bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive Rendering of Interior Scenes with Dynamic Environment Illumination
Authors: Yue Yonghao , Iwasaki Kei , Chen Bing‐Yu , Dobashi Yoshinori , Nishita Tomoyuki 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA rendering system for interior scenes is proposed in this paper. The light reaches the interior scene, usually through small regions, such as windows or abat‐jours, which we call portals. To provide a solution, suitable for rendering interior scenes with portals, we extend the traditional precomputed radiance transfer approaches. In our approach, a bounding sphere, which we call a shell, of the interior, centered at each portal, is created and the light transferred from the shell towards the interior through the portal is precomputed. Each shell acts as an environment light source and its intensity distribution is determined by rendering images of the scene, viewed from the center of the shell. By updating the intensity distribution of the shell at each frame, we are able to handle dynamic objects outside the shells. The material of the portals can also be modified at run time (e.g. changing from transparent glass to frosted glass). Several applications are shown, including the illumination of a cathedral, lit by skylight at different times of a day, and a car, running in a town, at interactive frame rates, with a dynamic viewpoint.
Flow‐Based Automatic Generation of Hybrid Picture Mazes
Authors: Wong Fernando J. , Takahashi Shigeo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method for automatically generating a picture maze from two different images is introduced throughout this paper. The process begins with the extraction of salient contours and edge tangent flow information from the primary image in order to build the overall maze. Thus, mazes with passages flowing in the main edge directions and walls that effectively represent an abstract version of the primary image can be successfully created. Furthermore, our proposed approach makes possible the use of their solution path as a means of illustrating the main features of the secondary image, while attempting to keep its image motif concealed until the maze has been finally solved. The contour features and intensity of the secondary image are also incorporated into our method in order to determine the areas of the maze to be shaded by allowing the solution path to go through them. Moreover, an experiment has been conducted to confirm that solution paths can be successfully hidden from the participants in the mazes generated using our method.
Generalized Discrete Ricci Flow
Authors: Yang Yong‐Liang , Guo Ren , Luo Feng , Hu Shi‐Min , Gu Xianfeng 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSurface Ricci flow is a powerful tool to design Riemannian metrics by user defined curvatures. Discrete surface Ricci flow has been broadly applied for surface parameterization, shape analysis, and computational topology. Conventional discrete Ricci flow has limitations. For meshes with low quality triangulations, if high conformality is required, the flow may get stuck at the local optimum of the Ricci energy. If convergence to the global optimum is enforced, the conformality may be sacrificed.This work introduces a novel method to generalize the traditional discrete Ricci flow. The generalized Ricci flow is more flexible, more robust and conformal for meshes with low quality triangulations. Conventional method is based on circle packing, which requires two circles on an edge intersect each other at an acute angle. Generalized method allows the two circles either intersect or separate from each other. This greatly improves the flexibility and robustness of the method. Furthermore, the generalized Ricci flow preserves the convexity of the Ricci energy, this ensures the uniqueness of the global optimum. Therefore the algorithm won't get stuck at the local optimum.Generalized discrete Ricci flow algorithms are explained in details for triangle meshes with both Euclidean and hyperbolic background geometries. Its advantages are demonstrated by theoretic proofs and practical applications in graphics, especially surface parameterization.
Curvature Aware Fundamental Cycles
Authors: Diaz‐Gutierrez P. , Eppstein D. , Gopi M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe present a graph algorithm to find fundamental cycles aligned with the principal curvature directions of a surface. Specifically, we use the tree‐cotree decomposition of graphs embedded in manifolds, guided with edge weights, in order to produce these cycles. Our algorithm is very quick compared to existing methods, with a worst case running time ofO(nlogn+gn) wherenis the number of faces andgis the surface genus. Further, its flexibility to accommodate different weighting functions and to handle boundaries may be used to produce cycles suitable for a variety of applications and models.
When Do Siblings Compromise? Associations with Children's Descriptions of Conflict Issues, Culpability, and Emotions
Authors: Recchia Holly E. , Howe Nina 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study examined associations between children's descriptions of sibling conflicts and their resolutions during a structured negotiation task. A sample of 58 sibling dyads (older sibling M age = 8.39 years, younger sibling M = 6.06 years) were privately interviewed about an actual conflict. Each child provided a narrative that was coded for conflict issues, identified who was at fault, and described each sibling's conflict emotions. Children's subsequent conflict negotiations were coded for whether compromise outcomes were reached. Compromises were more likely when conflicts implicated physical harm and children reported experiencing sadness during their fights. Compromises were less likely when children believed that their sibling was solely culpable for a fight or they attributed more anger to self than to their sibling. Results also revealed various birth order, age group, and gender effects. Findings are discussed in light of moral domain theory, children's interpretive understanding of conflict, and goal‐based theories of emotions.
Public Education Financing Trends and the Gray Peril Hypothesis
Authors: LAMBERT DAYTON M. , CLARK CHRISTOPHER D. , WILCOX MICHAEL D. , PARK WILLIAM M. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe effects of migrating seniors on the provision of local public services in rural communities is growing in importance because of the large number of retiring baby boomers and the increasing rate at which these retirees are locating outside traditional retirement destinations. Some communities are optimistic about attracting and retaining retirees as an economic development strategy, but others are concerned that inmigrating seniors may be reluctant to support local public services, such as education, bringing with them “Gray Peril.” This article attempts to clarify questions regarding the Gray Peril hypothesis and local ability and willingness to fund education in Tennessee, an increasingly popular retirement destination. To this end, county per pupil education expenditure growth is explained by growth trends in local property tax assessment and sales tax revenue, and migration patterns of the retirement‐aged population from 1962 to 2002.
INCONGRUOUS IMAGES: “BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER” THE HOLOCAUST1
Authors: HIRSCH MARIANNE , SPITZER LEO 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTWhen historians, archivists, and museologists turn to Eastern European photos from family albums or collections—for example, photos from the decades preceding the Holocaust and the early years of the Second World War—they seek visual evidence or illustrations of the past. But photographs may refuse to fit expected narratives and interpretations, revealing both more and less than we expect. Focusing on photos of Jews taken on the main avenues of Cerna&#x030c;uţi, Romania, before the Second World War and during the city's occupation by Fascist Romanians and their Nazi‐German allies, this essay shows how a close reading of these vernacular images, both for what they show and what they are unable to show, can challenge the “before, during, and after” timeline that, in Holocaust historiography, we have come to accept as a given.
SEEING AND SAYING: A RESPONSE TO “INCONGRUOUS IMAGES”1
Authors: BATCHEN GEOFFREY 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTIn responding to an essay by Marianne Hirsch and Leo Spitzer about photographs taken in the streets of Chernivitsi (Czernowitz) in the 1940s, and thus in the midst of the Holocaust, this paper seeks to link their concerns to a broader consideration of photography as a modern phenomenon. In the process, the paper provides a brief history of street photography, a genre virtually ignored in standard histories of the photographic medium. The author suggests that Hirsch and Spitzer's paper bravely reminds us that our fascination with photographs is based not on truth, but on a combination of desire (our own desire to transcend death) and faith (in photography's ability to deliver this end, in the face of all the evidence to the contrary). Their account of street photography in Czernowitz thereby amounts to an interpretation of photographs as dynamic modes of apprehension rather than as static objects from the past that veridically represent it. It is precisely this aspect of photographs that makes them such unusually complicated, ambiguous, and incongruous historical objects.
“BLACK SKIN AND BLOOD”: DOCUMENTARY PHOTOGRAPHY AND SANTU MOFOKENG'S CRITIQUE OF THE VISUALIZATION OF APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: CAMPBELL DAVID 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper responds to Patricia Hayes's insightful readings of Santu Mofokeng's photographic work in South Africa. The paper operates from the premise that photography is a technology of visualization that both draws on and establishes a visual economy through which events and issues are materialized in particular ways. This allows the paper to pose questions and develop understandings about Mofokeng's work in terms of the way certain factors coalesced to enable a particular representation of black South Africans in the global image economy. Central to this is the role of assumptions about exposure and visibility in relation to violence, assumptions that Mofokeng's work, as a critique of conventional documentary work, explicitly contests. In exploring the invisibility of everyday life, Mofokeng expands notions of documentary photography and photojournalism. This paper demonstrates this point by connecting Mofokeng's work to a contemporary controversy in European photojournalism to highlight how a more complex understanding of documentary photography is necessary.
“WHEN I WAS A PHOTOGRAPHER”: NADAR AND HISTORY
Authors: BANN STEPHEN 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper takes as its point of departure Roland Barthes's proposition in La Chambre claire that the nineteenth century “invented History and Photography,” that the era of photography is one of revolutions, and that the photograph's “testimony” has diminished our capacity to think in terms of “duration.” Barthes also asserts that the French photographer Nadar is “the greatest photographer in the world,” but takes no account of Nadar's acute receptivity to the history of the nineteenth century. The paper argues that, though he fully recognized (and indeed documented) the unique properties of the new medium, Nadar himself was overridingly preoccupied with assessing photography's role in a period when war and revolution were compromising the onward march of social and economic progress. Throughout his life, he was committed to the progressive ideas that he assimilated while growing up in Paris and Lyon in the 1830s. He wrote of the emergence of a Bohemian culture in the Latin Quarter of Paris, and remained keenly aware of the visual impressions that he had received in his youth from the popular lithographs of the pre‐photographic era. He became a supporter of the artistic avant‐garde, which led him to purchase important work by the landscape painter Daubigny. In his art criticism, he excoriated the later portraits of Ingres, which might have competed with his own reputation as a photographic portraitist. Yet, in his admiration for Delacroix, he emphasized the lengthy initiation necessary for the appreciation of the master's paintings, implying a direct contrast with the “instantaneity” of the photographic process. By common consent, the period of Nadar's great success as a portraitist, which secured his posthumous fame, occupied a short phase in his career as a whole. But his writings show that it was his lively intuition of the wider ramifications of photography that impelled him to move on—experimenting successfully with the first aerial photographs and documenting the catacombs of Paris with the aid of magnesium lighting. Though he could never experience television, he left a narrative in which the feasibility of transmitting images over a distance was presented as being startlingly realistic. In short, Nadar's published work can be viewed as a sustained meditation on the interaction of historical experience and the media, which not only records but anticipates photography's impact within the wider framework of visual culture.
PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE MATERIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE PAST1
Authors: EDWARDS ELIZABETH 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThis article explores the significance of the material practices of photography and its archiving in interpretive approaches to the relationship between photographs and history. Drawing on work in material culture studies in anthropology and on the concept of “material hermeneutic,” it argues that photographs should not be understood only through forensic and semiotic analysis of content, but as objects that constitute material performances of a complex range of historiographical desires in the negotiation of the relations among past, present, and future. The analysis is grounded in an exploration of the material practices of the photographic survey movement in England between 1885 and 1918. This loosely cohered group of amateur photographers recorded a historical topography of ancient churches, cottages, passing events, and folk customs in order to create a photographic record for the benefit of future generations. As such it was a self‐conscious statement of “popular historicism.” The members' concern for key values of permanence and accuracy, expressed through the detail of photographic and archival processes, reveals the ways in which cultural loss and photographic loss become mutually sustaining metaphors for each other, and in which the photographs themselves are material markers of both evidential value and of an affective historical imagination.
Corporate Diversification and Firm Value: Evidence from Post‐1997 Data*
Authors: HE XI 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTIn 1997, SFAS 131 established a new segment‐reporting standard for US public companies. Using measures of diversification based on the diversity in segment‐industry characteristics and controlling for endogeneity of the diversification decision, we document a diversification premium in our post‐1997 period. We find significant positive effects of cash flow diversity, leverage diversity and profitability diversity on excess value, consistent with the efficient internal capital market hypothesis. We also find that the size of the diversification premium in the post‐1997 data is negatively correlated with the degree of diversification and positively correlated with firm size. In contrast, we find that the pre‐1998 data typically generates a diversification discount, but the effect is statistically less significant when endogeneity is controlled for. Thus, the diversification discount documented in earlier studies can be an artifact of the pre‐1998 data or a failure to control for endogeneity.
Switching Between the Banking and Metals and Mining Sectors of Australia*
Authors: Haque Tariq 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTUsing the Australian banking and metals and mining industries as the categories in the Barberis and Shleifer model, this study demonstrates switching in the Australian stock market. Switching occurs when investors move into an industry by selling off stocks of an alternate industry, thus causing negative lagged cross‐correlation between those industries. Our results, based on daily returns, suggest that category‐level investor sentiment may drive observed switching patterns in the Australian stock market and not fundamental risk factors. Our results also show that switching does not necessarily only occur between value and growth stocks or large‐cap and small‐cap stocks.
Market Price of Risk: A Comparison among the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and Japan*
Authors: WANG KENT 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThis study examines and compares the market price of risk of the S&P 500, FTSE 100, All Ordinaries, and Nikkei 225 markets from 1984 to 2009 in the framework of Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM). We follow the Vector Autoregressive instrumental variable approach in identifying the risk and hedge components of market returns and argue that in the context of market integration, covariance with a world market portfolio is a better measure of market risk than conditional market variance. Evidence is documented in support of using covariance as a risk measure in explaining market risk premiums in the Australian and Japanese markets. CAY, the consumption wealth ratio from the US market is found to be a robust state variable that helps to explain both conditional variance and covariance processes in the four markets. The market prices of risk, after controlling for the hedging demands, are positive and significant with the United States having the highest price of risk. The results are confirmed using a series of robustness tests that include varying the sampling interval.
RhoE stimulates neurite‐like outgrowth in PC12 cells through inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK‐I signalling
Authors: Talens‐Visconti Raquel , Peris Blanca , Guerri Consuelo , Guasch Rosa M. 
Published: December 2009

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 1074–1087.AbstractNeurite formation involves coordinated changes between the actin cytoskeleton and the microtubule network. Rho GTPases are clearly implicated in several aspects of neuronal development and function. Indeed, RhoA is a negative regulator of neurite outgrowth and its effector Rho‐kinase mediates the Rho‐driven neurite retraction. Considering that RhoE/round protein (Rnd3) acts antagonistically to RhoA and it is also able to bind and inhibit rho kinase‐I (p160ROCK) – ROCK‐I, it is tempting to speculate a role of RhoE in neurite formation. We show for the first time that, in the absence of nerve growth factor (NGF), RhoE induces neurite‐like outgrowth. Our results demonstrate that over‐expression of RhoE decreases the activity of RhoA and reduces the expression of both ROCK‐I and the phosphorylated myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCPp). Conversely, over‐expression of either active RhoA or ROCK‐I abolishes the RhoE‐promoted neurite outgrowth, suggesting that RhoE induces neurite‐like formation through inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK‐I signalling. We also show that Rac and Cdc42 have a role in RhoE‐induced neurite outgrowth. Finally, the present data further indicate that RhoE may be involved in the NGF‐induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, as depletion of RhoE by siRNA reduces the neurite formation induced by NGF. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism implicated in neuronal development and may provide novel therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative disorders.
The social construction of the participatory turn: The emergence of a norm in the European Union
Authors: SAURUGGER SABINE 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAt the beginning of the 1990s a new discourse emerged at the European Union level, insisting on the necessity of ‘civil society’ participation in decision‐making processes. Based on a ‘strategic‐constructivist’ research design, this article addresses the question of the emergence of this participatory turn in the official discourse and its transformation into a norm. It argues that the continued activism of an elite forum, consisting of political and administrative actors as well as academics, created the momentum that brought the concerned actors to accept the participatory norm and to play the roles required by it. However, due to internal competition amongst norm entrepreneurs, and a changed political situation, this norm is still contested, making it difficult to assess how its implementation will function.
Serum Stem Cell Factor Level in Renal Transplant Recipients With Posttransplant Erythrocytosis
Authors: Kiykim Ahmet A. , Genctoy Gultekin , Horoz Mehmet , Tiftik Naci E. , Gok Ebru , Altun Bulent , Arici Mustafa , Haznedaroglu Ibrahim 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe etiology of posttransplant erythrocytosis (PTE) remains unclear, and the most frequently suggested causative factors are still a matter of controversy. We aimed to investigate serum‐soluble stem cell factor (sSCF) along with serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) with PTE. Thirteen RTRs with PTE, 42 RTRs without PTE, and 42 healthy controls were included. Serum sSCF and EPO levels were determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit. Expected and observed/expected EPO levels were calculated. Serum sSCF levels and observed/expected EPO were significantly higher in RTRs with PTE than both RTRs without PTE and controls. In RTRs with PTE, sSCF level was significantly correlated with hematocrit and observed/expected EPO, respectively. Significant correlation was also observed between hematocrit level and observed/expected EPO in RTRs with PTE. Increased sSCF level and inadequate suppression of EPO production seem to have a role in the pathogenesis of PTE.
Loss of MTG16a (CBFA2T3), a novel rDNA repressor, leads to increased ribogenesis and disruption of breast acinar morphogenesis
Authors: Rossetti Stefano , Hoogeveen André T. , Esposito Joseph , Sacchi Nicoletta 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHuman MTG16a (CBFA2T3), a chromatin repressor with nucleolar localization, was described to act as a suppressor of breast tumourigenesis. Here we show that MTG16a is a novel ribosomal gene repressor, which can counteract MYC‐driven activation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription. We also show that either knocking down MTG16a by RNA interference, or sequestering MTG16a outside the nucleolus of human breast epithelial cells, hampers acinar morphogenesis concomitant with up‐regulation of rRNA synthesis and increased ribogenesis. This is the first demonstration that loss of MTG16a function in the nucleolus of breast epithelial cells can induce morphological and molecular changes typical of breast cancer initiation.
Mania associated with antidepressant treatment: comprehensive meta‐analytic review
Authors: Tondo L. , Vázquez G. , Baldessarini R. J. 
Published: December 2009

Tondo L, Vázquez G, Baldessarini RJ. Mania associated with antidepressant treatment: comprehensive meta‐analytic review.Objective:  To review available data pertaining to risk of mania–hypomania among bipolar (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with vs. without exposure to antidepressant drugs (ADs) and consider effects of mood stabilizers.Method:  Computerized searching yielded 73 reports (109 trials, 114 521 adult patients); 35 were suitable for random effects meta‐analysis, and multivariate‐regression modeling included all available trials to test for effects of trial design, AD type, and mood‐stabilizer use.Results:  The overall risk of mania with/without ADs averaged 12.5%/7.5%. The AD‐associated mania was more frequent in BPD than MDD patients, but increased more in MDD cases. Tricyclic antidepressants were riskier than serotonin‐reuptake inhibitors (SRIs); data for other types of ADs were inconclusive. Mood stabilizers had minor effects probably confounded by their preferential use in mania‐prone patients.Conclusion:  Use of ADs in adults with BPD or MDD was highly prevalent and moderately increased the risk of mania overall, with little protection by mood stabilizers.