bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of candidate regions for association with bipolar disorder
Authors: Knight Jo , Rochberg Nanette S. , Saccone Scott F. , Nurnberger John I. , Rice John P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe performed a case–control study of 1,000 cases and 1,028 controls on 1,509 markers, 1,139 of which were located in a 8 Mb region on chromosome 6 (105–113 Mb). This region has shown evidence of involvement in bipolar disorder (BP) in a number of other studies. We find association between BP and two SNPs in the gene LACE1. SNP rs9486880 and rs11153113 (both haveP‐values of 2 × 10−5). BothP‐values are in the top 5% of the distribution derived from null simulations (P = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). LACE is a good candidate for BP; it is an ATPase. We genotyped 173 other markers in 17 other positional and/or functional loci but found no further evidence of association with BP. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex differentials in frailty in medieval England
Authors: DeWitte Sharon N. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn most modern populations, there are sex differentials in morbidity and mortality that favor women. This study addresses whether such female advantages existed to any appreciable degree in medieval Europe. The analyses presented here examine whether men and women with osteological stress markers faced the same risks of death in medieval London. The sample used for this study comes from the East Smithfield Black Death cemetery in London. The benefit of using this cemetery is that most, if not all, individuals interred in East Smithfield died from the same cause within a very short period of time. This allows for the analysis of the differences between men and women in the risks of mortality associated with osteological stress markers without the potential confounding effects of different causes of death. A sample of 299 adults (173 males, 126 females) from the East Smithfield cemetery was analyzed. The results indicate that the excess mortality associated with several osteological stress markers was higher for men than for women. This suggests that in this medieval population, previous physiological stress increased the risk of death for men during the Black Death to a greater extent than was true for women. Alternatively, the results might indicate that the Black Death discriminated less strongly between women with and without pre‐existing health conditions than was true for men. These results are examined in light of previous analyses of East Smithfield and what is known about diet and sexually mediated access to resources in medieval England. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:285–297, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Astragalar morphology of Afradapis, a large adapiform primate from the earliest late Eocene of Egypt
Authors: Boyer Doug M. , Seiffert Erik R. , Simons Elwyn L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe ∼37 million‐year‐old Birket Qarun Locality 2 (BQ‐2), in the Birket Qarun Formation of Egypt's Fayum Depression, yields evidence for a diverse primate fauna, including the earliest known lorisiforms, parapithecoid anthropoids, and Afradapis longicristatus, a large folivorous adapiform. Phylogenetic analysis has placed Afradapis as a stem strepsirrhine within a clade of caenopithecine adapiforms, contradicting the recently popularized alternative hypothesis aligning adapiforms with haplorhines or anthropoids. We describe an astragalus from BQ‐2 (DPC 21445C), attributable to Afradapis on the basis of size and relative abundance. The astragalus is remarkably similar to those of extant lorises, having a low body, no posterior shelf, a broad head and neck. It is like extant strepsirrhines more generally, in having a fibular facet that slopes gently away from the lateral tibial facet, and in having a groove for the tendon of flexor fibularis that is lateral to the tibial facet. Comparisons to a sample of euarchontan astragali show the new fossil to be most similar to those of adapines and lorisids. The astragali of other adapiforms are most similar to those of lemurs, but distinctly different from those of all anthropoids. Our measurements show that in extant strepsirrhines and adapiforms the fibular facet slopes away from the lateral tibial facet at a gradual angle (112–126°), in contrast to the anthropoid fibular facet, which forms a sharper angle (87–101°). Phylogenetic analyses incorporating new information from the astragalus continue to support strepsirrhine affinities for adapiforms under varying models of character evolution. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:383‐402, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical progression in Parkinson disease and the neurobiology of axons
Authors: Cheng Hsiao‐Chun , Ulane Christina M. , Burke Robert E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDespite tremendous growth in recent years in our knowledge of the molecular basis of Parkinson disease (PD) and the molecular pathways of cell injury and death, we remain without therapies that forestall disease progression. Although there are many possible explanations for this lack of success, one is that experimental therapeutics to date have not adequately focused on an important component of the disease process, that of axon degeneration. It remains unknown what neuronal compartment, either the soma or the axon, is involved at disease onset, although some have proposed that it is the axons and their terminals that take the initial brunt of injury. Nevertheless, this concept has not been formally incorporated into many of the current theories of disease pathogenesis, and it has not achieved a wide consensus. More importantly, in view of growing evidence that the molecular mechanisms of axon degeneration are separate and distinct from the canonical pathways of programmed cell death that mediate soma destruction, the possibility of early involvement of axons in PD has not been adequately emphasized as a rationale to explore the neurobiology of axons for novel therapeutic targets. We propose that ongoing degeneration of axons, not cell bodies, is the primary determinant of clinically apparent progression of disease, and that future experimental therapeutics intended to forestall disease progression will benefit from a new focus on the distinct mechanisms of axon degeneration. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:715–725
Anisotropic distribution of quantum‐vacuum momentum density in a moving electromagnetic medium
Authors: Shen J.Q. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAn isotropic electromagnetic medium becomes gyrotropically anisotropic when it moves, and an anisotropic electromagnetic environment can then be created in this motion‐induced anisotropic medium. One of the most remarkable features is that the quantum vacuum in the anisotropic electromagnetic environment exhibits a nonzero electromagnetic momentum density, since the universal symmetry of the vacuum fluctuation field is broken, and the anisotropic quantum vacuum mode structure is produced because of the symmetry breaking. This would give rise to a noncompensation effect among the four vacuum eigenmodes (i.e., the forward and backward propagating modes as well as their respective mutually perpendicular polarized components), and leads to an anisotropic correction to the vacuum momentum in the moving medium. The physical significance and the potential applications of the anisotropic quantum vacuum are discussed. This quantum‐vacuum effect may be used to develop sensitive sensor techniques and to design new quantum optical and photonic devices.
Wechselwirkung von Metallkomplexen mit G‐Quadruplex‐DNA
Authors: Georgiades Savvas N. , Abd Karim Nurul H. , Suntharalingam Kogularamanan , Vilar Ramon 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGuaninreiche DNA‐Sequenzen können sich zu viersträngigen Aggregaten anordnen, die als G‐Quadruplexe bezeichnet werden. Man nimmt an, dass diese DNA‐Sekundärstrukturen an der Regulation verschiedener biologischer Schlüsselprozesse beteiligt sind. Im menschlichen Genom kommen guaninreiche Sequenzen mit dem Potenzial zur Bildung von G‐Quadruplexen beispielsweise im Telomer sowie in den Promoterregionen bestimmter Onkogene vor. Die Identifizierung dieser Sequenzen als neue Zielstrukturen für Tumortherapeutika hat großes Interesse an der Entwicklung von Verbindungen ausgelöst, die mit Quadruplex‐DNA wechselwirken können. Die meisten bekannten Quadruplex‐DNA‐Bindungssubstanzen beruhen zwar auf rein organischen Templaten, später wurde aber nachgewiesen, dass auch viele Metallkomplexe mit dieser DNA‐Sekundärstruktur effiziente Wechselwirkungen eingehen. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigen Funktionen, die Metallkomplexe als Quadruplex‐DNA‐Bindungssubstanzen haben können, und diskutiert die besonderen Eigenschaften von Metallzentren auf diese Verbindungen.
The bridged cyclopentadienyl indenyl (fluorenyl) zirconocene complexes for polyethylene macromonomers
Authors: Huang Wenzhong , Li Fengbo , Ma Haiyan , Huang Jiling 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of long‐chain branched polyethylene includes the generation of vinyl‐terminated polyethylene macromonomers and the copolymerization of these macromonomers with ethylene. Four new bridged cyclopentadienyl indenyl (fluorenyl) zirconocene complexes 1a–b, 2a–b were prepared and showed high activities for ethylene homopolymerization upon the activation of methylaluminoxane. The steric bulk of bridged substituent has a profound effect on the catalytic activity as well as on the molecular weight of resulting polyethylene. Complex 1b showed the highest activity of up to 5.32 × 106 g PE/(mol Zr h) for ethylene homopolymerization at 70 °C, which was higher than that of Cp2ZrCl2. The polyethylenes produced with complexes 1a–d/MAO are mostly vinyl‐terminated, possess low molecular weight and fit as macromonomers. The (p‐MePh)2C‐bridged cyclopentadienyl indenyl zirconocene complex 1a could produce polyethylene macromonomer with selectivity for the vinyl‐terminal as high as 94.9%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deposition of copper‐doped iron sulfide (CuxFe1−xS) thin films using aerosol‐assisted chemical vapor deposition technique
Authors: Disale Sujit D. , Garje Shivram S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCopper‐doped iron sulfide (CuxFe1−xS, x = 0.010–0.180) thin films were deposited using a single‐source precursor, Cu(LH)2Cl2 (LH = monoacetylferrocene thiosemicarbazone), by aerosol‐assisted chemical vapor deposition technique. The Cu‐doped FeS thin films were deposited at different substrate temperatures, i.e. 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 °C. The deposited thin films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) and atomic force microscopy. XRD studies of Cu‐doped FeS thin films at all the temperatures revealed formation of single‐phase FeS structure. With increasing substrate temperature from 250 to 450 °C, there was change in morphology from wafer‐like to cylindrical plate‐like. EDX analysis showed that the doping percentage of copper increased as the substrate temperature increased from 250 to 450 °C. Raman data supports the doping of copper in FeS films. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and structure–property relationship of chemical oxidative polymerization of poly(para‐hydroquinone)
Authors: Tibaoui T. , Ayachi S. , Hamidi M. , Bouachrine M. , Paris M. , Alimi K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPoly(para‐hydroquinone) (PPHQ) was prepared by chemical oxidation reaction using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as an oxidant. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS 13C‐NMR), infrared absorption, optical absorption, thermal analysis (TGA and DTA), and electron paramagnetic resonance techniques were used to characterize the obtained PPHQ polymer. The correlation between different experimental results justifies the chemical structure and proves the vibrational and optical properties of this polymer. Theoretical calculations based on ab initio density functional theory and semiempirical Austin Model 1 methods were accomplished to elucidate the structure–property relationship of PPHQ polymer. From oligomer 8‐hydroquinone, we have predicted the experimentally observed results. This oligomer is considered as model structure, which reproduces the PPHQ polymer characteristics and elucidates the TiCl4 effect on the properties of the polymer under study. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
4‐Acetoxystyrene nitroxide‐mediated controlled radical polymerization: Comparison with styrene
Authors: Cho Andrew S. , Wang Lin , Dowuona Emmanuel , Zhou Hongying , Nguyen SonBinh T. , Broadbelt Linda J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe nitroxide‐mediated controlled radical polymerization (NM‐CRP) of 4‐acetoxystyrene with an alkoxyamine was analyzed by a combined experimental and modeling approach. At low nitroxide concentrations, thermal initiation was significant, and control of the polydispersity was poor, as was observed previously for styrene. A continuum model based on the method of moments was used to regress the parameters for the reversible nitroxide uncoupling/coupling reactions (activation energy of uncoupling), thermal initiation (activation energy of initiation), and termination (frequency factor of recombination). The model was able to capture the molecular weight averages and the polydispersity index as a function of time and the nitroxide concentration qualitatively and quantitatively. Using this mechanistic framework, we developed kinetic Monte Carlo models that allowed the molecular weight distributions to be predicted explicitly in good agreement with experimental data. A comparison of the NM‐CRP of 4‐acetoxystyrene and styrene is provided to illustrate the effect of the acetoxy substituent. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synergetic behavior of low Tg polybutadiene polymers and polysiloxanes as components for glass fiber sizing in composite materials
Authors: Danner Katherine M. , Dey Moutushi , McAllister Quinn P. , Barsotti Robert J. , Kissounko Denis A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe effect of low Tg polybutadiene (PBD) rubbery polymer as a part of polysiloxane/PBD E‐glass fibers sizing on mechanical properties of a corresponding epoxy composite material has been evaluated by the punch shear test technique. The results show that the use of hydroxyl terminated PBD led to significant increase in interface shear strength, energy absorption, as well as dynamic modulus and Tg in a corresponding composite material. The sizing composition and fiber morphology were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and AFM microscopy, respectively. Possible rational for such sizing composition/material property relationship is discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Studies on synthesis and characterization of a novel acrylic aromatic amide oligomer of aminolysed endproducts generated from pet waste with hydrazine monohydrate and its photocuring with acrylate monomers
Authors: Soni R. K. , Teotia Meenu , Dutt Krishna 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA novel acrylic aromatic amide oligomer was synthesized by using depolymerized end product of PET waste with hydrazine monohydrate. The end product of aminolysed PET waste was synthesized under ambient conditions and was used in the preparation of novel acrylic oligomer with the reaction of acryloyl chloride prepared from acrylic acid. The acrylic oligomer was characterized by spectroscopic techniques, such as FTIR, 1H‐NMR, UV, Mass spectrometry, and by other analytical techniques such as, Iodine value, TGA, and DSC. The proposed structure of the oligomer is supported by its spectral analysis and the same is inferred from other techniques. The acrylic oligomer mixed with other acrylate monomers such as methylmethacrylate, ethylhexylacrylate, acrylic acid, and photoinitiator, can be cured by UV radiation and can thus be used as an adhesion promoter on metal/glass surface. This article presents the possibility of using a difunctional aromatic amide oligomer with excellent hydrogen bonding capacity as an alternative to urethane acrylates in radiation curable formulations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The crystallization and morphology of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate‐co‐terephthalate) copolyesters with high content of BT units
Authors: Li Faxue , Luo Shengli , Ma Chi , Yu Jianyong , Cao Amin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIsothermal crystallization and morphology of biodegradable PBST copolyesters with high content of BT units were investigated. The crystallization kinetic analysis showed that the Avrami exponent n ranged from 3.2 to 4.9, indicating a three‐dimensional growth initiated by homogeneous nucleation mechanism at low crystallization temperature and heterogeneous nucleation mechanism at high temperature. After isothermal crystallization, multiple melting peaks were observed during DSC heating, and were explained by the melting and recrystallization model. The equilibrium melting temperatures of the PBST copolyesters were determined by Hoffman–Weeks and Gibbs–Thomson methods, respectively. Two methods, however, gave different values for each sample. The origin of the complexity and its influences on the equilibrium melting temperature of the copolyesters were analyzed. According to WAXD measurement, the copolyesters were identified to have the same crystal structure as that of PBT, suggesting that only the BT units were crystallized in the system whereas the BS units were in the amorphous state. POM micrographs showed that the crystals of the copolyesters were composed of little spherulites, beneficial to forming flexible fibers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Rheological properties of elastomer‐modified polypropylene and their influence on the formation of flow marks
Authors: Iannuzzi Giovanna , Rigdahl Mikael 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA premium appearance is essential for many polymeric products and for this reason surface defects associated with the manufacturing process, e.g. injection molding, are detrimental. In this study, the interest is focussed on defects arising during injection molding of such elastomer‐modified polymers that are often used in the automotive sector to produce interior and exterior components. In particular, defects denoted as “flow marks” or “tiger stripes” were investigated. These defects appear on the surface of the injection‐molded components, especially if long flow lengths are involved and consist of alternating glossy and dull bands. Here an attempt was made to elucidate to what extent some important rheological properties of the polymer melts influence the generation of such flow marks. Hence, the flow properties, mainly in shear; of three different grades of elastomer‐modified polypropylene containing mineral fillers were correlated to their propensity for defect generation. In summary, it was noted that a higher melt elasticity, as reflected in pressure losses during flow through a capillary, the degree of die swell and to some extent the dynamic‐mechanical behavior, leads to less severe flow marks or retards the formation of such defects. Elongational draw‐down experiments also indicated a more stable flow in the case of the melt that exhibited the highest elasticity. Furthermore, subjecting the measured flow behavior to a Mooney analysis, the results obtained pointed to that wall‐slip in itself is not a primary cause for the appearance of the type of flow marks studied here. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Chemical modification and characterization of poly(vinyl chloride) by crosslinking of multifunctional amines
Authors: Singh Ajay , Rawat M. S. M. , Pande C. S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study poly(vinlyl chloride) (PVC) was modified by using ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, and ethanolamine as a crosslinker in dimethylformamide. Reaction variables were optimized for getting desired crosslinked PVC, which was further reacted with maleic anhydride to form graft polymer. The anhydride group on further hydrolysis gives carboxylic group, which can exchange proton with other cations.The polymers were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). Swelling behavior was examined in various electrolytic solutions. Modified PVC have shown good thermal stabilities and absorption capacities in neutral and acidic media, due to which these polymers might find applications in cation exchanger resin and chromatography. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The effect of gamma irradiation on electrical characteristics of Au/polyvinyl alcohol (Co, Zn‐doped)/n‐Si Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Taşçıoğlu İ. , Uslu H. , Altındal Ş. , Durmuş P. , Dökme İ. , Tunç T. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTo show the effect of gamma radiation, Au/Polyvinyl Alcohol (Co, Zn‐doped)/n‐Si Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) were exposed to 60Co γ‐ray source at room temperature. These structures were investigated by using current‐voltage (I‐V), capacitance‐voltage (C‐V), and conductance‐voltage (G/ω‐V) measurement methods before and after irradiation. The C‐V and G/ω‐V measurements were carried out at 1 MHz. The density of interface states (Nss) as a function of Ec‐Ess was obtained from the forward bias I‐V data by taking into account the bias dependence effective barrier height (ϕe) and series resistance (Rs) of device at room temperature. Experimental results show that the values of ideality factor (n), Rs, and Nss increased after gamma irradiation. It was found to degrade the reverse leakage current with radiation whereas its effect on the forward I‐V characteristics was negligible. The results show that main effect of the radiation is the generation of Nss with energy level within the forbidden band gap of Si between polymer and semiconductor. In addition, the values of Rs were determined from Cheung's method, and it was seen that these values increased with radiation effect. As seen I‐V and C‐V characteristics, the main electrical parameters such as ideality factor (n), Rs, Nss were strongly influenced with the presence of radiation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Plasma‐induced graft polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) on poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces for improving antistatic property
Authors: Wei Yanlin , Wang Xiaoli , Gao Junping , Chen Yashao 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAr plasma‐induced graft polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on Ar plasma pretreated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surfaces was carried out to improve the antistatic properties. The surface composition and microstructure of the PEG‐grafted PMMA surfaces from plasma induction were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transfer infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy, water contact angles (CA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. The measurements revealed that the antistatic properties can be remarkably improved with the surface resistivity of PEG‐grafted PMMA surface decreasing significantly by 3–6 orders of magnitude, with the optimum condition for polymerization grafted onto the Ar plasma pretreated PMMA surface being 40 W for RF power and 3 min for glow discharge time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010