bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the H2 Flow Rate on the Deposition of TiO2 Film Produced by Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Assisted CVD
Authors: Jang Dong‐Su , Kwon Soon‐Ho , Lee Hee‐Yong , Yang Won‐Kyun , Lee Jung‐Joong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) films are produced by inductively coupled plasma‐assisted (ICP) CVD at various H2 flow rates. Anatase and rutile TiO2 films are obtained without any external heating. The surface morphologies, structures, and deposition rates of the TiO2 films are strongly affected by the H2 flow rate. By plasma diagnostics, using a single Langmuir probe (SLP) and optical emission spectroscopy (OES), it is found that the amount of H2 plays a dominant role in determining the deposition rate of the TiO2 films, while the substrate temperature or plasma density do not appreciably affect the deposition rate.
New Insights into the Chemistry of the Antineoplastic Lanthanum Complex Tris(1,10‐phenanthroline)tris(thiocyanato‐κN)lanthanum(III) (KP772) and Its Interaction with Biomolecules
Authors: Biba Florian , Groessl Michael , Egger Alexander , Roller Alexander , Hartinger Christian G. , Keppler Bernhard K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe lanthanide complex tris(1,10‐phenanthroline)tris(thiocyanato‐κN)lanthanum(III) [La(phen)3(NCS)3] (KP772) is a promising anticancer drug candidate, capable of overcoming resistance of tumors to established chemotherapeutics. The compound was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, TG/DTA measurements, mass spectrometry and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The results indicate that KP772 is a neutral, nine‐coordinate complex. In addition the behavior in water, important for the application as a chemotherapeutic drug, and the binding to biomolecules was investigated by capillary electrophoresis and ICP‐MS.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Preparation of Hollow Carbon and Silicon Carbide Fibers with Different Cross‐Sections by using Electrospun Fibers as Templates
Authors: Cheng Yongliang , Zhang Jiangfeng , Zhang Yanfei , Chen Xiaolong , Wang Ying , Ma Hongmei , Cao Xueqiang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHollow carbon nanofibers with circular and rectangular opening were prepared by using electrospun silica fibers as templates. Silica fibers were synthesized by electrospinning, and they were coated with a carbon layer formed by thermal decomposition and carbonization of polystyrene under a nitrogen atmosphere. Hollow carbon nanofibers with circular and rectangular openings were then obtained after the silica core was etched by hydrofluoric acid. The carbon nanofibers with different morphologies also could be used as templates to fabricate silicon carbide fibers. The silicon carbide fibers with circular and rectangular openings could be obtained by using hollow carbon nanofibers and carbon belts as templates, respectively. The hollow carbon nanofibers and silicon carbide fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, and the formation mechanism was also discussed(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Investigation of Some 11‐Tungstoruthenate(III) Polyoxoanions
Authors: Rong Charles C. , So Hyunsoo , Pope Michael T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEPR spectra of three Keggin structure polyoxotungstates containing ruthenium(III), [PW11O39Ru(L)]4– (L = H2O, pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide), have been recorded at 77 K and yield details of the symmetry and ligand field parameters of the embedded low‐spin d5 ruthenium cation. The magnitudes of the g tensors and 99,101Ru hyperfine coupling constants of the dmso derivative show that the unpaired electron occupies a dxy‐type orbital as a result of the axial component of the ligand field with Δ(dxy – dxz,dyz) ≈ 6200 cm–1. A weak broad absorption in the electronic spectrum at ca. 5600 cm–1 is consistent with this interpretation. A smaller rhombic component imposed by the polytungstate ligand further splits the dxz and dyz orbitals (< 2000 cm–1). The orbital reduction factor k of the dmso complex (0.69) is significantly smaller than those for the aqua and pyridine derivatives (0.80, 0.83), and this implies that, as previously found for the RuII analog, the dmso ligand is S‐bonded in the RuIII complex.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Nature of some insoluble materials recovered from biodiesel samples
Authors: Bondioli Paolo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper summarises the work carried out over the last few years on the identification of the insoluble material that may affect quality and performance of biodiesel. The correct isolation and purification procedure is important for sediment identification. The main objective is FTIR analysis of the purified materials. In the present report the FTIR technique was used to provide some preliminary information about the nature of the isolated solid product. In every case, starting from this information, several other tests (carried out by TLC, GC, GC/MS and HPLC) were used to identify the real structure of contaminants. Interesting case studies, such as the recovery and identification of waxes, lysophosphatides, filter aids, citric acid salts, steryl glucosides and other contaminating molecules are presented and discussed. For each case, the logical path for the solution of problem is presented, starting from the purification step, through the FTIR spectrum until specific chemical tests.
Jatropha curcas, a promising crop for the generation of biodiesel and value‐added coproducts
Authors: Makkar Harinder P. S. , Becker Klaus 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe review highlights the specific features of the Jatropha curcas plant and its potential for the production of biofuel, protein concentrates as livestock feed and value‐added products that could enhance the economic viability of Jatropha seed oil‐based biodiesel production. The roles of the plant in carbon capture, enhancing socio‐economic conditions, food production in the tropical regions, and influencing micro‐climate, vegetation and soil quality are discussed. The paper also gives a comparative account of the toxic and non‐toxic genotypes of J. curcas from the point of view of their physical and chemical properties and their potential for biodiesel and livestock feed production. Future areas of research are also presented.
Implications of biodiesel production and utilisation on global climate – A literature review
Authors: Majer Stefan , Mueller‐Langer Franziska , Zeller Vanessa , Kaltschmitt Martin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOver the last few years, the favourable political environment has led to an increasing use of biofuels in the worldwide transportation sector. This development is mainly driven by concerns about the security of energy supplies and the intention to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG). However, recently, the sustainability of a broad biofuel production and use has, in particular, been strongly questioned. Against this background, in this study a literature review on available and recently published life cycle assessment (LCA) studies for biodiesel has been carried out and the potential GHG emission savings from biodiesel production and use compared to fossil diesel have been analysed. The results of the reviewed studies underline the significant influence of the effects of land use change and the importance of avoiding the conversion of natural land into agricultural areas. If no land use change takes place, the results show moderate to good GHG savings for biodiesel (depending on the type of converted raw materials as well as on the chosen biomass conversion technology). In particular, the biodiesel feedstock production and the source of energy for the production process strongly influence the overall result of the GHG balance of biodiesel.
Higher Aggregation of β‐Peptide Networks Controlled by Nucleobase Pairing
Authors: Srivastava Ratika , Kumar Ray Anmol , Diederichsen Ulf 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe aggregation and 3D organization of peptide helices are key elements in biology but might also be relevant in nanostructure formation. β‐Peptide helices were used as conformationally stable surrogates of α‐peptides to be organized by covalently attached nucleobases as recognition units. Because the β‐peptide 14‐helix conformation allows addressing individual sides of the helix, the aggregation of helices functionalized on two helix flanks was investigated. Nine helices varying in sequence and nucleobase composition were prepared by solid‐phase peptide synthesis and analyzed by temperature‐dependent UV and CD spectroscopy and FT‐ICR mass spectrometry. Already, sequences of three nucleobases on both sides of the helix provided stable aggregates. Aggregate formation was sequence dependent and led to one complex being stable in water at least up to 80 °C.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
New Thiazoline–Oxazoline Ligands and Their Application in the Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Reaction
Authors: McKeon Seán C. , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Guiry Patrick J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSix members of a novel non‐C2‐symmetric ligand class incorporating an oxazoline and thiazoline unit have been prepared in a four‐step, high‐yielding and convergent synthesis, in which the key step is a microwave‐assisted palladium‐catalyzed aryl amination. The new ligands induced enantiomeric excesses of up to 76 % in the asymmetric Friedel–Crafts reaction.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Lectin‐based glycoproteomics to explore and analyze hepatocellular carcinoma‐related glycoprotein markers
Authors: Dai Zhi , Zhou Jian , Qiu Shuang‐Jian , Liu Yin‐Kun , Fan Jia 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMore and more new diagnostic biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been found in association with advances in the standardization of 2‐DE coupled with MS analysis. However, the diagnosis of HCC is still detected in the late stages of the disease, when treatment options are limited and prognosis is poor. The glycosylation of proteins is known to change in tumor cells during the development of HCC as the result of alterations in the levels of glycosyltransferases, such as increased fucosylation of Golgi Protein 73 and α‐fetoprotein. These structural changes can influence the function or physiochemical properties of a protein, resulting in abnormal cancer cell behavior. Therefore, identification of HCC‐related glycoprotein markers and analysis of glycan structural alterations might assist in the early detection of HCC. Here, we summarize lectin‐based glycoproteomic strategies for the discovery of relevant biomarkers of HCC. The carbohydrate‐binding specificities of different lectins offer a biological affinity approach that complements existing MS capabilities. These strategies involve the enrichment of glycoproteins or glycopeptides by lectins, followed by releasing carbohydrates with peptide‐N‐glycosidase F or reductive β‐elimination. The obtained glycopeptides are then identified by automated MS/MS and structural analysis of glycans is performed through modern methods such as quadrupole IT‐TOF, MALDI‐TOF/TOF and lectin microarray. These strategies will lead to faster and more clinically adaptable tests with greater sensitivity and specificity.
Development of sensitive metalloporphyrin probes for chemiluminescent imaging detection of serum proteins
Authors: Liu Xia , Huang Lingyun , Baeyens Willy R. G. , Ouyang Jin , He Dacheng , Wan Genping , Zhang Li 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe development of metalloporphyrin‐ (ferric protoporphyrin IX chloride (FePP), cobalt (III) protoporphyrin IX chloride, copper (II) protoporphyrin IX) enhanced chemiluminescent (CL) imaging detection of serum proteins after PAGE is described in this article. The detection is based on the catalytic activity of metalloporphyrins, especially FePP, in the CL reaction of the luminol–H2O2 system. Some relatively low abundant proteins such as hemopexin (Hpx) and complement C4 are sensitively detected by FePP‐enhanced CL imaging. Other proteins such as haptoglobin, apolipoprotein A‐1, complement C3, and α‐1‐antitrypsin are also detected and identified by MS and MS/MS techniques. Detection limit of Hpx is as low as 20 ng, without the need of expensive antibodies or tedious immunoassay procedures. The mechanism of the proposed method is discussed employing standard proteins. The application to the analysis of different protein patterns in healthy people and in Thalassemia patients is being investigated.
A rat‐to‐human search for proteomic alterations reveals transgelin as a biomarker relevant to colorectal carcinogenesis and liver metastasis
Authors: Peng Jiayuan , Zhang Qingfu , Ma Yanlei , Wang Yu , Huang Long , Zhang Peng , Chen Jie , Qin Huanlong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this study, a modified rat model similar to the classic human evolution of colorectal cancer (CRC) was established. As such, the altered profiles of proteins involved in these processes were further verified in human specimens, so as to determine the potential biomarkers relevant to human CRC development. Protein samples of four specific stages involved in CRC progression ((i) normal mucosa, (ii) adenoma, (iii) carcinoma, and (iv) liver metastasis)) were investigated by 2‐DE. One protein spot displayed sequential suppression in the course of colorectal malignant transformation and was identified as transgelin by mass spectrometry. A decrease in its expression in both the epithelium and lamina propria was further confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses. Clinical and pathological parameter analysis revealed that downregulation of transgelin was associated with poor differentiation, and subsequent Dukes Stage and lower survival rate. Paradoxically, its sera level was significantly higher in CRC patients than in healthy donors, and the rise became dramatic, particularly in later Dukes Stages. These results indicate that downregulation of transgelin, in both the epithelium and lamina propria and accompanied with colorectal carcinogenesis, is correlated with worse prognosis. Its elevated serum levels might be the result of pathological hyperplasia of myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells together with deeper tumor invasion into muscle layers. This altered expression represents interactions between cancer epithelium and stroma, such that transgelin might be a potential marker for CRC genesis and progression.
Reliability modelling of uninterruptible power supply systems using fault tree analysis method
Authors: Rahmat Mohd Khairil , Jovanovic Slobodan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the reliability parameters estimation method for the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) technique. FTA is a top–down approach to identify all potential causes leading to system failure. The computation of the system's failure probability is the main goal of this analysis, as this value can be used to calculate other important system reliability parameters such as failure rates, mean time between failures and reliability. In this paper, the FTA method was applied to five different UPS topologies and the results obtained were compared and discussed in detail. By comparing the critical fault path of the system, it was found that the inverter failures contributed most significantly to the system failure. It was also found that the probability of failure of a UPS system can be reduced by the inclusion of bypass supply, given that the failure rate of the events that causing the failure of the bypass supply should be lower compared to the ones for the main utility supply. Finally, to validate the results obtained from this method, comparisons were made to the results from other methods such as the Reliability Block Diagram, Boolean Truth Table, Probability Tree, Monte‐Carlo Simulation and Field Data reliability estimation methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast corrective load shedding control scheme to prevent AC/DC systems voltage collapse
Authors: Cai Guanglin , Zhang Yongjun , Chen Rouyi , Cai Zexiang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a corrective load shedding algorithm to restore power flow solvability of AC/DC systems after severe contingencies. Firstly, contingency parameterization power flow is constructed to describe a set of multiple contingencies, including generators, HVDC links, ac lines and transformers. The post‐contingency critical point is quickly determined through optimal multiplier power flow and a simple optimization‐based outage parameter updating procedure. The updating strategy is better improved by the analysis of stability surface. At the nose point, the sensitivity analysis is performed to select the most effective control measure. Then, the corrective load shedding sensitivity‐based linear programming model is constructed to improve the stability margin. The numerical simulations on a practical 1621 bus system testify that the proposed method can prevent system from voltage collapse effectively and efficiently. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power flow algorithm and practical contingency analysis for distribution systems with distributed generation
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Yan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDistributed generation (DG) is playing an important role in enhancing the social sustainability. Because DGs connected to distribution network will impact power flow, it is necessary to develop a new approach of power flow analysis. In this paper, the interfaces between DGs and distribution network are introduced, the operating principles and control schemes of typical DGs, including asynchronous generators and solar batteries, are studied. A DC–AC sequential iteration approach is applied for calculating power flow with DGs. In addition, a practical sensitivity based contingency analysis approach is proposed in this paper. A 15‐bus distribution network with wind power generation and solar energy is analyzed to exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of subsyndromal depressive symptoms in middle‐aged and older adults with schizophrenia: effect on functioning
Authors: Kasckow John , Lanouette Nicole , Patterson Thomas , Fellows Ian , Golshan Shahrokh , Solorzano Ellen , Zisook Sidney 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundSubsyndromal symptoms of depression (SSD) in patients with schizophrenia are common and clinically important. SSRI's appear to be helpful in alleviating depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia who have SSD in patients age 40 and greater. It is not known whether SSRI's help improve functioning in this population. We hypothesized that treating this population with the SSRI citalopram would lead to improvements in social, mental and physical functioning as well as improvements in medication management and quality of life.MethodsParticipants were 198 adults ⩾ 40 years old with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who met study criteria for subsyndromal depression based on having two or more of the nine DSM‐IV symptoms of a major depressive episode, for at least 2 weeks, and a Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM‐D 17) score ⩾ 8. Patients were randomly assigned to flexible‐dose treatment with citalopram or placebo augmentation of their current antipsychotic medication(s) which was stable for 1 month. Subjects were assessed with the following functional scales at baseline and at the end of the 12‐week trial: (1) social skills performance assessment (SSPA), (2) medication management ability assessment (MMAA), (3) mental and physical components of the medical outcomes study SF‐12 Scale, and (4) the Heinrichs quality of life scale (QOLS). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare differences between endpoint scores of the citalopram and placebo treated groups, controlling for site and baseline scores. ANCOVAs were also used to compare differences in the above endpoint scores in responders versus non‐responders (responders = those with > 50% reduction in depressive symptoms).ResultsOverall, the citalopram group had significantly higher SSPA, mental functioning SF‐12, and quality of life scale (QOLS) scores compared to the placebo group. There was no effect on MMAA or physical functioning SF‐12 scores. Responders had significantly better endpoint mental SF‐12 and QOLS scores compared to non‐responders. Response to citalopram in terms of depressive symptoms mediated the effect of citalopram on mental functioning, but not on the quality of life.ConclusionsCitalopram augmentation of antipsychotic treatment in middle aged and older patients with schizophrenia and subsyndromal depression appears to improve social and mental health functioning as well as quality of life. Thus it is important for clinicians to monitor these aspects of functioning when treating this population of patients with schizophrenia with SSRI agents. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between changes in depression symptoms and changes in health risk behaviors in patients with diabetes
Authors: Katon Wayne J. , Russo Joan E. , Heckbert Susan R. , Lin Elizabeth H.B. , Ciechanowski Paul , Ludman Evette , Young Bessie , Von Korff Michael 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis longitudinal study of patients with diabetes examined the relationship between changes in depressive symptoms and changes in diabetes self‐care behaviors over 5 years.Design, Patients and MeasurementsA total of 2759 patients with diabetes enrolled in a large HMO were followed over a 5‐year period. Patients filled out a baseline mail survey and participated in a telephone interview 5 years later. Depression was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) and diabetes self‐care was measured with the Summary of Diabetes Self‐Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire. Baseline and longitudinal evidence of diabetes and medical disease severity and complications were measured using ICD‐9 and CPT codes and verified by chart review.ResultsAt the 5‐year follow‐up, patients with diabetes with either persistent or worsening depressive symptoms compared to those in the no depression group had significantly fewer days per week of following a healthy diet or participating in ≥30 min of exercise. At 5‐year follow‐up, patients with clinical improvement in depression symptoms showed no differences compared to the no depression group on number of days per week of adherence to diet but showed deterioration in adherence to exercise on some, but not all, measures.ConclusionsPatients with diabetes with persistent or worsening depressive symptoms over 5 years had significantly worse adherence to dietary and exercise regimens than patients in the no depression group. These results emphasize the need to further develop and test interventions to improve both quality of care for depression and self‐care in diabetes patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.