bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain management interventions with parents in the emergency department: a randomized trial
Authors: LeMay Sylvie , Johnston Celeste , Choinière Manon , Fortin Christophe , Hubert Isabelle , Fréchette Gabrielle , Kudirka Denise , Murray Louise 
Published: August 2010

lemay s., johnston c., choinière m., fortin c., hubert i., fréchette g., kudirka d. & murray l. (2010) Pain management interventions with parents in the emergency department: a randomized trial. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(11), 2442–2449.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of the efficacy of a parental educational intervention on children’s pain intensity and experience of pain‐related unpleasantness at 24 hours post‐discharge from the emergency department, and on parents’ beliefs about pain.Background.  Parents’ misbeliefs about pain management may inhibit them from managing their child’s pain appropriately. Educating parents about pain management may increase their knowledge, dispel myths and help decrease children’s pain intensity and unpleasantness related to pain following a visit to an emergency department.Method.  A randomized design was adopted with samples of parent/child dyads. The experimental group received a bookmark, booklet on pain management and pain scale. The control group only received a pain scale. Pain intensity and unpleasantness were measured at triage and 24 hours after discharge from the emergency department. Parents’ beliefs were measured with the Pain Belief Questionnaire. Data were collected from November 2005 to May 2006.Results.  Samples of 98 (experimental) and 97 (control) children/parents were recruited. No statistically significant differences were found between both groups regarding pain intensity and unpleasantness, at triage and 24 hours post‐discharge. Results for the Pain Belief Questionnaire were similar between the groups (t = 1·751, P = 0·082).Conclusion.  The interventions were not effective to reduce pain and unpleasantness related to pain, as well as to improve pain beliefs of parents. Other interventions, such as having parents participate actively in their child’s pain management, might be more effective than a passive educational intervention.
Health index, sense of coherence scale, brief religious coping scale and spiritual perspective scale: psychometric properties
Authors: Rohani Camelia , Khanjari Sedigheh , Abedi Heidar‐Ali , Oskouie Fatemeh , Langius‐Eklöf Ann 
Published: August 2010

rohani c., khanjari s., abedi h‐a., oskouie f. & langius‐eklöf a. (2010) Health index, sense of coherence scale, brief religious coping scale and spiritual perspective scale: psychometric properties. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(12), 2796–2806.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study to translate one Swedish and three English instruments into the Persian language, and to estimate their validity and reliability.Background.  The Sense of Coherence Scale, Health Index, Brief Religious Coping Scale and Spiritual Perspective Scale are all well tested instruments for use in nursing research. Since there was no Persian translation of these instruments, they had to be translated and cross‐culturally adapted for nursing research in the Iranian culture.Method.  After the translation process, sampling for psychometric tests was done. A sample of healthy Iranian people (n = 375) was selected to response to the instruments in 2006, at baseline and 1 month later.Findings.  Cronbach’s alpha values and intra‐class correlations were high (>0·70). Tests of criterion‐related validity showed that six of the ten hypotheses were confirmed, and the four rejected hypotheses did not imply a threat to validity. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that sense of coherence was the strongest predictor of well‐being (Health Index scores) both at baseline ( = 0·52, P < 0·001) and 1 month later (= 0·58, P < 0·001).Conclusion.  There is a sound psychometric basis for using the Iranian versions of these instruments in nursing research with the Iranian population. The Sense of Coherence Scale proved to be as valid and reliable as in Western countries, which supports its cross‐cultural applicability.
New graduate nurses’ experiences of bullying and burnout in hospital settings
Authors: Laschinger Heather K. Spence , Grau Ashley L. , Finegan Joan , Wilk Piotr 
Published: August 2010

laschinger h.k.s., grau a.l., finegan j. & wilk p. (2010) New graduate nurses’ experiences of bullying and burnout in hospital settings. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 66(12), 2732–2742.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to test a model linking new graduate nurses’ perceptions of structural empowerment to their experiences of workplace bullying and burnout in Canadian hospital work settings using Kanter’s work empowerment theory.Background.  There are numerous anecdotal reports of bullying of new graduates in healthcare settings, which is linked to serious health effects and negative organizational effects.Methods.  We tested the model using data from the first wave of a 2009 longitudinal study of 415 newly graduated nurses (<3 years of experience) in acute care hospitals across Ontario, Canada. Variables were measured using the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire, Negative Acts Questionnaire‐Revised and Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey.Results.  The final model fit statistics revealed a reasonably adequate fit (χ² = 14·9, d.f. = 37, IFI = 0·98, CFI = 0·98, RMSEA = 0·09). Structural empowerment was statistically significantly and negatively related to workplace bullying exposure (β = −0·37), which in turn, was statistically significantly related to all three components of burnout (Emotional exhaustion: β = 0·41, Cynicism: β = 0·28, Efficacy: β = −0·17). Emotional exhaustion had a direct effect on cynicism (β = 0·51), which in turn, had a direct effect on efficacy (β = −0·34).Conclusion.  The results suggest that new graduate nurses’ exposure to bullying may be less when their work environments provide access to empowering work structures, and that these conditions promote nurses’ health and wellbeing.
Using research to implement change: the introduction of group activities on a psychiatric unit
Authors: PARAHOO K. , McGURN A. , McDONNELL R. 
Published: August 2010

Summary

Staff in a psychiatric unit of a general hospital proposed the introduction of a programme of structured group activities, based on their casual observation that patients were sometimes unoccupied and bored. It was decided to collect data systematically in order to inform the implementation of activities.
An activities record sheet was developed to list all activities taking place over a 1‐week period. Questionnaires were administered to patients (n= 23) and staff (n= 20) on the unit to seek their views on the value, type, timing, frequency and location of activities as well as on other related aspects.
Overall, staff made practical and realistic suggestions regarding the implementation of structured group activities. The data collected, although useful in planning change, raised questions about the poor quality of patients' responses and the low response rate (50%) from staff. Implications of these and other issues are discussed.
Incidence and prevalence of lymphoedema: a literature review
Authors: LOGAN VINNY 
Published: August 2010

Summary

Lymphoedema is a significant health problem for some groups of patients and few health authorities have carried out a systematic health needs assessment for this client group. When planning and developing services, there is a need to demonstrate a knowledge of the literature relating to the incidence and prevalence of this condition. To facilitate interpretation of the literature, clarification of the difference between incidence and prevalence rates is included in this review. It is important that the differences between these rates is clearly understood when considering the nature of a chronic, progressive condition.
The problems inherent in comparing results from studies which use different definitions of what constitutes ‘lymphoedema’, as well as different methods of measurement are acknowledged. A number of studies are examined and using information from this review, it is suggested that the prevalence rate of lymphoedema in women treated for breast cancer is in the region of 25–28%.
Factors which influence the development of lymphoedema, and the controversy concerning axillary node sampling and dissection are discussed. The need to consider patients with lymphoedema due to very advanced cancer, and those with lower limb problems is also highlighted.
Administration of blood transfusions to adults in general hospital settings: a review of the literature
Authors: Wilkinson John , Wilkinson Chris 
Published: August 2010

• The Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) haemovigilance scheme for the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland has clearly indicated that there are avoidable risks to which recipients of blood transfusion are exposed.• Sometimes errors in practice have led to serious and even fatal consequences, particularly when a haemolytic response occurs due to an incompatible transfusion.• Despite the risks, blood transfusion is an important and frequently life‐saving therapy and its use in clinical practice is common.• This paper discusses recently published national guidelines for the care of recipients of blood transfusion in the light of a review of the literature relevant to the administration of blood transfusions to adults in general hospital settings.• Recommendations for practitioners, managers and teachers are offered in relation to preventing errors and to patient care associated with blood transfusion in the context of contemporary emphasis upon evidence based care.
The cycle of homelessness in the lives of young mothers: the diagnostic phase of an action research project
Authors: Walters Susan , East Linda 
Published: August 2010

• This paper presents the findings of the first stage of an action research project designed to explore the experience of repeated homelessness in the lives of young women. An action research strategy was selected because it offered a framework within which to work with and for rather than on this vulnerable group of service users.• The women participating in the research developed a conceptual model that captured the essence of their experience, which they named ‘Our Cycle’. They also proposed a system for service delivery, ‘From trauma to recovery: a non‐professional model’.• The diagnostic phase of the action research has thus resulted in a sound theoretical and practical framework to guide the implementation and evaluation stages of the project, currently being funded through the United Kingdom Department of Health's Health Action Zone initiative.
A discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of ‘reflection’ in nursing practice and education
Authors: Hannigan Ben 
Published: August 2010

• This paper begins by exploring the principles underpinning ‘reflective practice’.• The impact of reflection on the nursing profession is discussed, with particular attention being paid to nursing education.• The value of reflective practice in nursing has been subject to considerable debate. This paper reviews both the claimed strengths and shortcomings of ‘reflection’, particularly in relation to the use of reflective material in the assessment of students.
Nursing staff perceptions of the behaviour of older nursing home residents and decision making on restraint use: a qualitative and interpretative study
Authors: Hantikainen V. 
Published: August 2010

• This study examined staff perceptions of the behaviour of older nursing home residents and how these perceptions govern their decision making on restraint use.• Data were collected in unstructured interviews with 20 trained and untrained nursing staff from two Swiss nursing homes.• Data analysis was based on Colaizzi's phenomenological method.• Two main themes were extracted from the data: (i) situations in which behaviour is perceived in terms of a problem that needs to be controlled and consequently leads to restraint use; and (ii) situations in which behaviour is perceived in terms of something one has to learn to live with and consequently leads to avoidance of restraint.• Staff members’ choices to perceive resident's behaviour from the angle they did were clearly associated with the rights and responsibilities of both nursing staff and older people.• It is concluded that the primary source of change towards the avoidance of restraint use does not necessarily lie in external factors, but in staff members themselves.
Eating difficulties, need for assisted eating, nutritional status and pressure ulcers in patients admitted for stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Westergren Albert , Karlsson Siv , Andersson Pia , Ohlsson Ola , Hallberg Ingalill R. 
Published: August 2010

• The aim of this study was to describe the types and extent of eating difficulties, the need for assistance when eating, the nutritional status and pressure ulcers in consecutive patients (n=162) admitted for stroke rehabilitation over a period of 1 year.• Structured observations and assessments of eating, nutritional status (subjective global assessment of nutritional status), pressure ulcers and activities in daily living (Katz ADL‐index) were performed by a nurse who also trained the staff to perform these assessments.• Difficulties in eating were found in 80%, and 52.5% were unable to eat without assistance. Eating difficulties were: ‘eats three‐quarters or less of served food’ (60%), difficulties in ‘manipulating food on the plate’ (56%), ‘transportation of food to the mouth’ (46%), ‘sitting position’ (29%), ‘aberrant eating speed’ (slow or forced) (26%), ‘manipulating food in the mouth’ (leakage, hoarding, chewing difficulties) (24%), ‘swallowing difficulties’ (18%), ‘opening and/or closing the mouth’ (16%), and ‘alertness’ (9%).• Thirty‐two percent were undernourished (49% of patients needing assisted eating and 13% of those not needing assistance, P < 0.0005). Among patients who were dependent in one or more functions according to the Katz ADL‐index, 15% had pressure ulcers.• The strongest eating variables for predicting nutritional status were ‘alertness’, ‘swallowing difficulties’, ‘eats three‐quarters or less of served food’, and ‘aberrant eating speed’. Nutritional status could in turn significantly predict pressure ulcers.• Eating difficulties among patients with stroke are complex and the patient's situation before stroke adds to this complexity, especially among those dependent on assisted eating.• As difficulties occur both among patients needing and not needing assisted eating, all patients with stroke admitted for rehabilitation need to be systematically assessed for eating difficulties and action needs to be taken to facilitate eating, especially as patients with eating difficulties risk becoming undernourished and in turn developing pressure ulcers.
Relevance of the diagnosis ‘stage 1 pressure ulcer’: an empirical study of the clinical course of stage 1 ulcers in acute care and long‐term care hospital populations
Authors: Halfens R. J. G. , Bours G. J. J. W. , Van Ast W. 
Published: August 2010

• Stage 1 pressure ulcers are difficult to diagnose. Several prevalence studies have shown that almost half of the pressure ulcers identified are stage 1. The present study investigated the importance of stage 1. The following research questions were formulated: Is there a difference between the prevalence of stage 1 pressure ulcers identified in the institutions participating in the present study and that found in the other institutions participating in the Dutch National Prevalence Survey? What percentage of stage 1 pressure ulcers are reversible within a few hours? What is the clinical course of stage 1 pressure ulcers? Which patient characteristics and preventive interventions are related to the clinical course of stage 1?• The study used a prospective, descriptive and comparative design.• All patients of six long‐term care hospitals and six acute care hospitals in whom stage 1 pressure ulcers were identified during the 1999 National Prevalence Survey in the Netherlands were followed for 1 week (acute care hospitals; n=68 patients) or 2 weeks (long‐term care hospitals; n=115 patients).• The patients were reassessed using the questionnaire developed for the National Prevalence Survey (patient characteristics, assessment of risk of pressure ulcers, characteristics of the pressure ulcers and use of preventive methods) on the same day as the national survey itself, and again after 3 days, after 7 days and after 14 days (only long‐term care hospitals).• The results showed fewer stage 1 pressure ulcers in the institutions participating in the present study than in the National Prevalence Survey, the difference being almost 50%. The first reassessment found the prevalence of stage 1 to be further reduced by an average of almost 50%, a reduction which was greater for the long‐term care hospitals than for the acute care hospitals. However, some of the ulcers that had disappeared reappeared in subsequent reassessments.• In the long‐term care hospitals, 8.7% of the stage 1 pressure ulcers deteriorated to a higher stage, vs. 22.1% in acute care hospitals.• No significant patient characteristics were found to affect the course of stage 1, except that women in acute care hospitals more often had a stage 1 pressure ulcer at the first reassessment than men.• In general, patients whose stage 1 ulcer deteriorated were undergoing more preventive interventions; not all differences were significant.• We conclude that, although stage 1 is reversible in most cases, it can be interpreted as an important warning sign for nurses and patients to act. If no adequate interventions are applied, the pressure ulcer may deteriorate.
Early recognition of delirium: review of the literature
Authors: Schuurmans Marieke J. , Duursma Sijmen A. , Shortridge‐Baggett Lillie M. 
Published: August 2010

• This review focuses on delirium and early recognition of symptoms by nurses.• Delirium is a transient organic mental syndrome characterized by disturbances in consciousness, thinking and memory. The incidence in older hospitalized patients is about 25%.• The causes of delirium are multi‐factorial; risk factors include high age, cognitive impairment and severity of illness.• The consequences of delirium include high morbidity and mortality, lengthened hospital stay and nursing home placement.• Delirium develops in a short period and symptoms fluctuate, therefore nurses are in a key position to recognize symptoms.• Delirium is often overlooked or misdiagnosed due to lack of knowledge and awareness in nurses and doctors. To improve early recognition of delirium, emphasis should be given to terminology, vision and knowledge regarding health in ageing and delirium as a potential medical emergency, and to instruments for systematic screening of symptoms.
A study of a training scheme for Macmillan nurses in Northern Ireland
Authors: Gail Johnston 
Published: August 2010

Aim.  To evaluate a one year training scheme for Macmillan Nurses.Background.  The role of the clinical nurse specialist has evolved and expanded greatly over the past few years so that it now encompasses components far beyond the traditional nursing remit of direct clinical practice. While several studies have looked at the barriers and facilitators to this process for clinical nurse specialists in particular, none has looked at the benefits of a structured training scheme which involves both a theoretical and clinical component.Methods.  Tape recorded, semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of trainees who undertook the scheme, their practice‐based facilitators and another person(s) involved in the trainee's supportAnalysis.  Tapes were transcribed verbatim and each transcript anonymized to prevent identification of participants. Data were analysed thematically using the main headings of expectations, experience and impact and the structured prompts from the aide‐memoir within these headings.Results.  Results showed that the majority of respondents felt the scheme had been successful with one of the main achievements being that trainees were perceived to be adequately prepared to take on the role of a CNS on completion of the scheme. While the Role Development Programme was thought to provide a good academic structure for the scheme some participants thought that more theory on symptom control and communication skills and a placement in a specialist palliative care centre should also be included.Conclusion.  The Macmillan Trainee Scheme has succeeded in its objectives to facilitate the transition from generalist to specialist nursing. It should be extended to include an induction and consolidation period and more theoretical input on communication skills and symptom control.Relevance to clinical practice.  With these improvements, the scheme could be used as a standard model for training specialist practitioners and a means to address the current issues of workforce planning.
Chinese female nurses’ perceptions of male genitalia‐related care – Part 1
Authors: Zang Yu‐Li , Chung Loretta YF , Wong Thomas KS 
Published: August 2010

Aims. To explore Chinese female nurses’ experiences of male genitalia‐related care.Background. Male patients who require male genitalia‐related care may have psychosocial and sexual concerns and needs. Nurses’ attitudes and conduct in the provision of male genitalia‐related care, if negative, may obviate meeting these needs. Previous research indicates that limited studies have been conducted focusing on nurses’ perceptions, responses and attitudes towards male genitalia‐related care. There is a dearth of knowledge about the practice of Chinese female nurses delivering male genitalia‐related care, particularly given that physical contact between Chinese adults of different genders outside marriage is traditionally prohibited.Design. This study is an exploratory qualitative study.Methods. Through purposive sampling, eight subjects were approached and semi‐structured interviews were conducted. Digitally recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was conducted. The strategies of long engagement, member checking, peer debriefing and journal writing were used to establish trustworthiness.Results. Two themes emerged from interviews: ‘association with sexuality’ and ‘consequences’. The theme ‘association with sexuality’ comprised the sub‐themes of ‘being sexual’, ‘impact on intimate relationship’ and ‘emotional responses’. The theme ‘consequences’ was constituted by the sub‐themes of ‘care with preconditions’, ‘unavoidable responsibilities’ and ‘limited involvement with implicit approval’.Conclusions. This study suggests that Chinese female nurses’ perceptions, responses and attitudes towards male genitalia‐related care may be negative, with the consequence that the quality of male genitalia‐related care might be compromised. The Chinese culture of sexual conservativeness may play a critical role.Relevance to clinical practice. Risks may be embedded in the practice of male genitalia‐related care by Chinese female nurses. Particular attention, therefore, should be drawn to the possibility of adverse effects of Chinese female nurses delivering male genitalia‐related care on them and their patients.