bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cow Effects and Estimation of Success of First and Following Inseminations in Dutch Dairy Cows
Authors: Inchaisri C , Jorritsma R , Vernooij JCM , Vos PLAM , van der Weijden GC , Hogeveen H 
Published: April 2011

ContentsThe objective of this research was to determine the contribution of cow factors to the probability of successful insemination accounting for the serial number of inseminations in analysis. The investigation was performed with 101 297 insemination records in 51 525 lactations of different cows from 1368 herds obtained from the Dutch milk production recording database. Cows that had a first insemination (AI) between 40 and 150 days post‐partum with one or more inseminations (≤6 inseminations) were selected. An insemination was defined successful when not followed by another insemination and when the cow calved between 267 and 295 days after insemination, or when the cow was culled between 135 and 295 days after the last insemination. Breed, parity, days in milk, lactation curve characteristics, milk production traits, moment of AI related to peak milk yield time (before or after peak milk yield), the last calf (female, male, twin or stillbirth) and season of insemination were selected as independent parameters for a model with successful rate of insemination as dependent parameter. A multivariable logistic regression model was used within cow and farm as a random effect. The probability of successful insemination was the highest in the first insemination and decreased in the following inseminations. However, the success rate of all inseminations increased in a later stage of lactation. The improvement in the successful inseminations in a later stage of lactation was better in multiparous cows than in first parity cows. Insemination in summer and before peak milk yield time reduced the success of insemination. The success rate was the lowest in 100% Holstein Friesian cows compared with other breeds and was the highest when the last calf was a female calf compared to a male calf, twin or stillbirth. In conclusion, the success of first and following inseminations depended on parity, breed, season of insemination, last calf status, daily milk yield at insemination date, serial insemination number and days in milk at insemination date.
Disease progression in melanoma patients with negative sentinel lymph node: does false‐negative specimens entirely account for this phenomenon?
Authors: Savoia P. , Fava P. , Caliendo V. , Osella‐Abate S. , Ribero S. , Quaglino P. , Macripò G. , Bernengo M.G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground  Sentinel lymph node (SLN) status is the most important prognostic factor for subjects with primary melanoma thicker than 1 mm.Objective  We focused our study on patients with disease progression after negative SLN biopsy (SLNB), with the aim of elucidating their clinical and histopathological characteristics, outcome and real incidence of false negative.Methods  A total of 688 melanoma patients who underwent SLNB (1 May 1998–31 December 2008) were analysed; all patients had Breslow >1 mm or Breslow <1 mm and at least one of the following features: regression, ulceration and/or Clark level IV–V.Results  Progression developed in 114 of 503 negative SLN patients (22.7%); the first metastatic site was regional in 64% and distant in 36% of these cases. Thirty‐nine patients had nodal metastases in the SLN basin as first site of progression. High‐risk melanomas (P = 0.001) and elderly patients (P = 0.0005) had an increased probability of progression. Women with a higher median age and lower limbs primary melanoma developed mainly regional skin metastases, while an increased probability of distant metastases was demonstrated in patients with primary on the trunk and axillary SLN (P = 0.003, P = 0.001 respectively). Age at diagnosis, Breslow thickness and regression showed a prognostic relevance in univariate and multivariate analyses on disease‐free survival and overall survival.Conclusions  Even if SLN status remains the most important prognostic factor for melanoma patients, progressive disease after a negative SLNB is a relatively frequent event. However, in our opinion, only a part of negative SLNB patients with metastatic spreading should be considered as false negative (7.75%).
Influence of angular velocity on Vastus Lateralis and Rectus Femoris oxygenation dynamics during knee extension exercises
Authors: Denis Romain , Wilkinson Jennifer , De Vito Giuseppe 
Published: April 2011

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether changes in angular velocity would alter vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) oxygenation status during maximal isokinetic knee extension exercises. Eleven recreationally active male participants randomly performed ten maximal knee extensions at 30, 60, 120 and 240° s−1. Tissue oxygenation index (TOI) and total haemoglobin concentration ([tHb]) were acquired from the VL and RF muscles by means of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Breath‐by‐breath pulmonary oxygen consumption () was recorded throughout the tests. Peak torque and significantly decreased as a function of velocity (P<0·05). Interestingly, RF and VL TOI significantly increased as a function of velocity (P<0·05), whereas [tHb] significantly decreased as a function of velocity (P<0·05). A greater number of muscle fibre recruited at slow velocity, where the torque and were the highest, might explain the lower VL and RF TOI observed herein. Furthermore, the increase in local blood flow (suggested by [tHb] changes) during isokinetic knee extension exercises performed at slow angular velocity might have been induced by a higher intramuscular pressure during the contraction phases as well as a greater microcirculatory vasodilatation during relaxation phases. Implementing slow‐velocity isokinetic exercises in rehabilitation or other training programmes could delay the short‐term anoxia generated by such exercises and result in muscle metabolism enhancement.
Anti‐nociceptive effect of kinin B1 and B2 receptor antagonists on peripheral neuropathy induced by paclitaxel in mice
Authors: Costa Robson , Motta Emerson M , Dutra Rafael C , Manjavachi Marianne N , Bento Allisson F , Malinsky Fernanda R , Pesquero João B , Calixto João B 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In the current study, we investigated the role of both kinin B1 and B2 receptors in peripheral neuropathy induced by the chronic treatment of mice with paclitaxel a widely used chemotherapeutic agent.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Chemotherapy‐evoked hyperalgesia was induced by i.p. injections of paclitaxel (2 mg·kg−1) over 5 consecutive days. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated between 7 and 21 days after the first paclitaxel treatment.KEY RESULTS Treatment with paclitaxel increased both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in mice (C57BL/6 and CD1 strains). Kinin receptor deficient mice (B1,or B2 receptor knock‐out and B1B2 receptor, double knock‐out) presented a significant reduction in paclitaxel‐induced hypernociceptive responses in comparison to wild‐type animals. Treatment of CD1 mice with kinin receptor antagonists (DALBK for B1 or Hoe 140 for B2 receptors) significantly inhibited both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia when tested at 7 and 14 days after the first paclitaxel injection. DALBK and Hoe 140 were also effective against paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathy when given intrathecally or i.c.v.. A marked increase in B1 receptor mRNA was observed in the mouse thalamus, parietal and pre‐frontal cortex from 7 days after the first paclitaxel treatment.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Kinins acting on both B1 and B2 receptors, expressed in spinal and supra‐spinal sites, played a crucial role in controlling the hypernociceptive state caused by chronic treatment with paclitaxel.
Blood group O and black race are independent risk factors for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency
Authors: Terrell Deirdra R. , Motto David G. , Kremer Hovinga Johanna A. , Lämmle Bernhard , George James N. , Vesely Sara K. 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND: It has been postulated that blood group O subjects may be partially protected against thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) because they have lower plasma levels of von Willebrand factor.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The Oklahoma TTP Registry enrolled 301 consecutive patients from November 13, 1995 (when systematic ADAMTS13 measurements began), through 2009; 281 (93%) patients had ADAMTS13 measurements. Patients were designated as having severe ADAMTS13 deficiency when the activity measurement by either method was less than 10%. ABO blood group was determined in all 281 patients. The observed frequency of blood group O was compared to the expected frequency. The association between severe ADAMTS13 deficiency and blood group, race, sex, and age were analyzed by logistic regression.RESULTS: The frequency of blood group O was unexpectedly and significantly greater than the race‐ethnicity–adjusted expected frequency in 65 patients with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency (60.0% vs. 47.4%, p = 0.042) but not in 216 patients without severe ADAMTS13 deficiency (44.9% vs. 46.5%, p = 0.639). Blood group O and race‐ethnicity were independently associated with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency among patients with TTP. The probability for severe ADAMTS13 deficiency was 45.8% with O and 32.1% with non‐O blood groups for black patients and 24.1% with O and 15.1% with non‐O blood groups for white patients.CONCLUSION: Among patients with TTP and severe ADAMTS13 deficiency the relative frequency of patients with blood group O was greater than expected, suggesting that blood group O may be a risk factor for TTP associated with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency.
MULTIPLICATION OF POTATO LEAF ROLL VIRUS IN THE APHID MYZUS PERSICAE (SULZ.)
Authors: STEGWEE D. , PONSEN M. B. 
Published: April 2011

Insect‐to‐insect transmission of potato leaf roll virus proved possible by injecting either juice or haemolymph from viruliferous Myzus persicae into virus‐free ones.In serial transmission experiments, in which injection of haemolymph was practised, the virus could be carried through as many as 15 successive aphid‐to‐aphid passages without access of inoculated insects to any plants that are susceptible to leaf roll. The theoretical dilution of original virus used for the inoculation in the 15th passage would have been approximately 10−21. It is concluded that such persistence of virus in the aphids could only be explained on the assumption that the insect itself sustains reproduction of the virus.Zusammenfassung1. Das Blattrollvirus der Kartoffel konnte durch Injektion von Preßsaft oder Blut virusinfizierter Myzus persicae (Sulz.) auf virusfreie Insekten übertragen werden.2. Bei Serien‐Übertragungen unter Verwendung von Blutinjektionen blieb das Virus in 15 aufeinander folgenden Generationen ursprünglich virusfreier Blattläuse erhalten. Hierbei wurde nach der Injektion als Zwischenwirt der blattrollunempfindliche chinesische Kohl benutzt.3. Die theoretische Verdünnung der ursprünglichen Virusmenge pro Blattlaus betrug nach der 15. Passage ungefähr 10−21. Injektion des auf 1: 104 verdünnten Blutes virusinfizierter Läuse ergab dagegen in keinem Fall Infektionsfähigkeit (Tabelle III und IV).4. Die Existenz einer Latenz‐Periode bei der Übertragung konnte nach Injektion kleiner Virusmengen bewiesen werden. Verdünnung des injizierten Blutes verlängerte diese Periode (Tabelle I und II).5. Diese Befunde deuten auf Vermehrung des Virus innerhalb der Blattläsen.6. Wenn virusinfizierte Blattläuse auf chinesischem Kohl gehalten werden, zeigt ihre Infektionsfähigkeit deutlich periodische Schwankungen (Fig. 1).
EFFECT OF PARASITIZATION BY APHIDIUS PLATENSIS BRÈTHES ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY OF ITS HOST, APHIS CRACCIVORA KOCH
Authors: JOHNSON BRUCE 
Published: April 2011

Parasitization of nymphs of Aphis craccivora by Aphidius platensis results in interference with their normal developmental physiology. Different stages of growth of the parasite have opposite influences on the host: unhatched parasite eggs exert a “juvenilizing” effect, producing metathetely; whereas parasite larvae sometimes cause the premature appearance of adult characters (prothetely). When winged nymphs of the host are parasitized, the differentiation of alatiform structures is inhibited. This results in the production of aphids intermediate in form between normal alatae and aptcrae; the extent of development of alatiform structures is determined by their degree of differentiation at the time of parasitization and whether one or more parasite eggs are deposited. It is suggested that parasitic metathetely in aphids is brought about by interference with the titre of juvenile hormone, and that alate‐apterous polymorphism in aphids generally is controlled by the same hormone system as is concerned in moulting and metamorphosis.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDIE WIRKUNG DER PARASITIERUNG DURCH APHIDIUS PLATENSIS BRÈTHES AUF DIE ENTWICKLUNGSPHYSIOLOGIE SEINES WIRTES, APHIS CRACCIVORA KOCH.Die normale Entwicklungsphysiologie der Junglarven von Aphis craccivora wird durch die Bestiftung mit Eiern von Aphidius platensis gehemmt. Dabei haben verschiedene Entwicklungsstadien des Parasiten gegensätzliche Wirkungen auf den Wirt: nichtgeschlüpfte Parasiteneier haben eine Verjüngungswirkung mit Metatelie als Endeffekt, während Junglarven des Parasiten manchmal eine verfrühte Ausbildung imaginaler Eigenschaften (Protelie) bei den Aphiden verursachen. Werden junge Nymphen des Wirtes parasitiert, so wird die kutikulare Differenzierung ihrer Flügelanlagen gehemmt. Daraus entstehen Imagines, die Intermediärformen zwischen geflügelten und ungeflügelten Morphen darstellen. Das Stadium der Differenzierung der kutikularen Strukturen bei der Belegung und die Anzahl der Parasiteneier bestimmen dabei den endgültigen Ausbildungsgrad dieser Anlagen.Es wird angenommen, daß die Blattläuse metatdische Entwicklung zeigen, wenn ihr Juvenilhormontitre gestört wird, und daß der Flügelpolymorphismus durch das gleiche Hormonsystem kontrolliert wird wie Häutung und Metamorphose.
CHILL‐COMA AND COLD DEATH TEMPERATURES OF APIS MELLIFERA
Authors: FREE J. B. , SPENCER‐BOOTH YVETTE 
Published: April 2011

Worker bees have a lower chill‐coma temperature than drones or queens, which is influenced by their acclimatisation temperature as is their food consumption at a given temperature. Most bees die after 50 hrs. in chill coma, and survive longer at 5° C than at 0 or 10° C. Cold death occurs between −2 and −6° C and is unaffected by acclimatisation. Winter bees have lower chill‐coma temperatures than summer bees but after acclimatisation to 35° C there is no difference. The chill‐coma temperature of summer bees decreases with age irrespective of acclimatisation.ZusammenfassungKÄLTESTARRE‐ UND KÄLTETOD‐TEMPERATUREN VON APIS MELLIFICAArbeitsbienen haben eine niedrigere Kältestarretemperatur als Drohnen und Königinnen. Akklimatisierung der Arbeiterinnen an verschiedene Temperaturen beeinflußt ihre Kältestarretemperaturen und die Zeit, die sie zur Erholung von der Kältestarre benötigen. Die Akklimatisation ist nach 24 Stunden vollständig. Die Stoffwechselrate der Bienen bei einer gegebenen Temperatur wird ebenfalls von der Akklimatisationstemperatur beeinflußt.Die meisten Bienen sterben nach 50stündiger Kältestarre und wenige überleben mehr als 80 Stunden. Bei 5° C ist die Überlebensrate größer als bei 0° oder 10°. Der Tod tritt zwischen −2° und −6° C ein und ist von vorangegangener Akklimatisation unbeeinflußt.Bienen vom Rande einer Wintertraube haben niedrigere Kältestarretemperaturen als Bienen aus der Mitte. Winterbienen haben eine niedrigere Kältestarretemperatur als Sommerbienen, doch nach Akklimatisation an 35° C besteht kein Unterschied mehr. Die Kältestarretemperatur nimmt im Sommer mit dem Alter ab, ob die Bienen an 35° C akklimatisiert sind oder nicht. Es wird vermutet, daß dies auf Unterschieden in der Stoffwechselrate der betreffenden Bienen beruht.
FOOD PLANT RELATIONSHIPS OF THE DIAMOND‐BACK MOTH (PLUTELLA MACULIPENNIS (CURT.)) II. Sensory Regulation of Oviposition of the Adult Female
Authors: GUPTA P. D. , THORSTEINSON A. J. 
Published: April 2011

Oviposition responses to natural and artificial substrates were investigated. More eggs were deposited on plants that contain isothiocyanates (natural hosts). Depletion of isothiocyanate content by sulfur‐deficient plant nutrition appears to reduce attractiveness of host plants as egg substrates. Eggs are laid preferentially in concavities of leaves or stems. Significantly more eggs are laid on dimpled than smooth polyvinyl plastic surfaces. On both types of plastic substrate more eggs are laid if allyl isothiocynate or mustard leaf juice is added. Mustard leaf juice contains allyl isothiocyanate but is more stimulating to oviposition indicating that other factors contribute to the total effect.Although the coumarin in Melilotus sp. tends to inhibit oviposition, Plutella may be induced to increase egg deposition on such plants by treating them with allyl isothiocyanate. Unknown inhibitory constituents in tomato leaves prevent egg laying even in the presence of allyl isothiocyanate. It was concluded that oviposition is regulated significantly by external stimuli and that inhibitory chemical influences as well as positive chemical stimuli and texture of the surface are all significant factors.ResumeNous avons étudié la ponte au point de vue des réponses de Plutella maculipennis aux surfaces naturelles et artificielles. La ponte s'est avérée plus forte sur les plantes qui contenaient des isothiocyanates (h&#x006f;&#x030c;tes naturels). La baisse du contenu d'isothiocyanate dans une nourriture pauvre en souffre semble réduire l'attraction de la surface des h&#x006f;&#x030c;tes à la ponte. L'insecte préfère pondre ses oeufs dans les concavités des feuilles ou des tiges. D'une manière significative, la ponte s'avère plus forte sur une surface rugueuse que sur des surfaces lisses de plastiques polyvinyls. La ponte est plus élevée sur la surface des deux espèces de plastiques si on ajoute du jus de feuilles de moutarde ou de l'allylisothiocyanate. L'allylisothiocyanate est un des constituants de jus de la feuille de moutarde, mais exerce une action moins prononcée sur la ponte que ce jus. Ceci indique que d'autres agents contribuent à l'effet total.Bienque la coumarine dans Melilotus (sp.) ait tendance à inhiber la ponte, on peut induire Plutella à augmenter la ponte sur de telles plantes en les traitant avec de l'allylisothiocyanate. Certains constituants inhibitifs inconnus qu'on trouve dans les feuilles de Lycopersicum empěchent la ponte měme avec traitement d'allylisothiocyanate. La conclusion s'impose: la ponte est fortement influencée par des excitants externes et les inhibitions causées par des influences chimiques aussi bien que par des excitants chimiques favorables, de měme que la texture de la surface en question. Ces choses sont tous des facteurs importants.
ACCLIMATIZATION TO COLD IN INSECTS1
Authors: COLHOUN E. H. 
Published: April 2011

Evidence is given that insects acclimatized to colder temperatures are more resistant to immobilization by cold. There is a temperature below which further acclimatization is not achieved. Data are presented for the rate of gain and loss of cold tolerance. This is further evidence of acclimatization. The rate of recovery after immobilization by cold is related to the acclimatization temperatures. The rate of survival at low temperatures above freezing is dependent upon the acclimatization temperature.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGKÄLTE‐AKKLIMATISATION BEI INSEKTEN1. Die experimentellen Daten zeigen, daß Blattella nach einer Akklimatisierungs‐Temperatur von 15° C resistenter gegen Kälte ist als nach einer solchen von 25° C oder 35° C.2. Nach einer Akklimatisierungs‐Temperatur von 10° C tritt Kältestarre bei der gleichen Temperatur ein wie nach einer Akklimatisierungs‐Temperatur von 15° C. Dies zeigt, daß nach Unterschreiten einer Minimaltemperatur keine weitere Akklimatisierung stattfindet.3. Die Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine Akklimatisation bei 15° C, 25° C und 35° C erfolgt, zeigt, daß die Depression der Temperatur für das Einsetzen der Kältestarre nicht durch einen Schockeffekt hervorgerufen wird.4. Die Geschwindigkeit, mit welcher eine Erholung aus der Kältestarre stattfindet, weist darauf hin, daß Blattella sich an verschiedene Temperaturen akklimatisieren kann.5. Die Reaktivierung von Blattella aus der Kältestarre wird bei niedrigen Temperaturen über dem Gefrierpunkt durch die Akklimatisierung beeinflußt. Nach einer Akklimatisierungs‐Temperatur von 15° C überleben mehr Schaben als nach einer solchen von 25° C oder 35° C. Alle Schaben, die an eine Temperatur von 15° C akklimatisiert waren, starben schließlich bei 7° C, obwohl sie gegen Kälteeinwirkung resistenter waren als Schaben, die an eine Temperatur von 25° C oder 35° C akklimatisiert waren.6. Wie in der Diskussion der Ergebnisse ausgeführt wird, ist es unwahrscheinlich, daß ein Senken der für das Eintreten der Kältestarre notwendigen Temperatur um 2.6° C für freilebende Blattella bedeutungsvoll ist.
THE CONSUMPTION, DIGESTION AND UTILIZATION OF SOLANACEOUS AND NON‐SOLANACEOUS PLANTS BY LARVAE OF THE TOBACCO HORNWORM, PROTOPARCE SEXTA (JOHAN.) (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE)
Authors: WALDBAUER G. P. 
Published: April 2011

Maxillectomized tobacco hornworms were raised from the beginning to the end of the fourth stadium on the leaves of Taraxacum officinale, Arctium minus and Verbascum thapsus, non‐solanaceous plants which are not fed upon by intact larvae. Intact larvae were similarly raised on the leaves of tomato, potato and Solanum dulcamara.The growth rate, the rate of food intake, the percent digestibility and the gross and net efficiency of the utilization of food for growth were measured on the basis of dry weights.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGANNAHME, VERDAUUNG UND AUSNUTZUNG VON SOLANACEEN UND NICHTSOLANACEEN DURCH RAUPEN DES TABAKSCHWÄRMERS, PROTOPARCE SEXTA (JOHAN.) (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE)Maxillektomierte Larven von Protoparce sexta wurden vom Beginn bis zum Ende des vierten Stadiums an Blättern der Nichtsolanaceen Taraxacum officinale, Arctium minus und Verbascum thapsus aufgezogen, die von unbehandelten Tieren nicht gefressen werden. Kontroll‐Raupen wurden mit Tomatenlaub gefüttert. Nichtoperierte Tiere wurden in ähnlicher Weise an den Blättern von drei normalerweise angenommenen Solanaceen: Tomaten, Kartoffeln und Solanum dulcamara gehalten.Die Wachstumsrate, der Nahrungsverbrauch, die prozentuale Verdaulichkeit sowie Gesamtund Netto‐Wirksamkeit der Nahrungsausnutzung für das Wachstum wurden auf Grund der Trockengewichte berechnet. Die Nahrungsaufnahme wurde auf der Basis von Frisch‐ wie Trockengewichten bestimmt.Die Pflanzen unterschieden sich in ihrer Fähigkeit, das Wachstum zu fördern. Mit Ausnahme der an Verbascum gefütterten Raupen können Unterschiede in der Wachstumsrate und in der Wirksamkeit der Nahrungsverwertung auf Unterschiede in der Nahrungsaufnahmerate und der Verdaulichkeit der Nahrung zurückgeführt werden. Die verdaulichen Anteile dieser Blätter wiesen ähnliche Nährwerte auf. Der verdauliche Anteil der Verbascum‐Blätter war jedoch dem anderer Blätter ernährungsmäßig unterlegen.