bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Caenorhabditis elegans vitellogenesis by DAF-2/IIS through separable transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms
Authors: DePina Ana S , Iser Wendy B , Park Sung-Soo , Maudsley Stuart , Wilson Mark A , Wolkow Catherine A 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Evolutionary theories of aging propose that longevity evolves as a competition between reproduction and somatic maintenance for a finite pool of resources. Reproduction is thought to shorten lifespan by depleting resources from processes promoting somatic maintenance. Maternal yolk production, vitellogenesis, represents a significant maternal cost for reproduction and is suppressed under genetic and environmental conditions that extend lifespan. However, little is known about the pathways regulating vitellogenesis in response to prolongevity cues.

Results
In order to identify mechanisms that suppress vitellogenesis under prolongevity conditions, we studied factors regulating vitellogenesis in C. elegans nematodes. In C. elegans, vitellogenesis is depressed in the absence of insulin-like signaling (IIS). We found that the C. elegans daf-2/IIS pathway regulates vitellogenesis through two mechanisms. vit-2 transcript levels in daf-2 mutants were indirectly regulated through a germline-dependent signal, and could be rescued by introduction of daf-2(+) sperm. However, yolk protein (YP) levels in daf-2 mutants were also regulated by germline-independent posttranscriptional mechanisms.

Conclusions

C. elegans vitellogenesis is regulated transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally in response to environmental and reproductive cues. The daf-2 pathway suppressed vitellogenesis through transcriptional mechanisms reflecting reproductive phenotypes, as well as distinct posttranscriptional mechanisms. This study reveals that pleiotropic effects of IIS pathway mutations can converge on a common downstream target, vitellogenesis, as a mechanism to modulate longevity.
Elevated performance: the unique physiology of birds that fly at high altitudes
Authors: Scott Graham R. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryBirds that fly at high altitudes must support vigorous exercise in oxygen-thin environments. Here I discuss the characteristics that help high fliers sustain the high rates of metabolism needed for flight at elevation. Many traits in the O2 transport pathway distinguish birds in general from other vertebrates. These include enhanced gas-exchange efficiency in the lungs, maintenance of O2 delivery and oxygenation in the brain during hypoxia, augmented O2 diffusion capacity in peripheral tissues and a high aerobic capacity. These traits are not high-altitude adaptations, because they are also characteristic of lowland birds, but are nonetheless important for hypoxia tolerance and exercise capacity. However, unique specializations also appear to have arisen, presumably by high-altitude adaptation, at every step in the O2 pathway of highland species. The distinctive features of high fliers include an enhanced hypoxic ventilatory response, an effective breathing pattern, larger lungs, haemoglobin with a higher O2 affinity, further augmentation of O2 diffusion capacity in the periphery and multiple alterations in the metabolic properties of cardiac and skeletal muscle. These unique specializations improve the uptake, circulation and efficient utilization of O2 during high-altitude hypoxia. High-altitude birds also have larger wings than their lowland relatives to reduce the metabolic costs of staying aloft in low-density air. High fliers are therefore unique in many ways, but the relative roles of adaptation and plasticity (acclimatization) in high-altitude flight are still unclear. Disentangling these roles will be instrumental if we are to understand the physiological basis of altitudinal range limits and how they might shift in response to climate change.
Light conditions affect sexual performance in a lekking tephritid fruit fly
Authors: Díaz-Fleischer Francisco , Arredondo José 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARY
Sensory systems are very susceptible to early environment experience. Mating success depends on the transmission of information from the signaller to the receiver, which means that sensory biases caused by developmental environment are likely to affect sexual selection. We investigated the impact of the developmental visual environment (light spectrum) on male copulation behaviour and female preference in the lekking tephritid Anastrepha ludens. We reared flies in four different light spectrum conditions – red light, blue light, shaded light and darkness – during their first 16 days after emerging from pupae. We found that the light environment experienced during early adulthood affected mating frequency and, in some cases, the latency to copulate, but not copulation duration. Males exposed to any of the three light treatments (red, blue or shaded light) were more frequently chosen as mating partners than dark-reared males. Flies reared under dark conditions exhibited the lowest mating performance out of any of the rearing environments. Under field cage conditions, a slight assortative mating between blue- and red-light-reared flies was detected. Additionally, females reared in blue light and darkness mated less compared with females reared in red and shaded light. Our data demonstrate that male mating behaviour is flexible in response to light environment. The findings suggest that light spectrum only weakly affects the direction of sexual selection by female choice; however, dark rearing environments deeply affect mating success.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment and Depression are Associated with Poststroke Mortality
Authors: Ried L Douglas , Jia Huanguang , Feng Hua , Cameon Randi , Wang Xinping , Tueth Michael , Wu Samuel S 
Published: July 2011

Background: Studies generally do not examine patients' prestroke depression diagnoses and treatments. Objective: To examine the association of depression diagnosis and prestroke and/or poststroke selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment with poststroke mortality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of the medical records of a cohort of veterans with a stroke diagnosis between July 31, 2000, and September 30, 2001. Data regarding demographics, comorbidities, depression diagnosis, and treatment were abstracted from automated databases and electronic medical records for 6 months before and 1 year after the stroke index date. The survival rates of veterans who received an SSRI before and/or after the stroke were estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between risk factors and mortality. Results: Among 870 veterans, 80 died less than 60 days after their stroke. Among the remaining 790, 12% died within 1 year, 26% died by the end of follow-up (May 1, 2007), and more than 62% were alive at the end of follow-up. Veterans were 3 times as likely to die if they had been treated for depression with an SSRI only before their stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 3.12; 95% CI 1.60 to 6.09). In the time-dependent model, SSRI treatment both before and after the stroke was protective compared with no SSRI treatment during the year following the stroke (HR 0.31; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.86). However, the survival curves crossed over and SSRI treatment before and after stroke conferred greater risk at the end of 7 years (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.87). Depression diagnosis was associated with greater risk of mortality (HR 1.87; 95% CI 1.24 to 2.82). Conclusions: Poststroke SSRI treatment was associated with longer survival even though depression diagnosis was associated with earlier mortality in the unadjusted model. After a stroke, SSRI initiation or resumption of treatment should be considered as part of a medication therapy management service, especially if the patient has a history of depression or was taking an SSRI before the stroke.
Reinforcement of bond strength of self-etching orthodontic adhesive
Authors: Horiuchi Shinya , Kuroda Shingo , Hiasa Masahiro , Suge Toshiyuki , Saku Seitaro , Hamada Kenichi , Matsuo Takashi , Asaoka Kenzo , Tanaka Eiji 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective:To determine the reinforcement of bond strength of a self-etching system by applying a pretreatment agent.Materials and Methods:Sixty extracted human premolars were used in this study. The enamel surfaces were treated with four pretreatment agents—phosphoric acid, polyacrylic acid, citric acid, and ammonium hexafluorosilicate (SiF)—and were examined under a scanning electron microscope. Afterward, orthodontic brackets were bonded with a self-etching adhesive system (n  =  10 for each agent), and shear bond strength was measured through a debonding process. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was also assessed.Results:Enamel surfaces treated with polyacrylic acid seemed almost the same as intact enamel. Treatment with SiF induced slight shallow depressions compared with the intact enamel. On the other hand, enamel surfaces treated with citric acid and phosphoric acid showed severe etching patterns. All pretreatments increased the bond strength, but SiF-treated specimens revealed the greatest strength (12.201 ± 1.048 MPa), followed by polyacrylic acid (12.030 ± 2.103 MPa). The control group with no pretreatment showed the least strength (9.078 ± 1.678 MPa). All pretreatments increased ARI score compared with the control group.Conclusions:Surface conditioning before bracket adhesion could reinforce the bond strength of the self-etching adhesive system, resulting in a more reliable bonding system.
High Plasma Level of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is an Independent Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Chen Cheng , Cheung Bernard M.Y. , Tso Annette W.K. , Wang Yudong , Law Lawrence S.C. , Ong Kwok Leung , Wat Nelson M.S. , Xu Aimin , Lam Karen S.L. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which previously has been shown to be elevated in obesity, could predict the development of type 2 diabetes in a 5.4-year, population-based, prospective study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Baseline plasma FGF21 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 1,900 subjects from the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study (CRISPS). The prospective association of FGF21 with diabetes development over 5.4 years was analyzed using multiple logistic regression.

RESULTS
At baseline, plasma levels of FGF21 increased progressively with worsening dysglycemia from normal glucose tolerance, through prediabetes, to diabetes (global trend, P &lt; 0.001). Of 1,292 subjects without diabetes at baseline, a high baseline FGF21 level was a strong independent predictor for diabetes development (odds ratio 1.792; P &lt; 0.01), together with waist circumference and fasting plasma glucose levels.

CONCLUSIONS
Plasma FGF21 levels were significantly increased in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes and predicted the development of diabetes in humans.
The Effect of a Hip-Strengthening Program on Mechanics During Running and During a Single-Leg Squat
Authors: Willy Richard W. , Davis Irene S. 
Published: July 2011

Study Design Block randomized controlled trial. Objectives To investigate whether a strengthening and movement education program, targeting the hip abductors and hip external rotators, alters hip mechanics during running and during a single-leg squat. Background Abnormal movement patterns during running and single-leg squatting have been associated with a number of running-related injuries in females. Therapeutic interventions for these aberrant movement patterns typically include hip strengthening. While these strengthening programs have been shown to improve symptoms, it is unknown if the underlying mechanics during functional movements is altered. Methods Twenty healthy females with excessive hip adduction during running, as determined by instrumented gait analysis, were recruited. The runners were matched by age and running distance, and randomized to either a training group or a control group. The training group completed a hip strengthening and movement education program 3 times per week for 6 weeks in addition to single-leg squat training with neuromuscular reeducation consisting of mirror and verbal feedback on proper mechanics. The control group did not receive an intervention but maintained the current running distance. Using a handheld dynamometer and standard motion capture procedures, hip strength and running and single-leg squat mechanics were compared before and after the strengthening and movement education program. Results While hip abductor and external rotation strength increased significantly (P<.005) in the training group, there were no significant changes in hip or knee mechanics during running. However, during the single-leg squat, hip adduction, hip internal rotation, and contralateral pelvic drop all decreased significantly (P = .006, P = .006, and P = .02, respectively). The control group exhibited no changes in hip strength, nor in the single-leg squat or running mechanics at the conclusion of the 6-week study. Conclusion A training program that included hip strengthening and movement training specific to single-leg squatting did not alter running mechanics but did improve single-leg squat mechanics. These results suggest that hip strengthening and movement training, when not specific to running, do not alter abnormal running mechanics. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(9):625–632, Epub 12 July 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3470
Banqueroute : la faillite, le crime et la transition vers le capitalisme dans la France moderne
Authors: Hardwick Julie 
Published: July 2011

Cet article jette les bases d’une analyse historique de la pratique de la banqueroute criminelle à l’époque moderne, à travers une étude rigoureuse des dynamiques des informations judiciaires sur des éventuelles banqueroutes. Il est fondé sur les archives de la « cour de la conservation », qui s’occupait de ces affaires à Lyon, qui était alors une des plus importantes places de commerce en France à l’époque moderne. Il examine ce qui se passait entre l’ouverture de l’enquête légale et l’annonce de la sentence judiciaire, en étudiant les nombreuses étapes et les divers acteurs qui contribuaient à façonner la notion de « banqueroute ». Une telle méthodologie permet de mettre au jour les facettes très variées des affaires et elle révèle les pistes qui ont été abandonnées, les négociations, et l’entremêlement des questions juridiques, familiales et économiques. Cet article dévoile donc quelques-uns des impératifs sociaux, culturels et juridiques qui ont pesé sur l’intensification des pratiques de marché dans la France de l’époque moderne.
Où il est question d'Italo Calvino, de tulipes, de mariages et de quelques autres
Authors: Ginsburgh Victor 
Published: July 2011

Résumé L’auteur montre que ce ne sont ni Maurice Allais [1947], ni Paul Samuelson [1958], qui ont « inventé » le modèle à générations imbriquées, mais bien l’écrivain italien Italo Calvino. Dans un conte écrit en 1944, tout était en place et bien plus, puisque non seulement Calvino montre qu’il existait un équilibre, mais aussi que cet équilibre pouvait être perturbé par une nouvelle génération qui n’adhérait pas au comportement malhonnête des générations existantes. Le modèle est étendu à d’autres situations, comme la bulle des tulipes et celle de Madoff, et à la stabilité, ou plutôt à l’instabilité, de l’institution du mariage.
The Influence of fMRI Lie Detection Evidence on Juror Decision‐Making
Authors: McCabe David P. , Castel Alan D. , Rhodes Matthew G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn the current study, we report on an experiment examining whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) lie detection evidence would influence potential jurors' assessment of guilt in a criminal trial. Potential jurors (N = 330) read a vignette summarizing a trial, with some versions of the vignette including lie detection evidence indicating that the defendant was lying about having committed the crime. Lie detector evidence was based on evidence from the polygraph, fMRI (functional brain imaging), or thermal facial imaging. Results showed that fMRI lie detection evidence led to more guilty verdicts than lie detection evidence based on polygraph evidence, thermal facial imaging, or a control condition that did not include lie detection evidence. However, when the validity of the fMRI lie detection evidence was called into question on cross‐examination, guilty verdicts were reduced to the level of the control condition. These results provide important information about the influence of lie detection evidence in legal settings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereochemical vocabulary for structures that are chiral but not asymmetric: History, analysis, and proposal for a rational terminology
Authors: Gal Joseph 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAsymmetric objects are necessarily chiral, but a structure may be chiral and not asymmetric if it possesses one or more proper rotation axes. Chiral but not asymmetric molecules are important in chemistry and its applications, but no suitable term exists for the designation of such structures, and their terminology in the literature is confused and chaotic. Dissymmetric has been redefined by some authors as “chiral but not asymmetric,” in conflict both with Pasteur's definition of the term as “not superposable on its mirror image” (without other restrictions, i.e., chiral) and the understanding of the term in stereochemistry. Moreover, dissymmetric and asymmetric are frequently confused because of their similar forms. Furthermore, dissymmetric is widely used in many other definitions in chemistry, physics, and other disciplines. Thus, dissymmetric is unsuitable in the new definition of “chiral but not asymmetric,” and a new term is needed. The adjective “symmanumorphous” is therefore proposed for “chiral but not asymmetric”. “Sym” (from symmetry) indicates the presence of some symmetry in the structure, and “manu” (from “manus,” Latin for hand, e.g., manual, manuscript) refers to its handedness. “Morphous,” from the Greek “morphē,” that is, form, is widely used, for example, anthropomorphous, enantiomorphous, etc. Symmanumorphous is convenient and euphonious and at 15 characters (same as enantiomorphous) is not unduly long. The nouns “a symmanumorph” (a structure that is chiral but not asymmetric) and “symmanumorphism” (the phenomenon of chirality without asymmetry) are also proposed. The new terminology is adaptable in other languages and would contribute to creating order out of linguistic chaos. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly Fluorous Porphyrins as Model Compounds for Molecule Interferometry
Authors: Tüxen Jens , Eibenberger Sandra , Gerlich Stefan , Arndt Markus , Mayor Marcel 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of seven tailor‐made highly fluorous porphyrin derivatives are described, as large perfluoroalkyl‐functionalized organic molecules are the most complex objects for which the quantum wave nature has been observed so far. We have found, in particular, that tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin is a suitable starting point for a modular synthesis that is geared towards porphyrin derivatives with many peripheral fluorous chains. This allows us to tailor and optimize the sublimation features of these compounds for molecule interferometry. We have analyzed the evaporation process of one member of the series by determining the enthalpy of evaporation, as the creation of a sufficiently intense, slow molecular beam is crucial for quantum interference experiments. We present the quantum fringe pattern of a second member of the series, which we could obtain in a Kapitza–Dirac–Talbot–Lau interferometer.
Studies on the Synthesis and Characterization of PdTiO2SiO2 Nanocomposite for Electroanalytical Applications
Authors: Pandey P. C. , Prakash Arvind 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA nanocomposite of PdTiO2SiO2 is developed through a sol‐gel process from the reaction products of titanium isopropoxide followed by mixing the same with palladium linked 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The reaction product is sonicated and calcinated to obtain the nanocomposite of PdTiO2SiO2. The calcination at 600 °C yielded an amorphous structure whereas at 900 °C it resulted into a nanocrystalline structure. The nanocomposite of palladium was further characterized by TEM, XRD, IR and EDS. The material acts as an efficient electrocatalyst. Electrocatalysis of ascorbic acid is observed at 0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl, shows linearity between 1 µM and 1 mM in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0).
Hypomethylation of the 14‐3‐3σ promoter leads to increased expression in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Radhakrishnan Vijayababu M. , Jensen Taylor J. , Cui Haiyan , Futscher Bernard W. , Martinez Jesse D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe 14‐3‐3 proteins are a set of seven highly conserved proteins that have recently been implicated in having a role in human tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism by which 14‐3‐3 proteins may act in this capacity is not well understood. In this study, we examined the expression of one of the 14‐3‐3 family members, 14‐3‐3σ, since it was shown previously to be aberrantly altered in human tumors. Using quantitative rtPCR and immunohistochemistry, we found that the expression levels of 14‐3‐3σ were elevated in the majority of human non‐small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) we examined. Surprisingly, we found that the 14‐3‐3σ gene was hypomethylated in lung tumors relative to normal lung tissue suggesting that decreased DNA methylation resulted in increased expression of 14‐3‐3σ in NSCLC. We also determined the gene copy number for 14‐3‐3σ in tumor samples and found no significant correlation with elevated mRNA expression. And also no mutations were found in 14‐3‐3σ gene. Overall, our data suggest that misregulated expression of 14‐3‐3σ gene may be due to altered methylation status. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential use of weather radar to study movements of wintering waterfowl
Authors: Randall Lori A. , Diehl Robert H. , Wilson Barry C. , Barrow Wylie C. , Jeske Clinton W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTo protect and restore wintering waterfowl habitat, managers require knowledge of routine wintering waterfowl movements and habitat use. During preliminary screening of Doppler weather radar data we observed biological movements consistent with routine foraging flights of wintering waterfowl known to occur near Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Louisiana. During the winters of 2004–2005 and 2005–2006, we conducted field surveys to identify the source of the radar echoes emanating from Lacassine NWR. We compared field data to weather radar reflectivity data. Spatial and temporal patterns consistent with foraging flight movements appeared in weather radar data on all dates of field surveys. Dabbling ducks were the dominant taxa flying within the radar beam during the foraging flight period. Using linear regression, we found a positive log‐linear relationship between average radar reflectivity (Z) and number of birds detected over the study area (P < 0.001, r2 = 0.62, n = 40). Ground observations and the statistically significant relationship between radar data and field data confirm that Doppler weather radar recorded the foraging flights of dabbling ducks. Weather radars may be effective tools for wintering waterfowl management because they provide broad‐scale views of both diurnal and nocturnal movements. In addition, an extensive data archive enables the study of wintering waterfowl response to habitat loss, agricultural practices, wetland restoration, and other research questions that require multiple years of data. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.