bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of the calcium-binding proteins MRP8 and MRP14 in granulomatous conditions: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: DELABIE J , WOLF-PEETERS C DE , OORD J J VAN DEN , DESMET V J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
MRP14 and MRP8 are well-characterized calcium-binding proteins present in myeloid cells and mononuclear phagocytes. These antigens can easily be visualized in paraffin-embedded tissue, making use of monospecific polyclonal antibodies. This study evaluates MRP14 and MRP8 expression in mononuclear phagocytes in various granulomatous conditions. MRP14 is strongly expressed in all granulomatous conditions. MRP8 is variably expressed. Mononuclear phagocytes in granulomas of foreign body type, cat-scratch discase and erythema nodosum strongly express MRP8. In contrast, MRP8 expression is weak or absent in mononuclear phagocytes of sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. These results show differences in immunophenotype between non-phagocytic mononuclear phagocytes in delayed hypersensitivity type granulomas and phagocytic mononuclear phagocytes in non-hypersensitivity and non-immunological granulomas.
Relationships between 2H4 (CD45RA) and UCHL1 (CD45RO) expression by normal blood CD4+CD8−, CD4−CD8+, CD4−CD8dim+, CD3+ CD4−CD8− and CD3−CD4−CD8− lymphocytes
Authors: RICHARDS S J , JONES R A , ROBERTS B E , PATEL D , SCOTT C S 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe characterized and established relationships between the expression of membrane 2H4 (CD45R A) and UCHL1 (CD45RO) by enriched lymphocyte fractions prepared by selective immunomagnetic depletion of monoclonal antibody-defined populations. Cell fractions analysed in this study could be divided into two broad groups according to the presence (CD.3+VCD4+CD8−, CD3+CD4−CD8+ CD3+ CD4− CD8dim+ and CD3+CD4− CD8−) or absence (CD3−CD4−CD8dim+ and CD3− CD4− CD8−) of the CD3 antigen. Preliminary studies confirmed a reciprocal relationship for CD45RA and CD45RO expression by major lymphoid components and further showed that the level or intensity of membrane 2H4 staining (2H4+, 2H4int and 2H4−) could be directly related to UCHLI expression. As a reflection of their differential functions, the various CD3+ populations examined showed much greater heterogeneity in 2H4 and UCHLI expression. CD3+CD4+CD8 cells generally showed significant proportions of 2H4+, 2H4int and 2H4− components, whereas the CD3+CD4−CD8+ population was characterized by a predominance of 2H4+ cells. The results of this current investigation further suggested a higher proportion of dual-positive (2H4+ UCHL1+) cells and a much greater degree of inter-individual variation than previously suspected. In contrast to CD3* lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) associated CD3−CD4− CD8dim+ and CD3−CD4−CD8−populations were mostly 2H4+ with only minor 2H4int components and very low expression of UCHL1. An additional observation of note was that the proportions of 2H4+ and 2H4− cells comprising the CD4+ CD8− fraction in any given individual was highly correlated (P= 0·002) with the distributions of 2H4+ and 2H4− components within the CD4− CD8+ fraction. This suggests the possible existence of a common control mechanism for the acquisition of immunological memory by distinct lymphocyte populations and further indicates that individual variations in the distribution of 2H4/UCHLI lymphocyte subpopulations may be a direct consequence of immunological experience’ rather than age alone.
Lack of association of T cell receptor beta-chain constant region polymorphism with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Finland
Authors: REIJONEN H , SILVENNOINEN-KASSINEN S , JLONEN J , KNIP M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
Allelic polymorphism in the T cell receptor constant beta-chain gene region has been reported to be associated with autoimmune diseases, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The present analysis of 164 children and adolescents with IDDM and 193 controls for Bq/II polymorphism using a TcR-Cβ cDNA probe revealed two allelic restriction fragments with sizes of 10.5 kb (U) and 9.6 kb (L). No particular association was observed between the RFLP genotypes and IDDM (UU 27%versus 31%; UL 53%versus 52%; and LL 20%versus 17%, in diabetic subjects and controls, respectively), nor were any differences found between patients with various HLA risk antigens. The frequency of heterozygotes was 52% in 63 DR3-positive diabetic subjects and 53% in 73 DR3-negative ones. The results do not support any involvement of the TcR constant region genes in susceptibility to IDDM.
Role of interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 in the mitogen responsiveness of T cells from patients with ‘common-variable’ hypogammaglobulinaemia
Authors: NORTH M E , WEBSTER A D B , FARRANT J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe have assessed the ability of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) to augment the proliferative response of T lymphocytes from ‘common-variable’ hypogammaglobulinaemia (CVH) patients and from normal controls, to the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and OKT3. We show that with cells from the control group and from those patients whose T cells respond to PHA within the control range, both IL-2 and IL-6 will significantly augment the response to OKT3. However, in those patients with a T cell defect in which the PHA response is below the control range, neither IL-2 nor IL-6 could restore the PHA or OKT3 response to normal. Responses to IL-2 or IL-6 alone were always in or above the control range.
IgG subclass antibodies toPseudomonas aeruginosain sera from patients with chronicPs. aeruginosainfection investigated by ELISA
Authors: PRESSLER T , PEDERSEN S S , ESPERSEN F , HØIBY N , KOCH C 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYELISAs using subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies were developed for the quantification of human IgGl, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 antibodies to Ps. aeruginosa. We investigated the pattern of IgG subclass antibodies against Ps. aeruginosa in serum from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). other patients with chronic Ps. aeruginosa infection, and healthy controls. Healthy controls and patients with CF but without Ps. aeruginosa infection showed no or very low litres of antibodies against Ps. aeruginosa. In the early stage of chronic Ps. aeruginosa infection, antibody litres in all four subclasses were significantly higher than either normals or CF patients without infection. Other patients with Ps. aeruginosa infection showed the same increased level of IgG subclass antibodies as CF patients in an early stage of infection. Sixteen patients (eight in good and eight in poor clinical condition) have been followed for an average of 13 years with multiple serum samples covering the pre-infection, early and late stages of chronic infection. Patients in a poor clinical condition showed significantly higher levels of IgG3 antibodies in the first year of infection and 2 years later also had significantly higher IgG2 antibody levels. We conclude that elevated levels of IgG2 and lgG3 antibodies to Ps. aeruginosa are a sign of poor prognosis in CF.
Reduced oxidative burst responses in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from HIV-infected subjects
Authors: MÜLLER F , ROLLAG H , FRØLAND S S 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYOxidative burst responses of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were studied in 40 subjects with HIV infection of different clinical stages. Oxidative burst was assessed as reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) with or without stimulants. Results were determined as oxidative burst responses per cell and as a stimulatory ratio between stimulated and unstimulated NBT reduction. Cells from 12 HIV-seronegative homosexual men and 38 blood donors served as control groups. In patients with asymptomatic HIV infection, monocyte oxidative burst responses were reduced compared with the blood donors. In MDM from the same patients, stimulatory ratios were reduced. In AIDS patients, stimulatory ratios of both monocytes and MDM were reduced compared with controls. In contrast to the progressive deterioration of CD4+ lymphocyte counts as well as other immune functions in HIV infection, monocyte oxidative burst responses are impaired already in the asymptomatic phase of the infection, almost to the same extent as in patients with AIDS.
Epitope mapping of an HLA-B27 monoclonal antibody that also reacts with a 35-kD bacterial outer-membrane protein
Authors: TOUBERT A , HAMACHI M , RAFFOUX C , PARK M S , YU D T Y 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYYe-3 is an HLA-B27-specific murine monoclonal antibody recognizing the heat-modifiable protein of Enterobacteriaceae. Here we used recombinant hybrid molecules between the HLA-B7 and HLA-B27 antigens to delineate the epitope recognized by Ye-3. Results of these experiments indicated that the segment of HLA-B*2705 spanning residues 77–81 was critical to the reactive epitope. It is known to be a major serological and functional recognition site of HLA-B*2705 and our data give support for its involvement also in the serological cross-reactivity with bacterial antigens.
Changes in plasma levels of interleukin-2 receptor in relation to disease exacerbations and levels of anti-dsDNA and complement in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: TER BORG E J , HORST G , LIMBURG P C , KALLENBERG C G M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYInterleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is expressed and released predominantly by activated T cells. In order to investigate whether disease exacerbations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are preceded by T cell activation, we prospectively measured levels of IL-2R once a month, from 6 months prior to exacerbations until 1 month afterwards. To assess the temporal relation between T cell activation and B cell activation, we measured, in addition, levels of anti-dsDNA, complement C3JC4, and total IgG. During a mean follow-up period of 23 months, 40 exacerbations occurred in 21 out of the 71 participating patients. For the present study one exacerbation per patient was evaluated. During exacerbation levels of IL-2R were increased in 18 out of the 21 cases and correlated with levels of anti-dsDNA (P &lt; 0.02). C3 (P &lt; 0.02), and C4 (P &lt; 0.01), but not with the score of the disease activity index. Levels of IL-2R rose prior to the excerbation (P &lt; 0.02) and fell afterwards following treatment (P &lt; 0.05). Even in the absence of disease activity or during minor disease symptoms IL-2R levels were higher (P &lt; 0.01) than in healthy controls. Sixteen out of the 21 exacerbations (76%) were preceded by a significant increase in IL-2R. Changes in levels of anti-dsDNA and complement C3JC4 tended to precede changes in levels of IL-2R. We conclude that increased levels of IL-2R, compatible with T cell activation, are present in SLE already during inactive disease. These levels further increased prior to exacerbations of disease. As such, IL-2R is an indicator of disease activity in SLE. Serial measurement of IL-2R is a sensitive test for predicting disease exacerbations of SLE.
Accelerated expression of anti-Sm and Y2 idiotype differ in dependence on T cell subsets in MRL/+ mice
Authors: MILLER M L , DANG H , TALAL N 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe investigated the role of MRL T cells in the induction of anti-Sm antibodies and Y2 idiotype. Four injections of Sm antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant were required to induce peak amounts of specific anti-Sm antibody in young BALBJc and MRL/+ mice. The Y2 idiotype was expressed in MRL/+ mice but not in BALBJc mice. Expression of both anti-Sm, predominantly IgG2a heavy chain, and Y2 idiotype was augmented in MRL/+ mice after two injections of Sm if. prior to immunization, mice received splenicTcells from naive MRL/lpr or immunized, but not naive MRL/+ mice. These results suggest that the lpr gene contributes to the ability of autoimmune T cells to augment the anti-Sm antibody response. Treatment of primed M RL/+ donor T cells with anti-CD4, but not anti-CD8, antibodies and complement removed the ability to augment anti-Sm antibody production. In contrast, augmentation of Y2 idiotype production was abrogated by pretreatment of donor T cells with either anti-CD4 or anti-CD8. These results suggest that, while MRLJ+ CD4 + T cells play an important role in anti-Sm antibody production, additional interaction between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells augments Y2 expression.
Sera with high levels of anti-smooth muscle and anti-mitochondrial antibodies frequently bind to cytoskeleton proteins
Authors: DIGHIERO G , LYMBERI P , MONOT C , ABUAF N 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYUsing ELISA methods, 54 sera from chronic active hepatitis (CAH) patients displaying high levels of anti-smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) and 18 sera from primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients with high levels of anti-M2 antibodies were examined for the presence of high antibody levels against actin, tubulin, myosin, tropomyosin, troponin. vimenlin and desmin. Our results showed that: (i) in CAH with high SMA activity, increased antibody levels were found in 51-9% of sera for actin, 31.5% for myosin, 35.2% for tubulin, 34.0% for tropomyosin, 11.3% for troponin. 22.6% for vimentin and 43.4% for desmin, compared with natural antibody levels in 21 normal sera; (ii) Similar high levels of these antibodies were found in the case of PBC; (iii) in most cases, sera simultaneously bound to several antigens of the panel; and (iv) approximately 26% of the CAH sera were found to be negative with the seven antigens examined while 22% were reacted with a cytoskeleton protein (CP) other than actin. These results indicate that current opinion associating SMA with anti-actin activity in CAH is confirmed for only 50% of cases and that although a good correlation between SMA and anti-CP antibodies can be obtained, there is still a significant percentage of SMA for which the putative antigen recognized needs to be determined.
Plasma and tissue interleukin-2 receptor levels in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: MAHIDA Y R , GALLAGHER A , KURLAK L , HAWKEY C J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYPlasma and tissue interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) levels were determined in patients with active ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Compared with healthy controls (median 440 U/ml; range 240–900), significantly higher levels of plasma IL-2R were present in patients with active ulcerative colitis (median 1180 U/ml; range 580–7150; P &lt; 0.002) and Crohn's disease (median 1340 U/ml; range 480–9000; P &lt; 0002). Compared with other laboratory parameters, plasma IL-2R levels were related most closely to clinical score of disease activity in Crohn's disease. Plasma IL-2R levels also reflected the clinical course and may provide a more accurate assessment of disease activity in Crohn's disease. In plasma of patients undergoing intestinal resection of active inflammatory bowel disease, raised levels of IL-2R were present in samples from mesenteric vein (draining inflamed intestine) compared with those from peripheral vein. In tissue homogenates of colonic biopsies, significantly higher levels of IL-2R were present in specimens from colons with active ulcerative colitis compared with healthy controls (median 230.2, range 20.7–581.5 versus 77.9, range 34.2–291.3; P &lt; 0.02).
Signal requirements for activation of leukaemic T cells from a chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (T-CLL)
Authors: ZOCCHI M R , POGGI A , HELTAI S , VILLA A , INVERARDI L , VICARI A , SABBADINI M G , FERRARINI M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn order to define the signal requirements Tor leukaemic T cell activation, the proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production of peripheral lymphocytes from a patient with a HTLV-I., CD4+, CD45RA+ CD45RO+ CD25- T-CLL were evaluated after the delivery of different stimuli. Unlike resting CD4+ normal T lymphocytes that can be activated only by a two-signal stimulation. T-CLL cells proliferated and released IL-2 in response to a pair of anti-CD2 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) or concanavalin A (Con A) in the absence of both accessory cells (AC) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The two stimuli were also able to induce CD25 expression within 12–20 h on the majority of T-CLL cells. A response to anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 MoAbs was detected only in the presence of PMA, similar to that observed in normal resting T lymphocytes matched for phenotype. Both Con A-and CD2-induccd proliferation were strongly inhibited by the addition of anti-CD2S MoAb. Furthermore, T-CLL lymphocytes acquired anti-tumour lytic activity after culture in the presence of PMA and ionomycin. We conclude that HTLV1 CD25 T-CLL can be characterized not only by morphological and phenotypical studies but also on the basis of signal requirements for cell activation.
NADP+ reduction by human lymphocytes
Authors: KLEIN A , CHAN A W-L , CAPLAN B U , MALKIN A 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
The hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) is known to be responsible for the reduction of NADP+ by lymphocytes. We tried to find other enzymatic systems that might provide the lymphocytes with NADPH. By measuring the absorbance at 340 nm we noted that the addition of NADP+ to a preparation of disrupted lymphocytes resulted in the formation of NADPH at a rate of 4 nmol/106 cells per min. This phenomenon could not be changed by negative feedback inhibition of HMPS, and could not be attributed to the low concentration of glucose, glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and isocitrate found in the cell preparation (NADP+ -dependent isocitratc dehydrogenase in addition to HMPS NADP+ reducing enzymes was found to be present in lymphocytes). Because of the activity of a NADP+ -dependent lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate oxidized the NADPH as it was being formed. Here we demonstrate the presence of an unknown NADP+ reducer in lymphocytes which seems to play an additional role to HMPS in NADP+ reduction by lymphocytes. NADP+-dependent lactate dehydrogenase may play a role in regulating the NADP+/NADPH ratio.
Phase I trial with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2): immune activation by rIL-2 alone or following pretreatment with recombinant interferon-gamma
Authors: FARACE F , MATHIOT C , BRANDELY M , TURSZ T , DORVAL T , POUILLART P , TRIEBEL F , HERCEND T , FRIDMAN W H 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYAlterations of imniunological parameters were analysed in patients with advanced malignancies during a phase I trial with rIL-2. Five-day infusions of rIL-2 at doses from 1 × 106 to 24 × 106 biological response modifiers program (BRMP) U/m2 per day were given to 29 patients, with a minimum of three patients per dose. The dose of 24 × 106 U/m2 per day was the maximal tolerated dose (MTD). Immunological parameters were analysed at days 0, 8 and 11 of the rIL-2 courses. Following a leucopenia during rlL-2 infusion, a lymphocytosis was found in all patients except one. The lymphocylosis peaked at day 8 and was detected at doses of rIL-2 as low as 1 × 106 U/m2 per day, reaching a plateau at a dose of 16 × 106 U/m2 per day. Although all lymphocyte subsets were increased in patients receiving rIL-2. some patients had predominant T cells (CD3+, NKH1(CD56)-), others had predominant natural killer (NK) cells (CD3-. NKH1(CD56)+), and yet others showed a mixed profile. A strong induction of cells cytotoxic for K.562 targets was found in all patients at days 8 and 11. Eighteen patients received, 1 month later, a second treatment in which infusion of rIL-2 was preceded by a course of 5 days infusion of 2 × 106 U/m2 per day recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-γ)- The infusion of rIFN-γ prior to rIL-2 had no effect on the rIL-2-induced alterations of immunological parameters. Taken together, our results suggest that immune stimulation by rIL-2 occurs even at low doses and is maximal at a dose below the MTD; and that pretreatment with low-dose rlFN-γ does not modify the immune stimulation by rIL-2.
Interferon-gamma potentiates antibody affinity in mice with a genetically controlled defect in affinity maturation
Authors: HOLLAND G P , HOLLAND N , STEWARD M W 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYInterferon-gamma (IFN-γ), the tetrapeptide tuftsin and the synthetic nonapeptide from interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 β) (amino acids 163–171) have previously been shown to act on macrophages and/or T cells and to enhance antibody titres to T cell-dependent antigens. The ability of these immunomodulatory agents to potentiate antibody affinity in addition to antibody titre has been studied in a line of mice that fail to demonstrate normal maturation of antibody affinity (low N/M mice). The results presented here confirm that each of the agents potentiate antibody levels following simultaneous injection with a T cell-dependent antigen but demonstrate that only IFN-γ is able to enhance antibody affinity in these mice. The observation that IFN-γ can enhance both antibody affinity and antibody levels suggests that it could be an important adjuvant for vaccine use.
Thyroid autoantigens and human T cell responses
Authors: FUKUMA N , MCLACHLAN S M , RAPOPORT B , GOODACRE J , MIDDLETON S L , PHILLIPS D I W , PEGG C A S , SMITH B REES 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
We investigated the ability of T cells from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and with Graves' disease as well as control donors to proliferate in response to thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin using (i) lymphoid cells from different lymphoid organs; (ii) unfractionated or CD8-depleted lymphoid suspensions or T cells+autologous low density cells (LDC); (iii) 200-μI well cultures and 20-μl hanging-drop microcultures; and (iv) intact TPO and thyroglobulin, denatured thyroglobulin and 12 synthetic peptides predicted on the basis of the amino acid sequence of TPO to be T cell epitopes. In 200-μl well cultures, proliferative responses (assessed in terms of 3H-thymidine uptake) to intact TPO or thyroglobulin, digested thyroglobulin or synthetic TPO peptides were not significantly different in unfractionated or CD8-depleted lymphoid suspensions from blood, thyroid or lymph nodes of TPO/thyroglobulin autoantibody-positive patients, autoantibody-negative patients or control donors. In contrast, blood T cells from some high titre patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (but not from healthy individuals) proliferated in response to intact thyroglobulin or TPO presented by autologous LDC in hanging-drop microcultures. Heat denatured thyroglobulin (with which thyroglobulin autoantibodies do not interact) did not stimulate proliferation and this observation, together with the ability of T cells from some patients to respond to intact thyroglobulin in the absence of LDC, indicated that thyroglobulin-specific B cells may be involved in antigen presentation. As we were unable to demonstrate proliferation by blood T cells + LDC from all thyroglobulin antibody-positive patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, our studies suggest that the presence of sufficient precursor T cells, as well as the number and type of antigen-presenting cells, are critical for T cell proliferative responses to human TPO and thyroglobulin.