bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Magnetic Properties of BiFe0.75Mn0.25O3 Perovskite Prepared at Ambient and High Pressure.
Authors: Belik Alexei A. , Abakumov Artem M. , Tsirlin Alexander A. , Hadermann Joke , Kim Jungeun , Van Tandeloo Gustaaf , Takayama‐Muromachi Eiji 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBiFe1‐xMnxO3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) solid solutions are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of Bi2O3, Fe2O3, and Mn2O3 at 1143 K for 2 h (ambient pressure samples), and at 6 GPa and 1400 K for 90 min (high pressure samples).
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Zincophosphates, (H3NCH2CH2NH3)2 [Zn(μ‐PO4)2] and (NH4)[(H3N)Zn{(μ‐PO4)Zn}3]: Crystal Structures and Relationships to Similar Open Framework Zinco‐ and Aluminophosphates.
Authors: Karanovic Ljiljana , Poleti Dejan , Dordevic Tamara , Sutovic Sabina 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe crystal structures of (II) and (III) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Rare‐Earth Zinc Arsenides LnZn1‐xAs2 (Ln: La—Nd, Sm).
Authors: Stoyko Stanislav S. , Mar Arthur 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared from the elements (800 °C, 336 h) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity measurements, and TB‐LMTO band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Magnetic Study of RFe0.5V0.5O3 (R: Y, Eu, Nd, La) Perovskite Compounds.
Authors: Gateshki M. , Suescun L. , Kolesnik S. , Mais J. , Dabrowski B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe new title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions of Y2O3, Eu2O3, Nd2O3, La2O3, Fe2O3, and V2O3 (argon, 1623 K, several 12 h periods).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Organically‐Templated Cobalt Borophosphate with a Novel Borophosphatic Anionic Partial Structure.
Authors: Liu Wei , Guo Xiang‐Qin , Su Ge , Cao Li‐Xin , Wang Yong‐Gang , Duan Jing‐Rui 
Published: December 2011

Abstract(NH4)2(C4H12N2) [Co2B4P6O14(OH)2] ·H2O is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of CoO, NH4HB4O7, piperazine, H3PO4, and H2O (autoclave, 473 K, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Phenyl‐4‐bis(methylthio)methyleneoxazol‐5‐one: Versatile Template for Diversity Oriented Synthesis of Heterocycles.
Authors: Amareshwar Vijayalaxmi , Mishra Nimesh C. , Ila Hiriyakkanavar 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDepending on the reaction conditions different types of heterocycles, e.g. (IV), (V), (VIII), (IX), and (XIII) are obtained from the title compound (I).
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Oxidation of Unactivated Methylene C—H Using DIB/TBHP Protocol.
Authors: Zhao Yi , Yim Wai‐Leung , Tan Chong Kiat , Yeung Ying‐Yeung 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUnder these conditions simple, efficient, and regioselective synthesis of various keto esters and keto amides is possible.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Linked Poly(4‐vinylpyridine/styrene) Copolymer‐Supported Bismuth(III) Triflate: An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Silylation of Alcohols and Phenols with HMDS.
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hyeup , Kadam Santosh T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractVarious alcohols and phenols effectively undergo trimethylsilylation with hexamethyldisilazane (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Conversion of Acetals to Esters with High Regioselectivity via O,P‐Acetals.
Authors: Maegawa Tomohiro , Otake Kazuki , Goto Akihiro , Fujioka Hiromichi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIf the reaction is conducted with Tms‐O‐Tf instead of Tes‐O‐Tf the regioselectivity decreases.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy β‐Amino Acid Derivatives: Lewis Base Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of α‐Acetoxy β‐Enamino Esters.
Authors: Jiang Yan , Chen Xing , Zheng Yongsheng , Xue Zhouyang , Shu Chang , Yuan Weicheng , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA set of novel Lewis base catalysts is prepared from readily available chiral sources and applied to catalytic asymmetric hydrosilylation.
ChemInform Abstract: New Preparation of (Z)‐1‐Phenyl‐3‐cyano‐2‐propen‐1‐ones.
Authors: Trabulsi Houssam , Rousseau Gerard 
Published: December 2011

AbstractReactions of γ‐phenyl‐β,γ‐unsaturated hydroxamates with Br(collidine)2PF6 result in the formation of cyclic bromoimidates [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Di‐ and Terphenyls by Site‐Selective Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of 1,4‐Dibromo‐2‐trifluoromethyl‐benzene.
Authors: Ullah Ihsan , Nawaz Muhammad , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe Suzuki—Miyaura coupling of dibromobenzene (I) proceeds with high regioselectivity to allow the synthesis of various di‐ and terphenyls.
ChemInform Abstract: H3PW12O40 Supported on Silica‐Encapsulated γ‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticles: A Novel Magnetically‐Recoverable Catalyst for Three‐Component Mannich‐Type Reactions in Water.
Authors: Rafiee Ezzat , Eavani Sara 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe separation of the catalyst is achieved by magnetism.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Alkylation of Indoles and Amines by tert‐Enamides: Facile Access to Pharmaceutically Active 2‐Oxo‐1‐pyrrolidine Analogues.
Authors: Jiang Ran Jiang , Xu Hai‐Yan , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Chu Xue‐Qiang , Ji Shun‐Jun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe reaction which is conducted under‐solvent free conditions leads to Markovnikov addition products.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Evaluation of Novel 3‐Substituted‐N‐aryl‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐3a,4‐dihydro‐3H‐indeno [1,2‐c]pyrazole‐2‐carboxamide Analogues.
Authors: Ahsan Mohamed Jawed , Samy Jeyabalan Govinda , Dutt Kunduri Rajeswar , Agrawal Uttam K. , Yadav Bhawani Shankar , Vyas Swati , Kaur Ravinder , Yadav Garima 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAll the newly synthesized title compounds exhibit moderate to high inhibitory activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and INH resistant M.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Trienamine Catalysis for the Construction of Structurally Rigid Cyclic α,α‐Disubstituted Amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Jiang Hao , Gschwend Bjoern , Albrecht Lukasz , Hansen Signe Grann , Joergensen Karl Anker 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the presence of a secondary amine catalyst, 2,4‐dienals undergo highly regio‐ and stereoselective Diels—Alder reactions with olefinic azlactones.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Transformation of Cyano Oxiranes into Furo[3,2‐c]isothiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Bardasov Ivan N. , Golubev Roman V. , Ershov Oleg V. , Kayukov Yakov S. , Nasakin Oleg E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPolyfunctionalized target compounds of pharmaceutical interest are easily available.
ChemInform Abstract: TFP as a Ligand in Au(I)‐Catalyzed Dihydropyran Synthesis. Unprecedented Rearrangement of Dihydropyrans into Cyclopentenones.
Authors: Matousova Eliska , Ruzicka Ales , Kunes Jiri , Kralova Jarmila , Pour Milan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe cyclization of the easily accessible compounds (I) to the dihydropyrans (III) which undergo an acid catalyzed unprecedented rearrangement to the compounds (IV)‐(VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Hexahydroquinolin‐4‐ones Using a Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Amination and Intramolecular Mannich Reaction: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐epi‐cis‐195A.
Authors: Kakugawa Kazumi , Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Kohno Yuta , Hamada Yasumasa 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe novel method starts with the asymmetric allylic amination of diester (I) using a Pd/DIAPHOX catalyst system and a diastereoselective intramolecular Mannich reaction of ketoester (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Methylene‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]thiazines via a Tandem Reaction of 1‐(2‐Alkynylphenyl)ketoximes with Lawesson′s Reagent.
Authors: Qiu Guanyinsheng , Hu Yi , Ding Qiuping , Peng Yiyuan , Hu Xiangzheng , Wu Jie 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe title tandem reaction proceeds with high efficiency via Beckmann rearrangement, thioamide formation, and subsequent intramolecular cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Preparation of 3‐Substituted 6‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐9‐methyl‐12H‐[1]benzofuro[3,2‐e][1,2,4]triazolo [4,3,b][1,2]diazepines via a Silylation—Amination Reaction.
Authors: Eresko Alexander , Tolkunov Valerij , Tolkunov Sergej 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTwo methods are given for the synthesis of title compounds of type (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Glycals with Activated Alkenes.
Authors: Bai Yaguang , Zeng Jing , Cai Shuting , Liu Xue‐Wei 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe procedure provides an efficient access to 2‐alkenylated glycals as exclusive (E) isomers and subunits of various pyran‐containing natural substances.
Phase 2 trial of “Sandwich” L‐asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Jiang Ming , Zhang Hong , Jiang Yu , Yang Qunpei , Xie Li , Liu Weiping , Zhang Wenyan , Ji Xiaohui , Li Ping , Chen Nianyong , Zhao Sha , Wang Feng , Zou Liqun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal‐type, is a distinct entity of lymphoid tissue. ENKTL is sensitive to radiotherapy (RT), but the prognosis is poorer than for other types of early lymphoma. The treatment schedule is controversial.METHODS:A phase 2 study was conducted of “sandwich” protocols, with earlier RT after an initial 2 to 3 cycles of LVP (L‐asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone), followed by further “consolidation” cycles. Patients aged 18 years and older who had previously untreated ENKTL and localized lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract were enrolled. The primary endpoints were objective response rate and complete remission rate. The secondary endpoints were 2‐year overall survival, 2‐year progression‐free survival, and toxicity. This study is registered with www.Chictr.org, number ChicTR‐TNC‐00000394, and is ongoing for long‐term follow‐up.RESULTS:Twenty‐six patients completed total therapy, which resulted in 88.5% response that included 21 patients (80.8%) with complete response (CR) and 2 patients (7.7%) with partial response. Three (11.5%) of 26 patients progressed during therapy. With a median follow‐up of 27 months (range, 4‐35 months), the 2‐year overall survival was 88.5%, and the 2‐year progression‐free survival was 80.6%. Patients with CR had better prognosis than patients without CR. Only 2 patients (7.7%) experienced grade 3 leukocytopenia. No grade 4 toxicity or treatment‐related deaths were observed.CONCLUSIONS:The research showed that the “sandwich” protocol of LVP combined with RT was a safe and effective treatment for localized nasal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, and the results warrant further investigation into this protocol. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Kv7.5 is the primary Kv7 subunit expressed in C‐fibers
Authors: King Chih H. , Scherer Steven S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractKv7 (KCNQ) potassium channel openers (enhancers) decrease neuropathic pain in experimental models. Here we show that C‐fibers, and their associated small‐diameter neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (both IB4‐ and TrkA‐positive), expressed Kv7.5. In contrast, C‐fibers did not express detectable levels of Kv7.2 or Kv7.3, which are instead localized to nodes of Ranvier and the cell bodies of large sensory neurons. These data suggest that Kv7.5 provides the primary M current in nociceptive neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1940–1950, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regularity of renormalized solutions in the Boltzmann equation with long‐range interactions
Authors: Arsénio Diogo , Masmoudi Nader 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIt is well‐established that renormalized solutions of the Boltzmann equation enjoy some kind of regularity, or at least compactness, in the velocity variable when the angular collision kernel is nonintegrable. However, obtaining explicit estimates in convenient and natural functional settings proves rather difficult. In this work, we derive a velocity smoothness estimate from the a priori control of the renormalized dissipation. As a direct consequence of our result, we show that, in the presence of long‐range interactions, any renormalized solution F(t, x, v) to the Boltzmann equation satisfies locally
${\textstyle{F \over {1 + F}}} \in W_{t,x,v}^{s,p}$
for every $1 \le p \le {\textstyle{D \over {D - 1}}}$
and for some s > 0 depending on p. We also provide an application of this new estimate to the hydrodynamic limit of the Boltzmann equation without cutoff. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sol‐gel synthesis of electrospun BaO/MnO nanocomposite fibers and their magnetic characterization
Authors: Vijayakumar G. Nixon Samuel , Rathnakumari M. , Sureshkumar P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new approach, combining in‐situ sol‐gel process with electrospinning, was used to prepare magnetic barium acetate/manganese acetate/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite nanofibers. The composite gel was synthesized by sol‐gel method in the presence of 10 wt.% PVA aqueous solution. PVA was used as stabilizer and polymeric matrix. The resultant barium acetate/manganese acetate/PVA composite nanofibers were calcined at 1023 K for 5 h. This formed BaO/MnO nanocomposite crystalline fibers with average diameter less than 100 nm and were characterized with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray Analysis (EDAX), powder X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), UV‐Vis‐Spectroscopy (UV) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) respectively. These composite fibers exhibited a uniform cylindrical morphology, with the BaO/MnO nanoparticles implanted in the fibers. M‐H curves were obtained at 300 K and 20 K. From the M‐H curves, room temperature ferromagnetism was observed at 300 K. At low temperatures, the ferromagnetic behavior was masked by the paramagnetic behavior. The saturation magnetization at 300 K was found to be 0.004 emu /g and the saturation magnetization at 20 K was found to be 0.658 emu /g. The magnetization at 20 K was found to be very large and it was several times larger than at 300 K. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Three‐Dimensional Interdigitated Electrode Array as a Tool for Surface Reactions Registration
Authors: Bratov Andrey , Abramova Natalia , Marco M. Pilar , Sanchez‐Baeza Francisco 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPossible applications of a new transducer based on a three dimensional interdigitated electrode array (3D‐IDEA) with electrode digits separated by an insulating barrier are discussed. Due to the presence of insulating barriers that separate the adjacent digits of the electrodes the main portion of the probing electrical current goes close to the surface of the barrier. Chemical modification of the barrier surface with the probe molecules permits to realise direct detection of subsequent target analytes in solution. The functional mechanism of the device is based on registration of changes in conductivity at the surface of the barrier provoked by electrical charge redistribution caused by surface chemical reactions. Three‐dimensional sensor shows considerable improvement in sensitivity compared with a standard planar IDEA design sensors. The potential of the developed device as a sensor transducer to detect various chemical and bio chemical reactions is demonstrated. Examples include enzyme immobilisation, polyelectrolytes layer‐by‐layer deposition, covalent chemical modification with molecules containing reactive thiol groups.
Recycling of tunnel spoil – laws affecting waste from mining and tunnelling / Wiederverwertung von Tunnelausbruchmaterial – Abfallrecht im Berg‐ und Tunnelbau
Authors: Entacher Martin , Resch Daniel , Reichel Paul , Galler Robert 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTunnel spoil material is categorised for the purpose of the laws regulating waste disposal as “excavated materials”, which represents the largest waste stream by quantity in Austria. The goal of avoiding waste has become more important with the implementation of the Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC at the end of 2010. Recycling of material excavated from tunnels is thus more than ever an important issue. This article explains the opportunities and hindrances posed by waste law in Austria and describes some possible future developments, potential synergies and offers a legal comparison with the primary raw materials industry. It appears that the legal framework is not completely satisfactory and there is also a need for further technical guidelines.Tunnelausbruchmaterial gehört abfallrechtlich zur Kategorie des “Aushubmaterials”, welches den mengenmäßig größten Abfallstrom in Österreich darstellt. Das Ziel der Abfallvermeidung hat durch die Umsetzung der Abfallrahmenrichtlinie 2008/98/EG Ende 2010 weiter an Gewicht gewonnen, Wiederverwendung von Tunnelausbruchmaterial ist somit aktueller denn je. Der vorliegende Artikel beleuchtet die Chancen und Hindernisse, die das Abfallrecht in Österreich dafür bietet und zeigt mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen auf. Dabei werden potenzielle Synergien und ein rechtlicher Vergleich mit der Primärrohstoffindustrie dargestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen noch nicht ganz zufriedenstellend sind und auch der Bedarf nach technischen Regelwerken besteht.
Nitrate attenuation in soil and shallow groundwater under a bottomland hedgerow in a European farming landscape
Authors: Grimaldi C. , Fossey M. , Thomas Z. , Fauvel Y. , Merot P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn many agricultural areas, hedgerows give rise to strong expectations of reducing the inputs of excess nitrate to the groundwater and rivers. This study aims to analyse the spatial and seasonal influences of a hedgerow on nitrate dynamics in the soil and groundwater. Nitrate (NO3−) and chloride (Cl−) concentrations were measured with spatially dense sampling in the unsaturated soil and in the groundwater along a transect intersecting a bottomland oak (Quercus rubor) hedgerow after the growing season and during the dormant season. We explain NO3− dynamics by using Cl− as an index of tree‐root extension and water transfer. At the end of the growing season, NO3− is entirely absorbed by the trees over a large and deep volume corresponding to the rooting zone, where, in contrast Cl− is highly concentrated due to root exclusion. However, these observed patterns in the soil have no influence on the deep groundwater composition at this season. During the dormant season, water transfer processes feeding the shallow groundwater layer are different upslope and downslope from the hedgerow in relation to the thickness of the unsaturated zone. Upslope, the shallow groundwater is fed by rainwater infiltration through the soil which favours Cl− dilution. Right under the hedge and downslope, the rapid ascent of the groundwater near the ground surface prevents rainwater input and Cl− dilution. Under the hedgerow the highest concentrations of Cl− coincide with the absence of NO3− in the shallow groundwater layer and with high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon. The absence of NO3− during the dormant season seems to be due to denitrification in the hedgerow rooting zone when it is rapidly saturated by groundwater. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids and colorectal cancer risk in the United Kingdom Dietary Cohort Consortium
Authors: Key Timothy J. , Appleby Paul N. , Masset Gabriel , Brunner Eric J. , Cade Janet E. , Greenwood Darren C. , Stephen Alison M. , Kuh Diana , Bhaniani Amit , Powell Natasha , Khaw Kay‐Tee 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe risk for colorectal cancer may be influenced by the dietary intake of various vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids. We conducted a pooled analysis of dietary data collected using food diaries in seven prospective studies in the United Kingdom Dietary Cohort Consortium. Five hundred sixty‐five cases of colorectal cancer were matched with 1,951 controls on study centre, age, sex and recruitment date. Dietary intakes of retinol, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, n − 6 fatty acids, n − 3 fatty acids and the ratio of n − 6 to n − 3 fatty acids were estimated and their associations with colorectal cancer examined using conditional logistic regression models, adjusting for exact age, height, weight, energy intake, alcohol intake, fiber intake, smoking, education, social class and physical activity. There were no statistically significant associations between colorectal cancer risk and dietary intake of any of the vitamins, minerals or essential fatty acids examined.
INTEGRATED IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE PRACTICES TO ENHANCE WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND REDUCE POLLUTION IN A RICE PRODUCTION SYSTEM
Authors: Peng Shizhang , Luo Yufeng , Xu Junzeng , Khan Shahbaz , Jiao Xiyun , Wang Weiguang 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTWater‐saving irrigation and controlled drainage have been separately practised in many countries to increase water use efficiency and reduce non‐point source pollution while maintaining crop yields. In a two‐year field experiment in the Gaoyou Irrigation District of South China, water use, crop yield, and pollution loads were monitored in an integrated water‐saving irrigation and controlled drainage (WSI‐CD) system and an unregulated system. For both 2007 and 2008, irrigation water productivity (WPI) and gross water productivity (WPG) of the WSI‐CD were 45.3 and 31.6% higher than those of the unregulated system. While evapotranspiration water productivity (WPET) of the WSI‐CD was similar to or even less than that of the unregulated system, this indicated that a reduction in irrigation water did not cause water stress and the WSI‐CD only reduced non‐productive water use. In 2008, the amount of drainage water from WSI‐CD (1956 m3 ha‐1) was far less than the unregulated system (4255 m3 ha‐1), and TN and TP loads were significantly reduced by 50.9 and 52.3%.The water‐saving irrigation practice contributed to lower drainage potential, while the controlled drainage reduced irrigation requirements. The integrated WSI‐CD practices seemed to have the desirable functions of water saving and pollutant reduction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adverse events from calcium supplementation: Relationship to errors in myocardial infarction self-reporting in randomized controlled trials of calcium supplementation
Authors: Lewis Joshua R , Zhu Kun , Prince Richard L 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The clinical effects of calcium supplements on adverse events reporting have not been well described. This study reviews randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence of adverse events to clarify the epidemiology of these events. The hypothesis that patient self-report of myocardial infarction (MI) is increased in individuals receiving calcium supplementation is because of an increase in non-MI events incorrectly perceived by the patient as being because of MI, is examined. In seven RCTs summary self-reported gastrointestinal (GI) adverse event rates were more common in participants receiving calcium. These were described as constipation, excessive abdominal cramping, bloating, upper GI events, GI disease, GI symptoms, and severe diarrhoea or abdominal pain (calcium 14.1%, placebo 10.0%), relative risk (RR) 1.43 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28 to 1.59, p &lt; 0.001. Adjudicated functional GI hospitalizations in one study were calcium 6.8%, placebo 3.6% (RR 1.92, 95% CI 1.21–3.05, p = 0.006). Direct comparison of self-reported and adjudicated MI events in the two trials of dietary calcium supplementation showed self-reported MI rates of 3.6% in the calcium group and 2.1% in the placebo group. After adjudication the MI rates were 2.4% in the calcium group and 1.6% in the placebo group (RR 1.45, 95% CI 0.88–2.45, p = 0.145). These data support the hypothesis that calcium tablets increase the incidence of adverse GI events, which may account for an increase in self-reported MI in calcium treated patients but not controls. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research