bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phacoemulsification in angle-closure glaucoma: A 360° evaluation
Authors: Singh Kirti , Aggarwal Himshikha , Bhattacharyya Mainak 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior chamber angle (ACA) morphology in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).

Setting and Design:
A hospital-based, prospective pre- and post-interventional study was carried out in 40 PAC and PACG eyes post patent PI with visually significant cataracts.

Methods:
All patients underwent phacoemulsification and were evaluated for IOP control, ACA widening, and disease progression for a minimum of 6 months. Failure was defined as an IOP of >21 mmHg necessitating another intervention, including trabeculectomy and/or an increase in the required number of antiglaucoma medications (AGMs) by >1.

Results:
A highly statistically significant reduction of IOP (P < 0.0001) was seen with an overall reduction of 42.2% over 6 months and a mean reduction of 8.9 ± 3.59 mmHg, with the requirement of AGMs reducing from 39/40 patients preoperatively to 1/38 postoperatively. Success was seen in 95% of cases, with two patients not achieving target IOP and requiring trabeculectomy. Angle widening was documented in all cases by both gonioscopy and AS-OCT, and none of the patients showed any progression in disc damage and visual field changes.

Conclusion:
Early cataract surgery in ACG not only helps to control IOP and disease progression by widening angles and improving aqueous outflow but also improves visual acuity and reduces the economic burden of AGMs. It also helps in better evaluation of disease progression by both structural and functional analysis, as was documented by the improved and more reliable visual field indices.
Effectiveness of self-designed dental storybook as behavior modification technique in 5 – 7 year-old children
Authors: Deshpande Anshula , Jain Aishwarya , Shah Yash , Jaiswal Vidhi , Wadhwa Medha 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Dental anxiety is one of the key factors that prevent children from obtaining dental treatment and raises anxiety levels in children. The first dental visit is usually fearful for the child and contributes to managing the child patient in a dental operatory. A pediatric dentist's role is to perform effective treatment using various nonpharmacological behavior management techniques.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effect of self-designed dental storybook on behavior and pulse rate before and after dental procedures in 57-year-old children.

Settings and Design:
The study was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on 380 aged 57 years. Children were randomly allocated into two groups, namely, Group A − Behavior modification using a self-designed dental storybook and Group B – Behavior modification without storybook. Research was carried out in two dental visits (screening, examination, and preventive and restorative treatment) wherein, before and after intervention, pulse rate, Facial Image Scale (FIS), and Venham Scale (VS) were recorded. Descriptive statistical analyses followed by the paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were applied and tabulated using the SPSS software version 23.0.

Results:
There was a significant difference observed in the interventional group as compared to the control group for pulse rate, FIS, and VS.

Conclusion:
Self-designed dental storybook as an adjuvant was found to be promising behavior modification technique for 57-year-old children.
A cross-sectional and histological analysis to understand the cytological effects of cell phone radiation on buccal mucosa of children
Authors: Srujana Aravinda Voleti Sri , Kandregula Chaitanya Ram , Muppa Radhika , Krishna M. Madhavi , Nikitha B. S. , Yenni Malathi 
Published: May 2024

Context:
The ongoing pandemic has affected all the spheres of life and one of the severely affected avenues is the education of a child. The online education has seen an upward curve since the start of COVID-19 pandemic. Schools globally have adopted online class tutorials as the main method to impart education and directly increasing the screen time for a child.

Aim:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytological effects of prolonged mobile phone usage on the buccal mucosa of children.

Settings and Design:
Stratified sampling was used for the selection of subjects for the study. After a questionnaire regarding the usage of a mobile phone was distributed among the parents of children. Among them, 90 children were selected on the basis of pattern and frequency of mobile phone usage in the child.

Materials and Methodology:
The children were divided into three groups based on the per day hours of viewing of mobile phone, i.e., Group 1: Usage of 1–2 h a day, Group 2: Usage of 3–6 h a day, and Group 3: Usage of >6 h a day. The time frame taken into consideration was 1 year after the pandemic started. This was specifically to understand the impact of the online education. Swab was obtained by using the conventional ice-cream stick method from the buccal mucosa.

Statistical Analysis:
The samples were subjected to histological and microscopical analysis to observe for cytological changes. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical significance if any.

Results:
The results obtained clearly showed that Group 3 (>6 h usage per day) showed the highest number of cellular and chromosomal aberrations which was significant.

Conclusion:
The results indicated that impact due to the prolonged screen time on the buccal mucosa is significant. A direct proportionality was seen between the apoptotic changes and chromosomal aberrations and the number of daily hour usage.
Comparative assessment of the efficacy of low concentration bleaching agents using quantitative light induced fluorescence in removing stains
Authors: Balakrishnan Aiswarya , Bhojraj Nandlal , Shanbhog Raghavendra , Ashwini K. P. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Tooth discoloration has become a common esthetic problem in recent years. Removal of stains by bleaching is well-documented. Low concentration home bleaching products are available in market in different forms and concentrations.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of low concentration commercially available home bleaching products (whitening strip, gel, and mouthwash) in removing stains and whitening the tooth using clinical and digital methods.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty permanent enamel samples mounted in an acrylic block were artificially stained and randomly divided into four groups. Negative control, 15 % Carbamide peroxide gel group, 2% Hydrogen 16 peroxide mouthwash group and 6% Hydrogen peroxide strip group respectively. The samples were bleached with respective agents according to the manufacturer's instructions. The efficacy on 7th and 14th day was evaluated clinically (SGU change), photographically (ΔE), and using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (ΔF). The data were analyzed using paired t-test and analysis of variance.

Results:
Postbleaching, 6% hydrogen peroxide strips and 15% carbamide peroxide gel showed maximum improvement (ΔΔF – 15.73 and 11.89, ΔE – 19.8 and 18.9, respectively) when compared to 2% hydrogen peroxide mouthwash and negative control group (ΔΔF – 9.68 and 6.59, ΔE – 15.04 and 9.44, respectively). The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
6% hydrogen peroxide strips and 15% carbamide peroxide gel showed maximum improvement in stain removal and tooth whitening however, the strips showed better efficacy than the gel. Strips have the added advantage of lesser contact period, less salivary dilution, and no gingival contact. Therefore, strips can be a better alternative for gels and mouthwashes.
Estimation of dental age using Willems method and comparing it with Demirjian's method in 7–14-year-old children of Uttarakhand
Authors: Chandail Keerti , Goyal Varinder , Kaul Mehak , Dutt Satyam , Koul Tishya , Misgar Burhan Altaf 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
The aim of this comparative study was to estimate the dental age using Willems method by assessing the developmental stages of left seven permanent mandibular teeth in 7–14 years of age groups with the help of digital orthopantomogram and comparing it with Demirjian's method to conclude which method was more appropriate and better in Indian population of Uttarakhand region.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 digital orthopantomogram films of patients in the age group of 7-14 years was collected over the study period of 3 years from July 2014 to January 2017 and was equally distributed by convenience sampling. Group I included 50 boys and Group II included 50 girls aging 7–14 years of age (as permanent 7 teeth in the 3rd quadrant were to be assessed and scored according to the Demirjian's table, the 7–14 age group was selected). The date of birth of the subject was documented against their allocated identification number. Dental age according to Willem's method was calculated using Willem's table and Demirjian and Goldstein's table scores were used to calculate dental age by Demirjian's method.

Results:
Willems method was more accurate and better than Demirjian's method as it showed less mean percentage error, i.e., 0.34% as compared to 15.94% obtained from Demirjian's method in Group II and 2.19% as compared to 8.05% obtained from Demirjian's method in Group I.

Conclusion:
The results suggested that Willems method of dental age estimation was an effective method of age estimation and was better and more accurate than Demirjian's method.
Current practices and perceived influences of diet diaries usage in pediatric dental practice
Authors: Hambire Chaitali , Hambire Umesh Vishnu 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The diet diaries act as an important tool for the assessment of diet. There is a paucity of studies to assess the usage of diet diaries for the management of caries in high-risk patients by pediatric dentists. The study was conducted to explore the perceptions of the pediatric dentists regarding the possible difficulties and their solutions for the usage of diet diaries in their dental office.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire was designed incorporating a diet dairy to understand its perception and utilization by the pediatric dentists while preparing the diet modifications for their patients. A qualitative research methodology was used to understand the factors associated with adherence of the pediatric patients to the issued diet dairies.

Observations:
Majority of pediatric dentists (78%) collected the information regarding the diet verbally without using diet diaries. Most common reason was constraints were monetary (43%) followed by time (35%). Other reasons were poor compliance of parents and pediatric patients (12%). About 10% of pediatric dentists perceived that they lacked the skills needed for appropriate dietary counselling. The results of the qualitative study showed that adhering to diet diaries was a multi-contextual phenomenon.

Conclusions:
In order to use the diet diary as an efficient dietary assessment and monitoring tool multifaceted interventions are needed. A supportive healthcare system, motivation of parents as well as child along with an efficient tool seems to be a need for the success of the utilization of diet diaries.
Evaluation of silver-modified atraumatic restorative technique versus conventional pulp therapy in asymptomatic deep carious lesion of primary molars – A comparative prospective clinical study
Authors: Patel Megha C. , Makwani Disha A. , Bhatt Rohan K. , Raj Vijeta , Patel Chhaya , Patel Foram 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Lately, a paradigm shift from radical to conservative approach has popularized the selective caries removal over complete excavation in deep caries. Indirect pulp therapy over pulpotomy is being preferred due to risk of questionable pulp vitality in carious exposure of pulp. Silver diamine fluoride can be a useful tool for noninvasive caries management due to its antimicrobial and remineralization properties.

Aim:
The study aims to evaluate the success of minimum intervention approach using silver-modified atraumatic restorative technique (SMART) as indirect pulp treatment compared to conventional vital pulp therapy in symptomless deep carious lesions of primary molars.

Materials and Methods:
In this comparative, prospective, double-blinded, clinical interventional study, 60 asymptomatic primary molar teeth with international caries detection and assessment system score 4–6 were selected in children aged 4–8 years and were randomly allocated into SMART and conventional groups. The success of the treatment approach was assessed using clinical and radiographic criteria at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months interval.

Results:
Data were analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square test at a significance level of 0.05. Conventional group showed 100% and SMART observed 96.15% clinical success at 12 months follow up (P > 0.05). One radiographic failure due to internal resorption at 6 months in SMART and one in the conventional group at 12 months was reported though the difference was insignificant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Removal of all infected dentin in deep carious lesions is not required for successful caries treatment and SMART can be recommended as a potential biologic approach to manage asymptomatic deep dentinal lesions, based on optimal case selection.
Sports-related facial trauma in the Indian population - A systematic review
Authors: Shreya S. , Baliga Shridhar Damodar , Baliga Sulakshana Shridhar 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Sports injuries are a growing concern which requires immediate attention. Dental injuries are the most common type of orofacial injuries sustained during sports activities.

Objectives:
This study aims to review the prevalence of sports-related facial trauma in India, to identify the most common types of oro-facial injury incurred due to sports, and to assess the level of awareness regarding preventive measures used in sports.

Methodology:
The present review was performed in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. All articles published from 2005 to 2019 on sports-related facial trauma were analyzed. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane reviews databases were searched using primary keywords.

Results:
A total of 24 articles published in the period of 2005–2019 were included. The prevalence of sports-related facial trauma was found to be the highest in the study conducted by Selva et al., in 2018, at a rate of 75%, whereas it was found to be minimal in the study conducted by Bali et al. in 2013. While the awareness of mouthguards was reported the highest in a study conducted by Ramagoni et al., in 2007.

Conclusion:
This study shows that there is a definite need to improve the awareness as well as the usage of protective gear, from the level of schooling, where children are introduced to sports. Prevention of sports-related facial trauma is essential to avoid the serious and lifelong consequences which could be the aftermath of such injuries.
Comparative evaluation of body mass index among school children with and without Bruxism of age group of 6–12 years in Kanchipuram district
Authors: Siva Lokesh , Krishnamoorthy Vivek , Durai K. Sugumaran , Ahamed S. Syed Shaheed , Rajakumari S. , Catherine N. C. 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
To evaluate and compare the body mass index (BMI) of school-going children with bruxism and without bruxism of age between 6 and 12 years.

Settings and Design:
To find the correlation between BMI and oral habit bruxism among school children and compare with those children without bruxism.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 6122 children were screened from 28 government and 12 private schools, in which 1854 (30.28%) had various types of oral habits. Among this 280 children had the stressful habit bruxism. The BMI of those children was calculated by measuring the height and weight. The values were compared with the BMI of same number of students of same age group, who does not have any oral habits, with the WHO standard. The values were calculated and tabulated for the statistical analysis, using the SPSS software version 19 (IBM company) with the P < 0.05 as statistically significant.

Results:
Its shows that children with bruxism has high BMI range, was in the order of overweight > Normal > Underweight, but the BMI of children without any habit was in the order of normal > Underweight > Overweight. On comparison, it was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The habit bruxism had a positive correlation with the BMI of children. The children are more stressed from both indoor and outdoor. Hence, kindly educate all the parents, teachers, and public to identify the cause for the habit, because each oral habit is strongly deep rooted with some emotional and/or psychological problem and to make the children stress free in future.
Estimating the effectiveness of lollipops containing xylitol and erythritol on salivary pH in 3–6 years olds
Authors: Jain Sakshi , Mathur Shivani 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Prevention of dental caries is important for nutrition and health of the child. Sucrose being considered an arch criminal, various substitutes are recommended. Xylitol is an artificial sweetener which cannot be metabolized by bacteria. Thus, it seems to be a promising method in prevention of dental caries.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty children between the age of 3–6 years were randomly divided into two groups; Group 1: Control group (without lollipops) and Group 2: Experimental group (with sugar substitute lollipops). The saliva sample was collected at four different time intervals, and pH of saliva was determined using universal pH indicator.

Results:
There was a significant drop in the pH after drinking sweetened beverages in both the groups, but there was a significant rise in pH after having xylitol + erythritol lollipops which almost returned to baseline after 15 min.

Conclusion:
Lollipops containing xylitol and erythritol can be used in small children and it has potential to increase salivary pH, thus not allowing the pH to fall below the critical value.
Remineralization efficacy of nonfluoride versus herbal-based pediatric dentifrice in demineralized primary teeth
Authors: Ranjana Balamurugan Suba , Chowdhary Nagalakshmi , Kiran N. K. , Chaitan S. M. , Reddy Vundela Rajashekar , Prabahar Tanuja 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent posteruptive bacterial infections worldwide, characterized by a progressive demineralization process that affects the mineralized dental tissues. Although the decline of dental caries prevalence can be attributed to the widespread use of dentifrices that contain fluoride, yet there is a need for an advanced alternative nonfluoride remineralizing dentifrice. Yet, there is a need for an advanced alternative nonfluoride remineralizing dentifrice.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the remineralizing effect of nonfluoride-based and herbal-based pediatric dentifrice in demineralized primary teeth with an ideal in vitro method of pH cycling and evaluating the values under Polarized Light Microscope (Olympus BX43) using image analysis software (ProgRes, Speed XT core3).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 30 tooth samples were collected and placed in the demineralizing solution for 96 h to produce a demineralized lesion of approximately 100 μm, and then cut longitudinally into 60 sections that were randomly assigned to two groups with 27 samples each, Group A – nonfluoride-based dentifrice (Mee Mee®), Group B – herbal-based dentifrice (Mamaearth™), after which they were subjected to pH cycling for 7 days along with dentifrice slurry preparation. The sections were evaluated under the polarizing light microscopy for remineralizing efficacy. The lesion depth was measured and tabulated to be sent for statistical analysis.

Results:
The mean demineralization value for nonfluoride and herbal-based dentifrice groups were 7.8730 μm and 28.3174 μm, respectively. Hence, it can be inferred that since lesion depth measured was lesser in nonfluoride than herbal-based dentifrice, remineralization has occurred in the nonfluoride-based dentifrice group.

Conclusion:
Nonfluoride-based dentifrice showed significant results in remineralizing the demineralized lesion, while herbal-based dentifrice showed poor efficiency in remineralizing the demineralized lesion.
Effect of silver diamine fluoride, potassium iodide, and glutathione on micro-shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement to caries affected dentine
Authors: Priya Deepthy , Karale Rupali , Prashanth BR , Raj Aparna , Vathsala Heggade KN 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF, 38%) is an efficient topical fluoride used to arrest dental caries though it causes black staining of both teeth and restoration. The application of potassium iodide (KI) after SDF reduces the stain, but the color change is only temporary. An alternative method suggested is by mixing glutathione (GSH) with SDF, which preserves the silver ions of SDF within the solution. Hence, the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of glass ionomer cement (GIC) to caries affected dentin (CAD) pretreated with SDF/KI/GSH.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty dentine slices of 2 mm thickness from human permanent upper premolars were demineralized using pH cycling method to mimic CAD. They were allocated to three groups of 10 each and treated with SDF, SDF-KI (SDF followed by KI), SDF + GSH (SDF mixed with GSH), respectively. Specimens were bonded with GICs. The μSBS was assessed using a universal testing machine and the data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.

Results:
The μSBS (mean ± standard deviation) values for groups SDF, SDF-KI, and SDF + GSH were 4.81 ± 2.026, 5.78 ± 1.809, 8.18 ± 2.828 megapascal respectively. Group 3 showed significantly better bond strength compared to groups 1 and 2. In group 2, the addition of KI showed better bond strength when compared to group 1, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Pretreatment of teeth with GSH along with SDF application showed significantly better bond strength of GIC to CAD compared to SDF and SDF-KI.