bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory activity of 8β-carbobenzyloxyaminomethyl-1, 6-dimethyl-10α-ergoline towards stimulant effects by 5-hydroxytryptamine and amphetamine on liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, in vitro
Authors: Beretta C , Locatelli A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The powerful and long lasting anti-5-hydroxytryptamine effects of 8β-carbo-benzyloxyaminomethyl-1–6-dimethyl-10α-ergoline (mce) have been tested on the spontaneous rhythmical activity of Fasciola hepatica, in vitro. The stimulant effects of both 5-ht and amphetamine on this preparation were totally blocked for at least 2 hr by 0·01 μg/ml of mce. One mole of mce counteracts the effects of about 2 × 101 mole of 5-ht or amphetamine. A few other drugs exert inhibitory activity on this preparation but at far higher doses. A comparison between the data obtained for mce and for bromolysergic acid diethylamide (bol) reveals that mce is a more potent inhibitory drug than bol and that, moreover, it is characterized by total lack of depressant or paralysant effects.
Distribution of prostaglandins E1, E2, F1α and F2α, in some animal tissues
Authors: Karim S M M , Hillier K , Devlin Jean 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A survey of the distribution of prostaglandins E1, E2, F1α and F2α in fourteen tissues from the dog, cat, rat, rabbit, guinea-pig and chicken has been made. One or more of these prostaglandins are present in varying amounts in most tissues with PGE2 PGF2α occurring most commonly.
The effect of emulsifier concentration on the rheological properties of acacia emulsions
Authors: Shotton E , Davis S S 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effect of potassium arabate concentration on the rheological properties of liquid paraffin emulsions has been examined over a range of emulsifier concentrations and volume fractions. The emulsions were of small particle size. Aggregation of the emulsions occurred when the volume fraction (ø) was in the region of 0·33–0·43, the exact value of ø depending on the emulsifier concentration. The aggregated emulsions demonstrated irreversible shear thinning and hysteresis loops were obtained. The aggregation only occurred during the emulsification process and was due to a macro-molecular bridging mechanism. The emulsifier concentration influenced aggregation and thereby influenced the rheological properties of the emulsions by two opposing mechanisms. It decreased the volume fraction at which aggregation first occurred (øagg), through its influence on particle size, but increased øagg through its effect on the degree of contraction of the acacia molecule.
The solubility of sulphadiazine in water-dimethylformamide mixtures
Authors: Elworthy P H , Worthington H E C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Precise measurements of the solubility of sulphadiazine in water, dimethylformamide (DMF), and a range of mixtures of these solvents have been made at 20°, 30°, and 40°. The solubility of sulphadiazine in the mixtures increases with their DMF content. The partial molar heats and entropies of solution decrease with increasing DMF concentration.
A note on the evaluation of results from creep tests using a computer
Authors: Davis S S , Warburton B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The accuracy of line spectrum creep analysis depends ultimately on the accuracy with which the steady state compliance of the system with the longest retardation time can be derived. The presented treatment shows how the maximum theoretical value of the creep compliance may be calculated and describes an iterative method for obtaining the correct value using the least sum of squares.
Quantitative method for determining aminofurantoin
Authors: Umar M T , Mitchard M , Gorrod J W 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A quantitative colorimetric procedure for the estimation of aminofurantoin is described. The red colour of the Schiff base produced by the reaction of dimethylaminobenzaldehyde with aminofurantoin, is stable after a period of 40 min for a further 20 min and can be measured at 582 mμ. Maximal colour is developed at room temperature (20°) under acid conditions (pH 2·0). This technique was found suitable for the determination of aminofurantoin in tissue homogenates. The formation of aminofurantoin as a probable metabolite of nitrofurantoin was investigated but its production was not confirmed.
Metabolic effects induced by the interaction of reserpine with desipramine
Authors: Jori A , Annoni F , Bianchetti A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The administration of desipramine to reserpinized rats induces an increase of body temperature without any change in blood glucose and liver or muscle glycogen. Instead there is an increase in the utilization of blood glucose after a glucose load and an increase of blood lactic acid. Plasma and brown adipose tissue free fatty acids are also increased. These findings are discussed in relation to the event linking the central stimulation induced by desipramine with the peripheral metabolic changes associated with the increase of body temperature.
Observations on the efficacy of oral hyoscine N-butyl bromide
Authors: Pennefather Jocelyn N , McCulloch Marian W , Rand M J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Hyoscine N-butyl bromide (Buscopan) antagonized the spasmogenic action of acetylcholine on guinea-pig isolated ileum, having a pA2 of 7·8. The drug also had intestinal antispasmodic activity in the anaesthetized cat after either parenteral or enteral administration. With the enterally administered drug larger doses were required, but the effects were longer lasting. Enterally administered in conscious dogs the drug sometimes produced a small increase in heart rate.
Mutual suppression of cardiovascular effects of some β-adrenoreceptor agonists in the cat
Authors: Atkinson Judith M , Rand M J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Observations were made of the effects of adrenaline, isoprenaline and orciprenaline on the blood pressure, heart rate and configuration of the ECG in cats. The effects of single injections of these amines in producing a rise in heart rate and a fall in blood pressure were reduced during the intravenous infusion of any one of them: the pressor response to injected adrenaline was enhanced during an infusion. Combinations of these amines did not produce changes in the configuration of the ECG. These experiments were motivated by allegations of acute toxic effects on the cardiovascular system of large doses, or of combinations, of sympathomimetic bronchodilators in asthma. No evidence of deleterious effects of interactions was obtained.
The optical rotatory dispersion of some N-decyl-N-N-dimethylalanine salts and their critical micelle concentrations
Authors: Bonkoski S , Perrin J H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The optically active salts of N-decyl-NN-dimethylalanine are shown to have anomalous optical rotatory dispersion curves and to not be fully ionized in aqueous solution. The position of the peak in the 225 to 230 mμ region varies with concentration of the surfactant as does the molecular rotation at a given wavelength. The positions of the peaks and the molecular rotations at these low wavelengths are pH sensitive. The change in molecular rotation with concentration enables the critical micelle concentrations of L and D N-decyl-NN-dimethylalanine hydrobromides to be determined by optical rotatory dispersion measurements, the results agreeing well with the values calculated from the literature. The change in rotation on micelle formation appears to be due to a change in the degree of ionization of these weak acids, a fact which is confirmed by pH measurements on these solutions.
The polymorphism of phenobarbitone
Authors: Mesley R J , Clements R L , Flaherty B , Goodhead K 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The polymorphism of phenobarbitone has been investigated using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Eight crystalline modifications have been isolated and shown to have distinguishable infrared absorption spectra and X-ray powder diffraction patterns. Other forms were found to be present in mixed crystals and molecular compounds obtained from mixtures of phenobarbitone with other barbiturates. Differential thermograms of three forms of thialbarbitone are also given.
The depletion and recovery of noradrenaline in the brain and some sympathetically innervated mammalian tissues after tetrabenazine
Authors: Häggendal Jan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The depleting effect of tetrabenazine on the monoamine levels appears generally to be less in peripheral tissues than in the central nervous system. The noradrenaline levels in brain and some sympathetically innervated tissues such as heart, submandibular glands, and skeletal muscle were examined in the rat after administration of the drug. The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and noradrenaline were also estimated in the rabbit brain after tetrabenazine and compared with the levels in the rabbit heart. In both the brain and peripheral tissues the monoamine levels were strongly reduced 4 hr after tetrabenazine and increased thereafter, reaching normal levels after about 36 to 48 hr. The site of action of tetrabenazine is briefly discussed and compared to the site of action of reserpine.
Relaxation of the guinea-pig tracheal chain preparation by N6, 2‘-O-dibutyryl 3’,5‘-cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Authors: Moore P F , Iorio L C , McManus J M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
N 6,2′-O-Dibutyryl 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dibutyryl 3′,5′-amp), isoprenaline and theophylline relax the guinea-pig tracheal chain preparation; whereas 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (3′,5′-amp) does not. The relaxant effect of isoprenaline, but not that of dibutyryl 3′,5′-amp, was blocked by propranolol. 3′,5′-amp is hydrolyzed rapidly by beef heart phosphodiesterase whereas dibutyryl 3′,5′-amp is not. The presence of equimolar concentrations of dibutyryl 3′,5′-amp does not alter the rate of phosphodiesterase mediated hydrolysis of 3′,5′-amp. These data are consistent with the theories that relaxation of the guinea-pig trachea may be mediated by 3′,5′-amp and that dibutyryl 3′,5′-amp acts by mimicking 3′,5′-amp at its site of action.
Blocking action of tetrahydrocannabinol upon transmission in the trigeminal system of the cat
Authors: Lapa A J , Sampaio C A M , Timo-Iaria C , Valle J R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The influence of tetrahydrocannabinol upon polysynaptic reflexes involving the trigeminal system was investigated in cats by recording potentials from either the superior sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve or the nerve itself where it enters the pons. Stimulation of the lower eye-lid just sufficient to evoke a mild contraction of the orbicularis muscle was employed. Amplitude of the postsynaptic potentials began to decrease 5 to 10 min after injection of 0·8 or 1·0 mg/kg in most experiments. The presynaptic potential also underwent a striking depression whereas the tibialis nerve potentials, used as control, were practically unaffected. It seems that impairment of the impulse conduction along the presynaptic fibres instead of a central synaptic blockade was the dominant effect of thc. However, a blockade of synaptic transmission is likely to occur in other centres accounting for other neural effects of thc.
A note on the effects of some cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs on the aggressive behaviour and spontaneous electrical activity of the central nervous system in the ant, Formica rufa
Authors: Kostowski Wojciech 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The influence of various cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs on the aggressive behaviour and electroencephalogram was investigated in the ant, Formica rufa. Both atropine and scopolamine decreased aggressiveness and electrical activity of the brain whilst tubocurarine caused an opposite effect. The possible role of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in the central nervous system of the ant is discussed.
The use of the Coulter Counter for the particle size analysis of some emulsion systems
Authors: Shotton E , Davis S S 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The Coulter Counter is suitable for the particle size analysis of emulsions containing insoluble oils. All the emulsions obey the log normal distribution of particle size if allowance is made for particles below the lower limits of the apparatus. The variation of particle size with emulsifier concentration and volume fraction has been studied for liquid paraffin emulsions stabilized by potassium laurate and potassium arabate.
The use of supports in the lyophilization of oil-in-water emulsions
Authors: Lladser M , Medrano C , Arancibia A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The results of drying oil-in-water emulsions by lyophilization have shown this process could be applied to emulsions having dissolved in the aqueous phase a solid material which acts as support for the oily phase after the water has been removed. The rate of creaming and the globule size distribution were also investigated. The tests were made before and immediately after lyophilization, and after 20 and 40 days of storage at room temperature (18–20°) at 0° ±1° and at 40° ±1°. The emulsions were coarser and creaming rate was increased after lyophilization.
Pharmacological studies of a new antitussive, 4-phenyl-l-piperidinecarboxamide (AH 1932)
Authors: Brittain R T , Lees Effie J , Spencer P S J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
4-Phenyl-1-piperidinecarboxamide (AH 1932) markedly inhibits coughing induced in laboratory animals by chemical or mechanical irritation of the respiratory tract or by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve. The compound is effective administered orally or parenterally and is at least as active as codeine. In contrast to codeine the antitussive activity of AH 1932 persists for 6 hr after oral administration. The evidence suggests a central site of action for AH 1932. The drug has a low acute toxicity in mice and rats, is devoid of analgesic activity, has no effect on the respiratory system and does not affect gastrointestinal propulsion. Cardiovascular effects are minimal. AH 1932 possesses weak spinal interneuron blocking activity unlikely to limit its use as a cough suppressant.
Histochemical studies on the depletion of noradrenaline by adrenaline in adrenergic nerves of the rat iris
Authors: Haining C G , Heydon Julia L , Murray L R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The intensity of fluorescence produced in adrenergic nerves by exposure to formaldehyde under controlled conditions and levels of tissue catecholamines were determined in rat irides. Incubation of irides in Krebs solution containing (-)-adrenaline (0·1–10 μg/ml) led to a temperature-dependent reduction of fluorescence intensity, a reduction in tissue noradrenaline and a gain in tissue adrenaline. The changes in fluorescence were reversed by subsequent incubation of the tissue in the presence of (-)-noradrenaline (0·1–1 μg/ml). A reduction of fluorescence intensity and tissue noradrenaline in the rat iris, followed by recovery over 16 h, was also produced by exposing the cornea to a 1 or 5% solution of (-)-adrenaline. The application of these results to studies on noradrenaline uptake in adrenergic nerves is discussed.
Gas chromatographic analysis of acetylsalicylic acid, phenacetin, caffeine, and codeine in APC and codeine tablets
Authors: Dechene Earl B , Booth L H , Caughey M J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
All active ingredients in APC and codeine tablets are determined by gas chromatographic procedures after separation of acetylsalicylic and phenacetin from caffeine and codeine.
Preservation of fluorescein solutions against contamination with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Richards R M E , Suwanprakorn P , Neawbanij S , Surasdikul N 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A combination of phenylmercuric nitrate and phenylethyl alcohol was more effective in preserving fluorescein solutions against contamination with P. aeruginosa than phenylmercuric nitrate alone. P. aeruginosa cells, grown in the presence of phenylethyl alcohol and then washed were rendered sensitive to chemical inactivation.
A perfused tail artery preparation from the rat
Authors: NICHOLAS T E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The isolated perfused tail artery of the rat responds by constriction to 1·0 ng (-)-noradrenaline, and would be suitable for the assay of sympathomimetic amines. Electrical stimulation of this preparation is shown to activate solely postganglionic adrenergic nerve terminals. Tachyphyllaxis to angiotensin, vasopressin and bradykinin preclude the use of this preparation for their assay.
The influence of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline hydrochloride on the retention of dopamine in the isolated perfused spleen of the cat
Authors: Street Denise M , Roberts D J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Much of the dopamine accumulated in the cat spleen after the intravenous infusion of this amine into the anaesthetized animal appears in the venous effluent when the spleen is subsequently isolated and perfused with a dopamine-free medium. Pre-treatment of the animals with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline hydrochloride has no effect on the rate of decline of the spleen content of dopamine resulting from perfusion, but appears to significantly reduce the amount of dopamine that can be removed from the spleen in this way. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to a “false” neurochemical transmitter hypothesis for the antihypertensive effects of pargyline.
Effects of convulsant barbiturates on vascular smooth muscle
Authors: Hupka A L , Williams The Late J K , Karler R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The convulsant barbiturate, 5-(2-cyclohexylidene-ethyl)-5-ethyl barbituric acid (cheb), produces contraction in rabbit aortic strips. Contractions effected by either cheb or tyramine were preceded by a lag time and both agents induced tachyphylaxis; however, cross-tachyphylaxis could not be demonstrated. Phenoxybenzamine and atropine failed to affect cheb-induced responses, whereas pentobarbitone selectively blocked and also reversed cheb contractions. Prevention, but not reversal, of tachyphylaxis was also accomplished with pentobarbitone. These results suggest that cheb does not act through the release of noradrenaline or acetylcholine; nor does it exert an effect on the receptors for these amines or on those for histamine. Pentobarbitone, however, appears to compete with cheb for common receptors. Another convulsant barbiturate, 5-ethyl-5-(dimethylbutyl)barbituric acid (dmbb), and its optical isomers were also examined. The racemic mixture had no contractile activity, but the (+)-isomer elicited cheb-like effects. The (-)-isomer, on the other hand, was like pentobarbitone in that it antagonized both cheb- and (+)-dmbb-induced contractions. These studies illustrate that convulsant barbiturates are able to stimulate vascular smooth muscle; therefore, it is suggested that the rabbit aortic strip may serve as an in vitro working model for study of the mechanism of action of these drugs in the central nervous system.
On the role of a central adrenergic mechanism in morphine analgesic action
Authors: Vedernikov Yu P , Afrikanov I I 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The influence of drugs interfering with brain monoamine metabolism on morphine analgesia of rats was estimated by the tail pressure method. Central adrenergic stimulation produced by apomorphine, cocaine, pyrogallol or amphetamine led to stereotyped behaviour and elevation of the pain threshold. Lower doses of these drugs potentiated morphine analgesic action. Reserpine, iproniazid and disulfiram weakened morphine analgesic action. α-Methyldopa increased morphine action and (±)-tryptophan did not influence it significantly.
Solubilization and rheology of the system ascorbic acid-water-polysorbate 80: temperature effects
Authors: Nixon J R , Chawla B P S 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Changes induced by temperature in the relative position and extent of the isotropic and liquid crystal phases present in the ascorbic acid-water-polysorbate 80 system have been recorded. Increases in temperature reduce the size of the liquid crystal phase. This phase is pseudoplastic, but a small central region also shows thixotropic hysteresis loops. On recycling, most systems show Newtonian behaviour. In the isotropic regions, an increase in temperature results in a fall in log of viscosity proportionate to 1/Tabs, but in the liquid crystal region an increase in temperature may cause a similar fall or, because of a change in the relative position of the system within the liquid crystal region, an increase.
A comparison of the effects on blood glucose and ketone-body levels, and of the toxicities, of pent-4-enoic acid and four simple fatty acids
Authors: Senior A E , Sherratt H S A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Some effects of the hypoglycaemic compound pent-4-enoic acid in rats and mice, are described. Pent-2-enoic acid, pentanoic acid, cyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyclobutanecarboxylic acid, which were shown to be non-hypoglycaemic, were used as controls. Pent-4-enoic acid and cyclopropanecarboxylic acid caused ketosis in rats, with a lowering of the blood β-hydroxybutyrate/acetocetate (βHB/AcAc) ratio; some ketosis was caused by the other fatty acids but the βHB/AcAc ratio was not changed. Pent-4-enoic acid caused an increase in free fatty acid concentration in rat plasma. The acute toxicities of these compounds in mice were determined. The mechanism of the hypoglycaemic action of pent-4-enoic acid is discussed in relation to that of hypoglycin.
The preferred conformation of noradrenaline and a consideration of the α-adrenergic receptor
Authors: Kier Lemont B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The preferred conformation of noradrenaline has been calculated using extended Hückel molecular orbital theory. The conformation was found to be identical to the previously calculated conformation of (—)-ephedrine in respect to the relation of the quaternary and hydroxyl groups and the phenyl ring. These findings reinforce the previous hypothesis of the nature of the α-adrenergic receptor and also support the view that these molecules function at the receptor in their preferred conformations.
The effects of osmotic pressure on procaine-induced vacuolation in cell culture
Authors: Finnin B C , Reed B L , Ruffin N E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effect of increased tonicity on procaine-induced vacuolation in the H.Ep.2 cell has been investigated. An increase in tonicity equivalent to about 1·3% NaCl was found to reduce the formation of the drug-induced vacuoles and also to reduce established vacuolation. There appeared to be no difference in the effectiveness of the osmotic adjusting substances used (sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, glucose, fructose and sucrose) when employed in osmotically equivalent amounts.
The corticotrophic activity of tetracosactide in the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion test
Authors: De Jager E , Van Der Vies J , Staehelin M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Using the subcutaneous adrenal ascorbic acid depletion test in hypophysectomized rats it was found that tetracosactide (synthetic 1–24 corticotrophin) could not be assayed against the International Working Standard (IWS) for natural corticotrophin because of a difference in the slopes of the dose-response curves of the preparations. Valid potency estimates were obtained when tetracosactide was assayed against a standard preparation closely similar to the 2nd International Standard for natural corticotrophin. By comparing this standard with the IWS, the best estimate of the potency of tetracosactide in terms of the IWS was 99 (92–106) units/mg. Five different batches of tetracosactide have yielded identical biological potencies. Since tetracosactide can be adequately standardized by physical and chemical-analytical criteria, labelling and dosage on a mg base instead of in units is recommended.