bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Definably connected nonconnected sets
Authors: Fornasiero Antongiulio 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe give an example of a structure \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathcal R$\end{document} on the real line, and a manifold M definable in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathcal {R}$\end{document}, such that M is definably connected but is not connected.
Quantified universes and ultraproducts
Authors: Mofidi Alireza , Bagheri Seyed‐Mohammad 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA quantified universe is a set M equipped with a Riesz space \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathcal {A}_n$\end{document} of real functions on Mn, for each n, and a second order operation \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$I:\mathcal {A}\rightarrow \mathbb R$\end{document}. Metric structures 4, graded probability structures 9 and many other structures in analysis are examples of such universes. We define ultraproduct of quantified universes and study properties preserved by this construction. We then discuss logics defined on the basis of classes of quantified universes which are closed under this construction.
Biological and prognostic associations of miR‐205 and let‐7b in breast cancer revealed by in situ hybridization analysis of micro‐RNA expression in arrays of archival tumour tissue
Authors: Quesne John Le , Jones Julia , Warren Joanna , Dawson Sarah‐Jane , Ali H Raza , Bardwell Helen , Blows Fiona , Pharoah Paul , Caldas Carlos 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMicro‐RNAs (miRNAs) are frequently dysregulated in a range of human malignancies, many have been shown to act either as tumour supressors or oncogenes and several have been implicated in breast cancer. However, breast cancer is a diverse disease and little is known about the relationships between miRNA expression, clinical outcome and tumour subtype. We used locked nucleic acid probe in situ hybridization (LNA‐ISH) to visualize, in tissue micro‐arrays (TMAs) of 2919 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) archival breast tumours, the expression of two key miRNAs that are frequently lost in a range of solid malignancies, let‐7b and miR‐205. These miRNAs were also quantified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR in cores of FFPE tissue from 40 of these cases, demonstrating that LNA‐ISH is semi‐quantitative. The tumours in the TMAs were assigned to subtypes based on their immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6 and EGFR. let‐7b expression was shown to be associated with luminal tumours and to have an independent significant positive prognostic value in this group. miR‐205 is associated with tumours of ductal morphology and is of significant positive prognostic value within these tumours. We propose that the expression of miR‐205 may contribute to ductal tumour morphology. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of novel blue‐light‐emitting polypyridine
Authors: Nanashima Yutaka , Yokoyama Akihiro , Yokozawa Tsutomu 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new regioregular head‐to‐tail (HT)‐type polypyridine with methoxyethoxyethoxy (MEEO) side chains, HT‐PMEEOPy, was synthesized by means of Kumada‐Tamao coupling polymerization of a Grignard monomer with a Ni catalyst. Although the polymer was precipitated in THF during polymerization, multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) analysis indicated that the weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) was about 25,000. The HT content in the polymer was 95%. A solution of HT‐PMEEOPy in CHCl3 was found to emit a strong blue light when the solution was irradiated with UV light; the UV‐vis absorption maximum (λmax) and photoluminescence maximum (λmax em) were at 392 and 460 nm, respectively. To clarify the effect of regioregularity of PMEEOPy on the photoluminescence, head‐to‐head (HH) PMEEOPy was synthesized by means of Yamamoto coupling polymerization. The photoluminescence of HH‐PMEEOPy (λmax = 330 nm, λmax em = 414 nm) was weaker than that of HT‐PMEEOPy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Conductive networked polymer gel electrolytes composed of poly(meth)acrylate, lithium salt, and ionic liquid
Authors: Matsumoto Kozo , Sogabe Shota , Endo Takeshi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSelf‐standing films of (meth)acrylate‐based polymer gel electrolytes with high ionic liquid content (80 wt %) were prepared by in situ thermally or photo induced radical copolymerization of mono‐functional and di‐functional (meth)acrylates in an ionic liquid in the presence/absence of a lithium salt. Their ionic conductivity, thermal property, mechanical property, and flammability were examined. 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMImTFSI) or 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (EMImFSI) was used as the ionic liquid, and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide LiTFSI was used as the lithium salt. The obtained films were semitransparent and flexible with good to moderate thermal stability and mechanical strength with high ionic conductivity. The EMImFSI‐containing gel electrolytes showed higher ionic conductivity than the corresponding EMImTFSI‐containing gel electrolytes. The ionic conductivity in the acrylate‐based gel electrolytes was slightly increased by addition of lithium salt, while that in the corresponding methacrylate‐based electrolytes was decreased significantly. The flame test showed the ionic liquid containing networked polymer gel electrolytes to have low if any flammability and was therefore confirmed to be highly safe. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis of ladder‐like polynorbornenes with n‐type perylenendiimide derivatives as bridges
Authors: Fu Wenxin , He Chang , Li Zhibo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPolymerizable tetrachloro‐perylenediimdes containing endo/exo‐norbornene groups on both imide sides were designed and synthesized. Endo/Exo‐type soluble ladder‐like polynorbornenes with perylenediimide (PDI) as bridges were prepared by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). XRD characterizations showed that the ladder‐like polynorbornenes had ordered structures similar to the supramolecular precursors assembled from the corresponding monomers. TGA measurements demonstrated great thermal stabilities for the both target P1‐Endo and P2‐Exo with Td of about 320 °C at 5 wt % loss, respectively, which is important for further application in devices. Both polymers have good solubility in common organic solvents and easy to form thin films. Photophysical studies and cyclic voltammetry investigations reveal that polynorbornene films have wide‐range absorption from 400 nm to 600 nm and the HOMO/LUMO energy levels could be matched well with the donor‐PCzTh‐TVDCN. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Adherence to the 2007 cystic fibrosis pulmonary guidelines: A national survey of CF care centers
Authors: Glauser T.A. , Nevins P.H. , Williamson J.C. , Abdolrasulnia M. , Salinas G.D. , Zhang J. , Debonnett L. , Riekert K.A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine cystic fibrosis (CF) physician adherence to the 2007 CF Foundation (CFF) Pulmonary Guidelines for Chronic Medications. Specifically adherence and barriers to prescribing level A medication recommendations (i.e., inhaled tobramycin and dornase alfa) and level B medication recommendations (i.e., macrolide antibiotics and hypertonic saline) were studied.MethodsDuring Spring 2010, the CFF emailed survey invitations to directors of 136 accredited CF care centers treating 50+ CF patients. Directors were asked to forward the invitations to their physician colleagues. One hundred thirty‐three surveys were included in the analyses, representing 92 centers. Barriers were conceptualized based on Cabana et al.'s framework for adherence to guidelines. Adherence was assessed via a case vignette.ResultsLogistic regression analysis revealed that higher outcome expectancy (OR = 1.099, CI 1.010–1.196) and fewer environmental/system barriers (OR = 1.484, CI 1.158–1.902) were significantly associated with Vignette Adherence. A trend for an association between Familiarity and Vignette Adherence (OR = 1.642, CI 0.953–2.828) was evident, while no demographic variables were significantly associated with Vignette Adherence.ConclusionTargeting outcome expectancy and external barriers with multifaceted, ongoing interventions may improve guideline adherence. Pulmonologists are clearly looking for empirical evidence that these medications benefit their patients over the long‐term and offset patient treatment burden with improved health. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:434–440. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiupdate mode quantum evolutionary algorithm and its applications to combination and permutation problems
Authors: Wei Xin , Fujimura Shigeru 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBased on the concept and principles of quantum computing, this paper proposes a new evolutionary algorithm called multiupdate mode quantum evolutionary algorithm (MMQEA). MMQEA, like the other classic evolutionary algorithms, is also characterized by the representation of the individual evaluation function and the population dynamics; however, instead of binary, numeric, or symbolic representation, MMQEA uses two interactional q‐bit strings as an individual. Update modes are introduced as a variational operation that evolves the individuals to make a better solution. The proposed individual structure and update modes are inspired by quantum entanglement. Update modes perform as reproducing the states of a pair of q‐bit strings of individual simultaneously. For guiding the individual evolution to maintain the population diversity and avoid prematurity, each q‐bit string of individual provides its evolutionary history information to another. To demonstrate its effectiveness and applicability, the proposed algorithm was tested on two famous combinatorial optimization problems, namely, the knapsack problem and flow shop problem. The results show that MMQEA performs very well compared to quantum evolutionary algorithm (QEA) and the conventional genetic algorithm. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Climate ethics and population policy
Authors: Cafaro Philip 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAccording to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, human population growth is one of the two primary causes of increased greenhouse gas emissions and accelerating global climate change. Slowing or ending population growth could be a cost effective, environmentally advantageous means to mitigate climate change, providing important benefits to both human and natural communities. Yet population policy has attracted relatively little attention from ethicists, policy analysts, or policy makers dealing with this issue. In part, this is because addressing population matters means wading into a host of contentious ethical issues, including family planning, abortion, and immigration. This article reviews the scientific literature regarding voluntary population control's potential contribution to climate change mitigation. It considers possible reasons for the failure of climate ethicists, analysts, and policy makers to adequately assess that contribution or implement policies that take advantage of it, with particular reference to the resistance to accepting limits to growth. It explores some of the ethical issues at stake, considering arguments for and against noncoercive population control and asking whether coercive population policies are ever morally justified. It also argues that three consensus positions in the climate ethics literature regarding acceptable levels of risk, unacceptable harms, and a putative right to economic development, necessarily imply support for voluntary population control.WIREs Clim Change2012, 3:45–61. doi: 10.1002/wcc.153This article is categorized under:Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Global Justice
First Report of Tomato infectious chlorosis virus on Tomato in Bulgaria
Authors: Pasev Gancho , Radeva Vesela , Kostova Dimitrina 
Published: January 2012

AbstractVirus‐like chlorotic symptoms were observed on tomato plants, cv. Velocity, grown in a greenhouse, region of Plovdiv. Samples collected from the leaves with interveinal yellowing and with initial interveinal chlorosis were tested for virus presence. Only the samples collected from the upper leaves with slight interveinal chlorosis were positive for Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) in indirect ELISA. Further, RT‐PCR analysis with specific primers for Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) heat shock protein 70, for TICV heat shock protein 70 and for TICV minor capsid protein was positive for TICV in all tested samples. No signals were obtained with primers for ToCV. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Bulgarian sequence of Hsp70 and a sequence of Greek isolate clustered together having the highest resampling score. Regarding CPm, the Bulgarian isolate was more relevant to the French isolate. The obtained results from phylogenetic analysis supported the idea of a close relationship between the Bulgarian and Greek isolates.
2010 Working Bibliography of Teaching and Learning Publications and Presentations related to the Work of the Wabash Center by Wabash Center Participants and Grant Recipients
Authors: Arthur Rita J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis bibliography lists articles and books on teaching produced by workshop participants and grant recipients of the Wabash Center. It updates a similar list produced in 2007 and published in volume 10 number 3 of this journal.
Looking for a Fair Country: Features and Determinants of Immigrants’ Involvement in Crime in Europe
Authors: Solivetti Luigi M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA rise in crime among immigrants allegedly occurred in Europe over the last decades. The origin of this phenomenon is obscure, and traditional theories offer conflicting explanations. The present article addresses these problems by using data regarding the 18 main countries in Western Europe. The results show that the immigrant share in crime figures varies greatly from country to country. This suggests that the non‐national contribution to crime is not associated with immigration per se, but with the contexts in which immigration occurs and features of the immigration inflow. The cross‐national analysis shows, in particular, that ‘culture, respect for rights and universalism’ in the host countries are associated with lower immigrant crime.
Courting Compassion: Victims, Policy, and the Question of Justice
Authors: Walklate Sandra 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article reviews the relative success and failure of ‘rebalancing’ the criminal justice system with the victim in mind. It suggests a number of reasons for the partial impact of this agenda and considers the extent to which the recourse to compassion in political and policy rhetoric reflects a deeply‐embedded conceptual failure in respect of victim‐oriented policy.
Global and endemic Asian lineages of the emerging pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis widely infect amphibians in China
Authors: Bai Changming , Liu Xuan , Fisher Matthew C. , Garner Trenton W. J. , Li Yiming 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim  Panzootic chytridiomycosis caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is the proximate cause of rapid amphibian declines across diverse biomes. While the origin of Bd remains unclear, increasingly the global trade in amphibians is associated with the spread of the infection. Global samples of Bd genotypes from previously unsampled regions are essential to test this hypothesis. In this paper, we present a study of the prevalence and phylogeny of Bd in both invasive and native amphibian species in markets and in the wild in ten provinces of China.Location  China.Method  We used a nested PCR assay to amplify the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region of Bd followed by sequencing.Result  Our results showed 246 of 2734 amphibians testing positive for Bd, with 157 positive samples in the wild (7.6%) and 89 in markets (13.5%). 30 haplotypes of Bd were identified, including 20 first detections. Introduced Lithobates catesbeianus had the highest prevalence of infection and the largest number of Bd haplotypes in both the wild and markets. Phylogenetic analysis based on 73 haplotypes (57 from Asia and 16 from other continents) showed that a unique, well‐supported, basal haplotype is present in Asia. Phylogeographical analyses revealed that some geographical structure exists amongst a subset of global haplotypes.Main conclusions  Strains of the basal haplotype infected Babina pleuraden, an amphibian that is endemic to China, and Andrias japonicus, endemic to Japan, showing that Southeast Asia harbours a novel endemic lineage of amphibian‐associated Bd. Our data suggest that Bd in Asia pre‐dates the expansion of a globalized lineage of Bd, a finding that is indicative of a broader association of amphibians and chytrids than has previously been recognized. More genetic data from Bd isolates are needed to reveal the phylogenetic relationship of Bd in China compared to that found elsewhere.
Bridging research and practice: relational interventions for maltreated children
Authors: Toth Sheree L. , Gravener Julie 
Published: January 2012

Background:  Research has consistently demonstrated the deleterious consequences of child maltreatment, not only during childhood but also across the life course. In particular, maltreatment negatively affects child attachment, with high percentages of maltreated children developing insecure or disorganized attachments with their primary caregiver. Therefore, interventions informed by attachment theory are important to prevent enduring relational difficulties.Scope:  One such intervention, Child–Parent Psychotherapy, has been shown to be efficacious in a number of randomized controlled trials. This article provides an overview of the evidence base for this intervention and the translation of this research into practice, particularly in community settings.Conclusion:  Increasingly, it is imperative that such evidence‐based models of intervention be translated into community settings so that the most vulnerable children and families can benefit from them.
In vitro expansion and functional recovery of mature hepatocytes from mouse adult liver
Authors: Ito Hidenori , Kamiya Akihide , Ito Keiichi , Yanagida Ayaka , Okada Ken , Nakauchi Hiromitsu 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundMature hepatocytes retain the ability to regenerate the liver lobule fully in vivo following injury. Several cytokines and soluble factors (hepatocyte growth factors, epidermal growth factors, insulin and nicotinamide) are known to be important for proliferation of mature hepatocytes in vitro. However, hepatocytes monolayer‐cultured on extracellular matrices have gradually lost their specific functions, particularly those in drug metabolism.AimWe have explored and established a new culture system for expansion of functional hepatocytes.MethodsWe evaluated two approaches for efficient expansion of mature hepatocytes: (i) Co‐culture with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF); (ii) Addition to culture of inhibitors of cell signals involved in liver regeneration. After expansion steps, 3‐dimensional spheroid‐forming culture was used to re‐induce mature hepatocellular function.ResultsThe addition of inhibitors for tumour growth factor (TGF) β and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β efficiently induced in vitro expansion of mature hepatocytes. Although expression of hepatocellular functional genes decreased after expansion in monolayer culture, their expression and the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes significantly increased with spheroid formation. Furthermore, when hepatocytes were co‐cultured with MEF, addition of a MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor at the spheroid formation step enhanced drug‐metabolism‐related gene expression.ConclusionCombination of the MEF co‐culture system with the addition of inhibitors of TGFβ and GSK3β induced in vitro expansion of hepatocytes. Moreover, expression of mature hepatocellular genes and the activity of drug‐metabolism enzymes in expanded hepatocytes were re‐induced after spheroid culture.
A Comparison between Sequential Therapy and a Modified Bismuth‐based Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Iran: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Fakheri Hafez , Taghvaei Tarang , Hosseini Vahid , Bari Zohreh 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:  Sequential regimens have been recently reported to be superior to the standard triple therapies in Helicobacter pylori eradication, but most of these studies were performed in Europe and data from developing countries are lacking. So we designed a study to compare a sequential regimen with a bismuth‐based quadruple therapy that contains a short course of furazolidone, in Iran.Methods:  Two hundred and ninety‐six patients with duodenal ulcer and naïve H. pylori infection were randomized into two groups: 148 patients received (PAB‐F) pantoprazole (40 mg‐bid), amoxicillin (1 g‐bid), and bismuth subcitrate (240 mg‐bid) for 2 weeks and furazolidone (200 mg‐bid) just during the first week. And 148 patients received (PA‐CT) pantoprazole (40 mg‐bid) for 10 days, amoxicillin (1 g‐bid) for the first 5 days, and clarithromycin (500 mg‐bid) plus tinidazole (500 mg‐bid) just during the second 5 days. C14‐urea breath test was performed 8 weeks after the treatment.Results:  Two hundred and sixty‐one patients completed the study (137 patients in the PA‐CT and 124 in the PAB‐F group). The results were not statistically different between the two groups in the eradication rates and the severity of side effects. The intention to treat eradication rate was 80.4% in the PAB‐F group and 83.7% in the PA‐CT group. Per‐protocol eradication rates were 88.7% and 89.1%, respectively.Conclusion:  Because the two regimens showed acceptable and similar abilities in H. pylori eradication and because of much higher cost of clarithromycin in Iran, the furazolidone containing regimen seems to be superior. Further modifications of sequential therapies are needed to make them ideal regimens in developing countries.