bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel algorithm for detection of adverse drug reaction signals using a hospital electronic medical record database
Authors: Park Man Young , Yoon Dukyong , Lee KiYoung , Kang Seok Yun , Park Inwhee , Lee Suk‐Hyang , Kim Woojae , Kam Hye Jin , Lee Young‐Ho , Kim Ju Han , Park Rae Woong 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeQuantitative analytic methods are being increasingly used in postmarketing surveillance. However, currently existing methods are limited to spontaneous reporting data and are inapplicable to hospital electronic medical record (EMR) data. The principal objectives of this study were to propose a novel algorithm for detecting the signals of adverse drug reactions using EMR data focused on laboratory abnormalities after treatment with medication, and to evaluate the potential use of this method as a signal detection tool.MethodsWe developed an algorithm referred to as the Comparison on Extreme Laboratory Test results, which takes an extreme representative value pair according to the types of laboratory abnormalities on the basis of each patient's medication point. We used 10 years' EMR data from a tertiary teaching hospital, containing 32 033 710 prescriptions and 115 241 147 laboratory tests for 530 829 individual patients. Ten drugs were selected randomly for analysis, and 51 laboratory values were matched. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the algorithm were calculated.ResultsThe mean number of detected laboratory abnormality signals for each drug was 27 (±7.5). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the algorithm were 64–100%, 22–76%, 22–75%, and 54–100%, respectively.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrated that the Comparison on Extreme Laboratory Test results algorithm described herein was extremely effective in detecting the signals characteristic of adverse drug reactions. This algorithm can be regarded as a useful signal detection tool, which can be routinely applied to EMR data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein acetylation in prokaryotes
Authors: Jones Joshua D. , O'Connor C. David 
Published: April 2011

AbstractProtein acetylation plays a critical regulatory role in eukaryotes but until recently its significance and function in bacteria and the archaea were obscure. It is now clear, however, that prokaryotes have the capacity to acetylate both the α‐amino groups of N‐terminal residues and the ε‐amino groups of lysine side chains. In this review, we bring together information indicating that such acetylation is widespread and that it is likely to regulate fundamental cellular processes. We particularly focus on lysine acetylation, which recent studies show can occur in proteins involved in transcription, translation, pathways associated with central metabolism and stress responses. Intriguingly, specific acetylated lysine residues map to critical regions in the three‐dimensional structures of key proteins, e.g. to active sites or to surfaces that dock with other major cellular components. Like phosphorylation, acetylation appears to be an ancient reversible modification that can be present at multiple sites in proteins, thereby potentially producing epigenetic combinatorial complexity. It may be particularly important in regulating central metabolism in prokaryotes due to the requirement for acetyl‐CoA and NAD+ for protein acetyltransferases and Sir2‐type deacetylases, respectively.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided injection therapy for hepatobiliary disease
Authors: Ponnudurai Ryan , Sachithanandan S. , George A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEndoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided injection therapy is the new frontier in the management of patients with hepatobiliary disease. Celiac plexus block/neurolysis was the first form of injection therapy and has been validated in many subsequent trials. Cyst ablation therapy, fiducial insertion, angiography, portal hypertensive therapy, endoscopic portosystemic shunt creation, portal vein embolization and injection of chemotherapeutic/biologic agents for antitumor therapy are more recent uses and will be discussed. Celiac plexus neurolysis is currently well established in providing adjunct pain control in patients with advanced malignancy. There are limited data available for its use in benign conditions. EUS‐guided ablative therapy for pancreatic cysts remains an area for future research but seems to have a role for small thin‐walled non‐septated cysts. EUS‐guided implantation of fiducials is technically feasible but its exact impact on tumor regression is unknown. Several case reports have documented EUS‐guided alcohol and thrombin injection into pseudoaneurysms and cyanoacrylate and coil embolization for variceal therapy. Injection of viral vectors and immunomodulating cell cultures as antitumor therapy has been described but the evidence is still preliminary and further data are awaited.
Reversal of gastrointestinal carcinoma‐induced immunosuppression and induction of antitumoural immunity by a combination of cyclophosphamide and gene transfer of IL‐12
Authors: Malvicini Mariana , Ingolotti Mariana , Piccioni Flavia , Garcia Mariana , Bayo Juan , Atorrasagasti Catalina , Alaniz Laura , Aquino Jorge B. , Espinoza Jaime A. , Gidekel Manuel , Scharovsky O. Graciela , Matar Pablo , Mazzolini Guillermo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractImmunotherapy‐based strategies for gastrointestinal carcinomas (GIC) have been exploited so far, but these approaches have to face strong mechanisms of immune escape induced by tumours. We previously demonstrated that sub‐therapeutic doses of an adenovirus expressing IL‐12 genes (AdIL‐12) mediated a potent antitumour effect against subcutaneous (s.c.) colorectal carcinomas (CRC) in mice pre‐treated with low doses of cyclophosphamide (Cy). In our study we used this combination to assess its impact on the immunosuppressive microenvironment. In s.c. CRC model we demonstrated that non‐responder mice failed to decrease Tregs in tumour, spleen and peripheral blood. Reconstitution of Tregs into tumour‐bearing mice treated with combined therapy abolished the antitumoural effect. In addition, Cy + AdIL‐12 modified Tregs functionality by inhibiting the in vitro secretion of IL‐10 and TGF‐β and their ability to inhibit dendritic cells activation. Combined treatment decreased the number of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in comparison to non‐treated mice and, interestingly, administration of Tregs restored splenic MDSCs population. Furthermore, combined therapy potently generated specific cytotoxic IFN‐γ‐secreting CD4+ T cells able to eradicate established CRC tumours after adoptive transfer. Finally, we evaluated the combination on disseminated CRC and pancreatic carcinoma (PC). Cy + AdIL‐12 were able to eradicate liver metastatic CRC (47%) and PC tumour nodules (40%) and to prolong animal survival. The results of this study support the hypothesis that Cy + AdIL‐12 might be a valid immunotherapeutic strategy for advanced GIC.
A new species ofArthoniais a pest in an orchid nursery
Authors: APTROOT André 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe lichenArthonia orchidicidais described as new to science from the leaves of orchids in a nursery. It is a pest organism, as it is affecting the habitus of the plants and diminishing the vitality of small plants. No prophylax is known and the lichen has to be regularly removed by rubbing it off manually. It is the first lichen reported to cause economic damage. It occurs in the Netherlands, but its country of origin is unknown.
Outcomes, infections, and immune reconstitution after double cord blood transplantation in patients with high‐risk hematological diseases
Authors: Ruggeri A. , Peffault de Latour R. , Carmagnat M. , Clave E. , Douay C. , Larghero J. , Cayuela J.‐M. , Traineau R. , Robin M. , Madureira A. , Ribaud P. , Ferry C. , Devergie A. , Purtill D. , Rabian C. , Gluckman E. , Toubert A. , Socié G. , Rocha V. 
Published: April 2011

A. Ruggeri, R. Peffault de Latour, M. Carmagnat, E. Clave, C. Douay, J. Larghero, J.‐M. Cayuela, R. Traineau, M. Robin, A. Madureira, P. Ribaud, C. Ferry, A. Devergie, D. Purtill, C. Rabian, E. Gluckman, A. Toubert, G. Socié, V. Rocha. Outcomes, infections, and immune reconstitution after double cord blood transplantation in patients with high‐risk hematological diseases Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 456–465. All rights reservedAbstract:
Double unrelated cord blood transplant (dUCBT) has been used to circumvent cell dose limitation of single UCBT; however, few data are available describing outcomes, infectious disease, and immune recovery. We analyzed 35 consecutive dUCBT recipients with high‐risk malignant disorders (n=21) and bone marrow failure syndromes (n=14). Median follow‐up was 32 months. Conditioning regimen was myeloablative in 14 and reduced intensity in 21 patients. Median infused nucleated cell dose was 4 × 107/kg. Median time to absolute neutrophil count >0.5 × 109/L was 25 days. Cumulative incidence (CI) of acute grade II–IV graft‐versus‐host disease was 47%. Estimated overall survival at 2 years was 48%. CI of first viral infections at 1 year was 92%. We observed 49 viral infections in 30 patients, 34 bacterial infections in 19 patients, and 16 fungal or parasitic infections in 12 patients. Lymphocyte subset analyses were performed at 3, 6, 9, and >12 months after dUCBT. Decreased T‐cell and B‐cell counts with expansion of natural killer cells were observed until 9 months post transplantation. Recovery of thymopoiesis measured by  T‐cell receptor excision circles was impaired until 9 months after dUCBT, when the appearance of new thymic precursors was observed. Delayed immune recovery and high incidence of infectious complications were observed after dUCBT in patients with high‐risk hematological diseases.
Anesthesia and neurotoxicity to the developing brain: the clinical relevance
Authors: Davidson Andrew J. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryLaboratory work has confirmed that general anesthetics cause increased neuronal apoptosis and changes to the morphology of dendritic spines in the developing brains of animals. It is an effect seen with most volatile anesthetics as well as with ketamine and propofol. The effects are dose dependent and seen over particular periods of early development. There is some evidence that rodents exposed to anesthesia during infancy have delayed neurobehavioral development. There are inherent limitations in translating the preclinical data to human practice but the data cannot be ignored. Some human clinical studies have found evidence for an association between major surgery and changes in neurobehavioral outcome, although the evidence is less clear for minor surgery. These associations are certainly at least partly because of factors apart from anesthesia, such as coexisting pathology or the effect of surgery itself. Other clinical studies have found no evidence for an association between surgery and outcome. These studies are also not without limitations. Thus it remains unclear what role anesthesia exposure in infancy actually plays in determining neurobehavioral outcome. To date studies can neither confirm that anesthesia plays a role nor rule it out.
Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase attenuates vomiting in Suncus murinus and 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol attenuates nausea in rats
Authors: Sticht Martin A , Long Jonathan Z , Rock Erin M , Limebeer Cheryl L , Mechoulam Raphael , Cravatt Benjamin F , Parker Linda A 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To evaluate the role of 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol (2AG) in the regulation of nausea and vomiting using animal models of vomiting and of nausea‐like behaviour (conditioned gaping).EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Vomiting was assessed in shrews (Suncus murinus), pretreated with JZL184, a selective monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor which elevates endogenous 2AG levels, 1 h before administering the emetogenic compound, LiCl. Regulation of nausea‐like behaviour in rats by exogenous 2AG or its metabolite arachidonic acid (AA) was assessed, using the conditioned gaping model. The role of cannabinoid CB1 receptors, CB2 receptors and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition in suppression of vomiting or nausea‐like behaviour was assessed.KEY RESULTS JZL184 dose‐dependently suppressed vomiting in shrews, an effect prevented by pretreatment with the CB1 receptor inverse agonist/antagonist, AM251. In shrew brain tissue, JZL184 inhibited MAGL activity in vivo. In rats, 2AG suppressed LiCl‐induced conditioned gaping but this effect was not prevented by AM251 or the CB2 receptor antagonist, AM630. Instead, the COX inhibitor, indomethacin, prevented suppression of conditioned gaping by 2AG or AA. However, when rats were pretreated with a high dose of JZL184 (40 mg·kg−1), suppression of gaping by 2AG was partially reversed by AM251. Suppression of conditioned gaping was not due to interference with learning because the same dose of 2AG did not modify the strength of conditioned freezing to a shock‐paired tone.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results suggest that manipulations that elevate 2AG may have anti‐emetic or anti‐nausea potential.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue‐8. To view Part I of Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue‐7
Behaviors and Characteristics of African American and European American Females That Impact Weight Management
Authors: Capers Cynthia Flynn , Baughman Kristin , Logue Everett 
Published: April 2011

Abstract Purpose: This report explores the extent to which sociodemographic and psychosocial factors could explain differences in obesity or dietary and exercise behaviors between middle‐aged African American (AA) and European American (EA) women seen in primary care. We focus on “race × predictor” interactions that could explain how AA and EA women differ in ways that affect the prevalence of obesity. Design: This comparative exploratory study uses data from the baseline examination of the Reasonable Eating and Activity to Change Health (REACH) trial, which included 173 AA women and 278 EA women. Inclusion criteria were membership in one of the study family medicine practices, an elevated body mass index (greater than 27 kg/m2), age 40 to 69 years, and no contraindications to increased activity and dietary change. Methods: Secondary data analyses were employed. Findings: There was evidence of race differences in the level of multiple variables related to weight management but there were only three significant “race × predictor” interactions out of 48 comparisons: (a) race × physical health, with BMI as the dependent variable; (b) race × the percentage of dietary fat, with total dietary kilocalories as the dependent variable; and (c) race × median income, with exercise minutes per week as the dependent variable. Conclusions: The results support the proposition that the weight management experience of AA and EA primary care women is similar after different exposure levels are taken into account. The results contribute to the body of literature that addresses obesity management for AA and EA women in primary care settings. Clinical Relevance: Findings illustrate the need for obesity prevention and management efforts from both multidisciplinary primary care providers and community‐wide public health interventions. AA and EA women have different resources, but the same factors generally influence weight management, whether one is AA or EA. This suggests that clinical interventions and public health interventions for AA and EA women can be designed around the same principles while paying attention to relevant cultural issues.
THE ORIENTATION OF HORSE FLIES AND DEER FLIES (TABANIDAE, DIPTERA):
Authors: THORSTEINSON A. J. 
Published: April 2011

Tabanid flies display an exceptionally strong tendency to orientate to and congregate in enclosures which accumulate heat during daylight. In order to study this behaviour to the best advantage and perhaps also to exploit it toward practical control a “helio‐thermal” trap was designed and tested. This trap converts solar radiation to heat and is so designed that tabanids collect in a killing bottle. A number of ecological, ethological and practical applications of the trap are discussed in the light of data obtained to date.RésuméPlusieurs espèces de tabanides semblent ětre fortement attirées par une source de chaleur sensiblement plus élevée que celle de la temperature ambiante. Ces espèces se comportent ainsi surtout quand il fait très chaud alors qu'elles sont tout particulièrement actives. Nous avons profité de ce comportement pour construire un piège hélio‐thermique ainsi appelé parce qu'il produit une chaleur tirée de l'énergie solaire.Les tabanides attirés par ce piège y pénètrent par la partie inférieure, et, apparemment attirés par “phototaxis” volent vers le sommet. Dans cet espace la temperature s‘élève audessus de la limite tolérable et les tabanides sont abrutis par la chaleur. Alors ils tombent par un entonnoir dans un récipient contenant du cyanure. Les tabanides capturés sont exclusivement des femelles: fait de la plus haute importance dans l'emploi pratique de ce piège.Cependant ce piège a d'autres applications comme instrument de recherches entomologiques pour les taxonomistes, les oecologistes et les éthologues. Il est fort probable qu'un simple dispositif de moulinet actionné par le vent et créant un mouvement rotatoire augmenterait son attraction sur les tabanides et augmenterait sa valeur pratique aussi bien que sa valeur scientifique. Uu autre emploi important résulterait de son adaptation à l'étude des substances qui attirent ou repoussent ces insectes.
RESPONSES OF APHIS FABAE SCOP. TO WATER SHORTAGE IN HOST PLANTS IN POTS
Authors: KENNEDY J. S. , LAMB K. P. , BOOTH C. O. 
Published: April 2011

Water strain in the host plant reduced aphid feeding and larviposition and sometimes increased the proportion of winged offspring. These negative effects on the aphids occurred despite the enrichment of the phloem sap that could be inferred from the senescence and changing composition of the leaves under water strain, tended to obliterate the normal effects of leaf age, and were readily reversible. They are attributed to stimuli associated with a reduction in the quantity of sap obtainable by the aphids owing to reduced turgor pressure or increased sap viscosity. The opposite, positive effects recorded previously with various aphids may be associated with less severe or intermittent water strain in the plant when the reduced quantity of sap obtainable is more than compensated by its improved quality.Zusammenfassung1. Die Wirkungen beträchtlichen Wassermangels getopfter Wirtspflanzen auf Ansiedlung und Vermehrung von Aphis fabae Scop. wurde in Gewächshausversuchen mit im Labor herangezogenen geflügelten Virginoparen an Evonymus europaeus L. und mit Ungeflügelten an Vicia faba L. sowie in einem Feldversuch bei der natürlichen Besiedlung von E. europaeus untersucht.2. Der Wassermangel verminderte Ansiedlung und Larvenproduktion und vergrößerte den Anteil geflügelter Nachkommen. Diese negativen Wirkungen können, die normalen Wirkungen des Blattalters auslöschen, waren aber durch Wiederversorgung der Topferde mit Wasser leicht reversibel. Sie traten trotz der Bereicherung des Phloemsaftes ein, die aus dem Altern und der veränderten Zusammensetzung der Blätter bei Wasserverknappung zu schließen war. Sie werden auf Reize zurückgeführt, die auf einer Reduktion der für die Blattläuse zur Verfügung stehenden Saftmenge beruhen, welche als Folge reduzierten Turgordruckes oder steigender Saftviskosität entsteht.3. Die gegenteiligen günstigen Auswirkungen des Wassermangels, über die früher bei verschiedenen Blattläusen berichtet wurde, können auf weniger starkem oder vorübergehendem Wassermangel in der Pflanze beruhen, wenn die Verringerung der erreichbaren Saftmenge von ihrer erhöhten Qualität mehr als ausgeglichen wird.
FOOD PLANT RELATIONSHIPS OF THE DIAMOND‐BACK MOTH (PLUTELLA MACULIPENNIS (CURT.)): I. Gustation and Olfaction in Relation to Botanical Specificity of the Larva
Authors: GUPTA P. D. , THORSTEINSON A. J. 
Published: April 2011

The exclusion of botanical species from the food plant range of the diamond‐back moth larva is determined not only by the infrequency of adequate stimulants for feeding but also by a high frequency of occurrence of feeding inhibitors. A few plant species lack feeding inhibitors but are excluded by a deficiency of feeding stimulants. Some plants are devoid of decisive feeding inhibitors and contain effective feeding stimulants but yet are excluded as host plants by the possession of toxic principles. At least one plant species, Pisum sativum, devoid of mustard oil glucosides, is sufficiently palatable, nutritious and free of toxicants to support successive generations of Plutella larvae in the laboratory. The free mustard oils in the natural host plants apparently tend to inhibit dispersal of the larvae.ResumeL'exclusion d'espèces botaniques comme plantes pouvant servir de nourriture à la larve de Plutella maculipennis est detérminée non seulement par la ra&#x030c;reté de stimulants nécessaires pour que l'insecte se nourrisse mais aussi par la présence fréquente de substances qui empěchent l'insecte de se nourrir. Quelques espèces de plantes qui n'ont pas de substances qui empěchent l'insecte de se nourrir, sont excluées par une déficience de stimulants. Certaines plantes n'ont pas de substances qui empěchent l'insecte de se nourrir et contiennent des stimulants efficaces, mais cependant elles sont excluées comme plantes nourricières par la possession de principes toxiques. Au moins une espèce de plante, Pisurn sativum, qui ne possède pas les glucosides d'huile de moutarde, est assez agréable au gou&#x030c;t, nourrissante et privée de toxines pour pouvoir soutenir des générations successives de larves de P. maculipennis dans la laboratoire. Les huiles de moutarde des plantes nourricières naturelles semblent empěcher la dispersion des larves.
DAILY RHYTHMS OF LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY IN SOME CARABIDAE (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: GREENSLADE P. J. M. 
Published: April 2011

The daily cycle of activity was investigated in a number of species of Carabidae. Most were either nocturnal or diurnal, but some were “plastic” and responded to environmental conditions.RésuméLES RHYTHMES JOURNALIERS DE L'ACTIVITÉ DE LOCOMOTION CHEZ DES CARABIDESLe cycle quotidien de l'activité des mouvements fut étudié chez plusieurs espeGces de Carabidae par observations d'élevage en insectarium.L'auteur a trouvé que la majorité des espeGces pourraient être classées strictement comme nocturnes ou diurnes.Certaines espeGces furent classées comme indifférentes, le cycle journalier de leur activité variant en fonction des modifications naturelles du milieu externe.