bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Normal Cerebral Perfusion Patterns and White Matter Lesion Distribution in 1,249 Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Holland Christopher M. , Charil Arnaud , Csapo Istvan , Liptak Zsuzsanna , Ichise Masanori , Khoury Samia J. , Bakshi Rohit , Weiner Howard L. , Guttmann Charles R.G. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe pathological differences underlying the clinical disease phases in multiple sclerosis (MS) are poorly characterized. We sought to explore the relationship between the distribution of white matter (WM) lesions in relapsing‐remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) MS and the normal regional variability of cerebral perfusion.METHODSWM lesions were identified and quantified on a single magnetic resonance imaging scan from 1,249 patients with MS. The spatial distribution of lesions was compared between early RR, late RR, and SP MS in the context of normal cerebral perfusion patterns provided by a single‐photon emission‐computed tomography atlas of healthy individuals.RESULTSPatients with SP MS had more distinct and larger lesions than patients with RR MS. Across all subjects, lesions were present in regions of relatively lower normal perfusion than normal appearing WM. Further, lesions in SP MS were more common in areas of lower perfusion as compared to the lesion distribution in early and late RR MS.CONCLUSIONChronic plaques were more prevalent in WM regions with lower relative perfusion. Lesions in more highly perfused regions were more commonly observed in early RR MS and therefore, may be more likely to successfully remyelinate and resolve. J Neuroimaging 2012;22:129–136.
A Phase‐Contrast MRI Study of Acute and Chronic Hydrodynamic Alterations after Hydrocephalus Induced by Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Saliou Guillaume , Paradot Gaelle , Gondry Catherine , Bouzerar Roger , Lehmann Pierre , Meyers Marc Etienne , Gars Daniel Le , Deramond Hervé , Balédent Olivier 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo determine acute intracranial hydrodynamic changes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) via phase‐contrast MRI (PC‐MRI) analysis of the CSF stroke volume in the aqueduct (SVaq) and the foramen magnum (SVfm).METHODSA prospective PC‐MRI study was performed on 34 SAH patients in the acute and late phase. Data on CSF flow and hemorrhage site were analyzed according to acute or chronic hydrocephalus (HC).RESULTSIn the acute phase, CSF analysis was performed for 31 patients, 12 of whom presented HC. All 12 had an abnormal SVaq; those with communicating HC (n = 7) had an elevated SV and those with noncommunicating HC (n = 5) had a nil SV. None of the patients with a normal SVaq (n = 11) developed acute HC. Intraventricular bleeding led to more cases of acute HC (P = .005), which was communicating in 58% of cases. In the chronic phase, CSF analysis was performed for 27 patients, 7 of whom presented HC. None of these 7 patients displayed a depressed SVaq.CONCLUSIONSAH led to changes in cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics in the majority of patients. Acute HC was communicating in most cases, even when there was intraventricular bleeding. In the late phase, all chronic HC were communicating and did not display aqueductal stenosis.
Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Angiography Scans on 1.5, 3, and 7 Tesla Units: A Quantitative Study of 3‐Dimensional Cerebrovasculature
Authors: Nowinski Wieslaw L. , Puspitasaari Fiftarina , Volkau Ihar , Marchenko Yevgen , Knopp Michael V. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough multiple studies demonstrate benefits of high field imaging of cerebrovasculature, a detailed quantitative analysis of complete cerebrovascular system is unavailable. To compare quality of MR angiography (MRA) acquisitions at various field strengths, we used 3‐dimensional (3D) geometric cerebrovascular models extracted from 1.5T/3T/7T scans.METHODSThe 3D cerebrovascular models were compared in volume, length, and number of branches. A relationship between the vascular length and volume was statistically derived. Acquisition performance was benchmarked against the maximum volume at infinitive length.RESULTSThe numbers of vessels discernible on 1.5T/3T/7T are 138/363/907. 3T shows 3.3(1.9) and 7T 1.2(9.1) times more arteries (veins) than 1.5T. The vascular lengths and volumes at 1.5T/3T/7T are 3.7/12.5/22.7 m and 15.8/26.6/28.0 cm3. For arteries: 3T‐1.5T gain is very high in length, high in volume; 7T‐3T gain is medium in length, small in volume. For veins: 3T‐1.5T gain is moderate in length, high in volume; 7T‐3T gain is very high in length, moderate in volume. 1.5T shows merely half of vascular volume. At 3T 6%, while at 7T only 1% of vascular volume is missing.CONCLUSIONOur approach differs from standard approaches based on visual assessment and signal (contrast)‐to‐noise ratio. It also measures absolute acquisition performance, provides a unique length‐volume relationship, and predicts length/volume for intermediate teslages.
Decrease in Cerebral and Cerebellar Gray Matter in Essential Tremor: A Voxel‐Based Morphometric Analysis under 3T MRI
Authors: Bagepally Bhavani Shankara , Bhatt Maya Dattatraya , Chandran Vijay , Saini Jitender , Bharath Rose Dawn , Vasudev MK , Prasad Chandrajit , Yadav Ravi , Pal Pramod Kumar 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThough routine neuroimaging is usually normal in essential tremor (ET) there is clinical evidence of widespread involvement of central nervous system. This study aimed at determining morphological changes in brain of patients with ET using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analysis and also compare the subtypes of ET.METHODSClinical and imaging data of 20 patients (5 women, 15 men; mean age 38.2 ± 16.5 years) of ET were collected prospectively. To determine areas of gray matter (GM) atrophy, T1W volumetric MRI data of patients were compared with 17 matched control subjects using VBM analysis with Statistical Parametric Mapping 5.RESULTSCompared to controls, patients showed scattered areas of cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Voxel‐wise analysis of patients with and without head tremor showed widespread areas of GM atrophy in cerebral hemispheres of patients with head tremor. No difference was observed between the familial and nonfamilial subgroups of ET. Multiple regression analysis revealed relationship between GM atrophy and tremor severity score.CONCLUSIONSPatients with ET showed widespread areas of atrophy in both cerebellum and cerebral GM, which supports the current concept of the progressive and diffuse nature of ET. Patients with additional head tremor may represent a distinct subgroup of ET.
Trabajadores del cuidado en la Argentina. En el cruce entre el orden laboral y los servicios de cuidado
Authors: ESQUIVEL Valeria 
Published: March 2011

Resumen.Una tercera parte de las mujeres ocupadas de la Argentina y sólo un 3 por ciento de los hombres ocupados son trabajadores del cuidado. Su remuneración relativa y sus condiciones de trabajo en general dependen de las normas laborales y de su cumplimiento efectivo. Pero también dependen, en gran medida, de cómo está organizada la prestación de los servicios de cuidado. Entre los factores que determinan esta prestación se encuentran la propia participación del Estado y de otros actores en la provisión de servicios, y el ámbito en que se prestan (sea institucional o de otro tipo, por ejemplo, el hogar). Tras comparar dos ocupaciones dedicadas al cuidado de niños (la educación inicial y el servicio doméstico), la autora sostiene que las diferencias que hay entre las mismas radican en el cruce del orden laboral con la organización de los servicios de cuidado.
Labor de cuidado en la India y dificultades de los trabajadores domésticos y de Anganwadi
Authors: PALRIWALA Rajni , NEETHA N. 
Published: March 2011

Resumen.Las autoras analizan la concepción que tienen del trabajo de cuidado los poderes públicos y la sociedad de la India. Estudian para ello dos categorías del sector de la asistencia: los empleados domésticos y las trabajadoras del sistema Anganwadi (que forman parte del Programa de Desarrollo Integral del Niño). A pesar de que son consideradas como «voluntarias»— no asalariadas —, estas últimas disfrutan de cierta posición social y de un grado de sindicación mayor que los empleados domésticos. Además, éstos han de hacer concesiones más difíciles para asegurar su subsistencia y, a la vez, satisfacer las necesidades cotidianas de sus familias. No obstante, la infravaloración económica del trabajo asistencial es común a ambas categorías de trabajadores.
Enfermería y cuidados a domicilio en Tanzanía. Una atención discontinua
Authors: MEENA Ruth 
Published: March 2011

Resumen.La atención sanitaria a domicilio (sobre todo la prestada por personas ajenas al hogar) es un alivio al fardo que impone a las familias de la República Unida de Tanzanía el cuidado de sus miembros afectados por el VIH/SIDA. También sirve para aligerar los problemas que sufre el sistema sanitario público, muy debilitado por la demanda de asistencia que genera la pandemia y por la falta acuciante de recursos. La labor de los cuidadores domiciliarios se sitúa entre el trabajo no retribuido y el trabajo pagado, en una cadena plagada de lagunas debido al mal funcionamiento, al exceso de trabajo de los profesionales y a una escasez grave de personal.
Pregnancy‐related pelvic pain is more frequent in women with increased body mass index
Authors: BIERING KARIN , NØHR ELLEN AAGAARD , OLSEN JØRN , ANDERSEN ANNE‐MARIE NYBO , HJØLLUND NIELS HENRIK , JUHL METTE 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective. To investigate the association between pre‐pregnancy overweight/obesity and pregnancy‐related pelvic pain. Design: Nested case‐control study. Setting and population. The Danish National Birth Cohort, a cohort of pregnant women and their children recruited 1996–2002. Methods. The women were interviewed twice during pregnancy and twice after childbirth. The first pregnancy interview provided information on self‐reported pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and possible confounders, while data on pregnancy‐related pelvic pain came from an interview six months postpartum. Cases (n=2 271) were selected on the basis of self‐reported pelvic pain, and controls were randomly selected among women who did not report pelvic pain (n=2 649). We used logistic regression analysis to calculate pregnancy‐related pelvic pain odds ratios (OR (95% confidence intervals)) according to pre‐pregnant BMI. Main outcome measure. Self‐reported pregnancy‐related pelvic pain. Results. In the total cohort, 18.5% of all pregnant women reported pregnancy‐related pelvic pain. In the nested case‐control study, the adjusted ORs for overall pelvic pain were 0.9 (0.7–1.2) in underweight women, 1.2 (1.1–1.4) in overweight women, 1.5 (1.2–2.0) in obese women Class 1 (30≤BMI<35), and 1.9 (1.3–2.8) in obese women Class 2 + 3 (BMI≥35), all relative to normal weight women. The correspondent ORs for severe pelvic pain were 0.8 (0.6–1.2), 1.4 (1.2–1.7), 1.7 (1.3–2.2), and 2.3 (1.6–3.4). The associations were stronger among women who had not given birth before. Conclusion. The risk of pregnancy‐related pelvic pain increased with pre‐pregnancy BMI in an exposure–response relation and potentially adds another maternal complication to obesity.
Automatic detection of basal cell carcinoma using telangiectasia analysis in dermoscopy skin lesion images
Authors: Cheng Beibei , Erdos David , Stanley Ronald J. , Stoecker William V. , Calcara David A. , Gómez David D. 
Published: March 2011

Background: Telangiectasia, dilated blood vessels near the surface of the skin of small, varying diameter, are critical dermoscopy structures used in the detection of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Distinguishing these vessels from other telangiectasia, that are commonly found in sun‐damaged skin, is challenging.Methods: Image analysis techniques are investigated to find vessels structures in BCC automatically. The primary screen for vessels uses an optimized local color drop technique. A noise filter is developed to eliminate false‐positive structures, primarily bubbles, hair, and blotch and ulcer edges. From the telangiectasia mask containing candidate vessel‐like structures, shape, size and normalized count features are computed to facilitate the discrimination of benign skin lesions from BCCs with telangiectasia.Results: Experimental results yielded a diagnostic accuracy as high as 96.7% using a neural network classifier for a data set of 59 BCCs and 152 benign lesions for skin lesion discrimination based on features computed from the telangiectasia masks.Conclusion: In current clinical practice, it is possible to find smaller BCCs by dermoscopy than by clinical inspection. Although almost all of these small BCCs have telangiectasia, they can be short and thin. Normalization of lengths and areas helps to detect these smaller BCCs.
The influence of stratum corneum hydration on body fat determination by bioelectrical impedance analysis
Authors: Clarys Peter , Deriemaeker P. , Clijsen R. , Taeymans J. , Aerenhouts D. , Barel A. O. 
Published: March 2011

Background/aims: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is used for the estimation of the amount of body fat. We evaluated the influence of the stratum corneum hydration at the contact areas used for BIA on the body fat estimation.
Methods: Stratum corneum hydration was measured at the sole of the right foot and the palm of the right hand before and after contact with the Tanita Body Composition Analyzer TBF 410® and the Omron Body Fat Analyzer®, (n=128 females and 126 males), respectively. Changes in stratum corneum hydration during the contact time were calculated (ΔHYD). As a gold standard for body fat estimation, the underwater weighing method (UWW) was used and the deviation of this standard was calculated for the Tanita (DT) and the Omron (DO) measurement.
Results: During contact with the Tanita, stratum corneum hydration increased significantly at the foot. Neither stratum corneum hydration measured at the respective contact sites before BIA nor ΔHYD at the respective skin sites was related to DT or with DO.
Conclusion: The BIA measuring procedure using the Tanita instrument leads to an occlusive effect at the contact site. BIA for the determination of body composition is not influenced by stratum corneum hydration.
Teaching the Net Generation without Leaving the Rest of Us Behind: How Technology in the Classroom Influences Student Composition
Authors: MOODY RUTH H. , BOBIC MICHAEL P. 
Published: March 2011

Today's entering college students have the advantage of a lifetime of computer use. Education scholars and professionals claim that such exposure makes these students the most prepared ever to enter college. It cannot be argued that the advent of the Web, and Web 2.0 has placed at students' fingertips great works of literature, art, and science. It also cannot be argued that despite all this opportunity, students enter college writing with less precision than at any time in the last century. The two facts are reconcilable because (1) students map the world of technology differently than we do; and (2) they live in a digital culture different from our own. Until we understand that our perception of computers and technology is vastly different from our students, we cannot understand why they do what they do, and they will never understand what we want of them. This article argues that unless we change our pedagogy of technology, students and faculty will continue to be frustrated at poor performance, plagiarism, and misunderstandings about what each expects of the other.Los estudiantes que entran a la universidad en el siglo XXI tienen una ventaja sobre sus colegas de hace una década porque tienen toda una vida usando el computador. Académicos y profesionales afirman que dicha exposición convierte a estos estudiantes en los mejor preparados para entrar a la universidad. No puede ser negado que la llegada del internet y de la web 2.0 ha colocado al alcance de los estudiantes grandes obras de literatura, arte y ciencia. Tampoco puede ser negado que, a pesar de todas estas oportunidades, los estudiantes entran a la universidad escribiendo con menor precisión que cualquier otro momento en el último siglo. Ambos hechos son compatibles porque: (1) los estudiantes interpretan el mundo de la tecnología de forma diferente a nosotros, y (2) ellos viven en una cultura digital diferente a la nuestra. Hasta que comprendamos que nuestra percepción de las computadoras y la tecnología es diferente a la de nuestros estudiantes, no comprenderemos porque hacen lo que hacen, y ellos nunca comprenderán lo que queremos de ellos. Este artículo sugiere que, a menos que cambiemos nuestra pedagogía de la tecnología, estudiantes y profesores continuarán frustrados por el bajo rendimiento, plagio y malentendidos acerca de lo que cada uno espera del otro.
Selective Media Exposure and Partisan Differences about Sarah Palin's Candidacy
Authors: JONES DAVID A. , FERRAIOLO KATHLEEN , BYRNE JENNIFER 
Published: March 2011

In today's fragmented media environment, citizens have an enhanced ability to select information outlets that match their preexisting political beliefs and avoid information sources that clash. This modern version of “selective exposure” means that citizens can more easily isolate themselves from perspectives unlike their own. In this article, we employed a quasi‐experimental design to test (1) the extent to which subjects selectively exposed themselves to opinion articles that were congenial to their presumed predispositions about Sarah Palin and (2) whether selective exposure reinforced these predispositions, thereby magnifying differences between Republicans and Democrats. We found that subjects did indeed tend to engage in selective exposure. And among those who did, there was evidence of reinforcement. Interestingly, there was evidence of persuasion among the relatively few subjects who exposed themselves to sources that ran counter to their predispositions.En el ambiente fragmentado de los medios de comunicación actuales los ciudadanos tienen una mayor habilidad de seleccionar medios de comunicación que sean compatibles con sus creencias políticas preexistentes y evitar fuentes de información incompatibles. Esta versión moderna de la “exposición selectiva” permite que los ciudadanos puedan aislarse más fácilmente de perspectivas contrarias a la propia. En este artículo, empleamos un diseño cuasi‐experimental para examinar: (1) la medida en la que los sujetos selectivamente se exponen a artículos de opinión que congenien con sus predisposiciones acerca de Sarah Palin y (2) si la exposición selectiva refuerza esta opinión, por lo tanto magnificando las diferencias entre Republicanos y Demócratas. Encontramos que los sujetos efectivamente tienden a emplear una exposición selectiva. Y entre aquellos que lo hacen, hay evidencia del reforzamiento de dicha opinión. Curiosamente, hubo evidencia de persuasión entre los sujetos que se expusieron a fuentes contrarias a su ideología.
Voter Information, Voter Participation, and the North Carolina Judicial Election Reforms: The Views of the Voters
Authors: REID TRACIEL V. , MOOG ROBERT S. 
Published: March 2011

Drawing upon our voter survey, recent election results, voter roll‐off, and campaign finances, this study's findings join an expanding body of research that questions the shift away from partisan to nonpartisan judicial elections. Specifically, this article examines voter information about and voter participation in North Carolina's appellate races in light of its move to nonpartisan elections combined with mandated distribution of voter guides. Some findings were expected: the voter guides were well received, party affiliation remained important in these races, and voter roll‐off increased significantly. Competition did not appear to affect roll‐off in the races analyzed in this article. The most surprising finding was that a strong majority of our survey respondents wanted candidates' party affiliation back on the ballot, even though surveys have cited strong public support for “nonpartisan” judicial elections.Basándonos en nuestra encuesta electoral, resultados de elecciones recientes, participación electoral, y las finanzas de las campañas, los resultados de este estudio se suman a un creciente cuerpo de investigación que cuestiona el cambio de elecciones judiciales partidistas a no partidistas. Específicamente, este artículo examina la información electoral y participación de los votantes en las contiendas de cortes de apelaciones de Carolina del Norte en vista de su movimiento a elecciones no partidistas combinado con una distribución obligatoria de guías para el votante. Algunas conclusiones fueron esperadas: las guías fueron bien recibidas, la afiliación al partido continuó siendo importante en estas contiendas, y la participación electoral incrementó significativamente. La competencia no pareció afectar al número de votantes en las contiendas analizadas en este artículo. El resultado más sorpresivo fue que la gran mayoría de nuestros encuestados querían la afiliación partidista de los candidatos de vuelta en las boletas, aun cuando diversas encuestas han mencionado un fuerte apoyo del público a las elecciones judiciales “no partidistas.”
State Intervention and Subjective Well‐Being in Advanced Industrial Democracies
Authors: FLAVIN PATRICK , PACEK ALEXANDER C. , RADCLIFF BENJAMIN 
Published: March 2011

While there is a vast and contentious literature devoted to the debate over “politics versus markets,” scholars have devoted little empirical attention to the fundamental question of how the choice between these two approaches to public policy affects the overall quality of human life. Contending arguments make powerful claims for the superiority of each as the best mechanism for generating and distributing well‐being. We attempt an empirical appraisal of this issue, using the extent to which individuals find their lives to be satisfying as an evaluative metric. Considering individual levels of life satisfaction in advanced industrial democracies using the most recent wave of survey data from the World Values Survey, we find that citizens are more satisfied with their lives as the level of state intervention into the market economy increases.Aunque existe una vasta y polémica literatura dedicada al debate acerca de “política contra el mercado,” los académicos han dedicado poca atención empírica a la pregunta fundamental de cómo la elección entre estos dos enfoques en las políticas públicas afectan en conjunto la calidad de la vida humana. Argumentos opuestos hacen fuertes afirmaciones sobre la superioridad de cada uno como el mejor mecanismo para generar y distribuir el bienestar. Utilizando los niveles de satisfacción de los individuos como sistema de medición, intentamos realizar una evaluación empírica de este tema. Considerando los niveles individuales de satisfacción de vida en democracias avanzadas industriales y utilizando la más reciente oleada de datos en encuestas del World Values Survey, encontramos que los ciudadanos están mas satisfechos con sus vidas a medida que el nivel de intervención del estado en el mercado aumenta.