bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment and remission of advanced testicular cancer after COVID‐19 infection during induction chemotherapy
Authors: Kitano Goshi , Tanaka Shiori , Kato Manabu , Itoh Naoya , Kojima Takahiro 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionWe report a case of advanced testicular cancer cured by early and appropriate resumption of chemotherapy even after COVID‐19 infection during induction chemotherapy.Case presentationThe patient was a healthy 36‐year‐old male. The diagnosis was a stage IIIB nonseminoma (pT2N2M1a). On day 14 of the first chemotherapy cycle, the patient was diagnosed with mild COVID‐19. The second chemotherapy cycle was initiated with a 1‐day delay (on day 10 after the COVID‐19 diagnosis). The patient achieved remission with minimal postponement of chemotherapy.ConclusionOnly a few case reports have described the resumption of anticancer chemotherapy in patients with COVID‐19. In deciding when to resume chemotherapy after COVID‐19 infection, it is essential to consider factors such as cancer type, progression, and severity of COVID‐19 and should be tailored to individual patient needs.
Expanding chalcogen bonds in thiophenes to interactions with halogens
Authors: Ferreira Bruna R. , Martins Francisco A. , Freitas Matheus P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCompounds containing the thiophene moiety find several applications in physics and chemistry, such as electrical conduction, which depends on specific conformations to properly exhibiting the desired properties. In turn, chalcogen bonding has found to modulate the conformation of some N‐thiophen‐2‐ylfomamides. Since halogens participate in a kin interaction (halogen bonding) and are abundant in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials, we have quantum‐chemically explored the interaction between organic halogen and thiophene as a conformational modulator in some model compounds. Although such interaction indeed appears, as demonstrated by atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital analysis, it is inefficient to control the conformational equilibrium. An energy decomposition analysis scheme demonstrated that halomethane and thiophene tend to move away from one another due to a core component (Pauli repulsion and exchange), which is mainly due to a deformation term. Therefore, chalcogen bonds with halogens appear weaker than with other chalcogens.
American Dental Education Association Compendium Entrustable Professional Activities Workgroup report
Authors: Ramaswamy Vidya , Danciu Theodora , Kennedy Erinne N. , Romito Laura , Stewart Denice , Gul Gulsun , Marucha Phillip , Quinonez Rocio B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeEntrustable professional activities (EPAs) are discrete clinical tasks that can be evaluated to help define readiness for independent practice in the health professions and are intended to increase trust in the dental graduate. EPAs provide a framework that bridges competencies to clinical practice. This report describes the work of the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) Compendium EPA Workgroup to develop a list of EPAs for dental education and supportive resources, including specifications and a glossary.MethodsPreliminary work including literature and resource review, mapping of existing competencies, and review of other health professions’ EPAs informed the development of our EPAs list. Workgroup members achieved consensus using a modified Delphi process. A Qualtrics survey using a validated rubric for the assessment of EPAs as described in peer‐reviewed literature was used. Dental educators, including academic deans, were surveyed for feedback on the content and format of the EPAs.ResultsBased on findings in the literature analysis of existing EPAs and competencies in health professions, a list of EPAs was developed along with a description of specifications. The EPA workgroup (nine members from multiple institutions) used the Delphi process in receiving feedback from various experts. A list of 11 core EPAs was vetted by dental educators including academic deans (n = ∼23), and the process of development was reviewed by EPAs experts outside dental education. A glossary was developed to align language.ConclusionThese EPAs define the scope of dental practice. This report represents Phase 1 of the EPA framework development and vetting process. Future directions will include a broader vetting of the EPA list, faculty development, and national standardized technology that support this work to optimize implementation.
Effectiveness of spaced repetition learning using a mobile flashcard application among dental students: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Santhosh Varkey Nadakkavukaran , Coutinho David , Ankola Anil V. , Parimala Yuvarani Kandasamy , Shankkari Siva , Ragu Kavitha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDental education in India predominantly relies on traditional lecture‐based learning (LBL), which may hinder student engagement and learning outcomes. To address these limitations, innovative learning methodologies, such as spaced repetition learning (SRL), are imperative. SRL prioritizes active recall and can enhance long‐term knowledge retention. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of SRL delivered through a mobile flashcard application, in enhancing knowledge retention among dental undergraduates.MethodsThis single‐blind randomized controlled trial (CTRI/2023/10/059347), conducted in Belagavi, India, involved 90 dental students who were equally distributed into control (LBL) and test (lecture followed by SRL demonstration) groups after randomization. Rigorous expert review ensured the quality of PowerPoint presentation and mobile flashcard contents. Knowledge assessments were conducted at baseline, first, and third months using a validated and reliable questionnaire. A perception survey on learning techniques was administered after the first month. Analysis methods included descriptive analysis, Pearson's chi‐square test, independent t‐test, and repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc test.ResultsThe pre‐ and post‐intervention knowledge showed no significant differences, but the SRL group exhibited significantly higher retention at both first month (p ≤ 0.001) and third months (p ≤ 0.001) than the LBL group. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant pairwise differences in mean knowledge scores in SRL group. Students had significantly favorable perception toward SRL than LBL group.ConclusionSRL delivered through mobile flashcards significantly enhances knowledge retention compared to LBL among dental students. Positive student perceptions support SRL's integration into dental curricula, with implications for improving knowledge retention among them.
Dental hygiene students’ and recent graduates’ intentions, attitudes, and perceptions of academic careers
Authors: Reis Mary V. L. , Boyd Linda D. , Smith Amy N. , Vineyard Jared 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore dental hygiene students’ and recent graduates’ awareness, attitudes, perceived barriers, motivators, and intentions to pursue a career in academia as a dental hygiene educator.MethodsCross‐sectional survey research was conducted with a non‐probability sample of dental hygiene students and recent graduates (n = 451). The survey included sections for familiarity regarding academic careers for dental hygienists, attitudes toward academic careers, barriers and motivating factors for this career path, and future academic career intentions. Analysis included descriptive, correlations, and regression.ResultsOf 451 surveys started, 296 were at least 80% complete for a completion rate of 66%. The most reported barrier to a career in academia was the cost to obtain the required degree to become an educator (67.6%, n = 200), and for motivating factors was a sense of accomplishment (62.8%, n = 186). Regression analysis of likelihood to pursue a higher education degree showed two main predictors; belief that higher education would advance the dental hygiene profession (β = 0.35, p < 0.001) and willingness to take a pay cut to become an educator (β = 0.24, p < 0.001).ConclusionsOverall dental hygiene students and recent graduates were familiar with and had a positive view of careers in academia. However, barriers included cost and time for obtaining a higher degree, as well as the pay differential between academia and private practice. The educator shortage in dental hygiene may be alleviated by providing educators with loan forgiveness and offering salaries comparable to clinical practice.
Successful treatment of a Morbihan's disease patient after a therapeutic challenge: A case report and comprehensive literature review
Authors: Bazargan Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh , Dehnavi Ali Zare , Dehghani Abbas , Hesari Kambiz Kamyab , Jafari Paria , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMorbihan's disease is a rare condition characterized by chronic facial edema. While its exact cause is unknown, it is thought to involve local cutaneous vascularization and lymphatic drainage imbalance. Traditional treatment options are often ineffective, and no established efficient treatment exists. We present a case study of a 17‐year‐old male with Morbihan's syndrome who showed resistance to traditional treatments but responded well to a combination of cromolyn sodium nasal spray and oral montelukast after histopathology revealed hyperplasia of plasma cells and mast cells. This combination has not been used before for Morbihan's syndrome. Our review of the literature also provides insight for clinicians seeking to manage this condition.
Japanese primary care physicians' postpartum mental health care: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Narumoto Keiichiro , Endo Miho , Kaneko Makoto , Iwata Tomoko , Inoue Machiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum mental health care is a public health priority requiring interprofessional and interorganizational collaboration. Primary care physicians (PCPs) have the potential to play an essential role in facilitating access to health care and providing comprehensive and coordinated care for postpartum mental health problems. In Japan, however, there are no previous studies on the extent to which PCPs are involved in postpartum mental health care. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the practices and experiences of Japanese PCPs in providing such care.MethodsThis study presents a subset of the findings from a cross‐sectional study using an online questionnaire on postpartum care among Japanese PCPs. We employed descriptive analysis to examine their practices and experiences in providing general and postpartum mental health care.ResultsWe received 339 valid responses from 5811 PCPs. The median proportion of the outpatients with mental health problems that PCPs regularly saw was 15%. Approximately two out of three PCPs (68.7%) reported routinely performing screening for depression and anxiety. Seventy‐six percent of PCPs had the opportunity to provide care for postpartum women. Approximately one in two PCPs (47.8%) had managed cases of postpartum mental health problems and collaborated with various professionals and resources to provide care.ConclusionsThe majority of Japanese PCP participants in the study provide mental health care and have managed cases of postpartum mental health problems, collaborating with various health professionals.
Efficacy and safety of bismuth quadruple regimens containing minocycline and vonoprazan for eradication of Helicobacter pylori: Real‐world evidence
Authors: He Qiyunna , Ou Yan , Zhu Huili , Chen Zhiqian , Yang Dailan , Cheng Qian , Yin Xia , Xiao Lina , Cai Lin , Ye Yan , Xu Xin , Liao Juan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of minocycline, vonoprazan, amoxicillin, and bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment.MethodsFrom August 2022 to May 2023, clinical data were collected from patients who received H. pylori eradication treatment at West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University. One group received the MVAB regimen (amoxicillin, minocycline, vonoprazan, and colloidal bismuth pectin), while another group received the FOAB regimen (amoxicillin, furazolidone, omeprazole, and colloidal bismuth pectin), both administered for 14 days. Follow‐up assessments of safety and compliance were conducted within 1 week after treatment completion. One and a half months after treatment, the success of eradication was evaluated using the urea breath test.ResultsFor the MVAB regimen as a first‐line treatment, the eradication rate was 90.1% (127/141, 95% CI: 85.1–95.1%) in the ITT analysis and 93.4% (127/136, 95% CI: 89.2–97.6%) in the PP analysis as a first‐line treatment. As a second‐line treatment, the eradication rate was 91.3% (21/23, 95% CI: 78.8–103.8%) in both analyses. For the FOAB regimen as a first‐line treatment, the eradication rate was 98.0% (50/51, 95% CI: 94.1–101.2%) in the ITT analysis and 100% (50/50, 95% CI: 100%) in the PP analysis. As a second‐line treatment, the eradication rate was 100% (6/6, 95% CI: 100%) in both analyses. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (MVAB regimen: 5.5% and FOAB regimen: 8.8%; P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe MVAB regimen could indeed be a viable alternative treatment option to conventional therapies.
Exploring adolescent girls and young women's PrEP‐user profiles: qualitative insights into differentiated PrEP delivery platform selection and engagement in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Rousseau Elzette , Sikkema Kathleen J. , Julies Robin F. , Mazer Katelyn , O'Malley Gabrielle , Heffron Renee , Morton Jennifer F. , Johnson Rachel , Celum Connie , Baeten Jared M. , Bekker Linda‐Gail 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionAdolescent girls and young women (AGYW), a priority population for HIV prevention in Africa, show high interest but difficulty in sustained effective use of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). With ongoing PrEP scale‐up focused on increasing access, it is important to understand what influences AGYW's choice of PrEP delivery platforms.MethodsThe POWER implementation study in Cape Town provided PrEP between 2017 and 2020 to AGYW (16−25 years) from four differentiated delivery platforms: mobile clinic, government facility, courier delivery or community‐based youth club. Healthcare providers at government and mobile clinics provided PrEP (initiation and refills) as part of comprehensive, integrated sexual and reproductive health services. Courier and youth club platforms provided light‐touch PrEP refill services incorporating rapid HIV self‐testing. We conducted in‐depth interviews with a purposive sample of AGYW who had ≥3 months of PrEP‐use and accessed ≥2 PrEP delivery platforms. The thematic analysis explored AGYW's preferences, decision‐making and habits related to PrEP access to inform market segmentation.ResultsWe interviewed 26 AGYW (median age 20) PrEP‐users between November 2020 and March 2021. AGYW PrEP‐users reported accessing different services with, 24 accessing mobile clinics, 17 courier delivery, 9 government health facilities and 6 youth clubs for their PrEP refills. Qualitative findings highlighted four potential behavioural profiles. The “Social PrEP‐user” preferred PrEP delivery in peer spaces, such as youth clubs or adolescent‐friendly mobile clinics, seeking affirmation and social support for continued PrEP use. The “Convenient PrEP‐user” favoured PrEP delivery at easily accessible locations, providing quick (courier) or integrated contraception‐PrEP refill visits (mobile and government clinic). The “Independent PrEP‐user” preferred PrEP delivery that offered control over delivery times that fit into their schedule, such as the courier service. The “Discreet PrEP‐user” highly valued privacy regarding their PrEP use (courier delivery) and avoided delivery options where unintentional disclosure was evident (youth club). Comfort with HIV self‐testing had minimal influence on PrEP delivery choice.ConclusionsMarket segmentation of AGYW characterizes different types of PrEP‐users and has the potential to enhance tailored messaging and campaigns to reach specific segments, with the aim of improving sustained PrEP use and HIV prevention benefits.
Comparative finite element analysis of the first thoracic vertebra in artiodactyls
Authors: Schüler Sandra , Sharp Alana C. , Nyakatura John A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArtiodactyls exhibit a striking diversity of the cervical vertebral column in terms of length and overall mobility. Using finite element analysis, this study explores the morphology at the cervico‐thoracic boundary and its performance under loads in artiodactyls with different habitual neck postures and body sizes. The first thoracic vertebra of 36 species was loaded with (i) a compressive load on the vertebral body to model the weight of the head and neck exerted onto the trunk; and (ii) a tensile load at the spinous process to model the pull via the nuchal ligament. Additional focus was laid on the peculiar shape of the first thoracic vertebra in giraffes. We hypothesized that a habitually upright neck posture should be reflected in the greater ability to withstand compressive loads compared to tensile loads, whereas for species with a habitually suspended posture it should be the opposite. In comparison to species with a suspended posture, species with an upright posture exhibited lower stress (except Giraffidae). For compressive loads in larger species, stress surprisingly increased. Tensile loads in larger species resulted in decreased stress only in species with an intermediate or suspensory neck posture. High stress under tensile loads was mainly reflecting the relative length of the spinous process, while high stress under compressive loads was common in more “bell”‐shaped vertebral bodies. The data supports a stability‐mobility trade‐off at the cervico‐thoracic transition in giraffes. Performance under load at the cervico‐thoracic boundary is indicative of habitual neck posture and is influenced by body size.
Effects of minimally invasive non‐surgical therapy on C‐reactive protein, lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2, and clinical outcomes in periodontitis patients: A 1‐year randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Isola Gaetano , Pesce Paolo , Polizzi Alessandro , Lo Giudice Antonino , Cicciù Marco , Scannapieco Frank A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence suggests the type of periodontal treatment could differentially influence the reduction of key cardiovascular risk mediators in periodontitis patients. This randomized, controlled clinical trial compared the impact of minimally invasive non‐surgical therapy (MINST) with quadrant‐wise subgingival instrumentation (Q‐SI) on C‐reactive protein (CRP) together with lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) levels, and clinical periodontal outcomes in patients with periodontitis. Moreover, it was evaluated if baseline CRP levels impacted the efficacy of non‐surgical periodontal therapy protocols.MethodsForty‐two periodontitis patients were enrolled and randomly treated by means of MINST (n = 21) or Q‐SI (n = 21). The outcomes assessed were serum CRP and Lp‐PLA2, and periodontal parameters (probing depth [PD], clinical attachment level [CAL], full‐mouth bleeding score [FMBS]), at baseline and at follow‐ups at 1, 3, and 6 months and at 1 year after treatment.ResultsAt 1 year, MINST significantly reduced, among others, mean PD (p = 0.007), mean CAL (p = 0.007), the number of pockets >4 mm (p = 0.011) and ≥6 mm (p = 0.005), and FMBS (p = 0.048) compared to Q‐SI. Generalized multivariate analysis evidenced that high baseline CRP (p = 0.039) and FMBS (p = 0.046) levels, together with MINST treatment (p = 0.007) were significant predictors of PD reduction at 1‐year follow‐up. Moreover, the Jonckheere–Terpstra test showed that patients with high baseline CRP levels gained more benefits from MINST treatment at 1‐year follow‐up than they did from Q‐SI.ConclusionPatients receiving MINST showed a greater reduction in CRP levels than patients with Q‐SI after 1 year of follow‐up. Moreover, patients with high baseline levels of CRP and Lp‐PLA2 gained more benefits from the MINST approach at 1‐year follow‐up.
Contrast ratio enhancement method of a pancake virtual reality head‐mounted display
Authors: Xiao Lei , Liang Pengxia , Wu Qian , Cheng Fang , Li Lin , Zhou Feiyan , Ding Yanping , Chen Xiaochuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFolded optical path designs have been widely applied in Virtual Reality (Pancake VR) displays in recent years. Compared with the traditional straight‐through and Fresnel optical path design, the Pancake design has obvious advantages in smaller size and clearer virtual image. However, the Pancake optical path uses polarization devices to fold the optical path and, light undergoes multiple refractions and reflections between lens groups, thus inevitably introducing stray light. This stray light greatly reduces the contrast ratio even if taking high‐contrasting Mini‐LED backlight LCD as panel, and seriously affects the user experience. In this paper, we first analyze the causes of stray light in the Pancake design and then propose an effective optical design method. In addition, an effective process scheme for improving image contrast is proposed by analyzing the impact of lens and tube reflectivity. Further, a prototype of the Pancake VR optical module is successfully implemented with low stray light and high contrast ratio.
High‐efficiency and ultracompact pancake optics for virtual reality
Authors: Ding Yuqiang , Luo Zhenyi , Borjigin Garimagai , Wu Shin‐Tson 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPancake lens has been widely used in virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR) due to its compact form factor. However, using a half mirror (HM) to fold the optical path results in a tremendous optical loss. To enhance the optical efficiency while keeping a compact form factor, we present a new folded optical system incorporating a nonreciprocal polarization rotator. In our proof‐of‐concept experiment using a commercial Faraday rotator (FR), the theoretically predicted 100% efficiency is validated. Besides, the angular response of terbium gallium garnet (TGG) material is simulated for the first time and the results indicate that such an FR is relatively insensitive to the incident angle, which can dramatically enhance the contrast ratio of our pancake design. Finally, the potential application of such pancake optics for ultracompact near‐infrared (NIR) night vision goggles is also discussed.