bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Low‐Temperature Environmental Exposure on the Mechanical Properties and Structural Stability of Dental Zirconia
Authors: Alghazzawi Tariq F. , Lemons Jack , Liu Perng‐Ru , Essig Milton E. , Bartolucci Alfred A. , Janowski Gregg M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPurpose: The effect of dental fabrication procedures of zirconia monolithic restorations and changes in properties during low‐temperature exposure in the oral environment is not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of procedures for fabrication of dental restorations by low‐temperature simulation and relative changes of flexural strength, nanoindentation hardness, Young's modulus, surface roughness, and structural stability of yttria‐stabilized zirconia.Materials and Methods: A total of 64 zirconia specimens were prepared to simulate dental practice. The specimens were divided into the control group and the accelerated aging group. The simulated group followed the same procedure as the control group except for the aging treatment. Atomic force microscopy was used to measure surface roughness. The degree of tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic transformation was determined using X‐ray diffraction. Nanoindentation hardness and modulus measurements were carried out on the surface of the zirconia specimens using a nanoindenter XP/G200 system. The yttria levels for nonaged and aged specimens were measured using energy dispersive spectroscopy. Flexural strength was determined using the piston‐on‐three‐ball test. The t‐test was used to determine statistical significance.Results: Means and standard deviations were calculated using all observations for each condition and evaluated using a group t‐test (p < 0.05). The LTD treatment resulted in increased surface roughness (from 12.23 nm to 21.56 nm for Ra and 15.06 nm to 27.45 nm for RMS) and monoclinic phase fractions (from 2% to 21%), with a concomitant decrease in hardness (from 16.56 GPa to 15.14 GPa) and modulus (from 275.68 GPa to 256.56 GPa). Yttria content (from 4.43% to 4.46%) and flexural strength (from 586 MPa to 578 MPa) were not significantly altered, supporting longer term in vivo function without biomechanical fracture.Conclusion: The LTD treatment induced the tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic transformation with surface roughening in zirconia prepared using dental procedures.
Managing Differentiation‐Integration Duality in Supply Chain Integration*
Authors: Terjesen Siri , Patel Pankaj C. , Sanders Nada R. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTExisting research focuses on the positive returns to operational performance of firms’ supply chain integration (SCI) with suppliers, buyers, and customers. We draw on differentiation‐integration duality and contingency theory to suggest that manufacturing firms should seek to achieve both integration through supply chain coordination activities and differentiation through modularity‐based manufacturing practices (MBMP). Using a sample of 261 manufacturing firms, we identify an inverse U‐shaped relationship between SCI and operational performance. Furthermore, we find support for the importance of differentiation‐integration duality as a fit between high levels of SCI and high levels of MBMP results in enhanced operational performance. We find support for a contingency perspective as fit is especially critical at higher levels of environmental uncertainty. Implications for theory, practice, and further research are suggested.
Meanings and feelings: Local interpretations of the use of violence in the Egyptian revolution
Authors: GHANNAM FARHA 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTI trace the shifting feelings of some of my close interlocutors in a low‐income neighborhood in Cairo and explore some of the cultural meanings that informed their attempts to make sense of the changing situation during the first days of the Egyptian revolution. Specifically, I reflect on how existing concepts that structure uses of violence have been central to the way men and women interpreted the attacks of baltagiyya (thugs) on the protesters in Tahrir Square and how these interpretations ultimately framed my interlocutors’ feelings and views of the revolution, Mubarak's regime, and its supporters. [revolution, baltagiyya, violence, Egypt, structures of feeling]
No longer a bargain: Women, masculinity, and the Egyptian uprising
Authors: HAFEZ SHERINE 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAlthough, according to eyewitness accounts, women made up 20 to 50 percent of the protesters in Tahrir Square, the events immediately following the Egyptian uprising revealed that women would not be part of the political deliberations between various contending parties and the Supreme Military Council in charge of the country. In this essay, I take a close look at the sociocultural dynamics behind the inclusion–dis‐inclusion of women in the political sphere to question how this contradiction has, in recent years, characterized the nature of gender relations in Arab countries like Egypt. Multilayered, rapidly changing, and challenged patriarchal power lies at the very core of the uprising in Egypt. What the events of this uprising have revealed is that notions of masculinity undermined by a repressive regime have observably shifted the terms of the patriarchal bargain. [Egypt's uprising, gender relations in the Middle East, masculinity, patriarchy, patriarchal bargain, state patriarchy, women and revolution]
Strength and vulnerability after Egypt's Arab Spring uprisings
Authors: HAMDY SHERINE F. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTFollowing the revolts that unseated Hosni Mubarak in February 2011, a contradictory discourse has emerged in which Egyptians imagine themselves to be resilient in body and spirit but also enfeebled by years of political corruption and state negligence. During the mass protests in Cairo's Tahrir Square, the regime's orchestrated violence neither crushed the movement nor provoked activists to abandon their vow of peaceful protest. However, Egyptians’ pride in the physical and moral resilience that enabled this feat is infused with an understanding of its fragility; many face vulnerabilities to disease within the context of environmental toxins, malnutrition, and a broken, overtaxed health care system. And they mourn the deterioration of moral principles and values after years of brutal oppression and social injustice. These conflicting views—of vitality and vulnerability—have led to a dizzying oscillation between optimism and despair; even as people celebrate the accomplishments of the uprisings, they are also keenly aware of the formidable challenges that lie ahead. [Egypt, revolution, Arab Spring, political awakening, Mubarak, doctors]
Soviet science and post‐Soviet faith: Etigelov's imperishable body
Authors: QUIJADA JUSTINE BUCK 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn Buryatia, the imperishable body of Dashi‐Dorzho Etigelov, a prerevolutionary Buddhist monk, is said to be a “scientifically proven miracle” endowed with healing powers. I argue that this claim provides a focal point for the renegotiation of Soviet discourses on science and religion. I demonstrate that Soviet modernist discourse produced religion and science as mutually constitutive categories. Although subsequent political transformations have shifted the valences of religion and science, this mutually constitutive relationship remains central to understanding health, healing, and religious practices in post‐Soviet Russia. [religion, science, postsocialism, healing, Buddhism, Buryatia, Russian Federation]
Control of periodontal infections: A randomized controlled trial I. The primary outcome attachment gain and pocket depth reduction at treated sites
Authors: Goodson J. Max , Haffajee Anne D. , Socransky Sigmund S. , Kent Ralph , Teles Ricardo , Hasturk Hatice , Bogren Anna , Van Dyke Thomas , Wennstrom Jan , Lindhe Jan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the treatment outcome of scaling and root planing (SRP) in combination with systemic antibiotics, local antibiotic therapy and/or periodontal surgery.Material and MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐seven patients were assigned to eight groups treated by SRP plus none, one, two or three adjunctive treatments and monitored for 24 months in a randomized controlled clinical trial using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Systemic amoxicillin + metronidazole (SMA), local tetracycline delivery (LTC) and periodontal surgery (SURG) were evaluated as adjuncts. Changes in clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were statistically evaluated by ancova of main effects.ResultsEffects of adjunctive therapy to SRP were minimal at 3 months. Between 3 and 6 months PPD reduction occurred particularly in patients receiving periodontal surgery. After 6 months, both CAL gain and PPD reduction reached a plateau that was maintained at 24 months in all groups. The 24‐month CAL gain was improved by SMA (0.50 mm) while PPD was reduced by SMA (0.51 mm) and SURG (0.36 mm). Smoking reduced CAL gain and PPD reduction.ConclusionPatients receiving adjunctive therapies generally exhibited improved CAL gain and/or PPD reduction when compared with the outcome of SRP alone. Only additive, not synergistic effects of the various adjunctive therapies were observed.
Close association between oral Candida species and oral mucosal disorders in patients with xerostomia
Authors: Shinozaki S , Moriyama M , Hayashida J‐N , Tanaka A , Maehara T , Ieda S , Nakamura S 
Published: February 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 667–672Objective:  Heightened interest in oral health has lead to an increase in patients complaining of xerostomia, which is associated with various oral mucosal disorders. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Candida species and oral mucosal disorders in patients with xerostomia.Subjects and Methods:  We evaluated whole salivary flow rate and presence of oral mucosal disorders in 48 patients with xerostomia and 15 healthy controls. The number of Candida species was measured as colony‐forming units after propagation on selective medium. Identification of Candida at the species level was carried out by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. We then examined the relationship between Candida species and oral mucosal symptoms.Results:  Compared with controls, patients with xerostomia exhibited significantly decreased whole salivary flow rate, increased rate of oral mucosal symptoms, and higher numbers of Candida. Salivary flow rate negatively correlated with the number Candida. Among patients with oral candidiasis, Candida albicanswas isolated from the tongue mucosa and Candida glabratawas isolated from the angle of the mouth.Conclusion:  These results suggest that particular Candida species are involved in the pathogenesis of oral mucosal disorders in patients with xerostomia.
Developmental neurotoxicity testing: Scientific approaches towards the next generation to protect the developing nervous system of children. An overview of the Developmental Neurotoxicity Symposium in 2011
Authors: Aoyama Hiroaki 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe Developmental Neurotoxicology (DNT) Committee has been working to promote developmental neurotoxicology and related scientific areas of interest to integrate academic and regulatory sciences in this field since the Behavioral Teratology Meeting was established by the Japanese Teratology Society in 1982. The committee has led several large‐scale collaborative studies to standardize existing methodologies and held symposiums and workshops periodically at the society's annual meetings. This overview provides a history of the DNT Committee, as well as a brief summary of the DNT Symposium in 2011.
Fabrication of Functionally Graded SiO2‐Mo Material by Centrifugation and Floc‐Casting of Highly Concentrated Slurry
Authors: Honma Takuya , Sasaki Ikue , Tamura Nobuhiro , Tatami Junichi , Fujichika Shinichiro , Komeya Katsutoshi , Meguro Takeshi 
Published: February 2012

To fabricate functionally graded materials, a highly concentrated slurry of SiO2‐Mo system was prepared and centrifugal force was applied in an attempt to achieve a graded composition. Subsequently, we formed a homogeneous green body with compositional gradation by floc‐casting at 80°C, which was then fired at 1750°C for 10 min in Ar. The sintered body had compositional ratios of SiO2 and Mo as well as electrical conductivities that changed gradually along the direction of centrifugal force. The results demonstrate that centrifugation and control of slurry characteristics such as flocculation are effective in fabricating functionally graded SiO2‐Mo materials.
Evidence for ultrafast outflows in radio-quiet AGNs — III. Location and energetics
Authors: Tombesi F. , Cappi M. , Reeves J. N. , Braito V. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Using the results of a previous X-ray photoionization modelling of blueshifted Fe K absorption lines on a sample of 42 local radio-quiet AGNs observed with XMM—Newton, in this Letter we estimate the location and energetics of the associated ultrafast outflows (UFOs). Due to significant uncertainties, we are essentially able to place only lower/upper limits. On average, their location is in the interval ∼0.0003–0.03 pc (∼ 102–104rs) from the central black hole, consistent with what is expected for accretion disc winds/outflows. The mass outflow rates are constrained between ∼0.01 and 1 M⊙ yr−1, corresponding to &gt;rsim5–10 per cent of the accretion rates. The average lower/upper limits on the mechanical power are log ĖK ≃ 42.6–44.6 erg s−1. However, the minimum possible value of the ratio between the mechanical power and bolometric luminosity is constrained to be comparable or higher than the minimum required by simulations of feedback induced by winds/outflows. Therefore, this work demonstrates that UFOs are indeed capable to provide a significant contribution to the AGN cosmological feedback, in agreement with theoretical expectations and the recent observation of interactions between AGN outflows and the interstellar medium in several Seyfert galaxies.
Outcomes of the West Australian school healthy food and drink policy
Authors: PETTIGREW Simone , PESCUD Melanie , DONOVAN Robert J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim:  The introduction of the Healthy Food and Drink Policy in Western Australian government schools caused controversy. Of particular concern were anticipated financial difficulties associated with replacing high‐margin processed foods with healthier foods that may be more labour intensive and expensive. The present study investigated the outcomes for school canteens to assess whether these concerns were realised.Methods:  A multi‐method approach was used to obtain data from school principals. Ten principals participated in individual interviews and 310 (44% response rate) responded to an online survey.Results:  A majority of the study participants reported a favourable attitude to the Policy, both prior to and after its introduction. Most participants perceived improvements in the healthiness and quality of canteen menu items as a result of the Policy. There was a significant increase in the number of school canteens reporting break‐even (19% to 28%), a non‐significant decrease in the number being in profit (57% to 48%), and a non‐significant increase in the number of canteens reporting a loss (10% to 16%). These results appear to be largely the result of higher‐than‐CPI (consumer price index) increases in food prices and a reluctance to pass these increases on to canteen users.Conclusions:  The results are encouraging in the light of the new National Healthy School Canteen Guidelines. Efforts to improve children's food environments may attract criticism from a vocal minority, but are likely to receive support from key stakeholders.
Increasing dietetic referrals: Perceptions of general practitioners, practice nurses and dietitians
Authors: MITCHELL Lana J. , MACDONALD‐WICKS Lesley , CAPRA Sandra 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim:  To examine Australian private practice dietitians' relationships with general practitioners and practice nurses as a factor that influences dietetic referrals.Methods:  Semistructured telephone interviews and an online survey were conducted with Australian private practice dietitians (n = 52 and n = 90, respectively) between April and May 2008. Semistructured questionnaires were conducted with general practitioners (n = 11) and practice nurses (n = 12) from the ‘GP Access’ Division of General Practice between March and July 2007.Results:  General practitioners' relationships with dietitians were believed to be the primary influencing factor on referral, provided by 81% of survey dietitians and 25% of interview dietitians. The most common means of initially forming relationships with general practitioners were face‐to‐face introduction (48%) and introductory letters (37%). Patient feedback via letter, fax or email was the most popular method of maintaining relationships with general practitioners (77%). Meeting with general practitioners in person was believed to be the most effective activity in building relationships with general practitioners and increasing referral rates (42%). Referral was made easier for general practitioners by providing paper (37%) or electronic (19%) referral forms and contact details (19%). The majority of general practitioners and dietitians believed that the ‘Allied Health Services Under Medicare’ made it easier to refer to a dietitian.Conclusions:  Dietetic referrals can be encouraged through good relationships between general practitioners, practice nurses and dietitians. Private practice dietitians would benefit from cultivating relationships with general practitioners and practice nurses through personal contact and providing good patient feedback.
Course of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus infection in Dutch patients
Authors: Friesema Ingrid H. M. , Meijer Adam , van Gageldonk‐Lafeber Arianne B. , van der Lubben Mariken , van Beek Janko , Donker Gé A. , Prins Jan M. , de Jong Menno D. , Boskamp Simone , Isken Leslie D. , Koopmans Marion P. G. , van der Sande Marianne A. B. ,   Dutch ZonMw Influenza A(H1N1) 2009 consortium
Published: February 2012

Please cite this paper as: Friesema et al. (2012). Course of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus infection in Dutch patients. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(3), e16–e20.The clinical dynamics of influenza A(H1N1) 2009 infections in 61 laboratory‐confirmed Dutch cases were examined. An episode lasted a median of 7·5 days of which 2 days included fever. Respiratory symptoms resolved slowly, while systemic symptoms peaked early in the episode and disappeared quickly. Severity of each symptom was rated highest in the first few days. Furthermore, diarrhoea was negatively associated with viral load, but not with faecal excretion of influenza virus. Cases with comorbidities appeared to have higher viral loads than the cases without, suggesting a less effective immune response. These results complement information obtained through traditional surveillance.
Generation of Ensemble Streamflow Forecasts Using an Enhanced Version of the Snowmelt Runoff Model1
Authors: Harshburger Brian J. , Walden Von P. , Humes Karen S. , Moore Brandon C. , Blandford Troy R. , Rango Albert 
Published: February 2012

Harshburger, Brian J., Von P. Walden, Karen S. Humes, Brandon C. Moore, Troy R. Blandford, and Albert Rango, 2012. Generation of Ensemble Streamflow Forecasts Using an Enhanced Version of the Snowmelt Runoff Model. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(4): 643‐655. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00642.xAbstract:  As water demand increases in the western United States, so does the need for accurate streamflow forecasts. We describe a method for generating ensemble streamflow forecasts (1‐15 days) using an enhanced version of the snowmelt runoff model (SRM). Forecasts are produced for three snowmelt‐dominated basins in Idaho. Model inputs are derived from meteorological forecasts, snow cover imagery, and surface observations from Snowpack Telemetry stations. The model performed well at lead times up to 7 days, but has significant predictability out to 15 days. The timing of peak flow and the streamflow volume are captured well by the model, but the peak‐flow value is typically low. The model performance was assessed by computing the coefficient of determination (R2), percentage of volume difference (Dv%), and a skill score that quantifies the usefulness of the forecasts relative to climatology. The average R2 value for the mean ensemble is >0.8 for all three basins for lead times up to seven days. The Dv% is fairly unbiased (within ±10%) out to seven days in two of the basins, but the model underpredicts Dv% in the third. The average skill scores for all basins are >0.6 for lead times up to seven days, indicating that the ensemble model outperforms climatology. These results validate the usefulness of the ensemble forecasting approach for basins of this type, suggesting that the ensemble version of SRM might be applied successfully to other basins in the Intermountain West.
Influence of children's oral health‐related quality of life on school performance and school absenteeism
Authors: Piovesan Chaiana , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Guedes Renata Saraiva , Ardenghi Thiago Machado 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective: This study assessed the relation of child oral health‐related quality of life with school performance and school absenteeism.Methods: We followed a cross‐sectional design with a multistage random sample of 312 12‐year‐old schoolchildren living in Brazil. The participants completed the child perceptions questionnaire (CPQ11–14) that provides information about psychological factors, while their parents or guardians answered questions on their socioeconomic status measured by parents' education level and household income. A dental examination of each child provided information on the prevalence of caries and dental trauma. Data on school performance, which included the results of baseline Brazilian language (Portuguese) tests, and school absenteeism (school days missed) were obtained from the school register. Multilevel linear regression was used to investigate the association among psychological and socioeconomic status and children's school performance.Results: In the multiple model, after adjusting for individual covariates, being a girl was associated with higher school performance (P < 0.05), whereas low household income (P < 0.05), higher mean of CPQ11–14 (P < 0.05), and higher school days missed (P < 0.001) were identified as individual determinants of lower school performance. When the school‐level covariates were included in the model, the association between subjects' level characteristics and school performance still persisted.Conclusion: Children's school performance and absence were influenced by psychological and socioeconomic conditions.