bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiogold—A Technique for Measuring Changes in Rate of Ingesta Passage in the Ruminant as Influenced by Diazepam1
Authors: Bris E. J. , Dyer I. A. , Teare I. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA technique is described that measures the rate of ingesta passage through the ruminant by administering radiogold (Au198) orally to bovine and ovine animals and following the time course of excreted Au198. The results indicate that Au198 has a reproducible excretion pattern and is easily measured in the feces of ruminants. Diazepam was administered as a muscle relaxant to reduce the rate of ingesta passage. Comparisons were made in rate of passage between control and diazepam‐fed ruminants indicating the sensitivity of this radiogold tracer procedure.
Effect of Plant Population and Row Spacing on Evapotranspiration and Water‐Use Efficiency by Soybeans1
Authors: Timmons D. R. , Holt R. F. , Thompson R. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDuring 1964 and 1965, Chippewa and Merit soybeans were planted in 20‐, 61‐, and 102‐cm rows at populations attained from seeding rates of approximately 34, 67, and 135 kg/ha. Evapotranspiration from planting to the first killing frost ranged from 32.8 to 38.0 cm and from 42.3 to 46.2 cm for 1964 and 1965, respectively. Neither row spacing nor plant population significantly affected evapotranspiration during the 2 years studied. Generally, highest water‐use efficiencies were obtained for the lower plant populations in 20‐cm rows. Soybeans produced per hectare‐centimeter of water used varied from 55 to 60 kg for 1964 and from 50 to 59 kg for 1965.
Commonly Occurring Errors in Interpretations of Yield Results from Single‐Rate Nutrient Comparisons1
Authors: Terman G. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe use of single‐rate nutrient comparisons and determination of effectiveness based on relative yields or yield increases over no applied nutrient result in ratings which are commonly too high. This arises from the application of such linear response models to curvilinear yield response with increasing amounts of applied nutrient. Yield results obtained only on the flat portion of a complete response curve are usually not meaningful for comparing nutrient sources.
Agro‐Meteorological Environment Affecting Rice Yield1
Authors: Ghildyal B. P. , Jana R. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPot experiments were used to determine optimum water requirements for rice under different meteorological conditions. Maximum yields were obtained in the cool‐dry reproductive season, followed by the hot‐dry and hot‐wet. Soil moisture content less than saturation reduced yields in all seasons.
Milling, Baking, and Chemical Properties of Marquis and Kanred Wheat Grown in Colorado and Stored 35 to 43 Years1
Authors: Fifield Colburn C. , Robertson D. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSamples of ‘Marquis,’ a spring wheat grown under irrigation, and ‘Kanred,’ a winter wheat grown on fallow land without irrigation, were stored in bags in a dry, unheated room at Fort Collins, Colo., for periods up to 43 years. In 1964, all samples failed to germinate after 35 to 43 years storage. Kanred decreased somewhat faster in percentage of germination for the various testing periods than Marquis, when lots harvested in the same years were compared. The grain varied from 10.4 to 11.3% in moisture content during storage. Test weights of the grain were slightly, but, in general, consistently lower in 1964 than in 1938. During this same time flour yield increased for all the wheats. The ash content of the wheats did not change, but the flour ash averaged consistently higher in lots drawn since 1938. A definite and fairly regular increase in fat acidity indicated progressive deterioration. In 1964, gassing‐power determinations on the flour showed increases in 5 of the 8 Marquis samples and in 2 of the 3 Kanred wheats when compared with 1938 tests. Five of the eight long‐time stored Marquis samples and all of the Kanred samples decreased significantly in sedimentation values during the 10‐year period after the first tests were made. Determinations made in 1964 indicate that some thiamine probably was lost during storage under the test conditions. The diastatic activity, as a measure of the maltose content, showed significant3 increases during the 10 years from 1954 to 1964. The quality of the bread from all samples, as judged by loaf volume, was lower than from samples taken in 1938. None of the differences, which are small, seem to be greater than might be expected when tests are made 26 years apart. The breads made in 1964 were not considered to be objectionable for human consumption. Scores for bread grain, texture, and crumb color, however, were lower than in the initial tests. Absorption increased significantly3 in the 1964 tests as compared to the lots drawn in 1938.
Cold Tolerance in Digitaria1
Authors: Oakes A. J. , Langford W. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDigitaria species were established in field plantings in 1964 at Experiment, Georgia, and Gainesville, Florida, in order to observe cold susceptibility. Differential cold tolerance is exhibited by 13 species grown during two winters. Information on the cold tolerance of a few additional clones is presented. Cold tolerance is exhibited among species which have predominantly sterile forms, those propagated both asexually and by seeds, and those reproduced mainly by seeds. Comparative field ratings of winter survival are presented.
Soluble and Structural Components of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and selected Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) Clones1
Authors: O'Donovan P. B. , Barnes R. F. , Plumlee M. P. , Packett L. V. , Mott G. O. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract‘Vernal’ alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and two clones of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), varying markedly in acceptability to lambs, were analyzed for soluble carbohydrates, soluble nitrogen, hexosans, pentosans, and crude lignin. A continuous digestion trial, in which forages were harvested at successive stages of maturity, and an ad libitum grazing trial provided the forage material. Whole plant samples of the top growth were obtained before and after the ad libitum grazing trial, while samples were obtained daily throughout the trial by the use of esophageal‐fistulated lambs.Samples from the continuous digestion trial contained the highest levels of both soluble carbohydrates and soluble nitrogen at the early head stage with no consistent differences noted among forages. Alfalfa samples obtained from esophageal‐fistulated lambs contained significantly more soluble carbohydrates than either of the two reed canarygrass clones, while nonsignificant increases were obtained in the case of whole plant samples. Alfalfa had consistently higher soluble nitrogen levels than the two clones. Only slight differences existed between clones in the soluble constituents determined.Analysis of samples from both trials indicated that alfalfa contained significantly less pentosans than either of the two reed canarygrass clones. Differences among forage treatments in percent hexosans were only apparent in samples before the ad libitum grazing trial. Hexosans, pentosans, and crude lignin of all forages increased with maturity. Significant chemical differences among reed canarygrass clones were not apparent despite the fact that in vivo acceptability differences existed. It is hypothesized that the lower pentosan content of alfalfa, as compared to reed canarygrass, has a favorable effect on in vivo cellulose digestion.
Applicability of Chromogen and Nitrogen as Internal Indicators of Forage Digestibility1
Authors: Davis L. E. , Marten G. C. , Jordan R. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwelve yearling sheep were fed three forages (alfalfa, bromegrass, and reed canarygrass) cut at various stages of maturity in each of two stall digestion trials during two succeeding years. Four techniques were employed to measure apparent digestibility of forage organic matter in stall trials during each of three 6‐day periods in 1964 and 1965. These included the conventional total collection method (control), the chromogen ratio method, the chromogen fecal‐index using the equation of Reid et al. (18), and the nitrogen fecal‐index using the equation of Lancaster (11). The control mediod indicated that alfalfa and reed canary were significantly more digestible than brome during 1964, but that the three forages were not different in digestibility in 1965. The three indicator methods were also used to estimate digestibility of the same forage species under grazing conditions. Measurements of the digestibility of organic matter consumed by esophageal‐fistulated sheep were made during five 9‐day periods of the 1965 grazing season. None of the indicator methods were useful for predicting absolute values. Also, the chromogen methods gave low relative values for alfalfa, while the fecal nitrogen prediction equation of Lancaster (11) gave low relative values for reed canary. The need for verification of published equations or establishment of local fecal‐ index equations was apparent. The chromogen fecal‐index equation of Reid et al. (18) failed to provide accurate measurements under our conditions primarily because the chromogen ratio technique upon which it is based was apparently invalid, due to low recovery in the feces of alfalfa chromogen and high recovery of grass chromogen.
Effect of Iron Nutrition on Root:Top Ratio1
Authors: Wallihan E. F. , Garber M. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) and two species of citrus (C. Aurantium and C. sinensis [Linn.] Osbeck) were grown in nutrient solutions at different levels of iron. Root:top ratios varied inversely as the level of iron nutrition, measured by iron supply and by leaf‐iron concentration.
Vernonia anthelmintica: A Potential Seed Oil Source of Epoxy Acid. II. Effects of Cultural Practices, Seed Maturity, and After‐ripening Conditions on Germination1
Authors: Higgins J. J. , White G. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGermination studies with seed of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd., a potential new oilseed crop source of epoxy acid, were conducted at Glenn Dale, Md., during the period 1963‐1967. The influence of planting and harvesting dates and seed storage conditions on germination was considered. Results show that a post‐harvest period for after‐ripening is required before good germination can be obtained. The length of the period will vary with the season but storage at room or air temperatures for 16 to 18 weeks or longer is suggested before the seed is placed, in cold storage or used for planting purposes. Cold storage of seed was unfavorable to the after‐ripening process since germination proceded more slowly than for seed stored at room temperature. Planting and harvesting dates were of importance primarily as they influenced seed maturity and the period of time from harvest to germination or to subjection of seed to storage conditions. Seed harvested from frost‐killed plants germinated poorly. Seed from early harvests was less mature and required a longer after‐ripening period than seed form later harvests.
Field Evaluation of Corn Root Clumps1
Authors: Thompson D. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCorn root clumps were extracted from the soil with a potato digger and rated for size on a scale from 1 (small) to 5 (large). Root clump ratings were at a maximum approximately 1 month after flowering and subsequently deteriorated .14 rating (approximately 6%) per week. Correlations between ratings and root, stalk, and total lodging were −.59*, −.58*, and −.78**, respectively. Correlations between ratings and root clump weights were .92** or larger. Ratings estimates for pooled additive genetic effects were large. An evaluation advantage was indicated for the tester with a small root clump rating. This root clump method is an efficient and relatively effortless procedure for evaluating corn roots for anchorage and related factors.
Plant Uptake of 14C‐Diuron in Modified Soil
Authors: Nash Ralph G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSoil pH, temperature, organic matter, and clay affected the amount of 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐l,l‐dimethylurea (diuron) and its metabolites in the roots and shoots of 14‐day‐old oat seedlings grown in a modified Lakeland sandy loam soil. An increase in soil pH resulted in greater amounts of diuron in the shoots. To a lesser extent, increased soil organic matter and reduced soil temperature also influenced herbicide content of shoots. In contrast, herbicide content of roots was independent of pH, organic matter, or temperature modifications. The compounds actually measured in the shoots were identified as the parent diuron molecule and the monomethyl derivative 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐l‐methylurea. The identities were confirmed by co‐chromatography with authentic materials in comparison to 14C compounds found in the shoots.
Effect of Fertilizer Treatment and Row Spacing on Yield, Quality and Physiological Response of Safflower1
Authors: Hoag B. K. , Zubriski J. C. , Geiszler G. N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe application of fertilizer significantly advanced safflower growth, and increased plant height, number of heads per plant, weight per hectoliter, and yield.The row spacings tested were 15, 53 and 91 cm. Plants in 15‐cm spaced rows had significantly fewer heads per plant, fewer seeds per head and less weight per 100 seeds than those produced in 53‐ or 91‐cm spaced rows. Also, plants in 15‐cm spaced rows were more advanced at the florescent stage of development and at maturity had a lower test weight per hectoliter, than those produced in 53‐ or 91‐cm spaced rows. The yield of safflower from 15‐ or 53‐cm spaced rows was significantly larger than the yield from 91‐cm spaced rows.Safflower in 15‐cm spaced rows had significantly higher oil content and a lower iodine value than safflower grown in 53‐ or 91‐cm spaced rows.There was a highly significant negative correlation between oil content and seed weight and a highly significant positive correlation between oil iodine value and seed weight.
Effect of Soil Heating on Winter Growth and Appearance of Bermudagrass and St. Augustinegrass1
Authors: McBee George G. , McCune W. E. , Beerwinkle K. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree selections of bermudagrass and common St. Augustinegrass were evaluated for their response to soil warming during the winter period. Ratings obtained for common St. Augustinegrass were generally superior to those obtained for bermudagrass. The response of bermudagrass was variable with more uniform response and acceptable appearance being obtained at the more southernly located experimental sites. Both ‘Tifgreen’ and ‘Gene Tift’ were more responsive than P‐16 bermudagrass (Kansas selection) to soil warming. A more acceptable appearance and better response was obtained when mowing heights were reduced for the bermudagrasses studied.Two types of cable, a commercial polyvinyl heating cable and an uninsulated No. 9 galvanized wire, were satisfactory for use. No differences were noted in grass response to placement of cables at varying depths up to 23 cm (9‐inches) under the experimental conditions. Air sensing thermostats gave better control than soil sensing thermostats.
Rehabilitation of the Pediplain (“gardud”) Soils of the Central Sudan1
Authors: Gerakis P. A. , Tsangarakis C. Z. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSoil management investigations aimed at the reclamation of the truncated Pediplain soils of the Sudan indicated that truncation does not affect markedly the soil's chemical properties, but does cause significant impediment to rainwater infiltration which prevents any commercial cropping. Plowing with disk and chisel plows at 30 to 35 cm increased markedly the yields of sorghum whereas the effect of ridging was variable. Straw mulching apparently improved moisture conservation but decreased sorghum yields due to increased disease incidence.
Influence of Planting Date on Certain Morphological Characteristics of Castorbeans1
Authors: Kittock D. L. , Williams J. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCastorbean (Ricinus communis L.) plants were taken from irrigated and nonirrigated date‐of‐planting tests for 3 years to determine the effect of planting date on plant morphology. Planting date had no effect on plant height, except where drought was a factor. Hypocotyl diameter at harvest was significantly smaller with later planting dates. The number of nodes below the primary raceme, the distance from soil surface to primary raceme, length of primary raceme, and yield of primary raceme were significantly higher on June 13 planting date for three of the four varieties for all years. Morphology of the fourth variety, ‘Cimarron Hybrid’, was not affected greatly by planting date. Morphology of secondary and subsequent racemes was not affected greatly by planting date.
Response of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. to Spacing Arrangement1
Authors: Massey John H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA field study was conducted with Indian ironweed (Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd.) at Experiment, Ga., to determine the effects of row width and within‐row spacing on seed yield, plant height, and basal stem diameter. Row width and within‐row spacing had no effect on seed yield or plant height. Row width had a highly significant effect on stem diameter. Plants grown at 20‐ and 41‐cm within‐row spacing did not differ in stem diameter, but stems of plants grown at 10‐cm within‐row spacing were smaller than those grown at 20‐ and 41‐cm spacing.
Evaluation of Forage Digestibility Prediction Equations Using Chromogen and Nitrogen as Fecal Index Indicators1
Authors: Davis L. E. , Jordan R. M. , Marten G. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRegression analyses in a series of digestion studies involving three forage species of varying maturities fed to sheep revealed significant relationships between the following: 1) feed‐to‐feces ratio and percent nitrogen in the feces (linear and curvilinear); 2) percent DOM in the forage and percent nitrogen in the feces (linear); 3) units of chromogen per gram of forage organic matter and units of chromogen per gram of feces organic matter (curvilinear); and 4) percent DOM of forage and units of chromogen per gram feces organic matter (linear). The standard errors of estimate (SEE) and standard errors of a predicted value (SEY) were quite high for all equations, although often similar to those reported by other workers.The nitrogen fecal‐index method for prediction of feed‐to‐feces ratio on a linear basis afforded a more reasonable estimate of DOM in forage than methods employing fecal chromogen. However, even the validity of this equation (Y = 1.07 + 0.72N, where Y = feed‐to‐feces ratio and N = percent nitrogen of fecal organic matter; SEE of 3.06%) would appear dubious for prediction of relative DOM of forage species, due to its bias against reed canarygrass. The need for local regressions developed for use with specific forage species is indicated.
Effect of Burning Forage production of ‘Coastal’ Bermudagrass at Varying Levels of Fertilization1
Authors: Morris H. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of burning ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) sod during the winter or early spring was determined at three levels of fertilization over a 3‐year period, 1964‐1966. Burning increased forage yields 1,140 kg/ha when a high level of fertilization was utilized. Forage yields were not increased by burning at lower levels of fertilization. The beneficial effect of burning was attained each year at the second clipping (July) and was not a result of earlier forage production.Burning provided more effective early weed control than mowing or herbicide treatments applied April 15. Burning on January 1 was not as effective for weed control as later burning. Burning April 1 provided maximum weed control and left the soil without vegetative cover for a minimum period of time. Soil temperatures on the burned plots averaged 1.7 C higher than those on the unburned plots during April and May. Burning had no significant effect on soil nitrogen content during the 3‐year experimental period.
Competition among Four Sorghum Types as Measured by Silage Yields and other Characteristics1
Authors: Johnson B. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe silage yields of four sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) types were highest when bordered by the short type, and lowest when bordered by the tall type sorghum. Other agronomic characteristics of sorghums were not significantly influenced by border rows.
Excavation and Permanent Mounting of Corn Root Systems1
Authors: Moraghan J. T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPermanent mounting of corn (Zea mays L.) root systems obtained by a pinboard technique can be achieved by placing the root system on a sheet of foamed polystyrene resin and spraying the roots and associated resin with an aerosol polyvinylchloride plastic. The polyvinylchloride forms a protective coating around the roots. The organic solvents present in the aerosol dissolve the surface of the adjacent resin and this, on drying, cements the root systems to the resin sheet.
Influence of Planting Rates and Mowing on Yield and Quality of Crimson Clover Seed1
Authors: Rampton H. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn a 3‐year experiment we studied the effects of difterent planting rates and of early spring mowing on yields and quality of crimson clover seed. High planting rates generally hastened plant development and maturity. In non‐mowed stands, the 5.6 and 9 kg/ha planting rates resulted, in the best seed yields. Mowing generally increased seed yields, germination, and hard seeds, and it decreased 1,000‐seed weight as compared with non‐mowing. Planting at 13.4 kg/ha plus mowing resulted in the most seed. ]Low planting rates may favor seed production because flowering and maturity are later. Effects of mowing conducive to high seed yields are: decreased lodging; delayed flowering and seed maturity until favorable pollinating and harvesting conditions prevail; and reduced bulk of plant material for threshing.
Relationship of Palmer Drought Variables to Yield of Winter Wheat
Authors: Brown Merle J. , Vanderlip R. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMultiple regression models were used to investigate the utility of Palmer drought variables in accounting for winter wheat yield. Yield data at seven western Kansas locations were correlated with monthly Palmer Drought Index and monthly moisture departure values. Yield records for the seven locations ranged from 23 years to 51 years.Point yield data for four of the locations were correlated with weather and drought variables for points and areas for 1932‐1965. Use of the same period‐of‐yield records permitted the variables best correlated with winter wheat yields to be identified. Monthly precipitation, monthly Palmer Drought Index, monthly moisture departure, and estimated monthly subsoil moisture were the variables used.Monthly point moisture departure, d, accounted for more of the variation in point winter wheat yield than did other drought and weather variables used, namely, point and area Palmer Drought Index, point and area estimated subsoil moisture, point and area precipitation, and area moisture departure. Except for point d values, there was little difference in point and area variables in accounting for variations in yield.Monthly point moisture departure seemed to be superior to monthly point precipitation in explaining yield variations. Thus, that variable in lieu of, or in addition to, precipitation should be considered by researchers involved in correlating weather and crop yields.The importance of available moisture at or near seeding time and in late winter and early spring was indicated by the results.