bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources iconographiques du cycle de Joseph à la cathédrale de Poitiers
Authors: Gauthier-Walter Marie-Dominique 
Published: February 2012

Une lecture attentive du cycle de Joseph (transept sud de la cathédrale de Poitiers) a permis d'identifier un certain nombre de scènes qui, jusqu'à ce jour, n'avaient pas trouvé d'interprétation satisfaisante. L'histoire de Joseph revient à sept reprises dans la vitrerie française du XIIIe s. (Auxerre, Bourges, Chartres, Poitiers, Rouen, la Sainte-Chapelle, Tours). Le cycle de Poitiers, particulièrement complet, se distingue par sa fidélité au texte canonique de la Bible alors qu'ailleurs il faut recourir à des versions paraphrasées du récit biblique pour comprendre le déroulement de l'histoire. En outre, le cycle de Poitiers présente une utilisation importante de motifs iconographiques dont l'origine remonte à l'Antiquité tardive. Plusieurs monuments paléochrétiens servent de base comparative (catacombe de la Via Latina, Saint-Paul-hors-les-murs, Genèse de Cotton, etc.), de même que des manuscrits médiévaux dont la parenté avec l'iconographie paléochrétienne a souvent été relevée (Paraphrase d'Aelfric, Bibles de Pampelune).
Il n'est pas impossible qu'un manuscrit d'origine anglo-saxonne présentant des liens étroits avec l'iconographie paléochrétienne, ait servi de modèle à Poitiers.
De la façade à tour(s) à la façade-écran dans les pays de l'Ouest : l'exemple de Saint-Jean-de-Montierneuf de Poitiers
Authors: Camus Marie-Thérèse 
Published: February 2012

Several exploratory excavations undertaken to the West of Saint-John of Montierneuf at Poitiers in 1990 have made it possible to retrace the Romanesque façade of the church. The projected two-towered façade (before 1086) was only launched. It was rapidly abandoned for a straight "screen façade" (around 1086/96). Both the avorted project, and the subsequent realization, reveal that the building was conceived on a proportional system using squares as a module. Fragments of sculpture from decorated archivolts have been located in the actual façade.
On can conclude from these observations that the Romanesque façade at Montierneuf could have served as a prototype for the great decorated "screen façades" of the West of France, after the decline of the simple gable façade and the tower-porch which tended to replace it. This type of façade can be considered as an idealization of the gable-end of the urbain house. As the abbey was founded and sponsored by Guy-Geoffroy- Guillaume, Count of Poitou and Duke of Aquitaine, it would not be surprising to find that his church influenced subsequent constructions in the region.
Rôle de l'église-porche dans la formation des façades occidentales de nos églises romanes
Authors: Heitz Carol 
Published: February 2012

Das Westwerk (franz. «église-porche, antéglise») hat entscheidend zur Formulierung der Fassaden unserer romanischen Kirchen beigetragen. Die ersten Beispiele stammen aus Neustrien. Der Salavatorturm von Centula/Saint-Riquier, geweiht 799, bietet den Prototyp dazu. Seine wahrscheinlich oktogonale Form gleicht ihn der Pfalzkapelle von Aachen an, die im selben Jahrzehnt, dem letzten des VIII. Jahrhunderts, erbaut worden ist. Das Westwerk von Corvey — Corbeia Nuova — zwischen 873 und 885 errichtet, stellt heute das sprechendste Beispiel fur diesen Architekturtypus dar.
Der Zusammenhang mit der Osterliturgie, und damit dem Heiligen Grab in Jerusalem, liegt auf der Hand und kann durch die Liturgievorschriften Angilberts von Centula/Saint-Riquier (790-814) bewiesen werden. Während des X. Jahrhunderts schrumpft das « Vollwestwerk » zusammen und geht manchmal Kombinationen ein, z. B. mit der Westapsis (Mittelzell-Reichenau, Essen).
Le lai de Fresne et la littérature édifiante du XIIe s.
Authors: Maréchal Chantal 
Published: February 2012

Les débats critiques sur les relations entre les œuvres de Marie de France et la littérature courtoise n'ont jeté qu'une pâle lumière sur les sources et la structure narrative de Fresne.
Un nouvel examen de ce texte, basé sur une comparaison des lais avec les compilations cléricales contemporaines (sermonnaires et thesauri exemplorum) mettra d'abord en évidence sa signification théologico-morale. Une référence à des documents historiques (décrets pontificaux) appuiera, en outre, la théorie qu'il fut composé sur le modèle d'authentiques cas de droit canonique, représentatifs de l'évolution des institutions matrimoniales au XIIe s. Le lai de Fresne sera finalement rattaché au genre littéraire du « cas », tel que l'a défini André Jolies.
Portrait de la France autour de l'an Mil. Remarques sur un atlas
Authors: Parisse Michel 
Published: February 2012

Die Herstellung eines Atlas Frankreichs um das Jahr 1000 wurde durch das tausendjährige Jubiläum der Thronbesteigung Hugo Capets (1987) angestiftet. Drei Bereiche werden gedeckt : das Religiöse mit den nachgewiesenen Gemeinschaften, das Politische mit den befestigten Orten, die Wirtschaft mit den Handelsplätzen. Aus den durchgeführten Untersuchungen ergibt sich, daß die Rückkehr zu den Urquellen und eine kritische Einstellung eine große Anzahl alter, unuberprüfter historischer Behauptungen in Frage gestellt haben : verschwundene Abteien, noch nicht gegründete Priorate, zurückdatierte Burgen. Die Historiker standen vor der schwierigen Aufgabe, ein Gleichgewicht zu finden zwischen dem, was die Texte behaupten, und dem, was die historische Urteilskraft verteidigt. Das Endergebnis ist auf jeden Fall positiv und ermöglicht endlich eine klare Sicht des Königreichs Hugo Capets und Robert des Frommen (987-1031). Von einer Generation an die nächste vorsichtslos übergebene Angaben werden oft stark in Frage gestellt. Dagegen leiten die am Anfang festgelegten Entschlüsse zwar vielleicht zu einen lückenhaften Bild, aber die Autoren haben Strenge und Genauigkeit dem Zweifel bevorzugt.
Françoise Vergneault, Kartographie-Ingenieur, hat an der Ingangsetzung der Voruntersuchungen teilgenommen und warnt vor den in der historischen Kartographie gewöhnlich vorkommenden Irrtümern. Wichtiger ist es, sich darüber klar zu sein, daß die vorliegenden Karten nicht « starr » sind, sondern einen dynamischen Stand der Forschungen darstellen.
La mort en fleurs. Violence et poésie dans Ami et Amile
Authors: Foehr-Janssens Yasmina 
Published: February 2012

La chanson de geste consacrée à Ami et Amile se construit autour de la récurrence d'un lieu poétique original : le pré flori où les héros se retrouvent à intervalles réguliers. Cette œuvre, fidèle dans sa forme et dans son esprit à l'esthétique de la chanson de geste, recueille pourtant en son sein les échos de la légende de Tristan. Les thèmes du compagnonnage épique et de la trahison diabolique fournissent le cadre traditionnel de la narration, mais les intrigues amoureuses informent également, pour une large part, ce récit qui se distingue par un profond pessimisme social.
L'examen du locus propice à l'épanchement de l'amitié révèle la parenté de ce motif avec d'autres espaces poétiques présents dans la chanson. Le champ de bataille, où se déroule le combat judiciaire contre le traître Hardré, et le verger ou la chambre peinte, où se nouent et se dénouent les amours des héros, partagent avec le pré fleuri qui, sa situation extra-urbaine, qui, la douceur d'un décor floral.
Entre nature et culture, entre violence et apaisement, le lieu « en fleurs » permet toutes les modulations de la relation interpersonnelle dans la chanson. Entièrement subordonnée à la mort sainte des héros, celle-ci se déploie dans un monde où le rapport à l'autre paraît irrémédiablement voué à la faillite. La méprise, voire la tromperie, régit les différentes aventures de nos héros. Puissante méditation sur les passions humaines, cette œuvre reflète tour à tour l'éclat troublant des fleurs de l'amitié, de l'amour ou de la haine.
Changes in Body Composition and Mitochondrial Dna in HIV-1-Infected Patients Switching to Fixed-Dose Abacavir/Lamivudine or Tenofovir/Emtricitabine: A Substudy of the Bicombo Trial
Authors: Curran Adrian , Martinez Esteban , Podzamczer Daniel , Lonca Montserrat , Barragan Patricia , Crespo Manuel , Falco Vicenç , Vidal-Sicart Sergio , Imaz Arkaitz , Martinez Maria , Gatell Jose Maria , Ribera Esteban 
Published: February 2012

Background Fat distribution, bone mineral density (BMD) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may improve, in the long-term, after switching from nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) to fixed-dose abacavir (ABC)/ lamivudine (3TC) or tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC). Methods This was a prospective, randomized, open-label, multicentre substudy of the BICOMBO trial in which virologically suppressed patients had their NRTIs switched to ABC/3TC or TDF/FTC. Whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure limb, trunk and total body fat and total BMD. Lumbar and hip DXA scans were used to measure lumbar and hip BMD. Fat mass ratio (FMR; % trunk fat/% leg fat by whole-body DXA) was used to assess fat distribution. mtDNA was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Parameters of interest were measured at baseline, 48 and 96 weeks, and were compared between treatment groups. Results Of 56 patients included, 45 (20 ABC/3TC and 25 TDF/FTC) completed the substudy. After 96 weeks, ABC/3TC (+756 g, +12.1%) and TDF/FTC (+337 g, +7.6%) led to non-significantly different increases in limb fat ( P=0.60). By contrast, trunk fat showed a significant increase ( P=0.04) with ABC/3TC (+1,184 g, +10.6%) relative to TDF/FTC (-370 g, -4.2%). Median (IQR) FMR remained unchanged with ABC/3TC (-0.01 [-0.16–0.06]; P=0.23), but it decreased significantly with TDF/FTC (-0.13 [-0.30–0.00]; P=0.007). Total BMD and mtDNA significantly increased after 96 weeks, without differences between groups. Conclusions Switching from NRTIs to either ABC/3TC or TDF/FTC led to similar increases in limb fat, BMD and PBMC mtDNA after 96 weeks.
CD4+ Type II NKT Cells Mediate ICOS and Programmed Death-1–Dependent Regulation of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kadri Nadir , Korpos Eva , Gupta Shashank , Briet Claire , Löfbom Linda , Yagita Hideo , Lehuen Agnes , Boitard Christian , Holmberg Dan , Sorokin Lydia , Cardell Susanna L. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease that results from T cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells. CD1d-restricted NKT lymphocytes have the ability to regulate immunity, including autoimmunity. We previously demonstrated that CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells, which carry diverse TCRs, prevented T1D in the NOD mouse model for the human disease. In this study, we show that CD4+ 24αβ type II NKT cells, but not CD4/CD8 double-negative NKT cells, were sufficient to downregulate diabetogenic CD4+ BDC2.5 NOD T cells in adoptive transfer experiments. CD4+ 24αβ NKT cells exhibited a memory phenotype including high ICOS expression, increased cytokine production, and limited display of NK cell markers, compared with double-negative 24αβ NKT cells. Blocking of ICOS or the programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 pathway was shown to abolish the regulation that occurred in the pancreas draining lymph nodes. To our knowledge, these results provide for the first time cellular and molecular information on how type II CD1d-restricted NKT cells regulate T1D.
CARMA1 Controls Th2 Cell-Specific Cytokine Expression through Regulating JunB and GATA3 Transcription Factors
Authors: Blonska Marzenna , Joo Donghyun , Zweidler-McKay Patrick A. , Zhao Qingyu , Lin Xin 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The scaffold protein CARMA1 is required for the TCR-induced lymphocyte activation. In this study, we show that CARMA1 also plays an essential role in T cell differentiation. We have found that the adoptive transfer of bone marrow cells expressing constitutively active CARMA1 results in lung inflammation, eosinophilia, and elevated levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 in recipient mice. In contrast, CARMA1-deficient T cells are defective in TCR-induced expression of Th2 cytokines, suggesting that CARMA1 preferentially directs Th2 differentiation. The impaired cytokine production is due to reduced expression of JunB and GATA3 transcription factors. CARMA1 deficiency affects JunB stability resulting in its enhanced ubiquitination and degradation. In contrast, TCR-dependent induction of GATA3 is suppressed at the transcriptional level. We also found that supplementation with IL-4 partially restored GATA3 expression in CARMA1-deficient CD4+ splenocytes and subsequently production of GATA3-dependent cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. Therefore, our work provides the mechanism by which CARMA1 regulates Th2 cell differentiation.
TheLbw2Locus Promotes Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Scatizzi John C. , Haraldsson Maria K. , Pollard K. Michael , Theofilopoulos Argyrios N. , Kono Dwight H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe lupus-prone New Zealand Black (NZB) strain uniquely develops a genetically imposed severe spontaneous autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) that is very similar to the corresponding human disease. Previous studies have mapped anti-erythrocyte Ab (AEA)-promoting NZB loci to several chromosomal locations, including chromosome 4; however, none of these have been analyzed with interval congenics. In this study, we used NZB.NZW-Lbw2 congenic (designated Lbw2 congenic) mice containing an introgressed fragment of New Zealand White (NZW) on chromosome 4 encompassing Lbw2, a locus previously linked to survival, glomerulonephritis, and splenomegaly, to investigate its role in AIHA. Lbw2 congenic mice exhibited marked reductions in AEAs and splenomegaly but not in anti-nuclear Abs. Furthermore, Lbw2 congenics had greater numbers of marginal zone B cells and reduced expansion of peritoneal cells, particularly the B-1a cell subset at early ages, but no reduction in B cell response to LPS. Analysis of a panel of subinterval congenic mice showed that the full effect of Lbw2 on AEA production was dependent on three subloci, with splenomegaly mapping to two of the subloci and expansions of peritoneal cell populations, including B-1a cells to one. These results directly demonstrated the presence of AEA-specific promoting genes on NZB chromosome 4, documented a marked influence of background genes on autoimmune phenotypes related to Lbw2, and further refined the locations of the underlying genetic variants. Delineation of the Lbw2 genes should yield new insights into both the pathogenesis of AIHA and the nature of epistatic interactions of lupus-modifying genetic variants.
Utility of Immunohistochemical Staining With FLI1, D2-40, CD31, and CD34 in the Diagnosis of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome–Related and Non–Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Related Kaposi Sarcoma
Authors: Nunes Rosado Flavia G , Itani Doha M , Coffin Cheryl M , Cates Justin M 
Published: February 2012

Context.—Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor frequently associated with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection, advanced age, or iatrogenic immunosuppression. Immunohistochemistry for CD31 and CD34, and more recently for FLI1 and D2-40, has been used as ancillary diagnostic tests for KS, despite little information regarding the sensitivities and differential staining patterns of the latter 2 markers in the major clinical subtypes and histologic stages of KS.
Objective.—This retrospective study aims to assess the prevalence of the vascular markers D2-40 and FLI1 in the main clinical subgroups and tumor stages of KS.
Design.—Twenty-four cases of KS (12 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]–related cases and 12 non–AIDS-related cases; 11 nodular-stage and 13 patch/plaque–stage KS) were stained for CD34, CD31, D2-40, and FLI1 by immunohistochemistry. The distribution of immunoreactivity was compared between the clinical subtypes and tumor stages of KS using the Mann-Whitney test.
Results.—CD31, CD34, D2-40, and FLI1 strongly and diffusely stained tumor cells in 75%, 92%, 67%, and 92% of AIDS-related cases and 58%, 92%, 67%, and 75% of non–AIDS-related cases, respectively. Differences in the proportions of positive cases between AIDS-related and non–AIDS-related cases did not reach statistical significance. No significant staining differences were observed between nodular- and patch/plaque–stage KS either.
Conclusions.—There are no differences in the distribution of immunohistochemical reactivity for CD31, CD34, D2-40, or FLI1 between AIDS-related and non–AIDS-related KS or between nodular- and patch/plaque–stage KS. All of the markers studied demonstrated high sensitivity in both clinical settings and both stages of tumor progression.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related Gastrointestinal Pathology: A Southern Africa Perspective With Review of the Literature (Part 2: Neoplasms and Noninfectious Disorders)
Authors: Slavik Tomas 
Published: February 2012

Context.—Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is rife in sub-Saharan Africa and in southern Africa in particular. Despite the increasing availability of antiretroviral therapy in this region, HIV-associated neoplasms remain common and frequently involve the gastrointestinal tract, which may also demonstrate other noninfectious, HIV-related pathology.Objective.—To review the histopathologic findings and distinguishing features of neoplastic and noninfectious, HIV-associated gastrointestinal disorders in southern Africa and relate those findings to the documented international literature.Data Sources.—The available literature on this topic was reviewed and supplemented with personal experience in a private histopathology practice in South Africa.Conclusions.—In southern Africa, a diverse range of HIV-related neoplasms and noninfectious gastrointestinal disorders is seen, but published data for the region are scarce. The gastrointestinal disorders include drug-associated pathology, gastrointestinal manifestations of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, idiopathic chronic esophageal ulceration, and the controversial entity of HIV enteropathy.
Regioselective Cobalt‐Catalysed Hydrovinylation for the Synthesis of Non‐Conjugated Enones and 1,4‐Diketones
Authors: Kersten Laura , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe highly regioselective cobalt‐catalysed 1,4‐hydrovinylation of terminal alkenes with 2‐trimethylsilyloxy‐1,3‐butadiene generates in a stereospecific fashion unsaturated E‐configured silyl enol ether intermediates that are suitable for diastereoselective Mukaiyama‐aldol reactions with bulky aliphatic aldehydes. The acidic hydrolysis of the enol ethers to γ,δ‐unsaturated ketones followed by ozonolysis can be used for the synthesis of various 1,4‐diketones and polycarbonyl derivatives. The 1,4‐diketones and polycarbonyl derivatives were successfully tested for the synthesis of some mono‐ and bis‐pyrrole derivatives. The γ,δ‐unsaturated ketones are useful building blocks (e.g., in natural product synthesis) and can be generated in a one‐pot procedure.
Overweight and obesity among North American Indian infants, children, and youth
Authors: Schell Lawrence M. , Gallo Mia V. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe frequency of overweight and obesity among North American Indian children and youth exceeds that of other ethnic groups in the United States. This observation is based on studies using body mass index as the primary measure of overweight and obesity. In the mid‐20th century, there were regional differences among North American Indian groups in sub‐adults' size and shape and only a few Southwestern groups were characterized by high rates of overweight and obesity. In most populations, the high prevalence of overweight and obesity developed in the last decades of the 20th century. Childhood obesity may begin early in life as many studies report higher birth weights and greater weight‐for‐height in the preschool years. Contributing factors include higher maternal weights, a nutritional transition from locally caught or raised foods to store bought items, psychosocial stress associated with threats to cultural identity and national sovereignty, and exposure to obesogenic pollutants, all associated to some degree with poverty. Obesity is part of the profile of poor health among Native Americans in the US and Canada, and contributes to woefully high rates of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and early mortality. Interventions that are culturally appropriate are needed to reduce weights at all points in the lifespan. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrogenolyse goes Bio: Von Kohlenhydraten und Zuckeralkoholen zu Plattformchemikalien
Authors: Ruppert Agnieszka M. , Weinberg Kamil , Palkovits Regina 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAngesichts begrenzter Reserven fossiler Rohstoffe und einem Voranschreiten des Klimawandels werden effiziente und umweltfreundliche Technologien zur Nutzbarmachung erneuerbarer Rohstoffe unerlässlich. Dabei stellt die Hydrogenolyse eine vielversprechende Reaktion für zukünftige Bioraffineriekonzepte dar. Sie resultiert in einer C‐C‐ und C‐O‐Bindungsspaltung mit Wasserstoff und erlaubt einen direkten Zugang zu nützlichen Plattformchemikalien, die bereits heute Teil der Wertschöpfungsketten der chemischen Industrie sind. Aus diesem Grund birgt die Hydrogenolyse das Potential, existierende Wertschöpfungsketten und zukünftige Bioraffineriekonzepte zu verbinden. Dieser Aufsatz stellt vorausgegangene und aktuelle Entwicklungen in diesem Bereich mit besonderem Augenmerk auf der direkten Umsetzung von Cellulose als Rohstoffe dar.
Synthesis and chemical modification of new luminescent substituted poly(p‐phenylene) polymers
Authors: Chemli Mejed , Haj Said Ayoub , Fave Jean‐Louis , Barthou Carlos , Majdoub Mustapha 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA new acyl‐functionalized poly(p‐phenylene) (Ac‐PPP) was synthesized by Yamamoto cross‐coupling and chemically modified to obtain an anthracene‐containing derivative (An‐PPP). The chemical structures of the polymers were confirmed by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and FTIR spectroscopic analysis. They are fully soluble in common organic solvents and have number‐average molecular weight of 2.70 × 103 and 5.26 × 103 g mol−1 for Ac‐PPP and An‐PPP, respectively. The optical properties of the polymers were investigated by UV–visible absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies. A green emission was observed in Ac‐PPP solid thin film and a yellow one in the anthracene‐containing polymer An‐PPP. The optical bandgap values were 3.21 and 3.08 eV for Ac‐PPP and An‐PPP, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Near‐peer teaching in an anatomy course with a low faculty‐to‐student ratio
Authors: Durán Claudia Elisa Pámanes , Bahena Eduardo Navarro , Rodríguez María de los Ángeles García , Baca Guillermo Jacobo , Uresti Antonio Sánchez , Elizondo‐Omaña Rodrigo Enrique , López Santos Guzmán 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNear‐peer teaching is an educational format which utilizes tutors who are more advanced in a curriculum's content to supervise students' activities and to act as instructors in laboratory settings. This format is often used in anatomy laboratory courses. The goal of the present study is to describe the design and implementation of near‐peer teaching in an anatomy course and to evaluate students' perceptions of the program. A total of 700 students were registered for this anatomy course which employed near‐peer instructors. Of enrolled students, 558 (79.7%) agreed to participate in this study. In general, the practical section (e.g., the clinical hour, image‐based anatomy session, and gross anatomy laboratory) of the course was viewed more favorably compared to the theory section (54.8%, n = 306), with dissection and prosection in the laboratory rated as the most valued experiences (34.9%, n = 195). Near‐peer teaching is a viable option that satisfies the demands of modern curricula using small groups. This format stimulates learning within courses that have large numbers of students and low faculty‐to‐student ratios. Anat Sci Educ. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.