bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is pT3 urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis a homogeneous disease entity? Proposal for a new subcategory of the pT3 classification
Authors: Sassa Naoto , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Fukatsu Akitoshi , Majima Tsuyoshi , Kimura Tohoru , Nishikimi Toshinori , Yoshino Yasushi , Hattori Ryohei , Gotoh Momokazu 
Published: June 2012

Sassa N, Tsuzuki T, Fukatsu A, Majima T, Kimura T, Nishikimi T, Yoshino Y, Hattori R & Gotoh M (2012) Histopathology61, 620–628Is pT3 urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis a homogeneous disease entity? Proposal for a new subcategory of the pT3 classificationAims:  The prognosis of urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis (UCRP) is heterogeneous, especially in pT3 patients. The degree of tumour parenchymal invasion is not considered for pathological tumour (pT) staging. The aim of this study was to investigate whether quantitative assessment of invasion provides a better estimation of prognosis for UCRP in pT3 patients.Methods and results:  We reclassified pT3 cases into two subcategories: pT3a, in which UCRP extended only into the renal medulla; and pT3b, in which UCRP extended into the renal cortex and/or in which UCRP exhibited peripelvic fat invasion. We examined our proposed pT classification and other pathological parameters, including necrosis, lymph–vascular invasion (LVI), 1973 World Health Organization (WHO) grading, WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology grading, adjuvant chemotherapy, and pathological lymph node metastasis (pN). The study included 275 patients. Among 96 patients with pT3, there was a statistically significant difference between the pT3a and pT3b subcategories in cancer‐specific survival (P < 0.001). Our proposed pT classification, as well as necrosis, LVI, 1973 WHO grading, and pN, demonstrated prognostic differences in univariate analysis, whereas in multivariate analysis, only our proposed classification (P = 0.008) and pN (P = 0.002) were statistically significant.Conclusions:  The pT3b subcategories should be regarded as true pT3, having the established features of that stage, whereas pT3a has a better prognosis.
Sustained sleep fragmentation affects brain temperature, food intake and glucose tolerance in mice
Authors: BAUD MAXIME O. , MAGISTRETTI PIERRE J. , PETIT JEAN‐MARIE 
Published: June 2012

SummarySleep fragmentation is present in numerous sleep pathologies and constitutes a major feature of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. A prevalence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes and obesity has been shown to be associated to obstructive sleep apnea. While sleep fragmentation has been shown to impact sleep homeostasis, its specific effects on metabolic variables are only beginning to emerge. In this context, it is important to develop realistic animal models that would account for chronic metabolic effects of sleep fragmentation. We developed a 14‐day model of instrumental sleep fragmentation in mice, and show an impact on both brain‐specific and general metabolism. We first report that sleep fragmentation increases food intake without affecting body weight. This imbalance was accompanied by the inability to adequately decrease brain temperature during fragmented sleep. In addition, we report that sleep‐fragmented mice develop glucose intolerance. We also observe that sleep fragmentation slightly increases the circadian peak level of glucocorticoids, a factor that may be involved in the observed metabolic effects. Our results confirm that poor‐quality sleep with sustained sleep fragmentation has similar effects on general metabolism as actual sleep loss. Altogether, these results strongly suggest that sleep fragmentation is an aggravating factor for the development of metabolic dysfunctions that may be relevant for sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea.
Genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism analysis reveals recent genetic introgression from domestic pigs into Northwest European wild boar populations
Authors: GOEDBLOED D. J. , MEGENS H.J. , Van HOOFT P. , HERRERO‐MEDRANO J. M. , LUTZ W. , ALEXANDRI P. , CROOIJMANS R. P. M. A. , GROENEN M. , Van WIEREN S. E. , YDENBERG R. C. , PRINS H. H. T. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPresent‐day genetic introgression from domestic pigs into European wild boar has been suggested in various studies. However, no hybrids have been identified beyond doubt mainly because available methods were unable to quantify the extent of introgression and rule out natural processes. Genetic introgression from domestic pigs may have far‐reaching ecological consequences by altering traits like the reproduction rate or immunology of wild boar. In this study, we demonstrate a novel approach to investigate genetic introgression in a Northwest (NW) European wild boar data set using a genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay developed for domestic pigs. We quantified the extent of introgression using allele frequency spectrum analysis, in silico hybridization simulations and genome distribution patterns of introgressed SNPs. Levels of recent introgression in the study area were expected to be low, as pig farming practices are prevailingly intensive and indoors. However, evidence was found for geographically widespread presence of domestic pig SNPs in 10% of analysed wild boar. This was supported by the identification of two different pig mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in three of the identified hybrid wild boar, suggesting that introgression had occurred from multiple sources (pig breeds). In silico hybridization simulations showed that the level of introgression in the identified hybrid wild boar is equivalent to first‐generation hybrids until fifth‐generation backcrosses with wild boar. The distribution pattern of introgressed SNPs supported these assignments in four of nine hybrids. The other five hybrids are considered advanced‐generation hybrids, resulting from interbreeding among hybrid individuals. Three of nine hybrids were genetically associated with a different wild boar population than the one in which they were sampled. This discrepancy suggests that genetic introgression has occurred through the escape or release of an already hybridized farmed wild boar stock. We conclude that genetic introgression from domestic pigs into NW European wild boar populations is more recent and more common than expected and that genome‐wide SNP analysis is a promising tool to quantify recent hybridization in free‐living populations.
Post‐translational regulation of acid invertase activity by vacuolar invertase inhibitor affects resistance to cold‐induced sweetening of potato tubers
Authors: MCKENZIE MARIAN J. , CHEN RONAN K. Y. , HARRIS JOHN C. , ASHWORTH MATTHEW J. , BRUMMELL DAVID A. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTCold‐induced sweetening (CIS) is a serious post‐harvest problem for potato tubers, which need to be stored cold to prevent sprouting and pathogenesis in order to maintain supply throughout the year. During storage at cold temperatures (below 10 °C), many cultivars accumulate free reducing sugars derived from a breakdown of starch to sucrose that is ultimately cleaved by acid invertase to produce glucose and fructose. When affected tubers are processed by frying or roasting, these reducing sugars react with free asparagine by the Maillard reaction, resulting in unacceptably dark‐coloured and bitter‐tasting product and generating the probable carcinogen acrylamide as a by‐product. We have previously identified a vacuolar invertase inhibitor (INH2) whose expression correlates both with low acid invertase activity and with resistance to CIS. Here we show that, during cold storage, overexpression of the INH2 vacuolar invertase inhibitor gene in CIS‐susceptible potato tubers reduced acid invertase activity, the accumulation of reducing sugars and the generation of acrylamide in subsequent fry tests. Conversely, suppression of vacuolar invertase inhibitor expression in a CIS‐resistant line increased susceptibility to CIS. The results show that post‐translational regulation of acid invertase by the vacuolar invertase inhibitor is an important component of resistance to CIS.
Gene expression patterns underlying changes in xylem structure and function in response to increased nitrogen availability in hybrid poplar
Authors: PLAVCOVÁ LENKA , HACKE UWE G. , ALMEIDA‐RODRIGUEZ ADRIANA M. , LI ERYANG , DOUGLAS CARL J. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTNitrogen availability has a strong influence on plant growth and development. In this study, we examined the effect of nitrogen availability on xylogenesis in hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa × deltoides H11‐11). Saplings of hybrid poplar were fertilized for 33 d with either high or adequate levels of ammonium nitrate. We observed enhanced radial growth, wider vessels and fibres and thinner fibre walls in the secondary xylem of high N relative to adequate N plants. These anatomical differences translated into altered hydraulic properties with xylem being more transport efficient but also more vulnerable to drought‐induced cavitation in high N plants. The changes in xylem structure and function were associated with differences in gene expression as revealed by the transcriptome analysis of the developing xylem region. We found 388 genes differentially expressed (fold change ±1.5, P‐value ≤ 0.05), including a number of genes putatively involved in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism and various aspects of xylem cell differentiation. Several genes encoding known transcriptional regulators of secondary cell wall deposition were down‐regulated in high N plants, corresponding with thinner secondary cell walls in these plants. The results of this study provide us with gene candidates potentially affecting xylem hydraulic and structural traits.
The HLA‐DRB1 gene and Graves disease in Taiwanese children: a case‐control and family‐based study
Authors: Wu Y.‐L. , Chang T.‐Y. , Chu C.‐C. , Huang C.‐Y. , Lo F.‐S. , Ting W.‐H. , Lin C.‐H. , Lin M. , Chiu P.‐C. , Lin C.‐L. , Chen W.‐F. , Lee Y.‐J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGraves disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disease with a female preponderance and a wide range of ages at onset, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene plays a primary role in the susceptibility to GD. We aim to investigate the associations between HLA‐DRB1 alleles and Taiwanese children with GD by both case‐control and family‐based studies. A total of 241 unrelated children with GD, 539 healthy controls, 115 trios of affected patients and their parents, and 121 trios of unaffected siblings and their parents were recruited. HLA‐DRB1 genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction and sequence‐based typing assays. We found that DRB1*09:01 (OR = 2.60, 95% CI 2.02–3.35, Pc = 6.55 × 10−13) was associated with GD risk, while DRB1*12:02 (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.20–0.53, Pc = 4.55 × 10−5) was protective against GD. Transmission/disequilibrium test further confirmed an overtransmission of the DRB1*09:01 (OR 3.37, 95% CI 2.13–6.22, Pc = 1.0 × 10−5) and an undertransmission of the DRB1*12:02 (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.42, Pc = 1.7 × 10−3). The findings were similar in females when stratified by gender. In conclusion, our results clearly identify that HLA‐DRB1*09:01 confers susceptibility to GD and DRB1*12:02 exerts protection against GD development in Taiwanese children.
Bone Morphology of the Hind Limbs in Two Caviomorph Rodents
Authors: de Araújo F. A. P. , Sesoko N. F. , Rahal S. C. , Teixeira C. R. , Müller T. R. , Machado M. R. F. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryIn order to evaluate the hind limbs of caviomorph rodents a descriptive analysis of the
Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766) and
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766) was performed using anatomical specimens, radiography, computed tomography (CT) and full‐coloured prototype models to generate bone anatomy data. The appendicular skeleton of the two largest rodents of Neotropical America was compared with the previously reported anatomical features of
Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) and domestic
Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758). The structures were analyzed macroscopically and particular findings of each species reported. Features including the presence of articular fibular projection and lunulae were observed in the stifle joint of all rodents. Imaging aided in anatomical description and, specifically in the identification of bone structures in
Cuniculus paca and
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris. The imaging findings were correlated with the anatomical structures observed. The data may be used in future studies comparing these animals to other rodents and mammalian species.
Altered Prey Responses in Round Goby from Contaminated Sites
Authors: Marentette Julie R. , Balshine Sigal 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAlthough prey must move to forage, escape predation or gain information about predation risk, movement itself enhances the risk of predation by increasing visibility of prey and encounter rates with predators. Animals subjected to stressors often show altered behaviour; a widely cited effect of contaminant exposure is an increase in vulnerability to predation, which may be mediated by an increase in risky behaviour. Round goby are invasive fish that typically rely on crypsis and sheltering (low‐activity behaviours) to avoid predators. We collected round goby from contaminated sites and tested whether they showed signs of altered risk‐taking compared with fish from a less contaminated reference site. We subjected the fish to a simulated predation event (a motor‐operated model bass) under both diurnal and nocturnal conditions. Fish from contaminated sites showed lower overall activity levels, but also failed to reduce activity following an attack, unlike fish from the reference site. The intensity of effects varied with diel period. Males, but not females, from contaminated sites showed reduced likelihood of darting during an attack, while females, but not males, from contaminated sites were less likely to approach the predator. Sex differences in round goby risk‐taking may reflect sex‐specific selection pressures on activities promoting predation risk. With the exception of post‐attack activity, round goby from contaminated sites generally showed signs of reduced risk‐taking. If contaminant exposure increases goby vulnerability to predators, it may be occurring through behavioural mechanisms other than impacts on risky prey responses.
Mating Group Size and Stability in Reindeer Rangifer tarandus: The Effects of Male Characteristics, Sex Ratio and Male Age Structure
Authors: L'Italien Léon , Weladji Robert B. , Holand Øystein , Røed Knut H. , Nieminen Mauri , Côté Steeve D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn polygynous mating systems, males compete intensely for mates and may mate several females during a single reproductive season. Accordingly, factors influencing the ability of males to control a larger number of females during the breeding season can provide information on the processes underlying sexual selection. In ungulates, age, body mass and social rank are considered good predictors of the reproductive success of males, but how male age structure and sex ratio in the population influence mating group (MG) dynamics has received little empirical testing. Between 1996 and 2005, we manipulated male age‐ and sex structure and monitored MG dynamics in a reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) population. We investigated the influence of male characteristics, percentage of males and male age structure on MG size and stability. We found that males with higher social rank (that were also older and heavier) controlled larger MGs (therefore had greater mating opportunities) and had more stable MGs (corresponding to a higher ability to maintain and control females) than males of lower social rank. Moreover, MG size and MG stability decreased as the percentage of males in the population increased, most likely resulting from greater male–male competition and increased female movements. Male age structure did not influence MG stability. Given the positive relationship between mating success and MG size (and likely MG stability), frequent female movements and intense competition among males to control females seem to be the principal components of reindeer MGs dynamic.
Spatial Group Structure as Potential Mechanism to Maintain Cooperation in Fish Shoals of Unrelated Individuals
Authors: Cisarovsky Gabriel , Bshary Andrea , Bouzelboudjen Mahmoud , Bshary Redouan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn public goods games, group members share the benefits created through individual investments. If benefits are shared equally, individual contributions readily become altruistic, and hence, a social dilemma arises in which group interests and individual interests oppose each other. However, contributions to public goods can be self‐serving if each investor gains a disproportionate benefit from its own contribution. This scenario may hold for our study system, the interactions of shoaling‐unrelated scalefin anthiasPseudanthias squamipinnisand the ectoparasitic blennyPlagiotremus tapeinosoma. The blenny bites off pieces of skin, mucus and scales from anthias that in return may chase the blenny. Chasing the blenny represents a public good as it makes the parasite change victim species for its next attack. Laboratory experiments using artificial Plexiglas hosts suggest that one reason why individuals contribute to the public good is that the blenny may specialise on non‐punishing ‘free‐riders’. Here, we investigated how far a spatial structure within the shoal and limited space use by the blenny may contribute to punishment being self‐serving. Field observation reveals that anthias indeed live in spatially structured groups and that blennies have preferred areas for attacks. Thus, some anthias individuals are consistently more exposed to blennies than others and hence may gain disproportional benefits from their punishment. In conclusion, spatial structure may contribute to the maintenance of punishment in blenny–anthias interactions even when groups are large.
For Love or Money? The Influence of Personal Resources and Environmental Resource Pressures on Human Mate Preferences
Authors: Anderson Rindy C. , Klofstad Casey A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA growing body of evidence shows that human mating preferences, like those of other animal species, can vary geographically. For example, women living in areas with a high cost of living have been shown to seek potential mates that can provide resources (e.g., large salaries). In this study, we present data from a large (N = 2944) nationally representative (United States) sample of Internet dating profiles. The profiles allowed daters’ to report their own income and the minimum income they desired in a dating partner, and we analyzed these data at the level of zip code. Our analysis shows that women engage in more resource seeking than men. We also find a positive relationship between cost of living in the dater's zip code and resource seeking among both men and women. Importantly, however, this relationship disappears if one's own income is accounted for in the analysis; that is, individuals of both sexes seek mates with an income similar to their own, regardless of local resource pressures. Our data highlight the importance of considering individual characteristics when measuring the effects of environmental factors on behavior.
Validation of an allele‐specific marker associated with dehydration stress tolerance in a core set of foxtail millet accessions
Authors: Lata Charu , Prasad Manoj 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDehydration responsive element binding (DREB) genes play an important role in improving and enhancing stress tolerance of plants in response to abiotic stresses by interacting with DRE/CRT cis‐ element present in the promoter region of various stress‐responsive genes. Thus, characterization of these genes and development of functional markers for effective alleles is important for crop improvement programmes. Identification of a synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism associated with dehydration tolerance at 558th bp (an A/G transition) in the SiDREB2 gene of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) and development of an allele‐specific marker (ASM) has previously been reported by us. Here, we report on validation of the ASM in a core set of 170 foxtail millet accessions through single‐marker regression analysis. The regression of lipid peroxidation (LP) on the ASM suggested that the SiDREB2 associated trait contributed to 27.18% of the total variation in LP among the 170 accessions indicating it to be a major QTL for dehydration tolerance. Thus, this ASM can be used for marker‐aided breeding and allele‐mining for dehydration tolerance in foxtail millet.
Enhancing doubled haploid production efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) by in vivo colchicine manipulations in Imperata cylindrica‐mediated chromosome elimination approach
Authors: Tayeng Tisu , Chaudhary Harinder Kumar , Kishore Naval 
Published: June 2012

With 1 figure and 5 tablesAbstractColchicine doses ranging from 100 to 10 000 ppm with and without 2, 4‐D application were administered in vivo to the uppermost internodes of Imperata cylindrica‐pollinated wheat plants at various intervals for assessing the potent concentration required for doubling of chromosomes. Although injection of single dose of colchicine concentration ranging from 2000 to 5000 ppm at 48 h after pollination yielded good response, 2000 ppm was found to be the most effective and economically viable dose of colchicine for DH production. Very high doses have also responded to the doubling of the chromosomes, but the recovery of the embryos and regenerated plantlets was very poor. The doubling of the chromosomes was confirmed cytologically from the roots of the regenerated plantlets. The results of this study not only enhanced the production efficiency of DHs but also saved the time and energy required for the chromosome doubling in the haploid embryo‐regenerated plantlets. These results bear far‐reaching implications in the accelerated genetic upgradation of bread wheat and development of homozygous populations for mapping of targeted genes.
QTL underlying developmental behaviour of 100‐seed weight of soybean
Authors: Han Yingpeng , Xie Dongwei , Teng Weili , Sun Jian , Li Wenbin 
Published: June 2012

With 4 tablesAbstractThe objective of this study was to determine QTL underlying seed weight from earlier developmental stage to postharvest in soybean, using a F5:8‐derived recombinant inbred line (RIL) (n = 125) population. Twenty‐three unconditional QTL and 17 conditional QTL associated with seed weight were identified in different developmental stages in 2008 and 2009. Four conditional QTL QSW J‐1 (on LG J, Gm 16), QSWF‐1(on LG F, Gm 13), QSWK‐2 (on LG K, Gm 9) and QSWA2‐2 (on LG A2, Gm 8) were identified across multiple stages and the two years. Fifteen QTL with conditional additive main effect (a) and/or conditional additive ×environment interaction effect (ae) at certain stages were identified. Of them, seven conditional QTL possessed significant additive main effect (a), and ten conditional QTL had significant ae effects. Twenty‐six epistatic pairwise QTL (aae) were identified in different developmental stages. Eleven pairs showed aa effect, and twelve pairs showed aae effect in different developmental stages.