bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An outcome evaluation study of a psycho‐educational course in a primary care setting
Authors: Davis Debi , Corrin-Pendry Stephanie , Savill Mark , Doherty Charlotte 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRationale: To date relatively little research has examined the effectiveness of psycho‐educational courses provided in a primary care setting to adults with mild‐to‐moderate mental health concerns. Aims: To determine whether group psycho‐education could be a viable alternative to individual counselling by (1) assessing the clinical effectiveness of an 8‐week psycho‐educational course, and (2) examining the group outcomes in comparison with individual treatment outcomes from a previous study in the same counselling service. Method: A total of 57 participants attending a psycho‐educational course provided data over a 36‐month period, using the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM) pre‐ and post‐intervention. A comparison was then made with the data of 58 previous participants of individual counselling evaluation, using the same CORE‐OM system. Results: Participants reported significantly lower levels of psychological distress after attending the course and these results are comparable to outcomes measured in the same service for individual counselling, indicating that group interventions could be considered a legitimate alternative to individual counselling, thus increasing cost effectiveness and reducing waiting times. Limitations of the study and implications for practice and further investigation are considered.
Using the Delphi Technique: Experience from the world of counselling and psychotherapy
Authors: West Angela 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground: Delphi studies have been popular in the health and social care domain for some time, particularly within nursing. They are used to elicit views and opinions from experts in the field on specific topics, without the need for face‐to‐face interviews. Focus: This paper brings Delphi methodology to the attention of potential researchers in the counselling and psychotherapy field, who may not have previously considered Delphi methodology, describing the researcher's experience of using a Delphi study through the media of electronic mail, and incorporating participant feedback. Aims: To discuss the advantages and disadvantages, as well as the complexities and limitations of the Delphi methodology. I will outline previous recommendations from Delphi researchers and offer further suggestions based on my experience of completing a Delphi study.
Intragastric pH monitoring in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the effect of intravenous cimetidine and ranitidine
Authors: REYNOLDS J. R. , WALT R. P. , CLARK A. G. , HARDCASTLE J. D. , LANGMAN M. J. S. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIntragastric pH was measured continuously from 1800 to 1200 hours the following day in 22 duodenal ulcer patients and in eight gastric ulcer patients, all of whom had been admitted as emergencies with acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. The effects of intravenous cimetidine or ranitidine were compared with no treatment. In patients with duodenal ulcer, median intragastric pH was 1.8 (range 1.0–4.9) in the group receiving no treatment. In the cimetidine group (400 mg, 6‐hourly, n= 8) median pH was 4.7 (range 1.5–7.7) and after ranitidine (50 mg, 6‐hourly, n= 10) it was 3.8 (range 1.2–7.8). The pH remained above 4.0 for 67% of the recording time with cimetidine, 47% with ranitidine and for only 3% with placebo. Intragastric pH in gastric ulcer patients without treatment was higher (median 3.4, range 1.0–6.9) than in duodenal ulcer patients with treatment. Both H2 antagonists raised intragastric pH in patients with gastric ulcer and maintained a gastric pH of > 4.0 for at least 50% of the time. Presently recommended i.v. doses of cimetidine and ranitidine do not consistently maintain gastric pH above 4.0 for long periods in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding.
Omeprazole in peptic ulcers resistant to histamine H2‐receptor antagonists
Authors: TYTGAT G. N. J. , LAMERS C. B. H. W. , HAMEETEMAN W. , JANSEN J. M. B. J. , WILSON J. A. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYEighteen patients with duodenal, gastric or jejunal ulcers, resistant to at least 3 months treatment with histamine H2‐receptor antagonists, singly or in combination with other anti‐ulcer drugs, were treated with 40 mg omeprazole once daily for up to 8 weeks. All ulcers healed, the majority within two weeks. After ulcer healing patients were given maintenance therapy with high doses of cimetidine or ranitidine. Of 15 patients on maintenance therapy with H2‐receptor antagonists, 12 (80%) developed a relapse after a period ranging from 3 to 52 weeks. Two patients were lost to follow‐up. After re‐healing on 40 mg omeprazole, two patients were given 20 mg omeprazole daily as maintenance therapy but relapses occurred again after 14 and 26 weeks respectively. After re‐healing on 40 mg omeprazole, these two patients and one additional patient received maintenance therapy with 40 mg omeprazole daily. At present these three patients have been relapse‐free for periods varying from 16 to 52 weeks. No side effects were registered during treatment with omeprazole. It is therefore concluded that omeprazole is highly effective in healing refractory peptic ulcers and that omeprazole maintenance therapy may be useful for prevention of relapse.
Cyclosporin for Crohn's disease
Authors: ALLISON M. G , POUNDER R. E. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYEight patients with active uncomplicated Crohn's disease, who were resistant to or intolerant of conventional treatment, were treated for 6 weeks with oral cyclosporin (mean dose 8.2 mg kg−1 day−1). Seven of the eight patients responded to treatment with cyclosporin by symptomatic improvement, weight gain and a return of serum C‐reactive protein concentration towards normal. All patients relapsed on stopping cyclosporin. No serious side‐effects were encountered. This favourable early experience justifies further trials using cyclosporin for active Crohn's disease.
The effects of cigarette smoking on plasma concentrations of gastric antisecretory drugs
Authors: BOYD E. J. S. , JOHNSTON D. A. , WORMSLEY K. G. , JENNER W. N. , SALANSON X. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYPlasma concentrations of cimetidine and ranitidine were measured after oral administration (n= 5 for cimetidine, n= 5 for ranitidine) or intravenous administration (n= 6 for cimetidine, n= 4 for ranitidine) in habitual smokers, once when cigarettes were smoked and again on a separate day when cigarettes were prohibited. After oral administration plasma concentrations of both drugs rose more rapidly and peak plasma concentrations were achieved earlier when cigarettes were smoked. However, plasma concentrations of the drugs subsequent to the peak were significantly lower when cigarettes were smoked. Cigarette smoking had no effect on plasma blood concentrations of either drug when administered intravenously. In eight healthy smokers cigarette smoking increased the gastric emptying of a liquid test meal by 28% compared with non‐smoking control rates. In habitual smokers cigarette smoking alters the blood concentrations of antisecretory drugs in a manner which appears attributable to an increase in the rate of gastric emptying. The observed changes in drug disposition may contribute to the loss of gastric secretory inhibition observed in duodenal ulcer patients who are smokers.
Acid secretory capacity and plasma gastrin concentration after administration of omeprazole to normal subjects
Authors: SHARMA B. , AXELSON M. , POUNDER R. P. , LUNDBORG P. , ÖHMAN M. , SANTANA A. , TALBOT M. , CEDERBERG C. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn a randomized double‐blind study, two groups of eight healthy volunteers received either placebo or omeprazole 40 mg o.m. for 14 days. Fasting plasma gastrin concentration and peak acid output in response to a maximal intravenous dose of pentagastrin were measured before, during and after the 14 days of treatment. Omeprazole caused a 68% (mean) decrease in the peak acid output when measured 24 hours after the last dose, with a simultaneous increase in the fasting plasma gastrin concentration. When measured 1, 2, 3 and 8 weeks after cessation of treatment, there was no significant difference in the peak acid output between the two groups. The study demonstrates that there is no increase in the acid production capacity after 2 weeks of treatment with omeprazole. Thus it would appear that the rise in the plasma gastrin concentration during short‐term treatment with omeprazole does not induce parietal cell hypertrophy or hyperplasia.
SMS 201–995 treatment and advanced intestinal cancer: a pilot study
Authors: SAVAGE A. P. , CALAM J. , WOOD C. B. , BLOOM S. R. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe hypothesis that somatostatin, a compound with antitrophic effects on the gastrointestinal tract, may affect beneficially the progression of advanced intestinal cancer has been tested in a small pilot study. Ten patients, four with advanced pancreatic cancer, four with advanced colorectal cancer and two with gastric cancer, were treated with a long‐acting analogue of somatostatin, SMS 201–995, 50, 100 μg subcutaneously twice daily. There were no clinical, radiological or biochemical indicators of a response to this treatment. There are no indications from this study that hormonal manipulation alters the rate of growth of advanced gastrointestinal cancer.
Comparison of calcium channel blocking agents and an anticholinergic agent on oesophageal function
Authors: ALLEN M. , MELLOW M. , ROBINSON M. G. , ORR W. C. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe effects of oral doses of three calcium blockers and an anticholinergic drug on oesophageal function were compared. Nifedipine (20 mg) and hyoscyamine (0.25 mg) significantly reduced lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and oesophageal contractile pressure. Verapamil (120 mg) and diltiazem (60 mg) had no significant effect on any of the oesophageal variables measured. Oesophageal transit time and oesophageal contractile duration were not affected significantly by any of the agents. Only hyoscyamine significantly prolonged acid clearance time. The combination of nifedipine and hyoscyamine was no more effective in decreasing LES pressure or oesophageal contractile pressure than either agent alone. Either nifedipine or hyoscyamine would appear to be potentially effective for the treatment of oesophago‐spastic and other hypertensive motor disorders, but hyoscyamine may lead to prolongation of acid clearance from the oesophagus.
Twenty‐four‐hour intragastric acidity and clinical trial of bedtime enprostil 70 μg compared with ranitidine 300 mg in duodenal ulcer
Authors: WALT R. P. , POUNDER R. E. , HAWKEY C. J. , SANTANA I. A. , SOMERVILLE K. W. , LOGAN R. F. A. , LONG R. G. , LANGMAN M. J. S. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe effects of bedtime 70 μg and twice daily 35 μg doses of enprostil on 24‐hour intragastric acidity were investigated in nine duodenal ulcer patients in remission. Median nocturnal acidity decreased significantly by 30% with 35 μg twice daily, and by 48% with 70 μg at bedtime. In a clinical trial using bedtime dosing, 102 duodenal ulcer patients randomly received either ranitidine 300 mg or enprostil 70 μg. More ulcers healed after 4 and 8 weeks treatment with ranitidine than with enprostil (76% ranitidine vs 52% enprostil, at 4 weeks p= 0.0065 and 94%vs 68%, respectively at 8 weeks, P= 0.0007). However, 6 months after cessation of treatment there was no material difference in overall outcome. Despite combining mucosal protection with acid inhibition enprostil treatment conferred no advantage over simple acid inhibition.
Adverse reactions to sulphasalazine and 5‐amino salicylic acid in the same patient
Authors: BURKE D. A. , MANNING A. P. , WILLIAMSON J. M. S. , AXON A. T. R. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe report a patient who developed sulphasalazine‐related hepatitis with a subsequent adverse reaction to rectal 5‐amino salicylic acid, in the form of pain and fever without associated liver dysfunction, suggesting reactions to both components of sulphasalazine. Included is a review of the literature. Caution should be observed when prescribing 5‐amino salicylic acid to sulphasalazine‐intolerant patients.
Human lymphoblastoid interferon does not increase survival when added to mitozantrone in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: BROOK M. G. , DUNK A. A. , McDONALD J. A. , LEVER A. M. L. , GOH C. , THOMAS H. C. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYHuman lymphoblastoid interferon, in an initial dose of 2.5 MU m−2 weekly i.m., was given with mitozantrone 12 mg m−2 i.v. every 3 weeks to 15 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The survival curve for these patients was worse than that of 15 patients previously treated with mitozantrone alone; there were more long‐term survivors in those not given interferon; more side‐effects were seen in the group given interferon. The addition of interferon to mitozantrone in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma is not recommended.
The impact of H2‐receptor antagonists on the complications, morbidity and mortality of peptic ulcer disease
Authors: ISENBERG J. I. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe epidemiology and character of peptic ulcer has changed over the last 20 years, with only some of the change being due to the introduction of H2‐receptor antagonists in the mid‐1970s. There is evidence that duodenal ulcer was declining before this change in therapeutics. H2‐receptor antagonists have, however, greatly reduced the morbidity and the time off work due to peptic ulcer disease. There is no strong evidence, however, that mortality due to peptic ulcer disease, which was already relatively small, has been reduced. The incidence of complications such as gastric haemorrhage, perforation and obstruction, may have increased in elderly patients. This may be associated with independent variables, such as increased use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.
The effects of roxatidine acetate (HOE‐760) on 24‐hour intragastric acidity in healthy volunteers: comparison with ranitidine and placebo
Authors: MERKI H. S. , WITZEL L. , KAUFMANN D. , KEMPF M. , MÜSSIG V. , NEUMANN J. , SCHEURLE E. , RÖHMEL J. , WALT R. P. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn a series of double‐blind randomized studies in normal volunteers using continuous intragastric pH monitoring, the effects of different dosage regimens of roxatidine, a new H2‐receptor antagonist, were compared with placebo and ranitidine. Roxatidine acetate, 75 mg twice daily, decreased median 24 h gastric acidity from pH 1.6 to 3.2 and median nocturnal acidity from 1.5 to 3.0. Roxatidine acetate, 150 mg at bedtime, raised median 24 pH of the same 17 subjects to 2.4 and nocturnal pH to 5.9. In another series of experiments, 150 mg roxatidine acetate at bedtime was as effective as ranitidine 300 mg nocte raising median nocturnal pH (14 volunteers) from 1.4 to 6.65 compared to 6.7, respectively. However, when drugs were taken after the evening meal (post cenam nocte, pcn) roxatidine acetate 150 mg was less potent than ranitidine 300 mg with median night‐time pH rising from 1.3 to 3.2 and 4.0, respectively, in 28 volunteers. Roxatidine acetate 300 mg pcn raised the pH to 4.9 suggesting that roxatidine is 1–2 times as potent as ranitidine, on a milligram‐for‐milligram basis.
The effects of propranolol on hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension
Authors: DUNK A. A. , MOORE J. , SYMON A. , DICKIE A. , SINCLAIR T. S. , MOWAT N. A. G. , BRUNT P. W. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYBeta adrenoreceptor blocking drugs have been used for the prevention of haemorrhage from oesophageal varices. However, it is possible that these agents, by virtue of their effects on hepatic blood flow, may impair liver function and precipitate hepatic encephalopathy. We have therefore studied the effect of the beta blocking drug propranolol on hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to receive 4 weeks treatment with propranolol or an identical‐looking placebo, the former given in a dose sufficient to reduce resting pulse rate by ≥ 25%. Before and after treatment patients were assessed for the severity of liver disease and the presence of encephalopathy. EEG mean cycle frequency and fasting arterial ammonia concentrations were also measured, and in order to detect latent hepatic encephalopathy, each patient underwent a battery of psychometric tests. Patients were blinded as to their treatment, as were those assessing their responses. Neither propranolol nor placebo had any significant effect on the parameters measured. On propranolol median EEG mean cycle frequency fell from 9.08 ct s−1 (range 8.63–11.0 ct s−1) to 8.73 ct s−1 (range 8.27–11.44 ct s−1), and median fasting arterial ammonia concentration fell from 66 μmol litre−1 (range 40–329 μmol litre−1) to 49 μmol litre−1 (range 37–188 μmol litre−1). Psychometric test values, while initially abnormal and suggestive of latent hepatic encephalopathy in the majority of patients, did not change significantly during the study.
A comparison of the effects of treatment with either famotidine 40 mg or cimetidine 800 mg nocte on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin
Authors: FULLARTON G. M. , LAFERLA G. , CREAN G. P. , McCOLL K. E. L. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe effects on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin of 4 weeks treatment with famotidine 40 mg nocte or cimetidine 800 mg nocte (at 2200 h) were studied in 16 patients with previous duodenal ulcer. Patients were studied before commencing therapy, on days 5, 12 and 26 of treatment, and on days 3, 10 and 24 after completion of therapy. In contrast to cimetidine, basal and pentagastrin‐stimulated gastric acid secretion measured 12 h after dosing was significantly inhibited during treatment with famotidine. In addition, with famotidine there was inhibition of stimulated gastric acid secretion at 3 and 24 days after completion of treatment. Fasting serum gastrin measured 12 h after dosing was not significantly altered by either drug.
The effect of dietary fatty acids on the gastric production of prostaglandins and aspirininduced injury
Authors: PRICHARD P. , BROWN G. , BHASKAR N. , HAWKEY C. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe have investigated in man the effect of dietary supplementation with evening primrose oil (linoleic acid 72%, gamma‐linolenic acid 9%) on gastric immunoreactive PGE2 release and aspirin‐induced mucosal injury. Twenty healthy volunteers received in a randomized crossover evening primrose oil (2 g b.d.) and olive oil (control) for 2 weeks each. During the last 48 hours of each period, five doses of aspirin 900 mg were taken. In gastric washings on day 7, evening primrose oil had enhanced immunoreactive PGE2 release from a mean of 38 ng/30 min (olive oil) to 80 ng/30 min (P < 0.05). This, however, was not able to protect against aspirin‐induced gastric blood loss which rose from a mean (95% confidence limits) of 1.3 (0.7–2.1) μl 10 min—1 (evening primrose oil day 7) to 9.4 (5.4–16.5) μl 10 min—1 (day 14). Although not effective against aspirin, similar dietary supplementation might assist in preventing peptic ulcer recurrence.
The effects of omeprazole and ranitidine on 24‐hour pH in the distal oesophagus of patients with reflux oesophagitis
Authors: KLINKENBERG‐KNOL E. C. , FESTEN H. P. M. , MEUWISSEN S. G. M. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYAmbulatory 24‐h pH monitoring in the distal oesophagus was performed in seven patients with erosive or ulcerative reflux oesophagitis to compare the effects of omeprazole and ranitidine in the management of gastro—oesophageal reflux disease. In a double‐blind, crossover study patients were treated with either 60 mg o.m. omeprazole or 150 mg b.d. ranitidine. The pH measurements were performed before treatment and on the fourteenth day of treatment with either regimen. The total acid exposure time (percentage total time pH < 4) was abnormal in six out of seven patients before treatment. During treatment with omeprazole the acid exposure time of five patients was normal in comparison with only two patients during ranitidine therapy. However, even with a rather high dose of omeprazole, pathological gastro‐oesophageal reflux may still occur.
The cost‐effectiveness of maintenance therapy for duodenal ulceration with an H2‐antagonist
Authors: FOX N. , MORTON R. E. , JACOBS J. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYData from several sources are used to quantify the expected direct medical costs of a recently healed duodenal ulcer patient prescribed an H2‐antagonist (famotidine) for a 6‐month period. These costs are compared to the expected direct medical costs associated with not using maintenance therapy.Our results indicate that the estimated direct cost of patients prescribed a 6‐month regimen of an H2‐antagonist (famotidine) is 30.3% lower than patients who receive no H2‐antagonist therapy. Most of the savings result from a reduced risk of hospitalization and surgery. The results of the sensitivity analysis of four varying scenarios indicate that H2‐antagonist maintenance therapy remains less costly even when the assumptions underlying the model are varied enormously. We conclude that the decision to withhold maintenance therapy with H2‐antagonists should not be based on economics.
Involvement of M1 cholinergic receptors and enteric nerves in the spasmogenic activity of bacterial N‐formyl oligopeptides on guinea‐pig ileum
Authors: HOBSON C. H. , BROOM M. F. , FERRY D. , GRINDLEY R. , CHADWICK V. S. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYBacterial N‐formyl‐methionyl oligopeptides are spasmogenic for guineapig ileum in vitro but the mechanism of this effect is not understood. To investigate this phenomenon further, we have determined pA2 values (the negative logarithm of the concentration of an antagonist reducing a double‐dose agonist response to a single‐dose response) for a number of potential antagonists of N‐formyl‐met‐leu‐phe (F‐met‐leu‐phe) using histamine, acetylcholine, 5HT and substance P as control agonists. Atropine, pirenzepine and tetrodotoxin were potent inhibitors of F‐met‐leu‐phe induced contraction (pA2's 8.4, 8.0 and 7.9, respectively) suggesting involvement of neural and cholinergic pathways in the response. Sulphasalazine, known to block the F‐met‐leu‐phe receptor on neutrophil leucocytes, was also a potent inhibitor. Tachyphylaxis induced by either 5HT, or substance P, did not diminish the response to F‐met‐leu‐phe, suggesting that these potential mediators were not involved. These studies indicate that bacterially synthesized formyl—methionyl oligopeptides bind to cells bearing receptors in guinea‐pig ileum and produce muscle contraction via enteric cholinergic (M1) neural pathways.
Theophylline disposition—effects of cimetidine, mebendazole and albendazole
Authors: ADEBAYO G. I. , MABADEJE A. F. B. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYOn the basis of the report that benzimidazoles bind to and inhibit the hepatic cytochrome P‐450 enzyme system, the effect of mebendazole and albendazole on theophylline disposition was studied in 12 volunteers. Mebendazole at a dose of 100 mg b.d. for 3 days did not significantly alter the theophylline half‐life, volume of distribution or clearance in a group of six. In another group of six adult volunteers, albendazole (400 mg) pretreatment did not alter the same parameters. However, in this second group, pretreatment with cimetidine (400 mg t.d.s. for 5 days) significantly increased theophylline half life from 7.7 to 9.8 ± 1.5 h (P < 0.001) and reduced its clearance from 0.8 to 0.60 ± 0.1 ml min−1 kg−1 (P < 0.005). The volume of distribution was not altered significantly.It is concluded that at therapeutic doses it is unlikely that mebendazole or albendazole will induce theophylline toxicity if co‐administered with the bronchodilator. Cimetidine‐induced impairment of theophylline metabolism is such that toxicity will be more likely in individuals with initial high theophylline clearance.