bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phlogopite and quartz lamellae in diamond‐bearing diopside from marbles of the Kokchetav massif, Kazakhstan: exsolution or replacement reaction?
Authors: DOBRZHINETSKAYA L. F. , WIRTH R. , RHEDE D. , LIU Z. , GREEN H. W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractExsolution lamellae of pyroxene in garnet (grt), coesite in titanite and omphacite from UHPM terranes are widely accepted as products of decompression. However, interpretation of oriented lamellae of phyllosilicates, framework silicates and oxides as a product of decompression of pyroxene is very often under debate. Results are presented here of FIB‐TEM, FEG‐EMP and synchrotron‐assisted infrared (IR) spectroscopy studies of phlogopite (Phlog) and phlogopite + quartz (Qtz) lamellae in diamond‐bearing clinopyroxene (Cpx) from ultra‐high pressure (UHP) marble. These techniques allowed collection of three‐dimensional information from the grain boundaries of both the single (phlogopite), two‐phase lamellae (phlogopite + quartz), and fluid inclusions inside of diamond included in K‐rich Cpx and understanding their relationships and mechanisms of formation.The Cpx grains contain in their cores lamellae‐I, which are represented by topotactically oriented extremely thin lamellae of phlogopite (that generally are two units cell wide but locally can be seen to be somewhat broader) and microdiamond. The core composition is: (Ca0.94K0.04Na0.02) (Al0.06Fe0.08Mg0.88) (Si1.98Al0.02)O6.00. Fluid inclusions rich in K and Si are recognized in the core of the Cpx, having no visible connections to the lamellae‐I. Lamellar‐II inclusions consist of micron‐size single laths of phlogopite and lens‐like quartz or slightly elongated phlogopite + quartz intergrowths; all are situated in the rim zone of the Cpx. The composition of the rim is (Ca0.95Fe0.03Na0.02) (Al0.05Fe0.05Mg0.90)Si2O6, and the rim contains more Ca, Mg then the core, with no K there. Such chemical tests support our microstructural observations and conclusion that the phlogopite lamellae‐I are exsolved from the K‐rich Cpx‐precursor during decompression. It is assumed that Cpx‐precursor was also enriched in H2O, because diamond included in the core of this Cpx contains fluid inclusions. The synchrotron IR spectra of such diamond record the presence of OH− stretching and H2O bending motion regions. Lamellar‐II inclusions are interpreted as forming partly because of modification of the lamellae‐I in the presence of fluid enriched in K, Fe and Si during deformation of the host diopside; the latter is probably related to the shallower stage of exhumation of the UHP marble. This study emphasizes that in each case to understand the mechanism of lamellar inclusion formation more detailed studies are needed combining both compositional, structural and three‐dimensional textural features of lamellar inclusions and their host.
Genetically engineered pig red blood cells for clinical transfusion: initial in vitro studies
Authors: Long Cassandra , Hara Hidetaka , Pawlikowski Zachary , Koike Naoko , D'Arville Thomas , Yeh Peter , Ezzelarab Mohamed , Ayares David , Yazer Mark , Cooper David K.C. 
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND:Pigs are a potential source of red blood cells (RBCs) and could resolve the shortage of human blood for transfusion. This study investigated in vitro the compatibility of genetically engineered pig RBCs (pRBCs) with the human innate immune response.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:Human volunteers of all ABO blood types were sources of sera and those of O blood type were sources of circulating monocytes/macrophages. RBCs from ABO‐compatible (ABO‐C) and ABO‐incompatible (ABO‐I) humans and wild‐type (WT) and α‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase gene‐knockout (GTKO) pigs were tested for hemagglutination, immunoglobulin (Ig)M/IgG antibody binding, and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) using human sera. Phagocytosis of RBCs by human monocyte–derived macrophages was measured by coculture in the absence or presence of pooled human O serum.RESULTS:RBCs showed significant differences (p < 0.01) with regard to hemagglutination, IgM and IgG binding, and CDC (ABO‐C < GTKO < ABO‐I < WT). In the absence of pooled human O serum (antibodies), there was no phagocytosis of any RBCs; in the presence of serum (antibodies), phagocytosis of ABO‐I RBCs was greater than of WT (p < 0.01), which in turn was greater than of GTKO RBCs (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:GTKO RBCs were significantly more compatible than ABO‐I and WT RBCs, but were not comparable to ABO‐C combinations. In the presence of antibody, human monocyte–derived macrophages phagocytosed ABO‐I RBC/sera combinations more efficiently than pRBCs. These observations contribute to our ultimate goal of using genetically engineered pRBCs for clinical blood transfusion. However, pigs will require other modifications or manipulations if they are to become suitable for human transfusion.
Alloanti‐c/ce in a c+ceAR/Ce patient suggests that the rare RHCE*ceAR allele (ceAR) encodes a partial c antigen
Authors: Peyrard Thierry , Pham Bach‐Nga , Poupel Sylvie , Martin‐Blanc Stéphanie , Auxerre Carine , Kappler‐Gratias Sandrine , Bonin Philippe , Rouger Philippe , Le Pennec Pierre‐Yves 
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND: ceAR (RHCE*ceAR) is a rare RH allele encountered in people of African/Caribbean ancestry, known to encode a partial e antigen. The homozygous ceAR/ceAR genotype encodes the rare blood group Hr−. This study describes alloanti‐c/ce in a ceAR/Ce patient, suggesting that ceAR also encodes a partial c antigen.CASE REPORT: A 21‐year‐old patient suffering from intermediate β‐thalassemia, with transfusion history, was hospitalized for severe anemia. Blood samples were referred to the National Reference Laboratory for suspicion of a mixture of alloantibodies or an alloantibody to a high‐prevalence antigen.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standard hemagglutination methods were performed to investigate the patient's RBCs and serum. A molecular analysis of RHD and RHCE was carried out by allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing.RESULTS: Blood type performed by the referring laboratory was B, D+C+E−c+e+, K−. Several antibodies were identified: anti‐c/ce, anti‐Fyb, anti‐Jka, and anti‐S. Full serologic investigations showed that anti‐c/ce could be very likely considered as an alloantibody. The patient's genotype was ceAR/Ce. Anti‐c/ce reacted with ceAR/ceEK, ceEK/ceEK, and ceAR/ceBI but not with ceAR/ceAR, ceMO/ceMO, and ces(340)/ces(340) RBCs.CONCLUSION: This is the first case of alloanti‐c/ce related to ceAR, suggesting that this rare RHCE allele encodes a partial c antigen. The presence of the C antigen in the patient allowed for the partial expression of the c antigen encoded by ceAR. The c antigen encoded by ceAR appeared to be different than that encoded by ceEK and ceBI and may share common lacking epitopes with the c antigens encoded by ceMO and ces(340).
Disproportionality and Disaster: Hurricane Katrina and the Mississippi River‐Gulf Outlet*
Authors: Freudenburg William R. , Gramling Robert , Laska Shirley , Erikson Kai T. 
Published: July 2009

Objectives. Although many observers have interpreted Hurricane Katrina's damage to New Orleans as a case of nature striking humans, we draw on the sociological concept of the growth machine to show that much of the damage resulted instead from what humans had done to nature—in the name but not the reality of “economic development.”Methods. We triangulate findings from multiple qualitative techniques, including first‐hand fieldwork, interviews, and analyses of historical records. We focus on a particularly telling illustration: the Mississippi River‐Gulf Outlet, a transportation canal.Results. Although the canal was widely predicted to deliver prosperity, it mainly created environmental damage, destroying wetlands that had formerly protected New Orleans from hurricanes. Despite enthusiastic predictions about its economic importance—plus millions of dollars in ongoing federal investments—the “outlet” was used by only a dozen of the ships for which it was designed during the entire last year before Katrina hit.Conclusions. This was clearly not a case of an “enduring conflict” between the environment and the economy; it was a case where economic benefits to a tiny number of beneficiaries created profound costs to the environment, and to humans in turn. Claims about supposed “economic benefits” from environmentally harmful projects need to be examined more closely in other contexts, as well.
Exploring the Academic Benefits of Friendship Ties for Latino Boys and Girls*
Authors: Riegle‐Crumb Catherine , Callahan Rebecca M. 
Published: July 2009

Objectives. We examine how the racial/ethnic and generational status composition of Latino students' friendship groups is related to their academic achievement and whether there are differential effects by gender.Methods. We use multivariate regression analyses to examine the effects of friends' characteristics on Latino students' end of high school grades, utilizing data from the Adolescent Health and Academic Achievement Study (AHAA), and its parent survey, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health).Results. For Latina girls, there are positive effects of having more friendship ties to third‐plus‐generation Latino peers in contrast to dominant culture peers; yet Latino boys benefit academically from ties to all co‐ethnic peers. Having friends with higher parental education promotes achievement of both genders.Conclusion. Our results counter notions of a pervasive negative peer influence of minority youth and suggest that co‐ethnic ties are an important source of social capital for Latino students' achievement.
Issue Voting and Crime in Gubernatorial Elections*
Authors: Cummins Jeff 
Published: July 2009

Objective. Research on gubernatorial elections has focused extensively on the impact of the economy, ignoring other noneconomic issues that voters may consider when casting their ballots. This article examines the impact of one such noneconomic issue, crime, to determine whether voters hold governors accountable for crime rates and, if so, whether they incorporate national‐ or state‐level conditions. In addition, I investigate whether more educated segments of the electorate are likely to engage in issue voting.Methods. I empirically analyze these propositions using aggregate‐level data on gubernatorial elections from 1986–2004.Results. The data analysis reveals that crime significantly influences gubernatorial races, voters consider state‐ rather than national‐level conditions, and that crime rates have a larger impact in states with a more educated population.Conclusion. Future inquiries should explore other noneconomic issues at the national and subnational levels to determine the breadth of issues that impact elections.
The Timing of Presidential Cinema*
Authors: Uscinski Joseph E. 
Published: July 2009

Objective.Researchers have examined the social meaning of political cinema; however, little research places film into its contemporary political and economic context. Therefore, I examine the timing of the production and release of presidential cinema.Methods.The data are comprised of major motion picture releases from the years 1953–2004 that include a U.S. president as a character. Regression analysis is used to determine how the temporal release of movies featuring a president corresponds to social realities.Results.I find that the release of presidential cinema is correlated with the party that controls the actual White House and with the number of consecutive terms that the same party has been in the White House. More films with presidents are released during Democratic administrations than during Republican administrations and more films with presidents are released during first rather than second terms. This appears more acute during presidential election years. The state of the national economy affects the release of presidential cinema as well. Strong economies lead to the release of more films with presidents.Conclusions.This suggests that popular film content is affected not only by filmmaker whim and creativity, but also by measurable contemporary political and economic conditions. Future studies investigating film content should account for how national trends affect popular entertainment.
Collateral Consequences of a Collateral Penalty: The Negative Effect of Felon Disenfranchisement Laws on the Political Participation of Nonfelons*
Authors: Bowers Melanie , Preuhs Robert R. 
Published: July 2009

Objective. Felon disenfranchisement (FD) policies are said to not only prohibit (ex)felons from voting, but also reduce the political influence of particular groups that are most affected by FD laws. This study tests several hypotheses regarding the role of socialization on individual‐level political participation to examine the claims that nonfelons' probability of voting is reduced by strict FD laws.Methods. The study uses multilevel modeling and two separate individual‐level data sets of those registered to vote to examine the effect of FD laws on the probability of voting.Results. The findings demonstrate that strict FD laws reduce the probability of voting for blacks, but not whites, while the results are mixed for several other demographic groups.Conclusions. Beyond the direct removal of ex‐felons from the voter pool, FD policy can undermine the mechanism of political socialization, leading to potentially greater biases in the electoral arena than previously thought.
Partisan Reinforcement and the Poor: The Impact of Context on Explanations for Poverty*
Authors: Hopkins Daniel J. 
Published: July 2009

Objective.Past research has demonstrated that Americans view poverty in racial terms, and that they often blame the poor for their situation. This article's objective is to determine if local contexts can influence these views.Methods.Synthesizing racial and political theories of contextual effects, I use two nationally representative surveys to explore Americans' explanations for poverty.Results.People living in areas where the poor are mostly white are less likely to attribute poverty to the failings of the poor themselves, as theories of racial threat would predict. However, a second finding is stronger: the percentage of the county that voted Republican in the last election consistently predicts less structural and more individualistic explanations of poverty.Conclusions.Local processes of partisan reinforcement play a key role in shaping explanations of poverty.
Orofacial pain in young adults and associated childhood and adulthood factors: results of the population study, Wales, United Kingdom
Authors: Macfarlane Tatiana V. , Kenealy Pamela , Anne Kingdon H. , Mohlin Benght , Pilley J. Richard , Mwangi Caroline W. , Hunter Lindsay , Richmond Steve , Shaw William C. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract –  Objectives:  The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of orofacial pain (OFP) among young adults (30–31 years old) and to determine the effect of childhood and adulthood risk factors on the occurrence of OFP.Methods:  Prospective cohort study to investigate dental and social effects of malocclusion and effectiveness of orthodontic treatment was conducted in Wales, United Kingdom. At 20‐year follow‐up 337 subjects aged 30–31 participated (74% from previous follow‐up aged 19–20 and 33% from the baseline) and were asked about OFP.Results:  The prevalence of OFP was 23% (95% CI: 19%, 28%). Childhood factors, socio‐demographic, lifestyle, health behavior factors, history of orthodontic treatment and tooth wear were not associated with OFP. Participants with OFP were more likely to report that their teeth did not fit together properly [odds ratio (OR) = 12.4, 95% CI: 2.7–56.5) and reported previous trauma to the jaws (2.3; 1.3–4.2). Both diurnal and nocturnal teeth clenching and grinding were significantly associated with OFP (3.1; 1.4–7.1). Participants with frequent headaches had increased risk of having OFP (3.7; 1.6–8.4) while having reported 4–10 types of pain in other parts of the body other than the head, was associated with OR = 9.2 (3.7–23.0). An increased tendency to have OFP was seen in those individuals with higher levels of psychological distress (2.3; 1.4–3.9), high score on Life Event Inventory (2.6; 1.3–5.3), depressive symptoms (2.2; 1.2–4.0) and stress (2.2; 1.2–4.0). High self‐esteem associated with lower risk of OFP (0.5; 0.3–0.9).Conclusions:  This study shows that OFP is frequently reported by young adults aged 30–31 and supports a multifactorial etiology with factors from many domains, including local mechanical factors, psychological and co‐morbidities. However, none of the childhood factors considered in this study were associated with OFP in adulthood.
Assessing the effectiveness of a school‐based oral health promotion programme in Yichang City, China
Authors: Tai Bao‐Jun , Jiang Han , Du Min‐Quan , Peng Bin 
Published: July 2009

Abstract –  Objectives:  To assess the outcome of oral health promotion in schoolchildren over a 3‐year period in Yichang City, Hubei, China.Methods:  In a cluster randomized controlled trial, the concept of the World Health Organization Health Promoting Schools Project was applied to primary schoolchildren. Seven intervention schools and eight control schools were randomly selected from one district by stratified cluster sampling. The study was conducted as a 3‐year follow‐up study. After 3 years, 661 children remained in the intervention group and 697 children in the control group. Data on dental caries, plaque accumulation, and sulcus bleeding were collected by clinical examination, while behavioural data were gathered by self‐administered questionnaires.Results:  The 3‐year net mean DMFS increment score was 0.22 in the intervention schools and 0.35 in the control schools (P < 0.013). A statistically significant difference in mean plaque (P < 0.013) and sulcus bleeding (P < 0.005) increment scores after 3 years was found between the two groups. Statistically significant higher scores were observed in restorations received and sealants placed, and a lower score in untreated dental caries, in children from the intervention group than the control group after 3 years (P < 0.01). In addition, more children in the intervention schools adopted regular oral health behavioural practices such as brushing their teeth at least twice a day, visiting the dentist within the past calendar year, and using fluoride toothpaste.Conclusion:  The study suggests that the school‐based oral health promotion was an effective way to reduce new caries incidence, improve oral hygiene and establish positive oral health behavioural practices in the targeted schoolchildren.
Extramammary Paget's disease mimicking acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma in situ: a case report
Authors: Du Xufeng , Yin Xingping , Zhou Nan , Zhang Guolong , Shi Hejian , Cao Shuanglin 
Published: July 2009

Background: Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is an uncommon skin neoplasm characterized by Paget's cells with pale‐staining cytoplasm in the epidermis, and cases with distinguished acantholysis but lacking characteristic Paget's cells were rarely reported in the literature. Methods: An 80‐year‐old male with lesion on scrotum was screened histologically and immunohistologically for the diagnosis of his tumor. Results: Histological examination showed acanthosis with cellular atypia and focal acantholysis, consistent with acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS). No characteristic Paget's cells were observed in low magnification. Immunohistochemical staining showed carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and cytokeratin 8 (CK8) to be strongly expressed in the nests and singly arranged large tumor cells, and the surrounding epidermis was positive for CK5/6 and negative for CEA. Sporadic periodic acid‐schiff (PAS)‐positive cells could be seen in some areas. Conclusions: These findings strongly indicated the diagnosis of EMPD mimicking acantholytic SCCIS.Du X, Yin X, Zhou N, Zhang G, Shi H, Cao S. Extramammary Paget's disease mimicking acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma in situ: a case report.
Prevalence of MCPyV in Merkel cell carcinoma and non‐MCC tumors
Authors: Andres Christian , Belloni Benedetta , Puchta Ursula , Sander Christian A. , Flaig Michael J. 
Published: July 2009

Background: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is the likely causative agent of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). However, the prevalence of MCPyV in non‐MCC population and its possible role in the pathogenesis of other skin cancers are not known yet.Methods: A molecular pathology study was performed in 33 MCC samples and 33 age‐ and sex‐matched samples of sun exposed non‐MCC tumors [12 seborrheic keratoses (SK), 11 basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and 10 lentigo maligna melanomas (LMM)]. All tumors were analyzed for presence of MCPyV‐DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern‐Blot hybridization of PCR products.Results: MCPyV sequences were detected in 21 MCC samples (64%) and in 2 non‐MCC tumors of sun exposed skin (6%; both SK‐patients). Neither the tissue samples from BCC nor LMM proved positive for MCPyV sequences.Conclusion: We were able to confirm prior data on prevalence of MCPyV‐DNA in MCC. Furthermore, a female predominance of MCPyV‐positive MCC‐patients was detected. There was no relevant association of MCPyV with SK, BCC and LMM. Speculative, prevalence of MCPyV in an age‐ and sex‐matched non‐MCC population could average up to 6%.
Disseminated dermal Trichophyton rubrum infection – an expression of dermatophyte dimorphism?
Authors: Lillis Joseph V. , Dawson Elizabeth S. , Chang Renee , White Clifton R. 
Published: July 2009

We present a case of disseminated dermal infection caused by Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum). This rare variant of dermatophytosis has an atypical clinical and histopathological presentation and occurs exclusively in immunosuppressed patients. The large, broad, pleomorphic hyphae with scattered budding arthrospores in this variant of T. rubrum infection are unusual and may represent expression of dermatophyte dimorphism previously described in vitro.Lillis JV, Dawson ES, Chang R, White Jr CR. Disseminated dermal Trichophyton rubrum infection—an expression of dermatophyte dimorphism?
Panniculitis–an unusual cutaneous manifestation of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Almeida MSTM , Lima SCB , Carvalho LL , Almeida JVM , Santos LG , Rolim JRA , Rocha TE 
Published: July 2009

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune systemic disease characterized by small vessel involvement that leads to tissue ischemia and fibroblast stimulation resulting in accumulation of collagen (fibrosis) in the skin and internal organs. Lipomembranous panniculitis is a peculiar type of fat necrosis and has been reported with clinical conditions, commonly with peripheral vascular diseases. We describe a case of a 43‐year‐old woman with SSc manifestations, who presented with black scaly skin plaques, associated with thickening of the subcutaneous fat tissue, on the lateral surface of her thighs, her calves, gluteal area and lower abdomen. Biopsy revealed lipomembranous panniculitis. Lipomembranous changes have been seen in connective tissue disorders such as lupus profundus, morphea, systemic sclerosis and panniculitis associated with dermatomyositis, but rarely in thighs, calves, gluteal area and lower abdomen.Almeida MSTM, Lima SCB, Carvalho LL, Almeida JVM, Santos LG, Rolim JRA, Rocha TE. Panniculitis–An unusual cutaneous manifestation of systemic sclerosis.
Perforating cutaneous metastasis from an ovarian adenocarcinoma
Authors: Abbas Ossama , Salem Ziad , Haddad Fadi , Kibbi Abdul‐Ghani 
Published: July 2009

Cutaneous metastasis from ovarian cancer usually presents clinically as firm papules and nodules on the trunk. Histology commonly exhibits a dermal infiltrate of malignant cells. In this report, we describe a peculiar presentation of perforating cutaneous metastasis from an ovarian carcinoma, which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported previously.Abbas O, Salem Z, Haddad F, Kibbi A‐G. Perforating cutaneous metastasis from an ovarian adenocarcinoma.