bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capecitabine in Addition to Anthracycline- and Taxane-Based Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients With Primary Breast Cancer: Phase III GeparQuattro Study
Authors: von Minckwitz Gunter , Rezai Mahdi , Loibl Sibylle , Fasching Peter A. , Huober Jens , Tesch Hans , Bauerfeind Ingo , Hilfrich Jörn , Eidtmann Holger , Gerber Bernd , Hanusch Claus , Kühn Thorsten , du Bois Andreas , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Thomssen Christoph , Dan Costa Serban , Jackisch Christian , Kaufmann Manfred , Mehta Keyur , Untch Michael 
Published: March 2010

Purpose Capecitabine can be integrated either concomitantly or sequentially to anthracycline-plus-taxane–based regimens. Patients and Methods Patients with large operable or locally advanced tumors, with hormone receptor–negative tumors, or with receptor-positive tumors but also clinically node-positive disease were recruited to receive preoperatively four cycles of epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide (EC; epirubicin 90 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2). Patients were then randomly assigned to four cycles of docetaxel (100 mg/m2), four cycles of docetaxel + capecitabine (TX; docetaxel 75 mg/m2 plus capecitabine 1,800 mg/m2), or four cycles of docetaxel (75 mg/m2) followed by four cycles of capecitabine (1,800 mg/m2; T-X). Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) –positive tumors received trastuzumab concomitantly with all cycles. Primary objectives were to assess the effect of docetaxel by comparing EC plus docetaxel versus EC plus TX and to assess the effect of duration by comparing EC plus TX versus EC plus T-X on pathologic complete response (pCR, without invasive/noninvasive breast tumor, regardless of nodal status) at surgery, irrespective of trastuzumab treatment. Results Of 1,509 patients starting EC, 1,421 were randomly assigned to docetaxel (n = 471), TX (n = 471), or T-X (n = 479). At surgery, pCR rates were 22.3%, 19.5%, and 22.3%, respectively; the difference for docetaxel (EC plus docetaxel v EC plus TX) was 2.8% (95% CI, −2.4% to 8.0%; P = .298).The difference for duration was −2.8% (95% CI, −8.0% to 2.4%; P = .298). Breast conservation rates were 70.1%, 68.4%, and 65.3%, respectively (P = .781 for docetaxel; P = .270 for duration). Concomitant but not sequential treatment with docetaxel was associated with more diarrhea; nail changes, and hand-foot-syndrome, but it was associated with less edema. Conclusion Adding capecitabine to or prolonging duration of neoadjuvant EC plus docetaxel does not result in higher efficacy at surgery.
Current Treatment Protocols Have Eliminated the Prognostic Advantage of Type 1 Fusions in Ewing Sarcoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: van Doorninck John A. , Ji Lingyun , Schaub Betty , Shimada Hiroyuki , Wing Michele R. , Krailo Mark D. , Lessnick Stephen L. , Marina Neyssa , Triche Timothy J. , Sposto Richard , Womer Richard B. , Lawlor Elizabeth R. 
Published: March 2010

Purpose Ewing sarcoma family tumors (ESFTs) exhibit chromosomal translocations that lead to the creation of chimeric fusion oncogenes. Combinatorial diversity among chromosomal breakpoints produces varying fusions. The type 1 EWS-FLI1 transcript is created as a result of fusion between exons 7 of EWS and 6 of FLI1, and retrospective studies have reported that type 1 tumors are associated with an improved outcome. We have re-examined this association in a prospective cohort of patients with ESFT treated according to current Children's Oncology Group (COG) treatment protocols. Methods Frozen tumor tissue was prospectively obtained from patients diagnosed with ESFT, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine translocation status. Analysis was confined to patients with localized tumors who were diagnosed after 1994 and treated according to COG protocols. Translocation status was correlated with disease characteristics, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS). Results RT-PCR identified chimeric fusion oncogenes in 119 of 132 ESFTs. Eighty-nine percent of identified transcripts were EWS-FLI1, and of these, 58.8% were type 1. Five-year EFS and OS rates for patients with type 1 and non–type 1 fusions diagnosed between 2001 and 2005 were equivalent (type 1: EFS, 63% ± 7%; OS, 83% ± 6%; non–type 1: EFS, 71% ± 9%; OS, 79% ± 8%). Conclusion Current intensive treatment protocols for localized ESFT have erased the clinical disadvantage that was formerly observed in patients with non–type 1 EWS-FLI1 fusions.
Lymphoma Recurrence 5 Years or Later Following Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Clinical Characteristics and Outcome
Authors: Larouche Jean-François , Berger Françoise , Chassagne-Clément Catherine , Ffrench Martine , Callet-Bauchu Evelyne , Sebban Catherine , Ghesquières Hervé , Broussais-Guillaumot Florence , Salles Gilles , Coiffier Bertrand 
Published: March 2010

Purpose Patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) usually relapse early following diagnosis but some relapses happen at 5 years or later. Few data exist regarding clinical characteristics and outcome of these patients. Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients from two centers in Lyon, France, between 1985 and 2003 who had a biopsy-proven relapse 5 years or later following diagnosis of DLBCL. All available biopsies were reviewed and immunohistochemistry was completed. Results Among 1,492 patients with DLBCL, 54 were eligible. At diagnosis, 63% of patients had stage I-II, 82% had low/low-intermediate International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, 65% had extranodal involvement, 24% had an indolent component associated with DLBCL, 57% had germinal center phenotype, and 43% had non-germinal center phenotype. Median time from diagnosis to relapse was 7.4 years (range, 5 to 20.5 years). At time of relapse, 83% had DLBCL histology, and 17% had indolent histology. Having an indolent component at diagnosis was associated with indolent histology at relapse (P = .028). Five-year event free-survival (EFS) was 17% for patients with DLBCL relapse and 61% for patients with indolent relapse (P = .027). Five-year overall survival was 27% for patients with DLBCL and 75% for patients with indolent relapse (P = .029). For DLBCL relapse, 3-year EFS was 56% versus 18% with autologous stem-cell transplantation or not, respectively (P = .0661). Conclusion Patients with DLBCL who had a late relapse usually had localized stage, favorable IPI score, and extranodal involvement at diagnosis. The outcome of patients with DLBCL at time of relapse remains poor, and aggressive treatment such as autologous stem-cell transplantation should be pursued whenever possible. Biopsy at relapse is essential because some patients relapse with indolent histology.
Phase II Trial of Bevacizumab, Thalidomide, Docetaxel, and Prednisone in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ning Yang-Min , Gulley James L. , Arlen Philip M. , Woo Sukyung , Steinberg Seth M. , Wright John J. , Parnes Howard L. , Trepel Jane B. , Lee Min-Jung , Kim Yeong Sang , Sun Haihao , Madan Ravi A. , Latham Lea , Jones Elizabeth , Chen Clara C. , Figg William D. , Dahut William L. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeWe previously demonstrated that thalidomide appears to add to the activity of docetaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Phase II studies combining docetaxel with bevacizumab have had substantial antitumor activity. We hypothesized that the combination of docetaxel plus these antiangiogenic drugs with different targets would have substantial clinical activity. To explore safety and efficacy, this was tested in mice and in human patients.Patients and MethodsPreclinical efficacy of the combination therapy was evaluated in PC3 xenograft mice. Sixty patients with progressive metastatic CRPC received intravenous docetaxel and bevacizumab plus oral thalidomide and prednisone. The primary end point was a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline of ≥ 50%. Secondary end points included time to progression, overall survival, and safety.ResultsIn the mouse model, combination therapy of docetaxel, bevacizumab, and thalidomide inhibited tumor growth most effectively. In the clinical trial, 90% of patients receiving the combination therapy had PSA declines of ≥ 50%, and 88% achieved a PSA decline of ≥ 30% within the first 3 months of treatment. The median time to progression was 18.3 months, and the median overall survival was 28.2 months in this group with a Halabi-predicted survival of 14 months. While toxicities were manageable, all patients developed grade 3/4 neutropenia.ConclusionThe addition of bevacizumab and thalidomide to docetaxel is a highly active combination with manageable toxicities. The estimated median survival is encouraging, given the generally poor prognosis of this patient population. These results suggest that definitive clinical trials combining antiangiogenic agent combinations with docetaxel are warranted to improve treatment outcomes for patients with metastatic CRPC.
Detecting Disabilities in Older Patients With Cancer: Comparison Between Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and Vulnerable Elders Survey-13
Authors: Luciani Andrea , Ascione Gilda , Bertuzzi Cecilia , Marussi Desirè , Codecà Carla , Di Maria Giuseppe , Caldiera Sarah Elisabetta , Floriani Irene , Zonato Sabrina , Ferrari Daris , Foa Paolo 
Published: March 2010

Purpose Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional method used by geriatricians and oncologists to detect and evaluate multiple age-related problems and to plan and coordinate interventions. Because its main drawback is the time required, efforts have been made to evaluate screening instruments suitable for preliminarily assessing elderly patients. The main aim of this study was to establish the accuracy of the Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13) in predicting the presence of abnormalities revealed by CGA. Patients and Methods Patients age ≥ 70 years with a histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of a solid or hematologic tumor underwent both CGA and a VES-13 assessment, and the reliability and validity of VES-13 were analyzed. Results Fifty-three percent of the 419 elderly patients with cancer (mean age, 76.8 years) were vulnerable on VES-13; the rates of disabilities on CGA and activities of daily living (ADLs)/instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) scales were 30% and 25%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of VES-13 were 87% and 62%, respectively, versus CGA and 90% and 70%, respectively, versus ADL/IADL scales. Conclusions On the basis of our data, VES-13 is highly predictive of impaired functional status and can thus be considered a useful preliminary means of assessing older patients with cancer before undertaking a full CGA.
Phase II Trial of Continuous Dose-Intense Temozolomide in Recurrent Malignant Glioma: RESCUE Study
Authors: Perry James R. , Bélanger Karl , Mason Warren P. , Fulton Dorcas , Kavan Petr , Easaw Jacob , Shields Claude , Kirby Sarah , Macdonald David R. , Eisenstat David D. , Thiessen Brian , Forsyth Peter , Pouliot Jean-François 
Published: March 2010

Purpose Concomitant temozolomide (TMZ)/radiotherapy followed by adjuvant TMZ has increased survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, few options are effective for patients who experience treatment failure. We conducted a multicenter, phase II study to assess the efficacy and safety of continuous dose-intense TMZ for recurrent GBM. Patients and Methods Patients with malignant glioma at progression after standard TMZ 150 to 200 mg/m2 × 5 days in a 28-day cycle for three or more cycles were stratified by tumor type (anaplastic glioma group A, GBM, group B). Ninety-one patients with GBM were prospectively divided into three groups (early [B1], extended [B2], and rechallenge [B3]) according to the timing of progression during adjuvant therapy. All patients received continuous dose-intense TMZ 50 mg/m2/d for up to 1 year or until progression occurred. Response was assessed by using RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors). Results A total of 116 of 120 patients were evaluable for efficacy. For patients with GBM, 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) was 23.9% (B1, 27.3%; B2, 7.4%; B3, 35.7%). One-year survival from time of study entry was 27.3%, 14.8%, and 28.6% for the B1, B2 and B3 groups, respectively. For patients with anaplastic glioma, 6-month PFS was 35.7%; 1-year survival was 60.7%. The most common grades 3 and 4 nonhematologic toxicities were nausea/vomiting (6.7%) and fatigue (5.8%). Grades 3 and 4 hematologic toxicities were uncommon. Conclusion Rechallenge with continuous dose-intense TMZ 50 mg/m2/d is a valuable therapeutic option for patients with recurrent GBM. Patients who experience progression during the first six cycles of conventional adjuvant TMZ therapy or after a treatment-free interval get the most benefit from therapy.
A Versatile Approach to 2-Substituted 3-Trifluoromethyl-1,3-diols Based on the Reaction of Trifluoroacetaldehyde Ethyl Hemiacetal with Enamines Derived from Aldehydes
Authors: Funabiki Kazumasa , Furuno Yudai , Sato Fumiaki , Gonda Hiroshi , Kubota Yasuhiro , Matsui Masaki 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Treatment of trifluoroacetaldehyde ethyl hemiacetal with various enamines, derived from various aldehydes, at room temperature, followed by hydrolysis with 10% HCl aqueous solution and reduction with sodium borohydride in ethanol, gave 2-substituted 3-trifluoromethyl-1,3-diols in good yields with fair to good diastereoselectivities.
Cost-effectiveness of a programme to detect and provide better care for female victims of intimate partner violence
Authors: Norman Richard , Spencer Anne , Eldridge Sandra , Feder Gene 
Published: March 2010

Objective: Primary care clinicians often fail to detect women who are victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Our aim wasto investigate the cost-effectiveness of a programme in primary care to detect and support such women. Methods: We developed a Markov model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of education and support for primary care clinicians to increase their identification of survivors of IPV and to refer them to a specialist advocacy agency or a psychologist with specialist skills. The programme was implemented in three general practices in the United Kingdom (with an additional practice acting as a control) and provided cost data and rates of identification and referral. Other cost data and the effectiveness of IPV advocacy came from published sources. Results: The model gave an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of approximately £2,450 per quality adjusted life year (QALY). Although the ratio increased in some of the sensitivity analyses, most were under a conventional willingness to pay threshold (£30,000/QALY). Conclusions: While there is considerable uncertainty in the underlying parameters, a training programme for primary care teams to increase identification and referral of women experiencing IPV is likely to be cost-effective.
Causal ordering of academic self‐concept and achievement: Effects of type of achievement measure
Authors: Pinxten Maarten , de Fraine Bieke , van Damme Jan , D'Haenens Ellen 
Published: March 2010

Background. The relation between academic self‐concept and achievement has been examined in a large number of studies. The majority of these studies have found evidence for a reciprocal effects model. However, there is an ongoing debate on how students' achievement should be measured and whether the type of achievement indicator (grades, tests, teacher ratings) affects the causal pattern found in these studies.Aims. The study aims at clarifying how the types of achievement measures and the way they are modelled can affect the results of causal ordering studies. In that sense, the study will yield recommendations for researchers in this domain and also provide some direction for practitioners seeking ways to enhance their students' achievement and/or academic self‐concept.Sample. Repeated measures of academic self‐concept and achievement (standardized tests and teacher ratings) were examined in a sample of 1,753 students in Grades 7, 8, 10, and 12.Method. Structural equation modelling was used. Several models (with different types and numbers of achievement measures) were compared.Results. Only small differences were found between models using one or two indicators of achievement. All models generally supported the reciprocal effects model. However, the final model, wherein tests and teacher ratings were used as separate latent variables, showed different developmental patterns in the causal relation between academic self‐concept and achievement.Conclusions. Researchers should interpret the results of causal ordering studies discerningly because the type of measure chosen as an indicator of achievement might affect the causal pattern between academic self‐concept and achievement.
Supporting early oral language skills for English language learners in inner city preschool provision
Authors: Dockrell Julie E. , Stuart Morag , King Diane 
Published: March 2010

Background. A significant number of children now enter formal education in England with reduced levels of proficiency in oral language. Children who come from disadvantaged backgrounds and who are English language learners (ELL) are at risk of limited oral language skills in English which impacts on later educational achievement.Aims. This paper reports the development of a theoretically motivated oral language intervention, Talking Time, designed to meet the needs of preschool children with poor language skills in typical preschool provision.Sample. One hundred and forty‐two 4‐year‐old children attending three inner city preschools in a disadvantaged area of London, England.Method. This is a quasi‐experimental intervention study comparing children exposed to Talking Time with children exposed to a contrast intervention and children receiving the statutory early years curriculum. Measures were taken of both targeted and non‐targeted language and cognitive skills.Results. Data were analysed for the ELL. The intervention had a significant effect on vocabulary, oral comprehension, and sentence repetition but not narrative skills. As predicted, there were no effects on the skills which were not targeted.Conclusions. Regular evidence‐based oral language interactions can make significant improvements in children's oral language. There is a need to examine the efficacy of more intensive interventions to raise language skills to allow learners to access the curriculum.
A New Alternative for Estimation of Geotechnical Engineering Parameters in Reclaimed Clays by Using Shear Wave Velocity
Authors: Chang Ilhan , Cho Gye-Chun 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The consolidation behavior of reclaimed clay can be categorized as large strain deformation. Findings from previous studies indicate that the effective stress and the void ratio are important geotechnical engineering parameters for the characterization of large strain consolidation behavior. However, existing in situ consolidation characterization methods of reclaimed clay cannot adequately estimate changes of the effective stress and void ratio during a consolidation process. This paper suggests an alternative method for estimating the geotechnical engineering parameters of reclaimed clays using a shear wave. An in situ self-weight consolidation process of reclaimed clay is simulated in laboratory while shear wave velocity is continuously measured. Experimental results show that there are single trends in relationships among the shear wave velocity, effective stress, void ratio, and geotechnical engineering parameters for a normally consolidated clay (e.g., reclaimed clay). As a practical application, the in situ parameters and the expected settlement are predicted by incorporating the obtained relationships with the in situ shear wave velocity. The predicted values are in good accordance with the values measured in field. Therefore, the proposed method can be used effectively for geotechnical engineering parameter estimations of reclaimed clay during/after self-weight consolidation with the aid of in situ seismic exploration techniques.
Improving the Thermal Resistance of Brick Masonry Systems
Authors: Sanders John P. , Brosnan Denis A. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Finite element modeling was used to relate the coring or cell configuration of brick to the heat flow through brick masonry wall systems. Core or cell configurations that minimize thermal bridging through the brick thickness substantially reduced the heat flow through the masonry. The effect of bed depth on heat flow was also investigated. Larger units with optimized coring designs resulted in substantial reductions in heat flow. Heat flow through the mortar joint was also compared to heat flow through the brick. Wall designs that minimize the mortar joint thickness also reduce the heat flow. From these simulations, it is clear that a masonry system can be optimized to reduce heat flow. The effect of core or cell filling with various materials was also studied. Insulating materials reduce heat flow primarily by displacing mortar in the cores or cells.
Coal and Coke Volatile Matter Determination and Reconciliation of Differences in Yields Determined by Two ASTM Methods
Authors: Riley John T. , Yanes Enrique G. , Marsh Mason , Lawrenz Dennis , Eichenbaum Liliane 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
For over 2 decades, fuel scientists have tried to reconcile the differences between the coal and coke volatile matter yields obtained using either a pre-heated (950°C) minimum volume vertical furnace (ASTM Method D3175) or a macro thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) system heated to a final temperature of 950°C (macro TGA systems are those using 1 g or larger samples). This paper will describe experiments designed to help explain the differences in volatile matter yields. Parameters studied include sample heating rates, final temperatures, and pre-drying samples. Factors contributing to the differences between the two methods, such as observed differences between plastic and non-plastic coals and fixation of sulfur as sulfate in the pyrolysis residues, will be explained. Results from two interlaboratory studies, each involving over 10 laboratories, and other research projects were used to derive predictive equations to reconcile results from the two methods for determining volatile matter yields in coals.
Wright and Fisher on Inbreeding and Random Drift
Authors: Crow James F 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Sewall Wright and R. A. Fisher often differed, including on the meaning of inbreeding and random gene frequency drift. Fisher regarded them as quite distinct processes, whereas Wright thought that because his inbreeding coefficient measured both they should be regarded as the same. Since the effective population numbers for inbreeding and random drift are different, this would argue for the Fisher view.