bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions on the efficacy of atropine 0.01% eyedrops for myopia control – Findings from the Western Australia Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia study
Authors: Lee Samantha Sze-Yee , Lingham Gareth , Mackey David A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study explored the impact of short-term coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions on the efficacy of atropine 0.01% eyedrops on myopia control in a multiethnic cohort of Australian children. In the Western Australia Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia study, 104 and 49 children were randomized to receive atropine 0.01% eyedrops and a placebo, respectively. We compared the 1-year myopia progression and axial elongation following the 2-month lockdown in 2020 to the same months in 2019 and 2021, i.e., the 1-year myopia progression up to May 2019–October 2019 (non-COVID-19) versus the 1-year progression up to May 2020–October 2020 (COVID-19 period), and the 1-year progression up to May 2021–October 2021 (non-COVID-19) versus the 1-year progression up to the same months in 2020. After excluding participants who withdrew, completed their treatment phase prior May 2020, or those whose study visits did not fall between May 2020 and October 2020, 65 participants (mean age at baseline = 11.8 ± 2.5 years) were included in the final analysis (49 in the treatment group; 16 in the placebo group). After correcting for age, sex, and ethnicity, there was no significant main effect of the short-term lockdown on the rate of spherical equivalent or axial length change. However, there was a lockdown × treatment interaction effect on the rate of axial elongation (P = 0.007). This was such that in the treatment group, the 1-year axial elongation was faster during lockdown by 0.056 mm compared to the nonlockdown periods (P = 0.009), while the rate of axial elongation in those on the placebo eye drops was similar during lockdown and nonlockdown. Our findings suggest that there is a decreased efficacy of low-concentration atropine even with relatively lenient restrictions lasting for a few months.
Beef Marketing Channels and Efficiency in Banyumas Regency Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Widiyanti Rahayu , Hidayat Nunung Noor , Mastuti Sri 
Published: June 2024

The research was conducted in Banyumas Regency, with the objectives of studying 1) beef marketing channels, 2) beef marketing margins, and 3) beef marketing efficiency. To achieve this goal, a survey research method was used, with the research targets being beef cattle wholesellers, beef marketing institutions, and beef consumers. Slaughterhouses (RPH) were selected using a purposive sampling method; they were RPH Purwokerto and RPH Ajibarang. From each RPH, eight beef cattle whole sellers were selected as respondents, from which five retailers were selected. By using the accidental sampling method, two buyers were selected from each retailer. Therefore, there were 96 respondents from each RPH, or 192 in total. The data analysis used included descriptive analysis and marketing analysis, including costs, profits, and marketing margins. The results obtained were that there were two marketing channels, namely: (1) RPH/butcher à wholesalers à stall tradersà consumers; (2) RPH/butcher à wholesalers à consumers. The marketing margins were IDR 34,346 and IDR 26,845, and the marketing efficiency was 4.04% and 2.86% in marketing channel 1 and marketing channel 2, respectively. It can be concluded that the beef marketing channel is simple, with quite high marketing efficiency.
Changes in morphology of the lateral abdominal wall muscles during sagittal tilting in young healthy subjects
Authors: Białach Małgorzata , Bugdol Monika , Bibrowicz Karol , Myśliwiec Andrzej 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThe lateral abdominal wall muscles and their recruitment are the subjects of common interest for researchers due to their clinical importance and practical application in athletes and non-athletes. So far, no repeatable method aimed at activating specific muscles by passive tilting has been discovered. In this paper, changes in the morphology of muscles of the lateral abdominal wall during passive body inclinations in the sagittal plane in a standing position were assessed. The objective was to determine whether a device with the mentioned function would be able to induce reflex activation of the trunk stabilisers and can be used in an initial stage of postural rehabilitation and re-education.Subjects and MethodsA total of 179 healthy subjects aged 18–30 (96 women and 83 men) participated in the study. They were divided into groups according to the body mass index and the value of the pelvic tilt in the sagittal plane. The subject’s body (in a standing, habitual position in a specially developed device) was tilted in steps, every 1 angular degree, each time taking ultrasound measurements of the muscle thickness on the right side, starting from the vertical to a maximum value of 7 degrees. The cross-section of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominal muscles was measured.ResultsEach of the three muscles changed its thickness in a statistically significant way accidentally at different degrees of inclination, thus not showing a homogeneous contraction pattern.ConclusionsThere are no indications for clinical application of the forward sagittal inclination in accordance with the implemented procedure in therapeutic practice.
On the uncertainty of anthropogenic aromatic volatile organic compound emissions: model evaluation and sensitivity analysis
Authors: Oliveira Kevin , Guevara Marc , Jorba Oriol , Petetin Hervé , Bowdalo Dene , Tena Carles , Montané Pinto Gilbert , López Franco , Pérez García-Pando Carlos 
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) significantly impact air quality and atmospheric chemistry, influencing ozone formation and secondary organic aerosol production. Despite their importance, the uncertainties associated with representing VOCs in atmospheric emission inventories are considerable. This work presents a spatiotemporal assessment and evaluation of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) emissions and concentrations in Spain by combining bottom-up emissions, air quality modelling techniques, and ground-based observations. The emissions produced by High-Elective Resolution Modelling Emission System (HERMESv3) were used as input to the Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry (MONARCH) chemical transport model to simulate surface concentrations across Spain. Comparing modelled and observed levels revealed uncertainty in the anthropogenic emissions, which were further explored through sensitivity tests. The largest levels of observed benzene and xylene were found in industrial sites near coke ovens, refineries, and car manufacturing facilities, where the modelling results show large underestimations. Official emissions reported for these facilities were replaced by alternative estimates, resulting in varied improvements in the model's performance across different stations. However, uncertainties associated with industrial emission processes persist, emphasising the need for further refinement. For toluene, consistent overestimations in background stations were mainly related to uncertainties in the spatial disaggregation of emissions from industrial-use solvent activities, mainly wood paint applications. Observed benzene levels in Barcelona's urban traffic areas were 5 times larger than the ones observed in Madrid. MONARCH failed to reproduce the observed gradient between the two cities due to uncertainties arising from estimating emissions from motorcycles and mopeds, as well as from different measurement methods and the model's capacity to accurately simulate meteorological conditions. Our results are constrained by the spatial and temporal coverage of available BTX observations, posing a key challenge in evaluating the spatial distribution of modelled levels and associated emissions.
Development of a high-resolution integrated emission inventory of air pollutants for China
Authors: Wu Nana , Geng Guannan , Xu Ruochong , Liu Shigan , Liu Xiaodong , Shi Qinren , Zhou Ying , Zhao Yu , Liu Huan , Song Yu , Zheng Junyu , Zhang Qiang , He Kebin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Constructing a highly resolved comprehensive emission dataset for China is challenging due to limited availability of refined information for parameters in a unified bottom-up framework. Here, by developing an integrated modeling framework, we harmonized multi-source heterogeneous data, including several up-to-date emission inventories at national and regional scales and for key species and sources in China to generate a 0.1° resolution inventory for 2017. By source mapping, species mapping, temporal disaggregation, spatial allocation, and spatial–temporal coupling, different emission inventories are normalized in terms of source categories, chemical species, and spatiotemporal resolutions. This achieves the coupling of multi-scale, high-resolution emission inventories with the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), forming the high-resolution INTegrated emission inventory of Air pollutants for China (INTAC). We find that INTAC provides more accurate representations for emission magnitudes and spatiotemporal patterns. In 2017, China's emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrous oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), ammonia (NH3), PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter), black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC) were 12.3, 24.5, 141.0, 27.9, 9.2, 11.1, 8.4, 1.3, and 2.2 Tg, respectively. The proportion of point source emissions for SO2, PM10, NOx, and PM2.5 increases from 7 %–19 % in MEIC to 48 %–66 % in INTAC, resulting in improved spatial accuracy, especially mitigating overestimations in densely populated areas. Compared with MEIC, INTAC reduces mean biases in simulated concentrations of major air pollutants by 2–14 µg m−3 across 74 cities, compared against ground observations. The enhanced model performance by INTAC is particularly evident at finer-grid resolutions. Our new dataset is accessible at http://meicmodel.org.cn/intac (last access: 15 April 2024) and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10459198 (Wu et al., 2024), and it will provide a solid data foundation for fine-scale atmospheric research and air-quality improvement.
The development of an operational system for estimating irrigation water use reveals socio-political dynamics in Ukraine
Authors: Dari Jacopo , Filippucci Paolo , Brocca Luca 
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Irrigation is the main driver of crop production in many agricultural regions across the world. The estimation of irrigation water has the potential to enhance our comprehension of the Earth system, thus providing crucial data for food production. In this study, we have created a unique operational system for estimating irrigation water using data from satellite soil moisture, reanalysis precipitation, and potential evaporation. As a proof of concept, we implemented the method at a high resolution (1 km) during the period of 2015–2023 over the area south of the Kakhovka Dam in Ukraine, which collapsed on 6 June 2023. The selected study area enabled us to showcase that our operational system is able to track the effect of the pandemic and conflict on the irrigation water supply. Significant decreases of 63 % and 44 % in irrigation water compared to the mean irrigation water between 2015 and 2023 have been identified as being linked to the collapse of the dam and, potentially, to the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively.
The importance of cloud properties when assessing surface melting in an offline-coupled firn model over Ross Ice shelf, West Antarctica
Authors: Hansen Nicolaj , Orr Andrew , Zou Xun , Boberg Fredrik , Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Gilbert Ella , Langen Peter L. , Lazzara Matthew A. , Mottram Ruth , Phillips Tony , Price Ruth , Simonsen Sebastian B. , Webster Stuart 
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The Ross Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, experienced an extensive melt event in January 2016. We examine the representation of this event by the HIRHAM5 and MetUM high-resolution regional atmospheric models, as well as a sophisticated offline-coupled firn model forced with their outputs. The model results are compared with satellite-based estimates of melt days. The firn model estimates of the number of melt days are in good agreement with the observations over the eastern and central sectors of the ice shelf, while the HIRHAM5 and MetUM estimates based on their own surface schemes are considerably underestimated, possibly due to deficiencies in these schemes and an absence of spin-up. However, the firn model simulates sustained melting over the western sector of the ice shelf, in disagreement with the observations that show this region as being a melt-free area. This is attributed to deficiencies in the HIRHAM5 and MetUM output and particularly a likely overestimation of night-time net surface radiative flux. This occurs in response to an increase in night-time downwelling longwave flux from around 180–200 to 280 W m−2 over the course of a few days, leading to an excessive amount of energy at the surface available for melt. Satellite-based observations show that this change coincides with a transition from clear-sky to cloudy conditions, with clouds containing both liquid water and ice water. The models capture the initial clear-sky conditions but seemingly struggle to correctly represent cloud properties associated with the cloudy conditions, which we suggest is responsible for the radiative flux errors.
Pandémia COVID-19 a jej dopad na religiozitu v podmienkach Akadémie ozbrojených síl gen. M. R. Štefánika - komparácia záujmu o duchovné aktivity pred a po skúsenosti s pandémiou
Authors:   Akadémia ozbrojených síl generála Milana Rastislava Štefánika, Liptovský Mikuláš, Huďa Tomáš 
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus was an unprecedented experience for the whole world, which caught us unprepared not only from a medical, infectious or virological point of view, but even more so from a psychological, social and spiritual point of view. The pandemic meant a fundamental paradigm shift in religious life as well. Religiosity was limited to a personal and private level during the prohibition of religious services. Catholic priests celebrated Holy Mass in the online space, which, despite all the accompanying negatives, became a new form of apostolate and catechesis. In general, it is predicted that interest in religious services has decreased after the pandemic. The goal of this study is to investigate the issue of post-pandemic religiosity and the subsequent comparison of pre-pandemic, pandemic and post-pandemic religiosity at the Academy of the Armed Forces of General M.R. Štefánik. The general opinion of religionists and pastoral theologians and forecasts after the pandemic are quite pessimistic. The answer to the question of whether post-pandemic religiosity is lower than its pre-pandemic form, is therefore key. Based on the achieved results, we conclude that the post-pandemic religiosity of the Catholic tradition in the AOS is somewhat lower than in the pre-pandemic period. This is proven by the statistical data obtained by comparing individual months in the years 2018 – 2024. However, the differences in the achieved pre-pandemic and post-pandemic months and years are not significant; on the contrary: the number of participants in religious services increases every post-pandemic year, and it can be predicted that already in 2024 the statistical averages will equal those of 2019 or even slightly surpass them.
Tumor de células granulares esofágico,metodología de estudio y diagnósticos diferenciales: reporte de un caso
Authors: Carnevale Guillermo , Rubel Cohen Sergio Mauricio , D'Ottavio Guillermo , De Melo Jordana , Pozzi Daniel , Bucciarelli Federico , Cardona Juan 
Published: June 2024

El tumor de células granulares es una neoplasia que se origina de las células de Schwann. La localización esofágica es infrecuente. Si bien ciertas características endoscópicas caracterizan a estas lesiones, para su correcto diagnóstico es necesario utilizar el ultrasonido endoscópico junto al examen histopatológico con análisis inmunohistoquímico. Reporte de caso. Varón de 56 años que consulta por disfagia y pirosis. En el estudio endoscópico se observa a nivel del tercio inferior esofágico una lesión elevada subepitelial, con zonas de erosión mucosa. Se realiza una ecoendoscopía que muestra una lesión hipoecogénica, de límites definidos, que asienta sobre la capa muscularis mucosae. La lesión se extrae mediante la técnica de disección submucosa endoscópica. Finalmente, tras la utilización de inmunohistoquímica se arriba al diagnóstico de tumor de células granulares, observándose la expresión de la proteína S100 y el marcador CD68 positivos. Conclusión. El tumor de células granulares es una causa infrecuente de lesión subepitelial esofágica. Su principal diagnóstico diferencial son los tumores estromales. La ecoendoscopía y el análisis histopatológico con utilización de inmunohistoquímica son fundamentales para su correcto diagnóstico y posterior tratamiento.
Problems of combining theoretical and practical education in the training of managerial and entrepreneurial specialists
Authors: Пивовар Б.Б. 
Published: June 2024

Введение. В условиях изменяющихся рынков как никогда требуются профессиональные управленцы и предприниматели, способные ускорить экономический рост. В этой связи важно выявить реальные проблемы, которые стоят перед нынешним управленческо-предпринимательским образованием, и наметить возможности его развития. Цель. Проанализировать существующие подходы к совмещению теоретического и практического обучения, сформулировать предложения по оптимизации процесса подготовки специалистов управленческо-предпринимательского профиля. Методы. Основные методы исследования: теоретический анализ научных публикаций, анализ статистических данных Минэкономразвития и Фонда «Общественное мнение» (ФОМ). Результаты. Предложен комплекс мер по изменению структуры предпринимательского образования в вузах, включающих внедрение практических заданий, стажировок и наставничества. Научная новизна. Обоснование необходимости интеграции теоретического и практического обучения в процессе подготовки специалистов. Практическая значимость. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при разработке новых и корректировке существующих программ подготовки специалистов управленческо-предпринимательского профиля.
Introduction. In the conditions of changing markets professional managers and entrepreneurs, who are able to accelerate economic growth in order to overcome the emerging geopolitical problems, are needed more than ever. In this regard, it is important to consider the problems and identify the opportunities that the current management and entrepreneurial education in universities faces. Aim. To analyse existing approaches to combining theoretical and practical education, identify their shortcomings, and offer recommendations on optimising the process of training specialists in managerial and entrepreneurial profile. Methods. Main research methods: theoretical analysis of scientific publications, analysis of statistical data of the Ministry of Economic Development and the Public Opinion Foundation (FOM). Results. A set of steps to change entrepreneurial education in universities, which incorporate practical assignments, internship programmes, and mentoring is proposed. Scientific novelty. The identification of the need to integrate theoretical and practical education in the process of training specialists. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in the development of new and the adjustment of existing training programmes for managerial and entrepreneurial specialists.
Tourism Development and Nature Conservation: An Austrian Interplay
Authors: Scharf Katharina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The article addresses the complex interplay between tourism development, nature conservation or environmental protection, and Austrian identities. Austria’s natural landscapes have been construed as a national symbol of identity since the time of the Habsburg monarchy, so the protection of these landscapes was considered essential. At the same time, intensive tourism development was pursued, and the tension between nature conservation and tourism became crucial as they appeared as collaborators and opponents. Especially after World War II, during the period of reconstruction and with funds from the European Recovery Program (ERP / Marshall Plan), Austria’s natural landscapes were elevated to the status of a national symbol of a supposedly restored and peaceful world. The highly controversial issue of land use, technical development, and conservation (especially of the Alpine world) has shaped Austria culturally and materially from the beginnings of tourism and continues to do so today. This article examines the issues, highlighting the role of state and private, collective and individual actors, cultural transfers from the USA, public discourses, and changes implemented on the ground. A central source are discourse-shaping elements from popular cultures, such as films and tourism advertising.
New Environmental Restrictions and Its Impacts in International Trade: Evolution of Environmental principles as sources of International Law
Authors: Munhoz Leonardo 
Published: June 2024

The relationship between environment and trade is gradually regaining prominence on the international scene, but this relationship is not a trivial one. The environment originated in international law initially in non-binding declarations, and treaties, producing effects for the signatory parties only. Today, it is discussed whether the environmental concern would also be evolving into a custom widely accepted by the international community. The World Trade Organization (WTO) rules allow environmental requirements to be used as exceptions to trade rules if they do not consist of arbitrary and discriminatory measures. However, these exceptions are not always clear, and may camouflage protectionist measures, raising questions, especially now with many trade initiatives under discussion in the European Union (EU), such as the recent restrictions on products from deforestation, carbon taxes for imported products and anti-green washing methods. The WTO dispute body has ways of interpreting trade agreements, considering trade treaties, as well as other sources of international law, including customs. Additionally, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has a central role in approaching these pressing new issues. Therefore, the evolution of environmental principles into a custom of international law is key and can help to incorporate the environment into the commercial agenda, which is gaining increasing momentum. (See MUNHOZ, L; SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS OF LIVING MODIFIED ORGANISMS AND IMPACTS ON TRADE – EVOLUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISPUTES AT THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION. Elisabeth Haub School of Law, Pace University (2023). Available at, https:// digitalcommons.pace.edu/lawdissertations/34/). The purpose of this study is to analyse the relationship between how environmental issues are addressed in the WTO, and how the environment is evolving from a range of non-binding principles to a custom widely accepted by the international community. (This work is based on the study MUNHOZ, L.; VARGAS, D.; VALENTE, F.; (2023). COMÉRCIO INTERNACIONAL E MEIO AMBIENTE – EVOLUÇÃO DOS PRINCÍPIOS AMBIENTAIS NAS DISPUTAS COMERCIAIS. Observatório de Conhecimento e Inovação em Bioeconomia, Fundação Getúlio Vargas – FGV-EESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Available at, https://agro.fgv.br/sites/default/files/ 2023-09/eesp_relatorio_ambientais_eng-ap1.pdf).