bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social care and changes in occupational accidents and diseases - the situation in Eastern Europe in general and for skin diseases in particular
Authors: von Hirschberg Kathrin R , Kähler Björn , Nienhaus Albert 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Background
As a consequence of the disintegration of the state systems and the expansion of the European Union, there have been marked changes in the political and social affiliations of the countries of Eastern Europe. Of the 22 countries in Northeastern, Centraleastern, Southeastern and Eastern Europe, 12 are now members and 10 are "new" neighbours of the European Union. The accident insurance systems and changes in occupational accidents and occupational diseases in eastern European countries are described. Changes since EU and visible differences from non-EU countries are analysed. Special emphasis is given to occupational skin diseases.

Methods
The available data from the European Union (MISSOC and MISSCEEC Studies on the Social Protection Systems), the database "Social Security Worldwide" (SSW) of the International Social Security Association (ISSA), the International Labour Office Database (LABORSTA), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the annual statistical reports of the different countries were analysed with respect to changes in occupational accidents and occupational diseases. To find missing data, 128 ministries and authorities in the 22 countries in eastern Europe were researched and 165 persons contacted.

Results
The social insurance systems were very different in the different countries and some were better established than others. Moreover, not all data were available. For these reasons, detailed comparison was not always possible. The occupational accident rates are decreasing in more than half the countries. In contrast, the fatal accident rates have increased in half the countries. The number of newly registered occupational diseases is decreasing in more than half the countries. The rates for occupational skin diseases in 2006 were particularly high in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. In half the countries (four out of eight), the number of occupational skin diseases is decreasing. A reliable analysis of any correlation between EU membership and the rates of occupational accidents and occupational diseases was not possible, because of missing current data.

Conclusion
Comparison of the social insurance systems and changes in occupational accidents and occupational diseases in 22 countries in eastern Europe makes it clear that further effort is needed to develop registration and notification procedures. Only then will it be possible to analyse changes, to map successes and problems and perhaps to initiate necessary improvements. Standardisation of the documents must also be improved, to allow international comparisons between the systems.
Zebrafish aplnra functions in epiboly
Authors: Nornes Svanhild , Tucker Ben , Lardelli Michael 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Background
The zebrafish, Danio rerio, possesses the paralogous genes aplnra and aplnrb that are duplicates of an ancestral orthologue of the human APLNR gene encoding a G-protein coupled receptor that binds the peptide ligand APELIN and is required for normal cardiovascular function. aplnrb is required for migration of cells contributing to heart development in zebrafish embryos. aplnra is transcribed in a complex pattern during early development but its function in embryogenesis is largely unknown.

Findings
Blockage of translation of aplnra mRNA in zebrafish embryos results in retarded or failed epiboly with the blastoderm apparently disconnected from the nuclei of the yolk syncytial layer. Gastrulation is also defective. Failure of correct tail extension is observed with ectopic structures resembling somites positioned dorsal to the spinal cord.

Conclusion

aplnra, unlike its duplicate aplnrb, is essential for normal epiboly, although this function appears to be independent of signalling activated by zebrafish Apelin. The defects in epiboly caused by loss of aplnra activity appear, at least partially, to be due to a requirement for aplnra activity in the yolk syncytial layer.
Body fluids and salt metabolism - Part I
Authors: Bianchetti Mario G , Simonetti Giacomo D , Bettinelli Alberto 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
There is a high frequency of diarrhea and vomiting in childhood. As a consequence the focus of the present review is to recognize the different body fluid compartments, to clinically assess the degree of dehydration, to know how the equilibrium between extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid is maintained, to calculate the effective blood osmolality and discuss both parenteral fluid requirments and repair.
Declining recurrence among ductal carcinoma in situ patients treated with breast-conserving surgery in the community setting
Authors: Habel Laurel A , Achacoso Ninah S , Haque Reina , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Fletcher Suzanne W , Schnitt Stuart J , Collins Laura C , Geiger Ann M , Puligandla Balaram , Acton Luana , Quesenberry Charles P 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Introduction
Randomized trials indicate that adjuvant radiotherapy plus tamoxifen decrease the five-year risk of recurrence among ductal carcinoma in situ patients treated with breast-conserving surgery from about 20% to 8%. The aims of this study were to examine the use and impact of these therapies on risk of recurrence among ductal carcinoma in situ patients diagnosed and treated in the community setting.

Methods
We identified 2,995 patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ between 1990 and 2001 and treated with breast-conserving surgery at three large health plans. Medical charts were reviewed to confirm diagnosis and treatment and to obtain information on subsequent breast cancers. On a subset of patients, slides from the index ductal carcinoma in situ were reviewed for histopathologic features. Cumulative incidence curves were generated and Cox regression was used to examine changes in five-year risk of recurrence across diagnosis years, with and without adjusting for trends in use of adjuvant therapies.

Results
Use of radiotherapy increased from 25.8% in 1990-1991 to 61.3% in 2000-2001; tamoxifen increased from 2.3% to 34.4%. A total of 245 patients had a local recurrence within five years of their index ductal carcinoma in situ. The five-year risk of any local recurrence decreased from 14.3% (95% confidence interval 9.8 to 18.7) for patients diagnosed in 1990-1991 to 7.7% (95% confidence interval 5.5 to 9.9) for patients diagnosed in 1998-1999; invasive recurrence decreased from 7.0% (95% confidence interval 3.8 to 10.3) to 3.1% (95% confidence interval 1.7 to 4.6). In Cox models, the association between diagnosis year and risk of recurrence was modestly attenuated after accounting for use of adjuvant therapy. Between 1990-1991 and 2000-2001, the proportion of patients with tumors with high nuclear grade decreased from 46% to 32% (P = 0.03) and those with involved surgical margins dropped from 15% to 0% (P = 0.03).

Conclusions
The marked increase in the 1990s in the use of adjuvant therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ patients treated with breast-conserving surgery in the community setting only partially explains the 50% decline in risk of recurrence. Changes in pathology factors have likely also contributed to this decline.
Final Version of 2009 AJCC Melanoma Staging and Classification
Authors: Balch Charles M. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Soong Seng-jaw , Thompson John F. , Atkins Michael B. , Byrd David R. , Buzaid Antonio C. , Cochran Alistair J. , Coit Daniel G. , Ding Shouluan , Eggermont Alexander M. , Flaherty Keith T. , Gimotty Phyllis A. , Kirkwood John M. , McMasters Kelly M. , Mihm Martin C. , Morton Donald L. , Ross Merrick I. , Sober Arthur J. , Sondak Vernon K. 
Published: November 2009

Purpose To revise the staging system for cutaneous melanoma on the basis of data from an expanded American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Melanoma Staging Database. Methods The melanoma staging recommendations were made on the basis of a multivariate analysis of 30,946 patients with stages I, II, and III melanoma and 7,972 patients with stage IV melanoma to revise and clarify TNM classifications and stage grouping criteria. Results Findings and new definitions include the following: (1) in patients with localized melanoma, tumor thickness, mitotic rate (histologically defined as mitoses/mm2), and ulceration were the most dominant prognostic factors. (2) Mitotic rate replaces level of invasion as a primary criterion for defining T1b melanomas. (3) Among the 3,307 patients with regional metastases, components that defined the N category were the number of metastatic nodes, tumor burden, and ulceration of the primary melanoma. (4) For staging purposes, all patients with microscopic nodal metastases, regardless of extent of tumor burden, are classified as stage III. Micrometastases detected by immunohistochemistry are specifically included. (5) On the basis of a multivariate analysis of patients with distant metastases, the two dominant components in defining the M category continue to be the site of distant metastases (nonvisceral v lung v all other visceral metastatic sites) and an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level. Conclusion Using an evidence-based approach, revisions to the AJCC melanoma staging system have been made that reflect our improved understanding of this disease. These revisions will be formally incorporated into the seventh edition (2009) of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual and implemented by early 2010.
Wind power modelling and the determination of capacity credit in an electric power system
Authors: Billinton R , Huang D 
Published: November 2009

Wind is an important energy source and is regarded as a valuable alternative to traditional electric power-generating sources. There is an increasing interest in the development and use of wind energy as a substitute for more conventional energy because of its high potential and minimum impact on the environment. Generating capacity from wind power behaves quite differently than that from more conventional generating sources, as the wind is highly variable and is both site and terrain specific. These conditions dictate the need to develop suitable models and procedures to assess the reliability implications associated with integrating wind power in electric power systems. This paper presents an approach to modelling wind power in generating-capacity reliability studies using an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) time series. The technique is illustrated by application to a representative test system using wind data from a site in Saskatchewan, Canada. The test system is used to illustrate the effect on the system risk of adding increasing amounts of wind capacity to a conventional generating system. The risk is assessed using the loss of load expectation and loss of energy expectation indices. The generating capacity credit attributable to wind power is expressed in terms of the increase in system peak load-carrying capability at the criterion risk level. These analyses are extended to consider multiple wind sites with dependent and independent wind regimes.
Female juvenile arsonists: An exploratory look at characteristics and solo and group arson offences
Authors: Hickle Kristine E. , Roe‐Sepowitz Dominique E. 
Published: November 2009

Purpose. This study is an examination of a sample of 114 female juveniles charged with arson in a large juvenile justice system. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the limited descriptive literature about female juvenile arsonists.Methods. Female juvenile arsonists who had been charged with an arson were explored regarding their experiences of family disorganization, abuse and neglect, school issues, substance abuse, mental health, and crime characteristics. Group and solo arson offending was explored in depth. Subjects were from a large US southern state and included all the girls charged with arson over a 5‐year period from 2001 to 2005.Results. The female juvenile arsonists were often from profoundly unstable homes, experienced difficulty with school attendance and behaviour, had little or no contact with at least one parent, and were in a crisis at the time of the arson offence. Arson crimes committed by juvenile female offenders were most often at school and were a result of an accidental or impulsive act. Solo female juvenile arsonists had more instability in their homes, poorer school enrollment, increased experiences of limited contact with a parent, often felt upset, angry, and expressed suicidal thoughts when compared to group female juvenile arson offenders.Conclusions. Female juveniles who commit arson alone present very different risk factors and immediate problems than those who commit arson in a group; they likely need very different treatment. Juvenile arson crimes should be seen as warning signal given out by youth in distress.
Six of Eight Hemoglobin A1c Point-of-Care Instruments Do Not Meet the General Accepted Analytical Performance Criteria
Authors: Lenters-Westra Erna , Slingerland Robbert J 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Background: Hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) point-of-care (POC) instruments are widely used to provide rapid-turnaround results in diabetic care centers. We investigated the conformance of various Hb A1c POC instruments (In2it from Bio-Rad, DCA Vantage from Siemens, Afinion and Nycocard from Axis-Shield, Clover from Infopia, InnovaStar from DiaSys, A1CNow from Bayer, and Quo-Test from Quotient Diagnostics) with generally accepted performance criteria for Hb A1c.
Methods: The CLSI protocols EP-10, EP-5, and EP-9 were applied to investigate imprecision, accuracy, and bias. We assessed bias using 3 certified secondary reference measurement procedures and the mean of the 3 reference methods. Assay conformance with the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) certification criteria, as calculated from analyses with 2 different reagent lot numbers for each Hb A1c method, was also evaluated.
Results: Because of disappointing EP-10 results, 2 of the 8 manufacturers decided not to continue the evaluation. The total CVs from EP-5 evaluations for the different instruments with a low and high Hb A1c value were: In2it 4.9% and 3.3%, DCA Vantage 1.8% and 3.7%, Clover 4.0% and 3.5%, InnovaStar 3.2% and 3.9%, Nycocard 4.8% and 5.2%, and Afinion 2.4% and 1.8%. Only the Afinion and the DCA Vantage passed the NGSP criteria with 2 different reagent lot numbers.
Conclusions: Only the Afinion and the DCA Vantage met the acceptance criteria of having a total CV &lt;3% in the clinically relevant range. The EP-9 results and the calculations of the NGSP certification showed significant differences in analytical performance between different reagent lot numbers for all Hb A1c POC instruments.
Mapping Transitions in Interpersonal Learning for Students With Additional Needs
Authors: Coles-Janess Bernadette , Griffin Patrick 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article reports on the development of an interpersonal measure for students with additional learning needs. A questionnaire and learning continuum were constructed using a methodology devised by Griffin (2007a) for creating criterion-referenced frameworks. Teachers reported on 1619 students, ranging in age from 3 to 18 years. Analysis of the data, using item response modelling, found the questionnaire was able to measure interpersonal capacity reliably over a large ability range. The interpersonal domain is an imprecise and multifaceted area, so how teachers should support the learning needs of students within it is not always apparent. The devised measures offer the prospect of a more systematic and evidence-based approach to educating students within this domain.
Profiling Transitions in Emotional Development for Students With Additional Learning Needs
Authors: Roberts Eileen , Griffin Patrick 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe aim of the research described in this article was to build a protocol for describing students' development of emotional knowledge and understanding, and to tailor this to the requirements of assessing the progress of students with additional needs. The paper reports the establishment of such a developmental profile, using procedures for defining standards-referenced frameworks (Griffin, 2007) to create an observation questionnaire of students' emotional skills. This approach relies on the knowledge and collaboration of experienced teachers and researchers in the fields of special education and emotional development to establish an hypothesised framework of critical skills, observable behaviour statements, and developmental criteria that map qualitative transitions in student performance. The framework was subsequently validated against observation data gathered by teachers in 2007, from 77 Victorian government schools (21 mainstream, 56 special education) on 1597 students (3 to 18 years) with additional needs. Their responses were calibrated using partial credit item response modelling to empirically identify major transitions in students' emotional development and to establish the construct validity of the profile. In the area of students' emotional development, teachers have limited access to information that supports their assessment of progress and underpins decisions about setting goals for learning and appraising teaching strategies. The proposed article describes early stages of a research program that attempts to redress this situation by working with teachers to develop an appropriate and inclusive profile of emotional development for students with additional needs.
‚Incestuous’ Marriage in Achaemenid Iran: Myths and Realities
Authors: Bigwood Joan M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Greek and Roman authors often state that it was allowable for Persians to marry mothers, daughters and other very close relatives, claims that many modern scholars accept as valid for the Achaemenid, as well as for later years. This article re-examines the ancient sources for such marriages in the Achaemenid era, both the general statements and the tales of specific unions, and argues that the evidence for marital alliances between parent and child, and those between full siblings, is exceedingly weak. It thus lends support to the views expressed by Brosius in her brief discussion of the issue, views which others have ignored or even rejected.
Il termine ἐπίγονοι nella storiografia sull’ellenismo
Authors: Primo Andrea 
Published: November 2009

Riassunto
Nella storiografia moderna sull’Ellenismo il termine Epigonoi indica la seconda generazione di sovrani successivi ad Alessandro Magno, cioè i figli dei cosiddetti Diadochi. In realtà i brani di Strabone, Diodoro e Appiano su cui si fonda questa ipotesi sembrano mostrare che il termine designava in blocco tutti i sovrani successivi ai Diadochi, e non la sola generazione immediatamente seguente. Da qui l’A. trae spunto per riconsiderare titoli e contenuti delle opere storiografiche di Ieronimo di Cardia (FGrH 154) e Ninfide di Eraclea pontica (FGrH 432).
Die Vita et passio Cypriani: Aussageabsicht und historischer Hintergrund
Authors: Ziegler Mario 
Published: November 2009

Zusammenfassung
Die Vita et passio Cypriani, die mit größter Wahrscheinlichkeit vom karthagischen Presbyter Pontius verfaßt wurde, verfolgt mehrere Absichten: Neben einer panegyrischen und einer pädagogischen Funktion muß auch eine starke apologetische Tendenz angenommen werden, da sich Pontius ausführlich mit den Vorwürfen auseinandersetzt, die Cyprian wegen dessen Flucht in der Christenverfolgung des Decius gemacht wurden. Diese apologetische Funktion ist in hohem Maß für die Abfassung des ersten Teiles der Schrift verantwortlich, der die traditionelle Literaturgattung der passio um die Schilderung des Lebens des Heiligen erweitert. Spätere christliche Autoren greifen jedoch weiterhin auf die herkömmlichen reinen Martyriumsberichte zurück, so daß die Schrift des Pontius in der lateinischen Literatur eine Sonderstellung einnimmt.
Non-standard behavior of density estimators for sums of squared observations
Authors: Schick Anton , Wefelmeyer Wolfgang 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
It has been shown recently that, under an appropriate integrability condition, densities of functions of independent and identically distributed random variables can be estimated at the parametric rate by a local U-statistic, and a functional central limit theorem holds. For the sum of two squared random variables, the integrability condition typically fails. We show that then the estimator behaves differently for different arguments. At points in the support of the squared random variable, the rate of the estimator slows down by a logarithmic factor and is independent of the bandwidth, but the asymptotic variance depends on the rate of the bandwidth, and otherwise only on the density of the squared random variable at this point and at zero. A functional central limit theorem cannot hold. Of course, for bounded random variables, the sum of squares is more spread out than a single square. At points outside the support of the squared random variable, the estimator behaves classically. Now the rate is again parametric, the asymptotic variance has a different form and does not depend on the bandwidth, and a functional central limit theorem holds.
The geotechnical database for the Jubilee Line Extension project
Authors: Withers A. , Pontin S. , Black M. 
Published: November 2009

As part of London Underground Limited's (LUL's) contribution to the collaborative research project ‘Subsidence damage to buildings: prediction, protection and repair’, a geotechnical database system was developed for storing, straightforwardly retrieving and exporting geotechnical and other construction information. The research was sponsored by the DETR–EPSRC LINK Construction Maintenance and Refurbishment Programme under the project management of CIRIA. The collection and management of the research data was seen, from the start, as one of the key parts of the research, the aim being to create comprehensive case records for immediate and subsequent analysis. The database that was created, however, has a much greater capability and a wider potential applicability. The geotechnical data that were collected related to the several work stages and contracts for the construction of the Jubilee Line Extension project (JLEP). They include research-based data, that is, measurements taken by the research team; construction monitoring that was a JLEP contractual requirement; and construction records of specialist processes (such as compensation grouting); and of the main works of tunnelling and excavation. In addition, reference can be made, via the system, to information stored in a variety of other media, ranging from paper copies to digital videos. The paper considers the questions posed and solutions found for the design of the database system. Some of these questions resulted from the multiplicity of data sources and the lack of a suitable data transfer standard. The basis of data control is geographical, that is, on the project mapping. The format and methods of accessing data are object oriented, for example a survey point, a piezometer, a grout injection port, etc. With the aid of screen-captures, the paper explains and describes the tools that were developed to find, view and export information. The paper also describes how the database is being used on the research project and introduces ideas for its wider adoption as a business tool for LUL. The concluding section defines the key features that have made the system successful and urges the industry to adopt a monitoring data transfer standard.