bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid climate change increases diversity and homogenizes composition of coastal fish at high latitudes
Authors: Siwertsson Anna , Lindström Ulf , Aune Magnus , Berg Erik , Skarðhamar Jofrid , Varpe Øystein , Primicerio Raul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRapid warming at high latitudes triggers poleward shifts of species' distributions that impact marine biodiversity. In the open sea, the documented redistributions of fish lead to a borealization of Arctic fauna. A climate‐driven borealization and increased species diversity at high latitudes are also expected in coastal fish communities, but they have not been previously documented on a large, biogeographic scale. Here, we investigate the impact of temperature change over the last 25 years on fish communities along the coast of Norway. The study area, spanning different ecoclimatic zones between 62° and 71° N, harbors over 200 species of boreal and Arctic fish. Several of these fish species are harvested by coastal and indigenous communities, influencing settlement geography and livelihood. The long‐term data on coastal water temperatures and fish species were obtained from monitoring stations and scientific surveys. Water temperature measured at three fixed sampling stations distributed along the coast show increased temperatures during the study period. The fish species distribution and abundance data were obtained from the annually standardized scientific bottom trawl survey program. Fish species richness, which was highest in the south, increased with warming first in the south and then, gradually, further north, eventually affecting biodiversity in the whole study area. Fish community composition showed a distinct latitudinal pattern early in the study, with Arctic fish species confined to the north and boreal species dominating the south. The poleward shifts eventually eroded this zoogeographic pattern, resulting in more boreal fish species in the north and an increased homogenization of species composition along the Norwegian coast. The climate‐driven reorganization of fish communities affects coastal ecosystems that are exposed to fisheries, aquaculture, and other rapidly expanding human activities, stressing the urgent need for a climate adaptation of integrated coastal management.
GASZ is indispensable for gametogenesis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Guo Peilin , Yu Ye , Kang Hongxia , Liu Yutong , Zhu Dalin , Sun Chenxin , Xing Zhiping , Tang Ziyue , Chen Kai , Tan Anjiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe prominent role of the P‐element induced wimpy testis (PIWI)‐interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway in animals is to silence transposable elements and maintain genome stability, ensuring proper gametogenesis in gonads. GASZ (Germ cell protein with Ankyrin repeats, Sterile alpha motif, and leucine Zipper) is an evolutionarily conserved protein located on the outer mitochondrial membrane of germ cells and plays vital roles in the piRNA pathway and spermatogenesis in mammals. In the model insect Drosophila melanogaster, GASZ is essential for piRNA biogenesis and oogenesis, whereas its biological functions in non‐drosophilid insects are still unknown. Here, we describe a comprehensive investigation of GASZ functions in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, a lepidopteran model insect, by using a binary transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 system. The BmGASZ mutation did not affect growth and development, but led to sterility in both males and females. Eupyrene sperm bundles of mutant males exhibited developmental defects, while the apyrene sperm bundles were normal, which were further confirmed through double copulation experiments with sex‐lethal mutants, which males possess functional eupyrene sperm and abnormal apyrene sperm. In female mutant moths, ovarioles were severely degenerated and the eggs in ovarioles were deformed compared with that of wild type (WT). Further RNA‐seq and RT‐qPCR analysis revealed that amounts of piRNAs and transposon expression were dysregulated in gonads of mutants. In summary, this study has demonstrated vital roles of BmGASZ in gametogenesis through regulating the piRNA pathway in B. mori.
Role of estrogen signaling in fibroblastic reticular cells for innate and adaptive immune responses in antigen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Barrett Aidan , Horkeby Karin , Corciulo Carmen , Carlsten Hans , Lagerquist Marie K , Scheffler Julia M , Islander Ulrika 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWomen are more prone to develop rheumatoid arthritis, with peak incidence occurring around menopause. Estrogen has major effects on the immune system and is protective against arthritis. We have previously shown that treatment with estrogen inhibits inflammation and joint destruction in murine models of arthritis, although the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are specialized stromal cells that generate the three‐dimensional structure of lymph nodes (LNs). FRCs are vital for coordinating immune responses from within LNs and are characterized by the expression of the chemokine CCL19, which attracts immune cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether the influence of estrogen on innate and adaptive immune cells in arthritis is mediated by estrogen signaling in FRCs. Conditional knockout mice lacking estrogen receptor α (ERα) in CCL19‐expressing cells (Ccl19‐CreERαfl/fl) were generated and tested. Ccl19‐CreERαfl/fl mice and littermate controls were ovariectomized, treated with vehicle or estradiol and subjected to the 28‐day‐long antigen‐induced arthritis model to enable analyses of differentiated T‐ and B‐cell populations and innate cells in LNs by flow cytometry. The results reveal that while the response to estradiol treatment in numbers of FRCs per LN is significantly reduced in mice lacking ERα in FRCs, estrogen does not inhibit joint inflammation or markedly affect immune responses in this arthritis model. Thus, this study validates the Ccl19‐CreERαfl/fl strain for studying estrogen signaling in FRCs within inflammatory diseases, although the chosen arthritis model is deemed unsuitable for addressing this question.
Causal factors and time in formation of areas of endemism for land planarians in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Lago‐Barcia Domingo , Conti Luis Americo , Solà Eduard , Carbayo Fernando , DaSilva Marcio Bernardino 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHere, we discovered areas of endemism (AoE) for land planarians (Geoplaninae) and tested the influence of the past climate in the formation of AoEs in the southeastern AF in Brazil.LocationSoutheastern Atlantic Forest, Brazil.Materials and MethodsWe used 1888 records of 371 species in Endemicity Analysis and Geographic Interpolation of Endemism to uncover AoEs. We also carried out a species distribution modelling (SDM) of three genera to see the suitability regions where they were distributed during Mid‐Pliocene, Last Interglacial Maximum, Last Glacial Maximum and present time. Finally, we inferred a molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae aiming to estimate divergence times of the taxa to test the relative influence of more recent climatic fluctuations in the speciations.ResultsWe delimited 15 robust AoEs. SDM corroborates past climate altered some genera distribution. However, results of the phylogenetic analysis resulted in time estimation older than Pleistocene climatic fluctuations for more recent speciations. These endemic patterns could be explained through processes of reduction and expansion of suitability areas but in older times as generally reported in the literature. Geological events that formed mountains, sedimentary basins and major rivers are integrated with climate to explain high endemism and diversification.Main ConclusionsPlanarians have shown to be an optimal model for fine‐scale studies of AoE and diversification in AF. Pleistocene climatic fluctuations seem to have not been responsible for their diversification, but older climatic changes with geological events seem to have influenced their speciations and the present‐day high levels of endemism. In the future, robust phylogenies with more comprehensive sampling integrated with palaeoecological models will help to understand the diversification of the AF.
Spatio‐temporal shift in body size and plumage coloration is associated with the magnitude of climate change in a cosmopolitan owl
Authors: Romano Andrea , Florent Gaëlle , Novelli Andrea , Séchaud Robin , Roulin Alexandre 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimClimatic gradients shape geographic variation in phenotypic traits that are involved in animal thermoregulation. Therefore, increasing temperatures under global warming are expected to cause change over time in traits that show predictable spatial patterns according to environmental clines (body and appendage size, tegument coloration), as well exemplified by biogeographic rules and shown by increasing literature at a local scale. However, whether temporal shifts in phenotypic traits vary spatially according to the magnitude of the change in local climatic conditions is still unknown.LocationWorld.TaxonBarn owl species complex (Tyto alba group).MethodsBy using thousands of museum specimens collected across the globe from 1901 to 2018, we calculated within‐population change over time in wing length, bill length and melanin‐based plumage coloration and examined whether these trends differed across geographic regions, latitudes and gradients of climate changes.ResultsWe showed that populations exposed to an increasing warmer climate were subjected to a more marked decrease in body size, as gauged by wing length, and also absolute bill length that displayed a similar, although less steep, pattern of shrinking over time. In addition, phaeomelanin‐based ventral plumage colour has become paler in regions where the climate changed into warmer and drier, and darker where both temperature and precipitation increased.Main ConclusionsThese trends are generally coherent with the predictions based on Bergmann's and Gloger's rules, but not Allen's rule, and suggest that temporal shifts in body size and tegument colour depend on the magnitude of the alteration in climatic conditions, with populations living in regions where the climate has changed the most that are subjected to more marked phenotypic changes. Spatio‐temporal variation in climate has driven within‐species phenotypic clines, and it is expected to increase differences among populations according to the predicted further climate change.
‘I'm still su!c!dal when you're done with the paperwork’: an inductive framework thematic analysis of #camhs on TikTok
Authors: Foster Molly , Frith Hannah , John Mary 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundYoung people are sharing their experiences of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in the United Kingdom on TikTok. Little is known about the content of these videos and their influence on young people's attitudes towards seeking professional mental health support.MethodsThis study explored how CAMHS is represented in a sample of 100 #camhs TikTok videos using participatory inductive framework thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes were developed alongside young people as co‐researchers: (a) CAMHS can be frustrating and unhelpful, but sometimes life‐saving, (b) Young people can feel their distress is invalidated by CAMHS, (c) CAMHS makes young people feel responsible for their distress, and (d) Young people may not feel CAMHS professionals are trustworthy. Video content described dismissive responses to expressions of suicidal ideation, professional knowledge being privileged over lived experience, and breaches of confidentiality. Some shared positive experiences of CAMHS helping to keep them safe.ConclusionsTogether, the themes reflect a representation of CAMHS as a service where adults are powerful and young people occupy a subjugated position. This may influence young people's professional help‐seeking behaviour. Recommendations for clinical practice and future research are presented.
Preliminary investigation into long‐term stress by isolated captivity‐related changes of reproduction hormones in Cynomolgus monkey
Authors: Kim Ji Woon , Lee Yoon Beom , Jo Woori , Kang Tae‐Ku , Park Na‐Hye , Lee Gwang‐Hoon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundStress profoundly affects physical and emotional well‐being, extending its physiological influence to the female menstrual cycle, impeding the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, and affecting fertility by suppressing sex‐stimulating hormones.MethodsIn this study, we meticulously analyzed menstrual cycles and corresponding hormonal fluctuations in three female Cynomolgus monkeys.ResultsThe preliminary findings indicated lower‐than‐normal levels of cortisol, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol. Anovulatory bleeding occurred in one monkey, which could be linked to stress. In contrast to cortisol, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is correlated to cortisol levels, was consistently elevated in menstruating monkeys, suggesting its potential as a stress indicator. The non‐menstruating group exhibited stress‐related weight loss, emphasizing the observed ALP trends.ConclusionsNon‐menstruating monkeys may experience more stress than menstruating monkeys. The implications of this study extend beyond the confines of primate studies and offer a valuable method for enhancing the welfare of female Cynomolgus monkeys.
The role of family relationships on adolescents' development and adjustment during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: Campione‐Barr Nicole , Skinner Ann , Moeller Kimberly , Cui Lixian , Kealy Carmen , Cookston Jeff 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn typical times, adolescents' relationships with family members influence changing cognitive, social, and physical aspects of their development. The COVID‐19 pandemic, however, impacted the full family system in ways that were unprecedented. Scholars of adolescence worldwide were driven to understand how adolescents' relationships with family members changed due to these dramatic societal shifts and the influence these relationships had on adolescents' well‐being. This systematic review examined two research questions with 189 articles published from 2020–2022: (1) How has the COVID‐19 pandemic impacted families with adolescents, including broader family functioning, family relationship qualities, and parenting? and (2) How has the pandemic or pandemic‐related stressors interacted with family functioning, family relationships, and parenting of adolescents to impact adolescent well‐being and adjustment? Additionally, examination of the relevant studies were divided into sub‐themes of pandemic influence: (a) family environment and routines, (b) family difficulties, (c) parenting and parent−adolescent relationships, and (d) sibling relationships.
Feeling a little uneasy: A comparative discourse analysis of White and BIPOC college students’ reflective writing about systemic racism
Authors: Coleman Brett Russell , Yantis Caitlyn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis critical discourse analysis compares the ways in which White and BIPOC college students discuss their experiences of an educational intervention meant to promote better understanding of systemic racism. We analyzed reflective writing produced by 11 White psychology students from a private liberal arts college in the eastern United States and 17 BIPOC students from a Human Services program at a public university in the western United States. White students engaged in whiteness discourse that distanced themselves from the realities of systemic racism and/or relieved the cognitive dissonance associated with the self‐ and group‐image threat related to learning about systemic racism. In so doing, they unwittingly upheld white supremacy. BIPOC students, in contrast, engaged an antiracist discourse that employed critiques of the social systems that produce systemic racism and destabilized dominant colorblind narratives, often by drawing on lived experience. From the Critical Race Theory perspective that the centrality of lived experience is a legitimate lens through which to analyze racial subordination, we discuss the importance of attending to the action orientation and constructed nature of discourse in antiracist education.
Establishing a telehealth model addressing paediatric sleep health in remote and rural Northern Territory Australia: Overcoming the distance barrier
Authors: Gentin Natalie , Howarth Timothy P , Crossland Graeme , Patel Hemi , Jonas Catherine , Blecher Gregory , Widger John , Whybourne Annie , Heraganahally Subash S 
Published: May 2024

AimThis study examined the outcomes of a telehealth model for sleep health assessment among Indigenous and non‐Indigenous children residing in remote and regional communities at the Top End Northern Territory (NT) of Australia.MethodsVideo telehealth consultation, that included clinical history and relevant physical findings assessed virtually with an interstate paediatric sleep physician was conducted remotely. Polysomnography (PSG) and therapeutic interventions were carried out locally at Darwin, NT. The study participants were children referred between 2015 and 2020.ResultsOf the total 812 children referred for sleep assessment, 699 underwent a diagnostic PSG. The majority of patients were female (63%), non‐Indigenous (81%) and resided in outer regional areas (88%). Indigenous children were significantly older and resided in remote or very remote locations (22% vs. 10%). Referral patterns differed according to locality and Indigenous status – (non‐Indigenous via private (53%), Indigenous via public system (35%)). Receipt of referrals to initial consultation was a median of 16 days and 4 weeks from consult to PSG. Remote children had slightly longer time delay between the referral and initial consult (32 vs. 15 days). Fifty one percent were diagnosed to have OSA, 27% underwent adenotonsillectomy and 2% were prescribed with CPAP therapy.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated that a telehealth model can be an effective way in overcoming logistical barriers and in providing sleep health services to children in remote and regional Australia. Further innovative efforts are needed to improve the service model and expand the reach for vulnerable children in very remote communities.
Dynamic regulation of water potential in Juniperus osteosperma mediates ecosystem carbon fluxes
Authors: Guo Jessica S. , Barnes Mallory L. , Smith William K. , Anderegg William R. L. , Kannenberg Steven A. 
Published: May 2024

Summary

Some plants exhibit dynamic hydraulic regulation, in which the strictness of hydraulic regulation (i.e. iso/anisohydry) changes in response to environmental conditions. However, the environmental controls over iso/anisohydry and the implications of flexible hydraulic regulation for plant productivity remain unknown.

In Juniperus osteosperma, a drought‐resistant dryland conifer, we collected a 5‐month growing season time series of in situ, high temporal‐resolution plant water potential () and stand gross primary productivity (GPP). We quantified the stringency of hydraulic regulation associated with environmental covariates and evaluated how predawn water potential contributes to empirically predicting carbon uptake.

Juniperus osteosperma showed less stringent hydraulic regulation (more anisohydric) after monsoon precipitation pulses, when soil moisture and atmospheric demand were high, and corresponded with GPP pulses. Predawn water potential matched the timing of GPP fluxes and improved estimates of GPP more strongly than soil and/or atmospheric moisture, notably resolving GPP underestimation before vegetation green‐up.

Flexible hydraulic regulation appears to allow J. osteosperma to prolong soil water extraction and, therefore, the period of high carbon uptake following monsoon precipitation pulses. Water potential and its dynamic regulation may account for why process‐based and empirical models commonly underestimate the magnitude and temporal variability of dryland GPP.
Phenotyping methodologies of log end splitting in eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.)
Authors: Soares Luis Carlos da Silva , Moreira Jorcélio Cabral , Botega Gustavo Pucci , Carneiro Vinicius Quintão , Lafetá Bruno Oliveira , de Figueiredo Izabel Cristina Rodrigues , Gonçalves Flávia Maria Avelar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the crucial consideration of log end splitting in breeding programmes for treated wood. There is a paucity of research focused on efficiently optimizing the phenotyping process for this particular trait. The study aimed to compare methodologies for log end splitting phenotyping and develop an image‐based crack evaluation approach. Initially, 32 eucalyptus clones underwent phenotyping using manual measurement, digital image analysis and visual evaluation. Results showed similar phenotypic values, but image analysis demonstrated better clone discrimination, reducing evaluation time to 78 h compared to manual measurement. The second part focused on testing convolutional neural network architectures (UNet, LinkNet and FPN) using real and synthetic images. U‐Net exhibited slight superiority based on higher Intersection over Union (IoU) values, exhibiting a high correlation (.89) with true values. This approach significantly reduced evaluation time to approximately 10.15 h, emphasizing its efficiency compared to traditional methods.
Social media use among adolescents with acne: A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Finan Cyrelle F. , Leon Phoenix , Midani Lynn , Hill Deirdre A. , Smidt Aimee C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSocial media is increasingly used by patients for the management of skin conditions like acne, despite the potential risk for low‐quality information. This study surveyed 45 participants between the ages of 12 and 17 years to investigate factors that could be associated with social media use among adolescents with acne. The likelihood of social media use was not significantly increased by clinical severity of acne, more severe physical barriers (greater than or equal to 20 miles to the dermatology clinic), more severe temporal barriers (waiting 12 or more weeks for a first dermatology appointment), or worsened quality of life (assessed via the Skindex‐Teen score). This study increases understanding of adolescents' social media behaviors, particularly as a way to seek information for skin conditions like acne.
A novel reverse perilesional home phototherapy can promote the repigmentation of vitiligo patches with complete leukotrichia: A 12‐week, open‐label, double‐arm, multicenter, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lei Na , Cao Xuechen , Feng Yifei , Liu Guoyan , Feng Jianqing , Zhao Yidong , Zhao Zhiming , Li Ziyu , Song Lebin , Lu Yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground/PurposeExisting phototherapies are ineffective for treating patients with vitiligo with complete leukotrichia. We compared the efficacy of reverse perilesional irradiation, during which only the lesional areas are covered, with conventional narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) home phototherapy for repigmentation of non‐segmental vitiligo in patients with complete leukotrichia.MethodsThis was a 12‐week, open‐label, double‐arm, multicenter clinical trial, with a total of 121 patients with non‐segmental vitiligo who were randomly divided into two groups (both received topical tacrolimus): the conventional NB‐UVB irradiation (CI) and reverse perilesional NB‐UVB irradiation (RI) groups.ResultsA statistically significant difference in improvement from baseline was observed in the RI group compared with the findings in the CI group (−30.8% ± 11.8% vs. −25.5% ± 11.05%, respectively [p = .010]; pair‐wise comparison p = .900 at week 4, p = .104 at week 8, and p = .010 at week 12). At week 12, the average percentage change from baseline of leukotrichia in the irradiation area significantly decreased from 100% to 82.2% ± 13.65% in the RI group, and from 100% to 88.7% ± 9.64% in the CI group (p = .027). Adverse events were minor, including desquamation, dryness, erythema, and blisters. No severe or lasting side effects were observed during the study.ConclusionRI mediated better repigmentation of vitiligo with complete leukotrichia than CI.