bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KIT gene mutation and amplification in dysgerminoma of the ovary
Authors: Cheng Liang , Roth Lawrence M. , Zhang Shaobo , Wang Mingsheng , Morton Michael J. , Zheng Wenxin , Abdul Karim Fadi W. , Montironi Rodolfo , Lopez‐Beltran Antonio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Dysgerminoma, the ovarian counterpart of seminoma, is the most common type of malignant ovarian germ cell tumor. The role of KIT mutation and amplification in the development of dysgerminoma is not currently established. The purpose of this study was to analyze alterations of the KIT gene in a large series of dysgerminomas and correlate the findings with clinicopathological parameters.METHODS:Dysgerminoma cells from 22 patients were analyzed for KIT mutations at exon 17 codon 816. KIT amplification and chromosome 12p anomalies were investigated by way of dual color fluorescence in situ hybridization. KIT protein expression was also examined by way of immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:KIT exon 17 codon 816 mutations and KIT amplification were each detected in 6 cases of dysgerminoma (27%); however, there was no correlation between these 2 factors. KIT expression was detected in 87% of dysgerminomas. The KIT mutation was associated with advanced pathological stage (P < .05), and KIT amplification was associated with elevated KIT protein expression (P < .05). Chromosome 12p anomalies were found in 82% of the dysgerminomas and did not correlate with KIT abnormalities.CONCLUSIONS:KIT mutations occur in approximately one‐third of cases of dysgerminomas and are associated with advanced stage at presentation. KIT is a potential therapeutic target for those dysgerminomas that have the mutation. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Differential structural plasticity of corticostriatal and thalamostriatal axo‐spinous synapses in MPTP‐treated parkinsonian monkeys
Authors: Villalba Rosa M. , Smith Yoland 
Published: December 2010

AbstractStriatal spine loss is a key pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Knowing that striatal glutamatergic afferents target dendritic spines, these data appear difficult to reconcile with evidence for an increased expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGluT1) in the striatum of PD patients and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐treated monkeys, as well as in some electrophysiological studies showing overactivity of the corticostriatal glutamatergic system in models of parkinsonism. To address the possibility that structural changes in glutamatergic afferents may underlie these discrepancies, we undertook an ultrastructural analysis of vGluT1‐positive (i.e., corticostriatal) and vGluT2‐positive (i.e., mostly thalamostriatal) axo‐spinous glutamatergic synapses using a 3D electron microscopic approach in normal and MPTP‐treated monkeys. Three main conclusions can be drawn: 1) spines contacted by vGluT1‐containing terminals have larger volume and harbor significantly larger postsynaptic densities (PSDs) than those contacted by vGluT2‐immunoreactive boutons; 2) a subset of vGluT2‐, but not vGluT1‐immunoreactive, terminals display a pattern of multisynaptic connectivity in normal and MPTP‐treated monkeys; and 3) VGluT1‐ and vGluT2‐positive axo‐spinous synapses undergo ultrastructural changes (larger spine volume, larger PSDs, increased PSD perforations, larger presynaptic terminal) indicative of increased synaptic activity in parkinsonian animals. Furthermore, spines contacted by cortical terminals display an increased volume of their spine apparatus in MPTP‐treated monkeys, suggesting an increased protein synthesis at corticostriatal synapses. These findings demonstrate that corticostriatal and thalamostriatal glutamatergic axo‐spinous synapses display significantly different ultrastructural features, and that both systems undergo complex morphological changes that could underlie the pathophysiology of corticostriatal and thalamostriatal systems in PD. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:989–1005, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mediation of Secretory Cell Function by G Protein—Coupled Receptors
Authors: Lledo Pierre‐Marie , Zorec Robert , Rupnik Marjan , Mason W. T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:The Impact of Molecular Biology on Cell PhysiologySecretory Cell PhysiologyMechanisms of Action of Antisense OligonucleotidesLifetimes of Antisense Probes in Living CellsAntisense Sites of ActionThe Whole Cell Patch—Clamp Technique and Loading Cells with Antisense Oligonucleotide ProbesAntisense Oligonucleotides Assign G Protein Subtypes in The Coupling of Dopamine Receptors to Ionic ChannelsModels for The Study of Regulated Secretory EventsPackaging and Storage in Different Secretory OrganellesMembrane Capacitance Reveals Exocytotic and Endocytotic ActivitiesHomeostasis of The Intracellular‐Free Calcium ConcentrationThe Exocytotic Machinery is Regulated by Intracellular Calcium ConcentrationThe Role of Small Gtp‐Binding Proteins in ExocytosisIdentification of Specific G Proteins Controlling Ionic Channel ActivitiesUse of Pertussis Toxin to Identify a Role For G Proteins in Cell FunctionUse of Antisense Oligonucleotides to Study αO‐Mediated Calcium Current Responses to Dopamine in Lactotroph CellsTime Dependence of Antisense Action in Single‐Cell StudiesUse of Antisense Oligonucleotides to Establish a Role for RAB3B Small GTP‐Binding Protein in Calcium‐Induced Exocytosis of Anterior Pituitary CellsDiscussionSummary
General Introduction: Reminiscences and Reflections on Fifty Years of the Endocrine Pancreas
Authors: Randle Philip J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:BeginningsEndocrine Nature of the PancreasAction MechanismsLandmarks in Protein Phosphorylation: Mechanism of Action of GlucagonInsulinEarly Development of Ideas About the Mechanism of Action of InsulinInsulin Secretion and BiosynthesisFuels: Consumption and Selection—The Glucose Fatty Acid Cycle and the Role of the PDH ComplexFuel Consumption and SelectionThe Glucose Fatty Acid CycleRole of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ComplexPhysiopathological Significance of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Regulation in HumansThe Thrifty Phenotype Hypothesis in Relation to Insulin Secretion, Insulin Insensitivity, and the Origins of Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes MellitusWhere Next?
Regulation of Ketogenesis in Liver
Authors: Zammit Victor A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Roles of Insulin and Glucagon in Substrate Supply for Hepatic KetogenesisEffects of Ketones on the Endocrine Pancreas and Adipose TissueIntrahepatic Partitioning of Fatty Acids Between Oxidation and EsterificationPancreatic Hormone Effects on Enzyme Substrate AvailabilityExpression of Enzyme ActivityRole of Malonyl CoARole of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I Membrane Topology and Membrane‐Protein InteractionsControl of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I over Ketogenesis: Effects of Altered Insulin StatusIn Vivo Monitoring of Hepatic Acyl‐CoA PartitioningIntramitochondrial Regulation of KetogenesisModulation of Mitochondrial 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐Methylglutaryl‐CoA Synthase ActivityExamples of Physiological Conditions Involving Pancreatic Hormone Regulation of KetogenesisGeneral Comments
Molecular and Physiological Aspects of Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme
Authors: Alhenc‐Gelas Francois , Corvol Pierre 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:DistributionSomatic Angiotensin‐Converting EnzymeGerminal Angiotensin‐Converting EnzymeCatalytic PropertiesAngiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Is a Zinc MetallopeptidaseSubstrate SpecificityAnion ActivationMolecular Structure of Angiotensin‐Converting EnzymeSomatic Angiotensin‐Converting EnzymeGerminal Angiotensin‐Converting EnzymeTwo Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Active Sites: Identification of Essential ResiduesDifferences in the Characteristics of the N and C domainsChloride ActivationSubstrate SpecificityAngiotensin‐Converting Enzyme InhibitorsStructure of the Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme GeneMechanism of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Anchorage and SolubilizationRegulation of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Gene Expression in Somatic And Germinal CellsInduction of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Gene Expression in Physiological and Pathological SituationsGenetic Polymorphism of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Levels in HumansAssociation of the Genetic Polymorphism of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Levels with DiseasePhysiological Role of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme
Antidiuretic Hormone: Synthesis and Release
Authors: Sladek Celia D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Morphology of Vasopressinergic NeuronsLocalizationCellular MorphologyGlial–Neuronal InteractionsPosterior Pituitary MorphologySynthesis of VasopressinVasopressin GeneRegulation of Vasopressin mRNAProcessing, Packaging, and Transport to the Neural LobeRelease of Antidiuretic HormoneElectrophysiological Characteristics of Vasopressin NeuronsStimulus–Secretion Coupling in the Neural LobeDendritic ReleaseRegulation of Vasopressin SecretionAfferents to Magnocellular Vasopressin NeuronsNeurochemicals Regulating SecretionNeuropeptides in Afferent PathwaysOsmoregulatory Pathways and MechanismsPressure/Volume‐Regulatory PathwaysOther Ascending PathwaysOther Physiological RegulatorsSteroid hormones
Endocrine Control of Water Balance
Authors: Andreoli Thomas E. , Reeves W. Brian , Bichet Daniel G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:The Water‐Repletion ReactionCell‐Volume RegulationThe NeurohypophysisStructureHormone Biosynthesis, Transport, and MetabolismControl of Antidiuretic Hormone ReleaseOsmotic RegulationNonosmotic RegulationChemical MediatorsIntranuclear SecretionOxytocinThirstOsmotic RegulationVolume‐Mediated ThirstSatiation of ThirstRenal Contribution to Osmotic HomeostasisRenal Countercurrent MechanismsEffects of Filtration Rate and Solute ExcretionCollecting TubuleMedullary Thick Ascending Limb of HenleIntegration of Antidiuretic Hormone Actions with the Urinary Concentrating MechanismSelected Clinical Derangements of Water BalanceHypertonic SyndromesHypotonic Syndromes
Parathyroid Hormone and Polyhormones: Production and Export
Authors: Diaz Ruben , Fuleihan Ghada El‐Hajj , Brown Edward M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Role of Extracellular Calcium–Sensing and Extracellular Calcium–Regulated Parathyroid Hormone Secretion in Mineral ion HomeostasisThe G Protein–Coupled, Extracellular Calcium–Sensing ReceptorStructure and FunctionInherited Diseases Resulting from Receptor MutationsMice with Targeted Disruption of the ReceptorAre There Additional Receptors or Other Ion‐Sensing Receptors?Anatomy and Physiology of the Parathyroid CellMorphologySecretory PathwayPhysiological Control of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion by Extracellular Calcium and Other FactorsAcute RegulationAdditional Ionic Agonists Regulating Parathyroid Hormone Secretion via the Extracellular Calcium‐Sensing ReceptorOther Ions Modulating Parathyroid Hormone secretionRapid Actions of Vitamin D on Parathyroid CellsRegulation of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion by Catecholamines and Other Biogenic AminesRegulation of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion by Lipid MetabolitesRegulation of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion by Peptides and Peptide HormonesMiscellaneous Factors Regulating Parathyroid Hormone SecretionMechanisms Underlying the Acute Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion by Extracellular CalciumRegulation of Intracellular Degradation of Parathyroid HormoneRegulation of Parathyroid Hormone Gene ExpressionChromosomal Localization and Organization of the Parathyroid Hormone GeneEffects of Extracellular CalciumEffects of Extracellular PhosphateEffects of Vitamin D MetabolitesParathyroid Hormone Regulation of Gene Expression by Steroids and Other HormonesRegulation of Parathyroid Hormone Gene Expression by Agents that Increase Intracellular Cyclic Adenosine MonophosphateRegulation of Overall Biosynthetic Activity of the Parathyroid CellRegulation of Parathyroid Cellular ProliferationEffects of Extracellular CalciumEffects of Vitamin D MetabolitesEffect of Extracellular PhosphateEffect of Growth FactorsCircadian and Pulsatile Control of Parathyroid Hormone SecretionCircadian VariationPulsatilityAlterations in Circadian Rhythm and Pulsatility in Patients with Abnormal Parathyroid FunctionSecretion of Factors Other Than Parathyroid Hormone: Possible Autocrine/ Paracrine Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone SecretionEvidence for Autocrine Control of Parathyroid FunctionSecretion of Parathyroid Hormone–Related ProteinSecretion of Chromogranin A‐Derived PeptidesSecretion of Other PeptidesSecretion of Prostaglandins
Roles of Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide in Calcium Metabolism and Bone Biology: Biological Actions and Receptors
Authors: Jüppner Harald , Jr. Potts John T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Parathyroid HormoneChemistryPeripheral MetabolismActions in Kidney and BoneParathyroid Hormone‐Related PeptideChemistry: Role of the Amino‐terminal Portion in Calcium MetabolismBiological Role in Bone DevelopmentReceptors That Mediate Analogous and Distinct Molecular Actions of Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone–Related PeptideThe Parathyroid Hormone/Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide ReceptorThe Type 2 Parathyroid Hormone ReceptorAdditional ReceptorsStructure‐Based Design of AnaloguesSummary
Chronic Stress and Energy Balance: Role of the Hypothalamo‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axis
Authors: Dallman Mary F. , Bhatnagar Seema 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Regulation of Function in the Hypothalamo‐Pituitary‐Adrenal AxisCorticosteroid Receptors: Feedback Control of the Hypothalamo‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axis by Exogenous Corticosteroid TreatmentStressor‐Induced Endogenous Corticosteroid Secretion and Feedback ControlChronic or Repeated Stressors Induce Facilitated ResponsesDiurnal Rhythms and ResponsivityAcute Versus Chronic Stressors: Effects on Activity in the Hypothalamo‐Pituitary‐Adrenal AxisAcute Responses to StressAdaptations to Intermittent StimuliAdaption to Chronic, Sustained StimuliCorticosteroids, Stress, and Energy BalanceEnergy AcquisitionEnergy DispositionChronic Stress in Humans
Interactions Between the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axis and Immune System During Viral Infection: Pathways for Environmental Effects on Disease Expression
Authors: Miller Andrew H. , Pearce Bradley D. , Ruzek Melanie C. , Biron Christine A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Immune Responses to Viral InfectionEarly Innate ImmunityLate Adaptive ImmunityPathology During Viral InfectionCell‐Mediated PathologyCytokine‐Mediated PathologyCytokine Pathways for Glucocorticoid Induction During Viral Infection [“Starting the Loop”]Glucocorticoid Induction during Viral InfectionCytokines and Glucocorticoid Induction during Viral InfectionCentral Nervous System/Neuroendocrine Pathways for Glucocorticoid Induction During Viral Infection (“Making the Connection”)Pathways by which Peripheral Cytokine Signals Reach the BrainCytokine Network in the Central Nervous SystemCytokines and BehaviorViral Infection, Glucocorticoid Availability, and Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression and Function (“Delivering and Receiving The Signal”)Corticosteroid‐Binding Globulin and 11β‐Hydroxysteroid DehydrogenaseGlucocorticoid Receptor Changes during Viral InfectionCytokines as Potential Mediators of Glucocorticoid Receptor Changes during Viral InfectionEndogenous Glucocorticoids and Host Responses to Viral Infection (“Shaping The Response, Protection, and Closing the Loop”)Impact of Stress on Immune Responses to Viral InfectionGlucocorticoids as the Mediator of Stress Effects on Viral ImmunitySummary
New insights into cortical interneurons development and classification: Contribution of developmental studies
Authors: Vitalis Tania , Rossier Jean 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe concerted development of GABAergic interneurons and glutamatergic neurons is a key feature in the construction of the cerebral cortex. In contrast with glutamatergic neurons, GABAergic interneurons are heterogeneous differing by their axonal and dendritic morphologies, biochemical markers, connectivity, and physiology. Furthermore, interneurons have recently been shown to be generated in a variety of telencephalic structures (the ganglionic eminences, the entopeduncular and preoptic areas and the cortex). This review describes the origin, specification and differentiation of interneurons. These recent developmental studies may help to clarify the classification of mature interneurons. In particular recent studies, including our own, provide compelling evidences that most interneurons are specify after their last division in their region of origin before migration. The roles of target tissues in determining the final physiological properties of interneurons are also discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 34–44, 2011
The promise of an interneuron‐based cell therapy for epilepsy
Authors: Sebe Joy Y. , Baraban Scott C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOf the nearly 3 million Americans diagnosed with epilepsy, approximately 30% are unresponsive to current medications. Recent data has shown that early postnatal transplantation of interneuronal precursor cells increases GABAergic inhibition in the host brain and dramatically suppresses seizure activity in epileptic mice. In this review, we will highlight findings from seizure‐prone mice and humans that demonstrate the link between dysfunctional GABAergic inhibition and hyperexcitability. In particular, we will focus on rodent models of temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common and difficult to treat form of the disease, and interneuronopathies, an emerging classification. A wealth of literature showing a causal link between reduced GABA‐mediated inhibition and seizures has directed our efforts to recover the loss of inhibition via transplantation of interneuronal precursors. Numerous related studies have explored the anticonvulsant potential of cell grafts derived from a variety of brain regions, yet the mechanism underlying the effect of such heterogeneous cell transplants is unknown. In discussing our recent findings and placing them in context with what is known about epilepsy, and how related transplant approaches have progressed, we hope to initiate a frank discussion of the best path toward the translation of this approach to patients with intractable forms of epilepsy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 107–117, 2011
Human CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells produce CXCL8 and recruit neutrophils
Authors: Himmel Megan E. , Crome Sarah Q. , Ivison Sabine , Piccirillo Ciriaco , Steiner Theodore S. , Levings Megan K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOne of the defining features of the majority of FOXP3+ Tregs is their inability to produce typical T‐cell‐derived cytokines. Little is known, however, about their capacity to produce chemokines. As Tregs are constitutively present in, and rapidly traffic to, non‐lympoid tissues, we hypothesized that they may produce chemokines to direct the composition of cells that infiltrate inflamed tissues. Surprisingly, we found that Tregs produce high amounts of CXCL8 (IL‐8), a potent neutrophil chemoattractant. Tregs also produced other CC and CXC family chemokines, including CCL2‐5, CCL7, and CXCL10. Whereas ectopic expression of FOXP3 suppressed cytokine production, it significantly induced CXCL8. Moreover, supernatants from Tregs attracted neutrophils via a CXCL8‐dependent mechanism. These data provide the first evidence that although classical Tregs are defined by their lack of proinflammatory cytokine production, they secrete significant quantities of chemokines and thus may have an unappreciated role in directing the recruitment of immune cells.
Synthesis and Redox Behavior of Bis(3‐methylthio‐1‐azulenyl)methyl Cations and Dications Connected by 2‐Thienyl and 2,5‐Thiophenediyl Spacers
Authors: Shoji Taku , Higashi Junya , Ito Shunji , Okujima Tetsuo , Morita Noboru 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNovel bis(3‐methylthio‐1‐azulenyl)methyl cations 3a+ and 3b+ and dications 4a2+ and 4b2+ were synthesized by thehydride abstraction reaction of the corresponding hydride derivatives 7a, 7b, 8a, and 8b, which were readily prepared by the acid‐catalyzed condensation reaction of 6a and 6b with the corresponding aldehyde and dialdehyde with DDQ. The pKR+ values of novel cations 3a+ and 3b+ and dications 4a2+ and 4b2+ were determined spectrophotometrically to examine the thermodynamic stability of these carbocations. The redox behavior of the mono‐ and dications was also examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), which revealed their reversible electrochemical reduction properties, except for the case of dication 4b2+. Moreover, a significant color change was observed by visible spectroscopy under electrochemical reduction conditions. Dications 4a2+ and 4b2+ were also chemically reduced by Zn powder to afford thienoquinoid compounds 9a and 9b, respectively.
Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry for the analysis of intact proteins 2007–2010
Authors: Haselberg Rob , de Jong Gerhardus J. , Somsen Govert W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCE coupled to MS has proven to be a powerful analytical tool for the characterization of intact proteins, as it combines the high separation efficiency of CE with the selectivity of MS. This review provides an overview of the development and application of CE‐MS methods within the field of intact protein analysis as published between January 2007 and June 2010. Ongoing technological developments with respect to CE‐MS interfacing, capillary coatings for CE‐MS, coupling of CIEF with MS and chip‐based CE‐MS are treated. Furthermore, CE‐MS of intact proteins involving ESI, MALDI and ICP ionization is outlined and overviews of the use of the various CE‐MS methods are provided by tables. Representative examples illustrate the applicability of CE‐MS for the characterization of proteins, including glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, protein–ligand complexes, biomarkers and dietary proteins. It is concluded that CE‐MS is a valuable technique with high potential for intact protein analysis, providing useful information on protein identity and purity, including modifications and degradation products.
Combined effects of heat and chemical reactions on the peristaltic flow of carreau fluid model in a diverging tube
Authors: Akbar Noreen Sher , Nadeem S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe study of peristaltic flow of a Carreau fluid in a non‐uniform tube under the consideration of long wavelength in the presence of heat and mass transfer is presented. The flow is investigated in a wave frame of reference moving with velocity of the wave c. Two types of analytical solutions have been evaluated (i) perturbation method (ii) homotopy analysis method for velocity, temperature and concentration field. Numerical integration have been used to obtain the graphical results for pressure rise and frictional forces. The effects of various emerging parameters are investigated for five different peristaltic waves. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.