bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Study of Oxaliplatin, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin With or Without PTK787/ZK 222584 in Patients With Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Van Cutsem Eric , Bajetta Emilio , Valle Juan , Köhne Claus-Henning , Randolph Hecht J. , Moore Malcolm , Germond Colin , Berg William , Chen Bee-Lian , Jalava Tarja , Lebwohl David , Meinhardt Gerold , Laurent Dirk , Lin Edward 
Published: April 2011

Purpose Treatment options for patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are limited, and treatments with differing mechanisms of action are needed. PTK787/ZK 222584 (PTK/ZK) is a novel oral angiogenesis inhibitor with therapeutic potential for the treatment of solid tumors. Methods Patients (N = 855) were randomly assigned to treatment with PTK/ZK or placebo once daily in combination with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX4). Stratification factors included WHO performance status (PS; 0 v 1 to 2) and lactate dehydrogenase ([LDH] ≤ 1.5× the upper limit of normal [ULN] v > 1.5 × ULN). Treatment was given until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was overall survival (OS); secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of PTK/ZK. Results No statistically significant differences were seen between the treatment groups for the overall comparison of OS. With PTK/ZK and placebo, respectively, median OS was 13.1 and 11.9 months (hazard ratio [HR], 1.00; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.16; P = .957). Median PFS was longer with PTK/ZK than with placebo (5.6 and 4.2 months, respectively; HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.96; P = .013). An exploratory, post hoc analysis demonstrated improved PFS in patients with high LDH, regardless of WHO PS (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.83; P < .001). Conclusion PTK/ZK in combination with FOLFOX4 did not improve OS of patients with pretreated mCRC but did improve PFS. The effect of PTK/ZK was more pronounced in patients with high LDH at baseline.
Synthesis and Characterization of Semiconducting Boron-doped Amorphous Carbon Materials Using an Organic Boron Compound as a Precursor
Authors: Inoue Yasunori , Kitano Masaaki , Nakajima Kiyotaka , Hara Michikazu 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Boron-doped amorphous carbon was synthesized by polymerizing naphthalene and triphenylborane with subsequent heat treatment by spark plasma sintering. The boron-doped carbon material has negative Seebeck coefficient (−0.22 mV K−1), which indicates the carbon material functions as an n-type semiconductor.
Hole Transport of a Liquid-crystalline Phenylterthiophene Derivative Exhibiting the Nematic Phase at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Nuita Midori , Sakuda Junji , Hirai Yuki , Funahashi Masahiro , Kato Takashi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A liquid-crystalline phenylterthiophene derivative which exhibits a nematic phase at room temperature has been prepared. The hole mobility in the nematic phase at room temperature reaches 4 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. This value is two orders of magnitude larger than those of amorphous organic semiconductors and comparable to those in the smectic A or C phases of liquid-crystalline semiconductors.
The responses of professional groups to the use of Section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983, as amended by the 2007 Act) in Gloucestershire
Authors: Riley G , Laidlaw J , Pugh D , Freeman E 
Published: April 2011

Background Section 136 (S136) of the Mental Health Act (1983, as amended by the 2007 Act) empowers the police to detain those suspected of being mentally disordered in a public place and to convey them to a place of safety (POS) for further assessment. Gloucestershire has not had a specialist facility for S136 detentions and individuals were taken to the police cells or occasionally A&E departments for assessment. Aims This paper forms one part of three aspects under investigation. Two companion papers by the authors describe the use of S136 using anonymised audit data and the experiences of detainees. The objectives of this paper have been to assess the responses of the different professional groups involved in the process of S136. Method An anonymous postal questionnaire was distributed to eight groups of professionals who were identified as having the potential to be involved in part of the process of a S136 detention. Results were collated and analysed, and formed the basis for a series of follow-up focus groups within groups to explore themes that warranted further investigation. Results An overall response rate of 59% was achieved. Seventy-four per cent of participants thought that there should be an alternative POS to the police station. A&E was thought to be an unsuitable alternative POS, with a psychiatric hospital being the first choice for 58%. Conclusions There is a gap in the expectations of the different agencies involved in the S136 process, which have the potential to be divisive if interagency pathways and agreements are not in place.
Musterstandardarbeitsanweisung Präanalytik/Exemplary standard operation procedure pre-examination/Arbeitsgruppe Richtwerte der Deutschen Vereinten Gesellschaft für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin
Authors: Gurr Eberhard , Arzideh Farhad , Brandhorst Gunnar , Gröning Arndt , Haeckel Rainer , Hoff Torsten , Roggenbuck Lennart , Schumann Gerhard , Wolters Bernd , Wosniok Werner 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
DIN EN ISO 15189 und die Richtlinien der Bundesärztekammer zur Qualitätssicherung laboratoriumsmedizinischer Untersuchungen fordern die Regelung präanalytischer Variablen, um Ergebnisse so vergleichbar wie möglich zu machen. Die Arbeitsgruppe Richtwerte der Deutschen Vereinten Gesellschaft für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin hat eine Musterstandardarbeitsanweisung entworfen, die an die lokalen Gegebenheiten angepasst werden kann. Die Anwendung dieser Standardarbeitsanweisung trägt zur Validität der bei der Überwachung von Referenzintervallen gewonnenen Ergebnisse bei.
Response of biochemical markers of bone turnover to oral glucose load in diseases that affect bone metabolism
Authors: Yavropoulou Maria P , Tomos Konstantinos , Tsekmekidou Xanthippi , Anastasiou Olympia , Zebekakis Pantelis , Karamouzis Michael , Gotzamani-Psarrakou Anna , Chassapopoulou Eleni , Chalkia Panagiota , Yovos John G 
Published: April 2011

ObjectivePostprandial suppression of bone resorption is considered one of the main contributors in the circadian rhythm of bone turnover markers. The aim of this study was to investigate this physiological response of bone tissue in diseases that affect bone metabolism.Patients and methodsIn this study, 118 patients (45 hypothyroid, 40 hyperthyroid, and 33 β-thalassemic patients) and 78 healthy individuals matched for age and body mass index were included. An oral glucose test (75 g glucose) was performed after overnight fasting. Serum levels of procollagen type-I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX), and osteocalcin were assayed at 0, 60, and 120 min.ResultsBaseline values of bone turnover markers were significantly elevated in hyperthyroid and β-thalassemic patients but not in hypothyroid patients compared with the control group. After oral glucose, the levels of β-CTX but not P1NP or osteocalcin were significantly suppressed in all groups (mean change from baseline is 46.9% for β-CTX, 7.9% for P1NP, and 8% for osteocalcin). The percentage change from baseline for β-CTX was significantly augmented in hypothyroidism (52 vs 42%, P=0.009).ConclusionThe preservation or even augmentation of postprandial suppression of bone resorption in diseases that affect bone metabolism through distinct pathogenetic mechanisms suggests the importance of this physiological response to nutrients for the general homeostasis and functional integrity of the skeleton.
Correlation between Deep-Level Defects and Current Collapses in AlGaN/GaN Hetero-Structures Probed by Steady-State Photo-Capacitance Spectroscopy
Authors: Nakano Yoshitaka , Irokawa Yoshihiro , Sumida Yasunobu , Yagi Shuichi , Kawai Hiroji 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWe have investigated a correlation between electronic deep levels and current collapses in AlGaN/GaN hetero-structures by capacitance-voltage and photo-capacitance spectroscopy techniques, using Schottky barrier diodes. Three specific deep levels located at ~2.07, ~2.80, ~3.23eV below the conduction band were found to be significantly enhanced for the severe current collapse. These levels probably originate in Ga vacancies and residual C impurities and are probably responsible for the current collapses of the AlGaN/GaN hetero-structures.
Synthesis of luminescent nanoparticle embedded polymer nanocomposites for scintillation applications
Authors: Rogers Thomas , Han Chenlu , Wagner Brent , Nadler Jason , Kang Zhitao 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTDetecting gamma-ray emission from radionuclides hidden within containers is a significant concern to national security and can be accomplished with scintillating materials such as NaI:Tl, LaBr3:Ce crystals. However, the use of these high quality crystals limits the functionality of the detectors due to their high cost and scalability issues. Therefore the development of more durable, more easily manufactured, and more cost effective scintillating materials is desired. The incorporation of nanophosphors or Quantum Dots (QDs) into a polymer matrix to produce a transparent nanocomposite could potentially provide an alternative method to fabricate scintillating detectors. Embedded in a suitable polymer matrix, nanocomposite detectors may be easily made suitably large for portal monitors. Also, preparation of suitable particle sizes and/or compositions permits selection of a photon wavelength that optimally matches the photodetector response curve to increase the number of photons collected per pulse. In this paper a series of LaF3:Ce nanophosphors with varying doping concentrations (1–30mol%Ce) were synthesized using a chemical precipitation method. Photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation characterizations indicated that the highest luminescent intensity was obtained from the 20%Ce doped sample with a peak emission at 325 nm. The refractive indices of the nanoparticles were identified by index matching measurements. Then an index matched epoxy was selected for incorporation of these nanoparticles to prepare transparent nanocomposite scintillators. In addition, colloidal solutions of CdTe QDs with various emitting colors were synthesized and incorporated into a Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) matrix to make transparent nanocomposites. An initial evaluation of the scintillation behavior of these nanocomposites was evaluated by exposure to gamma rays.
Depth sensing indentation of nanoscale graphene platelets in nanocomposite thin films
Authors: Zandiatashbar Ardavan , Picu Catalin R. , Koratkar Nikhil 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTSignificant improvement of mechanical properties was observed recently in graphene platelet-epoxy nanocomposites relative to unfilled epoxy, such as an increase of the fracture toughness by 50% and dramatic decrease of fatigue crack growth rate. In this work, thin films of 0.1 wt.% of graphene platelet (GPL) – epoxy nanocomposites were fabricated and the nanoscale mechanical properties of the nanocomposite were investigated by nanoindentation. This provides information about the presence of characteristic length scales induced by the microstructure and the strength of the filler-matrix interface.
Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Copolymers derived from Silsesquioxanes or Carborane Building Blocks
Authors: Gadodia Gunjan , Cardoen Gregoire , Simon Yoan , Abe Hiroshi , Coughlin E. Bryan 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTTo explore competitive or cooperative effects novel organic-inorganic hybrid copolymers are being prepared and studied. The use of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), a molecularly precise isotropic comonomer, is being utilized to take advantage of the inherent size scale of these particles, average diameters of 1-2 nm. The organic component selected for study in these hybrid systems are either semi-crystalline or amorphous polymers. The architectures of the hybrid copolymers range from random, to precise block copolymers, as well as telechelic and hemi-telechelic end-functionalized model compounds. The degree of POSS aggregation that occurs is found to be a function of thermal history, and processing conditions. Templating, or arresting, aggregation can be achieved using either crystalline organic polymer scaffolds in the bulk. The second inorganic comonomers for study has been constructed from icosahedral carboranes. Dicarbo-closo-decaboranes have been widely investigated for their thermal stability, chemical resistance, unique geometry, and the high cross-section for the capture of thermal neutrons. While carboranes have been widely incorporated into small molecules, metal complexes, and on a limited basis in polymer systems relatively little work exists relating their unique properties to systems with extended π-conjugation. Details of the syntheses, characterization and performance properties of both sets of hybrid systems will be discussed.
Atomic force microscopy based quantitative mapping of elastic moduli in phase separated polyurethanes and silica reinforced rubbers across the length scales
Authors: Schön Peter , Bagdi Kristóf , Molnár Kinga , Markus Patrick , Dutta Saurabh , Shirazi Morteza , Noordermeer Jacques , Pukánszky Béla , Vancso G. Julius 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIn the work presented here atomic force microscopy (AFM) based mechanical mapping techniques - HarmoniX imaging and Peak Force Tapping - were applied to determine the surface elastic modulus of phase separated polyurethanes and silica reinforced rubbers across the length scales. Segmented polyether polyurethanes (PUs) were prepared with varying stoichiometric ratio of the isocyanate and hydroxyl groups. The effect of molar mass, as well as the type and number of end-groups on their morphology was investigated. Smooth PU samples for AFM imaging were prepared by ultramicrotonomy. The micro phase separated morphology of the phase separated PUs showed characteristic “fingerprint” AFM phase images. Surface modulus values obtained by AFM were compared to bulk modulus values obtained by tensile testing. The moduli were mapped quantitatively with nanoscale resolution and were in excellent agreement for both AFM modes. Surface mean moduli values do not coincide with bulk values obtained via tensile testing which is attributed to fundamentally different averaging procedures and effects that lead to the respective modulus values obtained via surface and volume averaging. EPDM and SBR rubbers and rubber blends thereof were prepared with varying concentrations of silica nanoparticles and studied in order to investigate the effect of different composition on the resulting morphology (filler distribution) and elastic moduli on a specific rubber or rubber blend sample. Elastic moduli of the rubber and rubber blend samples were first measured by bulk tensile testing. The morphology of the rubber samples was visualized by height and phase imaging. Surface elastic moduli of silica reinforced rubbers and rubber blends were mapped quantitatively and compared with bulk tensile test results. AFM allowed the determination of modulus distributions at the sections imaged. As potential reasons for the observed differences between bulk and surface modulus different averaging procedures like surface and bulk averaging of AFM vs. tensile testing, different filler distributions in SBR and EPDM and the AFM modulus calibration procedures can be named.
Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Jute-Biopol Nanophased Green Composites
Authors: Hossain Mohammad K , Dewan Mohammad W , Hosur Mahesh , Jeelani Shaik 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTSurface modification of jute fibers was accomplished by performing chemical treatments including detergent washing, dewaxing, alkali, and acetic acid treatment. Morphology of modified surfaces examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed improved surfaces for better adhesion with matrix. Better thermal performance of treated fibers was found from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Enhanced tensile properties of treated fibers were obtained from tensile tests. Using solution intercalation technique and magnetic stirring, 2%, 3%, and 4% by weight Montmorillonite K10 nanoclay were dispersed into a biodegradable polymer, Biopol. Thermal performance of nanoclay infused Biopol characterized using dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed improved degree of crystallinity by 7%. Jute fiber reinforced Biopol biocomposites with and without nanoclay were manufactured using treated and untreated jute fibers by compression molding process. Thermal and mechanical responses of treated fiber reinforced Biopol composites (TJBC) without nanoclay evaluated using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and flexure tests showed 9% and 12% increase in storage modulus and flexure strength, respectively, compared to untreated jute fiber reinforced composites (UTJBC). The respective values were 100% and 35% for 4% nanoclay infused TJBC compared to UTJBC without nanoclay.
Study ITO@PMMA Composites by Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Arlindo Elen P. S. , Orlandi Marcelo O. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTITO nanowires were synthesized by carbothermal reduction process, using a co-evaporation method, and have controlled size, shape, and chemical composition. The electrical measurements of nanowires showed they have a resistance of about 102 Ω. In order to produce nanocomposites films, nanowires were dispersed in toluene using an ultrasonic cleaner, so the PMMA polymer was added, and the system was kept under agitation up to obtain a clear suspension. The PMMA polymer was filled with 1, 2, 5 and 10 % in weight of nanowires, and the films were done by tape casting. The results showed that the electrical resistance of nanocomposites changed by over 7 orders of magnitude by increasing the amount of filler, and using 5 wt% of filler the composite resistance decreased from 1010 Ω to about 104 Ω, which means that percolation threshold of wires occurred at this concentration. This is an interesting result once for nanocomposites filled with ITO nanoparticles is necessary about 18% in weight to obtain percolation. The addition of filler up to 10 wt% decreased the resistance of the composite to 103 Ω, which is a value close to the resistance of wires. The composites were also analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the TEM results are in agreement with the electrical ones about percolation of nanowires. These results are promising once indicates that is possible to produce conductive and transparent in the visible range films by the addition of ITO nanowires in a polymeric matrix using a simple route.
Low Temperature Phase Diagram of NH3BH3
Authors: Sundqvist Bertil , Andersson Ove , Quwar Issam , Talyzin Alexandr 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe pressure-temperature (p-T) phase diagram of NH3BH3 has been investigated by thermal conductivity measurements up to 1.5 GPa at temperatures between 100 and 300 K, and the phase boundaries between the three known structural phases have been identified. The transformation between the room temperature tetragonal I4mm phase and the low temperature orthorhombic Pmn21 phase (Tc = 218 K at p = 0) shows only a small hysteresis. The transformation into the high pressure orthorhombic Cmc21 phase (at 1.0 GPa near 292 K) has a very strong hysteresis, up to Δp = 0.5 GPa, and below 230 K a fraction of this phase is metastable even at atmospheric pressure.
Optical Coating by Hybrid Sol
Authors: Wang Wei-Hong , Chen Lih-Yue 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe fluorocarbon/SiO2 hybrid sol (L) for low refractive index coating was made by tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and polytetrafluoroethylether derivative(PTFEED) with the hydrolysis and condensation in ethanol to get with coating refractive index as (nL=1.38). It can be coated on glass with single layer by quarter wave, the anti-reflective (AR) coating glass would have less than 3 % reflection. The TiO2 hybrid sol are prepared by tetraisopropyl orthotitanate(TPOT) with silane coupling agent and acrylic resin. The TiO2 hybrid sol with the coating refractive index (nH=1.75) used as high refraction coating sol (H). More acrylic resin added to get less coating refractive index (nM=1.65) used as middle refractive coating sol (M). Three layers AR coating glass can be made by M/H/L design to get 1.0 % reflection, have 3H hardness, 500g scratch resistance, and 107° water contact angle. These two kinds AR coating with fluorocarbon /SiO2 hybrid sol (L) coating on surface has anti-stain efficacy, which can be applied on the touch panel screen of flat panel display for mobile phone, PDA and e-book.
PS-TiO2 Nanocomposites: Thermal Investigations
Authors: Villegas Rafael , Zhai Yun , Xu Hailan , Chipara Dorina Magdalena , Hui David , Lozano Karen , Chipara Mircea 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTNanocomposites of polystyrene loaded with various amounts of anatase (ranging between 0 % wt. and 20 % wt.) have been synthesized and investigated by thermal analysis. The research was focused on the simulation of Thermogravimetric Analysis data, aiming to a refined understanding of the interactions between of polystyrene and TiO2 nanoparticles. The dependence of the first derivative of residual mass on temperature has been used to determine more accurately the temperature at which the mass loss is maxim. Several functions have been used to simulate the dependence of the first derivative of mass loss on the temperature of the sample. The highest correlation coefficient was obtained for the asymmetric Gaussian combination, which connects two halves of a Gaussian line with different linewidth. An increase of the thermal stability of the polymeric matrix upon loading with TiO2 is reported.
Plasma Treatment of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Layer for Improving Performance of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Kitamura Miho , Shimada Yuya , Kawabata Ryoto , Kasamatsu Toshimichi , Tokunaga Yoshiaki , Aizawa Koji 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTPerformance on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) using a titanium dioxide nanoparticle layer treated by tetrafluoromethane gas plasma was investigated through electrical properties under illumination. A 50%-increase of maximum power density was observed in the plasmatreated DSCs when RF power and processing time are 1W and 100s, respectively. We also obtain diode factor between 1 and 2 in the fabricated DSCs from a plot of short-circuit current versus open-circuit voltage and then the calculated current density-voltage curve was good agreement with the experimental data.
Thickness effect of sputtered ZnO seed layer on the fabrication of ZnO nanorods on flexible polyimide films and their ethanol gas sensing properties
Authors: Ahn Hosang , Kim Seon-Bae , Kim Dong-Joo 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTControlled ZnO nanostructures were grown on a flexible substrate for the future development of smart sensing tags. Thermolysis-assisted chemical solution deposition was used to grow ZnO nanorods at 85°C from 0.01mol of Zinc nitrate hexahydrate and HMT (Hexamethyltetramine) solution. To promote and modulate the ZnO nanorods, R.F. sputtered ZnO seed layers were deposited on polyimide substrates at various film thicknesses in the range of 8 to 160 nm. The optimum processing conditions to fabricate ZnO nanostructures have been investigated to examine the growth behaviors and to correlate the process parameters with the morphological characteristics. When the ethanol gas sensitivities were measured at different thickness of ZnO seed layers before growing ZnO nanorods, the highest sensitivity was obtained at 40 nm thick ZnO film at 300°C where the film thickness is similar to the Debye length. When ZnO nanorods were grown on such a ZnO seed layer, the sensitivities were more heavily influenced by the ZnO nanostructures rather than the thickness of the seed layer probably due to the dominant proportion of carrier density involved with the gas absorption.