bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implant‐supported mandibular overdentures: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bressan Eriberto , Tomasi Cristiano , Stellini Edoardo , Sivolella Stefano , Favero Giovanni , Berglundh Tord 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective: The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to determine the clinical outcome and patient satisfaction in subjects treated with mandibular overdentures supported by two implants.Material and methods: One hundred and fifty‐nine patients, who received restorative therapy in the edentulous mandible consisting of a bar‐retained overdenture supported by two osseointegrated implants in a private clinic in Italy, were recalled for a clinical and radiographic examination. One hundred and forty‐one subjects with 280 implants attended the examination. The average follow‐up time was 3.9 years. The radiographic examination included assessments of the distance between the implant margin and the most coronal position of bone‐to‐implant contact at the mesial and distal aspects of each implant. A questionnaire regarding comfort, satisfaction with the treatment, aesthetics, speaking capacity and efficiency in chewing was obtained from each subject. Biological and technical complications were recorded and the number of visits due to complications between the delivery of the prostheses and the re‐examination was determined.Results: The results from the examination revealed that the number of lost implants was small and the average marginal bone level around the implants was 0.67 mm apical of the implant margin. The most frequently observed complication was hyperplasia of the mucosal tissue under the bar construction. Few patients experienced loosening of retention. The vast majority of patients reported to be satisfied in relation to the restorative therapy from both functional and aesthetic points of view.Conclusion: Patients with edentulous mandibles may be successfully rehabilitated by means of two implants supporting a bar‐retained overdenture.To cite this article: Bressan E, Tomasi C, Stellini E, Sivolella S, Favero G, Berglundh T. Implant‐supported mandibular overdentures: a cross‐sectional study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 814–819. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02225.x
EMD or subepithelial connective tissue graft for the treatment of single gingival recessions: a pilot study
Authors: Alkan E. A. , Parlar A. 
Published: June 2011

Alkan EA, Parlar A. EMD or subepithelial connective tissue graft for the treatment of single gingival recessions: a pilot study. J Periodont Res 2011; 46: 637–642. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  The combination of EMD with root‐coverage procedures has been shown to promote periodontal regeneration on the exposed root surface. The aim of this randomized clinical study was to compare the efficacy of EMD with connective tissue graft (CTG) for the treatment of Miller Class I and Class II single recessions in a split‐mouth design.Material and methods:  The study included 12 systemically healthy patients, each with two single bilateral gingival recession defects (24 recessions). One recession defect in each patient was treated with the coronally advanced flap (CAF) + EMD procedure and the other recession defect was treated with the CTG + EMD procedure, in a split‐mouth study design. The parameters recession depth (RD), recession width, percentage of root coverage, height of keratinized tissue (HKT), gingival thickness, probing depth and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline. All parameters, except for gingival thickness, were remeasured at 6 and 12 mo.Results:  The mean percentage root coverage at the final evaluation was 92 ± 14% for the CAF + EMD group and 89 ± 14% for the CAF + CTG group. Both treatments resulted in statistically significant (p < 0.05) decreases in RD and recession width, and increases in HKT, at 6 and 12 mo. There was also a significant decrease in the probing depth and a significant gain in the CAL for both groups. The probing depth was statistically higher in the CAF + CTG group than in the CAF + EMD group at 6 mo (p < 0.05), while the CAL was statistically lower in the CAF + EMD group than in the CAF + CTG group at 6 and 12 mo (p < 0.05).Conclusion:  The present study demonstrated that both CAF + EMD and CAF + CTG procedures were similarly successful in treating Miller Class I and Class II single gingival recession defects.
Causes of Inflation in China: Inflation Expectations
Authors: He Liping , Liu Qianwen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper argues that the main causes of inflation in China since the early 21st century are changes in the public's inflation expectations. The conventional wisdom, the quantity theory of money, may not be adequate to capture the relationship between price changes and money supply growth, as the economic system evolves and people's income and wealth grow. An examination of China's GDP deflator and broad money supply relative to nominal GDP shows that the relationship between the two series is relatively weak. A further examination of China's monthly CPI series over the period 2001–2010 reveals that the autoregressive models are a better fit than the moving average models, which suggests that the role of CPI expectations has been significant and important. Because of the importance of inflation expectations in CPI movement, we believe the Central Bank's monetary policy that targets CPI inflation should emphasize the use of policy instruments that have direct and strong communication links with the public. Quantitative measures would have their own use, but their effectiveness would be unlikely to match that of interest rate measures, especially from a short‐term perspective.
Labor Quality and Inward FDI: A Firm‐level Empirical Study in China
Authors: Lin Faqin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between labor quality and inward foreign direct investment (FDI) distribution in China using a large sample of Chinese cross‐sectional, firm‐level data, with comprehensive information about labor quality. The paper finds that labor quality measured by education level plays an important role in deciding the distribution of inward FDI, but labor quality measured by working certificates loses its significance using non‐parametric matching techniques and the instrumental variables and generalized method of moments technique. The author also finds that labor quality has a more significant impact on other foreign investments than Hong Kong‐invested, Macau‐invested and Taiwan‐invested firms. The impacts of labor quality on inward FDI are found to be strongly uneven across industries and provinces. Therefore, China should pay more attention to the education of employees in all foreign‐invested firms, and invest more in education to improve labor quality, which will help China to attract more FDI, especially technology‐intensive FDI.
Modality from a Historical Perspective
Authors: Traugott Elizabeth Closs 
Published: June 2011

Abstract‘Modality’ is defined as a semantic supercategory distinct from ‘modals’, which are structural expressions. Recent diachronic cross‐linguistic work on both modality and modals is reviewed, with particular attention to the role of dynamic (‘ability’) modality in the rise of modal expressions. Since much research in the last decade has focused on non‐verbal expressions of modality, the historical development of adjectives into modals, e.g. had better, Japanese –(r)eba ii ‘it is good if’, is highlighted, as is the development of modal adjectives, e.g. essential, and adverbs, e.g. surely. Modal expressions are shown to be subjectified over time, e.g. both deontic and epistemic must originated in relatively objective expressions, but are extended to meanings based in the speaker’s perspective, Japanese –be‐si ‘appropriate, inevitable’ (future‐oriented) came to be used subjectively to express speaker’s conjecture (present‐oriented). Finally some hypothesized correlations between culture, cultural change and shifts in modal meanings and uses are discussed.
Generating Spoken Sentences: The Relationship Between Words and Syntax
Authors: Wheeldon Linda R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractProducing spoken sentences involves the retrieval, from long‐term memory, of the words that best match the concepts we wish to express and the generation of a syntactic structure that provides an appropriate linear order for these words. Current psycholinguistic models of sentence production overlap greatly in both the representations and processes they postulate but diverge in one central aspect; the relationship they propose to exist between words and syntax. Traditional models postulate a close relationship, with syntactic processes dependent on lexical representations, whereas more recent computational approaches hold lexical retrieval and syntactic structure building entirely separate. This article provides an overview of the data and theories relevant to the generation of words and syntax during spoken sentence production.
DNA Hypermethylation and Histone Modifications Downregulate the Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene RRP22 on 22q12 in Human Gliomas
Authors: Schmidt Natalie , Windmann Sonja , Reifenberger Guido , Riemenschneider Markus J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRRP22 (Ras‐related protein on chromosome 22) has been suggested as a candidate tumor suppressor in human cancers. Investigating a panel of 70 human gliomas, we found a frequent decrease in the RRP22 mRNA expression levels (67%), preferentially in high‐grade gliomas [World Health Organization (WHO) grades III and IV] as compared with low‐grade gliomas (WHO grade II). Moreover, reduced RRP22 mRNA expression was associated with shorter overall survival in 180 glioblastoma patients included in the National Institutes of Health Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (NIH REMBRANDT) database. Decreased RRP22 expression levels were in part explained by 5'‐CpG island hypermethylation and increased by the treatment with the demethylating agent 5‐aza‐2'‐deoxycytidine in glioblastoma cell lines. In addition, the in vitro treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A alone resulted in RRP22 reexpression as well as a significant increase in the levels of RRP22 promoter DNA bound to pan‐acetylated histone H3 and H4. Moreover, in primary human glioblastomas, we observed an increase of H3K9me3‐bound and a decrease of pan‐Ac‐H3‐bound RRP22 in comparison with non‐neoplastic brain tissue, consistent with a heterochromatinization of the RRP22 promoter. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that both 5'‐CpG island hypermethylation and histone modifications contribute to the frequent and prognostically unfavorable transcriptional downregulation of RRP22 in malignant gliomas.
The principles, competencies, and curriculum for educating dental therapists: a report of the American Association of Public Health Dentistry Panel
Authors: Evans Caswell 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA panel of academicians was formed to develop an educational plan for dental therapists. The panel met over a 14‐month period of time (2010‐2011). The panel interviewed leadership from dental therapy educational programs in New Zealand, Canada, Alaska, and the University of Minnesota. The panel was structured into three subcommittees – principles, competencies, and curriculum to develop an educational plan for a 2‐year postsecondary school dental therapy program. Reports from the three subcommittees are presented in this article along with introductory information and a discussion about the reports. A fourth subcommittee considered career pathways, and its report is presented as a separate article in this special issue. The final work of the panel was to consider accreditation issues regarding dental therapist programs, and its report is also presented in this issue.
THE AUDACITY OF TRUTH: THE ANTIGONE OF ARIS ALEXANDROU, A PLAY OF ISLAND DETENTION FROM THE GREEK CIVIL WAR
Authors: VAN STEEN GONDA 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
This article offers a thematic reading of the Antigone play that the Greek poet Aris Alexandrou finished writing in 1951, while pushed into isolation on the prison islands for leftist detainees of the Greek Civil War. It also discusses the 2003 stage production of the play by director Victor Arditti and the State Theatre of Northern Greece. Alexandrou's free adaptation of Sophocles' Antigone delivers the complex other side of the radical resistance that inspired postwar Greek politics and culture. The playwright's political views made him suffer exile within the ‘internal exile’ of his detainment on the prison islands, and the same holds true for his young and idealist protagonist Antigone. Thus the play becomes an essential piece of the less well documented debate between the Greek Left and those pushed out from within. Therefore, too, it has been particularly vulnerable to criticism – or to a fate worse than criticism: oblivion.
Constraint-Based Limb Synthesis and Mobility-Change-Aimed Mechanism
Construction
Authors: Gan Dongming , Dai Jian S. , Caldwell Darwin G. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
This paper proposes a new synthesis approach by using constraints for limb synthesis to target mobility-change in the mechanism construction. The limbs therefore produced have the facility to reconfigure the limb twist-system to change the screw system order for reconfigurability. This presents various reconfigurable limbs with geometric constraints of their joints based on the newly invented reconfigurable Hook (rT) joints. The procedure of the limb synthesis is put forward to fully utilize the property of the new joint for generating the reconfigurable limbs. The paper further presents a mobility-change condition to construct a metamorphic mechanism with the reconfigurable limbs. This gives a family of metamorphic parallel mechanisms that have the facility to change mobility in the range of 3– 6. A further family of metamorphic parallel mechanisms is proposed with a central strut. Their topological configuration change is investigated by examining the constraint change stemming from the phase alteration of the reconfigurable Hooke rT joint.
Evaluation of Oral Immunization with Recombinant Avian Influenza Virus HA1 Displayed on the Lactococcus lactis Surface and Combined with the Mucosal Adjuvant Cholera Toxin Subunit B
Authors: Lei Han , Sheng Zhina , Ding Qian , Chen Jian , Wei Xiaohui , Lam Dominic Man-Kit , Xu Yuhong 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe development of safe and efficient avian influenza vaccines for human and animal uses is essential for preventing virulent outbreaks and pandemics worldwide. In this study, we constructed a recombinant (pgsA-HA1 gene fusion)Lactococcus lactisstrain that expresses and displays the avian influenza virus HA1 antigens on its surface. The vectors were administered by oral delivery with or without the addition of cholera toxin subunit B (CTB). The resulting immune responses were analyzed, and the mice were eventually challenged with lethal doses of H5N1 viruses. Significant titers of hemagglutinin (HA)-specific serum IgG and fecal IgA were detected in the group that also received CTB. Cellular immunities were also shown in both cell proliferation and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assays. Most importantly, the mice that received theL. lactispgsA-HA1 strain combined with CTB were completely protected from lethal challenge of the H5N1 virus. These findings support the further development ofL. lactis-based avian influenza virus vaccines for human and animal uses.
Comparative Immunogenicities of Full-Length Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 3 and a 24-Kilodalton N-Terminal Fragment
Authors: Imam Maryam , Devi Yengkhom Sangeeta , Verma Akhilesh K. , Chauhan Virander Singh 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTRecombinantPlasmodium falciparummerozoite surface protein 3 (PfMSP3F) and a 24-kDa fragment from its N terminus (MSP3N) that includes the essential conserved domain, which elicits the maximum antibody (Ab)-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI), were expressed as soluble proteins inEscherichia coli. Both proteins were found to be stable in both soluble and lyophilized forms. Immunization with MSP3F and MSP3N formulated separately with two human-compatible adjuvants, aluminum hydroxide (Alhydrogel) and Montanide ISA 720, produced significant antibody responses in mice and rabbits. Polyclonal Abs against both antigens recognized native MSP3 in the parasite lysate. These two Abs also recognized two synthetic peptides, previously characterized to possess B cell epitopes from the N-terminal region. Antibody depletion assay showed that most of the IgG response is directed toward the N-terminal region of the full protein. Anti-MSP3F and anti-MSP3N rabbit antibodies did not inhibit merozoite invasion or intraerythrocytic development but significantly reduced parasitemia in the presence of human monocytes. The ADCI demonstrated by anti-MSP3N antibodies was comparable to that exhibited by anti-MSP3F antibodies (both generated in rabbit). These results suggest that the N-terminal fragment of MSP3 can be considered a vaccine candidate that can form part of a multigenic vaccine against malaria.
KSAC, the First Defined Polyprotein Vaccine Candidate for Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Goto Yasuyuki , Bhatia Ajay , Raman Vanitha S. , Liang Hong , Mohamath Raodoh , Picone Alessandro F. , Vidal Silvia E. Z. , Vedvick Thomas S. , Howard Randall F. , Reed Steven G. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA subunit vaccine using a defined antigen(s) may be one effective solution for controlling leishmaniasis. Because of genetic diversity in target populations, including both dogs and humans, a multiple-antigen vaccine will likely be essential. However, the cost of a vaccine to be used in developing countries must be considered. We describe herein a multiantigen vaccine candidate comprised of antigens known to be protective in animal models, including dogs, and to be recognized by humans immune to visceral leishmaniasis. The polyprotein (KSAC) formulated with monophosphoryl lipid A, a widely used adjuvant in human vaccines, was found to be immunogenic and capable of inducing protection againstLeishmania infantum, responsible for human and canine visceral leishmaniasis, and againstL. major, responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis. The results demonstrate the feasibility of producing a practical, cost-effective leishmaniasis vaccine capable of protecting both humans and dogs against multipleLeishmaniaspecies.
Utility of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry following Introduction for Routine Laboratory Bacterial Identification
Authors: Neville Stephen A. , LeCordier Annabelle , Ziochos Helen , Chater Mathew J. , Gosbell Iain B. , Maley Michael W. , van Hal Sebastiaan J. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was evaluated prospectively in a diagnostic laboratory. Nine hundred twenty-seven organisms were tested in triplicate; 2,351/2,781 (85%) species and 2,681/2,781 (96%) genus identifications were correct. Known issues such as the misidentification of alpha-hemolytic streptococci as
Streptococcus pneumoniae
were easily corrected. Identifications cost AUD$0.45 per isolate and were available in minutes. MALDI-TOF MS is rapid, accurate, and inexpensive.
Travel-Related Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Caused by
emm
Type 78 Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Tappe Dennis , Schulze Marco H. , van der Linden Mark , Ziegler Uwe , Müller Andreas , Stich August 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is a serious health problem in developed and developing countries. We here report a case of severe protracted disease after a minor skin infection in a young traveler returning from West Malaysia which was caused by an unusual
emm
-type strain harboring
speG
and
smeZ
superantigen genes.
Neutralizing Anti-gH Antibody of Varicella-Zoster Virus Modulates Distribution of gH and Induces Gene Regulation, Mimicking Latency
Authors: Shiraki Kimiyasu , Daikoku Tohru , Takemoto Masaya , Yoshida Yoshihiro , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Akahori Yasushi , Okuno Toshiomi , Kurosawa Yoshikazu , Asano Yoshizo 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe anti-glycoprotein H (gH) monoclonal antibody (anti-gH-MAb) that neutralizes varicella-zoster virus (VZV) inhibited cell-to-cell infection, resulting in a single infected cell without apoptosis or necrosis, and the number of infectious cells in cultures treated with anti-gH-MAb declined to undetectable levels in 7 to 10 days. Anti-gH-MAb modulated the wide cytoplasmic distribution of gH colocalized with glycoprotein E (gE) to the cytoplasmic compartment with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi markers near the nucleus, while gE retained its cytoplasmic distribution. Thus, the disintegrated distribution of gH and gE caused the loss of cellular infectivity. After 4 weeks of treatment with anti-gH-MAb, no infectious virus was recovered, even after cultivation without anti-gH-MAb for another 8 weeks or various other treatments. Cells were infected with Oka varicella vaccine expressing hepatitis B surface antigen (ROka) and treated with anti-gH-MAb for 4 weeks, and ROka was recovered from the quiescently infected cells by superinfection with the parent Oka vaccine. Among the genes 21, 29, 62, 63, and 66, transcripts of gene 63 were the most frequently detected, and products from the genes 63 and 62, but not gE, were detected mainly in the cytoplasm of quiescently infected cells, in contrast to their nuclear localization in lytically infected cells. The patterns of transcripts and products from the quiescently infected cells were similar to those of latent VZV in human ganglia. Thus, anti-gH-MAb treatment resulted in the antigenic modulation and dormancy of infectivity of VZV. Antigenic modulation by anti-gH-MAb illuminates a new aspect in pathogenesis in VZV infection and the gene regulation of VZV during latency in human ganglia.
A Single Amino Acid in Nonstructural Protein NS4B Confers Virulence to Dengue Virus in AG129 Mice through Enhancement of Viral RNA Synthesis
Authors: Grant Dixon , Tan Grace K. , Qing Min , Ng Jowin K. W. , Yip Andy , Zou Gang , Xie Xuping , Yuan Zhiming , Schreiber Mark J. , Schul Wouter , Shi Pei-Yong , Alonso Sylvie 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Dengue (DEN) is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has become an increasing economic and health burden for the tropical and subtropical world. The lack of an appropriate animal model of DEN has greatly impeded the study of its pathogenesis and the development of vaccines/antivirals. We recently reported a DEN virus 2 (DENV-2) strain (D2Y98P) that lethally infects immunocompromised AG129 mice, resulting in organ damage or dysfunction and increased vascular permeability, hallmarks of severe DEN in patients (G. K. Tan et al., PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 4:e672, 2010). Here we report the identification of one critical virulence determinant of strain D2Y98P. By mutagenesis, we showed that a Phe-to-Leu alteration at amino acid position 52 in nonstructural protein NS4B completely abolished the pathogenicity of the D2Y98P virus, as evidenced by a lack of lethality and the absence of histological signs of disease, which correlated with reduced viral titers and intact vascular permeability. Conversely, a Leu-to-Phe alteration at position 52 of NS4B in nonvirulent DENV-2 strain TSV01 led to 80% lethality and increased viremia. The NS4B(Phe52) viruses displayed enhanced RNA synthesis in mammalian cells but not in mosquito cells. The increased viral RNA synthesis was independent of the ability of NS4B to interfere with the host type I interferon response. Overall, our results demonstrate that Phe at position 52 in NS4B confers virulence in mice on two independent DENV-2 strains through enhancement of viral RNA synthesis. In addition to providing further insights into the functional role of NS4B protein, our findings further support a direct relationship between viral loads and DEN pathogenesis
in vivo
, consistent with observations in DEN patients.