bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of antibiotic therapy on the oral health of cystic fibrosis children
Authors: KINIRONS M. J. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. This study examined the relationship between antibiotic usage and plaque, gingivitis and dental caries experience in a group of children suffering from cystic fibrosis. Their scores for plaque, gingivitis and dental caries were compared with those of healthy control children who were individually matched on the basis of age, sex and social class. Significant negative relationships were noted between (i) antibiotic usage during the 4 weeks prior to examination and plaque and gingivitis scores, and (ii) antibiotic usage since the age of 6 years and DMFT. It is suggested that antibiotic therapy may be a major cause of the lower levels of dental disease observed in cystic fibrosis children.Résumé.La relation entre le traitement par antibiotiques et l'importance du nombre de caries, la quantité de plaque et le gingivite chez un groupe d'enfants souffrant de fibrose kystique a été étudiée. Les résultats en ce qui concerne la plaque, la gingivite et le nombre de caries ont été comparés avec ceux d'un groupe d'enfants normaux de méme age, sexe et groupe social, enfant par enfant. Une relation significative négative a été trouvée entre a) le traitement par antibiotiques pendant les quatre semaines précédants l'examen, la quantité de plaque et la gingivite et b) le traitement par antibiotiques depuis l'age de six ans et l'indice CAO. Les résultats montreraient que le traitement par antibiotiques est une cause importante du faible niveau de maladies dentaires chez les enfants souffrant de fibrose kystique.Zusammenfassung.Diese Studie prüfte die Beziehung zwischen der Anwendung von Antibiotika, der Plaque, Gingivitis und Kariesanfälligkeit bei einer Gruppe von Kindern mit Cystic‐Fibrosis. Diese Werte wurden verglichen mit denjenigen von gesunden Kindern gleichen Alters, Geschlecht und sozialer Abstammung. Aus den ermittelten Resultaten kann geschlossen wérden, dass eine Antibiotikatherapie die Hauptursache eines niedrigen Stands von Zahnerkrankungen bei Kindern mit Cystic‐Fibrosis ist.Resumen.Este estudio examina la relación entre el uso de antibióticos y placa, gingivitis y caries al compararse con los de niños sanos apareados en base a edad, sexo y clase social. Significativas relaciones negativas fueron observadas entre a) el uso de antibióticos durante las 4 semanas antes del examen y placa y gingivitis; b) uso de antibióticos desde los 6 años de edad y CPOD (DMFT). Se sugiere que la terapia antibiótica puede ser la causa principal del mas bajo nivel de enfermedades bucales observadas en niños con fibrosis quística.
Observations on the use of rectally administered diazepam for sedating children before treatment of maxillofacial injuries: report of nine cases
Authors: LOWEY M. N. , HALFPENNY W. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. The use of diazepam in solution, administered per rectum, as an adjunct to treatment of paediatric maxillofacial injuries, has not been previously reported. Its use in a series of nine cases is described. The authors recommend this route of administration as an alternative form of management in the treatment of maxillofacial injuries in anxious children.Résumé.l'utilisation de Diazépam, par voie rectale, chez des enfants souffrant de traumatismes maxillo‐faciaux, n'a jamais été rapportée. Neuf cas traités, sous Diazépam, sont décrits.Les auteurs recommandent cette utilisation, chez les enfants anxieux, pour le traitement des traumatismes maxillo‐faciaux.Zusammenfassung.Dizepam in Lösung rectal verabreicht wurde bei pädiatrischen maxillofazialen Traumata angewendet. Eine bisher nicht publizierte Methode 9 Fälle werden beschrieben. Der Autor empfiehlt diese Methode als alternative Form um bei ängstlichen Kindern solche Unfälle zu behandeln.Resumen.Se describe el uso de diazepam en solución, administrado rectalmente, y como coadyuvante al tratamiento de traumatismos maxilofaciales en niños. Su uso se describe en nueve niños. Los autores recomiendan esta ruta de administración como una alternativa en el manejo del comportamiento en niños ansiosos con traumatismos maxilofaciales.We would like to thank Mr K. R. Ray, Consultant in Oral Surgery, for his invaluable assistance in the preparation of this paper, and Dr P. D. Farugia and Mr S. M. Soysa, Consultants in the Accident and Emergency Department, for their advice and support. We would also like to thank Mr S. Grogan of CP Pharmaceuticals for forwarding information used in the preparation of this paper.
Clinical evaluation of a light‐cured glass ionomer lining cement
Authors: KIMURA M. , MAKI K. , NISHIDA I. , BRAHAM R. L. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. This study was a clinical evaluation of a light‐cured glass ionomer lining material (Fuji Lining LC) applied to prepared cavities in 45 primary teeth of children aged 3–5 years. The overall assessment, based on clinical and radiographic findings, was ‘good’ in 42 cases and ‘fair’ in the other three cases. The material had no effect on the shade of the composite resin restorative material that was used. The findings indicate that Fuji Lining LC has significant value in clinical practice.Résumé.Cette étude a porté sur l'évaluation clinique d'un matériau d'obturation verre‐ionomère photo‐polymérisable (Fuji lining LC) dans les cavités taillées dans 45 dents temporaries d'enfants âgés de trois à cinq ans. Les résultats, basés sur les renseignements cliniques et radiographiques, étaient bons dans 42 cas et moyens pour les trois autres cas. Le matériau n'avait pas eu d'influence sur la teinte de la restauration par composite. Les résultats montrent que le Fuji liner est intéressant en utilisation clinique.Zusammenfassung.Diese Studie befasst sich mit der klinischen Beurteilung des lichthärtenden Unterfül‐lungsmatriales ‘Fuji Lining’ LC, Es wurde angewendet für 45 Milchzahnkavitäten bei 3–5 jährigen Kinderen. Eine allgemeine Bewertung begründet auf klinisch und radiologische Befunde, war gut in 42 Fällen, genügend in den restlichen 3 Fällen. Das Material hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Farbe des benutzen Kompositmatriales. Diese Resultate beweisen dass Fuji‐Lining signifikanten klinischen Wert hat.Resumen.Este estudio clínico evaluó un ionómero de vidrio fotopolimerizable para recubrimiento de cavidades (Fuji Lining LC) aplicado en preparaciones de 45 dientes temporales de niños de 3–5 años de edad. Le evaluación, basada en exámenes clínicos y radio‐gráficos, fueron ‘buenos’ en 42 casos y ‘regulares’ en los otros tres casos. El material no tuvo ningun efecto sobre el color de la resina composite utilizado como material restaurador. Los hallazgos muestran que el Fuji Lining LC tiene un significative valor clínico.
Combined surgical and orthodontic treatment of bilaterial double teeth: a case report
Authors: PEARSON A. I. , WILLMOT D. R. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. A case of bilateral ‘double teeth’ is described. The patient, aged 8 at initial presentation, was unhappy with the appearance of his two abnormally large upper central incisor teeth. Endodontic treatment was carried out on both teeth followed by surgical splitting and the removal of half of each so as to leave two reasonably‐shaped central incisors. Comprehensive orthodontic treatment was then carried out to align the teeth and reduce the overjet, following which the central incisors exhibited no increased mobility or any periodontal problems.Résumé.Traitement chirurgical et orthodontique de dents géminées bilatérales: étude d'un casUn cas de dents bigéminées bilatérales est décrit. Le patient âgé de huit ans, lors de la première consultation, se plaignait de l'aspect de ses deux incisives centrales supérieures, anormalement larges. Un traitement endodontique a été réalisé suivi d'une suppression chirurgicale de la moitié de chaque incisive pour obtenir un aspect normal. Un traitement orthodontique a permis l'alignement des dents et la suppression de l'overjet. Les incisives ne montraient aucune mobilité accrue, ni problémes paradontaux après ces traitements.Zusammenfassung.Eine kombinierte chirurgische und orthodontische Behandlungsmethode von bilateralen Doppelzähnen: Ein FallreportEin Fall von bilateralen Doppelzähnen wird beschrieben. Ein Patient 8 Jahre alt war unglücklich mit dem Aussehen seiner Zwei zentralen übergrossen Schneidezähnen. Eine Wurzelbehandlung an beiden Zähnen wurde durchgeführt, dann eine chirurgische Trennung und die Entfernung deren Hälften, so das 2 relativ normal grosse zentrale Schneidezähne übrig blieben. Anschliessend wurden mittels einer orthodontischen Behandlung die Zähne eingereiht, und der Overjet reduziert, mit dem Resultat das die behandelten Schneidezähne keinerlei erhönte Beweglichtkeit oder periodontale Propleme aufwiesen.Resumen.Tratamiento quirúrgico‐ortodóntico combinado en dientes dobles bilatérales: reporte de un casoSe describe un caso de ‘diente doble’. El paciente, de 8 años de edad durante el examen inicial, no estaba satisfecho con la apariencia de sus dos incisivos superiores anormalmente agrandados. Se realizó el tratamiento endodóntico en ambos dientes seguido por la remoción quirúrgica de la mitad de cada dienta para dejar en su lugar dos dientes de apariencia normal. Se realizó el tratamiento ortodóntico para alinear los dientes y reducir el overjet. Seguido el tratamiento, los incisivos no mostraron movilidad ni problemas periodontales.
Short root anomaly in a patient with severe short‐limbed dwarfism
Authors: SHAW L. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. A 17‐year‐old youth was referred complaining of missing mandibular incisors and mobile canine teeth. He was extremely short (99 cm), with shortening of both trunk and limbs. A radiological skeletal survey showed abnormal and unusual findings, and his teeth were found to have short, conical roots and obliterated pulp chambers. Despite extensive biochemical and endocrinological investigation, it was concluded that the findings were not consistent with any recognized skeletal dysplasia nor with any recognized syndrome affecting the oral and dental tissues.Résumé.Racines dentaires courtes chez un patient souffrant d'un nanisme sévére avec membres courtsUn adolescent de 17 ans, très petit (99 cm), avec tronc et membres courts, a été adressé en consultation pour absence des incisives mandibulaires et mobilité des canines. L'examen radiologique du squelette a montré des anomalies inhabituelles: les dents avaient des racines coniques et courtes et les chambres pulpaires étaient oblitérées. En dépit d'examens extensifs biochimiques et endocriniens, les résultats n'étaient pas cohérents avec des dysplasies squelettiques connues ou avec des syndromes connus affectant les tissus oraux et dentaires.Zusammenfassung.Eine Anomalle von kurzen Wurzein bei einem Fall von Dwarfism mit kurzen ExtremitätEin 17 Jahre alter Jüngling wurde überwiesen wegen fehlenden unterer Schneidezähne und bewegliche Eckzähne. Er war sehr klein (99 cm), mit sehr kurzem Leib und Extremitäten. Eine radiologische skelettale Untersuchung zeigte abnorme nichtübliche Befunde, seine Zähne hatten konische, kurze Wurzein und obliterite Pulpakammern. Trotz extensive, biochemische und end endokrinale Untersuchungen kam man zum Schluss, dass die Befunde in keinen Zusammenhang standen mit irgendeiner bekannten skelettalen Dysplasie oder bekannten Syndrom welche die oralen oder dentalen Gewebe befallen.Resumen.Anomalia de raíz corta en un paciente con enanismo severeo y dedos cortosUn joven de 17 años de edad fue referido por presentar ausencia de un incisivo mandibular y movilidad de un canino. El joven era muy bajo (99 cm). El estudio radiológico reveló que sus dientes tenian raíces cónicas y cortas y conductos obliterados. Una investigación bioquimica y endocrinológica concluyó que la condición no pareció consistir en ninguna displasia esquelética ni ningun sindrome dental u oral reconocido.
The use of a special mouthguard in the management of oral injury self‐inflicted by a 4‐year‐old child
Authors: ÇEHRELI ZAFER C. , ÖLMEZ SEVAL 
Published: August 2010

Summary. This paper describes the management of self‐inflicted trauma by a 4‐year‐old boy who was mentally retarded as a result of encephalitis in infancy. There was severe damage to his lower lip, as well as a moderate degree of injury to the skin and nail of his right thumb. Preliminary intervention was made with a mouthguard using silicone elastomeric positioner material, which soon proved ineffective because of poor retention. The problem was overcome succesfully through use of a special appliance in which a heat‐cured acrylic base was combined with a superstructure made of silicone positioner material retained mechanically with retention loops of 0.7 mm orthodontic wire.Resumé.Utilisation d'un protecteur buccal pour la prévention des auto‐mutilations chez un enfant de 4 ansCette étude décrit la prise en charge des auto‐mutilations chez un garçon de 4 ans, retardé mental à la suite d'une encéphalite dans la petite enfance. Les lésions étaient importantes à la lèvre inférieure et modérées sur la peau et l'ongle du pouce droit. La première intervention a été la confection d'un protecteur buccal à base de silicone élastomère, qui s'est révélé inefficace en raison de son manque de rétention. Le problème a été résolu par un appareil dont la base était en silicone polymérisé à la chaleur et la superstructure en silicone avec rétention par des crochets en forme de boucle, réalisés avec un fil d'orthodontie de 0.7 mm.Zusammenfassung.Die Anwendung eines besonderen Mundachutzes zur Vorhinderung einer Selbstvorletzung bei einen 4 Jahr alten KindDiese Arbeit beschreibt die Anwendung solch eines Gerätes bei einem 4 Jahr alten geistig behinderten Knaben in Folge einer Enzephalitis in der Kindheit. Man fand eine schwer geschädigte Unterlippe und leichtere Verletzungen der Haut und des Fingernagels des rechten Daumens. Zuerst versuchte man es mit einen Mundschutz aus einen Silikon‐Elastomere Material, welcher aber wegen mangelhafter Retention nicht wirksam war. Ein zweite Apparatur aus einer harten Kunststoffplatte kombiniert mit einenm Silikonmateriales und Retentionsklammern fÜhrte zum gewÜnschten Resultat.Resumen.Uso de un protector bucal especial en el manejo de traumatismos orales auto‐producidos por un niño de 4 años de edadSe describe el manejo de trauma auto‐producido por un niño de 4 años de edad con retardo mental debido a encefalitis producida durante la infancia. Hubo daño severo al labio inferior, así como moderado grado de injuria a la piel y uña del pulgar. La intervención preliminar se realizó con un protector bucal utilizando silicone elastomérica el cual no fue efectivo debido a la pobre retención. El problema fue resuelto utilizando un aparato especial en el que acrílico curado por calor se combinó con una superestructura hecha del material de silicona retenido mecánicamente con asas hechas con alambre ortodóntico de 0.7 mm.
Different but equal: the implausible assumption at the heart of neutral theory
Authors: Purves Drew W. , Turnbull Lindsay A. 
Published: August 2010

Summary 1. The core assumption of neutral theory is that all individuals in a community have equal fitness regardless of species, and regardless of the species composition of the community. But, real communities consist of species exhibiting large trait differences; hence these differences must be subject to perfect fitness‐equalizing trade‐offs for neutrality to hold. 2. Here we explain that perfect equalizing trade‐offs are extremely unlikely to occur in reality, because equality of fitness among species is destroyed by: (i) any deviation in the functional form of the trade‐off away from the one special form that gives equal fitness; (ii) spatial or temporal variation in performance; (iii) random species differences in performance. 3. In the absence of the density‐dependent processes stressed by traditional niche‐based community ecology, communities featuring small amounts of (i) or (ii) rapidly lose trait variation, becoming dominated by species with similar traits, and exhibit substantially lower species richness compared to the neutral case. Communities featuring random interspecific variation in traits (iii) lose all but a few fortuitous species. 4. Thus neutrality should be viewed, a priori, as a highly improbable explanation for the long‐term co‐occurrence of measurably different species within ecological communities. In contrast, coexistence via niche structure and density dependence, is robust to species differences in baseline fitness, and so remains plausible. 5. We conclude that: (i) co‐occurring species will typically exhibit substantial differences in baseline fitness even when (imperfect) equalizing trade‐offs have been taken into account; (ii) therefore, communities must be strongly niche structured, otherwise they would lose both trait variation and species richness; (iii) nonetheless, even in strongly niche‐structured communities, it is possible that the abundance of species with similar traits are at least partially free to drift.
Mental health services accreditation in Italy
Authors: Gigantesco Antonella , Morosini Pierluigi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  This paper deals mainly with health services peer accreditation in Italy, but a preliminary brief description of governmental accreditation is done, inasmuch as peer initiatives must take into account – and build upon – institutional accreditation requirements and practices. In Italy, no independent agency, such as the ‘Commission for Health Improvement’ or the ‘Health Advisory Service’ is operating.Methods  In the field of mental health services, two major peer accreditation programmes have been carried out. The paper focuses on the most original features of both programmes and reports examples of standards belonging to the more recent accreditation manual.Results  In the manual, because of a lesser need to reach a consensus between services with widely different outlook, professional standards are more detailed and the importance that they should be based on the principle of evidence‐based mental health is more stressed.Conclusions  The Italian peer accreditation approach in mental health may raise interest also in other countries.
Goal scaling for low back pain in primary care: development of a semi‐structured interview incorporating minimal important change
Authors: Mullis Ricky , Hay Elaine M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Goal attainment scaling was an individualized assessment technique developed to evaluate the provision of complex public services. However, this produced a measure which was driven more by the need to demonstrate clinical efficacy rather than reflecting a patient's own aspirations. People with low back pain have problems ranging from functional daily activities to areas which impinge upon their wider role in society and quality of life. Commonly used scales to measure back pain‐related disability may not capture domains of relevance to patients. The aim of this project was to develop a goal‐based individualized assessment tool capable of defining meaningful change in condition from the patient perspective for use in longitudinal clinical studies.Methods  We developed a semi‐structured interview to elicit patient important goals. We refined our initial framework by conducting consecutive rounds of interviews with patients and reviewing the feedback. Within this approach, we included a point identified as the minimum level of change needed within each goal that would be considered a meaningful improvement in condition by the patient.Results  Fifteen patients with low back pain took part in the study. Three rounds of interviews were held to refine the questions used to develop the goal scales. Overall, the participants identified a total of 59 problem areas, reducing these to the 45 most important goals (three for each patient). The minimal significant improvement was identified on 31 (69%) of these, with all except one patient able to identify this marker on two or more of their goal scales.Conclusions  The formation of individualized goal scales was successful in all of the participants in this study. Patients were able to understand the concept of ‘minimal important change’, and identify a specific target to reflect this for two‐thirds of their chosen goals.
Quality of life and psychological distress in patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome
Authors: Van Lier MGF , Mathus‐Vliegen EMH , Van Leerdam ME , Kuipers EJ , Looman CWN , Wagner A , Vanheusden K 
Published: August 2010

van Lier MGF, Mathus‐Vliegen EMH, van Leerdam ME, Kuipers EJ, Looman CWN, Wagner A, Vanheusden K. Quality of life and psychological distress in patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome.Little is known about psychological distress and quality of life (QoL) in patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS), a rare hereditary disorder. We aimed to assess QoL and psychological distress in PJS patients compared to the general population, and to evaluate determinants of QoL and psychological distress in a cross‐sectional study. PJS patients completed a questionnaire on QoL, psychological distress, and illness perceptions. The questionnaire was returned by 52 patients (85% response rate, 56% females, median age 44.5 years). PJS patients reported similar anxiety (p = 0.57) and depression (p = 0.61) scores as the general population. They reported a lower general health perception (p = 0.003), more limitations due to emotional problems (p = 0.045) and a lower mental well‐being (p = 0.036). Strong beliefs in negative consequences of PJS on daily life, a relapsing course of the disease, strong emotional reactions to PJS, and female gender were major determinants for a lower QoL. PJS patients experience a similar level of psychological distress as the general population, but a poorer general health perception, more limitations due to emotional problems, and a poorer mental QoL. Illness perceptions and female gender were major predictors for this lower QoL. These results may help to recognize PJS patients who might benefit from psychological support.
Trends of diabetes according to body mass index levels in Iran: results of the national Surveys of Risk Factors of Non‐Communicable Diseases (1999–2007)
Authors: Esteghamati A. , Ashraf H. , Khalilzadeh O. , Rshidi A. , Mohammad K. , Asgari F. , Abbasi M. 
Published: August 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1233–1240 (2010)AbstractAims  The prevalence of diabetes is increasing dramatically worldwide. Less is known about whether this trend is similar among obese and lean individuals.Methods  We analysed the data sets of three cross‐sectional national surveys in adults aged 25–64 years: the National Health Survey‐1999 (n = 21 576), and the national Surveys of Risk Factors of Non‐Communicable Diseases (SuRFNCD)‐2005 (n = 70 981) and SuRFNCD‐2007 (n = 4233). Diagnosed diabetes was ascertained, and height and weight were measured in all surveys. In SuRFNCD‐2005 and SuRFNCD‐2007, fasting plasma glucose was used to identify subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes (≥ 7 mmol/l) and impaired fasting glucose (5.6 ‐6.9 mmol/l) among individuals not reporting diabetes.Results  The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes (after adjustment for age, sex and residential area) was 2.5, 4.0 and 4.6% in 1999, 2005 and 2007, respectively. The total prevalence of diabetes increased from 7.7% in 2005 to 8.7% in 2007, about half of which was attributed to newly diagnosed disease (in both surveys). The prevalence of diabetes increased in all categories of obesity, with the most evident trend being among subjects with body mass index < 25 kg/m2.Conclusions  The prevalence of diabetes among Iranian adults has increased more than 1.8‐fold in a period of only 8 years since 1999. This is the first report from Iran, and urgent measures need to be taken in order to prevent the progression and worsening of the problem and emergence of its undesired consequences.