bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixture distribution and flame propagation in a heavy-duty liquid petroleum gas engine with liquid phase injection
Authors: Oh S , Bae C 
Published: April 2011

Enhanced mixture preparation by liquid phase injection on to the port could promote the application of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in spark ignition (SI) engines. Mixture distribution and flame propagation of the liquid phase LPG injection (LPLI) engine with a large bore size were investigated in a single-cylinder optical engine which had optical accesses through both sides of the cylinder liner and bottom of the piston. LPG fuel distribution was visualized quantitively by the acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) method. In addition, a series of bottom-view images were taken by direct visualization using a high-speed camera. Flow conditions were varied with the shapes of intake port and piston geometries characterized by different swirl and squish flows. The effects of fuel injection timings were also studied to characterize the mixture preparation for open-valve injection and closed-valve injection. Stronger swirl with a swirl ratio of 3.4 and squish flow with a cylindrical piston bowl shape showed faster flame propagations under the open-valve injection condition with preferable mixture formation. On the contrary, closed-valve injection caused the undesirable mixture distribution of the mixture at the ignition, which led to a leaner mixture distribution near the spark plug.
The genome of self-complementary adeno-associated viral vectors increases Toll-like receptor 9–dependent innate immune responses in the liver
Authors: Martino Ashley T. , Suzuki Masataka , Markusic David M. , Zolotukhin Irene , Ryals Renee C. , Moghimi Babak , Ertl Hildegund C. J. , Muruve Daniel A. , Lee Brendan , Herzog Roland W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAlthough adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have been successfully used in hepatic gene transfer for treatment of hemophilia and other diseases in animals, adaptive immune responses blocked long-term transgene expression in patients on administration of single-stranded AAV serotype-2 vector. More efficient vectors have been developed using alternate capsids and self-complimentary (sc) genomes. This study investigated their effects on the innate immune profile on hepatic gene transfer to mice. A mild and transient up-regulation of myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88), TLR9, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, IFN-γ inducible protein-10, and IFN-α/β expression in the liver was found after single-stranded AAV vector administration, regardless of the capsid sequence. In contrast, scAAV vectors induced higher increases of these transcripts, upregulated additional proinflammatory genes, and increased circulating IL-6. Neutrophil, macrophage, and natural killer cell liver infiltrates were substantially higher on injection of scAAV. Some but not all of these responses were Kupffer cell dependent. Independent of the capsid or expression cassette, scAAV vectors induced dose-dependent innate responses by signaling through TLR9. Increased innate responses to scAAV correlated with stronger adaptive immune responses against capsid (but not against the transgene product). However, these could be blunted by transient inhibition of TLR9.
Osteopontin, asbestos exposure and pleural plaques: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mastrangelo Giuseppe , Marangi Gianluca , Ballarin Maria N , Michilin Silvia , Fabricio Aline SC , Valentini Flavio , Lange John H , Fedeli Ugo , Cegolon Luca , Gion Massimo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Osteopontin (OPN) is a plasma protein/cytokine produced in excess in several malignancies. In a recent study OPN was reported as being related to the duration of asbestos exposure and presence of benign asbestos-related diseases; however, it was unclear whether this protein was an indicator of exposure or effect.

Methods
In 193 workers, 50 with pleural plaques (PP), in whom different indicators of past asbestos exposure were estimated, OPN plasma levels were assessed using commercial quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassays according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Results
Osteopontin increased with increasing age and several aspects of asbestos exposure, without differences related to the presence of pleural plaques. At multivariable regression analysis, the explanatory variables with a significant independent influence on OPN were length of exposure (positive correlation) and time elapsed since last exposure (positive correlation).

Conclusions
Since asbestos in lung tissue tends to wane over time, OPN should decrease (rather than increase) with time since last exposure. Therefore, OPN cannot be a reliable biomarker of exposure nor effect (presence of pleural plaques).
Systematic review on the treatment of pentoxifylline in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Li Wenjun , Zheng Liu , Sheng Chunjun , Cheng Xiaoyun , Qing Liu , Qu Shen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundAs an anti-TNF agent that targets inflammatory process directly, Pentoxifylline has been investigated for treatment of NASH in individual studies and pilot trials for years. We summarized the available information and generating hypotheses for future research.Data SourcesGoogle, Cochrane, MEDLINE, and EMBASE and theChinese Biomedicaldata bases for studies restricted to pentoxifylline treatment in humans with NAFLD in all languages until June 2010. Six studies (2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials; 4 prospective cohort studies) extracted from 11604 references.ResultsPentoxifylline-treated patients showed a significant decrease AST (n = 37,P= 0.01) and ALT (n = 50,P= 0.03), but no significant effect on IL-6 (n = 36,P= 0.33) and TNF-α (n = 68,P= 0.26) compared with Placebo or UDCA-controlled groups. Improvement in one or more histological variables was reported in two trails, only 1 study showed a reduction in of one or two points in fibrosis stage.LimitationsThe trails did not consistently report all of the outcomes of interest. Sample sizes (117 patients totally) were small and only 2 out of 6 studies had a randomized, controlled design.ConclusionPentoxifylline reduce AST and ALT levels and may improve liver histological scores in patients with NALFD/NASH, but did not appear to affect cytokines. Large, prospective, and well-designed randomized, controlled studies are needed to address this issue. Novel therapeutic targets for activation of inflammatory signaling pathways by fat also merit investigation.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for melanoma and renal cell carcinoma: impact of single fraction equivalent dose on local control
Authors: Stinauer Michelle A , Kavanagh Brian D , Schefter Tracey E , Gonzalez Rene , Flaig Thomas , Lewis Karl , Robinson William , Chidel Mark , Glode Michael , Raben David 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are traditionally considered less radioresponsive than other histologies. Whereas stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) involves radiation dose intensification via escalation, we hypothesize SBRT might result in similar high local control rates as previously published on metastases of varying histologies.

Methods
The records of patients with metastatic melanoma (n = 17 patients, 28 lesions) or RCC (n = 13 patients, 25 lesions) treated with SBRT were reviewed. Local control (LC) was defined pathologically by negative biopsy or radiographically by lack of tumor enlargement on CT or stable/declining standardized uptake value (SUV) on PET scan. The SBRT dose regimen was converted to the single fraction equivalent dose (SFED) to characterize the dose-control relationship using a logistic tumor control probability (TCP) model. Additionally, the kinetics of decline in maximum SUV (SUVmax) were analyzed.

Results
The SBRT regimen was 40-50 Gy/5 fractions (n = 23) or 42-60 Gy/3 fractions (n = 30) delivered to lung (n = 39), liver (n = 11) and bone (n = 3) metastases. Median follow-up for patients alive at the time of analysis was 28.0 months (range, 4-68). The actuarial LC was 88% at 18 months. On univariate analysis, higher dose per fraction (p < 0.01) and higher SFED (p = 0.06) were correlated with better LC, as was the biologic effective dose (BED, p < 0.05). The actuarial rate of LC at 24 months was 100% for SFED ≥45 Gy v 54% for SFED <45 Gy. TCP modeling indicated that to achieve ≥90% 2 yr LC in a 3 fraction regimen, a prescription dose of at least 48 Gy is required. In 9 patients followed with PET scans, the mean pre-SBRT SUVmax was 7.9 and declined with an estimated half-life of 3.8 months to a post-treatment plateau of approximately 3.

Conclusions
An aggressive SBRT regimen with SFED ≥ 45 Gy is effective for controlling metastatic melanoma and RCC. The SFED metric appeared to be as robust as the BED in characterizing dose-response, though additional studies are needed. The LC rates achieved are comparable to those obtained with SBRT for other histologies, suggesting a dominant mechanism of in vivo tumor ablation that overrides intrinsic differences in cellular radiosensitivity between histologic subtypes.
An outcome analysis of self-expandable metallic stents in central airway obstruction: a cohort study
Authors: Chung Fu-Tsai , Chen Hao-Cheng , Chou Chun-Liang , Yu Chih-Teng , Kuo Chih-Hsi , Kuo Han-Pin , Lin Shu-Min 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) have provided satisfactory management of central airway obstruction. However, the long-term benefits and complications of this management modality in patients with benign and malignant obstructing lesions after SEMS placement are unclear. We performed this cohort study to analyze the outcomes of Ultraflex SEMSs in patients with tracheobronchial diseases.

Methods
Of 149 patients, 72 with benign and 77 with malignant tracheobronchial disease received 211 SEMSs (benign, 116; malignant, 95) and were retrospectively reviewed in a tertiary hospital.

Results
The baseline characteristics of patients who received SEMS implantation for benign conditions and those who underwent implantation for malignant conditions were significantly different. These characteristics included age (mean, 63.9 vs. 58; p < 0.01), gender (male, 62% vs. 90%; p < 0.0001), smoking (47% vs. 85%; p < 0.0001), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (mean, 0.9 vs. 1.47 L/s; p < 0.0001), follow-up days after SEMS implantation (median; 429 vs. 57; p < 0.0001), and use of covered SEMS (36.2% vs. 94.7%; p < 0.0001). Symptoms improved more after SEMS implantation in patients with benign conditions than in those with malignant conditions (76.7% vs. 51.6%; p < 0.0001). The overall complication rate after SEMS implantation in patients with benign conditions was higher than that in patients with malignancy (42.2% vs. 21.1%; p = 0.001). Successful management of SEMS migration, granulation tissue formation, and SEMS fracture occurred in 100%, 81.25%, and 85% of patients, respectively.

Conclusions
Patients who received SEMS implantation owing to benign conditions had worse lung function and were older than those who received SEMS for malignancies. There was higher complication rate in patients with benign conditions after a longer follow-up period owing to the nature of the underlying diseases.
The Effect of Boron on Processing and Phosphorescence Behavior of SrAl4O7 (SA2) Co-doped with Eu2+ and Dy3+
Authors: Eskin Murat G. , Kurt Hasan , Gulgun Mehmet Ali , Ow-Yang Cleva W. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTSrAl4O7 (SA2) phosphor powders were synthesized by using a modified Pechini process. Varying amounts of boron was incorporated into the SA2 lattice to investigate the effects on crystal structure and optical properties. X-ray spectra showed that boron addition enhances phase purity of the powder at a calcination temperature of 1000 °C, whereas the formation of a new S4A7 phase was induced when a calcination temperature of 1100 °C was used. The afterglow duration was extended to longer than 5 hours when boron was present in 4-11 mol%. To elucidate the enhanced optical properties, interband trap characteristics were studied by thermoluminescence and photoluminescence.
Interventional Pain Management using Fluoroscopy and Ultrasound Imaging Techniques
Authors: Evansa Irina , Vasilevskis Edgars , Aron Michail , Logina Inara , Vanags Indulis 
Published: April 2011

Interventional Pain Management using Fluoroscopy and Ultrasound Imaging Techniques
Interventional injection therapies play a major role in the management of various pain conditions and are becoming an integral part of the multidisciplinary therapies required to improve and rehabilitate pain patients. Many of these procedures have historically been performed without imaging guidance. Imaging-guided techniques with fluoroscopy or ultrasound increase the precision of these procedures and help confirm needle placement. Imaging-guided techniques should lead to better results and reduced complication rates and they are now becoming more popular. These improvements are probably due in part also to better patient selection by experienced pain physicians.
Resection of the First Rib for Fibrous Dysplasia by Transmanubrial Approach
Authors: Silins Ints , Simanovica Ilze , Rone Ilga 
Published: April 2011

Resection of the First Rib for Fibrous Dysplasia by Transmanubrial Approach
Primary tumours of the first rib remains a rarity, but the diagnosis and the surgical approach are quite challenging because of the anatomical difficulties in approaching it and the closeness of subclavian vessels. The anterior transmanubrial approach gives an excellent exposure, especially when approaching the anterior part of the first rib. Diagnosis quite often can be approved just by the histo-pathological examination of the resected specimen. We describe the management of such a case, when diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia was confirmed postoperatively.
Multislice Computed Tomography Imaging of Diverticultis Complication: Colovenous Fistula
Authors: Radzina Maija , Laganovskis Andris , Tirane Mara , Zvaigzne Ligita , Prieditis Peteris , Bruns Voldemars , Lugovska Svetlana 
Published: April 2011

Multislice Computed Tomography Imaging of Diverticultis Complication: Colovenous Fistula
Acute colon pathology as diverticulitis is a frequent and important gastrointestinal disease, but the clinical diagnosis is often difficult to state. Several radiological studies have been used to assist in the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis (e.g. barium enema, ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT). Colovenous fistula is a rare complication of diverticulitis. We have analyzed MSCT imaging role in evaluation of such complicated form of diverticular disease.
"Lutembacher's Syndrome" - A Case Report
Authors: Ali SY , Rahman M , Islam M , Barman RC , Ali MY , Islam MMSU 
Published: April 2011

Lutembacher's Syndrome is a rare heart disease comprises ASD (congenital) secundum with Mitral stenosis (Rheumatic origin). The patient Md. Mosharraf Hossain, 72 years old man, non diabetic, non hypertensive, smoker admitted in FMCH on 10.10.2010 with the complaints of respiratory distress and chest pain for 10 days. He had a previous history of Rheumatic fever in early childhood. There was history of recurrent attack of Rheumatic fever. Subsequently he developed MS from Rheumatic carditis. ASD was congenital in origin. If diagnosis could be done earlier, surgical closure of ASD with replacement of mitral valve bears a good prognostic value. Our patient is in elderly age and already developed pulmonary hypertension, operative procedure is not suitable. So the patient should be kept in conservative treatment. Key words: Lutembacher's syndrome; Atrial Septal Defect; Mitral stenosis; Septum primium; Septum secundum. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7414 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2011;6(1): 59-60
Nuklearmedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Grgic A. , Kotzerke J. , Kirsch C.-M. , Hellwig D. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryAim: To explain the spectrum and number of in-vivo nuclear medicine examinations and therapies based on official statistics about out-patient and in-patient care. Trends in time of the frequency and spectrum of procedures as well as data on the health care structure for nuclear medicine in Germany should be collected. Methods: Data from the Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes, from the frequency statistics of the statutory health insurance for out-patients and from the Bundes - ärztekammer were used. Customized queries were performed to analyse temporal changes. Results: Nuclear medicine physicians are more frequently consulted by out-patients over the last years (2008: 2 024 498; 2009: 2 164 664) and the number of colleagues in private practice increased. For in-patients, the frequency of conventional nuclear medicine procedures (mainly for brain, lymphatic system, lung and heart) increased since 2008 after a decline in previous years (2009: 323 515; +4.6%) and the number of PET(/CT) examinations continued to rise (2009: 25 123; +18%), even if changes in OPS keys may hamper comparisons. Nearly 600 gamma cameras and 76 PET(/CT) scanners were installed in hospitals in 2008. Nuclear medicine procedures are increasingly performed as cross sectional imaging like SPECT(/CT) and PET(/CT). With the supply shortfall with 99Mo, the frequency of thyroid scans with 123I iodine increased as well as the use of 18F PET as a substitute for conventional bone scans. The number of radionuclide therapies, in particular non-thyroid treatments, increased since the mid-nineties and stabilized at nearly 50 000 cases per year with shorter lengths of stay. Conclusion: The details of the present analysis may help to understand the positive evolution of key numbers for nuclear medicine.
First‐Principles Study on Introducing Fluorine Doping and Sulfur Vacancy into MoS2 for Advanced Lithium Storage
Authors: Xu Zhiling , Liao Yanbing , Lin Kaihui , Guan Jiayi , Lin Yuda , Qiu Liting 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMoS2, a potential anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), boasts high specific capacity, a unique layered structure, and large interlayer spacing, but struggles with poor conductivity and volume effect. Starting from improving the intrinsic electronic conductivity of MoS2, this study innovatively introduces F‐doping and sulfur vacancies into MoS2 crystals to form F‐MoS2‐x crystals, and investigates its structural features and LIBs applications through first‐principle calculations. The rationality and stability of F‐MoS2−x are calculated by phonon spectra. The density of states calculations reveals that F‐doping and sulfur vacancies effectively alter MoS2's electronic state, reducing its intrinsic band‐gap and confirming F‐MoS2‐x's superior electronic conductivity theoretically. They also significantly decrease lithium‐ion diffusion resistance on F‐MoS2‐x's surface, potentially enabling high‐rate performance. Besides, the calculation of adsorption energy and differential charge density reveals strong adsorption between F‐MoS2‐x and lithium ions, which favors long‐term cycle stability. Notably, with each F‐MoS2‐x molecule storing up to 4.5 Li, corresponding to a theoretical capacity of 769 mAh g−1, higher than MoS2's 670 mAh g−1. This study provides a meaningful reference value for the modification of MoS2.
A Mitochondria‐Targeted Biomimetic Nanomedicine Capable of Reversing Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Through Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Xu Zhiyuan , Wang Jian , Wu Chunrong , Zhang Lin , Qian Chengyuan , Luo Yang , Gu Yanjuan , Wong Wing‐Tak , Xiang Debing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractChemoresistance and metastasis are the main obstacles to the clinical success of anticancer treatment and are responsible for most cancer deaths. Developing effective approaches to reverse chemoresistance and inhibit metastasis is essential for efficient chemotherapy. Mitochondria are important sources of cellular energy and are involved in mediating chemoresistance and driving tumor metastasis. Due to the relatively weak DNA repair capacity of mitochondria, targeting mitochondria may reverse chemoresistance and provide a paradigm for metastatic cancer treatment. Herein, exosomes (Exos) modified with integrin ligands and mitochondriotropic molecules are synthesized for encapsulating oxaliplatin (OXA) to construct a sequentially targeted and mitochondrion‐dysfunctional nanodrug (OXA@Exo‐RD). Subsequent investigations confirm that OXA@Exo‐RD targeted cancer cells and mitochondria in sequence, and OXA delivered to mitochondria lacking DNA repair mechanisms reduce the likelihood of deactivation. Furthermore, the OXA@Exo‐RD promotes the overproduction of ROS, inhibited ATP generation, and induces mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis and mitochondrial dysregulation. Finally, OXA@Exo‐RD shows the potential to inhibit the growth and metastasis of HCT116/OXA cells in vitro, which is further validated in subcutaneous and orthotopic CRC models, as well as in CRC metastasis models. Taken together, this dual‐targeting nanomedicine induces apoptosis via mitochondrial signaling pathways, providing an attractive strategy for the treatment of drug‐resistant CRC.
Copper in cancer: friend or foe? Metabolism, dysregulation, and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Shan Dan , Song Jinling , Ren Yuqing , Zhang Yuyuan , Ba Yuhao , Luo Peng , Cheng Quan , Xu Hui , Weng Siyuan , Zuo Anning , Liu Shutong , Han Xinwei , Deng Jinhai , Liu Zaoqu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCopper, one of the essential nutrients for the human body, acts as an electron relay in multiple pathways due to its redox properties. Both deficiencies and excesses of copper lead to cellular fragility. Therefore, it can manifest pro‐ and anti‐cancer properties in tumors. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the copper activity within the cell. We have thoughtfully summarized the metabolic activities of copper from a macro and micro perspective. Cuproptosis, as well as other forms of cell death, is directly or indirectly interfered with by Cu2+, causing cancer cell death. Meanwhile, we did pan‐cancer analysis of cuproptosis‐related genes to further clarify the roles of these genes. In addition, copper has been found to be involved in multiple pathways within the metastasis of cancer cells. Given the complexity of copper's role, we are compelled to ask: is copper a friend or a foe? Up to now, copper has been used in various clinical applications, including protocols for measurement of copper concentration and bioimaging of radioactive 64Cu. But therapeutically it is still a continuation of the old medicine, and new possibilities need to be explored, such as the use of nanomaterials. Some studies have also shown that copper has considerable interventional power in metabolic cancers, which provides the great applications potential of copper therapy in specific cancer types. This paper reviews the dual roles played by cuproptosis in cancer from the new perspectives of oxidative stress, cell death, and tumor metastasis, and points out the value of its application in specific cancer types, summarizes the value of its testing and imaging from the perspective of clinical application as well as the current feasible options for the new use of the old drugs, and emphasizes the prospects for the application of nano‐copper.
Experiential Reflecting Teams in the Training of Group Counselors
Authors: Henry Melissa C. , Woo Hongryun , Zoernig Emily L. , Schmidt Noah C. , Campbell Brennen , Bozarth Whitney 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUsing a comparative case study design, this study explored the reflecting team (RT) method in group training among counseling students (n = 26). Participants were assigned to either the experiential group (EG) or RT, and group climate was assessed using the Group Climate Questionnaire (GCQ‐S). Results indicated that RT members reported higher avoidance, but similar levels of engagement and conflict compared to EG members. Rooted in social constructivist theory, the study explored experiential instruction in group training.