bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diachronic trends of employment outcome of prevocational training in psychiatric rehabilitation
Authors: Gournellis Rossetos J , Triantafillou Eugenia S , Madianos Michael G , Tsinia Niki N , Ploumpidis Dimitris N , Tomaras Vlassis D 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
Although many rehabilitation programmes of prevocational training for chronic mentally ill persons living in the community have been funded, there is scarce literature about the diachronic trends of their long-term employment outcome. Thus the aim of the present study was to compare the 2-year employment outcome of three groups of chronic psychiatric outpatients, having attended similar prevocational rehabilitation programmes in different periods of time.

Methods
The first group (1984 to 1986) comprised 67 rehabilitees, the second (1988 to 1989) 53 rehabilitees and the third (2000 to 2001) 56 rehabilitees. The three groups were compared with regard to employment follow-up achievements and hospitalisation rates assessed at the end of the 2-year follow-up period by a constructed overall index, encompassing employment qualitative and quantitative characteristics.

Results
The third group compared to the first and second ones presented a worse employment outcome. No differences were found among the three groups with regard to hospitalisation rates.

Conclusions
There has been a decline in the employment outcome of prevocational training during the current decade. This decline can be attributed to contextual adverse factors such as unemployment, a more demanding labour market and disability allowances offered by the state (the 'benefit trap'). Moreover, the training itself may be 'old-fashioned' enough, thus providing the trainees with inadequate skills to obtain and maintain a competitive job.
Complications related to deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis in trauma: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Datta Indraneel , Ball Chad G , Rudmik Lucas , Hameed S Morad , Kortbeek John B 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDeep venous thrombosis prophylaxis is essential to the appropriate management of multisystem trauma patients. Without thromboprophylaxis, the rate of venous thrombosis and subsequent pulmonary embolism is substantial. Three prophylactic modalities are common: pharmacologic anticoagulation, mechanical compression devices, and inferior vena cava filtration. A systematic review was completed using PRISMA guidelines to evaluate the potential complications of DVT prophylactic options. Level one evidence currently supports the use of low molecular weight heparins for thromboprophylaxis in the trauma patient. Unfortunately, multiple techniques are not infrequently required for complex multisystem trauma patients. Each modality has potential complications. The risks of heparin include bleeding and heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Mechanical compression devices can result in local soft tissue injury, bleeding and patient non-compliance. Inferior vena cava filters migrate, cause inferior vena cava occlusion, and penetrate the vessel wall. While the use of these techniques can be life saving, they must be appropriately utilized.
Non‐ medical prescribing in Australasia and the UK: the case of podiatry
Authors: Borthwick Alan M , Short Anthony J , Nancarrow Susan A , Boyce Rosalie 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe last decade has witnessed a rapid transformation in the role boundaries of the allied health professions, enabled through the creation of new roles and the expansion of existing, traditional roles. A strategy of health care ‘modernisation’ has encompassed calls for the redrawing of professional boundaries and identities, linked with demands for greater workforce flexibility. Several tasks and roles previously within the exclusive domain of medicine have been delegated to, or assumed by, allied health professionals, as the workforce is reshaped to meet the challenges posed by changing demographic, social and political contexts. The prescribing of medicines by non‐medically qualified healthcare professionals, and in particular the podiatry profession, reflects these changes.MethodsUsing a range of key primary documentary sources derived from published material in the public domain and unpublished material in private possession, this paper traces the development of contemporary UK and Australasian podiatric prescribing, access, supply and administration of medicines. Documentary sources include material from legislative, health policy, regulatory and professional bodies (including both State and Federal sources in Australia).ResultsTracing a chronological, comparative, socio‐historical account of the emergence and development of ‘prescribing’ in podiatry in both Australasia and the UK enables an analysis of the impact of health policy reforms on the use of, and access to, medicines by podiatrists. The advent of neo‐liberal healthcare policies, coupled with demands for workforce flexibility and role transfer within a climate of demographic, economic and social change has enabled allied health professionals to undertake an expanding number of tasks involving the sale, supply, administration and prescription of medicines.ConclusionAs a challenge to medical dominance, these changes, although driven by wider healthcare policy, have met with resistance. As anticipated in the theory of medical dominance, inter‐professional jurisdictional disputes centred on the right to access, administer, supply and prescribe medicines act as obstacles to workforce change. Nevertheless, the broader policy agenda continues to ensure workforce redesign in which podiatry has assumed wider roles and responsibilities in prescribing.
A Rac1 inhibitory peptide suppresses antibody production and paw swelling in the murine collagen-induced arthritis model of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Abreu Joana RF , Dontje Wendy , Krausz Sarah , de Launay Daphne , van Hennik Paula B , van Stalborch Anne-Marieke , ten Klooster Jean-Paul , Sanders Marjolein E , Reedquist Kris A , Vervoordeldonk Margriet J , Hordijk Peter L , Tak Paul P 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Introduction
The Rho family GTPase Rac1 regulates cytoskeletal rearrangements crucial for the recruitment, extravasation and activation of leukocytes at sites of inflammation. Rac1 signaling also promotes the activation and survival of lymphocytes and osteoclasts. Therefore, we assessed the ability of a cell-permeable Rac1 carboxy-terminal inhibitory peptide to modulate disease in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).

Methods
CIA was induced in DBA/1 mice, and in either early or chronic disease, mice were treated three times per week by intraperitoneal injection with control peptide or Rac1 inhibitory peptide. Effects on disease progression were assessed by measurement of paw swelling. Inflammation and joint destruction were examined by histology and radiology. Serum levels of anti-collagen type II antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. T-cell phenotypes and activation were assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and unpaired Student t tests.

Results
Treatment of mice with Rac1 inhibitory peptide resulted in a decrease in paw swelling in early disease and to a lesser extent in more chronic arthritis. Of interest, while joint destruction was unaffected by Rac1 inhibitory peptide, anti-collagen type II antibody production was significantly diminished in treated mice, in both early and chronic arthritis. Ex vivo, Rac1 inhibitory peptide suppressed T-cell receptor/CD28-dependent production of tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ and interleukin-17 by T cells from collagen-primed mice, and reduced induction of ICOS and CD154, T-cell costimulatory proteins important for B-cell help.

Conclusions
The data suggest that targeting of Rac1 with the Rac1 carboxy-terminal inhibitory peptide may suppress T-cell activation and autoantibody production in autoimmune disease. Whether this could translate into clinically meaningful improvement remains to be shown.
Risk factors for breast cancer in postmenopausal Caucasian and Chinese-Canadian women
Authors: Tam Carolyn Y , Martin Lisa J , Hislop Gregory , Hanley Anthony J , Minkin Salomon , Boyd Norman F 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Striking differences exist between countries in the incidence of breast cancer. The causes of these differences are unknown, but because incidence rates change in migrants, they are thought to be due to lifestyle rather than genetic differences. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to examine breast cancer risk factors in populations with different risks for breast cancer.

Methods
We compared breast cancer risk factors among three groups of postmenopausal Canadian women at substantially different risk of developing breast cancer - Caucasians (N = 413), Chinese women born in the West or who migrated to the West before age 21 (N = 216), and recent Chinese migrants (N = 421). Information on risk factors and dietary acculturation were collected by telephone interviews using questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements were taken at a home visit.

Results
Compared to Caucasians, recent Chinese migrants weighed on average 14 kg less, were 6 cm shorter, had menarche a year later, were more often parous, less often had a family history of breast cancer or a benign breast biopsy, a higher Chinese dietary score, and a lower Western dietary score. For most of these variables, Western born Chinese and early Chinese migrants had values intermediate between those of Caucasians and recent Chinese migrants. We estimated five-year absolute risks for breast cancer using the Gail Model and found that risk estimates in Caucasians would be reduced by only 11% if they had the risk factor profile of recent Chinese migrants for the risk factors in the Gail Model.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that in addition to the risk factors in the Gail Model, there likely are other factors that also contribute to the large difference in breast cancer risk between Canada and China.
Pivotal Advance: Avian colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), interleukin-34 (IL-34), and CSF-1 receptor genes and gene products
Authors: Garceau Valerie , Smith Jacqueline , Paton Ian R , Davey Megan , Fares Mario A , Sester David P , Burt David W , Hume David A 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
These studies demonstrate that CSF-1 and IL-34 are conserved in birds, and uses evolutionary comparisons to infer structure function relationships among vertebrate animals.
Macrophages are involved in many aspects of development, host defense, pathology, and homeostasis. Their normal differentiation, proliferation, and survival are controlled by CSF-1 via the activation of the CSF1R. A recently discovered cytokine, IL-34, was shown to bind the same receptor in humans. Chicken is a widely used model organism in developmental biology, but the factors that control avian myelopoiesis have not been identified previously. The CSF-1, IL-34, and CSF1R genes in chicken and zebra finch were identified from respective genomic/cDNA sequence resources. Comparative analysis of the avian CSF1R loci revealed likely orthologs of mammalian macrophage-specific promoters and enhancers, and the CSF1R gene is expressed in the developing chick embryo in a pattern consistent with macrophage-specific expression. Chicken CSF-1 and IL-34 were expressed in HEK293 cells and shown to elicit macrophage growth from chicken BM cells in culture. Comparative sequence and co-evolution analysis across all vertebrates suggests that the two ligands interact with distinct regions of the CSF1R. These studies demonstrate that there are two separate ligands for a functional CSF1R across all vertebrates.
Accidental Overdose of Tiotropium in a Patient with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Gregory Michael D , Mersfelder Tracey L , Jamieson Thomas 
Published: January 2010

Objective: To report a case of refractory tachycardia after an excessive dose of inhaled tiotropium. Case Summary: A 74-year-old male with atrial fibrillation was admitted for increased heart rate and shortness of breath. The patient's heart rate was initially stabilized between 80 and 90 beats/min with metoprolol succinate 50 mg daily. During hospitalization, he accidentally received 5 capsules of tiotropium 18 μg inhaled as a single dose (total 90 μg) and, approximately 15 minutes later, his heart rate increased from 80 to 160 beats/min. Over 5 days of hospitalization, the patient's tachycardia was difficult to control and he required multiple atrioventricular (AV) nodal blocking agents (physostigmine, metoprolol tartrate, diltiazem) for effective stabilization prior to discharge. On outpatient follow-up 11 days after the ingestion the patient's heart rate was in the 40s and the AV nodal blocking agents were proportionately decreased. Discussion: Tiotropium is a long-acting anticholinergic medication used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Little has been reported as to the potential systemic toxicities of tiotropium. Tachycardia is listed as a potential adverse effect, but based on a MEDLINE search (1966–July 2009) using tiotropium, tachycardia, and overdose as search terms, there have been no case reports published. Renal impairment may increase plasma concentrations of tiotropium; our patient's creatinine clearance was estimated to be below 50 mL/min. According to the Naranjo probability scale, our patient's development of tachycardia was probably associated with tiotropium inhalation. Conclusions: Tiotropium can be temporally implicated in a rapid heart rate following excessive ingestion. Health care professionals should be aware of tachycardic effects of tiotropium, particularly in patients with underlying structural heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and renal impairment.
Proposed Masonry Specified Compressive Strength Requirements
Authors: Bennett Richard M. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Currently the TMS 602-08, “Specification for Masonry Structures,” allows the specified compressive strength of masonry, fm′, to be determined using either the unit strength method or the prism test method. With regard to prism testing, the specification gives no requirements in terms of the number of prisms to be tested or how to use the results of the prism testing to determine the specified compressive strength. This paper summarizes the requirements of other codes and specifications and examines a statistical basis for determining a prism compressive strength, including the effects of sample size. It is recommended to use the 75th percent confidence on the ten-percentile value. This is reasonably consistent with other codes and specifications. A minimum of ten tests is recommended.
Incipient Speciation inStrauzia longipennis(Diptera: Tephritidae): Two Sympatric Mitochondrial DNA Lineages in Eastern Iowa
Authors: Axen Heather J , Harrison Jessica L , Gammons John R , McNish Ian G , Blythe Laura D , Condon Marty A 
Published: January 2010

AbstractStrauzia longipennis (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a notoriously variable species. Seven varieties were once recognized. Three varieties were elevated to species status. The status of the other four varieties, including the synonyms for S. longipennis, has been contested. Such taxonomic instability, particularly when associated with variable patterns of host use, suggests that S. longipennis may represent a dynamic complex of host-associated populations in the process of divergence. To detect evidence of genetic differentiation indicating genetically distinct sympatric populations of S. longipennis, we sequenced a fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I of mitochondrial DNA of S. longipennis from two sites (three habitats) in eastern Iowa. At each site, we found two genetically and morphologically distinct sympatric populations. One corresponds to morphological descriptions of S. longipennis variety typica (Loew). The other corresponds to descriptions of S. longipennis variety vittigera (Loew). High levels of genetic differentiation between these divergent sympatric populations suggest the populations might represent host races or incipient species.
Mate Recognition and Sex Differences in Cuticular Hydrocarbons of the Diurnal Firefly Ellychnia corrusca (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
Authors: Ming Qing-Lei , Lewis Sara M 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
There are several genera of diurnally active fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), and these adults generally do not produce bioluminescent signals. We investigated whether contact sex pheromones play a role in mate recognition in the diurnal firefly Ellychnia corrusca (L.). In laboratory behavioral assays, after antennal contact &gt;70% of males attempted copulation with freeze-killed females, whereas no copulation attempts occurred when freeze-killed females had been washed with hexane. This shows that E. corrusca mate recognition relies on contact chemoreception and suggests that male mating responses are mediated by contact sex pheromones on the female cuticle. Using direct contact solid phase microextraction (SPME) and solvent extraction, we sampled cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) from both sexes of E. corrusca adults. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that SPME was more effective than solvent extraction in detecting CHCs (a two-fold increase in the number of compounds detected). Although E. corrusca males and females showed similar CHCs profiles, we documented several quantitative and qualitative differences between the sexes that may play a role in mate recognition. This report provides the first behavioral evidence for the existence of contact sex pheromones in any diurnal firefly.
Tetrastichus garryana Burks (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Parasite of an Oak Gall-Wasp, Besbicus mirabilis (Kinsey)
Authors: Evans David 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe life history and the later larval instars of Tetrastichus garryana Burks (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are described and figured. The parasite has been collected from several species of oak gall cynipids, to which general group it seems to be restricted. In British Columbia it is most commonly associated with the gall-wasp Besbicus mirabilis (Kinsey).
Laboratory and Field Investigations of the Effect of Temperature on the Development of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) in the Cocoon
Authors: Wallace D. R. , Sullivan C. R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLaboratory studies show that diapause, or eonymphal development, has a temperature optimum approximating 8 °C, at which some 29 days are required for its completion. The optimum for morphogenesis is 22 °C. About 33 and 37 days for females and males, respectively, are required for its completion.Field data for three sites with mean temperatures near 22, 19, and 16 °C. show that emergence took place earliest at the intermediate site and latest at the exposed site, which experienced the highest mean temperature. Emergence of males and females overlapped, but at the shaded site, having the lowest mean temperature, females emerged sooner than males, whereas the reverse was observed at the exposed site.The length of the eonymphal stage in the field is dependent upon site temperature and can be predicted from laboratory data. The duration of the pronymphal stage is dependent not only upon site temperature, but also upon the length of time which has been required for eonymphal development. Thus the longer the eonymphal period. the shorter the pronymphal period. This compensatory mechanism is probably due to a temperature effect on any morphogenesis that takes place concurrently with diapause.
Nectar of Peach Leaf Glands as Insect Food
Authors: Putman Wm. L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe secretion of the extrafloral nectaries on peach leaves is consumed by many insects. It is especially important as food for some stages of a number of predators and parasites that usually feed on honeydew and blossoms, but it cannot completely replace these foods for those species requiring nitrogenous components.
The Immature Stages of the Canadian Species of Pero Herrich-Schaeffer (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: McGuffin W. C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe immature stages of five Canadian species of Pero Herrich-Schaeffer are described. These species arc P. bebrensarius Packard, P. bonestarim Walker, P. mizon Ritidge, P. morrisonaius Henry Edwards, and P. occidentalis pnckardi Cassino and Swett. Three colour patterns have been noted in the larvae of P. mizon and P. morrisovarius but only nne in each of P. behreniarius, P. bonestarius and P. occidtmtalis packardi. Brief accounts of the life histories and habits of the species are presented together with a key to the mature larvae.
The North American Species in Groups II and III of Ips De Geer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
Authors: Hopping G. R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNorth American Ips of Group II (Hopping, 196îb) are I. emarginatus (Leconre) and I. knattsi Swaine. They are the only Ips having the third declivital spine emarginate ar the tip. They breed in various species of pine. The distribution of I. emarginatus is from southern British Columbia to California and eastward to Montana. I. knausi is found in Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona. A key to the species is given. I. plastographus (Leconte) is the sole representative of Group III. It is the only four-spined Ips with the sutures of the autennal club strongly angled at the middle. I. plastographus breeds in species of pine. It occurs from southern British Columbia southward in the western United States and through Mexico into Guatemala. Hosts and more detailed distributions are given for species in Groups IT and III.
Predicting the Size of European Corn Borer Infestations (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.)
Authors: Barlow C. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA method of forecasting the size of first-generation or summer infestations of Ostrinia nubilalis in Kent County, Ontario, is described. A function is derived from partial regression analysis relating the estimated size of the expected summer infestation to (1) the number of females caught in a light-trap during the first or spring flight, and (2) average rainfall per day during the first flight. The function explains 94% of the observed variation in estimated size of first-generation infestations in this area between 1947 and 1961. A means of categorizing the estimated size of the predicted infestation based on the frequency distribution of previously estimated infestations is also described. Methods of sampling and estimating population size and the applicability of the predictive equation to other environments are discussed.
The Occurrence of Nemobius fasciatus (DeGeer) in Newfoundland (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Nemobiinae)
Authors: Vickery V. R. 
Published: January 2010

Hebard (1915) and J. W. H. Rehn (1939 and 1939a) listed species of Orthoptera from Newfoundland but neither author reported any species of Gryllidae. Walker (1915) did not list any members of this family as inhabiting the Magdalen Islands.The first record of a cricket from Newfoundland was by Ander (1960) who recorded two immature females from Shoal Harbour, July 27, 1951. He somewhat doubtfully assigned these specimens to Nemobius fasciatus (DeGeer), stating: “I suppose that the specimens belong to the species Nemobius fasciatus (Degeer), widely distributed in North America, which is common in Nova Scotia (Piers 1918). The specimens agree very well with the description of fasciatus in Morse (1920) and Blatchley (1920), and as it is the only Nemobius known from Nova Scotia I have good reasons to suppose that the larvae belong to the species mentioned.”