bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The extracellular proteome of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB‐12 reveals proteins with putative roles in probiotic effects
Authors: Gilad Ofir , Svensson Birte , Viborg Alexander H. , Stuer‐Lauridsen Birgitte , Jacobsen Susanne 
Published: April 2011

AbstractProbiotics are live microorganisms that exert health‐promoting effects on the human host, as demonstrated for numerous strains of the genus Bifidobacterium. To unravel the proteins involved in the interactions between the host and the extensively used and well‐studied probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB‐12, proteins secreted by the bacterium, i.e. belonging to the extracellular proteome present in the culture medium, were identified by 2‐DE coupled with MALDI‐TOF MS. Among the 74 distinct proteins identified, 31 are predicted to carry out their physiological role either outside the cell or on its surface. These proteins include solute‐binding proteins for oligosaccharides, amino acids and manganese, cell wall‐metabolizing proteins, and 18 proteins that have been described to interact with human host epithelial cells or extracellular matrix proteins. The potential functions include binding of plasminogen, formation of fimbriae, adhesion to collagen, attachment to mucin and intestinal cells as well as induction of immunomodulative response. These findings suggest a role of the proteins in colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, adhesion to host tissues, or immunomodulation of the host immune system. The identification of proteins predicted to be involved in such interactions can pave the way towards well targeted studies of the protein‐mediated contacts between bacteria and the host, with the goal to enhance the understanding of the mode of action of probiotic bacteria.
Corrigendum to the paper ‘Linear Time Varying Model Predictive Control and its Application to Active Steering Systems: Stability Analysis and Experimental Validation’ (International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 2008; 18(8):862–875)
Authors: Falcone P. , Borrelli F. , Asgari J. , Tseng E. H. , Hrovat D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis note is a corrigendum of the paper ‘Linear Time Varying Model Predictive Control and its Application to Active Steering Systems: Stability Analysis and Experimental Validation’, published on the volume 18, issue 8, pages 862–875 of the International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control in 2008. Next we point out a technical error in the proof of Lemma 2 of the paper, and provide the corrected version of the lemma. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amandinea myrticola, a new corticolous species from Portugal
Authors: GIRALT Mireia , van den BOOM Pieter P.G. , ELIX John A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAmandinea myrticola is described as new from Portugal. This corticolous species is characterized by the thin, smooth to minutely rugose and greyish thallus lacking secondary metabolites, the small lecideine apothecia which exhibit a pseudothalline margin when young and the small, smooth, Physconia-type ascospores with strongly pronounced and persistent median wall thickenings. It occurs on smooth bark in two localities characterized by a Mediterranean climate with an Atlantic influence.
The State of (Dis)Union: American Studies in Britain
Authors: Macpherson Heidi Slettedahl , Kaufman Will 
Published: April 2011

“What's in a name?” Janice A. Radway asked in her 1998 presidential address to the American Studies Association (1), invoking, without explicit comment, a transatlantic literary reference to explore the Americanness of the ASA's title. Such a gesture speaks to the increasingly transatlantic or comparative element apparent in studies of American culture, both in the United States and elsewhere. What's in a collective proper noun? one might also ask. (And don't those words — proper, collective — just itch to be explored themselves?) If anything, American Studies presents itself as neither collective nor proper, but as an arena for the multiple explorations of mythical Americanness and the boundaries and borders of the term. Lee E. Heller argues that the very term American Studies is “reflective of a variety of imperialist erasures and appropriations” (337), but even Radway could come up with no better term to replace it, trying out a variety of cumbersome titles before returning to the original as the inadequate but perhaps inevitable designation of what we as Americanists do.If Radway (rightly) questioned the American designation, here we might look again at the second term, for American Studies is delineated with a capital S in the United Kingdom, and often (though not always) by a lowercase s in the United States. Does size matter? Is American Studies in the United Kingdom different from American studies as written, read, produced, and enacted in the United States? The clear divisions suggested here — Americans write studies, Britons write Studies — may be as false as the old, nationally bounded constructions of French feminism versus Anglo-American feminism, and the peregrinations of academics across the globe mean that many British Americanists, like ourselves, have America hiding in our backgrounds (if you don't know us) and foregrounded in our accents (if you do).
“Our Domestic Trials with Freedmen and Others”: A White South Carolinian's Diary of African-American “Exhibitions of Freedom,” 1865–80
Authors: Strickland Jeffery 
Published: April 2011

In October 1865, Jacob Schirmer returned to Charleston, South Carolina, after more than three years refuge from the Civil War in the village of Edge-field, South Carolina. Schirmer had brought his slaves with him to Edgefield, but they did not return to Charleston with him, choosing instead to “realize their Freedom” (diary entry for October 28, 1865). Schirmer, a German American, kept a regular diary from 1826 until his death in 1880. Following the Civil War, though, he also commenced a separate journal — “Our Domestic Trials with Freedmen and Others” — in which he recorded his dealings with domestic workers in the free labor system. He hired three domestic servants: a female cook and washer, a male butler, and a male gardener. For the next twenty-five years, Schirmer struggled with the transition from slavery to freedom. “Our Domestic Trials” documents not only Schirmer's reaction to the revolutionary social changes of the era but also offers a telling picture of the ways in which African Americans responded to their newfound freedom and their determination to maintain that freedom.Jacob Schirmer was born in 1803 into a well-known German-American family in Charleston. Schirmer's grandfather was Jacob Sass, a reputable Charleston cabinetmaker. Schirmer operated a successful coopering (barrel making) business, and he owned eight buildings in Charleston. He served as president of the Corporation of St. John's Lutheran Church and as treasurer of the German Friendly Society. It does not appear that Schirmer was active in politics, nor was he a member of the German rifle clubs in Charleston (probably because they were formed by German immigrants in the 1850s).
Revisioning Death and Dying: 19th-Century Attitudes as Reflected in Louisa May Alcott's Antebellum and Civil War Writings
Authors: Talley Sharon 
Published: April 2011

In “The Pornography of Death,” an essay originally published in 1955 and later incorporated into a book-length study, anthropologist Geoffrey Gorer was the first to document a dramatic shift between Victorian and contemporary attitudes toward sexuality and death. Victorian society viewed death as a natural, integral part of life, while sexuality was considered obscene and pornographic, a topic unfit for polite conversation and social discourse. In the 20th century, however, Gorer locates an “unremarked shift in prudery; whereas copulation has become more and more ‘mentionable,’ particularly in the Anglo-Saxon societies, death has become more and more ‘unmentionable’as a natural process” (195). Responding to Gorer's provocative argument, other scholars have confirmed this cultural shift from acceptance to fear and denial of death, and as popular interest in this phenomenon has developed in the United States, a credible canon of study has formed to fill the previous void in scholarship regarding the historical, psychological, and cultural dimensions of death that simultaneously fascinate and silence Americans. As a result, death in recent decades has become an acceptable field of scholarly inquiry. However, although often viscerally aroused by abstract death and irresistibly drawn to its depiction, Americans as a society remain uncomfortable with death's immediate implications and, in many contexts, avoid contemplating its relationship to their own lives and the lives of those around them.In contrast, as Charles O. Jackson observes, “The popular mind of antebellum America was saturated with open concern about death,” a concern prompted not only “by ‘actuarial prevalence’ but by ‘existential proximity’ Life expectancy throughout the century remained limited, measured against today's standards, approximately forty years in 1850 and forty-seven at the close of the century” (61).
Alain Locke: Personality and the Problematic of Pragmatism in the Construction of Race
Authors: Helbling Mark 
Published: April 2011

In the current interest in American pragmatism, the role of African American intellectuals within that tradition, together with questions of race and ethnic identity, has increasingly been given serious attention. Cornel West, for example, argued in The American Evasion of Philosophy (1989) that pragmatism represented our most important intellectual tradition for confronting the inequalities that existed due to “hierarchies based on class, race, gender and sexual orientation.” Nevertheless, West claimed, it was a flawed tradition still limited in its intellectual and social reach because “the complex formulations and arguments of American pragmatists shape and are shaped by the social structures that exploit and oppress.” Given this claim, West challenged his readers to expand “the pragmatist canon to encompass a major body of critical reflection on ‘race’ and racism in the United States.”Of those who have responded to West's challenge, Nancy Fraser was one of the first to link her critical project directly with that of his. In “Another Pragmatism: Alain Locke, Critical ‘Race’ Theory, and the Politics of Culture” (1995), Fraser writes, “I intend to take up Cornel West's challenge. I am going to discuss a recently rediscovered work by another African-American theorist of ‘race’ and racism who was trained in philosophy at Harvard under Josiah Royce and William James early in this century and who also deserves a place in the “pragmatist pantheon.” Thus, whereas W E. B. Du Bois was the only African American to appear in West's “pragmatist pantheon,” Fraser gave a careful reading of five lectures that Locke gave at Howard University in the spring of 1916 — “Race Contacts and Interracial Relations: A Study of the Theory and Practice of Race” — to establish his pragmatic credentials. These credentials, however, included his specific use of race as a form of social solidarity; that is, as an expression of group solidarity, race served to articulate as well as shape the cultural and political needs of African Americans. For this reason, Fraser argued that although “pragmatism undoubtedly lay at the core of Locke's 1916 vision,” his “lectures present a strand of pragmatist thought that differs importantly from the mainstream of the movement.”
The Piazza degli Affari and the contingent nature of urbanism in fascist Milan
Authors: MAULSBY LUCY 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT:During the period of fascist rule, Mussolini's government radically transformed the built environment by sponsoring a wide range of public works projects intended to bring fascist values of order and hierarchy to cities and towns throughout Italy. A close look at Paolo Mezzanotte's project for a new business district in Milan demonstrates that changes to the urban fabric were often the result of fierce and prolonged negotiations between multiple centres of power, despite fascism's totalitarian ambitions. This project thus serves as an opportunity to consider the particular forces that shaped urban change in Milan as well as a model for evaluating fascist era projects in other urban centres.
A study in Modern(ist) urbanism: planning Vancouver, 1945–1965
Authors: LISCOMBE RHODRI WINDSOR 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT:The implementation of Modern Movement town planning is still regarded as both rapid and relatively unproblematic in the aftermath of World War II. A more complex narrative emerges from an examination of the urban redevelopment policy and practice at Vancouver, British Columbia, during the immediate World War II decades. The analysis focuses on the civic and professional discourse of redevelopment. It illuminates the diverse interests and processes by which Modernist planning theory and practice were introduced, modified and resisted. New concepts and values are shown to have been subject to internal no less than external forces of revision.
Migration potential as a new predictor of long-distance dispersal rate for plants
Authors: He Tianhua , Lamont Byron , Enright Neal , Krauss Siegy , Merwin Laura 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHow biotic and abiotic factors interact to shape the overall pattern of dispersal of propagules is critical in understanding the evolution of dispersal mechanisms as well as predicting dispersal rates between patchily-distributed habitats. But which plant traits, demographic and/or habitat factors best predict the capacity for dispersal? We introduce the concept of migration potential (v), a readily interpretable parameter that combines recruitment efficiency (recruits per adult / seeds per adult per dispersal cycle) with level of habitat occupancy for predicting effective long-distance dispersal (LDD) of seeds. Using our empirical (genotype assignment) estimates of LDD and statistics on life-history traits and demographic features for contrasting co-occurring shrub species as a test case, and comparing alternative plant traits, we demonstrate that rate of LDD is best described as a simple function of v. As the direct consequence of life-history and demographic traits in a specific environmental context, v has the potential to predict LDD rates in both stable and changing ecosystems
Wait list status of pediatric dialysis patients in North America
Authors: Nguyen Stephanie , Martz Karen , Stablein Don , Neu Alicia 
Published: April 2011

Nguyen S, Martz K, Stablein D, Neu A. Wait list status of pediatric dialysis patients in North America. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 376–383. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for the majority of pediatric patients with end‐stage kidney disease. Previous studies demonstrating racial or gender disparities in access to the deceased donor transplant list could not evaluate the impact of medical concerns or patient preference on waitlist status. We undertook a retrospective cohort study using the NAPRTCS registry to begin to determine barriers to wait list registration for kidney transplantation among pediatric dialysis patients. Clinical and demographic factors were compared in listed vs. non‐listed patients. Reasons cited for not listing patients were examined by clinical and demographic factors. At dialysis initiation, 88.7% of pediatric dialysis patients were not on the renal transplant wait list. Twelve months after dialysis initiation, 67.1% of pediatric dialysis patients were not on the wait list. The groups least likely to be on the wait list were infants (adjusted OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.16, 0.32) and girls (adjusted OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67, 0.90) after adjusting for multiple confounders. The reason most often cited for not listing was medical reason for young infants and that the transplant workup was pending for girls. Further study is needed to identify barriers to wait list registration.
The PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism is associated with insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a normoglycaemic population
Authors: Wang Chih‐Wen , Lin Hsing‐Yi , Shin Shyi‐Jang , Yu Ming‐Lung , Lin Zu‐Yau , Dai Chia‐Yen , Huang Jee‐Fu , Chen Shinn‐Cherng , Li Steven Shoei‐Lung , Chuang Wan‐Long 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Background and Aims: The adiponutrin/patatin‐like phospholipase‐3 (PNPLA3) I148M polymorphism has recently been found to contribute to differences in hepatic lipid content. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently been considered a hepatic component of insulin resistance and a risk factor in the emergence of type 2 diabetes. However, whether there is an association between PNPLA3 I148M and insulin resistance and NAFLD in a normoglycaemic population is still unknown.
Methods: This study enrolled 156 normoglycaemic individuals with NAFLD and 723 controls. All participants received complete biochemical and clinical workups including liver ultrasonography. They were then genotyped for the PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism.
Results: We found significant differences in the genotype and the dominant model of the PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism between the NAFLD groups and the controls (P=0.018 and P=0.01 respectively). Furthermore, there was a dose effect of the PNPLA3 I148M genotype, in that CG heterozygotes had a risk of NAFLD between CC and GG homozygotes [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.23–3.375 for the GG genotype and adjusted OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.02–2.35 for the CG genotype]. The dominant model of the PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism showed higher waist circumference, fasting insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA‐IR), alanine aminotransferase concentrations and ferritin level. Multivariate analysis showed the PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism to be independently and significantly associated with NAFLD in our normoglycaemic participants.
Conclusion: This study reports an association between the PNPLA3‐I148M polymorphism and insulin resistance and NAFLD in a normoglycaemic population.
THE QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF SOIL MEIOFAUNA
Authors: MURPHY PAUL W. 
Published: April 2011

Details of a method for preparation of undisturbed samples for extraction with a modified funnel are given, together with techniques for the quantitative assessment of the catch (especially Acarina and Collembola). These techniques include handling, visual examination and storage of the fauna.ZusammenfassungEinzelheiten einer Methode zur Erhaltung ungestörter Bodenproben werden beschrieben, geeignet für den Gebrauch in einem modifizierten Tullgren‐Ausleseapparat und besonders zur Anwendung an steinigen Standorten. Ein ungestörter Bodenblock wird aus der Seitenwand eines Profilgrabens gehoben und daraus eine zylindrische Probe von 5,1 cm Durchmesser heraus geschnitten, die in Scheiben von etwa 2 cm Dicke zerlegt wird.Der Apparat und das Verfahren zur Behandlung der ausgelesenen Fauna (besonders Acarina und Collembola) besteht aus einem viereckigen Glasgefäss (6 × 6 × 1 cm) für die Auszählung, einem Alkohol‐Behälter und einem Micro‐Immersionsfilter (gesintertes Glas) zur Verminderung des Volumens der Flüssigkeit, in dem sich die Fauna befindet, sowie aus dem Gebrauch von Glyzerin, das zur Erleichterung der mikroskopischen Untersuchung und Behandlung der Organismen bestimmt ist. Ein modifiziertes, langarmiges Mikroskop und ein davon getrennter Tisch werden zur Auszählung und Identifizierung verwendet. Es wird mit auffallendem Licht unter Verwendung eines Polarisationsfilters gearbeitet, der zur Verminderung der Reflexion von den Seiten des Glastellers und zur besseren Sicht in der Flüssigkeit dient. Fehlerquellen während der Auszählung werden besprochen und Einzelheiten der Aufbewahrung des Fanges beschrieben.
ÜBER DIE URSACHEN DER UNTERSCHIEDLICHEN RESISTENZ VON VICIA FABA L. GEGENÜBER DER BOHNENBLATTLAUS, APHIS (DORALIS) FABAE SCOP. V. ANTIBIOTISCHE WIRKUNGEN AUF DIE VERMEHRUNGSKRAFT1
Authors: MÜLLER H. J. 
Published: April 2011

An Primärblättern junger Keimpflanzen von Rastatter und Schlanstedter Ackerbohnen (Vicia faba) zeigt sich ein antibiotischer Resistenzunterschied in der parthenogenetischen Vermehrungsrate und ‐geschwindigkeit der Schwarzen Bohnenlaus, Aphis fabae, der auf abgeschnittenen Blättern nahezu völlig verschwindet. Dies steht vermutlich mit dem wechselnden Nährstoffgehalt in ihren Phloemen in Beziehung.SummaryThe rate of reproduction and the velocity of development of Black Aphids, Aphis (Do‐ralis) fabae Scop., are proofed on first‐formed leaves (see Abb. 1 above) of Rastatter (R) and Schlanstedter (S) fieldbeans 1) by numbering the daughters, which are born by one young virginogen mother in the time between birth and maturity of her first born daughter and 2) by measuring this time (of a such a “firstborn generation”) in days for many generations, which are continued by placing the young ripe first born daughter as mother of the next generation on a new leaf each time. The breedings are made during half a year in two parallel series of five lines each on R and S a) on cut and watered first‐formed leaves and b) on equivalent leaves of rooted plants.On the cut leaves in water the velocity of development, the total number of progeny, and the rate of reproduction (calculated by dividing the number of daughters in the firstborn generation by the period from birth to maturity of the first‐born daughter) were on the average much greater than on rooted seedlings of the same varieties. The duration of each generation and the mortality of the mothers was significantly lower on the cut leaves.The differences between the two varieties were only slight on cut leaves in water, but they were more conspicuous on the rooted leaves. With reference to Kennedy's idea of the nutritional value of differently aged leaves, it is suggested that the different concentrations of soluble protein components in the phloem may be the cause of these antibiotic effects. As this concentration is probably the same in cut leaves as in ageing ones, the aphids find more food there and therefore produce more progeny more rapidly than on the mature leaves of rooted plants.As the optimum conditions for reproduction are found on cut leaves of R, and as these seem similar to those found on S, the increase in food available apparently compensates for the differences in antibiotic resistance between the two varieties.Some possible mechanisms for this antibiotic resistance are discussed, especially as it has formerly been stated that R beans appear to be resistant to alate aphids when these choose their host plants.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL STRAINS IN THE TETRANYCHUS TELARIUS COMPLEX
Authors: PARR W. J. , HUSSEY N. W. 
Published: April 2011

Cross breeding experiments with British and North American colour forms of the mites included in the Tetranychus telarius complex suggest that T. urticae Koch is the correct name for the green form, and T. cinnabarinus Boisd. for the reddish form. Different strains, with different degrees of incompatibility, occur in each species.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGWEITERE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DIE GESCHLECHTLICHE ISOLATION GEOGRAPHISCHER POPULATIONEN IM TETRANYCHUS TELARIUS‐KOMPLEXEs würden Kreuzungsversuche durchgeführt, um die Verwandtschaft zwischen britischen und nordamerikanischen Farbformen des sogenannten T. telarius Komplex zu prüfen.Paarungen zwischen Vertretern der grünen Form ergaben F1 Hybriden, die voll fortpflanzungsfähig waren, obgleich sie unterschiedliche Grade von Unverträglichkeit zeigten.Solche zwischen den rötlichen Formen. ergaben vollständige Unverträglichkeit; die F1 Weibchen waren steril oder hatten sehr geringe Fruchtbarkeit. Wenn Nachkommen von derartigen Weibchen erzeugt wurden, waren sie männlichen Geschlechts.Die unterschiedlichen Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse, die zwischen Farbformen verschiedener geographischer Verbreitung bestehen, werden besprochen, und es wird daraus geschlossen, dass alle Angehörigen einer jeden Farbgruppe als gleiche Arten betrachtet werden müssen. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass T. urticae Koch der korrekte Name ist, der jetzt für die grünen Formen angewendet werden sollte, und T. cinnabarinus Boisd. für die rötlichen Formen beizubehalten.