bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep‐Focus Earthquakes in Warm Slabs: Seismic Source Parameters in the Peru‐Brazil Region
Authors: Leite Neto G. S. , Prieto G. A. , Julià J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDeep‐focus earthquakes pose a significant challenge because their occurrence under extreme pressure and temperature conditions should inhibit nucleation through conventional brittle‐failure. Transformational faulting is generally accepted as a most plausible mechanism to explain deep‐focus seismicity, but it encounters limitations in warm slabs like Nazca because warm temperatures may hinder the preservation of a metastable olivine wedge. Aiming at elucidating the conditions and processes driving deep seismicity in warm slabs, we determined seismic source parameters (stress drop, seismic moment, radiated energy, seismic efficiency) for 13 deep‐focus earthquakes (4.8 ≤ Mw ≤ 7.4) in the Peru‐Brazil border region. Our results suggest that variations in stress drop can be significant (5–90 MPa) and that scaling between stress drop and seismic moment holds for a wider range of magnitudes (Mw 4.8 to 7.4) than previously reported. Radiated energies are in the 6.8 × 1010–1.9 × 1016 J range, with earthquakes in the 6.4–7.4 Mw magnitude range displaying the largest values (4.2 × 1014–1.9 × 1016 J). Most importantly, variable radiation efficiencies (0.1–1.4) suggest the coexistence of dissipative and brittle‐like ruptures within the slab segment. We propose that these values reflect different degrees of melting involved in the rupture process, possibly controlled by the release of water from hydrous phases in the source region. Moreover, dehydration reactions would be triggered by either the latent heat released from phase transformations or by shear heating, establishing an interplay between thermal runaway enhanced by melting and phase transformations promoted by the release of water.
Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 is important for mitochondrial functionality and non-small cell lung cancer cell growth
Authors: Zhao Yong , Wu Siyang , Cao Guohong , Song Peidong , Lan Chang-gong , Zhang Lin , Sang Yong-hua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Discovering new molecular targets for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is critically important. Enhanced mitochondrial function can promote NSCLC progression by enabling metabolic reprogramming, resistance to apoptosis, and increased cell proliferation. Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2), located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, is pivotal in regulating mitochondrial activities. This study examines MTCH2 expression and its functional role in NSCLC. Bioinformatic analysis showed that MTCH2 is overexpressed in NSCLC tissues, correlating with poor prognosis and other key clinical parameters of the patients. In addition, single-cell sequencing data revealed higher MTCH2 expression levels in cancer cells of NSCLC tumor mass. Moreover, MTCH2 is also upregulated in locally-treated NSCLC tissues and multiple primary/established human NSCLC cells. In various NSCLC cells, silencing MTCH2 via targeted shRNA or knockout (KO) using the CRISPR/Cas9 method significantly hindered cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while inducing apoptosis. MTCH2 knockdown or KO robustly impaired mitochondrial function, as indicated by reduced mitochondrial respiration, decreased complex I activity, lower ATP levels, lower mitochondrial membrane potential (mitochondrial depolarization), and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of MTCH2 in primary NSCLC cells enhanced mitochondrial complex I activity and ATP production, promoting cell proliferation and migration. In vivo, the intratumoral injection of MTCH2 shRNA adeno-associated virus (aav) impeded the growth of subcutaneous xenografts of primary NSCLC cells in nude mice. In MTCH2 shRNA aav-injected NSCLC xenograft tissues, there was decreases in MTCH2 expression, mitochondrial complex I activity, ATP content, and the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio, but increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBAR) activity. Additionally, MTCH2 silencing led to reduced Ki-67 staining but increased apoptosis in NSCLC xenografts. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that overexpressed MTCH2 promotes NSCLC cell growth potentially through the maintenance of mitochondrial hyper-function, highlighting MTCH2 as a novel and promising therapeutic target for treating this disease.
The impact of e-cigarette use on periodontal health: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tattar Rajpal , Jackson Joshua , Holliday Richard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS, e-cigarettes) are a popular alternative to traditional tobacco smoking. Objective: To evaluate the effect of ENDS use on periodontal health.

Methods
A protocol was published in accordance with PRISMA standards. Subjects with periodontal health, gingivitis and periodontitis were included. Reviews, case reports, letters, abstracts, narratives and expert opinions were excluded. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source up until February 2024. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, ROBINS-I and the RoB 2 tools.

Results
40 eligible studies were included. Smokers had poorer clinical outcomes than ENDS users and non-smokers/former smokers, apart from bleeding on probing and gingival indices. There was no difference between ENDS users and non-smokers/former smokers in markers of periodontal destruction (pocket probing depths/marginal bone loss). ENDS users had higher plaque scores than non-smokers/former smokers. ENDS use leads to unique microbial changes compared to tobacco smokers and higher pro-inflammatory markers compared to non-smokers/former smokers.

Conclusion
Within the limitations of the included studies which are at high risk of bias, we found evidence that ENDS use had some impact on periodontal parameters compared to non-smokers/former smokers. Tobacco smokers had consistently worst outcomes.

Registration PROSPERO 2024
CRD42024496560.
IoT integrated and deep learning assisted electrochemical sensor for multiplexed heavy metal sensing in water samples
Authors: Lahari Sreerama Amrutha , Kumawat Nikhil , Amreen Khairunnisa , Ponnalagu R. N. , Goel Sanket 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Heavy metal measurement is vital for ecological risk assessment and regulatory compliance. This study reports a sensor using gold nanoparticle-modified carbon thread electrodes for the simultaneous detection of Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Hg²⁺ in water samples. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed, achieving detection limits of 0.99 µM, 0.62 µM, 1.38 µM, and 0.72 µM, respectively, with a linear span of 1–100 µM. The sensor operated effectively in acidic conditions, with excellent selectivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. Real water samples from various lakes in Hyderabad, India, were analyzed to validate their practical application. To extract the sensing features a convolutional neural network (CNN) model was used to process DPV signals, enhancing heavy metal ion classification with high accuracy. Performance metrics such as precision, recall, and F1 score were evaluated. Integration with IoT technology has improved the user experience, advanced heavy metal quantification capabilities, and further enabled remote monitoring.
LMNA R482L mutation causes impairments in C2C12 myoblasts subpopulations, alterations in metabolic reprogramming during differentiation, and oxidative stress
Authors: Ivanova Oksana A. , Predeus Alexander V. , Sorokina Margarita Y. , Ignatieva Elena V. , Bobkov Danila E. , Sukhareva Kseniia S. , Kostareva Anna A. , Dmitrieva Renata I. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
LMNA mutations causing classical familial partial lipodystrophy of Dunnigan type (FPLD2) usually affect residue R482. FPLD is a severe metabolic disorder that often leads to cardiovascular and skeletal muscle complications. How LMNA mutations affect the functional properties of skeletal muscles is still not well understood. In the present project, we investigated the LMNA-R482L mutation-specific alterations in a transgenic mouse C2C12 cell line of myoblasts. Using single-cell RNA sequencing we have studied transcriptional diversity of cultured in vitro C2C12 cells. The LMNA-R482L mutation induces changes in C2C12 cluster composition and increases the expression of genes related to connective tissue development, oxidative stress, stress defense, and autophagy in a population-specific manner. Bulk RNA-seq confirmed these results and revealed the dysregulation of carbohydrate metabolism in differentiated R482L myotubes that was supported by ATP production profile evaluation. The measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and glutathione accumulation in myoblasts and myotubes indicates R482L mutation-related dysregulation in mechanisms that control ROS production and scavenging through antioxidant glutathione system. The increased accumulation of autophagy-related structures in R482L myoblasts was also shown. Overall, our experiments showed a connection between the redox status and metabolic alterations with skeletal muscle pathological phenotypes in cells bearing pathogenic LMNA mutation.
Polynomial modelling of high-quality yet incomplete rare earth element data sets and a holistic assessment of REE anomalies
Authors: Ernst David M. , Vogt Joachim , Bau Michael , Mues Malte 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are powerful proxies used in many (bio-)geochemical studies. Interpretation of REE data relies on normalised REE patterns and anomaly quantification, and requires complete data. Therefore, older, high-quality REE data determined by neutron activation or isotope dilution methods are often ignored, as they did not provide complete data. Similarly, modern analytical data can lack certain REEs due to quantification limits, interferences or usage of REE spikes. However, such data may be the only information available since sample material was consumed, sample locations became inaccessible, or samples represent past states of a dynamic natural system. Therefore, the ability to impute such high-quality data is of value for many geoscientific sub-disciplines. We use a polynomial modelling approach to impute missing REE data, verify the method’s applicability with a large data set (>13,000 samples; PetDB), and complement three originally incomplete REE data sets. Good fitting results (SD <6%) are supported by Monte Carlo simulations for assessing the model uncertainties (± 12%). Additionally, we provide a procedure to quantify REE anomalies, including uncertainties, which were usually not determined in the past but are essential for scientific comparison of REE anomaly data between different data sets. All Python scripts are provided.
Numerical investigation of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell conductivity at different parameters
Authors: Samir A. , Maowwad M. S. , Farahat M. A. , Talaat M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study uses the finite element technique to analyse a multi-dimensional model for a polyelectrolyte membrane fuel cell at high working temperature. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique implements and solves this model. In addition, the membrane’s thickness, and catalyst layer’s thickness parameters have been studied. Membrane thickness is varied from to and the length of the fuel cell from to. The performance of the fuel cell was studied, analysed, and discussed for each case using the polarization curves and output power. The results indicate that the performance of fuel cells is enhanced by a thinner membrane than a thicker one with an increase in loading. The performance is approximated at light loads. Furthermore, the concentration of water at the cathode side of the fuel cell is highly affected by the change in fuel cell length more than the thickness of the membrane. Comparative analysis with prior research demonstrates strong agreement with our consequences.
Hyperspectral imaging suggests potential for rapid quantification of fission products in spent nuclear fuel
Authors: Dunphy R. David , Parker Andrew J. , Bandala Manuel , Bennet Stuart , Boxall Colin , Chard Patrick , Cockbain Neil , Eaves David , Goddard Dave , Ma Xiandong , Taylor C. James , Wilbraham Richard , Zabalza Jaime , Murray Paul , Joyce Malcolm J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An analysis of sintered uranium dioxide has been conducted using a hyperspectral camera sensitive to short-wave infrared wavelengths in the range 949–2472 nm. Three groups of sintered UO2 nuclear fuel pellets were prepared and analysed, with stable sub-group surrogates introduced at the preparation stage to emulate the presence of fission product elements. Results show a clear, consistent, and reproducible spectral response across the pellet groups for pure UO2. Furthermore, the addition of fission product elements is observed to affect the shortwave infrared response, causing an overall flattening of the spectra. We have shown that this spectral change is correlated significantly with the presence of lanthanides in the fuel matrix. This result could have important potential in post-irradiation examination for quantifying nuclear fuel burn-up and radiotoxicity at discharge, as the hyperspectral imaging setup allows multiple (> 20) samples to be analysed in a single image, captured in under 30 s.
A comprehensive and quantitative SEM–EDS analytical process applied to lithium-ion battery electrodes
Authors: Kato Teruki , Goto Kunihiro , Niwa Takahiro , Shimizu Tsukasa , Fujii Akinobu , Okumura Bunyo , Oka Hideaki , Kadoura Hiroaki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) maps (SEM–EDS analysis) enables the analysis of the relationship between the microstructures and elemental compositions of the surfaces of materials. However, conventional SEM–EDS analyses lack comprehensiveness and quantitativeness, resulting in potential inaccuracies in reflecting the properties of the entire sample and variations in the results depending on the analyst. Therefore, herein, we propose an objective SEM–EDS analytical process that addresses the aforementioned issues. Comprehensiveness was addressed by acquiring large volumes of SEM images through automated capturing, whereas quantitativeness was addressed through microstructural analysis of the SEM images based on image features, model-based dimension reduction and clustering methods, and similarity analysis of the elemental distribution in EDS maps based on statistical distances. The proposed method was used to analyze the degradation of lithium-ion battery electrodes, affording objective results that align with subjective insights into the changes in the morphology and composition of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films accompanying degradation.
Coordinating multiple mental faculties during learning
Authors: Luo Xiaoliang , Mok Robert M. , Roads Brett D. , Love Bradley C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Complex behavior is supported by the coordination of multiple brain regions. How do brain regions coordinate absent a homunculus? We propose coordination is achieved by a controller-peripheral architecture in which peripherals (e.g., the ventral visual stream) aim to supply needed inputs to their controllers (e.g., the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) while expending minimal resources. We developed a formal model within this framework to address how multiple brain regions coordinate to support rapid learning from a few example images. The model captured how higher-level activity in the controller shaped lower-level visual representations, affecting their precision and sparsity in a manner that paralleled brain measures. In particular, the peripheral encoded visual information to the extent needed to support the smooth operation of the controller. Alternative models optimized by gradient descent irrespective of architectural constraints could not account for human behavior or brain responses, and, typical of standard deep learning approaches, were unstable trial-by-trial learners. While previous work offered accounts of specific faculties, such as perception, attention, and learning, the controller-peripheral approach is a step toward addressing next generation questions concerning how multiple faculties coordinate.
Single-cell copy number calling and event history reconstruction
Authors: Kuipers Jack , Anıl Tuncel Mustafa , Ferreira Pedro F , Jahn Katharina , Beerenwinkel Niko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Motivation
Copy number alterations are driving forces of tumour development and the emergence of intra-tumour heterogeneity. A comprehensive picture of these genomic aberrations is therefore essential for the development of personalised and precise cancer diagnostics and therapies. Single-cell sequencing offers the highest resolution for copy number profiling down to the level of individual cells. Recent high-throughput protocols allow for the processing of hundreds of cells through shallow whole-genome DNA sequencing. The resulting low read-depth data poses substantial statistical and computational challenges to the identification of copy number alterations.

Results
We developed SCICoNE, a statistical model and MCMC algorithm tailored to single-cell copy number profiling from shallow whole-genome DNA sequencing data. SCICoNE reconstructs the history of copy number events in the tumour and uses these evolutionary relationships to identify the copy number profiles of the individual cells. We show the accuracy of this approach in evaluations on simulated data and demonstrate its practicability in applications to two breast cancer samples from different sequencing protocols.

Availability
SCICoNE is available at https://github.com/cbg-ethz/SCICoNE.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Beyond methane consumption: “Exploring the potential of methanotrophic bacteria to produce secondary metabolites
Authors: Krause Sascha M B , van den Berg Naomi Iris , Brenzinger Kristof , Zweers Hans , Bodelier Paul L E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Microbial methane-consuming communities significantly impact biogeochemical processes and greenhouse gas emissions. In this study we explored secondary metabolites produced by methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) and their ecological roles. We analyzed volatile profiles of four MOB strains under controlled conditions and conducted a meta-analysis using high-quality genomes from 62 cultured MOB strains and 289 metagenome-assembled genomes to investigate their potential for producing secondary metabolites. Results show species-specific volatile production, such as germacrene by Methylobacter luteus, which may play a role in the regulation of environmental methane consumption. The meta-analysis revealed that biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for terpenes and betalactones were more prevalent in the Methylocystaceae and/or Beijerinckiaceae families, while aryl polyene BGCs were dominant in the Methylococcaceae family, reflecting habitat-specific adaptations. These findings advance our understanding of the metabolic capabilities of MOB and underscore the importance of integrating experimental data with genomic and metabolomic analyses to elucidate their ecology, environmental interactions, and contributions to methane cycling.
Electrical stimulation attenuates muscle atrophy induced by brachial plexus injury via upregulating HO-1 expression in rats
Authors: Qin Hongjiu , Du Xing , Hu Bin , Ma Tao 
Published: February 2025

Background:
In cases of global brachial plexus injury, long-term denervation results in severe muscle atrophy in the hand. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of electrical stimulation (ES) on denervated intrinsic forepaw muscle (IFM) induced by global brachial plexus avulsion (GBPA) in rats, and whether heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is involved in the effect of ES on denervated IFM atrophy.

Methods:
We established a GBPA rat model and denervated IFM was electrically stimulated at different frequencies (2, 10 and 20 Hz). Muscle fiber cross-sectional area, capillary supply and muscular HO-1 protein level were measured. Additionally, the expression of HO-1 was locally blocked by injecting the siRNA into IFM to determine the possible role of HO-1 in ES antiatrophic effect. Several key regulators of muscle protein synthesis and degradation were determined.

Results:
All the stimulation protocols were able to ameliorate muscle capillary loss after denervation. ES at 20 Hz significantly attenuated denervated IFM atrophy. The protective effects of ES were markedly weakened by local injection of the HO-1 siRNA. Meanwhile, the expressions of MuRF-1, MAFbx, BNIP3 and LC3B-II/I ratio were upregulated by denervation, whereas ES treatment attenuated the increment. Low muscular HO-1 level almost completely suppressed the ability of ES to inhibit the hydrolysis activity of autophagy-lysosomal pathway.

Conclusion:
ES at 20 Hz, using a clinically translatable protocol, is recommended to delay denervated IFM atrophy. Activation of HO-1 is an important mechanism involved in the protective effects of ES against denervation-related muscle atrophy.

Clinical relevance statement:
Muscular HO-1 may be a potential molecular marker for the instruction and optimization of stimulus settings. Muscle-targeted upregulation of HO-1 may be a promising strategy for retarding denervation-related muscle atrophy.
The Effects of Orbicularis Muscle and Suborbicularis Fat Fixation in Subbrow Blepharoplasty
Authors: Hu Xiaogen , Wang Chengyuan 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Subbrow blepharoplasty has become popular in Asian populations for redundant skin and lateral hooding in the upper lid. How to imrpove the effects of the procedure becomes urgent.

Objective:
To investigate the effects of orbicularis muscle and suborbicularis fat fixation in subbrow blepharoplasty.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study. Thirty-eight patients were subjected to the operation from January 2018 to June 2024. All patients had dermatochalasis and lateral hooding of the upper eyelid. In the procedure of subbrow blepharoplasty, the orbicularis muscle flap in combination of the suborbicularis fat was pulled up and fixed to the periosteum over the suraorbital rim. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 2 years. The results were evaluated. The complications were reviewed.

Results:
The resection of skin was 12.2±1.9 mm in width. The length of subbrow skin excised was 39.4±4.4 mm. The height correction of the brow descending was 2.8±1.0 mm at the midpupil line and 3.8±1.0 mm at the lateral canthus line. The operative time of both sides was about 50 minutes. Thirty-seven patients (97.4%) were satisfied with the surgical results, 1 patient (2.6%) complained about slight asymmetry. There was no serious complications related to surgery.

Conclusions:
Subbrow blepharoplasty incorporated with orbicularis muscle and suborbicularis fat fixation is reliable with high patient satisfaction in the patients with dermatochalasis and lateral hooding of the upper eyelid.