bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Methylated Cello‐oligosaccharides: Synthesis Strategy for Blockwise Methylated Cello‐oligosaccharides
Authors: Kamitakahara Hiroshi , Nakatsubo Fumiaki , Klemm Dieter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Fuel Cell Catalysts Emerging from Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Boennemann Helmut , Khelashvili Guram 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Giant Vesicles: Preparations and Applications
Authors: Walde Peter , Cosentino Katia , Engel Helen , Stano Pasquale 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Endoribonuclease Mimic Made of DNA: Characteristics and Applications of the 8—17 RNA‐Cleaving DNAzyme
Authors: Schlosser Kenny , Li Yingfu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Future of Aminoglycosides: The End or Renaissance?
Authors: Houghton Jacob L. , Green Keith D. , Chen Wenjing , Garneau‐Tsodikova Sylvie 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Notfallmanagement in Chemieparks
Authors: Brückner J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDer Wandel der Chemiestandorte von ursprünglichen Werksstrukturen mit einem einzigen Nutzer hin zu Chemieparks mit mehreren unabhängigen Unternehmen hat an das Notfallmanagement in den Chemieparks neue Anforderungen gestellt. Die deutlich verstärkte Wahrnehmung von Ereignissen durch die Medien und die Öffentlichkeit hat in den letzten Jahren die Anforderungen noch einmal zusätzlich erhöht.
Infrastruktur und Logistik in Chemieparks am Beispiel CHEMPARK
Authors: Brückner J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWer heute im globalen Markt bestehen und auch in Zukunft wettbewerbsfähig bleiben möchte, benötigt nicht nur Top‐Produkte, hervorragende Anlagen mit ausgebildeten Spezialisten oder hochmoderne IT‐Technik. Ein wesentlicher Erfolgsfaktor ist auch eine funktionierende Infrastruktur. In Chemieparks mit Ansiedlungen von mehreren Firmen unterschiedlicher Branchen und Größen sind die Komplexität der Abläufe und die Verflechtung weitaus vielfältiger als bei einem Einzelunternehmen.
Der Standortvertrag: Bedeutung und Regelungspunkte
Authors: Müggenborg H.‐J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDer Standortvertrag hat vor allem die Funktion, die Schnittstellen zwischen den verschiedenen Akteuren eines Industrieparks klar und eindeutig festzulegen. Nach einem umfassenden Überblick werden – dies ohne den Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit – zehn ausgewählte Regelungsbereiche, die ein Standortvertrag enthalten soll, näher vorgestellt.
Applying a SPA model to examine the impact of climate change on GPP of open woodlands and the potential for woody thickening
Authors: Macinnis‐Ng Catriona , Zeppel Melanie , Williams Mathew , Eamus Derek 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWoody thickening is a global phenomenon that influences landscape C density, regional ecohydrology and biogeochemical cycling. The aim of the work described here is to test the hypothesis that increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, with or without photosynthetic acclimation, can increase gross primary production (GPP) and that this can explain woody thickening. We examine mechanisms underlying the response of GPP and highlight the importance of changes in soil water content by applying a detailed soil–plant–atmosphere model. Through this model, we show that CO2 enrichment with decreased or increased D and photosynthetic acclimation results in decreased canopy water use because of reduced gs. The decline in water use coupled with increased photosynthesis resulted in increased GPP, water‐use efficiency and soil moisture content. This study shows that this is a valid mechanism for GPP increase because of CO2 enrichment coupled with either a decrease or an increase in D, in water‐limited environments. We also show that a large increase in leaf area index could be sustained in the future as a result of the increased soil moisture content arising from CO2 enrichment and this increase was larger if D decreases rather than increases in the future. Large‐scale predictions arising from this simple conceptual model are discussed and found to be supported in the literature. We conclude that woody thickening in Australia and probably globally can be explained by the changes in landscape GPP and soil moisture balance arising principally from the increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manganese‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Cyanosilylation of Acetaldehyde
Authors: Ladrak Tim , Smulders Simon , Roubeau Olivier , Teat Simon J. , Gamez Patrick , Reedijk Jan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTwo new metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), namely [Mn3(atpa)3(dmf)2] and [Mn2(tpa)2(dmf)2], were prepared in N,N‐dimethylformamide (dmf) from manganese(II) nitrate and two dicarboxylic acid ligands, 2‐aminoterephthalic acid (H2atpa) and terephthalic acid (H2tpa). The molecular structures of these MOFs are compared to two related coordination polymers, namely [Mn3(atpa)2(Hatpa)2] and [Mn3(tpa)3(def)2], which were obtained in N,N‐diethylformamide (def), to examine the effect of slight ligand or solvent changes on the framework architecture. The four Mn‐based MOFs were used as effective Lewis catalysts for the cyanosilylation of acetaldehyde. The four heterogeneous catalytic systems can be re‐used without any apparent loss of activity.
Whole blood assay for trypsin activity using polyanionic focusing gel electrophoresis
Authors: Lefkowitz Roy B. , Schmid‐Schönbein Geert W. , Heller Michael J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe measurement of trypsin activity directly in blood is important for the development of novel diagnostics and for biomedical research. Presently, most degradative enzyme assays require sample preparation, making them time consuming, costly, and less accurate. We recently demonstrated a simple and rapid electrophoretic assay for the measurement of trypsin activity directly in whole blood. This assay utilizes a charge‐changing fluorescent peptide substrate that produces a positively charged fluorescent product fragment upon cleavage by the target enzyme. This fragment is then rapidly separated from whole blood by electrophoresis and quantified with a fluorescent detector. In this study, we demonstrate that polyanionic poly‐L‐glutamic acid‐doped polyacrylamide gels can focus the fluorescent cleavage product and markedly improve the LODs of the assay. A LOD of 2 pg in 6 μL (0.3 ng/mL) in whole human blood was achieved after a 1‐h reaction of enzyme and substrate followed by 10 min of electrophoresis. This is 50‐ to 200‐fold better than the estimated reference levels for trypsin (15–60 ng/mL) in blood. This straightforward technique now allows for the rapid measurement of clinically relevant levels of trypsin activity in microliter volumes of whole blood, providing a useful tool for the development of novel point‐of‐care diagnostics.
Application of dynamic diffractive optics for enhanced femtosecond laser based cell transfection
Authors: Antkowiak Maciej , Torres‐Mapa Maria Leilani , Gunn‐Moore Frank , Dholakia Kishan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate the advantages of a dynamic diffractive optical element, namely a spatial light modulator (SLM) for the controlled and enhanced optoinjection and phototransfection of mammalian cells with a femtosecond light source. The SLM provides full control over the lateral and axial positioning of the beam with sub‐micron precision. Fast beam translation enables time‐sequenced irradiation, which is shown to enhance the optoinjection efficiency and alleviate the problem of exact beam positioning on the cell membrane. We show that irradiation in three axial positions doubles the number of viably optoinjected cells when compared with a single dose. The presented system also enables untargeted raster scan irradiation which provides a higher throughput transfection of adherent cells at the rate of 1 cell per second. Additionally, fluorescent imaging is used to demonstrate cell selective two‐step gene therapy. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antibacterial effect of polyethyleneimine nanoparticles incorporated in provisional cements against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Shvero Dana Kesler , Davidi Michael Perez , Weiss Ervin I. , Srerer Nir , Beyth Nurit 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground: Frequently provisional restorations require long‐term permanence in the oral cavity, thus an antibacterial effect is desirable. We hypothesized that this effect may be achieved by incorporating polyethyleneimine (PEI) nanoparticles into provisional cements. Methods: The nanoparticles antibacterial effect incorporated at 0.5%, 1%, and 2% w/w into provisional cement, was studied in vitro. The antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis was tested using direct contact test. The data was analyzed using the ANOVA test, with the Dunnett test for multiple pairwise comparisons. Results: A strong antibacterial effect was evident in all test groups after an aging period of 14 days against S. mutans and E. faecalis (p < 0.05). A significant effect was found between study groups 0.5% w/w and 1% w/w group, as well as between study groups 0.5% w/w and 2% w/w for E. faecalis (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between study groups 1% w/w and 2% w/w. The growth rate graphs depict an effective bacteria inhibition starting from 1% w/w. Conclusion: PEI nanoparticles incorporated at low concentrations in a provisional cement exhibit antibacterial effect against S. mutans and E. faecalis for a period of 14 days. The minimum effective concentration suggested is 1% w/w. Clinical implications: Incorporation of nanoparticles may prevent caries and inflammation, and thereby improve the results of the prosthetic treatment. Further investigation is necessary on the effect on mechanical properties and clinical relevance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Corticosteroid‐releasing cochlear implant: A novel hybrid of biomaterial and drug delivery system
Authors: Farahmand Ghavi Farhid , Mirzadeh Hamid , Imani Mohammad , Jolly Claude , Farhadi Mohammad 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this study, drug‐eluting cochlear implant (CI) electrodes were prepared, and the amount of drug released was determined. Dexamethasone (DEX) (0.25–2% w/w, the weight percent of the final cured polymer) was used as a bioactive agent to suppress postsurgical inflammations upon mixing with a two‐part nonrestricted pourable medical‐grade silicone elastomer. Batch reproducibility analysis was performed on three consecutive batches. Drug release experiments were accomplished in normal saline medium, where DEX was analyzed via a validated HPLC method. The drug loading percentage and the device surface area were the most dominant parameters explored to monitor the drug release behavior from CI coatings. Total cumulative amount of DEX released from various loaded samples was in the order of 2 > 1 > 0.5 > 0.35 > 0.25% w/w, but the cumulative percentage of drug released showed a reverse order. The DEX dosages between 0.1 and 1 µg were released from samples of smallest to highest loadings during the initial 24 h, and dosages <1–5 µg were released from similar samples of various loadings at the first patency 2 weeks. The extent of crosslinking was only effective on release profile at lower drug loadings of 0.25% w/w relative to 0.5%. It was also found that release profile was not affected by postcuring. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Characterization of protein degradation in serum‐based lubricants during simulation wear testing of metal‐on‐metal hip prostheses
Authors: Maskiewicz Victoria K. , Williams Paul A. , Prates Sarah J. , Bowsher John G. , Clarke Ian C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SEC‐HPLC) method has been developed which is capable of separation and quantitation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bovine serum globulin (BSG) components of serum‐based lubricant (SBL) solutions. This allowed characterization of the stability profiles of these proteins when acting as lubricants during hip wear simulation, and identification of wear‐specific mechanisms of degradation. Using cobalt‐chromium metal‐on‐metal (MOM) hip joints, it was observed that BSA remained stable for up to 3 days (215K cycles) of wear testing after which the protein degraded in a fairly linear fashion. BSG on the other hand, began to degrade immediately and in a linear fashion with a rate constant of 5% per day. Loss of both proteins occurred via the formation of high molecular weight aggregates which precipitated out of solution. No fragmentation of the polypeptide backbone of either protein was observed. Data obtained suggest that protein degradation was not due to microbial contamination, denaturation at the air‐water interface, or frictional heating of articulating joint surfaces in these studies. We conclude that the primary source of protein degradation during MOM simulation testing occurs via high shear rates experienced by SBL solutions at articulating surfaces, possibly coupled with metal‐protein interactions occurring as new and reactive metal surfaces are generated during wear testing. The development of this analytical methodology will allow new studies to clarify the role of SBL solutions in wear simulation studies and the interactions and lubricating properties of serum proteins with prosthetic surfaces other than MOM. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Molecular Modelling of Saccharides, 9!! On the Hydrophobic Characteristics of Cyclodextrins: Computer‐Aided Visualization of Molecular Lipophilicity Patterns
Authors: Lichtenthaler Frieder W. , Immel Stefan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractStatistical analysis of the solid‐state structures available for the cyclodextrins and their inclusion compounds – 42 for α‐CD (1), 48 for β‐CD (2), and 8 for γ‐CD (3) – revealed their mean molecular geometry parameters to be within normal ranges, such as the intersaccharidic bond angle (φ) and torsion angles Φ and Ψ, or the tilt angle (τ) signifying the inclination of the pyranoid4C1chairs toward the macroring perimeter. The mean 2–0…0–3' distances between adjacent glucose portions decrease in the order α‐CD > β‐CD > γ‐CD from 3.05 to 2.84 Å, allowing more intense 2–0…H0–3' hydrogen bonding interactions. This reduces the overall flexibility of the macrocycles correspondingly. The intersaccharidic oxygens that without exception point toward the inside of the macrocycles, essentially lie in one plane, deviations from planarity being in the range of only 0.02–0.12 Å. The global molecular shape of1–3in their various hydrates and inclusion complexes is thus uniformly characterized by essentially unstrained, torus‐shaped cones with a nearly unpuckered mean plane. These results justify considering the solid‐state structures of α‐, β‐ and γ‐CD hydrates, crystallizing with 8–14 water molecules, as relevant “frozen molecular images” of their solution conformations. The solid‐state data were used to compute the contact surfaces, cavity dimensions, and molecular lipophilicity patterns (MLPs) of1–3. The MLPs, presented in color‐coded form, provide a lucid picture of how these cyclodextrins are balanced with respect to their hydrophilic (blue) and hydrophobic (yellow) areas: the larger opening of the cone‐shaped macrocycles carrying the 2‐OH and 3‐OH groups is intensely hydrophilic; the opposite, narrower opening, ringed by the CH2OH groups, is considerably less hydrophilic, and is partially permeated by hydrophobic areas, whereas the bulk of the intensely hydrophobic regions is concentrated on the inner region of the cavities. Thus, the complexation of suitable guest molecules by α, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrin (1–3), which is governed by a variety of factors, can be rationalized with respect to the hydrophobic interactions on the basis of their MLP profiles. Application of these molecular modelling techniques to the one solid‐state structure available for the nine‐glucose unit δ‐CD tetradecahydrate (4) suggests a less pronounced separation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface regions, obviously due to a bowl‐shaped torus with irregular tilting of four of the nine glucopyranoses which gives rise to substantial puckering of the macrocycle.
Molecular Modelling of Saccharides, 10 Studies on Ketoses, 12 The Electrostatic and Lipophilic Potential Profiles of α‐Cyclofructin: Computation, Visualization and Conclusions
Authors: Immel Stefan , Lichtenthaler Frieder W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOn the basis of the color‐coded visualization of molecular electrostatic (MEP) and lipophilicity potential (MLP) profiles, the structural differences and similarities between cyclo‐β(1→2)‐fructohexaoside (α‐cyclofructin, 1) and its backbone‐derived 18‐crown‐6 ether and the cyclodextrins are outlined. Unlike α‐cyclodextrin, α‐cyclofructin exhibits no central cavity with which to form inclusion complexes. Rather, it has a pronounced “front/back” differentiation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface regions. In agreement with experimental observations, the MEP shows not only that the crown ether‐type properties of α‐cyclofructin are well‐suited for the complexation of metal cations, but also that there is a pronounced regioselectivity for their incorporation.
Small Rings, 91 Fragmentation of Cyclobutane in a Bromine‐Doped and Undoped Xenon Matrix
Authors: Maier Günther , Senger Stefan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIrradiation (λ =254 nm) of cyclobutane in a bromine‐doped xenon matrix leads to ring opening in spite of the fact that cyclobutane does not absorb in this region. The main products are ethene and 1‐butene. The same reaction, but less effectively, occurs upon irradiation with a laser (KrF laser, λ =248 nm) in the absence of the halogen. The difference in the mechanisms of the two fragmentations is discussed.
Syntheses and CD Studies of New Optically Active Substituted 1,5‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives
Authors: Malik Farnaz , Hasan Mashooda , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Perveen Shahnaz , Snatzke Günther , Voelter Wolfgang , Duddeck Helmut 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSeventeen optically active substituted 1,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐2H‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐2‐thiones (1a to 1d, 2a to 2d, 3d to 3d, 4b to 4d and 5b to 5d) were synthesized by treating the corresponding optically active substituted 1,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐2H‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones with Lawesson's reagent (L. R.). The thioamide 1a was alkylated with methyl iodide to obtain 4‐methyl‐2‐methylmercaptodihydro‐1,5‐benzodiazepine (6a) and 4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐methylmercaptodihydro‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐2‐thione (6b). Twelve optically active substituted 1,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐2H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines (7a to 7c, 8a to 8d, 9a to 9d and 10d) were synthesized by the reduction of the corresponding substituted 1,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐2H‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones. 4‐Methyl‐1,5‐diacetyl‐(7e) and 1,4,5‐trimethyl‐ (7d), 1,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐2H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines were synthesized by treating 7a with acetic anhydride and methyl iodide separately as given in the experimental part. The UV and CD spectra of the parent chiral benzodiazepines 7a to 7d and benzodiazepine‐2‐thiones 1a to 1d are discussed, showing that especially several n → π* transition can be detected via the chiroptical methods only. Sign changes of Cotton effects upon N‐5 methylation strongly suggest a conformational change of the 7‐membered ring.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Silyl Aldehydes and Ketones via SAMP/RAMP Hydrazones
Authors: Enders Dieter , Lohray Braj B. , Burkamp Frank , Bhushan Vidya , Hett Robert 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn efficient, highly regio‐ and enantioselective methodology for the synthesis of α‐silyl aldehydes and ketones 2 and 6 using two different procedures was developed. Direct α‐silylation of the azaenolates derived from SAMP/RAMP hydrazones 3 with various silyl trifluoromethanesulfonates resulted after oxidative removal of the chiral auxiliary in highly enantiomerically enriched α‐silyl aldehydes and ketones (R)‐ or (S)‐2. Alternatively, hydrazones 5 derived from acetaldehyde or methyl ketones were initially α‐silylated followed by highly diastereoselective α‐alkylation with suitable electrophiles. The latter variant allows the regiocontrolled synthesis of α‐silyl ketones (S)‐6 with high enantiomeric purity, not available by direct α‐silylation of unsymmetrical ketone hydrazones. The absolute configuration of the resultant α‐silylcarbonyl compounds 2 and 6 was derived from earlier mechanistic investigations of electrophilic substitutions via deprotonated SAMP/RAMP hydrazones and was unambiguously assigned by X‐ray‐crystallographical analysis of the α‐silyl‐SAMP hydrazone (S,R)‐4c.
Synthesis, X‐ray Structural Analysis, and Conformational Study of anti‐[3.3]Metacyclophane Quinhydrone Dimethyl Ether
Authors: Shinmyozu Teruo , Wen Gang , Hirakawa Takafumi , Osada Satoshi , Takemura Hiroyuki , Sako Katsuya , Rudziński Jerzy M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSynthesis and X‐ray structural analysis of anti‐[3.3]metacyclophane‐2,11‐dione quinhydrone dimethyl ether (3) are described. The formation of anti‐3 starting from syn‐9 may be ascribed to the syn→anti isomerization of the syn‐quinhydrone 17 according to a benzoquinone ring inversion process. This is in contrast to a reverse anti→syn isomerization (4 → 5a) of anti‐[3.3]metacyclophane quinhydrone dimethyl ether 4. Results of a conformational analysis of the parent [3.3]metacyclophanes (1 and 2) and the calculated relative stability of syn and anti isomers (3, 17 and 4, 5a) suggest that the major driving force of these syn‐anti isomerizations originates from the relative thermodynamical stability of the syn and anti isomers rather than from the donor‐acceptor interaction between the rings. The anti geometry of 3 was confirmed by an X‐ray structural analysis.