bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Community-Based Processes for Research Ethics Review: A National Study
Authors: Shore Nancy , Brazauskas Ruta , Drew Elaine , Wong Kristine A. , Moy Lisa , Baden Andrea Corage , Cyr Kirsten , Ulevicus Jocelyn , Seifer Sarena D. 
Published: December 2010

Objectives. Institutional review boards (IRBs), designed to protect individual study participants, do not routinely assess community consent, risks, and benefits. Community groups are establishing ethics review processes to determine whether and how research is conducted in their communities. To strengthen the ethics review of community-engaged research, we sought to identify and describe these processes. Methods. In 2008 we conducted an online survey of US-based community groups and community–institutional partnerships involved in human-participants research. We identified 109 respondents who met participation criteria and had ethics review processes in place. Results. The respondents' processes mainly functioned through community–institutional partnerships, community-based organizations, community health centers, and tribal organizations. These processes had been created primarily to ensure that the involved communities were engaged in and directly benefited from research and were protected from research harms. The primary process benefits included giving communities a voice in determining which studies were conducted and ensuring that studies were relevant and feasible, and that they built community capacity. The primary process challenges were the time and resources needed to support the process. Conclusions. Community-based processes for ethics review consider community-level ethical issues that institution-based IRBs often do not.
Socioeconomic and Ethnic Differences in Disease Burden and Disparities in Physical Function in Older Adults
Authors: Louie Grant H. , Ward Michael M. 
Published: December 2010

Objectives. We investigated whether a greater burden of disease among poorer individuals and ethnic minorities accounted for socioeconomic and racial disparities in self-reported physical functioning among older adults. Methods. We used data from adults aged 60 years or older (n = 5556) in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 to test associations between education level, poverty index, and race/ethnicity and limitations in 11 functions. We adjusted for demographic features and measures of disease burden (comorbid conditions, smoking, hemoglobin level, serum albumin level, knee pain, body mass index, and skeletal muscle index). Results. Associations between education and functional limitations were attenuated after adjustment, but those with 0–8 years of education were more likely than those with 13 or more years of education to have limitations in 3 functions. Poverty was associated with a higher likelihood of limitations despite adjustment. The likelihood of limitations among non-Hispanic Blacks and Mexican Americans was similar to that of non-Hispanic Whites after adjustment. Conclusions. Socioeconomic disparities in functional limitations among older Americans exist independent of disease burden, whereas socioeconomic differences and disease burden account for racial disparities.
Social Responsibility within Thinking about Forgiveness
Authors: Michančová Slávka 
Published: December 2010

Social Responsibility within Thinking about Forgiveness
In Christian communities, victims of serious harm are often pressed to forgive their offenders without proper explanation of the concept of forgiveness. Quick forgiveness is often seen as the ideal solution to the problems that crime has caused. However the misunderstanding of the concept does not contribute to the healing of anyone involved (offender, victim, and community); rather it undermines the process of restoration. The author of the article tries to clarify how to understand the biblical request for forgiveness and describe various components of the forgiveness process. The content of the article should be useful for helping professions (especially for social workers, counselors, therapists, priests and pastoral workers) that come in contact with victims and perpetrators of crime.
Phase transformations contributing to the properties of modern steels
Authors: Bhadeshia H. 
Published: December 2010

Phase transformations contributing to the properties of modern steelsThe role of phase transformation theory in contributing to the development of innovative steels is assessed, focusing on examples where the relationship is transparent. Virtually all of the major transformations, ranging from those which necessarily involve diffusion, to others where the change in crystal structure is achieved by a deformation, are considered.
Electrostatic deposition of nanothin films on metal substrate
Authors: Jaworek A. , Sobczyk A. , Krupa A. , Lackowski M. , Czech T. 
Published: December 2010

Electrostatic deposition of nanothin films on metal substrateThin solid film has been deposited by electrohydrodynamic spraying (electrospraying) onto a metal substrate. Electrospraying is a low-energy physical process in which tangential stress exerted by electric field on the surface of a liquid flowing form a capillary nozzle causes jet elongation, and the Coulomb repulsive forces disintegrate of this jet into fine droplets. By this method TiO2, ZnO, MgO, or Al2O3particles of size from 20 to 100 nm electrosprayed from a colloidal suspension were deposited onto a stainless steel substrate. The advantage that electrospray has over other methods for thin solid film production is that the growth rate of the layer is relatively high, the process can be carried out in an ambient atmosphere, in air or other gas, and at low temperature, without the need for a complex reactor and vacuum systems.
Asymptotic stability of positive 2D linear systems with delays
Authors: Kaczorek T. 
Published: December 2010

Asymptotic stability of positive 2D linear systems with delays
New necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of positive 2D linear systems with delays described by the general model, Fornasini-Marchesini models and Roesser model are established. It is shown that checking of the asymptotic stability of positive 2D linear systems with delays can be reduced to the checking of the asymptotic stability of corresponding positive 1D linear systems without delays. The efficiency of the new criterions is demonstrated on numerical examples.
Asymptotic stability of positive fractional 2D linear systems
Authors: Kaczorek T. 
Published: December 2010

Asymptotic stability of positive fractional 2D linear systemsNew necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of the positive fractional 2D systems are established. It is shown that the checking of the asymptotic stability of positive fractional 2D linear systems can be reduced to testing the stability of corresponding 1D positive linear systems.
A bidirectional DC-DC converter for renewable energy systems
Authors: Jalbrzykowski S. , Citko T. 
Published: December 2010

A bidirectional DC-DC converter for renewable energy systemsTo improve the energy quality, most of the renewable energy systems include an energy storage element charged by the bidirectional DC-DC converter. This paper proposes the bidirectional DC-DC converter which employs the two bridge configuration resonant class-E converters on the both sides of the isolating transformer. The low side converter is controlled as step up and the high side converter is controlled as step down. The proposed system is characterized by good dynamic properties and high efficiency because the converter transistors are switched in ZVS conditions. A theoretical analysis to provide relations for system design, and the laboratory model investigations to validate the system characteristic are given in the paper.
High-temperature in-situ microscopy during stress-induced phase transformations in Co49Ni21Ga30 shape memory alloy single crystals
Authors: Dadda Jayaram , J-rgen Maier Hans , Karaman Ibrahim , Chumlyakov Yuri 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
This paper reports on the role of repeated stress-induced martensite transformations at different temperatures (referred to as “training”) on the pseudoelasticity and microstructural evolution of as-grown Co49Ni21Ga30 [001]-oriented shape memory alloy single crystals under compression. The training resulted in a reduction in transformation stress levels and a stable microstructure with a multi-variant configuration reducing the observed transformation strains. Training also improved the recoverability giving way to a large pseudoelastic temperature window of 400°C. In-situ microscopy revealed the martensite stabilization to be due to pinning of moving interfaces especially at temperatures above 120°C. An insight into the evolution of microstructure and stressüstrain behavior in terms of stress hysteresis changes with test temperature is provided, and the possible operant mechanisms are discussed.
Adsorption of metal ions on magnetic carbon nanomaterials bearing chitosan-functionalized silica
Authors: Kurczewska Joanna , Schroeder Grzegorz , Narkiewicz Urszula 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Magnetic chitosan nanocomposites have been synthesized on the basis of metal (Fe, Co, Ni)-encapsulated carbon nanomaterials. The organic layer was identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The functionalized nanomaterials were employed to remove metal ions: cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc from aqueous solutions. Their adsorption capacities were studied by the batch procedure. The concentration of cations extracted was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The influence of different parameters (pH, amount of the support studied, contact time) on the cation extraction was investigated. The studies demonstrated excellent ability of copper and lead adsorption, and satisfactory adsorption of other ions applied by the supports studied. The nanocomposites with complexed cations can be easily removed from water with the help of an external magnet. They can then undergo regeneration in an acidic environment and can be reused in the analogous process repeatedly.
Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery: analysis of complications in the authors' initial 800 patients
Authors: Kassam Amin B. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Snyderman Carl H. , Thomas Ajith , Gardner Paul , Zanation Adam , Duz Bulent , Stefko S. Tonya , Byers Karin , Horowitz Michael B. 
Published: December 2010

Object
The development of endoscopic endonasal approaches, albeit in the early stages, represents part of the continuous evolution of skull base surgery. During this early period, it is important to determine the safety of these approaches by analyzing surgical complications to identify and eliminate their causes.

Methods
The authors reviewed all perioperative complications associated with endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries performed between July 1998 and June 2007 at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.

Results
This study includes the data for the authors' first 800 patients, comprising 399 male (49.9%) and 401 female (50.1%) patients with a mean age of 49.21 years (range 3–96 years). Pituitary adenomas (39.1%) and meningiomas (11.8%) were the 2 most common pathologies. A postoperative CSF leak represented the most common complication, occurring in 15.9% of the patients. All patients with a postoperative CSF leak were successfully treated with a lumbar drain and/or another endoscopic approach, except for 1 patient who required a transcranial repair. The incidence of postoperative CSF leaks decreased significantly with the adoption of vascularized tissue for reconstruction of the skull base (< 6%). Transient neurological deficits occurred in 20 patients (2.5%) and permanent neurological deficits in 14 patients (1.8%). Intracranial infection and systemic complications were encountered and successfully treated in 13 (1.6%) and 17 (2.1%) patients, respectively. Seven patients died during the 30-day perioperative period, 6 of systemic illness and 1 of infection (overall mortality 0.9%).

Conclusions
Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery provides a viable median corridor based on anatomical landmarks and is customized according to the specific pathological process. This corridor should be considered as the sole access or may be combined with traditional approaches. With the incremental acquisition of skills and experience, endoscopic endonasal approaches have an acceptable safety profile in select patients presenting with various skull base pathologies.
Anatomical considerations for the placement of cervical transarticular screws
Authors: Liu Guanyi , Xu Rongming , Ma Weihu , Sun Shaohua , Feng Jianxiang 
Published: December 2010

Object
The object of this study was to determine the safe screw placement technique for cervical transarticular screw fixation.

Methods
Twenty cadaveric adult cervical spines were studied. All soft tissues surrounding the cervical spinal nerves from C-2 to T-1 were dissected carefully to expose the lateral mass, facet joint, transverse process, vertebral artery (VA), and spinal nerves (ventral and dorsal rami). After the proper entrance and exit points for the transarticular screws were determined, posterior transarticular screw implantation was performed under direct visualization from C2–3 to C5–6. A CT scan was performed to check the screw placement. The angle and length of the transarticular screw trajectory, the distance between the tip of the screw and the VA, and the sagittal safety angle were measured on the CT scan. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA (p < 0.05). Sagittal and axial orientations of transarticular screws were carefully analyzed.

Results
There was no nerve or artery impingement or penetration. The average caudal angle of the screws in the sagittal plane was 37.3° ± 5.0° and the lateral angle in the axial plane was 16.6° ± 4.6°. The average distance between the tip of the screw and the VA (the posterior border of the VA foramen) was 5.8 ± 1.5 mm. The average sagittal safety angle was 41.9° ± 5.6°. No difference was observed according to the vertebral level. The average bone purchase was 18.7 ± 1.4 mm. Bone purchase was significantly greater at C2–3 (23.2 ± 1.6 mm) than at C3–4 through C5–6 (17.2 ± 1.3 mm, p < 0.05).

Conclusions
This study establishes anatomical guidelines to allow for safe cervical transarticular screw insertion. The starting point of transarticular screws should be 1 mm medial to the midpoint of the lateral mass. The “ideal” drilling angle is approximately 37° in the inferior direction and 16° in the lateral direction for the C2–3 through the C5–6 levels. The screw should be directed as laterally as possible in the axial plane without causing the lateral mass to fracture and as caudally as the occipital bone permits in the sagittal plane. The ideal screw size would be 3.5 mm in diameter and 18 mm in length.
Lettre de Démétrius Cydonès à Andronic Oenéote, grand juge des Romains (1369-1371)
Authors: Loenertz Raymond-Joseph 
Published: December 2010

REB 29 (1971) France p. 303-308.
R.-J. Lœnertz, Lettre de Démétrius Cydonès à Andronic Oenéote, grand juge des Romains (1369-1371). — Cette lettre ici présentée et traduite rend un témoignage à l'unité chrétienne. D'après Cydonès, qui réagit contre l'aversion de ses compatriotes à l'égard des Latins, la nouvelle Rome doit reconnaître et honorer l'héritage des Romains.
An Unknown Metropolitan of Miletus
Authors: Polemis D. I. 
Published: December 2010

REB 29 (1971) France p. 309-312.
D. I. Polemis, An Unknown Metropolitan of Miletus. — A sixteenth century scribe has copied into a liturgical manuscript, Londin. Burney. 54, the dedicatory inscription of an antimension. Dated 1356, it alludes to Symeon, an otherwise unknown and probably the last Metropolitan of Miletus.
Une description anonyme de Constantinople du XIIe s
Authors: Ciggaar Krijnie N. 
Published: December 2010

REB 31 1973 France p. 335-354
Krijnie N. Ciggaar, Une description anonyme de Constantinople du XIIe siècle. — Une description en grec publiée par Lampros s'éclaire par la comparaison avec un texte latin antérieur. Un commentaire détaillé fait apparaître que le récit latin est d'origine anglaise, comme les manuscrits qui l'ont conservé, et qu'il doit être l'œuvre de quelque visiteur qui se rendit à Constantinople vers le milieu du XIIe siècle.
Réquisitoire du patriarche Jean d'Antioche contre le charisticariat
Authors: Gautier Paul 
Published: December 2010

REB 33 1975 France p. 77-132
P. Gautier, Réquisitoire du patriarche Jean d'Antioche contre le charisticariat. — Edition critique avec traduction française annotée du réquisitoire de Jean d'Antioche contre le charisticariat. Dans ce pamphlet l'auteur condamne sans ménagement la pratique de la donation de monastères à des laïcs, parce que ceux-ci en tiraient de gros revenus sans se soucier de subvenir à l'entretien des maisons religieuses dont ils avaient assumé la charge, traitaient moines et moniales avec un complet mépris et les plongeaient dans la pire détresse physique et morale. Le texte a été conservé par cinq manuscrits : la collation a été faite sur la base du Parisinus graecus 1319 (XIIIe s.), le plus ancien et le meilleur témoin. L'analyse des indices historiques n'a pas permis d'arrêter une datation précise; Jean ayant pu rédiger ce pamphlet avant ou après sa nomination au patriarcat d'Antioche, on doit, compte tenu des événements qu'il évoque, accepter une « fourchette » chronologique assez large : entre 1085 et 1091.
Byzantinorussica
Authors: Shepard Jonathan 
Published: December 2010

REB 33 1975 France p. 211-225
J. Shepard, Byzantinorussica. — The author examines two points of textual interpretation in the Chronicles of Scylitzes and Attaleiates : I. Three Russian archontes (the identity and office of Nesisthlabos, Hierosthlabos and Zinisthlabos, mentioned by Scylitzes under the year 1036); II. Russians at Manzikert (1071) and the problem of to allagion.
Marġarid : un timar monastique
Authors: Beldiceanu Nicoară 
Published: December 2010

REB 33 1975 France p. 227-255
N. Beldiceanu, Margarid : un timar monastique. — L'article décrit la situation du monastère Saint- Jean-Prodrome durant le règne de Mehmed II, en partant des données fournies par plusieurs registres ottomans de cadastre. La documentation permet de mettre en lumière le statut des biens immeubles du monastère, ses différentes sources de revenus, ainsi que la situation matérielle des raïas. De plus, les noms des villageois montrent que la population était composée d'une majorité grecque, auprès de laquelle vivaient des Slaves et des paysans d'ascendance turque chrétienne.
Les relations américano-soviétiques : une ère nouvelle ?
Authors: Staar Richard F. 
Published: December 2010

Soviet-American relations : a new era ?
Even as its official spokesmen proclaim the end of the cold war, the USSR
fovernment, now five years into the new era of perestroïka and « new political thin- ing », is still operating its foreign policy according to traditional attitudes of East- West confrontation. This article describes four areas in which official pronouncements by Soviet policy makers are contradicted by the following actions : an ongoing campaign of disinformation against the West, despite promises of « no more lies » ; a continuation of information gathering and technology transfer by illegal means and for « dual purpose » uses ; in « restructuring » and withdrawal of troops and weapons from abroad, when both are then redirected to other geographic areas ; and appeals to Western investment in the « democratization » of Soviet society, despite evidence that what USSR leaders may actually be seeking is a Leninist peredyshka, or temporary respite from their current economic and social malaise.
Les communistes polonais et l'élection de juin 1989. Analyse d'une prise de décision
Authors: David-Blais Martin 
Published: December 2010

Les dirigeants communistes polonais avaient-ils des raisons valables d'accepter d'appeler des élections semi-démocratiques en juin 1989 ou faut-il, au contraire, y voir un geste de démission plus ou moins déguisée d'un régime à bout de souffle ? La démarche de l'auteur repose sur le postulat suivant : avant de conclure à la démission du régime face aux exigences de l'Histoire (au sens historiciste du terme), voire à son « suicide politique », tâchons plus modestement d'analyser cette décision en termes de décision rationnelle.
La présente étude est élaborée à partir de principes de base du paradigme sociologique du « Rational Choice ». Il s'agira, dans un premier temps, de montrer qu'il est possible de prêter de l'extérieur aux dirigeants du PZPR de « bonnes raisons » de penser que l'élection serait non seulement sans danger en ce qui concerne leur maîtrise du pouvoir mais qu'elle serait en outre profitable politiquement dans un contexte conjoncturel très contraignant. Dans un second temps, on tentera d'identifier les principales erreurs stratégiques que ces dirigeants ont commises, lesquelles erreurs, malgré leurs conséquences catastrophiques, n'en étaient pas moins « compréhensibles ». Ces erreurs consistent, d'une part, en une mauvaise évaluation du comportement ultérieur de Pélectorat polonais et, d'autre part, en une méprise sur les effets des nouvelles procédures électorales.
Quelles perspectives pour la Coopération Industrielle Tripartite Est-Ouest-Sud ?
Authors: Gutman Patrick 
Published: December 2010

A travers la Coopération Industrielle Tripartite (CIT), les pays de l'Est sont devenus pendant les années soixante-dix et quatre-vingt co-réalisateurs d'ensembles industriels dans les pays en développement. L'inclusion de prestations effectuées par les centrales de commerce extérieur socialistes dans les soumissions occidentales permet en effet d'abaisser le coût global des projets que veulent réaliser les pays hôtes.
C'est une pratique particulièrement originale de la part des firmes occidentales que d'aller chercher à l'Est l'appui nécessaire pour enlever les appels d'offres internationaux. La CIT souligne aussi la volonté des pays de l'Est de jouer un rôle accru dans la Division Internationale du Travail.
Mais, en même temps, peuvent apparaître des contradictions entre les intérêts micro-économiques des entreprises occidentales et les intérêts géopolitiques de leurs États-Nations d'appartenance. En effet, la CIT constitue pour l'Est un moyen d'étendre sa sphère d'influence dans le Tiers-Monde pro-occidental (en particulier avec l'aide des firmes occidentales chefs de file qui donnent l'occasion aux centrales de commerce extérieur socialistes de diversifier leur mode de présence et d'engagement au Sud).
En relation avec le nouveau contexte, l'article a un double objectif :
a/ apprécier dans quelle mesure les bouleversements de 1989 ont altéré ou non la nature politique et géopolitique du mécanisme tripartite ;
b/ vérifier si les déterminants économiques de la CIT sont encore valables au début des années 1990. En d'autres termes, la rationalité micro-économique de la CIT — qui jusqu'à maintenant s'articulait autour de la fixation du prix d'offre des complexes industriels — est-elle toujours à l'œuvre dans le contexte actuel ?