bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center experience
Authors: Rocha Flavio G. , Matsuo Kenichi , Blumgart Leslie H. , Jarnagin William R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground/purposeHilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) is a rare cancer with a low resectability rate, frequent recurrence after resection and an overall poor outcome. It is widely accepted that en bloc partial hepatectomy is a necessary part of the surgical therapy, but controversy surrounds other areas, including extent of lymphadenectomy and preoperative use of biliary drainage of the future liver remnant (FLR). This study analyzes the authors’ experience with HCCA, emphasizing outcome after resection in a more recent cohort.MethodsAll patients with HCCA evaluated at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) since 1991 were included in the initial analysis. Outcome after resection was specifically assessed in patients submitted to operation between January 2001 and September 2008. Patient demographics, preoperative evaluation, resection type, margin status, lymph node status, complications, morbidity and survival were examined. Preoperative disease staging was performed in all patients according to the Blumgart classification. Separate analyses were conducted to assess the impact of preoperative biliary drainage on the FLR and the optimal lymph node harvest. Outcomes for resected patients were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and log rank tests.ResultsThree hundred and fifty‐two patients with HCCA were evaluated since 1991, of which 118 were seen between 2001 and 2008. During this latter period, 105 (89%) patients underwent exploration, and of the 60 patients that underwent resection with curative intent, 48 (80%) had R0 resections. There were 3 perioperative deaths (5%), and 22 (28%) patients had complications. Patients with an R0 resection had the highest disease‐specific survival followed by those with R1 resection when compared to unresected patients. The median follow‐up period was 18 months. Classification by the Blumgart preoperative staging system predicted resectability and the likelihood of R0 resection. The benefit of pre‐operative biliary drainage of the FLR appeared to be limited to patients with a predicted FLR volume of <30%. In patients with node‐negative tumors, survival was greater in those with more than 7 lymph nodes harvested.ConclusionsR0 resection including hepatectomy with negative lymph nodes is feasible in the majority of patients with resectable HCCA. This strategy is associated with a prolonged disease‐specific survival.
Cocoa Butter and Safflower Oil Elicit Different Effects on Hepatic Gene Expression and Lipid Metabolism in Rats
Authors: Gustavsson Carolina , Parini Paolo , Ostojic Jovanca , Cheung Louisa , Hu Jin , Zadjali Fahad , Tahir Faheem , Brismar Kerstin , Norstedt Gunnar , Tollet‐Egnell Petra 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of cocoa butter and safflower oil on hepatic transcript profiles, lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy rats. Cocoa butter‐based high‐fat feeding for 3 days did not affect plasma total triglyceride (TG) levels or TG‐rich VLDL particles or hepatic insulin sensitivity, but changes in hepatic gene expression were induced that might lead to increased lipid synthesis, lipotoxicity, inflammation and insulin resistance if maintained. Safflower oil increased hepatic β‐oxidation, was beneficial in terms of circulating TG‐rich VLDL particles, but led to reduced hepatic insulin sensitivity. The effects of safflower oil on hepatic gene expression were partly overlapping with those exerted by cocoa butter, but fewer transcripts from anabolic pathways were altered. Increased hepatic cholesterol levels and increased expression of hepatic CYP7A1 and ABCG5 mRNA, important gene products in bile acid production and cholesterol excretion, were specific effects elicited by safflower oil only. Common effects on gene expression included increased levels of p8, DIG‐1 IGFBP‐1 and FGF21, and reduced levels of SCD‐1 and SCD‐2. This indicates that a lipid‐induced program for hepatic lipid disposal and cell survival was induced by 3 days of high‐fat feeding, independent on the lipid source. Based on the results, we speculate that hepatic TG infiltration leads to reduced expression of SCD‐1, which might mediate either neutral, beneficial or unfavorable effects on hepatic metabolism upon high‐fat feeding, depending on which fatty acids were provided by the diet.
A successful conception by a shift from human menopausal gonadotropin therapy to therapy with recombinant human follicular‐stimulating hormone for the treatment of male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Koyama Kohei , Masuda Hiroshi , Inamoto Teruo , Segawa Naoki , Azuma Haruhito , Katsuoka Yoji 
Published: October 2009

AbstractStimulatory therapy with gonadotropins effectively induces spermatogenesis and increases the chances of successful reproduction. However, the optimal treatment modality and schedule, and required duration of treatment have not been determined. A 27‐year‐old man presented with erectile and ejaculatory disorder. Endocrinological examinations revealed isolated luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) deficiency of the hypothalamus, resulting in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. No causative abnormality was detected in imaging studies. Having a diagnosis of adult‐onset hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, the patient received pulsatile subcutaneous human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG). Hypogonadism did not improve with hCG/hMG combination therapy. He was successfully treated with the replacement therapy from hMG into recombinant human follicular‐stimulating hormone (rhFSH) for induction of spermatogenesis, along with pregnancy in the female partner.
Structural equations modeling: Fit Indices, sample size, and advanced topics
Authors: Iacobucci Dawn 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article is the second of two parts intended to serve as a primer for structural equations models for the behavioral researcher. The first article introduced the basics: the measurement model, the structural model, and the combined, full structural equations model. In this second article, advanced issues are addressed, including fit indices and sample size, moderators, longitudinal data, mediation, and so forth.
A UNIFIED EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS THEOREM FOR STOCHASTIC EVOLUTION EQUATIONS
Authors: JENTZEN A. , KLOEDEN P. E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn existence and uniqueness theorem for mild solutions of stochastic evolution equations is presented and proved. The diffusion coefficient is handled in a unified way which allows a unified theorem to be formulated for different cases, in particular, of multiplicative space–time white noise and trace-class noise.
SYLOW p-PSEUDOPRIMES TO SEVERAL BASES FOR SEVERAL PRIMES p
Authors: ZHANG ZHENXIANG , XIE RUIRUI 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBrowkin [‘Some new kinds of pseudoprimes’, Math. Comp. 73 (2004), 1031–1037] gave examples of strong pseudoprimes to many bases which are not Sylow p-pseudoprimes to two bases only, where p=2 or 3. In contrast to Browkin’s examples, Zhang [‘Notes on some new kinds of pseudoprimes’, Math. Comp. 75 (2006), 451–460] gave facts and examples which are unfavorable for Browkin’s observation on detecting compositeness of odd composite numbers. In particular, Zhang gave a Sylowp-pseudoprime (with 27 decimal digits) to the first 6 prime bases for all the first 6 primes p, and conjectured that for any k≥1, there would exist Sylow p-pseudoprimes to the first k prime bases for all the first k primes p. In this paper we tabulate 27 Sylow p-pseudoprimes less than 1036 to the first 7 prime bases for all the first 7 primes p (two of which are Sylow p-pseudoprimes to the first 7 prime bases for all the first 8 primes p). We describe the procedure for finding these numbers. The main tools used in our method are the cubic residue characters and the Chinese remainder theorem.
FOCK FACTORIZATION OF B-VALUED ANALYTIC MAPPINGS ON A HILBERT INDUCTIVE LIMIT
Authors: WANG CAISHI , ZHOU YULAN , FENG DECHENG , HAN QI 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLet 𝒩* be a Hilbert inductive limit and X a Banach space. In this paper, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for an analytic mapping Ψ:𝒩*↦X to have a factorization of the form Ψ=T∘ℰ, where ℰ is the exponential mapping on 𝒩* and T:Γ(𝒩*)↦X is a continuous linear operator, where Γ(𝒩*) denotes the Boson Fock space over 𝒩*. To prove this result, we establish some kernel theorems for multilinear mappings defined on multifold Cartesian products of a Hilbert space and valued in a Banach space, which are of interest in their own right. We also apply the above factorization result to white noise theory and get a characterization theorem for white noise testing functionals.
A carbon-isotope perturbation at the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary: evidence from the Lias Group, NE England
Authors: LITTLER KATE , HESSELBO STEPHEN P. , JENKYNS HUGH C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA perturbation in the carbon-isotope record at the time of the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary (~ 184 Ma) in the Early Jurassic is reported, based on new data from Yorkshire, England. Two sharp δ13Corgnegative excursions, each with a magnitude of ~ −2.5 ‰ and reaching minimum values of −28.5 ‰, are recorded in the bulk organic-matter record in sediments of latest Pliensbachian to earliest Toarcian age. A similar pattern of negative carbon-isotope excursions has been observed at the stage boundary in the SW European section at Peniche, Portugal in δ13Ccarbonate, δ13Cwoodand δ13Cbrachiopodrecords. The isotopic excursion is of interest when considering the genesis and development of the later Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE), as well as the second-order global extinction event that spans the stage boundary. Furthermore, the isotope excursion potentially provides a chemostratigraphic marker for recognition of the stage boundary, which is currently achieved on the basis of different ammonite faunas in the NW European and Tethyan realms.
Equal Rights and Equal Duties? Activating Labour Market Policy and the Participation of Long-term Unemployed People with Disabilities after the Reform of the German Welfare State
Authors: RAUCH ANGELA , DORNETTE JOHANNA 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe recent German welfare state reform with the introduction of Social Code II has created a complex situation for the labour market integration of long-term unemployed people with disabilities. A range of social laws with differing underlying principles is now applicable. In this article, we examine the effects that the implementation of this social code has on long-term unemployed people with disabilities. We show that their integration patterns changed. This is due to the building of new institutions responsible for labour market integration, followed by a temporary destabilisation of work routines at the operational level. Additionally, more persistent consequences occur because the inconsistencies of the relevant laws are creating an area of conflict, which is increasing the risk of marginalising people with disabilities in terms of labour market integration.
Talking Across Cultures in Early Intervention: Finding Common Ground to Meet Children's Communication Needs
Authors: Peña Elizabeth D. , Fiestas Christine 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In this paper, we explore cultural values and expectations that might vary among different groups. Using the collectivist-individualist framework, we discuss differences in beliefs about the caregiver role in teaching and interacting with young children. Differences in these beliefs can lead to dissatisfaction with services on the part of caregivers and with frustration in service delivery on the part of service providers. We propose that variation in caregiver and service provider perspectives arise from cultural values, some of which are instilled through our own training as speech-language pathologists. Understanding where these differences in cultural orientation originate can help to bridge these differences. These can lead to positive adaptations in the ways that speech-language pathology services are provided within an early intervention setting that will contribute to effective intervention.
Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy for Bloodstream Infection Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: No Better than a Coin Toss
Authors: Herzke Carrie A. , Chen Luke F. , Anderson Deverick J. , Choi Yong , Sexton Daniel J. , Kaye Keith S. 
Published: October 2009

Background.Despite the high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in the hospital, the proportion of patients with MRSA bacteremia who receive appropriate empirical therapy remains suboptimal.Objective.To investigate the proportion of patients with MRSA bloodstream infection (BSI) who received appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy and to identify risk factors associated with receipt of appropriate empirical therapy.Methods.We studied a cohort of patients from 10 hospitals. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who received appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for MRSA BSI. Appropriate therapy was defined as receipt of daptomycin, linezolid, quinupristin-dalfopristin, or vancomycin within 1 calendar day after the first blood culture result positive for S. aureus (ie, before antimicrobial susceptibilities were known). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine variables associated with receipt of appropriate empirical therapy.Results.The study included 562 patients with MRSA BSI. The mean (± standard deviation) age of the patients was 64 ± 16 years, and 288 (51.2%) were male. Only 291 (51.8%) patients received appropriate empirical therapy. Patients were more likely to receive appropriate therapy if they required hemodialysis (odds ratio [OR], 1.36 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.00–1.85]), had undergone knee or hip arthroplasty (OR, 3.04 [95% CI, 1.21–7.6]), had a central venous catheter at admission (OR, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.01–2.93]), or had a McCabe score of 1 at admission (OR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.16–2.83]). Bowel incontinence (OR, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.19–0.92]) and BSIs categorized as primary (OR, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.27–0.63]) were associated with a decreased likelihood of receiving appropriate empirical therapy.Conclusions.Only half of patients with MRSA BSI received appropriate empirical therapy. Factors associated with receiving appropriate empirical antibiotics included the presence of a central venous catheter at admission and a history of joint arthroplasty. Surprisingly, prior MRSA infection was not predictive of receipt of appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
Use of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Clinical Modification Codes and Medication Use Data to Identify Nosocomial Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Schmiedeskamp Mia , Harpe Spencer , Polk Ronald , Oinonen Michael , Pakyz Amy 
Published: October 2009

Objective.The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is used for surveillance of CDI. However, the ICD-9-CM code alone cannot separate nosocomial cases from cases acquired outside the institution. The purpose of this study was to determine whether combining the ICD-9-CM code with medication treatment data for CDI in hospitalized patients could enable us to distinguish between patients with nosocomial CDI and patients who were admitted with CDI. The primary objective was to compare the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of using the combination of ICD-9-CM code for CDI and CDI treatment records to identify cases of nosocomial CDI with the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of using the ICD-9-CM code alone.Design.Validation sample cross-sectional study.Setting.Academic health center.Methods.Administrative claims data from July 1, 2004, to June 30, 2005, were queried to identify adults discharged with an ICD-9-CM code for CDI and to find documentation of CDI therapy with oral vancomycin or metronidazole. Laboratory and medical records were queried to identify symptomatic CDI toxin-positive adult patients with nosocomial CDI and were compared with records of patients whose cases were predicted to be nosocomial by means of ICD-9-CM code and CDI therapy data.Results.Of 23,920 adult patients discharged from the hospital, 62 had nosocomial CDI according to symptoms and toxin assay. The sensitivity of the ICD-9-CM code alone for identifying nosocomial CDI was 96.8%, the specificity was 99.6%, the positive predictive value was 40.8%, and the negative predictive value was 100%. When CDI drug therapy was included with the ICD-9-CM code, the sensitivity ranged from 58.1% to 85.5%, specificity was virtually unchanged, and the range in positive predictive value was 37.9%–80.0%.Conclusion.Combining the ICD-9-CM code for CDI with drug therapy information increased the positive predictive value for nosocomial CDI but decreased the sensitivity.
Developing a Risk Stratification Model for Surgical Site Infection after Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Olsen Margaret A. , Higham-Kessler James , Yokoe Deborah S. , Butler Anne M. , Vostok Johanna , Stevenson Kurt B. , Khan Yosef , Fraser Victoria J. ,   Prevention Epicenter Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Published: October 2009

Objective.The incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) after hysterectomy ranges widely from 2% to 21%. A specific risk stratification index could help to predict more accurately the risk of incisional SSI following abdominal hysterectomy and would help determine the reasons for the wide range of reported SSI rates in individual studies. To increase our understanding of the risk factors needed to build a specific risk stratification index, we performed a retrospective multihospital analysis of risk factors for SSI after abdominal hysterectomy.Methods.Retrospective case-control study of 545 abdominal and 275 vaginal hysterectomies from July 1, 2003, to June 30, 2005, at 4 institutions. SSIs were defined by using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance criteria. Independent risk factors for abdominal hysterectomy were identified by using logistic regression.Results.There were 13 deep incisional, 53 superficial incisional, and 18 organ-space SSIs after abdominal hysterectomy and 14 organ-space SSIs after vaginal hysterectomy. Because risk factors for organ-space SSI were different according to univariate analysis, we focused further analyses on incisional SSI after abdominal hysterectomy. The maximum serum glucose level within 5 days after operation was highest in patients with deep incisional SSI, lower in patients with superficial incisional SSI, and lowest in uninfected patients (median, 189, 156, and 141 mg/dL, respectively; P = .005). Independent risk factors for incisional SSI included blood transfusion (odds ratio [OR], 2.4) and morbid obesity (body mass index [BMI], >35; OR, 5.7). Duration of operation greater than the 75th percentile (OR, 1.7), obesity (BMI, 30–35; OR, 3.0), and lack of private health insurance (OR, 1.7) were marginally associated with increased odds of SSI.Conclusions.Incisional SSI after abdominal hysterectomy was associated with increased BMI and blood transfusion. Longer duration of operation and lack of private health insurance were marginally associated with SSI.
Statistical inference for exploratory data analysis and model diagnostics
Authors: Buja Andreas , Cook Dianne , Hofmann Heike , Lawrence Michael , Lee Eun-Kyung , Swayne Deborah F. , Wickham Hadley 
Published: October 2009

We propose to furnish visual statistical methods with an inferential framework and protocol, modelled on confirmatory statistical testing. In this framework, plots take on the role of test statistics, and human cognition the role of statistical tests. Statistical significance of ‘discoveries’ is measured by having the human viewer compare the plot of the real dataset with collections of plots of simulated datasets. A simple but rigorous protocol that provides inferential validity is modelled after the ‘lineup’ popular from criminal legal procedures. Another protocol modelled after the ‘Rorschach’ inkblot test, well known from (pop-)psychology, will help analysts acclimatize to random variability before being exposed to the plot of the real data. The proposed protocols will be useful for exploratory data analysis, with reference datasets simulated by using a null assumption that structure is absent. The framework is also useful for model diagnostics in which case reference datasets are simulated from the model in question. This latter point follows up on previous proposals. Adopting the protocols will mean an adjustment in working procedures for data analysts, adding more rigour, and teachers might find that incorporating these protocols into the curriculum improves their students’ statistical thinking.
Feature selection by higher criticism thresholding achieves the optimal phase diagram
Authors: Donoho David , Jin Jiashun 
Published: October 2009

We consider two-class linear classification in a high-dimensional, small-sample-size setting. Only a small fraction of the features are useful, these being unknown to us, and each useful feature contributes weakly to the classification decision. This was called the rare/weak (RW) model in our previous study (Donoho, D. & Jin, J. 2008Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA105, 14 790–14 795). We select features by thresholding featureZ-scores. The threshold is set byhigher criticism(HC). For 1≤i≤N, let πidenote thep-value associated with theithZ-score and π(i)denote theith order statistic of the collection ofp-values. The HC threshold (HCT) is the order statistic of theZ-score corresponding to indeximaximizing. The ideal threshold optimizes the classification error. In that previous study, we showed that HCT was numerically close to the ideal threshold.We formalize an asymptotic framework for studying the RW model, considering a sequence of problems with increasingly many features and relatively fewer observations. We show that, along this sequence, the limiting performance of ideal HCT is essentially just as good as the limiting performance of ideal thresholding. Our results describe two-dimensionalphase space, a two-dimensional diagram with coordinates quantifying ‘rare’ and ‘weak’ in the RW model. The phase space can be partitioned into two regions—one where ideal threshold classification is successful, and one where the features are so weak and so rare that it must fail. Surprisingly, the regions where ideal HCT succeeds and fails make exactly the same partition of the phase diagram. Other threshold methods, such as false (feature) discovery rate (FDR) threshold selection, are successful in a substantially smaller region of the phase space than either HCT or ideal thresholding. The FDR and local FDR of the ideal and HC threshold selectors have surprising phase diagrams, which are also described. Results showing the asymptotic equivalence of HCT with ideal HCT can be found in a forthcoming paper (Donoho, D. & Jin, J. In preparation).