bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression and anxiety in patients repeatedly referred to secondary care with medically unexplained symptoms: a case-control study
Authors: Burton C. , McGorm K. , Weller D. , Sharpe M. 
Published: May 2010

BackgroundOne third of referrals from primary to secondary care are for medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). We aimed to determine the association of depression and anxiety disorders with high use of specialist services by patients with MUS. We did this by comparing their prevalence in patients who had been repeatedly referred with symptoms for which they had received repeated specialist diagnoses of MUS with that in two control groups. We also determined the adequacy of treatment received.MethodA case-control study in five general practices in Edinburgh, UK. Data collection was by case note review and questionnaire. Cases were 193 adults with three or more referrals over 5 years, at least two of which resulted in a diagnosis of MUS. Controls were: (a) patients referred only once over 5 years (n=152); (b) patients with three or more referrals for symptoms always diagnosed as medically explained (n=162).ResultsIn total, 93 (48%) of the cases met our criteria for current depression, anxiety or panic disorders. This compared with 38 (25%) and 52 (35.2%) of the control groups; odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 2.6 (1.6–4.1) and 1.6 (1.01–2.4), respectively. Almost half (44%) of the cases with current depression or anxiety had not received recent minimum effective therapy.ConclusionsDepression, anxiety and panic disorders are common in patients repeatedly referred to hospital with MUS. Improving the recognition and treatment of these disorders in these patients has the potential to provide better, more appropriate and more cost-effective medical care.
Executive functions are impaired in adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury
Authors: Fikke L. T. , Melinder A. , Landrø N. I. 
Published: May 2010

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate three main aspects of executive functions (EFs), i.e. shifting, updating and inhibition, in adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) as compared with healthy controls.MethodEFs were assessed using the Intra/Extradimensional Set Shift, the Spatial Working Memory (SWM) Test and the Stop Signal Test (SST) from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), in a high-severity NSSI group (n=33), a low-severity NSSI group (n=29) and a healthy control group (n=35). Diagnostic characteristics were examined using the Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version.ResultsThere were group differences on the SWM Test. A trend towards an interaction effect of sex revealed that males in the high-severity NSSI group made significantly more errors than males and females in the control group. Both males and females in the high-severity NSSI group made poor use of an efficient strategy in completing the test. The low-severity NSSI group performed poorly on the SST, making more errors than the control group and showing an impaired ability to inhibit initiated responses, as compared with the high-severity NSSI group. There were group differences in frequencies of current and previous major depressive disorder. However, no effects of these diagnoses were found on any of the EF tests.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that NSSI subgroups have distinct deficits in EFs. The high-severity NSSI group has working memory deficits, while the low-severity NSSI group has impaired inhibitory control. This supports the emotion regulation hypothesis.
Immune responses against Marek's disease virus
Authors: Parvizi Payvand , Abdul-Careem Mohamed Faizal , Haq Kamran , Thanthrige-Don Niroshan , Schat Karel A. , Sharif Shayan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIt is more than a century since Marek's disease (MD) was first reported in chickens and since then there have been concerted efforts to better understand this disease, its causative agent and various approaches for control of this disease. Recently, there have been several outbreaks of the disease in various regions, due to the evolving nature of MD virus (MDV), which necessitates the implementation of improved prophylactic approaches. It is therefore essential to better understand the interactions between chickens and the virus. The chicken immune system is directly involved in controlling the entry and the spread of the virus. It employs two distinct but interrelated mechanisms to tackle viral invasion. Innate defense mechanisms comprise secretion of soluble factors as well as cells such as macrophages and natural killer cells as the first line of defense. These innate responses provide the adaptive arm of the immune system including antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses to be tailored more specifically against MDV. In addition to the immune system, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the outcome of MDV infection in chickens. This review discusses our current understanding of immune responses elicited against MDV and genetic factors that contribute to the nature of the response.
Using focus groups to assess almond growers' plant nutrition information needs
Authors: Lopus Sara E. , Trexler Cary J. , Grieshop James I. , Brown Patrick H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractUniversity of California (UC) scientists have established critical values (CVs) for almond production, but the nutritional information the CVs provide may be outdated and insufficient. In December 2006, researchers at UC Davis conducted focus group interviews with a sample of stakeholders in California's almond industry. The focus groups were designed to collect information relating to factors affecting growers' nutrition decisions, priorities in education and research relating to plant nutrition, and expected consequences of environmental regulation for the industry. Stakeholders identified problems with the CVs and voiced concern about the future of the almond industry in light of impending environmental regulations. Many stakeholders identified university research as a way to protect the industry by providing strong, recent scientific data on which nutritional limits and environmental regulations can be based. The focus groups served as a useful research method for obtaining detailed information about stakeholders' motivations and priorities and also for informing a quantitative follow-up survey that was subsequently mailed to a larger population of Californian almond growers.
Speed effects in gliding motility assays due to surface passivation, water isotope, and osmotic stress.
Authors: Maloney Andy , Herskowitz Lawrence , Koch Steven 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe molecular motor kinesin-1, an ATPase, and the substrate it walks along, microtubules, are vital components of eukaryotic cells. Kinesin converts chemical energy to linear motion as its two motor domains step along microtubules in a process similar to how we walk. Cells create systems of microtubules that direct the motion of kinesin. This directed motion allows kinesin to transport various cargos inside cells.During the stepping process, the kinesin motor domains bind and unbind from their binding sites on the microtubules. Binding and unbinding rates of biomolecules are highly dependent on hydration and exclusion of water from the binding interface. Osmotic stress will likely strongly affect the binding and unbinding rates for kinesin and thus offers a tool to specifically probe those steps. We will report the effects of different osmolytes on microtubule speed and other observables in the gliding motility assay.Kinesin’s kinetic core cycle hydrolyzes ATP with the help of a water molecule. Any modification to the water molecules the kinesin is in will change how ATP hydrolyzes and will ultimately affect how kinesin moves along microtubules. We will report preliminary results showing how kinesin is affected when the solvent it is in is changed from light water to heavy water. When used in a surface assay or in devices, the kinesin and microtubule system is also dependent on substrate passivation. Kinesin motor domains do not transport microtubules in the gliding motility assay if kinesin is added to a glass microscope slide that has not been functionalized. Functionalization of the glass slides and slips is typically performed with bovine milk proteins called caseins. Bovine casein is a globular protein that can be broken up into four constituents: αs1, αs2, β, and κ. Each casein constituent affects how kinesin adheres to the glass and ultimately the speed at which microtubules are observed to glide at. Building on the work of Verma et.al., we have found that each constituent individually produces different outcomes in gliding assays. We will present these findings and discuss implications they have for use of gliding assays to study kinesin and use of kinesin-microtubule system in microdevices. [1] Chaen, S, N Yamamoto, I Shirakawa, and H Sugi. 2001. Effect of deuterium oxide on actomyosin motility in vitro. Biochimica et biophysica acta 1506, no. 3: 218-23. [2] Vivek Verma, William O Hancock, Jeffrey M Catchmark, "The role of casein in supporting the operation of surface bound kinesin," J. Biol. Eng. 2008; 2: 14.
Acknowledgements:
This work was supported by the DTRA CB Basic Research Program under Grant No. HDTRA1-09-1-008.
Development and validation of an analysis method for the detection of altered resistance in transgenic plants to herbivore-pathogen-complexes
Authors: Hühnlein Anja , Schubert Jörg , Thieme Thomas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGenetically modified plants (GMPs) have to pass several safety evaluations before they can be approved but identification of undesired changes in metabolism is hard to achieve due to its complexity. Such unexpected changes could be reflected by changes in virus resistance and feeding behaviour of herbivores such as aphids. Altered behaviour can be determined by so- called life table statistics where e. g. the lifetime and the reproduction rate are analysed. Such experiments are time consuming and costly. The behaviour alterations should also be detectable by changes in virus uptake und transmission. Thus, quantitative detection methods are needed in order to measure the absolute virus content in plants and in aphids. Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and Potato virus Y (PVY) are efficiently transmitted by the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. PVY is transmitted non-persistently whereas PLRV is transmitted in a persistent and circulative manner. Consequently, PLRV is especially suited for experiments determining changes in the feeding behaviour.In recent years, several quantitative PCR-assays have been developed for the detection of PLRV in plants. Published assay conditions were not useful for the virus detection in aphids, since primers often bound non-specifically. Furthermore, particular extraction methods had to be developed, since reagents used for plant material were not suitable for aphids with their high content of inhibitory substances.However, RNA extraction is very costly and not suitable for high-throughput screening. Therefore, highly specific assays based on immunocapture-RT-qPCR were developed for the quantitative detection of both PLRV and PVY in aphids and plants. The efficiency of the assays is comparable for the detection of viruses in plants as well as in vectors.In the future, these methods will be applied to investigate the influence of differentgenetic modifications on virus content and feeding behaviour.
Charting the Course for the Future of Science in Healthcare Epidemiology: Results of a Survey of the Membership of the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America
Authors: Sinaii Ninet ,   Research Committee of the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America_p1
Published: May 2010

Objective.To describe the results of a survey of members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) that (1) measured members' perceptions of gaps in the healthcare epidemiology knowledge base and members' priorities for SHEA research goals, (2) assessed whether members would be willing to participate in consortia to address identified gaps in knowledge, and (3) evaluated the need for training for the next generation of investigators in the field of healthcare epidemiology.Design.Electronic and paper survey of members of SHEA, a professional society formed to advance the science of healthcare epidemiology through research and education.Participants.All society members were invited to participate.Results.Of 1,289 SHEA members, 593 (46.0%) responded. Respondents identified the following issues as important for the Research Committee of SHEA: setting the scientific agenda for healthcare epidemiology, developing collaborative infrastructure to conduct research, and developing funding mechanisms for research. Respondents ranked multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms, antimicrobial stewardship, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, adherence to effective hand hygiene guidelines, and Clostridium difficile infections as the most important scientific issues facing the field. Respondents ranked inadequate project funding, lack of protected time for research, and inability to obtain a grant, contract, and/or outside funding as the most significant barriers to conducting research. More than 92% of respondents support creating a SHEA research consortium; more than 40% would participate even if no additional funding were available; nearly 90% identified developing research training as a key function for SHEA.Conclusions.These data provide a road map for the SHEA Research Committee for the next decade.
A new data mining approach for profiling and categorizing kinetic patterns of metabolic biomarkers after myocardial injury
Authors: Baumgartner Christian , Lewis Gregory D. , Netzer Michael , Pfeifer Bernhard , Gerszten Robert E. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Motivation: The discovery of new and unexpected biomarkers in cardiovascular disease is a highly data-driven process that requires the complementary power of modern metabolite profiling technologies, bioinformatics and biostatistics. Clinical biomarkers of early myocardial injury are lacking. A prospective biomarker cohort study was carried out to identify, categorize and profile kinetic patterns of early metabolic biomarkers of planned myocardial infarction (PMI) and spontaneous (SMI) myocardial infarction. We applied a targeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolite profiling platform to serial blood samples drawn from carefully phenotyped patients undergoing alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy serving as a human model of PMI. Patients with SMI and patients undergoing catheterization without induction of myocardial infarction served as positive and negative controls to assess generalizability of markers identified in PMI.
Results: To identify metabolites of high predictive value in tandem mass spectrometry data, we introduced a new feature selection method for the categorization of metabolic signatures into three classes of weak, moderate and strong predictors, which can be easily applied to both paired and unpaired samples. Our paradigm outperformed standard null-hypothesis significance testing and other popular methods for feature selection in terms of the area under the receiver operating curve and the product of sensitivity and specificity. Our results emphasize that this new method was able to identify, classify and validate alterations of levels in multiple metabolites participating in pathways associated with myocardial injury as early as 10 min after PMI.
Availability: The algorithm as well as supplementary material is available for download at: www.umit.at/page.cfm?vpath=departments/technik/iebe/tools/bi
Contact: christian.baumgartner@umit.at
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
G-Box Binding Factor1 Reduces CATALASE2 Expression and Regulates the Onset of Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis
Authors: Smykowski Anja , Zimmermann Petra , Zentgraf Ulrike 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is discussed as being a signaling molecule in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf senescence. Intracellular H2O2 levels are controlled by the H2O2-scavenging enzyme catalase in concert with other scavenging and producing systems. Catalases are encoded by a small gene family, and the expression of all three Arabidopsis catalase genes is regulated in a senescence-associated manner. CATALASE2 (CAT2) expression is down-regulated during bolting time at the onset of leaf senescence and appears to be involved in the elevation of the H2O2 level at this time point. To understand the role of CAT2 in senescence regulation in more detail, we used CAT2 promoter fragments in a yeast one-hybrid screen to isolate upstream regulatory factors. Among others, we could identify G-Box Binding Factor1 (GBF1) as a DNA-binding protein of the CAT2 promoter. Transient overexpression of GBF1 together with a CAT2:β-glucuronidase construct in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) plants and Arabidopsis protoplasts revealed a negative effect of GBF1 on CAT2 expression. In gbf1 mutant plants, the CAT2 decrease in expression and activity at bolting time and the increase in H2O2 could no longer be observed. Consequently, the onset of leaf senescence and the expression of senescence-associated genes were delayed in gbf1 plants, clearly indicating a regulatory function of GBF1 in leaf senescence, most likely via regulation of the intracellular H2O2 content.
Divinyl Chlorophyll(ide)aCan Be Converted to Monovinyl Chlorophyll(ide)aby a Divinyl Reductase in Rice
Authors: Wang Pingrong , Gao Jiaxu , Wan Chunmei , Zhang Fantao , Xu Zhengjun , Huang Xiaoqun , Sun Xiaoqiu , Deng Xiaojian 
Published: May 2010

Abstract3,8-Divinyl (proto)chlorophyll(ide) a 8-vinyl reductase (DVR) catalyzes the reduction of 8-vinyl group on the tetrapyrrole to an ethyl group, which is indispensable for monovinyl chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis. So far, three 8-vinyl reductase genes (DVR, bciA, and slr1923) have been characterized from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), Chlorobium tepidum, and Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. However, no 8-vinyl reductase gene has yet been identified in monocotyledonous plants. In this study, we isolated a spontaneous mutant, 824ys, in rice (Oryza sativa). The mutant exhibited a yellow-green leaf phenotype, reduced Chl level, arrested chloroplast development, and retarded growth rate. The phenotype of the 824ys mutant was caused by a recessive mutation in a nuclear gene on the short arm of rice chromosome 3. Map-based cloning of this mutant resulted in the identification of a gene (Os03g22780) showing sequence similarity with the Arabidopsis DVR gene (AT5G18660). In the 824ys mutant, nine nucleotides were deleted at residues 952 to 960 in the open reading frame, resulting in a deletion of three amino acid residues in the encoded product. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of Chls indicated the mutant accumulates only divinyl Chl a and b. A recombinant protein encoded by Os03g22780 was expressed in Escherichia coli and found to catalyze the conversion of divinyl chlorophyll(ide) a to monovinyl chlorophyll(ide) a. Therefore, it has been confirmed that Os03g22780, renamed as OsDVR, encodes a functional DVR in rice. Based upon these results, we succeeded to identify an 8-vinyl reductase gene in monocotyledonous plants and, more importantly, confirmed the DVR activity to convert divinyl Chl a to monovinyl Chl a.
Stromal Hsp70 Is Important for Protein Translocation into Pea and Arabidopsis Chloroplasts
Authors: Su Pai-Hsiang , Li Hsou-min 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Hsp70 family proteins function as motors driving protein translocation into mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Whether Hsp70 is involved in protein import into chloroplasts has not been resolved. We show here Arabidopsis thaliana knockout mutants of either of the two stromal cpHsc70s, cpHsc70-1 and cpHsc70-2, are defective in protein import into chloroplasts during early developmental stages. Protein import was found to be affected at the step of precursor translocation across the envelope membranes. From solubilized envelope membranes, stromal cpHsc70 was specifically coimmunoprecipitated with importing precursors and stoichiometric amounts of Tic110 and Hsp93. Moreover, in contrast with receptors at the outer envelope membrane, cpHsp70 is important for the import of both photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic proteins. These data indicate that cpHsc70 is part of the chloroplast translocon for general import and is important for driving translocation into the stroma. We further analyzed the relationship of cpHsc70 with the other suggested motor system, Hsp93/Tic40. Chloroplasts from the cphsc70-1 hsp93-V double mutant had a more severe import defect than did the single mutants, suggesting that the two proteins function in parallel. The cphsc70-1 tic40 double knockout was lethal, further indicating that cpHsc70-1 and Tic40 have an overlapping essential function. In conclusion, our data indicate that chloroplasts have two chaperone systems facilitating protein translocation into the stroma: the cpHsc70 system and the Hsp93/Tic40 system.
Females of Cotesia vestalis, a parasitoid of diamondback moth larvae, learn to recognise cues from aphid‐infested plants to exploit honeydew
Authors: KUGIMIYA SOICHI , SHIMODA TAKESHI , MCNEIL JEREMY N. , TAKABAYASHI JUNJI 
Published: May 2010

1. To maximise their reproductive success, the females of most parasitoids must not only forage for hosts but must also find suitable food sources. These may be nectar and pollen from plants, heamolymph from hosts and/or honeydew from homopterous insects such as aphids.2. Under laboratory conditions, females of Cotesia vestalis, a larval parasitoid of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) which does not feed on host blood, survived significantly longer when held with cruciferous plants infested with non‐host green peach aphids (Myzus persicae) than when held with only uninfested plants.3. Naïve parasitoids exhibited no preference between aphid‐infested and uninfested plants in a dual‐choice test, but those that had been previously fed aphid honeydew significantly preferred aphid‐infested plants to uninfested ones.4. These results suggest that parasitoids that do not use aphids as hosts have the potential ability to learn cues from aphid‐infested plants when foraging for food. This flexible foraging behaviour could allow them to increase their lifetime reproductive success.
The role of oceanographic conditions and plankton availability in larval fish assemblages off the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean)
Authors: OLIVAR M. PILAR , EMELIANOV MIKHAIL , VILLATE FERNANDO , URIARTE IBON , MAYNOU FRANCESC , ÁLVAREZ IGNACIO , MOROTE ELVIRA 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn the northwestern Mediterranean, most fish species reproduce in early summer and fewer in the autumn mixing period. This study analyses and compares larval fish assemblages (LFA) in both seasons, and is the first attempt to characterize LFA structure for the autumn period. We analyze horizontal and vertical distribution of fish larvae and the micro‐ and mesozooplankton biomass and abundance of the main zooplankton groups. The oceanographic situation was analyzed through the study of data from CTD, Nν‐Shuttle and ADCP surveys. LFA were determined by ordination analyses based on larval abundance, and the relationships between larval assemblages and environmental variables were investigated through canonical correspondence analysis. The importance of some hydrographic variables (temperature, salinity and stability of the water column), current fields (along‐shelf and across‐shelf transport) and the abundance of zooplankton are discussed as important factors shaping the structure of larval assemblages. In early summer, LFA were mainly structured by a combination of bathymetry and trophic components, although sea surface temperature also played a role in shaping the horizontal larval distributions. In autumn, trophic variables were the main factors influencing the shelf‐dwelling species assemblage. Larvae of oceanic species, on the other hand, were not related to trophic variables but were more affected by current fields.