bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of
Surface Roughness Effects on a Turbine Airfoil in a Linear Cascade— Part I: External Heat
Transfer
Authors: Lorenz M. , Schulz A. , Bauer H.-J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The present experimental study is part of a comprehensive heat transfer analysis on a highly loaded low pressure turbine blade and endwall with varying surface roughness. Whereas a former paper (Lorenz et al., 2009, “An Experimental Study of Airfoil and Endwall Heat Transfer in a Linear Turbine Blade Cascade—Secondary Flow and Surface Roughness Effects,” International Symposium on Heat Transfer in Gas Turbine Systems, Aug. 9–14, Antalya, Turkey) focused on full span heat transfer of a smooth airfoil and surface roughness effects on the endwall, in this work further measurements at the airfoil midspan with different deterministic surface roughness are considered. Part I investigates the external heat transfer enhancement due to rough surfaces, whereas part II focuses on surface roughness effects on aerodynamic losses. A set of different arrays of deterministic roughness is investigated in these experiments, varying the height and eccentricity of the roughness elements, showing the combined influence of roughness height and anisotropy of the rough surfaces on laminar to turbulent transition and the turbulent boundary layer as well as boundary layer separation on the pressure and suction side. It is shown that, besides the known effect of roughness height, eccentricity of roughness plays a major role in the onset of transition and the turbulent heat transfer. The experiments are conducted at several freestream turbulence levels (Tu1=1.4–10.1%) and different Reynolds numbers.
Prospective association between self-reported life satisfaction and mortality: Results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg S3 survey cohort study
Authors: Lacruz Maria E , Emeny Rebecca T , Baumert Jens , Ladwig Karl H 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
To identify factors which determine high life satisfaction (LS) and to analyse the prognostic influence of LS on mortality.

Methods
Data collection was conducted on 2,675 participants, age 25-74 years, as part of the MONICA Augsburg Project 1994-95. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with high LS (measured with one item, 6-level Likert scale, where "high" = very satisfied/most of the time very satisfied with ones personal life). After 12 years mean follow-up, a total of 245 deaths occurred. We calculated age- and sex-adjusted incident mortality rates per 10,000. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
Independent determinants of LS were income, health-perception, and social support, as well as somatisation, anger or depressive symptoms (all p < 0.05). Participants with higher LS (n = 721, 27%) benefited the most with respect to absolute mortality risk reduction (higher LS = 67; mid = 98; low = 140 per 10,000). The sex-stratified analyses indicated an independent association of higher LS and survival for men (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.37 - 0.81) but not for women.

Conclusions
Baseline assessment demonstrated that psychological, social and life-style factors, but not somatic co-morbidities, were relevant determinants of LS. Moreover, the analysis showed that men with higher LS have a substantial long-term survival benefit. The observed association between LS and mortality may be attributed to common underlying causes such as social network integration and/or self-rated health.
Mouse maternal systemic inflammation at the zygote stage causes blunted cytokine responsiveness in lipopolysaccharide-challenged adult offspring
Authors: Williams Charlotte L , Teeling Jessica L , Perry V Hugh , Fleming Tom P 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
The preimplantation embryo is sensitive to culture conditions in vitro and poor maternal diet in vivo. Such environmental perturbations can have long-lasting detrimental consequences for offspring health and physiology. However, early embryo susceptibility to other aspects of maternal health and their potential long-term influence into adulthood is relatively unexplored. In this study, we established an in vivo mouse model of maternal periconceptional systemic inflammation by intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration on the day of zygote formation and investigated the consequences into adulthood.

Results
In the short term, maternal LPS challenge induced a transient and typical maternal sickness response (elevated serum proinflammatory cytokines and hypoactive behaviour). Maternal LPS challenge altered preimplantation embryo morphogenesis and cell lineage allocation, resulting in reduced blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM) cell number and a reduced ICM:trophectoderm cell ratio. In the long term, diverse aspects of offspring physiology were affected by maternal LPS treatment. Whilst birthweight, growth and adult blood pressure were unaltered, reduced activity in an open-field behaviour test, increased fat pad:body weight ratio and increased body mass index were observed in male, but not female, offspring. Most importantly, the maternal LPS challenge caused corticosterone-independent blunting of the serum proinflammatory cytokine response to innate immune challenge in both male and female offspring. The suppressed state of innate immunity in challenged offspring was dose-dependent with respect to the maternal LPS concentration administered.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate for the first time that the preimplantation embryo in vivo is sensitive to maternal systemic inflammation, with effects on blastocyst cell lineage allocation and consequences for behaviour, adiposity and innate immune response in adult offspring. Critically, we identify a novel mechanism mediated through maternal-embryonic interactions that confers plasticity in the development of the innate immune system, which is potentially important in setting postnatal tolerance to environmental pathogens. Our study extends the concept of developmental programming of health and disease to include maternal health at the time of conception.
Colorings of lattices based on subgroup orbits
Authors: Walo Ma. Lailani B. , Felix René P. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
In this paper, orbit colorings of a lattice Λ were considered, extending the idea of obtaining lattice colorings based on cosets of a sublattice. Given a subgroup S of finite index in the symmetry group G of the lattice Λ, if T(S) is the subgroup of translations in G and L is the sublattice of Λ determined by T(S), then a homomorphism f from N = N

G
(T(S)) to the subgroup S

C
of permutations of the cosets of L in Λ is defined. This homomorphism was used to obtain S-orbit colorings of Λ and the corresponding color group H and color fixing group K. Moreover, S ker f ≤ K ≤ H ≤ N.
Periodic Space Partitioners (PSP) and their relations to Crystal Chemistry
Authors: Grin Yuri , Nesper Reinhard 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe are looking back on 30 years development of periodic space partitioners (PSP) and their relations to their periodic relatives,i.e.minimal surfaces (PMS), zero potential surfaces (P0PS), nodal surfaces (PNS), and exponential scale surfaces. Hans-Georg von Schnering and Sten Andersson have pioneered this field especially in terms of applications to crystal chemistry. This review relates the early attempts to approximate periodic minimal surfaces which established a systematic classification of all PSP in terms space group symmetry and consecutive applications in a variety of different fields. A consistent nomenclature is outlined and different methods for deriving PSP are described. Characteristic structure factor sets which solely define PNS by can be used to discriminate structure types of a given symmetry or even to determine complicated crystal structures. The concept of PSP relates space group symmetry, topology, and chemical bonding in an intriguing way and tessellations on PSP which can be generated in a straight forward way allow to predict new framework types. Through transformation of such continuous topological forms a new entry has been found for understanding and interpreting reconstructive phase transitions. Finally we indicate the importance of PSP models for soft matter science.
Biomechanical and Psychosocial Work Exposures and Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Vineyard Workers
Authors: Bernard Christophe , Courouve Laurène , Bouée Stéphane , Adjémian Annie , Chrétien Jean‐Claude , Niedhammer Isabelle 
Published: July 2011

Biomechanical and Psychosocial Work Exposures and Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Vineyard Workers: Christophe Bernard, et al. CCMSA, France—ObjectivesThis study explored the associations between biomechanical and psychosocial work factors and musculoskeletal symptoms in vineyard workers.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was based on a random sample of 2,824 male and 1,123 female vineyard workers in France. Data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire. Neck/shoulder, back and upper and lower extremity symptoms were evaluated using the Nordic questionnaire. Biomechanical exposures included 15 tasks related to vineyard activities. Psychosocial work factors included effort‐reward imbalance and overcommitment, measured using the effort‐reward imbalance model, and low job control and insuficient material means. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis, and the results were adjusted for age, body mass index, educational level, work status and years in vineyard.ResultsPruning‐related factors increased the risk of upper extremity pain for both genders, of back pain for men and of neck/shoulder and lower extremity pain for women. Driving increased the risk of neck/shoulder and back pain among men. Psychosocial work factors, which were insuficient material means, overcommitment (both genders), effort‐reward imbalance (men) and low job control (women), were associated with musculoskeletal symptoms, back and upper extremity pain for both genders and neck/shoulder and lower extremity pain for men.ConclusionsThese results underlined that both biomechanical and psychosocial work factors may play a role in musculoskeletal pain among vineyard workers. Prevention policies focusing on both biomechanical and psychosocial work exposures may be useful to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms.
Le triomphe africain de 46 et l'idéologie césarienne
Authors: Voisin Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2011

The fourfold triumph (over Gaul, Egypt, the Pontus, and Africa) which was celebrated by Cesar during Summer 46 has impressed the collective memory of the Ancients. Particularly, 20 texts emphasize the originality of the african triumph which marks from the three others in four ways. It was decreed even before the beginning of the hostilities. Octave was a party to it when he did not join in the war. Some portraits of roman getting killed generals and memories of citizens dead in Africa appeared in it. At last, an extraordinary pageant came Cesar home on this triumph evening.
Collated with the meaning of the triumph, the politics lead by Cesar, the perception of the suicide by roman society, the african triumph — far be a triumph of civil war — appears as a symbolical political movement. Cesar wants to blot the memories of the past civil war out. He proposes for the present time a peace and reconciliation program. He secures the future by introducing a successor.
Rachats d'entreprise avec endettement (LBO et MBO) : motivations micro-économiques, effets sur l'efficacité des entreprises et risques macro-économiques
Authors: Artus Patrick , Ducos Philippe , Lecointe François 
Published: July 2011

Purchasing Firms with borrowed funds (Leveraged Buyouts and Management Buyouts): Micro-Economic Reasons, Effects on the Efficiency of the Firms and Macro-economic Risks,
by Patrick Artus, Philippe Ducos, François Lecointe.

After having summarized the main features of the LBO/MBO movement in the United States, we analyzed the microeconomic reasons behind such operations, comparing them to those involving the choice of the leverage of a high debt level and those of mergers and acquisitions, similar to the former in many respects. The typical LBO model is based on asymmetry in information and conflicts between managers and shareholders and the resulting loss of efficiency, in particular, as far as the choice of an investment programme is concerned. The microeconomic benefit of LBOs can however be offset by the increase in bankruptcy risk resulting from the increase in the debt level. It is not sure that, on the whole and at the macroeconomic level, LBOs have favourable effects. Lastly this point is examined from an empirical point of view using macroeconomic data for the United States.
Offre de travail et fiscalité : une revue de la littérature
Authors: Blundell Richard 
Published: July 2011

Arbeitsangebot und Steuerpolitik: ein Überblick über die Fachliteratur,
von Richard Blundell.

In diesem Überblick über die Fachliteratur wird die Bedeutung aufgezeigt, die dem Verhalten des Arbeitsangebotes bei der wirtschaf tlichen Bewertung der Steuerreformen zukommt. Anhand der umfassenden Reformen, die in Großbritannien in den achtziger Jahren durchgeführt wurden, läßt sich die Reaktion der verschiedenen Wirtschaftssubjekte analysieren. Das Verhalten der verheirateten Frauen weist die größte Reagibilität gegenüber steuerrechtlichen Veränderungen auf . Daneben gibt es allerdings noch bestimmte andere Gruppen, die sich ebenfalls durch spürbare Schwankungen des Familieneinkommens und beträchtliche marginale Einkommensänderungen auszeichnen. Manche Reformen veranlassen diejenigen, die bereits über eine Beschaftigung verfugen, noch mehr zu arbeiten, während andere einen Anreiz für die Teilnahme am Arbeitsmarkt darstellen.
À propos de la tarification de l'assurance automobile
Authors: Bressand Claude 
Published: July 2011

Die Festlegung der Kraftfahrzeugversicherungstarife,
von Claude Bressand.

Die Kriterien zur Festlegung der Kraftfahrzeugversichemngstarife werden in unterschiedlichen Fällen anhand der Theorie der optimalen Verträge untersucht: Welche Informationen sind verfügbar? Sind sie vollständig? Treten "moral hazard" und "adverse selection" getrennt oder gleichzeitig auf? Die Apriori-Klassifizierung der Versicherten und die erfahmngsmäßige Festlegung der Tarife werden erörtert.
Allocation du capital et chômage technologique d'exclusion
Authors: Blanchet Didier 
Published: July 2011

Allocation du capital et chômage technologique d'exclusion,
par Didier Blanchet.

Cet article examine un effet possible des changements technologiques sur l'emploi : si la maîtrise des nouvelles techniques est inégalement répartie dans la population, et s'il y a concurrence pour l'utilisation d'un capital rare, alors l'emploi des actifs les moins productifs implique un coût d'opportunité qui peut être supérieur à leur production apparente, conduisant à leur rejet du marché du travail. Ce résultat tient aussi bien dans un contexte d'optimisation centralisée que d'équilibre concurrentiel.Il correspond dans ce dernier cas à un phénomène de chômage involontaire, que la flexibilité des salaires ne permet pas d'éviter. On étudie rapidement l' application du modèle à diverses questions: exclusion du marché du travail liée à l' âge, partage du travail, politiques redistributrices compensatrices, débouchés offerts par des emplois alternatifs peu capitalistiques.
La série de dédicaces julio-claudiennes de Ruscino, Château-Roussillon (Perpignan, Pyrénées-Orientales)
Authors: Rosso Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2011

These twenty imperial dedicaces which are consecrated to fifteen members of the Julio-Claudian family at least, may be attributed to three periods: Augustean, Tiberian, perhaps Caligula's reign, according to the remains of inscriptions and colours of marbles used. These groups reflect the evolution of the dynastic propaganda: when Tiberius is reigning, aparticuliar tribute is given to Germanicus' family. The dedicaces went together with portraits-statues of the honoured personnages placed on tall pedestals in the forum of the town. The opistographic inscriptions might show traces of modifications made by the adjunction of new dedicaces. Senator P. Memmius
Regulus whose equestrian statue was in the middle of the forum must have been a very influent person at Ruscino, this fact may explain the presence of such an important collection.
The cognitive structure of Library and Information Science: Analysis of article title words
Authors: Milojević Staša , Sugimoto Cassidy R. , Yan Erjia , Ding Ying 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study comprises a suite of analyses of words in article titles in order to reveal the cognitive structure of Library and Information Science (LIS). The use of title words to elucidate the cognitive structure of LIS has been relatively neglected. The present study addresses this gap by performing (a) co‐word analysis and hierarchical clustering, (b) multidimensional scaling, and (c) determination of trends in usage of terms. The study is based on 10,344 articles published between 1988 and 2007 in 16 LIS journals. Methodologically, novel aspects of this study are: (a) its large scale, (b) removal of non‐specific title words based on the “word concentration” measure (c) identification of the most frequent terms that include both single words and phrases, and (d) presentation of the relative frequencies of terms using “heatmaps”. Conceptually, our analysis reveals that LIS consists of three main branches: the traditionally recognized library‐related and information‐related branches, plus an equally distinct bibliometrics/scientometrics branch. The three branches focus on: libraries, information, and science, respectively. In addition, our study identifies substructures within each branch. We also tentatively identify “information seeking behavior” as a branch that is establishing itself separate from the three main branches. Furthermore, we find that cognitive concepts in LIS evolve continuously, with no stasis since 1992. The most rapid development occurred between 1998 and 2001, influenced by the increased focus on the Internet. The change in the cognitive landscape is found to be driven by the emergence of new information technologies, and the retirement of old ones.
Post‐chemiluminescence determination of chloramphenicol based on luminol–potassium periodate system
Authors: Yang Xiao Feng , Li Nian Bing , Luo Hong Qun 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTA post‐chemiluminescence (PCL) phenomenon was observed when chloramphenicol was injected into a mixture of luminol and potassium periodate after the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of luminol–potassium periodate had finished. The possible reaction mechanism was proposed based on studies of the CL kinetic characteristics, the CL spectra, the fluorescence spectra and the UV‐vis absorption spectra of the related substances. Based on the PCL reaction, a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of chloramphenicol was established. The linear response range was 6.0 × 10−7–1.0 × 10−5 mol/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9986. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 5.0 × 10−6 mol/L chloramphenicol was 2.3% (n = 11). The detection limit was 1.6 × 10−7 mol/L. The method has been applied to the determination of chloramphenicol in pharmaceutical samples with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of multi‐echo–based correlated spectroscopic imaging and pilot findings in human brain and calf muscle
Authors: Verma Gaurav , Lipnick Scott , Ramadan Saadallah , Nagarajan Rajakumar , Thomas M. Albert 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To implement a spatially encoded correlated spectroscopic imaging (COSI) sequence on 3 Tesla (T) MRI/MR spectroscopy scanners incorporating four echoes to collect four phase‐encoded acquisitions per repetition time (TR), and to evaluate the performance and reliability of this four‐dimensional (4D) multi‐echo COSI (ME‐COSI) sequence in brain and calf muscle.Materials and Methods:Typical scan parameters for the 4D datasets were as follows: repetition time = 1500 ms, 2000 Hz bandwidth, 8 × 8 spatial encoding, one average, 64 Δt1 increments and the scan duration was 25 min. The performance and test–retest reliability of ME‐COSI were evaluated with phantoms and in the occipitoparietal brain tissues and calf of six healthy volunteers (mean age = 32 years old).Results:Regional differences in concentrations of lipids, creatine (Cr), choline (Ch), and carnosine (Car) were observed between spectra from voxels located in tibial marrow, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscle. Diagonal and cross‐peak resonances were identified from several brain metabolites including N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA), Ch, Cr, lactate (Lac), aspartate (Asp), glutathione (GSH), and glutamine\glutamate (Glx). Coefficients of variation (CV) in metabolite ratios across repeated measurements were <15% for diagonal and <25% for cross‐peaks observed in vivo.Conclusion:The ME‐COSI sequence reliably acquired spatially resolved 2D Correlated Spectroscopy (COSY) spectra demonstrating the feasibility of differentiating spatial variation of metabolites in different tissues. Multi‐echo acquisition shortens scan duration to clinically feasible times. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship between RGS5 expression and cancer differentiation and metastasis in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Huang Guichun , Song Haizhu , Wang Rui , Han Xiaodong , Chen Longbang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundRegulator of G‐protein signaling 5 (RGS5), a tissue‐specific signal regulating molecular, plays important roles in the development of vasculature. Recently, we have found that the mRNA level of RGS5 was oppositely related with tumor metastasis in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the distribution of RGS5 in NSCLC and its significance need further study. We therefore investigated the expression of RGS5 in NSCLC, as well as its relationship with clinicopathologic parameters.MethodsTumor tissues from 51 NSCLC patients were analyzed and expression of RGS5 in tumor tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry. Chi‐square test (or Fisher's exact test), Breslow test and multivariate Cox regression model were performed for statistical analysis.ResultsRGS5 were highly expressed in 47% (24/51) of NSCLC specimens. Expression of RGS5 was associated with tumor cell differentiation in NSCLC and low expression of RGS5 was strongly associated with cancer vasculature invasion and lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. Patients with high RGS5 expression in NSCLC had a prolonged progression free survival (15.0 months (95%CI: 6.1–23.9) vs. 6.0 months (95%CI: 1.3–10.7), P = 0.030).ConclusionRGS5 might be involved in cancer differentiation and metastasis in NSCLC. And it might be a candidate prognostic marker for PFS in NSCLC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:420–424. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.