bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic exploration and repair of brachial plexus with telerobotic manipulation: a cadaver trial
Authors: Mantovani Gustavo , Liverneaux Philippe , Garcia Jose Carlos , Berner Stacey H. , Bednar Michael S. , Mohr Catherine J. 
Published: April 2011

Object
The aim of this paper was to develop an effective minimally invasive approach to brachial plexus surgery and to determine the feasibility of using telerobotic manipulation to perform a diagnostic dissection and microsurgical repair of the brachial plexus utilizing an entirely endoscopic approach.

Methods
The authors performed an endoscopic approach using 3 supraclavicular portals in 2 fresh human cadaver brachial plexuses with the aid of the da Vinci telemanipulation system. Dissection was facilitated inflating the area with CO2 at 4 mm Hg pressure. The normal supraclavicular plexus was dissected in its entirety to confirm the feasibility of a complete supraclavicular brachial plexus diagnostic exploration. Subsequently, an artificial lesion to the upper trunk was created, and nerve graft reconstruction was performed. Images and video of the entire procedure were obtained and edited to illustrate the technique.

Results
All supraclavicular structures of the brachial plexus could be safely dissected and identified, similar to the experience in open surgery. The reconstruction of the upper trunk with nerve graft was successfully completed using an epineural microsurgical suture technique performed exclusively with the aid of the robot. There were no instances of inadvertent macroscopic damage to the vascular and nervous structures involved.

Conclusions
An endoscopic approach to the brachial plexus is feasible. The use of the robot makes it possible to perform microsurgical procedures in a very small space with telemanipulation and minimally invasive techniques. The ability to perform a minimally invasive procedure to explore and repair a brachial plexus injury may provide a new option in the acute management of these injuries.
Surgical management of multiple thoracic disc herniations via a transfacet approach: a report of 15 cases
Authors: Arnold Paul M. , Johnson Philip L. , Anderson Karen K. 
Published: April 2011

ObjectSymptomatic thoracic disc herniations (TDHs) are rare, and multiple TDHs account for an even smaller percentage of symptomatic herniated discs. Most TDHs are found in the lower thoracic spine, with more than 75% occurring below T-8. The authors report a series of 15 patients with multiple symptomatic TDHs treated with a modified transfacet approach.MethodsFifteen patients (9 women and 6 men) with a total of 32 symptomatic TDHs were treated surgically at the authors' institution between 1994 and 2010. The average patient age was 51.1 years. Thirteen patients had 2-level herniation and 2 patients had 3-level disease. The most commonly involved level was T7–8 (10 herniations), followed by T6–7 and T8–9 (6 herniations each). All patients had long-standing myelopathic and/or radicular complaints at the time of presentation. Each disc that exhibited radiographically confirmed compression of the spinal cord or nerve root was considered for resection. Only patients with lateral disc herniations were considered for the modified transfacet approach; patients with a centrally herniated disc underwent ventral or ventral-lateral procedures. The average follow-up time was 30 months.ResultsAll patients had successful resection of their herniated discs. All patients with preoperative weakness demonstrated improved strength, and 11 of 12 patients with preoperative pain showed improvement in pain. Sensory loss was less consistently improved. The 2 patients who underwent posterior fixation and fusion achieved radiographically confirmed fusion by the 1-year follow-up. Nine of 10 patients who were working returned to their jobs. Eleven of 12 patients with preoperative back or radicular pain had drastic or complete pain resolution; 1 patient had no change in pain. All 7 patients with preoperative ambulatory difficulty had postoperative gait improvement. Complications were minimal.ConclusionsMultiple symptomatic herniated thoracic discs are rare causes of pain and disability, but should be treated surgically because good outcomes can be achieved with acceptably low morbidity.
Des œuvres analysées au corpus effectif au cycle 3 : un processus complexe
Authors: Estève Dominique 
Published: April 2011

Les enseignants du cycle 3 doivent initier leurs élèves à la lecture littéraire en leur proposant des textes résistants et polysémiques. Ils sont soumis à une double exigence : exercer les élèves à la compréhension fine et les initier à tous les enjeux de la littérature. À partir du corpus indicatif, les jeunes enseignants privilégient des œuvres qui permettent de travailler des points de résistance des textes. Ils consultent volontiers les sites pédagogiques en ligne pour y trouver des dispositifs d’études. Ces derniers élisent certains ouvrages comme exemplaires pour étudier un procédé structurel donné. Ils proposent des questionnaires de lecture servant à repérer ce procédé sans faire expliciter aux élèves les processus d’inférences nécessaires ni prendre en compte les effets littéraires visés. Néanmoins la lecture en réseau élargit le corpus et en jouant sur les analogies permet aux élèves de mieux entrer dans la lecture littéraire.
Soft Functional Interfaces
Authors: Steitz Roland , Dahint Reiner 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper summarizes novel aspects of soft functional interfaces as revealed by surface sensitive neutron and X‐ray scattering in combination with complementary methods of characterization such as infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The paper exclusively examines stratified soft solid–liquid interfaces and potential precursors. At first the occurrence of depletion layers at the interfaces and their relevance for biocompatibility is discussed. Further, strategies of implementing functional units into surface coatings to achieve interfaces that are reversibly altered as a function of external stimuli are described. The paper finishes with a compilation of protein resistant interfaces and a brief survey on potential repulsion mechanisms.
A Hollow‐Core, Magnetic, and Mesoporous Double‐Shell Nanostructure: In Situ Decomposition/Reduction Synthesis, Bioimaging, and Drug‐Delivery Properties
Authors: Wu Huixia , Zhang Shengjian , Zhang Jiamin , Liu Gang , Shi Jianlin , Zhang Lingxia , Cui Xiangzhi , Ruan Meiling , He Qianjun , Bu Wenbo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA novel in situ decomposition/reduction approach is developed to manu­facture hollow core, magnetic, and mesoporous double‐shell nanostructures (HMMNSs) via in situ decomposition and reduction of a β‐FeOOH nanorod core and organosilicate‐incorporated silica‐shell precursor. The formed HMMNSs are then aminated by silanization for further covalent conjugation to rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains. The resultant RBITC‐grafted and PEGylated nanocomposites (HMMNS–R/Ps) have excellent blood compatibility and very low cytotoxicity towards HeLa and MCF‐7 cells, and can be taken up by cancer cells effectively in a dose‐dependent manner, as confirmed by in vitro flow cytometry, confocal luminescence imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. In vivo MRI studies coupled with Prussian blue staining of slides from different organs show that the nanocomposites preferentially accumulate in liver and spleen after intravenous injection, which suggests a potential application of the nanocomposites as MRI contrast agents. Importantly, the HMMNS–R/P nanocomposites show high loading capacity for water‐insoluble anticancer drugs (docetaxel or camptothecin) owing to the presence of a large inner cavity and enhanced surface area and pore volume. Furthermore, the drug‐loaded nanocomposites exhibit greater cytotoxicity than the corresponding free drugs. These results confirm that the HMMNS–R/P nanocomposites are promising candidates for simultaneous bioimaging and drug delivery.
Surface Chemistry: Surface‐Confined Self‐Assembly of Di‐carbonitrile Polyphenyls (Adv. Funct. Mater. 7/2011)
Authors: Klyatskaya Svetlana , Klappenberger Florian , Schlickum Uta , Kühne Dirk , Marschall Matthias , Reichert Joachim , Decker Régis , Krenner Wolfgang , Zoppellaro Giorgio , Brune Harald , Barth Johannes V. , Ruben Mario 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis Feature Article reports on the controlled formation and structure‐functionality aspects of vacuum‐deposited self‐assembled organic and metal‐organic networks at metal surfaces using ditopic linear and nonlinear molecular bricks, namely di‐carbonitrile polyphenyls. Surface confined supramolecular organization of linear aromatic molecules leads to a fascinating variety of open networks. Moreover, cobalt‐directed assembly of the same linear linkers reveals highly regular, open honeycomb networks with tunable pore sizes representing versatile templates for the organization of molecular guests or metal clusters and the control of supramolecular dynamers. In addition, the 2D nanopore organic networks act as arrays of quantum corrals exhibiting confinement of the surface‐electronic states of the metallic substrate. A reduction of the linker symmetry leads to the formation of disordered, glassy coordination networks, which represent a structural model for amorphous materials.
Electrochemical Considerations for Determining Absolute Frontier Orbital Energy Levels of Conjugated Polymers for Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Cardona Claudia M. , Li Wei , Kaifer Angel E. , Stockdale David , Bazan Guillermo C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNarrow bandgap conjugated polymers in combination with fullerene acceptors are under intense investigation in the field of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The open circuit voltage, and thereby the power conversion efficiency, of the devices is related to the offset of the frontier orbital energy levels of the donor and acceptor components,1, 2 which are widely determined by cyclic voltammetry. Inconsistencies have appeared in the use of the ferrocenium/ferrocene (Fc+/Fc) redox couple, as well as the values used for the absolute potentials of standard electrodes, which can complicate the comparison of materials properties and determination of structure/property relationships.
Multiple increased osteoclast functions in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Stevenson David A. , Yan Jincheng , He Yongzheng , Li Huijie , Liu Yaling , Zhang Qi , Jing Yongmin , Guo Zhiping , Zhang Wei , Yang Dalong , Wu Xiaohua , Hanson Heather , Li Xiaohong , Staser Karl , Viskochil David H. , Carey John C. , Chen Shi , Miller Lucy , Roberson Kent , Moyer‐Mileur Laurie , Yu Menggang , Schwarz Elisabeth L. , Pasquali Marzia , Yang Feng‐Chun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSkeletal abnormalities including scoliosis, tibial dysplasia, sphenoid wing dysplasia, and decreased bone mineral density (BMD) are associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). We report the cellular phenotype of NF1 human‐derived osteoclasts and compare the in vitro findings with the clinical phenotype. Functional characteristics (e.g., osteoclast formation, migration, adhesion, resorptive capacity) and cellular mechanistic alterations (e.g., F‐actin polymerization, MAPK phosphorylation, RhoGTPase activity) from osteoclasts cultured from peripheral blood of individuals with NF1 (N = 75) were assessed. Osteoclast formation was compared to phenotypic, radiologic, and biochemical data. NF1 osteoprogenitor cells demonstrated increased osteoclast forming capacity. Human NF1‐derived osteoclasts demonstrated increased migration, adhesion, and in vitro bone resorption. These activities coincided with increased actin belt formation and hyperactivity in MAPK and RhoGTPase pathways. Although osteoclast formation was increased, no direct correlation of osteoclast formation with BMD, markers of bone resorption, or the clinical skeletal phenotype was observed suggesting that osteoclast formation in vitro cannot directly predict NF1 skeletal phenotypes. While NF1 haploinsufficiency produces a generalized osteoclast gain‐in‐function and may contribute to increased bone resorption, reduced BMD, and focal skeletal defects associated with NF1, additional and perhaps local modifiers are likely required for the development of skeletal abnormalities in NF1. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐syndromic language delay in a child with disruption in the Protocadherin11X/Y gene pair
Authors: Speevak Marsha D. , Farrell Sandra A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractProtocadherin11 is located on both the X and Y chromosomes in Homo sapiens but only on the X chromosome in other hominid species. The pairing of PCDH11Y with PCDH11X arose following a duplicative 3.5 Mb translocation from the ancestral X chromosome to the Y chromosome several million years ago. The genes are highly expressed in fetal brain and spinal cord. The evolutionary consequence of this duplication has been proposed to include the sexual dimorphism of cerebral asymmetry and the hominid specific transition to the capacity for language. We report a case of a male child referred for genetic investigation of severe language delay. Microarray analysis indicated the presence of a 220 Kb intragenic deletion at Xq21.31 involving the PCDH11X gene. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using a BAC probe mapping to intron 2 of the Protocadherin11X/Y gene pair confirmed loss of the locus on both the X and Y chromosomes. The X chromosome deletion was maternally inherited, but the Y chromosome deletion was found to be a de novo occurrence in this child. This finding lends support to the hypothesis that the Protocadherin11X/Y gene plays a role in language development in humans and that rare copy number variation is a possible mechanism for communication disorders. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microduplications in an autism multiplex family narrow the region of susceptibility for developmental disorders on 15q24 and implicate 7p21
Authors: Cukier Holly N. , Salyakina Daria , Blankstein Sarah F. , Robinson Joycelyn L. , Sacharow Stephanie , Ma Deqiong , Wright Harry H. , Abramson Ruth K. , Menon Ramkumar , Williams Scott M. , Haines Jonathan L. , Cuccaro Michael L. , Gilbert John R. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCopy number variations (CNVs) play a crucial role in the intricate genetics of autism spectrum disorders. A region on chromosome 15q24 vulnerable to both deletions and duplications has been previously implicated in a range of phenotypes including autism, Asperger's syndrome, delayed development, and mild to severe mental retardation. Prior studies have delineated a minimal critical region of approximately 1.33 Mb. In this study, a multiplex autism family was evaluated for CNVs using genotyping data from the Illumina 1 M BeadChip and analyzed with the PennCNV algorithm. Variants were then identified that co‐segregate with autism features in this family. Here, we report autistic first cousins who carry two microduplications concordant with disease. Both duplications were inherited maternally and found to be identical by descent. The first is an approximately 10,000 base pair microduplication within the minimal region on 15q24 that falls across a single gene, ubiquitin‐like 7. This is the smallest duplication in the region to result in a neuropsychiatric disorder, potentially narrowing the critical region for susceptibility to developmental and autism spectrum disorders. The second is a novel, 352 kb tandem duplication on 7p21 that replicates part of the neurexophilin 1 and islet cell autoantigen 1 genes. The breakpoint junction falls within the intronic regions of these genes and demonstrates a microhomology of four base pairs. Each of these microduplications may contribute to the complex etiology of autism spectrum disorders. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In situ endothelialization of intravascular stents from progenitor stem cells coated with nanocomposite and functionalized biomolecules
Authors: Motwani Meghna S. , Rafiei Yasmin , Tzifa Aphrodite , Seifalian Alexander M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOwing to their noninvasive nature, coronary artery stents have become popular demand for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Late restenosis, in‐stent restenosis, and late thrombosis, all mediated by the denuded endothelium, represent the most recurrent failures of vascular stent induction. Higher patency rates of stents can be achieved by restoring the native internal environment of the vessel—an endothelium monolayer. This active organ inhibits the inflammatory reaction to injury responsible for thrombus and intimal hyperplasia, thereby providing a novel therapeutic option to combat the unacceptably high prevalence of restenosis. As the climax of the nanotechnology era approaches, tissue engineering is being explored by means of exploiting the multipotent abilities of stem cells and their adherence to bioactive surface nanocomposite polymers. The endothelium can be reconstructed from neighboring intact endothelium and adherence of circulating endothelium progenitor cells. The latter takes place via a series of signaling events: mobilization, adhesion, chemoattraction, migration, proliferation, and finally their differentiation in mature endothelial cells. A nanotopography surface can orchestrate endothelium formation, attributable to cellular interactions promoted by its nanosize. This review encompasses the prospect of in situ endothelialization, the mechanisms regulating the process, and the advantages of using a new generation of bioactive nanocomposite materials for coating metal stent scaffolds.
Prospective observational study to evaluate NOTSS (Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons) for assessing trainees' non-technical performance in the operating theatre
Authors: Crossley J , Marriott J , Purdie H , Beard J D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Most surgical assessment has been aimed at technical proficiency. However, non-technical skills also affect patient safety and clinical effectiveness. The NOTSS (Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons) assessment instrument was developed specifically to assess the non-technical skills of individual surgeons in the operating theatre. This study evaluated NOTSS as a real-world assessment, with a mix of minimally trained assessors. The evaluation criteria were feasibility, validity and psychometric reliability.

Methods
In a standard evaluation of NOTSS, 56 anaesthetists, 39 scrub nurses, two surgical care practitioners and three independent assessors provided 715 assessments of 404 surgical cases of 15 index procedures across six specialties performed by 85 surgical trainees.

Results
The assessment was feasible, but important implementation challenges were highlighted. Most respondents considered the method valid, but with reservations about assessing cognition. The factor structure of scores, and their positive relationships with other measures of experience and performance, supported validity. Trainees' non-technical skill scores were relatively procedure-independent and achieved good reliability (generalizability coefficient 0·8 or more) when six to eight assessors observed one case each.

Conclusion
Minimally trained assessors, who are typically present in operating theatres, were sufficiently discriminating and consistent in their judgements of trainee surgeons' non-technical skills to provide reliable scores based on an achievable number of observations.
Oesophagogastrectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy for caustic injury
Authors: Lefrancois M , Gaujoux S , Resche-Rigon M , Chirica M , Munoz-Bongrand N , Sarfati E , Cattan P 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
The justification for pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for extended duodenal and pancreatic caustic necrosis is still a matter of debate.

Methods
This was a retrospective evaluation of patients who underwent PD in association with oesophagogastrectomy from a large single-centre cohort of patients with caustic injuries. Morbidity, mortality and long-term outcome were assessed.

Results
PD was performed in 18 (6·6 per cent) of 273 patients who underwent emergency surgery for caustic injuries. Biliary and pancreatic duct reconstruction during PD was performed in ten and six patients respectively. Seven patients died and 17 experienced operative complications after PD for caustic injuries. Twelve patients required at least one reoperation. Specific PD-related complications occurred in 13 patients. Initial (P = 0·038) or secondary (P &lt; 0·001) extension of necrosis to adjacent organs were independent predictors of operative death. After a median follow-up of 24 months following reconstruction, three patients had recovered nutritional autonomy. In an intention-to-treat analysis, functional success was recorded in three patients and the 5-year survival rate was 39 per cent after PD for caustic injury.

Conclusion
PD can save the lives of patients with caustic injuries extending beyond the pylorus, but has poor functional outcome. Immediate pancreatic duct reconstruction should be preferred to duct occlusion to decrease the rate of pancreatic complications.
Construction of stable multivariate calibration models using unsupervised segmented principal component regression
Authors: Hemmateenejad Bahram , Karimi Sadegh 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn multivariate spectral calibration by principal component regression (PCR), the principal components (PCs) are calculated from the response data measured at all employed instrument channels; however some channels are redundant and their responses do not possess useful information. Thus, the extracted PCs possess mixed information from both useful and redundant channels. In this work, we propose a segmentation approach based on unsupervised pattern recognition to identify the most informative spectral region and then to construct a stable multivariate calibration model by PCR. In this method, the instrument channels are clustered into different segments via Kohonen self‐organization map. The spectral data of each segment are then subjected to PCA and the derived PCs are used as input variables for an inverse least square (ILS) regression model employing stepwise selection of the informative PCs. The proposed method was evaluated by the analysis of four simulated and six experimental data sets. It was found that our proposed method can model the above data sets with prediction errors lower than conventional partial least squares (PLS) and PCR methods. In addition, the prediction ability of our method was better than the previously reported models for these data sets. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Stabilization of Th3+ Ions into Mixed‐Valence Thorium Fluoride.
Authors: Dubois Marc , Dieudonne Belto , Mesbah Adel , Bonnet Pierre , El‐Ghozzi Malika , Renaudin Guillaume , Avignant Daniel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLi2+xTh12F50 (0 < x < 1.8) is prepared by solid state reaction of an 1:4 mixture of LiF and ThF4 (Pt tube, 550 °C, 72 h) and characterized by powder XRD, 7Li MAS NMR and EPR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic Effect: Hydroalkoxylation of Allenes Through Combination of Enantiopure BIPHEP‐Gold Complexes and Chiral Anions.
Authors: Aikawa Kohsuke , Kojima Masafumi , Mikami Koichi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAllenes (I) undergo intramolecular cyclization in the presence of a combination of a neutral chiral dinuclear gold complex and a chiral silver phosphate to give furan derivatives with up to 95% enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity and Regioselectivity in Stille Couplings of 3‐Substituted 2,4‐Dichloropyridines.
Authors: Khoje Abhijit Datta , Gundersen Lise‐Lotte 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reactivity of substrates (I) with 2‐furyltributyltin is studied.