bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiculomegaly of permanent canines: report of endodontic treatment in OFCD syndrome
Authors: Maden M. , Savgat A. , Görgül G. 
Published: September 2010

Maden M, Savgat A, Görgül G. Radiculomegaly of permanent canines: report of endodontic treatment in OFCD syndrome. International Endodontic Journal.AbstractAim  To present a case describing the endodontic treatment of a permanent canine with radiculomegaly and to draw the attention of the endodontic community to this rare anomaly.Summary  Oculo‐facio‐cardio‐dental (OFCD) syndrome is a rare X‐linked dominant syndrome characterized by canine teeth with extremely large roots (radiculomegaly), dental abnormalities, congenital cataracts, dysmorphic facial features and congenital heart disease. The diagnosis of this syndrome is difficult. Unique and specific symptoms, which can be diagnosed by an endodontist or a general dentist, are present in the dental, skeletal, ocular and cardiac structures. Worldwide, only 20 cases of this syndrome have been reported to date. The patient presented in this study was a 17‐years‐old girl with a mandibular right canine (47.5 mm) tooth with two canals.Key learning points

Clinicians should be aware of anatomical variations in cases with OFCD syndrome.
Root canal treatment in such cases is challenging.
In general, the majority of mandibular canines have one root and root canal, but 15% may have two canals, and a smaller number may have two distinct roots.
Treatment and orthodontic movement of a root‐fractured maxillary central incisor with an immature apex: 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Mendoza A. , Solano E. , Segura‐Egea J. J. 
Published: September 2010

Mendoza A, Solano E, Segura‐Egea JJ. Treatment and orthodontic movement of a root‐fractured maxillary central incisor with an immature apex: 10‐year follow‐up. International Endodontic Journal.AbstractAim  To report a maxillary central incisor tooth with a horizontal root fracture and incomplete root development that healed and was then moved orthodontically some years after the traumatic injury.Summary  A 7‐year‐old girl attended following trauma to the maxillary anterior region. Radiologic examination revealed a horizontal root fracture in the middle third of the maxillary right central incisor tooth that had an immature apex. After early treatment, the fractured tooth healed and pulpal health was retained. Recall examination after 2 years revealed complete root development. Orthodontic treatment was performed to correct an angle type I malocclusion. Clinical and radiologic controls were performed over 10 years and confirmed both pulpal and periodontal health.Key learning point

Orthodontic movements of teeth with previously fractured roots might be possible without adverse pulpal effects.
Limb‐bone histology of temnospondyls: implications for understanding the diversification of palaeoecologies and patterns of locomotion of Permo‐Triassic tetrapods
Authors: SANCHEZ S. , GERMAIN D. , DE RICQLÈS A. , ABOURACHID A. , GOUSSARD F. , TAFFOREAU P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe locomotion of early tetrapods has long been a subject of great interest in the evolutionary history of vertebrates. However, we still do not have a precise understanding of the evolutionary radiation of their locomotory strategies. We present here the first palaeohistological study based on theoretical biomechanical considerations among a highly diversified group of early tetrapods, the temnospondyls. Based on the quantification of microanatomical and histological parameters in the humerus and femur of nine genera, this multivariate analysis provides new insights concerning the adaptations of temnospondyls to their palaeoenvironments during the Early Permian, and clearly after the Permo‐Triassic crisis. This study therefore presents a methodology that, if based on a bigger sample, could contribute towards a characterization of the behaviour of species during great evolutionary events.
Temporal variation in glucocorticoid levels during the resting phase is associated in opposite way with maternal and paternal melanic coloration
Authors: ROULIN A. , ALMASI B. , JENNI L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSex‐dependent selection can help maintain sexual dimorphism. When the magnitude of selection exerted on a heritable sex trait differs between the sexes, it may prevent each sex to reach its phenotypic optimum. As a consequence, the benefit of expressing a sex trait to a given value may differ between males and females favouring sex‐specific adaptations associated with different values of a sex trait. The level of metabolites regulated by genes that are under sex‐dependent selection may therefore covary with the degree of ornamentation differently in the two sexes. We investigated this prediction in the barn owl, a species in which females display on average larger black spots on the plumage than males, a heritable ornament. This melanin‐based colour trait is strongly selected in females and weakly counter‐selected in males indicating sex‐dependent selection. In nestling barn owls, we found that daily variation in baseline corticosterone levels, a key hormone that mediates life history trade‐offs, covaries with spot diameter displayed by their biological parents. When their mother displayed larger spots, nestlings had lower corticosterone levels in the morning and higher levels in the evening, whereas the opposite pattern was found with the size of paternal spots. Our study suggests a link between daily regulation of glucocorticoids and sex‐dependent selection exerted on sexually dimorphic melanin‐based ornaments.
Much more than a ratio: multivariate selection on female bodies
Authors: BROOKS R. , SHELLY J. P. , FAN J. , ZHAI L. , CHAU D. K. P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStudies of the attractiveness of female bodies have focussed strongly on the waist, hips and bust, but sexual selection operates on whole phenotypes rather than the relative proportions of just two or three body parts. Here, we use body scanners to extract computer‐generated images of 96 Chinese women’s bodies with all traits unrelated to body shape removed. We first show that Chinese and Australian men and women rate the attractiveness of these bodies the same. We then statistically explore the roles of age, body weight and a range of length and girth measures on ratings of attractiveness. Last, we use nonlinear selection analysis, a statistical approach developed by evolutionary biologists to explore the interacting effects of suites of traits on fitness, to study how body traits interact to determine attractiveness. Established proxies of adiposity and reproductive value, including age, body mass index and waist‐to‐hip ratio, were all correlated with attractiveness. Nonlinear response surface methods using the original traits consistently outperform all of these indices and ratios, suggesting that indices of youth and abdominal adiposity tell only part of the story of body attractiveness. In particular, our findings draw attention to the importance of integration between abdominal measures, including the bust, and the length and girth of limbs. Our results provide the most comprehensive analysis to date of the effect of body shape and fat deposition on female attractiveness.
Genetic load, inbreeding depression and heterosis in an age‐structured metapopulation
Authors: ZHOU SHURONG , ZHOU CUICUI , PANNELL JOHN R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn a metapopulation, the process of recurrent local extinction and recolonization gives rise to an age structure among demes. Recently established demes will tend to differ from older demes in terms of the levels of genetic diversity found within them and the way this diversity is distributed among demes in the same and different ages. The effects of population turnover on average levels of genetic diversity among demes in a metapopulation have been the focus of much attention, both for neutral and nonneutral loci, but much less is known about the distribution of nonneutral genetic diversity among demes of different ages. In this paper, we used computer simulations to study the distribution of genetic load, inbreeding depression and heterosis in an age‐structured metapopulation. We found that, for mildly deleterious mutations, within‐deme inbreeding depression increased, whereas heterosis and genetic load decreased with deme age following severe colonization bottlenecks. In contrast, recessive lethal alleles tended to be purged during colonization, with older populations showing higher genetic load and higher within‐deme inbreeding depression. Heterosis caused by recessive lethal alleles and resulting from gene flow among different demes tended to be greatest for young demes, because the mutations responsible tended to be purged in the first few generations after colonization, but its effects increased again as populations grow older as a result of immigration. Our results point to a need for estimates of genetic diversity, genetic load, within‐deme inbreeding depression and heterosis in demes of different age classes separately.
Effects of inbreeding on aversive learning in Drosophila
Authors: NEPOUX V. , HAAG C. R. , KAWECKI T. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractInbreeding adversely affects life history traits as well as various other fitness‐related traits, but its effect on cognitive traits remains largely unexplored, despite their importance to fitness of many animals under natural conditions. We studied the effects of inbreeding on aversive learning (avoidance of an odour previously associated with mechanical shock) in multiple inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster derived from a natural population through up to 12 generations of sib mating. Whereas the strongly inbred lines after 12 generations of inbreeding (0.75 < F < 0.93) consistently showed reduced egg‐to‐adult viability (on average by 28%), the reduction in learning performance varied among assays (average = 18% reduction), being most pronounced for intermediate conditioning intensity. Furthermore, moderately inbred lines (F = 0.38) showed no detectable decline in learning performance, but still had reduced egg‐to‐adult viability, which indicates that overall inbreeding effects on learning are mild. Learning performance varied among strongly inbred lines, indicating the presence of segregating variance for learning in the base population. However, the learning performance of some inbred lines matched that of outbred flies, supporting the dominance rather than the overdominance model of inbreeding depression for this trait. Across the inbred lines, learning performance was positively correlated with the egg‐to‐adult viability. This positive genetic correlation contradicts a trade‐off observed in previous selection experiments and suggests that much of the genetic variation for learning is owing to pleiotropic effects of genes affecting functions related to survival. These results suggest that genetic variation that affects learning specifically (rather than pleiotropically through general physiological condition) is either low or mostly due to alleles with additive (semi‐dominant) effects.
Acclimation of thermal physiology in natural populations ofDrosophila melanogaster : a test of an optimality model
Authors: COOPER B. S. , CZARNOLESKI M. , ANGILLETTA M. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMany organisms modify their physiological functions by acclimating to changes in their environment. Recent studies of thermal physiology have been influenced by verbal models that fail to consider the selective advantage of acclimation and thus make no predictions about variation in acclimation capacity. We used a quantitative model of optimal plasticity to generate predictions about the capacity ofDrosophila melanogasterto acclimate to developmental temperature. This model predicts that the ability to acclimate thermal sensitivity should evolve when temperature varies greatly among generations. Based on the model, we expected that flies from the highly seasonal environment of New Jersey would acclimate thermal sensitivity more than would flies from the less seasonal environment of Florida. When raised at constant and fluctuating temperatures, flies from these populations failed to adjust their thermal optima in the way predicted by the model, suggesting that current assumptions about functional and genetic constraints should be reconsidered.
Strategic Ejaculation in the Black Scavenger Fly Sepsis cynipsea Revisited: Copula Duration as a Function of Sperm Depletion and Body Size
Authors: Teuschl Yvonne , Reim Constanze , Meister Barbara , Egger Jacqueline , Blanckenhorn Wolf U. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe massive numbers of sperm males transfer during a single mating are physiologically costly and the amount of sperm that can be stored is limited. Therefore, males can perform only a finite number of successive copulations without loss of fertility, and males should allocate sperm prudently. We investigated sperm availability and depletion in male black scavenger flies, Sepsis cynipsea (Diptera: Sepsidae), asking whether males adjust copula duration according to nutrition, their sperm stores, their own and their partner’s body size, as predicted by theory. We created a gradient of sperm limitation by restricting dung (their protein resource as adults) and subjecting males to a varying number of copulations. While male fertility did not depend on access to fresh dung (contrary to females), it did decline after three copulations, and more so when males were small. Larger females tended to lay more unfertilized eggs after copulating with previously mated males. However, copula duration was not influenced by a male’s number of previous copulations, and therefore apparently not by his current sperm stores. Nevertheless, copula duration varied with male size, with small males copulating longer, and with female size, as copulations lasted longer with larger females, suggesting that males are investing more sperm in larger, more fecund females. While male copula adjustments to their own nutrition and body size may be simple (proximate) physiological responses, responses to female size indicate more strategic and sophisticated sperm‐allocation strategies than previously thought.
A redescription and notes on biology ofCisseis fascigeraObenberger (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on decliningEucalyptus wandooin south‐western Australia
Authors: Hooper Ryan J , Wills Allan , Shearer Bryan L , Sivasithamparam Krishnapillai 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCisseis fascigera(Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a wood‐boring insect implicated in the development of decline symptoms onEucalyptus wandoo(Myrtaceae) in south‐western Australia, is redescribed including observations on its biology onE. wandoo. Confusion surrounding generic placement was attributed to a subtle morphological divergence between sexes (termed pseudo‐dimorphism) in characters subject to historic, taxonomic controversy in Coroebini, Bedel (e.g. depression on the frontovertex) and current generic diagnostics were used to justify its placement inCisseisGory & Laporte. Holotype locality was not consistent with the radiation ofCisseisacross Australia and well‐established endemic habitats, suggesting a processing error or relict host in New Guinea.Cisseis fascigerawas distinguished from other Australian wood‐borers (e.g.Phoracanthaspp.) by a strongly selected oviposition site on twigs and longitudinally constructed galleries, implying a different attack strategy, requiring further study into a host‐stress relationship. The ability of larvae to complete a 1‐year life cycle may be influenced by factors limiting the entry into large branches prior to overwintering. High variability in larval size was recorded, suggesting ambient developmental constraints differed between host stands and/or an extended emergence period, as adult beetles were captured from November to February. Future work involving trapping large numbers of adult beetles and using gallery width as a proxy for larval instars would enable bionomic analysis and a better understanding of the biology of this important endemic buprestid.
The seasonal phenology of Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Queensland
Authors: Muthuthantri Sakuntala , Maelzer Derek , Zalucki Myron P , Clarke Anthony R 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Bactrocera tryoni is a polyphagous fruit fly, originally endemic to tropical and subtropical coastal eastern Australia, but now also widely distributed in temperate eastern Australia. In temperate parts of its range, B. tryoni populations show distinct seasonal peaks driven by changing seasonal climates, especially changing temperature. In contrast to temperate areas, the seasonal phenology of B. tryoni in subtropical and tropical parts of its range is poorly documented and the role of climate unknown. Using a large, historical (1940s and 1950s) fruit fly trapping dataset, we present the seasonal phenology of B. tryoni at nine sites across Queensland for multiple (two to seven) years per site. We correlate monthly trap data for each site with monthly weather averages (temperature, rainfall and relative humidity) to investigate climatic influences. We also correlate observed population data with predicted population data generated by an existing B. tryoni population model. Supporting predictions from climate driven models, B. tryoni did show year‐round breeding at most Queensland sites. However, contrary to predictions, there was a common pattern of a significant population decline in autumn and winter, followed by a rapid population increase in August and then one or more distinct peaks of abundance in spring and summer. Mean monthly fly abundance was significantly different across sites, but was not correlated with altitudinal, latitudinal or longitudinal gradients. There were very few significant correlations between monthly fly population size and weather variables (either for the corresponding month or for up to 3 months previously) for eight of the nine sites. For the southern site of Gatton fly population abundance was correlated with temperature. Results suggest that although climate factors may be influencing patterns of B. tryoni population abundance in southern subtropical Queensland, they are not explaining patterns of abundance in northern subtropical and tropical Queensland. In the discussion we focus on the role of other factors, particularly larval host plant availability, as likely drivers of B. tryoni abundance in tropical and subtropical parts of its range.
Biology and pest status of Uraba lugens Walker (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Berndt Lisa A , Allen Geoff R 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGumleaf skeletoniser, Uraba lugens (Lepidoptera: Nolidae), is a native Australian defoliator of many Eucalyptus and related species, and has recently established in New Zealand. Outbreaks of this species have caused significant damage to natural and commercially managed forests in Australia, and threaten plantations and amenity trees in New Zealand. With the arrival of this pest in New Zealand, research interest in U. lugens has increased. This stimulated this review and update, with previously unpublished data presented, on its taxonomy, biology, distribution, pest status and management. Host species and natural enemies are also listed, including previously unpublished records.
“That was Then, but This is Now”: Historical Perspectives on Intercountry Adoption and Domestic Child Adoption in Australian Public Policy
Authors: CUTHBERT DENISE , SPARK CERIDWEN , MURPHY KATE 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper brings historical perspectives to bear on the ambivalent and contradictory position of adoption in Australian public policy. It examines the divergent histories of Australian domestic and intercountry adoption (ICA) since the mid‐1970s and the impact of these histories on adoption policy in Australia. It identifies tendencies in contemporary ICA to repeat elements of pre‐reform era domestic adoption. In particular, it is argued that the resistance of ICA to the move to openness in local adoption has been an unacknowledged driver of ICA for many Australian families. We offer corrective readings of the rise of ICA in relation to domestic adoption and conclude by offering alternatives for adoption policy which better align the two kinds of adoption, focusing on the needs of children, as distinct from the desires of adults.
The Value of Imputation Tax Credits on Australian Hybrid Securities
Authors: FEUERHERDT CLINTON , GRAY STEPHEN , HALL JASON 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTHybrid securities are becoming an increasingly important component of the capital structure of Australian firms. While displaying characteristics of both debt and equity, one principal equity attribute of hybrids is their ability to pay franked dividends. This enables resident domestic investors to claim corporate tax payments as a credit against personal tax obligations under Australia's dividend imputation tax system. This paper estimates a value for the ‘franking credits’ that attach to hybrid securities by examining stock price changes around ex‐dividend dates. We add to the literature that examines the ex‐day price changes of ordinary shares (OS) in that the hybrid securities we examine have high dividend yields and are relatively insensitive to market movements. Therefore the signal‐to‐noise ratio is much higher than for OS. Our analysis reveals that cum‐dividend day prices on hybrid securities do not include any value for franking credits. This result is consistent with the notion that the price‐setting investor in the Australian market is a foreign investor who places no value on franking credits.
Corporate Disclosures: Strategic Donation of Information*
Authors: SHIN JHINYOUNG , SINGH RAJDEEP 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we model a corporate insider's motivation of truthful pre‐trade disclosure of her private payoff‐relevant information. In a model in which disclosure has no efficiency gains like reduced cost of capital, no legal implications, and no signaling motivations, we show that a corporate insider may choose to disclose payoff‐relevant information as a means of maximizing her trading profits. This truthful disclosure is done pre‐trade and is beneficial to the corporate insider as it erodes the informational advantage of other traders with private information. This new rationale for public disclosure needs to be empirically tested by examining the trades of corporate insiders after, and not before, public disclosures.
Equity Options and Underlying Stocks' Behavior: Further Evidence from Japan*
Authors: LIU SHINHUA 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn an incomplete market, introduction of options could affect the underlying stocks' market behavior. We further examine the various impacts of the advent of equity options, using a recent sample of equity options in Japan. We find that option listings in Japan lead to significant increases in price and volatility, relative to a control sample matched by probability of listing, despite that equity options were launched after the index options in Japan. We discuss the apparent differences in the price and volatility effects across the markets, and conclude that differences in regulatory environments might be responsible.