bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel chemically defined medium for the biotechnological and biomedical exploitation of the cell factory Leishmania tarentolae
Authors: Cattaneo Giulia Maria , Varotto-Boccazzi Ilaria , Molteni Riccardo , Ronchetti Federico , Gabrieli Paolo , Mendoza-Roldan Jairo Alfonso , Otranto Domenico , Montomoli Emanuele , Bandi Claudio , Epis Sara 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of media for cell culture is a major issue in the biopharmaceutical industry, for the production of therapeutics, immune-modulating molecules and protein antigens. Chemically defined media offer several advantages, as they are free of animal-derived components and guarantee high purity and a consistency in their composition. Microorganisms of the genus Leishmania represent a promising cellular platform for production of recombinant proteins, but their maintenance requires supplements of animal origin, such as hemin and fetal bovine serum. In the present study, three chemically defined media were assayed for culturing Leishmania tarentolae, using both a wild-type strain and a strain engineered to produce a viral antigen. Among the three media, Schneider's Drosophila Medium supplemented with Horseradish Peroxidase proved to be effective for the maintenance of L. tarentolae promastigotes, also allowing the heterologous protein production by the engineered strain. Finally, the engineered strain was maintained in culture up to the 12th week without antibiotic, revealing its capability to produce the recombinant protein in the absence of selective pressure.
Vegetation index and livestock practices as predictors of malaria transmission in Nigeria
Authors: Okunlola Oluyemi , Oloja Segun , Ebiwonjumi Ayooluwade , Oyeyemi Oyetunde 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNigeria is the most malaria-endemic country in the world. Vegetation and livestock practices have been linked to malaria transmission but little is known about these in Nigeria. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of vegetation and livestock as predictors of malaria transmission in Nigeria. Secondary data obtained from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey’s Geospatial Covariate Datasets Manual were used for the analysis. The survey was carried out successfully in 1389 clusters of thirty (30) households each using a two-stage stratified random sampling design. Hierarchical beta regression models were used to model the associations between malaria incidence, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and livestock practices. The correlation coefficients for vegetation index and livestock-related variables ranged from − 0.063 to 0.074 and varied significantly with the incidence of malaria in Nigeria (P < 0.001). The model showed vegetation index, livestock goats, and sheep as positive predictors of malaria transmission. Conversely, livestock chicken and pigs were observed to reduce the risk of malaria. The study recommends the need to take into account local differences in transmission when developing malaria early warning systems that utilize environmental and livestock predictors.
Multilevel analysis of social determinants of advanced stage colorectal cancer diagnosis
Authors: Dantas Amanda Almeida Gomes , de Oliveira Nayara Priscila Dantas , Costa Guilherme Augusto Barcello , Martins Luís Felipe Leite , dos Santos Jonas Eduardo Monteiro , Migowski Arn , de Camargo Cancela Marianna , de Souza Dyego Leandro Bezerra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe advanced stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) may be related to individual factors, socioeconomic conditions, and healthcare service availability. The objective of the study was to analyze the prevalence of advanced stage CRC at the time of diagnosis and its association with individual, contextual, socioeconomic, and healthcare service indicators. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing cases of malignant neoplasms of the colon and rectum in individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 and 99 years, diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 in Brazil (n = 69,047). Data were collected from the Hospital Cancer Registry (HCR), Atlas of Human Development in Brazil, and from the National Registry of Health Institutions (NRHI). A Multilevel Poisson Regression model with random intercept was used. The prevalence of advanced stage CRC at diagnosis was 65.6%. Advanced stage was associated with older age groups prevalence ratio (PR) 4.40 and younger age groups (PR 1.84), low Human Development Index (HDI) (PR 1.22), and low density of family health strategy teams (PR 1.10). The study highlights the unequal distribution of social determinants of health in the diagnosis CRC in Brazil, revealing the need to evaluate and redirect public policies aimed at improving early detection and prevention of CRC in the country.
Chloroplast genome analysis and evolutionary insights in the versatile medicinal plant Calendula officinalis L.
Authors: Zhang Ningyun , Huang Kerui , Xie Peng , Deng Aihua , Tang Xuan , Jiang Ming , Mo Ping , Yin Hanbin , Huang Rongjie , Liang Jiale , He Fuhao , Liu Yaping , Hu Haoliang , Wang Yun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCalendula officinalis L.is a versatile medicinal plant with numerous applications in various fields. However, its chloroplast genome structure, features, phylogeny, and patterns of evolution and mutation remain largely unexplored. This study examines the chloroplast genome, phylogeny, codon usage bias, and divergence time of C. officinalis, enhancing our understanding of its evolution and adaptation. The chloroplast genome of C. officinalis is a 150,465 bp circular molecule with a G + C content of 37.75% and comprises 131 genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between C. officinalis, C. arvensis, and Osteospermum ecklonis. A key finding is the similarity in codon usage bias among these species, which, coupled with the divergence time analysis, supports their close phylogenetic proximity. This similarity in codon preference and divergence times underscores a parallel evolutionary adaptation journey for these species, highlighting the intricate interplay between genetic evolution and environmental adaptation in the Asteraceae family. Moreover unique evolutionary features in C. officinalis, possibly associated with certain genes were identified, laying a foundation for future research into the genetic diversity and medicinal value of C. officinalis.
Enhanced response of thermospheric cooling emission to negative pressure pulse
Authors: Bag Tikemani , Ogawa Yasunobu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) emission via 5.3 µm wavelength plays dominant role in regulating the thermospheric temperature due to thermostat nature. The response of NO 5.3 mm emission to the negative pressure impulse during November 06–09, 2010 is studied by using Sounding of Atmosphere by Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) observations onboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite and model simulations. The TIMED/SABER satellite observations demonstrate a significant enhancement in the high latitude region. The Open Geospace General Circulation Model (OpenGGCM), Weimer model simulations and Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment measurements exhibit intensification and equatorward expansion of the field-aligned-currents (FACs) post-negative pressure impulse period due to the expansion of the dayside magnetosphere. The enhanced FACs drive precipitation of low energy particle flux and Joule heating rate affecting whole magnetosphere–ionosphere–thermosphere system. Our study based on electric fields and conductivity derived from the EISCAT Troms$${\o }$$
ø
radar and TIEGCM simulation suggests that the enhanced Joule heating rate and the particle precipitations prompt the increase in NO cooling emission.
Mapping burned areas in Thailand using Sentinel-2 imagery and OBIA techniques
Authors: Suwanprasit Chanida , Shahnawaz  
Published: April 2024

AbstractMonitoring burned areas in Thailand and other tropical countries during the post-harvest season is becoming increasingly important. High-resolution remote sensing data from Sentinel-2 satellites, which have a short revisit time, is ideal for accurately and efficiently mapping burned regions. However, automating the mapping of agriculture residual on a national scale is challenging due to the volume of information and level of detail involved. In this study, a Sentinel-2A Level-1C Multispectral Instrument image (MSI) from February 27, 2018 was combined with object-based image analysis (OBIA) algorithms to identify burned areas in Mae Chaem, Chom Thong, Hod, Mae Sariang, and Mae La Noi Districts in Chiang Mai, Thailand. OBIA techniques were used to classify forest, agricultural, water bodies, newly burned, and old burned regions. The segmentation scale parameter value of 50 was obtained using only the original Sentinel-2A band in red, green, blue, near infrared (NIR), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The accuracy of the produced maps was assessed using an existing burned area dataset, and the burned area identified through OBIA was found to be 85.2% accurate compared to 500 random burned points from the dataset. These results suggest that the combination of OBIA and Sentinel-2A with a 10 m spatial resolution is very effective and promising for the process of burned area mapping.
Levels of autonomy in FDA-cleared surgical robots: a systematic review
Authors: Lee Audrey , Baker Turner S. , Bederson Joshua B. , Rapoport Benjamin I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe integration of robotics in surgery has increased over the past decade, and advances in the autonomous capabilities of surgical robots have paralleled that of assistive and industrial robots. However, classification and regulatory frameworks have not kept pace with the increasing autonomy of surgical robots. There is a need to modernize our classification to understand technological trends and prepare to regulate and streamline surgical practice around these robotic systems. We present a systematic review of all surgical robots cleared by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from 2015 to 2023, utilizing a classification system that we call Levels of Autonomy in Surgical Robotics (LASR) to categorize each robot’s decision-making and action-taking abilities from Level 1 (Robot Assistance) to Level 5 (Full Autonomy). We searched the 510(k), De Novo, and AccessGUDID databases in December 2023 and included all medical devices fitting our definition of a surgical robot. 37,981 records were screened to identify 49 surgical robots. Most surgical robots were at Level 1 (86%) and some reached Level 3 (Conditional Autonomy) (6%). 2 surgical robots were recognized by the FDA to have machine learning-enabled capabilities, while more were reported to have these capabilities in their marketing materials. Most surgical robots were introduced via the 510(k) pathway, but a growing number via the De Novo pathway. This review highlights trends toward greater autonomy in surgical robotics. Implementing regulatory frameworks that acknowledge varying levels of autonomy in surgical robots may help ensure their safe and effective integration into surgical practice.
Groundwater vulnerability to pollution in Africa’s Sahel region
Authors: Podgorski Joel , Kracht Oliver , Araguas-Araguas Luis , Terzer-Wassmuth Stefan , Miller Jodie , Straub Ralf , Kipfer Rolf , Berg Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProtection of groundwater resources is essential to ensure quality and sustainable use. However, predicting vulnerability to anthropogenic pollution can be difficult where data are limited. This is particularly true in the Sahel region of Africa, which has a rapidly growing population and increasing water demands. Here we use groundwater measurements of tritium (3H) with machine learning to create an aquifer vulnerability map (of the western Sahel), which forms an important basis for sustainable groundwater management. Modelling shows that arid areas with greater precipitation seasonality, higher permeability and deeper wells or water table generally have older groundwater and less vulnerability to pollution. About half of the modelled area was classified as vulnerable. Groundwater vulnerability is based on recent recharge, implying a sensitivity also to a changing climate, for example, through altered precipitation or evapotranspiration. This study showcases the efficacy of using tritium to assess aquifer vulnerability and the value of tritium analyses in groundwater, particularly towards improving the spatial and temporal resolution.
Research on joint scheduling method of order grading and machine maintenance
Authors: Zeng Wenyu , Li Mingfu , Jiang Ruisen , Huang Ye , Lei Gaopan , Liu Yi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the multi‐variety and large‐scale order production mode, enterprises must balance delivery deadlines and maintain customer satisfaction while also considering the health status of machines. Therefore, the authors propose a method for jointly optimising production scheduling and machine maintenance. Before machine processing, an order value grading and sorting model and a machine health‐status group partitioning model are constructed to classify orders into different production value levels and machines into different health‐status groups, respectively. During machine processing, based on the Weibull distribution theory, a ‘health evaluation function value’ constraint machine preventive maintenance (PM) model and PM strategy are proposed to account for the changing health status of machines; these are integrated with the order allocation machine strategy as decision‐making elements in the production schedule. Finally, two case studies are used to verify the effectiveness of this proposed model and method. The results show that compared to general scheduling schemes, the proposed method can reduce total delay and improve customer satisfaction. Additionally, the PM plan proposed in this method can improve production efficiency and line stability compared to periodic maintenance.
Impact of magnet shape and material on the magnet stress
Authors: Cao Li , Hu Yan , Wang Bohan , Wu Wenkun , Shi Daolong , Zhuo Liang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMagnet cracking is a common issue in external rotor motors. To investigate the causes of magnet cracking and propose solutions, the authors consider the effects of magnet shape, magnet and yoke material fit on the motor rotor magnets, perform a static analysis of the motor rotor. The simulation and test results show that the stress distribution of tile‐shaped magnets is better than that of rectangular magnets. The highest safety margin of 56.41% is achieved for the magnet and yoke material fit of DT4/N35(EH). The maximum force of the permanent magnet (PM) exceeds 22.38% of the stress limit when the material fit is DT4/SmCo28, which can lead to cracks in the PM. The results of this paper have important reference significance for the structural design of the external rotor motor and their safe and reliable operation.
Enhancing DC microgrid performance through machine learning‐optimized droop control
Authors: Saeidinia Younes , Arabshahi Mohammadreza , Aminirad Mohammad , Shafie‐khah Miadreza 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA machine learning‐based optimized droop method is suggested here to simultaneously reduce the production cost (PC) and power line losses (PLL) for a class of direct current (DC) microgrids (MGs). Traditionally, a communication‐less technique known as the hybrid droop method has been employed to decrease PC and PLL in DC MGs. However, achieving the desired reduction in either PC or PLL requires arbitrary adjustments of weighting coefficients for each distributed generator in the conventional hybrid droop method. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a systematic approach that capitalizes on the benefits of artificial intelligence to accurately predict both the PC and PLL in a DC MG. Furthermore, an optimization technique relying on the gradient descendent method is employed to independently optimize both PC and PLL for each scenario. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through a comparative study with classical and hybrid droop coordination schemes under various scenarios such as rapid load changes.
Semantic segmentation of remote sensing images based on dual‐channel attention mechanism
Authors: Jiang Jionghui , Feng Xi'an , Huang Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDue to the inadequate utilization of data correlation and complementarity in the feature extraction process of multimodal remote sensing images, the paper proposes a deep learning semantic segmentation algorithm based on the Dual Channel Attention Mechanism (DCAM). This algorithm uses U‐Net as the backbone, combining the RGB remote sensing image as one input channel with the Convolutional Block Attention Module to extract colour space features. Simultaneously, it utilizes near‐infrared (NIR) as another input channel with the Self‐Attention Module (SAM) to extract shape space features. Finally, by concatenating the multi‐scale attention features of the RGB remote sensing image channel and the NIR remote sensing image channel, it achieves the correlation and complementarity of contextual features between the two modal remote sensing images. Experimental results on the GID‐15 dataset demonstrate that the DCAM algorithm significantly improves the segmentation accuracy, edge segmentation quality, and object segmentation integrity for various types of targets compared to current mainstream segmentation methods.
Core to ultracompact HII region evolution in the W49A massive protocluster
Authors: Nony T. , Galván-Madrid R. , Brouillet N. , Suárez G. , Louvet F. , De Pree C. G. , Juárez-Gama M. , Ginsburg A. , Immer K. , Lin Y. , Liu H. B. , Román-Zúñiga C. G. , Zhang Q. 
Published: April 2024

Aims. We aim to identify and characterize cores in the high-mass protocluster W49A, determine their evolutionary stages, and measure the associated lifetimes.
Methods. We built a catalog of 129 cores extracted from an ALMA 1.3 mm continuum image at 0.26″ (2900 au) angular resolution. The association between cores and hypercompact or ultracompact HII (H/UC HII) regions was established from the analysis of VLA 3.3 cm continuum and H30α line observations. We also looked for emission of hot molecular cores (HMCs) using the methyl formate doublet at 218.29 GHz.
Results. We identified 40 cores associated with an H/UC HII region and 19 HMCs over the ALMA mosaic. The 52 cores with an H/UC HII region and/or an HMC are assumed to be high-mass protostellar cores, while the rest of the core population likely consists of prestellar cores and low-mass protostellar cores. We found a good agreement between the two tracers of ionized gas, with 23 common detections and only four cores detected at 3.3 cm and not in H30α. The spectral indexes from 3.3 cm to 1.3 mm range from 1, for the youngest cores with partially optically thick free-free emission, to about −0.1, which is for the optically thin free-free emission obtained for cores that are likely more evolved.
Conclusions. Using the H/UC HII regions as a reference, we found the statistical lifetimes of the HMC and massive protostellar phases in W49N to be about 6 × 104 yr and 1.4 × 105 yr, respectively. We also showed that HMCs can coexist with H/UC HII regions during a short fraction of the core lifetime, about 2 × 104 yr. This indicates a rapid dispersal of the inner molecule envelope once the HC HII is formed.
Magnetically driven relativistic jet in the high-redshift blazar OH 471
Authors: Guo S. , An T. , Liu Y. , Sotnikova Y. , Volvach A. , Mufakharov T. , Chen L. , Cui L. , Wang A. , Xu Z. , Zhang Y. , Xu W. , Kovalev Y. A. , Kovalev Y. Y. , Kharinov M. , Erkenov A. , Semenova T. , Volvach L. 
Published: April 2024

Context. Understanding the mechanisms that launch and shape powerful relativistic jets from supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in high-redshift active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is crucial for probing the co-evolution of SMBHs and galaxies over cosmic time.
Aims. We focus on the high-redshift (z = 3.396) blazar OH 471 to explore the jet launching mechanism in the early Universe.
Methods. Using multi-frequency radio monitoring observations and high-resolution Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) imaging over three decades, we studied the milliarcsecond structure and long-term variability of OH 471.
Results. Our spectral modeling of the radio flux densities revealed a synchrotron self-absorbed spectrum, indicating strong magnetic fields within the compact core. By applying the flux freezing approximation, we estimated the magnetic flux carried by the jet. We found that it reaches or exceeds theoretical predictions for jets powered by black hole spin energy via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. This implies that OH 471 is in a magnetically arrested disk (MAD) state, where the magnetic flux accumulated near the horizon regulates the accretion flow, allowing for an efficient extraction of black hole rotational energy.
Conclusions. Our study demonstrates the dominance of MAD accretion in powering the prominent radio flares and relativistic jets observed in the radio-loud AGN named OH 471. Statistical studies of larger samples of high-redshift AGNs will shed light on the role of MAD accretion in launching and accelerating the earliest relativistic jets.
Clinical Efficacy of Bisphosphonates in Treating Osteoporosis in
Diabetes Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Yuan-Xun , Jin Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study was to explore the clinical efficacy of bisphosphonates in
patients with osteoporosis in diabetes patients by meta-analysis. Six databases
were systematically searched from inception to January 30,2023. Studies
evaluating the treatment of diabetic osteoporosis with bisphosphonates were
included. Key outcome measures, such as bone mineral density (BMD), bone
metabolism markers, pain improvement, and safety assessments, were extracted and
analyzed. STATA MP V17.0 was used to calculate the combined effect size. After
searching Chinese and English databases, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria
of this study. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the BMD of patients
with osteoporosis in diabetes increased significantly after bisphosphonate
treatment, and the lumbar BMD increased by 0.08 g/cm² (95% CI: 0.05–0.11).
Femoral neck BMD increased by 0.06 g/cm² (95% CI: 0.01–0.11); Ward’s triangle
BMD increased 0.07 g/cm² (95% CI: 0.04–0.09); and trochanter BMD increased by
0.06 g/cm² (95% CI: 0.04–0.08). In addition, bone alkaline phosphatase increased
1.95 μg/l (95% CI: 1.18–2.72), while serum tartrate-resistant acid
phosphatase-5b decreased 1.28 U/l (95% CI: –1.81–0.75). Moreover, improvements
in pain were statistically significant. The effects of bisphosphonates on
osteocalcin (MD: –0.07; 95% CI: –1.12–1.25), serum calcium (MD: 0.01; 95% CI:
–0.03–0.04), serum phosphorus (MD: 0.04; 95% CI: –0.03–0.10) and medication
safety (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.29–2.37) were not statistically significant.
Bisphosphonates have a significant positive effect on bone mineral density and
bone metabolism in patients with osteoporosis in diabetes and have good
safety.