bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La turfigenèse à la fin du Subboréal et au Subatlantique dans les tourbières basses du Massif Central oriental granitique (France): une manifestation de l'action humaine ?[ Peat inception and peat accumulation at the end of the Sub Boreal and during the Sub-Atlantic in the granitic eastern Massif central (France) : an evidence for human activity ]
Authors: Cubizolle Hervé , Georges Vincent , Latour Catherine , Argant Jacqueline , Serieyssol Karen 
Published: October 2009

Des études interdisciplinaires géomorphologiques et paléoécologiques montrent que de nombreuses petites tourbières plates minérogènes du Massif central oriental granitique, ne doivent leur existence qu'à la présence d'obstacles qui barrent les têtes de bassin versant. La plupart de ces tourbières n'auraient jamais pu se développer sans ces barrages, les contextes climatiques et hydro-géomorphologiques régionaux n'étant pas toujours favorables a leur mise en place, particulièrement en dessous de 800 m d'altitude.
La présence de ces cordons rectilignes composés de terre ou de blocs dont on discute l'origine et la fonction, ou de ces constructions à parements en pierres supportant des chemins carrossables, a gêné l'évacuation de l'eau vers l'aval. Le bilan hydrique devenu nul ou positif a permis le développement d'une végétation turfigène et l'accumulation de tourbe sur des épaisseurs pouvant atteindre 3,50 m. Dans certains cas la tourbe surmonte des dépôts colluviaux sablo-graveleux a niveaux riches en bois.
L'âge radiocarbone le plus ancien obtenu dans ces dépôts se place autour de 3300 BP, soit a l'Age du Bronze Moyen. Quant a la turfigenèse elle démarre au plus tôt a la fin de l'Age du Bronze (2780 +/- 45 BP).
Un essai de reconstitution paléoenvironnementale a été entrepris sur le site du Verdier (massif des Bois Noirs) grâce a deux spectres palynologique et diatomologique provenant de la base du remplissage. Les changements du couvert végétal autour de ces zones humides ont pu être décrits et des indices polliniques de présence humaine mis en évidence. Celle-ci ne s'affirme clairement qu'entre 2130 et 2005 BP, les datations par le radiocarbone obtenues ne permettant malheureusement pas d'être plus précis. Elle semble ensuite soit régresser soit changer de nature entre 1840 et 1780 BP. Quant aux diatomées, elles montrent le maximum de hauteur d'eau a la base de la tourbière, tandis que le niveau le plus bas enregistré est calé entre 1840 et 1780 BP.
Toujours est-il que ces petites tourbières basses associées à des obstacles, très nombreuses dans le Massif central oriental entre 600 et 1200 m d'altitude, présentent un intérêt majeur pour la connaissance de l'histoire des paysages et de l'occupation humaine dans cette région montagneuse ou les prospections archéologiques au sol sont rendues extrêmement difficiles par un couvert végétal composé de forêts et de prés, et par l'absence de grands travaux.
The Convolution Sum Σm<n/16σ(m)σ(n – 16m)
Authors: Alaca Ayşe , Alaca Şaban , Williams Kenneth S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe convolution sum Σm<n/16 σ(m)σ(n–16m) is evaluated for all n ∈ ℕ. This evaluation is used to determine the number of representations of n by the quadratic form .
Hinčin's Theorem for Multiplicative Free Convolution
Authors: Belinschi S. T. , Bercovici H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHinčin proved that any limit law, associated with a triangular array of infinitesimal random variables, is infinitely divisible. The analogous result for additive free convolution was proved earlier by Bercovici and Pata. In this paper we will prove corresponding results for the multiplicative free convolution of measures defined on the unit circle and on the positive half-line.
Rearrangement-Invariant Functionals with Applications to Traces on Symmetrically Normed Ideals
Authors: Kalton Nigel , Sukochev Fyodor 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe present a construction of singular rearrangement invariant functionals on Marcinkiewicz function/operator spaces. The functionals constructed differ from all previous examples in the literature in that they fail to be symmetric. In other words, the functional ϕ fails the condition that if (Hardy-Littlewood-Polya submajorization) and 0 ≤ x, y, then 0 ≤ ϕ(x) ≤ ϕ(y). We apply our results to singular traces on symmetric operator spaces (in particular on symmetrically-normed ideals of compact operators), answering questions raised by Guido and Isola.
Zero Cycles on a Twisted Cayley Plane
Authors: Petrov V. , Semenov N. , Zainoulline K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLet k be a field of characteristic not 2, 3. Let G be an exceptional simple algebraic group over k of type F4, 1E6 or E7 with trivial Tits algebras. Let X be a projective G-homogeneous variety. If G is of type E7, we assume in addition that the respective parabolic subgroup is of type P7. The main result of the paper says that the degree map on the group of zero cycles of X is injective.
Numerical Modelling of Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Horizontal Metal‐Foam Tubes
Authors: Lu Wei , Zhao Chang‐Ying 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe flow boiling heat transfer performance in horizontal metal‐foam tubes is numerically investigated based on the flow pattern map retrieved from experimental investigations. The flow pattern and velocity profile are generally governed by vapour quality and mass flow rate of the fluid. The porous media non‐equilibrium heat transfer model is employed for modelling both vapour and liquid phase zones. The modelling predictions have been compared with experimental results. The effects of metal‐foam morphological parameters, heat flux and mass flux on heat transfer have been examined. The numerical predictions show that the overall heat transfer coefficient of the metal‐foam filled tube increases with the relative density (1‐porosity), pore density (ppi), mass and heat flux.
High‐Performance Air‐Processed Polymer–Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Nam Chang‐Yong , Su Dong , Black Charles T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHigh photovoltaic device performance is demonstrated in ambient‐air‐processed bulk heterojunction solar cells having an active blend layer of organic poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT): [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), with power conversion efficiencies as high as 4.1%, which is comparable to state‐of‐the‐art bulk heterojunction devices fabricated in air‐free environments. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy is combined with detailed analysis of electronic carrier transport in order to quantitatively understand the effects of oxygen exposure and different thermal treatments on electronic conduction through the highly nanostructured active blend network. Improvement in photovoltaic device performance by suitable post‐fabrication thermal processing results from the reduced oxygen charge trap density in the active blend layer and is consistent with a corresponding slight increase in thickness of an ∼4 nm aluminum oxide hole‐blocking layer present at the electron‐collecting contact interface.
Characterization of flow regime transition and particle motion using acoustic emission measurement in a gas‐solid fluidized bed
Authors: Jingdai Wang , Congjing Ren , Yongrong Yang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractParticle motion is a major determinant of the dynamical performance of a fluidized bed. It plays an important role in determining and optimizing the complex correlation of fluidization condition between particle‐particle and particle‐environment in a system. A passive acoustic emission (AE) technique is applied to monitor, characterize, and control the fluidization condition of polyethylene particles in a gas‐solid fluidized bed. Experimental results show that AE signals are very sensitive to the particle movements by analyzing energy distribution, which can help to understand the status of the system. The AE energy temporal analysis is further used to identify the transition of flow regimes. Moreover, the activity of particle motion can be quantitatively determined by using a combination of granular temperature and AE spatial energy analysis. This work provides valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of particles in a gas‐solid fluidized bed based on AE technique. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Modeling the mass transfers during the elaboration of chitosan‐activated carbon composites for medical applications
Authors: Venault A. , Bouyer D. , Pochat‐Bohatier C. , Faur C. , Vachoud L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHydrogels composites composed of chitosan and activated carbon were prepared for medical applications using the vapor‐induced phase separation process. Since the gelation process involves mass exchanges between the polymer solution and the air, the kinetics of mass transfer were investigated through experimental and modeling approaches. Among the formulation and process parameters, gravimetric measurements exhibited that mass transfers were mostly controlled by the initial ammonia partial pressure. A nonisotherm mass‐transfer model was developed to predict the nonsolvent and solvent exchange rates, therefore, the water and ammonia concentration profiles within the sample during the process. The numerical results were successively validated with gravimetrical kinetic curves obtained in a chamber where the process parameters were controlled. The model aimed also at predicting the pH moving front along the film thickness. The gelation time could also be predicted for different operating conditions (formulation and process parameters). © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Genetic modifiers of the severity of sickle cell anemia identified through a genome‐wide association study
Authors: Sebastiani Paola , Solovieff Nadia , Hartley Stephen W. , Milton Jacqueline N. , Riva Alberto , Dworkis Daniel A. , Melista Efthymia , Klings Elizabeth S. , Garrett Melanie E. , Telen Marilyn J. , Ashley‐Koch Allison , Baldwin Clinton T. , Steinberg Martin H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the severity of sickle cell anemia in 1,265 patients with either “severe” or “mild” disease based on a network model of disease severity. We analyzed data using single SNP analysis and a novel SNP set enrichment analysis (SSEA) developed to discover clusters of associated SNPs. Single SNP analysis discovered 40 SNPs that were strongly associated with sickle cell severity (odds for association >1,000); of the 32 that we could analyze in an independent set of 163 patients, five replicated, eight showed consistent effects although failed to reach statistical significance, whereas 19 did not show any convincing association. Among the replicated associations are SNPs in KCNK6 a K+ channel gene. SSEA identified 27 genes with a strong enrichment of significant SNPs (P < 10−6); 20 were replicated with varying degrees of confidence. Among the novel findings identified by SSEA is the telomere length regulator gene TNKS. These studies are the first to use GWAS to understand the genetic diversity that accounts the phenotypic heterogeneity sickle cell anemia as estimated by an integrated model of severity. Additional validation, resequencing, and functional studies to understand the biology and reveal mechanisms by which candidate genes might have their effects are the future goals of this work. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Irinotecan and its active metabolite, SN‐38: review of bioanalytical methods and recent update from clinical pharmacology perspectives
Authors: Ramesh Mullangi , Ahlawat Preeti , Srinivas Nuggehally R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe introduction of irinotecan has revolutionized the applicability of camptothecins as predominant topoisomerase I inhibitor for anti‐cancer therapy. The potent anti‐tumor activity of irinotecan is due to rapid formation of anin vivoactive metabolite, SN‐38. Therefore, irinotecan is considered as a pro‐drug to generate SN‐38. Over the past decade, side‐by‐side with the clinical advancement of the use of irinotecan in the oncology field, a plethora of bioanalytical methods have been published to quantify irinotecan, SN‐38 and other metabolites. Because of the availability of HPLC, LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS methods, the pharmacokinetic profiling of irinotecan and its metabolites has been accomplished in multiple species, including cancer patients. The developed assays continue to find use in the optimization of newly designed delivery systems with regard to pharmacokinetics to promote safe and effective use of either irinotecan or SN‐38. This review intends to: firstly, provide an exhaustive compilation of the published assays for irinotecan, SN‐38 and other metabolite(s) of irinotecan, as applicable; secondly, to enumerate the validation parameters and applicable conclusions; and thirdly, provide some recent perspectives in the clinical pharmacology arena pertaining to efflux transporters, pediatric profiling, role of kidney function in defining toxicity, drug–drug interaction potential of irinotecan, etc. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Minimalist Substrate for Enzymatic Peptide and Protein Conjugation
Authors: Wollack James W. , Silverman Julie M. , Petzold Christopher J. , Mougous Joseph D. , Distefano Mark D. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRecently a number of nonnatural prenyl groups containing alkynes and azides have been developed as handles to perform click chemistry on proteins and peptides ending in the sequence “CAAX”, where C is a cysteine that becomes alkylated, A is an aliphatic amino acid and X is any amino acid. When such molecules are modified, a tag containing a prenyl analogue and the “CAAX box” sequence remains. Here we report the synthesis of an alkyne‐containing substrate comprised of only nine nonhydrogen atoms. This substrate was synthesized in six steps from 3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐ol and has been enzymatically incorporated into both proteins and peptides by using protein farnesyltransferase. After prenylation the final three amino acids required for enzymatic recognition can be removed by using carboxypeptidase Y, leaving a single residue (the cysteine from the “CAAX box”) and the prenyl analogue as the only modifications. We also demonstrate that this small tag minimizes the impact of the modification on the solubility of the targeted protein. Hence, this new approach should be useful for applications in which the presence of a large tag hinders the modified protein’s solubility, reactivity, or utility.
Synthesis, Conjugation, and Immunological Evaluation of the Serogroup 6 Pneumococcal Oligosaccharides
Authors: Parameswar Archana R. , Park In Ho , Saksena Rina , Kováč Pavol , Nahm Moon H. , Demchenko Alexei V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe first synthesis of the newly discovered oligosaccharide of pneumococcal serotype 6C and its spacer‐containing analogue is reported. Conjugation of the spacer‐containing oligosaccharides of pneumococcal saccharides 6A, 6B, 6C and derivatives thereof with bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein carrier was carried out by using squaric‐acid approach to obtain the oligosaccharide–protein conjugates in excellent yields. The conjugates have been tested with a rabbit antiserum pool (Pool B) used for pneumococcal serotyping. The results showed that synthetic carbohydrate conjugates express epitopes found in native capsular polysaccharides of serotypes 6A, 6B, and 6C.
Microwave‐Promoted Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed CP Bond Formation by Using Arylboronic Acids or Aryltrifluoroborates
Authors: Andaloussi Mounir , Lindh Jonas , Sävmarker Jonas , J. R. Sjöberg Per , Larhed Mats 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe first PdII‐catalyzed P arylation has been performed by using palladium acetate, the rigid bidentate ligand dmphen (dmphen=2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline), and without the addition of base or acid. Couplings of arylboronic acids or aryl trifluoroborates with H‐phosphonate dialkyl esters were conducted in 30 min with controlled microwave (MW) heating under non‐inert conditions. Aryl phosphites were also synthesized at room temperature with atmospheric air as the sole reoxidant. The arylated phosphonates were isolated in 44–90 % yields. The excellent chemoselectivity of the method was illustrated in the synthesis of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase (MTB‐GS) inhibitor. Online ESIMS was used to detect cationic palladium species in ongoing reactions directly, and a catalytic cycle has been proposed based on these results.
IrIII and RuII Complexes Containing Triazole‐Pyridine Ligands: Luminescence Enhancement upon Substitution with β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Felici Marco , Contreras‐Carballada Pablo , Vida Yolanda , Smits Jan M. M. , Nolte Roeland J. M. , De Cola Luisa , Williams René M. , Feiters Martin C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNovel 2‐(1‐substituted‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine (pytl) ligands have been prepared by “click chemistry” and used in the preparation of heteroleptic complexes of Ru and Ir with bipyridine (bpy) and phenylpyridine (ppy) ligands, respectively, resulting in [Ru(bpy)2(pytl‐R)]Cl2 and [Ir(ppy)2(pytl‐R)]Cl (R=methyl, adamantane (ada), β‐cyclodextrin (βCD)). The two diastereoisomers of the Ir complex with the appended β‐cyclodextrin, [Ir(ppy)2(pytl‐βCD)]Cl, were separated. The [Ru(bpy)2(pytl‐R)]Cl2 (R=Me, ada or βCD) complexes have lower lifetimes and quantum yields than other polypyridine complexes. In contrast, the cyclometalated Ir complexes display rather long lifetimes and very high emission quantum yields. The emission quantum yield and lifetime (Φ=0.23, τ=1000 ns) of [Ir(ppy)2(pytl‐ada)]Cl are surprisingly enhanced in [Ir(ppy)2(pytl‐βCD)]Cl (Φ=0.54, τ=2800 ns). This behavior is unprecedented for a metal complex and is most likely due to its increased rigidity and protection from water molecules as well as from dioxygen quenching, because of the hydrophobic cavity of the βCD covalently attached to pytl. The emissive excited state is localized on these cyclometalating ligands, as underlined by the shift to the blue (450 nm) upon substitution with two electron‐withdrawing fluorine substituents on the phenyl unit. The significant differences between the quantum yields of the two separate diastereoisomers of [Ir(ppy)2(pytl‐βCD)]Cl (0.49 vs. 0.70) are attributed to different interactions of the chiral cyclodextrin substituent with the Δ and Λ isomers of the metal complex.
Liposomes by Polymerization of an Imidazolium Ionic Liquid: Use as Microreactors for Gold‐Catalyzed Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: Buaki Mireia , Aprile Carmela , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Alvaro Mercedes , Garcia Hermenegildo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe bipodal ionic liquid N,N′‐bis(10‐undecenyl)‐2‐methylimidazolium underwent polymerization in aqueous media with potassium persulfate to form submicrometric liposomes. A TEM study indicated that the liposomes are the result of several morphological transformations of the polymer particles. Photopolymerization at room temperature led to spherical particles with some internal voids and polymer chains. We took advantage of the positive charge on the imidazolium rings and used a photocuring agent to form in a single step starting from the imidazolium monomer and NaAuCl4 spherical polymer particles containing gold nanoparticles (10–15 nm) in their interior. This system was found to promote the selective aerobic oxidation of 2‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol to salicylaldehyde.
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning the Dimensionality of Nitridosilicates in Lithium Melts
Authors: Pagano Sandro , Lupart Saskia , Zeuner Martin , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Single Crystal Structure Determination and Rietveld Refinement of Cadmium Tetrametaphosphimate Octahydrate Cd2(PO2NH)4·8H2O.
Authors: Roemer S. Rebecca , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Electrical Properties of New Oxide Ion Conductors Ce6‐xDyxMoO15‐δ (0.0 ≤ x ≤1.8).
Authors: Zhou D. F. , Xia Y. J. , Zhu J. X. , Meng J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Quaternary Selenides Sn2Pb5Bi4Se13 and Sn8.65Pb0.35Bi4Se15.
Authors: Chen Kuei‐Bo , Lee Chi‐Shen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Doping Effects on Sr2FeReO6.
Authors: Blasco J. , Rodriguez‐Velamazan J. A. , Ritter C. , Sese J. , Stankiewicz J. , Herrero‐Martin J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal N—H Bond Activation on Anionic and Cationic Platinum Clusters: Non‐Predetermined Reaction Pathways Indicate Transitions to a Bulk Surface Reactivity.
Authors: Oncak Milan , Cao Yali , Hoeckendorf Robert F. , Beyer Martin K. , Zahradnik Rudolf , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare‐Earth Tetrel Antimonides RE5TtxSb3‐x (RE: La—Nd; Tt: Si, Ge).
Authors: Bie Haiying , Mar Arthur 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare Earth Ethenide‐Halides Ln2n+6(C2)n+4X2n+2: Preparation, Crystal Structure, Intergrowth and Twinning.
Authors: Mattausch Hansjuergen , Kienle Lorenz , Duppel Viola , Hoch Constantin , Simon Arndt 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of KEu[AsS4] (I), K3Dy[AsS4]2 (II) and Rb4Nd0.67[AsS4]2 (III).
Authors: Wu Yuandong , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.