bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ Hybridization for the Demonstration of Bovine Leukemia Virus Transcripts in Lymphosarcoma Cells Using Biotinylated Probes
Authors: Okada Kosuke , Hosokawa Yohei , Aida Yoko , Ohshima Kan‐Ichi 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBovine leukemia virus (BLV) RNA was demonstrated in peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin from a BLV‐infected ox, and in lymphosarcoma cells cultured without mitogen from an enzootic bovine leukosis cow by in situ hybridization using biotinylated DNA probes.
Vergleich zwischen Protein‐A‐Reinigung und kombinierter Octansäure‐Ammoniumsulfatfällung zur Gewinnung von Kaninchen‐Immunglobulin
Authors: Polten B. M. , Jiménez C. , Schliesser Th. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryComparative study of a chromatographic (Protein A column) and a non‐chromatographic procedure (octanic acid‐ammoniumsulphate‐precipitation) for concentration of immunoglobulin in rabbit‐antiserumFor purifying immunoglobulins from rabbit‐antisera the method of McKinney and Parkinson (octanicacid‐ammoniumsulfat‐precipitation) gave comparable results to chromatography using a Protein A column.ZusammenfassungAm Beispiel der Reinigung eines Kaninchen‐Immunserums zeigte sich, daß mit einer kombinierten Oktansäure‐Ammoniumsulfatfällung ein vergleichbarer Reinigungseffekt zu erzielen war, wie mit der üblichen aber aufwendigeren chromatographischen Reinigung mittels einer Protein‐A‐Säule.
Selective Medium Containing Fosfomycin, Nalidixic Acid, and Culture Supernatant ofRbodococcus equifor Isolation ofCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Authors: Zhao H.‐K. , Hiramune T. , Kikuchi N. , Yanagawa R. , Ito S. , Hatta T. , Serikawa S. , Oe Yosiko 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFNR medium containing fosfomycin, nalidixic acid, bovine blood and culture supernatant ofRhodococcus equiwas prepared by the present authors, and the medium did not inhibit growth ofCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisbut completely hampered the growth ofBacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, andEscherichia coli. The culture supernatant ofR.equifacilitated detection of suspected colonies ofC. pseudotuberculosisdue to synergistic hemolysis. Rate of isolation of the organisms (from the trachea, larynx and nasal cavity of 16 slaughtered sheep with caseous abscess in the lung) was higher with FNR, the selective medium, than with nonselective medium. The selective medium was thus found to be useful for isolation ofC. pseudotuberculosisfrom sheep.
Cerebrospinal Elaphostrongylosis in Dairy Goats in Northern Norway
Authors: Handeland K. , Sparboe O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTen carcasses and three vertebral columns from north Norwegian dairy goats, which had been killed due to clinical signs of severe neurologic disease, were received for necropsy.Pathological examination revealed nematodes and nematode ova in the central nervous system (CNS) of nine goats. Worms found by gross examination were identified as Elaphostrongylus rangiferi Mitskevich, 1960. Focal traumatic encephalomyelomalacia, apparently caused by migrating worms, perivascular cuffing, eosinophilic leptomeningitis and perineural infiltrations and granulomas, could be demonstrated in CNS sections from all 13 animals examined.Clinical signs reported were initial pruritus followed by motor weakness, lameness, paresis, reduced vision, circling, abnormal head position, bulging eyes and scoliosis.The disease occurred from September to January in regions with a considerable migrant reindeer population. It was concluded that the reported outbreaks of neurologic disease represented seasonal occurrence of cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis caused by Elaphostrongylus rangiferi, the elaphostron‐gyloid nematode of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus).
Clinical, Post Mortem and Virological Findings after Simultaneous Inoculation of Pigs with Hog Cholera and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus
Authors: Dahle J. , Moennig V. , Coulibaly C. O. Z. , Liess B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe clinical course, post mortem lesions as well as virological and serological results after simultaneous intranasal inoculation of pigs with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and hog cholera virus (HCV) are described. Five groups of four weaners received constant doses of BVDV strain OSLOSS/2482 and tenfold decreasing doses of HCV strain ALFORT/187. Doses of 1,000 and 100 TCID50 of HCV in groups A and B of pigs led to fever and severe clinical signs in all animals of two groups, whereas at higher dilution of inoculum two, three or four animals survived without any clinical signs in the respective groups (C ‐ E). Leucocyte samples taken from febrile animals and from normal pigs on five consecutive days were inoculated into both fetal calf kidney (FCK) and PK(15) cell cultures. Virus isolates were differentiated with BVDV and HCV specific monoclonal antibodies. HCV viraemia was detected in febrile animals exclusively, and BVDV viraemia occurred in not affected animals on days 3 to 7 post inoculation. Neutralizing antibodies (nab) against BVDV appeared before HCV nab in surviving animals of groups C and D after receiving low doses of HCV (10 or 1 TCID50). No BVDV nab were detected in group E that had received such a high dilution of HCV in addition to BVDV that theoretically no HCV was applied.
Further Investigations on Pasteurella multocida Infections in Feral Birds Injured by Cats
Authors: Korbel R. , Gerlach H. , Bisgaard M. , Hafez H. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 64 Pasteurella multocida strains (46 out of 11 different feral bird species, partly injured by cat bites, and 18 strains originating from clinically healthy cats) were biochemically differentiated. As a result, 67.4% of the strains from feral birds and 61.1 % from the cats were classified as the subspecies multocida, whilst 21.7% and 27.8% were identified as the subspecies septica. The percentage of frequency for both the subspecies was of a comparable order of magnitude from the birds injured by cat bites and from cats (58.6% and 61.1 %, 24.1 % and 27.8% resp.), whereas the frequency from other feral birds differed considerably (82.4% and 17.6%). Maltose‐positive strains were only demonstrable in birds with wounds inflicted by cats. To date, maltose‐positive strains have only been obtained from one cat and one human being with an injury caused by a cat. The results of this investigation confirm the possibility of the direct transmission of Pasteurella multocida via cat bites. 19 strains from feral birds and 15 strains from cats were tested for their capability to produce toxins. The results of these tests were negative. The present paper also describes the pathologic‐anatomical and histopathological lesions caused by the infection in feral birds.
Investigations on Course and Outcome of Phocine Distemper Virus Infection in Harbour Seals (Phoca Vitulina) Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Authors: Harder T. C. , Willhaus Theda , Leibold W. , Liess B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on phocine distemper virus (PDV) infections in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) was studied. Six out of ten seals had been conditioned with a defined mixture of PCB‐congeneres for several weeks. Following exposure to the cell culture‐propagated PDV isolate 2558/Han88 the complete clinical picture of “1988 seal plague” was provoked in all ten seals inoculated. Four out of six PCB‐conditioned seals and two out of four seals not loaded with PCBs succumbed to the infection within three weeks post inoculation. With regard to the clinical course, duration of cell‐associated viremia, PDV‐antigen distribution in tissues of fatally infected seals and the humoral immune response to PDV no differences between PCB‐loaded and unloaded seals were recognized. Evidence was obtained that the pathogenesis of experimental PDV‐infection in harbour seals shares some features with those of canine distemper in terrestrial carnivores. In contrast, however, to experimental distemper infection of gnotobiotic dogs prompt development of high titres of PDV‐specific IgG did not correlate with recovery from infection.
An Immunoblotting Procedure for Detection of Antibodies against Bovine Leukemia Virus in Cattle
Authors: Grover Y. P. , Guillemain B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA sensitive protein immunoblotting (Western blot) procedure has been developed for detecting anti‐BLV antibodies in cattle sera. The antibodies against most of the major viral proteins could be detected. This procedure does not give any non‐specific background staining and there is absence of any erroneous results due to utilisation of purified viral preparations. The procedure has been applied for detection of antibodies to BLV in a set of 74 sera samples and it has been compared with other commonly used serological tests like ELISA and agar gel immunodiffusion test.
Fimbriae and Membranes on Haemophilus parasuis
Authors: Münch S. , Grund S. , Krüger M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn the electron microscope an additional layer (glycocalix) of the cell wall and fimbriae on Haemophilus parasuis were shown in thin sections of the infected CAM which have their origin on the CM of the Haemophilus parasuis‐cells. No fimbriation was seen after conventional cultivation.
Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana in Mice
Authors: Semalulu S. S. , MacPherson J. M. , Schiefer H. B. , Khachatourians G. G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe potential pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana was examined by intramuscular injection of high (2 times 108) or low (2 times 105) concentrations of conidia spores, into the left or right quadriceps muscles of CD‐1 mice, respectively. The injection sites were monitored over a period of 28 days by both microbiological and histopathological methods. Focal muscle necrosis, edema and inflammation occurred rapidly (within 12 hours) at the high dose application (2 times 108) site, but such lesions were far less severe with the low dose spore application (2 times 105). Fungal spores in the high dose site persisted in normal shape for 2 weeks, after which time they began to degenerate. Almost all spores were cleared from the injection site within the 28‐day observation period. Spread to other organs of the body was not observed, except by macrophage transport to regional lymph nodes. At the low dose rate, most spores were cleared within 12 h to 2 d, leaving only mild focal edema and inflammation. Viable fungal colonies could be recovered up to 3 d after injection from the high dose site, but only up to 12 h from the low dose site. It was concluded that B. bassiana does not cause infection, nor multiply, nor survive for more than 3 days when injected intramuscularly into healthy mice.
Hemolytic Interactions of Dermatophilus congolensis
Authors: Skalka B. , Pospíšil L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe strains of Dermatophilus congolensis grew on blood agar with washed sheep erythrocytes with marked total hemolysis. In testing for hemolytic interactions they gave a significant synergistic effect of a characteristic shape with Rhodococcus equi and Streptococcus agalactiae, whereas with Staphylococcus aureus producing beta hemolysin and with Staphylococcus aureus producing delta hemolysin a simultaneous synergistic as well as antagonistic effect were observed. First of all a conspicuous inhibition of in the beta hemolysin zone began and then the hemolytic effect of D. congolensis was enhanced. A similar double reaction was also observed with Listeria ivanovii. With delta hemolysin there was an inhibition of the hemolytic effect of D. congolensis and at the same time a synergistic effect could be observed. Also D. congolensis gave a weak synergistic effect with Micrococcus lylae and Listeria monocytogenes, and a further weak antagonistic effect with alpha hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus chromogenes and Micrococcus luteus. No interaction of D. congolensis was established with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.
Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 1 (Newcastle Disease Virus) ‐ Infections in Falcons
Authors: Wernery U. , Remple J. D. , Neumann U. , Alexander D. J. , Manvell Ruth J. , Kaaden O.‐R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFrom eight falcons and one pigeon which died from NDV over a period of 15 months in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, PMV‐1 viruses were isolated on quail embryo cell cultures. The identification of all 9 strains were achieved with the haemagglutination inhibition test against polyclonal chicken PMV‐1 antiserum, against mouse monoclonal antibodies as well as with the immunoperoxidase test. Intracerebral pathogenicity index and intravenous pathogenicity index tests were also carried out. Although the virus isolates in this study fell into two distinct groups, the overall clinical symptoms displayed by the falcons tailed to demonstrate any trends or specifity unique to a group. The isolate obtained from a pigeon was similar to the isolates from one group of the falcons and showed no identity with the pigeon variant virus.
Simultaneous Screening of Bovine Sera for Antibodies to Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease of Deer Viruses by Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: Afshar A. , Shakarchi N. H. , Wright P. F. , Bossé J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (I‐ELISA) is described for simultaneous screening of bovine sera for detection of antibodies to bluetongue (BT) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer (EHD) viruses (V). Optimal dilutions of BTV and EHDV antigens were combined and allowed to adsorb on to the wells of microtiter plates. Appropriately diluted (1: 100) bovine sera were allowed to incubate and the bound antibodies were detected by a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) to bovine immunoglobulin (H‐Chain) conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The performance of the combined (C) I‐ELISA in detecting antibodies to BTV and EHDV in sequential serum samples from calves experimentally inoculated with BTV, serotype 10, EHDV, serotype 1 (New Jersey) or EHDV serotype 2 (Alberta) was evaluated. Comparable antibody profiles were demonstrable by the CI‐ELISA and separate I‐ELISAs using either BTV or EHDV antigens. The results suggest that the CI‐ELISA offers many advantages over the standard agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test and has potential application as a rapid, sensitive, inter‐group‐specific and inexpensive test for simultaneous screening of bovine sera for antibodies to BTV and/or EHDV.
Diagnostic Value of Gastrin for Clinical Bovine Ostertagiosis
Authors: Hilderson H. , Vercruysse J. , Berghen P. , Dorny P. , McKellar Q.A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryGastrin values were evaluated in 130 parasite naive calves, in 61 first season grazing calves during six field trials and in 8 experimentally infected adult immune cows. The gastrin values were linked to pepsinogen levels and daily weight gain. Also the influence of an anthelmintic treatment on pepsinogen and gastrin values was assessed during a clinical outbreak of ostertagiosis in a group of first season grazing calves. Mean gastrin levels in parasite naive calves were 106 pg/ml. Results show that a group mean of 400 pg/ml gastrin in first season grazing calves indicates a reduced daily weight gain but with no obvious clinical signs. During clinical outbreaks mean gastrin levels frequently reached 1,000 pg/ml with a severe weight loss and a mean pepsinogen level of 5,000 mU tyr. The serum gastrin concentration was strongly reduced 4 days post treatment. No gastrin response was noted following anOstertagiachallenge in adult immune cows.The value of gastrin as a diagnostic aid for ostertagiosis is discussed in relation to pepsinogen, the adult worm burden, larval inhibition and the technique involved in assessing gastrin.
Immunohistological Diagnosis of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD)
Authors: Stoercklé‐Berger N. , Keller‐Berger B. , Ackermann M. , Ehrensperger F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn the present study the diagnostic use of a biotinylated serum from an immune rabbit was investigated by means of an Avidin‐Biotin‐Complex (ABC)‐Peroxidase method on paraffin sections. 15 cases of RHD which had been verified histologically and/or by haemagglutination test (HA), 4 suspected cases and 3 cases without history of RHD were included (cases 1 to 22). From 5 prospective cases a wider tissue range was examined (cases 23 to 25 and 29 to 30). Furthermore lungs, liver and placenta of 3 fetuses from a RHD affected dam were investigated (cases 26 to 28).The 20 typical cases had intense intranuclear and diffuse intracytoplasmic immunostaining of hepatocytes, predominantly in the periportal areas. In some cases there was also positive staining of macrophages in the lungs (4 cases), spleen (4 cases) and in lymph nodes (1 case). Positive granular staining in the renal mesangial cells of the glomeruli was observed in 1 case. No positive staining was observed in the 3 negative cases.In contrast to other reports (4), crossreactivity of these antigens to Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) could not be confirmed. Furthermore the RHD virus (RHDV) seems not to crossreact with Feline and Bovine Parvoviruses.
Comparison ofMycoplasma bovisStrains Based on SDS‐PAGE and Immunoblot Protein Patterns
Authors: Sachse K. , Grajetzki Christine , Pfützner H. , Hass Renate 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWhole‐cell protein patterns generated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) were compared for 34 isolates ofMycoplasma bovis.A high degree of similarity between most of the strains was established with strain‐to‐strain differences mainly confined to quantitative variations of certain protein bands, particularly in the molecular weight regions of 64–68, 55 and 26 kD. Two of the isolates provided more deviating patterns. Hydrophobic membrane protein fractions of the strains as prepared by Triton X‐114 phase partitioning were compared by SDS‐PAGE, which confirmed some of the characteristic strain features found with whole‐cell proteins. The immunoblot analysis revealed that up to 20 of the 50–55 discrete protein bands detected in SDS‐PAGE patterns were recognized to be antigenic by rabbit and bovine hyperimmune sera. It is concluded that the same set of major antigens is present in all strains investigated, but amounts of individual constituents may be differing.
Relevance of Sensitivity Testings (MIC) of S. aureus to Predict the Antibacterial Action in Milk
Authors: Louhi M. , Inkinen K. , Myllys V. , Sandholm M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBacterial susceptibility testings were carried out in parallel Iso‐sensitest broth (ISB) and bovine milk cultures using 16 antibacterials and 4 sensitive strains of mastitic isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial activities were analyzed by continuous turbidity monitoring (broth cultures), continuous fluorometric monitoring of the resazurin‐reducing redox activity, and by analyzing the triphenyltetra‐zolium (TTC)‐reducing capacity at the end of the incubation period.To obtain an equipotent bacteria‐suppressing activity, milk cultures required in general several times more antibiotic than the respective ISB cultures. Antibacterial activities of sulfadoxine‐trimethoprim, vancomycin, novobiocin, macrolides, aminoglycosides and oxytetracycline were most effectively suppressed by milk. Aminoglycosides suffered additionally from reduction of oxygen in the incubation environment. The ß‐lactams (penicillin G, oxacillin, cephalothin, ceftiofur, ampicillin, ampicillin‐clavulanic acid), gentamicin and enrofloxacin showed extremely variable sensitivity results depending on the S. aureus/milk combination.
The Early Migration of Elaphostrongylus rangiferi in Goats
Authors: Handeland K. , Skorping A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe migration of nematodes of the genus Elaphostrongylus (Metastrongyloidea: Protostrongylidae) from the gut into the tissues of ruminants has not been described. Detailed histologic studies were performed on five goat kids that had received oral doses of 1,000–1,500 infective larvae of Elaphostrongylus rangiferi Mitskevich, 1960 and were subsequently autopsied at days 2, 4, 6, 10, and 14 post inoculation. The main migratory route of E. rangiferi larvae seemed to be haematogenous. The larvae penetrated the venules of the abomasum and followed the blood stream via the liver to the lungs. In the lungs, the larvae entered pulmonary venules and passed into the arterial circulation reaching the central nervous system (CNS) and other organs between days 6 and 10 post inoculation. Some of the larvae that had lodged in tissues outside the CNS probably migrated into it along the spinal nerves. A marked eosinophilia was present from day 8 post inoculation.
Opsonic Activity in Mammary Secretion and Serum of Gilts During the Lactation Period
Authors: Tsuma V. T. , Magnusson U. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOpsonic activity was studied in mammary secretion and serum during lactation in four healthy gilts. The opsonic activity was determined as peak chemiluminescence and time to peak chemiluminescence in a luminol enhanced chemiluminescence assay. The peak chemiluminescence was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in mammary secretion around parturition than later in lactation. No changes in the opsonic activity were seen in serum during lactation. Overall, the peak chemiluminescence and time to peak chemiluminescence were significantly higher (p < 0.001) and shorter (p < 0.05) respectively, in serum than in mammary secretion. The present study indicates that the opsonic activity is highest in mammary secretion around parturition but decreases later in lactation, and that this change is confined to the mammary gland.
Sero‐Epidemiological Survey of Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCV) Infection in Breeding Herds in Southeastern Spain
Authors: Cubero M. J. , Leon L. , Contreras A. , Lanza I. , Zamora E. , Caro M. R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn 1987 we conducted a sero‐epidemiological survey in the Murcia Region (South‐East Spain) to discover the prevalence and spread of PRCV‐infection among breeding pigs and farms and determine the association between herd size and geographical zone with PRCV‐infection. The Murcia Region was divided into four geographical zones and the farms classified by size in four categories. The random sample was statistically representative of both the breeding stock and farms in each geographical zone. We analysed 6,000 breeding pigs from 480 farms. The immunological techniques employed were indirect ELISA and blocking ELISA. The prevalence (P ± IC) of PRCV‐seropositive breeding pigs and infected breeding farms was 14.53 ± 0.89% and 21.87 ± 7.83% respectively. On 55% of the infected farms, the prevalence of seropositive breeding pigs was 60–100%. PRCV‐infection appears spread throughout the four geographical zones of the Murcia Region. However, a significant association (p < 0.01) was observed between geographical zone and the prevalence of PRCV‐infection. A herd size of > 50 breeding pigs had a greater risk (p < 0.01) of PRCV‐infection.
Comparative Virulence of NAD‐Dependent and NAD‐IndependentActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeStrains
Authors: Dom P. , Haesebrouck F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe virulence of a NAD‐independentActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeserotype 2 strain and NAD‐dependent serotype 2, 3 and 9 strains was compared under experimental conditions. Hysterectomy‐derived piglets were inoculated endobronchially with 50–500 cfu of these strains. All 23 piglets inoculated with the NAD‐dependent strains developed acute disease within 12 hours post inoculation. Twenty‐two of these piglets died within 24 hours after the first clinical signs. Three of nine piglets inoculated with the NAD‐independent strain did not develop clinical disease. In the other six piglets, disease signs were similar as in the piglets inoculated with the NAD‐dependent strains. No differences in clinical disease were observed between colostrum deprived piglets and piglets that obtained colostrum from a SPF sow.