bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Peri‐Implantitis: Implant Surfaces, Microstructure, and Physicochemical Aspects
Authors: Mouhyi Jaafar , Dohan Ehrenfest David M. , Albrektsson Tomas 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThere are two ways of looking at secondary failures of osseointegration; one is to reflect on possible causes for the failure, the other focuses on the pathology per se. In the first case, background factors such as mechanical trauma (adverse loading) or inflammations/infections are being discussed as the cause of failure. Then peri‐implantitis is a term reserved for implant disturbance due to inflammation/infections only. However, irrespective of the original reason for the failure being adverse loading or inflammation/infection, the end result with bone resorption and inflammation may be very similar. Hence, in the present article, an alternative outlook has been chosen. Trigerring factors for peri‐implantitis are generally gathered under four categories: lesions of peri‐implant attachment, presence of aggressive bacteria, excessive mechanical stress, and corrosion. If only one of these factors would start a chain reaction leading to lesions, then the other factors may combine to worsen the condition. With other words, peri‐implantitis is a general term dependent on a synergy of several factors, irrespective of the precise reason for first triggering off symptoms.
Sleeping Implant in the Temporal Bone: Report of a Case with 20‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Granström Gösta , Gröndahl Hans‐Göran , Tjellström Anders 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: There is limited knowledge of the long‐term fate of “sleeping” or nonloaded implants in the temporal bone.Purpose: This article describes the fate of a fixture installed in the temporal bone that remained unloaded for 20 years.Patient and Methods: A 25‐year‐old male with hemifacial microsomia had three osseointegrated implants installed for an auricular episthesis and bone‐anchored hearing aid (BAHA) in the left temporal bone in 1988. Two of the implants for the ear episthesis were activated the same year, but the fixture for the hearing aid was not uncovered until 2008. When the patient experienced hearing problems at his office, he wanted to reactivate the sleeping implant. An audiogram showed a maximum conductive hearing loss with good preserved cochlear function. Before reactivation, an Accuitomo three‐dimensional, cone beam computed tomography was performed. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) using the Ostell technique was done when the implant was uncovered.Results: Preoperative x‐ray investigation showed the sleeping implant to be well integrated in the temporal bone, covered with 1 mm bone, and with no signs of resorption. Geometric measurements correlating to the two loaded implants showed the sleeping implant to be positioned too close to these to be able to anchor a BAHA without interference with the episthesis. Surgical exploration was done to analyze the implant. The clinical status correlated well to that diagnosed from the x‐ray investigation. RFA revealed the implant to be well integrated. A new fixture and abutment for BAHA was installed in the temporal line and activated 2 months after surgery. The patient is today supplied with a BAHA.Conclusion: It seems possible to use sleeping implants in the temporal bone even 20 years after installation.
Radiographic Features of Mandibular Trabecular Bone Structure in Hypodontia
Authors: Créton Marijn , Geraets Wil , Verhoeven Jan Willem , van der Stelt Paul F. , Verhey Hans , Cune Marco 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose: Radiographic parameters of mandibular trabecular bone structure between 67 subjects having hypodontia and those without were studied on digital panoramic radiographs.Materials and Methods: Three regions of interest (ROI) were defined: the ascending ramus, apical of the mandibular molar and mesial of the first mandibular molar. The effects of the presence of hypodontia and the ROI on the mandibular trabecular bone structure were tested for statistical significance by means of multivariate analysis.Results: Radiographic parameters of trabecular bone architecture were found to differ between various regions of the mandible (p = 0.000), but not between the group of hypodontia subjects and their controls (p = 0.23). There was no interaction effect between the ROIs and the two groups (p = 0.79). For people having hypodontia, some directional parameters of trabecular bone have a reverse correlation with the number of missing teeth. The fractal dimension and the number and perimeter of white segments in the binarized image correlate positively with the number of congenitally missing teeth.Conclusions: A limited number of parameters of radiographic mandibular trabecular bone structure correlate with the number of missing teeth. However, a markable difference in radiographic parameters of mandibular trabecular bone structure between hypodontia and non‐hypodontia subjects could not be demonstrated.
Minimally Invasive Treatment for Papillae Deficiencies in the Esthetic Zone: A Pilot Study
Authors: Becker William , Gabitov Ildor , Stepanov Misha , Kois John , Smidt Ami , Becker Burton E. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: The presence of papillary deficiencies adjacent to dental implants or teeth presents an esthetic concern for the dental team and patients.Purpose: The aim of this pilot project is to evaluate a new method for reducing or eliminating small papillary deficiencies. The use of a commercially available gel was evaluated as a possible method for enhancing deficient papillae.Materials and Methods: Eleven patients, seven females and four males, with an average age of 55.8 years (ranging from 25 to 75 years) with 14 treated sites are included in this pilot study. Patients had a minimum of one papillary deficiency in the esthetic zone. Prior to treatment photographs were either taken at a 1:1 ratio or converted to a 1:1 ratio using a commercially available program. A standardization photographic device was not used. After administration of a local anesthetic, a 23‐gauge needle was used to inject less than 0.2 mL of a commercially available and Food and Drug Administration‐approved gel of hyaluronic acid 2–3 mm apical to the coronal tip of the involved papillae. Patients were seen every three weeks and treatment was repeated up to three times. Patients were followed from 6 to 25 months after initial gel application. A computer program measured changes in pixels between initial and final treatments. A formula was derived to determine percentage change in the negative space between initial and final examinations.Results: Each site was individually evaluated. Three implant sites and one site adjacent to a tooth had 100% improvement between treatment examinations. Seven sites improved from 94 to 97%, three sites improved from 76 to 88%, and one site adjacent to an implant had 57% improvement.Conclusion: Results from this pilot study are encouraging and present evidence that small papillary deficiencies between implants and teeth can be enhanced by injection of a hyaluronic gel. Improvements were maintained for a range of 6 to 25 months.
Factors affecting methane production and mitigation in ruminants
Authors: SHIBATA Masaki , TERADA Fuminori 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTMethane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas (GHG) and that emitted from enteric fermentation in livestock is the single largest source of emissions in Japan. Many factors influence ruminant CH4 production, including level of intake, type and quality of feeds and environmental temperature. The objectives of this review are to identify the factors affecting CH4 production in ruminants, to examine technologies for the mitigation of CH4 emissions from ruminants, and to identify areas requiring further research. The following equation for CH4 prediction was formulated using only dry matter intake (DMI) and has been adopted in Japan to estimate emissions from ruminant livestock for the National GHG Inventory Report: Y = −17.766 + 42.793X − 0.849X2, where Y is CH4 production (L/day) and X is DMI (kg/day). Technologies for the mitigation of CH4 emissions from ruminants include increasing productivity by improving nutritional management, the manipulation of ruminal fermentation by changing feed composition, the addition of CH4 inhibitors, and defaunation. Considering the importance of ruminant livestock, it is essential to establish economically feasible ways of reducing ruminant CH4 production while improving productivity; it is therefore critical to conduct a full system analysis to select the best combination of approaches or new technologies to be applied under long‐term field conditions.
An Agent‐Based Model of Entrepreneurial Behavior in Agri‐Food Markets
Authors: Ross R. Brent , Westgren Randall E. 
Published: October 2009

Rapid technological innovation and globalization have led to increasingly complex agri‐food supply chains and networks, and uncertain agri‐food markets. Given this type of competitive environment, management scholars have argued that agri‐food firms that adopt capabilities for entrepreneurship will outperform firms that do not. We use agent‐based simulation methods to explore this hypothesis. Agent‐based models are particularly relevant in this study as they allow for the explicit simulation of the entrepreneurial behaviors and firm interactions that lead to wealth creation. In our analysis, we find that entrepreneurial capabilities of alertness, risk‐taking, and efficiency vary in their effect on firm performance given alternative agri‐food strategic landscape configurations.L'innovation technologique rapide et la mondialisation ont donné lieu à des chaînes d'approvisionnement agroalimentaire et à des réseaux de plus en plus complexes ainsi qu'à des marchés agroalimentaires incertains. Compte tenu de ce type d'environnement concurrentiel, les spécialistes en gestion soutiennent que les entreprises agroalimentaires qui possèdent des capacités entrepreneuriales surclasseront celles qui n'en possèdent pas. Nous avons utilisé des modèles de simulation multi‐agent pour étudier cette hypothèse. Les modèles multi‐agent sont particulièrement pertinents dans la présente étude puisqu'ils permettent la simulation explicite de comportements entrepreneuriaux et d'interactions entre firmes qui engendrent la création de richesse. Les résultats de notre analyse ont montré que les capacités entrepreneuriales, telles que la vigilance, la prise de risque et l'efficacité, ont des répercussions variées sur la performance d'une firme en raison de différentes configurations stratégiques du paysage agroalimentaire.
Precision cosmology from X-ray AGN clustering
Authors: Basilakos Spyros , Plionis Manolis 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
We place tight constraints on the main cosmological parameters of spatially flat cosmological models by using the recent angular clustering results of XMM–Newton soft (0.5–2 keV) X-ray sources, which have a redshift distribution with a median of z∼ 1. Performing a standard likelihood procedure, assuming a constant in comoving coordinates active galactic nuclei (AGN) clustering evolution, the AGN bias evolution model of Basilakos, Plionis & Ragone-Figueroa and the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe5 value of σ8, we find stringent simultaneous constraints in the (Ωm, w) plane, with Ωm= 0.26 ± 0.05, w=−0.93+0.11−0.19.
2BAD: an application to estimate the parental contributions during two independent admixture events
Authors: BRAY T. C. , SOUSA V. C. , PARREIRA B. , BRUFORD M. W. , CHIKHI L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSeveral approaches have been developed to calculate the relative contributions of parental populations in single admixture event scenarios, including Bayesian methods. In many breeds and populations, it may be more realistic to consider multiple admixture events. However, no approach has been developed to date to estimate admixture in such cases. This report describes a program application, 2BAD (for 2‐event Bayesian ADmixture), which allows the consideration of up to two independent admixture events involving two or three parental populations and a single admixed population, depending on the number of populations sampled. For each of these models, it is possible to estimate several parameters (admixture, effective sizes, etc.) using an approximate Bayesian computation approach. In addition, the program allows comparing pairs of admixture models, determining which is the most likely given data. The application was tested through simulations and was found to provide good estimates for the contribution of the populations at the two admixture events. We were also able to determine whether an admixture model was more likely than a simple split model.
Novel set of multiplex assays (SalPrint15) for efficient analysis of 15 microsatellite loci of contemporary samples of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: OLAFSSON KRISTINN , HJORLEIFSDOTTIR SIGRIDUR , PAMPOULIE CHRISTOPHE , HREGGVIDSSON GUDMUNDUR OLI , GUDJONSSON SIGURDUR 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe report the development of new PCR assays and loading panels for the Atlantic salmon using 15 microsatellite loci. A total of 8, 3 and 4 loci were coamplified in three separate PCRs using labelled primers and loaded on the ABI DNA analyzer in two separate panels. Amplified alleles were clearly typed, and easily interpretable results were obtained. The method was successfully applied in different laboratories, even when different types of DNA polymerase were employed. The method is useful for analysing paternity, population genetics and conservation as well as for selective breeding programmes.
Methods for MHC genotyping in non‐model vertebrates
Authors: BABIK W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGenes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are considered a paradigm of adaptive evolution at the molecular level and as such are frequently investigated by evolutionary biologists and ecologists. Accurate genotyping is essential for understanding of the role that MHC variation plays in natural populations, but may be extremely challenging. Here, I discuss the DNA‐based methods currently used for genotyping MHC in non‐model vertebrates, as well as techniques likely to find widespread use in the future. I also highlight the aspects of MHC structure that are relevant for genotyping, and detail the challenges posed by the complex genomic organization and high sequence variation of MHC loci. Special emphasis is placed on designing appropriate PCR primers, accounting for artefacts and the problem of genotyping alleles from multiple, co‐amplifying loci, a strategy which is frequently necessary due to the structure of the MHC. The suitability of typing techniques is compared in various research situations, strategies for efficient genotyping are discussed and areas of likely progress in future are identified. This review addresses the well established typing methods such as the Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP), Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), Reference Strand Conformational Analysis (RSCA) and cloning of PCR products. In addition, it includes the intriguing possibility of direct amplicon sequencing followed by the computational inference of alleles and also next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies; the latter technique may, in the future, find widespread use in typing complex multilocus MHC systems.
Reactivity of white blood cell flux to hyperoxia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Resch Hemma , Garhöfer Gerhard , Dejaco‐Ruhswurm Irene , Kiss Barbara , Wedrich Andreas , Schmetterer Leopold , Rainer Georg 
Published: October 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  The aetiology of the apparently vasoocclusive phenomena in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐related retinopathy is not well understood. Several hypotheses, including infectious damage of the retinal vasculature and altered retinal haemodynamics, have been postulated. Direct measurement of oxygen tension in the retina is not possible in vivo and indirect methods have to be employed. The objective of this study was to investigate the retinal vascular response to 100% oxygen breathing in patients with HIV.Methods:  Twelve patients infected with HIV and 12 healthy individuals, matched for age, sex and smoking habits, were studied in an open study using the blue‐field entoptic technique for the measurement of retinal white blood cell (WBC) flux. Reactivity in retinal blood flow during 100% O2 breathing over 15 min was measured and expressed as percentage change over baseline.Results:  WBC velocity during oxygen inhalation decreased over baseline by 9.0 ± 5.8% in HIV‐infected patients and by 18.6 ± 5.4% in healthy participants (p < 0.04 between groups, anova). The decrease in WBC velocity was paralleled by a decrease in WBC density. This decrease tended to be more pronounced in healthy participants (13.6 ± 7.9%) than in HIV‐infected patients (8.0 ± 10.8%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.1 between groups, anova). WBC flux decrease was 16.2 ± 11.4% in HIV‐infected patients and 29.5 ± 9.5% in the control group and was significant between groups (p = 0.007 between groups, anova).Conclusion:  Our results indicate a reduced reactivity of WBC flux to systemic hyperoxia in patients with HIV. Whether abnormal retinal haemodynamics in HIV‐infected persons contributes to the pathogenesis of HIV‐related microvascular diseases or is a consequence of the structural changes associated with the disease is unknown.
Oncocytic lesions of the ophthalmic region: a clinicopathological study with emphasis on cytokeratin expression
Authors: Østergaard Jens , Prause Jan U. , Heegaard Steffen 
Published: October 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  This study aimed to make a nationwide clinicopathological study of oncocytic lesions in the ophthalmic region and to characterize their cytokeratin (CK) expression.Methods:  All histologically diagnosed oncocytic lesions in the ophthalmic region registered in Denmark over a 25‐year period were collected and re‐evaluated using a monoclonal antimitochondrial antibody (MU213‐UC). Clinical data were registered. Immunohistochemical characterization was performed with a panel of anti‐CK antibodies.Results:  A total of 34 oncocytic lesions were identified and reviewed. The incidence that required surgical intervention in the Danish population could be approximated to 0.3 lesions per million capita per year. Patient ages ranged from 45 years to 89 years, with a peak incidence in the eighth decade. Female patients were twice as common as male. Lesions were typically described as red–brown, cystic and slow‐growing. The antimitochondrial antibody MU213‐UC produced a distinct and intense immunostaining of all oncocytic lesions and was found to be useful in substantiating oncocytic differentiation. Twenty‐six of the lesions originated in the caruncle, three in the conjunctiva, two in the lacrimal sac, one at the semilunar plica, one on the eyelid margin and one peripunctally. Lesions were histologically classified as adenoma (oncocytoma) (26), hyperplasia (4) and metaplasia (4). Fourteen oncocytic lesions representing different locations and differentiation were further evaluated for CK expression. Basal‐type oncocytic cells reacted with antibodies against CK 5/6, CK 7, CK 8, CK 13, CK 14, CK 17, CK 18 and CK 19, and suprabasal cells with CK 4, CK 7, CK 8, CK 18 and CK 19. Antibodies against CK 1+10 and CK 20 showed no reaction.Conclusions:  Oncocytic lesions of the ophthalmic region most frequently present as caruncular oncocytomas. The CK profile is similar to the lacrimal‐ and accessory lacrimal gland duct elements and supports the theory that these lesions originate in the lacrimal‐ and accessory lacrimal glands.
Erythropoietin and iron therapy in patients with renal failure
Authors: DEL VECCHIO LUCIA , LOCATELLI FRANCESCO 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYAnemia, which is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), may significantly impair quality of life, increase cardiovascular risk and reduce long‐term survival if left untreated. Today, erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) are the main tool for anemia correction; they can be differentiated on the basis of mean serum half life on short‐ and long‐acting molecules, the latter requiring longer administration intervals. According to international guidelines, the target hemoglobin to be obtained by treatment is between 11 and 12 g/dL. In general, the intravenous route is more convenient for hemodialysis patients, whereas the subcutaneous one is preferable in all other CKD patients. ESA dose requirements are rarely predictable in the individual patient and thus need to be titrated according to hemoglobin increases. In order to achieve ESA effectiveness, patients often need iron supplementation, either orally or intravenously. The intravenous route is the most widely used, especially in hemodialysis patients.
Identification of
P1
Variants of
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
by Use of High-Resolution Melt Analysis
Authors: Schwartz Stephanie B. , Mitchell Stephanie L. , Thurman Kathleen A. , Wolff Bernard J. , Winchell Jonas M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Although two genetically distinct types of
M. pneumoniae
are known, variants of each also exist. We used a real-time PCR high-resolution melt genotyping assay to identify clinical variants which may provide greater insight into the genetic distribution of
M. pneumoniae
strains.
A Targeted Analysis of Cellular Chaperones Reveals Contrasting Roles for Heat Shock Protein 70 in Flock House Virus RNA Replication
Authors: Weeks Spencer A. , Shield William P. , Sahi Chandan , Craig Elizabeth A. , Rospert Sabine , Miller David J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Cytosolic chaperones are a diverse group of ubiquitous proteins that play central roles in multiple processes within the cell, including protein translation, folding, intracellular trafficking, and quality control. These cellular proteins have also been implicated in the replication of numerous viruses, although the full extent of their involvement in viral replication is unknown. We have previously shown that the heat shock protein 40 (hsp40) chaperone encoded by the yeast
YDJ1
gene facilitates RNA replication of flock house virus (FHV), a well-studied and versatile positive-sense RNA model virus. To further explore the roles of chaperones in FHV replication, we examined a panel of 30 yeast strains with single deletions of cytosolic proteins that have known or hypothesized chaperone activity. We found that the majority of cytosolic chaperone deletions had no impact on FHV RNA accumulation, with the notable exception of J-domain-containing hsp40 chaperones, where deletion of
APJ1
reduced FHV RNA accumulation by 60%, while deletion of
ZUO1
,
JJJ1
, or
JJJ2
markedly increased FHV RNA accumulation, by 4- to 40-fold. Further studies using cross complementation and double-deletion strains revealed that the contrasting effects of J domain proteins were reproduced by altering expression of the major cytosolic hsp70s encoded by the
SSA
and
SSB
families and were mediated in part by divergent effects on FHV RNA polymerase synthesis. These results identify hsp70 chaperones as critical regulators of FHV RNA replication and indicate that cellular chaperones can have both positive and negative regulatory effects on virus replication.