bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein Extraction and Membrane Recovery in Enzyme‐Assisted Aqueous Extraction Processing of Soybeans
Authors: de Moura J. M. L. N. , Campbell K. , de Almeida N. M. , Glatz C. E. , Johnson L. A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEnzyme‐assisted aqueous extraction processing (EAEP) is an environmentally friendly process in which oil and protein can be simultaneously recovered from soybeans by using water and enzymes. The significant amount of protein‐rich effluent (skim) constitutes a challenge to protein recovery. Countercurrent two‐stage EAEP at a 1:6 solids‐to‐liquid ratio, 50 °C, pH 9.0, and 120 rpm for 1 h was used to extract oil and protein from dehulled, flaked and extruded soybeans. Different enzyme use strategies were used to produce different skim fractions: 0.5% protease (wt/wt extruded flakes) in both extraction stages; 0.5% protease only in the 2nd extraction stage; and no enzyme in either stage. Dead‐end, stirred‐cell membrane filtration was evaluated with each skim. About 96, 89, and 66% of the protein were extracted with the three enzyme treatments, respectively. Protein retentate yields of 91, 96, and 99% were obtained for the three enzyme treatments, respectively, by using double membrane filtration (30 kDa/500 Da) of the skims, achieving permeate fluxes up to 1.24 kg/m2h at 3.9–4.8 concentration factors (CF) and 0.56 kg/m2h at 1.9–2.9 CF for 30 kDa ultrafiltration and 500 Da nanofiltration, respectively. For cross‐flow ultrafiltration with the 3‐kDa membrane, pH and presence of insoluble protein aggregates significantly affected permeate flux. Maximum permeate flux occurred at high pH and in the presence of protein aggregates, achieving a mean value of 4.1 kg/m2h at 1.7 bar transmembrane pressure.
Assessing the performance of a foraminifera-based transfer function to estimate sea-level changes in northern Portugal
Authors: Leorri Eduardo , Fatela Francisco , Cearreta Alejandro , Moreno João , Antunes Carlos , Drago Teresa 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe assessed the performance of a transfer function model for sea-level studies using salt-marsh foraminifera from two estuaries of northern Portugal. An independent data set of 12 samples and 13 sub-fossil samples from a core were used to evaluate if reconstructions and errors derived from current models are adequate. Initial transfer function models provided very strong results as indicated by cross-validation (component 2; r2 = 0.80–0.82; RMSEP ranged from 10.7 to 12.3 cm) and improved its performance by ca. 10% when sample size reached ca. 50. Results derived using an independent test data set indicate that cross-validation is a very effective approach and produces conservative errors when compared to observed errors. We additionally explored the possible effect of transforming the concentration data into percent in the error estimations by comparing the results obtained based on the use of both concentration and compositional data. Results indicate that this type of transformation does not affect the performance of the transfer function. Results derived from a reconstruction of sub-fossil samples from a core indicate that high-resolution sea-level reconstructions are possible, but show that depositional environments have to be selected carefully in order to minimize the impact of possible taphonomical loss.
Environmental distribution and abundance of the facultative methanotroph Methylocella
Authors: Rahman Md Tanvir , Crombie Andrew , Chen Yin , Stralis-Pavese Nancy , Bodrossy Levente , Meir Patrick , McNamara Niall P , Murrell J Colin 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Methylocella spp. are facultative methanotrophs, which are able to grow not only on methane but also on multicarbon substrates such as acetate, pyruvate or malate. Methylocella spp. were previously thought to be restricted to acidic soils such as peatlands, in which they may have a key role in methane oxidation. There is little information on the abundance and distribution of Methylocella spp. in the environment. New primers were designed, and a real-time quantitative PCR method was developed and validated targeting Methylocella mmoX (encoding the α-subunit of the soluble methane monooxygenase) that allowed the quantification of Methylocella spp. in environmental samples. We also developed and validated specific PCR assays, which target 16S rRNA genes of known Methylocella spp. These were used to investigate the distribution of Methylocella spp. in a variety of environmental samples. It was revealed that Methylocella species are widely distributed in nature and not restricted to acidic environments.
Phosphorus supply drives rapid turnover of membrane phospholipids in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana
Authors: Martin Patrick , Van Mooy Benjamin A S , Heithoff Abigail , Dyhrman Sonya T 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
In low-phosphorus (P) marine systems, phytoplankton replace membrane phospholipids with non-phosphorus lipids, but it is not known how rapidly this substitution occurs. Here, when cells of the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana were transferred from P-replete medium to P-free medium, the phospholipid content of the cells rapidly declined within 48 h from 45±0.9 to 21±4.5% of the total membrane lipids; the difference was made up by non-phosphorus lipids. Conversely, when P-limited T. pseudonana were resupplied with P, cells reduced the percentage of their total membrane lipids contributed by a non-phosphorus lipid from 43±1.5 to 7.3±0.9% within 24 h, whereas the contribution by phospholipids rose from 2.2±0.1 to 44±3%. This dynamic phospholipid reservoir contained sufficient P to synthesize multiple haploid genomes, suggesting that phospholipid turnover could be an important P source for cells. Field observations of phytoplankton lipid content may thus reflect short-term changes in P supply and cellular physiology, rather than simply long-term adjustment to the environment.
Endolithic chlorophyll d-containing phototrophs
Authors: Behrendt Lars , Larkum Anthony W D , Norman Anders , Qvortrup Klaus , Chen Min , Ralph Peter , Sørensen Søren J , Trampe Erik , Kühl Michael 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Cyanobacteria in the genus Acaryochloris are the only known oxyphototrophs that have exchanged chlorophyll a (Chl a) with Chl d as their primary photopigment, facilitating oxygenic photosynthesis with near infrared (NIR) light. Yet their ecology and natural habitats are largely unknown. We used hyperspectral and variable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, scanning electron microscopy, photopigment analysis and DNA sequencing to show that Acaryochloris-like cyanobacteria thrive underneath crustose coralline algae in a widespread endolithic habitat on coral reefs. This finding suggests an important role of Chl d-containing cyanobacteria in a range of hitherto unexplored endolithic habitats, where NIR light-driven oxygenic photosynthesis may be significant.
Collective cell guidance by cooperative intercellular forces
Authors: Tambe Dhananjay , Hardin Charles , Fredberg Jeffrey , Trepat Xavier 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCells comprising a tissue migrate as part of a collective. In order to coordinate collective multi- cellular migration, each constituent cell integrates local information including chemical signals and mechanical stresses.	The boundary between a constituent cell and its immediate neighbors comprises cell-cell junctions and cryptic lamellipodia, but the state of local mechanical stress exerted at that boundary has not been accessible experimentally. As such it is not clear how collective mechanical processes could be coordinated over length scales spanning large multi-cellular assemblies. We report here maps of the stresses exerted within and between cells comprising a monolayer. Within the cell sheet there arise unanticipated fluctuations of mechanical stress that are severe, emerge spontaneously, and ripple across the monolayer. These fluctuations define a rugged stress landscape that becomes increasingly heterogeneous, sluggish, and cooperative with increasing system density. Within that persistently rugged stress landscape, local cellular migrations are found to migrate along local orientations of maximal principal stress. Migrations of both endothelial and epithelial monolayers conform to this behavior, as do breast cancer cell lines before but not after the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In these diverse cell types, our data indicate that collective migration is governed by a simple but unifying physiological principle: neighboring cells join forces to transmit appreciable intercellular normal stress across local cell-cell junctions, but migrate along orientations of minimal intercellular shear stress.
On the range of the first two Dirichlet and Neumann eigenvalues of the Laplacian
Authors: Antunes Pedro R. S. , Henrot Antoine 
Published: December 2010

In this paper, we study the set of points in the plane defined by {(
x
,
y
)=(
λ
1
(
Ω
),
λ
2
(
Ω
)), |
Ω
|=1}, where (
λ
1
(
Ω
),
λ
2
(
Ω
)) are either the first two eigenvalues of the Dirichlet–Laplacian, or the first two non-trivial eigenvalues of the Neumann–Laplacian. We consider the case of general open sets together with the case of convex open domains. We give some qualitative properties of these sets, show some pictures obtained through numerical computations and state several open problems.
Impaired conditional reasoning in alcoholics: a negative impact on social interactions and risky behaviors?
Authors: Kornreich Charles , Delle‐Vigne Dyna , Knittel Julian , Nerincx Aurore , Campanella Salvatore , Noel Xavier , Hanak Catherine , Verbanck Paul , Ermer Elsa 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTAims To study the ‘social brain’ in alcoholics by investigating social contract reasoning, theory of mind and emotional intelligence.Design A behavioral study comparing recently detoxified alcoholics with normal, healthy controls.Setting Emotional intelligence and decoding of emotional non‐verbal cues have been shown to be impaired in alcoholics. This study explores whether these deficits extend to conditional reasoning about social contracts.Participants Twenty‐five recently detoxified alcoholics (17 men and eight women) were compared with 25 normal controls (17 men and eight women) matched for sex, age and education level.Measurements Wason selection task investigating conditional reasoning on three different rule types (social contract, precautionary and descriptive), revised Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (modified version) and additional control measures.Findings Conditional reasoning was impaired in alcoholics. Performance on descriptive rules was not above chance. Reasoning performance was markedly better on social contract and precautionary rules, but this performance was still significantly lower than in controls. Several emotional intelligence measures were lower in alcoholics compared to controls, but these were not correlated with reasoning performance.Conclusions Conditional reasoning, including reasoning about social contracts and emotional intelligence appear to be impaired in alcoholics. Impairment seems to be particularly severe on descriptive rules. Impairment in social contract reasoning might lead to misunderstandings and frustration in social interactions, and reasoning difficulties about precautionary rules might contribute to risky behaviors in this population.
Clinical experience with the treatment of hepatitis C infection in patients on opioid pharmacotherapy
Authors: Sasadeusz Joseph John , Dore Gregory , Kronborg Ian , Barton David , Yoshihara Motoko , Weltman Martin 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTAims  To evaluate the efficacy, safety and adherence to hepatitis C (HCV) therapy in patients attending tertiary hepatitis clinics who are receiving opioid replacement therapy.Design  A non‐randomized, open‐label study. Participants were treated with pegylated interferon alpha‐2a and weight‐based ribavirin for 24 weeks (genotype non–1, n = 31) or 48 weeks (genotype 1, n = 22).Setting  Four tertiary hospital hepatitis clinics in Australia.Participants  Fifty‐three patients with chronic HCV who were receiving opioid replacement therapyMeasurements  Patients were monitored for virological response, adverse events and adherence. They were also screened for psychiatric illness prior to and throughout the study utilizing two validated instruments: the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and Beck Depression Interview (BDI)‐II.Findings  The overall sustained virological response (SVR) rate was 57% (71% genotype non‐1 versus 36% genotype 1), and was similar in active injectors (63%) and non‐injectors (53%). The psychological profile of patients based on validated instruments did not change on therapy. The pattern and frequency of adverse effects were comparable to non‐opioid replacement patients. Eighty‐five per cent of patients were adherent to therapy by 80/80/80 criteria and only two patients who had an end‐of‐treatment response relapsed, one of whom was not an active injector.Conclusions  Patients on opioid replacement therapy, even if they continue to inject actively, can achieve comparable sustained virological response rates to other populations with pegylated interferon alpha‐2a and ribavirin therapy, suffer no excess rates of adverse effects or psychological complications and have good adherence to therapy.
The role of decay accelerating factor in the immunopathogenesis of cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Bani-Ahmad M , El-Amouri I S , Ko C M , Lin F , Tang-Feldman Y , Oakley O R 
Published: December 2010

SummaryA wide variety of the host immune elements play an influential role in the defence against cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. However, the role of complement in the clearance of CMV infection is less well studied. Decay accelerating factor (DAF/CD55) is a membrane-bound complement regulatory protein that inhibits the formation and accelerates the decay of C3-convertase. Here we hypothesize that murine CMV (MCMV) utilizes DAF as an immunoevasive strategy through down-regulation of host adaptive responses against the virus. To test our hypothesis, DAF knock-out (DAF KO) C57BL/6 mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were infected with a sublethal dose of MCMV, and their immune responses were compared. WT mice lost 7·8% of their initial weight within the first 4 days after infection and quickly began to recover. This is in contrast to the DAF KO mice, that lost a total of 19·4% of their initial weight and did not start recovery until 6 days post-infection. Flow cytometric analysis of lung digests revealed that infected DAF KO mice had a significantly increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, the majority being CD8+ T lymphocytes. Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were also increased markedly in the DAF KO mice compared to the infected WT mice. More interestingly, increased viral genome copies (DNA) in the splenocytes of DAF KO mice was accompanied with mRNA transcripts in the DAF KO mice, an indication of active viral replication. These data suggest an intriguing effect of reduced DAF expression on host responses following in vivo MCMV infection.
YKL‐40 in type 2 diabetic patients with different levels of albuminuria
Authors: Brix Johanna‐M. , Höllerl Florian , Koppensteiner Renate , Schernthaner Guntram , Schernthaner Gerit‐H. 
Published: December 2010

Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41 (6): 589–596AbstractBackground  Type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria have an increased risk for vascular complications. Albuminuria is related to endothelial dysfunction and plaque instability. YKL‐40 is also associated with both and elevated in nondiabetic vascular patients. We investigated YKL‐40 and its association with vascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria.Material and methods  Two hundred and four patients with type 2 diabetes were included in a cross‐sectional study: One hundred and six normo‐ (No‐A), 64 micro‐ (Mi‐A) and 34 macroalbuminuric (Ma‐A) patients that did not differ for age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, body‐mass‐index, blood pressure, lipids and creatinine. YKL‐40 was measured in serum samples and determined by ELISA.Results  YKL‐40 was significantly different in No‐A: 87 ± 57 vs. Mi‐A 119 ± 68 vs. Ma‐A 157 ± 75 ng mL−1; P < 0·001. Patients with macrovascular disease showed higher YKL‐40 than those without: 115 ± 72 vs. 87 ± 49 ng mL−1, P = 0·003. In correlation analysis, YKL‐40 was associated with urinary albumin excretion rate (AER), plasma creatinine, creatinine clearance (CC) and age. Two multivariate regression analyses were conducted: in the first one, AER and CC remained associated with YKL‐40 and in the second one AER and age.Conclusions  This is the first report of a significant elevation of YKL‐40 in type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria. In addition, we observed a significant association with macrovascular disease. Because we detected an association between YKL‐40 with renal, micro‐ and macrovascular disease, this protein could play an important for the increased risk of type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria for the development of cardiovascular disease.
Nursing unit managers, staff retention and the work environment
Authors: Duffield Christine M , Roche Michael A , Blay Nicole , Stasa Helen 
Published: December 2010

Aim and objective.  This paper examined the impact of leadership characteristics of nursing unit managers, as perceived by staff nurses, on staff satisfaction and retention.Background.  A positive work environment will increase levels of job satisfaction and staff retention. Nurse leaders play a critical role in creating a positive work environment. Important leadership characteristics of the front‐line nurse manager include visibility, accessibility, consultation, recognition and support.Design.  Secondary analysis of data collected on 94 randomly selected wards in 21 public hospitals across two Australian states between 2004–2006.Methods.  All nurses (n = 2488, 80·3% response rate) on the selected wards were asked to complete a survey that included the 49‐item Nursing Work Index‐Revised [NWI‐R] together with measures of job satisfaction, satisfaction with nursing and intention to leave. Subscales of the NWI‐R were calculated. Leadership, the domain of interest, consisted of 12 items. Wards were divided into those reporting either positive or negative leadership. Data were analysed at the nurse level using spss version 16.Results.  A nursing manager who was perceived to be a good leader, was visible, consulted with staff, provided praise and recognition and where flexible work schedules were available was found to distinguish the positive and negative wards. However, for a ward to be rated as positive overall, nurse leaders need to perform well on all the leadership items.Conclusion.  An effective nursing unit manager who consults with staff and provides positive feedback and who is rated highly on a broad range of leadership items is instrumental in increasing job satisfaction and satisfaction with nursing.Relevance to clinical practice.  Good nurse managers play an important role in staff retention and satisfaction. Improved retention will lead to savings for the organisation, which may be allocated to activities such as training and mentorship to assist nurse leaders in developing these critical leadership skills. Strategies also need to be put in place to ensure that nurse leaders receive adequate organisational support from nursing executives.
Pulmonary tuberculosis in the West Bank, Palestinian Authority: molecular diagnostic approach
Authors: Ereqat Suheir , Bar‐Gal Gila K. , Nasereddin Abedelmajeed , Said Sawsan , Greenblatt Charles L. , Azmi Kifaya , Qaddomi Sharif E. , Spigelman Mark , Ramlawi Asad , Abdeen Ziad 
Published: December 2010

SummaryObjective  To compare the effectiveness and feasibility of an insertion sequence (IS6110)‐based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with conventional methods of detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to analyse mutations present in the hot spot region of the RNA polymerase B subunit (rpoB) gene associated with rifampin resistance by DNA sequencing.Methods  Ninety‐five sputum samples from 84 clinically suspected cases of tuberculosis were tested for mycobacterial infections by Ziehl Neelsen smear examination, Lowenstein‐Jensen culture and IS6110‐based PCR assay.Results  Sensitivity and specificity of the PCR were 94%; the sensitivity of culture was 65%, and of smear tests, 59%. Both smear microscopy and culture had 100% specificity. DNA sequencing data of the 305‐bp fragment of the rpoB gene for nine clinical isolates revealed one point mutation at position I572F and double mutations at position S531F in two isolates obtained from two patients who did not respond to the anti‐tuberculosis therapy.Conclusion  IS6110‐based PCR can be used routinely in clinical laboratories for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and thus allow early diagnosis and treatment of any contacts by the cheapest method currently available in the Palestinian Authority region. Rapid detection of rifampin resistance isolates will enable efficient treatment of patients and assist in eradication of the disease in the Palestinian territories.
Impact of pre‐transplant dialysis modality on post‐transplant diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation
Authors: Courivaud Cécile , Ladrière Marc , Toupance Olivier , Caillard Sophie , de Ligny Bruno Hurault , Ryckelynck Jean‐Philippe , Moulin Bruno , Rieu Philippe , Frimat Luc , Chalopin Jean‐Marc , Chauvé Sylvie , Kazory Amir , Ducloux Didier 
Published: December 2010

Courivaud C, Ladrière M, Toupance O, Caillard S, de Ligny BH, Ryckelynck J‐P, Moulin B, Rieu P, Frimat L, Chalopin J‐M, Chauvé S, Kazory A, Ducloux D. Impact of pre‐transplant dialysis modality on post‐transplant diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 794–799. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Post‐transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a well‐known complication in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). While a number of risk factors for PTDM have been identified, the potential impact of pre‐transplant dialysis modality on subsequent development of PTDM has not yet been explored.We performed a multicenter retrospective study on 2010 consecutive RTRs who did not have a history of diabetes prior to renal transplantation. PTDM was defined as a need for anti‐diabetic therapy in an RTR without a history of diabetes prior to transplantation. Analysis of the risk factors for development of PTDM was performed with respect to pre‐transplant dialysis modality.A total of 137 (6.8%) patients developed PTDM; 7% in the hemodialysis group and 6.5% in the peritoneal dialysis (PD) group (p = 0.85). In the multivariate analysis, age (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), use of tacrolimus (p = 0.002), and rejection episodes (p < 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for development of PTDM. Patients in the PD group were younger (p = 0.004), had lower BMI (p = 0.07), and were less likely to have a history of hepatitis C (p = 0.007) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (p = 0.07). Adjustment for these variables did not modify the results.The results of this study suggest that pre‐transplant dialysis modality does not have an impact on the subsequent development of PTDM in RTRs.