bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An intravenous insulin protocol for strict glycemic control in acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Ntaios G. , Egli M. , Arsovska A. , Joye D. , Bettex Y. , Lauber E. , Eskandari A. , D`Ambrogio S. , Richoz B. , Ruiz J. , Michel P. 
Published: October 2011

Background and purpose:  There is a J‐shaped association between admission glycemia and outcome. We designed an intravenous insulin protocol aiming at rapid and strict glucose control in hyperglycemic ischaemic stroke patients. Here, we describe the initial experience, safety, and efficacy of this protocol to achieve and maintain euglycemia in the first 48 h.Methods:  The protocol is based on parallel scales for adjustment of insulin infusion rate according to current glycemia and the rate of change of glycemia, which was recommended in our stroke unit in 4/2007 in acute ischaemic stroke patients with glycemia > 6 mM. Data were registered in the Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne (ASTRAL). Capillary blood glycemia was measured hourly with fingerprick test at onset of treatment and after each scale change. Target glycemia was 4.0–6.0 mM pre‐prandially (5.5–8.0 mM post‐prandially). Hypokalemia was defined as serum potassium < 3.5 mM and measured every 12 h. Specific algorithms were employed during meals and for patients leaving temporarily the stroke unit for diagnostic or therapeutic workup.Results:  In the 90 protocol patients, the first normoglycemia was achieved within 8 h of treatment in 91.1% of patients (median interval 4 h (interquartile range (IQR): 3–6). During the median treatment duration of 25.5 h (IQR: 19.7–37.7), median glucose reduction was 2.5 mM (IQR: 1.3–4.3 mM). The overall rate of hypoglycemias was 4.5% and hypokalemias 18.5%. There was a significant increase in the proportion of hypokalemias on the first on‐treatment measurement compared to admission (24.4% vs. 8.9%, P = 0.002).Conclusions:  The proposed intravenous insulin protocol controls acute post‐stroke hyperglycemia but frequently leads to hypokalemia. This issue needs to be addressed for the protocol to be suitable for use in larger, randomized controlled trial to explore its clinical effect.
The relationship between self‐reported executive performance and psychological characteristics in multiple sclerosis
Authors: van der Hiele K. , Spliethoff‐Kamminga N. G. A. , Ruimschotel R. P. , Middelkoop H. A. M. , Visser L. H. 
Published: October 2011

Background and purpose:  Self‐reports of cognitive functioning are not always related to objective measures. We examined psychological characteristics of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who underestimate, overestimate or accurately estimate their executive performance.Methods:  The first phase was an inventory of cognitive complaints by means of self‐reported (and partner‐reported) questionnaires. At the second phase (January–October 2009), 114 of the 128 participants met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent cognitive and neurological assessments.Results:  A total of 19% (N = 22) of participants reported subjective executive impairment, whilst 81% (N = 92) reported no subjective executive impairment. Based on Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome–Dysexecutive Questionnaire self‐reports, 67% (N = 76) of the participants accurately reported no subjective executive impairment, 14% (N = 16) overestimated, and 15% underestimated (N = 17) their executive performance; 78% of the informants accurately reported no subjective executive impairment, 15% overestimated the patient’s executive performance, and 4% underestimated the patient’s executive performance. Patients with MS underestimating their executive performance were characterized by more depression (F(2,106 = 12.9, P < 0.001), anxiety (F2,105 = 7.4, P = 0.001) and psychosocial stress (F2,103 = 17.8, P < 0.001), more often used the coping style ‘disclosure of emotions’ (H2 = 12.1, P = 0.002) than accurate estimators and overestimators and displayed a more passive reaction pattern (F2,104 = 4.4, P = 0.014) than accurate estimators.Conclusions:  Self‐reports of executive performance are generally reliable, but 29% of patients with MS underestimated or overestimated their abilities. It is especially important to identify underestimators as they display underlying psychological problems and dysfunctional coping styles in need of further psychological treatment. Informants are valuable in this respect, but should not be seen as the ‘gold standard’ to identify cognitive impairment.
The effects of vault drainage on postoperative morbidity after vaginal hysterectomy for benign gynaecological disease: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dua A , Galimberti A , Subramaniam M , Popli G , Radley S 
Published: October 2011

Please cite this paper as: Dua A, Galimberti A, Subramaniam M, Popli G, Radley S. The effects of vault drainage on postoperative morbidity after vaginal hysterectomy for benign gynaecological disease: a randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2011; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2011.03170.x.Objective  To evaluate the efficacy of vault drainage in reducing the immediate postoperative morbidity associated with vaginal hysterectomy carried out for benign gynaecological conditions.Design  Randomised controlled trial.Setting  A tertiary referral gynaecology centre in UK.Population  A total of 272 women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy for benign conditions between March 2005 and June 2010.Methods  The 272 women were randomised to have a drain inserted or not inserted, ‘drain’ or ‘no drain’, respectively, before vault closure during vaginal hysterectomy, using a sealed envelope technique. The surgical procedures were performed using the surgeons’ standard technique and postoperative care was delivered according to the unit’s protocol.Main outcome measures  The primary outcome measure was reduction in postoperative febrile morbidity. Secondary outcome measures were hospital readmission rate, blood transfusion, change in postoperative haemoglobin and length of stay.Results  In all, 135 women were randomised to have a drain and 137 to ‘no drain’. There were no differences in the incidence of febrile morbidity, length of stay, change in haemoglobin or need for postoperative blood transfusion between the two groups.Conclusions  The routine use of vault drain at vaginal hysterectomy for benign disorders has no significant effect on postoperative morbidity. The use of vault drain in this context is not recommended.
Do We Choose Our Spouse Based on Our In‐Laws? Resolving the Effects of Family Background and Spousal Choice for Educational Attainment, Religious Practice, and Political Preference
Authors: Eaves Lindon J. , Hatemi Peter K. 
Published: October 2011

ObjectivesContemporary scholarly debate emphasizes the importance of spouse selection on population stratification, typically focusing on the traits of spouses themselves. In this study spouses and their parents were analyzed to resolve the effects of direct spousal assortment from family background assortment on three social traits that spouses correlate the highest: education, church attendance, and political affiliation.MethodsThe data set is comprised of a core of spousal pairs and their parents assessed by self‐report and a more extensive set of individuals on whom there are only ratings by relatives for educational attainment, church attendance, and political preference. Structural equation models were fitted to the observed polychoric correlations by diagonal weighted least squares.ResultsFor education and church attendance, assortment was based primarily on the traits of the spouses themselves, but models including independent assortment for the traits of parents‐in‐law gave a better fit. For political affiliation, assortment based on social background influenced by the traits of both parents gave a better fit.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that in humans, spousal similarity may reflect processes of selection and stratification that are more complex than commonly supposed in most models for family resemblance and social diversity.
Making Sense of the Sacred
Authors: Gibson Kevin 
Published: October 2011

In this note I examine the concept of sacred values. Some commentators have recommended avoiding the question or postponing negotiations until other issues have been settled, whereas others have suggested that few sacred values cannot be rendered into some form of trade‐off (i.e., they are pseudosacred). Here, I follow Scott Atran and Robert Axelrod and argue that ritual and the sacred can be an important component of negotiation and, when addressed effectively, have great potential to break impasse.I first examine the notion of the sacred and its near synonyms, the priceless and the intrinsically valuable. I then look at the issue of valuing life and show that although society places limits on lives as a matter of policy, it paradoxically funds heroic acts, such as mine rescues, which defy economic justification. These acts turn out to fulfill an important symbolic and ritualistic function. Finally, I draw out three implications of the framework for negotiators: negotiators should engage in some form of values clarification among the parties, material compromise by one party does not necessarily indicate that that party's values were not ultimate or that these have been relinquished, and considerable weight should be placed on ritualistic and symbolic gestures with regard to values.
Cardiomyogenic differentiation‐independent improvement of cardiac function by human cardiomyocyte progenitor cell injection in ischaemic mouse hearts
Authors: den Haan Melina C. , Grauss Robert W. , Smits Anke M. , Winter Elizabeth M. , van Tuyn John , Pijnappels Daniël A. , Steendijk Paul , Gittenberger‐De Groot Adriana C. , van der Laarse Arnoud , Fibbe Willem E. , de Vries Antoine A. F. , Schalij Martin J. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Goumans Marie‐José , Atsma Douwe E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe previously showed that human cardiomyocyte progenitor cells (hCMPCs) injected after myocardial infarction (MI) had differentiated into cardiomyocytes in vivo 3 months after MI. Here, we investigated the short‐term (2 weeks) effects of hCMPCs on the infarcted mouse myocardium. MI was induced in immunocompromised (NOD/scid) mice, immediately followed by intramyocardial injection of hCMPCs labelled with enhanced green fluorescent protein (hCMPC group) or vehicle only (control group). Sham‐operated mice served as reference. Cardiac performance was measured 2 and 14 days after MI by magnetic resonance imaging at 9.4 T. Left ventricular (LV) pressure–volume measurements were performed at day 15 followed by extensive immunohistological analysis. Animals injected with hCMPCs demonstrated a higher LV ejection fraction, lower LV end‐systolic volume and smaller relaxation time constant than control animals 14 days after MI. hCMPCs engrafted in the infarcted myocardium, did not differentiate into cardiomyocytes, but increased vascular density and proliferation rate in the infarcted and border zone area of the hCMPC group. Injected hCMPCs engraft into murine infarcted myocardium where they improve LV systolic function and attenuate the ventricular remodelling process 2 weeks after MI. Since no cardiac differentiation of hCMPCs was evident after 2 weeks, the observed beneficial effects were most likely mediated by paracrine factors, targeting amongst others vascular homeostasis. These results demonstrate that hCMPCs can be applied to repair infarcted myocardium without the need to undergo differentiation into cardiomyocytes.
A meta‐analysis of executive dysfunctions in unipolar major depressive disorder without psychotic symptoms and their changes during antidepressant treatment
Authors: Wagner S. , Doering B. , Helmreich I. , Lieb K. , Tadić A. 
Published: October 2011

Wagner S, Doering B, Helmreich I, Lieb K, Tadić A. A meta‐analysis of executive dysfunctions in unipolar major depressive disorder without psychotic symptoms and their changes during antidepressant treatment.Objective:  Empirical evidence supports the existence of significant executive deficits in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) as compared to non‐depressed controls. Nevertheless, the effect size of executive dysfunctions in unipolar, non‐psychotic MDD as well as their relationship to antidepressant treatment is ambiguous.Method:  Meta‐analytic methods were used to assess the severity of executive dysfunctions in unipolar, non‐psychotic MDD as compared to healthy controls and to investigate their course during antidepressant treatment.Results:  Fifteen studies comparing the executive functions of 375 patients with DSM‐IV MDD and 481 healthy controls were analysed. Furthermore, in three studies, including 122 patients with MDD, the Stroop test performance was examined before and after antidepressant treatment. Patients with MDD performed 0.439 up to 1.18 (P < 0.0001) standard mean differences worse than healthy controls. The Stroop performance improved during the course of treatment (P = 0.0001).Conclusion:  We revealed significant executive dysfunctions in patients with unipolar, non‐psychotic MDD compared with healthy controls and an improvement of the Stroop performance during the course of treatment. Future studies with different test procedures are needed to further investigate the influence of antidepressant treatment on executive functions.
The use of a porcine intestinal cell model system for evaluating the food safety risk of Bacillus cereus probiotics and the implications for assessing enterotoxigenicity
Authors: TRAPECAR MARTIN , LEOUFFRE THOMAS , FAURE MORGANE , JENSEN HENRIK E , GRANUM PER E , CENCIC AVRELIJA , HARDY SIMON P 
Published: October 2011

Trapecar M, Leouffre T, Faure M, Jensen HE, Granum PE, Cencic A, Hardy SP. The use of a porcine intestinal cell model system for evaluating the food safety risk of Bacillus cereus probiotics and the implications for assessing enterotoxigenicity. APMIS 2011; 119: 877–84.The use of porcine intestinal cell lines in assessing toxicity of Bacillus cereus probiotics in conjunction with animal challenge trials with toxigenic B. cereus was investigated. Toxigenic and toxin deletion mutants of B. cereus and two probiotic strains (Paciflor and Toyocerin) were examined for bacterial attachment, cytotoxicity and ability to induce nitric oxide as markers of toxicity. Both cytotoxicity and production of nitric oxide were detected in wild‐type toxigenic strains and the Paciflor probiotic strain but not Toyocerin. Attachment of B. cereus was low (less than 1%) in all strains. Discrimination between toxigenic B. cereus and the probiotic strains was possible semi‐quantitatively via dilution. Despite cytotoxicity in vitro, challenge experiments using 108–109 spores of the toxigenic B. cereus NVH75/95 in weaned piglets did not induce diarrhoea or intestinal lesions. Thus, the pig small intestinal epithelial intestinal cell line PSI is appropriate for identification of potential toxicity in B. cereus strains and sets a low threshold for risk of enterotoxicity to humans.
Evidence for Sequential Action of Rab5 and Rab7 GTPases in Prevacuolar Organelle Partitioning
Authors: Bottanelli Francesca , Gershlick David C. , Denecke Jürgen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGTPases of the Rab5 and Rab7 families were shown to control vacuolar sorting but their specific subcellular localization is controversial in plants. Here, we show that both the canonical as well as the plant‐specific Rab5 reside at the newly discovered ‘late prevacuolar compartment’ (LPVC) while Rab7 partitions to the vacuolar membrane when expressed at low levels. Higher expression levels of wild‐type Rab5 GTPases but not Rab7 lead to dose‐dependent inhibition of biosynthetic vacuolar transport. In the case of Ara6, this included aberrant co‐localization with markers for earlier post‐Golgi compartments including the trans‐Golgi network. However, nucleotide‐free mutants of all three GTPases (Rha1, Ara6 and Rab7) cause stronger dose‐dependent inhibition of vacuolar sorting. In addition, nucleotide‐free Rha1 led to a later maturation defect and co‐localization of markers for the prevacuolar compartment (PVC) and the LPVC. The corresponding Rab7 mutant strongly inhibited vacuolar delivery without merging of PVC and LPVC markers. Evidence for functional differentiation of the Rab5 family members is underlined by the fact that mutant Rha1 expression can be suppressed by increasing wild‐type Rha1 levels while mutant Ara6 specifically titrates the nucleotide exchange factor Vps9. A model describing the sequential action of Rab5 and Rab7 GTPases is presented in the light of the current observations.
Prospective 10‐Year Cohort Study Based on a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) on Implant‐Supported Full‐Arch Maxillary Prostheses. Part 1: Sandblasted and Acid‐Etched Implants and Mucosal Tissue
Authors: Fischer Kerstin , Stenberg Torsten 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTBackground:There have been very few long‐term controlled studies (i.e., over 5 years duration) focusing on marginal conditions for implants with a sandblasted, large grit, and acid‐etched (SLA) surface.Purpose:To evaluate and report 10‐year data on outcomes of implants with an SLA surface placed in the edentulous maxilla.Materials and Methods:In a randomized controlled trial (RCT) cohort of 24 patients, the outcomes of implants with an SLA surface were registered. The RCT cohort has previously been reported after 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years of loading.Results:One patient dropped out of the study prior to the 10‐year control. Of the 23 remaining patients, the implant survival rate was 95.1%. If implants of unknown status were also considered lost, that is, one drop‐out patient with three implants for whom no information could be obtained, the implant survival rate was 93%. The mean marginal bone loss from baseline (139 implants) to 10 years (102 implants) was 1.07 mm (standard deviation 0.98). One implant out of 102 available for radiographic examination according to the original protocol showed a bone loss exceeding 4 mm. Of the 84 implants available for clinical examination, none showed a Plaque Index or sulcus bleeding index of 3. The mean implant stability quotient was significantly higher for mesial–distal versus buccal–palatal measurements.Conclusion:The implant survival was 95.1%. The mean value of bone loss after 10 years was 1.07 mm. Peri‐implantitis were noted at the 5‐year follow‐up for one patient with a previous history of periodontitis; this patient did not attend the 10‐year follow‐up. This study shows that sandblasted and acid‐etched implants offers predictable long‐term results as support for full‐arch maxillary prostheses.
The W‐ and Z‐linked EE0.6 sequences used for molecular sexing of captive Japanese crested ibis on Sado Island
Authors: KASUGA Kaori , HIGASHI Maho , YAMADA Takahisa , SUGIYAMA Toshie , TANIGUCHI Yukio , IWAISAKI Hiroaki , HOMMA Kosuke , WAJIKI Yuuichi , KANEKO Yoshinori , YAMAGISHI Satoshi 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe Japanese crested ibis Nipponia nippon is a critically threatened bird. Accurate sexing is necessary to perform effective management of captive breeding toward a national project for a tentative release of the Japanese crested ibis on Sado Island. A PCR‐based sexing method targeting a 0.6 kb EcoRI fragment (EE0.6) sequence on W chromosome with AWS03 and USP3 primers has been developed for the Japanese crested ibis. However, the primers were selected from the EE0.6 sequences from bird species other than the Japanese crested ibis. In this study, we determined the W‐ and Z‐linked EE0.6 sequences in the Japanese crested ibis, and clarified Japanese crested ibis sequence mismatch in the binding sites of the primers. Further, we found no polymorphism in the primer binding sites among five founder birds for the Sado captive Japanese crested ibis population. These findings validated the PCR‐based sexing method with the AWS03 and USP3 as accurate molecular sexing methods of captive Japanese crested ibis on the Sado Island. Additionally, we designed a primer set for a novel PCR‐based sexing, based on the EE0.6 sequences obtained in this study. This novel sexing method may be useful for future ecological research following the release of Japanese crested ibis on Sado Island. This is the first report to show the EE0.6 sequences in Japanese crested ibis.
Association of BoLA‐DRB3 alleles with mastitis resistance and susceptibility in Japanese Holstein cows
Authors: YOSHIDA Tatsuyuki , FURUTA Hiroki , KONDO Yasuko , MUKOYAMA Harutaka 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study, 714 cows from 26 dairy herds were reclassified as healthy or mastitic cows on the basis of long‐term somatic cell count (SCC) in milk. Cows with more than three consecutive lactation records of SCC from the first or second to fifth lactation, were selected, and their BoLA‐DRB3 (DRB3) alleles were identified using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method. Cows with an SCC of < 200 000 cells/mL in all monthly records were classified as healthy (n = 91). Cows with an SCC of > 300 000 cells/mL in two consecutive tests or four non‐consecutive tests or cows with an SCC of > 500 000 cells/mL in any one test during lactation, regardless of parity, were classified as mastitic (n = 201). Mastitic cows (n = 153) from another 40 herds were considered to be infected if bacteriological testing revealed mastitis pathogens in milk. Their DRB3 alleles were identified using PCR‐sequence‐based typing (PCR‐SBT). The differences in DRB3 allelic frequencies between healthy cows and cows with various degrees of mastitis were re‐investigated. Moreover, the associations of various amino acid motifs in DRB3 alleles with resistance or susceptibility to mastitis pathogens were re‐examined. DRB3.2*8(DRB3*1201) and DRB3.2*16(DRB3*1501) alleles were found to be associated with susceptibility, while DRB3.2*22(DRB3*1101), DRB3.2*23(DRB3*2703), and DRB3.2*24(DRB3*0101) alleles were found to be associated with resistance.
Effect of disinfection and storage on the flexural strength of ocular prosthetic acrylic resins
Authors: Goiato Marcelo C. , dos Santos Daniela M. , Moreno Amália , Iyda Mariana G. , Rezende Maria C. R. A. , Haddad Marcela F. 
Published: October 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00570.xEffect of disinfection and storage on the flexural strength of ocular prosthetic acrylic resinsObjective:  To evaluate the influence of chemical disinfection and storage duration on the flexural strength of acrylic resins commonly used to make ocular prostheses.Methods:  A total of 260 samples were manufactured with N1 resin and colourless resin. Both resins were thermopolymerised using a microwave oven. Samples were stored and periodically disinfected and were divided into groups: control (no disinfection) (I), neutral soap (II), Opti‐free (III), Efferdent (IV), 1% hypochlorite (V) or 4% chlorhexidine (VI). The flexural strength was measured before and after 60 and 120 days of storage. Data were analysed by anova and Tukey test (0.05).Results:  The flexural strength of the N1 resin was higher than that for the colourless resin. There was a significant difference in the flexural strength before and after 60 and 120 days of storage with disinfection, regardless of the resin and disinfectant. Group I in the initial period exhibited greater flexural strength, with significant difference only in group VI after 120 days.Conclusion:  It can be concluded that the flexural strength only changed after 120 days of storage for samples disinfected with chlorhexidine. However, all flexural strength values obtained herein were acceptable clinical limits for the acrylic resins.