bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Come All and Bring Your Spades’: England and Arbor Day, c.1880 – 1914
Authors: HIPPERSON JULIE 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn February 1897, villagers in the small Kentish town of Eynsford celebrated their first Arbor Day by planting a row of trees in acrostic form to spell out the proverb MY SON, BE WISE. By 1910 Arbor Day had featured in the discussions of a Parliamentary Select Committee and the House of Commons, and was enjoying national press coverage as the event spread under the auspices of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and the Garden City Movement. Proponents positioned the ceremony as a prism through which to address the pressing social and economic concerns of rural depopulation, unemployment and deforestation, and by promoting the event as part of the educational experience of children, offered it up as a contribution towards the amelioration of these ills. Although the establishment of the Forestry Commission in 1919 ushered in the increasingly inflexible belief that the state rather than individuals was the only competent custodian of English woodland, Arbor Day can tell us much about how humankind's affective response to nature was conditioned, shored up and survived this increasingly scientific approach from the late nineteenth century.
The small-community phenomenon in networks
Authors: LI ANGSHENG , PENG PAN 
Published: March 2012

We investigate several geometric models of networks that simultaneously have some nice global properties, including the small-diameter property, the small-community phenomenon, which is defined to capture the common experience that (almost) everyone in society also belongs to some meaningful small communities, and the power law degree distribution, for which our result significantly strengthens those given in van den Esker (2008) and Jordan (2010). These results, together with our previous work in Li and Peng (2011), build a mathematical foundation for the study of both communities and the small-community phenomenon in various networks.In the proof of the power law degree distribution, we develop the method of alternating concentration analysis to build a concentration inequality by alternately and iteratively applying both the sub- and super-martingale inequalities, which seems to be a powerful technique with further potential applications.
Transaortic Fallot repair in a grown-up patient: advantages in a situs inversus setting
Authors: Gil-Jaurena Juan-Miguel , Cano Joaquín , Cuenca Victorio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe present the case studies of two adult patients with tetralogy of Fallot who were scheduled for surgery. After addressing the right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, the aorta was opened and the ventricular septal defect was approached in a straightforward manner as it was located just under the overriding aortic valve. The second patient presented with was a situs inversus, dextroapex Fallot. In this setting, the aortic approach simplified the repair expeditiously. After 2 years, both patients are in New York Heart Association class I, with no residual ventricular septal defect, no aortic regurgitation, and complete relief of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
Hb level in relation to vitamin D status in healthy infants and toddlers
Authors: Abdul-Razzak Khalid K , Khoursheed Abeer M , Altawalbeh Shoroq M , Obeidat Bayan A , Ajlony Mohammed-Jafar A 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the presence of an association between vitamin D deficiency and anaemia in Jordanian infants and toddlers, in whom both vitamin D deficiency and anaemia have previously been proved to be common separately.DesignCross-sectional prospective study.SettingDepartment of Paediatrics, Princess Rahma Teaching Hospital, Jordan.SubjectsHealthy infants and children aged 6–36 months who were seen for primary care.ResultsOut of 203 infants and toddlers included in the study, the anaemia prevalence was 40·4 %. The prevalence of anaemia among infants (n 110) was 51·8 %, whereas it was 26·9 % among toddlers (n 93). No association between vitamin D status and anaemia was found.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is not a risk for anaemia in infants and toddlers.
Empirical evidence of climate's role in Rocky Mountain landscape evolution
Authors: Riihimaki Catherine A. , Reiners Peter W. 
Published: March 2012

Climate may be the dominant factor affecting landscape evolution during the late Cenozoic, but models that connect climate and landscape evolution cannot be tested without precise ages of landforms. Zircon (U‐Th)/He ages of clinker, metamorphosed rock formed by burning of underlying coal seams, provide constraints on the spatial and temporal patterns of Quaternary erosion in the Powder River basin of Wyoming and Montana. The age distribution of 86 sites shows two temporal patterns: (1) a bias toward younger ages because of erosion of older clinker and (2) periodic occurrence of coal fires likely corresponding with particular climatic regimes. Statistical t tests of the ages and spectral analyses of the age probability density function indicate that these episodes of frequent coal fires most likely correspond with times of high eccentricity in Earth's orbit, possibly driven by increased seasonality in the region causing increased erosion rates and coal exhumation. Correlation of ages with interglacial time periods is weaker. The correlations between climate and coal fires improve when only samples greater than 50 km from the front of the Bighorn Range, the site of the nearest alpine glaciation, are compared. Together, these results indicate that the interaction between upstream glaciation and downstream erosion is likely not the dominant control on Quaternary landscape evolution in the Powder River basin, particularly since 0.5 Ma. Instead, incision rates are likely controlled by the response of streams to climate shifts within the basin itself, possibly changes in local precipitation rates or frequency‐magnitude distributions, with no discernable lag time between climate changes and landscape responses. Clinker ages are consistent with numerical models in which stream erosion is driven by fluctuations in stream power on thousand year timescales within the basins, possibly as a result of changing precipitation patterns, and is driven by regional rock uplift on million year timescales.
Quantitative Models for Efficient Cloning of Different Vectors with Various Clone sites
Authors: Zhang Gang , Tandon Anurag 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe developed an efficient "Combinatorial Strategy” for cloning different vectors with various clone sites. 1) Using originally existed clone sites from circular vectors to prepare the inserts, and if no appropriate sites are available, performing SDM to create compatible sites, to achieve maximal correct digestion of the inserts. 2) Different vectors were digested with various restriction endonucleases, and then dephosphorylated with CIP. 3) Top10 competent cells were used for transformation to increase the transformant colonies. Our results showed that, when blunt sites, or a Xba I site was adopted for ligation, the percentages of positive clones were about 50%. Whereas, when different sites, including one blunt and another Pst I sites, Not I and Xho I sites, the percentages of positive clones were nearly 100%. Using this strategy, most vectors could be successfully cloned through “one ligation, one transformation, three to five minipreps."
Evidence from central Mexico supporting the Younger Dryas extraterrestrial impact hypothesis
Authors: Israde-Alcántara Isabel , Bischoff James L. , Domínguez-Vázquez Gabriela , Li Hong-Chun , DeCarli Paul S. , Bunch Ted E. , Wittke James H. , Weaver James C. , Firestone Richard B. , West Allen , Kennett James P. , Mercer Chris , Xie Sujing , Richman Eric K. , Kinzie Charles R. , Wolbach Wendy S. 
Published: March 2012

We report the discovery in Lake Cuitzeo in central Mexico of a black, carbon-rich, lacustrine layer, containing nanodiamonds, microspherules, and other unusual materials that date to the early Younger Dryas and are interpreted to result from an extraterrestrial impact. These proxies were found in a 27-m-long core as part of an interdisciplinary effort to extract a paleoclimate record back through the previous interglacial. Our attention focused early on an anomalous, 10-cm-thick, carbon-rich layer at a depth of 2.8 m that dates to 12.9 ka and coincides with a suite of anomalous coeval environmental and biotic changes independently recognized in other regional lake sequences. Collectively, these changes have produced the most distinctive boundary layer in the late Quaternary record. This layer contains a diverse, abundant assemblage of impact-related markers, including nanodiamonds, carbon spherules, and magnetic spherules with rapid melting/quenching textures, all reaching synchronous peaks immediately beneath a layer containing the largest peak of charcoal in the core. Analyses by multiple methods demonstrate the presence of three allotropes of nanodiamond: n-diamond, i-carbon, and hexagonal nanodiamond (lonsdaleite), in order of estimated relative abundance. This nanodiamond-rich layer is consistent with the Younger Dryas boundary layer found at numerous sites across North America, Greenland, and Western Europe. We have examined multiple hypotheses to account for these observations and find the evidence cannot be explained by any known terrestrial mechanism. It is, however, consistent with the Younger Dryas boundary impact hypothesis postulating a major extraterrestrial impact involving multiple airburst(s) and and/or ground impact(s) at 12.9 ka.
Lipophilic analogs of zoledronate and risedronate inhibit
Plasmodium
geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) and exhibit potent antimalarial activity
Authors: No Joo Hwan , de Macedo Dossin Fernando , Zhang Yonghui , Liu Yi-Liang , Zhu Wei , Feng Xinxin , Yoo Jinyoung Anny , Lee Eunhae , Wang Ke , Hui Raymond , Freitas-Junior Lucio H. , Oldfield Eric 
Published: March 2012

We report the results of an in vitro screening assay targeting the intraerythrocytic form of the malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum
using a library of 560 prenyl-synthase inhibitors. Based on “growth-rescue” and enzyme-inhibition experiments, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) is shown to be a major target for the most potent leads, BPH-703 and BPH-811, lipophilic analogs of the bone-resorption drugs zoledronate and risedronate. We determined the crystal structures of these inhibitors bound to a
Plasmodium
GGPPS finding that their head groups bind to the [Mg
2+
]
3
cluster in the active site in a similar manner to that found with their more hydrophilic parents, whereas their hydrophobic tails occupy a long-hydrophobic tunnel spanning both molecules in the dimer. The results of isothermal-titration-calorimetric experiments show that both lipophilic bisphosphonates bind to GGPPS with, on average, a ΔG of -9 kcal mol
-1
, only 0.5 kcal mol
-1
worse than the parent bisphosphonates, consistent with the observation that conversion to the lipophilic species has only a minor effect on enzyme activity. However, only the lipophilic species are active in cells. We also tested both compounds in mice, finding major decreases in parasitemia and 100% survival. These results are of broad general interest because they indicate that it may be possible to overcome barriers to cell penetration of existing bisphosphonate drugs in this and other systems by simple covalent modification to form lipophilic analogs that retain their enzyme-inhibition activity and are also effective in vitro and in vivo.
A unified framework for non-Brownian suspension flows and soft amorphous solids
Authors: Lerner Edan , Düring Gustavo , Wyart Matthieu 
Published: March 2012

While the rheology of non-Brownian suspensions in the dilute regime is well understood, their behavior in the dense limit remains mystifying. As the packing fraction of particles increases, particle motion becomes more collective, leading to a growing length scale and scaling properties in the rheology as the material approaches the jamming transition. There is no accepted microscopic description of this phenomenon. However, in recent years it has been understood that the elasticity of simple amorphous solids is governed by a critical point, the unjamming transition where the pressure vanishes, and where elastic properties display scaling and a diverging length scale. The correspondence between these two transitions is at present unclear. Here we show that for a simple model of dense flow, which we argue captures the essential physics near the jamming threshold, a formal analogy can be made between the rheology of the flow and the elasticity of simple networks. This analogy leads to a new conceptual framework to relate microscopic structure to rheology. It enables us to define and compute numerically normal modes and a density of states. We find striking similarities between the density of states in flow, and that of amorphous solids near unjamming: both display a plateau above some frequency scale
ω
∗
∼ |
z
c
-
z
|, where
z
is the coordination of the network of particle in contact,
z
c
= 2
D
where
D
is the spatial dimension. However, a spectacular difference appears: the density of states in flow displays a single mode at another frequency scale
ω
min
≪
ω
∗
governing the divergence of the viscosity.
Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods via self-assembled spray pyrolyzed nanoparticles for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Dwivedi Charu , Dutta V 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWell-aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods are fabricated on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates via self-assembly of ZnO nanoparticles created using continuous spray pyrolysis (CoSP) technique. The method involves pre-treatment by dip-coating the substrate with a solution comprising of zinc salt for creating a seed layer, and then spray-pyrolyzed ZnO nanoparticles self-assemble on the pre-treated substrate. The effect of the substrate pre-treatment and the deposition time (tdep) of nanoparticles is investigated. The results show that the substrate pre-treatment influences the growth of ZnO nanorods which are absent without the pre-treatment. Nanoparticle collection and nanorod growth on different substrates are done simultaneously. The thin films of as-grown nanorods are used as photoelectrode materials to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and the effect of nanorods grown for different times has been studied. The best performance with this cell structure is found for the layer withtdep=15 min, which showed a conversion efficiency of 1.77% for the cell area of 0.25 cm2.
CentiLib: comprehensive analysis and exploration of network centralities
Authors: Gräßler Johannes , Koschützki Dirk , Schreiber Falk 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Summary: CentiLib is a library and plug-in for the comprehensive analysis and exploration of network centralities. It provides 17 different node centrality and four graph centrality measures in a user-friendly interface and supports the exploration of analysis results within the networks. Its architecture allows for easy adaption to Java-based network analysis, simulation and visualization tools, which is demonstrated by providing the plug-in for two popular network analysis tools—Cytoscape and Vanted. With the ability to quantitatively analyze biological networks in an interactive and visual manner, CentiLib supports a better understanding of complex biological networks and processes.
Availability and implementation: Software with manual and tutorials is freely available at http://centilib.ipk-gatersleben.de/
Contact: schreibe@ipk-gatersleben.de
Cooperative Function of PLDδ and PLDα1 in Abscisic Acid-Induced Stomatal Closure in Arabidopsis
Authors: Uraji Misugi , Katagiri Takeshi , Okuma Eiji , Ye Wenxiu , Hossain Mohammad Anowar , Masuda Choji , Miura Aya , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Mori Izumi C. , Shinozaki Kazuo , Murata Yoshiyuki 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is involved in responses to abiotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. To investigate the roles of two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PLDs, PLDα1 and PLDδ, in ABA signaling in guard cells, we analyzed ABA responses in guard cells using Arabidopsis wild type, pldα1 and pldδ single mutants, and a pldα1 pldδ double mutant. ABA-induced stomatal closure was suppressed in the pldα1 pldδ double mutant but not in the pld single mutants. The pldα1 and pldδ mutations reduced ABA-induced phosphatidic acid production in epidermal tissues. Expression of either PLDα1 or PLDδ complemented the double mutant stomatal phenotype. ABA-induced stomatal closure in both pldα1 and pldδ single mutants was inhibited by a PLD inhibitor (1-butanol ), suggesting that both PLDα1 and PLDδ function in ABA-induced stomatal closure. During ABA-induced stomatal closure, wild-type guard cells accumulate reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and undergo cytosolic alkalization, but these changes are reduced in guard cells of the pldα1 pldδ double mutant. Inward-rectifying K+ channel currents of guard cells were inhibited by ABA in the wild type but not in the pldα1 pldδ double mutant. ABA inhibited stomatal opening in the wild type and the pldδ mutant but not in the pldα1 mutant. In wild-type rosette leaves, ABA significantly increased PLDδ transcript levels but did not change PLDα1 transcript levels. Furthermore, the pldα1 and pldδ mutations mitigated ABA inhibition of seed germination. These results suggest that PLDα1 and PLDδ cooperate in ABA signaling in guard cells but that their functions do not completely overlap.
Increased incidence of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphomas in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma – a population based study of 335 cases with neuroendocrine skin tumour
Authors: Tadmor Tamar , Liphshitz Irena , Aviv Ariel , Landgren Ola , Barchana Micha , Polliack Aaron 
Published: March 2012

SummaryMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare aggressive skin tumour that appears to be associated with a large number of other tumours. We collected all reported cases in Israel and estimated its association with other tumours, including haematological malignancies. The population based Israel Cancer Registry identified 335 patients with MCC diagnosed between1989 and 2010. Ninety‐seven percent were in the Jewish population; median age at diagnosis for Jewish patients was 73·4 and 55·6 years for the Arab population. Other associated malignancies were encountered in 92 patients (27·4%) with MCC (90 Jews, two Arabs). Of the Jewish cases, 66 presented with an associated malignancy before, and 24 after, the diagnosis of MCC. Solid tumours were not significantly increased among patients with MCC. Thirty‐one of these associated cancers (34·4%) were haemato‐oncological malignancies, 24 were detected before and seven after the diagnosis of MCC. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for haematological malignancy was 3·67 for males and 3·62 for females, and the most frequent haemato‐oncological neoplasias recorded were chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (45%) and lymphomas (29%). Although MCC is rare, clinicians should be aware of the possible association with B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders when evaluating patients with neuroendocrine skin tumours.
How to manage invasive procedures in children with haemophilia
Authors: Ljung Rolf C. R. , Knobe Karin 
Published: March 2012

SummaryInvasive procedures can be performed safely in children with haemophilia due to the availability of factor VIII/IX for patients without inhibitors. Most guidelines are based on the experiences in adults, but still there is no established consensus on the optimal factor levels or duration of replacement therapy for adults undergoing surgery. Few publications have focused on surgery in children with haemophilia. Children who have developed inhibitors to factor VIII/IX have to be treated with bypassing agents and constitute a group at higher risk for bleeding complications during surgery. The aim of this review is to summarize the experiences and opinions in the literature on replacement treatment of children with haemophilia, with and without inhibitors, during and after surgery, with a focus on the most prevalent clinical situations.
Using model‐data fusion to interpret past trends, and quantify uncertainties in future projections, of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling
Authors: Keenan Trevor F. , Davidson Eric , Moffat Antje M. , Munger William , Richardson Andrew D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractUncertainties in model projections of carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems stem from inaccurate parameterization of incorporated processes (endogenous uncertainties) and processes or drivers that are not accounted for by the model (exogenous uncertainties). Here, we assess endogenous and exogenous uncertainties using a model‐data fusion framework benchmarked with an artificial neural network (ANN). We used 18 years of eddy‐covariance carbon flux data from theHarvard forest, where ecosystem carbon uptake has doubled over the measurement period, along with 15 ancillary ecological data sets relative to the carbon cycle. We test the ability of combinations of diverse data to constrain projections of a process‐based carbon cycle model, both against the measured decadal trend and under future long‐term climate change. The use of high‐frequency eddy‐covariance data alone is shown to be insufficient to constrain model projections at the annual or longer time step. Future projections of carbon cycling under climate change in particular are shown to be highly dependent on the data used to constrain the model. Endogenous uncertainties in long‐term model projections of future carbon stocks and fluxes were greatly reduced by the use of aggregated flux budgets in conjunction with ancillary data sets. The data‐informed model, however, poorly reproduced interannual variability in net ecosystem carbon exchange and biomass increments and did not reproduce the long‐term trend. Furthermore, we use the model‐data fusion framework, and theANN, to show that the long‐term doubling of the rate of carbon uptake atHarvard forest cannot be explained by meteorological drivers, and is driven by changes during the growing season. By integrating all available data with the model‐data fusion framework, we show that the observed trend can only be reproduced with temporal changes in model parameters. Together, the results show that exogenous uncertainty dominates uncertainty in future projections from a data‐informed process‐based model.