bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cotidal Charts near Hawaii Derived from TOPEX/Poseidon Altimetry Data
Authors: Fan Li-Li , Wang Bin , Lv Xian-Qing 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Harmonic analysis of 10 yr of Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon (T/P) along-track altimetry is performed to derive the semidiurnal and diurnal tides (M2, S2, N2, K2, K1, O1, P1, and Q1) near Hawaii. The T/P solutions are evaluated through intercomparison for crossover points of the ascending and descending tracks and comparison with the data of tidal stations, which show that the T/P solutions in the study area are reliable. By using a suitable order polynomial to fit the T/P solutions along every track, the harmonic constants of any point on T/P tracks are acquired. A new fitting method, which is characterized by applying the harmonics from T/P tracks to produce directly empirical cotidal charts, is developed. The harmonic constants derived by this fitting method show good agreement with the data of tidal stations, the results of National Astronomical Observatory 99b (NAO.99b), TOPEX/Poseidon 7.2 (TPXO7.2), and Finite Element Solutions 2004 (FES2004) models, which suggests that the fitting method is reasonable, and the highly accurate cotidal chart could be directly acquired from T/P altimetry data by this fitting method.
Observability of Flow-Dependent Structure Functions for Use in Data Assimilation
Authors: Lupu Cristina , Gauthier Pierre 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
One of the objectives of data assimilation is to produce initial conditions that will improve the quality of forecasts. Studies on singular vectors and sensitivity studies have shown that small changes to the initial conditions can sometimes lead to exponential error growth. This has motivated research to include flow-dependent structures within the assimilation that would have the characteristics to correctly predict the growth or decay of meteorological systems. This relates to the characterization of precursors to atmospheric instability. In this paper, the observability of such structures by observations is discussed. Several studies have shown that deploying observations over regions where changes in the initial conditions may impact the forecast the most do not lead to the expected benefit. In this paper, it is shown that given the small magnitude of the signal to be detected, it is important to take into account the accuracy of the observations. If the signal-to-noise ratio is too low, observations cannot detect and characterize precursors to forecast error growth. From that perspective, the assimilation only has the possibility to extract information about evolved structures of error growth. Experiments with a simple one-dimensional variational data assimilation (1D-Var) system are presented and, then, an adapted three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-Var) system with different sensitivity structure functions is used. The results have been obtained by adapting the variational assimilation system of Environment Canada.
High shear–dependent loss of membrane integrity and defective platelet adhesion following disruption of the GPIbα-filamin interaction
Authors: Cranmer Susan L. , Ashworth Katrina J. , Yao Yu , Berndt Michael C. , Ruggeri Zaverio M. , Andrews Robert K. , Jackson Shaun P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPlatelets have evolved a highly specialized membrane skeleton that provides stability to the plasma membrane and facilitates adhesion under high shear stress. The cytoskeletal anchorage of glycoprotein (GP) Ibα plays an important role in regulating the membrane skeleton. However, its role in regulating membrane stability remains unknown. To investigate this role, we have developed a new mouse model that expresses wild-type human GPIbα (hGPIbαWT), or a mutant form of human GPIbα that has a selective defect in its ability to bind filamin A and anchor to the membrane skeleton (hGPIbαFW–Phe568Ala and Trp570Ala substitutions). Our study demonstrates that the link between platelet GPIb and the cytoskeleton does not alter the intrinsic ligand binding function of GPIbα or the ability of the receptor to stimulate integrin αIIbβ3-dependent spreading. However, exposure of hGPIbαFW platelets to pathologic shear rate levels (5000 to 40 000 s−1) leads to the development of unstable membrane tethers, defective platelet adhesion, and loss of membrane integrity, leading to complete disintegration of the platelet cell body. These outcomes suggest that the GPIbα–filamin A interaction not only regulates the architecture of the membrane skeleton, but also maintains the mechanical stability of the plasma membrane under conditions of high shear.
A membrane-interactive surface on the factor VIII C1 domain cooperates with the C2 domain for cofactor function
Authors: Lü Junhong , Pipe Steven W. , Miao Hongzhi , Jacquemin Marc , Gilbert Gary E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFactor VIII binds to phosphatidylserine (PS)-containing membranes through its tandem, lectin-homology, C1 and C2 domains. However, the details of C1 domain membrane binding have not been delineated. We prepared 4 factor VIII C1 mutations localized to a hypothesized membrane-interactive surface (Arg2090Ala/Gln2091Ala, Lys2092Ala/Phe2093Ala, Gln2042Ala/Tyr2043Ala, and Arg2159Ala). Membrane binding and cofactor activity were measured using membranes with 15% PS, mimicking platelets stimulated by thrombin plus collagen, and 4% PS, mimicking platelets stimulated by thrombin. All mutants had at least 10-fold reduced affinities for membranes of 4% PS, and 3 mutants also had decreased apparent affinity for factor X. Monoclonal antibodies against the C2 domain produced different relative impairment of mutants compared with wild-type factor VIII. Monoclonal antibody ESH4 decreased the Vmax for all mutants but only the apparent membrane affinity for wild-type factor VIII. Monoclonal antibody BO2C11 decreased the Vmax of wild-type factor VIII by 90% but decreased the activity of 3 mutants more than 98%. These results identify a membrane-binding face of the factor VIII C1 domain, indicate an influence of the C1 domain on factor VIII binding to factor X, and indicate that cooperation between the C1 and C2 domains is necessary for full activity of the factor Xase complex.
Drug-Induced Changes in Risk/Biomarkers and Their Relationship with Renal and Cardiovascular Long-Term Outcome in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Miao Yan , Smink Paul A , de Zeeuw Dick , Lambers Heerspink Hiddo J 
Published: December 2010

BACKGROUND
Optimal renal and cardiovascular risk management in diabetic patients includes optimal maintenance of blood pressure and control of glucose and lipids. Although the optimal control of these risk factors or “risk/biomarkers” has proven to be effective, it often is difficult to achieve. Consequently, the risk for renal and cardiovascular complications remains devastatingly high. Many risk/biomarkers have been discovered that accurately predict long-term renal and cardiovascular outcome. However, the aim of measuring risk/biomarkers may not be only to determine an individual's risk, but also to use the risk/biomarker level to guide therapy and thereby improve long-term clinical outcome.

CONTENT
This review describes the effects of various drugs on novel risk/biomarkers and the relationship between (drug induced) short-term changes in risk/biomarkers and long-term renal and cardiovascular outcome in patients with diabetes.

SUMMARY
In post hoc analyses of large trials, the short-term reductions in albuminuria, transforming growth factor-β, and N-terminal pro-B–type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) induced by inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system were associated with a decreased likelihood of long-term adverse renal and cardiovascular outcomes. However, the few studies that systematically investigated the utility of prospectively targeting novel risk/biomarkers such as hemoglobin or NT-proBNP failed to demonstrate long-term cardiovascular protection. The latter examples suggest that although a risk/biomarker may have superior prognostic ability, therapeutically changing such a risk/biomarker does not necessarily improve long-term outcome. Thus, to establish the clinical utility of other novel risk/biomarkers, clinical trials must be performed to prospectively examine the effects of therapeutically-induced changes in single or multiple risk/biomarkers on long-term risk management of patients with diabetes.
Expert Cognitive Control and Individual Differences Associated with Frontal and Parietal White Matter Microstructure
Authors: Roberts R. Edward , Anderson Elaine J. , Husain Masud 
Published: December 2010

Although many functional imaging studies have reported frontal activity associated with “cognitive control” tasks, little is understood about factors underlying individual differences in performance. Here we compared the behavior and brain structure of healthy controls with fighter pilots, an expert group trained to make precision choices at speed in the presence of conflicting cues. Two different behavioral paradigms—Eriksen Flanker and change of plan tasks—were used to assess the influence of distractors and the ability to update ongoing action plans. Fighter pilots demonstrated superior cognitive control as indexed by accuracy and postconflict adaptation on the Flanker task, but also showed increased sensitivity to irrelevant, distracting choices. By contrast, when pilots were examined on their ability to inhibit a current action plan in favor of an alternative response, their performance was no better than the control group.Diffusion weighted imaging revealed differences in white matter radial diffusivity between pilots and controls not only in the right dorsomedial frontal region but also in the right parietal lobe. Moreover, analysis of individual differences in reaction time costs for conflict trials on the Flanker task demonstrated significant correlations with radial diffusivity at these locations, but in different directions. Postconflict adaptation effects, however, were confined to the dorsomedial frontal locus. The findings demonstrate that in humans expert cognitive control may surprisingly be mediated by enhanced response gain to both relevant and irrelevant stimuli, and is accompanied by structural alterations in the white matter of the frontal and parietal lobe.
Real Time Checkshots While Drilling - Reducing the Risk In Exploration Drilling
Authors: Ahmed A. , Lim T. K. , Abdullah Che Shaari , Yusof Azhar B 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Drilling exploration wells always carry increased risk given the lack of offset wells. One of the main uncertainties usually is the depth prognosis derived from surface seismic depth converted data.
Checkshot surveys at the wellsite traditionally provide the time to depth conversion for drilling targets by providing time- depth pairs as the measurement. Given a vertically incident survey, this furnishes the most accurate seismic time-depth relationship for processing and drilling decisions.
This paper describes the successful implementation and application of logging-while-drilling (LWD) seismic while drilling technology. Acquiring checkshots while drilling in an exploration field offshore East Malaysia, enabled real-time drilling decisions to set casing accurately and safely above the over-pressured formation top. This technique was employed on two successive wells; Well A and Well B in the same field.
For Well A, a total of sixteen real-time while drilling checkshots were acquired. The refined depth model from the real-time checkshots indicated that the target depth was 87 m deeper than that suggested by the pre-drill velocity model. As a result casing was pushed and set deeper successfully.
On Well B, a total of thirteen real-time while drilling checkshots were acquired which indicated the target to be 150 m shallower than original prognosis and casing was set earlier accordingly. Drilling then proceeded ahead safely with the correct mud weight and the well was completed successfully.
A comparison of acepromazine-buprenorphine and medetomidine-buprenorphine for preanesthetic medication of dogs
Authors: Grint Nicola J. , Alderson Briony , Dugdale Alexandra H. A. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Objective—To assess sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of premedication with a medetomidine-buprenorphine or acepromazine-buprenorphine combination in dogs anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane.
Design—Randomized controlled clinical trial.
Animals—90 dogs undergoing routine surgical and diagnostic procedures.
Procedures—Dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 premedication groups: group 1 (acepromazine, 0.03 mg/kg [0.014 mg/lb], IM; buprenorphine, 0.02 mg/kg [0.009 mg/lb], IM), 2 (medetomidine, 5 μg/kg [2.3 μg/lb], IM; buprenorphine, 0.02 mg/kg, IM), or 3 (medetomidine, 10 μg/kg [4.5 μg/lb], IM; buprenorphine, 0.02 mg/kg, IM). Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Simple descriptive scores for sedation were assigned 15 minutes (groups 2 and 3) and 30 minutes (group 1) after premedication administration. Basic cardiopulmonary data were recorded throughout the anesthetic period. Times to recovery from anesthesia were recorded.
Results—Sedation scores did not differ significantly among groups. Mean and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower and heart rate was significantly higher in group 1 than in the other groups. Mean end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 was significantly lower and respiratory rate was significantly higher in group 1 than in the other groups. There were no significant differences in anesthetic recovery times between groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that either acepromazine or medetomidine could be used in combination with buprenorphine for premedication of dogs anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane for routine surgical and diagnostic procedures. Arterial blood pressure was better maintained with the medetomidine-buprenorphine combinations, but tissue perfusion was not investigated.
Can lone pair-π and cation-π interactions coexist? A theoretical study
Authors: Estarellas Carolina , Frontera Antonio , Quiñonero David , Deyà Pere 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The interplay between two important noncovalent interactions involving different aromatic rings is studied by means of ab initio calculations (MP2/6-31++G**) computing the non-additivity energies. In this study we demonstrate the existence of cooperativity effects when cation-π and lone pair-π interactions coexist in the same system. These effects are studied theoretically using energetic and geometric features of the complexes. In addition we use Bader’s theory of atoms-in-molecules and Molecular Interaction Potential with polarization (MIPp) partition scheme to characterize the interactions. Experimental evidence for this combination of interactions has been obtained from the Cambridge Structural Database.
Influence of protease on dyeing of wool with acid dyes
Authors: Periolatto Monica , Ferrero Franco , Giansetti Mirco , Mossotti Raffaella , Innocenti Riccardo 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The application of enzymes in the wool dyeing process is an important research goal in order to reduce the environmental impact and costs of this finishing process. The work has focused on the possibility of reducing the temperature of conventional dyeing, using an enzymatic pretreatment with a neutral protease to improve the diffusion of the dye into the fibers. After the identification of the optimal dyeing process, the study goes on transferring the method to an industrial application. For this reason the influence of a leveling agent added to the dyeing bath was considered and further tests with an industrial dyeing recipe were performed. In order to evaluate possible fiber damage, samples treated with enzyme were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analyzed by gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Moreover, the variation of tensile strength and elongation of dyed samples were determined. In addition, color fastness to domestic laundering, perspiration and rubbing were carried out. Finally, color measurements and fiber section analysis were performed. The results show the possibility, thanks to the pretreatment with the investigated enzyme, to obtain a homogeneous and solid dyeing on fibers maintaining good mechanical properties, already working at 85°C instead of 98°C currently used in industry.
Identification of molecules derived from human fibroblast feeder cells that support the proliferation of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Anisimov Sergey , Christophersen Nicolaj , Correia Ana , Hall Vanessa , Sandelin Ingrid , Li Jia-Yi , Brundin Patrik 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe majority of human embryonic stem cell lines depend on a feeder cell layer for continuous growth in vitro, so that they can remain in an undifferentiated state. Limited knowledge is available concerning the molecular mechanisms that underlie the capacity of feeder cells to support both the proliferation and pluripotency of these cells. Importantly, feeder cells generally lose their capacity to support human embryonic stem cell proliferation in vitro following long-term culture. In this study, we performed large-scale gene expression profiles of human foreskin fibroblasts during early, intermediate and late passages using a custom DNA microarray platform (NeuroStem 2.0 Chip). The microarray data was validated using RT-PCR and virtual SAGE analysis. Our comparative gene expression study identified a limited number of molecular targets potentially involved in the ability of human neonatal foreskin fibroblasts to serve as feeder cells for human embryonic stem cell cultures. Among these, the C-KIT, leptin and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) genes were the most interesting candidates.
Effect of Warfarin on Survival in Scleroderma-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (SSc-PAH) and Idiopathic PAH. Belief Elicitation for Bayesian Priors
Authors: JOHNSON SINDHU R. , GRANTON JOHN T. , TOMLINSON GEORGE A. , GROSBEIN HADDAS A. , HAWKER GILLIAN A. , FELDMAN BRIAN M. 
Published: December 2010

Objective.Warfarin use in scleroderma (SSc)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and idiopathic PAH (IPAH) is controversial. A prerequisite for a trial is the demonstration of community uncertainty. We evaluated experts’ beliefs about the effect of warfarin on 3-year survival in SSc-PAH and IPAH, and factors that influence warfarin use.Methods.PAH experts attending the 2008 American College of Rheumatology or American Thoracic Society meetings expressed the probability of 3-year survival without and with warfarin and their degree of uncertainty by applying adhesive dots, each representing a 5% weight of probability, in “bins” on a line, creating a prior probability distribution or prior. Using a numeric rating scale, participants rated factors that influence their use of warfarin.Results.Forty-five experts (44% pulmonologists, 38% rheumatologists, 16% cardiologists, 2% internists) underwent the belief elicitation interview. In SSc-PAH, the mean probabilities of 3-year survival without and with warfarin were 54% and 56%, respectively. Pessimistic experts believe that warfarin worsens survival by 7%. Optimistic experts believe that warfarin improves survival by 13%. In IPAH, the mean probabilities of 3-year survival without and with warfarin were 68% and 76%. Factors (mean rating out of 10, 0 = not at all important, 10 = extremely important) that influence experts’ use of warfarin were functional class (5.4), age (5.4), pulmonary artery pressure (5.2), peripheral vascular disease (3.6), disease duration (2.8), and sex (1.7).Conclusion.Bayesian priors effectively quantify and illustrate experts’ beliefs about the effect of warfarin on survival in SSc-PAH and IPAH. This study demonstrates the presence of uncertainty about the effect of warfarin, and provides justification for a clinical trial.
Livrets de bord et travail des enseignants du second degré
Authors: Lahanier-Reuter Dominique 
Published: December 2010

Parmi les écrits professionnels des enseignants de collège et de lycée, nous étudions les cahiers de textes et agendas qu’ils composent au long d’une année scolaire. Notre corpus est constitué d’agendas et de cahiers de textes de diverses classes de collège et de lycée de différentes disciplines scolaires, ainsi que de cyber-cahiers de textes, dont l’usage tend à se répandre. Nous explorons la diversité de ces écrits en les considérant comme des objets relevant d’un même genre, celui des livrets de bord, et en analysant tour à tour leurs caractéristiques formelles, linguistiques, disciplinaire. Notre objectif est double. Il s’agit pour nous de mettre en évidence quelques-unes des tensions qui structurent l’ensemble des écrits étudiés : tension entre écrits de travail - la tenue du cahier de textes fait partie des tâches prescrites - et écrits sur le travail - ils sont des enregistrements tout autant que des programmations de séances dans la classe ; tension générée par la multiplicité des destinataires perçus (inspecteurs, élèves ou parents d’élèves...) ; ou encore tension entre certains des rôles que les enseignants attribuent à ces écrits et les positions de scripteur qu’ils leur associent : production pour des élèves de modèles d’écriture à reproduire vs mode de contrôle institutionnel. Mais notre but est aussi de mieux comprendre les dimensions didactiques de ces écrits et par ce faire, celles du travail enseignant. Pour cela, nous analysons les temporalités auxquelles ces écrits se soumettent et celles qu’ils exposent, les positions des différents acteurs et les milieux pour l’étude que ces énoncés laissent entrevoir, enfin les fonctions didactiques que peuvent remplir ces écrits, telle l’aide à l’élaboration d’une mémoire didactique.
Radial Collateral Ligament Injury of the Thumb with a Stener-Like Lesion
Authors: Doty Jesse F. , Rudd Joseph N. , Jemison Marshall 
Published: December 2010

The original Stener lesion, described in 1962, refers to an ulnar collateral ligament tear of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint with adductor aponeurosis interposition. The adductor aponeurosis serves as a mechanical block to healing by preventing apposition of the torn ends of the ulnar collateral ligament.
This article presents a case of a 27-year-old woman with painful swelling of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint following a car accident. Complete tear of the radial collateral ligament was diagnosed based on physical and radiographic examinations. Radial collateral ligament injuries are reported to be less common than ulnar collateral ligament injuries, and, in the past, radial collateral ligament tears were thought to be innocuous, requiring little intervention. More recently, the significance of these injuries has been well documented, and there is support for acute surgical management of complete radial collateral ligament tears. During surgical intervention in our case, we found an intrasubstance tear of the radial collateral ligament with the proximal portion of the ligament retracted and lying superficial to the abductor aponeurosis, thereby producing a Stener-like lesion on the radial side of the joint. The incidence of a Stener-like lesion to the radial collateral ligament is unknown, but it has only been reported once in the literature. Although a primary radial collateral ligament tear may heal by soft tissue apposition, we felt that conservative management in our patient would unlikely lead to healing due to interposition of the abductor aponeurosis.
This case supports current recommendations for surgical intervention of complete radial collateral ligament injuries due to the possibility of a Stener-like lesion with soft tissue interposition recurring in the future.