bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of gradient non‐linearity correction and intensity non‐uniformity correction in longitudinal studies using structural image evaluation using normalization of atrophy (SIENA)
Authors: Takao Hidemasa , Abe Osamu , Hayashi Naoto , Kabasawa Hiroyuki , Ohtomo Kuni 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the effects of gradient nonlinearity correction and intensity nonuniformity correction on longitudinal (two‐year) changes in global and regional brain volumes.Materials and Methods:A total of 208 subjects (70 females and 138 males, age range = 38.1–83.0 years) were included in this study. Each subject was scanned twice, at an interval of approximately two years (range = 1.5–2.3 years). Three‐dimensional fast spoiled‐gradient recalled acquisition in the steady state (3D‐FSPGR) images corrected for gradient nonlinearity and/or intensity nonuniformity were compared with uncorrected 3D‐FSPGR images with use of structural image evaluation using normalization of atrophy 2.6 (SIENA).Results:The mean absolute deviations of percentage brain volume change (PBVC) values in the gradient nonlinearity ± intensity nonuniformity corrected images were significantly less than that in the uncorrected images, and the difference in the mean absolute deviation of PBVC was the most significant between the uncorrected images and the images corrected for both gradient nonlinearity and intensity nonuniformity. Voxel‐wise comparisons showed large significant differences between the uncorrected images and the corrected images.Conclusion:Correction for gradient nonlinearity and intensity nonuniformity reduces the variance of measured longitudinal changes in brain volumes and will improve accuracy for detecting subtle brain changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:489–492. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ground truth hardware phantoms for validation of diffusion‐weighted MRI applications
Authors: Pullens Pim , Roebroeck Alard , Goebel Rainer 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurpose:To quantitatively validate diffusion‐weighted MRI (DW‐MRI) applications, a hardware phantom containing crossing fibers at a sub‐voxel level is presented. It is suitable for validation of a large spectrum of DW‐MRI applications from acquisition to fiber tracking, which is an important recurrent issue in the field.Materials and Methods:Phantom properties were optimized to resemble properties of human white matter in terms of anisotropy, fractional anisotropy, and T2. Sub‐voxel crossings were constructed at angles of 30, 50, and 65 degrees, by wrapping polyester fibers, with a diameter close to axon diameter, into heat shrink tubes. We show our phantoms are suitable for the acquisition of DW‐MRI data using a clinical protocol.Results:The phantoms can be used to succesfully estimate both the diffusion tensor and non‐Gaussian diffusion models, and perform streamline fiber tracking. DOT (Diffusion Orientation Transform) and q‐ball reconstruction of the diffusion profiles acquired at b = 3000 s/mm2 and 132 diffusion directions reveal multimodal diffusion profiles in voxels containing crossing yarn strands.Conclusion:The highly purpose adaptable phantoms provide a DW‐MRI validation platform: applications include optimisation of acquisition schemes, validation of non‐Gaussian diffusion models, comparison and validation of fiber tracking algorithms, and quality control in multi‐center DWI studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:482–488. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gefahrenerkennung mit Lichtgeschwindigkeit
Authors: Handke Jürgen , Duschek Frank , Pargmann Carsten 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSowohl die Vorsätzliche wie auch die unbeabsichtigte Freisetzung von chemischen, biologischen, radioaktiven, nuklearen oder explosiven (CBrne) Gefahrstoffen stellt eine Bedrohung für die Personensicherheit dar. Die lasergestützte Stand‐off Detektion bietet vielversprechende Möglichkeiten, Gefahrstoffe frühzeitig zu detektieren und zu identifizieren. Durch ein abstandsbasiertes, diskretes und zuverlässiges Detektionsverfahren lassen sich im Krisenfall rechtzeitig Gegenmaßnahmen einleiten und Gefahren für die Bevölkerung und die Rettungskräfte verringern.
Microstructure modification and related mechanism of spray‐formed Fe‐bearing hypereutectic Al‐Si alloys
Authors: Hou L. G. , Cai Y. H. , Cui H. , Zhang J. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Fe‐bearing hypereutectic Al‐Si alloys with/without Cr/(Cr+Mn) addition have been prepared by Spray Forming (SF) process. With 2 wt.% Cr addition, the short‐rod β‐Al5FeSi phase in spray‐formed Al‐25Si‐5Fe‐3Cu (wt.%, denoted as 3C) alloy can be substituted by particulate α‐Al(Fe,Cr)Si phase with sizes less than 5–6 μm. But small quantity of blocky β‐Al5(Fe,Cr)Si phase still appears in Cr‐added hypereutectic Al‐Si alloy. When (2Cr+1Mn) (wt.%) are added simultaneously into 3C alloy, almost all the short‐rod β‐Al5FeSi phase or blocky β‐Al5(Fe,Cr)Si phase disappear, instead, the α‐Al(Fe,Cr,Mn)Si phase become the only Fe‐bearing phase. During heat treatments, the other two spray‐formed hypereutectic Al‐Si alloys (besides SF‐3C alloy) are thermodynamically stable for the appearance of high thermodynamically stable particulate α‐Al(Fe,Cr)Si/α‐Al(Fe,Cr,Mn)Si phase. Also the phase transformation occurred during the heating/cooling process of the present hypereutectic Al‐Si alloys are investigated and the mechanism of microstructural formation of the spray‐formed alloys are discussed.
Elementspezies bestimmen mit ICP‐MS
Authors: Paul Michael , McSheehy Shona 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNicht allein die chemischen Elemente sind für die toxikologische Beurteilung relevant, sondern in großem Maße deren Oxidationsstufe oder chemische Bindungsform. Inzwischen lassen sich diese auch in der Routineanalytik bestimmen.
Craniofacial variation between southern and northern Neolithic and Modern Chinese
Authors: Wu X.J. , Liu W. , Bae C.J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPrevious studies propose that the Yangtze River is the geographic boundary separating northern and southern Chinese populations. In order to test this hypothesis, 19 Neolithic and 15 Modern human cranial samples from north of the Qinling Mountain Range, south of the Yangtze River and in between were chosen for morphometric analysis. Our results indicate that cranial variation exists in Holocene Neolithic and Modern northern and southern Chinese. In the Neolithic sample, the northern Chinese crania are characterised by greater upper face height and orbit height, while the southern Chinese skulls are depicted by a wider nose. The morphology of the crania between the Qinling Mountain range and the Yangtze River feature a mosaic of characters that suggest affiliation with both north and south groups. In the Modern day sample, northern crania are characterised by a broad and wide face, and a tall nose. From the Neolithic to Modern day, a series of microevolutionary processes that apply to both the northern and southern samples can be discerned. Overall, the head gets lower, the face and nose become narrower and the orbits tend to be narrower and higher. Our results support the suggestion that the Qinling Mountain Range and the Yangtze River represent a natural barrier to the movement of Chinese populations. Climatic variation and the transition to an agricultural lifestyle are proposed as the primary factors influencing human craniofacial morphologies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Past or present? Differentiating California prehistoric native American remains from forensic cases: An empirical approach
Authors: Hughes Cris , Juarez Chelsey , Zephro Lauren , Fowler Gillian , Chacon Shirley 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe goal of this project is to provide additional data and statistical analyses for differentiating between prehistoric/historic Native American remains and modern forensic cases that may be potentially confusing. Forensic anthropologists often receive requests from local law enforcement to infer whether skeletal remains are of forensic or non‐forensic significance. Skeletal remains of non‐forensic significance are commonly of Native American ancestry, but the empirical methods common for determining Native American affinity from skeletal remains have not been established for California prehistoric/historic Native Americans. Therefore, forensic anthropologists working in California lack empirical methods for not only identifying prehistoric California Native American remains, but also differentiating them from modern/forensic populations whose skeletal attributes are similar. In particular, skeletal remains of Latin American US immigrants of indigenous origins are becoming more present in the forensic anthropological laboratory, and can exhibit the same suite of skeletal traits classically used to identify Native American affinity. In this article, we initiate an investigation into this issue by analyzing both craniometric and morphoscopic data using a range of statistical methods for differentiating prehistoric Northern California Native Americans from modern Guatemalan Maya. Our discriminant analyses results indicate that by using nine craniometric variables, group classification is 87% correct. In addition, seven morphoscopic variables can predict group classification correctly for 77% of the sample. The results suggest that it is possible to differentiate between our two samples. Such a method contributes to the efficient and empirical determination of temporal and geographic affinity, allowing for the repartriation of Native American remains to their tribes, as well as the accurate analysis of forensically significant remains. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of navigational lock and dam structures on adjacent fish communities in a major river system
Authors: Argent D. G. , Kimmel W. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe assessed the effects of a series of navigational lock and dam (L/D) structures on the composition of their adjacent fish communities. The Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers of southwestern Pennsylvania contain 14 lock and dam installations, eight and six respectively, which transform their river corridors into a series of contiguous pools. We selected two targeted fish assemblages, large‐bodied fishes (>250 mm TL) susceptible to gill‐netting and small‐bodied benthic species captured by trawling, for assessment upstream and downstream of each L/D installation. Gill nets were fished for approximately 16 h/net, while trawls were performed across three parallel 2‐min hauls. A total of 56 samples were collected over the spring/summers, 2004–2008. Species richness, abundance and the Jaccard Coefficient of Community Similarity (JCS) were calculated for each targeted fish community. Small‐bodied species, particularly darters, were depauperate upstream L/D while abundant and diverse downstream L/D on the Allegheny River. However, Monongahela River upstream and downstream L/D communities were similar. Jaccard Coefficient of Similarity values were comparable for both targeted fish assemblages on the Monongahela River, but differed markedly among Allegheny sites. While JCS values of large‐bodied fish assemblages of both rivers were strongly correlated with lockage frequency, this pattern was not replicated among small‐bodied assemblages. The near doubling of yearly lockages on the Monongahela River compared with the Allegheny may account for the similarity of its upstream and downstream ichthyofauna. Serial L/D navigational facilities on a large river may alter biotic connectivity patterns through physical isolation of adjacent fish communities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A framework for regional sustainability assessment: developing indicators for a Portuguese region
Authors: Coelho Pedro , Mascarenhas André , Vaz Paula , Dores Anabela , Ramos Tomás B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRegional sustainability indicators are increasingly being developed. Their significance becomes obvious when important public policy‐making strategies are decentralized to regions or local governments. This research designed a framework for the development of regional sustainability indicators. Its main goal is to assess and report regional sustainability performance, incorporating a significant public participation component. When the proposed approach was tested in the Algarve region, it was found useful to engage a broad range of stakeholders in regional sustainability assessment. This case study is a practical example of how regional sustainability can be assessed as a dynamic participative process, involving multi‐stakeholders, to obtain a regional profile. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Potential use of the oligochaeteLimnodrilus profundicolaV., as a bioindicator of contaminant exposure
Authors: Ozdemir Adile , Duran Mustafa , Sen Alaattin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCholinesterase (ChE) and ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase (EROD) were of special interest to this study as these biochemical tools have been widely used for the determination of exposure to pollutants. In this study, the freshwater oligochaeteLimnodrilus profundicolawas tested for its potential as a bioindicator of freshwater pollution. For this purpose, the ChE and EROD activities ofL. profundicolaand the level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of water samples collected from different sites along the Curuksu stream on the Menderes River (the ancient Meander) running through south‐western Turkey were studied. First, these activities were characterized using, as model substrates, acetylthiocholine (ATC), propionylthiocholine (PTC), and butyrylthiocholine (BTC). Then, thein vivoeffects of insecticides and pollutants on these activities were investigated.L. profundicolawere exposed to various doses of methyl‐parathion, methomyl, and deltamethrin. Although significant inhibition of ChE was detected with each of the insecticides, the highest level of inhibition was observed with methyl‐parathion. In addition to the inhibition of ChE, the activity of EROD was induced by exposure to oil‐contaminated sediments. Thus, althoughL. profundicolahas a reputation for being very resistant to pollution (although it is not insensitive to it), we demonstrated that it may potentially be used as a bioindicator species for contaminant exposure when ChE and EROD are used as biomarkers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 26: 37–44, 2011.
Maternal hyperoxygenation test in fetuses undergoing FETO for severe isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Done E. , Allegaert K. , Lewi P. , Jani J. , Gucciardo L. , Van Mieghem T. , Gratacos E. , Devlieger R. , Van Schoubroeck D. , Deprest J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo predict neonatal survival and pulmonary hypertension by measurement of fetal pulmonary artery reactivity to maternal hyperoxygenation in fetuses with severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia treated by fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO).MethodsThirty‐eight fetuses underwent FETO at around 28 weeks' gestation and the balloon was removed at 34 weeks in most cases. We performed a hyperoxygenation test and measured the lung‐to‐head ratio of each fetus before and after each procedure. Outcome measures were neonatal survival, occurrence of pulmonary hypertension and its response to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO).ResultsFetuses that survived had a larger increase in lung size and decrease of resistance in the first branch of the main pulmonary artery than did those that died. Both measures were also predictive of pulmonary hypertension unresponsive to iNO. The hyperoxygenation test and lung‐to‐head ratio were both best predictive for neonatal survival when measured following removal of the balloon (P < 0.002). Discriminant analysis confirmed that these two parameters are independent predictors of outcome.ConclusionsIn fetuses undergoing FETO, pulmonary vascular reactivity in relation to oxygen and lung size are independent predictors of neonatal survival and pulmonary hypertension. The hyperoxygenation test merits further study in expectantly managed cases. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implications of cycle length immediately after discontinuation of combined oral contraceptives on use of the Standard Days Method
Authors: Arévalo Marcos , Sinai Irit , Olivotti Bruna , Bahamondes Luis 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine when after discontinuing the use of combined oral contraceptives (COC) women can start using the Standard Days Method (SDM)—a fertility awareness‐based family‐planning method that is appropriate only for women for whom most menstrual cycles last 26–32 days.MethodsWe reviewed data from the medical records of women who attended the Human Reproduction Unit at the University of Campinas, Brazil, between October 16, 1979, and May 5, 2006. The study population comprised women younger than 40 years of age who had recently switched from COC to copper intrauterine devices and whose clinical records contained the information necessary for determining the length of the first menstrual cycle immediately after discontinuing COC.ResultsIn total, 47.2% of the 2845 women included in the study had a first post‐COC cycle of 26–32 days; 40.5% had a second cycle within that range.ConclusionA first post‐COC cycle within the 26–32‐day range did not predict a second cycle within range. Women discontinuing COC should not start using the SDM in their first or second post‐COC cycle, even if the first cycle falls within the stated range. Instead, they should use a backup method until they meet the necessary eligibility criteria.
Occurrence and genetic relatedness ofListeriaspp. in two brands of locally processed ready-to-eat meats in Trinidad
Authors: SYNE S. M. , RAMSUBHAG A. , ADESIYUN A. A. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYContamination of locally produced, ready-to-eat meats byListeriaspp. has been previously reported at one processing plant in Trinidad. However, the status of this pathogen in locally produced products sold at retail outlets is unknown. This study was conducted to establish whether there is a risk to consumers of locally processed meats caused by the presence ofListeriaspp., and whether a link exists between the presence of the pathogen in retail products and the manufacturing plant of one brand (B). Four hundred and eighty ready-to-eat meat products of two popular local brands (A and B) were collected from retail outlets and analysed for the presence ofListeriaspp. together with food samples and surfaces from one manufacturing plant (B). Eighty-eight of the retail products (18·3%) were contaminated withListeriaspp., of which, 52·3% wereL. innocua, 44·3% wereL. monocytogenesand 3·4% belonged to theL. seeligeri–L. welshimeri–L. ivanovii(Siwi) group.L. innocuawas found in 15 in-process food samples and on three surfaces of equipment at plant B. Four in-process food samples were also contaminated with Siwi isolates. Repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR DNA fingerprinting showed a possible association between strains of differentListeriaspp. and brand as well as with manufacturing plant B.
Diverse styles of submarine venting on the ultraslow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise
Authors: German C. R. , Bowen A. , Coleman M. L. , Honig D. L. , Huber J. A. , Jakuba M. V. , Kinsey J. C. , Kurz M. D. , Leroy S. , McDermott J. M. , de Lépinay B. Mercier , Nakamura K. , Seewald J. S. , Smith J. L. , Sylva S. P. , Van Dover C. L. , Whitcomb L. L. , Yoerger D. R. 
Published: July 2010

Thirty years after the first discovery of high-temperature submarine venting, the vast majority of the global mid-ocean ridge remains unexplored for hydrothermal activity. Of particular interest are the world’s ultraslow spreading ridges that were the last to be demonstrated to host high-temperature venting but may host systems particularly relevant to prebiotic chemistry and the origins of life. Here we report evidence for previously unknown, diverse, and very deep hydrothermal vents along the ∼110 km long, ultraslow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise (MCR). Our data indicate that the MCR hosts at least three discrete hydrothermal sites, each representing a different type of water-rock interaction, including both mafic and ultramafic systems and, at ∼5,000 m, the deepest known hydrothermal vent. Although submarine hydrothermal circulation, in which seawater percolates through and reacts with host lithologies, occurs on all mid-ocean ridges, the diversity of vent types identified here and their relative geographic isolation make the MCR unique in the oceans. These new sites offer prospects for an expanded range of vent-fluid compositions, varieties of abiotic organic chemical synthesis and extremophile microorganisms, and unparalleled faunal biodiversity—all in close proximity.
Near‐Infrared Spectroscopic Method for Identification of Fusarium Head Blight Damage and Prediction of Deoxynivalenol in Single Wheat Kernels
Authors: Peiris K. H. S. , Pumphrey M. O. , Dong Y. , Maghirang E. B. , Berzonsky W. , Dowell F. E. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTFusarium Head Blight (FHB), or scab, can result in significant crop yield losses and contaminated grain in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Growing less susceptible cultivars is one of the most effective methods for managing FHB and for reducing deoxynivalenol (DON) levels in grain, but breeding programs lack a rapid and objective method for identifying the fungi and toxins. It is important to estimate proportions of sound kernels and Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDK) in grain and to estimate DON levels of FDK to objectively assess the resistance of a cultivar. An automated single kernel near‐infrared (SKNIR) spectroscopic method for identification of FDK and for estimating DON levels was evaluated. The SKNIR system classified visually sound and FDK with an accuracy of 98.8 and 99.9%, respectively. The sound fraction had no or very little accumulation of DON. The FDK fraction was sorted into fractions with high or low DON content. The kernels identified as FDK by the SKNIR system had better correlation with other FHB assessment indices such as FHB severity, FHB incidence and kernels/g than visual FDK%. This technique can be successfully employed to nondestructively sort kernels with Fusarium damage and to estimate DON levels of those kernels. Single kernels could be predicted as having low (<60 ppm) or high (>60 ppm) DON with ≈96% accuracy. Single kernel DON levels of the high DON kernels could be estimated with R2 = 0.87 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 60.8 ppm. Because the method is nondestructive, seeds may be saved for generation advancement. The automated method is rapid (1 kernel/sec) and sorting grains into several fractions depending on DON levels will provide breeders with more information than techniques that deliver average DON levels from bulk seed samples.
What is new in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of peptic ulcer?
Authors: MISIEWICZ J. J. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe old dictum‘no acid—no ulcer’is no longer a sufficient explanation of the pathogenesis of ulcer disease. The real question is‘if acid—why ulcer?’Although acid remains predominant, some of the other factors influencing ulcerogenesis are nocturnal acid secretion, pepsin enzyme subspecies, the mucus layer, bicarbonate level, prostaglandins, Campylobacter pylori infection, consumption of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and smoking habits. Although the ulcer burden has been greatly reduced by the introduction of H2‐receptor antagonists, complications such as bleeding and perforation remain a problem, especially in the elderly. Medical treatment, in the form of H2‐receptor antagonists, is effective for many patients.