bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ind represses msh expression in the intermediate column of the Drosophila neuroectoderm, through direct interaction with upstream regulatory DNA
Authors: Von Ohlen Tonia , Moses Cade , Poulson Will 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe Drosophila neurectoderm is initially subdivided across the dorsoventral (DV) axis into three domains that are defined by the expression of three homeodomain containing proteins. These are from ventral to dorsal: Ventral nervous system defective (vnd), Intermediate neuroblasts defective (ind) and Muscle segment homeobox (msh). This is remarkably similar to the distribution of the orthologous homeodomain proteins in the developing neural tube of mice and Zebrafish. This pattern is partially governed by a ‘ventral dominance’ mechanism, in which Vnd represses ind and Ind represses msh. A major unanswered question in this process is: How does Ind direct positioning of the ventral border of msh expression. Toward this goal, we have identified regulatory DNA essential for expression of msh in the early neurectoderm. In addition, we demonstrated that Ind acts directly in this element by a combination of genetic and molecular experiments. Specifically, expression is expanded ventrally in ind mutant embryos and Ind protein directly and specifically bound to the msh regulatory DNA, and this interaction was required to limit the ventral boundary of msh expression. Developmental Dynamics 238:2735–2744, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of responsive cells in the developing somite supports a role for β‐catenin‐dependent Wnt signaling in maintaining the DML myogenic progenitor pool
Authors: Brauner Ian , Spicer Douglas B. , Krull Catherine E. , Venuti Judith M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSomitic β‐catenin is involved in both maintaining a stem cell population and controlling myogenic differentiation. It is unclear how β‐catenin‐dependent Wnt signaling accomplishes these disparate roles. The present study shows that only dorsal cells in the early somite respond to β‐catenin‐dependent Wnt signaling and as the somites compartmentalize to form the dermomyotome and myotome, responding cells are detected primarily in the dorsomedial lip (DML). Forced activation of Wnt target genes in DML cells prevents their progeny from entering the myotome, while blocking activation allows myotomal entry. This suggests a role for β‐catenin‐dependent/Wnt signaling in maintaining progenitor cells in the DML and that if β‐catenin‐dependent/Wnt signaling is required to induce myogenesis, the response is transitory and rapidly down‐regulated. Developmental Dynamics 239:222–236, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning and characterization of voltage‐gated calcium channel alpha1 subunits in Xenopus laevis during development
Authors: Lewis Brittany B. , Wester Matthew R. , Miller Lauren E. , Nagarkar Maitreyi D. , Johnson M. Brittany , Saha Margaret S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractVoltage‐gated calcium channels play a critical role in regulating the Ca2+ activity that mediates many aspects of neural development, including neural induction, neurotransmitter phenotype specification, and neurite outgrowth. Using Xenopus laevis embryos, we describe the spatial and temporal expression patterns during development of the 10 pore‐forming alpha1 subunits that define the channels' kinetic properties. In situ hybridization indicates that CaV1.2, CaV2.1, CaV2.2, and CaV3.2 are expressed during neurula stages throughout the neural tube. These, along with CaV1.3 and CaV2.3, beginning at early tail bud stages, and CaV3.1 at late tail bud stages, are detected in complex patterns within the brain and spinal cord through swimming tadpole stages. Additional expression of various alpha1 subunits was observed in the cranial ganglia, retina, olfactory epithelium, pineal gland, and heart. The unique expression patterns for the different alpha1 subunits suggests they are under precise spatial and temporal regulation and are serving specific functions during embryonic development. Developmental Dynamics 238:2891–2902, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A deregulated immune response to gliadin causes a decreased villus height in DQ8 transgenic mice
Authors: D'Arienzo Rossana , Stefanile Rosita , Maurano Francesco , Luongo Diomira , Bergamo Paolo , Mazzarella Giuseppe , Troncone Riccardo , Auricchio Salvatore , David Chella , Rossi Mauro 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCeliac disease (CD) is an enteropathy triggered by gluten and mediated by CD4+T cells. A complete understanding of CD immunopathogenesis has been hindered due to the lack of adequate in vivo models. Here, we explored the effect of the inhibition of COX by indomethacin in wheat gliadin‐sensitized transgenic mice expressing the HLA‐DQ8 heterodimer, a molecule associated with CD. Treated mice showed a gliadin‐specific immune response with a significant reduction of villus height, not linked to crypt hyperplasia and to expansion of intraepithelial T cells. Notably, treated mice showed increased numbers of CD25+ and apoptotic cells in the lamina propria, whereas high basal levels of IFN‐γ secretion, along with a reduced gliadin‐specific IL‐2 expression were detected in MLN. Biochemical assessment of the lesion revealed increased mRNA of Lamb3 and Adamts2, encoding for ECM proteins, and enhanced activities of metalloproteinases MMP1, 2 and 7. We conclude that an intestinal sensitivity to gliadin, in connection with COX inhibition, caused a decreased villus height in DQ8 tg mice. The lesion was induced by a deregulated mucosal cell immunity to gliadin, thus triggering activation of a specific ECM protein pathway responsible for lamina propria remodeling.
A Novel Boron Oxide Organic Open‐Framework Compound: B6O9(en)2@(H2en)Cl2
Authors: Liu Mei‐Chen , Zhou Peng , Yao Hua‐Gang , Ji Shou‐Hua , Zhang Ren‐Chun , Ji Min , An Yong‐Lin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA new boron oxide organic open‐framework compound with (H2en)Cl2 as a template was synthesized solvothermally and characterized by various techniques such as elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and luminescence. The framework is built up from neutral [B6O9] layers linked by ethylenediamine molecules through coordinative B–N bonds.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Application of synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy for determination of extra virgin olive oil adulteration
Authors: Dankowska Anna , Małecka Maria 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe potential of fluorescence spectroscopy for detecting adulteration of extra virgin olive oil with olive oil was investigated. Synchronous fluorescence spectra were collected in the region of 240–700 nm with wavelength intervals (Δλ) of 10, 30, 60 and 80 nm. Regression models were used to quantify the detection limits of adulteration. The technique applied proved to be useful for detecting the addition of olive oil to extra virgin olive oil. The lowest detection limits of adulteration (8.9% and 8.4%) were observed when the wavelength interval applied were 60 and 80 nm, respectively.
Effect of processing parameters on sunflower phosphatidylcholine‐enriched fractions extracted with aqueous ethanol
Authors: Cabezas Dario M. , Diehl Bernd , Tomás Mabel C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLecithins are widely used in the food industry because of their multifunctional characteristics. Fractionation of the original mixture of phospholipids in lecithin is desirable for certain applications. The influence of ethanol/water mixtures (90 : 10 to 96 : 4) and other operative conditions (temperature 35–65 °C, incubation time 30–90 min, solvent/lecithin ratio 2 : 1, 3 : 1) on the extraction of phosphatidylcholine (PC)‐enriched fractions of sunflower lecithin (a non‐GMO product) was investigated. Yield % and phospholipid composition of the enriched PC fractions as well as the residue were determined. The percent extraction coefficient of each phospholipid (EPC, EPE and EPI) in the enriched PC fraction was calculated. Values of EPC varied from 6.5 (35 °C, 30 min, 2 : 1, 90 : 10) to 52.6 (65 °C, 90 min, 3 : 1, 96 : 4). High temperature and long incubation time produced a significant increase of this coefficient (p <0.05) while a high water content in the ethanolic mixture resulted in a considerable decrease in PC extraction. EPI (<3%) values showed the high insolubility of phosphatidylinositol. Statistical analysis and response surface methodology evidenced the influence of the different variables on the extraction of PC‐enriched fractions at laboratory scale.
Quantum‐chemical treatment of the linoleic acid molecule and two of its conjugated isomers
Authors: Kurban Sevil , Erkoç Figen , Erkoç Şakir 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe structural, vibrational and electronic properties of the linoleic acid molecule and two of its conjugated isomers were investigated theoretically by performing the molecular mechanics (MM+ force field), the semi‐empirical self‐consistent‐field molecular‐orbital (PM3), and the density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations. The geometries of the considered molecules were optimized; the vibrational dynamics and the electronic properties were calculated in their ground states in the gas phase. It was found that the excess charge accumulated on hydrogen atoms bonded to double‐bonded carbon atoms is relatively small, which may cause these hydrogen atoms to be easily abstracted.
Biosynthesis of lipids and organic acids by Yarrowia lipolytica strains cultivated on glucose
Authors: Papanikolaou Seraphim , Chatzifragkou Afroditi , Fakas Stylianos , Galiotou‐Panayotou Maria , Komaitis Michael , Nicaud Jean‐Marc , Aggelis George 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe biochemical behavior of wild‐type or genetically modified (presenting decreased expression of intracellular acyl‐CoA oxidases) Yarrowia lipolytica strains cultivated on commercial glucose was studied. Flask nitrogen‐limited cultures were performed favoring the production of organic acids (and potentially the accumulation of lipid). Nitrogen depletion induced secretion of citric acid, while intracellular lipid was not produced in high quantities. Maximum total citric acid up to 49 g/L (yield 0.85 g/g glucose) was produced. In some of the wild‐type strains, an increase of glucose in the medium also induced noticeable production of acetic acid. Increasing the amount of added glucose led to an increase in the total lipid quantity (%) produced, although in the stationary growth phase the concentration of lipid declined, indicating lipid degradation even for the genetically modified strains. Total lipid amount did not exceed the value of 14%, while neutral fractions increased with increase in glucose concentration. In all cases, the total microbial lipids and major lipid fractions were composed of C16 and C18 (principally unsaturated) fatty acids. Finally, in several of the strains cultured in media containing a low glucose concentration, unicellular morphology was observed, while at high glucose concentrations mycelia were predominant.
Bene hull oil as a highly stable and antioxidative vegetable oil
Authors: Farhoosh Reza , Khodaparast Mohammad Hossein Haddad , Sharif Ali 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFatty acid composition, peroxide value, acid value, iodine value, saponification number, unsaponifiable matter content, total tocopherols and phenolics contents, and wax content of Bene hull oil (BHO) were determined and compared to those of Bene kernel oil (BKO) and extra‐virgin olive oil (EVOLO). Considering the fatty acid composition and total tocopherols and phenolics contents, the resistance to the production of conjugated diene hydroperoxides and carbonyl compounds during the heating process at 170 °C for BHO was about 4.2 and 7.3 times and about 1.7 and 2.0 times those of BKO and EVOLO, respectively. The antioxidant activity of BHO was exactly the same as that of tert‐butylhydroquinone at low concentrations (100 ppm).
Vegetable oil‐based thermosetting polymers
Authors: Galià Marina , de Espinosa Lucas Montero , Ronda Joan Carles , Lligadas Gerard , Cádiz Virginia 
Published: September 2009

AbstractVegetable oils are excellent renewable raw materials for thermosetting polymers. By the direct polymerization of triglyceride C=C, we obtained organic‐inorganic hybrid materials with promising properties for optical applications by the hydrosilylation of alkenyl‐terminated fatty acid derivatives. The presence of double bonds in triglycerides makes it possible to attach some functional groups through chemical modification, and we describe various chemical pathways for functionalizing triglycerides and fatty acids. Epoxidation is one of the most interesting chemical modifications that leads to epoxidized vegetable oils. We report the preparation of biobased polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes‐nanocomposites from epoxidized linseed oil. Moreover, we describe the preparation of a new family of epoxidized methyl oleate‐based polyether polyols, which were used in the synthesis of polyurethanes with specific applications: silicon‐containing polyurethanes with enhanced flame‐retardant properties and polyurethane networks with potential applications in biomedicine. An enone‐containing triglyceride derivative was obtained, by an environmentally friendly chemical procedure from high oleic sunflower oil that could be cross‐linked with diamines. In a similar way, triglycerides containing secondary allylic alcohols can be obtained that can be further functionalized with acrylate or phosphorus‐containing derivatives to obtain flame‐retardant thermosets.
Differential Stereocontrolled Formation of Tricyclic Triterpenes by Mutation of Tyrosine 99 of the Oxidosqualene‐Lanosterol Cyclase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wu Tung‐Kung , Li Wen‐Hsuan , Chang Cheng‐Hsiang , Wen Hao‐Yu , Liu Yuan‐Ting , Chang Yi‐Chun 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe function of the Tyr99 residue from Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidosqualene‐lanosterol cyclase (ERG7) was analyzed by constructing deletion and site‐saturated mutants. Two truncated intermediates, (13αH)‐isomalabarica‐14Z,17E,21‐trien‐3β‐ol and (13αH)‐isomalabarica‐14E,17E,21‐trien‐3β‐ol, were isolated from the ERG7Y99X mutants. These results suggest that the functional role of ERG7Y99 is to affect both chair–boat 6–6–5 tricyclic Markovnikov C‐14 cation stabilization and thestereochemistry of the protons at the C‐15 position for subsequent deprotonation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Novel Synthesis of 4H‐Quinolizine Derivatives Using Sulfonyl Ketene Dithioacetals
Authors: Hagimori Masayori , Matsui Sayaka , Mizuyama Naoko , Yokota Kenichirou , Nagaoka Junko , Tominaga Yoshinori 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn the synthesis of 4H‐quinolizine derivatives involving the use of a sulfonyl ketene dithioacetal, we found a novel reaction in which the remaining methylsulfanyl group was replaced with a proton after the ring‐closure reaction in the quinolizine skeleton under mild conditions, without the use of any metallic reagent. The reaction of 3,3‐bis(methylsulfanyl)‐2‐phenylsulfonylacrylonitriles (1a,b) with 2‐pyridylacetonitrile (2a) in the presence of potassium carbonate as a base in DMSO afforded 4‐imino‐2‐methylsulfanyl‐3‐phenylsulfonyl‐4H‐quinolizine‐1‐carbonitriles (3a,b). The methylsulfanyl group at the 2‐position of 3a,b was readily removed under methanol reflux conditions to afford 4‐imino‐3‐phenylsulfonyl‐4H‐quinolizine‐1‐carbonitriles (4a,b) in good yields. Alkyl 3‐phenylsulfonyl‐4H‐quinolizine‐1‐carboxylates (4c–f) were directly synthesized from sulfonyl ketene dithioacetal (1a,b) with alkyl 2‐pyridylacetates (2b,c) and involved desulfanylation by simple hydrolysis. In addition, the fluorescent properties of these compounds were investigated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Nonisothermal two‐ and three‐dimensional flow simulations of inelastic and viscoelastic fluids by a finite‐volume method
Authors: Khalifeh Ahmad , Clermont Jean‐Robert 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper applies the finite‐volume method to computations of steady flows of viscous and viscoelastic incompressible fluids in complex two and three‐dimensional geometries. The materials adopted in the study obey different constitutive laws: Newtonian, purely viscous Carreau–Yasuda as also Upper‐Convected Maxwell and Phan‐Thien/Tanner differential models, with a Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation for temperature dependence. Specific analyses are made depending on the rheological model. A staggered grid is used for discretizing the equations and unknowns. Stockage possibilities allow us to solve problems involving a great number of degrees of freedom, up to 1 500 000 unknowns with a desk computer. In relation to the fluid properties, our numerical simulations provide flow characteristics for various 2D and 3D configurations and demonstrate the possibilities of the code to solve problems involving complex nonlinear constitutive equations with thermal effects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell‐context specific role of the E2F/Rb pathway in development and disease
Authors: Swiss Victoria A. , Casaccia Patrizia 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDevelopment of the central nervous system (CNS) requires the generation of neuronal and glial cell subtypes in appropriate numbers, and this demands the careful coordination of cell‐cycle exit, survival, and differentiation. The E2F/Rb pathway is critical for cell‐cycle regulation and also modulates survival and differentiation of distinct cell types in the developing and adult CNS. In this review, we first present the specific temporal patterns of expression of the E2F and Rb family members during CNS development and then discuss the genetic ablation of single or multiple members of these two families. Overall, the available data suggest a time‐dependent and cell‐context specific role of E2F and Rb family members in the developing and adult CNS. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of glutamate and its receptors and insulin‐like growth factors in hypoxia induced periventricular white matter injury
Authors: Sivakumar Viswanathan , Ling Eng‐Ang , Lu Jia , Kaur Charanjit 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study investigated the glutamate concentration and cellular localization of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid glutamate receptors (AMPA GluR2, GluR3, GluR4) along with insulin‐like growth factors (IGF)‐1 and ‐2 expression in the periventricular white matter (PWM) of neonatal rats with the aim to determine their involvement in PWM injury in hypoxia. In response to hypoxia, the PWM tissue concentration of glutamate and IGF‐1 as well as mRNA and protein expression of GluR2, GluR3, GluR4, IGF‐1, and ‐2 was upregulated. Immunoexpression of GluR2/3 and GluR4 were localized in the amoeboid microglial cells (AMC) and oligodendrocytes while that of IGF‐1 and ‐2 were confined to AMC. In primary microglial cultures subjected to hypoxia, administration of exogenous glutamate decreased IGF‐1 but increased the release of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) by the cells. Furthermore, silencing of the IGF‐1 and ‐2 genes by RNA interference in primary microglial cultures and BV‐2 cells downregulated the expression of these growth factors whereas production of glutamate, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β in these cells was upregulated. It is suggested that increased IGF‐1 and ‐2 expressions may be an early protective mechanism in attenuating the hypoxic damage in PWM but a subsequent glutamate‐induced decrease of these growth factors may cause cellular injury due to excitotoxicity and increased production of inflammatory cytokines. In this connection, melatonin and edaravone were beneficial in enhancing IGF‐1 and reducing glutamate release. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor suppressor function of Rab25 in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Cheng Ji‐Ming , Volk Lisa , Janaki Deepak Kumar Mummidavarapu , Vyakaranam Sudhir , Ran Sophia , Rao Krishna A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRab proteins are a group of ubiquitously expressed proteins that are responsible for intracellular transport of vesicles. Recent evidence has shown that certain Rab proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. We have recently shown that Rab25 is lost in a large fraction of breast cancer samples, particularly those derived from hormonally insensitive tumors. We have further investigated the role of Rab25 by re‐expressing Rab25 in tumorigenic cell lines and measuring the impact on tumor formation as well as on various molecular pathways through PCR array analysis. In vivo tumor growth of cell lines with re‐expressed Rab25 was markedly suppressed. Our data suggest that Rab25 acts through multiple pathways to enhance apoptosis and to suppress angiogenesis and invasion by modulating VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐1 expression. These findings suggest that Rab25 represents a novel class of cellular modulators that can influence both tumor initiation and the progression of the established tumors, thus ultimately affecting the biology of the malignant disease.
Snail is critical for tumor growth and metastasis of ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Jin Hongyan , Yu Yinhua , Zhang Tao , Zhou Xianrong , Zhou Jiayi , Jia Luoqi , Wu Yadi , Zhou Binhua P. , Feng Youji 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSnail, a key inducer of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays an important role in cancer metastasis. To better understand the role of Snail in the metastasis of ovarian carcinoma, expression of Snail was knocked down by antisense‐Snail in the highly metastatic ovarian cancer cell line HO8910PM. Gene array analysis revealed that blocking Snail expression suppressed the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and upregulated TIMP3, an MMP inhibitor. These findings suggest that Snail interacts with MMP during tumor invasion and metastasis. In addition, we examined the role of Snail in an ovarian cancer orthotopic model by using the antisense‐Snail HO8910PM cell line. We found that the size of primary ovarian cancer tumor and the number of metastatic lesions were significantly reduced when Snail was knocked down. Confirming our initial findings, the activity of MMP2 was greatly inhibited in tumors from antisense‐Snail cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis on ovarian cancer progression tissue array demonstrated that the expression of Snail was significantly higher in metastatic lesions, and Snail expression correlated with the stage of ovarian cancer. Interestingly, in early‐stage tumors, Snail was localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. In late stage and metastatic lesions, the level of Snail was elevated, and Snail was localized to the nucleus. The expression level and nuclear localization of Snail were also inversely correlated with E‐cadherin expression. Overall, our study indicates that Snail plays a critical role in tumor growth and metastasis of ovarian carcinoma through regulation of MMP activity.