenay , Stevenson Joel 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn 2007, the Cray Red Storm system at Sandia National Laboratories completed an upgrade of the processor and network hardware. Single‐core 2.0 GHz AMD Opteron processors were replaced with dual‐core 2.4 GHz AMD Opterons, while the network interface hardware was upgraded from a sustained rate of 1.1 GBps to 2.0 GBps (without changing the router link rates). These changes more than doubled the theoretical peak floating‐point performance of the compute nodes and doubled the bandwidth performance of the network. This paper provides an analysis of the impact of this upgrade on the performance of several applications and micro‐benchmarks. Performance results show that the additional core provides a performance boost of 20–50% for real applications on a fixed problem size per‐socket basis on up to 2048 cores and that scalability is impacted relatively little by the upgrade. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A strategy for scheduling tightly coupled parallel applications on clusters
Authors: Sanjay H. A. , Vadhiyar Sathish S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAlthough various strategies have been developed for scheduling parallel applications with independent tasks, very little work exists for scheduling tightly coupled parallel applications on cluster environments. In this paper, we compare four different strategies based on performance models of tightly coupled parallel applications for scheduling the applications on clusters. In addition to algorithms based on existing popular optimization techniques, we also propose a new algorithm called Box Elimination that searches the space of performance model parameters to determine the best schedule of machines. By means of real and simulation experiments, we evaluated the algorithms on single cluster and multi‐cluster setups. We show that our Box Elimination algorithm generates up to 80% more efficient schedules than other algorithms. We also show that the execution times of the schedules produced by our algorithm are more robust against the performance modeling errors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transforming Triglycerides and Fatty Acids into Biofuels
Authors: Lestari Siswati , Mäki‐Arvela Päivi , Beltramini Jorge , Lu G. Q. Max , Murzin Dmitry Yu. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFuels derived from biobased materials are attracting attention for their potential in securing the energy supply and protecting the environment. In this Minireview, we evaluate the use of biobased sources, particularly fatty acids and triglycerides from seed oils and animal fats, as fuels. The physical and chemical properties of these fatty acids and triglycerides are discussed, including the link to their sources and current availability to meet fuel demands. The current technologies, also known as the first‐generation ones, for converting triglycerides into fuels are covered, including conventional methods such as transesterification, pyrolysis, cracking, and emulsions. Recent, second‐generation technological developments that lead to more commercially viable biofuels based on diesel‐like hydrocarbons are also discussed.
A cross‐layer partner‐based fast handoff mechanism for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks
Authors: Chen Yuh‐Shyan , Hsiao Wei‐Han , Chiu Kau‐Lin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn wireless/mobile networks, users freely and frequently change their access points (APs) while they are communicating with other users. To support the mobility of mobile nodes (MNs), Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) is used to inform the information of MN's home address and current care‐of‐address (CoA) to its home agent. MIPv6 suffers from a long delay latency and high packet losses (PLs) because MIPv6 does not support micromobility. A Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) is proposed which provides micromobility and macromobility to reduce handoff latency (HL) by employing a hierarchical network structure. In this paper, we propose a cross‐layer partner‐based fast handoff mechanism based on HMIPv6, called the PHMIPv6 protocol. Our PHMIPv6 protocol is a cross‐layer, layer‐2 + layer‐3, and cooperative approach. A cooperative node, called a partner node (PN), is adopted in the PHMIPv6 protocol. A new layer‐2 trigger scheme used in the PHMIPv6 protocol accurately predicts the next AP and then invites a cooperative PN in the area of the next AP. With the cooperation of the PN, the CoA can be pre‐acquired and duplicate address detection operation can be pre‐executed by the PN before the MN initializes the handoff request. The PHMIPv6 protocol significantly reduces the handoff delay time and PLs. In the mathematical analysis, we verified that our PHMIPv6 protocol offers a better HL than the MIPv6, HMIPv6, and SHMIPv6 protocols. Finally, the experimental results also illustrate that the PHMIPv6 protocol actually achieves performance improvements in the handoff delay time, PL rate, and handoff delay jitter. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progression to impaired glucose metabolism in first‐degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes in Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Janghorbani Mohsen , Amini Masoud 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to estimate the progression rates from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes, and from IFG and IGT to diabetes in first‐degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsA total of 701 non‐diabetic FDRs of consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes aged 20–70 years in 2003–2005 were followed through 2007 for the occurrence of IGT, IFG and type 2 diabetes. Glucose tolerance classification was based on the criteria of the American Diabetes Association and standard 75 g 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).ResultsThe progression rate from NGT to IFG, IGT and diabetes were 8.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.8–10.6), 3.7% (95% CI: 2.5–5.1) and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.1–1.2) per year after an average of 27.6 months, respectively. Progression rates from IFG and IGT to diabetes were 5.1% (95% CI: 2.1–10.2) and 9.9% (95% CI: 7.7–12.6) per year.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, these are the first estimate of progression rates from NGT to IFG, IGT and diabetes in FDRs of individuals with type 2 diabetes in Iran. The progression rates to diabetes in these participants are high, and intensive follow‐up and intervention strategies are recommended for these high‐risk individuals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triggering of DC migration by dengue virus stimulation of COX‐2‐dependent signaling cascades in vitro highlights the significance of these cascades beyond inflammation
Authors: Wu Wan‐Lin , Ho Ling‐Jun , Chang Deh‐Ming , Chen Chen‐Hung , Lai Jenn‐Haung 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA term “bone‐breaking fever” is used in Chinese medicine to describe the symptoms of patients infected with dengue virus (DV). We examined the significance of the COX‐prostaglandin pathway in human DC infected by DV. We show that DV infection induced the expression of COX‐2 and the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in DC, and stimulated the DNA binding of NF‐κB and the kinase activity of both IκBα kinase (IKK) α and β. DV infection also activated MAPK and AP‐1 signaling. Both IκBα kinase‐NF‐κB and MAPK‐AP‐1 were upstream of COX‐2 activation. Our investigation into the significance of COX‐2‐PGE2 pathway also revealed that DV infection enhances DC migration by inducing CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) expression, and that blocking COX‐2 or MAPK activity suppresses DV‐induced DC migration. Our data also suggest that PGE2 can induce CCR7 expression on DC and that antagonists of the PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 suppress DV‐induced DC migration. We further show that the increased CCR7 expression was observed in both DV‐infected and bystander DC, suggesting the presence of secondary effects in inducing CCR7 expression. Collectively, this study reveals not only the pathways involved in COX‐2 synthesis in DV‐infected DC but also the autocrine action of PGE2 on the migration of DV‐infected DC.
Formation of VV Lacunary Polyoxovanadates and Interconversion Reactions of Dodecavanadate Species
Authors: Okaya Kenji , Kobayashi Tetsuhiro , Koyama Yuki , Hayashi Yoshihito , Isobe Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOxidation reactions of the reduced decavanadate [VIV2VV8O26]4– (1) with halide guest anions were investigated for the synthesis of VV host molecules. The reaction with Cl– afforded a new dodecavanadate, [HVV12O32(Cl)]4– (3), which incorporated the guest chloride anion. The polyoxovanadate framework of 3 is different from the bowl‐shaped dodecavanadate [VV12O32(CH3CN)]4– (2). The structure of 3 is regarded as a trilacunary counterpart of the pentadecavanadate [VV9VIV6O36Cl]4–. Employment of an F– template yielded the layered polyoxovanadate [HVV11O29F2]4– (4). The framework of 4 is a monolacunary structure of the fluoride‐incorporated dodecavanadate [H6VV2VIV10O30F2]6–, in which one of the VO groups at the belt position is removed. The three vanadium atoms in the capping units are connected by μ3‐F bridges. Reaction with Br– provided [HVV12O32(Br)]4– (5) with minor formation of [H3VV10O28]3–. Interconversion reactions between 2, 3, and 4 proceeded as follows: the reaction of 2 with Cl– prompted an isomerization reaction of the bowl‐type framework, affording 3; the reaction of 3 with F– gave 4; the reaction of 4 with CH3CN reproduced acetonitrile‐incorporated 2. Complexes 3 and 4 were characterized by X‐ray analysis. Polyoxovanadates 3 and 4, with the highest oxidation cores, exhibited distinct signals in the 51V NMR spectra, corresponding to lacunary polyoxovanadate geometries. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Resorcinarene Podand with Amine‐Functionalized Side Arms – Synthesis, Structure, and Binding Properties of a Neutral Anion Receptor
Authors: Salorinne Kirsi , Weimann Dominik P. , Schalley Christoph A. , Nissinen Maija 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe synthesis and structure of a neutral resorcinarene host bearing four amine‐functionalized side arms is described. The anion binding properties were investigated in solution by 1H NMR spectroscopic titration and diffusion experiments and in the gas phase by mass spectrometric studies. It was observed that in solution 1:2 (host/guest) complexes were formed between the resorcinarene host and the basic fluoride and acetate anions, whereas in the gas phase 1:1 complexes with other anions (Cl–, HCOO–, NO3–, and BF4–) were detected additionally. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Application of MEKC and monolithic CEC for the analysis of bioactive naphthoquinones in Eleutherine americana
Authors: Ganzera Markus , Nischang Ivo , Siegl Christian , Senzenberger Birgit , Svec Frantisek , Stuppner Hermann 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo microscale separation techniques for the analysis of bioactive naphthoquinones in Eleutherine americana were developed and validated. By MEKC four compounds (eleuthoside B, isoeleutherin, eleutherol and eleutherinoside A) could be determined in plant extracts using an aqueous electrolyte solution composed of 25 mM sodium tetraborate, 50 mM sodium cholate and 20% THF. CEC on a polymeric methacrylate‐based monolith with strong cationic properties showed promising results, as it additionally enabled the separation of two enantiomers, eleutherin and isoeleutherin. The mobile phase for CEC experiments comprised 3 mM ammonium formate in a mixture of ACN and water. At an applied voltage of −25 kV, all five markers were baseline separated in less than 12 min. Both methods were successfully validated for linearity (MEKC: R2≥0.999; CEC: R2≥0.997), sensitivity (MEKC: LOD=4–5 μg/mL; CEC: LOD=2–8 μg/mL), accuracy (MEKC: 96.5–102.7% recovery; CEC: 97.1–103.5% recovery) and precision (MEKC: σrel≤2.43%; CEC: σrel≤2.21%). The quantitative analysis of naphthoquinone derivatives in several E. americana samples showed that both methods are suitable for practical applications, because the results were well comparable to those obtained by established techniques such as HPLC.