bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analogue-based approaches in anti-cancer compound modelling: the relevance of QSAR models
Authors: Bohari Mohammed Hussaini , Srivastava Hemant Kumar , Sastry Garikapati Narahari 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
QSAR is among the most extensively used computational methodology for analogue-based design. The application of various descriptor classes like quantum chemical, molecular mechanics, conceptual density functional theory (DFT)- and docking-based descriptors for predicting anti-cancer activity is well known. Although in vitro assay for anti-cancer activity is available against many different cell lines, most of the computational studies are carried out targeting insufficient number of cell lines. Hence, statistically robust and extensive QSAR studies against 29 different cancer cell lines and its comparative account, has been carried out.

Results
The predictive models were built for 266 compounds with experimental data against 29 different cancer cell lines, employing independent and least number of descriptors. Robust statistical analysis shows a high correlation, cross-validation coefficient values, and provides a range of QSAR equations. Comparative performance of each class of descriptors was carried out and the effect of number of descriptors (1-10) on statistical parameters was tested. Charge-based descriptors were found in 20 out of 39 models (approx. 50%), valency-based descriptor in 14 (approx. 36%) and bond order-based descriptor in 11 (approx. 28%) in comparison to other descriptors. The use of conceptual DFT descriptors does not improve the statistical quality of the models in most cases.

Conclusion
Analysis is done with various models where the number of descriptors is increased from 1 to 10; it is interesting to note that in most cases 3 descriptor-based models are adequate. The study reveals that quantum chemical descriptors are the most important class of descriptors in modelling these series of compounds followed by electrostatic, constitutional, geometrical, topological and conceptual DFT descriptors. Cell lines in nasopharyngeal (2) cancer average R
2 = 0.90 followed by cell lines in melanoma cancer (4) with average R
2 = 0.81 gave the best statistical values.
Investigating a pathogenic role for TXNDC5 in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Chang Xiaotian , Zhao Yan , Yan Xinfeng , Pan Jihong , Fang Kehua , Wang Lin 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Expression of TXNDC5, which is induced by hypoxia, stimulates cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Our previous study detected increased TXNDC5 expression in the synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using proteomic methods. The current study investigated a pathogenic role for TXNDC5 in RA.

Method
Expression of TXNDC5 in synovial membranes was quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum TXNDC5 levels and serum anti-TXNDC5 antibody levels were determined using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 96 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near the TXNDC5 gene were genotyped using custom-designed Illumina 96-SNP VeraCode microassay. Allele frequencies and genotype frequencies of SNPs were assessed using a case-control design in a cohort of 267 Chinese patients with RA, 51 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 160 healthy controls. Additional genotyping of 951 patients with RA and 898 healthy controls was performed for four SNPs (rs2277105, rs369086, rs443861 and rs11962800) using the TaqMan method.

Results
Real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry detected significantly higher TXNDC5 expression in the synovial tissues of RA patients compared to samples from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or AS. ELISA detected significantly higher levels of TXNDC5 in the blood of RA patients compared to OA, AS and systemic lupus erythematosus patients, and healthy controls. ELISA did not detect significantly different levels of anti-TXNDC5 antibody in the blood of RA, OA and AS patients and healthy controls. A total of 9 SNPs (rs9505298, rs41302895, rs1225936, rs1225938, rs372578, rs443861, rs408014, rs9392189 and rs2743992) showed significant association with RA, while 16 SNPs (rs1044104, rs1225937, rs1225938, rs372578, rs89715, rs378963, rs1225944, rs1225947, rs1238994, rs369086, rs408014, rs368074, rs1225954, rs1225955, rs13209404 and rs3812162) showed significant association with AS. Taqman SNP assay demonstrated that rs443861 has an association with RA, which correlates with the microassay results.

Conclusions
TXNDC5 is up-regulated in synovial tissues of RA patients. TXNDC5 has a genetic effect on the risk of RA and AS.
A randomized, double-blind study of AMG 108 (a fully human monoclonal antibody to IL-1R1) in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Cohen Stanley B , Proudman Susanna , Kivitz Alan J , Burch Francis X , Donohue John P , Burstein Deborah , Sun Yu-Nien , Banfield Christopher , Vincent Michael S , Ni Liyun , Zack Debra J 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Introduction
AMG 108 is a fully human, immunoglobulin subclass G2 (IgG2) monoclonal antibody that binds the human interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor type 1, inhibiting the activity of IL-1a and IL-1b. In preclinical studies, IL-1 inhibition was shown to be beneficial in models of osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this two-part study was to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK; Part A) and clinical effect (Part B) of AMG 108 in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study in patients with OA of the knee.

Methods
In Part A, patients received placebo or AMG 108 subcutaneously (SC; 75 mg or 300 mg) or intravenously (IV; 100 mg or 300 mg) once every 4 weeks for 12 weeks; in Part B, patients received placebo or 300 mg AMG 108 SC, once every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. The clinical effect of AMG 108 was measured in Part B by using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index pain score.

Results
In Part A, 68 patients were randomized, and 64 received investigational product. In Part B, 160 patients were randomized, and 159 received investigational product. AMG 108 was well tolerated. Most adverse events (AEs), infectious AEs, serious AEs and infections, as well as withdrawals from the study due to AEs occurred at similar rates in both active and placebo groups. One death was reported in an 80-year-old patient (Part A, 300 mg IV AMG 108; due to complications of lobar pneumonia). AMG 108 serum concentration-time profiles exhibited nonlinear PK. The AMG 108 group in Part B had statistically insignificant but numerically greater improvement in pain compared with the placebo group, as shown by the WOMAC pain scores (median change, -63.0 versus -37.0, respectively).

Conclusions
The safety profile of AMG 108 SC and IV was comparable with placebo in patients with OA of the knee. Patients who received AMG 108 showed statistically insignificant but numerically greater improvements in pain; however, minimal, if any, clinical benefit was observed.

Trial Registration
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT00110942.
Psychopathology of perpetrators of fabricated or induced illness
in children: case series
Authors: Bass Christopher , Jones David 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundMunchausen's syndrome by proxy (recently renamed fabricated or induced
illness) is a rare form of child abuse, but relatively little is known
about the psychopathology of the perpetrators.AimsTo examine the medical, psychiatric, social work and forensic records of
mothers referred for detailed psychiatric assessment from 1996 to
2009.MethodTwenty-eight consecutive individuals with a putative diagnosis of
fabricated or induced illness were referred to the authors for detailed
psychiatric assessment and recommendations about management (25 from
family courts). We scrutinised all medical and psychiatric records and
interviewed them, as well as informants.ResultsIn total, 16 (57%) had evidence of a current somatoform disorder, and
factitious disorders (either past or current) were identified in 18
(64%): 11 participants had both somatoform and factitious disorders. Nine
participants (32%) had non-epileptic attacks. We found evidence of
pathological lying (pseudologia fantastica) in 17 (61%) of the
participants; in some there were key links between early abusive
experiences, the development of pathological lying and the eventual
fabrication of illness in the child victim.ConclusionsA chronic somatoform disorder or factitious disorder (or both) was
detected in almost two-thirds of the participants. Over half of the
mothers exhibited pathological lying, in some dating from adolescence,
and this often continued into adult life eventually involving the child
in a web of deceit and abuse. Psychiatrists whose work brings them into
contact with women with chronic somatoform or factitious disorders,
especially if there is evidence of lying from an early age, should always
be alert to the impact of these illnesses on any dependent children.
OPCRIT+: an electronic system for psychiatric diagnosis and data collection in clinical and research settings
Authors: Rucker James , Newman Stuart , Gray Joanna , Gunasinghe Cerisse , Broadbent Matthew , Brittain Philip , Baggaley Martin , Denis Mike , Turp John , Stewart Robert , Lovestone Simon , Schumann Gunter , Farmer Anne , McGuffin Peter 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundThe increasingly large sample size requirements of modern adult mental health research suggests the need for a data collection and diagnostic application that can be used across a broad range of clinical and research populations.AimsTo develop a data collection and diagnostic application that can be used across a broad range of clinical and research settings.MethodWe expanded and redeveloped the OPCRIT system into a broadly applicable diagnostic and data-collection package and carried out an interrater reliability study of this new tool.ResultsOPCRIT+ performed well in an interrater reliability study with relatively inexperienced clinicians, giving a combined, weighted kappa of 0.70 for diagnostic reliability.ConclusionsOPCRIT+ showed good overall interrater reliability scores for diagnoses. It is now incorporated in the electronic patient record of the Maudsley and associated hospitals. OPCRIT+ can be downloaded free of charge athttp://sgdp.iop.kcl.ac.uk/opcritplus.
Guidelines for screening and monitoring of cardiometabolic risk in schizophrenia: systematic evaluation
Authors: De Hert M. , Vancampfort D. , Correll C. U. , Mercken V. , Peuskens J. , Sweers K. , van Winkel R. , Mitchell A. J. 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundMetabolic and cardiovascular health problems have become a major focus for clinical care and research in schizophrenia.AimsTo evaluate the content and quality of screening guidelines for cardiovascular risk in schizophrenia.MethodSystematic review and quality assessment of guidelines/recommendations for cardiovascular risk in people with schizophrenia published between 2000 and 2010, using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE).ResultsThe AGREE domain scores varied between the 18 identified guidelines. Most guidelines scored best on the domains ‘scope and purpose’ and ‘clarity of presentation‘. The domain ‘rigour of development’ was problematic in most guidelines, and the domains ‘stakeholder involvement’ and ‘editorial independence’ scored the lowest. The following measurements were recommended (in order of frequency): fasting glucose, body mass index, fasting triglycerides, fasting cholesterol, waist, high-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein, blood pressure and symptoms of diabetes. In terms of interventions, most guidelines recommended advice on physical activity, diet, psychoeducation of the patient, treatment of lipid abnormalities, treatment of diabetes, referral for advice and treatment, psychoeducation of the family and smoking cessation advice. Compared across all domains and content, four European guidelines could be recommended.ConclusionsFour of the evaluated guidelines are of good quality and should guide clinicians' screening and monitoring practices. Future guideline development could be improved by increasing its rigour and assuring user and patient involvement.
Pathological gambling and the treatment of psychosis with
aripiprazole: case reports
Authors: Smith Neil , Kitchenham Nathan , Bowden-Jones Henrietta 
Published: July 2011

SummaryThis paper details three case reports that suggest that pathological
gambling activity may have been adversely modified following treatment for
psychosis with the antipsychotic aripiprazole. These reports are discussed
in the context of previous observations of the potential impact of
aripiprazole on impulse control and the implications such observations could
have for clinical practice and future research.
Pressures to adhere to treatment (‘leverage’) in English mental healthcare
Authors: Burns Tom , Yeeles Ksenija , Molodynski Andrew , Nightingale Helen , Vazquez-Montes Maria , Sheehan Kathleen , Linsell Louise 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundCoercion has usually been equated with legal detention. Non-statutory pressures to adhere to treatment, ‘leverage’, have been identified as widespread in US public mental healthcare. It is not clear if this is so outside the USA.AimsTo measure rates of different non-statutory pressures in distinct clinical populations in England, to test their associations with patient characteristics and compare them with US rates.MethodData were collected by a structured interview conducted by independent researchers supplemented by data extraction from case notes.ResultsWe recruited a sample of 417 participants from four differing clinical populations. Lifetime experience of leverage was reported in 35% of the sample, 63% in substance misusers, 33% and 30% in the psychosis samples and 15% in the non-psychosis sample. Leverage was associated with repeated hospitalisations, substance misuse diagnosis and lower insight as measured by the Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire. Housing leverage was the most frequent form (24%). Levels were markedly lower than those reported in the USA.ConclusionsNon-statutory pressure to adhere to treatment (leverage) is common in English mental healthcare but has received little clinical or research attention. Urgent attention is needed to understand its variation and place in community practice.
Music therapy for depression: it seems to work, but
how?
Authors: Maratos Anna , Crawford Mike J. , Procter Simon 
Published: July 2011

SummaryEvidence is beginning to emerge that music therapy can improve the mental
health of people with depression. We examine possible mechanisms of action
of this complex intervention and suggest that music therapy partly is
effective because active music-making within the therapeutic frame offers
the patient opportunities for new aesthetic, physical and relational
experiences.
Oestrogen receptor polymorphisms and late-life
depression
Authors: Ryan Joanne , Scali Jacqueline , Carrière Isabelle , Peres Karine , Rouaud Olivier , Scarabin Pierre-Yves , Ritchie Karen , Ancelin Marie-Laure 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundEvidence suggests a role for oestrogen in depression but the involvement
of oestrogen receptor polymorphisms remains unknown.AimsTo determine the association between oestrogen receptor polymorphisms and
late-life depression and the modifying effect of hormone treatment.MethodDepression was assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric
Interview, according to DSM-IV criteria and the Centre for Epidemiologic
Studies – Depression Scale. The association between oestrogen receptor α
and β (ER-α and ER-β) polymorphisms with severe depression was examined
in 6017 community-dwelling elderly people using multivariate logistic
regression.ResultsIn women, the ER-α rs2234693 and rs9340799 polymorphisms were
significantly associated with the risk of late-life depression. The
A allele of ER-β rs1256049 increased the risk of
depression, but only for non-current users of hormone treatment. In men,
only the ER-β rs4986938 polymorphism showed a weak association with
depression risk.ConclusionsOestrogen receptor polymorphisms are associated with severe late-life
depression risk in women only.
Praying with a patient constitutes a breach of professional boundaries in psychiatric practice
Authors: Poole Rob , Cook Christopher C. H. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryThe extent to which religion and spirituality are integrated into routine psychiatric practice has been a source of increasing controversy over recent years. While taking a patient's spiritual needs into account when planning their care may be less contentious, disclosure to the patient by the psychiatrist of their own religious beliefs or consulting clergy in the context of treatment are seen by some as potentially harmful and in breach of General Medical Council guidance. Here, Professor Rob Poole and Professor Christopher Cook debate whether praying with a patient constitutes a breach of professional boundaries in psychiatric practice.
Facial Nerve Function After Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery Following Failed Conservative Management
Authors: Kaltoft Mikkel , Stangerup Sven-Eric , Caye-Thomasen Per 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Because only a limited proportion of vestibular schwannomas display growth after diagnosis, an increasing number of patients are managed conservatively. Tumor growth during “wait and scan” may, however, necessitate surgery. In these cases, increased tumor size is likely to increase the risk of impaired facial nerve function after surgery.OBJECTIVE:To compare facial nerve function in patients operated on soon after diagnosis with patients allocated to conservative management and the subgroup of these who later had surgery because of tumor growth.METHODS:A total of 1378 consecutive patients diagnosed with a vestibular schwannoma 20 mm extrameatal or smaller were included; 419 patients were operated on soon after diagnosis, and 959 patients were initially managed conservatively. In the latter group, 161 patients were subsequently operated on owing to tumor growth.RESULTS:All conservatively managed patients had normal facial nerve function at the end of observation. Good facial nerve outcome was found in 87% of patients operated on at diagnosis and in 84% of patients operated on after established tumor growth. For the subgroup of small extrameatal tumors, this difference was significant. When all patients allocated primarily to conservative management were pooled, good facial function was found in 97%, which was significantly better than the result for primary operation (87%).CONCLUSION:Overall, conservative management of small to medium-sized vestibular schwannomas is the best option in terms of preservation of facial nerve function. Tumor growth during observation is found in only a minor proportion of the patients, and in these cases, surgery or irradiation should be performed immediately.
Epidemiological study on varicose veins in Budapest
Authors: Bihari I , Tornoci L , Bihari P 
Published: July 2011

Objective To analyse the prevalence and risk factors of varicose veins and chronic venous disease in Budapest. Method Data were collected using a questionnaire, as well as by performing physical and Doppler ultrasound examination of 566 adult inhabitants of Budapest and some neighbouring villages. Results The prevalence of lower-extremity varicose veins was 57.1% in the study population. Verified risk factors include advancing age, pregnancy, jobs requiring a lot of standing, blue-collar work and excess body weight. Neither female gender nor the use of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy was identified as a contributing factor. Conclusion Hungarian prevalence data and risk factors seem to be similar to other European countries.
Mechanochemical tumescentless endovenous ablation: final results of the initial clinical trial
Authors: Elias S , Raines J K 
Published: July 2011

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the ClariVein® system that employs mechanochemical ablation of the great saphenous vein (GSV). Method Patients eligible for ablation of the GSV underwent micropuncture access with only local anaesthesia to insert a 4 or 5 Fr sheath. The ClariVein® catheter was placed through the sheath, the wire was extruded, and the distal tip of the wire positioned 2 cm from the saphenofemoral junction under ultrasound guidance. Catheter wire rotation was then activated for 2–3 seconds at approximately 3500 rpm. With the wire rotating, infusion of the sclerosant was started simultaneously with catheter pullback. The sclerosant used was 1.5% liquid sodium tetradecyl sulphate (Sotradecol©, Bioniche Pharma Group, Geneva, Switzerland). Results Thirty GSVs in 29 patients were treated. All patients have reached six-month follow-up; the average number of postoperative days is 260. No adverse events have been reported. The Primary Closure Rate is 96.7%. Conclusion Mechanochemical ablation appears to be safe and efficacious. The ClariVein® technique eliminates the need for tumescent anaesthesia. The great majority of incompetent GSVs can be treated with this technique.
Optimizing secondary prevention: Statin prescribing across East and West London in accordance with NICE guidelines
Authors: Shakur Rameen , Sathasivam Santron , Yu Chris , Cheung Ivan , Selvakumaran Aran , Anandarajah Cholan , Shakur Amreen , Kaler Mandeep , Mcelligott Geraldine 
Published: July 2011

Objectives Statins are a well-known primary and secondary prevention drug for cardiovascular disease and NICE guidelines have been issued to identify key indicators for their use. An audit looking into statin prescribing for medical inpatients was carried out in two geographically distinct London hospitals. Design A prospective inpatient audit of medical prescription charts was performed. Blood results were reviewed for the inpatients during their admission to identify any contraindications for statin usage (rhabdomyolysis). The medical notes were also reviewed for patient refusal of statin therapy. Setting The study was carried out at two distinct hospitals in London. Whipps Cross University Hospital (WCUH) and Chelsea & Westminster Hospital (CWH) are located in East London and West London, respectively. Acute medical, surgical, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatric and palliative wards were excluded. Participants A total of 309 inpatient medical notes and prescription chart data were collected from WCUH ( n = 211) and CWH ( n = 98). Main outcome measures High percentage of hospitalized patients are not prescribed statins despite clear clinical indications for their use. Regardless of geographical and socioeconomic factors between hospitals, statin prescribing remains suboptimal. Results The patient demographics in both hospitals were very similar; the mean age at WCUH was 78 ± 15 1SD while at CWH the mean age was 74± 15 1SD. The results showed that approximately one-third of patients (30% at WCUH and 33% at CWH) had at least one indication for statin therapy according to NICE guidelines and yet they were not prescribed a statin. Ten percent of patients at WCUH and 13% of patients at CWH had ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and yet were not prescribed statins. Conclusion Statin prescription is often overlooked in secondary care with patients being discharged without the appropriate assessment (NICE guidelines), which subsequently means repeat prescriptions are not provided by the GP. This study is the first to show that this problem is not due to resources or geography, but is inherent within the NHS system. Consequently, a revised prescription chart checking system has been suggested for pharmacists and junior doctors.