bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diene Dissolution of the Heavier Alkaline Earth Metals
Authors: Michel Olaf , Kaneko Hiroshi , Tsurugi Hayato , Yamamoto Koji , Törnroos Karl W. , Anwander Reiner , Mashima Kazushi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAlkaline and alkaline earth metals are efficiently activated in the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons (“potassium–naphthalene”, “magnesium–anthracene”) or (substituted) 1,3‐dienes to produce well‐defined organometallic complexes. In this study, mononuclear diene complexes of calcium, strontium, and barium have been synthesized by utilizing tailor‐made 1,3‐dienes. Complexes [M(2,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐ditolyl‐1,3‐butadiene)(thf)4] (M = Ca, Sr), [Ca(2,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐dinaphthyl‐1,3‐butadiene)(thf)4], and {Ba[2,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐bis(2,4‐dimethylphenyl)‐1,3‐butadiene](thf)4} were isolated and fully characterized including X‐ray structure analyses. Whereas the calcium– and strontium–dienes show an approximate metallacylo‐3‐pentene coordination, barium(II) as the largest nonradioactive metal(II) cation reveals metallacyclo‐2,4‐heptadiene bonding in the solid state. It is further shown that barium(II) can accommodate eight thf molecules as evidenced in the dicationic complex {[Ba(thf)8][B(C6F5)4]2}, obtained from the reaction of barium–diene with trityl borate.
Potentiometric and Voltammetric Study of 6‐Benzylaminopurine and Its Derivatives
Authors: Pilarova Iveta , Lubal Premysl , Trnkova Libuse 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe protonation‐deprotonation equilibrium of 6‐benzylaminopurine (6‐BAP) and its derivatives was studied by potentiometry and voltammetry. The effect of Cl‐ or OCH3‐group in position 2′, 3′ and 4′ of the benzene ring of 6‐BAP on both pKa values was investigated. To determine the enthalpy and entropy, the temperature dependence of pKa was employed. It was found that with increasing temperature the pKa decreased. In comparison with 6‐BAP the chloro‐ or methoxy‐ group resulted in pKa increase. The first pKa values were also determined by linear sweep (LSV) and elimination voltammetry with linear scan (EVLS). New approaches were shown not only for the determination of pKa from voltammetric titration curves but also for the evaluation of the reduction processes of benzylaminopurines.
Influence of Microwave‐Assisted Pechini Method on La0.80Sr0.20Ga0.83Mg0.17O3–δ Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Boldrini S. , Mortalò C. , Fasolin S. , Agresti F. , Doubova L. , Fabrizio M. , Barison S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWith the aim of investigating the microwave influence on the electrolyte material properties, La0.80Sr0.20Ga0.83Mg0.17O2.815 was prepared by both a conventional and a microwave‐assisted sol–gel Pechini method. With respect to the conventional Pechini method (hereafter SGP), the microwave assisted process (hereafter MWA‐SGP) guaranteed a faster procedure, reducing the time needed to remove the excess solvents to complete the polyesterification reaction from some days to a few hours. In fact, when a MWA‐SGP method was used, powders having higher phase purity were obtained. The sintering process at 1,450 °C of the powders prepared by both methods yielded pellets with similar density values (≥92% of theoretical). Nevertheless, only by microwave‐assisted process single‐phase products were obtained and no secondary phases such as tetragonal LaSrGaO4 and LaSrGa3O7 were detected. These by‐products have been demonstrated to be detrimental for conductivity. Indeed, pellets obtained by MWA‐SGP method showed oxygen ionic conductivity values higher (about 30–40%) than those checked for SGP samples, thus demonstrating the important role of the microwave process on reducing time and costs and on improving the electrolyte properties.
Flexural Strength and Viscosity of Glass Ceramic Sealants for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks
Authors: Malzbender J. , Zhao Y. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe structural integrity of the sealing material is critical for the reliability of solid oxide fuel cell stacks. In this respect failure and deformation are aspects which need to be assessed in particular for glass ceramic sealant materials. Bending tests were carried at room temperature and typical stack operation temperature for glass ceramic sealants with different crystallization levels. Elastic moduli, fracture stresses, and viscosity values are reported. In addition to sintered bars some bending testing were carried out for steel specimens that were head‐to‐head joined with the glass ceramics similar as in a stack application. The ceramic particle reinforced sealant material was screen printed onto the steel. The results reveal a decrease of the strength for the partially crystallized sealant at operation relevant temperatures that can be associated with the viscous deformation of the material.
Physicochemical studies on glycation‐induced structural changes in human IgG
Authors: Ahmad Saman , Moinuddin  , Khan Rizwan Hasan , Ali Asif 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGlycation of biomolecules leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Glycation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been implicated in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, human IgG was glycated with physiological concentration of glucose. The changes induced in IgG were analyzed by UV, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; thermal denaturation studies, native, and Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The ketoamine moieties and carbonyl content were also quantitated in glycated IgG. We report structural perturbations, increased carbonyl content, and ketoamine moieties in the glycated IgG. This may interfere with the normal function of IgG and may contribute to initiation of arthritic complications. AGEs damaged IgG may be used as a biomarker for early detection of RA and the associated secondary complications. © 2012 IUBMB Life, 2012
Measurement of paraben concentrations in human breast tissue at serial locations across the breast from axilla to sternum
Authors: Barr L. , Metaxas G. , Harbach C. A. J. , Savoy L. A. , Darbre P. D. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe concentrations of five esters of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) were measured using HPLC‐MS/MS at four serial locations across the human breast from axilla to sternum using human breast tissue collected from 40 mastectomies for primary breast cancer in England between 2005 and 2008. One or more paraben esters were quantifiable in 158/160 (99%) of the tissue samples and in 96/160 (60%) all five esters were measured. Variation was notable with respect to individual paraben esters, location within one breast and similar locations in different breasts. Overall median values in nanograms per gram tissue for the 160 tissue samples were highest for n‐propylparaben [16.8 (range 0–2052.7)] and methylparaben [16.6 (range 0–5102.9)]; levels were lower for n‐butylparaben [5.8 (range 0–95.4)], ethylparaben [3.4 (range 0–499.7)] and isobutylparaben 2.1 (range 0–802.9). The overall median value for total paraben was 85.5 ng g−1 tissue (range 0–5134.5). The source of the paraben cannot be identified, but paraben was measured in the 7/40 patients who reported never having used underarm cosmetics in their lifetime. No correlations were found between paraben concentrations and age of patient (37–91 years), length of breast feeding (0–23 months), tumour location or tumour oestrogen receptor content. In view of the disproportionate incidence of breast cancer in the upper outer quadrant, paraben concentrations were compared across the four regions of the breast: n‐propylparaben was found at significantly higher levels in the axilla than mid (P = 0.004 Wilcoxon matched pairs) or medial (P = 0.021 Wilcoxon matched pairs) regions (P = 0.010 Friedman ANOVA). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 negatively regulates osteoblastic differentiation induced by BMP2 via phosphorylation of Runx2 at Ser104
Authors: Huang Yi-Feng , Lin Jing-Jer , Lin Chao-Hsiung , Su Yeu , Hung Shih-Chieh 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Runx2 plays a crucial role in osteoblastic differentiation, which can be upregulated by bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (BMP2). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38, have been reported to be activated by BMP2 to increase Runx2 activity. The role of cjun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), the other kinase of MAPK, in osteoblastic differentiation has not been well elucidated. In this study, we first showed that JNK1 is activated by BMP2 in multipotent C2C12 and preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell lines. We then showed that early and late osteoblastic differentiation, represented by ALP expression and mineralization, respectively, are significantly enhanced by JNK1 loss-of-function, such as treatment of JNK inhibitor, knockdown of JNK1 and ectopic expression of a dominant negative JNK1 (DN-JNK1). Consistently, BMP2-induced osteoblastic differentiation is reduced by JNK1 gain-of-function, such as enforced expression of a constitutively active JNK1 (CA-JNK1). Most importantly, we showed that Runx2 is required for JNK1-mediated inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation, and identified Ser104 of Runx2 is the site phosphorylated by JNK1 upon BMP2 stimulation. Finally, we found that overexpression of the mutant Runx2 (Ser104Ala) stimulates osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 and MC3T3-E1 cells to the extent similar to that achieved by overexpression of wild-type (WT) Runx2 plus JNK inhibitor treatment. Taken together, these data indicate that JNK1 negatively regulates BMP2-induced osteoblastic differentiation through phosphorylation of Runx2 at Ser104. In addition, unraveling these mechanisms may help to develop new strategies in enhancing osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Recent performance improvements to the DFT and TDDFT in GAMESS
Authors: Lasinski Michael E. , Romero Nichols A. , Brown Shawn T. , Blaudeau Jean‐Philippe 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe general atomic and molecular electronic structure system (GAMESS) is a quantum chemistry package used in the first‐principles modeling of complex molecular systems using density functional theory (DFT) as well as a number of other post‐Hartree‐Fock methods. Both DFT and time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) are of particular interest to the materials modeling community. Millions of CPU hours per year are expended by GAMESS calculations on high‐performance computing systems; any substantial reduction in the time‐to‐solution for these calculations represents a significant saving in CPU hours. As part of this work, three areas for improvement were identified: (1) the exchange‐correlation (XC) integration grid, (2) profiling and optimization of the DFT code, and (3) TDDFT parallelization. We summarize the work performed in these task areas and present the resulting performance improvement. These software enhancements are available in 12JAN2009R3 or later versions of GAMESS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2012
Assessment of solid retention time of a temperature phased anaerobic digestion system on performance and final sludge characteristics
Authors: Riau V. , De la Rubia M.A. , Pérez M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: This paper describes the results obtained during the thermophilic/mesophilic temperature phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) of sewage sludge on a pilot scale. The aim of this research study was not only to optimize the anaerobic digestion process, but also to obtain a digested sludge suitable for agricultural applications according to the legal requirements.RESULTS: Four TPAD assays were carried out: 5/15, 3/15, 3/12 and 3/9 (days/days of solid retention time) with a specific methane production (expressed as LCH4 g−1 VSdestroyed) of 0.77, 0.83, 0.66 and 0.20, respectively. TPAD 3/15 and 3/12 reached pathogen concentrations of less than 1000 MPN g−1 TS (faecal colifoms) and 3 MPN per 4 g TS (Salmonella spp.); therefore, these digested sludges can be considered Class A biosolids, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency. Concentrations of heavy metals rose after the anaerobic digestion of mixed sludge, but the final values were always below the limits required by legal regulations.CONCLUSION: TPAD 3/15 is the best option in terms of organic matter removal, CH4 generation, and process stability. TPAD 3/12 obtained the best final dewaterability and pathogen reduction and in general, showed much better results than those obtained by anaerobic mesophilic control (15 days of SRT). Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
H2S biofiltration using expanded schist as packing material: performance evaluation and packed‐bed tortuosity assessment
Authors: Dumont E. , Ayala Guzman L. M. , Rodríguez Susa M. S. , Andrès Y. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to test an innovative packing material (expanded schist) for H2S biofiltration in order to determine the packing material performance in terms of elimination capacity, removal efficiency and pressure drop changes. Additionally, the changes over time of bed characteristics, especially tortuosity, were evaluated according to porosity measurements.RESULTS: Schist material can treat large loading rates (up to 30 g.m−3.h−1) with 100% efficiency at an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 16 s, which is much better than most results reported in the literature. The porosity of the packed bed is around 40% (tortuosity estimated to range from 1.5 to 2.0) which leads to pressure drop measurements in the range of 10–80 Pa m−1.CONCLUSION: Schist is a good material for H2S biofiltration in terms of mechanical stability, removal efficiency and effective treatment of high H2S loading rates. Schist is a material that provides the appropriate environment for micro‐organisms by itself. This trend should be confirmed over a long period. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Study on a carboxyl‐activated carrier and its properties for papain immobilization
Authors: Sun Liwei , Liang Hao , Yuan Qipeng , Wang Tianxin , Zhang Hongchao 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Most enzymes, including protease, play a key role in biotechnology, but their use is quite limited due to poor recovery, limited reusability and instability. Immobilized enzymes offer advantages over free enzymes. This paper reports a simple method for the preparation of immobilized papain, an endolytic cysteine protease (EC: 3.4.22.2), on carboxyl‐activated silica nanoparticles.RESULTS: The carboxyl‐activated carriers produced reactive carboxyl groups which then react with the free amino groups of enzyme to give peptide bonds (CONH). The results showed that the thermal and pH stabilities of the immobilized papain were higher than those of free enzyme. And the apparent Km value of the immobilized papain was 1.26 times higher than that of free enzyme. Moreover, the immobilized papain retained more than 45% of the original activity after ten reuses continuously.CONCLUSION: The results indicated that papain was successfully immobilized on the surface of the activated carriers. The immobilized papain had not only higher activity recovery, but also better stability, reusability and environmental adaptability. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficient synthesis of pyrimido[5,4‐c]pyridazines and of thiino[2,3‐d]pyrimidines based on an aza‐wittig reaction/heterocyclization strategy
Authors: Barsy Magda A. , El Rady Eman A. , Ismael Mostafa A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA simple one‐pot and efficient method is described for the synthesis of pyrimido[5,4‐c]pyridazines 5 and of thiino[2,3‐d] pyrimidines 15 by a domino process involving an aza‐Wittig reaction/heterocyclization. The iminophosphorane 2 reacted with phenylisocyanate, followed by heterocyclization on addition of amines to give the corresponding guanidine intermediates 4. The guanidine intermediates were cyclized in the presence of catalytic amount of sodium ethoxide to pyrimido[5,4‐c]pyridazines 5. Similarly, iminophosphorane 12 reacted with phenylisocyanate and amines to give thiino[2,3‐d]pyrimidines 15 in moderate yields. Furthermore, pyridazino[4,3‐d]oxazines 10 and thiino[2,3‐d]oxazines 19 were synthesized by the intremolecular aza‐Wittig reaction of phosphazenes 2 and 12, respectively, with acid chlorides followed by heterocylization via imidoyl chloride intermediates. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
Evaluation of lymph node metastases: Comparison of gadofluorine M‐enhanced MRI and diffusion‐weighted MRI in a rabbit VX2 rectal cancer model
Authors: Kim Seung Ho , Lee Jeong Min , Moon Sung Kyoung , Chung Yong Eun , Paik Jin Ho , Choi Seung Hong , Kim Min Uk , Han Joon Koo , Choi Byung Ihn 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPurpose:To compare the diagnostic performance of a diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) dataset and a gadofluorine M‐enhanced imaging dataset for identifying lymph node (LN) metastases in a rabbit rectal cancer model.Materials and Methods:VX2 carcinomas were injected into the rectum of 26 rabbits. Four weeks later, T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), pre‐T1WI, DWI, and post‐T1WI were performed. Two radiologists independently reviewed the DWI set (T2WI, pre‐T1WI, DWI) and the gadofluorine M set (T2WI, pre‐ and post‐T1WI) and recorded their confidence scores for LN metastasis on a per‐LN basis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to compare the area under the ROC curve (Az) of the two imaging sets. Histopathologic results were used as the reference standard.Results:The Az and sensitivity of the gadofluorine M set were comparable to those of the DWI set (Az, for reader 1, 0.849, 0.829, P = 0.571; for reader 2, 0.923, 0.876, P = 0.212; sensitivity, for reader 1, 97%, 97%; for reader 2, 97%, 92%, P = 0.304). The specificity of the former was greater than that of the latter (for reader 1, 65%, 53%, P = 0.0003; for reader 2, 81%, 68%, P = 0.01).Conclusion:Gadofluorine M‐enhanced images provided greater specificity than DWI for identifying LN metastases, whereas the Az and sensitivity of the former were comparable to those of the latter. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1179‐1186. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection and classification of contrast‐enhancing masses by a fully automatic computer‐assisted diagnosis system for breast MRI
Authors: Renz Diane M. , Böttcher Joachim , Diekmann Felix , Poellinger Alexander , Maurer Martin H. , Pfeil Alexander , Streitparth Florian , Collettini Federico , Bick Ulrich , Hamm Bernd , Fallenberg Eva M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate a fully automatic computer‐assisted diagnosis (CAD) method for breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which considered dynamic as well as morphologic parameters and linked those to descriptions laid down in the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) MRI atlas.Materials and Methods:MR images of 108 patients with 141 histologically proven mass‐like lesions (88 malignant, 53 benign) were included. The CAD system automatically performed the following processing steps: 3D nonrigid motion correction, detection of lesions by a segmentation algorithm, extraction of multiple dynamic and morphologic parameters, and classification of lesions. As one final result, the lesions were categorized by defining their probability of malignancy; this so‐called morpho‐dynamic index (MDI) ranged from 0%–100%. The results of the CAD system were correlated with histopathologic findings.Results:The CAD system had a high detection rate of the histologically proven lesions, missing only two malignancies of invasive multifocal carcinomas and four benign lesions (three fibroadenomas, one atypical ductal hyperplasia). The 86 detected malignant lesions showed a mean MDI of 86.1% (±15.4%); the mean MDI of the 49 coded benign lesions was 41.8% (±22.0%; P < 0.001). Based on receiver‐operating characteristic analysis, the diagnostic accuracy of the CAD system was 93.5%. Using an appropriate cutoff value (MDI 50%), sensitivity was 96.5% combined with specificity of 75.5%.Conclusion:The fully automatic CAD technique seems to reliably distinguish between benign and malignant mass‐like breast tumors. Observer‐independent CAD may be a promising additional tool for the interpretation of breast MRI in the clinical routine. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1077‐1088. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Viral load and epidemiological profile of patients infected by pandemic influenza a (H1N1) 2009 and seasonal influenza a virus in Southern Brazil
Authors: Gorini da Veiga Ana Beatriz , Kretzmann Nélson Alexandre , Corrêa Laura Trevizan , Goshiyama Alessandra Mari , Baccin Tatiana , Ardenghi Patrícia , Matias Fernanda , Gregianini Tatiana Schaffer , Alves d'Azevedo Pedro 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCorrelation between virologic profile and clinical features of patients infected by influenza virus provides important information for epidemiological control and clinical management of future disease outbreaks. Samples from patients in Southern Brazil, from June to December 2009, were examined and the viral load was correlated with epidemiological data. All samples were analyzed by qRT‐PCR for detection of the 2009‐pandemic Influenza A (H1N1). Relative viral loads were assessed based on the 2−ΔCT method and epidemiological data were obtained for each patient, following ethical policies. A total of 933 samples were positive for pH1N1 (2009) influenza; 172 were positive for seasonal influenza A; 13 were undetermined; 1992 samples were negative for influenza A. Combined molecular and epidemiological data were available for 38 seasonal and 198 pandemic samples. The median viral load was higher in pandemic than in seasonal influenza samples; in patients infected with pH1N1 (2009), viral load associated positively with chills, myalgia and rhinorrhea, and negatively with dyspnea, but no association was observed with other symptoms, nor with clinical conditions such as pregnancy, smoking, immunodepression and co‐morbidities. Regarding patients infected with seasonal influenza, viral loads did not show statistically significant association with any of the symptoms. This is the first study in Brazil that examines epidemiological and molecular data from the 2009 influenza pandemic. The results may serve as a basis for developing strategies to control human‐to‐human infection and viral dissemination, and for implementing effective measures and public health policies against future novel disease outbreaks. J. Med. Virol. 84:371–379, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Case report: Increased viral receptor expression associated with high viral load and severe pneumonia in a young patient infected with 2009 H1N1 influenza a with no pre‐existing conditions
Authors: Boonarkart Chompunuch , Champunot Ratapum , Uiprasertkul Mongkol , Bunthi Charatdao , Kiatboobsri Sumalee , Rochanawutanon Mana , Porncharoenpong Suchat , Suptawiwat Ornpreya , Auewarakul Prasert 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA case of unusually high severity of influenza pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death was investigated. This was a previously a healthy 28‐year‐old man with no underlying conditions, admitted to a hospital during the first wave of influenza pandemic in Thailand in July 2009. He had experienced high fever and influenza‐like illness for 5 days before coming to the hospital. He developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and expired on day 7 after admission. In comparison to three other cases of influenza pneumonia in the same outbreak with known risk factors for severe influenza, such as pregnancy and diabetes mellitus, a much higher viral load was detected in the lungs of this patient despite antiviral treatment. In agreement with the high viral load, the lung specimens from this patient, but not the other three patients, showed a high expression of α‐2,6‐linked sialic acid by lectin staining. The gene responsible for the synthesis of this sialic acid was also found to be upregulated. The data indicated overexpression of the viral receptor as a potential mechanism for severe disease in some patients. J. Med. Virol. 84:380–385, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.