bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral Deviation of the Hyoid Bone and Thyroid Cartilage Influences Prevertebral Soft-Tissue Swelling and Dysphagia After Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion
Authors: Yang Jae Jun , Lee Jin-Bog , Choi Jun-Young 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Prevertebral soft-tissue swelling (PSTS) after anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) is known to be influenced by several factors. We considered the effect of lateral deviation on the traction force and attempted to find a relationship with the PSTS. This study was designed to evaluate the preoperative lateral deviation of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage and its effect on PSTS, airway collapse, and clinical outcomes after ACDF.

METHODS:
Preoperative lateral deviations of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage at the superior cornu and inferior cornu were measured. To assess the effect of lateral deviation, patients who underwent 1 or 2 level ACDF with the left-sided approach were divided into a deviation group (left-sided deviation >5 mm or >10 mm) and a nondeviation group (left-sided deviation <5 mm or <10 mm). Difference of preoperative and postoperative PSTS (dPSTS), airway collapse, dysphagia score, and Neck Disability Index were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS:
Lateral deviation was measured in 290 patients, and 145 were enrolled to assess the effect of lateral deviation. Left-sided deviation was more common than right-sided deviation in all 3 structures (the hyoid bone, superior cornu, and inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage). The deviation group demonstrated a significantly larger dPSTS at the C3 and C4 levels, more airway collapse at the C4 level, and a higher dysphagia score. There was no significant difference in the Neck Disability Index between the 2 groups. Lateral deviation significantly correlated with dPSTS (C3, C4, C5, and C6 levels) and airway collapse (C3 and C4 levels).

CONCLUSION:
A left-sided deviation of more than 5 mm of the hyoid bone or thyroid cartilage discouraged the left-sided approach for ACDF because of the aggravation of dPSTS, airway collapse, and dysphagia postoperatively.
“The person was like the glue in the cracked pot which was no longer there”: co-production of the web-based Families and Friends in Bereavement intervention
Authors: Campling Natasha , Lund Susi , Allam Alison , Precious Gail , Myall Michelle 
Published: April 2024

Background Families, friends and support networks are key to managing bereavement. COVID-19 social restrictions prevented families and friends from being with the dying and participating in usual rituals to honour the dead. This resulted in social disconnection, feelings of guilt, and difficulty in making sense of the death and reconstructing relationships. In response to this context a theoretically informed, co-produced web-resource to facilitate meaning-making, which situates bereavement in the context of family and friends, was developed. This paper describes the development of the web-based intervention. Study aims To co-produce a web-based intervention theoretically informed by the family level extension Dual Process Model and Family Sense of Coherence, and pilot the intervention gaining user feedback to inform refinements in readiness for adoption and implementation. Methods Following a scoping review, a mixed methods study was undertaken using an online survey via questionnaire and virtual co-production workshop with bereaved people and bereavement professionals. Results Survey respondents (n=32) reported the pandemic negatively affected bereavement (guilt, isolation, inability to bear witness) but also presented new opportunities to celebrate the deceased and support the bereaved (new funeral rituals, technology, remote contact, social acknowledgement of grief). Sense-making and managing bereavement were helped through information-giving, support networks, and relocating the person within the family context. A web-resource to facilitate collective grief was viewed positively and endorsed. Key content including family activities to stimulate support, information regarding the range of grief experience and dealing with the practicalities, along with other sources of support was agreed by workshop participants (n=5) to form the basis of the intervention. Conclusion The publicly accessible Families and Friends in Bereavement intervention encourages consideration of bereavement in the context of close social networks. It enables grief to be understood and managed within a shared experience by promoting communication and meaning-making.
Gentrification and Racial Distrust in Communities: Evidence from 911 Calls
Authors: Ananthakrishnan Uttara M. , Hasan Sharique , Kumar Anuj 
Published: April 2024

The prevalence of racial bias in policing has long concerned social scientists and policymakers. This article studies a predecessor mechanism that constitutes an important source of policing bias in American society: calls by individuals to the police to investigate “suspicious” behaviors, often involving neighbors. We construct a novel data set of more than 39 million 911 calls across 14 U.S. cities from 2011 to 2020. These data, obtained through the digitization initiatives of local governments, provide us with a unique opportunity to study neighborhood-level trust and social cohesion and demonstrate how changes to a neighborhood’s composition lead to systematic increases in the prevalence of “unfounded” suspicion calls to the police. Across a range of specifications, the proportion of unfounded suspicion calls increases as more non-Black residents move into neighborhoods with historically high levels of Black residents. This relationship is exacerbated in gentrifying neighborhoods and those with public spaces that enable more contact between community members. However, we also find some evidence that Black leadership and public support of Black citizens in communities mitigate the association between non-Black residents and the proportion of unfounded 911 calls. We discuss our results and implications for future research and policy. This paper was accepted by Anindya Ghose, information systems. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00362 .
Exploring factors affecting clinical supervisors' capacity to train students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Scorer Trish , Sargent Hannah J 
Published: April 2024

Background: The combination of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, increased pet ownership and recruitment difficulties in veterinary practice, has the potential to impact the clinical supervisor-led training of student veterinary nurses. Aims: This study explored the capacity for clinical supervisor-led training of student veterinary nurses and the factors contributing to reduced capacity. Methods: A questionnaire-based study of training managers in referral and primary care practice was performed, exploring difficulties encountered appointing clinical supervisors and with fulfilling the role, before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: There was a reduced capacity for clinical supervisor-led training of student veterinary nurses throughout and following the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily because of a lack of time for the role. Conclusion: Challenges faced in clinical supervisor-led training of student veterinary nurses have led to reduced capacity for training. Future research and innovation in clinical nursing education needs to address the lack of time for nurses to fulfil the clinical supervisor role.
Developing Creative Thinking in Preschool Children: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative
Authors: Nurjanah Novita Eka , Yetti Elindra , Sumantri Mohamad Syarif 
Published: April 2024

<p style="text-align:justify">The ability to think creatively has a vital role in the development of preschool children. This research provides a comprehensive review of innovative approaches and strategies for developing creative thinking in preschool children based on current trends and methodologies used in educational settings. This research shows three significant areas: (a) creative thinking skills in preschool children, (b) factors influencing creative thinking skills in depth, and (c) innovative strategies and approaches to stimulate creative thinking abilities in preschool children. This research uses a literature study method assisted by the publish perish application to find reference sources related to creative thinking abilities in preschool children. Studies show that creative thinking abilities in preschool children enable them to find innovative solutions, help them adapt to challenges, foster self-confidence and courage, and enrich their experience and knowledge of the world around them. Meanwhile, preschool children's creative thinking abilities are influenced by collaboration from the external environment (parents, teachers, and society); providing support and examples for children to develop and stimulate their creative thinking skills is very important.</p> <p> </p>
I Am Thou, Thou Art I: Persona 5: The Royal’s: Representation of Post-Traumatic Growth Through Social Penetration Theory
Authors: Daniel Jr. Emory S. , Hays Sarah , Bean Anthony 
Published: April 2024

In the Shin Megami Tensei series – Persona, one of the most prevalent themes that exists within the gameplay is the social link system. The protagonist creates friendships over the course of the narrative and deepens the bond with friends with increased interactions. As the number of interactions increase, so does the depth of the conversation.
This study investigates the following objectives: 1) analyze how social interactions are presented in an in-game medium by means of social penetration, 2) determine how trauma is presented in Persona 5: The Royal and show how it is communicated as the relationship deepens, and 3) investigate frequencies of interactions between the protagonist and NPC’s as they demonstrate a coping mechanism through the means of post-traumatic growth.
This case study will content analyze through the lens of coding categories such as Social Penetration Theory and the Post Traumatic Growth Index. Using these coding categories, authors will quantitatively analyze all confidant interactions through 10 levels of individual conversations increasing in depth. A content analysis was used to investigate these in-game themes.
Using frequencies and Chi Square analysis, Affective stage and Stable stage from social penetration was the most frequent amongst the interactions, and while various trauma was present, Relating to Others was most prominent as the relationships deepened.
The depths of interaction and coping through trauma was found to be quite similar to real world interactions and growing past trauma as a person relies on friends and family, and focuses on the future. These themes can be used to explain post traumatic growth, and could be utilized to empathize with clients who might be struggling with their own trauma.
3DOF displacement sensor based on the self-imaging effect of optical micro-gratings
Authors: Yang Hao , Zhang Mengdi , Guo Lijun , Yang Zhiyong , Li Mengwei , Xin Chenguang 
Published: April 2024

In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for a multiple degrees of freedom
(DOF) measurement system with high performance and high integration.
Here, we report a 3DOF displacement sensor
based on the self-imaging
effect of optical micro-gratings. The optical field distribution
behind a micro-grating with a period of 3 µm is analyzed
theoretically. The transmission properties of a double-grating
structure are investigated in theory. In the experiment, 3DOF
displacement measurement within a range of 1 mm is
demonstrated. Using an interpolation circuit with a subdividing factor
of 1000, displacement measurement with a theoretical resolution of
3 nm is realized. The experimental resolution is ∼8nm. An error within 2 µm is
obtained experimentally within a range of 1 mm for 3DOF
measurement. With a few optical components such as a beam splitter
prism and beam expanders, the sensor shows potential in developing
ultra-compact multi-DOF displacement measuring systems. Together with
a nanometric resolution, the 3DOF displacement sensor has shown great
potential in applications such as high-precision mechanical
engineering and semiconductor processing.
Canonical and Poynting currents in propagation and diffraction of structured light: tutorial
Authors: Ghosh Bohnishikha , Daniel Anat , Gorzkowski Bernard , Bekshaev Aleksandr Y. , Lapkiewicz Radek , Bliokh Konstantin Y. 
Published: April 2024

The local propagation and the energy flux in structured optical fields are often associated with the Poynting vector. However, the local phase gradient (i.e., local wavevector) in monochromatic fields in free space is described by another fundamental quantity: the canonical momentum density. Distributions of the Poynting and canonical momentum densities can differ significantly from each other in structured fields. We examine the role of these quantities in the propagation and diffraction of structured optical fields, exemplified by various circularly polarized vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum. We describe the canonical and Poynting momentum distributions in such beams, experimentally measure the local transverse momentum density by a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, and investigate fine features of the diffraction of various vortex beams on a knife-edge aperture. In all cases, the measured local momentum density and local beam evolution are consistent with the canonical momentum distribution rather than the Poynting vector. Furthermore, we introduce the local angular velocity in vortex beams and determine the universal integral π angle of azimuthal rotation in an arbitrary (yet circularly symmetric) propagating and diffracting vortex beam. Finally, we discuss the “supermomentum” and “backflow” effects; both of these phenomena are examples of superoscillations and are related to the properties of the canonical momentum. Our results reveal the profound role of the canonical momentum in the evolution of light and demonstrate the importance of distinguishing between it and the Poynting vector in structured light.
Detector-integrated vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a movable high-contrast grating mirror
Authors: Wang Minglu , Peng Hongling , Hao Chenxi , Zhou Xuyan , Zheng Wanhua , Liu Anjin 
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we present a detector-integrated vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a movable high-contrast grating (HCG) mirror in an n-i-p-i-n manner. The detector-integrated VCSEL with a movable HCG can achieve three functions, including wavelength tuning, power monitoring, and resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) photon detection. Currently, the device can achieve a wavelength tuning range of 27 nm at room temperature when the suspended HCG is driven by the reverse-bias voltage. The n-i-p structure located at the upper part of the device can serve as an intra-cavity photodiode to monitor the output power due to the defect absorption. The RCE photon detection function of the detector-integrated VCSEL with a movable HCG is measured, and it has a peak responsivity at about 926 nm. This detector-integrated VCSEL with a movable HCG will be useful for sensing and imaging.
Gbps key rate passive-state-preparation continuous-variable quantum key distribution within an access-network area
Authors: Ji Feiyu , Huang Peng , Wang Tao , Jiang Xueqin , Zeng Guihua 
Published: April 2024

The conventional Gaussian-modulated coherent-state quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol requires the sender to perform active modulations based on a true random number generator. Compared with it, the passive-state-preparation (PSP) continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) equivalently performs modulations passively by exploring the intrinsic field fluctuations of a thermal source, which offers the prospect of chip integration QKD with low cost. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a high-rate PSP-CVQKD scheme within an access-network area using high-bandwidth detectors in a continuous wave encoding and decoding way. By proposing effective methods for suppressing the noises during the PSP process and polarization multiplexing to decrease the photon leakage noises, we realize the high-intensity local oscillator transmission, thereby achieving coherent detection with high efficiency, low noise, and high bandwidth. The secure key rates over transmission distance of 5.005 km with and without consideration of the finite-size effect are 273.25 Mbps and 1.09 Gbps. The use of the PSP method boosts the asymptotic secret key rate of CVQKD to Gbps level for the first time, to our knowledge, within the range of the access network, which provides an effective and secure key distribution strategy for high-speed quantum cryptography access communication.
The Burden of Overweight and Obesity-Associated Gastrointestinal Cancers in Low and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Global Burden of Disease 2019 Analysis
Authors: Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Auttapracha Thanida , Sukphutanan Banthoon , Ng Cheng Han , Wattanachayakul Phuuwadith , Kongarin Siwanart , Dutta Priyata , Duangsonk Kwanjit , Thongpiya Jerapas , Muthiah Mark D. , Huang Daniel Q. , Lui Rashid N. , Seko Yuya , Takahashi Hirokazu , Noureddin Mazen , Yang Ju Dong , Wallace Michael B. , Wijarnpreecha Karn 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Obesity is associated with cancer, including gastrointestinal (GI). Data from low (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (MICs) are limited.

METHODS:
We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to determine the mortality from GI cancer risk of high body mass index (BMI) in these countries.

RESULTS:
Mortality rates of GI cancers from high BMI increased in LICs and lower MICs, while burdens decreased or remained stable in high and middle-income countries.

DISCUSSION:
The GI cancer-related burden from high BMI increased in LICs and lower MICs, necessitating a concerted effort to tackle the obesity pandemic.
Evaluation of the efficacy of complex analgesic therapy, including a combination of B vitamins, in patients with combination of osteoarthritis and chronic non-specific low back pain (results of an open-label pilot clinical trial)
Authors: Filatova E. S. , Karateev A. E. , Shakhramanova E. L. , Ghukasyan D. A. , Shkireeva S. Yu. , Lila A.  M. 
Published: April 2024

The vitamin B1, B6 and B12 complex (VBC) is frequently used to treat acute and chronic low back pain.Objective: to investigate the effect of a combination of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and a VBC on the main manifestations of nociceptive system dysfunction in patients with combination of osteoarthritis (OA) and chronic non-specific low back pain (NSLBP).Material and methods. The study group consisted of 99 patients (82% women, mean age 63.6±17.2 years) with OA of various localization andNSLBP who had moderate to severe pain (≥4 on a numerical rating scale, NRS 0–10). All patients received etoricoxib 60 mg/day (up to 14 days) and a course of intramuscular (IM) injections of VBC (a drug for parenteral administration containing solutions of thiamine 100 mg, pyridoxine 100 mg, cyanocobalamin 1.0 mg and lidocaine 20 mg) 2.0 ml №10. Treatment outcome was assessed after 14 days.Results and discussion. During treatment, the vast majority of patients showed a significant improvement: the median severity of pain on movement (NRS) decreased from 6.3 [5.0; 8.0] to 3.7 [3.0; 5.0], p=0.0001; functional impairment – from 3.8 [2.0; 6.0] to 2.2 [1.0; 3.0], p=0.001; fatigue – from 5.6 [4.0; 8.0] to 3.5 [0.0; 2.0], p=0.0001. 71.6% of patients rated the treatment results as good or excellent. Six patients had adverse reactions: 2 – local pain at the site of the intramuscular injections, 1 – arterial hypertension, 3 – epigastric pain. No serious adverse events were recorded.Conclusion. The combined use of NSAIDs and VBC can provide significant improvement in patients with a combination of OA and NSLBP.
Alfacalcidol in clinical practice: focus on the efficacy and safety of the Russian generic drug
Authors: Toroptsova N. V. , Kozyreva M. V. , Dobrovolskaya O. V. 
Published: April 2024

The most important factors that determine the risk of fractures are not only the presence of osteoporosis (OP), but also the risk of falls. In addition to sufficient physical activity, medications are needed that have a positive effect on the strength and functional performance of the skeletal muscles. Vitamin D supplements play a key role in this therapeutic approach.Objective: to investigate the tolerability, safety and efficacy of the generic drug Alfacalcidol Canon on the functional status of patients with reduced bone mineral density in clinical practice.Material and methods. The study involved 30 women with OP or osteopenia who were at high risk of falls (mean age 68.0±7.2 years) and who were administered Alfacalcidol Canon at a dose of 1 mcg/day for 3 months. The follow-up period included 4 visits to the clinic, during which laboratory tests were performed and falls and fractures, adverse reactions and patients' adherence to treatment were registered. At the first and last visits, quality of life was assessed using the EQ-5D and the functional status of the skeletal muscles was examined. At the 4th visit, the tolerability of the medication was assessed.Results and discussion. After 3 months of therapy, an increase in muscle strength of the dominant arm was observed by an average of 15.4% (p=0.00002). The time for the "Chair Stand Test" and the "Time up and go" test decreased by 17.4% (p=0.000012) and 13.6% (p=0.00004) respectively. The gait speed test increased on average by 13.9% (p=0.000013), it increased in 26 (86.7%) women. The SPPB test score increased on average by 12.5% (p=0.000001), and achievement of the best indicators was found in 23 (76.7%) women. There were no cases of hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypermagnesemia, but 1 case of hypercalciuria was detected. Falls occurred in 2 women (6.7%) who had fallen in the previous year, one of whom suffered a fracture of humeral neck. Adverse reactions were observed in 3 (10 %) women, one of whom stopped taking the drug. 90% of the patients tolerated the treatment excellently. The average compliance rate was 94.3%.Conclusion. Alfacalcidol Canon is a safe and effective drug that can be used to improve the physical performance of skeletal muscles in patients with a high risk of falls.
The first clinical experience with selective DNA plasmasorption using the NucleoCapture Device in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Aseeva E. A. , Pokrovsky N. S. , Soloviev S. K. , Nikolaeva E. V. , Nikishina N. Yu. , Abdullin E. T. , Reshetnyak T.  M. , Zotkin E. G. , Lila A. M. 
Published: April 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by the overproduction of autoantibodies against various components of the nucleus of the patient's own cells with the development of immunoinflammatory tissue damage. In recent years, more and more data have accumulated on the involvement of neutrophils in the development of the clinical symptoms of SLE, and DNA-containing structures and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) playing an important role in this process. Effective neutralization of NETs in SLE can be achieved by removing circulating proteins and molecules associated with NETs from the bloodstream by selective plasma sorption of DNA using the NucleoCapture Device.This article describes the case of a patient who underwent three plasma sorption sessions aiming to suppress the activity of SLE. During the therapy, significant positive dynamics were achieved: the SLEDAI-2K index decreased from 32 to 12 points, the number of leukocytes in the blood normalized, renal function improved, and the immunological activity of the disease decreased.