bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle matters: Skeletal muscle index and body mass index impact on complications and survival in renal cancer
Authors: Hillers Alexander Hintze , Bach Signe Wang , Saito Atena , Azawi Nessn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to independently assess skeletal muscle index (SMI) and body mass index (BMI) as prognostic determinants for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and investigate their correlation with surgical outcomes.Patients and methodsA retrospective cohort study of 524 RCC patients diagnosed between August 2010 and July 2018 was conducted using data from the Zealand University Hospital Renal Cancer Database in Denmark. Patient information was extracted from electronic patient records and the National Cancer Registry and encompassed demographics, clinical factors, tumour characteristics and surgical details. SMI was calculated from a single third lumbar vertebra (L3) axial computed tomography (CT) image via CoreSlicer software and classified into high using gender‐specific thresholds. Primary outcomes focused on complications within 90 days as well as survival outcomes, and their relation with both SMI and BMI. Multivariable analysis assessed SMI's independent prognostic significance in RCC.ResultsAmong 524 patients, 18.5% experienced complications, with high SMI correlating significantly (p = 0.018) with a 72% higher complication risk. High SMI patients had a 22.7% complication rate compared to 14.5% in the low SMI group. High SMI was also linked to prolonged survival (110.95 vs. 94.87 months; p = 0.001), whereas BMI showed no significant survival differences (p = 0.326). Multivariable analysis (n = 522) revealed high SMI associated with improved survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.738; 95% CI, 0.548–0.994; p = 0.046). Advanced T‐stage significantly impacted mortality (T2: HR = 2.057; T3: HR = 4.361; p < 0.001), and each additional year of age raised mortality risk by 4.3% (HR = 1.043; p < 0.001).ConclusionsHigher SMI increases the risk of postoperative complications, yet it significantly improves overall survival rates. Different BMI categories lack RCC prognostic significance. The increasing incidence in RCC calls for the use of CT scan to assess SMI and aid treatment planning in patients who might benefit from preoperative interventions.
The Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Using Molecular Design in Transition Metal Complexes to Control Catalytic Microenvironments on Electrode Surfaces
Authors: Trowbridge Logan , Sues Peter E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydrogen gas and its production from renewable power sources will be an important part of decreasing global reliance on fossil fuels and developing a sustainable energy economy. Efficient electrocatalysis, however, relies on the delivery of both protons and electrons; ideally in a concerted fashion to avoid high energy intermediates, prevent charge build‐up, and circumvent large kinetic barriers. While this can be achieved using ligand design in homogenous molecular transition metal catalysts (specifically incorporating proton shuttles in the secondary coordination sphere), heterogeneous systems are more desirable from an industrial perspective due to their ease of use and enhanced durability. Supporting transition metal catalysts on electrode surfaces is therefore a promising approach for developing next generation electrocatalysts that retain molecular level control in interfacial environments. This review will first cover key design principles from natural systems, such as hydrogenase enzymes, and then survey some representative examples of synthetic homogeneous hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts that incorporate these important features. We will then discuss transition metal species that have been supported on electrode materials, with a focus on recent advances in the field, and the major challenges that remain.
Assessing screw length impact on bone strain in proximal humerus fracture fixation via surrogate modelling
Authors: Mini Daniela , Reynolds Karen J. , Taylor Mark 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA high failure rate is associated with fracture plates in proximal humerus fractures. The causes of failure remain unclear due to the complexity of the problem including the number and position of the screws, their length and orientation in the space. Finite element (FE) analysis has been used for the analysis of plating of proximal humeral fractures, but due to computational costs is unable to fully explore all potential screw combinations. Surrogate modelling is a viable solution, having the potential to significantly reduce the computational cost whilst requiring a moderate number of training sets. This study aimed to develop adaptive neural network (ANN)‐based surrogate models to predict the strain in the humeral bone as a result of changing the length of the screws. The ANN models were trained using data from FE simulations of a single humerus, and after defining the best training sample size, multiple and single‐output models were developed. The best performing ANN model was used to predict all the possible screw length configurations. The ANN predictions were compared with the FE results of unseen data, showing a good correlation (R2 = 0.99) and low levels of error (RMSE = 0.51%–1.83% strain). The ANN predictions of all possible screw length configurations showed that the screw that provided the medial support was the most influential on the predicted strain. Overall, the ANN‐based surrogate model accurately captured bone strains and has the potential to be used for more complex problems with a larger number of variables.
Solid‐State Reaction of Alkylamines with CO2 in Ambient Air
Authors: Kiani Aida , Rosaria Acocella Maria , Auriemma Finizia , Guerra Gaetano 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper explores possible procedures to accelerate CO2 capture from ambient air by a crystalline alkylamine surfactant (octadecylamine), leading to the corresponding crystalline ammonium‐carbamate. Conversion of the amine to the carbamate, in different conditions, is studied by four different techniques: WAXD, FTIR, TGA, and DSC. The WAXD study also gives relevant information on the crystal structures of both amine and derived carbamate. Kinetics of reactions of the crystalline amine are mainly studied by DSC scans, by evaluating melting enthalpies of residual amine. The kinetics of conversion of the amine in ambient CO2 is strongly accelerated by ball milling with full conversion achieved after only 4 h, while the reaction kinetics of amine powder simply exposed to ambient CO2 is complete only after nearly 103 h. A substantial increase in kinetics of the solid‐state amine reaction with ambient CO2 can be also achieved by increasing the temperature up to 50 °C, i. e. at a temperature slightly lower than amine melting. However, the time for full conversion remains much higher than for room‐temperature ball‐milled amine (roughly 102 h vs 4 h). Hence, suitable ball‐milling procedures can lead to complete and relatively fast conversion of the crystalline amine to the crystalline ammonium‐carbamate, even with ambient CO2.
A novel design methodology for ultrawideband high‐efficiency hybrid extended continuous inverse class‐F power amplifier
Authors: Liu Guohua , Wang Mingyang , Cheng Zhiqun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a design method for designing an ultrawideband and high‐efficiency hybrid extended continuous inverse class‐F power amplifier (PA) based on elliptic low‐pass filtering matching network. This design methodology expands the impedance space by adding free factors to the current equation of traditional inverse class‐F power amplifier (PA). Additionally, an output matching network (OMN) incorporating an elliptical low‐pass filter creates two transmission zeros near the passband and provides a rapid transition to the impedance from passband to stopband. In order to verify the effectiveness and superiority of this design method, an ultrawideband PA working over 0.7–3.7 GHz (136.4%) is designed and fabricated. Over this frequency range, the drain efficiency (DE) is measured as 60.7%–73.4% with the output power of greater than 41 dBm and a large signal gain ranging from 11 to 12.7 dB.
CPHEN‐017: Comprehensive phenotyping of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on peripheral human neutrophils
Authors: Jones Ceridwyn , La Flamme Anne , Larsen Peter , Hally Kathryn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith the recent discovery of their ability to produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), neutrophils are increasingly appreciated as active participants in infection and inflammation. NETs are characterized as large, web‐like networks of DNA and proteins extruded from neutrophils, and there is considerable interest in how these structures drive disease in humans. Advancing research in this field is contingent on developing novel tools for quantifying NETosis. To this end, we have developed a 7‐marker flow cytometry panel for analyzing NETosis on human peripheral neutrophils following in vitro stimulation, and in fresh circulating neutrophils under inflammatory conditions. This panel was optimized on neutrophils isolated from whole blood and analyzed fresh or in vitro stimulated with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) or ionomycin, two known NET‐inducing agonists. Neutrophils were identified as SSChighFSChighCD15+CD66b+. Neutrophils positive for amine residues and 7‐Aminoactinomycin D (7‐AAD), our DNA dye of choice, were deemed necrotic (Zombie‐NIR+7‐AAD+) and were removed from downstream analysis. Exclusion of Zombie‐NIR and positivity for 7‐AAD (Zombie‐NIRdim7‐AAD+) was used here as a marker of neutrophil‐appendant DNA, a key feature of NETs. The presence of two NET‐associated proteins – myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) – were utilized to identify neutrophil‐appendant NET events (SSChighFSChighCD15+CD66b+Zombie NIRdim7‐AAD+MPO+NE+). We also demonstrate that NETotic neutrophils express citrullinated histone H3 (H3cit), are concentration‐dependently induced by in vitro PMA and ionomycin stimulation but are disassembled with DNase treatment, and are present in both chronic and acute inflammation. This 7‐color flow cytometry panel provides a novel tool for examining NETosis in humans.
The effect of internal, external, and holistic focus of attention on standing long jump performance in novice and skilled karatekas
Authors: Noroozi Tooran , Saemi Esmaeel , Doustan Mohammadreza , Singh Harjiv , Aiken Christopher A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn important application for training instructions is found in directing one's attentional focus. This direction can occur in different internal, external, or holistic forms. However, comparison between these three forms of instructions is a relatively recent development rarely reported at different skill levels or various sports including karate. Therefore, the present study attempts to investigate the effects of three forms of instructions on standing long jump performance in skilled and novice karatekas. The participants were 60 skilled and novice karatekas (all females; mean age: 21.32 ± 1.65) who completed 12 standing long jump trials under different focus conditions (3 trials for each condition: internal, external, holistic and control condition) in a counterbalanced order. Our findings suggested significant main effects, indicating that skilled karatekas outperformed the novices. The findings also showed that regardless of skill levels, the participants exhibited similar performance under external and holistic focus conditions while performance in both of these conditions was superior compared to performance under internal focus and control conditions. No difference was observed between the control and internal focus conditions. It seems that skilled and novice karatekas may benefit from holistic and external focus of attention instructions which enhance their motor performance. Thus, it is recommended that coaches should incorporate these two types of attentional focus instructions into their training sessions.
Textile‐based high‐gain bow‐tie antenna using metamaterials for medical applications
Authors: Khajeh‐Khalili Farzad , Shirvani Parisa , Neshati Mohammad H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a high‐gain wearable circularly polarized bow‐tie antenna (WCPBTA) with metamaterial unit‐cells and 5 pins (5Ps) technique for telemedicine applications such as telemonitoring the elderly or the patients especially for emergency conditions of contagious diseases. The frequency range of the proposed antenna is 5.725–5.850 GHz, which belongs to the unlicensed‐national information infrastructure (U‐NII‐3) for the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) sub‐channels. A light‐weight and flexible felt with dielectric constant εr = 3, thickness 1.27 mm, and tan (δ) = 0.0095 is used as the substrate for patient comfort and wearability. The overall dimensions of the proposed antenna are 64 × 62 × 1.27 mm3 or 0.102 λg3 at 5.8 GHz. The maximum simulated gain at 5.8 GHz is 8.25 dB, which is more than 4 dB compared to that of the original bow‐tie antenna. Besides, the axial ratio (AR) and the specific absorption rate (SAR) are also analyzed, which meet the perfect requirement for medical applications. The fabricated prototype of the antenna shows good compatibility between simulation and measurement results. These characteristics make the proposed WCPBTA a good choice for wireless body area networks (WBANs) in telemonitoring applications especially with the aim of preventing the spread of contagious diseases.
Numerical study of enhanced geothermal systems with supercritical CO2 injection considering reservoir changes
Authors: Xiao Xiaochun , Li Wensheng , Gong Peiyushun , Xu Jun , Ding Xin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe injection of supercritical CO2 (ScCO2) into the enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) is a highly intricate thermohydromechanical (THM) coupled process. To improve the realism and accuracy of simulating convective heat transfer characteristics in CO2‐EGS, a coupled model based on discrete fracture network (DFN) theory is established. In this model, the dynamic evolution laws of reservoir porosity and permeability, as well as the nonlinear variations of thermophysical parameters for ScCO2 under the influences of temperature and pressure are considered. The validity of the numerical results was confirmed through a comparative analysis with the analytical solution. The result shows that the ScCO2 can rapidly extracts heat from both the fractures and the adjacent rock matrix. The heat of the rock matrix far away from the fractures cannot be compensated to the fractures immediately, resulting in the high temperature peak effect of the local rock matrix. The injection of ScCO2 can increase the porosity and permeability of reservoir, which is induced by the weakened thermal expansion effect of rock. The alteration of reservoir porosity and permeability also leads to the change of the flow characteristics of ScCO2. Additionally, the thermal parameters of ScCO2 changes with the temperature and pressure conditions of the reservoir. The change of flow rate and heat extraction rate of ScCO2 in EGS is dominated by the decrease of density, specific heat capacity, porosity, permeability, and thermal conductivity.
Effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) seed‐based diet on rats: A comprehensive evaluation of hemogram, biochemistry, and histopathology
Authors: Craine Evan B. , Makav Mustafa , Dağ Serpil , Yıldız Ayfer , Eroğlu Hüseyin Avni , Kuru Buket Boğa , Bektaşoğlu Fikret , Barriball Spencer , Schlautman Brandon , Şakiroğlu Muhammet 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSainfoin species (Onobrychis spp.) have been employed for centuries as an essential forage for ruminant animals, both for grazing and as hay. The seeds produced by sainfoin have also been investigated as an animal feed source and were indicated to be a particularly protein‐rich supplement for monogastric animals. This study explores the effects of two sainfoin seed inclusion rates in rat diets compared to a control diet, focusing on blood biochemical parameters and a comprehensive histopathological evaluation of multiple organ systems. Thus, we provide a novel contribution to the body of evidence investigating sainfoin seeds as a protein supplement in monogastric animal diets. In this 21‐day experiment, seven rats each were assigned to the control group, a 5% sainfoin seed group, and a 10% sainfoin seed group. The control group received standard feed and water; the second group received feed with 5% sainfoin seeds; and the third group received feed with 10% sainfoin seeds. At the experiment's end, necropsies and evaluations were conducted. Histopathological exams revealed normal organ structures in all 21 samples, regardless of the group. Blood analysis showed statistically significant decreases in creatine, ALT, P, Ca, and Mg levels in the sainfoin seed groups compared to the control group, with most values nearing reference levels, suggesting potential benefits. Notably, no adverse effects were observed when sainfoin seeds were included at 5% and 10% in the rat feed. These findings contribute to a growing body of research investigating the inclusion of sainfoin seeds in monogastric animal diets, which is a foundational component of assessing sainfoin's potential as a novel pulse crop for human consumption.
Spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders in neurology outpatient department: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rayamajhi Aadesh , Agrawal Saurav , Acharya Sabin , Karki Susmin , Ojha Rajeev 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsNeurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are a growing global health concern with a rise in prevalence with the aging population, leading to increased healthcare utilization and costs. Understanding its prevalence is crucial for effective diagnostics and resource allocation, especially in developing nations with limited resources. This study aims to explore the frequency and types of NDDs, while also collecting demographic, clinical, and neuro‐radiological data from patients with NDDs attending a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.MethodsThis was a single‐center based cross‐sectional descriptive study conducted at a Neurology outpatient department in a tertiary level hospital in Nepal in which patients aged 18 and above diagnosed with NDDs (May 2023–July 2023) were included. Data were collected and analyzed in SPSS Inc. This study has been presented by the STROBES guidelines.ResultsThe mean age of the 71 patients included in the study was 65.6 ± 13.3 years. Parkinsonian disorder (n = 41, 57.7%) was the most common NDD diagnosed. Patients belonging to the age group 60–79 years represented 62% of all outpatient visits. Tremors of the upper extremity and impairment of memory were the most commonly encountered first symptoms at onset. Predominant cognitive changes in our study were memory impairment and mood changes. Extrapyramidal features such as gait disturbance, resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia were present. More than half of the patients had age‐related cerebral atrophy on neuroimaging followed by chronic small vessel ischemic changes.ConclusionDiagnosing NDDs poses challenges, and our study underscores Parkinsonian disorder, specifically Parkinson's disease, as the prevailing neurodegenerative condition in our population. Emphasizing its prevalence among the elderly, particularly with tremors as the primary presenting symptom, highlights the necessity for targeted interventions in this demographic.
High‐throughput combinatorial approach expedites the synthesis of a lead‐free relaxor ferroelectric system
Authors: Zhang Di , Harmon Katherine J. , Zachman Michael J. , Lu Ping , Kim Doyun , Zhang Zhan , Cucciniello Nicholas , Markland Reid , Ssennyimba Ken William , Zhou Hua , Cao Yue , Brahlek Matthew , Zheng Hao , Schneider Matthew M. , Mazza Alessandro R. , Hughes Zach , Somodi Chase , Freiman Benjamin , Pooley Sarah , Kunwar Sundar , Roy Pinku , Tu Qing , McCabe Rodney J. , Chen Aiping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping novel lead‐free ferroelectric materials is crucial for next‐generation microelectronic technologies that are energy efficient and environment friendly. However, materials discovery and property optimization are typically time‐consuming due to the limited throughput of traditional synthesis methods. In this work, we use a high‐throughput combinatorial synthesis approach to fabricate lead‐free ferroelectric superlattices and solid solutions of (Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BCT) and Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (BZT) phases with continuous variation of composition and layer thickness. High‐resolution x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) demonstrate high film quality and well‐controlled compositional gradients. Ferroelectric and dielectric property measurements identify the “optimal property point” achieved at the composition of 48BZT–52BCT. Displacement vector maps reveal that ferroelectric domain sizes are tunable by varying {BCT–BZT}N superlattice geometry. This high‐throughput synthesis approach can be applied to many other material systems to expedite new materials discovery and properties optimization, allowing for the exploration of a large area of phase space within a single growth.image
Antibody–Antibiotic Conjugates: A Comprehensive Review on Their Therapeutic Potentials Against BacterialInfections
Authors: Darbandi Atieh , Abdi Milad , Dashtbin Shirin , Yaghoubi Sajad , Sholeh Mohammad , Kouhsari Ebrahim , Darbandi Talieh , Ghanavati Roya , Taheri Behrouz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionAntibodies are significant agents in the immune system and have proven to be effective in treating bacterial infections. With the advancement of antibody engineering in recent decades, antibody therapy has evolved widely.AimThis review aimed to investigate a new method as a therapeutic platform for the treatment of bacterial infections and explore the novel features of this method in conferring pathogen specificity to broad‐spectrum antibiotics.Material and MethodsA literature review was conducted addressing the following topics about antibody–antibiotic conjugates (AACs): (1) structure and mechanism of action; (2) clinical effectiveness; (3) advantages and disadvantages.ResultAntibody conjugates are designed to build upon the progress made in the development of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of diseases. Despite the growing emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria worldwide, novel antimicrobials have not been sufficiently expanded to combat the global crisis of antibiotic resistance. A recently developed strategy for the treatment of infectious diseases is the use of AACs, which are specifically activated only in host cells.ConclusionA novel therapeutic AAC employs an antibody to deliver the antibiotic to the bacteria. The AACs can release potent antibacterial components that unconjugated forms may not exhibit with an appropriate therapeutic index. This review highlights how this science has guided the design principles of an impressive AAC and discusses how the AAC model promises to enhance the antibiotic effect against bacterial infections.