bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mandibular Fracture and Dislocation in a Case Study from the Jewish Cemetery of Lucena (CÓRDOBA), in South Iberian Peninsula (8th–12th ad)
Authors: De Luca S. , Viciano J. , Irurita J. , López‐Lázaro S. , Cameriere R. , Botella D. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe skeletal remains of an adult female have been exhumed in an 11th century tomb in the mediaeval Jewish cemetery of Ronda Sur, in the city of Lucena (Córdoba, Spain). Examination of the skull and mandible revealed evidences of bilateral condylar fracture and dislocation. Lesions were observed macroscopically and radiology was used as a complementary method of scrutiny, especially in cases of unclear observation. Irregular morphology of the condyles and coronoid processes, shallow glenoid fossa, altered and abnormal joint surfaces anterior to the glenoid fossa, and reduced height of both ascending rami were observed. Ante‐mortem tooth loss, slight wear of occlusal surface and asymmetrical occlusal deposit of dental calculus were found. Radiologically, degenerative changes in the condyles and reparative bone in both coronoid processes have been identified. Dislocation of the condyles and lack of adequate treatment probably led to disruption of masticatory patterns and related structures, such as muscle attachments, articular disc and ligaments. Bilateral remodelled fracture and the altered appearance of the joint structures could probably mean that the individual survived the injury by several years. This type of fracture could be the consequence of direct blow to the mental or submental region that was transmitted in a direction that raised the mandible, causing the condylar head to collide directly with the mandibular fossa. Very few mandibular fractures in ancient skulls have been described in Spain, and this case is the first example found in a Spanish archaeological skeletal assemblage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway may operate in non‐neoplastic human cells
Authors: Slatter Tania L , Tan Xin , Yuen Yi Ching , Gunningham Sarah , Ma Sally SiYan , Daly Erin , Packer Stephen , Devenish Celia , Royds Janice A , Hung Noelyn A 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism represents an alternative to the enzyme telomerase in the maintenance of mammalian telomeres in 25–60% of sarcomas and a minority of carcinomas (about 5–15%). ALT‐positive cells are distinguished by long and heterogeneous telomere length distributions by terminal restriction fragment (TRF) Southern blotting. Another diagnostic marker of ALT is discrete nuclear co‐localized signals of telomeric DNA and the promyelocytic leukaemia protein (PML), referred to as ALT‐associated PML bodies (APBs). Recently, we detected smaller sized co‐localized PML and telomere DNA (APB‐like) bodies in endothelial cells adjacent to astrocytoma tumour cells in situ. In this study, we examined a wide variety of non‐neoplastic tissues, and report that co‐localized signals of PML and telomere DNA are present in endothelial, stromal, and some epithelial cells. Co‐localized signals of PML and telomere DNA showed an increased frequency in non‐neoplastic cells with DNA damage. These results suggest that a mechanism similar to that in ALT‐positive tumours also operates in non‐neoplastic cells, which may be activated by DNA damage. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate signalling induces the production of Lcn‐2 by macrophages to promote kidney regeneration
Authors: Sola Anna , Weigert Andreas , Jung Michaela , Vinuesa Eugenia , Brecht Kerstin , Weis Nicole , Brüne Bernhard , Borregaard Niels , Hotter Georgina 
Published: August 2011

AbstractInflammatory reactions are initiated to eliminate pathogens, but also to promote repair of damaged tissue after acute inflammation is terminated. In this regard, macrophages play a prominent role during induction as well as resolution of inflammation and injury in various organs including the kidney. The present study describes a mechanism for renal tissue regeneration after ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Following injury, apoptotic cell‐derived sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) or exogenously administered sphingosine analogue FTY720 activates macrophages to support the proliferation and healing of renal epithelium, once inflammatory conditions are terminated. Both suppression of inflammation and renal regeneration might require S1P receptor 3 (S1P3) signalling and downstream release of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL/Lcn‐2) from macrophages. Overall, our data point to a macrophage‐dependent S1P‐S1P3‐Lcn‐2 axis that might be beneficial for restoration of kidney function after an ischaemic insult. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Helichrysum monizii Lowe: Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Potential
Authors: Gouveia Sandra , Castilho Paula C. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn Madeira Archipelago there are four endemic Helichyrsum species and three of them are used in the traditional medicine. Helichrysum monizii is a rare endemism with very scarce information available concerning its uses in the local traditional medicine.ObjectiveThe aim of this work was to study for the first time Helichrysum monizii in terms of its antioxidant capacity and the identification of the phenolic compounds to which that activity is due.MethodologyThree different methods of extraction were performed and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of extracts were correlated to radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and β‐carotene assays. An HPLC‐DAD‐ESI/MSn method was employed for the separation and identification of the phenolic and flavonoid components.ResultsThe results revealed a high antioxidant potential mainly related to the phenolic profile of the plant. Polar components of methanol extracts of Helichrsyum monizii were detected by a high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐DAD‐ESI/MSn) method. Thirty‐three compounds were identified and 19 of them were identified as quinic acid derivatives.ConclusionsThe high antioxidant potential Helichrysum monizii was for the first time established. Dicaffeoylquinic acids are the main responsible for that activity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation, structure and properties of thermoplastic olefin nanocomposites containing functionalized carbon nanotubes
Authors: Li Chaoqun , Zhao Qinna , Deng Hua , Chen Chen , Wang Ke , Zhang Qin , Chen Feng , Fu Qiang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe morphology and properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube modified polypropylene (PP)/ethylene–octene copolymer blends were studied. Polypropylene chains are covalently grafted onto the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in order to improve their interaction with the polymer matrix. It is observed that functionalization of CNTs improves their dispersion and increases the interfacial bonding between CNTs and polymer matrix. The functionalized CNTs are selectively distributed in the continuous polypropylene phase. The size of the dispersed elastomer phase decreases after the addition of CNTs. Functionalized CNTs act as a nucleating agent and increase the crystallinity of the polypropylene. More importantly, an important increase in impact strength, stiffness and toughness can be achieved through introducing functionalized CNTs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Functionality of peripheral side chain for enhanced performance of conjugated polymer—F8BT as an example
Authors: Dong Wenyue , Xue Shanfeng , Lu Ping , Deng Jian , Zhao Donglin , Gu Cheng , Ma Yuguang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA series of F8BT‐based copolymers (PCFBTs) with functional peripheral side chains were designed and synthesized. The complementation of side chain with polymer backbone in electronic and optical properties was realized. Electron‐riched carbazole moieties on the peripheral side chains of fluorene unit significantly reduce the first oxidation potential and increase the highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels of PCFBTs. Increase of hole injection and transport ability was achieved in PCFBTs. Among them, PCFBT shows a maximum luminous efficiency of 0.7 cd/A and a turn‐on voltage of 3.0 V in the single‐layered device, which are better than F8BT without the carbazole moieties (0.1 cd/A, 3.8 V). The radios of fluorene and benzothiadiazole (BTz) unit in polymers were adjusted to balance the electron and hole transport, and PCFBT0.2 (BTz:fluorene = 2:8) exhibits 13 times higher maximum luminous efficiency (10.8 cd/A) than F8BT (0.8 cd/A) in a double‐layered device. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Effect of water addition on the cure kinetics of an epoxy‐amine thermoset
Authors: Choi Sungwon , Janisse Andrew P. , Liu Changhua , Douglas Elliot P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this study, the effect of water addition on cure kinetics in an epoxy‐amine thermoset was investigated. Near FTIR spectra demonstrated that a small amount of water addition significantly accelerated the cure reaction in terms of epoxide conversion, with water acting as a catalyst for the reaction. Use of a modified mechanistic model allowed direct comparison of the effect of hydroxyl groups generated from water addition to those generated from the polymer chain. The comparison of those kinetic parameters shows that the two effects are very close, in which difference in the logarithmic value of the reaction constant is less than one order of magnitude over all the reaction conditions. The kinetic study also confirmed a strong negative substitution effect for this system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Phase transformations in MgTbNd alloy
Authors: Smola Bohumil , Stulíková Ivana , Černá Jaroslava , Čížek Jakub , Vlach Martin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPrecipitation in the MgTbNd alloy with ∼4 wt.%Tb and ∼2 wt.%Nd solution treated at 500 °C/4 h was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with linear heating rates 1–20 K/min. Electrical resistivity measurements at 78 K, positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed on the specimens isochronally annealed in steps 20 K/20 min or 30 K/30 min. Microhardness HV0.1 annealing curves for various isochronal heating programs corresponding to linear heating rates 0.5–10 K/min revealed hardening caused by individual precipitation processes. The precipitation sequence includes successively DO19 clusters, DO19 particles, extremely small particles of the cbco phase, β1 phase with fcc structure, β phase of Mg5(Tb,Nd) type, and β phase of Mg41(Tb,Nd)5 type. All the particles except the last one have a plate‐shape oriented in the Mg matrix in a triangular arrangement. Activation energies of the individual precipitation processes were determined from calorimetric measurements. The results of the PAS and electrical measurements correspond well to the DSC results as well as to the hardening caused by the β1 phase particles.
Advances and applications in the FIREBALLab initio tight‐binding molecular‐dynamics formalism
Authors: Lewis James P. , Jelínek Pavel , Ortega José , Demkov Alexander A. , Trabada Daniel G. , Haycock Barry , Wang Hao , Adams Gary , Tomfohr John K. , Abad Enrique , Wang Hong , Drabold David A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractOne of the outstanding advancements in electronic‐structure density‐functional methods is the Sankey–Niklewski (SN) approach [Sankey and Niklewski, Phys. Rev. B 40, 3979 (1989)]; a method for computing total energies and forces, within an ab initio tight‐binding formalism. Over the past two decades, several improvements to the method have been proposed and utilized to calculate materials ranging from biomolecules to semiconductors. In particular, the improved method (called FIREBALL) uses separable pseudopotentials and goes beyond the minimal sp3 basis set of the SN method, allowing for double numerical (DN) basis sets with the addition of polarization orbitals and d‐orbitals to the basis set. Herein, we report a review of the method, some improved theoretical developments, and some recent application to a variety of systems.
The TKE budget in the convective Martian planetary boundary layer
Authors: Martínez G. M. , Valero F. , Vázquez L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget has been obtained for the first time from ground‐based data on Mars, both for the unstable surface layer (SL) and for the convectively driven mixed layer (CML). Values for storage, buoyancy, shear, vertical turbulent transport, dissipation, and an imbalance term accounting for the rest of the TKE budget have been determined and weighted for significance.These results have been derived from ground‐based measurements made by Viking Lander 1 (VL1) on Sol 28, Viking Lander 2 (VL2) on Sol 20, and Pathfinder (PF) on Sol 25, and through an adaptation to Mars of terrestrial similarity theory, which constitutes a new approach to the study of the TKE budget on Mars.Shear is the main TKE generator in the unstable SL for VL1 Sol 28 and PF Sol 25. It is narrowly exceeded by dissipation, the main mechanism removing TKE. Both terms present values ∼10−1m2s−3. Buoyancy generates TKE, though it plays a minor role (∼10−2m2s−3). Vertical turbulent transport balances buoyancy, removing TKE from the SL by sending it upwards. The imbalance term represents 30% of the main mechanisms, while storage plays an insignificant role (∼10−5m2s−3). The SL TKE budget for VL2 Sol 20 presents a different behaviour instead, with the imbalance term becoming the main TKE generator, likely due to the anomalous atmospheric conditions existing during this Sol.Buoyancy and dissipation play the major roles generating and removing TKE in the CML for the three Sols under study, respectively, both showing values around 5×10−3m2s−3. Vertical turbulent transport plays a minor role (∼10−4m2s−3), and so does the imbalance term, with values about 25% of buoyancy or dissipation. Finally, shear and storage terms are negligible, presenting values ∼10−6 and ∼10−5m2s−3, respectively. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Application of an adaptive radiative transfer scheme in a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model
Authors: Schomburg A. , Venema V. , Ament F. , Simmer C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe computational burden of radiative transfer parametrization is considerable, and hence operational atmospheric models use various sampling, coarsening and interpolation techniques to reduce this load; this, however, introduces new errors. An adaptive radiative transfer scheme takes advantage of the spatial and temporal correlations in the optical characteristics of the atmosphere to make the parametrization computationally more efficient. The adaptive scheme employed here generalizes the accurate radiation computations made in a fraction of the spatial and temporal space to the rest of the field. In this study, a previously developed scheme has been extended to atmospheric heating rates and implemented in the numerical weather prediction model COSMO. The performance of the adaptive scheme is compared with the performance of the currently operational COSMO‐DE radiation configuration, in which radiation computations are performed quarter‐hourly on 2 × 2 averaged atmospheric columns. The reference for both schemes is a set of frequent radiation computations for the full grid. We show that the adaptive scheme is able to reduce the sampling errors in the radiation surface fluxes by 15–25% and to conserve the spatial variability, in contrast to the operational scheme. Deviations in the heating‐rate profiles are reduced for larger averaging scales. Physical relationships between the radiative quantities and cloud water or rain rates are better captured. We demonstrate that these improvements also lead to improvements with respect to the dynamical development of the model simulation, showing a smaller divergence from the reference model run. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
EFFECTS OF PASSAGE BARRIERS ON DEMOGRAPHICS AND STABILITY PROPERTIES OF A VIRTUAL TROUT POPULATION
Authors: Harvey B. C. , Railsback S. F. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTHabitat fragmentation is widely assumed to have negative effects on populations and communities, but some effects of fragmentation are subtle, difficult to measure and not always negative. For stream fish, barriers to upstream passage, such as waterfalls or culverts with perched outlets, are a common cause of fragmentation. We explored the effects of barriers on a virtual stream trout population occupying a network of reaches in the inSTREAM individual‐based trout population model. The model includes daily habitat selection by individual fish, with barriers represented by assuming trout cannot move upstream past a barrier and move downstream over a barrier only if habitat above it offers low potential fitness. In 78‐year simulations of a resident trout population occupying the stream network of a 25‐km2 catchment, we varied barrier density and observed effects on population stability properties and demographics. Increasing barrier density decreased subpopulation persistence in first‐order tributaries but not larger streams. Barriers at tributary mouths reduced the population's resistance to extreme flows, but additional barriers caused no further loss of resistance. Barriers reduced overall abundance and biomass at intermediate and high densities and caused a small but surprising increase in biomass at low density. In comparison with fish in the remainder of the network, fish in isolated first‐order tributaries had higher survival early in life, smaller sizes at age and reproduced as smaller, younger individuals. Fish that passed over barriers contributed relatively little to downstream populations but, had they not moved, would have increased persistence and abundance of the tributaries they moved from. Relationships such as these would be very difficult to elucidate without a model representing individual behaviour. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomic force microscopy of microwear traces on Mousterian tools from Myshtylagty Lagat (Weasel Cave), Russia
Authors: Faulks Nathan R. , Kimball Larry R. , Hidjrati Nazim , Coffey Tonya S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSince durable technology emerged between 3.4 and 3.2 million years ago, stone tools served as a major material means that hominins used to survive. Determining how different lithic tools functioned is a principal question in human evolution. The main experimentally based approach to the functional study of lithic technology uses stereo and incident‐light microscopy, and is known as the Keeley Method. Although this method has demonstrated success in linking the morphology of microwear traces on flint tools to the function of the tool, there is no agreed upon model of how these microwear polishes form. At the same time, the characterization of these polishes has been a largely qualitative process. Herein, we use the atomic force microscope (AFM) to scan microwear traces on Middle Palaeolithic (Mousterian) tools from Weasel Cave, Russia to show quantitative data and small scale features of microwear polishes interpreted (using the Keeley Method) as due to contact with meat, fresh hide, dry hide, bone, wood, and hafting. These results follow those of to the previous AFM study on the experimental tools, namely that the meat and dry hide polishes are the least developed polishes with smaller changes in roughness and that the bone polish and wood polishes are more highly developed polishes and exhibit larger changes in roughness. SCANNING 33: 304–315, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tumor‐Targeted Polydiacetylene Micelles for In Vivo Imaging and Drug Delivery
Authors: Mackiewicz Nicolas , Gravel Edmond , Garofalakis Anikitos , Ogier Julien , John Jubi , Dupont Daniel Miotto , Gombert Karine , Tavitian Bertrand , Doris Eric , Ducongé Frédéric 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn vivo tumor targeting and drug delivery properties of small polymerized polydiacetylene (PDA) micelles (∼10 nm) is investigated in a murine MDA‐MB‐231 xenograft model of breast cancer. Three micelles with different surface coatings are synthesized and tested for their ability to passively target tumor through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. After injection (24 h), fluorescence diffuse optical tomographic imaging indicates a tumor uptake of nearly 3% of the injected dose for the micelles with a 2 kDa poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐coating (PDA‐PEG2000). The uptake of PDA micelles in tumors is confirmed by co‐localization with [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography. Although FDG has a higher diffusion rate in tumors, 40 ± 19% of the retained micelles is co‐registered with the tumor volume visualized by FDG. Finally, PDA‐PEG2000 micelles are loaded with the hydrophobic anticancer drug paclitaxel and used in vivo to inhibit tumor growth. These findings demonstrate the potential of PDA‐PEG2000 micelles for both in vivo tumor imaging and drug delivery applications.
Periadolescent changes of D2–AMPA interactions in the rat nucleus accumbens
Authors: Huppe‐Gourgues Frederic , O'donnell Patricio 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMany aspects of dopamine (DA) systems mature during adolescence. In the nucleus accumbens, the modulation of prefrontal cortical synaptic responses by DA becomes refined during adolescence with the recruitment of a gamma‐amino butyric acid (GABA) component. As this GABA component is depolarizing, it remains to be determined whether this change affects action potential firing in nucleus accumbens neurons. Here we tested whether a D2 agonist affects AMPA‐evoked cell firing in slices containing the nucleus accumbens from juvenile (postnatal day, PD 28–34) and adult (PD > 60) rats. 2‐amino‐3‐(5‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐1,2‐oxazol‐4‐yl)propanoic acid (AMPA) (0.1–0.4 μM) depolarized nucleus accumbens neurons and increased their firing in a dose‐dependent manner. The D2 agonist quinpirole (2 μM) had different effects in juvenile vs. adult slices. In the juvenile accumbens, quinpirole enhanced AMPA (0.2 μM) effects on evoked firing in a subset of neurons while it had no effect on the rest. In the adult accumbens, the D2 agonist instead attenuated the effect of AMPA on evoked firing, an interaction that was blocked by the GABA‐A antagonist picrotoxin (50 μM). Thus, D2 receptors modulate AMPA responses in the nucleus accumbens differently in juvenile than adult rats, and the adult effect requires local GABA transmission. The incorporation of a GABA component in the modulation of information processing in the nucleus accumbens by DA during adolescence may allow for a better contrast in cortically activated ensembles. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the discovery of association rules by means of evolutionary algorithms
Authors: del Jesus María J. , Gámez José A. , González Pedro , Puerta José M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAssociation rule learning is a data mining task that tries to discover interesting relations between variables in large databases. A review of association rule learning is presented that focuses on the use of evolutionary algorithms not only applied to Boolean variables but also to categorical and quantitative ones. The use of fuzzy rules in the evolutionary algorithms for association rule learning is also described. Finally, the main applications of association rule evolutionary learning covered by the specialized bibliography are reviewed. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2011 1 397–415 DOI: 10.1002/widm.18This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Association Rules
Technologies > Association Rules
Technologies > Computational Intelligence