bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between postoperative hyperactive delirium and major complications in elderly patients undergoing emergency hip fracture surgery: A large‐scale cohort study
Authors: Sun Mingyang , Chen Wan‐Ming , Wu Szu‐Yuan , Zhang Jiaqiang 
Published: May 2024

AimThis cohort study aimed to explore the connection between postoperative hyperactive delirium and major complications in elderly patients undergoing emergency hip fracture surgery.MethodsElderly patients aged 65 years and older undergoing emergency hip fracture surgery were included in the study. The presence of postoperative hyperactive delirium was assessed, and logistic regression analysis, following propensity score matching, was conducted to investigate the association between postoperative hyperactive delirium and major complications occurring 30 and 90 days post‐surgery. The analysis controlled for potential confounding factors.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, the analysis included 13 590 patients, equally distributed with 6795 in each group. The group experiencing postoperative hyperactive delirium exhibited a significantly elevated risk of 30‐day postoperative complications, including acute renal failure, pneumonia, septicemia, and stroke, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.64 to 2.39. Furthermore, this group displayed notably higher rates of 90‐day postoperative complications, encompassing mortality, acute renal failure, pneumonia, septicemia, and stroke, with a significantly increased incidence of mortality within 90 days.ConclusionPostoperative hyperactive delirium in elderly patients undergoing emergency hip fracture surgery is significantly linked to an increased risk of major complications at both 30 and 90 days post‐surgery. These findings underscore the critical importance of delirium prevention and management in this patient population, offering the potential to reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 730–736.
Slurry‐impregnating hot‐press sintered silicon carbide nanofiber/silicon carbide composites with Al‐B‐C as sintering additives
Authors: Tao Jiyu , Lou Yongwei , Li Jinxia , Chen Hao , Chen Jianjun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSilicon carbide nanofiber/silicon carbide (SiCnf/SiC) composites with a laminar stacking structure were prepared by the slurry impregnation hot‐press sintering using aluminum (Al) powder, boron (B) powder, and carbon black as sintering aids. SiCnf paper was fabricated using nanofibers and impregnated with the slurry of SiCnp and sintering aids, and the SiCnf/SiC preforms were fabricated by the alternating stack of the SiCnf paper and SiCnp. The pyrolysis carbon and boron nitride interface layers were deposited on the surface of SiCnf by chemical vapor deposition and vacuum impregnation‐pyrolysis methods. The effects of different sintering temperatures on the relative density, porosity, sectional microscopic morphology, and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the fracture toughness of SiCnf/SiC composites is significantly improved. The mechanical properties of the composites were optimized at a sintering temperature of 1950°C and a sintering pressure of 30 MPa, with flexural strength and fracture toughness of 548 MPa and 15.86 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The liquid phase Al8B4C7 compound generated at the high temperature promoted the densification of the composites.
Microstructure and densification mechanism of tabular corundum aggregates: Role of molding methods
Authors: Yu Haili , Han Bingqiang , Wei Jiawei , Duan Junlong , Li Youqi , Miao Zheng , Yan Wen , Chen Junfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, tabular corundum aggregates were prepared using the rolling ball method and semi‐dry pressing combined with the cold isostatic pressing method, using industrial alumina raw powder as the raw material and water as the binder, respectively. Then, the influence of various molding methods on phase composition, microstructure, pore characteristics, densification, and physical properties was investigated by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Archimedes’ principle. The results revealed that tabular corundum aggregates prepared using the rolling ball method had higher bulk density and lower apparent porosity. It also rendered a relatively homogeneous grain size distribution and a high cylinder compressive strength retention rate of 68.0%. The grain size distribution and pore size distribution of tabular corundum aggregates prepared using semi‐dry pressing combined with the cold isostatic pressing method were wide, and there were a few large pores, which decreased the strength and densification. Green density was a key factor influencing the sintering; the two molding methods minimized porosity and improved the green density through collision extrusion and external force, respectively. Meanwhile, the molding process also increased the contact points between particles and the material migration channels, which had an impact on the densification mechanism of tabular corundum aggregates.
Pressure injury education for older adults and carers living in community settings: A scoping review
Authors: Sahay Ashlyn , Willis Eileen , Yu Stephen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOlder adults are at increased risk of pressure injuries (PIs) due to age‐related changes. Traditionally, PI knowledge and education have been delivered in hospitals and residential aged care facilities, however, there remains a critical gap in understanding how PI knowledge on prevention and management is shared with older adults and their carers living in the community. We aimed to describe the nature and characteristics of structured and unstructured PI education programs available to community‐dwelling older adults and their carers. As coping review was undertaken. We searched five databases: CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library and ProQuest from 2009 to August 2023. The review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's six‐step framework and adhered to the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. It included primary peer‐reviewed papers published in English, which focus on PI education for older adults and/or their carers living in community settings. Data extraction was organised in a table, and findings presented as a narrative summary. One‐hundred and thirty‐six papers were screened and four included in the review. Results indicate that consideration was placed on literacy levels and cognitive status of older adults and their carers when designing PI education materials. Educational materials such as leaflets/brochures, in‐person training sessions or a combination of both were used. However, duration of these interventions varied, lasting for 1–4 weeks while others were completed over 12 months. Some improvements in PI knowledge such as how to treat PI, dietary requirements and importance of mobility were noted. However, information retention and its translation into effective long‐term behaviour change remained unclear. In conclusion, adopting a multifaceted educational approach increases the effectiveness of PI knowledge translation. Continuous education, support and reinforcement on PIs over time are necessary when interacting with older adults and caregivers to ensure long‐term management and prevention success. Conversations on PIs should start at the primary care levels when older adults and carers are visiting their GP clinics and accessing support services for other healthcare needs. Understanding older adults' and carers' literacy levels, cognitive status and cultural background can assist clinicians in designing and delivering fit‐for‐purpose PI educational interventions that are accessible, relatable and effective in promoting knowledge transfer and behaviour change. Carers are vital conduits in the care continuum. These factors will lead to a more informed, collaborative and person‐centred approaches to PI management and prevention.
Bond‐based peridynamics model of 3‐point bend tests of ceramic‐composite interfaces
Authors: Battistini Angelo , Haynes Thomas A. , Jones Lloyd , Wenman Mark R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe need for ceramic composites is increasing over a vast range of industrial applications, including energy and nuclear technology (structural materials for fission and fusion applications); space (thermal shields) or chemical sectors. Current finite element (FE) models are not able to reproduce the aleatory nature of crack generation and propagation through materials and interfaces. To tackle the shortcomings of FE models, a nonlocal bond‐based peridynamics model implemented in the Abaqus FE code has been updated to reproduce the behavior of interfaces between ceramic materials. Two‐ and three‐dimensional simulations have been used to simulate three‐point bend tests for a range of ceramic composites and compared with experiments available in the literature. The model reproduced most of the experimental failure loads, as well as correctly reproducing the failure modes and crack patterns. In particular, the model was able to predict two mechanisms for interface failure, cohesive failure, in which the two materials separate exactly at the interface, and cohesive failure of the substrate, in which a thin layer of the weaker material remains attached to the stronger material and a crack propagates in the weaker material, rather than at the interface. Both failure modes are experimentally observed and still difficult to reproduce with currently available FE simulations.
Flash‐induced defects in single‐crystal 8YSZ characterized by TEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Jo Seohyeon , Kindelmann Moritz , Jennings Dylan , Balice Luca , Sohn Yoo Jung , Scheld Walter Sebastian , Bram Martin , Guillon Olivier , Mayer Joachim , Raj Rishi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present direct evidence, for the first time, for the flash‐induced generation of crystal defects in single‐crystal cubic zirconia. The defects are characterized by multiple techniques. The crystals were flashed and then cooled down to ambient temperature in Ar atmosphere to preserve the electronic conductivity from the steady state of flash. Transmission electron microscopy revealed colonies of defects. The crystal structure, the non‐stoichiometry, and the electronic structure of oxygen ions within these colonies were characterized. They consist of oxygen‐depleted compositions. Selected area electron diffraction revealed the structure of these zirconia suboxides to be epitaxially coherent with the parent cubic structure but with a smaller lattice parameter. Electron energy loss spectroscopy spectra showed the peak near 25 mV to shift toward metallic zirconium. The electronic conductivity of the flashed cubic zirconia is attributed to this suboxide phase. The phase also gave rise to new peaks in Raman spectroscopy. A surprising finding was the presence of a distinct, ∼30 nm thick layer of the suboxide on the surface of the crystal. The surface layer showed a high degree of oxygen deficiency. It was also epitaxial, but with an even smaller lattice parameter than the defect colonies underneath the surface. Mechanical polishing of the crystal to remove this surface layer gave a broad view of the interconnected network of defects across the entire specimen; the length scale of this network was about 0.2 mm. Recent work, where an overlay of a magnetic field caused the flash to migrate from a flashing surface into a free‐standing workpiece, suggests the presence of evanescent plasma, which may have a connection to this surface layer.
Puerarin mitigated LPS‐ATP or HG‐primed endothelial cells damage and diabetes‐associated cardiovascular disease via ROS‐NLRP3 signalling
Authors: Wei Huizhen , Sun Mengru , Wang Ruixuan , Zeng Hairong , Zhao Bei , Jin Shenyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe occurrence and development of diabetic vascular diseases are closely linked to inflammation‐induced endothelial dysfunction. Puerarin (Pue), the primary component of Pueraria lobata, possesses potent anti‐inflammatory properties. However, its vasoprotective role remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated whether Pue can effectively protect against vascular damage induced by diabetes. In the study, Pue ameliorated lipopolysaccharide‐adenosine triphosphate (LPS‐ATP) or HG‐primed cytotoxicity and apoptosis, while inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in HUVECs, as evidenced by significantly decreased ROS level, NOX4, Caspase‐1 activity and expression of NLRP3, GSDMD, cleaved caspase‐1, IL‐1β and IL‐18. Meanwhile, ROS inducer CoCI2 efficiently weakened the effects of Pue against LPS‐ATP‐primed pyroptosis. In addition, NLRP3 knockdown notably enhanced Pue's ability to suppress pyroptosis in LPS‐ATP‐primed HUVECs, whereas overexpression of NLRP3 reversed the inhibitory effects of Pue. Furthermore, Pue inhibited the expression of ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome‐associated proteins on the aorta in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Our findings indicated that Pue might ameliorate LPS‐ATP or HG‐primed damage in HUVECs by inactivating the ROS‐NLRP3 signalling pathway.
Chondroitin polymerizing factor promotes development and progression of colorectal cancer via facilitating transcription of VEGFB
Authors: Huang Yuan , Zhang Zhen , Tong Hanxing , Qin Wenzheng , Li Quanlin , Ma Lili , Ren Zhong , Chen Weifeng , Zhang Yiqun , Zhong Yunshi , Yao Liqing , Zhou Pinghong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent malignancy affecting the digestive system on a global scale. This study aimed to explore the previously unexplored role of CHPF in the progression of CRC. Our results revealed a significant upregulation of CHPF expression in CRC tumour tissues compared to normal tissues, with its levels correlating with tumour malignancy. In vitro experiments using CRC cell lines demonstrated that inhibiting CHPF expression suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation and cell migration, while promoting apoptosis. Conversely, overexpressing CHPF had the opposite effect. Additionally, our xenograft models in mice confirmed the inhibitory impact of CHPF knockdown on CRC progression using various cell models. Mechanistic investigations unveiled that CHPF may enhance VEGFB expression through E2F1‐mediated transcription. Functionally, suppressing VEGFB expression successfully mitigated the oncogenic effects induced by CHPF overexpression. Collectively, these findings suggest that CHPF may act as a tumour promoter in CRC, operating in a VEGFB‐dependent manner and could be a potential target for therapeutic interventions in CRC treatment.
Global epidemiology of early‐onset upper gastrointestinal cancer: trend from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Auttapracha Thanida , Kongarin Siwanart , Ponvilawan Ben , Simadibrata Daniel M. , Duangsonk Kwanjit , Jaruvattanadilok Supitchaya , Saowapa Sakditad , Suparan Kanokphong , Lui Rashid N. , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Wallace Michael B. , Wijarnpreecha Karn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimIn recent years, there has been a growing incidence of gastrointestinal cancer in young individuals. Despite its significant morbidity and mortality, research on upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer in young populations has been relatively limited. Therefore, studies on the epidemiological changes of this cancer are needed.MethodsUsing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we examined the incidence, death, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) from UGI cancers in the young, namely, early‐onset esophageal cancer (EOEC) and early‐onset gastric cancer (EOGC). These results were stratified by sex, geographical region, country, and sociodemographic index.ResultsThere was a total of 185 140 cases, 120 289 deaths, and 5.70 million DALYs attributable to early‐onset UGI cancers globally. From 2010 to 2019, the global incidence, death, and DALYs rates of early‐onset UGI cancers decreased. In contrast, the incidence rates increased in both EOEC (+1.15%) and EOGC (+0.21%) in the Eastern Mediterranean region.ConclusionsOver the past decade, the burden of UGI cancer in the young has decreased. However, it has increased in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Further research to elucidate the attributable risk factors in this population is warranted.
Characterization and identification of Burkholderia gladioli causing stalk rot of sweet corn in Thailand
Authors: Chiangkhaek Onnapha , Akarapisan Angsana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStalk rot disease is becoming an important disease in sweet corn crops because it causes significant yield losses of the crop. In July 2022, typical symptoms of stem rot were observed in fields of Mae Hia Agricultural Research, Demonstration and Training Center in Chiang Mai province of Thailand. The symptoms exhibited by affected crop included circular water‐soaked lesions, rot and necrotic tissue at the base of the stalk. Koch's postulates were fulfilled with reisolation of the inoculated strain from the inoculated tissues, and confirmation was obtained by phenotypic characters and 16S rRNA sequences. The isolated colony on nutrient agar was cream‐coloured, circular, with a convex elevation, entire margin and smooth surface; the optical character was translucent and exuded a yellowish pigment that diffused in the nutrient agar, gram‐negative, lacked arginine dihydrolase, occurrence of the oxidase and catalase reaction. The strains were able to utilize d‐galactose and glucose but were unable to utilize d‐maltose, d‐cellobiose, d‐fructose, d‐mannose, mannitol, lactose and sucrose. The strains showed positive results for gelatine liquefaction test, citrate utilization and casein hydrolysis, but starch hydrolysis and indole production were negative result. These characteristics are the same as those described previously for Burkholderia gladioli. Disease severity in sweet corn was 43.8%, with infections showing spots with dark margins and soft rot on mature leaves and flag leaves. Disease severity in waxy corn and maize were 21.9% and 15.6%, respectively, showing a few light or dark brown spots at the infection sites. Therefore, this represents the first report of leaf stripe and stalk rot disease in sweet corn in Thailand.
Unemployment and households' food consumption: A cross‐country panel data analysis across OECD countries
Authors: Been Jim , Bakker Vincent , van Vliet Olaf 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing a panel of all 38 OECD countries for the time period 1980–2020, we estimate elasticities between aggregate unemployment and households' average food consumption. For food consumption measured in calorie intake, we find a small but statistically and economically significant negative elasticity of about 0.02 with unemployment. This elasticity is about 0.03 for food spending measured in protein intake which suggests that unemployment most likely leads to decreases in the quality of food primarily, on average. These findings are robust to a wide variety of consumption definitions, functional forms, types of wealth and income fluctuations, countries considered, and institutions considered. Our results suggest that unemployment insurance benefits and households' savings both matter for the size of the elasticity, thereby operating as automatic stabilizers.
Insights into the molecular mechanisms of malnutrition‐associated steatohepatitis: A review
Authors: Sharma Vinesh , Patial Vikram 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMalnutrition is a public health epidemic mainly targeting poverty‐stricken people, young ones, older people, pregnant women, and individuals with metabolic disorders. Severe malnutrition is linked with several metabolic defects, such as hepatic dysfunction, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and osteoarthritis. The proper functioning of the liver plays a crucial role in ensuring the supply of nutrients to the body. Consequently, inadequate nutrition can lead to severe periportal hepatic steatosis due to compromised mitochondrial and peroxisome functions. Reduced protein intake disrupts essential metabolic processes like the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and β‐oxidation, ultimately affecting ATP production. Furthermore, this can trigger a cascade of events, including disturbances in amino acid metabolism, iron metabolism, and gut microbiota, which activate genes involved in de novo lipogenesis, leading to the accumulation of lipids in the liver. The condition, in prolonged cases, progresses to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Limited therapeutic solutions are available; however, few dietary supplements and drugs have demonstrated positive effects on the growth and health of malnourished individuals. These supplements improve parameters such as inflammatory and oxidative status, reduce triglyceride accumulation, enhance insulin sensitivity, and downregulate gene expression in hepatic lipid metabolism. This review elucidates the various mechanisms involved in malnutrition‐associated steatohepatitis and provides an overview of the available approaches for treating this condition.
The deictic content of demonstratives
Authors: Skilton Amalia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhat do demonstratives, like this/that and here/there, encode about their referents? The traditional answer argues that the deictic content of demonstratives is mostly about distance from the speaker – that proximals like this encode that the referent is near the speaker, while distals like that mean it is far from them. This speaker‐centered, distance‐based view is intuitively appealing, but recent research in linguistics, psychology, and anthropology has challenged it in many ways. I review three of the most active debates in this new literature, where recent authors – in contrast to the traditional view – have argued that (i) the spatial deictic content of demonstratives is about location relative to socially or perceptually defined perimeters, not distance; (ii) deictic content often concerns perception or attention, not space; and (iii) deictic content can relate the referent to the addressee or the speaker‐addressee interactive dyad, as well as to the speaker. Under these new analyses, the deictic content of demonstratives is fundamentally social and interactive, not purely speaker‐centered or distance‐based.