bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legacy effects of premature defoliation in response to an extreme drought event modulate phytochemical profiles with subtle consequences for leaf herbivory in European beech
Authors: Eisenring Michael , Gessler Arthur , Frei Esther R. , Glauser Gaétan , Kammerer Bernd , Moor Maurice , Perret‐Gentil Anouchka , Wohlgemuth Thomas , Gossner Martin M. 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Extreme droughts can have long‐lasting effects on forest community dynamics and species interactions. Yet, our understanding of how drought legacy modulates ecological relationships is just unfolding. We tested the hypothesis that leaf chemistry and herbivory show long‐term responses to premature defoliation caused by an extreme drought event in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).
For two consecutive years after the extreme European summer drought in 2018, we collected leaves from the upper and lower canopy of adjacently growing drought‐stressed and unstressed trees. Leaf chemistry was analyzed and leaf damage by different herbivore‐feeding guilds was quantified.
We found that drought had lasting impacts on leaf nutrients and on specialized metabolomic profiles. However, drought did not affect the primary metabolome. Drought‐related phytochemical changes affected damage of leaf‐chewing herbivores whereas damage caused by other herbivore‐feeding guilds was largely unaffected. Drought legacy effects on phytochemistry and herbivory were often weaker than between‐year or between‐canopy strata variability.
Our findings suggest that a single extreme drought event bears the potential to long‐lastingly affect tree–herbivore interactions. Drought legacy effects likely become more important in modulating tree–herbivore interactions since drought frequency and severity are projected to globally increase in the coming decades.
Outcomes of combined left bundle branch area pacing with atrioventricular nodal ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation and pulmonary disease
Authors: Sefton Christopher , Tanaka‐Esposito Christine , Dresing Thomas , Lee Justin , Chung Roy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionConcomitant left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) with atrioventricular (AV) nodal ablation is emerging as a viable management option in atrial fibrillation refractory to medical management. Its viability in patients with pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation is unknown.Methods and resultsThis is a retrospective, observational cohort study in consecutive patients who underwent concomitant LBBAP with AV nodal ablation with advanced pulmonary disease at the Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital between January 2019 and January 2023. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, and medication use were extracted via chart review. Rates of hospitalizations, medication use, and structural disease seen on echocardiography were compared before and after the procedure. There were 27 patients with group 3 pulmonary hypertension who underwent the procedure. In the 24 months preprocedure, there were 114 admissions for heart failure or atrial fibrillation compared to 9 admissions postprocedure (p < .001). Mean follow up was 17.3 ± 12.1 months. There were no significant complications or lead dislodgements. Echocardiographic characteristics were similar prior to and after pacemaker implantation. Use of medications for rate and rhythm control was common preprocedure, and was reduced dramatically postprocedure.ConclusionThis small, retrospective cohort study suggests concomitant LBBAP with AV nodal ablation may be safe and efficacious for management of atrial fibrillation in patients with advanced pulmonary disease.
A new method for tracking the preparatory activation of target templates for visual search with high temporal precision
Authors: Dodwell Gordon , Nako Rebecca , Eimer Martin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEfficiently selecting task‐relevant objects during visual search depends on foreknowledge of their defining characteristics, which are represented within attentional templates. These templates bias attentional processing toward template‐matching sensory signals and are assumed to become anticipatorily activated prior to search display onset. However, a direct neural signal for such preparatory template activation processes has so far remained elusive. Here, we introduce a new high‐definition rapid serial probe presentation paradigm (RSPP–HD), which facilitates high temporal resolution tracking of target template activation processes in real time via monitoring of the N2pc component. In the RSPP–HD procedure, task‐irrelevant probe displays are presented in rapid succession throughout the period between task‐relevant search displays. The probe and search displays are homologously formed by lateralized “clouds” of colored dots, yielding probes that occur at task‐relevant locations without confounding template‐guided and salience‐driven attentional shifts. Target color probes appearing at times when a corresponding target template is active should attract attention, thereby eliciting an N2pc. In a condition where new probe displays appeared every 50 ms, probe N2pcs were reliably elicited during the final 800 ms prior to search display onset, increasing in amplitude toward the end of this preparation period. Analogous temporal profiles were also observed with longer intervals between probes. These findings show that search template activation processes are transient and that their temporal profile can be reliably monitored at high‐sampling frequencies with the RSPP–HD paradigm. This procedure offers a new route to approach various questions regarding the content and temporal dynamics of attentional control processes.
Cabot rings in a cat with myeloproliferative disease
Authors: Fujimoto Mizuki , Takahashi Masashi , Hifumi Tatsuro , Yabuki Akira , Furusawa Yu , Hatai Hitoshi , Endo Yasuyuki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA 6‐year‐old spayed female Scottish Fold cat presented with lethargy and anorexia. A complete blood cell count indicated severe anemia and mild thrombocytopenia. Examination of peripheral blood smears revealed marked changes in the erythroid lineage, including the presence of basophilic stippling and Howell‐Jolly bodies as well as an increase in nucleated erythrocytes, polychromatophils, ovalocytes, and schistocytes. Additionally, some erythrocytes contained a ring or figure‐eight shaped structure known as a Cabot ring, which were especially observed in polychromatophilic erythrocytes. Hemolytic diseases (Mycoplasma infection and IMHA) were diagnostically excluded, and the cat was treated through prednisolone administration, whole blood transfusion, and administration of vitamins (K2 and B12); however, the anemia progressively worsened. Cabot rings were observed until Day 22 and subsequently disappeared as the number of nucleated RBCs increased, and the erythrocyte lineage shifted to immature population. On Day 42, peripheral blood examination revealed further left shifting and appearance of many rubriblasts. The patient died at home on Day 43. Necropsy revealed neoplastic cells infiltrating the bone marrow and other organs, which were immunopositive to CD71 which is an erythroid lineage marker. In humans, Cabot rings have been observed in megaloblastic anemia, lead poisoning, myelodysplastic syndrome, and myelofibrosis; further, they are thought to be related to stressed bone marrow and dyserythropoiesis. This is the first case report of a cat with Cabot rings, which are suggestive of defects in erythroid lineage production.
Classification of flat Lorentzian nilpotent Lie algebras
Authors: Bajo Ignacio , Benayadi Saïd , Lebzioui Hicham 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe give a complete classification of flat Lorentzian nilpotent Lie algebras, this is to say of pseudo‐Euclidean Lie algebras associated to nilpotent Lie groups endowed with a left‐invariant Lorentzian metric of vanishing curvature. We prove that every such a Lie algebra is a direct sum of an indecomposable flat Lorentzian Lie algebra and an abelian Euclidean summand and show that, if denotes the ‐dimensional Heisenberg Lie algebra, then the only non‐abelian Lie algebras admitting flat Lorentzian metrics which are indecomposable are and the semidirect products and , defined by some particular derivations . In all those cases we also find the equivalence classes of flat Lorentzian products.
Association between leucocyte telomere length and erectile dysfunction in US adults: a secondary study based on 2001–2002 NHANES data
Authors: Dilixiati Diliyaer , Kadier Kaisaierjiang , Laihaiti Duolikun , Lu Jian-De , Azhati Baihetiya , Rexiati Mulati 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the association between the leucocyte telomere length (LTL) and erectile dysfunction (ED) among a nationally representative sample of US adults.DesignSecondary population-based study.SettingThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2001–2002).ParticipantsA total of 1694 male participants were extracted from the NHANES database for 2001–2002.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary focus of the study was to determine the association between the LTL and ED, using multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models for examination. The secondary outcome measures involved conducting stratified subgroup analyses to exclude interactions of different variables with the LTL.ResultsParticipants with ED had shorter LTLs than those without ED (p<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with the reference lowest LTL quartile, the ORs and 95% CIs for the second, third and fourth LTL quartiles were (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.26), (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.24 to 2.58) and (OR 1.25; 95% CI 0.74 to 2.11), respectively. In addition, restricted cubic splines showed an inverted J-curve relationship between the LTL and ED. At an LTL of 1.037, the curve showed an inflection point. The ORs (95% CI) of ED on the left and right sides of the inflection point were (OR 1.99; 95% CI 0.39 to 10.20; p=0.385) and (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.90; p=0.039).ConclusionOur results demonstrated an inverted J-curve relationship between the LTL and ED. When the LTL was ≥1.037, the incidence of ED decreased with increasing LTL.
Experiences of physical and emotional intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of prepandemic and pandemic data in a longitudinal study of Australian mothers
Authors: FitzPatrick Kelly M , Brown Stephanie J , Hegarty Kelsey , Mensah Fiona K , Gartland Deirdre 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThere is a lack of longitudinal population-based research comparing women’s experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from the Mothers’ and Young People’s Study, the prevalence of physical and emotional IPV in the first year of the pandemic is compared with earlier waves of data.DesignA prospective pregnancy cohort of first-time mothers in Melbourne, Australia was followed up over the first decade of motherhood, with a quick response study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. 422 women completed the primary exposure measure (IPV; Composite Abuse Scale) in the 1st, 4th and 10th year postpartum and the additional pandemic survey (June 2020–April 2021).Outcome measuresDepressive symptoms; anxiety symptoms; IPV disclosure to a doctor, friends or family, or someone else.ResultsMaternal report of emotional IPV alone was higher during the pandemic (14.4%, 95% CI 11.4% to 18.2%) than in the 10th (9.5%, 95% CI 7.0% to 12.7%), 4th (9.2%, 95% CI 6.8% to 12.4%) and 1st year after the birth of their first child (5.9%, 95% CI 4.0% to 8.6%). Conversely, physical IPV was lowest during the pandemic (3.1%, 95% CI 1.8% to 5.0%). Of women experiencing IPV during the pandemic: 29.7% were reporting IPV for the first time, 52.7% reported concurrent depressive symptoms and just 6.8% had told their doctor.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the spike in IPV-related crime statistics following the onset of the pandemic (typically incidents of physical violence) is the tip of the iceberg for women’s IPV experiences. There is a need to increase the capacity of health practitioners to recognise emotional as well as physical IPV, and IPV ought to be considered where women present with mental health problems.
Mixed Methods EvAluation of the high-volume low-complexity Surgical hUb pRogrammE (MEASURE): a mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Scantlebury Arabella , Sivey Peter , Anteneh Zecharias , Ayres Ben , Bloor Karen , Castelli Adriana , Castro-Avila Ana Cristina , Davies Firoza , Davies Simon , Glerum-Brooks Karen , Gutacker Nils , Lampard Pete , Rangan Amar , Saad Ahmed , Street Andrew , Wen Jinglin , Adamson Joy 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThe waiting list for elective surgery in England recently reached over 7.8 million people and waiting time targets have been missed since 2010. The high-volume low complexity (HVLC) surgical hubs programme aims to tackle the backlog of patients awaiting elective surgery treatment in England. This study will evaluate the impact of HVLC surgical hubs on productivity, patient care and the workforce.Methods and analysisThis 4-year project consists of six interlinked work packages (WPs) and is informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.WP1: Mapping current and future HVLC provision in England through document analysis, quantitative data sets (eg, Hospital Episodes Statistics) and interviews with national service leaders.WP2: Exploring the effects of HVLC hubs on key performance outcomes, primarily the volume of low-complexity patients treated, using quasi-experimental methods.WP3: Exploring the impact and implementation of HVLC hubs on patients, health professionals and the local NHS through approximately nine longitudinal, multimethod qualitative case studies.WP4: Assessing the productivity of HVLC surgical hubs using the Centre for Health Economics NHS productivity measure and Lord Carter’s operational productivity measure.WP5: Conducting a mixed-methods appraisal will assess the influence of HVLC surgical hubs on the workforce using: qualitative data (WP3) and quantitative data (eg, National Health Service (NHS) England’s workforce statistics and intelligence from WP2).WP6: Analysing the costs and consequences of HVLC surgical hubs will assess their achievements in relation to their resource use to establish value for money. A patient and public involvement group will contribute to the study design and materials.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the East Midlands—Nottingham Research Ethics Committee 23/EM/0231. Participants will provide informed consent for qualitative study components. Dissemination plans include multiple academic and non-academic outputs (eg, Peer-reviewed journals, conferences, social media) and a continuous, feedback-loop of findings to key stakeholders (eg, NHS England) to influence policy development.Trial registrationResearch registry: Researchregistry9364 (https://www.researchregistry.com/browse-the-registry%23home/registrationdetails/64cb6c795cbef8002a46f115/).
Suboptimal peak inspiratory flow rate: a noticeable risk factor for inhaler concordance in patients with chronic airway diseases
Authors: Meng Weiwei , Xiong Ruoyan , Zhao Zhiqi , Zeng Huihui , Chen Yan 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundInhaler concordance and the peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) are important determinants of treatment effects in patients with chronic airway diseases. Adequate PIFR is required for driving aerosol medication into the lower respiratory tract. However, the relationship between them has not been discussed previously. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of inhaler concordance and PIFR in Chinese patients with chronic airway diseases and discuss the associated variables and the relationship between them.MethodsIn this single-centre, observational study, a total of 680 patients with chronic airway diseases were enrolled from July 2021 to April 2023. We collected data on the socio-demographic and clinical variables of inhaler concordance using the test of adherence to inhalers (TAI) and PIFR. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine variables related to inhaler concordance and PIFR.ResultsA total of 49.4% of patients had low concordance. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were more concordant than patients with asthma (mean TAI score: 43.60 vs 41.20; p<0.01), while there was no difference in concordance between the asthma-COPD overlap group and the asthma or COPD group. Suboptimal PIFR (adjusted OR, 1.61; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.51) increased the risk of poor concordance among all patients, while triple therapy (adjusted OR, 0.60; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.86) reduced the risk. A total of 54.9% of patients had suboptimal PIFR. Older age, lower educational level, use of dry powder inhalers and lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted were significantly correlated with insufficient PIFR. Subgroup analysis revealed a greater proportion of patients with insufficient PIFR during exacerbation than during the stable phase (61.7% vs 43.5%, p<0.001).ConclusionInhaler concordance was low, and suboptimal PIFR was a risk factor for poor concordance among Chinese patients with chronic airway diseases. In addition, current inhalation devices may not be suitable, and PIFR reassessment should be considered for patients with COPD during exacerbation.Trial registration numberThe study was registered in chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2100052527) on 31 October 2021.
Evaluating the Reach of a Patient Navigation Program for Follow-up Colonoscopy in a Large Federally Qualified Health Center
Authors: Gautom Priyanka , Rosales Ana G. , Petrik Amanda F. , Thompson Jamie H. , Slaughter Matthew T. , Mosso Leslie , Hussain Syed A. , Jimenez Ricardo , Coronado Gloria D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Patient navigation (PN) has been shown to improve participation in cancer screening, including colorectal cancer screening, and is now a recommended practice by the Community Preventive Services Task Force. Despite the effectiveness of PN programs, little is known about the number of contacts needed to successfully reach patients or about the demographic and healthcare utilization factors associated with reach. PRECISE was an individual randomized study of PN versus usual care conducted as a partnership between two large health systems in the Pacific Northwest. The navigation program was a six–topic area telephonic program designed to support patients with an abnormal fecal test result to obtain a follow-up colonoscopy. We report the number of contact attempts needed to successfully reach navigated patients. We used logistic regression to report the demographic and healthcare utilization characteristics associated with patients allocated to PN who were successfully reached. We identified 1,200 patients with an abnormal fecal immunochemical test result, of whom 970 were randomized into the study (45.7% were female, 17.5% were Spanish-speaking, and the mean age was 60.8 years). Of the 479 patients allocated to the PN intervention, 382 (79.7%) were reached within 18 call attempts, and nearly all (n = 356; 93.2%) were reached within six contact attempts. Patient characteristics associated with reach were race, county of residence, and body mass index. Our findings can guide future efforts to optimize the reach of PN programs.
Prevention Relevance: The findings from this large study can inform clinic-level implementation of future PN programs in Federally Qualified Health Centers to improve the reach of patients needing cancer screenings, optimize staff resources, and ultimately increase cancer screenings.
Ninety‐Day Stroke Recurrence in Minor Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Trials and Observational Studies
Authors: Lim Andy , Ma Henry , Johnston S. Claiborne , Singhal Shaloo , Muthusamy Subramanian , Wang Yongjun , Pan Yuesong , Coutts Shelagh B. , Hill Michael D. , Ois Angel , Kapral Moira K. , Knoflach Michael , Woodhouse Lisa J. , Bath Philip M. , Phan Thanh G. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Risk of recurrence after minor ischemic stroke is usually reported with transient ischemic attack. No previous meta‐analysis has focused on minor ischemic stroke alone. The objective was to evaluate the pooled proportion of 90‐day stroke recurrence for minor ischemic stroke, defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale severity score of ≤5.

Methods and Results

Published papers found on PubMed from 2000 to January 12, 2021, reference lists of relevant articles, and experts in the field were involved in identifying relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies describing minor stroke cohort with reported 90‐day stroke recurrence were selected by 2 independent reviewers. Altogether 14 of 432 (3.2%) studies met inclusion criteria. Multilevel random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed. A total of 6 randomized controlled trials and 8 observational studies totaling 45 462 patients were included. The pooled 90‐day stroke recurrence was 8.6% (95% CI, 6.5–10.7), reducing by 0.60% (95% CI, 0.09–1.1;
P
=0.02) with each subsequent year of publication. Recurrence was lowest in dual antiplatelet trial arms (6.3%, 95% CI, 4.5–8.0) when compared with non‐dual antiplatelet trial arms (7.2%, 95% CI, 4.7–9.6) and observational studies 10.6% (95% CI, 7.0–14.2). Age, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, or known atrial fibrillation had no significant association with outcome. Defining minor stroke with a lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale threshold made no difference – score ≤3: 8.6% (95% CI, 6.0–11.1), score ≤4: 8.4% (95% CI, 6.1–10.6), as did excluding studies with n<500%–7.3% (95% CI, 5.5–9.0).

Conclusions
The risk of recurrence after minor ischemic stroke is declining over time but remains important.
Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-Triol Inhibits Acid-Sensing Ion Channels and Reduces Acidosis-Mediated Ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Sun Huawei , Yang Tao , Simon Roger , Xiong Zhi-Gang , Leng Tiandong 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Activation of the acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) by tissue acidosis, a common feature of brain ischemia, contributes to ischemic brain injury, while blockade of ASICs results in protection. Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (Triol), a major cholesterol metabolite, has been demonstrated as an endogenous neuroprotectant; however, the mechanism underlying its neuroprotective activity remains elusive. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of ASICs is a potential mechanism.

METHODS:
The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to examine the effect of Triol on ASICs heterogeneously expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and ASICs endogenously expressed in primary cultured mouse cortical neurons. Acid-induced injury of cultured mouse cortical neurons and middle cerebral artery occlusion–induced ischemic brain injury in wild-type and ASIC1 and ASIC2 knockout mice were studied to examine the protective effect of Triol.

RESULTS:
Triol inhibits ASICs in a subunit-dependent manner. In Chinese hamster ovary cells, it inhibits homomeric ASIC1a and ASIC3 without affecting ASIC1β and ASIC2a. In cultured mouse cortical neurons, it inhibits homomeric ASIC1a and heteromeric ASIC1a–containing channels. The inhibition is use-dependent but voltage- and pH-independent. Structure-activity relationship analysis suggests that hydroxyls at the 5 and 6 positions of the A/B ring are critical functional groups. Triol alleviates acidosis-mediated injury of cultured mouse cortical neurons and protects against middle cerebral artery occlusion–induced brain injury in an ASIC1a-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study identifies Triol as a novel ASIC inhibitor, which may serve as a new pharmacological tool for studying ASICs and may also be developed as a potential drug for treating stroke.