bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Variations in Frequency‐Dependent Shear‐Wave Anisotropy Above a Plate Interface Following Episodic Slow‐Slip Events
Authors: Ito Yosuke , Nakajima Junichi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent observations beneath Kanto, Japan have shown that seismic activity and seismic attenuation within the overlying continental plate change with time due to drainage caused by slow‐slip events (SSEs) along the upper boundary of the Philippine Sea plate. However, associated changes in rock properties have not been investigated. In this study, we estimate frequency‐dependent shear‐wave anisotropy to provide a detailed insight into the structural change associated with drainage. We perform shear‐wave splitting analysis in frequency ranges of 1–4, 2–6, and 4–8 Hz for 306 earthquakes that occur during September 2009–August 2021 and recorded at the Metropolitan Seismic Observation network. Obtained time differences between fast and slow S waves (delay time) range from almost zero to 0.16–0.18 s, exhibiting spatio‐temporal variation and frequency dependence. The fast S‐wave polarization directions are generally consistent with the direction of the maximum horizontal compressional axis in the study region, which suggests that the observed anisotropy is probably caused by the NE–SW‐oriented fractures developed under the regional stress field. The temporal variation in delay times is correlated with SSEs activity with a lag time of 0.0–0.1 year. Furthermore, comparisons between observed frequency‐dependent delay times and numerical calculation of fracture‐induced anisotropy suggest that the average fracture radius is almost constant (0.30–0.35 m) over time but fracture density temporally varies from 0.025 to 0.035. We infer that the fracture density is probably enhanced by opening of the NE–SW‐oriented fractures during the upward migration of fluids that are expelled from the plate interface.
New Insight Into the Formation Mechanism of Wintertime Thermal Front West of Luzon Island
Authors: Sun Ruili , Li Peiliang , Zhai Fangguo , Gu Yanzhen , Bai Peng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWintertime thermal front west of Luzon Island (WTFWLI) plays a vital role in local marine biogeochemical environment, geostrophic thermal advection of Luzon cold eddy (LCE) was once recognized as the causation of WTFWLI. However, current investigation based on multi‐source data revealed poor spatial correspondence between WTFWL and LCE over an interannual scale during 1993–2022, highlighting the necessity of revisiting the mechanism of WTFWLI. Our analysis shows that formation of WTFWLI was mainly caused by a northward warm tongue caused by geostrophic thermal advection of a northward current west of Luzon Island. The northward warm tongue encounters cold water west of Luzon Island and forms the WTFWLI at the boundary of cold and warm water. Our study provides a new explanation for the formation mechanism of WTFWLI, which will help deepen people's understanding of thermal front dynamics.
Borehole‐Based Interval Kriging for 3D Lithofacies Modeling
Authors: Song Yuqi , Tsai Frank T.‐C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping a three‐dimensional (3D) lithofacies model from boreholes is critical for providing a coherent understanding of complex subsurface geology, which is essential for groundwater studies. This study aims to introduce a new geostatistical method—interval kriging—to efficiently conduct 3D borehole‐based lithological modeling with sand/non‐sand binary indicators. Interval kriging is a best linear unbiased estimator for irregular interval supports. Interval kriging considers 3D anisotropies between two orthogonal components—a horizontal plane and a vertical axis. A new 3D interval semivariogram is developed. To cope with the nonconvexity of estimation variance, the minimization of estimation variance is regulated with an additional regularization term. The minimization problem is solved by a global‐local genetic algorithm embedded with quadratic programming and Brent's method to obtain kriging weights and kriging length. Four numerical and real‐world case studies demonstrate that interval kriging is more computationally efficient than 3D kriging because the covariance matrix is largely reduced without sacrificing borehole data. Moreover, interval kriging produces more realistic geologic characteristics than 2.5D kriging, while conditional to spatial borehole data. Compared to the multiple‐point statistics (MPS) algorithm—SNESIM, interval kriging can reproduce the geological architecture and spatial connectivity of channel‐type features, meanwhile producing tabular‐type features with better connectivity. Because the regularization term constrains kriged value toward 0 or 1, interval kriging produces more certainty in sand/non‐sand classification than 2.5D kriging, 3D kriging, and SNESIM. In conclusion, interval kriging is an effective and efficient 3D geostatistical algorithm that can capture the 3D structural complexity while significantly reducing computational time.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of COVID‐19 Pandemic City Lockdown: Insights From Nighttime Light Remote Sensing
Authors: Jiang Luguang , Liu Ye 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe global COVID‐19 outbreak severely hampered the growth of the global economy, prompting the implementation of the strictest prevention policies in China. Establishing a significant relationship between changes in nighttime light and COVID‐19 lockdowns from a geospatial perspective is essential. In light of nighttime light remote sensing, we evaluated the spatiotemporal dynamic effects of COVID‐19 city lockdowns on human activity intensity in the Zhengzhou region. Prior to the COVID‐19 outbreak, nighttime light in the Zhengzhou region maintained a significant growth trend, even under regular control measures. However, following the October 2022 COVID‐19 lockdown, nighttime light experienced a substantial decrease. In the central area of Zhengzhou, nighttime light decreased by at least 18% compared to pre‐lockdown levels, while in the sub‐center, the decrease was around 14%. The areas where nighttime light decreased the most in the central region were primarily within a 15 km radius, while in the sub‐center, the decrease was concentrated within a 5 km radius. These changes in both statistical data and nighttime light underscored the significant impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on economic activities in the Zhengzhou region.
Genetic analysis of congenital unilateral renal agenesis in children based on next-generation sequencing
Authors: Yang Huiru , Zhang Jingzhi , Tang Yao , Zhong Qiang , Qian Wen , Wang Zhengrong , Zhou Zunlun , Zhang Zulong , Pan Wei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Congenital unilateral renal agenesis (URA) is a kind of rare birth defect during fetal development with varies clinical phenotypes. The pathogenesis and the relationship between gene and phenotype are still unclear.

Methods
Ten URA fetuses were followed up after birth using postnatal renal ultrasound examination to confirm the diagnosis with nine children were URA and one was Renal Ectopy (RE). Trio- WES, CNV- seq were performed with the 10 children and their close relatives.

Results
There were 3 heterozygous variants of CHD7, PROKR2 and NRIP1 genes were identified in 3 children, respectively. CHD7 (c.2663T>C, p.M888T) is classified as likely pathogenic (LP), PROKR2 (c.685G>C, p.G229R) and NRIP1 (c.2705T>G, p.F902C) are classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). CHD7 (c.2663T>C, p.M888T) and PROKR2 (c.685G>C, p.G229R) as URA-related genes may be associated with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) or CHARGE syndrome (CS), and 3D-protein structure prediction revealed that the two variants may affect the stability in the CHD7 protein or PROKR2 protein, separately. The RE-related gene NRIP1 (c.2705T>G, p.F902C) may be causative of congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT).

Conclusions
Identification of these variants can in exploring the etiology of URA or RE and improve the level of genetic counseling.

Impacts

We performed trio-whole-exome sequencing (trio- WES) and copy number variation sequencing (CNV- seq) in 10 children, including 9 children with Unilateral Renal Agenesis and 1 with Renal Ectopy after birth.

The possible pathogenic genes of URA can be screened using prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of URA fetuses and gene detection after birth.

Future studies evaluating this association may lead to a better understanding of URA and elucidate exploring the etiology of URA or RE and improve the level of genetic counseling.
Anthropometric traits and risk of multiple myeloma: differences by race, sex and diagnostic clinical features
Authors: Arnold Kevin D. , Ong Krystle L. , Ravi Gayathri , Cutshall Hannah , Purnell Kalyn , Wessel Meredith C. , Godby Kelly N. , Bal Susan , Giri Smith , Rogers Laura Q. , Demark-Wahnefried Wendy , Davies Faith E. , Costa Luciano J. , Morgan Gareth J. , Birmann Brenda M. , Brown Elizabeth E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Obesity is an established modifiable risk factor for multiple myeloma (MM). However, associations of obesity and MM risk in Black populations, for whom obesity and MM are more common, is less clear.

Methods
Using participants enrolled in the Integrative Molecular And Genetic Epidemiology study, we evaluated the association of anthropometric traits with MM risk overall, stratified by race and sex. Among cases, we assessed the association of BMI with the presence of myeloma-defining events.

Results
We observed an 18% increase in MM risk for every 5 kg/m2 increase in usual adult BMI. Participants with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) had the highest risk compared to those with a normal usual adult BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2; OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.25–2.80), particularly among Black men (OR = 3.94, 95% CI 0.90–17.36). Furthermore, MM cases with overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were more likely to present at diagnosis with low renal function (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.09–2.40), deletion 13q (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.08–2.76) and lytic lesions or compression fractures (OR = 2.39, 95% CI 0.82–7.01) and less likely to present with severe diffuse osteopenia (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.31–0.81).

Conclusions
Findings underscore the importance of obesity as a modifiable risk factor for MM, particularly in high-risk populations, and for the clinical presentation of disease.
Topologically influenced terahertz emission in Co2MnGa with a large anomalous Hall effect
Authors: Mandal Ruma , Momma Ren , Ishibashi Kazuaki , Iihama Satoshi , Suzuki Kazuya , Mizukami Shigemi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The terahertz (THz) spectral zone is one of the most exciting but least explored domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. To extend the applicability of THz waves, the present objective is to develop an efficient, compact, durable, and low-cost THz emitter source. A spintronic THz emitter consisting of a ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic bilayer heterostructure is a promising innovation that can provide an alternative solution/replacement for conventional THz emitters. To further develop these spin-based THz emitters, we demonstrate an efficient and strong THz emission from a single layer of Co2MnGa with a large anomalous Hall effect (AHE) influenced by its Weyl semimetallic nature. Strong correlations among the THz emission, AHE, and chemical ordering of the full Heusler crystal structures for Co2MnGa are shown. Based on proper structural and chemical design, the topological nature of this material facilitates systematic optimization. Our initial findings provide a new design concept for the topological influences on spin-based THz emitters, and these emitters are expected to facilitate the further development of the intriguing Weyl physics.
Using computational approaches to enhance the interpretation of missense variants in the PAX6 gene
Authors: Andhika Nadya S. , Biswas Susmito , Hardcastle Claire , Green David J. , Ramsden Simon C. , Birney Ewan , Black Graeme C. , Sergouniotis Panagiotis I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe PAX6 gene encodes a highly-conserved transcription factor involved in eye development. Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in PAX6 can cause a range of ophthalmic disorders including aniridia. A key molecular diagnostic challenge is that many PAX6 missense changes are presently classified as variants of uncertain significance. While computational tools can be used to assess the effect of genetic alterations, the accuracy of their predictions varies. Here, we evaluated and optimised the performance of computational prediction tools in relation to PAX6 missense variants. Through inspection of publicly available resources (including HGMD, ClinVar, LOVD and gnomAD), we identified 241 PAX6 missense variants that were used for model training and evaluation. The performance of ten commonly used computational tools was assessed and a threshold optimization approach was utilized to determine optimal cut-off values. Validation studies were subsequently undertaken using PAX6 variants from a local database. AlphaMissense, SIFT4G and REVEL emerged as the best-performing predictors; the optimized thresholds of these tools were 0.967, 0.025, and 0.772, respectively. Combining the prediction from these top-three tools resulted in lower performance compared to using AlphaMissense alone. Tailoring the use of computational tools by employing optimized thresholds specific to PAX6 can enhance algorithmic performance. Our findings have implications for PAX6 variant interpretation in clinical settings.
Nerve fibre organisation in the human optic nerve and chiasm: what do we really know?
Authors: Pawar Pratap R. , Booth Joshua , Neely Andrew , McIlwaine Gawn , Lueck Christian J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA recent anatomical study of the human optic chiasm cast doubt on the widespread assumption that nerve fibres travelling in the human optic nerve and chiasm are arranged retinotopically. Accordingly, a scoping literature review was performed to determine what is known about the nerve fibre arrangement in these structures. Meta-analysis suggested that the average number of fibres in each optic nerve was 1.023 million with an inter-individual range of approximately 50% of the mean. Loss of nerve fibres with age (approximately 3,400 fibres/year) could not account for this variability. The review suggested that there might be a retinotopic arrangement of nerve fibres in the orbital portion of the optic nerve but that this arrangement is most likely to be lost posteriorly with a more random distribution of nerve fibres at the chiasm. Limited studies have looked at nerve fibre arrangement in the chiasm. In summary, the chiasm is more ‘H-shaped’ than ‘X-shaped’: nerve fibre crossings occur paracentrally with nerves in the centre of the chiasm travelling coronally and in parallel. There is interaction between crossed and uncrossed fibres which are widely distributed. The review supports the non-existence of Wilbrand’s knee. Considerable further work is required to provide more precise anatomical information, but this review suggests that the assumed preservation of retinotopy in the human optic nerve and chiasm is probably not correct.
Extraembryonic gut endoderm cells undergo programmed cell death during development
Authors: Batki Julia , Hetzel Sara , Schifferl Dennis , Bolondi Adriano , Walther Maria , Wittler Lars , Grosswendt Stefanie , Herrmann Bernhard G. , Meissner Alexander 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite a distinct developmental origin, extraembryonic cells in mice contribute to gut endoderm and converge to transcriptionally resemble their embryonic counterparts. Notably, all extraembryonic progenitors share a non-canonical epigenome, raising several pertinent questions, including whether this landscape is reset to match the embryonic regulation and if extraembryonic cells persist into later development. Here we developed a two-colour lineage-tracing strategy to track and isolate extraembryonic cells over time. We find that extraembryonic gut cells display substantial memory of their developmental origin including retention of the original DNA methylation landscape and resulting transcriptional signatures. Furthermore, we show that extraembryonic gut cells undergo programmed cell death and neighbouring embryonic cells clear their remnants via non-professional phagocytosis. By midgestation, we no longer detect extraembryonic cells in the wild-type gut, whereas they persist and differentiate further in p53-mutant embryos. Our study provides key insights into the molecular and developmental fate of extraembryonic cells inside the embryo.
A recurrent network model of planning explains hippocampal replay and human behavior
Authors: Jensen Kristopher T. , Hennequin Guillaume , Mattar Marcelo G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhen faced with a novel situation, people often spend substantial periods of time contemplating possible futures. For such planning to be rational, the benefits to behavior must compensate for the time spent thinking. Here, we capture these features of behavior by developing a neural network model where planning itself is controlled by the prefrontal cortex. This model consists of a meta-reinforcement learning agent augmented with the ability to plan by sampling imagined action sequences from its own policy, which we call ‘rollouts’. In a spatial navigation task, the agent learns to plan when it is beneficial, which provides a normative explanation for empirical variability in human thinking times. Additionally, the patterns of policy rollouts used by the artificial agent closely resemble patterns of rodent hippocampal replays. Our work provides a theory of how the brain could implement planning through prefrontal–hippocampal interactions, where hippocampal replays are triggered by—and adaptively affect—prefrontal dynamics.
Cumulative lifetime stressor exposure impairs stimulus–response but not contextual learning
Authors: Rosero-Pahi Mario , Andoh Jamila , Shields Grant S. , Acosta-Ortiz Alida , Serrano-Gomez Sergio , Slavich George M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGreater exposure to stressors over the life course is believed to promote striatum-dependent over hippocampus-dependent learning and memory processes under stressful conditions. However, little research in this context has actually assessed lifetime stressor exposure and, moreover, it remains unknown whether greater cumulative lifetime stressor exposure exerts comparable effects on striatum-dependent learning and hippocampus-dependent learning in non-stressful contexts. To investigate this issue, we used the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) and Multicued Search Task to investigate the relation between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure and striatum-dependent stimulus–response learning and hippocampus-dependent contextual learning under non-stressful conditions among healthcare professionals (N = 205; 157 females, 48 males; Age: M = 34.23, SD 9.3, range 20–59 years). Individuals with moderate, but not low, cumulative lifetime stressor exposure exhibited impaired learning for stimulus–response associations. In contrast, learning for context associations was unrelated to participants' lifetime stressor exposure profiles. These results thus provide first evidence that cumulative lifetime stressor exposure may have negative consequences on human striatum-dependent stimulus–response learning under non-stressful environmental conditions.
Hybrid FOT2F-FOPD controller for permanent magnet synchronization motor based on ILA optimization with SRF-PLL
Authors: Nouh Mohamed , Zalam Belal A. , Sayed Amged 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPermanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems have gained popularity in various fields due to their advantages such as high speed, high accuracy, low maintenance, and high reliability. This paper presents the speed tracking control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using a hybrid fractional order PI and type 2 fuzzy control with fractional order PD control (FOT2F-FOPD). The SRF-PLL observes the motor speed and estimates the rotor's position by interpreting the input voltages of the motor instead of using a sensor. Then, the controller parameters (gain, μ and λ) are tuned based on a novel optimization algorithm called Incomprehensible but Intelligible-in-time (IbI) Logics algorithm (ILA). The proposed controller enhances the performance of the system and regulates the speed of the motor under parameter variations such as the speed and the load. So, the proposed ILA (FOT2F-FOPD) controller is assessed using MATLAB/Simulink simulation and compared with other controller techniques. The proposed technique reduces the settling time, steady state error and overshoot by at least 65%, 54% and 53% respectively under load conditions compared with (PSO, optimized FOPD, FOPI and PI). While at no load condition, the settling time and the error are reduced by 31% and 12.5% respectively with no overshoot in output response. The results show a significant improvement in the performance of motors used with the application of the proposed controller and the employment of the (ILA) optimization compared with FOPI and PI controllers.
QSPR/QSAR study of antiviral drugs modeled as multigraphs by using TI’s and MLR method to treat COVID-19 disease
Authors: P Ugasini Preetha , Suresh M. , Tolasa Fikadu Tesgera , Bonyah Ebenezer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose significant challenges worldwide, despite widespread vaccination. Researchers are actively exploring antiviral treatments to assess their efficacy against emerging virus variants. The aim of the study is to employ M-polynomial, neighborhood M-polynomial approach and QSPR/QSAR analysis to evaluate specific antiviral drugs including Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Arbidol, Thalidomide, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Theaflavin and Remdesivir. Utilizing degree-based and neighborhood degree sum-based topological indices on molecular multigraphs reveals insights into the physicochemical properties of these drugs, such as polar surface area, polarizability, surface tension, boiling point, enthalpy of vaporization, flash point, molar refraction and molar volume are crucial in predicting their efficacy against viruses. These properties influence the solubility, permeability, and bio availability of the drugs, which in turn affect their ability to interact with viral targets and inhibit viral replication. In QSPR analysis, molecular multigraphs yield notable correlation coefficients exceeding those from simple graphs: molar refraction (MR) (0.9860), polarizability (P) (0.9861), surface tension (ST) (0.6086), molar volume (MV) (0.9353) using degree-based indices, and flash point (FP) (0.9781), surface tension (ST) (0.7841) using neighborhood degree sum-based indices. QSAR models, constructed through multiple linear regressions (MLR) with a backward elimination approach at a significance level of 0.05, exhibit promising predictive capabilities highlighting the significance of the biological activity $$IC_{50}$$

I

C
50

(Half maximal inhibitory concentration). Notably, the alignment of predicted and observed values for Remdesivir’s with obs $${pIC_{50} = 6.01}$$

p
I

C
50

=
6.01

,pred $${pIC_{50} = 6.01}$$

p
I

C
50

=
6.01

($$pIC_{50}$$

p
I

C
50

represents the negative logarithm of $$IC_{50}$$

I

C
50

) underscores the accuracy of multigraph-based QSAR analysis. The primary objective is to showcase the valuable contribution of multigraphs to QSPR and QSAR analyses, offering crucial insights into molecular structures and antiviral properties. The integration of physicochemical applications enhances our understanding of factors influencing antiviral drug efficacy, essential for combating emerging viral strains effectively.