bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond order‐based nursing workload: A retrospective cohort study in intensive care units
Authors: Chen Yi , Chan Carri W. , Dong Jing , Jackson Emily M. , Yip Natalie H. , Rossetti Sarah C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn order to be positioned to address the increasing strain of burnout and worsening nurse shortage, a better understanding of factors that contribute to nursing workload is required. This study aims to examine the difference between order‐based and clinically perceived nursing workloads and to quantify factors that contribute to a higher clinically perceived workload.DesignA retrospective cohort study was used on an observational dataset.MethodsWe combined patient flow, nurse staffing and assignment, and workload intensity data and used multivariate linear regression to analyze how various shift, patient, and nurse‐level factors, beyond order‐based workload, affect nurses' clinically perceived workload.ResultsAmong 53% of our samples, the clinically perceived workload is higher than the order‐based workload. Factors associated with a higher clinically perceived workload include weekend or night shifts, shifts with a higher census, patients within the first 24 h of admission, and male patients.ConclusionsThe order‐based workload measures tended to underestimate nurses' clinically perceived workload. We identified and quantified factors that contribute to a higher clinically perceived workload, discussed the potential mechanisms as to how these factors affect the clinically perceived workload, and proposed targeted interventions to better manage nursing workload.Clinical RelevanceBy identifying factors associated with a high clinically perceived workload, the nurse manager can provide appropriate interventions to lighten nursing workload, which may further reduce the risk of nurse burnout and shortage.
Documentation of social determinants of health across individuals from different racial and ethnic groups in home healthcare
Authors: Hobensack Mollie , Scharp Danielle , Song Jiyoun , Topaz Maxim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionHome healthcare (HHC) enables patients to receive healthcare services within their homes to manage chronic conditions and recover from illnesses. Recent research has identified disparities in HHC based on race or ethnicity. Social determinants of health (SDOH) describe the external factors influencing a patient's health, such as access to care and social support. Individuals from racially or ethnically minoritized communities are known to be disproportionately affected by SDOH. Existing evidence suggests that SDOH are documented in clinical notes. However, no prior study has investigated the documentation of SDOH across individuals from different racial or ethnic backgrounds in the HHC setting. This study aimed to (1) describe frequencies of SDOH documented in clinical notes by race or ethnicity and (2) determine associations between race or ethnicity and SDOH documentation.DesignRetrospective data analysis.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional secondary data analysis of 86,866 HHC episodes representing 65,693 unique patients from one large HHC agency in New York collected between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017. We reported the frequency of six SDOH (physical environment, social environment, housing and economic circumstances, food insecurity, access to care, and education and literacy) documented in clinical notes across individuals reported as Asian/Pacific Islander, Black, Hispanic, multi‐racial, Native American, or White. We analyzed differences in SDOH documentation by race or ethnicity using logistic regression models.ResultsCompared to patients reported as White, patients across other racial or ethnic groups had higher frequencies of SDOH documented in their clinical notes. Our results suggest that race or ethnicity is associated with SDOH documentation in HHC.ConclusionAs the study of SDOH in HHC continues to evolve, our results provide a foundation to evaluate social information in the HHC setting and understand how it influences the quality of care provided.Clinical RelevanceThe results of this exploratory study can help clinicians understand the differences in SDOH across individuals from different racial and ethnic groups and serve as a foundation for future research aimed at fostering more inclusive HHC documentation practices.
A 3D geometric morphometric analysis of the bovid distal humerus, with special reference to Rusingoryx atopocranion (Pleistocene, Eastern Africa)
Authors: Anderson Sophia C. , Kovarovic Kris , Barr W. Andrew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe family Bovidae [Mammalia: Artiodactyla] is speciose and has extant representatives on every continent, forming key components of mammal communities. For these reasons, bovids are ideal candidates for studies of ecomorphology. In particular, the morphology of the bovid humerus has been identified as highly related to functional variables such as body mass and habitat. This study investigates the functional morphology of the bovid distal humerus in isolation due to its increased likelihood of preservation in the fossil record, and the resulting opportunity for a better understanding of the ecomorphology of extinct bovids. A landmark scheme of 30 landmarks was used to capture the 3D distal humerus morphology in 111 extant bovid specimens. We find that the distal humerus has identifiable morphologies associated with body mass, habitat preference and tribe affiliation and that some characteristics are shared between high body mass bovids and those living on hard, flat terrain which is likely due to the high stress on the bone in both cases. We directly apply our findings regarding extant bovids to the extinct alcelaphine bovid, Rusingoryx atopocranion from the mid to late Pleistocene (>33–45 ka) Lake Victoria region of Kenya. This species is known for some peculiar morphologies including a domed cranium with hollow nasal crests, and having small hooves for a bovid of its size. Another interesting aspect of Rusingoryx's skeletal morphology which has not been addressed is an unusual protrusion on the lateral epicondyle of the distal humerus. Despite considerable individual variation in the Rusingoryx specimens, we find evidence to support its historical assignment to the tribe Alcelaphini, and that it likely preferred open grassland habitats, which is consistent with independent reconstructions of the palaeoenvironment. We also provide the most accurate body mass estimate for Rusingoryx to date, based on distal humerus centroid size. Overall, we are able to conclude that the distal humerus in extant bovids is highly informative regarding body mass, habitat preference and tribe, and that this can be applied directly to a fossil taxon with promising results.
Leaders' individualized consideration, team commitment and patient loyalty: The role of social and task‐related contexts
Authors: Tang Wei‐Gang , Stordeur Sabine , Vandenberghe Christian , D'hoore William 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDrawing from transformational leadership (TFL) theory and research on contextual leadership, we examined a conditional process model of leadership in nursing teams to predict patient loyalty. Using TFL's individualized consideration dimension as a salient facet of the construct in care services, we first posited that nurses' team affective commitment would partially mediate the impact of nurse leadership. We further conceptualized nurse–physician collaboration, organizational formalization and task feedback as discrete contexts that may curb the influence of head nurses' individualized consideration. In a three‐wave, multisource and multilevel study, we surveyed 654 nurses and 1770 patients from 91 hospital units. We found that team‐level head nurses' individualized consideration positively and partially related to patient loyalty through nurses' team commitment and that higher levels of nurse–physician collaboration, organizational formalization and task feedback were associated with reduced influence of individualized consideration on team commitment and patient loyalty. We discuss the implications of these findings for advancing theory and research on TFL and contextual factors of leadership.
A mandibular advancement device attenuates the abnormal morphology and function of mitochondria from the genioglossus in obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome rabbits
Authors: Liu Chunyan , Zhang Shilong , Zhu Dechao , Fan Dengying , Zhu Yahui , Kang Wenjing , Lu Haiyan , Wang Jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a serious and potentially life‐threatening disease. Mandibular advancement device (MAD) has the characteristics of non‐invasive, comfortable, portable and low‐cost, making it the preferred treatment for mild‐to‐moderate OSAHS. Our previous studies found that abnormal contractility and fibre type distribution of the genioglossus could be caused by OSAHS. However, whether the mitochondria participate in these tissue changes is unclear. The effect of MAD treatment on the mitochondria of the genioglossus in OSAHS is also uncertain.ObjectiveTo examine the morphology and function of mitochondria from the genioglossus in a rabbit model of obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), as well as these factors after insertion of a mandibular advancement device (MAD).MethodsThirty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomised into three groups: control, OSAHS and MAD, with 10 rabbits in each group. Animals in Group OSAHS and Group MAD were induced to develop OSAHS by injection of gel into the submucosal muscular layer of the soft palate. The rabbits in Group MAD were fitted with a MAD. The animals in the control group were not treated. Further, polysomnography (PSG) and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan were used to measure MAD effectiveness. CBCT of the upper airway and PSG suggested that MAD was effective. Rabbits in the three groups were induced to sleep for 4–6 h per day for eight consecutive weeks. The genioglossus was harvested and detected by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Mitochondrial complex I and IV activities were detected by mitochondrial complex assay kits.ResultsOSAHS‐like symptoms were induced successfully in Group OSAHS and rescued by MAD treatment. The relative values of the mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial complex I activity and complex IV activity were significantly lower in Group OSAHS than in the control group; however, there was no significant difference between Group MAD and the control group. The OSAHS‐induced injury and the dysfunctional mitochondria of the genioglossus muscle were reduced by MAD treatment.ConclusionDamaged mitochondrial structure and function were induced by OSAHS and could be attenuated by MAD treatment.
Settling selection of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for samarium uptake
Authors: Martinez‐Alesón García Paloma , García‐Balboa Camino , López‐Rodas Victoria , Costas Eduardo , Baselga‐Cervera Beatriz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSamarium (Sm) is a rare‐earth element recently included in the list of critical elements due to its vital role in emerging new technologies. With an increasing demand for Sm, microbial bioremediation may provide a cost‐effective and a more ecologically responsible alternative to remove and recover Sm. We capitalized on a previously selected Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain tolerant to Sm (1.33 × 10−4 M) and acidic pH and carried out settling selection to increase the Sm uptake performance. We observed a rapid response to selection in terms of cellular phenotype. Cellular size decreased and circularity increased in a stepwise manner with every cycle of selection. After four cycles of selection, the derived CSm4 strain was significantly smaller and was capable of sequestrating 41% more Sm per cell (1.7 × 10−05 ± 1.7 × 10−06 ng) and twice as much Sm in terms of wet biomass (4.0 ± 0.4 mg Sm · g−1) compared to the ancestral candidate strain. The majority (~70%) of the Sm was bioaccumulated intracellularly, near acidocalcisomes or autophagic vacuoles as per TEM‐EDX microanalyses. However, Sm analyses suggest a stronger response toward bioabsorption resulting from settling selection. Despite working with Sm and pH‐tolerant strains, we observed an effect on fitness and photosynthesis inhibition when the strains were grown with Sm. Our results clearly show that phenotypic selection, such as settling selection, can significantly enhance Sm uptake. Laboratory selection of microalgae for rare‐earth metal bioaccumulation and sorption can be a promising biotechnological approach.
Clinical and computed tomography findings in cats with nasopharyngeal stenosis
Authors: Mestrinho L. , Fonseca R. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesConcurrent anomalies are often found in nasopharyngeal stenosis and choanal atresia; some seem to be of primary nature, whereas others may be coincidental. This study aimed to report the computed tomography features and related comorbidities of these diseases.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional retrospective study was performed using case and control groups defined according to the presence of signs of upper airway disease and the presence/absence of nasopharyngeal stenosis, respectively. The inclusion criteria were full‐head tomography scans and access to clinical records. The exclusion criteria were brachycephalic breed, head trauma and neoplasm. Clinical and computed tomographic findings and relevant comorbidities were recorded.ResultsForty‐three cats were included, 23 cases and 20 controls. The case group was significantly younger, had more paranasal sinus anomalies and never had turbinate lysis, also, had significantly more soft palate anomalies, which was significantly shorter. Nasopharyngeal stenosis varied from membrane appearance to partial or complete adhesion of the soft palate to the nasopharynx, was mainly located in the caudal region of the nasopharynx and was imperforated in approximately half of the cases. Imperforated membranes were significantly thicker in the sagittal plane and were significantly associated with nasal obstruction and soft tissue attenuation of the tympanic bulla. Hiatal hernia and ventricular asymmetry were only encountered in three and two cases, respectively, with nasopharyngeal stenosis.Clinical SignificanceComputed tomography in cats with nasopharyngeal stenosis can identify concurrent anomalies, can help to differentiate a possible choanal atresia and evaluate the magnitude of its significance.
Manganese‐dependent transcription regulation by MntR and PerR in Thermus thermophilusHB8
Authors: Barrows John K. , Stubbs Kamya A. , Padilla‐Montoya Irina F. , Leeper Thomas C. , Van Dyke Michael W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBacteria contain conserved mechanisms to control the intracellular levels of metal ions. Metalloregulatory transcription factors bind metal cations and play a central role in regulating gene expression of metal transporters. Often, these transcription factors regulate transcription by binding to a specific DNA sequence in the promoter region of target genes. Understanding the preferred DNA‐binding sequence for transcriptional regulators can help uncover novel gene targets and provide insight into the biological role of the transcription factor in the host organism. Here, we identify consensus DNA‐binding sequences and subsequent transcription regulatory networks for two metalloregulators from the ferric uptake regulator (FUR) and diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR) superfamilies in Thermus thermophilus HB8. By homology search, we classify the DtxR homolog as a manganese‐specific, MntR (TtMntR), and the FUR homolog as a peroxide‐sensing, PerR (TtPerR). Both transcription factors repress separate ZIP transporter genes in vivo, and TtPerR acts as a bifunctional transcription regulator by activating the expression of ferric and hemin transport systems. We show TtPerR and TtMntR bind DNA in the presence of manganese in vitro and in vivo; however, TtPerR is unable to bind DNA in the presence of iron, likely due to iron‐mediated histidine oxidation. Unlike canonical PerR homologs, TtPerR does not appear to contribute to peroxide detoxification. Instead, the TtPerR regulon and DNA binding sequence are more reminiscent of Fur or Mur homologs. Collectively, these results highlight the similarities and differences between two metalloregulatory superfamilies and underscore the interplay of manganese and iron in transcription factor regulation.
Pediatric anesthesia in China
Authors: Zhang Liu , Xie Deying , Li Bo , Lei Dongxu , Zhu Bo , Hu Jing , Zheng Jijian , Zhang Jianmin , Xu Ying , Zuo Yunxia , Song Xingrong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn China, healthcare has lagged relative to its economic boom during the past 40 years. While the top tier hospitals offer pediatric perioperative care like high‐income countries, lower‐tier hospitals deliver lesser services of variable quality and safety related to equipment, supplies, clinician education, and availability. The national residency training program and the pediatric anesthesia fellowship program was established in 2013 and 2018 respectively. Increasing clinician workload from patient demand and a lack of consistency in quality and capability between rural and urban areas remain challenging.
Association between the transition to metabolically unhealthy obesity and lifestyle behavior: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lee HyunHae , Shin Hyerine , Chung Yoongi , Kim Ji‐Su 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the characteristics of individuals transitioning from metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) to unhealthy obesity and the factors influencing the change.DesignThis is a nationwide cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea.SampleIndividuals with obesity but metabolically healthy in 2009 and 2010 and those still obese 4 years later were selected.MeasurementsSociodemographic, physical, metabolic, and health behavior variables were collected, and logistic regression was used to find an association with the transition.ResultsWe analyzed 1,564,467 individuals, observing significant differences in all variables and the transition from MHO to unhealthy obesity. Among males, the transition was associated with smoking and drinking positively and physical activity negatively. Among females, drinking demonstrated a negative correlation. Regardless of age, regular exercise was negatively associated with the transition for all individuals. Except for older adults, all age groups showed a positive correlation with smoking and drinking.ConclusionsConsidering the significant factors in the transition, it is essential to develop and implement interventions varied by gender and age to delay and prevent the change in metabolic status. The necessity of developing interventions enables individuals to engage in regular exercise, regardless of age and gender.
Status threat: The core of reactionary politics
Authors: Parker Christopher Sebastian , Lavine Howard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, reactionary movements have overtaken the politics of western democracies and developing countries alike. Using the United States is a case in point, we offer a theory of what motivates reactionary movements. While controlling for conventional individual‐level accounts of reactionary psychological dispositions, we offer a fresh explanation: status threat. We argue that status threat, a reaction to rapid sociocultural change on the part of dominant groups, pushes some members of these groups into joining and supporting reactionary movements and parties, respectively. We first outline the social psychology of the group (White, Christian, patriarchal, native born, heteronormative) that animates a movement (MAGA) that, in turn, has taken over a party (the GOP). We then test a wide range of hypotheses using two original data sets, finding robust evidence to support our claim: status threat is a major source of the increasing fractionalization of American society and politics, one that threatens American democracy.
Accounting for the association between socioeconomic status and youth political participation: A twin family study
Authors: Zapko‐Willmes Alexandra , Theocharis Yannis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolitical participation (PP) has been found to be associated with socioeconomic status (SES) indicators, most strongly with educational attainment. At the same time, previous research has been inconclusive regarding potentially biasing effects of personality and cognitive characteristics on this association. In the present study, we investigated the association between different forms of youth PP and attained SES, taking youth's and parents' individual characteristics into account. We used data from 983 German twin families with same‐sex twin pairs of emerging adults (aged 21–25) that provided information on electoral, nonelectoral individual and collective political participation as well as on youth's and their parents relevant personality and cognitive characteristics. After adjusting for youth's and parents' individual characteristics, regression analyses showed educational attainment and household income to be solely significantly associated with emerging adults' electoral political participation. Genetically informative analyses revealed confoundedness due to shared environmental factors for electoral PP and due to genetic factors for individual and collective PP. Depending on the form of PP, the covariance between attained SES indicators and youth's PP mostly or fully overlapped with variance in political interest, general cognitive ability, and/or openness to experience. Findings are discussed against the backdrop of genotype‐environment interplay.
Does reversal of the educational gender gap affect Men's happiness: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Steven Zhongwu , Lu Fengzhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the context of the reversal of the educational gender gap, this article employs a nationally representative survey to examine the relationship between a wife's educational advantages (i.e., wife attains more education than her husband) and her husband's happiness. By controlling for individual, family, and community factors, we demonstrate that a husband's happiness is positively associated with his wife's educational advantages. Instrumental variable regressions and series of robustness checks corroborate the conclusion. However, certain heterogeneities are observed, with a particularly notable positive association among men with higher education levels, younger age, and those residing in the eastern region, likely influenced by their egalitarian gender ideologies. The study suggests that men are increasingly accepting of marriages in which the wife is more educated than her husband.