bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal abundance, diet, and energy consumption of round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) in Lake Erie tributary streams
Authors: Pennuto C. M. , Krakowiak P. J. , Janik C. E. 
Published: March 2010

Pennuto CM, Krakowiak PJ, Janik CE. Seasonal abundance, diet, and energy consumption of round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) in Lake Erie tributary streams. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 206–215. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  The invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is a benthic invertivore that has become established in many lake and river systems of Europe and the United States, especially within the Great Lakes basin. Multiple reports document its negative impact on benthic macroinvertebrates and fishes in lakes and recent studies show fish and invertebrate communities in streams are equally at risk. We assessed the seasonal abundance of round gobies and their summer diet composition in tributary streams to Lake Erie. Populations of round gobies in the lower reaches of two tributary streams peaked in abundance in early fall, were absent in late winter, and reappeared in early spring, suggesting a possible out‐migration to the lake in winter. Population size distributions show a peak recruitment of young round gobies in July and low‐level recruitment through October. In this study, round gobies obtained most of their energy from amphipods, chironomids, and caddisflies compared to other invertebrates, and midges were consumed in greater proportion than their availability suggesting a preference for these prey. As the stream lacked molluscs, large round gobies remained generalist invertivores without a diet shift to molluscivory as has been reported in lake studies. The observations on recruitment and abundance, and possible out‐migration suggest the lower reaches of tributary streams may act as source populations for lake‐bound round gobies. It may be possible to take advantage of this out‐migration behaviour as a control strategy to capture large numbers of round gobies each winter.
Effects of feeding ratio of beet pulp to alfalfa hay or grass hay on ruminal mat characteristics and chewing activity in Holstein dry cows
Authors: IZUMI Kenichi , UNNO Chigusa 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe influence of the feeding ratio of a non‐forage fiber source and hay on ruminal mat characteristics and chewing activity was evaluated in dairy dry cows. Cows were fed four different diets: the ratios of alfalfa hay (AH) to beet pulp (BP) were 8:2 (dry matter basis, A8B2) and 2:8 (A2B8), and those of grass hay (GH) to BP were 8:2 (G8B2) and 2:8 (G2B8). Total eating time was decreased with increasing BP content (P < 0.01). Total rumination time for AH was shorter than that for GH (P < 0.01), and it decreased with increasing BP content (P < 0.01). The ruminal mat was detected by using a penetration resistance test of the rumen digesta. Penetration resistance value (PRV) of ruminal mat was highest with the G8B2 diet and PRV decreased with increasing BP content (P < 0.05) and feeding AH (P < 0.05). Thickness of the ruminal mat was greater for increasing BP content (P < 0.05). Simple linear regression of ruminal mat PRV on total rumination time resulted in a high positive correlation (r = 0.744; P < 0.001; n = 16). The results demonstrated that increasing the PRV of the ruminal mat stimulated rumination activity and a ruminal mat could be formed, although it was soft even when cows were offered a large quantity of BP.
Pilot study to test the safety of an exercise machine on healthy adult females
Authors: MIYAJIMA Taeko , ISHIDA Kazuyoshi , SATO Mitsuko , YAMAGATA Zentaro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim: To assess the safety and effectiveness of a chair‐type training machine developed for the elderly and to conduct a training program in healthy women using this machine.Methods: Twenty‐four healthy women (mean age: 27.0 ± 5.4 years; range: 21–38 years) were randomly assigned to the exercise program (intervention) group (n = 12) or the control group (n = 12). Intervention: Training program using the chair‐type training machine for the elderly in 60‐min sessions twice a week for 12 weeks. Measurements: Safety standards for machinery (ISO 12100) and physiological phenomena (blood pressure, heart rate, and subjective symptoms and objective symptoms) were assessed. The primary endpoints were isometric muscle strength (knee joint extension strength (KJES)), ankle dorsal flexion strength (ADFS), and ankle plantar flexion strength (APFS); these were assessed using standardized protocols at the beginning and the end of intervention.Results: There were two dropouts in the intervention group. The safety of the machine was judged as acceptable based on the standard. No training‐related medical problems occurred. It was observed that 12 weeks after the end of the training program, the isometric muscle strengths of all the left muscles and the right APFS were reinforced in the intervention group (P < 0.05). The right KJES and right ADFS of the intervention group did not show significant change when compared to the control.Conclusion: The chair‐type training machine and the training program with this machine are safe and effective for increasing muscle strength.
Low‐Grade Endotoxemia Contributes to Chronic Inflammation in Hemodialysis Patients: Examination With a Novel Lipopolysaccharide Detection Method
Authors: Terawaki Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Keitaro , Yamada Yukiko , Maruyama Yukio , Iida Rinako , Hanaoka Kazushige , Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Obata Toru , Hosoya Tatsuo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractChronic inflammation has recently been proposed to play a major role in the development of cardiovascular disease and mortality among advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients; however, why advanced CKD promotes chronic inflammation is still unclear. We hypothesized that a very low level of plasma endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) contributes to chronic inflammation in advanced CKD patients. We measured the plasma LPS levels using a novel LPS detection method (ESP method, a method for endotoxin detection using laser scattering photometry) concurrently with serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels and various blood tests in 17 stable hemodialysis (HD) patients. As a result, the median LPS levels measured by the ESP method was 0.23 pg/mL (range, 0.01–3.89) (inflow, start of HD), 0.22 pg/mL (<0.01–9.97) (outflow, start of HD), 0.37 pg/mL (<0.01–7.42) (inflow, end of HD), and 1.07 pg/mL (<0.01–10.66) (dialysate), respectively; statistically significant differences were not detected between them. The predialysis median CRP level was 0.19 mg/dL (0.04–3.02). The logarithm of plasma LPS independently correlated with serum CRP (R = 0.595, P = 0.0103). In multiple (forward stepwise) regression analysis, in which CRP was determined to be the criterion variable, LPS (log), albumin, and the white blood cell count were adopted as independent explanatory variables (R = 0.401, −0.397 and 0.387, respectively). In conclusion, the present study revealed a significant relationship between LPS and CRP using the novel ESP method, and suggested that very low‐grade endotoxemia is contributing to systemic inflammation in HD patients.
EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC TREATMENT ON THE GEL STRENGTH OF TILAPIA (SAROTHERODON NILOTICA) SURIMI
Authors: ZHANG YIN , ZENG QING‐XIAO , ZHU ZHI‐WEI , ZHOU RUI 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the gel strength of tilapia (Sarotherodon nilotica) surimi was investigated. Prior to chopping, surimi was treated by ultrasound, 250 W at 28 kHz, 45 kHz, and 100 kHz, respectively. The results showed that the breaking force, deformation, and gel strength of surimi gels prepared from ultrasonic‐treated (UT) surimi were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of the control. A possible reason for the result was that ultrasonic treatment led to a disruption of muscle tissue. This was supported by the observation that the salt‐ or water‐soluble proteins of UT surimi were higher (P < 0.05) than those of the control; the microscope images; and the optimal chopping times for the maximum breaking force, deformation, and gel strength were longer than that adopted in the gel preparation; there were no new peaks produced in the SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the UT surimi and the control.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONChopping is important for the preparation of surimi gel. The purpose of chopping is to disrupt muscle structure, permitting the muscle proteins to be effectively dissolved by salt and to form a stronger gel. Research has indicated that ultrasound can disrupt cell walls. Therefore, ultrasound was used with mechanical chopping to disrupt the muscle structure of tilapia surimi. This supplies a new method to process surimi.
HIGH METHOXYL PECTIN/APPLE PARTICLES COMPOSITE GELS: EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE AND PARTICLE CONCENTRATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND GEL STRUCTURE
Authors: GENOVESE DIEGO B. , YE AIQAIN , SINGH HARJINDER 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT In order to study the effect of fruit pulp on the structure of fruit jams, they were modeled as composites with a high‐methoxyl pectin (HMP) gel matrix filled with apple particles. The effect of particle concentration (0, 1 and 2 wt%) and particle size (small: <125 µm, and large: 125–850 µm) on a pectin gel (0.5 wt% HMP, 65 wt% glucose, pH 3.0, 0.1 M citrate buffer) were studied. Rheological measurements showed that increasing concentration of small particles produced a significant increase in the elastic modulus of the composite gels. Penetration tests showed that 1 wt% small particles produced a significant decrease of gel strength, rupture strength, adhesiveness and brittleness. Increasing particle size produced a further decrease of these properties (only significant for gel strength). When concentration of small particles was raised to 2 wt%, these parameters (except brittleness) increased back to the control sample (0% particles) values.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSKnowledge of the effect of fruit particles on the structure of pectin gels would allow controlling the rheological and mechanical properties of fruit jams in terms of the size and concentration of fruit pulp used in their formulation.
INFLUENCE OF FENUGREEK SEED POWDER ON THE DOUGH RHEOLOGY, MICROSTRUCTURE AND QUALITY OF PAROTTA – AN INDIAN FLAT BREAD
Authors: INDRANI D. , RAJIV JYOTSNA , RAO G. VENKATESWARA 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT The effect of replacement of wheat flour with 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% fenugreek seed powder (FSP) on the rheological characteristics of wheat flour and quality of parotta was studied. Increasing FSP from 0 to 7.5% increased farinograph water absorption from 61.8 to 72.2%, amylograph peak viscosity (920–1,250 BU), spread ratio of parotta (31–34.8), decreased extensograph extensibility from 124 to 97 mm and shear force from 1,300 to 1,150 g. However, the values for farinograph stability, extensograph resistance to extension and area increased only up to 5% FSP level. Sensory evaluation showed that parotta with perceptible fenugreek flavor and without adverse effect on the quality characteristics could be produced by adding 5% FSP. The micrographs of parotta dough, outer and middle layers of baked parotta containing 5% FSP showed a thick matrix and starch granules appeared to be coated with fenugreek gum. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe information on the effect of fenugreek seed powder on rheological characteristics of wheat flour in relation to parotta will be useful in the production of speciality parotta with perceptible fenugreek flavor. Such parottas will have medicinal value also. This study will throw a light on the use of functional ingredients in flat breads.
Satellite remote sensing for mapping vegetation in New Zealand freshwater environments: A review
Authors: Ashraf Salman , Brabyn Lars , Hicks Brendan J. , Collier Kevin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFreshwater environments in New Zealand provide a range of ecosystem services and contain important biodiversity. Managing these environments effectively requires a comprehensive inventory of the resource and cost‐effective tools for regular monitoring. The complex and extensive margins of natural water bodies make them difficult to sample comprehensively. Problems thus occur with extrapolating point‐specific sampling to accurately represent the diversity of vegetation in large freshwater bodies. Mapping freshwater vegetation using satellite remote sensing can overcome problems associated with access, scale and distribution, but it requires high‐resolution images that have appropriate spectral characteristics. This paper provides an overview of the optical satellite data characteristics required for mapping riparian, submerged and emergent vegetation associated with freshwater environments in New Zealand.
Exploring the fringe belt concept in Auckland: An urban morphological idea and planning practice
Authors: Gu Kai 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe idea of urban fringe belts has been recognised as a powerful means of understanding the physical form of urban areas and the process of urban outward growth and internal change. Surrounding Auckland's city core, an inner fringe belt can be recognised. Farther out there are middle and outer fringe belts. Fluctuations in socio‐economic development, the adoption of new transport modes, land reclamation and topography are major factors influencing the formation of these fringe belts. The examination of changes to fringe belts highlights important issues of urban transformation, which are pertinent to planning and design policies for urban landscape management.
Morphological dynamics of upland headwater streams in the southern North Island of New Zealand
Authors: Schwendel Arved C. , Fuller Ian C. , Death Russell G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractShort‐term channel dynamics of mountain stream reaches in the southern North Island of New Zealand were assessed over two successive 3‐month periods using morphological budgeting. Response to floods varies between reaches, even when the catchments were located close to each other and had similar characteristics. The reaches on the Central Volcanic Plateau experienced least morphological change, while streams with steep catchments and migrating planform in the Tararua and Ruahine Ranges showed frequent channel adjustments. Channel response is conditioned by intrinsic variables rendering reaches responsive or robust to the effects of floods, and this is likely to reflect the degree of connectivity between slopes and channels, and reaches.
‘Anywhere you can talk about how you feel is better’: Young people's experiences of sexual health messages
Authors: Coleman Tara M. , Kearns Robin A. , Collins Damian C. A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDespite increased sexuality education in New Zealand, concern remains about high rates of sexually transmitted infection and unplanned pregnancy among young people. To understand this ‘gap’, we consider what high school students learn about sexual health, and where they learn it. Narrative evidence reveals the negative, risk‐oriented nature of sexual health messages at school and at home. In these power‐laden places, little information is imparted about several key issues, including emotions. Students are aware of such absences, and articulate a desire for more open discussions of sexual health and sexuality, as is possible in informal settings occupied by friends.
An analysis of cascade‐aerated facultative waste stabilisation ponds in the United Kingdom
Authors: Rinnhofer Bernhard , Smith Michael D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the performance of cascade‐aerated facultative ponds in a waste stabilisation pond (WSP) installation in the United Kingdom. The pond system is privately owned and treats wastewater from a conference centre with a population equivalent between 20 and 40. A snapshot analysis investigates the removal efficiency of BOD, COD, SS, FC and nutrients. Further, the oxygen supply through ‘flow form’ cascades is examined, and the DO concentrations, surface loads and retention times are discussed. The results show a very high removal of BOD, COD and SS; and nutrient removal is satisfactory. An unusual finding is that the FC removal efficiency is almost two log units better than for a common maturation pond. This is possibly attributable to the high cascade flow, where wastewater is exposed to the damaging effects of sunlight (photo‐oxidation).
Skeletal muscle fibre diversity and the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Canepari M. , Pellegrino M. A. , D’Antona G. , Bottinelli R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe review first briefly summarizes how myosin isoforms have been identified as the major determinant of the functional variability among skeletal muscle fibres. The latter feature is a major characteristic of muscle fibres and a major basis of skeletal muscle heterogeneity and plasticity in vivo. Then, evidence is reported, which indicates that the properties of muscle fibres can vary with no change in the myosin isoform they express. Moreover, the physiological and pathological conditions (ageing, disuse, exercise training, muscular dystrophy) in which such myosin isoform independent change in functional properties occurs and the possible underlying mechanisms are considered. Finally, the known molecular bases of the functional differences among slow and fast isoforms are briefly dealt with.
Dynamic expression of hepatic thioredoxin mRNA in rats with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: DUAN Xiao Yan , ZHAO He Ping , FAN Jian Gao 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE:  To investigate the expression and significance of thioredoxin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high fat diet.METHODS:  A total of 48 male Wistar rats were divided into a normal control group and a model group, which were both divided into three subgroups (at weeks 9, 13 and 18, respectively). The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), free fatty acid (FFA), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyeride (TG), changes in the serum and hepatic tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The expression of thioredoxin mRNA in rat livers were detected with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Meanwhile, the pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by hematoxylin‐eosin stain.RESULTS:  Simple fatty liver was observed in model group at week 9. From weeks 13 to 18, liver histopathology showed steatohepatitis. Compared with corresponding normal groups, in the model groups the levels of TNF‐α, FFA, TC, TG in serum, and MDA in serum and liver increased significantly, while the vitality of SOD and GSH content in serum and liver decreased remarkably. Meanwhile, in the model group, the expression of hepatic thioredoxin mRNA was significantly decreased at week 9 compared with the normal group (P < 0.01), then increased gradually, but were lower than the corresponding normal groups at all times (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:  The expression of thioredoxin mRNA is significantly lower in the liver of rats with NAFLD and might reach the lowest point after developing simple fatty liver. Meanwhile the downregulation of thioredoxin mRNA may cause the inflammatory injury initially in NAFLD.
Slugs’ last meals: molecular identification of sequestered chloroplasts from different algal origins in Sacoglossa (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda)
Authors: HÄNDELER KATHARINA , WÄGELE HEIKE , WAHRMUND UTE , RÜDINGER MAREIKE , KNOOP VOLKER 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSome sacoglossan sea slugs have become famous for their unique capability to extract and incorporate functional chloroplasts from algal food organisms (mainly Ulvophyceae) into their gut cells. The functional incorporation of the so‐called kleptoplasts allows the slugs to rely on photosynthetic products for weeks to months, enabling them to survive long periods of food shortage over most of their life‐span. The algal food spectrum providing kleptoplasts as temporary, non‐inherited endosymbionts appears to vary among sacoglossan slugs, but detailed knowledge is sketchy or unavailable. Accurate identification of algal donor species, which provide the chloroplasts for long‐term retention is of primary importance to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms allowing long‐term functionality of the captured chloroplast in the foreign animal cell environment. Whereas some sacoglossans forage on a variety of algal species, (e.g.Elysia crispataandE. viridis)others are more selective. Hence, characterizing the range of functional sacoglossan‐chloroplast associations in nature is a prerequisite to understand the basis of this enigmatic endosymbiosis. Here, we present a suitable chloroplast gene (tufA) as a marker, which allows identification of the respective algal kleptoplast donor taxa by analysing DNA from whole animals. This novel approach allows identification of donor algae on genus or even species level, thus providing evidence for the taxonomic range of food organisms. We report molecular evidence that chloroplasts from different algal sources are simultaneously incorporated in some species ofElysia. NeigborNet analyses for species assignments are preferred over tree reconstruction methods because the former allow more reliable statements on species identification via barcoding, or rather visualize alternative allocations not to be seen in the latter.
Single‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A comparative study in 106 initial cases
Authors: Kim JH , You YK , Hong TH , Lee SK , Park JH , Yoon YC , Kim JG 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIntroduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been the standard of care for gallbladder diseases since the late 1980s. Many surgeons have rapidly adopted single‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder pathologies. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinical outcome in initial single‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: Data from 106 consecutive single‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomies between May 2008 and April 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. We divided the patients into two groups – an early group (group I, n=56) and a late group (group II, n=50) – to compare clinical outcomes. During each procedure, only one longitudinal transumbilical incision, 1.5 to 2.0 cm in length, was made to access the abdominal cavity. A multichannel port system was assembled with existing devices. Standard laparoscopic instruments were used to perform each cholecystectomy.Results: Patient demographics did not differ between the two groups. Of the eight cases that were converted to conventional laparoscopic surgery, seven were part of group I (P=0.063). Mean operation time for single‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy was significantly shorter in group II (58.2 versus 71.6 min, P=0.004). There were two operative complications in group I, which were successfully managed with laparoscopic surgery. There was no statistical difference in occurrence of operative complication and hospital stay between the two groups.Conclusion: Single‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely performed for various gallbladder lesions in selected cases, and the operation time improved with accumulation of cases.
Rigid local systems and motives of typeG2. With an appendix by Michale Dettweiler and Nicholas M. Katz
Authors: Dettweiler Michael , Reiter Stefan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUsing the middle convolution functorMCχintroduced by N. Katz, we prove the existence of rigid local systems whose monodromy is dense in the simple algebraic groupG2. We derive the existence of motives for motivated cycles which have a motivic Galois group of typeG2. Granting Grothendieck’s standard conjectures, the existence of motives with motivic Galois group of typeG2can be deduced, giving a partial answer to a question of Serre.