bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Commercial Microarray System for Detection of SHV-, TEM-, CTX-M-, and KPC-Type β-Lactamase Genes in Gram-Negative Isolates
Authors: Endimiani Andrea , Hujer Andrea M. , Hujer Kristine M. , Gatta Julian A. , Schriver Andrew C. , Jacobs Michael R. , Rice Louis B. , Bonomo Robert A. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the ability of a commercial microarray system (Check KPC/ESBL; Check-Points Health BV) to detect clinically important class A β-lactamase genes. A total of 106 Gram-negative strains were tested. The following sensitivity and specificity results were recorded, respectively: for
bla
SHV
, 98.8% and 100%; for
bla
TEM
, 100% and 96.4%; and for
bla
CTX-M
and
bla
KPC
, 100% and 100%.
In Vitro
Activity of Anidulafungin and Other Agents against Esophageal Candidiasis-Associated Isolates from a Phase 3 Clinical Trial
Authors: Pfaller M. A. , Hollis R. , Goldstein B. P. , Messer S. , Diekema D. , Henkel T. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

The efficacy of anidulafungin, an echinocandin antifungal agent with potent anti-
Candida
activity, in treating esophageal candidiasis was tested in a double-blind study versus oral fluconazole. Isolates were identified and tested for susceptibility.
Candida albicans
represented >90% of baseline isolates. The MIC
90
of anidulafungin for all strains was 0.06 mg/liter.
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) Production by Pulmonary Natural Killer Cells and the Potential Role of IL-22 during Primary Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Guo Hailong , Topham David J. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTWe set out to test the hypothesis that interleukin-22 (IL-22), a cytokine crucial for epithelial cell homeostasis and recovery from tissue injury, would be protective during influenza virus infection. Recent studies have identified phenotypically and functionally unique intestinal NK cells capable of producing the cytokine IL-22. Unlike gut NK cells that produce IL-22, the surface phenotypes of lung NK cells were similar to those of spleen NK cells and were characteristically mature. With mitogen stimulation, both single and double IL-22- and gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing lung NK cells were detected. However, only the IL-22+IFN-γ−lung NK subset was observed after stimulation with IL-23. IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) blocking dramatically inhibited IL-22 production, but not IFN-γ production. Furthermore, we found that NK1.1+or CD27−lung NK cells were the primary sources of IL-22. After influenza virus infection, lung NK cells were quickly activated to produce both IFN-γ and IL-22 and had increased cytotoxic potential. The level of IL-22 in the lung tissue declined shortly after infection, gradually returning to the baseline after virus clearance, although the IL-22 gene expression was maintained. Furthermore, depletion of NK cells with or without influenza virus infection reduced the protein level of IL-22 in the lung. Anti-IL-22 neutralizationin vivodid not dramatically affect weight loss and survival after virus clearance. Unexpectedly, anti-IL-22-treated mice had reduced virus titers. Our data suggest that during primary respiratory viral infection, IL-22 seems to a play a marginal role for protection, indicating a differential requirement of this cytokine for bacterial and viral infections.
A Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine Vector Provides Protection against Challenge in a Single Dose
Authors: Cobleigh Melissa A. , Buonocore Linda , Uprichard Susan L. , Rose John K. , Robek Michael D. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTAs one of the world's most common infectious diseases, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious worldwide public health problem, with HBV-associated liver disease accounting for more than half a million deaths each year. Although there is an effective prophylactic vaccine currently available to prevent infection, it has a number of characteristics that are suboptimal: multiple doses are needed to induce long-lasting immunity, immunity declines over time, it does not elicit protection in some individuals, and it is not effective therapeutically. We produced a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccine vector expressing the HBV middle envelope surface protein (MS) and found that this vector was able to efficiently generate a strong HBs-specific antibody response following a single immunization in mice. A single immunization with the VSV-MS vector also induced robust CD8 T-cell activation. The CD8 T-cell response was greater in magnitude and broader in specificity than the response generated by a vaccinia virus-based vaccine vector or by recombinant protein immunization. Furthermore, a single VSV-MS immunization provided protection against virus challenge in mice. Given the similar antibody titers and superior T-cell responses elicited from a single immunization, a VSV-based HBV vaccine may have advantages over the current recombinant protein vaccine.
Critical Role of Airway Macrophages in Modulating Disease Severity during Influenza Virus Infection of Mice
Authors: Tate Michelle D. , Pickett Danielle L. , van Rooijen Nico , Brooks Andrew G. , Reading Patrick C. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTAirway macrophages provide a first line of host defense against a range of airborne pathogens, including influenza virus. In this study, we show that influenza viruses differ markedly in their abilities to infect murine macrophagesin vitroand that infection of macrophages is nonproductive and no infectious virus is released. Virus strain BJx109 (H3N2) infected macrophages with high efficiency and was associated with mild disease following intranasal infection of mice. In contrast, virus strain PR8 (H1N1) was poor in its ability to infect macrophages and highly virulent for mice. Depletion of airway macrophages by clodronate-loaded liposomes led to the development of severe viral pneumonia in BJx109-infected mice but did not modulate disease severity in PR8-infected mice. The severe disease observed in macrophage-depleted mice infected with BJx109 was associated with exacerbated virus replication in the airways, leading to severe airway inflammation, pulmonary edema, and vascular leakage, indicative of lung injury. Thymic atrophy, lymphopenia, and dysregulated cytokine and chemokine production were additional systemic manifestations associated with severe disease. Thus, airway macrophages play a critical role in limiting lung injury and associated disease caused by BJx109. Furthermore, the inability of PR8 to infect airway macrophages may be a critical factor contributing to its virulence for mice.
Lethal Dissemination of H5N1 Influenza Virus Is Associated with Dysregulation of Inflammation and Lipoxin Signaling in a Mouse Model of Infection
Authors: Cilloniz Cristian , Pantin-Jackwood Mary J. , Ni Chester , Goodman Alan G. , Peng Xinxia , Proll Sean C. , Carter Victoria S. , Rosenzweig Elizabeth R. , Szretter Kristy J. , Katz Jacqueline M. , Korth Marcus J. , Swayne David E. , Tumpey Terrence M. , Katze Michael G. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT
Periodic outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses and the current H1N1 pandemic highlight the need for a more detailed understanding of influenza virus pathogenesis. To investigate the host transcriptional response induced by pathogenic influenza viruses, we used a functional-genomics approach to compare gene expression profiles in lungs from 129S6/SvEv mice infected with either the fully reconstructed H1N1 1918 pandemic virus (1918) or the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 virus Vietnam/1203/04 (VN/1203). Although the viruses reached similar titers in the lung and caused lethal infections, the mean time of death was 6 days for VN/1203-infected animals and 9 days for mice infected with the 1918 virus. VN/1203-infected animals also exhibited an earlier and more potent inflammatory response. This response included induction of genes encoding components of the inflammasome. VN/1203 was also able to disseminate to multiple organs, including the brain, which correlated with changes in the expression of genes associated with hematological functions and lipoxin biogenesis and signaling. Both viruses elicited expression of type I interferon (IFN)-regulated genes in wild-type mice and to a lesser extent in mice lacking the type I IFN receptor, suggesting alternative or redundant pathways for IFN signaling. Our findings suggest that VN/1203 is more pathogenic in mice as a consequence of several factors, including the early and sustained induction of the inflammatory response, the additive or synergistic effects of upregulated components of the immune response, and inhibition of lipoxin-mediated anti-inflammatory responses, which correlated with the ability of VN/1203 to disseminate to extrapulmonary organs.
Trafficking of UL37 Proteins into Mitochondrion-Associated Membranes during Permissive Human Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Bozidis Petros , Williamson Chad D. , Wong Daniel S. , Colberg-Poley Anamaris M. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL37 proteins traffic sequentially from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the mitochondria. In transiently transfected cells, UL37 proteins traffic into the mitochondrion-associated membranes (MAM), the site of contact between the ER and mitochondria. In HCMV-infected cells, the predominant UL37 exon 1 protein, pUL37x1, trafficked into the ER, the MAM, and the mitochondria. Surprisingly, a component of the MAM calcium signaling junction complex, cytosolic Grp75, was increasingly enriched in heavy MAM from HCMV-infected cells. These studies show the first documented case of a herpesvirus protein, HCMV pUL37x1, trafficking into the MAM during permissive infection and HCMV-induced alteration of the MAM protein composition.
The N Terminus of Adenovirus Type 12 E1A Inhibits Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Expression by Preventing Phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 Ser
276
through Direct Binding
Authors: Jiao Junfang , Guan Hancheng , Lippa Andrew M. , Ricciardi Robert P. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

The immune-escape strategy employed by human oncogenic adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) involves downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) transcription by disabling the transactivator NF-κB (p50/p65). This is accomplished by the Ad12 E1A protein (E1A-12), which prevents NF-κB from becoming phosphorylated by the protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PKAc). In this study, we examined the interactions between E1A-12 and NF-κB. Our data show that an E1A-12 mutant retaining the N-terminal 66 amino acids was as effective as the wild-type E1A-12 protein (266 amino acids) in binding p65, preventing phosphorylation of p65-Ser
276
, and inhibiting transactivation. In contrast, the nontumorigenic adenovirus type 5 E1A protein (E1A-5) and other E1A-12 mutants lacking the N-terminal regions were severely defective in these activities. Further studies revealed that an N-terminal peptide consisting of residues 1 to 40 of E1A-12 was able to associate directly with p65
in vitro
and prevent PKAc from phosphorylating p65-Ser
276
. In the absence of the N terminus, there is an almost complete loss of E1A-12 binding to p65. These findings provide solid evidence for the role of the E1A-12 N terminus as an NF-κB binding domain. Significantly, this study indicates that the E1A-12 N terminus prevents PKAc from gaining access to p65 to account for Ser
276
hypophosphorylation. The E1A-12 N terminus interaction with p65 serves as a key explanation of how Ad12 downregulates MHC-I transcription and contributes to oncogenesis by escaping cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Gliding Motility Revisited: How Do the Myxobacteria Move without Flagella?
Authors: Mauriello Emilia M. F. , Mignot Tâm , Yang Zhaomin , Zusman David R. 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYIn bacteria, motility is important for a wide variety of biological functions such as virulence, fruiting body formation, and biofilm formation. While most bacteria move by using specialized appendages, usually external or periplasmic flagella, some bacteria use other mechanisms for their movements that are less well characterized. These mechanisms do not always exhibit obvious motility structures.Myxococcus xanthusis a motile bacterium that does not produce flagella but glides slowly over solid surfaces. HowM. xanthusmoves has remained a puzzle that has challenged microbiologists for over 50 years. Fortunately, recent advances in the analysis of motility mutants, bioinformatics, and protein localization have revealed likely mechanisms for the twoM. xanthusmotility systems. These results are summarized in this review.
Jasmonate-dependent expression of a galactinol synthase gene is involved in priming of systemic fungal resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Cho Song Mi , Kang Eun Young , Kim Mi Seong , Yoo Seung Jin , Im Yang Ju , Kim Young Cheol , Yang Kwang Yeol , Kim Kil Yong , Kim Kwang Sang , Choi Yong Soo , Cho Baik Ho 
Published: May 2010

Previously, root colonization by the rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, was shown to induce expression of galactinol synthase conferring systemic resistance against a fungal pathogen in cucumber leaves. Here, the Arabidopsis – Botrytis cinerea system is introduced to better understand signal transduction of galactinol and (or) raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) during O6-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR). Among the 10 Arabidopsis galactinol synthase genes, only AtGolS1 was specifically induced upon infection with the fungal pathogen B. cinerea. AtGolS1 was primed by O6 colonization against the pathogen in Arabidopsis leaves. Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants at the AtGolS1 gene site compromised O6-mediated ISR against the pathogen, thereby suggesting that AtGolS1 plays an important role in ISR. O6 colonization increased AtGolS1 transcription as well as ISR in several Arabidopsis signaling mutants, but not in the jar1-1 and coi1 mutant lines. Exogenous jasmonate treatment induced transcription of AtGolS1 in wild-type Col-0 plants, but salicylic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate did not. These studies on signaling mutants and target gene expression indicate that expression of AtGolS1 in response to O6 colonization is mediated through the jasmonate-dependent pathway, stimulating ISR in Arabidopsis against B. cinerea infection.
Tree age and tree species shape positive and negative interactions in a montane meadow
Authors: Haugo Ryan D. , Halpern Charles B. 
Published: May 2010

Few studies have considered how interactions between woody and herbaceous species change in direction or magnitude over time or with traits of the dominant woody species. We used a chronosequence approach to explore these interactions in a montane meadow in which Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. and Abies grandis (Dougl. ex. D. Don) Lindl. have established gradually over a period of >70 years. Effects of individual trees (18–73 years old) were quantified by comparing plant community structure and composition under and adjacent to each tree. Trees generally exerted negative effects on cover and richness of resident meadow species and positive effects on colonizing forest herbs. Despite the average decline of meadow species under the canopy, cover was elevated (compared with adjacent meadow) under 33% of trees — most often under younger Pinus . Cover (but not richness) of meadow species declined with tree age, but the rate and magnitude of this decline did not differ under Pinus or Abies . In contrast, the cover and richness of forest herbs increased steeply with age under Abies, but not under Pinus. Our results illustrate the potential for complex and sometimes unpredictable interactions between woody and herbaceous species. A dynamic view of these relationships is critical for understanding or predicting the consequences of woody plant establishment in grassland and other herb-dominated ecosystems.
Localization of endophyticUndifilumfungi in locoweed seed and influence of environmental parameters on a locoweed in vitro culture system
Authors: Oldrup Erik , McLain-Romero Jennifer , Padilla Anna , Moya Andrew , Gardner Dale , Creamer Rebecca 
Published: May 2010

Endophytic Undifilum oxytropis (Q. Wang, Nagao & Kakish) Pryor, Creamer, Shoemaker, McLain-Romero, & Hambleton found within toxic locoweeds ( Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.) produces the alkaloid swainsonine, which is responsible for locoism in grazing animals. We sought to determine the location of U. oxytropis within locoweed seed, develop endophyte free plants, and assess the influence of environmental stresses on locoweed and endophyte cultures. Undifilum was identified within the parenchyma layers in seeds of Astragalus lentiginosus M.E. Jones using light microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Astragalus lentiginosus and Oxytropis sericea Nutt. seedlings produced in embryo culture without seed coats did not contain swainsonine or fungus. Plants produced from whole seed contained U. oxytropis in both foliage and root tissues. When the in-vitro cultured plants of O. sericea and U. oxytropis cultures were subjected to environmental stresses including high temperature, low and high pH media, nutrient deficient media, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) amended media to simulate water deficit, both dry mass and swainsonine levels were affected. Swainsonine levels were greatest for O. sericea and Undifilum cultures in PEG or hydrochloric acid amended media. Plants grown in PEG-amended media had significantly greater dry mass, while Undifilum grown in PEG-amended media had lower dry mass than other treatments.
NF1 Inactivation in Adult Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Parkin Brian , Ouillette Peter , Wang Yin , Liu Yan , Wright Whitney , Roulston Diane , Purkayastha Anjali , Dressel Amanda , Karp Judith , Bockenstedt Paula , Al-Zoubi Ammar , Talpaz Moshe , Kujawski Lisa , Liu Yang , Shedden Kerby , Shakhan Sajid , Li Cheng , Erba Harry , Malek Sami N. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Purpose: This study was conducted to identify novel genes with importance to the biology of adult acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).
Experimental Design: We analyzed DNA from highly purified AML blasts and paired buccal cells from 95 patients for recurrent genomic microdeletions using ultra-high density Affymetrix single nucleotide polymorphism 6.0 array–based genomic profiling.
Results: Through fine mapping of microdeletions on 17q, we derived a minimal deleted region of ∼0.9-Mb length that harbors 11 known genes; this region includes Neurofibromin 1 (NF1). Sequence analysis of all NF1 coding exons in the 11 AML cases with NF1 copy number changes identified acquired truncating frameshift mutations in two patients. These NF1 mutations were already present in the hematopoetic stem cell compartment. Subsequent expression analysis of NF1 mRNA in the entire AML cohort using fluorescence-activated cell sorting sorted blasts as a source of RNA identified six patients (one with a NF1 mutation) with absent NF1 expression. The NF1 null states were associated with increased Ras-bound GTP, and short hairpin RNA–mediated NF1 suppression in primary AML blasts with wild-type NF1 facilitated colony formation in methylcellulose. Primary AML blasts without functional NF1, unlike blasts with functional NF1, displayed sensitivity to rapamycin-induced apoptosis, thus identifying a dependence on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling for survival. Finally, colony formation in methylcellulose ex vivo of NF1 null CD34+/CD38− cells sorted from AML bone marrow samples was inhibited by low-dose rapamycin.
Conclusions: NF1 null states are present in 7 of 95 (7%) of adult AML and delineate a disease subset that could be preferentially targeted by Ras or mammalian target of rapamycin–directed therapeutics. Clin Cancer Res; 16(16); 4135–47. ©2010 AACR.
Testing the predatory behaviour of Podarcis sicula (Reptilia: Lacertidae) towards aposematic and non-aposematic preys
Authors: Bonacci Teresa , Capula Massimo , Brandmayr Tullia Zetto , Brandmayr Pietro , Aloise Gaetano 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFood preferences and the effects of prey chemical repellents in the dietary behaviour of Podarcis sicula were tested using four species of Carabid beetles as prey models. The goal of the study was to assess (i) the ability of P. sicula to recognize insect preys provided with chemical repellents and aposematic colorations under laboratory conditions, and (ii) the importance of chemical signals used by the prey model as antipredatory strategy. Preys used in this study were Brachinus sclopeta and Anchomenus dorsalis (aposematic species) and Amara anthobia and A. aenea (non-aposematic species). Aposematic species are characterized by warning color pattern and by production of chemical repellents, while non-aposematic ones do not. Amara anthobia and A. aenea were attacked with high frequency by P. sicula, Brachinus sclopeta and Anchomenus dorsalis with low frequency. Non-aposematic species were preyed more often than the aposematic ones. Brachinus sclopeta was preyed after low latency, while Amara anthobia and A. aenea after long latency. Non-aposematic species were captured and eaten without difficulty, while when B. sclopeta or A. dorsalis were captured, lizards always tossed their head and then rub the snout on the soil, probably because of the unpalatability of aposematic preys.
The feeding apparatus of Chelus fimbriatus (Pleurodira; Chelidae) – adaptation perfected?
Authors: Gumpenberger Michaela , Gemel Richard , Lemell Patrick , Snelderwaard Peter , Weisgram Josef , Beisser Christian Josef 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe feeding apparatus of the fringed turtle Chelus fimbriatus (Schneider, 1783) was studied to elucidate the feeding mechanics of an aquatic feeding specialist that has never been investigated in detail before, regarding gross morphology. The skull and hyoid apparatus as well as associated musculature were examined by computer tomography and dissection; the tongue was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The flat skull, the possibility to enormously depress the mandible combined with a cheek-like development, the large, ossified hyoid apparatus, and a well-distensible esophagus enable the turtle to produce an enormous suction force the prey is inhaled with. The jaw adductors are poorly developed in relation to other turtles and thus help keep the skull shape flat; nevertheless, they are able to generate high velocities and exhibit some new performance lines. The hyoid musculature is as well-developed as the hyoid apparatus itself, promoting the high depression velocity that is necessary for good feeding performance. The tongue is nearly reduced and lacks dorsal morphological differentiations. Taking all the morphological features into account, C. fimbriatus is an extremely well-adapted turtle making this species a very interesting object of investigation.