bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why publish with AGU?
Authors: Graedel T. E. 
Published: October 2011

The most visible activity of the American Geophysical Union is its publication of scientific journals. There are eight of these: Journal of Geophysical Research—Space Physics (JGR I), Journal of Geophysical Research—Solid Earth (JGR II), Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans and Atmospheres (JGR III), Radio Science (RS), Water Resources Research (WRR), Geophysical Research Letters (GRL), Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics (RGSP), and the newest, Tectonics.AGU's journals have established solid reputations for scientific excellence over the years. Reputation is not sufficient to sustain a high quality journal, however, since other factors enter into an author's decision on where to publish his or her work. In this article the characteristics of AGU's journals are compared with those of its competitors, with the aim of furnishing guidance to prospective authors and a better understanding of the value of the products to purchasers.
Mediterranean gyre
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A team of scientists from the Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity (NORDA), with assistance from French and Spanish organizations, is studying a 100‐km diameter gyre in the westernmost portion of the Mediterranean Sea. Formed by the water current flowing through the Strait of Gibraltar from the Atlantic Ocean, the gyre is nestled between the coasts of Spain and Morocco.The project, under the leadership of NORDA principal investigators Thomas Kinder, Harley Hurlburt, Paul LaViolette, and Dennis Conlon, focuses on how oceanic flows generally behave near straits and, in particular, how they behave in the Strait of Gibraltar. Increased understanding of gyre formation and behavior should lead to better forecasting and monitoring of oceanic conditions near the strait.
Solar energy shortage?
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

According to the results of a recent study by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), there has been a decrease of a tenth of a percent in the total amount of solar energy reaching the earth over the 18‐month period from February 1980 to August 1981. This conclusion is based on data obtained from the Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (ACRIM) that is incorporated onto the Solar Maximum Mission satellite. The results are significant for studies of the physics and geophysics of the sun and could have implications for short‐ and long‐term weather patterns on the earth's surface.The ACRIM has a precision of better than 10 4, whereas the uncertainties in the best earth‐based observations are on the order of 1% to 2%. The JPL group conducting the study suggests that the decrease in the sun's energy may even have been a factor in this year's unusually harsh winter.
[Comment on “Submarine hot springs: Origin of life?”] Hydrothermal vents revisited
Authors: Hoffman Sarah 
Published: October 2011

It was gratifying to read Peter Bell's synopsis of our paper [Corliss et al., 1981] in the March 23 issue of Eos (Submarine hot springs: Origin of life?) however, in the last sentence, he wrote, ‘They note that microorganisms found in recent expeditions to the submarine hot springs of the East Pacific Rise would be evidence that the processes are still occurring.’In our final paragraph we actually said that while “events leading to the formation of complex organic compounds and “protocell” structures may still be occurring in present‐day oceanic hydrothermal systems … the complex communities of bacteria in modern oceanic environments would outcompete and consume abiotically synthesized protocells…” Modern‐day vent microbiota will probably mask or destroy any evidence for abiotic synthesis in the hydrothermal vents.
Spiral sunspot spotted
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A pinwheel‐shaped sunspot sighted by astronomers at Kitt Peak National Observatory has been labeled by veteran solar observers as ‘unprecedented,’ according to the National Science Foundation. The sunspot, with a diameter about 6 times that of the earth, was spotted on February 19 with the vacuum solar telescope at Kitt Peak.The average sunspot, which usually appears in photographs as an irregularly shaped dark hole, has a diameter of about 9600 km. The spiral sunspot's diameter approximated 80,450 km. It maintained its shape for about 2 days before it broke up and changed form.
‘New’ Antarctic volcanos
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Two previously unknown volcanos that show evidence o f recent eruptions were discovered in March on the east side of the Antarctic Peninsula, according to the National Science Foundation. The discovery brings to five the number of known active volcanos on the continent.Volcanic debris still covers a large swath of the adjacent Larsen Ice Shelf, pointing to very recent activity. In addition, one of the volcanos was steaming when the discovery was made, reports Oscar Gonzalez‐Ferran of the University of Chile at Santiago. He made the discovery while doing a geophysical survey by helicopter of the Antarctic Peninsula. The two volcanos constitute the southernmost extension of the eastern side of the ‘ring of fire,’ a ring of volcanos that is believed to mark the active subduction zone on the periphery of the Pacific Ocean.
Geophysicists
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

David Burdon, an advisor on groundwater to the Geological Survey of Ireland and a director of Minerex Ltd., a Dublin‐based geotechnical consultant company, has been awarded the Aberconway Medal by the Institute of Geologists, a worldwide body that honors one member each year for services to geology. Burdon's work in hydrogeology, particularly in the Middle East, has won him international recognition.Two AGU Fellows were recently elected to the National Academy of Sciences: Don L. Anderson, director of the Seismological Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, and W. Jason Morgan, professor of geophysics at Princeton University. Both have received awards from AGU in previous years. Anderson was the recipient of the James B. Macelwane Award in 1966; Morgan received the Walter H. Bucher Medal in 1972.
Planetology resolution
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Dismayed by cutbacks and proposed further reductions in federal funding for planetary science, the Planetology Section of the American Geophysical Union has adopted the following resolution, which touches on some of the reasons for planetary exploration and argues that it is in the public interest to maintain a vigorous planetary program.We firmly endorse the scientific value of planetary exploration and its significance for our nation and our world.
1981 VGP Awardee: Richard A. Yund
Authors: Dalrymple G. Brent 
Published: October 2011

The VGP award was established to honor individuals who in the past 5 years have made a significant contribution to the fields of volcanology, petrology, or geochemistry. The first person chosen to receive this award is Richard A. Yund of Brown University, for his pioneering work on the kinetics of solid state processes in minerals.Dick began his career as a pre‐ then post‐doctoral fellow at the Geophysical Lab, and later at Brown University, where he concentrated on sulfides. After solving some difficult problems of phase relations in sulfide systems and becoming interested in the kinetics and mechanisms of exsolution, he abandoned sulfides and turned his attention to feldspars.
More computer resources needed for ocean modeling
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

‘Ocean numerical modeling has recently become an important part of ocean science and plays today an essential role in the advance of the science itself,’ and to ensure the advancement of the oceanographic sciences, significantly more computer resources are required, according to an ad hoc committee of the National Research Council's Ocean Sciences Board.The Ad Hoc Committee on Computing Resources and Facilities for Ocean Circulation Modelling, chaired by James J. O'Brien, surveyed the ocean modeling community to assess the available computing resources in the United States and the projected resource needs. The accompanying table summarizes the results of the committee's survey on computer resources.
Disziplingeschichte als wissenschaftliche Selbstreflexion der historischen Wissenschaftsforschung
Authors: Landsberg H. E. 
Published: October 2011

This monograph, Disziplingeschichte als wissenschaftliche Selbstreflexion der historischen Wissenschaftsforschung: Eine Darstellung unter Heranziehung von Fallstudien der Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Geophysik, is principally concerned with the problem of how scientific disciplines develop. The historical aspects of geophysics and meteorology, as they became separated from the classical sciences of geography, physics, and astronomy, are the principal topics of discussion. There are three main sections.In the first the author traces some of the symptoms that characterize the emergence of an independent branch of science. These include establishment of journals specifically focused on advances in the specialty, the appearance of personalities with pioneering research, and organizations devoted to the particular field. In touching on these elements in the context of geophysics, a particular aspect becomes immediately obvious. It is the arising need for international cooperation. In the last century this was demonstrated by the establishment of the International Meteorological Organization in 1873 and the 11‐nation venture of the International Polar Year 1882/83. It also becomes clear that geophysics is distinctly different from the laboratory sciences because it is notably steered by external events such as the Krakatoa eruption 1883, major earthquakes, notable floods, etc.
1982 Bowie Medalist: Henry Stommel
Authors: Munk Walter H. 
Published: October 2011

When Curt Collins asked me to present the citation for the award of the 1982 Bowie Medal, my immediate response was: can he deliver the medalist? Henry Stommel is not known for his attendance at large meetings, nor can I believe that the acceptance of public honors is one of his favorite pastimes.My job is made easier by the recent volume ‘Scientific Surveys in Honor of Henry Stommel’ put together by Bruce Warren and Carl Wunsch. Arons has summarized Hank's scientific work, and there are personal notes by Montgomery, Deacon, and Fuglister that I have greatly enjoyed.
Neptune has rings?
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Astronomers at Villanova University report preliminary evidence that at least two ‘fairly transparent’ rings encircle Neptune. The report fuels the debate over the possibility that rings similar to those of Jupiter, Saturn, or Uranus also can be found around distant Neptune.Each of the two rings is about 1900 km wide, according to Edward F. Guinan, Frank P. Malone, and Craig Harris. The findings, gleaned from Guinan's observations of an occultation of Neptune and a star, were reported at the recent meeting of the American Astronomical Society.
Gravity Probe B to test Einstein
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

Gravity probe B, which has been proposed for a space shuttle launch in 1992, is a 2‐ton spacecraft that has been under study for several years at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. The heart of the spacecraft is a gyroscope, which consists o f a solid quartz golfball‐sized sphere that serves as the rotor. Levitated in space by an electric field, the rotor would spin completely untouched at 170 cycles per second.The rotor is so nearly perfectly round that if it were expanded from its golfball size to the size of the earth, the highest imperfection on its surface would be only about 1.8 m (6 feet). To give the ball superconductivity, Marshall has developed a niobium coating for the rotor and has been instrumental in the development of an isothermal barrier—a large vacuum‐bottlelike container that would provide near‐absolute‐zero temperatures for the gyroscope.
Minutes: Hydrology Section Executive Committee Meeting
Authors: Schaake John C. 
Published: October 2011

The meeting began promptly at 4:00 P.M., June 1, 1982. Twenty‐two members attended. The meeting was opened with a brief announcement by Yacov Haimes that the last board meeting of the Universities Council on Water Resources Research approved the idea of a one‐semester course, suitable for television, on water resources and hydrology. Anyone interested in this should contact Yacov.The entire meeting was then devoted to a discussion of one topic—the proposal to establish a memorial lectureship in honor of Ven Te Chow. President Wallis presented results of the questionnaire survey of members of the section.
History society launches journal
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

A fledgling international organization plans to launch, in the next few months, a journal devoted to the study of the history of the earth sciences. The journal, to be published by the History of Earth Sciences Society (HESS), will be edited by Gerald M. Friedman ot the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.HESS will promote interest and scholarship in the history of the earth sciences by publishing the semiannual journal, by organizing meetings about the history of earth sciences, and by supporting the efforts of other associations displaying similar interests, according to the society's draft constitution. An organizational meeting to ratify the constitution and to elect officers will be held in conjunction with the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America in October. The interim officers and the proposed slate for 1983 include David B. Kitts (University of Oklahoma, Norman), president; Albert V. Carrozi (University of Illinois, Urbana), president‐elect; and Ellis L. Yochelson (U.S. Geological Survey, National Museum of Natural History), secretary.
Airborne observatory data maps Orion Nebula
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

A map of the Orion Nebula that demonstrates newly formed stars not visible to the naked eye has been created by using infrared data from the Gerard P. Kuiper Airborne Observatory. These stars have been under study by infrared astronomers since their discovery some 15 years ago. Infrared observations have shown total power output of this group of very young stars to be more than 100,000 times the power of the sun.The Kuiper Airborne Observatory is actually a Lockheed C‐141 Starlifter aircraft equipped with a 91.5‐cm aperture Cassegrain‐type reflector telescope installed in an open cavity recessed into the port side of the aircraft immediately ahead of the wing. The telescope can be moved in flight over an elevation range of 35°–75°. It is capable of tracking celestial objects to an accuracy of less than 2 arc seconds by use of precision gyroscopes and an active digital tracking system. The team aboard the Kuiper included astronomers from the California Institute of Technology, the University of Hawaii and the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope.
More on South American geophysics
Authors: Lomnitz Cinna 
Published: October 2011

As an addendum to J. Urrutia Fucugauchi's (Eos, 63, June 8, 1982, p. 529) excellent analysis of why things go wrong in Latin American geophysics, I submit that funds in whatever form are not the only answer. In Mexico over the past decade there has been a reasonable availability of funds, yet no dramatic increase in the quality or quantity of geophysical research was detected. Graduate scholarships have even gone begging for applicants in the earth sciences!Leadership is the big problem. National plans and forecasts for science and technology continue to ignore this central fact. They want to generate hundreds, nay thousands, of middle‐level scientists while providing no incentive for excellence. As others have found out long before us, this approach is doomed from the start.
NSF fellowships available
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Application materials are available for 600 fellowships that the National Science Foundation (NSF) plans to award next spring for advanced study ‘to help meet the continuing national need for qualified personnel.’The fellowships are divided among 3 programs: 500 are NSF Graduate Fellowships, 50 are NSF Minority Graduate Fellowships, and the remaining 50 are North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Postdoctoral Fellowships. All are subject to availability of funds. Competition for these awards is open to citizens and nationals of the United States. Awards will be made on the basis of merit for full‐time graduate study in all fields of science.
International Workshop on Anisotropy
Authors: Crampin S. 
Published: October 2011

The first International Workshop on Seismic Anisotropy was held in Suzdal, USSR, from the 11th to the 19th of May 1982. The meeting was sponsored by IASPEI, UNESCO, and the Academy of Sciences, USSR, and was organized largely by E. M. Chesnokov and V. A. Magnitsky. Forty‐five scientists from Czechoslovakia (2), FRG (1), GDR (1), Japan (1), India (1), UK (4), USA (3), and USSR (32) discussed the theory, observation, and causes o f seismic anisotropy.The most important conclusion from a wide variety of observations was that seismic anisotropy can be demonstrated as a very common, if not ubiquitous, property of much of the crust and upper mantle of the earth and may be important in a wide range of investigations. The anisotropy may be caused by a number of phenomena, including oriented crystals (mechanisms reviewed by Christensen, USA, and Babuska, Czechoslovakia); lithological alignments, as in oil shales; fine layering (reviewed by Liakhovitsky, USSR); and the direct effects o f stress (Nikitin and Chesnokov, USSR); but the commonest cause of anisotropy in the upper crust is probably aligned cracks (Crampin, UK).
Technology transfer—A growing problem
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

A joint National Academy of Sciences (NAS)‐Department of Defense (DOD) panel on the subject of technology transfer, which usually means giving away valuable industrial and perhaps unclassified military designs and information, set national guidelines in its recent report (Eos, October 5, p. 801). The results could affect the freedom of publication and public presentation of geophysical research.An aspect of the problem surfaced in mid‐August of this year, when, at the 26th annual technical symposium of the Society of Photooptical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) DOD suddenly censored from presentation at the meeting something close to 100 papers, many of which were on applications of infrared technology and its transmission in the atmosphere. A number of the papers had apparent potential to the military, but none of the research was classified. Generally, research contracts with university professors contain nothing about obtaining clearance before presenting the results at professional meetings, but there are rules that apply, to wit the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). Also, the Department of Commerce has export control regulations that could be invoked. The censorship at the San Diego meeting has caused considerable clamor within the scientific community, starting with a report about the SPIE events that was published in Science News (Sept. 4, 1982) as ‘Remote Censoring: DOD Blocks Symposium Papers.’
Update: Science and security
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Although ‘a substantial and serious technology transfer [to the Soviet Union] exists,’ open communication of federally funded research does not damage our national security, according to Dale R. Corson, president emeritus of Cornell University and chairman of the National Academy of Sciences' Panel on Scientific Communication and National Security. Corson characterized those technology transfers at a recent press conference on the panel's findings, which are summarized in their report, ‘Science Communications and National Security’ (Eos, October 5, p. 801).‘A net flow of products, processes, and ideas is continually moving from the United States and its allies to the Soviet Union, through both overt and covert means,’ Corson said. While some of this technology transfer has not compromised national security (‘in part because a technology in question had little or no military significance’), a ‘substantial portion of the transfer has been damaging to national security,’ Corson explained. The ‘damaging transfers’ occur through the ‘legal as well as illegal sale of products, through transfers via third countries, and through a highly organized espionage operation.’
Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Antarctic Meteorites
Authors: Dodd Robert T. 
Published: October 2011

In the last few years, Antarctica has become an important source of meteorites, and the Japanese Symposia on Antarctic Meteorites have emerged as major outlets for data on these objects. The Proceedings volume from the fifth such symposium, held in February 1980, is therefore most welcome.This volume, like its predecessors, deals almost solely with Antarctic meteorites (exceptions are a paper on synthetic chondrules and two papers on sheet silicates in the Murchison, CM, chondrite), stresses observation rather than interpretation and synthesis, and contains few contributions by non‐Japanese authors. Its 26 papers cover a very wide range of subjects, from chondrites to ureilites, from sample recovery and weathering to magnetic properties (four papers), cosmogenic nuclides (three papers), and compressional wave velocities. Though few meteoriticists will find all papers equally interesting, there is something in the volume for everyone. Even nonspecialists should enjoy reading Nishio and Annexstad's discussion of ice flow and the role it played on concentrating meteorites in such happy hunting grounds as the Allan Hills and the Yamato Mountains.
Urban Water Conservation
Authors: Moomaw Ronald L. 
Published: October 2011

According to its abstract, this book attempts ‘an assessment of various water conservation measures aimed at reducing residential water usage.’ Its intent is to develop a research program whose ‘ultimate goal is to engender a conservation ethic among water users and managers and develop a predictable array of conservation methodologies. …’ Professor Flack indeed has presented an excellent assessment of conservation methodologies, but I believe that the proposed research program is too limited.Following a brief introductory chapter, chapter II presents an extensive review of the water conservation literature published in the 1970's and earlier. It and chapter III, which describes Flack's systematic comparison of the technical, economic, and political aspects of each conservation methodology, are the heart of the book. Chapter IV is a brief discussion and analysis of conservation programs (with examples) that a water utility might adopt. Chapter V is essentially a pilot study of methods of assessing political and social feasibility. Finally, a set of recommendations is presented in chapter VI. All in all, this book is a nice blend of literature review and original research that deals with an important issue.
Meeting Report Report of the General Meeting of the IAG
Authors: Nakagawa Ichiro 
Published: October 2011

At the invitation of the Science Council of Japan and the Geodetic Society of Japan, the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) held its general meeting in Tokyo from May 7 to 15, 1982.The participants at the general meeting numbered 360: 170 from Japan and 190 from abroad, of which 47 came from the United States, 19 from the Federal Republic of Germany, 10 from France, and 10 from Canada. Asian and African countries also sent delegations: 12 participants from the People's Republic of China, eight from the Republic of Korea, eight from the Federal Republic of Nigeria, and others.