bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased Expression of HLA‐DR Antigens on Peripheral Blood B Lymphocytes during Glucocorticoid Treatment
Authors: Madsen Melvin , Kissmeyer‐Nielsen Flemming , Rasmussen Peter , Andersen Paul 
Published: July 2010

In 18 patients the expression of HLA‐A, B, C and ‐DR antigens on peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes (PBTL and PBBL) was assessed using the lymphocytotoxic microtechnique before and during glucocorticoid administration. During steroid treatment we found a significant reduction in the reactivity of PBBL to allogeneic specific anti HLA‐DR antisera as well as a xenogeneic multispecific anti HLA‐DR antiserum, corresponding to approx. 1–2 dilution steps. In contrast, the reactivity of both PBBL and PBTL to allogeneic anti HLA‐A, B, C antisera and anti β2‐microglobulin was unaffected during the treatment.Membrane marker studies of the isolated PBBL and PBTL showed no differences in the relative distribution of mononuclear cell subpopulations before and during treatment, which seems to exclude extravascular redistribution of particular HLA‐DR positive lymphocyte or monocyte subsets during steroid administration as an explanation for the finding.Incubation of isolated normal PBBL with dexamethasone under various conditions did not affect the reactivity of these cells to anti HLA‐DR antisera. Furthermore, preliminary experiments gave no indication of decreased rate of HLA‐DR antigen synthesis in the presence of dexamethasone in vitro.Thus, we conclude that glucocorticoid administration in vivo decreases the expression of HLA‐DR antigens on PBBL, possibly in an indirect way, the mechanism of which is still unknown.
HLA‐D “BG” in Israel
Authors: Oksenberg J. , Amar A. , Cohen N. , Grosse‐Wilde H. , Cohen I. , Sharon R. , Nelken D. , Brautbar C. 
Published: July 2010

An homozygous typing cell for a local HLA‐D determinant “BG”, defined by family study, is described.HLA‐D “BG” recognizes a specificity identical to the Japanese HLA‐DHO (Dw12). Two families and 102 randomly selected healthy Israeli individuals were typed for the HLA‐D “BG” determinant. HLA‐D “BG” showed segregation as a single determinant within families. The gene frequency for this allele was 0.045, compared to the frequency of 0.148 for DHO in Japanese. In the Israeli population “BG” is in strong association with HLA‐Bw52 (joint occurrence = 7.80%) and DR2 (joint occurrence = 8.80%), resembling the data reported for DHO (Dw12) in Japan. The frequency of this allele may partially account for the low frequency of HLA‐Dw2 in the Israeli population.
Specificity of anti‐HLA‐B27 cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Authors: BREUNING MARTIJN H , BREUR BIRGITTA S , ENGELSMA MARIAN Y , HUIS BERT , IVÁNYI PAVOL 
Published: July 2010

Sub‐types of HLA‐B27 were detected by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated between HLA‐A, ‐B‐ and ‐C‐identical B27‐positive individuals. We now report the specificity of six independent CTL's generated by mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) of HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C serologically identical B27‐positive responder and stimulator cells. Three CTL's recognize one sub‐type, and three the other. The combined reactivity of all CTL's allows unequivocal “typing” of B27‐positive cells for the two different sub‐types B27K and B27W. The specificity of two CTL's was analysed by cold‐target inhibition. The results indicate that (1) no further sub‐types of HLA‐B27 can be detected by the CTL's raised in these combinations; (2) the majority of the CTL's is directed against the B27 antigens; and (3) “extra reactions” on B27‐negative cells are caused by a subset(s) of CTL's recognizing unknown antigens shared between stimulator and target cells.CTL's raised by stimulation of HLA‐B27‐negative responder cells with B27‐positive cells of either sub‐type lysed all B27‐positive target cells indiscriminately. In cold‐target inhibition, however, B27‐positive cells, carrying the sub‐type of B27 different from that of the stimulator, could not inhibit the lysis of cells bearing the stimulator sub‐type of B27. This indicates the activation, in B27‐negative responders, of at least two different groups of CTL clones, one directed against shared determinants of HLA‐B27, and one against the HLA‐B27 sub‐type. Heterogeneity of the HLA‐B27 antigen may have implications for studies on the well‐known association between this antigen and various diseases.
HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐DR antigens in North African patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Herait P. , Tursz T. , Guillard M. Y. , Hanna K. , Lipinski M. , Micheau C. , Sancho‐Garnier H. , Schwaab G. , Cachin Y. , Degos L. , De The G. 
Published: July 2010

Seventy‐six North African patients (most from Algeria) affected with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have been studied for their HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DR phenotypes and compared with a control North African population.Antigens HLA‐A3, HLA‐B5 and HLA‐Bw15 were found more frequently in the NPC group than in the control group (30.3% vs 17.6%, 38.2% vs 24.4% and 9.2% vs 0.8%, respectively). HLA‐Aw33, HLA‐B14 and HLA‐DR4 were less frequent in the patients than in the controls (3.9% vs 16.8%, 1.3% vs 16% and 13.2% vs 29.1%, respectively). After correction for the number of specificities tested, these differences were not statistically significant. They were, however, more striking when compared to normal Kabyles (Algerian Berbers), a major ethnical population in Algeria, with lower incidences of the HLA‐B5 antigen and of the HLA‐Aw33‐B14 haplotype. This could suggest, in North Africa, either the existence of MHC‐linked genes of resistance or susceptibility to NPC, in Berbers especially, or a preferential occurrence of NPC in non‐Berbers.Antibody titers against the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) associated early antigen (EA) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) have been measured. No correlation was observed between HLA phenotypes and the anti‐EBV serological response of the patients.
Autoantibodies, immune complexes and HLA‐D in thyrogastric autoimmunity
Authors: Feldt‐Rasmussen U. , Bech K. , Bliddal H. , Høier‐Madsen M. , Jørgensen F. , Kappelgaard E. , Nielsen H. , Nielsen J. Lanng , Ryder L. P. , Thomsen M. 
Published: July 2010

Forty‐one patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and 82 with Pernicious anaemia (PA) were investigated. All 123 patients were HLA‐D typed and results correlated to thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), microsomal antibodies (MAb), parietal cell antibodies (PCA), circulating immune complexes (IC), and intrinsic factor antibodies (IFA).In PA, TgAb was found less frequently in Dw2 positive patients than in Dw2 negative patients. IFA was rarely found in Dw5 positive PA patients. In HT, patients positive for Dw5 had lower levels of TgAb. IC were present in 67% of patients with HT, but only in 2.5% of patients with PA (p < 0.01). Dw5 was associated with low levels of IC in HT.In conclusion, HT and PA seem to be related by their association with HLA‐D types, but a heterogeneity in the pattern of antibodies and IC could be seen. The organ specific antibodies characteristic for each disease were present in lower levels in patients with Dw5.
HLA typing of Epstein‐Barr virus transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL)
Authors: Stinchcombe Victoria , Jones Trevor , Benjamin A. 
Published: July 2010

The application of standard tissue typing techniques to cells other than peripheral blood lymphocytes has been accompanied by the problem of extra reactions. This applies as well to Epstein‐Barr virus transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) as to leukemic cells and human spleen cells. These extra reactions are attributable to additional antibodies in the typing sera which are not apparent under standard conditions with PBLs. Two types are described: Type 1 extras, which become apparent after longer incubation times and are attributed to weak antibodies and type 2 extras which are apparent after shorter incubation times and are attributed to sub‐population specific or differentiation antigens. Technical modifications are proposed by which these extras can be circumvented. They include:

Only start typing when cells have been cultured for 2 to 3 days.
Remove dead cells by spinning over standard ficoll‐hypaque or 11% triosil.
Use shorter incubation times.
Avoid using sera that give too many type 2 extras.

In this way phenotypes can be accurately identified on LCL's obtained from kidney transplant donors and recipients. When LCL's were compared with their matching PBL, HLA phenotypes were concordant in 87% of cases for HLA‐A, 90% for HLA‐B, 81% for HLA‐C and 70% for HLA‐DR.
Recognition of DP determinants with typing reagents prepared with lymphocytes from Dutch unrelated individuals
Authors: Termijtelen Annemarie , Berge Simin NAIPAL‐VAN DEN , Suwandi‐THUNG Lanny , VAN Rood Jon J. 
Published: July 2010

In an attempt to make our own set of DP typing reagents, we used lymphocytes from 12 unrelated donors, who were all HLA‐A1,2; B7,8; DR2,3; DQW1,2. They all had been previously typed for DP using a reference set of well established reagents obtained from Dr. S. Shaw (NIH, Bethesda). Thirty‐six promising re‐sponder‐stimulator combinations were primed in bulk MLC and tested for their specificity in secondary MLC. All reagents gave reaction patterns which were concordant with the sensitizing DP types, with the exception of those combinations where a donor was used in which DR2 appeared to be associated with a non‐DW2 HLA‐D type.Over 1,200 reactions obtained with the new reagents were compared with those obtained with the established ones, in six different experiments. High correlation coefficients (r values) were found between the two kinds of reagents. The typings of a panel of individuals with the reference set and with our new typing set revealed an excellent agreement for DP assignments with the two sets, with the exception of the specificity DP4. The DP gene frequencies for random Dutch Cau‐casoids were defined.
The influence of HLA‐A,B and ‐DR matching on leucocyte infiltration in renal allografts
Authors: McWhinnie D. L. , Fuggle S. V. , Thompson J. F. , Wood R. F. M. , Morris P. J. 
Published: July 2010

The influence of donor and recipient HLA‐A,B and ‐DR matching on the cellular infiltration in renal allografts was examined in 78 transplant recipients who received either cyclosporin (Cy) or azathioprine and low‐dose prednisolone (AP) immuno‐suppression. Transplant biopsies (n = 161) were routinely obtained up to 40 days after transplantation, and biopsy material was therefore available from both rejecting grafts and grafts with stable function. Tissue sections were labelled with a panel of monoclonal antibodies and stained using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Cellular infiltration was assessed using a morphometric point counting technique.In AP‐treated patients with well‐functioning grafts, poor HLA‐AB and HLA‐DR matching was associated with increased leucocyte infiltration, while in patients receiving Cy therapy the effect of matching on cellular infiltration was seen only during rejection in grafts poorly matched for HLA‐AB antigens. In addition, where an effect of HLA‐AB matching on cellular infiltration was found, CD8+, but not CD4+ cells, were significantly increased in number, while when an HLA‐DR matching effect was seen, a significant increase was observed in the CD4+ and not the CD8+ infiltration. Thus, HLA matching may influence the magnitude of the cellular response in renal allografts and the phenotype of the infiltrating cells.
Failure of TGF β1 and IL‐12 to regulate human FasL and mTNF alloreactive cytotoxic T‐cell pathways
Authors: Asselin‐Paturel C. , Pardoux C. , Gay F. , Chouaib S. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract: The effect of TGFβ1 and IL‐12 on calcium‐independent cytotoxic pathways was investigated. We have previously demonstrated that the regulatory effect of TGFβ1 and IL‐12 on human alloreative CTL activity was associated with regulation of perform and granzyme B gene expression. To determine the effect of both cytokines on the alternative cytotoxic pathway involving FasL and mTNF, we first investigated the expression of both molecules on human primary alloactivated T cells. Our results show that human allostimulated T lymphocytes express FasL. Cell lysis experiments demonstrate that the FasL cytotoxic pathway is involved in the killing of specific target cells mediated by human alloreactive CTL. In addition, allogeneic stimulation induced significant mTNF expression on both CD4+ and CD8+ responder T cells. Using TNF‐sensitive target cells, we also demonstrate that the mTNF‐mediated cytotoxic pathway is involved in the cytotoxic activity of human primary allostimulated T lymphocytes. Neither TGFβ1 nor IL‐12 had an effect on FasL or mTNF expression. Furthermore, addition of TGFβ1 or IL‐12 at the initiation of the MLR had no significant effect on Fas‐ and mTNF‐mediated cytotoxicity.Taken together, our results provide a novel insight into the differences between regulation by cytokines of perforin‐dependent and ‐independent cytotoxic mechanisms. Unlike their role in the perforin/granzyme B pathway, TGFβ1 and IL‐12 do not appear to mediate any regulatory effect on FasL and mTNF cytotoxic pathways used by human alloreactive primary CTL.
Thirty‐two novel HLA‐A alleles identified during intermediate resolution testing
Authors: Lazaro A. M. , Xiao Y. , Cao K. , Masaberg C. , Nichol L. , Ng J. , Hurley C. K. , Posch P. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThirty‐two novel human leukocyte antigen‐A alleles are described: four A*01 (*0110, *0112, *0113 and *0117), four A*02 (*0263, *0280, *0292 and *9201), two A*03 (*0316 and *0325), four A*11 (*111502, *1117, *1122 and *1123), five A*24 (*2441, *2450, *2455, *2456 and *2457), one A*26 (*2627), two A*29 (*2909 and *2914), two A*30 (*3013 and *3016), one A*32 (A*3213), two A*34 (*3407 and *3408) and five A*68 (*6828, *6829, *6830, *6831 and *6834). Seventeen of the variants are single‐nucleotide substitutions from their most homologous allele, which results in amino acid changes (A*0117, *0263, *0292, *0316, *0325, *1122, *1123, *2455, *2456, *2457, *2627, *2909, *3016, *3407, *6828, *6831 and *6834), and only one is silent substitution (A*111502). The remaining alleles differ from their most similar alleles by two to six nucleotide substitutions.
Monitoring of indirect allorecognition: wishful thinking or solid data?
Authors: Waanders M. M. , Heidt S. , Koekkoek K. M. , Zoet Y. M. , Doxiadis I. I. N. , Amir A. , Heemskerk M. H. M. , Mulder A. , Brand A. , Roelen D. L. , Claas F. H. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMonitoring of T cells involved in the alloimmune response after transplantation requires the availability of reliable in vitro assays for the detection of T cells with both direct and indirect allospecificity. While generally accepted assays exist to measure helper and cytotoxic T cells involved in direct allorecognition, consensus about an assay for monitoring indirect T‐cell allorecognition in clinical transplantation is lacking. Many studies claim a relationship between the reactivity of T cells with indirect allospecificity and graft rejection, but different protocols are used and essential controls are often lacking. In this review, the disadvantages and pitfalls of the current approaches are discussed, in some cases supported by the results of our own in vitro experiments. We conclude that an international workshop is necessary to establish and validate a uniform, robust and reliable assay for the monitoring of transplant recipients and to study the actual role of indirect allorecognition in acute and chronic rejection.
HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1 and ‐DQB1 alleles and haplotypes in the Kinh population in Vietnam
Authors: Hoa B. K. , Hang N. T. L. , Kashiwase K. , Ohashi J. , Lien L. T. , Horie T. , Shojima J. , Hijikata M. , Sakurada S. , Satake M. , Tokunaga K. , Sasazuki T. , Keicho N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAllele and haplotype frequencies of the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) were studied in the Kinh Vietnamese population. We analyzed 170 unrelated healthy individuals. DNA‐based HLA typing was performed using a microsphere‐based array genotyping platform with sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probes to distinguish HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1 and ‐DQB1 alleles. A total of 21 HLA‐A, 37 HLA‐B, 18 HLA‐C, 25 HLA‐DRB1, and 14 HLA‐DQB1 alleles were identified. HLA‐A*1101, A*2402, A*3303, B*1502, B*4601, Cw*0102, Cw*0702, Cw*0801, DRB1*1202, DQB1*0301, DQB1*0303, and DQB1*0501 were found with frequencies higher than 10%. Two representative haplotypes bearing two to five HLA loci were A*1101‐B*1502 and A*3303‐B*5801 for HLA‐A‐B; Cw*0801‐B*1502 and Cw*0102‐B*4601 for HLA‐C‐B; B*1502‐DRB1*1202 and B*4601‐DRB1*0901 for HLA‐B‐DRB1; DRB1*1202‐DQB1*0301 and DRB1*0901‐DQB1*0303 for HLA‐DRB1‐DQB1; A*1101‐Cw*0801‐B*1502 and A*3303‐Cw*0302‐B*5801 for HLA‐A‐C‐B; A*1101‐B*1502‐DRB1*1202 and A*2901‐B*0705‐DRB1*1001 for HLA‐A‐B‐DRB1, A*1101‐Cw*0801‐B*1502‐DRB1*1202‐DQB1*0301 and A*2901‐Cw*1505‐B*0705‐DRB1*1001‐DQB1*0501 for HLA‐A‐C‐B‐DRB1‐DQB1. Allele distribution and haplotype analysis demonstrated that the Vietnamese population shares HLA patterns with southern Chinese, Thai, Javanese and Micronesians, while it also retains unique characteristics.
Highly efficient virus resistance mediated by artificial microRNAs that target the suppressor of PVX and PVY in plants
Authors: Ai T. , Zhang L. , Gao Z. , Zhu C. X. , Guo X. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) processed from nuclear‐encoded transcripts control expression of target transcripts by directing cleavage or translational inhibition. Artificial miRNAs (amiRNAs) that exploit this endogenous gene silencing mechanism can be designed to target any gene of interest and provide a highly specific approach for effective post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in plants. Here, using Arabidopsis thaliana miR159a, miR167b and miR171a precursors as backbones, we designed two types of amiRNA targeting sequence that encode the silencing suppressor HC‐Pro of Potato virus Y (PVY) and the TGBp1/p25 (p25) of Potato virus X (PVX). The detected amiRNAs efficiently inhibited HC‐Pro and p25 gene expression and conferred highly specific resistance against PVY or PVX infection in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum; this resistance was also maintained under conditions of increased viral pressure. Moreover, resistance was strongly influenced by the complementarity between the target sequence and amiRNA, and was well correlated to amiRNA expression level; the expression level of amiRNAs was also well related to the precursor backbones. We further showed that transgenic N. tabacum developed highly effective resistance to both PVY and PVX through expression of a dimeric amiRNA precursor. Together, our findings indicate that transgenic plants with multiple virus‐specific resistance can be obtained through co‐expression of several amiRNAs targeting multiple viruses.
Experimentelle Grundlagen zur mikrobiologischen Griseofulvinbestimmung in Serum
Authors: DITTMAR W 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungDie untere Nachweisgrenze für Griseofulvin (G) liegt bei Anwendung von mikrobiologischen Verfahren und maximal G–empfindlichen Testkeimen im Bereich von etwa 0,0125 bis 0,02 mcg G je ml Nährmedium. Bei Zusatz von 20 % des zu untersuchenden Serums zum Versuchsansatz können so noch etwa 0,06 bis 0,1 mcg G je ml eines unverdünnten Versuchsserums erfaßt werden. Solche Werte ließen sich z. B. mit einem Stamm von M. audouinii erhalten, der höher G–empfindlich ist als M. gypseum 4658 (s. Mitt. I). Als Alternativverfahren zu demjenigen auf festem Medium wird ein solches mit flüssigem Medium ausführlich be–schrieben, das aber eine größere Fehlerbreite aufweist. Hierbei wird die Masse des gewachsenen Myzels durch Trockengewichtsbestimmung ermittelt. Bei Anwendung einer geeigneten Rührvorrichtung für das Medium kann ferner eine angenähert exponentielle Wachstumsphase erhalten werden, während welcher sich das Myzelwachstum photometrisch (turbidimetrisch) messen läBt. Die ED 50 %–Werte für G gegenüber Dermatophyten, die sich aus den erhaltenen Dosis–Wirkungs–Kurven ergeben, sind deutlich weniger von variablen Versuchsum–ständen abhängig als die der totalhemmenden Konzentrationen. Als Beispiel für spezielle Untersuchungen, die sich mit den Myzelwachstumstesten durchführen lassen, wird das Ergebnis einer differenzierten Eiweißfehleruntersuchung für G gezeigt.SummaryWhen using microbiologic methods and agents of maximum sensitivity against griseofulvin (G) the bottom limit of determination ranges from 0,0125 to 0,02 mcg G per ml medium. After adding 20 % of the serum to be examined to the medium 0,06 to 0,1 mcg G per ml of undiluted serum can be determined. Such values could be obtained, for instance, with a strain of M. audouinii, which is more sensitive to G than M. gypseum (see part I of this paper). In contrast to the solid medium a test method in a liquid one is described, which, however, shows a larger deviation of values. In this procedure the amount of the grown mycelium is measured by determining the dry weight. By using an appropriate stirring device for the medium an approximately exponential section of the growth curve can be obtained, in which period growth of the mycelium can be measured turbidimetrically. The ED 50 % values of G against dermatophytes, which are obtained from the dosis–response–curves, depend in a remarkably lower degree on variable test conditions than do the concentrations of total inhibition. As an example for special studies to be conducted with the mycelium growth test the result of a differentiated protein factor assay for G is given.
Die Riesenkolonie von fakultativ‐pathogenen Sproßpilzen*
Authors: Gemeinhardt H. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der Sproßpilzdiagnostik wurde über 7 Jahre die Riesenkolonie auf Malz‐extrakt‐Agar im Erlenmeyerkolben (200–300 ml) als abschließendes morphologisches Merkmal eingesetzt. 794 Stämme verschiedener fakultativ‐pathogener Arten, die von Haut, Schleimhäuten und Organen des Menschen frisch isoliert worden waren, wurden einer näheren Beobachtung unterzogen. Die Formbildungsfähigkeit der einzelnen Arten war wesentlich auf die Bildung von echtem Mycel und Pseudomycel zurückzuführen. Bei 5 ausgewählten Kulturtypen von Candida albicans und Candida parapsilosis blieb mit einer Ausnahme der Kolonieaspekt über 7 Passagen bei Übertragung durch Punktimpfung erhalten. Auf die Vorteile, die Anwendung und Kenntnis der Riesenkolonie von fakultativ‐pathogenen Sproßpilzen im medizinisch‐mykologischen Laboratorium bringen, wird hingewiesen.
Subcutaneous Mucormycosis: Mucormykose der Subkutis
Authors: Szepes Éva , Gróf Pál 
Published: July 2010

Summary: The skin disease of the 27 year old man took its origin 1 and a half years before his admittance. Previously, as a manual worker he had carried sacks on his shoulder. Later he noticed a little node to rise on this area. Incision made on spot resulted in enlargement of the diseased area. Examination by cultural and histological methods proved the mycotic origin of the skin process. The causal agent was a Rhizopus sp. After treatment with Amphotericin B and plastical surgery the patient recovered.Zusammenfassung: Die Hautkrankheit des 27 jährigen Mannes entstand anderthalb Jahre vor seiner Aufnahme. Früher hatte er als Handarbeiter Säcke auf den Schultern getragen. Später bemerkte er, daß sich ein kleiner Knoten auf diesem Gebiet entwickelte. Eine durchgeführte Incision führte zu einer Vergrößerung des Knotens. Mit mykologischen Kutur‐ und histologischen Methoden durchgeführte Untersuchungen bewiesen den mykotischen Ursprung des Hautprozesses. Der Erreger war eine Rhizopus species. Nach Behandlung mit Amphotericin B und plastischer Chirurgie wurde der Patient geheilt entlassen.