bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus genotype detection and viral load in paired genital and urine samples from both females and males
Authors: Bissett Sara L. , Howell‐Jones Rebecca , Swift Craig , De Silva Natasha , Biscornet Leon , Parry John V. , Saunders Nicholas A. , Nathan Mayura , Soldan Kate , Szarewski Anne , Cuzick Jack , Beddows Simon 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe ability to detect type‐specific high risk HPV (HR‐HPV) infections in samples from females and males is important for monitoring the epidemiology of HPV and the impact of vaccination. Type‐specific detection concordance between paired urine and genital samples from females (n = 264) undergoing routine colposcopy and males (n = 88) attending a genito‐urinary medicine clinic was evaluated using an in‐house genotyping assay. The overall inter‐rater agreement (κ) was 0.781 for female pairs and 0.346 for male pairs. Female urine had sensitivity for detection of HPV16/18 and HR‐HPV of 75% and 84%, respectively, while male urine had sensitivities of 13% and 28%, respectively. Genital samples had a higher HPV DNA copy number than urine although a small proportion (10%) of urine samples had a higher copy number than the corresponding genital sample. The proportion of females with normal cytology positive for HPV16/18 was 19%, increasing to 57% in moderate or severely dyskaryotic samples. The same trend was seen in the corresponding urine (19–43%) compounded by the reduced sensitivity of this sample type. The HPV16 viral load in female genital samples, but not in urine, was weakly associated with cervical disease stage. Despite reduced sensitivity, urine appears to be an appropriate surrogate sample for type‐specific HPV detection in females for epidemiological objectives. The lower sensitivity and lack of association between viral load and disease stage in urine suggest that urine may not be useful for clinical management of HPV infection. The utility of urine for type‐specific detection in males is less certain. J. Med. Virol. 83:1744–1751, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low prevalence of hepatitis B virus pre‐s deletion mutation in Indonesia
Authors: Utama Andi , Siburian Marlinang Diarta , Fanany Ismail , Intan Mariana Destila Bayu , Dhenni Rama , Kurniasih Tri Shinta , Lelosutan Syafruddin A.R. , Achwan Wenny Astuti , Arnelis  , Lukito Benyamin , Yusuf Irawan , Lesmana Laurentius Adrianus , Sulaiman Ali , Tai Susan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe molecular epidemiological study of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Indonesia is still limited. This study was aimed to identify the prevalence of HBV pre‐S deletion/insertion mutations, and to assess the association of pre‐S deletion mutation with liver disease progression in Indonesia. Pre‐S mutations were identified by direct sequencing. Of the 265 subjects, 32 samples (12.1%) harbored pre‐S deletion/insertion mutations. The prevalence of those pre‐S mutations was 2.7% (2/75), 12.9% (8/62), 16.7% (11/66), and 17.7% (11/62) in asymptomatic carrier, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma groups, respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant difference among them (P = 0.024). In HBV genotype B (HBV/B), pre‐S1, pre‐S1/S2, and pre‐S2 deletion mutations were detected respectively in 3 (17.6%), 4 (23.5%), and 9 (52.9%) of 17 samples. On the other hand, in HBV/C, 12 of 15 samples (80.0%) showed a pre‐S2 deletion mutation, and only 2 samples (13.3%) demonstrated a pre‐S1/S2 deletion mutation. These results suggest that in HBV/B deletion mutation tends to occur in pre‐S1 or pre‐S1/S2 region, while in HBV/C the deletion mutation usually occurs in the pre‐S2 region. Analysis of complete genome of four viruses confirmed that 3 isolates were classified into HBV/B3, and 1 isolate was HBV/C1. However, SimPlot and BootScan analyses showed that isolate 08.10.002 was an intragenotypic recombinant between HBV/B3 and HBV/B4. As conclusion, the prevalence of HBV pre‐S mutations was relatively low in Indonesian patients compared to those from Taiwan, Japan, and other Asian countries. There was a weak association between pre‐S deletion mutation and progressive liver disease. J. Med. Virol. 83:1717–1726, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute hepatitis C in Brazil: Results of a national survey
Authors: Ferreira Adalgisa de Souza Paiva , Perez Renata de Mello , Ferraz Maria Lucia Gomes , Lewis‐Ximenez Lia Laura , Pereira João Luis , de Almeida Paulo Roberto Lerias , de Mattos Angelo Alves ,   on behalf of The Acute Hepatitis C Study Group of The Brazilian Society of Hepatology
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe incidence of acute hepatitis C has decreased in the world. However, new cases are still reported. The objective of this study was to obtain data of acute hepatitis C in Brazil and to identify risk factors of transmission, diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation, evolution, and treatment. A questionnaire was sent to all members of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology. Sixteen centers participated with a total of 170 cases between 2000 and 2008. Among them, 37 had chronic renal failure on hemodialysis and were evaluated separately. The main diagnostic criterion in non‐uremic patients was ALT (alanine aminotransferase) elevation associated with risk factors. In patients with chronic renal failure, anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroconversion was the most frequent criterion. Among the 133 non‐uremic patients the main risk factors were hospital procedures, whereas in hemodialysis patients, dialysis was the single risk factor in 95% of the cases. Jaundice was more frequent in non‐uremic patients (82% vs. 13%; P < 0.001) and ALT levels were higher in these individuals (P < 0.001). Spontaneous clearance was more frequent in non‐uremic patients (51% vs. 3%; P < 0.001). Sixty‐five patients were treated: 39 non‐uremic patients and 26 on dialysis. Sustained virological response rates were 60% for non‐uremic and 58% for uremic patients (P = 0.98). There was no association of these rates with the study variables. These findings show that cases of acute hepatitis C are still occurring and have been related predominantly to hospital procedures. Measures to prevent nosocomial transmission should be adopted rigorously and followed to minimize this important source of infection observed in this survey. J. Med. Virol. 83:1738–1743, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and genetic diversity of human metapneumovirus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in India
Authors: Banerjee Sagarika , Sullender Wayne M. , Choudekar Avinash , John Cherian , Tyagi Vikas , Fowler Karen , Lefkowitz Elliot J. , Broor Shobha 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHuman metapneumovirus (hMPV) causes acute respiratory infections in children and adults. It is classified into two major genetic lineages and each lineage into two sublineages. The purpose of the study was to identify and characterize hMPV in children who presented to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India with acute respiratory infection from April 2005 to March 2007. By reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction, hMPV was detected in 21 (3%) of the 662 nasopharyngeal samples from children with acute respiratory infection and in none of the 120 control children. Seven of the 21 (33%) children infected with hMPV required hospital admission for pneumonia or bronchiolitis. Most hMPV detections were during the winter and spring seasons. The majority (67%, 11/21) of children positive for hMPV were within 24 months of age. Phylogenetic analysis of partial F and N gene and the full G gene sequences showed three sub‐lineages of hMPV circulated during the study period, B1, B2, and the novel sub‐lineage A2b. The circulation pattern of hMPV genotypes varied by season. Comparison of the F and G genes of eight strains revealed incongruencies in lineage assignments, raising the possibility that recombination had occurred. Sequence analysis also revealed the F gene was relatively conserved whereas the G gene was more variable between the A and B lineages. This study demonstrates that hMPV is an important contributor to acute respiratory infection in children in India, resulting in both outpatient visits and hospitalizations. J. Med. Virol. 83:1799–1810, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis E virus infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Kaba Mamadou , Richet Hervé , Ravaux Isabelle , Moreau Jacques , Poizot‐Martin Isabelle , Motte Anne , Nicolino‐Brunet Corinne , Dignat‐George Françoise , Ménard Amélie , Dhiver Catherine , Brouqui Philippe , Colson Philippe 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a newly‐identified causative agent of acute and chronic hepatitis in severely immunocompromized patients. The present study sought to assess the prevalences of past, recent, on‐going, and chronic HEV infections in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Marseille, South‐eastern France, and to determine if they were correlated with the patients' immunological status or with cirrhosis. Anti‐HEV IgG and IgM and HEV RNA testing were concurrently performed on the plasma from 184 patients infected with HIV, including 81 with a CD4+ T‐lymphocyte count (CD4 count) <50 cells/mm3 and 32 with a cirrhosis. Prevalence of anti‐HEV IgG and IgM was 4.4% (8/184) and 1.6% (3/184), respectively. Past, recent, and on‐going infections were observed in 3.3% (6/184), 1.6% (3/184), and 0.5% (1/184) of the patients, respectively. Anti‐HEV antibodies prevalence did not differ significantly according to CD4 count, cirrhosis, sex, age, mode of HIV transmission, and infection with hepatitis B or C virus. Anti‐HEV IgG seroreversion was observed in two patients. The patient whose plasma tested positive for HEV RNA had a CD4 count <50 cells/mm3; HEV genotype was 3f. In this patient, longitudinal testing showed HEV RNA positivity during a 10‐month period, indicating chronic HEV infection; in contrast, anti‐HEV IgG never tested positive. Further studies are needed to evaluate the performance of commercial HEV serological assays in patients infected with HIV and to assess the actual incidence, prevalence, and outcome of HEV infection in this special group of patients. HEV RNA testing is necessary for such purposes. J. Med. Virol. 83:1704–1716, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in the Netherlands: Birth prevalence and risk factors
Authors: de Vries Jutte J.C. , Korver Anna M.H. , Verkerk Paul H. , Rusman Lisette , Claas Eric C.J. , Loeber J. Gerard , Kroes Aloys C.M. , Vossen Ann C.T.M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common congenital viral infection worldwide. The sequela encountered most frequently is hearing impairment, affecting approximately one out of five infants congenitally infected. Data on the birth prevalence and risk factors of congenital CMV infection in the Netherlands are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the birth prevalence of congenital CMV in the Netherlands. A sample of 6,500 dried blood spots (DBS) from infants born in the Netherlands was tested anonymously for CMV DNA. The sample was stratified by the number of live births in different regions of the Netherlands of the year 2007. Additionally, on a regional level, risk factors for congenital CMV were analyzed. The birth prevalence of congenital CMV in the Netherlands was 0.54% (35/6,433, 95%CI 0.36–0.72). Congenital CMV infection was significantly higher in regions with more than 15% young children (0–5 years) compared with regions with a lower proportion of young children (OR 5.9, 95%CI 1.4–25.2). Congenital CMV infection was significantly higher in regions with more than 30% immigrants compared with regions with a lower proportion of immigrants (OR 2.2, 95%CI 1.1–4.6). This association was strongest for regions with more than 30% non‐Western immigrants (OR 3.3, 95%CI 1.5–7.5). Based on the knowledge of the natural history of congenital CMV infection, approximately 1,000 children are born with congenital CMV infection in the Netherlands annually, of whom eventually approximately 180 children (0.1% of all newborns) will be affected by long term sequelae, with hearing loss being the symptom encountered most frequently. J. Med. Virol. 83:1777–1782, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antiretroviral resistance patterns and factors associated with resistance in adult patients failing NNRTI‐based regimens in the western cape, South Africa
Authors: van Zyl Gert U. , van der Merwe Lize , Claassen Mathilda , Zeier Michele , Preiser Wolfgang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAntiretroviral drug resistance in patients failing non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐based first‐line combination antiretroviral treatment (ART) is influenced by: regimen choice, HIV‐1 subtype, detection of and response to therapy failure. In order to describe resistance patterns by genotypic testing, at the time of first‐line ART failure and to describe associations with having M184I/V, K65R, three or more thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) and etravirine (ETV) resistance, the prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance associated mutations in a cross‐sectional study, at two South African public health clinic settings, at the time of virologic failure (HIV‐1 RNA load >400 copies/ml) are described. Also reported are associations of therapy choice, prolonged virologic failure, and concurrent HIV viral load and CD4 count with the presence of M184I/V, TAMs, K65R, and resistance to ETV. Of 167 adult patients with virologic failure on first‐line ART, 28 (17%) had no resistance, 137 (82%) had NNRTI resistance, 101 (60%) M184I/V, 20 (12%) TAMs, of which 4 had 3 or more TAMs, and 7 (4%) had K65R, of which 6 were on D4T and one on AZT. A prolonged estimated period of failure was associated with having ≥3 TAMs. Patients treated with nevirapine (NVP) were more likely to have ETV resistance than those treated with efavirenz (EFV). Major protease inhibitor mutations were not detected. A delayed response to ART failure may risk accumulation of TAMs in patients on an NNRTI‐based regimen. The use of NVP rather than EFV was associated with ETV resistance. J. Med. Virol. 83:1764–1769, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistence of West Nile virus immunoglobulin M antibodies, Greece
Authors: Papa Anna , Danis Kostas , Athanasiadou Afroditi , Delianidou Maria , Panagiotopoulos Takis 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA major outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 infections was observed in 2010 in Greece. In order to check the persistence of WNV IgM antibodies, a second serum sample taken 75–180 days after onset of the illness from 29 patients with WNV infection was tested. A third sample was obtained 181–270 days after onset of the illness from 8 of the 12 patients with IgM‐positive second sample. Mixed effects linear regression analysis indicated that the approximate time at which IgM index became negative was 164 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI 99–236) days after the symptoms' onset. Persistence of IgM antibodies was observed in 12% of patients at 181–270 days of follow‐up. A sharp decrease in the IgM levels was observed, mainly in patients who had high IgM index value in the acute phase. All patients were WNV IgG positive at the follow‐up. J. Med. Virol. 83:1857–1860, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partial protection against enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in a mouse model immunized with recombinant newcastle disease virus capsids displaying the EV71 VP1 fragment
Authors: Ch'ng Wei‐Choong , Stanbridge Eric J. , Ong Kien‐Chai , Wong Kum‐Thong , Yusoff Khatijah , Shafee Norazizah 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEnterovirus 71 (EV71) infection may cause severe neurological complications, particularly in young children. Despite the risks, there are still no commercially available EV71 vaccines. Hence, a candidate vaccine construct, containing recombinant Newcastle disease virus capsids that display an EV71 VP1 fragment (NPt‐VP11‐100) protein, was evaluated in a mouse model of EV71 infection. Previously, it was shown that this protein construct provoked a strong immune response in vaccinated adult rabbits. That study, however, did not address the issue of its effectiveness against EV71 infection in young animals. In the present study, EV71 viral challenge in vaccinated newborn mice resulted in more than 40% increase in survival rate. Significantly, half of the surviving mice fully recovered from their paralysis. Histological analysis of all of the surviving mice revealed a complete clearance of EV71 viral antigens from their brains and spinal cords. In hind limb muscles, the amounts of the antigens detected correlated with the degrees of tissue damage and paralysis. Findings from this study provide evidence that immunization with the NPt‐VP11‐100 immunogen in a newborn mouse model confers partial protection against EV71 infection, and also highlights the importance of NPt‐VP11‐100 as a possible candidate vaccine for protection against EV71 infections. J. Med. Virol. 83:1783–1791, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intratype variations of HPV 31 and 58 in Italian women with abnormal cervical cytology
Authors: Cento Valeria , Rahmatalla Noor , Ciccozzi Massimo , Perno Carlo Federico , Ciotti Marco 
Published: August 2011

AbstractOncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the recognized etiological agents of cervical cancer. A number of epidemiological, etiological, and molecular data suggest that variants of the same HPV type are distinct biologically and may confer differential pathogenic risks. Therefore, investigation of genome variants of clinically important HPV types may be important for the identification of pathogenically important variants. In this study, the genomic regions of L1, E6, E7, and long control region (LCR) of HPV 31 and 58, identified in women with abnormal cervical smear, were investigated. Several mutations were identified in the regions examined. Of the mutations found in the L1 region of HPV 31 and 58, the novel mutations described in this study fall within a protein region which may play a critical role in the binding of neutralizing antibodies against different HPV types. No significant association was found between the E6 and E7 mutations of both HPV types and the cytological lesion found. Some mutations found in the LCR of HPV 31 and 58 encompassed known transcription binding sites with possible consequences on the transcription of the oncogenic genes. Intratype genetic characterization of HPV types may help to define the pathogenetic risk of HPV variants. J. Med. Virol. 83:1752–1761, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thriving at work—A diary study
Authors: Niessen Cornelia , Sonnentag Sabine , Sach Friederike 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe present diary study examines how employees thrive at work in response to resources (i.e., positive meaning, relational resources, and knowledge). Thriving is conceptualized as the joint experience of vitality and learning. A total of 121 employees working in the social services sector responded to three daily surveys (in the morning, at lunchtime, and at the end of the work day) for a period of five work days. Intra‐individual analyses (hierarchical linear modeling) revealed that on days when employees experience positive meaning at work in the morning, they feel more vital at the end of the work day and have a higher sense of learning. Work behaviors such as task focus and exploration mediated the relation between positive meaning and both components of thriving. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mouse model of chronic post‐arthroplasty infection: Noninvasive in vivo bioluminescence imaging to monitor bacterial burden for long‐term study
Authors: Pribaz Jonathan R. , Bernthal Nicholas M. , Billi Fabrizio , Cho John S. , Ramos Romela Irene , Guo Yi , Cheung Ambrose L. , Francis Kevin P. , Miller Lloyd S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPost‐arthroplasty infections are a devastating problem in orthopaedic surgery. While acute infections can be treated with a single stage washout and liner exchange, chronic infections lead to multiple reoperations, prolonged antibiotic courses, extended disability, and worse clinical outcomes. Unlike previous mouse models that studied an acute infection, this work aimed to develop a model of a chronic post‐arthroplasty infection. To achieve this, a stainless steel implant in the knee joints of mice was inoculated with a bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus strain (1 × 102–1 × 104 colony forming units, CFUs) and in vivo imaging was used to monitor the bacterial burden for 42 days. Four different S. aureus strains were compared in which the bioluminescent construct was integrated in an antibiotic selection plasmid (ALC2906), the bacterial chromosome (Xen29 and Xen40), or a stable plasmid (Xen36). ALC2906 had increased bioluminescent signals through day 10, after which the signals became undetectable. In contrast, Xen29, Xen40, and Xen36 had increased bioluminescent signals through 42 days with the highest signals observed with Xen36. ALC2906, Xen29, and Xen40 induced significantly more inflammation than Xen36 as measured by in vivo enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)‐neutrophil flourescence of LysEGFP mice. All four strains induced comparable biofilm formation as determined by variable‐pressure scanning electron microscopy. Using a titanium implant, Xen36 had higher in vivo bioluminescence signals than Xen40 but had similar biofilm formation and adherent bacteria. In conclusion, Xen29, Xen40, and especially Xen36, which had stable bioluminescent constructs, are feasible for long‐term in vivo monitoring of bacterial burden and biofilm formation to study chronic post‐arthroplasty infections and potential antimicrobial interventions. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:335–340, 2012
Caribbean hydrological variability during the Holocene as reconstructed from crater lakes on the island of Grenada
Authors: Fritz Sherilyn C. , Björck Svante , Rigsby Catherine A. , Baker Paul A. , Calder‐Church Amy , Conley Daniel J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractContemporary precipitation patterns in the Caribbean region are spatially variable, and the small number of Holocene paleoclimatic records may not adequately capture patterns of variation in the past. The hydrological history of Grenada was inferred from paleolimnological analyses of sediment cores from two crater lakes on the island. The basins were formed by volcanic activity some time during the Last Termination, but were dry between ca. 13 000 and ca. 7200 cal. a BP. After filling, the lakes were initially very shallow, and sedimentation was interrupted by a hiatus ca. 6300–5500 cal. a BP, followed by deposition of a thick tephra in both sites. After 5500 cal. a BP, lake level shows considerable multi‐centennial variability, superimposed upon a long‐term trend of generally higher lake level after 3200 cal. a BP. The pattern of lake‐level variation in Grenada shows some similarity with other Caribbean paleoclimatic records in terms of the timing of transitions, but differs from several classic studies in the sign of inferred precipitation change. The differences among records may reflect spatially variable precipitation patterns in the past in response to the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and to sea surface temperature influences on the trade winds and Caribbean low‐level jet. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.