bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lake and Land at Lindu: Imposition, Accommodation and Contestation in the Revaluation of Resources in Upland Central Sulawesi
Authors: Acciaioli Greg 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article examines how non-local frameworks and interventions have set the parameters of the local exercise of agency in regard to the use and valuing of resources in the upland valley of Lindu. Exploiting opportunities opened up by contemporary interventions, the indigenous To Lindu have revitalised their local custom (adat) as a community resource management system under the aegis of furthering conservation. This move has elicited various reactions from the migrants who have settled in Lindu in the last five decades. While largely accommodating their practices to customary regulation of fishing in Lake Lindu by the indigenous Lindu adat councils, these migrants have nevertheless continued to contest the imposition of customary restrictions on land ownership and limits on individual cultivation of land. These strategies of imposition of customary regulation by the indigenes and corresponding accommodations and contestations on the part of the migrants are also embedded in divergent definitions of Lindu as a locality, including whether resources should be governed on the model of a commons or open access regimen. The balancing through negotiations of these various valuations of Lindu and its resources — as customary territory, as open access land for development, as an enclave within a national park — will depend not only upon local initiatives, but also upon such external interventions as impending agrarian legislation that may grant national recognition to customary land. However, such external interventions will be complemented by local strategies of imposition, accommodation and contestation in forging new senses of locality.
Generality and Identity in Late Medieval Discussions of the Prior Analytics
Authors: Knuuttila Simo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this article, I shall consider medieval discussions of the principles of Aristotelian syllogistic which were called the dictum de omni et nullo and the expository syllogism. I am particularly interested in how theological questions contributed to the introduction of some influential new medieval ideas, such as the extensional sameness of the subject as the basis of predication, the interpretation of the expository syllogism from this point of view, and the explication of the logical subject of universal and particular syllogistic premises with the phrase ‘Anything/something which is A. . .’. I end with some remarks about the increasing medieval awareness that these developments were beyond Aristotle’s purview.
A Case Study on the Impact of Moisture Variability on Convection Initiation Using Radar Refractivity Retrievals
Authors: Bodine D. , Heinselman P. L. , Cheong B. L. , Palmer R. D. , Michaud D. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A case study illustrating the impact of moisture variability on convection initiation in a synoptically active environment without strong moisture gradients is presented. The preconvective environment on 30 April 2007 nearly satisfied the three conditions for convection initiation: moisture, instability, and a low-level lifting mechanism. However, a sounding analysis showed that a low-level inversion layer and high LFC would prevent convection initiation because the convective updraft velocities required to overcome the convective inhibition (CIN) were much higher than updraft velocities typically observed in convergence zones. Radar refractivity retrievals from the Twin Lakes, Oklahoma (KTLX), Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) showed a moisture pool contributing up to a 2°C increase in dewpoint temperature where the initial storm-scale convergence was observed. The analysis of the storm-relative wind field revealed that the developing storm ingested the higher moisture associated with the moisture pool. Sounding analyses showed that the moisture pool reduced or nearly eliminated CIN, lowered the LFC by about 500 m, and increased CAPE by 2.5 times. Thus, these small-scale moisture changes increased the likelihood of convection initiation within the moisture pool by creating a more favorable thermodynamic environment. The results suggest that refractivity data could improve convection initiation forecasts by assessing moisture variability at finer scales than the current observation network.
Can CAPE Maintain Polar Lows?
Authors: Linders Torsten , Saetra Øyvind 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A unique dataset of atmospheric observations over the Nordic Seas has been analyzed to investigate the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) for the energetics of polar lows. The observations were made during the flight campaign of the Norwegian International Polar Year (IPY) and The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) in February and March 2008, which specifically targeted polar lows. The data reveal virtually no conditional instability and very limited CAPE. It is suggested that the significance of CAPE values should be assessed by calculating the time scale tCAPE that is necessary for the heat fluxes from the ocean to transfer the corresponding amount of energy. Even the largest CAPE values have a tCAPE of less than 1 h. These CAPE values are associated with unconditional instability. It is concluded that the observed CAPE should be seen as a temporary stage in an energy flux rather than as an energy reservoir. Based on the findings in this investigation, it is proposed that significant reservoirs of CAPE over the marine Arctic atmosphere are impossible since CAPE production will automatically trigger convection and CAPE is consumed as it is produced.
The Impact of Ocean Data Assimilation on Seasonal-to-Interannual Forecasts: A Case Study of the 2006 El Niño Event
Authors: Yang Shu-Chih , Rienecker Michele , Keppenne Christian 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of four different ocean analyses on coupled forecasts of the 2006 El Niño event. Forecasts initialized in June 2006 using ocean analyses from an assimilation that uses flow-dependent background error covariances are compared with those using static error covariances that are not flow dependent. The flow-dependent error covariances reflect the error structures related to the background ENSO instability and are generated by the coupled breeding method.
The ocean analyses used in this study result from the assimilation of temperature and salinity, with the salinity data available from Argo floats. Of the analyses, the one using information from the coupled bred vector (BV) replicates the observed equatorial long wave propagation best and exhibits more warming features leading to the 2006 El Niño event.
The forecasts initialized from the BV-based analysis agree best with the observations in terms of the growth of the warm anomaly through two warming phases. This better performance is related to the impact of the salinity analysis on the state evolution in the equatorial thermocline. The early warming is traced back to salinity differences in the upper ocean of the equatorial central Pacific, while the second warming, corresponding to the mature phase, is associated with the effect of the salinity assimilation on the depth of the thermocline in the western equatorial Pacific. The series of forecast experiments conducted here show that the structure of the salinity in the initial conditions is important to the forecasts of the extension of the warm pool and the evolution of the 2006 El Niño event.
Tropical Cyclone– and Monsoon-Induced Rainfall Variability in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Jau-Ming , Li Tim , Shih Ching-Feng 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
This study investigates the interannual variability of tropical cyclone (TC)- and monsoon-induced rainfall (P) in Taiwan during July–September for the period 1950–2002. To examine the relative effects of TCs and monsoons, local rainfall in Taiwan is separated into two subcomponents: TC rainfall (PTC) and seasonal monsoon rainfall (PSM). The former is induced by TC passage across Taiwan, while the later is caused by large-scale monsoon circulation.
Climatologically, PTC and PSM accounts for 47.5% and 52.5% of total rainfall in Taiwan, respectively, showing a comparable contribution. On an interannual time scale, PTC and PSM anomalies tend to vary inversely. Two dominant rainfall variability types are found in Taiwan: enhanced PTC but suppressed PSM (T+S−) and suppressed PTC but enhanced PSM (T−S+). The T+S− type features a low-level anomalous cyclone and enhanced upward motion southeast of Taiwan. This favorable environmental condition leads to more TC formation in the region. TCs are further steered by mean southeasterly flows toward Taiwan to increase PTC (T+). As Taiwan is located in the western boundary of the anomalous cyclone, anomalous northeasterly water vapor fluxes hinder moisture supplies from the South China Sea into Taiwan, resulting in decreased PSM (S−). The T−S+ type concurs with an anomalous cyclone over Taiwan. Its center enhances upward motion and moisture fluxes from the South China Sea into Taiwan, yielding increased PSM (S+). Meanwhile, weak relative vorticity anomalies occur to the southeast of Taiwan, suppressing TC formation in the region. Mean southerly steering flows tend to drive more TCs toward Japan and the North Pacific, resulting in decreased TC frequency and PTC in Taiwan (T−).
The present approach provides a new perspective for studying and predicting interannual rainfall variability via the separation of rainfall into TC- and monsoon-induced rainfall subcomponents, rather than looking solely at total rainfall. The result shows that there are two ways to significantly increase total rainfall in Taiwan (T+S− and T−S+), but there is only one way to decrease it (T−S−). The composites of circulation anomalies based on two rainfall indexes have more significant and coherent dynamic patterns than those sorted based on the total rainfall index.
Surface Flux Observations on the Southeastern Tropical Pacific Ocean and Attribution of SST Errors in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Models
Authors: de Szoeke Simon P. , Fairall Christopher W. , Wolfe Daniel E. , Bariteau Ludovic , Zuidema Paquita 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A new dataset synthesizes in situ and remote sensing observations from research ships deployed to the southeastern tropical Pacific stratocumulus region for 7 years in boreal fall. Surface meteorology, turbulent and radiative fluxes, aerosols, cloud properties, and rawinsonde profiles were measured on nine ship transects along 20°S from 75° to 85°W. Fluxes at the ocean surface are essential to the equilibrium SST. Solar radiation is the only warming net heat flux, with 180–200 W m−2 in boreal fall. The strongest cooling is evaporation (60–100 W m−2), followed by net thermal infrared radiation (30 W m−2) and sensible heat flux (&lt;10 W m−2). The 70 W m−2 imbalance of heating at the surface reflects the seasonal SST tendency and some 30 W m−2 cooling that is mostly due to ocean transport.
Coupled models simulate significant SST errors in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Three different observation-based gridded ocean surface flux products agree with ship and buoy observations, while fluxes simulated by 15 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 [CMIP3; used for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report] general circulation models have relatively large errors. This suggests the gridded observation-based flux datasets are sufficiently accurate for verifying coupled models. Longwave cooling and solar warming are correlated among model simulations, consistent with cloud radiative forcing and low cloud amount differences. In those simulations with excessive solar heating, elevated SST also results in larger evaporation and longwave cooling to compensate for the solar excess. Excessive turbulent heat fluxes (10–90 W m−2 cooling, mostly evaporation) are the largest errors in simulations once the compensation between solar and longwave radiation is taken into account. In addition to excessive solar warming and evaporation, models simulate too little oceanic residual cooling in the southeastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
The Baroclinic Adjustment of Time-Dependent Shear Flows
Authors: Poulin Francis J. , Flierl Glenn R. , Pedlosky Joseph 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Motivated by the fact that time-dependent currents are ubiquitous in the ocean, this work studies the two-layer Phillips model on the beta plane with baroclinic shear flows that are steady, periodic, or aperiodic in time to understand their nonlinear evolution better. When a linearly unstable basic state is slightly perturbed, the primary wave grows exponentially until nonlinear advection adjusts the growth. Even though for long time scales these nearly two-dimensional motions predominantly cascade energy to large scales, for relatively short times the wave–mean flow and wave–wave interactions cascade energy to smaller horizontal length scales. The authors demonstrate that the manner through which these mechanisms excite the harmonics depends significantly on the characteristics of the basic state. Time-dependent basic states can excite harmonics very rapidly in comparison to steady basic states. Moreover, in all the simulations of aperiodic baroclinic shear flows, the barotropic component of the primary wave continues to grow after the adjustment by the nonlinearities. Furthermore, the authors find that the correction to the zonal mean flow can be much larger when the basic state is aperiodic compared to the periodic or steady limits. Finally, even though time-dependent baroclinic shear on an f plane is linearly stable, the authors show that perturbations can grow algebraically in the linear regime because of the erratic variations in the aperiodic flow. Subsequently, baroclinicity adjusts the growing wave and creates a final state that is more energetic than the nonlinear adjustment of any of the unstable steady baroclinic shears that are considered.
Association Between Mechanical Axis of the Leg and Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee
Authors: Jacobi Matthias , Wahl Peter , Bouaicha Samy , Jakob Roland P. , Gautier Emanuel 
Published: March 2010

Background: The cause of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is unknown, but mechanical factors seem to play a role. Purpose: To identify a relationship between localization of OCD and mechanical axis of the leg. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Using bilateral full-leg standing radiographs, we analyzed the position of the mechanical axis of the leg in a group of 93 adolescent and adult patients (103 knees) with OCD of the medial or lateral femoral condyle. Results: The location of OCD and the position of the mechanical axis in the same knee compartment was significantly correlated for both knees with medial ( P < .001) as well as lateral ( P < .012) compartment OCD. In the medial OCD group, the mean mechanical axis was located in the medial knee compartment (28% medial ± 2.8%; range, 100% medial to 14% lateral) with a statistically insignificant medial shift with respect to the unaffected side. In lateral OCD, the mean mechanical axis was located laterally (13% lateral ± 3.9%; range, 13% medial to 60% lateral) with a significant shift from the medial into the lateral knee compartment when comparing unaffected with affected knees. No significant difference was observed between adolescents with open growth plates compared with adults with closed growth plates ( P > .05). Conclusion: We found an association between medial condyle OCD and varus axis and between lateral condyle OCD and valgus axis. This evokes higher loading of the affected than of the unaffected knee compartment, and therefore, axial alignment may be a cofactor in OCD of the femoral condyles.
IKDC or KOOS
Authors: Hambly Karen , Griva Konstandina 
Published: March 2010

Background: Knee-specific patient-reported outcome measures are frequently used after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction but little is known about whether they measure outcomes important to patients. Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify which instrument, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) or the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC), captures symptoms and disabilities most important to patients who have undergone initial anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data were collected from 126 participants of an Internet knee forum. A self-reported online questionnaire was developed consisting of demographic and surgical data, the Tegner Activity Scale, and 49 consolidated items from the KOOS and the IKDC. Item importance, frequency, and frequency-importance product were calculated. Results: Seventy-eight percent of the items from the IKDC were experienced by more than half of the patients, compared with 57% from the KOOS. Items extracted from the Function in Sports/Recreation and Quality of Life KOOS subscales were highly important to this group of patients. For patients 12 months or more after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 94% of the IKDC items had a frequency-importance product of 1 or less compared with 86% of the KOOS items. Conclusion: Overall, the IKDC items outperformed the KOOS items on all of the 5 criteria with the exception of the frequency-importance product for patients who were 12 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The KOOS Function in Sports/Recreation and Knee-Related Quality of Life subscales outperformed the IKDC for the total cohort as well as for male and female subgroups. However, differences in individual items were not always evident from either total scale or subscale ratings. Studies should use patient-reported outcomes that reflect patients’ most important concerns and further prospective longitudinal research is required in this area.
Synergism between platelet collagen receptors defined using receptor-specific collagen-mimetic peptide substrata in flowing blood
Authors: Pugh Nicholas , Simpson Anna M. C. , Smethurst Peter A. , de Groot Philip G. , Raynal Nicolas , Farndale Richard W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractExposed subendothelial collagen acts as a substrate for platelet adhesion and thrombus formation after vascular injury. Synthetic collagen-derived triple-helical peptides, designated collagen-related peptide (CRP), GFOGER, and VWF-III, can specifically engage the platelet collagen receptors, glycoprotein VI and integrin α2β1, and plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF), respectively. Hitherto, the role of these 3 collagen-binding axes has been studied indirectly. Use of these uniform peptide substrates, rather than collagen fibers, provides independent control of each axis. Here, we use confocal imaging and novel image analysis techniques to investigate the effects of receptor-ligand engagement on platelet binding and activation during thrombus formation under flow conditions. At low shear (100s−1 and 300s−1), both GFOGER and CRP are required for thrombus formation. At 1000s−1, a combination of either CRP or GFOGER with VWF-III induces comparable thrombus formation, and VWF-III increases thrombus deposition at all shear rates, being indispensable at 3000s−1. A combination of CRP and VWF-III is sufficient to support extensive platelet deposition at 3000s−1, with slight additional effect of GFOGER. Measurement of thrombus height after specific receptor blockade or use of altered proportions of peptides indicates a signaling rather than adhesive role for glycoprotein VI, and primarily adhesive roles for both α2β1 and the VWF axis.
17-DMAG targets the nuclear factor-κB family of proteins to induce apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clinical implications of HSP90 inhibition
Authors: Hertlein Erin , Wagner Amy J. , Jones Jeffrey , Lin Thomas S. , Maddocks Kami J. , Towns William H. , Goettl Virginia M. , Zhang Xiaoli , Jarjoura David , Raymond Chelsey A. , West Derek A. , Croce Carlo M. , Byrd John C. , Johnson Amy J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The HSP90 client chaperone interaction stabilizes several important enzymes and antiapoptotic proteins, and pharmacologic inhibition of HSP90 results in rapid client protein degradation. Therefore, HSP90 inhibition is an attractive therapeutic approach when this protein is active, a phenotype commonly observed in transformed but not normal cells. However, preclinical studies with HSP90 inhibitors such as 17-AAG demonstrated depletion of only a subset of client proteins and very modest tumor cytotoxicity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Herein, we describe another HSP90 inhibitor, 17-DMAG, which is cytotoxic to CLL but not normal lymphocytes. Treatment with 17-DMAG leads to depletion of the HSP90 client protein IKK, resulting in diminished NF-κB p50/p65 DNA binding, decreased NF-κB target gene transcription, and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, treatment with 17-DMAG significantly decreased the white blood cell count and prolonged the survival in a TCL1-SCID transplant mouse model. The ability of 17-DMAG to function as an NF-κB inhibitor is of great interest clinically, as few currently available CLL drugs target this transcription factor. Therefore, the effect of 17-DMAG on NF-κB signaling pathways represents a novel therapy warranting further clinical pursuit in this and other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
Overexpression of transforming growth factor-β1 in fetal monkey lung results in prenatal pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Tarantal A.F. , Chen H. , Shi T.T. , Lu C-H. , Fang A.B. , Buckley S. , Kolb M. , Gauldie J. , Warburton D. , Shi W. 
Published: March 2010

Altered transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression levels have been linked to a variety of human respiratory diseases, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary fibrosis. However, a causative role for aberrant TGF-β in neonatal lung diseases has not been defined in primates.Exogenous and transient TGF-β1 overexpression in fetal monkey lung was achieved by transabdominal ultrasound-guided fetal intrapulmonary injection of adenoviral vector expressing TGF-β1 at the second or third trimester of pregnancy. The lungs were then harvested near term, and fixed for histology and immunohistochemistry.Lung hypoplasia was observed where TGF-β1 was overexpressed during the second trimester. The most clearly marked phenotype consisted of severe pulmonary and pleural fibrosis, which was independent of the gestational time point when TGF-β1 was overexpressed. Increased cell proliferation, particularly in α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts, was detected within the fibrotic foci. But epithelium to mesenchyme transdifferentiation was not detected. Massive collagen fibres were deposited on the inner and outer sides of the pleural membrane, with an intact elastin layer in the middle. This induced fibrotic pathology persisted even after adenoviral-mediated TGF-β1 overexpression was no longer evident.Therefore, overexpression of TGF-β1 within developing fetal monkey lung results in severe and progressive fibrosis in lung parenchyma and pleural membrane, in addition to pulmonary hypoplasia.