bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transgenic Eimeria tenella Expressing Enhanced Yellow Fluorescent Protein Targeted to Different Cellular Compartments Stimulated Dichotomic Immune Responses in Chickens
Authors: Huang Xiaoxi , Zou Jun , Xu Hanqian , Ding Ye , Yin Guangwen , Liu Xianyong , Suo Xun 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Eimeria tenella, one of the seven species of chicken coccidia, elicits protective immunity against challenge infection with both homologous and heterologous strains. We endeavor to use recombinant E. tenella as a vaccine vehicle for expressing and delivering pathogen Ags and investigate immune responses against these foreign Ags. In this study, two lines of transgenic E. tenella expressing a model Ag, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP), targeted to the micronemes and to the cytoplasm of the recombinant parasites were constructed to study the impact of Ag compartmentalization on immunogenicity. The MTT assay, intracellular cytokine staining, and real-time PCR were performed to detect the EYFP-specific proliferation and effector functions of splenic lymphocytes of immunized chickens. ELISA was used to measure anti-EYFP IgG and IgA responses. The results showed that both lines of transgenic parasites stimulated EYFP-specific lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ expression in CD4 and CD8 T cells, whereas a higher level of Ag-specific lymphocyte proliferation was elicited by the transgenic line expressing microneme-targeted EYFP. Furthermore, this line stimulated stronger IgA response than the one expressing cytoplasm-targeted EYFP after the second immunization. Our findings are encouraging for further investigation of the effect of Ag compartmentalization in transgenic Eimeria on immunogenicity and for the development of a eukaryotic vaccine vector using genetically modified Apicomplexa parasites.
Cancer Immunoediting of the NK Group 2D Ligand H60a
Authors: O’Sullivan Timothy , Dunn Gavin P. , Lacoursiere Daphne Y. , Schreiber Robert D. , Bui Jack D. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Cancer immunoediting describes the process whereby highly immunogenic tumor cells are removed, or edited, from the primary tumor repertoire by the immune system. In immunodeficient mice, the editing process is hampered, and “unedited” tumor cells can be recovered and studied. In this study, we compared unedited and edited tumors for their expression of NK group 2D (NKG2D) ligands, a family of surface proteins expressed on tumor cells that can activate NK cell cytotoxic activity. We found that the expression of the NKG2D ligand H60a was more heterogeneous in groups of unedited 3′-methylcholanthrene sarcoma cell lines compared with that in edited 3′-methylcholanthrene sarcoma cell lines (i.e., some unedited cell lines expressed very high levels of H60a, whereas other unedited and edited cell lines expressed very low levels). We also found that some highly immunogenic cell lines displayed a bimodal distribution consisting of H60a-hi and H60a-lo cells. In one of these cell lines, the H60a-hi cells could be removed by passaging the cells through RAG2−/− mice, resulting in edited cell lines that were poor targets for NK cells and that displayed progressive tumor growth. This editing of H60a-hi cells required NK cells and NKG2D. Our studies show that the expression of H60a on tumors cells can be actively modulated by the immune system, thereby implicating this NKG2D ligand in tumor immunosurveillance.
TCR-Induced Activation of LFA-1 Involves Signaling through Tiam1
Authors: Grönholm Mikaela , Jahan Farhana , Marchesan Silvia , Karvonen Ulla , Aatonen Maria , Narumanchi Suneeta , Gahmberg Carl G. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Adhesion is pivotal for most leukocyte functions, and the β2 integrin family of adhesion molecules plays a central role. The integrins need activation to become functional, but the molecular events resulting in adhesion have remained incompletely understood. In human T cells, activation through the TCR results in specific phosphorylation of the T758 on the β2 chain of LFA-1. We now show that this phosphorylation leads to downstream binding of 14-3-3 proteins, followed by engagement of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor protein Tiam1 and Rac1 activation. Downregulation of the signaling molecules inhibits LFA-1 activity. Activation by the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1α also results in T758 phosphorylation and integrin activation. Thus, TCR and chemokine activation converges on LFA-1 phosphorylation, followed by similar downstream events affecting adhesion.
Classic and Mirabolic Robinson–Schensted–Knuth Correspondence for Partial Flags
Authors: Rosso Daniele 
Published: August 2011

Abstract In this paper we first generalize to the case of partial flags a result proved both by Spaltenstein and by Steinberg that relates the relative position of two complete flags and the irreducible components of the flag variety in which they lie, using the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence. Then we use this result to generalize the mirabolic Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence defined by Travkin, to the case of two partial flags and a line.
Surgeon and Surgical Trainee Experiences After Adverse Patient Events
Authors: Ginzberg Sara P. , Gasior Julia A. , Passman Jesse E. , Stein Jacob , Keddem Shimrit , Soegaard Ballester Jacqueline M. , Finn Caitlin B. , Myers Jennifer S. , Kelz Rachel R. , Shea Judy A. , Wachtel Heather 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceAdverse patient events are inevitable in surgical practice.ObjectivesTo characterize the impact of adverse patient events on surgeons and trainees, identify coping mechanisms, and assess whether current forms of support are sufficient.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this mixed-methods study, a validated survey instrument was adapted and distributed to surgical trainees from 7 programs, and qualitative interviews were conducted with faculty from 4 surgical departments in an urban academic health system.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe personal impact of adverse patient events, current coping mechanisms, and desired forms of support.ResultsOf 216 invited trainees, 93 (43.1%) completed the survey (49 [52.7%] male; 60 [64.5%] in third postgraduate year or higher; 23 [24.7%] Asian or Pacific Islander, 6 [6.5%] Black, 51 [54.8%] White, and 8 [8.6%] other race; 13 [14.0%] Hispanic or Latinx ethnicity). Twenty-three of 29 (79.3%) invited faculty completed interviews (13 [56.5%] male; median [IQR] years in practice, 11.0 [7.5-20.0]). Of the trainees, 77 (82.8%) endorsed involvement in at least 1 recent adverse event. Most reported embarrassment (67 of 79 trainees [84.8%]), rumination (64 of 78 trainees [82.1%]), and fear of attempting future procedures (51 of 78 trainees [65.4%]); 28 of 78 trainees (35.9%) had considered quitting. Female trainees and trainees who identified as having a race and/or ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White consistently reported more negative consequences compared with male and White trainees. The most desired form of support was the opportunity to discuss the incident with an attending physician (76 of 78 respondents [97.4%]). Similarly, faculty described feelings of guilt and shame, loss of confidence, and distraction after adverse events. Most described the utility of confiding in peers and senior colleagues, although some expressed unwillingness to reach out. Several suggested designating a departmental point person for event debriefing.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this mixed-methods study of the personal impact of adverse events on surgeons and trainees, these events were nearly universally experienced and caused significant distress. Providing formal support mechanisms for both surgical trainees and faculty may decrease stigma and restore confidence, particularly for underrepresented groups.
Type 1 Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Nolte Christian H. , von Rennenberg Regina , Litmeier Simon , Leistner David M. , Szabo Kristina , Baumann Stefan , Mengel Annerose , Michalski Dominik , Siepmann Timo , Blankenberg Stephan , Petzold Gabor C. , Dichgans Martin , Katus Hugo , Pieske Burkert , Regitz-Zagrosek Vera , Braemswig Tim Bastian , Rangus Ida , Pepic Amra , Vettorazzi Eik , Zeiher Andreas M. , Scheitz Jan F. , Wegscheider Karl , Landmesser Ulf , Endres Matthias 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceElevated values of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) are common in patients with acute ischemic stroke and are associated with poor prognosis. However, diagnostic and therapeutic implications in patients with ischemic stroke remain unclear.ObjectiveTo identify factors indicative of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with acute ischemic stroke and hs-cTn elevation. The primary hypothesis was that a dynamic change of hs-cTn values (&amp;gt;50% change) in patients with acute ischemic stroke indicates MI.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was a prospective, observational study with blinded end-point assessment conducted across 26 sites in Germany. Patients were included if they had acute ischemic stroke within 72 hours and either (1) highly elevated hs-cTn values on admission (&amp;gt;52 ng/L) or (2) hs-cTn levels above the upper limit of normal and a greater than 20% change at repeated measurements. Patients were enrolled between August 2018 and October 2020 and had 1 year of follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed between April 2022 and August 2023.ExposureStandardized electrocardiography, echocardiography, and coronary angiography.Main Outcome and MeasuresDiagnosis of MI as adjudicated by an independent end-point committee based on the findings of electrocardiography, echocardiography, and coronary angiography.ResultsIn total, 254 patients were included. End points were adjudicated in 247 patients (median [IQR] age, 75 [66-82] years; 117 were female [47%] and 130 male [53%]). MI was present in 126 of 247 patients (51%) and classified as type 1 MI in 50 patients (20%). Dynamic change in hs-cTn value was not associated with MI in univariable (32% vs 38%; χ2﻿ P = .30) or adjusted comparison (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.31-3.33). The baseline absolute hs-cTn value was independently associated with type 1 MI. The best cutoffs for predicting type 1 MI were at hs-cTn values 5 to 10 times the upper limit normal.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that in patients with acute ischemic stroke, a dynamic change in hs-cTn values did not identify MI, underscoring that dynamic changes do not identify the underlying pathophysiological mechanism. In exploratory analyses, very high absolute hs-cTn values were associated with a diagnosis of type 1 MI. Further studies are needed how to best identify patients with stroke who should undergo coronary angiography.
Quasi‐Homoepitaxial Growth of Highly Strained Alkali‐Metal Ultrathin Films on Kagome Superconductors
Authors: Kato Takemi , Nakayama Kosuke , Li Yongkai , Wang Zhiwei , Sugawara Katsuaki , Tanaka Kiyohisa , Takahashi Takashi , Yao Yugui , Sato Takafumi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractApplying lattice strain to thin films, a critical factor to tailor their properties such as stabilizing a structural phase unstable at ambient pressure, generally necessitates heteroepitaxial growth to control the lattice mismatch with substrate. Therefore, while homoepitaxy, the growth of thin film on a substrate made of the same material, is a useful method to fabricate high‐quality thin films, its application to studying strain‐induced structural phases is limited. Contrary to this general belief, here the quasi‐homoepitaxial growth of Cs and Rb thin films is reported with substantial in‐plane compressive strain. This is achieved by utilizing the alkali‐metal layer existing in bulk crystal of kagome metals AV3Sb5 (A = Cs and Rb) as a structural template. The angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal the formation of metallic quantum well states and notable thickness‐dependent quasiparticle lifetime. Comparison with density functional theory calculations suggests that the obtained thin films crystalize in the face‐centered cubic structure, which is typically stable only under high pressure in bulk crystals. These findings provide a useful approach for synthesizing highly strained thin films by quasi‐homoepitaxy, and pave the way for investigating many‐body interactions in Fermi liquids with tunable dimensionality.
TRIM24 Cooperates with Ras Mutation to Drive Glioma Progression through snoRNA Recruitment of PHAX and DNA‐PKcs
Authors: Xu Chenxin , Chen Guoyu , Yu Bo , Sun Bowen , Zhang Yingwen , Zhang Mingda , Yang Yi , Xiao Yichuan , Cheng Shi‐Yuan , Li Yanxin , Feng Haizhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe factors driving glioma progression remain poorly understood. Here, the epigenetic regulator TRIM24 is identified as a driver of glioma progression, where TRIM24 overexpression promotes HRasV12 anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) progression into epithelioid GBM (Ep‐GBM)‐like tumors. Co‐transfection of TRIM24 with HRasV12 also induces Ep‐GBM‐like transformation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) with tumor protein p53 gene (TP53) knockdown. Furthermore, TRIM24 is highly expressed in clinical Ep‐GBM specimens. Using single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐Seq), the authors show that TRIM24 overexpression impacts both intratumoral heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment. Mechanically, HRasV12 activates phosphorylated adaptor for RNA export (PHAX) and upregulates U3 small nucleolar RNAs (U3 snoRNAs) to recruit Ku‐dependent DNA‐dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA‐PKcs). Overexpressed TRIM24 is also recruited by PHAX to U3 snoRNAs, thereby facilitating DNA‐PKcs phosphorylation of TRIM24 at S767/768 residues. Phosphorylated TRIM24 induces epigenome and transcription factor network reprogramming and promotes Ep‐GBM‐like transformation. Targeting DNA‐PKcs with the small molecule inhibitor NU7441 synergizes with temozolomide to reduce Ep‐GBM tumorigenicity and prolong animal survival. These findings provide new insights into the epigenetic regulation of Ep‐GBM‐like transformation and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with Ep‐GBM.
Two‐Stage Mixed‐Dye‐Based Isothermal Amplification with Ribonuclease‐Cleavable Enhanced Probes for Dual‐Visualization Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 Variants of Interest
Authors: Ding Xiong , Wang Yaru , Gui Yuxin , Yang Chuankun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRapid and visual detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants is vital for timely assessment of variant transmission in resource‐limited settings. Here, a closed‐tube, two‐stage, mixed‐dye‐based isothermal amplification method with ribonuclease‐cleavable enhanced probes (REP), termed REP‐TMAP, for dual‐visualization detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants including JN.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, and Delta is introduced. The first stage of REP‐TMAP is reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification and the second stage is dual‐visualization detection synergistically mediated by the REP and the mixed dyes of cresol red and hydroxy naphthol blue. In REP‐TMAP reaction, the color change under ambient light indicates SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, while the fluorescence change under blue light excitation specifies variant type. On detecting transcribed RNA of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike gene, this assay is rapid (within 40 min), highly sensitive (10–200 copies per reaction), and highly specific (identification of single‐base mutations). Furthermore, the assay has been clinically validated to accurately detect JN.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 variants from 102 human oropharyngeal swabs. The proposed assay therefore holds great potentials to provide a rapid, dual‐visualization, sensitive, specific, point‐of‐care detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and beyond.
The link between ancient whole‐genome duplications and cold adaptations in the Caryophyllaceae
Authors: Feng Keyi , Walker Joseph F. , Marx Hannah E. , Yang Ya , Brockington Samuel F. , Moore Michael J. , Rabeler Richard K. , Smith Stephen A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPremiseThe Caryophyllaceae (the carnation family) have undergone multiple transitions into colder climates and convergence on cushion plant adaptation, indicating that they may provide a natural system for cold adaptation research. Previous research has suggested that putative ancient whole‐genome duplications (WGDs) are correlated with niche shifts into colder climates across the Caryophyllales. Here, we explored the genomic changes potentially involved in one of these discovered shifts in the Caryophyllaceae.MethodsWe constructed a data set combining 26 newly generated transcriptomes with 45 published transcriptomes, including 11 cushion plant species across seven genera. With this data set, we inferred a dated phylogeny for the Caryophyllaceae and mapped ancient WGDs and gene duplications onto the phylogeny. We also examined functional groups enriched for gene duplications related to the climatic shift.ResultsThe ASTRAL topology was mostly congruent with the current consensus of relationships within the family. We inferred 15 putative ancient WGDs in the family, including eight that have not been previously published. The oldest ancient WGD (ca. 64.4–56.7 million years ago), WGD1, was found to be associated with a shift into colder climates by previous research. Gene regions associated with ubiquitination were overrepresented in gene duplications retained after WGD1 and those convergently retained by cushion plants in Colobanthus and Eremogone, along with other functional annotations.ConclusionsGene family expansions induced by ancient WGDs may have contributed to the shifts to cold climatic niches in the Caryophyllaceae. Transcriptomic data are crucial resources that help unravel heterogeneity in deep‐time evolutionary patterns in plants.
The role of induction chemotherapy for orbital invasion in sinonasal malignancies: A systematic review
Authors: Tang Anthony , Calcaterra Michael , Harris Micah , Gardner Paul A. , Zenonos Georgios A. , Stefko S. Tonya , Geltzeiler Mathew , Zandberg Dan P. , Snyderman Carl H. , Wang Eric W. , Choby Garret 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSinonasal malignancies (SNMs) frequently present with orbital invasion. Orbital exenteration (OE) can lead to significant morbidity. Induction chemotherapy (IC) is a promising treatment alternative that may allow for orbit preserving (OP) treatments without compromising patient survival. This systematic review was conducted to synthesize the published data on SNM patients with orbital invasion who underwent IC, including tumor response, orbital outcomes, and survival.MethodsThe study protocol was designed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. Databases Embase, Cochrane, Medline, and Scopus, from inception to July 17, 2023, were searched.ResultsNineteen studies were included, encompassing 305 SNM patients with orbital invasion treated with IC. Fourteen studies reported an overall IC response rate (positive response defined as complete or partial tumor volume reduction) of 77.2%. Among included studies, OE rates after IC ranged from 0 to 40%. Three studies reported a high rate of posttreatment functional orbital preservation (89.8–96.0%). Five studies specifically reported that 62.5% (60 out of 96) of patients were downgraded from planned OE to OP treatment following IC. Three studies reported a significant overall survival (OS) improvement in IC responders versus IC nonresponders. Following IC, 5‐year OS ranged from 44.2 to 55.5%. Patients with olfactory neuroblastoma demonstrated the highest IC response rate and lowest OE rate (100 and 0%, respectively) versus those with sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas (68.4 and 0%) or squamous cell carcinomas (76.7 and 16%).ConclusionsFor select patients, IC may allow for OP in locally advanced SNMs with orbital involvement.
Unusual Regio‐ and Chemoselectivity in Oxidation of Pyrroles and Indoles Enabled by a Thianthrenium Salt Intermediate
Authors: Hann Jodie L. , Lyall Catherine L. , Kociok‐Köhn Gabriele , Faverio Chiara , Pantoş G. Dan , Lewis Simon E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA dearomative oxidation of pyrroles to Δ3‐pyrrol‐2‐ones is described, which employs a sulfoxide as oxidant, in conjunction with a carboxylic acid anhydride and a Brønsted acid additive. 3‐substituted pyrroles undergo regioselective oxidation to give the product isomer in which oxygen has been introduced at the more hindered position. Regioselectivity is rationalized by a proposed mechanism that proceeds by initial thianthrenium introduction at the less‐hindered pyrrole α‐position, followed by distal attack of an oxygen nucleophile and subsequent elimination of thianthrene. The same reaction conditions are also able to effect a chemoselective oxidation of indoles to indolin‐3‐ones and additionally of indolin‐3‐ones to 2‐hydroxyindolin‐3‐ones. Here again, the regio‐ and chemoselectivities are rationalized through the intermediacy of a thianthrenium salt.
Synergy of Photogenerated Electrons and Holes toward Efficient Photocatalytic Urea Synthesis from CO2 and N2
Authors: Zhang Yida , Sun Yingjie , Wang Qingyu , Zhuang Zechao , Ma Zhentao , Liu Limin , Wang Gongming , Wang Dingsheng , Zheng Xusheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDirectly coupling N2 and CO2 to synthesize urea by photocatalysis paves a sustainable route for urea synthesis, but its performance is limited by the competition of photogenerated electrons between N2 and CO2, as well as the underutilized photogenerated holes. Herein, we report an efficient urea synthesis process involving photogenerated electrons and holes in respectively converting CO2 and N2 over a redox heterojunction consisting of WO3 and Ni single‐atom‐decorated CdS (Ni1‐CdS/WO3). For the photocatalytic urea synthesis from N2 and CO2 in pure water, Ni1‐CdS/WO3 attained a urea yield rate of 78 μM h−1 and an apparent quantum yield of 0.15 % at 385 nm, which ranked among the best photocatalytic urea synthesis performance reported. Mechanistic studies reveal that the N2 was converted into NO species by ⋅OH radicals generated from photogenerated holes over the WO3 component, meanwhile, the CO2 was transformed into *CO species over the Ni site by photogenerated electrons. The generated NO and *CO species were further coupled to form *OCNO intermediate, then gradually transformed into urea. This work emphasizes the importance of reasonably utilizing photogenerated holes in photocatalytic reduction reactions.
Chiral Sulfoximine Mediated Cobalt‐Catalyzed Atropselective C−H Annulation of Ynamides
Authors: Sau Somratan , Kanikarapu Suresh , Gandon Vincent , Sahoo Akhila K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn achiral Cp*Co(III)‐catalyzed enantioselective C−H activation/annulation of chiral sulfoximine‐enabled thioamides with ynamides is presented herein. This method successfully synthesizes axially chiral five‐membered 2‐amidoindenones with good enantiocontrol. Interestingly, the annulation with chiral oxazolidone‐containing ynamides could provide a separable mixture of diastereomers (up to ~10 : 1 dr). Moreover, enantiopure sulfoximines could be recovered with ~99 % purity, making this method practical. DFT studies show valuable insight into the mechanism and origin of asymmetric induction.