bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Lewy body pathology in 12‐ and 16‐year‐old intrastriatal mesencephalic grafts surviving in a patient with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Li Jia‐Yi , Englund Elisabet , Widner Håkan , Rehncrona Stig , Björklund Anders , Lindvall Olle , Brundin Patrik 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe previously reported the occurrence of Lewy bodies in grafted human fetal mesencephalic neurons in two patients with Parkinson's disease. Here, we have used immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to characterize the development of Lewy bodies in one of these cases. This patient was operated in putamen on both sides at 12 or 16 years before death, respectively. We demonstrate that 2% of the 12‐year‐old and 5% of the 16‐year‐old grafted, presumed dopaminergic neurons contained Lewy bodies immunoreactive for α‐synuclein. Based on morphological analysis, two forms of α‐synuclein‐positive aggregates were distinguished in the grafts, the first a classical and compact Lewy body, the other a loose meshwork aggregate. Lewy bodies in the grafts stained positively for ubiquitin and thioflavin‐S, and contained characteristic α‐synuclein immunoreactive electron dense fibrillar structures on electron microscopy. Our data indicate that Lewy bodies develop gradually in transplanted dopaminergic neurons in a fashion similar to that in dopaminergic neurons in the host substantia nigra. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
GLP‐1‐Mimetika in klinischen Studien. Therapie durch Aktivierung des GLP‐1‐Rezeptors
Authors: Ritzel Robert A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractInnovative Diabetesmedikamente müssen für die Patienten neben einer guten Kontrolle des Glucosestoffwechsels weitere Vorteile bereithalten. Die Krankheitsprogression sollte verlangsamt werden und langfristig sollte auch eine Reduktion diabetischer Komplikationen, kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse und der Mortalität resultieren. GLP‐1‐Mimetika sind genau mit diesem Anspruch angetreten und werden in den nächsten Jahren daran gemessen werden.
Antikörper statt Insulin?
Authors: Anders S. , Kühnemund L. , Stauch M. , Zündorf I. , Dingermann T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDer Typ‐1‐Diabetes ist durch eine selektive und irreversible Destruktion der Insulin produzierenden Betazellen des Pankreas durch autoaggressive T‐Lymphozyten charakterisiert. Außerdem finden sich im Serum von betroffenen Individuen Autoantikörper gegen verschiedene Inselzellantigene.
The Natural History of Anencephaly
Authors: Obeidi Nidaa , Russell Noirin , Higgins John R , O'Donoghue Keelin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveEarly elective termination of pregnancy is the most common outcome of a diagnosis of anencephaly in developed countries. Experience and expertise with management of ongoing pregnancies is limited. We aimed to investigate the natural history of these pregnancies from diagnosis to delivery and to determine timing of death.MethodA retrospective review of cases of anencephaly diagnosed between 2003 and 2009 in tertiary‐referral university teaching hospitals in Cork.ResultsThe majority of cases (25/26; 96%) were diagnosed prenatally at a median gestation of 21+2 weeks (range 13+4–32+4). The median maternal age was 30 years (range 17–41) and 50% were primigravidae. Seven pregnancies were complicated by polyhydramnios and four deliveries were complicated by shoulder dystocia. The median gestation at delivery was 35 weeks (range 22+5–42+6); 69% of labours were induced at a median gestation of 34 weeks. Six women (6/26; 23%) had a pre‐labour intrauterine fetal death and nine women (9/26; 35%) had an intrapartum fetal death. Median neonatal survival time was 55 min (range 10 min to 8 days). Six parents donated neonatal organs for transplantation.ConclusionThis study provides useful information for health professionals caring for patients with a diagnosis of anencephaly. The majority of these infants die prior to delivery but short‐term survival is possible. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic dielectric analysis: Development of techniques for following the curing process of laminating polyester resins
Authors: Hoffman R. D. , Godfrey J. J. , Ehrig R. J. , Kranbuehl D. E. , Weller L. , Hoff M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDDA measurements made over a wide frequency range with a novel sensor are used to determine the onset of reaction, variation in viscosity, onset of gel, and reaction completion in a series of peroxide‐initiated unsaturated polyester resins diluted in styrene monomer. The dielectric measurements provide detailed insights into (he the cure process not available by conventional thermographic techniques.
Is home spirometry useful in diagnosing asthma in children with nonspecific respiratory symptoms?
Authors: Brouwer Alwin F.J. , Visser Chantal A.N. , Duiverman Eric J. , Roorda Ruurd Jan , Brand Paul L.P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundVariation of lung function is considered to be a hallmark of asthma. Although guidelines recommend measuring it as a diagnostic tool for asthma, the usefulness of this approach has not been studied in children.AimTo assess the usefulness of home spirometry in children with nonspecific lower respiratory tract symptoms, to diagnose or exclude asthma.MethodsIn school‐aged children, referred by their general practitioner because of chronic respiratory symptoms of unknown origin, the diagnosis of asthma was made or excluded by a pediatric pulmonologist (gold standard), based on international guidelines and a standardized protocol. Additionally, children measured peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory flow in 1 sec (FEV1) twice daily for 2 weeks on a home spirometer, from which diurnal variation was calculated. These results (index test) were not revealed to the pediatric pulmonologist. The value of home spirometry to diagnose asthma was calculated.ResultsSixty‐one children (27 boys) were included (mean age: 10.4 years; range: 6–16 years). Between asthma and no asthma, the mean difference in PEF variation was 4.4% (95% CI: 0.9–7.9; P = 0.016) and in FEV1 variation 4.5% (95% CI: 1.6–7.4; P = 0.003). Sensitivity and specificity, based on the 95th‐centile of the reference values for PEF and FEV1 variation (12.3% and 11.8%, respectively) were 50% and 72% for PEF variation and 45% and 92% for FEV1 variation. The likelihood ratio was 1.8 for PEF and 5.6 for FEV1.ConclusionsThe contribution of home spirometry in the diagnostic process for asthma in schoolchildren with nonspecific respiratory symptoms is limited. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:326–332. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A synergistic approach to protein crystallization: Combination of a fixed‐arm carrier with surface entropy reduction
Authors: Moon Andrea F. , Mueller Geoffrey A. , Zhong Xuejun , Pedersen Lars C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractProtein crystallographers are often confronted with recalcitrant proteins not readily crystallizable, or which crystallize in problematic forms. A variety of techniques have been used to surmount such obstacles: crystallization using carrier proteins or antibody complexes, chemical modification, surface entropy reduction, proteolytic digestion, and additive screening. Here we present a synergistic approach for successful crystallization of proteins that do not form diffraction quality crystals using conventional methods. This approach combines favorable aspects of carrier‐driven crystallization with surface entropy reduction. We have generated a series of maltose binding protein (MBP) fusion constructs containing different surface mutations designed to reduce surface entropy and encourage crystal lattice formation. The MBP advantageously increases protein expression and solubility, and provides a streamlined purification protocol. Using this technique, we have successfully solved the structures of three unrelated proteins that were previously unattainable. This crystallization technique represents a valuable rescue strategy for protein structure solution when conventional methods fail.
Urea denatured state ensembles contain extensive secondary structure that is increased in hydrophobic proteins
Authors: Nick Pace C. , Huyghues‐Despointes Beatrice M. P. , Fu Hailong , Takano Kazufumi , Scholtz J. Martin , Grimsley Gerald R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe goal of this article is to gain a better understanding of the denatured state ensemble (DSE) of proteins through an experimental and computational study of their denaturation by urea. Proteins unfold to different extents in urea and the most hydrophobic proteins have the most compact DSE and contain almost as much secondary structure as folded proteins. Proteins that unfold to the greatest extent near pH 7 still contain substantial amounts of secondary structure. At low pH, the DSE expands due to charge–charge interactions and when the net charge per residue is high, most of the secondary structure is disrupted. The proteins in the DSE appear to contain substantial amounts of polyproline II conformation at high urea concentrations. In all cases considered, including staph nuclease, the extent of unfolding by urea can be accounted for using the data and approach developed in the laboratory of Wayne Bolen (Auton et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci 2007; 104:15317–15323).
Improving the built‐in potential of p‐i‐n amorphous silicon solar cells
Authors: Caputo D. , de Cesare G. , Tucci M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn order to increase the built‐in voltage of hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells, in this work we exploit the use of very thin (<5 nm) high conductivity layers at the interfaces between the electrodes and the doped regions of an amorphous silicon n‐i‐p stacked structure. The idea starts from results of experiments showing that very thin chromium silicide layers, formed at room temperature after evaporation of chromium on amorphous silicon doped films, are able to reduce the activation energy to few meV in both kind of doped layers. The detailed structure of the proposed device is: glass substrate/bottom electrode/chromium silicide/n‐type‐intrinsic‐p‐type amorphous silicon layers/chromium silicide/top electrode. Simulation results obtained by a numerical device description and measurements of the current‐voltage characteristic under AM1.5G illumination condition, together with quantum efficiency curve, demonstrate the built‐in potential enhancement of the proposed solar cell structure with respect to identical structure without any chromium silicide layer. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic memory effect in a crystalline silicon/polyether heterostructure
Authors: Neitzert H.‐C. , Concilio S. , Iannelli P. , Vacca P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOrganic/inorganic heterojunctions have been fabricated by spin‐coating of an oxadiazole based polyether on top of either n‐type or p‐type crystalline silicon substrates. The prepared heterodiodes showed good rectification. During current‐voltage measurements sharp current switching effects have been observed in the reverse bias characteristics for both types of heterodiodes. In particular a very stable hysteresis in the reverse characteristics of the polyether/n‐type crystalline silicon has been measured at applied voltages below 1V. The application of this heterodiode as electrical memory with an on/off‐ratio of about 2 orders of magnitude has been demonstrated (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Amorphous silicon thin‐film solar cells deposited on flexible substrates using different zinc oxide layers
Authors: Alpuim P. , Samantilleke A. , Marins E. , Oliveira F. , Cerqueira M. F. , Rebouta L. , Stefanov S. , Chiussi S. , Serra C. , Bourée J.E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn order to improve the transparent contact layer in amorphous silicon solar cells fabricated on low‐temperature plastic substrates, Al and Ga doped ZnO films were deposited at room temperature on plastic and glass and their optical, electronic and structural properties were correlated and optimized. Aiming to explore light trapping effects, plastic substrates were laser textured and their haze and total transmittance and reflectance were compared with those of untextured substrates. Although the haze increased dramatically, from 1.7 to 78.9%, the total transmittance of PET coated with ZnO:Ga decreased from 83.9%, in the untextured substrate, to 58.5% in the textured PET. The haze in reflected light of PET coated with Al increased from 4.3% to 66.2% after texturing but the total reflectance decreased from 70.1% to 36.8%. Therefore the untextured substrates were used in the solar cells. a‐Si:H solar cells were deposited at a substrate temperature of 150°C on plastic, in the superstrate p‐i‐n configuration, and on stainless steel, in the substrate n‐i‐p configuration. The efficiency is ∼5% in both types of devices, limited by low Jsc and low fill factor. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Defects and structure of µc‐SiOx:H deposited by PECVD
Authors: Xiao Lihong , Astakhov Oleksandr , Carius Reinhard , Lambertz Andreas , Grundler Thomas , Finger Friedhelm 
Published: March 2010

AbstractElectronic transport and paramagnetic defects detected by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) in both intrinsic and <n>‐type silicon oxide prepared by PECVD were investigated. The structure and alloy composition of the material were varied all the way from microcrystalline silicon (µc‐Si:H) to amorphous silicon oxide (a‐SiOX:H). The transition‐phase‐mixture material is called “microcrystalline silicon oxide” (µc‐SiOX:H). In undoped samples we find a strong reduction of the dark conductivity from 10‐3to 10‐12 S/cm and an increase of the spin density from1017 to 3×1019 cm‐3 as the crystallinity decreases from 80% to 0%. The variation of the dark conductivity in phosphorous doped samples was even higher from 101 to 10‐12 S/cm. ESR spectra of intrinsic material consist of a single featureless line with g‐values in the range of 2.0043…2.005 depending on the structure and alloying. The spectra of <n>‐type material exhibit a broader range of g‐values of 1.998…2.0043 due to strong variations of the Fermi level over the entire crystallinity range. The results are discussed within the frame of current understanding of µc‐SiOX:H as a phase mixture of µc‐Si:H crystallites embedded in a‐SiOX:H matrix (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Paramagnetic states in µc‐SiC:H thin films prepared by Hot‐Wire CVD at low temperatures
Authors: Xiao Lihong , Astakhov Oleksandr , Carius Reinhard , Chen Tao , Wang Haiyan , Stutzmann Martin , Finger Friedhelm 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe relationship between the structure, electrical conductivity and paramagnetic states in microcrystalline hydrogenated silicon carbide (µc‐SiC:H) prepared by HWCVD is investigated. The study includes undoped and Al‐doped (p ‐type) µc‐SiC:H of different crystalline volume fraction (ICIR). High densities of paramagnetic states are observed in undoped material over a wide range of crystallinity whereas the conductivity increases by 10 orders of magnitude up to 10‐2 S/cm as the material becomes more crystalline. This dramatic increase of the conductivity attributed to unintentional n ‐type doping has a clear effect on the ESR spectrum which changes from a broad featureless resonance in the low crystallinity material to a sharp line with a pair of distinct satellites in highly crystalline n ‐type µc‐SiC:H. Al‐doping results in compensation and then effective p ‐type doping in µc‐SiC:H at higher doping concentration. Al‐doping seems to hinder the crystalline growth in p ‐type µc‐SiC:H. For ICIR ≤ 20% the spin resonance signature is a broad (peak‐to‐peak linewidth ΔHpp ≈ 30 G) featureless slightly asymmetric line at g ≈ 2.01. The nature and behavior of the ESR spectra in different types of µc‐SiC:H are investigated with respect to the Fermi level position and crystalline volume fraction (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Resistivity control of ZnO nanowires by Al doping
Authors: Zimmermann Gregor , Lange Martin , Cao Bingqiang , Lorenz Michael , Grundmann Marius 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe resistivity of ZnO nanowires grown by pulsed laser deposition is found to decrease by more than two orders of magnitude to 10–1 Ω cm upon doping with aluminum in the 0.6 at% range. The growth morphology of the straight nanowires with hexagonal cross‐section and small tapering angle, typically below 0.5°, is similar for doped and undoped nanowires. Ohmic contacts to single nanowires were prepared by electron‐beam lithography. For a set of nanowires (diameter: 110–260 nm, length: 0.6–8 μm), the resistivity is found to be independent of length and diameter. This confirms the homogeneous electrical properties of the ZnO:Al nanowires in the given size regime. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The nature and magnitude of specific halogen bonds between iodo‐perfluorobenzene and heterocyclic systems
Authors: Lu Junming , Zhang Bo , Deng Qingming , Wang Jinan , Lu Yunxiang , Zhu Weiliang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this work, first‐principle calculations at different levels of theory have been carried out to investigate a series of complexes formed between iodo‐perfluorobenzene and several heteroatomic rings. Such model systems are selected to mimic halogen bonding interactions experimentally found within supramolecular architectures. In all cases, the predicted intermolecular distances are significantly shorter than the sums of van der Waals radii of I and N (O or S) atoms and the interactions appear to be highly directional. Halogen bonding energies, calculated at the MP2/lan12dz level, are substantial, ranging from −2.50 to −7.53 kcal/mol. Given the strength as well as the directionality comparable to hydrogen bonds, these synthons should be of general use in many fields of chemistry. Finally, to gain more insights into the nature of such interactions, we have used the natural bond orbital and atoms in molecules analyses on the studied systems, which show a considerable magnitude of charge transfer, significant orbital interaction, and distinct bond critical points between the two interacting atoms. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Theoretical study on the interaction of neutral and charged Tin (n = 1–7) clusters with one oxygen molecule
Authors: Cao Lu‐Jie , Ai Hong‐Qi , Zheng Li‐Ming , Wang Su‐Na , Zhou Mei‐Juan , Liu Ji‐Feng , Zhang Chong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe interactions between the neutral and charged (−2, −1, +1, and +2) Tin (n = 1–7) clusters and one O2 molecule were investigated by density functional theory. The calculated results show that the oxygen molecule is dissociative on the neutral Tin clusters. Geometrically, the two O atoms are distributed at the two sides across the neutral Tin cluster for n = 1–4 and the oxygen atom favors the three‐fold hollow site for n = 5, 6, and 7. The binding energy per atom (Eb) and energy gap (Egap) show higher stability and lower chemical activity of the neutral TinO2 (n = 1–7) systems compared with the corresponding Tin clusters. The adsorption energies (Ead) exhibit a continuously ascending tendency except for n = 4. The results of the addition of different charges (−2, −1, +1, and +2) on the most stable neutral TinO2 (n = 1–7) systems indicate that their geometries are usually perturbed. The stabilities of the neutral TinO2 systems are enhanced by adding one negative charge. The strongest interaction of the charged Tin clusters (−2, −1, +1, and +2) with O2 molecule is found at charge +2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Systematic investigation of ion suppression and enhancement effects of fourteen stable‐isotope‐labeled internal standards by their native analogues using atmospheric‐pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization and the relevance for multi‐analyte liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric procedures
Authors: Remane Daniela , Wissenbach Dirk K. , Meyer Markus R. , Maurer Hans H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn clinical and forensic toxicology, multi‐analyte procedures are very useful to quantify drugs and poisons of different classes in one run. For liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) multi‐analyte procedures, often only a limited number of stable‐isotope‐labeled internal standards (SIL‐ISs) are available. If an SIL‐IS is used for quantification of other analytes, it must be excluded that the co‐eluting native analyte influences its ionization. Therefore, the effect of ion suppression and enhancement of fourteen SIL‐ISs caused by their native analogues has been studied. It could be shown that the native analyte concentration influenced the extent of ion suppression and enhancement effects leading to more suppression with increasing analyte concentration especially when electrospray ionization (ESI) was used. Using atmospheric‐pressure chemical ionization (APCI), methanolic solution showed mainly enhancement effects, whereas no ion suppression and enhancement effect, with one exception, occurred when plasma extracts were used under these conditions. Such differences were not observed using ESI. With ESI, eleven SIL‐ISs showed relevant suppression effects, but only one analyte showed suppression effects when APCI was used. The presented study showed that ion suppression and enhancement tests using matrix‐based samples of different sources are essential for the selection of ISs, particularly if used for several analytes to avoid incorrect quantification. In conclusion, only SIL‐ISs should be selected for which no suppression and enhancement effects can be observed. If not enough ISs are free of ionization interferences, a different ionization technique should be considered. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lack of genotype effect on D1, D2 receptors and dopamine transporter binding in triple MOP‐, DOP‐, and KOP‐opioid receptor knockout mice of three different genetic backgrounds
Authors: Yoo Ji‐hoon , Bailey Alexis , Ansonoff Micheal , Pintar John E. , Matifas Audrey , Kieffer Brigitte L. , Kitchen Ian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe investigated D1, D2 receptors and dopamine transporter (DAT) binding levels in mice lacking all three opioid receptors and wild‐type (WT) mice on three different genetic backgrounds. Quantitative autoradiography was used to determine the level of radioligand binding to the D1 and D2 receptors and DAT labeled with [3H]SCH23390, [3H]raclopride, and [3H]mazindol, respectively in triple‐opioid receptor knockout (KO) and WT maintained on C57BL/6 (B6) and 129/SvEvTac (129) as well as C57BL/6 × 129/SvPas (B6 × 129) strains. No significant genotype effect was observed in D1, D2 receptors and DAT binding in any regions analyzed in any of the strains studied, suggesting that a lack of all three opioid receptors does not influence D1, D2 receptors and DAT expression, irrespective of their genetic strain background. However, strain differences were observed in D1 binding between the three strains of mice studied. Lower levels of D1 binding were observed in the substantia nigra of B6 × 129 WT mice compared with the 129 WT mice and in the olfactory tubercle of B6 × 129 WT compared with B6 WT and 129 WT mice. Lower levels of D1 binding were observed in the caudate putamen of B6 × 129 KO mice compared with 129 KO mice. In contrast, no significant strain differences were observed in D2 and DAT binding between the three strains of mice in any regions analyzed. Overall, these results indicate a lack of modulation of the dopaminergic system by the deletion of all three opioid receptors regardless of different background strains. Synapse 64:520–527, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.