bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective randomised controlled clinical trial to evaluate three immobilisation devices for intra-thoracic radiation therapy
Authors: O'Shea Evelyn , Armstrong John , Gillham Charles , McCloy Roisin , Murrells Rachel , O'Hara Tom , Clayton-Lea Angela , Murphy Michael , Browne Patricia , Booth Catherine , Thirion Pierre 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurpose: To determine the optimal of three immobilisation devices for lung radiotherapy in terms of set-up reproducibility, patient comfort, radiation therapists’ (RTs) satisfaction and cost-effectiveness.Materials and methods: A total of 30 lung CRT patients were randomised to one of three immobilisation techniques – Arm A, headsponge; Arm B, BreastBoard dedicated immobilisation device; and Arm C, LungBoard dedicated immobilisation device.Results: Random errors were larger for Arm A versus C in all directions (p < 0.05). Random errors were larger for Arm A versus B for y and z directions (p < 0.05). When the data for the immobilisation devices (Arms B+C) were pooled and compared with Arm A (no dedicated device), the systematic errors were larger in the z direction for A (p < 0.05). Arm C was cheaper and was more comfortable for patients. Therapists preferred this device (Arm C) and treatment times were less (p < 0.05).Conclusion: This is the first prospective randomised controlled lung immobilisation trial, based on 3-DCRT, that takes into account treatment accuracy, users satisfaction and resource implications. It suggests that the LungBoard immobilisation device is optimal.
Enhanced smoking cue salience associated with depression severity in nicotine-dependent individuals: a preliminary fMRI study
Authors: Kushnir Vladyslav , Menon Mahesh , Balducci Xavier L. , Selby Peter , Busto Usoa , Zawertailo Laurie 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The association between cigarette smoking and depression has been well documented; however, little research has been done to elucidate the neurobiological substrates of this highly prevalent comorbidity. We used multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between depression severity as assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses to visual smoking cues in drug-free nicotine-dependent smokers (n=18). Two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were completed over a single study day, following overnight smoking abstinence (pre-smoking scan) and after cigarette reinstatement (post-smoking scan). During the pre-smoking scan positive correlations between BOLD activity and HAMD scores were observed in areas of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system [inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus (MFG), hippocampus (HC), anterior cingulate gyrus] and areas of the visuospatial attention circuit (medial occipital lobe, middle cingulate cortex, superior frontal gyrus, angular gyrus). During the post-smoking scan positive correlations were observed in areas of the brain implicated in drug expectancy (MFG), memory (HC), attentional motivation (posterior cingulate cortex), and visual processing and attention (precuneus). These preliminary findings demonstrate that smokers with higher depression severity attribute greater incentive salience to smoking-related cues and this is especially pronounced during periods of acute abstinence. Such enhanced salience of smoking cues, even after smoking a cigarette, may play a critical role both in the maintenance of smoking in depression and in greater levels of nicotine dependence seen in this patient population.
Considerations on the de-embedding of differential devices using two-port techniques
Authors: Issakov Vadim , Wojnowski Maciej , Thiede Andreas , Weigel Robert 
Published: July 2010

Differential signaling is very common for high frequency integrated circuit design. Accurate multimode de-embedding at multigigahertz frequencies, however, is a major challenge. The differential and common-mode parameters can be obtained by converting the measured four-port nodalS-parameters into the mixed-mode form. Under certain conditions, it is possible to separate the modes and consider only the entries corresponding to the differentialS-parameters. This allows to reduce the measured 4 × 4 matrix to a 2 × 2 matrix and consider the differential device as a two-port network. Thus, the standard de-embedding techniques, derived for two-port networks, can be applied to differentialS-parameters. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the applicability of this approach for on-wafer measurements. We describe analytically the conditions under which this method is valid. As an example, a 2:1 transformer, manufactured in Infineon's 0.13 μm CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) process, has been characterized. On-chip de-embedding structures have been fabricated using the same process. The results obtained using Short-Open, Thru-Line, and Thru-Line-Reflect de-embedding techniques are compared. Additionally, the results are verified by simulation of a device under test having high-mode conversion.
Factors Affecting Accuracy of Past Tense Production in Children With Specific Language Impairment And Their Typically Developing Peers: The Influence of Verb Transitivity, Clause Location, and Sentence Type
Authors: Owen Amanda J. 
Published: July 2010

Purpose
The author examined the influence of sentence type, clause order, and verb transitivity on the accuracy of children’s past tense productions. All groups of children, but especially children with specific language impairment (SLI), were predicted to decrease accuracy as linguistic complexity increased.

Method

The author elicited past tense productions in 2-clause sentences from 5- to 8-year-old children with SLI (
n
= 14) and their typically developing peers (
n
= 24). The target sentences varied in the type and obligatory nature of the second clause and the number of arguments.

Results
On average, 85% of the responses across all groups and sentence types contained 2 clauses. Fewer 2-clause sentences were produced in the complement clause condition than in the other conditions. Sentence type and clause order, but not argument structure, influenced use of past tense. Children with SLI had a similar but less accurate profile as compared with the age-matched group. The younger mean length of utterance (MLU)–matched group reflected decreased accuracy with each additional source of linguistic complexity.

Conclusions
Increased syntactic difficulty decreases use of morphology for all children, supporting the hypothesis that processing demands influence morphological accuracy. MLU-matched children, but not children with SLI, were more affected by changes in linguistic complexity. Further work on age-related changes in sentence production is necessary.
Fire regimes in north‐eastern Cambodian monsoonal forests, with a 9300‐year sediment charcoal record
Authors: Maxwell Andrew L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim  To provide insights concerning changes in fire regime in north‐eastern Cambodia over the course of the Holocene, and discuss implications of these long‐term data for fire management in the present day.Location  Southern Ratanakiri Province, north‐eastern Cambodia. The lake sites sampled here are embedded in a mosaic of mostly open, strongly deciduous dipterocarp forest, with patches of riparian, semi‐evergreen and evergreen forests.Methods  Background information on the environmental and cultural setting comes from informal and semi‐structured interviews of local villagers to determine present‐day burning patterns and customs. Primary data come from analysis of changes in charcoal concentration within sediments from small, closed basin lakes. Charcoal data are compared with changes in pollen and sediment physical characteristics, and to present‐day local customs, to infer or speculate on changes in human use of fire.Results  Interviews with local people reveal two general types of human‐induced fires, one type for swidden cultivation in denser forests, the other type for clearance of ground layer vegetation in more open forests. A 9300‐year sediment record of microscopic charcoal deposition shows strongest fire activity ending by 8000 years ago, and the remainder of the early Holocene reflecting a strong summer monsoon and low fire activity. Beginning c. 5500 years ago, forest disturbance and fire activity increased. A subtle change in the record at c. 3500 years ago and more marked change at c. 2500 years ago suggest that fire frequency, and maybe human control over fire, became more important during that period and continuing up to the present.Main conclusions  With this type of empirical data from only one site, it is impossible to make accurate conclusions about long‐term human impacts from burning. However, this record does show that present‐day charcoal input from fire activity is among the lowest for the last 9300 years. Considered together with other changes in the record and with present‐day customs, there is a suggestion that anthropogenic fire is an adaptation to the monsoonal environment, and may be conservative of forest cover in open forest formations. This long‐term perspective on the role of indigenous land‐use customs in landscape evolution should be considered in forest management and biological conservation, as it differs significantly from the traditional rationale for policies of fire suppression in tropical forests.
Cytochrome
c
polymerization by successive domain swapping at the C-terminal helix
Authors: Hirota Shun , Hattori Yoko , Nagao Satoshi , Taketa Midori , Komori Hirofumi , Kamikubo Hironari , Wang Zhonghua , Takahashi Isao , Negi Shigeru , Sugiura Yukio , Kataoka Mikio , Higuchi Yoshiki 
Published: July 2010

Cytochrome
c
(cyt
c
) is a stable protein that functions in a monomeric state as an electron donor for cytochrome
c
oxidase. It is also released to the cytosol when permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane occurs at the early stage of apoptosis. For nearly half a century, it has been known that cyt
c
forms polymers, but the polymerization mechanism remains unknown. We found that cyt
c
forms polymers by successive domain swapping, where the C-terminal helix is displaced from its original position in the monomer and Met-heme coordination is perturbed significantly. In the crystal structures of dimeric and trimeric cyt
c
, the C-terminal helices are replaced by the corresponding domain of other cyt
c
molecules and Met80 is dissociated from the heme. The solution structures of dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric cyt
c
were linear based on small-angle X-ray scattering measurements, where the trimeric linear structure shifted toward the cyclic structure by addition of PEG and (NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
. The absorption and CD spectra of high-order oligomers (∼40 mer) were similar to those of dimeric and trimeric cyt
c
but different from those of monomeric cyt
c
. For dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric cyt
c
, the Δ
H
of the oligomer dissociation to monomers was estimated to be about -20 kcal/mol per protomer unit, where Met-heme coordination appears to contribute largely to Δ
H
. The present results suggest that cyt
c
polymerization occurs by successive domain swapping, which may be a common mechanism of protein polymerization.
Structural basis for the wobbler mouse neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutation in the Vps54 subunit of the GARP complex
Authors: Pérez-Victoria F. Javier , Abascal-Palacios Guillermo , Tascón Igor , Kajava Andrey , Magadán Javier G. , Pioro Erik P. , Bonifacino Juan S. , Hierro Aitor 
Published: July 2010

The multisubunit Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex is required for tethering and fusion of endosome-derived transport vesicles to the
trans
-Golgi network. Mutation of leucine-967 to glutamine in the Vps54 subunit of GARP is responsible for spinal muscular atrophy in the wobbler mouse, an animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The crystal structure at 1.7 Å resolution of the mouse Vps54 C-terminal fragment harboring leucine-967, in conjunction with comparative sequence analysis, reveals that Vps54 has a continuous α-helical bundle organization similar to that of other multisubunit tethering complexes. The structure shows that leucine-967 is buried within the α-helical bundle through predominantly hydrophobic interactions that are critical for domain stability and folding in vitro. Mutation of this residue to glutamine does not prevent integration of Vps54 into the GARP complex but greatly reduces the half-life and levels of the protein in vivo. Severely reduced levels of mutant Vps54 and, consequently, of the whole GARP complex underlie the phenotype of the wobbler mouse.
Long-lived quantum coherence in photosynthetic complexes at physiological temperature
Authors: Panitchayangkoon Gitt , Hayes Dugan , Fransted Kelly A. , Caram Justin R. , Harel Elad , Wen Jianzhong , Blankenship Robert E. , Engel Gregory S. 
Published: July 2010

Photosynthetic antenna complexes capture and concentrate solar radiation by transferring the excitation to the reaction center that stores energy from the photon in chemical bonds. This process occurs with near-perfect quantum efficiency. Recent experiments at cryogenic temperatures have revealed that coherent energy transfer—a wave-like transfer mechanism—occurs in many photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes. Using the Fenna–Matthews–Olson antenna complex (FMO) as a model system, theoretical studies incorporating both incoherent and coherent transfer as well as thermal dephasing predict that environmentally assisted quantum transfer efficiency peaks near physiological temperature; these studies also show that this mechanism simultaneously improves the robustness of the energy transfer process. This theory requires long-lived quantum coherence at room temperature, which never has been observed in FMO. Here we present evidence that quantum coherence survives in FMO at physiological temperature for at least 300 fs, long enough to impact biological energy transport. These data prove that the wave-like energy transfer process discovered at 77 K is directly relevant to biological function. Microscopically, we attribute this long coherence lifetime to correlated motions within the protein matrix encapsulating the chromophores, and we find that the degree of protection afforded by the protein appears constant between 77 K and 277 K. The protein shapes the energy landscape and mediates an efficient energy transfer despite thermal fluctuations.
Mental Health Law: An Idea whose Time has Passed
Authors: Rosenman Stephen 
Published: July 2010

In this paper I argue that specific mental health law should not exist and should be replaced by modern guardianship law which is non-discriminatory and which intervenes according to need rather than diagnostic classification. Substituted consent provided by a guardian protects the patient and the treatment provider. Custody to prevent danger to others should remain with courts rather than informal proceedings where individual rights to freedom are less carefully protected. Special mental health law stigmatises people with mental illness and degrades their treatment. It also diminishes the standing of the psychiatric profession which advocates the continuation of such laws.
Identities involving the coefficients of a class of Dirichlet series. VII
Authors: Berndt Bruce C. 
Published: July 2010

Let

a
(
n
)

a(n)

be an arithmetical function, and consider the Riesz sum

A
ρ

(
x
)
=

Σ

n
≤
x

a
(
n
)

(
x
−
n

)
ρ

{A_\rho }(x) = {\Sigma _{n \leq x}}a(n){(x - n)^\rho }

. For

a
(
n
)

a(n)

belonging to a certain class of arithmetical functions,

A
ρ

(
x
)

{A_\rho }(x)

can be expressed in terms of an infinite series of Bessel functions. K. Chandrasekharan and R. Narasimhan have established this identity for the widest known range of

ρ
\rho

. Their proof depends upon equi-convergence theory of trigonometric series. An alternate proof is given here which uses only the classical theory of Bessel functions.
Approximate isometries on finite dimensional Banach spaces
Authors: Bourgin Richard D. 
Published: July 2010

A map

T
:

E

1

→

E

2

T:{{\mathbf {E}}_1} \to {{\mathbf {E}}_2}

(

E

1

,

E

2

{{\mathbf {E}}_1},{{\mathbf {E}}_2}

Banach spaces) is an

ϵ
\epsilon

-isometry if

|

|

|

T
(
X
)
−
T
(
Y
)

|

|

−

|

|

X
−
Y

|

|

|

⩽
ϵ

|\;||T(X) - T(Y)|| - ||X - Y||\;| \leqslant \epsilon

whenever

X
,
Y
∈

E

1

X,Y \in {{\mathbf {E}}_1}

. The problem of uniformly approximating such maps by isometries was first raised by Hyers and Ulam in 1945 and subsequently studied for special infinite dimensional Banach spaces. This question is here broached for the class of finite dimensional Banach spaces. The only positive homogeneous candidate isometry

U
U

approximating a given

ϵ
\epsilon

-isometry

T
T

is defined by the formal limit

U
(
X
)
=

lim

r
→
∞

r

−
1

T
(
r
X
)

U(X) = {\lim _{r \to \infty }}{r^{ - 1}}T(rX)

. It is shown that, whenever

T
:

E

→

E

T:{\mathbf {E}} \to {\mathbf {E}}

is a surjective

ϵ
\epsilon

-isometry and

E

{\mathbf {E}}

is a finite dimensional Banach space for which the set of extreme points of the unit ball is totally disconnected, then this limit exists. When

E

=

ℓ
1
k

(
=
k
- dimensional

ℓ
1

)

{\mathbf {E}} = \ell _1^k( = k \text {- dimensional}\; {\ell _1})

a uniform bound of uniform approximation is obtained for surjective

ϵ
\epsilon

-isometries by isometries; this bound varies linearly in

ϵ
\epsilon

and with

k
3

{k^3}

.
Cloud-Coffee: implementation of a parallel consistency-based multiple alignment algorithm in the T-Coffee package and its benchmarking on the Amazon Elastic-Cloud
Authors: Di Tommaso Paolo , Orobitg Miquel , Guirado Fernando , Cores Fernado , Espinosa Toni , Notredame Cedric 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Summary: We present the first parallel implementation of the T-Coffee consistency-based multiple aligner. We benchmark it on the Amazon Elastic Cloud (EC2) and show that the parallelization procedure is reasonably effective. We also conclude that for a web server with moderate usage (10K hits/month) the cloud provides a cost-effective alternative to in-house deployment.
Availability: T-Coffee is a freeware open source package available from http://www.tcoffee.org/homepage.html
Contact: cedric.notredame@crg.es
MamPhEA: a web tool for mammalian phenotype enrichment analysis
Authors: Weng Meng-Pin , Liao Ben-Yang 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Summary: MamPhEA is a web application dedicated to understanding functional properties of mammalian gene sets based on mouse-mutant phenotypes. It allows users to conduct enrichment analysis on predefined or user-defined phenotypes, gives users the option to specify phenotypes derived from null mutations, produces easily comprehensible results and supports analyses on genes of all mammalian species with a fully sequenced genome.
Availability: http://evol.nhri.org.tw/MamPhEA/
Contact: liaoby@nhri.org.tw
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Lumbar Intrathecal Administration of the Quaternary Lidocaine Derivative, QX-314, Produces Irritation and Death in Mice
Authors: Schwarz Stephan K. W. , Cheung Helen M.-C. , Ries Craig R. , Lee Sang Mook , Wang Jimmy T. C. , MacLeod Bernard A. 
Published: July 2010

Background
We recently found that peripheral administration of the quaternary lidocaine derivative, QX-314, produces long-lasting sensory and motor blockade in animals. The goal of this study was to test whether intrathecal QX-314 has similar properties.

Methods
We conducted a randomized, double-controlled, blinded study with female CD-1 mice. Animals in the treatment group received lumbar intrathecal QX-314 (0.5-10 mM; volume, 2 microl; each concentration, n = 6). Normal saline and lidocaine (70 mM) served as negative and positive controls (each group, n = 12), respectively. Animals were tested for up to 3 h for lumbosacral neural blockade and observed for adverse effects.

Results
No animal injected with saline and 11 of 12 (92%) animals injected with lidocaine displayed reversible lumbosacral motor blockade (P < 0.001). QX-314 (5 mM) produced motor blockade in four of the six (67%) and sensory blockade in five of the six animals (83%; P < 0.05 vs. saline). However, six of the six mice (100%) at 5 mM QX-314 and five of the six (83%) at 10 mM exhibited marked irritation; one of the six animals at 5 mM (17%) and two of the six at 10 mM (33%) died. We observed no neural blockade without adverse effects in any animal injected with QX-314. All animals injected with saline and 11 of the 12 (92%) animals injected with lidocaine demonstrated normal behavior.

Conclusion
Lumbar intrathecal QX-314 concentration-dependently produced irritation and death in mice, at lower concentrations than those associated with robust motor blockade. Although QX-314 did produce long-lasting neural blockade, these findings indicate that QX-314 is unlikely to be a suitable candidate for spinal anesthesia in humans.
Visual P2–N2 Complex and Arousal at the Time of Encoding Predict the Time Domain Characteristics of Amnesia for Multiple Intravenous Anesthetic Drugs in Humans
Authors: Pryor Kane O. , Reinsel Ruth A. , Mehta Meghana , Li Yuelin , Wixted John T. , Veselis Robert A. 
Published: July 2010

Background
Intravenous anesthetics have marked effects on memory function, even at subclinical concentrations. Fundamental questions remain in characterizing anesthetic amnesia and identifying affected system-level processes. The authors applied a mathematical model to evaluate time-domain components of anesthetic amnesia in human subjects.

Methods
Sixty-one volunteers were randomized to receive propofol (n = 12), thiopental (n = 13), midazolam (n = 12), dexmedetomidine (n = 12), or placebo (n = 12). With drug present, subjects encoded pictures into memory using a 375-item continuous recognition task, with subsequent recognition later probed with drug absent. Memory function was sampled at up to 163 time points and modeled over the time domain using a two-parameter, first-order negative power function. The parietal event-related P2-N2 complex was derived from electroencephalography, and arousal was repeatedly sampled. Each drug was evaluated at two concentrations.

Results
The negative power function consistently described the course of amnesia (mean R = 0.854), but there were marked differences between drugs in the modulation of individual components (P < 0.0001). Initial memory strength was a function of arousal (P = 0.005), whereas subsequent decay was related to the reaction time (P < 0.0001) and the P2-N2 complex (P = 0.007/0.002 for discrete components).

Conclusions
In humans, the amnesia caused by multiple intravenous anesthetic drugs is characterized by arousal-related effects on initial trace strength, and a subsequent decay predicted by attenuation of the P2-N2 complex at encoding. The authors propose that the failure of normal memory consolidation follows drug-induced disruption of interregional synchrony critical for neuronal plasticity and discuss their findings in the framework of memory systems theory.