bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Percutaneous and Open Surgical Techniques for Peritoneal Catheter Placement
Authors: Medani Samar , Shantier Mohamed , Hussein Wael , Wall Catherine , Mellotte George 
Published: May 2012

♦Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the preferred available option of renal replacement therapy for a significant number of end-stage kidney disease patients. A major limiting factor to the successful continuation of PD is the long-term viability of the PD catheter (PDC). Bedside percutaneous placement of the PDC is not commonly practiced despite published data encouraging use of this technique. Its advantages include faster recovery and avoidance of general anesthesia. ♦ Methods We carried out a retrospective analysis of the outcomes of 313 PDC insertions at our center, comparing all percutaneous PDC insertions between July 1998 and April 2010 (group P, n = 151) with all surgical PDC insertions between January 2003 and April 2010 (group S, n = 162). ♦ Results Compared with group P patients, significantly more group S patients had undergone previous abdominal surgery or PDC insertion (41.8% vs 9.3% and 33.3% vs 3.3% respectively, p = 0.00). More exit-site leaks occurred in group P than in group S (20.5% vs 6.8%, p = 0.002). The overall incidence of peritonitis was higher in group S than in group P (1 episode in 19 catheter–months vs 1 episode in 26 catheter–months, p = 0.017), but the groups showed no significant difference in the peritonitis rate within 1 month of catheter insertion (5% in group P vs 7.4% in group S, p = 0.4) or in poor initial drainage or secondary drainage failure (9.9% vs 11.7%, p = 0.1, and 7.9% vs 12.3%, p = 0.38, for groups P and S respectively). Technical survival at 3 months was significantly better for group P than for group S (86.6% vs 77%, p = 0.037); at 12 months, it was 77.7% and 68.7% respectively ( p = 0.126). No life-threatening complications attributable to the insertion of the PDC occurred in either group. ♦ Conclusions Our analysis demonstrates further encouraging outcomes of percutaneous PDC placement compared with open surgical placement. However, the members of the percutaneous insertion group were primarily a selected subset of patients without prior abdominal surgery or PDC insertion, therefore limiting the comparability of the groups. Studies addressing such confounding factors are required. Local expertise in catheter placement techniques may affect the generalizability of results.
Peritoneal Dialysis in Childhood Acute Kidney Injury: Experience in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ademola Adebowale Dele , Asinobi Adanze Onyenonachi , Ogunkunle Oluwatoyin Olufunmilayo , Yusuf Bamidele Nurudeen , Ojo Olalekan Ezekiel 
Published: May 2012

Background The choices for renal replacement therapy (RRT) in childhood acute kidney injury (AKI) are limited in low-resource settings. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) appears to be the most practical modality for RRT in young children with AKI in such settings. Data from sub-Saharan Africa on the use of PD in childhood AKI are few. Methods We performed a retrospective study of children who underwent PD for AKI at a tertiary-care hospital in southwest Nigeria from February 2004 to March 2011 (85 months). Results The study included 27 children (55.6% female). Mean age was 3.1 ± 2.6 years, with the youngest being 7 days, and the oldest, 9 years. The causes of AKI were intravascular hemolysis ( n = 11), septicemia ( n = 8), acute glomerulonephritis ( n = 3), gastroenteritis ( n = 3), and hemolytic uremic syndrome ( n = 2). Peritoneal dialysis was performed manually using percutaneous or adapted catheters. Duration of PD ranged from 6 hours to 12 days (mean: 5.0 ± 3.3 days). The main complications were peritonitis ( n = 10), pericatheter leakage ( n = 9), and catheter outflow obstruction ( n = 5). Of the 27 patients, 19 (70%) survived till discharge. Conclusions In low-resource settings, PD can be successfully performed for the management of childhood AKI. In our hospital, the use of adapted catheters may have contributed to the high complication rates. Peritoneal dialysis should be promoted for the management of childhood AKI in low-resource settings, and access to percutaneous or Tenckhoff catheters, dialysis fluid, and automated PD should be increased.
Rapid Implementation of Inpatient Electronic Physician Documentation at an Academic Hospital
Authors: Bernstein J.A. , McKenzie R.B. , King B.J. , Longhurst C.A. , Hahn J.S. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryElectronic physician documentation is an essential element of a complete electronic medical record (EMR). At Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, a teaching hospital affiliated with Stanford University, we implemented an inpatient electronic documentation system for physicians over a 12-month period. Using an EMR-based free-text editor coupled with automated import of system data elements, we were able to achieve voluntary, widespread adoption of the electronic documentation process. When given the choice between electronic versus dictated report creation, the vast majority of users preferred the electronic method. In addition to increasing the legibility and accessibility of clinical notes, we also decreased the volume of dictated notes and scanning of handwritten notes, which provides the opportunity for cost savings to the institution.
Artifacts, Pitfalls and Normal Variants
Authors: Rocha Frederico , Zalud Ivica 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Image artifacts are encountered daily in clinical ultrasonography and may be a source of confusion for the interpreting sonologist. The understanding of the mechanisms behind their production allows recognition of artifacts and avoids misinterpretations and incorrect diagnoses. Some artifacts may be avoidable and arise secondary to improper scanning technique. Other artifacts are generated by the physical limitations of the modality.
Recognition of artifacts in everyday work is of great significance for final diagnosis, since their erroneous interpretation not only compromises the value of ultrasound finding, but may also lead to an inadequate therapeutic approach.
The objective of this article is to describe and illustrate many of the ultrasound artifacts commonly encountered in obstetrical and gynecological ultrasound including Doppler and 3D imaging artifacts.

How to cite this article
Zalud I, Rocha F. Artifacts, Pitfalls and Normal Variants. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(1):1-8.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Postnatal Follow-up of Patients with Persistent Right Umbilical Vein
Authors: Leal Daniel Beovide , Maggiolini Magela , Bianchi Ana 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
Through a prospective study the incidence and neonatal results of patients with persistent right umbilical vein are evaluated.

Materials and methods
During the period between August 2009 and February 2011, 3,576 low-risk obstetric sonographies were performed by the same technician at four different centers of prenatal diagnosis. Persistent right umbilical vein was diagnosed during a customary ultrasound examination, in the abdominal transverse section used to measure abdominal perimeter. Patients were asked to bring their children several months after delivery for a clinical and sonographic evaluation.

Results
Persistent right umbilical vein was found in nine fetuses. In one case, it was associated with single umbilical artery. All fetuses had good growth and development. In some children, the postnatal sonography showed the gallbladder toward the left of falciform ligament.

Conclusion
The incidence of persistent right umbilical vein in this population was of 1:397. We did not find any association with severe malformations as mentioned in the first articles related to this topic. There was only one case with single umbilical artery. All newborns developed normally. The question is raised why, being this anomaly so frequent and obvious, it is not more often diagnosed. Gallbladder position in respect to falciform ligament is a finding to assess.

How to cite this article
Leal DB, Maggiolini M, Bianchi A. Prenatal Diagnosis and Postnatal Follow-up of Patients with Persistent Right Umbilical Vein. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(1):104-108.
4D Sonography in Assessment of Fetal Neurobehavior
Authors: Tanaka Hirokazu , Sato Miki 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
‘Observation of fetal behavior reflects the functioning of the central nervous system, and behavioral assessment of the fetus enables the function of the brain to be examined’.1 The introduction of four-dimensional (4D) sonography techniques would facilitate fetal behavioral assessment in three dimensions in real time during pregnancy. We describe the latest 4D sonographic studies on fetal neurobehavior in all three trimesters of pregnancy. 4D sonography also facilitated the evaluation of interhuman contact and intrapair stimulation in twin pregnancies in utero. This novel technique may assist in the evaluation of fetal neurobehavior and intertwin contact and intrapair stimulation and offer potential advantages relative to conventional two-dimensional sonography. 4D sonography may become an important modality in future research on fetal neurobehavioral development and the prenatal identification of severely brain-damaged infants.

How to cite this article
Hata T, Sato M, Kanenishi K, Hanaoka U, Tanaka H. 4D Sonography in Assessment of Fetal Neurobehavior. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(2):121-131.
Ultrasound Assessment of Fetal Neurobehavior in High-risk Pregnancies
Authors: Lebit Daniela , Constantinescu Simona 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Assessment of the fetal behavior in normal and high-risk pregnancy during second and third trimesters.

Materials and methods
The study group included 61 healthy pregnant women and 135 pregnant women with high-risk pregnancy between 24 and 38 weeks of gestation for a period of 3 years (January 2009-May 2011). After 4D ultrasound examination we applied antenatal neurological score KANET 1. Score is considered normal between 14 and 20, borderline between 6 and 13 and abnormal between 0 and 5.

Results
The Kurjak antenatal neurological test (KANET) scores have significant differences, when applied on the two groups of pregnant women. Most fetuses who obtained normal KANET score were found in normal pregnancies, those who obtained borderline score were fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with increased resistance index (RI) of middle cerebral artery (ACM) and the most fetuses with abnormal KANET score came from pregnancies complicated by threatened preterm delivery with PPROM.

Conclusion
Dynamic evaluation of fetal behavior reflects directly the processes of maturation and development of the central nervous system. This can make the difference between normal and abnormal brain development and may be used for early diagnosis of neurological disorders that become manifest in perinatal and postnatal periods.

How to cite this article
Vladareanu R, Lebit D, Constantinescu S. Ultrasound Assessment of Fetal Neurobehavior in High-risk Pregnancies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(2):132-147.
Prenatal Beginnings of Temperament Formation–Myth or Reality? Case Study of a Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Honemeyer Ulrich 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Observation of the fetus in vivo by four-dimensional ultrasound provided abundant material for experimental studies of early neurobehavioral development. Consequently, a new scoring system for fetal neurobehavior, KANET, was created as a standardized, practical and reproducible method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of characteristics of fetal movement patterns. The eight parameters of KANET not only allow a differentiated comparison of fetal behavioral states but also enable prenatal diagnosis of abnormal neurological development. The knowledge that individual temperament is expressed by movement patterns is not new. To find answers to the question when temperament formation might begin, we applied KANET simultaneously at different gestational ages to both fetuses of a dichorionic twin pregnancy, and compared the results with temperament evaluation of both neonates 8 weeks postpartum.

How to cite this article
Honemeyer U, Kurjak A. Prenatal Beginnings of Temperament Formation–Myth or Reality? Case Study of a Twin Pregnancy. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(2):148-153.
4D Sonographic Assessment of Intertwin Contacts
Authors: Andonotopo Wiku , Serra Bernat , Fournier Sofia , Baulies Sonia 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
To assess the onset and frequency of first interfetal contacts by 4D sonography.

Subjects and methods
Twenty twin pregnancies were scanned transvaginally between 56 (8 weeks) and 69 postmenstrual days (9+6 weeks) and onward transabdominally, at weekly intervals until 112 postmenstrual days (16 weeks). Scans were recorded on DVD and analyzed retrospectively. The moment of onset, type and frequency of intertwin contacts were assessed.

Results
First interhuman contacts were observed between 61 (8+5 weeks) and 68 (9+5 weeks) postmenstrual days. The frequency of different movements varied according to the gestational age. ‘Touch no reaction’ and ‘First reaction’ were common and frequent from 70 postmenstrual days (10 weeks) onward. ‘Slow body movements’ were more common than ‘Fast body movements’. ‘Complex contacts’ were more frequent at 94 postmenstrual days (13+3 weeks). Simple contacts diminished around 100 postmenstrual days (14+2 weeks). ‘Complex contacts’ and ‘diffuse interactions’ were more commonly observed between 105 (15 weeks) and 112 postmenstrual days (16 weeks). No significant differences were found when different gender combinations were compared.

Conclusion
Intertwin contacts start as soon as 8+5 weeks of gestation and complex or diffuse interactions are already seen at 15 to 16 weeks of gestation.

How to cite this article
Prats P, Serra B, Fournier S, Baulies S, Andonotopo W, Kurjak A. 4D Sonographic Assessment of Intertwin Contacts. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(2):154-159.
Comparative Evaluation of Guided Tissue Regeneration with use of Collagen-based Barrier Freeze-Dried Dura Mater Allograft for Mandibular Class 2 Furcation Defects (A Comparative Controlled Clinical Study)
Authors: Agarwal Arvind , Ruparelia Brijesh , Patel Sandeep , Kubavat Ajay 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of periodontal surgery is complete regeneration. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare clinically soft tissue changes in form of probing pocket depth, gingival shrinkage, attachment level and hard tissue changes in form of horizontal and vertical bone level using resorbable membranes.

Materials and methods
Twelve subjects with bilateral class 2 furcation defects were selected. After initial phase one treatment, open debridement was performed in control site while freezedried dura mater allograft was used in experimental site. Soft and hard tissue parameters were registered intrasurgically. Nine months reentry ensured better understanding and evaluation of the final outcome of the study.

Results
Guided tissue regeneration is a predictable treatment modality for class 2 furcation defect. There was statistically significant reduction in pocket depth as compared to control (p < 0.01). There is statistically significant increase in periodontal attachment level within control and experimental sites showed better results (p < 0.01). For hard tissue parameter, significant defect fill resulted in experimental group, while in control group, less significant defect fill was found in horizontal direction and nonsignificant defect fill was found in vertical direction.

Conclusion
The results showed statistically significant improvement in soft and hard tissue parameters and less gingival shrinkage in experimental sites compared to control site.

Clinical significance
The use of FDDMA in furcation defects helps us to achieve predictable results. This cross-linked collagen membrane has better handling properties and ease of procurement as well as economic viability making it a logical material to be used in regenerative surgeries.

How to cite this article
Patel S, Kubavat A, Ruparelia B, Agarwal A, Panda A. Comparative Evaluation of Guided Tissue Regeneration with use of Collagen-based Barrier Freeze-Dried Dura Mater Allograft for Mandibular Class 2 Furcation Defects (A Comparative Controlled Clinical Study). J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):11-15.
Effect of Smear Layer on the Apical Seal of Endodontically Treated Teeth: An ex vivo Study
Authors: Nischith KG , Srikumar GPV , Razvi Shuaib , Chandra R Vinay 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of smear layer on apical seal of endodontically treated teeth.

Materials and methods
Sixty freshly extracted human maxillary central incisor teeth were selected and were randomly divided into two experimental groups. Group A of 25 teeth and group B of 25 teeth and a control group of 10 teeth. Cleaning and shaping of the root canals were performed using endodontic K-files up to no. 50 size file in step-back technique. During the process, in root canals of group A, 17% EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) followed by 3% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite) was used as root canal irrigant.
In group B, MTAD (mixture tetracycline citric acid and detergent) was used as a root canal irrigant.
In control group, saline was used as root canal irrigant. The root surfaces were then coated with nail polish of both experimental groups and control group. The samples were then immersed in India ink dye for 1 week at 37°C.

Results
The statistical analysis of the results showed that the apical leakage was significantly more in teeth, where smear layer was not removed.

Conclusion
The removal of smear layer improves the longterm apical seal and success of endodontically treated teeth.

Clinical significance
The development and maintenance of apical seal is desirable and considered to be a major prerequisite to improve the outcome of root canal treatment.

How to cite this article
Nischith KG, Srikumar GPV, Razvi S, Chandra RV. Effect of Smear Layer on the Apical Seal of Endodontically Treated Teeth: An ex vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):23-26.
Reattachment of Fractured Anterior Teeth—Determining Fracture Strength using Different Techniques: An in vitro Study
Authors: Mathur Ena , LNU Srilatha , Joshi Sonal , Chhasatia Neha , Rani PJ 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of teeth reattached with sixth generation dentin bonding agent: Xeno III and microhybrid resin composite: Esthet-X, using three different techniques: (1) Simple reattachment, (2) overcontour and (3) internal dentinal groove.

Methodology
A total of 70 human maxillary central incisors were selected and divided into four groups as follows. Group I: Control group comprised of 10 samples. Group II: Simple reattachment, group III: Overcontour and group IV: Internal dentinal groove. Groups II, III and IV comprised of 20 samples each. The teeth in three study groups were sectioned using a diamond disk and the fragment was reattached with Esthet-X and Xeno III using three different techniques. Specimens were stored in tap water for 24 hours and shear bond strength was determined using universal testing machine using a knifeedge chisel (0.5 mm in cross-section) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute.

Results
The results of this study showed following mean value of fracture strength in Kgf: Group I: Control—27.71; group II: Simple reattachment—9.78; group III: Overcontour—24.41; group IV: Internal dentinal groove—23.83.

Conclusion
The overcontour technique had the highest strength recovery while the simple reattachment had the lowest.

Clinical significance
The overcontour technique provided strength recovery almost similar to intact teeth emphasizing that tooth preparation influenced fracture resistance.

How to cite this article
Srilatha, Joshi S, Chhasatia N, Rani PJ, Mathur E. Reattachment of Fractured Anterior Teeth— Determining Fracture Strength using Different Techniques: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13(1):61-65.
Effect of Different Impression Techniques on the Dimensional Accuracy of Impressions using Various Elastomeric Impression Materials: An in vitro Study
Authors: Singh Kishan , Sahoo Sukant , Prasad KD , Goel Meenu , Singh Anupam 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Production of exemplary crowns and fixed partial dentures depends upon the usage of impression material and its technique of usage that accurately reproduces prepared teeth and their relationship to the adjacent oral structure.

Aim
To evaluate the linear dimensional accuracy of the elastomeric impressions using various impression techniques using different combinations of viscosities of impression materials.

Materials and methods
Crown preparation was done in a dentulous acrylic resin denture base model with six natural teeth embedded into it was made to represent the dentulous maxillary arch. A total of 55 impressions were obtained and poured in die stone using various impression techniques with different combinations of viscosities of impression materials.

Results
Among the six techniques used, the heavy body light body two-step technique using custom tray showed the least distortion which was closely followed by the putty wash two-step technique with 2 mm spacer using stock tray.

Conclusion
The study revealed that the heavy body light body two-step technique with custom tray provided the best results.

Clinical significance
Dimensional accuracy of impressions is very much required for precisely fitting of prosthesis. This study may be helpfull to select the technique and materials as per clinical requirement of accuracy of impressions.

How to cite this article
Singh K, Sahoo S, Prasad KD, Goel M, Singh A. Effect of Different Impression Techniques on the Dimensional Accuracy of Impressions using Various Elastomeric Impression Materials: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):98-106.