bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Склад та антиоксидантні властивості екстрактів рослин перлинниці антарктичної з районів Південних Шетландських островів, Берега Греяма і Берега Данко
Authors: Лагута І.В. , Ставинська О.М. , Кузема П.О. , Аніщенко В.М. , Іванніков Р.В. , Пороннік О.О. , Парнікоза І.Ю. 
Published: April 2024

Досліджено якісний склад та кількісний вміст вторинних метаболітів рослин Colobanthus quitensis (перлин- ниці антарктичної) з районів Південних Шетландських островів, Берега Греяма і Берега Данко. Порівняно склад і антиоксидантні властивості екстрактів, вилучених із рослин перлинниці, що зростали на різних локаціях у природному середовищі та в умовах in vitro. Також було зіставлено склад і властивості екстра- ктів перлинниці та екстракту іншої антарктичної рослини — щучнику антарктичного (Deschampsia antarctica). Біохімічний склад екстрактів вивчено методами високоефективної рідинної хроматографії та масспектрометрії з матрично-активованою лазерною десорбцією / іонізацією; антиоксидантні властивос- ті досліджено за допомогою DPPH-тесту. Встановлено, що всі екстракти перлинниці характеризуються
високим вмістом фенольних сполук (до 38 мг/г сирої сировини) і виявляють значну антиоксидантну / ан- тирадикальну активність (інгібують до 90 % DPPH радикалів за 30 хв). Показано, що антирадикальна активність досліджених екстрактів корелює із загальним вмістом антиоксидантів у зразках. Екстракти з нативних рослин перлинниці містять в основному флавоноїди (глікозиди апігеніну, лютеоліну та мети- лових ефірів лютеоліну), частка яких становить ~90 % загального вмісту фенольних сполук; інші ~10 % фенольних антиоксидантів складають гідроксибензойні та гідроксикоричні кислоти. В екстракті з куль- тури in vitro, навпаки, переважають фенольні кислоти (~58 %). Біохімічний склад досліджених екстрактів перлинниці відрізняється від складу екстракту щучнику значно більшим відносним вмістом похідних апіге- ніну (16—43 % загального вмісту фенольних сполук проти 3 % у щучнику) та меншим вмістом похідних лю- теоліну (46—71 % проти 79 % у щучнику) і фенольних кислот (9—13 % проти 18 % у щучнику). Порівняно з екстрактом щучнику в досліджених екстрактах перлинниці загальний вміст фенольних сполук нижчий і, відповідно, здатність цих екстрактів інгібувати DPPH радикали менша. Незважаючи на це, Colobanthus quitensis, як і Deschampsia antarctica, також є ефективним продуцентом цінних природних антиоксидантів.
USN: A Robust Imitation Learning Method against Diverse Action Noise
Authors: Yu Xingrui , Han Bo , Tsang Ivor W. 
Published: April 2024

Learning from imperfect demonstrations is a crucial challenge in imitation learning (IL). Unlike existing works that still rely on the enormous effort of expert demonstrators, we consider a more cost-effective option for obtaining a large number of demonstrations. That is, hire annotators to label actions for existing image records in realistic scenarios. However, action noise can occur when annotators are not domain experts or encounter confusing states. In this work, we introduce two particular forms of action noise, i.e., state-independent and state-dependent action noise. Previous IL methods fail to achieve expert-level performance when the demonstrations contain action noise, especially the state-dependent action noise. To mitigate the harmful effects of action noises, we propose a robust learning paradigm called USN (Uncertainty-aware Sample-selection with Negative learning). The model first estimates the predictive uncertainty for all demonstration data and then selects sampleswith high loss based on the uncertainty measures. Finally, it updates the model parameters with additional negative learning on the selected samples. Empirical results in Box2D tasks and Atari games show that USN consistently improves the final rewards of behavioral cloning, online imitation learning, and offline imitation learning methods under various action noises. The ratio of significant improvements is up to 94.44%. Moreover, our method scales to conditional imitation learning with real-world noisy commands in urban driving
Studying the Requests of Employers in the Far Eastern Region Regarding the Professional Training of Specialists in the Service Sector
Authors: Зачиняева Е.Ф. , Рыскина Д.В. 
Published: April 2024

Рассмотрены результаты исследования запросов работодателей из различных отраслей к профессиональной подготовке специалистов в сфере сервиса. Представлены наиболее востребованные компетенции, а также личные качества. Проанализированы требования работодателей к содержанию подготовки специалистов по сервису в Дальневосточном регионе. Делается вывод о необходимости разработки динамической модели взаимодействия вузов и работодателей.
The results of a study of the requests of employers from various industries for the professional training of specialists in the service sector are considered. The most in demand competencies, as well as personal qualities, are presented. The requirements of employers for the content of training of service specialists in the Far Eastern region are analyzed. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a dynamic model of interaction between universities and employers.
The Role of Cultural-Historical Theory in Reforming the Teacher Education System in Brazil
Authors: Брито Ромао И. 
Published: April 2024

Рассмотрены история системы образования в Бразилии и некоторые проблемы подготовки педагогов. Обозначена цель исследования – выявление потенциала культурно-исторической теории как научно-теоретической основы для подготовки учителей в Бразилии. Выделены идеи и концепции, которые должны стать векторами изменений в системе обучения будущих педагогов. Делается вывод о правомерности сформулированной гипотезы о возможности преодоления дихотомии, которая разделяет работу и подготовку учителей в Бразилии, на основе теоретических принципов, сформулированных Л.С. Выготским и его последователями.
The history of the education system in Brazil and some problems of teacher training are considered. The goal of the study is to identify the potential of cultural-historical theory as a scientific and theoretical basis for teacher training in Brazil. Ideas and concepts that should become vectors of change in the education system for future teachers are highlighted. A conclusion is drawn about the validity of the formulated hypothesis about the possibility of overcoming the dichotomy that separates the work and training of teachers in Brazil, based on the theoretical principles formulated by L.S. Vygotsky and his followers.
Ekonomia
Authors: Grabia Tomasz , Nyk Mariusz 
Published: April 2024

Ekonomia jest nauką o procesie gospodarowania, czyli dokonywaniu wyborów (najlepszych z możliwych) opartych na rachunku ekonomicznym. Prezentowany zbiór zadań oraz zawarte w nim studia przypadków stanowią materiał ułatwiający przygotowanie do podejmowania optymalnych decyzji gospodarczych. Publikacja pozwala wypracować dobre wzorce diagnozy i sposoby rozwiązania problemów, z zachowaniem zróżnicowanego podejścia do omawianych zagadnień. Treść zadań, a także case studies odzwierciedlają aktualne dylematy, z którymi muszą się zmierzyć przedsiębiorcy, decydenci oraz konsumenci. Autorzy uwzględniają najnowsze rozwiązania wykorzystujące arytmetykę gospodarczą i analizę matematyczną, dbając o jasne i przejrzyste ujęcie całości.
Sustainable Geoinformatic Approaches to Insurance for Small-Scale Farmers in Colombia
Authors: Abd Rabuh Ahmad , Teeuw Richard M. , Oakey Doyle Ray , Argyriou Athanasios V. , Foxley-Marrable Max , Wilkins Alan 
Published: April 2024

This article presents a low-cost insurance system developed for small-hold farms in disaster-prone regions, primarily using free Earth Observation (EO) data and Free Open Source Software (FOSS) – collectively termed sustainable geoinformatics - with a proprietary mobile phone app that enables verification. The study examined 30 farms in Risaralda department, Colombia. A Digital Elevation Model (12.5m pixels) from the ALOS PALSAR satellite sensor was used with a Geographical Information System (GIS) to map the terrain, drainage and geohazards of each farming district. Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used to carry out Time Series Analysis of 15 EO and weather datasets for 1998 to 2020. This analysis enabled the levels of risk from hydrometeorological hazards to be determined for each farm of the study, providing key data for the setting of insurance premiums. A parametric insurance product was piloted using GPS-tagged, time-stamped mobile phone photos to verify crop health. Key features of this insurance system are its low operational cost and rapid damage verification, relative to conventional approaches to farm insurance. It is an affordable form of insurance for small-scale farmers, with the rapid verification and payment of claims. This relatively fast, low-cost and affordable approach to insurance for small-scale farming enhances sustainable development by enabling policy-holder farmers to recover more quickly from disasters.
Economic Freedom and Debt: An Empirical Investigation on the Institutional Determinants of Public Debt
Authors: Magnini Gino , Vojnovic Jovan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the role of the institutional framework in the accumulation of central government debt. We employ the Economic Freedom Index (EFI) as a proxy for institutional framework and study the causal link between institutions that promote economic freedom and the creation of public debt. The results presented in this paper are evidence of causality between institutions and debt-to-GDP ratios. This paper suggests that institutional and structural frameworks of economies bear great importance in public debt accumulation. The countries that score better on the quality of economic institutions are more likely to accrue lower levels of public debt. In particular, a 10-point enhancement in the EFI score can lead to reductions between 1.7 and 7.3 percentage points in debt-to-GDP ratios. We also observed that scores for open markets and government size affect public debt negatively across developed as well as developing countries. Additionally, the evidence suggests that countries deemed less likely to expropriate private property exhibit higher percentage of government debt relative to GDP. We stipulate this is the result of higher perceived trustworthiness which in turn leads to an increased pool of available credit.
Red Blood Cell DNA Capture and Delivery Drives Host Responses During Polymicrobial Sepsis
Authors: Lam Long Kwan , Klingensmith Nathan , Sayegh Layal , Oatman Emily , Jose Joshua , Cosgriff Christopher , Eckart Kaitlyn , McGinnis John , Ranjan Piyush , Lanza Matthew , Yehya Nadir , Meyer Nuala , Dickson Robert , Mangalmurti Nilam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs), traditionally recognized for their role in transporting oxygen, play a pivotal role in the body's immune response by expressing TLR9 and scavenging excess host cell-free DNA. DNA capture by RBCs leads to accelerated RBC clearance and triggers inflammation. Whether RBCs can also acquire microbial DNA during infections is unknown. Murine RBCs acquire microbial DNA in vitro and bacterial-DNA-induced macrophage activation was augmented by WT but not TLR9-deleted RBCs. In a mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis, RBC-bound bacterial DNA was elevated in WT but not in erythroid TLR9-deleted mice. Plasma cytokine analysis revealed distinct sepsis endotypes, characterized by persistent hypothermia and hyperinflammation in the most severely affected subjects. RBC-TLR9 deletion attenuated plasma and tissue IL-6 production in the most severe endotype. Parallel findings in human subjects confirmed that RBCs from septic patients harbored more bacterial DNA compared to healthy individuals. Further analysis through 16S sequencing of RBC-bound DNA illustrated distinct microbial communities, with RBC-bound DNA composition correlating with plasma IL-6 in patients with sepsis. Collectively, these findings unveil RBCs as overlooked reservoirs and couriers of microbial DNA, capable of influencing host inflammatory responses in sepsis.
Using Coleoptera and Odonata as a monitoring tool for improving protected lake habitat characterisation: a case study from Ireland
Authors: Cappelli Giovanni , Gray Emma , Gammell Martin , Roden Cilian , Lally Heather 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

“Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains” (habitat code 3110) and “Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds” (habitat code 3160) are two protected lake habitats under Annex I of the European Union Habitats Directive. Despite this level of protection, their conservation condition is considered unfavourable in most European biogeographic regions. The available classifications rely heavily on water chemistry and phytosociology while leaving other biological taxa under described. This study tested the use of Coleoptera and Odonata communities as a monitoring tool to characterise and distinguish both lake habitat types. Samples were collected from 24 sites in western Ireland over two seasons (spring and summer) using standard sweep netting methods. Despite a considerable level of overlap in assemblages found, communities were shaped by lake habitat type, sampling region and season. Overall, lake habitat 3110 hosted a higher diversity of taxa in summer dominated by dragonflies associated with larger, warmer waters, while lake habitat 3160 reflected higher Coleoptera diversity in spring typical of small, turbid, stagnant waterbodies. This research highlights the potential use of aquatic invertebrates as an important monitoring tool for these protected lake habitats. Findings of this work deepen current knowledge about these habitats and fill gaps in their classification, hence improving conservation condition assessment methods for Member States when reporting under the Habitats Directive.
Stable Isotopes as a Predictor for Organic or Conventional Classification of Berries and Vegetables
Authors: Zhu-Barker Xia , Liou Michael , Zapata Diana , Huang Jingyi , Horwath William R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

As organic agriculture spreads globally, promising enhanced food quality and soil health, the challenge lies in verifying the authenticity of organic practices, notably in developing countries with limited oversight. This study offers a solution by examining the elemental composition of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), particularly their stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N), in seven crops grown under organic or conventional methods across various countries. Our findings reveal that, while total C and N content showed no significant differences across production methods or regions, the N stable isotope (δ15N) levels were markedly distinct between organic and conventional crops. This difference allows us to propose a δ15N threshold to reliably distinguish between organic and conventional raspberries and strawberries, with a very low error rate. These thresholds, backed by an extensive dataset (n=791), hold promise as effective tools for confirming organic authenticity, providing a new standard for future validation of organic farming practices.
Chronic stress promotes NSCLC progression through circMBOAT2 upregulation mediated by CTCF
Authors: Zhou Ting , Chen Zhicong , Chen Yitian , Li Canye , Xiao Zhijun , Duan Jingjing , Yang Zhen , Xu Feng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Circular RNA (circRNA) has been shown to play an important role in tumor development. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of circMBOAT2 in NSCLC and its involvement in chronic stress induced tumor growth. Stably transfected A549 and H1299 cell lines with circMBOAT2 overexpression and knockdown were constructed. Colony formation, scratch healing, Transwell and CCK-8 assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of circMBOAT2 with or without norepinephrine treatment on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells, respectively. A chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression with xenografted LLC plus ASO targeting circMBOAT2 injection mouse model was established to determine the effect of chronic stress on tumorigenesis via circMBOAT2. Additionally, silencing CTCF in vivo and in vitro to investigate the regulatory effect of CTCF on circMBOAT2 expression. The results showed that circMBOAT2 was significantly upregulated in NSCLC cell lines and tumor tissues. CUMS promoted tumor growth, while silencing circMBOAT2 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. circMBOAT2 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells. CTCF was identified as the upstream regulator of circMBOAT2 and was upregulated in NSCLC tissues. Knockdown of CTCF expression reversed the promotional effect of CUMS on circMBOAT2 expression and tumor growth. Our data thus provide evidence that CTCF mediates chronic stress in promoting of NSCLC progression through circMBOAT2. circMBOAT2 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC as well as depression NSCLC comorbidity treatment.
Validation of the Arabic Version of the Sleep Apnea Scale of the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SDQ-SA)
Authors: Alnesr Anas , Zabad Kareem , Bundokji Fayezeh K Al , albardan Hussam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a widespread syndrome characterized by breathing cessation or reduction. It has a wide range of significant symptoms, such as snoring and fatigue. This study aimed to assess the validity of the Arabic version of the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire-Sleep Anenea Scale (SDQ-SA) as a screening tool in Arabic-speaking countries.
Methods: This study was conducted at a sleep disorders clinic at Damascus University's hospitals from June 2023 to September 2023. Patients aged 18 to 75 who spoke Arabic were included, while those under 18 or over 75, with incomplete questionnaires, previous OSA diagnoses, or certain chronic diseases and sedative drug use were excluded. The questionnaire was translated into the Arabic language by two bilingual researchers. It was then given to around 15 patients to ensure clarity of the questions. After analyzing the results of the Arabic version of the (SDQ-SA), we administered Polysomnography (PSG) tests to validate our results. The questionnaire was readministered to 30 participants to ensure reliability. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS version 22.
Results: The study included 103 participants, with an average age of 56.55 years. The SDQ-SA identified 85 (82.5%) participants as being at high risk for having OSA. Among those classified as high risk, 39 (45.9%) had severe OSA, 34 (40%) had moderate OSA, 8 (9.4%) had mild OSA, and 4 (4.7%) had no OSA based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) calculated by the (PSG). On the other hand, 18 (17.5%) participants were classified as low risk for OSA, 3 (16.7%) had severe OSA, 3 (16.7%) had moderate OSA, 7 (38.9%) had mild OSA, and 5 (27.8%) had no OSA based on the AHI calculated by the (PSG). For AHI≥5, the sensitivity and specificity for men were 0.87 and 0.6, respectively, and for women, they were 0.84 and 0.5, respectively.
Conclusion: Our study showed good sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV), especially for patients with moderate to severe OSA. We recommend that physicians use this questionnaire and other similar questionnaires more frequently to identify and treat this underrecognized disease properly.
Tailoring Polarization in WSe2 Quantum Emitters through Deterministic Strain Engineering
Authors: Munkhbat Battulga , Paralikis Athanasios , Piccinini Claudia , Madigawa Abdulmalik , Metuh Pietro , Vannucci Luca , Gregersen Niels 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Quantum emitters in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently emerged as a promising platform for generating single photons for optical quantum information processing. In this work, we present an approach for deterministically controlling the polarization of fabricated quantum emitters in a tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayer. We employ novel nanopillar geometries with long and sharp tips to induce a controlled directional strain in the monolayer, and we report on fabricated WSe2 emitters producing single photons with a high degree of polarization (99±4%) and high purity (g(2)(0) = 0.030±0.025). Our work paves the way for the deterministic integration of TMD-based quantum emitters for future photonic quantum technologies.
Factors associated with a high level of suicide risk among patients with late-life depression: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Guangzhou China
Authors: Liu Fei , Ye Junrong , Wei Yanheng , Pan Yuanxin , Wang Wen , Chen Jiao , Zhou Tingwei , Wu Shengwei , Li Zezhi , Guo Jianxiong , Xiao Aixiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background As global aging accelerates, depression in the elderly becomes more common. Research had revealed that patients with late-life depression face an increased risk of suicide compared to those in other age groups with similar disorders, with the pathway to suicide being multifaceted. Thus, investigating the various factors linked to the elevated risk of suicide in elderly individuals with depression is critical.
Objective To investigate the factors associated with a high level of suicide risk among patients with late-life depression (LLD).
Methods A total of 108 patients with LLD were recruited for this study. From October 2022 to November 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with LLD from the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Suicide risk was evaluated using the Chinese version of the Nurses' Global Assessment of Suicide Risk Scale (NGASR). Potential influencing factors were included and analyzed through multivariate linear regression to identify the factors associated with high level of suicide risk among patients with LLD.
Results The average score of NGASR in patients with LLD was 7.30±4.34 (range: 0~19). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that depression-anxiety of BPRS (β=0.31, 95%CI=0.13, 0.45, P＜0.001), activation of BPRS (β=-0.29, 95%CI=-1.22, -0.35, P＜0.001), normal cognitive function of MMSE (β=0.21, 95%CI=0.50, 3.48, P＜0.05), involuntary admission (β=0.20, 95%CI=0.44, 3.43, P＜0.05), and objective support of SSRS (β=0.21, 95%CI=0.08, 0.66, P＜0.05) were statistically associated with the a high level of suicide risk in patients with LLD (P<0.05).
Conclusion This study found that LLD patients with severe depression-anxiety, low activation, normal cognitive function, involuntary admission, and strong objective support exhibited a high level of suicide risk. These patients should receive intensified monitoring and comprehensive measures should be implemented to prevent the occurrence of suicidal behaviors during hospitalization.
Experimental Investigation of air jet impingement cooling in car radiator with hollow cone nozzle plate spacing using nanofluids
Authors: Venkataramana P. , Kumar V. Mani , ram N. Raghu , Chinka Siva Sankara Babu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Water and coolant oil are two common heat transfer fluids that are used a lot in car radiators these days. But much more must be done with the fluid that transmits heat to make the system more effective in handling heat. Nanoparticle cooling fluid speeds up the movement of heat through the car radiator and makes it possible to make it smaller altogether. In the present study, to examine heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids of DI water and Ethylene glycol (60:40). Four different concentrations of nanofluids were prepared by mixing 0.05 to 0.3 Vol. % of nanofluids with a mixture of DI water and Ethylene glycol. The studies were carried out by varying coolant from 3 to 15 LPM while keeping the airspeed at a mean of 5 m/s. The DI water had a lower thermal conductivity of 0.891 W/m K than the EG nanofluid, which had a thermal conductivity of 0.946 W/m K. The EG nanofluid showed a more significant heat transfer coefficient of 36384.41 W/m2 K than the DI water. The viscosity of the nanofluid increases as the concentration of nanofluid in the DI water increases and decreases as the temperature rises.