bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five-Year Cohort Study of
Nosema
spp. in Germany: Does Climate Shape Virulence and Assertiveness of
Nosema ceranae
?
Authors: Gisder Sebastian , Hedtke Kati , Möckel Nadine , Frielitz Marie-Charlotte , Linde Andreas , Genersch Elke 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Nosema ceranae
and
Nosema apis
are two fungal pathogens belonging to the phylum Microsporidia and infecting the European honeybee,
Apis mellifera
. Recent studies have suggested that
N. ceranae
is more virulent than
N. apis
both at the individual insect level and at the colony level. Severe colony losses could be attributed to
N. ceranae
infections, and an unusual form of nosemosis is caused by this pathogen. In the present study, data from a 5-year cohort study of the prevalence of
Nosema
spp. in Germany, involving about 220 honeybee colonies and a total of 1,997 samples collected from these colonies each spring and autumn and analyzed via species-specific PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), are described. Statistical analysis of the data revealed no relation between colony mortality and detectable levels of infection with
N. ceranae
or
N. apis
. In addition,
N. apis
is still more prevalent than
N. ceranae
in the cohort of the German bee population that was analyzed. A possible explanation for these findings could be the marked decrease in spore germination that was observed after even a short exposure to low temperatures (+4°C) for
N. ceranae
only. Reduced or inhibited
N. ceranae
spore germination at low temperatures should hamper the infectivity and spread of this pathogen in climatic regions characterized by a rather cold winter season.
Selection of Bifidobacteria Based on Adhesion and Anti-Inflammatory Capacity
In Vitro
for Amelioration of Murine Colitis
Authors: Preising Julia , Philippe David , Gleinser Marita , Wei Hua , Blum Stephanie , Eikmanns Bernhard J. , Niess Jan-Hendrik , Riedel Christian U. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Adhesion and anti-inflammatory properties of eight strains of bifidobacteria were tested using the intestinal epithelial cell lines Caco-2, T84, and HT29. Two strains were selected for further assessment of their anti-inflammatory capacity in two murine models of colitis.
In vivo
results confirmed the high anti-inflammatory capacity of a
Bifidobacterium bifidum
strain.
Polo-Like Kinase Guides Cytokinesis in Trypanosoma brucei through an Indirect Means
Authors: Li Zhi , Umeyama Takashi , Li Ziyin , Wang Ching C. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Polo-like kinase in
Trypanosoma brucei
(TbPLK) is confined to the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) and regulates only cytokinetic initiation. However, it apparently diffuses into the cytoplasm before the
trans
-localization of chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) from the midzone of central spindle to FAZ, which is known to be required for initiating cytokinesis. Synchronized
T. brucei
procyclic cells treated with a TbPLK inhibitor, GW843682X (GW), in late S phase were found to go through a full cell cycle at a normal pace before being arrested at cytokinetic initiation in the second cycle. However, synchronized cells treated with GW in G
1
phase were arrested at cytokinetic initiation within the first cell cycle, suggesting that inhibition of TbPLK at its emergence blocks cytokinesis within the same cell cycle. To rule out potential off-target effects from GW, TbPLK RNA interference (RNAi) was induced to deplete TbPLK, and the progression of synchronized cells from late S phase was also found to be arrested at cytokinetic initiation within the first cell cycle. Apparently, TbPLK has accomplished its role in guiding cytokinesis before the late S phase, presumably by phosphorylating a certain substrate(s) during S phase, which may play a critical role in initiating the subsequent cytokinesis.
Plasmodium falciparum PF10_0164 (ETRAMP10.3) Is an Essential Parasitophorous Vacuole and Exported Protein in Blood Stages
Authors: MacKellar Drew C. , O'Neill Matthew T. , Aly Ahmed S. I. , Sacci John B. , Cowman Alan F. , Kappe Stefan H. I. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Upregulated in infectious sporozoites gene 4 (
UIS4
) encodes a parasitophorous vacuole membrane protein expressed in the sporozoite and liver stages of rodent malaria parasites. Parasites that lack
UIS4
arrest in early liver-stage development, and vaccination of mice with
uis4
−
sporozoites confers sterile protection against challenge with infectious sporozoites. Currently, it remains unclear whether an ortholog of
UIS4
is carried in the human malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum
, although the gene
PF10_0164
has been identified as a candidate ortholog for
UIS4
on the basis of synteny and structural similarity of the encoded protein. We show that PF10_0164 is expressed in sporozoites and blood stages of
P. falciparum
, where it localizes to the parasitophorous vacuole, and is also exported to the host erythrocyte.
PF10_0164
is refractory to disruption in asexual blood stages. Functional complementation was tested in
Plasmodium yoelii
by replacing the endogenous copy of
UIS4
with
PF10_0164
. PF10_0164 localized to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane of liver stages, but transgenic parasites did not complete liver-stage development in mice. We conclude that PF10_0164 is a parasitophorous vacuole protein that is essential in asexual blood stages and that does not complement
P. yoelii
UIS4, and it is thus likely not a functional ortholog of UIS4.
Molecular Characterization of the Interaction ofBorrelia parkeriandBorrelia turicataewith Human Complement Regulators
Authors: Schott Melanie , Grosskinsky Sonja , Brenner Christiane , Kraiczy Peter , Wallich Reinhard 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTIn North America, tick-borne relapsing fever is caused by the speciesBorrelia hermsii,B. parkeri, andB. turicatae, which are transmitted to humans through the bite of the respective infected tick vectors. Here we describe the identification and functional characterization of a surface lipoprotein ofB. parkeri, designated BpcA, that binds the human complement regulators factor H and factor H-related protein 1 and, simultaneously, the host protease plasminogen. In contrast, the homologousB. turicataeprotein failed to bind human factor H and factor H-related protein 1 but retained its plasminogen binding capacity. Factor H bound to BpcA maintains its regulatory capacity to control C3b deposition and C3 convertase activity. Ectopic expression of BpcA in a serum-sensitiveB. burgdorferistrain protects transformed cells from complement-mediated killing. Furthermore, bound plasminogen/plasmin endowsB. parkeriandB. turicataewith the potential to degrade extracellular matrix components. These findings expand our understanding of the putative recent evolutionary separation ofBorrelia parkeriandBorrelia turicatae, provide evidence thatB. parkeridiffers fromB. turicataein its ability to resist complement attack, and may help in understanding the pathological processes underlying tick-borne relapsing fever.
Identification of the Targets of Cross-Reactive Antibodies Induced byStreptococcus pneumoniaeColonization
Authors: Roche Aoife M. , Weiser Jeffrey N. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTMuch of the efficacy of current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines lies in their ability to decrease carriage of vaccine serotypes in the population. Novel and more-broadly acting vaccines would also need to target carriage in order to be as effective. We have previously shown that model murine carriage ofStreptococcus pneumoniaecan elicit antibody-dependent immunity and can protect against a virulent heterologous challenge strain. This study set out to identifyS. pneumoniaesurface antigens that may elicit cross-reactive antibodies following colonization. Western blot analysis using sera from colonized mice identified the previously characterized immunogens pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), putative proteinase maturation protein A (PpmA), and pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) as such antigens. Using flow cytometry, PspA was found to be the major target of surface-bound cross-reactive IgG in sera from TIGR4Δcps-colonized mice, with a modest contribution from PpmA and none from PsaA. In human sera, however, only mutants lacking PpmA were shown to have reduced binding of surface IgG compared to wild-type strains, suggesting that prior exposure toS. pneumoniaein humans may induce PpmA antibodies. We also investigated if cross-reactive antibodies induced by these antigens may be cross-protective against carriage. Despite the immunogenicity of PspA, PpmA, and PsaA, mice were still protected following colonization with mutants lacking these antigens, suggesting they are not necessary for cross-protection induced by carriage. Our findings suggest that a whole-organism approach may be needed to broadly diminish carriage.
Chlamydia muridarumT-Cell Antigens Formulated with the Adjuvant DDA/TDB Induce Immunity against Infection That Correlates with a High Frequency of Gamma Interferon (IFN-γ)/Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and IFN-γ/Interleukin-17 Double-Positive CD4+T Cells
Authors: Yu Hong , Jiang Xiaozhou , Shen Caixia , Karunakaran Karuna P. , Jiang Janina , Rosin Nicole L. , Brunham Robert C. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTMajor impediments to developing aChlamydiavaccine lie in identifying immunologically relevant T-cell antigens and delivery in a manner to stimulate protective immunity. Using an immunoproteomic approach, we previously identified three immunodominantChlamydiaT-cell antigens (PmpG-1, PmpE/F-2, and RplF). Because RplF has high homology to a human ortholog, it may not be suitable for human vaccine development. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated protection againstChlamydiainfection in the genital tract in C57BL/6 mice immunized withChlamydia-specific membrane proteins PmpG-1, PmpE/F-2, and major outer membrane protein (MOMP; as a reference) or a combination of them formulated with one of three adjuvants, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN), AbISCO-100 (AbISCO), or DDA/TDB (dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide/d-(+)-trehalose 6,6′-dibehenate). The results show that immunization with the CpG-ODN formulation failed to provide protection againstChlamydiainfection; the AbISCO formulation conferred moderate protection, and the DDA/TDB formulation showed the highest degree of protective efficacy. The combination of PmpG-1, PmpE/F-2, and MOMP proteins formulated with DDA/TDB exhibited the greatest degree of protection among all vaccine groups studied. Moreover, this vaccine combination also engendered significant protection in BALB/c mice, which have a different major histocompatibility complex (MHC) background. We measured cell-mediated immune cytokine responses in mice immunized with PmpG-1 mixed with each of the three adjuvants. The results demonstrate that mice immunized with the DDA/TDB formulation induced the strongest gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) responses, characterized by the highest frequency of IFN-γ/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IFN-γ/IL-17 double-positive CD4+T cells. In conclusion, aChlamydiavaccine based on the recombinant proteins PmpG-1, PmpE/F-2, and MOMP delivered in a DDA/TDB adjuvant conferred protection against infection that correlated with IFN-γ/TNF-α and IFN-γ/IL-17 double-positive CD4+T cells.
CoreDet
Authors: Bergan Tom , Anderson Owen , Devietti Joseph , Ceze Luis , Grossman Dan 
Published: March 2010

The behavior of a multithreaded program does not depend only on its inputs. Scheduling, memory reordering, timing, and low-level hardware effects all introduce nondeterminism in the execution of multithreaded programs. This severely complicates many tasks, including debugging, testing, and automatic replication. In this work, we avoid these complications by eliminating their root cause: we develop a compiler and runtime system that runs arbitrary multithreaded C/C++ POSIX Threads programs deterministically.
A trivial non-performant approach to providing determinism is simply deterministically serializing execution. Instead, we present a compiler and runtime infrastructure that ensures determinism but resorts to serialization rarely, for handling interthread communication and synchronization. We develop two basic approaches, both of which are largely dynamic with performance improved by some static compiler optimizations. First, an ownership-based approach detects interthread communication via an evolving table that tracks ownership of memory regions by threads. Second, a buffering approach uses versioned memory and employs a deterministic commit protocol to make changes visible to other threads. While buffering has larger single-threaded overhead than ownership, it tends to scale better (serializing less often). A hybrid system sometimes performs and scales better than either approach individually.
Our implementation is based on the LLVM compiler infrastructure. It needs neither programmer annotations nor special hardware. Our empirical evaluation uses the PARSEC and SPLASH2 benchmarks and shows that our approach scales comparably to nondeterministic execution.
Orbitofrontal disinhibition of pain in migraine with aura: An interictal EEG-mapping study
Authors: Lev Rina , Granovsky Yelena , Yarnitsky David 
Published: March 2010

This study aimed to identify the cortical mechanisms underlying the processes of interictal dishabituation to experimental pain in subjects suffering from migraine with aura (MWA). In 21 subjects with MWA and 22 healthy controls, cortical responses to two successive trials of noxious contact-heat stimuli were analyzed using EEG-tomography software. When compared with controls, MWA patients showed significantly increased pain-evoked potential amplitudes accompanied by reduced activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and increased activity in the pain matrix regions, including the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) ( p < .05). Similarly to controls, MWA subjects displayed an inverse correlation between the OFC and SI activities, and positive interrelations between other pain-specific regions. The activity changes in the OFC negatively correlated with lifetime headache duration and longevity ( p < .05). Reduced inhibitory functioning of the prefrontal cortex is a possible cause for disinhibition of the pain-related sensory cortices in migraine. The finding of OFC hypofunction over the disease course is in keeping with current concepts of migraine as a progressive brain disorder.
Cluster headache responsive to indomethacin: Case reports and a critical review of the literature
Authors: Prakash Sanjay , Shah Nilima D , Chavda Bhavna V 
Published: March 2010

Introduction: Response to indomethacin is an essential feature for the diagnosis of both paroxysmal hemicrania (PH) and hemicrania continua (HC). Cluster headache (CH) is widely considered to be a disease unresponsive to indomethacin. Case reports: We report four patients with CH who responded to indomethacin. Two patients, who were refractory to the usual therapy for CH, fulfilled the criteria for chronic CH. Conversely, two patients had a history of episodic CH and showed response to both indomethacin and the usual therapy for CH. Literature review: We also reviewed the literature for the presence of indomethacin response in patients with CH. We noted a large number of cases labeled as CH by the authors which showed a response to indomethacin. Discussion: Many cases of definite or possible CH were wrongly labeled as PH because of patients' responding to indomethacin. Conclusion: The response to indomethacin in patients with CH may not be as immediate as in other indomethacin-responsive headaches, and many patients may need larger doses.
Clinical Results of Single-Tunnel Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction Using Autogenous Semitendinosus Tendon
Authors: Yoo Jae-Chul , Ahn Jin-Hwan , Yoon Jung-Ro , Yang Jae-Hyuk 
Published: March 2010

Background Over 60 repair/reconstruction techniques have been described for the treatment of coracoclavicular (CC) ligament injuries. Purpose To report the functional and radiological outcomes of single-tunnel CC ligament reconstruction using autogenous semitendinosus tendon. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Between August 2005 and January 2008, a total of 21 patients, 16 patients (14 men, 2 women) with a Rockwood type IV, type V, or a chronic type III acromioclavicular (AC) dislocation and 5 patients (4 men, 1 woman) with a painful nonunited distal clavicle fracture with CC separation, underwent CC reconstructive surgery using a semitendinosus autograft. All 21 patients were followed up clinically and radiographically. The mean follow-up was 33 months (range, 18-47), and the mean patient age was 39.8 years (range, 18-70). Chronic type III AC dislocations and nonunited distal clavicle fractures with CC separation were scored using preoperative AC scoring (AC Joint Separation Questionnaire). Constant, University of California—Los Angeles (UCLA), and AC scores were evaluated for all patients at final follow-up. Results At the final follow-up, 10 patients achieved an “excellent” result and 11 a “good” result according to the AC scoring scheme. Mean final Constant and UCLA scores were 84.7 (range, 67-94) and 30.0 (range, 23-35), respectively. In the anteroposterior (AP) plane, 17 (81%) of the 21 patients maintained complete reduction, and 1 of the remaining 4, a manual laborer, had complete reduction loss. Of the 17 patients with an axillary view at final follow-up, 1 patient (5.9%) showed partial subluxation, although no subluxation was observed in the AP radiograph. The other 16 patients (94.1%) had a complete reduction state in axillary view. Conclusion Single-tunnel CC reconstruction with an autogenous hamstring tendon graft after a mean follow-up of 33 months (range, 18-47) appears to be a satisfactory means of treating acute Rockwood type IV, V, chronic type III, and painful nonunited distal clavicle fractures with CC separation.
Computed Tomography Assessment of Hip Joints in Asymptomatic Individuals in Relation to Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Kang Alan C. L. , Gooding Andrew J. , Coates Mark H. , Goh Tony D. , Armour Paul , Rietveld John 
Published: March 2010

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement has become a well-recognized entity predisposing to acetabular labral tears and chondral damage, and subsequently development of osteoarthritis of the hip joint. In the authors’ experience, it is common to see bony abnormalities predisposing to femoroacetabular impingement in the contralateral asymptomatic hips in patients with unilateral femoroacetabular impingement. Purpose: This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of bony abnormalities predisposing to femoroacetabular impingement in asymptomatic individuals without exposing study participants to unnecessary radiation. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Fifty individuals (100 hip joints), ranging from 15 to 40 years of age, who were seen at a local hospital between March and August 2008 with abdominal trauma or nonspecific abdominal pain in whom abdominal computed tomography was performed to aid diagnosis were prospectively studied. These patients were not known to have any history of hip-related problems. Raw data from the abdominal computed tomography scan, performed on a 64-slice multidetector computed tomography scanner, were reformatted using bone algorithm into several different planes. Several measurements and observations of the hip joints were made in relation to femoroacetabular impingement. Results: The 100 hip joints from 50 patients with no history of hip problems demonstrated that 39% of the joints (31% of female, 48% of male joints) have at least 1 morphologic aspect predisposing to femoroacetabular impingement. The majority (66% to 100% ) of the findings were bilateral; 33% of female and 52% of male asymptomatic participants in our study had at least 1 predisposing factor for femoroacetabular impingement in 1 or both of their hip joints. Based on the data collected from this study, the acetabular crossover sign had a 71% sensitivity and 88% specificity for detecting acetabular retroversion. Nonquantitative assessment of the femoral head at the anterior, anterolateral, and lateral head/neck junctions demonstrated that 74% of the joints had an aspherical femoral head. Conclusion: The study demonstrated substantial prevalence of bony characteristics predisposing to femoroacetabular impingement in asymptomatic individuals according to the established measurement parameters in current literature.
Platelet JNK1 is involved in secretion and thrombus formation
Authors: Adam Frédéric , Kauskot Alexandre , Nurden Paquita , Sulpice Eric , Hoylaerts Marc F. , Davis Roger J. , Rosa Jean-Philippe , Bryckaert Marijke 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The role of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) in hemostasis and thrombosis remains unclear. We show here, with JNK1-deficient (JNK1−/−) mice, that JNK1 plays an important role in platelet biology and thrombus formation. In tail-bleeding assays, JNK1−/− mice exhibited longer bleeding times than wild-type mice (396 ± 39 seconds vs 245 ± 32 seconds). We also carried out in vitro whole-blood perfusion assays on a collagen matrix under arterial shear conditions. Thrombus formation was significantly reduced for JNK1−/− platelets (51%). In an in vivo model of thrombosis induced by photochemical injury to cecum vessels, occlusion times were 4.3 times longer in JNK1−/− arterioles than in wild-type arterioles. Moreover, in vitro studies carried out in platelet aggregation conditions demonstrated that, at low doses of agonists, platelet secretion was impaired in JNK1−/− platelets, leading to altered integrin αIIbβ3 activation and reduced platelet aggregation, via a mechanism involving protein kinase C. JNK1 thus appears to be essential for platelet secretion in vitro, consistent with its role in thrombus growth in vivo. Finally, we showed that ERK2 and another isoform of JNK affect platelet aggregation through 2 pathways, one dependent and another independent of JNK1.
Factor XII stimulates ERK1/2 and Akt through uPAR, integrins, and the EGFR to initiate angiogenesis
Authors: LaRusch Gretchen A. , Mahdi Fakhri , Shariat-Madar Zia , Adams Gregory , Sitrin Robert G. , Zhang Wan Ming , McCrae Keith R. , Schmaier Alvin H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFactor XII (FXII) and high molecular weight kininogen (HK) mutually block each other's binding to the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). We investigated if FXII stimulates cells by interacting with uPAR. FXII (3-62nM) with 0.05mM Zn2+ induces extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2; mitogen-activated protein kinase 44 [MAPK44] andMAPK42) and Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation in endothelial cells. FXII-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 or Akt is a zymogen activity, not an enzymatic event. ERK1/2 or Akt phosphorylation is blocked upstream by PD98059 or Wortmannin or LY294002, respectively. An uPAR signaling region for FXII is on domain 2 adjacent to uPAR's integrin binding site. Cleaved HK or peptides from HK's domain 5 blocks FXII-induced ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. A β1 integrin peptide that binds uPAR, antibody 6S6 to β1 integrin, or the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor AG1478 blocks FXII-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt. FXII induces endothelial cell proliferation and 5-bromo-2′deoxy-uridine incorporation. FXII stimulates aortic sprouting in normal but not uPAR-deficient mouse aorta. FXII produces angiogenesis in matrigel plugs in normal but not uPAR-deficient mice. FXII knockout mice have reduced constitutive and wound-induced blood vessel number. In sum, FXII initiates signaling mediated by uPAR, β1 integrin, and the EGFR to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation, growth, and angiogenesis.