bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The financial crisis and the haphazard pursuit of financial crime
Authors: Tomasic Roman 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe financial crisis has been something of a turning point in the regulatory response to financial crime around the world. The failure of light‐handed regulation and risk assessment by both industry and regulators made the operation of financial regulatory agencies almost untenable, often leading to calls for their replacement by more effective agencies. The purpose of this paper is to assess the nature of this regulatory challenge.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses some of the case studies that have emerged from the dark side of regulatory and enforcement policies in recent times.FindingsA culture of minimal regulation of financial markets meant that many undesirable practices (such as insider trading, foreign corrupt practices, tax avoidance, money laundering and other frauds) were able to avoid detection until public outrage led to regulatory and prosecutorial agencies being prompted into action following the collapse of financial markets.Research limitations/implicationsMore detailed studies of particular institutions will be necessary; this will become possible as the current financial crisis subsides.Originality/valueThis paper explores some of the factors behind this state of affairs and makes policy recommendation in regard to the need for more effective internal controls and monitoring measures within the modern financial corporation.
Financial crime in business organizations: an empirical study
Authors: Gottschalk Petter , Solli‐Sæther Hans 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this empirical study of financial crime in business organizations is to create insights into management competence, applications of information technology and use of information sources to combat financial crime.Design/methodology/approachThis empirical research was carried out by a web‐based questionnaire combined with a letter to the largest business organizations in Norway.FindingsExecutives demonstrate competence in crime prevention by introducing control mechanisms and reporting routines. However, when suspicion of crime occurs, executives are not competent in carrying out interviews, investigate documents and find electronic evidence.Practical implicationsExecutives need to focus less on routines and regulations and more on information sources and knowledge management.Originality/valueBoth descriptive statistics as well as correlation analysis in this paper provide new insights into the extent of financial crime, as well as competence, information sources and systems in a developed economy such as Norway.
The Sallie Rohrbach story: lessons for auditors and fraud examiners
Authors: Perri Frank S. , Brody Richard G. 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand workplace violence risk factors linked to fraud detection and safeguards professionals can implement to reduce such risk.Design/methodology/approachSources of information consisted of published news media, scholarly articles, and articles retrieved from the web.FindingsFindings suggest that there may be an underestimation by anti‐fraud professionals as to the possibility of a white‐collar criminal resorting to violence to prevent his or her fraud schemes from being detected and disclosed.Practical implicationsThe paper represents a useful guide for anti‐fraud professionals to incorporate into their practice by considering workplace risk factors and solutions to mitigate such risks.Originality/valueThis paper serves to educate anti‐fraud professionals to recognize workplace violence risk factors, the behavioral traits of violent white‐collar criminals, and the steps they can take to mitigate such risks.
Manipulating perceived risk to deter and disrupt counterfeiters
Authors: Reynolds David 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the benefits of alternative, business‐based approaches to tackling the trade in counterfeit goods.Design/methodology/approachThe findings in the paper are based on over six years of personal experience in the brand protection business, on top of over 20 years operational experience dealing with organized crime topics. The conclusions are also based on assessments drawing on a large body of intelligence on the operations, business practices, and vulnerabilities of counterfeiters and the relative impact of anti‐counterfeiting programs.FindingsA careful understanding of the trade in counterfeits reveals a number of vulnerabilities in the business model that can be exploited to disrupt or deter the counterfeiters. In particular, sales brokers often see the smallest profit margins, survive hand to mouth, and put themselves at risk by directly touting sales of counterfeits to persons they do not know over the internet and in face‐to‐face meetings. They offer a natural entry point to the business for both intelligence collection and targeted seizures and influence campaigns. These campaigns can and should exploit both the lack of means to mitigate counter‐party risk and the natural distrust seen among participants in criminal businesses. Raising the perception of costs and risks only slightly can prompt counterfeiters to move away from certain brands and industries, sometimes permanently. A means to measure the effectiveness of such influence campaigns for a company is possible using a metric that takes into account the impact of disruption and targeted seizures leading to an estimate of recovered potential sales.Originality/valueThe approach detailed in the paper is unique and has not been successfully pursued and fully exploited by any firm or organization charged with tackling the trade in counterfeits.
The makings of a statement: accounting for employee health
Authors: Holmgren Caicedo Mikael , Mårtensson Maria 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how the idea of health statements is constructed and on what assumptions it rests.Design/methodology/approachPublished health statements from the Swedish municipality of Umeå are analysed in terms of the rhetoric of the arguments that are presented. This is done in order to identify the assumptions the arguments rest on.FindingsAlthough no empirical proof is provided, the arguments presented in the health statements of Umeå municipality follow a logic that goes from success factors to good results via employee health and satisfaction as a proxy of internal quality of work that in turn is assumed to create good quality of service. The construction of that logic is concomitantly the production and reproduction of a moral system of values that rest on the ambiguousness and implicitness.Originality/valueA discussion about the assumptions expressed in Umeå municipality's health statements, how they are constructed to make the management accounting of employee health work and the construction of morals that is implicit in that system.
Airfare price insurance: a real option model
Authors: Jain Adishwar K. , Cox Raymond A.K. 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the uncertainty of acquiring the lowest possible airfare when contemplating the purchase of a ticket. A real option model is applied to value insurance contracts that could be offered to passengers to cope with price risk. Furthermore, the premiums charged for such airfare price insurance contracts can augment airline carrier revenues.Design/methodology/approachPrices on 14 airfares were collected for 79 consecutive days on an assortment of US domestic and international flights from four airline carriers. Volatility in airfares was shown using the price range and SD. The Black‐Scholes‐Merton model was employed to value the call and put options representing different airfare price insurance contracts.FindingsAirfare price insurance contracts affordability was demonstrated ranging from 1.55 to 11.28 percent of the average dollar ticket price.Research limitations/implicationsThe valuations in the paper were based on ex post data that would not be available to the customer purchaser. Nonetheless, the airline carriers that sell the insurance would have better estimates of the price volatility and therefore could price the contracts to make a profit.Practical implicationsAirline passengers would have an opportunity to reduce the ticket price risk they face when buying their tickets. Airline carrier could increase revenues by offering such products.Social implicationsThe opportunity to manage price risk contributes to the completeness of markets.Originality/valueThe paper shows that airfare price insurance contracts are a viable tool in the management of price risk.
Prepayment risk and bank performance
Authors: Fayman Alex , He Ling T. 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify effects of prepayment risk on performance of commercial banks in the USA. Understanding how various risks impact banks' performance can help to improve performance of financial institutions and better estimate risk premia charged by banks on the loans they extend to their customers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper measures the prepayment risk premium and aims to gauge its effect on various ratios that measure bank performance. Since, risk management is an important goal of financial management, it is important to learn how prepayment risk pertains to bank performance.FindingsThe results of this paper suggest that prepayment risk may significantly impact return on loans, return on equity and real estate loans to total loans ratios of various commercial banks. The impacts, in terms of strength and direction, vary between the periods of pre‐ and post‐passage of the Financial Institutions Reform and Recovery Act. The results indicate that the addition of prepayment risk variable to regression models can generally increase their ability to explain bank performance metrics.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, there is no existing literature that gauges the impact of prepayment risk on various components of bank performance. There is existing literature that shows that bank stocks move in response to prepayment risk.
Corporate dividends decisions: evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al‐Ajmi Jasim , Abo Hussain Hameeda 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to test the stability of dividend policy, test the effect of cash flow on the company's dividend policy, identify the factors that determine a firm's cash dividend payments, and examine the characteristics of dividend‐paying and non‐paying firms.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses are tested using unbalance panel data for a sample of 54 Saudi‐listed firms during 1990‐2006.FindingsSaudi firms pay out a lower proportion of their cash flows compared to the proportion of dividends of reported earnings. Firms have more flexible dividend policies since they are willing to cut or skip dividends when profit declines and pay no dividends when losses are reported. Lagged dividend payments, profitability, cash flows, and life cycle are determinants of dividend payments. Agency costs are not a critical driver of dividend policy of Saudi firms. Zakat is found to play a role in explaining firm's dividend decisions.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to study the determinants of dividend policy in a country where companies are required to pay Islamic zakat.
Dividend policy and share price volatility: UK evidence
Authors: Hussainey Khaled , Oscar Mgbame Chijoke , Chijoke‐Mgbame Aruoriwo M. 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relation between dividend policy and share price changes in the UK stock market.Design/methodology/approachMultiple regression analyses are used to explore the association between share price changes and both dividend yield and dividend payout ratio.FindingsA positive relation is found between dividend yield and stock price changes, and a negative relation between dividend payout ratio and stock price changes. In addition, it is shown that a firm's growth rate, debt level, size and earnings explain stock price changes.Practical implicationsThe paper supports the fact that dividend policy is relevant in determining share price changes for a sample of firms listed in the London Stock Exchange.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper is the first to show that corporate dividend policy is a key driver of stock price changes in the UK.
Testing forecasting power of the conditional relationship between beta and return
Authors: Verma Rahul 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the forecasting power of the conditional relationship between beta and international stock returns.Design/methodology/approachUsing the market model, the individual betas for each country in the sample are estimated by ordinary least square. The conditional relation between beta and return is tested by estimating cross‐sectional regressions for each month (i.e. 343 cross‐sectional regressions). Mean value of coefficients and t‐statistics (one tail) are computed to test whether the mean values of coefficients are significantly positive and negative. Whether there is a systematic relationship between the bull market and the bear market is also tested.FindingsOverall, no support of the model was found. Although positive, there is insignificant relationship between beta of current period when excess market return is positive with next period stock return. Moreover, although negative, there was insignificant relationship between beta of current period when excess market return in negative with next period stock return. Similar results were found when the sample was divided into January and non‐January months.Originality/valueThis contribution is to test the validity of conditional relationship between beta and stock returns in international setting by considering the effect of current period up‐ and down‐markets on the next period stock return. If the conditional version of capital asset pricing model (CAPM) holds, there must be a consistent result, i.e. similar to those obtained by the studies using contemporaneous relationship. It is important to perform such tests on the conditional version of CAPM since an ex post state dependent model may not be used as a forecasting model.
Commercial aerospace supply chains
Authors: Rose‐Anderssen C. , Baldwin J.S. , Ridgway K. 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the evolution of commercial aerospace supply chains.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is presented as evolutionary steps by introduction of key supply chain practices. These steps are brought together by applying cladistics, a classification approach from the biological sciences, to classify the evolutionary relationships between supply chain forms. This is presented in two stages.FindingsEarlier research produced a “conceptual cladogram” from secondary data that describes the evolution of aerospace supply chains. This paper expands on this through empirical validation and develops a “factual cladogram”, revealing a newly emerging supply chain form. Key practices define the change of supply chain forms in the evolutionary adaptation to market realities and to proactive responses to increased competition.Research limitations/implicationsThe factual cladogram as such does not necessarily prescribe world‐class performance but may serve as a platform for discussing and monitoring the properties of the emergent supply chain in light of strategies for the future. As such it becomes a strategic bench‐marking tool for the change of practices, technologies and products.Practical implicationsIn practical terms, the approach may be developed as a strategic tool for policy development, and a decision support tool through the creation and exploration of future supply chain form scenarios.Originality/valueTheoretically, this paper elaborates on a framework for how and why evolution produces diversity of supply chain form.
Risks affecting ERP post‐implementation
Authors: Pan Kuifan , Baptista Nunes Miguel , Chao Peng Guo 
Published: December 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify, assess and explore potential risks that can affect long‐term viability of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in the post‐implementation and exploitation phase.Design/methodology/approachThe research took a large Chinese private group as a case study. A theoretical ERP risk ontology, which was adopted from the literature, was used to frame the study and generate data collection tools. Two questionnaires were thus designed and used to explore ERP post‐implementation risks in the case company.FindingsThe study identified 37 risk events, of which seven were identified as the most critical for ERP exploitation in the case company. The findings show that organisational and human‐related risks are the crucial factors for potential ERP failure and not the usually suspect technical risks.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the knowledge of ERP in general, and provides valuable insights into ERP post‐implementation risks in large companies in particular.Practical implicationsThe findings will not just be useful in supporting ERP risk identification and management in the large Chinese companies, but will also be beneficial to other large companies in general, which may be confronted with similar ERP exploitation challenges.Originality/valueThe majority of large companies in China and in the West have implemented ERP systems and engaged in the system post‐implementation phase. Most of the existing literature in the field focuses on the process of implementation. This paper looks forward to the risks involved in the post‐implementation phase. Understanding potential risks that may occur during ERP exploitation is vital for these large firms to achieve and sustain business success through their ERP systems.
Social influence, voluntariness, experience and the internet acceptance
Authors: Sharif Abbasi Muhammad , Hussain Chandio Fida , Fatah Soomro Abdul , Shah Farwa 
Published: December 2010

PurposeIt has been argued that behavioural models of technology acceptance do not serve equally across cultures. This study aims to extend technology acceptance model (TAM) to suit in a developing country context. The model attempts to identify the relationship between social norms, management support and moderating factors voluntariness and experience.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a quantitative methodology to investigate the correlational paths. A cross‐sectional survey was completed by 504 academics working in higher educational institutes of Pakistan. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS) methods.FindingsThe extended model achieved acceptable fit and most of the hypothesised paths were significant. Determinant perceived usefulness was an important construct of the internet acceptance, i.e. R2=34 per cent more than behavioural intention. Moderator experience diminished the impact of usefulness on behaviour usage.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that expecting acceptance behaviour from individuals on the basis of only TAM's constructs is not enough for introducing new IT technologies. The study reveals that an individual's perceptions are formed/changed through attitudinal and social beliefs, along with management support and usage experience.Originality/valueThe study is useful in non‐western cultural contexts. Specifically, in contrast to previous studies, diversity of individuals' acceptance behaviour is examined within a single south‐Asian country's context.
Microorganisms with Novel Dissimilatory (Bi)Sulfite Reductase Genes Are Widespread and Part of the Core Microbiota in Low-Sulfate Peatlands
Authors: Steger Doris , Wentrup Cecilia , Braunegger Christina , Deevong Pinsurang , Hofer Manuel , Richter Andreas , Baranyi Christian , Pester Michael , Wagner Michael , Loy Alexander 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTPeatlands of the Lehstenbach catchment (Germany) house as-yet-unidentified microorganisms with phylogenetically novel variants of the dissimilatory (bi)sulfite reductase genesdsrAB. These genes are characteristic of microorganisms that reduce sulfate, sulfite, or some organosulfonates for energy conservation but can also be present in anaerobic syntrophs. However, nothing is currently known regarding the abundance, community dynamics, and biogeography of thesedsrAB-carrying microorganisms in peatlands. To tackle these issues, soils from a Lehstenbach catchment site (Schlöppnerbrunnen II fen) from different depths were sampled at three time points over a 6-year period to analyze the diversity and distribution ofdsrAB-containing microorganisms by a newly developed functional gene microarray and quantitative PCR assays. Members of novel, uncultivateddsrABlineages (approximately representing species-level groups) (i) dominated a temporally stable but spatially structureddsrABcommunity and (ii) represented “core” members (up to 1% to 1.7% relative abundance) of the autochthonous microbial community in this fen. In addition, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)- and clone library-based comparisons of thedsrABdiversity in soils from a wet meadow, three bogs, and five fens of various geographic locations (distance of ∼1 to 400 km) identified that oneSyntrophobacter-related and nine noveldsrABlineages are widespread in low-sulfate peatlands. Signatures of biogeography indsrB-based DGGE data were not correlated with geographic distance but could be explained largely by soil pH and wetland type, implying that the distribution ofdsrAB-carrying microorganisms in wetlands on the scale of a few hundred kilometers is not limited by dispersal but determined by local environmental conditions.
Detection and Characterization of aCryptosporidiumIsolate from a Southern Elephant Seal (Mirounga leonina) from the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Rengifo-Herrera C. , Ortega-Mora L. M. , Gómez-Bautista M. , García-Moreno F. T. , García-Párraga D. , Castro-Urda J. , Pedraza-Díaz S. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThe presence ofCryptosporidiumandGiardiain 221 fecal samples from different species of Antarctic pinnipeds was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy and PCR.Cryptosporidium, a skunk-like genotype, was detected only in a southern elephant seal.Giardiawas not detected. This is the first report of aCryptosporidiumsp. in Antarctic marine mammals.