bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventilatory Mechanics in Healthy Calves During Helium‐Oxygen Breathing
Authors: Rodriguez M. N. , Art T. , Rollin F. , Desmecht D. , Amory H. , Linden A. , Lekeux P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe mechanics of breathing was investigated in six healthy calves breathing either air or a mixture of 79% helium and 21% oxygen (He‐O2). Intrapleural pressure (Ppl) was measured with an esophageal balloon catheter and transpulmonary pressure was obtained by subtracting the mouth pressure (Pm) from Ppl. Respiratory airflow (V) was measured using a Fleisch pneumotachograph N°3 and tidal volume (Vt) was electronically derived by integrating V with respect to time. Respiratory airflow, Vt, Ppl and Pm were simultaneously recorded while the calves breathed first air (1 min), secondly He‐O2 (1 min) and finally air again (1 min). The pulmonary function values were calculated on the tracings and the He‐O2 values were compared to the corresponding “air” values.The ventilatory response to resistance unloading was characterized by a significant increase in minute volume exclusively due to an increase in respiratory frequency, while Vt remained unchanged. A decrease of 32% in the total pulmonary resistance (RL) and 16% in the work per litre of ventilation (Wrm/1) were observed when calves breathed He‐O2.The effect of the He‐O2 on RL and on Wrm/1 suggests that, in the bovine species, airflow turbulences in the upper part of the respiratory tract play a significant role in the total airways resistance.
Disposition Kinetics, Renal Clearance and Excretion of Ampicillin after Oral Administration in Goats
Authors: Nawaz M. , Tabassum R. , Iqbal T. , Perveen Z. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDisposition kinetics, renal clearance and urinary excretion of ampicillin were determined after oral administration of 10mg/kg in 8 goats. Peak plasma concentration 1. 86 ± 0. 14μmol/l was attained at 117 ± 11 min after oral administration. Half‐time of absorption was 28. 7 ± 5. 8 minutes and that of elimination was 135 ± 15 minutes. Total area under plasma concentration versus time curve was 9. 16 ± 0. 97 μmol ± h/l. Total body clearance of ampicillin was 52. 1 ± 4. 2 and renal clearance was 0. 07 ± 0. 008 ml/min ± kg. The renal handling of ampicillin involved glomerular filtration and back diffusion.
Immunological Reactions of Pigs during Long‐Term β‐Adrenergic Treatment*
Authors: Hirni H. , Lazary S. , Blum J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryExperiments were performed to determine the effects of the β‐adrenergic agonist Ro 16–8714 on the immune system of finishing pigs fed an adequate or a low‐protein diet. Growth rate, nitrogen and fat retention, body composition as well as spleen weight were influenced by both β‐agonist and/or protein level, as expected. However, lymphocyte stimulation with Concanavalin A and phytohemagglutininein vitroorin vivoantibody production against horse red blood cells were not changed by the β‐agonist in pigs fed sufficient or insufficient amounts of protein.
Utilization of Dietary Sodium Selenite, Barley, Oats and Meat Meal Selenium by the Chick
Authors: Hassan S. , Hakkarainen R. V. J. , Lindberg P. O. , Sankari S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe biological availability of selenium (Se) in barley, oats and meat meal as compared to that in sodium selenite was determined by whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity and Se concentration depletion‐repletion bioassays. One day old White Leghorn chicks, initially of low‐Se status, were further depleted for Se by feeding a low‐Se casein basal diet (0. 03 mg Se/kg diet) adequate in vitamin E for the first two weeks of life. Repletion treatments of Se at graded levels supplemented by the natural sources or sodium selenite were then provided for 4 weeks. A multiple regression equation was calculated to relate the final whole blood GSH‐Px activity and Se concentration to the dietary intake of Se. The percent biological availability of Se present in the natural sources was evaluated by slope ratio analyses in comparison to the standard, sodium selenite (100%). The activity of whole blood GSH‐Px established a relative bioavailability for barley, oats and meat meal Se of 85, 41 and 25%, respectively (as μkat/l), and 81, 51 and 17%, respectively (as μkat/g Hb). The estimated bioavailability of Se in the different natural sources, as measured by blood Se concentration was: barley, 104%; oats, 99% and meat meal, 69% in comparison to that of sodium selenite. Thus, selenite Se was superior to the natural Se sources for the induction of GSH‐Px activity. Barley Se appeared to be of higher biological value to chicks than did oats and meat meal Se. Even though meat meal Se was retained in appreciable amounts in chick blood, it showed the poorest utilization for the synthesis of blood GSH‐Px.
Coagulation Profile in Different Stages of Pregnancy and Under Consideration of Placental Expulsion in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Heuwieser W. , Kautni J. , Grunert E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIt was the aim of the present study to determine different parameters of blood coagulation in dairy cattle in the course of gestation (n = 19) and during 9 days post partum (n = 40). The coagulation profile comprised prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen concentration, and platelet count. Prothrombin time was shorter in the 2nd month of gestation (13. 9 s) than in the 7th (15. 2 s) month. A reduction of partial thromboplastin time towards the end of gestation by approximately 4 seconds was statistically insignificant (p > 0. 05).A significant change of fibrinogen concentration was established over a period of 10 days ante partum. Immediately before parturition, fibrinogen level (484mg/dl) increased compared to one (325 mg/dl) and two (343 mg/dl) days before calving. Cows whose calves were developed per vias naturales displayed pronounced differences of fibrinogen concentration. Animals with retained placenta showed significantly higher fibrinogen concentrations than cows with normal expulsion of the placenta on all days.
Influence of Vasotocin and Isoproterenol on the In Vitro Motility of the Follicular Stalks and Infundibulum in the Domestic Hen
Authors: Wechsung E. , Houvenaghel A. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySince in the hen ovulation and oviposition are in close temporal relationship we studied the effect of vasotocin, the principal neurohypophysial oxytocic substance in birds, on in vitro motility of follicular stalks of the most recently ruptured and largest preovulatory follicle and of longitudinal and circular infundibular strips, both in the absence and the presence of a Pβ‐adrenergic drug (isoproterenol, 1 times 10−7mol/l). Infundibular strips were rather insensitive to vasotocin (3 times 10−9‐3 × lO−7mol/l) either in the absence or presence of isoproterenol. However, tissue strips from the follicular stalks were significantly stimulated by vasotocin (3 times 10−9‐3 times 10−7mol/l). Isoproterenol attenuated these effects. From these in vitro studies it was concluded that vasotocin may have a facilitating function in the process of ovulation.
Progesterone and Oestradiol‐17β Receptors in the Porcine Myometrium During the Oestrous Cycle
Authors: Thilander G. , Eriksson H. , Edqvist L. ‐E. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe concentrations of the tissue receptors for oestradiol (E) and progesterone (P) in the porcine myometrium at different stages of the oestrous cycle have been investigated by in vitro binding and exchange methods. Both hormones bound to specific cytoplasmic (Rc) and nuclear (Rn) receptors proteins with high affinity. The amount of ERcdid not vary significantly throughout the cycle. Significant variations in the amount of myometrial ERnwere observed with high concentrations during late pro‐oestrus.The amount of PRcreached a top value in early pro‐oestrus. A significant increase in PRnlevels was observed at earely luteal phase, and it remained high during the rest of the luteal phase. The temporal relationships between the variations in levels of oestradiol and progesterone nuclear receptors in myometrial tissue and those of the circulating plasma levels were established.The data obtained in this study suggest a relationship between the changes in levels of oestradiol and progesterone myometrial binding and the uterine motility pattern during the oestrous cycle.
Neuromuscular Transmission in the Gastrocnemius Muscle of Young Domestic and Wild Pigs
Authors: Szentkuti L. , Schlegel O. , Sallai J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe gastrocnemius muscle was stimulated in situ in young female domestic pigs (DP, Sus scrofa domestica, German Landrace; n=24) and in European wild pigs (WP, Sus scrofa scrofa; n = 20), by short (0. 1 ms) square‐wave impulses via the sciatic nerve. Evoked compound action potentials were recorded from the sciatic nerve, from the Ramus muscularis distalis of the tibial nerve and from the end plate region of the muscle tissue. Maximum nerve conduction velocities (NCV) were 58. 8 ± 10. 4 m/s in DP and 77. 7 ± 16. 5 m/s in WP. Time of neuro‐muscular transmission (“distal latency”) for evoked compound action potentials from the Ramus gastrocnemius of the tibial nerve into the gastrocnemius muscle was 2. 32 ± 0. 54 ms in DP and only 1. 27 ± 0. 25 ms in WP. Electromechanical coupling time intervals in the gastrocnemius muscle were 11. 95 ± 2. 26 ms in DP and 9. 95 ± 1. 07 ms in WP.Motor end plates were visualized histochemically and classified as of the red, intermediate and white type according to their shape and arborization. High extrajunctional acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in the close vicinity of the junctions of muscles in young DP (3. 5 month, 40 kg), which was absent in WP muscles and also in DP muscle at older age.
Erythrocyte Insulin Binding in Ewes in Late Pregnancy
Authors: Sigurdsson H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryErythrocyte insulin binding in 8 ewes in late pregnancy was studied. The main purpose was to study the influence of pregnancy and starvation of the insulin binding capacity of the erythrocytes and compare it with the capacity of erythrocytes in newborn lambs.Results from the present study indicate that erythrocytes from pregnant ewes in late pregnancy have no insulin binding capacity and that the erythrocyte insulin receptors cannot be used as an index of different metabolic conditions.
Studies on Monensin Toxicity in Goats
Authors: Dalvi R. R. , Savant S. G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study was carried out to examine the effect of orally administered monensin on the liver of goats. Goats given monensin at the rate of 55 mg/kg of feed (55 ppm) for three weeks showed clinical signs of anorexia and diarrhea, along with increased pentobarbital sleeping time and serum SDH level indicating the possible presence of hepatotoxicity. On the other hand, animals fed monensin at 11 ppm for three weeks or 8 mg/kg of body weight/day for five days showed no signs of hepatotoxicity.
Ataxia in Swedish Warmblood and Standardbred Horses
Authors: Ekman Stina 
Published: May 2010

SummaryLesions in the cervical spine of 28 young horses (Standardbred Trotters and Swedish Warm‐bloods), killed because of longstanding or severe ataxia, are described. The material consists of all horses with ataxia available for necropsy and presented to the large animal clinic of the School of Veterinary Medicine, Uppsala and the Animal Hospital in Helsingborg during 1981 through 1983. After a clinical and radiographic examination, including myelography in all but 2 cases, the horses were killed and necropsy was performed. The cases were divided into three categories based on the radiographic and pathological findings. 1. Static Cervical Compressive Myelopathy (SCM): There were three causes of the stenosis, locked, flexed position of cervical vertebrae, arthropathy of the intervertebral joints, and epidural cyst in the cervical spinal canal. 2. Dynamic Cervical Compressive Myelopathy (DCM) was diagnosed when the myelogram showed stenosis when the horse's neck was in a flexed position. No stenosis was observed in neutral position, or when the neck was extended. 3. Cervical Myelopathy (CM): In this category neither static nor dynamic stenosis was observed, but histologic evidence of spinal cord degeneration was seen.The fact that all the horses were young, suggests that a disturbance of normal growth of the cervical vertebrae is involved in the aetiology.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Dogs; Analysis of Proteins and Respiratory Cells
Authors: Mayer P. , Laber G. , Walzl H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn an attempt to establish the normal values, bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) of portions of the right upper lobe was done during fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 18 Beagle dogs of various ages. Albumin, IgA and IgG were identified in BAL fluids. The respiratory cells obtained were, in the order of decreasing occurrences, alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells and neutrophils. No age‐related changes were found in the content of immunoglobulins or in the differential cell counts of respiratory cells. Bacterial cultures of BAL were invariably contaminated with resident flora of the upper respiratory tract. Therefore, in determining the etiology of pulmonary infections, the results of such cultures should be interpreted with caution. As an aid to diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in dogs, the analysis of BAL fluid components could be helpful when compared with findings in healthy animals.
The Histological Appearance of Peroral Small Intestinal Biopsies in Clinically Healthy Dogs and Dogs with Chronic Diarrhea
Authors: van der Gaag Ingrid , Happe R. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA survey of the histology of 2,024 small intestinal suction and forceps biopsies in 400 dogs, consisting of 17 clinically healthy control dogs and 383 dogs with chronic diarrhea is presented. Three and a half percent of the suction biopsies and 22. 6 percent of the forceps biopsies were unsuitable for examination, making a diagnosis impossible in 9 dogs, and in 0. 4 percent antral mucosa was present. Biopsies could be obtained from the proximal one third of the small intestine. The normal histology, including mean villous length, its standard deviation and its range is described in the 17 control dogs. A classification of enteritis in dogs is given. Villous atrophy without enteritis was found in 55 dogs with chronic diarrhea; 51 dogs had moderate and four severe villous atrophy. Villous atrophy combined with enteritis was found in 93 dogs, 57 of which had lymphocytic‐plasmacytic enteritis, 14 had eosinophilic enteritis, six catarrhal, four ulcerative, 11a combination of lymphocytic‐plasmacytic and eosinophilic enteritis and one dog had a combination of lymphocytic‐plasmacytic and catarrhal enteritis. Enteritis without villous atrophy was found in 50 dogs: 39 had lymphocytic‐plasmacytic enteritis, four eosinophilic, two catarrhal, one purulent (microabscesses), three a combination of lymphocytic‐plasmacytic and eosinophilic enteritis and one dog had focal necrosis. Twelve dogs showed a lymphosarcoma and in eight other dogs a differential diagnosis of lymphosarcoma and/or enteritis was made. One carcinoma was found. Other findings were hemorrhages, oedema, erosions, muscular hypertrophy in the villi, an increased or decreased number of intraepithelial lymphcoytes, an increased or decreased number of goblet cells, lymphangiectasia, crypt cysts, crypt abscesses and gastric metaplasia. Some breeds, such as the German Shepherd dog, Bouvier des Flandres, Spaniel, Collie, Great Dane and Retriever appear to be more susceptable than other breeds for villous atrophy and enteritis. A slight prevalence of the German Shepherd dog, Doberman Pinscher and Rottweiler was also observed for eosinophilic enteritis. Mild villous atrophy is mostly found in dogs aged 0–4 years, whereas severe villous atrophy is found in dogs older than 4 years. Further breed, age or sex predisposition could not be found. The method appears especially useful for diffuse mucosal lesions of the proximal small intestine.
Metabolic Balance and Reproductive Performance in Finnish Dairy Cows
Authors: Miettinen P. V. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe relationships between energy level and reproductive performance were studied in 24 dairy cows, which were fed grass silage. Serum glucose and blood acetoacetate (AA) and β‐hydroxybutyrate (HB) were measured 10, 15, 30 and 50 days postpartum. The cows were examined clinically by rectal palpation 3 times a week during 8 weeks postpartum. The time required for the complete uterine involution and the onset of ovarian activity were recorded. The pregnancy rate at the first insemination and the interval from calving to conception were obtained for each cow.The correlations between blood glucose and ketone bodies were negative, but they were significant only at days 15 and 30 for AA and at day 30 for HB. A low energy level in early puerperium caused a delay in uterine involution and in the onset of ovarian activity. The low energy balance in puerperium prolonged the interval from calving to the first insemination and the interval from calving; to conception. The earlier the ovarian activity started the shorter was the interval from calving to conception. The energy level in early puerperium had a greater influence on the interval from calving to conception, whereas in late puerperium it was more important with regard to the interval from calving to the first insemination. Blood glucose had also a significant effect on the reproductive performance. The adverse influence of ketone bodies on fertility depended on duration and timing of their increased levels; the longer and later in puerperium the cow has elevated ketone bodies, the lower is the fertility. Cows which had increased ketone body levels at day 50 were inseminated later, had a longer interval from calving to conception and needed more inseminations per conception than the non‐ketotic animals. If shorter calving intervals are desired, adequate nutrition is essential after calving.
A Comparative Study of Different Methods for Measurement of Rheumatoid Factor in Dog Serum
Authors: Thoren‐Toixing Kerstin 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was developed and compared with two routinely used methods, latex agglutination and Rose‐Waaler hemagglutination, for the measurement of Rheumatoid Factor (RF) in dog serum. The frequency of positive samples for IgM‐RF was rather low, about 8–12% of the 460 dogs with different rheumatic disorders being classified as positive by these methods. It was further concluded that the latex agglutination test used in this study (Synbiotics CRF Kit) should be performed only on heat inactivated serum (56 °C for 30 minutes) thereby significantly reducing the frequency of weak, probably false, positive agglutination reactions. When this was considered, a significant correlation was obtained for the three different techniques for RF estimation in serum from normal control as well as rheumatic diseased dogs.
Direct Measurement of Mucosal Surface pH of Pig Jejunumin vivo
Authors: McEwan G. T. A. , Schousboe B. , Skadhauge E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe mucosal surface pH of pig jejunum was measuredin vivo. When the pH in the bulk phase of the perfusing buffer solution was 7. 10, the pH at the mucosa (as measured by a miniaturised glass pH electrode) was 6. 19 ± 0. 04 (n = 19). This relatively acidic mucosal surface pH is not an anoxic artefact since anoxia resulted in a significant alkalinisation of the mucosa. This finding, that the pig, like man and the rat, has a jejunal “acid microclimate” has important implications for weak electrolyte absorption from the upper small intestine of this species as well as for any other pH dependent brush border process.
Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Heterogeneity of Insulin Responses in Cows with Abomasal Displacement
Authors: Holtenius P. , Tråvén Madeleine 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInjections of glucagon in dairy cows resulted in a rapid and marked increase in serum insulin and also in plasma glucose. Glucagon injection appears to be a simple and useful method for testing insulin secretion and glucose release.There was a somewhat reduced insulin response 2 weeks after calving in normal cows.Cows given high intensity feeding before calving showed higher plasma glucose levels in the glucagon test 3 days post partum and showed signs of reduced sensitivity to insulin action.Cows with abomasal displacement showed impaired glucose tolerance and heterogeneity of insulin responses indicating insulin resistance and signs of Type 2 (non‐insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus.
Cortisol, T4, T3und T‐uptake‐Bestimmung in Serum und Plasma von Pferden mittels Fluoreszenz‐Polarisations‐Immunoassays (FPIAs)
Authors: Lindner A. , Will Y. , Wilkniss E. , Chrispeels J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDetermination of Cortisol, T4, T3and T‐Uptake in Equine Plasma and Serum with Fluorescence‐Polarization‐Immunoassays (FPIA)The influence of duration and temperature of storage on hormone levels of whole blood, plasma and serum of horses was investigated. Using FPIAs Cortisol, T4and T‐uptake could be measured while the T3‐FPIA did not work appropriately.Serum and Plasma stored under the same conditions did not show any difference in Cortisol, T4and T‐uptake values.In frozen heparinized plasma samples analysed on different days the Cortisol and T4concentrations fluctuated markedly. The T‐uptake values were rather stable. The smallest day by day changes of Cortisol and T4in plasma were found when storing the samples at 20–22°C. At 4°C Cortisol decreased markedly while for T4a clear trend was not found. The Cortisol concentration in whole blood stored at 4°C decreased more markedly than in samples stored at 20–22°C. T4remained stable in whole blood samples stored at 20–22°C over 4 days while showing fluctuations in samples stored at 4°C.ZusammenfassungEs wurde der Einfluß von Lagerungsdauer und ‐temperatur auf die Konzentration von Hormo‐nen in Vollblut‐, Plasma‐ und Serumproben von Perden untersucht.Mittels FPIAs konnte Cortisol, T4und T‐uptake im Blutplasma und ‐serum bestimmt werden. Die für das Plasma und Serum ermittelten Werte stimmten dabei gut überein. Dagegen envies sich der T3‐FPIA für Pferdeblutplasma als ungeeignet.In tiefgefrorenem Na‐Heparinat‐Plasma schwankten die Cortisol‐ und T4‐Werte von Analyse‐tag zu Analysetag erheblich. Die gemessenen T‐uptake‐Werte waren stabiler. Die geringsten Verände‐rungen für Cortisol und T4, in bezug auf die am Tag der Blutentnahme gemessenen Werte, wurden bei 20–22°C aufbewahrtem Plasma gefunden. Dagegen sank die Cortisol‐Konzentration mit zunehmen‐der Lagerungsdauer in den bei 4°C gelagerten Plasmaproben deutlich. T4verhielt sich uneinheitlich.Die Cortisol‐Konzentration verringerte sich in bei 4°C gelagerten Vollblutproben, in Abhängig‐keit von der Lagerungsdauer, starker als in den bei 20–22°C aufbewahrten. Der T4‐Wert der Vollblutproben blieb bei 20–22°C über 4 Tage stabil, schwankte dagegen bei 4°C ohne einheitliche Tendenz.