bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noble Metal Nanoparticle‐Based Aptasensors: A Powerful Tool for Exosomal Detection
Authors: Sun Jingyu , Hu Wei , Xu Nuo , Makris Jonathan , Spadavecchia Felicia , Wang Hongjun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExosomes, secreted by various types of cells, play a crucial role in cell‐to‐cell communication by transporting essential molecular cargos that largely mirror the pathophysiological attributes of their parent cells. Increasing evidence has shown that exosomes emerge as the reliable early biomarkers for different diseases. Clearly, exosomal detection with a high sensitivity and specificity becomes highly essential to advance the understanding of disease progression and to develop early diagnostic modalities. Among different types of biosensors, aptasensors have received significant attention as the diagnostic tools considering their programmability and targeting ability. Noble metal nanomaterials possess distinctive physicochemical properties, allowing for ready functionalization with aptamers via both physical adsorption and chemical immobilization. By utilizing the aptamers as the recognition elements, noble metal nanoparticle‐based aptasensors offer a promising platform for rapid, cost‐effective, and sensitive in situ detection of exosomes. In this review, the progress will summarized in exosomes as a biomarker for diseases and the recent advances in the use of noble metal nanoparticle/aptamer‐based sensors for analysis of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles.
Detection Strategies for Volatile Fragrance Released from Agricultural Products: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Wang Mengqing , Zhou Yong , Li Xian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe volatile aroma released from agricultural products is closely related to the health status and quality of their growth, thus endowing the related detection with great significance. For example, the dynamic variation of the volatile chemical composition of a banana during the growth process can reflect its ripeness. Also important for quality monitoring and storage is to precisely and swiftly identify volatile compounds produced by mildew in rice and wheat. In this endeavor, the current detection technologies such as gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry method (GC‐MS) cannot meet the pressing needs of smart agriculture in terms of real‐time monitoring, cost‐effectiveness, sensitivity, and detection speed, thereby necessitating alternative strategies to simultaneously satisfy these requirements. Aiming to provide an overall development trend in this field, this paper summarizes the existing detection technologies including GC‐MS, E‐nose, and sensory analysis with their respective shortcomings and challenges, and then proposes the application prospects. This work can effectively enrich the reliable monitoring methods for volatile agricultural fragrance while promoting the long‐run development of smart agriculture.
Super‐Black Material Created by Plasma Etching Wood
Authors: Cheng Kenneth J. , Feng Dengcheng , Schmidt Luke M. , Turner Michael , Evans Philip D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA super‐black wood with low reflectivity in the UV/Vis range is created by plasma modifying basswood surfaces. Here the super‐black wood is characterized, the process used to make it is described and its possible practical uses are discussed. Wood samples are exposed to oxygen glow‐discharge plasma. Transverse surfaces exposed to high‐energy plasma have a deep‐black velvety appearance. The reflectance of these surfaces is measured and compared with those of commercial super‐black materials. The reflectivity of samples over a narrower wavelength range is measured with a spectrophotometer and converted into lightness values. The microstructure and surface chemistry of super‐black wood are examined using SEM/X‐ray micro‐CT and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. Transverse basswood samples modified with high‐energy plasma have reflectivity averaging 0.68% (300–700 nm). The super‐black color of plasma‐modified wood is retained when it is coated with gold/vanadium alloy indicating structural coloration. Plasma creates a low density, lignin‐enriched surface with deep pits, columns and tangled fibrils; features also found in synthetic super‐black materials. In conclusion, this method of creating a super‐black material by plasma‐modification of basswood does not require a lithography pre‐step, generates no liquid waste and, as is demonstrated here, can be used to prototype luxury consumer products.
VEGF‐FGF Signaling Activates Quiescent CD63+ Liver Stem Cells to Proliferate and Differentiate
Authors: Chen Fei , Zhang Kunshan , Wang Minjun , He Zhiying , Yu Bing , Wang Xin , Pan Xinghua , Luo Yuping , Xu Shoujia , Lau Joseph T.Y. , Han Chunsheng , Shi Yufang , Sun Yi E. , Li Siguang , Hu Yi‐Ping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the liver stem cells (LSCs) holds great promise for new insights into liver diseases and liver regeneration. However, the heterogenicity and plasticity of liver cells have made it controversial. Here, by employing single‐cell RNA‐sequencing technology, transcriptome features of Krt19+ bile duct lineage cells isolated from Krt19CreERT; Rosa26R‐GFP reporter mouse livers are examined. Distinct biliary epithelial cells which include adult LSCs, as well as their downstream hepatocytes and cholangiocytes are identified. Importantly, a novel cell surface LSCs marker, CD63, as well as CD56, which distinguished active and quiescent LSCs are discovered. Cell expansion and bi‐potential differentiation in culture demonstrate the stemness ability of CD63+ cells in vitro. Transplantation and lineage tracing of CD63+ cells confirm their contribution to liver cell mass in vivo upon injury. Moreover, CD63+CD56+ cells are proved to be activated LSCs with vigorous proliferation ability. Further studies confirm that CD63+CD56− quiescent LSCs express VEGFR2 and FGFR1, and they can be activated to proliferation and differentiation through combination of growth factors: VEGF‐A and bFGF. These findings define an authentic adult liver stem cells compartment, make a further understanding of fate regulation on LSCs, and highlight its contribution to liver during pathophysiologic processes.
SH2B1 Defends Against Energy Imbalance, Obesity, and Metabolic Disease via a Paraventricular Hypothalamus→Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Neurocircuit
Authors: Li Yuan , Kim Min‐Hyun , Jiang Lin , Baron Lorelei , Faulkner Latrice D. , Olson David P. , Li Xingyu , Gannot Noam , Li Peng , Rui Liangyou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSH2B1 mutations are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in humans. Global deletion of Sh2b1 results in severe obesity, type 2 diabetes, and MASLD in mice. Neuron‐specific restoration of SH2B1 rescues the obesity phenotype of Sh2b1‐null mice, indicating that the brain is a main SH2B1 target. However, SH2B1 neurocircuits remain elusive. SH2B1‐expressing neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVHSH2B1) and a PVHSH2B1→dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) neurocircuit are identified here. PVHSH2B1 axons monosynaptically innervate DRN neurons. Optogenetic stimulation of PVHSH2B1 axonal fibers in the DRN suppresses food intake. Chronic inhibition of PVHSH2B1 neurons causes obesity. In male and female mice, either embryonic‐onset or adult‐onset deletion of Sh2b1 in PVH neurons causes energy imbalance, obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and MASLD. Ablation of Sh2b1 in the DRN‐projecting PVHSH2B1 subpopulation also causes energy imbalance, obesity, and metabolic disorders. Conversely, SH2B1 overexpression in either total or DRN‐projecting PVHSH2B1 neurons protects against diet‐induced obesity. SH2B1 binds to TrkB and enhances brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Ablation of Sh2b1 in PVHSH2B1 neurons induces BDNF resistance in the PVH, contributing to obesity. In conclusion, these results unveil a previously unrecognized PVHSH2B1→DRN neurocircuit through which SH2B1 defends against obesity by enhancing BDNF/TrkB signaling.
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Alleviates Memory Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease by Enhancing the Astrocytic Autophagy‐Lysosome Pathway
Authors: Yang Qinghu , Yan Chengxiang , Sun Yahan , Xie Zhen , Yang Liang , Jiang Ming , Ni Junjun , Chen Beining , Xu Sen , Yuan Zhaoyue , Wu Yanyan , Liu Xia , Yuan Zengqiang , Bai Zhantao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is strongly linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, it is found that the injection of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), mimicking ECM remodeling, into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) reversed short‐term memory loss and reduced amyloid‐beta (Aβ) deposition in 5xFAD mice. ECM remodeling also reactivated astrocytes, reduced the levels of aggrecan in Aβ plaques, and enhanced astrocyte recruitment to surrounding plaques. Importantly, ECM remodeling enhanced the autophagy‐lysosome pathway in astrocytes, thereby mediating Aβ clearance and alleviating AD pathology. ECM remodeling also promoted Aβ plaque phagocytosis by astrocytes by activating the astrocytic phagocytosis receptor MERTK and promoting astrocytic vesicle circulation. The study identified a cellular mechanism in which ECM remodeling activates the astrocytic autophagy‐lysosomal pathway and alleviates AD pathology. Targeting ECM remodeling may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for AD and serve as a reference for the treatment of this disease.
Small Feature‐Size Transistors Based on Low‐Dimensional Materials: From Structure Design to Nanofabrication Techniques
Authors: Fu Xiaqing , Liu Zhifang , Wang Huaipeng , Xie Dan , Sun Yilin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor several decades after Moore's Law is proposed, there is a continuous effort to reduce the feature‐size of transistors. However, as the size of transistors continues to decrease, numerous challenges and obstacles including severe short channel effects (SCEs) are emerging. Recently, low‐dimensional materials have provided new opportunities for constructing small feature‐size transistors due to their superior electrical properties compared to silicon. Here, state‐of‐the‐art low‐dimensional materials‐based transistors with small feature‐sizes are reviewed. Different from other works that mainly focus on material characteristics of a specific device structure, the discussed topics are utilizing device structure design including vertical structure and nano‐gate structure, and nanofabrication techniques to achieve small feature‐sizes of transistors. A comprehensive summary of these small feature‐size transistors is presented by illustrating their operation mechanism, relevant fabrication processes, and corresponding performance parameters. Besides, the role of small feature‐size transistors based on low‐dimensional materials in further reducing the small footprint is also clarified and their cutting‐edge applications are highlighted. Finally, a comparison and analysis between state‐of‐art transistors is made, as well as a glimpse into the future research trajectory of low dimensional materials‐based small feature‐size transistors is briefly outlined.
Gastrointestinal Permeation Enhancers Beyond Sodium Caprate and SNAC ‐ What is Coming Next?
Authors: Bohley Marilena , Leroux Jean‐Christophe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOral peptide delivery is trending again. Among the possible reasons are the recent approvals of two oral peptide formulations, which represent a huge stride in the field. For the first time, gastrointestinal (GI) permeation enhancers (PEs) are leveraged to overcome the main limitation of oral peptide delivery—low permeability through the intestinal epithelium. Despite some success, the application of current PEs, such as salcaprozate sodium (SNAC), sodium caprylate (C8), and sodium caprate (C10), is generally resulting in relatively low oral bioavailabilities (BAs)—even for carefully selected therapeutics. With several hundred peptide‐based drugs presently in the pipeline, there is a huge unmet need for more effective PEs. Aiming to provide useful insights for the development of novel PEs, this review summarizes the biological hurdles to oral peptide delivery with special emphasis on the epithelial barrier. It describes the concepts and action modes of PEs and mentions possible new targets. It further states the benchmark that is set by current PEs, while critically assessing and evaluating emerging PEs regarding translatability, safety, and efficacy. Additionally, examples of novel PEs under preclinical and clinical evaluation and future directions are discussed.
Ultrafast Opto‐Electronic and Thermal Tuning of Third‐Harmonic Generation in a Graphene Field Effect Transistor
Authors: Ghaebi Omid , Klimmer Sebastian , Tornow Nele , Buijssen Niels , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Tomadin Andrea , Rostami Habib , Soavi Giancarlo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGraphene is a unique platform for tunable opto‐electronic applications thanks to its linear band dispersion, which allows electrical control of resonant light‐matter interactions. Tuning the nonlinear optical response of graphene is possible both electrically and in an all‐optical fashion, but each approach involves a trade‐off between speed and modulation depth. Here, lattice temperature, electron doping, and all‐optical tuning of third‐harmonic generation are combined in a hexagonal boron nitride‐encapsulated graphene opto‐electronic device and demonstrate up to 85% modulation depth along with gate‐tunable ultrafast dynamics. These results arise from the dynamic changes in the transient electronic temperature combined with Pauli blocking induced by the out‐of‐equilibrium chemical potential. The work provides a detailed description of the transient nonlinear optical and electronic response of graphene, which is crucial for the design of nanoscale and ultrafast optical modulators, detectors, and frequency converters.
Halogenated Dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline Units Constructed 2D‐Conjugated Guest Acceptors for 19% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Jingshun , Bai Hairui , Li Ping , Zhou Yibo , Su Wenyan , Liu Chang , Li Xiaoxiao , Wu Yue , Hu Bin , Liang Zezhou , Bi Zhaozhao , Li Xiong , Yan Lihe , Du Huiling , Lu Guanghao , Gao Chao , Wang Kun , Liu Yuhang , Ma Wei , Fan Qunping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHalogenation of Y‐series small‐molecule acceptors (Y‐SMAs) is identified as an effective strategy to optimize photoelectric properties for achieving improved power‐conversion‐efficiencies (PCEs) in binary organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the effect of different halogenation in the 2D‐structured large π‐fused core of guest Y‐SMAs on ternary OSCs has not yet been systematically studied. Herein, four 2D‐conjugated Y‐SMAs (X‐QTP‐4F, including halogen‐free H‐QTP‐4F, chlorinated Cl‐QTP‐4F, brominated Br‐QTP‐4F, and iodinated I‐QTP‐4F) by attaching different halogens into 2D‐conjugation extended dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline core are developed. Among these X‐QTP‐4F, Cl‐QTP‐4F has a higher absorption coefficient, optimized molecular crystallinity and packing, suitable cascade energy levels, and complementary absorption with PM6:L8‐BO host. Moreover, among ternary PM6:L8‐BO:X‐QTP‐4F blends, PM6:L8‐BO:Cl‐QTP‐4F obtains a more uniform and size‐suitable fibrillary network morphology, improved molecular crystallinity and packing, as well as optimized vertical phase distribution, thus boosting charge generation, transport, extraction, and suppressing energy loss of OSCs. Consequently, the PM6:L8‐BO:Cl‐QTP‐4F‐based OSCs achieve a 19.0% efficiency, which is among the state‐of‐the‐art OSCs based on 2D‐conjugated Y‐SMAs and superior to these devices based on PM6:L8‐BO host (17.70%) and with guests of H‐QTP‐4F (18.23%), Br‐QTP‐4F (18.39%), and I‐QTP‐4F (17.62%). The work indicates that halogenation in 2D‐structured dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline core of Y‐SMAs guests is a promising strategy to gain efficient ternary OSCs.
N‐Doping Donor‐Dilute Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells to Weaken Donor: Acceptor Miscibility and Consolidate Donor‐Phase Continuity
Authors: Xie Jiaqi , Lin Weihua , Zheng Kaibo , Liang Ziqi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLightweight and semi‐transparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) offer bright promise for applications such as building integrated photovoltaics. Diluting donor content in bulk‐heterojunction active layers to allow greater visible light transmittance (AVT) effectively enhances device transparency, yet the ineluctable compromise of the donor‐phase continuity is challenging for efficient charge transport. Herein, a trace amount of n‐type N‐DMBI dopant is incorporated, which facilitates the donor:acceptor (D:A) de‐mixing by strengthening both acceptor polarity and D/A crystallization. With the diminution of component inter‐mixing, the limited number of donors increasingly self‐aggregate to establish the more continuous phases. For the benchmark PM6:Y6‐based ST‐OSCs, when the donor content is reduced from regular 45 to optimal 30 wt.%, the device AVT is remarkably raised by more than a quarter, accompanied by a marginal drop in power conversion efficiency from 13.89% to 13.03%. This study reveals that by decreasing the donor content to <30 wt%, acceptor excitons induced by Förster resonance energy transfer are prone to severe radiative recombination. This is nonetheless mitigated by dopant inclusion within the acceptor phase by providing extra energy offset and prolonging charge transfer state lifetime to assist exciton dissociation.
Ultrahigh Electrode Performance of Low‐Loaded Iridium Jagged Nanotubes for Water Electrolysis Applications
Authors: Kim Jun , Kwon Taehyun , Lee Jaeseung , Lee Hyun Ju , Jun Minki , Ham Hyung Chul , Ju Hyunchul , Kim Sangwon , Kim Jin Young 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHighly active Ir electrocatalysts based on ultralow loading for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) applications are desirable to achieve gigawatt production levels. However, no clear direction has been developed yet to achieve that scale. Here, newly‐synthesized Ir‐based jagged nanotubes (J‐IrNTs) with the ultrahigh electrode performance of 10 A mgIr−1 at 1.6 V in a PEMWE cell at Ir loadings as low as 0.05 mgIr cm−2 are reported, outperforming previously reported Ir‐based electrocatalysts. The Ir‐JrNT also exhibits only marginal degradation in stability tests. Notably, the resulting electrode of Ir‐JrNT provides enhanced intrinsic catalytic activity and high surface area for efficient electrocatalysis, with hierarchical branching composed of interconnected multiscale channels and highly corrugated surface textures, for facile mass transport. The findings demonstrate that the jagged nanotubular structure is a promising approach for overcoming the limitations associated with Ir‐based electrocatalysts and developing sustainable advanced PEMWE.
Prussian Blue Analogues for Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Progress and Commercialization Assessment
Authors: Yao Hao , Gao Yun , Lin Xihao , Zhang Hang , Li Li , Chou Shulei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAqueous sodium‐ion batteries (ASIBs) are a compelling option for energy storage systems due to their high ionic conductivity, excellent cycle stability, high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, ASIBs present challenges because of low energy density and lack of suitable cathode materials, which limit their practical deployment. Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are metal‐organic coordination materials that have open frameworks, making sodium ions easier to insert and extract. Their excellent stability and high specific capacity in aqueous electrolytes make them an attractive choice for ASIBs cathode materials. In this review, the research progress on PBAs as cathodes for ASIBs is discussed. Their crystal structure and sodium storage mechanism are elucidated, and strategies to improve the performance of PBAs are summarized in depth at the material level. New insights are put forward aiming to provide ideas for improving cycling performance, avoiding electrode dissolution, and improving energy density of PBAs for ASIBs. In addition, the performance and current issues of full cells are summarized and discussed to evaluate the commercialization potential of ASIBs, providing an outlook on research directions in the development of high‐performance aqueous batteries in grid‐scale applications.
Bibliometric analysis of management practices in US corn (1990–2020)
Authors: Sinha Namita , Dhillon Jagmandeep Singh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBibliometric analysis explores large volume of scientific data, revealing trends and insights in a specific research field. Consistently, a bibliometric analysis of 30 years (1990–2020) was performed within the US corn (Zea maysL.) production using the Scopus database and VOSviewer. Search query was performed within the article title, abstract, and keywords indicative of management practices in corn. Exclusion criterion based on subject area and journals generated a total of 7468 publications. The data analysis revealed contributions from 7327 authors and 47 organizations documented in 69 journals. The top five organizations leading the investigation were United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Iowa State University, University of Nebraska, University of Illinois, and Purdue University. The most prolific authors were Dr. Rattan Lal (Ohio State University, Columbus, OH), Dr. Douglas L. Karlen (USDA‐ARS, Ames, IA), Dr. Kenneth G. Cassman (University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE), Dr. Lajpat Rai Ahuja (USDA‐ARS, Ft. Collins, CO), and Dr. John Walsh Doran (USDA‐ARS, Lincoln, NE). Journals with most publications wereAgronomy Journal;Soil Science Society of America Journal;Soil and Tillage Research; Crop Science; andAgriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. Furthermore, author keywords differed from queried keywords, and no‐till, nitrogen, cover crop, soybean, irrigation, phosphorus, conservation tillage, yield, and water quality were most prominent. Moreover, there was an evident shift in keywords and an observed trend between 1998 and 2020. Overall, these findings allow researchers to explore network maps via the hyperlinks present in papers, identifying research gaps and advancing original studies to bridge gaps in the literature.
Impact of definitive surgery for esophageal atresia on long‐term outcomes in patients with trisomy 18
Authors: Tamaki Shoko , Iwatani Sota , Ikuta Toshihiko , Takeoka Emiko , Matsui Sachiko , Mimura Hitomi , Yokoi Akiko , Hatakeyama Tadashi , Yoshimoto Seiji , Nakao Hideto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the long‐term outcomes of palliative and definitive surgeries for esophageal atresia (EA) in patients with trisomy 18 syndrome. A retrospective study included 25 cases undergoing EA surgery at our center between 2008 and 2022. The Palliative group (n = 16) comprised 13 cases with esophageal banding and 3 with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) division. The Definitive group (n = 9) included 5 cases with primary repair and 4 with staged repair following TEF division. The patient characteristics exhibited no significant differences between the groups. In the Definitive group, 56% (5/9) were successfully weaned off mechanical ventilation, compared with none in the Palliative group (p = 0.002). Survival‐to‐discharge rates were 31% (5/16) in the Palliative group and 67% (6/9) in the Definitive group. Home ventilator management was required for all 5 cases that required ventilation in the Palliative group, whereas only 17% (1/6) in the Definitive group needed it. The Palliative group also required continuous oral suction for persistent saliva removal, with two cases undergoing laryngotracheal separation. Overall, definitive surgery for EA in patients with trisomy 18 syndrome may provide enhanced respiratory stability, thereby improving the survival‐to‐discharge rate and overall quality of life for patients and their families.