bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arguing, Bargaining, and Getting Agreement
Authors: Susskind Lawrence 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article discusses three options that the article dubs as arguing, bargaining, and getting agreement. It emphasizes what seem to be usefully prescriptive norms of behaviour for the ‘combatants’ in the public policy arena. The article studies discourse between dialogue and discussion; the former refers to the exploration of options, while the latter refers to making decisions. Hard bargaining, negotiating, and organizational learning are the other concepts discussed in the article.
Policy Network Analysis
Authors: Rhodes R. A. W. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article discusses policy network analysis, which is the most common species of network analysis in political science. It provides a review of related literature on policy network analysis, and then distinguishes between theoretical, prescriptive, and descriptive accounts. Three descriptive uses of the term ‘networks’ are provided as well. The article also studies the debates and challenges that are found in the literature. It looks at the difficulties of synthesizing the findings from the growing case studies and on the critics of the ‘new governance’. The latter portion of the article is devoted to a discussion of the problems in managing the institutional void.
Smart Policy?
Authors: Christensen Tom 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The main topic of this article is ‘smart policy’. This is a term used by reform entrepreneurs supporting the instrumental-technical perspective on New Public Management (NPM) to describe its supposed improvement of effectiveness and efficiency. This article discusses whether ‘smart policy’ is a defendable position or not, and addresses several questions. It also tries to determine if and how NPM-related reforms have contributed to more efficiency and effectiveness in the public sector.
Public‐Private Collaboration
Authors: Donahue John D. , Zeckhauser Richard J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article provides an overview of relevant literatures to the topic of public-private collaboration. A documentation of the extent of private involvement in public undertakings is conducted, using a number of metrics. The article carefully distinguishes collaborative governance from the other categories of public-private interaction, in order to situate it on a spectrum of collective-action models. The article also probes into some of the dynamics of shared discretion in the pursuit of public goals.
Globalization and Public Policy
Authors: Hay Colin 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article discusses globalization and public policy, as well as the significant tension between the two. It shows that no matter how influential the trade-off between globalization and public policy is seen to be, it is deeply problematic. The article seeks to bring to light the notion of globalization, while considering the many ways it can be seen as antithetical to public policy. The article also presents a review of the empirical evidence and the debate that has been generated.
The Logic of Appropriateness
Authors: March James G. , Olsen Johan P. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article focuses on the rules of appropriateness in the context of formally organized political institutions and democratic political orders. It tries to determine how an understanding of the role of rule-driven behaviour in life may clarify thinking about political life. It sketches the basic ideas of rule-based action, and then describes some of the characteristics of contemporary democratic settings. It examines the relationship between action and rules, along with the elements of slippage in executing rules, the dynamics of rules, and the standards of appropriateness. The last section of the article highlights a possible compromise of different logics of action.
Economism and its Limits
Authors: Wolff Jonathan , Haubrich Dirk 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article addresses the difficulties that the phases of economic evaluations give rise to in theory and practice. It provides a brief outline of the meaning of economism — as a term and a concept — and then explores the issues that are related to the measurement and monetary valuation of the items to be included in economic evaluations, otherwise known as the valuation problem. The article also deals with the commensurability problem and the intrinsic value problem. Finally, some of alternatives and recommendations that can help avoid the pitfalls of economism are discussed.
Reflections on How Political Scientists (and Others) Might Think about Energy and Policy
Authors: Holden Matthew 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article specifies three important factors regarding energy and policy. The first is that energy policy will be greatly influenced by Russia, China, and India in the coming years; the last two being the biggest energy consumers in the world. The second is that energy patterns of the poorest countries of the world will become difficult, unless there are notable economic and technological changes. The third and final factor is that global energy policy will be influenced by climatic events. The article looks at how political scientists have looked at energy and considers the experiences from US policy making regarding energy.
Constructivist Institutionalism
Authors: Hay Colin 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article provides a summary of the distinctiveness of constructivist institutionalism and tries to identify the nature of the challenge that it poses. It considers the origins of constructivist institutionalism and the ontological and analytical distinctiveness of constructivist institutionalism's turn to ideas. This includes a discussion of the associated nature of the challenge that it poses on existing neoinstitutionalist perspectives. The article concludes with a section on the contribution to the analysis of complex institutional change made by constructivist institutionalism.
Old Institutionalisms
Authors: Rhodes R. A. W. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article looks at the study of political institutions. It defines and gives examples of four different traditions in the study of political institutions: modernist-empiricist, idealist, formal-legal, and socialist. The main goal of the article is to show there are several long-standing traditions in the study of institutions in the Anglo-American world, and to illustrate that variety worldwide.
Exclusion, Inclusion, and Political Institutions
Authors: Holden Matthew 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article discusses political institutions and exclusion and inclusion. It reveals that institutions are excellent at inclusion but poor at exclusion. It examines the hypothesis of the counter-attack and studies current political science and the double problem of inclusion and exclusion. It shows how different institutions deal with inclusion/exclusion, and examines dominant and subordinate groups. The institution of federalism and the legislative institution are discussed as well. This article ends with a discussion of the premises about the process of inclusion and the problem of exclusion.
American Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations
Authors: Sbragia Alberta M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article provides an analysis of the shape of American federalism. The first section looks at territorial politics, and is followed by a discussion of territorial governments and representation. Territorial interest, public policy, and intergovernmental relations are the topics of the next two sections. The nationalization of policy, money and regulation, and intergovernmental lobbying are discussed in the last sections of the chapter. It concludes with an argument that the conflict between territorial and functional politics actually lies at the heart of the politics of federalism in the United States.
The Regulatory State?
Authors: Braithwaite John 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article presents a sketch of the historical forces that have produced regulatory capitalism as a police economy. It shows that this police economy evolved from different feudal economies, the displacement of police with an unregulable nineteenth-century liberal economy, and the state provider economy that gave way to regulatory capitalism. This article determines that the reciprocal relationship between corporatization and regulation creates a world where there is more governance of all kinds.
Legislative Organization
Authors: Carey John M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article studies legislative organization, and examines the normative goals of democratic legislatures. The next section draws on the current research that reflects on how legislative organization reaches these ideals. It then examines the ways in which it frequently falls short. It suggests that the strength of political parties in organizing legislative agenda is critical to whether and what type of decisiveness problems are confronted. It also discusses checks, which is the last category of expectations regarding legislatures. This article serves as an outline to be used to organize some ideas about comparative legislative organization.
Comparative Legislative Behavior
Authors: Uslaner Eric M. , Zittel Thomas 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article talks about the increase in polarization and heightened partisanship in the United Sates Congress. This is where party leaders firmly control the agenda and where voters in congressional elections are more likely to divide along party lines. It also looks at the constituency demands in parliamentary systems before focusing on the changing role of political parties in legislative institutions, both parliamentary and congressional. One section examines the structural and behavioral roots of legislative behavior, along with the impact of different institutions. The article also includes a discussion of the varying relations between legislators and constituents and the varying informal rules of the game.
Comparative Local Governance
Authors: Stoker Gerry 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article discusses comparative local governance, and shows how the study of comparative local governance has taken on a ‘new’ institutional slant. It examines how the systems of governance are built via a complex interplay between informal and formal institutional forces. It determines that the key area of investigation in comparative local governance is the study of regimes, which are the ways of organizing power in complex societies in order to ensure outcomes similar to particular interests. The article also explores work on urban regimes as an exemplar of a more ‘new’ institutionalist understanding of comparative local governance.
Voters, Candidates, and Parties
Authors: Ansolabehere Stephen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article introduces the modern political economic theory of elections. It discusses the theory's foundations, which were laid down by Anthony Downs in An Economic Theory of Democracy. It shows that the economic theory of democracy has helped transform political science and economics and has introduced a methodology for theorizing about political strategy. This theory has also specified the implications for what government does and how well the democratic government represents the public. Several concepts are discussed, including valence issues, interest groups, candidate preferences, and electoral institutions.
Political Income Redistribution
Authors: Londregan John 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article discusses political income redistribution, beginning with a section on a simple but widely used class of models. These models have a menu of redistributive options that is artificially restricted by limiting taxes and transfers to schemes that make post-tax income a deterministic and non-decreasing function of pre-tax income. The article next discusses models that put emphasis on the potential instability of redistributive politics and models that have built-in sources of stability. The final section focuses on several models of redistributive politics that try to explain the choice of redistributive instruments despite the availability of more efficient alternatives.
Coalition Government
Authors: Diermeier Daniel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article focuses on coalition government, beginning with important empirical work that has motivated an institutionalist shift in the study of government coalitions. It discusses the most widely used institutionalist approaches, along with two alternative approaches. The consequences of the institutionalist perspective for empirical work are then discussed, and this is followed by a section on recent work that relies on structural estimation as its methodology to study coalition government empirically.
The Political Economy of the US Presidency
Authors: Cameron Charles M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article looks at the political economy of the US Presidency. It provides a brief review of how the American political and constitutional order helps shape the presidents' incentive structure and how it defines the available tools of governance. It examines the intellectual roots of the political economy approach, before looking at significant developments. The article also claims that scholars have been able to identify three causal mechanisms at work in presidential governance, namely: proposal power, veto power, and strategic pre-action. A review of works on these three causal mechanisms is included in the article.
The Judiciary and the Role of Law
Authors: McCubbins Mathew D. , Rodriguez Daniel B. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article discusses the judiciary and the role of law. It talks about the implications of the approach for issues in statutory interpretation, and then examines the relationship between the legal and political controls of bureaucracy. The last section in the article focuses on the implications for judicial independence within the larger separation-of-powers system. The emerging literature on Positive Political Theory (PPT) further stresses the political nature of legal decision-making and the dynamic relationship among the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.
Self‐Enforcing Democracy
Authors: Przeworski Adam 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article examines the conditions under which a self-enforcing democracy would last. A summary of the early nineteenth-century views according to which democracy could not last because it was a mortal threat to property is provided in the first section. The article then summarizes two models that are motivated by a possibility regarding the insufficiency of the degree of income redistribution. Finally, interpretations and extensions of self-enforcing democracy are discussed.
The Protection of Liberty, Property, and Equality
Authors: Epstein Richard A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article discusses areas that involve political issues, which contain ‘preferred freedoms’ or ‘suspect classifications’ that attract higher standards of review. The economic and property interests that are subject to some key exceptions are also discussed. The article traces the pattern of judicial review as it applies to political, moral, and social issues, and moves on to the parallel discussions for matters of economic liberty and private property.
Electoral Systems and Economic Policy
Authors: Persson Torsten , Tabellini Guido 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article discusses recent empirical and theoretical research on the electoral rule, which is one feature of modern democracies. It determines that the electoral rule systematically shapes economic policy. An outline of some key objectives of electoral rules is presented in the first section; it further notes the stability and systematic selection that characterize real-world constitutions. It then introduces the main concepts that categorize different electoral rules, and explains how these elements help shape the accountability of government and the size of political rents and corruption. Finally, the article deals with representation in government and a variety of fiscal policy choices.
Politics and Scientific Enquiry
Authors: Buchanan James M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article studies politics and scientific inquiry. It first determines what the state is, and examines the ethical norms for guiding the behaviour of decision-makers. The unitary-mind model is discussed in one section, and this is followed by the theory of ‘democratic’ politics. The object of collective action, normative relevance, and the operational science of politics are some of the topics discussed in this article.
On confronting some common myths of is strategy discourse
Authors: Galliers Robert D. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article has a strategic focus and therefore focuses on two key considerations — one more prevalent in the 1980s, the other a focus of attention in the 1990s and into the twenty-first century — namely, competitive advantage and knowledge management. The third consideration — alignment — has been a major focus, and a source of some contention, and the article incorporates this to treat the subject matter. The article focuses more on the process of strategizing than on the outcome of the process, that is, the strategy itself. It argues that benefit is to be gained from a more inclusive, exploratory approach to the strategy process. This perspective is set against the common view, which is concerned more with exploiting the potential of ICT systems for business gain. Implicit in the arguments is the view that it is to be intellectually bankrupt to accept these myths as ‘self evident truths’.
Information technology sourcing: Fifteen years of learning
Authors: Willcocks Leslie P. , Lacity Mary C. , Cullen Sara 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The information technology outsourcing (ITO) and business process outsourcing (BPO) services markets, together with more recent offshore variants, have been dynamically expanding revenues, capabilities, and associated rhetoric, in equal measure, for over a decade. Outsourcing makes up a substantial and rapidly rising part of expenditure across corporations and government agencies alike. According to one estimate, ITO global revenues exceeded $US200 bn per year at the end of 2005. For many organizations, outsourcing is well above the parapet in sheer expenditure terms. However, much of this increase has been happening incrementally, as a response to immediate market conditions and specific opportunities to cut costs, rather than through long-term strategic thinking. Moreover, despite the accumulated experience, learning has been painfully slow; there has been mixed success, and much conflicting advice.
New media literacies: At the intersection of technical, cultural, and discursive knowledges
Authors: Graham Phil , Goodrum Abby Ann 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
As a field of study, media literacy emerged along with the study of radio propaganda in the 1930s. More recently it became a field of research that has responded to the television saturated consumer cultures of the late-1960s onwards. Unlike literacies of pre-electronic media environments, those that have been studied within electronic environments have been almost solely concerned with analytical ways of reading multimedia texts. In contrast, literacies in the written word have typically involved the production of written texts as integral to curricula. The new media environment provides opportunities and challenges for research in new media literacies, not the least of which is understanding what it means for people to have a widespread potential to write themselves into global, multimediated conversations. This not only involves technical, cultural, discursive, and aesthetic knowledges, it also involves the need to be politically and economically literate in the implications of a dispersed, participatively produced, multimedia environment as distinct from the ‘broadcast’ literacies of past media environments. This article situates new media literacies in an historical framework, emphasizing the close connections among technology, culture, discourse, and related changes in political economic structures.
The interrelations between online and offline: Questions, issues, and implications
Authors: Orgad Shani 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Questions of literacy raise questions of the nature of the relationship between what goes on on-line and what off-line. A wide range of areas where this agenda has been identified has been reviewed, but in each case it still needs further discussion: in e-commerce, in journalism, in civil society, but above all in the fine grain of action in everyday life. It has been argued that it is still the case that thinking is dominated by a kind of ‘two-realm’ approach, which will consistently fail to understand the intensity of their interrelationship. What is required is a political economy which stresses the materiality of power inscribed across both domains, and a broadly ethnographic perspective, where, likewise, there is every intention of exploring the mutual contextualization of life which is simultaneously both on-line and off.
ICTs and political movements
Authors: Downing John D. H. , Brooten Lisa 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Communication technologies, despite their huge corporate, military, and surveillance applications, also afford opportunities within political movements to debate, mobilize, reflect, imagine, fantasize, critique, archive, and inform, and will be pivotal to developing a future for humans rather than for capital. This article focuses on some possibilities offered by three such technologies, radio, the Internet and the mobile phone, to political movements. It provides a variety of illustrations of their uses and applications in social struggles, large and small. First, however, it dwells briefly on some of the issues and concepts in the air at the time of writing, which may help to frame and thus interpret the specifics.
ICTs and communities in the twentyfirst century: Challenges and perspectives
Authors: Jung Joo‐Young , Ball‐Rokeach Sandra J. , Kim Yong‐Chan , Matei Sorin Adam 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article is organized around four of the major challenges that seem necessary to address in the effort to tease out this complex relationship. After introducing the challenges, it examines how past studies have tackled them. It concludes with an assessment of how well these challenges have been addressed and where we should go, in theory and research, to move beyond the present understandings. One of the first challenges is to go beyond utopian and dystopian visions of the new ICTs. New communication technologies that reach a critical mass of adoption generate a litany of hopes and fears — utopian and dystopian visions of how the technology will afford solutions to previously intractable problems, or will create intractable problems. In the case of ICTs in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, the perceived decline in the viability and vitality of communities of place was one of the main problems addressed by ICT visionaries.