bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation‐Driven Dermal Lymphangiogenesis in Atopic Dermatitis is Associated with CD11b+ Macrophage Recruitment and VEGF‐C Up‐regulation in the IL‐4‐Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: SHI VIVIAN Y. , BAO LEI , CHAN LAWRENCE S. 
Published: May 2012

Please cite this paper as: Shi VY, Bao L, Chan LS. Inflammation‐driven dermal lymphangiogenesis in atopic dermatitis is associated with CD11b+ macrophage recruitment and VEGF‐C up‐regulation in the IL‐4‐transgenic mouse model. Microcirculation 19: 567–579, 2012.AbstractObjective:  To investigate the presence and extent of inflammatory lymphangiogenesis in AD and determine the role of IL‐4 in lymphatic proliferation in both K14‐IL‐4 Tg mouse model of AD and cultured human epidermal cells.Methods:  Skin tissues from Tg mice were collected for immunostaining against PDPN, LYVE‐1, CD11b and VEGF‐C. The regulation of specific lymphatic biomarkers and growth factors were determined using qPCR and Western Blot analyses. Dermal lymphatic uptake and drainage were assessed using intradermal EB dye micro‐injections. Total RNA from IL‐4‐stimulated HaCaT cells was analyzed in a PCR array to evaluate the regulation of lymphangiogenic‐related genes.Results:  Prominent dermal microvascular lymphangiogenesis occurs in the Tg mice, characterized by a significant increase in number and caliber of the vasculature. The extent of both lymphatic proliferation and drainage parallels the progression of lesion severity, as does the up‐regulation of pro‐lymphangiogenic factors VEGF‐C, VEGFR‐3, ANG‐1, and ANG‐2. IL‐4‐stimulated HaCaT cells express high levels of MCP‐1, a strong macrophage chemo‐attractant. Additionally, Tg mice show significantly increased number of dermal CD11b+ macrophages expressing VEGF‐C in the skin.Conclusions:  Our results provide the first demonstration of inflammation‐mediated lymphangiogenesis in AD and that IL‐4 triggered macrophage recruitment may be closely linked to this phenomenon.
The effect of manipulated shading on the colony abundance of two species of ants, Formica aserva and Leptothorax muscorum, in dead wood
Authors: Higgins R.J. , Lindgren B.S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAnts (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are known to be a thermophilic group with fewer species at higher latitudes. They are ubiquitous in the sub‐boreal forests of west‐central British Columbia (Canada) in the early seral ages of forest succession, nesting almost exclusively in woody debris. Individual species begin to disappear with advancing seral ages as the canopy closes, suggesting the hypothesis that heat gain from insolation is critical to many species. We experimentally manipulated shading of two wood‐nesting ant species –Leptothorax muscorum (Nylander) and Formica aserva Forel – to emulate advancing seral age, in an environment documented to support their normal habitation. Shaded down woody debris (DWD) was found to be ca. 2 °C cooler than unshaded DWD, whereas stumps were ca. 1.5 °C cooler when shaded than when unshaded. We found significantly fewer colonies of both L. muscorum and F. aserva in shaded wood, as compared to unshaded, in a pattern consistent with how each species has been observed to respond to advancing seral age. Temperature monitoring during the experiment indicated that soil was cooler than either stumps or DWD, possibly explaining the absence of soil‐nesting ant species in these forests. The species‐specific differences in ant colony abundance in response to small temperature differences, found in this study, support other research on the significance of temperature in structuring ant assemblages.
Antennal and behavioural responses of Heortia vitessoides females to host plant volatiles of Aquilaria sinensis
Authors: Qiao Hai‐Li , Lu Peng‐Fei , Chen Jun , Ma Wei‐Si , Qin Rong‐Min , Li Xiang‐Ming 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study investigated volatiles from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (Thymelaeaceae) leaves that attracted Heortia vitessoides Moore (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Volatiles from young and old A. sinensis leaves were identified and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography‐electroantennogram detection. Both wind tunnel bioassays and field tests were conducted to measure the attraction of adults to synthetic blends of volatiles from leaves of different maturations. Consistent electroantennographic activity was obtained for nine and three compounds from headspace collections of young and old A. sinensis leaves, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found among two odour profiles. In wind tunnel experiments, the fresh young leaves proved to be more attractive to females than old leaves. A nine‐component mixture, including hexanal, limonene, 2‐hexanol, octanal, (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, nonanal, decanal, and 2,6,10‐trimethyl‐dodecane (with a ratio of 2:16:9:4:63:100:13:10:5) from young leaves attracted moths significantly more than the three‐component mixture of nonanal, decanal, and 2,6,10‐trimethyl‐dodecane (with a ratio of 11:14:26) from old leaves. Further subtractive bioassays conducted in the wind tunnel showed that both the complete nine‐component mixture and a subtracted four‐component mixture of hexanal, (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, nonanal, and decanal (with a ratio of 2:63:13:10) elicited equivalent responses in females. All components in the four‐component blend were essential for optimal attraction. In a field trial using the nine‐ and four‐component blends, more moths were captured using both blends than in traps baited with hexane only. Our study indicates that the odour blends of young leaves play an important role in H. vitessoides host plant recognition. The mechanisms behind host recognition and age‐dependent changes in leaf chemistry are discussed.
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis and patch test results of leather workers at two Indonesian tanneries
Authors: Febriana Sri Awalia , Jungbauer Frank , Soebono Hardyanto , Coenraads Pieter‐Jan 
Published: May 2012

Background. Tannery workers are at considerable risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis. Occupational skin diseases in tannery workers in newly industrialized countries have been reported, but neither the prevalence of occupational allergic contact dermatitis nor the skin‐sensitizing agents were specifically examined in those studies.Objectives. To assess the prevalence of occupational allergic contact dermatitis in Indonesian tanneries, identify the causative allergens, and propose a tannery work series of patch test allergens.Patients/methods A cross‐sectional study in all workers at two Indonesian tanneries was performed to assess the prevalence of occupational contact dermatitis via a questionnaire‐based interview and skin examination. Workers with occupational contact dermatitis were patch tested to identify the causative allergens.Results. Occupational contact dermatitis was suspected in 77 (16%) of the 472 workers. Thirteen (3%) of these 472 workers were confirmed to have occupational allergic contact dermatitis. Potassium dichromate (9.2%), N,N‐diphenylguanidine (5.3%), benzidine (3.9%) and sodium metabisulfite (2.6%) were found to be the occupationally relevant sensitizers.Conclusions. The sensitization pattern showed some differences from the data in studies reported from other newly industrial countries. We compiled a ‘tannery work series' of allergens for patch testing. A number of these allergens may also be considered for patch testing in patients with (leather) shoe dermatitis.
Intratumoral mast cell number is negatively correlated with tumor size and mitosis in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Authors: Kim Minji , Cho Kwang Hyun , Lee Jong Hee , Chang Mee Soo , Cho Soyun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare cutaneous tumor with intermediate malignancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of p53, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and c‐kit as immunohistochemical markers and toluidine blue staining for mast cell that can correlate with the clinical outcome and clarify role of mast cells in pathogenesis of tumor. We analysed data for 32 lesions from 31 patients. Fibrosarcomatous type DFSP showed high immunoreactivity for SMA compared with other subtypes (P = 0.026). No differences in p53 immunoreactivity were observed between subtypes. None of tumor cells were immunoreactive with c‐kit. The mast cell counts showed a negative correlation with mitosis and tumor size (P < 0.05), implying that mast cells do not have a causative primary role in tumorigenesis but rather play a secondary role.
Nicotine and lipopolysaccharide stimulate the production of MMPs and prostaglandin E2by hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α up‐regulation in human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Kim Y‐S. , Shin S‐I. , Kang K‐L. , Chung J‐H. , Herr Y. , Bae W‐J. , Kim E‐C. 
Published: May 2012

Kim Y‐S, Shin S‐I, Kang K‐L, Herr Y, Bae W‐J, Kim E‐C. Nicotine and lipopolysaccharide stimulate the production of MMPs and prostaglandin E2by hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α up‐regulation in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 719–728. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective: Although hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) is up‐regulated in the periodontal pockets of periodontitis patients, the expression and precise molecular mechanisms of HIF‐1α remain unknown in human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). The aim of this study was to explore the effects, as well as the signaling pathway, of nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of HIF‐1α and on the production of its target genes, including cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2)‐derived prostaglandin E2(PGE2), MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in PDLCs.Material and Methods: The expression of COX‐2 and HIF‐1α proteins was evaluated using western blotting. The production of PGE2and MMPs was evaluated using enzyme immunoassays and zymography, respectively.Results: LPS and nicotine synergistically induced the production of PGE2, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, and increased the expression of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, COX‐2 and HIF‐1α proteins. Inhibition of HIF‐1α activity by chetomin or knockdown ofHIF1αgene expression by small interfering RNA markedly attenuated the production of LPS‐ and nicotine‐stimulated PGE2and MMPs, as well as the expression of COX‐2 and HIF‐1α. Furthermore, pretreatment with inhibitors of COX‐2, p38, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, Jun N‐terminal kinase, protein kinase C, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and nuclear factor‐kappaB decreased the expression of nicotine‐ and LPS‐induced HIF‐1α and COX‐2, as well as the activity of PGE2and MMPs.Conclusion: These data demonstrate novel mechanisms by which nicotine and LPS promote periodontal tissue destruction, and provide further evidence that HIF‐1α is a potential target in periodontal disease associated with smoking and dental plaque.
Genital tract sepsis: early diagnosis, management and prevention
Authors: Sinha Prabha , Otify Mohamed 
Published: May 2012

Key content
While maternal mortality is declining overall, maternal deaths due to sepsis have risen in recent triennia.
Risk factors such as obesity, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, impaired immunity and anaemia should be identified and highlighted by health professionals.
Most maternal deaths occur due to substandard care, such as failure or delay in the diagnosis and late referral to hospital.
It is recommended that all maternity units use the Modified Obstetric Early Warning Scoring system for the early recognition of serious illness.
Learning objectives
To be able to identify risk factors for genital tract sepsis, as well as signs and symptoms.
To learn about a model of care for initial assessment and management.
To learn about the guiding principles for antibiotic therapy.
To understand the consequences of delayed management and potentially life‐threatening scenarios.
Ethical issues
Given the real concerns regarding the safety and adverse effects of antibiotics, should empirical treatment be given to all women?
The risks of unhelpful and unnecessary investigations should be balanced against the risks associated with delay and possible misdiagnosis.
Hyperprolactinaemia and female reproductive function: what does the evidence say?
Authors: Hamoda Haitham , Khalaf Yakoub , Carroll Paul 
Published: May 2012

Key content
Raised levels of prolactin are common and can result in the inhibition of ovulation and infertility.
This review summarises the published evidence on the association between hyperprolactinaemia and fertility in women.
The evidence on the assessment and treatment of the subfertile woman with clinical or biochemical evidence of hyperprolactinaemia is discussed.
The management of hyperprolactinaemia in pregnancy is discussed.
Learning objectives
To understand the effect of prolactin on ovulation and female reproductive function.
To be able to carry out an initial assessment of the infertile woman presenting with hyperprolactinaemia.
To understand the management of hyperprolactinaemia in pregnancy.
Ethical issues
Whether hyperprolactinaemia in the presence of ovulation in the subfertile woman should be treated is debatable.
There are safety issues regarding the use of dopamine agonists (bromocriptine, cabergoline and quinagolide) in pregnancy.
Prescription drug use in pregnancy: more evidence of safety is needed
Authors: Chan Melanie , Wong Ian C K , Sutcliffe Alastair Gordon 
Published: May 2012

Key content
Prescription drug use during pregnancy is prevalent, with 44–99% of women being prescribed medication during pregnancy.
Pregnant women and their unborn children are considered a vulnerable population; recent public health scares, such as H1N1, have highlighted the need for more detailed research into medication use in pregnancy.
The teratogenic risk of more than 80% of 468 drugs released in the USA over the last 20 years remains to be clarified.
Maternal physiological changes during pregnancy can alter drug pharmacokinetics, with poorly understood effects, while placental transfer of medications may have unknown fetal consequences.
There is an urgent need for further research into the adverse effects of drugs used in pregnancy.
Learning objectives
To know about the prevalence of prescription medication use during pregnancy.
To be aware of the lack of safety data available on fetal adverse effects for commonly prescribed drugs.
Ethical issues
Drug companies are reluctant to carry out phase III clinical trials in pregnant women and they rely on animal models and post‐marketing surveillance for the identification of adverse effects.
Is it unethical to prescribe drugs in pregnancy for which there is little concrete safety data?
Characterization of Two Putative Protein Phosphatase Genes and Their Involvement in Phosphorus Efficiency in Phaseolus vulgarisF
Authors: Liang Cui‐Yue , Chen Zhi‐Jian , Yao Zhu‐Fang , Tian Jiang , Liao Hong 
Published: May 2012

AbstractProtein dephosphorylation mediated by protein phosphatases plays a major role in signal transduction of plant responses to environmental stresses. In this study, two putative protein phosphatases, PvPS2:1 and PvPS2:2 were identified and characterized in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The two PvPS2 members were found to be localized to the plasma membrane and the nucleus by transient expression of PvPS2:GFP in onion epidermal cells. Transcripts of the two PvPS2 genes were significantly increased by phosphate (Pi) starvation in the two bean genotypes, G19833 (a P‐efficient genotype) and DOR364 (a P‐inefficient genotype). However, G19833 exhibited higher PvPS2:1 expression levels than DOR364 in both leaves and roots during Pi starvation. Increased transcription of PvPS2:1 in response to Pi starvation was further verified through histochemical analysis of PvPS2:1 promoter fusion ß‐glucuronidase (GUS) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Analysis of PvPS2:1 overexpression lines in bean hairy roots and Arabidopsis showed that PvS2:1 was involved in root growth and P accumulation. Furthermore, expression levels of two Pi starvation responsive genes were upregulated and the APase activities were enhanced in the overexpressing PvPS2:1 Arabidopsis lines. Taken together, our results strongly suggested that PvPS2:1 positively regulated plant responses to Pi starvation, and could be further targeted as a candidate gene to improve crop P efficiency.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE “SCORE AND RANK” PROCEDURE IN PREFERENCE STUDIES WITH CHILDREN
Authors: VIGNEAU E. , DULON L. , TEXIER F. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe elicitation of preferences among children is a key to the successful development of products designed for children. Among the several hedonic methodologies adapted for children aged between 6 and 10, the “score and rank” procedure introduced by L. L. Birch et al. was selected and tested. This procedure comprises two steps: hedonic categorization followed by ranking within each hedonic category. A new strategy of data analysis generated from this procedure of evaluation is discussed and illustrated on the basis of case studies with primary school children with whom close variants of commercial food products were tested.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe data processing strategy suggested for the “score and rank” procedure yields scores associated with the products being evaluated. In comparison with the usual procedure of data analysis that is based on ranks, the new strategy of analysis does not overestimate the differences in likings between the products and the number of consumers clusters.
Improving Patent Information Quality: Development and the Disclosure Requirements
Authors: Chakroun Nefissa 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe paper is based on the premise that disclosure of patent information is essential for development. Thus, the question posed is related to the extent to which substantive disclosure rules can secure the release of quality patent information that can be easily retrieved and utilized for development. To this end, the paper has made the argument that clear and complete disclosure might not be necessarily adequate to secure disclosure of quality patent information so that access and exploitation of this technical knowledge is less than optimal in developing countries. Apart from that, the research has suggested that improving patent information quality in itself might not be sufficient enough to secure access to this technical knowledge. Because availability of information does not always mean that it is accessible, the paper has analysed impediments to the accessibility of patent information showing that in practical terms, accessibility to technical knowledge might be quite poor.
Enabling global principle‐based regulation: The case of risk analysis in the Codex Alimentarius
Authors: Demortain David 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper deals with the creation of global principle‐based standards. For such standards to be accepted and effective, particular conditions must be fulfilled. One such condition, little explored, is that standard‐makers and ‐takers share knowledge about the meaning of the principles, as well as the practices through which they are likely to be applied. The paper shows that this condition is fulfilled when transnational cultural systems exist, by means of which both types of actors engage in the explication and representation of their practices so that a common, standard understanding emerges of how principles may be interpreted on the ground and informs the negotiations. A transnational cultural system is a crucial governance infrastructure to set global standards, as shown by the long history of creating a risk analysis guideline by the Codex Alimentarius, the inter‐governmental body for food standards.
New insights into the formation of fayalitic olivine from Allende dark inclusions
Authors: VARELA Maria E. , ZINNER Ernst , KURAT Gero , CHU Hao‐Tsu , HOPPE Peter 
Published: May 2012

Abstract–Although considerable progress has been made in unraveling the origin(s) of fayalitic olivines in dark inclusions (DIs), many questions remain still unresolved and/or controversial. We combine a chemical and petrographic study of the Allende dark inclusion 4884‐2B (AMNH, New York) and ATEM studies of a fragment of the dark inclusion Allende AF (NHM, Vienna) and discuss an alternative way in which fayalitic olivines could have formed. Allende dark inclusion 4884‐2B contains a few aggregates with variable proportions of transparent and feathery olivine. Two such objects (aggregates A and B) are the focus of this study as they preserve glasses that can help in deciphering the nature of the processes involved during olivine growth and subsequent olivine transformation. The petrographic and chemical characteristics of aggregates A and B indicate that the forsteritic stack olivines may be pseudomorphs of clear olivine crystals. The ATEM studies in All‐AF suggest that fayalitic olivines may be the result of secondary processes (e.g., metasomatic exchange reactions) operating in the solar nebula. Transformation may have occurred through the mediation of a dry gas phase involving nonvolatile major elements, such as Mg and Fe (e.g.,Dohmen et al. 1998). This mechanism could reveal olivine growth patterns (e.g., stacked platelets due to a rapid growth regime) and may have contributed to the development of their fibrous aspect while preserving the shape (i.e., volume) of the crystals. This highly selective process did completely or partially transform ferromagnesian minerals, but affected the fine‐grained mesostasis only slightly.
Synthesis and Structural Probing of Eu3+ Doped BaYF5 Nano‐Crystals in Transparent Oxyfluoride Glass‐Ceramics
Authors: Biswas Kaushik , Sontakke Atul D. , Annapurna Kalyandurg 
Published: May 2012

Transparent oxyfluoride glass‐ceramics containing Eu: BaYF5 nano‐crystals in the newly developed SiO2–K2CO3–BaF2–YF3–Sb2O3 glass system are synthesized by melt quenching method followed by optimized ceramization process. The X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy confirmed the precipitation of tetragonal BaYF5 nano‐crystals in glass matrix. The coexistence of Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions in both glass and glass‐ceramics are ascertained from their emission and excitation spectra. The in situ formation of divalent europium (Eu2+) along with Eu3+ during high temperature synthesis under ambient atmosphere is explained through optical basicity model. The Eu3+ emission from upper excitation states (5D3−1) and reduced asymmetry ratio (R = IED/IMD) in glass‐ceramics have established the dopant ion incorporation into fluoride nano‐crystalline environment. The observed luminescence properties of Eu:BaYF5 are compared with that of Eu:BaYF5 nanocrystals containing transparent glass‐ceramics and their marked differences are discussed.