bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoisomerization of a Maleonitrile‐Type Salen Schiff Base and Its Application in Fine‐Tuning Infinite Coordination Polymers
Authors: Lin Chun‐Wei , Chou Pi‐Tai , Liao Yong‐Hong , Lin Ying‐Chih , Chen Ching‐Ting , Chen Yu‐Chun , Lai Chin‐Hung , Chen Bo‐So , Liu Yi‐Hung , Wang Chih‐Chieh , Ho Mei‐Lin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractStrategically designed salen ligand 2,3‐bis[4‐(di‐p‐tolylamino)‐2‐hydroxybenzylideneamino]maleonitrile (1), which has pronounced excited‐state charge‐transfer properties, shows a previously unrecognized form of photoisomerization. On electronic excitation (denoted by an asterisk), 1Z*→1E isomerization takes place by rotation about the C2C3 bond, which takes on single‐bond character due to the charge‐transfer reaction. The isomerization takes place nonadiabatically from the excited‐state (1Z) to the ground‐state (1E) potential‐energy surface in the singlet manifold; 1Z and 1E are neither thermally inconvertible at ambient temperature (25–30 °C), nor does photoinduced reverse 1E*→1Z (or 1Z*) isomerization occur. Isomers 1Z and 1E show very different coordination chemistry towards a ZnII precursor. More prominent coordination chemistry is evidenced by a derivative of 1 bearing a carboxyl group, namely, N,N′‐dicyanoethenebis(salicylideneimine)dicarboxylic acid (2). Applying 2Z and its photoinduced isomer 2E as building blocks, we then demonstrate remarkable differences in morphology (sphere‐ and needlelike nanostructure, respectively) of their infinite coordination polymers with ZnII.
Sex or survival
Authors: Wilke Derek R. , Krahn Murray , Tomlinson George , Bezjak Andrea , Rutledge Robert , Warde Padraig 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Combined long‐term androgen deprivation (LTAD) and radiation conveys a prostate cancer‐specific survival advantage over combined short‐term androgen deprivation (STAD) and radiation. The seminal question is whether or not the gains are worth the adverse effects of LTAD with respect to patient preferences.METHODS:Preferences for LTAD compared with STAD were elicited by direct patient interview using the probability trade‐off method. “Time trade‐off utilities” (TTOu) for erectile dysfunction and osteoporosis were elicited using the time trade‐off method. Participants' current prostate cancer‐specific health state was assessed using the Patient‐Oriented Prostate Utility Scale‐Psychometric. Participants' current sexual function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF).RESULTS:All participants were willing to trade survival rather than undergo LTAD compared with STAD. The mean minimally required increment in prostate cancer‐specific survival (MRIS) was 8.2%. The mean TTOu for impotence was 0.78, and the mean TTOu for osteoporosis was 0.71. The MRIS was correlated with the Sexual Desire domain score of the IIEF (Spearman rank‐correlation coefficient, r = 0.50; P<.0001).CONCLUSIONS:Patients desired more prostate cancer‐specific survival than what was afforded by LTAD and radiotherapy compared with STAD and radiotherapy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Gemcitabine versus bacille Calmette‐Guérin after initial bacille Calmette‐Guérin failure in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Di Lorenzo Giuseppe , Perdonà Sisto , Damiano Rocco , Faiella Adriana , Cantiello Francesco , Pignata Sandro , Ascierto Paolo , Simeone Ester , De Sio Marco , Autorino Riccardo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The efficacy of intravesical gemcitabine was evaluated compared with repeated administration of bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) after BCG failure in high‐risk, non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (BC).METHODS:In this multicenter, prospective, randomized, phase 2 trial, eligible patients were those with high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive BC, failing 1 course of BCG therapy. All patients were randomly allocated to Group A, receiving intravesical gemcitabine (at a dose of 2000 mg/50 mL) twice weekly for 6 consecutive weeks and then weekly for 3 consecutive weeks at 3, 6, and 12 months, or Group B, receiving intravesical BCG (Connaught strain, 81 mg/50 mL) over a 6‐week induction course and each week for 3 weeks at 3, 6, and 12 months. Outcome measures were recurrence rate, time to first recurrence, and progression rate. Treatment‐related complications were also evaluated.RESULTS:Eighty participants were enrolled, 40 for each group 52.5% in Group A developed disease recurrence versus 87.5% of those in Group B (P = .002). There was no statistically significant difference in mean time to the first recurrence (Group A, 3.9 months; Group B, 3.1 months; P = .09). Kaplan‐Meier analysis of 2‐year recurrence‐free survival showed significant differences between Group A and B (19% and 3%, respectively, P < .008). Seven of 21 (33%) patients in Group A and 13 of 35 (37.5%) patients in Group B had disease progression and underwent radical cystectomy (P = .12). Both intravesical administrations were generally well tolerated.CONCLUSIONS:Gemcitabine might represent a second‐line treatment option after BCG failure in high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive BC patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Thalamic label patterns suggest primary and ventral auditory fields are distinct core regions
Authors: Storace Douglas A. , Higgins Nathan C. , Read Heather L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA hierarchical scheme proposed by Kaas and colleagues suggests that primate auditory cortex can be divided into core and belt regions based on anatomic connections with thalamus and distinctions among response properties. According to their model, core auditory cortex receives predominantly unimodal sensory input from the ventral nucleus of the medial geniculate body (MGBv); whereas belt cortex receives predominantly cross‐modal sensory input from nuclei outside the MGBv. We previously characterized distinct response properties in rat primary (A1) versus ventral auditory field (VAF) cortex; however, it has been unclear whether VAF should be categorized as a core or belt auditory cortex. The current study employed high‐resolution functional imaging to map intrinsic metabolic responses to tones and to guide retrograde tracer injections into A1 and VAF. The size and density of retrogradely labeled somas in the medial geniculate body (MGB) were examined as a function of their position along the caudal‐to‐rostral axis, subdivision of origin, and cortical projection target. A1 and VAF projecting neurons were found in the same subdivisions of the MGB but in rostral and caudal parts, respectively. Less than 3% of the cells projected to both regions. VAF projecting neurons were smaller than A1 projecting neurons located in dorsal (MGBd) and suprageniculate (SG) nuclei. Thus, soma size varied with both caudal‐rostral position and cortical target. Finally, the majority (>70%) of A1 and VAF projecting neurons were located in MGBv. These MGB connection profiles suggest that rat auditory cortex, like primate auditory cortex, is made up of multiple distinct core regions. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1630–1646, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prefrontal cortical inputs to the basal amygdala undergo pruning during late adolescence in the rat
Authors: Cressman Victoria L. , Balaban Jordan , Steinfeld Sara , Shemyakin Alexei , Graham Peter , Parisot Nelly , Moore Holly 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTransformations in affective and social behaviors, many of which involve amygdalar circuits, are hallmarks of adolescence in many mammalian species. In this study, using the rat as a model, we provide the first evidence that afferents of the basal amygdala (BA) undergo significant structural remodeling during adolescence. We used quantitative tract‐tracing and gene expression profiling methods to characterize changes in the medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) inputs to the BA across ages analogous to the late juvenile period [postnatal day (P) 25], late adolescence (P45), and adulthood (P90) in the rat. As assessed after deposition of Fluorogold into the BA, the number of BA‐projecting neurons in the mPFC remained stable between P25 and P45 but decreased by about 50% between P45 and P90. Anterograde tract tracing with biotin dextran amine deposits centered in the ventral prelimbic cortex revealed that, during this period, the density of mPFC‐derived axon terminals in the BA also decrease significantly, an effect particularly evident in the dorsal basolateral nucleus. Within the BA, there were also highly significant changes in gene expression indicative of neurite or synaptic plasticity, most notably in the Ras/GTPase superfamily, and in pathways that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and steroid synthesis/lipid metabolism. These data provide convergent evidence that mPFC inputs to the BA are pruned during late adolescence or early adulthood. Moreover, the structural remodeling within these afferents may be accompanied by significant changes in neurite plasticity within the BA. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2693–2709, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retracted: α‐GalCer ameliorates listeriosis by accelerating infiltration of Gr‐1+ cells into the liver
Authors: Emoto Masashi , Emoto Yoshiko , Yoshizawa Izumi , Kita Eiji , Shimizu Takamitsu , Hurwitz Robert , Brinkmann Volker , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. 
Published: February 2010

Abstractα‐Galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer) activates invariant (i)NKT cells, which in turn stimulate immunocompetent cells. Although activation of iNKT cells appears critical for regulation of immune responses, it remains elusive whether protection against intracellular bacteria can be induced by α‐GalCer. Here, we show that α‐GalCer treatment ameliorates murine listeriosis, and inhibits inflammation following Listeria monocytogenes infection. Liver infiltration of Gr‐1+ cells and γ/δ T cells was accelerated by α‐GalCer treatment. Gr‐1+ cell and γ/δ T‐cell depletion exacerbated listeriosis in α‐GalCer‐treated mice, and this effect was more pronounced after depletion of Gr‐1+ cells than that of γ/δ T cells. Although GM‐CSF and IL‐17 were secreted by NKT cells after α‐GalCer treatment, liver infiltration of Gr‐1+ cells was not prevented by neutralizing mAb. In parallel to the numerical increase of CD11b+Gr‐1+ cells in the liver following α‐GalCer treatment, CD11b−Gr‐1+ cells were numerically reduced in the bone marrow. In addition, respiratory burst in Gr‐1+ cells was enhanced by α‐GalCer treatment. Our results indicate that α‐GalCer‐induced antibacterial immunity is caused, in part, by accelerated infiltration of Gr‐1+ cells and to a lesser degree of γ/δ T cells into the liver. We also suggest that the infiltration of Gr‐1+ cells is caused by an accelerated supply from the bone marrow.
Antigenic strength controls the generation of antigen‐specific IL‐10‐secreting T regulatory cells
Authors: Gabryšová Leona , Wraith David C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAdministration of peptides i.n. induces peripheral tolerance in Tg4 myelin basic protein‐specific TCR‐Tg mice. This is characterized by the generation of anergic, IL‐10‐secreting CD4+ T cells with regulatory function (IL‐10 Treg). Myelin basic protein Ac1–9 peptide analogs, displaying a hierarchy of affinities for H‐2 Au (Ac1–9[4K]<<[4A]<[4Y]), were used to investigate the mechanisms of tolerance induction, focusing on IL‐10 Treg generation. Repeated i.n. administration of the highest affinity peptide, Ac1–9[4Y], provided complete protection against EAE, while i.n. Ac1–9[4A] and Ac1–9[4K] treatment resulted in only partial protection. Ac1–9[4Y] was also the most potent stimulus for IL‐10 Treg generation. Although i.n. treatment with Ac1–9[4A] gave rise to IL‐10‐secreting CD4+ T cells, the population as a whole was also capable of secreting IFN‐γ after an in vitro recall response to Ac1–9[4A] or [4Y]. In addition to IL‐10 production, other facets of tolerance, namely, anergy and suppression (both in vitro and in vivo), were affinity dependent, with i.n. Ac1–9[4Y]‐, [4A]‐ or [4K]‐treated CD4+ T cells being the most, intermediate and least anergic/suppressive, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the generation of IL‐10 Treg in vivo is driven by high signal strength.
c‐Rel: A pioneer in directing regulatory T‐cell lineage commitment?
Authors: Hori Shohei 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe transcription factor Foxp3 controls the differentiation and function of Treg, but the molecular mechanisms that regulate Foxp3 transcription remain elusive. In particular, signals and factors that open and remodel the Foxp3 locus and imprint developing Treg with a stable Foxp3 phenotype are largely unknown. Two reports in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, together with recent reports published elsewhere, demonstrate that a member of the NF‐κB family transcription factors, c‐Rel, is required for thymic differentiation of Foxp3+ Treg. Moreover, c‐Rel is shown to regulate Foxp3 transcription directly by binding to cis‐regulatory elements at the Foxp3 locus upon TCR/CD28 stimulation, including the promoter and the newly identified conserved non‐coding DNA sequence harboring a “permissive” chromatin status in Treg precursors. These findings collectively suggest that c‐Rel may act as a pioneer transcription factor in initiating Foxp3 transcription in Treg precursors in the thymus.
A fluorescent derivatization method of proteins for the detection of low‐level impurities by microchip capillary gel electrophoresis
Authors: Wenz Christian , Marchetti‐Deschmann Martina , Herwig Ela , Schröttner Evita , Allmaier Günter , Trojer Lukas , Vollmer Martin , Rüfer Andreas 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA novel pre‐chip fluorescent derivatization method is presented for protein sizing and quantification by microchip CGE. The derivatization reaction employed a water‐soluble and stable fluorescent dye and was performed under conditions that favored the formation of homogeneous reaction products. The method delivered in terms of protein sizing similar results as microchip CGE with on‐chip staining but showed an extended linear dynamic range for protein quantification encompassing four orders of magnitude. The sensitivity of the method was similar to standard silver‐stained planar gels. The characterization of derivatization reaction products by MS and preparative isoelectric focusing indicated that a constant degree of dye molecule tagging was obtained over a broad range of protein/dye ratios. The method allowed detecting and quantifying an impurity spiked into an antibody preparation down to a level of 0.05%. Advantages of this method compared with CGE approaches with pre‐column derivatization include a shorter analysis time and an increased robustness and ease of use.
Identification of candidate biomarkers in ovarian cancer serum by depletion of highly abundant proteins and differential in‐gel electrophoresis
Authors: Andersen John D. , Boylan Kristin L. M. , Xue Feifei S. , Anderson Lorraine B. , Witthuhn Bruce A. , Markowski Todd W. , Higgins LeeAnn , Skubitz Amy P. N. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOvarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death for women in the US, yet survival rates are over 90% when it is diagnosed at an early stage, highlighting the need for biomarkers for early detection. To enhance the discovery of tumor‐specific proteins that could represent novel serum biomarkers for ovarian cancer, we depleted serum of highly abundant proteins which can mask the detection of proteins present in serum at low concentrations. Three commercial immunoaffinity columns were used in parallel to deplete the highly abundant proteins in serum from 60 patients with serous ovarian carcinoma and 60 non‐cancer controls. Medium and low abundance serum proteins from each serum pool were then evaluated by the quantitative proteomic technique of differential in‐gel electrophoresis. The number of protein spots that were elevated in ovarian cancer sera by at least twofold ranged from 36 to 248, depending upon the depletion and separation methods. From the 33 spots picked for MS analysis, nine different proteins were identified, including the novel candidate ovarian cancer biomarkers leucine‐rich α2 glycoprotein‐1 and ficolin 3. Western blotting validated the relative increases in serum protein levels for three of the proteins identified, demonstrating the utility of this approach for the identification of novel serum biomarkers for ovarian cancer.
Comparison and prediction of the retention in micellar electrokinetic chromatography and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography for disubstituted benzenes
Authors: Angkanasiriporn Siriporn , Singsung Wuttipong , Petsom Amorn , Nhujak Thumnoon 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRetention index (I), rather than retention factor (k), was found to be a more reasonable parameter for comparison of the relative affinity of disubstituted benzenes in MEEKC and MEKC, due to independent of I with the SDS surfactant concentration. MEKC and MEEKC may give similar or different I values, depending on types of moieties. With known I and Kow for alkylbenzenes as references in MEKC and MEEKC, the values of Kow for disubstituted benzenes can be estimated from the observed I values, where Kow is the octanol–water distribution constant. In addition, a group additive approach can be used to predict I for disubstituted benzenes with different moieties from the average observed I for the disubstituted benzenes with same moieties. However, electronic effects and/or intramolecular interaction may result in the different observed I from prediction.
A conservative momentum‐exchange algorithm for interaction problem between fluid and deformable particles
Authors: Takeuchi Shintaro , Yuki Yoshihiko , Ueyama Atsushi , Kajishima Takeo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA new method for studying interaction between elastic object and a fluid is developed. The fluid phase including solid interface is solved by our immersed boundary method of body‐force type (Kajishima et al., JSME Int. J. Ser. B 2001; 44(4):526–535, Kajishima and Takiguchi, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 2002; 23(5):639–646). The method has enabled the simulation of interaction problem between a fluid and rigid spherical particles of a total number of O(103) by an efficient momentum‐exchange technique through volume‐averaged velocity field of multiple phases. In the present study, the fluid–solid interaction force is incorporated into FEM. This process is done by a superposition of the hydrodynamic force field with the solid internal force field. The uniqueness of the present approach lies in the implementation of the inter‐phase momentum exchange through the distributed force field shared by both Eulerian and moving Lagrangian references. The applicability of the present method is demonstrated in two 2‐D flow fields including a large number of elastic particles. The effects of particle geometry and elasticity are investigated. The results suggest that particles' neutral geometry and deformability exhibit strong correlation to rotating motions and clustering behaviours of the particles in the fluid flow. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance evaluation of nonlinear algorithms with line‐search for partitioned coupling techniques for fluid–structure interactions
Authors: Minami S. , Yoshimura S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRecently tightly coupled partitioned iterative methods have drawn a great deal of attention due to easy implementation and encapsulation features, and many nonlinear algorithms have been proposed so far. However, their practical performances have not been well understood yet. This paper describes the intensive parametric study on convergence and stability performances of four kinds of nonlinear algorithms with line‐search techniques for partitioned iterative methods of steady/unsteady fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems. Here we choose three typical FSI problems as test problems, i.e. (1) Collapsible channel as a steady problem, (2) Cavity with flexible bottom membrane and (3) Channel with flexible wall as unsteady problems. Efficiency and robustness dependency of those nonlinear algorithms on physical parameters such as degree of nonlinearity, added mass effect, time step, and control parameters peculiar to each algorithm are clarified. Through those tests, we demonstrate that the Line extrapolation method and Broyden method with Backtrack line‐search technique show good performances in both stability and efficiency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic EEG‐informed fMRI modeling of the pain matrix using 20‐ms root mean square segments
Authors: Brinkmeyer Juergen , Mobascher Arian , Warbrick Tracy , Musso Francesco , Wittsack Hans‐Jörg , Saleh Andreas , Schnitzler Alfons , Winterer Georg 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPrevious studies on the spatio‐temporal dynamics of cortical pain processing using electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), or intracranial recordings point towards a high degree of parallelism, e.g. parallel instead of sequential activation of primary and secondary somatosensory areas or simultaneous activation of somatosensory areas and the mid‐cingulate cortex. However, because of the inverse problem, EEG and MEG provide only limited spatial resolution and certainty about the generators of cortical pain‐induced electromagnetic activity, especially when multiple sources are simultaneously active. On the other hand, intracranial recordings are invasive and do not provide whole‐brain coverage. In this study, we thought to investigate the spatio‐temporal dynamics of cortical pain processing in 10 healthy subjects using simultaneous EEG/functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Voltages of 20 ms segments of the EEG root mean square (a global, largely reference‐free measure of event‐related EEG activity) in a time window 0–400 ms poststimulus were used to model trial‐to‐trial fluctuations in the fMRI blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal. EEG‐derived regressors explained additional variance in the BOLD signal from 140 ms poststimulus onward. According to this analysis, the contralateral parietal operculum was the first cortical area to become activated upon painful laser stimulation. The activation pattern in BOLD analyses informed by subsequent EEG‐time windows suggests largely parallel signal processing in the bilateral operculo‐insular and mid‐cingulate cortices. In that regard, our data are in line with previous reports. However, the approach presented here is noninvasive and bypasses the inverse problem using only temporal information from the EEG. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strong expression of IGF1R in pediatric gastrointestinal stromal tumors without IGF1R genomic amplification
Authors: Janeway Katherine A. , Zhu Mei‐Jun , Barretina Jordi , Perez‐Atayde Antonio , Demetri George D. , Fletcher Jonathan A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWildtype (WT) gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), lacking mutations in KIT or PDGFRA, represent 85% of GISTs in pediatric patients. Treatment options for pediatric WT GIST are limited. Recently, expression profiling of a limited number of pediatric and adult WT GISTs and more in depth study of a single pediatric WT GIST implicated the insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) as a potential therapeutic target in pediatric WT GIST. We performed immunoblotting, SNP and FISH studies to determine the extent of expression, biochemical activation and genomic amplification of IGF1R in a larger number of pediatric WT GISTs. Pediatric WT GISTs expressed IGF1R strongly, whereas typical adult KIT mutant GISTs did not. IGF1R gene amplification was not detected in pediatric WT GISTs, and some KIT‐mutant GISTs had IGF1R gene deletion due to monosomy 15. Despite the absence of apparent genomic activation mechanisms accounting for overexpression, clinical study of IGF1R‐directed therapies in pediatric WT GIST is warranted.