bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of 3 Tesla proton MR spectroscopy, MR perfusion and MR diffusion for distinguishing glioma recurrence from posttreatment effects
Authors: Fink James R. , Carr Robert B. , Matsusue Eiji , Iyer Ramesh S. , Rockhill Jason K. , Haynor David R. , Maravilla Kenneth R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To compare 3 Tesla (3T) multi‐voxel and single‐voxel proton MR spectroscopy (MRS), dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI (DSC), and diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) for distinguishing recurrent glioma from postradiation injury.Materials and Methods:We reviewed all 3T MRS, DSC and DWI studies performed for suspicion of malignant glioma recurrence between October 2006 and December 2008. Maximum Cho/NAA and Cho/Cr peak‐area and peak‐height ratios were recorded for both multi‐voxel and single‐voxel MRS. Maximum cerebral blood volume (CBV) and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were normalized to white matter. Histopathology and clinical‐radiologic follow‐up served as reference standards. Receiver operating characteristic curves for each parameter were compared.Results:Forty lesions were classified as glioma recurrence (n = 30) or posttreatment effect (n = 10). Diagnostic performance was similar for CBV ratio (AUC = 0.917, P < 0.001), multi‐voxel Cho/Cr peak‐area (AUC = 0.913, P = 0.002), and multi‐voxel Cho/NAA peak‐height (AUC = 0.913, P = 0.002), while ADC ratio (AUC = 0.726, P = 0.035) did not appear to perform as well. Single‐voxel MRS parameters did not reliably distinguish tumor recurrence from posttreatment effects.Conclusion:A 3T DSC and multi‐voxel MRS Cho/Cr peak‐area and Cho/NAA peak‐height appear to outperform DWI for distinguishing glioma recurrence from posttreatment effects. Single‐voxel MRS parameters do not appear to distinguish glioma recurrence from posttreatment effects reliably, and therefore should not be used in place of multi‐voxel MRS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:56‐63. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of benzoyl peroxide, as benzoic acid, in wheat flour by capillary electrophoresis compared with HPLC
Authors: Mu Guangfen , Liu Huitao , Gao Yuan , Luan Feng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: In recent years, debate on the addition of benzoyl peroxide (BP) to wheat flour has increased in China. Medical studies have so far not confirmed that BP in wheat flour causes definite damage to the human body, but its main metabolite in the human body is benzoic acid. The addition of BP to wheat flour has been forbidden in China since 1 May 2011. It is therefore necessary to develop a suitable method to determine BP in wheat flour.RESULTS: A simple method using capillary electrophoresis (CE) was developed for determination of BP in wheat flour. BP was determined as benzoic acid after preceding reduction by potassium iodide. Separation was completed in less than 7 min with a running buffer of 10 mmol L−1 sodium borate (pH 9.18), 4 s hydrodynamic injection, 25 kV separation voltage and UV detection at 228 nm. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, detection limit, precision and accuracy. The detection limit was 0.29 µg mL−1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of BP in wheat flour samples, with recoveries between 96.1% and 102.6%.CONCLUSION: The performance of the CE method was comparable, and the quantitative results were in good agreement with those using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Meanwhile the proposed CE method has the advantages of better resolution, shorter analysis time and lower cost, and would be a good alternative to HPLC for routine monitoring of BP amount in wheat flour. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Birch inner bark procyanidins can be resolved with enhanced sensitivity by hydrophilic interaction HPLC‐MS
Authors: Karonen Maarit , Liimatainen Jaana , Sinkkonen Jari 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA complex mixture of procyanidin aglycones was isolated by Sephadex LH‐20 column chromatography from the silver birch inner bark, which is a polyphenol‐rich source of natural antioxidants. Procyanidins were studied by using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography combined with high‐resolution ESI‐TOF‐MS. A good chromatographic separation was achieved and procyanidins eluted according to their increasing degree of polymerization. Individual procyanidins were detected from dimers up to the degree of polymerization of 22 by their negative‐ion mass spectra. The results showed that hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography can be successfully applied for the analysis of high‐molecular‐weight procyanidins with enhanced sensitivity in electrospray mass spectrometry.
Optimal execution strategy in the presence of permanent price impact and fixed transaction cost
Authors: Junca Mauricio 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYWe study a single risky financial asset model subject to price impact and transaction cost over an infinite horizon. An investor needs to execute a long position in the asset, affecting the price of the asset and possibly incurring a fixed transaction cost. The objective is to maximize the discounted revenue obtained by this transaction. This problem is formulated first as an impulse control problem, and the value function is characterized using the viscosity solutions framework. We also analyze the case where there is no transaction cost and how this formulation relates with a singular control problem. A viscosity solution characterization is provided in this case as well. We also establish a connection between both formulations with zero fixed transaction cost. Numerical examples with different types of price impact conclude the discussion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallization of glass fiber‐reinforced poly(p‐phenylene sulfide) nanocomposites
Authors: Liang Ji‐Zhao 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTernary composites of glass fiber‐reinforced poly(p‐phenylene sulfide) (PPS/GF) filled with nanometric calcium carbonate (nano‐CaCO3) were prepared by means of a twin‐screw extruder. The nano‐CaCO3 surface was treated with stearate and treated with titanate, the composites being called SI composite system and SII composite system, respectively. The crystallization and heatproof properties of the PPS/GF/nano‐CaCO3 composites were measured using a differential scanning calorimeter, to investigate the influence of the nanometric filler content on the crystallinity. The results show that the variation of the starting crystallization temperature, crystallization temperature and crystallinity with an increase of the particle weigh fraction (ϕf) of SI composite system is different from that of SII composite system. When ϕf is less than 4 wt%, the crystallinity of the two composite systems increases and then decreases slightly with increasing ϕf. Moreover, the crystallization behavior and mechanisms are discussed. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of the efficacy of glyphosate plus urea phosphate in the greenhouse and the field
Authors: Li Pingliang , He Shun , Tang Tao , Qian Kun , Ni Hanwen , Cao Yongsong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Glyphosate is a non‐selective, foliar‐applied, systemic herbicide that kills weeds by inhibiting the synthesis of 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase. Urea phosphate (UPP), made by the reaction of urea with phosphoric acid, was applied as an adjuvant for glyphosate in this study. Experiments in the greenhouse and the field were conducted to determine the effects of UPP by comparing the efficacies of glyphosate plus UPP, glyphosate plus 1‐aminomethanamide dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate (AMADS) and Roundup.RESULTS: The optimum concentration of UPP in glyphosate solution was 2.0% when UPP was used as an adjuvant. The ED50 values for glyphosate‐UPP were 291.7 and 462.4 g AI ha−1 in the greenhouse and the field respectively, while the values for Roundup were 448.2 and 519.6 g AI ha−1. The ED50 values at 2 weeks after treatment (WAT) and 3 WAT were lowered when UPP was used as an adjuvant in the greenhouse and field study, and the glyphosate + UPP was absorbed over a 2 week period. UPP may increase the efficacy by causing severe cuticle disruption or accelerating the initial herbicide absorption. The result also showed that UPP could reduce the binding behaviour of Ca2+ to glyphosate.CONCLUSION: The application of UPP as an adjuvant could increase the efficacy of glyphosate and make it possible to achieve effective control of weeds with glyphosate at lower dose. Moreover, UPP showed less causticity to spraying tools and presented less of a health hazard. Therefore, UPP is accepted as being a new, effective and environmentally benign adjuvant for glyphosate. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamical X‐ray diffractometry of the defect structure of garnet crystals
Authors: Pylypiv V. M. , Vladimirova T. P. , Fodchuk I. M. , Ostafiychuk B. K. , Kyslovskyy Ye. M. , Molodkin V. B. , Olikhovskii S. I. , Reshetnyk O. V. , Skakunova O. S. , Lizunov V. V. , Garpul' O. Z. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe generalized statistical dynamical theory of X‐ray diffraction by imperfect single crystals is applied for the structural characterization of real single crystals with complex basis, namely, gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) crystal Gd3Ga5O12. The developed theoretical approach takes into account the presence of various structural defects as well as provides the self‐consistent description of coherent and diffuse components of diffraction profiles from such crystals.The characteristics of microdefects in the investigated GGG single crystal have been determined by analyzing the rocking curves measured for 444 and 888 reflections of CuKα1 radiation.
High‐order sliding mode control design based on adaptive terminal sliding mode
Authors: Tang W.Q. , Cai Y.L. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYHigh‐order sliding mode control techniques are proposed for uncertain nonlinear SISO systems with bounded uncertainties based on two different terminal sliding mode approaches. The tracking error of the output converges to zero in finite time by designing a terminal sliding mode controller. In addition, the adaptive control method is employed to identify bounded uncertainties for eliminating the requirement of boundaries needed in the conventional design. The controllers are derived using Lyapunov theory, so the stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed. In the first technique, the developed procedure removes the reaching phase of sliding mode and realizes global robustness. The proposed algorithms ensure establishment of high‐order sliding mode. An illustrative example of a car control demonstrates effectiveness of the presented designs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LANDSCAPE‐LEVEL MODEL TO PREDICT SPAWNING HABITAT FOR LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER FALL CHINOOK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS TSHAWYTSCHA)
Authors: Shallin Busch D. , Sheer Mindi , Burnett Kelly , McElhany Paul , Cooney Tom 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTWe developed an intrinsic potential (IP) model to estimate the potential of streams to provide habitat for spawning fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Lower Columbia River evolutionarily significant unit. This evolutionarily significant unit is a threatened species, and both fish abundance and distribution are reduced from historical levels. The IP model focuses on geomorphic conditions that lead to the development of a habitat that fish use and includes three geomorphic channel parameters: confinement, width and gradient. We found that the amount of potential habitat for each population does not correlate with current, depressed, total population abundance. However, reaches currently used by spawners have high IP, and IP model results correlate well with results from the complex Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment model. A disproportionately large amount of habitat with the best potential is currently inaccessible to fish because of anthropogenic barriers. Sensitivity analyses indicate that uncertainty in the relationship between channel width and habitat suitability has the largest influence on model results and that model form influences model results more for some populations than for others. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limitations of current definitions of miscarriage using mean gestational sac diameter and crown–rump length measurements: a multicenter observational study
Authors: Abdallah Y. , Daemen A. , Kirk E. , Pexsters A. , Naji O. , Stalder C. , Gould D. , Ahmed S. , Guha S. , Syed S. , Bottomley C. , Timmerman D. , Bourne T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectivesThere is significant variation in cut‐off values for mean gestational sac diameter (MSD) and embryo crown–rump length (CRL) used to define miscarriage, values suggested in the literature ranging from 13 to 25 mm for MSD and from 3 to 8 mm for CRL. We aimed to define the false‐positive rate (FPR) for the diagnosis of miscarriage associated with different CRL and MSD measurements with or without a yolk sac in a large study population of patients attending early pregnancy clinics. We also aimed to define cut‐off values for CRL and MSD that, on the basis of a single measurement, can definitively diagnose a miscarriage and so exclude possible inadvertent termination of pregnancy.MethodsThis was an observational cross‐sectional study. Data were collected prospectively according to a predefined protocol. Intrauterine pregnancy of uncertain viability (IPUV) was defined as an empty gestational sac or sac with a yolk sac but no embryo seen with MSD < 20 or < 30 mm or an embryo with an absent heartbeat and CRL < 6 mm or < 8 mm. We recruited to the study 1060 consecutive women with IPUV. The endpoint was presence or absence of a viable pregnancy at the time of first‐trimester screening ultrasonography between 11 and 14 weeks. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for potential cut‐off values to define miscarriage from MSD 8 to 30 mm with or without a yolk sac and from CRL 3 to 8 mm.ResultsOf the 1060 women with a diagnosis of IPUV, 473 remained viable and 587 were non‐viable by the time of the 11–14‐week scan. In the absence of both embryo and yolk sac, the FPR for miscarriage was 4.4% when an MSD cut‐off of 16 mm was used and 0.5% for a cut‐off of 20 mm. There were no false‐positive test results for miscarriage when a cut‐off of MSD ≥ 21 mm was used. If a yolk sac was present but an embryo was not, the FPR for miscarriage was 2.6% for an MSD cut‐off of 16 mm and 0.4% for a cut‐off of 20 mm, with no false‐positive results when a cut‐off of MSD ≥ 21 mm was used. When an embryo was visible with an absent heartbeat, using a CRL cut‐off of 4 mm the FPR for miscarriage was 8.3%, and for a CRL cut‐off of 5 mm it was also 8.3%. There were no false‐positive results using a CRL cut‐off of ≥ 5.3 mm.ConclusionsThese data show that some current definitions used to diagnose miscarriage are potentially unsafe. Current national guidelines should be reviewed to avoid inadvertent termination of wanted pregnancies. An MSD cut‐off of > 25 mm and a CRL cut‐off of > 7 mm could be introduced to minimize the risk of a false‐positive diagnosis of miscarriage. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unfolded protein response is not activated in the mucopolysaccharidoses but protein disulfide isomerase 5 is deregulated
Authors: Villani Guglielmo R. D. , Chierchia Armando , Di Napoli Daniele , Di Natale Paola 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) caused by defects in lysosomal enzymes involved in the catabolism of glycosaminoglycans. The pathogenesis of these disorders is still not completely known, although inflammation and oxidative stress appear to be common mechanisms, as in all LSDs. Recently, it was hypothesized that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress followed by an unfolded protein response (UPR) could be another common pathogenetic mechanism in LSDs. The aim of the present study was to verify if the UPR was elicited in the mucopolysaccharidoses and if the mechanism was MPS type‐ and mutation‐dependent. To this end, we analyzed the UPR in vitro, in fibroblasts from patients with different types of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS I, II, IIIA, IIIB, IVA) and in vivo, in the murine MPS IIIB model. In both cases we found no changes in mRNA levels of several UPR‐related genes, such as the spliced or unspliced form of Xbp‐1, Bip, Chop, Edem1, Edem2, Edem3. Therefore, we report here that the unfolded protein response of the ER is not triggered either in vitro or in vivo; accordingly, cytotoxicity assays indicated that affected fibroblasts are no more sensitive to apoptosis induction than normal cells. However, our results show that in most of the analyzed MPS fibroblasts the expression of a poorly known protein belonging to the family of the protein disulfide isomerases, namely Pdia5, is upregulated; here we discuss if its upregulation could be an early event of ER stress possibly related to the severity of the damage induced in the mutant proteins.
A scenario for finite-time singularity in the quasigeostrophic model
Authors: Scott Richard K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA possible route to finite-time singularity in the quasigeostrophic system, via a cascade of filament instabilities of geometrically decreasing spatial and temporal scales, is investigated numerically using a high-resolution hybrid contour dynamical algorithm. A number of initial temperature distributions are considered, of varying degrees of continuity. In all cases, primary, secondary, and tertiary instabilities are apparent before the algorithm loses accuracy due to limitations of finite resolution. Filament instability is also shown to be potentially important in the closing saddle scenario investigated in many previous studies. The results do not provide a rigorous demonstration of finite-time singularity, but suggest avenues for further investigation.
The whey fermentation product malleable protein matrix decreases TAG concentrations in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Gouni-Berthold Ioanna , Schulte Dominik M. , Krone Wilhelm , Lapointe Jean-François , Lemieux Pierre , Predel Hans-Georg , Berthold Heiner K. 
Published: October 2011

Animal and human studies suggest that a malleable protein matrix (MPM) from whey decreases plasma lipid concentrations and may positively influence other components of the metabolic syndrome such as glucose metabolism and blood pressure (BP). The primary objective of this double-blind, multi-centre trial was to investigate the effects of a low-fat yoghurt supplemented with whey MPM on fasting TAG concentrations in patients with the metabolic syndrome. A total of 197 patients were randomised to receive MPM or a matching placebo yoghurt identical in protein content (15 g/d). Patients were treated during 3 months with two daily servings of 150 g yoghurt each to compare changes from baseline in efficacy variables. MPM treatment resulted in a significantly larger reduction of TAG concentrations in comparison to placebo (relative change − 16 %, P = 0·004). The difference was even more pronounced in subjects with elevated fasting TAG ( ≥ 200 mg/dl) at baseline ( − 18 %, P = 0·005). The relative treatment difference in fasting plasma glucose was − 7·1 mg/dl (P = 0·089). This effect was also more pronounced in subjects with impaired fasting glucose at baseline ( − 11 mg/dl, P = 0·03). In patients with hypertension, the relative treatment difference in systolic BP reached − 5·9 mmHg (P = 0·054). The relative treatment difference in body weight was − 1·7 kg (P = 0·015). The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal in nature. Conclusions from the present study are that consumption of a low-fat yoghurt supplemented with whey MPM twice a day over 3 months significantly reduces fasting TAG concentrations in patients with the metabolic syndrome and improves multiple other cardiovascular risk factors.
Histidine and arginine are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in obese women
Authors: Niu Yu-Cun , Feng Ren-Nan , Hou Yan , Li Kang , Kang Zhen , Wang Jian , Sun Chang-Hao , Li Ying 
Published: October 2011

The aims of the present study were to examine the serum amino acid profiles in obese and non-obese women and investigate the relationships between the serum amino acids and inflammation and oxidative stress in a human case–control study. Serum amino acids, inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein and IL-6) and oxidative biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase) were measured and compared in 235 obese women and 217 non-obese controls. The relationships between serum amino acids and inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers were examined using multiple linear regression. Among the amino acids determined, serum histidine, arginine, threonine, glycine, lysine and serine were found to be significantly lower in obese women as compared to non-obese controls (P < 0·001). The difference was the greatest for histidine (P < 0·001). In obese women, both histidine and arginine were negatively associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. In non-obese controls, histidine was negatively associated with oxidative stress. The findings in this study indicate that the metabolism of amino acids is abnormal in obese women in whom histidine and arginine have close relationships with inflammation and oxidative stress.
Parental magma composition of the syntectonic Dawros Peridotite chromitites, NW Connemara, Ireland
Authors: HUNT E. , O'DRISCOLL B. , DALY J. S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractChromium-spinels have been widely used as petrogenetic indicators to infer parent melt compositions and the tectonic setting of their formation. This study integrates petrographic, quantitative textural and geochemical analyses of Cr-spinel seams within the Dawros Peridotite, NW Connemara, Ireland to determine the composition of their parental magmas. Calculation of Cr no. (Cr/(Cr + Al)) (0.50–0.77) values and TiO2 (0.18–0.36 wt%) contents of the Cr-spinel seams, coupled with an estimation of the Al2O3 and TiO2 contents (~11.86 wt% and ~0.39 wt%, respectively) of their parental melts, indicates that they probably formed from boninitic melts sourced from a highly depleted mantle. This implies that the Cr-spinel seams formed in a supra-subduction zone undergoing high degrees of partial melting. The Cr-spinel data support tectonic models for the formation of the Dawros Peridotite (and Connemara Metagabbro-Gneiss Complex) during island arc collision, immediately prior to Grampian orogenesis at ~470 Ma. The occurrence of the Dawros chromitite seams at the approximate transition between the lower harzburgite sequence and the upper lherzolite sequence bears marked similarities to the positions of such seams in larger anorogenic layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions, and implies that the Dawros Peridotite behaved as an open-system magma chamber.