bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of AML with ins(21;8)(q22;q22q22) reveals similarity to t(8;21) AML
Authors: Rücker Frank G. , Bullinger Lars , Gribov Alexander , Sill Martin , Schlenk Richard F. , Lichter Peter , Döhner Hartmut , Döhner Konstanze 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn acute myeloid leukemia (AML), nonrandom clonal chromosome aberrations are detectable in ∼55% of adult cases. Translocation t(8;21)(q22;q22) resulting in the 5′RUNX1/3′RUNX1T1 fusion gene occurs in ∼8% of AML cases. Also, ins(8;21) and ins(21;8) have been described that show a broad heterogeneity at the molecular level with inserted fragment sizes ranging from 2.4 to 44 Mb. Microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (arrayCGH) in 49 intermediate‐risk AML and RT‐PCR‐based screening in 532 AML cases allowed the detection of ins(21;8)/ins(8;21) in three cases; arrayCGH and subsequent RT‐PCR revealed an ∼0.5 Mb sized inserted fragment generating the 5′RUNX1/3′RUNX1T1 fusion gene in one case with a submicroscopic ins(21;8)(q22;q22q22) whereas the other two cases were identified by banding analysis and RT‐PCR, respectively. Gene expression profiling (GEP) and a detailed review of the literature highlighted similar biological features of AML cases with ins(21;8)/ins(8;21) and t(8;21)(q22;q22). Our study demonstrates the potential of high‐resolution array‐based analysis and GEP and provides further evidence that AML with insertions generating the 5′RUNX1/3′RUNX1T1 fusion not only biologically resemble the t(8;21)(q22;q22) AML subgroup, but might also share its prognostically favorable clinical behavior. Thus, similar treatment options should be considered in these patients. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The New Semmering Base Tunnel project – an interdisciplinary challenge /
Authors: Gobiet Gerhard , Haas Dieter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAfter receiving the commission to develop a New Semmering Base Tunnel in early 2005, the ÖBB‐Infrastruktur (Bau) AG (Austrian Railways) undertook a three‐year route selection process leading to the determination of the Pfaffensattel route as the best variant for the New Semmering Base Tunnel. Extensive design work on this route is underway at the moment in all disciplines. The aim is to produce the documentation to hand in for official approval by the early part of this year, and this should show a wide understanding and agreement of all project parties as well as technical quality.Extensive geological and hydrogeological investigations, full‐coverage surveying and the mapping and recording of all relevant environmental data over a wide area required a considerable effort. The interdependencies of the individual professions with the resulting extra design work, and working with the many affected landowners produced major challenges for the entire project team, which was only mastered through the personal commitment of all parties involved in the project and an increased application of extra resources.Nach dem Auftrag der Projektentwicklung eines Semmering‐Basistunnel neu im Frühjahr 2005 konnte von der ÖBB‐Infrastruktur (Bau) AG in einem dreijährigen Auswahlprozess die Trasse Pfaffensattel als beste Variante für den Semmering‐Basistunnel neu ermittelt werden. Für diese Trasse laufen derzeit umfangreiche Planungen in allen Fachbereichen. Ziel ist es bis zum Frühjahr dieses Jahres genehmigungsfähige Einreichprojekte für die erforderlichen Behördenverfahren zu erstellen, die neben der fachlichen Qualität auch eine breite Kenntnis und Zustimmung aller Beteiligten aufweisen.Umfassende geologische und hydrogeologische Erkundungen, flächendeckende Vermessungen sowie großräumige Kartierungen und Erhebungen aller umweltrelevanten Grundlagen stellten dafür einen erheblichen Aufwand dar. Die gegenseitigen Abhängigkeiten der einzelnen Fachgebiete zueinander, die daraus resultierenden zusätzlichen Planungsarbeiten und die Zusammenarbeit mit vielen betroffenen Grundeigentümer stellten dauernde riesige Herausforderungen für das gesamte Planungsteam dar, die nur durch den persönlichen Einsatz aller Projektbeteiligten und durch einen verstärkten Einsatz zusätzlicher Ressourcen abgedeckt werden konnten.
Geomechanical knowledge gained from the Paierdorf investigation tunnel in the section through the Lavanttal main fault zone /
Authors: Schubert Peter , Hölzl Harald , Sellner Peter , Fasching Florian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOne of the main goals of the ground investigation for the Koralm Tunnel project was the detailed investigation of the Lavanttal fault systemwhich lies in the contact between the Koralm crystalline and the neogenic formations of the Lavanttal. The above‐ground investigation programme (mapping, core drilling, geophysics) was able to deliver the first estimation of the geological, hydrogeological and geotechnical rock conditions of the fault zone many hundreds of metres thick (fig. 1). The Paierdorf investigation tunnel, which has now been constructed, clarified the thickness and the internal structure of the fault zone as well as the hydraulic and mechanical rock properties along the tunnel. Equally important was the practical experience gained by tunnelling through the fault zone. The knowledge gained from the Paierdorf investigation tunnel will be used in further design work for the mechanical driving of this very heterogeneous region of rock.Eines der wesentlichen Erkundungsziele für das Projekt Koralmtunnel stellt die detaillierte Erkundung des Lavanttaler Störungssystems, insbesondere die im Kontaktbereich zwischen dem Koralmkristallin und dem Neogen des Lavanttals verlaufende Hauptstörungszone, dar. Mit den übertägigen Erkundungsarbeiten (Kartierungen, Kernbohrungen, Geophysik) konnten erste Einschätzungen bezüglich der geologischen, hydrogeologischen und geotechnischen Gebirgsverhältnisse dieser mehrere hundert Meter mächtigen Störungszone gewonnen werden (Bild 1). Mit dem nun gebauten Erkundungstunnel (EKT) Paierdorf wurden die Mächtigkeit, der interne Aufbau der Störungszone sowie die hydraulischen und mechanischen Gebirgsverhältnisse im Bereich der Tunneltrasse abgeklärt. Ebenso wichtig waren die praktischen Erfahrungen der tunnelbautechnischen Bewältigung der Störungszone. Die Erkenntnisse aus dem EKT sollen in die weiteren Planungsschritte für das maschinelle Auffahren dieses sehr heterogenen Gebirgsbereichs einfließen.
Results from the Untersammelsdorf test field for the planning of tunnelling work /
Authors: Schachinger Tobias , Gaube Herbert , Krainer Georg 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the western part of the Koralmbahn railway line, tests were carried out as part of planned specialised civil engineering works in silty to sandy still water sediments in order to find out about the interaction of jet grouting and dewatering measures with this ground, which is considered to be as geotechnically relatively unfavourable. Small‐scale tunnelling work was also carried out to gain experience for the later tunnel construction work in this area. The most important discoveries were: that the jet grouting trials achieved jet grout columns with a diameter of 1.5 m within the still water sediments; and the simulation of a tunnel drive was able to demonstrate that stable conditions at the face can be achieved with the chosen advance support measures. The evaluated results made it possible to optimise the design of the tunnel structures and the forecast performance rates for the grouting works.Im westlichen Bereich der Koralmbahn sind im Rahmen geplanter Spezialtiefbaumaßnahmen in schluffigen bis sandigen Stillwassersedimenten Versuche durchgeführt worden, um Erkenntnisse über die Interaktion von DSV‐ und Entwässerungsmaßnahmen mit diesem geotechnisch als relativ ungünstig geltenden Gebirge zu erlangen. Zusätzlich wurden durch kleinmaßstäbliche Vortriebsarbeiten Erfahrungen für die späteren Tunnelbauarbeiten in diesem Bereich gewonnen. Als wichtigste Erkenntnisse können genannt werden: Bei den Versuchen zu DSV‐Arbeiten waren in den Stillwassersedimenten DSV‐Säulen mit einem Durchmesser von 1,5 m zu erreichen; durch die Simulation eines Tunnelvortriebs konnte demonstriert werden, dass mit den gewählten Vorraussicherungsmaßnahmen stabile Verhältnisse im Bereich der Ortsbrust erzielbar sind. Basierend auf den ermittelten Ergebnissen können die bisherige Planung der Tunnelbauwerke sowie die prognostizierten Leistungsansätze bei den DSV‐Maßnahmen optimiert werden.
Current state of design, investigation and construction works at the Koralm Tunnel /
Authors: Harer Gerhard , Koinig Josef 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe Koralmbahn railway line between Graz and Klagenfurt is an essential link in the Baltic‐Adriatic Corridor. The new high‐speed line will create new capacities and significantly better conditions for environmentally friendly goods transport by rail. The current journey times for passengers will be reduced considerably. The Koralm Tunnel with a length of 32.9 km is the most important section of the new Koralmbahn. The article reports on the current state of design, investigation and construction at the Koralm Tunnel and examples of further development are presented.Die Koralmbahn zwischen Graz und Klagenfurt stellt ein maßgebliches Teilstück im Rahmen des Baltisch‐Adriatischen Korridors dar. Mit dieser neuen Eisenbahn‐Hochleistungsverbindung werden neue Kapazitäten und deutlich verbesserte Voraussetzungen für den umweltfreundlichen Bahngüterverkehr geschaffen. Im Personenverkehr wird die derzeitige Fahrzeit erheblich reduziert. Der Koralmtunnel stellt mit einer Länge von rund 32,9 km das Kernstück der neuen Koralmbahn dar. Im Artikel wird über den aktuellen Stand der Planung, der Erkundung und der baulichen Umsetzung beim Koralmtunnel berichtet, und es werden projektspezifische Weiterentwicklungen exemplarisch vorgestellt.
Material technology developments in shield tunnelling – annular gap mortar, high‐strength concrete and fire‐protection concrete /
Authors: Gipperich Christof , Schaab Andreas , Otremba Hermann‐Josef 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMechanical tunnel drive methods are gaining ever more significance on account of their mechanisation and efficiency. Mechanical boring can achieve particularly high advance rates in combination with segment lining systems. In order to investigate the load bearing capacity and robustness of segments, high‐strength and ultra high‐strength concrete segments were made by HOCHTIEF as part of the European Integrated Project TUNCONSTRUCT (www.tunconstruct.org), investigated through numerical simulation and in the laboratory, and then load tested at STUVA in Cologne. The results included an increase of load‐bearing capacity in bending of up to 20 %.The development of segments made of high‐strength concrete does indeed enable higher load bearing capacities, but there are applications under very high overburden and related pressure where this alone is not sufficient. For such cases, a compressible mortar has been developed for the annular gap filling. This has a compression potential of up 50 % and is capable of absorbing deformation of the rock mass and thus reducing the loading of the segment lining. This type of mortar has been successfully used in a large‐scale trial in 2009 at the Jenbach Tunnel in the Inn valley, including the manufacture of the mortar on the construction site, the transport chain to the TBM and the injection into the annular gap.Maschinelle Vortriebsverfahren gewinnen durch ihre hohe Mechanisierung und Effizienz weiter an Bedeutung. Besonders in Kombination mit Tübbingauskleidungssystemen können sie hohe Vortriebsleistungen ermöglichen. Um die Steigerung der Tragfähigkeit und Robustheit von Tübbings zu untersuchen, wurden von HOCHTIEF im Rahmen des Europäischen Verbundforschungsprojekts TUNCONSTRUCT (www.tunconstruct.org) Tübbings aus hochfesten und ultrahochfesten Betonen hergestellt, rechnerisch und labortechnisch untersucht und bei der STUVA, Köln, Belastungstests unterzogen. Dabei konnte unter anderem eine Steigerung der Biegetragfähigkeit von bis zu 20 % festgestellt werden.Die Entwicklung von Tübbings aus höherfesten Betonen ermöglicht zwar höhere Tragfähigkeiten, dennoch gibt es bei sehr hohen Überlagerungsdrücken Anwendungsfälle, bei denen dies alleine nicht ausreicht. Für solche Anwendungen wurden komprimierbare Ringspaltmörtel entwickelt, die mit einem Stauchpotenzial von bis zu 50 % in der Lage sind, Gebirgsverformungen aufzunehmen und so die Belastung auf den Tübbingausbau zu vermindern. Ein solcher Mörtel wurde im Jahr 2009 beim Tunnelvortrieb Jenbach im Inntal in einem Großversuch erfolgreich einem Praxistest unterzogen, bei dem der Herstellungsprozess des Mörtels auf der Baustelle, die Transportkette zur TVM und das Einbringen in den Ringspalt erprobt wurden.
Process‐oriented numerical simulation of shield‐supported tunnelling in soft soils /
Authors: Nagel Felix , Stascheit Janosch , Meschke Günther 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA numerical simulation model for the analysis of shield‐supported tunnelling processes based on the finite element method is presented. The process‐oriented computational representation of the tunnel drive enables forecasts of the effects of different tunnelling process parameters, like support and grouting pressures or the advance rate, on ground deformations and stresses, groundwater conditions or the loading of the shield machine and segment lining. This requires, in addition to the realistic numerical modelling of the sequential tunnelling process, the supporting measures and the surrounding ground, to employ adequate numerical models to describe the intricate interactions between the ground and the tunnelling process resulting from the face support, the contact between shield skin and ground, the shield tail grouting, the steering of the machine and the lining. These process‐oriented interactions determine the structural behaviour above and behind the machine to a considerable degree. Selected numerical applications demonstrate the capabilities of the simulation model described here for the analysis of interaction mechanisms in mechanical tunnelling.Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert ein auf der Methode der Finiten Elemente basierendes Simulationsmodell zur Analyse schildgestützter Tunnelvortriebsprozesse. Die prozessorientierte Abbildung des Tunnelvortriebs ermöglicht Prognosen der Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Vortriebsparameter, wie Stütz‐ und Verpressdrücke oder der Vortriebsgeschwindgkeit, auf die Bodenverformungen und ‐beanspruchungen, die Grundwasserverhältnisse oder die Belastungen von Schildmaschine und Tübbingausbau. Dies erfordert neben der wirklichkeitsnahen numerischen Abbildung des sequentiellen Vortriebsprozesses, der Prozesskomponenten und des umgebenden Baugrunds adäquate numerische Modelle zur Beschreibung der vielfältigen Boden‐ Prozess‐Interaktionen infolge der Ortsbruststützung, des Kontakts zwischen Schildmantel und Baugrund, der Schildschwanzverpressung, der Maschinensteuerung und des Ausbaus. Diese prozessabhängigen Wechselwirkungen prägen das strukturmechanische Verhalten vor, über und hinter der Tunnelvortriebsmaschine in erheblichem Umfang. Ausgewählte Beispielrechnungen demonstrieren die Möglichkeiten des vorgestellten Simulationsmodells für die Analyse von Interaktionsmechanismen im maschinellen Tunnelvortrieb.
Astrocyte reactivity to unconjugated bilirubin requires TNF‐α and IL‐1β receptor signaling pathways
Authors: Fernandes Adelaide , Barateiro Andreia , Falcão Ana Sofia , Silva Sandra Leit‐Ao , Vaz Ana Rita , Brito Maria Alexandra , Marques Silva Rui Fernando , Brites Dora 
Published: October 2010

AbstractJaundice and sepsis are common neonatal conditions that can lead to neurodevelopment sequelae, namely if present at the same time. We have reported that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐1β are produced by cultured neurons and mainly by glial cells exposed to unconjugated bilirubin (UCB). The effects of these cytokines are mediated by cell surface receptors through a nuclear factor (NF)‐κB‐dependent pathway that we have showed to be activated by UCB. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of TNF‐α and IL‐1β signaling on astrocyte reactivity to UCB in rat cortical astrocytes. Exposure of astrocytes to UCB increased the expression of both TNF‐α receptor (TNFR)1 and IL‐1β receptor (IL‐1R)1, but not TNFR2, as well as their activation, observed by augmented binding of receptors' molecular adaptors, TRAF2 and TRAF6, respectively. Silencing of TNFR1, using siRNA technology, or blockade of IL‐1β cascade, using its endogenous antagonist, IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra), prevented UCB‐induced cytokine release and NF‐κB activation. Interestingly, lack of TNF‐α signal transduction reduced UCB‐induced cell death for short periods of incubation, although an increase was observed after extended exposure; in contrast, inhibition of IL‐1β cascade produced a sustained blockade of astrocyte injury by UCB. Together, our data show that inflammatory pathways are activated duringin vitroexposure of rat cortical astrocytes to UCB and that this activation is prolonged in time. This supports the concept that inflammatory pathways play a role in brain damage by UCB, and that they may represent important pharmacological targets. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence of hypothalamic degeneration in the anorectic anx/anx mouse
Authors: Nilsson Ida A. K. , Thams Sebastian , Lindfors Charlotte , Bergstrand Anita , Cullheim Staffan , Hökfelt Tomas , Johansen Jeanette E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMice homozygous for the anorexia (anx) mutation are characterized by poor food intake and death by three to five weeks after birth. By P21 these mice display lower density of hypothalamic neuropeptides, including Agouti gene‐related protein (AGRP). The AGRP/neuropeptide Y (NPY) system of the anx/anx mice develops normally until postnatal day (P) 12, then the normal increase in fiber density ceases, in some areas even distinctly decreases. This overlaps with activation of microglia, indicating an inflammatory and/or degenerative process. Here we studied, by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (IHC), the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I‐related molecules and markers for cellular reactivity in hypothalamus of anx/anx mice. MHC class I transcript and ‐related proteins were found in arcuate nucleus (Arc), presumably both in neurons and glia, the latter also in areas innervated by AGRP (NPY) neurons. In the anx/anx hypothalamus, using TUNEL labeling, significantly higher number of apoptotic cells were found compared with +/+ mice, and active caspase 6 immunoreactivity was detected in degenerating NPY‐fibers as well as signs of “microglia‐associated cell death”. In addition, Y1 receptor‐labeled processes and soma of pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, were markedly decreased at P21. These results support the hypothesis of degeneration of hypothalamic arcuate neuron populations in the anx/anx mice, whereby the AGRP system may be first affected, the changes in the POMC system being secondary in this process. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ectopic release sites lack fast vesicle recycling mechanisms, causing long‐term depression of neuron‐glial transmission in rat cerebellum
Authors: Balakrishnan Saju , Jackson Claire , Russell Noah , Bellamy Tomas C 
Published: October 2010

AbstractClassical synaptic transmission occurs at active zones within the synaptic cleft, but increasing evidence suggests that vesicle fusion can also occur outside of these zones, releasing transmitter directly into the extrasynaptic space. The role of such “ectopic” release is unclear, but in the cerebellar molecular layer it is thought to guide the processes of Bergmann glia toward synaptic terminals through activation of glial α‐amino‐3‐hydroxyl‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors. Once surrounding the terminal, the glial process is presumed to limit spillover of neurotransmitter between synapses by rapid uptake of glutamate. We have previously reported that this route for neuron‐glial transmission exhibits long‐term depression following repetitive stimulation at frequencies in the 0.1–1 Hz range, in ex vivo slices from rat cerebellum. Here, we present evidence that LTD arises because ectopic sites lack the fast recycling mechanisms that operate at the active zone. Consequently, ectopic vesicles constitute an exhaustible pool that is depleted at normal synaptic firing rates and only recovers slowly. This effect is cumulative, meaning that the strength of ectopic transmission provides a read‐out of the average frequency of presynaptic firing over several minutes. Glial processes are therefore likely to interact most closely with terminals that fire infrequently; conditions that may promote elimination of, rather than support for, the connection. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Response of transcription factor NFATc3 to excitotoxic and traumatic brain insults: Identification of a subpopulation of reactive astrocytes
Authors: Serrano‐Pérez María C. , Martín Eduardo D. , Vaquero Cecilia F. , Azcoitia Iñigo , Calvo Soledad , Cano Eva , Tranque Pedro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAstrocytes react to brain injury triggering neuroinflammatory processes that determine the degree of neuronal damage. However, the signaling events associated to astrocyte activation remain largely undefined. The nuclear factor of activated T‐cells (NFAT) is a transcription factor family implicated in activation of immune cells. We previously characterized the expression of NFAT isoforms in cultured astrocytes, and NFAT activation in response to mechanical lesion. Here we analyze NFATc3 in two mouse models of inflammatory brain damage: hippocampal excitotoxicity induced by intracerebral kainic acid (KA) injection and cortical mechanical lesion. Immunofluorescence results demonstrated that NFATc3 is specifically induced in a subset of reactive astrocytes, and not in microglia or neurons. In KA‐treated brains, NFATc3 expression is transient and NFATc3‐positive astrocytes concentrate around damaged neurons in areas CA3 and CA1. Complementary Western blot and RT‐PCR analysis revealed an NFAT‐dependent induction of RCAN1‐4 and COX‐2 in hippocampus as soon as 6 h after KA exposure, indicating that NFAT activation precedes NFATc3 over‐expression. Moreover, activation of NFAT by ATP increased NFATc3 mRNA levels in astrocyte cultures, suggesting that NFATc3 expression is controlled through an auto‐regulatory loop. Meanwhile, stab wound enhanced NFATc3 expression specifically in a subclass of reactive astrocytes confined within the proximal layer of the glial scar, and GFAP immunoreactivity was attenuated in NFATc3‐expressing astrocytes. In conclusion, our work establishes NFATc3 as a marker of activation for a specific population of astrocytes in response to brain damage, which may have consequences for neuronal survival. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An unusual reaction of 2‐ethoxyethenylphosphonic dichloride with resorcinol and its derivatives: Synthesis of bicyclic phosphonates with endocyclic P–C bond
Authors: Sadykova Yulia M. , Knyazeva Irina R. , Burilov Alexander R. , Pudovik Michael A. , Dobrynin Alexey B. , Litvinov Igor A. , Sinyashin Oleg G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe condensation of 2‐ethoxyethenyl‐ phosphonic dichloride with
resorcinol and its derivatives in dichloromethane in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid results in the formation of new bicyclic phosphonates with an endocyclic PC bond. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:1–4, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20646