bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping with cancer: a brief report on stress and coping strategies in medical students dealing with cancer patients
Authors: Jones Francesca M. E. , Fellows Jodie L. , Horne David J. de L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground: This pilot study explored factors associated with stress in medical students during their initial clinical contact with cancer patients, in particular identifying stress levels and coping strategies used.Methods: A total of 80 medical students at The University of Birmingham Medical School, UK, completed retrospective self‐report questionnaires measuring socio‐demographics, potential stressors and coping strategies (using the Brief COPE inventory). Statistical analysis followed data collection.Findings: Of all socio‐demographic categories, female gender correlated with the highest stress score (p<0.05). The most stressful situations reported related to the patient's condition, the biopsychosocial effects of the cancer on the patient and his/her family, and breaking bad news. A combination of problem‐ and emotion‐focussed strategies were used to manage stress; and the extent of their usage was significantly related to individual stress levels (p<0.01) in both instances.Interpretation: Medical students in an oncology setting experience moderate stress and utilise a combination of problem‐ and emotion‐focussed coping strategies to combat this stress. A greater use of both coping strategies was seen in students experiencing higher levels of stress. This may suggest a relative lack of effective coping skills. In light of this, the implementation of coping strategy training as a part of the medical course and/or support groups may be beneficial. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binding of synthetic peptide TPLVTLFK to nonopioid beta‐endorphin receptor on rat brain membranes
Authors: Nekrasova Yuliia N. , Sadovnikov Vladimir B. , Zolotarev Yury A. , Navolotskaya Elena V. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe synthetic peptide TPLVTLFK corresponding to the sequence 12–19 of β‐endorphin (referred to as octarphin) was found to bind to high‐affinity naloxone‐insensitive binding sites on membranes isolated from the rat brain cortex (Kd = 2.6 ± 0.2 nM). The binding specificity study revealed that these binding sites were insensitive not only to naloxone but also to α‐endorphin, γ‐endorphin, [Met5]enkephalin, and [Leu5]enkephalin, as well. The [3H]octarphin specific binding with brain membranes was inhibited by unlabeled β‐endorphin (Ki = 2.4 ± 0.2 nM) and a selective agonist of nonopioid β‐endorphin receptor decapeptide immunorphin SLTCLVKGFY (Ki = 2.9 ± 0.2 nM). At the same time, unlabeled octarphin completely (by 100%) inhibited the specific binding of [3H]immunorphin with membranes (Ki = 2.8 ± 0.2 nM). Thus, octarphin binds with a high affinity and specificity to nonopioid receptor of β‐endorphin on rat brain cortex membranes. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of basal plane fiber‐textured Ti2AlN films on amorphous substrates
Authors: Beckers M. , Eriksson F. , Lauridsen J. , Baehtz C. , Jensen J. , Hultman L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of fiber‐textured Ti2AlN(0001) films on SiO2 was characterized by in‐situ and ex‐situ X‐ray scattering and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Ti2AlN was formed by solid‐state reaction between sequentially deposited Ti and AlN layers. A deposition at 275 °C yields a Ti(0001) out‐of‐plane orientation which is maintained for the following AlN(0001)/Ti(0001) layers. Annealing to 600 °C yields AlN decomposition and diffusion of Al and N into Ti, with consecutive transformation into Ti3AlN(111) and Ti2AlN(0001) plus AlN residuals. Despite preferred Ti2AlN(0001) out‐of‐plane orientation, the in‐plane distribution is random, as expected from the self‐organized pseudo‐epitaxial growth. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Physical mechanisms of boron diffusion gettering of iron in silicon
Authors: Vähänissi V. , Haarahiltunen A. , Talvitie H. , Yli‐Koski M. , Lindroos J. , Savin H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe have studied the boron diffusion gettering (BDG) of iron in single crystalline silicon. The results show that iron is gettered efficiently by electrically inactive boron, which leads to gettering efficiencies comparable to phosphorus diffusion gettering (PDG). In addition we discuss the different physical mechanisms behind BDG. We also consider the possibilities of using boron diffusion gettering in solar cell fabrication and discuss the role of boron and iron concentration in the optimization of gettering efficiency. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Assimilation of satellite‐derived soil moisture from ASCAT in a limited‐area NWP model
Authors: Mahfouf Jean‐François 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA simplified Extended Kalman Filter is developed for the assimilation of satellite‐derived surface soil moisture from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) instrument (on board the polar‐orbiting satellite METOP) in a limited‐area NWP model where soil water vertical transfers are described by a force–restore method. An analytic formulation of the land surface scheme Jacobians is derived to simplify the coupling between land surface and atmospheric data assimilation systems. Various steps necessary before the assimilation of ASCAT products are defined: projection of satellite data on the model grid, screening based on various criteria, bias correction using a CDF matching technique, and specification of model and observation errors. Three‐dimensional variational data assimilation experiments are then performed during a four‐week period in May 2009 over western Europe. A control assimilation is also run where the soil moisture evolves freely. Forecasts from these analyses show that the assimilation of ASCAT data slightly reduces the daytime low‐level relative humidity positive bias of the control run. Forecast skill scores with respect to other variables are rather neutral. A comparison of the control run with the operational system where soil moisture is corrected from short‐range forecast errors of screen‐level observations show similar improvements but are more pronounced. These differences come from the fact that the number of screen‐level observations from the surface network over Europe is significantly larger than those provided by a polar‐orbiting satellite. These results are consistent with those obtained at ECMWF using soil moisture products derived from other satellite instruments (X‐band radiometer TMI and C‐band scatterometer ERS). Several avenues for improving this preliminary methodology are proposed. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
An inherently mass‐conserving iterative semi‐implicit semi‐Lagrangian discretization of the non‐hydrostatic vertical‐slice equations
Authors: Melvin Thomas , Dubal Mark , Wood Nigel , Staniforth Andrew , Zerroukat Mohamed 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRecently an inherently mass‐conserving semi‐Lagrangian transport scheme has been successfully coupled to an iterative semi‐implicit scheme in a global shallow‐water‐equation (SWE) model. Here that methodology is extended and applied to an iterative semi‐implicit semi‐Lagrangian (SISL) compressible, non‐hydrostatic vertical‐slice model, in which the constant reference state of the SWE model is now replaced by a vertically varying reference state. An advantage of this approach is that it preserves the same basic structure as the interpolating, non‐mass‐conserving, iterative SISL model. The resulting mass‐conserving model is applied to a standard set of test problems for such models and compared with results from both the literature and the interpolating, iterative SISL version of the model. © Crown Copyright 2010. Reproduced with the permission of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dynamical ocean feedback mechanism for the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Webber Benjamin G. M. , Matthews Adrian J. , Heywood Karen J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractComposite analysis is applied to study the dynamical ocean response to Madden–Julian (MJ) events, measured by anomalies in sea surface height from the merged TOPEX/Poseidon–European Remote Sensing satellite altimetry dataset. In each of the tropical ocean basins, significant equatorial waves are forced, which are shown to modulate the sea surface temperature (SST) by 0.2–0.3°C in the absence of strong surface heat fluxes. In the Indian Ocean there is a clear dynamical response which may play a significant role in generating later MJ events. Surface westerly winds, associated with the active phase of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), force an eastward‐propagating oceanic downwelling equatorial Kelvin wave, which, on reaching the eastern boundary at Sumatra, forces reflected downwelling equatorial Rossby waves and coastal Kelvin waves. The coastal Kelvin waves propagate southwards towards northern Australia and northwards into the Bay of Bengal, and will be important for local physical, chemical and biological processes. The equatorial Rossby waves propagate westward across the Indian Ocean, arriving in the western Indian Ocean approximately 80–100 days after the initial Kelvin wave was generated. The arrival of these waves generates positive SST anomalies which leads to convection and may trigger the next‐but‐one MJ event, or amplify the low‐frequency tail of the MJO. This constitutes a coupled feedback mechanism from the ocean dynamics onto the MJO, somewhat similar to the delayed oscillator mechanism for the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
An analysis of the dynamic σ polarization in the V state of ethene
Authors: Angeli Celestino 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe importance of the dynamic σ polarization (absent in methods where the σ skeleton is treated at a mean‐field level) for the correct description of the V state of the ethene molecule has been recognized by many authors in the past. In this article, this physical effect is analyzed and it is seen as arising from the sum of two contributions: the polarization of the σ CC bond and of the σ CH bonds. In both cases it is described in a valence bond scheme and the types of excitations needed in a molecular orbital frame to introduce such effects are identified. The effect of the dynamic σ polarization on the spatial extent of the V state (〈x2〉) is described. The analysis here reported has been used in a recent article (Angeli, J Comp Chem 2009, 30, 1319) for the accurate calculation of the V state and of its vertical excitation energy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 110:2436–2447, 2010
Experimental and theoretical studies of 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline derivatives: Cooked‐food mutagens
Authors: Marques Alberto D. S. , Lin Chhiu T. , Pereira Luiza G. , Takahata Yuji 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe UV absorption spectra of two potent mutagens, 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (IQ) and NO2‐IQ, dissolved in ethanol, were observed at room temperature. General appearance of the two spectra is somewhat different. The absorption spectra show five bands in the region above 200 nm. The peak positions of the five bands are similar in the two spectra. The observed bands in the two molecules were assigned using transition energies calculated with time‐dependent density functional theory with triple‐zeta polarized basis set with the statistical average of orbital potentials exchange‐and‐correlation functional. The emission spectra of the two molecules dissolved in ethanol were obtained at 77 K. Only fluorescence emission was observed in IQ. No phosphorescence emission of the molecule was observed. Both fluorescence and phosphorescence emissions were observed in NO2‐IQ. These observations were interpreted with the aid of the calculated transition energy spectra. Some lowest vertical ionization energies of the two molecules were also calculated. The first ionization energy of NO2‐IQ is greater than that of IQ by 1.2 eV. Core electron binding energies (CEBEs) of the two molecules were calculated as well. Using CEBE shifts of atoms in the molecules, it was possible to observe the changes of chemical environment when substituent changes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Search for new antimalarial compounds obtained from natural sources by molecular modeling
Authors: Leite Franco Henrique A. , Taranto Alex G. , dos Santos Junior Manoelito C. , Branco Alexsandro , de Araujo Martha T. , de M. Carneiro José Walkimar 
Published: April 2010

AbstractArtemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone with an endoperoxide function that is currently being used against strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Endoperoxides are supposed to act on heme leading to reduction of the peroxide bond and production of radicals that can kill the parasite. As artemisinin, other natural compounds have the peroxide group and may also show antimalarial activity. This fact motivated us to study the interaction of 18 peroxides natural Brazilian flora with the heme group and compared with the values obtained for artemisinin. Initially, a conformational search was performed using the MM3 method for each molecule. The most stable conformers were optimized by the PM3(tm) method. Then, there was a docking between the peroxide and the heme group, again followed by a conformational search. Finally, the complex was optimized to obtain highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) by the PM3(tm) method. All these calculations were performed using the Titan package. Among the natural peroxides, we studied (18), four have molecular orbital, MEP, and interaction energies similar to artemisinin. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Enteroviruses and type 1 diabetes: towards a better understanding of the relationship
Authors: Jaïdane Hela , Sauter Pierre , Sane Famara , Goffard Anne , Gharbi Jawhar , Hober Didier 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEnvironmental factors, especially viruses, are involved in the initiation or the acceleration of type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis. Epidemiological data strongly suggest that enteroviruses, such as coxsackievirus B4 (CV‐B4), can be associated with T1D. It has been demonstrated that enterovirus infections were significantly more prevalent in at risk individuals, such as siblings of diabetic patients, when they developed anti‐β‐cell autoantibodies or T1D, and in recently diagnosed diabetic patients, compared with control subjects. The isolation of CV‐B4 from the pancreas of diabetic patients strengthened the hypothesis of a relationship between the virus and the disease. Studies performed in vitro and in vivo in animal models helped to discover mechanisms of the infection of pancreas and other tissues, potentially able to play a role in the pathogenesis of T1D. Interestingly, it cannot be excluded that enteroviruses behave as half‐devil half‐angel since experimental studies suggest that, in certain conditions, these agents would be able to protect individuals against the disease. All of the plausible mechanisms by which enterovirus may be related to T1D will be reviewed here. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Passive sensor evaluation for unmanned ground vehicle mud detection
Authors: Rankin A. L. , Matthies L. H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDetecting mud hazards is a significant challenge to unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) autonomous off‐road navigation. A military UGV stuck in a body of mud during a mission may need to be sacrificed or rescued, both unattractive options. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is currently developing a daytime mud detection capability under the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Robotics Collaborative Technology Alliances program using UGV‐mounted sensors. To perform robust mud detection under all conditions, we expect that multiple sensors will be necessary. A passive mud detection solution is desirable to meet future combat system requirements. To characterize the advantages and disadvantages of candidate passive sensors, outdoor data collections have been performed on wet and dry soil using visible, multispectral (including near‐infrared), shortwave infrared, midwave infrared, long‐wave infrared, polarization, and stereo sensors. In this paper, we examine the cues for mud detection that each of these sensors provide, along with their deficiencies, and we illustrate localizing detected mud in a world model that can used by a UGV to plan safe paths. We mostly limit our examination to mud detection during the daytime under ideal conditions: isolated wet soil surrounded by dry soil during nominal weather, i.e., no precipitation, calm wind, and near‐average temperatures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trying to become a different type of company: dynamic capability at Smith Corona
Authors: Danneels Erwin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSmith Corona, formerly one of the world's leading manufacturers of typewriters, was challenged to exercise dynamic capability in the face of the dissipation of its main product category. A study of the last two decades of the life of the company shows how Smith Corona tried to alter its resource base by leveraging existing resources, creating new resources, accessing external resources, and releasing resources. Using the extended case method, this study advances dynamic capability theory by confronting it with an empirical case. The Smith Corona case provides rich insights into the resource alteration processes by which dynamic capability operates, and highlights resource cognition as a missing element in dynamic capability theory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gold‐Catalyzed Vapor–Liquid–Solid Germanium‐Nanowire Nucleation on Porous Silicon
Authors: Koto Makoto , Marshall Ann F. , Goldthorpe Irene A. , McIntyre Paul C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNanoporous Si(111) substrates are used to study the effects of Au catalyst coarsening on the nucleation of vapor–liquid–solid‐synthesized epitaxial Ge nanowires (NWs) at temperatures less than 400 °C. Porous Si substrates, with greater effective interparticle separations for Au surface diffusion than nonporous Si, inhibit catalyst coarsening and agglomeration prior to NW nucleation. This greatly reduces the variation in wire diameter and length and increases the yield compared to nucleation on identically prepared nonporous Si substrates.
Formation of Bubbles in a Multisection Flow‐Focusing Junction
Authors: Hashimoto Michinao , Whitesides George M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe formation of bubbles in a flow‐focusing (FF) junction comprising multiple rectangular sections is described. The simplest junctions comprise two sections (throat and orifice). Systematic investigation of the influence on the formation of bubbles of the flow of liquid and the geometry of the junction identifies regimes that generate monodisperse, bidisperse, and tridisperse trains of bubbles. The mechanisms by which these junctions form monodisperse and bidisperse bubbles are inferred from the shapes of the gas thread during breakup: these mechanisms differ primarily by the process in which the gas thread collapses in the throat and/or orifice. The dynamic self‐assembly of bidisperse bubbles leads to unexpected groupings of bubbles during their flow along the outlet channel.
MicroRNA miR-137 Regulates Neuronal Maturation by Targeting Ubiquitin Ligase Mind Bomb-1
Authors: Smrt Richard D. , Szulwach Keith E. , Pfeiffer Rebecca L. , Li Xuekun , Guo Weixiang , Pathania Manavendra , Teng Zhao-Qian , Luo Yuping , Peng Junmin , Bordey Angelique , Jin Peng , Zhao Xinyu 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The maturation of young neurons is regulated by complex mechanisms and dysregulation of this process is frequently found in neurodevepmental disorders. MicroRNAs have been implicated in several steps of neuronal maturation including dendritic and axonal growth, spine development, and synaptogenesis. We demonstrate that one brain-enriched microRNA, miR-137, has a significant role in regulating neuronal maturation. Overexpression of miR-137 inhibits dendritic morphogenesis, phenotypic maturation, and spine development both in brain and cultured primary neurons. On the other hand, a reduction in miR-137 had opposite effects. We further show that miR-137 targets the Mind bomb one (Mib1) protein through the conserved target site located in the 3′ untranslated region of Mib1 messenger RNA. Mib1 is an ubiquitin ligase known to be important for neurodevelopment. We show that exogenously expressed Mib1 could partially rescue the phenotypes associated with miR-137 overexpression. These results demonstrate a novel miRNA-mediated mechanism involving miR-137 and Mib1 that function to regulate neuronal maturation and dendritic morphogenesis during development.
Exposure, instrumentation, and observing practice effects on land temperature measurements
Authors: Trewin Blair 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTo monitor climate change adequately and determine the extent to which anthropogenic influences are contributing to observed climate change, it is critical to have land temperature data of a high standard. In particular, it is important to have temperature data whose changes reflect changes in the climate and not changes in other circumstances under which the temperatures were taken. There are numerous factors that can affect land temperature records. Among the most common are changes in instrumentation, changes in local site condition in situ (through urbanization or for other reasons), site relocations, and changes in observing practices. All have the potential, if uncorrected, to have impacts on temperature records at individual locations similar to or greater than the observed century‐scale global warming trend. A number of techniques exist to identify these influences and correct data to take them into account. These have been applied in various ways in climate change analyses and in major data sets used for the assessment of long‐term climate change. These techniques are not perfect and numerous uncertainties remain, especially with respect to daily and sub‐daily temperature data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Modern Climate Change
A note on calibration of Markov processes
Authors: Bloch Daniel 
Published: April 2010

AbstractUsing Malliavin calculus, we derive under the forward probability measure Ito's formula for anticipating processes in the multi‐dimensional case. We use it when the instantaneous volatility, the spot rate and the dividend yield of the stock price are Markov processes to approximate solutions of the Black type to the prices of call options as well as binary options. The stochastic dividend yield makes it possible to consider the pricing of contingent claims not only in the equity market but also in the commodities, fixed income and forex markets. We then derive the Greeks of the model, which will be used for the risk management of the exotic products, and approximate the implied volatility surface induced by the model. Copyright © 2010 Wilmott Magazine Ltd.
Branch formation during organ development
Authors: Gjorevski Nikolce , Nelson Celeste M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractInvertebrates and vertebrates use branching morphogenesis to build epithelial trees to maximize the surface area of organs within a given volume. Several molecular regulators of branching have recently been discovered, a number of which are conserved across different organs and species. Signals that control branching at the cellular and tissue levels are also starting to emerge, and are rapidly unveiling the physical nature of branch development. Here we discuss the molecular, cellular, and physical processes that govern branch formation, and highlight the major outstanding questions in the field. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease