bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the patient re-identification risk from using de-identified clinical free text data for health research?
Authors: Ford Elizabeth , Pillinger Simon , Stewart Robert , Jones Kerina , Roberts Angus , Casey Arlene , Goddard Katie , Nenadic Goran 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Important clinical information is recorded in free text in patients’ records, notes, letters and reports in healthcare settings. This information is currently under-used for health research and innovation. Free text requires more processing for analysis than structured data, but processing natural language at scale has recently advanced, using large language models. However, data controllers are often concerned about patient privacy risks if clinical text is allowed to be used in research. Text can be de-identified, yet it is challenging to quantify the residual risk of patient re-identification. This paper presents a comprehensive review and discussion of elements for consideration when evaluating the risk of patient re-identification from free text. We consider (1) the reasons researchers want access to free text; (2) the accuracy of automated de-identification processes, identifying best practice; (3) methods previously used for re-identifying health data and their success; (4) additional protections put in place around health data, particularly focussing on the UK where “Five Safes” secure data environments are used; (5) risks of harm to patients from potential re-identification and (6) public views on free text being used for research. We present a model to conceptualise and evaluate risk of re-identification, accompanied by case studies of successful governance of free text for research in the UK. When de-identified and stored in secure data environments, the risk of patient re-identification from clinical free text is very low. More health research should be enabled by routinely storing and giving access to de-identified clinical text data.
Citizenship as Legal Infrastructure
Authors: Prener Christian Brown , Gammeltoft-Hansen Thomas 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWhenever a person intends to cross a border, citizenship de facto determines—more than any other status—whether that person can enter the territory of another state. Yet, despite its ubiquity and centrality within global mobility infrastructures, the exact mechanisms through which citizenship shapes human movement on the planetary scale remain surprisingly ambiguous. This Article examines the multifaceted ways in which citizenship operates as an organizing principle within the complex of rules and norms governing transnational human mobility, including how the increasing acceptance of dual nationality status and the emergence of citizenship-by-investment schemes reverberate throughout the legal infrastructure and create new pathways for elite mobility. Using citizenship as an exploratory lens, the Article thereby seeks to theoretically complement and nuance existing scholarship in migration and mobility studies, arguing that physical space remains the dominant structure for human mobility. As we show, legal infrastructures reconfigure access to human mobility in ways that simultaneously fragment and compress physical space as it pertains to transnational movement.
“Is Humanism Molesting Your Child?” Lottie Beth Hobbs, the Death of the ERA, and the Birth of the Religious Right
Authors: Anthony Paul A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article tells the story of Lottie Beth Hobbs, one of the most important figures of the anti-ERA movement – and therefore a founding mother of the Religious Right. Although opposition of fundamentalist women to the ERA increasingly has been recognized in the founding of the Religious Right, Hobbs’s role remains underexplored. Relying on a moral and political framework indebted to her lifelong commitment to the Churches of Christ, Hobbs spearheaded a rhetorical and ideological shift that first united disparate conservative causes under a “pro-family” banner, then focused their attention on the threat of a tentacular secular humanism. By focusing on Hobbs’s career, this article bridges two scholarly foci on modern American conservatism, one highlighting anti-ERA organizing in the 1970s and the other focused on “family values” activism during the Reagan administration.
Extropy-based dynamic cumulative residual inaccuracy measure: properties and applications
Authors: Hashempour M , Mohammadi M , Jahanshahi S M A , Khammar A H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The cumulative residual extropy has been proposed recently as an alternative measure of extropy to the cumulative distribution function of a random variable. In this paper, the concept of cumulative residual extropy has been extended to cumulative residual extropy inaccuracy (CREI) and dynamic cumulative residual extropy inaccuracy (DCREI). Some lower and upper bounds for these measures are provided. A characterization problem for the DCREI measure under the proportional hazard rate model is studied. Nonparametric estimators for CREI and DCREI measures based on kernel and empirical methods are suggested. Also, a simulation study is presented to evaluate the performance of the suggested measures. Simulation results show that the kernel-based estimator performs better than the empirical-based estimator. Finally, applications of the DCREI measure for model selection are provided using two real data sets.
From Chronogenetics to Phenogenesis
Authors: Gedda Luigi 
Published: February 2025

Allow me to start by observing that, in the word “reproduction”, the initial syllable, Re, has a remarkable importance, at least to the geneticist. In fact, when we say “reproduction”, we do not merely mean that a living being is produced, but we also mean that the production of such a living being implies the repetition of a model that is present in the species, in the population, in the family.Moreover, the model that is reproduced is not only that of an embryo, of a fetus, of a neonate, but is also that of a child, of an adolescent, of an adult, of an old man.Reproduction is therefore the repetition of a model that is not limited to the amphimixis, to gestation or birth, but that dominates throughout the entire cycle of life with a continuous variability, that is, through a dynamic and individualized phenogenesis. Such an extension of the concept of reproduction from the stage of conception to the standards of the successive ages, requires that a view based on immediate times be substituted with a view based on long times. This means, in other words, that a new parameter should be explicitly considered as part of the zygote's blueprint: the chronologic parameter.
Some Genetic Problems in Physical Growth and Development — A Longitudinal Study on Children Aged 0-7 Years
Authors: Chrzastek-Spruch Hanna M. 
Published: February 2025

Aiming at determining the influence of some genetic factors on growth and development, a longitudinal study of 180 children (90 M and 90 F) from the city of Lublin was carried out, with periodical medical examinations and anthropometric measurements from birth to 7 years of age. The parents of each child were also examined.The correlation coefficients between parents and children show that, as regards height, the greatest similarity occurs between mothers and daughters, and a lesser one between fathers and sons. As regards weight, sons are more similar to fathers than daughters to mothers.The relationship between the growth and development of children and the mating type of parents, parental age, and birth order, was also investigated. In negative assortative mating, the children are taller than the children of middle-height parents from positive assortative mating couples. Children (especially daughters) of tall mothers and short fathers grow taller than children of tall fathers and short mothers.Finally, the dependence of growth on parental age and birth order was analysed and the conclusions reached were quite interesting.
Compound Minor Floods and the Role of Discharge in the Delaware River Estuary
Authors: McKeon Kelly , Piecuch Christopher G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCompound floods are often thought of as large, infrequent floods during which extremes of coastal sea level and/or river flow combine with each other or additional factors (e.g., tides and rainfall) to induce major flooding. However, little is known about the potentially compound nature of more frequent, lower‐level floods. Here, we introduce the term “compound minor floods” to define minor floods composed of two or more water‐level sources. We use the Delaware River Estuary as a case study to investigate the prevalence and composition of these minor compound floods along the extent of a tidal river. We apply multiple linear regression to a 22‐year time series of coastal water levels and river discharge to establish the contributions of tides, nontidal open‐ocean effects, and river discharge to minor flood events at eight locations along the tidal Delaware River. We find that most minor flood events are compound in nature, requiring at least two components (e.g., tides and river discharge) to initiate flooding. We identify spatial structure in the relative importance of oceanographic and riverine contributions to minor flooding along the tidal reach of the estuary. These results suggest that incorporating fluvial components into minor flooding assessments is important to fully characterize flood risk along tidal rivers and estuaries.
Improved Understanding of Multicentury Greenland Ice Sheet Response to Strong Warming in the Coupled CESM2‐CISM2 With Regional Grid Refinement
Authors: Yin Ziqi , Herrington Adam R. , Datta Rajashree Tri , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Gettelman Andrew 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe simulation of ice sheet‐climate interactions, such as surface mass balance fluxes, is sensitive to model grid resolution. Here we simulate the multi‐century evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) and its interaction with the climate using the Community Earth System Model version 2.2 (CESM2.2) including an interactive GrIS component (the Community Ice Sheet Model v2.1 [CISM2.1]) under an idealized warming scenario (atmospheric increases by 1% until quadrupling the pre‐industrial level and then is held fixed). A variable‐resolution (VR) grid with 1/ regional refinement over the broader Arctic and resolution elsewhere is applied to the atmosphere and land components, and the results are compared with conventional lat‐lon grid simulations to investigate the impact of grid refinement. Compared with the runs, the VR run features a slower rate of surface melt, especially over the western and northern GrIS, where the ice surface slopes gently toward the periphery. This difference pattern originates primarily from higher snow albedo and, thus, weaker albedo feedback in the VR run. The VR grid better captures the CISM ice sheet topography by reducing elevation discrepancies between CAM and CISM and is, therefore, less reliant on the downscaling algorithm, which is known to underestimate albedo gradients. The sea level rise contribution from the GrIS in the VR run is 53 mm by year 150 and 831 mm by year 350, approximately 40% and 20% less than that of the runs, respectively.
Accurately adjusted phenothiazine conformations: reversible conformation transformation at room temperature and self-recoverable stimuli-responsive phosphorescence
Authors: Gao Yuan , Yuan Wentao , Li Yuexin , Huang Arui , Fang Yuanyuan , Li Aisen , Wang Kai , Zou Bo , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Conformational flexibility is essential to the stimuli-responsive property of organic materials, but achieving the reversible molecular transformation is still challenging in functional materials for the high energy barriers and restriction by intermolecular interactions. Herein, through the incorporation of various steric hindrances into phenothiazine derivatives with different positions and quantities to tune the molecular conformations by adjustable repulsive forces, the folded angles gradually changed from 180° to 90° in 17 compounds. When the angle located at 112° with moderated steric effect, dynamic and reversible transformation of conformations under mechanical force has been achieved for the low energy barriers and mutually regulated molecular motions, resulting in both self-recoverable and stimuli-responsive phosphorescence properties for the first time. It opened up a new way to realize the self-recovery property of organic materials, which can facilitate the multi-functional property of smart materials with the opened avenue for other fields with inspiration.
Sleep and mood in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Yang Yunfei , Foster Victoria S. , Marlowe Sophie , Stevenson Sarah R. , Alexander Iona ,   SOMNUS Study Group, Downes Susan , Safa Rukhsana , Wulff Katharina , Alexander Iona , Marlowe Sophie , Andrews Colm , Justice Caroline , Fantato Alexina , Foster Russell , Sheth Hiten , Abrams Judith , Manso Katarina , Bourne Rupert , Turnbull Paula , Moore Anthony , Hykin Phil , Summers Emily , Tahir Muhammed , Nuth Sue , Craig Emma , Churchill Amanda , Hiscott Eleanor , Black Graeme , Kirwan James , David Mini , Votruba Marcela , Menon Geeta , Pathinayake Ganga , Mistersky Nora , Foster Russell G. , Downes Susan M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the impact of central serous chorioretinopathy on sleep and mood in patients with acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods
This cross-sectional study compared sleep and mood differences between central serous chorioretinopathy and control patients recruited from Ophthalmology clinics at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford between 2012 and 2020. Data including visual acuity, type of central serous chorioretinopathy (acute or chronic; aCSC/cCSC), sex, and chronotype were obtained. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to evaluate anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D).

Results
A total of 247 age matched controls and 109 patients with central serous chorioretinopathy participated. There were no significant differences in PSQI or HADs (P > 0.05) between the two groups. Females exhibited significantly higher PSQI scores than males both for control and central serous chorioretinopathy groups (P < 0.05). Within the central serous chorioretinopathy group, 88 (81%) had chronic central serous chorioretinopathy and 21 (19%) had acute central serous chorioretinopathy, and an increase in daytime dysfunction was seen in the acute phenotype compared to chronic (P = 0.018).

Conclusion
In our study, no significant differences in sleep quality or mood scores were identified in central serous chorioretinopathy patients, when compared to controls. Worsened sleep for females was present when compared to males, both in central serous chorioretinopathy and control groups. Within central serous chorioretinopathy groups, worsened daytime function was observed in acute versus chronic – a larger study would help distinguish the effect of chronicity on sleep.
Broadly neutralizing antibodies isolated from HEV convalescents confer protective effects in human liver-chimeric mice
Authors: Ssebyatika George , Dinkelborg Katja , Ströh Luisa J. , Hinte Florian , Corneillie Laura , Hueffner Lucas , Guzman Elina M. , Nankya Prossie L. , Plückebaum Nina , Fehlau Lukas , Garn Jonathan , Meyer Nele , Prallet Sarah , Mehnert Ann-Kathrin , Kraft Anke R. M. , Verhoye Lieven , Jacobsen Carina , Steinmann Eike , Wedemeyer Heiner , Viejo-Borbolla Abel , Dao Thi Viet Loan , Pietschmann Thomas , Lütgehetmann Marc , Meuleman Philip , Dandri Maura , Krey Thomas , Behrendt Patrick 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes 3.3 million symptomatic cases and 44,000 deaths per year. Chronic infections can arise in immunocompromised individuals, and pregnant women may suffer from fulminant disease as a consequence of HEV infection. Despite these important implications for public health, no specific antiviral treatment has been approved to date. Here, we report combined functional, biochemical, and X-ray crystallographic studies that characterize the human antibody response in convalescent HEV patients. We identified a class of potent and broadly neutralizing human antibodies (bnAbs), targeting a quaternary epitope located at the tip of the HEV capsid protein pORF2 that contains an N-glycosylation motif and is conserved across members of the Hepeviridae. These glycan-sensitive bnAbs specifically recognize the non-glycosylated pORF2 present in infectious particles but not the secreted glycosylated form acting as antibody decoy. Our most potent bnAb protects human liver-chimeric mice from intraperitoneal HEV challenge and co-housing exposure. These results provide insights into the bnAb response to this important emerging pathogen and support the development of glycan-sensitive antibodies to combat HEV infection.
The global distribution patterns of alien vertebrate richness in mountains
Authors: García-Rodríguez Adrián , Lenzner Bernd , Velasco Julián A. , Schertler Anna , Omer Ali , Seebens Hanno , Capinha César , Gallardo Belinda , Dullinger Stefan , Essl Franz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The diverse biotas of the world’s mountains face a challenging future due to increasing threats like climate change, land-use change, and biological invasions, the last being particularly understudied in these regions. Here we compile occurrence records for 717 alien vertebrate species distributed in 2984 mountains worldwide. We analyze their distribution, biogeographic origin, presence in protected areas, and the drivers’ explaining alien vertebrate richness in mountains. We find that the alien vertebrates most frequently recorded are birds (318 species) and mammals (161 species) reported in 2595 and 1518 mountains globally, respectively. The Palearctic, Nearctic, and Australasian realms are the most common recipients; the Nearctic, Indo-Malay, and Afrotropic realms are the most frequent donors. Almost 50% of the alien species studied also occur in protected areas. Proxies of anthropogenic impacts (e.g., higher road density or lower biodiversity intactness) and mountains’ physical characteristics (e.g., elevation range and roughness) explain the distribution of alien vertebrates in mountains. Importantly, the magnitude of invasions in tropical mountains could be underestimated due to sampling bias towards the Northern Hemisphere and Australia. Our large-scale assessment reveals the advance of alien vertebrates in mountains worldwide and urges attention to minimize the impacts of biological invasions on the exceptional mountain biotas.
PBRM1 directs PBAF to pericentromeres and protects centromere integrity
Authors: Lane Karen A. , Harrod Alison , Wu Lillian , Roumeliotis Theodoros I. , Feng Hugang , Foo Shane , Begg Katheryn A. G. , Schiavoni Federica , Amin Noa , Zenke Frank T. , Melcher Alan A. , Choudhary Jyoti S. , Downs Jessica A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The specialised structure of the centromere is critical for effective chromosome segregation, but its repetitive nature makes it vulnerable to rearrangements. Centromere fragility can drive tumorigenesis, but protective mechanisms preventing fragility are still not fully understood. The PBAF chromatin remodelling complex is frequently misregulated in cancer, but its role in cancer is incompletely characterized. Here, we identify PBAF as a protector of centromere and pericentromere structure with profound consequences for genome stability. A conserved feature of isogenic cell lines lacking PBRM1, a subunit of PBAF, is compromised centromere and pericentromere integrity. PBAF is present at these regions, and binding patterns of PBAF and H3K9 methylation change when PBRM1 is absent. PBRM1 loss creates a dependence on the spindle assembly checkpoint, which represents a therapeutic vulnerability. Importantly, we find that even in the absence of any perturbations, PBRM1 loss leads to centromere fragility, thus identifying a key player in centromere protection.
Thermokarst lake drainage halves the temperature sensitivity of CH4 release on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Mu Mei , Mu Cuicui , Liu Hebin , Lei Pengsi , Ge Yongqi , Zhou Zhensong , Peng Xiaoqing , Ma Tian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Thermokarst lakes as hot spots of methane (CH4) release are crucial for predicting permafrost carbon feedback to global warming. These lakes are suffering from serious drainage events, however, the impacts of lake drainage on CH4 release remain unclear. Here, synthesizing field drilling, incubation experiments, and carbon composition and microbial communities, we reveal the temperature sensitivities (Q10) and drivers of CH4 release from drainage-affected lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We find that cumulative CH4 release decreases with depth, where 0–30 cm-depth sediment accounts for 97% of the whole release. The Q10 of surface sediment is 2 to 4 times higher than deep layers, but roughly 56% lower than the non-drainage lakes. The response of CH4 release to warming is mainly driven by microbial communities (49.3%) and substrate availability (30.3%). Our study implies that drainage mitigates CH4 release from thermokarst lakes and sheds light on crucial processes for understanding permafrost carbon projections.
A glycan foldamer that uses carbohydrate–aromatic interactions to perform catalysis
Authors: Liu Kaimeng , Delbianco Martina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In nature, the ability to catalyse reactions is primarily associated with proteins and ribozymes. Inspired by these systems, peptide-based catalysts have been designed to accelerate chemical reactions and/or ensure regio- and stereoselective transformations. We wondered whether other biomolecules (such as glycans) could be designed to perform catalytic functions, expanding the portfolio of synthetic functional oligomers. Here we report a glycan foldamer inspired by the natural Sialyl Lewis X antigen that acts as catalyst in a chemical reaction. This glycan-based catalyst benefits from structural rigidity and modular adaptability, incorporating a substrate-recognition motif alongside a catalytic active site. Leveraging the inherent ability of carbohydrates to engage in CH–π interactions with aromatic substrates, we demonstrate the recruitment and functionalization of a tryptophan via a Pictet–Spengler transformation. Our modular glycan catalyst accelerates the reaction kinetics, enabling the modification of tryptophan-containing peptides in aqueous environments. Our findings pave the way for the development of glycan-based catalysts and suggest the possibility of catalytic capabilities of glycans in biological contexts.