bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gliosarcoma Stem Cells Undergo Glial and Mesenchymal Differentiation In Vivo
Authors: deCarvalho Ana C. , Nelson Kevin , Lemke Nancy , Lehman Norman L. , Arbab Ali S. , Kalkanis Steven , Mikkelsen Tom 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are characterized by their self-renewing potential and by their ability to differentiate and phenocopy the original tumor in orthotopic xenografts. Long-term propagation of glioblastoma (GBM) cells in serum-containing medium results in loss of the CSCs and outgrowth of cells genetically and biologically divergent from the parental tumors. In contrast, the use of a neurosphere assay, a serum-free culture for selection, and propagation of central nervous system-derived stem cells allows the selection of a subpopulation containing CSCs. Gliosarcoma (GS), a morphological variant comprising approximately 2% of GBMs, present a biphasic growth pattern, composed of glial and metaplastic mesenchymal components. To assess whether the neurosphere assay would allow the amplification of a subpopulation of cells with “gliosarcoma stem cell” properties, capable of propagating both components of this malignancy, we have generated neurospheres and serum cultures from primary GS and GBM surgical specimens. Neurosphere cultures from GBM and GS samples expressed neural stem cell markers Sox2, Musashi1, and Nestin. In contrast to the GBM neurosphere lines, the GS neurospheres were negative for the stem cell marker CD133. All neurosphere lines generated high-grade invasive orthotopic tumor xenografts, with histological features strikingly similar to the parental tumors, demonstrating that these cultures indeed are enriched in CSCs. Remarkably, low-passage GS serum cultures retained the expression of stem cell markers, the ability to form neurospheres, and tumorigenicity. The GS experimental tumors phenocopied the parental tumor, exhibiting biphasic glial and mesenchymal components, constituting a clinically relevant model to investigate mesenchymal differentiation in GBMs.
Practical management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Ramsay Sarah , Astill Natasha , Shankland Gillian , Winter Andrew 
Published: November 2009

AbstractVulvovaginal candidiasis is a common problem worldwide and is multifactorial in origin. Many women suffer recurrent episodes that can have a serious impact on their quality of life. The authors outline the clinical characteristics and aetiology of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, and provide guidance on diagnosing the condition and the treatment options available. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Female urethral diverticulectomy: a new surgical approach
Authors: Katmawi‐Sabbagh Samer , Al‐Qassim Zubair , Al‐Sudani Mohammed , England Roland C. , Khan Zeb 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe authors review the different surgical approaches used for treatment of urethral diverticulum in women before describing an easy method for complete excision. This technique should help to avoid the difficulties in identifying the walls and hence decrease the risk of complications related to dissection, such as incontinence or fistula formation. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Generating tests from B specifications and dynamic selection criteria
Authors: Julliand Jacques , Masson Pierre-Alain , Tissot Régis , Bué Pierre-Christophe 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This paper is about generating tests from dynamic selection criteria called test purposes, in addition to structural tests, obtained from static selection criteria. We present a method that re-uses a behavioral model and an abstract test concretization layer developed for structural testing, and relies on additional test purposes. We propose, in the B framework, a process of test generation that uses the symbolic animation mechanisms of Leirios Test Generator (LTG) based on constraint solving, and guided by the test purposes. We build for that a B model that is the synchronized product of a behavioral B abstract model and a test purpose described as a labeled transition system. We prove the correctness of this method, and show some experimental results obtained on the IAS case study. IAS is an industrial smart-card platform dedicated to the operations of Identification, Authentication and electronic Signature. Our experiments show that the tests obtained from test purposes are complementary to the structural tests.
The influence of temporally variable predation risk on indirect interactions in an aquatic food chain
Authors: Wojdak Jeremy M. , Trexler D. Coleman 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe know little about how temporally variable predation risk influences prey behavior. The risk allocation hypothesis predicts that prey facing more frequent risk should show weak anti‐predator responses, and should be particularly active foragers during rare periods of safety, compared to prey facing infrequent risk. Several studies offer support for the risk allocation hypothesis, but how these responses might propagate through the larger ecological community remains largely unknown. We experimentally investigated the relative strength of trait‐ and density‐mediated indirect effects of a predator on its prey's resource across predation treatments that varied the lethality (caged or free‐swimming predators) and temporal variability (always, often, or sometimes present) of predation. We performed this experiment in pond mesocosms using a giant water bug predator (Belostoma lutarium), an herbivorous pond snail (Physa gyrina), and algae as the basal resource. Snails greatly reduced the abundance of their algal resource when in the absence of predation. Lethal predation at low and medium intensities had significant positive indirect effects on the abundance of algae, mostly by reducing snail density. Snails responded behaviorally to high levels of deadly predation by foraging more and hiding less than in other situations, as predicted by the risk allocation hypothesis, and thus ameliorated the density‐mediated indirect effects of predators on algae. Behavioral responses to caged predators, and the subsequent trait‐mediated indirect effects, were negligible regardless of predation intensity. Our previous work has demonstrated that trait‐mediated indirect effects are weak when resources are abundant, as they were in this experiment. This work demonstrates that temporal variation in predation intensity plays a key role in determining the relative strength of TMIIs and DMIIs in an aquatic food chain.
Genetik der androgenetischen Alopezie
Authors: Brockschmidt F.F. , Hillmer A.M. , Kruse R. , Nöthen M.M. 
Published: November 2009

Zusammenfassung
Die androgenetische Alopezie (AGA, erblich- bzw. hormonbedingter Haarausfall [MIM 109200; MIM 300710; MIM 612421]) ist die häufigste Form des Haarverlusts beim Menschen, wobei die Prävalenz stark altersabhängig ist. Im Alter von über 70 Jahren sind über 80% der europäischen Männer betroffen, bei Frauen liegt die AGA-Häufigkeit mit 30–40% deutlich niedriger. Die AGA führt, v. a. bei betroffenen Frauen, zu einer erheblichen psychologischen Belastung und entfaltet dabei Krankheitswert. Der Haarverlust geht auf einen veränderten Haarzyklus und eine Miniaturisierung des Haarfollikels zurück. Die Pathogenese ist androgenabhängig, und die genetische Anlage ist wesentliche Voraussetzung für den Phänotyp. In mehreren Studien konnten der Androgenrezeptor-/Ektodysplasin-A2-Rezeptor(EDA2R)-Locus auf dem X-Chromosom als stärkster beitragender Faktor und durch genomweite Assoziationsuntersuchungen ein weiterer Locus auf Chromosom 20p11 identifiziert werden. Das zum Assoziationssignal nächstgelegene in der Kopfhaut exprimierte Gen ist „paired box 1“ (PAX1). Zwischen PAX1 und dem Androgensignalweg gibt es keine offensichtliche Verbindung, jedoch sind die dem Assoziationssignal auf Chromosom 20p11 zugrunde liegenden pathophysiologischen Prozesse noch nicht geklärt. Bis heute ermöglichen die zur Verfügung stehenden medikamentösen Therapien der AGA bestenfalls ein Aufhalten des Haarverlusts. Mit der Identifizierung der AGA-assoziierten Gene und der Aufklärung ihrer Funktionen wird man die biologischen Ursachen der AGA schrittweise erschließen. Damit ist die Hoffnung auf die Entwicklung neuer Therapien verbunden.
Influence of the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip by the abduction brace on locomotor development in children
Authors: Zgoda Marcin , Wasilewski Piotr , Wasilewska Iwona , Golicki Dominik 
Published: November 2009

Purpose To assess the influence of treating developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with the abduction brace on locomotor development in children. Methods One hundred children treated for DDH served as the study group. There were 80 girls and 20 boys. The children's average age at the beginning of the treatment was 8 weeks. The control group consisted of 100 healthy children with normal hips and without any locomotor system disorders. We have evaluated factors such as the age at which the treatment started, the duration of the treatment, the birth weight of the child and the time when the children started sitting and walking independently. Results On average, treatment with the abduction brace lasted 13 weeks (ranging from 6 to 26 weeks). The mean age at which the patients began to sit was 7 months, which was one week later compared to children from the control group ( P = 0.28). The age at which they started walking was 12 months and 2 weeks, which was 3 weeks later than in the control group ( P = 0.002). Conclusion For children with DDH, the abduction brace is a safe and effective method of treatment and, although the infants begin to walk about 3 weeks later compared to healthy children, this practice does not seriously affect the child's locomotor development.
Duration of hepatitis E viremia in pregnancy
Authors: Begum Nargis , Polipalli Sunil Kumar , Husain Syed Akhtar , Kumar Ashok , Kar Premashis 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the duration of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in pregnant and non‐pregnant women with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) or fulminant hepatic failure (FHF).MethodsA prospective study conducted with 20 pregnant women with AVH, 20 non‐pregnant women with AVH, 10 pregnant women with FHF, and 9 non‐pregnant women with FHF—all with HEV infection. The women were followed up on day 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 following recruitment for the presence of HEV‐RNA.ResultsOf the 59 patients with HEV infection, only 2 (3.4%) revealed HEV viremia at day 30 and none of the patients was viremic at day 60 and day 90. The proportion of HEV viremia in pregnant women with AVH and FHF at day 15 was significantly higher than in non‐pregnant women (88.3% vs 27.6%; P < 0.001). Similarly, HEV viremia among patients with AVH was significantly higher in pregnant women compared with non‐pregnant women (100% vs 55%; P < 0.001).ConclusionHEV viremia may be prolonged in pregnancy.
Correlation Between the Voice Handicap Index and Voice Measurements in Four Groups of Patients with Dysphonia
Authors: Schindler Antonio , Mozzanica Francesco , Vedrody Miriam , Maruzzi Patrizia , Ottaviani Francesco 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the correlation between the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and objective voice measurements in patients with dysphonia of different origin.STUDY DESIGNCross‐sectional survey.SETTINGOtolaryngology department in a university hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSOne hundred fifteen patients consulting for voice disorders were enrolled in the study: 32 presented with functional dysphonia (Group 1), 24 with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (Group 2), 30 with structural dysphonia (Group 3), and 29 with nodules (Group 4). From each patient, the maximum phonation time (MPT) and a voice spectrogram were obtained: patients with type 1 signal underwent perturbation analysis. Each patient completed the VHI.RESULTSNo significant difference across the four groups, in the VHI scores and voice measurements, was found. The correlation between the different voice measurements was good, while those between the VHI domains were very good. Considering the patients with type 1 signal (n = 80) all together, the correlations between VHI and voice laboratory measurements ranged between poor and good. Analyzing each patient group separately, good correlations were found between MPT and functional and physical VHI domain in Group 1 (r = 0.58 and 0.68), jitter and functional VHI domain in Group 2 (r = 0.61), MPT and functional VHI domain in Group 3 (r = 0.52), and physical VHI domain and jitter, shimmer, and noise‐to‐harmonic ratio in Group 4 (r = 0.58, 0.77, 0.76).CONCLUSIONThe VHI and the voice laboratory measurements give independent information. However, the correlation between VHI and some laboratory measurements increases in populations with voice disorder of the same origin.
Speech Outcome of Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy: Comparison with Total Laryngectomy and Anatomic Considerations
Authors: So Yoon Kyoung , Yun Young‐Sun , Baek Chung‐Hwan , Jeong Han‐Sin , Son Young‐Ik 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVEWe studied speech after a supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) and compared it to speech after a total laryngectomy and insertion of voice prosthesis (TL‐VP). We also determined the anatomical factors related to speech after SCPL.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGHistoric cohort study. Patients were recruited for data collection.SUBJECTS AND METHODSWe enrolled 28 patients who had undergone SCPL or TL‐VP for laryngeal cancer from 1995 to 2005 (15 with SCPL and 13 with TL‐VP). Patients had no recurrence, no respiratory problems, and were followed‐up more than one year. Using sustained vowel phonation and standard paragraph reading, maximum phonation time, maximum loudness, total time for reading the paragraph, number of syllables per breath, and speech intelligibility were tested, and the patients' self satisfaction was evaluated using the Voice Handicap Index questionnaire. In addition, we performed stroboscopic examination for the SCPL group to study the configuration of the neoglottis during phonation.RESULTSMaximum phonation time was longer in the TL‐VP group than in the SCPL group (P = 0.048). There was no significant difference in the other parameters between the groups. With stroboscopic examination, we observed widely variable findings with reference to arytenoid mobility, mucosal vibration, and neoglottic occlusion in the SCPL group.CONCLUSIONSSpeech after SCPL was not better than speech after TL‐VP and was widely variable. The configuration of the neoglottis during phonation in the SCPL group was also variable. We believe that some technical refinement during the operation could improve speech outcome after SCPL.
Comparing Quality at an Ambulatory Surgery Center and a Hospital‐Based Facility: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Grisel Jedidiah , Arjmand Ellis 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVETo measure the quality of outpatient surgery in an ambulatory surgery center (ASC) compared to a hospital‐based facility (HBF) in a multidimensional manner.STUDY DESIGNCross‐sectional survey based on chart review.SETTINGPediatric academic health center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSA total of 486 cases were reviewed. Procedures were performed at either an ASC (n = 275) or an HBF (n = 211). Cases comprised four procedure types: ventilation tube insertion (ASC, n = 126; HBF, n = 108), dental rehabilitation (ASC, n = 89; HBF, n = 58), adenotonsillectomy (ASC, n = 37; HBF, n = 34), and ventilation tube insertion/adenoidectomy (ASC, n = 23; HBF, n = 11). Measures were developed for five categories: safety, patient‐centeredness, timeliness, efficiency, and equitability. Performance was compared between facilities.RESULTSThe ASC had no unexpected safety events (0/275) compared to nine events (9/211) at the HBF. Tonsil bleed rates were 0 percent (0/37) at the ASC compared to 5.9 percent (2/34) at the HBF. Patient satisfaction was similar between facilities (ASC, n = 64; HBF, n = 35). Differences in timeliness approached 30 percent. A total of 77 percent of ASC cases finished within the scheduled time compared to 38 percent at the HBF. Total charges were 12 to 23 percent less at the ASC. Patients treated at the ASC generally lived in wealthier neighborhoods.CONCLUSIONPerformance at the ASC generally exceeded that at the HBF. Future research should investigate how perioperative processes result in these quality differences. Health policy implications are discussed.
Palatine Tonsil Size and its Correlation with Subjective Tonsil Size in Patients with Sleep‐Disordered Breathing
Authors: Wang Jong Hwan , Chung Yoo‐Sam , Jang Yong Ju , Lee Bong‐Jae 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation of subjective tonsil size with real palatine tonsil size and to compare the differences of each parameter according to subjective tonsil size and between children and adults.STUDY DESIGNProspective evaluation of subjective tonsil size (0–4+) and real palatine tonsil size, including tonsil height (TH), tonsil width (TW), tonsil thickness (TT), total tonsil volume (TTV), and embedded tonsil volume (ETV) within the tonsillar fossa.SETTINGTertiary‐care rhinologic clinic.SUBJECTS AND METHODSWe measured TH, TW, TT, TTV, and ETV in 277 children and 63 adults with sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB).RESULTSIn both children and adults, subjective tonsil size was significantly correlated with TTV, TH, TW, and TT (correlation coefficients 0.199–0.427 for children and 0.462–0.551 for adults). In children, TTV increased in proportion to subjective tonsil size, but about 45 percent and 34 percent of tonsils markedly deviated from the mean value of their TTV in size 2 and 3 groups, respectively. In adults, TTV of subjective tonsil size 3 and 4 groups was significantly larger than that of size 1 and 2 groups.CONCLUSIONSReal palatine tonsil size correlated with subjective tonsil size in both children and adults with SDB. Although there is a statistical correlation in children between TTV and subjective tonsil size, there is significant discordance in size 2 and 3 groups, thus greatly limiting the value of subjective tonsil size assessment in the majority of children. However, adult subjective tonsil size may reflect real palatine tonsil size and may help predict it preoperatively.
Perceptual Evaluation and Acoustic Analysis of Pneumatic Artificial Larynx
Authors: Xu Jie Jie , Chen Xi , Lu Mei Ping , Qiao Ming Zhe 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVETo investigate the perceptual and acoustic characteristics of the pneumatic artificial larynx (PAL) and evaluate its speech ability and clinical value.STUDY DESIGNProspective study.SETTINGThe study was conducted in the Voice Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.SUBJECTS AND METHODSForty‐six laryngectomy patients using the PAL were rated for intelligibility and fluency of speech. The voice signals of sustained vowel /a/ for 40 healthy controls and 42 successful patients using the PAL were measured by a computer system. The acoustic parameters and sound spectrographs were analyzed and compared between the two groups.RESULTSForty‐two of 46 patients using the PAL (91.3%) acquired successful speech capability. The intelligibility scores of 42 successful PAL speakers ranged from 71 to 95 percent, and the intelligibility range of four unsuccessful speakers was 30 to 50 percent. The fluency was judged as good or excellent in 42 successful patients, and poor or fair in four unsuccessful patients. There was no significant difference in average fundamental frequency, maximum intensity, jitter, shimmer, and normalized noise energy (NNE) between 42 successful PAL speakers and 40 healthy controls, while the maximum phonation time (MPT) of PAL speakers was slightly lower than that of the controls. The sound spectrographs of the patients using the PAL approximated those of the healthy controls.CONCLUSIONThe PAL has the advantage of a high percentage of successful vocal rehabilitation. PAL speech is fluent and intelligible. The acoustic characteristics of the PAL are similar to those of a normal voice.
The Role of Intraoperative Auditory Brainstem Response Testing for Infants and Difficult‐To‐Test Children
Authors: Yorgason Joshua G. , Park Albert H. , Sturgill Nanette , Grimmer Johannes Fredrik , Alder Stephen C. 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVETo assess the validity of intraoperative auditory brainstem response in infants and difficult‐to‐treat older children.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGTertiary‐level children's hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSTwenty‐six patients were identified (mean age, 20 ± 18 months) who underwent both intraoperative auditory brainstem response (ioABR) testing and a follow‐up hearing evaluation at five (standard deviation 4) months. Ears were analyzed separately for mean threshold change, and a sub‐analysis was performed accounting for the presence or absence of fluid at the time of surgery.RESULTSA paired t test analysis indicated a statistically significant difference at 1 kHz. There was not a statistically significant difference between the two groups with click or 4‐kHz testing. Fifteen ears (58%) at 1 kHz and 17 ears (49%) at 4 kHz frequencies, however, improved by 10 dB or more; 67 percent and 65 percent of these ears, respectively, had middle ear fluid intraoperatively. Eight ears (35%) in the click ABR group had a similar improvement, four of which had fluid at the time of surgery. Four ears in the 1‐kHz (11.5%), in the 4‐kHz (11.4%), and in the click ABR group (17.4%) demonstrated a 10‐dB or worse threshold. The range of the discrepancy varied from a worsening in thresholds up to 20 dB and improvement in thresholds up to 45 dB.CONCLUSIONSWe observed a significant discrepancy between ioABR and follow‐up hearing thresholds. If ioABR indicates a hearing loss, audiologic testing should be performed at least several weeks later to confirm the results.
Histological Differentiation of Primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas in an Area of Betel Quid Chewing Prevalence
Authors: Fang Ku‐Hao , Kao Huang‐Kai , Cheng Ming‐Hui , Chang Yu‐Liang , Tsang Ngan‐Ming , Huang Yu‐Chen , Lee Li‐Yu , Yu Jau‐Song , Hao Sheng‐Po , Chang Kai‐Ping 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVESThis study evaluated associations between the histological differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma and additional clinicopathological manifestations, adverse events after treatment, and the outcomes of patients in a region prevalent for betel quid chewing.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGTertiary referral center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSA total of 150 patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinomas who underwent surgery with or without adjuvant therapy were enrolled.RESULTSWell, moderate, and poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas were reported in 54 (36%), 84 (56%), and 12 (8%) patients, respectively. There were no significant differences among different histological differentiations in age, sex, tumor, node, metastasis stage, bone invasion, depth of invasion, and history of carcinogen exposure. However, we found significant associations between tumor histological differentiation and nodal metastasis (P < 0.0001), extracapsular spread (P = 0.002), and perineural invasion (P < 0.0001). In the analysis of adverse events for survival during patient follow‐up, oral squamous cell carcinomas with poor differentiation had a higher probability of developing neck recurrence (P = 0.001) and distant metastasis (P = 0.019), but not local recurrence or a second primary cancer. For survival analysis, univariate analysis showed that patient age, tumor stage, extracapsular spread, presence of perineural invasion, and tumor differentiation were significant factors. Multivariate analysis further demonstrated that poor differentiation (P = 0.007) was still a statistically significant factor.CONCLUSIONThe current study demonstrates that poorer tumor histological classifications of oral squamous cell carcinoma are significantly associated with positive nodal status, extracapsular spread, perineural invasion of primary tumors, and the probability of developing neck recurrence and distant metastasis after treatment.