bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibody deficiency in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Björk Aron H. , Óskarsdóttir Sólveig , Andersson Bengt A. , Friman Vanda 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThere are limited data on immunological disorders, infection profile, and autoimmunity among adults with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) in the literature. To expand this knowledge base, we evaluated immunoglobulin levels, lymphocyte subsets, and T‐cell function in 26 adults, consecutively referred to our 22q11.2DS multidisciplinary team. Their medical records were also reviewed with respect to frequency and severity of infections and autoimmune disorders. Six patients had low immunoglobulin levels; among these patients, one had a combined IgA and IgG1 deficiency, one had an isolated IgG3 deficiency, and four had a profound antibody deficiency comparable to common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Three of the patients with profound antibody deficiency showed signs of reduced T‐cell function measured as a low response to mitogen and/or antigen stimulation. The four patients with profound antibody deficiency suffered from more severe infections than the rest of the patient group. Three of them also had a history of both immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA). Our results suggest that a subgroup of individuals with 22q11.2DS can develop a severe antibody deficiency associated with lower respiratory tract infections and autoimmune conditions. Early diagnosis of hypogammaglobulinemia among these individuals is important in order to provide optimal treatment. We therefore recommend an immunological evaluation and follow‐up among adults with 22q11.2DS who have a history of autoimmune conditions or recurrent infections. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome, due to ZBTB24 mutations, presenting with large cerebral cyst
Authors: Cerbone Manuela , Wang Jun , Van der Maarel Silvère M. , D'Amico Alessandra , D'Agostino Antonio , Romano Alfonso , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease presenting with immunodeficiency secondary to hypo‐ or agamma‐globulinemia, developmental delay, and facial anomalies. Centromeric instability is the cytogenetic hallmark of the disorder which results from targeted chromosomal rearrangements related to a genomic methylation defect. We describe a patient carrying a homozygous mutation of the ZBTB24 gene, which has been recently shown to be responsible for ICF syndrome type 2. Our patient presented with intellectual disability, multiple café‐au‐lait spots, and a large cerebral arachnoidal cyst. Although laboratory signs of impaired immune function, such as reduced serum IgM were detected, our patient did not present clinical manifestations of immunodeficiency. Brain malformations abnormalities have not been reported so far in ICF syndrome and it can be speculated that ZBTB24 mutations may alter cerebral development. Nevertheless, we cannot rule out that the presence of the cerebral cyst in the patient is coincidental. In summary, our patient illustrates that clinical evidence of immunodeficiency is not a universal feature of ICF2 syndrome type 2 and suggests that brain malformations may be present in other ICF cases. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crania with mutilated facial skeletons: A new ritual treatment in an early Pre‐Pottery Neolithic B cranial cache at Tell Qarassa North (South Syria)
Authors: Santana Jonathan , Velasco Javier , Ibáñez Juan José , Braemer Frank 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe removal of crania from burials, their ritual use and their disposal, generally in cranial caches, are the most particular characteristics of the funerary ritual in the transition to the Neolithic in the Near East. Despite the importance of this ritual, detailed studies of cranial caches are rare. This funerary ritual has traditionally been interpreted as a form of ancestor‐veneration. However, this study of the cranial caches found at the site of Tell Qarassa North, South Syria, dated in the second half of the ninth millennium BC, questions this interpretation. The 12 crania, found in two groups arranged in two circles on the floor of a room, belonged to male individuals, apart from one child and one preadolescent. In 10 of the 11 cases, the facial skeletons were deliberately mutilated. In the context of the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic B, when the symbolism of the human face played a vital role in ritual practice, this mutilation of the facial skeleton could be interpreted as an act of hostility. In the absence of indicators of social stratification or signs of violence that might indicate more coercive forms of society, the veneration of ancestors has been explained as a mechanism for social cohesion, which would have been necessary in a context of rapid growth in the population of settlements. However, data on the negative nature of some funerary rites, of punishment or indifference rather than veneration, should make us question an over‐idealized view of the first Neolithic societies. Am J Phys Anthropol 149:205–216, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cost effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging in the workup of the dysosmia patient
Authors: Decker Jennifer R. , Meen Eric K. , Kern Robert C. , Chandra Rakesh K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundIntracranial causes of dysosmia are uncommon. Nonetheless, a missed intracranial disorder or neoplasm is worrisome. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used in diagnosis; however, the cost effectiveness of this practice is unclear. We hypothesize that MRI scans for idiopathic dysosmia will demonstrate sufficient significant findings to be a cost‐effective screening tool.MethodsTertiary‐care otolaryngology clinic records were queried for smell and taste disturbance. The patients underwent anosmia‐protocol MRI of the brain for idiopathic dysosmia in 122 cases. Each MRI report was reviewed for dysosmia findings, intracranial neoplasms, and incidental findings.ResultsMRI was normal in 44.3%, there were dysosmia‐related findings in 25.4%, and incidental findings in 40.2%. The most common related diagnosis was occult frontoethmoid sinusitis (18.8%). The most common incidental diagnosis was small vessel disease (21.1%). Intracranial neoplasms were observed in 6 patients (4.9%). Nine patients had intracranial causes of dysosmia including olfactory meningiomas, infarct, trauma, and atrophy. MRI cost per dysosmia etiology diagnosis was $9445. Costs increased to $32,355 and $48,880 per intracranial cause or neoplasm, respectively. Cost to diagnose 1 causal intracranial neoplasm was $146,400. From 1997 to 2003, median medical malpractice settlements ranged from $625,616 for misdiagnosis to $682,500 for delay in treatment to $1,750,000 for brain injury. The median jury award was $975,000 for misdiagnosis, $1,550,000 for delayed treatment, and $6,000,000 for brain injury.ConclusionMRI in idiopathic dysosmia yielded information regarding the diagnosis in one‐quarter of cases. The implications of missing an intracranial neoplasm alone justify the cost of screening MRI for idiopathic dysosmia. © 2013 ARS–AAOA, LLC.
Electrochemical polymerization of 2‐thiophen‐3‐yl‐malonic acid for biosensor application
Authors: Celik Gamze , Eren Esin , Uygun Aysegul 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPoly(2‐thiophene‐3‐yl‐malonic acid) (P3TMA) was synthesized electrochemically using tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAClO4) as electrolyte into acetonitrile (ACN) for glucose biosensor application. The properties of P3TMA were investigated using FTIR, SEM, and electrochemical measurements. The glucose oxidase enzyme (GOD) was chemically immobilized onto P3TMA modified electrode using glutaraldehyde as crosslinking. It was observed that response current of P3TMA/GOD enzyme electrode increased linearly with loading glucose concentration. Michaelis Menten constant (Km) of P3TMA/GOD enzyme electrode was calculated as 0.03517 mM. FTIR and SEM analyses were used to confirm immobilization of GOD onto surface of P3TMA‐modified electrode. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effect of biological degradation by termites on the flexural properties of pinewood residue/recycled high‐density polyethylene composites
Authors: López‐Naranjo Edgar J. , Alzate‐Gaviria Liliana M. , Hernández‐Zárate Galdy , Reyes‐Trujeque Javier , Cupul‐Manzano Carlos V. , Cruz‐Estrada Ricardo H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWood–plastic composites (WPCs) are considered to be highly durable materials and immune to any type of biological attack. However, when one of these composites is exposed to accelerated weathering, its surface is affected by the appearance of cracks, which constitute an ideal access route for biotic agents. Although the destruction of wood caused by termites is recognized worldwide, information on their effects on WPC‐based products is scarce. Thus, in this study, we aimed to examine the effects of termite attacks on weathered and nonweathered pinewood residue/recycled high‐density polyethylene composites. In this study, WPCs with 40 wt % wood were prepared. Test samples obtained by compression molding and profile extrusion were subjected to weathering cycles for 1000 and 2000 h with a UV‐type accelerated tester equipped with UVA‐340 fluorescent lamps. Afterward, specimens were exposed to the attack of higher termites (Nasutitermes nigriceps) native to the Yucatan Peninsula. Subsequently, flexural mechanical essays, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed. FTIR spectroscopy and DSC showed that the surfaces of the compression‐molded specimens were degraded to a higher extent because of the accelerated weathering. The microscopy results revealed that severe damage was caused by the termites on the surface of the compression‐molded samples. Statistical analysis of the mechanical test results showed that biotic attack produced significant changes in the samples previously exposed to accelerated weathering. The results show that the processing method directly affected the sample performance because of differences in the surface composition. The profile‐extruded composites seemed to better resist termite attack. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Layer‐by‐layer self‐assembled multilayer films of single‐walled carbon nanotubes and tin disulfide nanoparticles with chitosan for the fabrication of biosensors
Authors: Pan Yan , Zhang Yu‐Zhong , Li Yong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this study, multilayer films containing chitosan, tin disulfide (SnS2) nanoparticles, and single‐walled carbon nanotubes were prepared on glassy carbon electrodes with the use of a layer‐by‐layer assembly technique. The resulting films were characterized with cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy. The results of CV and EIS indicates that the peak currents and charge‐transfer resistance all had linear responses to the number of assembled layers. The multilayer‐film‐modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic properties for some species, such as dopamine hydrochloride (DA), ascorbic acid (AA), and uric acid (UA). The well‐separated voltammetric signals of DA, UA, and AA could be obtained on the assembled multilayer‐film‐modified electrode, and the peak‐to‐peak potential separations were 171, 136, and 307 mV for DA–UA, DA–AA, and UA–AA on CV, respectively. These facts showed that the multilayer‐film‐modified electrode could be used as a new sensor for the simultaneous detection of DA and UA in the presence of AA in a real sample. In addition, the multilayer films were stable, selective, and reproducible. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Characterization of composites based on recycled expanded polystyrene reinforced with curaua fibers
Authors: Borsoi Cleide , Scienza Lisete C. , Zattera Ademir J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study evaluated the mechanical, thermal, rheological, and morphological properties of virgin and recycled matrices and their composites with 20 wt % of curaua fiber. The recycling process of postconsumer polystyrene was carried out by grinding and extrusion. It was found that the recycling of expanded polystyrene did not have a major influence on the mechanical properties; however, the thermal stability was increased. The addition of curaua fibers led to increases in the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, rigidity, thermal stability and melt viscosity of the composites. The composites made with the recycled matrix revealed higher thermal stability and melt viscosity than those made with the virgin matrix. Scanning electron microscopy characterization showed empty spaces where the curaua fibers had pulled out of the matrices in the fractured regions, indicating poor interfacial adhesion without the use of a coupling agent. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Double‐metal complexation of heterogels containing cyanobacterial polysaccharides
Authors: Okajima Maiko K. , le Nguyen Quyen Thi , Nakamura Masatoshi , Ogawa Tetsuya , Kurata Hiroki , Kaneko Tatsuo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy of metal complexes with cyanobacterial polysaccharides, sacran, extracted from Aphanothece sacrum biomaterials reveals that Nd3+ complexes form networks composed of thick strings with a thickness ranging 10–20 nm while Fe2+ ones make dense entanglement of very thin strings. When Fe2+ and Nd3+ double complexation occurs, dense nanonetworks composed of thick strings with a thickness around 10 nm are formed. Next we prepared heterogels by crosslinking poly(vinyl alcohol) chains in the presence of sacran and investigated the effects of double complexation on metal sorption. The amount of Nd3+ sorbed into the heterogels in the 1 : 1 miscible solution of Fe2+ and Nd3+ is higher than that in the solution containing only Nd3+, suggesting that Fe2+ assists the Nd3+ sorption. In addition, it is found that the amount of sorbed Nd3+ is much higher than that of sorbed Fe2+ even in the acidic condition of pH 2. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Mechanistic investigation of food effect on disintegration and dissolution of BCS class III compound solid formulations: the importance of viscosity
Authors: Radwan Asma , Amidon Gordon L. , Langguth Peter 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTA negative food effect, i.e. a decrease in bioavailability upon the co‐administration of compounds together with food, has been attributed particularly with high solubility/low permeability compounds (BCS class III). Different mechanisms have been proposed including intestinal dilution leading to a lower concentration gradient across the intestinal wall as well as binding of the active pharmaceutical ingredient to food components in the intestine and thereby decreasing the fraction of the dose available for absorption. These mechanisms refer primarily to the compound and not to the dosage form. An increase in viscosity of the dissolution fluid will in particular affect the absorption of BCS type III compounds with preferential absorption in the upper small intestine if the API release is delayed from the dosage form. The present study demonstrated that the increase in viscosity of the dissolution medium, following ingestion of a solid meal, may drastically reduce disintegration and dissolution. For that purpose the viscosity of the standard FDA meal was determined and simulated by solutions of HPMC in buffer. As model formulations, three commercially available tablets containing trospium chloride, a BCS class III m‐cholinoreceptor antagonist was used. Trospium chloride drug products have been described to undergo a negative food effect of more than 80% following ingestion with food. The tablets showed prolonged disintegration times and reduced dissolution rates in viscous media, which could be attributed to changes in the liquid penetration rates. The effect was particularly significant for film‐coated tablets relative to uncoated dosage forms. The results show the necessity of considering media viscosity when designing in vitro models of drug release for BCS type III drug formulations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution in response to climate change: In pursuit of the missing evidence
Authors: Merilä Juha 
Published: July 2012

AbstractClimate change is imposing intensified and novel selection pressures on organisms by altering abiotic and biotic environmental conditions on Earth, but studies demonstrating genetic adaptation to climate change mediated selection are still scarce. Evidence is accumulating to indicate that both genetic and ecological constrains may often limit populations' abilities to adapt to large scale effects of climate warming. These constraints may predispose many organisms to respond to climate change with range shifts and phenotypic plasticity, rather than through evolutionary adaptation. In general, broad conclusions about the role of evolutionary adaptation in mitigating climate change induced fitness loss in the wild are as yet difficult to make.Editor's suggested further reading in BioEssays: How will fish that evolved at constant sub‐zero temperatures cope with global warming? Notothenioids as a case study Abstract
Chemical Classification of the Essential Oils of the Iranian Salvia Species in Comparison with Their Botanical Taxonomy
Authors: Jassbi Amir Reza , Asadollahi Mojtaba , Masroor Mahdi , Schuman Meredith C. , Mehdizadeh Zeynab , Soleimani Mahboobeh , Miri Ramin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe essential oils of eight Salvia species collected from different localities in Iran were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The analytical results were compared with those previously published for related Iranian sage species in order to identify chemical markers for these species. Salvia eremophila, S. hypoleuca, and S. reuteriana are endemic, while S. atropatana, S. chloroleuca, S. santolinifolia, S. aegyptiaca, and S. macrosiphon also grow wild in neighboring countries. We categorized the Iranian Salvia species into four main chemotypes according to their essential‐oil constituents: those which are dominated by 1) monoterpenes, 2) mono‐ and sesquiterpenes, or 3) sesquiterpenes as the major constituents, and 4) those containing low‐molecular‐weight acids, aldehydes, and esters, and green‐leaf volatiles (GLVs). Likely due to the chemical diversity of different Salvia chemotypes, this categorization was supported by principal component analysis (PCA) for the group sampled here, but not for the values reported in the literature. We identified the following chemical markers: α‐pinene, β‐pinene, 1,8‐cineol, linalool, and borneol in monoterpene‐rich species, or β‐caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, spathulenol, and caryophyllene oxide in sesquiterpene‐rich species. Among these, α‐pinene, β‐caryophyllene, and germacrene D are the most common and abundant in the Salvia species investigated. In accordance with their close biological taxonomy, the chemical similarity of the essential oils of S. santolinifolia and S. eremophila is so high that we may consider them chemically identical.
Extraction of the Essential Oil from Endemic Origanum bilgeri P.H.Davis with Two Different Methods: Comparison of the Oil Composition and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Sözmen Fazli , Uysal Burcu , Köse Elif Odabaş , Aktaş Özgür , Cinbilgel Ilker , Oksal Birsen S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe antibacterial activity and chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) isolated from Origanum bilgeri P.H.Davis by two different extraction methods, i.e., hydrodistillation (HD) and solvent‐free microwave extraction (SFME), were examined. This endemic Origanum species had shown very good antibacterial activity. The composition of the O. bilgeri EOs obtained by SFME and HD was investigated by GC/MS analysis. The main components of the oils obtained by both methods were carvacrol (90.20–84.30%), p‐cymene (3.40–5.85%), γ‐terpinene (0.47–1.20%), and thymol (0.69–1.08%). The EO isolation by SFME offered many important advantages, including a higher extraction yield, a shorter extraction time, and a higher content of the active component carvacrol. The carvacrol‐rich oils obtained by both HD and SFME showed a good antibacterial activity. The largest inhibition zones were observed for the O. bilgeri EO obtained by SFME. Our study suggests that O. bilgeri EO has the potential to be used as preventative against bacterial contamination in many foods, instead of the common synthetic antimicrobial products.
Glycosidic Inhibitors of Melanogenesis from Leaves of Momordica charantia
Authors: Kikuchi Takashi , Zhang Jie , Huang Yan , Watanabe Kensuke , Ishii Kenta , Yamamoto Ayako , Fukatsu Makoto , Tanaka Reiko , Akihisa Toshihiro 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEight glycosidic compounds, 1–8, including two new compounds, (4ξ)‐α‐terpineol 8‐O‐[α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside] (5) and myrtenol 10‐O‐[β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside] (7), were isolated from the BuOH‐soluble fraction of a MeOH extract of Momordica charantia leaves. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature. Upon evaluation of compounds 1–8 on the melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells induced with α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), these compounds were found to exhibit inhibitory activities with 7.1–27.0% and 23.6–46.4% reduction of melanin content at 30 μM and 100 μM, respectively, with no or almost no toxicity to the cells (80.0–103.5% of cell viability at 100 μM). Western blot analysis showed that compound 7 reduced the protein levels of MITF, tyrosinase, TRP‐1, and TRP‐2 mostly in a concentration‐dependent manner, suggesting that this compound inhibits melanogenesis on the α‐MSH‐stimulated B16 melanoma cells by, at least in part, inhibiting the expression of MITF, followed by decreasing the expression of tyrosinase, TRP‐1, and TRP‐2.
Environment‐Related Variations of the Composition of the Essential Oils of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) in the Balkan Penninsula
Authors: Lakušić Dmitar V. , Ristić Mihailo S. , Slavkovska Violeta N. , Šinžar‐Sekulić Jasmina B. , Lakušić Branislava S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractComposition of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis of ten populations from the Balkan Peninsula were determined by GC/FID and GC/MS. The main constituents were 1,8‐cineole, camphor, α‐pinene, and borneol. Multivariate statistical analysis (UPGMA cluster analysis and principal‐component analysis (PCA)) revealed two major types of rosemary oil, i.e., 1,8‐cineole and camphor‐type, and two intermediate types, i.e., camphor/1,8‐cineole/borneol type and 1,8‐cineole/camphor type. The regression analyses (simple linear regression and stepwise multiple regression) have shown that, with respect to basic geographic, orographic, and 19 bioclimatic characteristics of each population, bioclimatic factor temperature of habitat represented the dominant abiogenetic factor, which, in chemical sense, led to differentiation of populations in the studied region. Also, the regression analysis have shown that some constituents of essential oils are independent of any single bioclimatic factors. However, some constituents display statistically significant correlations with some abiotic factors.