bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of directive tutor guidance on students' conceptual understanding of statistics in problem‐based learning
Authors: Budé Luc , van de Wiel Margaretha W. J. , Imbos Tjaart , Berger Martijn P. F. 
Published: June 2010

Background. Education is aimed at students reaching conceptual understanding of the subject matter, because this leads to better performance and application of knowledge. Conceptual understanding depends on coherent and error‐free knowledge structures. The construction of such knowledge structures can only be accomplished through active learning and when new knowledge can be integrated into prior knowledge. Aims. The intervention in this study was directed at both the activation of students as well as the integration of knowledge. Sample. Undergraduate university students from an introductory statistics course, in an authentic problem‐based learning (PBL) environment, were randomly assigned to conditions and measurement time points. Method. In the PBL tutorial meetings, half of the tutors guided the discussions of the students in a traditional way. The other half guided the discussions more actively by asking directive and activating questions. To gauge conceptual understanding, the students answered open‐ended questions asking them to explain and relate important statistical concepts. Results and conclusions. Results of the quantitative analysis show that providing directive tutor guidance improved understanding. Qualitative data of students' misconceptions seem to support this finding. Long‐term retention of the subject matter seemed to be inadequate.
Comparing boy and girl arsonists: Crisis, family, and crime scene characteristics
Authors: Roe‐Sepowitz Dominique , Hickle Kristine 
Published: June 2010

Objective. Juvenile arson offenders have received increasing attention due to the high human and financial cost of arson in the USA. This study examines the similarities and differences between male and female juvenile arson offenders regarding family crisis, school issues, mental health, family characteristics, crime descriptions, and past delinquency. Method. The sample consists of 217 male and 114 female juveniles charged with an arson‐related charge from a large southern state over a 5‐year period from 2000 to 2005. Results. Female juvenile arsonists more often reported a significant crisis within their family in the past year when compared to male juvenile arsonists. Most of the juvenile arson offenders attended school regularly but girls had greater issues with tardiness or truancy than boys. Girl arsonists more often reported a history of childhood abuse, higher scores on a suicide ideation scale and were more likely to set fire at school. Boy arsonists were more likely to have greater mental health problems, report gang involvement, a history of prior delinquency and prior arson, and were found to set fires at their residence when compared to girl arsonists. Instrumental versus expressive reasons for the arson behaviour are discussed. Conclusion. These findings suggest strongly that boy and girls arson offenders are dissimilar enough to require unique assessment and treatment.
Polymorphisms in the endocannabinoid receptor 1 in relation to fat mass distribution
Authors: Frost M , Nielsen T L , Wraae K , Hagen C , Piters E , Beckers S , De Freitas F , Brixen K , Van Hul W , Andersen M 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveBoth animal and human studies have associated the endocannabinoid system with obesity and markers of metabolic dysfunction. Blockade of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) caused weight loss and reduction in waist size in both obese and type II diabetics. Recent studies on common variants of the CB1 receptor gene (CNR1) and the link to obesity have been conflicting. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether selected common variants of theCNR1are associated with measures of obesity and fat distribution.Design and methodsThe single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs806381, rs10485179 and rs1049353 were genotyped, and body fat and fat distribution were assessed by the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging in a population-based study comprising of 783 Danish men, aged 20–29 years.ResultsThe rs806381 polymorphism was significantly associated with visceral fat mass (FM) only, whereas the rs1049353 was significantly and directly associated with visceral and intermuscular FM. None of the SNPs analysed were associated with total body FM or subcutaneous FM.ConclusionThe results point towards a link between common variants of theCNR1and fat distribution in young men.
Family-Centered Rounds on Pediatric Wards: A PRIS Network Survey of US and Canadian Hospitalists
Authors: Mittal Vineeta S. , Sigrest Ted , Ottolini Mary C. , Rauch Daniel , Lin Hua , Kit Brian , Landrigan Christopher P. , Flores Glenn 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to examine pediatric hospitalist rounding practices and characteristics associated with programs conducting family-centered rounds (FCRs).

METHODS:
The Pediatric Hospitalist Triennial Survey, sent to a subset of pediatric hospitalists on the Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings listserv from the United States and Canada, consisted of 63 questions on sociodemographic characteristics, training, practice characteristics, and rounding practices.

RESULTS:
Among 265 respondents (response rate: 70%), 78% practiced in academic hospitals and 22% in nonacademic hospitals. The prevalences of specific rounding categories were as follows: FCRs, 44%; sit-down, 24%; hallway, 21%; others, 11%. FCRs occurred significantly more often in academic (48%) than nonacademic (31%) hospitals (P = .04). FCRs can include pediatric residents, bedside nurses, charge nurses, case managers, pharmacists, and social workers. Academic settings and higher average daily patient censuses, but not FCRs, were significantly associated with prolonged rounding duration. The most commonly perceived FCR benefits included increased family involvement and understanding, trainee role modeling, and effective team communication. Physical constraints, trainees' apprehensions, and time were the main perceived FCR barriers. Greater perceived benefit/barrier ratios, FCR benefits, and family involvement in care were associated with a greater likelihood of conducting FCRs, whereas a greater number of perceived FCR barriers was associated with not conducting FCRs.

CONCLUSIONS:
FCRs were the most-common rounding category among respondents. FCRs were not associated with a self-reported increase in rounding duration. Successful FCR implementation may require educating staff members and trainees about FCR benefits and addressing FCR barriers.
Children's Language Ability and Psychosocial Development: A 29-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Schoon Ingrid , Parsons Samantha , Rush Robert , Law James 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVES:Little is known on the psychosocial adult outcomes of children's early language skills or intervening circumstances. The aim of this study was to assess the longitudinal trajectory linking childhood receptive language skills to psychosocial outcomes in later life.METHODS:The study comprised 6941 men and women who participated in a nationally representative Birth Cohort Study. Direct assessment of language skills were made at age 5. The sample was studied again at age 34 to assess psychosocial outcomes and levels of adult mental health. Characteristics of the family environment, individual adjustment, and social adaptation in the transition to adulthood were assessed as potential moderating factors linking early language skills to adult mental health.RESULTS:In early childhood, cohort members with poor receptive language experienced more disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances than cohort members with normal language skills and showed more behavior and psychosocial adjustment problems in the transition to adulthood. At age 34, cohort members with poor early language skills reported lower levels of mental health than cohort members with normal language. After adjustment for family background and experiences of social adaptation, early language skills maintained a significant and independent impact in predicting adult mental health.CONCLUSIONS:Early receptive language skills are significantly associated with adult mental health as well as psychosocial adjustment during early childhood and in later life. The needs of children with language problems are complex and call for early and continuing provision of educational support and services.
Malformations of Cortical Development in Patients with Midline Facial Defects and Ocular Hypertelorism
Authors: Giffoni Silvyo David Araújo , Cendes Fernando , Valente Marcelo , Gil-Da-Silva-Lopes Vera Lucia 
Published: June 2010

Objectives We studied the neuroimaging and neurophysiological aspects of 17 patients with midline facial defects with ocular hypertelorism (MFDH). Methods The investigation protocol included a previous semistructured questionnaire about family history; gestational, neonatal, and postnatal development; and dysmorphologic and neurologic evaluation. Recognized monogenic disorders and individuals with other well-known conditions were excluded. All patients had high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and routine electroencephalograms (EEGs). Results We detected abnormalities in five patients whose MRIs had been previously reported as normal. MRI showed central nervous system (CNS) structural abnormalities in all patients, which included commissural alterations in 16/17 (94%), malformations of cortical development in 10/17 (58%), disturbances of neural tube closure in 7/17 (42%), and posterior fossa anomalies in 6/17 (35%). Some patients had more than one type of malformation occurring at different stages of the embryonary process. EEGs showed epileptiform activity in 4/17 (24%) and background abnormalities in 5/17 (29%) of patients. Conclusion This study clearly demonstrated the presence of structural and functional neurologic alterations related to MFDH. Therefore, the CNS anomalies cannot be considered incidental findings but an intrinsic part of this condition, which could be related to environmental effects and/or genetic mutations. These findings would provide a basis for future investigations on MFDH and should also be considered when planning rehabilitation.
The Effects of Unrepaired Cleft Palate on Early Language Development in Chinese Infants
Authors: Lu Zhengwei , Ma Lian , Luo Yi , Fletcher Paul 
Published: June 2010

Objective To investigate the effects of unrepaired cleft palate on the development of vocabulary comprehension and expression of Chinese children aged 8 to 15 months. Methods The parents or caregivers of 40 infants with unrepaired cleft palate were recruited from the Cleft Lip and Palate Center at the Stomatology School of Peking University. Vocabulary development was assessed using a parent report protocol, the Chinese Communicative Development Inventory: Infant, for Putonghua (PCDI: Infant). The scores for vocabulary comprehension and expression of infants with clefts were compared with typically developing infants in the same age group. Results All infants with unrepaired cleft palate performed below the typically developing infants in vocabulary comprehension, but there were no significant differences from 8 to 15 months of age. No significant differences were found from 8 to 13 months of age on the expressive vocabulary portion of the Chinese Communicative Development Inventory: Infant, for Putonghua. However, a significant difference appeared at 14 and 15 months, with infants with cleft palate performing at a significantly lower level than the typically developing infants. Conclusion The development of vocabulary comprehension in Chinese infants younger than 14 months with unrepaired cleft palate is not significantly delayed. At 14 and 15 months, however, the development of vocabulary expression is delayed. The reasons may be found in the specific phonetic characteristics of Putonghua.
Predictive Value of Weight Gain and Airway Obstruction in Isolated Robin Sequence
Authors: Stubenitsky Bart M. , Taylor Helena O.B. , Peters Daniel , Kelly Charis , Harkness Maggie , Forrest Christopher 
Published: June 2010

Objective Treatment of airway obstruction and feeding difficulties among newborns with isolated Robin sequence is challenging. The lack of clear guidelines may lead to prolonged hospital stays and delays in treatment. Appropriate risk stratification can facilitate treatment planning. We aim to identify factors that prognosticate prolonged hospital stay in children with isolated Robin sequence. Setting We used a retrospective multivariate analysis of 46 patients admitted with isolated Robin sequence at the Hospital for Sick Children, in Toronto, between 2000 and 2007. During the initial 4 weeks following admission, data regarding duration of hospital stay, management of airway obstruction, respiratory rate, management of feeding difficulties, and reflux therapy were collected. Results Correlation between length of hospital stay, airway management, and weight gain during the initial 4 weeks was noted. No correlation was found between length of hospital stay and respiratory rate, supplemental oxygen requirement, or reflux therapy. Conclusions Risk stratification is possible in children with isolated Robin sequence. Delayed weight gain in Robin sequence correlates with the degree of airway obstruction. The need for a nasopharyngeal tube and weight gain during the initial 4 weeks of life in newborns with Robin sequence reliably predict length of hospital stay. These prognosticators should contribute to parent and physician expectations, as well as assist in treatment and discharge planning.
Three-Dimensional Head Shape Quantification for Infants with and without Deformational Plagiocephaly
Authors: Atmosukarto I. , Shapiro L.G. , Starr J.R. , Heike C.L. , Collett B. , Cunningham M.L. , Speltz M.L. 
Published: June 2010

Objective The authors developed and tested three-dimensional (3D) indices for quantifying the severity of deformational plagiocephaly (DP). Design The authors evaluated the extent to which infants with and without DP (as determined by clinic referral and two experts’ ratings) could be correctly classified. Participants Infants aged 4 to 11 months, including 154 with diagnosed DP and 100 infants without a history of DP or other craniofacial condition. After excluding participants with discrepant expert ratings, data from 90 infants with DP and 50 infants without DP were retained. Measurements Two-dimensional (2D) histograms of surface normal vector angles were extracted from 3D mesh data and used to compute the severity scores. Outcome Measures Left posterior flattening score (LPFS), right posterior flattening score (RPFS), asymmetry score (AS), absolute asymmetry score (AAS), and an approximation of a previously described 2D measure, the oblique cranial length ratio (aOCLR). Two-dimensional histograms localized the posterior flatness for each participant. Analysis The authors fit receiver operating characteristic curves and calculated the area under the curves (AUC) to evaluate the relative accuracy of DP classification using the above measures. Results The AUC statistics were AAS = 91 %, LPFS = 97%, RPFS = 91 %, AS = 99%, and aOCLR = 79%. Conclusion Novel 3D-based plagiocephaly posterior severity scores provided better sensitivity and specificity in the discrimination of plagiocephalic and typical head shapes than the 2D measurements provided by a close approximation of OCLR. These indices will allow for more precise quantification of the DP phenotype in future studies on the prevalence of this condition, which may lead to improved clinical care.
Tongue-Palate Contact during Selected Vowels in Normal Speech
Authors: Gibbon Fiona E. , Lee Alice , Yuen Ivan 
Published: June 2010

Objective Previous research using electropalatography has revealed that high vowels are vulnerable to articulation errors in cleft palate speech. The error involves complete tongue-palate contact, which obstructs normal airflow through the mouth and increases nasal airflow. This study used electropalatography to provide a more detailed description of typical tongue-palate contact for high vowels than currently exists. Design Electropalatography and acoustic data were recorded for multiple repetitions of monophthongs /i/, /u/, and /a/ and diphthongs /ai/, /oi/, and /au/. Participants Ten typical English-speaking adults. Measures Two measures were taken from electropalatography data during vowels; one identified electropalatography patterns with complete tongue-palate contact and a second calculated percentage of contact at five time points. Results None of the vowels had electropalatography patterns with complete tongue-palate contact. The amount of contact varied for the different vowels at the five time points throughout the vowels and also between speakers. When contact occurred, it was located in the posterior, lateral regions of the palate, forming a central groove that was free of contact. Conclusion Complete tongue-palate contact during vowels is not a feature of typical English speech and can be considered an error pattern. The normative date provided in this study will be useful to speech-language pathologists who use electropalatography in their clinical work. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the assessment of vowels in cleft palate speech.
Chromosomal Abnormalities in Finnish Orofacial Cleft Patients: Excess of Submucous Cleft Patients?
Authors: Klockars Tuomas , Ala-Mello Sirpa , Rautio Jorma 
Published: June 2010

Objective The aim was to identify chromosomal regions possibly involved in the development of orofacial clefts and to compare syndromic cleft phenotypes with previous reports. Design We have retrospectively gathered and analyzed chromosomal aberrations and phenotypes of Finnish cleft patients treated at the Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, Helsinki University Central Hospital. Setting The study was carried out at the Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, Helsinki University Central Hospital. Patients The cleft register contains information on about 7600 Finnish cleft patients. Main Outcome Measures Identification of patients for further molecular analyses and identification of chromosomal regions associated with orofacial clefting. Results We identified 37 cleft patients with chromosomal aberrations of putative research interest. Conclusions We were able to efficiently select patients for further molecular analyses and identify chromosomal regions that might be associated with orofacial clefting. The percentage of submucous cleft patients among cleft patients with chromosomal aberrations was unexpectedly high.
Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Response Assessment Before High-Dose Chemotherapy for Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Terasawa Teruhiko , Dahabreh Issa J. , Nihashi Takashi 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background.
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to better define the prognostic ability of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) following salvage chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Methods.
We searched PubMed (from inception to January 31, 2010), bibliographies, and review articles without language restriction. Two assessors independently assessed study characteristics, quality, and results. We performed a meta-analysis to determine prognostic accuracy.

Results.
Twelve studies including 630 patients were eligible. The most commonly evaluated histologies were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 313) and HL (n = 187), which were typically treated with various salvage and high-dose chemotherapy regimens. Studies typically employed nonstandardized protocols and diagnostic criteria. The prognostic accuracy was heterogeneous across the included studies. 18F-FDG PET had a summary sensitivity of 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56–0.81) and specificity of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.73–0.87). The summary estimates were stable in sensitivity analyses. In four studies that performed direct comparisons between PET and conventional restaging modalities, PET had a superior accuracy for predicting treatment outcomes. Subgroup and metaregression analyses did not identify any particular factor to explain the observed heterogeneity.

Conclusion.
18F-FDG PET performed after salvage therapy appears to be an appropriate test to predict treatment failure in patients with refractory or relapsed lymphoma who receive high-dose chemotherapy. Some evidence suggests PET is superior to conventional restaging for this purpose. Given the methodological limitations in the primary studies, prospective studies with standardized methodologies are needed to confirm and refine these promising results.
Antibacterial Activity of Various Self-etching Adhesive Systems Against Oral Streptococci
Authors: Esteves C. M. , Ota-Tsuzuki C. , Reis A. F. , Rodrigues J. A. 
Published: June 2010

Clinical Relevance
An antimicrobial effect is desired for adhesive systems in order to avoid cariogenic bacterial colonization and also the growth of remaining bacteria in the cavity preparation.
Stepwise Excavation in a Permanent Molar: 17-year Follow-up
Authors: Lima F. F. , Pascotto R. C. , Benetti A. R. 
Published: June 2010

Clinical Relevance
Due to the risk of pulp exposure in deep carious lesions, stepwise excavation can be a conservative and successful option for selected cases, when signs and symptoms of a normal pulp are present.
Concordance Between Preoperative and Postoperative Assessments of Primary Caries Lesion Depth: Results From The Dental PBRN
Authors: Nascimento M. M. , Bader J. D. , Qvist V. , Litaker M. S. , Williams O. D. , Rindal D. B. , Fellows J. L. , Gilbert G. H. , Gordan V. V. ,   for The DPBRN Collaborative Group
Published: June 2010

Clinical Relevance
Accuracy of dentists' preoperative estimates of caries lesion depth is a major determinant in appropriate restorative treatment decisions. Dentists may benefit from a personal review of their accuracy on assessing lesion depth by considering the results from this study.
The Health Information Technology Workforce
Authors: Hersh W. 
Published: June 2010

Summary
Background: There is increasing recognition that a competent and well-trained workforce is required for successful implementation of health information technology.
Methods: New and previous research was gathered through literature and Web searching as well as domain experts. Overall themes were extracted and specific data collated within each.
Results: There is still a paucity of research concerning the health information technology workforce. What research has been done can be classified into five categories: quantities and staffing ratios, job roles, gaps and growth, leadership qualifications, and education and competencies. From several countries it can be seen that substantial numbers of individuals are needed with diverse backgrounds and competencies.
Conclusions: Additional research is necessary to determine the optimal organization and education of the health information technology workforce.
Citation: Hersh W. : The health information technology workforce: Estimations of demands and a framework for requirements. Appl Clin Inf 2010; 1: 197–212 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2009-11-R-0011
An LMI approach to design observer for unknown inputs Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy models
Authors: Chadli M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper considers the design of an observer for a Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model subject to unknown inputs affecting states and outputs of the system simultaneously. Uncertainties affecting state matrices are also considered. Based on the Lyapunov method, sufficient conditions in Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) terms are proposed to design the given unknown input T‐S observer. In order to improve the performances of the proposed T‐S observer, the pole placement in an LMI region is also considered. An numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the derived results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society