bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The high‐throughput yeast deletion fitness data and the theories of dominance
Authors: MANNA F. , GALLET R. , MARTIN G. , LENORMAND T. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe development of high‐throughput fitness measurement methods provides unprecedented power to test evolutionary theories. However, with this comes new challenges regarding data quality and data analysis. We illustrate this by reanalysing the fitness distribution in several environments of yeast mutants (homo‐ and heterozygous) from the yeast deletion project. Originally created to study functional properties of genes, evolutionary biologists took advantage of this database to study evolutionary questions, such as dominance for fitness of mutations. We uncover several problems in this data set strongly affecting these questions that have remained unnoticed despite the numerous studies based on it. High‐throughput methodologies are necessarily challenging, both experimentally and for data analysis: our point is not to criticize these approaches, but to pinpoint these challenges and to propose several improvements that may help avoid several shortcomings. Further, in the light of this finding, we question the conclusions regarding theories of dominance that have been made using this data set. We show that the data on deletion of small effects are not sufficiently reliable to be informative on this question. On the other hand, deletions of large effect exhibit no correlation between homo‐ and heterozygous fitness effects, a pattern that sheds new light on the h–s correlation issue, with several consequences for the debate over the different theories of dominance.
Genetic analysis of anthracnose resistance in ‘Pitanga’ dry bean cultivar
Authors: Gonçalves‐Vidigal Maria C. , Meirelles Ana C. , Poletine Juliana P. , De Sousa Lorenna L. , Cruz Anelise S. , Nunes Maria P. , Lacanallo Giselly F. , Vidigal Filho Pedro S. 
Published: March 2012

With 3 tablesAbstractAnthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is a major disease of dry bean and results great yield losses. The objective of this work was to characterize the anthracnose resistance gene present in the Andean cultivar ‘Pitanga’. This cultivar was crossed with the cultivars Michelite, Michigan Dark Red Kidney, Cornell 49‐242, Mexico 222, PI 207262, TU, AB 136, G 2333, BAT 93, SEL 1308, H1 line, Ouro Negro, Jalo Vermelho and Jalo Listras Pretas to obtain F1 and F2 populations. These populations were then inoculated with races 23, 64, 65, 73 and 2047 of C. lindemuthianum. The segregation ratio was 3 resistant : 1 susceptible, which shows that resistance inheritance is controlled by a single dominant gene. The results from allelism tests in fourteen F2 populations fit a 15 resistant : 1 susceptible ratio, which indicates that the resistance present in the ‘Pitanga’ cultivar is dominant and independent from genes and alleles already characterized: Co‐1, Co‐2, Co‐3, Co‐42, Co‐5, Co‐6, Co‐7, Co‐9, Co‐10, Co‐11, Co‐12 and Co‐13. The authors suggest the symbol Co‐14 to represent the gene present in the ‘Pitanga’ cultivar.
Comparison of responses to drought stress of 100 wheat accessions and landraces to identify opportunities for improving wheat drought resistance*
Authors: Dodig Dejan , Zorić Miroslav , Kandić Vesna , Perović Dragan , Šurlan‐Momirović Gordana 
Published: March 2012

With 5 figures and 5 tablesAbstractLandraces of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), collected from the Western Balkans, were considered as a potential genetic resource of drought resistance for wheat breeding. A group of 20 landraces with 80 wheat accessions of worldwide origin were tested in 4‐year field trials under two watering regimes: fully irrigated and under a rain‐out plot shelter. Fourteen agronomic traits were evaluated for their responses to drought stress, and four selection indices were calculated: mean productivity (MP), stress tolerance (TOL), stress susceptibility index (SSI) and stress tolerance index (STI). The average yield of landraces was significantly lower than that of accessions under both regimes, and there was no evidence that yield stability of landraces was better than that of accessions. However, TOL was better in landraces than in accessions, and several traits related to yield were shown to suffer less under water deficit (i.e. kernels per spike). Amongst landraces, relatively wide diversity (CV 10.2–18.9%) was found for most of the traits that can be exploited for improving drought tolerance of new varieties for the variable rainfed conditions of south‐eastern Europe.
Meiotic stability in two valuable interspecific hybrids ofBrachiaria(Poaceae)
Authors: Felismino Mariana F. , Pagliarini Maria S. , Do Valle Cacilda B. , Resende Rosângela. M. S. 
Published: March 2012

With 2 figures and 2 tablesAbstractIn an attempt to increase genetic variability in the genusBrachiaria, crosses were made between sexual tetraploidized accessions ofB. ruziziensisand apomictic tetraploid accessions ofB. brizantha(2n = 4x = 36). Among the F1progenies, two hybrids (Hb331, apomictic; and Hb336, sexual) displayed several agronomically desirable traits. These hybrids were evaluated for several years, and the apomictic one is now being tested under grazing to be released as a new cultivar, whereas the sexual one is in a reciprocal recurrent selection programme. The possibility of gene exchange through recombination of genitors and their meiotic behaviour was investigated. Both hybrids were evaluated for meiotic stability during three consecutive years. Analyses of meiocytes at diakinesis revealed multivalent chromosome associations among the parental genomes, indicating that their gene pools are interchangeable. Irregular chromosome segregation, chromosome stickiness and a putative meiotic mutation were recorded. The frequency of abnormalities varied among years and also between the hybrids. The sexual hybrid Hb336 had a more stable meiotic behaviour, but pollen fertility was higher in apomictic Hb331, ensuring more viable seed formation.
Cardiovascular and autonomic responses to sexual activity in the rabbit
Authors: McBryde Fiona D , Guild Sarah‐Jane , Malpas Simon C , Barrett Carolyn J 
Published: March 2012

Summary

Sexual intercourse is associated with an increased risk of death from arrhythmia development, myocardial infarction or stroke. It is unclear whether this increased risk is due to physical exertion alone or whether it is an inherent aspect of sexual activity itself.
Using a telemetric approach, we show that sexual activity is associated with transient (8–14 s) but profound increases in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA; up to 22‐fold that of baseline) in both male and female rabbits. This increase was significantly greater than that observed during physical exertion (three‐ to sixfold increase in RSNA).
In addition, we observed rapid transitions in male rabbits from tachycardia (422 ± 21 b.p.m.; P < 0.01) to bradycardia (186 ± 28 b.p.m.; P < 0.05) during and immediately following coitus. This suggests simultaneous activation of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
The present study provides the first real‐time insight into the extreme variation in neural and cardiovascular function occurring during sexual activity in normal healthy rabbits. Little is known about how the physiological responses to sexual activity may change under disease or drug‐treatment states, and these findings may prove of use to these areas in future.
Intraoperative lactate levels and postoperative complications of pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Alves Rodrigo Leal , Aragão e Silva André Luiz , Kraychete Nadja Cecília de Castro , Campos Guilherme Oliveira , Martins Marcelo de Jesus , Módolo Norma Sueli Pinheiro 
Published: March 2012

SummaryObjectives:  Correlate arterial lactate levels during the intraoperative period of children undergoing cardiac surgery and the occurrence of complications in the postoperative period.Aim:  Arterial lactate levels can indicate hypoperfusion states, serving as prognostic markers of morbidity and mortality in this population.Background:  Anesthesia for cardiac pediatric surgery is frequently performed on patients with serious abnormal physiological conditions. During the intraoperative period, there are significant variations of blood volume, body temperature, plasma composition, and tissue blood flow, as well as the activation of inflammation, with important pathophysiological consequences.Methods/Materials:  Chart data relating to the procedures and perioperative conditions of the patients were collected on a standardized form. Comparisons of arterial lactate values at the end of the intraoperative period of the patients that presented, or not, with postoperative complications and frequencies related to perioperative conditions were established by odds ratio and nonparametric univariate analysis.Results:  After surgeries without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), higher levels of arterial lactate upon ICU admission were observed in patients who had renal complications (2.96 vs 1.31 mm) and those who died (2.93 vs 1.40 mm). For surgeries with CPB, the same association was observed for cardiovascular (2.90 mm × 2.06 mm), renal (3.34 vs 2.33 mm), respiratory (2.98 vs 2.12 mm) and hematological complications (2.99 vs 1.95 mm), and death (3.38 vs 2.40 mm).Conclusion:  Elevated intraoperative arterial lactate levels are associated with a higher morbidity and mortality in low‐ and medium‐risk procedures, with or without CPB, in pediatric cardiac surgery.
Host phylogeny and specialisation in parasitoids
Authors: Desneux Nicolas , Blahnik Roger , Delebecque Camille J. , Heimpel George E. 
Published: March 2012

Ecology Letters(2012)15: 453–460AbstractThe host range of insect parasitoids and herbivores is influenced by both preference‐related traits which mediate host choice behaviour, and performance‐related traits which mediate the physiological suitability of the consumer‐resource interaction. In a previous study, we characterised the influence of preference‐ and performance‐related traits on the host range of the aphid parasitoidBinodoxys communis(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and herein we build upon those data sets by mapping a series of these traits onto the phylogeny of the (aphid) host species. We found a strong effect of host phylogeny on overall parasitoid reproduction on the 20 host species tested, but no effect of the phylogeny of host plants of the aphids. We found an effect of aphid phylogeny on host acceptance and sting rates (related to preference) from behavioural observations and for pupal survivorship (related to performance), showing that both classes of traits show phylogenetic conservatism with respect to host species.
Morphology and phylogeny of a new woodruffiid ciliate, Etoschophrya inornata sp. n. (Ciliophora, Colpodea, Platyophryida), with an account on evolution of platyophryids
Authors: Bourland William A. , Hampikian Greg , Vďačný Peter 
Published: March 2012

Bourland, W. A., Hampikian, G. & Vďačný, P. (2012). Morphology and phylogeny of a new woodruffiid ciliate, Etoschophrya inornata sp. n. (Ciliophora, Colpodea, Platyophryida), with an account on evolution of platyophryids. —Zoologica Scripta, 41, 400–416.We studied the morphology, morphometry, resting cysts and molecular phylogeny of a new woodruffiid ciliate, Etoschophrya inornata, from ephemeral puddles and two lacustrine habitats in Idaho, North‐west USA. Up to now, the genus Etoschophrya has included a single species, Etoschophrya oscillatoriophaga, from which our new form is distinguished by (i) the absence of interkinetal cortical granules and, consequently, the absence of extrusible red material in methyl green‐pyronin stains, (ii) usually ≥5 adoral membranelles vs. usually four, (iii) greater length and length/width ratio, (iv) prominent cortical furrows vs. inconspicuous and (v) adaptation to non‐saline semi‐terrestrial and lacustrine habitats in the Nearctic vs. highly saline alkaline Afrotropic soil habitats. Resting cysts have two distinct membranes and a thick hyaline mucous pericyst layer. However, only one membrane persists in older cysts. Like its congener, Etoschophrya inornata feeds exclusively on filamentous cyanobacteria. The 18S rRNA gene sequence places this species in a strongly supported clade with Kuklikophrya ougandae basal to the other platyophryids. We include a morphologic cladistic analysis of platyophryid ciliates and present a hypothetical scenario for the evolution of the platyophryid oral structures.
Impact of surgeon experience on complication rates and functional outcomes of 484 deceased donor renal transplants: a single‐centre retrospective study
Authors: Cash Hannes , Slowinski Torsten , Buechler Anette , Grimm Annaeva , Friedersdorff Frank , Schmidt Danilo , Miller Kurt , Giessing Markus , Fuller T. Florian 
Published: March 2012

Study Type – Therapy (outcomes)Level of Evidence 2cWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Although renal transplantation represents a well established surgical procedure, the learning curve for this procedure has not been studied so far. The published data on surgical complications do not discriminate between surgeons and their stage of expertise.The present study highlights the importance of a structurized programme in urological sub‐speciality training. Renal transplanation represents a standardized procedure with a low learning‐curve for uncompliciated cases. When comparing experienced urological transplant surgeons with inexperienced surgeons, the postoperative complications and functional outcome were similar. One exception is seen in ureteroneocystostomy, which should be considered in clinical practice.OBJECTIVE
To determine how postoperative and functional outcomes after deceased donor renal transplantation (DDRT) are related to surgeon experience.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The outcomes of 484 adult DDRT performed by 13 urological surgeons were retrospectively reviewed.
After completion of a staged renal transplant training programme under supervision of an attending urological transplant surgeon, the 13 surgeons were either assigned to the inexperienced group (n= 8) or the experienced group (n= 5).
Surgeons in the experienced group had performed more than 30 unsupervised DDRT in a standard fashion with routine ureteric stenting.
Between 1988 and 2005, inexperienced surgeons performed 152 DDRT, whereas experienced surgeons performed 332 DDRT.
RESULTS
Patient and graft survival at 2 hyears were 98% and 94.7%, respectively.
Early graft loss in five recipients was unrelated to surgeon experience.
Delayed graft function occurred in 29% of cases and median 1‐year serum‐creatinine was 1.48 mg/dL, with no difference between surgeon groups.
Postoperative bleeding and lymphocele formation were the most frequent surgical complications, with an equal distribution between groups.
Ureteric complications had a significantly higher incidence among inexperienced surgeons (6.6% versus 2.7%; P= 0.04).
CONCLUSION
We conclude that DDRT as performed by inexperienced urological renal transplant surgeons has both acceptable short‐ and long‐term outcomes.
The relationship between alcohol consumption, gambling behaviour and problem gambling during a single visit to a gambling venue
Authors: MARKHAM FRANCIS , YOUNG MARTIN , DORAN BRUCE 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Despite the well‐documented comorbidity between disordered alcohol use and problem gambling, little is known about the co‐occurrence of drinking and gambling in gambling venues. This paper appears to be the first to investigate the association between drinking and gambling behaviour among a large sample of gamblers during a specific, non‐laboratory gambling episode.Design and Methods. We conducted a mail survey of all available households in the Northern Territory of Australia, including questions on drinking and gambling behaviour on the last visit to a gambling venue. We estimate the effect of moderate (1–4 standard drinks) and risky (>4 standard drinks) alcohol consumption on gambling participation and gambling duration for both problem and non‐problem gamblers using regression analysis of 7044 survey responses.Results. The probability of participating in electronic gaming machine (EGM) gambling decreased with alcohol consumption for non‐problem gamblers, while the probability of participating in TAB (Totalisator Agency Board, off‐course totalisator) gambling increased with risky alcohol consumption for all gamblers. Alcohol consumption was not associated with EGM gambling participation for problem gamblers. Moderate alcohol consumption was negatively associated with EGM gambling duration, with a stronger effect observed for problem gamblers.Discussion and Conclusions. Moderate alcohol consumption is inversely correlated with both the duration of play and probability of participation for EGM gambling. Current laboratory studies do not predict the drinking–gambling behaviour of the general population in non‐laboratory settings. Future research on alcohol and gambling co‐occurrence must explicitly consider the drinking and gambling environment in order to produce policy‐relevant findings.[Markham F, Young M, Doran B. The relationship between alcohol consumption, gambling behaviour and problem gambling during a single visit to a gambling venue. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:770–777]
Nursing intuition: a valid form of knowledge
Authors: Green Catherine 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn understanding of the nature and development of nursing intuition can help nurse educators foster it in young nurses and give clinicians more confidence in this aspect of their knowledge, allowing them to respond with greater assurance to their intuitions. In this paper, accounts from philosophy and neurophysiology are used to argue that intuition, specifically nursing intuition, is a valid form of knowledge. The paper argues that nursing intuition, a kind of practical intuition, is composed of four distinct aspects that include: (1) embodied knowledge rather like that knowledge we have when we have learned to ride a bicycle; (2) well‐trained sensory perceptions attentive to subtle details of complex, often rapidly changing situations; (3) a significant store of pertinent conceptual knowledge; and (4) a history of habitual actions intentionally directed towards achieving the best outcomes for our patients. Contemporary neurophysiology research strongly suggests that human persons experience other persons such that they directly understand the meaning of a variety of different human actions, intentions, emotions, and sensations in immediate, non‐reflective, and non‐conceptual perceptions. This research is supported by the philosophical theories of Jacques Maritain and Yves R. Simon found in their accounts of practical knowledge. Together, these accounts offer us a rich view of the reality of nursing intuition that helps us understand why we find intuitive actions in some but not all nurses and gives us some specific information about how to develop intuition in young nurses. Finally, this research shows us a path for further research.
Why you don’t get published: an editor’s view
Authors: Bradbury Michael E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper uses content analysis to examine 66 reviews on 33 manuscripts submitted to Accounting and Finance. Selected extracts from reviews are provided to illustrate the issues considered important to reviewers. The main message is that papers need to be work‐shopped and more care taken over editorial matters. A checklist for prospective authors is provided.
BEYOND SUN, SAND, AND STITCHES: ASSIGNING RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE HARMS OF MEDICAL TOURISM
Authors: SNYDER JEREMY , CROOKS VALORIE , JOHNSTON RORY , KINGSBURY PAUL 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTMedical tourism (MT) can be conceptualized as the intentional pursuit of non‐emergency surgical interventions by patients outside their nation of residence. Despite increasing popular interest in MT, the ethical issues associated with the practice have thus far been under‐examined. MT has been associated with a range of both positive and negative effects for medical tourists' home and host countries, and for the medical tourists themselves. Absent from previous explorations of MT is a clear argument of how responsibility for the harms of this practice should be assigned. This paper addresses this gap by describing both backward looking liability and forward looking political responsibility for stakeholders in MT. We use a political responsibility model to develop a decision‐making process for individual medical tourists and conclude that more information on the effects of MT must be developed to help patients engage in ethical MT.
Theology and Interpretation: The Case of Aquinas and Calvin on Romans
Authors: RAITH II CHARLES 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article explores how Aquinas's and Calvin's theology of justification, the law and the nature of human works integrate with their interpretations of Romans by analyzing their commentaries on 1:16b–17, focusing on the iustitia Dei, and 2:13, which addresses the relationship between works and justification. Aquinas's interpretation unfolds by emphasizing the work of Christ in and through sinners, while Calvin's interpretation emphasizes the work of Christ for and to sinners. I also demonstrate how the theological judgements embedded in these sections inform their reading of Romans as a whole.
Increased CCL18 expression in patients with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: association with disease severity and prognosis
Authors: Miyagaki T. , Sugaya M. , Suga H. , Ohmatsu H. , Fujita H. , Asano Y. , Tada Y. , Kadono T. , Sato S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 18 is expressed by monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), and has potent chemotactic activity for T cells, B cells and DCs. CCL18 expression is up‐regulated in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis and bullous pemphigoid, suggesting its important roles in the development of these skin diseases.Objective  To investigate roles of CCL18 in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL).Methods  The CCL18 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in CTCL skin (n = 21) and in normal skin (n = 7) was examined by quantitative RT‐PCR. CCL18 expression was also examined by immunohistochemistry. Serum CCL18 levels were measured in 38 patients with CTCL and 20 healthy controls by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We also analysed correlation between serum CCL18 levels and other clinical and laboratory data.Results  The CTCL lesional skin contained higher levels of CCL18 mRNA than normal skin. CCL18 was expressed by dermal macrophages and DCs in CTCL skin. Serum CCL18 levels in patients with CTCL were significantly higher than those of healthy controls and correlated with types of skin lesions. They also significantly correlated with modified severity‐weighted assessment scores, serum sIL‐2R, LDH, IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐31, CCL17 and CCL26 levels. Patients with high serum levels of CCL18 showed significantly poor prognosis compared with those with low CCL18 levels.Conclusion  CCL18 mRNA is up‐regulated in CTCL lesional skin, and serum CCL18 levels are significantly increased and correlated with the severity of CTCL. These results suggest that CCL18 may be associated with the development of CTCL.