bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term effectiveness of a nutritional program in reducing early childhood caries: a randomized trial
Authors: Feldens Carlos Alberto , Giugliani Elsa Regina Justo , Duncan Bruce Bartholow , Drachler Maria de Lourdes , Vítolo Márcia Regina 
Published: April 2010

Feldens CA, Giugliani ERJ, Duncan BB, Drachler ML, Vítolo MR. Long‐term effectiveness of a nutritional program in reducing early childhood caries: a randomized trial. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 324–332. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objectives:  To investigate the effectiveness of home visits advising mothers about healthy feeding practices during the first year of life on the occurrence of early childhood caries and severe early childhood caries at 4 years of age.Methods:  We conducted a parallel randomized trial of mothers of single, full‐term children with birthweight ≥ 2500g in São Leopoldo, Brazil. The intervention group received monthly advice up to 6 months and then at 8, 10 and 12 months by undergraduate nutrition students, based on the ``Ten Steps for Healthy Feeding'', a Brazilian national health policy for primary care based on World Health Organization guidelines. The primary outcome was the occurrence of early childhood caries at age four. Secondary outcomes included the occurrence of severe early childhood caries and the number of affected teeth: decayed (white spots and cavities), missing and filled teeth (d1+mft). Blinded observers ascertained feeding habits in the home and one blinded dentist performed dental examinations in a municipal clinic. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00629629.Results:  Of 500 mother‐child pairs (200 intervention, 300 control) enrolled, 340 (141 intervention, 199 control) completed 4 year follow‐up. As 138 (69.3%) controls but only 76 (53.9%) intervention children had early childhood caries, home counseling reduced incidence by 22% (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.65‐0.93). Severe early childhood caries incidence was reduced by 32% (RR 0.68; 95% CI 050‐0.92). The mean number of affected teeth was lower for the intervention group (3.25) compared with the control group (4.15) (Mann Whitney U‐test; p=0.023). No adverse effects were noted.Conclusions:  Home nutritional advice during the first year of life decreases caries incidence and severity at four years of age in a low income community.
Self‐rated oral health and associated factors in Brazilian elders
Authors: Pattussi Marcos Pascoal , Peres Karen Glazer , Boing Antonio Fernando , Peres Marco Aurélio , Da Costa Juvenal Soares Dias 
Published: April 2010

Pattussi MP, Peres KG, Boing AF, Peres MA, da Costa JSD. Self‐rated oral health and associated factors in Brazilian elders. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 348–359. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objective:  Self‐rating provides a simple direct way of capturing perceptions of health. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of poor self‐rated oral health among elders.Methods:  National data from a cross‐sectional population‐based study with a multistage random sample of 4786 Brazilian older adults (aged 65–74) in 250 towns were analysed. Data collection included oral examinations (WHO 1997) and struct‐ured interviews at elderly households. The outcome was measured by a single five‐point‐response‐scale question dichotomized into ‘poor’ (fair/poor/very poor) and ‘good’ (good/very good) self‐rated oral health. Data analyses used Poisson regression models stratified by sex.Results:  The prevalence of poor self‐rated oral health was 46.6% (95% CI: 45.2–48%) in the whole sample, 50.3% (48–52.5) in men and 44.2% (42.4–46) in women. Higher prevalence ratios (PR) were found in elders reporting unfavourable dental appearance (PR = 2.31; 95% CI: 2.02–2.65), poor chewing ability (PR = 1.64; CI: 1.48–1.8) and dental pain (PR = 1.44; CI: 1.04–1.23) in adjusted analysis. Poor self‐perception was also associated with being men, black, unfavourable socioeconomic circumstances, unfavourable clinical oral health and with not using or needing a dental prosthesis.Conclusion:  Assessment and understanding of self‐rated oral health should take into account social factors, subjective and clinical oral symptoms.
A comparison of a generic and oral health–specific measure in assessing the impact of early childhood caries on quality of life
Authors: Lee Gillian H.M. , McGrath Colman , Yiu Cynthia K.Y. , King Nigel M. 
Published: April 2010

Lee GHM, McGrath C, Yiu CKY, King NM. A comparison of a generic and oral health–specific measure in assessing the impact of early childhood caries on quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 333–339. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the performance of a generic health‐related quality‐of‐life measure, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 (PedsQL™ 4.0) and an oral health–specific quality‐of‐life measure, the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) in assessing the impact of severe early childhood caries (S‐ECC) on the children’s quality of life.Methods: A trained and calibrated examiner conducted a clinical oral assessment of 111 children (mean age: 49 ± 12 months): 64 of whom were categorized as having S‐ECC and 47 as being caries‐free. Primary caregivers completed a Chinese version of the PedsQL™ 4.0 and the ECOHIS. Clinical examinations were conducted blind of the parental assessments.Results: The ECOHIS scores were significantly higher for the S‐ECC group than for the caries‐free group (P ≤ 0.001). No significant difference was found between the PedsQL™ 4.0 scores in relation to caries status, except for the subscale of physical functioning (P = 0.04). Correlation of caries status with the ECOHIS scores was strong (r = 0.66;P < 0.01). No significant correlation was found between PedsQL™ 4.0 scores and caries status (r = 0.02;P > 0.05).Conclusions: The oral health–specific measure, ECOHIS, shows better discriminant property between children with S‐ECC and caries‐free children than the generic measure, PedsQL™ 4.0. The ECOHIS appears more sensitive than PedsQL™ 4.0 in assessing the impact of dental caries on the life quality of preschool children.
Cardiovascular Aspects of Sexual Medicine
Authors: Jackson Graham , Montorsi Piero , Adams Michael A. , Anis Tarek , El-Sakka Ahmed , Miner Martin , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Kim Edward 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common and considered to be predominantly of vascular origin.

Aim
To evaluate the link between ED and coronary artery disease (CAD) and provide a consensus report regarding evaluation and management.

Methods
A committee of eight experts from six countries was convened to review the worldwide literature concerning ED and CAD and provide a guideline for management.

Main Outcome Measure
Expert opinion was based on grading the evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate.

Results
ED and CAD frequently coexist. Between 50–70% of men with CAD have ED. ED can arise before CAD is symptomatic with a time window of 3–5 years. ED and CAD share the same risk factors, and endothelial dysfunction is the common denominator. Treating ED in cardiac patients is safe, provided that their risks are properly evaluated.

Conclusion
ED is a marker for silent CAD that needs to be excluded. Men with CAD frequently have ED that can be treated safely following guidelines.
Endocrine Aspects of Male Sexual Dysfunctions
Authors: Buvat Jacques , Maggi Mario , Gooren Louis , Guay Andre T. , Kaufman Joel , Morgentaler Abraham , Schulman Claude , Tan Hui Meng , Torres Luiz Otavio , Yassin Aksam , Zitzmann Michael 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Endocrine disorders may adversely affect men’s sexual function.

Aim
To provide recommendations based on best evidence for diagnosis and treatment of endocrine-related male sexual dysfunctions.

Methods
The Endocrine Aspects of Male Sexual Dysfunctions Committee, including 11 members from eight countries and four continents, collaborated with the Endocrine subcommittee of the Standards Committee of the International Society for Sexual Medicine. Medical literature was reviewed in detail, followed by extensive internal committee discussion over 2 years, then public presentation and discussion with the other experts before finalizing the report.

Main Outcome Measure
Recommendations based on grading of evidence-base medical literature and interactive discussion.

Results
From animal studies, it is derived that testosterone modulates mechanisms involved in erectile machinery, including expression of enzymes that both initiate and terminate erection. In addition, testosterone is essential for sexual motivation. Whether these findings could be extrapolated to human erections is unclear. Testosterone plays a broad role in men’s overall health. Recent studies have established strong associations between low testosterone and metabolic and cardiovascular imbalances. In some studies, low testosterone decreased longevity; however, longitudinal studies do not support the predictive value of low testosterone for further cardiovascular events. The article proposes a standardized process for diagnosis and treatment of endocrine-related male sexual dysfunctions, updating the knowledge on testosterone and prostate safety. There is no compelling evidence that testosterone treatment causes prostate cancer or its progression in men without severe testosterone deficiency (TD). The possible roles of prolactin and thyroid hormones are also examined.

Conclusions
Men with erectile dysfunction, hypoactive sexual desire and retarded ejaculation, as well as those with visceral obesity and metabolic diseases, should be screened for TD and treated. Prospective interventional studies are required before screening for TD in more conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, and considering correction as preventive medicine as much data suggests.
CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE AND PURCHASE INTENT OF A NOVEL LOW‐FAT SUGAR‐FREE SHERBET CONTAINING SOY PROTEIN
Authors: WALKER J. , BOENEKE C.A. , SRIWATTANA S. , HERRERA‐CORREDOR J.A. , PRINYAWIWATKUL W. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT This research was designed to develop low‐fat sugar‐free frozen sherbet products containing an acceptable level of soy protein (SP) recommended by the Food and Drug Administration and to determine consumer sensory profile driving consumer acceptance and purchase intent. Four orange‐flavored sherbets were manufactured using four levels of SP isolate (6.0, 6.5, 7.5 and 7.9 g/serving) and evaluated by 140 consumers. Consumers evaluated each sample for acceptability of appearance/color, flavor, sweetness, sourness, texture/mouthfeel and overall liking. Consumers also evaluated overall acceptance and purchase intent of these products. All four formulations were overall different (multivariate analysis of variance, Pr > F = 0.0003). Appearance and sweetness were not used by the consumers to differentiate among the four sherbet formulations. Formulations with 7.9 g and 6.0 g SP were equally liked with the mean overall liking score of 5.60–5.66. Formulation with 6.0 g SP had the highest acceptance (65.0%) and purchase intent (55.7%) after consumers had been informed of soy health benefits. Specifically, overall liking and texture were identified as the two most critical attributes affecting overall acceptance and purchase intent of these products.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSConsumer interest in healthy eating is increasing. Soy‐based products have moved into the marketplace and are becoming increasingly popular. Consumers tend to associate consuming soy with healthy eating habits. In this study, consumer acceptability of low‐fat sugar‐free sherbets containing soy protein (SP) was evaluated. Development of a frozen dessert with SP would give consumers another venue to satisfy consumer's eating desire and provide them with the health benefits of soy.
DEVELOPMENT OF TEMPERATURE TOLERANT SURIMI GELS USING STARCH–PROTEIN INTERACTIONS
Authors: HUNT A. , GETTY K.J. , PARK J.W. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT Two modified starches (acetylated, phosphated tapioca di‐starch [TAPDS], acetylated waxy maize di‐starch [WADS]) were combined 2:1:1 with native corn and potato (CP) starches and compared with CP at 1:1 and 0% starch (CON). Starch mixtures (2, 4, 6 and 8%) were added to Alaska pollock surimi. Heat stability (5–55C), frozen storage (0, 3 and 6 freeze/thaw [FT] cycles), and refrigerated storage (0, 3 and 6 days) of cooked gels were evaluated. In addition, micro differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic rheology were used to evaluate starch–protein interactions. TAPDS (4 and 6%) and WADS (2–8%) maintained water retention ability of fish protein gels significantly better (P < 0.05) than CON and CP (2–8%). WADS (2 and 6%) and TAPDS (4 and 6%) minimized variability in force and deformation values between 0 and 6 FT. Performance of TAPDS (4 and 6%) and WADS (2%), with regard to maintaining textural properties under different serving temperatures, indicates these special, modified starches could be effectively used in surimi seafood products.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSTAPDS (4 and 6%) and WADS (2%) used in surimi seafood performed similar to (P > 0.05) or better than (P < 0.05) to CON with regard to maintaining textural properties at 5 and 55C. This indicates that reduction of surimi content from 75 to 51%, and subsequent increase in water and starch content, respectively, by using optimum levels of modified starch can possibly be achieved without sacrificing textural and other physical properties. Even though the cost of modified starches would be higher than native starch, the role of special, modified starch was significantly noted in maintaining physical properties of cooked starch‐surimi fish protein gels. The performance of TAPDS (4 and 6%) starch mixture and WADS (2%) with regard to maintaining textural attributes at hot and cold serving temperatures, as well as frozen and refrigerated storage stability, suggests that these formulations could be effectively used as a starch blend in surimi seafood products.
EFFECT OF ERYTHRITOL ON QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF REDUCED‐CALORIE DANISH COOKIES
Authors: LIN SHENG‐DUN , LEE CHING‐CHING , MAU JENG‐LEUN , LIN LI‐YUN , CHIOU SHIOW‐YING 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT The effects of erythritol on the quality characteristics of Danish cookies were studied. Danish cookies were formulated using erythritol as a sweetener to replace 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% sucrose. The results showed that Hunter L‐values and erythritol contents of cookies increased with increasing erythritol level whereas there was no difference in the moisture, protein, fat, ash and hardness of cookies prepared with sucrose or erythritol. The erythritol was stable during baking. In descriptive analysis, the surface color of cookies became lighter, and the sweetness of cookies became less sweet as erythritol level increased and sucrose decreased. The 50, 75 and 100% erythritol cookies had a cooling sensation. The moistness and hardness of cookies showed no difference among all samples. In hedonic test, the degree of surface color, sweetness, hardness, flavor and overall liking of cookies prepared with 0, 25 and 50% replacement of sucrose with erythritol revealed no difference. However, lower degree of sensory qualities (except hardness) liking of 75 and 100% erythritol cookies was observed.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSucrose is one of the principal ingredients of cookies. But a sucrose‐rich diet had been proven to be associated with lipogenesis and obesity. Erythritol is a sugar alcohol and has a good tolerance by humans. It is a noncariogenic, nonglycemic and low‐calorie sweetener that is safe for diabetics. In addition, it possesses antioxidant properties. The study explores the possibility of utilizing erythritol to produce acceptable cookies.
MANUFACTURE OF THE FUNCTIONAL DRINK USING HYDROLYSATE FROM OYSTER AND OTHER EXTRACTS
Authors: CHO K.J. , BAIK M.Y. , CHOI Y.J. , HAHM Y.T. , KIM B.Y. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT The functional drink was made with a hydrolysate obtained from oyster and extracts from injin and omija. The interactions of these ingredients were tested using a modified distance‐based design. They were analyzed using a linear and nonlinear regression model, and a trace plot. The optimization of the mixture ratio was made by statistical modeling using antiradical activity and sensory properties. These factors are the important target constraints in the drink. Sensory properties showed a linear canonical form. Antiradical activity, color and viscosity of the drink showed a nonlinear canonical form, indicating a higher interaction among the mixtures. The response trace plot revealed that antiradical activity, sensory properties, color, and viscosity were quite sensitive to the drink blending. The optimum formulation of the drink was determined to be 3% oyster hydrolysate, 3.83% injin extract and 8.17% omija extract. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSOyster hydrolysate, injin extract and omija extract have their own functional properties, such as high antiradical activity and specific sensory characters. Using a proper mixture design, a formulation of these ingredients could be optimized for the drinks. A canonical form and trace plot showed that the influence of each ingredient in the drinks, while optimization of ingredients ratio for the drink was obtained using a contour map with desirability. Although the taste of the drink could still use improvement, the optimum ratio for the functional drink was formulated.
SHELF LIFE ENHANCEMENT OF COCONUT BURFI – AN INDIAN TRADITIONAL SWEET
Authors: GUPTA VIKAS , VIJAYALAKSHMI N.S. , ASHWINI B. , ANBARASU K. , VIJAYALAKSHMI G. , PRAKASH MAYA , INDIRAMMA A.R. , RANGARAO G.C.P. , RAMESH B.S. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT Coconut burfi is a popular traditional sweet of south India. The high percentage of saturated fat present in the product makes it susceptible to hydrolytic rancidity. The resulting increase in free fatty acid content coupled with mold growth limit its shelf life to 7–10 days in unpacked condition. Studies have been carried out on packaging and storage aspects of coconut burfi to extend its shelf life. The samples were packed in flexible pouches of multilayer films consisting of (1) polyester/polyethylene; and (2) polyester/aluminum foil/polypropylene under the following conditions: (1) normal packing; (2) 99% vacuum packaging; and (3) in‐package heat processing, and were stored at 27C temperature and 65% relative humidity and periodically withdrawn to monitor changes in chemical, microbiological and sensory qualities. A maximum of 75 days shelf life was obtained for heat‐processed samples as against <15 and 45 days for air and vacuum packed samples respectively in both packaging materials.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSBy this study, the shelf life of coconut burfi has been extended to two and a half months, which enables to increase the marketability and sale of the product and make the nutritious product conveniently available for everybody.
Serum hyaluronic acid in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts
Authors: Seki M. , Asano K. , Sakai M. , Kanno N. , Teshima K. , Edamura K. , Tanaka S. 
Published: April 2010

Objectives: To compare the serum level of hyaluronic acid in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt with that in healthy dogs and to investigate the perioperative change in serum hyaluronic acid following shunt attenuation. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 29 congenital portosystemic shunt dogs before the operation, and 2 and 4 weeks after the operation from 17 and 7 dogs, respectively. The serum hyaluronic acid level of these dogs was measured and compared with that of 10 healthy beagles. Results: The median preoperative hyaluronic acid level in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt was significantly elevated compared with that in healthy dogs. Furthermore, the median postoperative hyaluronic acid level significantly decreased compared with the median preoperative levels in congenital portosystemic shunt dogs. Clinical Significance: In the case of dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt, the reduction of intrahepatic portal blood flow might lower the clearance rate of hyaluronic acid in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, so hyaluronic acid clearance could be improved by attenuation of a shunt vessel. Hence, serum hyaluronic acid levels might be useful to evaluate liver function and also have the potential to evaluate successful attenuation of a shunt vessel in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt. Further investigations are required to clarify whether serum hyaluronic acid offers significant benefits over existing markers such as serum bile acid or ammonia concentrations.
Surprising Inability of Singlet Oxygen‐generated 6‐Hydroperoxycholesterol to Induce Damaging Free Radical Lipid Peroxidation in Cell Membranes†
Authors: Korytowski Witold , Schmitt Jared C. , Girotti Albert W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSinglet oxygen attack on cholesterol (Ch), a prominent monounsaturated lipid of mammalian cell plasma membranes, gives rise to three hydroperoxide (ChOOH) isomers, 5α‐OOH, 6α‐OOH and 6β‐OOH, the latter two in lower yield than 5α‐OOH, and 6α‐OOH in lowest yield. A third possible positional isomer, 7α‐OOH and 7β‐OOH, is produced by free radical attack. In the presence of iron and ascorbate (Fe/AH), 5α‐OOH or 6β‐OOH in phosphatidylcholine/Ch/ChOOH (20:15:1 by mol) liposomes was reduced to its corresponding alcohol, the rate constant being approximately the same for both ChOOHs. Using [14C]Ch as an in situ probe, we found that liposomal 5α‐OOH readily set off free radical‐mediated (chain) peroxidation reactions when exposed to Fe/AH, whereas 6β‐OOH under the same conditions did not. Moreover, liposomal 5α‐OOH triggered robust chain peroxidation in [14C]Ch‐labeled L1210 cells, leading to cell death, whereas 6β‐OOH was essentially inert in this regard. Thus, 5α‐OOH and 6β‐OOH undergo iron‐catalyzed reductive turnover, but only the former can provoke toxic membrane damage. These novel findings have important implications for UVA‐induced photodamage in Ch‐rich tissues like skin and eye, where 1O2 often plays a major role.
Photodamage to Multidrug‐resistant Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative Bacteria by 870 nm/930 nm Light Potentiates Erythromycin, Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Bornstein Eric , Gridley Scott , Wengender Paul , Robbins Alan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe have previously shown that 870 nm/930 nm wavelengths cause photodamage at physiologic temperatures in methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli via generation of endogenous radical oxygen species (ROS) and decreased plasma membrane potentials (ΔΨp). We tested MRSA (Strain HSJ216) in vitro with sublethal 870 nm/930 nm laser energy and subinhibitory concentrations of erythromycin, tetracycline, penicillin, rifampin and trimethoprim to surmise whether photodamage could potentiate these antimicrobials. We also tested patient isolates of fluoroquinolone‐resistant MRSA and E. coli with subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin. In MRSA (Strain HSJ216) we observed 97% potentiation (a 1.5 log10 CFU decrease) with erythromycin and tetracycline. In patient isolates of E. coli, we observed 100% potentiation (>3 log10 CFU decrease) in all irradiated samples with ciprofloxacin. To assess whether staphyloxanthin pigment conferred protection against the generated ROS, we created an isogenic carotenoid‐deficient mutant of S. aureus that was significantly less tolerant of 870 nm/930 nm exposure than the wild type strain (P < 0.0001). We suggest that antibiotic potentiation results from a photobiological attenuation of ATP‐dependent macromolecular synthetic pathways, similar to that observed with daptomycin, via disruption of ΔΨp and endogenous generation of ROS. With erythromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, attenuation of energy‐dependent efflux systems is also a possibility.