bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ecology ofDiplostomum phoxiniinfections in two minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) populations in Scotland
Authors: Barber I. , Crompton D.W.T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractData are presented on the infection dynamics of the brain-dwelling metacercariae ofDiplostomum phoxini(Digenea: Trematoda) parasitizing European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) populations in a lowland river (River Endrick) and a highland loch (Loch Maragan) in central Scotland. Prevalence of the parasite approached 100% in all samples taken from both populations over a 12-month period, and within each population the intensity of infection increased with increasing host fork length. However, the two relationships differed, and size-matched minnows from the Endrick exhibited significantly higher intensities than those from Loch Maragan, suggesting that metacercarial acquisition occurred at different rates in the two populations. Data regarding seasonal trends in the acquisition ofD. phoxiniindicated that fish in both populations become infected with the parasites mainly during the spring and summer, with negligible infection occurring during winter months. Analysis of size-matched fish from individual samples revealed apparent differences in the distribution ofD. phoxiniwithin the two host populations. WhereasD. phoxinimetacercariae appeared to be overdispersed amongst length-matched fish from Loch Maragan samples, the parasite was distributed normally amongst fish from the Endrick. Possible reasons for the observed differences in the infection characteristics ofD. phoxiniin the two minnow populations are discussed, with reference to the parasite's transmission dynamics and local environmental conditions.
Heterodera rostochiensis Population Density in Relation to Potato Growth
Authors: Peters B. G. 
Published: June 2009

By exposing potato plants in pots to a graded series of inocula of cysts of Heterodera rostochiensis, effects on the plant host have been investigated in terms of growth of shoots and tubers. High inocula reduce both criteria severely, but it appears that longer shoots and a larger weight of larger tubers are produced by plants exposed to a very low inoculum than by uninfested controls.Effects on final eelworm population show that multiplication is highest at the lowest inocula but that the net highest population results from a moderate inoculum. Thus, the kind of inoculum which would stimulate crop yields, would also lead to a large eelworm population: highest potato yields were associated with an eelworm multiplication factor of about ten-fold.
The Anatomy of Monodontus trigonocephalus (Rud.) of Sheep.
Authors: Cameron T. W. M. 
Published: June 2009

Since Looss described in detail the anatomy and histology of the type species of the family Ancylostomida no attempt has been made to study comparatively any of the other genera of this group.From its economic importance as a little-known, though frequent, parasite of ruminants and its scientific importance as type species of the second sub-family of the AncylostomidcB, Monodontus trigonocephalus has been selected for description.
Stages in the Direct Development of Hymenolepis longior Baylis
Authors: Scott H. H. 
Published: June 2009

Towards the end of 1923 the results of some feeding experiments of mice with gravid segments of Hymenolepis fraterna Stiles and Hymenolepis longior Baylis were described (Jl. Helminthology, Vol. 1, pp. 195–196). Intravillous cysticercoids were seen in animals killed on the fourth day after feeding and ova were passed by infected mice after an interval of 19 days.The suggestion having been put forward that this did not prove direct development and that the results could be explained by the mice shedding their villi containing cysticercoids, contaminating their food and re-ingesting them, further experiments were undertaken in order to note the progress of development from day to day, and also to find out whether ingested cysticercoids survive and produce adult cestodes.
OnCulicoidesas a Vector ofOnchocerca gibsoni(Cleland & Johnston, 1910)
Authors: Buckley J. J. C. 
Published: June 2009

The problem of the vector ofOnchoccrca gibsoniwas investigated in Kuala Lumpur, F.M.S., where the parasite is endemic and a high percentage of cattle is infected.For reasons which are outlined, the experimental work was confined to species ofCulicoidesandLasioheleaof which 18, possibly more, species were found on cattle, some of them being found to bite cattle in very large numbers daily.The distribution of the microfilariae of 0.gibsoniin the skin of live cattle was found to be very irregular, even within small areas of skin. In transverse sections of skin the microfilariae appear to have a maximum concentration just under the epidermis at a depth of ·05 to ·2 mm.0·52% of 1,523Culicoides pungens, which were dissected soon after an infective blood meal, were found to have picked up the microfilariae. 0·96% of 1,670 of this species, dissected some days after an infective blood meal, were found to have developing or mature filarial larvae in the thorax or head. 0·35% of 3,734 of this species, were found to be naturally infected with filarial larvae in the thorax or head. The difference between the experimental infection rate and the natural infection rate is shown statistically to be significant and it is concluded thatC. pungensis an intermediate host ofO. gibsoni.Culicoides oxystoma,C. shorttiandC. orientaliswere also dissected in large numbers and were found to pick up the microfilariae ofO. gibsoni; in each of these species the experimental infection rate exceeded the natural infection rate, but the difference in none of these is significant. It is concluded however, from the results obtained and from the morphological similarity of the mature larvae found in these species with that inC. pungens, that these species are also intermediate hosts ofO. gibsoni.C. peregrinusandC. buckleyiare suspected but not proven intermediate hosts.C. anophelisand/orC. anophelisv. flavcscensandLasiohelea stimulanswere found to pick up the microfilariae but only partial development was found in them.C. sumatraeandC. raripalpisalso picked up the microfilariae but no development was found in them. The remaining species worked with were entirely negative. In view, however, of the very minute percentage of infection which occurs inCulicoidesspp. and the large numbers which must be dissected to obtain positive results, the negative results given by these less common species are not necessarily conclusive.
On Enterobius vermicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Some Related Species from Primates and Rodent.
Authors: Sandosham A. A. 
Published: June 2009

The value of the hanging-drop technique as used by Professor Buckley for the examination of the different views of the tip of tail and head of small nematodes is stressed. The spicules of various species of Enterobius have been examined with polarized light and the significance of the basal portion of the spicules is discussed.E. vermicularis is recorded for the first time from the Chimpanzee(Anthropopithecus troglodytes), the Lar Gibbon of Malaya (Hylobates lar) and the Silky or Lion Marmoset (Leontocebus rosalia) all of which had been in the London Zoological Gardens for varying periods.The hitherto unķnown male of E. anthropopitheci is described and the female is redescribed.A new species, E. buckleyi from the Orang Utan(Pongo pygmaeus) is described.A new species, E. lerouxi from the Gorilla(Gorilla gorilla) is described. This is the first record of an Enterobius from this host.E. bipapillatus is described and recorded for the first time from the Guenon Monkey(Cercopithecus aethiops) from S. Rhodesia.A new species, E. brevicauda is described from the Chacma Baboon(Papio porcarius) from S. Rhodesia. This is the first record of an Enterobius from this host.Negative findings for Enterobius are recorded from ten postmortem examinations and fourteen NIH swab examinations of Rhesus Monkeys(Macaca mulata).A new species, E. interlabiata is described from the Feline Douroucouli(Aotus felinus) from S. America. This is the first record of an Enterobius from this host.In view of the criticism of Kreis (1932) the type and paratype material of E. atelis, E. lagothricis and E. duplicidens and some more recent collection of E. lagothricis have been re-examined and the findings of Cameron (1929) and Buckley (1981) confirmed.
On a New Caryophyllaeid Cestode, Adenoscolex oreini gen. et sp. nov. from Fresh-water Fish in Kashmir, and a Note on some Related Genera
Authors: Fotedar D. N. 
Published: June 2009

1. A new Caryophyllaeid cestode Adenoscolex oreini n.g., n.sp., from fresh-water fish, Oreinus sinuatus, is described.2. Genus Bothrioscolex Szidat, 1937 is regarded as a synonym of the genus Khawia Hsü, 1935. The existing species of Khawia are listed and are briefly described.
A Redescription of the NematodeParaspidodera sellsiMorgan, 1927 and its Removal to a New Genus, Morgascaridia
Authors: Inglis William G. 
Published: June 2009

A new genusMorgascaridiais proposed forParaspidodera sellsiMorgan, 1927, which is redescribed.The systematic position of the new genus, and of the genusSchneidernema, is discussed and it is suggested that both should be referred to the family Ascaridiidae.The systematic position of the family Ascaridiidae is considered and it is believed to show greatest resemblances to the families placed by Chabaud in the superfamily Ascaridoidea, and is accordingly referred to that superfamily.
On an Infection of a Human Eye with Philophthaltnus sp. in Ceylon
Authors: Dissanaike A. S. , Bilimoria D. P. 
Published: June 2009

A human case of Philophthahmis infection in the eye is reported from Ceylon. Reasons are given for not attempting a specific diagnosis.This is the second record of this genvs from man, and is also the first trematode to be observed from man in Ceylon.We are grateful to Professor V. Sivalingam for facilities to identify and report on the parasite, and to Professor J. J. C. Buckley for his suggestions. The photomicrograph was kindly prepared by Mr. R. Surendranatham of the Medical Research institute, Colombo.
On a New Trematode, Astiotrema sudanensis, sp. nov., from a Freshwater Turtle in the Sudan
Authors: Khalil L. F. 
Published: June 2009

Seven specimens of this new species were collected from the intestine of a freshwater turtle, Trionyx triungnis (═T. nilotica) in the Sudan.These are lanceolate worms which gradually taper to rounded ends, with a length of 2⋅5–2⋅9 mm. and a width of 0⋅6–0⋅9 mm. The cuticle is invested with scales, dense in the anterior half of the worm, but becoming more and more sparse towards the caudal end. The oral sucker is large, measuring 0⋅23–0⋅27 mm. in diameter and is about one and a half times the diameter of the ventral sucker which measures 0⋅14–0⋅17 mm. in diameter. Both suckers lie in the anterior half of the body. The mouth is subterminal and leads to a pharynx which is stout, 0⋅7–0⋅8 mm. by 0⋅11–0⋅12 mm., and leads to a long oesophagus of 0⋅25–0⋅32 mm. in length. The caeca terminate at the posterior border of the posterior testis or slightly anterior to it.
On a New Genus, Sandonella, for Proteocephalus sandoni Lynsdale, 1960, (Proteocephalidae) and the Erection of a New Subfamily, Sandonellinae
Authors: Khalil L. F. 
Published: June 2009

1. A new genus Sandondla is erected for the cestode Proteocephalus sandoni Lynsdale, 1960, on the basis of the position of the vitellaria in two compact bands posterior to the ovarian lobes, and Sandondla sandoni n.comb. is made the genotype.2. A new subfamily Sandonellinae is added to the existing 8 subfamilies of the family Proteocephalidae and a key of the 9 subfamilies is given.
On a Remarkable New Nematode,Lappetascaris lutjanigen. et sp. nov. (Anisakidae: Ascaridoidea) from Marine Fishes of Karachi and an Account ofThynnascaris inquies(Linton, 1901) n.comb. andGoezia intermedian.sp.
Authors: Rasheed Suraiya 
Published: June 2009

1. Three exceedingly interesting parasites of the super-family Ascaridoidea have been discussed in this paper. A new genus Lappetascaris is described from two different kinds of fish and a new subfamily has been established to include this genus. The latter is based on its peculiar head structures and the cuticle.2.Thynnascaris inquies(Linton, 1901) n.comb, is reported for the first time since its original description, from the type host of a new locality.3.Goezia intermedian.sp. is described and a comparative study of the related species has been carried out.
Susceptibility of Some Planorbid Snails to Infection with Schistosoma rodhaini from Kenya
Authors: Saoud M. F. A. 
Published: June 2009

1. Biomphalaria p. nairobiensis, B. p. ruppelli and B. s. tanganyicensis have been found to be moderately susceptible to S. rodhaini from Kenya. A. glabratus from Puerto Rico is partially susceptible to the parasite. However, B. s. sudanica, B. dlexandrina, A. glabratus (Puerto Rico, albino strain) are refractory to infection with the same parasite from Kenya.2. The present results together with those of some previous investigators suggest the existence of geographical strains of S. rodhaini.
A Review of the GenusOxyspiruraDrasche in Stossich, 1897 (Nematoda: Thelaziidae) with Descriptions of Fourteen New Species
Authors: Jairapuri Durdana S. , Siddiqi Ather H. 
Published: June 2009

During the last two decades a number of species have been described in the already large genusOxyspiruraDrasche in Stossich, 1897. Twenty four new species have been described from India alone ; 2 by Singh (1948), 9 by Ali (1960), 4 by Rasheed (1960), 8 by Sultana (1964) and one by Siddiqi and M. S. Jairajpuri (1964). Recently, Oliveira Rodrigues (1962, '63) added 5 species from Brazil and Barus (1963, '65) 2 species, one from U.S.S.R. and the other from Czechoslovakia.A survey of avian nematodes of Uttar Pradesh in India and Shagunu, Northern Nigeria yielded a number of worms from the orbital cavities of different birds. They represent 14 unidentified species ofOxyspiruraand are here described as new.All measurements are in millimetres unless otherwise stated.
A New Species of the Genus Strongylus Müller, 1780 from the Black Rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis L. and a Note on the Other Species Occurring in Kenya
Authors: Round M. C. 
Published: June 2009

Strongylus (Dicerocola) tremletti sp.nov. is described from the black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis L. from Kenya.The affinities of S. (D.) tremletti sp.nov. with the other species of the genus Strongylus Müller, 1780 are discussed and the subgenus Dicerocola subgen.nov. is erected to contain it.The species of Strongylus in Kenya are noted and original drawings of S. (D.) asini Boulenger, 1920 are included.
Carbohydrate reserves and phosphatase activity in the mollusc-trematode relationship ofMytilus edulisL. andProctoeces maculatus(Looss, 1901) Odhner, 1911
Authors: Dennis Emmet A. , Sharp Marian , Douglass Rudd 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBiochemical and histochemical techniques were employed to study tissue distribution, and concentrations of carbohydrate reserves and phosphatase activity in uninfected Mytilus edulis and specimens parasitized byProctoeces maculatus. Glycogen was stored in the mantle, hepatopancreas, labial palps and mesosomal Leydig cells of the mussel, and in the body parenchyma of post-miracidial stages of the trematode. The glycogen content of the mantle and hepatopancreas increased steadily from January to a maximum level in June and then declined sharply to a minimum level in December. No differences were observed in the annual glycogen cycle of infected and uninfected mussels. Starvation of mussels at a temperature conducive to high metabolic activity of the worms resulted in a rapid decline in the glycogen content of infected mussels by the first week of starvation. A stable glycogen concentration was maintained for 4 weeks by starved uninfected mussels. The distribution of acid phosphatase activity in the tissues ofM. edulisandP. maculatuswas greater than that of alkaline phosphatase activity, but increased alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in the haemolymph of mussels infected with adultP. maculatus.
A new record of the occurrence of Trichuris skrjabini Baskakov, 1924 in sheep in Britain
Authors: Hinks M. I. , Thomas R. J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn a survey of large intestine material from sheep in North East England, Trichuris ovis and T. skrjabini were recovered. This is the first record of T. skrjabini in Western Europe. The two species can be separated on the length, shape and degree of eversion of the spicule in the male, and on the type of vulval expansion, nature of the vagina and straight portion of the ovary in the female. The relative dominance of T. ovis compared with T. skrjabini in Britain may be attributable to the faster rate of development of the pasture stages of the former species.
Studies onOnchocerca cervicalisRailliet and Henry 1910: 3. Morphological and taxonomic studies onOnchocerca cervicalisfrom British horses
Authors: Mellor Philip S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDistinct morphological differences were found between microfilariae ofOnchocerca cervicalisin the uterus of the adult and those in the skin of the horse, suggesting that development occurs during migration from the adult worm to the skin.Uterine microfilariae can be divided into two types which represent stages of development not embryonic male and female worms.Skin microfilariae ofO. cervicaliswere readily distinguishable from those ofO. volvulusandO. gutturosa. Morphological comparisons between adult and larvalO. cervicaliscollected during this project with published descriptions ofO. reticulatashow that there is insufficient evidence for their specific separation.The first two papers in this series have dealt with the prevalence ofOnchocerca cervicalisin British horses and with the pathology caused by the parasite to the definitive host. The present paper is concerned with the morphology and taxonomy of the parasite, particularly the microfilarial stage.
The spatial distribution ofDactylogyrus amphibothriumon the gills of ruffeGymnocephalus cernuaand its relation to the relative amounts of water passing over the parts of the gills
Authors: Wootten R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe spatial distribution of the monogeneanDactylogyrus amphibothriumover the gill apparatus of the ruffeGymnocephalus cernuawas non-random, parasites being aggregated on certain areas of the gills. By plotting the distribution over the gills of the glochidia ofAnodonta cygnea, the relative amounts of water passing over the different parts of the gill apparatus was determined experimentally. The observed distribution of D.amphibothriumwas then compared with the distribution of the glochidia. The results obtained suggest that the site of attachment ofD. amphibothriumis influenced at least in part by the direction and force of the respiratory current over the gills. Most parasites select a site where they are not subjected to its full force.
Some observations on the redia, cercaria and metacercaria of Opisthodiscus nigrivasis (v. Mehlij, 1929) Odening, 1959 (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae)
Authors: Simon-Vicente F. , Martinez-Fernandez A. , Cordero Del Campillo M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe redia, cercaria and metacercaria of Opisthodiscus nigrivasis from Ancylastrum fluviatilis are described. Observations were made on the behaviour of the cercaria and experimental infections with metacercariae have been carried out in laboratory-raised frogs of the species Rana ridibunda. Some features of the morphology of these juvenile stages and aspects of the behaviour of the cercaria are compared with those of others related species.The best known biological cycles in the Diplodiscinae are those of Diplodiscus subclavatus (Pallas, 1970) Diesing, 1836, and Megalodiscus temperatus (Stafford, 1905) Hanvood, 1932. The first was described by Looss (1892), who showed that the molluscs Planorbis nitidus, Pl. vortex, Pl. rotundatus, Pl. spirorbis and Pl. contortus acted as intermediate hosts. More recently Milka (1970) found young forms of D. subclavatus in Pl. planorbis and gave a brief description of the redia and cercaria of this species.
Two new species of the nematode genus Spirura Blanchard, 1849 from bats in Tanzania
Authors: Khalil L. F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSpirura hipposidcrosi n.sp. from the stomach of Hipposideros ruber resembles S. diplocyphos but differs in the head structure, the shape and size of the spicules, the position of the vulva and the presence of a tuft of spines in the male tail. Spirura nycterisi n.sp. from Nycteris thebaica and Hipposideros ruber resembles S. spinicaudata but differs in the presence of a membrane round the posterior half of the left spicule, the presence of a tuft of spines at the tip of the male tail, the position of the vulva and the size of the eggs. A key to the African species of Spirura is given.
Exposure of Caged Biomphalaria glabrata (Say) to Investigate Dispersion of Miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon in Outdoor Habitats in St. Lucia
Authors: Upatham Edward Suchart 
Published: June 2009

1. Laboratory studies showed two types of cages to be suitable for exposing uninfected B. glabrata in field habitats as a means of locating S. mansoni miracidial infestations.2. Tests conducted in tanks under simulated field conditions showed that miracidia moved away from the point of inoculation in non-random fashion and congregated at the margins of the tanks.3. In a natural habitat, miracidia located and infected caged snails at distances of 33 cm vertically and 106·7 cm horizontally.4. The pattern of infection was similar in the simulated field and field experiments, but field infection rates were lower.5. For transmission studies in field habitats, caged laboratorybred snails should be placed at the margin of the habitat to ensure the maximum snail-miracidium interaction.
Continuous feed medication with thiabendazole for the removal of Hymenolepis nana, Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera in naturally infected mice
Authors: Taffs L. F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA medicated diet containing 0.3% thiabendazole fed continuously to 26 mice for 7 days removed 9 out of 11 (82%) Hymenolepis nana, (one tapeworm remaining in each of two mice), 17 out of 17 (100%) Syphacia obvelata and 8 out of 8 (100%) Aspiculuris tetraptera infections. By contrast in 26 non-treated mice 9 out of 10 Hymenolepis, 17 out of 18 Syphacia and 8 out of 8 Aspiculuris infections persisted through the 7 day treatment period, and at post mortem examination 38 Hymenolepsis, 1,562 Syphacia and 4,911 Aspiculuris worms were recovered. In a second experiment 100% removal of 23 Hymenolepis and 20 Syphacia infections was obtained after 14 days medication of 38 mice. High activity against both roundyvorms and tapeworms of mice was thus obtained using one single drug. Some unexplained deaths amongst inbred strain C3H/Hef Nimr mice occurred within seven day's of the continuous medication.
A comparison of Sudanese and South African strains ofSchistosoma haematobium
Authors: James C. , Webbe G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe worm recoveries of two different strains ofSchistosoma haematobiumfrom male hamsters and their egg-laying capacities are studied. The infection rates obtained, the growth of worms and the distribution of eggs in hamster tissues are compared with those previously described for other strains ofS. haematobium.Previous studies have shown that different geographical strains ofSchistosoma haematobiumhave specific characteristics which reflect the infra-specific variations of this complex species (Webbe and James, 1971a, b; James and Webbe, 1973). The present paper records further observations on two strains of the parasite from the Sudan (Khartoum) and South Africa (Nelspruit).