bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring genomic profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Woo Hyun Goo , Park Eun Sung , Thorgeirsson Snorri S. , Kim Yoon Jun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGene expression profiling using microarray technologies provides a powerful approach to understand complex biological systems and the pathogenesis of diseases. In the field of liver cancer research, a number of genome‐wide profiling studies have been published. These studies have provided gene sets, that is, signature, which could classify tumors and predict clinical outcomes such as survival, recurrence, and metastasis. More recently, the application of genomic profiling has been extended to identify molecular targets, pathways, and the cellular origins of the tumors. Systemic and integrative analyses of multiple data sets and emerging new technologies also accelerate the progress of the cancer genomic studies. Here, we review the genomic signatures identified from the genomic profiling studies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and categorize and characterize them into prediction, phenotype, function, and molecular target signatures according to their utilities and properties. Our classification of the signatures would be helpful to understand and design studies with extended application of genomic profiles. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The selective mu‐opioid receptor antagonist adl5510 reduces levodopa‐induced dyskinesia without affecting antiparkinsonian action in mptp‐lesioned macaque model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Koprich James B. , Fox Susan H. , Johnston Tom H. , Goodman Allan , Le Bourdonnec Bertrand , Dolle Roland E. , DeHaven Robert N. , DeHaven‐Hudkins Diane L. , Little Patrick J. , Brotchie Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn Parkinson's disease (PD), dyskinesia develops following long‐term treatment with 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐dopa). Given the prominent role of the opioid system in basal ganglia function, nonselective opioid receptor antagonists have been tested for antidyskinetic efficacy in the clinic (naltrexone and naloxone), although without success. In the current study, ADL5510, a novel, orally active opioid antagonist with mu opioid receptor selectivity, was examined in L‐dopa‐treated 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) macaques. Antidyskinetic effects were compared with those of naltrexone. Parkinsonian monkeys with established L‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia (LID) received acute challenges with L‐dopa (subcutaneously) in combination with either vehicle, ADL5510 (0.1, 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg by mouth), or naltrexone (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg subcutaneously). Following treatments, behavior was monitored for 6 hours. Parameters assessed were total activity, parkinsonism, and dyskinesia. ADL5510 (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) reduced activity and LID (chorea and dystonia) without affecting the antiparkinsonian benefits of L‐dopa. The antidyskinetic effect of ADL5510 showed a U‐shaped dose–response. It was inactive at 0.1 mg/kg, efficacious at 1 and 3 mg/kg (72% and 40% reductions, respectively), and then less effective at 10 mg/kg. The quality of ON time produced by L‐dopa was improved, as indicated by a reduction in the percentage of ON time spent experiencing disabling dyskinesia (70% and 61% reductions with 1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively, compared with L‐dopa). Naltrexone, in contrast, did not alleviate LID or affect the antiparkinsonian actions of L‐dopa. Mu‐selective opioid antagonists have the potential to form the basis of novel antidyskinetic therapies for PD. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Vestibular impairment and adaptive postural imbalance in parkinsonian patients with lateral trunk flexion
Authors: Vitale Carmine , Marcelli Vincenzo , Furia Teresa , Santangelo Gabriella , Cozzolino Autilia , Longo Katia , Allocca Roberto , Amboni Marianna , Marciano Elio , Barone Paolo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLateral trunk flexion is a very common clinical observation in patients affected by Parkinson's disease. Postural control is known to depend on vestibular, visual, and somatosensory information. The aim of this study was to investigate whether impairment of vestibular function can account for the postural alterations observed in parkinsonian patients with lateral trunk flexion. We evaluated vestibular function in 11 parkinsonian patients with lateral trunk flexion and in 11 age‐, sex‐, and disease duration–matched patients without lateral trunk flexion. The following vestibular tests were performed: infrared videonystagmography including fast and slow ocular movements, spontaneous‐positional and evoked nystagmus search with and without visual fixation, fast positioning maneuvers, the bithermal caloric test, and the vibration test. A peripheral, unilateral vestibular hypofunction was identified in all patients with lateral trunk flexion. The vestibular hypofunction was ipsilateral to the leaning side and contralateral to the most affected parkinsonian side in all patients. In the control group, 7 subjects had no vestibular signs; 4 subjects had unilateral vestibular hypofunction without clinically evident lateral trunk flexion. Two of the latter patients subsequently developed lateral trunk flexion ipsilateral to the vestibular deficit and contralateral to the side most affected by Parkinson's disease. The processing of vestibular information was impaired in parkinsonian patients affected by lateral trunk flexion. The impairment was at least in part responsible for the patients' postural abnormality. We propose that the acronym PISA (Postural Imbalance Syndrome with vestibular Alterations) be used to describe the specific postural change observed in parkinsonian patients affected by a vestibular defect and lateral trunk flexion. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Toxicology and risk assessment of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in food
Authors: Abraham Klaus , Gürtler Rainer , Berg Katharina , Heinemeyer Gerhard , Lampen Alfonso , Appel Klaus E. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) as a product of the Maillard reaction is found in many foods. Estimated intakes range between 4 and 30 mg per person and day, while an intake of up to 350 mg can result from, e.g., beverages made from dried plums. In vitro genotoxicity was positive when the metabolic preconditions for the formation of the reactive metabolite 5‐sulphoxymethylfurfural were met. However, so far in vivo genotoxicity was negative. Results obtained in short‐term model studies for 5‐HMF on the induction of neoplastic changes in the intestinal tract were negative or cannot be reliably interpreted as “carcinogenic”. In the only long‐term carcinogenicity study in rats and mice no tumours or their precursory stages were induced by 5‐HMF aside from liver adenomas in female mice, the relevance of which must be viewed as doubtful. Hence, no relevance for humans concerning carcinogenic and genotoxic effects can be derived. The remaining toxic potential is rather low. Various animal experiments reveal that no adverse effect levels are in the range of 80–100 mg/kg body weight and day. Safety margins are generally sufficient. However, 5‐HMF exposure resulting from caramel colours used as food additives should be further evaluated.
Cocoa‐enriched diets modulate intestinal and systemic humoral immune response in young adult rats
Authors: Pérez‐Berezo Teresa , Franch Angels , Ramos‐Romero Sara , Castellote Cristina , Pérez‐Cano Francisco J. , Castell Margarida 
Published: April 2011

AbstractScope: Previous studies have shown that a highly enriched cocoa diet affects both intestinal and systemic immune function in young rats. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether diets containing lower amounts of cocoa could also influence the systemic and intestinal humoral immune response.Methods and results: Fecal and serum samples were collected during the study and, at the end, intestinal washes were obtained and mesenteric lymph nodes and small‐intestine walls were excised for gene expression assessment. IgA, IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG2c concentrations were quantified in serum whereas S‐IgA and S‐IgM were determined in feces and intestinal washes. Animals receiving 5 and 10% cocoa for 3 wk showed no age‐related increase in serum IgG1 and IgG2a concentrations, and IgG2a values were significantly lower than those in reference animals. Serum IgM was also decreased by the 10% cocoa diet. The 5 and 10% cocoa diets dramatically reduced intestinal S‐IgA concentration and modified the expression of several genes involved in IgA synthesis. A diet containing 2% cocoa had no effect on most of the studied variables.Conclusion: The results demonstrate the downregulatory effect of a 5% or higher cocoa diet on the systemic and intestinal humoral immune response in adult rats.
Low‐dimensional‐structure self‐learning and thresholding: Regularization beyond compressed sensing for MRI Reconstruction
Authors: Akçakaya Mehmet , Basha Tamer A. , Goddu Beth , Goepfert Lois A. , Kissinger Kraig V. , Tarokh Vahid , Manning Warren J. , Nezafat Reza 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAn improved image reconstruction method from undersampled k‐space data, low‐dimensional‐structure self‐learning and thresholding (LOST), which utilizes the structure from the underlying image is presented. A low‐resolution image from the fully sampled k‐space center is reconstructed to learn image patches of similar anatomical characteristics. These patches are arranged into “similarity clusters,” which are subsequently processed for dealiasing and artifact removal, using underlying low‐dimensional properties. The efficacy of the proposed method in scan time reduction was assessed in a pilot coronary MRI study. Initially, in a retrospective study on 10 healthy adult subjects, we evaluated retrospective undersampling and reconstruction using LOST, wavelet‐based l1‐norm minimization, and total variation compressed sensing. Quantitative measures of vessel sharpness and mean square error, and qualitative image scores were used to compare reconstruction for rates of 2, 3, and 4. Subsequently, in a prospective study, coronary MRI data were acquired using these rates, and LOST‐reconstructed images were compared with an accelerated data acquisition using uniform undersampling and sensitivity encoding reconstruction. Subjective image quality and sharpness data indicate that LOST outperforms the alternative techniques for all rates. The prospective LOST yields images with superior quality compared with sensitivity encoding or l1‐minimization compressed sensing. The proposed LOST technique greatly improves image reconstruction for accelerated coronary MRI acquisitions. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An octaguanidine–morpholino oligo conjugate improves muscle function of mdx mice
Authors: Widrick Jeffrey J. , Jiang Shan , Choi Seung Jun , Knuth Shannon T. , Morcos Paul A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Skeletal muscles of mdx mice lack functional levels of dystrophin due to a mutation in Dmd exon 23. Morpholino antisense oligomers can induce expression of a truncated dystrophin by redirecting splicing to skip processing of exon 23. Methods: We tested whether systemic administration of Vivo‐Morpholino, an octaguanidine delivery moiety–Morpholino conjugate that targets exon 23 (VMO23), restored function to muscles of mdx mice. Results: Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of mdx mice were weaker, less powerful, and showed greater functional deficits after eccentric contractions than normal. VMO23 treatment normalized EDL force and power of mdx mice and eliminated their exaggerated sensitivity to eccentric contractions. Diaphragm muscle strips from mdx mice also produced lower‐than‐normal force and power, and these variables were restored to normal, or near‐normal, levels by VMO23 treatment. Conclusion: These results provide a functional basis for continuing development of VMO23 as a treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Liquid formulation of pentoxifylline is a poorly tolerated treatment for duchenne dystrophy
Authors: Zimmerman Angela , Clemens Paula R. , Tesi‐Rocha Carolina , Connolly Anne , Iannaccone Susan T. , Kuntz Nancy , Arrieta Adrienne , Hache Lauren , Henricson Erik , Hu Fengming , Mayhew Jill , Escolar Diana M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntroduction: In this study we performed an open‐label, pilot study of an orally administered liquid formulation of immediate‐release pentoxifylline (PTX) on patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Treatment efficacy, safety, and tolerability were assessed. Methods: The tolerability and safety of PTX and measures of muscle strength and function were evaluated during 12 months of treatment. Results: Seventeen boys with DMD, between 4 and 8 years of age, were enrolled at one of five Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (CINRG) centers. Only 9 were able to complete the 12‐month PTX treatment phase; the primary reason for discontinuation was adverse events. Intolerable gastrointestinal side effects were experienced by 65% of participants. Two participants had severe leukopenia that resolved with medication withdrawal. Conclusions: Open‐label treatment with a liquid formulation of immediate‐release PTX resulted in a high incidence of adverse events in boys with DMD. Poor tolerability of this PTX formulation precluded adequate assessment of efficacy. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Incentive‐rewarding mechanism to stimulate activities in social networking services
Authors: Yogo Kazufumi , Shinkuma Ryoichi , Konishi Taku , Itaya Satoko , Doi Shinichi , Yamada Keiji , Takahashi Tatsuro 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYWe have developed an incentive‐rewarding mechanism that stimulates activities in social networking services (SNSs), including content uploading and link establishment. We particularly focus on changing the reward assignment ratio based on the different risks users perceive when uploading content with different privacy settings: public‐open and friend‐limited. Learning‐based simulation allowed us to observe that SNS activity, which we measured as the amount of browsed content within a certain period, can be controlled by a rewarding assignment ratio. We then analyzed how the amount of uploaded content and the increase of established links affect SNS activity. Results suggested that the optimal reward assignment ratio to maximize SNS activity changes depending on the total amount of available reward resources. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The interfacial enhancement of LLDPE/whisker composites via interfacial crystallization
Authors: Ning Nanying , Deng Hua , Luo Feng , Zhang Qin , Wang Ke , Chen Feng , Fu Qiang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInterfacial interaction plays a key role in the preparation of high performance polymer composites. In this work, in order to explore the possibility to enhance the interfacial interaction via interfacial crystallization of polymer matrix onto the filler surface, interfacial crystallization structure and mechanical properties of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/whisker composites were investigated. The composites were firstly prepared by melt compounding, followed by processing in both traditional and dynamic injection molding. DSC, WAXD, SEM were used to characterize the interfacial crystallization structure. And the mechanical properties were measured by tensile testing. An imperfect shish‐calabash structure, with whisker served as shish, and irregular LLDPE spherulite as imperfect calabash, was formed during common injection molding processing. Such a structure was considered as the main reason for the strong interfacial adhesion and the obviously improved tensile strength and modulus. Furthermore, introducing shear could cause the formation of relatively perfect shish‐calabash structure, leading to the stronger interfacial adhesion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guideline for the classification of the acute emetogenic potential of antineoplastic medication in pediatric cancer patients
Authors: Dupuis L. Lee , Boodhan Sabrina , Sung Lillian , Portwine Carol , Hain Richard , McCarthy Patricia , Holdsworth Mark 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis guideline provides clinicians caring for children with an approach to assessing the acute emetogenic potential of antineoplastic therapies. It was developed by an international, inter‐professional panel of clinicians and researchers using AGREE and CAN‐ADAPTE methods. The emetogenicity of antineoplastic agents was evaluated and ranked as high, moderate, low, or minimal. The emetogenicity of multiple‐agent and multiple‐day antineoplastic therapy was also classified. Gaps in the evidence used to underpin the guideline recommendations were identified. The contribution of this guideline to the prevention of antineoplastic‐induced nausea and vomiting in individual children about to receive antineoplastic therapy requires prospective evaluation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 191–198. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among pediatric leukemia patients in Malaysia
Authors: Hamidah Alias , Wong Chee‐Yeng , Tamil Azmi M. , Zarina Latiff A. , Zulkifli Zakaria S. , Jamal Rahman 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundHealth‐Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in pediatric leukemia patients in Malaysia has not been studied before. This was mainly due to a lack of databases on patients in the past. Many patients abandoned treatment or were lost to follow up. With more children now fully compliant and completing treatment nowadays, with higher cure rate, HRQOL has become important for our patients. The purpose of the current study was to determine the HRQOL scores in children with acute leukemia and to compare the scores for those on maintenance chemotherapy with those off‐treatment as well as to determine factors which might affect HRQOL.MethodsSeventy‐seven children in a pediatric oncology center in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia diagnosed with acute leukemia were consecutively enrolled, of whom 22 were on maintenance chemotherapy and 55 off‐treatment. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) Scales were used to assess HRQOL.ResultsChildren on maintenance chemotherapy had significantly lower child self‐report HRQOL scores across all domains (P < 0.001) especially psychosocial health compared with those who were off‐treatment. Also, parents with children on maintenance chemotherapy reported significantly lower HRQOL scores across all domains (P < 0.05) except social functioning compared with parents with children off‐treatment. Younger child age was associated with lower parent proxy‐report total score (P = 0.007)ConclusionsPediatric acute leukemia patients on maintenance chemotherapy experienced significantly poorer HRQOL compared to those off‐treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;57:105–109. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
One‐step Separation of Three Flavonoids from Poacynum hendersonii by High‐speed Counter‐current Chromatography
Authors: Shi Junyou , Li Guoliang , Wang Honglun , Zheng Jie , Suo Yourui , You Jinmao , Liu Yongjun 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionOwing to them having the same traditional name, the leaves of Apoacynum venetum and Poacynum hendersonii are used indiscriminately in some areas of China. Although a series of studies have been conducted on Apoacynum venetum, there are only a few studies on Poacynum hendersonii.ObjectiveTo develop an efficient method for the preparative isolation and purification of flavonoids from the leaves of Poacynum hendersonii by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC).MethodologyPowdered Poacynum hendersonii lead was extracted three times with 75% ethanol at 60 °C for 3 h. The distribution constant (KD) was measured to select an optimal two‐phase solvent system for HSCCC separation. The purities of the target compounds were tested using HPLC and their structures were identified by 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR.ResultsUsing a two‐phase solvent system composed of n‐butanol–petroleum ether–0.5% acetic acid (5:3:5, v/v), three main flavonoids, i.e. isoquercitrin, quercetin‐3‐O‐sophoroside and quercetin‐3‐O‐(6′′‐O‐malonyl)‐β‐d‐glucoside, were separated from 240 mg crude sample in a one‐step separation by using HSCCC method. After further purification with a Sepdex‐LH20 column, 5.7 mg isoquercitrin (LC purity 98.72%), 4.9 mg quercetin‐3‐O‐sophoroside (LC purity 99.06%) and 7.4 mg quercetin‐3‐O‐(6′′‐O‐malonyl)‐β‐d‐glucoside (LC purity 99.31%) were obtained, respectively.ConclusionThe optimised high‐speed counter‐current chromatography method is fast, simple and efficient for the preparative separation of flavonoids from the leave of Poacynum hendersonii. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Flavonoids in Spirodela polyrrhiza by High‐performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Qiao Xue , He Wen‐ni , Xiang Cheng , Han Jian , Wu Li‐jun , Guo De‐an , Ye Min 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionSpirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid. is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of influenza. Despite its wide use in Chinese medicine, no report on quality control of this herb is available so far.ObjectiveTo establish qualitative and quantitative analytical methods by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) for the quality control of S. polyrrhiza.MethodologyThe methanol extract of S. polyrrhiza was analysed by HPLC/ESI‐MSn. Flavonoids were identified by comparing with reference standards or according to their MSn (n = 2–4) fragmentation behaviours. Based on LC/MS data, a standardised HPLC fingerprint was established by analysing 15 batches of commercial herbal samples. Furthermore, quantitative analysis was conducted by determining five major flavonoids, namely luteolin 8‐C‐glucoside, apigenin 8‐C‐glucoside, luteolin 7‐O‐glucoside, apigenin 7‐O‐glucoside and luteolin.ResultsA total of 18 flavonoids were identified by LC/MS, and 14 of them were reported from this herb for the first time. The HPLC fingerprints contained 10 common peaks, and could differentiate good quality batches from counterfeits. The total contents of five major flavonoids in S. polyrrhiza varied significantly from 4.28 to 19.87 mg/g.ConclusionQualitative LC/MS and quantitative HPLC analytical methods were established for the comprehensive quality control of S. polyrrhiza. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparative Isolation and Purification of Seven Isoflavones from Belamcanda chinensis
Authors: Lee Yeon Sil , Kim Seon Ha , Kim Jin Kyu , Lee Sanghyun , Jung Sang Hoon , Lim Soon Sung 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionIsoflavonoids from Belamcanda chinensis are known to have a number of physiological benefits including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐angiogenic and anti‐mutagenic properties. However, there have been no reports on the effective isolation and purification of isoflavonoids from B. chinensis.ObjectiveTo develop an efficient method for the preparative isolation and purification of isoflavones from B. chinensis by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC).MethodologyA two‐step HSCCC isolation method was developed using solvent system of n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–2‐propanol–methanol–water (5:6:2:3.5:6, v/v) and of ethyl acetate–methanol–water (10:2:9, v/v). FLASH purification system (45% methanol, isocratic) was also used for further purification. The purities and chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection (HPLC‐PDA), electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), 1H‐ and 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) and nuclear overhauser enhancement (NOE).ResultsHSCCC was successfully used for the preparative separation and purification of seven isoflavones, including tectoridin (145.4 mg, 97.5%), iridin (77.9 mg, 94.0%), irilin D (42.0 mg, 92.0%), tectorigenin (294.1 mg, 98.6%), iristectorigenin A (86.8 mg, 93.4%), irigenin (141.8 mg, 95.8%) and irisflorentin (73.4 mg, 94.7%) from the rhizomes of B. chinensis.ConclusionTwo isoflavone glycosides and five isoflavone derivatives were successfully isolated and purified from the crude methanol extract of dried rhizomes of the B. chinensis by HSCCC. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.