bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Neural Network Modeling on Heat Transfer Performance of Finned Heat Pipe
Authors: Seo Young Min , Choi Ho Yeon , Ko Rock Kil , Kim Seokho , Park Yong Gap 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A numerical analysis has been conducted to examine the heat transfer characteristics of a finned heat pipe based on thermal resistance networks. The present numerical analysis also reports the enhancement of heat transport of heat pipe using the fins. The key simulation parameters considered were three types of fins with circular, square, and hexagonal shapes, the fin length in the range from 19.05mm to 38.1mm, the number of fins in the range from 5 to 20, and the fin thickness in the range from 0.25mm to 1mm. The heat transfer rate shoots up by 62.58% in the case of finned heat pipe when compared with the baseline model with respect to the variation in the simulation parameters. An artificial neural network, which is one of the machine learning methods, was used to predict the heat transfer performance obtained from thermal resistance analysis of the finned heat pipe. The optimized ANN model could predict the heat transfer performance of the finned heat pipe with reasonable accuracy. In addition, the heat transfer rate of the finned heat pipe could be predicted accurately from extrapolated and interpolated data using the optimized ANN model.
Absolute and age-relative suicide-rates for women and men age 60 years and older, at the global, region, and nation level, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 data
Authors: Sha Feng , Chang Qingsong , Zhao Ziyi , Cai Ziyi , Li Bingyu , Wu Donghui , Yu Xin , Yip Paul S.F. , Canetto Silvia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Suicide-rates are highest among older adults. Yet, older-adult suicide has been under-studied, particularly in relation to suicide in other age-groups, and by sex and location. Age-standardized suicide-rates (ASSR) of older-adults (OA) (ages 60-years-and-older) and non-older-adults (NOA) (ages 10-59 years), and the ratio of OA-to-NOA ASSR, for the 1990-2019 period, were calculated based on 2019 Global-Burden-of-Disease (GBD) data. OA absolute and age-relative ASSR were examined by country/nation/territory Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). There was a significant negative-correlation between OA-to-NOA ASSR and SDI. OA-to-NOA ASSR-ratios were larger in women in many regions, though OA ASSR were lower among women. The finding that OA had higher age-relative suicide-rates in lower socioeconomic-position regions challenges the belief that OA-suicide is a problem of higher socioeconomic-position regions. The fact that in many regions OA age-relative suicide-rates were higher in women than in men challenge the belief that OA women are protected from suicide.
Examining the Physiological Traits of Callus Tissues from Endosperm- Supported Mature Embryos in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under In Vitro Salt Stress Conditions
Authors: Mouhssine Fatine , Elyacoubi Houda , Imtara Hamada , Ez-zriouli Rabab , Elgoumi Younes , AlZain Mashail N. , Shahat Abdelaaty A. , Alzamel Nurah M. , Rochdi Atmane 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Salt tolerance is a much-needed potential in cereal crops. To date, numerous research protocols have focused on establishing selection programs to increase tolerance and productivity of crops in salt-stressed areas. In this study, we aimed to induce callus from endosperm-supported mature embryos of five common wheat varieties (Nassim, Wissam, Wafia, Rajae, and Tigre) subject directly to various increasing NaCl concentrations (0–9 g/L) under in vitro culture process. We chose callus growth, organic solutes accumulation, and ion content as main traits to evaluate the impact of salinity on stressed calli. Our findings indicate that the accentuated salinity pressure leads to a substantial elevation of Cl−, Na+, proline and soluble carbohydrates content, along with a reduction in callus growth, potassium accumulation, and K+/Na+ ratio. Yet, the performance under salt stress was significantly dependent on the varietal effect. At the highest concentration, the marked values of these solutes (12.06 µmol/g FM of proline; 43 µmol/g FM of Total soluble sugar; 31.15 mg/ g DM Na+; 12.82 mg/g DM of Cl−, 12.61 mg/g DM of K+ and 0.40 K+/Na+) were respectively recorded by Rajae. Principal component analysis (PCA) first classified Rajae as the most tolerant followed by wafia as tolerant, while Wissam and Tigre were ranked as sensitive. Whereas, the variety Nassim showed a moderate tolerance. Besides the K+/Na + Ratio and salinity tolerance index (STI), the PCA analysis has shown that all the studied physiological criteria seem worthwhile for better discrimination of the varieties tested according to their reaction to salinity.
New Method for Transient Signal Analysis using the Continuous Wavelet Transform
Authors: Gomez-Luna Eduardo , Cuadros Dixon , Candelo-Becerra John E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a new method for transient signal analysis in the frequency domain based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The study involved testing signals obtained from an electronic switch that considers opening and closing operations. The source is connected to inductive, resistive, and capacitive loads. The resonance behaviors were analyzed, obtaining the result that the signal processing performed by CWT is better for spectrum analysis than the Fourier Transform (FT). The results show that the CWT achieves greater reliability, repeatability, high noise attenuation, and softness of the analyzed spectrum. This study shows the potential of WT for analyzing transient signals, specifically in the connection and disconnection of loads.
Nanoparticle uptake by a semi-permeable, spherical cell from an external planar diffusive field. III. Analysis of an experimental system
Authors: Miklavcic Stanley Joseph 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Whether its for expediting targeted drug delivery or more generally for the potential risk posed to health through exposure to contaminated environments, the internalization of nanoparticles by biological cells has been the subject of much experimental research. One particular experimental system involving a 2D cell culture exposed to a nanoparticle solution is here modelled mathematically with the goal of identifying both cell-specific and environment-specific properties that govern the rate of nanoparticle uptake and the capacity for internalization by cells. Three models are presented and compared with experimental data. The first model considered, previously used in the literature to analyze experimental measurements, is discounted for its unrealistic behaviour and lack of adequate representation of the cells. The predictions of the second and third models, not previously considered, compare favorably with experimental measurements. We find generally that the experimentally measured rates of uptake are foremost dictated by the manner of exposure: unidirectional diffusion toward the 2D cell culture. This rate is then modulated by cell-specific properties. The latter are here represented by cell size and two phenomenological parameters. We find that for 2D cultures of close-packed cells, the finite domain (per unit area) 1D model presented here is appropriate. For cells free in solution or 2D cell cultures distributed at low surface density, the 3D, isolated cell model is more appropriate.
Uncertainty Characterization in Contaminated Groundwater system Using Fuzzy Vertex Alpha-cut Technique
Authors: Srivast Divya , Singh Raj Mohan , verma Pushpanjali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Groundwater is a vital natural resource. Water from this source is used practically worldwide because of its economical price, easy access, reliability, and excellent quality. However, groundwater contamination might make it unsafe to use for agriculture, household, and drinking needs. To solve groundwater management issues, groundwater system modelling is a fundamental requirement. Adopting any cleanup technique requires the identification of undiscovered sources of pollution. The data required for the processes involved in developing Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) models is produced by a groundwater flow and transport simulation model. The concentration breakthrough curves are described by the suggested approach using statistical parameters such as skewness, kurtosis, maximum value, average value, and standard deviation. To identify the sources in terms of their location, magnitudes, and duration of activity, a feed-forward multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) is employed with the defined parameters. Test and training patterns are used in varying numbers during experiments. To determine the source fluxes of groundwater pollution, a developed methodology is illustrated using example problems. To solve the groundwater flow and transport simulation model, specific boundary conditions and input parameters may be needed. Uncertainty in one is understanding of the given data, or epistemic uncertainty, can result in imprecise input parameters via indirect measurements and subjective interpretation. Using the Fuzzy Vertex Method, the epistemic uncertainty in the flow parameters is characterized as a result of imperfect measurement of source flux and one of the flow parameters.
Stretchable, Transparent and Multifunctional PVC-gel Heater: A Novel Approach to Skin-Mountable, Wearable Thermal Devices.
Authors: Kyung Ki-Uk , Kim Minki , Cho Minjae , Chung Chongyoung 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The electric heaters based on functional material and design have been developed to realize the various multifunctional applications. In this work, the functional heater consisting of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-gel heater and hydrogel electrode, for the first time, is proposed, which exhibits high stretchability, transparency and capacity to generate diverse thermal patterns through spatially localized heating. The proposed heater is capable of generating the uniform temperature distribution at the heated area under extreme strains up to 400%. Besides, its transparency over 86% transmittance across the visible range renders it highly suitable for wearable or skin-mountable applications in an aesthetic viewpoint. Thanks to its localized heating ability, the proposed heater is capable of being extended to pixelated heater array which is row/column addressable and transfers diverse thermal pattern, while it is still stretchable and transparent, demonstrating 5 x 5 heater array. Various applications are demonstrated such as the skin-mountable thermo-haptic devices, wearable thermotherapy, and controlled thermal pattern generations, all of which show its superior mechanical, optical and thermal advantages. This innovative functional heater can expand the possibilities for transferring the thermal information and sensation integrated with visual cues in the next-generation skin-mountable and wearable electric heating devices.
From Pixels to Titles: Video Game Identification by Screenshots using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Breve Fabricio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This paper investigates video game identification through single screenshots, utilizing five convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures (MobileNet, DenseNet, EfficientNetB0, EfficientNetB2, and EfficientNetB3) across 22 home console systems, spanning from Atari 2600 to PlayStation 5, totalling 8,796 games and 170,881 screenshots. Confirming the hypothesis, CNNs autonomously extract image features, enabling the identification of game titles from screenshots without additional features. Using ImageNet pre-trained weights as initial weights, EfficientNetB3 achieves the highest average accuracy (74.51\%), while DenseNet169 excels in 14 of the 22 systems. Employing alternative initial weights trained in an arcade screenshots dataset boosts accuracy for EfficientNetB2 and EfficientNetB3, with the latter reaching a peak accuracy of 76.36\% and demonstrating reduced convergence epochs from 23.7 to 20.5 on average. Overall, the combination of optimal architecture and weights attains 77.67\% accuracy, primarily led by EfficientNetB3 in 19 systems. These findings underscore the efficacy of CNNs in video game identification through screenshots.
Examination of the Impact of Curiosity and Fatigue on Brain Condition
Authors: YAN NI , Kokubun Keisuke , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Yamakawa Yoshinori 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

With a growing emphasis on cognitive well-being, this study investigates factors influencing brain health, measured by Fractional Anisotropy Brain Healthcare Quotient (FA-BHQ). We find a positive correlation between curiosity, assessed by the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II (CEI-II), and brain health as indicated by FA-BHQ. Conversely, fatigue, evaluated using the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS), demonstrates a negative correlation with brain health. Furthermore, curiosity and fatigue serve as significant mediators in the relationship between these factors and FA-BHQ, respectively. Specific brain regions, including the corpus callosum, internal capsule, fornix, and posterior thalamic radiation, show significant negative correlations with fatigue, while the corpus callosum, fornix, internal capsule, corona radiata, external capsule, cingulum, and posterior thalamic radiation exhibit significant positive correlations with curiosity. Notably, this study highlights that more brain regions exhibit significant correlations with curiosity compared to fatigue, shedding light on the growing recognition of curiosity's role in influencing brain health and emphasizing the importance of considering curiosity in the research on cognitive well-being.
Subtype-specific HERV-K102 envelope is a novel serum immunosuppressive biomarker and therapeutic target of cancer
Authors: Xu Rongzhen , Gong Qinyuan , Li Mengyuan , Zheng Shuwen , Wu Zhaoxing , Wang Ping , Zhang Xuzhao , Liang Yun , Qian Wenbin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Immune dysfunction is a hallmark of cancer and plays critical roles in immunotherapy resistance, but there is no serum biomarker that can be used to evaluate immune-dysfunction status of cancer patients. Here, we identified subtype-specific HERV-K102 envelope (K102-Env) with immunosuppressive activity in circulating blood as a novel serum immunosuppressive biomarker of cancer.
Methods: We first generated monoclonal antibodies against K102-Env with high sensitivity and specificity, and we developed an ELISA assay for serum K102-Env. We then investigated whether K102-Env and K108-Env proteins are present in circulating blood of cancer patients.
Results: We detected K108-Env in 63.33% of patients with pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (n = 30) and 63% of healthy sera (n = 30). In contrast, K102-Env markedly increased in patients with PDAC, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with healthy controls (p < 0.01). The positive rates of K102-Env were 34.00%, 39%, and 28.0% in PDAC, HCC, and NSCLC, respectively, whereas only 5.0% of healthy individuals had marginally increased K102-Env. In patients with PDAC, K102-Env was 36.63-fold higher than in sera of healthy controls. K102-Env significantly upregulated PD-1/PD-L1 and c-Myc expression levels of T cells. Importantly, serum K102-Env levels correlated well with advanced cancers and tumor biomarkers CA19-9 and AFP.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that circulating K102-Env is a novel serum biomarker for evaluating immunosuppressive status and disease stage of patients with cancer, and it also provides a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Moxifloxacin and Marbofloxacin against Mastitis in Buffalo
Authors: Shelke AA , Siddiqui MFMF , Sakhare MP , Suryawanshi PR , Shaikh SR 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The present research work was carried out to evaluate efficacy of moxifloxacin and marbofloxacin in clinical mastitis in buffaloes. Total 20 clinical mastitis positive buffaloes were selected after screening of 129 lactating buffaloes by strip cup test and clinical signs, in and around Parbhani area. The selected buffaloes were divided into 2 groups, 10 animals in each. Group I was treated with Inj. Moxifloxacin @ 5 mg/kg BW IM for 5 days and group II received Inj. Marbofloxacin @ 2 mg/kg BW IM for 5 days. Supportive treatment was given in both groups as antihistaminic, multivitamins and NSAIDs. The clinical parameters like rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate showed significant improvement in both the treatment groups. Haematolgical studies showed significant improvement in TLC, neutrophil and lymphocyte count while apparent but non-significant improvement observed in Hb, PCV, basophil, eosinophil and monocyte count. On bacterial isolation, most frequent bacteria observed were Staphylococcus aureus (48.14%), followed by E. coli (25.92%), Klesiella spp. (14.81%) and mixed bacterial infection (11.11%). Results of antibiotic sensitivity test of samples showed sensitive to, in descending order, Marbofloxacin (70%), Moxifloxacin (50%), Enrofloxacin (60%) and Ciprofloxacin (50%). Efficacy of marbofloxacin @ 2 mg/kg BW IM for 5 days was more (70%) compared to moxifloxacin @ 5 mg/kg BW IM for 5 days (50%). Hence, marbofloxacin was found more effective than moxifloxacin for treatment and control of mastitis in buffalo.
Continuous-Transition-Mediated Deformation Twinning in Cubic Boron Nitride
Authors: Nie Anmin , Bu Yeqiang , Su Zhengping , Huang Junquan , Tong Ke , Li Penghui , Wang Chong , Jin Tianye , Zhao Song , Zhao Zhisheng , Soldatov Alexander , Wang Yanbin , Xu Bo , Liu Zhongyuan , Wang Hongtao , Yang Wei , Tian Yongjun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Deformation twinning, a phenomenon primarily documented within metallic systems, has remained essentially unexplored in covalent materials due to the formidable challenges posed by their inherent extreme hardness and brittleness. Utilizing our loading-specific twinning criterion, we have successfully activated extensive deformation twinning and quantified the consequent significant improvements in mechanical properties in < 100>-oriented cBN submicron pillars at room temperature, employing a five-degree-of-freedom nanomanipulation stage inside a transmission electron microscope. Extending beyond cBN, this criterion has also proven widely applicable across a spectrum of covalent materials, underscoring its broad potential. Building on the successful implementation of twinning, our investigations have unveiled the twinning dynamics at the atomic level in cBN. In contrast to metallic systems, the twinning observed in cBN is governed by a novel mechanism of continuous transitions involving the collective displacement of atoms beneath the (111) slip planes within the lattice. These findings substantially advance our comprehension of twinning mechanisms in covalent face-centered cubic materials, and herald a promising avenue for microstructural engineering aimed at enhancing the strength and toughness of these materials.
The Politics of Emotional Empathy: Partisanship, Trait Empathy, and Social Justice Concerns in a Representative Sample of Californians
Authors: Martinez Andres 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In America’s hyper-polarized political landscape, is the fundamental problem an empathy gap (or deficit) across party categories? An analysis of a representative sample of Californians (N = 875) suggests that the answer is “no.” Although Democrats, Republicans, and Independents differed somewhat in average trait emotional empathy levels, the magnitudes of these differences were not large. Interestingly, analysis showed that (on average) all political affiliations are characterized by high levels of trait emotional empathy. However, the target of emotional empathy varied by party. Democrats’ and Independents’ empathic tendencies were linked to social justice concerns. In contrast, Republicans’ empathic tendencies were untethered from this domain. These findings provide evidence that—in California and perhaps beyond—emotional empathy is pronounced across the political spectrum. However, the targets of empathy differ by political affiliation. Discussion explores the implications of these findings for political polarization and cooperation across partisan categories.
Insights on Earthquake Nucleation Revealed by Numerical Simulation and Unsupervised Machine Learning of Laboratory-Scale Earthquake Nucleation
Authors: Ye William (Sheng Hua) , Lui Semechah , Young R. Paul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Understanding earthquake nucleation is vital for predicting and mitigating seismic events, saving lives, and enhancing construction practices in earthquake-prone areas. Cascade triggering and preslip triggering are prevalent theories, posing challenges in differentiation based on field observations. Our study employs a novel unsupervised machine learning pipeline, integrating macroscopic- and grain-scale data from stick-slip experiments in a discrete element method (DEM) framework. Running 27 simulations, we cluster foreshocks and mainshocks separately and assess their correlation. The study supports the cascade triggering model on the macro-scale, as we did not observe any scaling between nucleation parameters and the mainshock size. On the other hand, further grain-scale analysis identifies that, separate from Coulomb stress transfer, there is an additional mechanism related to shear stress accumulation on the fault, which is likely the preslip triggering. Overall, while foreshocks may not directly influence the trend at which contact force evolves, they could prime the fault for dynamic rupture by increasing the proportion of contacts accumulating shear stresses. Our findings infer the possible coexistence of the two theorized mechanisms.
Plant peptide hormone phytosulfokine promotes embryogenic development of calli in Pinus massoniana
Authors: Luo Qunfeng , Hu Shan , Deng Zhaolei , Gu Zhenjun , Liu Qian , zhou Guang , Du Qiang , Yang Chunxia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Pinus massoniana is a critical afforestation and ecological tree species in China. However, the continued existence of this pine is severely threatened by pine wilt disease. Somatic embryogenesis serves as a highly efficient clonal propagation approach. Although significant progress has been made in somatic embryogensis research on P.massoniana, resulting in the successful regeneration of plants, the limited embryogenic potential of improved cell lines and the loss of embryogenic properties resulting from prolonged proliferation have posed obstacles to the industrialization of SE production. Here, we investigated the effect of phytosulfokine on embryogenic development of cell lines from P. massoniana, and then leading to a cascade of physicochemical changes. Eight embryogenic cell lines of P. massoniana were used as research materials to observe phenotype and cytological changes. Physiological factors and the contents of nutrients and endogenous hormones were measured before and after phytosulfokine addition. We found that PSK promoted the embryogenic suspensor mass structure of embryogenic cell lines of P. massoniana. In addition, PSK accumulated soluble sugar, protein, and starch, and maintained redox homeostasis during the cell line proliferation process by reducing H2O2 levels. Further, endogenous hormone indole-3-acetic acid may be the main driver of the embryonic changes of cell lines. Our findings increase our understanding of how PSK affects somatic embryogensis in P. massoniana, thereby providing a valuable tool for establishing efficient somatic embryogensis systems in conifer species.