bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective study on the causes of hyperbilirubinemia and its clinical markers in term and near-term newborns admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Patna, India
Authors: Kumari Manisha , Mishra Pooja 
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to investigate the root causes, prognostic factors, and therapeutic strategies for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia among term and near-term infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at IGIMS, Patna. Furthermore, the research aimed to analyze the clinical progression of these infants throughout their NICU stay.Conducted within the NICU at IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, this study encompassed term and late preterm infants admitted with serum bilirubin levels exceeding 12 mg/dl. The primary focus was on identifying risk factors, etiological factors, and the clinical profile of these infants during their NICU tenure.The study examined birth weight distribution and concurrent medical conditions. Parameters included the initiation of phototherapy based on bilirubin levels and treatment methodologies. Out of the 210 infants studied, 27.14% and 47.62% weighed between 2001 and 2500 grams. The most prevalent causes were physiological (129 cases), fetal prematurity (30 cases), birth asphyxia (7 cases), and prolonged labor (18 cases). Idiopathic causes were observed in 28 instances, ABO incompatibility in 7 cases, and Rh incompatibility in 7 cases. G6PD deficiency was identified once. At the commencement of phototherapy, 19.52% had bilirubin levels between 12 and 15 mg/dl, 58.57% between 15.1 and 18 mg/dl, 11.91% above 20 mg/dl, and 10% between 18.1 and 20 mg/dl.Physiological causes emerged as the most frequent contributors to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, followed by septicemia and idiopathic factors. Infrequent causes included blood group incompatibility. Phototherapy was established as a cost-effective and efficient method for reducing bilirubin levels in neonatal jaundice. Exchange transfusion proved to be a safe therapeutic measure in cases of severe hyperbilirubinemia. Blood group incompatibility was the main determinant requiring exchange transfusion.
A study of asymptpmatic hypoglycemia in at risk newborn babies admitted at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kamat Raksha Rohidas , Shaikhjiwala Razin , Shanmugam Gobinath , Bulsara Panna 
Published: May 2024

: Babies often have blood glucose levels that are 70% of their mothers at birth. Within an hour, it reaches its lowest point, which can be as low as 20 to 25 mg/dl. All healthy newborns experience this low point and have lower than average blood glucose levels. These are just temporary, and they gradually increase in the first few days of a newborn's life. : To determine the proportion of asymptomatic hypoglycemia in at risk newborn babies. To study plasma sugar level at various time, point during first 48hr of life and the effect of risk factor associated with asymptomatic hypoglycemia. : A Hospital-based longitudinal observational study was conducted among 303 patients at Department of Pediatrics of tertiary care Hospital during June 2021 – July 2021. : Total 159 were males and 154 were females. Among the study participants, 203(83%) cases were from Urban area, while 50(17%) were from Rural area. No. of 114(37.6%) babies had asymptomatic hypoglycemia, identified by routine screening. In total various risk factors was found in which among 29% cases had LGA, 41% had preterm and 30% had weight less than 2 kg. : Screening of at risk newborn helps in the early detection of asymptomatic hypoglycemia which will help in the prevention of adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Routine screening helped to decrease morbidity and mortality due to hypoglycemia. The first 24 hours of life is a crucial part, at - risk babies are more prone to hypoglycemia hence routine screening is recommended in high-risk babies.
Management of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy in India: A review of current practices and challenges
Authors: Zinzuwadiya Shreya Ghanshyambhai , Modi Nimesh P , Dhande Keshini S 
Published: May 2024

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a major global health concern that can lead to difficulties for both the mother and the foetus, especially in pregnant women. The physiological demand of iron during pregnancy increases threefold to support fetoplacental development and maternal adaptation to pregnancy. This study aimed to identify gaps in current IDA management, limitations of conventional oral iron therapy, and the need for effective and well-tolerated treatments.The objective of this study was to understand the gap of current treatment options in IDA management, its limitations, and possible effective strategies for better management.A questionnaire-based opinion survey involving top gynecologists across India was conducted. The survey aimed to gather data on the challenges faced with conventional oral iron therapy, the desire for a change in oral iron salts, and the preference for novel oral iron prescriptions for their patients.Data obtained from the survey showed that 82% of gynecologists and obstetricians noticed challenges with conventional oral iron therapy. 86% wanted to change the oral iron salts, and 70% would like to prescribe novel oral iron for their patients. Ferric maltol, a novel form of chelated oral iron, was introduced as a potential solution for IDA management. It has been studied in various clinical indications, such as IDA associated with inflammatory bowel disease, chronic kidney disease, and pulmonary hypertension, showing significant improvements in hemoglobin and iron indices with good tolerability throughout treatment duration.The study results demonstrate that ferric maltol is a suitable and convenient treatment option for individuals seeking long-term, convenient, and well-tolerated management of IDA.
The role of color doppler in high risk pregnancies: A prospective comparative study
Authors: Wadekar Pooja Shivaji , Sonak Mangala 
Published: May 2024

Pregnancy can be considered as the most beautiful period of a woman’s life. The recent medical advances are helpful in taking very good care of the female throughout her pregnancy. The pregnancy is constantly observed by clinical examination, laboratory investigations, and radiographic examinations at specific intervals throughout its course.To study the role of doppler ultrasound in high-risk pregnancies.This is a prospective comparative study was conducted in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Government medical college, Nagpur. The study period was 12 months. 232 patients were included in this study.In our study, 2 patients had Chronic hypertension, 2 patients had GDM, 1 patient had Gestational hypertension, 3 patients had Anaemia, 6 patients had Heart Disease, 5 patients had HIV positive,15 patients had Hypothyroidism, 2 patients had Increased BP, 1 patient had Overt DM,6 patients had Pre-eclampsia,1 patient had previous abortion, 4 patients had Rh negative, 5 patients had Sickle Cell Disease(SS) and 15 patients had Sickle Cell trait(AS). Distribution of normal doppler changes in cases according to high risk factor was statistically significant (p&#60;0.0001).In our study, NICU Admission with doppler changes was statistically significant and Association of Baby weight in cases according to doppler changes in uterine artery and Baby weight in cases according to doppler changes in umbilical artery was not statistically significant.
Endometrial thickness by ultrasonography and its correlation with histopathology in abnormal uterine bleeding among peri and post menopausal women
Authors: Jena Pramila , Mishra Priti , Panda Somya Ranjan , Panda Jyochanmati , Padhee Sourav , Rath Sibanarayan 
Published: May 2024

The endometrium constitutes a dynamic organ in female reproductive years, as it is subjected to hormonal variations in every cycle. Present study was conducted with the aim to correlate the endometrial thickness with the histopathology in the peri-menopausal females presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and to identify cut off value of endometrial thickness in order to reach at some consensus regarding when to intervene so that not a single endometrial pathology will be missed.This was an observational study conducted on 242 peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women ≥40 years of age presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).: Based on the ROC curve, the cutoff point that delineates the abnormal histology and normal histology for endometrial thickness was 14.20 mm. Area under the curve (AUC) was 0.783 with 95% CI as 0.686 - 0.880 having sensitivity 71% and specificity 90% (p &#60; 0.001). Heavy menstrual bleeding and frequent cycle were found to be commonly associated with gynecological pathology in these age groups. In all post and peri-menopausal AUB trans vaginal sonography for endometrial thickness is the initial best modality of investigation. Endometrial thickness cutoff in the range of ≥ 14 mm is of prime importance.
A comparative study on knowledge, awareness and perception of contraception among rural and urban population in Punjab
Authors: Thakur Srishti , Mohi Manjit Kaur , Pathak Nayana , Garg Nitasha 
Published: May 2024

In developing countries like India, a lack of awareness about contraceptive methods often leads to misconceptions, limited choices, and improper family planning. This knowledge gap not only disrupts maternal and child health complications but also disrupts the economy of society and the nation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, awareness and perception of contraception among the rural and urban population in Punjab.This observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at a tertiary health care centre, in Punjab, India. A total of 500 women were evaluated with the help of a pre-designed questionnaire to address knowledge, awareness, and perception of contraception among the rural and urban population in Punjab. The statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS Windows, version 28. In the present study, a total of 492 participants were included, of whom 387 were from rural areas and 105 were from urban areas. This study revealed, 100% of participants were aware of contraception. In terms of the source of information, social circles were identified as the primary channel (46.34%), followed by the media (33.94%), health workers (16.87%), and educational institutes (2.85%).This study highlights contraceptive methods, including condoms, oral contraceptives, and intrauterine devices (IUDs), as primary choices. Therefore, it's important to bridge the gap between awareness and action. Hence, this study, advocate the awareness program on interventions to ensure everyone can access effective family planning resources without barriers.
Uncovering ovarian reserve: Insights into hormones, lipids, and essential metals
Authors: Kulshrestha Rupita , Singh Shefali , Verma Juhi , Nigam Vibhav , Kulshrestha Manish Raj 
Published: May 2024

: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder prevalent in women of reproductive age group. The intricate nature of PCOS development is highlighted by fluctuations in various sex hormones, such as luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin. This study aims to assess the lipid profile levels, vital metals and sex hormones in the serum of patients with PCOS and contrast these findings with normal controls.The study analyzed health metrics between 57 women with PCOS and 57 normal controls. The lipid profile was assessed using Beckman Coulter AU480. Sex hormones were estimated using Roche Diagnostics Cobas 6000. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) was used to measure the essential trace metals, including magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu) Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn).: The PCOS patients exhibited significantly elevated levels of LH (9.52 vs 3.48, p&#60;0.0001), FSH (9.91 vs. 6.12, p&#60;0.0001) and prolactin (24.71 vs. 16.41, p=0.03) mIU/ml. The correlation study showed a significant positive correlation between AMH and Se levels (R=0.27, p=0.045) and between LH and HDL (R=0.76, p=0.030).: In patients with PCOS, LH, FSH, and prolactin levels were found to be increased. A correlation was observed between Se and AMH, and a relationship was noted between LH and HDL. Selenium appears to have a significant influence on the ovarian reserve.
Prevalence of intra-abdominal adhesions in patients undergoing repeat cesarean section: An observational retrospective study
Authors: Kiruthika T , Jayanthy T 
Published: May 2024

: To study the prevalence of intraabdominal adhesion in repeat CS and evaluate the maternal and fetal outcome.: CS is a lifesaving procedure for the mother and fetus, but have multiple complications like adhesions, abdominal pain, prolonged duration of surgery, postoperative bleeding, and identification of these can help improve maternal and fetal outcome and care.: This retrospective study reviewed 70 pregnant women undergoing repeat CS. Data was tabulated and analyzed and adhesions were scored based on a system into dense and flimsy, and its dimensions. Chi Square test was used to observe association. P-value&#60;0.05 was taken as significant.: Adhesions were noted in 30(42.9%) of the subjects and 40(57.1%) patients had no adhesions. Dense adhesions were noted in 19(27.1%) and flimsy in 11(15.7%) patients. Among those with adhesions – 6(20%) had atonic postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). No association was noted with fetal outcome. There was a statistically significant increase in duration of surgery in those with adhesions – 126.83 minutes +/- 19.85 than in those without adhesions – 82.35 minutes +/-12.82. Those patients with dense adhesions, the duration of surgery was – 132.63 minutes +/-21.88 and with flimsy adhesions – 116.82 minutes +/-82.: Repeat CS with adhesions increased the duration of surgery, increased the chances of PPH and had no statistically significant effect on neonatal outcome. Furthermore, duration of surgery was prolonged with dense adhesions. Further research can be done including post operative complications, details of prior CS and interpregnancy interval and thereby adhesion prevalence.
A comparative interventional study on fixed-dose versus titrated- dose oral misoprostol solution for induction of labour at term gestation in a tertiary care centre of Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Saxena Amrita , Kumari Swati , Aditya Vani , Malik Najma , Tiwari Harish Chandra 
Published: May 2024

Induction of labor entails the deliberate initiation of uterine contractions before the spontaneous onset of labor, irrespective of whether the amniotic membranes have ruptured or not. The Modified Bishop’s score of six or higher indicates that the cervix is ripe, or “favorable” – when there is a high likelihood of spontaneous labor or responsiveness to interventions designed to induce labor. Misoprostol being cost-effective, easily available and stable at room temperature makes itself a promising agent in future for induction of labour if the feto-maternal safety concerns are proved with evidence. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of titrated versus fixed dose oral misoprostol solution regimen as inducing agents and the effects on fetomaternal outcome.A comparative interventional study was conducted for one year and study population consisted of term pregnant women admitted to the labour room of the hospital. A total sample size of 150 was deemed necessary, with 75 participants required per group. Following allocation into groups, induction of labor was carried out using either oral titrated-dose misoprostol solution or fixeddose misoprostol solution.Successful induction of labour was higher in fixed -dose group (Group F) (80%) as compared to 65.53% in titrated-dose group (Group T), the difference was statistically significant (p=0.0439). The need for augmentation was lower in group F (30.67%) than in group T (56%). Statistically, this difference was significant (p = 0.0017). Uterine hyper stimulation and atonic post-partum haemorrhage were noted more in group T but this difference was not significant (p = 0.1461; p = 0.3108). Requirement of newborn resuscitation was observed higher in group T [34 (45.34%)] than group F [16(21.33%)]. Statistically, this difference was significant [p=0.0081]. NICU admissions were more in group T (21.34%) than group F (13.33%), but difference was not significant (p = 0.0574).This study concludes that both fixed- dose and titrated-dose oral misoprostol solution regimens are effective in induction of labour but fixed-dose regimen has an advantage of less mean total dose of misoprostol administered, reduced induction to delivery interval, less uterine hyperstimulation, atonic postpartum hemorrhage and better fetomaternal and neonatal safety profile.
The effectiveness of the abdominal sacrocolpopexy / sacrohysteropexy with synthetic mesh for repair of apical prolapse
Authors: Kumari Ruby , Debbarman Tanusree , Akram Sobia 
Published: May 2024

: Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition among parous women, badly affecting their life. They need a safe and consistent procedure that does anatomical correction and also improves their overall quality of life. Abdominal sacrocolpopexy and sacrohysteropexy are promising procedures for apical prolapse repair. Aim was to determine the effectiveness of the abdominal sacrocolpopexy /sacrohysteropexy with synthetic mesh for repair of vault and nulliparous prolapse respectively. The objectives were to describe the outcomes in the form of anatomical correction, symptomatic improvement and the complications in peri-operative and in follow up periods. This prospective observational study was carried out in the department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, at a tertiary care center. The present study included 22 women with vault prolapse (n=18) and nulliparous prolapse (n=4), underwent abdominal sacrocolpopexy /sacrohysteropexy respectively for 2 years from 1st February 2021 to 31st January 2023 and follow up for 12 months. : Most of the women had preoperative apical prolapse in stages-3 (59%), mean age in abdominal sacrocolpopexy/ sacrohysteropexy group was 53.6 years and 26.5 years respectively. Perioperative complications were bladder injury (n=1), paralytic ileus (n=1), wound dehiscence (n=1) and UTI (n=1). In post-operative reassessment of pelvic organ prolapse, vault/uterus was well supported (100%), 100% symptomatic relief. During follow up dyspareunia (n=1), lower backache (n=1) were present, no mesh erosion and no recurrence of Pelvic organ prolapse observed. : Abdominal sacrocolpopexy/ sacrohysteropexy with synthetic mesh are safe and durable procedures for vault and nulliparous prolapse repair respectively.
Test characteristics of glycated albumin in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: John Celestine Osita , Woruka Atochi Prince , Akhidue Kariba , Ogu Rosemary 
Published: May 2024

This study determined the test characteristics of glycated albumin in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. The gold standard for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus is the oral glucose tolerance test which requires patient preparation, drinking of glucose solution, and multiple sample collections. A possible alternative biomarker for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes is glycated albumin does not require patient preparation and only one sample is collected. Glycated albumin levels are higher among Black Americans than in Caucasians.The study involved 200 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. The diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus was made using the World Health Organization 2013 diagnostic criteria. The test characteristics of glycated albumin were determined using the area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was 9.0%. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for glycated albumin was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9; p=0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of glycated albumin were 83.3% and 86.8% respectively. The positive predictive value was 38.5% and the negative predictive value was 98.1%. Glycated albumin has high sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values and therefore, can be used as a preliminary test for gestational diabetes mellitus.
Complications of placenta previa: A retrospective observational study at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Patel Pallavi Ishawarbhai , Gavaniya Gautam Chandubhai , Thaker Rajal Vidyutkumar , Radadiya Meera Hasmukhbhai , Barot Shivam Jagdishbhai , Desai Karan Kantibhai 
Published: May 2024

: Placenta previa (PP) is condition where the placenta is inserted completely or partially into the lower uterine segment, at or after 28 weeks of gestation. Maternal and fetal risks are antepartum haemorrhage (APH), postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), abnormal adherence of placenta, low birth weight (LBW), intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm births and congenital malformations. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of placenta previa, the demographics of patients, types- severity, complications and the feto-maternal outcome in patients of placenta previa.: After due permission of Institutional Review Board, this retrospective observational study was carried out at tertiary care teaching hospital from July 2020 to November 2022.Proportion of pregnancies with placenta previa was 0.3%. Majority 44(91.7%) patients were registered, 38(79.2%) of patients were in age group of 21-30 years, 38(79.1%) patients were multigravida, 41 (85.4%) had major degree of placenta previa, 29(60.4%) patients admitted after 37 weeks of gestation and 47(97.9%) of patients were delivered by caesarean section. Majority of patients, 20 (41.7%) had mild anemia. Major complications were bleeding episodes during antenatal period/APH in 23 (47.9%) and PPH in 22 (45.8%) patients. Maternal mortality occurred in 1 (2.1%) patient. All babies were live at time of birth and 44(91.7%) babies were alive at the time of discharge and neonatal death occurred in 4 (8.3%) preterm babies (28-33 week gestation). Majority of patients were multigravida. No patient was severely anaemic. Majority of patients were delivered by CS. APH and PPH were major complications. About two third of patients required blood transfusion in ante/intra/post-natal period. Obstetric hysterectomy was required in about one tenth of patients. Majority of babies were alive at the time of discharge due to higher number of registered patients who took regular antenatal care, hospital delivery and good NICU facilities. Once diagnosed, placenta previa and morbidly adherent placenta should be managed at tertiary care centre with multidisciplinary approach so as to lessen the feto-maternal morbidity and mortality. Prevention is better than cure. Multiparity increases the risk of placenta previa. Hence, family planning with an aim to reduce unwanted pregnancies and abortions will help to reduce the chances placenta previa. CS increases the risk of development of placenta previa. Efforts should be made to reduce the primary caesarean section rate as it poses more risk of placenta previa, morbidly adherent placenta and its related complications in subsequent gestations.