bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite monitoring of summer heat waves in the Paris metropolitan area
Authors: Dousset Bénédicte , Gourmelon Françoise , Laaidi Karine , Zeghnoun Abdelkrim , Giraudet Emmanuel , Bretin Philippe , Mauri Elena , Vandentorren Stéphanie 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSummer warming trends in Western Europe are increasing the incidence, intensity and duration of heat waves. They are especially deadly in large cities owing to population density, physical surface properties, anthropogenic heat and pollutants. In August 2003, for 9 consecutive days, the Paris metropolitan area experienced an extreme heat wave that caused 4867 estimated heat‐related deaths. A set of 61 NOAA‐AVHRR (advanced very high‐resolution radiometer) images and one SPOT‐high resolution visible (HRV) image were used to analyse the spatial variations of land surface temperature (LST) over the diurnal cycle during the heat wave. The LST patterns were markedly different between daytime and night‐time. A heat island was centred downtown at night, whereas multiple temperature anomalies were scattered in the industrial suburbs during the day. The heat wave corresponded to elevated nocturnal LST compared to normal summers. The highest mortality ratios matched the spatial distribution of the highest night‐time LSTs, but were not related to the highest daytime LSTs. LSTs were sampled from images at the addresses of 482 elderly people (half were deceased persons and half were control ones) to produce daily and cumulative minimal, maximal and mean thermal indicators, over various periods of time. These indicators were integrated into a conditional logistic regression model to test their use as heat exposure indicators, based on risk factors. Over the period 1–13 August, thermal indicators taking into account minimum nocturnal temperatures averaged over 7 days or over the whole period were significantly linked to mortality. These results show the extent of the spatial variability in urban climate variables and the impact of night‐time temperatures on excess mortality. These results should be used to inform policy and contingency planning in relation to heat waves, and highlight the role that satellite remote sensing can play in documenting and preventing heat‐related mortality. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Computational study of enantioseparation by amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)‐based chiral stationary phase
Authors: Li Yangyang , Liu Donghui , Wang Peng , Zhou Zhiqiang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe mechanism of chiral separation on amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) is studied with docking simulations of enantiomers by molecular dynamics. All‐atom models of amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) on the modified silica gel surface were constructed for the docking simulations of metalaxyl and benalaxyl. The elution orders and energetic differences were also predicted based on the intermolecular interactions, which were in agreement with the experimental results. The radial distribution function was employed to analyze the structural features of the enantiomer‐chiral stationary phase complex and used to elucidate the mechanism of chiral separation. The separation of metalaxyl and benalaxyl is mainly controlled by the hydrogen bond. And the binding sites had slight differences for the pair of enantiomers, but obvious differences between different chemicals.
An evaluation of competing models for the structure of PTSD symptoms using external measures of comorbidity
Authors: Miller Mark W. , Wolf Erika J. , Harrington Kelly M. , Brown Timothy A. , Kaloupek Danny G. , Keane Terence M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractResearch on the structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms has yielded support for two 4‐factor models: the King (King, Leskin, King, & Weathers, 1998) and Simms/Watson models (Simms, Watson, & Doebbeling, 2002). This study evaluated them using data drawn from 1,128 Vietnam veterans by comparing associations with a latent internalizing comorbidity variable and five scales from the MMPI‐2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales (Tellegen et al., 2003). The Simms/Watson dysphoria factor failed to show evidence of superior convergent or discriminant validity in association with external measures relative to the numbing or hyperarousal factors of the King model. Findings raise questions about proposals to abandon the distinction between numbing and hyperarousal symptoms in favor of a dysphoria‐based model.
Imagery rehearsal for posttraumatic nightmares: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cook Joan M. , Harb Gerlinde C. , Gehrman Philip R. , Cary Mark S. , Gamble Geraldine M. , Forbes David , Ross Richard J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOne hundred twenty‐four male Vietnam War veterans with chronic, severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were randomly assigned to imagery rehearsal (n = 61) or a credible active comparison condition (n = 63) for the treatment of combat‐related nightmares. There was pre‐post change in overall sleep quality and PTSD symptoms for both groups, but not in nightmare frequency. Intent‐to‐treat analyses showed that veterans who received imagery rehearsal had not improved significantly more than veterans in the comparison condition for the primary outcomes (nightmare frequency and sleep quality), or for a number of secondary outcomes, including PTSD. Six sessions of imagery rehearsal delivered in group format did not produce substantive improvement in Vietnam War veterans with chronic, severe PTSD. Possible explanations for findings are discussed.
The prevalence, diagnosis, and management of voice disorders in a National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) cohort
Authors: Best Simon R. , Fakhry Carole 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives:The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence, presentation, and treatment of voice complaints (VC) using a national cohort of ambulatory care patients and describe how this care conforms to guidelines for the treatment of vocal disorders.Methods:Cross‐sectional study of 2005–2007 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) database.Results:Of 87,835 outpatient encounters, 0.26% and 3.2% of total and otolaryngology visits, respectively, were for VC. Patients with a VC were more likely to be female, have a history of asthma and tobacco use, present with acute symptoms, and have been referred to a specialist than those without VC. As recommended in national guidelines, the most common diagnostic procedure was endoscopic laryngoscopy (22%) with few other diagnostic imaging modalities performed (8%). Laryngeal diagnoses were more common than infectious or gastrointestinal diagnoses and were more likely to be chronic in presentation and associated with a diagnostic laryngoscopy evaluation (P = .02, <.001). They were not associated with gender, age, or tobacco use (P = .51, .35, .07). The most common intervention was antireflux medication (27%), with 13% receiving antibiotics, usually from primary care physicians. Only 8% were referred for voice therapy, despite strong national recommendations to consider this intervention for those with voice disorders.Conclusions:The current study demonstrates that nationally a significant proportion of diagnostic and treatment plans for patients with VC are consistent with published guidelines. However, physicians from all specialties should be aware of these guidelines to improve care for patients with voice disorders. Laryngoscope, 2011
Local response to chemoradiation in T4 larynx cancer with cartilage invasion
Authors: Patel Urjeet A. , Howell Lori K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:Patients with cartilage invasion were excluded from organ preservation protocols treating laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. Treatment choice between chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and total laryngectomy (TL) remains controversial for these patients.Objective:To assess local response and local recurrence after CRT for patients having T4 larynx or hypopharynx cancer with cartilage invasion.Design:Retrospective intervention study.Setting:Tertiary‐care, urban public hospital.Patients:Patients with T4 squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx/hypopharynx with cartilage invasion treated from 2003 to 2009.Intervention:Curative‐intent CRT, compared to TL.Outcome Measures:Local response and local recurrence.Results:Of 34 patients included in this study, 21 completed CRT and 13 underwent TL with postoperative RT or CRT. With CRT, 19 patients were noted to have a complete response at the primary site while two patients had persistent local disease. Of 19 patients with complete response, 4 developed local recurrence over a time period 76–226 days (mean: 177 days). This resulted in a 29% incidence of persistent/recurrent disease at the primary site. The remaining 15 patients (71%) remained free of local disease (mean follow‐up: 369 days). For 13 patients undergoing TL with adjuvant therapy, there were no cases of local recurrence (mean follow‐up: 389 days).Conclusions:Although there was a high initial complete response rate after CRT, this response was not durable with a high local recurrence rate within 1 year. In comparison, patients undergoing TL demonstrated markedly better local control. For patients with cartilage invasion, a prospective trial comparing medical versus surgical therapy is needed. Laryngoscope, 2011
Thyroid storm in a patient with fulminant hepatic failure
Authors: Kandil Emad , Khalek Mohamed Abdel , Thethi Tina , Abd Elmageed Zakaria , Khan Amna , Jaffe Bernard M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis manuscript describes a 28‐year‐old patient with a history of Graves' disease who was transferred to Tulane University Hospital with fulminant hepatic failure. He reported associated nausea, vomiting, anorexia, as well as jaundice and abdominal discomfort for a period of 3 weeks prior to his admission. His thyroid function tests on admission were TSH, 0.013 μU/mL; T3, 94.9 μU/mL; T4, 9.37 μU/mL; Free T4, >6 μU/mL. His liver function tests were characteristic of hepatic failure. The patient underwent an emergent liver transplant. His surgery was complicated by heart failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Given the patients clinical presentation and laboratory results, a diagnosis of thyroid storm was made and a decision was made to proceed with an emergent thyroidectomy. The posttransplant multiorgan dysfunction was rapidly reversed by prompt thyroidectomy and decisive management. The patient was discharged from the hospital with normal thyroid and liver function tests. Laryngoscope, 2011
Characteristics of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct
Authors: Zhou Guangwei , Gopen Quinton 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:To explore the characteristics of vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and to determine the diagnostic value of VEMP testing for this particular inner ear structural anomaly.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study in a pediatric tertiary care facility.Methods:A total of 25 pediatric cases (37 ears) of EVA were identified with complete records, including otologic evaluation, CT scan of the temporal bone, and audiologic assessment. Results of audiometry, tympanometry, and VEMP testing were analyzed.Results:Hearing loss was found in 97% (36/37) of the ears with EVA. Airbone gaps (conductive components) were found in all hearing losses with normal middle ear pressure and mobility. Abnormally low threshold VEMP responses were found in 92% (34/37) of the ears with EVA. VEMP responses were absent unilaterally in three EVA patients who had vestibular complaints. No clear correlation was found between the size of EVA and the audiologic findings.Conclusions:The presence of airbone gaps in children with EVA was found without apparent middle ear pathology. Characteristics of VEMP in EVA were lower thresholds and higher amplitudes despite of the presence of airbone gaps. The abnormally low threshold VEMP responses suggested a “third” window effect in the pathologic condition of EVA. Unilateral absence of VEMP may implicate peripheral vestibular impairment. The findings from our study are helpful in clinical evaluation of young children who usually give limited and ambiguous input regarding their hearing and vestibular problems. Laryngoscope, 2011
Prospective, randomized controlled assessment of the short‐ and long‐term efficacy of a hearing conservation education program in Canadian elementary school children
Authors: Neufeld Anastasia , Westerberg Brian D. , Nabi Shahin , Bryce Graham , Bureau Yves 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:To assess the efficacy of a hearing conservation program in changing acoustic risk‐taking and hearing conservation behaviors in elementary school children.Study Design:Prospective, randomized, mixed design controlled study.Methods:Participants were grade‐six students from 16 Vancouver School Board schools. Differences between the intervention and control group responses on a behavioral questionnaire were measured at baseline, and then at 2 weeks and 6 months after administration of a hearing conservation program (Sound Sense™).Results:The intervention resulted in significant interactions for improved earplug use at dances (P = .019), rock concerts (P = .001), with percussion musical instruments (P = .002), and electric guitars (P = .028) at 2 weeks postintervention relative to baseline. Improvements in children's earplug use at dances (P = .041), rock concerts (P = .0024), and with power lawn mowers (P = .043) at 6 months postintervention relative to baseline were also observed. Behavior in the intervention group compared to control group improved in earplug use with any “other noises” at 2 weeks (P = .001), and 6 months (P = .022) relative to baseline. There was a tendency in the intervention group to reduce the duration of use of personal music devices at 2 weeks and 6 months after the hearing conservation program, which was nonsignificant.Conclusion:The Sound Sense™ hearing conservation program improved earplug use practices in elementary school children in the short and long term. The development, implementation and evaluation of a community‐based health promotion project around hearing loss can serve as a tremendous opportunity for students to develop their knowledge and skills in health advocacy. Laryngoscope, 2011
The increased risk of community‐acquired methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus neck abscesses in young children
Authors: Duggal Praveen , Naseri Iman , Sobol Steven E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To analyze the microbiological origins of deep neck space infections requiring surgical intervention in a pediatric population.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:The study population (N = 136) included all pediatric patients surgically treated for deep neck space abscesses in a metropolitan tertiary care children's hospital over the course of 5 years (September 2004–August 2009). Demographic and clinical information was compared with microbiological isolate data.Results:Microbiological analysis of 118 bacterial isolates demonstrated 49 (42%) methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 35 (30%) methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus, and 34 (28%) non‐S. aureus (N‐SA) isolates. The median age was 16 months (range, 1 month–13years). Patients <16 months of age were 10 times more likely to have an S. aureus (SA) infection versus N‐SA (P <.0001). MRSA comprised the majority of all SA isolates (58%). Eighty percent of all SA abscesses were located in the lateral neck. African American pediatric patients accounted for 70% of all deep neck space infections, and 86% of all MRSA infections. Clindamycin resistance was noted in 8% (4/49) of all community‐acquired MRSA isolates.Conclusions:Children younger than 16 months and/or with lateral neck abscesses are at a significantly increased risk of having an SA infection, the majority being MRSA. Laryngoscope, 2011
Stabilization procedures in coupled poromechanics problems: A critical assessment
Authors: Preisig Matthias , Prévost Jean H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNumerical solutions for problems in coupled poromechanics suffer from spurious pressure oscillations when small time increments are used. This has prompted many researchers to develop methods to overcome these oscillations. In this paper, we present an overview of the methods that in our view are most promising. In particular we investigate several stabilized procedures, namely the fluid pressure Laplacian stabilization (FPL), a stabilization that uses bubble functions to resolve the fine‐scale solution within elements, and a method derived by using finite increment calculus (FIC). On a simple one‐dimensional test problem, we investigate stability of the three methods and show that the approach using bubble functions does not remove oscillations for all time step sizes. On the other hand, the analysis reveals that FIC stabilizes the pressure for all time step sizes, and it leads to a definition of the stabilization parameter in the case of the FPL‐stabilization. Numerical tests in one and two dimensions on 4‐noded bilinear and linear triangular elements confirm the effectiveness of both the FPL‐ and the FIC‐stabilizations schemes for linear and nonlinear problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and orientation behavior of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes grafted with a side‐chain azobenzene liquid crystalline polymer
Authors: Hu Tianhui , Xie Helou , Chen Li , Zhong Guanqun , Zhang Hailiang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCovalent functionalization of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with side‐chain azobenzene liquid crystalline poly{6‐[4‐(4‐methoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate} (PMMAZO) was successfully achieved via atom transfer radical polymerization. The resultant samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The results of differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy show that the liquid crystalline behavior of PMMAZO‐functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNT‐PMMAZO) is similar to that of the PMMAZO homopolymer. The orientation of MWNTs and CNT‐PMMAZO in a PMMAZO matrix in the presence of an electric field was investigated. The results indicate that the orientation of MWNTs is dominated by the viscosity of the matrix, but the orientation of CNT‐PMMAZO is controlled by both the viscosity and the presence of a liquid crystalline phase ascribed to the compatibility between MWNTs and PMMAZO becoming better after covalent modification. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular characterization of the endoplasmic reticulum: Insights from proteomic studies
Authors: Chen Xuequn , Karnovsky Alla , Sans Maria Dolors , Andrews Philip C. , Williams John A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional intracellular organelle responsible for the synthesis, processing and trafficking of a wide variety of proteins essential for cell growth and survival. Therefore, comprehensive characterization of the ER proteome is of great importance to the understanding of its functions and has been actively pursued in the past decade by scientists in the proteomics field. This review summarizes major proteomic studies published in the past decade that focused on the ER proteome. We evaluate the data sets obtained from two different organs, liver and pancreas each of which contains a primary cell type (hepatocyte and acinar cell) with specialized functions. We also discuss how the nature of the proteins uncovered is related to the methods of organelle purification, organelle purity and the techniques used for protein separation prior to MS. In addition, this review also puts emphasis on the biological insights gained from these studies regarding the molecular functions of the ER including protein synthesis and translocation, protein folding and quality control, ER‐associated degradation and ER stress, ER export and membrane trafficking, calcium homeostasis and detoxification and drug metabolism.
Fracture toughness and fracture mechanism of liquid‐crystalline epoxy resins with different polydomain structures
Authors: Harada Miyuki , Okamoto Naoki , Ochi Mitsukazu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLiquid‐crystalline (LC) epoxy resins were cured at different temperatures to obtain polydomain LC phase–cured resins. The cured resins had polydomain structures with a nematic LC phase and their domain diameters differed depending on the curing temperatures. The relationship between the domain diameter and fracture toughness of the diglycidyl ether of terephthalylidene‐bis‐(4‐amino‐3‐methylphenol) (DGETAM)/m‐phenylenediamine (m‐PDA) systems with the nematic phase and the previously reported smectic LC phase structures was investigated. It was clarified that the highly ordered LC structure (smectic phase) in each domain could improve the fracture toughness. In addition, the changes in the network orientation of the DGETAM/m‐PDA systems were evaluated by a mapping of the microscopic infrared dichroism in the fracture process and their toughening mechanism was suggested. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
Cell type dependence of carbon based nanomaterial toxicity
Authors: Horváth Lenke , Magrez Arnaud , Forró László , Schwaller Beat 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecent advances in nanotechnology led to the development of various nanostructures especially that of carbon‐based nanomaterials (CBNs) for industrial and biomedical uses. As a result, the production as well as the human exposure to these materials will increase in the future. Thus, it is primordial to also know the associated health hazards. We performed in vitro cell viability studies on different types of cultured cells exposed to multiwalled carbon nanotubes and carbon nanoparticles. Our work indicates that the tested materials are toxic and that the effects of materials are cell type dependent. Light microscopic observations of the cells when exposed to the highest dose of nanomaterials showed morphological alterations, which are characteristic for cell death, and were most pronounced in the case of macrophage cells. Further experiments are aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of toxicity of CBNs.
Effect of Leonurus cardiaca oil extract in patients with arterial hypertension accompanied by anxiety and sleep disorders
Authors: Shikov Alexander N. , Pozharitskaya Olga N. , Makarov Valery G. , Demchenko Dmitry V. , Shikh Evgenia V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLeonurus cardiaca L. (Lamiaceae) is used traditionally for its sedative, hypotensive and cardiotonic effects. Due to the lack of clinical data regarding its effect in patients, a study was carried out to assess the clinical efficacy of Leonurus oil extract (LOE) in patients with arterial hypertension stages 1 and 2, accompanied by anxiety and sleep disorders.Fifty patients were treated for 28 days with 1200 mg LOE per day. Positive effects of LOE on psycho‐emotional status and arterial blood pressure in patients with stage 1 hypertension were observed 1 week earlier than in patients with stage 2 hypertension. According to the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale, a significant improvement in the symptoms of anxiety and depression was observed in 32% of patients, a moderate improvement in 48% and a weak effect in 8%; 12% of patients did not respond to therapy. Side effects were minimal in all groups.Leonurus oil extract may therefore be a potentially effective therapeutic agent for patients with arterial hypertension and concurrent psycho‐neurological disorders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1,2‐Bis(halomagnesio)ethane
Authors: van Eikema Hommes N. J. R. , Bickelhaupt F. , Klumpp G. W. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract1,2‐Bis(halomagnesio)ethane 3 is generated from diiodomethane and lithium‐4,4′‐di‐tert‐butylbiphenyl in the presence of MgBr2.