bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persepsi Stres Mahasiswa DIII Keperawatan Mengahadapi Praktik Klinik Kegawatdaruratan
Authors: Dewi Siyamti  , Maksum  
Published: April 2024

Perawat merupakan salah satu profesi yang dituntut untuk memiliki pengetahuan, letrampilan dan sikap yang professional dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat. Tuntutan tersebut berlaku sama bagi mahasiswa yang akan melakukan praktik klinik keperawatan di fasilitas kesehatan sebagai bagian dari proses pembelajaran untuk mengaplikasikan ilmu dan ketrampilan yang telah diperoleh di akademik. Perlunya penguasaan pengetahuan, ketrampilan dan adaptasi pada lingkungan baru menjadi pemicu stress bagi mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat stress yang dialami oleh mahasiswaDIII keperawatan yang akan melaksanakan praktik klinik kegawatdaruratan di rumah sakit. Desain penelitian ini deskriptif kuantitatif non eksperimen dengan metode cross sectional dan menggunakan total sampling. Sampel pada penelitian ini mahasiswa DIII keperawatan semester 6 sejumlah 20 orang. Pengumpulan data dengan pengisian kuesioner Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) yang terdiri 10 pertanyaan dan di kelompokkan menjadi skala ringan, sedang dan berat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden mengalami stress sedang 65%, ringan 20% dan berat 15%. Mahasiswa perawat yang melaksanakan praktik klinik kegawatdaruratan mengalami stress sedang secara mayoritas. Diharapkan identifikasi awal dan pengelolaan stress yang baik dapat dilakukan oleh pihak akademik untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran mahasiswa di klinik.
ﺍﻷﻧﺷﻁﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺭﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺣﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺎﺕ ﻣﺟﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﻧﻭﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ (۱۹٥۸­۱۹٤٥)
Authors: ﺩ.ﺻﺑﺭﻱ ﻓﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺩﻱ  
Published: April 2024

١ اﻟﺘﺒﺎدﻝ اﻟﺘﺠﺎري .
-٢ اﻟﺸرﻛﺎت اﻻﻤرﻴﻛﻴﺔ وﻨﻔط اﻟﻌ ارق واﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎر ﺜرواﺘﻪ اﻟﻤﻌدﻨﻴﺔ .
-٣ أﺜر اﻟﺘـدﺨﻝ اﻻﻤرﻴﻛـﻲ ﻓـﻲ اداء ﻤﻨظﻤـﺎت اﻻﻤـم اﻟﻤﺘﺤـدة اﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎدﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤـﻝ ﻤـﻊ

اﻟﻌ ارق .

­۱ ﺍﻟﺗﺑﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻱ :
أﻟﻘــت أﺤــداث اﻟﺤــرب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴــﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴــﺔ (١٩٤٥ - ١٩٣٩) واﻟﻨﺘــﺎﺌﺞ اﻟﻤؤﻟﻤــﺔ اﻟﺘــﻲ
ﺘﻤﺨﻀـت ﻋﻨﻬـﺎ وﻓـﻲ ﻤﺠـﺎﻻت اﻟﺤﻴـﺎة اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﺒظﻼﻟﻬـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺸـﻌوب اﻟﻌـﺎﻟم اﻟﺘـﻲ اﻛﺘـوت
ﺒﺂﺜﺎرﻫﺎ ٬ وأﺼﺎب اﻟﻌ ارق اﻟﻛﺜﻴر ﻤن اﻷﻀ ارر اﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎدﻴﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻟﺤﻘـت ﺒﺸـﻌﺒﻪ ﺠـ ارء اﺴـﺘﺨدام
أ ارﻀــﻴﻪ ﻤﻨطﻠﻘــﺎ ﻟﻘــوات اﻟﺤﻠﻔــﺎء (اﻟوﻻﻴــﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤــدة اﻷﻤرﻴﻛﻴــﺔ ٬ ﺒرﻴطﺎﻨﻴــﺎ ٬ ﻓرﻨﺴــﺎ) وﻗﺎﺴــﻰ
اﻟﻌ ارﻗﻴـون ﻓـﻲ ﺴـﻨوات اﻟﺤـرب اﻟﻌﺠـﺎف أﺼـﻨﺎف اﻟﻌـذاب وﺘﺤﻤﻠـوا اﻟﻛﺜﻴـر ﻤـن اﻟظﻠـم اﻟﻤﻘﻴـت
اﻟـذي ﺤـﻝ ﺒﻬـم
ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺣﻧﻳﻥ ﻣﻧﻔﺫﺍً ﻟﻠﺷﻌﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻣﻲ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﻋﺭ ﺍﻟﻛﺎﻅﻣﻲ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺩ. ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﻛﺭﻳﻡ ﺧﻠﻑ  
Published: April 2024

ﻟﻴس ﻤوﻀوع اﻟﻐرﺒﺔ وﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﻛﺴﻪ ﻤن إﻴﺤﺎءات وﻀﻐوط وﻫم ﻨﻔﺴﻲ ٬ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﻋر

اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ ﺒﺠدﻴد ٬ ﻓﺎﻟﻐرﺒﺔ واﻟﺤﻨﻴن اﻟﻤ اردف ﻟﻬﺎ واﻛب ﻤﺴﻴرة اﻟﺸﻌر اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ ﻤﻨذ أﻗدم ﻋﺼورﻩ ٬

ﻟﻛن اﻟﺠدﻴد ﻓﻲ رؤﻴﺘﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻐرﺒﺔ أن ﺘﻛون وازﻋﺎً ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎً وﺒّﻴﻨﺎً ﻟﻤوﻀوع ﺸﻌري آﺨر ﻛﺎن ﺤﻀورﻩ
ﺒداﻴﺎت اﻟﻘرن اﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﺤﻀو اًر ﻓﺎﻋﻼً ﻟﻠظروف اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌروﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻤر ﺒﻬﺎ اﻟوطن

اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ وﻫو ﻴرزح ﺘﺤت ﻨﻴر أﻨواع ﻤن اﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎر اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻨﻪ واﻟﻐرﺒﻲ ٬ أﻻ وﻫو ﻤوﻀوع

اﻟﺸﻌري اﻟﻘوﻤﻲ واﻟوطﻨﻲ.
Computational Dualism and Objective Superintelligence
Authors: Bennett Michael Timothy 
Published: April 2024

The concept of intelligent software is flawed. The behaviour of software
depends upon the hardware that interprets it. This undermines claims
regarding the behaviour of theorised, software superintelligence. Here
we characterise this problem as “computational dualism”, where
instead of mental and physical substance, we have software and hardware.
We argue that to make objective claims regarding performance we must
avoid computational dualism. We propose using an alternative based upon
pancomputationalism, wherein every aspect of the environment is a
relation between irreducible states. We formalise systems as behaviour
(inputs and outputs), and cognition as embodied, embedded, extended and
enactive. The result is cognition formalised as a part of the
environment, rather than as a disembodied policy interacting with the
environment though an interpreter. This allows us to make objective
claims regarding intelligence, which we argue is the ability to
“generalise”, identify causes and adapt. We then propose objective
upper bounds for intelligent behaviour. This suggests AGI will be far
safer, but more limited, than theorised.
The NANOGrav 12.5-Year Data Set: Dispersion Measure Misestimations with Varying Bandwidths
Authors: Sosa Fiscella Sophia Valentina , Lam Michael T. , Arzoumanian Zaven , Blumer Harsha , Brook Paul R. , Cromartie H. Thankful , DeCesar Megan E. , Demorest Paul B. , Dolch Timothy , Ellis Justin A. , Ferdman Robert D. , Ferrara Elizabeth C. , Fonseca Emmanuel , Garver-Daniels Nate , Gentile Peter A. , Good Deborah C. , Jones Megan L. , Lorimer Duncan R. , Luo Jing , Lynch Ryan S. , McLaughlin Maura A. , Ng Cherry , Nice David J. , Pennucci Timothy T. , Pol Nihan S. , Ransom Scott M. , Spiewak Renée , Stairs Ingrid H. , Stovall Kevin , Swiggum Joseph K. , Vigeland Sarah J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Noise characterization for pulsar-timing applications accounts for interstellar dispersion by assuming a known frequency dependence of the delay it introduces in the times of arrival (TOAs). However, calculations of this delay suffer from misestimations due to other chromatic effects in the observations. The precision in modeling dispersion is dependent on the observed bandwidth. In this work, we calculate the offsets in infinite-frequency TOAs due to misestimations in the modeling of dispersion when using varying bandwidths at the Green Bank Telescope. We use a set of broadband observations of PSR J1643−1224, a pulsar with unusual chromatic timing behavior. We artificially restricted these observations to a narrowband frequency range, then used both the broad- and narrowband data sets to calculate residuals with a timing model that does not account for time variations in the dispersion. By fitting the resulting residuals to a dispersion model and comparing the fits, we quantify the error introduced in the timing parameters due to using a reduced frequency range. Moreover, by calculating the autocovariance function of the parameters, we obtained a characteristic timescale over which the dispersion misestimates are correlated. For PSR J1643−1224, which has one of the highest dispersion measures (DM) in the NANOGrav pulsar timing array, we find that the infinite-frequency TOAs suffer from a systematic offset of ∼22 μs due to incomplete frequency sampling, with correlations over about one month. For lower-DM pulsars, the offset is ∼7 μs. This error quantification can be used to provide more robust noise modeling in the NANOGrav data, thereby increasing the sensitivity and improving the parameter estimation in gravitational wave searches.
New Insights on the Accretion Properties of Class 0 Protostars from 2 μm Spectroscopy
Authors: Le Gouellec Valentin J. M. , Greene Thomas P. , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Yates Zoe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sun-like stars are thought to accrete most of their final mass during the protostellar phase, during which the stellar embryo is surrounded by an infalling dense envelope. We present an analysis of 26 K-band spectra of Class 0 protostars, which are the youngest protostars. Of these, 18 are new observations made with the Keck MOSFIRE instrument. H i Brγ, several H2, and CO Δv = 2 features are detected and analyzed. We detect Brγ emission in 62%, CO overtone emission in 50%, and H2 emission in 90% of sources. The H i and CO emission is associated with accretion, while the H2 lines are consistent with shock excitation indicating jets/outflows. Six objects exhibit photospheric absorption features, with almost no outflow activity and no detection of the accretion-related Brγ emission line. Comparing these results with an archival sample of Class I K-band spectra, we find that the CO and Brγ emission lines are systematically more luminous in Class 0s, suggesting that the accretion is on average more vigorous in the Class 0 phase. Typically associated with the heated inner accretion disk, the much higher detection rate of CO overtone emission in Class 0s indicates also that episodes of high accretion activity are more frequent in Class 0 systems. The kinematics of the Class 0 CO overtone emission suggest either an accretion-heated inner disk or material directly infalling onto the central region. This could point toward an accretion mechanism of different nature in Class 0 systems than the typical picture of magnetospheric accretion.
Constraints on UHECR Sources and Extragalactic Magnetic Fields from Directional Anisotropies
Authors: Bister Teresa , Farrar Glennys R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A dipole anisotropy in ultra–high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) arrival directions, of extragalactic origin, is now firmly established at energies E > 8 EeV. Furthermore, the UHECR angular power spectrum shows no power at smaller angular scales than the dipole, apart from hints of possible individual hot or warm spots for energy thresholds ≳40 EeV. Here we exploit the magnitude of the dipole and the limits on smaller-scale anisotropies to place constraints on two quantities: the extragalactic magnetic field (EGMF) and the number density of UHECR sources or the volumetric event rate if UHECR sources are transient. We also vary the bias between the extragalactic matter and the UHECR source densities, reflecting whether UHECR sources are preferentially found in over- or underdense regions, and find that little or no bias is favored. We follow Ding et al. (2021) in using the CosmicFlows-2 density distribution of the local universe as our baseline distribution of UHECR sources, but we improve and extend that work by employing an accurate and self-consistent treatment of interactions and energy losses during propagation. Deflections in the Galactic magnetic field are treated using either the full JF12 magnetic field model, with both random and coherent components, or just the coherent part, to bracket the impact of the GMF on the dipole anisotropy. This large-scale structure model gives good agreement with both the direction and magnitude of the measured dipole anisotropy and forms the basis for simulations of discrete sources and the inclusion of EGMF effects.
Molecular Gas Tracers in Young and Old Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Anderson Dana E. , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Blake Geoffrey A. , Qi Chunhua , Bergin Edwin A. , Carpenter John M. , Schwarz Kamber R. , Thilenius Claire , Zhang Ke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Molecular emission is used to investigate both the physical and chemical properties of protoplanetary disks. Therefore, to derive disk properties accurately, we need a thorough understanding of the behavior of the molecular probes upon which we rely. Here we investigate how the molecular line emission of N2H+, HCO+, HCN, and C18O compare to other measured quantities in a set of 20 protoplanetary disks. Overall, we find positive correlations between multiple line fluxes and the disk dust mass and radius. We also generally find strong positive correlations between the line fluxes of different molecular species. However, some disks do show noticeable differences in the relative fluxes of N2H+, HCO+, HCN, and C18O. These differences occur even within a single star-forming region. This results in a potentially large range of different disk masses and chemical compositions for systems of similar age and birth environment. While we make preliminary comparisons of molecular fluxes across different star-forming regions, more complete and uniform samples are needed in the future to search for trends with birth environment or age.
ROME. IV. An Arecibo Search for Substellar Magnetospheric Radio Emissions in Purported Exoplanet-hosting Systems at 5 GHz
Authors: Route Matthew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Plasma flow–obstacle interactions, such as those between an exoplanet’s magnetosphere and the host star’s stellar wind, may lead to detectable radio emissions. Despite many attempts to detect magnetospheric (auroral) radio emissions from exoplanets, a reproducible, unambiguous detection remains elusive. This fourth paper of the Radio Observations of Magnetized Exoplanets (ROME) series presents the results of a targeted radio survey of nine nearby systems that host exoplanet, brown dwarf, or low-mass-stellar companions conducted with the Arecibo radio telescope at ∼5 GHz. This search for magnetospheric radio emissions has the greatest sensitivity (∼1 mJy during <1 s integration times) and collected full Stokes parameters over the largest simultaneous bandpass of any survey to date. It is also the first survey to search for radio emission from brown dwarfs of spectral class Y, which may illuminate open questions regarding their magnetism, interior and atmospheric structure, and formation histories. No magnetospheric radio emissions from substellar companions were detected. These results are examined within the context of recent theoretical work on plasma flow–obstacle interactions, and radio emissions observed from the solar system planets and ultracool dwarfs.
A Steep Decline in the Galaxy Space Density beyond Redshift 9 in the CANUCS UV Luminosity Function
Authors: Willott Chris J. , Desprez Guillaume , Asada Yoshihisa , Sarrouh Ghassan T. E. , Abraham Roberto , Bradač Maruša , Brammer Gabe , Estrada-Carpenter Vince , Iyer Kartheik G. , Martis Nicholas S. , Matharu Jasleen , Mowla Lamiya , Muzzin Adam , Noirot Gaël , Sawicki Marcin , Strait Victoria , Rihtaršič Gregor , Withers Sunna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present a new sample of 158 galaxies at redshift z > 7.5 selected from deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRCam imaging of five widely separated sight lines in the CANUCS survey. Two-thirds of the pointings and 80% of the galaxies are covered by 12–14 NIRCam filters, including seven to nine medium bands, providing accurate photometric redshifts and robustness against low-redshift interlopers. A sample of 28 galaxies at z > 7.5 with spectroscopic redshifts shows a low systematic offset and scatter in the difference between photometric and spectroscopic redshifts. We derive the galaxy UV luminosity function at redshifts 8–12, finding a slightly higher normalization than previously seen with the Hubble Space Telescope at redshifts 8–10. We observe a steeper decline in the galaxy space density from z = 8 to 12 than found by most JWST Cycle 1 studies. In particular, we find only eight galaxies at z > 10 and none at z > 12.5, with no z > 10 galaxies brighter than F277W AB = 28 or M
UV = −20 in our unmasked, delensed survey area of 53.4 arcmin2. We attribute the lack of bright z > 10 galaxies in CANUCS compared to GLASS and CEERS to intrinsic variance in the galaxy density along different sight lines. The evolution in the CANUCS luminosity function between z = 8 and 12 is comparable to that predicted by simulations that assume a standard star formation efficiency without invoking any special adjustments.
Theoretical Analysis of the RX J0209.6−7427 X-Ray Spectrum during a Giant Outburst
Authors: West Brent F. , Becker Peter A. , Vasilopoulos Georgios 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We model the spectral formation occurring in the binary X-ray pulsar (XRP) RX J0209.6−7427 during the 2019 super-Eddington outburst. Using a theoretical model previously developed by the authors, we are able to produce spectra that closely resemble the phase-averaged X-ray spectra observed using the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array and Insight-HXMT during low- and high-luminosity states of the outburst, respectively. The theoretical model simulates the accretion of fully ionized gas in a dipole magnetic field and includes a complete description of the radiation hydrodynamics, matter distribution, and spectral formation. Type II X-ray outbursts provide an opportunity to study accretion over a large range of luminosities for the same neutron star. The analysis performed here represents the first time both the outburst low and high states of an accretion-powered XRP are modeled using a physics-based model rather than standard phenomenological fitting with arbitrary mathematical functions. We find that the outer polar cap radius remains constant and the column is more fully filled with increasing luminosity, Comptonized bremsstrahlung dominates the formation of the phase-averaged X-ray spectrum, and a negative correlation exists between cyclotron centroid energy and luminosity, as expected. The super-Eddington nature of the outburst is rendered possible owing to the low scattering cross section for photons propagating parallel to the magnetic field. We also find that emission through the column top dominates in both the low and high states, implying that the pulse profiles should have a roughly sinusoidal shape, which agrees with observed properties of ultraluminous XRPs.
Dark No More: The Low-luminosity Stellar Counterpart of a Dark Cloud in the Virgo Cluster*
Authors: Jones Michael G. , Janowiecki Steven , Dey Swapnaneel , Sand David J. , Bennet Paul , Crnojević Denija , Fielder Catherine E. , Karunakaran Ananthan , Kent Brian R. , Mazziotti Nicolas , Mutlu-Pakdil Burçin , Spekkens Kristine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We have discovered the stellar counterpart to the ALFALFA Virgo 7 cloud complex, which has been thought to be optically dark and nearly star-free since its discovery in 2007. This ∼190 kpc long chain of enormous atomic gas clouds (M
H i
∼ 109
M
⊙) is embedded in the hot intracluster medium of the Virgo galaxy cluster but is isolated from any galaxy. Its faint, blue stellar counterpart, BC6, was identified in a visual search of archival optical and UV imaging. Follow-up observations with the Green Bank Telescope, Hobby–Eberly Telescope, and Hubble Space Telescope demonstrate that this faint counterpart is at the same velocity as the atomic gas, actively forming stars, and metal-rich (12 + (O/H) = 8.58 ± 0.25). We estimate its stellar mass to be only

log
(

M

*

/

M

⊙

)
∼
4.4

, making it one of the most gas-rich stellar systems known. Aside from its extraordinary gas content, the properties of BC6 are entirely consistent with those of a recently identified class of young, low-mass, isolated, and star-forming clouds in Virgo that appear to have formed via extreme ram pressure stripping events. We expand the existing discussion of the origin of this structure and suggest NGC 4522 as a likely candidate; however, the current evidence is not fully consistent with any of our proposed progenitor galaxies. We anticipate that other “dark” gas clouds in Virgo may have similarly faint, star-forming counterparts. We aim to identify these through the help of a citizen science search of the entire cluster.
L’or indigène. Orpaillage et conquête coloniale en Afrique de l’Ouest
Authors: Dory-Cros Hugo 
Published: April 2024

Les usages de l’or dans l’entreprise coloniale ouest-africaine ont souvent été étudiés par la littérature historique sous le simple prisme économique. Pourtant, le métal jaune est avant tout le fruit d’anciennes chaînes opératoires culturellement et socialement ancrées, lesquelles ont été stratégiquement exploitées par les forces coloniales lors des processus de conquête et de « pacification ».
L’impact des immigrés sur leur pays d’accueil
Authors: Cusset Pierre-Yves 
Published: April 2024

Bien qu’il suscite toujours d’âpres controverses, l’impact économique de l’immigration est généralement considéré comme plutôt positif, tant pour les pays d’accueil que pour les pays d’origine. Mais qu’en est-il, plus généralement, des effets à long terme des immigrés et de leurs descendants sur les pays d’accueil ? Cette question plus complexe est rarement abordée, mais elle fait l’objet de travaux dont cet article de Pierre-Yves Cusset rend compte, à la lumière du livre de Garett Jones, The Culture Transplant : How Migrants Make the Economies They Move to a Lot like the Ones They Left. Plusieurs enseignements s’en dégagent. D’abord, les spécificités des immigrés, en termes de valeurs et normes sociales, ne disparaissent pas lorsqu’ils traversent la frontière ; de surcroît, ils les transmettent plus ou moins à leurs enfants et petits-enfants, mais les différences s’estompent au fil du temps. Ensuite, la force des liens humains prime sur celle des lieux et la diversité d’ascendance a des effets ambivalents : plutôt positifs sur la prospérité économique lorsqu’il s’agit de talents, d’expérience ou de compétence ; plutôt négatifs sur la confiance et la capacité à coopérer, notamment lorsqu’il s’agit d’attributs hérités (sexe, ethnicité…). Garett Jones conclut que l’apport de millions d’immigrés (il fait référence aux États-Unis), s’il peut être un avantage à court terme, présente aussi des dangers à long terme — en particulier en cas d’accueil massif d’immigrés provenant de pays à bas niveau de confiance et de civisme, et à haut niveau de corruption ou conflictualité. Mais il se garde bien de formuler un jugement péremptoire qui serait vrai quel que soit le pays d’origine ou d’accueil des immigrés. H.J.
L’image de « Montessori » : réceptions du montessorisme dans le champ de l’innovation pédagogique
Authors: Legavre Amélia 
Published: April 2024

Cet article interroge l’image du montessorisme dans le champ de l’innovation pédagogique. Sur la base de discours collectés lors d’évènements portant sur ce thème et lors d’entretiens réalisés avec des éducateurs d’écoles privées dites « alternatives », il met en évidence la fonction d’étalon de l’approche Montessori, permettant aux acteurs de s’auto-situer dans l’espace des pédagogies alternatives. La mobilisation de références montessoriennes tient au fait que celles-ci offrent une caution « scientifique » aux pédagogies centrées sur l’enfant et à la critique corrélative de l’enseignement dit « traditionnel ». Néanmoins, les pratiques associées au montessorisme sont aussi mises à distance par certains acteurs, au travers de quatre types de critiques servant à s’en distinguer : l’élitisme ; l’individualisme ; l’immobilisme ; et l’instrumentalisme.
Mobiliser la pédagogie Montessori en écoles musulmanes : entre recherche de distinction et gestion du stigmate
Authors: Girin Diane-Sophie 
Published: April 2024

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, on assiste au développement d’une offre d’enseignement privé musulman. Les écoles qui ont ouvert leurs portes font l’objet de nombreuses controverses, effaçant bien souvent la diversité interne de la catégorie. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’analyser de quelle manière certaines écoles musulmanes hors contrat de niveau élémentaire mobilisent la pédagogie Montessori, en particulier dans les cours de religion qu’elles dispensent à leurs élèves. Nous nous appuierons pour cela sur un travail d’enquête par entretiens et par observations auprès de onze établissements situés en France métropolitaine. Le recours à cette pédagogie répond à la fois à une volonté de distinction : ces écoles cherchent à affirmer leur spécificité vis-à-vis d’autres écoles musulmanes et des écoles coraniques. On peut également analyser ce recours aux méthodes montessoriennes comme une recherche de respectabilité pour échapper aux représentations disqualifiantes dont les écoles musulmanes font l’objet.