bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TEACHING PICTURE‐NAMING BY MEANS OF BEHAVIOURAL TECHNIQUES: a study of a mildly handicapped boy with a severe perceptual problem
Authors: KENNEDY PAUL , McGINLEY PATRICK 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe behavioural modification procedures of prompting, modelling and reinforcement were used to teach picture‐naming to a mildly mentally handicapped boy with a severe perceptual problem. Following five 40‐ minute teaching sessions on consecutive weekdays he performed significantly better on naming not only line drawings used during the teaching sessions but also line drawings which were not used, and line drawings from the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Stimulus generalisation and response generalisation are discussed. The role of such teaching interventions in improving children's intelligence is considered.
AN EARLY INTERVENTION PROJECT IN DRUMCAR: a series of eight group meetings for parents of young Down's syndrome children
Authors: MOORE LUCY M. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThis paper reports on a series of small group meetings that were run for parents with a Down's syndrome infant who lived in a rural community. An “educational”, directive approach was taken, and use was made of video recording and the Portage system in conjunction with short talks and general discussion.The participating parents were asked for their comments on the meetings and for their suggestions on how they could be improved.
EIGHT YEARS LATER IN BIRMINGHAM: a follow‐up of children with severe learning difficulties
Authors: SMITH BERYL , PHILLIPS CHARLES J. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYAbout eight years ago a study was made of severely mentally handicapped children living at home and receiving education in day schools in the City of Birmingham. They were born in the years 1961‐47. The results of a follow‐up enquiry of some 200 subjects are reported for survival, living situation, schooling, and provisions after leaving school.
HOSPITAL AND FURTHER EDUCATION — A COMING TOGETHER
Authors: Morgan Penny , Brannen Rick 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY: There has been recent interest in the extension of adult education facilities to mentally handicapped people. However this idea has tended to be limited to day courses for mentally handicapped people living in the community or activities for students attending adult training centres.At Blofield Hall, a hostel attached to Little Plumstead Hospital on the outskirts of Norwich, the need for further education in an adult setting was identified by staff and residents. This paper details the setting up and operation of evening courses for the residents by Norwich City College, and comments on the success of this venture.
Self‐concept assessment: a case study
Authors: Oliver Chris 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYIt has been suggested that repertory grid technique may be a useful method for assessing self‐concept in people with mental handicaps. This case study, involving a 14‐year‐old girl with Down's syndrome, shows how this method was successfully employed. The resultant grid showed the girl did not see herself as being similar to other children with mental handicaps. It also showed her desire not to be part of this group.
Special care?
Authors: Hunt Ann 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe community services received by 67 children severely handicapped by tuberous sclerosis were investigated by interviewing their parents. 60 per cent of the children at school were in special care units, and 81 per cent had multiple handicaps. 25 per cent of parents had no contact with community services, and 45 per cent no contact with a social worker. This had implications for the large number of parents who did not receive respite care. It was more difficult for adults with multiple handicaps to receive care in the community.
MOVING FROM HOSPITAL TO THE COMMUNITY: factors influencing the life styles of people with mental handicaps
Authors: Atkinson Dorothy 
Published: August 2010

This paper draws on the findings of a two‐part study of 55 people discharged from three mental handicap hospitals during the decade 1971–81 to live more independently in the community. Part one, a retrospective study of hospital records, provided data on their lives before they moved. Part two was a follow‐up study of the remaining 50 people living in community settings after their move. A detailed account of their current life styles was compiled from data from social services records, interviews with social workers, and interviews with the people themselves.Hospital records varied in their completeness but they did describe the people's personalities (personal qualities and motivation), close friendships, outside social contacts, and daytime activities. These four factors were looked at again in relation to their current life styles. The paper discusses the trends that emerged.
Local objections to community‐based houses for people with mental handicaps
Authors: Roycroft Patrick , Hames Annette 
Published: August 2010

This article describes a survey carried out in England which identified factors associated with neighbourhood objections to community housing for people with mental handicaps. The five most common concerns of neighbours were: devaluation of neighbourhood property; the behaviour of residents; noise from the houses; risk to neighbours' children; and increased traffic.Over one‐fifth of the houses in the sample experienced organised opposition, whilst a much greater percentage experienced some hostility. Significantly more opposed houses than unopposed houses had a history of previous problems with neighbours. The other difference between houses which had experienced organised opposition and those which had not was the degree of consultation with local people prior to opening. Houses which had experienced organised opposition had been involved in more consultation with neighbours through letters, informal visits, and formal meetings.It was encouraging to find that most of the hostility dissipated following the opening of the houses. The level of integration and acceptance by local communities, however, never became very positive.
TEACHING PEDESTRIAN SKILLS to adults with severe mental handicaps
Authors: Michie Amanda M. , Lindsay William R. , Baty Frances J. , Smith Anne H. W. 
Published: August 2010

Pedestrian skills relating to crossing busy roads and using pedestrian crossings were taught to two women with severe mental handicaps. Training and assessment sessions were all held in real traffic conditions.The required target behaviours were trained using the techniques of role play, modelling, practice, shaping, and prompting. Base line, post‐training, and generalisation assessments were conducted in both conditions. The women's performances in all the sessions were video‐taped and analysed by two independent raters.Both women showed an improvement during training which was maintained at the post‐training and generalisation assessments.
Virtual enclaves: the influence of alumni email lists on the workspaces of transnational software engineers
Authors: MONTGOMERY ALESIA F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAt the turn of the twentieth century, ethnic enclaves helped immigrants to find jobs and to adjust to their surroundings. In the twenty‐first century, transnational professionals also have other spaces of support: the ‘virtual’ enclaves made possible by new communication tools. Based on interviews with high‐tech professionals over the course of an industry boom and downturn, in this article I trace the institutions that affected structures of online help with work. For some engineers from India and Taiwan, alumni ties, maintained by email lists, were important; these transnational workers had an allegiance to their ‘batch’ (university cohort) that the US‐born workers lacked. Their far‐flung, multi‐tiered alumni lists combined the benefits of strong and weak ties: deep commitments and unique information. This study makes a contribution to theorization of immigrant adjustment, social capital and work technologies.
The effect of insulin in combination with selenium on blood glucose and GLUT4 expression in the cardiac muscle of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Xu Tian‐Jiao , Yuan Bing‐Xiang , Zou Ya‐Min , Zang Wei‐Jin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of a combination of low doses of insulin (1 U/kg/day) and selenium (180 μg/kg/day) on general physiological parameters and the level of glucose transporter (GLUT4) in the cardiac muscle of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were treated with insulin, selenium and a combination of insulin and selenium for 4 weeks. The levels of blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c were estimated; the level of the GLUT4 in the cardiac muscle was examined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Insulin in combination with selenium could significantly lower blood glucose and HbA1c levels and could restore disturbances in GLUT4 level in the cardiac muscle. The treatment with insulin was only partially effective in the restoration of diabetic alterations. We conclude that there was cooperation between insulin and selenium, and that the treatment of diabetic rats with combined doses of insulin and selenium was effective in the control of blood glucose and correction of altered GLUT4 distribution in diabetic rat hearts.
A review of the management of 323 consecutive patients seen in a specific learning difficulties clinic
Authors: Evans Bruce J.W. , Patel Ragini , Wilkins Arnold J. , Lightstone Anita , Eperjesi Frank , Speedwell Lynne , Duffy John 
Published: August 2010

SummaryVisual correlates of specific learning difficulties (SpLD) include: binocular instability, low amplitude of accommodation, and Meares–Irlen Syndrome. Meares–Irlen Syndrome describes asthenopia and perceptual distortions which are alleviated by using individually prescribed coloured filters. Data from 323 consecutive patients seen over a 15 month period in an optometric clinic specialising in SpLD are reviewed. Visual symptoms and headaches were common. 48% of patients were given a conventional optometric intervention (spectacles, orthoptic exercises) and 50% were issued with coloured filters, usually for a trial period. 40% of those who were given orthoptic exercises were later issued with coloured overlays. 32% of those who were issued with coloured overlays were ultimately prescribed Precision Tinted lenses. Approximately half the sample were telephoned more than a year after the last clinical appointment. More than 70% of those who were prescribed Precision Tints were still wearing them daily, and results for this intervention compared favourably with data for non‐tinted spectacles. The data suggest that many people with SpLD need optometric care and that the optometrist needs to be skilled in orthoptic techniques and cognisant of recent research on coloured filters.
Sensitivity analysis of the knapsack sharing problem: perturbation of the profit of an item
Authors: Belgacem T. , Hifi M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we study the sensitivity of the optimum of a max–min combinatorial optimization problem, namely the knapsack sharing problem, to the perturbation of the profit of an arbitrary item. We mainly establish the interval limits of each perturbed item by applying a reduction of the original problem into a series of single knapsack problems. We propose a solution procedure in order to establish these interval limits. The principle of the method is to stabilize the optimal solution in the perturbed problem, following two cases: (i) when the item belongs to an optimal class and (ii) when the item belongs to a non‐optimal class. We also consider either the problem admits a unique or multiple optimal classes. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method on several problem instances in the literature.
Do Mutual Funds Profit from the Accruals Anomaly?
Authors: ALI ASHIQ , CHEN XUANJUAN , YAO TONG , YU TONG 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTUsing data on both fund stockholdings and fund returns, we examine whether actively managed equity mutual funds trade on and profit from the accruals anomaly. We find that few, if any, mutual funds trade on the anomaly. The top 10% of mutual funds that have the highest portfolio weights in low‐accruals stocks have a greater, but still relatively small, exposure to low‐accruals stocks. Nonetheless, these funds make significant profit net of actual transaction costs, exhibiting an average Fama‐French three‐factor alpha of 2.83% per year. We also find that these funds are smaller, less diversified, and exhibit higher fund return volatility and higher fund flow volatility.
A Reexamination of the Tradeoff between the Future Benefit and Riskiness of R&D Increases
Authors: EBERHART ALLAN , MAXWELL WILLIAM , SIDDIQUE AKHTAR 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTMany previous studies document a positive relation between research and development (R&D) and equity value. Though R&D can increase equity value by increasing firm value, it can also increase equity value at the expense of bondholder wealth through an increase in firm risk because equity is analogous to a call option on the underlying firm value. Shi [2003] tests this hypothesis by examining the relation between a firm's R&D intensity and its bond ratings and risk premiums at issuance. His results show that the net effect of R&D is negative for bondholders. We reexamine Shi's [2003] findings and in so doing make three contributions to the literature. First, we find that Shi's [2003] results are sensitive to the method of measuring R&D intensity. When we use what we argue is a better measure of R&D intensity, we find that the net effect of R&D is positive for bondholders. Second, when we use tests that Shi [2003] recognizes are even better than the ones that he uses, we find even stronger evidence of the positive effect of R&D on bondholders. Third, we examine cross‐sectional differences in the effect of R&D on debtholders. Consistent with our main finding, we document a negative relation between R&D increases and default risk. The default risk reduction is also more pronounced for firms with higher initial default scores (where the debtholders have more to gain from an R&D increase) and for firms with more bank debt (where the debtholders have greater covenant protection from the possible detriments associated with R&D increases).
HELICAL CHLOROPLASTS IN A STICHOCOCCUS‐TYPE ALGA1
Authors: Sorokin Constantine , Corbett M. K. , Nishino Shirley 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYShape of the chloroplast in the green, rod‐shaped alga, isolated in our laboratory, depends on factors affecting cell growth. Under conditions of slow growth, the chloroplast is a simple plate‐like girdle characteristic of Stichococcus of the order Ulotrichales. Under conditions of rapid growth, the chloroplast, by extension, attenuation, and twisting, takes the shape of a helix resembling spiral chloroplasts of several genera of the order Zygnematales (or Conjuga(es). The attenuation and twisting of the chloroplast increase in the course of development of individual cells so that helical shape is most pronounced in mature cells approaching the division stage.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MITOSIS IN THE MARINE RED ALGA MEMBRANOPTERA PLATYPHYLLA1,2
Authors: McDonald Kent 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYGametophyte germlings from unialgal cultures of Membranoptera platyphylla were examined with the electron microscope. The events of mitosis were observed in dividing cells near the thallus apex. In prophase the nucleus is spindle‐shaped and surrounded by microtubules and a layer of endoplasmic reticulum. A unique organelle, the polar ring, is present at each pole; its junction is not clear. At metaphase the nuclear envelope is intact except for fenestrations at the poles. Spindle microtubules are attached to distinct kinetochores on the chromosomes and continuous pole‐to‐pole microtubules are present. The nucleolus has dispersed but, its granular components are still evident in the nucleoplasm. As the chromosomes separate, the nucleus elongates and finally constricts in the middle to produce 2 daughter nuclei.
SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEXES IN RED ALGAE1,2
Authors: Kugrens Paul , West John A. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe presence of synaptonemal complexes in the nuclei of young tetraspore mother cells is described for the first time in the red algae. Synaptonemal complexes were found in Janczewskia gardneri Setchell, Levringiella gardneri Setchell, Gonimophyllum skottsbergii Setchell, and Polycoryne gardneri Setchell. The synaptonemal complexes consist of 2 lateral, dark‐staining elements from which small fibrils extend to form a less densely staining central element. With minor variations, the dimensions and structure of these synaptonemal complexes correspond to those found in other organisms.
SOME CORTICOLOUS ALGAE OF MCMINN COUNTY, TENNESSEE, U.S.A.1
Authors: Cox Edmond R. , Hightower Joan 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYEisrhty‐one unialgal isolates comprising 10 genera (Chlorophygeae, Cyanophyceae, Xanthophyceae) were cultured from samples of tree bark scrapings removed from 5 species of trees on the campus of Tennessee Wesleyan College in Athens, Tennessee, U.S.A.
SUBSTRATE COMPETITION BETWEEN A SALT MARSH DIATOM AND A BACTERIAL POPULATION1
Authors: Saks Norman M. , Kahn Eileen G. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTCylindrotheca closteriumEhrenberg, a benthic marine diatom, competes successfully withAeromonassp. a bacterium from the same environment, for low molecular weight organic substrates when they are presented at natural concentrations (1–10 μM). In short term (1 h) experiments, the uptake of mannose byC. closteriumwas enhanced in light. Seventy percent of the total uptake of mannose by both species was effected byC. closteriumover a 1 h period in light. The diatom population was also competitive in darkness. The algal portion of glucose uptake over 1 h was 71% when both populations were given the substrate initially. Percentages of total amino acid uptake forC. closteriumranged from 33% glycine in light to 73% leucine in darkness when both species were given substrate initially.Cylindrothecahad smaller percentages of glucose and aspartic acid total uptake in competition experiments run to stationary phase (10 days).
FINE STRUCTURE AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF VESICLE CELLS OF THE RED ALGA ANTITHAMNION DEFECTUM (CERAMIACEAE)1
Authors: Young David N. , West John A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe ultrastructure and histochemistry of the refractile, vesiculate cells (“blasenzellen,”“cellules secretrices,”“gland cells”) of Antithamnion defectum Kylin were examined. The refringent vacuolar contents disclosed two components of differing density: an electron opaque, proteinaceous matrix material surrounding cores of irregularly shaped, less opaque material. The cores contain less protein and more unknown material than the matrix. Part or all of the vacuolar material is synthesized by abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and deposited in smooth surfaced cisternae that swell to form vesicles. Mitochondria are usually associated with stacks of the swelling cisternae. The vesicles enlarge by continued deposition of synthesized material and coalescence with other vesicles. All vesicles eventually coalesce to form the mature vacuole. A crystalline array of fibrils develops in the cytoplasm during later stages of vacuole enlargement. The crystal contains a sulfated, acidic polysaccharidic material. The chloroplasts, if present, and nucleus degenerate at vacuole maturity. Active release of the vacuolar material does not occur, and organelles for extracellular secretion are not present. Structural evidence suggests a storage, rather than secretory, function for the cells.
OCCURRENCE OF TRI‐LAMELLAR BODIES IN ISOLATES OF NOSTOC (CYANOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Jensen Thomas E. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTTri‐lamellar bodies were observed in eight of 29 isolates of Nostoc examined. They appeared identical to the previously described bodies in various species of Anabaena. The bodies consist of three discoid lamellae each ca. 0.3 μm diam and 8 nm thick. The outer lamella (closest to the plasma membrane) is separated from the middle lamella by a 12 nm space whereas the middle and inner lamellae are ca. 8 nm apart. Osmiophilic striations 3 nm wide were generally observed running between the lamellae. Osmiophilic β granules were usually associated with the inner lamella. The bodies were most always located close to the plasma membrane along the longitudinal wall near the junction of the cross and longitudinal walls. In three isolates the bodies located near the cross walls were associated with gas vesicles and possessed a slightly different morphology. These tri‐lamellar bodies consisted of three discoid lamellae, each ca. 2 nm thick, ca. 25 nm apart with electron dense material between the inner and middle lamellae. Pores 20 nm diam and ca. 60 nm apart were observed in layer 2 of the cell wall adjacent to the tri‐lamellar bodies. These wall pores were also observed in isolates lacking tri‐lamellar bodies.
EFFECT OF INDOLE‐3‐ACETIC ACID ON GROWTH OFCODIUM FRAGILESUBSP.TOMENTOSOIDES(CHLOROPHYCEAE) IN CULTURE1
Authors: Hanisak M. Dennis 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTGrowth ofCodium fragilesubsp.tomentosoides(van Goor) Silva in culture depends upon the season of seawater collection. One factor responsible for this variation in growth may be indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA). When 10−9to 10−4M IAA is added to cultures ofCodium fragile,optimum growth is at 10−6M. The response to exogenous IAA depends upon the time of year when the sea‐water is collected. The growth in a range of known IAA concentrations allows the prediction of a seasonal cycle of IAA, or its physiological equivalent, in Rhode Island coastal waters. Such a compound may be an important ecological factor for some algal species.
OCCURRENCE OF GLYCOLATE DEHYDROGENASE AND GLYCOLATE OXIDASE IN SOME COCCOID, ZOOSPORE‐PRODUCING GREEN ALGAE1
Authors: Bullock Kenneth W. , Deason Temd R. , O'Kelley Joseph C. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTTwenty‐seven species of coccoid, zoospore‐producing green algae representing 16 genera in the Chlorococcales and Chlorosarcinales were assayed for glycolate oxidase or glycolate dehydrogenase. Only Planophila terrestris Groover & Bold and Fasciculochloris boldii Trainor, contained glycolate oxidase whereas the others contained glycolate dehydrogenase. Representative algae were grown under varying conditions and assayed to determine any effects on these glycolate enzymes. Although specific rates of enzyme activity often varied widely, the form of glycolate enzyme present was not affected.
DIATOM MINERALIZATION OF SILICIC ACID IV. KINETICS OF SOLUBLE Si POOL FORMATION IN EXPONENTIALLY GROWING AND SYNCHRONIZED NAVICULA PELLICULOSA1
Authors: Sullivan Cornelius W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSilicic acid taken up from the growth medium by Navicula pelliculosa (Bréb.) Hilse was shown to enter at least two compartments: i) soluble pools; ii) insoluble fraction comprised predominantly of the silica frustule. Soluble Si pools were extracted by a variety of agents from cells uniformly labeled for ten generations in medium containing 68Ge‐Si(OH)4. 100 C water soluble and 0 C perchloric acid (PCA) soluble Si pools of 680 mM Si·l−1 and 490 mM Si·l−1 cell water represented 13 and 9%, respectively, of total, cell Si in exponential growth phase cells. Uniformly labeled cells synchronized by the combined synchronization technique accumulate at the cell cycle stage where silica frustule development is initiated. These cells contain water and PCA soluble pools of 10 nmol Si·106 cells−1 and‐8.8 nmol Si·106 cells−1, respectively. On addition of Si(OH)4, a rapid uptake ensues allowing the Si pool to expand 2.5‐fold, apparently to provide precursors of the silica frustule.