bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new bis(azine) tetradentate ligand and its transition metal complexes: Synthesis, characterisation, and extraction properties
Authors: Kulaksızoğlu Sultan , Gup Ramazan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new bis(bidentate) azine ligand was prepared by linking (1Z,1′Z)-1,1′-{butane-1,4-diylbis[oxybenzene-4,1-diyl(1Z)ethyl-1-ylidene]}dihydrazine to salicylaldehyde. Two kinds of binuclear copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes with different stoichiometries were prepared. Reaction of bis(azine) ligand with Cu(II) and Ni(II) acetate at a 1: 1 mole ratio gave double-stranded binuclear bis(azine) complexes with stoichiometry [M(L)(H2O)2]2 containing [M(II)N2O2] centres while at a 2: 1 mole ratio, reaction of Cu(II) and Ni(II) chloride with bis(azine) resulted in dinuclear metal complexes with the general stoichiometry [M2(L)Cl2(H2O)2]. Structures of the bis(azine) ligand and its complexes were identified by elemental analysis, IR and UV-VIS spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements, TGA, and powder XRD. Extraction properties of the bis(azine) ligand towards some transition metal cations and dichromate anions were also reported. It was found that the bis(azine) ligand does not extract cations but it has high extraction ability towards dichromate anions.
Bicontinuous nanodisc and nanospherical titania materials prepared by sol-gel process in reverse microemulsion
Authors: Haouemi Khaled , Touati Fathi , Gharbi Néji 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTiO2 nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes were synthesised by the sol-gel route in Water/Brij78/Hexane reverse microemulsions. The aqueous cores of these microemulsions were used as nanoreactors to control sol-gel reactions. We studied the effect of water/surfactant mole ratio (W 0) on the morphology, and textural properties of the final products. The materials thus obtained were characterised by different techniques. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) was used to study the thermal behaviour of the products and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify the crystalline phases. The morphological and textural properties of the products were determined by scattering electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, respectively. We also studied the influence of thermal treatment on the structure and size of the TiO2 particles. The effect of W 0 on the anatase-rutile phase transition temperature was investigated.
Avoir un deuxième enfant en Italie : de l'intention à la réalisation
Authors: Rinesi Francesca , Pinnelli Antonella , Prati Sabrina , Castagnaro Cinzia , Iaccarino Claudia 
Published: December 2011

Résumé En Italie, l’indice synthétique de fécondité est largement au-dessous du niveau de remplacement des générations, mais la plupart des femmes envisagent toujours d’avoir deux enfants. Il y a donc un décalage entre les intentions de fécondité et les comportements observés. Les auteures cherchent à évaluer, au niveau individuel, le degré de concordance entre les intentions de fécondité des mères d’un enfant et leur fécondité ultérieure, et à mettre en évidence quelles caractéristiques affectent à la fois les intentions positives de fécondité et leur réalisation à court terme. Cette analyse est élaborée à partir d’une base de données ad hoc construite en reliant l’édition 2002 de l’Enquête par sondage sur les naissances (où étaient recueillies les intentions de fécondité des mères) aux naissances vivantes inscrites dans le Registre de la population entre 2002 et 2008. Les résultats montrent que les intentions de fécondité des mères d’un enfant ont une influence déterminante sur leur comportement reproductif futur. Les hypothèses de l’influence du statut socioéconomique de ces femmes et de la charge des tâches ménagères sur leur intention d’avoir un autre enfant et la réalisation de ce projet ont été testées : les auteures constatent que le statut socioéconomique affecte moins les intentions positives de fécondité que leur réalisation, et que la charge de travail domestique ne paraît pas avoir d’effet significatif.
Population Dynamics of Naive and Memory CD8 T Cell Responses after Antigen Stimulations In Vivo
Authors: Martin Matthew D. , Condotta Stephanie A. , Harty John T. , Badovinac Vladimir P. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The extent to which the progeny of one primary memory CD8 T cell differs from the progeny of one naive CD8 T cell of the same specificity remains an unresolved question. To explore cell-autonomous functional differences between naive and memory CD8 T cells that are not influenced by differences in the priming environment, an experimental model has been developed in which physiological numbers of both populations of cells were cotransferred into naive hosts before Ag stimulation. Interestingly, naive CD8 T cells undergo greater expansion in numbers than do primary memory CD8 T cells after various infections or immunizations. The intrinsic ability of one naive CD8 T cell to give rise to more effector CD8 T cells than one memory CD8 T cell is independent of the number and quality of primary memory CD8 T cells present in vivo. The sustained proliferation of newly activated naive CD8 T cells contributed to their greater magnitude of expansion. Additionally, longitudinal analyses of primary and secondary CD8 T cell responses revealed that on a per-cell basis naive CD8 T cells generate higher numbers of long-lived memory cells than do primary memory CD8 T cells. This enhanced “memory generation potential” of responding naive CD8 T cells occurred despite the delayed contraction of secondary CD8 T cell responses. Taken together, the data in this study revealed previously unappreciated differences between naive and memory CD8 T cells and will help further define the functional potential for both cell types.
Splenic Stroma-Educated Regulatory Dendritic Cells Induce Apoptosis of Activated CD4 T Cells via Fas Ligand-Enhanced IFN-γ and Nitric Oxide
Authors: Xu Xiongfei , Yi Hai , Guo Zhenhong , Qian Cheng , Xia Sheng , Yao Yushi , Cao Xuetao 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Stromal microenvironments of bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen have been shown to be able to regulate immune cell differentiation and function. Our previous studies demonstrate that splenic stroma could drive mature dendritic cells (DC) to further proliferate and differentiate into regulatory DC subset that could inhibit T cell response via NO. However, how splenic stroma-educated regulatory DC release NO and whether other molecules are involved in the suppression of T cell response remain unclear. In this study, we show that splenic stroma educates regulatory DC to express high level of Fas ligand (FasL) by TGF-β via ERK activation. The findings, that inhibition of CD4 T cell proliferation by regulatory DC required cell-to-cell contact and FasL deficiency impaired inhibitory effect of regulatory DC, indicate that regulatory DC inhibit CD4 T cell proliferation via FasL. Then, regulatory DC have been found to be able to induce apoptosis of activated CD4 T cells via FasL in caspase 8- and caspase 3-dependent manner. Interestingly, FasL on regulatory DC enhanced IFN-γ production from activated CD4 T cells, and in turn T cell-derived IFN-γ induced NO production from regulatory DC, working jointly to induce apoptosis of activated CD4 T cells. Blockade of IFN-γ and NO could reduce the apoptosis induction. Therefore, our results demonstrated that splenic stroma-educated regulatory DC induced T cell apoptosis via FasL-enhanced T cell IFN-γ and DC NO production, thus outlining a new way for negative regulation of T cell responses and maintenance of immune homeostasis by regulatory DC and splenic stromal microenvironment.
Discovery and Characterization of Secretory IgD in Rainbow Trout: Secretory IgD Is Produced through a Novel Splicing Mechanism
Authors: Ramirez-Gomez Francisco , Greene Whitney , Rego Katherine , Hansen John D. , Costa Greg , Kataria Priti , Bromage Erin S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The gene encoding IgH δ has been found in all species of teleosts studied to date. However, catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is the only species of fish in which a secretory form of IgD has been characterized, and it occurs through the use of a dedicated δ-secretory exon, which is absent from all other species examined. Our studies have revealed that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) use a novel strategy for the generation of secreted IgD. The trout secretory δ transcript is produced via a run-on event in which the splice donor site at the end of the last constant domain exon (D7) is ignored and transcription continues until a stop codon is reached 33 nt downstream of the splice site, resulting in the production of an in-frame, 11-aa secretory tail at the end of the D7 domain. In silico analysis of several published IgD genes suggested that this unique splicing mechanism may also be used in other species of fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Alternative splicing of the secretory δ transcript resulted in two δ-H chains, which incorporated Cμ1 and variable domains. Secreted IgD was found in two heavily glycosylated isoforms, which are assembled as monomeric polypeptides associated with L chains. Secretory δ mRNA and IgD+ plasma cells were detected in all immune tissues at a lower frequency than secretory IgM. Our data demonstrate that secretory IgD is more prevalent and widespread across taxa than previously thought, and thus illustrate the potential that IgD may have a conserved role in immunity.
Role of C3a Receptors, C5a Receptors, and Complement Protein C6 Deficiency in Collagen Antibody-Induced Arthritis in Mice
Authors: Banda Nirmal K. , Hyatt Stephanie , Antonioli Alexandra H. , White Jason T. , Glogowska Magdalena , Takahashi Kazue , Merkel Tod J. , Stahl Gregory L. , Mueller-Ortiz Stacey , Wetsel Rick , Arend William P. , Holers V. Michael 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The complement system, especially the alternative pathway, plays essential roles in the induction of injury in collagen Ab-induced arthritis (CAIA) in mice. The goal of the current study was to directly compare the roles of receptors for C3a and C5a, as well as the membrane attack complex, as effector mechanisms in the pathogenesis of CAIA. Clinical disease activity in C3aR−/−, C5aR−/−, and C6-deficient (C6-def) mice was decreased by 52, 94, and 65%, respectively, as compared with wild-type mice. Decreases in histopathologic injury as well as in IgG and C3 deposition paralleled the clinical disease activity. A decrease in the percentage of synovial neutrophils was observed in C3aR−/−, C5aR−/−, and C6-def mice, and a decrease in macrophages was observed in C3aR−/− and C5aR−/−, but not in C6-def, mice. Synovial mRNA obtained by laser capture microdissection exhibited a decrease in TNF-α in C5aR−/− mice and in IL-1β in both C5aR−/− and C6-def mice, whereas C3aR−/− mice demonstrated no change in either cytokine. Our findings show that absent C3aR-, C5aR-, or membrane attack complex-initiated effector mechanisms each decrease susceptibility to CAIA, with clinical effects most pronounced in C5aR-deficient mice. Although the absence of C3aR, C5aR, or C6 led to differential deficiencies in effector mechanisms, decreased proximal joint IgG and C3 deposition was common to all three genotypes in comparison with wild-type mice. These data suggest the existence of positive-feedback amplification pathways downstream of all three effectors that promote additional IgG deposition and C3 activation in the joint.
Physical Characteristics Related to Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors: Comparison of Hispanics and Navajo, Acoma and Laguna Indians in New Mexico
Authors: Heyward Vivian H. , Harris Mary B. 
Published: December 2011

The Checkerboard Cardiovascular Curriculum (CCC) project was designed to develop a culturally-oriented educational program for reducing coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in rural American Indians and Hispanics in the state of New Mexico. Because so little information is available on children from these ethnic groups, the purposes of this paper are: 1) to describe and compare some physical characteristics of Hispanics and Navajo, Laguna and Acoma Indians which are associated with CHD risk factors; and 2) to assess the short-term effectiveness of the CCC in altering these CHD risk factors. Body weight, height, blood pressure, one mile walk/run data, and triceps, subscapula, and calf skinfold thicknesses were collected for 97 boys and 79 girls from the four ethnic groups. Results of analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for age, indicated ethnic differences for all dependent variables. The average body mass index of all Indian children exceeded the median values reported in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-II). The average sum of the triceps and subscapula skinfolds of the children from all ethnic groups failed to meet acceptable standards established by The National Children and Youth Fitness Study (NCYFS). The results of the CCC project suggest that these children are in need of health promotion and physical fitness programs that emphasize obesity and cardiovascular fitness and provide for ethnic and cultural differences.
Health Promotion in Medical Education
Authors: Jonas Steven 
Published: December 2011

A significant portion of the deaths in the United States could have been prevented or postponed using known interventions. One reason this did not occur is because medical science and medical education are disease, not health, oriented. Since physicians are at the center of the health care delivery system, their disease orientation pervades the industry. Historically, there have been calls for physicians to focus more on disease prevention; however, medical education does not teach disease prevention/health promotion. There are several reasons for this: 1) medical school faculty conceptual discordance between “certainty” of curative disease vs. the “probability” of risk factor reduction; 2) gaps in the knowledge of effective interventions; 3) the concept that health promotion/disease prevention are outside the province of physicians; 4) the significant role of biomedical research grants on medical school funding; 5) the close association of medical education and the acute care hospital; and 6) the use of rote memory/lecture based teaching methods of traditional medicine vs. the problem-based learning necessary to teach disease prevention/health promotion. Some medical schools have begun to use problem based learning and to introduce health promotion concepts. Widespread and long-lasting change requires support of the leadership in medical schools and the preventive medicine/public health community, and grant funding from state and federal sources to support research on medical education research and change.
Problems in the Evaluation of Occupational Health Promotion Programs: A Case Analysis
Authors: Smith Kenneth J. , Everly George S. 
Published: December 2011

This study investigates, in a case study setting, whether participation in the Kimberly-Clark Corporation Health and Weight Loss Program can be associated with reduced participant health care claims. A pretest, post-test comparison group research design is utilized to ascertain whether there have been any measurable health care cost savings for participants versus their non-participating matched employee counterparts. The significance of any measured differences is then tested through analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. In addition, results are reported from tests designed to assess whether any specific employee sub-populations appeared to differentially benefit from program participants in terms of reduced health care cost incurrence. Finally, tests are run to provide further assurance that those potential test subjects who were excluded from the final sample did not systematically differ from the final sample subjects. This paper also illustrates, with references to the present study, the difficulties of adapting behavioral and social science research techniques to actual occupational health promotion settings.
A Randomized Trial of Physician Training for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Lindsay Elizabeth A. , Wilson Douglas M. , Best J. Allan , Willms Dennis G. , Singer Joel , Gilbert J. Raymond , Taylor D. Wayne 
Published: December 2011

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a smoking cessation workshop on physician practices and on patients' smoking behavior. Eighty-three community family physicians were randomly allocated by practice to either 1) a Usual Care condition, 2) a group in which physicians were not trained but were asked to address smoking cessation with specific patients, or 3) a condition which included physician training as well as printed resources and in which specific patients were identified as smokers. The intervention taught to the physicians through a four hour training workshop included providing advice about stopping smoking, the setting of a date for stopping, the offer of nicotine gum, take-home materials, and the offer of follow-up visits. The intervention was described, demonstrated, and the physicians practiced with simulated patients. The outcome of the intervention was assessed in terms of physician behavior and patient smoking behavior. Exit interviews with patients demonstrated that patients of trained physicians did not differ from patients of untrained physicians on how willing they were to try to stop smoking nor on their receptiveness to nicotine gum. However, there was a small but statistically significant difference favoring the patients from the trained physician group who successfully stopped smoking.
Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV)
Authors: Dodson Aidan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe second son of Amenhotep III and his wife Tiye of the 18th Egyptian Dynasty succeeded his father initially under the name of Neferkheperure‐waenre Amenhotep (IV)‐netjerheqawaset. There has been considerable debate as to whether the succession occurred on Amenhotep III's death, or whether the two kings ruled as co‐regents for up to a dozen years. The balance of evidence currently seems to support the former option, although the younger Amenhotep may have been proclaimed heir in Year 30, on the death of his elder brother, Thutmose (Dodson 2009b; Dorman 2009).
Population balance model for drying of droplets containing aggregating nanoparticles
Authors: Bück Andreas , Peglow Mirko , Naumann Martina , Tsotsas Evangelos 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDrying of droplets containing nanoscaled particles is investigated for the first drying stage by means of a population balance model. The novelty of the model consists in the consideration of not only gas‐side heat and mass transfer, and liquid‐side diffusion, but also aggregation as a particulate process. Size‐dependency of particle mobility links liquid‐side mass transport and aggregation, leading to different particle concentration profiles in the droplet depending on the thermal conditions and aggregation kinetics. The main focus of this work lies on the influence of the aggregation kinetics on the profiles, the time of crust formation and the resulting droplet porosity at the end of the first drying stage. Model validation and justification is performed by use of experimental data from literature. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Targeting the hepcidin–ferroportin axis to develop new treatment strategies for anemia of chronic disease and anemia of inflammation
Authors: Sun Chia Chi , Vaja Valentina , Babitt Jodie L. , Lin Herbert Y. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAnemia of chronic disease (ACD) or anemia of inflammation is prevalent in patients with chronic infection, autoimmune disease, cancer, and chronic kidney disease. ACD is associated with poor prognosis and lower quality of life. Management of ACD using intravenous iron and erythropoiesis stimulating agents are ineffective for some patients and are not without adverse effects, driving the need for new alternative therapies. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of iron regulation reveal that increased hepcidin, the iron regulatory hormone, is a key factor in the development of ACD. In this review, we will summarize the role of hepcidin in iron homeostasis, its contribution to the pathophysiology of ACD, and novel strategies that modulate hepcidin and its target ferroportin for the treatment of ACD. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of external electric field on morphologies and properties of the cured epoxy and epoxy/acrylate systems
Authors: Duan Jingkuan , Zhang Jun , Jiang Pingkai 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this article, the influences of the external electric field exerted to the curing epoxy and epoxy/acrylate systems on their cured microstructures and macroscopic performances were investigated by means of morphological investigation and some characteristic analyses. Epoxy and epoxy/acrylate (an interpenetrating polymer network) systems were subjected to the action of the alternating electric field during the curing process. The changes in the nanolamellae microstructure in the cured epoxy and the nanoellipsoid microstructure in the cured epoxy/acrylate systems resulting from the electric field treatment were observed using atomic force microscopy. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the external electric field treatment made the low and high relaxation peaks shift to the lower and higher temperatures, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis implied that the curing reactions of the epoxy systems with the aid of the external electric field resulted in some negative influences on their thermal stability. The dielectric measurements demonstrated that the electrical properties of the epoxy system for vacuum pressure impregnation insulation of the high‐voltage electric machines could be much improved with the aid of the external electric field. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A study about the structure of vulcanized natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber blends and the glass transition behavior
Authors: Mansilla M. A. , Silva L. , Salgueiro W. , Marzocca A. J. , Somoza A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA study of the thermal behavior of cured elastomeric blends of natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) prepared by solution blending in toluene is presented. Binary blends with different compositions of NR/SBR were produced using a conventional cure system based on sulfur and TBBS (n‐t‐butyl‐2‐benzothiazole sulfonamide as accelerator. The compounds were vulcanized at 433 K up to an optimum time of cure determined by rheometric tests. From swelling tests, the crosslink densities of the compounds were obtained and compared with those obtained in similar blends prepared by mechanical mixing. The results were analyzed in terms of the disentangling of the chain structures of the SBR and NR phases and the achieved cure state of the blend. Using differential scanning calorimetry, the glass transition temperature Tg of each blend was measured. In most compounds, the value of Tg corresponding to each phase of the blend was determined, but in some blends a single value of Tg was obtained. The variation of Tg with the composition and cure level in each phase was analyzed. On the other hand, a physical mixture of two equal parts of NR and SBR vulcanized was measured and the results were compared to those of the NR50/SBR50 cured blend. Besides, to analyze the influence of the network structure, pure NR and SBR unvulcanized samples were measured. On the basis of all the obtained results, the influence of the interphase formed in the blend between SBR and NR phases is discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012