bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homogenization of many‐body structures in fully nonlinear elasticity: A first approach with some applied flavour
Authors: Stelzig Philipp Emanuel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe expose and discuss a model for certain “cord‐belt like” many‐body structures in a geometrically and constitutively nonlinear regime that accounts for noninterpenetration of matter in the sense of Ciarlet and Nečas. As the structures compose of more and simultaneously smaller bodies, we state homogenization limits for the respective models based on a Γ‐convergence analysis. Depending on the structures' geometries, the homogenization process may result in different mechanical effects, ranging from anisotropy to completely new kinematic constraints. The homogenization results pose moreover as first rigorous evidence that appropriately arranged and laminated structures composed of mechanically low dimensional objects can have the same properties as if they were composed of higher dimensional objects (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Die dickste lebende Schwefelschicht Europas
Authors: Guggolz Ernst 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNicht nur Druckfehler und falsche Fakten, sondern auch wirre Produkte und eigenartige Reaktionen fielen in der Kampagne auf. Viele Texte finden sich nicht mehr gedruckt, sondern im www. Standards wie CO2, Co2, Co2, C02 und Co und das CO2‐freie Leben sowie die gefährlichen freien Radikalen fehlten nicht.
Massenspektrometrie statt immunologischer Tests
Authors: Seger Christoph 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDie Tandem‐Massenspektrometrie und ihre Kopplung zur Flüssigchromatographie (LC‐MS/MS) haben sich in den letzten zehn Jahren von einem Forschungsinstrumentarium zu einer erfolgreichen und gut etablierten Routinemethode in der klinischen Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik entwickelt.
Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs an deutschen Universitäten
Authors: Schmitz Karin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDie Zahl der Chemieprofessorinnen an deutschen Universitäten steigt langsam, aber stetig. Beim wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs (Juniorprofessoren, Habilitanden) ist der Frauenanteil schon fast so hoch wie bei den Studienanfängern der entsprechenden Jahre. Die Zahl der Habilitanden an deutschen Hochschulen blieb auf dem Niveau der Vorjahre. Dies ist das Ergebnis einer Umfrage der GDCh.
Mini‐Antikörper für Maxi‐Effekt
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAntikörper eines Lamas halfen, die Struktur eines Signalproteins erstmals auch im aktiven Zustand aufzuklären. Solche Proteine sind Zielmoleküle für Beta‐Blocker und Anti‐Histaminika.
Strategische Rohstoffe — warten bis es dunkel wird?
Authors: Jakobi Rolf 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAbbauwürdige Metallvorkommen befinden sich überwiegend in Staaten, deren Wohlverhalten oder deren politische Stabilität nicht sicher ist. Die Politik begreift nur langsam den Ernst der Lage und hofft auf die Selbstorganisation der Wirtschaft. Einer Erpressung durch die Rohstoffstaaten haben einzelne Länder und erst recht Unternehmen nichts entgegenzusetzen.
Illustration “Urgently Required”: ThePicturesque PalestineProject, 1878–83
Authors: Rainey Sue 
Published: April 2011

In the early 1880s, the bookPicturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egyptbrought to the American and British marketplace the most comprehensive visual survey of the Holy Land that had yet appeared. It came at a time when Protestant Christians in both countries felt the need was “urgent” for “accurate” illustrations of these regions that could serve to explain and “defend” the Scriptures against science and the new biblical criticism. To obtain such images, the publishing firms of D. Appleton in New York City and James S. Virtue in London sent the artists John Douglas Woodward and Harry Fenn on extended sketching trips in 1878 and 1879. Published serially from 1881 to 1883,Picturesque Palestine's nine hundred pages and six hundred black-and-white images would constitute the most conspicuous response to the contemporary appeals for illustrations of the Holy Land (Figure 1).At the same time, it would present these Eastern Mediterranean regions so significant to the history of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam through the lens of thepicturesque— employing familiar aesthetic conventions long popular in British and American view books. In this approach, the artist or traveler searches for elements in the landscape that conform to preset ideas of what constitutes a picture — in this case, those distinguished by pleasing variety, irregularity of form, rough texture, and contrasts of light and dark. Thus, the book is a prime, and quite late, example of the “visualisation of the travel experience,” in which scenic tourism replaced the opportunity to meet and converse with others as the primary appeal of travel. Its comprehensive visual survey is also akin to the displays at the world's fairs so popular in this period that presented various regions and peoples as spectacle or theater.
“Art for America's Sake”: Decadence and the Making of American Literary Culture in the Little Magazines of the 1890s
Authors: MacLeod Kirsten 
Published: April 2011

Decadence — the literary and artistic movement that insisted on the autonomy of art, reveled in the bizarre, artificial, perverse, and arcane, and pitted the artist against bourgeois society — is most strongly associated with fin de siècle British and French culture. Rarely is it associated with America. And yet, its popularity in America may well have surpassed its popularity in either Britain or France. That decadence was among Europe's most successful cultural exports to America in the 1890s is indicated by the rash of decadent Anglophile and Francophile little magazines that emerged in America in this period. Whereas Britain and France had a handful of decadent periodicals between them, America had over one hundred and fifty little magazines in the period from 1894 to 1898, many of them inspired by European decadent periodicals. What Gelett Burgess, founder of the decadent little magazine the Lark called a “little riot of Decadence” (Epilark) erupted all over America, from major centers such as New York City, Chicago, and San Francisco to smaller centers such as Lansing, Michigan, and Portland, Maine. Described at the time variously as fadazines, fadlets, fad magazines, bibelots, ephemerals, decadents, brownie magazines, freak magazines, magazettes, dinkeys, and so on, these magazines were founded by those one contemporary, Arthur Stanwood Pier, labeled the “brilliant cognoscenti and sophisticates,” the “American Oscar Wildes and Aubrey Beardsleys” of the period (quoted in Kraus, 6).Despite the pervasiveness of the little-magazine phenomenon of the 1890s, these magazines have been all but ignored in recent scholarship. Interest in American periodical history of the late 19th and early 20th centuries has focused largely on mass-market periodicals and the development of consumer culture as in recent studies by David Reed, Ellen Gruber Garvey, Richard Ohmann, and Helen Damon-Moore.
Oeditorial Repression: The Case Histories of Hemingway and the Fitzgeralds
Authors: Vandenburg Margaret 
Published: April 2011

With the persistence of repetition compulsion, Modernists define their movement vis-à-vis the classic Freudian assumption that sexuality is the mainspring of virtually everything, including literary merit. The most libidinous of their aesthetic manifestos is Ezra Pound's characterization of creativity as a “phallus or spermatozoid charging, head-on, the female chaos … driving a new idea into the great passive vulva of London.” Though C. G. Jung is far less enamored of the phallus, he endows masculinity with the “creative and procreative” power of Logos, which, echoing Pound, he calls the “spermatic word.” As if to fend off “scribbling women,” Jung warns that “mental masculinization of the woman has unwelcome results,” most notably frigidity, homosexuality, and “a deadly boring kind of sophistry.” Gertrude Stein's iconoclasm notwithstanding, her paradoxical assertion that her genius is masculine simultaneously reifies and defies this theory that biology determines literary destiny. In the Modernist canon, the pen is a penis, even when a cigar is just a cigar. The most influential of the movement's manifestos, T. S. Eliot's “Tradition and the Individual Talent,” codifies aesthetic essentialism, positing an Oedipal model of canonicity contingent on the authority of literary fathers. Even Virginia Woolf's rejection of gendered canonicity inA Room of One's Ownassumes its tenacity, as if she were protesting too much against the inevitable.Woolf is not alone in protesting too much. Modernism's swaggering canonicity masks a castration anxiety that debilitated F. Scott Fitzgerald and even bedeviled Papa Hemingway inThe Garden of Eden. One of Hemingway's most famous letters to Fitzgerald, written during the tortured composition ofTender Is the Night, provides a paradigmatic example of the Modernist crisis of masculinity:We are all bitched from the start and you especially have to be hurt like hell before you can write seriously. But when you get the damned hurt use it – don't cheat with it…. You see, Bo, you're not a tragic character.
Cavaliers and Crackers, Tara and Tobacco Road: The Myth of a Two-Class White South
Authors: Wright Emily 
Published: April 2011

In Tell About the South: The Southern Rage to Explain, eminent southernist Y(stet)Fred Hobson argues that since the early 19th century, southern discourse has been dominated by a desire to explain the South to a nation critical of its practices. This “rage to explain” was particularly apparent in the era known as the Southern Renaissance — the period roughly between World War I and World War II that saw a flowering of southern letters and intellectual life. During this period, southern poets, novelists, essayists, historians, and sociologists participated in a comprehensive enactment of the southern “rage to explain” the South, both to itself and to the rest of the world. Within this outbreak of explanation, a significant pattern emerges: a pattern of resistance to what I shall call the myth of a two-class white South.Throughout American history, northerners and southerners alike have colluded to create the impression that the antebellum white South consisted of only two classes: aristocratic planters on one extreme and debased poor whites on the other. This impression was initiated in the 18th century, when William Byrd's histories of the dividing line introduced the image of the poor white in the form of the laughable “Lubberlander.” The stereotype of the comic and/or degraded poor white can be traced from Byrd through George Washington Harris's tales of Sut Lovingood (1867) to William Alexander Percy's diatribes against poor whites in Lantern on the Levee (1941) and William Faulkner's unflattering portrayal of the Snopeses (1940–59). Meanwhile, the images of the courteous, kindly planter and of the plantation as pastoral idyll can be traced from John Pendleton Kennedy's Swallow Barn (1832) through the postbellum plantation fiction of Thomas Nelson Page to Stark Young's Civil War romance, So Red the Rose (1934).
Gender and Modernity in Transnational Perspective: Hugo Münsterberg and the American Woman
Authors: Sanderson Rena 
Published: April 2011

In one of the first and best-known collections of cultural criticism in America,Civilization in the United States(1922), Harold Stearns begins his chapter on “The Intellectual Life” with this widely quoted passage:When Professor Einstein roused the ire of the women's clubs by stating that “women dominate the entire life of America,” and that “there are cities with a million population, but cities suffering from terrible poverty – the poverty of intellectual things,” he was but repeating a criticism of our life now old enough to be almost acliché. Hardly any intelligent foreigner has failed to observe and comment upon the extraordinary feminization of American social life, and oftenest he has coupled this observation with a few biting remarks concerning the intellectual anaemia or torpor that seems to accompany it.
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in urological centres – the experience of the German Laparoscopic Working Group
Authors: Greco Francesco , Hoda M. Raschid , Rassweiler Jens , Fahlenkamp Dirk , Neisius Dietmar A. , Kutta Andreas , Thüroff Joachim W. , Krause Andreas , Strohmaier Walter L. , Bachmann Alexander , Hertle Lothar , Popken Gralf , Deger Serdar , Doehn Christian , Jocham Dieter , Loch Tillmann , Lahme Sven , Janitzky Volker , Gilfrich Christian P. , Klotz Theodor , Kopper Bernd , Rebmann Udo , Kälbe Tilman , Wetterauer Ulrich , Leitenberger Armin , Raßler Jörg , Kawan Felix , Inferrera Antonino , Wagner Sigrid , Fornara Paolo 
Published: April 2011

Study Type – Practice patterns (retrospective cohort)Level of Evidence 2bOBJECTIVE• To evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) performed in several German centres with different laparoscopic experience, as LA has become the gold‐standard approach for benign surgical adrenal disorders; however, for solitary metastasis or primary adrenal cancer its precise role is uncertain.PATIENTS AND METHODS• The data of 363 patients who underwent a LA were prospectively collected in 23 centres.• All centres were stratified into three groups according to their experience: group A (<10 LAs/year), group B (10–20 LAs/year) and group C (>20 LAs/year).• In all, 15 centres used a transperitoneal approach, four a retroperitoneal approach and four both approaches.• Demographic data, perioperative and postoperative variables, including operating time, surgical approach, tumour size, estimated blood loss, complications, hospital stay and histological tumour staging, were collected and analysed.RESULTS• The transperitoneal approach was used in 281 cases (77.4%) and the retroperitoneal approach was used in 82 patients (22.6%).• In all, 263 of 363 lesions (72.5%) were benign and 100 (27.5%) were malignant.• The mean (sd) operating time was 127.22 (55.56) min and 130.16 (49.88) min after transperitoneal and retroperitoneal LA, respectively.• The mean complication rates for transperitoneal and retroperitoneal LA were 5% and 10.9%, respectively.CONCLUSION• LAs performed by urologists experienced in laparoscopy is safe for the removal of benign and malignant adrenal masses. LA for malignant adrenal tumours should be performed only in high‐volume centres by a surgeon performing at least >10 LAs/year.
Clinical and pathological characteristics of melanoma: a population‐based study in a French regional population
Authors: Barbe C. , Hibon E. , Vitry F. , Le Clainche A. , Grange F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground  Although incidence and mortality data are numerous, population‐based studies including clinical and pathological characteristics of melanoma are rare.Objectives  To describe the characteristics of melanoma in a rural French region during 2004–2008 and to identify differences according to age, gender and geographical areas.Methods  Pathology reports of cutaneous melanomas diagnosed in residents from the Champagne‐Ardenne region during 2004–2008 were anonymously collected from pathology laboratories. Demographic, clinical and pathological data were extracted and analysed by experts, including dermatologists, pathologists and epidemiologists.Results  One hundred and seventy‐seven in situ melanomas were diagnosed in 177 patients (female/male ratio : 1.72). Patients with head and neck in situ melanomas were older than patients with melanomas in other locations (72 vs. 54 years; P < 0.0001). Six hundred and sixty‐one invasive melanomas were diagnosed (female/male ratio : 1.26), corresponding to an annual incidence rate of 6.3/100 000. Male patients had thicker and more frequently ulcerated tumours. The location widely varied between genders, involving the trunk in 47% of male patients and the lower limb in 48% of female patients. Older patients had thicker and more advanced melanomas, with a more frequent head and neck location. Nodular, acral lentiginous and unclassified melanomas were much thicker than superficial spreading and lentigo maligna melanomas (4.37 vs. 1.33 mm, P < 0.0001). Primary melanomas of advanced stages were more frequent in one of the four districts of the study area. Overall, the mean Breslow thickness (2.02 mm) was much higher than that previously observed in other regions of north‐eastern France (1.59 mm).Conclusions  Information and screening campaigns should particularly target rural areas, males, older people and focus on nodular, acrolentiginous and unclassified subtypes.
OBSERVATIONS ON THRESHOLD INTENSITY AND SENSITIVITY TO DIFFERENT WAVE LENGTHS OF PHOTOPERIODIC RESPONSES IN THE COLORADO BEETLE (LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA SAY)
Authors: DE WILDE J. , BONGA H. 
Published: April 2011

The threshold intensity of white light for photoperiodic responses of the Colorado beetle is below 0,1 lux (0,4 ergs/cm2/sec.). Above this value, the responses increase with the intensity until above 5 lux (20 ergs/cm2/sec.) they remain more or less constant. Experiments with filtered light (423–675 mμ) and infrared (> 700 mμ) revealed that even 675 mμ is clearly active.Zusammenfassung1. Die Intensitätsschwelle für weisses Licht in Bezug auf seine photoperiodische Wirksamheit auf den Kartoffelkäfer (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) liegt unterhalb 0,1 Lux (0,4 ergs/cm2/Sek.).2. Bis zu 5 Lux (20 ergs/cm2/Sek.) wirkt sich erhöhte Lichtintensität in steigerndem Masse aus; oberhalb dieses Wertes wird der Diapauseprozentsatz mehr oder weniger konstant.3. Versuche mit Spektrallicht von 423–675 mμ und Infrarot (>700 mμ) konstanter Intensität (40 ergs/cm2/Sek.) ergaben, dass sogar 675 mμ noch deutlich wirksam ist. Im Bereich von 423–646 mμ war das Spektrallicht ohne wesentlichen Unterschied wirksam.4. Es sind Experimente geplant, die ein relatives Energiespektrum für photoperiodische Wirkung verschiedener Wellenlängen ergeben sollen.
BIOLOGY OF TIPULA OLERACEA L.: GROWTH OF THE LARVA
Authors: LAUGHLIN ROGER 
Published: April 2011

The growth of larvae, isolated and in groups, in the laboratory at constant temperature is described. The length of the larval stage varies widely even under uniform conditions. The relationship between larval weight and time is exponential in the first three instars, linear in the fourth. The paper is intended as an introduction to further publications on the causes of variation in growth.ZusammenfassungDIE BIOLOGIE VON TIPULA OLERACEA L.: DAS WACHSTUM DER LARVEDie Larvalentwicklung von T. oleracea kann unter konstanten Bedingungen bei 21° C 4–5 Wochen, aber auch 16–17 Wochen dauern (— die durchschnittliche Dauer für 887 Larven, die in 37 Gruppen gezüchtet wurden, betrug 8,8 Wochen —). Der Gipfel der Entwicklungszeitkurve liegt innerhalb des ersten Abschnittes der Kurve, indem sich 90% der Larven zwischen dem 30. und dem 80. Tag verpuppen.Die ersten drei Larvalstadien werden in 3–6 Wochen durchlaufen; selten in längerer Zeit. Die großen Unterschiede in der Dauer der Larvalentwicklung entstehen daher vor allem im 4. Stadium. Larven in Gruppen entwickeln sich schneller als isolierte Larven.Männliche Larven verpuppen sich ungefiähr eine Woche vor den weiblichen Larven. Das Zahlenverhältnis zwischen männlichen und weiblichen Larven beträgt 1. Beide Geschlechter ergeben für die Dauer der Larvalentwicklung die gleiche schiefe Häufigkeitsverteilung.Das Gewicht vergrößert sich in den ersten drei Larvalstadien jeweils während der ersten zwei Drittel potentiell. Im Durchschnitt verdoppeln die Larven während der Gesamtdauer der ersten drei Larvenstadien ihr Gewicht alle 3–4 Tage. Während des ersten Abschnittes des letzten Stadiums vergröfiert sich jedoch das Gewicht um den festen Betrag vom 15 mg pro Tag. Es erreicht seinen Höhepunkt und nimmt dann schnell ab, wenn sich in der letzten Woche der Darm entleert und die Puppe sich bildet. Das Gewicht der Puppe beträgt etwa die Hälfte des Höchstgewichtes der Larve.Einige Larven erreichen ihr Höchstgewicht, verlieren aber erst nach 4 Wochen an Gewicht und verpuppen sich dann. Diese Ausnahmefälle sind der Hauptgrund für die oben erwähnte Schiefe der Häufigkeitsverteilung.
STUDY ON THE FREE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF MID‐INTESTINE IN SEVERAL SPECIES OF LAMELLICORN BEETLES
Authors: UMEYA KENJI 
Published: April 2011

The patterns of the free amino acid composition in the mid‐intestine tissue of twelve species of Lamellicornia (Coleoptera) were compared by means of paper chromatography. As tested in Allomyrina dichotomus L., the contents of amino acids of the tissue seemed to be constant not only among individuals of the same sex, but also among those of both sexes in a single species. The beetles tested could be divided into five groups by their amino acid constituents of the mid‐gut. This division does not necessarily parallel the taxonomic classification, nor the anatomical grouping of the digestive system. The food habits of the beetles seem to have a certain bearing upon the amino acid composition of their mid‐intestinal tissue.ResumeRECHERCHE SUR LA COMPOSITION DES ACIDES AMINÉS LIBRES DANS L'INTESTIN MOYEN DE QUELQUES LAMELLICORNES ADULTES (COLÉOPTÈRES)Ce travail apporte des données sur la composition des acides amines libres dans le tissu de rintestin moyen de 12 espèces des lamellicornes adultes. Les espèces étudiées sont divisible à 5 troupes par les types caractéristiques des addes aminés libres. Avec les relations rnorphologiques et alimentaires, certains aspects de cette classification sont mis en évidence dans les espèces étudiées.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE MAIZE AND RICE LEAF GALLS INDUCED BY CICADULINA BIPUNCTELLA
Authors: MARAMOROSCH KARL , CALICA CARLOS A. , AGATI JULIAN A. , PABLEO GIL 
Published: April 2011

In the Philippines, plant galls were induced by the feeding of Cicadulina bipunctella (Mats.). Every insect collected in nature, as well as all insects raised on healthy maize, were able to produce leaf galls. Approximately 10 days after exposure to the insects, galls appeared on the next developing young leaf, but not on the leaf that was exposed to the insects. No difference was observed between the effect of feeding by single insects and groups of 10 insects. C. bipunctella‐induced galls were compared to similar galls induced by the feeding of C. zeae in Africa, C. pastusae in South America, C. bimaculata in Australia, Dalbulus elimatus in America and Euscelis plebejus in Europe. In addition to experimental findings, worldwide association of leaf galls with feeding of leafhoppers belonging to several related species, favours the view that the galls of maize and rice plants are caused by insect toxins, rather than by plant viruses.ZusammenfassungWEITERE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DIE VON CICADULINA BIPUNCTELLA AN MAIS UND REIS HERVORGERUFENEN BLATTGALLENAuf den Philippinen wurden Pflanzengallen durch das Saugen von Cicadulina bipunctella (Mats.) hervorgerufen. Jede dieser im Freien gesammelten Zwergzikaden sowie alle an gesundem Mais gezüchteten Individuen waren fähig, Blattgallen zu erzeugen. Ungefähr 10 Tage nach dem Ansetzen der Zikaden erschienen die Gallen auf dem nächsten sich entwickelnden jungen Blatt, jedoch nicht auf dem Blatt, das den Zikaden ausgesetzt worden war. Es wurde kein Unterschied zwischen der Wirkung des Saugens von einzelnen und Gruppen von 10 Zikaden beobachtet. Die von C. bipunctella hervorgerufenen Gallen wurden mit ähnlichen Gallen verglichen, die durch das Saugen von C. zeae in Afrika, C. pastusae in Südamerika, C. bimaculata in Australien, Dalbulus elimatus in Amerika und Euscelis plebejus in Europa erzeugt werden. In Ergänzung zu den experimentellen Befunden begünstigt die weltweite Verknüpfung von Blattgallen mit dem Saugen von Zwergzikaden, die zu einigen verwandten Arten gehören, die Ansicht, daß die Gallen an Mais‐ und Reispflanzen eher von Insektentoxinen als von Pflanzenviren hervorgerufen werden.