bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malformation spectrum induced by ketoconazole after single administration to pregnant rats during the critical period – comparison with vitamin A‐induced malformation spectrum
Authors: Mineshima Hiroshi , Fukuta Tetsuya , Kato Emiko , Uchida Keiji , Aoki Toyohiko , Matsuno Yoshiharu , Mori Chisato 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTAzole derivatives have teratogenic effects in rodents. In the present study, malformations and their sensitive windows induced by high‐dose ketoconazole (KCZ), an azole derivative, without maternal toxicity were investigated. In addition, the malformation spectrum determined was compared with that induced by vitamin A palmitate (VAP). Pregnant rats were administered a single dose of KCZ by oral gavage on specific individual days from gestational days 8 to 15 (GDs 8–15). Maternal animals were subjected to necropsy on GD 20, and the obtained fetuses were examined for external, visceral and skeletal malformations. The malformation spectrum of VAP was identified from available published data (Noda, Sato, and Udaka, 1982) and a complementary study (single administration of VAP at 1 200 000 IU kg−1). Embryonic lethality was observed in dams given KCZ on GDs 9–12 with peak incidence on GDs 10 and 11 with complete resorption. KCZ induced major malformations included cleft palate, digital anomalies, misshapen limbs and unique discontinuous ribs, and the sensitive window for each was identified. Compared with the malformations induced by VAP, unique malformations (e.g. discontinuous ribs by KCZ, neural tube defects by VAP), similar malformations with similar sensitive windows (e.g. digital and limb malformations) and similar malformations with different sensitive windows (e.g. embryonic lethality and cleft palate) were distinguished, suggesting that the mechanisms of several of the types of KCZ‐induced malformation are related to excessive vitamin A. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicological effect of emodin in mouse testicular gene expression profile
Authors: Oshida Keiyu , Hirakata Mikito , Maeda Akihisa , Miyoshi Tomoya , Miyamoto Yohei 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTEmodin (1,3,8‐trihydroxy‐6‐methyl‐anthraquinone) is a herbal medicine extracted from the rhizomes of Rheum palmatum, and is known as an inhibitor of casein kinase II (CK2). The CK2α′ knockout mice are known to be male‐infertile; however, there have been no reports on the toxicity of emodin in male reproductive organs/tissues. To evaluate the toxicological effects of emodin on differential gene expression profiles of the testis as compared with acrylamide, mice were orally administered emodin and acrylamide for 5 days at a dose of 1000 and 50 mg kg−1 per day, respectively, and euthanized 24 h after the final administration. Both chemicals induced hypospermatogenesis, eosinophilic change and apoptosis of germ cell. A DNA microarray analysis showed that the IGF‐1 receptor signaling was most closely related to the above testicular toxicity induced by emodin, and the RhoA regulation, TGF/WNT and cytoskeletal remodeling, TNFR1 signaling and adenosine A2A receptor signaling were commonly associated with the two chemicals. We selected 36 genes associated with CK2, apoptosis and spermatogenesis and determined their expression by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Both chemicals perturbed the expression of genes associated with CK2. Genes related to spermatogenesis were also affected, as evidenced by hypospermatogenesis, and eosinophilic change and apoptosis of germ cell. The results suggest that emodin causes testicular toxicity, including apoptosis with related the IGF‐1 receptor signaling pathway, and the two chemicals commonly affect CK2, spermatogenesis and sperm motility via four pathways, such as TNFR1 signaling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of metallothionein 2A polymorphism on placental cadmium accumulation: is metallothionein a modifiying factor in transfer of micronutrients to the fetus?
Authors: Tekin Deniz , Kayaaltı Zeliha , Aliyev Vugar , Söylemezoğlu Tülin 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTMetallothionein affects the metabolism, transport and storage of micronutrients such as zinc, copper and iron, and the detoxification of heavy metals, especially cadmium. Cd is a common, highly toxic environmental pollutant that accumulates in human placenta, elevated concentrations of which are associated with impaired zinc transfer to the fetus. This prospective study investigated the effects of metallothionein 2A (MT2A) −5 A/G single nucleotide polymorphism on the accumulation of Cd in human placenta and micronutrient transfer to the fetus in 95 pregnant women and their newborns. Venous blood from the mother was collected to investigate Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe levels and MT2A polymorphism. Cord blood from the neonate and placenta was collected for metal levels. MT2A polymorphism was determined by the standard PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Metal levels were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Maternal blood Cd levels were statistically higher for mothers with a heterozygote genotype compared with a homozygote genotype (P < 0.05). In contrast, placental Cd levels were significantly higher in mothers with a homozygote rather than a heterozygote genotype (P < 0.05). No difference existed in cord blood Cd, Zn and Cu levels. However, cord blood Fe levels of newborns with heterozygote genotype mothers were higher than in others. Placental Cd levels of heterozygote genotype mothers were negatively associated with Zn in cord blood. Cd exposure at environmental levels may be associated with alteration of the umbilical cord micronutrient levels for newborns with mothers of a heterozygote genotype. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomaterials coated by dental pulp cells as substrate for neural stem cell differentiation
Authors: Soria Jose Miguel , Sancho‐Tello María , Esparza M. Angeles Garcia , Mirabet Vicente , Bagan Jose Vicente , Monleón Manuel , Carda Carmen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study is focused on the development of an in vitro hybrid system, consisting in a polymeric biomaterial covered by a dental pulp cellular stroma that acts as a scaffold offering a neurotrophic support for the subsequent survival and differentiation of neural stem cells. In the first place, the behavior of dental pulp stroma on the polymeric biomaterial based on ethyl acrylate and hydroxy ethyl acrylate copolymer was studied. For this purpose, cells from normal human third molars were grown onto 0.5‐mm‐diameter biomaterial discs. After cell culture, quantification of neurotrophic factors generated by the stromal cells was performed by means of an ELISA assay. In the second place, survival and differentiation of adult murine neural stem cells on the polymeric biomaterials covered by dental pulp stromal cells was studied. The results show the capacity of dental pulp cells to uniformly coat the majority of the material's surface and to secrete neurotrophic factors that become crucial for a subsequent differentiation of neural stem cells. The use of stromal cells cultured on scaffolding biomaterials provides neurotrophic pumps that may suggest new criteria for the design of cell therapy experiments in animal models to assist the repair of lesions in Central Nervous System. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
The role of TLE1 in synovial sarcoma
Authors: Seo Sung Wook , Lee Hyewon , Lee Hyun‐Il , Kim Han‐Soo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe treatment outcome of synovial sarcoma is poor owing to its resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. The Transducin‐like Enhancer of Split 1 (TLE1) is a co‐repressor that involves many signaling pathways like cell survival, hematopoiesis and differentiation. Although TLE1 is uniquely expressed in synovial sarcomas, the biological role of TLE1 is not completely understood. This study evaluated the function of TLE1 in synovial sarcomas using knock‐down of TLE1, and examined whether the inhibition of TLE1 suppresses the proliferation of synovial sarcomas and enhances the cytotoxicity caused by doxorubicin (doxo). The over‐expression of TLE1 was first confirmed in synovial sarcoma cells (HS‐SYII). When the HS‐SYII cells and normal fibroblast were transiently transfected with TLE1 siRNA, the MTT assay revealed growth inhibition in the HS‐SY‐11 cells but not in the normal fibroblast. TLE1 silencing also potentiated the cytotoxic effects of doxo against HS‐SYII cells. This effect of TLE1 silencing was attributed mainly to the induction of apoptosis. Subsequent analysis revealed that Bcl‐2 is a possible downstream target of TLE1 signaling. This study demonstrated that TLE1 is a critical factor for the survival of synovial sarcomas. Overall, the inhibition of TLE1 affects cell proliferation and the apoptosis pathway by suppressing the expression of Bcl‐2. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1131–1136, 2011
Rapid detection of a foreign protein in milk using IMS–SERS
Authors: He Lili , Haynes Christy L. , Diez‐Gonzalez Francisco , Labuza Theodore P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA method for rapid detection of foreign protein contamination in complex food matrices is critically needed. Here we present a novel method that combines immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to detect ovalbumin (OVA), an egg white protein, added into whole milk. IMS was used to specifically capture the OVA out of the milk. Then SERS was applied to analyze the IMS eluate using silver dendrites as the substrate. Two SERS sample preparation methods, namely solution based and substrate based, were used to prepare the IMS eluate for SERS analysis. Results show both methods were able to detect 1 µg OVA in 1 ml milk (1 part per million). Based on the results of principal component analysis and partial least‐squares analysis, solution SERS was more capable of quantitative analysis, while substrate SERS was more sensitive for qualitative analysis. The total analytical time for IMS–SERS was less than 20 min, which satisfied the requirement of rapid detection in a milk processing facility. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of 13 phytohormones in oilseed rape tissues by liquid chromatography‐electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and the evaluation of the matrix effect
Authors: Fan Sufang , Wang Xiupin , Li Peiwu , Zhang Qi , Zhang Wen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn the experiment, a high‐performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry with selected reaction monitoring was used to simultaneously determine various classes of phytohormones, including indole‐3‐acetic acid, α‐naphthaleneacetic acid, 2‐chlorobenzoic acid, 4‐chlorobenzoic acid, indole‐3‐butyric acid, gibberellic acid, 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2‐naphthoxyacetic acid, abscisic acid, 2,3,5‐triiodobenzoic acid, uniconazole, paclobutrazol and 2,4‐epibassinolide in rape tissues. The analyses were separated by an HPLC equipped with a reversed‐phase column using a binary solvent system composed of methanol and water, both containing 0.1% of formic acid. The matrix effect was also considered and determined. The technology was applied to analyze rape tissues, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, immature pods and rape seeds. The rape tissues were subjected to ultrasound‐assisted extraction and purified by dispersive solid‐phase extraction, and then transferred into the liquid chromatography system. The detection limit for each plant hormone was defined by the ratio of signal/background noise (S/N) of 3. The results showed perfect linearity (R2 values of 0.9987–1.0000) and reproducibility of elution times (relative standard deviations, RSDs,<1%) and peak areas (RSDs,<7%) for all target compounds.
Comparison of liver mitochondrial proteins derived from newborn cloned calves and from cloned adult cattle by two‐dimensional differential gel electrophoresis
Authors: Takeda Kumiko , Tasai Mariko , Akagi Satoshi , Watanabe Shinya , Oe Mika , Chikuni Koichi , Ohnishi‐Kameyama Mayumi , Hanada Hirofumi , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Tagami Takahiro , Nirasawa Keijiro 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAberrant reprogramming of donor somatic cell nuclei may result in many severe problems in animal cloning. The inability to establish functional interactions between donor nucleus and recipient mitochondria is also likely responsible for such a developmental deficiency. However, detailed knowledge of protein expression during somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in cattle is lacking. In the present study, variations in mitochondrial protein levels between SCNT‐derived and control cattle, and from calves derived by artificial insemination were investigated. Mitochondrial fractions were prepared from frozen liver samples and subjected to two‐dimensional (2‐D) fluorescence differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) using CyDye™ dyes. Protein expression changes were confirmed with a volume ratio greater than 2.0 (P < 0.05). 2D‐DIGE analysis revealed differential expression of three proteins for SCNT cattle (n = 4) and seven proteins for SCNT calves (n = 6) compared to controls (P < 0.05). Different protein patterning was observed among SCNT animals even if animals were generated from the same donor cell source. No differences were detected in two of the SCNT cattle. Moreover, there was no novel protein identified in any of the SCNT cattle or calves. In conclusion, variation in mitochondrial protein expression concentrations was observed in non‐viable, neonatal SCNT calves and among SCNT individuals. This result implicates mitochondrial‐related gene expression in early developmental loss of SCNT embryos. Comparative proteomic analysis represents an important tool for further studies on SCNT animals. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:263–273, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An artificial compressibility CBS method for modelling heat transfer and fluid flow in heterogeneous porous materials
Authors: Malan A. G. , Lewis R. W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis work is concerned with the development of an artificial compressibility version of the characteristic‐based split (CBS) method proposed by Zienkiewicz and Codina (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 1995; 20:869–885). The technique is applied to modelling both forced convection as well as heat transfer and fluid flow through heterogeneous saturated porous materials via an edge‐based finite volume discretization scheme. A volume‐averaged set of local thermal disequilibrium governing equations is employed to describe the general case which allows for the modelling of effects such as wall channelling and wall‐bed radiative heat transfer. The resulting set of coupled non‐linear partial differential equations is solved in a matrix‐free manner with spatial discretization being effected with a compact vertex‐centred finite volume edge‐based discretization scheme. The latter was done in the interest of efficiency and accuracy. The developed scheme is validated via application to problems ranging from forced convection to natural convection in heterogeneous materials, and shown to be stable, robust and accurate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RK‐Slim: embedded Runge–Kutta without the excess baggage
Authors: Canedo Arquimedes , Yoshizawa Takeo , Komatsu Hideaki , Kobayashi Mei 
Published: February 2011

AbstractComputationally demanding scientific simulations require numerical integration of large systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in real time. Runge–Kutta (RK) methods with step‐size control are frequently employed because they are accurate and have short execution times. Computational step sizes can be increased while maintaining accuracy if the error generated during each time step is below a predetermined threshold. However, if the error exceeds the threshold, the time step must be re‐computed using a smaller step‐size. In practice, the re‐computation is unnecessary for most equations in the system because violations of the error tolerance are localized and occur in just a few equations. We present an efficient and accurate method for solving ODEs that exploits these observations on step‐size by eliminating many unnecessary computations in embedded RK methods. We demonstrate how our new method can be a valuable tool for practitioners in the field through simulations with real‐world data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenges of coping with a nationwide television appeal: Norway
Authors: Ellis Gilbert 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFundraising ‘telethons’ are run by many countries, but Norwegian television's annual campaign is a major country‐wide event. In 1995 The Salvation Army in Norway was designated to be the beneficiary and this paper outlines the organisation of its campaign. A greatly enlarged database was necessary and the IT system used for this is described, as is an innovative telephone donation system devised by Telenor. Acknowledgement of donors and their registration on the database was followed up six months later and the responses to this follow‐up are analysed. Conclusions are drawn on the financial results of the campaign.
Giving donors good reason to give again
Authors: Mcgrath Simon 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe donor bases of many charities suffer high lapse rates that both restrict growth and carry a heavy cost in recruitment needed to replace the lost donors. This paper argues that it should be possible to reduce these high lapse rates, based on the experience of businesses that have reduced their lapse rates by giving customers better value. Giving customers good value gives them good reason to come back for more. The paper looks at evidence that donors, like customers, want satisfaction in return for their money. The paper proposes a model of donor value to identify how charities can give donors more for their money, providing a route to reduce lapsing and so improve charity profitability and growth.
Turning data into donations: A predictive model for individual giving
Authors: Toohill Jim , Mullins Lisa , Barclay Jean , Sadnicki Mike 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper describes a predictive model developed by the Royal National Institute for Deaf People (RNID) for the evaluation of donor management strategies. The high cost of acquiring new donors means that effective donor management is essential throughout the charity sector. Early RNID analysis of donor behaviour used conventional sector approaches. This led to the development of a predictive model that uses a statistically determined segmentation system for current donors with responses of the donor base described by a Markov model. The model is used primarily to evaluate the expected rate of return of possible campaign strategies, but there are many other ways in which the approach is of value, both to the RNID and to the charity sector as a whole.
The marketing cycle for a not‐for‐profit
Authors: Brinckerhoff Peter C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMarketing is a process, one with discrete and identifiable steps. This is true for both for‐profit and nonprofit organisations. However, many nonprofits are told what services or products they will provide, thus skipping the crucial first steps in the marketing process. This paper lays out a classical marketing cycle and shows its applications for nonprofit and voluntary organisations. Several examples are discussed.
Not‐for‐profit pressure group work: A marketing analysis of whether to operate solo or in coalition
Authors: Bruce Ian W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPressure (or interest or lobby) group work in charities/not‐for‐profits can benefit from a marketing approach. Product development, other player (competitor) analysis and positioning of the pressure group vis‐à‐vis associated and sometimes competitor organisations or groups are explored, as are the conditions (including advantages and disadvantages) under which solo versus coalition ways of working are likely to be most effective.
Strategic management and fundraising: A planning model for resource development in the nonprofit organisation
Authors: Hanson John H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMany nonprofits can benefit greatly from integrating their strategic, marketing and fundraising planning into an environmentally comprehensive process. Even during this critical period for them, many nonprofits typically have failed to implement this type of integrated planning because their corporate culture often nurtures: an inner process focus, leadership pathologies, professional balkanisation, reluctance to accept advancement as a global organisational activity, an unwillingness to accept the realities of a moving market and a lack of political will to undertake social advocacy on behalf of their clients.In order to succeed in the future, nonprofit organisations will need to approach strategic planning through an interdisciplinary methodology that will be shaped by multiple market audits focusing on: mission and institutional capabilities, image and competitive analysis, philanthropic feasibility and flexible integration of revenue/resource development.Nonprofits that adopt this interdisciplinary process will be rewarded by enhanced fundraising returns, once re‐founded on a culture that has remained mission‐relevant while becoming market‐driven. The nonprofit that bases its planning on more effective use of intelligence gathering and flexible focusing of its human and financial capital will be more capable of acting upon a fluid environment and realising the institution's optimal future.
2‐DOF nonlinear ℋ︁∞ certainty‐equivalent filters (CEFs)
Authors: Aliyu M. D. S. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, a new theory of two‐degrees‐of‐freedom (2hbox − DOF) ℋ︁∞ filters as counterparts of 2‐DOF controllers is presented. The theory is also extended to n − DOF filters which bore strong resemblance to linear finite‐impulse‐response filters and hence generalizes this class of filters to the nonlinear continuous‐time case. Sufficient conditions for the solvability of the filter gains are derived in terms of new Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs equations which do not involve the system states. This is an improvement over earlier results in which the filter gains are functions of the system states. Simulation results are also presented to support the theory. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor DEC1 negatively regulates cyclin D1
Authors: Bhawal Ujjal K , Sato Fuyuki , Arakawa Yuki , Fujimoto Katsumi , Kawamoto Takeshi , Tanimoto Keiji , Ito Yumi , Sasahira Tomonori , Sakurai Takashi , Kobayashi Masaru , Kashima Isamu , Kijima Hiroshi , Kuniyasu Hiroki , Abiko Yoshimitsu , Kato Yukio , Sato Sadao 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDEC1 (also known as Stra13/Bhlhb2/Sharp2) and DEC2 (also known as Bhlhb3/Sharp1) are two paralogous basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcriptional regulators which exhibit a robust circadian gene expression pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and in peripheral organs. DEC1 has been suggested to play key roles in mammalian cell differentiation, the cell cycle and circadian regulation, hypoxia response, and carcinogenesis. Here we show that DEC1 overexpression exhibits delayed wound healing and reduces cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. DEC1 strongly repressed the promoter activity of cyclin D1. We further identify a possible DEC‐response element in the cyclin D1 promoter region, and confirmed the direct binding of DEC1 to that element. Forced expression of DEC1 efficiently repressed the cyclin D1 promoter and expression. Our clinical data provide the first evidence that there is a strong inverse correlation between DEC1 and cyclin D1 expression in oral cancer, and DEC1 expression significantly correlated with clinicopathological parameters. We suggest that radiation‐induced DEC1 overexpression and Akt phosphorylation in cancer cells are mediated via PI‐3K signalling. Overexpression of DEC1 activates the PI‐3K/Akt signalling pathway through reactive oxygen species (ROS). Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.