bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stathmin1 overexpression associated with polyploidy, tumor‐cell invasion, early recurrence, and poor prognosis in human hepatoma
Authors: Hsieh Sen‐Yung , Huang Shiu‐Feng , Yu Ming‐Chin , Yeh Ta‐Sen , Chen Tse‐Chin , Lin Yu‐Jr , Chang Chee‐Jen , Sung Chang‐Mung , Lee Yun‐Lin , Hsu Chih‐Yun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFrequent intrahepatic metastasis causes early tumor recurrence and dismaying prognosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We recently identified overexpression of stathmin1 (STMN1) in human HCC. This study was designed to elucidate the clinical and biological significance of overexpression of STMN1 in HCC. Expression of STMN1 was conducted by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting assays on 58 pairs of HCC and para‐tumor liver tissues from patients with HCC along with normal liver tissues as the controls. Association of STMN1 overexpression with tumor recurrence and prognosis was investigated by Kaplan–Meier cumulative survival and Cox Regression analyses. Roles of STMN1 in cell cycle, cell motility, and invasion were determined by in vitro assays. STMN1 overexpression in hepatoma was strongly associated with local invasion (P = 0.031), early recurrence (P = 0.002), and poor prognosis (P = 0.005), and was an independent indicator for tumor recurrence (P = 0.0045). STMN1 overexpression further identified subgroups of HCC patients with higher tumor recurrence and worse prognosis among HCC patients with early tumor stage (T1) or intermediate histological grades (G2 and G3), both of whom represent the majority of HCC patients receiving primary curative hepatectomy. Silencing STMN1 expression via RNA interference suppressed invasion activity, while ectopic expression of STMN1 enhanced cell invasion and caused polyploidy of cells. In conclusion, STMN1 overexpression could predict early tumor recurrence and poor prognosis, particularly at early stage of hepatoma. Overexpression of STMN1 promoted polyploidy formation, tumor‐cell invasion, and intrahepatic metastasis, suggesting that STMN1 can be a target for anti‐cancer therapy of human hepatoma. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimated drug use based on direct questioning and open‐ended questions: responses in the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Authors: Kroutil Larry A. , Vorburger Michael , Aldworth Jeremy , Colliver James D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSubstance use surveys may use open‐ended items to supplement questions about specific drugs and obtain more exhaustive information on illicit drug use. However these questions are likely to underestimate the prevalence of use of specific drugs. Little is known about the extent of such underestimation or the groups most prone to under‐reporting. Using data from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), a civilian, non‐institutionalized population survey of persons aged 12 or older in the United States, we compared drug use estimates based on open‐ended questions with estimates from a new set of direct questions that occurred later in the interview. For these drugs, estimates of lifetime drug use based on open‐ended questions often were at least seven times lower than those based on direct questions. Among adults identified in direct questions as substance users, lower educational levels were consistently associated with non‐reporting of use in the open‐ended questions. Given NSDUH's large annual sample size (∼67  000 interviews), combining data across future survey years could increase our understanding of characteristics associated with non‐reporting of use in open‐ended questions and allow drug use trends to be extrapolated to survey years in which only open‐ended question data are available. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cucurbitane‐type triterpene glycosides from the fruits of Momordica charantia
Authors: Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Kiem Phan Van , Minh Chau Van , Ban Ninh Khac , Cuong Nguyen Xuan , Ha Le Minh , Tai Bui Huu , Quang Tran Hong , Tung Nguyen Huu , Kim Young Ho 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe chemical study of Momordica charantia fruits led to the isolation of three new cucurbitane triterpene glycosides, momordicosides U, V, and W (1–3). The structures of these compounds were determined to be (19R, 23R)‐5β, 19‐epoxy‐19‐methoxycucurbita‐6,24‐diene‐3β, 23‐diol 3‐O‐β‐D‐allopyranoside (1), (23R)‐5β, 19‐epoxycucurbita‐6,24‐diene‐3β, 23‐diol 3‐O‐β‐D‐allopyranoside (2), and (19R)‐5β, 19‐epoxy‐19,25‐dihydroxycucurbita‐6,23(E)‐diene‐3β‐ol 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3), by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probabilistic yielding and cyclic behavior of geomaterials
Authors: Sett Kallol , Jeremić Boris 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the novel concept of probabilistic yielding is used for 1‐D cyclic simulation of the constitutive behavior of geomaterials. Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation‐based probabilistic elastic–plastic constitutive framework is applied for obtaining the complete probabilistic (probability density function) material response. Both perfectly plastic and hardening‐type material models are considered. It is shown that when uncertainties in material parameters are taken into consideration, even the simple, elastic‐perfectly plastic model captures some of the important features of geomaterial behavior, for example, modulus reduction with cyclic strain, which, deterministically, is only possible with more advanced constitutive models. Furthermore, it is also shown that the use of isotropic and kinematic hardening rules does not significantly improve the probabilistic material response. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of potential failure risks in a mine slope using indicator kriging
Authors: Lana M. S. , Cabral I. E. , Gripp A. H. , Gripp M. F. A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIndicator kriging has been applied to the study of failure mechanisms in a mine slope in Minas Gerais, Brazil, to estimate potential failure risks in limited areas along this slope. Timbopeba Mine, Vale Company, is an open pit iron mine situated in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, a very important mining district in Minas Gerais. A slope excavated in quartzite with a maximum height of 200 m at the time of this study, has presented many failure problems involving the sliding of blocks formed by discontinuities. These blocks are of limited size in comparison to the dimensions of the overall slope. They appear along the entire slope, wherever discontinuity orientations have led to the kinematic feasibility of these blocks. Geostatistics permits the estimation of local failure probability distributions associated to these local failures, which would not be possible with traditional statistical models. The geostatistical method employed in this study, indicator kriging, is quite suitable because it is unnecessary to assume a particular global distribution of the phenomena being modeled. The model was used for locating areas with a great tendency for sliding failure, as it considers the local spatial variability of discontinuity orientations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the interaction between fluid flow and particle movement with discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method
Authors: Koyama Tomofumi , Nishiyama Satoshi , Yang Meng , Ohnishi Yuzo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCoupled hydro‐mechanical processes in granular media represent the interaction between solid particles movement and fluid flow during external and/or internal loading. The processes attract attention in geotechnical engineering since they cause many disasters such as landslide, slope collapse, boiling/quicksand and soil liquefaction, etc. This study presents a numerical method combining discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) for mechanical calculation and finite element method for fluid flow simulation to model the interaction between solid particles' movement and fluid flow from microscopic point of view. The term of hydraulic pressure was newly formulated and introduced to the original DDA. The simplified examples are given to verify the new method, and the computational results correlate well with the theoretical calculations, further development is also considered. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compressibility and permeability of sand–kaolin mixtures. Experiments versus non‐linear homogenization schemes
Authors: Boutin Claude , Kacprzak Grzegorz , Thiep Doanh 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study deals with the behaviour of mixtures of sand and saturated kaolin paste considered as composite materials made of permeable and deformable (with non‐linear behaviour) matrix (the kaolin paste) with rigid and impervious inclusions (the sand grains). Oedometric and permeability tests highlight the key role of the state of the clay paste, and show the existence of a threshold of sand grain concentration above which a structuring effect influences both compressibility and permeability. At the light of these experiments two homogenization schemes (with simplifying assumptions to make the problem manageable) are considered to model these two parameters. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with experimental data point out their respective domain of interest and limitations: a tangent homogenization scheme is shown to be sufficient to describe the macroscopic properties for dilute sand concentration; above the concentration threshold, the structuring effect is captured by the new homogenization scheme developed in this paper. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of the exact constitutive relationship of modified Cam clay to the undrained expansion of a spherical cavity
Authors: Silvestri Vincenzo , Abou‐Samra Ghassan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe modified Cam clay (MCC) model is used to study the response of virgin‐compressed clay subjected to undrained triaxial compression. The MCC constitutive relationship is obtained in a closed form. Both elastic and plastic deviatoric strains are considered in the analysis. The solution allows to obtain total and effective stress paths followed by the clay in undrained spherical expansion. Pore water pressures are determined from the difference between total and effective mean stresses. For illustration purposes, the analysis is also applied to the well‐known reconstituted normally consolidated London clay and the results are compared with the recently published data obtained by a numerical approach. In addition, the Almansi large strains are used in the analysis, as these allow to obtain limit expansion and pore pressures, whereas both small‐strain and logarithmic‐strain approaches do not permit to determine them. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on interaction between dissimilar piles in layered soils
Authors: Zhang Qianqing , Zhang Zhongmiao 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper, under the assumption that the pile–pile interaction showed elasticity, analyzed the pile–pile interaction between two dissimilar piles in layered soils using the shear displacement method and taking the sheltering effect into account to modify the conventional interaction factor between two dissimilar piles. The linear stiffness of single pile was adopted herein to analyze the influence of the pile stiffness factor, the pile length factor, and the diameter of shorter pile on the pile–pile interaction factor between two dissimilar piles. The interaction factor between two dissimilar piles drew from the present method was generally in good agreement with the interaction factor computed by Wong and Poulos. However, this paper intends to provide a different but more convenient means of estimating the interaction factor between piles that have dissimilar diameters, lengths and pile tip conditions, and the settlement of dissimilar piles in pile groups. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dilatancy of granular materials in a strain space multiple mechanism model
Authors: Iai Susumu , Tobita Tetsuo , Ozutsumi Osamu , Ueda Kyohei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA granular material consists of an assemblage of particles with contacts newly formed or disappeared, changing the micromechanical structures during macroscopic deformation. These structures are idealized through a strain space multiple mechanism model as a twofold structure consisting of a multitude of virtual two‐dimensional mechanisms, each of which consists of a multitude of virtual simple shear mechanisms of one‐dimensional nature. In particular, a second‐order fabric tensor describes direct macroscopic stress–strain relationship, and a fourth‐order fabric tensor describes incremental relationship. In this framework of modeling, the mechanism of interlocking defined as the energy less component of macroscopic strain provides an appropriate bridge between micromechanical and macroscopic dilative component of dilatancy. Another bridge for contractive component of dilatancy is provided through an obvious hypothesis on micromechanical counterparts being associated with virtual simple shear strain. It is also postulated that the dilatancy along the stress path beyond a line slightly above the phase transformation line is only due to the mechanism of interlocking and increment in dilatancy due to this interlocking eventually vanishing for a large shear strain. These classic postulates form the basis for formulating the dilatancy in the strain space multiple mechanism model. The performance of the proposed model is demonstrated through simulation of undrained behavior of sand under monotonic and cyclic loading. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bearing capacity factors of circular foundations for a general c–ϕ soil using lower bound finite elements limit analysis
Authors: Kumar Jyant , Khatri Vishwas N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBy using the lower bound limit analysis in conjunction with finite elements and linear programming, the bearing capacity factors due to cohesion, surcharge and unit weight, respectively, have been computed for a circular footing with different values of ϕ. The recent axisymmetric formulation proposed by the authors under ϕ=0 condition, which is based on the concept that the magnitude of the hoop stress (σθ) remains closer to the least compressive normal stress (σ3), is extended for a general c–ϕ soil. The computational results are found to compare quite well with the available numerical results from literature. It is expected that the study will be useful for solving various axisymmetric geotechnical stability problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenylbutyrate induces apoptosis and lipid accumulations via a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma‐dependent pathway
Authors: Milkevitch Matthew , Beardsley Nancy J. , Delikatny E. James 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe effects of the selective peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐gamma (PPAR‐γ) inhibitor GW9662 on phenylbutyrate (PB)‐induced NMR‐detectable lipid metabolites was investigated on DU145 prostate cancer cells. DU145 cells were perfused with 10 mM PB in the presence or absence of 1 µM of GW9662 and the results monitored by 31P and diffusion‐weighted 1H NMR spectroscopy. GW9662 completely reversed PB‐induced NMR‐visible lipid and total choline accumulation in 1H spectra and glycerophosphocholine and β‐NTP in 31P spectra. In addition, pre‐incubation with GW9662 significantly reduced PB‐induced caspase‐3 activation, reversed the G1 block as measured by flow cytometry, and otherwise had little effect on cell survival as measured by MTT assay. These results suggest that the NMR visible lipid accumulation and apoptosis induced by PB treatment occurs through a mechanism that is mediated by PPAR‐γ. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel geometric multigrid for global weather prediction
Authors: Buckeridge Sean , Scheichl Robert 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe subject of this work is an optimal and scalable parallel geometric multigrid solver for elliptic problems on the sphere, crucial to the forecasting and the data assimilation tools used at the U.K. Met office. The optimality of multilevel techniques for elliptic problems makes them a suitable choice for these applications. The Met office uses spherical polar grids which, although structured, have the drawback of creating strong anisotropies near the poles. Moreover, a higher resolution in the radial direction introduces further anisotropies, and so modifications to the standard multigrid relaxation and the coarsening procedures are necessary to retain optimal efficiency. As the strength of anisotropy varies, we propose a non‐uniform strategy, coarsening the grid only in regions that are sufficiently isotropic. This is combined with line relaxation in the radial direction. The success of non‐uniform coarsening strategies has been demonstrated with algebraic multigrid (AMG) methods. Without the large setup costs required by AMG, however, we aim to surpass them with the geometric approach. We demonstrate the advantages of the method with experiments on model problems, both sequentially and in parallel, and show robustness and optimal efficiency of the method with constant convergence factors of less than 0.1. It substantially outperforms Krylov subspace methods with one‐level preconditioners and the BoomerAMG implementation of AMG on typical grid resolutions. The parallel implementation scales almost optimally on up to 256 processors, so that a global solve of the quasi‐geostrophic omega‐equation with a maximum horizontal resolution of about 10 km and 3 × 109 unknowns takes about 60 s. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High resolution DNA melting analysis: an application for prenatal control of α‐thalassemia
Authors: Sirichotiyakul Supatra , Wanapirak Chanane , Saetung Rattika , Sanguansermsri Torpong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo report the use of real‐time gap‐PCR using SYTO9 with high‐resolution melting analysis (HRMA) in prenatal diagnosis of α‐thalassemia 1.Materials and methodsReal‐time gap‐PCR using SYTO9 with HRMA was performed in 33 DNA samples from chorionic villi sampling (8 normal, 16 heterozygous, and 9 homozygous) to determine the α‐thalassemia 1 gene [normal and Southeast Asia (−SEA) allele].ResultThe dissociation curve analysis in normal and − SEA allele gave a peak of Tm at 91.80 ± 0.14 °C and 88.67 ± 0.08 °C, respectively. Normal genotype and homozygous α‐thalassemia 1 showed a single peak of Tm that corresponded to their alleles. The heterozygotes gave both peaks with higher normal peak and smaller − SEA peak. Thirty one samples showed consistent results with the conventional gap‐PCR. Two samples with ambiguous results were confirmed to be maternal DNA contamination on real‐time quantitative PCR and microsatellite assay. HRMA from both samples showed similar pattern to that of heterozygotes. However, they showed much smaller normal peak compared with the − SEA peak, which is in contrast to those of heterozygotes and can readily be distinguished.ConclusionHRMA with SYTO9 is feasible for prenatal diagnosis of α‐thalassemia. It had potential advantage of prompt detection maternal DNA contamination. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RIE‐induced carrier lifetime degradation
Authors: Zin Ngwe Soe , Blakers Andrew , Weber Klaus 
Published: March 2010

AbstractReactive Ion Etching (RIE) is used in the fabrication of some types of solar cells to achieve a highly directional etch. However, cells fabricated using RIE have lower than expected efficiency, possibly caused by increased carrier recombination. Characterisation of the carrier lifetime in solar cells was conducted using the quasi steady state photoconductance (QSSPC) measurement technique. Substantial effective lifetime degradation was observed for silicon samples processed by RIE. Lifetime degradation for samples where RIE etches into silicon is found to be permanent, while for samples where RIE etches only on dielectric layers of SiO2 grown on the wafer, the lifetime degradation is found to be reversible. The reversible degradation in RIE‐processed samples is associated with radiation damage. By reducing the proportion of a wafer exposed to RIE, the degradation of the effective lifetime of RIE‐etched silicon samples can be minimised, and the performance of silicon solar cells can be improved significantly. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of emitter saturation current densities determined by injection‐dependent lifetime spectroscopy in high and low injection regimes
Authors: Reichel C. , Granek F. , Benick J. , Schultz‐Wittmann O. , Glunz S. W. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe determination of the emitter saturation current densityJ0eof symmetrical test structures, analyzed by injection‐dependent lifetime spectroscopy (IDLS), in high as well as in low injection regimes is compared. A detailed investigation of the influence of different models for the Auger recombination on the evaluation of the measured minority carrier lifetime is performed. It can be concluded that a good agreement for the extraction ofJ0eunder high and low injection conditions for lightly and highly doped emitters on textured and untextured surfaces was obtained if the Auger parameterization of Kerret al.is applied. For deep‐diffused emitter profiles on textured surfaces a significant increase ofJ0ewell above the geometrical surface area ratio of untextured and textured surfaces of 1.7 was observed. A verification of the experimentally determined values forJ0eis performed by numerical device simulations. The simulated surface recombination velocity for the investigated emitter doping profiles is in good agreement to analytical calculations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Durability of Pb‐free solder between copper interconnect and silicon in photovoltaic cells
Authors: Cuddalorepatta Gayatri , Dasgupta Abhijit , Sealing Scott , Moyer Jerome , Tolliver Todd , Loman James 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe thermal cycling durability of large‐area Pb‐free (Sn3.5Ag) solder between silicon semiconductor and copper interconnects in photovoltaic (PV) cells is assessed and compared to benchmark results from Pb‐based (Sn36Pb2Ag) PV cells. Accelerated thermal cycling tests have been conducted on PV cells of both solder compositions, and the increase in series resistance due to interconnect damage has been characterized usingin situdarkI–Vmeasurements. Both the Pb‐free and Pb‐based cells show a steep initial rise followed by a steady rate of increase in degradation histories, with the Pb‐free cells showing a more pronounced ‘knee’ in the degradation curves. Extrapolation of the degradation data for both solders suggests that Pb‐free cells are four times more durable than the Pb‐based cells at the test condition. This superior thermal cycling fatigue durability of Pb‐free cells was also confirmed with physics of failure (PoF) analysis, consisting of nonlinear finite element (FE) stress analysis and an energy‐partitioning (E‐P) solder fatigue model. FE models error‐seeded with manufacturing voids in the solder interconnect predicted a significant reduction in the thermal cycling durability with increasing solder void density. However, even the most voided Pb‐free cells modeled are predicted to be twice as durable as void‐free Pb‐based cells, under the accelerated temperature cycle used in the test. The acceleration factor (AF) predicted by the PoF analysis for a typical service environment is three times higher for Pb‐free cells than that for Pb‐based cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.