bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the marine migration of US Atlantic salmon using historical Carlin tag data
Authors: Miller Alicia S. , Sheehan Timothy F. , Renkawitz Mark D. , Meister Alfred L. , Miller Timothy J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Miller, A. S., Sheehan, T. F., Renkawitz, M. D., Meister, A. L., and Miller, T. J. 2012. Revisiting the marine migration of US Atlantic salmon using historical Carlin tag data. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1609–1615. The development of a fishery for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the sea at West Greenland in the early 1960s prompted the start of a US tagging programme in 1962. Between 1962 and 1996, more than 1.5 million salmon from New England rivers, primarily hatchery-reared smolts, were tagged and released. Overall, the rate of tag recovery was 0.55%, with 23.2% of the tags recovered from Canada, 26.0% from Greenland, and 50.8% from the United States. A generalized additive model was used to analyse marine survival based on returns of tagged salmon to the Penobscot River. The month and year of release, sea age, smolt age, and environmental variables, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) indices and local sea surface temperatures (SSTs), were assessed to explain the variability in the return rate. The AMO and NAO indices, SST, sea age, and time across years all affected survival assessed in terms of returns to the Penobscot River. The results provide information to support the management of Atlantic salmon stocks on a spatial and temporal scale in US rivers and the fishery at West Greenland.
Residual methylprednisolone suppresses human T-cell responses to spleen, but not islet, extracts from deceased organ donors
Authors: Joffe Max , Necula Andra S. , Chand Rochna , McWhinney Brett C. , Krishnamurthy Balasubramanian , Loudovaris Tom , Goodman David , Thomas Helen E. , Kay Thomas W. H. , Mannering Stuart I. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Pancreatic islets, transplanted into recipients with type 1 diabetes, are exposed to allogenic and auto-immune T-cell responses. We set out to develop an assay to measure these responses using PBMC. Our approach was to prepare spleen extract from the islet donors (allo-antigen) and islet extracts (auto-antigen). To our surprise, we found that spleen extracts potently inhibited the proliferation of human T cells driven by antigen (tetanus toxoid) and mitogen (anti-CD3 mAb, OKT3), whereas extracts prepared from pancreatic islets from the same donor did not suppress T-cell proliferation. Suppression mediated by spleen extracts was unaffected by blocking mAbs against the IL-10R, transforming growth factor-β or CD152 (CTLA-4). It was also unaffected by denaturing the spleen extracts by heating, exposing to reducing agents or protease digestion. Because deceased organ donors are commonly given the immunosuppressive glucocorticoid methylprednisolone prior to death, we hypothesized that suppression was due to residual methylprednisolone in the spleen extracts. Methylprednisolone could be detected by mass spectrometry in spleen extracts at concentrations that suppress T-cell proliferation. Finally, the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone completely reversed the suppression caused by the spleen extracts. We conclude that extracts of human spleen, but not islets, from deceased organ donors contain sufficient residual methylprednisolone to suppress the proliferation of T-cells in vitro.
The U-Box/ARM E3 Ligase PUB13 Regulates Cell Death, Defense, and Flowering Time in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Wei , Ahn Il-Pyung , Ning Yuese , Park Chan-Ho , Zeng Lirong , Whitehill Justin G.A. , Lu Haibin , Zhao Qingzhen , Ding Bo , Xie Qi , Zhou Jian-Min , Dai Liangying , Wang Guo-Liang 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The components in plant signal transduction pathways are intertwined and affect each other to coordinate plant growth, development, and defenses to stresses. The role of ubiquitination in connecting these pathways, particularly plant innate immunity and flowering, is largely unknown. Here, we report the dual roles for the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Plant U-box protein13 (PUB13) in defense and flowering time control. In vitro ubiquitination assays indicated that PUB13 is an active E3 ubiquitin ligase and that the intact U-box domain is required for the E3 ligase activity. Disruption of the PUB13 gene by T-DNA insertion results in spontaneous cell death, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid (SA), and elevated resistance to biotrophic pathogens but increased susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens. The cell death, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and resistance to necrotrophic pathogens in pub13 are enhanced when plants are pretreated with high humidity. Importantly, pub13 also shows early flowering under middle- and long-day conditions, in which the expression of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 and FLOWERING LOCUS T is induced while FLOWERING LOCUS C expression is suppressed. Finally, we found that two components involved in the SA-mediated signaling pathway, SID2 and PAD4, are required for the defense and flowering-time phenotypes caused by the loss of function of PUB13. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PUB13 acts as an important node connecting SA-dependent defense signaling and flowering time regulation in Arabidopsis.
Characterization of Genes Involved in Cytokinin Signaling and Metabolism from Rice
Authors: Tsai Yu-Chang , Weir Nicholas R. , Hill Kristine , Zhang Wenjing , Kim Hyo Jung , Shiu Shin-Han , Schaller G. Eric , Kieber Joseph J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Two-component signaling elements play important roles in plants, including a central role in cytokinin signaling. We characterized two-component elements from the monocot rice (Oryza sativa) using several complementary approaches. Phylogenetic analysis reveals relatively simple orthologous relationships among the histidine kinases in rice and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In contrast, the histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins (OsHPs) and response regulators (OsRRs) display a higher degree of lineage-specific expansion. The intracellular localizations of several OsHPs and OsRRs were examined in rice and generally found to correspond to the localizations of their dicot counterparts. The functionality of rice type-B OsRRs was tested in Arabidopsis; one from a clade composed of both monocot and dicot type-B OsRRs complemented an Arabidopsis type-B response regulator mutant, but a type-B OsRR from a monocot-specific subfamily generally did not. The expression of genes encoding two-component elements and proteins involved in cytokinin biosynthesis and degradation was analyzed in rice roots and shoots and in response to phytohormones. Nearly all type-A OsRRs and OsHK4 were up-regulated in response to cytokinin, but other cytokinin signaling elements were not appreciably affected. Furthermore, multiple cytokinin oxidase (OsCKX) genes were up-regulated by cytokinin. Abscisic acid treatment decreased the expression of several genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis and degradation. Auxin affected the expression of a few genes; brassinosteroid and gibberellin had only modest effects. Our results support a shared role for two-component elements in mediating cytokinin signaling in monocots and dicots and reveal how phytohormones can impact cytokinin function through modulating gene expression.
Plastids Are Major Regulators of Light Signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ruckle Michael E. , Burgoon Lyle D. , Lawrence Lauren A. , Sinkler Christopher A. , Larkin Robert M. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We previously provided evidence that plastid signaling regulates the downstream components of a light signaling network and that this signal integration coordinates chloroplast biogenesis with both the light environment and development by regulating gene expression. We tested these ideas by analyzing light- and plastid-regulated transcriptomes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found that the enrichment of Gene Ontology terms in these transcriptomes is consistent with the integration of light and plastid signaling (1) down-regulating photosynthesis and inducing both repair and stress tolerance in dysfunctional chloroplasts and (2) helping coordinate processes such as growth, the circadian rhythm, and stress responses with the degree of chloroplast function. We then tested whether factors that contribute to this signal integration are also regulated by light and plastid signals by characterizing T-DNA insertion alleles of genes that are regulated by light and plastid signaling and that encode proteins that are annotated as contributing to signaling, transcription, or no known function. We found that a high proportion of these mutant alleles induce chloroplast biogenesis during deetiolation. We quantified the expression of four photosynthesis-related genes in seven of these enhanced deetiolation (end) mutants and found that photosynthesis-related gene expression is attenuated. This attenuation is particularly striking for Photosystem II subunit S expression. We conclude that the integration of light and plastid signaling regulates a number of END genes that help optimize chloroplast function and that at least some END genes affect photosynthesis-related gene expression.
Randomised clinical trial: the safety and efficacy of long‐acting octreotide in patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Chandok N. , Kamath P. S. , Blei A. , Bosch J. , Carey W. , Grace N. , Kowdley K. V. , Benner K. , Groszmann R. J. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryBackgroundIt remains unclear whether a long‐acting preparation of octreotide (Sandostatin LAR) can be safely used for portal hypertension in patients with compensated cirrhosis.AimTo determine the safety and efficacy of LAR among patients with Child Pugh Class A or B cirrhosis and small oesophageal varices.MethodsA randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was conducted in 39 patients with cirrhosis and small oesophageal varices. Safety was based on frequency and severity of adverse events. Efficacy was determined by hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG) measured at baseline and day 84 following administration of LAR 10 mg (n = 15), 30 mg (n = 10) or saline (n = 14). Fasting and postprandial portal blood flow (PBF), superior mesenteric artery pulsatility index (SMA‐PI), glucagon and octreotide levels were measured. An intention‐to‐treat analysis was performed.ResultsFour patients in the LAR 30 group (40%) withdrew from the study due to serious adverse events. No patient in the LAR 10 or control group had serious adverse events. There was no statistically significant decrease between HVPG at day 84 and baseline with LAR 30 mg (11.8 ± 2.3 mmHg vs. 14.1 ± 3.2), LAR 10 mg (15.3 ± 4.8 mmHg vs. 15.1 ± 3.8), or saline (13.3 ± 3.8 mmHg vs. 15.1 ± 4.3) (P = 0.26). Neither PBF, SMA‐PI nor plasma glucagon levels were significantly decreased from baseline (P = 0.56).ConclusionsThe absence of significant haemodynamic benefit, as well as the high frequency of severe adverse events associated with use of LAR, do not support the use of this agent in the treatment of portal hypertension.
Contribution of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 to the formation of the active nortilidine from the prodrug tilidine
Authors: Grün Barbara , Merkel Ulrike , Riedel Klaus‐Dieter , Weiss Johanna , Mikus Gerd 
Published: March 2012

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• The analgesic activity of tilidine is mediated by its active metabolite, nortilidine, which easily penetrates the blood–brain barrier and binds to the µ‐opioid receptor as a potent agonist.• Tilidine undergoes an extensive first‐pass metabolism, which has been suggested to be mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP2C19; furthermore, strong inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 by voriconazole increased exposure of nortilidine, probably by inhibition of further metabolism.• The novel CYP2C19 gene variant CYP2C19*17 causes ultrarapid drug metabolism, in contrast to the *2 and *3 variants, which result in impaired drug metabolism.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• Using a panel study with CYP2C19 ultrarapid and poor metabolizers, a major contribution of polymorphic CYP2C19 on tilidine metabolic elimination can be excluded.• The potent CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir alters the sequential metabolism of tilidine, substantially reducing the partial metabolic clearances of tilidine to nortilidine and nortilidine to bisnortilidine, which increases the nortilidine exposure twofold.• The lowest clearance in overall tilidine elimination is the N‐demethylation of nortilidine to bisnortilidine. Inhibition of this step leads to accumulation of the active nortilidine.AIMS To investigate in vivo the effect of the CYP2C19 genotype on the pharmacokinetics of tilidine and the contribution of CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 to the formation of nortilidine using potent CYP3A4 inhibition by ritonavir.METHODS Fourteen healthy volunteers (seven CYP2C19 poor and seven ultrarapid metabolizers) received ritonavir orally (300 mg twice daily) for 3 days or placebo, together with a single oral dose of tilidine and naloxone (100 mg and 4 mg, respectively). Blood samples and urine were collected for 72 h. Noncompartmental analysis was performed to determine pharmacokinetic parameters of tilidine, nortilidine, bisnortilidine and ritonavir.RESULTS Tilidine exposure increased sevenfold and terminal elimination half‐life fivefold during ritonavir treatment, but no significant differences were observed between the CYP2C19 genotypes. During ritonavir treatment, nortilidine area under the concentration–time curve was on average doubled, with no differences between CYP2C19 poor metabolizers [2242 h ng ml−1 (95% confidence interval 1811–2674) vs. 996 h ng ml−1 (95% confidence interval 872–1119)] and ultrarapid metabolizers [2074 h ng ml−1 (95% confidence interval 1353–2795) vs. 1059 h ng ml−1 (95% confidence interval 789–1330)]. The plasma concentration–time curve of the secondary metabolite, bisnortilidine, showed a threefold increase of time to reach maximal observed plasma concentration; however, area under the concentration–time curve was not altered by ritonavir.CONCLUSIONS The sequential metabolism of tilidine is inhibited by the potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, ritonavir, independent of the CYP2C19 genotype, with a twofold increase in the exposure of the active nortilidine.
Evaluation of a bibliotherapy manual for reducing psychological distress in people with depression: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Songprakun Wallapa , McCann Terence V. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim.  This article reports a study to evaluate the efficacy of a self‐help manual in reducing psychological distress in individuals with moderate depression.Background.  The prevalence of depression in Thailand is increasing markedly (e.g. from 56–197 per 100,000 population between 1997–2007).Design.  We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 54 outpatients with depression in Chiang Mai Province in Thailand.Method.  Participants were assigned randomly to an intervention or control group. The intervention group participants were given a self‐help manual in addition to standard care and treatment while the control group received standard care and treatment. Psychological distress was measured with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Data were collected between October 2007–April 2008.Results.  The findings showed statistically significant differences between both groups in their levels of psychological distress (e.g. tiredness, hopelessness, restlessness). At post‐test, the distress scores of the intervention group were lower than those in the control group. Between post‐test and 1‐month follow‐up, distress scores continued to decrease steadily in the intervention group but only decreased slightly in the control group.Conclusion.  The findings affirm the benefits of bibliotherapy or self‐help therapy in book form in helping to reduce psychological distress in people with moderate depression. The approach is easy to use and can be incorporated as an adjunct to standard care and treatment. Bibliotherapy can be used by community mental health nurses and other clinicians to reduce psychological distress and promote recovery in people with moderate depression.
Patient and visitor violence in the general hospital, occurrence, staff interventions and consequences: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Hahn Sabine , Hantikainen Virpi , Needham Ian , Kok Gerjo , Dassen Theo , Halfens Ruud J.G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim.  This study focuses on the experience of healthcare staff with regard to patient and visitor violence in a general hospital. The occurrence of patient and visitor violence, staffs’ interventions and the consequences of violence for different professions are investigated.Background.  There is a lack of studies describing the factors influencing the occurrence of patient and visitor violence, intervention strategies and consequences. Existing studies often focus on nurses’ experiences and single interactive factors between staff and patients/visitors involved.Design.  A cross‐sectional survey.Method.  The survey was conducted in 2007 including 2495 staff working on different wards in a Swiss university general hospital. The questionnaire used was the Survey of Violence Experienced by Staff German Version‐Revised.Findings.  Half of the staff experienced patient and visitor violence in the past 12 months and 11% in the past week. The age of the staff and the length of experience in their present workplace influenced the exposure to patient and visitor violence. Violence occurred mainly when staff carried out tasks involving close personal contact. Only 16% of the staff was trained in aggression management. The feeling of confidence in managing patient and visitor violence depended significantly on the organizational attitude towards violence. The principal interventions used were calming and informative discussion.Conclusion.  To prevent patient and visitor violence and improve management strategies, training which focuses on communication skills, which is specific to the professional context and which emphasizes patient centeredness, need to be designed and implemented. A strong organizational commitment is imperative to reduce violence.
Procedural pain and anxiety in paediatric patients in a Mexican emergency department
Authors: Ortiz Mario I. , López‐Zarco Mayeli , Arreola‐Bautista Edna J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim.  This article is a report of a study carried out to investigate the procedures that are likely to induce pain and anxiety in children in a Mexican emergency department.Background.  In emergency rooms, children often experience unpredictable diagnostic and therapeutic procedural‐related pain that can be associated with considerable anxiety.Design.  A prospective, descriptive and cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of procedures or situations that probably induced anxiety and/or pain in children in an emergency room.Methods.  Procedural pain and anxiety were evaluated in children and adolescents (8–16 years) who were admitted to the emergency department of a paediatric hospital between February–September 2010. Children rated their pain and anxiety using a 100‐mm visual analogue scale.Results.  A total of 252 children with a mean age of 10·1 years were evaluated. Four‐hundred fifty‐nine procedures were completed, with an average of 1·82 events/child. Of these procedures, 369 (80·4%) were rated painful and 357 (77·8%) were rated stressful. The most frequently reported procedural pain or stressful episodes were peripheral catheterization, clinical examination and vascular puncture. Overall, 32·5% of the painful events were rated severe, 32·0% were rated moderate and 35·5% were rated slight. However, 30% of the stressful events were rated severe, 38·9% were rated moderate and 31·1% were rated slight. Peripheral catheterization was rated severe in 58 children (33·9%), moderate in 55 children (32·2%) and slight in 58 (33·9%) children.Conclusion.  This study provides data on common emergency department procedures that cause pain and anxiety in children and young adolescents. Healthcare providers must consider the best psychological and pharmacological interventions to reduce procedural anxiety and pain.
An ethnographic study exploring the role of ward‐based Advanced Nurse Practitioners in an acute medical setting
Authors: Williamson Susan , Twelvetree Timothy , Thompson Jacqueline , Beaver Kinta 
Published: March 2012

williamson s., twelvetree t., thompson j. & beaver k. (2012) An ethnographic study exploring the role of ward‐based Advanced Nurse Practitioners in an acute medical setting. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(7), 1579–1588.AbstractAim.  This article is a report of a study that aimed to examine the role of ward‐based Advanced Nurse Practitioners and their impact on patient care and nursing practice.Background.  Revised doctor/nurse skill mix combined with a focus on improving quality of care while reducing costs has had an impact on healthcare delivery in the western world. Diverse advanced nursing practice roles have developed and their function has varied globally over the last decade. However, roles and expectations for ward‐based Advanced Nurse Practitioners lack clarity, which may hinder effective contribution to practice.Design.  An ethnographic approach was used to explore the advanced nurse practitioner role.Methods.  Participant observation and interviews of five ward‐based Advanced Nurse Practitioners working in a large teaching hospital in the North West of England during 2009 were complemented by formal and informal interviews with staff and patients. Data were descriptive and broken down into themes, patterns and processes to enable interpretation and explanation.Results.  The overarching concept that ran through data analysis was that of Advanced Nurse Practitioners as a lynchpin, using their considerable expertise, networks and insider knowledge of health care not only to facilitate patient care but to develop a pivotal role facilitating nursing and medical practice. Sub‐themes included enhancing communication and practice, acting as a role model, facilitating the patients’ journey and pioneering the role.Conclusion.  Ward‐based Advanced Nurse Practitioners are pivotal and necessary for providing quality holistic patient care and their role can be defined as more than junior doctor substitutes.