bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guided Treatment Improves Outcome of Patients with Enterocutaneous Fistulas
Authors: Visschers Ruben G. J. , van Gemert Wim G. , Winkens Bjorn , Soeters Peter B. , Olde Damink Steven W. M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was designed to evaluate the effects of guided treatment of patients with an enterocutaneous fistula and to evaluate the effect of prolonged period of convalescence on outcome.MethodsAll consecutive patients with an enterocutaneous fistula treated between 2006 and 2010 were included in this study. Patient information was gathered prospectively. Treatment of patients focused on sepsis control, optimization of nutritional status, wound care, establishing the anatomy of the fistula, timing of surgery, and surgical principles. Outcome included spontaneous and surgical closure, mortality, and postoperative recurrence. The relationship between period of convalescence and recurrence rate was determined by combining the present prospective cohort with a historical cohort from our group.ResultsBetween 2006 and 2010, 79 patients underwent focused treatment for enterocutaneous fistula. Cox regression analysis showed that period of convalescence related significantly with recurrence of the fistula (hazard ratio 0.99; 95 % confidence interval 0.98–0.999; p = 0.04). Spontaneous closure occurred in 23 (29 %) patients after a median period of convalescence of 39 (range 7–163) days. Forty‐nine patients underwent operative repair after median period of 101 (range 7–374) days and achieved closure in 47 (96 %). Overall, eight patients (10 %) died.ConclusionsProlonging period of convalescence for patients with enterocutaneous fistulas improves spontaneous closure and reduces recurrence rate.
Consumption of dairy products and associations with incident diabetes, CHD and mortality in the Whitehall II study
Authors: Soedamah-Muthu Sabita S. , Masset Gabriel , Verberne Lisa , Geleijnse Johanna M. , Brunner Eric J. 
Published: June 2012

Few prospective studies have examined the effects of different types of dairy food on the risks of type 2 diabetes, CHD and mortality. We examined whether intakes of total dairy, high-fat dairy, low-fat dairy, milk and fermented dairy products were related to these outcomes in the Whitehall II prospective cohort study. At baseline, dairy consumption was assessed by FFQ among 4526 subjects (72 % men) with a mean age 56 (sd 6) years. Death certificates and medical records were used to ascertain CHD mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction. Incident diabetes was detected by the oral glucose tolerance test or self-report. Incidence data were analysed using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for lifestyle and dietary factors. During approximately 10 years of follow-up, 273 diabetes, 323 CHD and 237 all-cause mortality cases occurred. In multivariable models, intakes of total dairy and types of dairy products were not significantly associated with incident diabetes or CHD (all P values for trend >0·1). Fermented dairy products was inversely associated with overall mortality (hazard ratios approximately 0·7 in the middle and highest tertiles; P for trend < 0·01) but not with incident CHD or diabetes (P>0·3). In conclusion, intakes of total dairy and types of dairy products showed no consistent relationship with incident diabetes, CHD or all-cause mortality.
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TREATMENT AGAINST SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTH INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN AGED 12–59 MONTHS USING THE HEALTH FACILITY APPROACH ALONE OR COMBINED WITH A COMMUNITY-DIRECTED APPROACH IN A RURAL AREA OF ZAMBIA
Authors: HALWINDI H. , MAGNUSSEN P. , SIZIYA S. , MEYROWITSCH D. W. , OLSEN A. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryA health facility-based (HF) approach to delivering anthelminthic drugs to children aged 12–59 months in Zambia was compared with an approach where community-directed treatment (ComDT) was added to the HF approach (HF+ComDT). This paper reports on the socio-demographic factors associated with treatment coverage in the HF+ComDT and HF areas after 18 months of implementation. Data were collected by interviewing 288 and 378 caretakers of children aged 12–59 months in the HF+ComDT and HF areas, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for data analysis. Statistically significant predictors of a child being treated were: a child coming from the HF+ComDT area, being 12–36 months old, the family having lived in the area for >20 years, coming from a household with only one under-five child and living ≤3 km from the health facility. It is concluded that socio-demographic factors are of public health relevance and affect treatment coverage in both the HF+ComDT and the HF approaches. The implementation and strengthening of interventions like ComDT that bring treatment closer to households will enable more children to have access to treatment.
Hypercyclic composition operators on spaces of real analytic functions
Authors: BONET JOSÉ , DOMAŃSKI PAWEŁ 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe study the dynamical behaviour of composition operatorsCϕdefined on spaces(Ω) of real analytic functions on an open subset Ω of ℝd. We characterize when such operators are topologically transitive, i.e. when for every pair of non-empty open sets there is an orbit intersecting both of them. Moreover, under mild assumptions on the composition operator, we investigate when it is sequentially hypercyclic, i.e., when it has a sequentially dense orbit. If ϕ is a self map on a simply connected complex neighbourhoodUof ℝ,U≠ ℂ, then topological transitivity, hypercyclicity and sequential hypercyclicity ofCϕ:(ℝ) →(ℝ) are equivalent.
The structure of Fe‐Ni alloy in Earth's inner core
Authors: Tateno Shigehiko , Hirose Kei , Komabayashi Tetsuya , Ozawa Haruka , Ohishi Yasuo 
Published: June 2012

The crystal structure of Fe‐10%Ni was investigated up to 340 GPa and 4700 K, corresponding to the Earth's inner core conditions by synchrotron X‐ray diffraction measurementsin‐situat ultrahigh pressure and temperature in a laser‐heated diamond‐anvil cell. The results show that hexagonal closed‐packed (hcp) structure is stable throughout the experimental conditions investigated with no evidence for a phase transition to body‐centered cubic (bcc) or face‐centered cubic (fcc) phases. The axialc/a ratio of the hcp crystal obtained around 330 GPa has a small temperature dependence similar to the axial ratio of pure Fe. Iron alloy with less than 10% Ni crystallizes to an hcp structure with c/a ratio of ∼1.61 at inner core conditions, although the effect of small amount of light elements remains to be examined by experiments.
The structure and fault activity of the Makran accretionary prism
Authors: Smith Gemma , McNeill Lisa , Henstock Timothy J. , Bull Jon 
Published: June 2012

The Makran Subduction Zone has the highest incoming sediment thickness (up to 7.5 km) of any subduction zone. These sediments have formed a wide accretionary prism (∼400 km). Seismicity in the Makran is generally low; however the margin experienced an Mw 8.1 earthquake in 1945 which generated a significant regional tsunami. Seismic reflection data and swath bathymetry data from offshore Pakistan are used to analyze the structure and fault activity of the outer accretionary prism. The outer prism has a simple structure of seaward verging imbricate thrust faults, many continuous for over 100 km along strike. Fault activity is analyzed using basin stratigraphy and fault geometry, revealing a frontal continuously active zone, a central intermittently active zone, and a landward inactive zone. Over 75% of the faults in the seaward ∼70 km of the prism show evidence for recent activity. The décollement occurs within the lower sediment section, but steps onto the top‐basement surface in regions of elevated basement topography. Fault spacing (6 km) and taper (4.5°) are comparable to other margins such as S. Hikurangi, Cascadia and Nankai, suggesting that high sediment input is not leading to an unusual prism structure. The décollement is unreflective, which is unexpected considering other prism characteristics predicting a weak surface, and may suggest a potentially stronger décollement than previously predicted. This study provides a significant advance in our understanding of the structure of an end‐member convergent margin and demonstrates that systematic analyses of accretionary prism structure can help to elucidate subduction zone dynamics with ultimate relevance to seismogenic potential.
Influence of geogenic factors on microbial communities in metallogenic Australian soils
Authors: Reith Frank , Brugger Joel , Zammit Carla M , Gregg Adrienne L , Goldfarb Katherine C , Andersen Gary L , DeSantis Todd Z , Piceno Yvette M , Brodie Eoin L , Lu Zhenmei , He Zhili , Zhou Jizhong , Wakelin Steven A 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Links between microbial community assemblages and geogenic factors were assessed in 187 soil samples collected from four metal-rich provinces across Australia. Field-fresh soils and soils incubated with soluble Au(III) complexes were analysed using three-domain multiplex-terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, and phylogenetic (PhyloChip) and functional (GeoChip) microarrays. Geogenic factors of soils were determined using lithological-, geomorphological- and soil-mapping combined with analyses of 51 geochemical parameters. Microbial communities differed significantly between landforms, soil horizons, lithologies and also with the occurrence of underlying Au deposits. The strongest responses to these factors, and to amendment with soluble Au(III) complexes, was observed in bacterial communities. PhyloChip analyses revealed a greater abundance and diversity of Alphaproteobacteria (especially Sphingomonas spp.), and Firmicutes (Bacillus spp.) in Au-containing and Au(III)-amended soils. Analyses of potential function (GeoChip) revealed higher abundances of metal-resistance genes in metal-rich soils. For example, genes that hybridised with metal-resistance genes copA, chrA and czcA of a prevalent aurophillic bacterium, Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34, occurred only in auriferous soils. These data help establish key links between geogenic factors and the phylogeny and function within soil microbial communities. In particular, the landform, which is a crucial factor in determining soil geochemistry, strongly affected microbial community structures.
Temperature dependence of protein folding kinetics in living cells
Authors: Guo Minghao , Xu Yangfan , Gruebele Martin 
Published: June 2012

We measure the stability and folding rate of a mutant of the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) inside bone tissue cells as a function of temperature from 38 to 48 °C. To facilitate measurement in individual living cells, we developed a rapid laser temperature stepping method capable of measuring complete thermal melts and kinetic traces in about two min. We find that this method yields improved thermal melts compared to heating a sample chamber or microscope stage. By comparing results for six cells with in vitro data, we show that the protein is stabilized by about 6 kJ/mole in the cytoplasm, but the temperature dependence of folding kinetics is similar to in vitro. The main difference is a slightly steeper temperature dependence of the folding rate in some cells that can be rationalized in terms of temperature-dependent crowding, local viscosity, or hydrophobicity. The observed rate coefficients can be fitted within measurement uncertainty by an effective two-state model, even though PGK folds by a multistate mechanism. We validate the effective two-state model with a three-state free energy landscape of PGK to illustrate that the effective fitting parameters can represent a more complex underlying free energy landscape.
Mode change of millennial CO
2
variability during the last glacial cycle associated with a bipolar marine carbon seesaw
Authors: Bereiter Bernhard , Lüthi Dieter , Siegrist Michael , Schüpbach Simon , Stocker Thomas F. , Fischer Hubertus 
Published: June 2012

Important elements of natural climate variations during the last ice age are abrupt temperature increases over Greenland and related warming and cooling periods over Antarctica. Records from Antarctic ice cores have shown that the global carbon cycle also plays a role in these changes. The available data shows that atmospheric CO
2
follows closely temperatures reconstructed from Antarctic ice cores during these variations. Here, we present new high-resolution CO
2
data from Antarctic ice cores, which cover the period between 115,000 and 38,000 y before present. Our measurements show that also smaller Antarctic warming events have an imprint in CO
2
concentrations. Moreover, they indicate that during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5, the peak of millennial CO
2
variations lags the onset of Dansgaard/Oeschger warmings by 250 ± 190 y. During MIS 3, this lag increases significantly to 870 ± 90 y. Considerations of the ocean circulation suggest that the millennial variability associated with the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) undergoes a mode change from MIS 5 to MIS 4 and 3. Ocean carbon inventory estimates imply that during MIS 3 additional carbon is derived from an extended mass of carbon-enriched Antarctic Bottom Water. The absence of such a carbon-enriched water mass in the North Atlantic during MIS 5 can explain the smaller amount of carbon released to the atmosphere after the Antarctic temperature maximum and, hence, the shorter lag. Our new data provides further constraints for transient coupled carbon cycle-climate simulations during the entire last glacial cycle.
Association ofBacillus cereusInfection with Contaminated Alcohol Prep Pads
Authors: Dolan Susan A. , Littlehorn Cynthia , Glodé Mary P. , Dowell Elaine , Xavier Karen , Nyquist Ann-Christine , Todd James K. 
Published: June 2012

Background.Bacillusspecies have caused healthcare-associated outbreaks of invasive disease as well as pseudo-outbreaks. We report an outbreak investigation of blood cultures positive forBacillus cereusassociated with alcohol prep pads (APPs) contaminated withB. cereusandBacillusspecies resulting in a rapid internal product recall and subsequent international product recall.Design.Epidemiologic and microbiologic outbreak investigation.Setting.A 300-bed tertiary care children's hospital in Aurora, Colorado.Patients.Patients with blood or cerebrospinal fluid cultures positive forB. cereus.Methods.Three patients with blood cultures positive forB. cereuswere identified in late 2010. Breaches in procedural and surgical techniques, common interventions, and products were explored. The following 3 common products were cultured: sterile saline syringes, chlorhexidine/alcohol skin preparation solution, and APPs. Repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (Rep-PCR) was used to compare isolates obtained from patients and from APPs and was confirmed by independent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.Results.There appeared to be a significant increase in blood cultures positive forB. cereusduring 2009-2010.B. cereusand otherBacillusspecies were cultured from the internal contents of 63.3% of APPs not labeled as sterile, and 8 of the 10 positive lots were manufactured after 2007. None of the isolates obtained from the patients matched strains isolated from the APPs. However, some lots of APPs had strains that were indistinguishable from one another.Conclusions.APPs that were not labeled as sterile were contaminated withBacillusspecies. The product was immediately recalled internally and replaced with APPs from another manufacturer that were labeled as sterile. On January 3, 2011, the manufacturer voluntarily recalled its APPs. Healthcare facilities, healthcare providers, and users of APPs should avoid the use of APPs not specifically labeled as sterile.
Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC), Part I: Effectiveness of a Multidimensional Infection Control Approach on Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Rates in Pediatric Intensive Care Units of 6 Developing Countries
Authors: Rosenthal Victor D. , Ramachandran Bala , Dueñas Lourdes , Álvarez-Moreno Carlos , Navoa-Ng J. A. , Armas-Ruiz Alberto , Ersoz Gulden , Matta-Cortés Lorena , Pawar Mandakini , Nevzat-Yalcin Ata , Rodriguez-Ferrer Marena , de Casares Ana Concepción Bran , Linares Claudia , Villanueva Victoria D. , Campuzano Roberto , Kaya Ali , Rendon-Campo Luis Fernando , Gupta Amit , Turhan Ozge , Barahona-Guzmán Nayide , de Jesús-Machuca Lilian , Tolentino María Corazon V. , Mena-Brito Jorge , Kuyucu Necdet , Astudillo Yamileth , Saini Narinder , Gunay Nurgul , Sarmiento-Villa Guillermo , Gumus Eylul , Lagares-Guzmán Alfredo , Dursun Oguz 
Published: June 2012

Design.A before-after prospective surveillance study to assess the impact of a multidimensional infection control approach for the reduction of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rates.Setting.Pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) of hospital members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from 10 cities of the following 6 developing countries: Colombia, El Salvador, India, Mexico, Philippines, and Turkey.Patients.PICU inpatients.Methods.We performed a prospective active surveillance to determine rates of CAUTI among 3,877 patients hospitalized in 10 PICUs for a total of 27,345 bed-days. The study was divided into a baseline period (phase 1) and an intervention period (phase 2). In phase 1, surveillance was performed without the implementation of the multidimensional approach. In phase 2, we implemented a multidimensional infection control approach that included outcome surveillance, process surveillance, feedback on CAUTI rates, feedback on performance, education, and a bundle of preventive measures. The rates of CAUTI obtained in phase 1 were compared with the rates obtained in phase 2, after interventions were implemented.Results.During the study period, we recorded 8,513 urinary catheter (UC) days, including 1,513 UC-days in phase 1 and 7,000 UC-days in phase 2. In phase 1, the CAUTI rate was 5.9 cases per 1,000 UC-days, and in phase 2, after implementing the multidimensional infection control approach for CAUTI prevention, the rate of CAUTI decreased to 2.6 cases per 1,000 UC-days (relative risk, 0.43 [95% confidence interval, 0.21–1.0]), indicating a rate reduction of 57%.Conclusions.Our findings demonstrated that implementing a multidimensional infection control approach is associated with a significant reduction in the CAUTI rate of PICUs in developing countries.
Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC), Part II: Impact of a Multidimensional Strategy to Reduce Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in 10 Developing Countries
Authors: Rosenthal Victor D. , Rodríguez-Calderón Maria E. , Rodríguez-Ferrer Marena , Singhal Tanu , Pawar Mandakini , Sobreyra-Oropeza Martha , Barkat Amina , Atencio-Espinoza Teodora , Berba Regina , Navoa-Ng J. A. , Dueñas Lourdes , Ben-Jaballah Nejla , Ozdemir Davut , Ersoz Gulden , Aygun Canan 
Published: June 2012

Design.Before-after prospective surveillance study to assess the efficacy of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional infection control program to reduce the rate of occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).Setting.Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of INICC member hospitals from 15 cities in the following 10 developing countries: Argentina, Colombia, El Salvador, India, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Tunisia, and Turkey.Patients.NICU inpatients.Methods.VAP rates were determined during a first period of active surveillance without the implementation of the multidimensional approach (phase 1) to be then compared with VAP rates after implementation of the INICC multidimensional infection control program (phase 2), which included the following practices: a bundle of infection control interventions, education, outcome surveillance, process surveillance, feedback on VAP rates, and performance feedback on infection control practices. This study was conducted by infection control professionals who applied National Health Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for healthcare-associated infections and INICC surveillance methodology.Results.During phase 1, we recorded 3,153 mechanical ventilation (MV)–days, and during phase 2, after the implementation of the bundle of interventions, we recorded 15,981 MV-days. The VAP rate was 17.8 cases per 1,000 MV-days during phase 1 and 12.0 cases per 1,000 MV-days during phase 2 (relative risk, 0.67 [95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.91]; P = .001 ), indicating a 33% reduction in VAP rate.Conclusions.Our results demonstrate that an implementation of the INICC multidimensional infection control program was associated with a significant reduction in VAP rate in NICUs in developing countries.
Top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology
Authors: MANSFIELD JOHN , GENIN STEPHANE , MAGORI SHIMPEI , CITOVSKY VITALY , SRIARIYANUM MALINEE , RONALD PAMELA , DOW MAX , VERDIER VALÉRIE , BEER STEVEN V. , MACHADO MARCOS A. , TOTH IAN , SALMOND GEORGE , FOSTER GARY D. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYMany plant bacteriologists, if not all, feel that their particular microbe should appear in any list of the most important bacterial plant pathogens. However, to our knowledge, no such list exists. The aim of this review was to survey all bacterial pathologists with an association with the journal Molecular Plant Pathology and ask them to nominate the bacterial pathogens they would place in a ‘Top 10’ based on scientific/economic importance. The survey generated 458 votes from the international community, and allowed the construction of a Top 10 bacterial plant pathogen list. The list includes, in rank order: (1) Pseudomonas syringae pathovars; (2) Ralstonia solanacearum; (3) Agrobacterium tumefaciens; (4) Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; (5) Xanthomonas campestris pathovars; (6) Xanthomonas axonopodis pathovars; (7) Erwinia amylovora; (8) Xylella fastidiosa; (9) Dickeya (dadantii and solani); (10) Pectobacterium carotovorum (and Pectobacterium atrosepticum). Bacteria garnering honourable mentions for just missing out on the Top 10 include Clavibacter michiganensis (michiganensis and sepedonicus), Pseudomonas savastanoi and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. This review article presents a short section on each bacterium in the Top 10 list and its importance, with the intention of initiating discussion and debate amongst the plant bacteriology community, as well as laying down a benchmark. It will be interesting to see, in future years, how perceptions change and which bacterial pathogens enter and leave the Top 10.