bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced protein levels in latex gloves may play an alternative approach to lowering latex sensitization risks among health workers; a cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Ngamchokwathana Chatpong , Chaiear Naesinee , Sakdapipanich Jitladda , Dechyotin Sumalai , Sripramai Somsamai , Khajornpipat Prapassorn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Latex gloves are essential for protecting healthcare workers from biological hazards but pose a risk of latex allergy, particularly due to powdered, protein, and allergen content. Recent advancements in latex glove manufacturing have led to reduced levels of extractable proteins, a known factor triggering allergenic reaction. This study aimed to compare latex sensitization between nursing staff using low-protein and high-protein latex gloves at a tertiary university hospital in Thailand.

Methods
A cross-sectional analytical study categorized participants into two groups based on glove exposure: the low extractable protein group (only exposed to non-powdered latex gloves with extractable protein levels below 50 µg/g) and the high extractable protein group (exposed to powdered latex gloves with levels above 50 µg/g). The sample size comprised 163 individuals in the low protein group and 318 in the high protein group (1:2). Latex allergy symptoms and sensitization were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire and latex-specific IgE measurement (ImmunoCAP), respectively. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics, including odds ratios and 95%CI.

Results
Demographic data was mostly similar in both exposure groups except for age. No significant differences in latex sensitization between the low and high protein groups were found via latex-specific IgE measurement (crude OR 1.90, 95%CI: 0.5, 7.18), potentially attributed to lower extractable protein levels in powdered latex gloves compared to previous studies. In contrast, the low protein group exhibited significantly fewer current latex allergy symptoms in both bivariate (crude OR 0.24, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.74) and multiple variable analysis (adjusted OR 0.18, 95%CI: 0.04, 0.86). Moreover, there was a significant reduction in latex allergy symptoms among the low protein group, decreasing from 9.8% who reported experiencing symptoms (when powdered latex gloves were used) to 1.2% who still reported current symptoms (OR 0.11, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.44).

Conclusions
This study underscores the importance of using non-powdered and low-protein latex gloves to reduce latex allergy symptoms while emphasizing the need for further investigation into the relationship between extractable protein levels in addition to the attempt of the major allergen removal and latex sensitization amid evolving glove manufacturing practices.
Mapping the membrane orientation of auxin homeostasis regulators PIN5 and PIN8 in Arabidopsis thaliana root cells reveals their divergent topology
Authors: Seifu Yewubnesh Wendimu , Pukyšová Vendula , Rýdza Nikola , Bilanovičová Veronika , Zwiewka Marta , Sedláček Marek , Nodzyński Tomasz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPIN proteins establish the auxin concentration gradient, which coordinates plant growth. PIN1-4 and 7 localized at the plasma membrane (PM) and facilitate polar auxin transport while the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized PIN5 and PIN8 maintain the intracellular auxin homeostasis. Although an antagonistic activity of PIN5 and PIN8 proteins in regulating the intracellular auxin homeostasis and other developmental events have been reported, the membrane topology of these proteins, which might be a basis for their antagonistic function, is poorly understood. In this study we optimized digitonin based PM-permeabilizing protocols coupled with immunocytochemistry labeling to map the membrane topology of PIN5 and PIN8 in Arabidopsis thaliana root cells. Our results indicate that, except for the similarities in the orientation of the N-terminus, PIN5 and PIN8 have an opposite orientation of the central hydrophilic loop and the C-terminus, as well as an unequal number of transmembrane domains (TMDs). PIN8 has ten TMDs with groups of five alpha-helices separated by the central hydrophilic loop (HL) residing in the ER lumen, and its N- and C-terminals are positioned in the cytoplasm. However, the topology of PIN5 comprises nine TMDs. Its N-terminal end and the central HL face the cytoplasm while its C-terminus resides in the ER lumen. Overall, this study shows that PIN5 and PIN8 proteins have a divergent membrane topology while introducing a toolkit of methods for studying membrane topology of integral proteins including those localized at the ER membrane.
Non-wounding contact-based Inoculation of fruits with fungal pathogens in postharvest
Authors: Sbodio Adrian O. , Mesquida-Pesci Saskia D. , Yip Nancy , Alvarez-Rojo Isabela , Gutierrez-Baeza Elia , Tay Samantha , Bello Pedro , Wang Luxin , Blanco-Ulate Barbara 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Fungal pathogens significantly impact the quality of fruits and vegetables at different stages of the supply chain, leading to substantial food losses. Understanding how these persistent fungal infections occur and progress in postharvest conditions is essential to developing effective control strategies.

Results
In this study, we developed a reliable and consistent inoculation protocol to simulate disease spread from infected fruits to adjacent healthy fruits during postharvest storage. We tested different combinations of relevant fruit commodities, including oranges, tomatoes, and apples, against impactful postharvest pathogens such as Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, Botrytis cinerea, and Penicillium expansum. We assessed the efficacy of this protocol using fruits treated with various postharvest methods and multiple isolates for each pathogen. We optimized the source of infected tissue and incubation conditions for each fruit-pathogen combination. Disease incidence and severity were quantitatively evaluated to study infection success and progression. At the final evaluation point, 80% or higher disease incidence rates were observed in all trials except for the fungicide-treated oranges inoculated with fungicide-susceptible Penicillium spp. isolates. Although disease incidence was lower in that particular scenario, it is noteworthy that the pathogen was still able to establish itself under unfavorable conditions, indicating the robustness of our methodology. Finally, we used multispectral imaging to detect early P. digitatum infections in oranges before the disease became visible to the naked eye but after the pathogen was established.

Conclusions
We developed a non-invasive inoculation strategy that can be used to recreate infections caused by contact or nesting in postharvest. The observed high disease incidence and severity values across fruit commodities and fungal pathogens demonstrate the robustness, efficacy, and reproducibility of the developed methodology. The protocol has the potential to be tailored for other pathosystems. Additionally, this approach can facilitate the study of fruit-pathogen interactions and the assessment of innovative control strategies.
miR-27b-3p reduces muscle fibrosis during chronic skeletal muscle injury by targeting TGF-βR1/Smad pathway
Authors: Yao Hang , Qian Jin , Bian Xu-ting , Guo Lin , Tang Kang-lai , Tao Xu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Fibrosis is a significant pathological feature of chronic skeletal muscle injury, profoundly affecting muscle regeneration. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) have the ability to differentiate into myofibroblasts, acting as a primary source of extracellular matrix (ECM). the process by which FAPs differentiate into myofibroblasts during chronic skeletal muscle injury remains inadequately explored.

Method
mouse model with sciatic nerve denervated was constructed and miRNA expression profiles between the mouse model and uninjured mouse were analyzed. qRT/PCR and immunofluorescence elucidated the effect of miR-27b-3p on fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Dual-luciferase reporter identified the target gene of miR-27b-3p, and finally knocked down or overexpressed the target gene and phosphorylation inhibition of Smad verified the influence of downstream molecules on the abundance of miR-27b-3p and fibrogenic differentiation of FAPs.

Result
FAPs derived from a mouse model with sciatic nerves denervated exhibited a progressively worsening fibrotic phenotype over time. Introducing agomiR-27b-3p effectively suppressed fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. MiR-27b-3p targeted Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 1 (TGF-βR1) and the abundance of miR-27b-3p was negatively regulated by TGF-βR1/Smad.

Conclusion
miR-27b-3p targeting the TGF-βR1/Smad pathway is a novel mechanism for regulating fibrogenic differentiation of FAPs. Increasing abundance of miR-27b-3p, suppressing expression of TGF-βR1 and inhibiting phosphorylation of smad3 presented potential strategies for treating fibrosis in chronic skeletal muscle injury.
Involvement of RAMP1/p38MAPK signaling pathway in osteoblast differentiation in response to mechanical stimulation: a preliminary study
Authors: Binlateh Thunwa , Leethanakul Chidchanok , Thammanichanon Peungchaleoy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
The present study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of mechanical stimulation in regulating osteogenic differentiation.

Materials and methods
Osteoblasts were exposed to compressive force (0–4 g/cm2) for 1–3 days or CGRP for 1 or 3 days. Expression of receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), the transcription factor RUNX2, osteocalcin, p38 and p-p38 were analyzed by western blotting. Calcium mineralization was analyzed by alizarin red straining.

Results
Using compressive force treatments, low magnitudes (1 and 2 g/cm2) of compressive force for 24 h promoted osteoblast differentiation and mineral deposition whereas higher magnitudes (3 and 4 g/cm2) did not produce osteogenic effect. Through western blot assay, we observed that the receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) expression was upregulated, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was phosphorylated during low magnitudes compressive force-promoted osteoblast differentiation. Further investigation of a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) peptide incubation, a ligand for RAMP1, showed that CGRP at concentration of 25 and 50 ng/ml could increase expression levels of RUNX2 and osteocalcin, and percentage of mineralization, suggesting its osteogenic potential. In addition, with the same conditions, CGRP also significantly upregulated RAMP1 and phosphorylated p38 expression levels. Also, the combination of compressive forces (1 and 2 g/cm2) with 50 ng/ml CGRP trended to increase RAMP1 expression, p38 activity, and osteogenic marker RUNX2 levels, as well as percentage of mineralization compared to compressive force alone. This suggest that RAMP1 possibly acts as an upstream regulator of p38 signaling during osteogenic differentiation.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that CGRP-RAMP1/p38MAPK signaling implicates in osteoblast differentiation in response to optimal magnitude of compressive force. This study helps to define the underlying mechanism of compressive stimulation and may also enhance the application of compressive stimulation or CGRP peptide as an alternative approach for accelerating tooth movement in orthodontic treatment.
Acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture: can repair become an alternative to reconstruction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies
Authors: Opoku Michael , Fang Mingqing , Lu Wenhao , Li Yusheng , Xiao Wenfeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To perform a meta-analysis to compare clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair and ACL reconstruction for acute ACL rupture.

Method
We searched Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to seek relevant studies. Clinical outcomes included failure rate, hardware removal rate, anteroposterior (AP) knee laxity, and patient-reported outcomes. In addition, subgroup analysis was carried out according to repair techniques, rupture locations, and study designs. Funnel plots were used to detect publication bias. All statistical analysis was performed using STATA (version 14.2, StataCorp).

Results
A total of 10 articles were included in this study, comprising 5 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 5 cohort studies, involving a total of 549 patients. We found no statistical differences between the ACL repair and ACL reconstruction in the following outcomes: failure rate, AP knee laxity, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome (KOOS) Score, and Tegner score. However, the ACL repair group had a higher hardware removal rate. Except for AP knee laxity results on different repair techniques, there was no statistical difference in other subgroup analyses.

Conclusion
Compared with ACL reconstruction, ACL repair shows similar results in clinical outcomes, and it is promising to be an effective alternative treatment for acute ACL rupture. Larger samples and higher-quality studies are needed to support our results and further explore the advantages of ACL repair in other aspects.

Level of evidence
Level III.
Evaluating the risk of return to the operating room across all elective orthopaedic procedures
Authors: Kiritsis Nicholas R. , Harris Matthew S. , Reiter Charles R. , Ernst Brady S. , Satalich James R. , Wyatt Phillip B. , O’Neill Conor N. , Vap Alexander R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Although elective procedures have life-changing potential, all surgeries come with an inherent risk of reoperation. There is a gap in knowledge investigating the risk of reoperation across orthopaedics. We aimed to identify the elective orthopaedic procedures with the highest rate of unplanned reoperation and the reasons for these procedures having such high reoperation rates.

Methods
Patients in the NSQIP database were identified using CPT and ICD-10 codes. We isolated 612,815 orthopaedics procedures from 2018 to 2020 and identified the 10 CPT codes with the greatest rate of unplanned return to the operating room. For each index procedure, we identified the ICD-10 codes for the reoperation procedure and categorized them into infection, mechanical failure, fracture, wound disruption, hematoma or seroma, nerve pathology, other, and unspecified.

Results
Below knee amputation (BKA) (CPT 27880) had the highest reoperation rate of 6.92% (37 of 535 patients). Posterior-approach thoracic (5.86%) or cervical (4.14%) arthrodesis and cervical laminectomy (3.85%), revision total hip arthroplasty (5.23%), conversion to total hip arthroplasty (4.33%), and revision shoulder arthroplasty (4.22%) were among the remaining highest reoperation rates. The overall leading causes of reoperation were infection (30.1%), mechanical failure (21.1%), and hematoma or seroma (9.4%) for the 10 procedures with the highest reoperation rates.

Conclusions
This study successfully identified the elective orthopaedic procedures with the highest 30-day return to OR rates. These include BKA, posterior thoracic and cervical spinal arthrodesis, revision hip arthroplasty, revision total shoulder arthroplasty, and cervical laminectomy. With this data, we can identify areas across orthopaedics in which revising protocols may improve patient outcomes and limit the burden of reoperations on patients and the healthcare system. Future studies should focus on the long-term physical and financial impact that these reoperations may have on patients and hospital systems.

Level of clinical evidence
IV.
Clinical, functional and radiological outcome after osteosynthesis of ankle fractures using a specific provocation test
Authors: Zimmermann Julian , Zingg Liv , Frey Walter O. , Schläppi Michel , Babians Arby , Zingg Urs 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Ankle fractures are frequent, and despite numerous publications on their treatment and outcome, there is a lack of precise data on the functional results in young, healthy and physically active patients. We hypothesized that patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for simple ankle fractures would have similar function compared to a healthy control group, whereas patients with complex fractures will have significant functional deficits. Furthermore, we postulate that there is a discrepancy between the radiological and the functional outcomes.

Methods
A set of specific provocation tests was developed to evaluate the postoperative possibility of weight bearing, stop-and-go activities and range of motion. In combination with three questionnaires and a radiographic evaluation, the true functional outcome and the possibility of participating in sporting activities were investigated and compared with those of an age- and sex-matched control group.

Results
A significant impairment was found in unilateral and simple ankle fractures. This impairment increased in tests including stop-and-go activities in combination with load bearing and with the complexity of the fractures. Concerning the subjective outcome, there was a significant adverse effect for daily activities without any difference in preoperative or postoperative sporting activity between the groups. No difference was found in the radiological assessment.

Conclusions
Both simple and complex ankle fractures treated with ORIF have a significant and long-lasting impact on functional outcome in young and active patients. The radiological result is not associated with a good functional outcome.

Trial registration
BASEC-Nr. 2018 − 01124.
Predicting gene expression state and prioritizing putative enhancers using 5hmC signal
Authors: Gonzalez-Avalos Edahi , Onodera Atsushi , Samaniego-Castruita Daniela , Rao Anjana , Ay Ferhat 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Like its parent base 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a direct epigenetic modification of cytosines in the context of CpG dinucleotides. 5hmC is the most abundant oxidized form of 5mC, generated through the action of TET dioxygenases at gene bodies of actively-transcribed genes and at active or lineage-specific enhancers. Although such enrichments are reported for 5hmC, to date, predictive models of gene expression state or putative regulatory regions for genes using 5hmC have not been developed.

Results
Here, by using only 5hmC enrichment in genic regions and their vicinity, we develop neural network models that predict gene expression state across 49 cell types. We show that our deep neural network models distinguish high vs low expression state utilizing only 5hmC levels and these predictive models generalize to unseen cell types. Further, in order to leverage 5hmC signal in distal enhancers for expression prediction, we employ an Activity-by-Contact model and also develop a graph convolutional neural network model with both utilizing Hi-C data and 5hmC enrichment to prioritize enhancer-promoter links. These approaches identify known and novel putative enhancers for key genes in multiple immune cell subsets.

Conclusions
Our work highlights the importance of 5hmC in gene regulation through proximal and distal mechanisms and provides a framework to link it to genome function. With the recent advances in 6-letter DNA sequencing by short and long-read techniques, profiling of 5mC and 5hmC may be done routinely in the near future, hence, providing a broad range of applications for the methods developed here.
Native and tagged CENP-A histones are functionally inequivalent
Authors: Bui Minh , Baek Songjoon , Bentahar Reda S. , Melters Daniël P. , Dalal Yamini 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Over the past several decades, the use of biochemical and fluorescent tags has elucidated mechanistic and cytological processes that would otherwise be impossible. The challenging nature of certain nuclear proteins includes low abundancy, poor antibody recognition, and transient dynamics. One approach to get around those issues is the addition of a peptide or larger protein tag to the target protein to improve enrichment, purification, and visualization. However, many of these studies were done under the assumption that tagged proteins can fully recapitulate native protein function.

Results
We report that when C-terminally TAP-tagged CENP-A histone variant is introduced, it undergoes altered kinetochore protein binding, differs in post-translational modifications (PTMs), utilizes histone chaperones that differ from that of native CENP-A, and can partially displace native CENP-A in human cells. Additionally, these tagged CENP-A-containing nucleosomes have reduced centromeric incorporation at early G1 phase and poorly associates with linker histone H1.5 compared to native CENP-A nucleosomes.

Conclusions
These data suggest expressing tagged versions of histone variant CENP-A may result in unexpected utilization of non-native pathways, thereby altering the biological function of the histone variant.
Prediabetes and diabetes were attributed to the prevalence and severity of sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly adults
Authors: Yuan Jing , Jia Pu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia and diabetes are both prevalent health problems worldwide. However, little is known about the relationship between prediabetes and the prevalence and severity of sarcopenia. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the association between glucose status and the components of sarcopenia, including low muscle mass (LMM), low muscle strength (LMS) and low gait speed (LGS) in US adults.

Methods
Data from the 1999 to 2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. A total of 4002 participants aged ≥ 50 years with available information on glucose status (NGR: 1939 cases; prediabetes: 1172 cases; diabetes: 891 cases) and sarcopenia were included in this study. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Foundation for National Institute of Health criteria. Muscle mass, muscle strength and gait speed were used to evaluate sarcopenia and its severity. Weighed multivariable logistic regression were used to explore the association between glucose status and the components of sarcopenia. The hypothetical population attributable fraction (PAF) for the glucose status was also calculated.

Results
The mean age of the cohort was 63.01 ± 9.89 years, with 49.4% being male. Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that diabetes was an independent risk factor for sarcopenia (OR = 5.470, 95% CI 1.551–19.296) and showed a marginal association with severe sarcopenia (OR = 10.693, 95% CI 0.955–119.73) compared to NGR in men, but not in women. Additionally, prediabetes was independently associated with severe sarcopenia (OR = 3.647, 95% CI 1.532–8.697), LMS (OR = 1.472, 95% CI 1.018–2.127) and LGS (OR = 1.673, 95% CI 1.054–2.655) in the entire cohort. When stratifying by gender, we further observed that prediabetes was significantly associated with LMS in men (OR = 1.897, 95% CI 1.019–3.543) and related to LMM (OR = 3.174, 95% CI 1.287–7.829) and LGS (OR = 2.075, 95% CI 1.155–3.727) in women. HbA1c was positively associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia in men (OR = 1.993, 95% CI 1.511–2.629). PAF showed that diabetes accounted for 16.3% of observed sarcopenia cases. Maintaining NGR in the entire population could have prevented 38.5% of sarcopenia cases and 50.9% of severe sarcopenia cases.

Conclusions
Prediabetes and diabetes were independently associated with the prevalence and severity of sarcopenia in US population. Slowing down the progression of hyperglycemia could have prevented a significant proportion of sarcopenia cases.