bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Microscopy in Forensic Science
Authors: Wilson Lori J. , Wheeler Barbara P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe microscope maintains a prominent position as an important tool for examination of trace amounts of evidence. The microscope is used by forensic scientists to locate, isolate, identify, and compare samples. Because of its low magnification, wide field of view, large working distance, and stereoscopic vision, the stereomicroscope is used for preliminary evidence evaluations. It also allows for comparative examinations for evidence such as paint, physical matches, questioned documents, and impression evidence. While the main advantage of the polarizing light microscope (PLM) is its use in the identification of samples, it is also used for comparison. The PLM offers higher magnification and provides information on the morphological, optical, chemical, and physical properties of the sample. Morphological properties are often used to identify and compare fibrous evidence such as human and animal hair as well as man‐made and natural fibers. Optical properties such as refractive index, birefringence, pleochroism, and interference figures are combined with morphological properties to compare and identify forensic samples. Particle identification and microcrystalline testing can be used to determine the chemical properties of various types of evidence. Finally, physical properties such as color, solubility, melting point, and boiling points can also be used to identify and compare forensic samples.
Microcrystalline Tests in Forensic Drug Analysis
Authors: Elie Mathieu P. , Elie Leonie E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDrug detection in the forensic context requires numerous analytical techniques. Depending on locally adopted standard procedures, different techniques are used for screening solid samples for potential illicit substances (e.g. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)). A sample suspected of containing prohibited material passes through another layer of techniques to confirm that the illegal substance is present and to identify it (e.g. liquid/gas chromatography). Finally, the drug is systematically quantified (e.g. mass spectrometry). Microcrystalline tests fall within the second step of this analytical process. They are low cost because of the minute amount of reagents used and the simplicity of the instrumentation and consumables required to perform the analysis. They offer all the features required by a good confirmation technique while being very fast to administer and interpret, although they do not offer quantification capabilities.Microcrystalline tests are chemical tests resulting in the formation of unique microcrystals for a given substance when combined with a specific reagent. Microcrystals are observed under a microscope and micrographs or microvideos constitute the results of the test.Thanks to the chemical mechanism by which microcrystals develop, microcrystalline tests can be applied to molecules of various sizes, shapes, charges, and with different functional groups, and can naturally distinguish between enantiomers.
Limit of Quantitation in Atomic Spectrometry–Concepts and Definitions
Authors: Mermet Jean‐Michel 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Classical definition of the limit of quantitation (LOQ) based on 10 times the standard deviation (SD) of the blank fluctuations is described in terms of relation with the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of guarantee of purity (LOG), including the use of hypothesis testing. Reliability of the determination of the SD of the blank is discussed in terms of Gaussian distribution, possible presence of outliers, and influence of the number of replicates. Following norms, various concepts of precision are defined, namely, instrumental repeatability, method repeatability, intermediate precision, and within‐ and between‐laboratory reproducibility. Trend to include systematic and random errors in the concept of LOQ is described with a discussion about the past and present meaning of accuracy. Because of the need to have a signal‐to‐concentration conversion, limitations resulting from the calibration graph are given.
Time‐Sequenced Prompt γ Neutron Activation Analysis
Authors: Mitra Sudeep 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTime‐sequenced prompt‐ γ neutron activation analysis is a powerful nondestructive, elemental analysis tool that exploits the temporal characteristics of a nuclear reaction to enhance the capability for multielemental analyses. Usually, it encompasses a 14‐MeV neutron generator (NG), pulsed at a suitable frequency, such that the fast‐neutron‐induced reactions that occur concurrently with the neutron pulse are separated in time from slow neutron‐capture reactions that are delayed by the thermalization time of neutrons in the matrix of the interrogated sample. Time‐sequenced data acquisition, operating synchronously with the pulsing of the NG, partitions the characteristic elemental prompt γ‐rays according to the type of the reaction. In another approach, the so‐called associated particle technique, a specialized NG with a built‐in α particle detector exploits the deuterium–tritium fusion reaction that emits a 14‐MeV neutron and an α particle back‐to‐back. The direction of the neutron is deduced from detecting the α particle. This tagged neutron interacts with the interrogated object's nuclei and generates element‐specific prompt γ‐rays that are delayed by the neutron's time of flight. Detecting these γ‐rays concurrently with the α particles enables the investigator to identify the element with vastly improved signal‐to‐noise ratios compared to the pulsed technique, and helps to determine the site of origin of the particular γ‐ray.
Enzyme‐Based Nanoscale Composites for Use as Active Decontamination Surfaces
Authors: Dinu Cerasela Zoica , Zhu Guangyu , Bale Shyam Sundhar , Anand Gaurav , Reeder Philippa J. , Sanford Karl , Whited Gregg , Kane Ravi S. , Dordick Jonathan S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPerhydrolase S54V (AcT) effectively catalyzes the perhydrolysis of propylene glycol diacetate (PGD) to generate peracetic acid (PAA). PAA is a potent oxidant used for sanitization and disinfection, with broad effectiveness against bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and spores. In this study, active and stable composites are developed by incorporating AcT–carbon nanotube conjugates into polymer and latex‐based paint. At a conjugate loading of 0.16% (w/v), the composite generated 11 mM PAA in 20 min, capable of killing more than 99% spores initially charged at 106 colony‐forming units per milliliter.
Comparison of activity coefficient models for electrolyte systems
Authors: Lin Yi , Kate Antoon ten , Mooijer Miranda , Delgado Javier , Fosbøl Philip Loldrup , Thomsen Kaj 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree activity coefficient models for electrolyte solutions were evaluated and compared. The activity coefficient models are: The electrolyte NRTL model (ElecNRTL) by Aspentech, the mixed solvent electrolyte model (MSE) by OLI Systems, and the Extended UNIQUAC model from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). Test systems containing a single salt (NaCl), multiple salts, and mixed solvent aqueous electrolyte solutions were chosen. The performance of the activity coefficient models were compared regarding the accuracy of solid–liquid and vapor–liquid equilibrium calculations for the test systems. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Importance of NADPH supply for improved L‐valine formation in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Bartek Tobias , Blombach Bastian , Zönnchen Enrico , Makus Pia , Lang Siegmund , Eikmanns Bernhard J. , Oldiges Marco 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCofactor recycling is known to be crucial for amino acid synthesis. Hence, cofactor supply was now analyzed for L‐valine to identify new targets for an improvement of production. The central carbon metabolism was analyzed by stoichiometric modeling to estimate the influence of cofactors and to quantify the theoretical yield of L‐valine on glucose. Three different optimal routes for L‐valine biosynthesis were identified by elementary mode (EM) analysis. The modes differed mainly in the manner of NADPH regeneration, substantiating that the cofactor supply may be crucial for efficient L‐valine production. Although the isocitrate dehydrogenase as an NADPH source within the tricarboxylic acid cycle only enables an L‐valine yield of YVal/Glc = 0.5 mol L‐valine/mol glucose (mol Val/mol Glc), the pentose phosphate pathway seems to be the most promising NADPH source. Based on the theoretical calculation of EMs, the gene encoding phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) was deleted to achieve this EM with a theoretical yield YVal/Glc = 0.86 mol Val/mol Glc during the production phase. The intracellular NADPH concentration was significantly increased in the PGI‐deficient mutant. L‐Valine yield increased from 0.49 ± 0.13 to 0.67 ± 0.03 mol Val/mol Glc, and, concomitantly, the formation of by‐products such as pyruvate was reduced. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Communications between the palmar digital branches of the median and ulnar nerves: A study in human fetuses and a review of the literature
Authors: Unver Dogan Nadire , Uysal Ismihan Ilknur , Karabulut Ahmet Kagan , Seker Muzaffer , Ziylan Taner 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this study, median nerves (MNs) and ulnar nerves (UNs) were dissected in 200 palmar sides of hands (left and right) of 100 (50 male, 50 female) spontaneously aborted fetuses with no detectable malformations. The fetuses, whose gestational ages ranged from 13 to 40 weeks, were dissected under an operating microscope. The MN divided first into a lateral ramus and a medial ramus and then formed a common digital nerve. The first common digital nerve trifurcated in all of the studied cases. The branching patterns were classified into two types (Type 1 and Type 2) based on the relationship with the flexor retinaculum (behind/distal of it). A communication branch between the UNs and MNs in the palmar surface of the hand was found in 59 hands (29.5%). The proper palmar digital nerves were numbered from p1 to p10, starting from the radial half of the thumb to the ulnar half of the little finger, and these nerves exhibited six types of variations. The present data obtained from human fetuses will aid in elucidating the developmental anatomy of the nervous system and provide hand surgeons with a more complete anatomical picture to help them to avoid iatrogenic injuries. Clin. Anat. 23:234–241, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Endohedral Metalloborofullerenes La2@B80 andSc3N@B80: A Density Functional Theory Prediction.
Authors: Jin Peng , Hao Ce , Gao Zhanxian , Zhang Shengbai B. , Chen Zhongfang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Photoluminescence Characteristics of a New Promising Red NUV Phosphor CaTiO3:Eu3+.
Authors: Fu Jiapeng , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Proton Conduction in BaCe1‐xGdxO3‐α at Intermediate Temperature and Its Application to Synthesis of Ammonia at Atmospheric Pressure.
Authors: Chen Cheng , Ma Guilin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4: An Advanced Cathode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries.
Authors: Martha Surendra K. , Grinblat Judith , Haik Ortal , Zinigrad Ella , Drezen Thierry , Miners James H. , Exnar Ivan , Kay Andreas , Markovsky Boris , Aurbach Doron 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fabrication of CaFe2O4/MgFe2O4 Bulk Heterojunction for Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalysis.
Authors: Kim Hyun Gyu , Borse Pramod H. , Jang Jum Suk , Jeong Euh Duck , Jung Ok‐Sang , Suh Yong Jae , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Si94‐ Anions in Solution — Structures of the Solvates Rb4Si9·4.75NH3 and [Rb(18‐crown‐6)]Rb3Si9·4NH3, and Chemical Bonding in Si94‐.
Authors: Joseph Stefanie , Suchentrunk Christof , Kraus Florian , Korber Nikolaus 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Organically Templated Vanadium Tellurites: (H2pn)[V2TeO8] (pn Is Propane‐1,3‐diamine).
Authors: Huang Xihe , Liu Zhongqian , Huang Changcang , Shen Lijuan , Yan Xiaobao 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Cyclodimerization and Cyclotrimerization of Acetals Bearing Electron‐Withdrawing Groups Catalyzed by Lewis Acids.
Authors: Maeda Sayuki , Obora Yasushi , Ishii Yasutaka 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Borylative Ring Opening of Vinyl Epoxides and Aziridines.
Authors: Crotti Stefano , Bertolini Ferruccio , Macchia Franco , Pineschi Mauro 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ketoximes to N‐Substituted Thioamides via PSCl3 Mediated Beckmann Rearrangement.
Authors: Pathak Uma , Pandey Lokesh Kumar , Mathur Sweta , Suryanarayana M. V. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols Using a Hydrotalcite‐Supported Gold Nanoparticle Catalyst.
Authors: Mitusdome Takato , Noujima Akifumi , Mizugaki Tomoo , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Kaneda Kiyotomi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ammonia‐Free Birch Reductions with Sodium Stabilized in Silica Gel, Na—SG(1).
Authors: Costanzo Michael J. , Patel Mitul N. , Petersen Kathryn A. , Vogt Paul F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Bromohydrins from Olefins under HBr/H2O2 System by Visible Light Induced.
Authors: Tang Rui Ren , Gong Nian Hua 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: TBAF‐Assisted Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation and Benzylation of Benzazoles with Aryl and Benzyl Halides under the Ligand/Base/Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Lee Hyung‐Geun , Won Ju‐Eun , Kim Min‐Jung , Park Song‐Eun , Jung Kwang‐Ju , Kim Bo Ram , Lee Sang‐Gyeong , Yoon Yong‐Jin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis of Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions by a Tricyclic Aluminum Alkoxide Lewis Acid.
Authors: Raders Steven M. , Verkade John G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Potassium β‐Trifluoroborato Amides in Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Jean‐Gerard Ludivine 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Asymmetric Addition of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to Nitroalkenes in a Doubly Stereocontrolled Manner Catalyzed by Bifunctional Rosin‐Derived Amine Thiourea Catalysts.
Authors: Jiang Xianxing , Zhang Yifu , Liu Xing , Zhang Gen , Lai Luhao , Wu Lipeng , Zhang Jiannan , Wang Rui 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminocarbonylations of Alkenyl Phosphates, Chlorides, Bromides, and Triflates with Mo(CO)6 as a Solid CO Source.
Authors: Lagerlund Olof , Mantel Mette L. H. , Larhed Mats 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ketones from Carboxylic Acids with R(PrNH)Mg.
Authors: Ohki Maria , Asaoka Morio 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Novel Barbituric Acid and 1,3‐Cyclohexanedione Based Condensed Heterocycles.
Authors: Sachar Anand , Gupta Poonam , Gupta Shallu , Sharma R. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkanes to an Acrylate Equivalent. Stereocontrol at C‐α of the Nitro Group Through Double Catalytic Activation.
Authors: Garcia Jesus M. , Maestro Miguel A. , Oiarbide Mikel , Odriozola Jose M. , Razkin Jesus , Palomo Claudio 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis and Highly Diastereoselective Diels—Alder Reactions of 1‐Alkylthio‐3‐silyloxybutadienes.
Authors: Holmes Janice M. , Albert Andrea L. , Gravel Michel 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Easy Access to trans‐2,3‐Disubstituted Cyclobutanones, 2,4,5‐Trisubstituted 3,6‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyrans and cis‐Substituted Phenylcyclopropylsulfones by Using the Highly Versatile 1‐Phenylsulfenyl‐ or 1‐Phenylsulfonyl‐cyclopropylketones.
Authors: Alberti Guido , Bernard Angela M. , Floris Costantino , Frongia Angelo , Piras Pier P. , Secci Francesco , Spiga Marco 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral 2‐Phospha[3]ferrocenophanes and Their Behavior as Organocatalysts in [3 + 2] Cyclization Reactions.
Authors: Voituriez Arnaud , Panossian Armen , Fleury‐Bregeot Nicolas , Retailleau Pascal , Marinetti Angela 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.