bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How effective is high‐support community‐based step‐down housing for women in secure mental health care? A quasi‐experimental pilot study
Authors: BARR W. , BROWN A. , QUINN B. , McFARLANE J. , McCABE R. , WHITTINGTON R. 
Published: March 2012

Accessible summary
In the past decade UK government policy has been to develop alternative care for women detained in secure psychiatric hospital.
This study evaluated the relative benefits of supportive accommodation, comparing female patients in community step‐down housing and a control group in secure hospital who were on the waiting list for a place in the houses.
The study provides evidence in favour of the further development of high‐support step‐down community housing for women in secure psychiatric care. This may provide greater personal freedom and enhanced relational security for the women concerned while also facilitating improvements in their psychological well‐being, with no increased risk to the women themselves or to the wider community.
We conclude that community reintegration rates could be improved further by the expanded development of step‐down community services for women in forensic psychiatric care.
AbstractIn the past decade UK government policy has been to develop alternative care for women detained in secure psychiatric hospital. This study evaluated the relative benefits of community‐based step‐down housing. Comparisons were made between female patients in community step‐down housing and a control group in secure hospital who were on the waiting list for the houses. For each woman in the sample, a range of assessments was conducted on three separate occasions over a 12‐month period. We noted a gradual improvement over time in women in both settings. However, by the final assessment psychological well‐being and security needs were significantly better in the community group (P < 0.05). Although risks for violence and social functioning were also somewhat better in this group throughout the study, no statistically significant differences between the groups were found in these areas at any assessment time. This study has generated evidence in support of the further development of high‐support step‐down community housing for women in secure psychiatric care. This initiative may provide greater personal freedom and enhanced relational security for the women concerned while also facilitating improvements in their psychological well‐being, with no increased risk to the women themselves or to the wider community.
A rationale for a clinical supervision database for mental health nursing in the UK
Authors: SLOAN G. , GRANT A. 
Published: March 2012

Accessible summary
Clinical supervision (CS) is a valuable resource for mental health nurses. Through guided reflection and supportive facilitation, the recipient of CS works towards developing their therapeutic practice.
In many parts of the UK, the implementation of CS does not equate to best practice. This provision undermines and thwarts the potential gains that effective CS can produce.
The development of a database of clinical supervisors may ensure that best practice guidelines are implemented.
Information about a database that focuses on clinical supervisors of psychological therapies, including its rational, clarifying the intention of CS, and criteria of supervisors, are described.
AbstractClinical supervision (CS) is regarded as a valuable resource for mental health nursing. While there is considerable anecdotal reports of its implementation throughout the UK, these attempts are not without difficulty. A common tension reported in the literature relates to its provision being more akin to managerial supervision within a line‐management hierarchy which jars with its original intention and spirit. This paper will provide a discussion on the implementation of CS in mental health nursing in the UK, beginning with its suggested importance for the discipline. Following on from this, the rationale for a CS database and description of one NHS Board's attempts at developing a resource, initially focusing on clinical supervisors of psychological therapies, will be presented.
Escherichia coli low‐molecular‐weight penicillin‐binding proteins help orient septal FtsZ, and their absence leads to asymmetric cell division and branching
Authors: Potluri Lakshmi‐Prasad , de Pedro Miguel A. , Young Kevin D. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryEscherichia coli cells lacking low‐molecular‐weight penicillin‐binding proteins (LMW PBPs) exhibit morphological alterations that also appear when the septal protein FtsZ is mislocalized, suggesting that peptidoglycan modification and division may work together to produce cell shape. We found that in strains lacking PBP5 and other LMW PBPs, higher FtsZ concentrations increased the frequency of branched cells and incorrectly oriented Z rings by 10‐ to 15‐fold. Invagination of these rings produced improperly oriented septa, which in turn gave rise to asymmetric cell poles that eventually elongated into branches. Branches always originated from the remnants of abnormal septation events, cementing the relationship between aberrant cell division and branch formation. In the absence of PBP5, PBP6 and DacD localized to nascent septa, suggesting that these PBPs can partially substitute for the loss of PBP5. We propose that branching begins when mislocalized FtsZ triggers the insertion of inert peptidoglycan at unusual positions during cell division. Only later, after normal cell wall elongation separates the patches, do branches become visible. Thus, a relationship between the LMW PBPs and cytoplasmic FtsZ ultimately affects cell division and overall shape.
Low castes have poor access to visceral leishmaniasis treatment in Bihar, India
Authors: Pascual Martínez F. , Picado A. , Roddy P. , Palma P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives  Bihar, the poorest state in India, concentrates most of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases in the country. A large proportion of the poor rural communities where VL is endemic are marginalized by their socio‐economic status, intrinsically related to the caste system. In this study, we evaluated whether people from low socio‐economic strata had difficulties accessing VL treatment in Bihar. As a secondary outcome, we evaluated whether people delaying their VL treatment had poorer clinical indicators at admission.Methods  Data on 2187 patients with VL treated by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in Vaishali district from July 2007 to December 2008 were analysed. Patients who reported having onset of symptoms ≥8 weeks before admission were defined as ‘late presenters’. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate whether low castes had higher risk to be ‘late presenters’ compared to the rest of castes and whether ‘late presenters’ had poorer indicators at admission (i.e. haemoglobin level, spleen size).Results  After adjusting for age, gender and distance to VL treatment facility, Mushars (the lowest caste in Bihar) had twice the odds to be ‘late presenters’ compared to the rest of castes (OR 2.05, 95% CI: 1.24–2.38). Subjects that had VL symptoms for ≥8 weeks had a larger spleen and lower haemoglobin level than those that were treated earlier.Conclusion  Low castes have poor access to VL treatment in Bihar, and late presenters have poorer clinical indicators at admission. These findings have implications at individual and community levels and should stimulate targeted VL control programmes to ensure that marginalized communities in Bihar are properly treated.
Cytomegalovirus disease and infection in lung transplant recipients in the setting of planned indefinite valganciclovir prophylaxis
Authors: Wiita A.P. , Roubinian N. , Khan Y. , Chin‐Hong P.V. , Singer J.P. , Golden J.A. , Miller S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal method of both predicting and preventing cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in lung transplant recipients remains unclear. In particular, the most appropriate duration of CMV prophylaxis post transplant is unresolved. We report herein our experience with a planned indefinite regimen of valganciclovir prophylaxis and monitoring of quantitative CMV load in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.MethodsWe performed a single‐center observational study with both prospective and retrospective components. The included patients (n = 128) received a planned regimen of indefinite valganciclovir prophylaxis post transplant, regardless of donor (D)/recipient (R) CMV serostatus. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of CMV in BAL was prospectively performed over a 1‐year period. Clinical data were reviewed retrospectively; median follow‐up was 24.8 months (range 1–93 months).ResultsSixty‐five patients (50.6%) discontinued valganciclovir prophylaxis, either temporarily or permanently, with a primary cause of mild leukopenia. Six cases of CMV disease were identified (4.7%), with no significant difference between those who were on continuous prophylaxis or not (4.6% vs. 4.9%; P = non‐significant [ns]). However, those who discontinued prophylaxis showed an increased incidence of laboratory‐detected CMV infection (40.7% vs. 12.7%; P = 0.001). High‐risk D+/R− patients did not demonstrate a significantly increased incidence of CMV disease (8.1% vs. 3.3% other serotypes; P = ns). Three patients (2.3%) developed valganciclovir‐resistant CMV disease. Molecular detection of CMV in BAL fluid was significantly more sensitive than shell vial culture. However, BAL CMV viral load was not predictive of subsequent disease development.ConclusionsExtended valganciclovir prophylaxis for all lung transplant recipients led to a low incidence of CMV disease and resistance. In such low‐incidence populations, routine quantitation of CMV in BAL did not confer significant clinical benefit over non‐quantitative methods in prediction of CMV disease onset.
Post‐operative pain treatment in Denmark from 2000 to 2009: a nationwide sequential survey on organizational aspects
Authors: NIELSEN P. R. , CHRISTENSEN P. A. , MEYHOFF C. S. , WERNER M. U. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundIn Denmark, the first acute pain service (APS) was introduced in 1993. An important objective became to facilitate implementation of accelerated post‐operative rehabilitation programmes (ACC) in selected procedures in abdominal, gynaecological and orthopaedic surgery. Therefore, it is of considerable interest to study the association between the developments of post‐operative pain management and the ACC by sequential analyses from 2000 to 2009.MethodsIn 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2009, a questionnaire was mailed to all Danish anaesthesiology departments. The headings of the questionnaire were demographics of responder departments, resources allocated to pain management methods, quality assessment methods, research activities and implementation of ACC.ResultsThe responder rates varied between 80% and 94% (mean 88%) representing a mean number of anaesthetics of 340.000 per year. The number of APSs in the study period varied in university hospitals between 52% and 71% (P = 0.01), regional hospitals between 8% and 40% (P < 0.01), and local hospitals between 0% and 47% (P < 0.01). The prevalences of departments actively engaged in ACC were 40% in 2000, 54% in 2003, 73% in 2006 and 80% in 2009 (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe study, spanning nearly a decade, illustrates that following an increase in number of APSs from 2000 to 2006, followed by a significant decline, a steadily increasing number of departments implemented ACC.
Red blood cell transfusion during septic shock in the ICU
Authors: PERNER A. , SMITH S. H. , CARLSEN S. , HOLST L. B. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundTransfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) remains controversial in patients with septic shock, but current practice is unknown. Our aim was to evaluate RBC transfusion practice in septic shock in the intensive care unit (ICU), and patient characteristics and outcome associated with RBC transfusion.MethodsProspective cohort study of all adult patients with septic shock (n = 164) in six general ICUs during a 3‐month period. Characteristics, other treatments, monitoring and outcome were compared in RBC‐transfused and ‐non‐transfused patients.ResultsNinety‐nine patients (95% confidence interval 87–111) received a median 900 ml (interquartile range 490–1405) of RBC during septic shock in ICU. Among transfused patients, there were more females [49/99 (49%) vs. 22/65 (34%), P = 0.048] and surgical patients [39/99 (39%) vs. 14/65 (22%), P = 0.02] than among patients not transfused. Also, admission simplified acute physiology score II was higher and minimal haemoglobin levels (days 1–3) were lower in transfused patients compared with those not transfused. In contrast, age, markers of shock and severity organ failure assessment score on day 1 and 90‐day mortality did not differ between RBC‐transfused and ‐non‐transfused patients.ConclusionsMost patients with septic shock received RBCs during shock, and these patients had higher disease severity and lower haemoglobin levels than those not transfused. In spite of this, mortality did not differ between groups neither in the unadjusted or adjusted analyses. However, neither the design nor the sample size allows us to make inferences about treatment effects, which underlines the need for large randomised, clinical trials on transfusion in septic shock.
Association of automated data collection and data completeness with outcomes of intensive care. A new customised model for outcome prediction
Authors: REINIKAINEN M. , MUSSALO P. , HOVILEHTO S. , UUSARO A. , VARPULA T. , KARI A. , PETTILÄ V. ,   FINNISH INTENSIVE CARE CONSORTIUM
Published: March 2012

BackgroundThe Finnish Intensive Care Consortium coordinates a national intensive care benchmarking programme. Clinical information systems (CISs) that collect data automatically are widely used. The aim of this study was to explore whether the severity of illness‐adjusted hospital mortality of Finnish intensive care unit (ICU) patients has changed in recent years and whether the changes reflect genuine improvements in the quality of care or are explained by changes in measuring severity of illness.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data collected prospectively to the database of the Consortium. During the years 2001–2008, there were 116,065 admissions to the participating ICUs. We excluded readmissions, cardiac surgery patients, patients under 18 years of age and those discharged from an ICU to another hospital's ICU. The study population comprised 85,547 patients. The Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) was used to measure severity of illness and to calculate standardised mortality ratios (SMRs, the number of observed deaths divided by the number of expected deaths).ResultsThe overall hospital mortality rate was 18.4%. The SAPS II‐based SMRs were 0.74 in 2001–2004 and 0.64 in 2005–2008. The severity of illness‐adjusted odds of death were 24% lower in 2005–2008 than in 2001–2004. One fifth of this computational difference could be explained by differences in data completeness and the automation of data collection with a CIS.ConclusionThe use of a CIS and improving data completeness do decrease severity‐adjusted mortality rates. However, this explains only one fifth of the improvement in measured outcomes of intensive care in Finland.
Production of Polyclonal Antibodies to the Recombinant Potato virus M (PVM) Non‐structural Triple Gene Block Protein 1 and Coat Protein
Authors: Cerovska Noemi , Moravec Tomas , Plchova Helena , Hoffmeisterova Hana , Dedic Petr 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe genes encoding the coat protein (CP) and triple gene block protein 1 (TGBp1) of Potato virus M (PVM) were cloned into expression vector pET‐45b(+) (N‐terminal 6xHis tag) and expressed in E. coli Rosetta gami‐2(DE3). The purified recombinant antigens were used for raising polyclonal antibodies. The antibodies against recombinant CP were successfully used in Western blot analysis, plate‐trapped ELISA and DAS‐ELISA as a coating for PVM detection in infected potato leaf samples. The antibodies against recombinant non‐structural protein detected the TGBp1 only in Western blot analysis. This is the first report of the production of polyclonal antibodies against recombinant coat protein and TGBp1 of PVM and their use for detecting the virus.
Development and application of single nucleotide polymorphism markers in the polyploid Brassica napus by 454 sequencing of expressed sequence tags
Authors: Hu Zhiyong , Huang Shunmou , Sun Meiyu , Wang Hanzhong , Hua Wei 
Published: March 2012

With 4 figures and 4 tablesAbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are currently the important classes of genetic markers for major crop species. It has the abundant polymorphism, however, is not widely applicable for genetic linkage mapping. In this study, methods for developing SNP markers in polyploid rapeseed by incorporation of expressed sequence tag (EST) redundancy, quality index and lines information between parents in the absence of reference genomic sequence data are demonstrated. For the development of SNP markers, ESTs were generated from two rapeseed parents ZY036 and 51070. Putative SNPs were computationally identified using 201 190 high‐quality 454 ESTs from the two parents. A total of 655 putative SNPs were detected, among which transition changes accounted for 56% and transversion changes accounted for 44%. Of 50 randomly selected, putative SNPs 42 could be successfully validated, and six of these were successfully mapped in an F2 population from the two parents that were used for generating the EST libraries. These results demonstrate the usefulness of our approach for SNP marker development.
Dimethylformamide Improves the In vitro Characteristics of Thawed Stallion Spermatozoa Reducing Sublethal Damage
Authors: Morillo Rodriguez A , Balao da Silva C , Macías‐García B , Gallardo Bolaños JM , Tapia JA , Aparicio IM , Ortega‐Ferrusola C , Peña FJ 
Published: March 2012

ContentsA total of 42 ejaculates were used in the experiment; six ejaculates per stallion, obtained from seven Pure Spanish stallions (PRE), were split and frozen in freezing media with different concentrations and combinations of cryoprotectant (CPA): (i) Cáceres (skim milk based extender) containing 2.5% glycerol (2.5GL), (ii) Cáceres containing 1.5% glycerol and 1.5% dimethylformamide (1.5%GL–1.5%DMFA), (iii) Cáceres extender supplemented with 1.5% glycerol and 2.5% dimethylformamide (1.5%GL–2.5%DMFA) and (iv) Cáceres extender supplemented with 4% dimethylformamide (4%DMFA). After at least 4 weeks of storage in liquid nitrogen (LN), straws were thawed and semen analysed by computer‐assisted sperm analysis and flow cytometry (membrane lipid architecture (Merocyanine 540), integrity and sublethal damage (YoPro‐1) and mitochondrial membrane potential (JC‐1)). After thawing, better results were observed in samples frozen in 4%DMFA or in combinations of 1.5%GL–2.5%DMFA, in fact total motility increased by 16% in the 4%DMFA group compared to 2.5%GL (P < 0.05). Also, there was an increment in the percentage of progressive motile sperm in the 1.5%GL–2.5%DMFA group (9.8% 2.5GL vs 19% in the 1.5%GL–2.5%DMFA group p < 0.05); also, samples frozen in the 4%DMFA group had more intact (YoPro‐1 negative) sperm post‐thawing, 29.3% in 2.5%GL vs 36.7% in 4%DMFA group (p < 0.05). Membrane lipid architecture was not affected by any of the cryoprotectants tested, while samples frozen in 4%DFMA had a lower percentage of mitochondria with lower membrane potential. It is concluded that DMFA improves the outcome of cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa mainly reducing sublethal cryodamage.
Vitrification with DAP 213 and Cryotop of Ex Situ and In Situ Feline Cumulus–Oocyte Complexes
Authors: Alves AE , Kozel AC , Luvoni GC 
Published: March 2012

ContentsThis study was undertaken to compare cryotolerance, in terms of viability and resumption of meiosis after warming and culture (24 and 48 h), of ex situ (isolated) and in situ (enclosed in the ovarian tissue) feline cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) vitrified with DAP 213 (2 m DMSO, 1 m acetamide, 3 m propylene glycol) in cryotubes or Cryotop method. Ovaries were harvested from 49 pubertal queens. Of each pair of ovaries, one was dissected to release COCs randomly divided into three groups: fresh COCs (control), ex situ COCs vitrified with DAP 213 and Cryotop. The cortex of the other ovary was sectioned into small fragments (approximately 1.5 mm3) and randomly assigned to be vitrified by DAP 213 or Cryotop. After warming, ex situ and in situ (retrieved form vitrified ovarian tissue) COCs were matured in vitro. Viability of oocytes was highly preserved after warming and culture in all treatments. Proportions of oocytes surrounded by complete layers of viable cumulus cells were remarkably decreased (p < 0.00001) in both vitrification procedures compared to fresh oocytes. Resumption of meiosis occurred in all treatments. After 24 h of culture, results were similar in ex situ and in situ vitrified oocytes regardless of the vitrification protocol used (range 29–40%), albeit lower (p < 0.05) than those of fresh oocytes (65.8%). After 48 h of culture, ex situ oocytes vitrified with Cryotop achieved the rates of meiosis resumption similar to fresh oocytes (53.8% vs 67.5%; p > 0.05) and ex situ and in situ oocytes vitrified with DAP 213 showed similar rates of resumption of meiosis. These findings demonstrated that DAP 213 and Cryotop preserve the viability of ex situ and in situ oocytes, but cumulus cells are highly susceptible to vitrification. However, the capability to resume meiosis evidences that feline immature oocytes vitrified as isolated or enclosed in the ovarian cortex have comparable cryotolerance.
A view from the edge of the forest: recent progress in understanding the relationships of the insect orders
Authors: Yeates David K , Cameron Stephen L , Trautwein Michelle 
Published: March 2012

AbstractResearch over the last two decades has significantly increased our understanding of the evolutionary position of the insects among other arthropods, and the relationships among the insect Orders. Many of these insights have been established through increasingly sophisticated analyses of DNA sequence data from a limited number of genes. Recent results have established the relationships of the Holometabola, but relationships among the hemimetabolous orders have been more difficult to elucidate. A strong consensus on the relationships among the Palaeoptera (Ephemeroptera and Odonata) and their relationship to the Neoptera has not emerged with all three possible resolutions supported by different data sets. While polyneopteran relationships generally have resisted significant resolution, it is now clear that termites, Isoptera, are nested within the cockroaches, Blattodea. The newly discovered order Mantophasmatodea is difficult to place with the balance of studies favouring Grylloblattodea as sister‐group. While some studies have found the paraneopteran orders (Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Phthiraptera and Psocoptera) monophyletic, evidence suggests that parasitic lice (Phthiraptera) have evolved from groups within the book and bark lice (Psocoptera), and may represent parallel evolutions of parasitism within two major louse groups. Within Holometabola, it is now clear that Hymenoptera are the sister to the other orders, that, in turn are divided into two clades, the Neuropteroidea (Coleoptera, Neuroptera and relatives) and the Mecopterida (Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and their relatives). The enigmatic order Strepsiptera, the twisted wing insects, have now been placed firmly near Coleoptera, rejecting their close relationship to Diptera that was proposed some 15 years ago primarily based on ribosomal DNA data. Phylogenomic‐scale analyses are just beginning to be focused on the relationships of the insect orders, and this is where we expect to see resolution of palaeopteran and polyneopteran relationships. Future research will benefit from greater coordination between intra and inter‐ordinal analyses. This will maximise the opportunities for appropriate outgroup choice at the intraordinal level and provide the background knowledge for the interordinal analyses to span the maximum phylogenetic scope within groups.