bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rodlet cells development in the intestine of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Laurà Rosaria , Germanà Germana P. , Levanti Maria B. , Guerrera Maria C. , Radaelli Giuseppe , de Carlos Felix , Suárez Alberto Álvarez , Ciriaco Emilia , Germanà Antonino 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe enigmatic rodlet cells (RCs) are characterized by conspicuous inclusions named “rodlets”. They were discovered over 100 years ago and were considered as parasites but shortly afterward interpreted as endogenous cells. The RCs have been described in different tissues of marine and freshwater teleosts, but their origin and function remain unknown. This work was designed to an ultrastructural study on RCs development and distribution in intestinal epithelium of Dicentrarchus labrax. Three different stages of RCs development from early precursor cells to mature phase were observed, as well as a migration and finally an extrusion of their contents. In this study, the immature cells were found near the basal epithelium membrane. They were mainly identified by a rough endoplasmic reticulum with dilated cisternae, by developing rodlets and a thin fibrillar coat. The maturing RCs, localized in the middle zone of the epithelium, appeared to be undergoing a reorganization of the cell organelles. The mature RCs, placed near the free surface, showed a thick subplasmalemmar fibrillar coat. Most of the organelles were aggregated at the cell apex with a basally located nucleus. A cellular polarity was more evident. One of the most conspicuous features was the occurrence of mature rodlets club‐sac in shape orientated toward the cell apex. Adhesive junctions between surface epithelial cells and RCs, while discharging their contents, were seen. We have connected morphological figures and distribution to different stages of development in RCs, supporting the hypothesis of their secretory function. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interstitial fluid pressure as an alternate regulator of angiogenesis independent of hypoxia driven HIF‐1α in solid tumors
Authors: Aung Khin Zarchi , Pereira Barry P. , Tan Pamela H.S. , Han Hwan‐Chour , Nathan Saminathan S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe previously showed that interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) may be an alternate regulator of angiogenesis in solid tumors. Given the accepted link between hypoxia‐induced factor and angiogenesis this study investigated the effect of IFP on hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF‐1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human osteosarcoma xenografts in SCID mice and in different hypoxic environments. Tumors were grown either at heterotopic (flank) or orthotopic (medullary canal of the proximal tibia) sites in the host animal. Microfluidic probes determined pH, O2‐saturation, IFP, and peripheral blood flow perfusion continuously. We assessed tumor growth in the orthotopic site (n = 15) by softex radiographs weekly, 3D microCT, histological evaluation, and for molecular responses. An increased cytoplasmic immunohistostaining of cells for HIF‐1α (p = 0.03) and VEGF‐A (p = 0.004) on the outer periphery was noted compared to the tumor center, with VEGFR2 uniformly stained throughout. This paralleled a raised state of interstitial hypertension (p = 0.007) in the tumor center relative to the peripheral surface but was inconsistent with a state of hypoxia (p = 0.03) in the tumor center. In vitro culture of human osteosarcoma cell lines (HOS, U2OS) and a human osteoblast control at 0‐ and 20‐mmHg of hydrostatic pressure revealed suppression of HIF‐1α (p = 0.02) and VEGF‐A (p = 0.02) gene expression when IFP was raised, while the effect on VEGFR1 was equivocal. This study proposes an alternative regulatory angiogenic pathway via the influence of IFP on cancer cell function. The identification of a mechanistic cellular link to the physical parameter becomes an important tool to evaluate cancer cell growth within solid tumors. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:2038–2045, 2012
Residue Stabilization in the Fire Retardancy of Wood–Plastic Composites: Combination of Ammonium Polyphosphate, Expandable Graphite, and Red Phosphorus
Authors: Seefeldt Henrik , Braun Ulrike , Wagner Manfred H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCombinations of different common flame retardants in wood–plastic composites (WPCs) are tested to identify synergistic or antagonistic effects with the goal of improving the fire performance of WPCs. Flame retardants investigated are expandable graphite (EG), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and red phosphorus (RP) and combinations of two of them are used. The fire behavior is studied by cone calorimetric measurements. Additional thermogravimetry is used for further investigations. The fire tests show that EG has the highest potential for flame retardancy, but due to its expansion it cracks the formed residue layer. Combinations of EG with RP or with high amounts of APP are able to suppress this cracking.
The influence of hot‐chamber die casting parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium‐aluminum alloys containing alkaline elements
Authors: Rzychoń T. , Adamczk‐Cieślak B. , Kiełbus A. , Mizera J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe AJ62 magnesium alloy (Mg‐6Al‐2Sr) is characterized by good creep resistance up to 175°C and good castability enabling production of thin‐walled elements in die casting process. The aim of the work was to analyse the influence of hot‐chamber die casting parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the AJ62 magnesium alloy. Die casting of investigated alloys was carried out on a 280 tone locking force hot‐chamber die casting machine. The piston speed, pressure, die temperature and casting temperature were changed during die casting. The microstructural examinations after die casting showed that the alloy consisted of the solid solution a, lamellar eutectic (Al, Mg)4Sr, minor amounts of massive Al3Mg13Sr phase and globular particles of Mn5Al8. Precipitates of Mg17Al12 phase were not detected. The stereological examinations after die casting showed that the volume fraction of massive Al3Mg13Sr phase was dependant on the casting rate. Changing the casting rate had an influence on the volume fraction of (Al, Mg)4Sr and Al3Mg13Sr phases. The gas porosity is strongly influenced by the applied pressure and the plunger velocity during die casting process. The mechanical properties of AJ62 magnesium alloy are better at low porosity and high volume fraction of (Al, Mg)4Sr phase.
Investigation of catalyst‐transfer condensation polymerization for the synthesis of n‐type π‐conjugated polymer, poly(2‐dioxaalkylpyridine‐3,6‐diyl)
Authors: Nanashima Yutaka , Shibata Rena , Miyakoshi Ryo , Yokoyama Akihiro , Yokozawa Tsutomu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractKumada‐Tamao coupling polymerization of 6‐bromo‐3‐chloromagnesio‐2‐(3‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)propyl)pyridine 1 with a Ni catalyst and Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling polymerization of boronic ester monomer 2, which has the same substituted pyridine structure, with tBu3PPd(o‐tolyl)Br were investigated for the synthesis of a well‐defined n‐type π‐conjugated polymer. We first carried out a model reaction of 2,5‐dibromopyridine with 0.5 equivalent of phenylmagnesium chloride in the presence of Ni(dppp)Cl2 and then observed exclusive formation of 2,5‐diphenylpyridine, indicating that successive coupling reaction took place via intramolecular transfer of Ni(0) catalyst on the pyridine ring. Then, we examined the Kumada‐Tamao polymerization of 1 and found that it proceeded homogeneously to afford soluble, regioregular head‐to‐tail poly(pyridine‐2,5‐diyl), poly(3‐(2‐(2‐(methoxyethoxy)propyl)pyridine) (PMEPPy). However, the molecular weight distribution of the polymers obtained with several Ni and Pd catalysts was very broad, and the matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectra showed that the polymer had Br/Br and Br/H end groups, implying that the catalyst‐transfer polymerization is accompanied with disproportionation. Suzuki‐Miyaura polymerization of 2 with tBu3PPd(o‐tolyl)Br also afforded PMEPPy with a broad molecular weight distribution, and the tolyl/tolyl‐ended polymer was a major product, again indicating the occurrence of disproportionation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Deprotonation reaction of α‐amino acid N‐carboxyanhydride at 4‐CH position by yttrium tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)amide]
Authors: Ling Jun , Peng Hui , Shen Zhiquan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractReaction of yttrium tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)amide] [(TMSN)3Y] with equivalent L‐alanine N‐carboxyanhydride (ALA NCA) yields yttrium α‐isocyanato carboxylate (II), yttrium ketenyl carbamate (III), and hexamethyldisilazane (V). The products indicate that 4‐CH group of ALA NCA monomer is deprotonated in addition to 3‐NH group, which has been neglected in NCA chemistry for decades. This result proves the acidity of 4‐CH in NCA and provides the first direct evidence for racemization phenomenon of NCA in strong base in microscopic aspect. Rare earth tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)amide] (TMSN)3Ln (Ln = Sc, Y, La, Dy, and Lu) compounds are high efficient catalysts for ring‐opening polymerizations of NCAs. Polypeptides can be produced in quantitative yields with narrow molecular weight distributions below 1.3, and block copolypeptides can be facilely prepared by sequential addition method. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Metal‐ and solvent‐free, clickable synthesis and postpolymerization functionalization of poly(triazole)s
Authors: Deng Fengyang , Xu Bin , Gao Yong , Liu Zheng , Yang Duanguang , Li Huaming 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this study, a series of linear poly(triazole)s (PTAs) were successfully synthesized by the metal‐ and solvent‐free, thermal click polymerization of diazide and dialkyne (A2 + B2) monomers. All click polymerizations proceeded smoothly at 80 °C in an open atmosphere without protection from oxygen and moisture. After being polymerized for 36 h, the crude polymer was further fractionated into three fractions using a multistep precipitation method. By selectively choosing precipitating agents, this process produced poly(triazole) fractions with low polydispersity index (<1.30). The resulting PTAs are soluble in common organic solvents and stable at a temperature up to 320 °C. Furthermore, the methyl benzoate moieties in the main chain can serve as useful building blocks for further postpolymerization functionalization, yielding 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives. This functionalization strategy offers potential for the development of novel triazole‐based materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synchrotron radiation X‐ray topography and X‐ray diffraction of homoepitaxial GaN grown on ammonothermal GaN
Authors: Sintonen Sakari , Ali Muhammad , Suihkonen Sami , Kostamo Pasi , Svensk Olli , Sopanen Markku , Lipsanen Harri , Paulmann Carsten , Tuomi Turkka O. , Zajac Marcin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this study, homoepitaxial GaN grown on ammonothermal GaN substrates is non‐destructively investigated by synchrotron radiation X‐ray topography (SR‐XRT) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The homoepitaxial GaN layer was found to be of excellent crystal quality with individual dislocations clearly visible in the SR‐XRT images. SR‐XRT images and XRD rocking curves suggest the dislocations are mainly of mixed type. To the best of our knowledge the measured dislocation density is the lowest reported in a homoepitaxial GaN film (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication and applications of orientation‐patterned gallium arsenide for mid‐infrared generation
Authors: Grisard A. , Gutty F. , Lallier E. , Gérard B. , Jimenez J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNonlinear optical materials play a key role in the development of coherent sources of radiation, by frequency conversion of light from other light sources, e.g. diode, solid‐state, and fiber lasers, into spectral ranges where few lasers exist or perform poorly. Based on the principle of the quasi‐phase matching, the design and fabrication of orientation‐patterned Gallium Arsenide crystals (OP‐GaAs) has recently led to demonstrations of second harmonic generation, optical parametric generation, amplification and oscillation from 1 to 12 µm. The most efficient fabrication route for these crystals relies on the use of the near‐equilibrium growth process HVPE (Hydride Vapour Phase Epitaxy), by orientation‐selective regrowth on OP‐GaAs template wafers with a thickness suited to bulk nonlinear optics. This work deals with recent characterizations based on optical experiments and cathodoluminescence measurements, targeting the identification of the main defects, their spatial distribution, and their relation to the optical propagation losses. Latest improvements of the HVPE growth step have enabled to reach an unprecedented level of losses, below 0.016 cm‐1, and a large range of available QPM periods and thickness of structures (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zu geklebten Glas‐Stahlverbindungen
Authors: Menkenhagen Jochen , Koschecknick Kai 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDer vorliegende Fachbeitrag befasst sich mit der Betrachtung numerischer Untersuchungen geklebter Glas‐Stahlverbindungen zur Entwicklung von Nachweiskonzepten für neuartige Glasfassadenkonstruktionen, die in der modernen Architektur in zunehmendem Maße eingesetzt werden. Das Erforschen der Materialeigenschaften geeigneter Klebstoffe und das Implementieren dieser Eigenschaften in ein FE‐Programm sind zentrales Thema des Artikels.
Optimierung zukunftsfähiger Gebäudehüllen
Authors: Heusler Winfried 
Published: May 2012

AbstractZukunftsfähige Gebäudehüllen sparen Energie und gewinnen Energie aus Sonnenstrahlung. Ihnen liegen materialeffiziente Konzepte und Komponenten zugrunde. In Zeiten sich wandelnder Anforderungen und Möglichkeiten entscheiden über die Zukunftsfähigkeit die Effizienz der Planungs‐, Bau‐ und Betriebsprozesse sowie die Modernisierungsfähigkeit der Gebäudehülle. Letztendlich sollte bei Optimierungsmaßnahmen die ökologische, ökonomische und soziokulturelle Bilanz von Nutzen und Aufwand in der Planung sowie beim Bau, Betrieb und Abbruch des Gebäudes positiv ausfallen. Als hilfreich erweist sich diesbezüglich eine die Qualität sichernde und den Aufwand begrenzende Systemtechnik für die Komponenten der Gebäudehülle, mit optimierten Schnittstellen zu den angrenzenden Gewerken. Große Vorteile bietet im gesamten Lebenszyklus die Modulbauweise. Bei der Planung zukunftsfähiger Gebäudehüllen müssen jedoch neben organisatorischen und technischen Maßnahmen zur Minimierung von Verschwendung auch gestalterische Aspekte Berücksichtigung finden.
Die Closed‐Cavity‐Fassade
Authors: Lutz Martin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDie energetische Nachhaltigkeit eines Gebäudes wird maßgeblich vom ingenieurtechnischen Zusammenwirken von Fassade und Raumkonditionierung bestimmt. Mit einer “intelligenten“ Fassade, der Closed‐Cavity‐Fassade, die alle physikalischen, energie‐ und tageslichttechnischen Aspekte wirklich löst, lässt sich ein nachhaltiges und somit zukunftsfähiges Planungsziel erreichen. Der Gebäudehülle kommt unter Berücksichtigung der EnEV 2009 und vor allem mit Blick auf die voraussichtlich nochmals um etwa 25 % verschärfte EnEV 2012 eine noch bedeutendere Rolle zu. Die derzeit in der Vermarktung nahezu unverzichtbaren Green‐Building‐Zertifizierungslabels DGNB, LEED, BREEAM usw., stärken diese Schlüsselrolle zusätzlich.
Cabot Circus, Bristol Ebene Vierecknetze für freigeformte Glasdächer
Authors: Schober Hans , Justiz Stefan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIm Rahmen der Neugestaltung des Stadteilzentrums Bristol Broadmead wurden ein bestehendes Kaufhaus, ein Freizeitzentrum und verschiedene Einzelhandelsgeschäfte über Glasdächer miteinander verbunden. Die kuppelartige Form des Hauptdaches besteht aus einer einlagigen, doppelt gekrümmten Gitterschale. Einlagige, doppelt gekrümmte Gitterschalen bilden auch die Dächer über den Straßen und entsprechen hier in ihrer Funktionsweise einem Tonnendach. Sie werden nur an ihren zwei Längskanten gestützt. Die Herausforderungen in Formfindung, Berechnung und Bemessung einer großen Netzkuppel sollen in diesem Beitrag anhand des Beispiels besprochen werden.
Großflächiger Einsatz von entspiegelten Gläsern – Ein Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Ludwig Josef J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEntspiegelte Gläser sind seit geraumer Zeit zum Beispiel im Displaybereich oder großflächiger im Vitrinenbau im Einsatz. Um wirklich maximale Transparenz an einer Fassade verwirklichen zu können, sind diese Gläser die logische Konsequenz. Am Beispiel einer Seilnetzfassade am Bauvorhaben Financial Center in Abu Dhabi soll aufgezeigt werden, mit welchen Aufgabenstellungen und Herausforderungen man konfrontiert ist, wenn 10.000 qm «Museumsglas» eingebaut werden.
Prospects and challenges for an archaeology of global climate change
Authors: Hudson Mark J. , Aoyama Mami , Hoover Kara C. , Uchiyama Junzō 
Published: May 2012

AbstractArchaeology has a long history of research in reconstructing past environments and in attempting to understand the interactions between climate and human societies. So far, however, there has been little attempt by archaeologists to employ this knowledge in the debate over current global climate change. This paper provides a broad overview of the relevance of archaeology to the problem of global climate change, yet also attempts to consider some of the challenges that require further debate. We propose five areas where archaeology may be able to make significant contributions to global climate change discourse: (1) the study not just of past social ‘collapse’ but of how ancient societies attempted to manage decline and recovery in the face of long‐term environmental change; (2) the ability to rethink the nature/culture divide; (3) the use of public archaeology to further education and awareness on environmental links and impacts; (4) the study of social injustice and how it may affect societal responses to the environment; and (5) the building of common ‘intercultural’ responses to climate change. Challenges identified are (1) making clearer in public debate the relevance of archaeology to present and future climate change; (2) the contexts in which people really learn from the past; (3) how different (national) traditions of archaeological research may affect our ability to relate archaeology to global climate change; and (4) how human‐induced climate change on a global scale alters traditional historical approaches to human agency.WIREs Clim Change2012 doi: 10.1002/wcc.174This article is categorized under:Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives
Bayesian estimation for target tracking: part II, the Gaussian sigma‐point Kalman filters
Authors: Haug A.J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis is the second part of a three part article examining methods for Bayesian estimation and tracking. In the first part we presented the general theory of Bayesian estimation where we showed that Bayesian estimation methods can be divided into two very general classes: a class where the observation conditioned posteriordensitiesare propagated in time through a predictor/corrector method; and a second class where the first twomomentsare propagated in time, with state and observation moment prediction steps followed by state moment update steps that use the latest observations. In this second part, we make the assumption that all densities are Gaussian and, after applying an affine transformation and approximating all nonlinear functions by interpolating polynomials, we recover the sigma‐point class of Kalman filters, including the unscented, spherical simplex, and Gauss‐Hermite Kalman filters. In part 3, we will show that approximating a density by a set of Monte Carlo samples leads to particle filter methods, where the posterior density is propagated in time and moment integrals are approximated by sample moments.WIREs Comput Stat2012 doi: 10.1002/wics.1215This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory
Educational Assortative Mating and Income Inequality in Denmark
Authors: Breen Richard , Andersen Signe Hald 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Many writers have expressed a concern that growing educational assortative mating will lead to greater inequality between households in their earnings or income. In this article, we examine the relationship between educational assortative mating and income inequality in Denmark between 1987 and 2006. Denmark is widely known for its low level of income inequality, but the Danish case provides a good test of the relationship between educational assortative mating and inequality because although income inequality increased over the period we consider, educational homogamy declined. Using register data on the exact incomes of the whole population, we find that change in assortative mating increased income inequality but that these changes were driven by changes in the educational distributions of men and women rather than in the propensity for people to choose a partner with a given level of education.
The Nurse's Role in Providing Information to Surgical Patients and Family Members in Turkey: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Sayin Yazile , Aksoy Güler 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn 2008, we conducted a nonexperimental, cross‐sectional, descriptive study in the surgical services department of a hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, with the aim of determining how much information was required by perioperative patients and their family members, the extent to which this information was provided, and the role that nurses play in this process. We included a total of 394 outpatients and inpatients and their family members (ie, 197 patients, 197 family members) and 30 nurses in the study. We collected the research data by using one questionnaire for patients, a second for family members of patients, and a third for nurses. We discovered that the patients and their family members wanted to be given more information about the surgical process than they had received. Patients wanted more information about the intraoperative period, whereas their family members wanted more information about the postoperative period. We also found that nurses were aware that they did not play an effective role in providing information to patients and their family members because of a lack of knowledge about what information they were responsible for providing and insufficient staffing. We concluded that nurses should know what education they are responsible for providing, put more effort into understanding patient and family member information needs, and plan a better means of providing information to meet those needs.
Implementing AORN Recommended Practices for Product Selection
Authors: Conrardy Julie A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article focuses on the revised AORN “Recommended practices for product selection in perioperative practice settings.” Hospitals and ambulatory surgery facilities should have protocols in place for product evaluation that includes a multidisciplinary team approach. The process for product evaluation and selection includes gathering information; establishing consistent requirements for product evaluation; performing a financial impact analysis; investigating a plan to standardize products; conducting an environmental impact analysis; determining whether to purchase single‐use, reposable, or reusable products or reprocess single‐use devices; developing an evaluation process based on objective criteria; and developing and implementing a comprehensive plan to introduce and use new products. Use of an evaluation tool that is based on objective criteria is one way to obtain valuable input during product evaluations. Because of varied roles and experiences, the perioperative RN is an integral member of the product selection committee.