bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY FOR RURAL MAP REVISION
Authors: Mayes M. H. , Smith A. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Ordnance Survey (OS) has recently investigated the potential of orthophotography for revision of 1:2500 scale mapping following advances in technology since an earlier investigation in 1973. The results have been compared with stereoplotting on an automated workstation. The background to the investigation and the existing revision methods used for rural areas are described. Orthophotography was produced on a Zeiss 22 Orthocomp at 1:2500 scale using digital height model data supplied from contours (at a 5 m vertical interval) on 1:10000 scale mapping. A pilot block of 20 km2 was revised at Kingsbridge, south Devon to assess three levels of revision (local fit, part remedial, and full remedial), using three techniques (orthophotograph overlay, Stereo‐orthophoto Plotter and stereoplotting instrument). The quality of the image of the orthophotographs was below that expected for rectified enlargements and the cost of orthophotograph production made the technique uneconomic compared with existing techniques. Orthophotographs were capable of improving the accuracy of revision mapping, but the most cost effective and accurate method was full remedial revision using a Kern PG2 automated workstation.
SOME PHOTOGRAMMETRIC EXPERIMENTS WITH DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Authors: Torleàrrd A. K. I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecent research involving photogrammetry applied to digital image processing at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm is described. Three particular aspects have been investigated. These concern ground control points for satellite imagery; digital matching of simulated SPOT images; and digital matching of images which have different perspectives. Future prospects of research and development in related topics are outlined.
SIMULTANEOUS CALIBRATION OF A PHOTOGRAMMETRIC STEREOPAIR
Authors: Wester‐Ebbinghaus W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractProcedures for the calibration of a stereopair simultaneously with a bundle adjustment are presented. Distances and directions in object space are used as additional observations. The analytical simultaneous calibration of a photogrammetric camera is essential when instrument methods do not determine the precalibrated parameters of interior orientation with sufficient accuracy.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN THE RANGE 300 MM TO 3000 MM: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS IN THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY
Authors: Clayton R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA review is provided of the techniques and applications of very close range photogrammetry to engineering measurements in the electricity supply industry. Starting from a definition of very close range photogrammetry by consideration of depth of field, the techniques of measurement in the range 300 mm to 3 m are discussed with an analysis of four practical examples; two examples relate to the confirmation of continued structural integrity of nuclear reactor components by remote photogrammetric measurement, one uses the technique for measuring creep stress for component life assessment and one uses it for the baseline measurements of insulation coverplates in a nuclear reactor pressure vessel. Emphasis is given to the mathematical modelling of the cameras employed and their subsequent calibration. The development of a universal calibration facility for all cameras working in this range is described.
MEDIUM AND SMALL FORMAT PHOTOGRAPHY FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF NATIONAL MAPPING
Authors: Murray K. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn order to realise the full potential of photogrammetry for national map revision, photographic acquisition lead times and, where possible, costs must be significantly reduced. In this paper a review of alternative platform and camera configurations is made and tests are undertaken utilising simulated data and medium format data taken from an existing project. The results suggest that the medium format camera and helicopter combination may have much to offer while the small format camera and microlight aircraft systems have yet to be developed into an effective data acquisition and map compilation system.
INSTRUMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MODERN MAP REVISION
Authors: Tait D. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn examination of the need for map revision and the methods currently used allows the identification of problems specific to this operation. It is suggested that many instruments, old and new, suitable for new map production do not solve the problems associated with map revision. The main characteristics of instruments designed for map revision in the future are outlined, with the suggestion that the time has now come for instruments to be designed specifically for the map revision task, rather than practitioners having to devise revision procedures to suit existing equipment.
TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING: THE JUBILEE LINE EXTENSION SURVEY
Authors: Stevens D. , McKay W. M. , May M. R. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract Aerial photogrammetry, chosen to overcome access problems during the survey for the London Jubilee Line Extension, needed to achieve 1:200 scale accuracies. This paper discusses the survey methods employed and the effects of using quality procedures in a commercial environment. Résumé On a choisi, pour les levés ďextension de la ligne du Jubilée de Londres, la photogrammétrie aérienne parce qu‘elle permettait de surmonter les problémes ďacces. La précision requise correspondait àľéchelle du 1:200. On examine dans cet article les méthodes de levé utilisées et les répercussions de ľemploi de procédures‐qualité dans un environnement commercial. .Zusammenfassung Die Aerophotogrammetrie, die aus Gründen der Zugänglichkeit während der Vermessung für die Erweiterung der Londoner Jubiläums‐Linie als Vermessungsverfahren ausgewählt wurde, muβte eine Genauig‐keit für den Kartenmaβstab 1:200 gewährleisten. Im Artikel werden die angewandten Meverfahren und die Einflüsse bei Nutzung von Qualitäts‐kontrollen aus der Sicht einer kommerziellen Umgebung diskutiert.
The Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in marine deposits from the Oslofjord area
Authors: FEYLING‐HANSSEN ROLF W. 
Published: July 2010

Feyling‐Hanssen, R. W.: The Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in marine deposits from the Oslofjord area. Boreas, Vol. 1, pp. 241–246. Oslo 1st September, 1972.In marine deposits from the southern Oslofjord area in Norway the boundary between Holocene and Pleistocene is found within a formation characterized by Arctic species, the so‐called Yoldia Clay or zone A in the foraminiferal stratigraphy. The fossil assemblage on the Holocene side of the boundary is even poorer than that on the Pleistocene side, which is explained by the rapid Preboreal ice recession. The boundary is not conspicuously reflected in the faunas but still discernible and applicable.
Early and Middle‐Flandrian pollen zonation in the Eastern Highlands of Scotland
Authors: O'SULLIVAN PATRICK EDWIN 
Published: July 2010

A review is presented of published data on Early and Middle‐Flandrian pollen zones recorded at various sites in the Eastern Highlands of Scotland. This reveals a number of screpancies from site to site, particularly with regard to the position and timing both of the Pine expansion, and the Alnus‐rise. On Deeside, Pine‐Birch forests appear to have been established before the main expansion of Alder, which occurs on Upper Deeside in the period following 6700 B.P. On Speyside, evidence is conflicting, suggesting either that the arrival of Pine and Alder took place almost synchronously about 7000 B.P., or that, as on Deeside, Pine‐Birch forest establishment preceded the main Alnus‐rise, dated at Loch Garten at about 5900 B.P. In addition, the rate of immigration of Pine recorded at silcs of close proximily appears to vary quite markedly.Evidence from two further Speyside diagrams confirms the second view, and also shows that a gradual expansion of Pinus values took place during the period 8000‐6600 B.P., with the Alnus‐risc delayed until 5500 B.P. Discrepancies in the records of Early and Middle‐Flandrian pollen zones from site to site are then explained in terms of differential accumulation rates, and the theory that the phase of expansion of the Pine in the Eastern Highlands took place during a period of low or falling water‐levels.
A radiocarbon‐dated Ancylus transgression site in south‐eastern Finland
Authors: ERONEN MATTI 
Published: July 2010

A previously studied site at Hangassuo in the commune of Anjalankoski, formerly Sippola, in south‐eastern Finland has been re‐examined. The basal layers of the profile contain a clay‐gyttja horzon deposited on peat, indicative of the Ancylus Lake transgression. A date of approx. 9500 B.P. was obtained for the lower peat layer, deposited after isolation of the basin during the Yoldia phase, and a date of 9280 ± 190 B.P. for the lower part of the transgression horizon. The upper part gave a date of 8870 ± 170 B.P. These dates suggest that the beginning of the Ancylus Lake phase and the Ancylus transgression occurred considerably earlier than has previously been suggested in the Late Quaternary chronology for Finland. The appearance of Alnus in the area is also dated. The pollen curve begins at 8360 ± 190 B.P. and the major increase of the species occurs at 7810 ± 180 B.P.The events in the history of the Ancylus Lake and problems connected with these are discussed.
Essai d‘établissement d'une biostratigraphie du nannoplancton calcaire dans le Pleistocéne de I'Atlantique Nord‐oriental
Authors: PUJOS‐LAMY ANNICK 
Published: July 2010

Sediments of two studied Quaternary cores from the north‐eastern Atlantic Ocean were rich in coccoliths. Some species were chosen, and are briefly discussed. In addition to Emiliania huxleyi and Pseudoemilicinia lacunosa, the importance of the Gephyrocapsa genus and especially the smallest forms of the group (G. aperta var. 1 and 2, G. ericsonii, G. protohuxleyi) is shown. A summary of the morphological variations of the coccoliths of G. caribbranica and of Coccolithus doronicoides completes the study.The main qualitative and quantitative variations correspond to twenty stratigraphic events of the last 1,300,000 years. The same floral associations follow in succession in the two cores, which are located in different geographic and climatic areas, so it is possible to use them as a true biostratigraphy of the middle and upper Pleistocene of the north‐eastern Atlantic Ocean.
Facies model for sedimentation in the glaciolacustrine environment
Authors: MAY RONALD W. 
Published: July 2010

Diamictons which have characteristics of both basal tills and lacustrine sedimenis have been called by various authors waterlaid tills, lacuatrotills, subaqueous tills, aqualills, underwater tills, and other terms with the word till replaced by moraine. It is proposed that a more restrictive definition of these terms be applied based on criteria indicative of the environment of deposition.The term lacustrotill is proposed for the till‐like sediments deposited in the lacustrine environment by flow mechanisms. Their clasts are often striated and may exhibit preferred orientation unrelated to glacier movement. Deformation structures suggestive of slumping or flowage during deposition are usually present.The term waterlaid till is proposed for sediments deposited beneath a floating glacier, where the water depth does not allow appreciable size separation during settling: glacial drift dumped in standing water at the snout of a glacier grounded on a lake bottom: or till deposited during re advances (perhaps annually) into a lake basin and subsequently slightly reworked by lacustrine processes.These sediments contain glacially abraded clasts which may even show a weak preferred orientation related to glacial movement; deformation and flow structures will not normally be present: and they may he massive, or exhibit crude stratification.
A late Quaternary bio‐ and climatostratigraphy for marine sediments in the north‐central part of the North Sea
Authors: HARLAND REX , GREGORY DIANE M. , HUGHES MURRAY J. , WILKINSON IAN P. 
Published: July 2010

BOREAS Harland, R., Gregory, Diane M., Hughes, M. J. & Wilkinson, I. P. 1978 06 01: A late Quaternary bio‐ and climatostratigraphy for marine sediments in the north‐central part of the North Sea. Boreas, Vol. 7, pp. 91–96. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.Micropalaeontological studies of three boreholes in the north‐central North Sea have led to the erection of a bio‐ and climatostratigraphy for the area. Palaeoenvironmental interpretations have depended largely upon oceanographic concepts and changes in the micropalaeontological assemblages have been related to postulated alterations in water mass regimes. The biostratigraphy can then be utilized as a climatostratigraphy since such water mass changes are most probably linked to alterations in the circulation of the North Atlantic, and in particular to the positions of the climatically important North Atlantic Current and Polar Front. The North Sea sequences are compared to similar sections in Europe and related to the commonly accepted standard chronostratigraphy.
Holocene (Neoglacial) moraine and proglacial lake chronology, Barnes Ice Cap, Canada
Authors: ANDREWS JOHN T. , BARNETT D. MARTIN 
Published: July 2010

Lichen diameters and radiocarbon dates from the western and southern margins of the Barnes Ice Cap yield a growth curve similar to that from southeastern Baffin Island. As a consequence, the moraine chronology of the northern and western Barnes Ice Cap needs revision, as does the chronology of the large proglacial lakes that existed north of the present Barnes Ice Cap. The revised chronology indicates that moraines were formed along the western margin of the Barnes Ice Cap during the following intervals: (1) less than 100 years ago; (2) 400–500 B.P.; (3) ca. 750 B.P.; (4) ca. 1000 B.P.; (5) ca. 1600 B.P.; (6) ca. 2100 B.P.; and (7) 2800 to 3100 B.P. As the western margin of the Barnes Ice Cap retreated, punctuated by stillstands and readvances, the northern margin of the Barnes Ice Cap lay athwart a series of westerly draining valleys, and a complex of proglacial lakes were dammed between the ice margin and the height of land. This sequence is traced by means of well‐developed shorelines, lacustrine deltas, and spillways; specific lake levels are dated by lichenometry.The Barnes Ice Cap moraine sequence is more complex than other Neoglacial records fringing mountain glaciers in Colorado, Alaska and Lappland. However, the chronology for the western Barnes Ice Cap closely resembles independent moraine chronology of mountain glaciers in Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, and thus indicates that the difference between the Baffin Island climatic record and the general Neoglacial/Holocene climatic record (Denton & Karlén, Quaternary Research 7, 1977) is real. Comparison of specific data from Swedish Lappland and Baffin Island shows substantial agreement. Although Neoglacial records may be globally synchronous, the case for a 2500 year periodicity of glacial fluctuations is not proven: a 300 to 600 year return interval is suggested for the period between 0 and 3000 B.P.
Cores of soft lake sediments
Authors: Wright Herbert E. 
Published: July 2010

Short cores of soft sediment, used in studying the pollution history of lakes, can be obtained with a plastic tube fitted with a piston and piston wire. If the sediments of deep water are annually laminated (and thus difficult to sample without disturbance) or contain excess gas (which can disrupt the stratigraphy during its escape), a short ‘core’ can be acquired by producing a frozen crust on a tube filled with dry ice and butanol.A continuous core of soft lake sediment at least 7 m long can be obtained in a single drive beneath deep water with a hand‐driven piston corer. Such a core assures the complete continuity necessary for counting annual laminations or for making close‐interval analyses without fear of gaps, and it provides the uniform orientation required for measurements of paleomagnetic directions.
The periglacial stratigraphy of East Germany
Authors: SÖDERMAN GUY 
Published: July 2010

Book reviewed in this article:L. Eissmann: Pengladare Prozesse und Permafroststrukturen aus sechs Kalwiten des Quartlrs. Ein Beitrag zur Periglazial‐geologie aus der Sicht des Saale‐Elbe‐Gebietes
Late‐glacial vegetational and climatic history of the Allegheny Plateau and the Till Plains of Ohio and Indiana, U.S.A.
Authors: SHANE LINDA C. K. 
Published: July 2010

Shane, Linda C. K. 1987 03 01: Late‐glacial vegetational and climatic history of the Allegheny Plateau and the Till Plains of Ohio and Indiana, U.S.A. Boreas, Vol. 16, pp. 1–20. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.Pollen evidence from the Allegheny Plateau and the Till Plains south of the Great Lakes shows marked post‐glacial vegetation gradients. C. 15,500–11,000 B.P.: On the Plateau, spruce forest was rapidly established, persisted for 2,000 years, then began a gradual change to deciduous‐conifer forest. On the Till Plains, open spruce forest tundra closed slowly over 1,000 years, declined rapidly c. 13,500 B.P., and a deciduous open woodland developed. C. 11,000–10,300 B.P.: On the Till Plains, a brief cooling is recorded by increases in the abundance of spruce and fir, contemporaneous with the European Younger Dryas. No clear change is seen on the Plateau. 10,300–4,000 B.P.: Warming and/or drying occurred in both areas, as hemlock and jack/red pine trees immigrated, followed by white pine. Conifers disappeared from the Till Plains by 9,800 B.P., but pine and hemlock trees may have persisted on the Plateau. After 10,000 B.P. mixed deciduous forest was established across the entire region. Between 8,000 and 4,000 B.P., further warming/drying is indicated on the Till Plains with development of open oak forest and lake shallowing, and on the Plateau by a minor increase in herbs, lake shallowing, and reduction in pine.
The origin of glacial rafts: detachment, transport, deposition
Authors: RUSZCZYŃSKA‐SZENAJCH HANNA 
Published: July 2010

Ruszczyńska‐Szenajch, Hanna 1987 06 01: The origin of glacial rafts: detachment, transport, deposition. Boreas, Vol. 16, pp. 101–112. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.Characteristics of the processes of detachment and transport of glacial rafts and some aspects of the process of raft deposition are considered for two main genetic groups: (1) glaciotectonic rafts, detached and transported by pure mechanical, i.e. tectonic, action of glacial ice (subdivided into (a) squeezed or pressed‐out, (b) dragged, and (c) pushed rafts) and (2) glacio‐erosional rafts, detached by freezing‐on, transported within the ice, and deposited mostly by a melting‐out process. A third group of rafts, of composite origin, is also briefly discussed and exemplified. Attention is drawn to the fact that quite a number of glacial rafts are known by other names, e.g. some of the very large ones, simply representing squeezed‐up (‘ice thrust’) end moraines, or very minute rafts occurring within tills and often called ‘soft clasts’, ‘substratum lenses’, etc.
A history of vegetation and fire, 6,600 B.P. to present, County Sligo, western Ireland
Authors: DODSON JOHN R. , BRADSHAW RICHARD H. W. 
Published: July 2010

Dodson, John R. & Bradshaw, Richard H. W. 1987 06 01: A history of vegetation and fire, 6,600 B.P. to present, County Sligo, western Ireland. Boreas, Vol. 16, pp. 113–123. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.Two lake sites on metamorphic rocks with small catchments and one mor humus deposit have been analysed to assess the relative influences of fire, man and climate upon the regional and local vegetation of the Lough Gill region of County Sligo. The vegetation of the area was dominated by mixed woodland from 6,600 B.P. to 600 B.P. The first evidence of human impact on the forests was around 5,400 B.P. in the form of clearance for pasture. The intensity of human impact varied between sites, and there were periods of forest recovery as well as decline. From 600 B.P. widespread forest destruction took place, and pasture with heathland became predominant. Pinus sylvestris had a major presence until about 5,400 B.P. It declined from this time and had a patchy distribution by 2,000 B.P. The decline of Pinus was linked with the expansion of treeless peatland in what are presumed to be wet periods, and Pinus recovery in drier periods. Fire may have encouraged the spread of heathland at the expense of Pinus. Arbutus unedo pollen was found at Slish Lake as early as 1,900 B.P., suggesting that it is native to this area. Isolated trees survive today at woodland edges. Charcoal particles occurred in all the profiles. Fire was particularly associated with heathland communities, and may have been used as a management tool to improve grazing conditions. Some of the phases of woodland decline correlate strongly with charcoal input suggesting forest destruction by fire.
Stratigraphy of lake and bog deposits and climatic changes in the late‐glacial and Holocene in the Soviet Baltic Republics: a review
Authors: KABAILIENE MEILUTE , RAUKAS ANTO 
Published: July 2010

Kabailiene, Meilute & Raukas, Anto 1987 06 01: Stratigraphy of lake and bog deposits and climatic changes in the late‐glacial and Holocene in the Soviet Baltic Republics: a review. Boreas, Vol. 16, pp. 125–131. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.The study of lake and bog deposits in the Soviet Baltic countries has long traditions. These areas are the most intensively studied in the U.S.S.R. The thickness of late‐glacial and Holocene sediments reaches up to 38.5 m. The sections are represented most completely in the southern part of the study area, i.e. in Lithuania, whereas in North Estonia the accumulation of lake deposits started in Alleröd and the formation of peat only in pre‐Boreal times. Alleröd deposits differ in their amount of organic remains and are everywhere considered as a reference horizon. In general, the accumulation of lake deposits and inferred climatic changes agree with those in adjoining areas. However, in detail they show important differences. Rather prominent differences are observed not only between North, Central and South Baltic, but also between elevated and lowland areas. Their elucidation requires the compilation of numerous local stratigraphic schemes.
Stratigraphy of Vistulian glaciogenic deposits and corresponding thermoluminescence dates in the lower Vistula region, northern Poland
Authors: DROZDOWSKI EUGENIUSZ , FEDOROWICZ STANISLAW 
Published: July 2010

Drozdowski, Eugeniusz & Fedorowicz, Stanislaw 1987 06 01: Stratigraphy of Vistulian glaciogenic deposits and corresponding thermoluminescence dates in the lower Vistula region, northern Poland. Boreas, Vol. 16, pp. 139–153. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.Recent stratigraphical and sedimentological studies of Vistulian deposits in the lower Vistula region combined with the results of thermoluminescence dating substantiate the tripartite scheme of chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Vistulian glaciogenic sequence presented earlier by Drozdowski. All the thermoluminescence dates provided by till and intertill waterlain sediments refer to two major stadials which, in the light of sedimentological analyses, seem to represent two independent glacial cycles: an older, dated approximately to the period 59,000–51,000 years B.P., and a younger, dated to the period 17,000–15,000 years B.P. The dividing interval, named the Grudziadz Interstadial, was rather cool in nature. The evidence for this interstadial, apart from the significant break in glaciogenic sediment deposition, comprises some infills of subglacial stream trenches cut during the earlier deglaciation, loess‐like silts, fossil sand wedges, and transgressive marine deposits, the latter occurring in restricted areas in the northern part of the region.