bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological‐type inference in matched‐pair studies with fixed marginal totals
Authors: Barker Laurie K. , Griffin Susan O. , Jeon Seonghye , Gray Shellie Kolavic , Vidakovic Brani 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper applies a Bayesian approach to ecological‐type inference in matched‐pair studies because traditional methods that assume parallel tables are not directly applicable. The proposed procedure is based on a hierarchical Bayes structure which models information about the within‐pair association. The proposed algorithm relies on Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation, recovers the full table, and reports its accuracy in terms of credible sets for the cell counts. This methodology is motivated and illustrated with examples from split‐mouth designs assessing the effectiveness of dental sealant materials and cross‐over trials comparing two forms of insulin. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of various maillard reaction products on in vitro starch hydrolysis and blood glucose responses in mice
Authors: Chung Soo Yeon , Lee Seog Won , Rhee Chul 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) on in vitro starch hydrolysis, and in vivo blood glucose responses in mice. Four MRPs of various dextrose equivalents were prepared by heating a mixture of hydrolyzed rice starch and glycine at 200°C for 4 min. The starch hydrolysis rates of gelatinized rice starch (GRS) decreased as the browning reaction of added MRPs increased. The hydrolysis kinetic constants of the GRS with 5% MRPs were relatively lower than that of GRS without MRPs. Blood glucose responses showed similar tendencies to the in vitro starch hydrolysis results. The activity of digestive enzymes was inhibited by the MRPs. The relative crystallinity of all MRPs (29.9–60.1%) appeared to have higher values than GRS (15.1%). The samples heated to induce the Maillard reaction showed a more compact and flat structure compared to that of GRS. Therefore, it is possible that MRPs have not only a structure which is difficult for the enzyme to degrade but also function to suppress digestive enzyme activity.
Physicochemical, thermal, and pasting properties of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Bl.) starches as affected by different drying methods
Authors: Zhang Min , Chen Haixia , Zhang Yan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractStarches from raw Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Bl.) were isolated and dried by freeze drying and oven drying methods and the physicochemical, thermal, and the pasting properties were evaluated. Results showed that the two drying methods clearly affected the properties of the Chinese chestnut starches (CCS), both in composition, physicochemical, thermal, pasting properties, and functional characteristics. Freeze dried CCS presented the higher RS content, higher thermal properties, higher pasting values, higher solubility, lower syneresis to freezing, and thawing when compared with oven dried CCS. These properties of freeze dried CCS represented a unique starch for food ingredient usage of chestnut.
The global recession issue: Introduction—Part I
Authors: Shoham Amir 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis special issue concentrates on the global economic downturn that reached its lowest point in late 2008. Signals of an impending crisis started in 2007 with a wave of insolvent subprime mortgages in the United States, but the seeds were planted years earlier. In its scope, length, and countries affected, this downturn is the worst in over 70 years. It is changing and will continue to change local and global business and economic environments. This issue aims to learn from past mistakes and better understand the new environment. Each part contains five articles and an introduction. Part I has a global perspective; Part II focuses on specific national economies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Learning from the “worst behaved”: Iceland's financial crisis and the Nordic comparison
Authors: Sigurjonsson Throstur Olaf , Mixa Mar Wolfgang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article explores how the financial crisis in 2008 could have been partially avoided by Iceland through observing the warning signs. Iceland experienced the harshest consequences from the financial crisis in the Western world, such as the total collapse of its banking sector. This article compares the prelude of Iceland's financial crisis to the Scandinavian one, less than 20 years ago, providing an understanding of the sources of the crisis and its impact. Results show that signs of overexpansion in Iceland were clear and numerous. Iceland's structural weaknesses resemble many other badly hit countries, simply more extreme. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increased uterine artery pulsatility index at 34 weeks and outcome of pregnancy
Authors: Maroni E. , Youssef A. , Arcangeli T. , Nanni M. , De Musso F. , Contro E. , Kuleva M. , Bellussi F. , Pilu G. , Rizzo N. , Ghi T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate pregnancy outcome in patients with increased uterine artery (UtA) pulsatility at 34 weeks' gestation as an isolated finding.MethodsNormotensive women attending at 34 weeks' gestation for fetal growth assessment were enrolled in the study if fetal growth was appropriate for age and mean UtA pulsatility index (PI) was persistently above the 95th centile for gestational age. Patients were excluded with any of the following conditions: multiple pregnancy, sonographic suspicion of fetal anomaly or fetal growth restriction, history of chronic maternal disease, hypertensive disorder or diabetes in the current pregnancy or one or more adverse events in their past obstetric history. The control group consisted of age‐ and body mass index‐matched low‐risk women attending at 34 weeks with normal uterine artery Doppler since the midtrimester.ResultsSixty‐six normotensive patients with normal fetal growth and increased UtA‐PI at 34 weeks were included in the study group. Women with abnormal Doppler findings compared with controls showed significantly lower gestational age at delivery (38.2 ± 1.6 vs. 38.9 ± 1.3 weeks, P = 0.006), birth weight (2942 ± 583 vs. 3404 ± 469 g, P < 0.001), birth‐weight Z‐score (−0.61 ± 1.07 vs. 0.19 ± 1.05, P < 0.001) and increased risk of a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) newborn (13/66 vs. 1/66, P < 0.001). The occurrence of late pre‐eclampsia (3/66 vs. 0/66, P = 0.24), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (6/66 vs. 4/66, P = 0.74), rate of induction of labor (16/66 vs. 14/66, P = 0.83) and rate of Cesarean section due to fetal distress (6/66 vs. 3/66, P = 0.49) were comparable between the two groups.ConclusionIncreased UtA‐PI as an isolated finding at 34 weeks' gestation is associated with an increased risk of delivering an SGA neonate. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the atmospheric stability and wind profiles at two wind farm sites over a long marine fetch in the North Sea
Authors: Sathe Ameya , Gryning Sven‐Erik , Peña Alfredo 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTA comparison of the atmospheric stability and wind profiles using data from meteorological masts located near two wind farm sites in the North Sea, Egmond aan Zee (up to 116 m) in the Dutch North Sea and Horns Rev (HR; up to 45 m) in the Danish North Sea, is presented. Only the measurements that represent long marine fetch are considered. It was observed that within a long marine fetch, the conditions in the North Sea are dominated by unstable [41% at Egmond aan Zee Offshore Wind Farm (OWEZ) and 33% at HR] and near‐neutral conditions (49% at OWEZ and 47% at HR), and stable conditions (10% at OWEZ and 20% at HR) occur for a limited period. The logarithmic wind profiles with the surface‐layer stability correction terms and Charnock's roughness model agree with the measurements at both sites in all unstable and near‐neutral conditions. An extended wind profile valid for the entire boundary layer is compared with the measurements. For the tall mast at Egmond aan Zee, it was found that for stable conditions, the scaling of the wind profiles with respect to boundary‐layer height is necessary, and the addition of another length scale parameter is preferred. At the lower mast at HR, the effect was not noticeable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SMN in spinal muscular atrophy and snRNP biogenesis
Authors: Coady Tristan H. , Lorson Christian L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRibonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes function in nearly every facet of cellular activity. The spliceosome is an essential RNP that accurately identifies introns and catalytically removes the intervening sequences, providing exquisite control of spatial, temporal, and developmental gene expressions. U‐snRNPs are the building blocks for the spliceosome. A significant amount of insight into the molecular assembly of these essential particles has recently come from a seemingly unexpected area of research: neurodegeneration. Survival motor neuron (SMN) performs an essential role in the maturation of snRNPs, while the homozygous loss of SMN1 results in the development of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a devastating neurodegenerative disease. In this review, the function of SMN is examined within the context of snRNP biogenesis and evidence is examined which suggests that the SMN functional defects in snRNP biogenesis may account for the motor neuron pathology observed in SMA. WIREs RNA 2011 2 546–564 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.76This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Synthesis and Properties of Complexes with Unusual {MnIII4} and {MnII4} Cages
Authors: Hołyńska Małgorzata , Pietzonka Clemens , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTwo types of manganese complexes with [Mn4] cores featuring the unusual distorted cube topology are presented, the first of which comprises new modifications of the reported complex [MnIII4(sao)4(saoH)4]·3CHCl3: [Mn4(sao)4(saoH)4]·1.32(C4H10O)·0.43(CH4O) (1a) and [Mn(sao)4(saoH)4]·0.5(CH4O)·0.5(C2H3N) (1b) sao = salicylaldoxime. The second, 0.55[Mn4Cl4(C12H9N2O)4(CH3OH)2(H2O)2]·0.45[Mn4Cl4(C12H9N2O)4(CH3OH)4] (2), is the first reported case of a {MnII4} core of this topology besides known {MnIII4} compounds. Differences between the {MnII4} and {MnIII4} situation are discussed, and so far overlooked differences in magnetic properties between different {MnIII4} compounds are pointed out.
Synthesis and Characterization of Guanidinium Difluoroiodate, [C(NH2)3]+[IF2O2]– and its Evaluation as an Ingredient in Agent Defeat Weapons‡
Authors: Fischer Dennis , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAmmonium and guanidinium difluoroiodate(V), [NH4]+[IF2O2]– (1a) and [C(NH2)3]+[IF2O2]– (1b), and diazidoglyoxime, [N3C=N–OH]2 (2) were synthesized and the molecular structures in the solid state of 1b and 2 were elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. 1b: P$\bar{1}$, a = 6.6890(5), b = 10.2880(6), c = 10.30.92(8) Å, α = 105.447(6), β = 108.568(7), γ = 91.051(5)°, V = 644.08(8) Å3, ρ = 2.650 g·cm–3; 2: P21/n, a = 4.4211(3), b = 13.7797(9), c = 4.9750(3) Å, β = 98.735(6), V = 299.57(3) Å3, ρ = 1.886 g·cm–3. The suitability of compounds 1a and 1b as active ingredients for agent defeat weapons (ADW) with biocidal activity has been shown in detonation tests using geobacillus stearothermophilus spores. In addition, a complete energetic characterization of the promising primary explosive 2 is given.
Über das magnetische Verhalten der Nioboxyde
Authors: Brauer G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEs werden die molaren Susceptibilitäten im System Nb‐O zwischen Nb und Nb2O5 bestimmt. Ihr Verlauf mit der Zusammensetzung ist mit den röntgenographisch ermittelten Phasengrenzen des Systems in Einklang. Im Gebiet zwischen Nb2O5 und NbO2 können nach dem magnetischen Verhalten Aussagen über die Konstitution gemacht werden.
Einwertige Aluminiumverbindungen III): Niedere Halogenide des Aluminiums
Authors: Klemm W. , Voss E. , Geiersberger K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEs wurde der Nachweis geführt, daβ alle Halogene Subverbindungen des Aluminiums der Formel AlX bilden. In dem temperatur‐ (und vermutlich auch druck‐) abhängigen Gleichgewicht über geschmolzenem Aluminium‐Metall nimmt mit steigender Temperatur der Monohalogenid‐Gehalt auf Kosten des Trihalogenids zu. Beim Kondensieren zerfallen die Subhalogenide in Metall und Trihalogenid. Von Eisen und anderen Bestandteilen von Aluminium‐Legierungen läβt sich das Aluminium durch Verflüchtigung als Subhalogenid leicht abtrennen.
Über binäre Systeme aus Halogeniden II): Das Verhalten von NaCI, KCI, RbCI, NaJ und KJ zu den entsprechenden Magnesiumhalogeniden
Authors: Klemn Wilhelm , Beyersdorfer Kurt , Oryschkewitsch Jareslau 
Published: February 2011

Abstract1. Das System NaCl/MgCl2 wird nachgeprüft und die Zusammensetzung der Verbindungen als NaMgCl3 und Na2MgCl4 sichergestellt.2. Das System KCl/MgCl2 wird thermoanalytisch und röntgenographisch untersucht; es treten die kongruent schmelzenden Verbindungen KMgCl2 und K2MgCl4 auf.3. Eine vorläufige Untersuchung des Systems RbCl/MgCl3 ergab die Existenz der kongruent schmelzenden Verbindungen RbMgCl3 und Rb2MgCl4.4. NaJ bildet mit MgJ2 Mischkristalle, vermutlich mit schmaler Lücke; bei tiefen Temperaturen tritt Entmischung ein.5. KJ bildet mit MgJ2 ein eutektisches System.6. Die Faktoren, die zu den verschiedenen Arten von Systemen führen, werden besprochen.
Die Löslichkeit des Kobaltxanthates in organischen Lösungsmittein und ihre analytische Anwendung
Authors: Kutzelnigg Artur 
Published: February 2011

AbstractKobaltxanthat ist in einer Anzahl organischer Lösungsmittel mit grüner Farbe löslich. Gute Lösungsmittel sind gechlorte und aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, die besten Methylenchlorid und Cyclohexanon. In bestimmten Lösungsmittelgemischen treten starke Abweichungen von der Additivität auf. Die grünen Kobaltxanthat‐Lösungen ermöglichen den Nachweis, die kolorimetrische Bestimmung und die Trennung des Kobalts von anderen Metallen.
Selen‐organische Verbindungen
Authors: Brisntzinger H. , Pfannstiel K. , Vogel H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSelenchlorid ‐ SeCl2 ‐ ist nach der bisherigen Auffassung nur als dampfförmiges Dissoziationsprodukt von Selentetrachlorid existenzfähig:Auf Grund unserer Überlegungen müβte Selendichlorid aber auch dadurch entstehen, daβ man Selen zu Selentetrachlorid fügt:Gibt man schwarzes, metallisches Selen zum Selentetrachlorid, so erfolgt keine Reaktion, das schwarze Selen ist als stabile Selenmodifikation mit geringem Energieinhalt offenbar zu reaktionsträge. Mit dem viel reaktionsfähigeren gefällten, roten Selen, das einen wesentlich höheren Energieinhalt als das schwarze Selen hat, tritt aber das Selentetrachlorid in Reaktion.Über die Reaktion der Selentetrahalogenide mit rotem Selen wird später ausführlich berichtet werden.Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Auswertung der Umsetzung von Selentetrachlorid mit rotem Selen für die Darstellung organischer Selenide, die vorzugsweise durch die Einwirkung von 1,2‐Dichloräthylen oder von Vinylchlorid auf Selendichlorid erhalten wurden. Aus den so gewonnenen Verbindungen Se(CHCl‐CHCl2)2, Se(CH2‐CHCl2)2 und Cl2CH‐CH2‐Se‐Cl wurden durch Halogenwasserstoffabspaltung unter verschiedenen Bedingungen sowie durch Halogenierung die verschiedenartigsten Derivate dargestellt.Selenocyanide wurden sowohl durch die Einwirkung von Kaliumeyanid auf Alkylselenhalogenide als auch durch die Umsetzung von Alkylbromiden mit Kaliumselenocyanid erhalten.Alkylselentribromide wurden durch Bromieren der Alkylselenocyanide gewonnen.Durch die Einwirkung von Feuchtigkeit bei tiefer Temperatur auf Alkylselentrichloride, am besten gleich bei deren Bildung, entstehen Alkylselenin‐säurechlorhydrate.
Über die Störungen an Graphitanoden bei der elektrolytischen Fluordarstellung
Authors: RÜdorff Walter , Hofmann Ulrich , RÜdorff Gerda , Endell Joachim , Ruess Gerhard 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBei der Elektrolyse von KHF2 an Graphit‐ und Kohleanoden treten an der Anode Störungen auf, die durch die Reaktion des Fluors mit dem Anodenmaterial hervorgerufen werden. Es sind dies die Alterungserscheinungen und der Anodeneffekt.Die Alterungserscheinungen haben ihre Ursache in der durch HF katalysierten Bildung von Kohlenstoffmonofluorid, (CF)x. Dieses kann durch Abbrennen, d. h. durch Elektrolyse bei der hohen Spannung des Anodeneffekts (40‐50 V) entfernt werden, wodurch die Alterungserscheinungen aufgehoben werden.Beim Anodeneffekt, (AE), verbrennt das Fluor mit der Anode zu Kohlenstofffluoriden. Die während des AE an den aufsteigenden Gasblasen zu beobachtende Leuchterscheinung rührt von der bei der Verbrennung freiwerdenden Wärme her. Durch die Reaktion des Fluors mit dem Kohlenstoff der Anode wird die Oberfläche der Anode wie mit einem feinen Hobel poliert und nimmt ein spiegelnd glänzendes Aussehen an.Der Eintritt des AE wird wesentlich durch Unebenheiten der Anodenoberfläche begünstigt. Elektroden, deren Oberfläche durch den AE glänzend poliert sind, sind bei der weiteren Elektrolyse besonders widerstandsfähig gegen das Auftreten des AE.Wahrscheinlich wird der AE durch das Einsetzen der Verbrennung der Anode zu flüchtigen C‐Fluoriden ausgelöst.
Use of the new ultrasonically curved shear in pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary cancer
Authors: Satoi Sohei , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Toyokawa Hideyoshi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo examine whether the use of the new ultrasonically curved shear (UCS) can reduce the number of surgical stitches, extent of blood loss, and operation time in (pylorus‐preserving) pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for periampullary cancer.MethodsThe study population comprised 26 consecutive patients who underwent PD for periampullary cancer. Intraoperative data, including number of stitches used, was prospectively collected. Results from 13 patients who underwent conventional PD (Group A) were compared with those from 13 patients who underwent PD using UCS (Group B).ResultsThere were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two patient groups. The extent of blood loss in Group B was significantly less than in Group A (p < 0.0001). Although there was no difference in total operation time, the time spent on hilar lymph node dissection was significantly shorter in Group B patients than in Group A patients (p = 0.0189). The number of surgical stitches used was significantly less in Group B patients than in Group A patients (p < 0.0001). There were no incidences of post‐pancreatectomy hemorrhage.ConclusionThe use of the new UCS was safe and associated with the economical benefit of fewer surgical stitches as well as reduced blood loss.
Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: rationale for multidisciplinary treatment
Authors: Takahashi Shinichiro , Kinoshita Taira , Konishi Masaru , Gotohda Naoto , Kato Yuichiro , Kinoshita Takahiro , Kobayashi Tatsushi , Mitsunaga Syuichi , Nakachi Kohei , Ikeda Masafumi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundBorderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) appears to be most frequently related to a positive surgical margin and has a poor prognosis after resection. However, few reports are available on differences in tumor characteristics and prognoses among resectable pancreatic cancer (PC), BRPC, and unresectable PC.MethodsRecords of 133 patients resected for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 185 patients treated as locally advanced PC (LAPC) were reviewed.ResultsTwenty‐four patients who initially underwent resection (BRPC‐s) and 10 patients who were initially treated as LAPC (BRPC‐n) met the criteria for BRPC. Prognosis of BRPC was significantly better than that of unresectable PC, but was significantly worse than that of resectable PC. BRPC‐s showed more frequent nerve plexus invasion (p < 0.01), portal vein invasion (p < 0.01), and loco‐regional recurrence (p = 0.03) than resectable PC. The positive surgical margin rate was not significantly higher in BRPC‐s (29%) than in resectable PC (19%) (p = 0.41).ConclusionsBRPC had a poorer prognosis with more local failure than resectable PC although prognosis of BRPC was significantly better than that of unresectable PC. Considering the tumor and treatment characteristics, multidisciplinary treatment including resection is required for BRPC.
Nociceptive input from the rat thoracolumbar fascia to lumbar dorsal horn neurones
Authors: Hoheisell Ulrich , Taguchil Toru , Treedel Rolf‐Detlef , Mensel Siegfried 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn anaesthetised rats, systematic electrophysiological recordings from dorsal horn neurones in spinal segments Th13–L5 were made to obtain information about the spinal nociceptive processing from the lumbar thoracolumbar fascia. Six to fourteen percent of the neurones in the spinal segments Th13–L2 had nociceptive input from the thoracolumbar fascia in naïve animals, no neurones responsive to input from the lumbar fascia were found in segments L3–L5. The segmental location of the receptive fields in the fascia was shifted 2–4 segments caudally relative to the spinal segment recorded from. Most neurones were convergent in that they received additional input from other deep somatic tissues in the low back (87%) and from the skin in the abdominal wall or the proximal leg (50%). The proportion of neurones responsive to input from the thoracolumbar fascia rose significantly from 4% to 15% (P <0.05) in animals with an experimentally‐induced inflammation of a low back muscle (multifidus). Moreover, neurones in spinal segment L3 – that did not receive input from the fascia in normal animals—responded to fascia input in animals with inflamed muscle. The data suggest that the nociceptive input from the thoracolumbar fascia contributes to the pain in low back pain patients.
Is it appropriate to routinely use a nucleic acid amplification test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis?
Authors: Lin Chih‐Bin , Chou Hsu‐Wen , Lin Wei‐Chiao , Lin Teng‐Yi , Lin Tao‐Ping , Luh Kwen‐Tay , Lee Jen‐Jyh 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the usefulness of the nucleic acid amplification (NAA) test against conventional tests under normal laboratory operational conditions. The NAA test was performed on the first sputum specimen of all patients. Liquid media culture, solid media culture, and Ziehl–Neelsen stain for an acid‐fast bacilli (AFB) smear were performed on three sputum specimens. The results were calculated using the gold standard of either the culture results or the clinical diagnosis. Of the 593 patients tested, 151 (25.5%) were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. The sensitivity of the first specimen only was 64% for the NAA test, 54% for the AFB smear, 77% for BACTEC MGIT 960 culture, 40% for Lowestain‐Jensen (LJ) culture, and 25% for 7H11 culture. The sensitivity when using all three specimens increased to 63% for AFB smear, 87% for BACTEC MGIT 960 culture, 51% for LJ culture, and 40% for 7H11 culture. The specificity was 100% for all culture tests, 99% for the AFB smear, and 99.5% for NAA test. The mean turnaround time was 1.34 days for NAA, 0.59 days for AFB smear, 11 days for BACTEC MGIT 960 culture, 23 days for LJ culture, and 20 days for 7H11 culture. We conclude that the sensitivity of NAA is still far from ideal, and the test is not cost effective. Thus, the COBAS AMPLICOR PCR system is not suitable for routine use in microbiology laboratories.