bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microdissection and amplification of coding sequences from a chromosome fragment restoring male fertility in alloplasmic male‐sterile tobacco.
Authors: Hernould Michel , Glimelius Kristina , Veuskens Jacky , Bergman Per , Mouras Armand 
Published: October 2010

SummaryAn alloplasmic male‐sterile line of tobacco, containing the nucleus of Nicotiana tabacum and the cytoplasm of Nicotiana repanda, is restored to fertility by introgression of an alien chromosome fragment obtained from the cytoplasm donor. To isolate the restorer gene(s), the alien chromosome fragment was microdissected from metaphase plates of the restored line. The microdissected chromosomes represented only 0.1 pg of DNA, which was amplified using a degenerate oligonucleotide‐primed PCR method (DOP‐PCR), from which a chromosome fragment specific library was created. Compared with previous strategies used for microcloning, a modified and improved method was developed by the subsequent isolation of expressed sequences. The library was screened with cDNA probes synthesized by reverse transcription and DOP‐PCR amplification (RT/DOP‐PCR), of total RNAs isolated from early developing restored and male‐sterile flower buds. By this strategy, transcribed DNA sequences specific for the restored line were cloned.
The plasma membrane aquaporin NtAQP1 is a key component of the leaf unfolding mechanism in tobacco
Authors: Siefritz Franka , Otto Beate , Bienert Gerd Patrick , Van Der Krol Alexander , Kaldenhoff Ralf 
Published: October 2010

SummaryEpinastic leaf movement of tobacco is based on differential growth of the upper and lower leaf surface and is distinct from the motor organ‐driven mechanism of nyctinastic leaf movement of, for example, mimosa species. The epinastic leaf movement of tobacco is observed not only under diurnal light regimes but also in continuous light, indicating a control by light and the circadian clock. As the transport of water across membranes by aquaporins is an important component of rapid plant cell elongation, the role of the tobacco aquaporin Nt aquaporin (AQP)1 in the epinastic response was studied in detail. In planta NtAQP1‐luciferase (LUC) activity studies, Northern and Western blot analyses demonstrated a diurnal and circadian oscillation in the expression of this plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP)1‐type aquaporin in leaf petioles, exhibiting peaks of expression coinciding with leaf unfolding. Cellular water permeability of protoplasts isolated from leaf petioles was found to be high in the morning, i.e. during the unfolding reaction, and low in the evening. Moreover, diurnal epinastic leaf movement was shown to be reduced in transgenic tobacco lines with an impaired expression of NtAQP1. It is concluded that the cyclic expression of PIP1‐aquaporin represents an important component of the leaf movement mechanism.
Establishing an efficient Ac/Ds tagging system in rice: large‐scale analysis of Ds flanking sequences
Authors: Kolesnik Tatiana , Szeverenyi Ildiko , Bachmann Doris , Kumar Chellian Santhosh , Jiang Shuye , Ramamoorthy Rengasamy , Cai Minnie , Ma Zhi Gang , Sundaresan Venkatesan , Ramachandran Srinivasan 
Published: October 2010

SummaryA two‐element Activator/Dissociation (Ac/Ds) gene trap system was successfully established in rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare) to generate a collection of stable, unlinked and single‐copy Ds transposants. The germinal transposition frequency of Ds was estimated as an average of 51% by analyzing 4413 families. Study of Ds transposition pattern in siblings revealed that 79% had at least two different insertions, suggesting late transposition during rice development. Analysis of 2057 Ds flanking sequences showed that 88% of them were unique, whereas the rest within T‐DNA. The insertions were distributed randomly throughout the genome; however, there was a bias toward chromosomes 4 and 7, which had two times as many insertions as that expected. A hot spot for Ds insertions was identified on chromosome 7 within a 40‐kbp region. One‐third of Ds flanking sequences was homologous to either proteins or rice expressed sequence tags (ESTs), confirming a preference for Ds transposition into coding regions. Analysis of 200 Ds lines on chromosome 1 revealed that 72% insertions were found in genic region. Anchoring of more than 800 insertions to yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)‐based EST map showed that Ds transposes preferentially into regions rich in expressed sequences. High germinal transposition frequency and independent transpositions among siblings show that the efficiency of this system is suitable for large‐scale transposon mutagenesis in rice.
GIP, a Petunia hybrida GA‐induced cysteine‐rich protein: a possible role in shoot elongation and transition to flowering
Authors: Ben‐Nissan Gili , Lee Jung‐Youn , Borohov Amihud , Weiss David 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe Petunia hybrida GA‐induced proteins (GIPs) belong to a large group of proteins identified in numerous plant species. These proteins share a similar C‐terminal region containing 12 cysteine residues in conserved positions. To date, the function of these proteins remains unclear. We previously found that GIP1 expression coincides with cell elongation in stems and flowers and is induced by gibberellic acid (GA3). Transient expression of a GIP1:green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion in tobacco bright yellow 2 (BY2) cells and immunoblot analyses suggest microsomal compartmentalization with possible endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization. However, the polyclonal anti‐GIP1 antibodies also reacted with proteins extracted from the cell wall. Three novel GIP homologs, GIP2, GIP4, and GIP5, were isolated. While GIP4, similar to GIP1, is putatively localized to the ER membrane, the cleavable hydrophobic N‐terminal sequences of GIP2 and GIP5 suggest cell wall localization. GIP1 and GIP2 are expressed during cell elongation, whereas GIP4 and GIP5 are expressed during cell division; nevertheless, they all were induced by GA3. We generated transgenic petunia in which we repressed the putative cell wall protein GIP2. The transgenic plants exhibited late flowering and reduced stem elongation. These phenotypic alterations were found under low, but not moderate‐high temperatures, suggesting functional redundancy under normal growth conditions. The expression pattern and cellular localization of GIP2, its regulation by GA, and the phenotype of the transgenic plants suggest a role in GA‐mediated cell elongation and transition to flowering.
Cytoplasmic regulation of the accumulation of nuclear‐encoded proteins in the mitochondrial proteome of maize
Authors: Hochholdinger Frank , Guo Ling , Schnable Patrick S. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryMitochondria from normal (NA)‐ and Texas (T)‐cytoplasm maize (Zea mays L.) were purified from unpollinated ears via Percoll centrifugation. Approximately 300 mitochondrial proteins were resolved using two‐dimensional (2‐D) electrophoresis. The 197 most abundant proteins were analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption lonization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐ToF) mass spectrometry involving overlapping pH gradients (pH 4–7 and 6–9). Database searches identified 58 genes that encode 100 of these protein spots. Functions could be predicted for 38 of the 58 genes (66%). All but one of these genes are located in the nuclear genome. Thirteen per cent of the analyzed protein spots (25 out of 197) exhibited at least a threefold difference in accumulation between the mitochondrial proteomes of NA‐ or T‐cytoplasm maize plants that had essentially identical nuclear genomes. As most of these proteins were nuclear‐encoded, these findings demonstrate that the genotype of a mitochondrion can regulate the accumulation of the nuclear‐encoded fraction of its proteome. About half (27 out of 58) of the maize mitochondrial proteins identified in this study were not recovered in previous analyses of the Arabidopsis and rice mitochondrial proteomes.
New plant growth‐modifying properties of the Agrobacterium T‐6b oncogene revealed by the use of a dexamethasone‐inducible promoter
Authors: Grémillon Louis , Helfer Anne , Clément Bernadette , Otten Léon 
Published: October 2010

Summary Agrobacterium 6b oncogenes induce tumours on Nicotiana glauca and enations and associated modifications in transgenic N. tabacum plants. 2x35S‐AB‐6b tobacco rootstocks produced a graft‐transmissible factor that induced enations in wild‐type scions; the nature of this enation factor remains to be identified. Here, we report on the properties of tobacco plants carrying a dexamethasone‐inducible T‐6b gene (dex‐T‐6b). Induction with dex led to complex growth modifications, many of which have not been reported previously. Modifications were only found in growing tissues; mature tissues remained unaffected. Growth could be either stimulated or inhibited. Dex induction of young plants led to morphogenetic gradients that included enations, tubular leaves and fragmented leaf primordia. Root elongation was increased or slowed down, while radial root growth was strongly enhanced. Additional cell divisions were found in the root pericycle and vasculature. Enation factor import from mature tissues did not have the same effects on growing tissues as local T‐6b synthesis: normal scions grafted on induced dex‐T‐6b rootstocks formed enations, whereas local dex‐T‐6b induction at the shoot apex led to numerous dark‐green spots on the abaxial side of the leaves. In leaf patch assays, the 23‐kDa T‐6b protein was found to move through leaves and to enter the vascular system. This and the fact that rootstocks of spontaneous tobacco enation mutants did not modify wild‐type scions contrary to 6b plants indicate that the 6b protein might be the enation factor.
Rac regulation of NtrbohD, the oxidase responsible for the oxidative burst in elicited tobacco cell
Authors: Morel Johanne , Fromentin Jérome , Blein Jean‐Pierre , Simon‐Plas Françoise , Elmayan Taline 
Published: October 2010

SummaryFive cDNAs encoding Rac protein homologues to the Rho‐related proteins from plants (Rop) were isolated in tobacco, and the function of one of them, Ntrac5, was studied. The Ntrac5 mRNA is repressed when tobacco leaves and cells are treated with the fungal elicitor cryptogein. Tobacco cells were transformed with sense constructs of Ntrac5 or Ntrac5V15, encoding the native GTP/GDP‐bound form of this Rac protein homologue or the constitutively active mutant in its GTP‐bound form, respectively. Immunological studies indicate that the corresponding protein is continuously located on the plasma membrane (PM). Both types of transformed cells show the same extra‐cellular alkalinization as the control, but a high decrease in the active oxygen species (AOS) production after elicitation with cryptogein. Moreover, the regulation of NtrbohD, the oxidase involved in AOS production upon elicitation, is affected at both transcriptional and translational levels in cells overexpressing Ntrac5. Thus, Ntrac5 could be considered as a negative regulator of NtrbohD.
Feeding problems in infants with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease: A controlled study
Authors: Mathisen B , Worrall L , Masel J , Wall C , Shepherd RW 
Published: October 2010

Objective:Gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in infants is commonly associated with feeding problems but has not been subject to systematic controlled study. We evaluated feeding, dietary, behavioural data obtained from systematic objective studies of six‐month old infants with and without GORD.Methods:Infants with GORD (defined by 24‐h pH monitoring,n= 20), and age, gender, gestation, and socio‐economic matched healthy infants (n= 20) had standardised assessments of dietary intake, oromotor function by videoanalysis (Feeding Assessment Schedule, FAS), and infant feeding behaviour by Testers and Maternal Ratings (TRIB and MRIB). Videofluoroscopic analyses of swallowing was undertaken in 11/20 GORD infants and analysed by standardised paediatric check list.Results:Compared with control data: GORD infants had significantly lower energy intakes; the FAS showed GORD infants to have significantly fewer adaptive skills and readiness behaviour for solids, significantly more food refusal and food loss; the TRIB showed GORD infants to be significantly more demanding and difficult with feeds; and the MRIB revealed that mothers of GORD infants had significantly more negative feelings, significantly less enjoyment of feeds, and reported significantly more crying behaviour. On videofluoroscopy, oral‐preparatory and oral phase problems predominated, particularly with solids, silent aspiration occurred during the pharyngeal phase in 2/11, and delayed oesophageal transit occurred in 4/11.Conclusions:Feeding problems affecting behaviour, swallowing, food intake, and mother–child interaction occur in infants with GORD, who displayed a lack of development of age‐appropriate feeding skills. The contribution of feeding problems to morbidity in GORD in infants has been underestimated in the past.
Six‐month follow‐up of children with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Harvey JMM , O’Callaghan MJ , Wales PD , Harris MA , Masters IB 
Published: October 2010

Objectives: This study examined prospectively changes in development, temperament and sleep related behaviour in children referred for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and polysomnographic sleep study, some of whom had surgical intervention. Methodology: Using a prospective cohort study design, parents of 56 children referred for OSA completed sleep and temperament questionnaires and their child was assessed developmentally at the time of the polysomnographic sleep study. Forty (72%) of the children were neurologically normal. At 6 months, 42 children were reassessed using sleep and temperament questionnaires and a developmental assessment. After excluding the primary snorers, subjects were categorised as having had intervention (n = 24) or not (n = 15), and differences over the 6‐month period in Griffiths scores, temperament and sleep related behaviour were examined. Results: Regardless of intervention status, there was an improvement in night‐time and day‐time sleep behaviour for the total group, though the extent of improvement was more marked in the intervention group. For the neurologically normal children, improvement in the sleep behaviour was only significant for the intervention group (P < 0.05). Intervention did not result in any significant changes in Griffiths developmental score or temperament. Conclusion: Surgical intervention improves sleep behaviour in children though not temperament or development.
Cisapride and Caesarean section: Their role in babies with gastroschisis
Authors: Kishore Kumar R , Shi ECP , Duffy B 
Published: October 2010

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the neonatal postoperative course and morbidity for patients with gastroschisis who received cisapride with those who did not receive cisapride. Study design: Data were obtained by review of the medical records of all the patients with gastroschisis who were admitted to Sydney Children’s Hospital between January 1984 and December 1995. Data were compared between 15 babies who received cisapride with 27 who did not. The mode of delivery and outcome of babies in whom gastroschisis was diagnosed antenatally was compared with those who were diagnosed at birth. Results: Duration to the commencement of feeds, attainment of full feeds and the length of hospital stay were not statistically different between these two groups, with or without cisapride (p = ≥ 0.1). There were more elective Caesarean sections in the antenatally diagnosed group compared to those detected at birth and the outcome of these two groups showed no statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Our study identified no benefit from cisapride therapy in babies with gastroschisis and also there was no benefit from elective Caesarean section for babies with antenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis.
Randomised controlled trials addressing Australian Aboriginal health needs: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Morris PS 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To describe the frequency and design of controlled clinical trials specifically addressing the health needs of Aboriginal Australians. Methodology: Electronic searching of Medline, the Australasian Medical Index, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health bibliographic database, and handsearching of Aboriginal Health: an annotated bibliography. Studies that met the following selection criteria were included: i) addressed an Aboriginal health problem, ii) had a formal description of methods and results, and iii) compared the health effects of an intervention with a concurrent control group. All summary data were extracted by a single author. Results: Only 13 studies were identified. Nine were randomised controlled trials and four were controlled trials but not randomised. Only one of these involved adults, which is unexpected. Although important Aboriginal child health issues were addressed in 12 of the 13 studies, most were undertaken many years ago and may not be familiar to Australian paediatricians. The majority appeared to be designed appropriately. Interestingly, the two studies not published in the medical literature had the largest sample size. There is no evidence that the number of published clinical trials involving Aboriginal Australians is increasing, or that long‐term applied clinical research programmes have been established. Conclusion: There is a profound lack of well‐designed studies assessing medical interventions. This is further evidence that Australia has failed to develop a research infrastructure able to inform health care in Aboriginal communities. Adults appear especially disadvantaged.
Aetiological factors and development in subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Harvey JMM , O’Callaghan MJ , Wales PD , Harris MA , Masters IB 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To examine whether maternal pregnancy complications, adverse birth events, respiratory illnesses, or developmental difficulty were increased in neurologically normal children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and whether severity of OSA adversely affects the child’s development and temperament. Methodology: Maternal report of perinatal events, respiratory illness and developmental difficulty in 37 children with OSA was contrasted with a comparison group (n = 67). Children with OSA were assessed developmentally (Griffiths Scales), had a parental rating of temperament (Australian Temperament Scale) and attended an overnight polysomnographic sleep study. Results: Children with OSA had an increased prevalence of adverse maternal pregnancy and perinatal events, respiratory disease and developmental concerns. Limited associations were found between the severity of OSA and development or temperament difficulty. Conclusions: This study suggests a relationship between OSA, though not its severity, and pre/perinatal adversity and child development. Polysomnographic and detailed developmental assessment of community‐based samples of children with OSA and control children are necessary to confirm these findings.
Alcohol use by parents who present their child to a paediatric emergency department
Authors: Sharma S , Llewelyn K , Jureidini J 
Published: October 2010

Objectives: Parental alcohol misuse exposes children to risk, but is poorly identified in paediatric settings. We aimed to (i) measure the alcohol use in parents of a sample of children attending emergency and (ii) assess the quality of documentation of this alcohol use by paediatric residents. Method: Parents of children presenting to the Emergency Department of a children’s hospital were interviewed regarding their alcohol use, and each completed an AUDIT CORE questionnaire. The child’s case notes were reviewed for documentation of parental alcohol use. Results: One hundred and ninety‐three parents were interviewed. Although per capita alcohol use for both sexes, and hazardous drinking for females were found to be significantly less than general population figures, rates of hazardous drinking were high for fathers. Yet only 1% of case notes reviewed contained any documentation of parental alcohol use. Conclusion: This small study suggests that although average alcohol intake amongst parents presenting their children to a paediatric emergency department may be lower than for the general population, there is a significant prevalence of undetected hazardous drinking amongst parents.
Atrial septal defect in Malta
Authors: Grech V 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To study diagnostic and surgical trends in atrial septal defect (ASD) in a population‐based study, and estimate birth prevalence and spontaneous closure rates. Methodology: All patients in Malta diagnosed as having ASD and born between 1990 and 1994 were identified from various sources. This took place in the setting of a regional hospital supplying diagnostic services for the entire population. Echocardiographic follow‐up was also undertaken for lesions not requiring intervention. Results: A total of 190 patients born in this period were diagnosed as having ASD. Age at diagnosis and age at surgery have decreased significantly over the period under study (P < 0.0001). The mode of diagnosis has become entirely noninvasive, and the perioperative mortality decreased dramatically over time. For the period 1990–94, the incidence at birth for defects not requiring intervention was 2.0/1000 live births, defects requiring intervention 0.4/1000 live births. A total of 92% of 50 defects not requiring intervention closed spontaneously, and the remainder had spontaneously decreased in size on follow‐up. Conclusions: ASD is a relatively benign malformation in which early and noninvasive diagnosis can be achieved, with an extremely low interventional mortality.
Confirmation that Child Behavior Checklist clinical scales discriminate juvenile mania from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Hazell PL , Lewin TJ , Carr VJ 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To determine whether boys meeting diagnostic criteria for juvenile mania and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (mania‐ADHD) may be distinguished from boys with ADHD alone on a range of clinical and family variables. Methodology: Boys aged 9–13 years with mania‐ADHD (n = 25), ADHD alone (n = 99), or no psychiatric diagnosis (n = 27) were compared on parent and teacher report Child Behavior Checklists (CBCL) and Conners Questionnaires, self‐report CBCLs, patterns of comorbidity, intellectual functioning, and family variables. Results: Mania‐ADHD subjects had significantly higher mean ratings than ADHD only subjects on the parent CBCL for the Withdrawn, Thought Problems, Delinquent Behavior and Aggressive Behavior scales and significantly higher rates of comorbid depression, anxiety and psychotic symptoms. Other variables did not distinguish the mania‐ADHD and ADHD only groups. Conclusions: These data confirm previous research indicating that the CBCL may be used to assist in the clinical identification of manic children.