bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of low‐fat versus whole‐fat dairy product intake on blood pressure and weight in young normotensive adults
Authors: Alonso A. , Zozaya C. , Vázquez Z. , Alfredo Martínez J. , Martínez‐González M. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground:  Epidemiologic and experimental studies suggest that higher intake of dairy products could be associated with lower risk of hypertension and obesity. Differences in nutrient composition of distinct dairy products suggest that their effect on these outcomes might be heterogeneous. However, little experimental research has examined the potentially different effects of low‐ and whole‐fat dairy products on blood pressure (BP) and weight change. The present study aimed to assess whether supplementing diets with low‐ or whole‐fat dairy products would differentially affect BP levels and weight.Methods:  A randomised crossover trial in 45 normotensive volunteers (18–24 years old, 49% female) was conducted. Participants alternatively received 3.5 servings/day of whole‐fat or low‐fat dairy products (milk and yogurt) in addition to their usual diet during two 8‐week periods, with a 4‐week washout period between both interventions. Weight and BP were measured at the beginning and end of each intervention.Results:  Whole‐fat dairy supplementation significantly increased systolic BP [2.1 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.1–4.0, P = 0.04] and weight (1.0 kg, 95% CI = 0.5–1.5, P = 0.0002), but not diastolic BP (P = 0.34). Weight and BP did not change significantly after the low‐fat dairy intervention (P > 0.10). There were no significant differences in the effect of low‐fat or whole‐fat dairy products on BP (P > 0.60), but whole‐fat dairy increased weight significantly compared to low‐fat dairy (1.2 kg, 95% CI = 0.5–1.8, P = 0.0007).Conclusions:  In a young nonhypertensive population, dietary supplementation with whole‐fat dairy products, compared to low‐fat dairy, was associated with weight gain. No differential effects were observed for levels of BP.
Heat stress activates phospholipase D and triggers PIP2accumulation at the plasma membrane and nucleus
Authors: Mishkind Michael , Vermeer Joop E.M. , Darwish Essam , Munnik Teun 
Published: May 2009

SummaryHeat stress induces an array of physiological adjustments that facilitate continued homeostasis and survival during periods of elevated temperatures. Here, we report that within minutes of a sudden temperature increase, plants deploy specific phospholipids to specific intracellular locations: phospholipase D (PLD) and a phosphatidylinositolphosphate kinase (PIPK) are activated, and phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) rapidly accumulate, with the heat‐induced PIP2localized to the plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, nucleolus and punctate cytoplasmic structures. Increases in the steady‐state levels of PA and PIP2occur within several minutes of temperature increases from ambient levels of 20–25°C to 35°C and above. Similar patterns were observed in heat‐stressed Arabidopsis seedlings and rice leaves. The PA that accumulates in response to temperature increases results in large part from the activation of PLD rather than the sequential action of phospholipase C and diacylglycerol kinase, the alternative pathway used to produce this lipid. Pulse‐labelling analysis revealed that the PIP2response is due to the activation of a PIPK rather than inhibition of a lipase or a PIP2phosphatase. Inhibitor experiments suggest that the PIP2response requires signalling through a G‐protein, as aluminium fluoride blocks heat‐induced PIP2increases. These results are discussed in the context of the diverse cellular roles played by PIP2and PA, including regulation of ion channels and the cytoskeleton.
Attraction and fecundity of adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella, as influenced by methoxyfenozide‐treated electrostatic powder
Authors: Huang J. , Stelinski L. L. , Miller J. R. , Gut L. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe attractiveness and responsiveness of adult codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.), exposed to EntostatTM powder with or without the ecdysteroid agonist, methoxyfenozide, were investigated in a flight tunnel. Coating males with either EntostatTM powder alone or powder plus methoxyfenozide 1 or 24 h prior to flight tunnel assays did not influence the mean percentages of males successfully orienting to a female‐equivalent lure relative to unexposed control moths. The fecundity of females paired with males exposed to EntostatTM powder plus methoxyfenozide was significantly lower than that for females paired with unexposed males. This reduction in egg output was similar to that observed when methoxyfenozide‐treated females were paired with untreated males, indicating that males can successfully pass methoxyfenozide to their partners during copulation. However, EntostatTM powder alone carried by male moths did not affect female fecundity after mating. EntostatTM powder has the potential to carry pesticides for C. pomonella control by autodissemination.
Comparative bioefficacy of biorational ethylene glycol diesters and sucrose octanoate against Lipaphis erysimi (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Koul O. , Singh G. , Singh R. , Walia S. , Kaul V. K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe report the toxicological effects of new series of biorational glycol esters and compare the efficacy with the known commercial sugar ester, sucrose octanoate. Ethylene glycol diesters were easy to prepare without any isomeric constraints and very safe compounds that were applied as sprays or as residues. The compounds were equally toxic to mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi nymphs and adults and the activity was significantly comparable with sucrose octanoate activity. In spray assays LC50 of various compounds ranged from 1.32 to 11.5 mg/ml and in residual assay the range was 20.3–51.4 μg/cm2. In residual assay, ethylene glycol di‐2‐ethylhexanoate (5) and dioctanoate (6) were as effective as sucrose octanoate. Structure activity relationship suggested that higher number of carbon chains in these two compounds may be playing a role in the stability of compounds under residual operation of the insecticide. Based on these results, glycol esters would be useful and easy to prepare biorational compounds in integrated pest management.
The effect of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitor, on acetic acid‐induced colonic inflammation in the rat
Authors: Iseri Sevgin Ozlem , Ersoy Yasemin , Ercan Feriha , Yuksel Meral , Atukeren Pinar , Gumustas Koray , Alican Inci 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Sildenafil, a selective and potent inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)‐specific phosphodiesterase (PDE)5, has a relaxant effect on the smooth muscle cells of the arterioles supplying the human corpus cavernosum acting via nitric oxide (NO)‐dependent mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of sildenafil citrate on the extent of tissue integrity, oxidant‐antioxidant status and neutrophil infiltration to the inflamed organ in a rat model of acetic acid‐induced colitis.Methods:  Colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of 1 mL of 5% acetic acid to Sprague‐Dawley rats (200–250 g; n = 7–8/group). Control rats received an equal volume of saline intrarectally. In treatment groups, the rats were treated with either sildenafil citrate (5 mg/kg/day; subcutaneously) or saline for 3 days. After decapitation, distal colon was weighed and scored macroscopically and microscopically. Tissue samples were used for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and oxidant production. Trunk blood was collected for the assessment of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐1β levels.Results:  In the colitis group, the colonic tissue was characterized by lesions, increased lipid peroxidation with a concomitant reduction in GSH content, increased MPO activity and oxidant production. Serum TNF‐α and IL‐1β levels were higher in the colitis group compared to control values. Sildenafil reversed these inflammatory parameters nearly back to control values.Conclusions:  Sildenafil citrate administration to rats with acetic acid‐induced colitis seems to be beneficial via prevention of lipid peroxidation, oxidant generation, cytokine production and neutrophil accumulation.
Single session versus separate session endoscopic ultrasonography plus endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in patients with low to moderate risk for choledocholithiasis
Authors: Fabbri Carlo , Polifemo Anna Maria , Luigiano Carmelo , Cennamo Vincenzo , Fuccio Lorenzo , Billi Paola , Maimone Antonella , Ghersi Stefania , Macchia Sandro , Mwangemi Constance , Consolo Pierluigi , Zirilli Agata , Eusebi Leonardo Henry , D'Imperio Nicola 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a minimally invasive diagnostic tool for common bile duct stones (CBDS) and may be used to select patients for therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). The aim of this trial is to compare, in patients with non‐high‐risk for CDBS, the clinical and economic impact of EUS plus ERC performed in a single endoscopic session versus EUS plus ERC in two separate sessions.Methods:  During an 11‐month period, all adult patients admitted to the emergency department with suspicion of CBDS were categorized into either high‐risk or non‐high‐risk groups, on the basis of clinical, biochemical, or transabdominal ultrasound findings. Patients in the non‐high‐risk group were randomized to receive EUS plus ERC in one single or in two separate sessions.Results:  Eighty patients were recruited and randomized. Forty patients underwent EUS plus ERC in a single session and 40 patients underwent EUS plus ERC in two separate sessions. Negative EUS examination for CBDS avoided unnecessary ERC to 33 patients. Out of 47 patients with positive EUS (25 from the single session group and 22 from the double session), ERC confirmed the presence of CBDS in 46 cases (EUS sensitivity 100% and specificity 98%). Average time of procedure and hospitalization were significantly shorter in the single session group compared to the two session group. The single session strategy was also less expensive.Conclusion:  Endoscopic ultrasonography plus ERC with sphincterotomy and stone extraction performed during the same endoscopic session was safe and efficacious with a reduction of procedure time, hospitalization and costs.
Comparison of parenteral iron sucrose and ferric chloride during erythropoietin therapy of haemodialysis patients
Authors: WU CHIH‐JEN , LIN HSIN‐CHANG , LEE KUN‐FENG , CHUANG CHIH‐KUANG , CHEN YI‐CHOU , CHEN HAN‐HSIANG 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT:Aim:  To compare the effects of i.v. iron sucrose and Fe chloride on the iron indices of haemodialysis patients with anaemia.Methods:  One hundred and eight haemodialysis patients receiving recombinant human erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (ESA) (mean age 59.37 years) were enrolled and randomly assigned to an iron sucrose or an Fe chloride group. Iron supplements were administered at 100 mg/week during the first 4 weeks (loading dose). Ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) were then measured and dose adjusted. Ninety‐eight subjects completed treatment; 51 in the iron sucrose group and 47 in the Fe chloride group. Ferritin, TSAT, haematocrit (Hct), reticulocyte count, serum albumin, fractional clearance of urea (Kt/V) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured.Results:  There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the groups. Significant differences between the groups were observed in both iron indices and ESA dosage. Hct at week 24 (31.1% vs 29.7%, P = 0.006) and ferritin at week 20 (731.3 vs 631.7 ng/mL, P = 0.006) in the iron sucrose group were significantly higher than in the Fe chloride group. ESA dosage used in the iron sucrose group at week 8 was significantly lower than in the Fe chloride group (244.9 vs 322.6 U/kg per month, P = 0.003), and iron sucrose group received significantly lower iron dose than the Fe chloride group at week 8 (P = 0.005).Conclusion:  Although the differences in ESA dosage, ferritin and iron dosage between two groups were found during the study period while similar results were shown at the end of 24 week study. Thus, iron sucrose and Fe chloride are safe and work equally well for haemodialysis patients.
Systemic disorders of calcium dynamics in rats with adenine‐induced renal failure: Implication for chronic kidney disease‐related complications
Authors: IKEDA RYUJI , IMAI YASUO , MARUYAMA WAKAKO , MIZOGUCHI KAZUSHIGE 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT:Aim:  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes the dysregulation of systemic mineral metabolism. A major issue in CKD patients is the emergence of ectopic calcification in soft tissues, presumably due to increased levels of calcium (Ca) or inorganic phosphorus (Pi); however, the precise mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate Ca dynamics in an animal model of CKD.Methods:  Renal failure was produced in rats by feeding an adenine‐containing diet for 4 weeks, and time‐course changes in biochemical parameters, including Ca, Pi, creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3, and N‐telopeptide and cross‐linked collagen type I (NTx), were monitored once a week during the feeding period. Intestinal absorption, tissue contents, and urinary excretion of Ca were monitored using radioisotope (RI) 45Ca.Results:  Adenine‐fed rats exhibited renal failure, ectopic calcification and altered serum parameters, including elevated levels of serum Pi, Cr, PTH and BUN. Serum Ca levels were not increased in rats with renal failure. RI‐based experiments revealed that abnormal Ca dynamics including attenuated intestinal absorption, increased incorporation into soft tissues, particularly aortic tissue, in which it was increased threefold, and enhanced urinary excretion occurred in renal failure rats.Conclusion:  Rats with renal failure induced by an adenine diet exhibited severe abnormality of Ca dynamics, including Ca shortage and ectopic accumulation of Ca. These findings would provide useful information to research CKD‐related complications.
Study by transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the morphogenesis of three types of lingual papillae in the albino rat (Rattus rattus)
Authors: El‐Bakry Ahlam Mostafa 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEl‐Bakry, A.M. 2010. Study by transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the morphogenesis of three types of lingual papillae in the albino rat (Rattus rattus).—Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 91: 267–278Tongues were removed from albino rat foetus on days 12 (E12) and 16 (E16) of gestation and from newborns (P0) and from juvenile rats on days 7 (P7), 14 (P14) and 21 (P21) postnatally for investigation by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Significant changes appeared during the morphogenesis of the papillae. At E12, two rows of rudiments of fungiform papillae were extended bilaterally on the anterior half of the tongue. At E16, the rudiments of fungiform papillae were regularly arranged in a lattice‐like pattern. A rudiment of circumvallate papillae could be recognized. No rudiment of filiform papillae was visible. No evidence of keratinization was recognizable. At P0, rudiments of filiform papillae were visible but had a more rounded appearance, with keratinization. The fungiform and circumvallate papillae were large and their outlines were somewhat irregular as that found in the adult rat. At P7, the filiform papillae were large and slender. The fungiform papillae became large and the shape of circumvallate papillae was almost similar to that observed in the adult. At P14 and P21, the shape and structure of the three types of papillae were irregular as those found in the adult. In conclusion, the rudiments of the fungiform and circumvallate papillae were visible earlier than those of the filiform papillae. The morphogenesis of filiform papillae advanced in a parallel manner with the keratinization of the lingual epithelium, in the period from just before birth to a few weeks after birth.
Comparing hormonal and symptomatic responses to experimental hypoglycaemia in insulin‐ and sulphonylurea‐treated Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Choudhary P. , Lonnen K. , Emery C. J. , MacDonald I. A. , MacLeod K. M. , Amiel S. A. , Heller S. R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAims  Patients with diabetes rely on symptoms to identify hypoglycaemia. Previous data suggest patients with Type 2 diabetes develop greater symptomatic and hormonal responses to hypoglycaemia at higher glucose concentrations than non‐diabetic controls and these responses are lowered by insulin treatment. It is unclear if this is as a result of insulin therapy itself or improved glucose control. We compared physiological responses to hypoglycaemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes patients treated with sulphonylureas (SUs) or insulin (INS) with non‐diabetic controls (CON).Methods  Stepped hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemic clamps were performed on 20 subjects with Type 2 diabetes, 10 SU‐treated and 10 treated with twice‐daily premixed insulin, and 10 age‐ and weight‐matched non‐diabetic controls. Diabetic subjects were matched for diabetes duration, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and hypoglycaemia experience. We measured symptoms, counterregulatory hormones and cognitive function at glucose plateaux of 5, 4, 3.5, 3 and 2.5 mmol/l.Results  Symptomatic responses to hypoglycaemia occurred at higher blood glucose concentrations in SU‐treated than INS‐treated patients [3.5 (0.4) vs. 2.6 (0.5) mmol/l SU vs. INS; P = 0.001] or controls [SU vs. CON 3.5 (0.4) vs. 3.0 (0.6) mmol/l; P = 0.05]. They also had a greater increase in symptom scores at hypoglycaemia [13.6 (11.3) vs. 3.6 (6.1) vs. 5.1 (4.3) SU vs. INS vs. CON; P = 0.017]. There were no significant differences in counterregulatory hormone responses or impairment of cognitive function among groups.Conclusions  Sulphonylurea‐treated subjects are more symptomatic of hypoglycaemia at a higher glucose level than insulin‐treated subjects. This may protect them from severe hypoglycaemia but hinder attainment of glycaemic goals.
Interacting effects of changes in climate and forest cover on mortality and growth of the southernmost European fir forests
Authors: Linares Juan Carlos , Camarero J. Julio , Carreira José Antonio 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTAims The combined effects of changes in climate and land use on tree mortality and growth patterns have rarely been addressed. Relict tree species from the Mediterranean Basin serve as appropriate models to investigate these effects, since they grow in climatically stressed areas which have undergone intense cover changes. The aim is to use climate, aerial photographs, stand structure and radial‐growth data to explain the mortality and historical patterns of growth ofAbies pinsapoin the area where this relict species was first protected.Location Sierra de las Nieves, West Baetic Range, southern Spain.Methods We assessed variations of tree cover inA. pinsapoforests through image analyses of aerial photographs spanning the last 50 years. We sampled 31 stands to assess current altitudinal patterns of forest structure and mortality. We evaluated the relationships between radial growth and regional climate using linear models in three sites at different elevations.Results Regional warming and a decrease in precipitation were detected. Forest tree cover increased at all elevations from 1957 until 1991, but it afterwards decreased below 1100 m. Currently, the likelihood of tree mortality increases downwards and is associated with dense, closed stands with a low living basal area. In contrast to previous droughts, a sharp synchronized reduction in tree growth, not fully accounted for in linear climate–growth models, occurred at low elevations in 1994–95, but not upwards. It was preceded by a weakening of the negative association between low‐elevation growth and water deficit since the late 1970s.Conclusions The intense densification ofA. pinsapoforests following strict protection measures in the late 1950s enhanced the vulnerability of climate‐sensitiveA. pinsapoforests to recent drier conditions. Such abrupt land‐use changes help to explain recent patterns of mortality and growth decline in low‐elevationA. pinsapoforests.
Stakeholder Reporting: The Role of Intermediaries
Authors: STAPLETON PAMELA , WOODWARD DAVID 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTCorporate social responsibility encompasses a multiplicity of different concepts, such that its nature is confused, and it remains difficult to operationalize because opening dialogue with and responding to the various expectations of diverse stakeholders is beyond the capacity of many companies. This paper adapts Mayston's normative “information beneficiaries” framework and focuses on intermediaries who might potentially use published financial information to open a restricted form of dialogue with companies, which might benefit unsophisticated stakeholders. The paper examines the Mayston framework using interviews conducted in organizations that might act on behalf of three stakeholder groups associated with gas and electricity suppliers in the United Kingdom, these being: consumers, employees, and the environment. While a long chain of communication exists between utility company and stakeholder, and many organizations do not fulfill their full potential as information intermediaries, there is some evidence that Mayston's framework might well operate in practice.
A Study of the Financial Reporting Dichotomy of Managers' Perceived Usefulness of the Value Added Statement
Authors: MALGWI CHARLES A. , PURDY DEREK E. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThe value added statements' (VAS) literature has been overwhelmingly normative and generally strongly suggested companies should produce a VAS, as did the Nigerian Accounting Standards Board in its Statement of Accounting Standards (NASB, 1984). This study investigated whether the perceived usefulness of the Nigerian VAS conformed to what the managers, as preparers, had envisioned the VAS to accomplish. Using methods pioneered in the empirical literature about the effects of information provision on managers, senior managers in two companies were interviewed about their past, current, and future views concerning the VAS. One company produced a VAS while the other did not produce one even when the Nigerian government made it mandatory. Empirical research about VAS is rare, especially the reasons for nonproduction of a VAS. The collection of interview data at the individual manager level enabled the findings to be compared with various aspects of the VAS literature, including emerging economies, finance studies in the United States, and normative literature in South Africa and UK studies. The non‐VAS company respondents strongly considered the government to be the main user, compared with the employees as main users in UK studies. Our findings had some strong support for shareholders as did the United Kingdom. The majority of the VAS‐producing respondents noted that a VAS might not be useful to employees, but could be used to measure productivity, demonstrating the function of VAS as a complementary performance indicator. The non‐VAS company respondents did not know if a VAS measured productivity, as it was merely a rearrangement of the Income Statement and thus similar to UK views. The paper also provides suggestions for further research with both VAS and other financial representatives.