bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Effect of Hsp90 Inhibitor Geldanamycin and Parthenolide via Reactive Oxygen Species‐Mediated Apoptotic Process on Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Lee Chung S. , Kim Yun J. , Lee Seon A. , Myung Soon C. , Kim Wonyong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin and parthenolide have been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the combined effect of geldanamycin and parthenolide on epithelial ovarian cancer cells has not been studied. In respect of cell death process, we investigated the promoting effect of parthenolide on geldanamycin‐induced apoptosis in the human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell lines OVCAR‐3 and SK‐OV‐3. Geldanamycin induced a decrease in Bid, Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL and survivin protein levels; an increase in Bax and tumour suppressor p53 levels; loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential; cytochrome c release; activation of caspases (‐8, ‐9 and ‐3); cleavage of PARP‐1; and increase in the reactive oxygen species formation. Parthenolide enhanced geldanamycin‐induced changes in the apoptosis‐related protein levels, reactive oxygen species formation, nuclear damage and cell death. The combined effect was inhibited by the addition of oxidant scavengers. The results suggest that parthenolide may potentiate the apoptotic effect of geldanamycin on ovarian carcinoma cell lines by the activation of the caspase‐8‐ and Bid‐dependent pathway and the mitochondria‐mediated apoptotic pathway. The apoptosis‐promoting effect seems to be mediated by the stimulatory effect on the formation of reactive oxygen species.
Fluctuating αO dynamos by iterated matrices
Authors: Richardson K. J. , Proctor M. R. E. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Recent publications have suggested various scaling laws for dynamo growth rates when dynamo action is made possible or enhanced by shear. In order to understand the relation between the different scalings, we study a simple model mean field dynamo, in which the α-effect is piecewise constant in time, allowing a simple derivation of the growth rates in terms of iterated matrices. It is found that all the different scaling laws that appear in earlier work can be seen in different parameter regimes.
Steller sea lion spatial‐use patterns derived from a Bayesian model of opportunistic observations
Authors: Himes Boor Gina K. , Small Robert J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDespite acquisition of a substantial catalog of telemetry data from Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) over the past two decades, scientists still lack comprehensive regionally explicit knowledge about Steller sea lion habitat use. The Platforms of Opportunity data contain records of Steller sea lion sightings throughout the species’ entire range and have potential to fill gaps in knowledge about their spatial use; however, the data have not previously been used because effort (e.g., time spent surveying or area sampled) was not recorded when sightings were obtained. For this study a novel approach was used to overcome the lack of effort data through development of an effort index and a Bayesian negative binomial model. The model quantified Steller sea lion encounter rates and associated uncertainty within 15 × 15 km2grid cells across the species’ entire range. Year‐round, as well as breeding and nonbreeding season encounter rates were estimated. The results of this analysis identify several previously undocumented areas of high use by Steller sea lions, indicate that only 37% of Steller sea lion high‐use areas fall within designated critical habitat, and demonstrate that use of depth and distance from shore as indicators of Steller sea lion habitat is contraindicated.
The Human Child's Nature Orientation
Authors: Lee Patrick C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article pursues 3 interwoven objectives: to explore the hypothesis that the human child has a basic and developmentally significant orientation toward nature; to show that embracing this hypothesis would enrich and expand, rather than contest, the field's prevailing sociocultural account of child development; and, finally, to show that the hypothesis already enjoys a good fit with an emerging body of empirical findings. The article begins with a brief overview of the child's evolutionary background that centers on 2 constructs—Wilson's “biophilia” and Shipman's “animal connection.” It then turns to a discussion of 3 related areas of developmental research: children's interaction with pets, children's attitudes toward nature, and the animate–inanimate distinction. The article concludes with the proposal that this new emphasis on the human child's nature orientation may better position the field to address 21st‐century environmental issues and policy as they affect the child.
Discordant introgression in a rapidly expanding hybrid swarm
Authors: Ward Jessica L. , Blum Mike J. , Walters David M. , Porter Brady A. , Burkhead Noel , Freeman Byron 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe erosion of species boundaries can involve rapid evolutionary change. Consequently, many aspects of the process remain poorly understood, including the formation, expansion, and evolution of hybrid swarms. Biological invasions involving hybridization present exceptional opportunities to study the erosion of species boundaries because timelines of interactions and outcomes are frequently well known. Here, we examined clinal variation across codominant and maternally inherited genetic markers as well as phenotypic traits to characterize the expansion and evolution of a hybrid swarm between nativeCyprinella venustaand invasiveCyprinella lutrensisminnows. Discordant introgression of phenotype, microsatellite multilocus genotype, and mtDNA haplotype indicates that the observable expansion of theC. venusta × C. lutrensishybrid swarm is a false invasion front. Both parental and hybrid individuals closely resemblingC. lutrensisare numerically dominant in the expansion wake, indicating that the non‐native parental phenotype may be selectively favored. These findings show that cryptic introgression can extend beyond the phenotypic boundaries of hybrid swarms and that hybrid swarms likely expand more rapidly than can be documented from phenotypic variation alone. Similarly, dominance of a single parental phenotype following an introduction event may lead to instances of species erosion being mistaken for species displacement without hybridization.
Oral health literacy: a pathway to reducing oral health disparities in Maryland
Authors: Horowitz Alice M. , Kleinman Dushanka V. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOral health literacy is a relatively new but critical concept in our efforts to decrease disparities and increase oral health for all Marylanders. Oral health literacy is important because low health literacy contributes to disease which results in increased costs for all of us. Those with low health literacy are usually at highest risk for oral diseases and problems. These individuals include the poor, those with low levels of education, minorities, and the elderly. Prompted by the untimely demise of Deamonte Driver, Maryland has taken the lead in developing a statewide approach to improving oral health literacy with the ultimate objective of reducing disparities.
Outcomes of oral cancer early detection and prevention statewide model in Maryland
Authors: Maybury Catherine , Horowitz Alice M. , Goodman Harold S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA high oral cancer mortality rate and a moderately high oral cancer incidence rate prompted Maryland to develop a statewide approach to oral cancer early detection and prevention. This approach can serve as a model for other states. Key lessons learned include the need to: develop a comprehensive plan that focuses on actions to increase awareness, education and training for the public, dental and non‐dental providers and policy makers; include oral cancer in the state's comprehensive cancer control plan to keep attention focused on this disease; and maintain high vigilance among stakeholders to keep oral cancer prevention and early detection a high priority within the state. Future efforts will focus on: requiring all dental and dental hygiene students to perform a set number of supervised oral cancer examinations for licensure to ensure a dental workforce that is competent and predisposed to providing routine oral cancer examinations; training health care providers such as doctors, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants to perform oral cancer examinations as part of a comprehensive cancer screening exam to expand the number of individuals that receive oral cancer examinations; and continuing to educate the public about oral cancer risk factors, its symptoms, and ways to prevent it.
Breaking the cycle in Maryland: oral health policy change in the face of tragedy
Authors: Thuku Njeri M. , Carulli Kelly , Costello Stacy , Goodman Harold S. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryIn response to the death of a young child, efforts by many partners have enabled Maryland to institute oral health reforms that ensure that low‐income children remain visible and have continued access to dental services. This paper shows how proponents of oral health in Maryland used issues that were already on the oral health policy agenda to break the cycle of nonaction and become a role model for other states. Deriving from the knowledge and advice of an advisory committee, Maryland administrators and state and federal legislators, with the support of many community partners, took appropriate action to elevate the oral health agenda. Maryland continues to address oral health issues, ensuring that the policy agenda is inclusive of all its citizens.
Enhancing government's policy management and decision‐making system: The case of Ghana's central governance reforms project
Authors: Appiah‐Adu Kwaku , Aning Samuel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCountries around the world are investing in the improvement of policy capacity in their public services. Ghana has made similar investments during the last decade, in order to achieve the government's far‐reaching policy agenda of transforming Ghana's economy. The Ghana Central Governance Project was initiated during the year 2000 in order to develop a skilled civil service, capable of moving coherently and effectively from policy and strategy to detailed policy options, budgeted programs and concrete results. This reform was deemed essential to the realization of the government's ambitious agenda.
Influence of dependent personality status on the outcome and health service costs of health anxiety
Authors: Tyrer Helen , Tyrer Peter , Barrett Barbara 
Published: March 2012

Objective: To assess the effect of dependent personality disturbance as an influence on the cost and clinical outcome of health anxiety. Method: In the course of a randomized trial of treatments for patients with high health anxiety over 12 months, we also recorded dependent personality status by two methods: the Personality Assessment Schedule (an observer-rated instrument) and the self-rated Dependent Personality Questionnaire (DPQ), the latter being administered at baseline, six months and 12 months. The two main hypotheses tested were that patients with dependent personality features would have a worse outcome and attract greater health service costs. Results: Forty-nine patients took part in the trial; all had baseline dependent personality data, 44 provided health service costs, and 38 had observer-rated personality assessments. At baseline patients with any personality disorder had higher clinical ratings for health anxiety, and dependent personality disturbance, mainly in the form of personality difficulty, was associated with a worse outcome than those without dependent personalities after correction for baseline differences. The DPQ at a score of 15 successfully identified all patients with dependent personality disorder in both ICD and DSM classifications and showed a significant but relatively modest reduction in scores of 1.5 (13%) during the course of the 12-month trial. Costs in those separated by personality status showed those with dependent personality incurred 45% more health service costs than those without these personality characteristics ( p = .10). No patient with dependent personality disorder dropped out of treatment compared with 6 out of 38 (16%) of those with no dependence. Conclusions: The DPQ is probably a reliable instrument for assessing dependent personality characteristics without the need for interview and its scores, unlike many ratings of personality, are stable over time. The findings may have been influenced by different responses to those treated in the trial with cognitive behaviour therapy compared with control treatment.
Elevated serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein concentrations are independently associated with renal dysfunction in patients with stable angina pectoris
Authors: Iwamoto Mutsumi , Miyoshi Toru , Doi Masayuki , Takeda Ko , Kajiya Masahito , Nosaka Kazumasa , Nakayama Rie , Hirohata Satoshi , Usui Shinichi , Kusachi Shozo , Sakane Kosuke , Nakamura Kazuhfumi , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with cardiovascular events. Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) plays an important role in atherosclerosis. We investigated whether plasma A-FABP is involved in renal function in patients with stable angina pectoris.

Methods
A total of 221 patients with significant coronary artery stenosis were enrolled after coronary angiography. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. The severity of coronary stenosis was assessed using a modified Gensini score and coronary angiography. Serum A-FABP levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Serum A-FABP levels were significantly correlated with both eGFR (r = -0.41, p < 0.01) and the severity of coronary artery stenosis (r = 0.16, p = 0.02), and these relationships remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors. The prevalence of CKD and multi-vessel disease was significantly higher among patients with serum A-FABP levels above the median value of 20.3 ng/ml than among patients with serum A-FABP levels below the median value (57% vs. 27%, p < 0.01 and 64% vs. 48%, p = 0.02, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of three-vessel disease in comparison with single-vessel disease was independently associated with the higher A-FABP (per doubling) (odds ratio; 2.26, 95% confidential interval; 1.28-3.98, p < 0.01) and tended to be associated with the lower eGFR (p = 0.06).

Conclusion
Serum A-FABP may have a significant role in the interplay between renal dysfunction and coronary atherosclerosis.
The cerebrospinal fluid proteome in HIV infection: change associated with disease severity
Authors: Angel Thomas E , Jacobs Jon M , Spudich Serena S , Gritsenko Marina A , Fuchs Dietmar , Liegler Teri , Zetterberg Henrik , Camp David G , Price Richard W , Smith Richard D 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) infection is a nearly universal feature of untreated systemic HIV infection with a clinical spectrum that ranges from chronic asymptomatic infection to severe cognitive and motor dysfunction. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has played an important part in defining the character of this evolving infection and response to treatment. To further characterize CNS HIV infection and its effects, we applied advanced high-throughput proteomic methods to CSF to identify novel proteins and their changes with disease progression and treatment.ResultsAfter establishing anaccurate mass and time(AMT) tag database containing 23,141 AMT tags for CSF peptides, we analyzed 91 CSF samples by LC-MS from 12 HIV-uninfected and 14 HIV-infected subjects studied in the context of initiation of antiretroviral therapy and correlated abundances of identified proteins a) within and between subjects, b) with all other proteins across the entire sample set, and c) with "external" CSF biomarkers of infection (HIV RNA), immune activation (neopterin) and neural injury (neurofilament light chain protein, NFL). We identified a mean of 2,333 +/- 328 (SD) peptides covering 307 +/-16 proteins in the 91 CSF sample set. Protein abundances differed both between and within subjects sampled at different time points and readily separated those with and without HIV infection. Proteins also showed inter-correlations across the sample set that were associated with biologically relevant dynamic processes. One-hundred and fifty proteins showed correlations with the external biomarkers. For example, using a threshold of cross correlation coefficient (Pearson's) ≤ -0.3 and ≥0.3 for potentially meaningful relationships, a total of 99 proteins correlated with CSF neopterin (43 negative and 56 positive correlations) and related principally to neuronal plasticity and survival and to innate immunity. Pathway analysis defined several networks connecting the identified proteins, including one with amyloid precursor protein as a central node.ConclusionsAdvanced CSF proteomic analysis enabled the identification of an array of novel protein changes across the spectrum of CNS HIV infection and disease. This initial analysis clearly demonstrated the value of contemporary state-of-the-art proteomic CSF analysis as a discovery tool in HIV infection with likely similar application to other neurological inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
Food aroma affects bite size
Authors: de Wijk René A , Polet Ilse A , Boek Wilbert , Coenraad Saskia , Bult Johannes HF 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
To evaluate the effect of food aroma on bite size, a semisolid vanilla custard dessert was delivered repeatedly into the mouth of test subjects using a pump while various concentrations of cream aroma were presented retronasally to the nose. Termination of the pump, which determined bite size, was controlled by the subject via a push button. Over 30 trials with 10 subjects, the custard was presented randomly either without an aroma, or with aromas presented below or near the detection threshold.

Results
Results for ten subjects (four females and six males), aged between 26 and 50 years, indicated that aroma intensity affected the size of the corresponding bite as well as that of subsequent bites. Higher aroma intensities resulted in significantly smaller sizes.

Conclusions
These results suggest that bite size control during eating is a highly dynamic process affected by the sensations experienced during the current and previous bites.
Intracellular pH regulation in unstimulatedCalliphorasalivary glands is Na+ dependent and requires V-ATPase activity
Authors: Schewe Bettina , Blenau Wolfgang , Walz Bernd 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYSalivary gland cells of the blowfly Calliphora vicina have a vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) that lies in their apical membrane and energizes the secretion of a KCl-rich primary saliva upon stimulation with serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). Whether and to what extent V-ATPase contributes to intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in unstimulated gland cells is unknown. We used the fluorescent dye BCECF to study intracellular pHi regulation microfluorometrically and show that: (1) under resting conditions, the application of Na+-free physiological saline induces an intracellular alkalinization attributable to the inhibition of the activity of a Na+-dependent glutamate transporter; (2) the maintenance of resting pHi is Na+, Cl–, concanamycin A and DIDS sensitive; (3) recovery from an intracellular acid load is Na+ sensitive and requires V-ATPase activity; (4) the Na+/H+ antiporter is not involved in pHi recovery after a NH4Cl prepulse; and (5) at least one Na+-dependent transporter and the V-ATPase maintain recovery from an intracellular acid load. Thus, under resting conditions, the V-ATPase and at least one Na+-dependent transporter maintain normal pHi values of pH 7.5. We have also detected the presence of a Na+-dependent glutamate transporter, which seems to act as an acid loader. Despite this not being a common pHi-regulating transporter, its activity affects steady-state pHi in C. vicina salivary gland cells.
Metabolism and energy supply below the critical thermal minimum of a chill-susceptible insect
Authors: MacMillan Heath A. , Williams Caroline M. , Staples James F. , Sinclair Brent J. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARY
When exposed to temperatures below their critical thermal minimum (CTmin), insects enter chill-coma and accumulate chilling injuries. While the critical thermal limits of water-breathing marine animals may be caused by oxygen- and capacity-limitation of thermal tolerance (OCLT), the mechanisms are poorly understood in air-breathing terrestrial insects. We used thermolimit respirometry to characterize entry into chill-coma in a laboratory population of fall field crickets (Gryllus pennsylvanicus). To detect potential oxygen limitation, we quantified muscle ATP, lactate and alanine concentrations in crickets following prolonged exposure to 0°C (a temperature that causes chill-coma, chilling injury and eventual death). Although there was a sharp (44%) drop in the rate of CO2 emission at the CTmin and spiracular control was lost, there was a low, continuous rate of CO2 release throughout chill-coma, indicating that the spiracles were open and gas exchange could occur through the tracheal system. Prolonged exposure to 0°C caused muscle ATP levels to increase marginally (rather than decrease as OCLT would predict), and there was no change in muscle lactate or alanine concentration. Thus, it appears that insects are not susceptible to OCLT at low temperatures but that the CTmin may instead be set by temperature effects on whole-animal ion homeostasis.
The effects of muscimol and AMN082 injections into the medial prefrontal cortex on the expression and extinction of conditioned fear in mice
Authors: Morawska Marta M. , Fendt Markus 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARY
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), in particular its infralimbic part, is a key region in mediating the extinction of conditioned fear. There is some evidence that the metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) may be involved in the mediation or modulation of extinction. The aim of present study was to assess the potential role of mGluR7 in the mPFC in the extinction of conditioned fear in mice by local injections of AMN082, a positive allosteric modulator of mGluR7. Furthermore, for comparison we injected the GABA-A receptor agonist muscimol, which should lead to a temporary inactivation of mPFC. We found impaired between-session extinction of conditioned fear for the muscimol group as well as a decrease in fear expression. However, local injections of AMN082 into the mPFC had no effects. Overall, the results of the experiment add to a growing body of evidence that mPFC, especially the infralimbic region, is crucial in the extinction of fear memory.
The Effect of Neighborhood Diversity on Volunteering: Evidence From New Zealand
Authors: Clark Jeremy , Kim Bonggeun 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A growing empirical literature has found that neighborhood heterogeneity lowers people’s likelihood of contributing to public goods. However, this literature has been mostly cross-sectional, and so struggled to address the effects of unobserved influences on contributions that may be correlated with heterogeneity. It has also paid little attention to how heterogeneity’s estimated effects are influenced by neighborhood size or the concavity of heterogeneity measures. With access to a panel of three waves of census data on volunteering rates in New Zealand, released at two fine levels of aggregation, we can control for stable unobserved neighborhood characteristics that may affect volunteering rates. We use pooled cross-section, between and fixed effects regressions to test whether volunteering rates are lowered by heterogeneity in race/ethnicity, language, birthplace, or income. We find that estimates are affected by neighborhood definition, and that ethnic and language heterogeneity are robustly associated with lower volunteering rates in New Zealand.