bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological evidence for the effect of prior probability on response preparation
Authors: Scheibe Christina , Schubert Ruth , Sommer Werner , Heekeren Hauke R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe investigated whether prior probability (PP) information modulates preparatory processes at a central premotor level or at a peripheral motor level. We provided parametrically graded probability information during the foreperiod of a precuing paradigm. The Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) and the Lateralized Readiness Potential (LRP) were used as indicators for premotor and motor preparation during the foreperiod, respectively. The CNV amplitude was parametrically modulated by PP. In contrast, the LRP amplitude during the foreperiod differed from baseline only when the precue was reliable. The interval between precue and LRP onset was shortened when probability information was delivered in contrast to noninformative advance information. Furthermore, a source analysis for the foreperiod revealed a dipole in the anterior cingulate cortex. Together, our results suggest that PP modulates preparatory processes at a central premotor level.
Interplay between equilibrium and kinetics in prograde metamorphism of pelites: an example from the Nelson aureole, British Columbia
Authors: PATTISON D. R. M. , TINKHAM D. K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe distribution of metapelitic mineral assemblages in the Nelson aureole, British Columbia, generally conforms to what is predicted from phase equilibria. However, in detail, the sequence and spacing of isograds, mineral textures and mineral compositions and mineral chemical zoning do not. Two of the main disequilibrium features in the aureole are: (i) delay in the onset and progress of several reactions, i.e. overstepping in temperature; and (ii) unreactivity of staurolite and especially garnet porphyroblasts when they are reactants in prograde reactions. The thermal overstepping is ascribed to difficulty of nucleation of the product porphyroblasts and sluggishness of dissolution of porphyroblasts when they are reactants. The extent to which these kinetic barriers delay the onset of reaction is related to the reaction affinity of each reaction, defined herein as the Gibbs free‐energy difference between the thermodynamically stable, but not‐yet‐crystallized, products and the metastable reactants. For oversteps in temperature (ΔT), reaction affinity is, in turn, related to the difference in entropy (ΔS) between these two states through the relation A = ΔT * ΔS. Mineral reactions which release large quantities of H2O, such as chlorite‐consuming reactions, have a higher entropy change per unit of temperature overstep, and therefore a higher reaction affinity, than those which release little or no H2O, such as the chlorite‐free staurolite‐consuming reaction. Thermal overstepping is consequently expected to be less for the former than for the latter, as was estimated in the aureole where 0 to 30 °C overstepping was required for garnet, staurolite and andalusite growth from a muscovite + chlorite‐bearing precursor rock and ∼70 °C overstepping was required for the growth of Al2SiO5 from a staurolite‐bearing, chlorite‐free precursor. In all cases, reaction progress was strongly influenced by the presence or absence of fluid, with presence of fluid lowering kinetic barriers to nucleation and growth and therefore the degree of thermal overstepping. Textural features of rocks from the nearly coincident garnet, staurolite and andalusite isograds are suggestive of a fluid‐catalysed ‘cascade effect’ in which reaction took place in a narrow temperature interval; several competing muscovite + chlorite‐consuming reactions, some metastable, appear to have occurred in parallel. Metamorphic reaction, fluid release and possibly fluid presence in general in the aureole were episodic rather than continuous, and in several cases well removed from equilibrium conditions. The extent to which these findings apply to regional metamorphism depends on several factors, a major one being enhanced deformation, which is expected to lower kinetic barriers to nucleation and growth.
Polymetamorphism, zircon growth and retention of early assemblages through the dynamic evolution of a continental arc in Fiordland, New Zealand
Authors: SCOTT J. M. , PALIN J. M. , COOPER A. F. , FAGERENG Å. , KING R. P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Marguerite Amphibolite and associated rocks in northern Fiordland, New Zealand, contain evidence for retention of Carboniferous metamorphic assemblages through Cretaceous collision of an arc, emplacement of large volumes of mafic magma, high‐P metamorphism and then extensional exhumation. The amphibolite occurs as five dismembered aluminous meta‐gabbroic xenoliths up to 2 km wide that are enclosed within meta‐leucotonalite of the Lake Hankinson Complex. A first metamorphic event (M1) is manifest in the amphibolite as a pervasively lineated pargasite–anorthite–kyanite or corundum ± rutile assemblage, and as diffusion‐zoned garnet in pelitic schist xenoliths within the amphibolite. Thin zones of metasomatically Al‐enriched leucotonalite directly at the margins of each amphibolite xenolith indicate element redistribution during M1 and equilibration at 6.6 ± 0.8 kbar and 618 ± 25 °C. A second phase of recrystallization (M2) formed patchy and static margarite ± kyanite–staurolite–chlorite–plagioclase–epidote assemblages in the amphibolite, pseudomorphs of coronas in gabbronorite, and thin high‐grossular garnet rims in the pelitic schists. Conditions of M2, 8.8 ± 0.6 kbar and 643 ± 27 °C, are recorded from the rims of garnet in the pelitic schists. Cathodoluminescence imaging and simultaneous acquisition of U‐Th‐Pb isotopes and trace elements by depth‐profiling zircon grains from one pelitic schist reveals four stages of growth, two of which are metamorphic. The first metamorphic stage, dated as 340.2 ± 2.2 Ma, is correlated with M1 on the basis that the unusual zircon trace element compositions indicate growth from a metasomatic fluid derived from the surrounding amphibolite during penetrative deformation. A second phase of zircon overgrowth coupled with crosscutting relationships date M2 to between 119 and 117 Ma. The Early Carboniferous event has not previously been recognized in northern Fiordland, whereas the latter event, which has been identified in Early Cretaceous batholiths, their xenoliths, and rocks directly at batholith margins, is here shown to have also affected the country rock. However, the effects of M2 are fragmentary due to limited element mobility, lack of deformation, distance from a heat source and short residence time in the lower crust during peak P and T. It is possible that many parts of the Fiordland continental arc achieved high‐P conditions in the Early Cretaceous but retain earlier metamorphic or igneous assemblages.
Prevalence of Cutaneous Findings in Hospitalized Neonates: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Ferahbas Ayten , Utas Serap , Akcakus Mustafa , Gunes Tamer , Mistik Selcuk 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:  Objective:  To determine the frequency of physiologic and pathologic skin findings in the newborns hospitalized in our Newborn Unit. Methods:  All of newborn infants hospitalized in the Newborn Unit of Erciyes University Medical School Hospital in Central Anatolia, Turkey from February 1 to November 30, 2003, were included prospectively in the study. A questionnaire regarding maternal gestational history, maternal and family history was administered to the parents of each child. All skin lesions were recorded and mapped on a body chart.Results:  Of the 816 newborns, parents of 650 gave informed consent. Only 28 (4.3%) of the infants had no dermatologic examination findings. The most common 10 diagnoses were: xerosis/desquamation 257 (39.5%), sebaceous hyperplasia 207 (31.8%), transient toxic erythema 201 (30.9%), salmon patch 125 (19.2%), Mongolian spot 86 (13.2%), cutis marmorata 69 (10.6%), suction bulla 67 (10.3%), miliaria 55 (8.5%), hypertrichosis 51 (7.8%), and dermatitis (irritant, seborrheic, or diaper) 14 (2.1%).Conclusions:  This study confirms that skin changes in the newborn are common, particularly desquamation, sebaceous hyperplasia, and transient toxic erythema.
A Clinical and EEG Survey on Infantile and Childhood Epilepsy
Authors: VIZIOLI RAFFAELLO 
Published: April 2009

SUMMARYInfantile and childhood epilepsy are an important starting‐point for the physiopathological problems of epilepsy in general.A survey is given of present‐day views on the various epileptic manifestations which may present themselves in these periods of life.RÉSUMÉL'épilepsie infantile et celle de l'enfance sont un point de départ important au point de vue des problemes physiopathologiques de l'épilepsie en général.L'auteur donne un aperçu des opinions actuelles en ce qui concerne différentes manifestations épileptiques susceptibles de se présenter dans ces périodes de la vie.
Non‐Jacksonian Hemiconvulsive Seizures One‐sided Generalized Epilepsy
Authors: GASTAUT H. , ROGER J. , FA1DHERBE J. , OUAHCHI S. , FRANCK G. , CRITICOS A. , ESQUIVEL‐RODON O. , IRRIGOYEN‐ARROYO M. 
Published: April 2009

SUMMARYThe “hemiconvulsive seizures” here described concern all epileptic convulsions – tonic or clonic – interesting only one side of the body. The “Jacksonian epilepsy” is one of the aspects of this type of epilepsy, the others being:

“Hemi grand mal”: typical grand mal seizures, but strictly localized to one side of the body and, electroencephalographically, to the contralateral hemisphere.
“Hemiclonic seizures”: clonic phenomena often beginning with an “oculoclonic crisis”, spreading to the whole ipsilateral half of the body. On the EEG are observed, on the contralateral hemisphere, 2–3 c/s slow waves and 8–10 waves predominating in the posterior region.

The hemiclonic seizures occur in two main groups of epileptics:

Those with neurological, radiological and/or electroencephalographical signs of focalization (among whom are found some with “H.H.E. syndrome”).
Those without any sign of cerebral focalization, but suffering from petit mal or grand mal.

The authors discuss the differences between the two latter types of non‐jacksonian hemiconvulsive seizures (hemi grand mal and hemiclonic seizures) and the “Jacksonian seizures”, both from a pathophysiological and from a therapeutical point of view.RÉSUMÉLes crises hémiconvulsives décrites dans ce travail englobent toutes les convulsions toniques ou cloniques intéressant seulement un côté du corps.L'épilepsie Jacksonienne représente un des aspects de ce type d'épilepsie; les autres aspects décrits par les auteurs sont:

L'hémi grand‐mal: crises présentant toutes les caractéristiques du grand mal, mais strictement localisées cliniquement à un hémicorps et électroencéphalographiquement à l'hémisphère contralatéral.
Les crises hémicloniques: les manifestations cloniques commencent souvent par une “crise oculoclonique” et s‘étendent ensuite à tout l'hémicorps homolatéral. Le tracé EEG montre, sur l'hémisphère controlatéral, des ondes lentes à 2–3 c/s associées à des ondes plus rapides (8–10 c/s) prédominant dans la région postérieure.

Malades où peuvent être mis en évidence des signes de focalisation neurologique, radiologique et/ou électroencéphalographique (un certain nombre de ceux‐ci présen‐tent un syndrome H.H.E.: Hémiconvulsion‐Hémiplégie‐Epilepsie).
Malades chez qui aucun signe de focalisation cérébrale ne peut être relevé, mais sujets à des crises généralisées petit mal ou grand mal.

Les auteurs discutent les différences entre ces deux types de crises hémiconvulsives non Jacksoniennes (hémi grand‐mal et crises hémicloniques) et les crises Jacksoniennes, tant du point de vue physiopathogénique que thérapeutique.
The Methionine Sulfoximine Syndrome in the Cat
Authors: PROLER M. , KELLAWAY P. 
Published: April 2009

SUMMARYMethionine sulfoximine, the toxic principle of the agenized protein diet, produces in the cat a complex syndrome characterized by behavioral and convulsive changes. In a series of 50 cats, the following features were most consistently observed:Sniffing movements, involving the upper lip, nose and lower eyelid, and accompanied by profuse salivation and impairment of consciousness.Episodic behavioral changes consisting of head‐turning, sniffing, and crouching movements strongly suggesting apprehension, orientation and fear.Running fits at the onset of which the animal may appear fearful or hysterical.Generalized tonic‐clonic convulsions.A detailed description of the syndrome is given and the influence of external stimuli and such factors as dosage of toxic agent, age, nutritional status of experimental animal, upon the character, frequency, rapidity of onset, and duration of the various behavioral and convulsive phenomena are discussed.The significance of the sulfoximine syndrome, as regards its biochemical and behavioral similarities to certain types of human epilepsy and its value as an experimental tool i n the investigation of the patho‐physiology of seizures are discussed.RÉUMÉLa méthionine sulfoximine, principe toxique du régime de protéine agénisée, produit chez le chat un syndfrome complexe charactérisé par des changements du comportement et des convulsions. Les caractéristiques suivants ont été constamment observées sur une série de 50 chats:Mouvements de reniflument comprenant la lèvre supérieure, le nez et la paupière inférieure, accompagnés de salivation profuse et d'abaissement de la conscience.Des changements épisodiques du comportement consistant en tournement de la těte, reniflement et mouvements de rampement donnant fortement l'impression de crainte, d'orientation et d'appréhension.Accès de course folle au début desquels l'animal peut sembler très craintif ou hystérique.Convulsions toniques‐cloniques généralisées.L'auteur donne une description détaillée du syndrome et décrit l'influence de stimuli externes et celle de facteurs tels que le dosage d'un agent toxique, de l'a&#x030c;ge et de l'état de nutrition de l'animal d'expérience, sur le caractère, la fréquence et la rapidité du début de la crise, la durée du changement du comportment et des phénomènes convgulsifs.La significatin du syndrome de la sulfoximine fait l'objet d'une discussion en ce qui concerne les similitudes biochimiques et celles du comportement à l'endroit de certains types d'épilepsie humaine ainsi que sa valeur en tant qu'instrument d'expérience dans des recherches sur la pathophysiologie des crises.
Calculation of a Toxic Potential Indicator Via Chinese‐Language Material Safety Data Sheets
Authors: Yen Sheng‐Bou , Chen Jahau Lewis 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThis article presents an approach to evaluating the toxic potential for products or materials using Chinese‐language material safety data sheets (MSDSs). The toxic potential indicator (TPI) is one of many simple methods used to evaluate the environmental impact of toxins in products and materials. According to actual application experience in Taiwan, difficulties and problems arise in the preliminary implementation of TPI values calculated via Chinese‐language MSDSs. Some adjustment techniques combining Chinese vocabulary conversion and unit transformation are proposed in this article to overcome these obstacles. The proposed procedures and evaluated results can serve as a basis for environmentally conscious product design, especially with regard to the choice of materials used in Chinese‐speaking countries.
Pressure Ulcers in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture Across the Continuum of Care
Authors: Baumgarten Mona , Margolis David J. , Orwig Denise L. , Shardell Michelle D. , Hawkes William G. , Langenberg Patricia , Palmer Mary H. , Jones Patricia S. , McArdle Patrick F. , Sterling Robert , Kinosian Bruce P. , Rich Shayna E. , Sowinski Janice , Magaziner Jay 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVES: To identify care settings associated with greater pressure ulcer risk in elderly patients with hip fracture in the postfracture period.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: Nine hospitals that participate in the Baltimore Hip Studies network and 105 postacute facilities to which patients from these hospitals were discharged.PARTICIPANTS: Hip fracture patients aged 65 and older who underwent surgery for hip fracture.MEASUREMENTS: A full‐body skin examination was conducted at baseline (as soon as possible after hospital admission) and repeated on alternating days for 21 days. Patients were deemed to have an acquired pressure ulcer (APU) if they developed one or more new stage 2 or higher pressure ulcers after hospital admission.RESULTS: In 658 study participants, the APU cumulative incidence at 32 days after initial hospital admission was 36.1% (standard error 2.5%). The adjusted APU incidence rate was highest during the initial acute hospital stay (relative risk (RR)=2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.3–3.7) and during re‐admission to the acute hospital (RR=2.2, 95% CI=1.1–4.2). The relative risks in rehabilitation and nursing home settings were 1.4 (95% CI=0.8–2.3) and 1.3 (95% CI=0.8–2.1), respectively.CONCLUSION: Approximately one‐third of hip fracture patients developed an APU during the study period. The rate was highest in the acute setting, a finding that is significant in light of Medicare's policy of not reimbursing hospitals for the treatment of hospital‐APUs. Hip fracture patients constitute an important group to target for pressure ulcer prevention in hospitals.
Low Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Bedridden Geriatric Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Björkman Mikko P. , Sorva Antti J. , Risteli Juha , Tilvis Reijo S. 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVES: To identify the clinical conditions associated with low parathyroid hormone (PTH) in patients with vitamin D deficiency and to evaluate the stability of the blunted PTH response to vitamin D deficiency over 6 months.DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a randomized double‐blind controlled vitamin D supplementation trial.SETTING: Four long‐term care hospitals in Helsinki, Finland.PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred eighteen chronically bedridden patients.MEASUREMENTS: Plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD), intact PTH, amino‐terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), carboxy‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), activities of daily living (ADLs), and body mass index (BMI) were measured at baseline and at 6 months. Patient records were reviewed for demographic data.RESULTS: PTH was within reference values (8–73 ng/L) despite low 25‐OHD level (<50 nmol/L) in 74.8% (n=163) of patients (mean age 84.5±7.5). Patients in the lowest PTH quartile (<38 ng/L) were characterized by a history of hip fractures (OR=2.9, P=0.01), low BMI (OR=0.9, P=.02), and high ICTP (OR=1.1, P=.03). PTH remained within reference values even after 6 months in 76.2% of the patients with persistent vitamin D deficiency in the placebo group.CONCLUSION: The absence of secondary hyperparathyroidism seems to be common and persistent in frail chronically bedridden patients with vitamin D deficiency. Attenuated parathyroid function appears to be associated with immobilization that causes accelerated bone resorption. Further studies addressing the possible adverse effects of low PTH are warranted.
Atrial Electromechanical Sequence and Contraction Synchrony during Single‐ and Multisite Atrial Pacing in Patients with Brady‐Tachycardia Syndrome
Authors: DĄBROWSKA‐KUGACKA ALICJA , LEWICKA‐NOWAK EWA , RUCIŃSKI PIOTR , ZAGOŻDŻON PAWEŁ , RACZAK GRZEGORZ , KUTARSKI ANDRZEJ 
Published: April 2009

Objectives: Investigation of which atrial pacing modality provides atrial synchrony and the most physiological atrial contraction pattern in patients with brady‐tachycardia syndrome.
Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects and 57 patients with sinus node dysfunction, atrial fibrillation recurrences, and prolonged P‐wave on the electrocardiogram treated with multisite atrial (MSA) pacing were studied. One atrial lead was implanted in the coronary sinus (CS) ostium area, the other at the right atrial appendage (RAA): RAA+CS group (28 patients), or Bachmann's bundle (BB) region: BB+CS group (29). Sinus rhythm (SR) and CS, RAA, BB, RAA+CS, and BB+CS pacing modalities were evaluated. Electromechanical delay (EMD) in atrial walls was assessed by tissue Doppler echocardiography. Interatrial (ΔinterA), intra‐right (ΔRA), and intra‐left (ΔLA) atrial dyssynchrony were calculated.
Results: During SR, in the study group versus controls, important ΔinterA: 55 ± 23 versus 22 ± 11 ms (P < 0.01) and ΔLA: 47 ± 21 versus 21 ± 6 ms (P < 0.001) were present. Single‐site BB and both MSA pacing modes restored ΔinterA and ΔLA (ΔinterA: 24 ± 16, 20 ± 13 and 14 ± 9 ms, ΔLA: 28 ± 18, 28 ± 13 and 20 ± 10 ms during BB, RAA+CS and BB+CS pacing, respectively). CS pacing prolonged lateral RA EMD, while RAA pacing LA walls EMD, which resulted in ΔinterA persistence. CS pacing induced ΔRA (50 ± 23 vs 16 ± 8 ms, P < 0.0001 vs controls). Atrial contraction sequence during BB pacing resembled that observed in controls.
Conclusions: (1) Single‐site BB and both MSA pacing modes restored atrial synchrony. (2) Single‐site RAA and CS ostium pacing retained interatrial dyssynchrony; moreover, CS pacing created RA dyssynchrony. (3) Single‐site BB pacing provided physiological atrial contraction sequence.
Gender Differences in Anxiety and Concerns about the Cardioverter Defibrillator
Authors: SPINDLER HELLE , JOHANSEN JENS B. , ANDERSEN KIRSTEN , MORTENSEN PETER , PEDERSEN SUSANNE S. 
Published: April 2009

Background: Little is known about gender differences in the response to implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy. We compared female and male ICD patients on anxiety, depression, health‐related quality of life (HRQL), ICD concerns, and ICD acceptance.
Methods: A cohort of consecutive, surviving patients (n = 535; mean age = 61.5 ± 14.4, 81.9% male) implanted with an ICD between 1989 and 2006 completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36), the ICD concerns questionnaire, and the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey.
Results: High levels of anxiety (52% vs 34%, P < 0.001) and ICD concerns (34% vs 16%, P = 0.001) were more prevalent in women than men, whereas no significant differences were found on depression and device acceptance (Ps > 0.05). Women were more anxious (odds ratio [OR]: 2.60 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46–4.64], P < 0.01) and had more ICD concerns (OR: 1.81 [95% CI: 1.09–3.00], P < 0.05) than men, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. Those ICD patients experiencing shocks were also more anxious (OR: 2.02 [95% CI: 1.20–3.42], P < 0.01) and had higher levels of ICD concerns (OR: 2.70 [95% CI: 1.76–4.16], P < 0.01). In multivariable analysis of variance, significant gender differences were found for only three of the eight subscales of the SF‐36 (the physical social functioning and the mental health subscale), with women reporting poorer HRQL on all three subscales.
Conclusions: Women were more prone to experience anxiety and ICD concerns compared to men regardless of whether they had experienced shocks. In clinical practice, female ICD patients should be closely monitored, and if warranted offered psychosocial intervention, as increased anxiety has been shown to precipitate arrhythmic events in defibrillator patients.