bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking Inside the Black Box: Using Intervention Mapping to Describe the Development of the Automated Smoking Cessation Intervention ‘Happy Ending’
Authors: Brendryen Håvar , Kraft Pål , Schaalma Herman 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe digital therapy intervention for smoking cessation, ‘Happy Ending’, has been shown to be efficacious in two previous randomised controlled trials. The aim of the current article is to disentangle the rationale of the intervention and describe its development. For this purpose, Intervention Mapping is used as a descriptive tool. The intervention is fully automated and delivered by means of the Internet and mobile phones. It is based on self-regulation theory, social cognitive theory, cognitive–behaviour therapy, motivational interviewing and relapse prevention. The ordering of the content is based on a reasoned chronology, modelled according to psychological processes that people experience at certain time points in a process of therapy-supported self-regulation. The design of the intervention is innovative in that it combines four media channels (SMS, IVR, e-mail, and web), and in the combination of just-in-time therapy and a tunnelling strategy based on the natural chronology of quitting. The two forms of just-in-time therapy are a craving helpline (mainly targeting negative affect), and the provision of relapse therapy based on a daily assessment of the target behaviour. The present article meets the recent calls for more thorough descriptions of interventions, and may inform systematic reviews and the development of interventions.
Surface Observation of Thin Hydroxyapatite-Coated Implants at 80 Months After Insertion
Authors: Sugiyama Tetsuya , Miake Yasuo , Yajima Yasutomo , Yamamoto Kohji , Sakurai Kaoru 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe observed surfaces and cross sections of thin hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implants produced by the thermal decomposition method in a patient attending our clinic who underwent implant removal at 80 months due to fracture of the implants. On the implant surfaces of the removed sample, most of the HA had dissolved, and extensive osseointegration was observed where Ti had closely bonded to bone. This indicated that the HA coated on the implant surfaces had disappeared and osseointegration had been established where Ti directly bonded to the bone. In addition, calcium titanate (CaTiO3) and HA layers formed by the thermal decomposition method showed no desorption. The results clearly indicate the positive clinical potential of thin HA-coating by the thermal decomposition method.
Interactions Among Related Genes of Renin-Angiotensin System Associated With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yang Jin-Kui , Zhou Jian-Bo , Xin Zhong , Zhao Lei , Yu Mei , Feng Jian-Ping , Yang Hui , Ma Ya-Hong 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE
To explore the association between epistasis among related genes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Gene polymorphisms were genotyped in 394 type 2 diabetic patients and 418 healthy control subjects in this case-control study. We used the multifactor dimensionality reduction method to identify gene-gene interactions.

RESULTS
No single locus was associated with type 2 diabetes, except for the insert/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene in female subjects. In multi-locus analyses, in male subjects the model of rs2106809 (ACE2), rs220721 (Mas), rs699 (AGT), and I/D (ACE) was significant (P = 0.043). This combination was associated with a 4.00 times (95% CI 2.51–6.38; P &lt; 0.0001) greater prevalence of type 2 diabetes. In female subjects, the model of rs2106809 (ACE2), I/D (ACE), and rs1403543 (AGTR2) was significant (P = 0.012). This three-locus combination was associated with a 2.76 times (1.91–3.97; P &lt; 0.0001) greater prevalence of type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Interactions among RAS-related genes were associated with type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population.
Kinematic motion analysis of the joints of the forelimbs and hind limbs of dogs during walking exercise regimens
Authors: Holler Peter J. , Brazda Verena , Dal-Bianco Barbara , Lewy Elisabeth , Mueller Marion C. , Peham Christian , Bockstahler Barbara A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Objective—To assess forelimbs and hind limb joint kinematics in dogs during walking on an inclined slope (uphill), on a declined slope (downhill), or over low obstacles (cavaletti) on a horizontal surface and compare findings with data acquired during unimpeded walking on a horizontal surface.
Animals—8 nonlame dogs (mean ± SD age, 3.4 ± 2.0 years; weight, 23.6 ± 4.6 kg).
Procedures—By use of 10 high-speed cameras and 10 reflecting markers located on the left forelimbs and hind limbs, joint kinematics were recorded for each dog during uphill walking, downhill walking, and walking over low obstacles or unimpeded on a horizontal surface. Each exercise was recorded 6 times (10 s/cycle); joint angulations, angle velocities and accelerations, and range of motion for shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joints were calculated for comparison.
Results—Compared with unimpeded walking, obstacle exercise significantly increased flexion of the elbow, carpal, stifle, and tarsal joints and extension in the carpal and stifle joints. Only uphill walking caused increased hip joint flexion and decreased stifle joint flexion; downhill walking caused less flexion of the hip joint. During obstacle exercise, forward angle velocities in the elbow and stifle joints and retrograde velocity in the tarsal joint changed significantly, compared with unimpeded walking. Joint angle acceleration of the elbow joint changed significantly during all 3 evaluated exercises.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These evidence-based data indicated that each evaluated exercise, except for downhill walking, has a specific therapeutic value in physical therapy for dogs.
Associations of horse age, joint type, and osteochondral injury with serum and synovial fluid concentrations of type II collagen biomarkers in Thoroughbreds
Authors: Nicholson Anne M. , Trumble Troy N. , Merritt Kelly A. , Brown Murray P. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of horse age, osteochondral injury, and joint type on a synthesis biomarker and 3 degradative biomarkers of type II collagen in Thoroughbreds.
Animals—Healthy rested adult (3- to 12-year-old) Thoroughbreds (n = 19), yearling (1- to 2-year-old) Thoroughbreds (40), and Thoroughbred racehorses (2 to 7 years old) undergoing arthroscopic surgery for removal of osteochondral fragments that resulted from training or racing (41).
Procedures—Samples of blood and metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, or carpal joint synovial fluid (SF) were collected from all horses. Commercially available assays were used to analyze SF and serum concentrations of type II collagen biomarkers of synthesis (carboxy propeptide of type II collagen [CPII]) and degradation (cross-linked C-telopeptide fragments of type II collagen [CTX II], neoepitope generated by collagenase cleavage of type I and II collagen [C1,2C], and neoepitope generated by collagenase cleavage of type II collagen [C2C]).
Results—Osteochondral injury affected concentrations of CPII, CTX II, C1,2C, and C2C in SF, serum, or both, compared with concentrations in healthy adult horses. Compared with adult horses, yearling horses had increased SF or serum concentrations of degradative biomarkers (CTX II, C1,2C, and C2C). Concentrations were higher in carpal than metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joints for all biomarkers in osteochondral-injured horses. Variable differences in SF concentrations between joint types were detected in healthy adult and yearling horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Horse age, osteochondral injury, and joint type all significantly affected type II collagen biomarker concentrations in SF and serum of Thoroughbreds.
Comparison of Doppler ultrasonography and high-definition oscillometry for blood pressure measurements in healthy awake dogs
Authors: Chetboul Valérie , Tissier Renaud , Gouni Vassiliki , de Almeida Virginie , Lefebvre Hervé P. , Concordet Didier , Jamet Nathalie , Sampedrano Carolina Carlos , Serres François , Pouchelon Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the intra- and interobserver variability of systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) measurements obtained with 2 indirect methods in awake dogs and percentage of successful measurements.
Animals—6 healthy conscious adult dogs.
Procedures—4 observers with different levels of training measured SAP and DAP on 4 days by use of Doppler ultrasonography (DU) and high-definition oscillometry (HDO). The examinations were randomized. Measurements for each technique were recorded 5 consecutive times, and mean values (total, 720 measurements) were used for statistical analysis.
Results—All within- and between-day coefficients of variation (CVs) for SAP were < 15% irrespective of the observer or method (HDO, 3.6% to 14.1%; DU, 4.1% to 12.4%). Conversely, half the CVs for DAP were > 15% with the highest within- and between-day CVs obtained by the least experienced observer by use of DU (19.5% and 25.9%, respectively). All attempts with HDO were successful, whereas DAP could not be measured by use of DU by the least experienced observer in 17% of attempts.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—SAP may be assessed in healthy dogs by use of DU and HDO with good repeatability and reproducibility after a short period of training. Conversely, the variability of DAP is higher and longer training is required to assess DAP via DU than via HDO.
Evaluation of 30- and 25-diopter intraocular lens implants in equine eyes after surgical extraction of the lens
Authors: McMullen Richard J. , Davidson Michael G. , Campbell Nigel B. , Salmon Jacklyn H. , Gilger Brian C. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine appropriate intraocular lens (IOL) implant strength to approximate emmetropia in horses.
Sample Population—16 enucleated globes and 4 adult horses.
Procedures—Lens diameter of 10 enucleated globes was measured. Results were used to determine the appropriate-sized IOL implant for insertion in 6 enucleated globes and 4 eyes of adult horses. Streak retinoscopy and ocular ultrasonography were performed before and after insertion of 30-diopter (D) IOL implants (enucleated globes) and insertion of 25-D IOL implants (adult horses).
Results—In enucleated globes, mean ± SD lens diameter was 20.14 ± 0.75 mm. Preoperative and postoperative refractive state of enucleated globes with 30-D IOL implants was −0.46 ± 1.03 D and −2.47 ± 1.03 D, respectively; preoperative and postoperative difference in refraction was 2.96 ± 0.84 D. Preoperative anterior chamber (AC) depth, crystalline lens thickness (CLT), and axial globe length (AxL) were 712 ± 0.82 mm, 11.32 ± 0.81 mm, and 40.52 ± 1.26 mm, respectively; postoperative AC depth was 10.76 ± 1.16 mm. Mean ratio of preoperative to postoperative AC depth was 0.68. In eyes receiving 25-D IOL implants, preoperative and postoperative mean refractive error was 0.08 ± 0.68 D and −3.94 ± 1.88 D, respectively. Preoperative AC depth, CLT, and AxL were 6.36 ± 0.22 mm, 10.92 ± 1.92 mm, and 38.64 ± 2.59 mm, respectively. Postoperative AC depth was 8.99 ± 1.68 mm. Mean ratio of preoperative to postoperative AC depth was 0.73.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Insertion of 30-D (enucleated globes) and 25-D IOL implants (adult horses) resulted in overcorrection of refractive error.
Pharmacokinetics of gabapentin in cats
Authors: Siao Kristine T. , Pypendop Bruno H. , Ilkiw Jan E. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of gabapentin in cats after IV and oral administration.
Animals—6 healthy female adult domestic shorthair cats.
Procedures—Gabapentin was administered IV (4 mg/kg) or orally (10 mg/kg) in a crossover randomized design. Blood samples were obtained immediately before gabapentin administration and at various times up to 960 minutes after IV administration or up to 1,440 minutes after oral administration. Blood samples were immediately transferred to tubes that contained EDTA and were centrifuged at 4°C. Plasma was harvested and stored at −20°C until analysis. Plasma concentrations of gabapentin were determined by use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Gabapentin concentration-time data were fit to compartment models.
Results—A 3-compartment model with elimination from the central compartment best described the disposition of gabapentin administered IV to cats, but a 1-compartment model best described the disposition of gabapentin administered orally to cats. After IV administration, the mean ± SEM apparent volume of the central compartment, apparent volume of distribution at steady state, and clearance and the harmonic mean ± jackknife pseudo-SD for terminal half-life were 90.4 ± 11.3 mL/kg, 650 ± 14 mL/kg, 3 ± 0.2 mL/min/kg, and 170 ± 21 minutes, respectively. Mean ± SD systemic availability and harmonic mean ± jackknife pseudo-SD terminal half-life after oral administration were 88.7 ± 11.1% and 177 ± 25 minutes, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The disposition of gabapentin in cats was characterized by a small volume of distribution and a low clearance.
Determination of the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to macrolide antimicrobials or rifampin in Rhodococcus equi isolates and treatment outcome in foals infected with antimicrobial-resistant isolates of R equi
Authors: Giguère Steeve , Lee Elise , Williams Elliott , Cohen Noah D. , Chaffin M. Keith , Halbert Natalie , Martens Ronald J. , Franklin Robert P. , Clark Carol C. , Slovis Nathan M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to macrolide antimicrobials or rifampin in Rhodococcus equi isolates and to describe treatment outcome in foals infected with antimicrobial-resistant isolates of R equi.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Sample Population—38 isolates classified as resistant to macrolide antimicrobials or rifampin received from 9 veterinary diagnostic laboratories between January 1997 and December 2008.
Procedures—For each isolate, the minimum inhibitory concentration of macrolide antimicrobials (ie, azithromycin, erythromycin, and clarithromycin) and rifampin was determined by use of a concentration-gradient test. Prevalence of R equi isolates from Florida and Texas resistant to macrolide antimicrobials or rifampin was determined. Outcome of antimicrobial treatment in foals infected with antimicrobial-resistant isolates of R equi was determined.
Results—Only 24 of 38 (63.2%) isolates were resistant to > 1 antimicrobial. Two isolates were resistant only to rifampin, whereas 22 isolates were resistant to azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, and rifampin. The overall prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant isolates in submissions received from Florida and Texas was 3.7% (12/328). The survival proportion of foals infected with resistant R equi isolates (2/8 [25.0%]) was significantly less, compared with the survival proportion in foals that received the same antimicrobial treatment from which antimicrobial-susceptible isolates were cultured (55/79 [69.6%]). Odds of nonsurvival for foals infected with resistant R equi isolates were 6.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 37) times the odds for foals infected with susceptible isolates.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Interpretation of the results emphasized the importance of microbiological culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in foals with pneumonia caused by R equi.
Outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever among cattle associated with a state livestock exhibition
Authors: Moore Dale A. , Kohrs Paul , Baszler Timothy , Faux Cynthia , Sathre Peter , Wenz John R. , Eldridge Leonard , Li Hong 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Case Description—Severe disease and death were identified in cattle exhibited at a state fair that were naturally infected with ovine herpesvirus type 2 (OvHV-2).
Clinical Findings—Most affected cattle had anorexia, signs of depression, diarrhea, fever, and respiratory distress ultimately leading to death. Mean duration of clinical signs prior to death was 6 days (range, 1 to 26 days). Mean number of days between apparent exposure and death was 71 days (range, 46 to 139 days).
Treatment and Outcomes—19 of 132 cattle cohoused in 1 barn died of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). The diagnosis of sheep-associated MCF was confirmed on the basis of results of an OvHV-2–specific PCR assay performed on tissue samples obtained from affected cattle. The disease was associated but not significantly with distance from the center of the barn and was not associated with distance from the center of the sheep pens.
Clinical Relevance—Outbreaks of MCF in cattle are unusual, particularly in association with livestock exhibitions. Because the clinical signs may be similar to those of some transboundary diseases, cases of MCF should be reported and investigated. Findings for this outbreak provided evidence to suggest that fair boards and veterinarians should reexamine biosecurity recommendations for livestock exhibitions.
NBO and NICS analysis of the allylic rearrangements (the Cope and 3-aza-Cope rearrangements) of hexa-1,5-diene and N-vinylprop-2-en-1-amine: A DFT study
Authors: Zahedi Ehsan , Ali-Asgari Safa , Keley Vahid 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In this work, ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed on the 3,3-sigmatropic rearrangements of hexa-1,5-diene (Cope) and N-vinylprop-2-en-1-amine (3-aza-Cope) in the gas phase. The barrier heights and heats of reactions calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G** level of theory were in good agreement with experimental data. Transition states optimized with B3LYP/6-311G** theory were used for calculating the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) and, a natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was also performed at the same level of theory. Our results indicate that the aromaticities of the transition states are controlled by the out-of-plane component and that the chair-like transition state of the Cope rearrangement exhibits the strongest aromatic character. Analysis of donor-acceptor (bonding and anti-bonding) interactions of σ3–4 → π*1–2 suggests that the TS structure in the hexa-1,5-diene reaction (the Cope rearrangement) has more aromatic character than the N-vinylprop-2-en-1-amine reaction (the 3-aza-Cope rearrangement). The NBO results show that in the hexa-1,5-diene and N-vinylprop-2-en-1-amine rearrangements, activation energies are controlled by σ3–4 → π*1–2 and σ3–4 → π*1–2 resonance energies.
Low maternal PAPP‐A is associated with small‐for‐gestational age newborns and stillbirths
Authors: Marttala Jaana , Peuhkurinen Sini , Laitinen Paivi , Gissler Mika , Nieminen Pentti , Ryynanen Markku 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe investigated the association of first trimester low maternal serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) levels with small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) newborns and stillbirths (SBs) in a retrospective national population‐based register study. The study group comprised 921 women with the lowest 5% PAPP‐A levels (≤0.3 MoM) and the control group comprising 18,615 women with PAPP‐A levels >0.3 MoM. In the study group there were 35 (3.8%) and in the control group 213 SGA newborns (1.1%), respectively (OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 2.37–4.91). There were 9 (1.0%) and 51 (0.3%) cases of SBs in the study and control groups, respectively (p < 0.002; OR, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.76–7.32). Low PAPP‐A is a risk factor for SGA and SB.
Sagittal synostosis and ossified scalp hematoma: cause or consequence?
Authors: Piatt Joseph H. 
Published: July 2010

In this paper, the author presents 2 cases of sagittal synostosis with scaphocephaly that featured ossified scalp hematomas straddling the sagittal suture in the midparietal region. These ossified lesions were originally cephalohematomas. Collection of blood under the pericranium across the midline was possible in these cases because sagittal synostosis had obliterated the sagittal suture and its dense attachment to overlying periosteum. Scaphocephaly very likely exacerbated the difficulty of the deliveries and contributed to the causation of the scalp hemorrhages.
The alternative hypothesis, that ossification of a scalp hematoma immobilized the suture and caused synostosis, is not tenable for reasons that are reviewed. Sagittal synostosis in these 2 instances was not a complication of birth trauma.
Repeat decompression surgery for recurrent spinal metastases
Authors: Laufer Ilya , Hanover Andrew , Lis Eric , Yamada Yoshiya , Bilsky Mark 
Published: July 2010

Object
In this paper, the authors' goal was to determine the outcome of reoperation for recurrent epidural spinal cord compression in patients with metastatic spine disease.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients who underwent spine surgery at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1996 and 2007. Thirty-nine patients who underwent reoperation of the spine at the level previously treated with surgery were identified. Only patients whose reoperation was performed because of tumor recurrence leading to high-grade epidural spinal cord compression or recurrence with no further radiation options were included in the study. Patients who underwent reoperations exclusively for instrumentation failure were excluded. All patients underwent additional decompression via a posterolateral approach without removal of the spinal instrumentation.

Results
Patients underwent 1–4 reoperations at the same level. A median survival time of 12.4 months was noted after the first reoperation, and a median survival time of 9.1 months was noted after the last reoperation. At last follow-up 22 (65%) of 34 patients were ambulatory at the time of last follow-up or death, and the median time between loss-of-ambulation and death was 1 month. Functional status was maintained or improved by one Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group grade in 97% of patients. A major surgical complication rate of 5% was noted.

Conclusions
Reoperation represents a viable option in patients with high-grade epidural spinal cord compression who have recurrent metastatic tumors at previously operated spinal levels. In carefully selected patients, reoperation can prolong ambulation and result in good functional and neurological outcomes.