bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground reaction force profiles after partial and pancarpal arthrodesis in dogs
Authors: Rytz U. , Vannini R. , Voss K. , Andreoni A. A. 
Published: December 2009

Summary
Objectives: To evaluate and compare long-term functional outcome after partial carpal arthrodesis and pancarpal arthrodesis in dogs using kinetic gait analysis.
Methods: Fourteen dogs with 19 partial carpal or pancarpal arthrodeses were retrospectively examined and underwent force-plate gait analysis. Mean times since surgery were 29.4 and 24.4 months for pancarpal and partial carpal arthrodesis respectively. Vertical and braking-propulsive ground reaction force profiles were compared between treatment groups, and to those of normal dogs (control group) using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance.
Results: With the exception of time to vertical peak that occurred earlier in dogs with pancarpal than in dogs with partial carpal arthrodesis (p <0.01), there was no difference between the two treatment groups. Several parameters differed significantly between operated and healthy dogs (p <0.01): vertical impulses were significantly lower in both treatment groups, braking forces and impulses were also reduced after both techniques. Propulsive forces and impulses were only reduced in dogs with pancarpal arthrodesis. When comparing gait parameters of sound limbs of unilateral operated dogs to those of control dogs, braking forces and impulses (p <0.01; p <0.05) were significantly higher in the sound legs of unilateral operated dogs.
Clinical Significance: Long-term outcome after partial carpal and pancarpal arthrodesis is good and comparable to each other. Propulsive action may be altered more in dogs with pancarpal arthrodesis.
Long-term outcomes of thigh circumference, stifle range-of-motion, and lameness after unilateral tibial plateau levelling osteotomy
Authors: Allen D. A. , Wilson E. R. , Lineberger J. A. , Lehenbauer T. , Moeller E. M. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryOur study evaluated thigh circumference (TC), stifle range of motion (ROM), and lameness in dogs one to five years after unilateral tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO). We hypothesised that TC, stifle ROM, and lameness would not be different to the unoperated limb (control), one to five years after surgery. Patients that were one to five years post-TPLO were reviewed and were included if they had a unilateral TPLO, and no additional clinical evidence of orthopaedic disease. Standing mid-thigh TC measurements and stifle extension and flexion angles were made in triplicate. Clinical lameness was graded blindly. Data were evaluated statistically using paired t-tests for TC and stifle flexion and extension. Significance was set at p <0.05. Twenty-nine dogs met the inclusion criteria. Mean results for the surgery limbs and control limbs were 39.5 ± 5.5 cm and 40.1 ± 5.6 cm for TC, 36.6 ± 6.8° and 28.6 ± 4.3° for stifle flexion, and 155.2 ± 6.6° and 159.8 ± 4.9° for stifle extension, respectively. The mean TC for the operated limb was 98.5% of the control limb. A significant difference was found between the operated and the control limbs for all measurements. Time after surgery had no apparent affect on outcome. Four of 29 dogs (14%) exhibited some lameness in the TLPO limb during evaluation (one dog was 1 to 2 years postoperative and three dogs were 2 to 3 years postoperative). These results indicate that TC and stifle ROM in the TLPO limb do not return to control-limb measurements one to five years after a TPLO surgery. The clinical significance is unknown as TC returned to 98.5% of control, and the source of lameness in the lame dogs was not identified.
Antigen Aggregation Decides the Fate of the Allergic Immune Response
Authors: Zaborsky Nadja , Brunner Marietta , Wallner Michael , Himly Martin , Karl Tanja , Schwarzenbacher Robert , Ferreira Fatima , Achatz Gernot 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Previously, defined naturally occurring isoforms of allergenic proteins were classified as hypoallergens and therefore suggested as an agent for immunotherapy in the future. In this paper, we report for the first time the molecular background of hypoallergenicity by comparing the immunological behavior of hyperallergenic Betula verrucosa major Ag 1a (Bet v 1a) and hypoallergenic Bet v 1d, two isoforms of the major birch pollen allergen Betula verrucosa 1. Despite their cross-reactivity, Bet v 1a and Bet v 1d differ in their capacity to induce protective Ab responses in BALB/c mice. Both isoforms induced similar specific IgE levels, but only Bet v 1d expressed relevant titers of serum IgGs and IgAs. Interestingly, hypoallergenic Bet v 1d activated dendritic cells more efficiently, followed by the production of increased amounts of Th1- as well as Th2-type cytokines. Surprisingly, compared with Bet v 1a, Bet v 1d-immunized mice showed a decreased proliferation of regulatory T cells. Crystallographic studies and dynamic light scattering revealed that Bet v 1d demonstrated a high tendency to form disulfide-linked aggregates due to a serine to cysteine exchange at residue 113. We conclude that aggregation of Bet v 1d triggers the establishment of a protective Ab titer and supports a rationale for Bet v 1d being a promising candidate for specific immunotherapy of birch pollen allergy.
STAT3 Signaling in CD4+ T Cells Is Critical for the Pathogenesis of Chronic Sclerodermatous Graft-Versus-Host Disease in a Murine Model
Authors: Radojcic Vedran , Pletneva Maria A. , Yen Hung-Rong , Ivcevic Sanja , Panoskaltsis-Mortari Angela , Gilliam Anita C. , Drake Charles G. , Blazar Bruce R. , Luznik Leo 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Donor CD4+ T cells are thought to be essential for inducing delayed host tissue injury in chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, the relative contributions of distinct effector CD4+ T cell subpopulations and the molecular pathways influencing their generation are not known. We investigated the role of the STAT3 pathway in a murine model of chronic sclerodermatous GVHD. This pathway integrates multiple signaling events during the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells and impacts their homeostasis. We report that chimeras receiving an allograft containing STAT3-ablated donor CD4+ T cells do not develop classic clinical and pathological manifestations of alloimmune tissue injury. Analysis of chimeras showed that abrogation of STAT3 signaling reduced the in vivo expansion of donor-derived CD4+ T cells and their accumulation in GVHD target tissues without abolishing antihost alloreactivity. STAT3 ablation did not significantly affect Th1 differentiation while enhancing CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell reconstitution through thymus-dependent and -independent pathways. Transient depletion of CD25+ T cells in chimeras receiving STAT3-deficient T cells resulted in delayed development of alloimmune gut and liver injury. This delayed de novo GVHD was associated with the emergence of donor hematopoietic stem cell-derived Th1 and Th17 cells. These results suggest that STAT3 signaling in graft CD4+ T cells links the alloimmune tissue injury of donor graft T cells and the emergence of donor hematopoietic stem cell-derived pathogenic effector cells and that both populations contribute, albeit in different ways, to the genesis of chronic GVHD after allogenic bone marrow transplantation in a murine model.
Hydrophilic Sparse Ionic Monolayer‐Protected Metal Nanoparticles: Highly Concentrated Nano‐Au and Nano‐Ag “Inks” that can be Sintered to Near‐Bulk Conductivity at 150 °C
Authors: Anto Bibin T. , Sivaramakrishnan Sankaran , Chua Lay‐Lay , Ho Peter K. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHere, monolayer‐protected gold and silver nanoparticles with extremely high solvent dispersibility (over 200 mg mL−1 in water and glycols) and low coalescence temperature (approximately 150 °C, measured by the percolation transition temperature Tp) are developed, to reach conductivities better than 1 × 105 S cm−1. These materials are suitable for inkjet and other forms of printing on substrates that may be solvent‐ and/or temperature‐sensitive, such as for plastic electronics, and as bus lines for solar and lighting panels. This is achieved using a new concept of the sparse ionic protection monolayer. The metal nanoparticles are initially protected by a two‐component mixed ligand shell comprising an ω‐functionalized ionic ligand and a labile ligand. These are selectively desorbed to give a sparse shell of the ω‐ionic ligands of ca. 25% coverage. Through a systematic study of different monolayer‐protected Au nanoparticles using FTIR spectroscopy, supported by XPS and DSC, it is shown that Tp is not determined by thermodynamic size melting or by surface area effects, as previously thought, but by the temperature when ca. 80% of the dense monolayer is eliminated. Therefore, Tp depends on the thermal stability and packing density of the shell, rather than the size of the metal core, while the solubility characteristics depend strongly on the exposed terminal group.
Highly Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Indole with Alkylidenemalonates Catalyzed by Heteroarylidene Malonate‐Derived Bis(oxazoline) Copper(II) Complexes
Authors: Sun Yan‐Jin , Li Nan , Zheng Zhong‐Bo , Liu Lei , Yu Yan‐Bo , Qin Zhao‐Hai , Fu Bin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA series of cheap and easily accessible heteroarylidenemalonate‐derived bis(oxazoline) ligands 1 and 2 were synthesized and their copper(II) complexes were applied to the catalytic Friedel–Crafts reaction between indoles and diethyl alkylidenemalonates, Excellent asymmetric enantioselectivities were afforded for the S‐enantiomer (up to >99% ee) in isobutyl alcohol, and the R‐enantiomer (up to 96.5% ee) in dichloromethane.
Highly Active and Selective Semihydrogenation of Alkynes with the Palladium Nanoparticles‐Tetrabutylammonium Borohydride Catalyst System
Authors: Hori Junichi , Murata Kunihiko , Sugai Toshiki , Shinohara Hisanori , Noyori Ryoji , Arai Noriyoshi , Kurono Nobuhito , Ohkuma Takeshi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPalladium nanoparticles are prepared from palladium(II) acetate and 2 equivalents of potassium tert‐butoxide in the presence of 4‐octyne. The palladium nanoparticles‐tetrabutylammonium borohydride system shows excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in the semihydrogenation of alkynes to the [(Z)‐]alkenes. The hydrogenation of 4‐octyne is conducted with the catalyst system at a substrate‐to‐palladium molar ratio of 10,000–200,000 under 8 atm of hydrogen to give (Z)‐4‐octene in>99% yield. Isomerization and over‐reduction of the Z‐alkene are very slow even after consumption of the alkyne.
L‐type calcium channel blockers and Parkinson disease in Denmark
Authors: Ritz Beate , Rhodes Shannon L. , Qian Lei , Schernhammer Eva , Olsen Jørgen H. , Friis Søren 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to investigate L‐type calcium channel blockers of the dihydropyridine class for association with Parkinson disease (PD), because some of these drugs traverse the blood–brain barrier, are potentially neuroprotective, and have previously been evaluated for impact on PD risk.MethodsWe identified 1,931 patients with a first‐time diagnosis for PD between 2001 and 2006 as reported in the Danish national hospital/outpatient database and density matched them by birth year and sex to 9,651 controls from the population register. The index date for cases and their corresponding controls was advanced to the date of first recorded prescription for anti‐Parkinson drugs, if prior to first PD diagnosis in the hospital records. Prescriptions were determined from the national pharmacy database. In our primary analyses, we excluded all calcium channel blocker prescriptions 2 years before index date/PD diagnosis.ResultsEmploying logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, diagnosis of chronic pulmonary obstructive disorder, and Charlson comorbidity score, we found that subjects prescribed dihydropyridines (excludes amlodipine) between 1995 and 2 years prior to the index date were less likely to develop PD (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.54–0.97); this 27% risk reduction did not differ with length or intensity of use. Risk estimates were close to null for the peripherally acting drug amlodipine and for other antihypertensive medications.InterpretationOur data suggest a potential neuroprotective role for centrally acting L‐type calcium channel blockers of the dihydropyridine class in PD that should be further investigated in studies that can distinguish between types of L‐type channel blockers. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:600–606
Abnormal B‐cell cytokine responses a trigger of T‐cell–mediated disease in MS?
Authors: Bar‐Or Amit , Fawaz Lama , Fan Boli , Darlington Peter J. , Rieger Aja , Ghorayeb Christine , Calabresi Peter A. , Waubant Emmanuelle , Hauser Stephen L. , Zhang Jiameng , Smith Craig H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo study antibody‐independent contributions of B cells to inflammatory disease activity, and the immune consequences of B‐cell depletion with rituximab, in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsB‐Cell effector‐cytokine responses were compared between MS patients and matched controls using a 3‐signal model of activation. The effects of B‐cell depletion on Th1/Th17 CD4 and CD8 T‐cell responses in MS patients were assessed both ex vivo and in vivo, together with pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies as part of 2 rituximab clinical trials in relapsing–remitting MS.ResultsB Cells of MS patients exhibited aberrant proinflammatory cytokine responses, including increased lymphotoxin (LT):interleukin‐10 ratios and exaggerated LT and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α secretion, when activated in the context of the pathogen‐associated TLR9‐ligand CpG‐DNA, or the Th1 cytokine interferon‐γ, respectively. B‐Cell depletion, both ex vivo and in vivo, resulted in significantly diminished proinflammatory (Th1 and Th17) responses of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Soluble products from activated B cells of untreated MS patients reconstituted the diminished T‐cell responses observed following in vivo B‐cell depletion in the same patients, and this effect appeared to be largely mediated by B‐cell LT and TNFα.InterpretationWe propose that episodic triggering of abnormal B‐cell cytokine responses mediates ‘bystander activation’ of disease‐relevant proinflammatory T cells, resulting in new relapsing MS disease activity. Our findings point to a plausible mechanism for the long‐recognized association between infections and new MS relapses, and provide novel insights into B‐cell roles in both health and disease, and into mechanisms contributing to therapeutic effects of B‐cell depletion in human autoimmune diseases, including MS. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:452–461
Übergangsmetallkatalysierte direkte Arylierungen von (Hetero)Arenen durch C‐H‐Bindungsbruch
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Vicente Rubén , Kapdi Anant R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDas Gebiet der übergangsmetallkatalysierten direkten Arylierung unter C‐H‐Bindungsbruch hat in den letzten Jahren eine rasante Entwicklung erfahren, was dazu führte, dass sich solche Methoden immer mehr als Alternativen zu den herkömmlichen Kreuzkupplungen mit metallorganischen Reagentien etabliert haben. Insbesondere wurden zahlreiche Palladium‐ und Rutheniumkatalysatoren beschrieben, welche die direkte Arylierung von (Hetero)arenen mit anspruchsvollen Reaktionspartnern ermöglichen; hierzu gehören elektrophile Arylchloride und ‐tosylate oder auch einfache Arene in gekreuzten dehydrierenden Arylierungen.
Assessing the effectiveness of conservation management decisions: likely effects of new protection measures for Hector's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori)
Authors: Slooten Elisabeth , Dawson Stephen M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Fisheries bycatch affects many species of marine mammals, seabirds, turtles and other marine animals.
New Zealand's endemic Hector's dolphins overlap with gillnet and trawl fisheries throughout their geographic range. The species is listed as Endangered by the IUCN. In addition, the North Island subspecies has been listed as Critically Endangered.
Estimates of catch rates in commercial gillnets from an observer programme (there are no quantitative estimates of bycatch by amateur gillnetters or in trawl fisheries) were used in a simple population viability analysis to predict the impact of this fishery under three scenarios: Option (A) status‐quo management, (B) new regulations announced by the Minister of Fisheries in 2008 and (C) total protection.
Uncertainty in estimates of population size and growth rate, number of dolphins caught and other model inputs are explicitly included in the analysis. Sensitivity analyses are carried out to examine the effect of variation in catch rate and the extent to which fishing effort is removed from protected areas but displaced to unprotected areas.
These methods are applicable to many other situations in which animals are removed from populations, whether deliberately (e.g. fishing) or not (e.g. bycatch).
The current Hector's dolphin population is clearly depleted, at an estimated 27% of the 1970 population. Population projections to 2050 under Options A and B predict that the total population is likely to continue declining. In the case of Option B this is driven mainly by continuing bycatch due to the much weaker protection measures on the South Island west coast.
Without fishing mortality (Option C) all populations are projected to increase, with the total population approximately doubling by 2050 and reaching half of its 1970 population size in just under 40 years. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic pricing model and algorithm for perishable products with fuzzy demand
Authors: Xiong Yu , Li Gendao , Fernandes Kiran Jude 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper studies the dynamic pricing problem of selling fixed stock of perishable items over a finite horizon, where the decision maker does not have the necessary historic data to estimate the distribution of uncertain demand, but has imprecise information about the quantity demand. We model this uncertainty using fuzzy variables. The dynamic pricing problem based on credibility theory is formulated using three fuzzy programming models, viz.: the fuzzy expected revenue maximization model, α‐optimistic revenue maximization model, and credibility maximization model. Fuzzy simulations for functions with fuzzy parameters are given and embedded into a genetic algorithm to design a hybrid intelligent algorithm to solve these three models. Finally, a real‐world example is presented to highlight the effectiveness of the developed model and algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptation of object descriptions to a partner under increasing communicative demands: a comparison of children with and without autism
Authors: Nadig Aparna , Vivanti Giacomo , Ozonoff Sally 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study compared the object descriptions of school‐age children with high‐functioning autism (HFA) with those of a matched group of typically developing children. Descriptions were elicited in a referential communication task where shared information was manipulated, and in a guessing game where clues had to be provided about the identity of an object that was hidden from the addressee. Across these tasks, increasingly complex levels of audience design were assessed: (1) the ability to give adequate descriptions from one's own perspective, (2) the ability to adjust descriptions to an addressee's perspective when this differs from one's own, and (3) the ability to provide indirect yet identifying descriptions in a situation where explicit labeling is inappropriate. Results showed that there were group differences in all three cases, with the HFA group giving less efficient descriptions with respect to the relevant context than the comparison group. More revealing was the identification of distinct adaptation profiles among the HFA participants: those who had difficulty with all three levels, those who displayed Level 1 audience design but poor Level 2 and Level 3 design, and those demonstrated all three levels of audience design, like the majority of the comparison group. Higher structural language ability, rather than symptom severity or social skills, differentiated those HFA participants with typical adaptation profiles from those who displayed deficient audience design, consistent with previous reports of language use in autism.
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms moderate cognition and behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Yerys Benjamin E. , Wallace Gregory L. , Sokoloff Jennifer L. , Shook Devon A. , James Joette D. , Kenworthy Lauren 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRecent estimates suggest that 31% of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) meet diagnostic criteria for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and another 24% of children with ASD exhibit subthreshold clinical ADHD symptoms. Presence of ADHD symptoms in the context of ASD could have a variety of effects on cognition, autistic traits, and adaptive/maladaptive behaviors including: exacerbating core ASD impairments; adding unique impairments specific to ADHD; producing new problems unreported in ASD or ADHD; having no clear impact; or producing some combination of these scenarios. Children with ASD and co‐morbid ADHD symptoms (ASD+ADHD; n=21), children with ASD without ADHD (ASD; n=28), and a typically developing control group (n=21) were included in the study; all groups were matched on age, gender‐ratio, IQ, and socioeconomic status. Data were collected on verbal and spatial working memory, response inhibition, global executive control (EC), autistic traits, adaptive functioning, and maladaptive behavior problems. In this sample, the presence of ADHD symptoms in ASD exacerbated impairments in EC and adaptive behavior and resulted in higher autistic trait, and externalizing behavior ratings. ADHD symptoms were also associated with greater impairments on a lab measure of verbal working memory. These findings suggest that children with ASD+ADHD symptoms present with exacerbated impairments in some but not all domains of functioning relative to children with ASD, most notably in adaptive behavior and working memory. Therefore, ADHD may moderate the expression of components of the ASD cognitive and behavioral phenotype, but ASD+ADHD may not represent an etiologically distinct phenotype from ASD alone.