bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum) in Ethiopia
Authors: Getahun Muluken , Fininsa Chemeda , Mohammed Abdi , Bekeko Zelalem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease reduces wheat yield and quality. This study was aimed to evaluate wheat varieties' responses to spray inoculation with Fusarium graminearum mixture isolates under greenhouse conditions. The treatments were laid out in a randomized completely block design with three replications using 24 bread wheat varieties registered in Ethiopia. The varieties inoculated with mixed inoculum derived from four pathogenic isolates of F. graminearum that had been isolated from wheat kernels. Disease severity was evaluated using a 1–9 scale based on the proportion of bleached spikelets, and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was determined from the disease severity data. At harvest, the kernel weight reduction was determined in comparison to the control. The evaluated traits were significantly interrelated and showed high and significant variation among (p < 0.0001) wheat varieties. Disease severity index among the varieties varied from 29% to 72%, while AUDPC varied from 326%‐ to 1010%‐days. The disease progress rate of the Kingbird variety inoculated with F. graminearum was the slowest (0.0191 units day−1), whereas Ogolcho had the fastest disease progression rate (0.0581 units day−1). Kingbird, Wane, and Limu were moderately resistant, with lower disease severity, AUDPC, and a reduction in 1000‐grain weight and grain weight per spike. Dereselgne, Dambal, and Ogolcho varieties were highly susceptible, with the greatest grain weight per spike reduction (53.2%, 41.4%, and 37.4%) and 1000‐grain weight reduction (41.5%, 42.8%, and 37.5%), respectively. The results implied that there were different levels of FHB resistance in Ethiopian bread wheat varieties. Although current greenhouse evaluation of varieties gives encouraging results, field testing is required to confirm the current findings.
What's luck got to do with it? A generative model for examining the role of stochasticity in age‐at‐death, with implications for bioarchaeology
Authors: Wyatt Bronwyn , Anderson Amy , Ward Stacey , Wilson Laura A. B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe role of “luck” in determining individual exposure to health insults is a critical component of the processes that shape age‐at‐death distributions in mortality samples but is difficult to address using traditional bioarcheological analysis of skeletal materials. The present study introduces a computer simulation approach to modeling stochasticity's contribution to the mortality schedule of a simulated cohort.MethodsThe present study employs an agent‐based model of 15,100 individuals across a 120 year period to examine the predictive value of birth frailty on age‐at‐death when varying the likelihood of exposure to health insults.ResultsBirth frailty, when accounting for varying exposure likelihood scenarios, was found to account for 18.7% of the observed variation in individual age‐at‐death. Analysis stratified by exposure likelihood demonstrated that birth frailty alone explains 10.2%–12.1% of the variation observed across exposure likelihood scenarios, with the stochasticity associated with exposure to health insults (i.e., severity of health insult) and mortality likelihood driving the majority of variation observed.ConclusionsStochasticity of stressor exposure and intrinsic stressor severity are underappreciated but powerful drivers of mortality in this simulation. This study demonstrates the potential value of simulation modeling for bioarchaeological research.
How are early‐career dementia researchers considered and supported on a national level by dementia plans and organizations? An overview of global policy approaches
Authors: Karamacoska Diana , Heins Pascale , Branco Rita Maldonado , Wallcook Sarah , Truong Annie , Leung Isabella , Sawan Mouna , Page Zara Alana , Borelli Wyllians Vendramini , Arroyo‐Miranda Mirna L. , Demnitz Naiara , Folarin Royhaan , Guo Tengfei , Shaaban C. Elizabeth , Smith Adam , Bartels Sara Laureen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONDespite representing an essential workforce, it is unclear how global policy efforts target early‐career dementia researchers (ECDRs). Thus, this study aimed to provide an overview of policies through which ECDRs are considered and supported by dementia plans and organizations.METHODSG20 member states were evaluated for their national dementia plan alongside policies of leading dementia organizations. Data targeting support for ECDRs were extracted and subject to content analysis using inductive coding. Findings were categorized and narratively synthesized.RESULTSOnly China, Denmark, England, Greece, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Spain, and the United States mentioned ECDRs in their national plan. Additionally, 17 countries formalized ECDR support via dementia organizations. Support efforts included research funding, dissemination and networking, career development, and research advice.DISCUSSIONFew nations formally recognized ECDRs in dementia plans or through dementia organizations. To facilitate equal prospects for ECDRs, top‐down approaches are urged to enhance and align their efforts.Highlights
Few G20 countries (8/46) had national dementia plans for early‐career researchers.
Targeted support comes from government and nongovernmental dementia organizations.
Support includes funding, training, advice, research dissemination, and networking.
Inconsistent definitions and eligibility criteria are barriers to accessing support.
Global coordination and top‐down policy will aid early‐career dementia researchers.
Non‐hemorrhagic imaging markers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in memory clinic patients
Authors: Costa Ana Sofia , Albrecht Milena , Reich Arno , Nikoubashman Omid , Schulz Jörg B. , Reetz Kathrin , Pinho João 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe Boston criteria v2.0 for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) incorporated non‐hemorrhagic imaging markers. Their prevalence and significance in patients with cognitive impairment remain uncertain.METHODSWe studied 622 memory clinic patients with available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Two raters assessed non‐hemorrhagic markers, and we explored their association with clinical characteristics through multivariate analyses.RESULTSMost patients had mild cognitive impairment; median age was 71 years and 50% were female. Using the v2.0 criteria, possible or probable CAA increased from 75 to 383 patients. Sixty‐eight percent of the sample had non‐hemorrhagic CAA markers, which were independently associated with age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.07), female sex (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.11–2.54), and hemorrhagic CAA markers (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.02–4.35).DISCUSSIONTwo‐thirds of patients from a memory clinic cohort had non‐hemorrhagic CAA markers, increasing the number of patients meeting the v2.0 CAA criteria. Longitudinal approaches should explore the implications of these markers, particularly the hemorrhagic risk in this population.Highlights
The updated Boston criteria for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) now include non‐hemorrhagic markers.
The prevalence of non‐hemorrhagic CAA markers in memory clinic patients is unknown.
Two‐thirds of patients in our memory clinic presented non‐hemorrhagic CAA markers.
The presence of these markers was associated with age, female sex, and hemorrhagic CAA markers.
The hemorrhagic risk of patients presenting these type of markers remains unclear.
Unusual S=1 Four‐Coordinate Fe(IV) Complexes Supported by Bisamide Ligands: Syntheses, Characterization, and Electronic Structures
Authors: Zhang Bufan , Joyce Justin P. , Wolford Nikki J. , Brennessel William W. , DeBeer Serena , Neidig Michael L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe catalytic relevance of Fe(IV) species in non‐heme iron catalysis has motivated synthetic advances in well‐defined five‐ and six‐coordinate Fe(IV) complexes for a better understanding of their fundamental electronic structures and reactivities. Herein, we report the syntheses of FeDipp2 and FeMes2, a pair of unusual four‐coordinate non‐heme formally Fe(IV) complexes with S=1 ground states supported by strongly donating bisamide ligands. By combining spectroscopic characterization and computational modeling, we found that small variations in ligand aryl substituents resulted in substantial changes in both structures and bonding. This work highlights the strong donor capabilities and modularity of the bisamide ligand set. More broadly, it is a critical contribution to the utilization of ligand design to modulate molecular geometries and electronic structures of low‐coordinate, high‐valent iron complexes.
Oxygen Functional Groups Regulate Cobalt‐Porphyrin Molecular Electrocatalyst for Acidic H2O2 Electrosynthesis at Industrial‐Level Current
Authors: Chen Yihe , Zhen Cheng , Chen Yubin , Zhao Hao , Wang Yuda , Yue Zhouying , Wang Qiansen , Li Jun , Gu M. Danny , Cheng Qingqing , Yang Hui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) based on proton exchange membrane (PEM) reactor represents a promising approach to industrial‐level H2O2 production, while it is hampered by the lack of high‐efficiency electrocatalysts in acidic medium. Herein, we present a strategy for the specific oxygen functional group (OFG) regulation to promote the H2O2 selectivity up to 92 % in acid on cobalt‐porphyrin molecular assembled with reduced graphene oxide. In situ X‐ray adsorption spectroscopy, in situ Raman spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy combined with theoretical calculation unravel that different OFGs exert distinctive regulation effects on the electronic structure of Co center through either remote (carboxyl and epoxy) or vicinal (hydroxyl) interaction manners, thus leading to the opposite influences on the promotion in 2e− ORR selectivity. As a consequence, the PEM electrolyzer integrated with the optimized catalyst can continuously and stably produce the high‐concentration of ca. 7 wt % pure H2O2 aqueous solution at 400 mA cm−2 over 200 h with a cell voltage as low as ca. 2.1 V, suggesting the application potential in industrial‐scale H2O2 electrosynthesis.
Detection of Intrinsically Disordered Peptides by Biological Nanopore
Authors: He Pinyao , Wang Haiyan , Zhu Anqi , Zhang Zhenyu , Sha Jingjie , Ni Zhonghua , Chen Yunfei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) are pivotal in regulation of transcription and facilitation of signal transduction. Because of their multiple conformational states of structure, characterizing the highly flexible structures of IDPRs becomes challenging. Herein, we employed the wild‐type (WT) aerolysin nanopore as a real‐time biosensor for identification and monitoring of long peptides containing IDPRs. This sensor successfully identified three intrinsically disordered peptides, with the lengths up to 43 amino acids, by distinguishing the unique signatures of blockade current and duration time. The analysis of the binding constant revealed that interactions between the nanopore and peptides are critical for peptide translocation, which suggests that mechanisms beyond mere volume exclusion. Furthermore, we were able to compare the conformational stabilities of various IDPRs by examining the detailed current traces of blockade events. Our approach can detect the conformational changes of IDPR in a confined nanopore space. These insights broaden the understanding of peptide structural changes. The nanopore biosensor showed the potential to study the conformations change of IDPRs, IDPRs transmembrane interactions, and protein drug discovery.
Seven‐Coordinate Group 6 Metal Hydrides Obtained by H2 Activation at B(C6F5)3 Adducts of N2 Complexes: Frustrated Lewis Pair‐Type Reactivity of The B−N Linkage
Authors: Boegli Marie‐Christine , Coffinet Anaïs , Bijani Christian , Simonneau Antoine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe adducts 2M,R of general formula trans‐[(L)M{R2P(CH2)2PR2}2{N2B(C6F5)3}] (L=ø or N2, M=Mo or W, R=Et or Ph), formed from Lewis acid‐base pairing of B(C6F5)3 to a dinitrogen ligand of zero‐valent group 6 bis(phosphine) complexes trans‐[M{R2P(CH2)2PR2}2(N2)2] are shown to react with dihydrogen to afford hepta‐coordinated bis(hydride) complexes [M(H)2{R2P(CH2)2PR2}{N2B(C6F5)3}] 3M,R which feature the rare ability to activate both dinitrogen and dihydrogen at a single metal center, except in the case where M=Mo and R=Ph for which fast precipitation of insoluble [Mo(H)4(dppe)2] (dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) occurs. The frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)‐related reactivity of the B−N linkage in compounds 3W,R was explored and led to distal N functionalization without involvement of the hydride ligands. It is shown in one example that the resulting bis(hydride) diazenido compounds may also be obtained through a sequence involving first FLP‐type N‐functionalization followed by oxidative addition of H2. Those oily compounds were found to have limited stability in solution or in their isolated states. Finally, treatment of 3W,Et with the Lewis base N,N‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) affords the simple but unknown bis(hydride)‐dinitrogen species [W(H)2(depe)2(N2)] 11Et (depe=1,2‐bis(diethylphosphino)ethane) which direct, selective formation from trans‐[W(N2)2(depe)2] is not possible.
A Conjugated Polymer‐Based Portable Smartphone Platform for Sensitive and Point‐Of‐Care Detection of Monoamine Neurotransmitter
Authors: Zehra Nehal , Malik Akhtar H. , Parui Retwik , Hussain Sameer , Krishnan Iyer Parameswar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe precise and effective detection of neurotransmitters (NTs) is crucial for clinical investigation of neuronal processes, and timely monitoring of NT‐related chronic diseases. However, sensitive detection of specific NT with unprecedented selectivity is highly challenging due to similarities in chemical and electronic structures of various interfering neurochemicals. Herein, an anionic conjugated polyelectrolyte Poly[(9,9‐bis(4’‐sulfonatobutyl)fluorene‐co‐alt‐1,4‐phenylene) sodium], PFPS was rationally designed and synthesized for amplified detection and point‐of‐care (PoC) determination of monoamine neurotransmitter, serotonin (5‐Hydroxy tryptamine or 5‐HT, also diagnostic biomarker of carcinoid tumor) in human blood plasma. The PFPS displayed a remarkable sensing response with an exceptionally high fluorescence quenching constant of 1.14×105 M−1 and an ultralow detection limit of 0.67 μM or 0.142 ppm, much below the clinical range. Furthermore, a smartphone‐enabled portable platform was constructed for real‐time onsite detection of 5‐HT by quantification of visual fluorescence response of PFPS into RGB values using a color recognizer android application. The smartphone platform could be readily applied for convenient, non‐invasive PoC testing of 5‐HT levels in complex biological fluids accurately and is expected to revolutionize clinical diagnosis and personalized health care devices.
Optimierung der 4D‐Modellierung durch die Anwendung von flexiblen Verknüpfungsregeln am Beispielprojekt „Weserquerung A281“
Authors: Tschickardt Thomas , Schuchhardt Nils , Oerter Nico 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDie Implementierung der 4D‐Modellierung in Bauprojekten steht vor erheblichen Herausforderungen. In der Praxis erfolgt die Umsetzung größtenteils manuell oder mithilfe starrer regelbasierter Verknüpfungen, da Standards fehlen, wie diese Verknüpfungsregeln aufzubauen sind. Der Aufsatz widmet sich dieser Problematik und stellt die Anwendung von flexiblen Verknüpfungsregeln anhand eines Beispielprojekts vor. Die flexible 4D‐Modellierung zeichnet sich durch die Erstellung einer individuellen Kodierung für jeden Vorgang aus, um sämtliche Hierarchieebenen des Projekts zu berücksichtigen. Basierend auf einer gewerkeübergreifenden Projektinformationsstruktur erfolgt eine Filterung geometrischer Objekte im Hinblick auf jeden Vorgang. Das Ergebnis ist eine Auswahl geometrischer Objekte, die auf den jeweiligen Vorgang zugeschnitten ist und in einer flexiblen Wechselwirkung mit diesem steht. Die vorgestellte Methode von interdisziplinären und flexiblen Verknüpfungsregeln zur 4D‐Modellierung strebt an, die Effizienz und Genauigkeit in Bauprojekten zu steigern, indem unterschiedliche Disziplinen und Gewerke sowie deren spezifische Prozesse flexibel berücksichtigt werden können und gleichzeitig eine konsistente Datenstruktur gewährleistet ist. Dieser Ansatz kann dazu beitragen, die Planung und Durchführung von Bauprojekten zu optimieren und die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Projektbeteiligten zu fördern, indem auf Basis einer Projektinformationsstruktur die 4D‐Modellierung erfolgt.
Prevalence and prognosis of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐2α (HIF‐2α) pathway gene mutations across advanced solid tumors
Authors: Zhong Wenjun , Ma Jiemin , Chen Cai , Dettman E. J. , Cristescu Razvan , Naik Girish S. , Jin Fan , Shao Changxia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionHypoxia‐inducible factor‐2α (HIF‐2α) modulates the hypoxic response pathway in tumors; however, mutations in pathways (including SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, FH, and VHL genes) that are suspected to activate HIF‐2α are poorly understood, with limited understanding of the prevalence and clinical prognosis.MethodsThis retrospective observational study used a de‐identified nationwide (US‐based) clinico‐genomic database (CGDB) across 15 available tumor types.ResultsAmong the 9467 adult patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors included in the analysis, any mutation at the above‐mentioned six genes was observed in 1.8% (95% CI: 1.5–2.1) of patients. The mutation prevalence ranged from 0.05% of SDHD to 0.93% of VHL. When further stratified by tumor type, the prevalence of gene mutation in each tumor type was well below 1%, except for VHL with 44% in renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Excluding RCC, the prevalence of any HIF‐2α gene mutations in the study population was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.8–1.2). The median overall survival (OS) from 1 and 2 L therapy among patients with any HIF‐2α gene mutation was 14.5 (95% CI: 11.5–24.2) and 9.3 (95% CI: 6.0–18.1) months, respectively, compared with 13.4 (95% CI: 12.9–13.9) and 9.8 (95% CI: 9.3–10.4) months among patients without HIF‐2α gene mutations.Discussion and ConclusionsThe prevalence of HIF‐2α related gene mutations was generally low (<1%) across the 15 solid tumor types, except for VHL in RCC. No significant association between HIF‐2α gene mutation status and OS was identified among patients evaluated in this study.
Advances in research on factors affecting chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell efficacy
Authors: Zhou Delian , Zhu Xiaojian , Xiao Yi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy is becoming an effective technique for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. After analyzing patients with tumor progression and sustained remission after CAR‐T cell therapy, many factors were found to be associated with the efficacy of CAR‐T therapy. This paper reviews the factors affecting the effect of CAR‐T such as tumor characteristics, tumor microenvironment and immune function of patients, CAR‐T cell structure, construction method and in vivo expansion values, lymphodepletion chemotherapy, and previous treatment, and provides a preliminary outlook on the corresponding therapeutic strategies.
Integrated whole‐exome and bulk transcriptome sequencing delineates the dynamic evolution from preneoplasia to invasive lung adenocarcinoma featured with ground‐glass nodules
Authors: Zhou Dong , Li Yan‐qi , Liu Quan‐xing , Deng Xu‐feng , Chen Liang , Li Man‐yuan , Zhang Jiao , Lu Xiao , Zheng Hong , Dai Ji‐gang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe genomic and molecular ecology involved in the stepwise continuum progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) to minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and subsequent invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) remains unclear and requires further elucidation. We aimed to characterize gene mutations and expression landscapes, and explore the association between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and significantly mutated genes (SMGs) during the dynamic evolution from AIS to IAC.MethodsThirty‐five patients with ground‐glass nodules (GGNs) lung adenocarcinomas were enrolled. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐Seq) were conducted on all patients, encompassing both tumor samples and corresponding noncancerous tissues. Data obtained from WES and RNA‐Seq were subsequently analyzed.ResultsThe findings from WES delineated that the predominant mutations were observed in EGFR (49%) and ANKRD36C (17%). SMGs, including EGFR and RBM10, were associated with the dynamic evolution from AIS to IAC. Meanwhile, DEGs, including GPR143, CCR9, ADAMTS16, and others were associated with the entire process of invasive LUAD. We found that the signaling pathways related to cell migration and invasion were upregulated, and the signaling pathways of angiogenesis were downregulated across the pathological stages. Furthermore, we found that the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of FAM83A, MAL2, DEPTOR, and others were significantly correlated with CNVs. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that heme metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis pathways were significantly upregulated in patients with EGFR/RBM10 co‐mutations, and these patients may have poorer overall survival than those with EGFR mutations. Based on the six calculation methods for the immune infiltration score, NK/CD8+ T cells decreased, and Treg/B cells increased with the progression of early LUAD.ConclusionsOur findings offer valuable insights into the unique genomic and molecular features of LUAD, facilitating the identification and advancement of precision medicine strategies targeting the invasive progression of LUAD from AIS to IAC.
Biological Properties of Mentha viridis L. Essential Oil and Its Main Monoterpene Constituents
Authors: Omari Nasreddine El , Chamkhi Imane , Bakrim Saad , Aanniz Tarik , Benali Taoufiq , Akhazzane Mohamed , Ullah Riaz , Alotaibi Amal , Bari Ahmed , Elhrech Hamza , Zengin Gokhan , Bouyahya Abdelhakim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic, dermatoprotective, and antibacterial activities of Mentha viridis L. essential oil (MVEO) collected in the province of Ouezzane (Northwest Morocco). Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis revealed that the main constituents of MVEO were carvone (37.26 %), 1,8‐cineole (11.82 %), limonene (5.27 %), α‐terpineol (4.16 %), and β‐caryophyllene (4.04 %). MVEO showed strong inhibitory effects on α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase activities, exceeding those of acarbose, but weak anti‐elastase activity. The main compounds, β‐caryophyllene (IC50=79.91±2.24 and 62.08±2.78 μg/mL) and limonene (IC50=90.73±3.47 and 68.98±1, 60 μg/mL), demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effects on both digestive enzymes (α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase, respectively). In silico investigations, using molecular docking, also showed the inhibitory potential of these bioactive compounds against the enzymes tested. In conclusion, MVEO, due to its main components such as limonene, 1,8‐cineole, β‐caryophyllene, carvone, and α‐terpineol, shows promising prospects for drug discovery and natural therapeutic applications.