bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The latest developments on Of?p stars
Authors: Nazé Yael , ud-Doula Asif , Spano Maxime , Rauw Gregor , De Becker Michael , Walborn Nolan R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn recent years several in-depth investigations of the three prototypical Of?p stars were undertaken, revealing their peculiar properties. To clarify some of the remaining questions, we have continued our monitoring of the prototypical Of?p trio. HD 108 has now reached its quiescent, minimum-emission state, for the first time in 50–60yrs, while new echelle spectra of HD 148937 confirm the presence in several H and He lines of the 7d variations detected previously only in the Hα line. A new XMM observation of HD 191612 clearly shows that its X-ray emission is not modulated by the orbital period of 1542d, but the high-energy variations are rather compatible with the 538d period of the optical changes - it is thus not of colliding-wind origin but linked to the phenomena responsible for the spectral/photometric variations, though our current MHD simulations remain at odds with the observational properties.
Uniqueness and evolutionary status of MWC 349A
Authors: Strelnitski Vladimir , Schwarz Kamber , Bieging John , Fuchs Josh T. , Walker Gary 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMWC349A, which had remained an ordinary member of the MWC catalog for a few decades, is now known as: (1) the brightest stellar source of radio continuum; (2) the only known high-gain natural maser in hydrogen recombination lines; and (3) the only strictly proven natural high-gain laser (in IR hydrogen recombination lines). These phenomena seem to occur in the circumstellar disk seen almost edge-on. They help us understand the structure and kinematics of the disk. The evolutionary status of MWC 349A is still debated: a young HAeBe star with a pre-planetary disk or an old B[e] star or even a protoplanetary nebula? We discuss new observational data obtained at the Maria Mitchell Observatory and elsewhere which may cast light on this issue.
γ-ray production via IC scattering of the infrared excess from the Be-type star in the binary system PSR B1259-63/SS2883
Authors: van Soelen Brian , Meintjes Pieter J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractUn-pulsed γ-ray emission has been detected close to periastron in the pulsar/Be-star binary system PSR B1259-63/SS 2883, believed to originate from the shock front that forms between the stellar and pulsar winds. A likely source of γ-ray production is the inverse Compton up-scattering of target photons from the Be star by relativistic electrons/positrons in the pulsar wind. In this study the influence of the infrared radiation, emanating from the circumstellar disc, on isotropic inverse Compton γ-ray production is investigated. It is shown that the scattering of infrared disc photons can increase the γ-ray flux by a factor ~2 in the 1–10 GeV range.
Automated Graduation using Bayesian Trans-dimensional Models
Authors: Verrall R.J. , Haberman S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a new method of graduation which uses parametric formulae together with Bayesian reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The aim is to provide a method which can be applied to a wide range of data, and which does not require a lot of adjustment or modification. The method also does not require one particular parametric formula to be selected: instead, the graduated values are a weighted average of the values from a range of formulae. In this way, the new method can be seen as an automatic graduation method which we believe can be applied in many cases without any adjustments and provide satisfactory graduated values. An advantage of a Bayesian approach is that it allows for model uncertainty unlike standard methods of graduation.
Interaction between the SH3 domain of Src family kinases and the proline-rich motif of HTLV-1 p13: a novel mechanism underlying delivery of Src family kinases to mitochondria
Authors: Tibaldi Elena , Venerando Andrea , Zonta Francesca , Bidoia Carlo , Magrin Elisa , Marin Oriano , Toninello Antonio , Bordin Luciana , Martini Veronica , Pagano Mario Angelo , Brunati Anna Maria 
Published: July 2011

The association of the SH3 (Src homology 3) domain of SFKs (Src family kinases) with protein partners bearing proline-rich motifs has been implicated in the regulation of SFK activity, and has been described as a possible mechanism of relocalization of SFKs to subcellular compartments. We demonstrate in the present study for the first time that p13, an accessory protein encoded by the HTLV-1 (human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1), binds the SH3 domain of SFKs via its C-terminal proline-rich motif, forming a stable heterodimer that translocates to mitochondria by virtue of its N-terminal mitochondrial localization signal. As a result, the activity of SFKs is dramatically enhanced, with a subsequent increase in mitochondrial tyrosine phosphorylation, and the recognized ability of p13 to insert itself into the inner mitochondrial membrane and to perturb the mitochondrial membrane potential is abolished. Overall, the present study, in addition to confirming that the catalytic activity of SFKs is modulated by interactors of their SH3 domain, leads us to hypothesize a general mechanism by which proteins bearing a proline-rich motif and a mitochondrial localization signal at the same time may act as carriers of SFKs into mitochondria, thus contributing to the regulation of mitochondrial functions under various pathophysiological conditions.
Density hysteresis of heavy water confined in a nanoporous silica matrix
Authors: Zhang Yang , Faraone Antonio , Kamitakahara William A. , Liu Kao-Hsiang , Mou Chung-Yuan , Leão Juscelino B. , Chang Sung , Chen Sow-Hsin 
Published: July 2011

A neutron scattering technique was developed to measure the density of heavy water confined in a nanoporous silica matrix in a temperature-pressure range, from 300 to 130 K and from 1 to 2,900 bars, where bulk water will crystalize. We observed a prominent hysteresis phenomenon in the measured density profiles between warming and cooling scans above 1,000 bars. We interpret this hysteresis phenomenon as support (although not a proof) of the hypothetical existence of a first-order liquid–liquid phase transition of water that would exist in the macroscopic system if crystallization could be avoided in the relevant phase region. Moreover, the density data we obtained for the confined heavy water under these conditions are valuable to large communities in biology and earth and planetary sciences interested in phenomena in which nanometer-sized water layers are involved.
The Effects of Transnational Environmentalism on Domestic Environmental Coalitions: Thick Conservation Networks and Thin Pollution Networks in Ecuador
Authors: Lewis Tammy L. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Ecuador's environmental movement has engaged in the international environmental network since 1978. This article examines how transnationalism has affected Ecuadorian environmental organizations by comparing two issue networks: the conservation network and the pollution network. Data from an on-line organizational survey of Ecuadorian organizations and interviews show that the transnational conservation network, a resource-rich vertical network, has encouraged the growth of horizontal/domestic networks in Ecuador, but the domestic network is dysfunctional. By contrast, the relatively poor transnational pollution network did not generate growth in horizontal/domestic networks. Instead, independent organizations emerged domestically. This organizational network may prove more functional.
Network Governance as Adaptive Institutional Response: The Case of Multifunctional Forested Landscapes
Authors: Wolf Steven A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractContemporary interest in networks in natural resources management reflects the increasing complexity of social regulation of the environment. This complexity stems from differentiation of social demand for environmental goods and services, and an accompanying search for both technical and institutional innovation. Rather than implying sustained coherence, network governance refers to new patterns of engagement, interdependence, and flows of information and resources among state, market and civil society actors. In identifying network forms of governance as an institutional innovation arising in response to environmental change, and by suggesting that networks can reshape the material environment, I invoke a co-evolutionary analysis. This general argument is developed through consideration of the particular challenges of construction of multifunctional forested landscapes in the US.
Networking to Conserve Biodiversity: The Case of Chicago Wilderness
Authors: McCance Elizabeth 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Looking at Chicago Wilderness, a network of more than 250 organizational members working to conserve biodiversity in metropolitan Chicago, this article examines the factors that promote and inhibit adoption of collaboration as a conservation strategy. While collaboration is essential for ecosystem management, it is not easy. A function of Chicago Wilderness is to promote collaboration. Testing this network function, this study of Chicago Wilderness illustrates how patterns of network participation, as well as organizational type and perceptions of leadership support, influence attitudes towards collaboration.
Minimum-drag shapes in magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Zabarankin Michael 
Published: July 2011

A necessary optimality condition for the minimum-drag shape for a non-magnetic solid body immersed in the uniform flow of an electrically conducting viscous incompressible fluid under the presence of a magnetic field is obtained. It is assumed that the flow and magnetic field are uniform and parallel at infinity, and that the body and fluid have the same magnetic permeability. The condition is derived based on the linearized magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations subject to a constraint on the body’s volume, and generalizes the existing optimality conditions for the minimum-drag shapes for the body in the Stokes and Oseen flows of a non-conducting fluid. It is shown that for any Hartmann number
M
, Reynolds number
Re
and magnetic Reynolds number
Re
m
, the minimum-drag shapes are fore-and-aft symmetric and have conic vertices with an angle of 2
π
/3. The minimum-drag shapes are represented in a function-series form, and the series coefficients are found iteratively with the derived optimality condition. At each iteration, the MHD problem is solved via the boundary integral equations obtained based on the Cauchy integral formula for generalized analytic functions. With respect to the equal-volume sphere, drag reduction as a function of the Cowling number S=
M
2
/(
Re
m

Re
) is smallest at S=1. Also, in the considered examples, the drag values for the minimum-drag shapes and equal-volume minimum-drag spheroids are sufficiently close.
A prospective, randomized, multicenter acceptability and safety study of direct buprenorphine/naloxone induction in heroin‐dependent individuals
Authors: Amass Leslie , Pukeleviciene Vilma , Subata Emilis , Almeida António Rocha , Pieri Maria Chiara , D'Egidio Pietro , Stankova Zdenka , Costa António , Smyth Bobby P. , Sakoman Slavko , Wei Yan , Strang John 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To provide controlled data on direct induction with buprenorphine/naloxone (BNX) versus indirect buprenorphine (BPN)‐to‐BNX induction.Design  Phase 4, prospective, randomized, active‐drug controlled, parallel‐group trial consisting of a 2‐day, double‐blind, double‐dummy induction phase followed by 26 days of open‐label treatment with BNX.Setting  Nineteen sites in 10 European countries from March 2008 to December 2009.Participants  A total of 187 opioid‐dependent men and women ≥15 years of age.Measurements  The primary objective was assessment of patient response to direct and indirect BNX induction [proportion of patients receiving the scheduled 16‐mg BNX dose on day 3 (i.e. first day post‐induction)]. Secondary assessments included illicit drug use, treatment retention and compliance, withdrawal scale scores, and safety.Findings  Patient response to direct‐ versus indirect‐BNX induction was similar [direct 91.4% (85/93) versus indirect 90.4% (85/94); 95% confidence interval (CI): −7.3%, 9.2%]. Rapid dose induction (16 mg of BPN equivalent on day 2) was acceptable and 72% of patients completed treatment (day 28). There were no significant differences in secondary measures across groups. An average BNX maintenance dose of 15.3 mg across groups was associated with substantial reductions in illicit opioid use and no self‐reported intravenous misuse. Treatment compliance and retention rates were similar (98.5% and 81.3%, respectively). Treatment‐emergent adverse event rates were comparable: 75% versus 74% for direct‐ versus indirect‐induction groups, respectively.Conclusions  Direct buprenorphine/naloxone induction was a safe and effective strategy for maintenance treatment of opioid dependence. Response to high‐dose direct buprenorphine/naloxone induction appears to be similar to indirect buprenorphine‐to‐buprenorphine/naloxone induction and was not associated with reports of intravenous buprenorphine/naloxone misuse.
Drug induced immune haemolytic anaemia in the Berlin Case‐Control Surveillance Study
Authors: Garbe Edeltraut , Andersohn Frank , Bronder Elisabeth , Klimpel Andreas , Thomae Michael , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Hildebrandt Martin , Späth‐Schwalbe Ernst , Grüneisen Andreas , Mayer Beate , Salama Abdulgabar , Kurtal Hanife 
Published: July 2011

SummaryDrug‐induced immune haemolytic anaemia is a rare but serious condition. This study investigated the possibility of drug aetiology of immune haemolytic anaemia (IHA) in 134 patients with new onset of IHA who were identified in the Berlin Case‐Control Surveillance Study between 2000 and 2009. Single drugs related to IHA in three or more patients and assessed more than once as a certain or probable cause of IHA in a standardized causality assessment included diclofenac, fludarabine, oxaliplatin, ceftriaxone and piperacillin. In a case‐control study including all 124 IHA cases developed in outpatient care and 731 controls, significantly increased odds ratios (OR) were observed for beta‐lactam antibiotics (OR = 8·8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3·2–25·2), cotrimoxazole (OR = 6·5; CI 1·1–37·9), ciprofloxacin (OR = 6·9, CI 1·3–38·5), fludarabine (OR = 22·2; CI: 2·8–454·5) and lorazepam (OR = 5·3; CI: 1·2–21·2). Excluding new onset cases with a chronic IHA disease course, an increased risk became also apparent for diclofenac with an OR of 3·1 (CI 1·3–7·0). This is the first case‐control study investigating drugs as risk factors for IHA. It corroborates an increased risk for several drugs that have been implicated as a cause of IHA in the standardized causality assessment of individual cases.
Genome‐wide DNA profiling better defines the prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Rinaldi Andrea , Mian Michael , Kwee Ivo , Rossi Davide , Deambrogi Clara , Mensah Afua A. , Forconi Francesco , Spina Valeria , Cencini Emanuele , Drandi Daniela , Ladetto Marco , Santachiara Rita , Marasca Roberto , Gattei Valter , Cavalli Franco , Zucca Emanuele , Gaidano Gianluca , Bertoni Francesco 
Published: July 2011

SummaryThe integration of molecular and clinical information to tailor treatments remains an important research challenge in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). This study aimed to identify genomic lesions associated with a poor outcome and a higher risk of histological transformation. A mono‐institutional cohort of 147 cases was used as the test series, and a multi‐institutional cohort of 176 cases as a validation series. Genomic profiles were obtained using Affymetrix SNP 6.0. The impact of the recurrent minimal common regions (MCRs) on overall survival was evaluated by univariate analysis followed by multiple‐test correction. The independent prognostic significance was assessed by multivariate analysis. Eight MCRs showed a prognostic impact: gains at 2p25.3‐p22.3 (MYCN), 2p22.3, 2p16.2‐p14 (REL), 8q23.3‐q24.3 (MYC), losses at 8p23.1‐p21.2, 8p21.2, and of the TP53 locus. Gains at 2p and 8q and TP53 inactivation maintained prognostic significance in multivariate analysis and a hierarchical model confirmed their relevance. Gains at 2p also determined a higher risk of Richter syndrome transformation. The prediction of outcome for CLL patients might be improved by evaluating the presence of gains at 2p and 8q as novel genomic regions besides those included in the ‘standard’ fluorescence in situ hybridization panel.
Bone marrow stromal cells protect lymphoma B‐cells from rituximab‐induced apoptosis and targeting integrin α‐4‐β‐1 (VLA‐4) with natalizumab can overcome this resistance
Authors: Mraz Marek , Zent Clive S. , Church Amy K. , Jelinek Diane F. , Wu Xiaosheng , Pospisilova Sarka , Ansell Stephen M. , Novak Anne J. , Kay Neil E. , Witzig Thomas E. , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryRituximab improves the outcome of patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, but does not completely eradicate residual B‐cell populations in the microenvironment of the bone marrow and lymph nodes. Adhesion to stromal cells can protect B‐cells from apoptosis induced by chemotherapy drugs [(cell adhesion‐mediated drug resistance (CAM‐DR)]. A similar mechanism of resistance to rituximab has not, to our knowledge, been described. We tested the hypothesis that the microenvironment protects malignant B‐cells from rituximab‐induced apoptosis, and that blocking these interactions with natalizumab, an antibody targeting VLA‐4 (integrin alfa‐4‐beta‐1/CD49d), can overcome this protection. VLA‐4 is an adhesion molecule constitutively expressed on malignant B‐cells and is important for pro‐survival signalling in the bone marrow and lymph node microenvironment. The human bone marrow stromal cell line HS‐5 was shown to strongly protect B‐cell lymphoma cells from rituximab cytotoxicity, suggesting the existence of a stromal cell adhesion‐mediated antibody resistance (CAM‐AR) mechanism analogous to CAM‐DR. Natalizumab decreased B‐lymphocyte adherence to fibronectin by 75–95% and partially overcame stromal protection against rituximab and cytotoxic drugs. These pre‐clinical findings suggest that the addition of stromal adhesion‐disruptive drugs to rituximab‐containing therapy could improve treatment efficacy.
Regulation of white and opaque cell‐type formation in Candida albicans by Rtt109 and Hst3
Authors: Stevenson John S. , Liu Haoping 
Published: July 2011

SummaryHow different cell types with the same genotype are formed and heritability maintained is a fundamental question in biology. We utilized white‐opaque switching in Candida albicans as a system to study mechanisms of cell‐type formation and maintenance. Each cell type has tractable characters, which are maintained over many cell divisions. Cell‐type specification is under the control of interlocking transcriptional feedback loops, with Wor1 being the master regulator of the opaque cell type. Here we show that deletion of RTT109, encoding the acetyltransferase for histone H3K56, impairs stochastic and environmentally stimulated white‐opaque switching. Ectopic expression of WOR1 mostly bypasses the requirement for RTT109, but opaque cells lacking RTT109 cannot be maintained. We have also discovered that nicotinamide induces opaque cell formation, and this activity of nicotinamide requires RTT109. Reducing the copy number of HST3, which encodes the H3K56 deacetylase, also leads to increased opaque formation. We further show that the Hst3 level is downregulated in the presence of genotoxins and ectopic expression of HST3 blocks genotoxin induced switching. This finding links genotoxin induced switching to Hst3 regulation. Together, these findings suggest RTT109 and HST3 genes play an important role in the regulation of white‐opaque switching in C. albicans.
Over‐expression of an Na+‐ and K+‐permeable HKT transporter in barley improves salt tolerance
Authors: Mian Afaq , Oomen Ronald J.F.J. , Isayenkov Stanislav , Sentenac Hervé , Maathuis Frans J.M. , Véry Anne‐Aliénor 
Published: July 2011

SummarySoil salinity is an increasing menace that affects agriculture across the globe. Plant adaptation to high salt concentrations involves integrated functions, including control of Na+ uptake, translocation and compartmentalization. Na+ transporters belonging to the HKT family have been shown to be involved in tolerance to mild salt stress in glycophytes such as Arabidopsis, wheat and rice by contributing to Na+ exclusion from aerial tissues. Here, we have analysed the role of the HKT transporter HKT2;1, which is permeable to K+ and Na+, in barley, a relatively salt‐tolerant crop that displays a salt‐including behaviour. In Xenopus oocytes, HvHKT2;1 co‐transports Na+ and K+ over a large range of concentrations, displaying low affinity for Na+, variable affinity for K+ depending on external Na+ concentration, and inhibition by K+ (Ki approximately 5 mm). HvHKT2;1 is predominantly expressed in the root cortex. Transcript levels are up‐regulated in both roots and shoots by low K+ growth conditions, and in shoots by high Na+ growth conditions. Over‐expression of HvHKT2;1 led to enhanced Na+ uptake, higher Na+ concentrations in the xylem sap, and enhanced translocation of Na+ to leaves when plants were grown in the presence of 50 or 100 mm NaCl. Interestingly, these responses were correlated with increased barley salt tolerance. This suggests that one of the factors that limits barley salt tolerance is the capacity to translocate Na+ to the shoot rather than accumulation or compartmentalization of this cation in leaf tissues. Thus, over‐expression of HvHKT2;1 leads to increased salt tolerance by reinforcing the salt‐including behaviour of barley.
The Arabidopsis extracellular UNUSUAL SERINE PROTEASE INHIBITOR functions in resistance to necrotrophic fungi and insect herbivory
Authors: Laluk Kristin , Mengiste Tesfaye 
Published: July 2011

SummaryProtease inhibitors (PIs) function in the precise regulation of proteases, and are thus involved in diverse biological processes in many organisms. Here, we studied the functions of the Arabidopsis UNUSUAL SERINE PROTEASE INHIBITOR (UPI) gene, which encodes an 8.8 kDa protein of atypical sequence relative to other PIs. Plants harboring a loss‐of‐function UPI allele displayed enhanced susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungi Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola as well as the generalist herbivore Trichoplusia ni. Further, ectopic expression conferred increased resistance to B. cinerea and T. ni. In contrast, the mutant has wild‐type responses to virulent, avirulent and non‐pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas syringae, thus limiting the defense function of UPI to necrotrophic fungal infection and insect herbivory. Expression of UPI is significantly induced by jasmonate, salicylic acid and abscisic acid, but is repressed by ethylene, indicating complex phytohormone regulation of UPI expression. The upi mutant also shows significantly delayed flowering, associated with decreased SOC1 expression and elevated levels of MAF1, two regulators of floral transition. Recombinant UPI strongly inhibits the serine protease chymotrypsin but also weakly blocks the cysteine protease papain. Interestingly, jasmonate induces intra‐ and extracellular UPI accumulation, suggesting a possible role in intercellular or extracellular functions. Overall, our results show that UPI is a dual‐specificity PI that functions in plant growth and defense, probably through the regulation of endogenous proteases and/or those of biotic invaders.