bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Protect Neurons by Degrading Aggregative α‐syn and Clearing ROS in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: He Meina , Zhang Xiangming , Ran Xia , Zhang Yan , Nie Xiaoran , Xiao Bo , Lei Li , Zhai Suzhen , Zhu JinMing , Zhang Jingjing , Li Rong , Liu Zuoji , Zhu Yuping , Dai Zhijun , He Zhixu , Feng Jian , Zhang Chunlin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough evidence indicates that the abnormal accumulation of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra is the main pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), no compounds that have both α‐syn antiaggregation and α‐syn degradation functions have been successful in treating the disease in the clinic. Here, it is shown that black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) interact directly with α‐syn fibrils to trigger their disaggregation for PD treatment. Moreover, BPNSs have a specific affinity for α‐syn through van der Waals forces. And BPNSs are found to activate autophagy to maintain α‐syn homeostasis, improve mitochondrial dysfunction, reduce reactive oxygen species levels, and rescue neuronal death and synaptic loss in PC12 cells. It is also observed that BPNSs penetrate the blood–brain barrier and protect against dopamine neuron loss, alleviating behavioral disorders in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced mouse model and hA53T α‐syn transgenic mice. Together, the study reveals that BPNSs have the potential as a novel integrated nanomedicine for clinical diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases.
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Their Composites in Antimicrobial Applications
Authors: Yao Yining , Ye Zilin , Zhang Yue , Wang Yue , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are well‐known for their antimicrobial properties, but their widespread use is limited due to suboptimal antimicrobial efficiency and safety concerns. Recent progress in materials science has paved the way for the development of QAC‐based composites (QACCs). QACCs with diverse compositions have shown enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness and biosafety for various applications, such as food packaging, capacitive deionization, and household antimicrobials. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the synthesis approaches and different types of QACCs. Moreover, this review examines their antimicrobial applications, taking the underlying structure‐activity relationship into consideration. In addition, this perspectives are presented on the remaining challenges and future research directions for the further development of QACCs. It is expected that this review will provide a valuable reference for the design of next generation QACC‐based antimicrobial agents.
Activated Carbon Anchoring Site Enrichment Through B and N Codoping for Boosting Bi2Mo2.5(S,O)10 Oxysulfide Catalyst Stability and Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Abdeta Adugna Boke , Wedajo Feyisa , Wu Qinhan , Kuo Dong‐Hau , Li Ping , Zhang Hanya , Huang Ting , Lin Jinguo , Chen Xiaoyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBoron and nitrogen can enter the carbon lattice and provide structural disorder, porous structure, and active sites for better catalyst dispersions and activity. Herein, Bi2Mo2.5(S,O)10 oxysulfide (BiMoOS) anchored on unmodified and surface‐modified activated carbon (AC) via B and N doping is synthesized for efficient PHER, aiming that B and N doping into carbon framework can modify the surface textural features which act as anchoring sites for the host Bi2Mo2.5(S,O)10 and boost its photocatalytic activity by increasing specific surface area via preventing aggregation through a uniform distribution. Thus, the BiMoOS@B─N─AC catalyst achieved excellent stability and PHER performance (564.2 µmol h−1 H2 under visible light). The doped B and N in AC create structural disorder/defects, active sites and induce electron delocalization in B─N─AC, used as the anchoring sites for BiMoOS catalysts and stimulate the adsorption and activation kinetics of the H2O molecules, and also provide a highly conductive network that enhances charge transport and stability of BiMoOS@B─N─AC. With the advantages of the modified B─N─AC, the oxygen vacancy‐anchored BiMoOS exhibited superb PHER. Hence, B and N co‐doping into the carbon lattice is a promising approach to enriching the anchoring site for boosting metallic nanocatalyst stability and catalytic performance.
Experimental Protocols for Sustainable Ammonia Production by Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation: Pitfalls and Remedial Measures
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Krishnan Venkata 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of ammonia (NH3) by photocatalytic nitrogen (N2) fixation has gained tremendous attention from researchers worldwide. The number of reports on different materials for photocatalytic N2 fixation is increasing year by year in the quest for developing breakthrough and sustainable photocatalysts in this field. However, there are several pitfalls (nitrogenous impurities in feed gas and on the surface of the catalyst, reaction conditions, use of scavengers, NH3 quantification methods, etc.) in the path of photocatalytic N2 fixation experiments, which can lead to the reporting of bogus NH3 production rates. Therefore, the use of accurate experimental protocols for the quantification of photogenerated NH3 requires immediate attention and focus of the researchers so that reliable data can be reported in the literature. This perspective article mainly focuses on generating awareness in the photocatalytic N2 fixation research community about the recent establishments for reporting experimental results in this field. Several pitfalls that may lead to the wrong data reporting and remedial measures to avoid them are discussed in detail. Finally, a summary of the recent advancements in this field and recommendations on future directions is provided.
Interfacial Heterojunction Enables High Efficient PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Li , Chen Yong , Cao Shuang , Yuan Defei , Tang Xu , Wang Dengke , Gao Yajun , Zhang Junjie , Zhao Yongbiao , Yang Xichuan , Lu Zhenghong , Fan Quli , Sun Bin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising optoelectronic materials for solution‐processed thin film optoelectronic devices. However, the large surface area with abundant surface defects of CQDs and trap‐assisted non‐radiative recombination losses at the interface between CQDs and charge‐transport layer limit their optoelectronic performance. To address this issue, an interface heterojunction strategy is proposed to protect the CQDs interface by incorporating a thin layer of polyethyleneimine (PEIE) to suppress trap‐assisted non‐radiative recombination losses. This thin layer not only acts as a protective barrier but also modulates carrier recombination and extraction dynamics by forming heterojunctions at the buried interface between CQDs and charge‐transport layer, thereby enhancing the interface charge extraction efficiency. This enhancement is demonstrated by the shortened lifetime of carrier extraction from 0.72 to 0.46 ps. As a result, the resultant PbS CQD solar cells achieve a power‐conversion‐efficiency (PCE) of 13.4% compared to 12.2% without the heterojunction.
Layer Exchange Synthesis of SiGe for Flexible Thermoelectric Generators: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Toko Kaoru , Maeda Shintaro , Ishiyama Takamitsu , Nozawa Koki , Murata Masayuki , Suemasu Takashi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFlexible thermoelectric generators are leading candidates for next‐generation energy‐harvesting devices. Although SiGe, an environmentally‐friendly semiconductor, is the most reliable and widely tested thermoelectric material, it is difficult to form a SiGe layer with high thermoelectric performance at temperatures lower than the heat‐proof temperature of flexible plastic films. In this article, the synthesis of SiGe thermoelectric thin films via the metal‐induced layer exchange phenomenon is reviewed, from its mechanism to device performance. The selection of metal species allows low‐temperature formation (≤500 °C) of p‐ and n‐type SiGe on insulating substrates. Currently, the maximum power factors near room temperature are 850 µW m−1 K−2 for p‐type Si0.4Ge0.6 and 1000 µW m−1 K−2 for n‐type Si0.85Ge0.15. These values are the highest among those of Group IV semiconductor thin films formed at low temperatures. The flexible thermoelectric generator consisting of these p‐ and n‐type SiGe exhibits cross‐sectional and planar power densities of ≈3.0 mW cm−2 and 0.50 µW cm−2, respectively, at a temperature difference of 30 K. Finally, the future challenges of layer exchange for improving the performance of flexible thermoelectric generators based on Group IV semiconductors are discussed.
Interfacial Chemistry Design for Hybrid Lithium‐Ion/Metal Batteries Under Extreme Conditions
Authors: Lyu Taiyu , Luo Fenqiang , Liang Lizhe , Wang Dechao , Tao Lei , Zheng Zhifeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe storage behavior of Li ions in the anode limits the energy density of full cell. Storing entirely as Li ions sacrifices energy density while storing entirely as Li metal shortens cycle life. The hybrid behavior maximizes both energy density and lifespan through good anode candidate and interface engineering. In this work, Li ions storage is tailored in carbon film (CF) as a hybrid Li‐ion/metal to reduce Li metal consumption at low N/P ratios. A series of weakly solvating electrolytes are screened to enhance the Li intercalation ability of the CF anode while inducing highly reversible Li metal plating/stripping. Among them, 1 m LiFSI‐THF‐0.5 wt.%LiNO3 electrolyte achieves a low interfacial energy barrier, allowing the CF anode not only to have the highest intercalation capacity of 236.5 mAh g−1, but also to exhibit excellent cycling stability and high Coulombic efficiency, even at fast charging and low temperature. The NCM811||CF full cell with a low N/P ratio of 0.5 delivers a capacity of 527.3 mAh g−1 at 25 °C, and 381.5 mAh g−1 at −20 °C, achieving energy densities of 312.6 and 223.7 Wh kg−1, respectively. 100 mAh pouch cell can be cycled stably over 500 cycles, with a capacity retention of 83.0%.
Revealing Dynamic Evolution of the Anode‐Electrolyte Interphase in All‐Solid‐State Batteries with Excellent Cyclability
Authors: Kim Se Young , Bak Seong‐Min , Jun KyuJung , Ceder Gerbrand , Chen Guoying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state‐batteries (ASSBs) based on a halide solid electrolyte (SE) and a lithium‐metal based anode typically have poor cyclability without a buffer layer (such as Li3PS4 or Li6PS5Cl) to prevent the degradation reactions. Here excellent cycling stability of ASSB consisting of an uncoated single‐crystal LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode and a Li3YCl6 (LYC) SE separator in direct contact with a Li‐In anode are demonstrated. Through a combination of electrochemical measurements, synchrotron micro‐X‐ray absorption and diffraction analyses, and density functional theory calculations, reveal for the first time that along with the standard Li+ transport during charge/discharge, indium in the Li‐In anode also participates in the redox reactions. The in‐situ generated In3+ preferentially occupies the vacant Li sites in the trigonal LYC lattice, leading to the formation, growth, and eventual stabilization of an anode‐electrolyte interphase (AEI) layer consisting of an In‐doped Li3‐xInxYCl6 (x = ≈0.2) phase. It is discussed how the presence of such an AEI layer prevents LYC decomposition and suppresses dendrite formation and propagation, enabling stable cycling of ASSB with ≈90% capacity retention over 1000 cycles. This work sheds light on the dynamic evolution of the halide SE and alloy anode interphase, and opens new avenues in the future design of long‐lasting high‐energy all‐solid‐state‐batteries.
Correspondence on “Organo‐Mediator Enabled Electrochemical Deuteration of Styrenes”
Authors: Kolb Simon , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe recently reported electrochemical, organo‐mediator enabled deuteration of styrenes, a reaction referred to as “electrochemical deuterium atom transfer”, differs mechanistically from reported direct electrochemical hydrogenations/deuterations only by a mediated, homogeneous SET to the substrates. By comparing direct vs. mediated processes in general and for styrene reduction, we display that Qiu's work does not change the concept of this chemistry. Experiments with mediators and the direct reduction of examples from the reported scope show that even electron‐rich substrates can be reduced when our direct protocol, published six months before Qiu's work, is applied.
Ligand Isomerization Driven Electrocatalytic Switching
Authors: Kottaichamy Alagar Raja , Nazrulla Mohammed Azeezulla , Parmar Muskan , Thimmappa Ravikumar , Devendrachari Mruthyunjayachari Chattanahalli , Vinod Chathakudath Prabhakaran , Volokh Michael , Kotresh Harish Makri Nimbegondi , Shalom Menny , Thotiyl Musthafa Ottakam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe prevailing view about molecular catalysts is that the central metal ion is responsible for the reaction mechanism and selectivity, whereas the ligands mainly affect the reaction kinetics. Here, we question this paradigm and show that ligands have a dramatic influence on the selectivity of the product. We show how even a seemingly small change in ligand isomerization sharply alters the selectivity of the well‐researched oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) Co phthalocyanine catalyst from an indirect 2e− to a direct 4e− pathway. Detailed analysis reveals that intramolecular hydrogen‐bond interactions in the ligand activate the catalytic Co, directing the oxygen binding and thus deciding the final product. The resulting catalyst is the first example of a Co‐based molecular catalyst catalyzing a direct 4e− ORR via ligand isomerization, for which it shows an activity close to the benchmark Pt in an actual H2−O2 fuel cell. The effect of the ligand isomerism is demonstrated with different central metal ions, thus highlighting the generalizability of the findings and their potential to open new possibilities in the design of molecular catalysts.
Efficient synthesis of high vinyl polybutadiene based on continuous flow microchannel reactor
Authors: Li Fuchong , Gao Yang , Yu Chen , Yang Hailong , Liu Gai Guo , Cao Wei , Guo Jinshan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe traditional batch synthesis of liquid rubber faces issues such as low monomer polymerization concentration, poor uniformity of the reaction system, and inadequate heat dissipation, resulting in an unsatisfactory synthesis efficiency. This study presents a method for the rapid and efficient synthesis of high vinyl 1,2‐polybutadiene liquid rubber using butadiene as the monomer and n‐butyllithium as the initiator. By applying continuous flow microchannel reactors, the limitation of traditional synthesis method can be overcome. The addition of a modifier in the raw material promotes the formation of high vinyl structure. The preparation of liquid rubber requires the addition of a large amount of metal lithium initiator. However, for aerospace sealants, there is a requirement for low metal ion content. To address this, we employed different methods to reduce the metal ion content in the liquid rubber and increase its purity. Ultimately, we achieved the synthesis of high‐purity polybutadiene liquid rubber with 1,2‐vinyl content exceeding 88%, narrow molecular weight distribution, and tunable molecular weights. This research will provide technical guidance for the industrial application of polybutadiene synthesis in continuous flow microchannel reactors.
Thermal aging behavior and heat resistance mechanism of ultraviolet crosslinked ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fiber
Authors: Dong Tianhong , Niu Fangfang , Qiang Zhe , Wang Xinpeng , Guo Jungu , Wang Yimin , He Yong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs advances in heat resistant ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber via ultraviolet (UV) crosslinking, it is worth paying attention to its thermal aging behavior and heat resistance mechanism. UHMWPE fibers in different forms, the fully drawn yarn (FDY) and the UV crosslinked FDY (UVFDY), are subjected to isothermal aging at 135°C. The effects of thermal aging on their surface morphology and mechanical properties are studied and compared initially. The results demonstrate that UVFDY is a kind of a heat‐resistant fiber. Subsequently, to reveal the heat resistance mechanism of UVFDY, its crystalline and orientation structure evolution during thermal aging are further studied. It is indicated that the formation of dense‐packing crystals and disorientation behavior lead to fiber shrink, so that a number of grooves appear on the fiber surface. Since the crosslinked stucture of UVFDY hinders its molecules movement, the crystallization and disorientation behavior of UVFDY are weaker than those of FDY, resulting in UVFDY possesses slighter thermal shrinkage (Ts), fewer grooves and better mechanical properties than those of FDY. Therefore, the heat resistance of the fiber improves effectively after UV crosslinking. This work provides insights into the structure–property relationship of UVFDY during thermal aging, and offers basis data for its application in specific conditions.
Adjusting the dynamic and mechanochromic properties of aromatic disulfide epoxy vitrimers by unsaturation of epoxy monomers
Authors: Chen Ruiqi , Zhou Lin , Zhang Kuibao , Chen Mao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDisulfide‐contained vitrimers that possess unprecedented functions, such as reprocessing and self‐healing, are considered to be one of the most promising materials since they also exhibit mechanochromic behaviors. A few reports have given the phenomenon of mechanochromism, but the relationship between their structure and mechanochromic behavior needed to further research. Herein, three aromatic disulfide‐contained epoxy vitrimers with different degree of unsaturation are prepared by changing the epoxy monomer. The effect of network structure on the dynamic and mechanochromic properties are investigated. With increasing the degree of unsaturation from the aliphatic to aromatic epoxy vitrimers, the Tg‐value increases and the chain mobility decreases, so the aliphatic epoxy vitrimers shows the lowest activation energy, the lowest temperature of malleability Tv, and the shortest relaxation times. In addition, these epoxy vitrimers all showes reversible mechanochromic behaviors due to the generation and coupling of sulfenyl radicals, which can be accelerated by the high temperature and solvent. Meanwhile, the epoxy structure has a great influence on the mechanochromic behavior, including the absorption wavelength and fading kinetics of grinding powders. These results can be utilized to design desired vitrimer materials for various applications that requires both the intrinsically self‐report damage and the dynamic properties such as recycling.
Development of a label‐free, impedance‐based biosensor to identify harmful effects of pesticides on insect cells
Authors: Friedrich Sandra , Malagimani Neha , Michaelis Stefanie , Wegener Joachim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInsects are a major part of the planet's ecosystem and their vital role as pollinators for agriculture is undisputed. Alongside factors as climate change or loss of habitats, rising use of pesticides emerges as a key threat to insect populations. For fighting this man‐made problem, development of an easy, fast, sensitive, and non‐invasive biosensor for determining pesticide toxicity may help to ban harmful substances and formulations. Here, a biosensor based on Sf21 (Spodoptera frugiperda) insect cells as sensors and electric cell‐substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) as physical transducer is described. Sf21 cell suspensions and well‐defined pesticide solutions were mixed immediately before seeding on planar gold‐film electrodes. The capacitance at 20 kHz was recorded as a function of time as a measurand for cell adhesion providing dose–response profiles of pesticide impact. For future in‐field applications, decoupling of the cell culture routines from the actual cytotoxicity assay is mandatory. Thus, suspensions of Sf21 cells were cryopreserved at –80°C in the wells of multielectrode arrays and thawed anytime for conducting the assays. Five pesticides were tested for their concentration‐dependent cytotoxicity expressed as EC50 values by ECIS and validated using the well‐established WST‐1 cell viability assay. Results were found to be in good agreement. Our studies revealed cytotoxic effects of some pesticides sold for home usage far below the recommended concentration and were found to be more toxic than formulations sold for agricultural industry only.
Bathymetric LiDAR and Semi‐Automated Feature Extraction Assist Underwater Archaeological Surveys
Authors: Davis Dylan S. , Cook Hale Jessica W. , Hale Nathan L. , Johnston Trevor Z. , Sanger Matthew C. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTCritical data concerning key developments in global human history now lie submerged on continental shelves where investigations confront significant challenges. Whereas underwater excavations and surveys are expensive and weather dependent and require specialized training and equipment, remote sensing methods can improve chances for success offshore. A refinement in one method, a semi‐automated analysis protocol that can help to identify Pleistocene and Holocene era archaeological deposits in bathymetric LiDAR datasets, is presented here. This method employs contour mapping to identify potential archaeological features in shallow water environments in Apalachee Bay, Florida. This method successfully re‐identified multiple previously recorded archaeological sites in the study region and detected at least four previously undocumented archaeological sites. These results suggest that this procedure can expand on methods to identify and record submerged archaeological deposits in sediment‐starved, shallow‐water environments.
Safe tracking in games: Achieving optimal control with unknown dynamics and constraints
Authors: Cui Xiaohong , Chen Wenjie , Wang Binrui , Zhou Kun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces mix‐zero‐sum differential (MZSD) game theory to address multi‐player tracking systems, offering a better understanding of the coexistence of cooperation and competition among players. Within this framework, we present an optimal safety tracking control (OSTC) method, which incorporates a control barrier function (CBF) into the value function to ensure that the tracking error remains within a specified range, thus guaranteeing safety while achieving optimization. Simultaneously, to eliminate the need for system dynamics, we propose a novel approach leveraging off‐policy integral reinforcement learning (IRL) technology to obtain the Nash equilibrium solution of the MZSD games. We establish a unique critics–actors neural network (NN) structure that updates concurrently. Furthermore, we analyze stability and convergence using the Lyapunov method. We conduct two simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Semiglobal interval observer‐based robust coordination control of multi‐agent systems with input saturation
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Shen Jun , Qiu Hongling , Fei Cheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of robust coordination control based on interval observers for multi‐agent systems in the presence of input saturation and disturbances. Firstly, in the scenario where the system state is not directly measurable, two types of interval observers are, respectively, constructed by resorting to the upper and lower bounds on external perturbances as well as the output information. Secondly, a parametric Lyapunov equation‐based low‐gain feedback control method is proposed to guarantee semiglobal bounded consensus. In contrast to the conventional approach based on parametric algebraic Riccati equations, the proposed method offers the advantage of allowing the parameters to be determined in advance. Finally, a simulation example and a practical electrical circuit model are conducted to verify the theoretical results.