bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signature of f(R) gravity via Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi inhomogeneous perturbations
Authors: Schiavone Tiziano , Montani Giovanni 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe analyze inhomogeneous cosmological models in the local Universe, described by the Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi (LTB) metric and developed using linear perturbation theory on a homogeneous and isotropic Universe background. Focusing on the different evolution of spherical symmetric inhomogeneities, we compare the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
LTB model, in which the cosmological constant $$\Lambda $$
Λ
is included in the LTB formalism, with inhomogeneous cosmological models based on $$f\left( R\right) $$

f

R

modified gravity theories viewed in the Jordan frame. We solve the system of field equations for both inhomogeneous cosmological models adopting the method of separation of variables: we integrate analytically the radial profiles of local perturbations, while their time evolution requires a numerical approach. The main result of the analysis concerns the different radial profiles of local inhomogeneities due to the presence of a non-minimally coupled scalar field in the Jordan frame of $$f\left( R\right) $$

f

R

gravity. While radial perturbations follow a power-law in the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
LTB model, Yukawa-like contributions appear in the $$f\left( R\right) $$

f

R

theory. Interestingly, this latter peculiar behavior of radial profile is not affected by the choice of the $$f\left( R\right) $$

f

R

functional form. The numerical solution of time-dependent perturbations exhibits a non-diverging profile. This work suggests that investigations about local inhomogeneities in the late Universe may allow us to discriminate if the present cosmic acceleration is caused by a cosmological constant term or a modified gravity effect.
Efectos en la posición subjetiva profesional en una formación del profesorado con orientación psicoanalítica
Authors: Zelmanovich Perla 
Published: May 2024

Este trabajo muestra efectos de una práctica de formación orientada por el psicoanálisis para abordar la posición subjetiva profesional, haciendo foco en la distinción entre dificultad y obstáculo para la lectura de los impasses en la función docente. Presenta fundamentos basados en un saber referencial psicoanalítico con específicidad para la praxis educativa, sustentado en la investigación y en la clínica socioeducativa que contempla el anudamiento de tres dimensiones del síntoma: socio-histórica, institucional y subjetiva. Propone una ética de las consecuencias que encuentra su causa en la hiancia estructural entre pulsión y cultura, y su tratamento a partir del tiempo subjetivo profesional orientado a producir un sujeto implicado en su propio malestar.
Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated With Heart Failure With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction in People With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bansal Nisha , Zelnick Leila R. , Scherzer Rebecca , Estrella Michelle , Shlipak Michael G. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Heart failure (HF) is associated with poor outcomes in people with chronic kidney disease, yet it is unknown whether outcomes differ by HF subtype. This study aimed to examine associations of incident HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) versus HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality.

METHODS:
We studied individuals with chronic kidney disease in the CRIC study (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) who were free of HF at cohort entry. Incident HF hospitalizations were adjudicated and classified into HFpEF (ejection fraction, ≥50%) or HFrEF (ejection fraction, <50%) based on echocardiograms performed during the hospitalization or at a research study visit. ESKD was defined as need for chronic dialysis or kidney transplant. Cox proportional hazards were used to evaluate the association of time-updated HF subtype with risk of ESKD and mortality, adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and medication use.

RESULTS:

Among the 3557 study participants without HF at cohort entry, mean age was 57 years and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 45 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
. A total of 682 participants had incident HF. Incidence rates for HFpEF and HFrEF were 0.9 (95% CI, 0.8–1.0) and 0.7 (95% CI, 0.6–0.8) per 100 person-years, respectively (
P
difference
=0.005). Associations of incident HF with progression to ESKD were not statistically different for HFpEF (hazard ratio, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.66–2.56]) and HFrEF (hazard ratio, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.36–2.38];
P
=0.42). The associations with mortality were stronger for HFrEF (hazard ratio, 2.73 [95% CI, 2.24–3.33]) compared with HFpEF (hazard ratio, 1.99 [95% CI, 1.65–2.40];
P
=0.0002).

CONCLUSIONS:
In a chronic kidney disease population, the rates of HFpEF hospitalizations were greater than that of HFrEF. Risk of ESKD was high but not statically different across HF subtypes. There was a stronger association of HFrEF with mortality. Prevention and treatment of both HFpEF and HFrEF should be central priorities to improve outcomes in chronic kidney disease.
Uncovering Unrecognized Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Among Individuals With Obesity and Dyspnea
Authors: Kosyakovsky Leah B. , Liu Elizabeth E. , Wang Jessica K. , Myers Lisa , Parekh Juhi K. , Knauss Hanna , Lewis Gregory D. , Malhotra Rajeev , Nayor Matthew , Robbins Jeremy M. , Gerszten Robert E. , Hamburg Naomi M. , McNeill Jenna N. , Lau Emily S. , Ho Jennifer E. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Although heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has become the predominant heart failure subtype, it remains clinically under-recognized. HFpEF diagnosis is particularly challenging in the setting of obesity given the limitations of natriuretic peptides and resting echocardiography. We examined invasive and noninvasive HFpEF diagnostic criteria among individuals with obesity and dyspnea without known cardiovascular disease to determine the prevalence of hemodynamic HFpEF in the community.

METHODS:

Research volunteers with dyspnea and obesity underwent resting echocardiography; participants with possible pulmonary hypertension qualified for invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing. HFpEF was defined using rest or exercise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure criteria (≥15 mm Hg or Δpulmonary capillary wedge pressure/Δcardiac output slope, >2.0 mm Hg·L
−1
·min
−
1).

RESULTS:

Among n=78 participants (age, 53±13 years; 65% women; body mass index, 37.3±6.8 kg/m
2
), 40 (51%) met echocardiographic criteria to undergo invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing. In total, 24 participants (60% among the cardiopulmonary exercise testing group, 31% among the total sample) were diagnosed with HFpEF by rest or exercise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (n=12) or exercise criteria (n=12). There were no differences in NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; 79 [62–104] versus 73 [57–121] pg/mL) or resting echocardiography (mitral E/e′ ratio, 9.1±3.1 versus 8.0±2.7) among those with versus without HFpEF (
P
>0.05 for all). Distributions of HFpEF diagnostic scores were similar, with the majority classified as intermediate risk (100% versus 93.75% [H
2
FPEF] and 87.5% versus 68.75% [HFA-PEFF (Heart Failure Association Pretest assessment, echocardiography and natriuretic peptide, functional testing, and final etiology)] in those with versus without HFpEF).

CONCLUSIONS:
Among adults with obesity and dyspnea without known cardiovascular disease, at least a third had clinically unrecognized HFpEF uncovered on invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Clinical, biomarker, resting echocardiography, and diagnostic scores were similar among those with and without HFpEF. These results suggest clinical underdiagnosis of HFpEF among individuals with obesity and dyspnea and highlight limitations of noninvasive testing in the identification of HFpEF.
Computed Tomography Angiography Characteristics of Thin‐Cap Fibroatheroma in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Suzuki Keishi , Kinoshita Daisuke , Niida Takayuki , Yuki Haruhito , Fujimoto Daichi , Dey Damini , Lee Hang , McNulty Iris , Takano Masamichi , Mizuno Kyoichi , Ferencik Maros , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Jang Ik‐Kyung 
Published: May 2024

Background
It was recently reported that thin‐cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) detected by optical coherence tomography was an independent predictor of future cardiac events in patients with diabetes. However, the clinical usefulness of this finding is limited by the invasive nature of optical coherence tomography. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) characteristics of TCFA have not been systematically studied. The aim of this study was to investigate CTA characteristics of TCFA in patients with diabetes.

Methods and Results

Patients with diabetes who underwent preintervention CTA and optical coherence tomography were included. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed for plaques on CTA. TCFA was assessed by optical coherence tomography. Among 366 plaques in 145 patients with diabetes, 111 plaques had TCFA. The prevalence of positive remodeling (74.8% versus 50.6%,
P
<0.001), low attenuation plaque (63.1% versus 33.7%,
P
<0.001), napkin‐ring sign (32.4% versus 11.0%,
P
<0.001), and spotty calcification (55.0% versus 34.9%,
P
<0.001) was significantly higher in TCFA than in non‐TCFA. Low‐density noncalcified plaque volume (25.4 versus 15.7 mm
3
,
P
<0.001) and remodeling index (1.30 versus 1.20,
P
=0.002) were higher in TCFA than in non‐TCFA. The presence of napkin‐ring sign, spotty calcification, high low‐density noncalcified plaque volume, and high remodeling index were independent predictors of TCFA. When all 4 predictors were present, the probability of TCFA increased to 82.4%.

Conclusions
The combined qualitative and quantitative plaque analysis of CTA may be helpful in identifying TCFA in patients with diabetes.

Registration Information

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04523194.
Extreme Rainfall Risk in Hurricane Ida’s Extratropical Stage: An Analysis with Convection-Permitting Ensemble Hindcasts
Authors: Menemenlis Sofia , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Gao Kun , Smith James A. , Cheng Kai-Yuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The extratropical stage of Hurricane Ida (2021) brought extreme subdaily rainfall and devastating flooding to parts of eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. We investigate the predictability and character of this event using 31-member ensembles of perturbed initial condition hindcasts with the Tropical Atlantic version of GFDL’s System for High-resolution prediction on Earth-to-Local Domains (T-SHiELD), a ∼13-km global weather forecast model with a ∼3-km nested grid. At lead times of up to 4 days, the ensembles are able to capture the most extreme observed hourly and daily rainfall accumulations but are negatively biased in the spatial extent of heavy precipitation. Large intraensemble differences in the magnitudes and locations of simulated extremes suggest that although impacts were highly localized, risks were widespread. In Ida’s tropical stage, interensemble spread in extreme hourly rainfall is well predicted by large-scale moisture convergence; by contrast, in Ida’s extratropical stage, the most extreme rainfall is governed by mesoscale processes that exhibit chaotic and diverse forms across the ensembles. Our results are relevant to forecasting and communication in advance of extratropical transition and imply that flood preparedness efforts should account for the widespread possibility of severe localized impacts.

Significance Statement
After making landfall in Louisiana, Hurricane Ida (2021) transitioned to an extratropical storm which brought extreme rainfall and unprecedented flooding to parts of the northeastern United States. To what extent were these impacts knowable in advance? We use a numerical weather model with very high resolution to produce ensemble hindcasts—simulations of a past weather event initialized with tiny perturbations to the initial conditions, representing dozens of equally plausible versions of Ida’s extratropical stage. We find that the observed hourly and daily rainfall maxima fall within the simulated outcomes of ensembles initialized with lead times of about 4 days or less. The location and intensity of the heaviest rainfall vary widely across these ensembles, suggesting that many locations across the Northeast were exposed to some likelihood of extreme rainfall.
Reinforcing effects of ground tyre rubber on physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Dasgupta Archisman , Dutta Prasenjit 
Published: May 2024

This study examines the use of waste and recyclable polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) along with micro-sized ground tire rubber (GTR) to produce a polymer matrix composite (PMC) material. The PMC materials are made in a Twin-screw extruder, with different ratios of rPET to GTR ranging from 90:10 to 50:50. In order to assess the performance of the newly created rPET-GTR matrix composite materials, the physical, mechanical properties are empirically observed. The thermal properties and crystallinity (Xc) of PMC materials are analysed using DSC. SEM and microscopic imaging are used to determine the characteristics of rPET-GTR composite materials, including elemental compositions like carbon, oxygen, and silicon. The functional group and chemical structure are confirmed through IR spectra analysis using FTIR techniques. The inclusion of micro-sized GTR has shown a significant effect on the physical (density = 1.306 - 1.208 g/cm3, water absorption = 1.76%–10.74%, and melt flow index = 8.12 - 12.79 gm/10 min), mechanical (tensile strength = 52.78 – 73.58 MPa, impact strength = 110.64 - 138.44 J/m, hardness = 56.14 - 76.37, and flexural modulus = 66.23 - 106.32 MPa), and thermal (melting temperature = 220.25°C–192.57°C, Xc = 20.30 to 30.58%) properties of rPET. These studies all work together to improve the performance of waste rPET and GTR materials by repurposing them. It helps to promote sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and expands the range of applications (automotive parts, building materials, sports equipment, electrical insulation and prosthetics) for rPET-based composites with potential uses in the polymer industries.
Design synthesis of melamine amino tris-methylene phosphonate modified halloysite nanotubes for epoxy resin with simultaneously improved flame retardancy, dielectric properties and mechanical performance
Authors: Zhang Wen , Cao Zhilin , Chao Ling , Wang Zhengzhou 
Published: May 2024

The development of epoxy resin (EP) with simultaneous enhancements in flame retardancy, mechanical performance, and low dielectric properties represents a significant and complex challenge. In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were modified with melamine amino tris-methylene phosphonate (MA) to produce MA-modified HNTs (HMA), which were then integrated into EP to form EP/HMA composites. The incorporation of 1 wt% HMA significantly enhanced the flame retardancy (limit oxygen index up to 29.7%, UL-94 V-0 rating), reduced peak heat release rate by 23.4%, decreased total heat release by 11.9%, reduced total smoke production by 18.4%, and improved mechanical properties (tensile strength by 17.0%, impact strength by 61.0%) compared to pure EP. Additionally, EP/HMA showed a low dielectric constant (3.16) and a dielectric loss (0.019) at 1 GHz. This research presents a versatile strategy for creating multifunctional EP composites with high potential for applications in microelectronics, electronic packaging, and other relevant fields.
Dynamic coupling effects of injection on spray and mixture formation in an asymmetrically vibrating combustion engine
Authors: Peng Shizhuo , Yuan Chenheng , Lu Jiangchuan 
Published: May 2024

Enhanced methods of energy conversion present a viable solution for addressing energy load challenges. This study introduces a vibrating combustion engine designed to enhance energy conversion efficiency by harnessing flexible dynamics and variable asymmetric motion. However, the consideration of its unique dynamic effects has emerged as a pivotal challenge in fuel-air mixing and combustion research. This study introduces a fuel spray and mixing simulation method that facilitates the reciprocal exchange of coupling parameters between the combustion and dynamics models. It iterates the simulation outcomes of motion and combustion to predict mixture formation. Subsequently, the method is employed to explore the impact of injection position on fuel spray and mixture formation. Results show that there is an optimum injection position for the operation frequency, and retarding or advancing leads to slow compression and weak gas motion for fuel spray and mixing, although retarded injection provides high in-cylinder gas pressure and temperature. The early injection generally causes long penetration, small droplet diameter, slight impingement, and fast evaporation, unless it is too early. The results further indicate that when IAP = 6 mm, a more uniform mixture can be attained at the beginning of combustion, leading to a thermal efficiency of up to 42.9% for the engine.
Supporting healthcare professionals from ethnic minority backgrounds to ‘Step Into’ a clinical academic career
Authors: Bramley Louise , Bond Carmel , Stacey Gemma , Dring Eleanore , Cowley Alison , Booth Vicky , Janiszewski Helen , Cooper Joanne 
Published: May 2024

Background: There is a need to develop research focussed healthcare professionals with the clinical experience and academic skills to meet the needs of a diverse population. Yet, healthcare professionals from ethnic minority backgrounds are often faced with personal, structural or organisational barriers, which prevent them from accessing and applying for development opportunities. Aim: To undertake an evaluation of the Step into Clinical Academic Careers’ programme. The programme was designed specifically for nurses, midwives and allied healthcare professionals (NMAHPs) working in NHS organisations, from ethnic minority backgrounds, who had the ambition to pursue a research or clinical academic career. Methods: Qualitative individual interviews and online evaluations were conducted to identify the views, perspectives and experiences of participants who undertook the programme. Participants were also followed up after 6 months. Results: Participants provided insights into four key areas relating to outcomes of the programme. These were (1) increased confidence, (2) increased motivation, (3) developing networks and (4) inspiring people. Conclusions: Organisations must work purposefully and collaboratively to realise equitable support for individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds, through targeted mentoring and leadership development training. Failure to do this will result in a continuation of limited diversity amongst clinical academic and clinical research leaders.
On presentation of cerebral arteries via cortical openings
Authors: Nowinski Wieslaw L 
Published: May 2024

The presentation of cortical arteries is challenging, as most of their course is hidden in the depth of the sulci. Despite that, demonstrating the arteries on the cortical surface is a standard way of their presentation. To keep advantages of surface presentation while lessening its limitation, we propose a novel context-related method of cerebrovasculature presentation by cortical openings consisting in the removal of a selected region from the cortical mantle and exposing underlying structures. We also introduce a reverse than standard vessel-to-context mapping from a gyrus/lobule to vessels supplying it. The method has the following steps: define a cortical opening, develop a tool to perform them, create cortical openings for gyri and lobules with underlying white matter and intracranial arteries, generate labeled and parcellated images for the created openings, and integrate the cortical opening images with the NOW inBRAIN public repository of 8600 3D neuroimages. The cortical openings are created for 64 gyri and six lobules for the left and right cerebral hemispheres resulting in 210 images arranged in triples as spatially corresponding non-parcellated and unlabeled, parcellated by color and unlabeled, and parcellated and labeled images. The cortical opening approach, generally, increases vessel exposure in a higher number of depicted branches, revealing arteries otherwise hidden deep in sulci, a more complete vessel course, and a lower number of required views. The gyrus/lobule-to-arteries mapping facilitates exploration of a studied region, encapsulates all local arteries, and reduces vascular complexity by decomposing the entire vascular system into smaller sets involved in the studied region.
lncRNA Oip5-as1 inhibits excessive mitochondrial fission in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating DRP1 phosphorylation
Authors: Niu Xiaowei , Zhang Jingjing , Hu Shuwen , Dang Wenhui , Wang Kaiwen , Bai Ming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Aberrant mitochondrial fission, a critical pathological event underlying myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Oip5-as1 is increasingly recognized for its regulatory roles, particularly in MI/R injury. However, its precise mechanistic role in modulating mitochondrial dynamics remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate the mechanistic role of Oip5-as1 in regulating mitochondrial fission and evaluate its therapeutic potential against MI/R injury.

Methods
To simulate in vitro MI/R injury, HL-1 cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Lentiviral vectors were employed to achieve overexpression or knockdown of Oip5-as1 in HL-1 cells by expressing Oip5-as1 or shRNA targeting Oip5-as1, respectively. The impact of Oip5-as1 on mitochondrial dynamics in HL-1 cells was assessed using CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and biochemical assays. MI/R injury was induced in mice by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Conditional knockout mice for Oip5-as1 were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology, while overexpression of Oip5-as1 in mice was achieved via intramyocardial administration of AAV9 vectors. In mice, the role of Oip5-as1 was evaluated through echocardiographic assessment, histopathological staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, Western blotting, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, and co-immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to investigate Oip5-as1’s underlying mechanisms.

Results
The expression levels of Oip5-as1 are significantly decreased in MI/R-injured HL-1 cells and myocardium. In HL-1 cells undergoing H/R injury, overexpression of Oip5-as1 attenuated excessive mitochondrial fission, preserved mitochondrial functionality, and reduced cellular apoptosis, while knockdown of Oip5-as1 exhibited the opposite effects. Furthermore, in a mouse model of MI/R injury, overexpression of Oip5-as1 diminished mitochondrial fission, myocardial infarct size and improved cardiac function. However, knockout of Oip5-as1 exacerbated myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction, which were significantly reversed by treatment with a mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1). Mechanistically, Oip5-as1 selectively interacts with AKAP1 and CaN proteins, inhibiting CaN activation and subsequent DRP1 dephosphorylation at Ser637, thereby constraining DRP1’s translocation to the mitochondria and its involvement in mitochondrial fission.

Conclusions
Our study underscores the pivotal role of Oip5-as1 in mitigating excessive mitochondrial fission during MI/R injury. The findings not only enhance our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying MI/R injury but also identify Oip5-as1 as a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating MI/R injury.

Graphical Abstract