bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells support regeneration of intestinal damage in a colitis mouse model, independent of their CXCR4 expression
Authors: Pervin Burcu , Gizer Merve , Şeker Mehmet Emin , Erol Özgür Doğuş , Gür Sema Nur , Polat Ece Gizem , Değirmenci Bahar , Korkusuz Petek , Aerts‐Kaya Fatima 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by a chronically dysregulated immune response in the gastrointestinal tract. Bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells have an important immunomodulatory function and support regeneration of inflamed tissue by secretion of soluble factors as well as through direct local differentiation. CXCR4 is the receptor for CXCL12 (SDF‐1, stromal‐derived factor‐1) and has been shown to be the main chemokine receptor, required for homing of MSCs. Increased expression of CXCL12 by inflamed intestinal tissue causes constitutive inflammation by attracting lymphocytes but can also be used to direct MSCs to sites of injury/inflammation. Trypsin is typically used to dissociate MSCs into single‐cell suspensions but has also been shown to digest surface CXCR4. Here, we assessed the regenerative effects of CXCR4high and CXCR4low MSCs in an immune‐deficient mouse model of DSS‐induced colitis. We found that transplantation of MSCs resulted in clinical improvement and histological recovery of intestinal epithelium. In contrary to our expectations, the levels of CXCR4 on transplanted MSCs did not affect their regenerative supporting potential, indicating that paracrine effects of MSCs may be largely responsible for their regenerative/protective effects.
The ethics of research informed consent from the Kyrgyz perspective: A qualitative study
Authors: Kudaibergenova Tamara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo ensure informed consent is tailored to ethnic Asian communities, it is necessary to establish an ethical foundation that is relevant to the specific populations. We hypothesized that certain communitarian factors unique to traditional Kyrgyz culture may influence an individual's decision to participate in research. Guided by Seedhouse's (2005) Rational Field Theory, we conducted qualitative, in‐depth interviews with cultural experts in Kyrgyzstan to identify the ethical foundations of decision‐making for informed consent in Kyrgyz culture. The results indicate that Kyrgyz people have a distinctive decision‐making style influenced by their nomadic culture and history, which values and prioritizes family integrity and reputation. These findings indicate that a multidimensional approach based on socio‐cultural sensitivities is necessary to assess the appropriateness of consent procedures. We believe our results may have implications for revising the guidelines of local and regional research ethics committees in Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian countries.
Government popularity in the UK during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Castro Vítor , Martins Rodrigo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study analyses how government popularity was shaped in the UK during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Using daily data for the Conservative party popularity rate, we find that their popularity was strongly dominated by factors related to the pandemic, more so by the political cases linked to its management and the measures that the government undertook than by the direct health impact of the coronavirus. The government stringency measures became more harmful for government popularity over time, especially when the pandemic metrics calmed down. The economy played a very marginal role in shaping government popularity during that period.
YAP prevents senescence of dermal fibroblast and inhibits melanogenesis via paracrine effect of DKK1
Authors: Li Tong , Xiong Yimei , Xian Longjun , Xiong Lidan , Li Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSenile skin hyperpigmentation displays remarkable histopathological features of dermal aging. The crosstalk between melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts plays crucial roles in aging‐related pigmentation. While senescent fibroblasts can upregulate pro‐melanogenic factors, the role of anti‐melanogenic factors, such as dickkopf1 (DKK1), and the upstream regulatory mechanism during aging remain obscure. This study investigated the roles of yes‐associated protein (YAP) and DKK1 in the regulation of dermal fibroblast senescence and melanogenesis. Our findings demonstrated decreased YAP activity and DKK1 levels in intrinsic and extrinsic senescent fibroblasts. YAP depletion induced fibroblast senescence and downregulated the expression and secretion of DKK1, whereas YAP overexpression partially reversed the effect. The transcriptional regulation of DKK1 by YAP was supported by dual‐luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Moreover, YAP depletion in fibroblasts upregulated Wnt/β‐catenin in melanocytes and stimulated melanogenesis, which was partially rescued by the re‐supplementation of DKK1. Conversely, overexpression of YAP in senescent fibroblasts decreased Wnt/β‐catenin levels in melanocytes and inhibited melanogenesis. Additionally, reduced levels of YAP and DKK1 were verified in the dermis of solar lentigines. These findings suggest that, during skin aging, epidermal pigmentation may be influenced by YAP in the dermal microenvironment via the paracrine effect of DKK1.
Combining large‐spot low‐fluence 1064‐nm and fractional 1064‐nm picosecond lasers for promoting protective melanosome autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway for the treatment of melasma
Authors: Shen Jie , Jin JingJing , Huang JianHua , Guo Yu , Qian Qihong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMelasma is a common condition of hyperpigmented facial skin. Picosecond lasers are reported to be effective for the treatment of melasma. We aimed to identify the most effective therapeutic mode and elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of picosecond lasers for the treatment of melasma. Female Kunming mice with melasma‐like conditions were treated using four different picosecond laser modes. Concurrently, in vitro experiments were conducted to assess changes in melanin and autophagy in mouse melanoma B16‐F10 cells treated with these laser modes. Changes in melanin in mouse skin were detected via Fontana–Masson staining, and melanin particles were evaluated in B16‐F10 cells. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to analyse the expression levels of melanosome and autophagy‐related messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and proteins. A combination of large‐spot low‐fluence 1064‐nm and fractional 1064‐nm picosecond lasers resulted insignificant decreases in melanin as well as in mRNA and protein expression of melanin‐synthesizing enzymes (TYR, TRP‐1 and MITF). This combination also led to increased expression of the autophagy‐related proteins, Beclin1 and ATG5, with a marked decrease in p62 expression. Intervention with the PI3K activator, 740 Y‐P, increased TYR, TRP‐1, MITF, p‐PI3K, p‐AKT, p‐mTOR and p62 expression but decreased the expression of LC3, ATG5 and Beclin1. A combination of large‐spot low‐fluence 1064‐nm and fractional 1064‐nm picosecond lasers proved more effective and safer. It inhibits melanin production, downregulates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, enhances melanocyte autophagy and accelerates melanin metabolism, thereby reducing melanin content.
Global nitrous oxide emissions from livestock manure during 1890–2020: An IPCC tier 2 inventory
Authors: Zhang Lei , Pan Shufen , Ouyang Zhiyun , Canadell Josep G. , Chang Jinfeng , Conchedda Giulia , Davidson Eric A. , Lu Fei , Pan Naiqing , Qin Xiaoyu , Shi Hao , Tubiello Francesco N. , Wang Xiaoke , Zhang Yuzhong , Tian Hanqin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from livestock manure contribute significantly to the growth of atmospheric N2O, a powerful greenhouse gas and dominant ozone‐depleting substance. Here, we estimate global N2O emissions from livestock manure during 1890–2020 using the tier 2 approach of the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Global N2O emissions from livestock manure increased by ~350% from 451 [368–556] Gg N year−1 in 1890 to 2042 [1677–2514] Gg N year−1 in 2020. These emissions contributed ~30% to the global anthropogenic N2O emissions in the decade 2010–2019. Cattle contributed the most (60%) to the increase, followed by poultry (19%), pigs (15%), and sheep and goats (6%). Regionally, South Asia, Africa, and Latin America dominated the growth in global emissions since the 1990s. Nationally, the largest emissions were found in India (329 Gg N year−1), followed by China (267 Gg N year−1), the United States (163 Gg N year−1), Brazil (129 Gg N year−1) and Pakistan (102 Gg N year−1) in the 2010s. We found a substantial impact of livestock productivity, specifically animal body weight and milk yield, on the emission trends. Furthermore, a large spread existed among different methodologies in estimates of global N2O emission from livestock manure, with our results 20%–25% lower than those based on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. This study highlights the need for robust time‐variant model parameterization and continuous improvement of emissions factors to enhance the precision of emission inventories. Additionally, urgent mitigation is required, as all available inventories indicate a rapid increase in global N2O emissions from livestock manure in recent decades.
The experiences and perspectives of people with gout on urate self‐monitoring
Authors: Michael Toni J. F. , Chan Jian S. , Hughes Stephen , Wright Daniel F. B. , Coleshill Matthew J. , Hughes Dyfrig A. , Day Richard O. , Aslani Parisa , Stocker Sophie L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionGout management remains suboptimal despite safe and effective urate‐lowering therapy. Self‐monitoring of urate may improve gout management, however, the acceptability of urate self‐monitoring by people with gout is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of urate self‐monitoring in people with gout.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with people taking urate‐lowering therapy (N = 30) in a 12‐month trial of urate self‐monitoring in rural and urban Australia. Interviews covered the experience of monitoring and its effect on gout self‐management. Deidentified transcripts were analysed thematically.ResultsParticipants valued the ability to self‐monitor and gain more understanding of urate control compared with the annual monitoring ordered by their doctors. Participants indicated that self‐monitoring at home was easy, convenient and informed gout self‐management behaviours such as dietary modifications, hydration, exercise and medication routines. Many participants self‐monitored to understand urate concentration changes in response to feeling a gout flare was imminent or whether their behaviours, for example, alcohol intake, increased the risk of a gout flare. Urate concentrations were shared with doctors mainly when they were above target to seek management support, and this led to allopurinol dose increases in some cases.ConclusionUrate self‐monitoring was viewed by people with gout as convenient and useful for independent management of gout. They believed self‐monitoring achieved better gout control with a less restricted lifestyle. Urate data was shared with doctors at the patient's discretion and helped inform clinical decisions, such as allopurinol dose changes. Further research on implementing urate self‐monitoring in routine care would enable an evaluation of its impact on medication adherence and clinical outcomes, as well as inform gout management guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionOne person with gout, who was not a participant, was involved in the study design by providing feedback and pilot testing the semistructured interview guide. In response to their feedback, subsequent modifications to the interview guide were made to improve the understandability of the questions from a patient perspective. No additional questions were suggested.
Intracardiac echocardiography guided anatomical ablation of the arcuate ridge for drug refractory inappropriate sinus tachycardia
Authors: Cabrera Juan Sebastian , Tapias Carlos , Adams Christian , Hernandez Boris , Bautista William , Stozitzky Valentina , Restrepo Alejandro Jimenez , Saenz Luis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionInappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is a common condition with frequently not tolerated beta‐blockers or ivabradine and a high rate of complication in ablation strategy; we describe an alternative anatomical approach of sinus node (SN) modulation.MethodsThis retrospective study describes a case series of 6 patients from two centers diagnosed with symptomatic IST undergoing SN ablation.ResultsThe mean age was 40.6 ± 13.9 years; five of the six patients were female, 100% of patients reported heart palpitations, and 66% reported dizziness, the average heart rate (HR) on a 24‐h Holter was 93.2 ± 7.9 bpm. HR during the first stage of a stress test using a standard Bruce protocol was 150 ± 70 bpm, The average HR on 24‐h Holter postablation was 75 ± 5.6 bpm, the sinus rate HR during stage 1 of a Bruce protocol exercise stress test was 120 ± 10 bpm.ConclusionThis is the first case series reporting the acute and long‐term results of a novel anatomical approach for SN modulation to treat IST targeting the arcuate ridge (AR) under intracardiac echography (ICE) guidance. The novel anatomic ICE‐guided catheter ablation approach aimed to identify the earliest activation at the AR with an extension of RF lesions toward its septal region seems effective and safe to modulate the SN in symptomatic patients with IST refractory to medical treatment.
Exploration of shared gene signatures and molecular mechanisms between type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis
Authors: Du Ashuai , Xu Rong , Yang Qinglong , Lu Yingxue , Luo Xinhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and osteoporosis (OP) are systemic metabolic diseases and often coexist. The mechanism underlying this interrelationship remains unclear. We downloaded microarray data for T2D and OP from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified co‐expression modules linked to both T2D and OP. To further investigate the functional implications of these associated genes, we evaluated enrichment using ClueGO software. Additionally, we performed a biological process analysis of the genes unique in T2D and OP. We constructed a comprehensive miRNA–mRNA network by incorporating target genes and overlapping genes from the shared pool. Through the implementation of WGCNA, we successfully identified four modules that propose a plausible model that elucidates the disease pathway based on the associated and distinct gene profiles of T2D and OP. The miRNA–mRNA network analysis revealed co‐expression of PDIA6 and SLC16A1; their expression was upregulated in patients with T2D and islet β‐cell lines. Remarkably, PDIA6 and SLC16A1 were observed to inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic β cells and promote apoptosis in vitro, while downregulation of PDIA6 and SLC16A1 expression led to enhanced insulin secretion. This is the first study to reveal the significant roles of PDIA6 and SLC16A1 in the pathogenesis of T2D and OP, thereby identifying additional genes that hold potential as indicators or targets for therapy.
Predicting mothers' exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months: Interface creation study using machine learning technique
Authors: Açikgöz Ayfer , Çakirli Merve , Şahin Berrak Mizrak , Çelik Özer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMachine learning techniques (MLT) build models to detect complex patterns and solve new problems using big data.AimThe present study aims to create a prediction interface for mothers breastfeeding exclusively for the first 6 months using MLT.MethodAll mothers who had babies aged 6–24 months between 15.09.2021 and 15.12.2021 and to whom the surveys could be delivered were included. 'Personal Information Form' created by the researchers was used as a data collection tool.Data from 514 mothers participating in the study were used for MLT. Data from 70% of mothers were used for educational purposes, and a prediction model was created. The data obtained from the remaining 30% of the mothers were used for testing.ResultsThe best MLT algorithm for predicting exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months was determined to be the Random Forest Classifier. The top five variables affecting the possibility of mothers breastfeeding exclusively for the first 6 months were as follows: “the mother not having any health problems during pregnancy,” “there were no people who negatively affected the mother's morale about breastfeeding,” “the amount of water the mother drinks in a day,” “thinking that her milk supply is insufficient,” “having no problems breastfeeding the baby”.ConclusionsUsing created prediction model may allow early identification of mothers with a risk of not breastfeeding their babies exclusively for the first 6 months. In this way, mothers in the risk group can be closely monitored in the early period.
Estimated pulse wave velocity in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease and all‐cause/cause‐specific mortality
Authors: Kim Donghee , Manikat Richie , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Cholankeril George , Ahmed Aijaz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimSeveral reports show a significant association between metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and arterial stiffness (estimated pulse wave velocity [ePWV]) as a surrogate marker of vascular age. We investigate whether ePWV as arterial stiffness in MASLD is associated with all‐cause/cause‐specific mortality.MethodsThis cohort study was based on the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1988–1994) and NHANES 2007–2014 and linked mortality datasets through 2019. Cox regression models assessed the association between ePWV categorized by quartile and all‐cause/cause‐specific mortality among individuals with MASLD.ResultsDuring the follow‐up of a median of 26.3 years (interquartile range: 19.9–27.9), higher levels of ePWV among individuals with MASLD were associated with increased all‐cause mortality, which remained significant after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, clinical, and metabolic risk factors. Furthermore, higher ePWV in MASLD was associated with higher cardiovascular mortality. There was a 44% (hazard ratio: 1.44, 95% confidence interval: 1.32–1.58) increase in all‐cause mortality and a 53% (hazard ratio: 1.53, 95% confidence interval: 1.32–1.77) increase in cardiovascular mortality for every 1 m/s increase in ePWV in MASLD. However, there was no significant association between ePWV and cancer‐related mortality. Sensitivity analyses using the NHANES 2007–2014 dataset showed results identical to the original analysis.ConclusionHigher ePWV in MASLD was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Screening for ePWV in individuals with MASLD may be an effective and beneficial approach to reducing all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Trait divergence in plant community assembly is generated by environmental factor interactions
Authors: Pillar Valério D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuestionWhat conditions drive trait divergence during community assembly through environmental filtering, and why are some communities more trait‐diverse than others?MethodsAn individual‐based, stochastic, spatially explicit metacommunity simulation model produced data on species traits, spatially autocorrelated, nested, feedback‐generated environmental factors, and resulting community composition. I quantified environmentally driven alpha trait divergence using the correlation r(RE) to measure the relationship between Rao functional diversity and environmental factors. Environmentally driven beta trait divergence was assessed through the correlation r(VE), involving environmental factors and the squared residuals (V) of a second‐order polynomial regression of community‐weighted means on environmental factors (E). Permutation tests, assuming independence between traits and species composition, were used to establish the significance of r(RE) and r(VE). Additionally, the method was applied to grassland and soil data collected in plots across southern Brazil. Both simulated and real data were analysed at two spatial resolutions.ResultsSignificant r(VE) correlations were frequent with factor interactions incorporated in community assembly simulations, while r(VE) correlations mostly remained within expected Type I error range when factor interactions were absent. r(VE) was stronger than r(RE) at a finer spatial resolution and weaker than r(RE) when smaller community units were combined into larger units. r(VE) for specific leaf area (SLA) was related to soil variables, likely due to their interacting effects with total vegetation cover. When small plots were aggregated into larger units, r(VE) became non‐significant, while r(RE) increased.ConclusionsEnvironmentally driven trait divergence emerges during community assembly due to interactions between factors affecting the selection of individuals based on their traits. When the effects of these factors are spatially nested, including hidden, feedback‐generated ones, trait divergence arises at the beta or alpha dimension, depending on the scale of the community units. This suggests that plant‐to‐plant positive or negative interactions, which can feedback on environmental factors and generate heterogeneity, do not necessarily lead to trait divergence if these factors do not interact.
Shifts in mycorrhizal types of fungi and plants in response to fertilisation, warming and herbivory in a tundra grassland
Authors: Le Noir de Carlan Coline , Kaarlejärvi Elina , De Tender Caroline , Heinecke Thilo , Eskelinen Anu , Verbruggen Erik 
Published: May 2024

Summary

Climate warming is severely affecting high‐latitude regions. In the Arctic tundra, it may lead to enhanced soil nutrient availability and interact with simultaneous changes in grazing pressure. It is presently unknown how these concurrently occurring global change drivers affect the root‐associated fungal communities, particularly mycorrhizal fungi, and whether changes coincide with shifts in plant mycorrhizal types.

We investigated changes in root‐associated fungal communities and mycorrhizal types of the plant community in a 10‐yr factorial experiment with warming, fertilisation and grazing exclusion in a Finnish tundra grassland.

The strongest determinant of the root‐associated fungal community was fertilisation, which consistently increased potential plant pathogen abundance and had contrasting effects on the different mycorrhizal fungal types, contingent on other treatments. Plant mycorrhizal types went through pronounced shifts, with warming favouring ecto‐ and ericoid mycorrhiza but not under fertilisation and grazing exclusion. Combination of all treatments resulted in dominance by arbuscular mycorrhizal plants. However, shifts in plant mycorrhizal types vs fungi were mostly but not always aligned in their magnitude and direction.

Our results show that our ability to predict shifts in symbiotic and antagonistic fungal communities depend on simultaneous consideration of multiple global change factors that jointly alter plant and fungal communities.