bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients’ experiences with partial dentures: a qualitative study
Authors: Smith Patricia A. , Entwistle Vikki A. , Nuttall Nigel 
Published: September 2010

Objective:  The aim of the study was to gain insight into people's experiences of being given and using partial dentures.Methods:  In‐depth semi‐structured interviews were carried out with 23 people of varied age, social background and denture wearing experience in Tayside, Scotland. Participants were encouraged to discuss how they came to have partial dentures, their day‐to‐day denture use and their interactions with dentists. The interview data were systematically coded using key theme headings, and summary charts were constructed to facilitate analysis.Results:  The initial decision that a partial denture was needed was generally difficult to accept. People perceived the main benefits of partial dentures to be improved appearance and confidence, but experienced a variety of difficulties with their dentures and often coped with these by only wearing them on social occasions. Participants had not always told their dentists about the difficulties they experienced. Barriers to seeking help with denture problems included financial constraints, previous experience of rushed appointments or poor communication from dentists and a perceived lack of entitlement to help when partial dentures were issued free.Conclusions:  Partial dentures can be difficult to cope with. People experience a range of difficulties in wearing them, not all of which have been discussed with dentists. Informative and supportive communication when partial dentures are first needed, and subsequently, can improve the quality of patients’ experiences and may help promote effective use and appropriate help‐seeking by partial denture wearers.
Effect evaluation of a supervised versus non‐supervised implementation of an oral health care guideline in nursing homes: a cluster randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: De Visschere Luc , Schols Jos , van der Putten Gert‐Jan , de Baat Cees , Vanobbergen Jacques 
Published: September 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00418.x

Effect evaluation of a supervised versus non‐supervised implementation of an oral health care guideline in nursing homes: a cluster randomised controlled clinical trialObjective:  To compare a supervised versus a non‐supervised implementation of an oral health care guideline in Flanders (Belgium).Background:  The key factor in realising good oral health is daily oral hygiene care. In 2007, the Dutch guideline ‘Oral health care in care homes for elderly people’ was developed to improve oral health of institutionalised elderly.Materials and Methods:  A random sample of 12 nursing homes was randomly allocated to the intervention or the control group. Representative samples of 30 residents in each home were monitored during a 6‐month study period. The intervention included a supervised implementation of the guideline.Results:  At the 6‐month follow‐up, only a small but statistically significant (p = 0.002) beneficial effect (0.32) of the intervention was observed for denture plaque after adjustment for baseline value and the random effect of the institution. In the linear mixed regression models, including a random institution effect, difference in denture plaque level was no longer statistically significant at the 5% level.Conclusion:  Only denture hygiene has been improved by the supervised implementation, although with lower benefits than presumed. Factors on institutional level, difficult to assess quantitatively, may play an important role in the final result.
Simple lightweight disposable continuous positive airways pressure mask to effectively treat acute pulmonary oedema: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Leman Peter , Greene Shaun , Whelan Kim , Legassick Tony 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:  To compare the novel Boussignac valve continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) delivery mask and a standard closed‐circuit Drager CF800 CPAP system in the management of acute pulmonary oedema (APO) patients.Methods:  This was a randomized controlled trial whereby patients presenting to the ED with APO and who met the study criteria received either CPAP via the Boussignac valve system or from a standard Drager CF800. Baseline physiological and arterial gas data were recorded and repeated at 30 and 60 min after CPAP commenced. The primary outcome was mean change in pCO2 at 60 min between the two systems.Results:  There were 39 evaluable patients (19 Boussignac, 20 Drager). The mean change in pCO2 at 60 min compared to baseline was similar in the two groups (Boussignac 0.9 kPa vs. Drager 1.2 kPa, mean difference −0.3; 95% CI −1.0–0.5, P = 0.45). In addition, there were no significant differences at 60 min in regards to respiratory rate decrease, Boussignac 17.3/min versus Drager 19.6/min (mean difference 1.3; 95% CI −3.3–5.8, P = 0.58) or peripheral SaO2 increase, Boussignac 10.7% versus Drager 14.6% (mean difference −3.9; 95% CI −9.9–2.1, P = 0.19). There was no significant difference in disposition from the ED or the complication rate.Conclusions:  The Boussignac valve system may be an effective lightweight disposable method of delivering CPAP to patients with APO. It appears to perform as effectively as much larger, more expensive and less transportable equipment.
Transthoracic electrical bioimpedance: A means of filling the void?
Authors: Thom Ogilvie , Taylor David 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives:  To examine the published evidence regarding the use of transthoracic electric bioimpedance (TEB) for the non‐invasive monitoring of cardiac output in the ED.Method:  Databases  of  the  medical  literature,  relevant  textbooks  and  the  Internet  were  searched for articles regarding TEB. Criteria for inclusion were drawn up prior to examination of the articles and included adherence to guidelines for comparing methods of clinical measurement.Results:  Results are discussed under the following headings: technological capability, diagnostic accuracy, limitations, range of possible uses, therapeutic impact, impact on health care providers, patient outcome and future directions.Conclusion:  TEB is a technique for the non‐invasive monitoring of cardiac output whose ease of use, continuous data acquisition and versatility suggest it may have a role to play in the care of patients in our EDs.
Acute coronary syndrome mimicked by acute cholecystitis
Authors: Aksay Ersin , Ersel Murat , Kiyan Selahattin , Musalar Ekrem , Gungor Hasan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVarious aetiologies have been reported that cause severe trauma segment and T‐wave abnormalities that are not related to acute coronary syndromes. However, the reports of transient ECG abnormalities associated with acute cholecystitis are limited in the literature. We describe a 42‐year‐old man presented with abdominal pain and hypertensive episode that developed dynamic ECG changes mimicking acute coronary syndrome and was diagnosed acute cholecystitis eventually. Emergency physicians should keep in mind dynamic T‐wave changes mimicking acute myocardial ischaemia in patients with acute cholecystitis.
Lumbosacral plexopathy due to a rupture of a common Iliac artery aneurysm
Authors: Bushby Nathan , Wickramasinghe Seneviratne Yapage Buddhimth Thavanga , Wickramasinghe Daishini Nayomi Sagarika 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report a case of lumbosacral plexopathy caused by the rupture of a common iliac artery aneurysm. The patient presented with sciatic type symptoms of lower back pain radiating to his left leg with associated numbness and weakness in the L4–S1 distribution. He also had reduced anorectal tone. A CT scan showed a large haematoma in the left side of the pelvis from a ruptured 8 cm common iliac artery aneurysm. Sciatica is commonly due to a prolapsed intervertebral disc, although spinal canal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, piriformis syndrome and spinal tumours and other causes need to be considered. This case serves to increase the awareness of the possibility of another uncommon cause, especially when additional atypical neurological symptoms exist.
The Mansholt Plan Forty Years On Le plan Mansholt quarante ans après Der Mansholt‐Plan vierzig Jahre später
Authors: Stead David R. 
Published: September 2010

summaryThe Mansholt Plan Forty Years OnForty years ago, Europe's Agricultural Commissioner Sicco Mansholt headed a unique attempt to transform the rural economy of the then six‐member European Economic Community The Commission published a provocative memorandum proposing broad policies to accelerate structural change in agriculture, including providing financial incentives to encourage about half of the farming population to leave the sector, with five million hectares of land targeted to be removed from production. Unsurprisingly, the‘Mansholt Plan’produced passionate protests, and the three Directives eventually adopted were far less ambitious in scope and financial commitment than the original proposals. The fate of the Mansholt Plan is a classic example of the difficulties faced in overcoming the status quo bias of agricultural policy even with the shock tactics then employed by the Commission. Juxtaposing the plan with today's policy environment highlights the dramatic changes that have occurred in the agricultural sector, and the re‐orientation of the CAP The counterfactual scenario of wholesale implementation of the 1968 memorandum programme would, in hindsight, have almost certainly featured repercussions and recriminations exacerbating the problems of European integration. Hence the case study of the Mansholt Plan also looks like a cautionary tale against introducing‘big bang’policy reform in the future.
Categorizing Groups, Categorizing States: Theorizing Minority Rights in a World of Deep Diversity
Authors: Kymlicka Will 
Published: September 2010

Since 1989 we have witnessed a proliferation of efforts to develop international norms of the rights of ethnocultural minorities, such as the UN's 1992 Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, the Council of Europe's 1995 Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, and the Organization of American States' 1997 draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. This activity at the level of international law is reflected in a comparable explosion of interest in minority rights among normative political theorists.In this context, Michael Walzer's work occupies an important but somewhat anomalous role. On the one hand, he was arguably the first political theorist, at least in the postwar era, to take seriously the issue of minority rights. Nonetheless, Walzer's work has had surprisingly little enduring impact on multiculturalism debates in either academic political theory or international law.One explanation for this puzzle is that Walzer's substantive discussion of minority rights seems to sit uneasily with his more foundational theory of justice, laid out in Spheres of Justice. I want to suggest a distinct (but complementary) explanation for why Walzer's work has not permeated the debate, focusing less on metaethical worries about his account of common meanings, and more on the practicalities of how he categorizes ethnic diversity. Walzer's state-differentiated but minority-undifferentiated approach simply does not connect to the governing premises of the larger academic and public debate, which treat minorities as differentiated and states as undifferentiated. I believe it is Walzer's idiosyncratic approach to categorization—more than his controversial theory of justice-as-common-meanings—which explains his relatively marginal role in the multiculturalism debate.
Recent Approaches to Confucian Filial Morality
Authors: Sarkissian Hagop 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA hallmark of Confucian morality is its emphasis on duties to family and kin as weighty features of moral life. The virtue of ‘filiality’ or ‘filial piety’ (xiao), for example, is one of the most important in the Confucian canon. This aspect of Confucianism has been of renewed interest recently. On the one hand, some have claimed that, precisely because it acknowledges the importance of kin duties, Confucianism should be seen as an ethics rooted in human nature that remains a viable system of morality today. On the other hand, some have argued that the extreme emphasis on filial duties is precisely the aspect of Confucian moral philosophy that ought to be jettisoned in favor of greater impartialism; without mitigating its emphasis on filial piety, Confucianism risks irrelevance to modern concerns. In this study, I will outline the nature of filial morality in the Confucian tradition and discuss these recent contributions to the literature.
Debunking Arguments and the Genealogy of Religion and Morality
Authors: Mason Kelby 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDebunking arguments are an important species of undermining argument, in which facts about the origins of a judgement are used to explain away that judgement. There is a long history of debunking arguments in the domains of moral judgement and religious belief, from the early Christian fathers to Sigmund Freud and beyond. Debunking arguments work by offering a truth‐mooting genealogy of the judgement in question, where the truth of the judgement doesn’t play a role in generating the judgement, nor does the genealogy probabilify the judgement. Since debunking arguments work against judgements, we can only use them in the domains of morality and religion if we assume cognitivism for those domains. There may be, however, analogous dialectic moves if we instead assume non‐cognitivism.
Centenary Perspectives on Austin Farrer: A Review Article
Authors: MacSwain Robert 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAustin Farrer (1904–1968) is a genuine conundrum. On one hand, he is commonly hailed as one of the most brilliant and original British thinkers of the previous century. On the other hand, his work is almost entirely neglected by contemporary scholars and students. However, his centenary year of 2004 saw a renewed interest in exploring and appropriating various aspects of his rich intellectual legacy. This review article surveys these centenary perspectives on Austin Farrer with a focus on their philosophical significance, in particular for the philosophy of religion and philosophical theology.
The School Air-Raid Shelter: Rethinking Wartime Pedagogies
Authors: Hussey Stephen 
Published: September 2010

At the outbreak of World War II on the 3rd of September 1939, the British government feared that Britain's cities would soon be targeted by the German Luftwaffe, and within three days in early September it enacted a mass evacuation scheme that had been prepared the year before. That scheme entailed a huge movement of population, relocating 1.5 million of Britain's city children, their teachers, mothers with preschool children, and pregnant women from their homes to the safety of small towns and villages in designated “reception” areas. Evacuation would empty the threatened inner cities of the most vulnerable, keeping them safe from civilian bombing.That plan would have a swift, total, and lasting impact on formal school education. Indeed, in April 1939 a circular from the Board of Education had stated unequivocally that in the evacuated areas “schools will be closed for the whole period during which the emergency may continue….” Reception areas would house and school city children for as long as any aerial threat remained. In practice, however, the course taken by the war in its earliest stages mitigated against the evacuation's effectiveness. Crucially, and despite regular false alarms, the first months of war proved quiet on the home front. Few enemy planes materialized, and the public perception of their threat began to weaken. As a consequence, the intervening months of the conflict came quickly to be known as the “phoney war.” While this proved a relief, not least because it allowed time for the building of what had up to then been poorly prepared civilian air-raid precautions, its impact upon the mass evacuation scheme of September 1939 was damaging. Despite the efforts of government to “talk-up” the success of evacuation and its benefits for children and the hard work of teachers and the evacuation authorities in trying to keep children in the reception areas, cracks began to appear in the planning as many children soon began to trickle back. The phoney war, homesickness, and growing reports of a mixed welcome and treatment received by evacuees persuaded many parents that they wanted their children back. By January 1940 nearly half of all evacuee schoolchildren had returned home. In some cities the picture was even worse. London, for example, had just 34 percent of its evacuee children remaining in reception areas, while in the cities of Sheffield and Coventry, both heavily bombed in the coming months, the figure stood at less than 10 percent. German raids and heavy bombing on British cities finally commenced during the summer of 1940.
“The New Generation”: Mental Hygiene and the Portrayals of Children by the National Film Board of Canada, 1946–1967
Authors: Low Brian J. 
Published: September 2010

That is the achievement of the psychologists. In our own society they are very kind, and do everything for our own good. The tales of what they do elsewhere are rather terrifying.—Hilda NeatbySo Little for the Mind (1953)Documenting the impact of the mental hygiene movement has been problematical for historians. The hygienists operated in the realm of mass psychology and social relations, within the “mentalities” of children—particularly of the postwar generation—who have left little observable evidence of changing social attitudes and relationships resulting from changes to mass child-rearing and schooling practices. The influence of the movement upon parenting literature and curricular documents may be readily observed in postwar baby books, magazines, newspapers, radio scripts, and films, as well as in the changing language of educational theorists and practitioners. But as to seeing the actual effects of this material upon any society, documentary evidence has remained elusive.
Joseph Kinmont Hart and Vanderbilt University: Academic Freedom and the Rise and Fall of a Department of Education, 1930–1934
Authors: Boyles Deron R. 
Published: September 2010

No one can follow the history of academic freedom … without wondering at the fact that any society, interested in the immediate goals of solidarity and self-preservation, should possess the vision to subsidize free criticism and inquiry, and without feeling that the academic freedom we still possess is one of the remarkable achievements of man. At the same time…one cannot but be disheartened by the cowardice and self-deception that frail men use who want to be both safe and free.Discussions of academic freedom inevitably elicit revolutionary and conservative forces concurrendy. This conflict is apparent, for example, in the 1916 report of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP). On one hand, the university is an “inviolable refuge” from various tyrannies, including the “tyranny of public opinion.” Here, professors are part of a revolutionary “intellectual experiment…where new ideas may germinate and where their fruit, though … [possibly] distasteful to the community as a whole, may be allowed to ripen.…” Accordingly, no professor “can be a successful teacher unless he [sic] enjoys the respect of his students, and their confidence in his intellectual integrity. It is clear, however, that this confidence will be impaired if there is suspicion on the part of the student that the teacher is not expressing himself fully or frankly, or that college and university teachers are in general a repressed and intimidated class who dare not speak with that candor and courage which youth always demands in those whom it is to esteem.” On the other hand, the liberty of the scholar “is conditioned by there being conclusions gained by a scholar's method and held in a scholar's spirit; that is to say, they must be the fruits of competent and patient and sincere inquiry, and they should be set forth with dignity, courtesy, and temperateness of language.” How to rectify the apparent contradiction between expressing oneself “fully” and “frankly” while at the same time being “temperate” in language is, perhaps, a key feature in the long history of, and the various debates about, academic freedom.
One-Third of a Campus: Ruth Crawford Mitchell and Second-Generation Americans at the University of Pittsburgh
Authors: Wechsler Harold S. 
Published: September 2010

It was confusing to him. He was in a world which had a set of rules all its own. He knew the other rules—the rules of his own world. But these were different. Men actually lived their four years away at the University, and sent children after them. It was a wild, improbable thing to have fallen into, and the day student looked at his fellows, could distinguish them no differences among them at first, and felt lost. His evenings were spent in the company of old friends and in the old places; his days at the college. And he plunged from past to present; present to past. They told him about loyalty, and he went home to think about it. But at home it became dim and unreal. Then he went back, the next morning, and they told him of loyalty again, of the mighty traditions. If he took it to heart he could only do so above the sickening realization that at four o'clock he must be on Trolley 13 again. And it was hard to take the traditions over the river.Samuel Lipschutz, B.A.University of Pennsylvania, 1929Many of our alumni and some of our students, supported by more than a few of our faculty and corporation, have seriously queried whether or no Brown, in common with other institutions located in a like environment, has in her student body too large a proportion of socially undesirable students. We are most emphatically not concerned with Jew-baiting. I am proud to say that race and creed are still not valid causes for concern in the liberal community founded by Roger Williams. But some of us are worried by the influx of alien blood into what was not so long ago a homogeneous group of students prevailingly Baptist and Anglo-Saxon. Says one alumnus, “A certain type of student is far below the standard we should like to see. I refer to those called carpet-baggers! They live in or near Providence, arrive at the University in the morning in time for their first class, park themselves, their books, and their lunch in the Union, leave the college the minute their last class is over, take no part in college life, absorb all they can, give back nothing of benefit, and probably will prove no credit to the University as alumni.” Surely some of you have heard the same tale.—Kenneth O. MasonDean of Freshmen, Brown University, 1927Were colleges obliged to address the dilemmas faced by the many firstand second-generation Americans who enrolled after World War I? No, replied many administrators who espoused exclusion or assimilation, or who expressed indifference. These attitudes meant that many students would never learn to navigate the turbulent waters of campus social life. Dropout rates were significant even before the Great Crash created insurmountable financial difficulties for numerous undergraduates. The testimony of peers who remained suggested that success often came despite institutional hostility.