bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hypothermic and Sedative Action of Reserpine in the Mouse
Authors: Lessin A W , Parkes M W 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The sedative action of reserpine has been studied by its effects upon the body temperature of the mouse, in comparison with chlorpromazine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Reserpine and chlorpromazine produce hypothermia and sedation in the mouse by interference with the mechanism of temperature regulation, but 5-HT acts in a different manner. The central stimulants, lysergic acid diethylamide, amphetamine and tetrahydro-β-naphthylamine, antagonised the hypothermic effects of reserpine, chlorpromazine and 5-HT. Iproniazid antagonised the hypothermic effects of reserpine, while potentiating those of chlorpromazine and 5-HT. This evidence does not seem to support the hypothesis that the sedative action of reserpine is mediated by 5-HT.
Crystals in the Leaf of Lobelia Inflata Linn
Authors: Wallis T E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The leaves of Lobelia inflata Linn. have been said either to contain crystals of calcium oxalate or to have no crystals of any kind. Other descriptions note the presence of droplets of oil in the mesophyll. This anomalous situation needs clarifying. It is shown that the crystals are fat.
The Assay and Identification of Pyrimethamine and Its Preparations
Authors: Drey R E A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A gravimetric method of assay for pyrimethamine, using phosphotungstic acid as precipitant, is described. Assay procedures are given for three preparations of the drug, viz. Tablets of pyrimethamine, Tablets of pyrimethamine and quinine, and Powder of pyrimethamine and sulphaguanidine. Tests of identity for pyrimethamine, additional to those described in the British Pharmaceutical Codex, are also given.
The Stability of Vitamin B12
Authors: Mukherjee S L , Sen S P 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Vitamin B12 has been found to deteriorate progressively in association with aneurine and nicotinamide in solution over a pH range of 4 to 4·5. The deterioration can be satisfactorily prevented by the use of iron salts, in ferrous, ferric and complex form. Salts of cobalt, manganese, copper and lead do not protect the vitamin from the combined destructive influence of aneurine and nicotinamide in solution.
Losses of Bacteriostats from Injections in Rubber-Closed Containers
Authors: Royce A , Sykes G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The losses of bacteriostats from rubber-closed multidose containers of injections are confirmed, and the mechanism of these losses by absorption, diffusion and volatilisation is discussed. The present B.P. methods of pretreating rubber closures are inadequate, and methods for their more satisfactory equilibration with various bacteriostatic solutions are given. From measurements of the partition ratios of the B.P. bacteriostats and of benzyl alcohol between rubber and water, phenol and benzyl alcohol appear to be the most stable and promising and phenylmercuric nitrate the least stable. The value of using closures equilibrated for phenol and benzyl alcohol is demonstrated and methods for preventing the diffusion losses are discussed.
Some Properties of Mixed Sols of Lecithin and Lysolecithin
Authors: Saunders L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The preparations of pure crystalline lecithin and lysolecithin are described. Mixed sols of these phosphatides have been prepared and their viscosities, stabilities to salts, and haemolytic activities have been examined. The viscosity results indicate a marked interaction between the two compounds in the aqueous sols. The salt stability and haemolysis results are used to support a theory of cell membrane formation.
The Rheology of Oil-In-Water Emulsions
Authors: Axon Arnold 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A microscope cell has been made to examine semi-solid oil-in-water emulsions while flowing in a thin layer. Unautoclaved and autoclaved emulsions from cetyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulphate, liquid paraffin with and without bentonite show differences in the dispersion of the globules. Those in the unautoclaved emulsions are mainly associated, “flocculated”, into loose clusters in which each globule is free to move independently of its neighbours. Composite masses of disperse phase, called agglomerates, are formed in emulsions prepared from a preformed “emulsifying wax” which are absent from emulsions formed by adding sodium lauryl sulphate to the aqueous phase. A compact type of floccule occurs in the autoclaved emulsions containing bentonite. The globules are surrounded by a hydrated layer of bentonite which restricts their movement and provides a mechanical barrier against deformation. Rigidity is supplied by association of the hydrated bentonite particles in a network to form a gel. The globules in the autoclaved emulsions without bentonite are readily deformed and show complete freedom of movement with no association into clusters.
The Determination Of Morphine in Opium and Some of Its Galenical Preparations
Authors: Garratt D C , Johnson C A , Lloyd Cecilia J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A method of assay for morphine in opium depending upon precipitation of the dinitrophenylether with 1-fluoro-2:4-dinitrobenzene has been critically examined. The morphine is first separated from other alkaloids and extraneous matter by elution from an alumina column with an organic solvent and subsequent extraction with alkali. The method, which is rapid, has been applied to many galenical preparations and, in cases where the pharmacopoeial method based on the colorimetric nitroso reactions may give high results, figures in accordance with the expected values have been obtained.
The Pharmacology of Some HydroxybenzylISOQuinoline Derivatives
Authors: Lewis J J , Zoha M S 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
(±)-1-(4′-Hydroxybenzyl(-2-methyl-6-methoxy-7-ethoxy-1:2:3:4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline and its dextrorotatory and laevorotatory isomers and methochloride, (±)-1 -(4′-hydroxybenzyl)-2-methyl-7-methoxy-6-ethoxy-1:2:3:4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline, its laevorotatory isomer and methochloride and a berberine-like compound related to tetrahydroworenine have been tested for curare-like activity. Little activity was noted, but on the rat diaphragm and frog rectus muscle quaternisation of the racemic compounds increased this. The tertiary bases possessed potent convulsant properties.
Observations on the Intravenous Toxicity and Chelating Activity of Sodium Stibogluconate
Authors: Green J , Hickman A C T , Sharpe Helen M , Tomich E G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The optical activity, calcium chelating power and intravenous toxicity, but not the leishmanicidal activity, of a sodium stibogluconate solution varies with pH and age. As the optical rotatory power increases, the calcium chelating property decreases, and the solution becomes less toxic. Solutions of sodium stibogluconate injected intravenously into mice produce hypocalcaemia, which may be the cause of death. Production of hypocalcaemia may be a phenomenon common to many substances with chelating powers, a factor to be considered in the design of comparative toxicity tests.
A NEW SERIES OF POTENT ANALGESICS: Dextro 2:2-diphenyl-3-methyl-4-morpholinobutyrylpyrrolidine and related basic amides: Part II :Comparative analgesic activity, acute toxicity and tolerance development in rats for R875, morphine, pethidine and methadone
Authors: Janssen Paul A J , Jageneau Anton H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The analgesic activity, acute toxicity and development of tolerance of R875, morphine, pethidine and methadone after subcutaneous administration in rats have been measured. In this animal, R875 is shown to be several times more active than the three other compounds. R875 has a faster onset of action, higher therapeutic ratios and a slower rate of development of tolerance.
WATER-SOLUBLE CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES: Factors affecting the Viscosity of Aqueous Dispersions. Part II
Authors: Davies R E M , Rowson J M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A study has been made of the effects of salts, alcohol and surface-active agents, of contamination by micro-organisms, and of storage at various temperatures on the viscosities of aqueous dispersions of methyl-, methylethyl-, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Small concentrations of salts decreased the viscosity of sodium carboxymethylcellulose sols but had no effect on methyl- and methylethylcellulose sols. Larger amounts caused the viscosities of methyl- and methylethylcellulose sols to increase. Industrial methylated spirit, propylene glycol and glycerol increased the viscosities of all dispersions. The effect of sodium lauryl sulphate on sodium carboxymethylcellulose sols was similar to that of salts, and cetrimide precipitated the derivative. Methyl- and methylethylcellulose dispersions increased and then decreased in viscosity with increasing concentrations of sodium lauryl sulphate; cetrimide increased the viscosity. All derivatives were degraded by micro-organisms. The viscosity of preserved dispersions of methyl- and methyethylcellulose altered little over a year. The greatest decreases occurred in the highest viscosity grade samples stored at the highest temperature (30°). All dispersions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose decreased in viscosity over the storage period; storage in light producing the most unstable sols. The pH change of any dispersion on storage was negligible.
THE FLOW PROPERTIES OF STARCH POWDERS AND MIXTURES
Authors: Craik D J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The addition of small proportions of fine powders, particularly magnesium oxide, to maize starch, alters its flow properties in a manner which is contrary to the generally observed effects for fine powders. A measure of this effect is obtained by the angle of repose method and the disposition of the two components of the mixture is observed by the electron microscope. An explanation of this effect in terms of adhesion by Van der Waals' and valency forces is put forward.
THE ANALGESIC ACTION OF NORMORPHINE ADMINISTERED INTRACISTERNALLY TO MICE
Authors: Lockett Mary F , Davis M M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The analgesic action of normorphine developed more rapidly than that of morphine and was, weight for weight, as great as that of morphine, and was as effectively antagonised by N-allylnormorphine when these drugs were administered intracisternally to mice. By this route, more than one molecule of N-allymonnoirphine was required to antagonise the action of one molecule of analgesic drug.
THE PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF SULPHANILAMIDE
Authors: Gemmell D H O , Morrison J C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A test has been designed suitable for the comparison of vehicles and bases as “carriers” of sulphanilamide through the intact skin of rabbits. The blood levels attained were taken as a measure of percutaneous absorption. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the differences in efficiency of the vehicles and bases tested Were highly significant.
A METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF ADRENALINE AND NORADRENALINE IN URINE.
Authors: Crawford T B B , Law W 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A method for the estimation of sympathin (adrenaline plus noradrenaline) in urine is described. The catecholamines are adsorbed on a cation exchange resin, Amberlite IRC-50, and eluted with acid. The sympathin in the eluate is estimated by a fluorimetric method, in which adrenaline and noradrenaline yield the same intensity of fluorescence so that sympathin estimates are uninfluenced by the proportions of the two amines. Estimates of the adrenaline and noradrenaline are obtained after separation of the amines in the urine extract by paper chromatography. A mean recovery of 82 per cent (±6 per cent S.D. (51)) was obtained when adrenaline or noradrenaline (2–5000 μg.) was added to a urine sample analysed for sympathin content. Estimation of the separated amines from mixtures of adrenaline or noradrenaline (2–15 μg. of either amine) showed a mean recovery of 51 per cent (±9 per cent S.D. (10)). Experimental evidence is presented of the validity of applying appropriate correction factors to analytical results, the correction factors being determined by recovery experiments run concurrently with each series of estimations. The specificity of the method is discussed briefly.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CONSTITUENTS OF DIGITALIS PURPUREA
Authors: Harkiss K J , Rigby G J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Increase in the concentration of ethanol or the inclusion of methanol, ethylene glycol or glycerol in the alkaline 3:5-dinitrobenzoic acid assay for digitalis glycosides, progressively reduces the maximum optical density of the reaction mixture. The constituents of mixtures of two digitalis glycosides have been separated by paper partition chromatography and recovered. The percentage recoveries obtained lay between 90 and 110 per cent of the quantity taken. The concentrations of four named glycosides in samples of powdered D. purpurea have been estimated by chromatographic separation followed by chemical assay. Estimates of the biological activity represented by the concentrations of these four constituents in each of the leaf samples have been made; the total biological activity of each leaf sample estimated in this way was found to be approximately half of the total biological activity of the whole leaf sample, as estimated by direct biological assay.
COUNTER-CURRENT SEPARATION OF CONSTITUENTS OF DIGITALIS PURPUREA
Authors: Harkiss K J , Rigby G J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Mixtures of some glycosides of Digitalis purpurea have been partitioned in a mixture of ethyl acetate, benzene and water by counter-current distribution. The “A” and “B” series of primary glycosides were separated from the corresponding secondary glycosides. The partition ratio of each of the glycosides has been determined and used to calculate the theoretical distribution curve: this closely resembled the experimentally determined curve. Deviation of the “experimental” from the “theoretical” curve for digitoxin has been attributed to the presence of gitoxin in the sample.
CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF ESTERS OF METHYLPENTYNOL AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: Barnes J H , McCrea P A , Marshall P G , Sheahan Mary M , Walsh Pamela A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The narcotic action of a range of methylpentynol esters has been investigated. In general, esterification reduces or abolishes narcotic activity, but the carbamate possesses increased and more prolonged activity and higher oral toxicity than the parent carbinol, though their therapeutic indices are similar. Contrary to previous claims, the N-methyl carbamate is inactive by our method of test. Carbamates of methylpentynol homologues and near relatives also possess increased narcotic properties compared with the parent carbinols. The anticonvulsant properties of methylpentynyl carbamate against leptazol in mice are superior to those of aloxidone. Chronic toxicity tests in mice over 4 to 5 months have shown no untoward effects, and the average weight gain follows a normal pattern: there is no effect on blood pressure or respiration in therapeutic doses. Methylpentynyl carbamate shows no analgesic activity on intravenous administration in mice compared with that of salicylamide. Bemegride acts as an antagonist. A new method2 for the preparation of carbamates of tertiary alcohols is described.
THE PHARMACOLOGY OF PROPIONYL ATROPINE METHYL NITRATE
Authors: Herman Laura , Shaw F H , Rosenblum E I 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A series of esters of atropine and hyoscine, both in the tertiary and quaternary form, have been examined for their muscarinic and ganglionic blocking and neuromuscular transmission inhibiting activity. In addition the effect on the gastric secretion has been studied by the Shay rat method. Figures are also given for toxicities. In general, the pharmacology of the quaternary derivatives is qualitatively and quantitatively the same as the parent substances. The quaternary compounds retain a considerable amount of their tertiary activity but in addition become relatively strong ganglionic blocking agents. Most of the compounds reduce the volume and acidity of the gastric juice.
THE ACTION OF PROPIONYL ATROPINE METHYL NITRATE ON GASTRIC FUNCTION
Authors: Herman Laura , Shaw F H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A quaternary compound, propionyl atropine methyl nitrate, previously demonstrated to have muscarinic and ganglionic blocking properties has been shown to decrease the volume and acidity of the gastric juice in man. Using a variation of the glucose tolerance test the compound was also shown to reduce the motility of the alimentary tract. Side effects due to parasympathetic blockade were in most cases absent at the doses used. A clinical trial with 26 cases of peptic ulcer has resulted in a complete alleviation of symptoms without the production of side actions. In six cases the trial has extended for six months without the development of tolerance.
VEGETABLE PURGATIVES CONTAINING ANTHRACENE DERIVATIVES: Part VIII.—The Paper Chromatography of Certain Anthraquinones and their Glycosides
Authors: Betts T J , Fairbairn J W , Mital V K 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A simple paper chromatographic technique, using toluene alone as a running solvent, is described for identifying free anthraquinone compounds in crude drugs. A second system is described for anthraquinone glycosides: the running solvent is the lower aqueous phase of a water: acetone: benzene mixture. This system was found particularly successful for cascara bark Rhamnus purshiana D.C. as it readily revealed the presence of at least three anthraquinone glycosides.
THE DETERMINATION OF MERCURY OXYCYANIDE
Authors: Wilson F Pamela , Ingle P H B , Butler C G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The reaction between mercuric oxycyanide and hydrochloric acid, in the presence of certain salts, has been examined. The reaction between potassium thiocyanate and mercuric oxide in aqueous solution appears to go to completion. The reaction between mercuric cyanide and potassium iodide (or sodium thiosulphate) is complete in the presence of formaldehyde. These reactions form the basis of a method for the determination of mercuric oxycyanide which is considered more satisfactory and accurate than that in the British Pharmacopoeia, 1953.
THE MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN SMALL ANIMALS
Authors: Harvey D G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An apparatus is described which can be employed for the measurement of the oxygen consumption of one to six small animals in the weight range 25–500 g. The normal oxygen consumption of mice, rats and guinea pigs at 25° has been determined. The values obtained agree adequately with those of others. Evidence is given to support a claim that the guinea pig is, in some ways, a more suitable animal for the assay of metabolic stimulants than the rat or the mouse. Preliminary experiments have been made on the stimulant action of dinitrophenol and thyroxine on the oxygen consumption of guinea pigs.
COLORIMETRIC ESTIMATION OF DIGITALIS GLYCOSIDES WITH 2:4-DINITRODIPHENYLSULPHONE
Authors: Tattje D H E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The reaction is carried out as follows. The glycoside or aglycone, dissolved in 4ml. of ethanol, is mixed with 5 ml. of a 0&#x006d;̇075 per cent solution of 2:4-dinitrodiphenylsulphone in ethanol followed by 1 ml. of 0&#x006d;̇15N sodium hydroxide. Colour density is measured in a 0&#x006d;̇5 cm. cell at 20° at a wavelength of 6,000 Å against a blank prepared as the reaction mixture but omitting the glycoside or aglycone. Maximum extinction values of digitoxigenin and of gitoxigenin, boiled with 0&#x006d;̇4N acid, are obtained 3 minutes after adding the sodium hydroxide to the reaction mixture. When digitoxin or digitoxigenin are examined without any pre-treatment with boiling acid, maximum colour is obtained 5&#x006d;̇5 and 4&#x006d;̇5 minutes respectively after addition of the alkali. Molar extinctions of digitoxin and of digitoxigenin are 23,200 and 24,400 respectively: after boiling with 0&#x006d;̇4N acid the molar extinctions of digitoxigenin and gitoxigenin are 29,100 and 18,100 respectively. The values are much higher than those obtained with other reagents. A reduction in the ethanol concentration of the reaction mixture only exerts a slight influence on the maximum extinction.
THE MODE OF ACTION OF CHLORINATED BISPHENOL ANTIBACTERIALS: Part II. Biological Studies
Authors: Adams J B , Hobbs Marjory 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
2:2′-Thiobis(4:6-dichlorphenol) has been found to be bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus in distilled water at a dilution of one part per million. In contrast to oxine, it is not dependent on the presence of trace elements in the medium for activity. The bactericidal concentration was the same against Staph. aureus in nutrient broth which was rendered deficient in metal ions. The crystalline copper and iron chelates of the chelating agent were found to show the same bacteriostatic activity as the agent itself against Staph. aureus. However dilution of solutions of these chelates with a large volume of water was found to cause some breakdown to a mixture of agent and metal chelate. Thiobisdichlorphenol and hexachlorophene are suppressed in their action on Staph. aureus by ferrous ions, but not by a number of other cations tested. In this, they parallel the behaviour of the tetracycline group of antibiotics. The suggestion has been made that thiobisdichlorphenol and hexachlorophene owe their antibacterial action to an inhibition of certain metal requiring enzyme systems.
ON THE ASSAY OF THROMBIN PREPARATIONS
Authors: Jorpes Erik , Vrethammar Torbjörn , ÖHman Bengt , Blombäck Birger 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Different techniques of assaying thrombic activity have been compared. The relative strength of three commercial thrombin preparations has been compared with that of an arbitrary standard. Heparinized plasma as used by Burstein and Guinand and TAME, toluene-sulphonyl-arginine methyl ester, as used by Sherry and Troll are both unsuitable as clotting substrates. Only purified fibrinogen can be used. Fibrinogen prepared according to M. and B. Blombäck proved to be suitable, giving only 3–7 per cent error in the thrombin determinations. It is suggested that the strength of the thrombin standard should be expressed by its capacity to split N-terminal glutamic acid from fibrinogen with the appearance of N-terminal glycine.
THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID AND DERIVATIVES
Authors: Finney R S H , Somers G F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The anti-inflammatory activities of different fractions of glycyrrhetinic acid or glycyrrhetic acid and some of its derivatives have been assessed in laboratory animals. Some, but not all, preparations have been found to be active using four established methods for testing anti-inflammatory drugs. The findings provide a scientific basis for the clinical use of these compounds in inflammatory diseases, and may explain the discrepancies in the early clinical trials with this drug.
DETERMINATION OF NARCOTINE AND PAPAVERINE BY INFRA-RED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND NON-AQUEOUS TITRATION
Authors: Kum-Tatt Lee , Rockerbie Russell A , Levi Leo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An infra-red spectrophotometric method for the determination of narcotine in the presence of papaverine in carbon tetrachloride or chloroform solution is described. The carbonyl group of the lactone ring present in narcotine displays strong absorption at 1760 cm. −1 and the intensity of the band observed at this wavelength provides an index of the concentration of the narcotic. By conventional nonaqueous titration the amount of both alkaloids may be estimated quantitatively and the papaverine content of a mixture obtained readily by difference.