bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current and future management of pediatric venous thromboembolism
Authors: Kerlin Bryce A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is an increasingly common complication encountered in tertiary care pediatric settings. The purpose of this review is to summarize the epidemiology, current and emerging pharmacotherapeutic options, and management of this disease. Over 70% of VTE occur in children with chronic diseases. Although they are seen in children of all ages, adolescents are at greatest risk. Pediatric VTE is associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality; recurrent VTE and post‐thrombotic syndrome are commonly seen in survivors. In recent years, anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin has emerged as the mainstay of therapy, but compliance is limited by its onerous subcutaneous administration route. New anticoagulants either already approved for use in adults or in the pipeline offer the possibility of improved dose stability and oral routes of administration. Current recommended anticoagulation course durations are derived from very limited case series and cohort data, or extrapolations from adult literature. However, the pathophysiologic underpinnings of pediatric VTE are dissimilar from those seen in adults and are often variable within groups of pediatric patients. Clinical studies and trials in pediatric VTE are underway which will hopefully improve the quality of evidence from which therapeutic guidelines are derived. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does inadequate sleep play a role in vulnerability to obesity?
Authors: Knutson Kristen L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide, which is cause for concern because obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, reduces life expectancy, and impairs quality of life. A better understanding of the risk factors for obesity is therefore a critical global health concern, and human biologists can play an important role in identifying these risk factors in various populations. The objective of this review is to present the evidence that inadequate sleep may be a novel risk factor associated with increased vulnerability to obesity and associated cardiometabolic disease. Experimental studies have found that short‐term sleep restriction is associated with impaired glucose metabolism, dysregulation of appetite, and increased blood pressure. Observational studies have observed cross‐sectional associations between short sleep duration (generally <6 h per night) and increased body mass index or obesity, prevalent diabetes, and prevalent hypertension. Some studies also reported an association between self‐reported long sleep duration (generally >8 h per night) and cardiometabolic disease. A few prospective studies have found a significant increased risk of weight gain, incident diabetes, and incident hypertension associated with inadequate sleep. Given the potential link between inadequate sleep and obesity, a critical next step is to identify the social, cultural, and environmental determinants of sleep, which would help to identify vulnerable populations. Future human biology research should consider variation in sleep characteristics among different populations and determine whether the associations between sleep and obesity observed in Western populations persist elsewhere. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adhesion strength and superhydrophobicity of polyurethane/organoclay nanocomposite coatings
Authors: Steele Adam , Bayer Ilker , Loth Eric 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSubstrate adhesion was investigated experimentally for superhydrophobic coatings fabricated from polyurethane modified with waterborne perfluoroalkyl methacrylic copolymer and a (fatty amine/amino‐silane surface modified) montmorillonite clay nanofiller. The superhydrophobic coatings were obtained by spray casting precursor solutions onto aluminum surfaces. Upon thermosetting, initial static water contact angles exceeding 160° and contact angle hysteresis values below 8° were measured, yielding antiwetting and self‐cleaning characteristics. Adhesion strength was then characterized with a 90° tape testing method and was analyzed with respect to changes in surface morphology via electron microscopy as well as changes in wettability. The coating remained adhered to the substrate after repeated adhesion testing with 3850 N/m tape (one of the strongest available), showing higher adhesion than any superhydrophobic coating reported to the author's knowledge. Superhydrophobic performance was also shown to be retained even after repeated tape testing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Bone marrow–derived and synovium‐derived mesenchymal cells promote Th17 cell expansion and activation through caspase 1 activation: Contribution to the chronicity of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Eljaafari Assia , Tartelin Marie‐Laure , Aissaoui Hanaa , Chevrel Guillaume , Osta Bilal , Lavocat Fabien , Miossec Pierre 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTh17 cells have been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We hypothesized that the interaction of T cells with bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) or with fibroblast‐ like synoviocytes (FLS) might, with the help of T cell–secreted inflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin‐17A [IL‐17A], tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα], and/or interferon‐γ [IFNγ]), promote Th17 cell expansion and activation.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy blood donors were cocultured with BM‐MSCs or FLS from RA patients or osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Cocultures were exposed to phytohemagglutinin with or without IL‐17A, TNFα, or IFNγ. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and cytofluorometry were used to measure IL‐17A production.ResultsInteraction of PBMCs with BM‐MSCs inhibited Th1 and Th2 responses, but promoted Th17 cell expansion, as early as 24 hours, as demonstrated by increases in retinoic acid receptor–related orphan nuclear receptor γ or IL‐17A messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, IL‐17A secretion levels, and IL‐17A–secreting cell frequency, as well as by T cell switching to the Th17 pathway after 2 rounds of stimulation with MSCs. IL‐17A production was also increased in PBMCs stimulated with anti‐CD3 plus anti‐CD28 or in isolated CD3+ or CD45RO+ T cells, thus demonstrating the role of T cell activation. Levels of mRNA for IL‐6, IL‐8, and IL‐1β were further amplified when T cell–secreted inflammatory cytokines were added. Interestingly, OA FLS or RA FLS also enhanced IL‐17A and IL‐6 production, but only RA FLS enhanced IFNγ and IL‐1β production. We further demonstrated that MSC‐mediated Th17 promotion requires caspase 1 activation by using an inhibitory peptide and measuring its activity.ConclusionWe found that the interaction of MSCs or FLS with T cells promotes the activation and expansion of Th17 cells through caspase 1 activation. Since proinflammatory and T cell–secreted inflammatory cytokines are also amplified, this mechanism may participate in the chronicity of RA.
Fibulin 3 peptides Fib3‐1 and Fib3‐2 are potential biomarkers of osteoarthritis
Authors: Henrotin Yves , Gharbi Myriam , Mazzucchelli Gabriel , Dubuc Jean‐Emile , De Pauw Edwin , Deberg Michelle 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to identify new biomarkers of osteoarthritis (OA) by proteomics analysis and to develop specific immunoassays to detect and quantify them.MethodsProteomics analysis was performed in urine samples from 10 women (mean ± SD age 76.0 ± 5.0 years) undergoing knee replacement surgery due to severe OA and 5 healthy women (mean ± SD age 25.6 ± 2.6 years). Protein content was analyzed by 2‐dimensional differential gel electrophoresis. Protein spots that exhibited an OA:control abundance ratio of ≥1.5 were identified by mass spectrometry. Specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were developed and validated in serum obtained from 236 healthy subjects ages 20–64 years and from 76 patients with severe radiologic knee OA (mean ± SD age 68.8 ± 11.9 years). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on articular cartilage from tibial plateaus.ResultsThirteen proteins within spots that were significantly modified between groups were identified. Two peptides of fibulin 3, named Fib3‐1 and Fib3‐2, were of particular interest. Two antisera directed against these peptides were used to develop immunoassays. Compared with age‐matched healthy subjects, median levels of serum Fib3‐1 and Fib3‐2 were elevated in OA patients (54.6 pM versus 85.1 pM [P < 0.0001] and 144.4 pM versus 191.4 pM [P < 0.0001], respectively). Using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we demonstrated that Fib3‐1 and Fib3‐2 levels discriminate between OA and normal populations. Immunostaining revealed the presence of Fib3‐1 and Fib3‐2 in chondrocytes and in the extracellular matrix of the superficial layer of the fibrillated cartilage.ConclusionOur findings indicate that Fib3‐1 and Fib3‐2 are potential biochemical markers for the diagnosis of OA.
Heritability of articular cartilage regeneration and its association with ear wound healing in mice
Authors: Rai Muhammad Farooq , Hashimoto Shingo , Johnson Eric E. , Janiszak Kara L. , Fitzgerald Jamie , Heber‐Katz Ellen , Cheverud James M. , Sandell Linda J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveEmerging evidence suggests that genetic components contribute significantly to cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis pathophysiology, but little information is available on the genetics of cartilage regeneration. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate cartilage regeneration in genetic murine models using common inbred strains and a set of recombinant inbred (RI) lines generated from LG/J (healer of ear wounds) and SM/J (nonhealer) inbred mouse strains.MethodsAn acute full‐thickness cartilage injury was introduced in the trochlear groove of 8‐week‐old mice (n = 265) through microsurgery. Mouse knee joints were sagittally sectioned and stained with toluidine blue to evaluate regeneration. For the ear wound phenotype, a bilateral 2‐mm through‐and‐through puncture was created in 6‐week‐old mice (n = 229), and healing outcomes were measured after 30 days. Broad‐sense heritability and genetic correlations were calculated for both phenotypes.ResultsTime‐course analysis of the RI mouse lines showed no significant regeneration until 16 weeks after surgery; at that time, the strains could be segregated into 3 categories: good, intermediate, and poor healers. Analysis of heritability (H2) showed that both cartilage regeneration (H2 = 26%; P = 0.006) and ear wound closure (H2 = 53%; P < 0.00001) were significantly heritable. The genetic correlations between the two healing phenotypes for common inbred mouse strains (r = 0.92) and RI mouse lines (r = 0.86) were found to be extremely high.ConclusionOur findings indicate that articular cartilage regeneration in mice is heritable, the differences between the mouse lines are due to genetic differences, and a strong genetic correlation between the two phenotypes exists, indicating that they plausibly share a common genetic basis. We therefore surmise that LG/J by SM/J intercross mice can be used to dissect the genetic basis of variation in cartilage regeneration.
Multifunctional Core–Shell Upconverting Nanoparticles for Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy of Liver Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhao Zengxia , Han Yuning , Lin Chenghong , Hu Dong , Wang Fang , Chen Xiaolan , Chen Zhong , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted considerable attention for their application in biomedicine. Here, silica‐coated NaGdF4:Yb,Er/NaGdF4 nanoparticles with a tetrasubstituted carboxy aluminum phthalocyanine (AlC4Pc) photosensitizer covalently incorporated inside the silica shells were prepared and applied in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cancer cells. These UCNP@SiO2(AlC4Pc) nanoparticles were uniform in size, stable against photosensitizer leaching, and highly efficient in photogenerating cytotoxic singlet oxygen under near‐infrared (NIR) light. In vitro studies indicated that these nanoparticles could effectively kill cancer cells upon NIR irradiation. Moreover, the nanoparticles also demonstrated good MR contrast, both in aqueous solution and inside cells. This is the first time that NaGdF4:Yb,Er/NaGdF4 upconversion‐nanocrystal‐based multifunctional nanomaterials have been synthesized and applied in PDT. Our results show that these multifunctional nanoparticles are very promising for applications in versatile imaging diagnosis and as a therapy tool in biomedical engineering.
Smart‐Bogie: Semi‐Active Lateral Control of Railway Vehicles
Authors: Spelta Cristiano , Savaresi Sergio M. , Codecà Fabio , Montiglio Mauro , Ieluzzi Michele 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe topic of this paper is the design and analysis of a control system for the lateral movement of the carbody in a train. The control system is implemented via semi‐active electro‐hydraulic dampers located on the secondary‐suspension that links the bogie to the structure of the carbody of the train. The entire design procedure is outlined: the semi‐active damper is accurately modeled; using the actuator model, the control strategies are implemented and tuned on a vehicle simulator; the best control strategies then are implemented and tested on a realistic laboratory test‐bench, which accurately reproduces the lateral dynamics of a train. A wide range of semi‐active control strategies is tested. Among them, the best performing and most efficient is a recently‐proposed strategy which requires only a single sensor located cabin‐side.
Electrokinetic chromatographic estimation of the enantioselective binding of nomifensine to human serum albumin and total plasma proteins
Authors: Asensi‐Bernardi Lucía , Martín‐Biosca Yolanda , Sagrado Salvador , Medina‐Hernández María J. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThis report is the first evidence of enantioselective binding of nomifensine to human serum albumin (HSA) and plasma proteins. The overall process with HSA included: (i) consistent experimental design along two independent sessions; (ii) incubation of nomifensine–HSA designed mixtures; (iii) ultrafiltration for separating the unbound enantiomers fraction; (iv) electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) using heptakis‐2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as chiral selector to provide experimental data for enantiomers (first, E1, and second, E2, eluted ones); and (v) a recent direct equation allowing univariate tests and robust statistics to provide consistent parameters and uncertainty. A significant enantioselectivity to HSA (2.7 ± 0.1) was encountered, related to a 1:1 stoichiometry and log affinity constants of 3.24 ± 0.10 and 3.67 ± 0.08 for E1 and E2, respectively. The protein binding (PB) estimated at physiological concentration levels was 40 ± 5 and 63 ± 4% for E1 and E2, respectively. The use of synthetic human sera allowed in vitro estimation of the total plasma PB for the racemate (61 ± 5%; coincident with in vivo values), and its enantiomers (58 ± 7 and 64 ± 4% for E1 and E2, respectively). Comparison allowed the relative importance of HSA respect to other plasma proteins for binding nomifensine to be established. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is Our Way of Thinking about Excited States Correct? Time‐Resolved Dispersive IR Study on p‐Nitroaniline
Authors: Narra Sudhakar , Chang Shu‐Wei , Witek Henryk A. , Shigeto Shinsuke 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLow‐lying excited electronic states of an important class of molecules known as push–pull chromophores are central to understanding their potential nonlinear optical properties. Here we report that a combination of high‐sensitivity nanosecond time‐resolved dispersive IR spectroscopy and DFT calculations on p‐nitroaniline (PNA), a prototypical push–pull molecule, reveals that PNA in the lowest excited triplet state has a partial quinoid structure. In this structure, the quinoid configuration is restricted to a part of the phenyl ring adjacent to the NO2 group. The partial quinoid structure of PNA cannot be explained by a commonly used hybrid of a neutral form and a zwitterionic charge‐transfer form. Our findings not only cast doubt on the general applicability of the classical way of looking at excited states, based exclusively on characteristic resonance structures, but also provide deeper insights into excited‐state structure of highly polarizable molecular systems.
Studies on Adsorptive Desulfurization by Activated Carbon
Authors: Rakesh Kumar D. , Srivastava Vimal Chandra 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSulfur removal using adsorption requires a proper process parametric study to determine its optimal performance characteristics. In this study, response surface methodology was employed for sulfur removal from model oil (dibenzothiophene; DBT dissolved in iso‐octane) using commercial activated carbon (CAC) as an adsorbent. Experiments were carried out as per central composite design with four input parameters such as initial concentration (C0: 100–900 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (m: 2–22 g/L), time of adsorption (t: 15–735 min), and temperature (T: 10–50°C). Regression analysis showed good fit of the experimental data to the second‐order polynomial model with coefficient of determination R2‐value of 0.9390 and Fisher F‐value of 16.5. The highest removal of sulfur by CAC was obtained with m = 20 g/L, t = 6 h, and T = 30°C.
Synthesis of CaCO3 nanoparticles via citrate method and sequential preparation of CaO and Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles
Authors: Ghiasi M. , Malekzadeh A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCalcium carbonate nanoparticles were synthesized via so‐called sol–gel citrate method using calcium nitrate as precursor in presence of different concentration of citric acid, selected to be 0.0, 0.5, 1.25 and 2.5 times of the concentration of the precursor, on calcining at 600 °C for 5 h. Stable phase of the calcite is formed in presence of citric acid. The roles of organic additive concentration, calcination temperature and sonication on the particle size of the products were investigated. Calcium oxide nanoparticles were prepared by facial calcination of the resulted product at 900 °C for 5 h. Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles, however, were synthesized on sonication of the product for 20 min in water at room temperature. Samples were characterized by XRD and FT‐IR studies. Crystallite size of samples was calculated by XRD data and was measured by TEM analysis. The specific surface are (SSA) of samples was calculated by the XRD data and compared by the measured BET. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Validity of a Protocol for Adult Self‐Report of Dyslexia and Related Difficulties
Authors: Snowling Margaret , Dawes Piers , Nash Hannah , Hulme Charles 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundThere is an increased prevalence of reading and related difficulties in children of dyslexic parents. In order to understand the causes of these difficulties, it is important to quantify the risk factors passed from parents to their offspring.Method417 adults completed a protocol comprising a 15‐item questionnaire rating reading and related skills and a scale assessing ADHD symptoms; 344 completed reading, nonword reading and spelling tests.ResultsA confirmatory factor analysis with four factors (Reading, Word Finding, Attention and Hyperactivity) provided a reasonable fit to the data. The Reading Factor showed robust correlations with measured literacy skills. Adults who reported as dyslexic, or rated their reading difficulties as more severe, gained lower scores on objective measures of literacy skills. Although the sensitivity of the new scale was acceptable, it tended to miss some cases of low literacy.ConclusionsSelf‐report scales of reading and of attention difficulties are useful for identifying adults with reading and attention difficulties which may confer risks on their children of related problems. It is important for research following children at family risk of dyslexia to be aware of these effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Severe anorexia nervosa in men: Comparison with severe AN in women and analysis of mortality
Authors: Gueguen Juliette , Godart Nathalie , Chambry Jean , Brun‐Eberentz Annick , Foulon Christine , Divac, PhD Snezana M. , Guelfi Julien‐Daniel , Rouillon Frédéric , Falissard Bruno , Huas Caroline 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjective:To compare clinical characteristics of men and women with severe AN and to analyze mortality in men.Method:One thousand and nine patients including 23 anorectic males were hospitalized in St. Anne Hospital in Paris between 1988 and 2004. Data were collected during hospitalization. Fatal outcome was assessed in 2008.Results:Men presented significantly later age of onset, were more likely to have a history of premorbid overweight than women and less likely to have attempted suicide. Mortality in men was high (standardized mortality ratio: 8.08; 95% CI: 1.62–23.62). Several predictive factors for mortality in men were identified: lower admission body mass index (BMI), later age at admission, and AN‐R subtype. All the three deceased patients had dropped out from the inpatient unit. The 10‐year survival did not differ between men and women, but men died sooner after hospitalization.Discussion:Male inpatients should receive close follow‐up after their discharge, especially if they have a restrictive form of AN, present low BMI, or are older at admission. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Survival, mobility, and membrane-bound enzyme activities of freshwater planarian, Dugesia japonica, exposed to synthetic and natural surfactants
Authors: Li Mei-Hui 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Surfactants are a major class of emerging pollutants widely used in large quantities in everyday life and commonly found in surface waters worldwide. Freshwater planarian was selected to examine the effects of different surfactants by measuring mortality, mobility, and membrane-bound enzyme activities. Among the 10 surfactants tested, the acute toxicities of betaine and polyethylene glycol (PEG-200) to planarians were relatively low, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) greater than 10,000 mg/L. The toxicity to planarians of the other eight surfactants based on 48-h LC50 could be arranged in the descending order of cetylpyridinum chloride (CPC) &gt; 4-tert-octylphenol (4-tert-OP) &gt; ammonium lauryl sulfate &gt; benzalkonium chloride &gt; saponin &gt; sodium lauroylsarcosinate &gt; dioctyl sulfosuccinate &gt; dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB). Both CPC and 4-tert-OP were very toxic to planarians, with 48-h LC50 values &lt;1 mg/L. The median effective concentrations (EC50s) of planarian mobility were in the 0.1 to 50 mg/L range and were in the same range as the 24-h LC50 of planarians exposed to different surfactants, except for DTAB. In addition, significant inhibition of cholinesterase activity activities was found in planarians exposed to 4-tert-OP at 2.5 and 5 mg/L and to saponin at 10 mg/L after 2-h treatments. This result suggests that planarian mobility responses can be used as an alternative indicator for acute toxicity of surfactants after a very short exposure period. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:843–850. © 2012 SETAC