bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive measurement of the response of right ventricular pressure to exercise, and its relation to aerobic capacity
Authors: Möller Thomas , Peersen Kari , Pettersen Eirik , Thaulow Erik , Holmstrøm Henrik , Fredriksen Per Morten 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIntroductionExercise echocardiography assesses exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension. The upper normal limit of right ventricular systolic pressure during exercise is not well established. Our study aims to investigate the response of right ventricular systolic pressure in relation to aerobic capacity.Methods and resultsCardiopulmonary exercise testing using a treadmill, and echocardiography during supine cycling, were performed in 113 healthy volunteers aged 13 to 25 years. Maximal right ventricular systolic pressure during evaluable exercise studies obtained in 108 subjects showed a Gaussian distribution only after separating the endurance trained subjects, specifically 12 athletes with Z-score of peak oxygen uptake higher than 2.0, from the normally trained group of 97 subjects. Maximal right ventricular systolic pressure during exercise in the normally trained group showed a mean of 38.0 millimetres of mercury, with standard deviation of 7.2, a median value of 39.0, and a range from 17 to 63, and the 95th percentile was 51 millimetres of mercury. In the athletes, the maximal right ventricular systolic pressure was higher, with a median of 55.5, a range from 28 to 69, this being significant, with p equal to 0.004). Of the 12 athletes, 8 (67%) showed a response of right ventricular systolic pressure to exercise exceeding 50 millimetres of mercury, but only 8 of 97 normally trained subjects (8%) showed a similar response, this also being significant, with p less than 0.001.ConclusionsOur study confirms the great variability in the response of right ventricular systolic pressure to exercise in healthy individuals, with 50 millimetres of mercury representing the upper normal limit. Endurance-trained athletes show higher levels, and two-thirds have abnormal responses exceeding 50 millimetres of mercury.
Molecular neurodevelopment: Anin vivo31P-1H MRSI study
Authors: GOLDSTEIN GERALD , PANCHALINGAM KANAGASABAI , MCCLURE RICHARD J. , STANLEY JEFFREY A. , CALHOUN VINCE D. , PEARLSON GODFREY D. , PETTEGREW JAY W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSynaptic development and elimination are normal neurodevelopmental processes, which if altered could contribute to various neuropsychiatric disorders.31P-1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams were conducted on 105 healthy children ages 6–18 years old to identify neuromolecular indices of synaptic development and elimination. Over the age range studied, age-related changes in high-energy phosphate (phosphocreatine), membrane phospholipid metabolism (precursors and breakdown products), and percent gray matter volume were found. These neuromolecular and structural indices of synaptic development and elimination are associated with development of several cognitive domains. Monitoring of these molecular markers is essential for devising treatment strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders. (JINS, 2009,15, 671–683.)
Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase increases the production of reactive oxygen species in RAW264.7 macrophages
Authors: Zhao Kai , Huang Zhen , Lu Hongling , Zhou Juefei , Wei Taotao 
Published: August 2009

Macrophages produce a large volume of ROS (reactive oxygen species) through respiratory burst. However, the influence of iNOS [inducible NOS (nitric oxide synthase)] activation on ROS production remains unclear. In the present study, the kinetic generation of ROS in RAW264.7 murine macrophages was monitored by chemiluminescence. PMA induces a robust chemiluminescence in RAW264.7 cells, suggesting PKC (protein kinase C)-related assembly and activation of NOX (NADPH oxidase). The effects of iNOS induction on ROS production were examined. Induction of iNOS expression in RAW264.7 cells with LPS (lipopolysaccharide; 1 μg/ml) causes a significant increase in PMA-induced chemiluminescence, which could be enhanced by the NOS substrate, L-arginine, and could be abolished by the NOS inhibitor, L-NNA (NG-nitro-L-arginine). Further experiments reveal that induction of iNOS expression enhances the PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of the p47phox subunit of NOX, and promotes the relocalization of cytosolic p47phox and p67phox subunits to the membrane. Inhibition of PKCζ by its myristoylated pseudosubstrate significantly decreased the PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of the p47phox in LPS-pretreated cells, suggesting that PKCζ is involved in the iNOS-dependent assembly and activation of NOX. Taken together, the present study suggests that the induction of iNOS upregulates the PMA-induced assembly of NOX and leads to the enhanced production of ROS via a PKCζ-dependent mechanism.
Efficacy and tolerability of oral bovine lactoferrin compared to ferrous sulfate in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia: A prospective controlled randomized study
Authors: NAPPI CARMINE , TOMMASELLI GIOVANNI ANTONIO , MORRA ILARIA , MASSARO MARIANGELA , FORMISANO CARMEN , DI CARLO COSTANTINO 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective. To compare the effects of bovine lactoferrin with ferrous sulfate on iron nutritional status and to evaluate their tolerability in 100 pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia. Design. Prospective, randomized, controlled, double blind trial. Setting. Obstetrics clinic of a University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Population. One‐hundred pregnant, healthy women to be treated either with one capsule of 100 mg bovine lactoferrin twice a day (Group A; n = 49) and 520 mg ferrous sulfate once a day (Group B; n = 48). Methods. After 30 days, we evaluated hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin, serum iron and total iron‐ binding capacity (TIBC) values. All women were asked to keep a diary of five potential gastrointestinal side effects (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation). For each symptom, patients had to rate its severity according to a scale ranging from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe). Main outcome measures. Hb level before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes were serum ferritin, serum iron and TIBC levels and the difference in symptom scores between groups. Results. In Groups A and B, Hb, serum ferritin and iron were significantly increased while TIBC was significantly reduced in comparison with basal values. No significant differences were observed between Groups A and B. The median scores of abdominal pain and constipation were significantly higher in patients treated with ferrous sulfate in comparison with those treated with bovine lactoferrin. Conclusions. The results show that bovine lactoferrin has the same efficacy as ferrous sulfate in restoring iron deposits with significantly fewer gastrointestinal side effects.
Validation of disease registration in pregnant women in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway
Authors: ENGELAND ANDERS , BJØRGE TONE , DALTVEIT ANNE KJERSTI , VOLLSET STEIN EMIL , FURU KARI 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective. To evaluate the reliability of maternal disease registration in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). Study design. Validation study. Setting. The two nationwide population‐based registries, the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD) and the MBRN, were linked using a unique personal identification number. Population. Pregnant women (n = 108,489), pregnancies (lasting more than 22 weeks) starting at March 30, 2004 onwards and ending before January 1, 2007, registered in MBRN. Main outcome measures. Registrations of maternal diagnoses (diabetes, asthma, and epilepsy) in MBRN compared to their dispensal of prescribed medicines as an indication of disease. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of diabetes, epilepsy, and asthma in the MBRN were calculated using information from NorPD as the ‘gold standard.’ Methods. Validation study comparing maternal diagnoses in MBRN with prescriptions of drugs and reimbursement codes registered in NorPD. Results. The sensitivity for the diagnosis of diabetes (any type) and diabetes type 1 in MBRN were estimated to be 72% (95% confidence interval: 69–74) and 90% (86–93%). For epilepsy and asthma, the sensitivity of MBRN was estimated to be 74% (69–78) and 51% (49–52), respectively. For asthma, the sensitivity increased to over 70% when it was restricted to individuals with more serious disease. Conclusions. The sensitivity of the registration of type 1 diabetes was 90%, while the sensitivity for any type of diabetes was lower and similar to the sensitivity of the registration of epilepsy. The registration of asthma overall was 51%, but considerably higher for more serious asthma. Except for diabetes type 1, the medical disease diagnoses in the MBRN should be dealt with carefully.
Cesarean section in morbidly obese women: supra or subumbilical transverse incision?
Authors: TIXIER HERVÉ , THOUVENOT SÉGOLÈNE , COULANGE LAURÈNE , PEYRONEL CAROLINE , FILIPUZZI LAURENCE , SAGOT PAUL , DOUVIER SERGE 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe obstetrician is more and more frequently faced with the decision to perform a cesarean section in obese women. We describe a technique of supra or subumbilical transverse cesarean section (depending on the height of the projection of the upper edge of the pubic symphysis) specifically designed for morbidly obese women with a voluminous panniculus. We evaluated feasibility and associated morbidity in a retrospective descriptive series of 18 patients operated between 2003 and 2008. We assessed the quality of access to the lower uterine segment and facility to extract the fetus. The mean body mass index was 47.7 kg/m2 (range 40.1–60.8). The incision was subumbilical in 13 women (72.2%) and supraumbilical in 27.7%. With this technique, the exposition, the section of the lower uterine segment, and extraction of the baby are simple. It can be easily generalized and quickly learnt.
Fever in pregnancy and offspring mortality – a longitudinal study of a cohort from 1927 to 1937 on the Faroe Islands
Authors: HELMSDAL GUNNHILD , OLSEN SJÚRÐUR F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn a birth cohort from 1927 to 1937 consisting of 4,208 individuals, we examined the relation between complications in pregnancy and offspring adult mortality. Patterns of increased mortality were observed in the group of males whose mothers had experienced fever during pregnancy, i.e. with all‐cause mortality (rate ratio 1.505; 95% CI 1.084–1.926; p = 0.057), premature death (rate ratio 1.943; 95% CI 1.486–2.400; p = 0.004), and with cancer (rate ratio 2.625; 95% CI 1.845–3.405; p = 0.015). To our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association between fever in pregnancy and offspring mortality.
Is antenatal steroid treatment effective in preterm IUGR fetuses?
Authors: TORRANCE HELEN L. , DERKS JAN B. , SCHERJON SICCO A. , WIJNBERGER LIA D. , VISSER GERARD H.A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThere are no randomized studies on the effect of antenatal corticosteroids in preterm intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) fetuses. Fetal lung maturation has been postulated to be enhanced in these fetuses, which may result in little benefit of steroid treatment. Furthermore, corticosteroid treatment may be detrimental, as has been shown in IUGR animal models. The objective of this study was to review the available literature on antenatal steroid treatment of the IUGR fetus. All available reports on antenatal steroid treatment of IUGR and small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses published prior to October 2007 were included in this review. IUGR fetuses are a subgroup of SGA fetuses that are small due to placental insufficiency, which is reflected in abnormal Doppler examination of the umbilical artery. The main outcome measures were respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and neonatal mortality. No difference in neonatal mortality was seen in any of the reviewed studies and RDS, IVH, and NEC incidence did not differ between treated and untreated IUGR fetuses. In SGA fetuses, results on RDS incidence and intracranial outcome were inconclusive. Antenatal steroid treatment does not seem to have an effect on neonatal mortality or morbidity in IUGR fetuses. In SGA fetuses, it remains unclear if antenatal steroid treatment is beneficial due to heterogeneous populations and treatment regimes. A randomized controlled trial should be performed to confirm prior results and answer further questions regarding antenatal steroid treatment of these fetuses.
Association between colonization with Group B Streptococcus and preterm delivery: A systematic review
Authors: VALKENBURG‐VAN DEN BERG ARIJAAN W. , SPRIJ ARWEN J. , DEKKER FRIEDO W. , DÖRR P. JOEP , KANHAI HUMPHREY H.H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUp to 36% of pregnant women are colonized with Group B Streptococcus (GBS). Preterm delivery in colonized mothers is a risk factor for early onset neonatal GBS disease, but whether maternal GBS genital colonization is related to preterm delivery is unclear. The objective of this review was to determine the relationship between maternal colonization with GBS and preterm delivery. Pubmed searches and reference lists of all selected publications were used to find studies reporting on the relationship between maternal GBS colonization and preterm delivery. Study characteristics were abstracted, and validity scores were performed. To assess the relationship between GBS colonization and pregnancy outcome, four‐fold prognostic tables were constructed for each study. Out of more than 60 full‐text articles, 16 follow‐up studies and four case control studies were included in this review. Follow‐up studies were divided into ‘cohort studies,’ in which cultures were taken early in pregnancy and which reported on pregnancy outcome, and ‘cross‐sectional studies’, in which cultures were collected during delivery. Studies differed widely in methods, validity score, and GBS prevalence. The combined estimate from a random effect meta‐analysis of the 11 cohort studies was 1.06 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.95–1.19) and for the five cross‐sectional studies 1.75 (95% CI 1.43–2.14). For the case control studies, the pooled odds ratio was 1.59 (95% CI 1.03–2.44). This systematic review did not show an association between maternal GBS colonization during pregnancy and preterm delivery. However, in case of preterm delivery, there is an increased risk of subsequent maternal GBS colonization.
The role of modifiable pre‐pregnancy risk factors in preventing adverse fetal outcomes among women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: INKSTER MELANIE E. , FAHEY TOM P. , DONNAN PETER T. , LEESE GRAHAM P. , MIRES GARY J. , MURPHY DEIRDRE J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe investigated the fetal outcomes of pregnancy in women with pre‐existing diabetes in relation to pre‐pregnancy risk factors using a community‐based cohort of women in Tayside, Scotland. There were 211 pregnancies in 132 women with insulin‐requiring type 1 and 2 diabetes between January 1993 and December 2005. Adverse fetal outcome was classified as spontaneous miscarriage, termination for medical reasons, stillbirth, neonatal death, or congenital malformation and occurred in 61 (29%) pregnancies. Mothers with poor glycemic control pre‐conceptually and at booking (HbA1c = 7.5%) had almost a three‐fold increase in adverse fetal outcome compared with mothers having fair control, odds ratio (OR) 2.59 (95% CI 1.11–6.03), and 2.71 (95% CI 1.39–5.28), respectively. Mothers who were still smoking at the booking visit had a two‐fold increase in adverse fetal outcome (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.09–4.10). Further improvement in the management of diabetes and pregnancy is needed through enhanced preconception services addressing the full spectrum of modifiable risk factors.
Sinusoidal Smooth Pursuit Eye Tracking at Different Stimulus Frequencies: Position Error and Velocity Error Before Catch-Up Saccades in Schizophrenia and in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Fabisch Karin , Fitz Werner , Fabisch Hans , Haas-Krammer Alexandra , Klug Günter , Zapotoczky Stephan , Kapfhammer Hans-Peter 
Published: August 2009

Objective: The aim of the present study was to ascertain the extent of impairment of position error and velocity error processing in eye tracking dysfunction in schizophrenic and depressive patients. Method: A total of 21 schizophrenic and 19 unipolar depressive patients and 21 healthy controls were subjected to an eye tracking test with electro-oculography using horizontal sinusoidal stimuli with frequencies of 0.2–0.7 Hz. Position error and velocity error were measured over a saccade-free range of 200 ms before catch-up saccades at 50 ms intervals. Results: For position error, the schizophrenia patients displayed increased values particularly compared to controls, more rarely compared to depressive patients, depending on the stimulus frequency used. The increase in stimulus frequency did not lead to an increase in position error in any group of subjects over a prolonged period. For velocity error, in contrast, the study groups differed only in a few, isolated pre-saccadic intervals. The increase in stimulus frequency, however, led to an increase in velocity error in the schizophrenia patients over the entire 200 ms interval. The depressive patients did not differ notably from the controls, neither in terms of position error nor velocity error. Conclusions: Eye tracking dysfunction in schizophrenia can be described as follows with regard to position error and velocity error: On the one hand, there is an increased position error tolerance largely independent of stimulus frequency, possibly due to an impairment of processing localization information. On the other hand, velocity processing is more severely impaired by an increase in stimulus frequency.
Pseudoneurotic Schizophrenia Revisited
Authors: Connor Karen O. , Nelson Barnaby , Walterfang Mark , Velakoulis Dennis , Thompson Andrew 
Published: August 2009

Objectives: ‘Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia’ was a diagnostic term coined in the 1940s by Hoch and Polatin. It described a subgroup of patients who presented with prominent anxiety symptoms, which masked a latent psychotic disorder. Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia as a diagnostic entity has fallen out of clinical use. Methods: Described herein is a case that meets the Hoch and Polatin definition of pseudoneurotic schizophrenia. Results: The history of the concept is reviewed and a discussion is given of why it was forgotten. Conclusion: The concepts that underlie the diagnostic entity of pseudoneurotic schizophrenia remain relevant to current practice. Recent findings in patients with an emerging psychotic disorder lend modern support to the idea that schizophrenia may present with significant neurotic symptoms.
Exploring Clinical Characteristics of Bipolar Depression: Internal Structure of the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale
Authors: Chang Jae Seung , Ahn Yong Min , Yu Han Young , Park Hye Jean , Lee Kyu Young , Kim Se Hyun , Kim Yong Sik 
Published: August 2009

Objective: Due to its pleomorphic phenomenology, the clinical features of bipolar depression are difficult to assess. The objective of the present study was therefore to explore the internal structure of the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS) in terms of the phenomenological characteristics of bipolar depression. Methods: Sixty patients with DSM-IV bipolar depression completed the BDRS, depression and excitement subscales of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-D and PANSS-E), 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Montgomery–Äsberg Depression Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale. The internal structure of the BDRS was explored through hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) using Ward's method and multidimensional scaling (MDS). Results: From 20-item BDRS data, the HCA yielded two symptom clusters. The first cluster included 12 items of conventional depressive symptoms. The second cluster included eight items of mixed symptoms. The MDS identified a depressive–mixed dimension. The depressive symptom cluster showed a more cohesive and conglomerate cluster structure on the MDS map compared to the mixed symptom cluster. After controlling for the effects of treatment-emergent extrapyramidal symptoms, strong positive correlations were observed between the BDRS and other depression rating scales, and the BDRS also weakly correlated with the YMRS and the PANSS-E. Conclusions: The internal structure of BDRS appears to be sensitive to complex features of bipolar depression. Hence, the BDRS may have an advantage in evaluating clinical changes in patients with bipolar depression within the therapeutic process.
One-dimensional-ratio measures of atrophy progression in multiple sclerosis as evaluated by longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Martola J. , Stawiarz L. , Fredrikson S. , Hillert J. , Bergström J. , Flodmark O. , Aspelin P. , Wiberg M. Kristoffersen 
Published: August 2009

Background: For decades, normalized one-dimensional (1D) measures have been used in the evaluation of brain atrophy. In multiple sclerosis (MS), the use of normalized linear measures over longitudinal follow-up remains insufficiently documented. Purpose: To evaluate the association between different regional atrophy measures and disability in MS patients over four decades in a longitudinal cross-sectional study. Material and Methods: 37 consecutively selected MS patients were included. At baseline, patients had a range of disease duration (1–33 years) and age (24–65 years). Each patient was followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for a mean of 9.25 years (range 7.3–10 years). Four 1D measures were applied at three time points on axial 5-mm T1-weighted images. Three clinical MS subgroups were represented: relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and primary progressive MS (PPMS). Results: There were significant changes in all 1D ratios during follow-up. The Evans ratio (ER) and the bifrontal ratio (BFR) were associated with the development of disability. Changes of ER and BFR reflected more aggressive disease progression, as expressed by MS severity score (MSSS). Conclusion: All four normalized ratios showed uniform atrophy progression, suggesting a consistent rate of atrophy over long-term disease duration independent of MS course. Disability status correlated with 1D measures, suggesting that serial evaluation of Evans and bifrontal ratios might contribute to the radiological evaluation of MS patients.