bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL‐2‐inducible T‐cell kinase (ITK) finds another (dance) partner…TFII‐I
Authors: August Avery 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe signals that regulate T‐cell activation have been studied for some time. We know that upon interaction with antigen/MHC complex, the TCR triggers the activation of a number of kinases, including tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases. The Tec family kinase IL‐2– inducible T‐cell kinase (ITK) plays a role in this response, but the signaling pathways that ITK regulates are less well known. Even less known are the binding partners and substrates of ITK. A paper in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology extends our knowledge on the subject by showing that ITK interacts with the transcriptional regulator TFII‐I. The implications of this finding are discussed.
Fusion of Coordination‐ and Polyoxometalate Chemistry – Chelated Cobalt(III) Centers as Structural Components of Polyoxomolybdates – [{Co(en)}4Mo10O38]4– and Macrocyclic [{CoII(H2O)2}­{Co(en)}8{Mo20O76}]6–
Authors: Belai Nebebech , Kapoor Pramesh N. , Dickman Michael H. , Butcher Raymond J. , Pope Michael T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOn the basis of the argument that a monochelated octahedral transition‐metal unit is topologically analogous to the Type II (cis‐dioxo) metal center frequently observed in the structures of many polyoxometalates, we report the synthesis and structural characterization of salts of two polyoxomolybdate anions demonstrating this principle, [{Co(en)}4Mo10O38]4– (1) and [{CoII(H2O)2}{Co(en)}8{Mo20O76}]6– (2). Anion 1 has a structure of nominal Cs symmetry and consists of two blocks of seven edge‐shared metal‐centered octahedra linked by two corner‐shared junctions (Co–O–Mo). The four octahedra which contain {Co(en)}3+ instead of {MoO2}2+ are distributed unequally between the two blocks, three in one and the fourth in the other. The structure of 2 can be described as a chiral macrocyclic assembly (C4 symmetry) of four identical blocks of seven octahedra as observed in the structure of 1, but now containing two {Co(en)}3+ per block. As in 1 the blocks are linked by corner‐shared Co–O–Mo linkages. A trans‐diaquacobalt(II) cation occupies the center of the anion. The opportunities provided by the introduction of chelated metal centers, especially those with unsymmetrical diamines, into new polyoxometalates include the generation of resolvable and optically stable structures that have so far eluded polyoxometalate chemists.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Syntheses of Triostin A Antibiotic and Nucleobase‐Functionalized Analogs as New DNA Binders
Authors: Kumar Ray Anmol , Diederichsen Ulf 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA total synthesis of the natural product triostin A, wherein the N‐methylated depsipeptide scaffold is constructed by solution‐phase peptide chemistry followed by disulfide formation and macrocyclization, is described. Finally, the quinoxalines were attached to provide the DNA bisintercalator. Analogs of triostin A were obtained by the successive functionalization of the cyclic depsipeptide with pyrimidine or purine recognition units. The attachment of functional units was achieved by the orthogonal protection of the respective side chain amino functionalities. The nucleobase‐functionalized triostin analogs have the potential to recognize double‐stranded DNA by hydrogen bonding. The interaction with DNA was investigated by UV spectroscopy and fluorescence intercalator displacement. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Tetrazoles and para‐Substituted Phenylazo‐Coupled Calix[4]arenes as Highly Sensitive Chromogenic Sensors for Ca2+
Authors: Chen Yu‐Jen , Chung Wen‐Sheng 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCalix[4]arenes 3a (R = OMe) and 3b (R = NO2) with 5,17‐bis[4‐(4‐substituted‐phenyl)azo] and 25,27‐bisoxymethyltetrazole groups were synthesized by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of oxyacetonitrile azocalix[4]arenes 2a and 2b activated with trimethylsilyl azide. UV/Vis screening of 3a and 3b with 14 metal ions showed that 3a (with p‐methoxyphenylazo substituent) was a highly chromogenic sensor to Ca2+, whereas 3b (with p‐nitrophenylazo substituent) showed color changes toward Ca2+, Ba2+, and Pb2+. Job plot experiments revealed 1:1 binding stoichiometry for each of the complexes. The association constants for 3a·Ca2+, 3b·Ca2+, 3b·Ba2+, and 3b·Pb2+ were determined by Benesi–Hildebrand plots. On the basis of 1H NMR titration results, Ca2+ was bound to the two partially deprotonated hydroxy azophenol groups and one of the two tetrazole groups of 3a and 3b.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Review of the Finnish BioRefine—New biomass products program
Authors: Mäkinen Tuula , Leppälahti Jukka 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe BioRefine–New Biomass Products Programme of Tekes, Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, for 2007–2012 aims to generate new and unique expertise in the processing of biomass and apply it to the creation of processes, products and services related to biorefineries. A further objective is to promote the development and use of second‐generation production technologies in biofuels for transport. The BioRefine Programme harnesses an extensive network of Finnish research institutes, universities and enterprises. In Finland, the existing know‐how of Finnish forest and energy companies forms the basis for creating new businesses and new products from biomass. Forest industry is expected to be one of the most viable platforms for biorefining in the first stage. Small distributed biorefineries may become important in the next stage. The planned program budget totals EUR 137 million. At mid‐term, the volume of the projects is about EUR 90 million and it is estimated that the total volume of the projects will reach about EUR 200 million. In the program, e.g., technologies for producing biofuels for transport via the synthesis‐gas route and new liquid biofuel concepts based on integrating a fluidized‐bed boiler and fast pyrolysis, are developed and demonstrated. In addition to the production, the use of biofuels is also demonstrated. Greenhouse gas and other environmental impacts are assessed. Activities of the program and the main results achieved in 2007–2009 are presented in the paper. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Effect of incidence angle with wake passing on a film cooled leading edge: A numerical study
Authors: Montomoli F. , Massini M. , Adami P. , Martelli F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis work presents the numerical study of a film‐cooled blade under the influence of wake passing at different incidence angles. The film cooling technology has been proven to be effective to increase the blade life of first turbine stages. However, the leading edge is affected by an high heat transfer rate and cooling this region is difficult. Moreover, separated regions downstream the coolant injection increases the local heat transfer coefficient and can have a detrimental effect in terms of airfoil life.This work analyses how the flow field is affected by the wake passing at different incidence angles (−5, 0, 5) and the impact on heat transfer coefficient. The test case is a linear cascade with two rows of cylindrical holes at the leading edge. Two different holes arrangements are compared in terms of film cooling structures, namely AGTB‐B1 and AGTB‐B2 with 0 and 45∘ spanwise inclination. The numerical results show a good agreement with the experiments.A deeper investigation is carried out on AGTB‐B1. The results obtained show that the wake passing and the incidence angle have a strong effect on coolant jets. In particular, there is a significative impact on coolant redistribution near the leading edge. The wake passing has a stronger effect on pressure side, mainly at negative incidence.The predictive approach is based on an U‐RANS in‐house CFD solver using a conventional two‐equations closure. In order to avoid extra turbulence production, critical in the leading edge region, the turbulence model incorporates an extra algebraic equation that enforces a realizability constraint. The unsteady formulation is based on a dual time stepping approach with a sliding plane between the moving bars and the cascade. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
End of life care for community dwelling older people with dementia: an integrated review
Authors: Goodman Claire , Evans Catherine , Wilcock Jane , Froggatt Katherine , Drennan Vari , Sampson Elizabeth , Blanchard Martin , Bissett Maggie , Iliffe Steve 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo review the evidence for end‐of‐life care for community dwelling older people with dementia (including those resident in care homes).DesignAn integrated review synthesised the qualitative and quantitative evidence on end‐of‐life care for community dwelling older people with dementia. English language studies that focused on prognostic indicators for end‐of‐life care, assessment, support/relief, respite and educational interventions for community dwelling older people with dementia were included. A user representative group informed decisions on the breadth of literature used. Each study selected was screened independently by two reviewers using a standardised check list.ResultsSixty eight papers were included. Only 17% (12) exclusively concerned living and dying with dementia at home. Six studies included direct evidence from people with dementia. The studies grouped into four broad categories: Dementia care towards the end of life, palliative symptom management for people with dementia, predicting the approach of death for people with dementia and decision‐making. The majority of studies were descriptive. The few studies that developed dementia specific tools to guide end of life care and outcome measures specific to improve comfort and communication, demonstrated what could be achieved, and how much more needs to be done.ConclusionsResearch on end‐of‐life care for people with dementia has yet to develop interventions that address the particular challenges that dying with dementia poses. There is a need for investigation of interventions and outcome measures for providing end‐of‐life care in the settings where the majority of this population live and die. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water losses in the inner delta of the River Niger: water balance and flooded area
Authors: Mahé G. , Bamba F. , Soumaguel A. , Orange D. , Olivry J. C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe inner delta of the River Niger receives runoff from both the River Niger and the River Bani (249 000 km2) and is divided into a northern part (15 000 km2) and a southern part (58 000 km2). The average input and output discharges are approximately 1490 and 900 m3 s−1 (1955/1996), respectively. The annual average water loss is approximately 40% (24‐48%). The losses are greater in the northern (10·5 km3) than in the southern delta (8·2 km3), but this situation was reversed in 1984. The correlation between the output and input discharges is high for the northern part of the delta, but very low for the southern part, where the change in flooded area is likely to be limited. The average flooded area, calculated using a method based on the hydrological balance, is estimated to be about 10 000 km2 (north) and 14 000 km2 (south), which is consistent with the estimates provided by the previous authors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Colorectal cancer chemoprevention by 2 β‐cyclodextrin inclusion compounds of auraptene and 4′‐geranyloxyferulic acid
Authors: Tanaka Takuji , de Azevedo Mariangela B.M. , Durán Nelson , Alderete Joel B. , Epifano Francesco , Genovese Salvatore , Tanaka Mayu , Tanaka Takahiro , Curini Massimo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe inhibitory effects of novel prodrugs, inclusion complexes of 3‐(4′‐geranyloxy‐3′‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐trans propenoic acid (GOFA) and auraptene (AUR) with β‐cyclodextrin (CD), on colon carcinogenesis were investigated using an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model. Male CD‐1 (ICR) mice initiated with a single intraperitoneal injection of AOM (10 mg/kg body weight) were promoted by the addition of 1.5% (w/v) DSS to their drinking water for 7 days. They were then given a basal diet containing 2 dose levels (100 and 500 ppm) of GOFA/β‐CD or AUR/β‐CD for 15 weeks. At Week 18, the development of colonic adenocarcinoma was significantly inhibited by feeding with GOFA/β‐CD at dose levels of 100 ppm (63% reduction in multiplicity, p < 0.05) and 500 ppm (83% reduction in the multiplicity, p < 0.001), when compared with the AOM/DSS group (multiplicity: 3.36 ± 3.34). In addition, feeding with 100 and 500 ppm (p < 0.01) of AUR/β‐CD suppressed the development of colonic adenocarcinomas. The dietary administration with GOFA/β‐CD and AUR/β‐CD inhibited colonic inflammation and also modulated proliferation, apoptosis and the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines, such as nuclear factor‐kappaB, tumor necrosis factor‐α, Stat3, NF‐E2‐related factor 2, interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β, which were induced in the adenocarcinomas. Our findings indicate that GOFA/β‐CD and AUR/β‐CD, especially GOFA/β‐CD, are therefore able to inhibit colitis‐related colon carcinogenesis by modulating inflammation, proliferation and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mice.
Radiation‐induced leukemia among children aged 0–5 years at the time of the Chernobyl accident
Authors: Noshchenko Andriy G. , Bondar Oleksandra Y. , Drozdova Vira D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis case–control study was conducted to estimate the radiation‐induced risk of acute leukemia during the period from 1987 to 1997 among residents 0–5 years of age at the time of the Chernobyl accident in the most radioactively contaminated territories of the Ukraine (Rivno, Zhytomyr, Chernihiv and Cherkasy regions). Data were collected from 246 leukemia cases diagnosed between 1 January, 1987, and 31 December, 1997. Each case was verified and interviewed. Verified cases were compared to 492 randomly selected controls matched by age, sex, type of settlement (rural, semirural and urban) and administrative region of residency. The cumulative level of radiation exposure from the time of the Chernobyl accident to the date of diagnosis was assessed for each case and corresponding controls. Four dose‐range groups were selected for statistical analysis (0–2.9, 3–9.9, 10–99.9 and 100–313.3 mGy). The risk of leukemia was significantly increased (–2.4 [95%CI: 1.4–4.0]) among those with radiation exposure doses higher than 10 mGy (p = 0.01). The association between radiation exposure and risk was stronger among males (–2.8 [95%CI: 1.4–5.5, p = 0.01]), and for cases of acute leukemia that were diagnosed during the period from 1987 to 1992 (–2.5 [95%CI: 1.2–5.1, p = 0.05]), particularly acute myeloid leukemia (–5.8 [95%CI: 1.4–24.6, p = 0.05]). The influence of possible confounders and methods of selecting controls on the leukemia risk assessment was analyzed. The evaluated risk per unit dose is discussed.
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 a promoting enzyme for peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer
Authors: Zieker Derek , Königsrainer Ingmar , Tritschler Isabel , Löffler Markus , Beckert Stefan , Traub Frank , Nieselt Kay , Bühler Sarah , Weller Michael , Gaedcke Jochen , Taichman Russell S. , Northoff Hinnak , Brücher Björn L.D.M. , Königsrainer Alfred 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPeritoneal carcinomatosis is a frequent finding in gastric cancer associated with a poor prognosis. The features that enable gastric tumors to disseminate are poorly understood until now. Previously, we showed elevated mRNA levels of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), an adenosine triphosphate‐generating enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), the corresponding chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and β‐catenin in specimens from gastric cancer patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. In this study, the influence of PGK1 on CXCR4 and β‐catenin was assessed as well as the invasiveness of PGK1 overexpressing cancer cells. In this current study, we found that PGK1 regulates the expression of CXCR4 and β‐catenin at the mRNA and protein levels. On the other hand, CXCR4 regulates the expression of PGK1. Plasmid‐mediated overexpression of PGK1 dramatically increased the invasiveness of gastric cancer cells. Interestingly, inhibition of CXCR4 in cells overexpressing PGK1 produced only a moderate reduction of invasiveness suggesting that, PGK1 itself has a critical role in tumor invasiveness. Immunohistochemistry in specimens from diffuse gastric cancer patients also revealed an overexpression of PGK1 in patients with development of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Therefore, PGK1 may be a crucial enzyme in peritoneal dissemination. Together these findings suggest that the enhanced expression of PGK1 and its signaling targets CXCR4 and β‐catenin in gastric cancer cells promote peritoneal carcinomatosis. Thus, PGK1 may serve as prognostic marker and/or be a potential therapeutic target to prevent dissemination of gastric carcinoma cells into the peritoneum.
The forkhead box M1 transcription factor as a candidate of target for anti‐cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Yokomine Kazunori , Senju Satoru , Nakatsura Tetsuya , Irie Atsushi , Hayashida Yuki , Ikuta Yoshiaki , Harao Michiko , Imai Katsunori , Baba Hideo , Iwase Hirotaka , Nomori Hiroaki , Takahashi Koji , Daigo Yataro , Tsunoda Takuya , Nakamura Yusuke , Sasaki Yutaka , Nishimura Yasuharu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe present study attempted to identify a target antigen for immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) was selected as a candidate antigen based on the data of previous cDNA microarray analysis of clinical samples of cholangiocarcinoma. The level of FOXM1 mRNA was more than 4 times higher in cancer cells in comparison to adjacent normal epithelial cells, in all of 24 samples of cholangiocarcinoma tissues. An immunohistochemical analysis also detected FOXM1 protein in the cancer cells but not in the normal cells. Twenty‐three human FOXM1‐derived peptides predicted to bind to HLA‐A2 were analyzed to determine their ability to induce HLA‐A2‐restricted T cells in HLA‐A2 transgenic mice. FOXM1362‐370 (YLVPIQFPV), FOXM1373‐382 (SLVLQPSVKV), and FOXM1640‐649 (GLMDLSTTPL) peptides primed HLA‐A2‐restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the HLA‐A2 transgenic mice. Human CTL lines reactive to these 3 peptides could also be established from HLA‐A2‐positive healthy donors and cancer patients. Natural processing of the 3 epitopes from FOXM1 protein was confirmed by specific killing of HLA‐A2‐positive FOXM1‐transfectants by peptide‐induced CTLs. FOXM1 is expressed in various types of cancers and it is also functionally involved in oncogenic transformation and the survival of cancer cells. Therefore, FOXM1 may be a suitable target for immunotherapy against various cancers including cholangiocarcinoma.
Changing cancer incidence in Kampala, Uganda, 1991–2006
Authors: Parkin Donald Maxwell , Nambooze Sarah , Wabwire‐Mangen Fred , Wabinga Henry R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIncidence rates of different cancers have been calculated for the population of Kyadondo County (Kampala, Uganda) for a 16‐year period (1991–2006). This period coincides with continuing social and lifestyle changes and the peak and subsequent wane of the epidemic of HIV‐AIDS. There has been an overall increase in the risk of cancer during the period in both sexes, with the incidence rates of cancers of the breast and prostate showing particularly marked increases (4.5% annually). Prostate cancer is now the most common cancer in men. The incidence of cancer of the esophagus, formerly the most common cancer in men and second in frequency in women, has remained relatively constant, whereas the incidence of cancer of the cervix, the most common malignancy in women, continues to increase. Since the early 1990s the incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in men has declined, and while remaining relatively constant in women, it has been diagnosed at progressively later ages. The rates of pediatric KS have declined by about 1/3rd. The incidence of squamous cell cancers of the conjunctiva has also declined since the mid 1990s. Cancer control in Uganda, as elsewhere in sub‐Saharan Africa, involves meeting the challenge of emerging cancers associated with westernization of lifestyles (large bowel, breast and prostate); although the incidence of cancers associated with poverty and infection (liver, cervix, esophagus) shows little decline, the residual burden of the AIDS‐associated cancers remains a major burden.
Trends in colorectal cancer incidence in Norway 1962–2006: an interpretation of the temporal patterns by anatomic subsite
Authors: Larsen Inger Kristin , Bray Freddie 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThere have been rapid increases in the incidence of colorectal cancer in Norway since the 1960s, and rates rank among the highest worldwide. The primary objectives are to describe trends in left‐ and right‐sided colon cancer and rectal cancer by calendar period and birth cohort and to generate hypotheses as to the etiological factors in operation. Although the age‐adjusted incidence rates of both colon and rectal cancer increased in Norway in both sexes up to the 1980s, subsite‐ and age‐specific analyses reveal a deceleration in the rate of increase thereafter, apparent in the rates of both left‐sided colon and rectal cancer. Overall trends in incidence of right‐sided colon cancer continue to increase in both sexes. Rates in both left‐ and right‐sided colon cancers have tended to stabilize or decrease among successive generations born after 1950, however, while incidence rates of rectal cancer appear to be increasing in recent generations. The all‐ages rates are thus in keeping with the commonly reported “left to right shift” of colon cancer, although standardization masks important observations. The cohort patterns provide further evidence that factors earlier in life are important, and while the complex etiology makes interpretation difficult, modifications in diet, obesity and physical activity in Norway are likely among the drivers of the trends in one or more of the colorectal subsites examined. In summary, the recent downturn in the disease at younger ages provides some reason for optimism, although possible increases in rectal cancer among recent birth cohorts are of concern.
Commentary on Berger, Hohl, and Caspar's (2009) Internet‐based treatment for social phobia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Andersson Gerhard , Carlbring Per 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this commentary, we discuss the implications of the findings by Berger, Hohl, and Casper (this issue) together with the emerging database on the effects of Internet treatment for social anxiety disorder (social phobia). Their article is the third independent replication of guided Internet treatment of social anxiety disorder, and in this article, we comment on future research challenges and if Internet treatment now can be regarded as ready for dissemination into regular clinical settings. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–3, 2009.