bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the mother's preceding pregnancies on fetal development and postnatal survival of the neonate, in normal pregnancy. An immunological phenomenon?
Authors: Vernier Michel C. , Mackenzie C.J.G. , Schulzer Michael , Vernier Pierre R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives:The objective of this study is to test for an association between the sex of conceptuses of the mother's preceding pregnancies and fetal development and early neonatal survival in normal pregnancy.Methods:A population of 27,243 neonates, including a subsample of 7,773 “newborn/mother/placenta units” were divided into cohorts according to the sex of the neonate and the sex and number of conceptuses of the mother's preceding pregnancies. The average birth weight, placenta weight and early neonatal mortality rate were measured for each cohort and compared. The “dose effect” of preceding pregnancy was tested by linear and quadratic regression analysis, and by chi‐square trend test for linearity of proportions.Results:The results have shown an association between these three variables and the preceding pregnancies of the mother. Fetal development and early survival of the neonate are positively associated with the mother's preceding pregnancies of same sex as the neonate, and negatively associated with the preceding pregnancies of opposite sex to the neonate. The strength of the phenomenon increases with parity, at least for the first three parities. The association is statistically significant.Conclusions:The association between fetal development and neonatal survival and preceding pregnancies of the mother would be compatible with the action of male and female specific antigens capable of affecting selective implantation of blastocysts, which commands subsequent fetal development as well as early neonatal survival. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:708‐715, 2010. © 2010Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paleopathology and the origin of agriculture in the Levant
Authors: Eshed Vered , Gopher Avi , Pinhasi Ron , Hershkovitz Israel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study addresses changes in health which were consequential to the Neolithic transition in the southern Levant, judged on the basis of the study of specific and nonspecific stress indicators, trauma, and degenerative joint disease in 200 Natufian (hunter‐gatherer) skeletons (10,500–8300 BC) and 205 Neolithic (agricultural) skeletons (8300–5500 BC) from the southern Levant. The comparison of the health profiles of pre‐Neolithic (Natufian) and Neolithic populations reveals a higher prevalence of lesions indicative of infectious diseases among the Neolithic population, and an overall reduction in the prevalence of skull trauma among males. No change over time was observed in the prevalence of degenerative joint disease. These results indicate that in the southern Levant the Neolithic transition did not simply lead to an overall deterioration in health but rather resulted in a complex health profile which was shaped by 1) an increase exposure to disease agents, 2) changes in diet, 3) population aggregation in larger and denser settlements, 4) changes in activity patterns and the division of labor, and possibly 5) a higher resistant immunological system and response capacity to environmental aggressions (mainly infections). Am J Phys Anthropol 143:121–133, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional shape change in adult facial bone curvature with age
Authors: Williams Shanna E. , Slice Dennis E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLife expectancies have increased dramatically over the last 100 years, affording greater opportunities to study the impact of age on adult craniofacial morphology. This article employs a novel application of established geometric morphometric methods to examine shape differences in adult regional facial bone curvature with age. Three‐dimensional semilandmarks representing the curvature of the orbits, zygomatic arches, nasal aperture, and maxillary alveolar process were collected from a cross‐sectional cranial sample of mixed sex and ancestry (male and female; African‐ and European‐American), partitioned into three age groups (young adult = 18–39; middle‐aged = 40–59 years; and elderly = 60+ years). Each facial region's semilandmarks were aligned into a common coordinate system via generalized Procrustes superimposition. Regional variation in shape was then explored via a battery of multivariate statistical techniques. Age‐related shape differences were detected in the orbits, zygomatic arches, and maxillary alveolar process. Interactions between age, sex, and ancestry were also identified. Vector plots revealed patterns of superoinferior compression, lateral expansion, and posterior recession depending on the population/subpopulation, location, and age groups examined. These findings indicate that adult craniofacial curvature shape is not static throughout human life. Instead, age‐related spatial modifications occur in various regions of the craniofacial skeleton. Moreover, these regional alterations vary not only through time, but across human populations and the sexes. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:437‐447, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective solid‐phase extraction of naphazoline using imprinted polymers as matrix prepared by precipitation polymerization
Authors: Xu Lan , Lv Ruihong , Wang Yaqiong , Gao Jiuzhi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) for drug naphazoline (NAZ) have been synthesized by precipitation polymerization. The effect of the dispersive solvents dichloromethane (DCM), acetonitrile (ACN), and Methanol (MeOH) on particle size and morphology of MIP (P1, P2, and P3) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The selectivity of P1, compared with nonimprinted polymer (NIP), C8 and C18 were evaluated via static adsorption using UV spectrophotometer. The result showed that the bond amount of P1 for NAZ was significantly higher than other sorbents. The P1 were applied as a solid‐phase extraction (SPE) stationary phase to extract the NAZ from nasal drops and recoveries of more than 89% (relative standard deviations, RSD <5%) were obtained by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) analyses. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Ammonium polyphosphate/montmorillonite nanocompounds in polypropylene
Authors: Yi Deqi , Yang Rongjie 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAmmonium polyphosphate (APP)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocompounds were prepared. The crystal forms and morphologies of the nanocompounds were studied by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. The APP/MMT nanocompounds were applied to intumescent flame‐retarded polypropylene (PP) composites. The PP composites were studied by using oxygen index measurements, UL‐94 flame testing, thermogravimetric analysis, and mechanical measurement. It was found that the APP/MMT nanocompounds enhanced the flame retardancy of the IFR/PP compared with the form II APP and its mixture with micro‐MMT. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Two‐dimensional electrolyte nature of exfoliated montmorillonite nanoplatelets fabricated by soap‐free emulsion polymerization and their affinity for cations
Authors: Lee Chia‐Hsin , Weng Ting Hsiang , Liu Ken Yen , Lin Keng Jen , Lin King‐Fu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMontmorillonite (MMT) nanoplatelets, fabricated by the exfoliation of MMT during participating in the soap‐free emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate, were well‐dispersed in water and performed like a two‐dimensional electrolyte. Their ionic conductivity roughly follows the Manning's limiting law for the conduction of a polyelectrolyte. The dissociated MMT nanoplatelets that carry negative charges in water were able to rapidly adsorb cations, such as tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)) and methylene blue (MB+), and recover into a smectic configuration floating as a separating phase. By using the Langmuir equation, we were able to estimate the occupied surface areas of MMT nanoplatelets by each Ru(bpy) and MB+ cations as 4.708 and 1.806 nm2/ion, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Applied analysis and identification of ancient lacquer based on pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Honda Takayuki , Lu Rong , Kitano Nobuhiko , Kamiya Yoshimi , Miyakoshi Tetsuo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThree lacquer samples taken from a “four‐eared” pottery container, which was designated an important National Cultural Property of Japan excavated in 16–17th century ruins of Kyoto City, were analyzed by pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to determine the source of the lacquer. It is an unexpected result that the lacquer in this pottery container is actually used by Melanorrhoea usitata. Alkylbenzene and alkenylbenzene as cleavage pieces of undecylbenzene (MW = 232 g/mol) and undecenylbenzene (MW = 230 g/mol), which are products of the pyrolysis of thitsiol, were detected in all three samples. Moreover, ω‐phenylalkylcatechols and ω‐phenylalkylphenols, which are the specific components of M. usitata, were also detected by Py‐GC/MS, suggesting that lacquer sap of M. usitata was used by the Japanese people in the 16–17th centuries. In addition, Japanese lacquer culture and the advantages of the Py‐GC/MS method for lacquer analysis are discussed in detail. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Study on micellization of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐butyl acrylate) macromonomers in aqueous solution
Authors: Zheng Siqi , Shi Shuxian , Xia Yuzheng , Wu Qijiayu , Su Zhiqiang , Chen Xiaonong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA kind of thermo‐sensitive macromonomer, styrene‐terminated poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐butyl acrylate) [P(NIPAm‐BA)] has been synthesized in this work. With the help of ultraviolet spectrum (UV), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), potentiometric titration and dynamic light scattering (DLS), the molecular structure, thermo‐sensitive characteristics, and micellization behaviors of this kind of macromonomer have been investigated. The obtained results demonstrate that, the molecular structure of thermo‐sensitive macromonomer, including the content of comonomer unit on the backbones and the variety of terminal groups, has great influence on its low critical solution temperature (LCST) and critical micelle concentration (CMC). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Seaweed as novel biofiller in polypropylene composites
Authors: Luan Lixing , Wu Wei , Wagner Manfred H. , Mueller Marco 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBased on former exploratory research, we used seaweed (SW) fiber as a novel biofiller for the production of polypropylene (PP) biocomposites. Maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (MAPP) and a CNT masterbatch (CESA) were applied as compatibilizers. Mechanical properties, crystallization behavior, dynamic mechanical performance as well as interfacial morphology were characterized. SW fiber was successfully incorporated in the PP matrix in terms of mechanical reinforcement. Accelerated crystallization process of PP matrix was observed. DMA results also indicated the favorable adhesion between SW fiber and PP matrix, which could be confirmed by SEM characterization. The effect and efficiency of MAPP and CESA as compatibilizers were evaluated. Moreover, potential flame retardancy of SW fibers for PP matrix was observed, and satisfying results warrant further investigations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of weak reductant on properties of electroless copper polyacrylonitrile nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Tsao Keng‐Yu , Chen Chang‐Cheng , Huang Chi‐Yuan , Tsai Ching‐Shan , Yang Sung‐Yeng , Yeh Jen‐Taut , Chen Kan‐Nan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this work, the electroless copper method with different reductant compositions (NaHSO3/Na2 S2O3·5H2O and Na2S2O3·5H2O) without sensitizing and activating, was used to deposit copper‐sulfide deposition on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) surface for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. The weak reductant, NaHSO3, in the electroless copper method was used to control the phase of copper‐sulfide deposition. The Cux(x=1–1.8)S was deposited on the PAN (CuxS‐PAN) by reductant composition (NaHSO3/Na2S2O3·5H2O) and the Cux(x=1–1.8)S deposition of CuxS‐PAN possesses three kinds of copper‐sulfide phases (CuS, Cu1.75S and Cu1.8S). However, the electroless copper with reductant was only Na2S2O3·5H2O (without weak reductant, NaHSO3), the hexagonal CuS deposition was plated on the PAN (CuS‐PAN) and increased the EMI shielding effectiveness of CuS‐PAN composites about 10–15 dB. In this study, the best EMI SE of CuS‐PAN and CuxS‐PAN composites were about 27–30 dB and 15–17 dB respectively, as the cupric ion concentration was 0.24 M. The volume resistivity of CuS‐PAN composite was about 1000 times lower than that of CuxS‐PAN composite and lowest volume resistivity of CuS‐PAN composites was 0.012 Ω cm, as the cupric ion concentration was 0.24 M. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Improvement of tensile properties of ramie yarns by applying a winding machine with heat treatment
Authors: Zhu Lu , Ren Baosheng , Goda Koichi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA winding machine with heat treatment was newly developed to strengthen ramie yarns. During the treatment process, ramie yarn in normal or wet state was wound on a winding machine and passed continuously through a heater at 100 and 150°C, respectively, with different winding speeds and tensions. Higher tensile strength and stiffness of ramie yarn was achieved after heat treatment on wet yarn and winding speed had a significant influence on the tensile properties of yarns. However, a little decline in tensile strength was found for ramie yarns after heat treatment in normal state. This implies that the water‐swollened structure of ramie yarn during the heat treatment is crucial in strengthening yarns. In the case of heat treatment on wet yarns, the effect of winding tension on the tensile properties of yarns was studied. It was found that the tensile strengths and Young's moduli of ramie yarns first increased and then reached equilibrium as the winding tension was increased. The crystallinity calculated from X‐ray diffraction diagrams showed a slight decrease in heat‐treated ramie yarns whereas the crystalline orientation factors had no appreciable change. It was considered that the improved effect was related to the more oriented molecular chains in amorphous region and optimized yarn structure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation, characterization, and polymerization of novel maleimidobenzoxazine containing carboxylic moiety and its cocuring behaviors with epoxy resin
Authors: Zhong Hailin , Lu Yanbing , Chen Junren , Xu Weijian , Liu Xi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA novel benzoxazine containing maleimide and carboxylic moieties, 1‐[3‐(4‐carboxylphenyl)‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[e][1,3]‐oxazin‐6‐yl]maleimide (Mal‐Bz‐Co), was synthesized and the structure was identified by 1H‐NMR and FTIR. Mal‐Bz‐Co exhibited good solubility in common organic solvents. The cure behavior of Mal‐Bz‐Co and cocure behavior of Mal‐Bz‐Co with o‐cresol formaldehyde epoxy resin were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Results indicated that Mal‐Bz‐Co showed a single curing exothermic peak at about 238.3°C. However, the maximum curing temperature (Tp) decreased to 146.1°C when Mal‐Bz‐Co cocured with o‐cresol formaldehyde epoxy resin in the molar ratio of 1 : 1. The Tp was about 92°C lower than that of Mal‐Bz‐Co. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that high‐decomposition temperature and char yield were observed for the cured resins of Mal‐Bz‐Co and Mal‐Bz‐Co/o‐CFER. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Exogenous and endogenous protease inhibitors in the gut of the fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Lwalaba Digali , Weidlich Sandy , Hoffmann Klaus H. , Woodring Joseph 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA dose‐dependent inhibition of endogenous trypsin and aminopeptidase occurs in the lumen of Spodoptera frugiperda after feeding L6 larvae exogenous inhibitors soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), tosyl‐L‐lysine chloromethyl ketone‐HCl (TLCK), or bestatin, respectively, for 3 days. TLCK inhibits trypsin in tissue extracts and in secretions more strongly than SBTI. The aminopeptidase released into the lumen (containing the peritrophic membrane) is strongly inhibited by bestatin, but the membrane‐bound enzyme is not. A bound enzyme may be more resistant to an inhibitor than unbound. A cross‐class elevation of aminopeptidase activity occurs in response to ingested trypsin inhibitor, but there was no cross‐class effect of aminopeptidase inhibitor (bestatin) on trypsin activity. An endogenous trypsin and aminopeptidase inhibitor is present in the lumen and ventricular cells. The strength of the endogenous trypsin inhibition seems to be in the same range as that resulting from ingestion of the exogenous inhibitor SBTI. In some insect species, considerable trypsin secretion occurs in unfed as well as in fed animals, and endogenous protease inhibitors might function to protect the ventricular epithelium by inactivation of trypsin when less food is available. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quick dissection of the segmental bronchi
Authors: Nakajima Yuji 
Published: May 2010

AbstractKnowledge of the three‐dimensional anatomy of the bronchopulmonary segments is essential for respiratory medicine. This report describes a quick guide for dissecting the segmental bronchi in formaldehyde‐fixed human material. All segmental bronchi are easy to dissect, and thus, this exercise will help medical students to better understand the bronchopulmonary segments. Anat Sci Educ 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Visioning future emergency healthcare collaboration: Perspectives from large and small medical centers
Authors: Söderholm Hanna M. , Sonnenwald Diane H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNew video technologies are emerging to facilitate collaboration in emergency healthcare. One such technology is 3D telepresence technology for medical consultation (3DMC) that may provide richer visual information to support collaboration between medical professionals to, ideally, enhance patient care in real time. Today only an early prototype of 3DMC exists. To better understand 3DMC's potential for adoption and use in emergency healthcare before large amounts of development resources are invested we conducted a visioning study. That is, we shared our vision of 3DMC with emergency room physicians, nurses, administrators, and information technology (IT) professionals working at large and small medical centers, and asked them to share their perspectives regarding 3DMC's potential benefits and disadvantages in emergency healthcare and its compatibility and/or lack thereof with their and their organization's current ways of working. We found that social and technical challenges can be identified regarding new innovations even before working prototypes are available. The compatibility of 3DMC with current ways of working was conceptualized by participants in terms of processes, relationships, and resources. Both common and unique perceptions regarding 3DMC emerged, illustrating the need for 3DMC, and other collaboration technologies, to support interwoven situational awareness across different technological frames.
HAADS: A Hebrew Aramaic abbreviation disambiguation system
Authors: HaCohen‐Kerner Yaakov , Kass Ariel , Peretz Ariel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn many languages abbreviations are very common and are widely used in both written and spoken language. However, they are not always explicitly defined and in many cases they are ambiguous. This research presents a process that attempts to solve the problem of abbreviation ambiguity using modern machine learning (ML) techniques. Various baseline features are explored, including context‐related methods and statistical methods. The application domain is Jewish Law documents written in Hebrew and Aramaic, which are known to be rich in ambiguous abbreviations. Two research approaches were implemented and tested: general and individual. Our system applied four common ML methods to find a successful integration of the various baseline features. The best result was achieved by the SVM ML method in the individual research, with 98.07% accuracy.
Science overlay maps: A new tool for research policy and library management
Authors: Rafols Ismael , Porter Alan L. , Leydesdorff Loet 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe present a novel approach to visually locate bodies of research within the sciences, both at each moment of time and dynamically. This article describes how this approach fits with other efforts to locally and globally map scientific outputs. We then show how these science overlay maps help benchmarking, explore collaborations, and track temporal changes, using examples of universities, corporations, funding agencies, and research topics. We address their conditions of application and discuss advantages, downsides, and limitations. Overlay maps especially help investigate the increasing number of scientific developments and organizations that do not fit within traditional disciplinary categories. We make these tools available online to enable researchers to explore the ongoing sociocognitive transformations of science and technology systems.
Triazole‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Palladium and Platinum and Efficient Aqueous Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction
Authors: Gu Shaojin , Xu Hui , Zhang Na , Chen Wanzhi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractImidazolium salts bearing triazole groups are synthesized via a copper catalyzed click reaction, and the silver, palladium, and platinum complexes of their N‐heterocyclic carbenes are studied. [Ag4(L1)4](PF6)4, [Pd(L1)Cl](PF6), [Pt(L1)Cl](PF6) (L1=3‐((1‐benzyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)‐1‐(pyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐imidazolylidene), [Pd2(L2)2Cl2](PF6)2, and [Pd(L2)2](PF6)2 (L2=1‐butyl‐3‐((1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)imidazolylidene) have been synthesized and fully characterized by NMR, elemental analysis, and X‐ray crystallography. The silver complex [Ag4(L1)4](PF6)4 consists of a Ag4 zigzag chain. The complexes [Pd(L1)Cl](PF6) and [Pt(L1)Cl](PF6), containing a nonsymmetrical NCN′ pincer ligand, are square planar with a chloride trans to the carbene donor. [Pd2(L2)2Cl2](PF6)2 consists of two palladium centers with CN2Cl coordination mode, whereas the palladium in [Pd(L2)2](PF6)2 is surrounded by two carbene and two triazole groups with two uncoordinated pyridines. The palladium compounds are highly active for Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reactions of aryl bromides and 1,1‐dibromo‐1‐alkenes in neat water under an air atmosphere.
Susceptibility to the Shepard illusion in participants with autism: reduced top‐down influences within perception?
Authors: Mitchell Peter , Mottron Laurent , Soulières Isabelle , Ropar Danielle 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPrevious research [Ropar & Mitchell, 2002] has shown that autistic individuals are somewhat immune to biases induced by top‐down processes, particularly the influence of previous knowledge on perception. In order to test this hypothesis within perception, 18 participants with autism who had measured intelligence in the normal range were compared against 18 matched controls in their susceptibility to the Shepard illusion. The illusion consists in misperceiving the shape of a parallelogram in the presence of depth cues. It is attributed [Mitchell, Ropar, Ackroyd, & Rajendran, 2005] to the effect of top‐down constraints within perception. The task involved adjusting a stimulus to the dimensions of a template on a computer screen. Both groups were susceptible to the illusion and the illusion effect was stronger when three‐dimensional perspective cues were prominent. Notably, participants with autism were less susceptible to the illusion than typically developing individuals. The findings raise the possibility that in some instances top‐down influences are attenuated in individuals with autism.