bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A71: Perceived stress management skills and quality of life in ethnic minority men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer
Authors: Bustillo Natalie E. , Rasheed Mikal , Benedict Catherine , Zhou Eric , Kava Bruce , Soloway Mark , Antoni Michael , Szapocznik Jose , Penedo Frank J. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Ethnic group differences exist in the diagnosis and treatment outcomes of prostate cancer (PC). African American men have the highest PC incidence, are more likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage, and are twice as likely to die of PC than are Non-Hispanic White men. Previous research has shown ethnic minority men report poorer general and health-related quality of life (QOL) prior to initiating PC-related treatment. However, little is known about psychosocial factors associated with pre-treatment levels of QOL. This study examined the relationship between perceived stress management skills (PSMS) and QOL in men recently diagnosed with PC who had not initiated treatment. Sixty-two men completed a baseline assessment prior to initiating PC-related treatment. Participants’ mean age was 61.77 (SD= 6.39) and had been diagnosed within the past 3 months. All were ethnic minorities (53% Hispanic and 47% African American/Black). Measures included the Measure of Current Status, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy, and the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite to assess PSMS, general QOL, and disease-specific QOL, respectively. Several hierarchical regression models were tested to examine whether PSMS were positively related to QOL at baseline, controlling for relevant covariates (e.g., age and ethnicity). Results indicated that PSMS associated with better general and disease specific QOL and accounted for a significant amount of the variance (i.e., 14 to 20%) in several functioning and QOL domains (i.e., urinary functioning [R1,58)= 4.55, p&lt;.04, β=.261], urinary incontinence [F(1,58)= 8.95, p&lt;.01, β=.367], social/family well-being [R1,58)= 10.20, p&lt;.01, β=.394], functional well-being [R1,58)= 8.08, p&lt;.01, β=.355], and total well-being [F(1,58)= 13.75, p&lt;.01, β=.447]. Results suggest that among ethnic minorities, greater perceived ability to manage stress at diagnosis is associated with several indices of QOL. Future studies should investigate the extent to which PSMS may impact adjustment and recovery following treatment and whether psychosocial interventions targeting such skills are effective in improving QOL in this population.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A71.
Abstract A77: Gastric cancer risk in relation to capsaicin intake, H. pylori CagA status, and IL1B-31 C&gt;T genotypes
Authors: Lopez-Carrillo Lizbeth , Camargo Constanza , Cebrian Mariano E. , Schneider Barbara G. , Sicinschi Liviu A. , Hernandez-Ramirez Raul U. , Correa Pelayo 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: In contrast to the situation in most countries, gastric cancer (GC) incidence is not declining in Mexico. Capsaicin (Cap) is the pungent active substance of chili peppers and it is related to an increased risk of GC in studies performed in Mexico, Spain, Serbia, Korea and India. Host genetic characteristics and variations in dietary patterns are considered concomitant risk factors for GC development. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is considered a necessary but not sufficient cause of GC, as less than 3 % of infected patients develop this tumor. Increased risk for GC has been observed among Mexican C allele carriers of the pro-inflammatory interleukin 1B position-31 (IL1B-31) infected with more virulent H. pylori CagA = strains, we explored if that risk varies according to the consumption of Cap, since chili pepper consumption is highly prevalent among Mexicans.
Methods: A total of 158 histologically confirmed GC patients and 317 clinical controls from three states with contrasting GC mortality rates in Mexico were included in this report. Cap intake was estimated by a previously validated food frequency questionnaire. H. pylori CagA status was assessed by an ELISA test, and genotypes of the IL1 B-31 were determined byTaqMan assays and Pyrosequencing in DNA samples isolated from serum.
Results: Using unconditional adjusted logistic regression models, a significant 3.5-fold increased GC risk was observed among individuals with moderate to high Cap consumption, who were IL1B-31 C allele carriers and were H. pylori CagA positive, with a significant interaction term between Cap consumption and IL1B-31 genotypes (p=0.039): Odds Ratio (OR) among TC vs.TT carriers: 3.48; 95%CI: 1.01-12.0, and OR among CC vs. TT carriers: 3.37; 95%CI: 1.05-10.85; in contrast, no significant negative associations with GC were estimated when any of these three factors was absent.
Conclusions. This is the first epidemiological report considering a potential interaction amongst dietary, infectious and genetic factors on GC risk and suggests that moderate to high Cap intake synergistically increases the risk of GC in genetically susceptible individuals (IL1 B-31 C allele carriers) infected with more virulent H. pylori (CagA positive) strains. The significant interaction between Cap consumption and genotypes of the IL1 B-31 suggests that a reduction of Cap intake under 30 mg/day among susceptible carriers with high consumption of Cap would reduce GC risk. Underlying mechanisms that explain these results, warrant attention and may include an up-regulation of H. pylori CagA expression in response to high capsaicin consumption.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A77.
Abstract A86: Sociodemographic correlates of cancer survivors in the United States
Authors: Clarke Tainya C. , Lee David J. , Fleming Lora E. , Arheart Kristopher L. , Caban-Martinez Alberto J. , Ocasio Manuel , Antoni Michael H. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Introduction: Approximately 40% of the more than 1 million Americans diagnosed with cancer each year are working-age adults, likewise more than 11 million people in the U.S. are cancer survivors. Given almost 50% of cancer survivors are under 65 years of age, a large proportion of them return to work after treatment or even maintain regular work schedules during their cancer treatment. We described the socio-demographic characteristics and risky health behaviors of U.S. adults diagnosed with cancer by the five most commonly diagnosed cancer types.
Methods: Data pooled from the 1997-2009 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) on adults 18 years of age and older with self-reported physician diagnosed cancer (n=27,906) were analyzed. Estimates on self-reported socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, race, ethnicity, education, employment status, and job type) general health status, and negative health behaviors (risky alcohol drinking [men who consume ≥ 2 drinks and women who consume ≥1 drink per day] and cigarette use [current, former, never]) were stratified by specific-cancer type (non-melanoma skin cancer, lung cancer, colorectal, prostate, and breast) and employment status.
Results: Thirty-three percent of adults diagnosed with cancer work post-diagnosis. Among employed cancer survivors, 69.3% were employed in white collar jobs while 14.7% were in service jobs. This distribution differed among employed persons without a cancer diagnosis, with 58.5% employed in white collar jobs and 23.4% in service jobs. Among employed persons with cancer, 65.9% were 35-54 years old, while 15.6% were greater than 55 years. Breast and non-melanoma skin cancer rates were highest among those who returned to work. The percentage of cancer workers reporting fair-poor health was greater than workers without cancer. Lastly, workers with cancer reported lower risky drinking (7.8%) and cigarette use (4.7%) compared to workers without cancer (14.5% and 11.4%, respectively).
Conclusion: A large occupational health disparity exists among persons returning to work following a cancer diagnosis. Among all worker types, we found service workers were less likely (as compared to white collar workers) to be currently employed suggesting the need for integrating vocational rehabilitation programs and treatments services tailored to their workplace organization. In addition, the changing gender distribution in the U.S. workforce reflects our study findings that twice as many females as males continued to work following cancer diagnosis. The new U.S. healthcare reform bill that supports workplace health promotion programs may assist employers in developing the aforementioned reintegration programs and thwart the burgeoning occupational health disparities among working cancer survivors.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A86.
Abstract A93: Investigating reasons for ethnic disparities in breast cancer survival in New Zealand
Authors: McKenzie Fiona , Ellison-Loschmann Lis , Jeffreys Mona 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: In New Zealand the burden of breast cancer is not shared equally among ethnic groups. Although incidence is similar for indigenous Maori women and Pacific women compared with non-Maori/non-Pacific women, Maori and Pacific women are more likely to die from breast cancer. This suggests much of the breast cancer mortality disparities are due to inequalities in survival rather than incidence. We investigated the role that demographic and tumor factors play in explaining ethnic disparities in breast cancer survival.
Methods: Breast cancer cases notified to the New Zealand Cancer Registry (NZCR) from April 2005 to April 2007 were followed up to April 2009. Maori, Pacific and non-Maori/non-Pacific women were categorized according to ethnicity on the NZCR. Deprivation was analyzed as quintiles of the New Zealand area-based index of socioeconomic position. Relative survival rates were estimated using ethnic-specific life tables. Missing values were imputed and excess mortality modeling was used to estimate the contribution of demographic and tumor factors to ethnic inequalities in survival.
Results: There were 2,968 breast cancer cases (76.5% non-Maori/non-Pacific, 17% Maori, and 6.5% Pacific) included and 433 recorded deaths. Relative survival rates at 4 years were 91.45% (CI 89.68 to 92.93) for non-Maori/non-Pacific, 86.15 (CI 80.33 to 90.36) for Maori, and 79.56% (CI 68.17 to 87.24) for Pacific women. Using non-Maori/non-Pacific as the reference group, the age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) dropped for Maori from 1.76 (CI 1.22 to 2.48) to 1.43 (CI 0.97 to 2.10) when further adjusted by deprivation. For Pacific the HR dropped from 2.49 (CI 1.57 to 3.94) to 1.94 (CI 1.20 to 3.13). Inequalities persisted after adjustment for subtype variables (ER/PR/HER2), but adjusting for access to care variables (stage/size) eliminated the ethnic inequalities in excess mortality.
Conclusion: Ethnic disparities in breast cancer survival in New Zealand can be attributed to differential access to health care rather than differences in breast cancer subtypes.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A93.
Abstract B114: Comparative effectiveness research on colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Chyke Doubeni A. , Zauber Ann G. , Fletcher Robert H. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Screening is an established strategy for reducing death from colorectal cancer. The availability of multiple guidelines-recommended for colorectal cancer increases the complexity of screening decision-making for patients, clinicians and policy makers. This is compounded by differences in the strength of the evidence supporting the use of currently available tests in actual clinical practice. Therefore, colorectal cancer screening represents an important focus for comparative effectiveness research: the available tests also vary in cost, complexity and risk of complications.
Another unique situation with colorectal cancer screening is the increasing use of colonoscopy for screening, the effectiveness of which has been recently called into question, while tests with proven efficacy such as sigmoidoscopy and fecal-based tests are now less frequently used. This presentation will discuss colorectal cancer comparative effectiveness research from the context of an NCI-funded project. The specific aim of that project is to estimate the effectiveness of screening colonoscopy in reducing death from colorectal cancer among average risk adults when compared to no screening. Of particular interest is to determine if colonoscopy is effective in reducing death from right-sided colon cancers and to examine the impact of quality of colonoscopy on its effectiveness.
The presentation will discuss the following concerning colorectal cancer screening comparative effectiveness research: 1) the disconnect between health care policies, clinical practice and scientific evidence; 2) the methodological challenges of studying the comparative effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening tests; and 3) review the design of the funded observational study.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B114.
Abstract B116: Comparison of African American (AA) and Caucasian patients with respect to radiotherapy (RT) delivery in National Surgical Adjuvant Breast & Bowel Project (NSABP) breast cancer treatment trials
Authors: Thomas Charles R. , Glover Khaleelah Z. , Wilson John W. , Feingold Eleanor , Constantino John P. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose/Objective(s): Outcomes in racial disparities among cancer patients (pts) is established. The specific aim of this study was to determine if RT delivery differed by race as measured by total dose, duration of RT, and dose-intensity (DI), in a major cooperative group dataset.
Methods and Materials: 9,646 Caucasian (C) pts & 1,040 African-American (AA) pts were enrolled in NSABP breast cancer protocols: B15, B16, B18, B22, B23, B25, & B28. Adjuvant AC was given in all protocols. Within the total cohort, 3,504 C pts & 377 AA pts received RT. Statistical methodology: Logistic regression was used as the method of analysis. The dependent, or outcome, variables were binary (Y/N): total dose at least 5,000 Gy, RT duration &lt; 35 days, & DI at least 142.86 (= 50 Gy/35 days). The primary predictor variable was race (AA vs C). Potential confounder variables considered were race, age, no. of positive nodes (0,1-3,4-9,10+), completion of 4 cycles of AC (Y/N), pathologic tumor size, & protocol. Association between race & outcome was initially assessed without adjustment. Next, logistic regression models were constructed in a forward stepwise fashion, considering the above potential confounder variables in turn, using α = 0.05 for entry & removal. For all 3 outcomes, the only potential confounder variable that reached significance in the stepwise analysis was protocol. Finally, race & race-by-protocol interaction were added to the models & assessed for statistical significance.
Results: Most pts completed the recommended dose [n=331 AA (87.7%); 3,182 C (90.8%)] within the recommended number of days (&lt; 35) per protocol [327 AA (86.7%), 3,096 C (88.3%)] & received the appropriate Dl [296 AA (78.5%), 2,860 C (81.6%)]. Race was not a significant univariate predictor for total dose (p=0.06, 0R=0.73; 95% Cl=0.52−1.01) & did not reach significance after adjustment for protocol (p=0.07, 0R=0.73, Cl=0.52−1.02). Race was not a predictor for completion of RT within 35 days (p=0.35, 0R=0.86, Cl=0.63 −1.18) & remained non-significant after adjustment for protocol (p=0.51, 0R=0.90, Cl=0.66–1.23). As a univariate predictor of RT Dl, race was not significant (p=0.16, 0R=0.83, Cl=0.64–1.08). After adjustment for protocol, race remained non-significant (p=0.25, 0R=0.86, Cl=0.66–1.12). The interaction between race & protocol was non-significant for all outcomes.
Conclusions: Randomized trials guide evidence-based approaches for breast cancer treatment. This study did not find evidence of racial disparity in the delivery of RT in NSABP breast cancer trials examined.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B116.
Abstract B17: Providing access and reducing barriers to mammography use in an underserved area
Authors: Drake Bettina F. , Tannan Shivon , Anwuri Victoria , Colditz Graham 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose: A federally-qualified health care center (FQHC) and a university in St. Louis, MO have partnered to increase access and reduce barriers to mammography in an underserved area. The purpose of this study is 1. to assess the barriers to mammography use in this underserved population; 2. the proportion of women in this population who are uninsured and do not quality for governmental assistance; 3. the previous lack of compliance to mammography among the women currently being navigated.
Background: Even though black women have higher rates of utilizing mammography services than that of white women in Missouri, black women's mortality rate is much higher in comparison to other groups and it is steadily increasing. This data reflects the importance of continuing to encourage routine mammography use among minority and underserved women in accordance with screening recommendations. The female patient population of the target clinic is 87.0% black and has a disproportionate number of women who were due or overdue for a mammogram (87.7%).
Methods: The FQHC, Betty Jean Kerr People's Health Centers, has instituted a mammography screening program in one of its clinics that previously did not provide mammography services. The university, through the Program for the Elimination of Cancer Disparities, provides training in patient navigation as well as financial assistance for uninsured participants who do not qualify for governmental co-payment assistance. The patient navigator assists women, age 40 and over in determining their eligibility for financial assistance, scheduling appointments, as well as any follow-up services. If the participant is uninsured and does not qualify for co-payment assistance, a study voucher is provided. All navigated women are surveyed on barriers to mammography use as well as the date of their last mammogram. Results: To date, 309 women have been navigated through the clinic. 65% report cost as a barrier. 72% of the navigated women are uninsured. Among those uninsured, 13% also do not qualify for state co-pay assistance. Of the women currently navigated, 60% were non-compliant for a mammogram, having a mammogram over 1 year previously. Among these women, 53%, 21%, and 25% of women were non-compliant for 1, 2 and 3 or more years respectively.
Conclusions: There is a need for increased access to mammography in underserved areas. Even when access is achieved, financial barriers remain. FQHCs can subsidize these services, however even co-payments can be financial barriers for some uninsured women and there is a proportion of uninsured women who do not qualify for governmental assistance for co-payment.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B17.
Abstract B2: Educational intervention to reduce breast cancer disparities: The Dallas Cancer Disparities Community Research Coalition
Authors: Cardarelli Kathryn M. , Haley Sheila , Linnear Kim , Jackson Rachael , Martin Marcus , Lopez Roy , Senteio Charles , Weaver Preston , Hill Anna , Banda Jesse , Epperson-Brown Marva , Morrison Janet , Parrish Deborah , Newton Johnrice , Royster Marcene , Lafayette Camille , Harris Phyllis , Vishwanatha Jamboor K. , Johnson Eric S. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose: South Dallas experiences significant disparities in breast cancer mortality, with a high proportion of stage III and IV diagnoses. In an effort to address these rates, the Dallas Cancer Disparities Community Research Coalition created an educational intervention in 2009 to promote breast health and early detection efforts. The goals of the intervention were to increase: (1) knowledge regarding the chief contributing factors for breast cancer and steps to reduce breast cancer risk; (2) awareness of the importance of screening for early detection; and (3) the proportion of women who have engaged in appropriate breast cancer screening practices. The innovation of the project lies in the community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, which brings together scientists and community representatives.
Methods: This study was approved by the UNT Health Science Center IRB. Women residing in South Dallas were recruited for the intervention, and West Dallas was chosen as the control group. In addition to residence in one of these two communities, eligibility criteria included age 40 and older, English-speaking, and no personal history of cancer. Participants were recruited through community partnerships, posting flyers throughout the community in high-traffic areas, and door-to-door visits in the targeted areas. Participants in the control group received only written breast health educational materials. Intervention participants attended 8 weekly sessions that included written educational materials, cooking demonstrations and discussions with clinicians from the Dallas/Fort Worth area. All study participants completed a one-hour survey at baseline and 4 months later to assess the outcome variables as well as a variety of possible intervening variables.
Results: A total of 59 women were enrolled in the intervention and 60 in the control group. Retention for the 8-week intervention was 71 %. After controlling for baseline mammography status, women in the intervention group were 10.4 times more likely (95% CI: 2.9-36.4) to report having had a screening mammogram in the last year compared to the control group. Intervention participants demonstrated statistically significantly higher rates of breast self examination (OR: 3.0,95% CI: 1.0-8.6) and breast cancer knowledge (p=.003). Conclusion: Lessons learned from this study can be used to create sustainable cancer disparity reduction models that can be replicated in similar communities across the United States.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B2.
Abstract B24: When promotores and advanced technology meet: A qualitative analysis of promotores’ use of advanced technologies to increase colorectal cancer screening among South Texas Latinos
Authors: Sarah Arvey R. , Fernandez Maria E. , Bartholomew L. Kay 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Advanced multimedia technologies can be used to tailor health messages, but promotores (lay health workers for Spanish speakers) rarely use these tools. Health messages intended to increase colorectal cancer screening among medically underserved Latinos in South Texas were delivered by promotores using a “usual practice” modality (flipchart and video) or a tailored, interactive modality via a computer. Using ethnographic methods, we observed promotor training and promotor delivery of the intervention, and conducted semi-structured, open-ended interviews with five promotores to assess the differences between the two technological modalities, and benefits and challenges of each. Findings reveal crosscutting benefits of the two modalities relating to cultural fit, as well as differing ways the two modalities acted as an aid or a burden to promotor/participant communication. This study makes significant contribution to the understudied area of combining the effective health promotion strategy of lay health workers with advanced multimedia technologies to increase cancer screening among Latinos.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B24.