bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transpupillary Thermotherapy for Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma: Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcome
Authors: Sharma Tarun , Krishnan Tandava , Gopal Lingam , Nagpal Amit , Khetan Vikas , Rishi Pukhraj 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To report the outcome of treating circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) using transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
An infrared diode laser was used at 810 nm with a median spot size of 2.5 mm, power of 550 mW, and duration of 6.5 minutes; the median number of sittings was two. TTT spared the center of the macula when CCH involved the fovea.

RESULTS:
The mean age was 36 years (range: 13 to 63 years). CCH was subfoveal in 37.5% of the eyes and exudative retinal detachment was evident in all eyes. The tumor dimensions included thickness (median: 4.05 mm; range: 2.2 to 9.1 mm), horizontal diameter (median: 11 mm; range: 6 to 17.7 mm), and vertical diameter (median: 9.4 mm; range: 5.9 to 15.8 mm). After TTT, visual acuity improved in 44%, was maintained in 37%, and worsened in 19% of eyes. Likewise, tumor regression was achieved in thickness, vertical, and horizontal diameter in proportion of 20%, 15%, and 11%, respectively. The exudative retinal detachment resolved in 94% of eyes at the last follow-up. The median follow-up was 9.5 months.

CONCLUSION:
Macula-sparing TTT was effective in causing regression of CCH and resorption of associated exudative retinal detachment, and helped in preserving or improving vision in 81% of treated eyes.
Mechanical Properties of Co-Cr Alloys for Metal Base Framework
Authors: Carek Andreja , Babic Jasenka Zivko , Schauperl Zdravko , Badel Tomislav 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study investigated the effect of two welding methods on the mechanical properties of a cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy for metal base framework.

Materials and methods
Fifty-four plates were cast for TIG and laser welding. Cobalt-chromium for plates were prepared and divided into three groups of 18 samples. Group 1 and 2 were cut at the center of the plate. Eighteen specimens were joint by using TIG (Primotec Phaser Mx1), and other 18 by laser (Nd:YAG laser). Specimens in the as-cast condition were used as control group (group 3). After joining, each specimen was microscopic analyzed and tested to flexural and dynamic failure. Failure loads were recorded and fracture strength calculated.

Results
The changes in microstructure and micro-hardness were studied in the heat-affected zones (HAZ) and unaffected zones. Micro- hardness values increased in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and in welded material compared to the parent material. The ANOVA test showed a highly significant difference (α = 0.05) between the joint strengths of the as-cast control specimens and, TIG and laser-welded joints. The flexural and dynamic strength of the joints were higher than those for the TIG-welded joints, and both were higher than the laser-welded joint strengths for the tested Co-Cr alloy.

Conclusions
Although laser is more popular, in our research TIG showed better results for flexural and dynamic strength.
Effect of Addition of Sapphire (Aluminium Oxide) or Silver Fillers on the Flexural Strength Thermal Diffusivity and Water Sorption of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resins
Authors: Jain Veena , Arora Neelu , Chawla Anoop , Mathur Vijay Prakash 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This work was undertaken to investigate the effect of adding sapphire (aluminium oxide) or silver filler particles on the flexural strength, thermal diffusivity and water sorption of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin.

Materials and methods
A total of 90 samples were fabricated and divided into three groups (n = 30): Group I-PMMA (control), group II- PMMA with sapphire fillers and group III-PMMA with silver fillers. Each group samples were divided into three subgroups (n=10) according to the properties evaluated. Sub group I: Flexural strength samples (rectangular bars of 65 ⨯ 10 ⨯ 2.5 mm dimensions), sub group II: Thermal diffusivity samples (cylindrical shaped of 9 ⨯ 9 mm dimensions) and sub group III: Water sorption samples (disk shaped of dimensions 50 ⨯ 0.5 mm). Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction tests (p < 0.05).

Results
The mean flexural strength of group II (116.5 MPa) was significantly higher while that of group III (77.91 MPa) significantly lower than the control group (88.63 MPa). The mean thermal diffusivities of both group II (0.079 mm/sec) and III (0.123 mm/sec) were found to be significantly higher than the control group (0.062 mm/sec). Both group II (0.59 mg/cm) and group III (0.53 mg/cm) showed significantly less mean water sorption than the control group (0.65 mg/cm).

Conclusion
As compared to silver fillers, sapphire fillers are purported to be better fillers for the reinforcement of polymethylmethacrylate resin. This is because they have potential as added components in denture bases to provide increased flexural strength, thermal diffusivity and decreased water sorption.
Prosthodontic Management of Brothers affected from Anhydrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Gupta Rajiv Kumar , Padmanabhan Thallam Veer , Thomas Bijoy 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
Anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a rare congenital disease that can affect several ectodermal structures, such as hair, teeth, skin, nails, sweat and sebaceous glands. It is commonly a difficult condition to manage with prosthodontics because of the typical oral deficiencies and also patients are quite young when they are evaluated for treatment. This clinical report describes the management of two brothers affected by ectodermal dysplasia, prosthodontically. It is important that these patients should get dental treatment at an early stage for physiologic and psychosocial reasons. Dental treatment can vary depending upon the severity of the disease. This case report describes the use of removable partial dentures to replace congenitally missing teeth, and composite resin material to restore the conical maxillary central incisors to achieve a favorable esthetic result. This approach rehabilitates patients without sacrificing healthy dental tissues.
Neuroprosthetic Rehabilitation of Acquired Skull Defects
Authors: Sharma Ankit 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
Cranial defects can be broadly classified as congenital and acquired defects. Among the congenital defects, encephalocele is the most common cause while trauma, infections and tumors form the bulk of the acquired skull defects. There has been large number of cranial injuries occurring in this modern age requiring the skull reconstruction not only for rehabilitating the skull cosmesis but also improving the neurological status of the patient. The reconstruction of the cranial defects using alloplastic materials opens a new field for the prosthodontist, in which he can render a worth-while health service to the society. This article illustrates a case report of neuroprosthetic rehabilitation of a patient who had a road traffic accident sustaining multiple bone fractures, including skull followed by decompressive craniectomy and cranioplasty using a Titanium cranial prosthesis with prosthodontists and neurosurgeons working as a team, thereby improving his neurological status and cosmesis.
Loading mechanics of the femur in tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) during terrestrial locomotion
Authors: Sheffield K. Megan , Blob Richard W. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYSalamanders are often used as representatives of the basal tetrapod body plan in functional studies, but little is known about the loads experienced by their limb bones during locomotion. Although salamanders' slow walking speeds might lead to low locomotor forces and limb bone stresses similar to those of non-avian reptiles, their highly sprawled posture combined with relatively small limb bones could produce elevated limb bone stresses closer to those of avian and mammalian species. This study evaluates the loads on the femur of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) during terrestrial locomotion using three-dimensional measurements of the ground reaction force (GRF) and hindlimb kinematics, as well as anatomical measurements of the femur and hindlimb muscles. At peak stress (29.8±2.0% stance), the net GRF magnitude averaged 0.42 body weights and was directed nearly vertically for the middle 20–40% of the contact interval, essentially perpendicular to the femur. Although torsional shear stresses were significant (4.1±0.3 MPa), bending stresses experienced by the femur were low compared with other vertebrate lineages (tensile: 14.9±0.8 MPa; compressive: –18.9±1.0 MPa), and mechanical property tests indicated yield strengths that were fairly standard for tetrapods (157.1±3.7 MPa). Femoral bending safety factors (10.5) were considerably higher than values typical for birds and mammals, and closer to the elevated values calculated for reptilian species. These results suggest that high limb bone safety factors may have an ancient evolutionary history, though the underlying cause of high safety factors (e.g. low limb bone loads, high bone strength or a combination of the two) may vary among lineages.
Teaching Risk Management and Safety as a Tool for Supporting Sustainable Development - A Curriculum Development
Authors: Shahriari Mohammad 
Published: July 2011

Teaching Risk Management and Safety as a Tool for Supporting Sustainable Development - A Curriculum DevelopmentTraining of engineers as one of the main factors for implementing sustainability in industry is a key task. Due to this fact, the courses given in Chalmers should be adapted to the goal of sustainability. This could not be gained without integrating of risk assessment, as a tool of loss prevention, into different course curricula. To meet the demands, a course entitled "Risk Management and Safety" is offered two times a year to pre-service teachers that study in Chalmers master and doctoral programmes. This paper is concerned with presenting a method for developing a course curriculum including designing, control and evaluation of the projects as an essential part of the course. Industrial patterns have an important role especially in designing and evaluating the projects. The learning outcomes and the work efficiency are also controlled and evaluated through a questionnaire and personal interviews.
New data on cetoniidae species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) preserved in the patrimony of the Oltenia Museum Craiova (Romania)
Authors: Chimişliu Cornelia , Mogoşeanu Gima 
Published: July 2011

New data on cetoniidae species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) preserved in the patrimony of the Oltenia Museum Craiova (Romania)
The paper includes new data concerning the species Cetoniidae family preserved in the patrimony of the Oltenia Museum Craiova. The examined material (1029 specs) was collected between 1951-2009 from 55 sites, mostly from Oltenia and two sites from Constanţa county. 17 of the 19 species and subspecies previously known in this area have been identified. The Protaetia (Netocia) cuprea metallica (Herbst, 1782) subspecies is mentioned for the first time in the fauna of Oltenia. The identification of the Oxythyrea cinctella (Schaum, 1841) reconfirms the presence of this species in the Romanian fauna. The only mention of this species belongs to Panin (1957). The following species have not been found again: Protaetia (Netocia) fieberi (Kraatz, 1880) and P. (Netocia) ungarica (Herbst, 1790) which were previously mentioned in the museum patrimony (Chimişliu, 1999). At present, in the fauna of Oltenia 20 species and subspecies are confirmed, out of which 19 are preserved in the patrimony of the Oltenia Museum of Craiova.
La Querelle des femmes au cœur du jansénisme
Authors: Kostroun Daniella 
Published: July 2011

Cet article aborde le conflit entre Louis XIV et les religieuses de Port-Royal en mettant l’accent sur la place de la culture nobiliaire et de la capacité d’action des femmes dans la querelle janséniste. Il s’intéresse plus particulièrement à la manière dont les liens entre la réforme d’Angélique Arnauld, en 1609, et une nouvelle culture nobiliaire, qui a tacitement entériné l’entrée, par ascension sociale, de nouvelles familles dans la noblesse française, a créé un conflit (une querelle des femmes) à Port-Royal dans les premières décennies du XVII e siècle. Cette querelle, à son tour, est entrée en résonance avec les débats théologiques sur l’ Augustinus de Jansen, qui sont devenus de plus en plus brûlants à partir des années 1640. Les craintes suscitées par cette nouvelle culture nobiliaire et par le développement de la capacité des femmes à agir, qui jusqu’alors étaient latentes dans la querelle des femmes à Port-Royal, sont, à partir de là, demeurées centrales dans le conflit janséniste. En reconnaître l’importance nous permet de mieux comprendre pourquoi Louis XIV a été si résolu à détruire Port-Royal en 1709 et à mieux apprécier l’empreinte posée par les religieuses sur cet épisode historique.
Marseille et la question du mercantilisme : privilège, liberté et économie politique en France, 1650-1750
Authors: Horn Jeff 
Published: July 2011

Cet article cherche à mettre en lumière l’efficacité des transformations des politiques publiques qui ont permis à l’État des Bourbons de retrouver et de fortifier sa position dominante dans le commerce européen avec l’Empire ottoman entre 1650 et 1750. Ces mesures reposent sur l’utilisation à la fois du privilège et de la liberté et elles ont été concentrées sur le port franc de Marseille comme relais entre les produits lainiers du Languedoc et les marchés du Levant. Les succès français en Méditerranée sont issus de politiques gouvernementales qui ressemblent à celles mises en œuvre par les compétiteurs directs de la France dans le monde atlantique. Ils révèlent les similitudes dans les approches économiques des États ouest-européens à l’époque moderne, et démontrent par là-même que l’historiographie anglophone comprend encore mal les concepts de mercantilisme, de développement économique et les débuts de l’industrialisation.
Inequality and Redistribution
Authors: Iversen Torben , Soskice David 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Cet article explique la persistance de disparités dans les niveaux d’inégalité et de protection sociale au sein des économies développées en termes de variétés de capitalismes et de systèmes politiques. Là où le capitalisme est coordonné, comme en Europe du Nord, les systèmes politiques sont fondés sur le consensus et les élections se font à la proportionnelle ; la politique de consensus et le capitalisme coordonné se renforcent mutuellement pour engendrer un niveau d’inégalité relativement faible et un haut niveau de protection sociale. Là où le capitalisme est libéral, dans les pays anglo-saxons, les systèmes politiques sont concurrentiels avec un système électoral majoritaire : le renforcement mutuel du système politique et du type de capitalisme produit une relative inégalité de revenu et une protection sociale réduite à un filet de sécurité. Les deux systèmes peuvent soutenir des économies potentiellement compétitives au plan international, avec différents avantages comparatifs institutionnels et des succès dans différents secteurs du marché mondial. JEL Code: H2, H5, P16, P51, J5
Experimental and numerical considerations on the failure of thin coating systems in forming technology
Authors: Lampke T. , Wielage B. , Nehrkorn S. , Rupprecht C. , Neugebauer R. , Schmidt G. , Oppermann C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIm Sonderforschungsbereich 692 werden hochfeste Aluminiumlegierungen entwickelt, um den steigenden Anforderungen des Leichtbaus gerecht zu werden. Diese neuartigen Legierungen führen bei Umformwerkzeugen zu hohem Adhäsionsverschleiß. Aus Umweltschutzgründen soll diesem nicht wie bislang durch verstärkten Trenn‐ und Schmiermitteleinsatz, sondern durch eine angepasste Werkzeugbeschichtung und/oder Modifikation der Randschicht begegnet werden. Zur Auslegung der Werkzeuge, Beschichtungen und Substrate, im besonderen Hinblick auf die erhöhten thermomechanischen Belastungen, werden im Teilprojekt B1 Experimente in Kombination mit der Methode der Finiten Elemente (FEM) angewendet. Um die Schicht‐Substrat‐Systeme vollständig numerisch abzubilden, werden Modelle und Materialparameter generiert. Im Besonderen wird dabei ein Schwerpunkt auf die schädigungsmechanische Simulation gelegt. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Oberflächencharakterisierung und Bestimmung allgemeiner mechanischer Parameter für Dünnschichten und fokussiert auf die Erstellung von Schadensmodellen und Ermittlung von Schadensparametern.
Strength investigation on a safety component of aluminium on the example of a bicycle brake lever
Authors: Gröber D. , Leidich E. , Lang H. , Brůžek B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIm Rahmen des wachsenden Interesses an der Betriebssicherheit von Fahrrädern und deren Komponenten wurden Gestaltfestigkeitsuntersuchungen an einem Fahrradbremshebel aus einer Aluminiumgusslegierung durchgeführt. Neben Materialuntersuchungen und einer FE‐Analyse wurde je eine Zeitfestigkeitsgerade für zwei Stichproben von Bremshebeln aus jeweils unterschiedlichen Herstellungszeiträumen experimentell ermittelt. Die gegenüber der ersten Stichprobe mit einem Neigungsexponent von 5,5 steiler verlaufende Zeitfestigkeitsgerade der zweiten Stichprobe liegt außerdem im Bereich größerer Schwingspielzahlen. Die Ursache hierfür ist in einer nachweisbar veränderten Gussqualität zu sehen. Im Bereich der Betriebsfestigkeit wurden 2‐Stufen‐Blockversuche durchgeführt. Unter Anwendung der Miner‐Regel ergaben sich aus den Versuchsergebnissen Schadenssummen größer eins. Die Versuchsergebnisse liegen somit im sicheren Bereich.
Scalp blood lactate for intra‐partum assessment of fetal metabolic acidosis
Authors: HEINIS AYESHA M.F. , SPAANDERMAN MARC E. , GUNNEWIEK JACQUELINE M.T. KLEIN , LOTGERING FRED K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective. To study to what extent the fetal scalp blood lactate concentration during labor correlates with fetal scalp pH and base deficit, and metabolic acidosis at birth, and to suggest lactate cut‐off values to serve as indicators for either reassurance or immediate intervention. Design. A retrospective observational study. Setting. Labor ward at a university medical center. Sample. Fetal scalp and cord blood samples with acid‐base and lactate values from 486 singleton pregnancies beyond 34 weeks’ gestation. Methods. The relation between lactate, pH and base deficit (BD) in fetal scalp blood was tested by Spearman's rho correlation coefficient. Lactate cut‐off values indicating either reassuring fetal status or immediate intervention were estimated using percentile distribution and compared with pH and BD. Main outcome measures. Metabolic acidosis, defined as umbilical cord artery pH below 7.05 and BD calculated for the blood compartment above 12mmol/l. Results. After 127 (21%) exclusions, 486 cases were available for analysis. Fetal lactate values increased with evolving metabolic acidosis. Lactate concentration correlated with both pH (r=−0.50, p<0.01) and BD (r=0.48, p<0.01). Lactate <5.4mmol/l indicated reassuring fetal status, whereas lactate ≥6.6mmol/l indicated metabolic acidosis. Fetal lactate correlated better with either the absence or presence of metabolic acidosis at birth than did fetal pH and BD. Conclusions. In the case of a non‐reassuring fetal heart rate, fetal scalp blood lactate provides more accurate information on fetal acid‐base status than does pH and/or BD.
Leaderless genes in bacteria: clue to the evolution of translation initiation mechanisms in prokaryotes
Authors: Zheng Xiaobin , Hu Gang-Qing , She Zhen-Su , Zhu Huaiqiu 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Shine-Dalgarno (SD) signal has long been viewed as the dominant translation initiation signal in prokaryotes. Recently, leaderless genes, which lack 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTR) on their mRNAs, have been shown abundant in archaea. However, current large-scale in silico analyses on initiation mechanisms in bacteria are mainly based on the SD-led initiation way, other than the leaderless one. The study of leaderless genes in bacteria remains open, which causes uncertain understanding of translation initiation mechanisms for prokaryotes.

Results
Here, we study signals in translation initiation regions of all genes over 953 bacterial and 72 archaeal genomes, then make an effort to construct an evolutionary scenario in view of leaderless genes in bacteria. With an algorithm designed to identify multi-signal in upstream regions of genes for a genome, we classify all genes into SD-led, TA-led and atypical genes according to the category of the most probable signal in their upstream sequences. Particularly, occurrence of TA-like signals about 10 bp upstream to translation initiation site (TIS) in bacteria most probably means leaderless genes.

Conclusions
Our analysis reveals that leaderless genes are totally widespread, although not dominant, in a variety of bacteria. Especially for Actinobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus, more than twenty percent of genes are leaderless. Analyzed in closely related bacterial genomes, our results imply that the change of translation initiation mechanisms, which happens between the genes deriving from a common ancestor, is linearly dependent on the phylogenetic relationship. Analysis on the macroevolution of leaderless genes further shows that the proportion of leaderless genes in bacteria has a decreasing trend in evolution.
Indium Gallium Nitride on Germanium by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Lieten R.R. , Tseng W.-J. , Leys M. , Locquet J.-P. , Dekoster J. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIndium containing III-Nitride layers are predominantly grown by heteroepitaxy on foreign substrates, most often Al2O3, SiC and Si. We have investigated the epitaxial growth of InxGa1-xN (InGaN) alloys on Ge substrates. First we looked at the influence of buffer layers between the InGaN and Ge substrate. When applying a high temperature (850 °C) GaN buffer, the InGaN showed superior crystal quality. Furthermore the influence of growth parameters on the structural quality and composition of InGaN layers has been looked into. For a fixed gallium and nitrogen supply, the indium beam flux was increased incrementally. For both nitrogen- as well as for metal (Ga + In) rich growth conditions, the In incorporation increases for increasing In flux. However, for metal rich growth conditions, segregation of metallic In is observed. An optimum in crystal quality is obtained for a metal:nitrogen flux ratio close to unity. The XRD FWHM of the GaN (0002) reflection increases significantly after InGaN growth. Apparently the presence of indium deteriorates the GaN buffer during InGaN growth. The mechanism of the effect is not known yet.
School-Based Mentoring for Professional Development of Inclusive School Teachers
Authors: Bērziņa Ženija 
Published: July 2011

School-Based Mentoring for Professional Development of Inclusive School TeachersBecause of the importance and the complexity of inclusive education, the implementing of a new teaching method in fifteen schools of four regions of Latvia was integrated with school-based teacher mentoring in a two-year project. A new method of teaching basic concepts for children with learning disabilities was a crucial part of in-service teacher training mentoring programme. This paper illuminates mentors' and teachers-mentees' perceptions on the impact of mentoring on their teaching at the primary school level. Data collected by the means of self-evaluation includes teachers' and their mentors' views on the role of mentoring and teachers' collaboration in teachers' professional development and inclusion of children with special needs. The results of the study show that mentoring and collaboration are pre-conditions for successful teachers' professional development, which creates, in its turn, a favourable basis for enhancement of inclusive education programmes.