bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-assisted Cu(II) Strecker-functionalized organocatalyst for green azide–alkyne cycloaddition and Ullmann reactions
Authors: Aghajani Mahyar , Dabiri Minoo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA new aminonitrile-functionalized Fe3O4 has been synthesized via the Strecker reaction, the designed aminonitrile ligand on the surface of the magnetic core coordinated to copper(II) to obtain the final new catalyst. The fabricated nanocatalyst was characterized by Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Vibrating-Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The high tendency of nitrogens in the aminonitrile functional group to make a complex with Cu(II) has caused the practical activity of this nucleus in this catalyst. This nanocatalyst performance was investigated in azide–alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (3 + 2) reaction for achieving to 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in water as a green media at room temperature. In another try, Classic Ullmann Reaction was investigated for the synthesis of biaryls at 85 °C promoted by ultrasonic condition (37 kHz). The reaction scope was explored using different reactants and the results of using this developed catalytic system demonstrated its capacity to reduce the reaction time and enhance the reaction efficiency to provide good to excellent product yield. Conversely, the simple recycling and reusability of this catalyst for at least six times without any noticeable leaching of copper makes it a potential future catalyst for synthesizing such compounds.
Cardiac myosin inhibitor, CK-586, minimally reduces systolic function and ameliorates obstruction in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rivas Victor N. , Crofton Amanda E. , Jauregui Carina E. , Wouters Jalena R. , Yang Betty S. , Wittenburg Luke A. , Kaplan Joanna L. , Hwee Darren T. , Murphy Anne N. , Morgan Bradley P. , Malik Fady I. , Harris Samantha P. , Stern Joshua A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains the most common cardiomyopathy in humans and cats with few preclinical pharmacologic interventional studies. Small-molecule sarcomere inhibitors are promising novel therapeutics for the management of obstructive HCM (oHCM) patients and have shown efficacy in left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) relief. The objective of this study was to explore the 6-, 24-, and 48-hour (h) pharmacodynamic effects of the cardiac myosin inhibitor, CK-586, in six purpose-bred cats with naturally occurring oHCM. A blinded, randomized, five-treatment group, crossover preclinical trial was conducted to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of CK-586 in this oHCM model. Dose assessments and select echocardiographic variables were assessed five times over a 48-h period. Treatment with oral CK-586 safely ameliorated LVOTO in oHCM cats. CK-586 treatment dose-dependently eliminated obstruction (reduced LVOTOmaxPG), increased measures of systolic chamber size (LVIDs Sx), and decreased select measures of heart function (LV FS% and LV EF%) in the absence of impact on heart rate. At all tested doses, a single oral CK-586 dose resulted in improved or resolved LVOTO with well-tolerated, dose-dependent, reductions in LV systolic function. The results from this study pave the way for the potential use of CK-586 in both the veterinary and human clinical setting.
Using machine learning algorithms to enhance IoT system security
Authors: El-Sofany Hosam , El-Seoud Samir A. , Karam Omar H. , Bouallegue Belgacem 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe term “Internet of Things” (IoT) refers to a system of networked computing devices that may work and communicate with one another without direct human intervention. It is one of the most exciting areas of computing nowadays, with its applications in multiple sectors like cities, homes, wearable equipment, critical infrastructure, hospitals, and transportation. The security issues surrounding IoT devices increase as they expand. To address these issues, this study presents a novel model for enhancing the security of IoT systems using machine learning (ML) classifiers. The proposed approach analyzes recent technologies, security, intelligent solutions, and vulnerabilities in ML IoT-based intelligent systems as an essential technology to improve IoT security. The study illustrates the benefits and limitations of applying ML in an IoT environment and provides a security model based on ML that manages autonomously the rising number of security issues related to the IoT domain. The paper proposes an ML-based security model that autonomously handles the growing number of security issues associated with the IoT domain. This research made a significant contribution by developing a cyberattack detection solution for IoT devices using ML. The study used seven ML algorithms to identify the most accurate classifiers for their AI-based reaction agent’s implementation phase, which can identify attack activities and patterns in networks connected to the IoT. The study used seven ML algorithms to identify the most accurate classifiers for their AI-based reaction agent’s implementation phase, which can identify attack activities and patterns in networks connected to the IoT. Compared to previous research, the proposed approach achieved a 99.9% accuracy, a 99.8% detection average, a 99.9 F1 score, and a perfect AUC score of 1. The study highlights that the proposed approach outperforms earlier machine learning-based models in terms of both execution speed and accuracy. The study illustrates that the suggested approach outperforms previous machine learning-based models in both execution time and accuracy.
Assessing muscle energy technique and foam roller self-myofascial release for low back pain management in two-wheeler riders
Authors: Khan Tabassum , Rizvi Moattar Raza , Sharma Ankita , Ahmad Fuzail , Hasan Shahnaz , Uddin Shadab , Sidiq Mohammad , Ammari Areej , Iqbal Amir , Alghadir Ahmad H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPain in the lower back is a major concern in today’s era due to prolonged sitting in two-wheeler riders, mainly due to hamstring tightness. It also creates physical disability and impairment in activities of daily living. The study aimed to compare the efficacy of muscle energy technique (MET) and self-myofascial release (SMFR) using the foam roller on hamstring flexibility, dynamic balance, and physical disability amongst two-wheeler riders with chronic low back pain (LBP). Participants were randomized into two intervention groups, MET and SMFR using the envelope method, with each group having 20 participants. Hamstring flexibility and range of motion for knee extension and the lower back were assessed using the active knee extension test (AKE-L and AKE-R) and sit and reach test (SRT), while the dynamic balance was assessed by the star excursion balance test (SEBT) and physical disability by Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire, (RMDQ). Measurements were taken at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention. This study demonstrated that both SMFR using a foam roller and MET are effective in enhancing hamstring muscle flexibility, (SRT—F(1, 38) = 299.5, p < 0.001; AKE-R—F(1, 38) = 99.53, p < 0.001; AKE-L—F(1, 38) = 89.67, p < 0.001). Additionally, these techniques significantly improved dynamic balance in various directions, including anterior (ANT), anteromedial (AMED), medial (MED), posteromedial (PMED), posterior (POST), posterolateral (PLAT), lateral (LAT), and anterolateral (ALAT) directions (p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in physical disability (RMDQ—F(1, 38) = 1307, p < 0.001), among two-wheeler riders suffering from chronic LBP. Compared to MET, SMFR using foam rollers was found to be more effective in enhancing hamstring flexibility, improving balance, and decreasing disability level on the RMDQ after 4 weeks.
Ebselen analogues delay disease onset and its course in fALS by on-target SOD-1 engagement
Authors: Watanabe Seiji , Amporndanai Kangsa , Awais Raheela , Latham Caroline , Awais Muhammad , O’Neill Paul M. , Yamanaka Koji , Hasnain S. Samar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) selectively affects motor neurons. SOD1 is the first causative gene to be identified for ALS and accounts for at least 20% of the familial (fALS) and up to 4% of sporadic (sALS) cases globally with some geographical variability. The destabilisation of the SOD1 dimer is a key driving force in fALS and sALS. Protein aggregation resulting from the destabilised SOD1 is arrested by the clinical drug ebselen and its analogues (MR6-8-2 and MR6-26-2) by redeeming the stability of the SOD1 dimer. The in vitro target engagement of these compounds is demonstrated using the bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay with protein–ligand binding directly visualised by co-crystallography in G93A SOD1. MR6-26-2 offers neuroprotection slowing disease onset of SOD1G93A mice by approximately 15 days. It also protected neuromuscular junction from muscle denervation in SOD1G93A mice clearly indicating functional improvement.
Global prototype distillation for heterogeneous federated learning
Authors: Wu Shu , Chen Jindou , Nie Xueli , Wang Yong , Zhou Xiancun , Lu Linlin , Peng Wei , Nie Yao , Menhaj Waseef 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFederated learning is a distributed machine learning paradigm where the goal is to collaboratively train a high quality global model while private training data remains local over distributed clients. However, heterogenous data distribution over clients is severely challenging for federated learning system, which severely damage the quality of model. In order to address this challenge, we propose global prototype distillation (FedGPD) for heterogenous federated learning to improve performance of global model. The intuition is to use global class prototypes as knowledge to instruct local training on client side. Eventually, local objectives will be consistent with the global optima so that FedGPD learns an improved global model. Experiments show that FedGPD outperforms previous state-of-art methods by 0.22% ~1.28% in terms of average accuracy on representative benchmark datasets.
Infertility risk assessment with ultrasound in congenital adrenal hyperplasia male patients
Authors: Wang Zhiqian , Wang Ronghui , Wang Xing , Zheng Sichang , Li Min , Yu Yifei , Liu Zhenhua , Sun Shouyue , Zhan Weiwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTesticular adrenal rest tumor (TART) is a prevalent complication associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), culminating in gonadal dysfunction and infertility. Early hormonal intervention is preventive, but excessive glucocorticoid poses risks. Developing reliable methods for early TART diagnosis and monitoring is crucial. The present study aims to formulate a scoring system to identify high-risk infertility through analysis of TART ultrasound features. Grayscale and power Doppler ultrasound were employed in this retrospective study to evaluate testicular lesions in male CAH patients. Lesion assessment encompassed parameters such as range, echogenicity, and blood flow, and these were subsequently correlated with semen parameters. Results of 49 semen analyzes from 35 patients demonstrated a notable inverse correlation between lesion scores and both sperm concentration (rs = − 0.83, P < 0.001) and progressive motility (rs = − 0.56, P < 0.001). The ROC curve areas for evaluating oligospermia and asthenozoospermia were calculated as 0.94 and 0.72, respectively. Establishing a lesion score threshold of 6 revealed a sensitivity of 75.00% and specificity of 93.94% for oligospermia and a sensitivity of 53.85% and specificity of 100.00% for asthenozoospermia. These findings underscore the potential utility of incorporating ultrasound into routine CAH patient management, facilitating timely interventions to preserve male fertility.
Morphological analysis of the distal femur as a surgical reference in biplane distal femoral osteotomy
Authors: Sano Shohei , Matsushita Takehiko , Nagata Naosuke , Tokura Takeo , Nukuto Koji , Nakanishi Yuta , Nishida Kyohei , Nagai Kanto , Kanzaki Noriyuki , Hoshino Yuichi , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDistal femoral osteotomy (DFO) is performed alone or with high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for patients with osteoarthritis and distal femur deformities. DFO is technically demanding, particularly when creating an anterior flange. Herein, we examined the morphological characteristics of the distal femur based on the cortical shape as a surgical reference for biplanar DFO. Computed tomography images of 50 valgus and 50 varus knees of patients who underwent biplanar DFO or total knee arthroplasty were analyzed. Axial slices at the initial level of the transverse osteotomy in the DFO and slices 10 mm proximal and 10 mm distal to that level were selected. The medial and lateral cortical angles and heights (MCLA, LCLA, MCH, and LCH) were measured on axial slices. Statistical comparisons were performed between the medial and lateral cortices and valgus and varus knees. MCLA and MCH were significantly smaller and lower, respectively, than LCLA and LCH (P < 0.01). The MCLA and MCH of varus knees were significantly smaller and lower, respectively, than those of valgus knees (P < 0.01). Surgeons should carefully observe morphological differences in the distal femur cortex, distinguishing between medial and lateral knees and varus and valgus knees during the creation of the anterior flange in the DFO.
Stabilization and correction of aberrated laser beams via plasma channelling
Authors: Rondepierre Alexandre , Zhidkov Alexei , Oumbarek Espinos Driss , Hosokai Tomonao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh-power laser applications, and especially laser wakefield acceleration, continue to draw attention through various research topics, and may bring many industrial applications based on compact accelerators, from ultrafast imaging to cancer therapy. However, one main step towards this is the arch issue of stability. Indeed, the interaction of a complex, aberrated laser beam with plasma involves a lot of physical phenomena and non-linear effects, such as self-focusing and filamentation. Different outcomes can be induced by small laser instabilities (i.e. laser wavefront), therefore harming any practical solution. One promising path to be explored is the use of a plasma channel to possibly guide and correct aberrated beams. Complex and costly experimental facilities are required to investigate such topics. However, one way to quickly and efficiently explore new solutions is numerical simulations, especially Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations if, and only if, one is confidently implementing such aberrated beams which, contrary to a Gaussian beam, do not have analytical solutions. In this research, we propose two new advancements: the correct implementation of aberrated laser beams inside a 3D PIC code, showing a great consistency, under vacuum, compared to the calculations with Fresnel theory); and the correction of their quality via the propagation inside a plasma channel. We demonstrate improvements in the beam pattern, becoming closer to a single plasma mode with less distortions, and thus suggesting a better stability for the targeted application. Through this confident calculation technique for distorted laser beams, we are now expecting to proceed with more accurate PIC simulations, closer to experimental conditions, and obtained results with plasma channels indicate promising future research.
Numerical investigation of the effect of air layer on drag reduction in channel flow over a superhydrophobic surface
Authors: Nguyen Hoai-Thanh , Lee Sang-Wook , Ryu Jaiyoung , Kim Minjae , Yoon Jaemoon , Chang Kyoungsik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of an air layer on drag reduction and turbulence dynamics in channel flow over a superhydrophobic surface (SHS). Employing the OpenFOAM platform, direct numerical simulation was conducted to investigate turbulent channel flow with an air layer over an SHS. The simulations, which take into account the interaction between water and air, analyze various parameters such as velocity distribution, drag reduction (DR), Reynolds stress, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and coherent structures near the water–air interface. The presence of an air layer significantly alters the velocity distribution, leading to higher velocities at the interface compared to simulations without the air layer. Notably, the thickness of the air layer emerges as an important factor, with larger thicknesses resulting in increased velocities and drag reduction. This study underscores the substantial impact of the air layer on TKE near the superhydrophobic surface, emphasizing its role in understanding and optimizing drag reduction. Furthermore, the nonlinear relationship between slip velocity, Q contours, and coherent structures near the SHS are investigated.
Multifaceted mitochondria in innate immunity
Authors: Marques Eloïse , Kramer Robbin , Ryan Dylan G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe ability of mitochondria to transform the energy we obtain from food into cell phosphorylation potential has long been appreciated. However, recent decades have seen an evolution in our understanding of mitochondria, highlighting their significance as key signal-transducing organelles with essential roles in immunity that extend beyond their bioenergetic function. Importantly, mitochondria retain bacterial motifs as a remnant of their endosymbiotic origin that are recognised by innate immune cells to trigger inflammation and participate in anti-microbial defence. This review aims to explore how mitochondrial physiology, spanning from oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) to signalling of mitochondrial nucleic acids, metabolites, and lipids, influences the effector functions of phagocytes. These myriad effector functions include macrophage polarisation, efferocytosis, anti-bactericidal activity, antigen presentation, immune signalling, and cytokine regulation. Strict regulation of these processes is critical for organismal homeostasis that when disrupted may cause injury or contribute to disease. Thus, the expanding body of literature, which continues to highlight the central role of mitochondria in the innate immune system, may provide insights for the development of the next generation of therapies for inflammatory diseases.
Superconducting single-photon detector integrated in DBR with optical microconnector for MM or SM fiber
Authors: Shibalov M V , Asharchuk I M , Epifanov E O , Trofimov I V , Mumlyakov A M , Minaev N V , Anufriev Y V , Tarkhov M A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the development of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) integrated into a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) with a design center wavelength of 830 nm and a bandwidth of 200 nm. This SNSPD is made of a superconducting niobium nitride (NbN) thin film that is produced using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition. The DBR is made of 15 alternating layers of silicon nitride and silicon oxide that are produced through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The reflection efficiency of the mirror is 90% at a wavelength of 830 nm. For sufficient optical coupling, an optical micro-connector optimized for multimode or single-mode optical fibers with a diameter of 128 μm was formed using two-photon polymerization techniques. The niobium nitride film was deposited onto the DBR surface in-situ in two separate reactors connected by a vacuum transfer. The in-situ technique of deposition of a superconducting niobium nitride film and a DBR has allowed achieving a system detection efficiency of 90% at a wavelength of 830 nm and a dark count rate of 10 s−1 at a temperature of 2.5 K. Additionally, the detector jitter was 50 ps.
Temperature-dependent indirect gaps for two-dimensional bismuth oxychalcogenides probed by spectroscopic ellipsometry
Authors: Liu Hsiang-Lin , Chen Hsiao-Wen , Tuan Hung Nguyen , Chen Yi-Cheng , Liu Heng-Jui , Chen Chieh-Ting , Chueh Yu-Lun , Chu Ying-Hao , Saito Riichiro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In-plane optical properties of two-dimensional bismuth oxychalcogenides Bi2O2X (X = S, Se, and Te) are reported for a wide spectral range of 0.73–6.42 eV and at temperatures of 4.5–500 K by spectroscopic ellipsometry. At room temperature, Bi2O2S, Bi2O2Se, and Bi2O2Te exhibit an indirect band gap of 1.18 ± 0.02, 0.95 ± 0.01, and 0.60 ± 0.01 eV, respectively. As the temperature decreases, the indirect absorption edge of Bi2O2S undergoes a blueshift, while the indirect band gap of Bi2O2Se shows a redshift, and Bi2O2Te remains independent of temperature. The chalcogenide-dependent behavior as a function of temperature may be relevant to electron–phonon interactions in Bi2O2X materials. The observed pseudo-isotropic complex dielectric function and optical absorption coefficient by spectroscopic ellipsometry are directly compared with the first-principles calculations with a hybrid functional approach.
Indigenous Rights and the Legacies of the Bible
Authors: Brett Mark G 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA Christian imagination of colonial discovery permeated the early modern world, but legal histories developed in very different ways depending on the imperial jurisdictions. This volume explores the contradictions and ironies that emerged in the interactions between biblical warrants and colonial theories of Indigenous “natural” rights. The early debates in the Americas mutated in the British colonies with a range of different outcomes after the American Revolution, and tracking the history of biblical interpretation provides an illuminating pathway through these historical complexities. A ground-breaking legal judgement in the High Court of Australia, Mabo v. Queensland (1992), demonstrates the enduring legacies of debates concerning Indigenous rights over the previous five centuries. Among other peculiarities, the case reveals that the Australian colonies represent the only jurisdiction of the English common law tradition within which no treaties were made with the First Nations. Instead, there is a peculiar development of terra nullius ideology, which can be traced back to the historic influences of the book of Genesis in Puritan thought in the seventeenth century. Bearing in mind the differences between ancient and modern notions of indigeneity, a fresh understanding of this history is timely as settler colonial states reflect on the implications of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007). The discussion is particularly relevant for the four states who initially voted against the Declaration: the USA, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia.
Polities in Place
Authors: Brett Mark G 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe chapter examines the ancestral traditions in Genesis and Exodus in light of archaeological studies. I show how the biblical othering of the “prior” inhabitants of Canaan arose not from the historical origins of Israel but from a series of imperial incursions into Israel and Judah. The chapter traces the expansion and contraction of the Levantine political identities over the centuries in response to the tides of ancient empires. An historical overview of this kind enables fresh reflections on the tensions between indigenous and exoganous (insider and outsider) motifs in the Hebrew Bible itself—long before the modern discourses of indigeneity or natural rights were invented. The chapter in no way seeks to deny that modern settler colonialism has been underpinned by biblical imagination in various ways, but shows that the ancient literature of Israel and Judah was shaped by entirely different cultural assumptions.