bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spirit of palliative practice: A qualitative inquiry into the spiritual journey of palliative care physicians
Authors: Penderell Adrienne , Brazil Kevin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:Much is known about the important role of spirituality in the delivery of multidimensional care for patients at the end of life. Establishing a strong physician–patient relationship in a palliative context requires physicians to have the self-awareness essential to establishing shared meaning and relationships with their patients. However, little is known about this phenomenon and therefore, this study seeks a greater understanding of physician spirituality and how caring for the terminally ill influences this inner aspect.Method:A qualitative descriptive study was used involving face-to-face interviews with six practicing palliative care physicians.Results:Conceptualized as a separate entity from religion, spirituality was described by participants as a notion relating to meaning, personal discovery, self-reflection, support, connectedness, and guidance. Spirituality and the delivery of care for the terminally ill appeared to be interrelated in a dynamic relationship where a physician's spiritual growth occurred as a result of patient interaction and that spiritual growth, in turn, was essential for providing compassionate care for the palliative patient. Spirituality also served as an influential force for physicians to engage in self-care practices.Significance of results:With spirituality as a pervasive force not only in the lives of palliative care patients, but also in those of healthcare providers, it may prove to be beneficial to use this information to guide future practice in training and education for palliative physicians in both the spiritual care of patients and in practitioner self care.
Discussing the transition to palliative care: Evaluation of a brief communication skills training program for oncology clinicians
Authors: Grainger Michelle N. , Hegarty Sue , Schofield Penelope , White Vicki , Jefford Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:Discussing the transition from active anti-cancer treatment to palliative care can be difficult for cancer patients and oncology health professionals (OHP). We developed a brief communication skills workshop to assist OHP with these conversations, and examined satisfaction with the workshop and perceived confidence regarding these discussions.Method:Interactive workshops were conducted by trained facilitators and included cognitive, behavioral, and experiential components. The major component of the workshop involved role-plays with trained actors (simulated patients). Participants completed an evaluation questionnaire.Results:Sixty-two OHP participated in workshops. Overall, participants were highly satisfied with the workshop content and format. All participants felt the workshop provided relevant practical information, and >80% thought that participation benefited their work. Over 98% said that the workshop had increased confidence in their communication skills.Significance of results:Participants were very satisfied with the workshop, and thought that participation increased confidence in communicating about the transition to palliative care. Dissemination of this model of communication skills training seems warranted.
Implementing Dialectical Behaviour Therapy: organizational pre-treatment
Authors: Swales Michaela Anne 
Published: September 2010

AbstractImplementing change in organizational systems is challenging, and implementing a new psychotherapeutic approach is no different. A literature exists on issues in implementation across a wide range of domains (technological, healthcare, justice). However, little of it is utilized in endeavours to implement innovations in psychological treatments. This paper draws on the implementation literature and on the experiences of the British Isles DBT Training Team (BIDBT) in implementing Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) in mental healthcare systems in the UK over the last 13 years. This paper describes principles and strategies of ‘organizational pre-treatment’ as a necessary prerequisite to implementation.
Requirements for Reference Level Descriptions for English
Authors: Green Anthony 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe founding purpose of the English Profile Programme is to answer the Council of Europe's (2005) call for a set of Reference Level Descriptions (RLDs) for English linked to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The Council of Europe has issued guidelines setting out broad parameters for RLD development. This paper discusses how RLD might be developed for English in relation to the aims of the CEFR, incorporating consideration of critical voices, reports on the experiences of users of the CEFR and a review of currently operational RLDs for English: theThresholdseries. On the basis of these sources, recommendations are made for the ongoing development of the English Profile Programme.
Criterial Features in Learner Corpora: Theory and Illustrations
Authors: Hawkins John A. , Buttery Paula 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOne of the major goals of the Cambridge English Profile Programme is to identify ‘criterial features’ for each of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) proficiency levels as they apply to English, and to assess the impact of different first languages on these features (through ‘transfer’ effects). The present paper defines what is meant by criterial features and proposes an initial taxonomy of four types. Numerous illustrations are given from our collaborative research to date on the Cambridge Learner Corpus. The benefits and challenges posed by these features for corpus linguistics and for theories of second language acquisition are briefly outlined, as are the benefits and challenges for language assessment practices and for publishing ventures that make use of them as supplements to the current CEFR descriptors.
Racecadotril versus placebo in the treatment of acute diarrhoea in adults
Authors: Hamza H. , Ben Khalifa H. , Baumer P. , Berard H. , Lecomte J.M. 
Published: September 2010

MethodsA two‐centre, double‐blind, parallel‐group, randomized study was carried out to compare the efficacy and tolerability of racecadotril (100 mg three times daily) and placebo in 70 adult patients with acute diarrhoea. An objective criterion of antisecretory activity, stool weight, was used.ResultsRacecadotril produced a significant (P = 0.025) decrease in stool weight during the first day of treatment compared with placebo, and was also associated with significantly fewer diarrhoeic stools than placebo after 1 day of treatment (P = 0.027). Racecadotril and placebo were equally well tolerated, and the frequency of symptoms and signs was similar in both groups after 4 days of treatment. Fewer patients on racecadotril suffered from abdominal distension following treatment (5.6% vs. 18.2% on placebo).ConclusionsRacecadotril acts rapidly to resolve acute diarrhoea and has an incidence of adverse events similar to that of placebo.
Review article: the therapeutic potential of 5‐HT3receptor antagonists in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Humphrey P.P.A. , Bountra C. , Clayton N. , Kozlowski K. 
Published: September 2010

There is evidence from studies, in both animals and humans, that 5‐HT3receptor blockade has potential value in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, particularly in those patients with diarrhoea‐predominant bowel habits. New findings suggest that 5‐HT3receptors exist on gut afferent neurones and that their activation by locally released 5‐HT leads to visceral nociceptive stimulation, in addition to increased neuronally‐mediated motor and secretory activity. If this concept is validated, it will provide a rationale for the use of 5‐HT3receptor antagonists in patients with increased gut motility, reduced fluid absorption and low nociceptive thresholds leading to abdominal pain.Alosetron is a highly selective, potent 5‐HT3receptor antagonist which is well absorbed with a long pharmacodynamic half‐life. Its ability to provide long‐lasting blockade of 5‐HT3receptors throughout the body make it an ideal candidate within its class to evaluate the clinical hypothesis that sustained and ubiquitous 5‐HT3receptor blockade is of value in the treatment of IBS.
Structures of the
Escherichia coli
ribosome with antibiotics bound near the peptidyl transferase center explain spectra of drug action
Authors: Dunkle Jack A. , Xiong Liqun , Mankin Alexander S. , Cate Jamie H. D. 
Published: September 2010

Differences between the structures of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic ribosomes account for the selective action of antibiotics. Even minor variations in the structure of ribosomes of different bacterial species may lead to idiosyncratic, species-specific interactions of the drugs with their targets. Although crystallographic structures of antibiotics bound to the peptidyl transferase center or the exit tunnel of archaeal (
Haloarcula marismortui
) and bacterial (
Deinococcus radiodurans
) large ribosomal subunits have been reported, it remains unclear whether the interactions of antibiotics with these ribosomes accurately reflect those with the ribosomes of pathogenic bacteria. Here we report X-ray crystal structures of the
Escherichia coli
ribosome in complexes with clinically important antibiotics of four major classes, including the macrolide erythromycin, the ketolide telithromycin, the lincosamide clindamycin, and a phenicol, chloramphenicol, at resolutions of ∼3.3
Å
–3.4
Å
. Binding modes of three of these antibiotics show important variations compared to the previously determined structures. Biochemical and structural evidence also indicates that interactions of telithromycin with the
E. coli
ribosome more closely resembles drug binding to ribosomes of bacterial pathogens. The present data further argue that the identity of nucleotides 752, 2609, and 2055 of 23S ribosomal RNA explain in part the spectrum and selectivity of antibiotic action.
Fundamental limit of nanophotonic light trapping in solar cells
Authors: Yu Zongfu , Raman Aaswath , Fan Shanhui 
Published: September 2010

Establishing the fundamental limit of nanophotonic light-trapping schemes is of paramount importance and is becoming increasingly urgent for current solar cell research. The standard theory of light trapping demonstrated that absorption enhancement in a medium cannot exceed a factor of 4
n
2
/ sin
2
θ
, where
n
is the refractive index of the active layer, and
θ
is the angle of the emission cone in the medium surrounding the cell. This theory, however, is not applicable in the nanophotonic regime. Here we develop a statistical temporal coupled-mode theory of light trapping based on a rigorous electromagnetic approach. Our theory reveals that the conventional limit can be substantially surpassed when optical modes exhibit deep-subwavelength-scale field confinement, opening new avenues for highly efficient next-generation solar cells.
Ethylene Suppression of Sugar-Induced Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Jeong Seok-Won , Das Prasanta Kumar , Jeoung Sae Chae , Song Ji-Young , Lee Hyun Kyoung , Kim Yeon-Ki , Kim Woo Jung , Park Yong Il , Yoo Sang-Dong , Choi Sang-Bong , Choi Giltsu , Park Youn-Il 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Anthocyanin accumulation is regulated negatively by ethylene signaling and positively by sugar and light signaling. However, the antagonistic interactions underlying these signalings remain to be elucidated fully. We show that ethylene inhibits anthocyanin accumulation induced by sucrose (Suc) and light by suppressing the expression of transcription factors that positively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis, including GLABRA3, TRANSPARENT TESTA8, and PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT1, while stimulating the concomitant expression of the negative R3-MYB regulator MYBL2. Genetic analyses show that the ethylene-mediated suppression of anthocyanin accumulation is dependent upon ethylene signaling components responsible for the triple response. Furthermore, these positive and negative signaling pathways appear to be under photosynthetic control. Suc and light induction of anthocyanin accumulation was almost fully inhibited in wild-type Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ecotype Columbia and ethylene (ethylene response1 [etr1-1]) and light (long hypocotyl1 [hy1], cryptochrome1/2, and hy5) signaling mutants treated with the photosynthetic electron transport inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. The transcript level of the sugar transporter gene SUC1 was enhanced in ecotype Columbia treated with the ethylene-binding inhibitor silver and in etr1-1, ethylene insensitive2 (ein2-1), and ein3 ein3-like1 mutants. In contrast, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea treatment reduced SUC1 expression, which indicates strongly that SUC1 represents an integrator for signals provided by sugar, light, and ethylene. SUC1 mutations lowered accumulations of anthocyanin pigment, soluble sugar content, and ethylene production in response to Suc and light signals. These data demonstrate that the suppression of SUC1 expression by ethylene inhibits Suc-induced anthocyanin accumulation in the presence of light and, hence, fine-tunes anthocyanin homeostasis.
Identification of Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase as a Novel DNA Damage Repair Enzyme in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lee So-Young , Kim Hoyeun , Hwang Hyun-Ju , Jeong Young-Min , Na Sang Hyeon , Woo Je-Chang , Kim Sang-Gu 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) is a key enzyme that hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bond between tyrosine of topoisomerase and 3′-phosphate of DNA and repairs topoisomerase-mediated DNA damage during chromosome metabolism. However, functional Tdp1 has only been described in yeast and human to date. In human, mutations of the Tdp1 gene are involved in the disease spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy. In plants, we have identified the functional nuclear protein AtTDP, homolog to human Tdp1 from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The recombinant AtTDP protein certainly hydrolyzes the 3′-phosphotyrosyl DNA substrates related to repairing in vivo topoisomerase I-DNA-induced damage. The loss-of-function AtTDP mutation displays developmental defects and dwarf phenotype in Arabidopsis. This phenotype is substantially caused by decreased cell numbers without any change of individual cell sizes. The tdp plants exhibit hypersensitivities to camptothecin, a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor, and show rigorous cell death in cotyledons and rosette leaves, suggesting the failure of DNA damage repair in tdp mutants. These results indicate that AtTDP plays a clear role in the repair of topoisomerase I-DNA complexes in Arabidopsis.
Two cases of mycosis fungoides treated by reduced‐intensity cord blood transplantation
Authors: TSUJI Hitomi , WADA Takashi , MURAKAMI Masamoto , KASHIWAGI Takayuki , ITO Yasuhiro , ISHIDA‐YAMAMOTO Akemi , JIMBO Junko , SHINDO Motohiro , SATO Kazuya , KOHGO Yutaka , IIZUKA Hajime 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMycosis fungoides is a cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, which is clinically divided into three stages: patch, plaque and tumor. Despite a variety of treatments the prognosis is poor in advanced mycosis fungoides. Recently, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been successfully applied for such cases. We performed reduced‐intensity umbilical cord blood transplantation for two advanced mycosis fungoides patients. Case 1 was a 56‐year‐old man and case 2 was a 30‐year‐old woman. Tumors of each case were refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Although radiation therapy was considerably effective, tumors relapsed after several months. Reduced‐intensity umbilical cord blood transplantation was performed because case 1 had no human leukocyte antigen‐identical siblings and the sibling of case 2 did not agree to be the donor. The male patient died of pulmonary failure 23 days after reduced‐intensity umbilical cord blood transplantation. The case 2 patient succeeded in reduced‐intensity umbilical cord blood transplantation and remained in complete/partial remission for 13 months. However, chemotherapy‐resistant tumors relapsed, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed at 17 months. She died of cerebral hemorrhage 23 days after the procedure. Reduced‐intensity umbilical cord blood transplantation may be included in the treatments for advanced mycosis fungoides, where graft‐versus‐lymphoma effect seems to be a significant factor for the success of the treatment.
Primary cutaneous γδ‐T‐cell lymphoma treated with low‐dose methotrexate and narrowband ultraviolet B irradiation: Report of a case with testicular involvement
Authors: FUJII Mizue , UEHARA Jiro , HONMA Masaru , ITO Yasuhiro , TAKAHASHI Hidetoshi , ISHIDA‐YAMAMOTO Akemi , IIZUKA Hajime 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTPrimary cutaneous γδ‐T‐cell lymphoma (CGD‐TCL) is a rare entity of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) and is characterized by tumoral growth of mature γδ‐T‐cell expressing cytotoxic molecules. The prognosis of CGD‐TCL is generally worse than other CTCL. However, relatively indolent patch/plaque lesions have been described suggesting the heterogeneous nature of this entity. Here, we present a case of CGD‐TCL with various skin manifestations, such as erythematous plaques/tumors and subcutaneous panniculitis‐like lesions. During the follow up, testicular involvement was detected, which was surgically removed. Histopathology showed mixed features from epidermotropism, dermal infiltration and subcutaneous panniculitis‐like lesions depending on the clinical manifestations. The tumor cells were positive for CD3 and revealed cytotoxic markers, TIA‐1 and perforin, but not for CD4, CD8, CD20, CD56, TCRβF1 or EBER. Topical glucocorticoid ointment, narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) irradiation and low‐dose methotrexate (MTX) were effective to control these skin lesions. No visceral involvement was detected thereafter. While CGD‐TCL is usually associated with poor prognosis, it seems to be composed of various clinical manifestations, and NB‐UVB and low‐dose MTX could be a choice for indolent patch/plaque and possibly nodular lesions, especially for the aged.
Immunogenetics features and genomic lesions in splenic marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: Rinaldi Andrea , Forconi Francesco , Arcaini Luca , Mian Michael , Sozzi Elena , Zibellini Silvia , Baldini Luca , Franceschetti Silvia , Gaidano Gianluca , Marasca Roberto , Mollejo Manuela , Piris Miguel A. , Tucci Alessandra , Facchetti Fabio , Bhagat Govind , Favera Riccardo D. , Rancoita Paola M. V. , Zucca Emanuele , Kwee Ivo , Bertoni Francesco 
Published: September 2010

SummarySplenic marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) express mutated (M−) or unmutated (U−) immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) genes. To investigate the IGHV mutational status impact on genetic lesions, this study combined single nucleotide polymorphism‐arrays and IGHV sequencing in 83 cases. Clinical features and outcome were similar between U‐ and M‐IGHV cases. Recurrent lesions frequency was higher in U‐IGHV cases, including poor prognosticators. Frequencies differed among cases bearing individual IGHV genes or lambda light chains. In conclusion, SMZL comprises subgroups based on genetic abnormalities and immunogenetic status. Genomic lesion frequency differed and was higher in U‐IGHV cases, possibly affecting the outcome.
Lidocaine‐derivative JMF2‐1 prevents ovalbumin‐induced airway inflammation by regulating the function and survival of T cells
Authors: Olsen P. C. , Ferreira T. P. T. , Serra M. F. , Farias‐Filho F. A. , Fonseca B. P. , Viola J. P. B. , Cordeiro R. S. B. , Silva P. M. R. , Costa J. C. S. , Martins M. A. 
Published: September 2010

Cite this as: P. C. Olsen, T. P. T. Ferreira, M. F. Serra, F. A. Farias‐Filho, B. P. Fonseca, J. P. B. Viola, R. S. B. Cordeiro, P. M. R. Silva, J. C. S. Costa and M. A. Martins, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 250–259.SummaryBackground
Inhalation of the local anaesthetic lidocaine has been suggested to be beneficial for asthmatics, but airway anaesthesia is unpleasant and may exacerbate bronchoconstriction. Our previous study showed that inhalation of the lidocaine analogue JMF2‐1 can elicit the anti‐inflammatory properties of lidocaine without anaesthesia. This prompted further research on the mechanism of action and putative therapeutic application of JMF2‐1.Objective
We tested the hypothesis that JMF2‐1 would prevent allergen‐induced lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) by modulating T cell function in vivo and in vitro.Methods
Local and systemic changes in leucocyte levels, cytokine production and lung mechanics were examined in a murine model of lung inflammation. JMF2‐1 (0.05–2%) or saline was aerosolized twice a day during the ovalbumin (OVA)‐provocation period (19–21 days post‐sensitization). Analyses were performed 24 h after the final challenge. Primary cultured lymph node cells were used to assess the effects of JMF2‐1 (100–600 μm) at the cellular level.Results
OVA challenge resulted in lung recruitment of CD4+ T cells and eosinophils, increased generation of inflammatory cytokines and AHR to inhaled methacholine within 24 h. These changes were prevented by JMF2‐1 nebulization, and occurred in parallel with an increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the lung. JMF2‐1 treatment did not alter levels of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in the thymus or lymph nodes of naïve mice, although it inhibited OVA‐induced IL‐13 production and the lymphocyte proliferative response in vitro. It also induced apoptosis of OVA‐activated lymphocytes in a mechanism sensitive to z‐VAD, indicating that JMF2‐1 mediates caspase‐dependent apoptosis.Conclusion
Inhalation of JMF2‐1 prevents the cardinal features of asthma by reducing TH2 cytokine generation and lung eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrates via local inhibition of T cell function and survival. JMF2‐1 may represent a novel therapeutic alternative for asthma control with distinct advantages over local anaesthetics.
Plasma brain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels are associated with clinical severity in school age children with asthma
Authors: Müller G. C. , Pitrez P. M. , Teixeira A. L. , Pires P. S. , Jones M. H. , Stein R. T. , Bauer M. E. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryBackground
Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways with significant changes in leucocyte trafficking, cellular activation and tissue remodelling. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been involved with asthma and allergic diseases but its role as a severity marker in paediatric asthma has not been clinically assessed.Objectives
To evaluate plasma BDNF and inflammatory markers in order to address their relationships with disease severity in children (6–15 years) with controlled persistent asthma.Methods
Children with persistent asthma were selected and lung function and skin prick tests were performed in all patients. Plasma BDNF levels and various inflammatory markers (CCL3, CCL11, CCL22, CCL24, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, soluble TNF receptors) were assessed by ELISAs.Results
Subjects with moderate and severe asthma had higher BDNF levels than mild asthma and controls (P<0.001). The chemokines studied and soluble TNF receptors did not differ between the studied groups.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
Our results indicate BDNF as a potential biomarker for clinical severity in children with asthma. Cite this as: G. C. Müller, P. M. Pitrez, A. L. Teixeira, P. S. Pires, M. H. Jones, R. T. Stein and M. E. Bauer, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1755–1759.