bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Evolution of the Archean Shawmere Anorthosite Complex and Associated Gneisses, Kapuskasing Uplift, Superior Province, Canada
Authors: Polat Ali , Frei Robert , Deng Hao , Longstaffe Fred J , Sotiriou Paul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, we integrated extensive field, petrographic, whole-rock major and trace element, and Nd–Pb–Sr–O isotope, and zircon U–Pb ages, trace element and Lu–Hf isotope data from the Neoarchean Shawmere Anorthosite Complex and surrounding gneisses to unravel their petrogenetic origin and tectonic history. The ~2765 Ma Shawmere Anorthosite Complex is interpreted to have been emplaced into a sequence of interlayered greywacke and basalt deposited in an intra-continental arc rift system above a north-dipping subduction zone. The complex consists mainly of anorthosite, leucogabbro, gabbro, and hornblendite that were emplaced as several batches of magmas and crystal mushes originating from sub-arc mantle sources. In contrast to the previous studies, our field and petrographic data suggest an igneous origin for the most hornblende in the complex, implying hydrous parental magmas. A hydrous magma origin is also consistent with the high-anorthite content (mostly 70–90%) of the plagioclase in the complex. Percolation of hydrous basaltic melts through gabbroic cumulates in crustal magma chambers led to extensive (&gt;50%) replacement of igneous clinopyroxene by igneous hornblende. Continued subduction resulted in the closure of the intra-arc rift system and the intrusion of the complex by tonalite, granodiorite and diorite between 2765 and 2680 Ma in an Andean-type margin. The complex and surrounding gneisses underwent hornblende granulite-facies metamorphism mainly between 2680 and 2620 Ma, overlapping with mid-crustal east-west extension between 2660 and 2640 Ma. The granulite-facies metamorphism is recorded by the replacement of hornblende, plagioclase and clinopyroxene by garnet and the development of a garnet-orthopyroxene-plagioclase metamorphic assemblage with a granoblastic texture. Tectonic rebounding of mid-crustal rocks to upper crustal levels after 2620 Ma led to the formation of an extensive network of extensional fractures and retrograde metamorphism. Migration of CO2-rich hydrous fluids along the extensional fractures and grain boundaries resulted in the precipitation of many metasomatic minerals mainly at the expense of hornblende and plagioclase, including epidote, clinozoisite, tremolite, actinolite, paragonite, margarite, titanite, quartz, calcite, sillimanite, dolomite, and chlorite. Prevalent replacement of hornblende by garnet during prograde metamorphism and metasomatic replacement of hornblende and plagioclase by retrograde mineral assemblages disturbed the Sm–Nd, U–Th–Pb, and Rb–Sr isotope systems.
RING/U-box E3 protein BIR1 interacts with and ubiquitinates barley growth repressor BROAD LEAF1
Authors: Soltani Ouad , Jöst Moritz , Hoffie Iris , Hensel Götz , Kappel Christian , Prag Gali , McKim Sarah , Kumlehn Jochen , Lenhard Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Establishment of final leaf size in plants relies on the precise regulation of 2 interconnected processes, cell division and cell expansion. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) protein BROAD LEAF1 (BLF1) limits cell proliferation and leaf growth in the width direction. However, how the levels of this potent repressor of leaf growth are controlled remains unclear. Here, we used a yeast 2-hybrid screen to identify the BLF1-INTERACTING RING/U-BOX 1 (BIR1) E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with BLF1 and confirmed the interaction of the 2 proteins in planta. Inhibiting the proteasome caused overaccumulation of a BLF1-eGFP fusion protein when co-expressed with BIR1, and an in vivo ubiquitination assay in bacteria confirmed that BIR1 can mediate ubiquitination of BLF1 protein. Consistent with regulation of endogenous BLF1 in barley by proteasomal degradation, inhibition of the proteasome in BLF1-vYFP–expressing barley plants caused an accumulation of the BLF1 protein. The BIR1 protein co-localized with BLF1 in nuclei and appeared to reduce BLF1 protein levels. Analysis of bir1-1 knockout mutants suggested the involvement of BIR1 in leaf growth control, although mainly on leaf length. Together, our results suggest that proteasomal degradation, in part mediated by BIR1, helps fine-tune BLF1 protein levels in barley.
A quadrilemma for theories of consciousness
Authors: List Christian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, I argue that no theory of consciousness can simultaneously respect four initially plausible metaphysical claims—namely ‘first-person realism’, ‘non-solipsism’, ‘non-fragmentation’, and ‘one world’—but that any three of the four claims are mutually consistent. So, theories of consciousness face a ‘quadrilemma’. Since it will be hard to achieve a consensus on which of the four claims to retain and which to give up, we arrive at a landscape of competing theories, all of which have pros and cons. I will briefly indicate which kinds of theories correspond to the four horns of the quadrilemma.
Trace Conservation Laws in T2/Zm Orbifold Gauge Theories
Authors: Takeuchi Kota , Inagaki Tomohiro 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Gauge theory compactified on an orbifold is defined by gauge symmetry, matter contents, and boundary conditions (BCs). There are equivalence classes (ECs), each of which consists of physically equivalent BCs. We propose the powerful necessary conditions, trace conservation laws (TCLs), which achieve a sufficient classification of ECs in U(N) and SU(N) gauge theories on T2/Zm orbifolds (m = 2, 3, 4, 6). The TCLs yield the equivalent relations between the diagonal BCs without relying on an explicit form of gauge transformations. The TCLs also show the existence of off-diagonal ECs, which consist only of off-diagonal matrices, on T2/Z4 and T2/Z6. After the sufficient classification, the exact numbers of ECs are obtained.
Deep learning in the precise assessment of primary Sjögren’s syndrome based on ultrasound images
Authors: Niu Xinyue , Zhou Yujie , Xu Jin , Xue Qin , Xu Xiaoyan , Li Jia , Wang Ling , Tang Tianyu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the value of a deep learning (DL) model based on greyscale ultrasound (US) images for precise assessment and accurate diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS).

Methods
This was a multicentre prospective analysis. All pSS patients were diagnosed according to 2016 ACR/EULAR criteria. A total of 72 pSS patients and 72 sex- and age-matched healthy controls recruited between January 2022 and April 2023, together with 41 patients and 41 healthy controls recruited from June 2023 to February 2024 were used for DL model development and validation, respectively. The DL model was constructed based on the ResNet 50 input with preprocessed all participants’ bilateral submandibular glands (SMGs), parotid glands (PGs), and lacrimal glands (LGs) greyscale US images. Diagnostic performance of the model was compared with two radiologists. The accuracy of prediction and identification performance of DL model were evaluated by calibration curve.

Results
A total of 864 and 164 greyscale US images of SMGs, PGs, and LGs were collected for development and validation of the model. The area under the ROC (AUCs) of DL model in the SMGs, PGs, and LGs were 0.92, 0.93, 0.91 in the model cohort, and were 0.90, 0.88, 0.87 in the validation cohort, respectively, outperforming both radiologists. Calibration curves showed the prediction probability of the DL model was consistent with the actual probability in both model cohort and validation cohort.

Conclusion
The DL model based on greyscale US images showed diagnostic potential in the precise assessment of pSS patients in the SMGs, PGs and LGs, outperforming conventional radiologist evaluation.
Advancing the Measurement of Social Functioning in Schizophrenia: Applications of Egocentric Social Network Analysis
Authors: Abplanalp Samuel J , Catalano Lauren T , Green Michael F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
People with schizophrenia face challenges with forming and maintaining social relationships, often resulting in poor social functioning. Commonly used measures of social functioning provide broad information relating to social relationships, but they do not adequately capture information regarding network structure and characteristics of network members. One method that can assess these more detailed aspects of social networks and provide a more comprehensive understanding of social functioning deficits is egocentric social network analysis (SNA). SNA is a scientific discipline that uses principles of network science and graph theory to analyze social relations quantitatively. Even though some types of SNA have been applied in prior schizophrenia studies, its application as a framework to measure social functioning has been extremely limited. Therefore, this article aims to formally introduce SNA and select quantitative SNA metrics, including measures of network composition, structure, homophily, and centrality, to schizophrenia researchers as novel ways of measuring components of social functioning. To demonstrate the application of SNA, we provide illustrative examples of the SNA metrics and graphical diagrams of social networks for two individuals with schizophrenia.
Institutional implications for science and industrial capacity: policy lessons from the UK’s pandemic response
Authors: Watkins Andrew , Srinivas Smita , Wield David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Global shortages of critical equipment and supplies induced by COVID-19 forced countries to rapidly build and ramp up their indigenous testing and production capacities. However, the many ways in which institutional and organizational change occurred has not been sufficiently captured. Building domestic capacity requires the leveraging and repurposing of existing domestic scientific and technological capabilities, coupled with intensified global outreach to new and existing partners and suppliers. Using the framework of institutional variety, this paper looks at two facets of the UK’s COVID emergency industrial response: (1) building its laboratory testing capabilities and (2) for increasing production of personal protective equipment; assessing the institutional capacities and relations that were leveraged in this regard. It uses these findings together with observations of ‘innovation processes under emergency conditions’ and the potential uses of a ‘critical equipment policy’ to sharpen some of the recommendations made in the UK’s post-COVID Research and Development Roadmap.
Developmental PFOS exposure alters lung inflammation and barrier integrity in juvenile mice
Authors: Lucas Joseph H , Wang Qixin , Meehan-Atrash Jiries , Pang Cortney , Rahman Irfan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Emerging epidemiological evidence indicates perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is increasingly associated with asthma and respiratory viral infections. Animal studies suggest PFOS disrupts lung development and immuno-inflammatory responses, but little is known about the potential consequences on respiratory health and disease risk. Importantly, PFOS exposure during the critical stages of lung development may increase disease risk later in life. Thus, we hypothesized that developmental PFOS exposure will affect lung inflammation and alveolar/airway development in a sex-dependent manner. To address this knowledge gap, timed pregnant Balb/cJ dams were orally dosed with a PFOS (1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg/d) injected mealworm or a vehicle control daily from gestational day (GD) 0.5 to postnatal day (PND) 21, and offspring were sacrificed at PND 22-23. PFOS-exposed male offspring displayed increased alveolar septa thickness. Occludin was also downregulated in the lungs after PFOS exposure in mice, indicative of barrier dysfunction. BALF macrophages were significantly elevated at 2.0 mg/kg/d PFOS in both sexes compared with vehicles, whereas BALF cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, KC, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and MCP-1) were suppressed in PFOS-exposed male offspring compared with vehicle controls. Multiplex nucleic acid hybridization assay showed male-specific downregulation of cytokine gene expression in PFOS-exposed mice compared with vehicle mice. Overall, these results demonstrate PFOS exposure exhibits male-specific adverse effects on lung development and inflammation in juvenile offspring, possibly predisposing them to later-in-life respiratory disease. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the sex-differentiated pulmonary toxicity of PFOS.
The Bacterial and Viral Communities Associated with Onion Bacterial Bulb Rot
Authors: Liakos Christopher , Ibanez Verushka , Lebre Pedro H. , Derie Mike L. , van der Waals Jacquie , du Toit Lindsey , Dutta Bhabesh , Kvitko Brian , Cowan Don A. , Coutinho Teresa A. 
Published: June 2024

Microbes occur in complex communities within plants as endophytes and establish a network of interactions that can influence plant health positively or negatively. Positive interactions may be synergistic and confer abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. The aim of this study was to identify bacteria and viruses present in storage onion bulbs that were symptomatic and asymptomatic for bacterial bulb rot from crops grown in Georgia and Washington states, and to assess their potential role in the bulbs based on the functions of bacterial and viral genes detected. DNA was extracted from nine asymptomatic bulbs and nine bulbs displaying symptoms of bacterial bulb rot and subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metagenome-assembled genome analysis. The Illumina platform was used to sequence the hypervariable region (V3-V4) of the 16S rRNA gene. The 16S rRNA amplicon profiling revealed the presence of numerous bacteria, including potential onion pathogens in the genera Pantoea and Burkholderia. Metagenome-assembled genome assembly identified P. agglomerans, B. gladioli, and B. cepacia, known bulb rot pathogens, including genes linked to fitness and those involved in both type II and III secretion systems. Eighty-nine unique viral genomes were identified, of which 67 could be classified taxonomically. The bacterial and viral genomes differed significantly in asymptomatic versus symptomatic bulbs. Viral genomes showed evidence of auxiliary metabolic genes, including genes involved in fitness and pathogenicity to bacterial hosts. The onion bulbs hosted endophytic bacteria and viruses, some of which were potentially beneficial and others potentially pathogenic to onion or as hosts to bacteriophages. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
The Prevalence of Hip Dysplasia on Radiographs for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Fowler Hayley , Prior Anjali , Gregoski Mathew J. , Van Nortwick Sara S. , Jones Richard , Ashy Cody , Dow Matthew A. , Galasso Annemarie C. , Mooney James F. , Murphy Robert F. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
During radiographic assessment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), upright images frequently capture the hip. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of radiographic hip dysplasia on postero-anterior (PA) scoliosis radiographs, as defined as a lateral center edge angle (LCEA) ≤25 degrees.

Methods:
All patients with upright PA scoliosis radiographs over a one-year study period at a single tertiary academic medical center (2020 to 2021) were included in the study. Radiographs containing the hip joints were annotated by 3 reviewers for left and right LCEA, and triradiate cartilage (TRC) status. Inter-rater reliability was determined among the 3 reviewers.

Results:
Two hundred fifty patients {500 hips, 75.6% female, median age 14 [interquartile range (IQR)=3]} had PA scoliosis radiographs that captured the hip, which qualified for analysis. Seventy-four hips (14.8%) demonstrated evidence of dysplasia (LCEA ≤25 deg) in 55/250 patients (22%). The median LCEA was significantly lower in the dysplastic hip cohort (23.9 deg, IQR=4.8 deg), compared with those without dysplasia (33 deg IQR=7.3 deg; P=0.001). A higher percentage of dysplastic hip patients were female than male (72.7% vs. 27.3%). Patients with bilateral dysplasia had a similar LCEA ( 22.9 deg) [to those with unilateral dysplasia (22.9 deg left, 23.9 deg right, P=0.689)].

Conclusions:
In a cohort of 250 AIS patients, 22% demonstrated evidence of hip dysplasia, as defined as an LCEA ≤2 degrees. The dysplastic patients were more likely to be female. Screening for hip symptomatology in AIS patients may be of benefit, considering the frequency of radiographic hip dysplasia in this population.

Level of Evidence:
III. Type of Evidence: diagnostic.
Financial burden in a US cohort of patients with HCC
Authors: Desai Ruchi , Jiang Yue , VanWagner Lisa B. , Singal Amit G. , Lieber Sarah R. 
Published: June 2024

Background:High financial burden for patients has been reported for multiple types of cancer, but there are limited data in those with HCC. We aimed to describe the financial burden for patients diagnosed with HCC and identify correlates of high financial burden.Methods:We used the IQVIA PharMetrics Plus for Academics database to identify commercially insured patients diagnosed with HCC between 2006 and 2021. Patient financial liability was defined as the difference between allowed and paid amounts from adjudicated insurance claims. We reported total and HCC-related financial liabilities (i.e., cost for HCC-related claims), with high total financial liability defined as ≥$3000 annually and high HCC–related financial liability as ≥$1000 annually. We used multivariable logistic regression modeling to identify factors associated with high total and HCC-related financial liability.Results:Among 11,609 patients with HCC, the median total financial liability during the year after HCC diagnosis was $2955 (Q1–Q3: $972–$6293). Nearly half (45%) of patients experienced high total financial liability, with the greatest liability incurred in the 3-month period immediately following HCC diagnosis. Older age, increased comorbidity, and cirrhosis-related complications were associated with higher total patient liability. Patient liability also varied by type of HCC treatment, with systemic therapy and liver transplantation having the highest financial liability in multivariable analysis. However, only 66.7% of the patients experienced HCC-related liability.Conclusions:Patients with HCC experience significant financial liability underscoring a need for price transparency as well as financial counseling in this population.
Corneal Backscatter, Pachymetric Indices, and Ectasia Indices for the Assessment of Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Patel Sanjay V. , Hodge David O. , Baratz Keith H. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To determine whether corneal backscatter, pachymetric indices, and ectasia indices derived from Scheimpflug tomography can identify Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) corneas with abnormal tomography, the relationships between these parameters and tomographic edema in FECD, and if these parameters help predict improvement in central corneal thickness (CCT) after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods:
Tomography maps of 132 eyes of 80 subjects with FECD were analyzed to determine how backscatter, pachymetric, and ectasia parameters compared with the instrument's normative database and if any predicted tomographic edema. Tomography maps from a separate group undergoing DMEK were split into derivation (48 eyes of 39 subjects) and validation (45 eyes of 41 subjects) subgroups to derive a predictive model of improvement in CCT after DMEK. Backscatter, pachymetric, and ectasia parameters were incorporated to determine if the model could be enhanced.

Results:
Among all ectasia, pachymetric, and backscatter parameters, at best only 65% of FECD corneas with definite tomographic edema could be identified based on the instrument's normative database. Among all parameters individually, the highest sensitivity for detecting tomographic edema was 77%. Anterior and mid-corneal backscatter featured in a model predicting improvement in CCT after DMEK with high performance in derivation (R2 = 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.87) and validation (R2 = 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.83) subgroups.

Conclusions:
The Scheimpflug camera software program could not reliably detect abnormal tomography in FECD from corneal backscatter, pachymetric indices, or ectasia indices. Corneal backscatter contributes to, but does not enhance, a predictive model of improvement in CCT after DMEK.
High-Resolution Ocular Surface Imaging: Real-Time Visualization of Tear Film Dysfunction
Authors: Coroneo Minas T. , Kokkinakis Jim , Lee Brendon W.H. , Chen Helen , Tat Lien 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
Recent advancements in infrared sensing technology have made it possible to visualize tear film dynamics in real time, enabling evaluation of tear film quality during blinking. A retrospective clinical evaluation was conducted to explore this by grading videos of the tear film and comparing grading data with dry eye diagnostic results using the OCULUS keratograph (K5M).

Methods:
Videos were used to grade patients’ tear film perturbations as compared with healthy control subjects. The grading was then correlated with the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores, tear film breakup time (TFBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), corneal staining, redness, and meibography data.

Results:
Infrared imaging of the ocular surface revealed instantaneous and recurring dynamic characteristics of the tear film, allowing for the differentiation between normal and abnormal tear films. Abnormal features included a complete absence of a spreading tear film, hindered spreading of the tear film after blinking, areas of tear film instability, or a combination of the latter 2. Some of these features show a resemblance to the tear film appearance after fluorescein staining. The grading of these features correlated with TFBUT and, to a lesser extent, with TMH but did not show significant correlation with any other diagnostic data from the K5M. Furthermore, the speed of tear film spreading after blinking showed a positive correlation with TMH.

Conclusions:
Direct visualization of the tear film across the entire palpebral aperture using infrared sensing offers a noninvasive, reproducible, and rapid method for assessing the health and quality of the tear film.
Scholarly analytics for nurse practitioners
Authors: Hicks Rodney W. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Nurse practitioners who publish contribute to the profession's body of knowledge. Today's digitally inclined environment easily allows for the tracking of contributing to knowledge and impact. Four popular measures for tracking include Altmetric, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Authors should understand each tracking source's purpose, process, and value. The strengths and limitations of the tracking sources are reviewed. Awareness of the tracking sources and knowing how to influence the tools will bring additional attention to the authors.