bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate Cancer: Value of Transrectal Computed Ultrasound Tomography (TRCUT) in Targeted Biopsy Guidance when the Repeat or Random Biopsies Indicated: Early Experience
Authors: Elwagdy Salah , Ramadan Reda , Salem Tamer , Elhakim Samy , Helali Ismail El , Samir Faten 
Published: December 2010

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of transrectal computed ultrasound tomography (TRCUT) in localization and targeted biopsy for men who have been shown to be negative in the first biopsy guided by two-dimensional transrectal ultrasound (2D TRUS) but continue to have figures suggestive of prostate cancer, so as to minimize with confidence the number of core needle biopsies, especially when the repeat or random required. Materials and Methods Sixty-three patients aged 53–78 years (mean, 64.9 years) with suspected prostate cancer were enrolled when a repeat or random biopsy was indicated after at least one prostatic biopsy with negative findings. The 2D TRUS random (sextant) and TRCUT guided shot-biopsies were obtained. Imaging-biopsy consequences were finally compared with the post-operative findings and the histopathologic staging. Results TRCUT enabled display of the prostate gland in planes usually not obtainable at conventional 2D TRUS. Transverse and oblique thin cuts of TRCUT were more significant in all patients than other planes. Diagnostic performance of TRCUT imaging on prostate cancer localization for targeted biopsy proved an accuracy of 97.4% (P value = 0.001). TRCUT for bilateral disease detection proved an accuracy of 78.6% compared to the final post-operative pathology. Accuracy for identification of positive tumor margins proved 82.4%. Gleason score on final post-operative pathology was upgraded to 7, compared with a median score of 6 on imaging biopsies. Conclusion TRCUT guided target-biopsy of the prostate gland represents a technique with a higher rate of accuracy and can minimize the number of biopsy shots than using 2D TRUS in men who have high PSA levels and negative in the first biopsy procedure.
Efficacy and Safety of 10 mg Solifenacin Succinate in Patients with Overactive Bladder Syndrome: Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Pivotal Trial
Authors: Govier Fred E , Smith Neila , Uchida Takeshi 
Published: December 2010

Introduction This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, Phase III, pivotal trial investigated the efficacy and safety of solifenacin succinate 10 mg, a once-daily (OD) oral antimuscarinic agent, in overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). Materials and methods A total of 634 adult patients with OAB symptoms were randomized to either solifenacin 10 mg (n = 318) or placebo (n = 316) OD over 12 weeks, to examine changes from baseline in micturition-, incontinence-, urgency- and nocturia-episodes/24 hours, measured using a 3-day diary. Results Solifenacin significantly reduced the mean number of micturition-, urgency- and incontinence-episodes/24 hours at end of treatment ( P < 0.001 for all versus placebo); these improvements were observed at 4 weeks, and continued over 12 weeks. Adverse events were generally mild or moderate in severity and typically anticholinergic in nature. Conclusions Solifenacin 10 mg OD was well tolerated and effective in treating major OAB symptoms, including urinary incontinence, frequency and urgency.
No Association between Visfatin (NAMPT) Gene Variants and Metabolic Traits in the Newfoundland Population
Authors: Shea Jennifer L , Loredo-Osti JC , Sun Guang 
Published: December 2010

Objective Visfatin is a novel adipokine initially reported to exhibit insulin-mimetic effects that increase insulin sensitivity. Further studies indicate it may also be associated with obesity, serum lipids, and systemic inflammation. At the current time, the role of genetic variation in the visfatin gene (NAMPT) on these parameters is not clear. In the present study, we examined the association between 10 SNPs in NAMPT and insulin resistance, obesity, serum lipids and hsCRP levels. Research design and methods A total of 1838 subjects (413 men, 1425 women) were recruited from the ongoing CODING Study. All subjects were from the genetically homogenous population of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage (determined using DXA) were measured for all subjects. Serum glucose, insulin, HOMAIR, HOMAβ, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and hsCRP were also determined after a 12-hour fast. Ten SNPs in NAMPT were genotyped using TaqMan validated or functionally tested SNP genotyping assays including rs7789066 (A > G 5′ flanking region), rs3801266 (A > G intron), rs6963243 (G > C intron), rs2058539 (A > C intron), rs6947766 (C > T intron), rs4730153 (G > A intron), rs10808150 (G > A intron), rs2098291 (C > T intron), rs10953502 (T > C intron), and rs10953501 (A > G 3′ UTR). Results We observed no significant associations between any of the variants sites and any parameter of insulin resistance, body composition, serum lipids or hsCRP under an additive model with age and gender included as covariates. This was also true when both dominant and recessive models were applied. Conclusions Our results do not support a significant role for variations in NAMPT with differences in the measured variables in the Newfoundland population.
Overexpression of Colligin 2 in Glioma Vasculature is Associated with Overexpression of Heat shock Factor 2
Authors: Mustafa Dana A.M. , Sieuwerts Anieta M. , Zheng Ping Pin , Kros Johan M. 
Published: December 2010

In previous studies we found expression of the protein colligin 2 (heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), SERPINH1) in glioma neovasculature while not in normal brain tissue. Generally, the regulation of heat shock gene expression in eukaryotes is mediated by heat shock factors (HSF). In mammals, three heat shock transcription factors, HSF-1, -2, and -4, have been isolated. Here we investigated the relation between the expression of colligin 2 and these heat shock factors at the mRNA level using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) in different grades of astrocytic tumorigenesis, viz., low-grade glioma and glioblastoma. Endometrium samples, representing physiological angiogenesis, were included as controls. Since colligin 2 is a chaperon for collagens, the gene expression of collagen I ( COL1A1) was also investigated. The blood vessel density of the samples was monitored by expression of the endothelial marker CD31 ( PECAM1). Because NG2-immunopositive pericytic cells are involved in glioma neovascularization, the expression of NG2 ( CSPG4) was also measured. We demonstrate overexpression of HSF2 in both stages of glial tumorigenesis (reaching significance only in low-grade glioma) and also minor elevated levels of HSF1 as compared to normal brain. There were no differences in expression of HSF4 between low-grade glioma and normal brain while HSF4 was downregulated in glioblastoma. In the endometrium samples, none of the HSFs were upregulated. In the low-grade gliomas SERPINH appeared to be slightly overexpressed with a parallel 4-fold upregulation of COL1A1, while in glioblastoma there was over 5-fold overexpression of SERPINH1 and more than 150-fold overexpression of COL1A1. In both the low-grade gliomas and the glioblastomas overexpression of CSPG4 was found and overexpression of PECAM1 was only found in the latter. Our data suggest that the upregulated expression of colligin 2 in glioma is accompanied by upregulation of COL1A1, CSPG4, HSF2 and to a lesser extent, HSF1. Further studies will unravel the association of these factors with colligin 2 expression, possibly leading to keys for therapeutic intervention.
HO1 mRNA and Protein do not Change in Parallel in Bronchial Biopsies of Patients after Long Term Exposure to Sulfur Mustard
Authors: Nourani Mohammad Reza , Yazdani Samaneh , Roudkenar Mehryar Habibi , Ebrahimi Majid , Halabian Raheleh , Mirbagheri Leila , Ghanei Mostafa , Fooladi Abbas Ali Imani 
Published: December 2010

Sulfur mustard (SM), is an alkylating agent and has been emerged as a chemical weapon in various battlefields. More recently, SM was employed in the Iraq conflict against Iranian military forces and civilians. Nowadays there are more than 40,000 people suffering from pulmonary lesions special chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to mustard gas in Iran. SM causes the endogenous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Heme oxygenases (HOs) are the rate-limiting enzyme for heme metabolism. Numerous studies have confirmed that HOs are concerned in diverse biological processes such as anti-oxidation. The present study was undertaken to consider the regulation of HO-1 and HO-2 n the human airway wall, and to suggest a probable role that HOs may play in cellular defense against oxidative stress due to SM. In this research ten unexposed SM individuals and twenty SM exposed patients were included. Evaluation of HO-1& HO-2 expressions in unexposed and SM exposed patients samples was performed by semiquantitative RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR and Immunohistochemistry analysis. While unexposed SM samples expressed same levels of HOs, expression level of HO-1was upregulated about 3.58 ± 1.93 folds in SM exposed patients in comparison with unexposed ones, we could not find any difference in expression of HO-2 n two groups. In contrast, Immunohistochemistry results showed negative HO-1 protein expression in SM injured patients. Our results revealed that HO1 may plays an important role in cellular protection against oxidative stress due to mustard gas toxicity in airway wall of SM exposed patients at mRNA level, but translational modifications might cause decrease in the amount of HO1 protein.
Dual vs Single Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Obesity
Authors: Aymond Joshua D. , Sanchez Alexandra M. , Castine Michael R. , Bernard Michael L. , Khatib Sammy , Hiltbold A. Elise , Polin Glenn M. , Rogers Paul A. , Dominic Paari S. , Velasco-Gonzalez Cruz , Morin Daniel P. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceAtrial fibrillation and obesity are common, and both are increasing in prevalence. Obesity is associated with failure of cardioversion of atrial fibrillation using a standard single set of defibrillator pads, even at high output.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of dual direct-current cardioversion (DCCV) using 2 sets of pads, with each pair simultaneously delivering 200 J, with traditional single 200-J DCCV using 1 set of pads in patients with obesity and atrial fibrillation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a prospective, investigator-initiated, patient-blinded, randomized clinical trial spanning 3 years from August 2020 to 2023. As a multicenter trial, the setting included 3 sites in Louisiana. Eligibility criteria included body mass index (BMI) of 35 or higher (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), age 18 years or older, and planned nonemergent electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation. Patients who met inclusion criteria were randomized 1:1. Exclusions occurred due to spontaneous cardioversion, instability, thrombus, or BMI below threshold.InterventionsDual DCCV vs single DCCV.Main Outcomes and MeasuresReturn to sinus rhythm, regardless of duration, immediately after the first cardioversion attempt of atrial fibrillation, adverse cardiovascular events, and chest discomfort after the procedure.ResultsOf 2079 sequential patients undergoing cardioversion, 276 met inclusion criteria and were approached for participation. Of these, 210 participants were randomized 1:1. After exclusions, 200 patients (median [IQR] age, 67.6 [60.1-72.4] years; 127 male [63.5%]) completed the study. The mean (SD) BMI was 41.2 (6.5). Cardioversion was successful more often with dual DCCV compared with single DCCV (97 of 99 patients [98%] vs 87 of 101 patients [86%]; P = .002). Dual cardioversion predicted success (odds ratio, 6.7; 95% CI, 3.3-13.6; P = .01). Patients in the single cardioversion cohort whose first attempt failed underwent dual cardioversion with all subsequent attempts (up to 3 total), all of which were successful: 12 of 14 after second cardioversion and 2 of 14 after third cardioversion. There was no difference in the rating of postprocedure chest discomfort (median in both groups = 0 of 10; P = .40). There were no cardiovascular complications.Conclusions and RelevanceIn patients with obesity (BMI ≥35) undergoing electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation, dual DCCV results in greater cardioversion success compared with single DCCV, without any increase in complications or patient discomfort.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04539158
Trajectories of Gender Identity and Depressive Symptoms in Youths
Authors: Real André Gonzales , Lobato Maria Inês Rodrigues , Russell Stephen T. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceConcerns about the mental health of youths going through gender identity transitions have received increased attention. There is a need for empirical evidence to understand how transitions in self-reported gender identity are associated with mental health.ObjectiveTo examine whether and how often youths changed self-reported gender identities in a longitudinal sample of sexual and gender minority (SGM) youths, and whether trajectories of gender identity were associated with depressive symptoms.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from 4 waves (every 9 months) of a longitudinal community-based study collected in 2 large cities in the US (1 in the Northeast and 1 in the Southwest) between November 2011 and June 2015. Eligible participants included youths who self-identified as SGM from community-based agencies and college groups for SGM youths. Data analysis occurred from September 2022 to June 2023.ExposureGender identity trajectories and gender identity variability.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe Beck Depression Inventory for Youth (BDI-Y) assessed depressive symptoms. Gender identity variability was measured as the number of times participants’ gender identity changed. Hierarchical linear models investigated gender identity trajectories and whether gender identity variability was associated with depressive symptoms over time.ResultsAmong the 366 SGM youths included in the study (mean [SD] age, 18.61 [1.71] years; 181 [49.4%] assigned male at birth and 185 [50.6%] assigned female at birth), 4 gender identity trajectory groups were identified: (1) cisgender across all waves (274 participants ), (2) transgender or gender diverse (TGD) across all waves (32 participants), (3) initially cisgender but TGD by wave 4 (ie, cisgender to TGD [28 participants]), and (4) initially TGD but cisgender by wave 4 (ie, TGD to cisgender [32 participants]). One in 5 youths (18.3%) reported a different gender identity over a period of approximately 3.5 years; 28 youths varied gender identity more than twice. The cisgender to TGD group reported higher levels of depression compared with the cisgender group at baseline (Β = 4.66; SE = 2.10; P = .03), but there was no statistical difference once exposure to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender violence was taken into account (Β = 3.31; SE = 2.36; P = .16). Gender identity variability was not associated with within-person change in depressive symptoms (Β = 0.23; SE = 0.74; P = .75) or the level of depressive symptoms (Β = 2.43; SE = 2.51; P = .33).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that gender identity can evolve among SGM youths across time and that changes in gender identity are not associated with changes in depressive symptoms. Further longitudinal work should explore gender identity variability and adolescent and adult health.
Transmission of Mental Disorders in Adolescent Peer Networks
Authors: Alho Jussi , Gutvilig Mai , Niemi Ripsa , Komulainen Kaisla , Böckerman Petri , Webb Roger T. , Elovainio Marko , Hakulinen Christian 
Published: May 2024

ImportancePrevious research indicates that mental disorders may be transmitted from one individual to another within social networks. However, there is a lack of population-based epidemiologic evidence that pertains to the full range of mental disorders.ObjectiveTo examine whether having classmates with a mental disorder diagnosis in the ninth grade of comprehensive school is associated with later risk of being diagnosed with a mental disorder.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn a population-based registry study, data on all Finnish citizens born between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 1997, whose demographic, health, and school information were linked from nationwide registers were included. Cohort members were followed up from August 1 in the year they completed ninth grade (approximately aged 16 years) until a diagnosis of mental disorder, emigration, death, or December 31, 2019, whichever occurred first. Data analysis was performed from May 15, 2023, to February 8, 2024.ExposureThe exposure was 1 or more individuals diagnosed with a mental disorder in the same school class in the ninth grade.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBeing diagnosed with a mental disorder during follow-up.ResultsAmong the 713 809 cohort members (median age at the start of follow-up, 16.1 [IQR, 15.9-16.4] years; 50.4% were males), 47 433 had a mental disorder diagnosis by the ninth grade. Of the remaining 666 376 cohort members, 167 227 persons (25.1%) received a mental disorder diagnosis during follow-up (7.3 million person-years). A dose-response association was found, with no significant increase in later risk of 1 diagnosed classmate (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02), but a 5% increase with more than 1 diagnosed classmate (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04-1.06). The risk was not proportional over time but was highest during the first year of follow-up, showing a 9% increase for 1 diagnosed classmate (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04-1.14), and an 18% increase for more than 1 diagnosed classmate (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13-1.24). Of the examined mental disorders, the risk was greatest for mood, anxiety, and eating disorders. Increased risk was observed after adjusting for an array of parental, school-level, and area-level confounders.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that mental disorders might be transmitted within adolescent peer networks. More research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the possible transmission of mental disorders.
Mutations in the tail and rod domains of the neurofilament heavy‐chain gene increase the risk of ALS
Authors: Marriott Heather , Spargo Thomas P. , Al Khleifat Ahmad , Andersen Peter M , Başak Nazli A. , Cooper‐Knock Johnathan , Corcia Philippe , Couratier Philippe , de Carvalho Mamede , Drory Vivian , Gotkine Marc , Landers John E. , McLaughlin Russell , Pardina Jesús S. Mora , Morrison Karen E. , Pinto Susana , Shaw Christopher E. , Shaw Pamela J. , Silani Vincenzo , Ticozzi Nicola , van Damme Philip , van den Berg Leonard H. , Vourc'h Patrick , Weber Markus , Veldink Jan H. ,   Project MinE ALS Sequencing Consortium, Dobson Richard J. , Schwab Patrick , Al‐Chalabi Ammar , Iacoangeli Alfredo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveNeurofilament heavy‐chain gene (NEFH) variants are associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases, however, their relationship with ALS has not been robustly explored. Still, NEFH is commonly included in genetic screening panels worldwide. We therefore aimed to determine if NEFH variants modify ALS risk.MethodsGenetic data of 11,130 people with ALS and 7,416 controls from the literature and Project MinE were analysed. We performed meta‐analyses of published case–control studies reporting NEFH variants, and variant analysis of NEFH in Project MinE whole‐genome sequencing data.ResultsFixed‐effects meta‐analysis found that rare (MAF <1%) missense variants in the tail domain of NEFH increase ALS risk (OR 4.55, 95% CI 2.13–9.71, p < 0.0001). In Project MinE, ultrarare NEFH variants increased ALS risk (OR 1.37 95% CI 1.14–1.63, p = 0.0007), with rod domain variants (mostly intronic) appearing to drive the association (OR 1.45 95% CI 1.18–1.77, pMadsen–Browning = 0.0007, pSKAT‐O = 0.003). While in the tail domain, ultrarare (MAF <0.1%) pathogenic missense variants were also associated with higher risk of ALS (OR 1.94, 95% CI 0.86–4.37, pMadsen–Browning = 0.039), supporting the meta‐analysis results. Finally, several tail in‐frame deletions were also found to affect disease risk, however, both protective and pathogenic deletions were found in this domain, highlighting an intricate architecture that requires further investigation.InterpretationWe showed that NEFH tail missense and in‐frame deletion variants, and intronic rod variants are risk factors for ALS. However, they are not variants of large effect, and their functional impact needs to be clarified in further studies. Therefore, their inclusion in routine genetic screening panels should be reconsidered.
Intentional forgetting in younger and older adolescents
Authors: Jing Jingyan , Wang Wenjiao , Qi Mingming , Gao Heming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntentional forgetting exhibits limited efficacy in children but demonstrates resilience in adults. This study aimed to explore the developmental trends and underlying mechanisms of intentional forgetting in adolescents. Students from grades 7th and 9th were recruited to perform the modified list‐method directed forgetting (DF, Experiment 1) and selective directed forgetting (SDF, Experiment 2) tasks. In Experiment 1, both graders showed typical DF effects. The 9th graders forgot more List 1 compared to the 7th graders in the forgetting condition, indicating a stronger DF ability for the former group. In Experiment 2, an SDF effect was observed for the 9th graders but was absent for the 7th graders. Additionally, a weaker forgetting effect was induced by imagining cues relative to forgetting cues in both experiments. These results demonstrated that DF and SDF abilities in adolescents improved with age and might be mediated by inhibitory control rather than changes in mental context.
Frequency domain stability and relaxed convergence conditions for filtered error adaptive feedforward
Authors: Spanjer Sil T. , Köroğlu Hakan , Hakvoort Wouter B. J. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe convergence of filtered error and filtered reference adaptive feedforward is limited by three effects: model mismatch, unintended input‐disturbance interaction and too fast parameter adaptation. In this article, the first two effects are considered for MIMO systems under the slow parameter adaptation assumption. The convergence with model mismatch is conventionally guaranteed using a strictly positive‐real condition. This condition can be easily verified in the frequency domain, but due the high‐frequency parasitic dynamics of real systems, it is hardly ever satisfied. Nevertheless, filtered error and filtered reference adaptive feedforward have successfully been implemented in numerous applications without satisfying the strictly positive‐real condition. It is shown in this article that the strictly positive‐real condition can be relaxed to a power‐weighted integral condition, that is less conservative and provides a practical check for the convergence of filtered error adaptive feedforward for real systems in the frequency domain. The effects of input‐disturbance interaction are analysed and conditions for the stability are given in the frequency domain. Both conditions give clear indicators for frequency domain filter tuning, and are verified on an experimental active vibration isolation system.