bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain and personality bases of insensitivity to infant cues in neglectful mothers: An event-related potential study
Authors: Rodrigo María José , León Inmaculada , Quiñones Ileana , Lage Agustín , Byrne Sonia , Bobes María Antonieta 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis investigation examined the neural and personality correlates of processing infant facial expressions in mothers with substantiated neglect of a child under 5 years old. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 14 neglectful and 14 control mothers as they viewed and categorized pictures of infant cries, laughs, and neutral faces. Maternal self-reports of anhedonia and empathy were also completed. Early (negative occipitotemporal component peaking at around 170 ms on the scalp [N170] and positive electrical potential peaking at about 200 ms [P200]) and late positive potential (LPP) components were selected. Both groups of mothers showed behavioral discrimination between the different facial expressions via reaction time and accuracy measures. Neglectful mothers did not exhibit increased N170 amplitude at temporal leads in response to viewing crying versus laughing and neutral expressions compared to control mothers. Both groups had greater P200 and LPP amplitudes at centroparietal leads in response to viewing crying versus neutral facial expressions. However, neglectful mothers displayed an overall attenuated brain response in LPP that was related to their higher scores in social anhedonia but not to their empathy scores. The ERP data suggest that the brain's failures in the early differentiation of cry stimuli and in the sustained processing of infant expressions related to social anhedonia may underlie the insensitive responding in neglectful mothers. The implications of these results for the design and evaluation of preventive interventions are discussed.
Individual differences in the development of early peer aggression: Integrating contributions of self-regulation, theory of mind, and parenting
Authors: Olson Sheryl L. , Lopez-Duran Nestor , Lunkenheimer Erika S. , Chang Hyein , Sameroff Arnold J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis prospective longitudinal study focused on self-regulatory, social–cognitive, and parenting precursors of individual differences in children's peer-directed aggression at early school age. Participants were 199 3-year-old boys and girls who were reassessed following the transition to kindergarten (5.5–6 years). Peer aggression was assessed in preschool and school settings using naturalistic observations and teacher reports. Children's self-regulation abilities and theory of mind understanding were assessed during a laboratory visit, and parenting risk (corporal punishment and low warmth/responsiveness) was assessed using interview-based and questionnaire measures. Individual differences in children's peer aggression were moderately stable across the preschool to school transition. Preschool-age children who manifested high levels of aggressive peer interactions also showed lower levels of self-regulation and theory of mind understanding, and experienced higher levels of adverse parenting than others. Our main finding was that early corporal punishment was associated with increased levels of peer aggression across the transition from preschool to school, as was the interaction between low maternal emotional support and children's early delays in theory of mind understanding. These data highlight the need for family-directed preventive efforts during the early preschool years.
Changes in women's alcoholic, antisocial, and depressive symptomatology over 12 years: A multilevel network of individual, familial, and neighborhood influences
Authors: Buu Anne , Wang Wei , Wang Jing , Puttler Leon I. , Fitzgerald Hiram E. , Zucker Robert A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn a sample of 273 adult women and their families, we examined the effects of women's psychopathology history, their social support, their husbands' and children's symptomatology, family stress, and neighborhood environment on their alcohol problems, antisocial behavior, and depression over a 12-year period during their 30s and early 40s. Women's alcohol problems and antisocial behavior decreased but their depression symptoms increased over time. Women's disorder history and their partners' parallel symptomatology were associated with their symptoms. For women's antisocial behavior, their own history of alcoholism and their partners' alcohol problems were also significant risk factors. Higher levels of social support were associated with lower levels of depression in women. Children's externalizing behavior was positively correlated with their mothers' alcohol problems and antisocial behavior, whereas children's internalizing behavior was positively correlated with their mothers' depression. Neighborhood residential instability was associated with higher levels of alcoholic and depressive symptomatology in women. Intervention efforts might target women with young children by improving social support, educational or professional training opportunity, access to family counseling, and neighborhood environment.
Diet cost, diet quality and socio-economic position: how are they related and what contributes to differences in diet costs?
Authors: Rydén Petra J , Hagfors Linda 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine diet costs in relation to dietary quality and socio-economic position, and to investigate underlying reasons for differences in diet costs.DesignDietary intake was assessed by a 4 d food diary and evaluated using the 2005 Healthy Eating Index (HEI). National consumer food prices collected by Statistics Sweden and from two online stores/supermarkets were used to estimate diet costs.SettingSweden.SubjectsA nationally representative sample of 2160 children aged 4, 8 or 11 years.ResultsHigher scores on the HEI resulted in higher diet costs and, conversely, higher diet costs were linked to increased total HEI scores. Children who consumed the most healthy and/or expensive diets ate a more energy-dilute and varied diet compared with those who ate the least healthy and/or least expensive diets. They also consumed more fish, ready meals and fruit. Regression analysis also linked increased food costs to these food groups. There was a positive, but weak, relationship between HEI score and diet cost, parental education and parental occupation respectively.ConclusionsHealthy eating is associated with higher diet cost in Swedish children, in part because of price differences between healthy and less-healthy foods. The cheapest and most unhealthy diets were found among those children whose parents were the least educated and had manual, low-skill occupations. Our results pose several challenges for public health policy makers, as well as for nutrition professionals, when forming dietary strategies and providing advice for macro- and microlevels in society.
A study investigating professional attitudes and confidence in providing sexuality information to prostate cancer patients
Authors: Griffiths D. , Hodgson D.A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPurpose: Sexual dysfunction is a well-documented side effect of radical radiotherapy treatment for prostate cancer and the provision of information to patients is often a radiotherapist and assistant role. The study sought to measure the attitudes and beliefs of individuals before and after an educational intervention and establish current practice in providing sexual information.Method: A quantitative approach with a minor qualitative element was used. A simple pre–post test questionnaire design using an adapted version of the Reynold and Magnan (2005) Sexual Attitudes and Beliefs’ Questionnaire was utilised. The educational intervention was a Reflective Learning Package (RLP).Results: Fifty-six participants took part, a response rate of 87.5%. The data was analysed using SPSS, version 15. The RLP had a highly significant effect on improving the attitudes and beliefs of the participants (Wilcoxon test 0.000 p < 0.001). Qualitative data key themes showed lack of knowledge, confidence and embarrassment were the main barriers to giving sexuality information during the ‘first day chat’.Conclusion: There may be a need to address the current methods of education and support of staff being prepared to perform this important role and to recognise that personal limitations may influence the individuals’ effectiveness in communicating sexuality information.
A transdiagnostic self-help guide for anxiety: two preliminary controlled trials in subclinical student samples
Authors: Dixon Clare , Mansell Warren , Rawlinson Elizabeth , Gibson Alisha 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSelf-help therapies, such as bibliotherapy, are becoming increasingly more available to the general population as a treatment for psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety. However, relatively few of these self-help books are properly evaluated to test their treatment efficacy. Two studies aimed to test a new self-help book to treat fears, phobias and anxiety in order to see if symptoms of anxiety and associated symptoms, such as functioning and coping, were improved compared to baseline scores and a waiting-list control group. Study 1 adopted a minimal guided approach (experimental group:n= 25; waiting-list control group:n= 29) whereas Study 2 adopted a non-guided approach (experimental group:n= 17; waiting-list control group:n= 16). In both studies, functioning and coping were improved and the current state of phobic symptoms was reduced. The main phobia improved only when adopting a guided approach and general psychological distress only reduced when adopting a non-guided approach. These studies provide preliminary support for a modest effect in a subclinical population. The results could have good implications for the treatment of anxiety and the use of self-help methods as an additional treatment aid or as a preventative treatment.
Data sharing: What about epidemiological cohorts?
Authors: Goldberg Marcel , Zins Marie 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGeneral-purpose population-based cohorts can be powerful scientific platforms. The Gazel Cohort Study, a French cohort of 20,000 adults followed-up since more than 20 years, was designed as an open epidemiologic laboratory, hosting more than 40 nested research projects from French and international teams.Formal rules were elaborated to define the way that the Gazel database can be accessed.One of the main problems faced by the Gazel team members is scientific recognition of their work, as the large majority of the publications come from external research groups.
Endogenous and Enhanced Oxidative Cross‐Linking in Wheat Flour Mill Streams
Authors: Ramseyer Daniel D. , Bettge Arthur D. , Morris Craig F. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTA better understanding of the variation in oxidative cross‐linking potential among flour mill streams can improve flour quality through the formulating of superior flour blends, and hence end‐product attributes. The purpose of this research was to study the variation of oxidative cross‐linking among 10 Miag Multomat pilot mill streams from 31 hard, soft and club wheat cultivars using Bostwick viscosity measurements. Flour slurries were made with either water alone (to measure the endogenous oxidative cross‐linking viscosity) or with added hydrogen peroxide‐peroxidase (to measure the enhanced oxidative cross‐linking viscosity). Hard cultivars tended to produce more viscous flour slurries for both water and peroxide‐peroxidase viscosity measurements in most mill streams. Mill streams with high oxidative cross‐linking potential were those with the largest differences between water and peroxide‐peroxidase viscosity including 1st Break, 1st and 2nd Middlings, and 1st Midds Redust. Conversely, mill streams 3rd Break and 4th and 5th Middlings were the least likely to form oxidative cross‐links. The ability to form oxidative cross‐links is dependent on the availability of ferulic acid and tyrosine residues. Therefore, the arabinoxylan and protein polymers in mill streams that have a high oxidative cross‐linking potential have a structure that is more conducive to forming oxidative cross‐links.
First Report of Microcyclosporella mali Causing Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Disease on Plum in Poland
Authors: Mirzwa-Mróz E. , Wińska-Krysiak M. , Marcinkowska J. , Gleason M. L. 
Published: January 2011

Sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS), a disease caused by a complex of fungi, results in substantial economic losses for commercial growers of scab-resistant apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) cultivars in Poland. However, many species causing SBFS in Poland are unidentified and sources of inoculum are uncertain. In August 2009, signs of SBFS were noted on fruit of plum (Prunus domestica L., cvs. Sweet Common Prune and Oullins Golden Gage) in orchards near Mostki in central Poland. Colonies consisted of olive green-to-black mycelial mats with few sclerotium-like bodies; infections ranged in severity from scattered spots to nearly complete coverage of the fruit surface. Ten of these colonies were isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After 10 days of incubation at 22°C, total DNA was extracted; amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA utilized primers ITS1 and ITS4 (1). Nucleotide sequences were analyzed by ClustalW and compared with sequences in GenBank using BLAST. Sequences showed 99 to 100% homology to Microcyclosporella mali (2), which was formerly assigned as Pseudocercosporella sp. (1). Sequences from five isolates were submitted to GenBank (Accession Nos. HM101275, HM101276, HM101277, HM101278, and HM101279). Morphological characteristics–conidiogenous cells integrated, sympodial and polyblastic; conidial scars nonthickened and inconspicuous; conidia hyaline, subcylindric, narrow, straight or very slightly curved, truncate at the base and obtuse at the apex, often catenulate in simple or branched chains, with one (commonly) to five septa (12.5 × 2.6 to 50.7 × 4.0 μm)–were consistent with descriptions of M. mali (2). To fulfill Koch's postulates, each of the 10 isolates was used to inoculate three healthy apple fruit (cv. Golden Delicious) that had been previously washed under tap water and disinfested with 70% ethanol. After fruit were swabbed with cotton plugs that had been saturated with a suspension of spores in sterile distilled water (SDW), inoculated fruit were placed on filter paper that had been moistened with SDW, then sealed in foil bags and incubated at 22°C. When bags were removed 5 weeks later, dark colonies had appeared on the fruit. Isolates obtained from these colonies were morphologically identical to those used for inoculation. Control (SDW-inoculated and noninoculated) fruit that were incubated in the same manner developed no colonies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SBFS on plum caused by M. mali in Poland; it had previously been noted as part of the SBFS complex on apple in Germany and Slovenia (2) and on apple and plum in the United States (3). References: (1) J. C. Batzer et al. Mycologia 97:1268, 2005. (2) J. Frank et al. Persoonia 24:93, 2010. (3) J. Latinović et al. Plant Dis. 91:1685, 2007.
Use of invasive placebos in research on local anaesthetic interventions
Authors: McGuirk S. , Fahy C. , Costi D. , Cyna A. M. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryPlacebos play a vital role in clinical research, but their invasive use in the context of local anaesthetic blocks is controversial. We assessed whether recently published randomised controlled trials of local anaesthetic blocks risked harming control group patients in contravention of the Declaration of Helsinki. We developed the ‘SHAM’ (Serious Harm and Morbidity) scale to assess risk: grade 0 = no risk (no intervention); grade 1 = minimal risk (for example, skin allergy to dressing); grade 2 = minor risk (for example, subcutaneous haematoma, infection); grade 3 = moderate risk (with or without placebo injection) (for example, neuropraxia); and grade 4 = major risk (such as blindness, pneumothorax, or liver laceration). Placebo interventions of the 59 included trials were given a SHAM grade. Nine hundred and nineteen patients in 31 studies, including six studies with 183 children, received an invasive placebo assessed as SHAM grade ≥ 3. A high level of agreement (78%, κ = 0.80, p < 0.001) for SHAM grades 0–4 increased to 100% following discussion between assessors. More than half of the randomised controlled study designs subjected patients in control groups to risks of serious or irreversible harm. A debate on whether it is justifiable to expose control group patients to risks of serious harm is overdue.
Changing practice with changing research: results of two UK national surveys of intensive insulin therapy in intensive care patients*
Authors: Paddle J. J. , Eve R. L. , Sharpe K. A. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryWe conducted two telephone surveys of all United Kingdom adult intensive care units in 2007/8 and 2010 to assess practice with regard to intensive insulin therapy for glycaemic control in critically ill patients, and to assess the change in practice following publications in 2008 and 2009 that challenged the evidence for this therapy. Of 243 units that had a written policy for intensive insulin therapy in 2007/8, 232 (96%) still had a policy in 2010. One hundred and six (46%) units had updated their policy in response to new evidence, whereas 126 (54%) stated that it had remained the same. Where intensive care units had changed their policy, we found a significant increase in target limits and a wider target range. Regional variations in practice were also seen. Across seven regions, the percentage of units where the glycaemic control policy had been updated since 2007/8 varied from nil to 78.9%.
Controversies in the physiological basis of the ‘anaerobic threshold’ and their implications for clinical cardiopulmonary exercise testing
Authors: Hopker J. G. , Jobson S. A. , Pandit J. J. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThis article reviews the notion of the ‘anaerobic threshold’ in the context of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Primarily, this is a review of the proposed mechanisms underlying the ventilatory and lactate response to incremental exercise, which is important to the clinical interpretation of an exercise test. Since such tests are often conducted for risk stratification before major surgery, a failure to locate or justify the existence of an anaerobic threshold will have some implications for clinical practice. We also consider alternative endpoints within the exercise response that might be better used to indicate a patient’s capacity to cope with the metabolic demands encountered both during and following major surgery.
An evaluation of underbody forced‐air and resistive heating during hypothermic, on‐pump cardiac surgery*
Authors: Engelen S. , Himpe D. , Borms S. , Berghmans J. , Van Cauwelaert P. , Dalton J. E. , Sessler D. I. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryWe conducted a randomised controlled trial to compare the efficacy of underbody forced‐air warming (Arizant Healthcare Inc, Eden Prairie, MN, USA) with an underbody resistive heating mattress (Inditherm Patient Warming System, Rotherham, UK) and passive insulation in 129 patients having hypothermic cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients were separated from cardiopulmonary bypass at a core temperature of 35 °C and external warming continued until the end of surgery. Before cardiopulmonary bypass, the temperature‐vs‐time slopes were significantly greater in both active warming groups than in the passive insulation group (p < 0.001 for each). However, the slopes of forced‐air and resistive warming did not differ (p = 0.55). After cardiopulmonary bypass, the rate of rewarming was significantly greater with forced‐air than with resistive warming or passive insulation (p < 0.001 for each), while resistive warming did not differ from passive insulation (p = 0.14). However, absolute temperature differences among the groups were small.
Antibody arrays identify protein‐protein interactions in chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Patel Hetal , Nteliopoulos Georgios , Nikolakopoulou Zacharoula , Jackson Amanda , Gordon Myrtle Y. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryMultiprotein complex formation with p210BCR‐ABL1 is likely to play a major role in determining cellular abnormalities in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Although many p210BCR‐ABL1 binding partners have been identified, it is likely that many have not. We evaluated the use of co‐immunoprecipitation and antibody arrays and found that this approach is capable of identifying new p210BCR‐ABL1 binding partners, and may contribute to the search for new therapeutic targets in CML.
Intravenous immunoglobulin attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of allergic asthma
Authors: Kaufman G. N. , Massoud A. H. , Audusseau S. , Banville‐Langelier A.‐A. , Wang Y. , Guay J. , Garellek J. A. , Mourad W. , Piccirillo C. A. , McCusker C. , Mazer B. D. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryBackground
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has potent anti‐inflammatory and immune‐modulating properties. IVIG has been utilized as a steroid‐sparing agent in severe asthma, but the results of clinical trials have been conflicting.Objective
To determine whether IVIG is able to attenuate bronchial reactivity, pulmonary inflammation and T cell function using a murine model of allergic airways disease.Methods
BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) or a phosphate‐buffered saline control using local nasal sensitization, and then received five intranasal challenges on days 28–32 before sacrifice. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with either IVIG (1–2 g/kg) or equivalent human serum albumin 24 h before the first OVA challenge. Bronchial reactivity to methacholine was examined using the FlexiVent small animal ventilator. We evaluated pulmonary histology, mRNA from lung digests for T‐helper type 2 (Th2)‐related genes and bronchoalveolar lavage for cell counts and cytokines. Splenocytes were utilized to study OVA‐induced cell proliferation, cytokine production and dendritic cell maturation.Results
IVIG markedly attenuated the perivascular and peribronchial pulmonary inflammation, and decreased bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. IVIG treatment of splenocytes from sensitized animals diminished cellular proliferation to OVA, whereas IVIG treatment in vivo markedly attenuated OVA‐driven splenocyte proliferation. This is accompanied by diminished IL‐13 and TNF‐α levels in splenocyte culture, decreased expression of Jagged‐1, increased Delta‐4 and decreased GATA‐3 mRNA levels, signs that IVIG has suppressed the expected Th2 response that accompanies repeated allergen exposure. Increased regulatory T cells were found in draining pulmonary lymph nodes in IVIG‐treated mice but not in controls.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
IVIG was effective in ameliorating allergic airway disease in our model. IVIG may be a promising adjunct therapy requiring further study for patients with severe asthma. Cite this as: G. N. Kaufman, A. H. Massoud, S. Audusseau, A.‐A. Banville‐Langelier, Y. Wang, J. Guay, J. A. Garellek, W. Mourad, C. A. Piccirillo, C. McCusker and B. D. Mazer, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 718–728.