bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact analytical calculation of the wavefront structure function for the case of Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence
Authors: ЯГНЯТИНСКИЙ Д.А. , ФЕДОСЕЕВ В.Н. , ШЕПЕЛЕВ А.В. 
Published: June 2024

В связи важностью структурной функции для расчета (или описания) распространения оптического излучения в турбулентной атмосфере, была поставлена задача определения этой функции по известным модовым коэффициентам разложения волнового фронта. Получены новые формулы для точного аналитического расчета структурной функции фронта на круглой апертуре. В отличие от описанного в литературе аналитического метода предлагаемый способ корректно учитывает всю область определения, включая приграничные зоны апертуры. Проведено сравнение результатов предлагаемого аналитического расчета с существующим методом, а также с численным расчетом при выбранной дискретизации на примерах полиномов Цернике, функций Карунена–Лоэва, соответствующих колмогоровской модели турбулентности, и колмогоровских волновых фронтов. Приводятся величины уклонения структурных функций, рассчитанных по существующему аналитическому методу и численно, от результатов, полученных новым способом. Указаны и объяснены универсальность и другие преимущества предложенного нами аналитического расчета структурной функции. Результат позволит точно определять структурную функцию волнового фронта по модовым коэффициентам в задачах распространения оптического излучения в случайно-неоднородных средах.
Due to the importance of using the structure function for problems of optical radiation propagation in a turbulent atmosphere, the task of determining this function from the known mode coefficients of wavefront expansion was set. New formulas have been derived for the exact analytical calculation of the wavefront phase structure function on a circular aperture. Unlike the previously published analytical method, the proposed approach correctly accounts the entire domain, including the area near the edge of the aperture. The new method is compared to the published one and a numerical calculation with the distretization chosen sufficiently fine. The test samples comprised Kolmogorov wavefronts and Zernike polynomials and Karhunen–Loѐve functions corresponding to the Kolmogorov turbulence model. The deviations of the results of the published before method from the new one and from the numerical calculation are provided. The advantages and generality of the new method are stated and explained. The result will make it possible to accurately determine the structure function of the wavefront by its mode coefficients in problems of optical radiation propagation in randomly inhomogeneous media.
Hospitalized Adolescents’ Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Discussions
Authors: McFadden Vanessa , Porada Kelsey , Emlen Nicole , Pickett Michelle L. , Quinn Katherine 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES
Experts recommend that providers discuss adolescent patients’ sexual and reproductive health (SRH) at any health care encounter, including hospitalizations. The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain insight into hospitalized adolescents’ experiences and perspectives on SRH discussions (SHDs) to better inform patient-centered care.

METHODS
Private semistructured interviews were conducted with hospitalized adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. Interviews were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. Themes were developed through an iterative process with focus on the primary research aim.

RESULTS
Twenty participants were interviewed with a median age of 15.4 years. Adolescents expressed a range of preferences related to SHDs with providers. Themes included (1) experiences discussing SRH with providers, (2) SHDs during hospitalization, (3) communication preferences, and (4) perceptions of why providers initiate SHDs. Viewpoints about SHDs during hospitalizations varied, including that they addressed unmet needs, as well as that they seemed irrelevant to some participants. Aspects that facilitate SHDs include brevity with relevant depth, nonjudgmental provider demeanor, and reassurance of privacy. Some participants believed providers could judge the depth of discussion needed on the basis of the adolescent’s age or personality.

CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights variation in adolescents’ preferences around SHDs with health care providers. Providers should initiate SHDs with statements of purpose and confidentiality. Given the variation in adolescents’ perspectives, tools to privately collect self-reported behaviors before an SHD may help providers frame the conversation to the adolescent’s specific SRH needs and communication style preferences.
Unemployment hysteresis in Central and Eastern European countries during EU-membership
Authors: Kizilkaya Oktay , Mike Faruk , Kizilkaya Fatma 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aims to analyse the time series properties of the unemployment rates in 10 Central and Eastern European countries after joining the European Union. Three types of unit root tests were conducted: (1) linear unit root tests, namely ADF, PP, LM, and RALS-LM tests; (2) LM and RALS-LM unit root tests with two structural breaks; and (3) LM and RALS-LM unit root tests with Fourier function. The results reveal that the hysteresis hypothesis is valid for Bulgaria, Czechia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania and Slovenia, whereas the structuralist hypothesis is valid for Estonia and Poland. However, the natural rate hypothesis holds only for Slovakia.
Solvent bar microextraction based on using deep eutectic solvent and multivariate optimization for simultaneous determination of antidepressant and antiepileptic drugs in biological fluids
Authors: AL-Hashimi Nabil N. , El-Sheikh Amjad H. , Alfawaz Alaa S. , Assaf Khaleel I. , Abed Alfattah Husam , Fahelelbom Khairi M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMonitoring medications in biological fluids is an essential aspect of patient care, particularly in cases of altered mental status where accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and even forensic examinations are crucial. In this study, a new approach combining hydrophobic-deep-eutectic and solvent-bar-microextraction (HDE-SBME) followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was developed for the simultaneous determination of desipramine, clomipramine, as antidepressant and carbamazepine as antiepileptic agents in untreated human urine and plasma samples. The HDE solvents, synthesized using various ratios of menthol and fatty acids, were utilized in the SBME setups. Computational methods were employed to predict the structure and modes of interaction between HDE and the chosen analytes. Central composite design methodology (CCD) was used for multivariate optimization of the effects of different parameters influencing the extraction efficiency of the proposed method. Under optimized experimental conditions, the calibration graph of the spiked selected drugs in urine and plasma samples demonstrated excellent linearity (R2 ≥ 0.994), with limits of detection/quantification below 0.60/2.02 μg L−1. The extraction recoveries achieved were 88–97%, and the repeatability/reproducibility (RSD%, n = 5) was less than 6.12/7.57. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine selected drugs in patients' urine and plasma samples. The proposed method detects three drugs in patients' urine and plasma samples without using toxic volatile organic solvents. The proposed microextraction technique exhibited a confident sensitivity, feasible operation, and simplicity compared with other published methods. Thus, it can be considered a promising method for monitoring the therapeutic levels of specific antidepressant and antiepileptic drugs in urine and plasma samples.
Association between Acute Declines in eGFR during Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition and Risk of Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Ku Elaine , Tighiouart Hocine , McCulloch Charles E. , Inker Lesley A. , Adingwupu Ogechi M. , Greene Tom , Estacio Raymond O. , Woodward Mark , de Zeeuw Dick , Lewis Julia B. , Hannedouche Thierry , Hou Fan Fan , Jafar Tazeen H. , Imai Enyu , Remuzzi Giuseppe , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Toto Robert D. , Sarnak Mark J. 
Published: June 2024

Key Points

Renin-angiotensin system inhibition was favorable for risk of kidney failure (compared with 0% decline with use of placebo or other agents) up to declines in eGFR of 13% over a 3-month period.Relation between eGFR decline after renin-angiotensin system inhibitor initiation and risk of outcomes was stronger in the first 2 years of follow-up and waned over time.

Background
Declines in GFR occur commonly when renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors are started. Our objective was to determine the relation between declines in eGFR during trials of RAS inhibition and kidney outcomes.

Methods
We included participants with CKD (eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) from 17 trials of RAS inhibition. The exposure was subacute declines in eGFR expressed as % change between randomization and month 3, and in the subset of trials with data available, we also examined % change in eGFR between randomization and month 1. The primary outcome was kidney failure with replacement therapy. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between subacute declines in eGFR and risk of kidney failure. We used spline models to identify the threshold of change in eGFR below which RAS inhibition was favorable (conservatively comparing a given decline in eGFR with RAS inhibition to no decline in the comparator).

Results
A total of 11,800 individuals with mean eGFR 43 (SD 11) ml/min per 1.73 m2 and median urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 362 mg/g (interquartile range, 50–1367) were included, and 1162 (10%) developed kidney failure. The threshold of decline in eGFR that favored the use of RAS inhibitors for kidney failure was estimated to be up to 13% (95% confidence interval, 8% to 17%) over a 3-month interval and up to 21% (95% confidence interval, 15% to 27%) over a 1-month interval after starting RAS inhibitors.

Conclusions
In patients treated with RAS inhibitors, ≤13% decline in eGFR over a 3-month period or ≤21% decline over a 1-month period was associated with lower risk of kidney failure compared with no decline in those assigned to placebo or other agents.
A study of nutritional assessment in children with pneumonia or diarrhoea and pneumonia and diarrhoea both admitted at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kamat Raksha , Patel Tinkalbahen Dilipbhai , Kumar Tarun , Kovvalil Athirq , Bulsara Panna 
Published: June 2024

: Adequate Nutrition is essential for development of human. Malnutrition includes both undernutrition and over-nutrition and refers to deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in the intake of energy, protein and/or other nutrients. Benefits of good health are perceived not only at the individual level but also at the level of society and country.: To study the proportion and severity of malnutrition in children admitted with pneumonia and Acute Diarrhoea. To study the correlation of severity of malnutrition in both pneumonia and diarrhoea in children.: A cross sectional study was conducted 374 among Paediatrics patient between 1 month to 5 years of age, admitted at Paediatric ward, New Civil Hospital, Surat.: Majority of patients were male (n=236, 63.10%). Maximum subjects were in age range 1-3 years (n=194, 51.87%), followed by 103 subjects ≤1 year of age and 77 subjects were &#62;3-5 years of age. Only 288 subjects were completely immunized (77%) and rest of 86 patients were partially immunized (23%). In present study, maximum subjects were full term babies (n=283, 75.67%) and 91 patients were preterm infants (24.33%). And maximum subjects were normal birth weight (n=276, 73.80%) and 98 subjects (26.20%) had low birth weight at the time of delivery.: SAM must be identified and handled carefully since it causes more difficulties and requires a longer hospital stay than MAM and the regular nutrition group. MAM, which is commonly ignored, must be recognised and monitored because it can eventually result in SAM.
STRATEGY FOR ENSURING THE QUALITY OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Yaroshevska Larysa , Shostak Igor , Galimska Inna , Petliovana Liliia , Demchenko Olha 
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the article is to characterise the formation of a strategy for ensuring the quality of distance education in Ukraine. Methods: content analysis of modern literature, analysis, synthesis, and modelling were used. The main criteria for selecting scientific sources are relevance, reliability, and impartiality. The scientific novelty is the professional development of a modern strategy for ensuring the quality of distance education in Ukraine based on the analysis of modern pedagogical literature. The results of the study describe four stages of the formation of an innovative strategy for ensuring the quality of distance education in Ukraine. It is determined that similar to the system of traditional full-time education, distance learning requires the establishment of rules and the creation of a comprehensive framework and guidelines. At the same time, the clarity and balance of educational regulations is important in the system of empowering educational institutions to ensure the effective participation of both teachers and students at all levels. The results note that the key components of a quality assurance strategy for distance education are programme planning, selection of appropriate digital technologies, teacher training, assessment and reporting, and continuous improvement of the entire educational system. Monitoring and identification of risk areas are also important parts of the strategy, which provide an accurate understanding of the dynamics of educational outcomes and facilitate timely adjustment of the educational process in distance learning. The conclusions emphasise that monitoring is a particularly important part of this strategy. It is this process that helps to ensure effective and high-quality education that meets the needs of modern students and society.
UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA SOBRE A ESCOLA PÚBLICA NO BRASIL: DESAFIOS E (IM) POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Villela Mafra da Silva Andréa , Ramos de Novaes Áurea Cristina 
Published: June 2024

No Brasil, a experiência da Escola Municipal Tia Ciata (ETC), dos anos de 1980, que atendia a jovens, considerados analfabetos, vivendo em situação de rua ou nas favelas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro é o ponto de entrada para analisar os desafios e as im(possibilidades) em torno da organização curricular da escola pública. A intenção é descrever alguns elementos das práticas emancipatórias da ETC e o quanto daquela dinâmica se torna imprescindível em todos os espaços pedagógicos, em tempos pós pandêmicos. Buscamos compreender se a relação da instituição escola, no Brasil, com a questão da vulnerabilidade social, acrescida pela cruel realidade exposta pela pandemia do Coronavírus, traz imensos confrontos com posições divergentes. Metodologicamente, recorremos à análise documental e bibliográfica. Assumindo como referência esta experiência da ETC, concluímos que as perspectivas curriculares pressupõem uma educação democrática, em uma visão de mundo que respeite o perfil da pessoa para quem se pensa o currículo. É, pois, uma tarefa imprescindível fazer do conhecimento escolar uma dimensão emancipatória.
Application of SNP Markers to Identify Genetic Variation on Mutant Lines of Adan-Krayan, Special Local Rice from North Kalimantan
Authors: Prasetiyono Joko , Hidayatun Nurul , Tasliah  , Pratiwi Etty , Salma Selly , Syakhril  , Riyanto  , Subandi  , Mahrup  , Moeljopawiro Sugiono 
Published: June 2024

Adan rice, a local rice from the Krayan highland of North Kalimantan is marked by its fine taste that consumers like. However, this rice can only be planted once a year due to its long lifespan. Efforts have been made to develop a short-lived version of Adan, to enable it to be planted twice a year. Adan Kelabit was initially exposed to gamma radiation, which produced several mutants. Field selection identified eight mutants with shorter lifespans than the Adan. In this study, these eight mutants were observed further. SNP markers were carried out to confirm the occurrence of mutations, while observations of agronomic characters and grain quality were carried out to determine the most promising lines. The molecular study showed mutations found in all chromosomes of the mutants and differentiated them from the original Adan, with the similarity level ranging from 0.746 to 0.843. However, this closeness is not correlated to the dosage of the gamma rays applied. The majority of the mutants have shorter plant height and higher yield potential. On average, the mutant is 11.5% shorter on heading date, 22.69% higher on tiller number, 27.14% higher on grain weight, and 26.64% higher on other parameters of yield potential. Apart from the shorter heading date, each mutant has its superiorities. The A25 and A28 mutant lines have much higher yield potential while maintaining the same level of amylose content as the Adan rice. These two mutants can be considered for further development or dissemination for farmer adoption.
The Significance of Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9, Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Calcium and Zinc as Biomarkers in Sera of Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Ahmed Nadir Fenik , Abdullah Ali Zeyan 
Published: June 2024

سرطان القولون والمستقيم هو اضطراب يبدأ حصريا في القولون والمستقيم وينجم عن تكاثر الشاذ للخلايا الظهارية الغدية في القولون. من المعلوم أن مستضد الكربوهيدرات 19-9 والمستضد السرطانى المضغى والكالسيوم والزنك يلعبون دورا هاما فى امراض ورم القولون والمستقيم. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو التحقيق في مستويات مصل لمستضد الكربوهيدرات 19-9 و المستضد السرطاني المضغي والكالسيوم والزنك فى مرضى سرطان القولون والمستقيم. في هذه الدراسة تم البحث عن الأهمية الحيوية لمستضد الكربوهيدرات 19-9 ومستضد السرطاني المضغي والكالسيوم والزنك في تطور السرطان من خلال مقارنة مستويات مصل مرضى المصابين بسرطان القولون والمستقيم مع مجموعة الاصحاء في مستشفى ناناكالي في اربيل. تم فحص مستويات مستضد الكربوهيدرات 19-9 و مستضد المصل السرطاني المضغي و الكالسيوم والزنك في 50 مريضا مصابا بسرطان القو لون والمستقيم و 50 من مجموعة الاصحاء. تم العثور على علاقة أيجابية كبیرة بين المستضد الكربوهيدرات 19-9 ومستضد السرطانى المضغي.( P<0.0165, r= 0.37230) و ارتباط سلبي غير معنوي بين المستضد الكربوهيدرات 19-9 مع الكالسيوم (P=0.77, r= -0.0471) والزنك .(P=0.6334r= -0.07676) وفقا لهذه الدراسة ، هناك علاقة مباشرة بين سرطان القولون والمستقيم ومستويات مصل الدم لكل من مستضد الكربوهيدرات 19-9 ، مستضد السرطانى المضغي ، الكالسيوم والزنك. و تظهر النتائج بشكل ملحوظ القيمة العالية لمصل المستضد الكربوهيدرات 19- 9 (p<0.0001) و مستضد السرطانى المضغي P<0.0001)) و انخفاض كبير في قيم كل من الكالسيوم 0.0011) ( والزنك (0.0046) في مرضى سرطان القولون والمستقيم عند مقارنتها بمجموعة الاصحاء. النتائج التي توصلنا اليها تظهر ان زيادة مستويات المستضد الكربوهيدرات 19-9 ومستضد السرطاني المضغي و انخفاض مستويات الكالسيوم والزنك يمكن ان التسبب في ظهورسرطان القولون والمستقيم وتطوره.
Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on hepcidin/ferroportin axis and VDR expression in HFHF-fed rats
Authors: Mosaad Saad Abd-Elgwaad Hager , Adel Abd El-Hamid Barakat Heba , Hassan Abdel Aziz Sharaf Eman , Gamal El-Rahmany Nourhan 
Published: June 2024

يعد إستهداف محور الهيبسيدين- فيروبورتن هو الآلية الرئيسية المشاركة في الصحه الايضيه. تهدف هذه الدراسه إلي دراسة العلاقه المتشابكه بين حالة فيتامين د وتوازن الحديد في متلازمة التمثيل الغذائي الناجم عن إتباع نظام غذائي عالي الدهون وعالي الفركتوز في الجرذان .كانت المجموعات التجريبيه علي النحو التالي G1 التحكم السلبي ، G2التحكم الموجب ، G3 و G4(نظام غذائي متوازن ومدعم بفيتامين د 12و24 ميكروجرام / كجم من وزن الجسم علي التوالي مرتين في الاسبوع ). G5 و G6(نظام غذائي عالي الدهون و عالي الفركتوزلومدعم بفيتامين د 12و24 ميكروجرام / كجم من وزن الجسم علي التوالي مرتين في الاسبوع). تم تقييم العديد من العوامل البيوكيميائيه والجزيئيه والنسيجيه في السيرم وانسجة الكبد . أظهرت النتائج أن تناول فيتامين د عدل بشكل كبير توازن الحديد المضطرب الناتج عن النظام الغذائي العالي في الدهون والفركتوز من خلال تنظيم محور الهيبسيدين-الفيروبروتين مما يؤدي إلي تحسن كبير في مستوي الحديد في السيرم ، كما أن تناول فيتامين د يعزز حالة مضادات الاكسده عن طريق تقليل نشاط مستوى الMDA وزيادة نشاط HO-1 في السيرم بالإضافه إلي تنظيم التعبير الجيني لNrf2 . كما أنه يخفف من إرتفاع المؤشرات الحيويه الإلتهابيه في السيرم و مستوي الresistin بينما يزيد بشكل ملحوظ من مستوي الadiponectin في السيرم ، علاوة علي ذلك ، تم تنظيم التعبير الجيني لمستقبلات فيتامين د في أنسجة الكبد وزيادة نسبة فيتامين د في السيرم بشكل ملحوظ مما أدي إلي تحسين مقاومة الانسولين وتقليل نسبة الدهون في السيرم . تظهر النتائج المجهريه وجود إرتشاح دهني بينما بعد تناول فيتامين د حدث تحسن في أنسجة الكبد .
Adaptive Lossy Color Image Compression System Based on Hybrid Algorithm
Authors: Khammas Husam Khalid , Türkben Ayça Kurnaz 
Published: June 2024

مع التطور الحاصل في العصر الرقمي، أصبحت تقنيات الوسائط المتعددة منتشرة، حيث يتوقع المستخدمون محتوى صوتي ومرئي وصوري عالي الجودة عبر مختلف المنصات والأجهزة الرقمية. ونتيجة لذلك، زاد حجم البيانات الناتجة عن برامج الوسائط المتعددة هذه بشكل كبير. بالإضافة الى ذلك، أدى النمو الهائل في استخدام الوسائط المتعددة الى زيادة في عدد الصور التي يتم استخدامها وإنشاؤها، مما خلق تحديات من حيث الحاجة الى زيادة في سعة التخزين وتحسين سرعة نقل البيانات. ومن أجل مواجهة هذه التحديات، برز ضغط الصور كحل بالغ في الأهمية. حيث يعمل ضغط الصور من خلال تقليل حجم الصورة دون المساس بشكل كبير الى جودتها. ومع التقدم التكنلوجي الحاصل بشكل كبير، ستصبح الحاجة الى المزيد من تقنيات ضغط الصور أمر في بالغ الأهمية. تقدم هذه الورقة البحثية نظام ضياع هجين لضغط الصور بأستخدام أربع تقنيات ضغط مهجنة وهي تقطيع مستوى البت، وتحويل المويجه المتقطع (DWT)، وتحويل جيب التمام المتقطع (DCT)، والتشفير الحسابي. ولذلك لتنفيذ هذه الطريقة المقترحة في هذا البحث، تم إجراء ثلاث تجارب باستخدام صور ذات أبعاد حجمية مختلفة وهي (256*256) و (512*512) و (1024*1024) وأربعة من معاملات التكميم المختلفة. ومن أجل قياس كفاءة النظام المقترح تم استخدام ثلاثة مقاييس مختلفة وهي: نسبة ذروة الاشارة الى نسبة الضوضاء (PSNR)، ومؤشر التشابه الهيكلي (SSIM)، ونسبة الضغط (CR). وقد أظهرت النتائج إن النظام المقترح نجح في رفع نسبة ضغط الصور الى مستوى أعلى عند مقارنته بتقنية JPEG القياسية حيث وصلت نسبة الضغط CR عند استخدام JPEG إلى 35%، بينما قدم النظام المقترح نسبة ضغط أعلى قد وصلت الى 62% مع الحفاظ على مستوى مرضي من جودة الصورة.
Predicting Maternal Outcomes Using Tree-based Methods in Machine Learning
Authors: Nwokoro Chukwudi Obinna , Uzoka Faith-Michael , Inyang Udoinyang G. , Eyoh Imo J. , Duke Onyeabochukwu Augustine , Nwokoro Kelechi Cynthia. , K Joseph U. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Maternal health, with its global significance for maternal mortality rates, is a paramount concern. This study focuses on leveraging tree-based algorithms to aid healthcare providers in informed decision-making for expectant mothers. Analyzing 4,000 antenatal care records in Nigeria's Niger Delta area (2018–2022) identified 15 critical features using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to predict outcomes like stillbirth, full-term birth, preterm birth, miscarriage, placenta previa, and maternal mortality. Decision Tree (DT) prioritizes Hemoglobin Level (HL), Random Forest (RF) includes HL, Pulse Rate (PR), and Packed Cell Volume Level (PCVL). AdaBoost (ADA) emphasizes HL, Maternal Weight (MW), and Preeclampsia (PREE). Gradient Boosted Trees (GBT) consistently prioritizes HL, PREE, and MW, with Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) aligning with these features. A bar chart illustrates precision scores, with XGBoost leading at 0.95, GBT at 0.93, Random Forest at 0.92, AdaBoost at 0.91, and DT at 0.90. These findings offer valuable insights for healthcare professionals and researchers aiming to enhance maternal health outcomes. Future research avenues include exploring the synergy of tailored logistic regression models with gradient-boosted algorithms to enhance discrimination and calibration. Additionally, combining gradient-boosted trees algorithms with SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) could provide deeper insights into feature importance and predictive performance improvements.