bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kaolin in the net-like horizon of laterite in Hubei, south China
Authors: Hong Hanlie , Li Zhaohui , Yang Muzhuang , Xiao Ping , Xue Huijuan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe clay mineralogy and chemical composition of the white veins, red matrix and both Fe- and Mn-bearing nodules occurring in a laterite profile in Hubei, south China were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the mineral components of the red matrix are mainly quartz, kaolinite, halloysite, goethite and minor illite, whereas the white net-like veins contain mostly quartz, kaolinite, halloysite, and illite. In the net-like horizon, the chemical index of alteration (CIA, the ratio of Al2O3/(Al2O3+CaO+K2O+Na2O)) and the TiO2/Al2O3ratio are 89.8% and 0.021 for the white vein and 90.7% and 0.025 for the red matrix, respectively. Both white-vein and red-matrix components have similar TiO2/Al2O3ratios, and are similar to the ratio 0.027 of the unaltered bedrock. The similarity in TiO2/Al2O3values indicates that all three portions of the laterite soil share the same origin. Also, although the white-vein and red-matrix components differ in Fe2O3abundance, the similar CIA values do imply similar degrees of alteration. The Fe-bearing and Mn-bearing nodules were produced by the local accumulation of Fe2O3and MnO, respectively. Halloysite in the weathering profile occurs in two different morphologies, tubular and platy crystals. Tubular halloysite occurs both in the red matrix and the Fe-bearing nodule whereas platy halloysite occurs only in the white vein and Mn-bearing nodule assemblages. Crystallization of small tubular halloysite from Si and Al concretions in the red matrix is observed, indicating that the morphology of these crystals in the weathering environment is mainly controlled by Fe3+cations, whereas platy halloysite may be derived from the hydration of kaolinite.
RARα2 expression is associated with disease progression and plays a crucial role in efficacy of ATRA treatment in myeloma
Authors: Wang Siqing , Tricot Guido , Shi Lei , Xiong Wei , Zeng Zhaoyang , Xu Hongwei , Zangari Maurizio , Barlogie Bart , Shaughnessy John D. , Zhan Fenghuang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSpecific genetic alterations in multiple myeloma (MM) may cause more aggressive diseases. Paired gene array analysis on 51 samples showed that retinoic acid (RA) receptor α (RARα) expression significantly increased at relapse compared with diagnosis. RARα encodes 2 major isoforms: RARα1 and RARα2. In this study, we examined the function of RARα2 in MM. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed ubiquitous RARα1 expression in MM cells, but RARα2 was expressed in 26 (32%) of 80 newly diagnosed patients and 10 (28%) of 36 MM cell lines. Patients with RARα2 expression had a significantly shorter overall survival on identical treatments. The presence of RARα2 remained significant on multivariate analysis. Knockdown of RARα2 but not RARα1 induced significant MM cell death and growth inhibition, and overexpressing RARα2 activated STAT3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. Interestingly, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment induced potent cell death and growth inhibition in RARα2+ but not RARα2− MM cells; overexpressing RARα2 in RARα2-deficient MM cells restored sensitivity to ATRA. Furthermore, ATRA treatment significantly inhibited the growth of RARα2-overexpressing MM tumors in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model. These findings provide a rationale for RA-based therapy in aggressive RARα2+ MM.
Transcriptional profiling of cattle infected with Trypanosoma congolense highlights gene expression signatures underlying trypanotolerance and trypanosusceptibility
Authors: O'Gorman Grace M , Park Stephen DE , Hill Emmeline W , Meade Kieran G , Coussens Paul M , Agaba Morris , Naessens Jan , Kemp Stephen J , MacHugh David E 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundAfrican animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) caused by tsetse fly-transmitted protozoa of the genusTrypanosomais a major constraint on livestock and agricultural production in Africa and is among the top ten global cattle diseases impacting on the poor. Here we show that a functional genomics approach can be used to identify temporal changes in host peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression due to disease progression. We also show that major gene expression differences exist between cattle from trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible breeds. Using bovine long oligonucleotide microarrays and real time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) validation we analysed PBMC gene expression in naïve trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible cattle experimentally challenged withTrypanosoma congolenseacross a 34-day infection time course.ResultsTrypanotolerant N'Dama cattle displayed a rapid and distinct transcriptional response to infection, with a ten-fold higher number of genes differentially expressed at day 14 post-infection compared to trypanosusceptible Boran cattle. These analyses identified coordinated temporal gene expression changes for both breeds in response to trypanosome infection. In addition, a panel of genes were identified that showed pronounced differences in gene expression between the two breeds, which may underlie the phenomena of trypanotolerance and trypanosusceptibility. Gene ontology (GO) analysis demonstrate that the products of these genes may contribute to increased mitochondrial mRNA translational efficiency, a more pronounced B cell response, an elevated activation status and a heightened response to stress in trypanotolerant cattle.ConclusionThis study has revealed an extensive and diverse range of cellular processes that are altered temporally in response to trypanosome infection in African cattle. Results indicate that the trypanotolerant N'Dama cattle respond more rapidly and with a greater magnitude to infection compared to the trypanosusceptible Boran cattle. Specifically, a subset of the genes analyzed by real time qRT-PCR, which display significant breed differences, could collectively contribute to the trypanotolerance trait in N'Dama.
Laboratory-based evaluation of legionellosis epidemiology in Ontario, Canada, 1978 to 2006
Authors: Ng Victoria , Tang Patrick , Jamieson Frances , Guyard Cyril , Low Donald E , Fisman David N 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundLegionellosis is a common cause of severe community acquired pneumonia and respiratory disease outbreaks. The Ontario Public Health Laboratory (OPHL) has conducted most testing forLegionellaspecies in the Canadian province of Ontario since 1978, and represents a multi-decade repository of population-based data on legionellosis epidemiology. We sought to provide a laboratory-based review of the epidemiology of legionellosis in Ontario over the past 3 decades, with a focus on changing rates of disease and species associated with legionellosis during that time period.MethodsWe analyzed cases that were submitted and tested positive for legionellosis from 1978 to 2006 using Poisson regression models incorporating temporal, spatial, and demographic covariates. Predictors of infection with culture-confirmedL. pneumophilaserogroup 1 (LP1) were evaluated with logistic regression models.Results1,401 cases of legionellosis tested positive from 1978 to 2006. As in other studies, we found a late summer to early autumn seasonality in disease occurrence with disease risk increasing with age and in males. In contrast to other studies, we found a decreasing trend in cases in the recent decade (IRR 0.93, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.95,P-value = 0.001); only 66% of culture-confirmed isolates were found to be LP1.ConclusionDespite similarities with disease epidemiology in other regions, legionellosis appears to have declined in the past decade in Ontario, in contrast to trends observed in the United States and parts of Europe. Furthermore, a different range ofLegionellaspecies is responsible for illness, suggesting a distinctive legionellosis epidemiology in this North American region.
Diagnostic yield of renal biopsies: a retrospective single center review
Authors: Scheckner Bari , Peyser Alexandra , Rube Jacob , Tarapore Freya , Frank Rachel , Vento Suzanne , Hoffman Cathy , Valderrama Elsa , Charney Douglas , Goilav Beatrice , Trachtman Howard 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have examined the spectrum of diseases identified with a kidney biopsy and the complications of the procedure. However, few studies have examined the utility of the test to clarify the diagnosis and guide treatment of pediatric patients. This retrospective, single-center chart review was performed to test the hypothesis that at least 80% of native kidney biopsies provide clinically valuable information that rationally guides diagnosis and patient management.

Methods
200 biopsies performed between January 1, 2000 and June 30, 2008 were reviewed. A scheme composed of six categories was devised to classify the utility of each kidney biopsy.

Results
196 complete case files were available for review. Twenty-four (12.2%) biopsies did not shed light on the diagnosis and were unhelpful in patient management – 21 biopsies (10.7%) were non-diagnostic and 3 (1.5%) failed to yield enough tissue for examination. The number of unhelpful biopsies did not cluster in any specific disease entity.

Conclusion
Our findings provide guidance to nephrologists about the total risk of a kidney biopsy, including uninformative results, when seeking informed consent for the procedure. The results suggest an appropriate balance has been reached which maximizes the use of kidney biopsies while minimizing the risk of this invasive procedure (word count: 202).
On the mechanism of autoinhibition of the RhoA-specific nucleotide exchange factor PDZRhoGEF
Authors: Zheng Meiying , Cierpicki Tomasz , Momotani Ko , Artamonov Mykhaylo V , Derewenda Urszula , Bushweller John H , Somlyo Avril V , Derewenda Zygmunt S 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe Dbl-family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) activate the cytosolic GTPases of the Rho family by enhancing the rate of exchange of GTP for GDP on the cognate GTPase. This catalytic activity resides in the DH (Dbl-homology) domain, but typically GEFs are multidomain proteins containing other modules. It is believed that GEFs are autoinhibited in the cytosol due to supramodular architecture, and become activated in diverse signaling pathways through conformational change and exposure of the DH domain, as the protein is translocated to the membrane. A small family of RhoA-specific GEFs, containing the RGSL (regulators of G-protein signaling-like) domain, act as effectors of select GPCRsviaGα12/13, although the molecular mechanism by which this pathway operates is not known. These GEFs include p115, LARG and PDZRhoGEF (PRG).ResultsHere we show that the autoinhibition of PRG is caused largely by an interaction of a short negatively charged sequence motif, immediately upstream of the DH-domain and including residues Asp706, Glu708, Glu710 and Asp712, with a patch on the catalytic surface of the DH-domain including Arg867 and Arg868. In the absence of both PDZ and RGSL domains, the DH-PH tandem with additional 21 residues upstream, is 50% autoinhibited. However, within the full-length protein, the PDZ and/or RGSL domains significantly restore autoinhibition.ConclusionOur results suggest a mechanism for autoinhibition of RGSL family of GEFs, in which the RGSL domain and a unique sequence motif upstream of the DH domain, act cooperatively to reduce the ability of the DH domain to bind the nucleotide free RhoA. The activation mechanism is likely to involve two independent steps, i.e. displacement of the RGSL domain and conformational change involving the autoinhibitory sequence motif containing several negatively charged residues.
Uterine and placental expression of TRPV6 gene is regulated via progesterone receptor- or estrogen receptor-mediated pathways during pregnancy in rodents
Authors: Lee Bo-Mi , Lee Geun-Shik , Jung Eui-Man , Choi Kyung-Chul , Jeung Eui-Bae 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTransient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6 (TRPV6) is an epithelial Ca2+channel protein expressed in calcium absorbing organs. In the present study, we investigated the expression and regulation of uterine and placental TRPV6 during gestation in rodents. Uterine TRPV6 peaked at pregnancy day (P) 0.5, P5.5 and, P13.5 and was detected in uterine epithelium and glands of rats, while placental TRPV6 mRNA levels increased in mid-gestation. Uterine and placental TRPV6 mRNA levels in rats appear to cyclically change during pregnancy, suggesting that TRPV6 may participate in the implantation process. In addition, uterine TRPV6 mRNA is only expressed in placenta-unattached areas of the uterus, and uterine TRPV6 immunoreactivity was observed in luminal and glandular epithelial cells. In the placenta, TRPV6 was detected in the labyrinth and spongy zone. These results may indicate that TRPV6 has at least two functions: implantation of the embryo and maintenance of pregnancy. To investigate the pathway(s) mediating TRPV6 expression in rodents, anti-steroid hormone antagonists were injected prior to maximal TRPV6 expression. In rats, TRPV6 expression was reduced by RU486 (an anti-progesterone) through progesterone receptors, and ICI 182,780 (an anti-estrogen) blocked TRPV6 expression via estrogen receptors in mice. The juxtaposition of uterine and placental TRPV6 expressed in these tissues supports the notion that TRPV6 participates in transferring calcium ions between the maternal and fetal compartments. Taken together, TRPV6 gene may function as a key element in controlling calcium transport in the uterus between the embryo and the placenta during pregnancy.
Lateralization of the connections of the ovary to the celiac ganglia in juvenile rats
Authors: Morán Carolina , Zarate Fabiola , Morán José Luis , Handal Anabella , Domínguez Roberto 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
During the development of the female rat, a maturing process of the factors that regulate the functioning of the ovaries takes place, resulting in different responses according to the age of the animal. Studies show that peripheral innervation is one relevant factor involved.
In the present study we analyzed the anatomical relationship between the neurons in the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglia (CSMG), and the right or left ovary in 24 or 28 days old female pre-pubertal rats. The participation of the superior ovarian nerve (SON) in the communication between the CSMG and the ovaries was analyzed in animals with unilateral section of the SON, previous to injecting true blue (TB) into the ovarian bursa. The animals were killed seven days after treatment. TB stained neurons were quantified at the superior mesenteric-celiac ganglia.
The number of labeled neurons in the CSMG of rats treated at 28 days of age was significantly higher than those treated on day 24. At age 24 days, injecting TB into the right ovary resulted in neuron stains on both sides of the celiac ganglia; whereas, injecting the left side the stains were exclusively ipsilateral. Such asymmetry was not observed when the rats were treated at age of 28 days.
In younger rats, sectioning the left SON resulted in significantly lower number of stained neurons in the left ganglia while sectioning the right SON did not modify the number of stained neurons. When sectioning of the SON was performed to 28 days old rats, no staining was observed.
Present results show that the number and connectivity of post-ganglionic neurons of the CSMG connected to the ovary of juvenile female rats change as the animal mature; that the SON plays a role in this communication process as puberty approaches; and that this maturing process is different for the right or the left ovary.
Detecting Minimal Residual Disease in Neuroblastoma: The Superiority of a Panel of Real-Time Quantitative PCR Markers
Authors: Stutterheim Janine , Gerritsen Annemieke , Zappeij-Kannegieter Lily , Yalcin Bilgehan , Dee Rob , van Noesel Max M , Berthold Frank , Versteeg Rogier , Caron Huib N , van der Schoot C Ellen , Tytgat Godelieve A M 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Background: PCR-based detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in neuroblastoma (NB) patients can be used for initial staging and monitoring therapy response in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). PHOX2B has been identified as a sensitive and specific MRD marker; however, its expression varies between tumors. Therefore, a panel of markers could increase sensitivity.
Methods: To identify additional MRD markers for NB, we selected genes by comparing SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) libraries of healthy and NB tissues followed by extensive real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) testing in samples of tumors (n = 56), control BM (n = 51), PB (n = 37), and cell subsets. The additional value of a panel was determined in 222 NB samples from 82 Dutch stage 4 NB patients (54 diagnosis BM samples, 143 BM samples during/after treatment, and 25 PB samples).
Results: We identified 2 panels of specific RQ-PCR markers for MRD detection in NB patients: 1 for analysis of BM samples (PHOX2B, TH, DDC, CHRNA3, and GAP43) and 1 for analysis of PB samples (PHOX2B, TH, DDC, DBH, and CHRNA3). These markers all showed high expression in NB tumors and no or low expression in control BM or PB samples. In patients’ samples, the PHOX2B marker detected most positive samples. In PB samples, however, 3 of 7 PHOX2B-negative samples were positive for 1 or more markers, and in BM examinations during treatment, 7% (6 of 86) of the PHOX2B-negative samples were positive for another marker.
Conclusions: Because of differences in the sensitivities of the markers in BM and PB, we advise the use of 2 different panels to detect MRD in these compartments.
Relationships among Risk Factors for Concussion in Minor Ice Hockey
Authors: Cubos Jeff , Baker Joseph , Faught Brent , McAuliffe Jim , Keightley Michelle L. , McPherson Moira , Macpherson Alison , Reed Nick , Duggan Catrin , Taha Tim , Montelpare William J. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
There is increasing concern among parents, coaches, and officials about injury risk in youth ice hockey, particularly in light of recent evidence suggesting that incidence of serious injury is considerably under reported. However, an adequate method for ascertaining injury risk for concussion does not yet exist. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among variables measuring exposure and head impact forces in a group of representative level bantam aged hockey players. Across an entire hockey season, trained research assistants attended games and recorded the duration of time spent on the ice for each player (i.e., exposure time) and total number of body contacts using time-on-task software designed specifically for this study. A body contact included any intentional or incidental contact between two players. Collectively, these variables provide a simple, easily administered measure of head injury risk for researchers collecting data in this area. However, their relationship to actual brain trauma is unknown. To this end, head acceleration data were also collected using helmet-based accelerometers that provide measures of linear accelerations experienced by each player. These data were collected by telemetry methods and represent data that are likely very useful for injury researchers but not without sufficient costs. Results demonstrated low associations among the data sources. A method based on combining data sources (through an examination of their potential relationships) is proposed to maximize the potential to identify at-risk youth in minor hockey.
Serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from middle ear fluids of children aged 0–24 months with acute otitis media
Authors: Ivády Balázs , Pásztor Mónika 
Published: May 2009

Az akut otitis media a két éven aluli korcsoport egyik leggyakoribb betegsége, amelynek legfőbb bakteriális kórokozója a
Streptococcus pneumoniae
. A jelenleg elérhető, hét szerotípus elleni védelmet adó konjugált pneumococcusvakcina világszerte jelentős hatással van az otitis media, különösen a vakcinában megtalálható hét szerotípusba tartozó pneumococcusok okozta otitis media előfordulására. Az oltás hatékonysága az adott régióban észlelt otopatogén pneumococcus törzsek szerotípus-megoszlásától függ.
A vizsgálat célja:
Kétévesnél fiatalabb gyermekekben középfülgyulladást okozó
S. pneumoniae
törzsek szerotípusának és antibiotikum-érzékenységének meghatározása, és ezek összehasonlítása a nemzetközi adatokkal.
Betegek és módszerek:
2002 és 2005 között 10 budapesti gyermekgyógyászati intézményben megjelent, 0–24 hónapos korú, otitis media acutában szenvedő gyermek dobüregi váladékából 73
S. pneumoniae
törzset izoláltunk, amelyeket a Fővárosi Szent László Kórház Mikrobiológiai Laboratóriumában identifikáltuk és Quellung-reakció segítségével szerotipizáltuk. Az antibiotikum-érzékenységi vizsgálatokat a laboratórium a Magyar Mikrobiológiai Társaság által elfogadott standard módszerek alapján végezte és értékelte.
Eredmények:
A 73 izolált
S. pneumoniae
törzs 14 szerotípust reprezentált. A 14 (13,7%), a 19F (13,7%), a 6B (13,7%), a 23A (11%) és a 3 (9,6%) szerotípusok voltak a leggyakoribbak. A törzsek 63%-a tartozott a hét szerotípus ellen védelmet nyújtó konjugált vakcinában megtalálható szerotípusba. A penicillinre mérsékelten érzékeny törzsek aránya 41% volt, e törzsek 90%-a a vakcina szerotípusaiba tartozott. Penicillinrezisztenciát nem észleltünk. A leginkább rezisztens törzsek a 9V, 14, 19F szerotípusokba tartoztak.
Következtetés:
Az otopatogén
S. pneumoniae
törzsek szerotípus-megoszlása a hét szerotípus ellen védelmet adó konjugált pneumococcusvakcináció szempontjából az egyéb régiókban megismerteknek megfelel. Ennek alapján az oltás hatása az otitis media előfordulására a külföldi tanulmányokban igazoltakhoz hasonló lehet majd Magyarországon is.
Growth and Survival of Juvenile June Suckers in Enclosures in Utah Lake: Feasibility of Modified Cage Culture for an Endangered Species
Authors: Billman Eric J , Belk Mark C 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
An objective of the recovery program for the federally endangered June sucker Chasmistes liorus is to produce large numbers of artificially propagated individuals to augment the wild population and offset recruitment deficits. We tested the feasibility of modified cage culture in Utah Lake, Utah, as a cost-effective addition to the current hatchery program. Specifically, we examined the survival and growth of age-0 June suckers from July to September at two densities (62 and 187 fish/m3) in two cage types (fixed and floating; n = 12 cages total) in a complete factorial design and compared the cost of production with hatchery costs of production. June suckers were not given supplemental feed during the study but instead preyed on zooplankton that drifted into the cages. Mean survival of June suckers was 45.5% and was not significantly different between cage types or density. Cage design significantly affected growth of June suckers, with fish growing larger in floating cages (mean standard length [SL] = 56.7 mm) than in fixed cages (mean SL = 49.6 mm). Density significantly affected growth in fixed cages (mean SL = 52.5 and 46.6 mm in low- and high-density cages, respectively) but did not significantly affect growth in floating cages. Comparison of costs of production between cage and hatchery production indicates that cage culture would be a cost-effective addition to the current June sucker augmentation program.