bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Non‐Ti MXenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Novel Applications
Authors: Khan Karim , Tareen Ayesha Khan , Ahmad Waqas , Hussain Iftikhar , Chaudhry Mujeeb U. , Mahmood Asif , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Zhang Han , Xie Zhongjian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne of the most fascinating 2D nanomaterials (NMs) ever found is various members of MXene family. Among them, the titanium‐based MXenes, with more than 70% of publication‐related investigations, are comparatively well studied, producing fundamental foundation for the 2D MXene family members with flexible properties, familiar with a variety of advanced novel technological applications. Nonetheless, there are still more candidates among transitional metals (TMs) that can function as MXene NMs in ways that go well beyond those that are now recognized. Systematized details of the preparations, characteristics, limitations, significant discoveries, and uses of the novel M‐based MXenes (M‐MXenes), where M stands for non‐Ti TMs (M = Sc, V, Cr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, and Lu), are given. The exceptional qualities of the 2D non‐Ti MXene outperform standard Ti‐MXene in several applications. There is many advancement in top‐down as well as bottom‐up production of MXenes family members, which allows for exact control of the M‐characteristics MXene NMs to contain cutting‐edge applications. This study offers a systematic evaluation of existing research, covering everything in producing complex M‐MXenes from primary limitations to the characterization and selection of their applications in accordance with their novel features. The development of double metal combinations, extension of additional metal candidates beyond group‐(III–VI)B family, and subsequent development of the 2D TM carbide/TMs nitride/TM carbonitrides to 2D metal boride family are also included in this overview. The possibilities and further recommendations for the way of non‐Ti MXene NMs are in the synthesis of NMs will discuss in detail in this critical evaluation.
The Compromised Fanconi Anemia Pathway in Prelamin A‐Expressing Cells Contributes to Replication Stress‐Induced Genomic Instability
Authors: Nie Pengqing , Zhang Cheng , Wu Fengyi , Chen Shi , Wang Lianrong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGenomic instability is not only a hallmark of senescent cells but also a key factor driving cellular senescence, and replication stress is the main source of genomic instability. Defective prelamin A processing caused by lamin A/C (LMNA) or zinc metallopeptidase STE24 (ZMPSTE24) gene mutations results in premature aging. Although previous studies have shown that dysregulated lamin A interferes with DNA replication and causes replication stress, the relationship between lamin A dysfunction and replication stress remains largely unknown. Here, an increase in baseline replication stress and genomic instability is found in prelamin A‐expressing cells. Moreover, prelamin A confers hypersensitivity of cells to exogenous replication stress, resulting in decreased cell survival and exacerbated genomic instability. These effects occur because prelamin A promotes MRE11‐mediated resection of stalled replication forks. Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins, which play important roles in replication fork maintenance, are downregulated by prelamin A in a retinoblastoma (RB)/E2F‐dependent manner. Additionally, prelamin A inhibits the activation of the FA pathway upon replication stress. More importantly, FA pathway downregulation is an upstream event of p53‐p21 axis activation during the induction of prelamin A expression. Overall, these findings highlight the critical role of FA pathway dysfunction in driving replication stress‐induced genomic instability and cellular senescence in prelamin A‐expressing cells.
2D Materials in Advanced Electronic Biosensors for Point‐of‐Care Devices
Authors: Nisar Sobia , Dastgeer Ghulam , Shazad Zafar Muhammad , Zulfiqar Muhammad Wajid , Rasheed Amir , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Hussain Kashif , Rabani Iqra , Kim Deok‐kee , Irfan Ahmad , Chaudhry Aijaz Rasool 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSince two‐dimensionalal (2D) materials have distinct chemical and physical properties, they are widely used in various sectors of modern technologies. In the domain of diagnostic biodevices, particularly for point‐of‐care (PoC) biomedical diagnostics, 2D‐based field‐effect transistor biosensors (bio‐FETs) demonstrate substantial potential. Here, in this review article, the operational mechanisms and detection capabilities of biosensing devices utilizing graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), black phosphorus, and other 2D materials are addressed in detail. The incorporation of these materials into FET‐based biosensors offers significant advantages, including low detection limits (LOD), real‐time monitoring, label‐free diagnosis, and exceptional selectivity. The review also highlights the diverse applications of these biosensors, ranging from conventional to wearable devices, underscoring the versatility of 2D material‐based FET devices. Additionally, the review provides a comprehensive assessment of the limitations and challenges faced by these devices, along with insights into future prospects and advancements. Notably, a detailed comparison of FET‐based biosensors is tabulated along with various other biosensing platforms and their working mechanisms. Ultimately, this review aims to stimulate further research and innovation in this field while educating the scientific community about the latest advancements in 2D materials‐based biosensors.
Physical Unclonable Functions with Hyperspectral Imaging System for Ultrafast Storage and Authentication Enabled by Random Structural Color Domains
Authors: Lin Xiaofeng , Li Quhai , Tang Yuqi , Chen Zhaohan , Chen Ruilian , Sun Yingjuan , Lin Wenjing , Yi Guobin , Li Quan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhysical unclonable function (PUF) is attractive in modern encryption technologies. Addressing the disadvantage of slow data storage/authentication in optical PUF is paramount for practical applications but remains an on‐going challenge. Here, a highly efficient PUF strategy based on random structural color domains (SCDs) of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is proposed for the first time, combing with hyperspectral imaging system (HIS) for ultrafast storage and authentication. By controlling the growth and fusion behavior of the tactoids of CNC, the SCDs display an irregular and random distribution of colors, shapes, sizes, and reflectance spectra, which grant unique and inherent fingerprint‐like characteristics that are non‐duplicated. Based on images and spectra, these fingerprint features are used to develop two sets of PUF key generation methods, which can be respectively authenticated at the user‐end and the manufacturer‐front‐end that achieving a high coding capacity of at least 22304. Notably, the use of HIS greatly shortens the time of key reading and generation (≈5 s for recording, 0.5–0.7 s for authentication). This new optical PUF labels can not only solve slow data storage and complicated authentication in optical PUF, but also impulse the development of CNC in industrial applications by reducing color uniformity requirement.
Multi‐Step and Switchable Energy Transfer in Photoluminescent Organosilicone Capsules
Authors: Yu Longyue , Liu Hailong , Feng Ning , Yi Gang , Xin Xia , Hao Jingcheng , Li Hongguang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLight‐harvesting is of vital importance for many events, such as photosynthesis. To efficiently gather and transfer solar energy, delicate antenna is needed, which has been achieved by algae and plants. However, construction of efficient light‐harvesting systems using multiple, artificial building blocks is still challenging. Here, blue‐emitting organosilicone capsules containing carbon dots (denoted as CDs‐Si) in ethanol are prepared, which can effectively transfer energy to green‐emitting (silicone‐functionalized bodipy, Si‐BODIPY) or red‐emitting (rhodamine b, RhB) dyes. In ternary system, sequential Förster resonance energy transfer from CDs‐Si to Si‐BODIPY and further to RhB is realized, which is accompanied with a less pronounced, parallel FRET directly from CDs‐Si to RhB. The overall efficiency of energy transfer reaches ≈86%. By introducing a photoswitch (1,2‐bis(2,4‐dimethyl‐5‐phenyl‐3‐thienyl)‐3,3,4,4,5,5‐hexafluoro‐1‐cyclopentene, DAE) to the system, the emission becomes switchable under alternative illumination with UV and visible light, leading to the formation of smart artificial light‐harvesting systems.
Lignin‐Metal Supramolecular Framework Strategy of Self‐Healing Carbon‐Coated CoRu Alloy Nanocatalyst for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Lin Xuliang , Chen Dalang , Qiu Xueqing , Liu Bowen , Liu Jianglin , Wang Xiaofei , Sun Shirong , Qin Yanlin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCommon precursors for carbon materials typically include petroleum‐based polymers or MOF materials. However, these materials often encounter challenges such as metal aggregation, high cost, and metals leaching. In this work, a novel of approach lignin‐metal supramolecular framework complex (MSF@Lignin) is introduced. These complexes are formed through oxidative ammonolysis of lignin (OAL) to synthesize a nitrogen‐doped carbon‐encapsulated CoRu nanocatalyst (CoRu@OALC) via in situ carbonization. CoRu@OALC exhibited exceptional performance in both HER (90 mV) and OER (200 mV) at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, with an overall water splitting voltage of 1.5 V and outstanding stability under high density. During the pyrolysis process, metal became encapsulated by lignin‐derived carbon, occurring within the temperature range of 600–700 °C. In the catalytic process, active sites are primarily located within the defects in lignin‐derived carbon, showcasing a unique “self‐healing” phenomenon within the carbon layer. Oxygen‐containing intermediates (*OH, *O, and *OOH) facilitated the reconstruction of defects on the carbon layer, while the hydrogen‐containing intermediates (*H) contributed to the reappearance of a defect‐rich structure.
Association of estimated pulse wave velocity with cognitive function in a multiethnic diverse population: The Northern Manhattan Study
Authors: Aimagambetova Botagoz , Ariko Taylor , Gardener Hannah , Levin Bonnie , Sun Xiaoyan , Gutierrez Jose , Elkind Mitchell SV. , Wright Clinton B. , Rundek Tatjana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONArterial stiffness is linked to age‐related cognitive dysfunction. Estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) is associated with cerebrovascular disease. We sought to determine whether ePWV was associated with cognition in a multiethnic population.METHODSWe included 1257 participants enrolled in a Northern Manhattan Study magnetic resonance imaging MRI‐cognitive study (mean age 64 ± 8 years, 61% women, 67% Hispanic, 18% non‐Hispanic Black, 15% non‐Hispanic white) and analyzed cognitive performance at two time points, at enrollment and on an average 5.0 ± 0.6 years later. ePWV was calculated using baseline age and blood pressure. Cognition and cognitive change scores were regressed on ePWV in multivariable linear regression models.RESULTSIn adjusted models, ePWV (mean 11 ± 2 m/s) was significantly associated with cognition (b = −0.100, 95% CI, −0.120, −0.080) and cognitive change over time (b = −0.063, 95% CI, −0.082, −0.045). Effect modification by race and sex was found.DISCUSSIONIn this multiethnic population, the associations of ePWV with cognitive performance underline the role of vascular stiffness in age‐related cognitive decline.Highlights
ePWV is a modest but independent predictor of cognitive function and cognitive decline among older individuals.
After adjustment, the ePWV measure was inversely associated with performance and decline in global cognition, processing speed, episodic memory, executive function, and semantic memory.
After adjustment, modification of the association between ePWV and change in episodic memory and executive function by race and ethnicity was suggested by a significant interaction term.
The association between ePWV and episodic memory decline was stronger in females.
Constructing Microporous Ion Exchange Membranes via Simple Hypercrosslinking for pH‐Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Peng Kang , Zhang Chao , Fang Junkai , Cai Hongyun , Ling Rene , Ma Yunxin , Tang Gonggen , Zuo Peipei , Yang Zhengjin , Xu Tongwen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIon exchange membranes (IEMs) play a critical role in aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs). Traditional IEMs that feature microphase‐separated microstructures are well‐developed and easily available but suffer from the conductivity/selectivity tradeoff. The emerging charged microporous polymer membranes show the potential to overcome this tradeoff, yet their commercialization is still hindered by tedious syntheses and demanding conditions. We herein combine the advantages of these two types of membrane materials via simple in situ hypercrosslinking of conventional IEMs into microporous ones. Such a concept is exemplified by the very cheap commercial quaternized polyphenylene oxide membrane. The hypercrosslinking treatment turns poor‐performance membranes into high‐performance ones, as demonstrated by the above 10‐fold selectivity enhancement and much‐improved conductivities that more than doubled. This turn is also confirmed by the effective and stable pH‐neutral AORFB with decreased membrane resistance and at least an order of magnitude lower capacity loss rate. This battery shows advantages over other reported AORFBs in terms of a low capacity loss rate (0.0017 % per cycle) at high current density. This work provides an economically feasible method for designing AORFB‐oriented membranes with microporosity.
Gas‐sensing properties of polyaniline‐based nanocomposites for d‐limonene detection
Authors: Graboski Adriana Marcia , Feltes Giovana , Paschoalin Rafaella T. , Steffens Juliana , Paroul Natália , Steffens Clarice 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel wearable flexible gas sensor designed specifically for the detection of d‐limonene. The sensor utilizes materials recognized for their high efficiency‐to‐cost ratio, notably polyaniline (PANI) combined with carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene oxide (GO) as sensing layers. The study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the nanocomposite layers, examining their functional groups, morphology, topography, thickness, crystallinity, thermal behavior, surface area, as well as the size and volume of their pores. This examination showed distinctions among the nanocomposite layers. PANI/GO exhibited larger pore size and thickness, while PANI/MWCNT_COOH demonstrated a higher surface area. The analysis of thermal stability demonstrated that the film employing the DBSA dopant exhibited the lowest stability. Morphological characterizations showed a globular structure for PANI, tubular characteristics for PANI/MWCNT_COOH, and a flat nature for PANI/GO. When detecting d‐limonene, nanocomposite films doped with HCl demonstrated notably superior response levels. The gas sensors exhibited high sensitivity (>2.24 mV/ppm), a narrow range for the limit of detection (0.12–0.52 ppm), and excellent reversibility, stability, and selectivity. These findings suggest the possibility of broadening the application of gas sensors to monitor additional volatile compounds, with a particular emphasis on the online monitoring of agricultural products.
Comparing point‐wise and pair‐wise relevance judgment with brain signals
Authors: Zhu Shuqi , Xie Xiaohui , Ye Ziyi , Ai Qingyao , Liu Yiqun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHow to collect relevance judgment has long been an important problem in Information Retrieval (IR). A popular method is to collect relevance judgment in a point‐wise manner, in which assessors examine and give an absolute relevance score for each item independently of the others. As an alternative, pair‐wise relevance judgment, also named preference judgment, allows an assessor to compare two items side‐by‐side and express their preference for one over the other. Previous work has explored the differences between these two paradigms of relevance judgments from many different aspects. Most of these works are conducted through explicit/implicit feedback. However, few works investigate the underlying neurological mechanisms of the two paradigms. In this paper, we conduct a lab study to investigate and compare point‐wise and pair‐wise relevance judgment in image search scenarios. We study the neurological mechanisms of the two paradigms through an event‐related potential (ERP) analysis of the users' brain signals while viewing images during a search process. We have obtained several observations, such as search engine users tend to pay more attention to preferred items in the point‐wise paradigm but unpreferred items in the pair‐wise paradigm. Furthermore, we test the adoption of brain signals as implicit feedback for predicting pair‐wise relevance judgment, highlighting the feasibility of leveraging brain signals to understand users' relevance judgments.
Comprehensive genomic profiling and therapeutic implications for Taiwanese patients with treatment‐naïve breast cancer
Authors: Chen Shang‐Hung , Tse Ka‐Po , Lu Yen‐Jung , Chen Shu‐Jen , Tian Yu‐Feng , Tan Kien Thiam , Li Chien‐Feng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is a heterogeneous disease categorized based on molecular characteristics, including hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression levels. The emergence of profiling technology has revealed multiple driver genomic alterations within each breast cancer subtype, serving as biomarkers to predict treatment outcomes. This study aimed to explore the genomic landscape of breast cancer in the Taiwanese population through comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) and identify diagnostic and predictive biomarkers.MethodsTargeted next‐generation sequencing‐based CGP was performed on 116 archived Taiwanese breast cancer specimens, assessing genomic alterations (GAs), including single nucleotide variants, copy number variants, fusion genes, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) status. Predictive variants for FDA‐approved therapies were evaluated within each subtype.ResultsIn the cohort, frequent mutations included PIK3CA (39.7%), TP53 (36.2%), KMT2C (9.5%), GATA3 (8.6%), and SF3B1 (6.9%). All subtypes had low TMB, with no MSI‐H tumors. Among HR + HER2− patients, 42% (27/65) harbored activating PIK3CA mutations, implying potential sensitivity to PI3K inhibitors and resistance to endocrine therapies. HR + HER2− patients exhibited intrinsic hormonal resistance via FGFR1 gene gain/amplification (15%), exclusive of PI3K/AKT pathway alterations. Aberrations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and FGFR pathways were implicated in chemoresistance, with a 52.9% involvement in triple‐negative breast cancer. In HER2+ tumors, 50% harbored GAs potentially conferring resistance to anti‐HER2 therapies, including PIK3CA mutations (32%), MAP3K1 (2.9%), NF1 (2.9%), and copy number gain/amplification of FGFR1 (18%), FGFR3 (2.9%), EGFR (2.9%), and AKT2 (2.9%).ConclusionThis study presents CGP findings for treatment‐naïve Taiwanese breast cancer, emphasizing its value in routine breast cancer management, disease classification, and treatment selection.
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide
Authors: Maaß Mona Christin , Lanfermann Philipp , Waitz Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUm das Klima zu schützen, wird derzeit intensiv nach Alternativen zu fossilen Rohstoffen gesucht, die für die Erzeugung und Speicherung von Energie und für die Fertigung von Chemieprodukten genutzt werden können. Ein Forschungsansatz dabei ist, das klimaschädliche Kohlenstoffdioxid als Rohstoff zu erschließen. Es kann elektrochemisch durch eine homogen‐ oder heterogen‐katalysierte Reduktionsreaktion umgewandelt werden – z. B. in Kohlenstoffmonoxid, aus dem danach chemische Energieträger und wichtige Chemikalien für die chemische Industrie hergestellt werden können. Alternativ kann Kohlenstoffdioxid auch zu Ameisensäure umgesetzt werden, die beispielsweise als Energiespeicher geeignet ist. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Möglichkeit präsentiert, die elektrochemische CO2‐Reduktion experimentell in der Schule durchzuführen, um dieses Thema aus der aktuellen Forschung in den Chemieunterricht einzubinden.
NPM1‐mutated myeloid neoplasms are a unique entity not defined by bone marrow blast percentage
Authors: Gener‐Ricos Georgina , Bataller Alex , Rodriguez‐Sevilla Juan Jose , Chien Kelly S. , Quesada Andres E. , Almanza‐Huante Emmanuel , Hammond Danielle , Sasaki Koji , DiNardo Courtney , Kadia Tapan , Daver Naval , Borthakur Gautam , Issa Ghayas C. , Short Nicholas J. , Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Montalban‐Bravo Guillermo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionNPM1‐mutated (NPM1mut) myeloid neoplasms (MNs) with <20% bone marrow (BM) blasts (NPM1mut MNs<20) are uncommon, and their classification remains inconsistent.MethodsThe clinicopathologic features of 54 patients with NPM1mut MNs <20 were evaluated and compared with wild‐type NPM1 MNs <20 and NPM1mut MNs≥20, respectively.ResultsNPM1mut MNs had similar features regardless of blast percentage, except for higher IDH2 (29% vs 7%, p = .023) and FLT3 (70% vs 11%, p < .001) frequency in patients with ≥20% BM blasts. Thirty‐three (61%) patients with NPM1mut MNs <20 received low‐intensity chemotherapy (LIC) and 12 (22%) received intensive chemotherapy (IC). Higher complete remission rates (75% vs 27%, p = .006) and median overall survival (mOS) (not reached vs 30.4 months, p = .06) were observed with IC compared to LIC. Young patients (age <60 years) did not reach mOS either when treated with LIC or IC. Stem cell transplant was associated with increased survival only in patients treated with LIC (HR, 0.24; p = .025). No differences in mOS were observed by BM blast strata (32.2 months, not reached and 46.9 months for <10%, 10%–19%, and ≥20% blasts, p = .700) regardless of treatment modality (LIC: p = .900; IC: p = .360). Twenty‐three patients (43%) with NPM1mut MNs <20 had marrow blast progression to ≥20%.ConclusionsOverall, NPM1mut MNs define a unique entity independent of BM blast percentage.
Extensive soma‐soma plate‐like contact sites (ephapses) connect suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons
Authors: Czeisler Mark É. , Shan Yongli , Schalek Richard , Berger Daniel R. , Suissa‐Peleg Adi , Takahashi Joseph S. , Lichtman Jeff W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the central pacemaker for mammalian circadian rhythms. As such, this ensemble of cell‐autonomous neuronal oscillators with divergent periods must maintain coordinated oscillations. To investigate ultrastructural features enabling such synchronization, 805 coronal ultrathin sections of mouse SCN tissue were imaged with electron microscopy and aligned into a volumetric stack, from which selected neurons within the SCN core were reconstructed in silico. We found that clustered SCN core neurons were physically connected to each other via multiple large soma‐to‐soma plate‐like contacts. In some cases, a sliver of a glial process was interleaved. These contacts were large, covering on average ∼21% of apposing neuronal somata. It is possible that contacts may be the electrophysiological substrate for synchronization between SCN neurons. Such plate‐like contacts may explain why the synchronization of SCN neurons is maintained even when chemical synaptic transmission or electrical synaptic transmission via gap junctions is blocked. Such ephaptic contact‐mediated synchronization among nearby neurons may therefore contribute to the wave‐like oscillations of circadian core clock genes and calcium signals observed in the SCN.