bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Potential of GABABReceptor Modulators
Authors: Ong Jennifer , Kerr David I. B. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTMetabotropic γ‐aminobutyric acidB(GABAB) receptors for the major inhibitory transmitter GABA, together with metabotropic glutamate (mGLuRs) receptors, the extracellular calcium‐sensing receptors (CaSRs), some V2R pheromone receptors and T1R taste receptors, belong to the family of 3 G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). GABABreceptors are known to control neuronal excitability and modulate synaptic neurotransmission, playing a very important role in many physiological activities. These receptors are widely expressed and distributed in the nervous system and have been implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative and pathophysiological disorders including epilepsy, spasticity, chronic pain, depression, schizophrenia and drug addiction. To form a functional receptor entity, GABABreceptors must exist as a heterodimer consisting of GABAB1and GABAB2receptor subtypes with two 7‐transmembrane proteins, and these subunits arise from distinct genes. The GABAB1subunit binds the endogenous ligand within its extracellular N‐terminus, whilst the GABAB2subunit is not only essential for the correct trafficking of the GABAB1subunit to the cell surface, but is also responsible for the interaction of the receptor with its cognate G‐protein. Allosteric modulation has recently been recognized as an alternative pharmacological approach to gain selectivity in drug action. It is now generally accepted that modulators acting at the allosteric sites provide a novel perspective for the development of subtype‐selective agents acting at GPCRs. These agents interact with allosteric binding sites quite separate from the highly conserved agonist binding region. In this review, we present a new class of phenylalkylamines, based on the lead compound fendiline, that are potent positive potentiators of GABABreceptor‐mediated function and discuss their putative clinical applications. It is proposed that these new modulators may have therapeutic value in GABABreceptor pharmacology and are capable of selectively modifying GABABreceptor function. The allosteric modulators are offering an attractive and novel means to identify new leads, that are devoid of side effects associated with GABABreceptor agonists, and may, therefore, represent a major advance in the drug discovery process.
Differential diagnosis of keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas: diagnostic value of DNA image cytometry and p53 expression
Authors: Pilch H. , Weiss J. , Heubner C. , Heine M. 
Published: August 2010

DNA‐cytometry and immunohistochemistry with the anti‐p53 antibody DO‐I was performed in 24 keratoacanthomas (KA) and 21 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (13 well‐differentiated, 8 moderately differentiated) to establish the possible value of these methods for the differential diagnosis of both epithelial tumors. Aneuploidy was detected in 1 (4%) KA and 12 (57%) SCC (p < 0.05). In the latter tumors, histologic grade was associated with an abnormal DNA‐content. Six (46%) well and 6 (75%) moderately differentiated SCC were shown to be aneuploid. Over‐expression of p53 protein was found in 16 (76%) SCC and 14(66%) KA (p>0.05; not significant). However, quantification of p53 expression by evaluating both the intensity of immunostaining and the number of cells with over‐expression by means of an immunoreactivity score (IRS) showed significant differences (p<0.05). There was no correlation of p53 over‐expression and aneuploidy in the tumors examined. The analysis of ploidy and immunostaining with anti‐p53 antibodies may give useful additional information regarding the differential diagnosis of SCC and KA, if only aneuploidy or a high IRS are considered.Pilch H, Weiss J, Heubner C, Heine M. Differential diagnosis of keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas: diagnostic value of DNA image cytometry and p53 expression.
Upper dermal elastolysis: A comparative study with mid‐dermal elastolysis
Authors: Hashimoto Ken , Tye Mauray J. 
Published: August 2010

We encountered a patient who complained of many small papules on the neck, shoulders, upper chest and upper back. Biopsy specimens showed complete loss of elastic fibers in the upper dermis including papillary dermis, whereas those of the mid dermis were intact. Electron microscopy revealed that assembly of component fibrils of elastic fibers was loose, and electron dense substance was aggregated in the spaces between these loosely bound subunit Fibrils or along the periphery of abnormal fibers. Dermal phagocytes engulfed abnormal as well as normal elastic fibers. Upper dermal elastolysis is a clinical and histopathological entity different from mid‐dermal elastolysis. Ultrastructural changes of the former are essentially similar to those of the latter but much more severe. It is suggested that activated elastophagocytosis of dermal phagocytes may play a role in this disease.Hashimoto K, Tye MJ. Upper dermal elastolysis: A comparative study with mid‐dermal elastolysis.
Plasma medicine: possible applications in dermatology
Authors: Heinlin Julia , Morfill Gregor , Landthaler Michael , Stolz Wilhelm , Isbary Georg , Zimmermann Julia L. , Shimizu Tetsuji , Karrer Sigrid 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAs a result of both the better understanding of complex plasma phenomena and the development of new plasma sources in the past few years, plasma medicine has developed into an innovative field of research showing high potential. While thermal plasmas have long been used in various medical fields (for instance for cauterization and sterilization of medical instruments), current research mainly focuses on application of non‐thermal plasmas.Experiments show that cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) allow efficient, contact‐free and painless disinfection, even in microscopic openings, without damaging healthy tissue. Plasmas influence biochemical processes and offer new possibilities for the selective application of individually designable medically active substances. In dermatology, new horizons are being opened for wound healing, tissue regeneration, therapy of skin infections, and probably many more diseases. First clinical trials show the efficacy and tolerability of plasma in treating infected chronic wounds. A major task will be the introduction of plasma into clinical medicine and, simultaneously, the further investigation of the mechanisms of action of plasma at the cellular level.
Meyerson‐Phenomenon hides a nevus flammeus
Authors: Simon Vera , Hartschuh Wolfgan , Flux Katharina 
Published: August 2010

SummaryFacial eczema is a common disease in daily dermatological practice. The cause of facial eczema is often atopic dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis. Usually, the eczema resolves with correct topical treatment and by avoiding allergic trigger factors. A 49‐year‐old woman presented with persistent eczema on her forehead which recurred over decades despite correct topical therapy. A skin biopsy revealed the astonishing diagnosis of a nevus flammeus with an overlying eczema known as the Meyerson phenomenon. The Meyerson phenomenon is often described in children with nevi flammei suffering from atopic dermatitis – in adults the phenomenon is rarely recognized as a reason for eczema. We show the interesting case of an adult woman with the Meyerson phenomenon on a nevus flammeus and discuss the possible pathomechanisms.
Race and Place in the Adaptation of Mariel Exiles
Authors: Skop Emily H. 
Published: August 2010

The influx of lower class émigrés during the 1980 Mariel Boatlift complicates the “success story” image of previous waves of Cuban exiles to the United States. Examination of Mariel exiles in terms of racial variation in adaptation does not exist; nor is analysis of the geographic distribution and internal migration of Mariel Cubans within the United States represented. Mariel exiles maneuver along distinguishable paths of adaptation as evidenced by patterns of settlement and geographical mobility. I argue that place is a necessary ingredient in illuminating diverse adjustment experiences among immigrants and refugees in the United States. Being a marielita specifically is different to being a Cuban in Miami. I feel first of all Cuban, not particularly marielita, but I can't deny that I left Cuba in 1980, and that sets me apart from other people that came here at the beginning of the revolution. Being a marielita is hard. A lot of people didn't understand us, didn't care for us, we were different. We were darker.
The New Second Generation in the United States
Authors: Farley Reynolds , Alba Richard 
Published: August 2010

Immigration to the United States accelerated in the late 1960s. Since many migrants are young people who form families shortly after arrival, there is now a large and rapidly growing second generation - many of them now young adults who recently completed school and started their careers. There is much speculation about whether this second generation will assimilate into the middle class rapidly or form a new urban underclass. The last census to ask parental birthplace questions was 1970, so an absence of data precluded testing hypotheses about the social and economic progress of the new second generation. In 1994, the Census Bureau returned an inquiry about parental birthplace to the Current Population Survey so there is now an annual national sample of about 16,000 second-generation Americans. Data from the 1998 and 2000 surveys were pooled and analyzed. This investigation demonstrates that these comprehensive new data provide valuable descriptive information about today's second generation and permit the cautious testing of hypotheses concerning social and economic assimilation. They reveal a great diversity among the second generation depending upon country of origin but, in most comparisons, today's second generation exceed their first-generation parents in educational attainment, occupational achievement and economic status. In many comparisons, second-generation groups have educational attainments exceeding those of third- and higher-generation whites and African Americans. These data refute the hypothesis that today's second generation will languish in poverty. Nevertheless, intergenerational progress was less for persons of Puerto Rican and Mexican heritage than for those of Asian, European or South American heritage.
Ages, Life Stages, and Generational Cohorts: Decomposing the Immigrant First and Second Generations in the United States
Authors: Rumbaut Ruben G. 
Published: August 2010

This article focuses on problems with the definition and empirical identification of immigrant “first” and “second” generations in the United States. These loosely conceived aggregates are decomposed into a typology of distinct generational cohorts defined by age and life stage at migration for the foreign born and by parental nativity for the U.S. born. Differences in educational and occupational attainment and in language and other aspects of acculturation are then examined to consider whether the practice of “lumping” these generational cohorts together, or “splitting” them into distinctive units of analysis, is empirically supported by available evidence. The paper concludes with some thoughts on data needs and methodological considerations in the study of immigrant generations. “All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances; and one man in his time plays many parts, his acts being seven ages …” – William Shakespeare, “As You Like It,” Act II, Scene 7.
Sin Coyote Ni Patrón: Why the “Migrant Network” Fails to Explain International Migration
Authors: Krissman Fred 
Published: August 2010

The “migrant network” concept cannot explain large-scale international migratory flows. This article goes beyond a critique of its ahistorical and post factum nature. First, I argue that restrictions on its composition and functions also render the migrant network unable to explain why such migratory flows continue or expand even further. Second, a review of five studies illustrates why this concept, the propositions on which it rests, the methods it employs, and the conclusions that it imparts must be reconsidered. Third, the network analysis literature, along with my research data from the Mexico-U.S. case, suggest an alternative approach. “International migration networks” include those from the labor-sending hometowns who are emphasized in migrant network studies, as well as a variety of other actors based in the militarized border zone and the labor-receiving regions. I conclude that accurate studies of migration must include the employers that demand new immigrant workers, as well as the labor smugglers and all other actors that respond to this demand. Immigration studies that fail to do so provide erroneous analyses which camouflage the activities of many network actors, and furnish an academic fig leaf behind which unintended, counterproductive, and even lethal public policies have been implemented. By and large, the effective units of migration were (and are) neither individuals nor households but sets of people linked by acquaintance, kinship, and work experience who somehow incorporated American destinations into the mobility alternatives they considered when they reached critical decision points in their individual or collective lives (Tilly, 1990:84, emphasis added). [Migrant n]etwork connections constitute a form of social capital that people can draw upon to gain access to foreign employment (Massey et al., 1993:448, emphasis added)
The State Connection in China's Rural-Urban Migration
Authors: Guang Lei 
Published: August 2010

This study explores the role of China's rural local state-owned and urban state-owned units in its rural-urban migration process. Most studies on Chinese migration have focused on migrants moving from rural to urban areas through informal mechanisms outside of the state's control. They therefore treat the Chinese state as an obstructionist force and dismiss its facilitative role in the migration process. By documenting rural local states' “labor export” strategies and urban state units' employment of millions of peasants, this article provides a corrective to the existing literature. It highlights and explains the state connection in China's rural-urban migration. Labor is … a special kind of commodity. What we do is to fetch a good price for this special commodity. Labor bureau official from Laomei county, 1996 If we want efficiency, we have to hire migrant workers. Party secretary of a state textile factory in Shanghai, 1997
MODELING THE EFFECT OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON SEA TURTLE NESTING ACTIVITIES BY INVESTIGATING SEASONAL TRENDS
Authors: MAZARIS ANTONIOS D. , KORNARAKI EYAGELIA , MATSINOS YIANNIS G. , MARGARITOULIS DIMITRIOS 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. In the present study, a series of models have been developed in order to investigate the effect of sea water temperature upon the nesting activities of marine turtles. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models, ARIMA models with transfer functions and regression models were developed for forecasting variations in the breeding activity of loggerheads, nesting at the island of Zakynthos, West Greece. Identification and development of the models was determined by the use of several statistical criteria. Weekly data series of sea turtles emerging attempts and number of nests laid were analyzed and compared with sea surface temperature (SST) data series.Our results indicate that whether SST data were included in the ARIMA models with transfer functions and the regression models that developed to describe both emergence data and number of nests, tended to improve fitting and forecasting accuracy. Data series of the number of nests laid was further correlated with observation of emergence data. Adding the effect of previous and current year nesting attempts and including SST data resulted to higher forecasting accuracy and fitting performance.
THE INCOMPLETE‐INFORMATION SPLIT‐STREAM FISH WAR: EXAMINING THE IMPLICATIONS OF COMPETING RISKS
Authors: GOLUBTSOV PETER V. , MCKELVEY ROBERT 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.. It is now widely recognized that climactic regime shifts, which aperiodically alter a harvested fish stock's biomass and spatial distribution, may lead to distorted fisheries management decisions which negatively impact the fishery, both biologically and economically. This is particularly true for trans‐boundary migratory stocks, where optimal management relies on coordination among independent nation‐states. Unanticipated changes in stock distribution and abundance can upset expectations of national authorities, leading them to sanction inappropriate harvesting levels by their separately managed fleets targeting the same breeding fish stock.Our theoretical studies are based on a spatially‐distributed stochastic model, which we have called the “split‐stream model,‘ where two separately managed fleets harvest simultaneously at two separate sites. Our key assumption is that competing fleet managers, when harvesting noncooperatively, hold incomplete and asymmetric private information of current stock recruitment and spatial distribution. When subsequently negotiating to coordinate their harvests, they agree that they will share their information and then bargain over partition of the gains from their cooperation. This bargaining process takes into account the fleet's relative competitive strengths, particularly due to private information asymmetries.In this present article we introduce a more complex information structure than had been assumed in our earlier work (McKelvey and Golubtsov [2002], McKelvey, Miller and Golubtsov [2003], Mckelvey et al. [2004]). Specifically, both stock‐growth and stock‐split parameters vary stochastically and asynchronously. Thus, when harvesting noncooperatively, each fleet may possess private knowledge which is unavailable to the other. We examine the interplay of the harvesting game's information structure with other fishery characteristics, such as the fleets' economics and operating characteristics and their attitudes toward risk, to determine the implications of such structure for the outcome of the harvesting game. All of these changes are made to capture new conceptual phenomena and expand the range of applicability of the model.
ALTERNATIVE METHODS TO ANALYZE THE RANK ORDERED DATA: A CASE OF INVASIVE SPECIES CONTROL
Authors: PAUDEL KRISHNA P. , DUNN MICHAEL A. , BHANDARI DOLESWAR , VLOSKY RICHARD P. , GUIDRY KURT M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Data collected regarding homeowner preferences for various Formosan Subterranean termite control methods were analyzed using ordered probit and exploded logit models. Ordered probit model for first, second and fourth preferences had similar variables significant, although the first preference model had many significant variables. The most important variable, in terms of significance, across all preferences was the perception that a respondent thinks that termite existence is a problem in their neighborhood. The results from the exploded logit model indicated that a control option with liquid treatment option and more visits by a pest control agency is a less preferred treatment option.This paper was presented at the 2004 Research Modeling Association World Conference on Natural Resource Modeling in Melbourne, Australia.
Novel Glycoside Hydrolases Identified by Screening a Chinese Holstein Dairy Cow Rumen-Derived Metagenome Library
Authors: Zhao Shengguo , Wang Jiaqi , Bu Dengpan , Liu Kailang , Zhu Yaxin , Dong Zhiyang , Yu Zhongtang 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTOne clone encoding glycoside hydrolases was identified through functional screening of a rumen bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library. Of the 68 open reading frames (ORFs) predicted, one ORF encodes a novel endo-β-1,4-xylanase with two catalytic domains of family GH43 and two cellulose-binding modules (CBMs) of family IV. Partial characterization showed that this endo-xylanase has a greater specific activity than a number of other xylanases over a wide temperature range at neutral pH and could be useful in some industrial applications.
Denitrification Response Patterns during the Transition to Anoxic Respiration and Posttranscriptional Effects of Suboptimal pH on Nitrogen Oxide Reductase in
Paracoccus denitrificans
Authors: Bergaust Linda , Mao Yuejian , Bakken Lars R. , Frostegård Åsa 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Denitrification in soil is a major source of atmospheric N
2
O. Soil pH appears to exert a strong control on the N
2
O/N
2
product ratio (high ratios at low pH), but the reasons for this are not well understood. To explore the possible mechanisms involved, we conducted an in-depth investigation of the regulation of denitrification in the model organism
Paracoccus denitrificans
during transition to anoxia both at pH 7 and when challenged with pHs ranging from 6 to 7.5. The kinetics of gas transformations (O
2
, NO, N
2
O, and N
2
) were monitored using a robotic incubation system. Combined with quantification of gene transcription, this yields high-resolution data for direct response patterns to single factors.
P. denitrificans
demonstrated robustly balanced transitions from O
2
to nitric oxide-based respiration, with NO concentrations in the low nanomolar range and marginal N
2
O production at an optimal pH of 7. Transcription of
nosZ
(encoding N
2
O reductase) preceded that of
nirS
and
norB
(encoding nitrite and NO reductase, respectively) by 5 to 7 h, which was confirmed by observed reduction of externally supplied N
2
O. Reduction of N
2
O was severely inhibited by suboptimal pH. The relative transcription rates of
nosZ
versus
nirS
and
norB
were unaffected by pH, and low pH had a moderate effect on the N
2
O reductase activity in cells with a denitrification proteome assembled at pH 7. We thus concluded that the inhibition occurred during protein synthesis/assembly rather than transcription. The study shed new light on the regulation of the environmentally essential N
2
O reductase and the important role of pH in N
2
O emission.
Bovine Norovirus: Carbohydrate Ligand, Environmental Contamination, and Potential Cross-Species Transmission via Oysters
Authors: Zakhour Maha , Maalouf Haifa , Di Bartolo Ilaria , Haugarreau Larissa , Le Guyader Françoise S. , Ruvoën-Clouet Nathalie , Le Saux Jean-Claude , Ruggeri Franco Maria , Pommepuy Monique , Le Pendu Jacques 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT
Noroviruses (NoV) are major agents of acute gastroenteritis in humans and the primary pathogens of shellfish-related outbreaks. Previous studies showed that some human strains bind to oyster tissues through carbohydrate ligands that are similar to their human receptors. Thus, based on presentation of shared norovirus carbohydrate ligands, oysters could selectively concentrate animal strains with increased ability to overcome species barriers. In comparison with human GI and GII strains, bovine GIII NoV strains, although frequently detected in bovine feces and waters of two estuaries of Brittany, were seldom detected in oysters grown in these estuaries. Characterization of the carbohydrate ligand from a new GIII strain indicated recognition of the alpha-galactosidase (α-Gal) epitope not expressed by humans, similar to the GIII.2 Newbury2 strain. This ligand was not detectable on oyster tissues, suggesting that oysters may not be able to accumulate substantial amounts of GIII strains due to the lack of shared carbohydrate ligand and that they should be unable to contribute to select GIII strains with an increased ability to recognize humans.
Phylogenetic Groups and Pathogenicity Island Markers in Fecal
Escherichia coli
Isolates from Asymptomatic Humans in China
Authors: Li Bin , Sun Jing-yong , Han Li-zhong , Huang Xin-hong , Fu Qiang , Ni Yu-xing 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

The study of phylogenetic groups and pathogenicity island (PAI) markers in commensal
Escherichia coli
strains from asymptomatic Chinese people showed that group A strains are the most common and that nearly half of all fecal strains which were randomly selected harbor PAIs.