bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five-Year Study of Implant Placement in Regenerated Bone and Rehabilitation With Telescopic Crown Retained Dentures: A Case Report
Authors: Zafiropoulos Gregory-George , Hoffmann Oliver 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Various implant-supported restorations have been used successfully for several decades to rehabilitate edentulous patients. Telescopic crowns are a common treatment modality used to connect dentures to natural teeth. Although previous findings indicate that telescopic crowns can be placed successfully on implants to support overdentures, only limited data are available on this treatment approach. Eight months after extraction of all nonsalvageable teeth and socket preservation, 11 implants were inserted into the mandible and maxillae of one patient. These implants were restored 4 months later using telescopic crown–supported dentures. Bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), clinical attachment (PAL), and radiographic bone level were evaluated over 5 years. All implants remained in function over the 5-year evaluation period. Radiography showed stable bone levels for all implants. No changes in BOP or PI (range, 2%–4% for both parameters) were observed over this time. The PAL deteriorated by 1.5 mm during the first 3 years, with no subsequent changes. We conclude that telescopic crowns can be used successfully as attachments for overdentures supported by implants in regenerated bone.
Estimating Permeability in Uncored Wells Using Modified Flow Zone Index
Authors: Rahmawan Irvan , Aditiah Yusni , Kurniawan Akbar , Firmanto Tri , Priyantoro Jati , Gomaa Ezzat E. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Permeability estimation for un-cored wells is a classic issue. A simple model that widely used is using core porosity-core permeability cross plot to determine the linier regression. Then we estimate permeability in un-cored well after making adjustment for porosity log to porosity core.
The difficulties using that method is most of cross plot did not show clear relationship (scatter data) due to effect of rock heterogeneity. Therefore another effort is needed by separate it based on rock type to get better relationship.
Permeability itself is not depend only on porosity but also other properties like clay content, grain size, tortuosity and etc. Part of this phenomenon had been modeled by Carmen-Kozeny which illustrates strong dependency of permeability on average grain size, tortuosity and flow zone index.
The conventional way to reduce data scatter is by using additional correlation parameters. Commonly shale content (Vsh) and reservoir facies are used to give reliable transform or regression analysis for estimating the permeability. Start with this concept; we try to simplify the correlation by modified the Carmen Kozeny eq. (used flow zone index term) using clay content as another parameter that influences permeability value. Because we assume that porosity and clay content are the most important properties that have significant effect on permeability.
In this paper, we will describe permeability estimation for un-cored well as function of porosity and clay content using modified flow zone index-permeability cross plot. This cross plot has been test in three clastic reservoirs in Lower Sihapas formation either for consolidated or unconsolidated sandstone. The result shows this cross plot give better relationship compare to conventional cross plot and more simple transform to estimate permeability in un-cored well for input to geologic and reservoir simulation models.
Mungo Platform: A New Wireless Retrofit Solution to Restore Real Time BHP / BHT Data After a Permanently Installed Monitoring System has Failed—A North Sea Case History
Authors: Champion B. P. , Strong A. , Moodie N. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Real time reservoir monitoring is critical for the effective management of any reservoir. Permanently installed reservoir monitoring instrumentation is generally installed as standard practice in the majority of offshore wells and whilst the reliability of such systems has improved significantly over the last decade, there are still many examples of wells around the world where these systems have failed prematurely.
The Mungo Platform, located in the UK Central North Sea, has several wells in which the permanently installed monitoring systems failed early on in the life of the wells. In the absence of any real time reservoir pressure / temperature data, a compromise solution has been to install long term memory gauges in the wells so that reservoir monitoring, all be it using historic data, has been possible. Being relatively compact in size and a Normally Unmanned Installation (NUI), well intervention operations on Mungo are logistically challenging, with limited deck space for rig up and with personnel having to shuttle from the Marnock platform located around 24km away.
A newly emergent wireless reservoir monitoring technology that can be retrofitted into existing wells and can transmit data to surface in real time was viewed as an attractive alternative to performing regular well interventions to gather historic data using memory gauges. Whilst the wireless gauge technology has a growing track record in the subsea and onshore well environments, signal attenuation in the offshore platform environment presents particular challenges that had previously prevented the technology from being retrofitted into such wells.
A concept was developed for offshore platform wells having failed permanent cabled gauge systems, whereby the cable and gauge infrastructure of the failed permanent gauge system should, under the right conditions, act a conduit for the wireless gauge signal to be transferred to surface. To test the theory, a proof of concept trial was performed in Mungo well W160. A wireless gauge system was retrofitted into the well using standard slickline equipment and real time reservoir pressure and temperature data was successfully transmitted to surface using the failed permanent gauge system as a signal pick-up. This world first successful retrofit application of a new wireless monitoring technology into an offshore platform well, marks a milestone achievement in enabling the restoration of real time reservoir data without having to perform a well workover. This technology breakthrough is of significance in many situations where cabled in-well monitoring systems have failed. Collecting real time data from well W160 provided several benefits; the well production could be optimised on a daily basis, pressure build-up analysis could be performed, a new well target location was determined and the reservoir panel water injection response was optimised.
Technical Safety Barrier Management in StatoilHydro
Authors: Ingvarson Johan , Strøm Øyvind 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The Norwegian Offshore Regulator requires top executives to confirm the safety of their installations with particular focus on established barriers towards large scale accidents. StatoilHydro has implemented a structured approach for assessing the technical safety condition of its key barriers. Performance Standards (PS's) are defined for each barrier and each PS defines a set of Performance Requirements (PR's) to be met by that particular system with respect to system function, integrity, survivability and management respectively. The set of PR's incorporates regulatory and internal requirements as well as best industry practice. Each PR is assessed in terms of the design, the condition and the operation of that particular part of the safety barrier. A combined in-depth shore-based and offshore assessment program reviews compliance with the PR's and assigns a common grading.
The TTS process focuses on a systematic assessment of the actual technical integrity and condition of process safety barriers implemented in facilities in operation, as well as facilities under design and construction. TTS provides a powerful approach to: Measure and ensure safety performancePrioritize corrective actions and major accident hazard risk management improvement initiativesBuild process safety awareness and competenceDemonstrate regulatory compliance.
Monotower Production Platforms
Authors: Mundheim Kjell , Oost Arend 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Technology from the offshore wind industry and renewable power generation has been used to revolutionise the design of offshore gas production platforms making them cheaper, safer and more environmentally friendly. This has enabled a portfolio of marginal Southern North Sea gas fields to be developed, thus helping to secure domestic gas supply in the UK and The Netherlands.
HSE Mission Statement "On the Monotower production platform projects our Work is never so urgent or important that we cannot ‘Take the Time’ or ‘Make the Effort’ to do it Safely"
This Monotower platform design won the UK Energy Institute's Technology award in 2005
The Energy Institute Awards recognize excellence and innovation in the world of energy. They offer companies of all sizes the opportunity to showcase their groundbreaking accomplishments in the international arena.
Development drivers
Significant cost reductions were required to achieve economic development of ever-smaller gas accumulations in the Southern North Sea
The Design Philosophy was to start with a clean sheet of paper and apply the "zero based engineering" principle. Minimum facilities (production, measurement and export to nearby facilities)Unmannedemote controlled from onshoreNo helideckNo living quartersMarine access systemOne leg, one pile (no jacket)Power Generation by solar and windZero EmissionsMaintenance every 2 yearsNo Full Deluge SystemNo Gas DetectionSeveral installation possibilities (with an installation vessel or jack up)
Reusing O&G Depleted Reservoirs for CO2 Storage: Pros and Cons
Authors: Loizzo M. , Lecampion B. , Bérard T. , Harichandran A. , Jammes L. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Two main types of reservoirs are considered for geological storage of CO2: deep saline formations and depleted oil and gas reservoirs. The former offer very large potential capacity and a more even distribution, at the expense of high uncertainty due to the very poor characterization of their properties, including their sealing capacity; the latter offer smaller overall capacity, but with a reduced risk due to better reservoir knowledge. Gas reservoirs have also provided a proven seal to pressurized gas.
However, reusing depleted O&G reservoirs presents challenges that must be considered in the evaluation of performance factors and the risks associated
Depletion can cause pore collapse in the reservoir – with an associated loss of capacity and injectivity – weaken caprock and bounding faults, or even well completions, leading to possible containment losses due to mechanical failure. O&G reservoirs are also intersected by many wells and it is likely that stricter regulatory requirements on well integrity and the quality of zonal isolation will force operators to recomplete or work over wells which will be exposed to CO2, with an obvious impact on cost.
Low reservoir pressure may also mean that injection of CO2 in a dense phase would result in reservoir fracturing and very strong thermal effects that may lead to injectivity problems. In the reservoir, chemical and physical differences in behavior between CO2 and methane may adversely affect geological containment and injectivity.
Economics and financing present another set of constraints: use of injected CO2 for EOR/EGR vs. storage may lead to difficulties in obtaining emission credits. Infrastructure decommissioning and conflict with resource exploitation may reduce the attractiveness of depleted reservoirs.
The benefits and challenges of depleted O&G reservoirs will be analyzed with respect to all performance factors (capacity, injectivity, containment) and the major drivers of costs and risks will be identified. Fixed costs and risks, associated to uncertain capacity for deep saline formations or uncertain containment for depleted reservoirs, will then be used to compare the two candidates for CO2 geological storage and the paper will propose criteria to aid in the selection of possible storage sites.
Patented Foamed Chemical Technology Frees Stuck Tubing in Coalbed Methane (CBM) Wells
Authors: Darby Greg , Brown Mike 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Gas and water production from CBM wells in Southwest Virginia has led to problematic deposition of mineral scales. Calcium carbonate essentially cements the production casing and tubing together, making well repairs time-consuming, difficult, and costly. In some areas, work-over operations to remove the mineral scale deposition exceed $165,000 and several weeks per well. This paper will describe a novel technology that applies acid via foamed liquid to free the tubing at a fraction of the time and cost compared with traditional means.
The applications described in this paper have been in the Southwest Virginia area. Twelve unproductive CBM wells were treated with a foamed acid that successfully, economically and quickly helped free stuck tubing. The technology uses nitrogen gas to help generate stable, self-supporting foam from a liquid acid and foamer additive. The application is made to the annulus from a truck-mounted, purpose-built skid that contains the chemical, nitrogen, pump, and foam generation equipment. Pumping foamed acid results in coverage of a larger area of the annulus compared with pumping liquid acid.
A foamed acid treatment on day one, followed by a water dump on day two, has lead to the successful pulling of stuck tubing. In addition to freeing the tubing, treated wells have provided the operator with increased gas production compared to traditional remediation methods. When treated regularly (treatment intervals range between 60-180 days), the wells maintain a steady rate of gas production.
The primary benefit of a foamed chemical application is the nearly universal coverage of the annular space. Other benefits are the elimination of the need for surface treatment equipment, low volumes of chemical required, ease of monitoring, and the ease and safety of application. This novel technology brings an economic and technologically superior solution to the problem of scale management.
What can Injection Falloff Tell About Job Placement and Production in Tight-Gas Sand
Authors: Grieser Bill , Shelley Bob 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT) is a means of obtaining important reservoir and treatment parameters ahead of the main frac treatment. However, in tight-gas sand the shut-in time required to obtain closure can be excessive. A rapid injection, falloff-analysis has been used successfully in the Granite Wash formation of the central mid-continent US to give estimations of: Maximum prop concentration for created fracture networkMaximum job time before net pressure maximumEstimated fracture leakoff rate in bbl/min
Using a modified version of the injection procedure and analysis developed by Shelley and McGowen (1986), prediction of fracture parameters can be made in as little as a 20-min shut-in. The results from this modified injection test correlate well to formation productivity.
This paper describes the stimulation chronology of the Granite Wash, the use of modified injection tests to quickly determine stimulation parameters, and the injection/production connection.
Spurring the Devonian: Methods of Fracturing the Lower Huron in Southern West Virginia and Eastern Kentucky
Authors: Rowan T. M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The Lower Huron Shale can take claim as one of the earliest discovered sources of natural gas. As with all the shales though, extracting its reserves has been the challenge. To start, the physical properties of shale are not the same as typical sandstones, limestone, and siltstones that are targeted to produce natural gas. Along with this, the mechanisms for which the hydrocarbons are stored in place and transported are unique as well.
Shale is notorious for having ultra-low permeability (μD) and because of this, the primary storage and transport of hydrocarbons comes through the series of natural fracture networks within the shale. Fracturing the shale then becomes a search for the natural fracture network that is holding the hydrocarbons.
After drilling is completed, the question becomes exactly how do we fracture this well to achieve the best results? There are several ways to stimulate the wells that have been drilled in the Lower Huron. They range from straight nitrogen stimulation to varying quality foam stimulations. These two main methods of fracturing can then be broken down into many different style stimulations by changing rates, foam qualities, sand volumes and nitrogen volumes.
A couple of things to look at when designing a stimulation job is depth, field of play, thickness of the zone, and its gamma ray reading on the log. This paper will discuss fracture styles and which ones seem to perform better in wells given certain characteristics and what might be changed to produce the best results.
Time-resolved imaging of fluorescent inclusions in optically turbid medium — phantom study
Authors: Kacprzak M. , Liebert A. , Sawosz P. , Żołek N. , Milej D. , Maniewski R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe present results of application of a time-resolved optical system for imaging of fluorescence excited in an inclusion containing indocyanine green (ICG), and located in optically turbid medium. The developed imaging system enabled simultaneous acquisition of fluorescence and diffusive reflectance. Eight independent time-resolved measurement channels based on time-correlated single photon counting technique were applied. In four of these channels, used for the fluorescence detection, sets of filters were applied in order to block the excitation light. Fast optomechanical switches allowed us to illuminate sequentially nine different spots on the surface of the studied object and finally 4×4 pixels maps at excitation and emission wavelengths were obtained. A liquid phantom used in this study consists of the fish tank filed with a solution ofmilk and water with black ink added to obtain optical properties in the range of the optical properties typical for the living tissue. A gel ball of a diameter of 5 mm with precisely controlled concentration of ICG was immersed in the liquid. The measurements were performed for inclusion located at different depths and for various ICG concentrations in the gel ball and in the surrounding liquid. The recorded distributions of times of arrival (DTA) of fluorescence photons and times of flight (DTOF) of diffusely reflected photons were analyzed by calculation of their statistical moments. We observed specific changes in moments of the measured DTAs as a function of depth of immersion of the fluorescent inclusion in the medium. We noted also that the changes of moments depend significantly on concentration of the dye in the fluorescence inclusion as well as in the surrounding liquid.
Corneal Topography Six Years After Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Serrao Sebastiano , Lombardo Giuseppe , Lombardo Marco , Palombi Marino , Roberts Cynthia J. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:
To analyze the 6-year response of corneal topography to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia and myopic astigmatism.

Methods:
Twenty patients (40 eyes) who had PRK using the Technolas Keracor 217C excimer laser platform were followed up to 6 years after surgery. The eyes were subdivided into three groups according to the preoperative spherical equivalent refraction and astigmatism component. Corneal topographic maps were obtained with a Placido disk topographer (Keratron Scout). The pre- and postoperative topographical data were imported into custom software, which computed the average composite corneal map and average difference map for each study group to quantify the anterior corneal changes following laser ablation. The software defined three concentric zones of the surface topography, allowing characterization of the regional corneal response following surgery.

Results:

At 6 years, no changes in the surface topographic configuration of the central cornea were assessed following spherical myopic ablations in comparison with 1 year postoperatively. A slight peripheral flattening of approximately 0.60 diopters (D) (
P
<.001) was measured following the higher myopic ablations at 6 years compared with 1 year postoperatively. Minimal changes, of approximately 0.30 D (
P
<.001), in the anterior central cornea were observed following astigmatic correction during follow-up.

Conclusions:

Photorefractive keratectomy for the correction of myopia provides stable corneal topography, with no clinically significant changes in the curvature profile at 6 years after surgery. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:451–458.]
Matrix Architecture Dictates Three-Dimensional Migration Modes of Human Macrophages: Differential Involvement of Proteases and Podosome-Like Structures
Authors: Van Goethem Emeline , Poincloux Renaud , Gauffre Fabienne , Maridonneau-Parini Isabelle , Le Cabec Véronique 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Tissue infiltration of macrophages, although critical for innate immunity, is also involved in pathologies, such as chronic inflammation and cancer. In vivo, macrophages migrate mostly in a constrained three-dimensional (3D) environment. However, in vitro studies, mainly focused on two dimensions, do not provide meaningful clues about the mechanisms involved in 3D macrophage migration. In contrast, tumor cell 3D migration is well documented. It comprises a protease-independent and Rho kinase (ROCK)-dependent amoeboid migration mode and a protease-dependent and ROCK-independent mesenchymal migration mode. In this study, we examined the influence of extracellular matrix (composition, architecture, and stiffness) on 3D migration of human macrophages derived from blood monocytes (MDMs). We show that: 1) MDMs use either the amoeboid migration mode in fibrillar collagen I or the mesenchymal migration mode in Matrigel and gelled collagen I, whereas HT1080 tumor cells only perform mesenchymal migration; 2) when MDMs use the mesenchymal migratory mode, they form 3D collagenolytic structures at the tips of cell protrusions that share several markers with podosomes as described in two dimensions; 3) in contrast to tumor cells, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors do not impair protease-dependent macrophage 3D migration, suggesting the involvement of other proteolytic systems; and 4) MDMs infiltrating matrices of similar composition but with variable stiffness adapt their migration mode primarily to the matrix architecture. In conclusion, although it is admitted that leukocytes 3D migration is restricted to the amoeboid mode, we show that human macrophages also perform the mesenchymal mode but in a distinct manner than tumor cells, and they naturally adapt their migration mode to the environmental constraints.