bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of internal fixator flexibility on murine fracture healing as characterized by mechanical testing and microCT imaging
Authors: Steck Roland , Ueno Masaki , Gregory Laura , Rijken Noortje. , Wullschleger Martin E. , Itoman Moritoshi , Schuetz Michael A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMechanically well‐defined stabilization systems have only recently become available, providing standardized conditions for studying the role of the mechanical environment on mouse bone fracture healing. The aim of this study was to characterize the time course of strength recovery and callus development of mouse femoral osteotomies stabilized with either low or high flexibility (in bending and torsion) internal fixation plates. Animals were euthanized and femora excised at 14, 21, and 28 days post‐osteotomy for microCT analysis and torsional strength testing. While a larger mineralized callus was observed in osteotomies under more flexible conditions at all time points, the earlier bridging of the mineralized callus under less flexible conditions by 1 week resulted in an earlier recovery of torsional strength in mice stabilized with low flexibility fixation. Ultimate torque values for these bones were significantly higher at 14 and 21 days post‐osteotomy compared to bones with the more flexible stabilization. Our study confirms the high reproducibility of the results that are achieved with this new implant system, therefore making it ideal for studying the influence of the mechanical environment on murine fracture healing under highly standardized conditions. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1245–1250, 2011
Integrin‐associated tyrosine kinase FAK affects Cbfa1 expression
Authors: Schneider Galen B. , Zaharias Rebecca , Seabold Denise , Stanford Clark 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFollowing cell adhesion, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) autophosphorylates on tyrosine and regulates intracellular signaling cascades that regulate cell growth and differentiation. The hypothesis of this study was FAK mediates osteoblast differentiation dependent Cbfa1 expression. Slowly mineralizing UI and rapidly mineralizing UMR‐106‐01 BSP osteoblasts formed focal adhesions; however, the level of FAK in UI focal adhesions was less than that seen in BSP cells. UI cultures had less FAK expression (p < 0.05) along with elevated levels of FAK phosphotyrosine in comparison to rapidly mineralizing BSP cultures. Mineralization decreased in a dose‐dependent manner in response to Herbimycin A, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Overexpression of FAK in UI cells led to a fourfold increase in Cbfa1 gene expression (p < 0.02), and an increase in Cbfa1 protein expression. These results suggest that the integrin‐associated tyrosine kinase FAK contributes to the regulation of the osteoblast differentiation in part through the regulation of Cbfa1 expression. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1443–1447, 2011
Enhanced inactivation of bacteria by metal‐oxide nanoparticles combined with visible light irradiation
Authors: Lipovsky Anat , Gedanken Aharon , Nitzan Yeshayahu , Lubart Rachel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years nano‐metaloxides which easily penetrate into the cells with special interest due to their higher chemical reactivity as compared to that of similar materials in the bulk form. Of particular interest are nano‐TiO2 and ZnO, which have been widely used for their bactericidal and anticancerous properties.PurposeThe aim of the present study was to examine the bactericidal properties of nano‐TiO2 and ZnO combined with visible light on S. aureus and S. epidermitis, known for their high prevalence in infected wounds.StudyUsing the technique of electron‐spin resonance (ESR) coupled with spin trapping, we examined the ability of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticle suspensions in water to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) with and without visible light irradiation. The possibility of exciting these nanoparticles with visible light in order to enhance their antimicrobial activity was also tested.ResultsElectron‐spin resonance measurements revealed that ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles are able to produce ROS in water suspension. A remarkable enhancement of ROS production was found following illumination with blue light. In addition, illumination significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles.ConclusionThe results suggest that nanoparticles combined with visible light can be used for sterilization purposes and may be effective for treating infected wounds. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:236–240, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Global existence and blow‐up of solutions for nonlinear viscoelastic wave equation with degenerate damping and source
Authors: Han Xiaosen , Wang Mingxin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the global existence and finite time blow‐up of solutions to the nonlinear viscoelastic equation

associated with initial and Dirichlet boundary conditions. Here ∂j denote the sub‐differential of j. Under suitable assumptions on g(·), j(·) and the parameters in the equation, we obtain the global existence of generalized solutions, weak solutions for the equation. The finite time blow‐up of weak solutions for the equation is also established provided the initial energy is negative and the exponent p is greater than the critical value k + m. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Distance geometry in quasihypermetric spaces. III
Authors: Nickolas Peter , Wolf Reinhard 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLet (X, d) be a compact metric space and let \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathcal {M}(X)$\end{document} denote the space of all finite signed Borel measures on X. Define \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$I :\mathcal {M}(X)\longrightarrow \mathbb {R}$\end{document} by

and set $M(X) = \sup I(\mu ),$ where μ ranges over the collection of signed measures in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathcal {M}(X)$\end{document} of total mass 1. This paper, with two earlier papers [Peter Nickolas and Reinhard Wolf, Distance geometry in quasihypermetric spaces. I and II], investigates the geometric constant M(X) and its relationship to the metric properties of X and the functional‐analytic properties of a certain subspace of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathcal {M}(X)$\end{document} when equipped with a natural semi‐inner product. Specifically, this paper explores links between the properties of M(X) and metric embeddings of X, and the properties of M(X) when X is a finite metric space. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Understanding workplace deviant behavior in nonprofit organizations
Authors: Nair Nisha , Bhatnagar Deepti 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWorkplace deviant behavior has traditionally been studied with respect to business or for‐profit organizations. In this article, we argue that nonprofit organizations also experience deviance, and due to their unique characteristics, they deserve special attention for extending the understanding of workplace deviant behavior to other types of organizations. Based on a review of the literature on deviance, we develop a general model of workplace deviance that we apply to nonprofit organizations. Based on the integrative conceptual framework, we advance relevant propositions for understanding and explaining deviance in nonprofit organizations.
Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of nursing professionals and students in Beijing toward cardiovascular disease risk reduction
Authors: Wu Ying , Deng Ying , Zhang Ying 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe rising incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China intensifies the need for effective health education for CVD risk reduction. The purpose of this study was to develop a description of nurses' knowledge about, attitudes toward, practice behaviors, and personal lifestyle behaviors related to CVD risk reduction. We surveyed 273 staff nurses, 35 nursing faculty, and 139 nursing students in Beijing. Most nurses could identify common risk factors for CVD and had positive attitudes toward CVD risk reduction. However, less than 58% of the respondents could correctly answer questions about evidence‐based recommendations for CVD risk reduction. This sample of Chinese nursing professionals and students lacked knowledge critical to providing guidance to individuals with or at risk for CVD. More intensive and creative approaches to the education of nursing professionals regarding CVD risk reduction are recommended. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 34:228–240, 2011
Formation of higher cyclic oligomers in polyamide‐4,6
Authors: Rulkens R. , Peters R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn example of morphology‐steered chemistry of cyclic oligomers with the example of polyamide‐4,6 (PA46) is discussed in this article. The cyclic oligoamide profiles of solid‐state post condensed PA46 show an unusual maximum for intermediate cycles consisting of 10 and 12 amide groups, which are formed in the initial stage of solid state post condensation. This is explained from the short chain length at the start of the post condensation, the preorganization of linear oligomers in the lamellar crystal structure, and the occurrence of amide units in the PA46 lamellar folds. Further the development of the cyclic oligomers up to the cyclic hexadecamide is followed on heating the base polymer in the melt at 310 °C, where it showed to react back to the theoretical Jacobsen and Stockmayer distribution. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Deposition of Titania‐containing Diamond‐like Carbon Nanocomposite Films by Sputtering‐assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Chen Kuo‐Cheng , Hong Franklin Chau‐Nan , Jeng Yeau‐Ren 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTitania‐containing diamond‐like carbon (DLC) nanocomposite films were prepared by sputtering‐assisted plasma chemical vapor deposition. With titanium‐oxygen species sputtered from titania (TiO2) target by argon using a radio‐frequency (RF) power, DLC films were simultaneously grown on the negatively‐biased substrate by plasma chemical vapor deposition of acetylene gas using a pulsed direct‐current (DC) power. By adjusting the Ar/acetylene gas concentration, both TiO2 and TiC nanoparticles could be incorporated in the DLC films. TiO2 nanoparticles were mainly formed in the DLC matrix with TiO bond being the dominant bonding for Ti in the DLC films. Furthermore, the amount of TiO2 and TiC nanoparticles embedded in the DLC film increased with the increase of Ar concentration in the gas. The TiO2‐DLC nanocomposite films deposited at 80% Ar exhibited a high hardness of around 13 GPa at a relatively low stress and, particularly, a fast rate of turning super‐hydrophilic by reaching zero degree of water contact angle under 40 min of ultraviolet irradiation.
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Carbon Nanoparticle/Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Composite Thin Films Formed in ECR Plasma
Authors: Calafat Maria , Yuryev Pavel , Drenik Aleksander , Slim Aref , Clergereaux Richard 
Published: March 2011

AbstractComposite thin films are deposited from acetylene in a microwave multipolar plasma excited at distributed electron cyclotron resonance in one single process. The composite consists of carbon‐based nanoparticles embedded in a hydrogenated amorphous matrix. Effects of plasma duration and microwave power on the composite thin film are described along with the powder growth mechanisms. Indeed, two types of nanoparticles are formed: pure graphite‐like and graphite‐like shell with a metallic core. The first type grows from recombinations in the plasma phase, while core‐shelled starts from a metallic core generated from the reactor walls. These metallic clusters can be heated while immersed in the plasma which leads to catalytic growth of powders.
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Three novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the Indian bronzed frog Hylarana temporalis (Anura: Ranidae)
Authors: Reshmy V. , Preeji V. , Parvin A. , Santhoshkumar K. , George S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAmphibian skin secretion is considered as a rich source of bioactive peptides. The present work describes the successful identification of three novel peptides named brevinin‐1TEa, brevinin‐2TEa and brevinin‐2TEb present in the skin secretion of Indian bronzed frog Hylarana temporalis. The deduced open reading frame encoding the biosynthetic precursor of brevinin‐1TEa consisted of 70 amino acid residues and brevinin‐2TEa and brevinin‐2TEb consisted of 71 and 72 amino acids, respectively. All the three peptides showed higher antimicrobial activity against Gram‐negative than against Gram‐positive bacteria. On the basis of the antibacterial and haemolytic activity, brevinin‐2TEb is the most potent peptide reported in the present study. Further research on these peptides may provide potential clue towards newer drug development to combat various microbial diseases. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reinventing US Internal Migration Studies in the Age of International Migration
Authors: Ellis Mark 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTI argue that researchers have sidelined attention to issues raised by US internal migration as they shifted focus to the questions posed by the post‐1960s rise in US immigration. In this paper, I offer some reasons about why immigration has garnered more attention and why there needs to be greater consideration of US internal migration and its significant and myriad social, economic, political, and cultural impacts. I offer three ideas for motivating more research into US internal geographic mobility that would foreground its empirical and conceptual connections to international migration. First, there should be more work on linked migration systems investigating the connections between internal and international flows. Second, the questions asked about immigrant social, cultural, and economic impacts and adaptations in host societies should also be asked about internal migrants. Third, and more generally, migration researchers should jettison the assumption that the national scale is the pre‐eminent delimiter of migration types and processes. Some groups can move easily across borders; others are constrained in their moves within countries. These subnational scales and constraints will become more visible if migration research decentres the national from its theory and empirics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlations for paths in random orientations of G(n,p) and G(n,m)
Authors: Erick Alm Sven , Janson Svante , Linusson Svante 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe study random graphs, both G( n,p) and G( n,m), with random orientations on the edges. For three fixed distinct vertices s,a,b we study the correlation, in the combine probability space, of the events $\{a\to s\}$ and $\{s\to b\}$.For G(n,p), we prove that there is a $pc = 1/2$ such that for a fixed $p < pc$ the correlation is negative for large enough n and for $p > pc$ the correlation is positive for large enough n. We conjecture that for a fixed $n \ge 27$ the correlation changes sign three times for three critical values of p.For G(n,m) it is similarly proved that, with $p=m/({{n}\atop {2}})$, there is a critical pc that is the solution to a certain equation and approximately equal to 0.7993. A lemma, which computes the probability of non existence of any $\ell$ directed edges in G(n,m), is thought to be of independent interest.We present exact recursions to compute \input amssym $\Bbb{P}(a\to s)$ and \input amssym $\Bbb{P}(a\to s, s\to b)$. We also briefly discuss the corresponding question in the quenched version of the problem. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2011
Evaluating testing effectiveness during software evolution: a time‐series cross‐section approach
Authors: Hale Joanne E. , Hale David P. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYAs software evolution organizations (SEOs) formalize their activities into standard repeatable processes, capability maturity models suggest that they gather and analyze data to quantitatively manage their activities. This study examines the use of a time‐series cross‐section (TSCS) modeling approach to inform the quantitative management of the testing activities within a mature SEO. This paper describes the TSCS modeling approach and provides an exemplar case study that details its use. Data for the case study come from readily available, commonly gathered production and testing defect reports in the quantitative measurement efforts of ait CMMI‐DEV Level 3 assessed software development and evolution organization. Covering six independent projects for 43 months, the case study defines quality in terms of reported defects in the production code base. The predictors are the six projects and defect data identified in the unit, system, and regression testing activities logs. The case study also details how results from the TSCS analysis triggered causal analysis to improve the testing activities. The study provides evidence that TSCS models can be used as a quantitative problem identification tool for the mature (SMmm Level 3 or higher) SEO's testing activities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blind channel estimation for single‐input multiple‐output OFDM systems: zero padding based or cyclic prefix based?
Authors: Wang Song , Hu Jiankun 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTOrthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission equipped with multiple receive antennas constitutes a single‐input multiple‐output (SIMO) OFDM system. SIMO‐OFDM systems have been widely used in wireless communications. Compared to those approaches using training sequences, blind channel estimation methods for SIMO‐OFDM systems have the advantage of saving bandwidth and improving energy efficiency and system throughput. As far as blind channel identification is concerned, it is known that zero padding (ZP)‐based single‐input single‐output (SISO)‐OFDM systems have desirable features compared to conventional cyclic prefix (CP)‐based SISO‐OFDM systems. However, it is yet unknown whether ZP‐ or CP‐based SIMO‐OFDM systems are favourable for blind channel estimation. To investigate this problem, we first propose a short‐data effective method for blind channel estimation for ZP‐based SIMO‐OFDM systems. Then we analyse a number of issues surrounding blind channel estimation for ZP‐ and CP‐based SIMO‐OFDM systems. The issues brought up in the paper have not been discussed in the existing research. The significance of our investigation is that it provides a deep insight into blind channel estimation for ZP‐ and CP‐based SIMO‐OFDM systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Art. VIII.—Notes on the Locality and Population of the Tribes dwelling between the Brahmaputra and Ningthi Rivers
Authors: Damant G. H. 
Published: March 2011

My object in the following paper is to give a brief account of the wild tribes dwelling in the tract of country lying between the Brahmaputra and the Kaiendwen, Namtonai, or Ningthi, as it is indifferently called, the great western branch of the Irrawaddy.I shall not attempt to give any description of the manners and customs of these tribes, but shall confine myself to indicating the localities which they inhabit, their probable numbers, their principal villages, and the names by which they are known among themselves and to the people of the plains; this last is very important, as many instances have occurred where inquirers working in different parts of the same country have described what is essentially one and the same tribe under different names, and the result has been that people residing at a distance have in more than one instance supposed them to be distinct tribes.
Art. XVI.—Grammatical Sketch of the Kakhyen Language
Authors: Cushing J. N. 
Published: March 2011

The Kakhyen or Singpho are the most numerous people occupying the mountainous region stretching from Upper Assam across Northern Burma beyond the Chinese boundary into Yunan. In Burma they extend as far south as Momeit and Theinni.During the last forty years, at different times, more or less attention has been called to this interesting people. On the Assam side, Hannay, Robinson, Bronson, Brown and Dalton, and on the Burman side, Anderson, Bowers, and Roman Catholic and Protestant missionaries have published sketches of their language and mode of life.
Art. XVII.—Notes on the Libyan Languages in a Letter addressed to Robert N. Cust, Esq., Etc., Hon. Secretary R.A.S
Authors: Newman F. W. 
Published: March 2011

Dear Sir, — You have requested, me to write some account of the work which I have in hand concerning the Libyan languages. I cannot satisfy myself without a rather lengthy introduction, which must begin with some account of my sources of knowledge. It may be best to open these historically.Venture de Paradis, Professor of Turkish in the Paris School of Living Languages, initiated the study of the native language spoken on the highlands and slopes of Mount Atlas. He was well acquainted with Arabic and Persian, and was selected by Napoleon the First as “Secretary Interpreter” to the Chief of the Army in Egypt. The celebrated Amédée Jaubert, his successor in the Turkish Professorship, gives high testimony to his powers and activity.
Art. I.—The Apology of Al Kindy. An Essay on its Age and Authorship
Authors: Muir William 
Published: March 2011

Al Bîrûni, in his Vestiges of Ancient Nations, written A.D. 1000 (A.H. 390), while describing the customs of the Sabeans, cites the authority of Ibn Ishâc al Kindy, the Christian, in these words:“Likewise Abd al Masîh ihn Ishâc al Kindy, the Christian, in his reply to the Epistle of Abdallah ibn Ismaîl al Hâshimy, relates of them (the Sabeans) that they are notorious for Human sacrifice, but that at present they are not able to practise openly the same.”
Art. XVIII.—Arab Metrology. IV. Eḍ-Ḍahaby
Authors: Sauvaire M. H. 
Published: March 2011

[p. 1.] Ceci est un traité important, substantiel, utile, sur la détermination du derham, du meṭqâl, etc., par le maître, le très docte cheikh Eḍ-Ḍahaby, que Dieu lui fasse miséricorde et nous fasse profiter de lui et de sea connaissances! Ainsi soit-il![p. 2.] Au nom de Dieu clément, miséricordieux!Louange à Dieu, le maître des mondes! Que la prière et le salut reposent sur notre Seigneur Mohammad, sa famille, ses compagnons et les compagnons de ses compagnons (tâbé'yn)!Or donc, voici ce que dit Moustafa Eḍ-Ḍahaby, le châfé'îte: Ceci est un traité sur la détermination du derham, du metqâl, des monnaies ayant cours en Egypte (Mesr), de la quantité d'alliage qu'elles contiennent et du chiffre qu'elles fournissent comme quotité imposable (nésâb), ainsi que cela a été déterminé a l'hôtel des monnaies, et sur l'exposé des poids et des mesures de capacité.
Art. IX.—Chinese Antiquity
Authors: Allen Herbert J. 
Published: March 2011

The question of the antiquity of the Chinese nation has long exercised the minds of Sinologists, and various are the conclusions arrived at by them on the subject.Professor Lacouperie has pointed out that the Chinese are offshoots of the Accadian stock. This I am quite ready to admit; but I cannot agree with him in thinking that the early Chinese Emperors can be identified with Babylonian Kings about 2000 years B.C. There are no ancient monuments, inscribed sarcophagi and stones, or contemporary excessive antiquity; so we are compelled to criticize carefully the evidence handed down to us in the shape of the old Chinese classics.
Art. II.—The Lineage of “The Proud King.”
Authors: Chalmers Robert 
Published: March 2011

It is a far cry from Gotama the Buddha to Mr. William Morris; but it will be the object of these pages to establish the succession, not apostolic but literary, linking together the Victorian poet and the Indian sage of the fifth century B.C. Like the author of “The Earthly Paradise,” Gotama had an ear forThe gentle music of the bygone years,Long past to us with all their hopes and fears.