bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shiga toxin and its use in targeted cancer therapy and imaging
Authors: Engedal Nikolai , Skotland Tore , Torgersen Maria L. , Sandvig Kirsten 
Published: May 2010

SummaryShiga and the Shiga‐like toxins are related protein toxins produced by Shigella dysenteriae and certain strains of Escherichia coli. These toxins are composed of two non‐covalently attached, modular parts: the A moiety (StxA) containing the enzymatically active A1 fragment, and the non‐toxic, pentameric binding moiety (StxB). Stx binds specifically to the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) at the surface of target cells and is then internalized by endocytosis. Subsequently, in toxin‐sensitive cells, the Stx/Gb3 complex is transported in a retrograde manner via the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum, where the enzymatically active part of Stx is translocated to the cytosol, enabling it to irreversibly inhibit protein synthesis via modification of ribosomal 28S RNA. Whereas Gb3 shows a relatively restricted expression in normal human tissues, it has been reported to be highly expressed in many types of cancers. This review gives a brief introduction to Stx and its intracellular transport. Furthermore, after a description of Gb3 and the methods that are currently used to detect its cellular expression, we provide an updated overview of the published reports on Gb3 overexpression in human cancers. Finally, we discuss the possibility of utilizing Stx or StxB coupled to therapeutic compounds or contrast agents in targeted cancer therapy and imaging.
Adenovirus infection with serious pulmonary sequelae in Korean children
Authors: Callaway Zak , Kim Soung Hee , Kim Jung Yeon , Kim Dong Won , Kim Chang‐Keun 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIntroduction:  Varying clinical progress and long‐term pulmonary sequelae have been associated with different adenoviral serotypes.Objective:  The purpose of this study was to determine the association between serotype and clinical profiles of pediatric adenoviral pneumonia cases that occurred in Korea from 1996–1998.Methods:  Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from 44 adenovirus–positive patients presenting with acute severe respiratory disease were sent to reference laboratories for serotyping. Clinical course and chest X‐rays were analyzed during the acute phase, and HRCTs were performed during the convalescent phase to identify long‐term pulmonary complications.Results:  Ad‐7 was associated with the most severe clinical course and resultant long‐term pulmonary sequelae, followed by milder clinical course and lower frequency of sequelae in Ad‐3 cases, and even milder outcomes in children infected with Ad‐5.Conclusions:  In complicated adenoviral pneumonia, certain serotypes prevail with Ad‐7 being the most severe. Continued serotyping with the eventual goal of creating a database for the early diagnosis, treatment and prognostication of adenoviral pneumonia is needed.Please cite this paper as: Callaway Z, Kim SH, Kim JY, Kim DW and Kim C‐K. Adenovirus infection with serious pulmonary sequelae in Korean children. Clin Respir J 2011; 5: 92–98.
A case of tongue carcinoma associated with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Noguchi K , Nakase M , Inui M , Nakamura S , Okumura K , Tagawa T 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGraft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) can occur at various sites, including the oral mucosa, where it is associated with a high risk of head and neck cancer. We report the case of a 46‐year‐old woman with tongue cancer that developed following Hodgkin’s lymphoma and chronic GVHD, and we discuss the possible causes of cancer development.
Oral health‐related quality of life among rural‐dwelling Indigenous Australians
Authors: Williams SD , Parker EJ , Jamieson LM 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground:  There is limited information on the impact of poor oral health on Indigenous Australian quality of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, extent and severity of, and to calculate risk indicators for, poor oral health‐related quality of life among a convenience sample of rural‐dwelling Indigenous Australians.Methods:  Participants (n = 468) completed a questionnaire that included socio‐demographic, lifestyle, dental service utilization, dental self‐care and oral health‐related quality of life (OHIP‐14) factors.Results:  The prevalence of having experienced one or more of OHIP‐14 items ‘fairly often’ or ‘very often’ was 34.8%. The extent of OHIP‐14 scores was 1.88, while the severity was 15.0. Risk indicators for having experienced one or more of OHIP‐14 items ‘fairly often’ or ‘very often’ included problem‐based dental attendance, avoiding dental care because of cost, difficulty paying a $100 dental bill and non‐ownership of a toothbrush. An additional risk indicator for OHIP‐14 extent was healthcare card ownership, while additional indicators for OHIP‐14 severity were healthcare card ownership and having had 5+ teeth extracted.Conclusions:  Risk indicators for poor oral health‐related quality of life among this marginalized population included socio‐economic factors, dentate status factors, dental service utilization patterns, financial factors and dental self‐care factors.
The accuracy of medical history information in referral letters
Authors: DeAngelis AF , Chambers IG , Hall GM 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground: Accurate medical history information is essential for good patient care and should be notified in the letter of referral. The aim of this study was to investigate the subjective opinion that the medical information in a large number of referrals is either inaccurate or non‐existent.Methods: Medical histories from 54 patients with positive medical history findings upon taking the medical history at the initial consultation appointment were compared to the medical information supplied in the referral letter.Results: Overall, medical information was only 58.8% complete with dental referrals being 55.2% complete and medical referrals 62.4%. The majority of referral letters (70.4%) missed at least one relevant finding and only 29.6% of referrals were 100% complete.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the standard of referral letters needs to be improved as the received referrals were generally incomplete and contained inaccurate information. This highlights the need for each and every practitioner to take their own detailed medical history and not rely on the information supplied in the referral.
Differential evaluation of hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis in acute liver injury
Authors: Onodera Mio , Takikawa Yasuhiro , Kakisaka Keisuke , Wang Ting , Horiuchi Saburo 
Published: May 2010

Aim:  The significance of cytokelatin‐18 fragment cleaved by caspase‐3 (CK‐18‐fr) and high mobility group box‐1 (HMGB‐1) were evaluated experimentally and clinically for the differential evaluation of hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis in patients with acute hepatic injury (AHI).Methods:  In this study, typical apoptosis and necrosis were induced in HepG2 cells by staurosporin (STS) and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Intracellular generation of CK‐18‐fr and extracellular leakage of CK‐18‐fr and HMGB‐1 were determined. In the clinical study, serum CK‐18‐fr and HMGB‐1 levels in 84 patients with AHI of varied severity and etiology were measured and compared with conventional liver tests.Results:  In the experimental study, CK‐18‐fr was rapidly increased after STS stimulation, and peaked after 6 h inside the cells but increased in the medium 12 h after stimulation, while hydrogen peroxide stimulation caused no increase either in‐ or outside the cells. Extracellular HMGB‐1 levels markedly increased after hydrogen peroxide stimulation, but did not change after STS stimulation. In the clinical study, serum CK‐18‐fr increased in correlation with serum aminotransferase, but not other liver tests or markers of disease severity of AHI,. Serum HMGB‐1 levels mildly increased without any correlation to liver test or disease severity. Serum HMGB‐1 levels in patients with circulation disturbance was significantly higher than that in patients with other etiologies.Conclusion:  The simultaneous determination of the serum CK‐18‐fr and HMGB‐1 may be useful in the differential diagnosis of hetocellular death in AHI, which is primarily due to apoptosis except in patients with circulation disturbance.
Effect of a late evening snack using branched‐chain amino acid‐enriched nutrients in patients undergoing hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Harima Yohei , Yamasaki Takahiro , Hamabe Satoe , Saeki Issei , Okita Kohsuke , Terai Shuji , Sakaida Isao 
Published: May 2010

Aim:  A late evening snack (LES) is recommended for protein‐energy malnutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis. This study investigated energy metabolism in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the effects of LES using a branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA)‐enriched nutrient in cirrhotic patients with advanced HCC undergoing hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC).Methods:  Energy metabolism was measured using indirect calorimetry for 10 cirrhotic patients without HCC and 36 patients with various stages of HCC. Next, in 23 cirrhotic patients with advanced HCC undergoing HAIC, 13 patients received LES (LES group), and 10 patients received ordinary food (control group). Changes in energy metabolism and glucose tolerance were examined using indirect calorimetry and 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after 1 cycle of treatment.Results:  Non‐protein respiratory quotient (npRQ) was significantly lower in patients with advanced HCC than in cirrhotic patients without HCC, or in patients with early‐stage HCC. In cirrhotic patients with advanced HCC undergoing HAIC, npRQ, BCAA/tyrosine ratio (BTR), and prealbumin and ALT levels were significantly improved in the LES group, but not in controls. In addition, area under the concentration curve for glucose (AUC glucose) tended to be improved in the LES group.Conclusions:  LES using BCAA‐enriched nutrients appears to improve energy metabolism and glucose tolerance in cirrhotic patients with advanced HCC undergoing HAIC.
Peginterferon‐alpha‐2b plus ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C as assessed by a multi‐institutional questionnaire in Japan
Authors: Ide Tatsuya , Sata Michio , Sakisaka Shotaro , Nakamuta Makoto , Fujiyama Shigetoshi , Mizuta Toshihiko , Tahara Kenji , Fujisaki Kunio , Komorizono Yasuji , Watanabe Hiroshi , Morita Yasuyo , Tsubouchi Hirohito 
Published: May 2010

Background and aim:  There has so far been no questionnaire report on patients who were treated with peginterferon plus ribavirin (PEG IFN+RBV) therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the problems of this therapy by a questionnaire survey.Patients and methods:  A survey of 681 patients with chronic hepatitis C who received treatment with PEG IFN+RBV was conducted in the Kyushu region of Japan. Using an original questionnaire, the survey was conducted prior to the treatment, during the third month of treatment, at the completion of treatment or the discontinuation of treatment, and at 6 months after the completion of treatment.Results:  It was indicated that the patients had a high level of comprehension and understanding of chronic hepatitis C and PEG IFN+RBV treatment. However, the results also indicated that patients had a high level of anxiety. Side effects were adequately dealt with by physicians. However, dermatological symptoms were not adequately explained to the patients, although they were the second most severe side‐effect. It was also revealed that side‐effects were most distressing during the first and second months after the start of treatment.Conclusion:  The questionnaire survey provided new information that has never been reported. It is believed that understanding this information is important for future treatment.
Digital data collection in forest dynamics plots
Authors: Inman‐Narahari Faith , Giardina Christian , Ostertag Rebecca , Cordell Susan , Sack Lawren 
Published: May 2010

Summary 1. Computers are widely used in all aspects of research but their application to in‐field data collection for forest plots has rarely been evaluated. 2. We developed digital data collection methods using ESRI mapping software and ruggedized field computers to map and measure ∼30 000 trees in two 4‐ha forest dynamics plots in wet and dry tropical forest in Hawaii. We then compared our data collection and entry effort with published values for other forest dynamics plots with the same tree measurement protocols to estimate the efficiency of our methods relative to the more typical use of paper data collection sheets. 3. In‐field data collection effort was comparable for all plots. However, use of digital methods resulted in an average 11·8% reduction in total effort due to reduced secondary data entry time. 4. The digital data collection methods described in this article can be applied to a wide range of ecological projects, especially long‐term research or monitoring projects where mapping can be integrated into data collection.
Hedging Performance and Stock Market Liquidity: Evidence from the Taiwan Futures Market
Authors: Lee Hsiu‐Chuan , Chien Cheng‐Yi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of stock market liquidity on the hedging performance of stock index futures, and extends the conditional OLS model described by Miffre [Journal of Futures Markets 24 (2004) 945] by including stock market liquidity in the regression model. The empirical results indicate that information regarding stock market liquidity is useful in predicting the optimal hedge ratio under different market conditions. In a bear market, the conditional OLS model with stock market liquidity provides the best hedging performance for the out‐of‐sample period. Although the OLS model outperforms the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity and conditional OLS models for the out‐of‐sample period in a bull market, the conditional OLS model with stock market liquidity outperforms the conditional OLS model without stock market liquidity in terms of downside risks (lower partial moment).
Challenging the Context: Perception, Polity, and Power
Authors: Hartfield Ronne 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe Art Institute of Chicago opened its new Kraft General Foods Education Center in 1992. Its inaugural gallery exhibition, ART INSIDE OUT: Exploring Art and Culture Through Time, was designed to help visitors explore the historical and cultural context of twelve works of art. “Contextual areas” are provided for six of them. They employ models, replicas, artwork, art materials and tools as well as interpretive panels and interactive computer installations to enable visitors to fully comprehend and appreciate the immediate world from which each work emerged. the six other works are contextualized by interactive computer installations.
A Blurring of the Boundaries
Authors: Gurian Elaine Heumann 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTOur certainty about the definition of museums is disappearing and with it goes our assurance about where we are and what we are becoming. Observing visitors' use of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum could cause us to change our understanding about how people use and act in museums. Further boundaries are blurring as the native communities worldwide ask museum personnel to change their methods of collections care and alter rules of accessioned objects' use. Without acknowledging it, museum personnel are becoming more comfortable with reproductions and purposebuilt material. Technology is making us a “paperless” society. Our need for and understanding of “authenticity” is changing, and we no longer rely purely on our objects to define our work. Are we destroying museums, changing with the times, or creating some new and potentially more vibrant and useful institutions? Can a new realignment and new definition of our institutions help us to create a more civil society? Do we wish to continue on this road?
Bridging a Cultural Gap: A Museum Creates Access
Authors: Lang Georgia C. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe article describes an exhibition—Jean Despujols: Indochina Odyssey—organized by the Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum and featuring a collection of paintings of Southeast Asia. This exhibition, along with an ancillary exhibition and extensive interpretive programs, was developed as a proactive outreach to the newly arrived Hmong immigrant population in Wausau, Wisconsin, the location of the museum. Descriptions of Hmong participation, newly formed partnerships, and positive civic outcomes are included.
School Field Trips: Assessing Their Long‐Term Impact
Authors: Falk John H. , Dierking Lynn D. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTMuseums invest considerable resources in promoting and supporting elementary‐school field trips, but remain skeptical about their educational value. Recent cognitive psychology and neuroscience research require a reappraisal of how and what to assess relative to school‐field‐trip learning. One hundred and twenty‐eight subjects were interviewed about their recollections of school field trips taken during the early years of their school education: 34 fourth‐grade students, 48 eighth‐grade students, and 46 adults composed the group. Overall, 96% of all subjects could recall a school field trip. The vast majority recalled when they went, with whom they went, where they went, and three or more specific aspects of what they did. Most said that they had thought about their field‐trip experience subsequently, nearly three‐quarters said they thought about it frequently. Reinforced by this study were the strong interrelationships between cognition, affect, the physical context and social context. Even after many years, nearly 100% of the individuals interviewed could recall one or more things learned on the trip, the majority of which related to content/subject matter.
Science in American Life, National Identity, and the Science Wars: A Curators View
Authors: MOLELLA ARTHUR P. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe simmering controversy over the Smithsonian's Science in American Life exhibition that led to the ensuing visitor study by the Institutional Studies Office is reexamined in terms of issues of American identity. A brief historical overview reveals that, for most of the twentieth century, the American scientific community received enthusiastic public support for its perceived service to national goals and ideals. In the past decade, however, after experiencing unexpected budget cuts to research, scientists have questioned the depth of that public support in what has become known as the Science Wars. Science in American Life was soon engulfed by that broader, often acrimonious debate about science and society which involved notions of pure and applied science. The role of American identity in the dispute over the exhibit is analyzed in terms of scientists' criticisms of three of the exhibition's case studies.
Visitors' Role in an Exhibition Debate: Science in American Life
Authors: PEKARIK ANDREW J. , DOERING ZAHAVA D. , BICKFORD ADAM 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTIn the year after the exhibition Science in American Life opened at the National Museum of American History objections were raised by the exhibition's chief sponsor, the American Chemical Society, and by the American Physical Society. These critics argued that the exhibition gave the public a negative view of science. The Institutional Studies Office was asked to conduct a study to determine whether or not the exhibition was affecting visitors' views of science, and, if so, in what direction. Using an entrance/exit survey design, the study determined conclusively that the visiting public entered the exhibition with a very positive view of science and technology and that their views were reinforced and confirmed by the experience of Science in American Life, rather than changed in either a positive or negative direction.
Learning from Museums with Indigenous Collections: Beyond Repatriation
Authors: HARTH MARJORIE L. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTAs indigenous voices become stronger through legislation or other means, museums with indigenous collections must reexamine their approaches to collection, exhibition, and preservation. Traditional approaches to collection management are undergoing change as participation from indigenous and tribal groups increases. This article summarizes these trends and describes the post‐modern charters of two museums: the National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, DC, and Te Papa Tongarewa/The Museum of New Zealand, in Wellington.
NAGPRA: Effective Repatriation Programs and Cultural Change in Museums
Authors: Sullivan T. J. , Abraham M. , Griffin D. J. G. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTA survey of museums in the United States sought to identify evidence of broad impact on the organisational culture and practices of museums in their relatioships with indiginous peoples as a result of the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act 1990 (NAGPRA).NAGPRA establishes a process for the repatriation of human remains and other specified items held in museum collections to Native Americans who can prove they are lineal descendants or members of tribes which are culturally affiliated with identified items covered by the legislation.Effective repatriation programs are characterised by:* a genuine belief in the primary rights of indigenous people in the management of their cultural material presently held in museum collections;* a commitment to greater collaboration between the museum and indigenous people in the management of scientific research and public programs pertaining to items of indigenous cultural heritage;* practices which are indicative of an organisational culture which acts in ways which go beyond the minimum requirements of the legislation.Our research shows that museums are engaging in consultation with indigenous people in the management of collections of indigenous cultural heritage, and that this engagement is influencing conservation strategies. Museums espouse goals which promote external consultation, the involvement of indigenous people in their activities, respect for the cultural goals of indigenous people and a commitment to increasing public awareness of indigenous cultural heritage and social issues. However, only in the areas where NAGPRA has mandated it should happen—collections of human remains and secret/sacred material—is there evidence of communication and consultation, commitment of resources and sharing of authority with indigenous people consistent with the outcomes intended under NAGPRA.
Learning in Children's Museums: Is It Really Happening?
Authors: PUCHNER LAUREL , RAPOPORT ROBYN , GASKINS SUZANNE 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis study examined what children learn while they are interacting with exhibits at a children's museum as well as the conditions that facilitate learning. Using naturalistic observations to get information on the kinds of observable learning that occurred in a variety of settings within the museum, the study found that much observable learning did occur and that different contexts supported different kinds and amounts of learning. Learning was more likely to occur with adult interaction than without, and certain types of exhibits invited more adult involvement than others. Examples of learning of relatively higher levels of cognitive complexity and higher degrees of generalizability were observed more rarely than examples of learning of lower complexity and less generalizability. Implications for children's museums and other settings of informal learning are discussed.