bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical tolerance during low dose propylene glycol exposure in neonates: A formulation-controlled evaluation
Authors: Kulo Aida , Smits Anne , Naulaers Gunnar , de Hoon Jan , Allegaert Karel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground and purpose of the studyPropylene glycol (PG) is a frequently co-administered solvent in formulations administered to neonates, but reports on its (in)tolerance are limited. We aimed to report on renal, metabolic and hepatic tolerance before, during and following intravenous (iv) PG-paracetamol exposure and compared these data with similar datasets reported in literature on neonates exposed to PG without paracetamol or paracetamol without PG.MethodsRenal (diuresis, creatinemia, sodium), metabolic (Base Excess, Anion Gap, lactate, bicarbonate) and hepatic (liver enzymes, bilirubinemia) indicators before, during and following iv paracetamol-PG exposure in neonates as included in the PARANEO (paracetamol inneonates) study (intra-individual trends, ANOVA) were collected and analysed. Comparison with observations collected in cases exposed to either iv phenobarbital-PG or iv paracetamol-mannitol (inter-individual comparison, Mann Whitney-Utest) were made.ResultsPG exposure (median 34.1 mg/kg/24 h) did not affect postnatal renal, metabolic and hepatic adaptations in 60 cases exposed to paracetamol-PG. These indicators were similar when compared to 29 cases exposed to phenobarbital-PG or 172 cases exposed to paracetamol-mannitol.Major conclusionBased on observations in 89 neonates, low dose PG exposure was tolerated well. Studies on PG pharmacokinetics and its covariates are needed to estimate the upper level of PG tolerance in neonates.
Generalized diamond-α dynamic opial inequalities
Authors: Atasever Nuriye , Kaymakçalan Billûr , Lešaja Goran , Taş Kenan 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
We establish some new dynamic Opial-type diamond alpha inequalities in time scales. Our results in special cases yield some of the recent results on Opial's inequality and also provide new estimates on inequalities of this type. Also, we introduce an example to illustrate our result.

Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: 39A12; 26D15; 49K05
Multi-view alignment with database of features for an improved usage of high-end 3D scanners
Authors: Bonarrigo Francesco , Signoroni Alberto , Leonardi Riccardo 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The usability of high-precision and high-resolution 3D scanners is of crucial importance due to the increasing demand of 3D data in both professional and general-purpose applications. Simplified, intuitive and rapid object modeling requires effective and automated alignment pipelines capable to trace back each independently acquired range image of the scanned object into a common reference system. To this end, we propose a reliable and fast feature-based multiple-view alignment pipeline that allows interactive registration of multiple views according to an unchained acquisition procedure. A robust alignment of each new view is estimated with respect to the previously aligned data through fast extraction, representation and matching of feature points detected in overlapping areas from different views. The proposed pipeline guarantees a highly reliable alignment of dense range image datasets on a variety of objects in few seconds per million of points.
Family Environment and Behavior Problems in Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Greenberg Jan S. , Seltzer Marsha Mailick , Baker Jason K. , Smith Leann E. , F. Warren Steven , Brady Nancy , Hong Jinkuk 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
We examine how the family environment is associated with aspects of the Fragile X syndrome phenotype during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Mothers of children (n  =  48), adolescents (n  =  85), and adults (n  =  34) with Fragile X syndrome participated in a multisite study. For children and adults with Fragile X syndrome, the presence of warmth and positivity and the absence of criticism were associated with fewer behavior problems. Although a higher level of criticism was significantly associated with greater behavior problems, there were only trend-level associations between levels of warmth and positivity and behavior problems during the adolescent years. The provision of family psychoeducation programs, which can reduce parental criticism, would likely benefit both the individual with Fragile X syndrome and the family.
Der Auftakt zur Verfolgung der Juden in Frankreich 1940
Authors: Bruttmann Tal , Joly Laurent , Lambauer Barbara 
Published: July 2012

Vorspann
Der Holocaust war ein deutsches Projekt. Er wurde von Deutschen initiiert und vorangetrieben, aber er fand in ganz Europa erschreckend viel Sympathie, auch in Frankreich, wo sich nach dem deutschen Sieg die Vichy-Regierung klar und fast ohne deutsches Zutun für eine antisemitische Politik entschied. So lautete, knapp gefasst, die These, die Michael Mayer vor kurzem in den Vierteljahrsheften (Juli 2010) vertrat. Diese These hat nicht nur Zustimmung gefunden. War der deutsche Einfluss auf Vichy-Frankreich nicht doch viel größer, als es Mayer vermutet?
Sustainable This, Sustainable That: New Materialisms, Posthumanism, and Unknown Futures
Authors: Alaimo Stacy 
Published: July 2012

mornings in the unknown future. Who shall repair this now. And how the futuretakes shapetoo quickly. The permanent is ebbing. Is leaving—Jorie Graham, “Sea Change”Conserving This, Conserving ThatJust a few lines from jorie graham's poem “sea change” evoke anxiety about unpredictable futures that arrive too soon, in need of repair. The abrupt departure of a sense of permanence may provoke the desire to arrest change, to shore up solidity, to make things, systems, standards of living “sustainable.” Having worked in the environmental humanities and in science studies for the last decade and having served as the academic cochair of the University Sustainability Committee at the University of Texas, Arlington, for several years, I have been struck by how the discourse of sustainability at the turn of the twenty-first century in the United States echoes the discourse of conservation at the turn of the twentieth century, especially in its tendency to render the lively world a storehouse of supplies for the elite. Gifford Pinchot, Theodore Roosevelt's head of forestry, defined forests as “manufacturing plants for wood,” epitomizing the utilitarianism of the conservation movement of the Progressive era, which saw nature as a resource for human use. By the early twentieth century Pinchot's deadening conception of nature jostled with other ideas, such as those of aesthetic conservation and the fledgling science of ecology. Pinchot was joined by the Progressive women conservationists, who claimed, as part of the broader “municipal housekeeping” movement, that women had special domestic talents for conservation, such as “turning yesterday's roast into tomorrow's hash.” Many Progressive women conservationists not only bolstered traditional gender roles but also wove classism and racism into their conservation mission, as conservation became bound up with conserving their own privileges. The anthropocentrism of the Progressive women conservationists is notable. As a participant in the First National Conservation Congress stated in 1909, “Why do we care about forests and streams? Because of the children who are to be naked and bare and poor without them in the years to come unless you men of this great conservation work do well your work.” During their conventions the discourse of conservation was playfully and not so playfully extended to myriad causes, including conserving food, conserving the home, conserving morals, conserving “true womanliness,” conserving “the race,” conserving “the farmer's wife,” and conserving time by omitting a speech (Alaimo,Undomesticated Ground63–70).
An apparatus for measuring dimensional changes in fresh cement paste
Authors: Cromarty R. E. , Bryden J. G. 
Published: July 2012

Summary The apparatus described measures length changes in fresh cement paste to an accuracy of one part in two thousand. The calibration may readily be checked at the end of each measurement by a micrometer which forms part of the apparatus. The cement paste specimen floats on mercury and is thus subject to low restraining forces. The displacement is measured by a linear variable-differential transformer and the temperature of the paste is measured by a thermistor. These variables are recorded continuously on a two-channel strip chart recorder. Curing conditions can be pre-set or varied during an experiment. Data are presented showing dimensional and temperature changes in an ordinary Portland cement.
A new approach to the yield criterion for isotropically reinforced concrete slabs
Authors: Prince M. R. , Kemp K. O. 
Published: July 2012

Summary An expression based upon strain compatibility considerations is formulated for the normal moment of resistance across a yield line. Experiments are described which were designed to test this theory, and the results are shown to be consistent with its requirements. A method of incorporating the expression for normal moment into a generalized yield criterion is presented. The square yield criterion is found to be a lower bound on the yield criterion obtained and is approached as the ratio of crack width to bar diameter increases.
A study of bond between steel and restrained expanding concrete
Authors: Brown Colin B. , Szabo Zoltan S. 
Published: July 2012

Summary A critical professional question which may arise with the commercial availability of expanding concrete concerns the ability to reinforce the concrete with steel bars. In particular the bond phenomena are open to conjecture. These phenomena are studied here by means of tests which have previously indicated the characteristics of bond failure in ordinary concrete. Such tests indicate the bond mechanism between expanding concrete, properly restrained from radial motion, and an undeformed reinforcing bar. Comparisons with the ordinary concrete case are made and a discussion of the practical aspects of the problem is given.
An electron-microscope study of the contact between aggregate and hardened cement paste
Authors: Stork J. , Michálková B. 
Published: July 2012

Summary Two variations of a method of making two-stage replicas have been developed for studying in the first instance the contact between aggregate and hardened cement paste. The method, known as the impression method, requires about 15 min to make one replica without destruction of the specimen. The study was made on ‘model’ concrete (which is described) to eliminate the effect of impurities and sand. The principal aim of the paper is to give information on the newly developed method but, in addition, an attempt is made to give a morphological interpretation of the contact phenomena and to discuss certain difficulties complicating this kind of study.
The effect of mix proportions and aggregate dust upon the compressive strength of concrete
Authors: Hughes B. P. , Ash J. E. 
Published: July 2012

Summary The compressive strength of concrete at a constant cement/water ratio is shown to decrease with increasing cement contents and therefore confirms earlier work in Europe. This decrease, however, is generally quite small especially for the uniaxial compressive strength. Two exceptions are possible, depending upon the sand content: at high sand contents a critical maximum sand/cement ratio is exceeded such that air voids become unavoidable and the strength decreases with decreasing cement content; at low sand contents a critical minimum sand/cement ratio is not attained and large losses in strength then occur with increasing cement contents. The critical minimum sand/cement ratio depends upon the type and grading of the aggregate and the mix proportions. It is due to the onset of very extensive ‘water gain’ and to the lack of adequate restraint to shrinkage of the cement paste. These effects can (and should) be avoided in normal concretes. The presence of dust in the fine aggregate can be beneficial.for low-strength concretes probably because of its ability to modify the structure o.fthe cement paste and reduce the water gain. It has little effect on high-strength concretes.
An electrical measurement of the effective cross-sectional area for conduction or flow processes in cement paste
Authors: Hancox N. L. 
Published: July 2012

Summary The effective cross-sectional area for conduction or liquid flow processes in a porous material is not usually equal to the porosity ɸ but to ɸm where m is greater than 1. A simple way of obtaining ɸm is described and measurements are reported for saturated ordinary and high alumina cement paste specimens with water/cement ratios of 0·28 and 0·5 cured for between 1 and 28 days, and partially saturated specimens 35 days old. The results are used to calculate the mean pore radius in cement paste with a water/cement ratio of 0·5, and to determine the contribution of vapour diffusion to moisture movement in ordinary Portland cement paste drying between 50 and 95°C. It was found that, even at a low evaporable moisture content of 10%, mechanisms other than vapour diffusion are causing moisture transfer.
Photo-elastic analysis of shrinkage micro cracking in concrete
Authors: Theocaris P. S. , Koufopoulos T. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis The paper deals with the stress distribution in concrete during the variations in volume due to hydration of the cement paste at early ages. A two-dimensional model was devised for the photo-elastic study of the stress distribution. The model consisted of a square array of circular inclusions made of pure epoxy polymer embedded in a matrix made of plasticized epoxy resin. Shrinkage stresses developed during the curing of the matrix around the already hardened inclusions. The elastic moduli of inclusions and matrix were chosen so that their ratio approximated to the ratio of the elastic moduli of aggregate and the hardened cement paste in concrete. Although this model is a simplified, plane configuration of the three-dimensional random arrangement of the aggregate in concrete, it depicts fairly accurately the state of stress around aggregate particles. Tensile stresses, developing at the interface between aggregate and cement paste, cause the development of micro crocks at the interface during the curing period of concrete and before any application of load. The effect of the ratio of the average diameter of aggregates to the average clear distance between them upon the stress distribution was also studied.
The problem of water absorption by lightweight aggregates
Authors: Lydon F. D. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis It is desirable to be able to assess objectively the absorption of water by lightweight aggregates. Existing techniques do not lend themselves readily to this. A simple, objective test is described which uses the relationship between loose wet bulk density and moisture content of the test sample to determine graphically the moisture content corresponding to the surface-dry state. It is possible to test an aggregate sample after any (unknown) exposure history. Examples are given of Lytag, Aglite and Leca aggregates, for single sizes and graded samples, dry, mixed wet-and-dry and saturated and, despite complex behaviour exhibited by aggregates containing an appreciable amount of very fine material, the test method is seen to be successful.
Shear strength of prestressed concrete beams without web reinforcement
Authors: Kar J. N. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis This paper presents the results of experimental and analytical studies on ultimate shear strength of prestressed concrete beams without web reinforcement and tested under either two-point or uniformly distributed loading. Factors governing the two principal categories of shear failure, namely shear-compression type and web-crushing type, have been examined. For shear-compression failure load, a semi-empirical characteristic equation has been developed from the analysis of test results on the basis of a modified linear strain diagram.
Creep and creep recovery of plain concrete as influenced by moisture conditions and associated variables
Authors: Meyers Bernard L. , Slate Floyd O. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis Experiments designed to investigate the effects of moisture content, condition of the cement gel, time of loading and time of unloading upon the creep and creep recovery of sealed and unsealed concrete specimens are described. Comparisons are made between the creep and creep recovery responses of specimens sealed immediately after curing and of unsealed specimens. The results of the experiments carried out on the drying (unsealed) specimens were easily predictable by existing theory. However, the experiments performed on the sealed specimens produced data not so easily explained. For example, under certain conditions, the creep of unsealed specimens was less than that of sealed specimens, and a period of time during which the creep potential of sealed specimens increased with age at time of loading was observed. These results are discussed in terms of the major variables affecting the creep of concrete: the degree of hydration at the time of loading, the amount of water present and not chemically combined at the start of loading and while the specimen is under load, and the amount of m icro cracking developed in the system before and during the time under load.
Short-term time-dependent strains in hardened cement paste
Authors: Spooner D. C. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis Measurements have been made of the strains which occur in cement paste specimens in the two minutes immediately after they have been loaded. At a given time after loading, the time-dependent component of the total strain has been found to be directly proportional to the applied stress, to increase with increasing temperature and to be substantially unaffected by the previous loading history. At a given time after loading andfor a given stress, both the elastic and the time-dependent strains are smaller, the older the specimen. The time-dependent component is largely recoverable on unloading, but less so for young specimens. It is suggested that the same processes govern this short-term time-dependent behaviour as govern longer-term creep. The elastic and time-dependent strains are thought to be caused by different processes.
The bearing strength of concrete for strip loadings
Authors: Hawkins N. M. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis Results are reported for tests to failure on 39 concrete blocks loaded through rigid plates extending across the full width of the block. Expressions are developed for the ultimate bearing capacity andfor the length at which the crack on the axis of the load propagates spontaneously. These expressions predict correctly the ultimate strengths measured here and in previous investigations. It is shown that the pattern of cracking remote from the loaded area affects the ultimate strengths significantly, and that the general behaviour is not improved by the provision of a cut-out.
Some results for the average stresses induced in the principal components of concrete
Authors: Dougill J. W. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis Results are obtained for the average stresses in the separate phases of a range of conventional concretes. These results show that the larger particles of aggregate are more highly stressed than the smaller material in the concrete mix and also confirm that, for a concrete in uniaxial compression, the cement paste or mortar is in a state of average triaxial compression during the early stages of loading. It is suggested that the sign of the average stress in the separate phases may be used as an indicator of the mode of failure likely to occur in a concrete under any particular stress combination. Results for conventional concretes support this view and it is considered that the indicator will also be useful in studying the behaviour of high-strength and of lightweight-aggregate concretes.
The behaviour of prestressed concrete frames with and without lateral binders under ultimate load
Authors: Chatterji A. K. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis The paper describes briefly the results of tests on three prestressed concrete portal frames with fixed feet. The first two frames were identical except that one had closely spaced binders at critical sections whilst the other had no binders. The third frame had heavy axial loads; it was similar to Pietrzykowski's frame, but was reinforced with closely spaced binders throughout the length of its members. The author concludes from the test results that checking of rotations cannot be dispensed with, at least in cases of over-reinforced I sections in prestressed members, for which Baker's predictions are on the unsafe side. However, adequate rotations to enable a frame to attain a state of full redistribution of moments may be obtained, irrespective of the fact that the critical sections may be over-reinforced or may be subjected to high axial loads, provided the frame is reinforced with an adequate amount of binders.
Application of mathematical programming to yield-line analysis
Authors: Palmer Andrew C. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis A computer technique is proposed as a means of solving the problem of finding the yield-line pattern which minimizes the collapse load on a slab. A mechanism is assumed and the collapse load calculated as a function of several pattern parameters. A previously constructed sub-routine is then used to minimize this function and thus find the most critical mechanism. Two examples are given; the computation time required is extremely small.
Some shear strength parameters of plastic concrete
Authors: Uzomaka Osondu J. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis The shear strength parameters of plastic concrete were studied with particular reference to the effect of water/cement ratio. ‘Unconsolidated-undrained’ and ‘consolidated-undrained’ triaxial tests were performed, pore-water pressures were measured, and shear strength parameters have been determined in terms of both total and effective stresses. The shear strength parameters of the material, when tested in the unconsolidated-undrained state, decreased linearly with increase in water/cement ratio. On the other hand, the parameters appear to be independent of water/cement ratio when the material is tested in the consolidated-undrained condition, except for the maximum induced pore pressure, which varies directly with both the water/cement ratio and the ambient pressure. The second result suggests the existence of a close relationship between the initial water/cement ratio and the amount of mobile water that can be expelled from the mix at any given ambient pressure.
The apparatus and instrumentation for an investigation of the strains in mass concrete due to fluid pore pressure
Authors: Cullington D. W. , Mayfield B. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis The paper describes the apparatus and instrumentation that is being used to investigate the effects of triaxial stresses, including pore pressure, upon mass concrete. The specimens are hollow cylinders approximately 1·5 m high × 0·7 m outside diameter × 0·23 m inside diameter, of concrete with a 19 mm maximum aggregate size and a 28 day cube strength of approximately 28 to 42 N/mm2
A method for ultimate strength design of rectangular reinforced concrete beams in combined torsion, bending and shear
Authors: Kuyt B. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis An analysis of the distribution offorces in rectangular reinforced concrete beams loaded in pure torsion has been given elsewhere. In this paper the analysis is extended to beams with web reinforcement subjected to combined torsion, shear and bending. A comparison is made between the non-dimensional interaction diagrams derived theoretically and the available results of tests. Finally, a proposal is put forward for design equations based on these diagrams.