bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hidden Gaze of the Other in Michael Haneke’s Hidden
Authors: Dobrogoszcz Tomasz 
Published: November 2011

In his 2005 French production Hidden (Caché), Michael Haneke continues disturbing his audience with poignant and stirring images. When Georges and Anne Laurent keep finding on their doorstep videotapes showing the exterior of their house filmed with a hidden camera, they do not realize that trying to trace the identity of the photographer will lead Georges back to his deeply concealed childhood atrocity and gravely affect their present life. With Hidden, Haneke presents a provocative case of Freudian return of the repressed and probes the uncertain grounding and pretentiousness of French national self-importance.
The article attempts an analysis of Hidden from two interconnected perspectives, provided by the use of the Lacanian category of the gaze in relation to film studies and by the application of certain categories derived from post-colonial theory (voiced here by Homi Bhabha). The discussion ventures to demonstrate that the camera-eye "hidden" in its impossible position can be interpreted as a gaze imagined by Georges in the field of the Other. The voyeuristic act of filming also suggests the question of colonial surveillance, which relates to the racial issue underlying the conflict repressed by Georges. Haneke investigates the way in which the symbolic power bestowed on the authority of the French state facilitates discrimination. Georges, a model representative of the civil/civilized society, is shown as rent by primal fears of imaginary savage "terror," desperately trying to fortify his dominion against Algerian aggressors who are otherwise a necessary part of the structure.
Dichotomous Images in McEwan’s Saturday: In Pursuit of Objective Balance
Authors: Kosmalska Joanna 
Published: November 2011

Saturday sets out to depict the contemporary world with its ambiguities and paradox. In the novel, like in a mirror painting, every event, character and conflict is highlighted from diverse, often contradictory, angles by the narrator's extensive commentary, flashback and reference to other books. The prevailing happiness of mass protests against the war on Iraq is countered by the recollection of mass graves, an element of Saddam's callous regime, the real terrorist threat is contrasted with national paranoia, and the Prime Minister's performance of truthfulness is scrutinized by means of Paul Ekman's study of micro-expressions.
The technique of dualistic depiction is further used in order to describe the characters. Reworking the idea of two sides of the same coin, McEwan offers the novel as a metaphorical study of the intricacies of human personality. Therefore, Baxter becomes simultaneously an offender and a victim, John Grammaticus turns from a successful poet into an alcoholic womanizer, and Lilian Perowne's physical and mental disintegration is contrasted with her past as a champion swimmer.
McEwan's dichotomous description of the world echoes Barthes's binaries, not only in the duality itself, but also in the fact that the juxtaposition of contradictory images constitutes a more complete depiction of an event or a person. The contrast between the opposing ideas is further accentuated by the use of different jargons: the language of medicine, media, upper-class, working-class, and the like. The use of language throughout the novel seems to repeat the notion that by means of jargons people control and exclude others, highlighting their authority and constructing their position of supremacy.
Saturday, which captures acutely the events of a single day in the life of a renowned neurosurgeon, Henry Perowne, presents issues, such as the terrorist threat or the creation of media reality, that appear international in consciousness. The essay illustrates how, with admirable artistry, McEwan incorporates meaningful images, visually complex descriptions and different kinds of language into a diary account, for readers to enjoy a more objective comment on the contemporary world.
Être mère « en dehors » du temps : un cas de schizophrénie
Authors: Lippi Silvia 
Published: November 2011

Nous analyserons le désir d’être mère chez une patiente schizophrène. Nous verrons de quelle manière et à quelles conditions, le désir du psychotique se structure : une « autre » temporalité est implicite dans le maniement du transfert. Lorsqu’un délire ou une suppléance ne peuvent pas se mettre en place, c’est le spéculaire, à distinguer de la capture imaginaire, qui peut compenser l’absence d’ancrage symbolique dans la psychose.
Le bouclier de Persée et la psychose
Authors: Gamova Anastassia 
Published: November 2011

L’exposé présente la conception originale de la psychose de Francis Pasche d’après son article « Le bouclier de Persée ou psychose et réalité » et essaie d’éclaircir les références de Pasche aux textes de Freud. Pour Pasche, le bouclier de Persée représente le système perception-conscience. Le psychotique sera celui qui manque cette capacité de percevoir et qui est envahi par la réalité comme les victimes de la Méduse sont envahies et pétrifiées.
3 - Gender Division of Labour and Women’s Decision-Making Power in Rural Households in Cameroon
Authors: Sikod Fondo 
Published: November 2011

In most rural areas of Cameroon, women are incorporating a market-oriented dimension to their farming activities. This is an improvement from years before when food crop farming was almost exclusively for household consumption. This additional focus on food crop farming is mainly as a result of the need to supplement household incomes following the drop in salaries which came as a result of the economic crisis Cameroon and many African countries have been facing since the 1980s. Nominal incomes for salary earners in Cameroon, mostly men, were slashed by over 60 per cent in the early 1990s (Tchoungui et al., 1995). The agricultural sector was not spared either. Most of Cameroon’s foreign earn- ings come from agricultural commodities – cocoa, coffee, cotton, whose produc- tion is largely in small-holdings owned mostly by men. In the 1980s, world prices for these commodities collapsed, and of course, the incomes of the small-hold- ers dropped drastically. The burden of making up for this shortfall within house- holds was placed on the backs of women. Considering that decision-making seems to be based on, among other factors, economic power, income earnings is likely to confer a certain degree of decision-making power on women (Ngome 2003). This paper looks at how change in the gender division of labour impacts women’s decision-making power, and whether the traditional division of labour, which gives women very little access to labour-augmenting re ources, leads to an inefficient allocation of resources that retard development.
1 - Linguistic Diversity, Pluralism and National Development in Africa
Authors: Chumbow Beban Sammy 
Published: November 2011

In the quest for national development in Africa, how are the facts of linguistic diversity to be reconciled with pluralism, the African Union’s ideological option for nation building? From the perspective of language planning theory, we motivate, justify, rationalise and propose a tier stratification model of language planning predicated on an adaptation of Jurgen Habermas’s 1965 notion of the public sphere. Concretely, the bifurcation of the public sphere into the public and private domains and a principled stratification of languages of the nation-state into these domains, leads to a rational planning process. The process is characterised by the maintenance and consolidation of the linguistic and cultural identities of ethno linguistic communities at the micro- planning level while constructing a pluralistic national identity at the macro-planning level. The efficacy of the interaction between the two domains is mediated by two principles. The Principle of Functional Complementarities (PFC) requires that all languages be assigned (by the state) some valorising functions, i.e. functions that procure economic, social, and political advantages, thereby contributing to elevating the status of the ethno-linguistic communities. The Principle of Attitude Engineering (PAE) is expected to effect a positive change of attitude, culminating in a change of mindset congruent with the paradigm shift of national development anchored on pluralism. This model of Language Planning ensures the empowerment of linguistic minorities, provides for a reduction of ethno linguistic dominance and ipso facto, ensures the democratisation of access to knowledge, especially development-relevant knowledge for the national development enterprise.
4 - L’institutionnalisation des délibérations dans l’espace public au sein des chefferies Bamileke de l’Ouest-Cameroun
Authors: Tchoupie André 
Published: November 2011

Cette étude s’appuie sur les différentes variances du néo- institutionnalisme pour analyser le processus par lequel la délibération dans l’espace public s’érige en une véritable institution dans les chefferies bamiléké de l’Ouest-Cameroun. Elle révèle que loin d’apparaître comme une génération spontanée, la délibération dans l’espace public ici se présente plutôt comme une réalité que les acteurs socio-politiques construisent et reconstruisent en permanence à travers certaines de leurs actions et interactions. Suite à cette construction, la pratique délibérative dans la sphère publique s’est inscrite dans une trajectoire ayant débouché dans une large mesure sur son érection en l’un des traits essentiels de la culture bamiléké. Car non seulement elle s’est progressivement imposée comme un véritable socle sur lequel reposent toutes les décisions politiques, mais également elle connaît au fil du temps de perpétuelles métamorphoses marquées par une harmonieuse combinaison des acquis de la tradition et des exigences de la modernité, ceci lui permettant de faire face aux diverses forces environnementales qui tendent à amollir sa vigueur.
The Marriage of Terpyridines and Inorganic Nanoparticles: Synthetic Aspects, Characterization Techniques, and Potential Applications
Authors: Winter Andreas , Hager Martin D. , Newkome George R. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe utilization of supramolecular chemistry, i.e., metal‐to‐ligand coordination, in the field of nanotechnology is evaluated with respect to 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine, as tridentate metal binding site. Stabilization as well as directed self‐assembly of nanometer‐sized materials into ordered arrays are the most widely studied targets of current research. Moreover, energy‐ and/or electron‐transfer processes are enabled when redox‐active terpyridine complexes are bound to (semi)conducting species (e.g., fullerenes, polyoxometalates)–thus, applications in nanoelectronics and catalysis are currently arising from these hybrid materials. Progress made in these fields, resulting from the marriage of terpyridines (as well as their metal complexes) and nanostructures, is summarized in this Review Article.
Deep Energetic Trap States in Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Shuttle Christopher G. , Treat Neil D. , Douglas Jessica D. , Fréchet Jean M. J. , Chabinyc Michael L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe nature of energetic disorder in organic semiconductors is poorly understood. In photovoltaics, energetic disorder leads to reductions in the open circuit voltage and contributes to other loss processes. In this work, three independent optoelectronic methods were used to determine the long‐lived carrier populations in a high efficiency N‐alkylthieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (TPD) based polymer: fullerene solar cell. In the TPD co‐polymer, all methods indicate the presence of a long‐lived carrier population of ∼ 1015 cm−3 on timescales ≥ 100 μs. Additionally, the behavior of these photovoltaic devices under optical bias is consistent with deep energetic lying trap states. Comparative measurements were also performed on high efficiency poly‐3‐hexylthiophene (P3HT): fullerene solar cells; however a similar long‐lived carrier population was not observed. This observation is consistent with a higher acceptor concentration (doping) in P3HT than in the TPD‐based copolymer.
Polymeres graphitisches Kohlenstoffnitrid als heterogener Organokatalysator: von der Photochemie über die Vielzweckkatalyse hin zur nachhaltigen Chemie
Authors: Wang Yong , Wang Xinchen , Antonietti Markus 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPolymere graphitische Kohlenstoffnitrid‐Materialien (vereinfacht g‐C3N4), die nur aus C, N und Spuren von H bestehen, sind in den letzten Jahren wieder verstärkt in das Zentrum des Interesses gerückt, wohl auch wegen der Ähnlichkeit zu Graphit. g‐C3N4ist anders als Graphit ein Halbleiter mit mittlerer Bandlücke und damit ein effektiver (Photo)‐Katalysator für eine ganze Reihe von Reaktionen. In diesem Aufsatz beschreiben wir die “Polymerchemie” des synthetischen Aufbaus, wie die Bandlagen und die Bandlücke durch Copolymerisation und Dotierung verändert werden können und wie Änderungen der Festkörpertextur die Effektivität dieses heterogenen Organokatalysators verbessern können. g‐C3N4und seine Modifikationen zeigen eine sehr hohe thermische und chemische Stabilität und katalysieren eine ganze Reihe von “Traumreaktionen”, wie die photochemische Spaltung von Wasser, milde und selektive Oxidationsreaktionen, oder – als coaktiver Katalysatorträger – superschnelle Hydrierungen. Da Kohlenstoffnitrid metallfrei ist, toleriert es funktionelle Gruppen und ist daher für Vielzweckanwendungen in der Umwandlung von Biomasse und in der nachhaltigen Chemie geeignet.
Synthesis and characterization of diamide–diimide–diamines based on p‐amino benzoic acid and their curing and thermal behavior with epoxy blends containing phosphorus/silicon in the main chain
Authors: Durga Geeta , Narula Anudeep Kumar 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDiimide–diacid (I) having an imide group in its rigid structure was synthesized by the refluxing of 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride [4,4′‐carbonyldiphthalic anhydride (BTDA)] and p‐amino benzoic acid in a mixture of acetic acid and pyridine (3 : 2 v/v). The chloroderivative of the diacid (I) was synthesized by its reaction with thionyl chloride, this was followed by condensation with different diamines with phenyl, naphthyl, ether, sulfide, and cardo groups to generate a series of diamide–diimide–diamines (DADIDAs). The resultant DADIDAs were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques, namely, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy, and were used as epoxy curing agents to impart flame retardancy to the epoxy system. Two epoxy blends (designated as ES and EP) were prepared by the homogeneous mixing of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with 1,3‐bis(3‐glycidyloxypropyl)tetramethyl disiloxane and DGEBA with tris(glycidyloxy)phosphine oxide: each in a ratio of 3 : 2 respectively. The synergistic effect of phosphorus/silicon with nitrogen on the thermal properties of the modified epoxy system was studied. The curing behavior of the epoxy resins formulated by the reaction of stoichiometric amounts of ES/EP with the synthesized DADIDAs were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, and the thermal stabilities of the cured epoxies were evaluated by thermogravimetric analyses (TGAs) under nitrogen and air. TGA indicated that the residual weight percentage of polymers at 800°C was in the range 36.4–60.0 in nitrogen, and in air, it was up to 6.5. However, the major loss in weight in air occurred at elevated temperature; this demonstrated their potential use as flame‐retardant epoxy systems for electronic/electrical encapsulants. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Strontium(II) ion uptake on poly(N‐vinyl imidazole)‐based hydrogels
Authors: Garg Godawari , Chauhan Ghanshyam S. , Ahn J.‐H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this article, we report on the extraction of Sr(II) ions from aqueous solution with a series of poly(N‐vinyl imidazole)‐based hydrogels. The hydrogels were synthesized by the crosslinking of N‐vinyl imidazole with four different crosslinkers with γ rays as initiators. The well‐characterized hydrogels were used as Sr(II) sorbents. Sr(II) uptake was determined with a colorimetric method with Rose Bengal anionic dye. Scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive spectroscopy analysis of the Sr(II)‐loaded polymers was recorded to ascertain the uptake of Sr(II) ions. The experimental adsorption values were analyzed with the Freundlich and Temkin equations, and the kinetics of adsorption were investigated with a pseudo‐second‐order sorption kinetic model. The results show that the equilibrium data fit well in the Freundlich isotherm and followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers: Diethyl(3‐methylureido)(phenyl)methylphosphonate as a dummy template for the recognition of its organophosphate pesticide analogs
Authors: Kang Shu , Xu Yun , Zhou Li , Pan Canping 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA novel compound, diethyl(3‐methylureido)(phenyl)methylphosphonate (DEP), possessing an organophosphate skeleton, was synthesized and used as a dummy template to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the recognition of organophosphate pesticide analogs. Computational modeling was used to study the primary intermolecular interactions in the prepolymerization mixture. It was found that the interaction force between DEP and the monomers was hydrogen bonding. A series of MIPs were synthesized with different monomers and were evaluated by adsorption experiments, which showed that methacrylic acid was used as an appropriate monomer and a molar ratio of DEP to MAA of 1 : 9 was optimal. Scatchard analysis showed that there might have been two types of binding sites in the MIPs. DEP and several pesticides were used in molecular recognition specificity tests of DEP–MIP, which exhibited better selectivity and reservation ability for organophosphate pesticides, such as methamidophos and orthene, possessing amino or imino groups and a smaller steric hindrance. On the basis of the use of a dummy molecule as template, the problem of template leakage could be avoided; this, thereby, improved the specificity of analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Field investigations and multi‐indicators for shallow water lagoon management: perspective for societal benefit
Authors: Brehmer Patrice , Do Chi Thang , Laugier Thierry , GALGANI FRANÇOIS , Laloë Francis , Darnaude Audrey M. , Fiandrino Annie , Mouillot David 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Abiotic and biotic variables of coastal lagoons are highly heterogeneous in both space and time, and this heterogeneity complicates the assessment of their ecological status. These variables are essential to the monitoring and preservation of these fragile ecotones and the resources and services they sustain.
An integrative approach for evaluating the ecological status of coastal lagoons, based on field investigations of the key parameters driving their functioning and a set of selected ecological indicators matching lagoon management information needs for societal benefits, is investigated. Consistency in lagoon status evaluation from multiple and different variables was estimated, through a case study comparing three adjacent yet contrasting French Mediterranean shallow water lagoons.
French Mediterranean shallow water lagoons are used to demonstrate the potential of such an approach and to underline the need for a multi‐faceted framework, for correctly evaluating lagoon status, and underlining the need for high‐frequency lagoon monitoring to avoid errors in status assessment and resulting management plans.
Based on the results, a continuous monitoring system is proposed that would record high frequency biotic and abiotic data in the lagoons. The use of such an ad hoc observatory system, based on appropriate diagnostic indicators and risk estimators would simplify interactions between scientists and managers and would improve the efficiency of their analyses.

A lagoon management plan based on a holistic approach is proposed to help scientists and local managers to reach a consensus about the set of ecological indicators to monitor in the lagoons needed to assess their ‘global health’ status in accordance with both conservation and/or societal needs.
Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Dye‐Adsorption Solvent on the Performances of the Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Black Dye
Authors: Ozawa Hironobu , Awa Megumi , Ono Takahiko , Arakawa Hironori 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe effects of the dye‐adsorption solvent on the performances of the dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on black dye have been investigated. The highest conversion efficiency (10.6 %) was obtained in the cases for which 1‐PrOH and the mixed solvent of EtOH and tBuOH (3:1 v/v) were employed as dye‐adsorption solvents. The optimized value for the dielectric constant of the dye‐adsorption solvent was found to be around 20. The DSSCs that used MeOH as a dye‐adsorption solvent showed inferior solar‐cell performance relative to the DSSCs that used EtOH, 1‐PrOH, 2‐PrOH, and 1‐BuOH. Photo‐ and electrochemical measurements of black dye both in solution and adsorbed onto the TiO2 surface revealed that black dye aggregates at the TiO2 surface during the adsorption process in the case for MeOH. Both the shorter electron lifetime in the TiO2 photoelectrode and the greater resistance in the TiO2–dye–elecrolyte interface, attributed to the dye aggregation at the TiO2 surface, cause the decrease in the solar‐cell performance of the DSSC that used MeOH as a dye adsorption solvent.
P-selectin mediates neutrophil rolling and recruitment in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Hartman H , Abdulla A , Awla D , Lindkvist B , Jeppsson B , Thorlacius H , Regnér S 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
The adhesive mechanisms regulating leucocyte–endothelium interactions in the pancreas remain elusive, but selectins may play a role. This study examined the molecular mechanisms mediating leucocyte rolling along the endothelium in the pancreas and the therapeutic potential of targeting the rolling adhesive interaction in acute pancreatitis (AP).

Methods
Pancreatitis was induced by retrograde infusion of 5 per cent sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct, repeated intraperitoneal administration of caerulein (50 µg/kg) or intraperitoneal administration of l-arginine (4 g/kg) in C57BL/6 mice. A control and a monoclonal antibody against P-selectin were administered before and after induction of AP. Serum and tissue were sampled to assess the severity of pancreatitis, and intravital microscopy was used to study leucocyte rolling.

Results
Taurocholate infusion into the pancreatic duct increased the serum level of trypsinogen, trypsinogen activation, pancreatic neutrophil infiltration, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 2 formation and tissue damage. Immunoneutralization of P-selectin decreased the taurocholate-induced increase in serum trypsinogen (median (range) 17·35 (12·20–30·00) versus 1·55 (0·60–15·70) µg/l; P = 0·017), neutrophil accumulation (4·00 (0·75–4·00) versus 0·63 (0–3·25); P = 0·002) and tissue damage, but had no effect on MIP-2 production (14·08 (1·68–33·38) versus 3·70 (0·55–51·80) pg/mg; P = 0·195) or serum trypsinogen activating peptide level (1·10 (0·60–1·60) versus 0·45 (0–1·80) µg/l; P = 0·069). Intravital fluorescence microscopy revealed that anti-P-selectin antibody inhibited leucocyte rolling completely in postcapillary venules of the inflamed pancreas.

Conclusion
Inhibition of P-selectin protected against pancreatic tissue injury in experimental pancreatitis. Targeting P-selectin may be an effective strategy to ameliorate inflammation in AP.