bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FDG-PET AND PET/CT - Part I
Authors: Takalkar Amol M , El-Haddad Ghassan , Lilien David L 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) with 18 F fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) is now an established functional imaging modality predominantly used in the work-up of several neoplastic diseases. It also has several neurological and cardiac applications in routine clinical practice. However, the radiopharmaceutical, 18 F-FDG, most commonly used for clinical PET studies today is also taken up by inflammatory and infectious cells and it also has a potential role in inflammation imaging in the future. Since this technique provides a map of glucose metabolism in the body, it is extremely important to understand the bio-distribution of FDG in the human body and factors that alter it. Accordingly, the technique used and several patient factors have a significant impact on the quality of images obtained. Hence, it becomes critical to perform this highly sophisticated exam with adequate patient preparation, following an accepted technique and interpret the images with the knowledge of normal and physiologic bio-distribution of FDG in several body organs and tissues. With this objective, this two-series review article will review the current principles and practice of clinical FDG-PET. The first section of this article deals mostly with basic aspects of FDG-PET and PET/CT including properties of FDG, PET instrumentation and technique and normal variants.
Ultrasound of musculoskeletal soft tissue masses
Authors: Kinare Arun , Brahmnalkar Mugdha , D′Costa Shalini 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSoft tissue masses have a varied presentation. Though all masses cannot be optimally imaged on USG, its easy availability, real-time capability, and cost-effectiveness, as well as the freedom it provides to examine in any direction, make it an automatic choice as a first-line modality. Though Doppler is an exciting modality, it has its limitations and is not always rewarding. USG is more useful for superficially located masses.
The role of USG is to provide information about the extent of the mass, its nature, and its relationship to the surrounding structures. One important aim is to differentiate between a pseudotumor and a true mass lesion. Doppler can provide additional information in selected cases. USG can play a pivotal role in guiding a needle for obtaining a sample for tissue diagnosis. Benign lesions are more common than malignant ones, in day-to-day practice.
As with any other musculoskeletal examination, technical expertise and a sound knowledge of musculoskeletal anatomy are important.
Surrogate indicators of sensitivity in gynecologic cytology: Can they be used to improve the measurement of sensitivity in the laboratory?
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A , Brimo Fadi , Auger Manon 
Published: October 2009

Background:
Measuring the sensitivity of screening in gynecologic cytology in real life is problematic. However, other quality measures may correlate with sensitivity, including the atypical squamous cells (ASC)/squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) ratio. Whether these other measures can function as “surrogate indicators” for sensitivity and improve the assessment of sensitivity in the laboratory is not known.

Materials and Methods:
We compared multiple quality measures with true screening sensitivity in a variety of situations.

Results:
The abnormal rate, ASC rate, and ASC/SIL ratio were all highly correlated (r =.83 or greater) with sensitivity when the overall laboratory sensitivity was low (85%) but became less correlated (.64 or less) or uncorrelated when the screening sensitivity was higher (88% or 95%, respectively). Sensitivity was more highly correlated with the abnormal rate than the ASC/SIL ratio at low screening sensitivity. While thresholds could be set that were highly sensitive and specific for suboptimal screening, these thresholds were often less than one standard deviation away from the mean.

Conclusion:
The correlation of the abnormal rate and the ASC/SIL ratio with sensitivity depends on overall sensitivity. Standards to define minimum screening sensitivity can be defined, but these standards are relatively narrow. These features may limit the utility of these quality measures as surrogates for sensitivity.
Common Sources of Errors in Measurement Systems
Authors: Hofmann Dietrich 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The perfect measurement does not exist nor does the perfect measurement circumstance. Described here is the definition of errors in measurement systems and how errors arise in measurement systems. Errors can be classified in different classes for easier handling. Error standards for clear communication between different specialists are discussed. A glossary of terms for errors and uncertainties is included that can be used as a checklist for error handling.
Outline of Systems Thinking
Authors: Sydenham Peter H. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This article supports the practice of measuring system design by providing information on the ways to improve the development and operation through the adoption of a systems thinking approach. This helps give a sharper focus to design issues and targets the wider responsibilities of the design team. Covered here are the elements of systems engineering and systems thinking; holistic detail design; engineering reductionism and soft systems methods; systems of systems; and the application of systems thinking.
Life Cycle Concept
Authors: Patterson Floyd Guyton 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The concept of the life cycle is as old as the concept of life. Early references in the literature make clear that the concept was well understood as early as in Classical Greece. For example, Aristotle wrote of the birth and decay of living things and likened the events to the changes in the weather and the perceived motion in the heavens. In every case, the cycle begins when life begins and ends when life ends, at which time the cycle is repeated. For engineered systems, life begins when the need for the system is first addressed and ends when the system is recycled. The stages of the engineering life cycle are discussed showing how it is modeled and applied.
Practice of Vibration Measurement
Authors: Sydenham Peter H. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Vibration sensing is commonly used in many fields. The components are widely available and the methodology mature. This article describes the technology of the mass‐spring‐damper, seismic form of vibration sensor. Potential sources of error are reviewed that can arise if installation of the sensor is not sound. Calibration of this sensor type for amplitude, acceleration, shock, and force are outlined.
Iron‐catalyzed efficient three‐component allylation of imine in aqueous media
Authors: Yuan Yu , Chen Feng , Zhao Dongbo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIron trichloride hexahydrate has proved to be a very effective catalyst for the three‐component condensation of aromatic aldehydes, amines and allyltributylstannane, which produces high yields of homoallylic amines in water in the presence of surfactant SDS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decisions from experience and statistical probabilities: Why they trigger different choices than a priori probabilities
Authors: Hau Robin , Pleskac Timothy J. , Hertwig Ralph 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe distinction between risk and uncertainty is deeply entrenched in psychologists' and economists' thinking. Knight (1921), to whom it is frequently attributed, however, went beyond this dichotomy. Within the domain of risk, he set apart a priori and statistical probabilities, a distinction that maps onto that between decisions from description and experience, respectively. We argue this distinction is important because risky choices based on a priori (described) and statistical (experienced) probabilities can substantially diverge. To understand why, we examine various possible contributing factors to the description–experience gap. We find that payoff variability and memory limitations play only a small role in the emergence of the gap. In contrast, the presence of rare events and their representation as either natural frequencies in decisions from experience or single‐event probabilities in decisions from description appear relevant for the gap. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of 5 days of aspartate and asparagine supplementation on glucose transport activity in rat muscle
Authors: Lancha Antonio H. , Poortmans Jacques R. , Pereira Luciana O. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe consumption of protein supplements containing amino acids is increasing around the world. Aspartate (Asp) and asparagine (Asn) are amino acids metabolized by skeletal muscle. This metabolism involves biochemical pathways that are involved in increasing Krebs cycle activity via anaplerotic reactions, resulting in higher glutamine concentrations. A connection between amino acid supplementation, glycogen concentration, and glucose uptake has been previously demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Asp and Asn supplementation on glucose uptake in rats using three different glycogen concentrations. The results indicate that Asp and Asn supplementation in rats with high glycogen concentrations (fed state) further increased the glycogen concentration in the muscle, and decreased in vitro 2‐deoxyglucose (a glucose analog) uptake by the muscle at maximal insulin concentrations. When animals had a medium glycogen concentration (consumed lard for 3 days), glucose uptake was higher in the supplemented group at sub‐maximal insulin concentrations. We conclude that supplementation of Asp and Asn reduced glucose transport in rat muscle only at higher levels of glycogen. The ingestion of lard for 3 days changed the responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin, and that group had higher levels of insulin sensitivity with Asp and Asn supplementation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organ preservation solutions attenuate accumulation and nuclear translocation of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α in the hepatoma cell line HepG2
Authors: Paddenberg Renate , Howold Nele , Hoger Christiane , Janßen Hermann , Grau Veronika , Kummer Wolfgang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) is a key transcription factor orchestrating hypoxic and inflammatory reactions. Here, we determined the impact of organ preservation solutions (Celsior; histidine‐tryptophan‐ketoglutarate solution, HTK; University of Wisconsin solution; UW), oxygen supply, and temperature on HIF‐1α accumulation, recorded by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry, in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NO, and cell viability were concomitantly assessed. At 4°C, HIF‐1α accumulation was not detectable. In normothermic (37°C) cell culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, DMEM), HepG2 cells accumulated HIF‐1α even in normoxia (21% O2) which was not observed in either of the preservation solutions. This correlated to high generation of NO, a normoxic stabilizer of HIF‐1α, and L‐arginine content (substrate for NO synthesis) in DMEM, and low NO production and absence of L‐arginine in preservation solutions. In normothermic hypoxia up to 24 h, intracellular HIF‐1α accumulated in all conditions, but less in preservation solutions compared to DMEM. The inhibitory effect on accumulation and nuclear translocation was most prominent for HTK, the only solution containing the activator of HIF‐1α degradation, α‐ketoglutarate. Addition of other intermediates of the tricarbon acid cycle—succinate, fumarate, malate—did not alter HIF‐1α accumulation, although succinate exhibited a beneficial effect on cell viability in cold storage. In conclusion, preservation solutions attenuate accumulation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor HIF‐1α, and this property is seemingly related to their chemical composition (L‐arginine, α‐ketoglutarate). Thus, it appears feasible to design preservation solution specifically to modify HIF‐1α accumulation and nuclear translocation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Lanthanide—Silicon Cluster Anions LnSin‐ (3 ≤ n ≤ 13; Ln: Ho, Gd, Pr, Sm, Eu, Yb): Prospect for Magnetic Silicon‐Based Clusters.
Authors: Grubisic Andrej , Ko Yeon Jae , Wang Haopeng , Bowen Kit H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Infrared Spectrum and Thermal Behavior of α‐BaHPO4.
Authors: Hoeppe Henning A. , Daub Michael , Oeckler Oliver 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magneto‐Transport Properties of Polycrystalline YBa2 (Cu1‐xMx)3O7‐δ (M: B and Mn).
Authors: Albiss B. A. , Obaidat I. M. , Gharaibeh M. , Hatamleh W. , Barhoum S. A. , Hasan M. K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Magnetic Properties of Hole‐Doped (La0.56Ce0.14)Sr0.30MnO3 Perovskite.
Authors: Kallel Nabil , Kallel Sami , Pena Octavio , Oumezzine Mohamed 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sb‐MOx‐C (M: Al, Ti, or Mo) Nanocomposite Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Yoon Sukeun , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic Activity of Cu2O Nanoparticles Prepared Through Novel Synthesis Method of Precursor Reduction in the Presence of Thiosulfate.
Authors: Kakuta Seiji , Abe Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Noncentrosymmetric Ce3OCl[AsO3]2.
Authors: Ben Yahia Hamdi , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical and Magnetic Properties of Inorganic Polymers Constructed from Mn(II)/Co(II)‐Substituted Heteropolymolybdates.
Authors: Liu Xizheng , Gao Guanggang , Xu Lin , Li Fengyan , Liu Li , Jiang Ning , Yang Yanyang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Fluorination of La2CuO4: A Mild “Chimie Douce” Route to Superconducting Oxyfluoride Materials.
Authors: Delville M. H. , Barbut D. , Wattiaux A. , Bassat J. M. , Menetrier M. , Labrugere C. , Grenier J. C. , Etourneau J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Selenium‐Containing Chiral Amines Catalyzed by Palladium (Pd/BaSO4) and Candida antartica Lipase (CAL‐B).
Authors: Andrade Leandro H. , Silva Alexandre V. , Pedrozo Eliane C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (η6‐Arene)RuII/Chiral SN Ligand: A Novel Bifunctional Catalyst System for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones.
Authors: Ito Masato , Shibata Yuji , Watanabe Akira , Ikariya Takao 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterometal Clusters Ln2Na8 (OCH2CH2NMe2)12(OH)2 as Homogeneous Catalysts for the Tishchenko Reaction.
Authors: Li Lan , Sheng Hongting , Xu Fan , Shen Qi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lossen‐Type Rearrangement Products in the Reaction of N‐(Phthalimidoyloxy)‐3‐phenylpropionate and ‐tosylate with Benzyl Alcohol.
Authors: Takagi Shunsuke , Sheikh Md. Chanmiya , Ogasawara Asako , Ohira Masayuki , Abe Hitoshi , Morita Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly‐Selective and High‐Speed Claisen Rearrangement Induced with Subcritical Water Microreaction in the Absence of Catalyst.
Authors: Sato Masahiro , Otabe Nobuhiro , Tuji Tomoya , Matsushima Keiichiro , Kawanami Hajime , Chatterjee Maya , Yokoyama Toshiro , Ikushima Yutaka , Suzuki Toshishige Maro 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Pd(II)‐ and Ni(II)‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Terminal Alkenes into 2‐Alkenes.
Authors: Lim Hwan Jung , Smith Craig R. , RajanBabu T. V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green and Efficient Oxidation of Alcohols by Supported Gold Catalysts Using Aqueous H2O2 under Organic Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Ni Ji , Yu Wen‐Jian , He Lin , Sun Hao , Cao Yong , He He‐Yong , Gan Kang‐Nian 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives as Efficient Organic Reductants for Transfer Hydrogenation.
Authors: Zhang Yongbin , Zhou Guofu , Guo Wei 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of an Extremely Air‐Stable Binuclear Hafnocene Perfluorooctanesulfonate Complex and Its Use in Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reactions.
Authors: Qiu Renhua , Zhang Guoping , Zhu Yuyang , Xu Xinhua , Shao Lingling , Li Yinhui , An Delie , Yin Shuangfeng 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NbCl5‐Mediated Deprotection of Methoxy Methyl Ether.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Ganganna B. , Bhunia Dinesh C. , Srihari P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: ipso‐Acylation of 5,13‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐8,16‐dimethyl[2.2]metacyclophane with Acid Anhydrides: Through‐Space Electronic Interaction Among the Two Benzene Rings.
Authors: Shimizu Tomoe , Paudel Arjun , Yamato Takehiko 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spiroborate Ester‐Mediated Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy Ethers and Its Conversion to Highly Enantiopure β‐Amino Ethers.
Authors: Huang Kun , Ortiz‐Marciales Margarita , Correa Wildeliz , Pomales Edgardo , Lopez Xaira Y. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.