bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oesophageal motor responses to gastro-oesophageal reflux in healthy controls and reflux patients
Authors: Anggiansah A , Taylor G , Marshall R E K , Bright N F , Owen W A , Owen W J 
Published: June 2010

Aims—To compare oesophageal motor responses to gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) in 16 healthy controls (group 1) and 25 reflux patients, 15 without (group 2) and 10 with (group 3) oesophagitis.Methods—All subjects underwent 24 hour ambulatory oesophageal pH measurements (5 cm above the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS)) combined with pressure monitoring (5, 10, and 15 cm above the LOS for oesophageal body motility and 27 cm above the LOS for voluntary swallow detection). Contraction patterns (peristaltic, simultaneous, isolated, mixed type, and non-transmitted swallows) and peristaltic contraction wave characteristics (amplitude, duration, and velocity) during GOR were compared in the three groups.Results—The average number of motor activities per minute was significantly higher in group 1 (p<0.05). In all groups, the most common motor contraction pattern was peristaltic. The percentage of peristaltic activity per subject was significantly higher in group 1 (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in other contraction patterns among the three groups (p>0.05). Of the peristaltic contraction wave characteristics there were no significant differences in any parameters (amplitude, duration, and velocity) among the three groups (p>0.05). The average pH increment in response to motor activities was significantly higher in group 1 (p<0.05).Conclusions—Motor responses to GOR were found to be predominantly primary peristaltic in all groups. During GOR, reflux patients have less frequent activity, a smaller proportion of activity is peristaltic, and the average pH increment in response to motor activities is reduced compared with controls.
Endoscopic screening of relatives of patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Hunt L M , Rooney P S , Hardcastle J D , Armitage N C 
Published: June 2010

Background—The risk of colorectal cancer is higher among relatives of those affected. The neoplastic yield reported from screening such individuals varies enormously between studies and depends on the age and strength of the family history of those screened.Aims—To ascertain the neoplastic yield of endoscopic screening of first degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer by age and familial risk.Subjects—A total of 330 individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer.Method—Endoscopic screening conducted according to a protocol.Results—Adenomas were found in 12%, and adenomas larger than 1 cm in 8%, of “high risk” individuals screened primarily by colonoscopy. Of those with neoplasia, 26% had lesions at or proximal to the splenic flexure. Neoplasia was found in 9.5% of individuals at lower familial risk, screened primarily by 60 cm flexible sigmoidoscopy, 4% of whom had neoplasia larger than 1 cm in size or cancer. Neoplastic yield was greatest in the fourth and fifth decades in those at highest risk, but increased with age in those at lower risk.Conclusions—For individuals with two or more first degree relatives, or relatives who have developed colorectal cancer at a young age, colonoscopy appears to be the only satisfactory method of screening, but 60 cm flexible sigmoidoscopy may be useful in those at lower levels of risk.
Use of mesalazine slow release suppositories 1 g three times per week to maintain remission of ulcerative proctitis: a randomised double blind placebo controlled multicentre study
Authors: Marteau P , Crand J , Foucault M , Rambaud J-C 
Published: June 2010

Background—Daily administration of rectal formulations of mesalazine is effective in preventing relapse of ulcerative proctitis. Maintenance of remission with lower doses would be an advantage.Aim—The efficacy of mesalazine suppositories (Pentasa) 1 g three times a week v placebo to maintain remission in patients with cryptogenetic proctitis was studied.Methods—Ninety five patients with cryptogenetic proctitis were randomised within two weeks of remission to receive for one year or until relapse three suppositories per week of either Pentasa (n=48) or placebo (n=47). In the case of a relapse, the patients received one suppository/day.Results—It was found that 25 of 48 subjectsv 18 of 47 remained in remission in the mesalazine and placebo groups respectively. The relapse rate was lower in the mesalazine group for the following time intervals: 0–90 days (19%v 38%, p=0.035), 0–180 days (29% v 54%, p=0.017), 0–270 days (38% v 60%, p=0.031), and 0–365 days (48% v 62%, p=0.18). Treatment of relapse with one suppository/day induced remission in 11 of 18 and 2 of 26 patients in the mesalazine and placebo groups respectively (p=0.001). Overall, 61%v 28% patients remained in the protocol and were in remission at one year (p=0.001). Tolerance was good.Conclusion—Mesalazine suppositories 1 g three times a week are effective for preventing relapses of cryptogenetic proctitis. Increasing the dose to 1 g/day is effective in a high proportion of subjects who relapsed.
Increased immunoglobulin G production by short term cultured duodenal biopsy samples from HIV infected patients
Authors: Schneider T , Zippel T , Schmidt W , Pauli G , Wahnschaffe U , Chakravarti S , Heise W , Riecken E O , Zeitz M , Ullrich R 
Published: June 2010

Background—Secretory immunity is a major defence mechanism against infections at mucosal surfaces which are common in HIV infected patients.Aims—To analyse intestinal immunoglobulin production in HIV infection in comparison with that in saliva and serum.Patients and methods—Immunoglobulin G (IgG), A (IgA), and M (IgM) concentrations were determined in supernatants of short term cultured duodenal biopsy samples, serum, and saliva from HIV infected patients (n = 28) and controls (n = 14) by radial immunodiffusion.Results—IgG was increased in the supernatants of short term cultured biopsy samples and saliva from HIV infected patients compared with controls (p<0.01), but IgA and IgM levels were normal. In contrast, both IgG and IgA concentrations in serum were higher in HIV infected patients than in controls (p<0.002). No correlation was found between IgA produced by duodenal biopsy specimens and serum IgA.Conclusion—Abnormalities in mucosal immunoglobulin production in HIV infection were suprisingly small, indicating that specific secretory immunity rather than quantitative immunoglobulin production may be impaired. However, increased production of IgG could contribute to mucosal inflammation by complement activation. Our findings of normal mucosal IgA production and the lack of correlation between serum and mucosal IgA argues against an intestinal origin for the increased serum IgA levels in HIV infected patients.
Leucocyte endothelial cell adhesion in indomethacin induced intestinal inflammation is correlated with faecal pH
Authors: Arndt H , Palitzsch K-D , Schölmerich J 
Published: June 2010

Background—Recent studies indicate that faecal pH is acidified in patients with inflammatory bowel disease compared with healthy controls. In healthy volunteers, stool pH, faecal flora, and bile acid concentration could be affected by means of elemental diets.Aims—To assess the role of variations of faecal pH on leucocyte endothelial cell adhesion in indomethacin induced long lasting ileitis in rats.Methods—Indomethacin (7.5 mg/kg subcutaneously) was injected twice, 24 hours apart. Rats were either fed with the identical diet before and 10 days after the induction of inflammation until the experiment, or the diet was changed at the time of induction. Ten postcapillary mesenteric venules (30 μm diameter) per animal were observed using intravital microscopy. Macroscopic visible intestinal ulceration was scored and faecal pH of different sections of the small bowel was determined.Results—Small intestinal faecal pH was 8.5 in controls and 8.0 in indomethacin treated animals. Indomethacin significantly changed microcirculatory parameters: there was a 2.3-fold increase in leucocyte adherence, a 3.2-fold increase in leucocyte emigration, and a 20% reduction in shear rate. Application of various diets or diet combinations resulted in variations in faecal pH ranging from 7.8 to 8.8 which were inversely correlated with macroscopic ulcerations (r=−0.67). Leucocyte adherence was attenuated with increased pH and augmented with decreased pH (r=−0.55). Venular wall shear rate was positively correlated with faecal pH (r=0.48) while leucocyte emigration showed no correlation. Leucocyte rolling velocity was not significantly altered. Normalisation of faecal pH by different alkalising drugs induced a significant decrease in leucocyte adherence in standard fed, indomethacin treated rats.Conclusions—Faecal pH is lowered in the indomethacin model of long lasting ileitis in rats, which is similar to human inflammatory bowel disease. Alkalisation of faecal pH due to different diets or alkalising drugs reduces indomethacin induced leucocyte endothelial cell adhesion and macroscopic intestinal damage. These results may provide a rationale for the therapeutic effect of enteral diets in Crohn’s disease.
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with octreotide: a randomised controlled study
Authors: Kouroumalis E , Skordilis P , Thermos K , Vasilaki A , Moschandrea J , Manousos O N 
Published: June 2010

Background—Standard treatment of inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma has not been established. Somatostatin has been shown to possess antimitotic activity against a variety of non-endocrine tumours.Aims—To assess the presence of somatostatin receptors in human liver and to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with the somatostatin analogue, octreotide.Methods—Somatostatin receptors were measured in liver tissue homogenates from patients with acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Fifty eight patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma were randomised to receive either subcutaneous octreotide 250 μg twice daily, or no treatment. Groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, Okuda classification, presence of cirrhosis, and liver biochemistry and virology.Results—Various amounts of somatostatin receptors were identified in liver tissue of all patients including those with hepatocellular carcinoma. Treated patients had an increased median survival (13 months versus four months, p=0.002, log rank test) and an increased cumulative survival rate at six and 12 months (75% versus 37%, and 56% versus 13% respectively). Octreotide administration significantly reduced α fetoprotein levels at six months. When a multivariable Cox’s proportional hazards model was fitted, variables associated with increased survival were: treatment administration, absence of cirrhosis, increased serum albumin, and small tumours. Treated patients clearly had a lower hazard (0.383) in the multivariate analysis.Conclusions—Octreotide administration significantly improves survival and is a valuable alternative in the treatment of inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma.
In vivo and in vitro hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron microscopy in chronic ductopenic rejection of human liver allografts
Authors: Taylor-Robinson S D , Sargentoni J , Bell J D , Thomas E L , Marcus C D , Changani K K , Saeed N , Hodgson H J F , Davidson B R , Burroughs A K , Rolles K , Foster C S , Cox I J 
Published: June 2010

Background—In vivo hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides non-invasive information about phospholipid metabolism.Aims—To delineate MRS abnormalities in patients with chronic ductopenic rejection (CDR) and to characterise spectral changes by in vitro MRS and electron microscopy.Patients and methods—Sixteen liver transplant recipients (four with CDR; 12 with good graft function) and 29 controls (23 healthy volunteers; six patients with biliary duct strictures) were studied with in vivo 31P MRS. Peak area ratios of phosphomonoesters (PME) and phosphodiesters (PDE), relative to nucleotide triphosphates (NTP) were measured. In vitro MRS and electron microscopy were performed on biopsy specimens from five patients with CDR, freeze clamped at retransplantation. Phosphoethanolamine (PE), phosphocholine (PC), glycerophosphorylethanolamine (GPE), and glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) concentrations were measured.Results—The 12 patients with good graft function displayed no spectral abnormalities in vivo; the four patients with CDR showed significantly elevated PME:NTP (p<0.01) and PDE:NTP ratios (p<0.005). Patients with biliary strictures had significant differences in PME:NTP (p<0.01) from patients with CDR, but not in mean PDE:NTP. In vitro spectra from CDR patients showed elevated PE and PC, mirroring the in vivo changes in PME, but reduced GPE and GPC concentrations were observed, at variance with the in vivo PDE findings. On electron microscopy, there was no proliferation in hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum.Conclusions—The increase in PME:NTP reflects altered phospholipid metabolism in patients with CDR, while the increase in PDE:NTP may represent a significant contribution from bile phospholipid.
Use of the somatostatin analogue octreotide to localise and manage somatostatin-producing tumours
Authors: Angeletti S , Corleto V D , Schillaci O , Marignani M , Annibale B , Moretti A , Silecchia G , Scopinaro F , Basso N , Bordi C , Delle Fave G 
Published: June 2010

Background—Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) and octreotide therapy have both changed the management of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours, but very few data are available on the use of SRS and octreotide to visualise and treat somatostatinomas.Method—The results of SRS and octreotide treatment in three somatostatinoma patients were examined.Results—SRS was able to detect extensive hepatic involvement in patient 1, one hepatic and one pancreatic lesion in patient 2, and one hepatic lesion in patient 3. Octreotide therapy (0.5 mg/day subcutaneously) was effective in decreasing plasma levels of somatostatin in all three patients. Symptoms (diabetes and diarrhoea) were greatly improved in the two patients with “somatostatinoma syndrome”.Conclusion—The study shows that somatostatinoma, like most other gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours, possesses functioning somatostatin receptors.
Motilin induces gall bladder emptying and antral contractions in the fasted state in humans
Authors: Luiking Y C , Peeters T L , Stolk M F J , Nieuwenhuijs V B , Portincasa P , Depoortere I , van Berge Henegouwen G P , Akkermans L M A 
Published: June 2010

Background—Animal studies have shown that motilin affects gall bladder motility. In humans, no effect has been shown, but erythromycin, a motilin receptor agonist, induces gall bladder emptying.Aims—To explore the effect of increasing doses of exogenous motilin on gall bladder volume and antral contractility in the fasted state in humans.Methods—After an overnight fast, eight healthy men received increasing intravenous doses of Leu13-motilin (KW-5139) or 0.9% NaCl in a double blind, randomised fashion. Gall bladder volume and antral contraction frequency were determined by ultrasonography.Results—Infusion of motilin increased plasma motilin levels. Motilin induced a reduction in gall bladder volume of 8.0 (5.0)%, 17.1 (5.0)%, 18.5 (4.7)%, and 16.1 (4.9)% of baseline volume at the end of infusion of 2, 4, ,8 and 16 pmol/kg/min respectively, compared with mean stable gall bladder volumes during placebo infusion (p<0.05). Antral contraction frequency increased during motilin infusion, but not during placebo infusion (p<0.05).Conclusions—Exogenous motilin reducted fasting gall bladder volume and increased antral contractions. After reaching maximal reduction, the gall bladder volume did not decrease further during continuous motilin infusion at higher doses and stayed at the same reduced volume. The degree of gall bladder volume reduction during motilin infusion mimicked gall bladder emptying preceding antral phase III activity of the migrating motor complex in humans. This study indicates that motilin may play a physiological role in the regulation of gall bladder emptying in the fasted state.
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Perlemuter G , Chaussade S , Wechsler B , Cacoub P , Dapoigny M , Kahan A , Godeau P , Couturier D 
Published: June 2010

Background/Aims—Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) reflects a dysfunction of the visceral smooth muscle or the enteric nervous system. Gastrointestinal manifestations are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but CIPO has not been reported. Features of CIPO are reported in five patients with SLE.Methods—From 1988 to 1993, five patients with SLE or SLE-like syndrome were hospitalised for gastrointestinal manometric studies. CIPO was the onset feature in two cases. Antroduodenal manometry (three hours fasting, two hours fed) was performed in all patients, and oesophageal manometry in four.Results—Intestinal hypomotility associated with reduced bladder capacity and bilateral ureteral distension was found in four patients and aperistalsis of the oesophagus in three. Treatment, which consisted of high dose corticosteroids, parenteral nutrition, promotility agents, and antibiotics, led to remission of both CIPO and urinary abnormalities in all cases. Antroduodenal manometry performed in two patients after remission showed increased intestinal motility. One patient died, and postmortem examination showed intestinal vasculitis.Conclusions—CIPO in SLE is a life threatening situation that can be reversed by treatment. It may be: (a) a complication or onset feature of the disease; (b) secondary to smooth muscle involvement; (c) associated with ureteral and vesical involvement; (d) the result of intestinal vasculitis.
Reduced susceptibility of mice overexpressing transforming growth factor α to dextran sodium sulphate induced colitis
Authors: Egger B , Carey H V , Procaccino F , Chai N-N , Sandgren E P , Lakshmanan J , Buslon V S , French S W , Büchler M W , Eysselein V E 
Published: June 2010

Background—Transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) knockout mice have increased susceptibility to dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced colitis.Aim—To substantiate the findings that TGF-α is a key mediator of colonic mucosal protection and/or repair mechanisms by evaluating the susceptibility of mice overexpressing TGF-α to DSS induced colitis.Methods—TGF-α overexpression was induced in transgenic mice by ZnSO4administration in drinking water (TG+). Three groups were used as controls: one transgenic group without ZnSO4 administration (TG−), and two non-transgenic littermate groups receiving ZnSO4 (Non-TG+) or only water (Non-TG−). Acute colitis was induced in all groups by administration of DSS (5%, w/v) in drinking water for six days ad libitum.Results—About 35–39% of the entire colonic mucosa was destroyed in Non-TG−, Non-TG+, and TG− animals compared with 9% in TG+ mice. The crypt damage score was 18.7 (0.9), 18.2 (1.0), 18.9 (0.8), and 6.8 (1.5) (means (SEM)) in Non-TG−, Non-TG+, TG−, and TG+ mice respectively. Mucin and bromodeoxyuridine staining were markedly enhanced in colons of TG+ mice compared with controls, indicating increased mucosal protection and regeneration.Conclusions—The significantly reduced susceptibility of mice overexpressing TGF-α to DSS further substantiates that endogenous TGF-α is a pivotal mediator of protection and/or healing mechanisms in the colon.
Folate depletion impairs DNA excision repair in the colon of the rat
Authors: Choi S-W , Kim Y-I , Weitzel J N , Mason J B 
Published: June 2010

Background/Aims—Diminished folate status appears to promote colonic carcinogenesis by, as of yet, undefined mechanisms. Impaired DNA repair plays a significant role in the evolution of many colon cancers. Since folate is essential for thede novo synthesis of nucleotides and since folate depletion has previously been associated with excessive DNA strand breaks, it was hypothesised that folate depletion may impair DNA repair. Studies were therefore performed to examine whether folate depletion affects the two major categories of DNA repair.Methods—Study 1: eight weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diets containing either 0 or 8 mg folate/kg diet with 1% succinylsulphathiazole for four weeks. After viable colonocytes had been harvested, DNA excision repair was evaluated by a single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Study 2: eighteen animals were fed on similar diets for five weeks. Also in study 2, 18 additional rats were fed on the same defined diet without succinylsulphathiazole for 15 weeks. Weekly injections with the procarcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (20 mg base/kg), were administered to the latter group of animals. Five microsatellite loci from different chromosomes were investigated for instability in hepatic and colonic DNA.Results—In study 1, a significantly retarded rate of DNA excision repair was observed in the folate deficient colonocytes compared with controls (p<0.05). In study 2, there was no evidence of instability at the five microsatellite loci associated with either short or long term folate depletion.Conclusions—Folate deficiency impairs DNA excision repair in rat colonic mucosa; a similar degree of deficiency, even when administered in conjunction with a colonic carcinogen, did not produce evidence of a widespread defect in mismatch repair.
Systemic and local immune responses againstHelicobacter pylori urease in patients with chronic gastritis: distinct IgA and IgG productive sites
Authors: Futagami S , Takahashi H , Norose Y , Kobayashi M 
Published: June 2010

Background—Helicobacter pylori urease is a major target for immune responses among various bacterial components in H pyloriinfected patients.Aims—To analyse the relation between systemic and local humoral immune responses toH pylori urease and grades of chronic gastritis.Patients—Seventy five patients with chronic gastritis associated with H pyloriinfection were classified into three groups (grade I, superficial gastritis; II, atrophic gastritis, quiescent; or III, atrophic gastritis, active).Methods—Anti-H pylori urease specific antibodies in the serum, gastric juice, and biopsy specimens were determined by ELISA or western blotting analysis. The sites for H pylori urease and its specific antibody producing B lymphocytes were confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis.Results—In the sera of patients with grade I gastritis, weak IgG but relatively strong IgA responses toH pylori urease were observed; dominant strong IgG responses were detected in grade II gastritis. In grade III gastritis, significant IgG and IgA responses were obtained. A similar pattern of IgA and IgG responses was detected in gastric juice and tissue. H pylori urease specific, antibody producing B cells were not found in the gastric mucosa of patients with grade I gastritis despite the presence of such B cells in the duodenal bulb. Specific B cells were observed in the gastric mucosa of patients with grade II and III gastritis with atrophy.Conclusions—PurifiedH pylori urease, together with localisation of its specific antibody producing B cells, are useful for serological testing and histopathological analysis for determining the stage of chronic gastritis and studying the pathogenesis ofH pylori infection.