bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung size and thoracic morphology in shallow‐ and deep‐diving cetaceans
Authors: Piscitelli Marina A. , McLellan William A. , Rommel Sentiel A. , Blum James E. , Barco Susan G. , Pabst D. Ann 
Published: January 2010

AbstractShallow‐diving, coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and deep‐diving, pelagic pygmy and dwarf sperm whales (Kogia breviceps and K. sima) will experience vastly different ambient pressures at depth, which will influence the volume of air within their lungs and potentially the degree of thoracic collapse they experience. This study tested the hypotheses that lung size will be reduced and/or thoracic mobility will be enhanced in deeper divers. Lung mass (T. truncatus, n = 106; kogiids, n = 18) and lung volume (T. truncatus, n = 5; kogiids, n = 4), relative to total body mass, were compared. One T. truncatus and one K. sima were cross‐sectioned to calculate lung, thoracic vasculature, and other organ volumes. Excised thoraxes (T. truncatus, n = 3; kogiids, n = 4) were mechanically manipulated to compare changes in thoracic cavity shape and volume. Kogiid lungs were half the mass and one‐fifth the volume of those of similarly sized T. truncatus. The lungs occupied only 15% of the total thoracic cavity volume in K. sima and 37% in T. truncatus. The kogiid and dolphin thoraxes underwent similar changes in shape and volume, although the width of the thoracic inlet was relatively constrained in kogiids. A broader phylogenetic comparison demonstrated that the ratio of lung mass to total body mass in kogiids, physeterids, and ziphiids was similar to that of terrestrial mammals, while delphinids and phocoenids possessed relatively large lungs. Thus, small lung size in deep‐diving odontocetes may be a plesiomorphic character. The relatively large lung size of delphinids and phocoenids appears to be a derived condition that may permit the lung to function as a site of respiratory gas exchange throughout a dive in these rapid breathing, short‐duration, shallow divers. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topsoil reduction and cereal yields on loess soils of southeast Poland
Authors: Rejman J. , Iglik I. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe effect of topsoil reduction on yields of cereals on soils developed from loess was evaluated on the basis of a case study and analysis of regional data. Differentiation of yields depended on climatic conditions, soil erosion class and its location in the landscape. The results showed a tendency towards soil productivity decrease with topsoil losses. The greatest decreases were found on severely eroded (18 per cent), for the case study and on very severely eroded soil developed from calcareous loess (25 per cent), for the regional database. On average, yields decreased by 3–4·3 per cent per 10 cm of topsoil reduction. The yield decrease on eroded soils was partly compensated by its increase in some areas of colluvials. Average changes of productivity were compiled together with percentage share of various soils in four loess catchments. The sites were characterised by various time of agricultural land use, start of tractor tillage and percentage of soils transformed by erosion. Despite the differences, similar levels of decrease of cereals productivity, in the range of 5–7 per cent, were found for all the sites at catchment scale. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corrosion protection of stainless steel by separate polypyrrole electrode in acid solutions
Authors: Hu J. , Zhu H. , Ma Y. , Yi T. , Mao X. , Lin A. , Gan F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGalvanic anodic protection (GAP) of stainless steels by doped polypyrrole (PPy) was investigated using chemically synthesized PPy. Separate PPy powder‐pressed electrodes with different surface areas were prepared. Electrochemical properties of PPy electrodes were studied by open circuit potentials (OCPs) and potentiostatic polarization. PPy powder‐pressed electrodes were coupled with 410‐stainless steel electrodes in different concentrations of sulfuric acid solutions, 5 M phosphoric acid solution, and industrial phosphoric acid solution (5 M phosphoric acid + 0.05% chloride ion). Remarkable shift of OCP to the positive direction and sharp decrease of corrosion rate were observed during the coupling experiments, which implies that 410‐stainless steel was transferred to passive state. Results also showed that PPy electrode with sufficient surface area can provide corrosion protection to 410‐stainless steel electrode in highly corrosive acid solution. Based on the experiment results, GAP provided by PPy and PANi (synthesized under similar conditions) was compared.
Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the nature of passive film of pure nickel
Authors: Liu B. , Zhang T. , Shao Y. , Meng G. , Wang F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe effect of hydrostatic pressure on the nature of passive film of nickel in 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated by means of polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Mott–Schottky measurement. The experimental results revealed that hydrostatic pressure had two opposite effects on passive film of nickel. On one hand, hydrostatic pressure improved the corrosion resistance of passive film of nickel such as the decreased acceptor density. On the other hand, the passive film became unstable and showed a higher diffusivity of acceptor density with the increasing of hydrostatic pressure, which deteriorated the corrosion resistance of passive film of nickel. The deterioration effect had greater influence on the passive film than the improvement effect, which led to the decreasing corrosion resistance of passive film with the increasing of hydrostatic pressure.
Oxidation kinetics of Y‐doped FeCrAl‐alloys in low and high pO2 gases
Authors: Young D. J. , Naumenko D. , Niewolak L. , Wessel E. , Singheiser L. , Quadakkers W. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA model Fe‐20Cr‐5Al‐0.05Y alloy was oxidized in Ar‐20%O2 and Ar‐4%H2‐7%H2O at 1200–1300 °C. Two‐stage oxidation experiments using oxygen isotope tracers showed that inward oxygen diffusion was predominant in both gases, but more isotope exchange was observed in the H2/H2O gas reaction. The alumina scales formed in both gases were composed of columnar grains, the lateral size of which increased linearly with depth beneath the scale surface. Thermogravimetric measurement of oxygen uptake revealed kinetics which were intermediate to parabolic and cubic kinetic rate laws. A model based on grain boundary diffusion control coupled with competitive oxide grain growth accounts satisfactorily for the results when the requirement for a divergence‐free flux within the scale is imposed. This treatment shows that the oxide grain boundary diffusion coefficient is lower when H2O is the oxidant. It is concluded that hydrogen slows the grain boundary diffusion process by altering the nature of the diffusing species.
Corrosion behaviour of Mg/Al alloys in high humidity atmospheres
Authors: Arrabal R. , Pardo A. , Merino M. C. , Merino S. , Mohedano M. , Casajús P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe influence of relative humidity (80–90–98% RH) and temperature (25 and 50 °C) on the corrosion behaviour of AZ31, AZ80 and AZ91D magnesium alloys was evaluated using gravimetric measurements. The results were compared with the data obtained for the same alloys immersed in Madrid tap water. The corrosion rates of AZ alloys increased with the RH and temperature and were influenced by the aluminium content and alloy microstructure for RH values above 90%. The initiation of corrosion was localised around the Al–Mn inclusions in the AZ31 alloy and at the centre of the α‐Mg phase in the AZ80 and AZ91D alloys. The β‐Mg17Al12 phase acted as a barrier against corrosion.
Corrosion resistance of stainless steel pipes in soil
Authors: Sjögren L. , Camitz G. , Peultier J. , Jacques S. , Baudu V. , Barrau F. , Chareyre B. , Bergquist A. , Pourbaix A. , Carpentiers P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTo be able to give safe recommendations concerning the choice of suitable stainless steel grades for pipelines to be buried in various soil environments, a large research programme, including field exposures of test specimens buried in soil in Sweden and in France, has been performed. Resistance against external corrosion of austenitic, super austenitic, lean duplex, duplex and super duplex steel grades in soil has been investigated by laboratory tests and field exposures. The grades included have been screened according to their critical pitting‐corrosion temperature and according to their time‐to‐re‐passivation after the passive layer has been destroyed locally by scratching. The field exposures programme, being the core of the investigation, uses large specimens: 2 m pipes and plates, of different grades. The exposure has been performed to reveal effects of aeration cells, deposits or confined areas, welds and burial depth. Additionally, investigations of the tendency of stainless steel to corrode under the influence of alternating current (AC) have been performed, both in the laboratory and in the field. Recommendations for use of stainless steels under different soil conditions are given based on experimental results and on operating experiences of existing stainless steel pipelines in soil.
Developments in molecular SIMS depth profiling and 3D imaging of biological systems using polyatomic primary ions
Authors: Fletcher John S. , Lockyer Nicholas P. , Vickerman John C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn principle mass spectral imaging has enormous potential for discovery applications in biology. The chemical specificity of mass spectrometry combined with spatial analysis capabilities of liquid metal cluster beams and the high yields of polyatomic ion beams should present unprecedented ability to spatially locate molecular chemistry in the 100 nm range. However, although metal cluster ion beams have greatly increased yields in the m/z range up to 1000, they still have to be operated under the static limit and even in most favorable cases maximum yields for molecular species from 1 µm pixels are frequently below 20 counts. However, some very impressive molecular imaging analysis has been accomplished under these conditions. Nevertheless although molecular ions of lipids have been detected and correlation with biology is obtained, signal levels are such that lateral resolution must be sacrificed to provide a sufficient signal to image. To obtain useful spatial resolution detection below 1 µm is almost impossible. Too few ions are generated! The review shows that the application of polyatomic primary ions with their low damage cross‐sections offers hope of a new approach to molecular SIMS imaging by accessing voxels rather than pixels to thereby increase the dynamic signal range in 2D imaging and to extend the analysis to depth profiling and 3D imaging. Recent data on cells and tissue analysis suggest that there is, in consequence, the prospect that a wider chemistry might be accessible within a sub‐micron area and as a function of depth. However, these advances are compromised by the pulsed nature of current ToF‐SIMS instruments. The duty cycle is very low and results in excessive analysis times, and maximum mass resolution is incompatible with maximum spatial resolution. New instrumental directions are described that enable a dc primary beam to be used that promises to be able to take full advantage of all the capabilities of the polyatomic ion beam. Some new data are presented that suggest that the aspirations for these new instruments will be realized. However, although prospects are good, the review highlights the continuing challenges presented by the low ionization efficiency and the complications that arise from matrix effects. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:142–174, 2011
Refining oxygen isotope analysis in the Nasca region of Peru: An investigation of water sources and archaeological samples
Authors: Buzon M. R. , Conlee C. A. , Bowen G. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe development of complex societies, irrigation agriculture and sociopolitical transitions are of interest to researchers working in the Nasca region on the south coast of Peru. Occupied for thousands of years, many questions regarding the circumstances of these changes in the area are being investigated. Oxygen isotope analysis provides a method for exploring residential mobility of past peoples during these transitions. This study presents new δ18O data from water sources that would have been used by the ancient inhabitants, providing important information regarding the oxygen isotope variability in the region and the necessary baseline data for migration studies in this region. Our results suggest that the isotopic composition of water sources in the Nasca region is not highly variable. In addition, archaeological human tooth enamel samples from the sites of La Tiza and Pajonal Alto are analysed. The δ18Oc results of the human enamel samples confirm the local nature of the burial population, as suggested by previous strontium isotope analysis (87Sr/86Sr). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article was published online on 13 January 2010. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 15 January 2010.
Exploring differential prescribing between anti‐epileptic drugs in epilepsy patients with a history of mood disorders
Authors: Ishihara Lianna , Webb David J. , Irizarry Michael , Weil John 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPurposeTo explore differential prescribing of anti‐epileptic drugs (AEDs) to patients with epilepsy by history of mood disorder.MethodsEpilepsy was defined as at least one diagnosis code and one AED prescription, and all patients must have been on the database 182 days before and after their first AED prescription. The Integrated HealthCare Information Services (IHCIS) insurance claims database included 44 557 patients with epilepsy between January 1997 and March 2007. The General Practice Research Database (GPRD) included 16 904 patients with epilepsy up to March 2007. Patients were categorized by their first use of specified AEDs. Mood disorders were defined as diagnosis codes for depression and bipolar disorder, or anti‐depressant use. The unadjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for a history of mood disorder diagnosis ever or within the three months prior to AED use were calculated with carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine (CBZ) as the referent.ResultsIn the US IHCIS, a history of mood disorders was significantly more common in new users of most AEDs compared to CBZ new users, indicating differential prescribing. Clonazepam and gabapentin were the most commonly prescribed AEDs in patients with epilepsy and a history of mood disorders.In the UK GPRD, there was less evidence of differential prescribing of AEDs, although gabapentin was prescribed most often to epilepsy patients with a history of mood disorders.ConclusionsAny observational studies of AEDs and suicidality would have to consider potential channeling bias by history of mood disorders, which is a major risk factor for suicide. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medical diagnostic consultation concerning mental retardation: An analogue study of school psychologists' attitudes
Authors: Wodrich David L. , Tarbox Jennifer , Balles John , Gorin Joanna 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRecent research of relevance to school psychologists suggests that the cause, or etiology, of mental retardation can be established by medical diagnosticians in approximately one‐half of cases. In the current study, 109 practicing school psychologists considered a hypothetical case of an elementary student with mental retardation and indicated their attitudes toward the use of medical consultation. School psychologists were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions defined by the amount of information about medical diagnostic consultations they received: (a) no information, (b) guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) calling for medical consultation in cases of developmental delay, or (c) AAN guidelines plus a concise summary of research on etiology, prevention, and mental retardation. School psychologists with more than 10 years of experience evidenced a more favorable attitude toward medical diagnostic consultation when provided more information, whereas their less experienced colleagues demonstrated no such pattern. This finding, together with others derived from participants' responses, is discussed regarding school psychologists' practice and training. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using Laboratory Information Management Systems as central part of a proteomics data workflow
Authors: Stephan Christian , Kohl Michael , Turewicz Michael , Podwojski Katharina , Meyer Helmut E. , Eisenacher Martin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe organization and storage of proteomics data are challenging issues today and even more for the rising amount of information in the future. This review article describes the advantages of using Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) in proteomics laboratories. Seven typical LIMS are explored in detail to describe their role in an even bigger interrelation. They are a central part of the proteomics data workflow, starting with data generation and ending with the publication in journals and repositories. Therefore, they enable community‐wide data utilization and further Systems Biology discoveries.
Human duodenal proteome modulations by glutamine and antioxidants
Authors: Thébault Sandrine , Deniel Nicolas , Galland Alexandra , Lecleire Stéphane , Charlionet Roland , Coëffier Moïse , Tron François , Vaudry David , Déchelotte Pierre 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPurpose: Glutamine (Gln) has protective, anti‐inflammatory effects in animal models and humans. Antioxidant nutrients may exert synergistic effects on intestinal functions. Therefore, these combined nutrients may have a therapeutic potential during intestinal inflammation. This study was designed to investigate in humans the effects of a supplement composed of Gln and high‐dosed antioxidant micronutrients compared to isomolar Gln only, on duodenal proteome.Experimental design: Enteral perfusion of Gln (0.8 mmol . kg−1. h−1) or supplement was performed in two groups of six healthy volunteers during 5 h before taking endoscopic duodenal biopsies. Protein expression was analyzed by 2‐DE and the relevant proteins identified by MS/MS.Results: About 1500 protein spots were revealed in both supplement and Gln conditions. Comparative proteomics analysis indicated that 11 proteins were differentially and significantly (p≤0.05) expressed in response to the supplement. These proteins were essentially implicated in metabolism pathways,e.g.fatty acid binding protein‐1 and 40S ribosomal protein SA expressions were downregulated while manganese superoxide dismutase and retinal dehydrogenase‐1 expressions were upregulated.Conclusions and clinical relevance: This study provides new information on human duodenal proteome and its nutritional modulation, and supports further clinical investigations designed to evaluate the effects of Gln plus antioxidants during intestinal inflammation and cancer.
Colorectal cancer proteomics, molecular characterization and biomarker discovery
Authors: Barderas Rodrigo , Babel Ingrid , Casal José Ignacio 
Published: January 2010

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a widespread disease, whose major genetic changes and mutations have been well characterized in the sporadic form. Much less is known at the protein and proteome level. Still, CRC has been the subject of multiple proteomic studies due to the urgent necessity of finding clinically relevant markers and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of the disease. These proteomic approaches have been limited by different technical issues, mainly related with sensitivity and reproducibility. However, recent advances in proteomic techniques and MS systems have rekindled the quest for new biomarkers in CRC and an improved molecular characterization. In this review, we will discuss the application of different proteomic approaches to the identification of differentially expressed proteins in CRC. In particular, we will make a critical assessment about the use of 2‐D DIGE, MS and protein microarray technologies, in their different formats, to identify up‐ or downregulated proteins and/or autoantibodies profiles that could be useful for CRC characterization and diagnosis. Despite a wide list of potential biomarkers, it is clear that more scientific efforts and technical advances are still needed to cover the range of low‐abundant proteins, which may play a key role in CRC diagnostics and progression.
Proteomics of bacterial pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis – A case study
Authors: Hare Nathan J. , Cordwell Stuart J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTechnology development in the high throughput sciences of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, has been driven by bacteriological research. These organisms are excellent models for testing new methodology due to their comparatively small genome size, the relative ease of culturing large amounts of material, and the inherent biomedical, environmental and biotechnological interest in their underlying biology. Techniques developed in prokaryotes have since become applicable to higher organisms and human disease, opening vast research opportunities for understanding complex molecular processes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an excellent example of a microbe with fascinating properties suitable for stretching the boundaries of technology, and with underlying biology that remains poorly understood. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen in humans and contains one of the largest genetic capabilities for a single‐celled organism (approximately 5500 genes), which allows it to encode a wide variety of surface‐associated and secreted virulence factors, as well as adapt to harsh environments, forming resistance to an array of antibacterial agents. While it is a major threat as a nosocomial pathogen, and particularly in the immunocompromised, it is also the most significant cause of mortality in patients suffering from the genetic disorder, cystic fibrosis. This review examines the role of proteomics in gaining a better understanding of the molecular basis of P. aeruginosa infection and persistence in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients.
Proteomics in chronic wound research: Potentials in healing and health
Authors: Broadbent James , Walsh Terry , Upton Zee 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChronic wounds, such as venous and diabetic leg ulcers, represent a significant health and financial burden to individuals and healthcare systems. In worst‐case scenarios this condition may require the amputation of an affected limb, with significant impact on patient quality of life and health. Presently, there are no clinical biochemical analyses used in the diagnosis and management of this condition; moreover few biochemical therapies are accessible to patients. This presents a significant challenge in the efficient and efficacious treatment of chronic wounds by medical practitioners. A number of protein‐centric investigations have analyzed the wound environment and implicated a suite of molecular species predicted to be involved in the initiation or perpetuation of the condition. However, comprehensive proteomic investigation is yet to be engaged in the analysis of chronic wounds for the identification of molecular diagnostic/prognostic markers of healing or therapeutic targets. This review examines clinical chronic wound research and recommends a path toward proteomic investigation for the discovery of medically significant targets. Additionally, the Supporting Information documents associated with this review provide the first comprehensive summary of protein‐centric, small molecule and elemental analyses in clinical chronic wound research.