bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The complex zeros of random polynomials
Authors: Shepp Larry A. , Vanderbei Robert J. 
Published: June 2012

Mark Kac gave an explicit formula for the expectation of the number,

ν
n

(
Ω
)

{\nu _n}(\Omega )

, of zeros of a random polynomial,
\[

P
n

(
z
)
=

∑

j
=
0

n
−
1

η
j

z
j

,

{P_n}(z) = \sum \limits _{j = 0}^{n - 1} {{\eta _j}{z^j}} ,

\]
in any measurable subset

Ω
\Omega

of the reals. Here,

η
0

,
…
,

η

n
−
1

{\eta _0}, \ldots ,{\eta _{n - 1}}

are independent standard normal random variables. In fact, for each

n
>
1

n > 1

, he obtained an explicit intensity function

g
n

{g_n}

for which
\[

E

ν
n

(
Ω
)
=

∫
Ω

g
n

(
x
)

d
x
.

{\mathbf {E}}{\nu _n}(\Omega ) = \int _\Omega {{g_n}(x)\,dx.}

\]
Here, we extend this formula to obtain an explicit formula for the expected number of zeros in any measurable subset

Ω
\Omega

of the complex plane

C

\mathbb {C}

. Namely, we show that
\[

E

ν
n

(
Ω
)
=

∫
Ω

h
n

(
x
,
y
)

d
x
d
y
+

∫

Ω
∩

R

g
n

(
x
)

d
x
,

{\mathbf {E}}{\nu _n}(\Omega ) = \int _\Omega {{h_n}(x,y)\,dxdy + \int _{\Omega \cap \mathbb {R}} {{g_n}(x)\,dx,} }

\]
where

h
n

{h_n}

is an explicit intensity function. We also study the asymptotics of

h
n

{h_n}

showing that for large

n
n

its mass lies close to, and is uniformly distributed around, the unit circle.
On Euler characteristics associated to exceptional divisors
Authors: Veys Willem 
Published: June 2012

Let

k
k

be an algebraically closed field and

f
∈
k
[

x
1

,
…
,

x

n
+
1

]

f \in k[{x_1}, \ldots ,{x_{n + 1}}]

. Fix an embedded resolution

h
:
X
→

A

n
+
1

of

f

−
1

{
0
}

h:X \to {\mathbb {A}^{n + 1}}\quad {\text {of}}\quad {f^{ - 1}}\{ 0\}

and denote by

E
i

{E_i}

,

i
∈
S

i \in S

, the irreducible components of

h

−
1

(

f

−
1

{
0
}
)

{h^{ - 1}}({f^{ - 1}}\{ 0\} )

with multiplicity

N
i

{N_i}

in the divisor of

f

o

h

f{\text {o}}h

. Put also

E
˚

i

≔

E
i

∖

∪

j
≠
i

E
j

\mathring {E}_i \coloneq {E_i}\backslash { \cup _{j \ne i}}{E_j}

, and denote by

χ
(

E
i

)

\chi ({E_i})

its Euler characteristic. Several conjectures concerning Igusa’s local zeta function and the topological zeta function of

f
f

motivate the study of Euler characteristics associated to subsets

∪

i
∈
T

E
i

{ \cup _{i \in T}}{E_i}

of

∪

i
∈
S

E
i

{ \cup _{i \in S}}{E_i}

, which are maximal connected with respect to the property that

d

|

N
i

d|{N_i}

for all

i
∈
T

i \in T

. Here

d
∈

N

,
d
>
1

d \in \mathbb {N},d > 1

. We prove that if

h
h

maps

∪

i
∈
T

E
i

{ \cup _{i \in T}}{E_i}

to a point, then
\[

(
−
1

)
n

∑

i
∈
T

χ
(

E
˚

i

)
⩾
0

(-1)^n \sum _{i \in T} \chi (\mathring {E}_i) \geqslant 0

\]
This generalizes a well-known result for curves. We also prove some vanishing results concerning the

χ
(

E
˚

i

)

\chi (\mathring {E}_i)

for such a maximal connected subset

∪

i
∈
T

E
i

{ \cup _{i \in T}}{E_i}

and give an application on the above-mentioned zeta functions, yielding some confirmation of the holomorphy conjecture for those zeta functions.
Periodic orbits of 𝑛-body type problems: the fixed period case
Authors: Riahi Hasna 
Published: June 2012

This paper gives a proof of the existence and multiplicity of periodic solutions to Hamiltonian systems of the form
\[

(

A

)

{

m
i

q
¨

i

+

∂
V

∂

q
i

(
t
,
q
)
=
0

q
(
t
+
T
)
=
q
(
t
)
,

∀
t
∈
ℜ
.

({\text {A}})\quad {\text { }}\left \{ {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {{m_i}{{\ddot q}_i} + \frac {{\partial V}} {{\partial {q_i}}}(t,q) = 0} \\ {q(t + T) = q(t),\quad \forall t \in \Re .} \\ \end {array} } \right .

\]
where

q
i

∈

ℜ
ℓ

,
ℓ
⩾
3
,
1
⩽
i
⩽
n
,
q
=
(

q
1

,
…
,

q
n

)

{q_i} \in {\Re ^\ell },\ell \geqslant 3,1 \leqslant i \leqslant n,q = ({q_1}, \ldots ,{q_n})

and with

V

i
j

(
t
,
ξ
)

{V_{ij}}(t,\xi )

T
T

-periodic in

t
t

and singular in

ξ
\xi

at

ξ
=
0

\xi = 0

Under additional hypotheses on

V
V

, when (A) is posed as a variational problem, the corresponding functional,

I
I

, is shown to have an unbounded sequence of critical values if the singularity of

V
V

at

0
0

is strong enough. The critical points of

I
I

are classical

T
T

-periodic solutions of (A). Then, assuming that

I
I

has only non-degenerate critical points, up to translations, Morse type inequalities are proved and used to show that the number of critical points with a fixed Morse index

k
k

grows exponentially with

k
k

, at least when

k
≡
0
,
1
(

mod

ℓ
−
2
)

k \equiv 0,1( \mod \ell - 2)

. The proof is based on the study of the critical points at infinity done by the author in a previous paper and generalizes the topological arguments used by A. Bahri and P. Rabinowitz in their study of the

3
3

-body problem. It uses a recent result of E. Fadell and S. Husseini on the homology of free loop spaces on configuration spaces. The detailed proof is given for the

4
4

-body problem then generalized to the

n
n

-body problem.
Bayesian model-based clustering of temporal gene expression using autoregressive panel data approach
Authors: Nascimento Moysés , Sáfadi Thelma , Silva Fabyano Fonseca e , Nascimento Ana Carolina C. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Motivation: In a microarray time series analysis, due to the large number of genes evaluated, the first step toward understanding the complex time network is the clustering of genes that share similar expression patterns over time. Up until now, the proposed methods do not point simultaneously to the temporal autocorrelation of the gene expression and the model-based clustering. We present a Bayesian method that considers jointly the fit of autoregressive panel data models and hierarchical gene clustering.
Results: The proposed methodology was able to cluster genes that share similar expression over time, which was determined jointly by the estimates of autoregression parameters, by the average level of expression) and by the quality of the fitted model.
Availability and implementation: The R codes for implementation of the proposed clustering method and for simulation study, as well as the real and simulated datasets, are freely accessible on the Web http://www.det.ufv.br/~moyses/links.php.
Contact: moysesnascim@ufv.br
Genomic dark matter: the reliability of short read mapping illustrated by the genome mappability score
Authors: Lee Hayan , Schatz Michael C. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Genome resequencing and short read mapping are two of the primary tools of genomics and are used for many important applications. The current state-of-the-art in mapping uses the quality values and mapping quality scores to evaluate the reliability of the mapping. These attributes, however, are assigned to individual reads and do not directly measure the problematic repeats across the genome. Here, we present the Genome Mappability Score (GMS) as a novel measure of the complexity of resequencing a genome. The GMS is a weighted probability that any read could be unambiguously mapped to a given position and thus measures the overall composition of the genome itself.
Results: We have developed the Genome Mappability Analyzer to compute the GMS of every position in a genome. It leverages the parallelism of cloud computing to analyze large genomes, and enabled us to identify the 5–14% of the human, mouse, fly and yeast genomes that are difficult to analyze with short reads. We examined the accuracy of the widely used BWA/SAMtools polymorphism discovery pipeline in the context of the GMS, and found discovery errors are dominated by false negatives, especially in regions with poor GMS. These errors are fundamental to the mapping process and cannot be overcome by increasing coverage. As such, the GMS should be considered in every resequencing project to pinpoint the ‘dark matter’ of the genome, including of known clinically relevant variations in these regions.
Availability: The source code and profiles of several model organisms are available at http://gma-bio.sourceforge.net
Contact: hlee@cshl.edu
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
VIGOR extended to annotate genomes for additional 12 different viruses
Authors: Wang Shiliang , Sundaram Jaideep P. , Stockwell Timothy B. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
A gene prediction program, VIGOR (Viral Genome ORF Reader), was developed at J. Craig Venter Institute in 2010 and has been successfully performing gene calling in coronavirus, influenza, rhinovirus and rotavirus for projects at the Genome Sequencing Center for Infectious Diseases. VIGOR uses sequence similarity search against custom protein databases to identify protein coding regions, start and stop codons and other gene features. Ribonucleicacid editing and other features are accurately identified based on sequence similarity and signature residues. VIGOR produces four output files: a gene prediction file, a complementary DNA file, an alignment file, and a gene feature table file. The gene feature table can be used to create GenBank submission. VIGOR takes a single input: viral genomic sequences in FASTA format. VIGOR has been extended to predict genes for 12 viruses: measles virus, mumps virus, rubella virus, respiratory syncytial virus, alphavirus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, norovirus, metapneumovirus, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, parainfluenza virus and Sendai virus. VIGOR accurately detects the complex gene features like ribonucleicacid editing, stop codon leakage and ribosomal shunting. Precisely identifying the mat_peptide cleavage for some viruses is a built-in feature of VIGOR. The gene predictions for these viruses have been evaluated by testing from 27 to 240 genomes from GenBank.
First Report of Black Spot Disease Caused by Alternaria alternata on Cherry Fruits in China
Authors: Zhao Y. Z. , Liu Z. H. 
Published: June 2012

Cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus) has become an economically important fruit in China in recent years. In June 2010, fruit spots were discovered on fruit grown in Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China and 30% of local-orchard trees were infected with the disease, reducing yield and fruit quality. Disease incidence increased up to 75% in 2011. At the initial stage of the infection, some small, light brown spots appeared on the fruit that gradually became round or irregular and dark brown, and a black-brown concentric ring formed in the advanced stage of the infection. As disease progressed, the lesions expanded, causing the fruit surface to become pitted, withered, and dead. The pathogen was isolated from infected fruit of four orchards by a tissue isolation method (1) and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C in the dark for one week. Colonies on PDA were initially white and became grayish brown over time. Conidiophores were single or fasciculate, straight or knee curved, gray-brown with regular septa, branched or unbranched, and 12.5 to 90.0 × 2.0 to 5.0 μm. Conidia were oval, obclavate, or obpyriform, brown or dark brown, surface smooth or spinulose with short columnar beaks, and 20.0 to 42.0 × 7.5 to 14.5 μm with three to eight transverse septa and zero to three longitudinal or oblique septa. The sporulation pattern appeared in bush branches. According to the morphology, the pathogen was identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr:Fr.) Keissler (2,3). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4 and the ITS sequence was 99% identical to A. alternata (GenBank Accession No. FJ228163). Pathogenicity tests were performed on detached, asymptomatic fruit. Six fruit were inoculated by placing a PDA plug containing mycelia on the upper surface of the fruit. Another six fruit received sterile PDA plugs. Fruit were cultured in petri dishes with a 12-h photoperiod at 25°C and 90% relative humidity. Black spot symptoms were observed on inoculated fruit but not control fruit after 5 days. The pathogen was reisolated from inoculated fruit and confirmed to be A. alternata. The pathogenicity test was repeated once. A. alternata has a broad host range, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of A. alternata infecting cherries in China. References: (1) Z. D. Fang. Research Methods of Plant Disease, 124, 1998. (2) E. G. Simmons. Alternaria themes and variations. Mycotaxon 37: 79, 1990. (3) T. Y. Zhang et al. Fungi Notes–Genera Alternaria in China, 16:32, 2003.
Rhizoctonia solani Anastomosis Group 3 is Predominant in Potato Tubers in Poland
Authors: Woodhall J. W. , Lutomirska B. , Peters J. C. , Wharton P. S. 
Published: June 2012

Rhizoctonia solani is a species complex of 13 related but genetically distinct anastomosis groups (AGs). In potato, R. solani can infect the stems, stolons, and roots, resulting in quantitative losses. It can also cause qualitative losses through blemishes occurring on progeny tubers, such as black scurf and elephant hide (corky cracking). Knowledge of the AG in local populations is important because they differ in host range, fungicide sensitivity, and disease severity (2). To determine the AGs present in Poland, 54 tuber samples displaying typical R. solani symptoms were taken from six different fields in 2011. The fields were representative of five different administrative regions of Poland and from at least 10 different varieties. Rhizoctonia was isolated from tubers by placing symptomatic material on to tap water agar amended with streptomycin and penicillin and after 2 to 3 days Rhizoctonia colonies were identified and hyphal tips of these transferred to potato dextrose agar. Rhizoctonia was successfully isolated from 48 tubers displaying black scurf and two tubers displaying elephant hide symptoms. DNA was extracted from Rhizoctonia cultures using a Wizard Food kit (Promega) and the AG was determined using specific real-time PCR assays (1). All Rhizoctonia isolates were determined to be AG3 and this was confirmed for 10 selected isolates by observing hyphal fusion with a known AG3 tester isolate (Rs08) as described previously (3). Pairings were also conducted amongst the 10 Polish isolates, C2 reactions were typically observed indicating numerous vegetative compatible groups are present. This study shows that AG3 is likely to be the predominant AG in potato tubers in Poland. This is similar to other studies in Europe, which have all determined that AG3 accounts for at least 92% of isolates from potato (2,3). AG2-1, 4, and 5 have also been found in tubers worldwide and climate and certain crop rotations can influence the presence of these other AGs in potato tubers (2). However, climate and crop rotations in Poland are similar to other parts of Europe so the predominance of AG3 is expected. AG3 was also isolated from elephant hide symptoms; however, it was more frequently isolated from sclerotia. The ability of AG3 to prolifically produce sclerotia and thereby survive on seed tubers may explain its predominance in potato crops (4). Therefore, studies focusing on the management of Rhizoctonia potato disease in Poland should consider AG3 in the first instance. References: (1) G. E. Budge et al. Plant Pathol. 58:1071, 2009. (2) L. Tsror. J. Phytopathol. 158:649, 2010. (3) J. W. Woodhall et al. Plant Pathol. 56:286, 2007. (4) J. W. Woodhall et al. Plant Pathol. 57:5, 2008.
Towards a second‐order view of child protection placement‐related decision‐making
Authors: O'Gorman Shannon 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTChild protection workers are tasked with prioritizing and facilitating safe, secure and preferably, long‐term care arrangements for children and adolescents living within the child protection system. Recognizing the complexities associated with this task, this paper will propose that the application of theory – namely attachment theory and family systems theory – may aid in the conceptualization of placement decision‐making within the context of child protection practice. In particular, this paper will describe a framework entitled: Towards a second‐order view of child protection placement‐related decision‐making. This framework assumes the position that the ideals of relationship security and permanency of placement are more accessible in instances in which practitioners are able to locate themselves within temporary, stabilized but ultimately evolving systems. Specifically, the practitioner is encouraged to conceptualize where their individual selves, the broader child protection system and family system are located at any one point in time, whilst also identifying the direction in which these systems should be moving.
The impact of children's perception of an activity as play rather than not play on emotional well‐being
Authors: Howard J. , McInnes K. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundAs an important aspect of health and development, a number of policy and practice initiatives across education, health and social care are aimed at increasing children's emotional well‐being. Links have been made between young children's emotional well‐being and play although empirical evidence is limited. This paper demonstrates that when children perceive an activity as play, they show more signs of emotional well‐being than when they perceive the same activity as not play.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐nine children aged between 3 and 5 years participated in the study. The cues children use to differentiate play and not play were used to create an activity session that was ‘like play’ and an activity session that was ‘not like play’. The activity itself remained constant. Children were allocated to either of the activity session types alternately and emotional well‐being was measured using the Leuvens Involvement Scale.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the level of emotional well‐being displayed by children in the two activity session types. Children who undertook the ‘like play’ activity scored significantly higher than children who undertook the same activity but ‘not like play’. Detailed observational analysis also showed increased behavioural indicators relating to emotional well‐being among children participating in the ‘like play’ rather than ‘not like play’ activity session.ConclusionChildren demonstrate increased emotional well‐being when they perceive an activity as play rather than not play. Findings support the proposition that play can be seen as an observable behaviour but also as a mental state. As well as providing important evidence as to the value of play for enhancing children's emotional well‐being, findings are discussed in relation to professional practice in children's services. The paper highlights the training needs of practitioners to enable them to understand children's views about play and use this information to create playful situations which maximize the developmental potential of play.
Lymphangiogenesis in regional lymph nodes predicts nodal recurrence in pathological N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Hirota Kyoko , Wakisaka Naohiro , Sawada‐Kitamura Seiko , Kondo Satoru , Endo Kazuhira , Tsuji Akira , Murono Shigeyuki , Yoshizaki Tomokazu 
Published: June 2012

Hirota K, Wakisaka N, Sawada‐Kitamura S, Kondo S, Endo K, Tsuji A, Murono S & Yoshizaki T  (2012) Histopathology Lymphangiogenesis in regional lymph nodes predicts nodal recurrence in pathological N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongueAims:  Cancer cells induce de‐novo lymphatic vessel growth within draining lymph nodes before they metastasize. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate lymph node lymphangiogenesis before the establishment of nodal recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue.Methods and results:  Surgical specimens from 28 patients with pT2–T3N0M0 SCC of the tongue after local excision with supraomohyoid neck dissection were studied by immunohistochemistry. Intranodal lymphatic endothelium was highlighted by podoplanin staining to evaluate lymphatic vessel counts (LVCs). Primary tumour sections were examined for the expression of lymphangiogenic factors: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐C and VEGF‐D. LVCs in regional lymph nodes were significantly increased in the cases with nodal recurrence (P = 0.0013). Simultaneous increases in VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D expression were significantly associated with both an increase in LVC in regional lymph nodes (P = 0.0001) and a decrease in the rate of survival without nodal recurrence (P = 0.016).Conclusions:  Knowing the status of lymphangiogenesis in the regional pN0 lymph nodes in tongue cancer would help in predicting which patients will develop nodal recurrence. The use of a therapeutic approach which blocks lymphangiogenic factors, such as VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D, may be beneficial in suppressing the lymphatic spread of tongue cancer with intense intranodal lymphangiogenesis.
Now I know what ICT can do for me!
Authors: Clayton Kaylene , Beekhuyzen Jenine , Nielsen Sue 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe under‐representation of women entering into information and communication technology (ICT) programmes is a long‐standing problem. While ICT continues to be increasingly accepted and integrated into everyday life, gender stereotypes prevail in ICT turning female students away from ICT as an occupation. Based on existing literature on factors influencing girls' career choices and on an empirical qualitative study in three schools in Australia, a conceptualisation of the influence of middle‐school experiences on girls' ICT study and career choices is presented. This conceptualisation is used as a guide to evaluate a recent intervention programme aimed at promoting ICT study and work opportunities to middle‐school girls. A number of recommendations for future programmes are provided, highlighting the need to study how subcultures that support ICT career choices develop and are supported in Australian schools.
Peracetic acid is effective for controlling fungus on channel catfish eggs
Authors: Straus D L , Meinelt T , Farmer B D , Mitchell A J 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPeracetic acid (PAA) is a relatively new compound suggested for use to treat pathogens in aquaculture. It is approved for use in Europe, but not in the United States. This study determined the effectiveness of PAA for fungus control on channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), eggs. The study consisted of five PAA concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L−1) and an untreated control in a flow‐through system. A single spawn was used for each replication (N = 4). Eggs were treated twice daily until the embryos developed eyes. When hatching was complete for all viable eggs, fry were counted to determine the percent survival in each treatment. Fungal growth was severe in the untreated controls resulting in 11% survival. Treatments of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg L−1 PAA were significantly different from the controls (P < 0.05). The highest percent survival of hatched fry was with 5 mg L−1 PAA administered twice daily; the 2.5 mg L−1 PAA treatment had slightly less survival, but gives a higher margin of safety in case of treatment error. Very little fungus was present in treatments receiving 2.5 mg L−1 PAA or higher, and concentrations of 15 and 20 mg L−1 PAA were toxic to the eggs. The mean survivals in the 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L−1 PAA treatments were 11%, 60%, 63%, 62%, 32% and 0%, respectively. Therefore, PAA may be a compound that merits further investigations regarding its use in U.S. aquaculture.