bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Travailler à la morgue ou dans les égouts
Authors: Jeanjean Agnès 
Published: January 2011

Résumé Cet article aborde la question du dégoût à partir de l’expérience de professionnels en contact avec des excréments humains et/ou des corps morts. Comment ces travailleurs font-ils face au dégoût ? Il s’agit aussi bien du dégoût qu’ils éprouvent que de celui que manifeste la société environnante à l’égard de leurs activités. Comment le dégoût sous ses formes diverses intervient-il au niveau des dispositifs techniques, des gestes et des représentations qui à la fois accompagnent et organisent les activités ? Cet affect – dans la mesure où s’y articulent des dimensions physiologiques, psychologiques et sociologiques – soulève parmi les travailleurs des questions profondes et complexes concernant l’acceptation du travail et la marge de manœuvre dont ils disposent vis-à-vis des logiques sociales.
Prévenir le tabagisme par l'image
Authors: Constance Jean , Peretti-Watel Patrick 
Published: January 2011

Résumé Alors que les campagnes de prévention contre le tabac s’inspirent des techniques de la propagande, le dégoût y apparaît comme un ressort cherchant à associer le fumeur à des images ou à des idées repoussantes. Nous avons sélectionné une centaine de spots et d’affiches antitabac diffusés en Europe occidentale, aux États-Unis ou en Australie depuis vingt ans afin d’y déceler les différentes mises en scène du dégoût. Celui-ci y apparaît sous plusieurs aspects : corps malades, fumeurs malodorants, comportements inspirant un sentiment de rejet. Si ces images visent à avertir le spectateur des dangers du tabac, elles participent aussi parfois d’une stigmatisation des fumeurs.
Les pouvoirs de l'art à l'épreuve du dégoût
Authors: Talon-Hugon Carole 
Published: January 2011

Résumé Le romantisme a esthétisé la laideur et l’art du xx e siècle a transfiguré le banal. Mais qu’en est-il de ce qui inspire le dégoût et soulève le cœur ? Jusqu’où vont les pouvoirs de l’art ? Pour répondre à cette question, on comparera La Raie de Chardin et un Autoportrait de David Nebreda, et on analysera de manière critique les arguments en faveur de la thèse de l’esthétisation illimitée. Il s’agit de mesurer jusqu’à quel point la représentation de l’abject est possible.
Appartenances régionales et sentiments nationaux
Authors: Filhon Alexandra 
Published: January 2011

Résumé Cet article vise à interroger les sentiments d’appartenance au regard des pratiques linguistiques. Historiquement, la langue française est perçue dans l’Hexagone comme un marqueur déterminant de l’appartenance nationale ; l’usage de langues locales constituerait quant à lui la revendication d’une affiliation régionale. L’analyse d’entretiens, réalisés en Alsace et en Bretagne en 2005, révèle que ce lien n’est pas aussi évident qu’il y paraît. L’attache territoriale ne se conjugue pas nécessairement avec une pratique linguistique autre que le français, même si la pratique de l’alsacien, du gallo ou du breton renforce souvent l’ancrage local et peut parfois être utilisée pour exclure ceux qui ne le parlent pas.
La problématique de l'identité, les masques, la psychose chez Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Authors: Demangeat Michel 
Published: January 2011

Le masque est l’expression des tâtonnements ou se cherche une identité qui demande à être reconnue. Jean-Jacques ROUSSEAU perd à la naissance le regard de celle qui pouvait lui reconnaitre l’image de son enfant, le père trouve en lui son « idole » voire le remplaçant de la disparue. Jusqu’à l’âge de 48 ans, ROUSSEAU gardera le souci de l’image de soi vagabondant d’une tâche à l’autre où il cherche à se faire valoir. Sur la route de Vincennes il devient un autre homme. Le texte qu’il écrit où se fonde son Discours sur les Sciences et les Arts va déployer l’image de grand écrivain du grand penseur et de l’« Idéaliste passionné ». Dorénavant critiques, affronts pour peu qu’ils résonnent par delà l’admiration que l’écrivain suscite seront vécues douloureusement. Défiguration, vol de sa glorieuse image vont susciter la défense délirante, l’écrit dans les époques tardives et délusives ronge, ravage les immondes masques qu’on propose de l’Auteur pour en réassurer le vrai visage.
Une puissance protectrice inédite : la « mission » Wehrlin du cicr à Moscou (1920-1938)
Authors: Huber Peter W. , Pitteloud Jean-François 
Published: January 2011

Résumé Comment le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge ( cicr ) a-t-il pu défendre, en tant que puissance protectrice, les intérêts suisses en urss de 1921 à 1938 ? Ce cas inédit de protection consulaire assurée par une organisation humanitaire est au centre d’une publication de sources que préparent les deux auteurs. Ils se concentrent ici sur les moments-clés de l’établissement et du retrait de cette mission « quasi consulaire », résultat d’une convergence d’intérêts tant pour la Suisse ou le cicr que pour l’ urss , qui obtient en contrepartie une mission symétrique de la Croix-Rouge soviétique en Suisse. En conclusion, les auteurs tentent de comprendre l’erreur de stratégie du cicr qui s’exclut de la scène humanitaire à l’Est au moment où la guerre ne faisait plus de doute, en décidant seul du retrait de sa mission à Moscou en 1937.
Endothelial ICAM-1 Protein Induction Is Regulated by Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α via Both NF-κB and CREB Transcription Factors
Authors: Hadad Nurit , Tuval Liron , Elgazar-Carmom Vered , Levy Ron , Levy Rachel 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The regulated expression of ICAM-1 plays an important role in inflammatory processes and immune responses. The present study aimed to determine the in vivo involvement of cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) in ICAM-1 overexpression during inflammation and to elucidate the cPLA2α-specific role in signal events leading to ICAM-1 upregulation in endothelial cells. cPLA2α and ICAM-1 upregulation were detected in inflamed paws of mice with collagen-induced arthritis and in periepididymal adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet. Intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg oligonucleotide antisense against cPLA2α (AS) that reduced cPLA2α upregulation also decreased ICAM-1 overexpression, suggesting a key role of cPLA2α in ICAM-1 upregulation during inflammation. Preincubation of endothelial ECV-304 cells that express ICAM-1 and of HUVEC that express ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 with 1 μM AS prevented cPLA2α and the adhesion molecule upregulation induced by TNF-α and inhibited their adherence to phagocyte like-PLB cells. Whereas AS did not inhibit NADPH oxidase 4-NADPH oxidase activity, inhibition of oxidase activity attenuated cPLA2α activation, suggesting that NADPH oxidase acts upstream to cPLA2α. Attenuating cPLA2α activation by AS or diphenylene iodonium prevented the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 and the production of PGE2 that were essential for ICAM-1 upregulation. Inhibition of cPLA2α activity by AS inhibited the phosphorylation of both p65 NF-κB on Ser536 and protein kinase A-dependent CREB. To our knowledge, our results are the first to show that CREB activation is involved in ICAM-1 upregulation and suggest that cPLA2α activated by NADPH oxidase is required for sequential phosphorylation of NF-κB by an undefined kinase and CREB activation by PGE2-mediated protein kinase A.
A Digital Photographic Measurement Method for Quantifying Foot Posture: Validity, Reliability, and Descriptive Data
Authors: Cobb Stephen C. , James C. Roger , Hjertstedt Matthew , Kruk James 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Context:
Although abnormal foot posture long has been associated with lower extremity injury risk, the evidence is equivocal. Poor intertester reliability of traditional foot measures might contribute to the inconsistency.

Objectives:
To investigate the validity and reliability of a digital photographic measurement method (DPMM) technology, the reliability of DPMM-quantified foot measures, and the concurrent validity of the DPMM with clinical-measurement methods (CMMs) and to report descriptive data for DPMM measures with moderate to high intratester and intertester reliability.

Design:
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting:
Biomechanics research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 159 people participated in 3 groups. Twenty-eight people (11 men, 17 women; age  =  25 ± 5 years, height  =  1.71 ± 0.10 m, mass  =  77.6 ± 17.3 kg) were recruited for investigation of intratester and intertester reliability of the DPMM technology; 20 (10 men, 10 women; age  =  24 ± 2 years, height  =  1.71 ± 0.09 m, mass  =  76 ± 16 kg) for investigation of DPMM and CMM reliability and concurrent validity; and 111 (42 men, 69 women; age  =  22.8 ± 4.7 years, height  =  168.5 ± 10.4 cm, mass  =  69.8 ± 13.3 kg) for development of a descriptive data set of the DPMM foot measurements with moderate to high intratester and intertester reliabilities.

Intervention(s):
The dimensions of 10 model rectangles and the 28 participants' feet were measured, and DPMM foot posture was measured in the 111 participants. Two clinicians assessed the DPMM and CMM foot measures of the 20 participants.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Validity and reliability were evaluated using mean absolute and percentage errors and intraclass correlation coefficients. Descriptive data were computed from the DPMM foot posture measures.

Results:
The DPMM technology intratester and intertester reliability intraclass correlation coefficients were 1.0 for each tester and variable. Mean absolute errors were equal to or less than 0.2 mm for the bottom and right-side variables and 0.1° for the calculated angle variable. Mean percentage errors between the DPMM and criterion reference values were equal to or less than 0.4%. Intratester and intertester reliabilities of DPMM-computed structural measures of arch and navicular indices were moderate to high (&gt;0.78), and concurrent validity was moderate to strong.

Conclusions:
The DPMM is a valid and reliable clinical and research tool for quantifying foot structure. The DPMM and the descriptive data might be used to define groups in future studies in which the relationship between foot posture and function or injury risk is investigated.
Core Temperature and Sweat Responses in Professional Women's Tennis Players During Tournament Play in the Heat
Authors: Tippet Melissa L. , Stofan John R. , Lacambra Magie , Horswill Craig A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Context:
Tennis is often played in hot, humid environments, intensifying the thermoregulatory strain placed on the athletes. As a safety measure, some tennis organizations allow for a 10-minute break in play between the second and third sets when environmental conditions are extreme. However, the actual effect of these breaks in reducing core temperature is unknown.

Objective:
To determine change in core temperature after a 10-minute break in play and assess fluid balance in professional female tennis players during tournament matches in the heat.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
A Women's Tennis Association Tour–sanctioned outdoor tournament on hard courts under hot conditions (30.3°C ± 2.3°C).

Patients or Other Participants:
Seven professional tennis players.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Change in core temperature after a 10-minute break in tournament play, fluid intake, and sweat losses during match play.

Results:
Core temperature was reduced from 38.92°C to 38.67°C (change of −0.25°C ± 0.20°C) when a break was taken (P  =  .02). Mean sweat rate during match play was 2.0 ± 0.5 L/h. During that time, mean fluid intake was 1.5 ± 0.5 L/h, resulting in a 1.2% ± 1.0% reduction in body mass.

Conclusions:
Female professional tennis players are subjected to high heat loads during match play in hot environments. However, a 10-minute break in play decreased core temperature in 6 of 7 players by an average of 0.25°C, indicating that the break provides practical benefits in the field. Furthermore, although mean sweat rate in this group of female tennis players was high, most athletes were still able to minimize mass loss to less than 2% of their prematch weight.
Sex Differences in Concussion Symptoms of High School Athletes
Authors: Frommer Leah J. , Gurka Kelly K. , Cross Kevin M. , Ingersoll Christopher D. , Comstock R. Dawn , Saliba Susan A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Context:
More than 1.6 million sport-related concussions occur every year in the United States, affecting greater than 5% of all high school athletes who participate in contact sports. As more females participate in sports, understanding possible differences in concussion symptoms between sexes becomes more important.

Objective:
To compare symptoms, symptom resolution time, and time to return to sport between males and females with sport-related concussions.

Design:
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting:
Data were collected from 100 high schools via High School RIO (Reporting Information Online).

Patients or Other Participants:
Athletes from participating schools who sustained concussions while involved in interscholastic sports practice or competition in 9 sports (boys' football, soccer, basketball, wrestling, and baseball and girls' soccer, volleyball, basketball, and softball) during the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 school years. A total of 812 sport concussions were reported (610 males, 202 females).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Reported symptoms, symptom resolution time, and return-to-play time.

Results:
No difference was found between the number of symptoms reported (P  =  .30). However, a difference was seen in the types of symptoms reported. In year 1, males reported amnesia (exact P  =  .03) and confusion/disorientation (exact P  =  .04) more frequently than did females. In year 2, males reported more amnesia (exact P  =  .002) and confusion/disorientation (exact P  =  .002) than did females, whereas females reported more drowsiness (exact P  =  .02) and sensitivity to noise (exact P  =  .002) than did males. No differences were observed for symptom resolution time (P  =  .40) or return-to-play time (P  =  .43) between sexes.

Conclusions:
The types of symptoms reported differed between sexes after sport-related concussion, but symptom resolution time and return-to-play timelines were similar.
Development and Validation of the Modified Occupational Questionnaire
Authors: Scanlan Justin Newton , Bundy Anita C. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We developed the Modified Occupational Questionnaire (MOQ), a simple, quantitative measure of meaningful time use.
METHOD. The MOQ, a time diary based on the Occupational Questionnaire, was piloted with a group of occupational therapy students and revised before use in a larger investigation involving young unemployed Australians (N = 228). External validity was examined by comparing MOQ time-use data with data from the 2006 Australian Time Use Survey. Internal validity was examined through Rasch analysis procedures.
RESULTS. The MOQ demonstrated very good external validity (correlations &gt;.85); acceptable rating scale, item function, and person performance validity; very good item and person reliability indexes (1.00 and 0.93, respectively); and a good person separation index (3.52).
CONCLUSION. The MOQ is a simple and valid measure of the basic elements of meaningful time use. Future research is required to further develop the MOQ, particularly in populations other than people who are unemployed.
Systematic Review and Analysis of Work-Related Injuries to and Conditions of the Elbow
Authors: Bohr Paula Christine 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This systematic review of literature examines and synthesizes research findings related to interventions for people with work-related elbow injuries, particularly epicondylitis. It was carried out as part of the Evidence-Based Literature Review Project of the American Occupational Therapy Association. The 11 articles included in this review suggest multiple approaches to intervention but do not provide sufficient evidence to determine which methods or approaches are best practice. Research has provided little evidence to support the use of commonly prescribed interventions for epicondylitis, the most frequently reported work-related elbow injury. Collectively, the evidence to support the use of splinting, exercise, or physical agent modalities is weak and provides little guidance for approaching management of elbow injuries. The implications for education and research are discussed, as is the application of the evidence to clinical practice in occupational therapy.
‘What Science Says is Best’: Parenting Practices, Scientific Authority and Maternal Identity
Authors: Faircloth Charlotte 
Published: January 2011

Based on research in London with mothers from a breastfeeding support organisation this paper explores the narratives of women who breastfeed ‘to full term’ (typically for a period of several years) as part of a philosophy of ‘attachment parenting’, an approach to parenting which validates long term proximity between child and care-taker. In line with wider cultural trends, one of the most prominent ‘accountability strategies’ used by this group of mothers to explain their long-term breastfeeding is recourse to scientific evidence, both about the nutritional benefits of breastfeeding and about the broader cognitive and developmental benefits of attachment parenting more broadly. Women's accounts internalize and reflect popular literature around attachment parenting, which is explored here in-depth as a means of contextualizing shifting patterns of ‘scientisation’. What follows is a reflection on how ‘scientific evidence’ is given credence in narratives of mothering, and what the implications of this are for individuals in their experience of parenting, and for society more broadly. As a form of ‘Authoritative Knowledge’ ( JORDAN 1997 ) women utilise ‘science’ when they talk about their decisions to breastfeed long-term, since it has the effect of placing these non-conventional practices beyond debate (they are simply what is ‘healthiest’). The article therefore makes a contribution to wider sociological debates around the ways in which society and behaviour are regulated, and the ways in which ‘science’ is interpreted, internalized and mobilized by individuals in the course of their ‘identity work’.
Functional Composite Materials Based on Chemically Converted Graphene
Authors: Bai Hua , Li Chun , Shi Gaoquan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGraphene, a one‐atom layer of graphite, possesses a unique two‐dimensional structure and excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Thus, it has been regarded as an important component for making various functional composite materials. Graphene can be prepared through physical, chemical and electrochemical approaches. Among them, chemical methods were tested to be effective for producing chemically converted graphene (CCG) from various precursors (such as graphite, carbon nanotubes, and polymers) in large scale and at low costs. Therefore, CCG is more suitable for synthesizing high‐performance graphene based composites. In this progress report, we review the recent advancements in the studies of the composites of CCG and small molecules, polymers, inorganic nanoparticles or other carbon nanomaterials. The methodology for preparing CCG and its composites has been summarized. The applications of CCG‐based functional composite materials are also discussed.
Protein adsorption on functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes with amino‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Li Lili , Feng Wei , Ji Peijun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA novel amino‐cyclodextrin was synthesized, and it was covalently attached to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). The functionalized MWNTs (f‐MWNTs) have very good aqueous dispersibility. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was adsorbed onto f‐MWNTs through noncovalent interactions, including the hydrophobic interaction of the residues of BSA with the wall of MWNT and the guest–host interaction of the residues with the cyclodextrin (CD) moieties of f‐MWNTs. The ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption of the f‐MWNT‐BSA hybrid was measured with UV–vis spectrometer, and the absorbance can be described well with the Beer–Lambert law. The X‐ray diffraction patterns have indicated that the crystalline form of BSA has been changed after the adsorption of BSA on f‐MWNTs. The circular dichroism spectra have shown that a high percentage of α‐helical content can be retained for BSA adsorbed on f‐MWNTs. The results also indicate that the change of secondary structure of BSA is mainly due to the hydrophobic interaction of the residues of BSA with the wall of f‐MWNT, whereas the secondary structure is much less affected by the interaction of the CD moieties with BSA. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Solar gasification of carbonaceous waste feedstocks in a packed‐bed reactor—Dynamic modeling and experimental validation
Authors: Piatkowski Nicolas , Steinfeld Aldo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThermochemical gasification of carbonaceous waste feedstocks (specifically: scrap tire powder, industrial sludge, and sewage sludge) for high‐quality syngas production is numerically modeled and experimentally validated using concentrated solar process heat. The solar reactor consists of two cavities separated by a radiant emitter, with the upper one serving as the solar radiative absorber and the lower one containing the reacting packed bed. The reactor is modeled by considering combined heat transfer coupled to the reaction kinetics, driven by the applied solar flux at the reactor's aperture. Model validation is accomplished in terms of converted mass, reactor temperatures, efficiency, and solar upgrade based on experiments with an 8‐kW reactor subjected to solar fluxes up to 2560 suns and packed bed temperatures up to 1490 K. The transient operation of a 200‐kW pilot‐scale reactor for gasifying industrial sludge is simulated for a solar day, yielding a maximum solar‐to‐fuel energy conversion efficiency of 89%. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Pflanzliche Polyphenole: chemische Eigenschaften, biologische Aktivität und Synthese
Authors: Quideau Stéphane , Deffieux Denis , Douat‐Casassus Céline , Pouységu Laurent 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFünf Portionen Obst und Gemüse am Tag! Das ist nach heutigen Maßgaben nötig, um fit und gesund zu bleiben, das wird überall empfohlen und ebenso heftig beworben. Regelmäßig grüner Tee, ab und zu Schokolade sowie der Genuss von ein paar Gläschen Rotwein am Tag sollen zusätzlich lebensverlängernd wirken. Warum? Eine vollständige Antwort darauf kann die Wissenschaft noch nicht geben, aber eine bestimmte Klasse von natürlichen Substanzen, die in Obst und Gemüse vorkommt, gilt allgemein als besonders gesundheitsfördernd: die Polyphenole! Was aber sind diese pflanzlichen Stoffe genau? Welche physikalisch‐chemischen Eigenschaften haben sie? Wie entfalten sie ihre biologische Wirkung? Können sie wirklich der Vorbeugung von Krankheiten dienen? Können aus ihnen neue Arzneimittel entwickelt werden? Wie weit ist die organische Synthese, um sie herzustellen? Dieser Aufsatz gibt einige Antwort aus der chemischen Perspektive, fasst den aktuellen Stand der Dinge zusammen und stellt die wichtigsten Fortschritte in der Polyphenolforschung vor.