bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedimentary Facies and Soft-sediment Deformation Structures in the Late Miocene-Pliocene Middle Siwalik Subgroup, Eastern Himalaya, Darjiling District, India
Authors: Kundu Abhik , Matin Abdul , Mukul Malay , Eriksson Patrick G. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The Himalayan fold-and-thrust belt has propagated from its Tibetan hinterland to the southern foreland since ~55 Ma. The Siwalik sediments (~20 – 2 Ma) were deposited in the frontal Himalayan foreland basin and subsequently became part of the thrust belt since ~12 Ma. Restoration of the deformed section of the Middle Siwalik sequence reveals that the sequence is ~325 m thick. Sedimentary facies analysis of the Middle Siwalik rocks points to the deposition of the Middle Siwalik sediments in an alluvial fan setup that was affected by uplift and foreland-ward propagation of Greater and Lesser Himalayan thrusts. Soft-sediment deformation structures preserved in the Middle Siwalik sequence in the Darjiling Himalaya are interpreted to have formed by sediment liquefaction resulting from increased pore-water pressure probably due to strong seismic shaking. Soft-sediment structures such as convolute lamination, flame structures, and various kinds of deformed cross-stratification are thus recognized as palaeoseismic in origin. This is the first report of seismites from the Siwalik succession of Darjiling Himalaya which indicates just like other sectors of Siwalik foreland basin and the present-day Gangetic foreland basin that the Siwalik sediments of this sector responded to seismicity.
Zugang und Wirksamkeit bei der medizinischen Rehabilitation für Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund
Authors: Brzoska Patrick , Yilmaz-Aslan Yüce , Razum Oliver 
Published: October 2011

Einleitung
Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund unterscheiden sich in gesundheitlicher Hinsicht von Menschen ohne Migrationshintergrund. In der rehabilitativen Versorgung begegnen sie zahlreichen Zugangs- und Wirksamkeitsbarrieren, die einer bedarfs- und bedürfnisgerechten Rehabilitation entgegenstehen. Um den Zugang und die Wirksamkeit bei der Rehabilitation für diese Bevölkerungsgruppe zu verbessern, ist eine migrationssensible Ausrichtung von rehabilitativen Versorgungsangeboten in Form professioneller und systematischer Lösungsansätze erforderlich.
ESSENTIAL COMMUTATIVITY OF SOME INTEGRAL AND COMPOSITION OPERATORS
Authors: ZHOU ZE-HUA , ZHANG LIANG , ZENG HONG-GANG 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn general, multiplication of operators is not essentially commutative in an algebra generated by integral-type operators and composition operators. In this paper, we characterize the essential commutativity of the integral operators and composition operators from a mixed-norm space to a Bloch-type space, and give a complete description of the universal set of integral operators. Corresponding results for boundedness and compactness are also obtained.
The limits to ‘spin-off’: UK defence R & D and the development of gallium arsenide technology
Authors: SPINARDI GRAHAM 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUK defence R & D played a leading role in the development of gallium arsenide and other III–V semiconductor materials. Often touted as the semiconductor of the future because of its potential for high-speed computing, gallium arsenide had unique properties compared to silicon that made it attractive for military applications. Some consumer applications were also developed, and these eventually became significant with its use in mobile phone handsets in the mid-1990s. However, despite the apparent advantage of close links to the defence establishments and early access to expertise in III–V technologies, UK companies had limited success in these civil markets, preferring instead to focus on defence procurement.
When balanced for precursor fatty acid supply echium oil is not superior to linseed oil in enriching lamb tissues with long-chain n-3 PUFA
Authors: Kitessa Soressa M. , Young Paul , Nattrass Greg , Gardner Graham , Pearce Kelly , Pethick David W. 
Published: October 2011

Vegetable oils containing stearidonic acid (SDA, 18 : 4n-3) are considered better precursors of long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) than those with only α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18 : 3n-3). The present study re-examined this premise using treatments where added ALA from linseed oil was matched with ALA plus SDA from echium oil. Lambs (n 6) were abomasally infused with saline (control (C), 25 ml), echium oil low (EL, 25 ml), echium oil high (EH, 50 ml), linseed oil low (LL, 25 ml) or linseed oil high (LH, 50 ml) for 4 weeks. The basal ration used was identical across all treatments. EPA (20 : 5n-3) in meat increased from 6·5 mg in the C lambs to 16·8, 17·7, 13·5 and 11·7 (sem 0·86) mg/100 g muscle in the EL, EH, LL and LH lambs, respectively. For muscle DPA (docosapentaenoic acid; 22 : 5n-3), the corresponding values were 14·3, 22·2, 18·6 18·2 and 19·4 (sem 0·57) mg/100 g muscle. The DHA (22 : 6n-3) content of meat was 5·8 mg/100 g in the C lambs and ranged from 4·53 to 5·46 (sem 0·27) mg/100 g muscle in the oil-infused groups. Total n-3 PUFA content of meat (including ALA and SDA) increased from 39 mg to 119, 129, 121 and 150 (sem 12·3) mg/100 g muscle. We conclude that both oil types were effective in enhancing the EPA and DPA, but not DHA, content of meat. Furthermore, we conclude that, when balanced for precursor n-3 fatty acid supply, differences between linseed oil and echium oil in enriching meat with LC n-3 PUFA were of little, if any, nutritional significance.
TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN BIOMASS USE AND SOIL COVER. THE CASE OF RICE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN THE LAKE ALAOTRA REGION OF MADAGASCAR
Authors: NAUDIN K. , SCOPEL E. , ANDRIAMANDROSO A. L. H. , RAKOTOSOLOFO M. , ANDRIAMAROSOA RATSIMBAZAFY N. R. S. , RAKOTOZANDRINY J. N. , SALGADO P. , GILLER K. E. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYFarmers in the Lake Alaotra region of Madagascar are currently evaluating a range of conservation agriculture (CA) cropping systems. Most of the expected agroecological functions of CA (weed control, erosion control and water retention) are related to the degree of soil cover. Under farmers’ conditions, the grain and biomass productivity of these systems is highly variable and the biomass is used for several purposes. In this study, we measured biomass production of cover crops and crops in farmers’ fields. Further, we derived relationships to predict the soil cover that can be generated for a particular quantity of mulch. We used these relationships to explore the variability of soil cover that can be generated in farmers’ fields, and to estimate how much of the biomass can be removed for use as livestock feed, while retaining sufficient soil cover. Three different kinds of cropping systems were investigated in 91 farmers’ fields. The first two cropping sequences were on the hillsides: (i) maize + pulse (Vigna unguiculata or Dolichos lablab) in year 1, followed by upland rice in year 2; (ii) the second crop sequence included several years of Stylosanthes guianensis followed by upland rice; (iii) the third crop sequence was in lowland paddy fields: Vicia villosa or D. lablab, which was followed by rice within the same year and repeated every year. The biomass available prior to rice sowing varied from 3.6 t ha−1 with S. guianensis to 7.3 t ha−1 with V. villosa. The relationship between the mulch quantity (M) and soil cover (C) was measured using digital imaging and was well described by the following equation: C = 1 − exp(−Am × M), where Am is an area-to-mass ratio with R2 > 0.99 in all cases. The calculated average soil cover varied from 56 to 97% for maize + V. unguiculata and V. villosa, respectively. In order to maintain 90% soil cover at rice sowing, the average amount of biomass of V. villosa that could be removed was at least 3 t ha−1 for three quarters of the fields. This quantity was less for other annual or biennial cropping systems. On average the V. villosa aboveground biomass contained 236 kg N ha−1. The study showed that for the conditions of farmers of Malagasy, the production and conservation of biomass is not always sufficient to fulfil all the above-cited agroecological functions of mulch. Inventory of the soil cover capacity for different types of mulch may help farmers to decide how much biomass they can remove from the field.
Judges, Masters, Diviners: Slaves’ Experience of Criminal Justice in Colonial Suriname
Authors: Davis Natalie Zemon 
Published: October 2011

“Two negroes hanged,” John Gabriel Stedman wrote in his Suriname journal for March 9, 1776, and then two days later, among his purchases of “soap, wine, tobacco, [and] rum” and his dinners with an elderly widow, he records, “A negro's foot cut off.” Stedman expanded on these events in the laterNarrativeof his years as a Dutch–Scottish soldier fighting against the Suriname Maroons:And now, this being the period of the [court] sessions, another Negro's leg was cut off for sculking from a task to which he was unable, while two more were condemned to be hang'd for running away altogether. The heroic behavior of one of these men deserves particularly to be quotted, he beg'd only to be heard for a few moments, which, being granted, he proceeded thus––“I was born in Africa, where defending my prince during an engagement, I was made a captive, and sold for a slave by my own countrimen. One of your countrimen, who is now to be my judge, became then my purchaser, in whose service I was treated so cruelly by his overseer that I deserted and joined the rebels in the woods . . .”To which his former master, who as he observed was now one of his judges, made the following laconick reply, “Rascal, that is not what we want to know. But the torture this moment shall make you confess crimes as black as yourself, as well as those of your hateful accomplices.” To which the Negroe, who now swel'd in every vain with rage [replied, holding up his hands], “Massera, the verry tigers have trembled for these hands . . . and dare you think to threaten me with your wretched instrument? No, I despise the greatest tortures you can now invent, as much as I do the pitiful wrech who is going to inflict them.” Saying which, he threw himself down on the rack, where amidst the most excruciating tortures he remained with a smile and without they were able to make him utter a syllable. Nor did he ever speak again till he ended his unhappy days at the gallows.
Potential for phosphite and phosphonate utilization by Prochlorococcus
Authors: Feingersch Roi , Philosof Alon , Mejuch Tom , Glaser Fabian , Alalouf Onit , Shoham Yuval , Béjà Oded 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Phosphonates (Pn) are diverse organic phosphorus (P) compounds containing C–P bonds and comprise up to 25% of the high-molecular weight dissolved organic P pool in the open ocean. Pn bioavailability was suggested to influence markedly bacterial primary production in low-P areas. Using metagenomic data from the Global Ocean Sampling expedition, we show that the main potential microbial contributor in Pn utilization in oceanic surface water is the globally important marine primary producer Prochlorococcus. Moreover, a number of Prochlorococcus strains contain two distinct putative Pn uptake operons coding for ABC-type Pn transporters. On the basis of microcalorimetric measurements, we find that each of the two different putative Pn-binding protein (PhnD) homologs transcribed from these operons possesses different Pn- as well as inorganic phosphite-binding specificities. Our results suggest that Prochlorococcus adapt to low-P environments by increasing the number of Pn transporters with different specificities towards phosphite and different Pns.
Post-Traumatic Frontal and Parieto-Occipital Extradural Haematomas: a Retrospective Analysis of 41 Patients and Review of the Literature
Authors: Balik V. , Lehto H. , Hoza D. , Phornsuwannapha S. , Toninelli S. , Romani R. , Sulla I. , Hernesniemi J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyse the differences between patients with frontal (FEDH) or parieto-occipital (POEDH) epidural haematomas and evaluate possible statistically significant prognostic factors.In this retrospective study of a group of 41 patients with a FEDH (17) or POEDH (24 individuals), the authors analysed the influence of gender, age, type of injury, clinical presentation, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score on admission, radiological findings, and time interval from trauma to surgery on outcomes. A good recovery and moderate disability were considered a “good” or “favourable outcome”, whereas severe disability, a vegetative state or death was a “poor outcome”.In the POEDH subgroup, a higher GCS score on admission and a younger age were statistically significant prognostic factors for a better outcome (p=0.006, rs=0.702). In the subgroup of patients with FEDHs, the results were not significant. However, patients with FEDHs more frequently had “good outcomes” than members of the POEDH subgroup (88.2 vs. 70.9%). Children (≤ 18 years old) constituted a smaller portion of the POEDH subgroup (12.5%) than those in the FEDH subgroup (41.2%). The evaluation of time intervals between the accident and surgery (≤ 24 h vs. > 24 h) showed no significant influence on outcomes in any of the studied subgroups. However, patients undergoing surgery within 24 h of their injury had a less favourable GCS score on admission than those operated on more than 24 h after their injury. Subacute and chronic clinical courses predominated in patients with a FEDH (10/17 FEDH vs. 11/22 POEDH). Different accompanying intradural lesions occurred in 12 patients of the POEDH subgroup, but only in 2 of the FEDH subgroup (50 vs. 11.8%). However, the presence of such lesions did not significantly deteriorate surgical outcomes in either of the subgroups.
Do Words Matter? Incongruent Responses to Inconsistently Worded AUDIT-C Alcohol Screening Instruments
Authors: Broyles Lauren Matukaitis , Gordon Adam J. , Sereika Susan M. , Ryan Christopher M. , Erlen Judith A. 
Published: October 2011

The first 3 questions of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) are often used as a brief alcohol screening instrument. However, the implications of common modifications made to the original AUDIT questions and response options have not been considered. The authors examined existing data from a randomized controlled trial of 310 persons with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) that was testing the efficacy of 2 antiretroviral medication adherence interventions. Logistic regression was used to model the probability of participants having inconsistent AUDIT-C item responses. Three patterns of conflicting responses to the AUDIT-C items were identified. Common item modifications resulted in 14% ( n = 48) of the parent study sample reporting conflicting responses across related AUDIT-C items. The odds of having conflicting data were 3 times greater in opioid users (odds ratio [OR] = 3.139, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.267–7.777, P = .01) and greater in persons with higher levels of conscientiousness (OR = 1.053, 95% CI = 1.006–1.103, P = .03). Inconsistent question format and response options may impede proper scoring and interpretation of the AUDIT-C. Further discussion and consensus building are needed on the psychometrically ideal version of the AUDIT-C.
SPINDLY, a Negative Regulator of Gibberellic Acid Signaling, Is Involved in the Plant Abiotic Stress Response
Authors: Qin Feng , Kodaira Ken-Suke , Maruyama Kyonoshin , Mizoi Junya , Tran Lam-Son Phan , Fujita Yasunari , Morimoto Kyoko , Shinozaki Kazuo , Yamaguchi-Shinozaki Kazuko 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe SPINDLY (SPY) gene was first identified as a negative regulator of plant gibberellic acid (GA) signaling because mutation of this gene phenocopies plants treated with an overdose of bioactive GA and results in insensitivity to a GA inhibitor during seed germination. The SPY gene encodes an O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase that can modify the target protein and modulate the protein activity in cells. In this study, we describe the strong salt and drought tolerance phenotypes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) spy-1 and spy-3 mutants in addition to their GA-related phenotypes. SPY gene expression was found to be drought stress inducible and slightly responsive to salt stress. Transcriptome analysis of spy-3 revealed that many GA-responsive genes were up-regulated, which could explain the GA-overdosed phenotype of spy-3. Some stress-inducible genes were found to be up-regulated in spy-3, such as genes encoding late embryogenesis abundant proteins, Responsive to Dehydration20, and AREB1-like transcription factor, which may confer stress tolerance on spy-3. CKX3, a cytokinin (CK) catabolism gene, was up-regulated in spy-3; this up-regulation indicates that the mutant possesses reduced CK signaling, which is consistent with a positive role for SPY in CK signaling. Moreover, overexpression of SPY in transgenics (SPY overexpressing [SPY-OX]) impaired plant drought stress tolerance, opposite to the phenotype of spy. The expression levels of several genes, such as DREB1E/DDF1 and SNH1/WIN1, were decreased in SPY-OX but increased in spy-3. Taken together, these data indicate that SPY plays a negative role in plant abiotic stress tolerance, probably by integrating environmental stress signals via GA and CK cross talk.
Biological effects and clinical significance of lenalidomide‐induced tumour flare reaction in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: in vivo evidence of immune activation and antitumour response
Authors: Chanan‐Khan Asher A. , Chitta Kasyapa , Ersing Noreen , Paulus Aneel , Masood Aisha , Sher Taimur , Swaika Abhisek , Wallace Paul K. , Mashtare Terry L. , Wilding Greg , Lee Kelvin , Czuczman Myron S. , Borrello Ivan , Bangia Naveen 
Published: October 2011

SummaryLenalidomide has demonstrated impressive antileukaemic effects in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The mechanism(s) by which it mediates these effects remain unclear. Clinically, CLL patients treated with lenalidomide demonstrate an acute inflammatory reaction, the tumour flare reaction that is suggestive of an immune activation phenomenon. Samples from CLL patients treated with lenalidomide were used to evaluate its effect on the tumour cell and components of its microenvironment (immune cellular and cytokine). Lenalidomide was unable to directly induce apoptosis in CLL cells in vitro, however it modulated costimulatory (CD80, CD83, CD86) surface molecules on CLL cells in vitro and in vivo. Concurrently, we demonstrated that NK cell proliferation was induced by lenalidomide treatment in patients and correlated with clinical response. Cytokine analysis showed increase in levels of TNF‐α post‐lenalidomide treatment, consistent with acute inflammatory reaction. Furthermore, the basal cytokine profile (high IL‐8, MIG, IP‐10 and IL‐4 levels and low IL‐5, MIP1a, MIP1b, IL12/p70) was predictive of clinical response to lenalidomide. Collectively, our correlative studies provide further evidence that the antileukaemic effect of lenalidomide in CLL is mediated not only through modulation of the leukaemic clone but also through elements of the tumour microenvironment.
The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation in Northern England and its relationship to socioeconomic status and water fluoridation
Authors: BALMER RICHARD , TOUMBA JACK , GODSON JENNY , DUGGAL MONTY 
Published: October 2011

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; 22: 250–257Background.  Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a condition which has significant implications for patients and service provision.Aims.  The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence of MIH in 12‐year olds in Northern England and to consider the relationship with socioeconomic status and background water fluoridation.Design.  Twelve‐year‐old children were examined for the presence of MIH. Participating dentists were trained and calibrated in the use of the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel index. Children were examined at school under direct vision with the aid of a dental mirror. A diagnosis of MIH was attributed to a child if they had a demarcated defect in one or more of their first permanent molars.Results.  Of 4795 children that were selected, 3233 (67.4%) were examined. Overall prevalence of MIH was 15.9% (14.5–17.1%). There was an association between prevalence of MIH and deprivation quintiles with a positive correlation in the first 4 quintiles (P < 0.05). There was no difference in prevalence between fluoridated Newcastle and other areas.Conclusion.  Prevalence of MIH is equivalent to other European populations. Prevalence was related to socioeconomic status but not to background water fluoridation.
Male house mice evolving with post‐copulatory sexual selection sire embryos with increased viability
Authors: Firman Renée C. , Simmons Leigh W. 
Published: October 2011

Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 42–46AbstractAlthough mating is costly, multiple mating by females is a taxonomically widespread phenomenon. Theory has suggested that polyandry may allow females to gain genetic benefits for their offspring, and thus offset the costs associated with this mating strategy. For example, the good sperm hypothesis posits that females benefit from mating multiply when genetically superior males have increased success in sperm competition and produce high quality offspring. We applied the powerful approach of experimental evolution to explore the potential for polyandry to drive evolutionary increases in female fitness in house mice, Mus domesticus. We maintained polygamously mated and monogamously mated selection lines of house mice for 14 generations, before determining whether selection history could account for divergence in embryo viability. We found that males from lineages evolving with post‐copulatory sexual selection sire offspring with increased viability, suggesting that polyandry results in the production of higher quality offspring and thus provides long‐term fitness benefits to females.
A hidden kind of suffering: female patient’s complaints to Patient’s Advisory Committee
Authors: Söderberg Siv , Olsson Malin , Skär Lisa 
Published: October 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 144–150A hidden kind of suffering: female patient’s complaints to Patient’s Advisory CommitteeThe aim of this study was to describe female patients’ experiences of dissatisfaction with healthcare. People who have been treated with dignity during healthcare encounters are more prone to report better adherence to treatment and higher satisfaction with their care. Good quality care is commonly described as individualized and related to individual needs. This study has a qualitative approach, as the aim was to describe female patients’ experiences of dissatisfaction with healthcare from a first person perspective. A purposive sample of fourteen women was interviewed about their experiences of dissatisfaction with healthcare. The interviews were subjected to a qualitative content analysis. The findings show that the women were treated with indifference when they were being withheld information, felt distrusted, and when they were treated badly they did not receive an apology. The findings also show that the women experienced that they did not feel safe when they had no one liable to turn to within the healthcare when the encounter did not correspond to the women’s needs and expectations. The women’s experiences of being withheld explanations can be seen as a violation of their dignity and a hidden suffering from care. In conclusion, the study shows the importance of receiving a personal explanation after filing a complaint about healthcare and recommends that clinics that receive a complaint from a patient should contact that patient and provide an individualized explanation.