bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon Layers under Ion Irradiation: Orientation Dependence
Authors: Maher D. M. , Elliman R. G. , Linnros J. , Williams J. S. , Knoell R. V. , Brown W. L. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIon-beam induced epitaxial crystallization of thin amorphous silicon layers at {100} and {110} crystalline/amorphous interfaces exhibits no orientation dependencies, whereas at a {111} crystalline/amorphous interface a weak orientation dependency relative to thermal-induced epitaxial crystallization is observed. This behavior supports an interpretation in which the thermal crystallization process is dominated by the need to form interfacial defects and/or growth sites and in the ion-beam experiment this formation process ocurrs athermally. It is thought that the observed orientation dependent regrowth on a {111} substrate relative to a {100} (or {110}) substrate is associated with the special correlated atomic sequencing which is believed to control solid-phase epitaxial crystallization at a {111) crystalline/amorphous interface.
Using Health Information Exchange to Improve Public Health
Authors: Shapiro Jason S. , Mostashari Farzad , Hripcsak George , Soulakis Nicholas , Kuperman Gilad 
Published: March 2011

Public health relies on data reported by health care partners, and information technology makes such reporting easier than ever. However, data are often structured according to a variety of different terminologies and formats, making data interfaces complex and costly.As one strategy to address these challenges, health information organizations (HIOs) have been established to allow secure, integrated sharing of clinical information among numerous stakeholders, including clinical partners and public health, through health information exchange (HIE). We give detailed descriptions of 11 typical cases in which HIOs can be used for public health purposes.We believe that HIOs, and HIE in general, can improve the efficiency and quality of public health reporting, facilitate public health investigation, improve emergency response, and enable public health to communicate information to the clinical community.
Surviving Drug Addiction: The Effect of Treatment and Abstinence on Mortality
Authors: Scott Christy K. , Dennis Michael L. , Laudet Alexandre , Funk Rodney R. , Simeone Ronald S. 
Published: March 2011

Objectives. We examined the relationships between substance abuse treatment, abstinence, and mortality in a sample of individuals entering treatment. We also estimated overall mortality rates and the extent to which they varied according to demographic, clinical severity, and treatment variables. Methods. We used data from a 9-year longitudinal study of 1326 adults entering substance abuse treatment on the west side of Chicago, of whom 131 died (11.0 per 1000 person-years). Baseline predictors, initial and long-term treatment response, and substance use patterns were used to predict mortality rates and time to mortality. Results. Older age, health problems, and substance use were associated with an increased risk of mortality, and higher percentages of time abstinent and longer durations of continuous abstinence were associated with a reduced risk of mortality. Treatment readmission in the first 6 months after baseline was related to an increased likelihood of abstinence, whereas readmission after 6 months was related to a decreased likelihood of abstinence, suggesting that treatment timing is significant. Conclusions. Our findings suggest the need to shift the addiction treatment field from an acute care model to a chronic disease management paradigm and the need for more aggressive screening, intervention, and addiction management over time.
Characterizing Medical Providers for Jail Inmates in New York State
Authors: Shalev Noga , Chiasson Mary Ann , Dobkin Jay F. , Lee Gunjeong 
Published: March 2011

Objectives. People who are incarcerated exhibit high rates of disease, but data evaluating the delivery of medical services to inmates are sparse, particularly for jail settings. We sought to characterize the primary medical care providers for county jail inmates in New York State. Methods. From 2007 through 2009, we collected data on types of medical care providers for jail inmates in all New York State counties. We obtained data from state monitoring programs and e-mail questionnaires sent to county departments of health. Results. In counties outside New York City (n = 57), jail medical care was delivered by local providers in 40 counties (70%), correctional medical corporations in 8 counties (14%), and public providers in 9 counties (16%). In New York City, 90% of inmates received medical care from a correctional medical corporation. Larger, urban jails, with a greater proportion of Black and Hispanic inmates, tended to use public hospitals or correctional medical corporations as health care vendors. Conclusions. Jail medical services in New York State were heterogeneous and decentralized, provided mostly by local physician practices and correctional medical corporations. There was limited state oversight and coordination of county jail medical care.
Social Network Analysis of Patient Sharing Among Hospitals in Orange County, California
Authors: Lee Bruce Y. , McGlone Sarah M. , Song Yeohan , Avery Taliser R. , Eubank Stephen , Chang Chung-Chou , Bailey Rachel R. , Wagener Diane K. , Burke Donald S. , Platt Richard , Huang Susan S. 
Published: March 2011

Objectives. We applied social network analyses to determine how hospitals within Orange County, California, are interconnected by patient sharing, a system which may have numerous public health implications.Methods. Our analyses considered 2 general patient-sharing networks: uninterrupted patient sharing (UPS; i.e., direct interhospital transfers) and total patient sharing (TPS; i.e., all interhospital patient sharing, including patients with intervening nonhospital stays). We considered these networks at 3 thresholds of patient sharing: at least 1, at least 10, and at least 100 patients shared.Results. Geographically proximate hospitals were somewhat more likely to share patients, but many hospitals shared patients with distant hospitals. Number of patient admissions and percentage of cancer patients were associated with greater connectivity across the system. The TPS network revealed numerous connections not seen in the UPS network, meaning that direct transfers only accounted for a fraction of total patient sharing.Conclusions. Our analysis demonstrated that Orange County's 32 hospitals were highly and heterogeneously interconnected by patient sharing. Different hospital populations had different levels of influence over the patient-sharing network.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Promotes Pancreatic β-Cell Survival via Fak-Akt Signaling Pathways
Authors: Daval Marie , Gurlo Tatyana , Costes Safia , Huang Chang-jiang , Butler Peter C. 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulatory subunit-associated protein 1-like 1 has recently been linked to type 2 diabetes by genome-wide association studies. While CDK5 and its regulatory protein p35 are both expressed and display enzymatic activity in pancreatic β-cells, their precise role in the β-cell remains unknown. Because type 2 diabetes is characterized by a deficit in β-cell mass and increased β-cell apoptosis, we investigated the role of CDK5 in β-cell survival.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used INS 832/13 cells, rat islets isolated from wild-type or human islet amyloid polypeptide (h-IAPP) transgenic rats, and pancreatic tissue from rats and humans with and without type 2 diabetes and investigated the effect of CDK5/p35 inhibition (by small interfering RNA or by chemical inhibition) as well as CDK5/p35 overexpression on β-cell vulnerability to apoptosis.

RESULTS
CDK5 inhibition led to increased β-cell apoptosis. To identify the mechanisms involved, we examined the phosphorylation state of focal adhesion kinase (Fak)Ser732, a known target of CDK5. Following CDK5 inhibition, the phosphorylation of FakSer732 decreased with resulting attenuation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt survival pathway. Conversely, CDK5 overexpression increased FakSer732 phosphorylation and protected β-cells against apoptosis induced by the inhibition of the β-1 integrin signaling pathway. Also, FakSer732 phosphorylation was less abundant in β-cells in both h-IAPP transgenic rats and humans with type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that by regulating Fak phosphorylation and subsequently PI3K/Akt survival pathway, CDK5 plays a previously unrecognized role in promoting β-cell survival.
Partial Inhibition of Insulin Secretion Results in Glucose Intolerance but Not Hyperglucagonemia
Authors: Ramanathan Ranjani P. , Arbeláez Ana María , Cryer Philip E. 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE
We tested the hypotheses that in nondiabetic individuals, partial inhibition of insulin secretion with the ATP-sensitive K+ channel agonist (opener) diazoxide, compared with placebo, results in higher plasma glucose and higher plasma glucagon concentrations after a mixed meal and after administration of the sulfonylurea glimepiride.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon concentrations were measured every 30 min from −60 through 180 min with random-sequence, double-blind administration of diazoxide (6.0 mg/kg) or placebo at −30 and 1 min, ingestion of a formula mixed meal (Ensure Plus) at 0 min after diazoxide and after placebo and, on a separate occasion, ingestion of glimepiride (4.0 mg) at 0 min (with glucose infused to prevent hypoglycemia) after diazoxide and after placebo in 11 healthy young adults.

RESULTS
With diazoxide administration, insulin (P = 0.0016) and C-peptide (P = 0.0287) concentrations were decreased and glucose concentrations were increased (e.g., 180-min values of 106 ± 4 mg/dL [5.9 ± 0.2 mmol/L] compared with 87 ± 2 mg/dL [4.8 ± 0.1 mmol/L] with placebo; P &lt; 0.0001), but glucagon concentrations were no different after the mixed meal. Similarly, with diazoxide, C-peptide concentrations were decreased (P = 0.0015) and glucose concentrations were increased (P &lt; 0.0001), but glucagon concentrations declined similarly after glimepiride administration.

CONCLUSIONS
Partial inhibition of insulin secretion results in impairment of glucose tolerance after a mixed meal and after glimepiride administration in the absence of a difference in glucagon secretion. They underscore the primary glucoregulatory role of insulin and support the evidence that β-cell secretion is not the only regulator of α-cell glucagon secretion.
Sperm Transfer Through the Vector Tissue in Piscicola Respirans (Clitellata, Hirudinea, Piscicolidae)
Authors: ŚwiĄtek Piotr , Świder Anna , Bielecki Aleksander 
Published: March 2011

Sperm Transfer Through the Vector Tissue in Piscicola Respirans (Clitellata, Hirudinea, Piscicolidae)
In fish leeches (Piscicolidae) indirect (hypodermic) insemination has evolved, thus the spermatophores are released in the specialised region of the body wall known as a copulatory area or a copulatory region. The way in which the spermatozoa reach the ovaries is not fully understood. In piscicolids beneath the copulatory area there is a specialized connective tissue (vector tissue), which is thought to guide the spermatozoa toward the ovaries. To date the structure of the vector tissue has not been observed in copulating specimens, which have spermatophores implanted in their coplulatory area. Here we present the first ultrastructural observation of massive sperm transfer from the spermatophore throughout the vector tissue to the ovaries. Our results show that the sperm transfer is both massive and rapid. The migrating spermatozoa form huge aggregations which push aside the vector tissue cells, in such a way that between these cells voluminous gaps are formed. Unexpectedly to our previous suggestions, the ultrastructural pictures show that the long cytoplasmic processes of granular cells, which constitute the main mass of the vector tissue, are not engaged in sperm transport. We suggest that the sperm is pumped with a high pressure from the spermatophore into the vector tissue, and as a result the vector tissue cells are pushed aside and spermatozoa can freely pass between them.
Morphology and Morphometry of Caeca in the Tufted Duck Aythya Fuligula
Authors: Działa-Szczepańczyk Ewa , Charuta Anna 
Published: March 2011

Morphology and Morphometry of Caeca in the Tufted Duck Aythya Fuligula
In this study, we examined the caeca of 44 individuals of Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula): 29 males (23 adult and 6 young) and 15 females (8 adult and 7 young). We analyzed the correlations between lengths of left (CLL) and right (CRL) caeca vs. the dimensions of the bird's body: body weight (BW), body length (BL), sternum length (SL) and tarsus length (TL), in relation to the sex of the animals. We also analyzed the asymmetry of caeca and determined its direction and strength, using a fluctuating asymmetry coefficient. Despite the observed sexual dimorphism in the body size, we found neither sex-related differences in the length of caeca, nor any significant correlation between the CLL and CRL vs. body size (BW, BL, SL, TL). 42 birds (94.5%) were asymmetrical with respect to the length of caeca, and in 37 (84.1%) the left caecum was longer. The fluctuating asymmetry coefficient for the length of these organs in the examined group was 0.413.
Metameric Malformations of Opisthosoma in Tegenaria Atrica (Araneae, Agelenidae)
Authors: Templin Julita , JacunAski Lech , Napiórkowska Teresa 
Published: March 2011

Metameric Malformations of Opisthosoma in Tegenaria Atrica (Araneae, Agelenidae)
The opisthosoma of Tegenaria atrica is characterized by a high morphological stability, as it is exceptionally resistant to the teratogenic effect of most abiotic factors except temperature. The least frequent opisthosomal anomalies found in our experimental material were disturbances in the colouring of opisthosoma. Another rare anomaly was the elongation of the postspinneret zone of the opisthosoma, resembling the postabdomen of other arachnids. The occurrence of a much narrower elongation, sometimes with traces of segmentation, resembling the postabdomen the advanced spider, can be interpreted as a specific atavism. An equally rare anomaly was the presence of two independent anal orifices in the postspinneret zone. All the above-described anomalies appear extremely rarely, and some of them are related to the atavistic characteristics observed in the spiders' ontogeny.
Fish Parasites as Quality Indicators of Aquatic Environment
Authors: Dzika Ewa , Wyżlic Iwona 
Published: March 2011

Fish Parasites as Quality Indicators of Aquatic Environment
Much research conducted during the last decades has shown that fish parasites are suitable indicators of aquatic environmental quality. They are sensitive to different kinds of pollution such as heavy metals, pesticides, oil-bearing substances, industrial and agricultural wastes and also thermal pollution.
Tilling and Fox-Hunting: New Methods for Functional Analysis of Genes
Authors: Rybka Krystyna 
Published: March 2011

Summary Theoretical and experimental bases of TILLING and FOX-hunting, new tools for precise identification of genes in functional studies are reviewed. TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) is a technique combining chemical mutagenesis with its sensitive and precise detection. The method involves PCR amplification of DNA samples pooled following extraction from a collection of chemically-treated organisms and a subsequent screening for mutations using Cel1 endonuclease, detecting mismatches in heteroduplexes [52]. FOX-hunting (Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressing gene hunting system) is a new method of plant gene overexpression, which enables a quick gene isolation and sequencing, paralelly with functional studies.
Tempering Temperature Effects on Hardness and Impact Toughness of 56NiCrMo7 Steel
Authors: Dąbrowski R. , Dziurka R. 
Published: March 2011

Tempering Temperature Effects on Hardness and Impact Toughness of 56NiCrMo7 Steel
The assessment of the effect of tempering temperature on hardness and impact toughness of a 56NiCrMo7 grade hot work tool steel was presented in the paper. It has been found that the investigated steel, after quenching in oil from 800°C, softens quite slowly upon tempering within the range between 100 and 675°C, which was confirmed not only by hardness measurements but also by observed changes occurring in its microstructure, whereas the impact energy (KV) absorbed by the test specimen increases with temperature, achieving >66J after tempering at 675°C. The changes observed in the character of the fracture surfaces allows of interpretation of the impact test results for the whole range of tempering temperatures.
Lichen flora of Žumberak-Samoborsko gorje Nature Park, NW Croatia
Authors: Partl Anamarija 
Published: March 2011

Lichen flora of Žumberak-Samoborsko gorje Nature Park, NW Croatia
During 2007 and 2008 epiphytic and terrestrial lichen communities were surveyed in the Žumberak-Samoborsko gorje Nature Park (NW Croatia); 84 taxa were recorded including, Lecanora thysanophora, which was new to Croatia, and four, Bryoria fuscescens, Lobaria pulmonaria, Usnea subfloridana and Usnea hirta, which are red data species in Croatia.
Orchid diversity of the cape of Kamenjak (Istria, Croatia)
Authors: Vuković Nina , Brana Slavko , Mitić Božena 
Published: March 2011

Orchid diversity of the cape of Kamenjak (Istria, Croatia)
Twentytwo taxa have been recorded in the south of Istrian peninsula (north Adriatic coast, Croatia). The research was performed in the period 2003-2004. A great majority of taxa belong to Euri-Mediterranean (seven taxa, 41.18%) and Steno-Mediterranean (six taxa, 35.29%) floral elements. Eurasiatic (two taxa, 11.76%), Atlantic (one taxa, 5.88%) and endemic (one taxon, 5.88%) plants were also present. Almost a half of recorded orchids are abundant or frequent. The most of taxa are endangered s.l.; nine vulnerable (VU) plants (52.94%), and one species endangered s.s. (EN) (5.88%). There are also near threatened (NT) (two taxa, 11.76%), and data deficient (DD) (one taxon, 5.88%) plants, while others have no category assigned (four taxa, 23.53%).
Mericarp micromorphology and anatomy of Salvia hedgeana Dönmez, S. huberi Hedge and S. rosifolia Sm. (section Salvia Hedge, Lamiaceae)
Authors: Büyükkartal Hatice , Kahraman Ahmet , Çölgeçen Hatice , Doğan Musa , Karabacak Ersin 
Published: March 2011

Mericarp micromorphology and anatomy ofSalvia hedgeanaDönmez,S. huberiHedge andS. rosifoliaSm. (sectionSalviaHedge, Lamiaceae)Mericarp (nutlet) micromorphology and pericarp structure of three morphologically similar endemicSalviaspecies;Salvia hedgeana, S. huberiandS. rosifoliawere investigated using LM, SEM and TEM.Salvia hedgeanahas larger mericarps and abscission scars thanS. huberiandS. rosifolia. Mericarp length to width ratio ranges from 1.11 inS. hedgeanato 1.60 inS. huberi. Mericarp shape is mainly ovoid, rarely broadly ovoid inS. hedgeana, and oblong inS. huberi. The mericarp surface sculpturing pattern in all species is colliculate. However, exocarp cells are pentangular-hexangular inS. hedgeana, irregular inS. huberiand rounded and smaller inS. rosifolia. InSalvia huberianticlinal walls are undulate whereas inS. hedgeanaandS. rosifoliaanticlinal walls are straight.Salvia hedgeanawas distinguished from the others by the thickest pericarp (146-185 μm). The sclerenchymatous region significantly varied between the species. It was 84-99 μm inS. hedgeana, 56-82 μm inS. huberiand 27-61 μm inS. rosifolia. The mesocarp was also thicker inS. hedgeana. The wetted mericarps produced mucilage, butS. huberidiffered from the others in having translucent-milky white opaque mucilage with fibres or radiating cordons.
Cytochemical and ultrastructural observations of anthers and pollen grains in Lathyrus undulatus Boiss
Authors: Vardar Filiz , Ünal Meral 
Published: March 2011

Cytochemical and ultrastructural observations of anthers and pollen grains inLathyrus undulatusBoissInLathyrus undulatusBoiss. (Fabaceae), the young microspore stage of anther development was characterized by the enlarged secretory tapetal cells, which presented an intense reaction with regard to protein, insoluble polysaccharides and lipids. At bicellular pollen stage, the middle layer and the tapetum degenerated. After degradation of the tapetum, epidermis and single row U-shaped endothecium existed in the mature anther wall, and pollen grains remained in the locus. Young microspores had a spherical and centrally located nucleus with one or two nucleoli, many spherical lipid bodies and starchy plastids. A mature pollen grain contains insoluble polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and calcium. The mature pollen had the following morphological characteristics: 3-zonocolporate, prolate, tectate (imperforate) type of exine and perforate type of structure. The intine formed an important constituent portion of the wall, and consisted two sublayers: an outer intine (exintine) and an inner intine (endintine). The well-defined exine was made up of lipoidal substances and protein, but the intine composed of insoluble polysaccharides and protein. The bicellular state of the pollen grains persisted to anthesis.
Process Centerless Recess Grinding
Authors: Malík Andrej , Görög Augustín 
Published: March 2011

Process Centerless Recess Grinding
The article deals with special centerless grinding using various methods, particularly the centerless grinding recess methods. The results of measuring the surface roughness of frontal and cylindrical areas of a workpiece, as well as the roundness of the cylindrical surface of the workpiece are presented in the paper. Qualitative parameters of the machined surfaces are supplemented by the course of the grinding process. The change in the shape of the workpiece in the process of grinding causes also the change of position of the workpiece in the work zone.
Selection of Materials and Technology for Forming the Layers Resistant to Abrasive Wear
Authors: Revesová Silvia , Blaškovitš Pavel 
Published: March 2011

Selection of Materials and Technology for Forming the Layers Resistant to Abrasive Wear
This article deals with the selection of materials for forming wear resistant layers within agricultural machine parts wear. We can achieve required hardness, wear resistance and life extension of agricultural machine parts and tools by the selection of a suitable material and surfacing technology.
Electron Beam Welding of Duplex Steels with using Heat Treatment
Authors: Schwarz Ladislav , Vrtochová Tatiana , Ulrich Koloman 
Published: March 2011

Electron Beam Welding of Duplex Steels with using Heat Treatment
This contribution presents characteristics, metallurgy and weldability of duplex steels with using concentrated energy source. The first part of the article describes metallurgy of duplex steels and the influence of nitrogen on their solidification. The second part focuses on weldability of duplex steels with using electron beam aimed on acceptable structure and corrosion resistance performed by multiple runs of defocused beam over the penetration weld.