bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Boxing Training on Self-Concept and Mental Rotation Performance in Children
Authors: Rahe Martina , Schaefer Johannes , Schürmann Linda , Jansen Petra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMental rotation is a spatial cognitive ability malleable by training, e.g., physical education. The importance of children’s physical activity on their self-concept is also well proven. The present study examines whether a ten-week boxing training improves ten-year-old children’s mental rotation performance and self-concept. Forty-five children (26 boys and 19 girls, age: M = 9.62, SD = 0.71) completed a mental rotation test and filled out a questionnaire about their academic, physical, and social self-concept. Seventeen of the children participated in a ten-week boxing training. After the training, all children completed the same test and questionnaire. Results showed that children in the training group improved more than children in the control group in all three aspects of self-concept and mental rotation performance. All interaction effects between time and group were moderate to large. We conclude that a ten-week boxing training successfully improves children’s self-concept and spatial abilities.
Die Rolle von kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie bei Insomnie bei Frauen in den Wechseljahren
Authors: Ott Simona 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Insomnie ist eines der häufigsten Symptome bei Frauen während der Wechseljahre und beeinträchtigt Betroffene sehr.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Arbeit ist, den Effekt von kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie bei Insomnie (KVT-I) bei Frauen peri- und postmenopausal zu untersuchen.

Material und Methode
Studien, welche auf Ovid Medline und Google Scholar publiziert wurden und die Wirkung von KVT‑I bei Frauen in den Wechseljahren untersucht haben. Für Behandlungsoptionen werden die S3-Leitlinien für Insomnie verwendet.

Ergebnisse
Die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie ist eine sehr wirkungsvolle Therapie bei Frauen während der Wechseljahre mit Insomnie. In allen untersuchten Studien war es die Therapie mit den erfolgreichsten Ergebnissen, egal ob die Therapie „face to face“, telefonbasiert, in Gruppen oder online durchgeführt wurde. Die Schlafrestriktionstherapie konnte ähnlich überzeugende Resultate liefern. Vor allem in Bezug auf depressive Symptome und maladaptives Denken hat die SRT ähnlich gute Ergebnisse wie die KVT‑I aufgezeigt [13]. Nicht eindeutige Resultate wurden in beiden Interventionsgruppen zur Funktionsfähigkeit am Tag, der Arbeitsleistung sowie der allgemeinen Lebensqualität gezeigt [14]. Die SHA zeigte in allen Studien einen geringen bis keinen Effekt. Insomnie-Remittierte wiesen ein generell besseres Gesundheitsempfinden nach der Therapie auf.
Thiol-based chemically modified carbon screen-printed electrode for simultaneous quantification of trace level Pb(II) and Cd(II)
Authors: Tiwari Mritunjay S. , Kadu Arun K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPresent work reports, the development of a novel electrochemical sensor based on a diazonium-coupling reaction and covalent attachment of the –NH2 group of cysteamine (Cyst) on screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), for simultaneous determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II). Initially, the in-situ generated 4-carboxyphenyl (4-CP) diazonium salt was electro-grafted to generate 4-CP/SPCE, followed by covalent bonding of terminal carboxylic group of 4-CP with –NH2 group of Cyst to give Cyst/4-CP/SPCE. The modified electrode showed an enhanced selectivity and sensitivity toward the quantification of Pb(II) and Cd(II) using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) without mutual interference. Under optimal experimental conditions, the newly designed sensor showed a wide linear range of 0.01 µM to 0.7 µM. The limit of detection (LOD) obtained was 0.882 nM (0.09 ppb) and 0.65 nM (0.134 ppb) for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. The modified SPCE exhibited good stability, selectivity, and reproducibility. Furthermore, the sensor was successfully applied for the determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions in water samples which illustrated excellent recoveries in different spiked samples and the results were in line with the standard ICP-AES analysis.
Graphical abstract
A thiol-based disposable electrochemical sensor was developed via electro grafting of diazonium salt on SPCE followed by covalent immobilization of cysteamine for quantification of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in water samples.
Working towards a paradigm shift in mental health: stakeholder perspectives on improving healthcare access for people with serious mental illnesses and chronic physical illnesses in Jamaica
Authors: Whitehorne-Smith Patrice , Lalwani Kunal , Mitchell Gabrielle , Martin Robyn , Milbourn Ben , Abel Wendel , Burns Sharyn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Jamaican public health system has incorporated mental health services into community-based primary care to improve healthcare access for people with serious mental illnesses (PWSMI), especially given global concerns about the high rate of comorbidity of chronic physical illnesses (CPI) among this population. Although it has been over twenty years since this strategy was implemented, there is a dearth of research into the views and experiences of stakeholders relating to this health system response. The current study sought to explore stakeholders’ perspectives and recommendations for improving the Jamaican public health system's response to healthcare access for PWSMI & CPI. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to collect and analyse data from fifty-seven participants across six participant groups: health policymakers, primary care physicians, psychiatrists, mental health nurses, PWSMI & CPI and, their caregivers. The findings of the study identified one overarching category, “a paradigm shift in mental health” supported by six subthemes: (1) prioritise mental health, (2) reduce stigma and discrimination, (3) fill gaps in policies and practice, (4) address workforce issues, (5) improve health infrastructure and operations, and (6) respond to social needs. Findings highlighted a need for strategies that address social determinants of health inequalities such as stigma and discrimination as well as poverty to improve healthcare access. The paradigm shift in mental health will require greater financial and human resource investment in responding to these comorbid conditions and increased involvement of PWSMI and other stakeholders in strategies aimed at improving healthcare access and outcomes.
THE BIODIVERSITY CRISIS, BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS, AND OUR OBLIGATIONS WITH RESPECT TO THEM
Authors: Moore Margaret 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis essay argues that we have a duty to protect biodiversity hotspots, rooted in an argument about the wrongful imposition of risk and intergenerational justice. State authority over territory and resources is not unlimited; the state has a duty to protect these areas. The essay argues that although biodiversity loss is a global problem, it can be tackled at the domestic level through clear rules. The argument thus challenges the usual view of state sovereignty, which holds that authority over territory, resources, and migration (all of which are connected to the protection of biodiversity hotspots) is unlimited.
A macroscope of English print culture, 1530–1700, applied to the coevolution of ideas on religion, science, and institutions
Authors: Grajzl Peter , Murrell Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe combine unsupervised machine learning and econometric methods to study England’s print culture in the pivotal sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Machine learning synthesizes the content of 57,863 texts comprising 83 million words into 110 topics. Topics include the expected, such as Natural Philosophy, and the unexpected, such as Baconian Theology. Timelines suggest that religious and political discourse gradually became less antagonistic and economic topics more prominent. The epistemology associated with Bacon was present in theological debates already before Bacon’s epistemological contributions. Vector autoregression estimates provide insight into the coevolution of ideas on religion, science, and institutions. Innovations in religious ideas stimulated focus on science, especially at times when Puritanism was prominent in religious discourse. Neither science nor institutional thought evidence secularization. The Glorious Revolution and the Civil War did not spur debates on institutions nor did the founding of the Royal Society markedly elevate attention to science.
Observational Characteristics of High‐Latitude Ionization Trough Seen by Swarm
Authors: Kim Su‐In , Kwak Young‐Sil , Kil Hyosub , Park Jaeheung , Kim Khan‐Hyuk 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the distribution and formation mechanisms of ionization troughs inside an auroral oval (referred to as high‐latitude troughs) by analyzing Swarm observations from May–August 2014. Simultaneous measurements of plasma density, 3‐dimensional ion velocity, ionospheric radial current (IRC), and electron temperature are available during this period. Because high‐latitude troughs appear within an auroral oval while mid‐latitude troughs appear at the equatorward edge of the auroral oval, the positioning of troughs relative to the equatorward auroral boundary becomes critical for distinguishing between the two types of troughs. We ascertain the auroral boundary and the orientation of field‐aligned currents using IRC data derived from magnetic field measurements. The principal features of high‐latitude troughs identified from Swarm data include: (a) enhancements in ion velocity and electron temperature, (b) the presence of downward or absent field‐aligned current (FAC), and (c) a more frequent occurrence in the Northern (summer) Hemisphere than in the Southern (winter) Hemisphere and in the dawn and dusk sectors than in the noon and midnight sectors. The alignment of the density minimum with the velocity maximum underscores the role of high‐speed plasma convection in the formation of high‐latitude troughs; atmospheric frictional heating promotes the O+ loss through dissociative recombination. The prevailing appearance of high‐latitude troughs at dawn and dusk sectors, coupled with downward field‐aligned currents, indicates the involvement of outward electron evacuation in trough formation.
Freezing Nucleus Spectra for Hailstone Samples in China From Droplet Freezing Experiments
Authors: Ren Yangze , Fu Shizuo , Bi Kai , Zhang Haifan , Lin Xiangyu , Cao Ke , Zhang Qinghong , Xue Huiwen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIce nucleating particles (INPs) can be important for deep convective storms through affecting microphysical, thermodynamical, and radiative properties and precipitation. Since the mass of a hailstone is predominantly contributed by supercooled cloud droplets, INPs in supercooled cloud droplets during deep convective storms can be indicated from INPs in hailstones. In this study, hailstones are collected from eight deep convective cases in three regions of China, and immersion freezing INPs in hailstones are measured using droplet freezing experiments over a wide temperature range from −27.5°C to −4.0°C. INP concentrations can vary by 2–3 orders of magnitude, which is consistent with the result in a previous study on hailstones for the same eight cases that insoluble aerosol number concentrations in hailstones also have a variability of 2–3 orders of magnitude. Using the fitting method, three INP modes are suggested to be included for most hailstone samples, while one to two INP modes can be good enough for a couple of hailstone samples. Furthermore, the INPs for warmer mode are more heat‐sensitive, indicating possible existence of proteinaceous biological species.
Lava Delta Formation: Mathematical Modeling and Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Taylor‐West J. J. , Balmforth N. J. , Hogg A. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe analyze the dynamics of evolving lava‐fed deltas through the use of shallow‐layer mathematical models and analog laboratory experiments. Numerical and asymptotic solutions are calculated for the cases of planar and three‐dimensional flows fed by a point source upstream of the shoreline. We consider several modes of delta formation: a reduction in the driving buoyancy force; an enhanced viscosity of the submerged material; and the production of a granular subaqueous platform, over which a subaerial current can propagate. These modes of delta formation result in different behaviors. Under a steady supply of fluid upstream, the buoyancy‐driven case develops a solution with a steady subaerial delta and a subaqueous current which propagates at a constant speed, while the granular platform model extends the delta indefinitely. We determine a late‐time power‐law relation for the shoreline extent with time in this case. When the viscosity contrast is large, the model with an enhanced subaqueous viscosity is shown to mimic the initial dynamics of the granular platform model, but ultimately reaches a steady shoreline extent at sufficiently late times, as for the buoyancy‐driven model. The distinct behaviors of these models are further illustrated through laboratory experiments, utilizing the gelling reaction of sodium alginate solution in the presence of calcium ions as a novel analog for the abrupt rheological changes that occur when lava makes contact with water. These experiments provide quantitative verification of the buoyancy‐driven model in the absence of the reaction, and demonstrate the effects of a subaqueous platform qualitatively in its presence.
Magnetically controllable multimode interference in topological photonic crystals
Authors: Tang Weiyuan , Wang Mudi , Ma Shaojie , Chan Che Ting , Zhang Shuang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTopological photonic insulators show promise for applications in compact integrated photonic circuits due to their ability to transport light robustly through sharp bendings. The number of topological edge states relies on the difference between the bulk Chern numbers across the boundary, as dictated by the bulk edge correspondence. The interference among multiple topological edge modes in topological photonics systems may allow for controllable functionalities that are particularly desirable for constructing reconfigurable photonic devices. In this work, we demonstrate magnetically controllable multimode interference based on gyromagnetic topological photonic insulators that support two unidirectional edge modes with different dispersions. We successfully achieve controllable power splitting in experiments by engineering multimode interference with the magnetic field intensity or the frequency of wave. Our work demonstrates that manipulating the interference among multiple chiral edge modes can facilitate the advancement of highly efficient and adaptable microwave devices.
Global projections of heat exposure of older adults
Authors: Falchetta Giacomo , De Cian Enrica , Sue Wing Ian , Carr Deborah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe global population is aging at the same time as heat exposures are increasing due to climate change. Age structure, and its biological and socio-economic drivers, determine populations’ vulnerability to high temperatures. Here we combine age-stratified demographic projections with downscaled temperature projections to mid-century and find that chronic exposure to heat doubles across all warming scenarios. Moreover, >23% of the global population aged 69+ will inhabit climates whose 95th percentile of daily maximum temperature exceeds the critical threshold of 37.5 °C, compared with 14% today, exposing an additional 177–246 million older adults to dangerous acute heat. Effects are most severe in Asia and Africa, which also have the lowest adaptive capacity. Our results facilitate regional heat risk assessments and inform public health decision-making.
Ultrastrong magnon-magnon coupling and chiral spin-texture control in a dipolar 3D multilayered artificial spin-vortex ice
Authors: Dion Troy , Stenning Kilian D. , Vanstone Alex , Holder Holly H. , Sultana Rawnak , Alatteili Ghanem , Martinez Victoria , Kaffash Mojtaba Taghipour , Kimura Takashi , Oulton Rupert F. , Branford Will R. , Kurebayashi Hidekazu , Iacocca Ezio , Jungfleisch M. Benjamin , Gartside Jack C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStrongly-interacting nanomagnetic arrays are ideal systems for exploring reconfigurable magnonics. They provide huge microstate spaces and integrated solutions for storage and neuromorphic computing alongside GHz functionality. These systems may be broadly assessed by their range of reliably accessible states and the strength of magnon coupling phenomena and nonlinearities. Increasingly, nanomagnetic systems are expanding into three-dimensional architectures. This has enhanced the range of available magnetic microstates and functional behaviours, but engineering control over 3D states and dynamics remains challenging. Here, we introduce a 3D magnonic metamaterial composed from multilayered artificial spin ice nanoarrays. Comprising two magnetic layers separated by a non-magnetic spacer, each nanoisland may assume four macrospin or vortex states per magnetic layer. This creates a system with a rich 16N microstate space and intense static and dynamic dipolar magnetic coupling. The system exhibits a broad range of emergent phenomena driven by the strong inter-layer dipolar interaction, including ultrastrong magnon-magnon coupling with normalised coupling rates of $$\frac{\Delta f}{\nu }=0.57$$

Δ
f

ν

=
0.57
, GHz mode shifts in zero applied field and chirality-control of magnetic vortex microstates with corresponding magnonic spectra.
Dysfunctional adipocytes promote tumor progression through YAP/TAZ-dependent cancer-associated adipocyte transformation
Authors: Song Yaechan , Na Heeju , Lee Seung Eon , Kim You Min , Moon Jihyun , Nam Tae Wook , Ji Yul , Jin Young , Park Jae Hyung , Cho Seok Chan , Lee Jaehoon , Hwang Daehee , Ha Sang-Jun , Park Hyun Woo , Kim Jae Bum , Lee Han-Woong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObesity has emerged as a prominent risk factor for the development of malignant tumors. However, the existing literature on the role of adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to elucidate the correlation between obesity and cancer remains insufficient. Here, we aim to investigate the formation of cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) and their contribution to tumor growth using mouse models harboring dysfunctional adipocytes. Specifically, we employ adipocyte-specific BECN1 KO (BaKO) mice, which exhibit lipodystrophy due to dysfunctional adipocytes. Our results reveal the activation of YAP/TAZ signaling in both CAAs and BECN1-deficient adipocytes, inducing adipocyte dedifferentiation and formation of a malignant TME. The additional deletion of YAP/TAZ from BaKO mice significantly restores the lipodystrophy and inflammatory phenotypes, leading to tumor regression. Furthermore, mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibit decreased BECN1 and increased YAP/TAZ expression in their adipose tissues. Treatment with the YAP/TAZ inhibitor, verteporfin, suppresses tumor progression in BaKO and HFD-fed mice, highlighting its efficacy against mice with metabolic dysregulation. Overall, our findings provide insights into the key mediators of CAA and their significance in developing a TME, thereby suggesting a viable approach targeting adipocyte homeostasis to suppress cancer growth.
Quantifying 3′UTR length from scRNA-seq data reveals changes independent of gene expression
Authors: Fansler Mervin M. , Mitschka Sibylle , Mayr Christine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough more than half of all genes generate transcripts that differ in 3′UTR length, current analysis pipelines only quantify the amount but not the length of mRNA transcripts. 3′UTR length is determined by 3′ end cleavage sites (CS). We map CS in more than 200 primary human and mouse cell types and increase CS annotations relative to the GENCODE database by 40%. Approximately half of all CS are used in few cell types, revealing that most genes only have one or two major 3′ ends. We incorporate the CS annotations into a computational pipeline, called scUTRquant, for rapid, accurate, and simultaneous quantification of gene and 3′UTR isoform expression from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. When applying scUTRquant to data from 474 cell types and 2134 perturbations, we discover extensive 3′UTR length changes across cell types that are as widespread and coordinately regulated as gene expression changes but affect mostly different genes. Our data indicate that mRNA abundance and mRNA length are two largely independent axes of gene regulation that together determine the amount and spatial organization of protein synthesis.
Asymmetric C–H Dehydrogenative Alkenylation via a Photo-induced Chiral α‑Imino Radical Intermediate
Authors: Jia Zongbin , Cheng Liang , Zhang Long , Luo Sanzhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe direct alkenylation with simple alkenes stands out as the most ideal yet challenging strategy for obtaining high-valued desaturated alkanes. Here we present a direct asymmetric dehydrogenative α-C(sp3)-H alkenylation of carbonyls based on synergistic photoredox-cobalt-chiral primary amine catalysis under visible light. The ternary catalytic system enables the direct coupling of β-keto-carbonyls and alkenes through a cooperative radical addition-dehydrogenation process involving a chiral α-imino radical and Co(II)-metalloradical intermediate. A catalytic H-transfer process involving nitrobenzene is engaged to quench in situ generated cobalt hydride species, ensuring a chemoselective alkenylation in good yields and high enantioselectivities.
Reusable and effective polyacrylic membranes for mecoprop and bentazon extractions
Authors: Utzeri Gianluca , Guirado-Moreno José Carlos , Cova Tânia F. G. G. , Pais Alberto A. A. C. , Batista De Carvalho Luis A. E. , Ibeas Saturnino , García José M. , Valente Artur J. M. , Vallejos Saúl 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study introduces reusable polyacrylic membranes, fabricated from commercially available monomers (1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and methylmethacrylate), as a promising approach for pesticide extraction. These membranes effectively remove the commonly used herbicides mecoprop (RE ≈ 99%) and bentazon (RE ≈ 95%) at low concentrations, which pose water contamination risks due to their water-soluble properties and leaf-level sorption. The membranes exhibit excellent manageability and resistance, allowing for safe handling without personal protective equipment. Additionally, the material is environmentally friendly and can be washed and reused for at least 4 cycles without a significant decrease in performance. Characterization techniques, including NMR, TGA, DSC, mechanical testing, N2 adsorption, and FTIR analysis, were used to investigate properties and assess the influence of the polymeric composition. The study focused on examining the lateral charged aminoethyl groups, which play a crucial role in sorbent-sorbate interactions. Sorption kinetics, isotherms, and permeation studies provided insights into the removal mechanism, efficiency, and permeability coefficients, revealing hydrophobic–hydrophobic interactions between the pesticides and the polymer. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed a scorpion-like conformation of the macromolecular chains surrounding the pesticides. These findings support the hydrophobic nature of the extraction mechanism and highlight the significant role of charged aminoethyl groups in facilitating this process.