bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity patterns along and across the Chilean margin: a continental slope encompassing oxygen gradients and methane seep benthic habitats
Authors: Sellanes Javier , Neira Carlos , Quiroga Eduardo , Teixido Núria 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn the present study we review datasets available for the Chilean margin to assess the relationship between environmental (or habitat) heterogeneity and benthic diversity. Several factors, such as the presence of different water masses, including the oxygen‐deficient Equatorial Sub‐surface Waters (ESSW) at the continental shelf and upper slope, and the Antarctic Intermediate Waters (AIW) at mid slope depths appear to control the bathymetric distribution of benthic communities. The presence of methane seeps and an extended oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) add complexity to the benthic distribution patterns observed. All these factors generate environmental heterogeneity, which is predicted to affect the diversity patterns both along and across the Chilean continental margin. The response to these factors differs among different faunal size groups: meio‐, macro‐, and megafauna. Physiological adaptations to oxygen deficiency and constraints related to body size of each group seem to explain the larger‐scale patterns observed, while sediment/habitat heterogeneity (e.g. at water mass boundaries, hardgrounds, biogeochemical patchiness, sediment organic content, grain size) may influence the local fauna diversity patterns.
Prediction model of blood pressure control in community‐dwelling hypertensive adults in Korea
Authors: Yang Sook Ja , Jung Dukyoo , Choi Ae‐Sook 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe purpose of the present descriptive study was to test a hypothetical model explaining the factors that influence blood pressure control among hypertensive Korean adults ≥ 20 years of age. Subjects were 1041 individuals with hypertension identified from 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Twelve of the 24 hypothesized paths in the structural model were significant. Gender (β = 0.09, P < 0.00), medication (β = −0.24, P < 0.00), regular physical activity (β = 0.06, P = 0.02) and comorbidity (β = 0.14, P < 0.00) were significantly associated with blood pressure control, representing 10% of the variance therein. The fit of the model to the data was supported. The study results indicate that health professionals should develop strategies to motivate compliance with antihypertensive medication and regular physical activity of hypertensive adults.
Efficacy of repeat hepatic resection for recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Nagano Yasuhiko , Shimada Hiroshi , Ueda Michio , Matsuo Kenichi , Tanaka Kuniya , Endo Itaru , Kunisaki Chikara , Togo Shinji 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground:  This study evaluated the efficacy of repeat hepatic resection for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the clinicopathological factors influencing overall survival after resection.Methods:  From 1992 to 2005, 231 patients underwent curative hepatic resection for HCC at Yokohama City University, Japan. Of these, 105 patients developed intrahepatic recurrence, and 24 repeat hepatectomies were performed for recurrent HCC. Survival data were analysed, and prognostic factors for repeat hepatic resection were determined.Results:  The overall cumulative 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates and the median survival time of the patients after initial hepatic resection (n= 231) did not differ from those of the patients after repeat hepatic resection (n= 24), with values of 91.3, 70.2 and 49.1%, and 57 months, versus 91.7, 73.1 and 50.9%, and 61.5 months, respectively (P= 0.875). The operative time and blood loss in patients who underwent repeat hepatic resection did not differ from those who underwent primary resection. Multivariate analysis identified portal invasion at the first hepatic resection and a disease‐free interval of ≤1.5 years after primary hepatic resection as independent risk factors for survival after repeat hepatic resection. The 12 patients who did not show either of the two prognostic factors had 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates of 91.7 and 68.8%, respectively, after repeat hepatic resection.Conclusions:  Our findings suggest repeat hepatic resection as the treatment of choice for recurrent HCC patients without portal invasion at the first resection whose recurrence develops after a disease‐free interval of >1.5 years since the previous surgery.
Is there just one lesion? The need for whole body skin examination in patients presenting with non‐melanocytic skin cancer
Authors: Terrill Patricia Jane , Fairbanks Sian , Bailey Michael 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground:  In patients presenting with non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) the frequency of concurrently presenting tumours is poorly documented. Whole body skin examination is recommended but in a recent survey of Australian General Practitioners and skin cancer clinics doctors it was infrequently performed. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of concurrent skin cancer at initial presentation and therefore to examine the need for whole body skin examination for NMSC presentations.Method:  One hundred consecutive patients with a referral diagnosis indicative of NMSC were examined. Data was analysed as to the referring doctor's diagnosis, whole body skin examination findings and histology of excised lesions. Epidemiological data was obtained by patient questionnaire.Results:  One hundred patients, 41 males and 59 females, with a mean age of 70 years (range 39–91 years) underwent whole body skin examination. Sixty‐seven per cent of patients were found to have additional lesions requiring treatment, 46% skin cancers (30 patients basal cell carcinomas, five squamous cell carcinomas, seven basal and squamous cell carcinomas, two lentigo maligna, two adenexal tumours) and 21% solar keratoses. Thirty‐four of the additional lesions detected were in areas covered by clothing. Sixty‐eight patients had a past history of skin cancer excision.Conclusions:  In the Australian patient population, the need for whole body skin examination is essential to avoid missing concurrent lesions. Ongoing surveillance is also essential as these patients have a high risk of developing future NMSC.
Neural basis of timing and anticipatory behaviors
Authors: Antle Michael C. , Silver Rae 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe ability to anticipate physiological needs and to predict the availability of desirable resources optimizes the likelihood of survival for an organism. The neural basis of the complex behaviors associated with anticipatory responses is now being delineated. Anticipation likely involves learning and memory, reward and punishment, memory and cognition, arousal and feedback associated with changes in internal and external state, homeostatic processes and timing mechanisms. While anticipation can occur on a variety of timescales (seconds to minutes to hours to days to a year), there have been great strides made towards understanding the neural basis timing of events in the circadian realm. Anticipation of daily events, such as scheduled access to food, may serve as a useful model for a more broadly based understanding the neurobiology of anticipation. In this review we examine the historical, conceptual and experimental approaches to understanding the neural basis of anticipation with a focus on anticipation of scheduled daily meals. We also introduce the key topics represented in the papers in this issue. These papers focused on food anticipation, to explore the state of the art in the studies of the neural basis of timing and anticipatory behaviors.
Food‐anticipatory circadian rhythms: concepts and methods
Authors: Mistlberger Ralph E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRats, mice and other species can behaviorally anticipate a predictable daily mealtime by entrainment of circadian oscillators (food‐entrainable oscillators) distinct from those (light‐entrainable oscillators) that regulate light‐dark entrained rhythms of behavior and physiology. Neurobiological analysis of food‐anticipatory rhythms has progressed slowly but is gaining pace. Food‐anticipatory rhythms have proven to be surprisingly robust to many neural and circadian clock gene perturbations. A few neural ablation sites or gene mutations have been associated with loss or marked attenuation of anticipatory rhythms, but in each case there are apparently conflicting reports. Attenuation of food‐anticipatory rhythms following neural or genetic perturbations could result from actions upstream or downstream from the clock mechanism, and could be limited to certain behavioral endpoints or recording conditions. Failure to observe attenuation could reflect compensation by alternate timing mechanisms that do not involve food‐entrainable oscillators. To facilitate progress in neurobiological analysis of food‐anticipatory rhythms, criteria for distinguishing among formally distinct mechanisms by which animals might anticipate a daily meal are reviewed, and procedural variables that can affect the expression of food‐anticipatory rhythms in neurobiologically intact or compromised animals are identified.
Peripheral oscillators: the driving force for food‐anticipatory activity
Authors: Escobar Carolina , Cailotto Cathy , Angeles‐Castellanos Manuel , Delgado Roberto Salgado , Buijs Ruud M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFood‐anticipatory activity (FAA) and especially the food‐entrained oscillator (FEO) have driven many scientists to seek their mechanisms and locations. Starting our research on FAA we, possibly like many other scientists, were convinced that clock genes held the key to the location and the underlying mechanisms for FAA. In this review, which is aimed especially at discussing the contribution of the peripheral oscillators, we have put together the accumulating evidence that the clock gene machinery as we know it today is not sufficient to explain food entrainment. We discuss the contribution of three types of oscillating processes: (i) within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), neurons capable of maintaining a 24‐h oscillation in electrical activity driven by a set of clock genes; (ii) oscillations in metabolic genes and clock genes in other parts of the brain and in peripheral organs driven by the SCN or by food, which damp out after a few cycles; (iii) an FEO which, we propose, is a system built up of different oscillatory processes and consisting of an as‐yet‐unidentified network of central and peripheral structures. In view of the evidence that clock genes and metabolic oscillations are not essential for the persistence of FAA we propose that food entrainment is initiated by a repeated metabolic state of scarcity that drives an oscillating network of brain nuclei in interaction with peripheral oscillators. This complex may constitute the proposed FEO and is distributed in our peripheral organs as well as within the central nervous system.
The SCN‐independent clocks, methamphetamine and food restriction
Authors: Honma Ken‐ichi , Honma Sato 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe circadian system in mammals consists of the central clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the peripheral clocks in a variety of tissues and organs. The SCN clock entrains to a light–dark cycle and resets the peripheral clocks. In addition, there are at least two other clocks in the circadian domain which are independent of the SCN and which entrain to nonphotic time cues: methamphetamine (MAP)‐induced and restricted daily feeding (RF)‐induced clocks. Neither the site nor the mechanism of SCN‐independent clocks is known. Canonical clock genes for circadian oscillation are not required for the expression of either SCN‐independent rhythm. The central catecholaminergic system is probably involved in the expression of the SCN‐independent rhythms, especially of the MAP‐induced rhythm. MAP‐induced activity rhythms in rats and the sleep–wake cycles in humans share unique phenomena such as spontaneous internal desynchronization, circabidian rhythm and nonphotic entrainment, suggesting overlapping oscillatory mechanisms. The SCN‐independent clock is an adaptation that regulates behavior in response to nonphotic time cues, and seems to be closely related to the arousal mechanism.
Chronic kidney disease among men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Hong Sung Kyu , Lee Seung Tae , Jeong Sung Jin , Byun Seok‐Soo , Hong Young Kwon , Park Dong Soo , Hong Jae Yup , Son Jeong Hwan , Kim Cheil , Jang Seok Heun , Lee Sang Eun 
Published: October 2009

Study Type – Diagnosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo analyse potential association of various clinical characteristics of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) among men presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to BPH of varying severity.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe reviewed the data of 2741 consecutive patients who presented to our clinic with LUTS secondary to BPH. For our analysis, CKD was defined by an elevated serum creatinine level or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to address associations of CKD with various clinical characteristics.RESULTSOf the 2741 patients, 161 (5.9%) were initially classified as having CKD (serum creatinine ≥133 µmol/L). In multivariate analysis, peak flow rate (P = 0.001) and a history of hypertension and/or diabetes (both P < 0.001) were significantly associated with CKD, whereas age, body mass index, prostate‐specific antigen level, prostate volume, postvoid residual, or International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were not. When individual symptoms from the IPSS were analysed, only weak stream (P = 0.041) and hesitancy (P = 0.048), both obstruction‐related, were significantly associated with CKD status in age and comorbidity‐adjusted analyses. The results of secondary analysis with CKD defined as an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were similar.CONCLUSIONOur results show that decreased peak flow rate and a history of hypertension and/or diabetes are significantly associated with CKD in men seeking management for LUTS from BPH of varying severity.
Outcome analysis of robotic pyeloplasty: a large single‐centre experience
Authors: Gupta Narmada P. , Nayyar Rishi , Hemal Ashok K. , Mukherjee Satyadeep , Kumar Rajeev , Dogra Prem N. 
Published: October 2009

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo present our experience and outcomes of robot‐assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP) for pelvi‐ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO).PATIENTS AND METHODSThis was a prospective study of 85 consecutive patients who had RALP for PUJO at our institute from July 2006 to December 2008. The preoperative evaluation included intravenous urography (IVU) and diuretic renography. The type of pyeloplasty was decided based on the size of the pelves, presence of crossing vessel, level of ureteric insertion and the length of obstruction. All surgery was done through a transperitoneal approach using four or five ports. The follow‐up comprised IVU and renal dynamic scintigraphy. Relevant data were collected and analysed for perioperative morbidity, complications and long‐term functional outcomes.RESULTSIn all, 86 RALPs were performed, including one bilateral, 41 right‐sided and 43 left‐sided cases. The mean operative time was 121 min, including an anastomosis time of 47 min. The mean estimated blood loss was 45 mL. The drain was removed within 48 h. The mean hospital stay was 2.5 days. Three patients had stents that migrated upwards, and prolonged drainage. The success rate was 97% (82/85) with a mean follow‐up of 13.6 months.CONCLUSIONSRALP is highly effective for managing PUJO, with low morbidity, quick recovery and a durable success rate.
Synchronous panniculectomy with stomal revision for obese patients with stomal stenosis and retraction
Authors: Katkoori Devendar , Samavedi Srinivas , Kava Bruce , Soloway Mark S. , Manoharan Murugesan 
Published: October 2009

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo report our experience of synchronous panniculectomy with stomal revision in morbidly obese patients after radical cystectomy (RC) and ileal conduit urinary diversion (UD). Abnormal skin folds with an uneven surface, stomal retraction and stomal stenosis result in a poorly fitting appliance which leads to urinary leakage, need for frequent change of appliances and skin excoriation.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 302 RCs with UD were done by one surgical team between 2002 and 2008, with ileal conduit diversion in 182 (60%); 18 had a body mass index (BMI) of >35 kg/m2, and among them four had severe stomal stenosis with retraction. We report the technique we used for managing stomal stenosis in these patients.RESULTSThe mean (range) BMI of the patients was 42 (38–46) kg/m2; all were women. The mean (sd) operative duration was 2 (0.5)h. The drain was removed once the drainage was <25 mL in 24 h. The mean (sd) hospital stay was 3 (1) days; there were no significant complications. After a mean follow‐up of 3 years there was no recurrent stomal stenosis or retraction.CONCLUSIONSThe unique advantage of this procedure is that it avoids laparotomy in a morbidly obese patient, and it provides excellent cosmesis while correcting the stomal complication.
Initial experience of teaching robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy to surgeons‐in‐training: can training be evaluated and standardized?
Authors: Davis John W. , Kamat Ashish , Munsell Mark , Pettaway Curtis , Pisters Louis , Matin Surena 
Published: October 2009

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo measure the time and subjective quality of individual steps of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), as RARP performed by trainees has recently become the most common technique of RP in the USA, and although outcomes from expert surgeons are reported, limited data are available to document training experiences.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe patients studied were from a prospective cohort of 178 participants (124 with training data). Transperitoneal RARP was performed by one faculty surgeon and one assistant from a rotation of four urological oncology fellows and three residents. RARP was divided into 11 steps, and staff times were recorded for each step. Trainee times and quality scores were recorded for each step, the later defined as grade A equal to staff (A+, no verbal coaching); B, minor corrections; and C, major corrections. Short‐term outcomes were recorded to assess the safety of the training.RESULTSThe mean (range) console time/case of trainees was 40 (10–123) min. The median console time for a complete case by faculty and by trainees (pooled group) was 128 and 231 min, respectively, an increase in 81%. Individual trainee‐performed steps increased in time (compared to staff) by a median range of 50–177%, and the incidence of quality grades < A of 9–100%. Trainee quality grades for basic tissue‐dissection steps were higher than for advanced tissue dissection and suturing. There was no downgrading for a major correction. Analysis of short‐term outcomes suggested acceptable results in a training environment. The study is limited by no available validated training measurement tools, and a low frequency of beginner trainees advancing to more difficult steps during the rotation.CONCLUSIONSDuring the initial exposure of trainees to RARP of <40 cases, we measured time and subjective quality grading of basic steps, and introduction to advanced steps. Training requires more procedure time, but does not appear to diminish expected outcomes.
The temporal relation between depression and comorbid psychopathology in adolescents at varied risk for depression
Authors: Gallerani Catherine M. , Garber Judy , Martin Nina C. 
Published: October 2009

Background:  This study examined the temporal comorbidity of depressive disorders with anxiety, externalizing, and substance use disorders in adolescents who varied in risk for depression.Methods:  Participants were 240 adolescents and their mothers who had either a history of depression (high‐risk, n = 185) or were lifetime‐free of psychiatric disorders (low‐risk, n = 55). Children (54.2% females) were first evaluated in 6th grade (mean age = 11.86, SD = .57) with the K‐SADS‐PL to assess current and lifetime diagnoses, and then annually through 12th grade with the A‐LIFE to assess diagnoses since the previous evaluation.Results:  For girls, the rate of depression was high regardless of prior anxiety, whereas for boys, the odds that those with prior subthreshold anxiety would have subsequent subthreshold depression were 1.5 times those of boys with no prior subthreshold anxiety, controlling for risk. In addition, the odds that girls with prior substance use disorders would have a threshold depressive disorder subsequently were three times those of girls with no prior substance use disorders, controlling for risk.Conclusions:  These results highlight the importance of early detection of various forms of psychopathology in youth who then can be targeted for intervention. The prospective paths to comorbidity differed by sex, thus suggesting that interventions need to be constructed with sensitivity to these distinct diagnostic trajectories.
A point mutation in the ectodomain‐transmembrane 2 interface eliminates the inhibitory effects of ethanol in P2X4 receptors
Authors: Popova Maya , Asatryan Liana , Ostrovskaya Olga , Wyatt Letisha R. , Li Kaixun , Alkana Ronald L. , Davies Daryl L. 
Published: October 2009

J. Neurochem.(2010)112, 307–317.AbstractATP‐gated P2X4 receptors (P2X4R) are abundantly expressed in the CNS. However, little is known about the molecular targets for ethanol action in P2X4Rs. The current investigation tested the hypothesis that the ectodomain‐transmembrane (TM) interface contains residues that are important for the action of ethanol in P2X4Rs. Wild type (WT) and mutant P2X4R were expressed inXenopusoocytes. ATP concentration–response curves and ethanol (10–200 mM)‐induced changes in ATP EC10‐gated currents were determined using two‐electrode voltage clamp (−70 mV). Alanine substitution at the ectodomain‐TM1 interface (positions 50–61) resulted in minimal changes in ethanol response. On the other hand, alanine substitution at the ectodomain‐TM2 interface (positions 321–337) identified two key residues (D331 and M336) that significantly reduced ethanol inhibition of ATP‐gated currents without causing marked changes in ATPImax, EC50, or Hill’s slope. Other amino acid substitutions at positions 331 and 336 significantly altered or eliminated the modulatory effects of ethanol. Linear regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between hydropathy and polarity, but not molecular volume/molecular weight of the residues at these two positions. The results support the proposed hypothesis and represent an important step toward developing ethanol‐insensitive receptors for investigating the role of P2X4Rs in mediating behavioral effects of ethanol.