bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter Phase III Comparison of Cisplatin/S-1 With Cisplatin/Infusional Fluorouracil in Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma Study: The FLAGS Trial
Authors: Ajani Jaffer A. , Rodriguez Wuilbert , Bodoky Gyorgy , Moiseyenko Vladimir , Lichinitser Mikhail , Gorbunova Vera , Vynnychenko Ihor , Garin August , Lang Istvan , Falcon Silvia 
Published: February 2010

Purpose Patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma need more efficacious and safer treatments than established today. S-1, a contemporary oral fluoropyrimidine, can provide that advantage. Patients and Methods This study was conducted in 24 countries and 146 centers. One thousand fifty-three patients were stratified (center, number of metastatic sites, prior adjuvant therapy, and measurable cancer) and randomly assigned. Patients received either S-1 at 50 mg/m2 divided in two daily doses for 21 days and cisplatin at 75 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1, repeated every 28 days (527 patients) or infusional fluorouracil at 1,000 mg/m2/24 hours for 120 hours and cisplatin at 100 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1, repeated every 28 days (526 patients). The primary end point was superiority in overall survival (OS) from cisplatin/S-1 compared with cisplatin/infusional fluorouracil in patients with advanced, untreated gastric, or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. The secondary end points were response rate, progression-free survival, time to treatment failure, and safety. Results The median OS was 8.6 months in the cisplatin/S-1 arm and 7.9 months in the cisplatin/infusional fluorouracil arm (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.05; P = .20). Significant safety advantages were observed in the cisplatin/S-1 arm compared with the cisplatin/infusional fluorouracil arm for the rates of grade 3/4 neutropenia (32.3% v 63.6%), complicated neutropenia (5.0% v 14.4%), stomatitis (1.3% v 13.6%), hypokalemia (3.6% v 10.8%), and treatment-related deaths (2.5% v 4.9%; P < .05). Conclusion Cisplatin/S-1 did not prolong OS of patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma compared with cisplatin/infusional fluorouracil, but it did result in a significantly improved safety profile.
Lung Cancer and Hormone Replacement Therapy: Association in the Vitamins and Lifestyle Study
Authors: Slatore Christopher G. , Chien Jason W. , Au David H. , Satia Jessie A. , White Emily 
Published: February 2010

Purpose Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women. The role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in lung cancer development is unclear. Patients and Methods We evaluated a prospective cohort of 36,588 peri- and postmenopausal women aged 50 to 76 years from Washington State recruited in 2000 to 2002 (Vitamins and Lifestyle [VITAL] Study). Lung cancer cases (n = 344) were identified through the Seattle-Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry during 6 years of follow-up. Hazard ratios (HRs) associated with use and duration of specific HRT formulations were calculated for total incident lung cancer, specific morphologies, and cancer by stage at diagnosis. Results After adjusting for smoking, age, and other potential confounders, there was an increased risk of incident lung cancer associated with increasing duration of estrogen plus progestin (E+P) use (HR = 1.27 for E+P use 1 to 9 years, 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.78; and HR = 1.48 for E+P use ≥ 10 years, 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.12; P for trend = .03). There was no association with duration of unopposed estrogen use. Duration of E+P use was associated with an advanced stage at diagnosis (P for trend = .03). Conclusion Use of E+P increased the risk of incident lung cancer in a duration-dependent manner, with an approximate 50% increased risk for use of 10 years or longer. These findings may be helpful for informing women of their risk of developing lung cancer and delineating important pathways involved in hormone metabolism and lung cancer.
Distinct Alterations in Chromatin Organization of the Two IGF-I Promoters Precede Growth Hormone-Induced Activation of IGF-I Gene Transcription
Authors: Chia Dennis J. , Young Jennifer J. , Mertens April R. , Rotwein Peter 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMany of the physiological actions of GH are mediated by IGF-I, a secreted 70-residue peptide whose gene expression is induced by GH in the liver and other tissues via mechanisms that remain incompletely characterized but depend on the transcription factor Stat5b. Here we investigate the chromatin landscape of the IGF-I gene in the liver of pituitary-deficient young adult male rats and assess the impact of a single systemic GH injection. Despite minimal ongoing transcription in the absence of GH, both IGF-I promoters appear to reside in open chromatin environments, at least as inferred from relatively high levels of acetylation of core histones H3 and H4 when compared with adjacent intergenic DNA and from enhanced trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4. This landscape of open chromatin may reflect maturation of the liver. Surprisingly, in the absence of hormone, IGF-I promoter 1 appears poised to be activated, as evidenced by the presence of the transcriptional coactivator p300 and recruitment of RNA polymerase (Pol) II into a preinitiation complex. By contrast, chromatin surrounding IGF-I promoter 2 is devoid of both p300 and RNA Pol II. Systemic GH treatment causes an approximately 15-fold increase in transcription from each IGF-I promoter within 60 min of hormone administration, leading to a sustained accumulation of IGF-I mRNA. The coordinated induction of both IGF-I promoters by GH is accompanied by hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4 in promoter-associated chromatin, a decline in monomethylation at lysine 4 of histone H3, and recruitment of RNA Pol II to IGF-I promoter 2. We conclude that GH actions induce rapid and dramatic changes in hepatic chromatin at the IGF-I locus and activate IGF-I gene transcription in the liver by distinct promoter-specific mechanisms: at promoter 1, GH causes RNA Pol II to be released from a previously recruited paused preinitiation complex, whereas at promoter 2, hormone treatment facilitates recruitment and then activation of RNA Pol II to initiate transcription.
Investigation of the influences of tyre—road friction and engine power on motorcycle racing performance by means of the optimal manoeuvre method
Authors: Cossalter V , Peretto M , Bobbo S 
Published: February 2010

This paper investigates the influences of the tyre—road friction and of the maximum engine power on the performance of a racing motorcycle. For this purpose the optimal manoeuvre method is applied, which essentially simulates an ideal driver and computes the minimum lap time for a given motorcycle and a given track. The absolute performance of a racing motorcycle is strictly related to the braking and acceleration capabilities. Braking is limited by front- or rear-tyre skidding and by a stoppie event, whereas acceleration is limited by rear-tyre skidding and by a wheelie event. Furthermore, the engine power constitutes a limiting factor during propulsive phases. Effectively the weights of these limiting factors change with the tyre—road friction condition and with the engine power availability. As a consequence, the manoeuvrability of a racing motorcycle varies and riders need to adjust their strategies properly in order to achieve the best performances allowed in any condition. For this purpose a simple L-curve manoeuvre is considered in this paper. First, a detailed description is reported, and then brake and acceleration limiting conditions are considered with respect to a reference configuration. Next, a parametric analysis is carried out at variable friction and maximum engine power, and their influences on lap time are examined. Finally, two representative configurations are evidenced, i.e. lower friction and lower power; furthermore, brake and acceleration limiting conditions are derived analytically by means of a simplified motorcycle model. Accordingly, the representative manoeuvres are interpreted, and the influences of the friction and engine power on curve entering and curve exiting using optimal strategies is examined.
Cefepime-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Zemrak Wesley R. 
Published: February 2010

Purpose Cefepime-induced neurotoxicity is a relatively underappreciated and unrecognized adverse event in current clinical practice. Because cefepime is widely used in many hospitals, it is vital that clinicians be aware of this adverse event. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted to highlight the current evidence linking cefepime and neurotoxicity. Results More than 40 case reports were identified and analyzed for evidence of cefepime-induced neurotoxicity. Confusion, encephalopathy, coma, myoclonus, nonconvulsive status epilepticus, and frank seizures have been described. Most cases occurred in patients with impaired renal function. Onset of neurotoxicity ranged from 1 to 16 days. On discontinuation of cefepime, neurologic function returned to baseline. Conclusions Cefepime-induced neurotoxicity occurs primarily in patients with impaired renal function; however, several cases have occurred in patients with normal renal function. Most cases of neurotoxicity have arisen in patients who did not receive appropriate dose adjustment for renal impairment. The range of toxicity and latency are broad, thus clinicians must be aware of this adverse event and take all of the necessary steps to prevent the occurrence of neurotoxicity.
Reevaluation of Emergency Drug Management in a Tertiary Care Mother-Child Hospital
Authors: Bussières Jean-François , Scharr Karin , Marquis Christopher , Saindon Sophie , Toledano Baruch , Diliddo Lydia , Charrette Sylvie 
Published: February 2010

Purpose To evaluate the management of emergency drugs in a mother-child teaching hospital. Methods A physical inventory of all the resuscitation carts, emergency carts, and emergency boxes was taken. Fifteen compliance criteria were established to evaluate partial trays of emergency medications. The contents of full and partial emergency medication trays and boxes were revised, and an improved process was implemented based on a review of the literature. The research team included 2 pharmacists, 1 anesthetist, 1 intensivist, 1 emergency doctor, 1 nurse, and 1 research assistant. Results Before the harmonization process, there were 11 full resuscitation carts with 48 items and 30 partial emergency carts with an average item count of 15.4 ± standard deviation 4.4, as well as 16 pediatric boxes and 3 emergency boxes in pediatrics and obstetrics, respectively. During the evaluation process, 1,911 distribution units were checked, 2.5% of which had expired. Following the process there were 14 identical resuscitation carts with 43 items and 25 emergency carts with 21 items. Conclusion There are few examples of steps that can be taken to evaluate and update the management of emergency medications in health care facilities. This evaluative study outlines an approach that entailed taking a physical inventory, evaluating the process, and improving the management model within a tertiary care university hospital center. A review of the new process will be performed in 12 months' time.
Analysis of the water vapour sorption behaviour of Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bongard) Carr.] based on the parallel exponential kinetics model
Authors: Hill Callum A.S. , Norton Andrew , Newman Gary 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The water vapour sorption behaviour of Sitka spruce was analysed based on the parallel exponential kinetics (PEK) model. The PEK model deconvolutes the sorption kinetics curve into two exponential kinetics processes (fast and slow) which have characteristic times and moisture contents associated with them. The sorption kinetics was examined at different temperatures enabling the determination of activation energies for the sorption kinetic processes throughout the hygroscopic range (from 5% to 95% relative humidities). The physical interpretation of the PEK model is also discussed.
Water sorption in wood and modified wood at high values of relative humidity. Part 2: Appendix. Theoretical assessment of the amount of capillary water in wood microvoids
Authors: Engelund Emil Tang , Thygesen Lisbeth G. , Hoffmeyer Preben 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A theoretical study of the amount of moisture held in wood as capillary condensed water in the relative humidity (RH) range of 90–99.9% is carried out. The study is based on idealized geometries of the softwood structure related to micrographs. It is confined to structural elements such as bordered pits and the pointed ends of tracheids. The theoretical amount of water in these elements is found by employing the Kelvin equation. An equal amount of earlywood and latewood cells with different geometries and with different amounts of pits is assumed. The effect of pit aspiration is considered, and different degrees of pit aspiration are assigned to earlywood and latewood. We suggest based on the results that capillary condensation makes only a very small contribution to the equilibrium moisture content. At 99.9% RH the contribution amounts to less than 0.0035 kg water per kg dry wood. This is in line with the experimental results presented in Part 1 of this study.
Evidence for the existence of a PbCO3-II phase from high pressure X-ray measurements
Authors: Minch Robert , Peters Lars , Ehm Lars , Knorr Karsten , Siidra Oleg I. , Prakapenka Vitali , Dera Przemyslaw , Depmeier Wulf 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The high-pressure room temperature behavior of PbCO3 was investigated by angle-dispersive synchrotron powder diffraction up to 16.16(5) GPa. A phase transition to a high-pressure polymorph II of lead carbonate was observed at a pressure of approximately p
c = 8.7 GPa. Thereby, the symmetry is reduced from orthorhombic Pmcn to monoclinic P121/c1. The cell parameters at p = 8.90(5) GPa are a = 5.101(1) Å, b = 8.303(3) Å, c = 5.602(2) Å, β = 89.51(4)°, Z = 4. The transformation is supposed to be of 2nd order.
Structures of (pyrazinecarbonyl)hydrazones of substituted benzaldehydes: different supramolecular arrangements from C—H···X (X = O, N, π) hydrogen bonds
Authors: Howie R. Alan , da Silva Lima Camilo H. , Kaiser Carlos R. , de Souza Marcus V. N. , Wardell James L. , Wardell Solange M. S. V. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The crystal structures of six (pyrazinecarbonyl)hydrazone di-substituted benzaldehyde derivatives [N2C4H3CONHN = CHC6H3XY: X,Y = 2,3-Cl2; 2,3-(MeO)2; 2,4-F2; 2,4-Me2; 3-HO—4-MeO; 3-MeO—4-HO] and one tri-substituted benzaldehyde derivative, [N2C4H3CONHN = CHC6H2X3: X3 = 3,4,5-(MeO)3] are reported. In all cases extensive intermolecular C—H···X (X = O, N or π-ring) hydrogen-bonding is present in which the the oxygen atoms of OH and OMe substituents act as hydrogen-bond acceptors and C—H bonds of methyl groups act as hydrogen-bond donors. The connectivity attained is one-dimensional in chains or ribbons in the 2,3-(OMe)2 and 2,4-Me2 derivatives, three dimensional only in the case of the 3-MeO—4-HO derivative and two dimensional in layers of molecules otherwise. It is concluded, therefore, that the bulky nature of the substituents limits the connectivity attainable in this series of compounds.
Photoacoustic operation modes for determination of absorption spectra of SiGe mixed crystals
Authors: Maliński M. , Chrobak Ł. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper presents comparison of two photoacoustic modes of determination of optical absorption spectra of semiconductors illustrated with the results obtained for SiGe crystals. Experimental transmission and absorption photoacoustic spectra of SiGe crystals as well as appropriate models for determination of optical absorption coefficient spectra are given. The idea and experimental set-up of the analyzed methods are presented too. From the fitting procedure of theoretical characteristics to experimental transmission and absorption photoacoustic spectra and after computations of the optical absorption coefficient spectra, three components of the optical absorption coefficient spectra of SiGe crystals were identified, i.e., band to band transitions, Urbach tail and free carriers absorption. Their parameters are given and discussed in the paper. At the end, the advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, such a comparison of the two PA methods of determination of the optical absorption spectra has not been done before.
Determination of bulk values of twist elasticity coefficient in a chiral smectic C* liquid crystal
Authors: Kuczyński W. , Nowicka K. , Dardas D. , Jeżewski W. , Hoffmann J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA method is described for determination of bulk values of a twist elastic coefficient for smectic c-director in chiral smectic liquid crystals with a helical structure. The method was applied to 4-methylbutyloxy phenyl-4-octyloxy-benzoate (C8) in the chiral smectic C* phase. The measurements were performed using optical detection in a small deformation limit. In contrast to the usual methods, initial deformation of the helix (caused by strong surface interactions) was avoided by using homeotropic aligned thick samples. The critical temperature dependence of the measured coefficient was observed. The relation between the measured parameter and the smectic C order parameter is presented.
A Definition, Description, and Framework For Advanced Practice in Dietetics
Authors: Wildish Deborah Ellen (Boyko) , Evers Susan 
Published: February 2010

Purpose: We explored advanced practice (AP) across the diversity of dietetics to develop a definition, description, and framework for guiding future education, research agendas, and policy development. Methods: The process began with a literature review and discussion with dietitians exploring AP in other countries. Various concepts were identified, and these informed the phase 1 survey questions. Phase 1 was a 36-item survey created in SurveyMonkey, engaging a purposeful sample of key stakeholders (n=136). A modified Delphi approach, involving seven dietitians from different geographical locations and practice areas, finalized the phase 2 survey. An e-mail link to this 50-item survey was sent to a random sample of dietitians (n=885). The proposed AP framework entailed an iterative approach, integrating survey results with AP literature. Results: Response rates were 40% for phase 1 and 35% for phase 2. In phase 1, 83% of respondents agreed that a depth and breadth definition captured all dietetic job roles, and 95% agreed that it differentiated AP from entry-level practice. Descriptive statistics are presented to provide demographic information and level of agreement with themes relevant to AP. Conclusions: A framework is presented, and discrepancies with phase 2 results indicate areas for professional development, such as leadership, mentorship, and outcome measurement.
LASIK for Myopia and Astigmatism Using the SCHWIND AMARIS Excimer Laser: An International Multicenter Trial
Authors: Arbelaez Maria Clara , Aslanides Ioannis M. , Barraquer Carmen , Carones Francesco , Feuermannova Alena , Neuhann Tobias , Rozsival Pavel 
Published: February 2010

PURPOSE:To assess the efficacy, predictability, and safety of LASIK for the surgical correction of low to moderate myopia with astigmatism using the SCHWIND AMARIS excimer laser.METHODS:Six international study sites enrolled 358 eyes with a manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) from −0.50 to −7.38 diopters (D) (mean sphere: −3.13±1.58 D) with up to −5.00 D of astigmatism (mean: −0.69±0.67 D). All eyes underwent treatment with the nonwavefront-guided aspheric algorithm of the SCHWIND AMARIS excimer laser. All eyes were targeted for emmetropia. Refractive outcomes and corneal higher order aberrations were analyzed pre- and postoperatively. Visual quality was assessed using photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity. Six-month postoperative outcomes are reported.RESULTS:At 6 months postoperative, the MRSE for all eyes was −0.21±0.20 D, and 96% (343/358) of eyes had MRSE within ±0.50 D. Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 98% (351/358) of eyes, and no eyes lost 2 or more lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. The total corneal higher order aberrations root-mean-square increased by 0.09 µm, spherical aberration increased by 0.08 µm, and coma increased by 0.04 µm postoperatively. Photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity did not change 6 months postoperatively.CONCLUSIONS:Treatment of myopia with astigmatism using the SCHWIND AMARIS excimer laser is safe, efficacious, predictable, and maintains visual quality. [J Refract Surg. 2010;26:88–98.]
Comparison of the Colvard, Procyon, and Neuroptics Pupillometers for Measuring Pupil Diameter Under Low Ambient Illumination
Authors: Schallenberg Maurice , Bangre Valerie , Steuhl Klaus-Peter , Kremmer Stephan , Selbach J. Michael 
Published: February 2010

PURPOSE:
To compare three different pupillometers (Colvard, Procyon, and Neuroptics) for determining pupil diameter at 0.04 and 0.4 lux ambient illumination.

METHODS:
In 92 eyes of 46 healthy volunteers, pupil diameter was measured at 0.04 and 0.4 lux. After dark adaptation for 2 minutes, measurements were performed with each device by two examiners. Interobserver agreement, instrument agreement, and repeatability were analyzed.

RESULTS:
Mean pupil diameter was 6.63±0.68 mm, 6.24±1.01 mm, and 6.99±0.67 mm at 0.04 lux and 6.22±0.74, 4.64±1.04, and 6.73±0.72 mm at 0.4 lux with the Colvard, Procyon, and Neuroptics pupillometers, respectively. The interobserver disagreement ranged within narrower limits for the Colvard (0.04 lux: −1.0 to 0.5 mm; 0.4 lux: −0.75 to 1.0 mm) and Neuroptics (0.04 lux: −1.0 to 0.5 mm; 0.4 lux: −1.7 to 0.7 mm) than for the Procyon (0.04 lux: −0.74 to 1.14 mm; 0.4 lux −1.82 to 2.4 mm) under both light conditions. Instrument agreement ranged within narrower limits for the Colvard versus Neuroptics (0.04 lux: −1.3 to 0.75 mm; 0.4 lux: −1.55 to 1.40 mm) than for the Neuroptics versus Procyon (0.04 lux: −1.06 to 2.69 mm; 0.4 lux: 0.18 to 3.69 mm) or Colvard versus Procyon (0.04 lux: −0.63 to 2.60 mm; 0.4 lux: −0.32 to 3.13 mm) at both light levels. At 0.04 lux, repeatability showed no measurement difference outside ±0.5 mm for the Colvard and Neuroptics; for the Procyon, 25% of consecutive measurements showed a difference >±0.5 mm. At 0.4 lux, 2.5% of consecutive measurements for the Colvard and 5% for the Neuroptics differed by >±0.5 mm; for the Procyon, 13% of measurements differed by more than this amount.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pupil diameters under both light conditions were largest with the Neuroptics pupillometer and smallest with the Procyon. The most “examiner independent” Procyon pupillometer performed poorly. The underestimation of the pupil diameter might have severe consequences for refractive surgery patients. The Neuroptics pupillometer showed a high interobserver agreement and repeatability and therefore high safety. [
J Refract Surg.
2010;26:134–143.]
Thiol–Ene Click Chemistry
Authors: Hoyle Charles E. , Bowman Christopher N. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFollowing Sharpless′ visionary characterization of several idealized reactions as click reactions, the materials science and synthetic chemistry communities have pursued numerous routes toward the identification and implementation of these click reactions. Herein, we review the radical‐mediated thiol–ene reaction as one such click reaction. This reaction has all the desirable features of a click reaction, being highly efficient, simple to execute with no side products and proceeding rapidly to high yield. Further, the thiol–ene reaction is most frequently photoinitiated, particularly for photopolymerizations resulting in highly uniform polymer networks, promoting unique capabilities related to spatial and temporal control of the click reaction. The reaction mechanism and its implementation in various synthetic methodologies, biofunctionalization, surface and polymer modification, and polymerization are all reviewed.