bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic dilemmas of hyalinizing trabecular tumours on fine needle aspiration cytology: a study of seven cases with BRAF mutation analysis
Authors: Kim T. , Oh Y. L. , Kim K. M. , Shin J. H. 
Published: July 2011

T. Kim, Y. L. Oh, K. M. Kim and J. H. ShinDiagnostic dilemmas of hyalinizing trabecular tumours on fine needle aspiration cytology: a study of seven cases with BRAF mutation analysisObjective:  Hyalinizing trabecular tumours (HTTs) are rare follicular‐derived neoplasms that behave in an almost benign manner. HTT is frequently misdiagnosed as papillary carcinoma by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology or as papillary or medullary carcinoma on surgical resection.Methods:  The authors examined FNA material from seven cases of histologically verified HTT. Cytological findings were reviewed and correlated with ultrasonographic and histological features. In addition, MIB‐1 and calcitonin immunostaining was performed on surgical specimens, and BRAF mutation analysis on three pre‐operative FNA specimens and seven histology specimens.Results:  The original cytological diagnosis was either suspicious or positive for papillary carcinoma in all patients. The FNA‐based differential diagnoses included HTT, papillary carcinoma or, less likely, medullary carcinoma in two patients. Aspirates showed oval to spindle‐shaped cells with frequent intranuclear inclusions, isolated in loosely cohesive groups with a trabecular or syncytial pattern in a bloody background. Radiating arrangements of tumour cells surrounding hyaline stroma with serrated calcifications and a lack of papillary or sheet‐like fragments may suggest HTT on FNA. Spherical calcified bodies and possible psammoma bodies were frequently found in three cases. Retrospectively, six of the seven cases showed membranous immunoreactivity for MIB‐1, but none of the seven possessed the BRAF (V600E) mutation or showed calcitonin reactivity.Conclusions:  Although the recognition of HTT on FNA cytology is difficult, because of its morphological similarities to papillary and medullary carcinoma, its characteristic cytological features along with ultrasonographic findings may suggest the diagnosis preoperatively and avoid surgical over‐treatment.
Trends in health outcomes for family caregivers of hip‐fractured elders during the first 12 months after discharge
Authors: Shyu Yea‐Ing Lotus , Chen Min‐Chi , Liang Jersey , Tseng Ming‐Yueh 
Published: July 2011

shyu y.‐i.l., chen m.‐c., liang j. & tseng m.‐y. (2012) Trends in health outcomes for family caregivers of hip‐fractured elders during the first 12 months after discharge. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(3), 658–666.AbstractAim.  This article reports on trends in health outcomes for family caregivers of hip‐fractured patients and the effects of social support on these outcomes.Background.  Little is known about the impact of caregiving on the health outcomes of family caregivers of patients with hip fracture.Method.  For this prospective, correlational study, data were collected from 135 family caregivers of hip‐fractured elders (2001–2005). Data on health‐related quality of life and social support were collected from family caregivers at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge of the older hip‐fractured patient.Findings.  During the 12 months after the patients’ discharge, family caregivers’ scores improved significantly in role performance‐related scales, including bodily pain, social function, role limitations due to emotional problems and role limitations due to physical problems. However, caregivers’ scores for general health and mental health were significantly lower at 12 months [59·91 (sd = 24·54) and 65·91 (sd = 14·36) respectively] than at 1 month after discharge [64·35 (sd = 23·29) and 67·94 (sd = 18·47) respectively]. The trends for most subscale scores for health‐related quality of life were positively related to perceived availability of social support.Conclusions.  Caring for a hip‐fractured older family member over a sustained period may enhance family caregivers’ role performance, but have a negative impact on their perceived general health and mental health. These results suggest that home care nurses should develop interventions early after discharge to assess and improve family caregivers’ health perception, mental health and social support.
Pressure ulcer prevalence and prevention practices in care of the older person in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Moore Zena , Cowman Seamus 
Published: July 2011

Aims and objectives.  The aim of this study was to establish pressure ulcer prevalence and prevention in the long‐term care setting.Background.  There is no information on pressure ulcers prevalence in care of the older person in Ireland; therefore, a prevalence study was undertaken to investigate key aspects related to current practices in pressure ulcer prevention.Design.  A cross‐sectional survey design was employed.Method.  Ethical approval was received. Participants included 1100 older individuals residing in 12 long‐term care settings. Data were collected using the Braden scale, the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel minimum data set and pressure ulcer grading system.Results.  All participants were Irish and white, 70% were women, and 75% were aged 80 years or older. Prevalence was 9%, with 28% of pressure ulcers grade 1, 33% grade 2, 15% grade 3 and 24% grade 4, mainly located on the sacrum (58%) and the heel (25%). Seventy‐seven per cent scored Braden low risk or not at risk; however, 53% were completely immobile/very limited mobility and 58% were chair/bedfast. There was a significant association between activity and mobility and pressure ulcer development (χ2 = 45·50, p < 0·001 and χ2 = 46·91, p = 0·0001, respectively). Fifty per cent had a pressure redistribution device in bed, and 48% had one in use on the chair; however, 9% had a repositioning regime planned for when in bed and 5% planned for when seated in the chair.Conclusions.  This paper reports on the first ever pressure ulcer prevalence survey conducted in long‐term care in Ireland, and results provide significant insights into decision‐making and use of resources in the prevention of pressure ulcers.Relevance to clinical practice.  Pressure ulcers are common, costly and impact negatively on individuals. Current practices in prevention show several areas for improvement, namely, risk assessment, care planning and documentation.
A narrative review of South Asian patients’ experiences of cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Galdas Paul M , Ratner Pamela A , Oliffe John L 
Published: July 2011

Aims and objectives.  To review the empirical literature relating to South Asian patients’ experiences of cardiac rehabilitation.Background.  Individuals of South Asian origin (originating from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, or Sri Lanka) have increased risk of coronary heart disease‐related mortality and morbidity. Low levels of cardiac rehabilitation participation have been reported among South Asian groups in several English‐speaking countries.Design.  Narrative review.Methods.  Primary research evidence published in English between 1999–2010 obtained using pre‐defined search criteria in electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar and PsycINFO.Results.  Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria for review. Four prominent themes were identified in the literature related to: (1) exercise; (2) culture and religion; (3) programme access and structure; (4) communication and language.Conclusions.  The emerging themes distilled from the review encompass several factors associated with South Asian patients’ experiences of cardiac rehabilitation that are commensurate with low uptake and poor adherence. However, few researchers have disaggregated their data by ethnic origin to describe what might best meet the needs of South Asian patients. Further research is needed to thoughtfully address issues of uptake of and compliance with cardiac rehabilitation by South Asian patients and to support the development of culturally sensitive and safe CR programmes.Relevance to clinical practice.  The findings from this review can help nurses to develop guidelines for the design and delivery of culturally competent South Asian cardiac rehabilitation programmes. Important considerations related to physical exercise, language and communication preferences, religious and cultural needs and programme access and structure, need to be addressed in a culturally relevant and culturally sensitive manner to enhance the uptake and efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation for South Asian individuals.
Medicine administration errors and their severity in secondary care older persons’ ward: a multi‐centre observational study
Authors: Kelly Jennifer , Wright David 
Published: July 2011

Aim and objectives.  To assess the severity of medicine administration errors to older patients.Background.  Severity of medicine administration errors has been determined in a variety of settings but not in care‐of‐older‐person wards, which this study aims to do.Design.  Undisguised observational study.Participants.  Sixty‐two nurses were observed administering oral medicines to 625 patients.Interventions.  Data were collected on the preparation and administration of oral medicines. Thirty‐five cases of error were selected and analysed for their severity.Results.  In the 65 drug rounds observed 2129 potential drug administrations were made to 625 patients, of which 817 doses (38·4%) were given incorrectly (95% CI = 36·3–40·4). The overall mean harm score of the 35 incidents analysed was 4·1 (range 1·1–8·6, SD 1·8) on a scale of 0–10.Conclusions.  The number and severity of MAEs observed is high compared with previous studies.Relevance to clinical practice.  There is a need to decrease the number and severity of MAEs, by increasing nurse awareness and error reporting.
A prospective study of nosocomial urinary tract infection in hip fracture patients
Authors: Hälleberg Nyman Maria , Johansson Jan‐Erik , Persson Katarina , Gustafsson Margareta 
Published: July 2011

Aim.  To investigate risk factors and consequences of nosocomial urinary tract infection in hip fracture patients.Background.  Nosocomial urinary tract infection is a well‐known problem in hip fracture patients. There are several risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract infection described in the literature.Design.  Prospective observational study with a descriptive and comparative design.Methods.  Hip fracture patients were included consecutively between April 2006–March 2007. Excluded were those under 50, having an indwelling urinary catheter, signs of cognitive impairment or additional severe physical problems at the time of admission. To verify nosocomial urinary tract infection, a urine specimen was taken at admission and discharge. Patients with and without nosocomial urinary tract infection were compared.Results.  The study included 86 hip fracture patients, of whom 45 (52·3%) contracted nosocomial urinary tract infection in hospital. Earlier reported risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract infection were not confirmed in this study, with one exception: diabetes. All diabetic patients in the study contracted urinary tract infections. Patients receiving cloxacillin as antibiotic prophylaxis for wound infection contracted UTI less often than other patients. There were no statistical differences between groups with regard to urinary tract infection frequency four months after fracture or with regard to mortality after one year.Conclusion.  Diabetes was the only previously known risk factor for nosocomial urinary tract infection confirmed among hip fracture patients in this study. Cloxacillin as antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery seemed to offer a certain protection against nosocomial urinary tract infection.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses in clinical practice should be aware of the risk of urinary tract infections in hip fracture patients and especially in hip fracture patients with diabetes. Patients given cloxacillin as antibiotic prophylaxis seem less likely to contract nosocomial urinary tract infection.
OsIAA23‐mediated auxin signaling defines postembryonic maintenance of QC in rice
Authors: Jun Ni , Gaohang Wang , Zhenxing Zhu , Huanhuan Zhang , Yunrong Wu , Ping Wu 
Published: July 2011

SummaryAlthough the quiescent center (QC) is crucial to root development, the molecular mechanisms that regulate its postembryonic maintenance remain obscure. In this study, a semi‐dominant mutant that exhibits pleiotropic defects in root tissues, which includes the root cap, lateral and crown roots, was isolated. The mutant is characterized by a loss of QC identity during postembryonic development, and the displayed defects result from a stabilizing mutation in domain II of OsIAA23 (Os06g39590). Expression of OsIAA23 is specific to the QC of the root tip during the development of primary, lateral and crown roots. Consistent with OsIAA23 expression in the QC, the auxin signaling marked by DR5p::GUS (ß‐glucuronidase) was absent in the QC region of Osiaa23. Transgenic rice plants harboring Osiaa23 under the control of the QHB promoter mimic partially the defects of Osiaa23. These results indicate that the maintenance of the QC is dependent on OsIAA23‐mediated auxin signaling in the QC. These findings provide insight into Aux/IAA‐based auxin signaling during postembryonic maintenance of the QC in plants.
Improved retention rates with low‐cost interventions in hypertension and diabetes management in a rural African environment of nurse‐led care: a cluster‐randomised trial
Authors: Labhardt Niklaus D. , Balo Jean‐Richard , Ndam Mama , Manga Engelbert , Stoll Beat 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjective  To compare the effects of low‐level facility‐based interventions on patient retention rates for cardiovascular (CV) disease in an environment of task shifting and nurse‐led care in rural health districts in Central Cameroon.Methods  This study is an open‐label, three‐arm, cluster‐randomised trial in nurse‐led facilities. All three groups implemented a treatment contract. The control group (group 1) had no additional intervention, group 2 received the incentive of 1 month of free treatment every forth month of regularly respected visits, and group 3 received reminder letters in case of a missed follow‐up visit. The primary outcome was patient retention at 1 year. Secondary outcomes were adherence to follow‐up visit schemes and changes in blood pressure (BP) and blood glucose levels. Patients’ monthly spending for drugs and transport was calculated retrospectively.Results  A total of 33 centres and 221 patients were included. After 1 year, 109 patients (49.3%) remained in the programme. Retention rates in groups 2 and 3 were 60% and 65%, respectively, against 29% in the control group. The differences between the intervention groups and the control group were significant (P < 0.001), but differences between the two intervention groups were not (P = 0.719). There were no significant differences in BP or fasting plasma glucose trends between retained patients in the study groups. Average monthly cost to patients for antihypertensive medication was € 1.1 ± 0.9 and for diabetics €1.2 ± 1.1. Transport costs to the centres were on average €1.1 ± 1.0 for hypertensive patients and €1.1 ± 1.6 for patients with diabetes.Conclusions  Low‐cost interventions suited to an environment of task shifting and nurse‐led care and needing minimal additional resources can significantly improve retention rates in CV disease management in rural Africa. The combination of a treatment contract and reminder letters in case of missed appointments was an effective measure to retain patients in care.
Floral color variation and associations with fitness‐related traits inMalva moschata(Malvaceae)
Authors: FREY FRANK M. , DUNTON JESSICA , GARLAND KAILEY 
Published: July 2011

AbstractGenetic polymorphisms for floral color are interesting phenomena to study because they are likely to be maintained by opposing selective forces. Pollinator preferences may exert direct selection on floral color; however, floral color might also be the indirect target of selection through genetic associations with other traits under selection.Malva moschata(Malvaceae) is a North American species that produces either red or white flowers. In the present study, we present reflectance spectrophotometry data that characterize the nature of floral color variation in this species and show that honey bees and bumble bees should be able to distinguish between the morphs through differential sensitivity at the green (long‐wavelength) photoreceptor. Second, we use a series of phenotypic measures to investigate whether the color morphs differ with respect to other floral traits, vegetative traits or female reproductive success, and use a series of correlation analyses to infer the relative independence of color from these other traits. We found that red‐flowered morphs produced more anthers per flower and had greater leaf area, and that white‐flowered morphs had greater percentage fruit set; however, there were no reproductive success differences between the morphs. The relationship between flower size and anther number was the only correlation that differed between the morphs. Finally, a series of pollinator‐choice experiments showed that bumble bees strongly prefer red morphs in terms of visit frequency and duration, but honey bees have no preference. Taken together, our results suggest that color is rather independent of other phenotypic traits, and that honey bee abundance is likely to play a role in maintaining color variation in this system.
Manual restraint and shows of force: The City‐128 study
Authors: Bowers Len , Van Der Merwe Marie , Paterson Brodie , Stewart Duncan 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTManual restraint is used to manage disturbed behaviour by patients. This study aimed to assess the relationship of manual restraint and show of force to conflict behaviours, the use of containment methods, service environment, physical environment, patient routines, staff characteristics, and staff group variables. Data from a multivariate, cross‐sectional study of 136 acute psychiatric wards in England were used to conduct this analysis. Manual restraint was used less frequently on English acute psychiatric wards (0.20 incidents per day) than show of force (0.28 incidents per day). Both were strongly associated with the proportion of patients subject to legal detention, aggressive behaviours, and the enforcement of treatment and detention. Medical, nursing, and security guard staff provision were associated in different ways with variations in the use of these coercive interventions. An effective ward structure of rules and routines was associated with less dependence on these control methods. Training for manual restraint should incorporate the scenarios of attempted absconding and enforcement of treatment, as well as violent behaviour. Attempts to lessen usage of these interventions could usefully focus on increasing the availability of medical staff to patients, reducing reliance on security guards and establishing a good ward structure.
Ultrasound assessment of endometrial cavity in perimenopausal women on oral progesterone for abnormal uterine bleeding: Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of imaging with hysteroscopy‐guided biopsy
Authors: Dasgupta Subhankar , Dasgupta Shyamal , Sharma Partha Pratim , Mukherjee Amitabha , Ghosh Tarun Kumar 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To investigate the effect of oral progesterone on the accuracy of imaging studies performed to detect endometrial pathology in comparison to hysteroscopy‐guided biopsy in perimenopausal women on progesterone treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods:  The study population comprised of women aged 40–55 years with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding who were also undergoing oral progesterone therapy. Women with a uterus ≥ 12 weeks' gestation size, previous abnormal endometrial biopsy, cervical lesion on speculum examination, abnormal Pap smear, active pelvic infection, adnexal mass on clinical examination or during ultrasound scan and a positive pregnancy test were excluded. A transvaginal ultrasound followed by saline infusion sonography were done. On the following day, a hysteroscopy followed by a guided biopsy of the endometrium or any endometrial lesion was performed. Comparison between the results of the imaging study with the hysteroscopy and guided biopsy was done.Results:  The final analysis included 83 patients. For detection of overall pathology, polyp and fibroid transvaginal ultrasound had a positive likelihood ratio of 1.65, 5.45 and 5.4, respectively, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.47, 0.6 and 0.43, respectively. For detection of overall pathology, polyp and fibroid saline infusion sonography had a positive likelihood ratio of 4.4, 5.35 and 11.8, respectively, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.3, 0.2 and 0.15, respectively.Conclusion:  In perimenopausal women on oral progesterone therapy for abnormal uterine bleeding, imaging studies cannot be considered as an accurate method for diagnosing endometrial pathology when compared to hysteroscopy and guided biopsy.
Are serum markers altered in first trimester screening in poor ovarian reserve patients?
Authors: Parlakgumus Huriye A. , Haydardedeoglu Bulent , Simsek Erhan , Bulgan Kilicdag Esra , Bagis Tayfun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To investigate whether serum biochemical markers were altered during first trimester screenings in patients who have diminished ovarian reserve.Methods:  One hundred and fifty‐one women who conceived after intracytoplasmic sperm injection were enrolled during the 11‐ to 14‐week scan between June 2006 and July 2008. The normoresponders (Group 1: 125 patients) had >6 oocytes and the poor responders (Group 2: 26 patients) had ≤6 oocytes in oocyte retrieval. The means of the multiples of the median (MoM) of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A), free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) and nuchal translucency of the poor responder and normoresponder groups were compared and a potential relationship between serum markers and poor ovarian reserve was investigated. Data were analyzed with the Student's t‐test, χ2‐test and Mann–Whitney two sample test (unpaired, nonparametric). P < 0.05 was considered significant.Results:  The means of the MoMs of the poor responders and normoresponders were 1.16 ± 0.45 and 1.04 ± 0.32 (P = 0.111) for nuchal translucency, 0.92 ± 0.48 and 0.89 ± 0.61 (P = 0.399) for PAPP‐A, and 1.08 ± 0.40 and 1.21 ± 0.95 (P = 0.831) for β‐hCG, respectively.Conclusion:  There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in serum biochemical markers, nuchal translucency means and screen positive rates during the first trimester screening.