bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male mating tactics in spider monkeys: sneaking to compete
Authors: Gibson K. Nicole 
Published: April 2010

AbstractI investigated the mating system and male mating tactics for a population of wild spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth chamek), to identify the behaviors males used to achieve and maintain access to sexually receptive females, and to examine if some males used more tactics than other males and/or had differential access to females. Results show that the mating system mostly involved scramble competition polygyny and that males used a range of mating tactics and behaviors, previously unreported for spider monkeys. The most unusual feature of spider monkey mating behavior was the secretive nature of copulations—nearly all copulations were clandestine, but a few were in the presence of other group members. Fifteen sexually mature males were observed to copulate 43 times. These data provide the first opportunity to evaluate how female availability influences male–male competition. First, the operational sex ratio was highly skewed toward males because usually only one female was receptive in each community per month. Second, females only mated with a few males in their community in any one mating period, but some females mated over the course of multiple consecutive mating periods, eventually mating with most or all of the males in their community. Across all communities, 9 (21%) of the 43 copulations involved a single male–female partner, 20 (47%) involved four males mating with the same female, and males mated with from one to four different females. Fourteen of the 16 total adult males and 1 subadult male (10 total) copulated. One or two males in each community were successful in monopolizing access to receptive females, and these males did not usually have the highest rates of copulation. In this system, clandestine copulations are one behavioral solution to the complex problem of gaining mating exclusivity and, probably, exercising mate choice. Am. J. Primatol. 72:794–804, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Herbivorous fishes and the potential of Caribbean marine reserves to preserve coral reef ecosystems
Authors: Kopp Dorothée , Bouchon‐Navaro Yolande , Louis Max , Mouillot David , Bouchon Claude 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The development of macroalgae to the detriment of corals is now one of the major threats to coral reefs. Herbivorous fishes are partly responsible for algal regulation on coral reefs and their overexploitation favours the shift from scleractinian coral‐dominated systems towards macroalgae‐dominated systems.
Marine protected areas (MPAs) that have been established worldwide may benefit coral reefs through the maintenance of high densities of herbivorous fishes which regulate algal growth.
The paper assesses whether small MPAs in the Caribbean are able to enhance herbivorous fish stock and by controlling macroalgae help to maintain reef ecosystems. A visual census using band‐transects was undertaken around Guadeloupe island where marine reserves have been in place since 1979. The effects of MPAs on both benthic communities and herbivorous fishes are examined.
Inside MPAs, herbivorous fish biomass was almost twice as high as outside MPAs and macroalgal cover was significantly lower. Fish size class distributions revealed that large individuals occurred mainly inside MPAs and that few male individuals were found outside MPAs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homogeneous Analysis: Label‐Free and Substrate‐Free Aptasensors
Authors: Li Bingling , Dong Shaojun , Wang Erkang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this Focus Review, we introduce a kind of “label‐free” and “substrate‐free” (LFSF) aptasensor that carries out the whole sensing process in a homogeneous solution. This means that commonly used covalent label; separation, and immobilization steps in biosensors are successfully avoided, which simplifies the sensing operations to the greatest degree. After brief description about the advantages of aptamers and “LFSF” aptasensors, the main content of the review is divided into fluorescent aptasenors, calorimetric aptasensors, and hemin‐aptamer‐DNAzyme “LFSF” aptasensors, which are three most widely developed sensing systems in this field. It is hoped that this review can provide an overall scene about how aptamers function as ideal recognition elements in smart analysis.
Development of a High‐Throughput Screening Platform for DNA 3′‐Phosphatases and Their Inhibitors Based on a Universal Molecular Beacon and Quantitative Real‐time PCR
Authors: Song Chen , Zhang Chen , Zhao Mei‐Ping 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDNA 3′‐phosphatases play a unique role in the repair of strand breaks induced by DNA damaging agents, such as ionizing radiation or oxidative stress. In this paper, we present an efficient detection system for rapid screening of DNA 3′‐phosphatases and their inhibitors. A unique template substrate has been designed to hybridize with the universal molecular beacon (U‐MB), and the detection process is carried out in a quantitative real‐time PCR. The method is successfully applied to monitor the activity and kinetics of two typical 3′‐phosphatases, that is, T4 polynucleotide kinase phosphatase (PNKP) and calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIP). The inhibition effect of heparin on T4 PNKP and theophylline on CIP is also quantitatively characterized. The proposed method is demonstrated to be very useful for sensitive, high‐throughput, and precise measurement of various 3′‐phosphatases and their inhibitors.
The Cygnus X region: XXIII. Is 18P87 galactic or extragalactic?
Authors: Behre O.P. , Wendker H.J. , Higgs L.A. , Landecker T.L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe radio source 18P87, previously thought to be a point source, has been serendipitously found to be resolved into a core‐jet geometry in VLA maps. H I absorption of continuum emission (in data from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey) appears in gas with radial velocities >+2 km/s but not in brightly emitting gas at lower radial velocity. Examination of further archival observations at radio, infrared and optical wavelengths suggests that the “obvious” interpretation as a radio galaxy requires a rather unusual object of this kind and a highly unusual local line of sight. We argue that 18P87 may be a Galactic object, a local astrophysical jet. If this is correct it could have arisen from outbursts of a microquasar (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Eastern filament of W50
Authors: Abolmasov P. , Maryeva O. , Burenkov A.N. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe present new spectral (FPI and long‐slit) data on the Eastern optical filament of the well known radionebula W50 associated with SS433. We find that on sub‐parsec scales different emission lines are emitted by different regions with evidently different physical conditions. Kinematical properties of the ionized gas show evidence for moderately high (V ∼ 100 km s–1) supersonic motions. [O III]λ 5007 emission is found to be multi‐component and differs from lowerexcitation [S II]λ 6717 line both in spatial and kinematical properties. Indirect evidence for very low characteristic densities of the gas (n ∼ 0.1 cm–3) is found. We propose radiative (possibly incomplete) shock waves in low‐density, moderately high metallicity gas as the most probable candidate for the power source of the optical filament. Apparent nitrogen overabundance is better understood if the location of W50 in the Galaxy is taken into account (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Masses and luminosities of O‐ and B‐type stars and red supergiants
Authors: Hohle M.M. , Neuhäuser R. , Schutz B.F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMassive stars are of interest as progenitors of supernovae, i.e. neutron stars and black holes, which can be sources of gravitational waves. Recent population synthesis models can predict neutron star and gravitational wave observations but deal with a fixed supernova rate or an assumed initial mass function for the population of massive stars. Here we investigate those massive stars, which are supernova progenitors, i.e. with O‐ and early B‐type stars, and also all supergiants within 3 kpc. We restrict our sample to those massive stars detected both in 2MASS and observed by Hipparcos, i.e. only those stars with parallax and precise photometry. To determine the luminosities we calculated the extinctions from published multi‐colour photometry, spectral types, luminosity class, all corrected for multiplicity and recently revised Hipparcos distances. We use luminosities and temperatures to estimate the masses and ages of these stars using different models from different authors. Having estimated the luminosities of all our stars within 3 kpc, in particular for all O‐ and early B‐type stars, we have determined the median and mean luminosities for all spectral types for luminosity classes I, III, and V. Our luminosity values for supergiants deviate from earlier results: Previous work generally overestimates distances and luminosities compared to our data, this is likely due to Hipparcos parallaxes (generally more accurate and larger than previous ground‐based data) and the fact that many massive stars have recently been resolved into multiples of lower masses and luminosities. From luminosities and effective temperatures we derived masses and ages using mass tracks and isochrones from different authors. From masses and ages we estimated lifetimes and derived a lower limit for the supernova rate of ≈20 events/Myr averaged over the next 10 Myr within 600 pc from the sun. These data are then used to search for areas in the sky with higher likelihood for a supernova or gravitational wave event (like OB associations) (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A uvbyβ photometric analysis of the Monoceros star‐forming field
Authors: Kaltcheva N. , Kuchera A. , Hathaway C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis investigation presents a new analysis of the spatial distribution of the bright early‐type stars in the field of Northern Monoceros. A database of all O–B9 stars with available uvbyβ photometry is collated and a homogeneous distance scale is established for the clusters and layers of field stars. We provide revised distances for NGC 2264 and NGC 2244 of 833±38 (s.e.) pc and 1585±60 (s.e.) pc, respectively. We present arguments that there might be substructures in the clusters projected along the line of sight. According to the present sample the classical Mon OB2 association at 1.6 kpc is represented by a relatively compact group at 1.26 kpc in the vicinity of NGC 2244 and a layer of massive stars located between 1.5 and 3 kpc (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Messergebnisse und bauphysikalische Lösungsansätze zur Problematik der Holzbalkenköpfe in Außenwänden mit Innendämmung
Authors: Stopp Horst , Strangfeld Peter , Toepel Torsten , Anlauft Eva 
Published: April 2010

AbstractErstaunlich lange bestehen Unsicherheiten in der Beurteilung der bauphysikalischen Situation von Holzbalkenköpfen in Außenwänden mit Innendämmung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die gegenwärtige Situation sowie laufende Messungen in Verbindung mit verschiedenen Lösungsansätzen in mehreren Objekten einschließlich erster neuer Messergebnisse dargelegt. Mittels laufender und zukünftiger Projekte sollen messtechnisch und rechnerisch belegte Grundlagen sowie Bemessungshilfen für die Praxis erarbeitet werden.Measurement results and building physics solutions for dealing with the problem of joist ends in external walls with internal insulation. Uncertainty regarding the assessment of the building physics situation of joist ends in external walls with internal insulation has existed for a surprisingly long time. This article takes a look at the current situation and presents current test scenarios set up for different solutions in several properties, including the first new measurement results. On the basis of ongoing and future projects, it is intended to establish tested and calculated principles and design aids for practical applications.
Abhängigkeiten des Raumklimas im jahreszeitlichen Verlauf
Authors: Kornadt Oliver , Geyer Christoph , Hofmann Markus 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFür eine Vielzahl von bauphysikalischen Untersuchungen zur Behaglichkeit, zum sommerlichen Wärmeschutz oder zum Mindestwärmeschutz sind dynamische, also zeitabhängige Simulationen erforderlich. Diese Berechnungen benötigen als Eingabegrößen neben den zeitabhängigen Außenklimabedingungen auch die Jahresverläufe der Raumklimadaten von Gebäuden. In diesem Beitrag werden Messungen des Raumklimas über einen Zeitraum von vier Jahren in einem natürlich belüfteten Bad vorgestellt. Die Messergebnisse sollen die vorhandenen Messergebnisse zu Raumklimadaten in Gebäuden erweitern. Für die Messergebnisse werden Tages‐ und Jahresgängen der Temperatur‐ und Feuchteverläufe in Form von statistischen Ausgleichsfunktionen abgeleitet. Darüber hinaus werden Abhängigkeiten des Raumklimas von dem Außenklima bestimmt. Schließlich wird untersucht, inwieweit die Messergebnisse mit vorhandenen Raumklimamodellen übereinstimmen.Indoor climate as a function of seasonal effects. Dynamic, timedependent, construction‐physical simulations are necessary for a variety of studies on comfort, summer heat or minimum heat insulation. The values for these calculations need to be taken in timedependent outdoor climate conditions as well as the yearly cycles of the buildings’ indoor climate conditions. This article introduces indoor climate measurements over a period of four years in a naturally ventilated bathroom. The results of the measurements are meant to be added to the existing measurements to provide the most accurate results for indoor climate data in buildings. To acquire the most accurate data, daily and yearly cycles of temperature and humidity behaviors were derived in the form of statistical equations. Furthermore, the indoor climate’s dependencies on the outdoor climate are also acquired. Finally, the conformity of the measuring results with the existing indoor climate models is examined.
Analytisch hergeleitete Anforderungen an den Luftschallschutz zwischen Wohnräumen nach Entwurf VDI 4100
Authors: Moll Wolfgang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn Heft 4 der Bauphysik vom August 2009 hat der Verfasser eine Alternative zur bisher üblichen Art der Festlegung von Anforderungen an den Luftschallschutz zwischen Wohnungen empfohlen. Die Aufnahme dieses Vorschlages in die neue VDI 4100 wurde beschlossen und zum Entwurf (Gelbdruck) verabschiedet.Requirements for airborne sound insulation between rooms analytical derivated according to VDI 4100. In BAUPHYSIK No. 4, August 2009, the author recommended a new method to determine the requirements for airborne sound insulation between rooms. It has been decided to integrate this proposal into the new draft of the German standard VDI 4100.
Schulsanierung
Authors: Gertis Karl , Sedlbauer Klaus 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDie Modernisierung von Schulgebäuden ist eine dringende Zukunftsaufgabe, weil der Zustand der ca. 40.000 deutschen Schulen in vielen Fällen von ihrem Zuschnitt, ihrer Bauqualität, ihrem Raumklima und ihrer Ausstattung her nicht mehr zeitgemäß ist. Dabei gibt es kein allgemein gültiges Patentrezept; viele Verbesserungsmaßnahmen stehen zur Verfügung, die sehr erfolgreich sein können, z. B. Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz, der Luftqualität in den Klassenräumen, der Raumakustik und Sprachverständlichkeit, des Grundrisses, der Erschließungs‐ und Kommunikationsflächen. Bei der Modernisierung müssen die Investitionskosten der Baumaßnahme gemeinsam mit den künftigen Betriebskosten betrachtet werden. Bei der Kostenkalkulation für Modernisierungen hat sich die Methode der “Kostenpotential‐Polygone” bewährt. Sie zeigt dem Investor auf, bis wohin sich Investitionen bei bestimmten Zukunftsszenarien lohnen.School refurbishment. The modernisation of school buildings is an urgent task for the future because the condition of the approx. 40,000 German schools is in many cases no longer appropriate with regards to their layout, the quality of the built fabric, the interior climate, and furniture and equipment. No generally applicable blueprint is available; many upgrade measures can be employed which can be very successful in achieving an improvement in e.g. energy efficiency, classroom air quality, acoustic conditions and audibility, layout, circulation and communication spaces. When carrying out modernisation works, the capital cost of the works has to be considered together with future operating costs. When carrying out cost calculations for modernisation projects, the ‘cost‐potential curve’ method has proven useful. This method shows the investor to what degree investments are viable given certain future scenarios.
Neue Wärmeleitfähigkeitsstufen und Leistungsfähigkeit neuer Dämmstoffe
Authors: Albrecht Wolfgang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSeit der Einführung der europäischen Dämmstoffnormen, der deutschen Bemessungsnorm DIN V 4108‐4 und der deutschen Anwendungsnorm DIN 4108‐10 ist die Angabe der Wärmeleitfähigkeit in 1 mW/(m · K)‐Stufen auch in Deutschland möglich. Das brachte eine Vielzahl von neuen Produkten im Bereich der Dämmstoffe hervor. Ausgelöst durch neue Energieeinspargesetze gibt es einen starken Trend zu niedrigeren Wärmeleitfähigkeitswerten und größeren Dämmschichtdicken. An einzelnen Beispielen aus dem Bereich der Dämmstoffe wird die Leistungsfähigkeit der neuen Produkte dargestellt und auf die voraussichtliche Entwicklung in den nächsten Jahren hingewiesen.New thermal conductivity steps and performance of new thermal insulation products. Since the introduction of the European standards for thermal insulation products, the German standard for design values DIN V 4108‐4 and the German applicaton standard DIN 4108‐10 the statement of the thermal conductivity in 1 mW/ (m · K) steps is possible. This created a lot of new products in the range of thermal insulation products. Due to new energy saving regulations a strong trend to lower thermal conductivity values and greater insulation thicknesses is observed. On the basis of individual examples the performance of the new products is described and the expected developments in the next years is indicated.
Thromboelastographic and pharmacokinetic profiles of micro‐ and macro‐emulsions of propofol in swine
Authors: Morey Timothy E. , Modell Jerome H. , Garcia Jorge E. , Bewernitz Michael , Derendorf Hartmut , Varshney Manoj , Gravenstein Nikolaus , Shah Dinesh O. , Dennis Donn M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPurpose. Compared with traditional macroemulsion propofol formulations currently in clinical use, microemulsion formulations of this common intravenous anesthetic may offer advantages. The pharmacokinetics and coagulation effects as assessed by thromboelastography of these formulations were characterized in swine.Methods.Yorkshire swine (20–30 kg, either sex,n=15) were sedated, anesthetized with isoflurane, and instrumented to obtain a tracheostomy, internal jugular access and carotid artery catheterization. Propofol (2 mg/kg, 30 s) was administered as a macroemulsion (10 mg/ml; Diprivan®;n=7) or a custom (2 mg/kg, 30 s) microemulsion (10 mg/ml;n=8). Arterial blood specimens acquired pre‐ and post‐injection (1 and 45 min) were used for thromboelastography. Arterial blood specimens (n=12 samples/subject, 60 min) were serially collected, centrifuged and analysed with solid‐phase extraction with UPLC to determine propofol plasma concentrations. Non‐compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was applied to plasma concentrations.Results. No changes were noted in the thromboelastographicRtime (p=0.74),Ktime (p=0.41),αangle (p=0.97), or maximal amplitude (p=0.71) for either propofol preparation. Pharmacokinetic parametersk(p=0.45),t1/2(p=0.26),Co(p=0.89),AUC0−∞(p=0.23),CL(p=0.14),MRT(p=0.47),Vss(p=0.11) of the two formulations were not significantly different.Conclusion. The microemulsion and macroemulsion propofol formulations had similar pharmacokinetics and did not modify thromboelastographic parameters in swine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion channel activity of transmembrane segment 6 of Escherichia coli proton‐dependent manganese transporter
Authors: Ňuňuková Věra , Urbánková Eva , Jelokhani‐Niaraki Masoud , Chaloupka Roman 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSynthetic peptides corresponding to the sixth transmembrane segment (TMS6) of secondary‐active transporter MntH (Proton‐dependent Manganese Transporter) from Escherichia coli and its two mutations in the functionally important conserved histidine residue were used as a model for structure–function study of MntH. The secondary structure of the peptides was estimated in different environments using circular dichroism spectroscopy. These peptides interacted with and adopted helical conformations in lipid membranes. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that TMS6 was able to form multi‐state ion channels in model biological membranes. Electrophysiological properties of these weakly cation‐selective ion channels were strongly dependent on the surrounding pH. Manganese ion, as a physiological substrate of MntH, enhanced the conductivity of TMS6 channels, influenced the transition between closed and open states, and affected the peptide conformations. Moreover, functional properties of peptides carrying two different mutations of His211 were analogous to in vivo functional characteristics of Nramp/MntH proteins mutated at homologous residues. Hence, a single functionally important TMS can retain some of the functional properties of the full‐length protein. These findings could contribute to understanding the structure–function relationship at the molecular level. However it remains unclear to what extent the peptide‐specific channel activity represents a functional aspect of the full‐length membrane carrier protein. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 718–726, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Development of a pouch functional score following restorative proctocolectomy
Authors: Lovegrove R E , Fazio V W , Remzi F H , Tilney H S , Nicholls R J , Tekkis P P 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of function on quality of life after primary restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) was determined with the aim of developing a pouch functional score.MethodsThe Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) score was determined in 4013 patients undergoing RPC between 1977 and 2005 (mean(s.d.) follow-up 7·0(5·1) years; 13 105 follow-up episodes). Linear regression analysis was used to identify independent symptom domains of function as possible predictors of quality of life to develop and validate a pouch functional score.ResultsCGQL scores at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years were 85·0, 87·5, 87·5, 85·0 and 82·5 respectively (P = 0·001). On multivariable analysis, the symptom domains of stool frequency (24 h, nocturnal), urgency, incontinence and medication (antidiarrhoeals, antibiotics) were independently associated with CGQL (P &lt; 0·001). The β coefficients within each symptom domain were then adjusted to create a scale of 0–30 for practical use, the Pouch Functional Score (PFS), which correlated with the CGQL score (rs = −0·47, P &lt; 0·001).ConclusionStool frequency, urgency, incontinence and need for medication are major determinants of quality of life following RPC. The PFS demonstrated good correlation with CGQL.