bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Neofusicoccum parvum Causing Dieback Disease of Chinese Weeping Cypress in China
Authors: Li S. B. , Li J. Z. , Li S. C. , Lu Z. H. , Wang J. H. , Zhang H. 
Published: April 2010

Cupressus funebris Endl. (Chinese weeping cypress) is native to southwestern and central China. In June 2008, blighted shoots of Chinese weeping cypress trees were observed in Yunnan Province (southwestern China). Symptomatic trees were located in an ornamental planting established approximately 8 to 12 years ago. Additional samples were collected from 11 locations in the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Chongqing. Disease symptoms included yellowing and wilting of leaves on several branches, followed by sudden death within 6 to 8 weeks. Cross sections on trunks and branches revealed darkened zones. Tissue from diseased samples was plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C. Fungal isolates developed copious, white, aerial mycelium that became dark gray after 4 to 6 days and formed black pycnidia after 25 days. Conidia were hyaline, ellipsoidal to fusiform, externally smooth, thin walled, nonseptate, and measured 12.5 to 18.5 × 4.0 to 6.5 μm. Identity was confirmed by analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITSI-5.8S-ITS2) and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α). BLAST searches at GenBank showed a high identity with reference sequences (ITS: >99%; EF1-α: 100%). Representative sequences of both regions were deposited in GenBank (ITS: Accession No. FJ842960 and FJ842961; EF1-α: Accession No. GU811148). Morphological and molecular results confirmed this species as Neofusicoccum parvum, reported as the anamorph of Botryosphaeria parva. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by stem inoculation of 2-year-old C. funebris seedlings. Mycelial plugs (4 mm in diameter) of N. parvum from actively growing colonies were applied to same-size bark wounds on the middle point of the stems. Control seedlings were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs. Inoculated and control seedlings (five each) were kept in a greenhouse and watered as needed. After 5 weeks, all C. funebris seedlings showed leaf wilting and dark vascular stem tissue. N. parvum was reisolated from all inoculated, symptomatic tissues, fulfilling Koch's postulates; no symptoms were visible in the control seedlings. N. parvum has previously been reported to cause canker and dieback disease of avocado (3), mango (2), and magenta cherry (Syzygium paniculatum) (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. parvum causing dieback of C. funebris in China. References: (1) R. C. Ploetz et al. Plant Pathol. 58:801, 2009. (2) B. Slippers et al. Mycologia 97:99, 2005. (3) T. Zea-Bonilla et al. Plant Dis. 91:1052, 2007.
First Report of Brown Rot Caused by Monilinia fructicola on Apricot in a Swiss Orchard
Authors: Hilber-Bodmer M. , Bünter M. , Patocchi A. 
Published: April 2010

Monilinia fructicola (G. Wint.), causal agent of brown rot on stone and pome fruits, is a quarantine pathogen in Europe (EPPO A2 quarantine pest). Since it was first discovered in French orchards in 2001, this pathogen has been officially identified from orchards in Austria (eradicated), Spain, Czech Republic, Italy, and Germany. M. fructicola has also been reported on imported fruit in Hungary and Switzerland (2). Orchard surveys in Switzerland in 2003 and 2005 found no evidence of natural infections (2). From July to August 2008, a large-scale survey of orchards was conducted in the primary apricot- (Prunus armeniaca Linn.) production region of Switzerland (Canton Valais). Apricots showing brown rot symptoms were collected from 57 different orchards at packinghouses (152 samples). In addition, mummies and fresh fruits showing brown rot symptoms were directly collected from three orchards (70 samples). All samples were tested using the PCR-based assay of Côté et al. (3). Ten apricots, originating from an orchard where the samples were directly collected from the trees, tested positive for M. fructicola. These apricots showed brown, sunken lesions covered with grayish pustules. The remaining brown rot samples were identified as M. laxa and M. fructigena. The positive samples were confirmed by the M. fructicola PCR protocols of Hughes et al. (4), following the EPPO diagnostic protocol (1). Eight amplicons obtained with the PCR protocol of Hughes et al. (4) were sequenced, compared with each other, and blasted to the NCBI database. These amplicons were identical to each other and had a 100% match to 16 M. fructicola isolates originating from several countries including the United States, New Zealand, Japan, and China. The unicellular, hyaline, lemon-shaped conidia of three isolates grown at 22°C on PDA averaged 14.4 ± 1.3 μm long and 8.8 ± 0.77 μm wide, therefore fitting the description for M. fructicola (1). Koch's postulates were fulfilled by reproducing brown rot symptoms on mature apricots inoculated with conidia. Six days after inoculation, typical brown rot symptoms appeared on inoculated fruits while control fruits remained healthy. Molecular tests performed with the protocol of Côté et al. (3) and Hughes et al. (4) confirmed the presence of M. fructicola on the inoculated fruits. In 2009, the presence M. fructicola in the orchard where the pathogen was detected in 2008 was verified. One hundred and thirty-seven apricots showing brown rot symptoms were collected and tested (3). M. fructicola was recovered from two samples, indicating the persistence of the pathogen in the orchard. To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural infection of M. fructicola in a Swiss orchard. References: (1) Anonymous. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 33:281, 2003. (2) E. Bosshard et al. Plant Dis. 90:1554, 2006. (3) M.-J. Côté et al. Plant Dis. 88:1219, 2004. (4) K. J. D. Hughes et al. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 30:507, 2000.
Role of Caveolin-3 and Glucose Transporter-4 in Isoflurane-induced Delayed Cardiac Protection
Authors: Tsutsumi Yasuo M. , Kawaraguchi Yoshitaka , Horikawa Yousuke T. , Niesman Ingrid R. , Kidd Michael W. , Chin-Lee Blake , Head Brian P. , Patel Piyush M. , Roth David M. , Patel Hemal H. 
Published: April 2010

Background
Caveolae are small, flask-like invaginations of the plasma membrane. Caveolins are structural proteins found in caveolae that have scaffolding properties to allow organization of signaling. The authors tested the hypothesis that delayed cardiac protection induced by volatile anesthetics is caveolae or caveolin dependent.

Methods
An in vivo mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion injury with delayed anesthetic preconditioning (APC) was tested in wild-type, caveolin-1 knockout, and caveolin-3 knockout mice. Mice were exposed to 30 min of oxygen or isoflurane and allowed to recover for 24 h. After 24 h recovery, mice underwent 30-min coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion at which time infarct size was determined. Biochemical assays were also performed in excised hearts.

Results
Infarct size as a percent of the area at risk was reduced by isoflurane in wild-type (24.0 +/- 8.8% vs. 45.1 +/- 10.1%) and caveolin-1 knockout mice (27.2 +/- 12.5%). Caveolin-3 knockout mice did not show delayed APC (41.5 +/- 5.0%). Microscopically distinct caveolae were observed in wild-type and caveolin-1 knockout mice but not in caveolin-3 knockout mice. Delayed APC increased the amount of caveolin-3 protein but not caveolin-1 protein in discontinuous sucrose-gradient buoyant fractions. In addition, glucose transporter-4 was increased in buoyant fractions, and caveolin-3/glucose transporter-4 colocalization was observed in wild-type and caveolin-1 knockout mice after APC.

Conclusions
These results show that delayed APC involves translocation of caveolin-3 and glucose transporter-4 to caveolae, resulting in delayed protection in the myocardium.
A Comprehensive Toolkit of Plant Cell Wall Glycan-Directed Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Pattathil Sivakumar , Avci Utku , Baldwin David , Swennes Alton G. , McGill Janelle A. , Popper Zoë , Bootten Tracey , Albert Anathea , Davis Ruth H. , Chennareddy Chakravarthy , Dong Ruihua , O'Shea Beth , Rossi Ray , Leoff Christine , Freshour Glenn , Narra Rajesh , O'Neil Malcolm , York William S. , Hahn Michael G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA collection of 130 new plant cell wall glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was generated with the aim of facilitating in-depth analysis of cell wall glycans. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based screen against a diverse panel of 54 plant polysaccharides was used to characterize the binding patterns of these new mAbs, together with 50 other previously generated mAbs, against plant cell wall glycans. Hierarchical clustering analysis was used to group these mAbs based on the polysaccharide recognition patterns observed. The mAb groupings in the resulting cladogram were further verified by immunolocalization studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) stems. The mAbs could be resolved into 19 clades of antibodies that recognize distinct epitopes present on all major classes of plant cell wall glycans, including arabinogalactans (both protein- and polysaccharide-linked), pectins (homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I), xyloglucans, xylans, mannans, and glucans. In most cases, multiple subclades of antibodies were observed to bind to each glycan class, suggesting that the mAbs in these subgroups recognize distinct epitopes present on the cell wall glycans. The epitopes recognized by many of the mAbs in the toolkit, particularly those recognizing arabinose- and/or galactose-containing structures, are present on more than one glycan class, consistent with the known structural diversity and complexity of plant cell wall glycans. Thus, these cell wall glycan-directed mAbs should be viewed and utilized as epitope-specific, rather than polymer-specific, probes. The current world-wide toolkit of approximately 180 glycan-directed antibodies from various laboratories provides a large and diverse set of probes for studies of plant cell wall structure, function, dynamics, and biosynthesis.
Achieving better performance through target cost contracts
Authors: Chan Daniel W.M. , Lam Patrick T.I. , Chan Albert P.C. , Wong James M.W. 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the implementation framework, project performance, underlying motives, perceived benefits, potential difficulties, as well as critical success factors, of adopting the target cost contracting (TCC) form of procurement, based on an in‐depth real‐life case study of a challenging underground railway station modification project in Hong Kong.Design/methodology/approachThe case project was analysed by means of the related project documentation and face‐to‐face interviews with the relevant senior representatives from the client organisation.FindingsThe target cost‐based procurement strategy generates a plethora of benefits throughout the whole delivery process of the project case, including the provision of cost incentives for the contractor to work efficiently, aligning individual goals of various contracting parties with the overall project objectives, achieving better value for money and more satisfactory overall project performance in terms of time, cost and dispute occurrence.Practical implicationsAlthough the selected TCC case study project is based in Hong Kong, the research findings and hands‐on experience of the relevant industrial practitioners may be cross‐referenced to other similar TCC projects in other parts of the world for international comparisons.Originality/valueThe paper provides some useful insights into assisting key project stakeholders in maximising the benefits, whilst minimising the detriments brought about by potential difficulties in launching the TCC scheme. It seeks more research evidence to evaluate the entire project delivery process, and capture the levels of success and lessons learned from previous TCC construction projects for generating best practice recommendations to achieve better construction performance.
Effects of web experience on consumer choice: a multicultural approach
Authors: Constantinides Efthymios , Lorenzo‐Romero Carlota , Gómez Miguel A. 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to analyze the buying behavior of internet users in two European countries with different cultural backgrounds, Spain and The Netherlands, assessing the influence of online experience factors on the choice of an internet vendor. It also aims to identify and compare the influence of personal and behavioral characteristics on the e‐vendor choice.Design/methodology/approachThe study simulated a realistic virtual shopping activity in the computer laboratory; participants had to complete an online shopping assignment and an online questionnaire.FindingsThe findings indicate that the basic traits of the online consumer behavior of internet users in the two countries are quite similar. Most of the disparities observed are attributed to different levels of experience with the internet as a commercial channel.Research limitations/implicationsThe outcome could suggest the emergence of a global virtual village, an issue worthy of further research but also of particular importance for global web vendors and website designers. The basic limitation of the study is that it is conducted in only two European countries and refers only to online purchasing of a standardized tangible consumer product.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study can be translated to web design guidelines useful to online organizations operating in different cultural or ethnic environments.Originality/valueThe paper presents one of the first studies comparing the influence of online experience factors in two culturally different countries.
Maternal and abiotic effects on egg mortality and hatchling size of turtles: temporal variation in selection over seven years
Authors: Warner Daniel A. , Jorgensen Christopher F. , Janzen Fredric J. 
Published: April 2010

Summary1. Maternal and environmental factors influence embryo development and offspring phenotypes in ways that are likely to impact fitness. Most studies that address this issue, however, fail to mimic the complexities of natural environmental parameters and only quantify selection during a single season.2. In this study, we examined year‐to‐year variation in how maternal factors (egg mass, nesting phenology and nest‐site choice) and external abiotic factors (temperature and precipitation) impact egg survival and hatchling morphology in the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) over seven nesting seasons in the field. In addition, we quantify annual variation in the strength and form of selection operating on maternal factors.3. Overall, our results demonstrated very low, if any, consistency in how maternal and environmental factors impact egg survival and hatchling size in the field. That is, different variables had different effects in different years. Accordingly, the strength and form of natural selection operating on egg size, nesting phenology and nest‐site choice were inconsistent across years, suggesting low potential for substantive or directional evolutionary shifts in these maternal effects.4. These results may partially explain why traits like egg size and nest‐site choice exhibit variation (i.e. are not perfectly optimized), and highlight the importance of multiyear field studies in gaining a more complete picture of the factors driving variation in critical early life‐history events and demographic parameters.
Lipopolysaccharide‐induced expression of TRAIL promotes dendritic cell differentiation
Authors: Cho Young S. , Challa Sreerupa , Clancy Lauren , Chan Francis K.‐M. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryTumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a death‐inducing cytokine whose physiological function is not well understood. Here, we show that TRAIL has a role in programming human dendritic cell (DC) differentiation. TRAIL expression was strongly induced in DCs upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Polyinosine‐polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) stimulation. Blockade of TRAIL with neutralizing antibody partially inhibited LPS‐induced up‐regulation of co‐stimulatory molecules and the expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) p70. In addition, neutralization of TRAIL in LPS‐treated DCs inhibited the DC‐driven differentiation of T cells into interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) ‐producing effectors. The effects of TRAIL neutralization in poly(I:C)‐treated DCs were similar, except that IL‐12 production and the differentiation of effector T cells into IFN‐γ producers were not inhibited. Strikingly, TRAIL stimulation alone was sufficient to induce morphological changes resembling DC maturation, up‐regulation of co‐stimulatory molecules, and enhancement of DC‐driven allogeneic T‐cell proliferation. However, TRAIL alone did not induce inflammatory cytokine production. We further show that the effects of TRAIL on DC maturation were not the result of the induction of apoptosis, but may involve p38 activation. Hence, our data demonstrate that TRAIL co‐operates with other cytokines to facilitate DC functional maturation in response to Toll‐like receptor activation.
The anti‐inflammatory effects of interleukin‐4 are not mediated by suppressor of cytokine signalling‐1 (SOCS1)
Authors: Woodward Eleanor A. , Prêle Cecilia M. , Nicholson Sandra E. , Kolesnik Tatiana B. , Hart Prue H. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryWhile it is known that the anti‐inflammatory effects of interleukin (IL)‐4 require new protein synthesis, the exact mechanisms by which IL‐4 suppresses the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by human monocytes and macrophages is unclear. IL‐4 rapidly induced suppressor of cytokine signalling‐1 (SOCS1) mRNA and protein, which peaked at 60 min, much earlier than lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced SOCS1 mRNA and protein which were consistently maximal 4 hr post‐exposure. SOCS1 is a molecule generally considered to be induced for negative feedback of inflammatory processes. We investigated whether the early induction of SOCS1 by IL‐4 was responsible for the suppression of LPS‐induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α production by IL‐4. IL‐4 suppressed LPS‐induced TNF‐α in freshly isolated monocytes at the level of transcription but acted by a different, possibly translational, mechanism in monocytes cultured overnight in macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF). Despite different modes of regulation by IL‐4, the kinetics and magnitude of induction of SOCS1 mRNA and protein by IL‐4 in the two cell types were identical. There was no significant difference in the suppression by IL‐4 of LPS‐induced TNF‐α production by bone‐marrow derived macrophages from wild‐type mice, Ifnγ−/− mice and mice lacking SOCS1 (Socs1−/−Ifnγ−/−). These data suggest that SOCS1 is not involved in the suppression of LPS‐induced TNF‐α production by IL‐4.
The oral health of children considered very high risk for infective endocarditis
Authors: BALMER RICHARD , BOORAS GEORGIA , PARSONS JONATHAN 
Published: April 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 173–178 Background.  Children with previous experience of infective endocarditis or with prosthetic heart valve are considered at very high risk for infective endocarditis.Aim.  The aim of this study was to compare the dental health of a group of these children with a group of healthy controls and to determine parental awareness of the importance of good oral health.Design.  Oral examination was carried out in 28 children with previous infective endocarditis or a prosthetic heart valve to assess oral health. Findings were compared to a healthy control group of 28. Questionnaires were distributed to the parents to assess awareness of oral health.Results.  There was no significant difference in DMFT scores of study and control group (2.43 +/‐ 3.72 and 1.36 +/‐ 2.5 respectively) or in DMFT scores of study and control group (1.5 +/‐ 1.73 and 1.15 +/‐ 1.42 respectively), 36% of the study group had untreated caries. Parental knowledge of the link between oral health and infective endocarditis was excellent.Conclusions.  There were no significant differences between the oral health of cardiac children and healthy children although the dmft and DMFT scores of the study group were high. Of concern was the proportion of children with untreated caries in spite of good dental awareness and attendance.
Oral health in pre‐school children with asthma – followed from 3 to 6 years
Authors: STENSSON MALIN , WENDT LILL‐KARI , KOCH GÖRAN , NILSSON MATS , OLDAEUS GÖRAN , BIRKHED DOWEN 
Published: April 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 165–172 Objective.  The aim of this study was to investigate caries and its determinants in preschool children with and without asthma, followed from 3 to 6 years.Methods and subjects.  Caries, plaque, and gingivitis were examined at 3 and 6 years of age in 64 asthmatic children and 50 matched, healthy control children. Furthermore, at 6 years radiographic examination and saliva sampling were conducted. The parents were interviewed about various oral health‐related factors.Results.  Initial caries increment between 3 and 6 years of age was statistically significant higher for children with asthma compared with children without asthma (P < 0.05). Asthmatic children had more bleeding gingivitis and a higher consumption of sugary drinks than healthy children at 3 years of age (P < 0.05). At both 3 and 6 years of age, the asthmatic children were more frequently mouth breathers than healthy children, only statistically significant for 6‐year olds (P < 0.05).Conclusion.  Preschool children with asthma at 3 years of age run a higher risk of developing caries lesions until 6 years of age compared with children without asthma. Children with asthma have a higher prevalence of bleeding gingivitis, a higher intake of sugary drinks and are more frequently mouth breathers than preschool children without asthma.
Long‐term follow up of root canal treated primary molars
Authors: MOSKOVITZ MOTI , YAHAV DANA , TICKOTSKY NILI , HOLAN GIDEON 
Published: April 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 207–213 Background.  Root canal treatment (RCT) is commonly performed to preserve primary molars with an infected or necrotic pulp.Aim.  This study evaluates the long‐term effects of RCT in primary molars on the development and eruption of their permanent successors.Methods.  This is a retrospective study of treatment of pulpectomised primary molars in a public dental clinic. All teeth were treated by the same operator using the same material (Endoflas F.S.) and the same method. Records of 194 patients with 242 pulpectomised primary molars (124 in 97 boys and 118 in 97 girls) met the inclusion criteria. The children’s age at the time of treatment ranged from 5 to 11 years (mean 6.72). Follow‐up time ranged from 6 to 113 months (mean 33.5).Results.  Eight (3.3%) of the 242 primary molars presented a new radiolucent defect or enlargement of existing periapical radiolucency. Of the 106 molars followed until eruption of the permanent successor, none had radiographic pathological signs. Of 17 permanent teeth evaluated clinically, three were erupted into a rotated alignment, and one premolar presented hypocalcified defect in the enamel.Conclusions.  Failure of root canal treatment in primary molars may be evident from development of new radiolucent defects or enlargement of existing defects. No relationship was found between RCT in the primary molars and the appearance of enamel defects or the ectopic eruption of following permanent teeth.