bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Catalytic Soot Oxidation by 3DOM Perovskite‐Type La0.5‐xKxSr0.5CoO3‐δ Catalysts: Structural Insights and K Substitution
Authors: Xiong Jing , Yu Xiaoxiao , Zhang Peng , Li Yuanfeng , Ma Yaxiao , Xu Linsheng , Zhang Sicheng , Gao Jie , Liu Jian , Zhao Zhen , Wei Yuechang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA series of 3DOM La0.5‐xKxSr0.5CoO3‐δ catalysts were synthesized using colloidal crystal templating and citric acid complexation methods. The substitution of K ions for A‐site La ions was found to markedly enhance the catalysts’ intrinsic activity, with the La0.4K0.1Sr0.5CoO3‐δ catalyst showing exceptional performance comparable to commercial precious metal catalysts. The La0.4K0.1Sr0.5CoO3‐δ catalyst demonstrated the highest catalytic activity, with T10, T50, and T90 values of 280 °C, 335 °C, and 387 °C, respectively. The enhancement in intrinsic activity is primarily attributed to the electron‐donating effect of K ions which maintains charge conservation and consequently increases the concentration of surface oxygen vacancies, leading to the formation of abundant active oxygen species. Additionally, the catalysts exhibited a highly ordered macroporous structure with interconnected pores, facilitating the diffusion of soot particles and enhancing contact efficiency with active sites. These findings not only advance the understanding of the structure‐performance relationship in perovskite catalysts but also pave the way for the development of cost‐effective catalysts for low‐temperature soot abatement.
Poly(Ferrocenylene Iminoborane) and the Merging of 1,1’‐Ferrocenylene with p‐Phenylene Iminoborane Building Blocks into Alternating Copolymers, Oligomers, and Macrocycles
Authors: Schneider Johannes S. , Zeh Vivien , Klopf Jonas , Schneider Philipp M. , Bachmann Jonas , Krummenacher Ivo , Braunschweig Holger , Helten Holger 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe combination of redox‐active ferrocene moieties, conjugated B=N units, and p‐phenylene building blocks in linearly concatenated architectural arrangements has been explored. Oligo‐ and poly(ferrocenylene iminoborane)s have been successfully prepared, whereby in the latter case, the formation of linear polymers vs. discrete molecular macrocycles could be largely influenced by the polymerization conditions applied. In addition, a series of well‐defined co‐oligomers composed of ferrocenylene and p‐phenylene moieties bridged by one or two B=N units in all possible combinations have been prepared, many of which have been structurally characterized using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Pendent triisopropylphenyl groups on boron provide pronounced kinetic stabilization. Polycondensation of complementary monomers gave copolymers comprising alternating ferrocenylene and p‐phenylene iminoborane building blocks, which were found to be cyclic in nature. UV‐vis absorption spectroscopic and electrochemical studies provided highly valuable insights into the interaction of the different moieties over the B=N bonds, particularly, the electronic communication between the electroactive ferrocene units.
Aluminum Photosensitizers on Trial: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Photophysical and Photobiological Properties of Tris(Dipyrrinato)Aluminum(III) Complexes with Long‐Lived Triplet States
Authors: Melissari Zoi , Twamley Brendan , Gomes‐da‐Silva Lígia C. , O'Brien John E. , Schaberle Fábio A. , Kingsbury Christopher J. , Williams René M. , Senge Mathias O. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMetal coordination compounds are currently a focus of research in developing new photosensitizers for materials and medicinal applications. As an abundant element in the earth's crust aluminum is a suitable target element. However, only limited studies are available on its use in photoactive systems. We now report the facile preparation of a library of homoleptic tris(dipyrrinato)aluminum(III) [AL(DIPY)3] complexes. The majority of complexes was characterized by single crystal X‐ray analysis and their photophysical properties upon photoexcitation and their tendency to react with the molecular oxygen of the microenvironment and generate singlet oxygen ‐ in polar and non‐polar environment was investigated. These studies are complemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations to assess the possible electronic distribution on the frontier molecular orbitals within the complexes. As a result of charge transfer states, long‐lived triplet excited states were formed and allowed for singlet oxygen generation. An initial screening of the AL(DIPY)3 complexes via in vitro phototoxicity studies against a mouse colon carcinoma cell line (CT26) was promising as these complexes were able to trigger cell death upon irradiation at nanomolar and micromolar concentrations. The results highlight the potential of aluminum dipyrrin complexes as a broadly applicable class of photosensitizers.
Embedding Coupled Pd/Fe Sites in Electrospun MOF‐Derived Carbon Nanofibers Achieves Efficient and Durable Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Liang Yun , Shi Junyu , Wang Dandan , Li Qiaoxia , Xu Qunjie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHigh costs, poor durability of Pt electrocatalysts, and the low performance of non‐precious metals hinder the large‐scale commercialization of fuel cells. To address these challenges, a bimetallic, highly dispersed catalyst containing Pd and Fe uniformly distributed on porous nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofibers was developed. This catalyst demonstrated remarkable oxygen reduction catalytic performance. The Pd−Fe−N−C catalyst exhibited catalytic activity 4.6 times higher than that of the JM 20 % Pt/C catalyst, despite containing only 0.62 wt. % Pd. Moreover, it achieved a half‐wave potential (E1/2=0.953 V vs. RHE) that is 40 mV higher than the JM 20 % Pt/C catalyst (0.913 V vs. RHE). Significantly, with a total metal content of just 1.19 wt. %, the E1/2 of Pd−Fe−N−C catalyst decreased by only 1 mV after 10,000 cycles, highlighting its exceptional durability. Furthermore, a stability test revealed a current retention rate of 84.87 % after 50,000 s of operation, with no evidence of agglomeration. These results suggest that combining electrostatic spinning of MOFs with pyrolysis provides an effective and innovative method for synthesizing electrocatalysts with reduced reliance on precious metals.
Regio‐ and Redox Divergent Hydrated Ring Expansion of Butafulvenes
Authors: Zhou Bo‐Chao , Song Ting‐Ting , Chen Bing‐Zhi , Xu Shan‐Tong , Liu Yong , Ji Ding‐Wei , Wan Boshun , Chen Qing‐An 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBy providing highly functionalized building blocks in an efficient approach, catalytic hydration of alkenes plays a significant role in fundamental chemical transformations and pharmaceutical synthesis. However, hydration reactions have predominantly involved addition reactions of water and alkenes double bond. Herein, we developed a regio‐ and redox divergent hydrated ring expansion protocol of butafulvenes. With the aid of PdII or acid catalysis, various highly functionalized and unsaturated cyclopentanone derivatives could be obtained in high regioselectivities under oxidative or redox neutral conditions. Isotope labeling experiments suggest that the carbonylic oxygen atom of target product is derived from water. In addition, the unsaturated cyclopentanone intermediate could undergo divergent transformations and serve as a key molecule to create skeletal editing compounds of butafulvenes via one‐pot protocol, which highlights the potential applications of this strategy.
Future Blast Furnace
Authors: Rosenberg Dominique , Wagner Tom , Hallmann Anne 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEisen ist ein zentraler Rohstoff für die Herstellung zahlreicher Alltagsprodukte wie Besteck, Fahrzeuge und Kochtöpfe. Die Eisen‐ und Stahlindustrie stellt daher einen bedeutenden, jedoch energieintensiven Industriezweig in Deutschland dar, der erhebliche Mengen an Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) freisetzt. Ein aktuelles Pilotprojekt untersucht den Einsatz von grünem Wasserstoff als alternatives Reduktionsmittel im Hochofenprozess, um die CO2‐Emissionen bei der Eisenproduktion zu senken. Der folgende Kurzartikel stellt ein vereinfachtes Experiment vor, das den Hochofenprozess mit Wasserstoff im Unterricht veranschaulicht und didaktisch aufbereitet integriert.
Chemotherapy dose density is prognostic for overall survival in patients with resectable pancreas cancer: A landmark analysis of SWOG 1505
Authors: Patel Sameer H. , Colby Sarah , Sohal Davendra , Guthrie Katherine A. , Kachnic Lisa A. , Chiorean E. Gabriela , Lowy Andrew M. , Rocha Flavio G. , Hochster Howard S. , Philip Philip A. , Ahmad Syed A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy is required to improve the overall survival (OS) of patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Assessing the impact of chemotherapy dose density (DD) on survival is difficult as a result of confounding. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of chemotherapy DD on OS in patients with resectable PDAC.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of SWOG 1505, a randomized phase 2 trial of perioperative chemotherapy in resectable PDAC. DD was defined as the percentage of chemotherapy dose received of the total planned. Two landmark time points for OS were used: after surgery and at 40 weeks (which encompassed the entire treatment period).ResultsOf the 102 eligible patients enrolled, 73 (71%) underwent surgery, and median preoperative chemotherapy DD was 89%. Patients with ≥85% DD had higher OS compared to those with <85% DD (median, 38.1 vs. 17.2 months; p = .039). Of the 82 patients who survived to 40 weeks postrandomization, 67 underwent surgery, and median DD for all perioperative chemotherapy was 67%. In this cohort, DD ≥70% was associated with better OS (median, 32.2 vs. 14.0 months; p = .017). Perioperative DD was not significantly associated with pathologic response, margin status, or lymph node negativity.ConclusionsThis is the first study to identify a prognostic association of chemotherapy DD with OS in patients undergoing perioperative chemotherapy and surgery for resectable PDAC. Patients who received ≥85% DD preoperatively and/or ≥70% DD perioperatively survived longer than those receiving a smaller proportion of protocol therapy.
Basal Forebrain Projections to the Retrosplenial and Cingulate Cortex in Rats
Authors: Kondo Hideki , Zaborszky Laszlo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe basal forebrain (BF) plays a crucial role in modulating cortical activation through its widespread projections across the cortical mantle. Previous anatomical studies have demonstrated that each cortical region receives a specific projection from the BF. In this study, we examined BF cholinergic and non‐cholinergic projections to the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) using two retrograde tracers, Fast Blue (FB) and Fluoro‐Gold (FG), in combination with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunostaining in rats. The RSC and ACC receive cholinergic and non‐cholinergic projections mainly from the medial part of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB) and the vertical limb of the diagonal band (VDB). The main difference of BF projections to the RSC, ACC, and prelimbic cortex (PL) is that the ACC and PL receive projections from the rostral half of the medial globus pallidus (GP), whereas the RSC receives stronger non‐cholinergic projections from the VDB and medial septum (MS). As the injection site shifts from rostral (PL) to caudal (RSC) through the ACC, the strong GP and weak MS/VDB projections of non‐cholinergic neurons are reversed. Cholinergic projection neurons make up a similar proportion of the total projection neurons in both ACC (37%) and RSC (33%) injections. Double retrograde tracer injections in the RSC and ACC revealed a small number of double‐labeled projection neurons in the MS/VDB and HDB. These findings indicate that the ACC and RSC receive both spatially overlapping and differential projections from the BF, with the cholinergic and non‐cholinergic projections varying between BF subregions and different rostrocaudal cortical regions.
N‐, S‐Codoped Porous Carbon With Trace Single‐Atom Fe for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction With Robust Poison Resistance and Efficient Rechargeable Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Sun Yu , Wang Lihui , Li Haibo , Zeng Suyuan , Li Rui , Yao Qingxia , Chen Hongyan , Qu Konggang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPt‐based electrocatalysts in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have severely hindered large‐scale application of relevant energy technologies. Carbon composites codoped with heteroatoms and transition metals are considered the most likely alternatives to Pt, but they still have the limitation of poor tolerance to poisons. Thus, exploration of advanced electrocatalysts with superior activity and high poison resistance is of great significance in practical applications. Herein, a low‐cost lysozyme was first directly used to fabricate single‐atomic Fe anchored on porous N‐, S‐codoped carbon (Fe‐PNSC) using a simple “mix‐and‐pyrolyze” method, which has a honeycomb‐like porous structure with a large surface area of 957.69 m²/g, adequate pores of 0.71 cm³/g, and rich heteroatom doping of 4.66 at.% N, 1.9 at.% S, and 0.18 wt.% single‐atomic Fe. Accordingly, Fe‐PNSC displays an onset potential of 1.08 V and a half‐wave potential of 0.86 V for ORR, strong stability with 96.87% current retention, and robust resistance to methanol and various poisons, all outperforming Pt/C. Additionally, the Fe‐PNSC–based zinc–air battery shows a high peak power density of 122.2 mW cm−2, good specific capacity and energy density of 787 mAh gZn−1 and 975.9 Wh kgZn−1, respectively, and remarkable rechargeable stability for 300 h, superior to Pt/C‐based ones.
Global Sensitivity Analysis of a Novel Signaling Network for Heart Growth With Local IGF1 Production
Authors: Bilas Christian , Kratzer Claus , Hinrichs Arne , Maier Andreas , Wildhirt Stephen , Wolf Eckhard , Gee Michael W. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSignaling networks can be used to describe the dynamic interplay of hormonal and mechanical factors that regulate heart growth. However, a qualitative analysis of signaling networks is often difficult due to their complexity and nonlinear behavior. In this work, a global sensitivity analysis of signaling networks is conducted to determine the most influential factors for heart growth over a range of model inputs. Furthermore, the local production of the hormone insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in response to high mechanical stretches as recently described by Zaman et al.(Immunity, 54, 2057) and Wong et al.(Immunity, 54, 2072) is incorporated. The computational results show that this increases the influence of mechanical stretch on heart growth significantly. Further key influential factors are the hormones norepinephrine (NE), angiotensin II (AngII), and globally produced IGF1 (g‐IGF1). Our sensitivity analysis indicates that the novel consideration of local IGF1 (l‐IGF1) production has to be considered in signaling networks for heart growth.
Microfluidic Generation of Calcium Alginate Hydrogel Beads using External Gelation for Microalgae Cultivation
Authors: Tuan Tran Du , Malekpour Galogahi Fariba , Nguyen Nhat‐Khuong , Roshan Uditha , Singh Yadav Ajeet , Rajan Sreejith Kamalalayam , Nguyen Nam‐Trung 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCalcium alginate hydrogel beads are spherical polymeric particles with highly crosslinked network structures, known for their excellent monodispersity and retention capabilities. These beads, produced by high‐throughput droplet‐based microfluidic techniques, are widely used for encapsulating and cultivating various microscopic particles such as cells. While internal gelation has been commonly utilized for crosslinking of calcium alginate hydrogel beads in microalgae encapsulation, the use of external gelation remains underexplored. This study utilized droplet‐based microfluidic technology combined with external gelation to produce calcium alginate hydrogel beads for encapsulating the microalgal strain Chlorella vulgaris. Emulsions containing emulsified calcium ions served as the crosslinking phase. Initial geometrical analysis indicated that beads crosslinked with a high concentration of calcium ions (1 g/mL) achieve superior size uniformity and shape consistency. Microalgae cultivation experiments using these beads demonstrated steady growth of Chlorella vulgaris over a 5‐day period, with the beads maintaining their geometric stability until the final day when minor cell leakage was observed. These results provide a foundation for future molecular‐level studies on microalgae cultivation in hydrogel beads and suggest potential applications in fields requiring precisely controlled microalgae growth.
Assessment of Health‐Related Quality of Life in Thai Endometrial Cancer Patients: A Comparative Analysis Using EQ5D Utility Scores Across States
Authors: Poonyakanok Vitcha , Eagjeen Jitra , Kwangngoen Tepnaree , Leelahavarong Pattara , Chitpim Natthakan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundRates of endometrial cancer, the sixth most common in women, are rising. HRQoL, reflecting health beyond clinical contexts, includes disabilities and daily functioning impacts. Measured by various tools such as EuroQoL‐5 Dimensions (EQ‐5D‐5L), it aids in economic evaluation of interventions.AimsThe purpose of this study was to analyze Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), measured by the EQ‐5D‐5L instrument, in different states of endometrial cancer (EC) patients.Methods and ResultsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study on EC patients who underwent follow‐up at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, between January and June 2023. Patients were classified into five groups: early state, advanced state, curative state, locoregional recurrent state, and distant recurrent/progression state. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected. EQ‐5D‐5L and visual analog scale instruments (EQ‐VAS) were used to compared between disease states. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics, and the Mann–Whitney U test (p ≤ 0.05) compared EQ‐5D‐5L scores across groups.The study included 56 EC patients, with a mean age of 60.1 ± 10.9 years and a mean BMI of 26.8 ± 5.3 kg/m2. The EQ‐5D scores were as follows: 0.9055 (IQR 0.8193–0.9436) for the early state, 0.8308 (IQR 0.7997–0.8611) for the advanced state, 0.9235 (IQR 0.8521–0.9855) for the curative state, 0.9096 (IQR 0.6249–0.9577) for the locoregional recurrent state and 0.5778 (IQR 0.2884–0.8521) for the distant recurrent/progressive state. The median EQ‐VAS for each state was 70, 75, 82.5, 75, and 65, respectively. The EQ‐5D values had significantly deteriorated after distant metastasis/progression compared to curative states (p‐value = 0.003). Mobility and pain/discomfort appeared to be the two main concerns.ConclusionThe findings show the substantial negative impact of distant metastasis or disease progression on HRQoL. These findings will be used to guide future economic research in the field of endometrial cancer treatment.
Lymph Node Invasion by Melanoma Cells Is Not Required for the Induction of Incomplete Differentiation by Tumor‐Specific CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Hargadon Kristian M. , Goodloe Travis B. , Woodall Stephen L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLymph node invasion by cancer cells is a poor prognostic factor and is often associated with anti‐tumor CD8+ T cell dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the role of lymph node invasion by melanoma cells in the induction of incomplete differentiation by tumor antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells.AimsWe aimed to determine whether lymph node invasion by melanoma cells is required for this specific form of anti‐tumor CD8+ T cell dysfunction.Methods and ResultsWe assessed lymph node invasion by the B16‐F1 and D5.1G4 murine melanoma cell lines and evaluated tumor antigen‐specific CD8+ T cell responses to these melanomas in the context of tumor‐free versus tumor‐involved lymph nodes. We demonstrate that CD8+ T cells recognizing antigen from established melanomas fail to acquire effector function, regardless of whether the tumor is stable or progressive. This CD8+ T cell dysfunction arises in the context of both tumor‐involved and tumor‐free lymph nodes draining established melanomas.ConclusionsLymph node invasion by melanoma cells is not required for the induction of incomplete CD8+ T cell differentiation. These data and their implications for strategies to enhance CD8+ T cell responses against poorly immunogenic melanomas are discussed herein.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy overlap syndrome mimicking a pontine mass: The utility of brainstem biopsy
Authors: Xie Vivien X. , Vezina Gilbert , Myseros John S. , Ramachandran Nair Lakshmi , Wells Elizabeth M. , Siegel Benjamin I. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveDiffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are high‐grade tumors with a dismal prognosis and are classically diagnosed by radiologic features. DIPG is a critical differential consideration for a pediatric patient presenting with an infiltrative brainstem mass. However, inflammatory and infectious etiologies must also be considered, especially in individuals with atypical radiographic features. In a carefully selected clinical scenario, biopsy can be employed to quickly diagnose and direct treatment for patients with brainstem masses.ResultsThis 10‐year‐old girl presented with acute onset of dysarthria, ataxia, left‐sided weakness, hypertonicity, and dysmetria. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an infiltrative pontine lesion with atypical features for that of DIPG or specific inflammatory disease. Due to rapid clinical deterioration, stereotactic brainstem biopsy was performed for diagnostic clarity and showed inflammation but no malignant cells. She was then treated for a presumed antibody‐mediated autoimmune etiology with evaluation later revealing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy overlap syndrome.InterpretationWe present a novel example of pediatric NMOSD and autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy overlap syndrome originally presenting as an infiltrative pontine mass. Our report highlights the safety and utility of brainstem biopsy for brainstem masses atypical for DIPG.