bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genus Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) in Greek coastal waters
Authors: Moschandreou Kimon K. , Nikolaidis Georgios 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We conducted a first study of Pseudo-nitzschia species and their morphological variability in the main shellfish farming and harvesting areas of Greece between 2004 and 2008. Water samples were collected and preserved, and unialgal cultures of Pseudo-nitzschia species were established. Both preserved and culture material of 12 taxa were examined by transmission electron microscopy and included P. delicatissima, P. fraudulenta, P. galaxiae, P. mannii, P. multistriata, P. pseudodelicatissima, P. pungens, P. subfraudulenta, one morphospecies similar to P. dolorosa and one strain corresponding to a P. delicatissima-like morphotype (all new records for Greek coastal waters); in addition, we found two previously recorded species, viz., P. calliantha and P. multiseries. We present ultrastructural descriptions and morphometric data for the local populations studied.
The occurrence of Laurencia marilzae (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) in Brazil based on morphological and molecular data
Authors: Rocha-Jorge Renato , Cassano Valéria , Oliveira Mariana Cabral , Fujii Mutue Toyota 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Laurencia marilzae is recorded for the first time from the western Atlantic Ocean; it was found in Laje de Santos Marine State Park, São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. The specimens were collected in the rocky subtidal zone from 7 to 15 m depth. The most distinctive characteristic of this species is the presence of corps en cerise in all cells of the thallus, including cortex, medulla, and trichoblasts. The phylogenetic position of the species was inferred by analysis of the chloroplast-encoded rbcL gene sequences from 43 taxa, using two other rhodomelacean taxa and two members of the Ceramiaceae as outgroups. Within the Laurencia assemblage, L. marilzae from Brazil and from the Canary Islands (type locality) formed a distinctive lineage sister to all other Laurencia species analyzed. Male plants are described for the first time. This study expands the geographical distribution of L. marilzae to the western Atlantic Ocean.
Restoration of Cymodocea nodosa seagrass meadows through seed propagation: germination in vitro, seedling culture and field transplants
Authors: Zarranz Maite E. , González-Henríquez Nieves , García-Jiménez Pilar , Robaina Rafael R. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Cymodocea nodosa, a marine angiosperm, an ecosystem engineer in the Mediterranean Sea and the Northwest Atlantic Ocean; however, as in other seagrasses meadows worldwide, the swards are actually declining due to increasing human pressures. Hence, we have developed an effective propagation methodology that provides C. nodosa seedlings for seagrass meadow restoration and conservation. This method consists of: i) germination of wild-collected seeds under hyposaline conditions, ii) acclimation of germinated seedling in tanks (1.6 m3) until there are two shoots per seedling (∼ 30 days), and iii) transplantation of acclimated seedlings to the field in dense groups. Our field outplants withstood herbivore activity and physical disturbance during the winter season, and propagated vegetatively, resulting in the spread and establishment of a new patch that has persisted for nine months.
Evaluation of a panel of circulating DNA, RNA and protein potential markers for pathologies of pregnancy
Authors: Galbiati Silvia , Causarano Vincenza , Pinzani Pamela , Francesca Salvianti , Orlando Claudio , Smid Maddalena , Pasi Federica , Castiglioni Maria T. , Cavoretto Paolo , Rovere-Querini Patrizia , Pedroni Silvia , Calza Stefano , Ferrari Maurizio , Cremonesi Laura 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background: Among markers of pregnancy complications, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA, long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) protein and fetal and total DNA had been reported to be increased in the plasma of women with overt preeclampsia (PE). We developed an optimized protocol to evaluate whether concentrations of CRH mRNA, PTX3 mRNA and protein, fetal and/or total DNA are increased in fetal growth restriction (FGR), and whether they predict complications of pregnancy.

Methods: The protocol included a preamplification step to enrich rare mRNA species. CRH and PTX3 mRNA, DNA and PTX3 protein were measured in the plasma of women with PE or FGR, in women at risk of developing these pathologies and in healthy women matched for gestational age.

Results:
CRH mRNA, fetal and/or total DNA and PTX3 protein were significantly increased in women with overt PE when compared to controls. Pregnant women who later developed PE or FGR during pregnancy showed total DNA levels that were significantly increased before the onset of both pathologies, while RNA markers were increased only in women who later developed PE.

Conclusions: Our protocol for plasma RNA quantification may allow for the extension of a panel of predictive markers to be investigated in larger patient cohorts.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:791–4.
Development and preparation of a new serum protein reference material: feasibility studies and processing
Authors: Zegers Ingrid , Schreiber Wiebke , Linstead Sarah , Lammers Manfred , McCusker Matthew , Muñoz Amalia , Itoh Yoshi , Merlini Giampaolo , Trapmann Stefanie , Emons Hendrik , Sheldon Joanna , Schimmel Heinz 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background: The availability of matrix reference materials is essential for the standardisation of (immuno)assays used to measure proteins. The reference material ERM-DA470 (previously called CRM470) certified in 1993 has led to a large degree of harmonisation of these assays. A new serum protein reference material has now been produced (ERM-DA470k). It is intended to replace ERM-DA470, and will additionally be certified for β2-microglobulin (B2M).

Methods: Serum from 390 healthy donors was pooled and processed so as to stabilise, delipidate and ‘maturate’ it. Purified C-reactive protein (CRP) and recombinant B2M were added. Pilot batches were produced to study the stability, homogeneity, and commutability of the material. On the basis of the results with the trial batches it was decided to proceed with the processing of the main batch of a candidate reference material.

Results: Two pilot batches were produced and the processed and spiked serum lyophilised after filling (1 mL). The B2M in the material was shown to be stable and commutable. For CRP, it was discovered that freeze-drying led to a decrease in measurable protein. The main batch of candidate reference material was produced and fulfilled the required criteria in terms of optical transparency, homogeneity and stability.

Conclusions: A new serum protein reference material has been produced with the properties required for a serum protein reference material for 14 proteins. An apparent loss of CRP of approximately 20% was observed upon freeze-drying of the material.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:805–13.
Effect of Permeant Water on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Exhumed GCLs
Authors: Scalia Joseph , Benson Craig H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHydraulic conductivity tests were performed on geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) exhumed from composite barriers (i.e., geomembrane over GCL) in four landfill covers using three dilute permeant waters: type II deionized water (DW), 0.01M CaCl2 (so called “standard water” (SW)), and a typical water having average characteristics of eluent from cover soils (“average water” (AW)). Depending on the exhumed state of the GCL, very different (up to four orders of magnitude) hydraulic conductivities were obtained with DW, AW, and SW. When macroscopic features were present in the GCL, similar hydraulic conductivities (1×10−9–2×10−7 m/s) were obtained with SW and AW, but lower hydraulic conductivities were obtained with DW (1×10−11–3×10−10 m/s). For GCLs without macroscopic features, much higher hydraulic conductivities were obtained with SW (1×10−9–2×10−7 m/s) than AW or DW (&lt;2×10−11 m/s) if the exhumed GCL had lower water content (&lt;46 %), whereas similar hydraulic conductivities (&lt;5×10−11 m/s) were obtained with all three waters if the GCL had higher water content (&gt;53 %). For GCLs with lower water contents, permeation with AW or DW had minimal effect on the composition of bound cations. In contrast, permeation with SW reduced the mole fraction of monovalent bound cations. These findings demonstrate that the chemistry of the permeant water can have a significant effect on the hydraulic conductivity of exhumed GCLs even when the permeant water is dilute. To simulate typical conditions, a solution containing 1.3 mM NaCl and 0.8 mM CaCl2 is recommended as the permeant water (73.8 mg of anhydrous NaCl and 87.0 mg of anhydrous CaCl2/L DW). A conservative assessment of hydraulic conductivity can be obtained using 0.3 mM NaCl and 1.9 mM CaCl2 (15.5 mg of anhydrous NaCl and 214.6 mg CaCl2/L DW).
Challenge of Analytical Characterization of Biofuels
Authors: Nadkarni R. A. Kishore 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
For a number of analytical tests required in the biodiesels or ethanol-fuel product specifications, the scope of these test methods does not include such alternative energy sources. Thus, it is not clear that these methods are applicable to biofuels without any modifications to take care of the different matrices. Examples are given where the modifications have been implemented in the test methods and other cases where such research and development work is still required before using the methods for biofuels.
Symposium zu: Günter Dux, Warum denn Gerechtigkeit. Die Logik des Kapitals. Die Politik im Widerstreit mit der Ökonomie
Authors: Berger Peter A. , Klärner Andreas , Vobruba Georg , Schmidt Volker H. 
Published: April 2010

Zusammenfassung
Günter Dux, Warum denn Gerechtigkeit. Die Logik des Kapitals. Die Politik im Widerstreit mit der Ökonomie. Weilerswist: Velbrück 2008.
"No insignificant creature": Thomas Hardy's Ethical Turn
Authors: Cohn Elisha 
Published: April 2010

Elisha Cohn, "'No insignificant creature': Thomas Hardy's Ethical Turn" (pp. 494–520)
This essay examines the limitations of ethically motivated representations of animals in Victorian realism. As many critics have argued, evolutionary theory's challenge to human supremacy had the potential to alter radically literature's focus on individual subjectivity and social ideals. In particular, the new relevance of animals to human life threatened to deflate the human moral ideals. The treatment of animals in Victorian literature is rarely interpreted as exploring evolution's radically anti-humanist implications. More often, animals are thought to function as objects of sympathy in a larger project of constructing middle-class subjectivity. As i argue, it is important to account for the relationship between the sympathetic and the anti-humanist representation of animals in Victorian works. The changing role of animals in Thomas Hardy's works highlights the disconnect between the radical implications that critics see in evolutionist thought and the way in which animals in Victorian writings are usually construed as objects of sympathy. Tess of the D'Urbervilles (1891) places these two approaches in conversation by shifting emphasis from a destabilizing lyricism associated with human-animal affinity to a more distanced narrative stance associated with human autonomy, sympathy, responsibility, and critique. Examining how Hardy grounds his ethically motivated expectations of stable human agency after having seemingly dispensed with them suggests the need for a distinction between a lyrical, evolutionist aesthetic and an ethical aesthetic. This approach also offers insight into the enabling conditions—and limitations—shaping sympathetic agency in defense of animal lives. In examining the intersections between Hardy's work and recent approaches to theories of animality, particularly those based on Gilles Deleuze's concept of becoming-animal, Tess helps us to rethink the theory, to understand why ethical claims require boundaries between species, and on what basis these boundaries can be legitimated.
Könyvismertetések
Authors: Kállai János , Takács Endre , Pléh Csaba , Tófalvy Tamás 
Published: April 2010

GyöngyösiKissEnikő–OláhAttila(szerk.):

Vázlatok a személyiségről. A személyiség-lélektan
alapvető irányzatainak tükrében
(Kállai János) 381GeoffreyMiller:
A párválasztó agy. A párválasztás szerepe
az emberi agy evolúciójában
(Takács Endre) 384Block, Ned:
Consciousness,
function, and representation. Collected papers. Vol. 1
(Pléh Csaba) 388CsibraGergely–GergelyGyörgy(szerk.):
Ember és
kultúra. A kulturális tudás eredete és átadásának mechanizmusai
(Tófalvy
Tamás) 390s
A turócszentmártoni Szent Márton-templom késő reneszánsz és barokk funerális emlékei (16–17. század)
Authors: Ludiková Zuzana , Mikó Árpád , Pálffy Géza 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The parish church of Turócszentmárton (Martin, Slovakia) was the main burial place of the Szklabinya and Blatnica lines of the Révay family in the 16–17th centuries. The members of the Hungarian aristocratic family who were buried here were the hereditary holders of the ispán's and chief ispán's offices in Turóc county (lat. perpetuus et supremus comes comitatus Turociensis). Few original funerary monuments survive in the church: there is a single figural tombstone (Ferenc Révay I, †1553) and a painted and gilded funeral coat of arms (Pál Révay I, †1635). The funeral arms of crown guard Péter Révay (†1622) is only known from archive photos, and the only information about the funeral banners is gleaned from collections of inscriptions especially from a collection discovered in the last time in the manuscriptcollection of the University Library in Bratislava. Ferenc Révay's effigy in relief shown in secular attire is rare in the sepulchral art of the Hungarian Kingdom (two analogies are propalatine i.e. a chief justice of the Hungarian Kingdom, Imre Czobor of Czoborszentmihály's tombstone [†1581] in Sasvár [Šaštín] and László Kubinyi's [†1598] in Galánta [Galanta]), but the funeral coats of arms fit in well with pieces found in Nagyszombat (Trnava), Lőcse (Levoča), Csetnek (Štítnik), etc.
“Gyöngyházbúl való pelikán forma…” Rákóczi László csészéje Hamburgban
Authors: Grotte András 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The mother-of-pearl cup in a silver mount with a lid adorned with a pelican was first mentioned in the 1704 inventory of the properties of Erzsébet Rákóczi (1645–1707). Presumably inherited from her father László Rákóczi, the goldsmith's object passed to the treasury of the Pálffy family after Erzsébet's death, in 1713, only to disappear from the sources for centuries. In 1907 it was published und sold together with the collection of architect Kálmán Giergl, then it appeared in Germany in 1956. Since 1957 it has been preserved in the Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe in Hamburg. The type of vessel, technique and style allow the assumption that the cup was made in West Europe, perhaps England or the Low Countries around 1630, originally with another lid ornament. It probably came to Hungary via the wedding of Zsigmond Rákóczi and Henriette of Pfalz in 1651. After the early death of the spouses, probably Zsigmond Rákóczi's mother Zsuzsanna Lórántffy had the pelican created for the cup and gave it as a nuptial present to her nephew László Rákóczi when he married Calvinist Erzsébet Bánffy in 1654.
Quantum Simulation of C-V and I-V Characteristics in Ge and III-V Materials/High-κ MOS Devices
Authors: Moreau Mathieu , Munteanu Daniela , Autran Jean-Luc , Bellenger Florence , Mitard Jérome , Houssa Michel 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe present a one-dimensional simulation study of the capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in MOS devices with high mobility semiconductors (Ge and III-V materials) and non-conventional gate stack with high-κ dielectrics. The C-V quantum simulation code self-consistently solves the Schrödinger and Poisson equations and the electron transport through the gate stack is computed using the non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism (NEGF). Simulated C-V characteristics are successfully confronted to experimental data for various MOS structures with different semiconductors and dielectric stacks. Simulation of I-V characteristics reveals that gate leakage current strongly depends on gate stacks and substrate materials and predicts low leakage current for future CMOS devices with high mobility materials and high-κ dielectrics.
Dosimetric Assessment of Mono-Crystalline CVD Diamonds Exposed to Beta and Ultraviolet Radiation
Authors: Pedroza-Montero Martín , Meléndrez-Amavizca Rodrigo , Preciado-Flores Sandra , Chernov Valery , Barboza-Flores Marcelino 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPolycrystalline and mono-crystalline CVD diamonds have been investigated in relation to radiation dosimetry applications. In this work we report results on the thermoluminescence (TL), afterglow (AG) and dosimetric performance on two mono-crystalline CVD diamonds containing boron and silicon as doping materials. The samples were exposed to beta (Sr90/Y90) in the dose range of 0.07-8.26 Gy and UV light in the range of 200-400 nm, followed in both cases, by TL and AG read-outs. The boron doped sample exhibited one main TL peak at 130 °C and some overlapped peaks around 250 °C and the silicon doped samples exhibited two TL peaks around 148 and 286 °C after the crystals were subjected to beta radiation. UV radiation exposed samples showed two main TL peaks around 139 oC for boron doped, with overlapped components in the high temperature side, and at 220 and 355 oC for silicon doped samples. The integrated TL and AG intensities reached saturation around to 3.0 and 1.0 Gy in boron and silicon doped samples, respectively. The AG signal from boron doped samples reached saturation for around 60 s of 230 nm UV light irradiation and the silicon doped sample showed a linear response up to 10 minutes of 300 nm UV exposure with no apparent saturation for higher irradiation times. The TL/AG behavior of the present CVD diamond indicates the promising applications of these materials as TL/AG dosimeter for ionizing and UV radiation.
General Active Quality Factor Control of Electromechanical Quartz Resonator
Authors: Jahng Junghoon , Lee Manhee , Jhe Wonho 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe present generalized theoretical analysis and experimental realization of active quality factor control for the self-oscillating quartz tuning-fork (QTF). The quality factor Q and resonance frequency can be controlled by adding a phase shifted signal of proper gain with respect to the QTF motion. It is demonstrated that the analysis of QTF can be extended to other quartz resonators which are analyzed by an equivalent circuit-a combination of a parallel circuit of an harmonic L-R-C and a stray capacitance C0. Finally, we suggest the prospect of several applications by using the active Q control of QTF such as increasing force sensitivity, reducing scanning time in scanning probe microscopy, and feedback cooling of electromechanical resonator.
Zn Doped Nanocrystalline CuCl Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: K.Vijayaraghavan Rajani , Olabanji Lucas F , Alam Md. Monjarul , Daniels Stephen , J. McNally Patrick 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe report on the use of Zn as an n-type dopant in CuCl thin films for optoelectronic applications, wherein maximum n-type doping of the order of 1018 cm -3 has been achieved. Zn doped nanocrystalline CuCl thin films are successfully deposited on glass and Si substrates by pulsed dc magnetron sputtering. Structural and morphological properties are investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. The conductivity of the CuCl:Zn films is examined using the four point probe technique. An order of magnitude increase in the conductivity of CuCl, by the doping with Zn is reported herein. The doped CuCl films display strong room temperature cathodoluminescence (CL) at λ˜ 385nm, which is similar to that of the undoped films. Hall Effect measurements show an n-type conductivity of the doped films.
Defect Photoluminescence of TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: McHale Jeanne Louise , Mercado Candy C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy of nanocrystalline TiO2 using ultraviolet light excitation reveals a range of intra-bandgap defect states which emit at visible wavelengths. In this study we use 350 nm excitation to probe the luminescent defect states of TiO2 nanotubes fabricated by anodization of titanium. The nanotubes show a broad visible luminescence from 450 to 700 nm with a peak at 520-550 nm or 2.4-2.3 eV. The intensity of nanotube PL is orders of magnitude lower than that of nanoparticulate anatase and P25 (mixed-phase anatase/rutile) films of comparable thickness. Similar to the PL of the nanoparticles, the nanotube PL is increased by vacuum annealing. The nature of the nanotube defects is investigated through shifts in the intensity and shape of the PL spectra in hole or electron scavenging environments. We find the PL intensity of the nanotubes to be less dependent on environment than that of conventional TiO2 nanoparticles. We conclude that there are two inter-related reasons for decreased intensity and decreased environmental dependence of PL from TiO2 nanotubes as compared to nanoparticles: decreased density of defect states and improved carrier transport.
Vertebrate herbivores influence soil nematodes by modifying plant communities
Authors: Veen G. F. (Ciska) , Olff Han , Duyts Henk , van der Putten Wim H. 
Published: April 2010

Abiotic soil properties, plant community composition, and herbivory all have been reported as important factors influencing the composition of soil communities. However, most studies thus far have considered these factors in isolation, whereas they strongly interact in the field. Here, we study how grazing by vertebrate herbivores influences the soil nematode community composition of a floodplain grassland while we account for effects of grazing on plant community composition and abiotic soil properties. Nematodes are the most ubiquitous invertebrates in the soil. They include a variety of feeding types, ranging from microbial feeders to herbivores and carnivores, and they perform key functions in soil food webs.Our hypothesis was that grazing affects nematode community structure and composition through altering plant community structure and composition. Alternatively, we tested whether the effects of grazing may, directly or indirectly, run via changes in soil abiotic properties. We used a long‐term field experiment containing plots with and without vertebrate grazers (cattle and rabbits). We compared plant and nematode community structure and composition, as well as a number of key soil abiotic properties, and we applied structural equation modeling to investigate four possible pathways by which grazing may change nematode community composition.Aboveground grazing increased plant species richness and reduced both plant and nematode community heterogeneity. There was a positive relationship between plant and nematode diversity indices. Grazing decreased the number of bacterial‐feeding nematodes, indicating that in these grasslands, top‐down control of plant production by grazing leads to bottom‐up control in the basal part of the bacterial channel of the soil food web.According to the structural equation model, grazing had a strong effect on soil abiotic properties and plant community composition, whereas plant community composition was the main determinant of nematode community composition. Other pathways, which assumed that grazing influenced nematode community composition by inducing changes in soil abiotic properties, did not significantly explain variation in nematode community composition.We conclude that grazing‐induced changes in nematode community composition mainly operated via changes in plant community composition. Influences of vertebrate grazers on soil nematodes through modification of abiotic soil properties were of less importance.