bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Aqueous‐Phase Oxidation of HCHO Opens a Pathway to Formic Acids in Atmosphere?
Authors: Gang Xu , XinQing Lee , HongBo Shao , YingChun Lv 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFormic acid is the major contributor to acid rain in some regions but its sources are not fully understood. We investigated the aqueous‐phase reactions of HCHO (aq) and OH. radicals at enlarged rainwater pH values (2.49–5.89) in Guiyang, China from May 2006 to April 2007. Our results show that there were no significant correlation between the [HCOOH]t/[HCHO] (aq) and the rainwater pH. The ratio did not appear to vary consistently as a function of rainwater pH as predicted by theoretical model. In addition, we saw no clear evidence that oxidation of HCHO (aq) would produce significant HCOOH (aq) which indicates this reaction may be only a minor contribution to the budget of HCOOH (g) in atmosphere. Further investigation is strongly suggested to be carried out in field cloud water, fog water, or rainwater because the ratios would be diverged from equilibrium value as a result of other chemical or physical processes.
Estimating Net Primary Productivity and Nutrient Stock in Plant in Freshwater Marsh, Northeastern China
Authors: Yu Junbao , Liu Jingshuang , Meixner Franz X. , Wang Jinda , Gao Yongjun , Wang Yang , Qi Xiaoning , Chen Xiaobing 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe have investigated the contributions of three dominant macrophyte species, Deyeuxia angustifolia, Carex lasiocarpa, and Carex pseudocuraica (covering about 10 304 km2), to carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stocks in the largest freshwater marsh (17 300 km2) in China for a 3‐year period (from 2002 to 2004). The monthly biomass, seasonal, and annual net primary productivity (NPP), and nutrient concentrations of three species were measured. All three plant species showed rapid growth in the rainy season. The maximum and minimum production rates in the freshwater marsh were ∼36.19 and ∼9.92 g m−2 day−1, respectively. The total NPP accounts 1900–2700 g m−2 year−1 in the studied area. Total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in roots were higher than those in stem and leaf tissues. The vast beds of the three studied species comprise 80% of the grass covered marsh of Sanjiang plain, contributing annual nutrient stocks of ∼10.99 × 106, ∼788.36 × 103, and ∼18.10 × 103 t (tonnes) for TOC, TN, and TP, respectively. Our results suggest that the nutrient bioaccumulation capacity in freshwater marshes depend mainly on plant species, which are decided by hydrological conditions. The nutrient stocks in the Sanjiang plain marsh have been greatly reduced because some of the area occupied by C. lasiocarpa was replaced by D. angustifolia as a result of succession caused by the changes of water table.
The hydrological response of Pteronia incana‐ invaded areas in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Odindi J. O. , Kakembo V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe impact of vegetation invasion on hillslope soil moisture dynamics was investigated by comparing three surface cover conditions. Soil moisture variations under grass, bare areas and Pteronia incana, a patchy invader shrub, were monitored fortnightly between 01 November 2007 and 01 May 2008 in an experimental setup where high frequency ECH2O EC‐20 soil moisture probes connected to a 5‐channel Em50 datalogger were calibrated and installed in the field. Grass cover had consistently high moisture readings during the three major rainfall episodes identified. Soil moisture retention was also greatest under grass cover. The difference in post‐rainfall moisture retention between grass and P. incana surfaces was significant up to about 6 days; thereafter, a parallel trend in soil moisture change was noted. Grass cover experienced the highest moisture loss after each rainfall episode. The constrained soil moisture budget under P. incana and bare areas has implications for runoff conditions and landscape functionality. Despite this, P. incana's resource capture capability, as demonstrated by persistent, albeit limited soil moisture retention, must be taken cognizance of when developing strategies to rehabilitate rangelands with P. incana–bare surface mosaics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Doubly Base‐Stabilized Diborane(4) [HB(μ‐hpp)]2 (hpp = 1,3,4,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐2H‐pyrimido[1,2‐a]pyrimidinate): Synthesis by Catalytic Dehydrogenation and Reactions with S8 and Disulfides (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 33/2010)
Authors: Schulenberg Nikola , Ciobanu Oxana , Kaifer Elisabeth , Wadepohl Hubert , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows the crystal structure of the product of oxidative insertion of sulfur into the B–B bond of the doubly base‐stabilized diborane(4) [HB(μ‐hpp)]2 (hpp = 1,3,4,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐2H‐pyrimido[1,2‐a]pyrimidinate). The colours observed in the course of this reaction are similar to those of the sunset at Flügge beach on the island Fehmarn shown in the background. While the sunset colours are caused by refraction of sunlight, oligosulfide intermediates such as S82– and S3– are responsible for the colours visible during the reaction. The photographs of the flask show the reaction mixture in toluene solutions after 3, 12, 68 and 200 min and after 18 h. Details are discussed in the article by H.‐J. Himmel et al. on p. 5201 ff. The authors thank Andreas Schuster for the design of the cover picture.
Fatty acid esters of chloropropanols and related compounds in food: Toxicological aspects
Authors: Schilter Benoit , Scholz Gabriele , Seefelder Walburga 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe presence of fatty acid esters of 3‐monochloro‐1,2‐propanediol (3‐MCPD esters) has been reported in various types of foods and food ingredients, especially in refined vegetable oils. More recently, it has been acknowledged that 3‐MCPD esters are formed during processing together with a number of other structurally related and toxicologically relevant chemicals such as 2‐monochloro‐1,3‐propanol esters (2‐MCPD esters) and glycidyl esters. Although no evidence is available of any adverse effects of dietary exposure to these esters, the actual human health significance of these compounds is difficult to appreciate due to the lack of toxicological and exposure data. An indirect concern has been raised by the potential release of free chloropropanols (e.g., 3‐MCPD, 2‐MCPD) and glycidol resulting from the action of lipases, which may hydrolyze the esters in the gut.
Total Synthesis of a Mevinic Acid Analog
Authors: Reddy Thummalapally Srikanth , Reddy Dorigondla Kumar , Narasimhulu Manchala , Ramesh Dasari , Venkateswarlu Yenamandra 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTotal synthesis of mevinic acid analog 1 has been achieved efficiently starting from chiral 2,3‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐glyceraldehyde (2). The synthesis involves Mitsunobu reaction and Evans' intramolecular oxa‐Michael syn‐addition reactions as key steps.
Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Cyclotides from Viola labridorica
Authors: Tang Jun , Wang Conan K. , Pan Xulin , Yan He , Zeng Guangzhi , Xu Wenyan , He Wenjun , Daly Norelle L. , Craik David J. , Tan Ninghua 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMany Violaceae plants contain cyclotides, which are plant cyclopeptides distinguished by a cyclic cystine knot motif with 28–37 amino acid residues. In the current study, four new cyclotides, vila A–D (1–4, resp.), together with a known cyclotide, varv D (5), were isolated from Viola labridorica (Violaceae). A chromatography‐based method was used to isolate the cyclotides, which were characterized using tandem mass spectrometry and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. Several of the cyclotides showed cytotoxic activities against five cancer cell lines, i.e., U251, MDA‐MB‐231, A549, DU145, and BEL‐7402, with vila A and B (1 and 2, resp.) being the most cytotoxic. The isolated cyclotides showed no antibacterial activity against Staphyloccocus aureus and Candida albicans. Homology modeling of the cyclotide structures was used to analyze structure–activity relationships.
Rehearsal and pedometer reactivity in children
Authors: Ling Fiona C.M. , Masters Richard S.W. , McManus Alison M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to investigate whether rehearsal, defined as the tendency to recurrently ruminate over upsetting aversive experiences, had an effect on pedometry reactivity. A total of 156 Hong Kong Chinese children aged 9–12 years were recruited. Participants completed the Rehearsal Scale for Children‐Chinese (RSC‐C; Ling, Maxwell, Masters, & McManus, 2010) and wore the pedometers for 3 consecutive weeks. The mean number of steps was significantly higher in Week 1 than in Week 3. High rehearsers showed a larger decrease in mean number of steps from Week 1 to Week 3 than low rehearsers. Future physical activity intervention studies should adjust for reactivity in their baseline measurements and should further examine the relationship between habitual PA and individual propensities for rehearsal. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 00:1–6, 2010.
Response of NF1‐related plexiform neurofibroma to High‐Dose Carboplatin
Authors: Hummel Trent , Anyane‐Yeboa Adjoa , Mo Jun , Towbin Alexander , Weiss Brian 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPlexiform neurofibromas (PN) are a hallmark of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). These large nerve tumors can be disfiguring and surgery is the only known standard therapy. Surgical intervention may be suboptimal due to the diffuse nature of PN. Here, we present a case in which we describe the use of high‐dose carboplatin to treat the patient's testicular seminoma which resulted in the decrease in size of a PN in a patient with NF1. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:488–490. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of advanced bone age in a cohort of patients who received cis‐retinoic acid for high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Hobbie Wendy L. , Moab Sogol Mostoufi‐ , Carlson Claire A. , Gruccio Denise , Ginsberg Jill P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the last decade, 13‐cis‐retinoic acid (13‐cis‐RA) has been added to the treatment of patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma. In survivors of neuroblastoma, short stature is consistently observed. Causes include growth hormone deficiency and poor growth of irradiated long bones. Within the survivorship program at CHOP, we have observed that a number of these patients also have advanced bone ages. Children treated with 13‐cis‐RA are at risk for advanced bone age that may dramatically impact their linear growth. Ongoing evaluation is necessary to examine the effect of 13‐cis‐RA on final adult height and to inform clinical practice in this cohort. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:474–476. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimating pediatric inpatient medication use in the United States
Authors: Lasky Tamar , Ernst Frank R. , Greenspan Jay , Wang Shirley , Gonzalez Liliana 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPurposeWe demonstrated the feasibility of developing national estimates of pediatric inpatient medication use by analyzing data from a large administrative database.MethodsPediatric inpatient data were extracted from Premier Perspective® database to calculate the prevalence of use of specific medications among hospitalized children in 2008. The database was validated by comparing characteristics to the HCUP KID sample of pediatric hospitalizations for 2006. Prevalence was calculated by categorizing patients as ever or never having received a specific drug.ResultsThe 10 drugs administered in the most pediatric hospitalizations were acetaminophen, lidocaine, ampicillin, gentamicin, fentanyl, ibuprofen, morphine, ondansetron, ceftriaxone, and albuterol.ConclusionsAlthough the database is not a probability‐based sample, it bears sufficient similarity to a probability‐based sample of pediatric hospitalizations (HCUP KID) to serve as a starting point in developing national estimates of inpatient pediatric medication use. Over 500 drug entities were administered to hospitalized children, but most are used by small percentages of hospitalized patients. The small numbers of children using any one drug has implications for efforts to study efficacy and safety, describe off‐label use, monitor adverse events, describe practice, and conduct comparative effectiveness research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear optical side‐chain polymers post‐functionalized with high‐β chromophores exhibiting large electro‐optic property
Authors: Piao Xianqing , Zhang Xianmin , Mori Yuichi , Koishi Masayuki , Nakaya Akinari , Inoue Shinichiro , Aoki Isao , Otomo Akira , Yokoyama Shiyoshi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractElectro‐optic side‐chain polymers have been synthesized by the post‐functionalization of methacrylate isocyanate polymers with novel phenyl vinylene thiophene vinylene bridge (FTC) nonlinear optical chromophores. For this application, FTC‐based chromophores were modified in their electronic donor structure, exhibiting much larger molecular hyperpolarizabilities compared with the benchmark FTC. Of these new chromophores, absorption spectra, hyper‐Rayleigh scattering experiment, and thermal analysis were carried out to confirm availability as effective nonlinear optical units for electro‐optic side‐chain polymers. The electro‐optic coefficients (r33) of obtained polymers were investigated in the process of in situ poling by monitoring the temperature, current flow, poling field, and electro‐optic signal. Compared with the nonsubstituted analogue, benxyloxy modified FTC chromophore significantly achieved higher nonlinear optical property, exhibiting molecular hyperpolarizability at 1.9 μm of 4600 × 10−30 esu and an r33 value of 150 pm/V at the wavelength of 1.31 μm. Synthesized electro‐optic polymers showed high glass transition temperature (Tg), so that the temporal stability examination exhibited >78% of the electro‐optic intensity remaining at 85 °C over 500 h. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Highly phosphonated poly(N‐phenylacrylamide) for proton exchange membranes
Authors: Fukuzaki Namiko , Nakabayashi Kazuhiro , Nakazawa Satoshi , Murata Shigeaki , Higashihara Tomoya , Ueda Mitsuru 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA novel highly phosphonated poly(N‐phenylacrylamide) (PDPAA) with an ion‐exchange capacity (IEC) of 6.72 mequiv/g was synthesized by the radical polymerization of N‐[2,4‐bis(diethoxyphosphinoyl)phenyl]acrylamide (DEPAA), followed by the hydrolysis with trimethylsilyl bromide. Then, the crosslinked PDPAA membrane was successfully prepared by the electrophilic substitution reaction between the aromatic rings of PDPAA and the carbocation formed from hexamethoxymethylmelamine (CYMEL) as a crosslinker in the presence of methanesulfonic acid. The crosslinked PDPAA membrane had high oxidative stability against Fenton's reagent at room temperature. The proton conductivity of the crosslinked PDPAA membrane was 8.8 × 10−2 S/cm at 95% relative humidity (RH) and 80 °C, which was comparable to Nafion 112. Under low RH, the crosslinked PDPAA membrane showed the proton conductivity of 1.9 × 10−3 and 4.7 × 10−5 S/cm at 50 and 30% RH, respectively. The proton conductivity of the crosslinked PDPAA membrane lied in the highest class among the reported phosphonated polymers, and, consequently, the very high local concentration of the acids of PDPAA (IEC = 6.72 mequiv/g) achieved high and effective proton conduction under high RH. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Novel superhydrophobic silica/poly(siloxane‐fluoroacrylate) hybrid nanoparticles prepared via surface‐initiated ATRP and their surface properties: The effects of polymerization conditions
Authors: Yu Hai‐Jiang , Luo Zheng‐Hong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA series of superhydrophobic poly(methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, MPTS‐b‐2,‐2,3,3,4,4,4‐heptafluorobutyl methacrylate, HFBMA)‐grafted silica hybrid nanoparticles (SiO2/PMPTS‐b‐PHFBMA) were prepared by two‐step surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP). Under the adopted polymerization conditions in our previous work, the superhydrophobic property was found to depend on the SI‐ATRP conditions of HFBMA. As a series of work, in this present study, the effects of polymerization conditions, such as the initiator concentration, the molar ratio of monomer and initiator, and the polymerization temperature on the SI‐ATRP kinetics and the interrelation between the kinetics and the surface properties of the nanoparticles were investigated. The results showed that the SI‐ATRP of HFBMA was well controlled. The results also showed that both the surface microphase separation and roughness of the hybrid nanoparticles could be strengthened with the increase of the molecular weight of polymer‐grafted silica hybrid nanoparticles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
The function of geometrical structure of B850 ring in bacterial photosynthetic antenna systems
Authors: Tei Go , Nakatani Masatoshi , Ishihara Hajime 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA series of simulations are made to investigate the function of characteristic ring‐shaped structure of B850 ring in peripheral light harvesting complex (LH2) in typical purple photosynthetic bacteria. The results suggest that the geometrical structure of B850 ring positively functions to realize the high efficient excitation energy transfer (EET) in the photosynthetic antenna systems. It also shows the importance of geometrical structure of units in EET not only in photosynthetic systems but also any other systems containing randomness in distribution of units.
DNA macroarray study of skin aging‐related genes expression modulation by antioxidant plant extracts on a replicative senescence model of human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Dudonné Stéphanie , Coutière Philippe , Woillez Marion , Mérillon Jean‐Michel , Vitrac Xavier 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a widely accepted pivotal mechanism leading to skin aging. It increases with age, while the endogenous defense mechanisms that counter them decrease. This imbalance, called oxidative stress, leads to the progressive damage of cellular structures and results in accelerated aging. Antioxidant compounds can provide protection from endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals. The main phenolic compounds of oak wood, mate leaf and benjoin resin antioxidant extracts were identified and the effects of these extracts on skin aging markers were evaluated using DNA macroarray technology. The transcriptional effect of the three antioxidant extracts was evaluated in vitro on a replicative senescence model of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF), using a customized DNA macroarray specifically designed to investigate aging markers such as dermal structure, cell renewal, inflammatory response and oxidative stress mechanisms. Among the 149 genes detected, the three antioxidant extracts presented a significant regulation of five genes involved in inflammatory response, cell renewal and antioxidant defenses. The collective transcriptional effects of these extracts suggest interesting antiaging properties which could be utilized in nutraceutical antiaging formulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robot‐assisted adrenalectomy: a technical option for the surgeon?
Authors: Giulianotti P. C. , Buchs N. C. , Addeo P. , Bianco F. M. , Ayloo S. M. , Caravaglios G. , Coratti A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe robotic approach is an interesting option for overcoming the limitations of laparoscopic adrenalectomy. We aimed to report our technique and outcomes of robot‐assisted adrenalectomy (RAA).MethodsFrom November 2000 to February 2010, all consecutive patients who underwent a RAA by the same surgeon were prospectively entered into a dedicated database. The data were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsDuring the study period, 21 right (50%), 20 left (47.6%) and 1 bilateral (2.4%) RAA were performed. Mean lesion size was 5.5 cm (max. 10 cm). Mean operative time was 118 ± 46 min and median blood loss was 27 ml. There were no conversions. The postoperative morbidity rate was 2.4%; mortality rate, 2.4%; median hospital stay, 4 days.ConclusionsRAA achieves good short‐term outcomes and could be considered a valid option for the treatment of adrenal masses, with the potential to expand the limits of minimally invasive surgery. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ex vivoaccuracy evaluation for robot assisted laser bone ablation
Authors: Burgner J. , Müller M. , Raczkowsky J. , Wörn H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundCutting bony tissue using short‐pulsed laser ablation enables contact‐free processing in arbitrary shapes and with considerably smaller incision widths compared with mechanical tools. This precise method necessitates assistance by robotic surgery.MethodsUsing a prototype system for robot assisted laser bone ablation, the complete workflow was evaluated. Planning of cutting incisions was performed based on CT datasets of anex vivobone of a pig. After registration the preplanned cutting was executed autonomously by the robot assisted laser ablation system.ResultsEvaluation of post‐operative measurements revealed an overall positioning accuracy of less than 0.5 mm.ConclusionRobot assisted laser bone ablation has the potential to revolutionize surgery, especially in those interventions where the accuracy achievable manually is not sufficient. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure of nicotine to ventral tegmental area slices induces glutamatergic synaptic plasticity on dopamine neurons
Authors: Jin Yu , Yang Kechun , Wang Hong , Wu Jie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNicotine promotes glutamatergic synaptic plasticity in dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which is thought to be an important mechanism underlying nicotine reward. However, it is unclear whether exposure of nicotine alone to VTA slice is sufficient to increase glutamatergic synaptic strength on DA neurons and which nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype mediates this effect. Here, we report that the incubation of rat VTA slices with 500 nM nicotine induces glutamatergic synaptic plasticity in DA neurons. We measure the ratio of AMPA and NMDA receptor‐mediated currents (AMPA/NMDA) and compare these ratios between nicotine‐treated and ‐untreated slices. Our results demonstrate that the incubation of VTA slices with 500 nM nicotine for 1 h (but not for 10 min) significantly increases the AMPA/NMDA ratio when compared with controls. Preincubation with 10 nM of the α7‐nAChR antagonist, methyllycaconitine (MLA) but not 1 μM α4‐containing nAChR antagonist, dihydro‐β‐erythroidine (DHβE) prevents nicotinic effect, suggesting that α7‐nAChRs are mainly mediated this nicotinic effect. This finding is further supported by the disappearance of this nicotinic effect in nAChR α7 knockout (KO) mice. Furthermore, nicotine reduced paired‐pulse ratio (PPR) of evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential (eEPSP) in the VTA slices prepared from wild‐type (WT) mice but not α7 KO mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that exposure of smoking‐relevant concentrations of nicotine to VTA slices is sufficient to increase glutamatergic synaptic strength on DA neurons and that α7‐nAChRs likely mediate this nicotinic effect through increasing presynaptic release of glutamate. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.