bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct MS measurement of the extract of Ligularia virgaurea collected in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China
Authors: Okamoto Yasuko , Saito Yoshinori , Kuroda Chiaki , Hanai Ryo , Gong Xun , Tori Motoo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIntroduction – There are numerous Ligularia species in the eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and adjacent areas. L. virgaurea has been used as a traditional folk medicine for the treatment of stomachache and nausea.Objective – To analyse chemical constituents of L. virgaurea, grown in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China.Methodology – The direct MS measurement of the crude extract of plant samples was used for grouping of this species. As the main compounds were available in pure form, the main peaks were analysed by LCMS.Results – An easy and speedy method of analysis using MS spectra was developed. On the basis of the findings, L. virgaurea could be divided into two groups. The genetic studies also supported this grouping. Type 1 mainly includes virgaurenones and virgaurenolides. The MS of type 2 is quite different because it includes mainly ligularol and its congeners. Both MS were easily distinguished.Conclusion – The crude extracts of 11 L. virgaurea samples already collected in recent years were analysed and it was possible to identify them as type 1 or 2. This method was applied to three samples collected in 2009 to successfully classify them as either type 1 or 2. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromatographic analysis of simple phenols in some species from the genus Salix
Authors: Pobłocka‐Olech Loretta , Krauze‐Baranowska Mirosława , Głód Daniel , Kawiak Anna , Łojkowska Ewa 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIntroduction – Salicis Cortex, made from willow bark is a herbal remedy, which is standardised based on the content of salicin, a compound with analgesic and antiphlogistic properties. However, clinical trials suggest that other compounds also present in Salicis Cortex can contribute to the pharmacological effects.Objective – To characterise the composition of phenolic acids in the barks of different species and clones from the genus Salix by use of chromatographic methods—HPTLC and HPLC.Methodology – The phenolic acid composition was analysed by MGD (multiple gradient development)–HPTLC technique. The separation was performed on HPTLC Diol plates with gradient elution using a mixture of chloroform:hexane:ethyl acetate with increasing concentration of ethyl acetate from 10 to 25%. Derivatisation with thymol reagent was employed for the first time for specific detection of phenolic acids containing methoxyl groups.Results – The presence of all phenolic acids previously reported in the genus Salix was confirmed, namely p‐hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, cinnamic, p‐coumaric, ferulic and caffeic acids. Furthermore, pyrocatechol as a constituent of willow bark was revealed. The highest concentration of this compound was observed in the S. purpurea bark (2.25 mg/g).Conclusion – The presence of a relatively high content of pyrocatechol in Salix species may raise doubts about the safe application of this herbal medicine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Miscibility enhancement of supramolecular polymer blends through complementary multiple hydrogen bonding interactions
Authors: Kuo Shiao‐Wei , Hsu Cheng‐Huo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe have investigated the miscibility behavior and specific interactions of supramolecular poly[vinylbenzylthymine‐co‐(butyl methacrylate)] (T‐PBMA) and poly[(2‐vinyl‐4,6‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine)‐co‐styrene] (VDAT‐PS) blends with respect to their vinylbenzylthymine (VBT) and 2‐vinyl‐4,6‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine (VDAT) contents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that multiple hydrogen bonding interactions occurred exclusively between the VDAT and VBT units, which were stronger than adenine and thymine interactions. A miscibility window occurred in the VDAT‐PS/T‐PBMA blend system when the VBT and VDAT fractions in the copolymers were greater than 7 mol%, as predicted using the Painter–Coleman association model. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Physiotherapists' participation in peer review in New Zealand: Implications for the profession
Authors: Rolland Ta‐Mera , Hocking Clare , Jones Marion 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Peer review is increasingly used for professional development and to monitor physiotherapists' competence to practice. This study set out to describe the experience of participating in peer review. Method. Qualitative descriptive methods were employed to elicit and analyze interview data from physiotherapists with experience as reviewers and having their practice reviewed. Results. Reviewers managed the process to provide an appropriate level of challenge to junior and senior therapists, and to avoid disrupting professional relationships. Those being reviewed reduced anxiety about the process and risk of negative feedback by putting their best practice on show, and where they could, by carefully choosing the reviewer and patient interaction to be reviewed. Conclusion. When peer review has competing purposes it is neither an effective professional development tool nor an accurate measure of competence. Power and interpersonal relationships need to be acknowledged if peer review is used to assess practitioner competence. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extremal black hole flows and duality invariants
Authors: Ceresole A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractExtremal black holes in Maxwell‐Einstein supergravities with scalar fields can be obtained as solutions of first order flow equations even when they are not supersymmetric, provided one identifies a suitable superpotential W entering the effective potential, and driving the evolution of the scalar fields. We briefly review the main ideas for the construction of W in terms of duality invariants of N = 2 special geometry and we comment on its properties in wider contexts.
Growth and characterization of ZnMgTe/ZnTe layered structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Imada S. , Baba T. , Sakurasawa S. , Kobayashi M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractZnMgTe/ZnTe layered structures were grown on ZnTe substrates by molecular beam epitaxy, and the crystal structures were characterized using X‐ray diffraction methods. This structure would be the waveguide for various optoelectronic devices. Therefore, the crystal quality of this layered structure would be very crucial for the realization of high performance devices. ZnMgTe is lattice mismatched to ZnTe, and the increase of the ZnMgTe layer thickness or Mg mole fraction ratio would result in the crystal quality deterioration of the layered structure. The critical layer thickness (CLT) was theoretically derived, and various structures with various ZnMgTe layer thickness and Mg mole fraction were grown. The lattice mismatch strain relief and crystal quality of those samples were investigated by means of X‐ray reciprocal space mapping (RSM) and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dislocation formation and the lattice mismatch relaxation were confirmed for various samples and it was revealed that the calculated CLT values could be used as an appropriate guideline to design the dislocation free and high performance device structures (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of annealing on nitrogen‐doped ZnO grown by MOVPE with a high‐speed rotating disk reactor
Authors: Nishimoto Naoki , Matsuo Yuki , Fujita Yasuhisa 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNitrogen‐doped ZnO thin films were grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy; growth was carried out using a vertical‐type reactor having a high speed rotating disk. Diisopropylzinc, tertiary‐butanol and tertiary‐butylamine were used as the zinc source, the oxygen source and the nitrogen source, respectively. The growth temperature was 350 °C, and VI/II ratio was ranged between 1 and 5. The thin‐film properties were evaluated by Hall‐effect, Raman scattering measurements, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy analyses. The as‐grown film at VI/II = 2 had a nitrogen concentration of 1.42 × 1019 cm‐3, while the residual electron concentration and mobility were 1.12 × 1018 cm‐3 and 60.8 cm2/Vs, respectively. It is demonstrated that a nitrogen concentration of around 2.0 × 1019 cm‐3 represents the solubility limit for this growth condition. Post‐annealing led to a decrease in the residual electron concentration to 8.46 × 1015 cm‐3 while maintaining the comparatively high mobility. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Perturbation growth at the convective scale for CSIP IOP18
Authors: Leoncini G. , Plant R. S. , Gray S. L. , Clark P. A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Met Office Unified Model is run for a case observed during Intensive Observation Period 18 (IOP18) of the Convective Storms Initiation Project (CSIP). The aims are to identify the physical processes that lead to perturbation growth at the convective scale in response to model‐state perturbations and to determine their sensitivity to the character of the perturbations. The case is strongly upper‐level forced but with detailed mesoscale/convective‐scale evolution that is dependent on smaller‐scale processes. Potential temperature is perturbed within the boundary layer. The effects on perturbation growth of both the amplitude and typical scale length of the perturbations are investigated, and perturbations are applied either sequentially (every 30 minutes throughout the simulation) or at specific times.The direct effects (within one time step) of the perturbations are to generate propagating Lamb and acoustic waves and produce generally small changes in cloud parameters and convective instability. In exceptional cases a perturbation at a specific grid point leads to switching of the diagnosed boundary‐layer type or discontinuous changes in convective instability, through the generation or removal of a lid. The indirect effects (during the entire simulation) are changes in the intensity and location of precipitation and in the cloud‐size distribution. Qualitatively different behaviour is found for strong (1 K amplitude) and weak (0.01 K amplitude) perturbations, with faster growth after sunrise found only for the weaker perturbations. However, the overall perturbation growth (as measured by the root‐mean‐square error of accumulated precipitation) reaches similar values at saturation, regardless of the perturbation characterization. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright.
Maximin and Bayesian robust experimental design for measurement set selection in modelling biochemical regulatory systems
Authors: He Fei , Brown Martin , Yue Hong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractExperimental design is important in system identification, especially when the models are complex and the measurement data are sparse and noisy, as often occurs in modelling of biochemical regulatory networks. The quality of conventional optimal experimental design largely depends on the accuracy of model parameter estimation, which is often either unavailable or poorly estimated at the stage of design. Robust experimental design (RED) algorithms have thus been proposed when model parametric uncertainties need to be addressed during the design process. In this paper, two robust design strategies are investigated and the comparative study has been made on signal pathway models. The first method is a maximin experimental design approach which is a worst‐case design strategy, and the second method is the Bayesian experimental design that ‘takes an average’ of the parametric uncertainty effects. The limitations of the maximin design which describes the structural uncertainty using a local Taylor representation are quantitatively evaluated. To better quantitatively assess the differences between the maximin and the Bayesian REDs, a concept of effective design parameters is proposed, from which the advantages of the Bayesian design is demonstrated especially in the case of large model uncertainties. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive load balancing management technique for RFID middleware systems
Authors: Chae Heung Seok , Park Jae Geol , Cui Jian Feng , Lee Joon Sang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn recent years, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) industries have taken a great interest in utilizing the benefits of RFID for supply chain management, inventory control and various other applications. This paper proposed an adaptive load balancing technique for RFID middleware systems to meet the demands of scalability and heterogeneity. First, we explored five basic load balancing policies, namely, information policy, job selection policy, transfer policy, initiation policy and location policy. Eighteen load balancing schemes were then proposed for RFID middleware systems that were combinations of various types of the five basic load balancing policies. Our empirical study suggested that these load balancing strategies performed differently under different workload statuses. Finally, an adaptive load balancing strategy was proposed. The load balancing schemes and the proposed adaptive load balancing strategy have been implemented in the RFID Middleware Load Management System (RM‐LMS). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Review: Mind the Gap: Challenges in Characterizing and Quantifying Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapies for Clinical Translation
Authors: Rayment Erin A. , Williams David J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
There are many challenges associated with characterizing and quantifying cells for use in cell- and tissue-based therapies. From a regulatory perspective, these advanced treatments must not only be safe and effective but also be made by high-quality manufacturing processes that allow for on-time delivery of viable products. Although sterility assays can be adapted from conventional bioprocessing, cell- and tissue-based therapies require more stringent safety assessments, especially in relation to use of animal products, immune reaction, and potential instability due to extended culture times. Furthermore, cell manufacturers who plan to use human embryonic stem cells in their therapies need to be particularly stringent in their final purification steps, due to the unrestricted growth potential of these cells. This review summarizes the current issues in characterization and quantification for cell- and tissue-based therapies, dividing these challenges into the regulatory themes of safety, potency, and manufacturing quality. It outlines current assays in use, as well as highlights the limits of many of these product release tests. Mode of action is discussed, with particular reference to in vitro surrogate assays that can be used to provide information to correlate with proposed in vivo patient efficacy. Importantly, this review highlights the requirement for basic research to improve current knowledge on the in vivo fate of these treatments; as well as an improved stakeholder negotiation process to identify the measurement requirements that will ensure the manufacture of the best possible cell- and tissue-based therapies within the shortest timeframe for the most patient benefit.
Concise Review: Isoforms of OCT4 Contribute to the Confusing Diversity in Stem Cell Biology
Authors: Wang Xia , Dai Jianwu 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The human OCT4 gene can generate at least three transcripts (OCT4A, OCT4B, and OCT4B1) and four protein isoforms (OCT4A, OCT4B-190, OCT4B-265, and OCT4B-164) by alternative splicing and alternative translation initiation. OCT4A is a transcription factor responsible for the pluripotency properties of embryonic stem (ES) cells. While OCT4B cannot sustain ES cell self-renewal, it may respond to cell stresses. Yet, the function of OCT4B1 is still unclear. Lack of distinction of OCT4 isoforms could lead to confusions and controversies on OCT4 in various tissues and cells. One important issue we emphasize in this review article is that alternatively spliced transcripts and alternative translation products of OCT4 exhibit diverse expression patterns and functions. Furthermore, simple approaches and methods to detect and distinguish OCT4 isoforms are discussed. This article underscores the importance of identifying and discriminating the expression and functions of OCT4 isoforms in stem cell research.
Chronic nicotine exposure produces lateralized, age‐dependent dendritic remodeling in the rodent basolateral amygdala
Authors: Bergstrom Hadley C. , Smith Robert F. , Mollinedo Nadia S. , McDonald Craig G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study investigated the dendritic morphology of neurons located in the right and left basolateral amygdala (BLA) and infralimbic (IL) cortex following chronic nicotine exposure during adolescence or adulthood. Sprague–Dawley rats were administered subcutaneous injections of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg; free base) or saline three times per week for 2 weeks (six total injections). The dose period began on either postnatal day (P) 32 (adolescent) or P61 (adult). Twenty days following the end of dosing, brains were processed for Golgi‐Cox staining, and dendrites from principal neurons in the BLA and pyramidal neurons in the IL were digitally reconstructed in three dimensions. Morphometric analysis revealed a contrasting pattern of BLA dendritic morphology between the adolescent and adult pretreatment groups. In the adult control group, basilar dendritic length did not differ with respect to hemisphere. Nicotine induced robust hemispheric asymmetry by increasing dendritic length in the right hemisphere only. In contrast, adolescent nicotine exposure did not produce significant alteration of basilar dendritic morphology. There was, however, an indication that nicotine eliminated a naturally existing hemispheric asymmetry in the younger cohort. At both ages, nicotine produced a reduction in complexity of the apical tree of principal neurons. Chronic nicotine did not affect the dendritic morphology of pyramidal neurons from the IL in either age group, indicating another dimension of anatomical specificity. Collectively, these data implicate the BLA as a target for lasting neuroplasticity associated with chronic nicotine exposure. Further, hemispheric differences in dendritic morphology were uncovered that depended on the age of nicotine exposure, a finding that underscores the importance of considering laterality when investigating neurodevelopmental effects of drug exposure. Synapse 64:754–764, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simplified bit error rate evaluation of Nagakami‐mPSK systems with phase error recovery
Authors: Smadi Mahmoud A. , Aljazar Saleh O. , Ghaeb Jasim A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn efficient analytical and simulation techniques were developed to analyze the bit error rate of PSK Nakagami‐mfading systems with imperfect carrier recovery. We evaluate the detection loss due to the carrier recovery for different rms phase error values when coherent BPSK and QPSK systems are used in wireless channels. Our results are useful in designing practical systems and will enable designers to determine the phase precision of PSK systems in wireless environments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Analysis between Clinical Outcomes of Primary Radical Resection and Second Completion Radical Resection for T2 Gallbladder Cancer: Single‐center Experience
Authors: Cho Seong Yeon , Park Sang‐Jae , Kim Seong Hoon , Han Sung‐Sik , Kim Young‐Kyu , Lee Kwang‐Woong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundGallbladder (GB) cancer may be discovered incidentally by histopathologic examination following simple cholecystectomy. Incidental GB cancer ≥T2 or ≥N1 needs a second radical resection. It is a matter of concern whether the prognosis may be worse in patients with T2GB cancer who undergo a second radical resection than in those who undergo primary radical resection.MethodsBetween March 2001 and March 2009, 21 patients underwent a one‐step operation (OSO group), and 17 patients underwent a two‐step operation (TSO group) for T2GB cancer. We compared clinicopathologic factors and survival between patients in the OSO group (n = 9) and those in the TSO group (n = 9) with T2N0M0 GB cancer and between patients in the OSO group (n = 12) and those in the TSO group (n = 8) with T2N1M0 GB cancer.ResultsExcept for patient age, clinicopathologic factors as well as disease‐free survival were not significantly different between the OSO group and the TSO group in the aforementioned cancer stages. Patient age was significantly higher in the OSO group than in the TSO group.ConclusionsSecond completion radical resection following initial simple cholecystectomy (TSO) provided a survival benefit similar to that of primary radical surgery (OSO) for patients with both T2N0M0 and T2N1M0 GB cancers in our study.
Brief report: Behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome in older adolescents: Prevalence and correlates
Authors: Pallesen Ståle , Saxvig Ingvild West , Molde Helge , S⊘rensen Eli , Wilhelmsen‐Langeland Ane , Bjorvatn Bj⊘rn 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of “behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome (BIISS)” which is a newly defined hypersomnia, among adolescents. BIISS is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, short habitual sleep duration and sleeping considerably longer than usual during weekend/vacations. The study was conducted in the Hordaland County, Norway using a cluster sampling procedure. In all, 1285 high school students (aged 16–19 years) participated by completing self‐report questionnaires on a computer. The estimated prevalence of BIISS was 10.4%. The results from logistic regression analyses showed that use of alcohol and living in an urban area were positively related to BIISS, whereas a high level of education in mothers was negatively related to BIISS. BIISS was associated with poor grades and symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Gore‐Tex medialization laryngoplasty for treatment of dysphagia
Authors: Hendricker Ryan M. , deSilva Brad W. , Forrest L. Arick 
Published: March 2010

ObjectiveGore‐Tex medialization laryngoplasty is a well described procedure for the management of glottal incompetence with associated phonatory disturbance. Limited literature exists describing the use of this procedure in the management of dysphagia. We describe our experience with Gore‐Tex medialization laryngoplasty and the treatment of dysphagia.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsBetween April 2000 and September 2008, 189 Gore‐Tex medialization laryngoplasties were performed on 180 patients by the senior author. Complete records and analysis were available for and performed on 121 procedures for 113 patients. The main outcome measures were discontinuation of gastrostomy tube (g‐tube) use or avoidance of g‐tube, as well as clinical subjective improvement in swallowing function.ResultsFifty‐seven of 113 (50%) patients had complaints of dysphagia at presentation, with 47 of 57 (82%) having an objective swallowing evaluation. Thirty‐two of 47 (68%) had documented penetration and/or aspiration. Twenty of 57 (35%) patients with dysphagia required g‐tubes for alimentation. Eleven of 20 (55%) patients were able to discontinue g‐tube use after Gore‐Tex medialization laryngoplasty, and an additional five patients with aspiration were able to avoid need for g‐tubes with Gore‐Tex medialization laryngoplasty and swallowing therapy.ConclusionsGore‐Tex medialization laryngoplasty is a well tolerated and well described treatment for the management of glottal incompetence. The procedure is an appropriate adjunct in dysphagia management for the appropriate patient population.