bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Improved Preparation of D‐Glyceraldehyde 3‐Phosphate and Its Use in the Synthesis of 1‐Deoxy‐D‐xylulose 5‐Phosphate
Authors: Li Heng , Tian Jie , Wang Hui , Yang Shao‐Qing , Gao Wen‐Yun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractD‐Glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate (=D‐GAP; 2) was prepared by an improved chemical method (Scheme 2), and it was then employed to synthesize 1‐deoxy‐D‐xylulose 5‐phosphate (=DXP; 3) which is enzymatically one of the key intermediates in the MEP (4) terpenoid biosynthetic pathway (Scheme 1). The recombinant DXP synthase of Rhodobacter capsulatus was used to catalyze the condensation of D‐glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate (2) and pyruvate (=2‐oxopropanoate; 1) to produce the sugar phosphate 3 (Scheme 2). The simple two‐step chemoenzymatic route described affords DXP (3) with more than 70% overall yield and higher than 95% purity. The procedure may also be used for the synthesis of isotope‐labeled DXP (3) by using isotope‐labeled pyruvate.
Three New Indole‐Containing Diketopiperazine Alkaloids from a Deep‐Ocean Sediment Derived Fungus Penicillium griseofulvum
Authors: Zhou Li‐Na , Zhu Tian‐Jiao , Cai Sheng‐Xin , Gu Qian‐Qun , Li De‐Hai 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThree new indole‐containing diketopiperazine alkaloids, named variecolorins M–O (1–3), together with the eight known analogues 4–11, were isolated from a deep‐ocean sediment‐derived fungus, Penicillium griseofulvum. Their structures were determined by analysis of the spectroscopic data. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazinyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activities and the cell‐proliferation inhibitory activities of the three new compounds 1–3 were investigated.
Interconvertible Eudesmanolides Containing a 6,12‐Hemiketal Function from Salvia castaneaDiels f. tomentosaStib.
Authors: Xu Gang , Peng Li‐Yan , Shen Xiao‐Ling , Zhao Qin‐Shi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo new eudesmanolide sesquiterpenoids containing a hemiacetal function, castanins G and H (1 and 2), were obtained as a pair of interconvertible isomers from the aerial parts of Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib., and separated as their uninterconvertible acetates 3 and 4. Their structures were elucidated by unequivocal interpretation and comparative analysis of the NMR and MS data of the mixture 1/2 and of their acetates 3 and 4, respectively. The inhibitory activity of 3 and 4 toward MCF‐7, HeLa, and HepG2 cell lines was also evaluated.
Synthesis of 5‐(Arylselanyl)‐2‐(arylsulfanyl)benzoates by [3+3] Cyclocondensation of 3‐(Arylsulfanyl)‐1‐(silyloxy)buta‐1,3‐dienes with 2‐(Arylselanyl)‐3‐(silyloxy)alk‐2‐en‐1‐ones
Authors: Iqbal Inam , Imran Muhammad , Langer Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFunctionalized 5‐(arylselanyl)‐2‐(arylsulfanyl)benzoates were prepared by [3+3] cyclocondensation of 3‐(arylsulfanyl)‐1‐(silyloxy)buta‐1,3‐dienes with 2‐(arylselanyl)‐3‐(silyloxy)‐alk‐2‐en‐1‐ones.
Synthesis of Three‐, Five‐, and Six‐Membered Heterocycles Derived from New β‐Amino‐α‐(trifluoromethyl) Alcohols
Authors: Obijalska Emilia , Mlostoń Grzegorz , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNucleophilic trifluoromethylation of α‐imino ketones 2, derived from arylglyoxal, with Ruppert–Prakash reagent (CF3SiMe3) offers a convenient access to the corresponding O‐silylated β‐imino‐α‐(trifluoromethyl) alcohols. In a ‘one‐pot’ procedure, by treatment with NaBH4, these products smoothly undergo reduction and desilylation yielding the expected β‐amino‐α‐(trifluoromethyl) alcohols 4. The latter were used as starting materials for the synthesis of diverse trifluoromethylated heterocycles, including aziridines 5, 1,3‐oxazolidines 8, 1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐ones 9, 1,3,2‐oxazaphospholidine 2‐oxides 10, 1,2,3‐oxathiazolidine 2‐oxides 11, and morpholine‐2,3‐diones 12. An optically active 5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐substituted 1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐one 9g was also obtained.
Associations of overall and abdominal adiposity with area and volumetric mammographic measures among postmenopausal women
Authors: Woolcott Christy G. , Cook Linda S. , Courneya Kerry S. , Boyd Norman F. , Yaffe Martin J. , Terry Tim , Brant Rollin , McTiernan Anne , Bryant Heather E. , Magliocco Anthony M. , Friedenreich Christine M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWhereas mammographic density and adiposity are positively associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk, they are inversely associated with one another. To examine the association between these two risk factors, a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of a year‐long aerobic exercise intervention was done. Participants were 302 postmenopausal women aged 50–74 years. Dense fibroglandular and nondense fatty tissue were measured from mammograms using computer‐assisted thresholding software for area measurements and a technique relying on the calibration of mammography machines with a tissue‐equivalent phantom for volumetric measurements. Adiposity was measured by anthropometry (body mass index, waist circumference), whole‐body dual x‐ray absorptiometry scans (body fat) and computed tomography scans (abdominal adiposity). Correlations were estimated between and within women, the latter representing the association between the 1‐year change in adiposity and mammographic measures. Adiposity was correlated with nondense area and volume (0.50 ≤ r ≤ 0.66 between women; 0.18 ≤ r ≤ 0.46 within women). Between women, adiposity was correlated with dense area and volume (−0.12 ≤ r ≤ −0.30) and with percent dense area and volume (−0.28 ≤ r ≤ −0.48). Because measurements made with scans explained at most only 3% more of the variation in absolute or percent density beyond that explained by anthropometric measurements, anthropometric measurements are likely sufficient for adjustment of the association between mammographic density and breast cancer risk. Adiposity is associated with breast fatty tissue and possibly weakly inversely associated with fibroglandular tissue.
Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and autoimmunity: Does gender matter?
Authors: Ansell Pat , Simpson Jill , Lightfoot Tracy , Smith Alex , Kane Eleanor , Howell Debra , Newton Rob , McGonagle Dennis , Jack Andrew , Roman Eve 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAutoimmune disorders are more frequent in women, whereas most non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are common in men; yet, sex‐specific autoimmune–lymphoma associations are rarely reported. Detailed data on autoimmune disease were abstracted from medical records of 791 cases (including 316 diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCLs); 228 follicular lymphomas (FLs); 127 marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs); 64 T‐cell lymphomas and 38 mantle cell lymphomas) and 872 controls. The combined prevalence of autoimmune disease was higher among women (15.7% controls; 19.7% cases) than men (6.6% controls; 14.5% cases), but the overall association with NHL was stronger for men (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.5–3.8) than women (1.3, 0.9–1.9), the disparity persisting when data for the year immediately preceding lymphoma diagnosis were excluded (men 2.0, 1.3–3.3; women 1.2, 0.8–1.8). For both sexes, the strongest individual associations were for DLBCL, MZL and T‐cell lymphomas, with no associations evident for FL. Among women, there were strong links between MZL and both Sjögren's syndrome and idiopathic thrombocytopenia, and among men, between DLBCL and both rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. The expected association between coeliac disease and T‐cell lymphoma was seen in both sexes. Our results add to the accumulating knowledge on this topic and suggest that future studies should analyze data for men and women separately.
Highlights in Coupled Electrochemical Flow Cell‐Mass Spectrometry, EC/MS
Authors: Gun Jenny , Bharathi Subramanian , Gutkin Vitaly , Rizkov Dan , Voloshenko Anna , Shelkov Rimma , Sladkevich Sergei , Kyi Nilar , Rona Michael , Wolanov Yitzik , Rizkov Dan , Koch Maxmilian , Mizrahi Shaul , Pridkhochenko Petr V. , Modestov Alexander , Lev Ovadia 
Published: September 2010

AbstractProbing electrochemical processes by mass spectrometry (EC/MS) is a developing field that benefits from the unmatched identification power of mass spectrometry and from the rapid transfer of electrochemical cell products to the mass spectrometer. Most of the current EC/MS efforts are directed towards the development of differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) using the electro‐ionization source for identification of volatile compounds, and towards the application of electrospray mass spectrometers for determination of semivolatile and nonvolatile products. The challenges in coupling mass spectrometry and electrochemistry are described, and different approaches to using the coupled system for diverse applications are reviewed, with emphasis on electrospray mass spectrometry. Reaction mechanism studies, diagnostic applications, and activity imaging of electrodes are demonstrated based on approaches that were devised in our laboratory.
A mindfulness‐based approach to the treatment of insomnia
Authors: Ong Jason , Sholtes David 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMindfulness meditation has emerged as a novel approach to emotion regulation and stress reduction that has several health benefits. Preliminary work has been conducted on mindfulness‐based therapy for insomnia (MBT‐I), a meditation‐based program for individuals suffering from chronic sleep disturbance. This treatment integrates behavioral treatments for insomnia with the principles and practices of mindfulness meditation. A case illustration of a chronic insomnia sufferer demonstrates the application of mindfulness principles for developing adaptive ways of working with the nocturnal symptoms and waking consequences of chronic insomnia. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1–10, 2010.
Sonographic findings in Nicolau syndrome following intramuscular diclofenac injection: A case report
Authors: Park Hee‐Jin , Kim Mi‐Sung , Park Noh‐Hyuk , Jung Sang‐Won , Park Sung‐Il , Park Chan‐Sub 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNicolau syndrome (also known as embolia cutis medicamentosa and livedoid dermatitis) is a rare but severe localized adverse drug reaction of intramuscular injection of various drugs. The typical presentation is pain around the injection site soon after injection, followed by erythema, livedoid patch, hemorrhagic patch, and finally necrosis of skin, subcutaneous fat, and muscle tissue. We report a case that occurred in a 34‐year‐old woman after intramuscular injection of diclofenac sodium. Sonography showed diffuse thickening with increased echogenicity of the skin and subcutaneous fat layer, while MRI revealed extensive edema involving gluteal and piriformis muscles and deep fascia, and fluid collection. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Mobile echoes in liver cysts: A form of range‐ambiguity artifact
Authors: Naganuma Hiroko , Ishida Hideaki , Funaoka Masato , Fujimori Shusei , Okuyama Atushi , Odashima Masaru , Takeuchi Satoko , Hanaoka Akihiko 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurposeFaint moving echoes are occasionally encountered in large hepatic cysts, as an example of range‐ambiguity artifacts. The aim of this article is to describe the pattern of these intracystic mobile echoes, to analyze the mechanism of their formation, and to discuss options to clear them.MethodsWe analyzed the size and location of the hepatic cysts, the movement of the artifactual echoes, and the relationship between pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and the depth of these intracystic mobile echoes in 10 cases. In three cases examination at a lower PRF was made to ascertain whether the artifactual echoes would disappear.ResultsIntracystic range‐ambiguity echoes appeared when the heart was located distal to the hepatic cyst and these echoes moved according to cardiac motion. The depth of the intracystic artifacts changed according to the PRF and they disappeared at a low PRF.ConclusionIntracystic range‐ambiguity artifacts are caused by an erroneous display of the returning echoes from the heart. Knowledge of the mechanism and appearance of this artifact helps prevent misdiagnosis of internal echoes in large hepatic cysts. Observation at different PRFs is key to recognizing this artifact, and examination at lower PRFs should be done to confirm the artifactual nature of the echoes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Gene therapy strategies for hemophilia: benefits versus risks
Authors: Petrus Inge , Chuah Marinee , VandenDriessche Thierry 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of functional clotting factors VIII or IX in the blood plasma. The drawbacks of the classical protein substitution therapy fueled interest in alternative treatments by gene therapy. Hemophilia has been recognized as an ideal target disease for gene therapy because a relatively modest increase in clotting factor levels can result in a significant therapeutic benefit. Consequently, introducing a functional FVIII or FIX gene copy into the appropriate target cells could ultimately provide a cure for hemophilic patients. Several cell types have been explored for hemophilia gene therapy, including hepatocytes, muscle, endothelial and hematopoietic cells. Both nonviral and viral vectors have been considered for the development of hemophilia gene therapy, including transposons, γ‐retroviral, lentiviral, adenoviral and adeno‐associated viral vectors. Several of these strategies have resulted in stable correction of the bleeding diathesis in hemophilia A and B murine as well as canine models, paving the way towards clinical trials. Although clotting factor expression has been detected in hemophilic patients treated by gene therapy, the challenge now lies in obtaining prolonged therapeutic FVIII or FIX levels in these patients. This review highlights the benefits and potential risks of the different gene therapy strategies for hemophilia that have been developed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an inflammation‐inducible gene expression system using helper‐dependent adenoviral vectors
Authors: Yang Tianyao , Duan Rongqi , Cao Huibi , Lee Benjamin H. , Xia Chun , Chang Zhijie , Keith Tanswell A. , Hu Jim 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundClinical studies have shown that gene therapy is a promising approach for treating such genetic diseases as the eye disease, Leber's congenital amaurosis. Development of gene therapy approaches for treating chronic inflammatory diseases is, however, more challenging because it requires the production of anti‐inflammatory molecules at the diseased tissues only when they are needed.MethodsWe designed such a system by modifying the human interleukin (IL)‐6 gene promoter to direct transgene expression and delivered the system into cultured cells as well as mouse lungs using a helper‐dependent adenoviral vector.ResultsWe have demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo that the reporter LacZ or human IL‐10 gene can be induced by inflammatory stimuli.ConclusionsThe results obtained indicate that the inflammation inducible gene expression system based on the modified human IL‐6 gene promoter has the potential to be used for developing gene therapy for treating inflammatory diseases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of [2H4]oxymetazoline and [14C]oxymetazoline
Authors: Brugger Michelle L. , Borges Scott , Ren Sumei , McNamara Paul 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of [2H4] and [14C]oxymetazoline has been developed. Both compounds follow the same synthetic route with the introduction of the label occurring at different synthetic steps. The synthesis of [2H4]oxymetazoline from [2H4]ethylene diamine was achieved in one step with a 40% yield. The synthesis of [14C]oxymetazoline from potassium [14C]cyanide was achieved in two steps with an overall radiochemical yield of 67%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of [thiazolium‐2,2′‐14C2]‐SAR97276A from [14C]‐thiourea
Authors: Herbert John M. , Le Strat Franck , Oumeddour Delphine G. , Passey Stephen C. , Taylor Keith , Whitehead David M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract[thiazolium‐2,2′‐14C2]‐SAR97276A, a bis(thiazolium) antimalarial development candidate, was synthesized from [14C]‐thiourea with an overall radiochemical yield of 15%. The synthetic route involves a modified procedure for the synthesis of [14C]‐sulfurol, also a key intermediate in thiamine synthesis, which was developed due to unlabelled chemistry proving irreproducible with the radiolabelled substrate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rapid one‐step radiosynthesis of [11C]‐d‐threo‐methylphenidate
Authors: Moran Matthew D. , Wilson Alan A. , Stableford Winston T. , Wong Min , Garcia Armando , Houle Sylvain , Vasdev Neil 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCarbon‐11 labelled d‐threo‐methylphenidate ([11C]‐(1)), a radiopharmaceutical commonly used to image the dopamine transporter, has been labelled in one step using [11C]‐methyl triflate. No protection of the nitrogen atom on the piperidine ring of d‐threo‐ritalinic acid·HCl was required, as O‐methylation was favored over N‐methylation by performing the methylation in buffered solutions which effectively protonate and protect the amine functionality. The reaction was effectively carried out at room temperature in solution by captive solvent ‘LOOP’ methods or using conventional glass vials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On comparing competing structural models of PTSD: Comments on Miller et al.*
Authors: Simms Leonard J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this commentary, the author evaluates the results and conclusions of Miller et al. (2010) with respect to the debate surrounding the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) structural models of King, Leskin, King, and Weathers (1998) and Simms, Watson, and Doebbeling (2002). Although Miller et al. are to be commended for attempting to move this literature forward through a comparative assessment of the models' respective convergent and discriminant validities, the author questions their conclusions based on the data presented. His read of their data, in the context of the broader literature, is that the Simms model has advantages over the King model with respect to discriminant validity. It is premature to declare a winner in the ongoing debate on the merits of these structural models.
Multimethod study of distress tolerance and PTSD symptom severity in a trauma‐exposed community sample
Authors: Marshall‐Berenz Erin C. , Vujanovic Anka A. , Bonn‐Miller Marcel O. , Bernstein Amit , Zvolensky Michael J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDespite initial evidence linking distress tolerance to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, there is a need for the investigation of interrelations among multiple measures of distress tolerance and PTSD symptom severity. Therefore, the present study investigated concurrent relations among multiple measures of distress tolerance, as well as the relations between these measures and PTSD symptom severity, within a trauma‐exposed community sample. The sample consisted of 81 trauma‐exposed adults (63.1% women). Results indicated that Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005) scores, but no other measures of distress tolerance were significantly related to PTSD symptom severity above and beyond the variance accounted for by number of traumas, trait‐level neuroticism, and participant sex. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Optical Components in Photovoltaic Production
Authors: Khalil Amr 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe transition of the semiconductor industry to using laser for wafer processing has made available many industrial laser with the power and wavelength needed for scribing. This has paved the road for using laser in solar cell manufacturing where they now play a significant role. In order to manipulate and shape the laser beam to scribe efficiently, however, developers must tackle the challenging and critical task of selecting the right optical components. This article provides an overview of the optical design as factor of success using laser in photovoltaic (PV) production.
Long‐term fine caliber hair removal with an electro‐optic Q‐switched Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Bakus Abnoeal D. , Garden Jerome M. , Yaghmai Dina , Massa Mary C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundIn spite of major advances in hair removal therapy, fine caliber hair remains a significant challenge for laser‐ and light‐based devices.ObjectiveEvaluate a novel Electro‐Optic (EO) Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser for pigmented fine caliber hair removal in the Standard Single and a double pulse (DP) mode.MethodsEleven patients underwent four laser treatments at monthly intervals. Bilateral anatomical regions received to one side the standard single pulse (SSP) while the other side the DP option. Blinded investigators conducted hair counts at 6 months post‐treatment and after 24 months. Patients assessed hair loss and discomfort. Six patients rated their satisfaction at 6 months.ResultsAt 6 months, investigators found a reduction of 50% in hair counts with the DP and 46% with standard pulse. Ninety percent in DP and 50% in SSP reported none to mild discomfort. Transient erythema and edema was observed with a lower severity rating with the DP. There were no other untoward effects. 83.3% of patients who completed the study at 6 months expressed satisfaction with the results. At 24 months hair loss was maintained at the same rate.ConclusionThe EO Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser is an effective option for the permanent treatment of unwanted fine hair and has a high‐patient satisfaction rate. There is less therapeutic discomfort in the DP mode. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:706–711, 2010 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.