bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-bead void reduction by crossing printing routes of fused filament fabricated composites
Authors: Marchal Valentin , Zhang Yicha , Lachat Rémy , Labed Nadia , Peyraut François 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
The use of continuous fiber-reinforced filaments improves the mechanical properties obtained with the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. Yet, there is a lack of simulation tailored tools to assist in the design for additive manufacturing of continuous fiber composites. To build such models, a precise elastic model is required. As the porosity caused by interbead voids remains an important flaw of the process, this paper aims to build an elastic model integrating this aspect.

Design/methodology/approach
To study the amount of porosity, which could be a failure initiator, this study proposes a two step periodic homogenization method. The first step concerns the microscopic scale with a unit cell made of fiber and matrix. The second step is at the mesoscopic scale and combines the elastic material of the first step with the interbead voids. The void content has been set as a parameter of the model. The material models predicted with the periodic homogenization were compared with experimental results.

Findings
The comparison between periodic homogenization results and tensile test results shows a fair agreement between the experimental results and that of the numerical simulation, whatever the fibers’ orientations are. Moreover, a void content reduction has been observed by increasing the crossing angle from one layer to another. An empiric law giving the porosity according to this crossing angle was created. The model and the law can be further used for design evaluation and optimization of continuous fiber-reinforced FFF.

Originality/value
A new elastic model considering interbead voids and its variation with the crossing angle of the fibers has been built. It can be used in simulation tools to design high performance fused filament fabricated composite parts.
Farmer Protests and Income Developments in the EU
Authors: Matthews Alan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFarmer protests are currently taking place in many European countries. There are multiple motives behind these, but low prices and incomes are frequently cited. This can be hard to understand, as agricultural incomes in the past three years in the EU have reached their highest ever levels, largely the result of a decline in the number of farms and farmers. Farms are also very heterogeneous. Those farms producing the majority of agricultural output have the necessary scale to provide a decent income, but the majority of farms are not able to remunerate their labour input adequately. The continued existence of a productivity gap between farm and non‐farm sectors suggests farm consolidation will continue, but stronger environmental interventions could ensure this process occurs in a sustainable way.
Comparative analysis of endometrial, vaginal, and gut microbiota in patients with and without adenomyosis
Authors: Valdés‐Bango Marta , Gracia Meritxell , Rubio Elisa , Vergara Andrea , Casals‐Pascual Climent , Ros Cristina , Rius Mariona , Martínez‐Zamora Maria Ángeles , Mension Eduard , Quintas Lara , Carmona Francisco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlterations in microbiota composition have been implicated in a variety of human diseases. Patients with adenomyosis present immune dysregulation leading to a persistent chronic inflammatory response. In this context, the hypothesis that alterations in the microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, by affecting the epigenetic, immunologic, and biochemical functions of the host, has recently been postulated. The aim of the present study was to compare the microbiota composition in the vagina, endometrium, and gut of individuals with and without adenomyosis.Material and MethodsCross‐sectional study including 38 adenomyosis patients and 46 controls, performed between September 2021 and October 2022 in a university hospital‐based research center. The diagnosis of adenomyosis was based on sonographic criteria. Fecal, vaginal, and endometrial samples were collected. Study of the microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsPatients with adenomyosis exhibited a significant reduction in the gut microbial alpha diversity compared with healthy controls (Chao1 p = 0.012, Fisher p = 0.005, Observed species p = 0.005). Beta‐diversity analysis showed significant differences in the compositions of both gut and vaginal microbiota between adenomyosis patients and the control group (Adonis p‐value = 0.001; R2 = 0.03 and Adonis p‐value = 0.034; R2 = 0.04 respectively). Specific bacterial taxa were found to be either overrepresented (Rhodospirillales, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, Ruminococcaceae, and Actinomyces) or underrepresented in the gut and endometrial microbiota of adenomyosis patients compared with controls. Distinct microbiota profiles were identified among patients with internal and external adenomyosis phenotypes.ConclusionsThe study revealed reduced gut microbiota diversity in adenomyosis patients, accompanied by distinct compositions in gut and vaginal microbiota compared with controls. Overrepresented or underrepresented bacterial taxa were noted in the gut and endometrial microbiota of adenomyosis patients, with variations in microbiota profiles among those with internal and external adenomyosis phenotypes. These findings suggest a potential association between microbiota and adenomyosis, indicating the need for further research to comprehensively understand the implications of these differences.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation versus invasive ventilation in patients with COVID‐19 acute respiratory distress syndrome and pneumomediastinum: A cohort trial
Authors: Attou Rachid , Redant Sebastien , Velissaris Dimitrios , Kefer Keitiane , Abou Lebdeh Mazen , Waterplas Eric , Pierrakos Charalampos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with severe respiratory failure due to COVID‐19 who are not under mechanical ventilation may develop severe hypoxemia when complicated with spontaneous pneumomediastinum (PM). These patients may be harmed by invasive ventilation. Alternatively, veno‐venous (V‐V) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be applied. We report on the efficacy of V‐V ECMO and invasive ventilation as initial advanced respiratory support in patients with COVID‐19 and acute respiratory failure due to spontaneous PM.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study performed between March 2020 and January 2022. Enrolled patients had COVID‐19 and acute respiratory failure due to spontaneous PM and were not invasively ventilated. Patients were treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) with invasive ventilation (invasive ventilation group) or V‐V ECMO support (V‐V ECMO group) as the main therapeutic option. The primary outcomes were mortality and ICU discharge at 90 days after ICU admission.ResultsTwenty‐two patients were included in this study (invasive ventilation group: 13 [59%]; V‐V ECMO group: 9 [41%]). The V‐V ECMO strategy was significantly associated with lower mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.33 [95% CI 0.12–0.97], p = 0.04). Five (38%) patients in the V‐V ECMO group were intubated and eight (89%) patients in the invasive ventilation group required V‐V ECMO support within 30 days from ICU admission. Three (33%) patients in the V‐V ECMO group were discharged from ICU within 90 days compared to one (8%) patient in the invasive ventilation group (HR 4.71 [95% CI 0.48–45.3], p = 0.18).ConclusionsPreliminary data suggest that V‐V ECMO without invasive ventilation may improve survival in COVID‐19‐related acute respiratory failure due to spontaneous PM. The study's retrospective design and limited sample size underscore the necessity for additional investigation and warrant caution.
The self‐reference effect in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Ahmed Zahra , Cunningham Sheila J. , Rhodes Sinead , Gow Ailsa , Macmillan Kirsty , Hutchison Jacqui , Ross Josephine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe self‐memory system depends on the prioritization and capture of self‐relevant information, so may be disrupted by difficulties in attending to, encoding and retrieving self‐relevant information. The current study compares memory for self‐referenced and other‐referenced items in children with ADHD and typically developing comparison groups matched for verbal and chronological age. Children aged 5–14 (N = 90) were presented with everyday objects alongside an own‐face image (self‐reference trials) or an unknown child's image (other‐referenced trials). They were asked whether the child shown would like the object, before completing a surprise source memory test. In a second task, children performed, and watched another person perform, a series of actions before their memory for the actions was tested. A significant self‐reference effect (SRE) was found in the typically developing children (i.e. both verbal and chronological age‐matched comparison groups) for the first task, with significantly better memory for self‐referenced than other‐referenced objects. However, children with ADHD showed no SRE, suggesting a compromised ability to bind information with the cognitive self‐concept. In the second task, all groups showed superior memory for actions carried out by the self, suggesting a preserved enactment effect in ADHD. Implications and applications for the self‐memory system in ADHD are discussed.
A framework for understanding the human experience of nature through cognitive mapping
Authors: Dan‐Rakedzon Nitzan , Fleming Whitney , Lissovsky Nurit , Clayton Susan , Shwartz Assaf 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHuman behavior is a key driver of the biodiversity crisis, and addressing it requires changing individual choices and actions. Yet, the same processes that imperil biodiversity (e.g., urbanization) also alienate people from the experience of nature, eroding care for the natural world. Although averting this extinction of experience is increasingly recognized as a major contemporary conservation challenge, understanding of what constitutes nature experience remains elusive and few empirical studies have explored it directly. Most researchers have used nature interactions as a stand‐in for experience, even though experience extends beyond interactions. We aimed to determine what constitutes the experience of nature and to propose a holistic, empirically derived framework that incorporates the multiple dimensions and components of the experience of nature. Using a mixed‐method approach across 3 countries (the United States, Switzerland, and Israel), we conducted a multistage, conceptual content, cognitive mapping (3CM) exercise with 106 participants. This methodology included developing a prompt to capture participants’ perceptions of nature experiences and subsequently refining and organizing their input into distinct components and underlying dimensions through an iterative engagement process. Beyond multisensory interactions with nature, experience of nature consisted of 2 dimensions: the circumstances in which interactions occur and the internal responses that encompass various cognitive, affective, and restorative benefits associated with nature interactions. These 3 dimensions had 33 components that occurred consistently across participants in the 3 countries. Frequently mentioned components included seeing animals, landscapes, or scenery; lack of human influence; weather conditions; relaxing, recharging; feeling good; and awe for nature. Fear and nature experienced at home were the least mentioned components. Together, our results showed that nature experience is a combination of nature interactions, circumstances, and internal responses. The emphasized components underscore the significance of offering access to extensive, less human‐influenced natural spaces. This in turn can foster a profound nature experience, cultivating feelings of connectedness and care for nature.
A morphological mimic: An NTRK3‐rearranged spindle cell neoplasm presenting as a groin mass
Authors: Shelvey Bethany , Dojcinov Stefan , Roman Manuela , Whitaker Iain S. , Short Emma 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK)‐rearranged spindle cell neoplasms are a recently described group of soft tissue tumors. They commonly present as a painless mass on the extremities of children and young adults. They are characterized microscopically by a heterogeneous spectrum of infiltrative spindle cell proliferations, which can morphologically mimic several other spindle cell neoplasms. Their identification is vital, as they may be amenable to treatment with tyrosine kinase‐targeted therapy. This case report describes a rare NTRK3‐rearranged spindle cell neoplasm in the groin of a 29‐year‐old female and provides further clinical and morphological features of this entity.
Endoscopic pressure study integrated system using an ultrathin gastroscope for the functional assessment of the lower esophageal sphincter
Authors: Azuma Daisuke , Shimamura Yuto , Inoue Haruhiro , Tanaka Hitoshi , Ushikubo Kei , Yamamoto Kazuki , Kimoto Yoshiaki , Okada Hiroki , Nishikawa Yohei , Tanaka Ippei , Onimaru Manabu 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThe endoscopic pressure study integrated system (EPSIS) represents an innovative approach for evaluating lower esophageal sphincter function by monitoring intragastric pressure using diagnostic gastroscopes. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and validity of employing ultrathin gastroscopes for EPSIS.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on a database of consecutive patients who underwent EPSIS using both ultrathin and regular gastroscopes between September 2021 and October 2023. The study compared EPSIS parameters between the two gastroscope types to evaluate the correlation of key metrics.ResultsThirty patients underwent EPSIS with both ultrathin and regular gastroscopes. Significant positive correlations were observed in the pressure waveform: maximum intragastric pressure (mmHg) (ρ = 0.82, P < 0.001) and intragastric pressure gradient (mmHg/s) (ρ = 0.80, P < 0.001) when comparing the two gastroscopes. Maximum intragastric pressure (15.5 [5.3–20.3] vs. 18.5 [3.4–21.6], P < 0.001) and pressure gradient (0.16 [0.013–0.41] vs. 0.24 [0.0039–1.13], P < 0.001), (median [range]) were significantly lower with ultrathin gastroscopes.ConclusionsThis study establishes that EPSIS parameters obtained with an ultrathin gastroscope exhibit a significant correlation with those obtained using a regular gastroscope, with each EPSIS parameter consistently lower. These findings support the viability of EPSIS for ultrathin gastroscopy and highlight its potential as a diagnostic tool for assessing lower esophageal sphincter function.
The associations between daily reports of loneliness and psychotic experiences in the early risk stages for psychosis
Authors: Raposo de Almeida Esdras , van der Tuin Sara , Muller Merel K. , van den Berg David , Wang Yuan‐Pang , Veling Wim , Booij Sanne H. , Wigman Johanna T. W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimBi‐directional associations between loneliness and psychotic experiences (PEs) have been reported, but the mechanisms underlying these associations are unknown. This study aims to explore associations between daily reports of loneliness and PEs, and test differences in this association across young adult individuals at different levels of risk for psychosis.MethodsWe analysed 90‐day diary data on loneliness and PEs from N = 96 participants (mean age 24.7, range 18–35, 77% female) divided into 4 subgroups, each indexing increased levels of risk for psychosis according to the clinical staging model: ‘psychometric’ (n = 25), ‘low’ (n = 27), ‘mild’ (n = 24), and ‘ultra‐high’(n = 20) risk. Multilevel vector autoregressive models examined within‐day (contemporaneous) and between‐day (temporal) associations between loneliness and PEs for the total sample. Next, these associations were compared across subgroups.ResultsLoneliness and PEs were significantly associated contemporaneously (partial correlation B = 0.14) but not temporally. Subgroup membership moderated both contemporaneous and temporal associations. The contemporaneous association between loneliness and PEs was stronger in the low‐risk subgroup compared to the mild‐risk (B = −0.35, p < .01) and ultra‐high‐risk (B = −0.36, p < .01) subgroups. The temporal association between loneliness on the previous day and PEs on the current day was stronger in mild‐risk subgroup compared to the ultra‐high‐risk subgroup (B = −0.03, p = .03). After adjusting for multiple testing, only the contemporaneous—but not the temporal—associations remained statistically significant.ConclusionsLoneliness is associated with PEs in individuals at risk for psychosis, particularly in those with low to mild symptoms. Our findings tentatively suggest that especially individuals with low expressions of PEs may be more sensitive to social context, but future studies are needed to replicate and further unravel the potentially stage‐specific interplay between social context and PEs.
Psycho‐emotional intervention with parents of very preterm babies during the first year: A single‐arm pilot study
Authors: Padilla‐Muñoz Eva M. , Barbancho‐Morant M. Merced , Lanzarote‐Fernández M. Dolores , Sanduvete‐Chaves Susana , Chacón‐Moscoso Salvador 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStudies of intervention programs that aim to improve the emotional state of parents of children admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) are scarce in Spain. The aims of this single‐arm pilot study are to get to know the emotional profile of parents of high‐risk preterm newborns, and to explore parents' patterns of emotional well‐being before and after a psychological program called the Parental Empowerment Program, to increase parental readiness levels. The sample was made up of 100 parents (50 couples) who participated in the program. Measurements were taken of post‐traumatic stress, depression, and resilience at 1 month and 12 months. Repeated measurements and dyadic data analyses were performed. One month after the birth of the baby and prior to the start of the program, mothers show more symptoms of stress and depression than fathers. After the intervention, both parents experienced improvements in their mood levels. The evidence obtained seems to show that high resilience levels and low post‐traumatic stress symptoms are associated with reduced depression levels after implementing the program. However, the heterogeneity of the responses obtained, the observed associations between stress, resilience, and maternal depression, along with the reciprocal influence between maternal and paternal depression 1 year after the intervention, highlight the need for a more in‐depth exploration of the interplay between risk and protective factors in this population. Despite the identified potential threats to validity, further work in this direction is recommended, including the implementation of clinical trials to demonstrate intervention efficacy. The adaptation of the parents' mutual emotional adjustment at each stage would allow them to participate more actively in the baby's care.
From mock interviews to real job interviews: Assessing the efficacy of business Chinese instruction
Authors: Shi Zhongqi , Li Shuai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe study investigates whether and how mock interviews, an instructional component of business Chinese courses, prepare students for real interviews. The study included 11 American undergraduate students who participated in a 10‐week summer study abroad program in China. Participants underwent two rounds of mock interviews with their instructors and received individualized written feedback after each interview. They were then interviewed by hiring managers from the companies of their choice. The results of the study showed that the feedback provided by instructors addressed various performance issues, with a focus on linguistic accuracy rather than interview content. Comparison of the mock interviews with real job interviews showed significant differences in interview content, including workplace‐related interactions, language functions, and free chatting. The findings have implications for teaching and research in language for specific purposes.
Global introductions and environmental impacts of freshwater megafish
Authors: Chen Xing , Evans Thomas G. , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Jähnig Sonja C. , He Fengzhi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFreshwater megafish species, such as sturgeons, salmonids, carps, and catfishes, have a maximum reported weight ≥30 kg. Due to their charisma and economic value, they have been widely introduced outside of their native ranges. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the introduction of freshwater megafish and an assessment of their environmental impacts. Of the 134 extant freshwater megafish species, 46% have been introduced to new environments, and of these, 69% have established self‐sustaining alien populations. These introductions affect 59% of the world's main basins, with the USA and western Europe being particular hotspots of megafish introductions. The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is the most widely introduced species. Using the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT and EICAT+) frameworks, we assessed the severity and type of negative and positive impacts posed by alien megafish on native species. Alien megafish caused negative impacts through nine different mechanisms, with predation being the most frequently reported mechanism, followed by herbivory and competition. Moreover, 58% of the alien megafish species with sufficient data to evaluate the severity of their impacts caused declining populations of native species, or worse, extirpations of native species populations. The positive environmental impacts of alien megafish were far less frequently documented. They include biotic interactions that benefit native species, and the provision of trophic resources or habitats. Widely introduced or extensively studied species are more likely to have documented severe impacts on native species. There is a clear trade‐off between the economic benefits associated with megafish introductions and the severe adverse impacts they have on native biodiversity. Our study highlights the need for comprehensive risk assessments to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of megafish. More research and long‐term monitoring schemes are required to inform management actions to protect biodiversity, particularly in the Global South.