bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro physiochemical properties of a biomimetic gelatin/chitosan oligosaccharide/calcium silicate cement
Authors: Chen Chun‐Cheng , Wang Wei‐Chung , Ding Shinn‐Jyh 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCalcium silicate cement (CSC) has favorable biocompatible properties that may support its clinical use as bone defect repair. A hybrid cement was developed consisting of a chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) solution in a liquid phase and gelatin (GLT)‐containing calcium silicate powder in a solid phase. The combination of GLT and COS was chosen due to the benefits achieved from several synergistic effects and for their clinical applications. In this study, the in vitro physicochemical properties of CSC‐GLT‐COS hybrid cement were investigated. The results indicated that all cement specimens formed apatite spherulites in simulated body fluid (SBF) for as little as 1 h. After immersion in a Tris‐HCl solution, a pore structure appeared on all specimen surfaces without any precipitation. The presence of GLT did not adversely affect the physiochemical properties of CSC, even after 30 days of immersion. In contrast, COS could promote the degradation of CSC, as evidenced in the results of mechanical strength, weight loss, and ion concentration. The in vitro physiochemical properties of the hybrid cement makes it an attractive choice for dental and orthopedic applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Intraoral defect coverage with prelaminated epigastric fat flaps with human amniotic membrane in rats
Authors: Mücke Thomas , Loeffelbein Denys J. , Hölzle Frank , Slotta‐Huspenina Julia , Borgmann Anna , Kanatas Anastasios N. , Mitchell David A. , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Wolff Klaus‐Dietrich , Kesting Marco R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not wound healing after the use of microvascular anastomosed fat flaps prelaminated with human amniotic membrane, for intraoral defect coverage, is improved when compared wth wound healing of pure fat flaps. Methods: Microsurgical transplantation of the superficial epigastric fat flap prelaminated with HAM was evaluated using 47 Sprague‐Dawley rats. Standardized oral mucosa defects were created and covered by HAM or polyglactin910/polydioxanon patches only, prelaminated and bare flaps, uncovered or by HAM after flap insertion. After 7, 15, and 35 days, postoperatively, the flaps were reassessed. Results: The mean value of the defect size after 7 days was 47.73 ± 2.63 mm2 in the control, 48.63 ± 2.23 mm2 in the bare flaps covered by HAM after insertion, and 36.85 ± 2.79 mm2 in the prelaminated HAM group. The mean value of the wound closure time in all rats was 13.74 ± 2.05 days (range 11–18). Intraoral defects were covered with mucosa after 15.67 ± 1.66 days in the pure flap group and 11.89 ± 0.78 days in the HAM group (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Prelaminated flaps with HAM used in the repair of large mucosa defects complete epithelialization from the surrounding margins faster than bare flaps. Wound healing can be enhanced by using HAM as a prelaminated epithelial structure within microvascular anastomosed flaps. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Structural changes in BK7 glass upon exposure to femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Little Douglas J. , Ams Martin , Gross Simon , Dekker Peter , Miese Christopher T. , Fuerbach Alex , Withford Michael J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA general picture of refractive index change mechanisms in glass modified by a femtosecond laser has proven elusive. In this paper, Raman microscopy was used in conjunction with refractive near‐field profilometry to analyse the structure of borosilicate glass (Schott BK7) modified by a femtosecond laser and determine the mechanism of the observed refractive index change. For a pulse repetition rate of 1 kHz, it was determined that the refractive index change was due to an elevated population of non‐bridging oxygen atoms, resulting in more ionic bonds forming within the glass network and increasing the molar refractivity of the glass. For a pulse repetition rate of 5.1 MHz, the dominant mechanism of refractive index change was densification and rarefaction of the glass network. Different refractive index change mechanisms were attributed to different thermal conditions imparted to the glass under different pulse repetition rates. Implications for device fabrication are also discussed. These findings constitute an important step toward a complete overview of femtosecond‐laser‐induced refractive index change in glass. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy modeled with a delta probe pulse: application to rhodamine 6G
Authors: Qiu Xueqiong , Li Xiuting , Niu Kai , Lee Soo‐Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFemtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) typically uses a picosecond Raman pump and a ∼10 fs probe pulse. Such an ultrashort probe pulse is akin to a delta function (supercontinuum) pulse and the expressions for the third‐order polarization simplifies with a reduction in the four‐time correlation function to a three‐time correlation function. Assuming multimode harmonic potentials for the ground and excited states of the molecule, we obtain analytic expressions for the three‐time correlation functions which facilitate the computation of the third‐order polarizations for resonance Raman scattering, hot luminescence, and inverse Raman scattering terms, which contribute to the FSRS spectra from the ground vibrational state. The effects of Raman pump pulse temporal width, the vibrational dephasing time, the homogeneous damping constant, and the inhomogeneous damping constant on the Raman Stokes spectrum are also more readily studied. The resonance FSRS spectra of rhodamine 6G from the ground vibrational state with various resonance excitation wavelengths were calculated using a delta probe and shown to account well for the recent experimental results of Frontiera et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2008; 129: 064507 for both the Stokes and anti‐Stokes bands, as well as of Shim et al., ChemPhysChem. 2008; 9: 697. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glass‐embedded silver nanoparticle patterns by masked ion‐exchange process for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Chen Ya , Jaakola Janne J. , Säynätjoki Antti , Tervonen Ari , Honkanen Seppo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGlass‐embedded silver nanoparticle patterns were fabricated by masked silver–sodium ion‐exchange process followed by etching to reveal the particles for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The intensity of the enhanced Raman signal is comparable to that of the fluorescence, and the detection limit of 1 nM for Rhodamine 6G has been achieved. Raman images at different etching depths and corresponding morphological images are compared to find optimal SERS signal. Our results demonstrate that silver nanoparticle patterns embedded in glass can be used as SERS‐active substrates. Nanoparticles can be formed in a glass of high optical quality and have potential to be integrated with optical waveguides for a sensor chip. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nucleation and formation of oxide film with the magnetic field on dry sliding contact of ferromagnetic steel
Authors: Amirat Mohamed , Zaidi Hamid , Senouci Abdelhak 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe nucleation and formation of oxide film in unidirectional dry sliding contact has been studied in a vacuum chamber with and without the application of a magnetic field in the intention of identifying the role of magnetic intensity on the oxidation wear. The wear tests of the steel AISI 1045/steel AISI 1045 couple are investigated on a pin‐disc configuration under three various gas environments: in ambient air, under oxygen at 105 Pa and in vacuum at 5.10−5 Pa. The formation of oxide layer strongly depends on oxygen partial pressure and magnetic field intensity.These took the form of protective raised ‘islands’ of compacted debris which is developed gradually but rapidly increased as the oxygen partial pressure is increased and which could persist for extended periods during subsequent evacuation. Evidence from various experimental techniques indicates that the compacted debris is a mixture of iron oxides in the form of oxide‐covered particles, although the depth of oxide film has not yet been fully elucidated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A First Approach to White Organic Electroluminescence Device from a Single Rod‐Coil Poly[thiophene‐block‐(N‐vinylcarbazole)] Diblock Copolymer
Authors: Heo Mihee , Kim Jonggi , Kim Jin Young , Yang Changduk 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA rod‐coil block copolymer consisting of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) (P3HT‐b‐PVK) in a single molecular architecture is prepared as the first example for WOLEDs. By obtaining the phase separated domains in thin film of the resulting block copolymer, it is possible to suppress energy transfer from PVK as wide bandgap units to P3HT as low bandgap blocks, yielding dual emissions for white electroluminescence with CIE coordination of (0.34, 0.33). magnified image
Diagnostic accuracy of the magnetic resonance Parkinsonism index and the midbrain‐to‐pontine area ratio to differentiate progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson's disease and the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy
Authors: Hussl Anna , Mahlknecht Philipp , Scherfler Christoph , Esterhammer Regina , Schocke Michael , Poewe Werner , Seppi Klaus 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing magnetic resonance (MR) planimetry, both the midbrain‐to‐pontine area ratio (m/p‐ratio) and the MR parkinsonism index (MRPI) have been shown to assist in the differential diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) from Parkinson's disease (PD) and the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA‐P). The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the MRPI compared with the m/p‐ratio in a large cohort of 123 patients with neurodegenerative parkinsonism including patients with PSP, PD, and MSA‐P. Patients with PSP had significant higher MRPI values and significant smaller m/p‐ratios compared with the other groups with overlapping individual values. Overall predictive accuracy was similar for the m/p‐ratio (87.0%) and the MRPI (80.5%) with a predictive accuracy for PSP from MSA‐P being significantly better for the MRPI (87.5%) compared with the m/p‐ratio (75%) as well as a predictive accuracy for PSP from PD being significantly better for the m/p‐ratio (87.6%) compared with the MRPI (77.3%). Both the m/p‐ratio and the MRPI may assist the clinical differential diagnosis in neurodegenerative parkinsonism. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
A recommended scale for cognitive screening in clinical trials of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chou Kelvin L. , Amick Melissa M. , Brandt Jason , Camicioli Richard , Frei Karen , Gitelman Darren , Goldman Jennifer , Growdon John , Hurtig Howard I. , Levin Bonnie , Litvan Irene , Marsh Laura , Simuni Tanya , Tröster Alexander I. , Uc Ergun Y. ,   on behalf of the Parkinson Study Group Cognitive/Psychiatric Working Group
Published: September 2010

AbstractCognitive impairment is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). There is a critical need for a brief, standard cognitive screening measure for use in PD trials whose primary focus is not on cognition. The Parkinson Study Group (PSG) Cognitive/Psychiatric Working Group formed a Task Force to make recommendations for a cognitive scale that could screen for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in clinical trials of PD where cognition is not the primary outcome. This Task Force conducted a systematic literature search for cognitive assessments previously used in a PD population. Scales were then evaluated for their appropriateness to screen for cognitive deficits in clinical trials, including brief administration time (<15 minutes), assessment of the major cognitive domains, and potential to detect subtle cognitive impairment in PD. Five scales of global cognition met the predetermined screening criteria and were considered for review. Based on the Task Force's evaluation criteria the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), appeared to be the most suitable measure. This Task Force recommends consideration of the MoCA as a minimum cognitive screening measure in clinical trials of PD where cognitive performance is not the primary outcome measure. The MoCA still requires further study of its diagnostic utility in PD populations but appears to be the most appropriate measure among the currently available brief cognitive assessments. Widespread adoption of a single instrument such as the MoCA in clinical trials can improve comparability between research studies on PD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Regeneration and repair of peripheral nerves with different biomaterials: Review
Authors: Siemionow Maria , Bozkurt Mehmet , Zor Fatih 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury may cause gaps between the nerve stumps. Axonal proliferation in nerve conduits is limited to 10–15 mm. Most of the supportive research has been done on rat or mouse models which are different from humans. Herein we review autografts and biomaterials which are commonly used for nerve gap repair and their respective outcomes. Nerve autografting has been the first choice for repairing peripheral nerve gaps. However, it has been demonstrated experimentally that tissue engineered tubes can also permit lead to effective nerve repair over gaps longer than 4 cm repair that was previously thought to be restorable by means of nerve graft only. All of the discoveries in the nerve armamentarium are making their way into the clinic, where they are, showing great potential for improving both the extent and rate of functional recovery compared with alternative nerve guides. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
Mitochondrial redox potential during contraction in single intact muscle fibers
Authors: Michaelson Luke P. , Shi Guoli , Ward Chris W. , Rodney George G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlthough the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during muscle contractile activity has been linked to both positive and negative adaptive responses, the sites for ROS generation within working muscle are not clearly defined. We assessed cytosolic ROS production and mitochondrial redox potential with a targeted redox‐sensitive green fluorescent protein during repetitive field stimulation of single mature myofibers. Cytosolic ROS production increased by 94%, an effect that was abolished by pretreatment with the reducing agent dithiothreitol. Mitochondrial redox potential was not altered during muscle contraction. In contrast, activity‐dependent ROS production was ablated by an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. We provide the first report on dynamic ROS production from mitochondria in single living myofibers and suggest that the mitochondria are not the major source of ROS during skeletal muscle contraction. Alternatively, our data support a role for NADPH oxidase–derived ROS during contractile activity. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Coexistence of two chronic neuropathies in a young child: Charcot–marie–tooth disease type 1A and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Marques Wilson , Funayama Carolina A. R. , Secchin Juliana B. , Lourenço Charles M. , Gouvêa Silmara P. , Marques Vanessa D. , Bastos Patricia G. , Barreira Amilton A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report an 18‐month‐old Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A (CMT1A) patient who developed a rapid‐onset neuropathy, with proximal and distal weakness, and non‐uniform nerve conduction studies. The neuropathy responded well to immunomodulation, confirming the coexistence of an inherited and an inflammatory neuropathy. Unexpected clinical and/or electrophysiological manifestations in CMT1A patients should alert clinicians to concomitant inflammatory neuropathy. In addition, this association raises reflections about disease mechanism in CMT1A. Muscle Nerve, 2010
A coupled two‐scale computational scheme for the failure of periodic quasi‐brittle thin planar shells and its application to masonry
Authors: Mercatoris B. C. N. , Massart T. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a multi‐scale framework for the failure of periodic quasi‐brittle thin planar shells. The failure behavior of textured or periodic heterogeneous materials is strongly influenced by their mesostructure. Their periodicity and the quasi‐brittle nature of their constituents result in complex behaviors such as damage‐induced anisotropy properties with localization of damage, which are difficult to model by means of macroscopic closed‐form constitutive laws. A computational homogenization procedure is used for the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane behavior of such planar shells, and is combined with an acoustic tensor‐based failure detection adapted to shell kinematics to detect the structural‐scale failure. Based on an assumption of single period failure, the localization of damage at the structural scale is represented by means of mesostructurally informed embedded strong discontinuities incorporated in the macroscopic shell description. A new enhanced scale transition is outlined for shell failure, based on an approximate energy consistency argument to objectively upscale the energy dissipation. The corresponding multi‐scale framework results are compared with direct fine‐scale modeling results used as a reference for the case of masonry, showing good agreement in terms of the load‐bearing capacity, of failure mechanisms and of associated energy dissipation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multi‐objective optimization using distribution characteristics of reference data for reverse engineering
Authors: Hwang In‐Jin , Park Gyung‐Jin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAs different industries produce similar products, engineers tend to analyze the products of competitors and adopt the excellent merits in their current products. This process is called reverse engineering. There can be multiple target characteristics in reverse engineering. In many cases, the improved design from reverse engineering usually keeps the data distribution characteristics of the competitors unless the developed product is a fully new creative design. The distribution should be considered in reverse engineering. Therefore, the reverse engineering process can be modeled as multi‐objective optimization considering data distribution. Recently, Taguchi developed the Mahalanobis Taguchi system (MTS) technique to minimize the Mahalanobis distance (MD), which is defined by a multi‐objective function with data distribution. However, the MTS technique has the limit that the new design is not better than the mean values of the competitors. In this research, a function named as the skewed Mahalanobis distance (SMD) is proposed to overcome the drawbacks of the MTS technique. SMD is a new distance scale defined by multiplying the skewed value of a design point to MD. SMD is used instead of MD and the method is named the SMD method. The SMD method can always give a unique Pareto optimum solution. To verify the efficiency of the SMD method, a non‐convex mathematical example, a cantilever beam, and a practical automobile suspension system are optimized. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strong coupling schemes for interaction of thin‐walled structures and incompressible flows
Authors: von Scheven M. , Ramm E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe contribution addresses the specific physical sensitivity inherent in the interaction of slender structures like membranes or shells and instationary incompressible flows and its consequences for numerical solution schemes. Different partitioned strong coupling approaches are presented and compared with respect to their efficiency. In addition to the classical block Gauss–Seidel iteration and a Newton–Krylov approach, a two‐level coupling scheme is introduced. It is based on a coarse grid predictor followed by the usual iterative fine‐scale solution. The performance of the three coupling schemes is investigated applying a two‐dimensional model problem of a membrane roof. Three‐dimensional numerical examples demonstrate the mechanical and numerical sensitivity for these especially delicate fluid–structure interaction problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study on the prediction of the mechanical properties of nanoparticulate composites using the homogenization method with the effective interface concept
Authors: Cho Maenghyo , Yang Seunghwa , Chang Seongmin , Yu Suyoung 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA sequential multi‐scale homogenization method combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is developed for the mechanical characterization of nanoparticulate composites. In order to characterize the particle‐size effect of nanocomposites, the effective interface, which has been adopted in continuum micromechanics approaches, is considered as the characteristic phase. Owing to the existence of the interface and the size‐dependent elastic modulus that is observed from MD simulations, an analysis of the mechanical properties of nanocomposites with continuum micromechanics requires careful consideration of the particle‐concentration effect. Therefore, this study focuses on hierarchical information transfer from the molecular model to the continuum model through the homogenization method in lieu of an analytical micromechanics bridging method. Using the present multi‐scale homogenization method, the elastic properties of the effective interface are numerically evaluated and compared with the analytically obtained micromechanics solutions. In addition, the overall elastic modulus of nanocomposites is obtained from the present model and compared with the results of MD simulation, the micromechanics bridging model, and finite‐element analysis (FEA). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A weighted least squares particle‐in‐cell method for solid mechanics
Authors: Wallstedt P. C. , Guilkey J. E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA novel meshfree method is proposed that incorporates features of the material point (MPM) and generalized interpolation material point (GIMP) methods and can be used within an existing MPM/GIMP implementation. Weighted least squares kernel functions are centered at stationary grid nodes and used to approximate field values and gradients. Integration is performed over cells of the background grid and material boundaries are approximated with an implicit surface. The proposed method avoids nearest‐neighbor searches while significantly improving accuracy over MPM and GIMP. Implementation is discussed in detail and several example problems are solved, including one manufactured solution which allows measurement of dynamic, non‐linear, large deformation performance. Advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal investment and proportional reinsurance with constrained control variables
Authors: Liang Zhibin , Bai Lihua , Guo Junyi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper, under the criterion of maximizing the expected exponential utility from terminal wealth, we study the optimal investment and proportional reinsurance strategy for an insurance company. The closed‐form expressions for the optimal strategy and value function are derived not only for the compound Poisson risk model but also for the Brownian motion model. We can see that, with normal constraints on the control variables, the value function is still a classical solution to the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.