bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cholecystokinin CCK2 receptor antagonist, JNJ‐26070109, inhibits gastric acid secretion and prevents omeprazole‐induced acid rebound in the rat
Authors: Barrett TD , Lagaud G , Wagaman P , Freedman JM , Yan W , Andries L , Rizzolio MC , Morton MF , Shankley NP 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEJNJ‐26070109 [(R)4‐bromo‐N‐[1‐(2,4‐difluoro‐phenyl)‐ethyl]‐2‐(quinoxaline‐5‐sulfonylamino)‐benzamide] is a novel antagonist at cholecystokinin CCK2 receptors with good pharmacokinetic properties and represents a novel mechanism for the treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether chronic treatment with JNJ‐26070109 could prevent, as well as treat, acid rebound in rats.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHA chronic fistula was surgically inserted into the stomach of rats to enable the measurement of acid secretion under basal, pentagastrin and histamine‐stimulated conditions. JNJ‐26070109 and omeprazole were administered separately and in combination.KEY RESULTSSustained administration of omeprazole alone and in combination with JNJ‐26070109 inhibited gastric acid secretion by >90%. However, 3 days after withdrawing treatment, there was a rebound hypersecretion by ∼1.5‐fold in omeprazole‐treated animals. No such acid rebound was observed with JNJ‐26070109 alone or with co‐administration of JNJ‐26070109 and omeprazole. The anti‐trophic effects of JNJ‐26070109 in the gastric mucosal paralleled the effects on acid rebound. Administration of JNJ‐26070109 for 3 days after cessation of omeprazole prevented the occurrence of acid rebound. Interestingly, chronic, but not acute, treatment with JNJ‐26070109 also inhibited histamine‐stimulated acid secretion.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSChronic administration of JNJ‐26070109 effectively inhibited gastric acid secretion and suppressed proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐induced acid rebound in the rat. This work advances the field by demonstrating that modest doses of a competitive CCK2 receptor antagonist have significant and functionally important anti‐trophic actions in the gastric mucosa. These properties make JNJ‐26070109 a suitable candidate for clinical investigation for the treatment of GORD.
Luminal cholinergic signalling in airway lining fluid: a novel mechanism for activating chloride secretion via Ca2+‐dependent Cl‐ and K+ channels
Authors: Hollenhorst Monika I , Lips Katrin S , Wolff Miriam , Wess Jürgen , Gerbig Stefanie , Takats Zoltan , Kummer Wolfgang , Fronius Martin 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent studies detected the expression of proteins involved in cholinergic metabolism in airway epithelial cells, although the function of this non‐neuronal cholinergic system is not known in detail. Thus, this study focused on the effect of luminal ACh as a regulator of transepithelial ion transport in epithelial cells.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH RT‐PCR experiments were performed using mouse tracheal epithelial cells for ChAT and organic cation transporter (OCT) transcripts. Components of tracheal airway lining fluid were analysed with desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MS. Effects of nicotine on mouse tracheal epithelial ion transport were examined with Ussing‐chamber experiments.KEY RESULTS Transcripts encoding ChAT and OCT1–3 were detected in mouse tracheal epithelial cells. The DESI experiments identified ACh in the airway lining fluid. Luminal ACh induced an immediate, dose‐dependent increase in the transepithelial ion current (EC50: 23.3 µM), characterized by a transient peak and sustained plateau current. This response was not affected by the Na+‐channel inhibitor amiloride. The Cl‐‐channel inhibitor niflumic acid or the K+‐channel blocker Ba2+ attenuated the ACh effect. The calcium ionophore A23187 mimicked the ACh effect. Luminal nicotine or muscarine increased the ion current. Experiments with receptor gene‐deficient animals revealed the participation of muscarinic receptor subtypes M1 and M3.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The presence of luminal ACh and activation of transepithelial ion currents by luminal ACh receptors identifies a novel non‐neuronal cholinergic pathway in the airway lining fluid. This pathway could represent a novel drug target in the airways.
Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of canine indolent lymphoma
Authors: Flood‐Knapik K. E. , Durham A. C. , Gregor T. P. , Sánchez M. D. , Durney M. E. , Sorenmo K. U. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIndolent lymphoma comprises up to 29% of all canine lymphoma; however, limited information exists regarding the subtypes and biological behaviour. This retrospective study describes the clinical characteristics, histopathological and immunohistochemical features, treatment, outcome and prognostic factors for 75 dogs with indolent lymphoma. WHO histopathological classification and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD79a, CD3, Ki67 and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) was performed. The most common histopathological subtype was T‐zone, 61.7%, (MST 33.5 months), followed by marginal zone, 25%, (MST 21.2 months), P = 0.542. The addition of IHC to preliminary histopathological classification resulted in a revised diagnosis in 20.4% of cases. The use of systemic treatment did not influence survival, P = 0.065. Dogs treated with chlorambucil and prednisone did not reach a MST, compared with a MST of 21.6 months with CHOP‐based chemotherapy, P = 0.057. The overall MST of 4.4 years confirms that this is indeed an indolent disease. However, the effect of systemic treatment must be determined through prospective trials.
The Framingham risk score and heart disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Treeprasertsuk Sombat , Leverage Scott , Adams Leon A. , Lindor Keith D. , St Sauver Jennifer , Angulo Paul 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe accuracy of the Framingham risk score (FRS) in identifying patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) at higher 10‐year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk remains unknown. We aimed at evaluating both the baseline probability of CHD as predicted by the FRS and the actual long‐term occurrence of CHD in NAFLD patients. This was a longitudinal study of a community‐based cohort. A total of 309 NAFLD patients were followed up for 11.5 ± 4.1 years (total 3554 person‐years). The overall calculated 10‐year CHD risk was significantly higher in the NAFLD cohort than the absolute CHD risk predicted by the FRS for persons of the same age and gender (10.9 ± 9.3% vs. 9.9 ± 5.9%, respectively, P < 0.0001), and higher in men than women (12.6 ± 10.3% vs. 9.6 ± 8.1%, respectively, P = 0.006). New onset CHD occurred in 34 patients (11% vs. 10.9% predicted at baseline, P = NS), whereas 279 (89%) patients did not develop CHD. Using multivariable analysis, the FRS was the only variable significantly associated with new onset CHD (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05–1.21; P = 0.001). A FRS cut‐point of 11 in women, and 6 in men had a sensitivity of 80% and 74%, respectively, and a negative predictive value of 97% and 93% respectively. NAFLD patients have a higher 10‐year CHD risk than the general population of the same age and gender. The FRS accurately predicts the higher 10‐year CHD risk in NAFLD patients, and helps identify those patients expected to derive the most benefit from early intervention to prevent CHD events.
Significance of Missing Telemetered Markers in Implanted Cardioverter‐Defibrillators
Authors: BAROLD S. SERGE , STROOBANDT ROLAND X , HEUVERSWYN FREDERIC VAN , HERWEG BENGT 
Published: February 2012

Background:
We report three patients with St Jude ICDs (St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA, USA) where some aspect of the marker channel was missing.
Methods and Results:
Two cases were caused by the simultaneous occurrence of two distinct cardiac or device events that affected the proper delivery of markers by the telemetry system. Inability of the devices to sequentially process these events resulted in incomplete transmission of telemetry data to the programmers and caused missing markers in the telemetry recordings. In the third case, sensed atrial interference resulted in a short period of atrial asynchronous pacing, which prevented the delivery of a sensed atrial marker coincident with an atrial electrogram. This atrial electrogram by virtue of its timing would have otherwise been sensed outside the atrial refractory period.
Conclusion:
The perplexing recordings of the three patients should not be interpreted as representing true pacemaker malfunction. PACE 2012; 35:409–415)
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy with or Without Anatomical Reverse Remodeling Does Not Affect Defibrillation Threshold
Authors: KARTAL YILDIRIM , YAVUZGIL OGUZ , BOZOGLU MUHITTIN , ALP ALPAY , CAN LEVENT H. , HASDEMIR CAN 
Published: February 2012

Background:

Recent clinical trials have documented beneficial reverse‐remodeling effects with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CRT with or without reverse anatomical remodeling of the left ventricle on defibrillation threshold (DFT) levels in a prospective and consecutive group of patients with class II‐IV systolic heart failure.
Methods:

Study population consisted of 29 patients (14 women and 15 men; mean age 61 ± 11 years old). All patients underwent baseline (within 24‐hours of cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator [CRT‐D] implantation) and 6‐month follow‐up DFT testing. Reverse anatomical remodeling of the left ventricle was defined as ≥15% reduction in left ventricular end‐systolic volume at the end of 6 months of follow‐up compared to baseline.
Results:

Baseline, average DFT was 8.8 ± 5.9 J. Left ventricular end‐diastolic volume was the only predictor of baseline DFT level (P = 0.02) among the baseline demographics. Safety margin of at least 10 J was achieved in all patients. Average DFT at the end of 6 months of biventricular pacing was 9.2 ± 6.9 J. One patient (3.4%) failed to have a safety margin of 10 J. Reverse anatomical remodeling was observed in 14 (48%) patients and did not have any effect on DFT level. There were no complications related to DFT testings.
Conclusions:

Baseline average DFT in patients undergoing CRT‐D was ≤10 J in our study. CRT‐D with or without anatomical reverse remodeling does not affect DFT at the end of 6 months of follow‐up. High DFT level at the end of 6 months of follow‐up is rare (3.4%) among patients with current CRT‐D devices. PACE 2012; 35:416–421)
A Prelinguistic Gestural Universal of Human Communication
Authors: Liszkowski Ulf , Brown Penny , Callaghan Tara , Takada Akira , de Vos Conny 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSeveral cognitive accounts of human communication argue for a language‐independent, prelinguistic basis of human communication and language. The current study provides evidence for the universality of a prelinguistic gestural basis for human communication. We used a standardized, semi‐natural elicitation procedure in seven very different cultures around the world to test for the existence of preverbal pointing in infants and their caregivers. Results were that by 10–14 months of age, infants and their caregivers pointed in all cultures in the same basic situation with similar frequencies and the same proto‐typical morphology of the extended index finger. Infants’ pointing was best predicted by age and caregiver pointing, but not by cultural group. Further analyses revealed a strong relation between the temporal unfolding of caregivers’ and infants’ pointing events, uncovering a structure of early prelinguistic gestural conversation. Findings support the existence of a gestural, language‐independent universal of human communication that forms a culturally shared, prelinguistic basis for diversified linguistic communication.
Potential biomarkers in psychiatry: focus on the cholesterol system
Authors: Woods Alisa G. , Sokolowska Izabela , Taurines Regina , Gerlach Manfred , Dudley Edward , Thome Johannes , Darie Costel C. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

● Introduction

● Methods for proteomic analysis

– Sample fractionation/biochemical fractionation

– MS

● The cholesterol system

– Cholesterol and apolipoproteins

– Cholesterol

– Apos

– ApoE

– ApoB

– ApoA1 and ApoA4

● The cholesterol system and specific disorders

– Alzheimer's disease

– Schizophrenia

– Depression

– Developmental disorders: ASDs

● Discussion

– Proteomic considerations for analysis of Apos

– Considering diet and lifestyle effects on the cholesterol system

– Consequences of disturbed cholesterol and Apos in the CNS

● Conclusion

Measuring biomarkers to identify and assess illness is a strategy growing in popularity and relevance. Although already in clinical use for treating and predicting cancer, no biological measurement is used clinically for any psychiatric disorder. Biomarkers could predict the course of a medical problem, and aid in determining how and when to treat. Several studies have indicated that of candidate psychiatric biomarkers detected using proteomic techniques, cholesterol and associated proteins, specifically apolipoproteins (Apos), may be of interest. Cholesterol is necessary for brain development and its synthesis continues at a lower rate in the adult brain. Apos are the protein component of lipoproteins responsible for lipid transport. There is extensive evidence that the levels of cholesterol and Apos may be disturbed in psychiatric disorders, including autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, we describe putative serum biomarkers for psychiatric disorders, and the role of cholesterol and Apos in central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
The potential benefits of participating in early‐phase clinical trials in multiple myeloma: long‐term remission in a patient with relapsed multiple myeloma treated with 90 cycles of lenalidomide and bortezomib
Authors: Richardson Paul G. , Laubach Jacob P. , Schlossman Robert L. , Ghobrial Irene M. , Redman Katherine C. , Mckenney Mary , Warren Diane , Noonan Kimberly , Lunde Laura , Doss Deborah , Colson Kathleen , Hideshima Teru , Mitsiades Constantine , Munshi Nikhil C. , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe present the case of a woman with relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) who received combination lenalidomide and bortezomib therapy for 90 cycles followed by continuous lenalidomide monotherapy and has completed over 100 cycles of treatment to date. The patient was diagnosed with advanced‐stage, symptomatic MM in 2001. Following a partial response (PR) to dexamethasone in combination with pamidronate and thalidomide, the patient underwent protocol‐directed non‐myeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from her matched sibling donor the following year. In 2004, the patient relapsed and was enrolled in a phase I, dose‐escalation trial of lenalidomide plus bortezomib for relapsed and refractory MM. After eight cycles of study treatment, the patient achieved a minimal response. The patient received a total of 90 cycles of treatment with lenalidomide 5 mg given for 14 d every 21 d, and 1 mg/m2 of bortezomib initially given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 for the first 20 cycles, and then weekly thereafter on days 1 and 8. Bortezomib was discontinued after 90 cycles, and the patient continued to receive lenalidomide monotherapy. As of cycle 100, the patient achieved a PR. Currently, she is clinically stable with response sustained for over 7 yrs. Therapy has been well tolerated with no significant long‐term toxicity; no dose reductions of lenalidomide and bortezomib were required. The excellent tolerability of this steroid‐free approach and the durable response seen underscore the potential benefits of participating in early‐phase clinical trials evaluating novel therapies and new drug combinations. This case further supports that combination treatment with lenalidomide and bortezomib is an effective therapy in the management of patients with relapsed and refractory MM.
Dental injury and its prevention in Swiss rugby
Authors: Schildknecht Stefan , Krastl Gabriel , Kühl Sebastian , Filippi Andreas 
Published: February 2012

Abstract –  Objectives:  Rugby players are at a high risk of sustaining dental injury because of the high number of tackles implicit to the game. This study aimed to determine the frequency of injuries sustained by players in the Swiss rugby league.Methods:  During the 2010/11 season, 517 rugby players from 19 clubs were questioned about dental trauma as well as the use of mouthguards and other forms of body protection. The level of awareness about tooth avulsion and replantation was also assessed. Participants included athletes from four different leagues; National (155), Premier (122), Women’s (90) and Juniors (150).Results:  Of the 517 players taking part in the survey, 54.4% had sustained at least one serious injury and 39.5% had sustained a facial injury. One hundred and thirty‐nine athletes (37.3%) had observed another player sustain a dental injury during a game, whilst 35 (6.8%) had personally sustained one or more dental injuries. Dental injury rate was considerably higher amongst forwards than backs. Four hundred and fifty‐six players (88.2%) wore a mouthguard of which three‐quarters were tailor‐made. Three hundred and thirteen players (60.5%) were aware that an avulsed tooth can be replanted; however, only 27 (5.2%) had heard of the tooth rescue boxes. These results demonstrate that, whilst general injuries occur with regularity in rugby, dental injuries are not amongst the most common forms. This is almost certainly attributable to the high level of mouthguard usage. Particularly for players in the junior league, in which the use of mouthguards was lowest, the risk of dental injury may be reduced by an increased level of education about tooth protection.Conclusions:  To this end, an increased awareness about and usage of tooth rescue boxes would be desirable. It would seem sensible to make the wearing of mouthguards compulsory in contact sports such as rugby.
A toothbrush impalement injury of the floor of mouth in autism child
Authors: Sasaki Ryo , Uchiyama Hiroto , Okamoto Toshihiro , Fukada Kenji , Ogiuchi Hideki , Ando Tomohiro 
Published: February 2012

Abstract –  Penetrating injuries in the oral cavity are common in children. However, penetrating injuries with retained foreign bodies are rare. We report a case of a toothbrush impalement injury of the floor of the mouth in a child with autism. A 5‐year‐old boy with autism presented with an accidentally impaled toothbrush in the oral cavity. He was taken to the operation room and examined under general anesthesia. The handle of the toothbrush was cut off using rib scissors for mask ventilation, and intra‐oral intubation was performed. The toothbrush was located approximately 2.5 cm into the floor of the mouth. The toothbrush was removed uneventfully. Intravenous antibiotic therapy was instituted during hospitalization, and discharge from the hospital occurred 4 days after the operation.
Validation of a high‐resolution, remotely operated aerial remote‐sensing system for the identification of herbaceous plant species
Authors: Ishihama Fumiko , Watabe Yasuyuki , Oguma Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2012

AbstractQuestionIs a high‐resolution remote‐sensing system based on a radio‐controlled helicopter (the ‘Falcon‐PARS system’) an effective tool to obtain images that can be used to identify herbaceous species?LocationWatarase wetland, Japan.MethodsWe applied the remote‐sensing system to a wetland composed mainly of Phragmites australis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus. The aerial observation was performed in a 100 × 200 m area at a flying height of 30 m. From the obtained images, we tried to identify P. australis and M. sacchariflorus through visual interpretation.ResultsWe obtained images with a high spatial resolution (1 cm) and a positioning accuracy of finer than 1 m using this small and lightweight system, and confirmed that we could identify the above two species from the obtained images.ConclusionSuch a high‐resolution system can be used to directly identify herbaceous species, and as a non‐destructive alternative to ground surveys. This lightweight system can be carried to sites such as a high‐altitude bog that cannot be reached by a motor vehicle. Because of the low flying height (below cloud level), aerial observation is possible even on cloudy days, thereby permitting observations in all seasons.
The Psychology of Reading and the Victorian Novel
Authors: Gettelman Debra 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article examines a growing body of work on the psychology of novel reading in the Victorian period by focusing on how three related fields have recently, simultaneously, turned their attention to readers’ minds: the history of reading; studies of psychology and literature; and, more surprisingly, studies of Victorian sociability. Across these fields, critics have found that Victorian readers were not always expected to pay attention: 19th‐century psychologists and observers of literary culture thought that many layers and vagaries of the reader’s consciousness and unconscious mind were at work in the reading process. Newly accessible, first‐hand accounts of reading experiences have also underscored that Victorian readers used books in unpredictable ways, often as a prompt for their own associations or to turn inward and reflect on social practice. Partly in response to the Foucauldian emphasis on the coerciveness of novel reading that long monopolized literary studies, critics have been redrawing 19th‐century reading history to includenotreading, or perhaps not only reading, but also the ways novel reading afforded unique forms of self‐knowledge amidst the pressures and worries of the modern Victorian world.
Masculinity and National Identity on the Early American Stage
Authors: Chinn Sarah E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis essay explores how the early American stage functioned as an incubator for ideas about national identity, artistic expression, and masculinity. Reading four plays from the early years of the Republic – Royall Tyler’s The Contrast, William Dunlap’s André, John Augustus Stone’s Metamora, and Robert Montgomery Bird’s The Gladiator, I demonstrate how early American drama addressed changing concepts of ideal masculinity, republican democracy, and the colonial past.
“A Kyng That Ruled All By Lust”: Richard II in Elizabethan Literature
Authors: Luecking Frost Lea 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSince the earliest performances of Shakespeare’s Richard II, parallels between its tragic protagonist and Elizabeth I have not gone unnoticed – not least by Elizabeth herself. This essay attempts to move beyond that parallel, examining its implications not only for readings of Shakespeare’s play or Elizabethan imaginings of the queen, but also to the relationship of sexuality and historiography in early modern writing. Richard and Elizabeth both embody a transgressive femininity that exposes, rather than contradicts, the gender norms of monarchy; this exposure becomes, in Elizabethan historical writing, inextricable from the crisis of legitimacy at the heart of Tudor dynastic narratives.