bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guardianship Consultations in the Psychiatric Consultation Service in a General Hospital [PW10-05]
Authors: Diefenbacher A. , Rottbeck R. , Burian R. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:Due to the implementation of the DRGs (Diagnosis Related Groups) in the somatic departments of general hospitals, an elevated demand for psychiatric consultations can be anticipated. It is a moot question whether psychiatric consultation services are adequate for such a surplus load. We investigated whether the proportion of psychiatric consultation requests for patient's capacity to consent and for guardianship is rising.Method:The DRGs were implemented in the somatic departments of the Ev. Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge (KEH) at the end of 2003. We compared consultation requests with the keywords “capacity to consent”, “capacity to enter contracts” and “need for guardianship” in the year 2002 with 2004.Results:Significantly more consultations with the keyword “guardianship” were requested in 2004 compared to 2002 (p=0.019). 56% concerned medical questions regarding capacity of consent. There was a slight, but increase in the requests social reasons.The confirmation of the indication for the appointment of a guardian decreased inversely without statistical significance (80% in 2002 and 64% in 2004; Chi-Square p=0.058).Conclusion:The increasing demand of the consiliary-liason-service was confirmed in our investigation. It is possible that the implementation of the DRGs plays a role in the increase of psychiatric consultation request. As a trial to ease the growing burden, we developed a form which also enables colleagues from the somatic departments to apply for guardianship of their patients without psychiatric assistance.
The Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Symptoms in School Children: A Highly Consanguineous Community
Authors: Bener A. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:The objective of the present study was to find the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity (ADH) symptoms in a highly consanguineous community.Design:A cross sectional study was conducted during October 2006 - January 2007.Subjects and methods:A total of 2500 primary school students, aged 6-12 years were randomly selected from the government primary schools and 1869 students (74.8%) gave consent to participate in this study.Results:Of the students surveyed, 50.7% were boys and 49.3% girls. The data revealed that 158 boys [16.7%; 95%CI (14.4-19.2] and 50 girls [5.4%;95%CI (4.1-7.1)] scored above the cut-off (≥15) for ADH symptoms, thus giving an overall prevalence of [11.1%; 95%CI (9.7-12.6)]. The Children who had higher score for ADH symptoms were in the age group 6-9 years. Children who had higher score for ADH symptoms had school performance poorer than those with lower scores (P=0.002). 200 children (96.2%) with ADH were disobedient, 60.6% noisy and hyperactive, 36.5% very cranky, 37.5% troublesome and 37.9% nervous. The logistic regression identified in our study that socio-economic condition, number of children, school performance and poor relationship between parents were the main contributors for ADH. This shows that the consanguinity has no impact on ADH children.Conclusion:The study revealed that ADH symptoms are found to be a common problem among the school children in Qatar. A significant difference was found between children with and without ADHD for their behaviour.
A Longitudinal Study of Children Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Child Psychiatry, Neurological and Psychoanalytic Viewpoints
Authors: de Lara A. Cohen , Guinard M. , Lacaze E. , Pinton F. , Chambry J. , Billard C. 
Published: March 2009

We shall present the development of a cohort of 40 children aged from 6 to 11 who were initially diagnosed with ADHD (T0) and then reassessed after two years of treatment with multimodal treatment in addition to stimulant medication. At the outset of the study (T0) the children underwent a complete assessment which included a child psychiatric examination, a neuropsychological evaluation of attention skills and a psychodynamic psychological assessment using the T.A.T. and Rorschach projective tests interpreted from a psychoanalytic viewpoint. An identical protocol was used for the reassessment of the children two years later (T2).Clinically, and from a strictly behavioral point of view, it is clear that there was a calming down of the symptoms associated with the ADHD. Can the same be said for the results of the neuro-psychological and projective tests as well as for the overall psychic functioning of the children?At this point in our research, and taking into account that T 2 just ended, we can affirm that the children who were assessed with neurotic disorders (according to the classification of psychopathological disorders in childhood) were those who showed the clearest signs of improvement. We shall then study in depth the majority of the population who were assessed with borderline personality disorders (BPD). As these children received a multimodal treatment over the two years time of the study which involved either individual, group or family psychotherapy, we shall use brief clinical case studies for a comparative approach to our research results.
Disorder-specific Right Inferior Prefrontal Dysfunction During Two Tasks of Inhibitory Control in Pediatric Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder Compared to Pediatric Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
Authors: Rubia K. , Cubillo A. , Woolley J. , Halari R. , Smith A. , Brammer M. 
Published: March 2009

Inhibitory dysfunction is the key behavioural and cognitive phenotype of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and of obsessive-compulsive-disorder (OCD). Both disorders show deficits in tasks of response inhibition and cognitive flexibility as well as fronto-striatal brain dysfunctions during task performance. The goal of this research was to investigate differences and commonalities in functional neural networks mediating inhibitory control between adolescents with ADHD and those with OCD to identify disorder-specific neurofunctional biomarkers.Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to compare brain activation of 18/12 boys (Stop/Switch task) with clinical ADHD, 10 boys with clinical OCD and 20 healthy comparison boys during a tracking Stop task measuring motor response inhibition and its failure and a switching task measuring cognitive flexibility. Non-parametric permutation analyses were used for fMRI analysis (XBAM). Functional connectivity analyses investigating group differences in fronto-striatal connections will be presented at the conference.Both patient groups shared brain dysfunction compared to controls in right orbitofrontal, left dorsolateral (Stop task) and left inferior prefrontal cortices (Switch task). Right inferior prefrontal under-activation, however, was specific to ADHD during both tasks. Under-activation in left caudate and anterior cingulate was also specific to ADHD during the Switch task.Patients with ADHD appear to have both common and distinct dysfunctions during inhibitory control compared to OCD patients. The most consistent fMRI finding in ADHD of a dysfunction in right inferior prefrontal cortex during inhibitory control appears to be disorder-specific when compared to OCD, and may be a specific neurofunctional biomarker of ADHD.
Fronto-striatal Brain Dysfunction in Adults with Hyperactive/inattentive Behaviours Followed up from Childhood During Interference Inhibition and Attention Allocation
Authors: Cubillo A. , Halari R. , Taylor E. , Rubia K. , Giampietro V. 
Published: March 2009

Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (fMRI) in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have observed functional abnormalities in fronto-striatal and temporo-parietal brain regions during tasks of inhibitory and attention control. However, hardly any modern functional imaging studies have investigated functions of interference inhibition or attention control in adult ADHD.We used fMRI combined with a variant of the Simon task that measures interference inhibition as well as attention allocation to compare 11 medication-naïve adults (26-30 yrs) with inattentive/hyperactive behaviours and 15 age-matched healthy controls. Patients were followed up from childhood ADHD, recruited from a 20-year prospective longitudinal epidemiological study. All met criteria for inattentive/hyperactive behaviours on an Adult Hyperactive Interview, but only 8 met clinical diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Correlation analyses were furthermore conducted within patients to correlate symptoms with brain activation. Functional connectivity analyses for group differences in fronto-striatal connectivity will be presented at the conference.No differences were observed in task performance. During interference inhibition, adults with persistent inattentive/hyperactive compared to controls showed reduced activation in predominantly left orbitofrontal and medial cortex, caudate and putamen. During attention allocation adults with hyperactive behaviours showed dysfunction in left inferior/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and in right inferior and superior parietal areas. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between inattentive/hyperactive behaviours and the parietal activation cluster during interference inhibition. The study demonstrates the continuity of the pattern of fronto-striatal and parietal neurofunctional abnormalities during tasks of interference inhibition and attention allocation from childhood to adult ADHD even with symptomatic improvement.
Fronto-striatal Brain Dysfunction in Adults with Hyperactive/inattentive Behaviours Followed up from Childhood in Tasks of Motor Inhibition and Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Cubillo A. , Halari R. , Taylor E. , Rubia K. , Giampietro V. 
Published: March 2009

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children has been associated with functional abnormalities in fronto-striatal brain regions during tasks of inhibitory control. In adults with ADHD, however, no functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study has investigated the neurofunctional correlates of the most compromised cognitive functions of motor response inhibition or cognitive flexibility.fMRI was used combined with a tracking Stop task of motor response inhibition and a cognitive Switch task to compare brain function between 11 medication-naïve adults (26-30 yrs) with inattentive/hyperactive behaviours and 14 age-matched healthy controls. Patients were followed up from childhood ADHD, recruited from a 20-year prospective longitudinal epidemiological study. All met criteria for inattentive/hyperactive behaviours on an Adult Hyperactive Interview, but only 8 met clinical diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Whole brain regression MR analyses were furthermore conducted within patients to correlate symptoms with brain activation. Functional connectivity analyses for group differences in fronto-striatal connectivity will be presented at the conference.Despite comparable task performance, adults with persistent inattentive/hyperactive behaviours showed reduced activation compared to controls in inferior prefrontal cortex, caudate and thalamus during both tasks, as well as in parietal lobes during the Switch task. Regression analyses furthermore showed a linear negative correlation between behavioural symptoms and overlapping, but more extensive fronto-striatal, parietal and cerebellar brain dysfunction. The findings demonstrate for the first time the persistence of the typical childhood ADHD pattern of fronto-striatal dysfunction during tasks of cognitive control in adults with persisting behavioural symptoms, suggesting stability/continuity of neurofunctional abnormalities between childhood and early adulthood.
School Children with ADHD - Effects of Once-dealy OROS Methylphenidate Treatment ADHD Symptoms Included Improvement Academic Functioning
Authors: Djurkovic-Lazic J. , Lazic B. , Milojevic N. , Djuric D. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:Many well known studies have defined results and tolerability of stimulants used in school children with ADHD in last period. In our follow-up study from August 2007 to January 2009. will present results of once-daily OROS Methylphenidate therapy including break it for holiday.Method:We are enrolling 32 children in study, 7-14 years old, and all of them were team-diagnosed according DSM IV/psychiatrist, psychologist, neurologist. Children with ADHD symptoms are treating with OROSMPH (18-54mg), with adjustments based on clinical symptoms, and all ADHD symptoms measures, vital signs, EEG and laboratory results also will be included through our study period.Results:Effects of OROS MPH therapy will be presented only in children who completed the study, looking for adverse events, clinically significant effects on vital sings, EEG, laboratory test parameters, and also, improvement academic functions, before and after breaking therapy.Conclusions:Besides our expecting on reduction of ADHD symptoms with minimal effects on vital sings,values on growth, tick, laboratory test, it considers too, better academic functioning, social relationship with continual therapy.
Behavioral and Emotional Problems of Children with ADHD
Authors: Mojs E. , Gajewska E. , Głowacka M.D. , Samborski W. 
Published: March 2009

ADHD as long term disease is diagnosed in first years of life. Ill children need complex psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy and effects sometimes are minor. The aim of the study was to estimate possible emotional disturbances, control of emotions, impulsivity, behavioral problems or psychosomatic disturbances in children with ADHD.40 mothers of children fulfilled the questionnaire of Achenbach and questionnaire of authors' concept. Children aged 6-18 yrs of age were estimated by mothers. The results show the most often problems underlined were low control of emotions 50%, impulsivity 25%, aggressiveness - 10%. Parents also show tendency of appearance of psychosomatic problems as headaches, sleep disturbances, eating disturbances. They connected these problems to school adaptations problems.There was correlation between level of intelligence (IQ) and frequency of appearance of sleep disturbances. The lower level of IQ the sleep disturbances reveal more often.In conclusion: Children with ADHD need also complex care, also psychotherapy and there is a need of psychological counseling for the families.
The Development of an Adult ADHD Transitional Service
Authors: Naidoo K. , Willis C. , Bohra M. , Bhat H. 
Published: March 2009

Aim:To describe the development of a service addressing the needs of adults with ADHD, and to survey the caseload of this service.Method:This review describes the process of setting up a new service for adults with ADHD. This includes drawing up a service plan to look at the resources required, and arranging shared-care agreements with general practitioners. The service was developed in two phases, with the initial phase accepting transitional patients with an established diagnosis of ADHD, and phase two looking at the assessment of individuals without a previous diagnosis. All referrals to the service were surveyed, and information was collated on age, gender, diagnosis, co-morbidity, medication and employment.Results:The service was set up in November 2007, and over a period of 10 months, 32 referrals were accepted, having met the criteria for assessment. Cases were accepted on the basis that they had a previous diagnosis of ADHD, the majority originating from Child and Adolescent services.The caseload review revealed high levels of comorbidity. The majority of patients were treated with stimulant medication. The ratio of male to females was higher, as expected. The incidence of substance misuse and conduct disorder was consistent with other studies.Conclusion:The demand for a service addressing the needs of adults with ADHD has been high, as evidenced by the volume of referrals received. ADHD persists into adulthood in approximately 50% of children with the diagnosis so follow up into adulthood is crucial.
Study of the Home Environment and Symptoms of Inattention and Hyperactivity in a Clinic Based Sample
Authors: O'Mahony M. , Lai W.W. , Mulligan A. 
Published: March 2009

The HOME (Caldwell and Bradley) is a well recognised 59 item tool used for assessing the home environment and especially how supportive the home environment is for the child's developmental needs. It is applied in the home and is scored according to rater observations and parent interview answers.Aims:A recent cross sectional study has shown an association between the HOME score and the severity of ADHD symptoms, especially hyperactivity, in children with ADHD. This study will ascertain if the association between symptoms of hyperactivity and the HOME score is present in children with non-ADHD clinical disorders as well as children with ADHD.Method:Parents of children aged < 10 years attending the Child Guidance Unit, Mater Misericordiae Hospital from 2006 onwards were invited to partake in the study. The HOME was administered to 100 participants and the child's symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity were assessed by administering the Conners’ Parent Rating scale.Results:A correlational bivariate analysis was performed on parent ratings of inattention and hyperactivity with the total Home score and each subscale. For each set of symptoms, there was a significant and negative correlation with total HOME score: Pearsons's r = -.22, p = .028 for hyperactivity and Pearson's r = -.33, p = .001 for inattention.Conclusion:Higher scores of hyperactivity and inattention are associated with a lower total HOME score; therefore there is an association between symptoms of hyperactivity and the home environment in children with non-ADHD clinical disorders as well as children with ADHD.
Empirical Analysis of the Association between given Names and Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
Authors: Shoval G. , Manor I. , Zalsman G. 
Published: March 2009

Names may carry unconscious personal significance, thus making them a possible important aspect of identity, which may play a pivotal role in the development of personality and psychopathology. Several empirical studies have shown an association between rarity of names and psychopathology. The main aim of our study was to investigate the association between the first names of children with ADHD and the trait of hyperactivity from various aspects. A total of 134 names of children with ADHD were compared to an age and sex- matched general population control name list.The names of ADHD patients were rated as expressing more hyperactivity linguistically than those of the general population controls. Names of ADHD patients had a lower number of syllables than control names (1.84±0.55 vs. 2.22±0.74, p< 0.0001) and their prevalence in the general population was significantly lower (0.0051±0.0046 vs. 0.0079±0.0076, p=0.0003). All findings remained significant following Bonferroni adjustment.Our findings strongly supported our hypothesis that the “nature” of names (i.e. linguistic meaning) of ADHD patients differed significantly from matched controls of the general population. Possible mechanisms that may explain this intriguing relationship are discussed as well as clinical implications in the field of psychotherapy.
The Prevalence of Substance Induced Psychosis & Substance Induced Mood Disorders in Adolescent Population
Authors: Aldandashi S. , Blackman M. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Drug and alcohol addiction is a leading cause of raising health care cost and has adverse effect on peoples health, social and occupational functioning.The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of substance induced psychosis and mood disorders in adolescent population, and to determine what type of substance causing the presentation.Methods:Child psychiatry consults in the emergency department at Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Canada during October, November, and December, 2007.Age was 12 to 17 years both sexes. Presenting complaints were either psychosis or mood symptoms. The diagnosis of substance induced disorder was made according to the DSM IV TR. Urine toxicology screen were obtained before discharge from Emergency department for cannabis, amphetamine, and cocaine. Blood test for ETOH was performed.Results:Total number of subjects was 27 patients. 70.37% presented with substance induced mood disorder, 29.62% with substance induced psychosis. For patients with psychosis (8, one was excluded, untested urine) 28.57% the urine test was positive for amphetamine, 42.85% marijuana, 14.28% cocaine, 14.28% negative test. For patients with mood disorder (19, 6 was excluded, untested urine) 76.92% urine was negative for substances, 15.30% blood was positive for ETOH, 7.69% urine was positive for cannabis.Discussion:In this preliminary data, a trend that substance induced mood disorder is more prevalent than substance induced psychosis. Substance is more to cause psychosis than mood disorder. Cannabis use is more than amphetamine and cocaine to produce psychosis. ETOH use is more than Cannabis to produce mood symptoms.
Integrated Treatment Programme for Young Adults with Concurrent Disorders
Authors: Amaladoss A. , MacCullam K. , MacPherson B. 
Published: March 2009

Background:The incidence of substance use, abuse and dependence seem to be increasing (1). It is probable that underlying mental illness, may reinforce individual's continuing substance indulgence (2), and If not intervened early, the consequence of this not only affects individual health, but also poses the threat of them procreating future sufferers.Objective:To detect mental illness at an early stage, in young adults with drug indulging behavior, and early intervention could be attempted.Method:A pilot project has been undertaken, for young adults (16-20 years) with concurrent disorder providing integrated intensive treatment program for six months. 12 patients were enrolled the study and 8 patients completed the study. A questionnaire has been devised to detect the probable existence of concurrent disorders. Assessment in all tridimensional spheres and intervened concurrently by the multidisciplinary team members. The outcome measures with the patients and the personnel were assessed by an independent assessor. The sensitivity and specificity of the devised questionnaire, has been measured.Result:There is significant correlation between underlying mental illness with drug indulgence and specific drug preference with type of mental illness have been elicited. The outcome measures along with the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire have been found significantly positive.Conclusion:It seems that the integrated treatment program is quite effective although resource consuming.Limitation:Small sample and limited duration which needs further replication.