bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selecting Coherent and Relevant Plots in Large Scatterplot Matrices
Authors: Lehmann Dirk J. , Albuquerque Georgia , Eisemann Martin , Magnor Marcus , Theisel Holger 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe scatterplot matrix (SPLOM) is a well‐established technique to visually explore high‐dimensional data sets. It is characterized by the number of scatterplots (plots) of which it consists of. Unfortunately, this number quadratically grows with the number of the data set’s dimensions. Thus, an SPLOM scales very poorly. Consequently, the usefulness of SPLOMs is restricted to a small number of dimensions. For this, several approaches already exist to explore such ‘small’ SPLOMs. Those approaches address the scalability problem just indirectly and without solving it. Therefore, we introduce a new greedy approach to manage ‘large’ SPLOMs with more than 100 dimensions. We establish a combined visualization and interaction scheme that produces intuitively interpretable SPLOMs by combining known quality measures, a pre‐process reordering and a perception‐based abstraction. With this scheme, the user can interactively find large amounts of relevant plots in large SPLOMs.
Race, Ethnicity, and the Bible: Pedagogical Challenges and Curricular Opportunities
Authors: Byron Gay L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTheological educators are now fostering dialogues, projects, and practices that are designed to acknowledge the challenges and opportunities resulting from the shifting racial and ethnic demographic climate in the U.S. and Canada. As well‐intentioned as these efforts are, most of the scholarship focuses on the contemporary experiences of underrepresented minorities, current institutional concerns, or practical classroom scenarios, leaving Scripture courses, which have long been the backbone of theological education, beyond the scope of critical engagement. In this article I argue that the existing scholarship on teaching and learning in general, and among biblical scholars in particular, does not adequately address the specific challenges that arise when questions about race and ethnicity are exposed in Scripture courses. Therefore, based on my own classroom experiences, I develop a pedagogy of (Emb)Racing the Bible that seeks to bridge the gap between theoretical readings and practical applications of ancient and contemporary discourses about race and ethnicity.
Creating a Public Space through Service‐Learning
Authors: Brigham Erin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this paper, I suggest that community‐based learning can act as a “public space” for the exchange of religious and non‐religious identities. By providing a space for the collaboration between religiously‐affiliated Universities and non‐religiously affiliated community partners, community‐based learning offers the opportunity for the negotiation of what civic engagement means in a pluralistic society. This exchange can inform the conversation on the public role of religion by offering an example of how religious and secular communities can discover a common language through the realization of shared interests.
Teaching World Religions without Teaching “World Religions”
Authors: Locklin Reid B. , Tiemeier Tracy , Vento Johann M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTomoko Masuzawa and a number of other contemporary scholars have recently problematized the categories of “religion” and “world religions” and, in some cases, called for its abandonment altogether as a discipline of scholarly study. In this collaborative essay, we respond to this critique by highlighting three attempts to teach world religions without teaching “world religions.” That is, we attempt to promote student engagement with the empirical study of a plurality of religious traditions without engaging in the rhetoric of pluralism or the reification of the category “religion.” The first two essays focus on topical courses taught at the undergraduate level in self‐consciously Christian settings: the online course “Women and Religion” at Georgian Court University and the service‐learning course “Interreligious Dialogue and Practice” at St. Michael's College, in the University of Toronto. The final essay discusses the integration of texts and traditions from diverse traditions into the graduate theology curriculum more broadly, in this case at Loyola Marymount University. Such confessional settings can, we suggest, offer particularly suitable – if somewhat counter‐intuitive – contexts for bringing the otherwise covert agendas of the world religions discourse to light and subjecting them to a searching inquiry in the religion classroom.
The Neo‐Hegelian Theory of Freedom and the Limits of Emancipation
Authors: O'Connor Brian 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper critically evaluates what it identifies as ‘the institutional theory of freedom’ developed within recent neo‐Hegelian philosophy (by Robert Pippin and, in a different way, Axel Honneth). While acknowledging the gains made against the Kantian theory of autonomy as detachment it is argued that the institutional theory ultimately undermines the very meaning of practical agency. By tying agency to institutionally sustained recognition it effectively excludes the exercise of practical reason geared toward emancipation from a settled normative order. Adorno's notion of autonomy as resistance is enlisted to develop an account of practical reason that is neither institutionally constrained nor without appropriate consideration of the historical location of the practical agent.
Individual information for pension contributors: Recommendations for Spain based on international experience
Authors: Regúlez‐Castillo Marta , Vidal‐Meliá Carlos 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe aim of this article is to establish basic guidelines to support the possible design of an information letter to be sent to individuals who contribute to the Spanish state pension system, should a decision ever be taken to adopt such an instrument. Basing our work on international experience and published research in the field, we look into the concept of “individual pension information” and identify its most relevant features. We then give detailed descriptions of two models for the provision of individual pension information (the United States and Sweden), looking in particular at how these are structured, what aspects could be improved and their limitations. Finally, we offer recommendations for the design of a model for Spain.
Divergence in the development of public health insurance in Japan and the Republic of Korea: A multiple‐payer versus a single‐payer system
Authors: Jeong Hyoung‐Sun , Niki Ryu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractJapan and the Republic of Korea achieved universal health insurance coverage for their populations in 1961 and 1989, respectively. At present, Japan continues to operate a multiple‐payer social health insurance system, while the Republic of Korea has moved to an integrated single‐payer national health insurance structure. This article analyzes the influence of political economy in shaping the policy divergence found between these two Bismarckian health insurance systems. Issues addressed include differences in political power, the policy influence of business, the extent to which regional autonomy has developed and regional traits have been preserved, the level of political democratization, the form of political leadership, and the scale of development of the health insurance system. The article offers policy lessons derived from the two countries' experiences.
Role of human papillomaviruses in persistent and glucocorticoid‐resistant juvenile phimosis
Authors: Pilatz A. , Altinkilic B. , Rusz A. , Izykowski N. , Traenkenschuh W. , Rische J. , Lehmann U. , Herbst C. , Maegel L. , Becker J. , Weidner W. , Jonigk D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground  In adults, human papillomaviruses (HPV), lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) and phimosis are considered to be major risk factors for penile cancer. In boys, a possible association between phimosis, LSA and HPV has been suggested.Objective  To investigate the role of HPV in the persistence of phimosis in children.Patients and methods  Out of a cohort of 420 boys presenting with foreskin problems, we prospectively sampled the preputial tissue of 82 patients during circumcision: 46 with steroid‐naïve and 36 with steroid‐resistant phimosis. All foreskins were assessed clinically and histopathologically with regard to appearance, inflammation, oedema, epithelial degeneration and fibrosis. The viral status of the foreskins was determined by immunohistochemistry and highly sensitive PCR, with subsequent subtyping by DNA hybridization (HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 42, 44, 45, 51–54, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 66–68, 70, 72, 73, 81–84, 90, 91).Results  The foreskins appeared normal in 62 boys and suggestive of LSA in one single case. Small cracks or white scars were present in seven steroid‐naïve and 12 steroid‐resistant foreskins. LSA was diagnosed microscopically in two of the steroid‐naïve and six of the steroid‐pretreated group. No evidence of HPV was found in any of the juvenile foreskins.Conclusions  Our prospective study has provided evidence that HPV is not usually present in the foreskin of boys with persistent phimosis after their first year of life and that topical glucocorticoid treatment failure is not associated with HPV or any specific histopathological changes.
Self‐reported sleep and health among Norwegian hospital nurses in intensive care units
Authors: Bjorvatn Bjørn , Dale Sandra , Hogstad‐Erikstein Ruth , Fiske Eldbjørg , Pallesen Ståle , Waage Siri 
Published: April 2012

Aim and background: Shift work, and especially night work, is associated with poor health. Nurses, work a variety of work schedules including night work. So far, few studies have specifically investigated sleep and health among intensive care nurses.Design and methods: We investigated sleep, sleepiness, fatigue, subjective health complaints, anxiety and depression in 150 intensive care nurses (convenience sample representing a response rate of 56·2%). The nurses worked at two major University hospitals in Norway and answered a questionnaire survey.Results: The intensive care nurses reported poorer sleep, more sleepiness, more fatigue, more anxiety and more depression compared to normative data. Poor sleep was reported by 70% and excessive sleepiness by 25% of the nurses; however, the design of the study did not allow us to determine the causes underlying these findings. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that age was positively associated with sleep problems, fatigue, subjective health complaints and anxiety and depression. In contrast, shift work experience was negatively associated with sleep problems, suggesting better coping with shift work over time.Conclusions: Nurses working in intensive care units reported poorer sleep, more sleepiness, more fatigue, more anxiety and more depression compared to Norwegian norm groups. Age was positively related to these complaints, whereas shift work experience was negatively related to poor sleep. More studies are needed on strategies to improve sleep and health in nurses.
Arteriovenous Fistula Creation Using the Optiflow Vascular Anastomosis Device: A First in Man Pilot Study
Authors: Manson Roberto J , Ebner Adrian , Gallo Santiago , Chemla Eric , Mantell Mark , Deaton David , Roy‐Chaudhury Prabir 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAlthough arteriovenous fistulae are the preferred form of dialysis vascular access they continue to have significant problems with maturation failure. The Optiflow device is a sutureless anastomotic conduit which could potentially reduce surgical time and also standardize the surgical procedure. We report herein on the “First in Man” experience with the Optiflow device.
Altered Expression of Cytokine Signaling Pathway Genes in Peripheral Blood Cells of Alcohol Dependent Subjects: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Beech Robert D. , Qu Jie , Leffert Janine J. , Lin Aiping , Hong Kwangik A. , Hansen Julie , Umlauf Sheila , Mane Shrikant , Zhao Hongyu , Sinha Rajita 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundPreclinical and clinical studies have implicated changes in cytokine and innate immune gene‐expression in both the development of and end‐organ damage resulting from alcohol dependence. However, these changes have not been systematically assessed on the basis of alcohol consumption in human subjects.MethodsIllumina Sentrix Beadchip (Human‐6v2) microarrays were used to measure levels of gene‐expression in peripheral blood in 3 groups of subjects: those with alcohol dependence (AD, n = 12), heavy drinkers (HD; defined as regular alcohol use over the past year of at least 8 standard drinks/wk for women and at least 15 standard drinks/wk for men, n = 13), and moderate drinkers (MD; defined as up to 7 standard drinks/wk for women and 14 standard drinks/wk for men, n = 17).ResultsFour hundred and thirty‐six genes were differentially expressed among the 3 groups of subjects (false discovery rate corrected p‐value < 0.05). Two hundred and ninety‐one genes differed between AD and MD subjects, 240 differed between AD and HD subjects, but only 6 differed between HD and MD subjects. Pathway analysis using DAVID and GeneGO Metacore® software showed that the most affected pathways were those related to T‐cell receptor and Janus kinase‐Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK‐Stat) signaling.ConclusionsThese results suggest the transition from heavy alcohol use to dependence is accompanied by changes in the expression of genes involved in regulation of the innate immune response. Such changes may underlie some of the previously described changes in immune function associated with chronic alcohol abuse. Early detection of these changes may allow individuals at high risk for dependence to be identified.
Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Coal‐Fired Electricity Generation
Authors: Whitaker Michael , Heath Garvin A. , O’Donoughue Patrick , Vorum Martin 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThis systematic review and harmonization of life cycle assessments (LCAs) of utility‐scale coal‐fired electricity generation systems focuses on reducing variability and clarifying central tendencies in estimates of life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Screening 270 references for quality LCA methods, transparency, and completeness yielded 53 that reported 164 estimates of life cycle GHG emissions. These estimates for subcritical pulverized, integrated gasification combined cycle, fluidized bed, and supercritical pulverized coal combustion technologies vary from 675 to 1,689 grams CO2‐equivalent per kilowatt‐hour (g CO2‐eq/kWh) (interquartile range [IQR]= 890–1,130 g CO2‐eq/kWh; median = 1,001) leading to confusion over reasonable estimates of life cycle GHG emissions from coal‐fired electricity generation. By adjusting published estimates to common gross system boundaries and consistent values for key operational input parameters (most importantly, combustion carbon dioxide emission factor [CEF]), the meta‐analytical process called harmonization clarifies the existing literature in ways useful for decision makers and analysts by significantly reducing the variability of estimates (−53% in IQR magnitude) while maintaining a nearly constant central tendency (−2.2% in median). Life cycle GHG emissions of a specific power plant depend on many factors and can differ from the generic estimates generated by the harmonization approach, but the tightness of distribution of harmonized estimates across several key coal combustion technologies implies, for some purposes, first‐order estimates of life cycle GHG emissions could be based on knowledge of the technology type, coal mine emissions, thermal efficiency, and CEF alone without requiring full LCAs. Areas where new research is necessary to ensure accuracy are also discussed.
Transaction Costs and Institutions' Efficiency: A Critical Approach
Authors: MARINESCU COSMIN 
Published: April 2012

AbstractInstitutions cannot “work” by themselves, that is, without necessary efforts for enforcing, preserving, and improving them. For many economists, these efforts represent the costs of the economic system at work. Nowadays in institutional economics, the costs of running the economic system are generally called “transaction costs.” This article will offer a critical approach on the significance of transaction costs. This study highlights the necessity of subordinating the efficiency criterion to the ethics criterion, not only in the human action area, but mostly in institutions, as rules of the game in the society.
Spreading the Word: Transaction Cost Economics in the Conversation of Economics
Authors: PESSALI HUASCAR , FERNÁNDEZ RAMÓN 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTransaction cost economics is a key topic in many conversations in business and economics related disciplines, much as a result of Oliver Williamson's intellectual crusade. By claiming a “distinct worldview,” he develops arguments of association and differentiation to established worldviews, like traditional microeconomics, earlier institutionalism, Austrian and radical economics, and also within the new institutional economics itself, in order to advance his theory. His resourcefulness defies straight argumentative decisions, catering to different audiences whilst trying to break new ground. Surely Williamson has not pleased everyone, but his discourse is greatly responsible for placing TCE in the everyday parlance of economics.
Water administration and the risk of syncope and presyncope during blood donation: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: van den Berg Karin , Lam Jameson , Bruhn Roberta , Custer Brian , Murphy Edward L. 
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND: Blood centers rely heavily on adolescent donors to meet blood demand, but presyncope and syncope are more frequent in younger donors. Studies have suggested administration of water before donation may reduce syncope and/or presyncope in this group.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to establish the effect of preloading with 500 mL of water on the rate of syncope and presyncope in adolescent donors. School collection sites in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were randomized to receive water or not. Incidence of syncope and presyncope was compared between randomization groups using multivariable logistic regression.RESULTS: Of 2464 study participants, 1337 received water and 1127 did not; groups differed slightly by sex and race. Syncope or presyncope was seen in 23 (1.7%) of the treatment and 18 (1.6%) of the control arm subjects. After adjusting for race, sex, age, and donation history, there was no difference in outcome between the water versus no water arms (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42‐1.53). Black donors had sevenfold lower odds of syncope or presyncope than their white counterparts (adjusted OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04‐0.47).CONCLUSION: Preloading adolescent donors with 500 mL of water did not have a major effect in reducing syncope and presyncope in South African adolescent donors. Our adolescent donors had lower overall syncope and presyncope rates than similar populations in the United States, limiting the statistical power of the study. We confirmed much lower rates of syncope and presyncope among young black donors.
Porphyromonas gingivalis infection at different gestation periods on fetus development and cytokines profile
Authors: Michelin MCAN , Teixeira SRL , Ando‐Suguimoto ES , Lucas SRR , Mayer MPA 
Published: April 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 648–654Aim:  Infective agents may affect pregnancy outcomes by deregulating homeostasis.Objectives:  The effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis infection before and at different gestation periods were evaluated.Materials and Methods:  Wistar rats infected via subcutaneous with P. gingivalis W83, one week before mating (BM), days 1 (PR1) and 11 of gestation (PR11), and controls were evaluated, and samples were obtained at the end of gestation. P. gingivalis was detected by PCR. Cytokine was determined by ELISA.Results:  Infected rats had lower maternal gain of weight. Implantation was not observed in 2/12 BM rats. PR11 presented more fetal‐placental resorptions and lower placenta/fetus weight than controls. P. gingivalis was detected in placenta and fetus. IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels were higher in placenta and serum of infected groups, except for TNF‐α in placenta of PR1. IL‐1β levels were higher in placenta of PR11, but lower in serum and placenta of PR1. There were no differences in IL‐10 and PGE2 concentrations among the groups (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  The experimental infection by P. gingivalis resulted in alterations in the gestational pattern and in fetal development. The consequences of infection at mid‐gestation were more severe than at the beginning, possibly due to the induction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the fetal compartment.
How Far to the Flame? Getting to the Point in 2012
Authors: Davies Neville , Marriott John , Richards Kate , Adams Lauren 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The Olympic flame can inspire young people to take up sport and develop their bodies. Neville Davies, John Marriott, Kate Richards and Lauren Adams have a way to help it develop their minds as well. The project was awarded the London Olympics Inspire Mark in October 2011.
Oral healthcare issues in rural residential aged care services in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Tham Rachel , Hardy Susan 
Published: April 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00652.x

Oral healthcare issues in rural residential aged care services in Victoria, Australia
Objectives:  To identify major issues in providing and accessing oral health care in Victorian rural residential aged care services from the perspectives of dentists, aged care staff and residents.Methods:  Structured interviews were conducted with five dentists, nine aged care staff and six residents. Three focus groups were conducted with aged care staff. These data were thematically analysed independently by two researchers.Results:  The challenges reported by dentists included complexity of care, infrastructure needs and need for skill development. Aged care staff reported lack of skills and confidence in providing oral hygiene care, especially in residents with natural teeth, and an increasing burden on their daily workload. Residents reported concern and shame regarding their declining oral health status and increased challenges accessing appropriate oral health care.Conclusion:  These findings indicate the need to build and sustain aged care ‘oral health teams’ who are able to provide daily oral hygiene care for residents and mentor other staff. Rural dentists need access to gerodontic training, portable equipment and appropriate workspaces in aged care services. Aged care and oral health services need to establish clear referral and communication pathways.
International comparison of long‐term care resident dependency across four countries (1998–2009): A descriptive study
Authors: Boyd Michal , Bowman Clive , Broad Joanna B , Connolly Martin J 
Published: April 2012

Aim:  To describe an international comparison of dependency of long‐term care residents.Methods:  All Auckland aged care residents were surveyed in 1998 and 2008 using the ‘Long‐Term Care in Auckland’ instrument. A large provider of residential aged care, Bupa‐UK, performed a similar but separate functional survey in 2003, again in 2006 (including UK Residential Nursing Home Association facilities), and in 2009 which included Bupa facilities in Spain, New Zealand and Australia. The survey questionnaires were reconciled and functional impairment rates compared.Results:  Of almost 90 000 residents, prevalence of dependent mobility ranged from 27 to 47%; chronic confusion, 46 to 75%; and double incontinence, 29 to 49%. Continence trends over time were mixed, chronic confusion increased, and challenging behaviour decreased.Conclusion:  Overall functional dependency for residents is high and comparable internationally. Available trends over time indicate increasing resident dependency signifying care required for this population is considerable and possibly increasing.