bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different mechanisms for persistent and residual left-to-right shunt after transcatheter sinus venosus defect closure and their management
Authors: Sagar Pramod , Sivakumar Kothandam 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Transcatheter closure of superior vena cava (SVC) form of sinus venosus defects (SVDs) using covered stents is emerging as an alternative to surgery in the current decade. A covered stent placed in the cavoatrial junction creates a roof for the right upper pulmonary vein (RUPV) that stops the left-to-right shunt and redirects the vein to the left atrium. While surgical literature has clearly documented the incidence of stenosis of SVC and RUPV, sinus nodal dysfunction, and persistent residual shunts following surgical correction, it is imperative to have similar data after this new transcatheter intervention on the incidence of complications and follow-up outcomes. Since patients with pretricuspid shunts are often clinically asymptomatic, correction is primarily performed to prevent a persistent right heart volume overload and allow remodeling of the heart chambers. Any residual left-to-right shunt after a correction will result in persistent right heart dilatation. Residual flows can result from various mechanisms, including lack of apposition of the covered stent to the free edge of the SVD, fabric breach, and persistent anomalous drainage of additional right-sided pulmonary veins that drain very high in the SVC or can be due to a coexistent defect in the oval fossa. This review analyzes the different mechanisms, explains the transesophageal and angiographic images for each one, and offers solutions tailored for various reasons. Different mechanisms warrant different treatment principles. A solution for residual shunt from one mechanism may not be appropriate for residual flow through another mechanism. A thorough understanding would aid the operator in effective interventions for these SVDs.
Isolation of the left innominate artery: When to operate?
Authors: Parsons Samuel J. H. , Nuttall Harry , Jones Alexander 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
A right aortic arch with an isolated left innominate artery from the pulmonary artery is an exceedingly rare congenital cardiac malformation. We describe the management and complex surgical timing considerations in two such cases, successfully operated on day 4 and 7 months of age, including the use of cranial ultrasound as a helpful tool to guide decision-making. We also describe the first reported association of this defect with a 4q25 deletion encompassing the LEF1 gene.
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of oregano essential oil extract with four other intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis – An in vitro study
Authors: Janani Krishnamachari , Teja Kavalipurapu Venkata , Harini K 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The rationale of endodontic treatment is to eradicate the infection and prevent the microorganisms from infecting or re-infecting the root canal system (RCS). Gram-negative anaerobic rods, Gram-positive anaerobic cocci, Gram-positive anaerobic, and facultative rods are most commonly isolated from the RCS. Herbal compounds can be used as a promising alternative to conventional calcium hydroxide. The current study aimed to compare and evaluate the antimicrobial effect of four different intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis.

Aim:
The objective of the current study is to compare and evaluate the antimicrobial effect of a new herbal intracanal medicament compared with the other four agents against E. faecalis.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 single-rooted teeth were selected, root canal preparation was performed using a standardized protocol, inoculated E. faecalis, which were further divided into five groups each according to intracanal medicaments used. Group 1: Calcium Hydroxide-16 mg/ml of distilled water (n = 20), Group 2: Diclofenac–400 mg/ml of distilled water (n = 20), Group 3: Ibuprofen–400 mg/ml of distilled water (n = 20), Group 4: Omeprazole–2 mg/ml of distilled water (n = 20), and Group 5: Oregano essential oil–25 μg/ml of distilled water (n = 20). The antimicrobial assessment was performed on the 7th day, and dentine samples were collected to determine the number of colony-forming units. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test was performed.

Results:
Group 1 (calcium hydroxide) showed a statistically significant reduction of E. faecalis (P < 0.05), followed by group 5 (Oregano essential oil extract).

Conclusion:
Calcium hydroxide showed a beneficial reduction of E. faecalis when compared to other tested agents.
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide, Himalayan pink salt as an intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Sangade Supriya G , Rudagi Kavitarani , Ahuja Tarun , Joseph Jinet 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Microorganisms play an important role in the etiology of pulp and periapical diseases. For successful endodontic treatment, their control and elimination is important. The microorganisms may remain after root canal preparation intracanal medicament help in reducing remaining microorganism and can provide a favorable environment for periapical tissue repair. The increase in side effects and safety concerns of conventional medicaments has led to the recent popularity of herbal alternative medications.

Aims:
The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide and Himalayan pink salt for the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria in extracted teeth samples.

Materials and Method:
Sixty extracted single-rooted human permanent teeth randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 − Control (n = 15); Group 2 − Ca (OH)2 (n = 15), Group 3 − Himalayan Pink Salt (n = 15), and Group 4 − Ca (OH)2 and Himalayan pink salt (n = 15). The intracanal medicaments were placed in teeth specimen infected with E. faecalis incubated in the anaerobic condition for 37°C. Dentine shavings were collected from the specimens at different time interval at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day and planted on agar plates. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were further be counted.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data were statistically analyzed with the one-way analysis of variance, followed by Scheffe's multiple comparisons means to check the differences in CFU count between the groups (P < 0.05).

Results:
The present study showed that Himalayan pink salt exerted antibacterial activity in combination with calcium hydroxide.
A comparative evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Gold, Dia-X, and ZenFlex nickel–titanium rotary files in the canals with different angles of curvature
Authors: Anantula Kavitha , Vankayala Bhavana 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Gold (PTG, Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties Inc., USA), Dia-X (DX, Diadent Group International, Europe), and ZenFlex (ZF, Kerr Corporation, USA) nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary files in simulated curved canals with two different angles of curvature.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 new NiTi files (n = 20) with triangular cross-section, 21-mm length and size #20 PTG, DX, and ZF were used for cyclic fatigue testing. A stainless steel block having simulated canals with two different angles of curvature (60° and 90°) was used. 10 files for each curvature were used. The number of cycles to fracture and the fracture length of the fragment were recorded. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Post hoc Tukey's test.

Results:
Statistically significant difference was found between all the three groups (P < 0.05). The PTG files showed greater resistance to cyclic fatigue in both the curvature angles of 60° and 90° followed by DX and ZF. In addition, the length of fracture fragment was insignificant in all the three instruments tested (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
The PTG showed greater resistance to cyclic fatigue than DX and ZF instruments in both the apical curvatures.
Family Caregiver’s Attitudes and Preventive Measures toward Home-Quarantine Guidelines for COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Elsawy Manal M. , Abd El Koddous Rehab F. , Mousa Khadraa M. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Home quarantine is an important way to stop the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and one of the key elements to control the transmission of COVID-19 is to decrease the source of infection and transmission to the community.

Aim
To assess the attitudes and preventive measures of the family caregivers toward home-quarantine guidelines for COVID-19-infected patients.

Design
A descriptive-exploratory design was used.

Setting
The study was conducted at Dar El Salam Family Health Center, Cairo Governorate.

Sample
A purposive sample of 140 family caregivers was included.

First tool
Family caregivers’ home quarantine attitude scale that has two parts. Part 1 Demographic data of the family caregivers and part 2: family caregiver’s attitudes. Second tool: Family caregivers’ reported home quarantine preventive measures.

Results
A positive attitude and good reported preventative measure scores were reported by more than two-thirds of family caregivers, whereas a minority had a negative attitude and fair reported preventive measure scores toward home-quarantine guidelines for COVID-19-infected patients. Family caregivers’ attitudes and reported preventative measures were positively correlated. A highly statistically significant positive correlation was found linking total attitude and reported preventative measure scores with the family caregiver’s place of residence, education, and having COVID-19. Total attitudes and reported preventative measure scores had a statistically significant positive correlation with monthly income.

Conclusion
More than two-thirds of family caregivers had positive attitude and good reported preventive measure scores toward home-quarantine guidelines for COVID-19-infected patients.

Recommendation
It is advised that a health education program be developed to encourage positive attitude and maintain safe practices toward home-quarantine guidelines for COVID-19-infected patients and family caregivers to avoid the spread of the infection.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of ectopic pregnancy among pregnant women at El-Galaa Teaching Hospital
Authors: Abdullah Noura M. , Elsayed Yousria A. , AbdElhalim Diaa A. , Abdelmonem Amel S. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a major contributing factor to the burden of maternal mortality and morbidity in the early half of pregnancy. The aim of study was to assess the prevalence of EP in women under study and determine the risk factors of EP in the study sample.

Design
A descriptive exploratory design was adopted in this study.

Sample
A convenience sample of 121 women who were diagnosed with EP were included, whereas those who were diagnosed with intrauterine pregnancies were excluded from the study.

Tool
A structured interviewing questionnaire was used to collect data related to sociodemographic characteristic, medical surgical, and obstetric history.

Results
The prevalence of EP in the current study was 0.52, 0.62, and 0.72% in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. Risk factors of EP were grand multigravidity (55.2%), history of abortion (43.3%), history of pelvic inflammatory diseases (40%), history of abdominal and pelvic surgery (22.60%), history of infertility (19.1%), history of assisted reproductive technology usage (16.5%), failure of intrauterine devices (13.3%), history of previous EP (9.2%), and history of cesarean section deliveries more than three (5.8%) times sequentially.

Conclusion
EP is an increasingly common and potentially catastrophic condition. The prevalence of EP among women who present to emergency with first trimester bleeding or pain or both was matched with the worldwide prevalence. Risk factors of EP were seen in grand multigravida, abortion, and pelvic inflammatory disease, being the most common risk factors of EP.

Recommendations
Early diagnosis of an EP via detailed history, focusing on identification of risk factors for EP, will promote successful medical management, thus reducing surgical intervention and ultimately reducing maternal morbidity/mortality with preservation of future fertility.
Self-concept among school-age children with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Khalil Shaimaa H. , Attia Azza A. , Mahmoud Naglaa F. , Abdelaziz Hanan E. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a major chronic renal problem among children. The psychological aspect is highly important because children with chronic diseases may have low self-concept and a distorted body image.

Aim
The aim was to assess self-concept among school-age children with NS.

Participants and methods
A descriptive exploratory research design was used. The study was conducted at the outpatient nephrology clinic and two Inpatient Medicine Units at Al-Mounira Pediatric, Cairo University Hospital. A purposive sample of 50 school-age children with NS (15 from inpatient and 35 from outpatient clinic) was recruited. A structured interview questionnaire and children’s self-concept scale were used.

Results
More than three-quarters of children aged 8 to less than 10 years had low self-concept. More than half of the children had learning difficulties and behavioral changes, whereas more than one-third had body changes and nearly half had problems with their parents. Regarding total self-concept, nearly three-quarters and more than half of the children had low self-concept regarding total school and family experiences, respectively, whereas less than three-quarters of the children had medium self-concept regarding total experiences with friends. Parenting problems, learning difficulties, and female sex were the major factors affecting children’s total self-concept.

Conclusion
Self-concept regarding total school and family experiences was negatively affected than total friends’ experiences among school-age children with NS.

Recommendations
Psychological interventions should be available for children with NS along different disease stages to enhance their self-concept. Replication on a larger sample and different settings to generalize the results is needed.
Relation between decision-making styles among head nurses and their personality traits
Authors: Zaid Karima A. , Basiony Basiony M. , Adam Shimaa S. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundDecision-making styles differ from one head nurse to another one based on several factors and a variety of personality traits that collaboratively affect the proficiency of the decision.AimThis study aimed to assess the relation between decision-making styles among head nurses and their personality traits.DesignA descriptive correlational research design was used in carrying out the current study.SettingThis study was conducted at nine hospitals affiliated to the Ministry of Health at Beni-Suef governorate and included six central hospitals and three specialty hospitals.PatientsA purposive sample of 137 head nurses was included as a study sample.Data-collection toolsThree tools were used to carry out this study, namely (a) factors affecting decision-making questionnaire, (b) general decision-making style inventory, and (c) personality-trait questionnaire.ResultsThe mean age of the study sample was 35.2±6.8. Majority (90.5%) of the head nurses had a low level of rational style, the highest mean was regarding psychoticism neuroticism trait (21.41±0.86). There was a statistically significant correlation between intuitive decision-making style of head nurses and their neuroticism traits. There was a statistically significant correlation between dependent decision-making style of head nurses and their psychoticism and lie traits.ConclusionThere was a highly statistically significant correlation between spontaneous decision-making style of head nurses and their extraversion and neuroticism traits. Also, there was a highly statistically significant correlation between intuitive decision-making style of head nurses and their psychoticism trait.RecommendationsPeriodic training and evaluation of head nurses on decision-making skills and giving more attention for personality traits of head nurses and their effect on decision-making.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Authors: Hasab Allah Magda F. , Abdelnaem Safaa A. , Mohammed Manar D. , Abdelrahim Amany H. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is one of the most serious infections faced by women today. It is a common problem encountered in post natal, post abortions and family planning clinics.

Aim
To evaluate the effect of educational program on women awareness regarding postabortive preventive measures of PID.

Patients and methods
A quasi-experimental design was used to achieve the aim of the study, which was conducted at the outpatient clinics of Maternal and Child Minia University Hospital.

Sampling
A purposive sample of 100 women was recruited.

Tools
Three tools were used in the current study for data collection: tool 1, structured interviewing questionnaire; tool 2, knowledge assessment tool; and tool 3, self-reported practice assessment tool.

Results
Overall, 85% of women had poor level of knowledge regarding PID and its prevention at preeducational test; this improved at posteducational test to 90% of them having good level of knowledge about PID and its prevention. Moreover, 83% of women had unsatisfactory level of reported practices related to postabortion care at preeducational test; this improved at posteducational test to 88% of them having satisfactory level of reported postabortion care practices. There was a positive association between knowledge scores and reported practice scores of the women at posteducational program.

Conclusion
Application of health education program was significant in enhancing the knowledge and self-reported practices among women in postabortion period regarding preventive measures of PID.

Recommendations
More research studies are needed to increase women’s awareness regarding postabortive preventive measures of PID because there were few research studies in this field.
A nude mutant rat derived from Sprague Dawley-National Institute of Nutrition rat colony with normal thymus
Authors: Motha Satyavani , Patil Pradeep Bhatu , Ramavat Ravindar Naik , Myadara Srinivas , Qadri S. S. Y. H. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
A spontaneous mutant rat with a hairless phenotype and an intact thymus was discovered in a long-standing Sprague Dawley-National Institute of Nutrition (SD/NIN) rat colony at a national animal resource facility.

OBJECTIVE:
We conducted extensive phenotypic and biochemical analyses on this mutant strain to determine its suitability as a preclinical model for immunocompetent testing in noncommunicable disease research.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We subjected the mutant rats to strict and frequent phenotypic and genetic surveillance to accomplish this objective. The animals were assessed for food intake, body weight, blood cell profile, clinical chemistry, adipose tissue deposition, and bone mineral density (BMD) using total electrical body conductance (TOBEC) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analysis.

RESULTS:
Initially, only two hairless mutant rats, a male and a female, were born from a single dam in the SD/NIN rat strain. However, the results indicate that the mutant colony propagated from these unique pups displayed distinct phenotypic features and exhibited differences in feeding behavior, weight gain, and clinical biochemistry. The food conversion rate was significantly higher in nude females (2.8-fold) while 26% lower in nude males. Both sexes of nude rats had significantly higher triglycerides and lower glucose levels in females. However, glucose levels did not change in male nude rats. Furthermore, nude female and male rats had significantly lower fat (TOBEC) and bone mineral content (DXA). Nonetheless, BMD was only slightly lower (7%–8%) compared to the heterozygous groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
These findings indicate that the spontaneous mutant rat has the potential to serve as an immunopotent and modulatory testing system in pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and toxicology, which can be further explored for therapeutic drug discovery.
Evaluation of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in acne vulgaris patients before and after systemic isotretinoin treatment
Authors: Gunaydin Sibel Dogan , Tezcan Ilhan 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Isotretinoin (ISO) is a retinoic acid-derived molecule which is very efficient in the treatment of acne vulgaris (AV). Little is known regarding alterating affects of systemic ISO on immune system.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Thirty-two patients with moderate and severe AV with indications for systemic ISO treatment were recruited. The evaluation of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets was made on treatment initiation and at the end of the therapy by flow cytometry.

RESULTS:
CD16/56+ natural killer (NK) cell levels were higher in patients with severe acne compared to moderate acne (P = 0.009). CD45RA+ (naive) cell levels decreased significantly after systemic ISO treatment; the mean percentage was 66.9 ± 6.5 which decreased to 63.9 ± 7.5 after treatment (P = 0.013). CD19+ cell levels were also significantly increased; mean percentage (%) and absolute cell counts were 8.0 ± 3.1 and 161.3 ± 7.36 cells/μl which increased to 10 ± 2.7 and 227.7 ± 108.7 cells/μl, at the end of treatment, respectively (P = 0.007,P= 0.011).

CONCLUSIONS:
NK cell count may be a parameter related to acne severity. Systemic ISO may have an inhibitory effect on naïve T cells. Finally, systemic ISO seems to stimulate mature B-cell proliferation.
Antitumor effects of polyphenol-rich extract of Euphoria longana seed by vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta signaling inhibition in experimentally induced oral cancer in rats
Authors: Lagariya Labhu , Soni Kinal , Shah Jigna Samir 
Published: May 2024

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:
Oral cancers are found to have high risk in South Central Asia due to exposure of various risk factors. Euphoria longana Lam. (EL) has been traditionally used to relieve insomnia, prevent amnesia, and treat palpitation. In addition, EL has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant activities. The investigation was aimed to evaluate the mechanism of action and antitumor activity of polyphenol-rich EL seeds extract against oral cancer induced by 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Seven groups of Sprague–Dawley rats were formulated: normal animals, oral cancer induced with 4-NQO, EL-treated normal control, EL-treated disease control from 0-day, EL-treated disease control from 60 days, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated disease control from day 60, and combined EL- and 5-FU-treated disease control animals from day 60. The animal tongue was smeared with 0.5% 4-NQO at frequency of thrice a week for 12 weeks to induce oral cancer. At the end of treatment, excised tongues were used for biochemical and tumour-specific parameters along with histopathology assessment.

RESULTS:
Treatment with EL, 5-FU, and combination of both in diseased animals exhibited significant improvement in interleukin-6, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) levels, antioxidant status together with histoarchitecture of the tongue tissue. In addition, the combination of both was slightly more effective than EL and 5-FU alone.

CONCLUSION:
Our data suggest antitumor activity of Euphoria longana Lam. Extract against 4-NQO induced oral cancer in rats, which could be attributed to alteration in the VEGF and TGF-β signaling axis.