bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A subpopulation of mesenchymal stromal cells with high osteogenic potential
Authors: Liu Hua , Toh Wei Seong , Lu Kai , MacAry Paul Anthony , Kemeny David Michael , Cao Tong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCurrent bone disease therapy with bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) is hampered by low efficiency. Advanced allogeneic studies on well‐established mouse genetic and disease models are hindered by difficulties in isolating murine MSC (mMSC). And mMSC prepared from different laboratories exhibit significant heterogeneity. Hence, this study aimed to identify and isolate a sub‐population of mMSC at an early passage number with high osteogenic potential. Enrichment of mMSC was achieved by 1‐hr silica incubation and negative selection. Approximately 96% of these cells synthesized osteocalcin after 28 days of osteogenic induction in vitro, and displayed a complete dynamic alteration of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity with increasing osteogenic maturation and strong mineralization. Moreover, the cells displayed uniform and stable surface molecular profile, long‐term survival, fast proliferation in vitro with maintenance of normal karyotype and distinct immunological properties. CD73 was found to be expressed exclusively in osteogenesis but not in adipogenesis. These cells also retained high osteogenic potential upon allogeneic transplantation in an ectopic site by the detection of bone‐specific ALP, osteopontin, osteocalcin and local mineralization as early as 12 days after implantation. Hence, these cells may provide a useful source for improving current strategies in bone regenerative therapy, and for characterizing markers defining the putative MSC population.
Growth inhibition of colorectal carcinoma by lentiviral TRAIL‐transgenic human mesenchymal stem cells requires their substantial intratumoral presence
Authors: Luetzkendorf Jana , Mueller Lutz P. , Mueller Thomas , Caysa Henrike , Nerger Katrin , Schmoll Hans‐Joachim 
Published: June 2009

AbstractColorectal carcinoma (CRC) constitutes a common malignancy with limited therapeutic options in metastasized stages. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) home to tumours and may therefore serve as a novel therapeutic tool for intratumoral delivery of antineoplastic factors. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) which promises apoptosis induction preferentially in tumour cells represents such a factor. We generated TRAIL‐MSC by transduction of human MSC with a third generation lentiviral vector system and analysed their characteristics and capacity to inhibit CRC growth. (1) TRAIL‐MSC showed stable transgene expression with neither changes in the defining MSC characteristics nor signs of malignant transformation. (2) Upon direct in vitro coculture TRAIL‐MSC induced apoptosis in TRAIL‐sensitive CRC‐cell lines (DLD‐1 and HCT‐15) but also in CRC‐cell lines resistant to soluble TRAIL (HCT‐8 and SW480). (3) In mixed subcutaneous (s.c.) xenografts TRAIL‐MSC inhibited CRC‐tumour growth presumably by apoptosis induction but a substantial proportion of TRAIL‐MSC within the total tumour cell number was needed to yield such anti‐tumour effect. (4) Systemic application of TRAIL‐MSC had no effect on the growth of s.c. DLD‐1 xenografts which appeared to be due to a pulmonary entrapment and low rate of tumour integration of TRAIL‐MSC. Systemic TRAIL‐MSC caused no toxicity in this model. (5) Wild‐type MSC seemed to exert a tumour growth‐supporting effect in mixed s.c. DLD‐1 xenografts. These novel results support the idea that lentiviral TRAIL‐transgenic human MSC may serve as vehicles for clinical tumour therapy but also highlight the need for further investigations to improve tumour integration of transgenic MSC and to clarify a potential tumour‐supporting effect by MSC.
Long‐term changes in graft height after maxillary sinus floor elevation with different grafting materials: radiographic evaluation with a minimum follow‐up of 4.5 years
Authors: Zijderveld Steven A. , Schulten Engelbert A. J. M. , Aartman Irene H. A. , Ten Bruggenkate Christiaan M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective: To compare the vertical dimensional changes with regard to graft height in a long‐term follow‐up in patients treated with two different grafting materials used in maxillary sinus floor elevation procedures.Material and methods: Twenty consecutive patients were included. One group was grafted with autogenous bone from the mandible (chin area), and the other group was augmented with a 100%β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP). During a 4‐ to 5‐year period, in each patient, at least five panoramic radiographs were made. These panoramic radiographs were used for morphometric measurements, at three different locations. The three locations were the first bone to implant contact at the distal side of the second most posterior implant (L1), halfway between this implant and the most posterior implant (L2) and the site 5 mm distal to the most posterior implant (L3). The measured vertical bone heights were evaluated to assess whether there was loss of height and, if so, whether the reduction in graft height occurred in an initial healing period or whether it was an ongoing process during the whole study period.Results: There is a statistically significant reduction of vertical bone height in time at all locations (P<0.001). The mean decrease of the total vertical height during the whole study period at the three different locations did not differ significantly for and between both grafting groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that at location L1, the reduction in millimeters per month decreased in time (P=0.001). There was no difference between the grafting groups (P=0.958). Similar results were found on L2 (P=0.005). For L3, there also appeared to be a statistically significant difference in reduction in time in millimeters per month (P=0.004). There was no statistically significant difference in height reduction between locations L1, L2 and L3 for vertical bone height and graft height, respectively.Conclusions: Both β‐TCP and mandibular bone grafts resulted in radiographic reduction of the vertical height over the 5‐year period following maxillary sinus floor elevation. After an initial height reduction in the first 1.5 year, subsequent changes were minimal. No significant differences were observed between the two types of grafting material. There was no statistically significant difference in reduction between the three locations for vertical bone height and graft height, respectively.
Constraining white dwarf kicks in globular clusters – IV. Retarding core collapse
Authors: Heyl Jeremy , Penrice Matt 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Observations of white dwarfs in the globular clusters NGC 6397 and Omega Centauri indicate that these stars may get a velocity kick during their time as giants. If the mass loss while on the asymptotic giant branch is slightly asymmetric, the resulting white dwarf could be born with such a velocity kick. These energetic white dwarfs will impart their excess energy on other stars as they travel through the cluster. A Monte Carlo simulation of the white dwarfs kicks combined with estimate of the phase-space diffusion of the white dwarfs reveals that as the white dwarfs equilibrate, they lose most of their energy in the central region of the cluster. They could possibly augment the effect of binaries, delaying core collapse or increasing the size of globular cluster cores.
NESTED AUTOMATED RIBOSOMAL INTERGENIC SPACER ANALYSIS: A RAPID AND ACCURATE METHOD FOR COMPARISON OF BACTERIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION
Authors: LEAR G. , LEWIS G.D. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT Nested automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) was used to examine the community structure of epilithic biofilms in freshwater streams experiencing different levels of human impact. This molecular fingerprinting technique generated reproducible profiles of bacterial community structure that varied significantly between stream sites. Nested ARISA was determined to be a cost‐effective, high‐throughput approach to assess bacterial community composition from very small sample volumes, requiring little sampling effort and without the need for taxonomic identification of individual organisms. In combination with multidimensional scaling, nested ARISA provides a rapid and sensitive method to carry out complex analyses of bacterial community structure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSNested automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) provides a high‐throughput molecular method with which to screen large numbers of environmental samples for differences in microbial community structure. This sensitive approach benefits assessments from small sample volumes or environments exhibiting reduced microbial biomass (both aquatic and terrestrial). Differences in bacterial community structure (obtained from ARISA profiles) could be used to characterize the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on freshwater systems, analogous to the current use of macroinvertebrate indicators of freshwater ecological health.
A HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING METHOD FOR 1,3‐DIHYDROXYACETONE‐PRODUCING BACTERIUM BY CULTIVATION IN A 96‐WELL MICROTITER PLATE
Authors: HU Z.‐C. , ZHENG Y.‐G. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT 1,3‐Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is used extensively in the cosmetic industry, and is the main active ingredient in all sunless tanning skincare preparation. In order to more efficiently and rapidly screen suitable strains or mutants for production of DHA, a high throughput screening method for DHA‐producing bacterium by cultivation in a 96‐well microtiter plate was developed. With this screening method, more than 100 strains that were able to convert glycerol to DHA were isolated from soil samples, and a mutant of Gluconobacter oxydans ZJB‐605 that displayed the highest DHA productivity was obtained.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe practical application of this work is to promote the microbial process for isolating DHA‐producing bacterium and screening DHA‐overproducing mutant. With it, DHA manufactory can improve efficiency of strain operation, reduce labor and decrease production costs of DHA. It also can be used for reference about researches of glycerol dehydrogenase, and other alcohol dehydrogenase.
Weekly and twice-weekly bortezomib in patients with systemic AL amyloidosis: results of a phase 1 dose-escalation study
Authors: Reece Donna E. , Sanchorawala Vaishali , Hegenbart Ute , Merlini Giampaolo , Palladini Giovanni , Fermand Jean-Paul , Vescio Robert A. , Liu Xiangyang , Elsayed Yusri A. , Cakana Andrew , Comenzo Raymond L. ,   for the VELCADE CAN2007 Study Group
Published: June 2009

AbstractNew treatment options are required for primary systemic AL amyloidosis (AL). This phase 1 dose-escalation component of a phase 1/2 study in relapsed AL aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of bortezomib once weekly (0.7-1.6 mg/m2; days 1, 8, 15, and 22; 35-day cycles) and twice weekly (0.7-1.3 mg/m2; days 1, 4, 8, and 11; 21-day cycles) and assess preliminary hematologic responses. Thirty-one patients with relapsed AL were enrolled across 7 cohorts. Dose-limiting toxicity included grade 3 congestive heart failure in 2 patients (1 at once weekly, 1.6 mg/m2, and 1 at twice weekly, 1.0 mg/m2). MTD was not defined for either schedule; the maximum doses of 1.6 mg/m2 (once weekly) and 1.3 mg/m2 (twice weekly) are being used in phase 2 evaluation. Most commonly reported toxicities on both schedules included gastrointestinal events, fatigue, and nervous system disorders. Discontinuations and dose reductions for toxicity were reported in 12 and 4 patients, respectively. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Hematologic responses occurred in 15 (50%) of 30 evaluable patients, including 6 (20%) complete responses. Median time to first response was 1.2 months. Once-weekly and twice-weekly bortezomib appear generally well tolerated in relapsed AL, with promising hematologic responses. This study is registered with http://ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT00298766.
Development of an integrative database with 499 novel microsatellite markers for Macaca fascicularis
Authors: Higashino Atsunori , Osada Naoki , Suto Yumiko , Hirata Makoto , Kameoka Yosuke , Takahashi Ichiro , Terao Keiji 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Background
Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are a valuable resource for linkage studies of genetic disorders, but their microsatellite markers are not sufficient. In genetic studies, a prerequisite for mapping genes is development of a genome-wide set of microsatellite markers in target organisms. A whole genome sequence and its annotation also facilitate identification of markers for causative mutations. The aim of this study is to establish hundreds of microsatellite markers and to develop an integrative cynomolgus macaque genome database with a variety of datasets including marker and gene information that will be useful for further genetic analyses in this species.

Results
We investigated the level of polymorphisms in cynomolgus monkeys for 671 microsatellite markers that are covered by our established Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones. Four hundred and ninety-nine (74.4%) of the markers were found to be polymorphic using standard PCR analysis. The average number of alleles and average expected heterozygosity at these polymorphic loci in ten cynomolgus macaques were 8.20 and 0.75, respectively.

Conclusion
BAC clones and novel microsatellite markers were assigned to the rhesus genome sequence and linked with our cynomolgus macaque cDNA database (QFbase). Our novel microsatellite marker set and genomic database will be valuable integrative resources in analyzing genetic disorders in cynomolgus macaques.
Undifferentiated giant cell type carcinoma of the gallbladder with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Manouras Andreas , Genetzakis Michael , Lagoudianakis Emmanuel E , Markogiannakis Haridimos , Papadima Artemisia , Agrogiannis George , Gakiopoulou Hariklia , Kekis Panagiotis , Filis Konstantinos , Patsouris Efstratios 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Undifferentiated gallbladder carcinoma is a rare entity. Among unusual types of undifferentiated gallbladder carcinoma, giant cell type carcinoma is infrequent and, moreover, very few cases of such neoplasms with osteoclast-like giant cells have been documented. We report a case of undifferentiated gallbladder carcinoma presenting an unusual immunophenotype that was shown to be of giant cell type with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation infiltrated by osteoclast-like multinucleated cells.

Case presentation
An 84-year-old Greek man presented with right upper quadrant pain, high fever, rigors, anorexia and weight loss during the past month. Clinical examination revealed tenderness in the right upper abdominal quadrant and a palpable gallbladder. Blood tests showed elevated white blood-cell count and transaminases. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography demonstrated a markedly distended gallbladder, measuring 16 cm x 8 cm, with oedema and pericholecystic fluid, consistent with gallbladder empyema. After an open cholecystectomy and an uneventful recovery, the patient was discharged on the 4th postoperative day. On cut surface, a 2cm solid mass was identified, obstructing the lumen in the neck of the gallbladder. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry offered the diagnosis of an undifferentiated, giant cell type carcinoma of the gallbladder with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation infiltrated with osteoclast-like giant cells.

Conclusions
Undifferentiated, giant cell type carcinoma of the gallbladder with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation infiltrated with osteoclast-like giant cells is a very infrequent neoplasm. Controversy exists over its nature, as related knowledge remains incomplete. Thorough histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation is imperative for diagnosis. Due to their rarity, the biological behaviour and prognosis of these tumours remain unclear.
A novel mutation in the ADA gene causing severe combined immunodeficiency in an Arab patient: a case report
Authors: Hellani Ali , Almassri Nidal , Abu-Amero Khaled K 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Introduction
About 20% of the cases of human severe combined immunodeficiency are the result of the child being homozygous for defective genes encoding the enzyme adenosine deaminase. To our knowledge, the mutation pattern in Arab patients with severe combined immunodeficiency has never been reported previously.

Case presentation
A 14-month-old Arab boy had clinical features typical of severe combined immunodeficiency. His clinical picture and flow cytometric analysis raised the diagnosis of adenosine deaminase deficiency and prompted us to screen the adenosine deaminase gene for mutation(s). We detected a novel mutation in exon 9 of the adenosine deaminase gene (p.Arg282>Gln), which we believe is the cause of the severe combined immunodeficiency phenotype observed in our patient.

Conclusion
This is the first report of adenosine deaminase mutation in an Arab patient with severe combined immunodeficiency due to a novel pathogenic mutation in the adenosine deaminase gene.
Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the urinary bladder in an Arab woman with history of squamous cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Al Meshaan Mohd Khaled , Nayef Marwan , Kwaider Talal , Otto Wolfgang , Katchy Ken C 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the urinary bladder are rare and tend to occur in an older age group than do their counterparts in bones and soft tissue.

Case presentation
We report a case of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the urinary bladder in a 67-year-old woman of Arab origin. She had undergone transurethral resection followed by chemotherapy because of pulmonary metastasized muscle-invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder in 2005. One year later, she first presented with a history of repeated hematuria in our institution. Performing cystoscopy any tumor could be detected. Control cystoscopy two months later showed a tumor mass of 3 cm in diameter at another location than described for the first tumor. After perforating by transurethral resection partial bladder resection had to be done. Tissue specimen after pathological analysis revealed a peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor with tumor cells reactive to cluster of differentiation 99, neuron-specific enolase and S100 protein and stained negative for other markers such as cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, desmin, smooth muscle actin, chromogranin and leucocyte common antigen. Staging computerized tomography was especially free from any hint on organ metastasis, but the patient died due to a cardiac problem only a few months later.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, we report the eighth case of bladder peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors in literature and the first concerning an Arab patient. It is also the first presentation of a peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor patient with a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. As in other cases, expression of single-chain-type 1 glycoprotein and neural markers was positive and the disease was at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis.
Pyrochlore to Fluorite Transitions – Ordering in Fluorites?
Authors: Whittle Karl R. , Cranswick Lachlan M. , Redfern Simon A.T. , Swainson Ian P. , Lumpkin Gregory R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo systems have been studied La2-xYxZr2O7 and La2-xYxHf2O7, as part of an on-going study of radiation tolerance in nuclear waste forms and related oxide materials. The structural effects of increasing Y content in La based zirconate and hafnate pyrochlores have been studied with neutron diffraction and electron microscopy. Results have shown a difference in structural stability for both the pyrochlore and fluorite phases within each system, including the presence of two-phase regions in both systems. In the zirconate, the two-phase region lies in the range x = 0.9-1.6. This is shifted to higher Y content in the hafnate system and lies in the range of x = 1.5 to approximately 1.8-1.9. In addition to the differences in phase stability, electron diffraction, predominantly down the [110] zone axis, has shown evidence for ordering in the form of structured diffuse scattering within the fluorite phases.
Length-scale Effects in Cascade Damage Production in Iron
Authors: Stoller R. E. , Kamenski P. J. , Osetsky Yu. N. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTMolecular dynamics simulations provide an atomistic description of the processes that control primary radiation damage formation in atomic displacement cascades. An extensive database of simulations describing cascade damage production in single crystal iron has been compiled using a modified version of the interatomic potential developed by Finnis and Sinclair. This same potential has been used to investigate primary damage formation in nanocrystalline iron in order to have a direct comparison with the single crystal results. A statistically significant number of simulations were carried out at cascade energies of 10 keV and 20 keV and temperatures of 100 and 600K to make this comparison. The results demonstrate a significant influence of nearby grain boundaries as a sink for mobile defects during the cascade cooling phase. This alters the residual primary damage that survives the cascade event. Compared to single crystal, substantially fewer interstitials survive in the nanograined iron, while the number of surviving vacancies is similar or slightly greater than the single crystal result. The fraction of the surviving interstitials contained in clusters is also reduced. The asymmetry in the survival of the two types of point defects is likely to alter damage accumulation at longer times.
Corrosion of Ferritic Steels in High Temperature Molten Salt Coolants for Nuclear Applications
Authors: Farmer Joseph , El-dasher Bassem , Caro Magdalena Serrano de , Ferreira James 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTCorrosion of ferritic steels, including oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) variants, in high temperature molten fluoride salts may limit the life of advanced reactors, including some hybrid systems that are now under consideration. In some cases, the steel may be protected through galvanic coupling with other less noble materials with special neutronic properties such as beryllium. This paper reports the development of a model for predicting corrosion rates for various ferritic steels, with and without oxide dispersion strengthening, in FLiBe (Li2BeF4) and FLiNaK (Li-Na-K-F) coolants at temperatures up to 800 °C. Mixed potential theory is used to account for the protection of steel by beryllium, Tafel kinetics are used to predict rates of dissolution as a function of temperature and potential, and the thinning of the mass-transfer boundary layer with increasing Reynolds number is accounted for with dimensionless correlations. The model also accounts for the deceleration of corrosion as the coolants become saturated with dissolved chromium and iron. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has been used for the initial in situ study of an ODS ferritic steel in high-temperature molten fluoride salt environments, with the complex impedance spectra obtained at its open circuit corrosion potential (OCP) interpreted in terms of the basic components of the equivalent circuit, which include the electrolyte conductivity, the interfacial charge transfer resistance, and the interfacial capacitance. Such in situ measurement techniques may provide valuable insight into the degradation of materials under realistic conditions.