bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of tobacco bacterial disease resistance using cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase and Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase
Authors: Faize M. , Burgos L. , Faize L. , Petri C. , Barba‐Espin G. , Díaz‐Vivancos P. , Clemente‐Moreno M. J. , Alburquerque N. , Hernandez J. A. 
Published: December 2011

The effect of over‐expression in tobacco plants of cytosolic Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase (cytsod) and ascorbate peroxidase (cytapx) alone, or in combination, against bacterial wildfire and crown gall diseases, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, respectively, was investigated. Disease tolerance was observed in all the transgenic lines against the two causal agents, with various levels of resistance, with the double transformants (lines 35 and 39) the most resistant against bacterial wild fire. In the case of P. syringae pv. tabaci, disease tolerance and symptom decrease was associated with a lower bacterial population and a higher level of several antioxidant defence enzymes. Transgenic lines also exhibited an enhanced tolerance against A. tumefaciens, with the transgenic line harbouring cytapx (line 51) the most resistant to crown gall disease. However, this was only observed with strain C58 among the three pathogenic strains tested. These results suggest that cytosolic antioxidant defences have a role in increasing tolerance to the oxidative stress caused by some bacterial pathogens, and resistance of these tobacco lines to wildfire disease seems to be independent of tissue necrosis.
Predicting allergic disease at age four using an atopy predisposition score at age two: the application of item response theory
Authors: Sucharew Heidi , Khoury Jane C. , Rao Marepalli , Succop Paul , Bernstein David , Ryan Patrick H. , LeMasters Grace 
Published: December 2011

To cite this article: Sucharew H, Khoury JC, Rao M, Succop P, Bernstein D, Ryan PH, LeMasters G. Predicting allergic disease at age four using an atopy predisposition score at age two: the application of item response theory. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: 23: 195–201.AbstractWhen defining allergic outcomes in epidemiology studies, results of the skin prick test (SPT) panel are often dichotomized as positive/negative or categorized based on the number of positive responses. Item response theory (IRT) models, however, may prove to be a better alternative with the ability to generate scores that account for both type and number of positive SPTs. IRT was applied to SPT responses administered to 537 children at age two to determine predictability of allergic disease at age four. The children received SPTs to 15 aeroallergens and two foods. Atopy predisposition scores were obtained from the IRT model using the posterior distribution of the latent trait, atopy. These scores were used to predict persistent wheeze, rhino‐conjunctivitis, and eczema at age four. Results were compared to the dichotomized and categorical (positive to ≥2, positive to one, vs. negative to all allergens) SPT variables. At age two, 39% of children had at least one positive SPT. All three allergic disease outcomes were significantly associated with IRT atopy scores: persistent wheeze odds ratio (OR) = 1.7 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 2.3); rhino‐conjunctivitis OR = 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2, 2.3); eczema OR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2, 2.3). In contrast, rhino‐conjunctivitis was the only outcome significantly associated with the dichotomized SPT variable with an OR = 1.9 (95% CI: 1.2, 3.0). For the categorical SPT variable, all three allergic symptoms were significantly associated with positive to ≥2 allergens compared to negative to all, but no difference was observed between those with positive to one compared to negative to all. The IRT model proved to be an informative methodology to assess the predictability of early SPT responses and identify the allergens most associated with atopy predisposition.
Individual Variation in Behavioural Reactions to Unfamiliar Conspecific Vocalisation and Hormonal Underpinnings in Male Chimpanzees
Authors: Kutsukake Nobuyuki , Teramoto Migaku , Homma Seijiro , Mori Yusuke , Matsudaira Kazunari , Kobayashi Hisao , Ishida Takafumi , Okanoya Kazuo , Hasegawa Toshikazu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIt has been established that various species exhibit personality, defined as intra‐individual consistency and inter‐individual variation in behavioural phenotypes. For example, certain individuals may demonstrate consistently greater behavioural reactions and elevated stress responses. We conducted playback experiments and hormonal analyses on male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in captivity to investigate the patterns and proximate mediators of individual variations in behavioural reactions. We found intra‐individual consistency and inter‐individual variation in behavioural reactions (intensive vigilance towards the direction of speakers) to vocalisations by unfamiliar chimpanzees. This behavioural reaction was positively correlated with changes in salivary cortisol concentration, suggesting that stress is a proximate factor mediating the variation in behavioural reactions. The males who were highly responsive to the conspecific vocalisation also exhibited high behavioural reactions towards the neutral broadcast stimulus (the jungle crow’sCorvus macrorhynchos ‘ka’ vocalisation). This observation is consistent with the notion that male chimpanzees vary in intrinsic behavioural tendency to different stimuli.
The Unique Impact of Menstruation on the Female Voice: Implications for the Evolution of Menstrual Cycle Cues
Authors: Nathan Pipitone R. , Gallup Gordon G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractResearch shows that hormonal changes in women across the menstrual cycle affect vocal production. Most work has documented shifts at high fertility times (i.e., ovulation) or during premenstruation. However, hormonal changes at menstruation also affect female physiology and behavior and could affect vocal production. The present studies investigated perceptual differences in voices recorded during menstruation compared with recordings taken at other times of the menstrual cycle. Results show that male raters could reliably identify voices recorded during menstruation with or without the presence of a voice recorded closest to ovulation. In addition, voices recorded at menstruation were identified as being the most unattractive. These findings indicate that voice recordings taken at times of lowest fertility may uniquely impact women’s vocal production and that perceptions of voice based on cycle phase are not specific to the time of heightened fertility. Implications for the evolution of human menstrual cycle cues are discussed.
Case presentation: abdominal compartment syndrome complicating posterior spinal fusion
Authors: Cravero Joseph P. , Muffly Matthew 
Published: December 2011

SummaryAbdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a life‐threatening entity that requires rapid recognition and treatment. This case report represents the first case report of ACS associated with the correction of a marked scoliosis. Of the many possible causes for respiratory compromise and cardiovascular collapse associated with major spine surgery, ACS should be considered, particularly in instances of profound spinal curvature correction. We present the case of an 8‐year‐old child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) undergoing correction of a severe scoliotic curvature. Near the end of an otherwise unremarkable surgery, he developed severe respiratory compromise associated with respiratory acidosis, hypoxia, and hypotension in the face of a catastrophic decrease in lung compliance. After supine positioning and examination, he was discovered to have ACS, which was treated with laparotomy. Complete recovery occurred after 5 days. This case report should raise awareness of a rare, life threatening, but imminently treatable entity that can accompany scoliosis surgery. The description of this case should be particularly important for pediatric anesthesiologists and orthopedic surgeons who care for patients undergoing correction of marked scoliosis. We suggest possible mechanisms for the development of ACS in this setting that offer insights into the pathology of this entity, which could be useful in many other clinical situations where visceral venous drainage or bowel perfusion may be compromised.
Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42/6:1 for perioperative plasma volume replacement in 1130 children: results of an European prospective multicenter observational postauthorization safety study (PASS)
Authors: Sümpelmann Robert , Kretz Franz‐Josef , Luntzer Robert , de Leeuw Thomas G. , Mixa Vladimir , Gäbler Ralf , Eich Christoph , Hollmann Markus W. , Osthaus Wilhelm A. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryIntroduction:  Third‐generation hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is now approved also for the use in children, but safety studies including large numbers of pediatric patients are still missing. Therefore, we performed an European multicentric prospective observational postauthorization safety study (PASS) to evaluate the use of HES 130/0.42/6:1 in normal saline (ns‐HES) or a balanced electrolyte solution (bal‐HES) in children undergoing surgery.Methods:  Children aged up to 12 years with ASA risk scores of I–III receiving ns‐HES (Venofundin 6%; Braun) or bal‐HES (Tetraspan 6%; Braun) were followed perioperatively. Demographic data, surgical procedures performed, anesthesia, hemodynamic and laboratory data, adverse events (AE), and adverse drug reactions (ADR) were documented using a standardized case report form.Results:  Of 1130 children studied at 11 European pediatric centers from 2006 to 2009 (ns‐HES, 629 children; bal‐HES, 475 children; mean age, 3.6 ± 3.8 [range, day of birth–12 years]; and body weight, 15.4 ± 13 [0.9–90 kg]), 1104 were included for analysis. The mean infused HES volume was 10.6 ± 5.8 (0.83–50) ml·kg−1. In the 399 (36.1%) cases with blood gas analysis before and after HES infusion, hemoglobin and strong ion difference decreased significantly in both groups, whereas bicarbonate and base excess (BE before infusion: ns‐HES −1.8 ± 3.1, bal‐HES −1.2 ± 3.3 mm; after infusion: ns‐HES −2.5 ± 2.8; bal‐HES −1.1 ± 3.2 mm, P < 0.05) decreased only with ns‐HES but remained stable with bal‐HES. Chloride concentrations increased in both groups and were significantly higher with ns‐HES (Cl before infusion: ns‐HES 105.5 ± 3.6, bal‐HES 104.9 ± 2.9 mm; Cl after infusion: ns‐HES 107.6 ± 3.4, bal‐HES 106.3 ± 2.9 mm, P < 0.05). For the AE/ADR rates, dose–response but no age relationships could be demonstrated. No serious and no severe ADR directly related to HES (i.e. anaphylactoid reaction, clotting disorders, renal failure) were observed.Conclusion:  Moderate doses of HES 130/0.42/6:1 for perioperative plasma volume replacement seem to be safe even in neonates and small infants. The probability of serious ADR is lower than 0.3%. Changes in acid–base balance may be decreased when HES is used in an acetate‐containing balanced electrolyte solution instead of normal saline. Caution should be exercised in patients with renal function disturbances and those with an increased bleeding risk.
Social Foundations of National Anthems: Theorizing for a Better Understanding of the Changing Fate of the National Anthem of China
Authors: LIAO TIM F. , ZHANG GEHUI , ZHANG LIBIN 
Published: December 2011

A national anthem is arguably one of the most powerful symbols for a nation‐state, with impact beyond its ceremonial purposes. One source of its power lies in the lyrical content, bearing imprints of the past and texts for potentially guiding future behavior.In this paper we study the social foundations of national anthems with the Chinese national anthem as a case by analyzing its production through two changing texts—the lyrics of the anthem and key political documents from the period of 1949–2005. The current national anthem, “March of the Volunteers,” adopted in 1949, was forbidden during the Cultural Revolution, and was restored in 1978, albeit with a new set of lyrics, and used until 1982 when the original lyrics were restored.Drawing upon the literature on collective focus (as defined by Cerulo) and social relations (as informed by Weber), we build a theoretical model for understanding the changes in the Chinese national anthem. According to this model, the creation of collective memory in the form of a national anthem is conditioned by the cognitive and social context in terms of the type of collective focus (singular or multiple) and the kind of top‐bottom social relation (rational or traditional). The changing fate of the Chinese national anthem illustrates the efficacy of the theoretical model.
Trajectories of children’s internalizing symptoms: the role of maternal internalizing symptoms, respiratory sinus arrhythmia and child sex
Authors: Wetter Emily K. , El‐Sheikh Mona 
Published: December 2011

Background:  We assessed trajectories of children’s internalizing symptoms as predicted by interactions among maternal internalizing symptoms, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and child sex.Method:  An ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of children (n = 251) participated during three study waves. Children’s mean ages were 8.23 years (SD = 0.72) at T1, 9.31 years (SD = 0.79) at T2 and 10.28 years (SD = 0.99) at T3.Results:  Multiple‐indicator multilevel latent growth analyses showed maternal internalizing symptoms interacted with child RSA and sex to predict children’s internalizing symptoms. Girls with higher RSA whose mothers had lower levels of internalizing symptoms showed the steepest decline in internalizing symptoms across time. Girls with lower RSA whose mothers had higher levels of internalizing symptoms showed the highest levels of internalizing symptoms at T3, whereas boys with higher RSA whose mothers had higher levels of internalizing symptoms showed the highest levels of internalizing symptoms at T3.Conclusions:  Findings build on this scant literature and support the importance of individual differences in children’s physiological regulation in the prediction of psychopathology otherwise associated with familial risk.
Updates and future horizons on the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of Sturge–Weber syndrome brain involvement
Authors: LO WARREN , MARCHUK DOUGLAS A , BALL KAREN L , JUHÁSZ CSABA , JORDAN LORI C , EWEN JOSHUA B , COMI ANNE ,   BRAIN VASCULAR MALFORMATION CONSORTIUM NATIONAL STURGE–WEBER SYNDROME WORKGROUP
Published: December 2011

Aim  To review recent developments in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS).Method  Members of the Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium Sturge–Weber Syndrome National Workgroup contributed their expertise to review the literature and present promising directions for research.Results  The increasing number of reports dealing with SWS over the last decade reflects progress in the diagnosis and understanding of the neurological involvement. The proliferation of centers and advocacy groups to care for patients with SWS and to stimulate research has aided the development of new insights into the clinical manifestations and the pathophysiology of neurological progression, and the development of novel hypotheses to direct future research. Many key questions remain, but the tools and networks to answer them are being developed.Interpretation  This review summarizes important new knowledge and presents new research directions that are likely to provide further insights, earlier diagnosis, improved treatments, and possibly, prevention of this syndrome.
Quantitative methylation analysis reveals gender and age differences in p16INK4a hypermethylation in hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yongfeng , Cheng Jin , Xu Chunhui , Liu Shuang , Jiang Suzhen , Xu Qiang , Chen Xiangmei , Zhuang Hui , Lu Fengmin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundFrequent promoter hypermethylation of the inhibitors in either Rb or p53 pathways is associated with the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development.ObjectiveTo quantitatively assess the gradual changes of the promoter methylation of p14ARF, p15INK4b, p16INK4a and CCND2 genes in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection‐related HCC.MethodsA total of 118 pairs of tumour and their corresponding non‐tumour tissues were collected from HCC patients with evidence of HBV infection. The promoter methylation status was analysed by combined DNA methylation‐sensitive and methylation‐dependent restriction endonuclease digestion, followed by subsequential quantitative PCR assay.ResultsPromoter hypermethylation frequencies were gradually increased from 6.25% in normal liver tissues to 21.19% in adjacent non‐tumour and to 40.68% in tumour tissues for p16INK4a (P = 0.000), and from none to 10.20% and to 29.59% for CCND2 (P = 0.001). The hypermethylation intensities in HCC tissues were also significantly increased (P = 0.0018 for p16INK4a, P = 0.0001 for CCND2). Altogether, 48.93% cases were found with increased hypermethylation intensity of either p16INK4a and/or CCND2 promoter in tumour tissues, compared with their matched non‐tumour tissues. In addition, tumour tissue p16INK4a promoter hypermethylation was significantly higher in male than that in female gender patients in frequency (P = 0.041) and was significantly increased in patients older than 50 years of age in intensity (P = 0.0021). No hypermethylation of p14ARF or p15INK4b was found.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that from normal liver to the adjacent cirrhotic liver and to the HCC tissues, p16INK4a hypermethylation was gradually increased both in frequency and in intensity, such increase might be gender and age related.
Intervention in Aboriginal Life
Authors: Martin John Hilary 
Published: December 2011

AbstractJohn Howard the then Prime Minister of Australia introduced a series of measures (June 2007) to regulate the life of Aboriginal peoples in the Northern Territory, an action that became known as the Intervention. The measures were introduced as emergency measures designed to control the widespread physical and sexual abuse of children, the excessive use of alcohol, poor levels of education and unemployment rife among Aboriginal people in the Territory according to a government sponsored report, Little Children are Sacred. The local councils of aboriginal communities were immediately dissolved, their property acquired by compulsory leases for five years and business managers appointed to administer them. After an initial occupation by army units and police to stabilize the situation in Aboriginal communities and settlements, the Federal government introduced a number of measures designed to channel welfare money for purchase of wholesome food, to limit access to alcohol and it made a commitment to refurbish schools and clinics and to build houses to ease overcrowding. These were all good things to do and cost the government hundreds of millions of dollars, but were imposed from without in a bureaucratic manner with little consultation of local people. Construction programs were conducted largely by non-aboriginal workers and school curricula were not revised with an eye to Aboriginal cultural needs or interests. The ancient culture of Aboriginal people depends upon the land, family relationship and upon the Dreaming. The bureaucracy dealt with Aboriginal communities as if it were dealing with a particularly difficult city suburb that required a new master plan. Instead of this, Aboriginal people must resolve their communal problems in their own way. For that to happen there is a need to encourage initiative and creativity and conversion of life. The Intervention and what followed did not deal well with the cultural side of its program and it did more to smother Aboriginal initiative than to encourage it.
The effects of flood defences on riparian vegetation species richness and abundance
Authors: Pettifer Elizabeth , Kay Paul 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIt is widely recognised that flood disturbance has important consequences for the biodiversity of riparian zones and that inundation allows nutrients and organic matter to be exchanged and recycled between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Previous research has focused on the impacts of dams on riparian biodiversity, with little consideration given to the impacts of flood defences. The current study investigated the extent to which the presence and age of flood defences controls riparian plant richness and abundance. Sites without flood defences were found to have significantly higher species richness and abundance. In contrast, flood defence age was found to have little impact although turnover was high between sites with old and new defences. Flood management should therefore focus on more sustainable options that work with natural processes where possible, such as washlands.
Efficacy and safety of repaglinide vs nateglinide for treatment of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kawamori Ryuzo , Kaku Kohei , Hanafusa Toshiaki , Kashiwabara Daisuke , Kageyama Shigeru , Hotta Nigishi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAims/Introduction:  Repaglinide is a short‐acting insulin secretagogue. We assessed the efficacy and safety of repaglinide in comparison with nateglinide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes previously treated with diet and exercise.Materials and Methods:  In this 16‐week randomized, multicenter, double‐blind, parallel‐group, active‐controlled superiority trial, Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of ≥6.9 and ≤9.4% were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 0.5 mg repaglinide (n = 64) or 90 mg nateglinide (n = 66) three times a day. The primary end‐point was changes in HbA1c from baseline to the end of treatment.Results:  Mean reductions of HbA1c were significantly greater for the repaglinide group than the nateglinide group (−1.17 ± 0.62 vs −0.81 ± 0.39%, P < 0.001). The target HbA1c values of <6.9% were achieved by 75.0% of the repaglinide group vs 59.1% for nateglinide. Mean changes in fasting plasma glucose also showed significantly greater efficacy for repaglinide than nateglinide (−26.0 ± 20.9 vs −18.3 ± 17.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001). There were no differences in the adverse event rates between the repaglinide and the nateglinide group, by 57.8% (37/64) and 60.6% (40/66), respectively. Incidences of hypoglycemic symptoms were 17.2% (11/64, 28 events) in the repaglinide group and 6.1% (4/66, 20 events) in the nateglinide group, respectively.Conclusions:  In type 2 diabetic patients treated with diet and exercise, repaglinide monotherapy gives greater glycemic improvement than nateglinide monotherapy in reducing HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose values after 16 weeks. This trial was registered with JapicCTI (no. JapicCTI‐080521). (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2011.00188.x, 2011)