bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortisol involvement in mechanisms of behavioral inhibition
Authors: Tops Mattie , Boksem Maarten A.S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe studied whether baseline cortisol is associated with post‐error slowing, a measure that depends upon brain areas involved in behavioral inhibition. Moreover, we studied whether this association holds after controlling for positive associations with behavioral inhibition scores and error‐related negativity (ERN) amplitudes that cortisol and post‐error slowing may share. Healthy female volunteers performed a flanker task. Cortisol was independently positively associated with post‐error slowing and the ERN, supporting hypotheses that cortisol is involved in behavioral inhibition. Additionally, cortisol mediated an association between ERN and more post‐error slowing, which suppressed a direct association between ERN and less post‐error slowing. The results are relevant, not only for researchers of behavioral inhibition, but also for researchers of the basic mechanisms of the ERN and post‐error slowing, and may bring those literatures together.
Using presence‐only modelling to predict Asian elephant habitat use in a tropical forest landscape: implications for conservation
Authors: Rood Ente , Ganie Abdullah A. , Nijman Vincent 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim  Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, are threatened throughout their range by a combination of logging, large scale forest conversion and conflict with humans. We investigate which environmental factors, both biotic and abiotic, constrain the current distribution of elephants. A spatially explicit habitat model is constructed to find core areas for conservation and to assess current threats.Location  Ulu Masen Ecosystem in the province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia.Methods  A stratified survey was conducted at 12 sites (300 transects) to establish the presence of elephants. Presence records formed the basis to model potential habitat use. Ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA) is used to describe their niche and to identify key factors shaping elephant distribution. An initial niche model was constructed to describe elephant niche structure, and a second model focused on identifying core areas only. To assess the threat of habitat encroachment, overlap between the elephants’ optimal niche and the occurrence of forest encroachment is computed.Results  Elephants were recorded throughout the study area from sea level to 1600 m a.s.l. The results show that the elephant niche and consequently habitat use markedly deviates from the available environment. Elephant presence was positively related to forest cover and vegetation productivity, and elephants were largely confined to valleys. A spatially explicit model showed that elephants mainly utilize forest edges. Forest encroachment occurs throughout the elephants range and was found within 80% of the elephants’ ecological niche.Main conclusions  In contrast to general opinion, elephant distribution proved to be weakly constrained by altitude, possibly because of movement routes running through mountainous areas. Elephants were often found to occupy habitat patches in and near human‐dominated areas. This pattern is believed to reflect the displacement of elephants from their former habitat.
A spatially explicit method for evaluating accuracy of species distribution models
Authors: Smulders Mary , Nelson Trisalyn A. , Jelinski Dennis E. , Nielsen Scott E. , Stenhouse Gordon B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim  Models predicting the spatial distribution of animals are increasingly used in wildlife management and conservation planning. There is growing recognition that common methods of evaluating species distribution model (SDM) accuracy, as a global overall value of predictive ability, could be enhanced by spatially evaluating the model thereby identifying local areas of relative predictive strength and weakness. Current methods of spatial SDM model assessment focus on applying local measures of spatial autocorrelation to SDM residuals, which require quantitative model outputs. However, SDM outputs are often probabilistic (relative probability of species occurrence) or categorical (species present or absent). The goal of this paper was to develop a new method, using a conditional randomization technique, which can be applied to directly spatially evaluate probabilistic and categorical SDMs.Location  Eastern slopes, Rocky Mountains, Alberta, Canada.Methods  We used predictions from seasonal grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) resource selection functions (RSF) models to demonstrate our spatial evaluation technique. Local test statistics computed from bear telemetry locations were used to identify areas where bears were located more frequently than predicted. We evaluated the spatial pattern of model inaccuracies using a measure of spatial autocorrelation, local Moran’s I.Results  We found the model to have non‐stationary patterns in accuracy, with clusters of inaccuracies located in central habitat areas. Model inaccuracies varied seasonally, with the summer model performing the best and the least error in areas with high RSF values. The landscape characteristics associated with model inaccuracies were examined, and possible factors contributing to RSF error were identified.Main conclusions  The presented method complements existing spatial approaches to model error assessment as it can be used with probabilistic and categorical model output, which is typical for SDMs. We recommend that SDM accuracy assessments be done spatially and resulting accuracy maps included in model metadata.
Taxonomic notes on the genus Holepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from Korea with descriptions of six new species
Authors: LIM Jongok , TERAYAMA Mamoru , SHIN Sangchul , LEE Seunghwan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSix new species of the genus Holepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae: Epyrinae) from Korea are described: H. brevicarinatus sp. nov., H. crinitus sp. nov., H. dimidiatus sp. nov., H. longicephalus sp. nov., H. mucro sp. nov. and H. multo sp. nov. They are described with illustrations of male genitalia and the biometric measurement data. A key to the Korean species of Holepyris based on males is provided.
Subterranean species of the ant genus Crematogaster in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: HOSOISHI Shingo , YAMANE Seiki , OGATA Kazuo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThree Crematogaster ant species, C. (Orthocrema) javanica Menozzi, C. (O.) myops Forel and C. (O.) masukoi sp. nov., share reduced compound eyes which characterizes them among Asian species of the subgenus Orthocrema. The new species is described based on material from Borneo. It can be distinguished from C. javanica and C. myops by its smooth surface of clypeus and acutely produced subpetiolar process. Reduced compound eyes and yellowish body suggest that these three species are subterranean.
Phylogeny of Rhus gall aphids (Hemiptera : Pemphigidae) based on combined molecular analysis of nuclear EF1α and mitochondrial COII genes
Authors: YANG Zi‐xiang , CHEN Xiao‐ming , HAVILL Nathan P. , FENG Ying , CHEN Hang 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Rhus gall aphids (Fordinae : Melaphidini) have a disjunct distribution in East Asia and North America and have specific host plant relationships. Some of them are of economic importance and all species form sealed galls which show great variation in shape, size, structure, and galling‐site. We present a phylogeny incorporating ten species and four subspecies of Rhus gall aphids based on 1694 base pairs of nuclear elongation factor‐1α (EF1α) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) DNA sequence data. The results suggest that Melaphidini is monophyletic and at the genus level, Schlechtendalia, Nurudea, and Floraphis were each monophyletic. Kaburagia and Meitanaphis were not monophyletic and therefore inconsistent with the current classification. The North American sumac gall aphid, Melaphis rhois, was most closely related to the East Asian Floraphis species, although this was poorly supported. The conservation of gall morphology with respect to aphid phylogeny rather than their host plants suggests that gall morphology is largely determined by the aphids. While there is no evidence of strict co‐speciation between the aphids and their primary host plants, switching between recently diverged host plants may be involved in the speciation process in Melaphidini.
Nymphal trophic behaviour of two Nemouridae species (Insecta, Plecoptera) in the Curone creek (northern Apennines, Italy)
Authors: LÓPEZ‐RODRÍGUEZ Manuel J. , BO Tiziano , TIERNO DE FIGUEROA J. Manuel , FENOGLIO Stefano 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFeeding habits of the Euholognathan stoneflies Nemoura hesperiae and Amphinemura sulcicollis are studied in a little stream located in northern Italy. The former fed mainly on coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM), together with detritus, while the latter fed principally on detritus and, in a lower concern, on CPOM. Thus they can be catalogued fundamentally as shredder and collector‐gatherer, respectively. Shifts in diet composition were detected in relation to size in both taxa. Probably niche overlapping does not exist despite both species having similar size and nymphal development duration, and coinciding in time. This work supports that, though functional feeding groups are very useful, they should not be inferred from related species or higher taxonomical levels. Even intra‐population differences and ontogenetic shifts should be considered in fine scale studies.
Sexual difference in the photoperiodic induction of pupal diapause in the flesh fly Sarcophaga similis
Authors: TAGAYA Jun , NUMATA Hideharu , GOTO Shin G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe flesh fly Sarcophaga similis enters pupal diapause in response to short days, but averts diapause under long days. This species shows a sexual difference in the photoperiodic induction of diapause, with females having shorter critical daylength than males. Here, we proposed two hypotheses to explain this sexual difference. First, we proposed a sexual difference in the qualitative evaluation of photoperiods. This hypothesis assumes under the external coincidence model that although the photoinducible phase of both sexes locates at late scotophase, in males, it locates at a slightly earlier phase. However, the results of night interruption experiments clearly ruled out this hypothesis. Because we verified that S. similis evaluated photoperiods quantitatively, we next proposed a sexual difference in the quantitative evaluation of photoperiods. This hypothesis incorporates concepts of a hypothetical substance accumulation that shows a diapause‐inducing effect and an internal threshold that serves as a reference to determine the diapause/nondiapause developmental program. In long‐day exposure experiments and night interruption experiments, females consistently showed a lower incidence of diapause than males. Thus, the present study data satisfactorily meet the second hypothesis, that is a sexual difference in the quantitative evaluation of photoperiods exists in S. similis.
Management Options to Treat Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Supported on Rotary Left Ventricular Assist Devices: A Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Hayes Helen M. , Dembo Lawrence G. , Larbalestier Robert , O'Driscoll Gerry 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in ventricular assist devices (VADs) has been reported with rotary devices. The pathophysiological mechanisms and treatments are in evolution. We performed a retrospective review of GI bleeding episodes for all VADs implanted at our institution. Five male patients experienced GI bleeding—age 63.6 ± 3.64 years. VAD type VentrAssist n = 1, Jarvik 2000 n = 2, and HeartWare n = 2. All patients were anticoagulated as per protocol with antiplatelet agents (aspirin and/or clopidogrel bisulfate [Plavix] and warfarin (therapeutic international normalized ratio 2.0–3.5). There was no prior history of gastric bleeding in this group. Ten episodes of bleeding requiring blood transfusion occurred in five patients. Some patients had multiple episodes (1 × 5, 1 × 2, 3 × 1). The events occurred at varying times post‐VAD implantation (days 14, 21, 26, 107, 152, 189, 476, 582, 669, and 839). Octreotide (a long‐acting somatostatin analogue that reduces splanchnic arterial and portal blood flow) was administered subcutaneously or intravenously. Three patients received infusions of adrenaline at 1 µg/min to enhance pulsatility. Anticoagulation was interrupted during bleeding episodes but successfully introduced post bleeding event. GI bleeding is a significant complication of VAD therapy. In this article, we discuss diagnosis and management options.
Japanese Guidance for Ventricular Assist Devices/Total Artificial Hearts
Authors: Yamane Takashi , Kyo Shunei , Matsuda Hikaru , Abe Yusuke , Imachi Kou , Masuzawa Toru , Nakatani Takeshi , Sase Kazuhiro , Tabayashi Koichi , Takatani Setsuo , Tatsumi Eisuke , Umezu Mitsuo , Tsuchiya Toshie 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTo facilitate research and development (R&D) and to expedite the review processes of medical devices, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) founded a joint committee to establish guidance for newly emerging technology. From 2005 to 2007, two working groups held discussions on ventricular assist devices and total artificial hearts, including out‐of‐hospital programs, based on previous guidance documents and standards. Based on this discussion, the METI published the R&D Guidelines for innovative artificial hearts in 2007, and in 2008 the MHLW published a Notification by Director regarding the evaluation criteria for emerging technology.
Cancer chemotherapy induces cardiotoxicity by targeting cardiac stem cells
Authors: Li Yong‐mei , Guo Yue‐ping , Liu Yan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOverwhelming data indicate that cancer survivors are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases because chemotherapy induces cardiotoxicity. Mechanistic explanation of this phenomenon is necessary to advise the clinical practice on the prevention of cardiotoxicity in cancer patients. Here we propose that chemotherapy induces cardiotoxicity by inadvertently interrupting the homeostasis of cardiac stem cells and depleting the resident cardiac stem cells pool. As a result, the heart loses the capability of regeneration and repair and demonstrates the cardiotoxicity symptoms. Our hypothesis is supported by several lines of emerging evidence: the high incidence of cardiotoxicity in paediatric cancer patients who still have more cardiac stem cells in the myocardium; the rescue of anthracycline cardiomyopathy by injection of cardiac stem cells; and the adverse cardiotoxicity induced by inhibitors of oncogenic kinases or pathways which target cardiac stem cells besides cancer cells. This may promote our growing appreciation that cardiac stem cells represent new targets of chemotherapy that contribute to cardiotoxicity and open up novel strategies for the preservation or expansion of the cardiac stem cells pool to overcome cardiotoxicity associated with chemotherapy.
Telocytes accompanying cardiomyocyte in primary culture: two‐ and three‐dimensional culture environment
Authors: Zhou Jin , Zhang Ye , Wen Xinyu , Cao Junkai , Li Dexue , Lin Qiuxia , Wang Haibin , Liu Zhiqiang , Duan Cuimi , Wu Kuiwu , Wang Changyong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecently, the presence of telocytes was demonstrated in human and mammalian tissues and organs (digestive and extra‐digestive organs, genitourinary organs, heart, placenta, lungs, pleura, striated muscle). Noteworthy, telocytes seem to play a significant role in the normal function and regeneration of myocardium. By cultures of telocytes in two‐ and three‐dimensional environment we aimed to study the typical morphological features as well as functionality of telocytes, which will provide important support to understand their in vivo roles. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated and cultured as seeding cells in vitro in two‐dimensional environment. Furthermore, engineered myocardium tissue was constructed from isolated cells in three‐dimensional collagen/Matrigel scaffolds. The identification of telocytes was performed by using histological and immunohistochemical methods. The results showed that typical telocytes are distributed among cardiomyocytes, connecting them by long telopodes. Telocytes have a typical fusiform cell body with two or three long moniliform telopodes, as main characteristics. The vital methylene blue staining showed the existence of telocytes in primary culture. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that some c‐kit or CD34 immuno‐positive cells in engineered heart tissue had the morphology of telocytes, with a typical fusiform cell body and long moniliform telopodes. Also, a significant number of vimentin+ telocytes were present within engineered heart tissue. We suggest that the model of three‐dimensional engineered heart tissue could be useful for the ongoing research on the functional relationships of telocytes with cardiomyocytes. Because the heart has the necessary potential of changing the muscle and non‐muscle cells during the lifetime, telocytes might play an active role in the heart regeneration process. Moreover, telocytes might be a useful tool for cardiac tissue engineering.
Prevalence of asthma and bronchial hyperreactivity in Danish schoolchildren: no change over 10 years
Authors: Zilmer M , Steen NP , Zachariassen G , Duus T , Kristiansen B , Halken S 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  To describe the point prevalence of current physician‐diagnosed asthma and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) in 2001 among unselected Danish schoolchildren aged 6–17 years, compared with the prevalence from a similar study from 1990 to 1991.Methods:  Cross‐sectional study using parental questionnaire on asthma and respiratory symptoms combined with a 6‐min free running test with peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measurement (n = 1051, response rate 89.3%). Results were compared with those of a similar study in the same area from 1990 to 1991. Main outcome measures were current physician‐diagnosed asthma or BHR in children without physician‐diagnosed asthma measured by either a decrease in lung function after standardized running test and/or variability in PEFR on home monitoring.Results:  The prevalence of current physician‐diagnosed asthma was 4.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7–5.3%] in 1990–1991 and 3.6% (95% CI 2.4–4.8%) in 2001. The prevalence of BHR was 3.2% (95% CI 2.0–4.4%) in 1990–1991 and 2.0% (95% CI 1.1–2.9%) in 2001. The combined prevalence was 7.2% (95% CI 5.4–8.9%) in 1990–1991 and 5.6% (95% CI 4.2–7.1%) in 2001.Conclusion:  The point prevalence of current physician‐diagnosed asthma and BHR among unselected Danish schoolchildren aged 6–17 years was unchanged over 10 years between 1990–1991 and 2001.
Heart rate variability after horse trekking in leading and following horses
Authors: MATSUURA Akihiro , TANAKA Masaya , IRIMAJIRI Mami , YAMAZAKI Atusi , NAKANOWATARI Toshihiko , HODATE Koichi 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTHorse trekking (HT) is having a stroll on a horse along a walking trail in a forest, field, and/or sandy beach. Generally in HT, horses exercise in tandem line outside the riding facilities. Because the leading horse will be confronted with stressors in the forefront, we hypothesized that the leading horse shows higher stress responses than the following one. In order to verify the hypothesis, we compared short‐term stress responses between each position in six horses. Exercise consisted of 15 min of ground riding and 45 min of HT with walking and trotting. Heart rate variability was analyzed for 5 min at 30, 60, and 90 min after the exercising period. There was no significant difference in heart rate during exercise between leading and following positions. The high frequency / low frequency power band of heart rate variability, an index of sympathetic nervous activity, after exercise, tended to be higher in the leading position than following one (P < 0.1). The result in this study can suggest that the leading horse was in a higher stressed state than the following horse after HT.
Food insecurity is associated with attitudes towards exclusive breastfeeding among women in urban Kenya
Authors: Webb‐Girard Aimee , Cherobon Anne , Mbugua Samwel , Kamau‐Mbuthia Elizabeth , Amin Allison , Sellen Daniel W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study aimed to document whether food insecurity was associated with beliefs and attitudes towards exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among urban Kenyan women. We conducted structured interviews with 75 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐affected and 75 HIV‐status unknown, low‐income women who were either pregnant or with a child ≤24 months and residing in Nakuru, Kenya to generate categorical and open‐ended responses on knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards EBF and food insecurity. We facilitated six focus group discussions (FGD) with HIV‐affected and HIV‐status unknown mothers (n = 50 women) to assess barriers and facilitators to EBF. Of 148 women with complete interview data, 77% were moderately or severely food insecure (FIS). Women in FIS households had significantly greater odds of believing that breast milk would be insufficient for 6 months [odds ratio (OR), 2.6; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.0, 6.8], that women who EBF for 6 months would experience health or social problems (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.0, 7.3), that women need adequate food to support EBF for 6 months (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.0, 6.7) and that they themselves would be unable to follow a counsellor's advice to EBF for 6 months (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3, 8.3). Qualitative analysis of interview and FGD transcripts indicated that the maternal experience of hunger contributes to perceived milk insufficiency, anxiety about infant hunger and a perception that access to adequate food is necessary for successful breastfeeding. The lived experience of food insecurity among a sample of low‐income, commonly FIS, urban Kenyan women reduces their capacity to implement at least one key recommended infant feeding practices, that of EBF for 6 months.
A Sensitivity Analysis of Total‐Load Prediction Parameters in Standard Sediment Transport Equations1
Authors: Khorram Saeed , Ergil Mustafa 
Published: September 2010

Khorram, Saeed and Mustafa Ergil, 2010. A Sensitivity Analysis of Total‐Load Prediction Parameters in Standard Sediment Transport Equations. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(6):1091–1115. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00469.xAbstract:  The lack of a well‐defined, strong correlation between sediment transport load and the dominant variable selected for the development of a sediment transport equation is one of the fundamental reasons for discrepancies between computed and measured results under different flow and sediment conditions. Although several scholars have suggested different parameters, they unfortunately could not yet solve the problem. Twenty‐three total‐load equations for noncohesive particles were studied by providing insight into the relative strengths, weaknesses, and limitations. Three hundred parameters were investigated individually by using sensitivity analysis to pinpoint the key physical properties that control the errors. It is found that, the most influential parameter for the total‐load sediment flux equations used in alluvial rivers for the sand particles is the gravitational power due to Shields’ parameter with an energy slope. For the gravel particles, the most influential parameter is the universal stream power due to critical Shields’ parameter with an energy slope. Several graphs are presented to emphasize the effect of these parameters that were either directly used or were embedded within those equations. Recommendations and guides are also presented for the researchers working in this field.