bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus antibody status at 17–18 weeks of gestation and pre‐eclampsia: a case–control study of pregnant women in Norway
Authors: Strand KM , Odland ML , Iversen A‐C , Nordbø SA , Vik T , Austgulen R 
Published: July 2012

Please cite this paper as: Strand K, Odland M, Iversen A, Nordbø S, Vik T, Austgulen R. Cytomegalovirus antibody status at 17–18 weeks of gestation and pre‐eclampsia: a case–control study of pregnant women in Norway. BJOG 2012;119:1316–1323.Objective  To assess the association between maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies in mid‐pregnancy and pre‐eclampsia.Design  Nested case–control study.Setting  Pregnancies registered in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa): a large population‐based pregnancy cohort (1999–2006).Sample  A cohort of 1500 women with pre‐eclampsia and 1000 healthy pregnant women.Methods  Plasma samples and pregnancy‐related information were provided by the MoBa. Antibody status (CMV IgG and CMV IgM) and levels (CMV IgG) at 17–18 weeks of gestation were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Main outcome measure  A diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia, as defined in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.Results  There was no evidence of an effect of CMV IgG seropositivity on the likelihood of developing pre‐eclampsia, and CMV IgG antibody levels among women who were seropositive did not differ between groups. Adjusted for maternal age, parity and smoking, the odds ratio for pre‐eclampsia in women seropositive for CMV IgG was 0.89 (95% CI 0.74–1.05; P = 0.17). The proportions of women who were seropositive for IgM did not differ between women with pre‐eclampsia and women who were healthy (P = 0.98). Among nulliparous women, the proportion of women who were seropositive for CMV IgG was slightly lower among women with pre‐eclampsia (53.5%) than among healthy women (59.8%) (P = 0.03). Subgroup analyses were performed for women with early or late onset pre‐eclampsia, with preterm delivery and/or with neonates that were small for gestational age, but antibody status did not differ between pre‐eclampsia subtypes and controls.Conclusions  The presence of maternal antibodies to CMV was not associated with pre‐eclampsia in our study. The results suggest that CMV infection is unlikely to be a major cause of pre‐eclampsia.
Does regular exercise including pelvic floor muscle training prevent urinary and anal incontinence during pregnancy? A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Stafne SN , Salvesen KÅ , Romundstad PR , Torjusen IH , Mørkved S 
Published: July 2012

Please cite this paper as: Stafne S, Salvesen K, Romundstad P, Torjusen I, Mørkved S. Does regular exercise including pelvic floor muscle training prevent urinary and anal incontinence during pregnancy? A randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2012;119:1270–1280.Objective  To assess whether pregnant women following a general exercise course, including pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), were less likely to report urinary and anal incontinence in late pregnancy than a group of women receiving standard care.Design  A two‐armed, two‐centred randomised controlled trial.Setting  Trondheim University Hospital (St. Olavs Hospital) and Stavanger University Hospital, in Norway.Population  A total of 855 women were included in this trial.Methods  The intervention was a 12‐week exercise programme, including PFMT, conducted between 20 and 36 weeks of gestation. One weekly group session was led by physiotherapists, and home exercises were encouraged at least twice a week. Controls received regular antenatal care.Main outcome measures  Self‐reported urinary and anal incontinence after the intervention period (at 32–36 weeks of gestation).Results  Fewer women in the intervention group reported any weekly urinary incontinence (11 versus 19%, P = 0.004). Fewer women in the intervention group reported faecal incontinence (3 versus 5%), but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.18).Conclusions  The present trial indicates that pregnant women should exercise, and in particular do PFMT, to prevent and treat urinary incontinence in late pregnancy. Thorough instruction is important, and specific pelvic floor muscle exercises should be included in exercise classes for pregnant women. The preventive effect of PFMT on anal incontinence should be explored in future trials.
dFatp regulates nutrient distribution and long‐term physiology in Drosophila
Authors: Sujkowski Alyson , Saunders Samantha , Tinkerhess Martin , Piazza Nicole , Jennens Joanna , Healy Lindsey , Zheng Li , Wessells Robert 
Published: July 2012

SummaryNutrient allocation and usage plays an important part in regulating the onset and progression of age‐related functional declines. Here, we describe a heterozygous mutation in Drosophila (dFatp) that alters nutrient distribution and multiple aspects of physiology. dFatp mutants have increased lifespan and stress resistance, altered feeding behavior and fat storage, and increased mobility. Concurrently, mutants experience impairment of cardiac function. We show that endurance exercise reverses increased lipid storage in the myocardium and the deleterious cardiac function conferred by dFatp mutation. These findings establish a novel conserved genetic target for regulating lifespan and physiology in aging animals. These findings also highlight the importance of varying exercise conditions in assessing aging functions of model organisms.
Using ballistocardiography to measure cardiac performance: a brief review of its history and future significance
Authors: Vogt Emelie , MacQuarrie David , Neary John Patrick 
Published: July 2012

SummaryBallistocardiography (BCG) is a non‐invasive technology that has been used to record ultra‐low‐frequency vibrations of the heart allowing for the measurement of cardiac cycle events including timing and amplitudes of contraction. Recent developments in BCG have made this technology simple to use, as well as time‐ and cost‐efficient in comparison with other more complicated and invasive techniques used to evaluate cardiac performance. Recent technological advances are considerably greater since the advent of microprocessors and laptop computers. Along with the history of BCG, this paper reviews the present and future potential benefits of using BCG to measure cardiac cycle events and its application to clinical and applied research.
Accommodative and tonic convergence and anatomical contracture in partially accommodative and non‐accommodative esotropia
Authors: Lee Tae‐Eun , Kim Seung‐Hyun 
Published: July 2012

Citation information: Lee TE & Kim SH. Accommodative and tonic convergence and anatomical contracture in partially accommodative and non‐accommodative esotropia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2012, 32, 535–538. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2012.00924.xAbstractPurpose:  To compare accommodative convergence, tonic convergence, and anatomical contracture quantitatively in partially accommodative esotropia vs non‐accommodative esotropia.Methods:  Patients with an esotropia who had undergone surgery under general anaesthesia were evaluated. They were divided into two groups: 17 patients had partially accommodative esotropia and 15 patients had non‐accommodative esotropia (basic esotropia). We supposed that the total esodeviation (Eso) was composed of three components: accommodative convergence (AC), tonic convergence (TC), and anatomical contracture (AnC). We measured the preoperative angle of esodeviation with (AC) or without glasses (Eso) in awakening state at 1/3 m and the preoperative esodeviation under general anaesthesia (AnC). TC was calculated by the formula TC = EsoD−AC−AnC.Results:  The average ratios of TC/Eso, AC/Eso and AnC/Eso were 46%, 32%, and 22%, respectively in the partially accommodative esotrope group, and 28%, 1%, and 71%, respectively in the non‐accommodative esotropes. These differences were significant for AC/Eso and AnC/Eso (p < 0.0001) but not for TC/Eso (p = 0.15).Conclusions:  Among the three components, tonic convergence was responsible for a larger portion of esodeviation than anatomical contracture in partially accommodative esotropia, whereas anatomical contracture played a greater role in the non‐accommodative esotropia group.
Changes during winter in water‐stable aggregation due to crop residue quality
Authors: Le Guillou C. , Angers D. A. , Leterme P. , Menasseri‐Aubry S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThere is a need to develop practices that contribute to increased water‐stable aggregation (WSA) during winter in a humid temperate climate when soil is particularly prone to water erosion. Our objectives were to determine the effects of crop residue quality on WSA during winter and to relate these effects to biochemical indicators of fungal and bacterial biomass. Three graminae crop residues were selected for their different C/N ratios and biochemical characteristics (green oat residues, C/N = 18.8; wheat straw, C/N = 125.6; and mature miscanthus residues, C/N = 311.3). In October 2009, crop residues were added with an equivalent amount of C in the 0–10 cm layer to a Luvisol in north‐west France. WSA, expressed as mean weight diameter (MWD), amino sugar, soil mineral N and water contents were measured at regular intervals during 5 months. Aggregate MWD of the control soil decreased rapidly and remained low until the last sampling date in March which illustrates the structural vulnerability of bare soils in winter in this pedo‐climatic area. The incorporation of all three crop residues had significant positive impacts on aggregate MWD. Despite widely different C/N ratios, the maximum MWD under each treatment was similar (three times greater than the control soil). Maximum MWD occurred at times that clearly depended on residue quality. Maximum values occurred early for green oat (29 day), but were delayed to 50 day for wheat straw and to 154 day for miscanthus. Results from correlation analysis suggest that variations in WSA were partly mediated by microbial agents with a dominant effect of bacteria for green oat and a combined role of fungal and bacterial biomass for wheat straw. We suggest that the maximum MWD associated with the miscanthus late in the experiment is related to changes in the composition of the fungal community. Overall, our study shows that autumn application of crop residues increases WSA during winter with its effect being microbially mediated and determined by residue quality.
Evidence for a central 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor stimulation by lysergic acid diethylamide
Authors: ANDÉN N.‐E. , CORRODI H. , FUXE K. , HÖKFELT T. 
Published: July 2012

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and the 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) precursor, 5‐hydroxytryptophan produced similar functional effects in rat spinal cord and brain to the 5‐hydroxytryptamine precursor 5‐hydroxytryptophan, which indicates that LSD stimulates central 5‐HT receptors.
By means of combined histochemical and biochemical techniques it was found that LSD reduced the turnover rate of brain and spinal cord 5‐HT, studied after inhibition of the tryptophan hydroxylase by α‐propyldopacet‐amide. The turnover of brain noradrenaline but not dopamine was somewhat accelerated.
The functional and chemical effects by LSD were related to dose and to time. They were not observed after the LSD analogues 2‐bromo‐LSD and methysergide.
The retardation of the 5‐HT turnover by LSD may be due to negative feed‐back mechanisms evoked by direct stimulation of the central 5‐HT receptors.
The action of tyramine on the rabbit ear artery
Authors: de la LANDE I. S. , WATERSON J. G. 
Published: July 2012

The vasoconstrictor potency of extraluminal tyramine on the isolated perfused rabbit ear artery is considerably greater than that of intraluminal tyramine.
Chronic denervation, which caused the noradrenergic storage structures in the medial‐adventitial border of the artery to disappear, reduces the potency of extraluminal tyramine more than that of intraluminal tyramine so that the difference in potency for the two routes of administration tends to disappear. Cocaine exerts a greater inhibitory effect on responses to extraluminal tyramine than on those to intraluminal tyramine.
It is concluded that the indirect component plays a more prominent part in the responses to extraluminal tyramine than in those to intraluminal tyramine. This conclusion is supported by analysis of the diphasic response of the artery to intraluminal injection of tyramine under perfusion conditions which permit intraluminal fluid to mix with the extraluminal fluid. Evidence is presented that the first phase of the response is mediated by intraluminal tyramine, and the second phase by extraluminal tyramine.
The neuromuscular blocking action of a series of bicyclic bis‐onium esters
Authors: MARSHALL I. G. 
Published: July 2012

Thirteen bicyclic dicholine esters have been tested on mammalian and avian skeletal muscle preparations.
One of the compounds exhibited depolarizing activity in all the preparations.
Three of the compounds exhibited depolarizing or dual‐blocking activity in avian and denervated mammalian preparations, but exhibited non‐depolarizing blocking activity in innervated mammalian preparations.
The remaining compounds exhibited non‐depolarizing blocking activity with evidence of an additional facilitatory action.
The activity exhibited was dependent upon the onium substituents and the structure of the bicyclic ring.
All the compounds exhibited a choline‐reversible block in the rapidly stimulated rat diaphragm preparation and six of them exhibited a secondary choline‐reversible block of the rapidly stimulated cat tibialis anterior muscle.
The effect of chlorpromazine on cerebral glucose, ATP, ADP, AMP and ATPase in the mouse
Authors: CHOWDHURY A. K. , SKINNER ANNETTE , SPECTOR R. G. , YAP S.‐L. 
Published: July 2012

Administration of chlorpromazine 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally to mice produced no alteration in cerebral adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP). In these animals there was an increase in the glucose content of the supernatants of homogenates of liver and brain following acid hydrolysis.
Chlorpromazine 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally did not affect Mg++ activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in the brain.
A comparison of some cardiovascular properties of propranolol, MJ 1999 and quinidine in relation to their effects in hypertensive animals
Authors: FARMER J. B. , LEVY G. P. 
Published: July 2012

A comparison of some cardiovascular effects of propranolol, MJ 1999 and quinidine has been made in rats and dogs.
After intravenous, subcutaneous or oral administration to rats and dogs, propranolol was found to be 2–4 times more potent than MJ 1999 in blocking the chronotropic and vasodepressor responses to intravenously administered isoprenaline.
Propranolol and quinidine affected the e.c.g. of rats and dogs in a similar manner.
At dose‐levels causing effective blockade of β‐receptors propranolol and MJ 1999 had no hypotensive effect after short‐ or long‐term administration to conscious hypertensive rats and dogs.
At very high dose‐levels propranolol and quinidine, but not MJ 1999, lowered blood pressure in the hypertensive rat. This effect of propranolol is probably related to one or more of the properties that propranolol and quinidine have in common rather than to a blockade of β‐receptors.
The possible relevance of these results to the use of propranolol as a hypotensive agent in man is discussed.
The reversal of the central effects of noradrenaline by antidepressant drugs in mice
Authors: COWELL PAULINE , DAVEY M. J. 
Published: July 2012

Noradrenaline given directly into the lateral cerebral ventricles induced hypothermia in mice. This hypothermia was antagonized and eventually reversed to a hyperthermia by imipramine‐like antidepressant drugs.
The mechanism of action involved in this effect of antidepressant drugs has been studied using nortriptyline as a typical representative of antidepressant drugs.
Nortriptyline pretreatment did not modify either the uptake, subcellular distribution, or the metabolism of 3H‐noradrenaline injected into the lateral cerebral ventricles.
Nortriptyline had the same order of activity in reversing the hypothermia produced by the intraventricular injection of noradrenaline irrespective of whether it was given directly into the lateral cerebral ventricles or subcutaneously.
Noradrenaline given subcutaneously caused hyperthermia in mice which antagonized and reversed the hypothermia induced by noradrenaline given directly into the lateral ventricles.
The antagonism by both noradrenaline given subcutaneously and nortriptyline was reduced to the same degree by α‐ and β‐adrenoceptive receptor blocking agents.
Nortriptyline, at dose levels required to antagonize and reverse the hypothermia induced by intraventricular injections of noradrenaline, potentiated the hyperthermia caused by noradrenaline given subcutaneously in conscious mice and the pressor responses to noradrenaline given either intravenously or into the lateral ventricles in anaesthetized mice.
It is suggested that imipramine‐like antidepressant drugs antagonize the hypothermia produced by intraventricular injections of noradrenaline by potentiating the hyperthermic effects of that part of the centrally administered noradrenaline that passes to the periphery rather than a direct central antagonism of the effects of noradrenaline.
Kinins and anti‐inflammatory steroids
Authors: EISEN V. , GREENBAUM L. , LEWIS G. P. 
Published: July 2012

This investigation was designed to re‐examine the possibility that antiinflammatory steroids interfere with the kinin‐forming system.
We conclude that the anti‐inflammatory action of corticosteroids cannot be explained by the inhibition of kinin formation. This view is based on the following findings.
Neither hydrocortisone nor prednisolone nor dexamethasone inhibited the activation or activity of intrinsic plasma kinin forming enzymes resulting from dilution, incubation with kininase inhibitors, or exposure to glass, monosodium urate microcrystals or to precipitated complexes of rheumatoid factor and aggregated human γ‐globulin.
Hydrocortisone did not inhibit the action of the active kinin‐forming enzymes, human salivary or urinary kallikrein, or plasmin on purified kininogen.
Hydrocortisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone did not inhibit the hydrolysis of benzoyl‐arginine‐ethyl ester by human plasmin, plasma kallikrein or hog pancreatic kallikrein.
Kinin formation occurred normally in plasma taken from two patients receiving betamethasone and one receiving prednisone.
Sustained complete autonomic blockade
Authors: HALMAGYI D. F. J. , NEERING I. R. , VARGA D. , PULLIN JOY 
Published: July 2012

A 3‐hr period of complete autonomic blockade was induced in anaesthetized sheep and dogs using a continuous intravenous infusion of trimetaphan camphorsulphonate and atropine. Circulatory, respiratory and metabolic parameters were studied over 24 hr or until the animal died, whichever came first.
After termination of the blockade all animals remained hypotensive and within a few hours all died in irreversible shock which was not accompanied by any of the otherwise characteristic respiratory or metabolic consequences of circulatory failure.
Administration of trimetaphan alone for a similar period was innocuous.
When during complete autonomic blockade a continuous infusion of dopamine or hypertensin was additionally administered mortality rate was halved but all survivors remained hypotensive.
An in vitro study of the intestinal absorption of pyridinium aldoximes
Authors: CRONE H. D. , KEEN T. E. B. 
Published: July 2012

The transfer rates of three pyridinium aldoximes, a non‐quaternary pyridine aldoxime and choline across the wall of sacs from the jejunum of rats were measured in vitro.
The transfer rates observed for any one of the quaternary compounds could be inversely correlated with the transmural potential of the particular sac studied, but there was no correlation with the rates of water or glucose transfer.
2‐hydroxyiminomethyl‐N‐methylpyridinium iodide (PAM) had a transfer rate seven times less than that of its non‐quaternary analogue, 2‐hydroxyimino‐methyl pyridine.
Neither neostigmine nor EDTA affected the transfer rate of PAM in the conditions used.
It was concluded that the transfer of the quaternary compounds could be explained by diffusion through aqueous pores.
Effects of progesterone therapy on the stilboestrol‐induced sensitivity of isolated rat uterus preparations
Authors: KHAN I. , AHMED N. 
Published: July 2012

Progesterone treatment (50 mg/kg) in ovariectomized rats antagonizes the effects of stilboestrol 100 μg/kg on the vaginal mucosa and uterine weight; but the sensitivity to acetylcholine, oxytocin and 5‐hydroxytryptamine is increased by factors 4, 11 and 3, respectively.
In intact animals a similar progesterone treatment (50 mg/kg) antagonizes the effects of stilboestrol 100 μg/kg on vaginal smears, uterine weight and uterine sensitivity. The uterine sensitivity to acetylcholine, oxytocin and 5‐hydroxytryptamine is, however, decreased by a factor of 2, 1.4 and 17.7, respectively.
These experiments show that the ovary is essential for the desensitizing effects of progesterone. The suggestion is put forward that another substance is released from the ovary by progesterone.
The influence of salicylate on platelets and whole blood adenine nucleotides
Authors: DAVIES D. T. P. , HUGHES A. , TONKS R. S. 
Published: July 2012

The addition of sodium salicylate to freshly withdrawn human blood or native platelet‐rich plasma significantly delays platelet aggregation in vitro.
The administration of acetylsalicylic acid to human subjects also significantly delays platelet aggregation in their whole blood and there is a short delay in the formation of fibrin but this is not statistically significant.
Salicylate, whether added to human blood in vitro as sodium salicylate or given by mouth as acetylsalicylic acid, significantly reduces the platelet clumping activity of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) added to whole blood in vitro.
The administration of aspirin in high doses for several days produces a marked increase in the total adenine nucleotide content of whole blood. The percentage of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was increased, that of ADP decreased while there is an obvious increase in the ATP: ADP ratio.
There is little correlation between the plasma salicylate level and the delay aspirin produces in platelet aggregation in vitro or the changes that occur in the levels of ADP or ATP in whole blood during administration of aspirin.
Significant correlations do occur, however, between the delay in platelet aggregation in vitro and (i) the percentage increase in the ATP concentration, (ii) the percentage decrease in ADP concentration, (iii) the percentage change in the ATP: ADP ratio observed during aspirin administration.