bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adventitious embryonic causal gene FhRWP regulates multiple developmental phenotypes in citrus reproduction
Authors: Song Xietian , Wang Nan , Zhou Yin , Tian Xiaoyu , Xie Zongzhou , Chai Lijun , Wu Xiaomeng , Xu Qiang , Zhang Fei , Ye Junli , Deng Xiuxin 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYCitrus is a model plant for studying adventitious embryos, a form of asexual reproduction controlled by a single dominant gene, RWP. This gene has been identified as the causal gene for nucellar embryogenesis, but its function has not yet been fully understood. In this study, we used the fast‐growing Fortunella hindsii as a system to explore chromatin accessibility during the nucellar embryony initiation, emphasizing elevated chromatin accessibility in polyembryonic (PO) genotypes compared to monoembryonic ones (MO). Notably, a higher level of accessible chromatin was observed in one allele of the promoter region of FhRWP, consistent with increased expression of the allele carrying the causal structural variant. By independently performing RNAi and gene editing experiments on PO genotypes, we found the downregulation of FhRWP expression could reduce the number of nucellar embryos, while its knockout resulted in abnormal axillary bud development. In overexpression experiments, FhRWP was identified as having the unique capability of inducing the embryogenic callus formation in MO stem segments, possibly through the regulation of the WUS‐CLV signaling network and the ABA and cytokinin pathway, marking the inaugural demonstration of FhRWP's potential to reignite somatic cells' embryogenic fate. This study reveals the pleiotropic function of RWP in citrus and constructs a regulatory network during adventitious embryo formation, providing a new tool for bioengineering applications in plant regeneration.
Journey from Geologist to Basket Maker
Authors: Secord Theresa 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
With the exception of summer trips to visit my grandparents, I spent most of my growing-up years 150 miles away from my tribe, the Penobscot Indian Nation on Indian Island, Maine. I obtained a bachelor’s degree in earth science at the University of Southern Maine and spent three years in graduate school at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. I landed a summer job on a gold project crew with Mobil Minerals Division as I was finishing up my M.S. in economic geology. In 1980, the Penobscot Nation, together with the Passamaquoddy Tribe, regained 300,000 acres in what, at the time, was the largest land claim settlement in U.S. history, the 1980 Maine Indian Claims Settlement Act. In 1984, I went to work for my tribe on the minerals assessment program. The fieldwork encompassed extensive soil surveys, geophysical surveys, and bedrock drilling. About a decade into my work for the tribe, my career began to change as the funding from the Bureau of Indian Affairs ended and the minerals assessment on the trust lands was wrapping up.
In 1993, I co-founded and headed the Indigenous arts, non-profit Maine Indian Basketmakers Alliance (MIBA). This work would become my most rewarding and meaningful as it had a deep relationship to my own values system. In addition, I had become a serious basket maker and relied upon a network of other Indigenous practitioners. My evolution from a practicing geologist to an award-winning artist and Native American arts leader and advocate speaks to having a strong sense of identity and belief in myself. Throughout my career, I learned to observe my environment and listen to advice, but ultimately charted my own course.
UK neonatal stoma practice: a population study
Authors: Singhal Graciaa , Ramakrishnan Rema , Goldacre Raph , Battersby Cheryl , Hall Nigel J , Gale Chris , Knight Marian , Lansdale Nick 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThe optimal time for neonatal stoma closure is unclear and there have been calls for a trial to compare early and late surgery. The feasibility of such a trial will depend on the population of eligible infants and acceptability to families and health professionals. In this study, we aimed to determine current UK practice and characteristics of those undergoing stoma surgery.DesignA retrospective cohort study of neonates who had undergone stoma surgery (excluding anorectal malformations and Hirschsprung’s disease) using three national databases: the National Neonatal Research Database (NNRD, 2012–2019), British Association of Paediatric Surgeons Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System (BAPS-CASS, 2013–2014) and Hospital Episode Statistics–Admitted Patient Care (HES-APC, 2011–2018).Results1830 eligible neonates were identified from NNRD, 163 from BAPS-CASS, 2477 from HES-APC. Median (IQR) duration of stoma in days was 57 (36–80) in NNRD, 63 (41–130) in BAPS-CASS and 78 (55–122) for neonates identified from HES-APC. At the time of closure, there were low rates of invasive ventilation (13%), inotrope use (5%) and recent steroids use (4%). Infants who underwent earlier closure (<9 weeks) were less preterm (median 28 weeks vs 25 weeks), have higher birth weight (median 986 g vs 764 g) and more likely to have stoma complications (29% vs 5%).ConclusionThere are sufficient UK neonates undergoing stoma formation for a trial. Stoma closure is performed at around 2 months, with clinical stability, gestation, weight and stoma complications appearing to influence timing. The variation in practice we document indicates there is opportunity to optimise practice through a trial.
A national research survey of childhood autism assessment services in the UK: empirical evidence of diagnostic practice, challenges and improvement opportunities
Authors: Parr Jeremy , Wigham Sarah , Farr William , Male Ian , Isard Lucy , Lees Rhianna , Reddy Venkat , Saunders Gráinne , Grahame Victoria 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe UK National Health Service (NHS) Long Term Plan aims to reduce waiting times for childhood autism diagnostic assessment and improve parent and child satisfaction. This empirical research investigated current childhood diagnostic practice provision, and changes made by teams to address challenges faced.MethodsData were collected using an online semi-structured research questionnaire. UK childhood autism diagnostic assessment services (for children aged 1–18 years) were invited to participate through multidisciplinary clinical networks, special interest groups and professionals mailing lists. The study was on the National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network portfolio.Results128 clinicians from diverse NHS services responded including: 10 (8%) integrated services, 46 (36%) Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and 72 (56%) paediatric services. A minority of services (23, 17.9%) reported always meeting the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance for assessment. Referrals rose 115% between 2015 and 2019. Clinicians described increased child and family complexity compared with previously; children had more co-occurring physical, mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions and there were more frequent family health problems and safeguarding concerns. Most services (97, 75.8%) reported recent funding stayed constant/decreased. Incomplete multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) were frequently reported; a minority of services reported increased availability of professionals, and some experienced reductions in key professionals. Many teams were unable to undertake assessments or make recommendations for associated neurodevelopmental and co-existing conditions. Teams described improvement strategies implemented (eg, adapting professionals’ roles, supporting parents).ConclusionsMost UK autism paediatric and CAMHS diagnostic teams experience significant challenges affecting the assessment of children with possible autism, and recommendations regarding treatment/intervention. Where CAMHS or paediatric services work in isolation, there are often competency gaps in MDTs and ability to deliver full neurodevelopmental and mental health assessments. Teams identified service improvement strategies; however, investment in MDT expertise is required to enable services to implement changes to meet the needs of children and families.
Automated oxygen titration with non-invasive ventilation in hypoxaemic adults with cardiorespiratory disease: a randomised cross-over trial
Authors: Kirton Louis , Kung Stacey , Bird Georgina , Black Melissa , Semprini Ruth , Eathorne Allie , Weatherall Mark , Semprini Alex , Beasley Richard 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundClosed-loop oxygen control systems automatically adjust the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) to maintain oxygen saturation (SpO2) within a predetermined target range. Their performance with low and high-flow oxygen therapies, but not with non-invasive ventilation, has been established. We compared the effect of automated oxygen on achieving and maintaining a target SpO2range with nasal high flow (NHF), bilevel positive airway pressure (bilevel) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), in stable hypoxaemic patients with chronic cardiorespiratory disease.MethodsIn this open-label, three-way cross-over trial, participants with resting hypoxaemia (n=12) received each of NHF, bilevel and CPAP treatments, in random order, with automated oxygen titrated for 10 min, followed by 36 min of standardised manual oxygen adjustments. The primary outcome was the time taken to reach target SpO2range (92%–96%). Secondary outcomes included time spent within target range and physiological responses to automated and manual oxygen adjustments.ResultsTwo participants were randomised to each of six possible treatment orders. During automated oxygen control (n=12), the mean (±SD) time to reach target range was 114.8 (±87.9), 56.6 (±47.7) and 67.3 (±61) seconds for NHF, bilevel and CPAP, respectively, mean difference 58.3 (95% CI 25.0 to 91.5; p=0.002) and 47.5 (95% CI 14.3 to 80.7; p=0.007) seconds for bilevel and CPAP versus NHF, respectively. Proportions of time spent within target range were 68.5% (±16.3), 65.6% (±28.7) and 74.7% (±22.6) for NHF, bilevel and CPAP, respectively.Manually increasing, then decreasing, the FiO2resulted in similar increases and then decreases in SpO2and transcutaneous carbon dioxide (PtCO2) with NHF, bilevel and CPAP.ConclusionThe target SpO2range was achieved more quickly when automated oxygen control was initiated with bilevel and CPAP compared with NHF while time spent within the range across the three therapies was similar. Manually changing the FiO2had similar effects on SpO2and PtCO2across each of the three therapies.Trial registration numberACTRN12622000433707.
Exploring the dynamics of shallow water waves and nonlinear wave propagation in hyperelastic rods: Analytical insights into the Camassa–Holm equation
Authors: Khater Mostafa M. A. 
Published: June 2024

The objective of this paper is to examine the analytical properties of the nonlinear [Formula: see text]-dimensional Camassa–Holm equation ([Formula: see text]), a fundamental model within the domain of nonlinear evolution equations. The aforementioned equation serves as a valuable tool in elucidating the unidirectional propagation of shallow water waves over a level terrain, as well as in representing certain nonlinear wave phenomena seen in cylindrical hyperelastic rods. We use the Khater III ([Formula: see text]hat.III) and improved Kudryashov ([Formula: see text]ud) technique to provide accurate solutions, drawing inspiration from the intricate mathematical framework of the [Formula: see text] issue. He’s variational iteration ([Formula: see text]) technique is used as a numerical methodology to assess the correctness of the generated answers. This strategy reveals a notable concurrence between the analytical and numerical outcomes. This alignment guarantees the suitability of the acquired solutions within the framework of the studied model. The importance of this investigation lies in its ability to improve our comprehension of the intricate dynamics regulated by the [Formula: see text] equation and its connections with other nonlinear evolution equations that describe shallow water wave behaviors and nonlinear wave propagation in cylindrical hyperelastic rods. The results of the study demonstrate novel analytical approaches, expanding the range of potential solutions and offering valuable insights into the physical characteristics of the interconnected wave phenomena. This research offers valuable insights and methodologies for addressing intricate mathematical models in shallow water wave theory and studying nonlinear waves in hyperelastic materials, therefore making substantial advances to the subject of nonlinear partial differential equations.
Distal Ventricular Pacing for Drug-Refractory Mid-Cavity Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Personalized Pacing
Authors: Malcolmson James W. , Hughes Rebecca K. , Husselbury Tim , Khan Kamran , Learoyd Annastazia E. , Lees Martin , Wicks Eleanor C. , Smith Jamie , Simms Alexander D. , Moon James C. , Lopes Luis R. , O’Mahony Constantinos , Sekhri Neha , Elliott Perry M. , Petersen Steffen E. , Dhinoja Mehul B. , Mohiddin Saidi A. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Patients with refractory, symptomatic left ventricular (LV) mid-cavity obstructive (LVMCO) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have few therapeutic options. Right ventricular pacing is associated with modest hemodynamic and symptomatic improvement, and LV pacing pilot data suggest therapeutic potential. We hypothesized that site-specific pacing would reduce LVMCO gradients and improve symptoms.

METHODS:
Patients with symptomatic-drug-refractory LVMCO were recruited for a randomized, blinded trial of personalized prescription of pacing (PPoP). Multiple LV and apical right ventricular pacing sites were assessed during an invasive hemodynamic study of multisite pacing. Patient-specific pacing-site and atrioventricular delays, defining PPoP, were selected on the basis of LVMCO gradient reduction and acceptable pacing parameters. Patients were randomized to 6 months of active PPoP or backup pacing in a crossover design. The primary outcome examined invasive gradient change with best-site pacing. Secondary outcomes assessed quality of life and exercise following randomization to PPoP.

RESULTS:

A total of 17 patients were recruited; 16 of whom met primary end points. Baseline New York Heart Association was 3±0.6, despite optimal medical therapy. Hemodynamic effects were assessed during pacing at the right ventricular apex and at a mean of 8 LV sites. The gradients in all 16 patients fell with pacing, with maximum gradient reduction achieved via LV pacing in 14 (88%) patients and right ventricular apex in 2. The mean baseline gradient of 80±29 mm Hg fell to 31±21 mm Hg with best-site pacing, a 60% reduction (
P
<0.0001). One cardiac vein perforation occurred in 1 case, and 15 subjects entered crossover; 2 withdrawals occurred during crossover. Of the 13 completing crossover, 9 (69%) chose active pacing in PPoP configuration as preferred setting. PPoP was associated with improved 6-minute walking test performance (328.5±99.9 versus 285.8±105.5 m;
P
=0.018); other outcome measures also indicated benefit with PPoP.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a randomized placebo-controlled trial, PPoP reduces obstruction and improves exercise performance in severely symptomatic patients with LVMCO.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study
; Unique Identifier: NCT03450252.
Impact of Neighborhood Social Deprivation on Delays to Access for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Wait‐Times and Clinical Consequences
Authors: Zaheer Aida , Qiu Feng , Manoragavan Ragavie , Madan Mina , Sud Maneesh , Mamas Mamas A. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the standard of care for severe aortic stenosis treatment. Exponential growth in demand has led to prolonged wait times and adverse patient outcomes. Social marginalization may contribute to adverse outcomes. Our objective was to examine the association between different measures of neighborhood‐level marginalization and patient outcomes while on the TAVR waiting list. A secondary objective was to understand if sex modifies this relationship.

Methods and Results
We conducted a population‐based retrospective cohort study of 11 077 patients in Ontario, Canada, referred to TAVR from April 1, 2018, to March 31, 2022. Primary outcomes were death or hospitalization while on the TAVR wait‐list. Using cause‐specific Cox proportional hazards models, we evaluated the relationship between neighborhood‐level measures of dependency, residential instability, material deprivation, and ethnic and racial concentration with primary outcomes as well as the interaction with sex. After multivariable adjustment, we found a significant relationship between individuals living in the most ethnically and racially concentrated areas (quintile 4 and 5) and mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.64 [95% CI, 0.47–0.88] and HR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.53–1.00], respectively). There was no significant association between material deprivation, dependency, or residential instability with mortality. Women in the highest ethnic or racial concentration quintiles (4 and 5) had significantly lower risks for mortality (HR values of 0.52 and 0.56, respectively) compared with quintile 1.

Conclusions
Higher neighborhood ethnic or racial concentration was associated with decreased risk for mortality, particular for women on the TAVR waiting list. Further research is needed to understand the drivers of this relationship.
Machine Learning–Based Critical Congenital Heart Disease Screening Using Dual‐Site Pulse Oximetry Measurements
Authors: Siefkes Heather , Oliveira Luca Cerny , Koppel Robert , Hogan Whitnee , Garg Meena , Manalo Erlinda , Cresalia Nicole , Lai Zhengfeng , Tancredi Daniel , Lakshminrusimha Satyan , Chuah Chen‐Nee 
Published: June 2024

Background

Oxygen saturation (Sp
o
2
) screening has not led to earlier detection of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). Adding pulse oximetry features (ie, perfusion data and radiofemoral pulse delay) may improve CCHD detection, especially coarctation of the aorta (CoA). We developed and tested a machine learning (ML) pulse oximetry algorithm to enhance CCHD detection.

Methods and Results

Six sites prospectively enrolled newborns with and without CCHD and recorded simultaneous pre‐ and postductal pulse oximetry. We focused on models at 1 versus 2 time points and with/without pulse delay for our ML algorithms. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were compared between the Sp
o
2
‐alone and ML algorithms. A total of 523 newborns were enrolled (no CHD, 317; CHD, 74; CCHD, 132, of whom 21 had isolated CoA). When applying the Sp
o
2
‐alone algorithm to all patients, 26.2% of CCHD would be missed. We narrowed the sample to patients with both 2 time point measurements and pulse‐delay data (no CHD, 65; CCHD, 14) to compare ML performance. Among these patients, sensitivity for CCHD detection increased with both the addition of pulse delay and a second time point. All ML models had 100% specificity. With a 2‐time‐points+pulse‐delay model, CCHD sensitivity increased to 92.86% (
P
=0.25) compared with Sp
o
2
alone (71.43%), and CoA increased to 66.67% (
P
=0.5) from 0. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CCHD and CoA detection significantly improved (0.96 versus 0.83 for CCHD, 0.83 versus 0.48 for CoA; both
P
=0.03) using the 2‐time‐points+pulse‐delay model compared with Sp
o
2
alone.

Conclusions
ML pulse oximetry that combines oxygenation, perfusion data, and pulse delay at 2 time points may improve detection of CCHD and CoA within 48 hours after birth.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04056104?term=NCT04056104&rank=1
; Unique identifier: NCT04056104.
Exploring Health‐Related Quality of Life in Children With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Relationship to Physical Activity
Authors: Wagner Mitchell J. , Jeewa Aamir , Pidborochynski Tara , Lemaire‐Paquette Samuel , Khoury Michael , Cunningham Chentel , Dhillon Santokh , Laroussi Nassiba Alami , Vaujois Laurence , Dallaire Frederic , Schantz Daryl , Armstrong Kathryn , Mawad Wadi , Bradley Timothy J. , Conway Jennifer 
Published: June 2024

Background
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a burdensome condition that inflicts both physical and psychological impairment on those with the disease, negatively impacting health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Given the abundance of evidence suggesting a role of physical activity (PA) in modulating HRQoL in healthy populations of children, we sought to determine the relationship between HRQoL and PA in children diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results
A multicenter prospective observational cohort study was conducted, with patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy aged 10 to 19 years being provided a wrist‐worn activity tracker (Fitbit Charge HR) to wear for 14 days. Patients self‐reported on Pediatric Quality of Life 4.0 quality of life inventory items, which were associated with PA metrics following covariate adjustment using linear regression. A total of 56 participants were recruited to the study. The median age at enrollment was 15.5 years (interquartile range, 13.8–16.8), and 16 out of 56 (29%) of the cohort were girls. The cohort reported decreased metrics of physical, psychosocial, and total summary scores compared with health reference populations, with scores comparable with that of published populations with chronic disease. Increased physical HRQoL scores were significantly associated with increased daily steps taken, distance traveled, and flights of stairs climbed.

Conclusions
These results show that impaired PA correlates with reduced HRQoL in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, suggesting PA may partially mediate HRQoL in this population.
Eicosapentaenoic Acid and the Outcomes in Older Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Sudo Yuya , Morimoto Takeshi , Tsushima Ryu , Oka Akihiro , Sogo Masahiro , Ozaki Masatomo , Takahashi Masahiko , Okawa Keisuke 
Published: June 2024

Background
A lower serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to arachidonic acid (AA) ratio (EPA/AA) level correlates with cardiovascular events. Nevertheless, elevated serum EPA levels increase the risk of new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in older patients. The relationship between the EPA/AA and outcomes post‐AF ablation remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of the EPA/AA on AF recurrence and cardiovascular events after AF ablation in older patients.

Methods and Results

This retrospective cohort study examined consecutive patients with AF aged ≥65 years who underwent a first‐time AF ablation. We compared the 3‐year AF recurrence and 5‐year major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) rates between patients divided into high and low EPA/AA levels defined as above and below the median EPA/AA value before ablation. MACE was defined as heart failure hospitalizations, strokes, coronary artery disease, major bleeding, and cardiovascular death. Among the 673 included patients, the median EPA/AA value was 0.35. Compared with the low EPA/AA group, the high EPA/AA group had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of AF recurrence (39.3% versus 27.6%; log‐rank
P
=0.004) and lower cumulative incidence of MACE (13.8% versus 25.5%, log‐rank
P
=0.021). A high EPA/AA level was determined as an independent predictor of AF recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 1.75 95% CI, 1.24–2.49;
P
=0.002) and MACE (HR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.36–0.99];
P
=0.046).

Conclusions
The EPA/AA was associated with AF recurrence and MACE after ablation in patients with AF aged ≥65 years.