bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐cell analysis of somatotopic map formation in the zebrafish lateral line system
Authors: Sato Akira , Koshida Sumito , Takeda Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe zebrafish lateral line is a simple sensory system comprising a small number of neurons in addition to their sensory organs, the neuromasts. We have adopted this system as a model for single‐cell level analyses of topographic map formation and examined when and how the lateral line topographic map is established. Single‐neuron labeling demonstrated that somatotopic organization of the ganglion emerges by 54 hr postfertilization, but also that this initial map is not as accurate as that observed at 6 days postfertilization. During this initial stage, individual neurons exhibit extensively diverse behavior and morphologies. We identified leader neurons, the axons of which are the first to reach the tail, and later‐appearing axons that contribute to the initial map. Our data suggest that lateral line neurons are heterogeneous from the beginning of lateral line development, and that some of them are intrinsically fate determined to contribute to the somatotopic map. Developmental Dynamics 239:2058–2065, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The transcriptional activity of Neurog3 affects migration and differentiation of ectopic endocrine cells in chicken endoderm
Authors: Rosenberg Louise C. , Lafon Merete L. , Pedersen Jesper Karup , Yassin Hani , Jensen Jan Nygaard , Serup Palle , Hecksher‐Sørensen Jacob 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNeurog3 is expressed transiently in pancreatic endocrine progenitors where it is responsible for activating a transcription factor cascade which eventually defines the mature endocrine cells. However, the mechanism by which Neurog3 regulates different aspects of the endocrine differentiation program is less clear. In this report we used in ovo electroporation to investigate how manipulation of Neurog3 protein activity affected migration, differentiation and fate determination. We found that changes in the onset of Neurog3 expression only had minor effect on differentiation. However increasing the transcriptional activity of Neurog3 by fusing it to VP16 or co‐electroporating with Ep300 caused the electroporated cells to migrate rather than differentiate. In contrast, reducing the transcriptional activity of Neurog3 by deleting parts of the activation domain, by fusing Neurog3 to the engrailed repressor domain, or co‐electroporating with Hdac1 greatly increased the proportion of glucagon expressing cells. Developmental Dynamics 239:1950–1966, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theoretical Study on Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reaction of Butadiene with Benzaldehyde Catalyzed by Chiral InIII Complexes
Authors: Cao Xiuli , Qin Song , Su Zhishan , Yang Huaqing , Hu Changwei , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe mechanism of the hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction of butadiene with benzaldehyde catalyzed by chiral N,N′‐dioxide/In(OTf)3 complexes was studied theoretically by using density functional theory (DFT) and model system. The computational results indicate that the catalyzed reaction proceeded through a concerted mechanism via a highly zwitterionic transition state. The lowest energy barrier was 11.8 kJ mol–1, which is 63.0 kJ mol–1 lower than that of the uncatalyzed reaction. The results indicate that the endo approach is advantageous over the exo approach, because exo transitions states suffer from more steric hindrance than the endo transitions states as a result of interactions among the substrates, the trifluoromethanesulfonic group and the R4 groups of the ligand. The (S) configuration was observed predominantly over the (R) form, because there is no distinguishable repulsion between butadiene and the exo amino side or the endo amino side of the ligand. Besides, the interactions between the terminal hydrogen atoms of butadiene and the oxygen atoms of the trifluoromethanesulfonic group make the structure more stable. Thus, the experimental results were explained well by calculation of the chiral N,N′‐dioxide/In(OTf)3 complex catalyzed hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction at the molecular level.
Glucosinolate Chemistry: Synthesis of O‐Glycosylated Derivatives of Glucosinalbin
Authors: Gueyrard David , Iori Renato , Tatibouët Arnaud , Rollin Patrick 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of the major glucosinolate of Moringa oleifera and of other non‐natural O‐glycosylated derivatives of glucosinalbin is reported. The synthetic sequence applied, which involves the conversion of carbohydrate‐based nitrostyrenes into the key thiohydroximates, appears to be sufficiently versatile to synthesize a range of glucosinolatesbearing a glycosylated phenolic function. We synthesizedanalogues of the naturally occurring L‐rhamnoside 1 with a view to estimating the importance of this phenol‐protecting sugar moiety in modulating the biological activity of the parent glucosinolate and related breakdown products.
Convergent Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Syringolin A and Derivatives as Eukaryotic 20S Proteasome Inhibitors
Authors: Clerc Jérôme , Schellenberg Barbara , Groll Michael , Bachmann André S. , Huber Robert , Dudler Robert , Kaiser Markus 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA convergent synthesis of SylA was developed and consists of the synthesis of a fully functionalized macrocycle, which is subsequently coupled with a urea moiety. For cyclization, ring‐closing metathesis of a conformationally preorganized precursor was employed. The established synthetic route was then applied to the synthesis of SylA derivatives by using various peptidic side chains for decoration of the SylA macrocycle. The resulting collection of SylA analogues was tested for proteasome inhibition, revealing PEGylated SylA derivatives as the most potent proteasome inhibitors.
Spurious hypercalcitoninemia and heterophilic antibodies in patients with thyroid nodules
Authors: Giovanella Luca , Suriano Sergio 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of our study was to examine the prevalence of significant heterophilic antibody (HAb) interferences in serum calcitonin measurement in a large cohort of patients with thyroid nodules.MethodsEnrolled in the study were 378 patients with thyroid nodules shown not to have medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) after extensive diagnostic workup. Serum calcitonin measurement was performed before and after incubating each serum sample in heterophilic‐blocking tubes (HBTs) and the differences were calculated. Samples showing an absolute percentage difference greater than 3 SD from the mean percentage difference were considered as affected by heterophilic antibody interference.ResultsFive of 378 patients (1.3%) with HAb interferences were identified, 4 with clinically relevant false‐positive calcitonin results.ConclusionA false‐positive calcitonin result due to HAb interference occurs more frequently than MTC (1.3% vs 0%) in our patient series. A serum pretreatment in HBTs should be considered when increased serum calcitonin levels are found in a patient with a thyroid nodule to prevent unwarranted investigations or therapies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Frequency of bilateral cervical metastases in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective analysis of 352 cases after bilateral neck dissection
Authors: Olzowy Bernhard , Tsalemchuk Yulia , Schotten Klaus‐Juergen , Reichel Oliver , Harréus Ulrich 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe decision whether to perform an elective neck dissection in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and clinically negative lymph nodes (cN0) is made based on the probability of micrometastases in the neck for the given subsite and size of the primary. To date there is limited information about contralateral and bilateral cervical lymph node metastases of oropharyngeal carcinoma.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed of 352 patients with oropharyngeal SCC who received a bilateral neck dissection. The frequency of histologically unveiled bilateral neck metastases was determined.ResultsCarcinomas of the tonsillar fossa starting with a T2 classification and carcinomas of the soft palate, base of tongue, and pharyngeal wall at any stage showed a high frequency of bilateral metastases.ConclusionsBilateral neck dissection should be recommended for all but T1 and selected cases of T2 carcinomas of the tonsillar fossa. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Prognostic significance of p16 in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with concurrent cisplatin and radiotherapy
Authors: Lau Harold Y. , Brar Sony , Klimowicz Alexander C. , Petrillo Stephanie K. , Hao Desirée , Brockton Nigel T. , Kong Christina S. , Lees‐Miller Susan P. , Magliocco Anthony M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV)–related squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN) has emerged as a distinct clinical entity. The expression of p16 protein can be used as a surrogate for HPV status.Methodsp16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was assessed in archival paraffin‐embedded material for 55 patients with locally advanced SCCHN treated with a uniform regimen of cisplatin and radiation. HPV status was assessed by colorimetric in situ hybridization (CISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsCompared with p16‐ and HPV‐negative patients, the p16‐ and HPV‐positive patients had improved overall survival, disease‐free survival, and locoregional recurrence rates.Conclusionsp16 IHC may serve as a useful surrogate and prognostic marker for patients with HPV‐related SCCHN treated with cisplatin and radiation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Therapeutic potential of adult bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in diseases of the skeleton
Authors: Chanda Diptiman , Kumar Sanjay , Ponnazhagan Selvarangan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most popular among the adult stem cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Since their discovery and functional characterization in the late 1960s and early 1970s, MSCs or MSC‐like cells have been obtained from various mesodermal and non‐mesodermal tissues, although majority of the therapeutic applications involved bone marrow‐derived MSCs. Based on its mesenchymal origin, it was predicted earlier that MSCs only can differentiate into mesengenic lineages like bone, cartilage, fat or muscle. However, varied isolation and cell culturing methods identified subsets of MSCs in the bone marrow which not only differentiated into mesenchymal lineages, but also into ectodermal and endodermal derivatives. Although, true pluripotent status is yet to be established, MSCs have been successfully used in bone and cartilage regeneration in osteoporotic fracture and arthritis, respectively, and in the repair of cardiac tissue following myocardial infarction. Immunosuppressive properties of MSCs extend utility of MSCs to reduce complications of graft versus host disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Homing of MSCs to sites of tissue injury, including tumor, is well established. In addition to their ability in tissue regeneration, MSCs can be genetically engineered ex vivo for delivery of therapeutic molecule(s) to the sites of injury or tumorigenesis as cell therapy vehicles. MSCs tend to lose surface receptors for trafficking and have been reported to develop sarcoma in long‐term culture. In this article, we reviewed the current status of MSCs with special emphasis to therapeutic application in bone‐related diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 249–257, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Caveolin expression and activation in retroperitoneal and subcutaneous adipocytes: Influence of a high‐fat diet
Authors: Gómez‐Ruiz Ana , Milagro Fermín I. , Campión Javier , Martínez J. Alfredo , de Miguel Carlos 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe effect of a high‐fat diet on the expression of the three main isoforms of caveolins in adipocytes isolated from rat retroperitoneal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue was investigated. Two distinct phases can be distinguished on a time‐dependent response in adipocytes from both locations. The early stage affects only to retroperitoneal adipocytes and implies caveolin‐1 activation and caveolin‐2 inactivation, together with increased expression of insulin signaling intermediaries. This initial response would be aimed to counterbalance the energy overload. Continued exposure to the high‐fat diet produces an increase in circulating glucose and insulin levels, inducing a late stage in which adipocytes from both locations are affected. This late stage is characterized by general increased caveolin‐1 and caveolin‐2 expression; while on the other hand, the insulin signaling intermediaries are downregulated, with the noticeable exception of GLUT‐4, whose expression remains high. Therefore, it seems that at this stage caveolins and GLUT‐4 are regulated independently of the insulin pathway, through a mechanism that could be mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress associated with obesity. Although this GLUT‐4 upregulation suggests a response against the raise in circulating glucose, this might not be the case, since the developing insulin resistance at this stage indicates a prediabetic state. We have also found that the high‐fat diet is able to induce the expression of muscle‐specific caveolin‐3 in retroperitoneal adipocytes since the initial phase. This observation is similar to what we reported previously in skeletal muscle (Gómez‐Ruiz et al., 2009, FEBS Lett 583:3259–3264), suggesting a similar regulatory mechanism for this isoform. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 206–213, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soil‐carbon turnover under different crop management: Evaluation of RothC‐model predictions under Pannonian climate conditions
Authors: Rampazzo Todorovic Gorana , Stemmer Michael , Tatzber Michael , Katzlberger Christian , Spiegel Heide , Zehetner Franz , Gerzabek Martin H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDespite the importance of soil organic matter (SOM), very few long‐term data concerning soil organic‐C dynamics are available for calibrating and evaluating C models. The long‐term 14C‐turnover field experiment, established in 1967 in Fuchsenbigl, Lower Austria, offers the unique opportunity to follow the fate of labeled C under different crop‐management systems (bare fallow, spring wheat, crop rotation) over a period of more than 35 y. Compared with the crop‐rotation and spring‐wheat treatments, the decline of total organic C was largest in the bare‐fallow treatments, because no significant C input has occurred since 1967. Nonetheless, the decline was not as fast as predicted with the original RothC‐26.3‐model decomposition rate constants. In this work, we therefore calibrated the Roth‐C‐26.3 model for the Pannonian climatic region based on the field‐experiment results. The main adjustment was in the decomposition rate constant for the humified soil C pool (HUM), which was set to 0.009 instead of 0.02 y–1 as determined in the original Rothamsted field trial. This resulted in a higher HUM pool in the calibrated model because of a longer turnover period (111 vs. 50 y). The modeled output based on the calibrated model fitted better to measured values than output obtained with the original Roth‐C‐26.3‐model parameters. Additionally, the original decomposition rate constant for resistant plant material (RPM) was changed from 0.3 to 0.6 y–1 to describe the decomposition of 14C‐labeled straw more accurately. Application of the calibrated model (modified HUM decomposition rate) to simulate removal of crop residues showed that this can entail a long‐term decline of SOM. However, these impacts are strongly dependent on the crop types and on environmental conditions at a given location.
Leaf and canopy optical characteristics as crop‐N‐status indicators for field nitrogen management in corn
Authors: Rambo Lisandro , Ma Bao‐Luo , Xiong Youcai , Regis Ferreira da Silvia Paulo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe primary constraint of predicting the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) for corn (Zea mays L.) is the high variability of soil nitrogen (N) supply due to environments, soil types, manure, and cropping histories. Portable instruments have been developed to measure leaf and canopy optical characteristics for determining plant N status. The objectives of this field study were to: (1) evaluate leaf and canopy optical properties including transmittance, reflectance, and fluorescence as indicators of corn N status with soil types, developmental stages, and N‐application rates, (2) compare the efficiency of two commercial radiometers that are designed to measure canopy reflectance, and (3) assess the constraints of these crop‐based indicators as a possible guide for real‐time N sidedressing in corn. Field experiments with different levels of N, soil types, and corn hybrids were conducted at three sites in Ottawa, ON, Canada, in 2004 and 2005. Leaf chlorophyll concentrations (SPAD chlorophyll meter), chlorophyll fluorescence (OS‐30), leaf area, and canopy reflectance (NDVI measured by CropScan and GreenSeeker radiometers) were simultaneously measured at several growth stages, while grain yield was determined at harvest. Our results show that canopy reflectance (NDVI) displayed similar efficiency as an indicator of N status on both soil types and corn hybrids in the two consecutive years. The chlorophyll readings often differentiated N‐deficient from N‐sufficient plots and therefore were a promising indicator for predicting corn N requirements. The fluorometer device evaluated in this study was unable to characterize corn N status.
Aluminum accumulation in nineteen Melastomataceae species from three contrasting plant formations in acid soils
Authors: Olivares Elizabeth , Colonnello Giuseppe , Peña Eder , Rodriguez Leyda 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study describes the aluminum (Al) accumulation in relation to macronutrient and micronutrient elements in 19 Melastomataceae species in the Guayana Region in Venezuela. The purpose was to investigate the Al accumulation in four tribes and different life forms. Aluminum accumulation was predicted in the basal tribes Miconieae and Merianieae in contrast to the derived tribes and herbs from any tribe, which generally do not accumulate Al. The survey was done in a vegetation continuum, which includes a savanna shrubland, a palm‐swamp community, and an evergreen forest in the Guayana region in southeastern Venezuela. The highest value of soil Al concentration was found in the savanna shrubland, where ten lignified Miconiae and one Merianeae Al accumulators were present. At the forest, the site with highest soil acidity, four Al‐accumulator tree species from Miconiae were found.Miconia lepidotashowed similar Al foliar concentrations in the savanna shrubland and forest, but foliar Ca was lower in the forest, even though it was the site with highest Ca in the soil. At the palm‐swamp community, the Melastomeae shrubMacairea pachyphyllawas found with an Al concentration of 0.59 g kg–1in leaves and 0.16 g kg–1in bark. At the same site, Al accumulation occurred in one Microlicieae species, one Miconieae species, and in the Melastomeae herbsPterogastra divaricata(13.25 g [kg dry mass]–1) andPterolepis trichotoma(17.83 g kg–1). The report of Al hyperaccumulation inP. trichotomais new for the genus, and Al accumulation in herbs is considered exceptional. The foliar Al concentration was positively correlated (p< 0.005) with Fe (r= 0.64,n= 20) and Zn (r= 0.63). The analysis of the relationships between soil Al, Fe, or Zn and the concentrations of these elements in leaves revealed they were not significantly correlated. The results indicate Al hyperaccumulation in two herbaceous Melastoamataceae species and suggest Al accumulation in this life form deserves future research. However, they also confirm the highest number of Al accumulators in lignified species of the ancient tribe Miconiae (14 out of 19 species studied).
Responses of physiological parameters, grain yield, and grain quality to foliar application of potassium nitrate in two contrasting winter wheat cultivars under salinity stress
Authors: Zheng Yanhai , Xu Xianbin , Simmons Matthew , Zhang Chao , Gao Fengju , Li Zengjia 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to test whether foliar application of KNO3 on wheat in the heading stage could reduce salinity‐induced injuries, produce high grain yield, and improve grain quality. Salt‐resistant DK961 and salt‐sensitive JN17 wheat cultivars under 0 or 100 mM–NaCl conditions were foliarly watered with distilled water or a 10 mM–KNO3 solution. The four treatments included: T1 (CK1), 0 mM NaCl + distilled water; T2, 0 mM NaCl + 10 mM KNO3; T3 (CK2), 100 mM NaCl + distilled water; T4, 100 mM NaCl + 10 mM KNO3. The results indicate that there were no differences (p > 0.05) in plant growth, grain yield, and grain quality between T2 and T1 in both cultivars, but these response variables were significantly lower in T3 than in T1. K+ : Na+ ratio, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, grain yield, flour yield, water absorbance, ash content, dough‐development time and dough‐stability time were significantly higher in T4 than in T3, while protein concentration, wet‐gluten concentration, and antioxidant enzyme activities were lower. Although foliar application of KNO3 on JN17 enhanced plant growth, grain yield, and grain quality, these parameters were still lower in T4 than in T1. Our findings suggest that cultivating the salt‐resistant wheat cultivar combined with foliar application of KNO3 at heading stage may alleviate salinity injuries and produce higher grain yield and better grain quality under saline conditions.
CARS temperature measurement in a LOX/CH4 spray flame
Authors: Fabelinsky V. I. , Smirnov V. V. , Stel'makh O. M. , Vereschagin K. A. , Clauss W. , Manfletti C. , Sender J. , Oschwald M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCoherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy has been used to investigate cryogenic liquid oxygen/gaseous methane (LOX/CH4) flames on a medium‐size test facility at a pressure of 0.24 MPa and mass flow of 0.025 kg/s. Single‐shot, broadband CARS spectra with simultaneous detection of the Q‐branches of hydrogen and water molecules were recorded with good signal‐to‐noise ratio. Temperature was deduced from the H2 and H2O CARS profiles. The spatial temperature distribution in a comparatively harsh environment has been measured successfully. The measurements took place in the windowed combustion chamber of the DLR M3 test facility, aiming to provide data for validation of rocket combustor modeling. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Waves around almost periodic arrangements of scatterers: Analysis of positional disorder
Authors: Martin P. A. , Maurel A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMuch is known about the propagation of waves through periodic arrangements of identical scatterers, such as through a photonic crystal. Here, we consider a simple realization: scalar waves through a regular two‐dimensional array of identical small circles. We are interested in the effect of random disorder: the circles remain identical, but their centres are given small random displacements. We derive asymptotic approximations that can be used to quantify the effect of positional disorder. Extension to more complicated problems seems feasible and is expected. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.