bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiologic profile of endodontic infections from HIV− and HIV+ patients using Multiple‐Displacement Amplification and Checkerboard DNA‐DNA Hybridization
Authors: Brito LCN , Sobrinho AP Ribeiro , Teles RP , Socransky SS , Haffajee AD , Vieira LQ , Teles FRF 
Published: January 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 558–567Objective:  To compare the microbiota of endodontic infections in necrotic pulp from HIV‐negative and HIV‐positive subjects.Materials and Methods:  Root canal samples from necrotic pulp were collected from 40 HIV− and 20 HIV+ subjects. Pulps were amplified using multiple displacement amplification (MDA). Then, checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization was employed to assess the levels of 107 microbial taxa. The percentage of DNA probe count and the percentage of teeth colonized by each test species were investigated. Significant differences between groups regarding proportions of taxa and prevalence of the test species were sought using the Mann–Whitney test and the Chi‐square analysis, respectively.Results:  The most prevalent taxa detected were Dialister pneumosintes, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Streptococcus sobrinus, Corynebacterium diphteriae, and Helicobacter pylori among HIV‐ subjects and D. pneumosintes, Prevotella tannerae, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Parvimonas micra, Prevotella nigrescens, and Corynebacterium diphtheriae among HIV+ individuals. D. pneumosintes, C. diphtheria, and C. albicans were the most abundant species in the HIV‐ group, whereas the predominant taxa in HIV+ samples were P. tannerae, D. pneumosintes and Olsenella uli. P. tannerae, O. uli, Veilonella dispar, Bacteroides fragilis, and Actinomyces meyeri were significantly more abundant in HIV+ samples.Conclusions:  There were significant differences in the prevalence and proportions of specific microbial taxa between HIV− and HIV+ individuals. The root canal microbiota may represent a reservoir of important oral and medical pathogens, mainly in HIV+ individuals.
Towards a more transparent use of the potential natural vegetation concept – an answer to Chiarucci et al.
Authors: Somodi Imelda , Molnár Zsolt , Ewald Jörg 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this paper, the concerns of Chiarucci et al. () regarding use of the potential natural vegetation (PNV) concept are addressed, as voiced in the forum section of theJournal of Vegetation Science. First, we rectify some unfounded expectations concerningPNV, including a relationship with prehuman vegetation and phytosociology. Second, we point out issues that pose considerable challenges inPNVand require common agreement. Here, we address the issue of time and disturbance. We propose to use the staticPNVconcept as a baseline, a null model for landscape assessment and in comparisons. Instead of changing thePNVconcept itself, we introduce a new term, potential future natural vegetation (PFV) to cover estimations of potential successional outcomes. Finally, we offer a new view ofPNVwith which we intend to make the use ofPNVestimates more transparent. We formalize thePNVtheory into a partial cause‐effect model of vegetation that clearly states which effects on vegetation are factored out during its estimation. Further, we also propose to assessPNVin a probabilistic setting, rather than providing a single estimate for one location. This multiplePNVwould reflect our uncertainty about the vegetation entity that could persist at the locality concerned. Such uncertainty arises from the overlap of environmental preferences of different mature vegetation types. Thus reformulated, we argue that thePNVconcept has much to offer as a null model, especially in landscape ecology and in site comparisons in space and time.
Associations of instrumental activities of daily living and handgrip strength with oral self‐care among home‐dwelling elderly 75+
Authors: Komulainen Kaija , Ylöstalo Pekka , Syrjälä Anna‐Maija , Ruoppi Piia , Knuuttila Matti , Sulkava Raimo , Hartikainen Sirpa 
Published: January 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00427.xAssociations of instrumental activities of daily living and handgrip strength with oral self‐care among home‐dwelling elderly 75+Objective:  To study the associations of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and the handgrip strength with oral self‐care among dentate home‐dwelling elderly people in Finland.Materials and methods:  The study analysed data for 168 dentate participants (mean age 80.6 years) in the population‐based Geriatric Multidisciplinary Strategy for Good Care of the Elderly (GeMS) study. Each participant received a clinical oral examination and structured interview in 2004–2005. Functional status was assessed using the IADL scale and handgrip strength was measured using handheld dynamometry.Results:  Study participants with high IADL (scores 7–8) had odds ratios (ORs) for brushing their teeth at least twice a day of 2.7 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.1–6.8], for using toothpaste at least twice a day of 2.0 (CI 0.8–5.2) and for having good oral hygiene of 2.8 (CI 1.0–8.3) when compared with participants with low IADL (scores ≤6). Participants in the upper tertiles of the handgrip strength had ORs for brushing the teeth at least twice a day of 0.9 (CI 0.4–1.9), for using the toothpaste at least twice a day of 0.9 (CI 0.4–1.8) and for good oral hygiene of 1.1 (CI 0.5–2.4) in comparison with the study subjects in the lowest tertile of handgrip strength.Conclusion:  The results of this study suggest that the functional status, measured by means of the IADL scale, but not handgrip strength, is an important determinant of oral self‐care among the home‐dwelling elderly.
Capecitabine and weekly paclitaxel as first‐line therapy in Thai patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: CHITAPANARUX Imjai , KAMNERDSUPAPHON Pimkhuan , THARAVICHITKUL Ekasit , LORVIDHAYA Vicharn , TRAKULTIVAKORN Hongsin , SRISUKHO Songpol , SOMWANGPRASERT Areewan , WATCHARACHAN Kirati , SUKTHOMYA Vimol 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim:  The combination of a taxane and capecitabine offers synergistic antitumor activity. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and tolerability of a paclitaxel and capecitabine combination in Thai patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) not previously treated for metastatic disease.Methods:  This open‐label, single‐center, non‐comparative phase II study was conducted between December 2006 and March 2009. In all 40 MBC patients were treated with oral capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1 to 14, and weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 in a 3‐week cycle for a total of six cycles.Results:  After a median follow up of 13.4 months, an overall objective response rate of 80%, with a partial response of 74% and a complete response of 5% were achieved. While 8% of patients achieved stable disease, 13% had progressive disease. Median time to progress was 8 months and median overall survival was 24.4 months. One patient discontinued because of hypersensitivity to paclitaxel. There was no grade 4 toxicity. Skin and nail toxicity was found in 75% of patients (with 25% in grade 2 or 3), followed by neutropenia (45% in all with 15% in grades 2 or 3), neuropathy (25% in total with 5% in grade 2) and stomatitis and diarrhea (in both of which 5% experienced grade 1 severity).Conclusion:  A first‐line regimen of weekly paclitaxel plus capecitabine is effective and tolerable in Thai MBC patients.
Electrical Properties of Pb0.92La0.08Zr0.52Ti0.48O3 Thin Films Grown on SrRuO3 Buffered Nickel and Silicon Substrates by Chemical Solution Deposition
Authors: Narayanan Manoj , Ma Beihai , Tong Sheng , Koritala Rachel , Balachandran Uthamalingam 
Published: January 2012

Ferroelectric film‐on‐foil capacitors are suitable to replace discrete passive components in the quest to develop electronic devices that show superior performance and are smaller in size. The film‐on‐foil approach is the most practical method to fabricate such components. Films of Pb0.92La0.08Zr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PLZT) were deposited on SrRuO3 (SRO) buffer films over nickel and silicon substrates. High‐quality polycrystalline SRO thin‐film electrodes were first deposited by chemical solution deposition. A phase pure, dense, uniform microstructure with grain size <100 nm was obtained in films crystallized at 700°C. The room‐temperature resistivity of the SRO films crystallized at 700°C was ~800–900 μΩ‐cm. The dielectric properties of sol–gel derived PLZT capacitors on SRO‐buffered nickel were evaluated as a function of temperature, bias field, and frequency, and the results were compared to those of the same films on silicon substrates. The comparison demonstrated the integrity of the buffer layer and its compatibility with nickel substrates. Device‐quality dielectric properties were measured on PLZT films deposited on SRO‐buffered nickel foils and found to be superior to those for PLZT on SRO‐buffered silicon and expensive platinized silicon. These results suggest that SRO films can act as an effective barrier layer on nickel substrates suitable for embedded capacitor applications.
Group cognitive behavioural therapy for first episode psychosis: who's referred, who attends and who completes it?
Authors: Fanning Felicity , Foley Sharon , Lawlor Elizabeth , McWilliams Stephen , Jackson Deirdre , Renwick Laoise , Sutton Marie , Turner Niall , Kinsella Anthony , Trimble Timothy , O'Callaghan Eadbhard 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim: Most national guidelines recommend psychological therapy for people with first‐episode psychosis (FEP) but interventions proven effective in randomized control trials (RCTs) conducted in research settings do not always translate effectively to real‐world clinical environments. In a limited health system, it is important to understand the system and patient barriers to participation in effective treatment. We sought to determine what patient characteristics influenced clinicians' decision to refer or not to refer to group cognitive behavioural therapy for FEP and what characteristics were associated with those referred attending/not attending and adhering/not adhering to the programme.Methods: Between 2006 and 2008, all cases of confirmed FEP from a defined geographical region were examined using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV‐TR Axis I Disorders for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) diagnoses, the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms, Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and Birchwood Insight Scale. Duration of untreated psychosis was established using the Beiser Scale.Results: Of the 124 (77 males, 47 females) people in the final sample, 88 (72%) were referred for cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), 52 (59%) attended and 12 (23%) did not complete CBT. Those with higher levels of insight into the need for treatment (U = 740.00, z = −2.63, P = 0.008) and higher levels of positive symptoms (t (120) = −3.064, P = 0.003) were more likely to be referred to CBT. Those with higher educational attainment (χ2 = 9.48, P = 0.03) and fewer negative symptoms, particularly in relation to global attention (t (85) = 2.32, P = 0.03), were more likely to attend and complete CBT.Conclusion: Within an early intervention service for FEP, it appears that individuals with less education, more negative symptoms and less insight experienced significant barriers to successfully completing group CBT. More information for referring clinicians about the benefits of CBT for FEP could help increase referral rates. Assertive outreach for people at risk of disengaging or non‐adherence should also be considered.
Reversible and pH-dependent weak drug-excipient binding does not affect oral bioavailability of high dose drugs
Authors: Narang Ajit S , Yamniuk Aaron P , Zhang Limin , Comezoglu S Nilgun , Bindra Dilbir S , Varia Sailesh , Doyle Michael L , Badawy Sherif 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Drug-excipient binding can affect in-vitro drug release. Literature suggests that drug-excipient ionic binding interaction that is not disrupted by physiological salt concentration in the dissolution medium can impact a drug's oral bioavailability. We investigated whether nondisruption of interaction by physiological salt concentration was an adequate predictor of its biorelevance using the binding of a model amine high dose drug brivanib alaninate (BA) to croscarmellose sodium (CCS) as an example.

Methods
BA was formulated into an immediate release tablet using CCS as disintegrant by a wet granulation process. In-vitro drug release was carried out as a function of pH and buffer concentration of the medium. BA-CCS binding was studied in buffer solution and data fitted to a Langmuir isotherm. A simulation model and an isothermal titration calorimetry method were developed to assess the bioavailability risk and strength of drug-excipient binding interaction, independent of physiological salt concentration consideration.

Key findings
BA-CCS binding was pH-dependent, reversible, ionic, and not disrupted by increasing the buffer concentration in the dissolution medium. Absorption simulation predictions of no effect of CCS binding on BA's bioavailability were confirmed by a monkey pharmacokinetic study.

Conclusions
A pH-dependent and reversible weak drug-excipient binding interaction is unlikely to affect the oral bioavailability of high dose drugs.
Accuracy of LightCycler® SeptiFastfor the detection and identification of pathogens in the blood of patients with suspected sepsis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Dark Paul , Wilson Claire , Blackwood Bronagh , McAuley Danny F , Perkins Gavin D , McMullan Ronan , Gates Simon , Warhurst Geoffrey 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundThere is growing interest in the potential utility of molecular diagnostics in improving the detection of life-threatening infection (sepsis). LightCycler® SeptiFastis a multipathogen probe-based real-time PCR system targeting DNA sequences of bacteria and fungi present in blood samples within a few hours. We report here the protocol of the first systematic review of published clinical diagnostic accuracy studies of this technology when compared with blood culture in the setting of suspected sepsis.Methods/designData sources: the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), the Health Technology Assessment Database (HTA), the NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHSEED), The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, BIOSIS Previews, MEDION and the Aggressive Research Intelligence Facility Database (ARIF). Study selection: diagnostic accuracy studies that compare the real-time PCR technology with standard culture results performed on a patient's blood sample during the management of sepsis. Data extraction: three reviewers, working independently, will determine the level of evidence, methodological quality and a standard data set relating to demographics and diagnostic accuracy metrics for each study. Statistical analysis/data synthesis: heterogeneity of studies will be investigated using a coupled forest plot of sensitivity and specificity and a scatter plot in Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) space. Bivariate model method will be used to estimate summary sensitivity and specificity. The authors will investigate reporting biases using funnel plots based on effective sample size and regression tests of asymmetry. Subgroup analyses are planned for adults, children and infection setting (hospital vs community) if sufficient data are uncovered.DisseminationRecommendations will be made to the Department of Health (as part of an open-access HTA report) as to whether the real-time PCR technology has sufficient clinical diagnostic accuracy potential to move forward to efficacy testing during the provision of routine clinical care.RegistrationPROSPERO—NIHR Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42011001289).
B Effector Cells Activated by a Chimeric Protein Consisting of IL-2 and the Ectodomain of TGF-β Receptor II Induce Potent Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Penafuerte Claudia , Ng Spencer , Bautista-Lopez Norma , Birman Elena , Forner Kathy , Galipeau Jacques 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe have previously shown that interleukin (IL)-2 receptor–expressing lymphoid cells stimulated with a chimeric protein linking IL-2 to the ectodomain of TGF-β receptor II (also known as FIST) become resistant to TGF-β–mediated suppression and produce significant amounts of proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we have characterized the antigen presentation properties of FIST-stimulated B cells (hereafter inducible B effector cells, iBEC). FIST converts naïve splenic B cells to B effector cells characterized by potent antigen presentation properties and production of TNFα and IFNγ. iBECs display hyperphosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5 downstream of the IL-2 receptor and upregulation of T-bet expression. iBECs maintain B-cell identity based on the expression of PAX5 and CD19 and overexpress Smad7, which confers resistance to TGF-β–mediated suppression of B-cell activation. iBEC antitumor immunity was determined by a mouse model of lymphoma-expressing ovalbumin (E.G7-OVA) as a specific tumor antigen. OVA-pulsed iBECs function as antigen-presenting cells (APC) in vitro by inducing the activation of OVA-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively, and in vivo by conferring complete protective immunity against E.G7-OVA tumor challenge. In addition, OVA-pulsed iBECs promote tumor regression in immunocompetent C57Bl/6 mice bearing E.G7-OVA tumors. In conclusion, iBECs represent an entirely novel B cell–derived APC for immune therapy of cancer. Cancer Res; 72(5); 1210–20. ©2012 AACR.
Copy Number Losses Define Subgroups of Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma with Poor Prognosis and Genomic Instability
Authors: Crago Aimee M. , Socci Nicholas D. , DeCarolis Penelope , O'Connor Rachael , Taylor Barry S. , Qin Li-Xuan , Antonescu Cristina R. , Singer Samuel 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Molecular events underlying progression of well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) to dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) are poorly defined. This study sought to identify copy number alterations (CNA) associated with dedifferentiation of WDLS, with DDLS morphology, and with patient outcomes.
Experimental Design: Fifty-five WDLS and 52 DDLS were analyzed using Agilent 244K comparative genomic hybridization and Affymetrix U133A expression arrays. CNAs were identified by RAE analysis. Thirty-nine of the DDLS specimens were categorized morphologically by a single pathologist.
Results: Nine regions of CNA were identified as recurrent in DDLS but not WDLS; 79% of DDLS had at least one of these CNAs. Loss of the chromosome segment 11q23–24, the most common event, was observed only in DDLS that morphologically resembled the genomically complex sarcomas, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and myxofibrosarcoma. 11q23–24 loss was itself associated with increased genomic complexity in DDLS. Loss of 19q13, but not 11q23–24, was associated with poor prognosis. Median disease-specific survival was shorter for patients with19q13 loss (27 months) than for patients with diploid 19q13 (&gt;90 months; P &lt; 0.0025), and 19q13 loss was associated with local recurrence (HR, 2.86; P = 0.013). Common copy number losses were associated with transcriptional downregulation of potential tumor suppressors and adipogenesis-related genes (e.g., EI24 and CEBPA).
Conclusions: Dedifferentiation of WDLS is associated with recurrent CNAs in 79% of tumors. In DDLS, loss of 11q23–24 is associated with genomic complexity and distinct morphology whereas loss of 19q13 predicts poor prognosis. CNAs in liposarcoma improve risk stratification for patients and will help identify potential tumor suppressors driving liposarcoma progression. Clin Cancer Res; 18(5); 1334–40. ©2012 AACR.
The Novel Oral Hsp90 Inhibitor NVP-HSP990 Exhibits Potent and Broad-spectrum Antitumor ActivitiesIn VitroandIn Vivo
Authors: Menezes Daniel L. , Taverna Pietro , Jensen Michael R. , Abrams Tinya , Stuart Darrin , Yu Guoying Karen , Duhl David , Machajewski Timothy , Sellers William R. , Pryer Nancy K. , Gao Zhenhai 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel oral Hsp90 inhibitor, NVP-HSP990, has been developed and characterized in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, NVP-HSP990 exhibits single digit nanomolar IC50 values on three of the Hsp90 isoforms (Hsp90α, Hsp90β, and GRP94) and 320 nanomolar IC50 value on the fourth (TRAP-1), with selectivity against unrelated enzymes, receptors, and kinases. In c-Met amplified GTL-16 gastric tumor cells, NVP-HSP990 dissociated the Hsp90-p23 complex, depleted client protein c-Met, and induced Hsp70. NVP-HSP990 potently inhibited the growth of human cell lines and primary patient samples from a variety of tumor types. In vivo, NVP-HSP990 exhibits drug-like pharmaceutical and pharmacologic properties with high oral bioavailability. In the GTL-16 xenograft model, a single oral administration of 15 mg/kg of NVP-HSP990 induced sustained downregulation of c-Met and upregulation of Hsp70. In repeat dosing studies, NVP-HSP990 treatment resulted in tumor growth inhibition of GTL-16 and other human tumor xenograft models driven by well-defined oncogenic Hsp90 client proteins. On the basis of its pharmacologic profile and broad-spectrum antitumor activities, clinical trials have been initiated to evaluate NVP-HSP990 in advanced solid tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(3); 730–9. ©2012 AACR.
Deletion or Epigenetic Silencing of AJAP1 on 1p36 in Glioblastoma
Authors: Lin Ningjing , Di Chunhui , Bortoff Kathy , Fu Jinrong , Truszkowski Peter , Killela Patrick , Duncan Chris , McLendon Roger , Bigner Darell , Gregory Simon , Adamson David Cory 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Glioblastoma is universally fatal because of its propensity for rapid recurrence due to highly migratory tumor cells. Unraveling the genomic complexity that underlies this migratory characteristic could provide therapeutic targets that would greatly complement current surgical therapy. Using multiple high-resolution genomic screening methods, we identified a single locus, adherens junctional associated protein 1 (AJAP1) on chromosome 1p36 that is lost or epigenetically silenced in many glioblastomas. We found AJAP1 expression absent or reduced in 86% and 100% of primary glioblastoma tumors and cell lines, respectively, and the loss of expression correlates with AJAP1 methylation. Restoration of AJAP1 gene expression by transfection or demethylation agents results in decreased tumor cell migration in glioblastoma cell lines. This work shows the significant loss of expression of AJAP1 in glioblastoma and provides evidence of its role in the highly migratory characteristic of these tumors. Mol Cancer Res; 10(2); 208–17. ©2012 AACR.