bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polysiloxanes polymers with hyperbranched structure and multivinyl functionality
Authors: Zheng Yu , Thurecht Kristofer J. , Wang Wenxin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHyperbranched polysiloxane polymers with multivinyl functionality were designed and synthesized through a “one‐step and one‐pot” deactivation enhanced atom transfer polymerization (DE‐ATRP) approach from the copolymerization of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) macromonomers and divinylbenzene (DVB). Various feed ratios of siloxane‐based monomer and divinyl monomers were investigated. We showed that even at DVB concentrations as high as 80 mol % in the feed, 65% yield of hyperbranched polymer could be obtained without gelation because the DE‐ATRP suppressed the rapid formation of macronetwork structures. The molecular weight, polydispersity, macromolecular structure of hyperbranched poly(DVB‐co‐PDMS) as well as its viscosity in silicone oil were characterized by GPC‐MALLS, 1H NMR and rheometer. By tracking the relationship between the radius of gyration, elution volume and molecular weight from MALLS analysis, solid evidences of the highly branched and condensed structure of the polymers were obtained. Furthermore, the oil thickening experiments demonstrate that this hyperbranched polymer can act as a well‐controlled viscosity‐modifier for Silicone oils, which potentially will have important application in coating, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Electron and hole scattering dynamics in InN films investigated by infrared measurements
Authors: Ishitani Yoshihiro , Fujiwara Masayuki , Imai Daichi , Kusakabe Kazuhide , Yoshikawa Akihiko 
Published: November 2011

AbstractInN layers have electron accumulation structure around the surfaces and interfaces with the substrates. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy enables the analysis of the inside bulk region in spite of the high sheet electron density of the order of 1013 cm−2 in the accumulation layers using the dispersion of the penetration depth. The polarization spectroscopy shows the anisotropic electron and hole scattering rates. The higher scattering rates of electron and hole plasmons vibrating along the c axis are attributed to edge‐type dislocations, while the scattering by Mg or related complex dominates the damping processes of hole plasmons vibrating vertical to the c axis in highly Mg‐doped p‐InN. The smaller photoluminescence (PL) intensity of p‐InN is attributed to the smaller activation energy of carriers to be captured by deep levels than that from the captured carriers to the ground state.
Biodegradability screening of soil amendments through coupling of wavelength‐scanned cavity ring‐down spectroscopy to multiple dynamic chambers
Authors: Bai Mo , Köstler Martin , Kunstmann Jürgen , Wilske Burkhard , Gattinger Andreas , Frede Hans‐Georg , Breuer Lutz 
Published: November 2011

A system was developed for the automatic measurements of 13CO2 efflux to determine biodegradation of extra carbon amendments to soils. The system combines wavelength‐scanned cavity ring down laser spectroscopy (WS‐CRDS) with the open‐dynamic chamber (ODC) method. The WS‐CRDS instrument and a batch of 24 ODC are coupled via microprocessor‐controlled valves. Determination of the biodegradation requires a known δ13C value and the applied mass of the carbon compounds, and the biodegradation is calculated based on the 13CO2 mixing ratio (ppm) sampled from the headspace of the chambers. The WS‐CRDS system provided accurate detection based on parallel samples of three standard gases (13CO2 of 2, 11 and 22 ppm) that were measured simultaneously by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (linear regression R2 = 0.99). Repeated checking with the same standards showed that the WS‐CRDS system showed no drift over seven months.The applicability of the ODC was checked against the closed static chamber (CSC) method using the rapid biodegradation of cane sugar – δ13C‐labeled through C4 photosynthesis. There was no significant difference between the results from 7‐min ODC and 120‐min CSC measurements. Further, a test using samples of either cane sugar (C4) or beetroot sugar (C3) mixed into standard soil proved the target functionality of the system, which is to identify the biodegradation of carbon sources with significantly different isotopic signatures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanoscale DNA Tetrahedra Improve Biomolecular Recognition on Patterned Surfaces
Authors: Schlapak Robert , Danzberger Jürgen , Armitage David , Morgan David , Ebner Andreas , Hinterdorfer Peter , Pollheimer Philipp , Gruber Hermann J. , Schäffler Friedrich , Howorka Stefan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe bottom‐up approach of DNA nano‐biotechnology can create biomaterials with defined properties relevant for a wide range of applications. This report describes nanoscale DNA tetrahedra that are beneficial to the field of biosensing and the targeted immobilization of biochemical receptors on substrate surfaces. The DNA nanostructures act as immobilization agents that are able to present individual molecules at a defined nanoscale distance to the solvent thereby improving biomolecular recognition of analytes. The tetrahedral display devices are self‐assembled from four oligonucleotides. Three of the four tetrahedron vertices are equipped with disulfide groups to enable oriented binding to gold surfaces. The fourth vertex at the top of the bound tetrahedron presents the biomolecular receptor to the solvent. In assays testing the molecular accessibility via DNA hybridization and protein capturing, tetrahedron‐tethered receptors outperformed conventional immobilization approaches with regard to specificity and amount of captured polypeptide by a factor of up to seven. The bottom‐up strategy of creating DNA tetrahedrons is also compatible with the top‐down route of nanopatterning of inorganic substrates, as demonstrated by the specific coating of micro‐ to nanoscale gold squares amid surrounding blank or poly(ethylene glycol)‐passivated glass surfaces. DNA tetrahedra can create biofunctionalized surfaces of rationally designed properties that are of relevance in analytical chemistry, cell biology, and single‐molecule biophysics.
Requirements management within a full model‐based engineering approach
Authors: Bernard Yves 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this paper we show how the Property‐Based Requirements (PBR) theory can be used to fully integrate Requirements Engineering (RE) into a Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) method using OMG UML and its SysML profile. The objective is to avoid “in‐parallel” management of two distinct expressions of the same specification (or design): once in a set of textual requirements and once in a model, which must be maintained to be consistent. This is achieved by the identification, in common modeling concepts, of Requirement Tracker Artifacts (RTA) that match the pattern defined by the Property‐Based Requirement theory. An illustration is provided with both the UML and SysML modeling language. We also outline how relationships defined “by construction” in the model can be exploited to carry out requirements management activities without addition of dedicated and redundant data. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A systems framework for distance learning in engineering graduate programs
Authors: Badiru Adedeji B. , Jones Rochelle R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDistance learning (DL) is undergoing a rapid growth in academia, business, industry, and the military. Recent technological developments in computer‐based training, along with shrinking internal resources, and rising industry interest in sustainable workforce development, provide a strong impetus for DL investments. Due to the multiplicity of efforts involved in planning and executing a DL program, it is imperative that organizations view this nontraditional mode of knowledge transfer from a systems perspective. This paper presents a coordination‐centric systems framework for implementing a DL program using the SIMILAR systems engineering process. The paper also suggests linking SIMILAR to two complementary models, Triple C and D‐E‐J‐I, to enhance the overall systems approach. Implementing DL from a systems view aids in identifying the interrelating components, resource interfaces, and improvements needed in techniques used to deliver educational material at a distance. The proposed framework is effective in assisting DL instructors, students, administrators, and other stakeholders to improve the learning environment and manage the complex interaction of people, technology, and instructional processes. Because of its large and diverse operational base, the military is embracing DL programs aggressively. An example is presented of the DL program for graduate systems engineering program at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Synthesis and Characterization of Acetone Hydrazones
Authors: Miró Sabaté Carles , Delalu Henri 
Published: November 2011

Abstract1‐Isopropylidene‐2‐methylhydrazine (1), 1‐isopropylidene‐2‐hydroxyethylhydrazine (2) and 1‐isopropylidene‐2‐formylhydrazine (3) were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding hydrazine with an excess of acetone in the presence of a drying agent (anhydrous sodium sulfate or barium oxide). All compounds 1–3 were characterized by elemental analysis, coupled gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC–MS), multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C and 15N) and vibrational spectroscopy (infrared and Raman). Compounds 1 and 2 are liquid at room conditions and their density was measured by means of a picnometer, however, (at room conditions) compound 3 is a solid and its crystal density and structure were determined by low temperature X‐ray diffraction techniques (monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 4, a = 5.666(1) Å, b = 6.254(1) Å, c = 15.277(4) Å, β = 91.30(2)°, V = 541.2(2) Å3). The structure of hydrazone 3 is discussed in detail and compared to that of monoformylhydrazine. Finally, the (gas phase) structure of compound 3 was optimized using DFT calculations (B3LYP/6‐31+G(d, p)) and its NBO charges are reported.
Relationship Marketing Logic
Authors: Grönroos Christian 
Published: November 2011

In modern Western economic history, the industrial revolution and the evolution of scientific management helped society to achieve other important goals and turned relationship thinking into a secondary issue. A mass-market orientation and the establishment of the middle-man in distribution channels, as well as specialisation and the division of labour, became top priorities. The dominance of the highly management-oriented marketing mix approach to marketing from the 1960s onwards, has not allowed for a relationship perspective either. This article postulates six key aspects of a successfully implemented relationship marketing strategy: three strategic issues (service business orientation, process management perspective, partnership and network formation) and three tactical issues (direct customer contacts, customer databases, customer-oriented service system). Overall, relationship marketing is seen as a philosophy rather than a departmental function. A transition curve is described for getting from the second to the first.
Our Present State of Ignorance in Relationship Marketing
Authors: Lehtinen Uolevi 
Published: November 2011

In this paper I generate a number of questions and problematic issues that reveal our state of ignorance regarding relationship marketing. At the same time many suggestions for future research concerning relationship marketing arise. The questions vary from the total contribution of relationship marketing to the detailed practices of relationship marketing. The discussion raises some general issues concerning many of the questions presented. These general issues are conceptualisation, level of analysis, modelling, measurement, time contextuality and contribution to theory and practice.
Expression of proinflammatory, proatherogenic genes is reduced by the Mediterranean diet in elderly people
Authors: Camargo Antonio , Delgado-Lista Javier , Garcia-Rios Antonio , Cruz-Teno Cristina , Yubero-Serrano Elena M. , Perez-Martinez Pablo , Gutierrez-Mariscal Francisco M. , Lora-Aguilar Pilar , Rodriguez-Cantalejo Fernando , Fuentes-Jimenez Francisco , Tinahones Francisco Jose , Malagon Maria M. , Perez-Jimenez Francisco , Lopez-Miranda Jose 
Published: November 2011

Ageing is an important determinant of atherosclerosis development rate, mainly by the creation of a chronic low-grade inflammation. Diet, and particularly its fat content, modulates the inflammatory response in the fasting and postprandial states. Our aim was to study the effects of dietary fat on the expression of genes related to inflammation (NF-κB, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1),TNF-αandIL-6) and plaque stability (matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP-9) during the postprandial state of twenty healthy, elderly people who followed three diets for 3 weeks each: (1) Mediterranean diet (Med Diet) enriched in MUFA with virgin olive oil; (2) SFA-rich diet; and (3) low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet enriched inn-3 PUFA (CHO-PUFA diet) by a randomised crossover design. At the end of each period, after a 12-h fast, the subjects received a breakfast with a composition similar to the one when the dietary period ended. In the fasting state, the Med Diet consumption induced a lower gene expression of thep65subunit of NF-κB compared with the SFA-rich diet (P = 0·019). The ingestion of the Med Diet induced a lower gene postprandial expression ofp65(P = 0·033),MCP-1(P = 0·0229) andMMP-9(P = 0·041) compared with the SFA-rich diet, and a lower gene postprandial expression ofp65(P = 0·027) andTNF-α(P = 0·047) compared with the CHO-PUFA diet. Direct plasma quantification mostly reproduced the findings. Our data suggest that consumption of a Med Diet reduces the postprandial inflammatory response in mononuclear cells compared with the SFA-rich and CHO-PUFA diets in elderly people. These findings may be partly responsible for the lower CVD risk found in populations with a high adherence to the Med Diet.
VI.—Fromond's Chantry at Winchester College
Authors: Chitty Herbert 
Published: November 2011

John Fromond's chantry chapel stands in the garth of the cloisters at Winchester College, and is now commonly known to the inmates of the college by the brief name of ‘Chantry’ (pl. XXI, fig. 1).The college was founded by William of Wykeham, bishop of Winchester, in 1382: its buildings were first occupied by the warden and scholars in March 1394; and on St. Kenelm's day (17 July) 1395, the college chapel, and the cloisters which lie on its south side, were consecrated by Wykeham's suffragan. Simon, bishop of the Irish see of Achonry. The cloister garth, which was included in this consecration, was intended to be the college cemetery. John Fromond, who died on 20 November 1420, and his widow Maud, who died in or before April 1422, were buried, as he had desired, in one grave in the middle of the garth, and the chantry was afterwards built over their grave by his executors.
VIII.—The Warden Abbey and Chichester Croziers
Authors: Dalton O. M. , Mitchell H. P. , Couchman J. E. 
Published: November 2011

This graceful crozier-head (pi. xxxvn, fig. 1) was found in December 1838 in a stone coffin containing an imperfect skeleton, on ground to the north-east of the cloisters supposed to have been the cemetery of the Abbey.It is of latten, and cast hollow, as may be seen in a damaged part on one side of the volute. The stem is eight-sided; in place of a socket at the base, it has a tang driven into the top of the wooden staff, a short piece of which is preserved; above the tang is a moulding. In respect of the octagonal crosssection and the use of a tang in place of a socket, this example recalls the larger of those found at St. Davids (Archaeologia, lx, pl. LIII). Over the wood of the staff is passed a detached latten knop, above which is twisted a narrow band of metal to prevent splitting.2 The metal has been gilded. The two holes in the leaf may possibly have been filled by beads of coloured glass, or originally left empty as they now are.
Weighted estimates for solutions of a Sturm–Liouville equation in the space L1(ℝ)
Authors: Chernyavskaya N. A. , El-Natanov N. , Shuster L. A. 
Published: November 2011

We consider the equationwhereUnder these conditions, (1) is correctly solvable in L1(ℝ), i.e.(i) for any function f ∈ L1(ℝ), there exists a unique solution of (1), y ∈ L1(ℝ);(ii) there is an absolute constant c1 ∈ (0, ∞) such that the solution of (1),In this work we strengthen the a priori inequality (1). We find minimal requirements for a given weight function θ ∈ Lloc1(ℝ) under which the solution of (1), y ∈ L1(ℝ), satisfies the estimatewhere c2 is some absolutely positive constant.
Field Recordings of Former South London Windmills
Authors: Scott Dan 
Published: November 2011

This is an essay exploring issues of essentialism, sound-in-itself and representation that were central to a project I completed in 2010. It covers this project in the context of theory and work by Seth Kim-Cohen, CREED, Don Ihde and Annea Lockwood.The field recording is often presented in sound art as an unproblematic account of a sonic event or environment. It also prompts a particular kind of listening that approaches the sound as somehow real or accurate. This article, and my work in general, problematises this encounter and seeks to uncover the various approaches to listening that occur when dealing with field recordings, as well as the possibilities within field recordings for exploring essentialism, imagined sound and the conceptual.
Three‐dimensional oceanic eddy analysis in the Southern California Bight from a numerical product
Authors: Dong Changming , Lin Xiayan , Liu Yu , Nencioli Francesco , Chao Yi , Guan Yuping , Chen Dake , Dickey Tommy , McWilliams James C. 
Published: November 2011

With eight islands, complex coastlines and bottom topography, strong wind curls, and frequent upwelling fronts, the Southern California Bight (SCB) is an area with strong eddy activity. By applying an automated eddy detection scheme to a 12 year high‐resolution numerical product of the oceanic circulation in the SCB, a three‐dimensional eddy data set is developed. It includes information for each eddy's location, polarity, intensity, size, boundary, and moving path at nine vertical levels. Through a series of statistical analyses applied to the eddy data set, three‐dimensional statistical characteristics of mesoscale and submeoscale eddy variations in the SCB are elucidated; these shed light on how eddies are generated, evolve, and terminate. A significant percentage of eddies is found to be generated around islands and headlands along the coastline, which indicates that islands in the SCB play a vital role in eddy generation. Three types of eddies, based on shape, are identified from the numerical product: bowl, lens, and cone. A dynamic analysis shows that some submesoscale eddies with finite local Rossby numbers tend to be ageostrophic balanced while mesoscale eddies are in geostrophic balance. The present research results are useful for the interpretation of data sets obtained during the interdisciplinary Santa Barbara Channel Radiance in a Dynamic Ocean (RaDyo) field experiment conducted on September 3–25, 2008.
On a characterization of bilinear forms on the Dirichlet space
Authors: Cascante Carme , Ortega Joaquin 
Published: November 2011

Arcozzi, Rochberg, Sawyer and Wick obtained a characterization of the holomorphic functions

b
b

such that the Hankel type bilinear form

T

b

(
f
,
g
)
=

∫

D

(
I
+
R
)
(
f
g
)
(
z
)

(
I
+
R
)
b
(
z
)

¯

d
v
(
z
)

T_{b}(f,g)= \int _{{\mathbb D}}(I+R)(fg)(z) \overline {(I+R)b(z)}dv(z)

is bounded on

D

×

D

{\mathcal D}\times {\mathcal D}

, where

D

{\mathcal D}

is the Dirichlet space. In this paper we give an alternative proof of this characterization which tries to understand the similarity with the results of Maz

′

’

ya and Verbitsky relative to the Schrödinger forms on the Sobolev spaces

L
2
1

(

R

n

)

L_2^1(\mathbb {R}^n)

.
Characterization of a Unique “Super Soft” Kernel Trait in Wheat
Authors: Morris Craig F. , Anderson James A. , King G. E. , Bettge Arthur D. , Garland‐Campbell Kimberly , Allan R. E. , Fuerst E. Patrick , Beecher Brian S. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTKernel texture in wheat (Triticum sp.) is central to end‐use quality and utilization. Here we report the discovery of a novel soft kernel trait in soft white winter wheat (T. aestivum L.). Two heritable kernel phenotypes were selected among F3‐derived sibs, hereafter designated “normal soft” (wild‐type) and “super soft.” Normal soft lines exhibited single kernel characterization system (SKCS) hardness index (HI) values typical of soft wheat (HI ≈ 20), whereas the super soft lines were unusually soft (HI ≈ 5). Under some environments, individual super soft lines exhibited HI values as low as HI = –4. The super soft trait was manifested in reduced SKCS kernel texture and higher break flour yields, with some increase in sodium carbonate SRC (solvent retention capacity) values and sponge cake volumes. Straight‐grade flour yield, flour ash, milling score, and cookie diameter were largely unaffected. With the possible exception of the sodium carbonate SRC values, we observed no indication that the super soft trait conferred any negative aspects to commercial soft wheat quality. As such, the super soft trait may provide wheat breeders with new opportunities to modify the end‐use quality of wheat.
O-Acetylation ofArabidopsisHemicellulose Xyloglucan Requires AXY4 or AXY4L, Proteins with a TBL and DUF231 Domain
Authors: Gille Sascha , de Souza Amancio , Xiong Guangyan , Benz Monique , Cheng Kun , Schultink Alex , Reca Ida-Barbara , Pauly Markus 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn an Arabidopsis thaliana forward genetic screen aimed at identifying mutants with altered structures of their hemicellulose xyloglucan (axy mutants) using oligosaccharide mass profiling, two nonallelic mutants (axy4-1 and axy4-2) that have a 20 to 35% reduction in xyloglucan O-acetylation were identified. Mapping of the mutation in axy4-1 identified AXY4, a type II transmembrane protein with a Trichome Birefringence-Like domain and a domain of unknown function (DUF231). Loss of AXY4 transcript results in a complete lack of O-acetyl substituents on xyloglucan in several tissues, except seeds. Seed xyloglucan is instead O-acetylated by the paralog AXY4like, as demonstrated by the analysis of the corresponding T-DNA insertional lines. Wall fractionation analysis of axy4 knockout mutants indicated that only a fraction containing xyloglucan is non-O-acetylated. Hence, AXY4/AXY4L is required for the O-acetylation of xyloglucan, and we propose that these proteins represent xyloglucan-specific O-acetyltransferases, although their donor and acceptor substrates have yet to be identified. An Arabidopsis ecotype, Ty-0, has reduced xyloglucan O-acetylation due to mutations in AXY4, demonstrating that O-acetylation of xyloglucan does not impact the plant's fitness in its natural environment. The relationship of AXY4 with another previously identified group of Arabidopsis proteins involved in general wall O-acetylation, reduced wall acetylation, is discussed.