bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affective Priming Effects of Musical Sounds on the Processing of Word Meaning
Authors: Steinbeis Nikolaus , Koelsch Stefan 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that music is capable of conveying semantically meaningful concepts. Several questions have subsequently arisen particularly with regard to the precise mechanisms underlying the communication of musical meaning as well as the role of specific musical features. The present article reports three studies investigating the role of affect expressed by various musical features in priming subsequent word processing at the semantic level. By means of an affective priming paradigm, it was shown that both musically trained and untrained participants evaluated emotional words congruous to the affect expressed by a preceding chord faster than words incongruous to the preceding chord. This behavioral effect was accompanied by an N400, an ERP typically linked with semantic processing, which was specifically modulated by the (mis)match between the prime and the target. This finding was shown for the musical parameter of consonance/dissonance (Experiment 1) and then extended to mode (major/minor) (Experiment 2) and timbre (Experiment 3). Seeing that the N400 is taken to reflect the processing of meaning, the present findings suggest that the emotional expression of single musical features is understood by listeners as such and is probably processed on a level akin to other affective communications (i.e., prosody or vocalizations) because it interferes with subsequent semantic processing. There were no group differences, suggesting that musical expertise does not have an influence on the processing of emotional expression in music and its semantic connotations.
Electrical Stimulation of Broca's Area Enhances Implicit Learning of an Artificial Grammar
Authors: de Vries Meinou H. , Barth Andre C. R. , Maiworm Sandra , Knecht Stefan , Zwitserlood Pienie , Flöel Agnes 
Published: November 2009

AbstractArtificial grammar learning constitutes a well-established model for the acquisition of grammatical knowledge in a natural setting. Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that Broca's area (left BA 44/45) is similarly activated by natural syntactic processing and artificial grammar learning. The current study was conducted to investigate the causal relationship between Broca's area and learning of an artificial grammar by means of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Thirty-eight healthy subjects participated in a between-subject design, with either anodal tDCS (20 min, 1 mA) or sham stimulation, over Broca's area during the acquisition of an artificial grammar. Performance during the acquisition phase, presented as a working memory task, was comparable between groups. In the subsequent classification task, detecting syntactic violations, and specifically, those where no cues to superficial similarity were available, improved significantly after anodal tDCS, resulting in an overall better performance. A control experiment where 10 subjects received anodal tDCS over an area unrelated to artificial grammar learning further supported the specificity of these effects to Broca's area. We conclude that Broca's area is specifically involved in rule-based knowledge, and here, in an improved ability to detect syntactic violations. The results cannot be explained by better tDCS-induced working memory performance during the acquisition phase. This is the first study that demonstrates that tDCS may facilitate acquisition of grammatical knowledge, a finding of potential interest for rehabilitation of aphasia.
“Virus and Epidemic”: Causal Knowledge Activates Prediction Error Circuitry
Authors: Fenker Daniela B. , Schoenfeld Mircea A. , Waldmann Michael R. , Schuetze Hartmut , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Duezel Emrah 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Knowledge about cause and effect relationships (e.g., virus–epidemic) is essential for predicting changes in the environment and for anticipating the consequences of events and one's own actions. Although there is evidence that predictions and learning from prediction errors are instrumental in acquiring causal knowledge, it is unclear whether prediction error circuitry remains involved in the mental representation and evaluation of causal knowledge already stored in semantic memory. In an fMRI study, participants assessed whether pairs of words were causally related (e.g., virus–epidemic) or noncausally associated (e.g., emerald–ring). In a second fMRI study, a task cue prompted the participants to evaluate either the causal or the noncausal associative relationship between pairs of words. Causally related pairs elicited higher activity in OFC, amygdala, striatum, and substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area than noncausally associated pairs. These regions were also more activated by the causal than by the associative task cue. This network overlaps with the mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic network known to code prediction errors, suggesting that prediction error processing might participate in assessments of causality even under conditions when it is not explicitly required to make predictions.
Coordinated Roles of Motivation and Perception in the Regulation of Intergroup Responses: Frontal Cortical Asymmetry Effects on the P2 Event-related Potential and Behavior
Authors: Amodio David M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSelf-regulation is believed to involve changes in motivation and perception that function to promote goal-driven behavior. However, little is known about the way these processes interact during the on-line engagement of self-regulation. The present study examined the coordination of motivation, perception, and action control in White American participants as they regulated responses on a racial stereotyping task. Electroencephalographic indices of approach motivation (left frontal cortical asymmetry) and perceptual attention to Black versus White faces (the P2 event-related potential) were assessed during task performance. Action control was modeled from task behavior using the process-dissociation procedure. A pattern of moderated mediation emerged, such that stronger left frontal activity predicted larger P2 responses to race, which in turn predicted better action control, especially for participants holding positive racial attitudes. Results supported the hypothesis that motivation tunes perception to facilitate goal-directed action. Implications for theoretical models of intergroup response regulation, the P2 component, and the relation between motivation and perception are discussed.
The Relationship Between Trauma, Post-Migration Problems and the Psychological Well-Being of Refugees and Asylum Seekers
Authors: Carswell Kenneth , Blackburn Pennie , Barker Chris 
Published: November 2009

Background: There is growing evidence of the impact of post-migration factors on the mental health of refugees. To date, few UK studies have been conducted. Aims: The study investigated the relationship between trauma, post-migration problems, social support and the mental health of refugees and asylum seekers. Methods: Refugees and asylum seekers ( n = 47) were recruited mainly from clinical settings. Self-report measures of post-migration problems, mental health problems and social support were completed in an interview. Results: Bivariate associations were identified between increased symptoms and number of traumas, adaptation difficulties, loss of culture and support and confidant support. In multivariate analyses post-migration problems were significantly associated with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and emotional distress. There was no significant association of symptoms and number of traumas or social support. Conclusions: The results suggest that clinical services should provide holistic interventions within a phased approach when working with refugees and asylum seekers. At a policy level, the results suggest the need for asylum policies that reduce post-migration problems and provide support for refugees and asylum seekers.
Nitrogen separation from natural gas by modified clinoptilolite
Authors: Faghihian H. , Pirouzi M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeparation of nitrogen, the major impurity of natural gas, is necessary for quality improvement of the gas. In this study, purified and some ion-exchanged forms of clinoptilolite were used to separate N2 from natural gas. Competitive adsorption of mixtures of N2, CH4 and C2H6 by Cu2+ (Cu-Cp)-, Zn2+ (Zn-Cp)-, Ni2+ (Ni-Cp)- and Mn2+ (Mn-Cp)-exchanged samples was studied at different pressures and ambient temperature. Among the cations studied, Cu2+ has the lowest selectivity towards N2. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, BET N2 adsorption and wet chemical analysis techniques.
Clay mineral assemblages as indicators of hydrothermalism in the basal part of the CRP-3 core (Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica)
Authors: Setti M. , Marinoni L. , Lopez-Galindo A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe CRP-3 drilling project collected sediments from 3 to 939 mbsf (metres below sea floor) in the Victoria Land Basin in Antarctica. The upper sequence (down to ~790 m bsf) is of Cenozoic age and made up of detrital glaciogenic sediments; the characteristics of clay minerals in this part have been reported elsewhere. Here, the compositional features of clay minerals in the lower sequence such as conglomerates, Devonian sandstones and dolerites are described and genetic processes clarified. Clay minerals in the deepest part of the sequence derive from the alteration of different lithologies that mostly make up the sedimentary basin.Two clay mineral assemblages were characterized through analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From 790 to 823 mbsf, samples consist of authigenic smectite of variable chemical composition forming imbricated texture of plates or flakes. The smectites probably result from hydrothermal/diagenetic transformation of earlier minerals. The primary smectite cement underwent reorganization during shearing and cataclasis. The lowest part of the sequence (below 823 mbsf) is characterized by an assemblage of kaolinite, mixed-layer illite-smectite, Fe oxyhydroxide, sporadic smectite and poorly crystallized illite. It reflects a stronger alteration process than that recorded in the upper units of core CRP-3, related to hydrothermalism connected with the intrusion of an igneous body. Both assemblages show clear differences in particle morphology, texture and smectite composition to the clay assemblages found in the Cenozoic glaciomarine sediments in the upper sequence. The different phases of alteration appear related to the processes of rifting, exhumation and faulting that characterized this region since the Mesozoic.
Radiation-induced defects in quartz: a multifrequency EPR study and DFT
modelling of new peroxy radicals
Authors: Pan Yuanming , Nilges M. J. , Mashkovtsev R. I. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
A natural quartz, annealed first at 800°C and then irradiated with a 3.5 MeV
electron beam, has been investigated by single-crystal electron paramagnetic
resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at X- and W-band frequencies from 110 K to 298 K. The
W-band EPR spectra allow better separation of two previously reported
radiation-induced defects (D and E) and improved determinations of their spin
Hamiltonian parameters. These defects have similar g tensors with the
gmax axes approximately along an O—O pair and
gmin axes perpendicular to the short Si—O bonds, but
different 27Al hyperfine structures. Centre E is also
characterized by a 29Si hyperfine structure
(A/geβe = ~0.4 mT). These spin
Hamiltonian parameters, together with results from density functional theory (DFT)
calculations, suggest centre E to be a new variant of peroxy radicals in quartz,
whereas a peroxy radical model for centre D remains tentative. Thermal stabilities
and decay kinetics of centres D and E have been investigated by use of isochronal
and isothermal annealing experiments on a neutron-irradiated quartz and six smoky
quartz crystals in druses from a U deposit.
Crystallite growth kinetics in nanocrystalline quartz (agate and
chalcedony)
Authors: Moxon T. , Carpenter M. A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Crystallite growth in natural agate samples has been investigated at
temperatures of 350—550°C and 100 MPa pressure in the presence of water vapour.
Initial crystallite coarsening is accompanied by the transformation of moganite to
α-quartz that is apparently inhibited by residual moganite when the crystallite
sizes reach ~50 nm. At 350—500°C the coarsening kinetics can be described by an
empirical law developed to describe Zener pinning which incorporates the maximum
crystallite size prior to growth inhibition: .
Co = initial crystallite size,
Cs = crystallite growth after
time t,
Cm = the maximum size achieved
before inhibition and k is the rate constant that
includes the activation energy which was found to be 51(±9) kJ
mole—1. A more conventional isothermal growth rate law,
= kt
with n = 6.5, only applies at 550°C. Limited growth was
obtained when small agate cubes were heated in an open furnace up to 122 d at
550°C, demonstrating that water vapour was essential for continued crystallite
coarsening. The crystallite size and moganite content of agates formed under
normal earth surface conditions from hosts aged 13 Ma to 3.5 Ga have also been
determined. The high temperature crystallite growth rate law does not describe
natural agate growth quantitatively but a qualitatively similar pattern is
observed.
Quartz grain surface features in environmental determination of aeolian
Quaternary deposits in northeastern Tunisia
Authors: Chakroun A. , Miskovsky J.-C. , Zaghbib-Turkil D. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Quartz grain surfaces from the Quaternary sand deposits of northeastern
Tunisia were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Superficial textures on the
quartz grain surface are commonly well preserved and are characteristic of
specific formation conditions, allowing the reconstruction of the transport and
sedimentation chronology and environment of individual grains.
In the northeastern coastal part of Tunisia (Cap Bon peninsula), the quartz
grain exoscopy analysis involves a complex sedimentary history during the
Quaternary. The Quaternary dune samples provided a mixture of sub-angular and
rounded quartz morphotypes with well preserved mechanical impacts on the grain
surfaces. The investigated quartz grains revealed reasonably distinct textural
combinations and are characterized firstly, by mechanical features, and secondly,
by chemical processes. In all the materials examined, differing environmental
evolutions, marine, aeolian and pedologic were detected.
Chemistry, textures and physical properties of quartz — geological interpretation and technical application
Authors: Götze J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractQuartz is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth’s crust and the most important silica mineral, occurring in large amounts in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. The mineral is widely used as a raw material in several industrial applications. Because of its chemical composition (SiO2) and its specific properties, quartz can be used both as a bulk product (e.g. quartz sands in the glass or foundry industry) and as a high-tech material (e.g. piezo or optical quartz).Dependent on the specific conditions of either natural or synthetic formation, quartz can display typomorphic properties. Variations in crystal shape, specific micro-structure, trace element or isotope compositions, characteristic spectroscopic properties, etc. may be controlled by the genesis of the quartz involved. Accordingly, the defect structure of quartz is a fingerprint of its conditions of formation. A knowledge of the interrelation between quartz genesis and the specific properties developed at that time can be used both for the reconstruction of geological processes and for specific technical applications. Selected examples in the present study give an overview of how to analyse and use the specific information inherent in the mineral quartz.
A phase II pilot study of tacrolimus/sirolimus GVHD prophylaxis for sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using 3 conditioning regimens
Authors: Rodriguez Roberto , Nakamura Ryotaro , Palmer Joycelynne M. , Parker Pablo , Shayani Sepideh , Nademanee Auyaporn , Snyder David , Pullarkat Vinod , Kogut Neil , Rosenthal Joseph , Smith Eileen , Karanes Chatchada , O'Donnell Margaret , Krishnan Amrita Y. , Senitzer David , Forman Stephen J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCombination tacrolimus and sirolimus graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis for allogeneic transplant in patients conditioned with a fractionated total body irradiation–based regimen has shown encouraging results. We studied this prophylaxis combination in 85 patients receiving a matched-sibling transplant conditioned with 3 different regimens:fludarabine-melphalan (n = 46); total body irradiation–etoposide (n = 28), and busulfan-cyclophosphamide (n = 11). The conditioning regimens were completed on day −4. Sirolimus and tacrolimus were started on day −3 to avoid overlap with conditioning therapy. All patients engrafted, with a median time to neutrophil engraftment of 15 days. The cumulative incidence of acute GVHD grades II to IV and III to IV was 43% and 19%, respectively, with no significant difference by conditioning regimen. The 2-year cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 46%. With a median follow-up of 26 months, disease-free survival was 58% and overall survival, 66%. The day-100 and 2-year nonrelapse mortality was 4.8% and 10.2%, respectively. The overall incidence of thrombotic microangiopathy was 19%, and it was significantly higher with busulfan/cyclophosphamide (55%, P = .005). Tacrolimus plus sirolimus is an effective combination for acute GVHD prophylaxis and is associated with very low nonrelapse mortality. Thrombotic microangiopathy is a significant complication with this regimen, particularly in patients receiving busulfan/cyclophosphamide.
Thrombosis in primary myelofibrosis: incidence and risk factors
Authors: Barbui Tiziano , Carobbio Alessandra , Cervantes Francisco , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Guglielmelli Paola , Antonioli Elisabetta , Alvarez-Larrán Alberto , Rambaldi Alessandro , Finazzi Guido , Barosi Giovanni 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
We assessed frequency and predictive factors for major cardiovascular (CV) events in 707 patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) followed in 4 European institutions. A total of 236 deaths (33%) were recorded for an overall mortality of 7.7% patient-years (pt-yr). Fatal and nonfatal thromboses were registered in 51 (7.2%) patients, with a rate of 1.75% pt-yr. If deaths from non-CV causes were considered as competing events, we estimated that the adjusted rate of major thrombotic events would have been 2.2% pt-yr. In a multivariable model, age older than 60 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-4.39, P = .01) and JAK2 mutational status (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.10-3.34; P = .02) were significantly associated with thrombosis, whereas the strength of the association between leukocyte count higher than 15 × 109/L and CV events was of borderline significance (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 0.97-2.72; P = .06). The highest incidence of fatal and nonfatal thrombosis was observed when the mutation was present along with leukocytosis (3.9% pt-yr; HR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.26-7.81). This study is the largest hitherto carried out in this setting and shows that the rate of major CV events in PMF is comparable with that reported in essential thrombocythemia, and it is increased in aged patients and those with JAK2 V617F mutation and leukocytosis.
Prevalence and clinical correlates of bronchoreversibility in severe emphysema
Authors: Han M. K. , Wise R. , Mumford J. , Sciurba F. , Criner G. J. , Curtis J. L. , Murray S. , Sternberg A. , Weinman G. , Kazerooni E. , Fishman A. P. , Make B. , Hoffman E. A. , Mosenifar Z. , Martinez F. J. 
Published: November 2009

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibits airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible. The importance of bronchoreversibility remains controversial.We hypothesised that an emphysematous phenotype of COPD would be associated with decreased bronchoreversibility.544 patients randomised to the medical arm of the National Emphysema Treatment Trial formed the study group. Participants underwent multiple measurements of bronchoreversibility on a mean of four sessions over 1.91 yrs. They were also characterised by measures of symptoms, quality of life and quantitative measures of emphysema by computed tomography.Mean baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in this patient population is 24% predicted. 22.2% of patients demonstrated bronchoreversibility on one or more occasions using American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society criteria. Few patients (0.37%) had bronchoreversibility on all completed tests. Patients who demonstrated bronchoreversibility were more likely to be male, and have better lung function and less emphysema. 64% of patients demonstrated large (≥400 mL) changes in forced vital capacity (FVC).In a severe emphysema population, bronchoreversibility as defined by change in FEV1is infrequent, varies over time, and is more common in males and those with less severe emphysema. Improvements in FVC, however, were demonstrated in the majority of patients.
Prevalence and outcome of pulmonary fibrosis in microscopic polyangiitis
Authors: Tzelepis G.E. , Kokosi M. , Tzioufas A. , Toya S.P. , Boki K.A. , Zormpala A. , Moutsopoulos H.M. 
Published: November 2009

We sought to determine the type of pulmonary involvement in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), primarily focusing on pulmonary fibrosis (PF), its prevalence, temporal relationship with other disease manifestations and outcome.33 patients (16 males) with biopsy proven perinuclear anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-positive MPA (age 63.5 yrs) participated in the study. Pulmonary involvement was assessed using standard methods, including radiographic imaging (chest radiographs and high-resolution computed tomography), pulmonary function testing, bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage, and, if indicated, lung biopsy. All-cause mortality was analysed by the Kaplan–Meier method and was compared between MPA patients with and without PF.At the time of diagnosis, renal involvement was detected in all patients, with renal biopsies being consistent with segmental necrotising glomerulonephritis in all patients. The most common respiratory symptom was haemoptysis, which was found in nine (27%) patients. PF was present in 12 (36%) patients at the time of diagnosis, whereas one patient developed PF while on therapy ∼10 yrs after disease diagnosis. In seven patients with PF, respiratory symptoms related to fibrosis preceded other disease manifestations by a median (range) period of 13 (5–120) months. Patients were followed up for a period of 38±30 months. Presence of PF was associated with increased mortality (p = 0.02), with six deaths occurring in the fibrotic group and one in the nonfibrotic group. In the fibrotic group most deaths were related to PF.PF occurs frequently in MPA, may precede other disease manifestations by a variable length of time and has a poor prognosis.