bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cochlear implantation in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct
Authors: Lee Kenneth H. , Lee James , Isaacson Brandon , Kutz J. Walter , Roland Peter S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine audiometric outcomes and complications of cochlear implantation in patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA).Study Design:Retrospective review at a tertiary care children's hospital.Methods:Twenty‐three patients with EVA who underwent cochlear implantation were reviewed using postoperative pure‐tone averages (PTA), speech perception thresholds (SPT), Phonetically Balanced Kindergarten test (PBK50) sentence testing scores, and review of complications.Results:Of the 23 patients, the average age at initial cochlear implant referral was 4.7 years, and the average age at implantation was 5.3 years. EVA was diagnosed by computed tomography (nine patients), magnetic resonance imaging (10 patients), or both (four patients). EVA was identified bilaterally in 19 and unilaterally in four patients. Overall, the mean postoperative PTA was 30.5 dB (±8.6 dB standard deviation [SD]), and mean SPT was 25.9 dB (±8.1 dB SD). A subset of the patients had postoperative PBK50 sentence testing and the average score was 58% (range, 12%–84%). Four children were implanted within 1 month from entrance into our cochlear implant program (early implanted), and three children were implanted more than 10 months after program entrance (late implanted). The mean postoperative PTA was 40.3 dB (±7.6 dB SD) for the early group and 26.3 dB (±4.2 dB SD) for the late group. Four patients had reported complications, three had intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) gushers at the cochleostomy site, and one had postoperative infection requiring implant removal and reimplantation.Conclusions:Children with EVA undergoing cochlear implantation are at greater risk for CSF gushers, but they do well audiometrically and functionally. Laryngoscope, 2010
Sensory dysmodulation in vestibular migraine
Authors: Murdin Louisa , Premachandra Presanna , Davies Rosalyn 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To seek evidence of sensory dysmodulation in auditory brainstem reflexes in patients with vestibular migraine by studying suppression of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) by contralateral noise.Study Design:A prospective case‐control study.Methods:The authors measured contralateral suppression of OAEs in a group of 33 interictal patients with definite vestibular migraine (migrainous vertigo) according to the strict diagnostic criteria of Neuhauser (2001), and compared them with 31 nonmigrainous controls with matching age and sex distributions. Suppression values were then compared with previously published departmental normative data. In three patients, recordings were compared in the ictal and interictal states.Results:OAE suppression was reduced in 11/33 patients, and 3/31 controls (P = .022 χ2 test). Binary logistic regression analysis confirmed that the presence of vestibular migraine was significantly associated with abnormal suppression, but no such relationship was seen for symptoms of phonophobia or disease duration. The amplitude of variability between the ictal and interictal state was out of the normal range in 2 out of the 3 patients in whom such recordings were made.Conclusions:These results provide support for the notion of interictal auditory sensory dysmodulation in an as yet unidentified subset of migraineurs with vestibular migraine. Laryngoscope, 2010
Photo‐Initiated Dispersion Polymerization of Copolymer Microspheres in a Closed System: Poly(MMA‐co‐MAA)
Authors: Huang Zhenxun , Sun Fengqiang , Liang Shangheng , Wang Hongjuan , Shi Guang , Tao Lijun , Tan Jianxiong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA simple closed system is introduced to construct copolymer microspheres with specific surface groups by low‐power UV irradiation. As an example, poly(MMA‐co‐MAA) microspheres with narrow size distribution were prepared by photo‐initiated dispersion polymerization. Sizes and size distributions of the microspheres were closely related to light intensity, composition of dispersion medium and the concentrations of initiators, stabilizers, and monomers. Many carboxyl groups could be moored on the spheres' surfaces, which enabled the construction of nanostructures on the surface. Many copolymer microspheres with different surface functional groups, such as –NH2, –SH, –OH, etc. could be directly prepared in an ordinary laboratory.magnified image
Supramolecular Hydrogels with CdS Quantum Dots Incorporated by Host–Guest Interactions
Authors: Guo Mingyu , Jiang Ming 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this communication, β‐cyclodextrin modified quantum dots were used as a water‐soluble “supramolecular” cross‐linker (SCL) because of its surface's supramolecular activity. The guest monomer‐loaded SCL (mSCL) can be used to copolymerize with water‐soluble monomers leading to transparent hybrid supramolecular hydrogels. This simple and versatile method opens new venues for the preparation of hybrid supramolecular hydrogels and the host–guest chemistry of cyclodextrins.magnified image
The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study‐2 (NEMESIS‐2): design and methods
Authors: de Graaf Ron , ten Have Margreet , van Dorsselaer Saskia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe psychiatric epidemiological population study NEMESIS‐2 (Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study‐2) replicates and expands the first Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS‐1) conducted from 1996 to 1999. The main objectives of the new study are to provide up‐to‐date figures on the prevalence, incidence, course and consequences of mental disorders, and to study trends in mental disorders and service use, with the use of a new sample. New topics not included in NEMESIS‐1 were added, e.g. impulse‐control disorders, and genetic correlates of mental disorders through gathering DNA from saliva samples. This paper gives an overview of the design of NEMESIS‐2, especially of its recently completed first wave. NEMESIS‐2 is a prospective study among Dutch‐speaking subjects aged 18–64 years from the general Dutch population. Its baseline wave included 6646 subjects. Three waves are planned with three year‐intervals between the waves. A multistage, stratified random sampling procedure was applied. The baseline wave of NEMESIS‐2 was performed between November 2007 and July 2009. Face‐to‐face interviews were administered with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 3.0. The response rate was 65.1%, and 76.4% of the respondents donated saliva. The sample was reasonably nationally representative, but younger subjects were somewhat underrepresented. In conclusion, we were able to build a comprehensive dataset of good quality, permitting several topics to be studied in the future. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemikalienpolitik – die Agenda für die EU‐Ratspräsidentschaft
Authors: Lahl Uwe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDeutschland hat in den nächsten Monaten die Chance, in Sachen Chemikaliensicherheit europa‐ und weltweit Akzente zu setzen. Mit dem Leitmotiv “Umwelt – Innovation – Beschäftigung” hat das Bundesumweltministerium die Roadmap für die nächsten Monate festgelegt sowie Termine und Veranstaltungen koordiniert.
Die Diskussion starten
Authors: Guggolz Ernst 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Chemie als eine der Basis‐ und Querschnittswissenschaften unterliegt einem ständigen Wandel. Auf der GDCh‐Vorstandssitzung im Dezember 2006 diskutierten Mitglieder der GDCh‐Kommission “Perspektive 2015” mögliche und nötige Konsequenzen für die Gesellschaft. Das hier dokumentierte Gespräch soll die Diskussion aller GDCh‐Mitglieder eröffnen.
Kamera zeigt Details einer Schwarzpulverexplosion
Authors: Hesper Johannes 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHochgeschwindigkeitsphänomene wie Schockwellen auf den Flügeln eines Düsenjets oder bei einer Schwarzpulverexplosion hält die Ultra‐Highspeed‐Videokamera HPV‐1 mit bis zu 1 000 000 Bildern pro Sekunde ebenso fest wie chemische Reaktionen.
Changes in quality of life in forensic psychiatric outpatients after 6 months of community‐based treatment
Authors: Bouman Yvonne H. A. , De Ruiter Corine , Schene Aart H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOver the last few decades, quality of life (QoL) has become an important outcome measure for treatment success in general psychiatry. So far, this is not the case in forensic psychiatry, although several (treatment) models include factors related to QoL, such as the good lives model. In this study, we investigated change in QoL over a 6‐month treatment period in 102 forensic outpatients with personality disorders (PDs) or traits of PDs. To this end, the extended Dutch version of the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile was used.Objective indicators of QoL did not change during these 6 months, with one exception: Significantly more patients reported to have a helping friend at the second time point. Eight of 10 subjective indicators of QoL changed differentially for patients with different baseline levels of QoL. Those with low scores showed significant improvement on nine indicators, whereas those with high scores reported a lower QoL after 6 months on five indicators. Treatment intensity, mood and severity of PD did not mediate these changes. Subjective QoL deserves consideration as an important theoretical construct in forensic treatment and the Lancashire QoL Profile is sensitive to change during such treatment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and mechanism of gas‐phase pyrolysis of ylides. Part 3.1 Thermal reactivity of α‐carbonyl‐ and thiocarbonyl‐stabilized methylenetriphenylphosphoranes
Authors: Al‐Bashir Rasha F. , Al‐Awadi Nouria A. , El‐Dusouqui Osman M. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFourteen ketone/thione‐stabilized triphenylphosphonium methylides were subjected to conventional gas‐phase and flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP). The kinetics of the first‐order thermal gas‐phase reactions of all these compounds were investigated over 360–653 K temperature range. The values of the Arrhenius log A and energy of activation of these ylides averaged 11.52 ± 0.34 s−1 and 133.20 ± 3.14 kJ mol−1, respectively. The products of sealed‐tube (static) and FVP were analyzed and compared. A mechanism is proposed to account for the products of reaction. The rate constants [k (s−1)] of the substrates at 500 K were calculated and used to substantiate the proposed mechanism of pyrolysis, and to rationalize the thermal gas‐phase reactivities of the ylides under study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of hydroxyl‐terminated poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) brushes on silicon wafer via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Turan Eylem , Caykara Tuncer 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSurface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) on silicon wafer in the presence of 2‐mercaptoethanol (ME) chain transfer agent was conducted in attempt to create controllable hydroxyl‐terminated brushes. The initiator‐immobilized substrate, was prepared by the esterification of hydroxyl groups on silicon wafer with 2‐bromopropionyl bromide (2‐BPB); followed by the ATRP of NIPAM using a catalyst system, that is, Cu(I)Br/2,2′‐bipyridine (2,2′‐bpy) and a chain transfer agent, that is, ME. The formation of homogeneous tethered poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (poly(NIPAM) brushes with hydroxyl end‐group, whose thickness can be tuned by chancing ME concentration, is evidenced by using the combination of grazing angle attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and water contact‐angle measurements. The calculation of grafting parameters from experimental measurements indicated the synthesis of densely grafted poly(NIPAM) films with hydroxyl end‐group on silicon wafer and allowed us to predict a ME concentration for forming a “brush” conformation for the chains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3880–3887, 2010
Synthesis of a norbornene monomer having cyclic carbonate moiety based on CO2 fixation and its transition metal‐catalyzed polymerizations
Authors: Sudo Atsushi , Morishita Hidetada , Endo Takeshi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA norbornene monomer bearing cyclic carbonate moiety (NB‐CC) was successfully synthesized from the corresponding precursor having epoxy moiety by its reaction with carbon dioxide under atmospheric pressure, which was efficiently catalyzed by lithium bromide. NB‐CC underwent the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) catalyzed by a ruthenium carbene complex to give the corresponding poly(norbornene), of which side chain inherited the cyclic carbonate moiety from the monomer without any deterioration. The same ROMP system was applicable to the copolymerization of NB‐CC and 5‐butyl‐2‐norbornene (BNB), which afforded the corresponding copolymer with a composition ratio same as a feed ratio. In addition, by using a catalytic system consisted of palladium (II) acetate/tricyclohexylphosphine/triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, the copolymerization of NB‐CC and BNC proceeded successfully in a vinyl addition polymerization mode to give the corresponding poly(norbornene) having CC moiety in the side chain. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3896–3902, 2010
Kinetics of RPECVD Organosilicon Polymer Post‐treatment in a N2/O2 Microwave Plasma Remote Afterglow
Authors: Rich Sami Abou , Mille Vianney , Vivien Céline , Godey Sylvie , Supiot Philippe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim of this work is to study the transformation of plasma polymerised tetramethyldisiloxane (ppTMDSO) films deposited by microwave induced RPECVD through exposure to a N2/O2 microwave plasma afterglow in a duplex reactor. The film thickness, structure and composition of the as‐deposited or transformed ppTMDSO films are determined by profilometry, interferometry, Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The analysis of the post‐treatment effect is carried out through a combination of results obtained from FTIR study and subsequent optical interferometry study during CF4 etching of deposits. A carbon removal and an enhancement of cross‐linking of the SiOSi chains are shown. We also propose a model to determine the transformed layer depth with taking the film contraction into account for the first time for this family of polymers.magnified image
The hunt for the 3′endonuclease
Authors: Dominski Zbigniew 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPre‐mRNAs are typically processed at the 3′end by cleavage/polyadenylation. This is a two‐step processing reaction initiated by endonucleolytic cleavage of pre‐mRNAs downstream of the AAUAAA sequence or its variant, followed by extension of the newly generated 3′end with a poly(A) tail. In metazoans, replication‐dependent histone transcripts are cleaved by a different 3′end processing mechanism that depends on the U7 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein and the polyadenylation step is omitted. Each of the two mechanisms occurs in a macromolecular assembly that primarily functions to juxtapose the scissile bond with the 3′endonuclease. Remarkably, despite characterizing a number of processing factors, the identity of this most critical component remained elusive until recently. For cleavage coupled to polyadenylation, much needed help was offered by bioinformatics, which pointed to CPSF‐73, a known processing factor required for both cleavage and polyadenylation, as the possible 3′endonuclease.In silicostructural analysis indicated that this protein is a member of the large metallo‐β‐lactamase family of hydrolytic enzymes and belongs to the β‐CASP subfamily that includes several RNA and DNA‐specific nucleases. Subsequent experimental studies supported the notion that CPSF‐73 does function as the endonuclease in the formation of polyadenylated mRNAs, but some controversy still remains as a different cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) subunit, CPSF‐30, displays an endonuclease activityin vitrowhile recombinant CPSF‐73 is inactive. Unexpectedly, CPSF‐73 as the 3′endonuclease in cleavage coupled to polyadenylation found a strong ally in U7‐dependent processing of histone pre‐mRNAs, which was shown to utilize the same protein as the cleaving enzyme. It thus seems likely that these two processing reactions evolved from a common mechanism, with CPSF‐73 as the endonuclease. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein ComplexesRNA Processing > 3' End Processing
An energy systems approach to Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wellstead Peter , Cloutier Mathieu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown despite it being the second most prevalent neurodegenerative condition. Indeed, there is a growing consensus that there is no single cause, and that PD is a multifactorial systemic condition, in which a number of factors may determine its etiopathogenesis. We describe a systems approach that addresses the multifactorial aspects of PD and overcomes constraints on conventional experimentation imposed by PD's causal complexity, its long temporal duration, and its uniqueness to human brains. Specifically, a mathematical model of brain energy metabolism is used as a core module to which other modules describing cellular processes thought to be associated with PD can be attached and studied in an integrative environment. Employing brain energy usage as the core of a systems approach also enables the potential role that compromised energy metabolism may have in the etiology of PD. Although developed for PD, it has not escaped our attention that the energy systems approach outlined here could also be applied to other neurodegenerative disorders—most notably Alzheimer's disease. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 1–6 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.107This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Analytical and Computational Methods > Dynamical Methods
Biological Mechanisms > Metabolism
Lymph Node Involvement and Surgical Approach in Parathyroid Cancer
Authors: Schulte Klaus‐Martin , Talat Nadia , Miell John , Moniz Caje , Sinha Prakash , Diaz‐Cano Salvador 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe best surgical approach to parathyroid cancer is disputed. Recommendations vary and are built on incoherent evidence. High rates of recurrence and death require an in‐depth review of underlying findings.MethodsThis retrospective study includes 11 patients with parathyroid cancer who underwent surgery with central and/or lateral neck dissection by a single surgeon between 2005 and 2010. The diagnosis was based on histopathological criteria in all patients. Patterns of lymph node and soft tissue involvement of these and formerly reported patients were analysed based on full‐text review of all published cases of parathyroid cancer.ResultsIn this series only 1 of 11 patients (9.1%) manifested lymph node metastasis. In the literature, lymph node metastases have been reported in only 6.5% of 972 published patients, or in 32.1% of the 196 in whom lymph node involvement was assessed by the authors. They were, with few exceptions, localised in the central compartment. Recurrence in soft tissue is more frequent than in locoregional lymph nodes.ConclusionOncologicalen blocclearance of the central compartment with meticulous removal of all possibly involved soft tissues, including a systematic central lymph node resection, may improve outcomes and should be included in the routine approach to the suspicious parathyroid lesion. There is no need for a prophylactic lateral neck dissection.
Development of a Novel Sandwich ELISA for Measuring Cell Lysate ABCA1 Protein Levels
Authors: Troutt Jason S. , Alborn William E. , Bellinger Melissa A. , Cox Karen L. , Ehsani Mariam E. , Wang Xiliang , Qian Yue‐wei , Sloan John H. , Willey Mark B. , Cao Guoqing , Konrad Robert J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractATP‐binding cassette transporter A‐1 (ABCA1) mediates the transfer of cellular cholesterol to lipid‐poor apolipoproteins. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are regulators of cholesterol homeostasis that increase transcription of ABCA1. Synthetic LXR agonists developed to date have been shown to induce ABCA1 mRNA expression and increase reverse cholesterol transport. Unfortunately, there have been few options for quantitatively measuring ABCA1 protein levels, including a previously described competitive ELISA standardized to an ABCA1 peptide with a sensitivity of 80 ng/ml. To address this unmet need, we developed a novel sandwich ELISA standardized to full‐length human recombinant ABCA1 protein with sensitivity of approximately 0.5 ng/ml. To determine if the sandwich ELISA had adequate sensitivity to detect LXR‐induced increases in ABCA1, we utilized it to measure ABCA1 levels in untreated and LXR agonist‐treated human (THP‐1) macrophage cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Data obtained from the ELISA demonstrated an approximately eightfold increase in ABCA1 levels in both macrophages as well as PBMC in response to LXR agonist treatment, and results were highly correlated with those obtained by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. Together, these results suggest that the sandwich ELISA may be a sensitive and effective method for quantitating ABCA1 protein levels.
Re-Mapping the Nation: Cartography, Geographical Knowledge and Ecuadorean Multiculturalism
Authors: RADCLIFFE SARAH A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStarting from an understanding that maps of an entire nation-state territory reflect and regulate state projects and expressions of national identity, rather than providing detailed technical information for decision making, this paper examines the national maps of race/ethnicity produced under Ecuador's state-led multiculturalism. Using national-scale cartography as a means to examine contested processes of rearticulating state, citizen and nation, the paper analyses recent transformations in cartography, nation building and geographical knowledge in Ecuador. Directing a critical analysis towards the ways maps of indigenous populations are produced, circulated, authorised and read provides a distinctive lens by which to explore postcolonial questions of belonging, rights and presence. The paper discusses how, despite the emergence of innovative maps, the plurinational project envisaged by indigenous cartographers remains stymied by a series of material, cultural and postcolonial limitations.
A DETERMINANT FORMULA FOR RELATIVE CONGRUENCE ZETA FUNCTIONS FOR CYCLOTOMIC FUNCTION FIELDS
Authors: SHIOMI DAISUKE 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRosen gave a determinant formula for relative class numbers for cyclotomic function fields, which may be regarded as an analogue of the classical Maillet determinant. In this paper, we give a determinant formula for relative congruence zeta functions for cyclotomic function fields. Our formula may be regarded as a generalization of the determinant formula for the relative class number.
Inherent Vice: Minsky, Markomata, and the tendency of markets to undermine themselves
Authors: MIROWSKI PHILIP 
Published: July 2010

Abstract:Most current explanations of the crisis which began in 2007/8 tend to search for scapegoats, in the format of behavioral flaws. Their treatment of ‘risk’ is an important signpost to where such theories go awry. This paper suggests a structural theory of the crisis, informed by Institutionalist themes. We insist there is an alternative to a neoclassical macroeconomics, in the guise of possible alternative heterodox microfoundations for Minsky's account of economic crises, beyond the Kaleckian markup model. The sketch is based upon elevation of some formal notions of computational complexity to pride of place, and characterization of crises as a collapse of complexity. It is an attempt to portray a market system evolving to a point of ‘inherent vice’: an endogenous development which by its very nature, cannot be tamed through conventional insurance or risk models.