bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphoglucose isomerase genotype effects on life history depend on latitude and food stress
Authors: De Block Marjan , Stoks Robby 
Published: June 2012

Summary1.Phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi) genotypes differ in life‐history traits and shifts in their frequencies are thought to contribute to latitudinal gradients in life history. Yet, it is unstudied whether the life‐history effects of Pgi are invariant across latitudes. Further, while genetic variation at the Pgi locus is thought to be maintained by genotype‐by‐environment interactions and by life‐history trade‐offs involving resource allocation, the effects of food stress on Pgi genotype effects are largely unstudied.2.We compared Pgi allozyme genotype effects on life history between northern and southern populations of the damselfly Ischnura elegans in a common garden experiment where we manipulated food stress.3.Pgi genotypes differed in larval development time and body mass, but neither in larval growth rates nor in adult life span.4.The effect of the Pgi genotype on larval development time differed between latitudes, suggesting interactions with the latitude‐specific genetic background and/or maternal effects. Pgi genotype effects on both development time and body mass were dependent on food stress and indicated a trade‐off between both fitness‐related traits associated with the Pgi gene.5.The newly identified interaction between the Pgi genotype and latitude, the poorly studied Pgi genotype‐by‐food stress interactions and the observed life‐history trade‐offs associated with the Pgi genotypes can all potentially contribute to maintaining genetic variation at the Pgi locus and to latitudinal patterns in life history. Both types of interactions may also explain the poorly understood differences in the Pgi genotype effects on life history among studies of the same species.
Feasibility of short message service to document bleeding episodes in children with haemophilia
Authors: Broderick C. R. , Herbert R. D. , Latimer J. , Mathieu E. , van Doorn N. , Curtin J. A. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe increasing emphasis on home‐based treatment for the management of children with haemophilia has meant that many of these children no longer regularly report to a medical facility. Consequently, it is difficult to monitor incidence of bleeding episodes. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a short message service (SMS) to monitor incidence of bleeding episodes in children with haemophilia. One hundred and four children with moderate and severe haemophilia A or B took part in a 1‐year prospective study between 2008 and 2010. Children or their parents were asked to maintain a bleeds diary. They received a weekly SMS asking whether there had been a bleeding episode in the preceding week. Response rates were calculated. Children were followed for a total of 4839 person‐weeks. SMS replies were received for 4201 weeks. Thus, the rate of follow‐up was 86.8%. Median responses rates were 94.2% (IQR: 86.1–100%). Weekly SMS is a feasible reporting tool for documenting bleeding episodes in children with haemophilia. It is associated with high response rates and minimal expense and intrusion. The use of SMS could be extended to encourage compliance to prophylactic treatment, particularly in adolescents with haemophilia.
Daily dosing prophylaxis for haemophilia: a randomized crossover pilot study evaluating feasibility and efficacy
Authors: Lindvall K. , Astermark J. , Björkman S. , Ljung R. , Carlsson K. S. , Persson S. , Berntorp E. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryRegular replacement therapy (prophylaxis) for haemophilia has been shown to prevent development of disabling arthropathy and to provide a better quality of life compared to treatment on demand; however, at a substantially higher cost. Calculations based on pharmacokinetic principles have shown that shortening dose intervals may reduce cost. The aim of this prospective, randomized, crossover pilot study was to address whether daily dosing is feasible, if it reduces concentrate consumption and is as effective in preventing bleeding as the standard prophylactic dosing regimen. In a 12 + 12 month crossover study, 13 patients were randomized to start either their own previously prescribed standard dose, or daily dosing adjusted to maintain at least the same trough levels as obtained with the standard dose. Ten patients completed the study. A 30% reduction in cost of factor concentrates was achieved with daily prophylaxis. However, the number of bleeding events increased in some patients in the daily dosing arm and patients reported decreased quality of life during daily prophylaxis. Daily treatment had a greater impact on daily life, and the patients found it more stressful.Prophylaxis with daily dosing may be feasible and efficacious in some patients. A substantial reduction of factor consumption and costs can be realized, but larger studies are needed before the introduction of daily prophylaxis into clinical routine can be recommended.
Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma: a clinicopathological study with identification of potential diagnostic mimics
Authors: Quinn Anne Marie , Blackhall Fiona , Wilson Godfrey , Danson Sarah , Clamp Andrew , Ashcroft Linda , Brierley Judith , Hasleton Philip 
Published: June 2012

Quinn A M, Blackhall F, Wilson G, Danson S, Clamp A, Ashcroft L, Brierley J & Hasleton P  (2012) Histopathology 61, 454–464Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma: a clinicopathological study with identification of potential diagnostic mimicsAims:  To evaluate the clinicopathological features of small cell carcinoma arising outside the lung.Methods and results:  Thirty‐seven cases with a pathology diagnosis of extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC) were selected. The clinical notes were reviewed and tumour blocks were selected for a fresh haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) section and immunohistochemical stains. The most common tumour locations were cervix and bladder. Twenty‐five cases (68%) were finally diagnosed as EPSCC, nine of which were found with coexisting non small cell carcinoma. Two cases (5%) were diagnosed as large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the cervix. The remainder was classified as 10 poorly differentiated carcinomas (PDCs) (27%). Positive staining for thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF‐1) was noted in nine cases of EPSCC and in none of the cases of PDC (P = 0.034). Synaptophysin immunoreactivity was found in 20 cases of EPSCC and two cases of PDC with neuroendocrine differentiation (P = 0.002), as well as two cases of LCNEC. 34βE12 was positive in eight cases of SCC and two cases of PDC.Conclusions:  Based on this series, EPSCC may be overdiagnosed. Immunohistochemistry for TTF‐1, used in combination with synaptophysin, may help to discriminate EPSCC from PDC.
Brewer’s spent grain as a functional ingredient for breadsticks
Authors: Ktenioudaki Anastasia , Chaurin Valérie , Reis Sofia F. , Gallagher Eimear 
Published: June 2012

SummaryBrewer’s spent grain (BSG) was evaluated for its potential as a functional baking ingredient. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the microstructure of BSG and wheat flours. Baked snacks (breadsticks) were prepared using 15%, 25% and 35% BSG and evaluated for their baking quality and fibre and protein content (over a period of 3 months). The addition of BSG altered the baking characteristics of the breadsticks by affecting their structure and texture. The snacks appeared to lack in cellular structure and crispiness. However, they had quite a stable shelf‐life, as changes in texture, moisture and aw progressed at a low rate. Addition of 25% and 35% BSG significantly increased the protein content of the snacks, and addition of 15% BSG more than doubled the content of dietary fibre in the samples.
The effect of UV‐C in combination with H2O2 treatments on microbial response and quality parameters of fresh cut pear discs
Authors: Schenk Marcela , García Loredo Analía , Raffellini Silvia , Alzamora Stella Maris , Guerrero Sandra 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe response of Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 and Zygosaccharomyces bailii NRRL 7256 in fresh‐cut pear to simultaneous and serial combined treatments involving H2O2 immersion (3% w/v; pH 3.0; 25 °C; 2.0 or 5.0 min) and UV‐C exposure (7.5 min; 3.7 kJ m−2) was investigated. For selected treatments, native flora, sensory and colour changes were also evaluated. E. coli and L. innocua were more sensitive than Z. bailii. Serial H2O2/UV‐C treatments were more effective than the simultaneous arrangement. The single effect of UV‐C was enhanced by the combination with 5 min H2O2, hence avoiding the recovery of the surviving population. The combined treatment kept optimal microbial stability and exhibited more luminosity than the single UV‐C treatment. Texture profile analysis conducted using a trained panel showed that H2O2/UV‐C processed pear discs were perceived with significantly less hardness and fracturability but as juicy as untreated discs. Consumers found them pleasant.
Recovery of sporamin from naturally fermented sweet potato starch slurry by foam fractionation
Authors: Li Peng‐Gao , Mu Tai‐Hua 
Published: June 2012

SummaryTo recover sporamin, the major storage protein in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.), from the wastewater generated by starch extracting industry by foam fractionation, the pH of the wastewater must be decreased to near three. This work explores a novel strategy where natural fermentation of the starch slurry was used to lower the pH without adding any acids. This work shows that after fermenting for 7 days the pH in the slurry significantly decreased from 6.57 ± 0.15 to 3.40 ± 0.00 (P < 0.05). Subsequently, sporamin was successfully recovered from the slurry with a peak recovery and enrichment of 87.9 ± 6.07% and 1.55 ± 0.11, respectively, at day 7. However, the concentration of protein in the slurry decreased correlatively with the decrease in pH value (r = 0.828, P = 0.042). Taken together, we concluded that the new strategy is feasible for recovering sporamin from the wastewater and fermentation for 4−7 days was recommended.
Weaning practices of mothers attending United Nations Relief and Works Agency health centres in the Gaza Governorates
Authors: Abu Hamad Bassam A. , Sammour Huda K. 
Published: June 2012

Abu Hamad B.A. & Sammour H.K. (2013) Weaning practices of mothers attending United Nations Relief and Works Agency health centres in the Gaza Governorates. Journal of Advanced Nursing69(4), 773–781. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06057.xAbstractAim.  To report a study about weaning patterns and practices among Palestinian mothers attending health centres managed by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency in the Gaza Strip.Background.  Although breastfeeding and weaning are important domains in child health, weaning has gained little attention from healthcare providers and researchers. In Arab culture, weaning practices are problematic and information gaps exist in relation to how and when weaning takes place.Design.  A descriptive/analytical cross‐sectional study.Methods.  A multi‐stage stratified random sample of 285 mothers of infants from 6–24 months, attending six health centres, was selected and completed an interviewed questionnaire in 2009. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences Program was used to conduct descriptive and analytical analysis.Results.  The rate of exclusive breastfeeding for infants from 0–6 months of age was low. Pregnancy was reported as the main reason for weaning. The mean weaning age was 13·5 months. The vast majority of mothers used sudden weaning, from them, the majority used traditional methods. The most popular traditional methods used by mothers were putting substances with bad taste especially aloe vera (Subra Murra) on the nipples, using of alternatives as pacifiers, putting red substances, and placing coffee on the nipples. Variations were found in the use of traditional methods in reference to mothers’ demographic characteristics.Conclusion.  During counselling mothers, nurses should focus on promoting gradual weaning practices and abstain from using traditional methods. Also, nurses should receive training and supervision on the appropriate weaning practices.
Differences in pain and nausea in children operated on by Tonsillectomy or Tonsillotomy – a prospective follow‐up study
Authors: Ahlstav Mårtensson Ulrica , Erling Hasselqvist Nann , Boström Barbro 
Published: June 2012

Ahlstav Mårtensson U., Erling Hasselqvist N. & Boström B. (2013) Differences in pain and nausea in children operated on by Tonsillectomy or Tonsillotomy – a prospective follow‐up study. Journal of Advanced Nursing69(4), 782–792. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06060.xAbstractAim.  To evaluate the differences in postoperative pain, nausea and time of discharge in children 3–12 years old after Tonsillectomy or Tonsillotomy at the postanaesthetic care unit, children’s ward and at home.Background.  Tonsillectomy involves risk of bleeding, severe postoperative pain and nausea. Tonsillotomy is a less invasive method with lower risk of bleeding, postoperative pain and nausea according to previous studies.Design.  A prospective, comparative follow‐up study design.Method.  From December 2008–April 2009 following parental agreement, 87 children in the ages 3–12 undergoing Tonsillectomy or Tonsillotomy participated. Visual analogue scale was used for children’s pain and nausea reports.Result.  Significantly, fewer children operated on by the Tonsillotomy reported postoperative pain ≥ 3 according to the visual analogue scale than children operated on by the Tonsillectomy at the postanaesthetic care unit and the children’s ward. A statistically significant difference of postoperative nausea was only present during the care at the postanaesthetic care unit and children’s ward with fewer Tonsillotomy children reporting nausea ≥ 3. The time of postoperative care was shorter among the Tonsillotomy children in both the postanaesthetic care unit and the children’s ward. Postoperative pain and pain related difficulties in eating after discharge was significantly more present among the Tonsillectomy children compared with the Tonsillotomy children.Conclusion.  The results of our study showed duration of postoperative pain and nausea in both groups, but indicated that Tonsillotomy is a more favourable alternative than Tonsillectomy in children.
Spatially and temporally varying selection on intrapopulation quantitative trait loci for a life history trade‐off in Mimulus guttatus
Authors: MOJICA JULIUS P. , LEE YOUNG WHA , WILLIS JOHN H. , KELLY JOHN K. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWhy do populations remain genetically variable despite strong continuous natural selection? Mutation reconstitutes variation eliminated by selection and genetic drift, but theoretical and experimental studies each suggest that mutation‐selection balance insufficient to explain extant genetic variation in most complex traits. The alternative hypothesis of balancing selection, wherein selection maintains genetic variation, is an aggregate of multiple mechanisms (spatial and temporal heterogeneity in selection, frequency‐dependent selection, antagonistic pleiotropy, etc.). Most of these mechanisms have been demonstrated for Mendelian traits, but there is little comparable data for loci affecting quantitative characters. Here, we report a 3‐year field study of selection on intrapopulation quantitative trait loci (QTL) of flower size, a highly polygenic trait in Mimulus guttatus. The QTL exhibit antagonistic pleiotropy: alleles that increase flower size, reduce viability, but increase fecundity. The magnitude and direction of selection fluctuates yearly and on a spatial scale of metres. This study provides direct evidence of balancing selection mechanisms on QTL of an ecologically relevant trait.
A Novel Cytotoxic T lymphocyte Epitope Analogue with Enhanced Activity Derived From Cyclooxygenase‐2
Authors: Wu Y. H. , Gao Y. F. , He Y. J. , Shi R. R. , Zhai M. X. , Wu Z. Y. , Sun M. , Zhai W. J. , Chen X. , Qi Y. M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCyclooxygenase‐2 is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we designed the analogues p321‐9L and p321‐1Y9L (YLIGETIKL) from cyclooxygenase‐2‐derived native peptide p321. Then, we tested the binding affinity and stability of the analogues and their ability to elicit specific immune response both in vitro (from PBMCs of HLA‐A*02+ healthy donors) and in vivo (from HLA‐A2.1/Kb transgenic mice). Our results indicated that the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced by p321‐9L and p321‐1Y9L was more potent than that of p321. In conclusion, the epitope analogue, especially p321‐1Y9L, may be a good candidate which could be used to the immunotherapy of patients with tumours expressing cyclooxygenase‐2.
Expression of Genes Associated with H Factor in Fibroblasts Infected with Borrelia Spirochaetes
Authors: Gęca A. , Gola J. , Dudek S. , Jasik K. , Muc‐Wierzgoń M. , Nowakowska‐Zajdel E. , Niedworok E. , Mazurek U. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractInfection with Borrelia spirochaetes leads to the launch of specific and non‐specific immunological response in humans. Activation of the complement system is one of the first defence mechanisms against penetrating pathogens. The aim of this study was to select genes related to the alternative pathway of the complement system [including complement factor H (CFH)], differentiating the type of infection in the system model, that is, a culture of normal human diploid fibroblasts infected with three different spirochaete genospecies: Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia burgdorferii sensu stricto, by comparing the infected fibroblast culture with the control fibroblast one. With the use of oligonucleotide microarrays HGU‐133A, the differences in the expression of genes selected on the basis of a scientific database Affymetrix were studied by comparing transcriptomes from the four cultures of fibroblasts. In the result of infection of fibroblast cultivation with a specific Borrelia genospecies, a variable expression of certain CFH and complement system‐associated genes, specific for one genospecies only, B. afzelii– C1QBP, CD59, C2, CD46 and FHL1; B. garinii – C1S and CLU; Borrelia burgeforii– CFB, A2M and VSIG4, was observed. CFH differentiates infections induced by B. afzelii and B. garinii from infections induced by B. burgdorferii sensu stricto.
Weed seed survival during mesophilic anaerobic digestion in biogas plants
Authors: WESTERMAN P R , HEIERMANN M , POTTBERG U , RODEMANN B , GEROWITT B 
Published: June 2012

Westerman PR, Heiermann M, Pottberg U, Rodemann B & Gerowitt B (2012). Weed seed survival during mesophilic anaerobic digestion in biogas plants. Weed Research52, 307–316.SummaryDigestate, the semi‐solid leftover after anaerobic digestion in biogas reactors, is frequently used as a crop fertiliser. The ability of seeds from five plant species (four weed species and one vegetable crop) to survive commercial biogas plants was tested, to assess the likelihood that these could be spread via digestate and to compare with results obtained from laboratory‐scale reactors. Seeds were selected from among the best surviving species in experimental batch reactors in an earlier study. They were exposed for 1–9 days in two large‐scale, commercial mesophilic biogas plants. The resulting exponential decay functions were estimated. The decimal reduction time, D, was estimated at 1.5 days for Abutilon theophrasti population D2003, 2 days for A. theophrasti population ES2008, 5.8 days for Malva neglecta, 4.7 and 19.7 days for Chenopodium album, and 1.2–9.1 days for Fallopia convolvulus. Given the differences in ranking of plant species, laboratory reactors are not necessarily a good model system for commercial reactors. Seeds could survive passage through biogas plants, although at (extremely) low numbers. If the objective is to eliminate all risks and dispose of all weed seeds, it will be necessary to either add extra sanitation steps, or to identify and manipulate the factors that are responsible for high seed mortality. However, it is currently unknown what these factors are.
The quantitative genetic basis of adaptive divergence in the moor frog (Rana arvalis) and its implications for gene flow
Authors: HANGARTNER S. , LAURILA A. , RÄSÄNEN K. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractKnowledge on the relative contribution of direct genetic, maternal and environmental effects to adaptive divergence is important for understanding the drivers of biological diversification. The moor frog (Rana arvalis) shows adaptive divergence in embryonic and larval fitness traits along an acidification gradient in south‐western Sweden. To understand the quantitative genetic basis of this divergence, we performed reciprocal crosses between three divergent population pairs and reared embryos and larvae at acid and neutral pH in the laboratory. Divergence in embryonic acid tolerance (survival) was mainly determined by maternal effects, whereas the relative contributions of maternal, additive and nonadditive genetic effects in larval life‐history traits differed between traits, population pairs and rearing environments. These results emphasize the need to investigate the quantitative genetic basis of adaptive divergence in multiple populations and traits, as well as different environments. We discuss the implications of our findings for maintenance of local adaptation in the context of migrant and hybrid fitness.
Linking altitudinal gradients and temperature responses of plant phenology in the Bavarian Alps
Authors: Cornelius C. , Estrella N. , Franz H. , Menzel A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGlobal climate change influences ecosystems across the world. Alpine plant communities have already experienced serious impacts, and will continue to do so as climate change continues. The aim of our study was to determine the sensitivity of woody and herbaceous species to shifts in temperature along an altitudinal gradient. Since 1994, park rangers have been making phenological observations at 24 sites from 680 to 1425 m a.s.l. Each year 21 plant species were observed once or twice weekly from March to July; with a main focus on flowering and leaf unfolding. Our study showed a very high degree of dependence of phenophases and species on inter‐annual temperature variation and altitude. Averaged over all species and phenophases, there was a delay of 3.8 days with every 100 m increase in altitude and, across all elevations, an advance of phenophases of 6 days per 1 °C increase in temperature. Temperature lapse rates assessed indirectly by phenology, as the quotient of altitudinal to temperature response coefficients, were higher than directly calculated from March to July mean temperatures, most likely due to snow effects. Furthermore, a significant difference in sensitivity to temperature change was found between growth forms (herbs versus trees). Sensitivity was less pronounced in events occurring later in the season. Our results show that species reactions will differ in magnitude during global warming. Consequently, impacts of shifts in the timing of phenological events on plant migration and plant–pollinator interactions due to rising temperatures should be considered at the species level.