bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The transfer of organics onto glass studied by ToF‐SIMS
Authors: Sano Naoko , Abel Marie‐Laure , Watts John F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe transfer of organic materials from a polyolefin‐based film onto glass was studied using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS). Polyolefin films were brought in contact with glass and then removed either by peeling or twisting. The polyolefin films include minor additives, the transfer of which was followed by analysis of the glass side of the interface. In this study, we consider the effects of two different treatments in relation with the migration of the organic additives to the glass.ToF‐SIMS images are obtained over a large area using macrorastering. These images, and also spectra recorded in discrete areas, show the presence of organics from polyolefin films and, hence, transfer of minor organic components to the glass. Comparison of imaging data between the two different treatments confirms that not only do additives migrate to the surface but also segregate with clear patterns on the glass surface as a result of one particular treatment.Principle component analysis (PCA) was also carried out on all data and the results obtained show good agreement with the imaging results (ion‐selected images). ToF‐SIMS and PCA results show that samples produced with treatment 1 exhibit a more organic‐like surface on the glass side than samples obtained with treatment 2 which exhibit a more glass‐like surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SIMS depth profile analysis of particles collected in an urban environment
Authors: Konarski P. , Kaczorek K. , Balcerzak B. , Haluszka J. , Scibor M. , Iwanejko I. , Zawada A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAnalytical procedures of collection and sample preparation of micro‐ and nanoparticles from urban environment as well as results of analyses are presented. Particulate matter is collected from indoor and outdoor urban air by several methods using mechanical collectors: personal cascade impactor and quartz filters. The other method treats human organisms as collectors: the method is based on induced sputum. Elemental analysis of the collected material performed by spark‐source mass spectrometry (SSMS) on magnetic sector JEOL JMS‐1BM2 mass analyzer, gives concentration of over 20 elements with ppb sensitivity. SIMS depth profile analysis is performed on SAJW‐05 apparatus with quadrupole QMA‐410 analyzer and Physical Electronics ion gun. Indium substrate covered with particulate matter is scanned with 100 µm diameter 5 keV Ar+ ion beam. Particles collected by cascade impactor were deposited at indium substrates. Four aerodynamic diameter classes were analyzed, i.e. 10–2.5 µm, 2.5–1 µm, 1–0.5 µm and 0.5–0.25 µm. Depth profile analysis was performed up to 100 nm depth of eroded material. Results were obtained on sets of particles, and the measured secondary ion currents gave integral values of the analyzed material. Assuming average surface composition of the analyzed particles some hints on the compositional morphology of the type of ‘core‐shell’ are extracted. Obtained data on the bulk elemental composition and SIMS depth profile results show the dependence on the grain size. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fixed‐bed column study of the removal of anions and heavy metals from cotton textile waste water by using polyaniline and its nanocomposite containing nanometer‐size Fe3O4
Authors: Ghorbani Mohsen , Eisazadeh Hossein , Katal Reza 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPreparation of polyaniline (PAn) and its nanocomposite containing nanometer‐size Fe3O4 is discussed, and their capability of separating anions and heavy metals from cotton textile industry waste water is studied. The removal of anions and heavy metals from the waste water was investigated and compared when PAn, nanometer‐size Fe3O4, and PAn/Fe3O4 nanocomposite were used. The results indicated that PAn and its composite were able to remove the anions and heavy metals. The anion and heavy metal removal percentages were increased by using PAn and nanometer‐size Fe3O4. The morphology and chemical structure of the adsorbents were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Mutual but unequal: Mentoring as a hybrid of familiar relationship roles
Authors: Keller Thomas E. , Pryce Julia M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis chapter employs a conceptual framework based on the relationship constructs of power and permanence to distinguish the special hybrid nature of mentoring relationships relative to prototypical vertical and horizontal relationships common in the lives of mentor and mentee. The authors note that mentoring occurs in voluntary relationships among partners with unequal social experience and influence. Consequently, mentoring relationships contain expectations of unequal contributions and responsibilities (as in vertical relationships), but sustaining the relationships depends on mutual feelings of satisfaction and commitment (as in horizontal relationships). Keller and Pryce apply this framework to reveal the consistency of findings across several qualitative studies reporting particular interpersonal patterns in youth mentoring relationships. On a practical level, they suggest that the mentor needs to balance the fun, interest, and engagement that maintain the relationship with the experienced guidance, structure, and support that promote the growth and well‐being of the mentee.
Beyond the dichotomy of work and fun: Measuring the thorough interrelatedness of structure and quality in youth mentoring relationships
Authors: Nakkula Michael J. , Harris John T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMeasuring the various structural aspects of the organizing framework for this volume and relating them to match quality and relevant developmental outcomes is a critical step toward assessing the framework's utility for practitioners, policymakers, and program evaluators. Nakkula and Harris take a step in that direction by exploring core interrelationships between match structure, as defined in the framework, and mentor and mentee experiences of match quality. Central to their findings is the pivotal role of sharing—mentor and mentee discussions of concerns and everyday experiences—as a moderator of fun in the prediction of relationship quality as experienced by both the mentor and mentee, and as a moderator of more growth‐oriented emphases in the prediction of instrumental match quality. In short, sharing seems to provide the boost that helps make fun and instrumental orientations more holistically developmental. Training mentors and mentees to share more effectively in their matches may serve to enhance the overall experience of match quality for both partners.
Deconstructing serendipity: Focus, purpose, and authorship in lunch buddy mentoring
Authors: Cavell Timothy A. , Henrie Joye L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLunch buddy mentoring is a particular kind of school‐based mentoring program: college student mentors meet twice weekly during school lunch with mentees, and a new mentor is provided each semester. The program is designed to benefit elementary school children who are highly aggressive or chronically bullied. Novel to lunch buddy mentoring is a deemphasis on the strength and length of the relationship as mechanisms of change. It is thought that lunch buddy mentoring operates through provisions that are temporally proximal and context specific. Proposed are two key mechanisms: enhanced social reputation among lunchtime peers and positive interactions with lunchtime peers. Cavell and Henrie describe how lunch buddy mentoring fits within the conceptual framework of focus, purpose, and authorship.
The structure of effective academic mentoring in late adolescence
Authors: Larose Simon , Cyrenne Diane , Garceau Odette , Brodeur Pascale , Tarabulsy George M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis chapter reports findings from the evaluation of an academic mentoring program for late adolescents that highlight the role of exposition to structured activities and mentors' use of some behavioral strategies. Specifically, different types of interactions in mentoring (such as discussing personal projects, resolving academic problems, and participating in social activities) and different mentors' behaviors (such as emotional involvement, directivity, and reciprocity) were examined in relation to the quality of the mentoring relationship and mentees' adjustment at the end of the program. The findings generally support the initial assumption. Mentoring that focused more on activities produced significant and positive effects on mentee adjustment, whereas mentoring that focused almost exclusively on problem solving or mostly involved open discussion did not produce significant effects. Findings also indicate that mentors who expressed some directivity coupled with high emotional involvement and reciprocity were more likely to connect with their mentees and improve their academic adjustment.
Molecular correlates of epilepsy in early diagnosed and treated Menkes disease
Authors: Kaler Stephen G. , Liew Clarissa J. , Donsante Anthony , Hicks Julia D. , Sato Susumu , Greenfield Jacquelyn C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEpilepsy is a major feature of Menkes disease, an X‐linked recessive infantile neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in ATP7A, which produces a copper‐transporting ATPase. Three prior surveys indicated clinical seizures and electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities in a combined 27 of 29 (93%) symptomatic Menkes disease patients diagnosed at 2 months of age or older. To assess the influence of earlier, presymptomatic diagnosis and treatment on seizure semiology and brain electrical activity, we evaluated 71 EEGs in 24 Menkes disease patients who were diagnosed and treated with copper injections in early infancy (≤6 weeks of age), and whose ATP7A mutations we determined. Clinical seizures were observed in only 12.5% (3/24) of these patients, although 46% (11/24) had at least one abnormal EEG tracing, including 50% of patients with large deletions in ATP7A, 50% of those with small deletions, 60% of those with nonsense mutations, and 57% of those with canonical splice junction mutations. In contrast, five patients with mutations shown to retain partial function, either via some correct RNA splicing or residual copper transport capacity, had neither clinical seizures nor EEG abnormalities. Our findings suggest that early diagnosis and treatment improve brain electrical activity and decrease seizure occurrence in classical Menkes disease irrespective of the precise molecular defect. Subjects with ATP7A mutations that retain some function seem particularly well protected by early intervention against the possibility of epilepsy.
A neonatal‐onset succinyl‐CoA:3‐ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT)‐deficient patient with T435N and c.658‐666dupAACGTGATT p.N220_I222dup mutations in the OXCT1 gene
Authors: Fukao Toshiyuki , Ishii Tomohiro , Amano Naoko , Kursula Petri , Takayanagi Masaki , Murase Keiko , Sakaguchi Naomi , Kondo Naomi , Hasegawa Tomonobu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSuccinyl‐CoA:3‐ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency causes episodic ketoacidotic crises and no apparent symptoms between them. Here, we report a Japanese case of neonatal‐onset SCOT deficiency. The male patient presented a severe ketoacidotic crisis, with blood pH of 7.072 and bicarbonate of 5.8 mmol/L at the age of 2 days and was successfully treated with intravenous infusion of glucose and sodium bicarbonate. He was diagnosed as SCOT deficient by enzymatic assay and mutation analysis. At the age of 7 months, he developed a second ketoacidotic crisis, with blood pH of 7.059, bicarbonate of 5.4 mmol/L, and total ketone bodies of 29.1 mmol/L. He experienced two milder ketoacidotic crises at the ages of 1 year and 7 months and 3 years and 7 months. His urinary ketone bodies usually range from negative to 1+ but sometimes show 3+ (ketostix) without any symptoms. Hence, this patient does not show permanent ketonuria, which is characteristic of typical SCOT‐deficient patients. He is a compound heterozygote of c.1304C > A (T435N) and c.658‐666dupAACGTGATT p.N220_I222dup. mutations in the OXCT1 gene. The T435N mutation was previously reported as one which retained significant residual activity. The latter novel mutation was revealed to retain no residual activity by transient expression analysis. Both T435N and N220_I222 lie close to the SCOT dimerization interface and are not directly connected to the active site in the tertiary structure of a human SCOT dimer. In transient expression analysis, no apparent interallelic complementation or dominant negative effects were observed. Significant residual activity from the T435N mutant allele may prevent the patient from developing permanent ketonuria.
Antioxidant enzymes, presbycusis, and ethnic variability
Authors: Bared Anthony , Ouyang Xiaomei , Angeli Simon , Du Li Lin , Hoang Kimberly , Yan Denise , Liu Xue Zhong 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVEA proposed mechanism for presbycusis is a significant increase in oxidative stress in the cochlea. The enzymes glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) are two classes of antioxidant enzymes active in the cochlea. In this work, we sought to investigate the association of different polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, and NAT2 and presbycusis and analyze whether ethnicity has an effect in the genotype‐phenotype associations.STUDY DESIGNCase‐control study of 134 DNA samples.SETTINGUniversity‐based tertiary care center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSClinical, audiometric, and DNA testing of 55 adults with presbycusis and 79 control patients with normal hearing.RESULTSThe GSTM1 null genotype was present in 77 percent of white Hispanics and 51 percent of white non‐Hispanics (Fisher's exact test, 2‐tail, P = 0.0262). The GSTT1 null genotype was present in 34 percent of control patients and in 60 percent of white presbycusis subjects (P = 0.0067, odds ratio [OR] = 2.843, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.379–5.860). The GSTM1 null genotype was more frequent in presbycusis subjects, i.e., 48 percent of control patients and 69 percent of white subjects carried this deletion (P = 0.0198, OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.163–5.067). The NAT2∗6A mutant genotype was more frequent among subjects with presbycusis (60%) than in control patients (34%; P = 0.0086, OR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.355–6.141).CONCLUSIONWe showed an increased risk of presbycusis among white subjects carrying the GSTM1 and the GSTT1 null genotype and the NAT∗6A mutant allele. Subjects with the GSTT1 null genotypes are almost three times more likely to develop presbycusis than those with the wild type. The GSTM1 null genotype was more prevalent in white Hispanics than in white non‐Hispanics, but the GSTT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms were equally represented in the two groups.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Comparison between videofluoroscopy and endoscopic evaluation of swallowing for the diagnosis of dysphagia in children
Authors: Silva Andréa P. da , Neto José F. Lubianca , Santoro Patrícia Paula 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVETo compare videofluoroscopy swallowing study (VFSS) with the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in children and to determine the accuracy of FEES in the diagnosis of specific swallowing disorders.STUDY DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGHospital da Criança Santo Antônio, affiliated with Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital Complex, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.SUBJECTS AND METHODSFEES findings were compared to those of VFSS in 30 children. Kappa coefficients for interobserver agreement were calculated. Thereafter, these coefficients were evaluated in terms of agreement between FEES and VFSS. In addition, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FEES were calculated for four swallowing parameters (posterior spillover, pharyngeal residues, laryngeal penetration, and laryngotracheal aspiration).RESULTSInterobserver agreement rates greater than 70 percent were obtained for all FEES parameters analyzed, except for pharyngeal residues with puree consistency (agreement = 66.7%, κ = 0.296, P = 0.091). Laryngeal aspiration and penetration yielded the best level of agreement (100%, κ = 1) for the laryngeal aspiration of puree residues.CONCLUSIONThe diagnostic agreement between FEES (both observers) and VFSS was low. Regarding the analyzed parameters, laryngeal penetration and aspiration yielded the highest interobserver agreement in terms of FEES, and also showed the highest specificity and positive predictive value when compared to VFSS.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of optical rhinometry for nasal provocation testing in allergic and nonallergic subjects
Authors: Luong Amber , Cheung Esther J. , Citardi Martin J. , Batra Pete S. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVEOptical rhinometry is a new method that quantifies light extinction in optical density to assess nasal blood volume as a measure of nasal patency. The purpose of this study is to evaluate optical rhinometry as an objective evaluation of nasal patency using nasal provocation testing with histamine and oxymetazoline.STUDY DESIGNProspective pilot.SETTINGAcademic tertiary rhinologic practice.SUBJECTS AND METHODSConvenience sample of five adult subjects with allergic rhinitis and five adult normal subjects who underwent challenge with histamine and oxymetazoline. Patients underwent challenge with increasing concentrations of histamine to determine the amount of histamine needed to cause a positive optical rhinometry reading. The same subjects then underwent histamine challenge with this amount followed by oxymetazoline. Nasal patency was assessed subjectively after each challenge with the visual analog scale.RESULTSThe median histamine amount needed to cause a positive response was statistically lower in allergic rhinitis as compared with nonallergic subjects at 150 μg and 300 μg, respectively (P = 0.04). When comparing the optical rhinometry with subjective nasal congestion after histamine and oxymetazoline challenges, there was a statistically significant correlation with r = 0.79 (P = 0.00003).CONCLUSIONThis initial study demonstrates a correlation between subjective symptoms of nasal patency and objective measurements with the optical rhinometer. Less histamine amount necessary to incite nasal congestion in allergic rhinitis suggests that these patients may be primed to the effects of histamine. These preliminary data suggest that optical rhinometry is able to assess changes in nasal patency during challenges with histamine and oxymetazoline.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Treatment of Frey's syndrome with botulinum toxin type B
Authors: Cantarella Giovanna , Berlusconi Alessandra , Mele Vincenzo , Cogiamanian Filippo , Barbieri Sergio 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVEFrey's syndrome is a frequent sequela of parotidectomy, causing facial sweating and flushing because of gustatory stimuli. Although botulinum toxin type A has become first‐line therapy for Frey's syndrome, some patients become resistant. In this study, we investigated whether another serotype, botulinum toxin type B, might be an effective alternative.STUDY DESIGNCase series with planned data collection.SETTINGOtolaryngology department in a university hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSSeven patients aged 30 to 68 years, with severe Frey's syndrome, underwent the Minor test and had 80 U of botulinum toxin type B per cm2 (mean total dose, 2354 U) injected intracutaneously in the mapped area of gustatory sweating. All patients were followed up for 12 months.RESULTSOne month after treatment, six of the seven patients reported that gustatory sweating and flushing had resolved, and, in the remaining patient, these symptoms had decreased. The Minor test confirmed a significant improvement. The subjective benefits remained stable for six months in four patients and for nine months in the remaining three patients; 12 months after treatment, all patients still reported some improvement.CONCLUSIONBotulinum toxin type B afforded symptomatic relief in a small sample of patients with Frey's syndrome and might be considered a potential alternative to botulinum toxin type A.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Pseudarthroses of the cornu of the thyroid cartilage
Authors: Knopke Steffen , Todt Ingo , Ernst Arneborg , Seidl Rainer O. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVEInjuries to the cartilaginous larynx are rare disorders that usually undergo good spontaneous healing and rarely require surgery.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review from patients with pseudarthrosis of the cornu of the thyroid cartilage.SETTINGENT department of a level I trauma center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSWe examined the medical records of seven patients treated for impaired healing of the cornu of the thyroid cartilage at a level I trauma center between 1997 and 2009.RESULTSSeven patients were treated as a result of impaired healing of injuries to the cornu of the thyroid cartilage caused by trivial trauma (e.g., car accidents). The principal symptom was odynophagia. Computed tomography was used to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment involved resecting the cornu of the thyroid cartilage. Histology showed a hypertrophic pseudarthrosis at the base of the cornu. All patients were free of symptoms 10 days after resection.CONCLUSIONPseudarthrosis of the cornu of the thyroid cartilage is a previously undescribed condition. Pseudarthrosis of the laryngeal skeleton should be excluded in patients with odynophagia.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Preoperative planning for ear surgery using store‐and‐forward telemedicine
Authors: Kokesh John , Ferguson A. Stewart , Patricoski Chris 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVETo determine if store‐and‐forward telemedicine can be used to accurately plan ear surgery.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGTertiary care hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSCharts were reviewed for elective major ear surgeries resulting from telemedicine referrals during a 13‐month period. The store‐and‐forward telemedicine referrals (electronic consultations) included clinical history, digital images, and audiology data. Consultants reviewed each telemedicine case and documented the recommended surgery and estimated operative time. These charts were matched with patients seen in person during a standard evaluation and had identical surgeries recommended. For the telemedicine evaluation and in‐person evaluation groups, the recommended surgeries were compared with actual surgeries performed and the estimated time was compared with the actual operative time.RESULTSForty‐five ear surgeries were recommended by the telemedicine evaluation and were matched with 45 surgeries from the standard evaluation and included tympanoplasty with or without canalplasty, mastoidectomy, stapes surgery, and myringoplasty. Telemedicine and in‐person evaluation accurately predicted the surgery 89 percent and 84 percent of the time, respectively. The average difference of “actual time” and “estimated time” for the actual surgical procedures performed was not statistically different between the two groups: 32 minutes for the telemedicine evaluation group and 35 minutes for the in‐person evaluation group.CONCLUSIONStore‐and‐forward telemedicine is as effective as in‐person evaluation for planning elective major ear surgery.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.