bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeat tracheal aspirate cultures in pediatric intensive care patients: Frequency, resistance, and antimicrobial use
Authors: Lyon Edward , Goldman Jennifer , Lee Brian , Campbell Margaret , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Monsees Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the clinical impact and features associated with repeat tracheal aspirate (TA) cultures in children admitted to the intensive care unit.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:A 338-bed freestanding, tertiary pediatric academic medical center with pediatric medical intensive care unit (PICU) and cardiac intensive care units (CICU).Patients:Children ≤18 years of age who were admitted to either the PICU or CICU who had ≥2 TA cultures in a single intensive care admission.Methods:Patients with ≥2 TA cultures between 2018 and 2019 were included in this study. The following information was collected: patient demographics, clinical data summarizing patient condition at the time of culture collection, number of TA cultures per patient, antibiotic usage, and microbiologic data. Descriptive statistics established the frequency of TA collection, time between culturing, clinical reasoning for collection, antibiotic exposure, and development of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO).Results:Sixty-three patients had repeat TA cultures and accounted for 252 TA cultures during the study period. Most patients with repeat TA cultures were admitted to the PICU (71%) and were male (65%). A median of 3 TA cultures per patient were obtained with 50% of repeat cultures occurring within 7 days from the previous culture. Sixty-six percent of patients had the same organism cultured on ≥2 TA cultures. Most antibiotics were not modified or continued to treat the results of the TA culture.Conclusions:Repeat TA cultures frequently show the same pathogens, and results do not often influence antibiotic selection or usage. Repeat TA cultures did demonstrate the development of MDROs.
Cross-sectional relationship between dietary protein intake, energy intake and protein energy wasting in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Han Qianqian , Zhang Rui , Wu Jianping , He Fengyi , Qing Fengchu , Li Wenlu , Chen Chaogang , Yang Qiongqiong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe potential threshold for dietary energy intake (DEI) that might prevent protein-energy wasting (PEW) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is uncertain. The subjects were non-dialysis CKD patients aged ≥ 14 years who were hospitalised from September 2019 to July 2022. PEW was measured by subjective global assessment. DEI and dietary protein intake (DPI) were obtained by 3-d diet recalls. Patients were divided into adequate DEI group and inadequate DEI group according to DEI ≥ 30 or < 30 kcal/kg/d. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline were used in this study. We enrolled 409 patients, with 53·8 % had hypertension and 18·6 % had diabetes. The DEI and DPI were 27·63 (sd 5·79) kcal/kg/d and 1·00 (0·90, 1·20) g/kg/d, respectively. 69·2 % of participants are in the inadequate DEI group. Malnutrition occurred in 18·6 % of patients. Comparing with patients in the adequate DEI group, those in the inadequate DEI group had significantly lower total lymphocyte count, serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and a higher prevalence of PEW. For every 1 kcal/kg/d increase in DEI, the incidence of PEW was reduced by 12·0 % (OR: 0·880, 95 % CI: 0·830, 0·933, P < 0·001). There was a nonlinear curve relationship between DEI and PEW (overall P < 0·001), and DEI ≥ 27·6 kcal/kg/d may have a preventive effect on PEW in CKD. Low DPI was also significantly associated with malnutrition, but not when DEI was adequate. Decreased energy intake may be a more important factor of PEW in CKD than protein intake.
Exploration of the state-of-the-art of maritime transport safety research: a bibliometric and visualised analysis
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Luo Yu , Mou Junmin , Chen Linying , Li Mengxia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMaritime traffic risk is increasing rapidly with the growth of marine traffic volume and construction of marine facilities, water bridges, port development, marine wind farm, etc. Given this emerging trend, this paper presents a bibliometric analysis and mapping of the broad academic literature related to maritime traffic safety, focusing on the influences of international collaborations and knowledge sources on the developments of this research domain. To identify trends, patterns and the knowledge distribution of the research on maritime traffic safety, the visualisation of similarities (VOS) viewer software, the bibliometric analysis, and scientometric mapping of the literature have been performed from the perspectives of publication and citation distribution over time, leading authors, countries (regions), institutions, the corresponding collaboration networks, most cited publications and references, focused research fields and topics, research trend evolution over time, etc. The paper provides a comprehensive and quantitative overview and significant picture representation of the domain's leading and evolutionary trends by employing specific aforementioned bibliometric analysis factors. In addition, by reviewing the evolutionary trends of the journals and the proposed investigated factors, such as the influential works, main research topics, and the research frontiers, this paper reveals the scientific literature's main research objectives and directions that could be addressed and explored in future studies.
Is the working capital channel of the monetary policy quantitatively relevant? A structural estimation approach
Authors: Galindo Gil Hamilton 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Is the working capital channel big, and does it vary across industries? To answer this question, I estimate a dynamic stochastic macro-finance model using firm-level data. In aggregate, I find a partial channel —about three-fourths of firms’ labor bill are borrowed. However, the strength of this channel varies across industries, reaching as low as one-half for retail firms and as high as one for agriculture and construction. This provides evidence that monetary policy could have varying effects across industries through the working capital channel.
Report on ‘Better arguments in Scottish classrooms’
Authors: O'Reilly Mary 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis report describes a new project, ‘Better Arguments’, which seeks to teach learners in Scottish secondary schools about what constitutes a good argument, how to identify a bad argument and how to build their own ‘better’ arguments. The unit of lessons uses extracts from Cicero's Pro Caelio as a means of modelling both good and bad arguments, with the aim of equipping learners with a framework by which they can analyse and evaluate not only Cicero's arguments but arguments generally. By way of background, the report explains the current provision of Classics teaching within Scotland and the challenges facing those who are working to reinstate Latin and Classical Studies, particularly at National Qualification level. In this context, the ‘Better Arguments’ project is one strategy to increase the Classics provision in state schools. The report explains the rationale behind the design and content of the unit and then goes on to highlight the benefits of teaching this unit, especially the educational, cultural and social gains to be made. It identifies some of the potential challenges to the implementation of these lessons and offers some solutions to them. Finally, it considers the ways in which this project might be viewed as a starting point, with suggestions as to how the skills developed here might be further built upon through the use of other classical texts in future units of work.
Magnetization of Ferromanganese Crusts: Geochemical and Magnetic Insights From Rio Grande Rise and Tropic Seamount
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Bin , Koschinsky Andrea , da Silva Gabriel Lucas Xavier , Dantas Rafaela Cardoso , Kuhn Thomas , Millo Christian , Kletetschka Gunther , Jovane Luigi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFerromanganese (FeMn) crusts are Fe and Mn oxides that typically form on deep‐sea elevations by deposition of colloids from seawater. These mineral deposits are considered a source of critical metals and rare earth elements. Besides their potential economic value, FeMn crusts are extremely relevant in ocean science, since their very slow growth rates result in long‐term paleoenvironmental and paleoceanographic records. In this study, we applied geochemical, mineralogical, and magnetic analyses to unravel paleoenvironmental changes at two locations on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean, the Rio Grande Rise in the SW Atlantic and the Tropic Seamount in the NE Atlantic. Our results show that the occurrence of amorphous (non‐crystalline) Fe oxyhydroxides and the absence of Fe oxides in hydrogenetic, non‐phosphatized FeMn crusts prevented the development of primary remanent magnetization. In contrast, phosphatized FeMn crusts may have contained a remanent magnetic signal. Phosphatization resulted from increased primary productivity and occurred at different stages during the growth of the FeMn crusts, leading to suboxic conditions and partial dissolution of pre‐existing, remanence‐carrying magnetic minerals. Carbonate Fluorapatite (CFA) accumulation in the phosphatized layers of FeMn crusts replaced Fe and Mn, decreasing their magnetic content. Thus, magnetic variations do not reflect a primary magnetization but rather result from geochemical alterations. The loss of primary magnetization may hamper the use of FeMn deposits for magnetostratigraphic purposes.
Unsteady Circulation in a Glacial Fjord: A Multiyear Modeling Study of Milne Fiord
Authors: Bonneau Jérémie , Laval Bernard E. , Mueller Derek , Hamilton Andrew K. , Forrest Alexander L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe exchange of heat and freshwater between glaciers and the ocean is dictated by the circulation in glacial fjords and ice shelf cavities. Therefore, our ability to estimate and predict these fluxes depends on our understanding of the circulation mechanisms inside these polar estuaries. Here, we use an exceptionally long observational data set (8+ years) to develop and validate a high‐resolution realistic numerical model of Milne Fiord (Nunavut, Canada), a glacial fjord with an ice shelf at its mouth. Model results show the circulation inside Milne Fiord from 2011 to 2019 is highly three‐dimensional and unsteady. Three distinct circulation modes are identified (eddy, front, barotropic). The shifts between circulation modes are driven by density variations in the offshore coastal current, which restrict vertical stretching, allowing (or not) the coastal current to develop sufficient relative vorticity to enter the fjord. The unsteadiness of the system results in an overturning estuarine circulation with mean velocities ∼50 times smaller than the instantaneous field. Moreover, analysis of the model outputs suggest that at least 2 years of simulation are needed to yield reliable average heat flux estimates in this environment. This work highlights the value of combining long term (>1 year) observations with numerical modeling. This allowed us to uncover the spatial and temporal variability of the system, which impacts how heat and freshwater fluxes can be reliably estimated.
Switching From Subduction Zone Advance to Retreat Explains the Late Paleozoic Evolution of the East Junggar System, Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Miao Yazhou , Zhang Jian , Schulmann Karel , Guy Alexandra , Soejono Igor , Jiang Yingde , Sun Min , Zhang Shuhui , Li Zhiyong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe geodynamic evolution of the East Junggar is examined by means of satellite imaging and field‐based structural studies, U‐Pb zircon geochronology and analysis of potential field geophysical data in the Yemaquan arc and the Dulate back‐arc systems. The northern Yemaquan arc shows a pervasive WNW–ESE steep S1 foliation that is related to the exhumation of Armantai ophiolitic mélange in an F1 antiformal structure. The bedding of the Dulate sequences is folded by N–S‐trending F1 upright folds that are preserved in low strain domains. The timing of D1 is estimated between 310 and 280 Ma. During D2, previously folded Dulate sequences were orthogonally refolded by E–W‐trending F2 upright folds, resulting in Type‐1 basin and dome interference pattern and pervasive E–W trending S2 cleavage zones. The age of D2 is constrained to be 270–250 Ma based on the dating of syn‐tectonic pegmatites and deposition of syn‐orogenic sedimentary rocks. The boundary between the Yemaquan arc and Dulate back‐arc basin experienced reactivation through D2 dextral transpressive shear zones. The D1 fabrics are the consequence of the closure of the Dulate back‐arc basin due to the advancing mode of Kalamaili subduction. Almost orthogonal Permian D2 fabrics were generated by the N–S shortening of the East Junggar and the northward movement of the Junggar Block indenter. This D2 deformation was associated with the anticlockwise rotation of the southern limb of the Mongolian Orocline, the scissor‐like closure of the northerly Mongol‐Okhotsk Ocean and the collision of the Mongolian and the Tarim–North China craton collages.
Bio-synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Trichoderma species against cassava root rot disease
Authors: Thepbandit Wannaporn , Papathoti Narendra Kumar , Hoang Nguyen Huy , Siriwong Supatcharee , Sangpueak Rungthip , Saengchan Chanon , Laemchiab Kansinee , Kiddeejing Dusadee , Tonpho Kodchaphon , Buensanteai Kumrai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCassava root rot disease caused by the fungal pathogens Fusarium solani and Lasiodiplodia theobromae produces severe damages on cassava production. This research was conducted to produce and assess silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by Trichoderma harzianum for reducing root rot disease. The results revealed that using the supernatants of T. harzianum on a silver nitrate solution changed it to reddish color at 48 h, indicating the formation of AgNPs. Further characterization was identified using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). DLS supported that the Z-average size is at 39.79 nm and the mean zeta potential is at − 36.5 mV. SEM revealed the formation of monodispersed spherical shape with a diameter between 60–75 nm. The antibacterial action of AgNPs as an antifungal agent was demonstrated by an observed decrease in the size of the fungal colonies using an increasing concentration of AgNPs until the complete inhibition growth of L. theobromae and F. solani at > 58 µg mL−1 and at ≥ 50 µg mL−1, respectively. At in vitro conditions, the applied AgNPs caused a decrease in the percentage of healthy aerial hyphae of L. theobromae (32.5%) and of F. solani (70.0%) compared to control (100%). The SR-FTIR spectra showed the highest peaks in the first region (3000–2800 cm−1) associated with lipids and fatty acids located at 2962, 2927, and 2854 cm−1 in the AgNPs treated samples. The second region (1700–1450 cm−1) consisting of proteins and peptides revealed the highest peaks at 1658, 1641, and 1548 cm−1 in the AgNPs treated samples. The third region (1300–900 cm−1), which involves nucleic acid, phospholipids, polysaccharides, and carbohydrates, revealed the highest peaks at 1155, 1079, and 1027 cm−1 in the readings from the untreated samples. Finally, the observed root rot severity on cassava roots treated with AgNPs (1.75 ± 0.50) was significantly lower than the control samples (5.00 ± 0.00).
Lacrimal gland Alterations and the Effect of artesunate on experimental induced diabetes rat models and related mechanisms
Authors: Rajbanshi Girju , Li Wei , Nong Xiaolin , Li Yi , Nong Dongxiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiabetic patients are at high risk of developing lacrimal gland dysfunction, and the antimalarial drug artesunate (ART) was recently used to induce experimental-induced diabetes mellitus. This study’s objective is to investigate the lacrimal gland alteration and the effect of ART on experimentally induced diabetes rat models and its related mechanisms. Forty rats were divided into five groups (8 rats/group): healthy control group (HC), diabetic group (DM), 50 mg/kg ART intervention diabetic group [DM + ART (50 mg/kg)], 100 mg/kg ART intervention diabetic group [DM + ART (100 mg/kg)] and 6 U/kg Insulin intervention diabetic group (DM + INS). The morphology of the eyeball and lacrimal gland tissues was determined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, external lacrimal glands were harvested for electronic microscopic examination, NFκB1, and TNF-α protein expression evaluation by immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression analysis by RT-PCR. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes suggest ART intervention has an improved structural effect. Protein expression of NFκB1 in the DM + ART (100 mg/kg) group was decreased. TNF-α significantly decreased in the DM + ART (50 mg/kg) and insulin groups. We concluded that ART improves structural changes in a lacrimal gland in diabetic rats. The present study provides further evidence of the therapeutic effect of ART on the lacrimal gland of diabetic rats by decreasing the expression of NFκB1 and TNF-α.
Supplemental effect of Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM I-4622 probiotic on the laying characteristics and calcium and phosphorus metabolism in laying hens
Authors: Shanmugam Sureshkumar , Barbé Florence , Park Jae Hong , Chevaux Eric , Kim In Ho 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe close link between intestinal microbiota and bone health (‘gut-bone’ axis) has recently been revealed: the modulation of the amount and nature of bacteria present in the intestinal tract has an impact on bone health and calcium (Ca) metabolism. Probiotics are known to favorably impact the intestinal microbiota. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM I-4622 (PA) on laying performance, egg/eggshell quality, Ca metabolism and bone mineralization and resistance in relatively old layers (50 wks old at the beginning of the experiment) during 14 weeks. 480 Hy Line brown layers were divided into 2 groups (CON and PA: 3 layers/rep, 80 rep/group) and fed with a diet formulated to be suboptimal in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) (− 10% of the requirements). The total egg weight was improved by 1.1% overall with PA, related to an improvement of the weight of marketable eggs (+ 0.9%). PA induced a decreased % of downgraded eggs, mainly broken eggs (− 0.4 pts) and FCR improvement (− 0.8% for all eggs, − 0.9% for marketable eggs). PA also led to higher Haugh units (HU: + 7.4%). PA tended to decrease crypt depth after the 14 weeks of supplementation period in the jejunum (− 25.2%) and ileum (− 17.6%). As a consequence, the VH/CD ratio appeared increased by PA at the end of the trial in the jejunum (+ 63.0%) and ileum (+ 48.0%). Ca and P retention were increased by 4 pts following PA supplementation, translating into increased bone hardness (+ 19%), bone cohesiveness (+ 43%) and bone Ca & P (+ 1 pt) for PA-supplemented layers. Blood Ca and P were respectively improved by 5% and 12% with PA. In addition, blood calcitriol and osteocalcin concentrations were respectively improved by + 83% and + 3% in PA group at the end of the trial, compared to CON group. There was no difference between the 2 groups for ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and PTH (parathyroid hormone). PA significantly decreased the expression of the following genes: occludin in the small intestine, calbindin 1 in the ovarian tissue and actin B in the bone. PA therefore improved zootechnical performance of these relatively old layers, and egg quality. The parallel increase in Ca and P in the blood and in the bone following PA supplementation suggests an improvement of the mineral supply for eggshell formation without impacting bone integrity, and even increasing bone resistance.
Double-slit holography—a single-shot lensless imaging technique
Authors: Wicki Flavio , Latychevskaia Tatiana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, we propose a new method for single-shot, high-resolution lensless imaging called double-slit holography. This technique combines the properties of in-line and off-axis holography in one single-shot measurement using the simplest double-slit device: a plate with two apertures. In double-slit holography, a plane wave illuminates the two apertures giving rise to two spherical waves. While diffraction of one spherical wave from a sample positioned behind the first aperture (the object aperture) provides the object wave, the other spherical wave diffracted from the second (reference) aperture provides the reference wave. The resulting interference pattern in the far-field (hologram) combines the properties of an in-line (or Gabor-type) hologram and an off-axis hologram due to the added reference wave from the second aperture. Both the object and reference waves have the same intensity, which ensures high contrast of the hologram. Due to the off-axis scheme, the amplitude and phase distributions of the sample can be directly reconstructed from the hologram, and the twin image can be easily separated. Due to the object wave being the same as in-line holography with a spherical wave, imaging at different magnifications is similarly done by simply adjusting the aperture-to-sample distance. The resolution of the reconstructed object is given by the numerical aperture of the optical setup and the diameter of the reference aperture. It is shown both by theory and simulations that the resolution of the reconstructed object depends on the diameter of the reference wave aperture but does not depend on the diameter of the object aperture. Light optical proof-of-concept experiments are provided. The proposed method can be particularly practical for X-rays, where optical elements such as beam splitters are not available and conventional off-axis holography schemes cannot be realised.
Overcoming resistance to belief revision and correction of misinformation beliefs: psychophysiological and behavioral effects of a counterfactual mindset
Authors: Rose Jacob M. , Ganbold Odkhishig , Rose Anna M. , Thibodeau Jay C. , Rotaru Kristian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn a series of experiments involving beliefs and misinformation beliefs, we find that individuals who are prompted with a counterfactual mindset are significantly more likely to change their existing beliefs when presented with evidence that contradicts their beliefs. While research finds that beliefs that are considered part of one’s identity are highly resistant to change in the face of evidence that challenges these beliefs, four experiments provide evidence that counterfactual generation causes individuals to adjust beliefs and correct misinformation beliefs in response to contradicting evidence. Indeed, we find that a counterfactual mindset was effective in promoting incorporation of accurate facts and causing individuals to revise misinformation beliefs about COVID vaccination safety for a large sample of individuals who have rejected COVID vaccinations. Finally, the results of the psychophysiological experiment reveal that counterfactual generation alters decision makers’ search strategies, increases their cognitive arousal in response to evidence that challenges their beliefs, and increases their desire to seek out disconfirming evidence. Overall, the four experiments indicate that counterfactual generation can effectively activate mindsets that increase individuals’ willingness to evaluate evidence that contradicts their beliefs and adjust their beliefs in response to evidence.