bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability certification of bioethanol: how is it perceived by Brazilian stakeholders?
Authors: Huertas David A. , Berndes Göran , Holmén Magnus , Sparovek Gerd 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates whether initiatives for sustainability certification of Brazilian ethanol can be expected to stimulate a change among producers toward more sustainable production – and, if so, what those changes would likely be. Connected to this, several questions are raised including whether producers might prefer to target other markets with less stringent demands, and if certification might lead to structural changes in the sector because producers who lack the capacity to meet the new requirements cannot remain competitive. The analysis of interviews with a diverse group of stakeholders under the guidance of the Technological Innovation Systems framework allowed us identify different actions taken by the Brazilian sugarcane ethanol sector in response to requirements of sustainability. The interviewees agreed that sustainability certification is an important element for the expansion of biofuel production in Brazil. Brazilian stakeholders have created a platform for more competitive sustainable production and have initiated relevant processes in response to the development connected to sustainability certification. Yet, the certification activities have had a limited impact in terms of the number of involved stakeholders. But interview responses indicate that the sector may adapt to new certification requirements rather than leave markets where such requirements become established. Structural changes can be expected if certification requirements as they exist in many initiatives are introduced in unflexible ways. The social importance of the ethanol industry is large in Brazil and some adjustments for certification may be required. The paper concludes by suggesting some actions for the industry. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A semiparametric Bayesian approach for structural equation models
Authors: Song Xin‐Yuan , Pan Jun‐Hao , Kwok Timothy , Vandenput Liesbeth , Ohlsson Claes , Leung Ping‐Chung 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn the development of structural equation models (SEMs), observed variables are usually assumed to be normally distributed. However, this assumption is likely to be violated in many practical researches. As the non‐normality of observed variables in an SEM can be obtained from either non‐normal latent variables or non‐normal residuals or both, semiparametric modeling with unknown distribution of latent variables or unknown distribution of residuals is needed. In this article, we find that an SEM becomes nonidentifiable when both the latent variable distribution and the residual distribution are unknown. Hence, it is impossible to estimate reliably both the latent variable distribution and the residual distribution without parametric assumptions on one or the other. We also find that the residuals in the measurement equation are more sensitive to the normality assumption than the latent variables, and the negative impact on the estimation of parameters and distributions due to the non‐normality of residuals is more serious. Therefore, when there is no prior knowledge about parametric distributions for either the latent variables or the residuals, we recommend making parametric assumption on latent variables, and modeling residuals nonparametrically. We propose a semiparametric Bayesian approach using the truncated Dirichlet process with a stick breaking prior to tackle the non‐normality of residuals in the measurement equation. Simulation studies and a real data analysis demonstrate our findings, and reveal the empirical performance of the proposed methodology. A free WinBUGS code to perform the analysis is available in Supporting Information.
A Bayesian method to estimate the optimal threshold of a longitudinal biomarker
Authors: Subtil Fabien , Rabilloud Muriel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop methods to estimate the optimal threshold of a longitudinal biomarker and its credible interval when the diagnostic test is based on a criterion that reflects a dynamic progression of that biomarker. Two methods are proposed: one parametric and one non‐parametric. In both the cases, the Bayesian inference was used to derive the posterior distribution of the optimal threshold from which an estimate and a credible interval could be obtained. A numerical study shows that the bias of the parametric method is low and the coverage probability of the credible interval close to the nominal value, with a small coverage asymmetry in some cases. This is also true for the non‐parametric method in case of large sample sizes. Both the methods were applied to estimate the optimal prostate‐specific antigen nadir value to diagnose prostate cancer recurrence after a high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment. The parametric method can also be applied to non‐longitudinal biomarkers.
Validation and clinical application of an LC‐ESI‐MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of tolmetin and MED5, the metabolites of amtolmetin guacil in human plasma
Authors: Hotha Kishore Kumar , Bharathi D. Vijaya , Kumar S. Sirish , Reddy Y. Narsimha , Chatki Pankaj , Ravindranath L. K. , Veera K. N. Jaya , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA highly sensitive, rapid assay method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of tolmetin (TMT) and MED5 in human plasma with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in the positive‐ion mode. A simple solid‐phase extraction process was used to extract TMT and MED5 along with mycophenolic acid (internal standard, IS) from human plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved with 0.2% formic acid–acetonitrile (25:75, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.50 mL/min on an X‐Terra RP18 column with a total run time of 2.5 min. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were 258.1 → 119.0 for TMT, 315.1 → 119.0 for MED5 and 321.2 → 207.0 for IS. Method validation and clinical sample analysis were performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The lower limit of quantitation achieved was 20 ng/mL and the linearity was observed from 20 to 2000 ng/mL, for both the anlaytes. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions were in the range 3.27–4.50 and 5.32–8.18%, respectively for TMT and 4.27–5.68 and 5.32–8.85%, respectively for MED5. This novel method has been applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomic study of the prechiasmatic sulcus and its surgical implications
Authors: Guthikonda Bharat , Tobler William D. , Froelich Sebastien C. , Leach James L. , Zimmer Lee A. , Theodosopoulos Philip V. , Tew John M. , Keller Jeffrey T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTo address a lack of anatomical descriptions in the literature regarding the prechiasmatic sulcus, we conducted an anatomical study of this sulcal region and discuss its clinical relevance to cranial base surgery. Our systematic morphometric analysis includes the variable types of chiasmatic sulcus and a classification schema that has surgical implications. We examined the sulcal region in 100 dry skulls; bony relationships measured included the interoptic distance, sulcal length/width, planum sphenoidale length, and sulcal angle. The varied anatomy of the prechiasmatic sulcii was classified as four types in combinations of wide to narrow, steep to flat. Its anterior border is the limbus sphenoidale at the posterior aspect of the planum sphenoidale. The sulcus extends posteriorly to the tuberculum sellae and laterally to the posteromedial aspect of each optic strut. Averages included an interoptic distance (19.3 ± 2.4 mm), sulcal length (7.45 ± 1.27 mm), planum sphenoidale length (19 ± 2.35 mm), and sulcal angle (31 ± 14.2 degrees). Eighteen percent of skulls had a chiasmatic ridge, a bony projection over the chiasmatic sulcus. The four types of prechiasmatic sulcus in our classification hold potential surgical relevance. Near the chiasmatic ridge, meningiomas may be hidden from the surgeon's view during a subfrontal or pterional approach. Preoperative evaluation by thin‐cut CT scans of this region can help detect this ridge. Clin. Anat. 23:622–628, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Congenital absence of the portal vein—Case report and a review of literature
Authors: Mistinova Jana , Valacsai Frantisek , Varga Ivan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCongenital absence of the portal vein (CAPV) is a rare anomaly in which the intestinal and the splenic venous drainage bypass the liver and drain into systemic veins through various venous shunts. To our knowledge, we have reviewed all 83 cases of CAPV, since first described in 1793. This equates to a rate of almost 2.5 cases per year over the last 30 years. Morgan and Superina (1994, J. Pediatr. Surg. 29:1239–1241) proposed the following classification of portosystemic anomalies; either the liver is not perfused with portal blood because of a complete shunt (Type I) or the liver is perfused with portal blood due to the presence of a partial shunt (Type II). In our case, abdominal venous blood drained into the suprarenal inferior vena cava via the left renal vein and dilated left gastric veins. After analyzing all reported cases, we recognize that more than 65% of patients are females and more than 30% of all published cases had been diagnosed by the age of 5 years. Additional anomalies are common in CAPV. In the reported cases, more then 22% of patients had congenital heart disease. Other commonly found anomalies include abnormalities of the spleen, urinary and male genital tract, brain as well as skeletal anomalies. Hepatic changes such as focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatoblastoma are diagnosed in more then 40% of patients. This article also illustrates the radiological findings of CAPV. Radiological evaluation by ultrasound, CT, and MRI is helpful to detect coexisting abnormalities. Clin. Anat. 23:750–758, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of rudimentary sacral zygapophyseal facets and accessory and ligamentous articulations: Implications for load transmission at the L5‐S1 junction
Authors: Mahato Niladri Kumar 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWeight transmitted from the fifth lumbar vertebrae to the sacrum is distributed as three separate components between (a) the vertebral bodies anteriorly, (b) the transverse elements intermediately, and (c) the lumbosacral facet joints, posteriorly. The posterior components of the fifth lumbar vertebra share greater proportion of load in comparison with the posterior elements of the upper lumbar vertebral levels. This study focuses on rudimentary lumbosacral facet articulations and their possible effects on load sharing at this region. Twenty sacra bearing rudimentary articulations were collected for analysis. Sixteen of these sacra presented unilateral rudimentary facets, and the remaining four had facets that were bilaterally rudimentary. Thirteen of the sacra with unilateral rudimentary facets showed an accessory articulating area on the upper surface of the ala on the same side as the rudimentary zygapophyseal facet. The remaining three sacra (out of the 16) showed evidence of strong ligamentous attachments between the L5 and S1 transverse elements on the sides of the rudimentary facets. All the sacra with bilateral rudimentary facets demonstrated bilateral accessory L5–S1 articulations. These observations indicated that load transmission at lumbosacral junctions bearing a rudimentary facet joint is not normal and that their associations with strong L5–S1 lumbosacral ligamentous attachments or accessory articulations at the transverse elements serve a compensatory mechanism for load sharing. Clin. Anat. 23:707–711, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Going Forward Laterally: Transmembrane Passage of Hydrophobic Molecules through Protein Channel Walls
Authors: van den Berg Bert 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRegular phospholipid bilayers do not pose efficient barriers for the transport of hydrophobic molecules. The outer membrane (OM) surrounding Gram‐negative bacteria is a nontypical, asymmetric bilayer with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The sugar molecules of the LPS layer prevent spontaneous diffusion of hydrophobic molecules across the OM. As regular OM channels such as porins do not allow passage of hydrophobic molecules, specialized OM transport proteins are required for their uptake. Such proteins, exemplified by channels of the FadL family, transport their substrates according to a lateral diffusion mechanism. Here, substrates diffuse from the lumen of the β‐barrel laterally into the OM, through a stable opening in the wall of the barrel. In this way, the lipopolysaccharide barrier is bypassed and, by depositing the substrates into the OM, a driving force for uptake is provided. Lateral diffusion through protein channel walls also occurs in α‐helical inner membrane proteins, and could represent a widespread mechanism for proteins that transport and interact with hydrophobic substrates.
Dr Harold Frederick Shipman: An enigma
Authors: Gunn John 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDr. Shipman was the worst known serial killer in British history, at least in terms of numbers of victims, and possibly the worst in world history, if politicians are excluded. He killed at least 215 patients and may have begun his murderous career at the age of 25, within a year of finishing his medical training. His case has had a profound impact on the practice of medicine in the United Kingdom. Was he a special case? What were the origins of this behaviour? Could the behaviour have been prevented? It is necessary to learn what we can from a few personal facts and largely circumstantial evidence. He withheld himself from any useful clinical investigation or treatment once he had been taken into custody. Could he have been treated at any stage? Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Synthetic Approaches to 6,15‐Iminoisoquino[3,2‐b]3‐benzazocine Compounds
Authors: Avendaño Carmen , de la Cuesta Elena 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSaframycins, safracins, renieramycins, cribrostatins, and esteinascidins are 6,15‐iminoisoquino[3,2‐b]3‐benzazocine compounds that constitute the largest subgroup among the antitumor antibiotics belonging to the tetrahydroisoquinoline family. Their structural complexity has led to widespread synthetic attention to obtain them in both racemic and enantiopure forms. Publication in 1996 of the first total synthesis of ecteinascidin 743 by Corey’s group was an important milestone, but the development of preparative protocols for these structures has continued, offering new possibilities to exploit the biological activity of the above‐mentioned natural products and their analogues. This minireview is intended to update this progress following a methodological rather than a chronological organization. Besides of a brief description of the different strategies evolved from retrosynthetic analyses, which have been organized according to the order of bonding events that will link the precursors, semisynthetic approaches and a brief account of the total syntheses of ecteinascidin 743, have been analyzed.
The Equilibrium Between the Octahedral and Square Pyramidal Form and the Influence of an Axial Ligand on the Molecular Properties of VIVO Complexes: A Spectroscopic and DFT Study
Authors: Gorelsky Serge , Micera Giovanni , Garribba Eugenio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe previously unreported equilibrium in aqueous solution between the VIVO square pyramidal and trans octahedral form with an axial water molecule for a number of bidentate ligands with (N,O) and (O,O) donor sets (6‐methylpicolinic (6‐mepicH) and 6‐methyl‐2,3‐pyridinedicarboxylic (6‐me‐2,3‐pdcH2) acids, dipyridin‐2‐ylmethanol (Hdpmo) and 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐4(1H)‐pyridinone (Hdhp)) has been demonstrated by the combined application of EPR spectroscopy and DFT methods. The EPR spectra suggest that, with increasing ionic strength, the equilibrium is shifted towards the formation of the pentacoordinated species and values of K≈4.0 and 7.0 for the systems containing 6‐methyl‐2,3‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid and dipyridin‐2‐ylmethanol were measured. DFT calculations performed with Gaussian 03 and ORCA software predict the 51V anisotropic hyperfine coupling constant along the z axis (Az), which can be used to demonstrate the presence of an axially bound ligand trans to the VO bond. The results suggest that an axial donor (charged or not) can lower |Az|, in contrast to what was previously believed on the basis of the “additivity rule”, and this explains the anomalous behaviour of the VIVO complexes formed by N‐{2‐[(2‐pyridylmethylene)amino]phenyl}pyridine‐2‐carboxamide (Hcapca) and several amidrazone derivatives. The decrease in |Az| for the axial binding of a solvent molecule is mainly a result of the reduction of |Aiso| and this was also observed when the solid [VO(6‐methylpicolinato)2] was dissolved in DMSO or DMF. The variations in the structural (VO, VO and VN distances, OVO and NVN angles, and the trigonality index τ) and spectroscopic (|Az|, |Aiso| and ν(VO)) properties as a function of the axial VOH2 distance (R) are also presented. Finally, the electronic structures of the penta‐ and hexacoordinated complexes are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Sandwich‐Type Silicotungstates: Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Dimeric Polyoxoanions [{SiM2W9O34(H2O)}2] 12‐ (M: Mn2+, Cu2+, Zn2+).
Authors: Kortz Ulrich , Isber Samih , Dickmann Michael H. , Ravot Didier 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversing the Polarity of Enol Ethers: An Anodic Route to Tetrahydrofuran and Tetrahydropyran Rings.
Authors: Sutterer Angela , Moeller Kevin D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Polymer‐Supported Rhodium Catalyst that Functions in Polar Protic Solvents.
Authors: Taylor Rebecca A. , Santora Brian P. , Gagne Michel R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rigid Dipeptide Mimetics. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of All Eight Stereoisomers of 2‐Oxo‐3‐(N‐Cbz‐amino)‐1‐azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane‐9‐carboxylic Acid Ester.
Authors: Mulzer Johann , Schuelzchen Frank , Bats Jan‐W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Chiral Oxazoline Derived from Camphor and Its Conversion to (R)‐2‐Methylalkanoic Acids.
Authors: Chandrasekhar Sosale , Kausar Amina 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Aldol Condensation of 1,3‐Bis‐(trimethylsilyloxy)‐1‐methoxy‐buta‐1,3‐diene Promoted by Chiral Ti(IV)/BINOL Complex.
Authors: Soriente Annunziata , De Rosa Margherita , Villano Rosaria , Scettri Arrigo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to N‐Diphenylphosphinylimines Using Dendritic Chiral Ligands with Hydrocarbon Backbones.
Authors: Sato Itaru , Kodaka Ryo , Shibata Takanori , Hirokawa Yutaka , Shirai Nobuaki , Ohtake Koji , Soai Kenso 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Perfluoro‐2‐methylpent‐2‐ene and Perfluoro‐5‐azanon‐4‐ene with Aniline and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Chi Ki‐Whan , Furin Georgii G. , Bagryanskay Irina Yu. , Gatilov Yurii V. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Induced Bismuth Trichloride Catalyzed Beckmann Rearrangement of Oximes.
Authors: Thakur Ashim J. , Boruah Anima , Prajapati Dipak , Sandhu Jagir S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of New Bis[2‐(4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxazolinyl)phenyl] Chalcogenides: Crystal and Molecular Structure of Bis[2‐(4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxazolinyl)phenyl] Telluride.
Authors: Apte Sandeep D. , Singh Harkesh B. , Butcher Ray J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dipole‐Stabilized Carbanions in Series of Cyclic Aldonitrones. Part 2. Reactions of the Metalated Aldonitrones — Derivatives of 3‐Imidazoline 3‐Oxide and 2H‐Imidazole 1‐Oxide with Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Voinov Maxim A. , Grigor'ev Igor A. , Volodarsky Leonid B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Reactions of Ketene Diethyl Acetal Toward the Synthesis of Cyclobutene Monomers.
Authors: Kniep Carina S. , Padias Anne B. , Hall Jr. H. K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.