bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nikolskii-type inequalities for trigonometric polynomials and entire functions of exponential type
Authors: Nessel R. J. , Wilmes G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNikolskii-type inequalities, thus inequalities between different metrics of a function, are established for trigonometric polynomials and pth power integrable functions, 0<p<∞, of several variables having Fourier transform with compact support. It is shown that certain gaps in the spectra of the functions involved may be taken into account. As an immediate consequence it follows that the general results cover the classical inequalities which are concerned with functions of rectangular type. But at the same time one may give applications to functions of type K where K is a symmetric body in Euclidean n–space.
A property of hereditarily locally connected continua related to arcwise accessibility
Authors: Simone Joseph N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA continuum (that is, a compact connected Hausdorff space) is hereditarily locally connected if each of its subcontinua is locally connected. It is shown that a continuumXis hereditarily locally connected if and only if for each connected open setUinXand each pointpin the boundary ofU, U∪ {p} is locally connected. This result is used to prove that ifXis an hereditarily locally connected continuum,Uis a connected open subset ofX, pis an element of the boundary ofUandXis first countable atp, thenpis arcwise accessible fromU.
Existence of finite groups with classical commutator subgroup
Authors: Miller Michael D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGiven a group G, we may ask whether it is the commutator subgroup of some group G. For example, every abelian group G is the commutator subgroup of a semi-direct product of G x G by a cyclic group of order 2. On the other hand, no symmetric group Sn(n>2) is the commutator subgroup of any group G. In this paper we examine the classical linear groups over finite fields K of characteristic not equal to 2, and determine which can be commutator subgroups of other groups. In particular, we settle the question for all normal subgroups of the general linear groups GLn(K), the unitary groups Un(K) (n≠4), and the orthogonal groups On(K) (n≧7).
Splitting theorems in abelian-by-hypercyclic groups
Authors: Tomkinson M. J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIf is a saturated formation of finite soluble groups and G is a finite group whose -residual A is abelian then it is well known that G splits over A and the complements are conjugate. Hartley and Tomkinson (1975) considered the special case of this result in which is the class of nilpotent groups and obtained similar results for abelian-by-hypercentral groups with rank restrictions on the abelian normal subgroup. Here we consider the super-soluble case, obtaining corresponding results for abelian-by-hypercyclic groups.
On the approximation of algebraic numbers by algebraic integers
Authors: Mahler K. 
Published: April 2009

In his Topics in Number Theory, vol. 2, chapter 2 (Reading, Mass., 1956) W. J. LeVeque proved an important generalisation of Roth's theorem (K. F. Roth, Mathematika 2,1955, 1—20).Let ξ be a fixed algebraic number, σ a positive constant, and K an algebraic number field of degree n. For κ∈K denote by κ(1), …, κ(n) the conjugates of κ relative to K, by h(κ) the smallest positive integer such that the polynomial has rational integral coefficients, and by q(κ) the quantity
Preemptive priority queues
Authors: Yeo G. F. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryIn this paper priority queues with K classes of customers with a preemptive repeat and a preemptive resume policy are considered. Customers arrive in independent Poisson processes, are served, within classes, in order of arrival, and have general requirements for service. Transforms of stationary waiting time and queue size distributions and busy period distributions are obtained for individual classes and for the system; the moments of the distributions are considered.
Extremally richC*-crossed products and the cancellation property
Authors: Jeong Ja A , Osaka Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA unitalC*-algebraAis called extremally rich if the set of quasi-invertible elementsA-1ex (A)A-1(= A-1q) is dense inA, where ex(A) is the set of extreme points in the closed unit ballA1ofA. In [7, 8] Brown and Pedersen introduced this notion and showed thatAis extremally rich if and only if conv(ex(A)) =A1. Any unital simpleC*-algebra with extremal richness is either purely infinite or has stable rank one (sr(A) = 1). In this note we investigate the extremal richness ofC*-crossed products of extremally richC*-algebras by finite groups. It is shown that ifAis purely infinite simple and unital thenAxα,Gis extremally rich for any finite groupG. But this is not true in general whenGis an infinite discrete group. IfAis simple with sr(A) =, and has the SP-property, then it is shown that any crossed productAxαGby a finite abelian groupGhas cancellation. Moreover if this crossed product has real rank zero, it has stable rank one and hence is extremally rich.
Boundedness of rough singular integral operators on homogeneous Herz spaces
Authors: Hu Guoen , Lu Shanzhen , Yang Dachun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe authors establish the boundedness on the Herz spaces and the weak Herz spaces for a large class of rough singular integral operators and their corresponding fractional versions. Applications are given to Fefferman's rough singular integral operators, their fractional versions, their commutators with BMO() functions and Ricci-Stein oscillatory singular integral operators. Some new results are obtained.
Involutions and commutators in orthogonal groups
Authors: Knüppel Frieder , Thomsen Gerd 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSuppose we are given a regular symmetric bilinear from on a finite-dimensional vector space V over a commutative field K of characteristic ≠ 2. We want to write given elements of the commutator subgroup ω(V) (of the orthogonal group O(V)) and also of the kernel of the spinorial norm ker(Θ) as (short) products of involutions and as products of commutators
A class of C-totally real submanifolds of Sasakian space forms
Authors: Defever Filip , Mihai Ion , Verstraelen Leopold 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRecently, Chen defined an invariant δM of a Riemannian manifold M. Sharp inequalities for this Riemannian invariant were obtained for submanifolds in real, complex and Sasakian space forms, in terms of their mean curvature. In the present paper, we investigate certain C-totally real submanifolds of a Sasakian space form M2m+1(C)satisfying Chen's equality.
Stationarity in the simplex method
Authors: Cameron Neil 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDegeneracies occur with increasing frequency in some large scale linear programming problems, but with a simple change to the (revised) simplex method, resulting stationarity of the algorithm can be reduced. The method introduced here may also prevent cycling; neither the lexicographic refinement of Dantzig, Orden and Wolfe nor the perturbation technique of Charnes may be required to prevent cycling.
An Experimental Investigation of Causal Attributions for the Political Behavior of Muslim Candidates: Can a Muslim Represent you?
Authors: Braman Eileen , Sinno Abdulkader H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAmerican Muslim representation in elected office has lagged behind that of other groups of comparable size. Muslims now make up 2% of the total United States population and enjoy much larger concentrations in some urban areas. American Muslims are also disproportionately educated and enjoy a higher average socio-economic status than members of groups with similar numbers that have made strides in terms of political representation in our democracy. Yet Muslims have not made similar advances in the political arena. There are a number of reasons that might account for this situation. Here, we look at one possible explanation that is especially intriguing — and perhaps a bit troubling: the idea that voters make different causal attributions for the behavior of Muslim candidates for office. We employ an experimental design to examine the attributions participants use to “explain” the behavior of hypothetical Muslim and non-Muslim candidates. We conduct two experiments involving distinct political offices: State Attorney General and United States Senator. We find that respondents generally do not attribute behavior differently in the case of Muslim and Christian candidates, except in the case of lax prosecution of a terrorism case. Politically sophisticated respondents assume that a Muslim prosecutor who does not have a large Muslim constituency is sympathetic to Muslim terrorists, but not one with a larger Muslim voting base. Non-sophisticates attribute his behavior to such motivations regardless of the concentration of Muslims in his district.
Xanthomonas T3S Effector XopN Suppresses PAMP-Triggered Immunity and Interacts with a Tomato Atypical Receptor-Like Kinase and TFT1
Authors: Kim Jung-Gun , Li Xinyan , Roden Julie Anne , Taylor Kyle W. , Aakre Chris D. , Su Bessie , Lalonde Sylvie , Kirik Angela , Chen Yanhui , Baranage Gayathri , McLane Heather , Martin Gregory B. , Mudgett Mary Beth 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
XopN is a virulence factor from Xanthomonas campestris pathovar vesicatoria (Xcv) that is translocated into tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf cells by the pathogen's type III secretion system. Xcv ΔxopN mutants are impaired in growth and have reduced ability to elicit disease symptoms in susceptible tomato leaves. We show that XopN action in planta reduced pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-induced gene expression and callose deposition in host tissue, indicating that XopN suppresses PAMP-triggered immune responses during Xcv infection. XopN is predicted to have irregular, α-helical repeats, suggesting multiple protein–protein interactions in planta. Consistent with this prediction, XopN interacted with the cytosolic domain of a Tomato Atypical Receptor-Like Kinase1 (TARK1) and four Tomato Fourteen-Three-Three isoforms (TFT1, TFT3, TFT5, and TFT6) in yeast. XopN/TARK1 and XopN/TFT1 interactions were confirmed in planta by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and pull-down analysis. Xcv ΔxopN virulence defects were partially suppressed in transgenic tomato leaves with reduced TARK1 mRNA levels, indicating that TARK1 plays an important role in the outcome of Xcv–tomato interactions. These data provide the basis for a model in which XopN binds to TARK1 to interfere with TARK1-dependent signaling events triggered in response to Xcv infection.
Arabidopsis LTPG Is a Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Lipid Transfer Protein Required for Export of Lipids to the Plant Surface
Authors: DeBono Allan , Yeats Trevor H. , Rose Jocelyn K.C. , Bird David , Jetter Reinhard , Kunst Ljerka , Samuels Lacey 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Plant epidermal cells dedicate more than half of their lipid metabolism to the synthesis of cuticular lipids, which seal and protect the plant shoot. The cuticle is made up of a cutin polymer and waxes, diverse hydrophobic compounds including very-long-chain fatty acids and their derivatives. How such hydrophobic compounds are exported to the cuticle, especially through the hydrophilic plant cell wall, is not known. By performing a reverse genetic screen, we have identified LTPG, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored lipid transfer protein that is highly expressed in the epidermis during cuticle biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence stems. Mutant plant lines with decreased LTPG expression had reduced wax load on the stem surface, showing that LTPG is involved either directly or indirectly in cuticular lipid deposition. In vitro 2-p-toluidinonaphthalene-6-sulfonate assays showed that recombinant LTPG has the capacity to bind to this lipid probe. LTPG was primarily localized to the plasma membrane on all faces of stem epidermal cells in the growing regions of inflorescence stems where wax is actively secreted. These data suggest that LTPG may function as a component of the cuticular lipid export machinery.
Impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on patient outcomes in Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Gruber Franz , Mustjoki Satu , Porkka Kimmo 
Published: April 2009

SummaryAcute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease that is often associated with several chromosomal and molecular abnormalities. Patients who have the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome and associated BCR‐ABL1 oncogene have a particularly poor prognosis. Currently, allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is the only known curative treatment for Ph+ ALL and facilitating allo‐HSCT in eligible patients is a key treatment goal. However, many patients relapse after allo‐HSCT, particularly those with measurable residual disease prior to transplantation, and a significant percentage of patients are ineligible for allo‐HSCT, particularly older patients. Hence, many patients require additional/alternative therapies to prolong survival. Studies are ongoing to determine the most effective first‐line drug regimens for patients who subsequently undergo allo‐HSCT and ineligible patients. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeted to Bcr‐Abl are important novel therapies for Ph+ ALL. Although imatinib administered in combination with chemotherapy is established as the current first‐line strategy, relapse is common, even among allo‐HSCT recipients. Emerging data indicate that more potent multi‐targeted kinase inhibitors (including dasatinib, nilotinib, and bosutinib) have promising efficacy in the first‐ or second‐line setting. Here, the evidence base for existing drug treatments for Ph+ ALL is discussed and emerging therapeutic strategies are explored.
Mutations of polycomb‐associated gene ASXL1 in myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia
Authors: Gelsi‐Boyer Véronique , Trouplin Virginie , Adélaïde José , Bonansea Julien , Cervera Nathalie , Carbuccia Nadine , Lagarde Arnaud , Prebet Thomas , Nezri Meyer , Sainty Danielle , Olschwang Sylviane , Xerri Luc , Chaffanet Max , Mozziconacci Marie‐Joëlle , Vey Norbert , Birnbaum Daniel 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThe myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a heterogeneous group of clonal haematological diseases characterized by ineffective haematopoiesis and predisposition to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The pathophysiology of MDSs remains unclear. A definition of the molecular biology of MDSs may lead to a better classification, new prognosis indicators and new treatments. We studied a series of 40 MDS/AML samples by high‐density array‐comparative genome hybridization (aCGH). The genome of MDSs displayed a few alterations that can point to candidate genes, which potentially regulate histone modifications and WNT pathways (e.g. ASXL1, ASXL2, UTX, CXXC4, CXXC5, TET2, TET3). To validate some of these candidates we studied the sequence of ASXL1. We found mutations in the ASXL1 gene in four out of 35 MDS patients (11%). To extend these results we searched for mutations of ASXL1 in a series of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemias, a disease classified as MDS/Myeloproliferative disorder, and found mutations in 17 out of 39 patients (43%). These results show that ASXL1 might play the role of a tumour suppressor in myeloid malignancies.
A risk score for the management of pregnant women with increased risk of venous thromboembolism: a multicentre prospective study
Authors: Dargaud Yesim , Rugeri Lucia , Vergnes Marie Christine , Arnuti Brigitte , Miranda Paula , Negrier Claude , Bestion Audrey , Desmurs‐Clavel Hélène , Ninet Jacques , Gaucherand Pascal , Rudigoz Rene Charles , Berland Michel , Champion Fabienne , Trzeciak Marie Christine 
Published: April 2009

SummaryPatients with thrombophilia and/or a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) exhibit a high risk of thrombosis during pregnancy. The present multicentre study prospectively assessed a prophylaxis strategy, based on a risk score, in pregnancies with increased risk of VTE. Among 286 patients included in the study, 183 had a personal history of VTE (63·98%) and 191 patients (66·8%) had a thrombophilia marker. Eighty nine (46·6%) thrombophilic women had a personal history of VTE. Patients were assigned to one of three prophylaxis strategies according to the risk scoring system. In postpartum, all patients received low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) prophylaxis for at least 6 weeks. In antepartum, LMWH prophylaxis was prescribed to 61·8% of patients with high risk of VTE. Among them, 37·7% were treated in the third trimester only and 24·1% were treated throughout pregnancy. In this cohort, one antepartum‐related VTE (0·35%) and two postpartum‐related VTE (0·7%) occurred. No case of pulmonary embolism was observed during the study period. The rate of serious bleeding was 0·35%. There was no evidence of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia or osteoporosis. The use of a risk score may provide a rational decision process to implement safe and effective antepartum thromboprophylaxis in pregnant women at high risk of VTE.
H-ficolin serum concentration and susceptibility to fever and neutropenia in paediatric cancer patients
Authors: Schlapbach L J , Aebi C , Hansen A G , Hirt A , Jensenius J C , Ammann R A 
Published: April 2009

Summary
H-ficolin (Hakata antigen, ficolin-3) activates the lectin pathway of complement similar to mannose-binding lectin. However, its impact on susceptibility to infection is currently unknown. This study investigated whether the serum concentration of H-ficolin at diagnosis is associated with fever and neutropenia (FN) in paediatric cancer patients. H-ficolin was measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay in serum taken at cancer diagnosis from 94 children treated with chemotherapy. The association of FN episodes with H-ficolin serum concentration was analysed by multivariate Poisson regression. Median concentration of H-ficolin in serum was 26 mg/l (range 6–83). Seven (7%) children had low H-ficolin (&lt; 14 mg/l). During a cumulative chemotherapy exposure time of 82 years, 177 FN episodes were recorded, 35 (20%) of them with bacteraemia. Children with low H-ficolin had a significantly increased risk to develop FN [relative risk (RR) 2·24; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·38–3·65; P = 0·004], resulting in prolonged duration of hospitalization and of intravenous anti-microbial therapy. Bacteraemia occurred more frequently in children with low H-ficolin (RR 2·82; CI 1·02–7·76; P = 0·045). In conclusion, low concentration of H-ficolin was associated with an increased risk of FN, particularly FN with bacteraemia, in children treated with chemotherapy for cancer. Low H-ficolin thus represents a novel risk factor for chemotherapy-related infections.
The role of temperature and desiccation stress in limiting the local‐scale distribution of the owl limpet, Lottia gigantea
Authors: Miller Luke P. , Harley Christopher D. G. , Denny Mark W. 
Published: April 2009

Summary

Small‐scale distributions of rocky intertidal organisms may be determined in part by temperature and desiccation stress during low tide and the ability of organisms to resist such stresses. Biophysical modelling techniques, coupled with data on the physiological tolerance of organisms can be used to predict the frequency and severity of abiotic stress events.
The limpet Lottia gigantea is a major competitor for primary space on rocky shores along the west coast of North America. The goal of this study was to quantify the thermal and desiccation tolerance of this species and to predict the frequency of stressful events at Hopkins Marine Station (HMS) in Pacific Grove, CA, USA.
Lottia gigantea were exposed to thermal stress regimes in the laboratory using protocols designed to mimic prolonged exposures in the field. The production of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) was measured as an indicator of sub‐lethal stress, and mortality rates were measured.
Peak expression of Hsp70 occurred during exposures at 32 °C, while the lethal limits of the limpets ranged between 30 and 42 °C, depending on the exposure regime. Lethal temperatures were approximately 5 °C lower in 50–60% relative humidity conditions compared to 100% relative humidity trials.
Results from the physiology experiments were compared to field surveys of the upper limits of L. gigantea at HMS and with heat‐budget model predictions of limpet body temperatures on a variety of substratum orientations.
The highest frequency of sub‐lethal and lethal stress events was predicted to occur on high‐shore westerly and southerly slopes and horizontal surfaces, microhabitats where L. gigantea is comparatively rare at HMS. Predicted stress and mortality events were rare at low‐shore sites, vertical surfaces, and sloping rock faces oriented towards the northeast and northwest.
The combination of direct measurements of sub‐lethal and lethal temperature thresholds using realistic stress exposures and predictions from a heat‐budget model give insight into the role of thermal disturbance in affecting the local‐scale distributions of intertidal organisms. These methods hold great promise for enhancing our understanding of the role of abiotic factors in limiting species distributions and making predictions about responses to future climatic conditions.
Pain assessment by children and adolescents during intraosseous anaesthesia using a computerized system (QuickSleeper™)
Authors: SIXOU JEAN‐LOUIS , MARIE‐COUSIN ALEXIA , HUET ADELINE , HINGANT BERNARD , ROBERT JEAN‐CLAUDE 
Published: April 2009

Background.  Intraosseous (IO) anaesthesia has been shown to be effective in children. However, the pain associated with anaesthetic injections, and its acceptance by children, have never been studied.Aim.  The aim of this study was to assess the pain associated with the IO injection of 4% articaine with 1 : 200 000 epinephrine using the computerized QuickSleeper‘ system in a population of children and adolescents.Design.  IO anaesthesia was performed on patients aged 10.4 ± 2.6 years of age. The patients assessed their pain on a faces pain scale (FPS) and on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The operators were also asked to assess signs of patient pain/discomfort.Results.  No pain or mild discomfort was reported by, respectively, 81.8% (FPS) and 83.9% (VAS) of the patients. Some 58.9% of children with previous experience of dental anaesthesia reported that computerized IO anaesthesia was more comfortable than traditional infiltration methods. Operators noted signs of discomfort during penetration and injection in 18.3% and 25.3% of the patients, respectively.Conclusions.  This study showed that the majority of children reported no pain or mild pain when anaesthetic was administered by computerized needle rotation and solution deposition. This technique holds promise for use by trained paediatric dentists.