bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthocyanin composition and extractability in berry skin and wine of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Aglianico
Authors: Manfra Michele , Nisco Mauro De , Bolognese Adele , Nuzzo Vitale , Sofo Adriano , Scopa Antonio , Santi Luca , Tenore Gian Carlo , Novellino Ettore 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The present article reports the anthocyanin content in the berry skin and wine of the Italian red grape cultivar Aglianico (clone VCR11 grafted onto 1103 Paulsen), one of the most ancient vines and famous for its deep‐red colour. Anthocyanins were extracted from frozen berry skin in an acidified methanol solution. The extraction mixtures, monitored for 120 h, were analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography.RESULTS: The extraction from berry skin of delphinidin, petunidin and malvidin appeared to be a time‐independent process, whereas the concentration of peonidin increased linearly with time. Peonidin‐O‐acetyl‐glucoside was transferred from skin more slowly than petunidin‐O‐acetyl‐glucoside and malvidin‐O‐acetyl‐glucoside. The anthocyanin composition of the resulting wine showed that the total anthocyanin content was about one‐tenth of the corresponding berry skin content. The ratio acetyl/coumaroyl anthocyanins in the wine was sharply higher than the value in berry skin (0.85 and 0.10, respectively), indicating an enrichment of acetyl derivatives in the wine.CONCLUSION: Levels of single anthocyanins in wine were not always correlated with those detected in grapes, as they were affected by winemaking. The high values of some anthocyanins in Aglianico wine could ameliorate its quality, increasing the chromatic properties, aging stability and product acceptance. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Modulation of post‐hatch growth and immunity through in ovo supplemented nutrients in broiler chickens
Authors: Bakyaraj Sanniyasi , Bhanja Subrat K , Majumdar Samir , Dash Banabihari 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Early post‐hatch growth and immunity were assessed through in ovo supplementation of nutrients: amino acids (AA), trace elements (TE), fatty acids and vitamins (FAV) grouped under humoral immunity (HI) or cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) on the 18th day of incubation at the broad end of the egg using a 25 mm needle.RESULTS: Hatchability in AA groups was better than TE and FAV groups. CMI groups had better hatchability than HI groups. AA and TE groups had higher chick‐to‐egg weight ratio (P < 0.01) than the FAV group. At 3 weeks of age, a higher body weight (P < 0.01) was recorded in AA for CMI, TE for HI and FAV for HI groups. FAV‐injected chicks had a higher bursa weight at hatch, but TE chicks had higher thymus weight at the 3rd week of age. Humoral immune response was not different in in ovo injected chicks compared to control. CMI was higher (P < 0.01) in AA for CMI, TE for CMI and FAV for CMI or HI nutrient‐injected chicks.CONCLUSIONS: In ovo injection of AA for CMI and TE for HI may accelerate growth of broiler chickens. In ovo injection of AA, TE or FAV may modulate CMI in chicks. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Performance evaluation of a rapid‐scanning quadrupole mass spectrometer in the comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography analysis of pesticides in water
Authors: Purcaro Giorgia , Quinto Tranchida Peter , Conte Lanfranco , Obiedzińska Agnieszka , Dugo Paola , Dugo Giovanni , Mondello Luigi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe performance of a novel rapid‐scanning (20 000 amu/s) quadrupole mass spectrometer (qMS) has been evaluated in the comprehensive 2‐D gas chromatography (GC×GC) analysis of pesticides contained in water. Analyte extraction was performed by using direct solid‐phase microextraction (SPME). The MS system was operated using a rather wide m/z 50–450 mass range and a 33 Hz spectral production rate, a frequency which was found sufficient for reliable quantification. The qMS performance was evaluated considering: (i) number of data points per peak, (ii) mass spectral quality, (iii) extent of peak skewing, and (iv) consistency of retention times. Seven‐point calibration curves (external calibration) were constructed for 28 pesticides over the limit of quantification range of 100 μg/L (1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/L). The solid‐phase microextraction‐GC×GC‐qMS method was validated by calculating limits of detection and quantification, intraday peak area precision, accuracy, and intraday retention‐time precision. A series of tap water samples were subjected to analysis, fortunately giving negative results.
Self‐assembled highly ordered ethane‐bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica and its application in HPLC
Authors: Huang Lili , Lu Juan , Di Bin , Feng Fang , Su Mengxiang , Yan Fang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMonodisperse spherical periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) with ethane integrated in the framework were synthesized and their application as stationary phase for chromatographic separation is demonstrated. The ethane‐PMOs were prepared by condensation of 1,2‐bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTSE) in basic condition using octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (C18TMACl) as template and ethanol as co‐solvent. The morphology and mesoporous structure of ethane‐PMOs were controlled under different concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and EtOH. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen sorption measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and elemental analysis showed that ethane‐PMOs have spherical morphology, uniform particle distribution, highly ordered pore structure, high surface area and narrow pore‐size distribution. The column packed with these materials exhibits good permeability, high chemical stability and good selectivity of mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons in normal phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection as an alternative detection mode in CE for the analysis of kanamycin sulphate and its related substances
Authors: El‐Attug Mohamed N. , Adams Erwin , Hoogmartens Jos , Van Schepdael Ann 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA method was developed to determine simultaneously kanamycin, its related substances and sulphate in kanamycin sulphate using capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that lacks a strong UV‐absorbing chromophore. Due to its physicochemical properties, CE in combination with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection was chosen. The separation method uses a BGE composed of 40 mM 2‐(N‐morpholino)ethanesulphonic acid monohydrate and 40 mM L‐histidine, pH 6.35. A 0.6 mM N‐cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) solution was added as electroosmotic flow modifier in a concentration below the critical micellar concentration (CMC). Ammonium acetate 50 mg/L was used as internal standard. In total, 30 kV was applied in reverse polarity on a fused‐silica capillary (65/41 cm; 75 μm id). The optimized separation was obtained in less than 6 min with good linearity (R2=0.9999) for kanamycin. It shows a good precision expressed as RSD on the relative peak areas equal to 0.3 and 1.1% for intra‐day and inter‐day precision, respectively. The LOD and LOQ are 0.7 and 2.3 mg/L, respectively. Similarly, for sulphate, a good linearity (R2=0.9996) and precision (RSD 0.4 and 0.6% for intra‐day and inter‐day, respectively) were obtained.
Simultaneous quantification of three iridoids in rat plasma after oral administration of Zhi‐zi‐chi decoction using LC‐MS
Authors: Long Zhi‐Min , Bi Kai‐Shun , Huo Yan‐Shuang , Yan Xiao‐Yu , Zhao Xu , Chen Xiao‐Hui 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA sensitive and efficient liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of geniposide, 6α‐hydroxygeniposide, and genipin gentiobioside in rat plasma. After the addition of internal standard (I.S.) salidroside and acidification (formic acid, 0.1%), plasma samples were carried out by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and separated on a Kromasil C18 column (200 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) within a runtime of 15.0 min. The linear ranges were 2–250 ng/mL for both 6α‐hydroxygeniposide and genipin gentiobioside and 2–2000 ng/mL for geniposide, respectively. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 2 ng/mL for all the analytes. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics study of geniposide, 6α‐hydroxygeniposide, and genipin gentiobioside in rats after oral administration of Zhi‐zi‐chi decoction.
Simultaneous determination of three naturally occurring estrogens in environmental waters by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Wang Chengjun , Xu Chunmei , Chen Fan , Tang Xuejiao 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA simple, sensitive and accurate reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of three naturally occurring estrogenic steroids including estrone (E1), 17β‐estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) in environmental water samples was developed. Analytes were extracted with ethyl acetate solvents and preconcentrated prior to HPLC analysis. Separations were accomplished in <20 min using a reversed‐phase C18 column (4.6×250 mm id, 5 μm) with a gradient elution of mobile phase containing 3.0 mM ammonium acetate/acetonitrile mixtures (flow rate, 1.0 mL/min). UV light absorption responses at 205 nm were linear over a wide concentration range from 100 000 μg/L to the detection limits of 0.96 μg/L E1, 0.64 μg/L E2 and 0.78 μg/L E3. Quantitation was carried out by the peak area method. The relative standard deviation for the analysis of three estrogens was <3.0%. This method was applied for the simultaneous determination of estrogens in environmental water samples collected in Zhejiang, China. The higher concentrations of both E2 and E3 were found in Tang River and West Lake waters, and E1 was detected in lake water only. All three estrogens were below the detection limits in rain waters.
A model for integrating wildlife science and agri‐environmental policy in the conservation of declining species
Authors: Perlut Noah G. , Strong Allan M. , Alexander Toby J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe examined a case study where a successful wildlife‐friendly model for intensively managed hayland was developed from field data and implemented locally as policy by a federal agency. Farmers were ensured a first hay‐harvest with high protein content; after a 65‐day delay (compared to the normal 35–40‐day cutting cycle) farmers took a second harvest of greater quantity but decreased quality. Farmers were paid $247–333/ha in 2008–2010 to offset costs associated with the decreased nutritional content caused by the approximately 25‐day second harvest delay. Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) reproductive rates improved from 0.0 to 2.8 fledglings per female per year. Creation and implementation of this policy required communication among scientists, federal agricultural agencies, farmers, and state and federal fish and wildlife departments. Data collection, analyses, and communication processes served as an effective global model for practitioners to apply to other agricultural products and taxa. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Polyalkylenehydroxybenzoates (PAHBs): Biorenewable Aromatic/Aliphatic Polyesters from Lignin
Authors: Mialon Laurent , Vanderhenst Rob , Pemba Alexander G. , Miller Stephen A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPolyalkylenehydroxybenzoates (PAHBs) are a new class of thermoplastic, biorenewable aromatic/aliphatic polyester having the general formula H‐[O‐(CH2)n‐O‐4‐(3‐X, 5‐Y‐C6H2)‐CO]z‐OH. These are synthesized from the lignin‐derived aromatics 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (X = Y = H), vanillic acid (X = OMe; Y = H), and syringic acid (X = Y = OMe). Alkylation of these with several chloroalkanols affords hydroxy‐acid monomers suitable for polyesterification under dynamic vacuum between 150 and 250 °C with 1 mol% Sb2O3 as catalyst. Thus, polyalkylene 4‐hydroxybenzoates, polyalkylene vanillates, and polyalkylene syringates are prepared, characterized, and subjected to thermal property comparisons by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis.magnified image
Kumada Catalyst‐Transfer Polycondensation: Mechanism, Opportunities, and Challenges
Authors: Kiriy Anton , Senkovskyy Volodymyr , Sommer Michael 
Published: July 2011

AbstractKumada catalyst‐transfer polycondensation (KCTP) is a new but rapidly developing method with great potential for the preparation of well‐defined conjugated polymers (CPs). The recently discovered chain‐growth mechanism is unique among the various transition metal‐catalyzed polycondensations, and has thus attracted much attention among researchers. Most progress is found in the areas of mechanism and external initiation via new initiators, but also the number of monomers other than thiophene that can be polymerized is steadily increasing. Accordingly, the variety of CP chain architectures is increasing as well, and a considerable contribution of KCTP toward more efficient materials can be expected in the future. This review critically focuses on very recent progress in the synthesis of CPs and the mechanism of KCTP, and is finally aimed at providing a comprehensive picture of this exciting polymerization method.magnified image
End‐to‐End Distances in Four‐Junction Polymers
Authors: Kosmas Marios , Forzaglia Thomas , Bishop Marvin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe various end‐to‐end distances of four‐junction polymers are investigated. The sizes of the different kinds of equal length branches and the backbone of two different polymers, with either nine or eleven branches, are estimated by means of both renormalization‐group and MC calculations. The comparisons of first‐order ε = 4 − d predictions with the MC results are satisfactory. The same trends are present in both techniques. The excluded‐volume interactions from additional branches further expand the various parts of the chains so that internal branches are larger than external ones. The branch ratios in the eleven‐branch case are expanded even more than the corresponding ratios of the nine‐branch polymer.magnified image
Predicting the Limit of Control in the ATRP Process: Results from Kinetic Simulations
Authors: Bergenudd Helena , Jonsson Mats , Malmström Eva 
Published: July 2011

AbstractKinetic simulations are reported, where the ATRP equilibrium constant KATRP is varied and the rates and degree of control in different ATRP systems are evaluated. The apparent rate constant kapp increases with increasing KATRP, but a maximum is reached. The limit of control is passed before the maximum, i.e. when KATRP is increased further, apparent first‐order kinetics and well‐controlled molecular weights will no longer be obtained. The equilibrium constant at which the limit of control is reached varies linearly with the propagation rate constant. This enables the design of well controlled ATRP systems. The influence of the conversion and chain length dependence of the termination rate constant on the simulation results is discussed.magnified image
On the Universality and Contributions of Multiple Criteria Decision Making: A Systems‐Based Approach
Authors: Haimes Yacov Y. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper highlights the omnipresence of the philosophy, theory, methodology and deployment of multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) in essentially every aspect of our lives. It also highlights the specific philosophical, theoretical, methodological, and deployment perspectives that MCDM has influenced, and how MCDM has thus shaped the decision‐making process. The following five themes demonstrate the universality of multiple objectives and their impact on the complex decision‐making process: (i) the centrality of the states of the system in MCDM; (ii) the centrality of trade‐offs in MCDM and the !‐constraint method; (iii) the centrality of the time frame in MCDM; (iv) the centrality of risk and uncertainty in MCDM; and (v) the contributions of MCDM to decision analysis. An epilogue concludes the paper. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of DNA adducts in human samples: Acrolein‐derived exocyclic DNA adducts as an example
Authors: Chen Hauh‐Jyun Candy 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAcrolein is an environmental pollutant that is also derived endogenously through lipid peroxidation and protein degradation. The reaction of acrolein with 2′‐deoxyguanosine produces exocyclic 1,N2‐propano‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (AdG) adducts, mutagenic lesions that play important roles in multistage carcinogenesis processes. Accurate quantification of acrolein‐derived DNA adducts is a critical step toward elucidating the mode of action of acrolein carcinogenicity. Exposure of humans to acrolein can occur through the smoking of tobacco and the dietary consumption of oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids. This review describes the use of 32P‐postlabeling‐ and MS‐based methods for the analyses of acrolein‐derived DNA adducts in humans as well as present trends toward improving the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the quantification of trace amounts of DNA adducts in DNA of limited availability.
Heteromorphic sex chromosomes: Navigating meiosis without a homologous partner
Authors: Checchi Paula M. , Engebrecht JoAnne 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAccurate chromosome segregation during meiosis relies on homology between the maternal and paternal chromosomes. Yet by definition, sex chromosomes of the heterogametic sex lack a homologous partner. Recent studies in a number of systems have shed light on the unique meiotic behavior of heteromorphic sex chromosomes, and highlight both the commonalities and differences in divergent species. During meiotic prophase, the homology‐dependent processes of pairing, synapsis, and recombination have been modified in many different ways to ensure segregation of heteromorphic sex chromosomes at the first meiotic division. Additionally, an almost universal feature of heteromorphic sex chromosomes during meiosis is transcriptional silencing, or meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, an essential process proposed to prevent expression of genes deleterious to meiosis in the heterogametic sex as well as to shield unpaired sex chromosomes from recognition by meiotic checkpoints. Comparative analyses of the meiotic behavior of sex chromosomes in nematodes, mammals, and birds reveal important conserved features as well as provide insight into sex chromosome evolution. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:623–632, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protective effect of sodium ascorbate on efficacy of intramuscular transplantation of autologous muscle‐derived cells
Authors: Bartoszuk‐Bruzzone Urszula , Burdzińska Anna , Orzechowski Arkadiusz , Kłos Zdzisław 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIntroduction:The possible reason for elimination of myogenic cells after transplantation is inflammation at the injection site associated with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine whether preconditioning of muscle‐derived cells with an antioxidant, sodium ascorbate, can influence the fate of transplanted cells.Methods:Autologous transplantation of muscle‐derived cells was performed in rabbits. Isolated cells were identified, lipofected with β‐galactosidase, preincubated or not with sodium ascorbate, and injected intramuscularly.Results:Two weeks after autologous transplantation in the edge of a previous muscle defect, donor cells formed multinucleated young myotubes. Pretreatment of cells with sodium ascorbate before injection resulted in a significant increase of donor cells at the injection site 2 weeks after transfer.Conclusions:These results show that: (1) preincubation with antioxidant can increase the efficacy of myogenic cell transplantation; and (2) oxidative stress may play a role in elimination of cells after autologous transplantation. Muscle Nerve 45:32–38, 2012
An efficient code gateway for RFID seamless applications
Authors: Ma Yi‐Wei , Chen Jiann‐Liang , Kuo Sy‐Yen , Hsieh Wen‐Kuei , Huang Yueh‐Min 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThis work presents novel design schemes for the code gateway between the electronic product code (EPC) and ubiquitous ID (uID) for radio‐frequency identification (RFID) technology solutions. Interfaces of the gateway that are implemented include the system interface, EPC discovery service (DS), uID DS, and the certification card mechanism. Five major operations are also developed, including inquiry of EPC DS, uID DS, code diversion mechanism, PIN‐IC interface, and code conversion mechanism. Simulation results indicate that in addition to providing codes diversion and conversion, the proposed code gateway achieves low‐order conformity between these two systems. Moreover, the implemented EPC DS and uID DS interface provide immediate commodity news and exchange of historical information. In addition to delivering inevitable processing efficiency, the integrated system between these two systems significantly improves ubiquitous computing environments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antidepressants and the risk of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia
Authors: Leonard Charles E. , Bilker Warren B. , Newcomb Craig , Kimmel Stephen E. , Hennessy Sean 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeTo examine the association between exposure to antidepressants and emergency department or inpatient admission for sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia (SD/VA), and to examine the impact of dose and cytochrome P‐450 inhibition.MethodsA cohort study was conducted using 1999–2003 Medicaid claims data from beneficiaries of five large states, supplemented with Medicare claims for dually eligible individuals. Exposures were prescription claims for antidepressants of interest or a reference antidepressant. Outcomes were incident first‐listed emergency department or principal inpatient diagnoses indicative of SD/VA originating in the outpatient setting, an outcome previously found to have a positive predictive value of 85%.ResultsIn 1.3 million person‐years of antidepressant exposure, we identified 4222 SD/VA outcomes for a rate of 3.3/1000 person‐years (95%CI, 3.2–3.4). Compared with paroxetine (a referent with a putatively favorable cardiovascular risk profile), adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 0.80 (0.67–0.95) for bupropion, 1.24 (0.93–1.65) for doxepin, 0.79 (0.55–1.15) for lithium, and 1.26 (1.11–1.42) for mirtazapine. HRs for amitriptyline, citalopram, fluoxetine, nefazodone, nortriptyline, sertraline, trazodone, and venlafaxine were near unity. For antidepressants having nonnull risks (bupropion and mirtazapine), we observed no relationship with antidepressant dose and some relationships with concomitant cytochrome P‐450 inhibition.ConclusionsOf antidepressants studied, only mirtazapine had a statistically significantly greater SD/VA risk versus paroxetine. However, baseline differences between these users suggest that this finding may be attributable to residual confounding. Eleven other antidepressants had SD/VA risks no greater than that of paroxetine, thereby providing reassurance regarding the comparative cardiovascular safety of antidepressants. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.