bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of faecal markers in screening for colorectal neoplasia: a European group on tumor markers position paper
Authors: Duffy Michael J. , van Rossum Leo G. M. , van Turenhout Sietze T. , Malminiemi Outi , Sturgeon Catherine , Lamerz Rolf , Nicolini Andrea , Haglund Caj , Holubec Lubos , Fraser Callum G. , Halloran Stephen P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSeveral randomized controlled trials have shown that population‐based screening using faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) can reduce mortality from colorectal neoplasia. Based on this evidence, a number of countries have introduced screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) and high‐risk adenoma and many others are considering its introduction. The aim of this article is to critically review the current status of faecal markers as population‐based screening tests for these neoplasia. Most of the available faecal tests involve the measurement of either occult blood or a panel of DNA markers. Occult blood may be measured using either the guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) or a faecal immunochemical test (iFOBT). Although iFOBT may require a greater initial investment, they have several advantages over gFOBT, including greater analytical sensitivity and specificity. Their use results in improved clinical performance and higher uptake rates. Importantly for population screening, some of the iFOBTs can be automated and provide an adjustable cutoff for faecal haemoglobin concentration. However, samples for iFOBT, may be less stable after collection than for gFOBT. For new centres undertaking FOBT for colorectal neoplasia, the European Group on Tumour Markers recommends use of a quantitative iFOBT with an adjustable cutoff point and high throughput analysis. All participants with positive FOBT results should be offered colonoscopy. The panel recommends further research into increasing the stability of iFOBT and the development of improved and affordable DNA and proteomic‐based tests, which reduce current false negative rates, simplify sample transport and enable automated analysis.
Farnesyl transferase inhibitor treatment of breast cancer cells leads to altered RhoA and RhoC GTPase activity and induces a dormant phenotype
Authors: Chatterjee Moumita , van Golen Kenneth L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFarnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs) were shown to be effective in modulating tumor growth in Ras‐transformed tumor cells. Recent studies have focused on Rho GTPases as putative targets of FTI action. Previously, we demonstrated that FTIs were effective in inhibiting the growth and invasiveness of RhoC GTPase‐overexpressing inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) cells however, RhoC activity was increased. In this study, we examine the mechanisms of FTI action on breast cancer cells in culture through modulation of RhoC and RhoA GTPases. We found that FTI inhibition of breast cancer cell growth was reversible and resembled what has been described for an in vitro model of tumor cell dormancy. On FTI treatment, levels of active RhoA decreased significantly, whereas levels of active RhoC increased 3.8‐fold. We studied the role of these two GTPases in a fibronectin and basic FGF‐induced model of breast cancer cell dormancy. Hypoactivation of RhoA and hyperactivation of RhoC were seen to induce morphology and growth changes consistent with tumor cell dormancy in culture. In addition, the JNK/SAPK pathway was induced on FTI treatment. A pharmacologic inhibitor of the JNK/SAPK pathway significantly reduced the number of dormant cells. This study has implications for the use of FTIs as therapeutic agents as well as potential mechanisms for breast cancer cell dormancy.
Curcumin decreases cholangiocarcinogenesis in hamsters by suppressing inflammation‐mediated molecular events related to multistep carcinogenesis
Authors: Prakobwong Suksanti , Khoontawad Jarinya , Yongvanit Puangrat , Pairojkul Chawalit , Hiraku Yusuke , Sithithaworn Paiboon , Pinlaor Porntip , Aggarwal Bharat B. , Pinlaor Somchai 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly metastatic tumor linked to liver fluke infection and consumption of nitrosamine‐contaminated foods and is a major health problem especially in South‐Eastern Asia. In search for a suitable chemopreventive agents, we investigated the effect of curcumin, a traditional anti‐inflammatory agent derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa), on CCA development in an animal model by infection with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini and administration of N‐nitrosodimethylamine and fed with curcumin‐supplemented diet. The effect of curcumin‐supplemented diet on histopathological changes and survival were assessed in relation to NF‐κB activation, and the expression of NF‐κB‐related gene products involved in inflammation, DNA damage, apoptosis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Our results showed that dietary administration of this nutraceutical significantly reduced the incidence of CCA and increased the survival of animals. This correlated with the suppression of the activation of transcription factors including NF‐κB, AP‐1 and STAT‐3, and reduction in the expression of proinflammatory proteins such as COX‐2 and iNOS. The formation of iNOS‐dependent DNA lesions (8‐nitroguanine and 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine) was inhibited. Curcumin suppressed the expression of proteins related to cell survival (bcl‐2 and bcl‐xL), proliferation (cyclin D1 and c‐myc), tumor invasion (MMP‐9 and ICAM‐1) and angiogenesis (VEGF), and microvessel density. Induction of apoptotic events as indicated by caspase activation and PARP cleavage was also noted. Our results suggest that curcumin exhibits an anticarcinogenic potential via suppression of various events involved in multiple steps of carcinogenesis, which is accounted for by its ability to suppress proinflammatory pathways.
Does the Agulhas Current amplify global temperatures during super‐interglacials?
Authors: Turney Chris S.M. , Jones Richard T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFuture projections of climate suggest our planet is moving into a ‘super‐interglacial’. Here we report a global synthesis of ice, marine and terrestrial data from a recent palaeoclimate equivalent, the Last Interglacial (ca. 130–116 ka ago). Our analysis suggests global temperatures were on average ∼1.5°C higher than today (relative to the AD 1961–1990 period). Intriguingly, we identify several Indian Ocean Last Interglacial sequences that suggest persistent early warming, consistent with leakage of warm, saline waters from the Agulhas Current into the Atlantic, intensifying meridional ocean circulation and increasing global temperatures. This mechanism may have played a significant positive feedback role during super‐interglacials and could become increasingly important in the future. These results provide an important insight into a future 2°C climate stabilisation scenario. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel herbicide‐inducible male sterility system
Authors: Zhang Jinhui , Zhang Wenlu , Yen Yang , Long Hai , Deng Guangbing , Pan Zhifen , Yu Maoqun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Heterosis is a phenomenon that first‐generation offspring perform better than their parents. Conventional breeding methods have their shortcomings. It would be optimal to construct inducible male sterile plants.RESULTS: We developed a novel system for creating male sterile transgenic plants by downregulating the specific expression of the glyphosate tolerance CP4 EPSPS gene in male reproductive tissues. Transcriptional repression was achieved by manipulating DNA binding proteins with their specific corresponding sites. We transferred the CP4 EPSPS gene driven by a modified CaMV 35S promoter with three tetracycline operator copies in the vicinity of the TATA box and tetracycline repressor gene under the control of an anther‐specific promoter Osg6B to Arabidopsis thaliana. As a result, we successfully obtained controllable transgenic plants: the whole plant could tolerate exposure of glyphosate but the male tissue was sensitive.CONCLUSION: The novel inducible male sterility system is applied and easy to handle, so it might be applicable to a wide range of crop plants. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Estimation of chromatographic lipophilicity of bile acids and their derivatives by reversed‐phase thin layer chromatography
Authors: Onişor Cristina , Poša Mihalj , Kevrešan Slavko , Kuhajda Ksenija , Sârbu Costel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to estimate the lipophilicity and investigate the molecular mechanism of retention of bile acids and their derivatives in order to find an objective manner of quantitative comparison of different chemically bonded stationary phases for high performance TLC in terms of their (dis)similarities. Highly significant correlations were obtained between different experimental indices of lipophilicity (RM0, S and the scores corresponding to the first principal component) estimated on CNF254s and RP‐18F254s and some computed log P values that combine electronic and topological aspects. The most statistically significant quantitative structure–property relationship models, using descriptors from Dragon software, multiple linear regression and genetic algorithm, were also obtained in the case of CNF254s and RP‐18F254s stationary phases. Cross‐validation suggests a good reliability of the results. The contribution of 2D and 3D descriptors, which are related to atomic mass, together with reactivity parameters such as polarizability and electronegativity seem to control the chromatographic mechanism (lipophilicity) on all stationary phases.
Triamine‐bonded stationary phase for open tubular capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Lin Xucong , Chen Zhenbin , Wang Xiaochun , Wu Xiaoping , Xie Zenghong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA multi‐functional separation column modified with 3‐[2‐(2‐aminoethylamino)ethylamino] propyl‐trimethoxysilane was developed for open tubular capillary electrochromatography. This functional hydrophilic triamine‐bonded open tubular column could generate both anodic and cathodic EOF. When the pH of the running buffer was below 5.3 (30% 3‐[2‐(2‐aminoethylamino)ethylamino] propyl‐trimethoxysilane, v/v), the anodic EOF was exhibited, which greatly prevented the undesired adsorptions of basic proteins on the capillary inner wall. Favorable separation of four basic proteins (viz. trypsin, ribonuclease A, lysozyme and cytochrome c) was successfully achieved at pH 3.5 of 10 mmol/L phosphate buffer. The column efficiencies of proteins were in the range from 87 000 to 110 000 plates/m, and the RSD values for migration time of four proteins were less than 1.2% (run‐to‐run, n=5). The ionic analytes were also separated efficiently in the co‐electroosmotic mode. The average efficiencies ranged from 81 000 to 190 000 plates/m for seven aromatic acids and 186 000–245 000 plates/m for four nucleoside monophosphates, respectively, and good capillary column repeatability was gained with RSD of the migration time not more than 3.0%. The triamine‐bonded open tubular capillary column is favorable to be an alternative functional medium for the further analysis of basic proteins and anionic analytes.
The effect of mouth breathing versus nasal breathing on dentofacial and craniofacial development in orthodontic patients
Authors: Harari Doron , Redlich Meir , Miri Shalish , Hamud Tachsin , Gross Menachem 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the effect of mouth breathing during childhood on craniofacial and dentofacial development compared to nasal breathing in malocclusion patients treated in the orthodontic clinic.Study Design:Retrospective study in a tertiary medical center.Methods:Clinical variables and cephalometric parameters of 116 pediatric patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment were reviewed. The study group included 55 pediatric patients who suffered from symptoms and signs of nasal obstruction, and the control group included 61 patients who were normal nasal breathers.Results:Mouth breathers demonstrated considerable backward and downward rotation of the mandible, increased overjet, increase in the mandible plane angle, a higher palatal plane, and narrowing of both upper and lower arches at the level of canines and first molars compared to the nasal breathers group. The prevalence of a posterior cross bite was significantly more frequent in the mouth breathers group (49%) than nose breathers (26%), (P = .006). Abnormal lip‐to‐tongue anterior oral seal was significantly more frequent in the mouth breathers group (56%) than in the nose breathers group (30%) (P = .05).Conclusions:Naso‐respiratory obstruction with mouth breathing during critical growth periods in children has a higher tendency for clockwise rotation of the growing mandible, with a disproportionate increase in anterior lower vertical face height and decreased posterior facial height. Laryngoscope, 2010
Meta‐analysis for the effect of medical therapy vs. Placebo on recovery of idiopathic sudden hearing loss
Authors: Labus Jakob , Breil Judith , Stützer Hartmut , Michel Olaf 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives:To estimate the effect of recovery of idiopathic sudden hearing loss under placebo (first aim) and under medical therapy (second aim).Study Design:Systematic review and meta‐analysis.Methods:A total of 1,674 studies published between January 1974 and April 2009 were found following suggestions in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. After filtering by criteria of Cochrane Collaboration, four trials remained for continuous and two for dichotomous data.Results:Using Review Manager, weighted mean difference as well as standardized mean effect of hearing recovery were calculated and pooled. The values for weighted mean difference of hearing gain in dB were 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−2.04–3.61) and for standardized mean effect 0.06, 95% CI (−0.13–0.24), respectively, which computationally favors active treatment, but statistically is not significantly different from no effect (0 dB). This was in accordance to the comparison of descriptive means between recovery under placebo with 14.3 dB and active treatment with 15.8 dB hearing gain. Treatment effect of dichotomous data (hearing gain vs. no hearing gain) suggested a statistically significant better outcome for active treatment; the odds ratio (OR) [fixed] is 2.18 (1.06–4.46).Conclusions:In five different statistical analysis methods used, treatment effect of medical therapy was slightly better than recovery under placebo in which spontaneous recovery could be assumed, but no significant effect was detected. Against the background of recovery under placebo of 14.3 dB vs. 15.8 dB hearing gain of active treatment as averages of all measured frequencies, recovery under placebo seems not to have worse outcome than recovery under medical therapy. Laryngoscope, 2010
Optical coherence tomography allows for the reliable identification of laryngeal epithelial dysplasia and for precise biopsy: A clinicopathological study of 61 patients undergoing microlaryngoscopy
Authors: Just Tino , Lankenau Eva , Prall Friedrich , Hüttmann Gereon , Pau Hans Wilhelm , Sommer Konrad 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:A newly developed microscope‐based spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) device and an endoscope‐based time‐domain OCT (TD‐OCT) were used to assess the inter‐rater reliability, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of benign and dysplastic laryngeal epithelial lesions.Study Design:Prospective study.Methods:OCT during microlaryngoscopy was done on 35 patients with an endoscope‐based TD‐OCT, and on 26 patients by an SD‐OCT system integrated into an operating microscope. Biopsies were taken from microscopically suspicious lesions allowing comparative study of OCT images and histology.Results:Thickness of the epithelium was seen to be the main criterion for degree of dysplasia. The inter‐rater reliability for two observers was found to be kappa = 0.74 (P <.001) for OCT. OCT provided test outcomes for differentiation between benign laryngeal lesions and dysplasia/CIS with sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 89%, PPV of 85%, NPV of 91%, and predictive accuracy of 88%. However, because of the limited penetration depth of the laser light primarily in hyperkeratotic lesions (thickness above 1.5 mm), the basal cell layer was no longer visible, precluding reliable assessment of such lesions.Conclusions:OCT allows for a fairly accurate assessment of benign and dysplastic laryngeal epithelial lesion and greatly facilitates the taking of precise biopsies. Laryngoscope, 2010
Gentamicin alters nitric oxide production in semicircular canals and otolith organs
Authors: Helling Kai , Heinrich Ulf‐Rüdiger , Heusgen Lukas , Brieger Jürgen , Schmidtmann Irene , Li Huige , Mann Wolf J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Intratympanic application of gentamicin is an important therapeutic option to control vertigo spells in Ménière's disease. Low doses eliminate the function of semicircular canal ampullae (SCCA) and saccule in most patients, although utricular function is maintained in many cases. Local alteration in free radical production might be responsible for these differences. Therefore, the gentamicin‐induced nitric oxide (NO) production was determined in an animal model using separate organ cultures of SCCA, saccule, and utricle.Study Design:Prospective pilot study in male guinea pigs.Methods:SCCA, saccule, and utricle of 28 guinea pigs were isolated and incubated separately for 6 hours in cell culture medium. Gentamicin was administered in two different concentrations (0.4 mg/mL and 0.8 mg/mL) to organ cultures of 16 animals. Tissues from 12 animals were used as controls. Nitric oxide was quantified by chemiluminescence.Results:Gentamicin led to an NO increase of about 70% in the saccule, an NO reduction of more than 70% in SCCA, and an NO reduction of 36% in the utricle.Conclusions:The selective effects of gentamicin on the NO production in the different sensory areas of the vestibular organ have to be taken into account in the therapy of Ménière's disease. Laryngoscope, 2010
Management of giant sialoliths: Review of the literature and preliminary experience with interventional sialendoscopy
Authors: Wallace Eric , Tauzin Marcie , Hagan Joseph , Schaitkin Barry , Walvekar Rohan R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To report our experience with management of giant salivary stones via a combined approach technique using salivary endoscopy (CA) and results of a review of current literature related to giant salivary stones.Study Design:Retrospective case series.Methods:An institutional review board‐approved chart review was performed on patients managed with a CA to treat giant salivary stones (≥15 mm). In addition, we reviewed the English literature from 1942 to 2009.Results:Table 1 consists of 54 stones; 47 of which were identified during the review of literature and 7 from our case series. Of those 47 stones, 23 were hilar in location, 23 were glandular in location, and 1 stone was missing data. The gland preservation rate in the 47 reported stones was 57% (17/30). Among patients where gland resection was reported, the majority of the patients (12/13) had hilar glandular stones. Only one patient with a ductal stone had a gland resection. In our series, CA enabled a gland preservation rate of 86% (6/7). Among these patients, stone location was hilar glandular in six (86%) and ductal in one (14%). The mean size of stones from the literature review was 35 mm and from our series was 19 mm.Conclusions:Our review reflects current treatment recommendations for giant stones, i.e., transoral sialolithotomy for ductal stones and gland resection for hilar glandular stones. Our preliminary experience with CA for giant stones suggests improved gland preservation rates (86% vs. 57%) independent of stone location and with preservation of salivary function. Laryngoscope, 2010
Early versus late injection medialization for unilateral vocal cord paralysis
Authors: Friedman Aaron D. , Burns James A. , Heaton James T. , Zeitels Steven M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate whether the timing of early (≤6 months from time of nerve injury) vs. late (>6 months) injection medialization laryngoplasty impacts the need for subsequent open‐neck reconstruction to restore vocal function in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:A total of 112 outpatient or hospitalized adults with dysphonia resulting from postsurgical or idiopathic unilateral vocal cord paralysis were identified who were injected as initial treatment within 1 year of onset of their paralysis. All subjects underwent awake, transoral, paraglottic injection with absorbable hyaluronic‐acid gel. Patients with documented recovery of vocal cord mobility (22), active disease directly affecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve (8), <3 months of follow‐up after injection (time for gel to be reabsorbed) (34), or deaths within 1 year after the onset of paralysis (13) were excluded, leaving a study population of 35 patients.Results:Twenty of 32 (62.5%) patients with early injection medialization maintained an adequate voice, obviating the need for open‐neck phonosurgical reconstruction; their follow‐up from onset of paralysis ranged from 4.0 to 41.8 months (mean 15.2). None of the three patients undergoing late injection (>6 months postparalysis) avoided phonosurgical reconstruction (P = .03, χ2 test).Conclusions:Patients receiving early injection medialization for vocal cord paralysis were less likely to require transcervical reconstruction. We believe that early medialization creates a more favorable vocal cord position for phonation that can be maintained by synkinetic reinnervation, in contrast to the final position of a lateralized vocal cord being determined solely by reinnervation. Laryngoscope, 2010
Hearing loss alters quantal release at cochlear nucleus stellate cells
Authors: Rich Alexander W. , Xie Ruili , Manis Paul B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Auditory nerve synapses in ventral cochlear nucleus end on two principal cell types, bushy and stellate cells. Although the effects of hearing loss on bushy cells have been well studied, little is known about the effects of hearing loss on synaptic input to the stellate cells. Based on prior observations in bushy cells, we hypothesized that noise‐induced hearing loss (NIHL) would decrease quantal release onto stellate cells.Study Design:Prospective, randomized animal study.Methods:CBA/CaJ mice were exposed for 2 hours to 98 dB sound pressure level (SPL) 8‐ to 16‐kHz noise to produce a temporary threshold shift (TTS) or 114 dB SPL to produce a permanent threshold shift (PTS). Spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) were then measured in stellate cells in brain slices of the cochlear nucleus.Results:Click auditory brainstem evoked response thresholds were elevated by 35 dB in both TTS and PTS mice. Spontaneous mEPSC frequency was found to be five‐fold higher than normal in stellate cells of TTS mice and three‐fold higher in PTS mice. The mEPSC amplitude was also larger in PTS mice. The mEPSC time course was not different between experimental and control groups.Conclusions:The dramatic increase in mEPSC frequency after NIHL was not expected. The increase in mEPSC amplitude in PTS mice suggests a postsynaptic remodeling process. Both of these effects could contribute to increased spontaneous firing in the cochlear nucleus in the absence of sound. Our results also suggest that hearing loss may have different effects at auditory nerve synapses on bushy and stellate cells in the VCN. Laryngoscope, 2010