bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Quasi Harmonic Approximation (QHA) on Isotope effect of Methane Absorbed on Ag(111) Surface
Authors: Putra Septia Eka Marsha , Andirasdini Indah Gumala 
Published: May 2024

<div class="textLayer"><span dir="ltr">We investigated the isotope effect of methane (CH4) on Ag(111) using van der Waals density </span><span dir="ltr">functional and the quasi-harmonic approximation.</span><span dir="ltr">In this study, we combined two methods to </span><span dir="ltr">investigate the nuclear quantum effect in methane adsorption on an Ag(111) surface. We obtained </span><span dir="ltr">that the adsorption potential energies of CD</span><span dir="ltr">4</span><span dir="ltr">on fcc Ag(111) surfaces are shallower than those </span><span dir="ltr">of CH</span><span dir="ltr">4</span><span dir="ltr">, whereas the equilibrium distances from the surface are larger.</span><span dir="ltr">The similiar finding also </span><span dir="ltr">observed in our previous study, however, Ag(111) gives smaller energies.</span><span dir="ltr">It is found that the </span><span dir="ltr">similar softening of the C-H bond pointing toward the surface is the cause of the isotope effect. </span><span dir="ltr">This softening leading to lowering the vibrational frequency and large zero-point energy difference </span><span dir="ltr">between CH</span><span dir="ltr">4</span><span dir="ltr">and CD</span><span dir="ltr">4</span><span dir="ltr">.</span><br /><br /></div><div class="annotationLayer"> </div>
Performance analysis of a liquid lens for laser ablation using OCT imaging
Authors: Zhang Chunqi , Tang Xu , Yang Mingxuan , Zhao Han , Sun Dong 
Published: May 2024

Laser ablation has been used in different surgical procedures to perform precise treatments. Compared with previous free-beam laser delivery systems, flexible-optical-fiber-based systems can deliver laser energy to a curved space, avoiding the requirement of a straight working path to the target. However, the fiber tip maintains direct contact with the tissue to prevent laser divergence, resulting in fiber damage, uneven ablation, and tissue carbonization. Here, a liquid lens is used to address the problem of laser defocusing when radiating targets at different depths for flexible-optical-fiber-based systems. The liquid lens focuses a laser with a maximum power of 3 W onto a medium-density fiberboard at a focal length of 40–180 mm. The relationships between the ablation crater diameter and depth with the radiation time and laser power have been quantitatively evaluated through OCT (optical coherence tomography) imaging. Experiments demonstrate that the liquid lens can continuously focus the high-power laser to different depths, with the advantages of compact size, fast response, light weight, and easy operation. This study explores liquid-lens-based focused laser ablation, which can potentially improve the performance of future medical image-guided laser ablation.
The role of traditional Chinese medicine on fracture surgery, hospitalization, and total mortality risks in diabetic patients with osteoporosis
Authors: Liu Yi-Chen , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Lin Chien-Jung , Su Sheng-Chiang , Kuo Feng-Chih , Liu Jhih-Syuan , Li Peng-Fei , Huang Chia-Luen , Ho Li-Ju , Chang Chun-Yung , Lin Ming-Shiun , Lin Chih-Ping , Cheng An-Che , Lee Chien-Hsing , Hsieh Chang-Hsun , Hung Yi-Jen , Liu Hsin-Ya , Lu Chieh-Hua , Chien Wu-Chien 
Published: May 2024

Background
Studies have confirmed that osteoporosis has been considered as one of the complications of diabetes, and the health hazards to patients are more obvious. This study is mainly based on the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database (TNHID). Through the analysis of TNHID, it is shown that the combined treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) medicine in patients of diabetes with osteoporosis (T2DOP) with lower related risks.

Methods
According to the study design, 3131 patients selected from TNHID who received TCM treatment were matched by 1-fold propensity score according to gender, age, and inclusion date as the control group. Cox proportional hazards analyzes were performed to compare fracture surgery, hospitalization, and all-cause mortality during a mean follow-up from 2000 to 2015.

Results
A total of 1055/1469/715 subjects (16.85%/23.46%/11.42%) had fracture surgery/inpatient/all-cause mortality of which 433/624/318 (13.83%/19.93%/10.16%) were in the TCM group) and 622/845/397 (19.87%/26.99%/12.68%) in the control group. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that subjects in the TCM group had lower rates of fracture surgery, inpatient and all-cause mortality (adjusted HR = 0.467; 95% CI = 0.225–0.680, P<0.001; adjusted HR = 0.556; 95% CI = 0.330–0.751, P<0.001; adjusted HR = 0.704; 95% CI = 0.476–0.923, P = 0.012). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative risk of fracture surgery, inpatient and all-cause mortality was significantly different between the case and control groups (all log-rank p<0.001).

Conclusion
This study provides longitudinal evidence through a cohort study of the value of integrated TCM for T2DOP. More research is needed to fully understand the clinical significance of these results.
Sports participation in childhood and adolescence and physical activity intensity in adulthood
Authors: Batista Mariana Biagi , de Freitas Mileny Caroline Menezes , Romanzini Catiana Leila Possamai , Barbosa Cynthia Correa Lopes , Shigaki Gabriela Blasquez , Fernandes Rômulo Araújo , Romanzini Marcelo , Ronque Enio Ricardo Vaz 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between sports participation in childhood and adolescence and the practice of physical activity at different intensities in adulthood, and to verify if some sports participation characteristics such as number of sports; type of sport (individual, collective or a combination of both) and total estimated sports participation time are associated with the different physical activity intensities in adulthood.

Design
This is a cross-sectional study.

Methods
This study included 129 young adults of both sexes aged 18–25 years. Sports participation in childhood (7–10 years) and adolescence (11–17 years) was retrospectively estimated through specific questionnaire. Light, moderate, vigorous and moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity was objectively estimated by accelerometers. To verify the association between SP in childhood and adolescence and BP intensities in adults, multiple linear regression was adopted, with 5% significance.

Results
Analyses showed that, in females, sports participation in childhood (β = 0.315; R2 = 0.14; P = 0.020) and persistence in sports participation (β = 0.364; R2 = 0.18; P = 0.007) were positive predictors of vigorous physical activity in adulthood. In addition, the comparison according to the specificities of the sport practice, indicated that participation in two or more sports in childhood, one sport and collective sports in adolescence and at least one year of sports participation throughout childhood and adolescence were associated with longer time in vigorous physical activity intensity and MVPA (minutes/day) in adult females (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
It could be concluded that sports participation indicators in childhood and adolescence were considered predictors of vigorous physical activity in adult females. In addition, number of sports, type of sport and practice time in childhood and adolescence seem to predict vigorous and moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity for adult females.
Short communication: Lifetime musical activity and resting-state functional connectivity in cognitive networks
Authors: Liebscher Maxie , Dell’Orco Andrea , Doll-Lee Johanna , Buerger Katharina , Dechent Peter , Ewers Michael , Fliessbach Klaus , Glanz Wenzel , Hetzer Stefan , Janowitz Daniel , Kilimann Ingo , Laske Christoph , Lüsebrink Falk , Munk Matthias , Perneczky Robert , Peters Oliver , Preis Lukas , Priller Josef , Rauchmann Boris , Rostamzadeh Ayda , Roy-Kluth Nina , Scheffler Klaus , Schneider Anja , Schott Björn H. , Spottke Annika , Spruth Eike , Teipel Stefan , Wiltfang Jens , Jessen Frank , Düzel Emrah , Wagner Michael , Röske Sandra , Wirth Miranka ,   On behalf of DELCODE study group
Published: May 2024

Background
Participation in multimodal leisure activities, such as playing a musical instrument, may be protective against brain aging and dementia in older adults (OA). Potential neuroprotective correlates underlying musical activity remain unclear.

Objective
This cross-sectional study investigated the association between lifetime musical activity and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in three higher-order brain networks: the Default Mode, Fronto-Parietal, and Salience networks.

Methods
We assessed 130 cognitively unimpaired participants (≥ 60 years) from the baseline cohort of the DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) study. Lifetime musical activity was operationalized by the self-reported participation in musical instrument playing across early, middle, and late life stages using the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ). Participants who reported musical activity during all life stages (n = 65) were compared to controls who were matched on demographic and reserve characteristics (including education, intelligence, socioeconomic status, self-reported physical activity, age, and sex) and never played a musical instrument (n = 65) in local (seed-to-voxel) and global (within-network and between-network) RSFC patterns using pre-specified network seeds.

Results
Older participants with lifetime musical activity showed significantly higher local RSFC between the medial prefrontal cortex (Default Mode Network seed) and temporal as well as frontal regions, namely the right temporal pole and the right precentral gyrus extending into the superior frontal gyrus, compared to matched controls. There were no significant group differences in global RSFC within or between the three networks.

Conclusion
We show that playing a musical instrument during life relates to higher RSFC of the medial prefrontal cortex with distant brain regions involved in higher-order cognitive and motor processes. Preserved or enhanced functional connectivity could potentially contribute to better brain health and resilience in OA with a history in musical activity.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00007966, 04/05/2015).
Workplace interventions to prevent suicide: A scoping review
Authors: Hallett Nutmeg , Rees Helen , Hannah Felicity , Hollowood Lorna , Bradbury-Jones Caroline 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
To map organisational interventions for workplace suicide prevention, identifying the effects, mechanisms, moderators, implementation and economic costs, and how interventions are evaluated.

Background
Suicide is a devastating event that can have a profound and lasting impact on the individuals and families affected, with the highest rates found among adults of work age. Employers have a legal and ethical responsibility to provide a safe working environment for their employees, which includes addressing the issue of suicide and promoting mental health and well-being.

Methods
A realist perspective was taken, to identify within organisational suicide prevention interventions, what works, for whom and in what circumstances. Published and unpublished studies in six databases were searched. To extract and map data on the interventions the Effect, Mechanism, Moderator, Implementation, Economic (EMMIE) framework was used. Mechanisms were deductively analysed against Bronfenbrenner’s socio-ecological model.

Results
From 3187 records screened, 46 papers describing 36 interventions within the military, healthcare, the construction industry, emergency services, office workers, veterinary surgeons, the energy sector and higher education. Most mechanisms were aimed at the individual’s immediate environment, with the most common being education or training on recognising signs of stress, suicidality or mental illness in oneself. Studies examined the effectiveness of interventions in terms of suicide rates, suicidality or symptoms of mental illness, and changes in perceptions, attitudes or beliefs, with most reporting positive results. Few studies reported economic costs but those that did suggested that the interventions are cost-effective.

Conclusions
It seems likely that organisational suicide prevention programmes can have a positive impact on attitudes and beliefs towards suicide as well reducing the risk of suicide. Education, to support individuals to recognise the signs and symptoms of stress, mental ill health and suicidality in both themselves and others, is likely to be an effective starting point for successful interventions.
Effects of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation on ventilator-free days in intensive care unit subjects with sputum retention; a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kubota Shota , Hashimoto Hideki , Yoshikawa Yurika , Hiwatashi Kengo , Ono Takahiro , Mochizuki Masaki , Naraba Hiromu , Nakano Hidehiko , Takahashi Yuji , Sonoo Tomohiro , Nakamura Kensuke 
Published: May 2024

Background
Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) facilitates extubation. However, its potential to reduce the duration of ventilator use remains unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated whether the use of MI-E shortened the duration of mechanical ventilation in patients with high sputum retention.

Methods
A randomized open-label trial was conducted at a single intensive care unit (ICU) in Japan between November 2017 and June 2019. Ventilated subjects requiring suctioning at least once every hour due to sputum retention were randomly assigned to the MI-E group or conventional care group. The primary endpoint was the number of ventilator-free days on day 28. Secondary endpoints were ventilator days in surviving subjects, the length of ICU stay, and mortality and tracheostomy rates among survivors.

Results
Forty-eight subjects (81% males) with a median age of 72 years (interquartile range [IQR], 65–85 years) were enrolled. There were 27 subjects in the MI-E group and 21 in the control group. The median number of ventilator-free days was 21 (IQR, 13–24) and 18, respectively (IQR, 0–23) (P = .38). No significant differences were observed in the ICU length of stay (median, 10 days (IQR, 7–12) vs 12 days (IQR, 6–15); P = .31), mortality rate (19% vs 15%; odds ratio [OR], 1.36 [0.28–6.50]; P = .69), or tracheostomy rate among survivors (14% vs 28%; OR, 0.40 [0.08–1.91]; P = .25).

Conclusion
In ventilated subjects in the ICU with high sputum retention, the use of MI-E did not significantly increase the number of ventilator-free days over that with conventional care.
Estimating Acceleration from a Single Uniform Linear Motion-Blurred Image using Homomorphic Mapping and Machine Learning
Authors: Cortés-Osorio Jimy Alexander , Gómez-Mendoza Juan Bernardo , Riaño-Rojas Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2024

Context: Vision-based measurement (VBM) systems are becoming popular as an affordable and suitable alternative for scientific and engineering applications. When cameras are used as instruments, motion blur usually emerges as a recurrent and undesirable image degradation, which in fact contains kinematic information that is usually dismissed. Method: This paper introduces an alternative approach to measure relative acceleration from a real invariant uniformly accelerated linear motion-blurred image. This is done by using homomorphic mapping to extract the characteristic Point Spread Function (PSF) of the blurred image, as well as machine learning regression. A total of 125 uniformly accelerated motion-blurred pictures were taken in a light- and distance-controlled environment, at five different accelerations ranging between 0,64 and 2,4 m/s2. This study evaluated 19 variants such as tree ensembles, Gaussian processes (GPR), and linear, support vector machine (SVM), and tree regression. Results: The best RMSE result corresponds to GPR (Matern 5/2), with 0,2547 m/s2 and a prediction speed of 530 observations per second (obs/s). Additionally, some novel deep learning methods were used to obtain the best RMSE value (0,4639 m/s2 for Inception ResNet v2, with a prediction speed of 11 obs/s. Conclusions: The proposed method (homomorphic mapping and machine learning) is a valid alternative for calculating acceleration from invariant motion blur in real-time applications when additive noise is not dominant, even surpassing the deep learning techniques evaluated.
Comparative analysis of diagnostic accuracy in endodontic assessments: dental students vs. artificial intelligence
Authors: Qutieshat Abubaker , Al Rusheidi Alreem , Al Ghammari Samiya , Alarabi Abdulghani , Salem Abdurahman , Zelihic Maja 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study evaluates the comparative diagnostic accuracy of dental students and artificial intelligence (AI), specifically a modified ChatGPT 4, in endodontic assessments related to pulpal and apical conditions. The findings are intended to offer insights into the potential role of AI in augmenting dental education.

Methods
Involving 109 dental students divided into junior (54) and senior (55) groups, the study compared their diagnostic accuracy against ChatGPT’s across seven clinical scenarios. Juniors had the American Association of Endodontists (AEE) terminology assistance, while seniors relied on prior knowledge. Accuracy was measured against a gold standard by experienced endodontists, using statistical analysis including Kruskal-Wallis and Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner tests.

Results
ChatGPT achieved significantly higher accuracy (99.0 %) compared to seniors (79.7 %) and juniors (77.0 %). Median accuracy was 100.0 % for ChatGPT, 85.7 % for seniors, and 82.1 % for juniors. Statistical tests indicated significant differences between ChatGPT and both student groups (p<0.001), with no notable difference between the student cohorts.

Conclusions
The study reveals AI’s capability to outperform dental students in diagnostic accuracy regarding endodontic assessments. This underscores AIs potential as a reference tool that students could utilize to enhance their understanding and diagnostic skills. Nevertheless, the potential for overreliance on AI, which may affect the development of critical analytical and decision-making abilities, necessitates a balanced integration of AI with human expertise and clinical judgement in dental education. Future research is essential to navigate the ethical and legal frameworks for incorporating AI tools such as ChatGPT into dental education and clinical practices effectively.
Are shortened aPTT values always to be attributed only to preanalytical problems?
Authors: Radišić Biljak Vanja , Tomas Matea , Lapić Ivana , Saračević Andrea 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
It has been recognized that shortened activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) may be caused by various preanalytical conditions. As coagulation Factor VIII is included in the in vitro intrinsic coagulation cascade measured by aPTT, we hypothesized that the shortened aPTT could be a result of elevated FVIII activity. We aimed to inspect the connection of elevated FVIII with shortened aPTT, and the possible effect inflammation has on routine laboratory parameters.

Methods
40 patients from various hospital departments with aPTT measurement below the lower limit of the reference interval (<23.0 s) were included in the study. To compare the obtained results with aPTT measurements in the non-inflammatory state, samples from 25 volunteers (laboratory personnel) were collected. White blood cell count, C-reactive protein, aPTT, and FVIII values were measured in the control group.

Results
Only two samples among 40 patients with shortened aPTT (5 %) were clotted. Out of the remaining 38, 26 had FVIII activity above 150 % (upper limit of a reference interval), median value of 194 % (IQR: 143–243 %). Seven samples in the control group had shortened aPTT results (36 %). However, all coagulation samples were clot and hemolysis-free. Multiple regression identified only FVIII activity as an independent variable in predicting aPTT values (p=0.001).

Conclusions
Our results support the thesis that shortened aPTT is rarely a consequence of preanalytical problems. Elevated FVIII activity causes shortened aPTT, not only in the inflammatory state but also in individuals with concentration of inflammatory markers within reference intervals.
Attitudes towards Ruhrdeutsch: From miners’ slang to Ruhrpott love?
Authors: Ziegler Evelyn , Angenendt Vanessa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Given the body of research exploring regional vernaculars in Germany, it is somewhat surprising that the regiolect spoken in the Ruhr Area, the largest conurbation in Germany and home to 5.1 million inhabitants, has received only modest attention. This is true for linguistic studies and especially true for sociolinguistic studies investigating language attitudes towards Ruhrdeutsch (but see Bellamy 2016; Ziegler et al. 2017). Aiming to fill this gap and explore changes in language attitudes over time, this paper asks if the valorisation of Ruhrdeutsch has changed in recent years, namely, if Ruhrdeutsch has been ideologically upgraded from a low-status and stigmatised variety (Mihm 1997) to a variety serving as a regional symbol for all social groups. The empirical investigation is based on a stancetaking approach and relies on a corpus of narrative interviews with informants of different linguistic repertoires and age groups.
Language Ideologies, Language Awareness, Language Attitudes, Folk Linguistics: (Meta-)reflections on overlapping research fields
Authors: Stegu Martin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
When attempting to position Language-Ideologies research within the framework of Applied Linguistics and related scientific sub-disciplines and approaches, it becomes evident that significant overlaps with research fields such as Language Attitudes, Folk Linguistics and Language Awareness exist. The question arises as to whether the differences are more closely related to various scientific subcommunities than to the phenomena under investigation. Similarities may go unnoticed either because researchers do not sufficiently engage with related approaches, or differences relating to content and methodology are overly emphasised for reasons of disciplinary demarcation. This article is based on a very broad concept of Language Awareness, which has evolved beyond its traditional context of language teaching and learning. This concept encompasses perception, folk-linguistic reflections and extends to academic theorising, while also incorporating affective and evaluative aspects. The article demonstrates shows how approaches pursued in the respective communities can be brought together in a fruitful way to jointly explain interconnected phenomena. Additionally, some other aspects of Language Ideologies are discussed, such as their different levels (micro, meso, macro), ranging from concrete individual case evaluations to more abstract Language Ideologies and, finally, to the level where Language Ideologies transition into broader ideologies and worldviews.