bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution of deep‐sea macrohabitat heterogeneity to global nematode diversity
Authors: Vanreusel Ann , Fonseca Gustavo , Danovaro Roberto , Da Silva Maria Cristina , Esteves André M. , Ferrero Tim , Gad Gunnar , Galtsova Valentina , Gambi Cristina , Da Fonsêca Genevois Veronica , Ingels Jeroen , Ingole Baban , Lampadariou Nikolaos , Merckx Bea , Miljutin Dmitry , Miljutina Maria , Muthumbi Agnes , Netto Sergio , Portnova Daria , Radziejewska Teresa , Raes Maarten , Tchesunov Alexei , Vanaverbeke Jan , Van Gaever Saskia , Venekey Virág , Bezerra Tania Nara , Flint Hannah , Copley John , Pape Ellen , Zeppilli Daniela , Martinez Pedro Arbizu , Galeron Joelle 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe great variety of geological and hydrological conditions in the deep sea generates many different habitats. Some are only recently explored, although their true extent and geographical coverage are still not fully established. Both continental margins and mid‐oceanic seafloors are much more complex ecologically, geologically, chemically and hydrodynamically than originally thought. As a result, fundamental patterns of species distribution first observed and explained in the context of relatively monotonous slopes and abyssal plains must now be re‐evaluated in the light of this newly recognized habitat heterogeneity. Based on a global database of nematode genus composition, collected as part of the Census of Marine Life, we show that macrohabitat heterogeneity contributes significantly to total deep‐sea nematode diversity on a global scale. Different deep‐sea settings harbour specific nematode assemblages. Some of them, like coral rubble zones or nodule areas, are very diverse habitats. Factors such as increased substrate complexity in the case of nodules and corals seem to facilitate the co‐existence of a large number of genera with different modes of life, ranging from sediment dwelling to epifaunal. Furthermore, strong biochemical gradients in the case of vents or seeps are responsible for the success of particular genera, which are not prominent in more typical soft sediments. Many nematode deep‐sea genera are cosmopolitan, inhabiting a variety of deep‐sea habitats and oceans, whereas only 21% of all deep‐sea genera recorded are restricted to a single habitat. In addition to habitat heterogeneity, regional differences are important in structuring nematode assemblages. For instance, seeps from different regions yield different genera that thrive on the sulphidic sediments. This study also shows that many areas and habitats remain highly under‐sampled, affecting our ability to understand fully the contribution of habitat heterogeneity versus regional differences to global nematode diversity.
Allelic diversity and geographical pattern at soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor single locus in Chinese wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.)
Authors: Wang K. J. , Li X. H. , Takahata Y. , Yamashita T. 
Published: January 2010

With 6 figures and 2 tables AbstractSoybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (SKTI) is extensively studied for its biological function, anti‐nutritional feature, transgenic insect‐resistant breeding and as a genetic marker for tracing the origin and dissemination of soybeans. In this study, SKTI was revealed to exist with a high level of polymorphism at its single locus in the genus Glycine subgenus Soja. We investigated 5612 individual plants of Chinese wild soybean for polymorphic variation and geographical distribution of SKTI in China. As a result, five new variants were detected. These variants were Tibi7, Tih, Tii, Tij and Tik. Together with the known variants at this locus, the sum surprisingly has accounted up to at least eight electrophoretically distinguishable variants at this locus in Chinese wild soybean. This strongly suggests that Chinese wild soybean has high level of polymorphism at SKTI locus, and this protein has high mutability in the phylogenetic history of SKTI. The geographical pattern of the polymorphism indicated that the variability of SKTI abounded in Northeast China and Tib allele existed with high frequency in the southeastern littoral of China.
Comparison of the play of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by subtypes
Authors: Cordier Reinie , Bundy Anita , Hocking Clare , Einfeld Stewart 
Published: January 2010

Background:  Studies have found differences in the nature and severity of social problems experienced by children with different subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Given that play is often the context for acquiring social skills, there is surprisingly limited research examining whether these differences distinguish the play of children within the groups. Methods:  Using the Test of Playfulness (ToP), we examined the similarities and differences in play between children (aged 5–11 years) diagnosed with the three
DSM‐IV ADHD subtypes: inattentive (I‐subtype;n = 46), hyperactive‐impulsive (HI‐subtype;n = 28) and combined subtypes (C‐subtype;n = 31).Results and conclusions:  Bias interaction, an item‐by‐item analysis, revealed that the hierarchy of ToP items was similar for children with the HI‐ and C‐subtypes, but differed for children with the I‐subtype. Specifically, children with the I‐subtype found it more difficult to become intensely engaged in play and to take on playful mischief and clowning; however, they found social play items to be easier. Conversely, whereas mischief and clowning were relatively easier for children with the HI‐ and C‐subtypes, many items reflecting social interaction were more difficult. These findings suggest that interventions can be tailored to these differing presentations. However, further research is needed to confirm the findings.
Anandamide induces cell death through lipid rafts in hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Yang Qiao , Liu Hong Yan , Zhang Yao Wen , Wu Wen Jie , Tang Wang Xian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims: Anandamide (AEA), the most extensively studied endocannabinoid, and its putative cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, exert a variety of physiological and pharmacological effects in chronic liver diseases, such as hyperdynamic circulation. Anandamide selectively blocks proliferation and induces cell death in hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the key cell type of liver fibrogenesis. However, its precise molecular mechanism in rat HSC has not been fully elucidated.Methods: CB1 and CB2 mRNA transcriptions were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; CB1, CB2, phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3K) and protein kinase B (PKB) protein expressions were investigated by western blot and/or immunofluorescence. Cell death was detected by Annexin V‐PE/7AAD flow cytometry, lipid raft content by confocal microscopic analysis, cell viability by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, nuclear morphological changes by Hoechst 33258 fluorochrome, and inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐2 and IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: CB1 and CB2 receptors were detectable in HSC. AEA caused HSC growth inhibition in a concentration‐dependent manner. Furthermore, a high concentration of AEA (20 µmol/L) triggered potent cell death‐induced necrosis but not apoptosis. None of these effects were blocked by CB1 or CB2 receptor antagonist, but by methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MCD; 10 mmol/L), a cholesterol depletory agent. AEA significantly inhibited PI3K/PKB activity, and increased IL‐2, IL‐6 and TNF‐α release.Conclusion: These results demonstrated that AEA induced HSC necrosis through lipid rafts: a possible role of PI3K/PKB signaling pathway downregulation and inflammatory factors production. Cholesterol depletion abolished the effects of AEA on HSC necrosis.
Hybrid Booleans
Authors: Pavić Darko , Campen Marcel , Kobbelt Leif 
Published: January 2010

Abstract In this paper, we present a novel method to compute Boolean operations on polygonal meshes. Given a Boolean expression over an arbitrary number of input meshes we reliably and efficiently compute an output mesh which faithfully preserves the existing sharp features and precisely reconstructs the new features appearing along the intersections of the input meshes. The term “hybrid” applies to our method in two ways: First, our algorithm operates on a hybrid data structure which stores the original input polygons (surface data) in an adaptively refined octree (volume data). By this we combine the robustness of volumetric techniques with the accuracy of surface‐oriented techniques. Second, we generate a new triangulation only in a close vicinity around the intersections of the input meshes and thus preserve as much of the original mesh structure as possible (hybrid mesh). Since the actual processing of the Boolean operation is confined to a very small region around the intersections of the input meshes, we can achieve very high adaptive refinement resolutions and hence very high precision. We demonstrate our method on a number of challenging examples.
It's Not a Colorless Classroom: Teaching Religion Online to Black College Students Using Transformative, Postmodern Pedagogy
Authors: Arroyo Andrew T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWith the general practice of online teaching still in relative infancy, nuanced approaches for teaching target populations such as black students are especially scarce. This article submits a theoretical framework for approaching the activity of teaching black students online using a transformative, postmodern pedagogy that is sensitive to black learning styles. It also offers practical suggestions for course design and deployment in online religion courses. In the interest of providing an optimal learning experience for every student, all instructors are encouraged to consider the race and culture variable in their online teaching, whether their roster contains one black student or many.
Sex Discrimination, Gender Balance, Justice and Publicity in Admissions
Authors: SAUNDERS BEN 
Published: January 2010

abstractThis paper examines the problem of selecting a number of candidates to receive a good (admission) from a pool in which there are more qualified applicants than places. I observe that it is rarely possible to order all candidates according to some relevant criterion, such as academic merit, since these standards are inevitably somewhat vague. This means that we are often faced with the task of making selections between near‐enough equal candidates. I survey one particular line of response, which says that we should allow our choice of borderline candidates to be guided by non‐relevant criteria such as gender‐balancing. I argue that this would not, as commonly objected, be a case of sex discrimination if it is to be applied either in favour of men or women. Nonetheless, I argue that such policies are problematic because they violate the demand for publicity, which is required for legitimacy and to assure everyone that discrimination has not in fact taken place. Instead, I suggest that, if we are concerned to avoid discrimination, there may be a case for using lotteries as tie‐breakers, not on grounds of fairness but to prevent taint of bias.
Genetic and environmental influences on the growth of early reading skills
Authors: Petrill Stephen A. , Hart Sara A. , Harlaar Nicole , Logan Jessica , Justice Laura M. , Schatschneider Christopher , Thompson Lee , DeThorne Laura S. , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Cutting Laurie 
Published: January 2010

Background:  Studies have suggested genetic and environmental influences on overall level of early reading whereas the larger reading literature has shown environmental influences on the rate of growth of early reading skills. This study is the first to examine the genetic and environmental influences on both initial level of performance and rate of subsequent growth in early reading.Methods:  Participants were drawn from the Western Reserve Reading Project, a study of 314 twin pairs based in Ohio. Twins were assessed via three annual home visits during early elementary school. Assessments included word identification, letter identification, pseudoword decoding, expressive vocabulary, phoneme awareness, and rapid naming. Measures were analyzed using latent growth curve modeling.Results:  The heritability of initial performance (latent intercept) ranged from h2 = .38 for word identification to h2 = .72 for rapid naming. Shared environment ranged from c2 = .11 for rapid naming to c2 = .62 for word identification. The heritability of the rate of subsequent growth (latent slope) was statistically significant for rapid naming h2 = .58 and phoneme awareness h2 = .20. Shared environment accounted for nearly 100% of variance in rate of growth for word identification, letter identification and pseudoword decoding, and was statistically significant and large for phoneme awareness (c2 = .80). Genetic variance for rapid naming and phoneme awareness latent slopes overlapped entirely with genetic variance on the intercepts. In contrast, one‐third to two‐thirds of the shared environmental variance on the slope was independent from the shared environmental variance on the intercept.Conclusions:  Genetic influences were related primarily to those already present at the initial level of performance. In contrast, shared environmental influences affecting rate of growth were both predicted by and independent from initial levels of performance. Results suggested that growth in early reading skills is amenable to family, school, or other environmental influences as reading skills develop.
Maternal emotion coaching, adolescent anger regulation, and siblings’ externalizing symptoms
Authors: Shortt Joann Wu , Stoolmiller Mike , Smith‐Shine Jessica N. , Mark Eddy J. , Sheeber Lisa 
Published: January 2010

Background:  Increases in externalizing behaviors during the transition to adolescence may put children at risk for developing mental disorders and related problems. Although children’s ability to regulate their emotions appears to be a key factor influencing risk for maladjustment, emotion processes during adolescence remain understudied. In this longitudinal study, we examined a multi‐level mediational model in which emotion coaching by parents was posited to influence the ability of adolescents to regulate their emotions, which in turn influences their expression of problem behaviors.Methods:  We recruited a representative community sample of 244 families with biological sibling pairs comprising a child in late elementary school and a child in middle school. Maternal meta‐emotion interviews were coded for mother emotion coaching and adolescent difficulty with anger. Mothers also completed questionnaires on adolescent irritability. Ratings of adolescent problem behaviors were obtained from mother and teacher questionnaires completed at two time points. Using structural equation modeling, constructs were partitioned into components across older and younger siblings to examine shared and nonshared variance and contextual effects.Results:  Cross‐sectional data indicated that mothers' emotion coaching of anger was related to better anger regulation in adolescent siblings, which was, in turn related to less externalizing behavior. Although support for mediational effects was limited in the longitudinal data, both older and younger siblings' difficulties in regulating anger predicted adolescent externalizing behavior three years later. Additional longitudinal predictors of externalizing behavior were observed for younger siblings. In particular, emotion coaching of anger by mothers was associated with decreased externalizing behavior, while conversely, older siblings' externalizing behavior was associated with increased externalizing behavior in the younger siblings over time.Conclusions:  The findings highlight the importance of considering family emotion processes in understanding adolescent problem behavior. Both maternal emotion coaching of adolescent anger and adolescent difficulty in regulating anger influenced adolescent externalizing behavior. Emotion coaching interventions seem worthy of consideration for enhancing the impact of prevention and intervention programs targeting youth externalizing behaviors.
Evaluating the Cost‐Effectiveness of Fall Prevention Programs that Reduce Fall‐Related Hip Fractures in Older Adults
Authors: Frick Kevin D. , Kung Jacquelyn Y. , Parrish John M. , Narrett Matthew J. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVES:To model the incremental cost‐utility of seven interventions reported as effective for preventing falls in older adults.DESIGN:Mathematical epidemiological model populated by data based on direct clinical experience and a critical review of the literature.SETTING:Model represents population level interventions.PARTICIPANTS:No human subjects were involved in the study.MEASUREMENS:The last Cochrane database review and meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials categorized effective fall‐prevention interventions into seven groups: medical management (withdrawal) of psychotropics, group tai chi, vitamin D supplementation, muscle and balance exercises, home modifications, multifactorial individualized programs for all elderly people, and multifactorial individualized treatments for high‐risk frail elderly people. Fall‐related hip fracture incidence was obtained from the literature. Salary figures for health professionals were based on Bureau of Labor Statistics data. Using an integrated healthcare system perspective, healthcare costs were estimated based on practice and studies on falls in older adults. Base case incremental cost utility ratios were calculated, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted.RESULTS:Medical management of psychotropics and group tai chi were the least‐costly, most‐effective options, but they were also the least studied. Excluding these interventions, the least‐expensive, most‐effective options are vitamin D supplementation and home modifications. Vitamin D supplementation costs less than home modifications, but home modifications cost only $14,794/quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained more than vitamin D. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses excluding management of psychotropics and tai chi, home modification is most likely to have the highest economic benefit when QALYs are valued at $50,000 or $100,000.CONCLUSION:Of single interventions studied, management of psychotropics and tai chi reduces costs the most. Of more‐studied interventions, home modifications provide the best value. These results must be interpreted in the context of the multifactorial nature of falls.
Physical Performance and Subsequent Disability and Survival in Older Adults with Malignancy: Results from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Authors: Klepin Heidi D. , Geiger Ann M. , Tooze Janet A. , Newman Anne B. , Colbert Lisa H. , Bauer Douglas C. , Satterfield Suzanne , Pavon Juliessa , Kritchevsky Stephen B. ,   for the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate objective physical performance measures as predictors of survival and subsequent disability in older patients with cancer.DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study.SETTING: Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study.PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred twenty‐nine individuals diagnosed with cancer during the first 6 years of follow‐up of the Health ABC Study.MEASUREMENTS: The associations between precancer measures of physical performance (20‐m usual gait speed, 400‐m long‐distance corridor walk (LDCW), and grip strength) and overall survival and a short‐term outcome of 2‐year progression to disability or death were evaluated. Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models, stratified for metastatic disease, respectively, were used for outcomes.RESULTS: Mean age was 77.2, 36.1% were women, and 45.7% were black. Faster 20‐m usual walking speed was associated with a lower risk of death in the metastatic group (hazard ratio=0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.79–0.99) and lower 2‐year progression to disability or death in the nonmetastatic group (odds ratio (OR)=0.77, 95% CI=0.64–0.94). Ability to complete the 400‐m LDCW was associated with lower 2‐year progression to disability or death in the nonmetastatic group (OR=0.24, 95% CI=0.10–0.62). There were no associations between grip strength and disability or death.CONCLUSION: Lower extremity physical performance tests (usual gait speed and 400‐m LDCW) were associated with survival and 2‐year progression to disability or death. Objective physical performance measures may help inform pretreatment evaluations in older adults with cancer.
Adverse Effects of Complementary and Alternative Medicine on Antihypertensive Medication Adherence: Findings from the Cohort Study of Medication Adherence Among Older Adults
Authors: Krousel‐Wood Marie A. , Muntner Paul , Joyce Cara J. , Islam Tareq , Stanley Erin , Holt Elizabeth W. , Morisky Donald E. , He Jiang , Webber Larry S. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and antihypertensive medication adherence in older black and white adults.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional.SETTING: Patients enrolled in a managed care organization.PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand were hundred eighty black and white adults aged 65 and older and prescribed antihypertensive medication.MEASUREMENTS: Information on CAM use (health food and herbal supplements, relaxation techniques) for blood pressure control and antihypertensive medication adherence were collected in a telephone survey between August 2006 and September 2007. Low medication adherence was defined as a score less than 6 using the eight‐item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale.RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 75.0±5.6, 30.7% were black, 26.5% used CAM, and 14.1% had low antihypertensive medication adherence. In managing blood pressure, 30.5% of black and 24.7% of white participants had used CAM in the last year (P=.005), and 18.4% of black and 12.3% of white participants reported low adherence to antihypertensive medication (<.001). After multivariable adjustment for sociodemographic information, depressive symptoms, and reduction in antihypertensive medications because of cost, the prevalence ratios of low antihypertensive medication adherence associated with CAM use were 1.56 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.14–2.15; P=.006) in blacks and 0.95 (95% CI=0.70–1.29; P=.73) in whites (P value for interaction=.07).CONCLUSION: In this cohort of older managed care patients, CAM use was associated with low adherence to antihypertensive medication in blacks but not whites.
A critical reappraisal of treatment response criteria in systemic mastocytosis and a proposal for revisions
Authors: Pardanani A. , Tefferi A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMast cell disease (MCD) is a hematopoietic stem cell neoplasm that is associated with infiltration of one or more organs with cytologically abnormal mast cells (MC). MCD is frequently but not always associated with a KIT mutation and, in some cases, is associated with clonal expansion of non‐MC lineage cells. In adults, there is almost always MC infiltration of the bone marrow, which is a cardinal feature of systemic mastocytosis (SM). While, as members of the wider community of physician scientists, we recognize the contribution of the current consensus treatment response criteria for SM, as individuals with more than average clinical experience in SM, we would like to point out their limitations and engage in a constructive discussion that will hopefully lead to a consideration for revisions. We present here an alternative proposal for treatment response assessments we believe is more objective, reproducible, and importantly, SM‐subtype specific, given the recent progress in our understanding of the natural history of this disease. We believe this proposal is timely given the prospects for new clinical trials in SM, and the related regulatory aspects of new drug approval that are currently not adequately addressed. The intent of this exercise is not to undermine the complexity of the disease or previous work by other investigators, but to come up with ideas for response criteria that are more practical and consider meaningful patient outcome.