bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing HPV vaccine and scaling up screening procedures to prevent deaths from cervical cancer in Japan: a cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Yamamoto N , Mori R , Jacklin P , Osuga Y , Kawana K , Shibuya K , Taketani Y 
Published: July 2011

Please cite this paper as:Yamamoto N, Mori R, Jacklin P, Osuga Y, Kawana K, Shibuya K, Taketani Y. Introducing HPV vaccine and scaling up screening procedures to prevent deaths from cervical cancer in Japan: a cost‐effectiveness analysis. BJOG 2012;119:177–186.Objective To assess the cost‐effectiveness of universal vaccination of 11‐year‐old girls against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and increased screening coverage to prevent cervical cancer in Japan where the coverage of Papanicolaou smears is very low.Design A cost–utility analysis from a societal perspective.Setting Japan, 2010.Population The female Japanese population aged 11 years or older.Methods A Markov model of the natural history of cervical cancer was constructed to compare six strategies: i.e. a screening coverage rate of 20, 50 and 80% with and without routine vaccination at age 11.Main outcome measures Cervical cancer incidence, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), costs and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios.Results Expanding the coverage of Papanicolaou smears from the current level of 20–50 and 80% yields a 45.5 and 63.1% reduction in cervical cancer incidence, respectively. Impact of combined strategies increases with coverage. Coverages of 20, 50 and 80% showed a 66.1, 80.9 and 86.8% reduction in disease, respectively. The costs of strategies with vaccination are four times higher than the cost of strategies without vaccination. Vaccinating all 11‐year‐old girls with bivalent vaccines with a Papanicolaou smear coverage rate of 50% is likely to be the most cost‐effective option among the six strategies.Conclusions The introduction of HPV vaccination in Japan is cost‐effective as in other countries. It is more cost‐effective to increase the coverage of the Papanicolaou smear along with the universal administration of HPV vaccine.
Fragmentation and comparative genetic structure of four mediterranean woody species: complex interactions between life history traits and the landscape context
Authors: Aparicio Abelardo , Hampe Arndt , Fernández‐Carrillo Laura , Albaladejo Rafael G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim  The effect of habitat fragmentation on population genetic structure results from the interaction between species’ life history traits and the particular landscape context, and both components are inherently difficult to tease apart. Here, we compare the genetic (allozyme) structure of four co‐occurring woody species with contrasting life histories to explore how well their response to the same fragmentation process can be predicted from their functional traits.Location  A highly fragmented forest landscape located in the lower Guadalquivir catchment, south‐western Spain.Methods  We sampled four species (Cistus salviifolius, Myrtus communis, Pistacia lentiscus and Quercus coccifera) from the same 23 forest fragments known to form a representative array of habitat characteristics in the region. We assessed genetic diversity (A, He and Ng) and differentiation (FIS and FST) for each species and explored their potential drivers using a model‐selection approach with four fragment features (size, historical and current connectivity, and stability) as predictor variables.Results  Regional‐scale genetic diversity increased from the shortest‐lived to the longest‐lived species, while population differentiation of the self‐compatible species was roughly double that of the three self‐incompatible species. Fragment size was the only feature that did not consistently affect the genetic diversity of local populations across all species. Three species showed signs of being affected by fragmentation, yet each responded differently to the set of fragment features considered. We observed several trends that were at odds with simple life history‐based predictions but could arise from patterns of gene flow and/or local‐scale demographic processes.Main conclusions  Our comparative study of various landscape features and species underscores that the same fragmentation process can have very different, and complex, consequences for the population genetic structure of plants. This idiosyncrasy renders generalizations across natural systems very difficult and highlights the need of context‐oriented guidelines for an efficient conservation management of species‐rich landscapes.
Novel intraocular and systemic absorption drug delivery and efficacy of N‐acetylcarnosine lubricant eye drops or carcinine biologics in pharmaceutical usage and therapeutic vision care
Authors: Babizhayev Mark A. , Khoroshilova‐Maslova Inna P. , Kasus‐Jacobi Anne 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe latest estimates of the World Health Organization indicate that there are 161 million visually impaired individuals worldwide, 37 million of whom are blind, with a yearly increase of 1–2 million. The scientists developed and patented the lubricant eye drops formulated as 1%N‐acetylcarnosine prodrug of l‐carnosine containing a mucoadhesive cellulose‐based compound combined with corneal absorption promoters in an ocular drug delivery system. Carcinine is suitable for the systemic administration (per oral) for ophthalmic therapeutic indications. The HPLC analysis was developed to search the pathways of ocular metabolic activities of 1%N‐acetylcarnosine and the bioactivation of this drug molecule promoting transcorneal uptake of l‐carnosine in the aqueous humor. A meta‐analysis of phase 2 randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial data was conducted. The intraocular absorbed l‐carnosine demonstrated a number of pharmacological mechanisms of prevention and reversal of cataracts. Results of systemic absorption of l‐carnosine provide tuberomammillary activation that regulates neuronal functions such as hypothalamic control promoting sensory input in the primary vision perceptual pathway. The parabulbar, subconjunctival, and intravitreal injection of carcinine with most of the vehicle removed is not toxic to intraocular structures, reduces postoperative intraocular inflammation, is a potentially useful tool in the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy as well as considered as the antiapoptotic drug for the protection of photoreceptor cells from oxidative light‐induced stress. The discovery of naturally occurring carnosine derivatives introduces N‐acetylcarnosine and carcinine as effective medical treatment for sight‐threatening eye disorders.
Evidence for the involvement of the serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic systems in the antidepressant‐like action of riparin III obtained from Aniba riparia (Nees) Mez (Lauraceae) in mice
Authors: Melo Carla Thiciane Vasconcelos , de Carvalho Alyne Mara Rodrigues , Moura Brinell Arcanjo , Teixeira Caroline Porto Leite , Vasconcelos Leonardo Freire , Feitosa Mariana Lima , de Oliveira Gersilene Valente , Barbosa‐Filho José Maria , Chavez Gutierrez Stanley Juan , de França Fonteles Marta Maria , Vasconcelos Silvânia Maria Mendes , de Sousa Francisca Cléa Florenço 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPrevious work has shown that intraperitoneal administration of riparin III (ripIII) reduces immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST), which suggests potential antidepressant activity. As the mechanism of action is not completely understood, this study is aimed at investigating the antidepressant‐like action of ripIII. Following intraperitoneal administration of ripIII at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg, there were decreases in the immobility time in the FST and tail suspension test without accompanying changes in ambulation (data not shown). The pretreatment of mice with sulpiride (50 mg/kg, i.p.), prazosin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), and p‐chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 100 mg/kg, i.p. for, four consecutive days) significantly prevented the anti‐immobility effect of ripIII in the FST. On the other hand, the anti‐immobility effect of ripIII (50 mg/kg, v.o.) was not altered by pretreatment of mice with SCH23390 (15 μg/kg, i.p.) Furthermore, ripIII potentiated the sleeping latency and sleeping time of the pentobarbital‐induced sleeping time test and also potentiated apomorphine (16 mg/kg, i.p.)‐induced hypothermia in mice. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that the antidepressant‐like effect of ripIII is dependent on its interaction with the serotonergic, noradrenergic (α1‐ and α2‐ receptors), and dopaminergic (dopamine D2 receptors) systems.
The summer treatment program meets the south side of Chicago: bridging science and service in urban after‐school programs
Authors: Frazier Stacy L. , Chacko Anil , Van Gessel Christine , O’Boyle Caroline , Pelham William E. 
Published: July 2011

Background:  This paper describes efforts to apply the principles and strategies of an empirically‐supported treatment for children with disruptive behaviour problems to a park after‐school program serving children in urban poverty.Method:  Collaboration with staff proceeded in stages: (1) relationship building, needs assessment, and resource mapping; (2) intervention adaptation and implementation; and (3) implementation support, problem‐solving, and sustainability.Results:  Four tools capitalised on inherent strengths of the parks, accommodated child and staff needs, and emerged as feasible and effective: Group Discussion, Good Behaviour Game, Peers as Leaders, and Good News Notes.Conclusions:  Recreational settings offer opportunities for mental health promotion for children in urban poverty.
Microvascular responsiveness in obesity: implications for therapeutic intervention
Authors: Bagi Zsolt , Feher Attila , Cassuto James 
Published: July 2011

Obesity has detrimental effects on the microcirculation. Functional changes in microvascular responsiveness may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular complications in obese patients. Emerging evidence indicates that selective therapeutic targeting of the microvessels may prevent life‐threatening obesity‐related vascular complications, such as ischaemic heart disease, heart failure and hypertension. It is also plausible that alterations in adipose tissue microcirculation contribute to the development of obesity. Therefore, targeting adipose tissue arterioles could represent a novel approach to reducing obesity. This review aims to examine recent studies that have been focused on vasomotor dysfunction of resistance arteries in obese humans and animal models of obesity. Particularly, findings in coronary resistance arteries are contrasted to those obtained in other vascular beds. We provide examples of therapeutic attempts, such as use of statins, ACE inhibitors and insulin sensitizers to prevent obesity‐related microvascular complications. We further identify some of the important challenges and opportunities going forward.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Fat and Vascular Responsiveness. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue‐3
The Relationship Between rs3779084 in the Dopa Decarboxylase (DDC) Gene and Alcohol Consumption is Mediated by Drinking Motives in Regular Smokers
Authors: Kristjansson Sean D. , Agrawal Arpana , Lessov‐Schlaggar Christina N. , Madden Pamela A. F. , Lynne Cooper M. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Sher Kenneth J. , Lynskey Michael T. , Heath Andrew C. 
Published: July 2011

Background:  Motivational models of alcohol use propose that the motivation to consume alcohol is the final common pathway to its use. Both alcohol consumption and drinking motives are influenced by latent genetic factors that partially overlap. This study investigated whether drinking motives mediate the associations between alcohol consumption and 2 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genes involved in serotonin (TPH2; rs1386496) and dopamine synthesis (DDC; rs3779084). Based on earlier work showing that enhancement and coping motives were heritable in regular smokers but not in nonregular smokers, we hypothesized these motives would mediate the relationships between alcohol consumption and these SNPs in regular smokers.
Methods:  Drinking motives data were available from 830 young adult female twins (n = 344 regular smokers and n = 486 never/nonregular smokers). We used confirmatory factor analyses to model enhancement, coping, and alcohol consumption factors and to conduct mediation analyses in the regular smoker and never/nonregular smoker groups.
Results:  Our hypothesis was partially supported. The relationship between alcohol consumption and rs1386496 was not mediated by drinking motives in either group. However, in the regular smokers, the relationship between alcohol consumption and rs3779084 was mediated by enhancement and coping motives. Carriers of the rs3779084 minor allele who were regular smokers reported more motivation to consume alcohol. Given this pattern of results was absent in the never/nonregular smokers, our results are consistent with a gene × smoking status interaction.
Conclusions:  In regular smokers, variability at the locus marked by rs3779084 in the DDC gene appears to index biologically based individual differences in the motivation to consume alcohol to attain or improve a positive affective state or to relieve a negative one. These results could be because of increased sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of alcohol among minor allele carriers who smoke, which might be due to structural or functional differences in mesorticolimic dopamine “reward” circuitry.
Hepatic Safety and Antiretroviral Effectiveness in HIV‐Infected Patients Receiving Naltrexone
Authors: Tetrault Jeanette M. , Tate Janet P. , McGinnis Kathleen A. , Goulet Joseph L. , Sullivan Lynn E. , Bryant Kendall , Justice Amy C. , Fiellin David A. ,   For the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Team
Published: July 2011

Background:  We sought to determine the impact of naltrexone on hepatic enzymes and HIV biomarkers in HIV‐infected patients.
Methods:  We used data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study‐Virtual Cohort, an electronic database of administrative, pharmacy, and laboratory data. We restricted our sample to HIV‐infected patients who received an initial oral naltrexone prescription of at least 7 days duration. We examined aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and HIV biomarker (CD4 and HIV RNA) values for the 365 days prior to, during, and for the 365 days post‐naltrexone prescription. We also examined cases of liver enzyme elevation (LEE; defined as >5 times baseline ALT or AST or >3.5 times baseline if baseline ALT or AST was >40 IU/l).
Results:  Of 114 HIV‐infected individuals, 97% were men, 45% white, 57% Hepatitis C co‐infected; median age was 49 years; 89% of the sample had a history of alcohol dependence and 32% had opioid dependence. Median duration of naltrexone prescription was 49 (interquartile range 30 to 83) days, representing 9,525 person‐days of naltrexone use. Mean ALT and AST levels remained below the upper limit of normal. Two cases of LEE occurred. Mean CD4 count remained stable and mean HIV RNA decreased after naltrexone prescription.
Conclusions:  In HIV‐infected patients, oral naltrexone is rarely associated with clinically significant ALT or AST changes and does not have a negative impact on biologic parameters. Therefore, HIV‐infected patients with alcohol or opioid dependence can be treated with naltrexone.
Association Between Higher Levels of Sexual Function, Activity, and Satisfaction and Self‐Rated Successful Aging in Older Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Thompson Wesley K. , Charo Lindsey , Vahia Ipsit V. , Depp Colin , Allison Matthew , Jeste Dilip V. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether measures of successful aging are associated with sexual activity, satisfaction, and function in older postmenopausal women.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional study using self‐report surveys; analyses included chi‐square and t‐tests and multiple linear regression analyses.SETTING: Community‐dwelling older postmenopausal women in the greater San Diego region.PARTICIPANTS: One thousand two hundred thirty‐five community‐dwelling women aged 60 to 89 participating at the San Diego site of the Women's Health Initiative.MEASUREMENTS: Demographic information and self‐reported measures of sexual activity, function, and satisfaction and successful aging.RESULTS: Sexual activity and functioning (desire, arousal, vaginal tightness, use of lubricants, and ability to climax) were negatively associated with age, as were physical and mental health. In contrast, sexual satisfaction and self‐rated successful aging and quality of life remained unchanged across age groups. Successful aging measures were positively associated with sexual measures, especially self‐rated quality of life and sexual satisfaction.CONCLUSION: Self‐rated successful aging, quality of life, and sexual satisfaction appear to be stable in the face of declines in physical health, some cognitive abilities, and sexual activity and function and positively associated with each other from age 60 to 89.
A Life Course Model of Cognitive Activities, Socioeconomic Status, Education, Reading Ability, and Cognition
Authors: Jefferson Angela L. , Gibbons Laura E. , Rentz Dorene M. , Carvalho Janessa O. , Manly Jennifer , Bennett David A. , Jones Richard N. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVES: To cross‐sectionally quantify the contribution of proxy measures of cognitive reserve reflective of the lifespan, such as education, socioeconomic status (SES), reading ability, and cognitive activities, in explaining late‐life cognition.DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study of aging.SETTING: Retirement communities across the Chicago metropolitan area.PARTICIPANTS: Nine hundred fifty‐one older adults free of clinical dementia in the Rush Memory and Aging Project (aged 79±8, 74% female).MEASUREMENTS: Baseline data on multiple life course factors included early‐, mid‐, and late‐life participation in cognitive activities; early‐life and adult SES; education; and reading ability (National Adult Reading Test; NART). Path analysis quantified direct and indirect standardized effects of life course factors on global cognition and five cognitive domains (episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, visuospatial ability, perceptual speed).RESULTS: Adjusting for age, sex, and race, education had the strongest association with global cognition, episodic memory, semantic memory, and visuospatial ability, whereas NART (followed by education) had the strongest association with working memory. Late‐life cognitive activities had the strongest association with perceptual speed, followed by education.CONCLUSIONS: These cross‐sectional findings suggest that education and reading ability are the most‐robust proxy measures of cognitive reserve in relation to late‐life cognition. Additional research leveraging path analysis is warranted to better understand how these life course factors, reflecting the latent construct of cognitive reserve, affect abnormal cognitive aging.
Anxiety, Depression, and 1‐Year Incident Cognitive Impairment in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Potvin Olivier , Forget Hélène , Grenier Sébastien , Préville Michel , Hudon Carol 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVES: To examine in men and women the independent associations between anxiety and depression and 1‐year incident cognitive impairment and to examine the association of cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) and incident cognitive impairment with 1‐year incident anxiety or depression.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: General community.PARTICIPANTS: Population‐based sample of 1,942 individuals aged 65 to 96.MEASUREMENTS: Two structured interviews 12 months apart evaluated anxiety and mood symptoms and disorders according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria. Incident cognitive impairment was defined as no CIND at baseline and a follow‐up Mini‐Mental State Examination score at least 2 points below baseline and below the 15th percentile according to normative data. The associations between cognitive impairment and anxiety or depression were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.RESULTS: Incident cognitive impairment was, independently of depression, associated with baseline anxiety disorders in men (odds ratio (OR)=6.27, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.39–28.29) and anxiety symptoms in women (OR=2.14, 95%=1.06–4.34). Moreover, the results indicated that depression disorders in men (OR=8.87, 95%=2.13–36.96) and anxiety symptoms in women (OR=4.31, 95%=1.74–10.67) were particularly linked to incident amnestic cognitive impairment, whereas anxiety disorders in men (OR=12.01, 95%=1.73–83.26) were especially associated with incident nonamnestic cognitive impairment. CIND at baseline and incident cognitive impairment were not associated with incident anxiety or depression.CONCLUSION: Anxiety and depression appear to have different relationships with incident cognitive impairment according to sex and the nature of cognitive impairment. Clinicians should pay particular attention to anxiety in older adults because it may shortly be followed by incident cognitive treatment.
Impact of Defibrillation Test Protocol and Test Repetition on the Probability of Meeting Implant Criteria
Authors: SMITS KAREL , VIRAG NATHALIE 
Published: July 2011

Background: Defibrillation testing is a common procedure at defibrillator implant, with the purpose to ensure that each patient receives a device‐lead system with a sufficient shock efficacy. The objective of this paper was to study the influence of defibrillation test protocols on the probability of passing implant testing.
Methods: Defibrillation shock efficacy as a function of shock energy was modeled by a dose‐response relationship estimated from the clinical data of the PainFREE Rx II study on 564 patients. A Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the outcomes of 12 commonly used defibrillation efficacy test protocols: four safety margin tests and eight protocols estimating the defibrillation threshold (DFT).
Results: The probabilities of failing 20‐J and 25‐J implant criteria for the different protocols ranged from 0.9% to 6.3% for 20 J and 0.3% to 3.4% for 25 J. Large variations in consecutively measured DFT values in the same patients were observed. Best results in the identification of “high risk” patients were obtained with the 2/2 safety margin protocol with an implant criterion of 20 J. The study also showed that the probability of patients inappropriately passing the implant criterion increased when the defibrillation test was repeated after initial failure.
Conclusion: The defibrillation test protocol greatly influences the probability of meeting implant criterion. Therefore, these test protocols should be standardized. The model developed in this study, could be used to further understand their impact and to derive recommendations. (PACE 2011; 34:1515–1526)