bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodological approaches to assessing the digitalisation of public administration and public services
Authors: Mikhulya Denis Yu. 
Published: June 2024

Subject. Digitalisation is a global trend in the evolution and transformation of public administration systems. The developed methodological approaches, which allow assessing the effectiveness of this process and determining its impact on the socio-economic dynamics of states, strive to catch up with the rapid development of modern information and communication technologies. What is more, the government often acts as a driving force for the introduction of these technologies. The existing international, national, and regional methods of assessment are based on criteria and indicators which depend on the analytical purposes. Such criteria are developed within different databases and focus on different aspects of the digitalisation of public administration. It is important to analyse and monitor the outcomes and conditions of digital processes in public administration as well as the demand for them. Such analysis and motoring contribute to information management required for the implementation of other state functions.Objectives. The research is aimed at achieving the following research objectives: to analyse the state of the existing system of assessment of digitalisation in the area of public administration with due account of current assessment trends, to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods, to develop an original approach to their classification, and to search for optimisation opportunities. Methodology. The dialectical method and the methods of analysis and synthesis were used to achieve these objectives. The study is based on the contemporary achievements in the methods for assessing the digitalisation of public administration described in relevant research papers and regulations.Conclusions. The peculiarities of existing methods for assessing the digitalisation of public administration are due to both the peculiarities of the analysed object and the needs of the users of the analytical information. In this regard, we propose an original classification of assessment approaches, which consists of the following groups of methods: methods that assess the digitalisation conditions (group 1), the results of digitalisation in terms of available public services (group 2) and in terms of satisfaction of the main stakeholders: the public, businesses, state bodies, government agencies, and their employees (group 3). As a way of optimisation, it was considered whether it would be relevant to include indicators of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in public administration.
Сравнительный анализ опыта введения налога на цифровые услуги в зарубежных странах
Authors: Ponomareva Karina 
Published: June 2024

Отношения в сфере налогообложения подвержены серьезным изменениям, обусловленным новыми вызовами, поскольку выступают непосредственным следствием экономической активности субъектов хозяйствования. Проблемы, возникающие при налогообложении деятельности цифровых компаний за рубежом, являются характерными и актуальными для России. В настоящее время международная налоговая координация не может отождествляться лишь с традиционными соглашениями об избежании двойного налогообложения. Многие юрисдикции начали формулировать односторонние правила налогообложения цифровой экономики. Несогласованность этих правил, вероятно, увеличит налоговое бремя на ряд транснациональных корпораций, так как каждое государство стремится защитить свои интересы. Необходимость обеспечить в таких условиях соблюдение фискальных интересов государства как в ближайшие годы, так и в долгосрочном периоде, требует трансформации сущностных подходов к нормативно-правовому регулированию системы налогов и сборов, принципов налогообложения, элементов налогообложения, налогового администрирования. Данное исследование направлено на определение фундаментальных теоретических подходов к правовому обеспечению фискальных интересов государства в условиях цифровой трансформации экономики, а также разработку рекомендаций по созданию эффективной модели правового регулирования налогообложения цифровых услуг в России. Необходимо выявить, являются ли правила налогообложения цифровых компаний и услуг существенно отличными от правил налогообложения традиционных предприятий. Кроме того, в статье прослежена трансформация подходов к самой категории цифровой услуги, к разграничению товаров и услуг в эпоху цифровой экономики: если раньше программное обеспечение рассматривалось как товар при реализации на бумажном носителе, то сегодня аналогичная категория признается услугой, поскольку ее оказание не требует физического носителя. В статье выявлены правовые вызовы фискальным интересам российского государства, связанные с изменениями в формах и инструментах международного регулирования налогообложения прибыли цифровых бизнес-моделей и развития односторонних налоговых мер как альтернативы этим проектам. Рассмотрены этапы формирования законодательства о налогообложении цифровых услуг в зарубежных странах. На основании сравнительно-правового анализа законодательства государств, в которых введены цифровые налоги, разработаны возможные сценарии развития налогового регулирования в России.
The Relationship between Resilience and Learning Motivation Students
Authors: Луговская М.Ю. , Маштакова Н.С. 
Published: June 2024

Обосновывается актуальность исследований, направленных на поиск способов повышения эффективности процесса обучения, успешности обучающихся. Рассматривается взаимосвязь жизнестойкости и учебной мотивации студентов вузов. Гипотезой исследования выступает тезис о том, что между этими конструктами имеются корреляции: повышая жизнестойкость, можно повышать учебную мотивацию обучающихся. Делается вывод о наличии многочисленных искомых корреляций, их характере. Отмечается перспективность разработки психологической программы воздействия на развитие жизнестойкости у студентов.
The relevance of research aimed at finding ways to increase the efficiency of the learning process and the success of students is substantiated. The relationship between resilience and educational motivation of university students is considered. The hypothesis of the study is the thesis that there are correlations between these constructs: by increasing resilience, it is possible to increase the educational motivation of students. A conclusion is made about the presence of numerous desired correlations and their nature. The prospects of developing a psychological program to influence the development of resilience in students are noted.
Creation of a System of Exercises Aimed at Teaching Speaking Russian in Chinese Universities
Authors: Гун C. 
Published: June 2024

Рассмотрены трудности, с которыми сталкиваются студенты китайских вузов при развитии навыков говорения на русском языке. Описываются особенности обучения говорению данной категории обучающихся, использования распространенных в Китае учебников по русскому языку. Приводятся предложения по отбору и составлению упражнений на развитие навыков говорения, подчеркивается большое значение создания системы упражнений. Делается вывод об эффективности предлагаемой системы упражнений.
The difficulties faced by Chinese university students in developing speaking skills in Russian are considered. The features of teaching speaking to this category of students and the use of general Russian language textbooks in China are described. Suggestions are given for selecting and designing exercises for the development of speaking skills, and the great importance of creating a system of exercises is emphasized. A conclusion is drawn about the effectiveness of the proposed exercise system.
A Corpus-Based Lexical Coverage of Coursebooks in Nigeria: A Case Study
Authors: Haruna Hamisu Hamisu , Tajuddin Azza Jauhar Ahmad , Bashir Ibrahim 
Published: June 2024

Since vocabulary is one of the most important components of reading comprehension, the relationship between the two has been studied in great detail. The significance of this relationship lies in the fact that learners' vocabulary size and the degree of coverage of the word families of the intended content are closely correlated with their ability to understand the context and the text. This study examined the lexical coverage of a corpus of 6,802,300 words from the first-year course books of the National Open University of Nigeria. With Anthony's AntWordProfiler software, we analyzed the lexical coverage of the corpus using the Lexical Frequency Profiling approach. The current study used Nation's (2012) BNC/COCA to determine the necessary vocabulary size for course book comprehension. The corpus study revealed that in order to reach 95% and 98% of the entire course book corpus, respectively, 5000 and 11000 word-families were required. However, vocabulary size needed for comprehension of each disciplinary field varied greatly, with the hard sciences having a significantly higher lexical demand as compared to the other fields. This means that students need a larger vocabulary to interact with and understand the course books, especially in the hard sciences. It therefore recommended that materials writers and instructors consider the specific disciplinary vocabulary needs in course books. Similarly, due to disciplinary differences, more specific instructions and glossaries are needed for first-year university students to have a better understanding of course books, especially hard science course books. The study demonstrated the significance of corpus-based approaches in the analysis of language learning materials. Overall, the study underlined the importance of sufficient vocabulary for reading comprehension.
Isotopic (Nd, Sr, Pb) Composition of the Permo–Triassic and Late Cretaceous Basaltoids in the Minusa Depression (Southern Siberia, Kop’evo Uplift): Heterogeneity of Mantle Sources of Mafic Magmas
Authors: Vrublevskii V.V. , Chugaev A.V. , Tishin P.A. , Kotel’nikov A.D. , Izokh A.E. , Kazenova F. , Kremer I.O. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
—We have studied the isotopic composition of Nd, Sr, and Pb in Permo–Triassic subalkaline dolerites and Late Cretaceous basanites of the northern part of the Minusa depression. The wide variations in the primary isotope parameters of dolerites (ɛNd = 6.6–8.5, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7031–0.7061, 206Pb/204Pb = 18.13–18.72, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.51–15.55, 208Pb/204Pb = 37.88–38.07) and basanites (εNd = 5.3–9, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7026–0.7054, 206Pb/204Pb = 18.63–19.09, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.54–15.56, 208Pb/204Pb = 38.40–39.01) indicate both heterogeneity of mantle mafic melts and their partial crust contamination. Doleritic magma was presumably generated predominantly from a substance from a moderately depleted mantle source, which is similar in isotopic composition to the PREMA component of sublithospheric plumes. The basanitic magma might have formed through the melting of the material of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle modified as a result of plume activity in the Paleozoic–early Mesozoic. The similar isotopic compositions of Pb in basanites and the derivates of the enriched lithospheric mantle (EM 2 type) are due to the mixing of different substances of the SCLM substratum.
A remote sensing target detection model based on lightweight feature enhancement and feature refinement extraction
Authors: Guo Dongen , Zhou Zhuoke , Guo Fengshuo , Jia Chaoxin , Huang xiaohong , Feng Jiangfan , Shen zhen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Remote sensing image (RSI) target detection methods based on traditional multi scale feature fusion (MSFF) have achieved great success. However, the traditional MSFF method significantly increases the computational cost during model training and inference, and the simple fusion operation may lead to the semantic confusion of the feature map, which cannot realize the refined extraction of features by the model. In order to reduce the computational effort associated with the MSFF operation and to enable the features in the feature map to present an accurate, fine-grained distribution, we propose a single-stage detection model(RS-YOLO). Our main additions to RS-YOLO are a computationally smaller and faster QS-E-ELEN (Quick and Small E-ELEN) module and a feature refinement extraction (FRE) module. In the QS-E-ELEN module We utilize QSBlock,jump-join, and convolution operations to fuse features on different scales and reduce the computational effort of the model by exploiting the similarity of the RSI feature map channels. In order for the model to better utilize the enhanced features, FRE makes the feature mapping of the target to be detected in the RSI accurate and refined. By conducting experiments on the popular NWPU-VHR- 10 and SSDD datasets, we derive results that show that RS-YOLO outperforms most mainstream models in terms of the trade-off between accuracy and speed. Specifically, in terms of accuracy, it improves 1.6% and 1.7% compared to the current state-of-the-art models, respectively. At the same time, RS-YOLO reduces the number of parameters and computational effort.
An improved peridynamics topology optimization formulation for compliance minimization
Authors: Vieira Francisco S. , Araújo Aurélio L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This work proposes an improved peridynamics density-based topology optimization framework for compliance minimization. One of the main advantages of using a peridynamics discretization relies in the fact that it provides a consistent regularization of classical continuum mechanics into a nonlocal continuum, thus containing an inherent length scale called the horizon. Furthermore, this reformulation allows for discontinuities and is highly suitable for treating fracture and crack propagation. Partial differential equations are rewritten as integrodifferential equations and its numerical implementation can be straightforwardly done using meshfree collocation, inheriting its advantages. In the optimization formulation, Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) is used as interpolation for the design variables. To improve the peridynamic formulation and to evaluate the objective function in a energetically consistent manner, surface correction is implemented. Moreover, a detailed sensitivity analysis reveals an analytical expression for the objective function derivatives, different from the one used in the literature, providing an important basis for gradient-based topology optimization with peridynamics. The proposed implementation is studied with two examples illustrating different characteristics of this framework. The analytical expression for the sensitivities is validated against a reference solution, providing an improvement over the existent expression in the literature. Also, the effect of using the surface correction is evidenced. An extensive analysis of the horizon size and sensitivity filter radius indicates that the current method is mesh independent, i.e. a sensitivity filter is redundant since peridynamics intrinsically filters length scales with the horizon. Different optimization methods are also tested for uncracked and cracked structures, demonstrating the capabilities and robustness of the proposed framework.
The impact of different treatments on thromboelastography and other conventional parameters in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Ren Wenqin , Chen Hao , Huang Yujie , Zuo Jiaqian , Shu Xinyan , Shu Peng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
To comprehend the effects of diverse therapeutic interventions on thromboelastography (TEG) and conventional coagulation parameters among individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer, this study aims to explore the clinical relevance of both thromboelastography and conventional coagulation metrics in evaluating coagulation function and predicting the incidence of thrombotic and hemorrhagic events in patients with colorectal cancer.
Methods
A cohort of 122 patients with colorectal cancer retrospectively recruited and divided into 2 groups: those undergoing surgical intervention (operation group) and those not subjected to surgery (non-operation group). According to the different types of treatment they received, the operation group was divided into chemotherapy-only group and a group receiving a combination of targeted therapy and chemotherapy,.Blood samples were collected on admission and subjected to coagulation parameter assessment,including conventional coagulation tests and thromboelastography(TEG) assessment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to predict the occurrence of complications in patients with colorectal cancer.
Results
Compared with the operation group,the non-operation group showed significant reductions in reaction time(R-time) and kinetics time(K-time),and significant elevation in angle, maximum amplitude (MA),fibrinogen and platelets.Patients receiving targeted therapy and chemotherapy had lower angle and maximum amplitude and higher R-time and K-time,activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen.The area under the curve for TEG in patients without treatment was 0.802.The area under the curve for TEG and conventional coagulation parameters were 0.654 and 0.660 respectively.
Conclusion
Diverse treatments distinctly impact on the coagulation indicators of individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer.The coagulation parameters observed in patients prior to operation suggest a hypercoagulable state. Nevertheless, following postoperative chemotherapy and targeted therapy, this hypercoagulable state demonstrates a notable improvement, occasionally leading to a propensity for hypocoagulation. The findings of this investigation underscore the unique clinical importance of thromboelastography (TEG) alongside traditional coagulation parameters, demonstrating that these diagnostic tools possess complementary value and cannot be substituted interchangeably.
Evaluating Right and Left Eye Asymmetry in Monochromatic Fundus Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Park Shin Hyeong , Kang Tae Seen , Kim Min Jee , Kim Bum Jun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), we attempted to discriminate right and left fundus images of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), blue autofluorescence (BAF), and infrared reflectance (IR).
Methods
We prepared sets of 36,169 RNFL images, 4,695 BAF images, and 4,420 IR images. We evaluated each image set with three tests. Test 1 compared unmodified right and left fundus images. Test 2 compared right and flipped left images. Test 3 compared only left images that were divided randomly into two subsets.
Results
In Test 1, CNNs showed high accuracy for the RNFL, BAF, and IR sets (accuracy 100%, 99.74%, and 100%, respectively). In Test 2, the RNFL and IR sets showed high accuracy (97.93% and 95.84%, respectively), while the BAF set had relatively low accuracy (66.15%). In Test 3, the CNNs did not classify the images correctly.
Conclusion
We confirmed that CNNs could distinguish monochromatic images of the right and left fundus, even after horizontal flipping. This asymmetry could result in bias in CNN models. Therefore, asymmetry between the right and left fundus should be considered when developing a CNN model.
Spatio-temporal evolution, exposure and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in China’s farmland soils
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Rizwan , Bai Longlong , Li Penghan , Huang Chenhao , Zhang Ruyi , Elbeltagi Ahmed , Farooqi Zia Ur Rehman , Deng Jinsong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Widespread contamination of Chinese farmland soils by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) may pose emerging threats to food safety and human health. However, comprehensive nationwide investigations of pollution levels, trends and health risks are lacking. In this study, data from major agricultural regions across 10 Chinese provinces from 2007 to 2021 was analyzed to assess the concentrations of 8 key PTEs (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn)) and determine spatial patterns, temporal accumulation, and current and future human health risks. The results showed that the average concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and As were 2.69, 2.47, 1.49, 1.14, 1.01 0.93, 0.89, and 0.89 times greater than their corresponding background values in China. Spatio-temporal analysis revealed increasing As pollution over time across provinces, with some areas reaching moderate-high pollution status. The geo-accumulation and pollution indices identified Cd, Hg, and Pb as the most heavily contaminated elements, with ingestion being the major exposure pathway increasing non-cancer and carcinogenic hazards. The study provided a baseline inventory of PTEs accumulation in Chinese farmland soils and evidence of potential health risks to guide priority areas for pollution control and soil remediation nationwide.
The Experience of transition preparation for children and adolescents with mental disorders in China: A Qualitative study
Authors: Miao Yingying , Li Juan , Wang Jihong , Xu Hui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and objectives:
Adolescence marks a significant transition from pediatric to adult health care, during which children and adolescents with mental disorders may encounter unique needs and challenges. However, there is limited understanding of the experiences, perspectives, and needs of children and adolescents with mental disorders during the transition of healthcare, particularly in non-English-speaking countries.
Methods
To gain a deeper understanding of the transition preparation experience for mental disorders in children and adolescents in the People's Republic of China, we conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with 15 children and adolescents diagnosed with mental disorders, employing interpretive phenomenological analysis.
Findings:
This study sheds light on the unique obstacles and needs encountered by children and adolescents with mental disorders during the transitional period. Our analysis identified five overarching themes: Discrepancy between transitional awareness and action; Gaps in Transitional Care During the Transformation Process; Multidimensional needs in transitional care; Contradiction between desire for self-Management of illness and limited capacity; Dual attributes of family support.
Conclusions
Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the transitional experiences of adolescents with psychiatric disorders in China. The current state of transition readiness among this population is concerning, highlighting multifaceted dilemmas and diverse needs. Notably, we offer novel insights into the "dual" nature of family support, emphasizing both its motivating and obstructive aspects. These insights underscore the pivotal importance of developing tailored transition interventions that cater to the individual needs of adolescents. Such tailored approaches are crucial for facilitating smoother transitions to adult healthcare systems, ensuring continuity of care and improved patient outcomes.