bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Objects With Feet Advances Movement in Infants Born Preterm: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Heathcock Jill C. , Galloway James C. (Cole) 
Published: August 2009

Background: Previous work has shown that full-term infants who were healthy contacted a toy with their feet several weeks before they did so with their hands and that movement training advanced feet reaching. Certain populations of preterm infants are delayed in hand reaching; however, feet reaching has not been investigated in any preterm population.Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether preterm infants born at less than 33 weeks of gestational age contacted a toy with their feet at 2 months of corrected age, before doing so with their hands, and whether movement training advanced feet reaching.Design: This study was a randomized controlled trial.Methods: Twenty-six infants born preterm were randomly assigned to receive daily movement training or daily social training. During the 8-week training period, the infants were videotaped in a testing session every other week from 2 to 4 months of age.Results: Both groups contacted the toy with their feet at 2 months of age during the first testing session prior to training, at an age when no infants consistently contacted the toy with their hands. After 8 weeks of training, the movement training group displayed a greater number and longer duration of foot-toy contacts compared with the social training group.Conclusions: These results suggest that movement experiences advance feet reaching as they do for hand reaching. For clinicians, feet-oriented play may provide an early intervention strategy to encourage object interaction for movement impairments within the first months of postnatal life. Future studies can build on these results to test the long-term benefit of encouraging early purposeful leg movements.
Endovascular treatment of very small intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Ioannidis Ioannis , Lalloo Shivendra , Corkill Rufus , Kuker Wilhelm , Byrne James V. 
Published: August 2009

Object
Endovascular treatment of very small aneurysms poses a significant technical challenge for endovascular therapists. The authors review their experience with a series of patients who had intracranial aneurysms smaller than 3 mm in diameter.

Methods
Between 1995 and 2006, 97 very small aneurysms (defined for purposes of this study as < 3 mm in diameter) were diagnosed in 94 patients who were subsequently referred for endovascular treatment. All patients presented after subarachnoid hemorrhage, which was attributed to the very small aneurysms in 85 patients. The authors reviewed the endovascular treatment, the clinical and angiographic results of the embolization, and the complications.

Results
Five (5.2%) of the 97 endovascular procedures failed, and these patients underwent craniotomy and clip ligation. Of the 92 aneurysms successfully treated by coil embolization, 64 (69.6%) were completely occluded and 28 (30.4%) showed minor residual filling or neck remnants on the immediate postembolization angiogram. Complications occurred in 7 (7.2%) of 97 procedures during the treatment (3 thromboembolic events [3.1%] and 4 intraprocedural ruptures [4.1%]). Seventy-six patients were followed up angiographically; 4 (5.3%) of these 76 showed angiographic evidence of recanalization that required retreatment. The clinical outcomes for the 76 patients were also graded using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. In 61 (80.3%) cases the outcomes were graded 4 or 5, whereas in 15 (19.7%) they were graded 3. Seven patients (7.4%) died (GOS Grade 1), 2 due to procedure-related complications (intraoperative rupture) and 5 due to complications related to the presenting subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Conclusions
Endosaccular coil embolization of very small aneurysms is associated with relatively high rates of intraprocedural rupture, especially intraoperative rupture. With the advent of more sophisticated endovascular materials (microcatheters and microguidewires, soft and ultrasoft coils, and stents) endovascular procedures have become feasible and can lead to a good angiographic outcome.
Neuropsychological Measures of Processing Speed and Executive Functioning in Combat Veterans with PTSD, TBI, and Comorbid TBI/PTSD
Authors: Campbell Thomas A. , Nelson Lonnie A. , Lumpkin Robin , Yoash-Gantz Ruth E. , Pickett Treven C. , McCormick Cortney L. 
Published: August 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Evaluate measures of processing speed and executive functioning in OEF/OIF combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and comorbid TBI/PTSD.

2.
Assess the role that comorbid TBI/PTSD may play in the speed of verbal processing.

3.
Justify potential reasons slowed speed of verbal processing may impact therapies for PTSD.
Children of Deployed National Guard Troops: Perceptions of Parental Deployment to Operation Iraqi Freedom
Authors: Houston J. Brian , Pfefferbaum Betty , Sherman Michelle D. , Melson Ashley G. , Jeon-Slaughter Haekyung , Brand Michael W. , Jarman Yana 
Published: August 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Assess what is known about how deployment affects children of military personnel.

2.
Evaluate how children perceive and think about the experience of having a parent deployed to active combat.

3.
Choose suggestions for how clinicians and family members can help children cope with having a parent deployed to active combat.
The Prevalence of PTSD across War Eras and the Effect of Deployment on PTSD: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Magruder Kathryn M. , Yeager Derik E. 
Published: August 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Summarize the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that is associated with deployment.

2.
Assess how this risk may differ by war era.

3.
Evaluate the impact of study methods on PTSD prevalence.
Central Ablation Depth and Postoperative Refraction in Excimer Laser Myopic Correction Measured With Ultrasound, Scheimpflug, and Optical Coherence Pachymetry
Authors: Arbelaez Maria Clara , Vidal Camila , Mosquera Samuel Arba 
Published: August 2009

Purpose:
To compare measurements of ultrasound, Scheimpflug, and optical coherence pachymetric techniques to describe ablated depth after myopic astigmatic corneal laser refractive surgery and achieved refractive correction.

Methods:
Ninety-six myopic astigmatism treatments using LASIK or LASEK in 58 patients with 3-month followup were retrospectively analyzed. In all cases, standard examinations, pre-/postoperative corneal topography, ocular aberrometry, and pachymetry were performed. SCHWIND Custom Ablation Manager (CAM) software and the ESIRIS laser were used for planning treatments and performing ablations. Outcomes were evaluated in terms of predictability, safety, and wavefront aberration. Pachymetry was taken before treatment (ultrasound [DGH Pachette 2], Scheimpflug [Oculus Pentacam HR], and optical coherence pachymetry [OCP] [Heidelberg-Engineering OCP]), after lifting the flap (Pachette 2, OCP), immediately after finishing ablation (Pachette 2, OCP), and at 3-month follow-up (Pachette 2, Pentacam HR).

Results:

At 3 months, 87 (91%) of eyes achieved 20/20 UCVA, and 89 (93%) of eyes were within ±0.50 diopters (D). Postoperative mean spherical equivalent refraction was −0.15±0.30 D. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved in 30 (31%) of eyes. Differential pachymetry correlated to intended central ablation depth for all techniques: r
2
=0.60,
P
<.0001, slope 0.81 for ultrasound; r
2
=0.75,
P
<.0001, slope 0.97 for Scheimpflug; and r
2
=0.76,
P
<.0001, slope 1.03 for OCP. Relative differential pachymetry correlated only marginally to achieved refractive correction for ultrasound and OCP.

Conclusions:

Differential pachymetry is a metric useful for describing intended central ablation depth but not for achieved refractive correction. The rotating Scheimpflug technique offers the best estimation (closest slope to 1) and OCP offers the best correlation (closest r
2
to 1) for describing intended central ablation depth achieved. The three techniques give different measurements for ablation depth, with OCP being substantially different from ultrasound and Scheimpflug. Only borderline correlations were obtained for achieved refractive correction with ultrasound and OCP. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:699–708.]
Age and Refraction in 46,000 Patients as a Potential Predictor of Refractive Stability After Refractive Surgery
Authors: Sayegh Fouad N. 
Published: August 2009

Purpose:
To analyze the process of emmetropization and determine the potential for progression of refractive error following refractive surgery.

Methods:
The prevalence of refractive error was retrospectively examined in 46,384 consecutive patients (77,124 eyes) at an outpatient clinic in Amman, Jordan. Biometry was also obtained in 4240 eyes. Correlation of axial length and corneal power as a function of age was determined based on these data.

Results:
Patients were distributed into four distinct groups: emmetropia, hyperopia, low to moderate myopia, and high (>6.00 diopters [D]) myopia. The prevalence of myopia was found to be 23.8%. High myopia occurred in 3.8% of patients, and 17.5% of patients were hyperopic. Patients with <1.00 D of myopia at age 10 and <3.00 D of myopia at the time of refractive surgery had a stable refraction at age 18. In patients with high myopia, 7.4% demonstrated a progression of corneal power and axial length that does not stabilize until age 30. Finally, the refractive error of hyperopic patients tended to progress from age 30 to age 50.

Conclusions:

Myopes with <1.00 D of myopia at age 10 and <3.00 D of myopia at the time of refractive surgery are unlikely to progress. High myopes and hyper-opes have potential to progress. Patients in which the axial length of the eye exceeds 26 mm in conjunction with higher corneal powers are likely in a state of decomposition and are at risk of marked progression of refractive error following refractive surgery. The likelihood of progression should be determined prior to surgery and explained to the patient. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:747–751.]
Corneal Limbal Marking in the Treatment of Myopic Astigmatism with the Excimer Laser
Authors: Bucher Celine , Zuberbuhler Bruno , Goggin Michael , Esterman Adrian , Schipper Isaak 
Published: August 2009

Purpose:
To determine whether preoperative marking of the limbal cornea improves treatment of myopic astigmatism with the excimer laser.

Methods:
Retrospective study on 108 eyes with myopic astigmatism that underwent LASIK or laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) with the Technolas 217 (Bausch & Lomb) excimer laser. Preoperative limbal marking was performed in 47 eyes (marked group). The 12-month results were used for refractive and visual analysis.

Results:
The achieved cylinder reduction, spherical reduction, and refractive predictability were similar for the marked and unmarked groups in the overall study collective, in the LASIK and LASEK subgroup analysis, and in a higher astigmatism (>1.25 diopters) subgroup analysis. Limbal marking showed no influence on the refractive results, and vector analysis showed no significant difference in angle of error among groups.

Conclusions:
Corneal limbal marking failed to improve the refractive outcome in LASIK and LASEK for myopic astigmatism.
Comparison of Rosenbaum Pupillometry Card Using Red and Blue Light to Colvard and Iowa Pupillometers
Authors: Ho Lawrence Y. , Harvey Thomas M. , Scherer Joseph , Balasubramaniam Mamtha , Dhaliwal Deepinder K. , Mah Francis S. 
Published: August 2009

Purpose:
To compare four scotopic pupil measuring techniques to determine whether a statistically significant difference exists among the techniques for each observer or between the observers for each technique.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study performed on 200 eyes of 100 healthy individuals. Two observers performed pupillometry four times per pupil using the Rosenbaum card with red light, Rosenbaum card with blue light, Iowa pupillometer, and Colvard pupillometer. All measurements were recorded in scotopic conditions with each examiner masked to the other’s results.

Results:

Both examiners measured mean pupil diameters >6.0 mm for all modalities except the Colvard device whose mean measurements were the smallest. The Iowa pupillometer and Rosenbaum card with red light produced the largest pupil measurements and were the most similar for both observers. The mean pupil diameter obtained by observer 1 was smaller compared with observer 2 while using the Rosenbaum card with blue light, but this was not significant (
P
=.2574). The mean pupil diameter obtained by observer 1 was larger compared with observer 2 while using the Colvard pupillometer and this was statistically different after adjusting for eye color (
P
=.0370). The mean pupil diameters of blue irides and brown irides are significantly higher than the measurements obtained for hazel irides (
P
=.0271 and
P
=.0445, respectively).

Conclusions:
Due to the complex interaction among observer, pupillometry technique, and iris color, one cannot compare the four techniques to each other with the same observer, nor can one compare the two observers irrespective of the technique.
A contemporary review of endoscopic sinus surgery: Techniques, tools, and outcomes
Authors: Welch Kevin C. , Stankiewicz James A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChronic rhinosinusitis is estimated to nearly 25 million people annually in the United States alone. The medical management of these patients is often successful; however, when medical management fails, surgery may be indicated to bring relief. Unfortunately, surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis is not standardized and we remain without a consensus on both the extent of surgery required and the manner in which it is performed. In the past 25 years, three philosophies or schools of thought have arisen to help guide the surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery aims to surgically treat problem areas by ventilating the sinuses through the natural ostia and addressing all diseased sinuses when necessary. This procedure is not standardized and is patient and surgeon dependent. The minimally invasive sinus technique has been proposed as a method whereby each surgical procedure is standardized regardless of disease severity. Lastly, balloon catheter dilatation of the sinus ostia, which by itself is not truly a procedure, is also discussed as a separate philosophy since these specific tools used during endoscopic sinus surgery have quickly energized the sinus community. All three schools of thought possess benefits and drawbacks, even when used appropriately. The concepts, tools, and technologies will be reviewed here as well as outcomes in the hopes that this article will provide an understanding of the surgical options to successfully treat chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope, 2009
The electrochemical behavior of Sn–Ag binary alloys in sulfate solutions
Authors: Ameer M. A. , Ghoneim A. A. , Fekry A. M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe corrosion and passivation behavior of four binary xSn–Ag (x = 26, 50, 70, and 96.5 wt%) alloys and their pure metal components was investigated in sodium sulfate solutions using electrochemical techniques. The influence of two different electrolytic parameters, namely, concentration (0.01–1.0 M) and pH (3.0–11.0) were studied while the specimens were potentiodynamically polarized between −1000 and 500 mV versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The results showed that the corrosion current density (icorr) increases with increasing either the tin content in the alloy or the ${\rm SO}_4^{2 - } $ ions concentration in the electrolyte. Increasing the pH value of a constant composition sulfate solution was found to improve the corrosion resistance of the tin‐richer alloys (x = 50–96.5 wt%), and decreases a little the stability of the silver‐rich one (74 wt% Ag). Impedance measurements at the free corrosion potential (Ecorr) give good support for these results, where a small addition of tin to silver up to the intermetallic ratio (x = 26 wt%) gives an alloy with better corrosion resistance to the aggressive sulfate medium. In terms of the tin ratio, the order of surface film stability on the tested samples, generally follows the ranking: 26 > 96.5 > 50 > Ag > 70 > Sn. The good corrosion resistance of the tin‐rich alloy (x = 96.5 wt%), surpassing those for the pure constituents tin and silver can be attributed to the homogenous phase structure of this eutectic mixture.
Relationship between morphology and deformation mechanisms of polyolefins
Authors: Sasaguri Kiichiro , Stein Richard S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe birefringence changes produced by stretching, polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene were examined. It was found that the strain optical coefficient at low elongation for polypropylene and polybutene depends upon storage time at room temperature for quenched samples, changing sign from an initial positive value to a negative value. The change is similar to that observed upon changing temperature with polypropylene. At high elongation, the strain optical coefficient becomes positive in all cases. The change for polypropylene cannot be due to increased crystallization and does not correlate with changes in infrared spectra, x‐ray diffraction, NMR, or light scattering. X‐ray diffraction does reveal a difference in the crystal orientation mechanism for the fresh and aged sample.For the fresh sample, the c‐crystal axis tends to orient in the stretching direction, while for the aged sample, the b‐axis orients in this manner. With polybutene, the time dependence of the strain‐optical coefficient correlates with the transition in crystal structure observable by x‐ray diffraction and infrared spectra. It is proposed that the changes are related to the amount of recrystallization or crystal deformation accompanying spherulite deformation upon stretching. A simple theory of these effects is presented which contains a parameter expressing this degree of change in internal structure. It is proposed that this parameter varies with time and temperature.
Lithium Melonate, Li3[C6N7(NCN)3]·6H2O – Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Properties of a Novel Precursor for Graphitic Carbon Nitrides
Authors: Clauss Corinna , Wagler Jörg , Schwarz Marcus , Schwarzer Anke , Kroke Edwin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA new s‐heptazine derivative, lithium melonate Li3[C6N7(NCN)3] (2), has been prepared from potassium melonate by using an ion exchanger resin. The crystal structure of the hexahydrate Li3[C6N7(NCN)3]·6H2O (2a) has been determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis (hexagonal, P63/m, a = b = 12.2263(6), c = 6.8854(6) Å, V = 891.35(10) Å3). The results show that this s‐heptazine derivative adopts ideal C3h symmetry, thus comprising 1/6 of the formula moiety in the asymmetric unit. 13C NMR spectroscopic data indicate that no melonate‐lithium interaction occurs in solution, whereas lithium is tetrahedrally coordinated by two oxygen and two nitrogen atoms in 2a in the solid. The title compound 2 was further characterised by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, TG/DTA and elemental analysis. In spite of the high nitrogen content, compound 2 proved to be thermally stable up to ~500 °C. The latter observation is typical for melonates and has been reported for other s‐heptazine derivatives as well.
Getting to the heart of the matter: CCN2 plays a role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
Authors: Leask Andrew 
Published: August 2009

AbstractConnective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is overexpressed in diabetes. Diabetic rats possess myocardial and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In a recent report, Wang and colleagues (Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2009 Jul 22. [Epub ahead of print]) show that CCN2 directly mediates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy as well as that induced by high glucose and fatty acid. CCN2 acted via the TrkA receptor. These data are the subject of this commentary, and emphasize that CCN2 may be an excellent target for therapy in diabetes.
Peripheral glial cell differentiation from neurospheres derived from adipose mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Radtke C. , Schmitz B. , Spies M. , Kocsis J.D. , Vogt P.M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue are being considered for use in neural repair because they can differentiate after appropriate induction in culture into neurons and glia. The question we asked was if neurospheres could be harvested from adipose‐derived stem cells and if they then could differentiate in culture to peripheral glial‐like cells. Here, we demonstrate that adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells can form nestin‐positive non‐adherent neurosphere cellular aggregates when cultured with basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor. Dissociation of these neurospheres and removal of mitogens results in expression of the characteristic Schwann cell markers S100 and p75 nerve growth factor receptor and GFAP. The simultaneous expression of these glia markers are characteristic features of Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells which have unique properties regarding remyelination and enhancement of axonal regeneration. When co‐cultured with dorsal root ganglion neurons, the peripheral glial‐like cells derived from adipose mesenchymal stem cells aligned with neuritis and stimulated neuritic outgrowth. These results indicate that neurospheres can be generated from adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells, and upon mitogen withdrawal can differentiate into peripheral glial cells with neurotrophic effects.
Developmental expression and subcellular localization of glutaminyl cyclase in mouse brain
Authors: Hartlage‐Rübsamen Maike , Staffa Katharina , Waniek Alexander , Wermann Michael , Hoffmann Torsten , Cynis Holger , Schilling Stephan , Demuth Hans‐Ulrich , Roßner Steffen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGlutaminyl cyclase (QC) converts N‐terminal glutaminyl residues into pyroglutamate (pE), thereby stabilizing these peptides/proteins. Recently, we demonstrated that QC also plays a pathogenic role in Alzheimer's disease by generating the disease‐associated pE‐Abeta from N‐terminally truncated Abeta peptides in vivo. This newly identified function makes QC an interesting pharmacological target for Alzheimer's disease therapy. However, the expression of QC in brain and peripheral organs, its cell type‐specific and subcellular localization as well as developmental profiles in brain are not known. The present study was performed to address these issues in mice. In brain, QC mRNA expression was highest in hypothalamus, followed by hippocampus and cortex. In liver, QC mRNA concentration was almost as high as in brain while lower QC mRNA levels were detected in lung and heart and very low expression levels were found in kidney and spleen. In the developmental course, stable QC mRNA levels were detected in hypothalamus from postnatal day 5 to 370. On the contrary, in cortex and hippocampus QC mRNA levels were highest after birth and declined during ontogenesis by 20–25%. These results were corroborated by immunocytochemical analysis in mouse brain demonstrating a robust QC expression in a subpopulation of lateral and paraventricular hypothalamic neurons and the labeling of a significant number of small neurons in the hippocampal molecular layer, in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in all layers of the neocortex. Hippocampal QC‐immunoreactive neurons include subsets of parvalbumin‐, calbindin‐, calretinin‐, cholecystokinin‐ and somatostatin‐positive GABAergic interneurons. The density of QC labeled hippocampal neurons declined during postnatal development matching the decrease in QC mRNA expression levels. Subcellular double immunofluorescent analysis localized QC within the endoplasmatic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and secretory granules, consistent with a function of QC in protein maturation and/or modification. Our results are in compliance with a role of QC in hypothalamic hormone maturation and suggest additional, yet unidentified QC functions in brain regions relevant for learning and memory which are affected in Alzheimer's disease.