bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrospinning synthesis and structural characterization of manganese oxyborate (Mn2OBO3) necklace‐like nanofibers
Authors: Li Shuang , Leng Jing , Fan Ya , Fu Chengwei , Shen Hongzhi , Xue Yanfeng , Xu Dapeng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractManganese oxyborate (Mn2OBO3) necklace‐like nanofibers have been successfully synthesized by an electrospinning technique. First, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) PVP/[Mn(CH3COO)2 + H3BO3] composite fibers (average size of 300 ± 10 nm in diameter) were fabricated by an electrospinning method using a solution that contained PVP and manganese acetate and boric acid. Manganese oxyborate (Mn2OBO3) nanofibers were prepared by sintering the above composite fibers in air at 600, 700, and 800 °C, and the calcined nanofibers were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. After sintering at 600 °C, monoclinic phase Mn2OBO3 nanofibers of 180 ± 20 nm in diameter were successfully obtained. Morphology analysis showed that the surface of the 700 °C‐sintered Mn2OBO3 nanofibers (average size of 250 ± 20 nm in diameter) was rough and they had fiberlike structure with packed particles. The 800 °C‐sintered Mn2OBO3 fibers have necklace‐like morphology. The crystallite size of the nanoparticles contained in nanofibers increases from 100 to 200 nm with increasing calcination temperature between 700 and 800 °C. The morphology changes of the Mn2OBO3 nanofibers can be attributed to the grain growth during the calcinations process. The Raman spectrum of Mn2OBO3 was provided and assigned.
Structural and optical properties of ZnO films grown by atmospheric‐ pressure CVD methods using different source materials
Authors: Terasako Tomoaki , Taira Keisuke , Taniguchi Kouta , Yagi Masakazu , Shirakata Sho 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStructural and photoluminescence (PL) properties of ZnO films grown by atmospheric pressure CVD methods using the sources of Zn(C5H7O2)2H2O (ZnAA) ‐C2H5OH, ZnCl2‐C2H5OH and Zn‐H2O, were compared. For the ZnAA‐C2H5OH system, the influence of the crystalline imperfection was observed on the XRD pattern and the PL spectrum. RT PL spectrum of the highly c‐axis oriented film grown on the a ‐plane sapphire substrate using ZnCl2‐C2H5OH system exhibited a strong green band (GB) emission and a weak near‐band‐edge (NBE) emission. For the Zn‐H2O systems, the c ‐ and a‐axis oriented films were successfully grown on the c ‐ and r ‐plane sapphire substrates, respectively, and their PL spectra were dominated by the NBE emission. For the ZnCl2‐C2H5OH system, only the variation of the PL intensity ratio of the GB emission to the NBE emission by changing the supply ratio of C2H5OH to ZnCl2 was observed. For the Zn‐H2O system, however, the visible region PL changed from the red to the GB emission systematically by adjusting the supply ratio of H2O to Zn. The Zn‐H2O system was found to be the most suitable for the defect control. Low temperature PL measurements revealed that the accurate control of the supply ratio of the O source to the Zn source is an important factor for controlling not only the defects, but also for the concentration of the residual impurities. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of electrically pumped InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers on Si substrates by Au‐mediated wafer bonding
Authors: Tanabe Katsuaki , Guimard Denis , Bordel Damien , Iwamoto Satoshi , Arakawa Yasuhiko 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn electrically pumped 1.3 μm room‐temperature InAs/GaAs quantum dot laser on a Si substrate has been demonstrated with a threshold current density of 360 A/cm2. The double‐hetero laser structure was grown on a GaAs substrate by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition and layer‐transferred onto a Si substrate by GaAs/Si wafer bonding mediated by a 380‐nm‐thick Au‐Ge‐Ni alloy layer. We have demonstrated that insertion of a metal thin film in a wafer‐bonded GaAs/Si interface enhances interfacial electrical conductivity and suppresses optical leakage from the laser cavity into the substrate and therefore is suitable for III‐V‐on‐Si hybrid laser applications. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of the orbital hardness and the Kohn‐Sham radius on single monoatomic anions
Authors: Barrera Mauricio 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWithin the Kohn‐Sham framework and for a series of single charged monatomic anions, the orbital hardness is calculated as a change in the frontier eigenvalue, which is equivalent to integrate the local hardness function obtained through the derivative of the KS effective potential respect to the occupation number. The local hardness function is composed by the sum of two terms with opposite sign that describe the electrostatic and exchange‐correlation interactions. Moreover, it is found that, at the KS radii, the last term vanishes with the result that the orbital hardness of the anion is a measure of the electrostatic potential exerted by the frontier density at the KS radii. A further derivation leads to establish a direct relationship between hardness and the inverse of the KS radii. The polarizability of the anion is also examined by computing it from the volume of a sphere having the KS radii. These results show that anions from the halide group are hard and little polarizable, whereas anions from the alkali group are soft and highly polarizable. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Using a group decision support system to add value to group model building
Authors: Ackermann Fran , Andersen David F. , Eden Colin , Richardson George P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis note intends to contribute to the practice of group model building by presenting group model‐building scripts that can (1) create a preliminary problem boundary using less than one hour of group time, (2) convene discussions with the group that explicitly link dynamic structure with system behaviour, and (3) allow participants to “zoom” between a micro and a macro view of system structure. These scripts may be used during early phases of problem structuring. They build on an extended program of inquiry dating back to the Stirling System Dynamics Conference of 1994, and they utilize a well‐established group decision support system to facilitate group discussion, negotiation, and decision. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Financing the global supply chain: Growing need for management action
Authors: John Mathis F. , Cavinato Joseph 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article investigates a growing desire by companies to better manage the financing of the global Management Action supply chain and explores best practices. Supply‐chain managers and finance or treasury managers, however, live in different worlds, and integration does not come easily. The article argues that decentralized finance functions lead to financial inefficiencies. The authors identify five subarchitectures to competitive supply chains and argue that visualizing the supply chain financially is the first step to controlling and improving it. Finance is embedded in every step of the supply chain — and business model. Management guidelines of what to change, what to eliminate, and what to adapt are presented along with the new starting points of strategy and customers' ever‐changing needs. Consequently, the end game is profit maximization rather than only cost minimization, and both within acceptable risk parameters. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of host‐country corruption on U.S. and Chinese cross‐border acquisitions
Authors: Malhotra Shavin , Zhu PengCheng , Locander William 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDoes corruption in a target country create a similar effect on cross‐border acquisitions (CBAs) by firms from a developed and a developing country? This article empirically examines the relationship between corruption and CBAs by firms from China and the United States. Based on a combined sample of 10,236 completed acquisitions over the period of 1990–2006, the authors find that both Chinese and U.S. firms make a significantly greater number of acquisitions in less corrupt countries. However, unlike the U.S. CBAs, we find a significantly positive relationship between the transaction value of Chinese CBAs and the level of perceived corruption in the target country. It is suggested that having been schooled in weaker institutions themselves, Chinese firms may find it easier to deal with corrupt conditions in target countries, giving them an advantage over firms from less corrupt countries. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What determines performance of cross‐border M&As by Chinese companies? An absorptive capacity perspective
Authors: Deng Ping 
Published: October 2010

AbstractChinese companies are increasingly using cross‐border merger and acquisitions (M&As) as a vehicle to source knowledge or strategic assets, so as to enhance their competitive advantage. However, a critical question is: Can strategic assets be effectively acquired by Chinese firms, thereby leading to superior firm performance? This article addresses this fundamental question from an absorptive capacity perspective. This approach concentrates on how an acquiring firm's absorptive capacity influences its ability to identify, assimilate, integrate, and apply external new knowledge into commercial use. By comparatively examining two high‐profile international M&A deals completed by leading Chinese firms Lenovo and TCL, we argue that the performance of Chinese companies' overseas acquisitions is substantially affected by the acquiring firm's absorptive capacity at multiple dimensions, thus drawing strategic implications for multinationals in other emerging markets. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An emerging Asian niche market for exports
Authors: Amarasena Anura , Colombage Sisira R. N. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe primary aim of this article is to explore the potential of the Australia‐Sri Lanka trade relationship. In achieving this, the business climates of both markets that are considered vital to effective trading are discussed in detail. Thus, the article analyzes, explores, and provides the rationale for tagging Sri Lanka as an emerging niche market for exports. This research article preserves its originality in providing vital analysis and trends in international business between the two countries, which is beneficial not only for potential exporters in the rest of the world, but also for the academics and economic policymakers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Business strategies for multinational intellectual property protection
Authors: Aggarwal Raj 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIntellectual property protection and management (IPPM) are important operational and strategic issues especially for global companies. Most prior discussions of this topic focus heavily on the legal aspects of this topic. However, by the time legal action becomes necessary, the stakes and costs have risen to very high levels for all parties. This article argues that the nonlegal aspects of IPPM are perhaps more important in practice and can be designed to forestall or limit more expensive legal action. This article provides some guidelines and practical advice for companies that would like to improve their IPPM processes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploration of firms' strategic control mechanisms in Australia and the United States: Implications for global governance structures
Authors: Duncan Keith , Kiessling Timothy , Harvey Michael 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHow much ownership is enough to exert strategic control over partners in the global marketplace? Top management frequently will attempt to have strategic influence over partners when it comes to the strategic direction of the organization. The question becomes, “what gives one partner control over another, and where does that power come from in the relationship?” This research examines the issue of strategic control in organizations in Australia and the United States to determine how to control global relationships. The research found that: (1) ownership is positively related to the degree of strategic control; (2) directness of ownership is positively related to the degree of strategic control; (3) dispersion is negatively related to the degree of strategic control; (4) board membership is positively related to the degree of strategic control; and (5) strategic control between U.S. and Australian organizations/relationships is different. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of sovereign wealth funds in global financial intermediation
Authors: Jory Surendranath R. , Perry Mark J. , Hemphill Thomas A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSovereign wealth funds (SWFs) have experienced tremendous growth lately. Their combined wealth is currently estimated at $3 trillion, and the International Monetary Fund estimates that they will continue to grow to $10 trillion by 2012. SWFs' recent investments in the United States and Europe have been the focus of media and government scrutiny, given that a number of SWFs are not transparent, and emanate from authoritarian regimes, which are not political allies of the West. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview, along with detailed summary statistics on various aspects of SWFs. We also provide recommendations to facilitate SWFs' role in global financial intermediation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biological applications of gold nanorods
Authors: Stone John , Jackson Stephen , Wright David 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGold nanoparticles have been used as an additive for aesthetic purposes for centuries. However, only in the last decade scientists have begun to understand the fundamental concepts that explain the fascinating optical properties nanoscale particles possess. Gold nanoparticles may be tuned to absorb and scatter light in the visible to near‐infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These properties result from the collective oscillations of electrons along the metal surface and can be altered by changing the particles' shape, size, or environment. Gold nanoparticles having a rod‐like morphology are of particular interest because of their anisotropic shape. The absorption profile of gold nanorods includes two absorption bands: one due to light absorbed along the short axis (transverse) and the other due to absorption along the long axis (longitudinal). As the rod length increases, so does the longitudinal band red shift together with an increase in the extinction coefficient. As a result of this optical control and sensitivity to changes in local environment, gold nanorods are useful materials for sensing, photothermal therapy, and imaging. This article highlights established and emerging applications of gold nanorods as a platform for viable biological tools. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 100–109 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.120This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Solvothermal Syntheses and Structure of a New Polyoxomolybdate Functionalized with Carboxyphosphonate
Authors: Wang Wei‐Nan , Li Jing , Sun Zhen‐Gang , Tong Fei , Zhu Yan‐Yu , Xu Lin , Gong Jian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new functionalized polyoxomolybdate [(HOOCC5H9NCH2PO3)2Mo5O15]4– (1) was synthesized by solvothermal reaction at 120 °C and structurally characterized by X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction, X‐ray powder diffraction as well as with infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The title polyoxoanion consists of a ring of five distorted MoO6 octahedra linked through four edge‐sharing and one corner‐sharing junctions. Two pending carboxyphosphonate ligands are attached on opposite sides of the ring by the two PO3 groups. As a result the two dangling arms with their terminal carboxylate groups protrude away from the {Mo5O15} framework in diametrically opposed directions. Each Mo5‐ring is further connected to adjacent Mo5‐ring through hydrogen bonds, which consist in the protonated nitrogen atoms, the carboxyl oxygen atoms from L3– ligands and oxygen atoms from {Mo5O15} cluster to form a 2D framework structure.
Supramolecular Architectures with Open Frameworks Constructed by Transitional Metal Ions, Linear Dicarboxylic Acid, and 2,2′‐Bipyridine
Authors: Sun Chang‐Yan , Dong Bin , Lv Qiong , Zheng Xiang‐Jun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFour new transitional metal supramolecular architectures, [Zn(cca)(2,2′‐bpy)]n·n(2,2′‐bpy) (1), [Cu(cca)(2,2′‐bpy)]n (2), [Zn(bpdc)(2,2′‐bpy)(H2O)]n·0.5nDMF·1.5nH2O (3), and [Co(bpdc)(2,2′‐bpy)(H2O)]n·nH2O (4) (H2cca = p‐carboxycinnamic acid; H2bpdc = 4,4′‐biphenyldicarboxylic acid; 2,2′‐bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) were synthesized by hydrothermal reactions and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analyses, and IR spectroscopy. Although the metal ions in these four compounds are bridged by linear dicarboxylic acid into 1D infinite chains, there are different π–π stacking interactions between the chains, which results in the formation of different 3D supramolecular networks. Compound 1 is of a 3D open‐framework with free 2,2′‐bpy molecules in the channels, whereas compound 2 is of a complicated 3D supramolecular network. Compounds 3 and 4 are isostructural. Both compounds have open‐frameworks.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Physical Properties of a Barium(II) p‐(Carboxyl‐methyloxy)‐benzenecarboxylic Acid Complex
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Feng , Yu Li , Wei Hao , Wu Gang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA coordination polymer [Ba(pcmb)(H2O)2.5] (1) was obtained by self‐assembly of the corresponding metal carbonate with a flexible ligand, p‐(carboxyl‐methyloxy)‐benzenecarboxylic acid (H2pcmb), and its structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The result revealed that complex 1 has a three‐dimensional structure, in which the barium(II) atom takes a distorted eight‐coordinate bicapped anti‐prism arrangement. The pcmb2– anion acts as a μ4‐bridge ligand, in which carboxylate groups adopt monodentate and μ3‐η2:η1‐bridging two different coordination models to generate a three‐dimensional network structure. The luminescence property and thermal stability of 1 were investigated.
A Chemical View of the Giant Au102(SR)44 (SR = P‐Mercaptobenzoic Acid) Cluster: Metalloid Aluminum and Gallium Clusters as Path Making Examples of This Novel Type Open Our Eyes for Structure and Bonding of Metalloid Aun(SR)m (n > m) Clusters
Authors: Schnöckel Hansgeorg , Schnepf Andreas , Whetten Robert L. , Schenk Christian , Henke Patrick 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe outstanding position of metalloid clusters as intermediates between the bulk metals and bulk salts on the one hand and of naked metal atom clusters and salt‐like clusters on the other hand is described first. Subsequently, a different more chemical description of structure and bonding of a recently published gold‐thiolate Au102(SR)44 cluster based on the results of aluminum‐/gallium clusters is presented., This comparison shows that there is no principal but only a gradual difference between the Au102 cluster and the large number of metalloid aluminum‐/gallium clusters: both have a metalloid character, i.e. there is a highly mixed valent bonding situation of the metal atoms involved. Therefore these clusters represent a highly complex system and are far from being only nanoscaled metal particles surrounded by a shell of protecting ligands. In detail this comparison shows that the metalloid gold and the aluminum‐/gallium clusters are similar in the center, as these metal‐metal interactions are energetically similar to those of the metallic solid state. However, there are significant differences between metalloid gold and aluminum‐/gallium clusters in the outer regions since the interactions of the metal atoms of the outer shell with the ligands are different: i.e. in contrast to strong Al–ligand interactions there are weaker Au–ligand bonds. Furthermore it will be shown that the special Au–ligand interactions of the Au102 cluster, which have been discussed as a novel staple motif so far, might be better attributed to the well established structural chemistry of AuI species. To sum up, structure and bonding of metalloid gold clusters, even if they have not been structurally characterized in detail, like the well‐known Schmid cluster, show that they belong to the family of metalloid clusters like the large number of aluminum‐/gallium ones; i.e. they have to be seen in a novel light. Consequently, these conclusions may have a large impact on the great variety of investigations of surface reactions between crystalline gold surfaces and sulfur‐containing molecules.
Synthesis and Structure of a Rare Unsolvated Bis(amidinato) Lanthanide Chloride, (Piso)2CeCl (Piso = [tBuC(NAr)2]–, Ar = C6H3iPr2–2,6)
Authors: Dröse Peter , Hrib Cristian G. , Hilpert Liane , Edelmann Frank T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUse of the very bulky amidinate ligand [tBuC(NAr)2]–(= Piso, Ar = C6H3iPr2–2,6) allowed the synthesis and structural characterization of the chloro‐functional complex (Piso)2CeCl (1). Complex 1 represents a rare example of an unsolvated bis(amidinato) lanthanide chloride. An X‐ray diffraction study confirmed the presence of a pentacoordinate cerium(III) complex.
Normal development of the knee angle in healthy Indian children: A clinical study of 215 children
Authors: Saini Uttam Chand , Bali Kamal , Sheth Binoti , Gahlot Nitesh , Gahlot Arushi 
Published: October 2010

Purpose Physicians should be aware of the physiological variations of the knee angle in the local population to avoid unnecessary intervention in normal children. The normal development of the knee angle in children has been studied in various ethnic groups. However, there is a scarcity of such literature for Indian children. Methods Using clinical methods, the tibiofemoral angles (TFAs) were measured in 215 healthy Indian children ranging from 2 to 15 years of age. A record of the intermalleolar distance (IMD) and intercondylar distance (ICD) was also kept of all of the subjects. Results We found that physiological varus rarely persists beyond 2 years of age in Indian children. A progressive increase in knee valgus occurs after 2 years of age, with peak knee valgus averaging almost 8° at around 6 years of age. Thereafter, the valgus at the knee decreases and, after the age of 10 years, stabilizes to around 4–5° in most of the children. Indian girls show, overall, more valgus alignment of the knees as compared to boys. Conclusions The overall pattern of development might be slightly different in Indian children, especially in Indian girls, with early reversal of physiological varus (<2 years of age) and a late peak of maximal valgus at the knee (6 years of age). Varus after 3 years seems atypical for Indian children. We provide an elaborate set of data for the mean TFA of different age groups and believe that this data could be of potential benefit to the physicians while evaluating lower limb alignment in Indian children aged 2–15 years.