bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Appearance of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactive Cells in the Midline Epithelial Seam of the Human Fetal Secondary Palate
Authors: Katori Yukio , Shibata Shunichi , Kawase Tetsuaki , Cho Baik Hwan , Murakami Gen 
Published: July 2011

Objective Transient immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase, which mediates the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine, in the midline epithelial seam between the bilateral palatal shelves was investigated in human fetuses. Materials and Methods Horizontal or frontal paraffin sections of two human fetuses at 9 and 15 weeks of gestation were used to examine the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase–immunoreactive cells in regions of the entire head other than the brain. Immunohistochemical staining for S100 protein, calretinin, cytokeratin 14, and vimentin was examined using adjacent or near sections. Results Tyrosine hydroxylase–immunoreactive cells were large and densely distributed in the midline epithelial seam at the site of palatal fusion in fetuses at 9 weeks but not in fetuses at 15 weeks, in which the midline epithelial seam had already disappeared. No expression of S100 protein, calretinin, or vimentin was detected, but the midline epithelial seam was positive for cytokeratin 14. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity was not detected in epithelia during the process of palatal fusion in mice from E 14.0 to 15.0. Conclusions These findings indicate that tyrosine hydroxylase–immunoreactive cells in the midline epithelial seams are nonneural epithelial cells and suggest that the tyrosine hydroxylase is a novel factor involved in normal palatal formation, especially the fate of the midline epithelial seam in humans.
Patient Satisfaction after Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Bone-Grafted Alveolar Clefts with Nonsubmerged ITI Straumann Dental Implants Loaded at Three Months
Authors: Landes Constantin A. , Bündgen Lukas , Laudemann Katharina , Ghanaati Sharam , Sader Robert 
Published: July 2011

Objective To assess clinical, aesthetic, and quality-of-life parameters of cleft lip and palate patients' implant-supported crowns with ITI Straumann nonsubmerged and loaded after 3 months implants. Patients, Material, and Methods In 17 bone-grafted cleft patients, 24 implants were placed nonsubmerged, loaded at 3 months to support crowns in the cleft area, and followed up at 40 months on average (±22 months). The oral-health–related quality of life was assessed in all patients with the German Oral Health Impact Profile after implant therapy. Aesthetics were judged on photographs by dental professionals, nonprofessionals, and the patients themselves. The Implant Crown Aesthetic Index served as an objective tool. Results A total of 23 implants (95.8%) were loaded and in function. Clinical parameters were marginal bone loss of 1.15 ± 2.16 mm, peri-implant probing depth of 2.56 ± 0.66 mm, width of keratinized mucosa of 2.71 ± 1.1 mm, mucosal recession of 0.41 ± 0.8 mm, Periotest value of 0.18 ± 6.5, and German Oral Health Impact Profile summary score of 2. The best aesthetic outcome was assessed by the patients themselves. Soft tissues were rated worse than were implant-supported crowns. Conclusions Implant-borne prosthetic rehabilitation of bone-grafted clefts with nonsubmerged ITI Straumann implants with 3 months' loading represents a reliable treatment option with high success rates in the long term. Functional aspects are comparable to those of noncleft patients. The oral-health–related quality of life of cleft patients is similar to that of noncleft patients. Aesthetics are restricted but satisfactory to patients and dental professionals. Aesthetics of peri-implant soft tissues should be improved in the future.
Subperiosteal Release of the Floor of the Mouth to Correct Airway Obstruction in Pierre Robin Sequence: Review of 31 Cases
Authors: Caouette-Laberge Louise , Borsuk Daniel E. , Bortoluzzi Patricia A. 
Published: July 2011

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate subperiosteal release of the floor of the mouth (SRFM) musculature to correct neonatal airway obstruction in children with Pierre Robin sequence and to compare this procedure with other surgical options available. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent a SRFM for neonatal severe airway obstruction unresponsive to conservative management was performed. Preoperative and postoperative oxygenation parameters, sleep studies, feeding difficulties, and long-term evolution were documented. Results Thirty-one consecutive patients between 1995 and 2009, 19 boys and 12 girls, had an SRFM procedure to alleviate severe neonatal airway obstruction. Eight children were syndromic, 15 had associated malformations, and eight had an isolated Pierre Robin sequence. The airway obstruction was corrected with SRFM alone in 26 children (84%), three patients remained dependent on nasopharyngeal airway, and two required subsequent mandibular osteogenic distraction procedures following the SRFM to manage persistent obstruction. No patient required a tracheostomy. The average age at SRFM was 33 days, and the patients were kept intubated for an average of 6 days postoperatively. Average hospital stay after the surgery was 45 days, and 10 patients went home with gavage feeding. Conclusions The SRFM is effective for the treatment of severe airway obstruction in patients with Pierre Robin sequence. The procedure is simple and has fewer complications and secondary procedures than other surgical options for correction of the airway obstruction.
MRI with Synchronized Audio to Evaluate Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Authors: Maturo Stephen , Silver Amanda , Nimkin Katherine , Sagar Pallavi , Ashland Jean , Van Der Kouwe Andre J.W. , Hartnick Christopher 
Published: July 2011

Objective To demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous-acquired magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-quality synchronized audio recording for evaluating velopharyngeal closure. Design Institutional Review Board–approved case series. Setting Tertiary care hospital. Patients Three healthy adult volunteers with a normal speech pattern. Interventions MRI with simultaneous recorded audio files evaluating velopharyngeal closure. Main outcome measure Precise imaging and audio coordination of specific phonatory tasks. Results Synchronization of MRI and audio in all three adults. Conclusion Our novel imaging and audio protocol provides simultaneous acquired MRI with synchronized high quality audio for evaluating velopharyngeal closure. This technique may provide the opportunity to improve diagnosis and surgical planning in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency.
Effects of Cleft Type, Facemask Anchorage Method, and Alveolar Bone Graft on Maxillary Protraction: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Yang Ii-Hyung , Chang Young-Ii , Kim Tae-Woo , Ahn Sug-Joon , Lim Won-Hee , Lee Nam-Ki , Baek Seung-Hak 
Published: July 2011

Objective To investigate biomechanical effects of cleft type (unilateral/bilateral cleft lip and palate), facemask anchorage method (tooth-borne and miniplate anchorage), and alveolar bone graft on maxillary protraction. Design Three-dimensional finite element analysis with application of orthopedic force (30° downward and forward to the occlusal plane, 500 g per side). Model Computed tomography data from a 13.5-year-old girl with maxillary hypoplasia. Intervention Eight three-dimensional finite element models were fabricated according to cleft type, facemask anchorage method, and alveolar bone graft. Main Outcome Measure(s) Initial stress distribution and displacement after force application were analyzed. Results Unilateral cleft lip and palate showed an asymmetric pattern in stress distribution and displacement before alveolar bone graft and demonstrated a symmetric pattern after alveolar bone graft. However, bilateral cleft lip and palate showed symmetric patterns in stress distribution and displacement before and after alveolar bone graft. In both cleft types, the graft extended the stress distribution area laterally beyond the infraorbital foramen. For both unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate, a facemask with a tooth-borne anchorage showed a dentoalveolar effect with prominent stress distribution and displacement on the upper canine point. In contrast, a facemask with miniplate anchorage exhibited an orthopedic effect with more favorable stress distribution and displacement on the middle maxilla point. In addition, the facemask with a miniplate anchorage showed a larger stress distribution area and suturai stress values than did the facemask with a tooth-borne anchorage. The pterygopalatine and zygomatico-maxillary sutures showed the largest suturai stress values with a facemask with a miniplate anchorage and after alveolar bone grafting, respectively. Conclusion In this three-dimensional finite element analysis, it would be more advantageous to perform maxillary protraction using a facemask with a miniplate anchorage than a facemask with a tooth-borne anchorage and after alveolar bone graft rather than before alveolar bone graft, regardless of cleft type.
What's Your “Position” on Nuclear Power? An Exploration of Conflict in Stakeholder Participation for Decision‐making about Risky Technologies
Authors: Poetz Anneliese 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOne of the exigent issues concerning stakeholder engagement in decision‐making for nuclear power generation facilities is the manner in which conflict is acknowledged and managed. In order to manage conflict effectively, one must understand the full variability of positions on certain issues, and from perspectives of diverse stakeholders. Research to‐date on risk perception and resultant conflict has been conducted almost exclusively from the perspective of the public. This paper utilizes grounded theory methodology combined with a case study approach to explore the decision‐making processes for the re‐licensing of two local nuclear power generation facilities; Pickering ‘A’ and Bruce ‘A’ from the perspective of the nuclear industry, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, government, Non‐Governmental Organizations, scientists, and public. Situational analysis is a tool utilized to generate 7 positional maps which display the diversity of viewpoints on major contested issues such as environmental, technical, and financial risk, availability of information, and satisfaction with the process for stakeholder engagement. The paper concludes that conflict can be both negative and positive, and recommends the best way to reduce the potential for conflict is by actively engaging stakeholders in facilitated discussions with ground rules for conduct of all participants, and conducting discussions over the long‐term and well before (and after) legislated public consultations take place. The results of this study provide a useful framework for future quantitative exploration of the issues illustrated in each of the 7 positional maps.
Cardiac Survival after Pre-emptive Coronary Angiography in Transplant Patients and Those Awaiting Transplantation
Authors: Kumar Nicola , Baker Christopher S.R. , Chan Kakit , Duncan Neill , Malik Iqbal , Frankel Andrew , Ashby Damien R. , McLean Adam , Palmer Andrew , Cairns Tom D. , Taube David 
Published: July 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Recent interest has focused on wait listing patients without pretreating coronary artery disease to expedite transplantation. Our practice is to offer coronary revascularization before transplantation if indicated.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Between 2006 and 2009, 657 patients (427 men, 230 women; ages, 56.5 ± 9.94 years) underwent pretransplant assessment with coronary angiography. 573 of 657 (87.2%) patients were wait listed; 247 of 573 (43.1%) patients were transplanted during the follow-up period, 30.09 ± 11.67 months.

Results
Patient survival for those not wait listed was poor, 83.2% and 45.7% at 1 and 3 years, respectively. In wait-listed patients, survival was 98.9% and 95.3% at 1 and 3 years, respectively. 184 of 657 (28.0%) patients were offered revascularization. Survival in patients (n = 16) declining revascularization was poor: 75% survived 1 year and 37.1% survived 3 years. Patients undergoing revascularization followed by transplantation (n = 51) had a 98.0% and 88.4% cardiac event–free survival at 1 and 3 years, respectively. Cardiac event–free survival for patients revascularized and awaiting deceased donor transplantation was similar: 94.0% and 90.0% at 1 and 3 years, respectively.

Conclusions
Our data suggest pre-emptive coronary revascularization is not only associated with excellent survival rates in patients subsequently transplanted, but also in those patients waiting on dialysis for a deceased donor transplant.
Neurocognitive Functioning of Children and Adolescents with Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Hooper Stephen R. , Gerson Arlene C. , Butler Robert W. , Gipson Debbie S. , Mendley Susan R. , Lande Marc B. , Shinnar Shlomo , Wentz Alicia , Matheson Matthew , Cox Christopher , Furth Susan L. , Warady Bradley A. 
Published: July 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Few data exist on the neurocognitive functioning of children with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD). The primary objectives of this paper are (1) to determine the neurocognitive status in this population and (2) to identify sociodemographic and health-status variables associated with neurocognitive functioning.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This was a cross-sectional study of 368 children, aged 6 to 16 years, from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort. Median iGFR was 43 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and the median duration of CKD was 8.0 years. Approximately 26% had underlying glomerular disease. Measures of intelligence, academic achievement, attention regulation, and executive functioning were obtained at study entry. The prevalence of neurocognitive deficits was determined by comparing participant scores on each measure of neurocognitive functioning with normative data. The association between hypothesized predictors of neurocognitive dysfunction was evaluated using multivariate regression analyses.

Results
Neurocognitive functioning was within the average range for the entire group; however, 21% to 40% of participants scored at least one SD below the mean on measures of intelligence quotient (IQ), academic achievement, attention regulation, or executive functioning. Higher iohexol-based GFR (iGFR) predicted a lesser risk for poor performance on measures of executive function. Participants having elevated proteinuria (i.e., urine protein/creatinine >2) scored lower on verbal IQ, full-scale IQ, and attention variability than those without elevated proteinuria.

Conclusions
Whereas most children with mild-to-moderate CKD have no major neurocognitive deficits, a substantial percentage did show neurocognitive dysfunction that places them at risk for poor long-term educational and occupational outcomes.
Outcomes of Arteriovenous Fistula Creation after the Fistula First Initiative
Authors: Schinstock Carrie A. , Albright Robert C. , Williams Amy W. , Dillon John J. , Bergstralh Eric J. , Jenson Bernice M. , McCarthy James T. , Nath Karl A. 
Published: July 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred hemodialysis access, but AVF-failure rate is high, and complications from AVF placement are rarely reported. There is no clear consensus on predictors of AVF patency. This study determined AVF outcomes and patency predictors at Mayo Clinic Rochester following the Fistula First Initiative.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A retrospective cohort study of AVFs placed at Mayo Clinic from January 2006 through December 2008 was performed. The AVF placement-associated primary and secondary failure rates, complications, interventions, and hospitalizations were examined. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine primary and secondary patency and associated predictors.

Results
During this time frame, 317 AVFs were placed in 293 individual patients. The primary failure rate was 37.1% after excluding patients not initiated on hemodialysis during follow-up (n = 38) or those with indeterminate outcome (37 lost to follow-up; six died; two transplanted). Of usable AVFs, 11.4% later failed. AVF creation incurred complications and hospitalization in 21.2% and 12.3% of patients, respectively. The risk for reduced primary patency was increased by diabetes (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.07); the risk for reduced primary and secondary patency was decreased with larger arteries (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.94; and HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.84, respectively).

Conclusions
Primary failure remains a major issue in the post–Fistula First era. Complications from AVF placement must be considered when planning AVF placement. Our data demonstrate that artery size is the main predictor of AVF patency.
A Comparison of Conventional and New Rubber Dam Systems in Dental Practice
Authors: Feierabend SA , Matt J , Klaiber B 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYObjectiveRubber dam is an important tool in dentistry—in the past as well as today. As a result of a lack of acceptance of the conventional system, introduced by Barnum in 1869, new systems were developed (eg, OptraDam® by Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein). This system was advertised as being very comfortable and easy to use, without distracting clamps. The aim of this study was to investigate if a new rubber dam system would be better accepted by patients and dentists than the conventional one.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred patients from the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology received at least one treatment with the conventional rubber dam (Dental Dam, Coltène Whaledent, Langenau, Germany) and one with the new rubber dam (OptraDam®, Ivoclar Vivadent). Staff/students and patients were asked to complete questionnaires with regard to the advantages and disadvantages of the particular system after every treatment.ResultsAmong patients, students, and dentists in the dental school environment there is a high degree of acceptance of rubber dam in general. During the study there were only very few situations in which neither of the systems could be used. The conventional rubber dam was preferred by all patients, students, and dentists (p&lt;0.0001).ConclusionOur study confirms that there is a high degree of acceptance of the rubber dam when it is compulsory to use. The reasons for the refusal during the daily workload of a practice remain unclear, but appear to be independent of the material or design available. A new design does not necessarily imply better acceptance.
Conservative Approach for Esthetic Treatment of Enamel Hypoplasia
Authors: Reston EG , Corba DV , Ruschel K , Tovo MF , Barbosa AN 
Published: July 2011

Purpose
This article describes a minimally invasive technique for removal of intrinsic enamel stains and discoloration. The technique is based on enamel microabrasion with application of an acid-abrasive gel. Treatment may be complemented with composite resin to compensate for the effects of acid or to finish the masking effect.
Bonding of Restorative Materials to Dentin With Various Luting Agents
Authors: Peutzfeldt A , Sahafi A , Flury S 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARY
The aim was to compare eight types of luting agents when used to bond six indirect, laboratory restorative materials to dentin. Cylinders of the six restorative materials (Esteticor Avenir [gold alloy], Tritan [titanium], NobelRondo [feldspathic porcelain], Finesse All-Ceramic [leucite-glass ceramic], Lava [zirconia], and Sinfony [resin composite]) were ground and air-abraded. Cylinders of feldspathic porcelain and glass ceramic were additionally etched with hydrofluoric acid and were silane-treated. The cylinders were luted to ground human dentin with eight luting agents (DeTrey Zinc [zinc phosphate cement], Fuji I [conventional glass ionomer cement], Fuji Plus [resin-modified glass ionomer cement], Variolink II [conventional etch-and-rinse resin cement], Panavia F2.0 and Multilink [self-etch resin cements], and RelyX Unicem Aplicap and Maxcem [self-adhesive resin cements]). After water storage at 37°C for one week, the shear bond strength of the specimens (n=8/group) was measured, and the fracture mode was stereomicroscopically examined. Bond strength data were analyzed with two-factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Newman-Keuls' Multiple Range Test (α=0.05). Both the restorative material and the luting agent had a significant effect on bond strength, and significant interaction was noted between the two variables. Zinc phosphate cement and glass ionomer cements produced the lowest bond strengths, whereas the highest bond strengths were found with the two self-etch and one of the self-adhesive resin cements. Generally, the fracture mode varied markedly with the restorative material. The luting agents had a bigger influence on bond strength between restorative materials and dentin than was seen with the restorative material.
Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Adhesion on Composite Resin Surfaces After Different Finishing and Polishing Techniques
Authors: Pereira CA , Eskelson E , Cavalli V , Liporoni PCS , Jorge AOC , Rego MA do 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARY
This study evaluated Streptococcus mutans biofilm adhesion on the surface of three composite resins (nanofilled, Filtek Z350, 3M ESPE, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; nanohybrid, Vit-1-escence, Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT, USA; and microhybrid, Esthet X, Dentsply, Milford, DE, USA) following different finishing and polishing techniques. Sixty standardized samples (6 × 3 mm) of each composite were produced and randomly divided into three finishing and polishing treatments (n=20): 1) control group: composite resin surface in contact with Mylar matrix strips with no finishing or polishing performed, 2) Sof-Lex aluminum oxide disc technique (3M ESPE, and 3) carbide bur finishing and Astrobrush polishing technique (Ultradent). Half the samples of each group were incubated in human saliva for 1 hour, and all the samples were subjected to S mutans (ATCC 35688) biofilm development. The mean log of CFU/mL present in the S mutans biofilm was calculated, and data were statistically analyzed by three-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p&lt;0.05). Human saliva incubation promoted a significant increase of bacterial adherence on all three of the composites' surfaces, regardless of the polishing treatment performed (p&lt;0.05). Of the three, the nanofilled composite (Filtek Z350) had the lowest bacterial adherence with each of the finishing and polishing techniques despite the presence or absence of human saliva (p&lt;0.05). Mylar matrix strips (control group) promoted the lowest bacterial adhesion on the surface of the microhybrid and nanofilled composites in the absence of human saliva.
Corrosion and wear resistance study of Ni-P and Ni-P-PTFE nanocomposite coatings
Authors: Ankita Sharma , Singh Ajay 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article reports on the corrosion and wear resistance of Ni-P and Ni-P-PTFE nanocomposite coatings deposited on mild steel substrates using the electroless plating technique. The coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The coatings were smooth and had thicknesses between 7 and 23 µm. They contained Ni, P, and additionally, F, in the case of the Ni-P-PTFE films. A broadening of the Ni peak in XRD was attributed to the amorphous nature and/or fine grain size of the films. Corrosion resistance was measured using immersion and electrochemical polarization tests in 3.5% NaCl solution whereas wear resistance was determined by the pin-on-disc method. Both Ni-P and Ni-P-PTFE coatings exhibited significant improvement in corrosion (in salty media) and wear behavior. Furthermore, the addition of PTFE in the coatings showed improvement in their corrosion resistance as well as a reduction in friction coefficient. Our testing revealed that the coatings’ wore out following the “adhesive type” mechanism.