bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Foot Orthoses on Balance in Older Adults
Authors: Gross Michael T. , Mercer Vicki S. , Lin Feng-Chang 
Published: February 2012

Study Design Controlled laboratory study using a single-cohort design. Objectives To determine if balance in older adults could be significantly improved with foot-orthotic intervention. Background Poor balance has been associated with risk for falls. Limited evidence exists indicating that foot orthoses influence balance. Methods Thirteen individuals older than 65 years, who reported at least 1 unexplained fall during the past year and demonstrated poor balance, participated in the study. Subjects were tested for 1-leg stance, tandem stance, tandem gait, and alternating step tests during the first (SCREEN) and second (PRE) sessions prior to foot-orthotic intervention. Tests were repeated during the second testing session immediately after custom foot-orthotic intervention (POST) and 2 weeks following foot-orthotic use (FU). SCREEN and PRE measures were compared for stability using absolute difference computations and the Friedman rank test. PRE, POST, and FU data were analyzed using the Friedman rank test (α = .05), with Bonferroni correction for multiple post hoc comparisons. Results Each balance measure was statistically equivalent between the SCREEN and PRE measurements. One-leg stance times for PRE were significantly less than POST (P = .002) and FU (P = .013) measurements. Tandem stance times for PRE were significantly less than POST (P = .013) and FU (P = .013) measurements. Steps taken for the tandem gait test during the PRE measurements were significantly fewer than steps taken for the FU test (P = .007). Steps taken during the alternating step test for the PRE test were significantly fewer than steps taken during the POST (P = .002) and FU (P =.001) tests. POST and FU measurements were not significantly different for any of the 4 outcome measures. Conclusions The results provide preliminary evidence that foot orthoses can effect improvement in balance measures for older adults. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(7):649–657, Epub 25 January 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3944
Allograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes
Authors: Vyas Dharmesh , Rabuck Stephen J. , Harner Christopher D. 
Published: February 2012

Synopsis The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important stabilizer of the knee against translational and rotational forces. The goal of anatomic reconstruction of the ACL-deficient knee is to re-create a stable knee that will allow for return to sport and prevent recurrent injury. Multiple graft options exist for ACL reconstruction, and each option has unique advantages and disadvantages. With appropriate patient selection, each graft can be utilized to optimize patient outcomes. Allograft options limit morbidity following ACL reconstruction, but care must be taken with surgical technique and postoperative rehabilitation to allow for graft incorporation. An understanding of the surgical technique and differences between graft options will allow the patient, surgeon, and physical therapist to maximize outcomes following ACL reconstruction. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 5. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(3):196–207, Epub 25 January 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4083
Electrochemical machining of Al/15% SiCP composites through a response surface methodology-based approach
Authors: Senthilkumar Chinnamuthu , Ganesan Gowrishankar , Karthikeyan Ramanujam 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Electrochemical machining has been shown to be a potentially suitable process for the machining of high-strength conductive materials. This paper highlights features of the development of a comprehensive mathematical model for correlating the interactive and higher-order influences of various machining parameters on the dominant machining criteria, i. e. the metal removal rate and the surface roughness (R
a) phenomena, through response surface methodology, utilizing relevant experimental data as obtained through experimentation. Optimal combination of these parameters can be used in order to achieve maximization of the metal removal rate and the minimum surface roughness.
Effect of titanium addition on structure and properties of the as-cast high Cr–Mo white iron
Authors: Ibrahim Khaled M. , Nofal Adel A. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
This work analyses the wear behaviour and impact toughness of high Cr –Mo white irons alloyed with titanium as related to their microstructure and solidification path. Five alloys were used with different percentages of titanium (0, 0.47, 0.932, 1.31 and 1.78 %). Such additions of titanium resulted in precipitation of small hard TiC particles in the austenitic matrix. These particles were well distributed in the matrix with Ti-additions up to 1.31% and then started to agglomerate with 1.78%Ti. Hardness increased dramatically with increasing amount of titanium addition. The wear behaviour was investigated for each alloy in the as-cast condition using the pin-on-ring configuration for 30 min against a ring made of SiC that rotated at a constant speed of 65 rpm. The wear test was performed under a load range of 30–180 N. The results are discussed in terms of microstructure and the minimum wear rate was obtained for the white cast iron alloyed with 1.31% titanium. The optimum tensile strength, impact toughness and wear resistance were also observed for the iron alloyed with 1.31% titanium. However, these properties started to deteriorate with further increase in titanium addition due to the clustering effect of titanium carbide particles in the austenitic matrix. Therefore, the optimum wear resistance and impact toughness of white cast iron under investigation (16% Cr-1.3% Mo-2.3% Ni) can be achieved by adding 1.31% titanium.
Pressureless co-sintering behaviour of a steel/cemented carbide component: model bimaterial
Authors: Pascal Céline , Thomazic Aurélie , Antoni-Zdziobek Annie , Chaix Jean-Marc 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The co-sintering of model bimaterial {steel/cemented carbide} is studied. The cemented carbide consists of WC grain cemented by an Fe-rich binder. The steel is prepared from a powder mixture (Fe + WC + Cg). The experimental approach involves two steps: (1) the study of the single materials sintering (dimensional changes and weight losses during sintering, microstructure and hardness after sintering), (2) the study of the co-sintering of a two layer material which differs from the average behaviour of single materials. This difference arises from chemical interaction between the two materials such as M
6C formation in the interfacial region. M
6C formation is closely related to liquid formation in steel and liquid migration into the WC base material. A mechanism is proposed; it is based on WC dissolution and asymmetric diffusion of Wand C in the steel layer.
On the coupled growth of oxide phases during internal oxidation of Ag–Sn–Bi alloys
Authors: Wiehl Gunther , Kempf Bernd , Ommer Matthias , Rettenmayr Markus 
Published: February 2012

AbstractInternal oxidation experiments using two Ag–Sn–Bi alloys with Bi contents of 2.6 wt.% and 5.0 wt.% were carried out. The presence and spatial distribution of Bi2O3, SnO2and Bi2Sn2O7in the oxidized microstructure was characterized using a field emission gun secondary electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction techniques. It is shown that the addition of Bi prevents both external oxidation and internal oxide bands in Ag–Sn alloys with Sn content above 4 wt.%. Conditions are defined under which these alloys develop instabilities at the internal oxidation front. A result of the unstable growth of the reaction front is a dendritic morphology consisting of different oxide phases. Coupled growth of Bi2Sn2O7 and SnO2 inside the dendrites determines the local arrangement and distribution of the phases.
Influence of grain size on the dynamic recrystallization behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel during hot deformation
Authors: Rasti Javad , Najafizadeh Abbas , Meratian Mahmood 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The effects of two initial grain sizes of 15 and 40μm on the dynamic recrystallization behavior of a type 304 stainless steel have been investigated at temperatures of 950–1100°C and strain rates of 0.005–0.5s−1 using hot compression testing. Microstructural investigations showed that the dimensionless parameter of Z/A can be used to express in which conditions dynamic recrystallization progressed via a necklace structure. Electron backscattered diffraction maps exhibited some evidence that confirmed the dynamic recrystallization mechanism changed from discontinuous to continuous with a decrease in the initial grain size. Results showed that the coarse grained material produced finer and more homogeneous metadynamic recrystallized grains, possibly due to the uniform substructure observed in the grains interior.
Evaluation of the mechanical properties of natural asphalt-modified hot mixture
Authors: Kök Baha Vural , Yílmaz Mehmet , Turgut Paki , Kuloğlu Necati 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the usage of natural asphalt in hot mix asphalt by means of determining the Marshall stability, stiffness modulus, indirect tensile strength, and dynamic creep tests. Natural asphalt, which consists of 17% asphalt fraction and 83% mineral fraction, was obtained from Syrian. The optimum bitumen content was determined to be 1% lower for natural asphalt-modified mixtures compared to control mixtures. The stiffness modulus values of the natural asphalt-modified mixtures were higher than those of the control mixtures. The moisture susceptibility of natural asphalt-modified mixtures and control mixtures were evaluated during different freeze–thaw cycles. The natural asphalt-modified mixtures were not as susceptible as control mixtures to moisture damage. Adding natural asphalt to mixtures remarkably decreased susceptibility to permanent deformation. The results presented here demonstrate the positive effects of using natural asphalt.
Bainite: Fragmentation of crystallographically homogeneous domains
Authors: Pak Junhak , Suh Dong Woo , Bhadeshia Harshad K. D. H. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
It becomes possible in appropriate circumstances for similarly oriented plates of bainite or martensite to merge and form coarse crystallographically homogeneous domains whose presence leads to a deterioration in mechanical properties. A method is presented here for breaking up such domains, by introducing very small scale chemical composition variations in the austenite prior to its transformation.
Estimating the long-term calving flux of Kronebreen, Svalbard, from geodetic elevation changes and mass-balance modeling
Authors: Nuth Christopher , Schuler Thomas Vikhamar , Kohler Jack , Altena Bas , Hagen Jon Ove 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis study independently quantifies geodetic elevation change and models surface mass balance to solve the continuity equation. The approach is tested on two dynamically different glaciers, Kongsvegen and Kronebreen in northwest Svalbard, through two time epochs, 1966-1990/95 (I) and 1990/95-2007 (II). On Kongsvegen, a dynamically inactive glacier, the residual term represents an error associated with determining elevation changes and surface mass balance. It is apparent that centerline mass-balance estimates are not representative of the entire glacier, which we relate to center-line accumulation being larger than the elevation bin average. On Kronebreen, a fast-flowing and actively calving glacier, a significant part of the residual is identified with the long-term calving flux. For both glaciers, the cumulative surface mass balance remained close to zero during the first epoch but became increasingly negative in the second epoch. The long-term calving flux of Kronebreen is estimated to be -0.14 ± 0.03 km3 w.e.a-1 during epoch I and-0.20 ± 0.05 km3 w.e.a-1 in epoch II.
A one-pot synthesis of 7,11-diaryl-2,4-diazaspiro[5,5]undecane-3-oxo (or thioxo)-1,5,9-triones
Authors: Ahmed M Giasuddin , Ahmed Syeda Asghari , Romman UKR , Akhter Kawsari , Halim Md Ershad , Naher Shamsun , Aslam Md , Ahmed S Mosaddeq 
Published: February 2012

Spiro compounds 7,11-diaryl-2,4-diazaspiro[5,5]undecane-1,3,5,9-tetraones 3a-d were prepared by carrying out reactions between diarylideneacetones, (ArCH=CH)2C=O, 2a-d [Ar= 2-CH3C6H4, 4-CH3C6H4, 4-(CH3)2NC6H4 and 4-HOC6H4 respectively] and barbituric acid (1a) under refluxing condition in aqueous ethanol medium without using any catalyst. Under similar conditions the corresponding 7,11-diaryl-3-thioxo-2,4-diazaspiro[5,5]undecane-1,5,9-triones 3e-g were synthesized from the reactions of diarylideneacetones 2a, 2d and 2e [Ar= 4-ClC6H4] with 2-thiobarbituric acid (1b). The structures of the spiro compounds were established with the help of their UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data and elemental analyses. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9702 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 135-142, 2011
Significant Role of IL-1 Signaling, but Limited Role of Inflammasome Activation, in Oviduct Pathology during Chlamydia muridarum Genital Infection
Authors: Nagarajan Uma M. , Sikes James D. , Yeruva Laxmi , Prantner Daniel 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
IL-1β has been implicated in the development of oviduct pathology during Chlamydia muridarum genital infection in the mouse model. The goal of this study was to characterize the role of IL-1 signaling and the inflammasome-activation pathways during genital chlamydial infection. Compared with control mice, IL-1R–deficient mice displayed delayed clearance and increased chlamydial colonization. Consistent with the role for IL-1 signaling in infection clearance, mice deficient for the IL-1R antagonist cleared infection at a faster rate. Despite increased infection, IL-1R–deficient mice had significantly reduced oviduct pathology, which was associated with decreased numbers of neutrophils, but more macrophages, in the genital tract. IL-1β secretion is dependent on caspase-1 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain (ASC) inflammasome during in vitro infection of primed macrophages with C. muridarum. To investigate the role of inflammasome components during in vivo genital infection, mice lacking NLRP3, NLRC4, and ASC were tested and found to display no reduction in oviduct pathology compared with control mice. Mice deficient for ASC displayed a prolonged course of infection, which was associated with reduced T cell recruitment and proliferation. Further, ASC-deficient mice displayed normal levels of IL-1β in genital secretions. However, a significant decrease in caspase-1–dependent IL-18 was observed in both ASC- and NLRP3-deficient mice. These data demonstrate a major role for IL-1 signaling, but a limited role for the inflammasome pathway, in IL-1β secretion and development of oviduct pathology during genital chlamydial infection. The data also suggest an IL-1–independent role for ASC in adaptive immunity during genital chlamydial infection.
Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) in pediatric and neonatal intensive care
Authors: Rellensmann G , Scharf J , Bürkle T , Castellanos I 
Published: February 2012

SummaryObjective: To identify and summarize the requirements of an optimized CPOE application for pediatric intensive care.Methods: We analyzed the medication process and its documentation in the pediatric and neonatal intensive care units (PICU/NICU) of two university hospitals using workflow analysis techniques, with the aim of implementing computer-supported physician order entry (CPOE).Results: In both PICU/NICU, we identified similar processes that differed considerably from adult medication routine. For example, both PICU/NICU prepare IV pump syringes on the ward, but receive individualized ready-to-use mixed IV bags for each patient from the hospital pharmacy on the basis of a daily order. For drug dose calculation, both PICU/NICU employ electronic calculation tools that are either incorporated within the CPOE system, or are external modules invoked via interface.Conclusion: On the basis of this analysis, we provide suggestions to optimize CPOE applications for use in the pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit in the form of three catalogues of desiderata for drug order entry support.
The Effect of Obesity on Blood Metal Ion Levels after Hip Resurfacing and Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Sawalha Seif , Ravikumar Raveena , Chowdhury Emyr A. , Massraf Araz 
Published: February 2012

There has been concern regarding potentially higher failure rates of metal-on-metal (MoM) bearings in obese patients, and possible adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD). Elevated chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) levels in the blood indicate excess wear, and may predict secondary soft-tissue damage. We investigated the effect of obesity on blood Cr and Co levels in patients with MoM bearings. We reviewed data on 75 patients with hip resurfacing and MoM total hip arthroplasty (THA) at an average of 4 years follow-up. We excluded patients with factors that can affect metal ion levels including other metal implants, bilateral MoM bearings or during the ‘running-in’ phase. The patients were classified into two groups; obese (n=27) and control (n=48) depending on a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. There was no significant difference between the groups with regards to age, gender, renal function, cup inclination, implant type, femoral head size, time interval between operation and metal ion levels or the number of symptomatic patients. There was a trend for lower Cr and Co levels in the obese group but this was not statistically significant (p= 0.17 & 0.07, respectively). There was no correlation between the BMI and Cr or Co levels (Spearman's correlation coefficient r = − 0.13/p = 0.26 & − 0. 2/p = 0.1, respectively). There was no evidence of higher metal ion levels, suggestive of increased wear, in obese patients with MoM bearings.
Multisite Analytic Performance Studies of a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of BRAF V600E Mutations in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Specimens of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Anderson Steven , Bloom Kenneth J. , Vallera Dino U. , Rueschoff Josef , Meldrum Cliff , Schilling Robert , Kovach Barbara , Lee Ju Ruey-Jiuan , Ochoa Pam , Langland Rachel , Halait Harkanwal , Lawrence H. Jeffrey , Dugan Michael C. 
Published: February 2012

Context.—A polymerase chain reaction–based companion diagnostic (cobas 4800 BRAF V600 Mutation Test) was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to select patients with BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma for treatment with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib.
Objectives.—(1) To compare the analytic performance of the cobas test to Sanger sequencing by using screening specimens from phase II and phase III trials of vemurafenib, and (2) to assess the reproducibility of the cobas test at different testing sites.
Design.—Specimens from 477 patients were used to determine positive and negative percent agreements between the cobas test and Sanger sequencing for detecting V600E (1799T&gt;A) mutations. Specimens were evaluated with a massively parallel pyrosequencing method (454) to resolve discordances between polymerase chain reaction and Sanger results. Reproducibility of the cobas test was assessed at 3 sites by using 3 reagent lots and an 8-member panel of melanoma samples.
Results.—A valid cobas result was obtained for all eligible patients. Sanger sequencing had a failure rate of 9.2% (44 of 477). For the remaining 433 specimens, positive percent agreement was 96.4% (215 of 223) and negative percent agreement, 80% (168 of 210). Among 42 cobas mutation-positive/Sanger V600E-negative specimens, 17 were V600E positive and 24 were V600K positive by 454. The cobas test detected 70% of V600K mutations. In the reproducibility study, a correct interpretation was made for 100% of wild-type specimens and specimens with greater than 5% mutant alleles; V600E mutations were detected in 90% of specimens with less than 5% mutant alleles.
Conclusions.—The cobas test (1) had a lower assay failure rate than that of Sanger, (2) was more sensitive in detecting V600E mutations, (3) detected most V600K mutations, and (4) was highly reproducible.
Memory for Patient Information as a Function of Experience in Mental Health
Authors: Marsh Jessecae K. , Ahn Woo‐kyoung 
Published: February 2012

SummaryMental health clinicians are tasked to diagnose and treat the millions of people worldwide seeking help for mental health issues. This paper investigates the memory clinicians have for patient information. We hypothesize that clinicians encapsulate mental health knowledge through experience into more abstract concepts, as in other domains changing what clinicians remember about patients compared with non‐professionals. We tested memory for realistic patient–therapist interactions in experienced clinicians, intermediately trained graduate students, and laypeople. Clinicians recalled fewer facts than intermediate trainees and as many as laypeople. Furthermore, clinicians reported more abstracted information than all other participants, providing the first empirical demonstration of knowledge encapsulation in the memory of mental health clinicians. We discuss how our results fit into the existing literature on clinical expertise in mental health and the implications of our findings for future research relevant to mental health care. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selecting the Better Model by Using Data, Occam's Razor, and a Little Common Sense: Reply to Ericsson
Authors: Howard Robert W. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe issue is which model, practice‐alone or innate talent affecting learning speed and limiting asymptotic performance level, better accounts for expertise development in international chess. The innate talent model does much better by the usual criteria. A study to determine what innate talent for chess might consist is now needed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drawing on Liars' Lack of Cognitive Flexibility: Detecting Deception Through Varying Report Modes
Authors: Leins Drew A. , Fisher Ronald P. , Vrij Aldert 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe present experiment examined the role of cognitive flexibility in the consistency of truth tellers' and liars' reports. We expected liars to be less flexible (less able to report an experience in different ways) and hence less consistent than truth tellers when asked to describe an event in different ways (e.g. verbally and pictorially). In the experiment, truth tellers entered a room and performed several tasks, whereas liars did not enter the room or perform the tasks but attempted to convince an interviewer that they did. Truth tellers and liars were interviewed twice about the room and tasks, and were asked to express their answers either the same way on both interviews (e.g. verbally then again verbally) or in different ways (e.g. verbally then pictorially). In support of the cognitive flexibility hypothesis, liars' reports were less consistent than truth tellers' reports, particularly when reporting in different ways across interviews. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.