bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Lateral Ankle Laxity Measured via Stress Ultrasonography in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability, Ankle Sprain Copers, and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Croy Theodore , Saliba Susan , Saliba Ethan , Anderson Mark W. , Hertel Jay 
Published: March 2012

Study Design Cross-sectional. Objective To use stress ultrasonography to measure the change in anterior talofibular ligament length during the simulated anterior drawer and ankle inversion stress tests. Background In approximately 30% of individuals, ankle sprains may eventually develop into chronic ankle instability (CAI) with recurrent symptoms. Individuals with CAI and those who have a history of ankle sprain (greater than 1 year prior) without chronic instability (copers) may or may not have mechanical laxity. Methods Sixty subjects (n = 60 ankles) were divided into 3 groups: (1) control subjects without ankle injury history (n = 20; mean ± SD age, 24.8 ± 4.8 years; height, 173.7 ± 9.4 cm; mass, 77.2 ± 19.5 kg), ankle sprain copers (n = 20; mean ± SD age, 22.3 ± 2.9 years; height, 172.8 ± 11.3 cm; mass, 72.4 ± 14.3 kg), and subjects with CAI (n = 20; mean ± SD age, 23.5 ± 4.2 years; height, 174.6 ± 9.6 cm; mass, 74.8 ± 17.3 kg). Ligament length change with the anterior drawer test and end range ankle inversion were calculated from ultrasound images. The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure was used to quantify self-reported function on activities of daily living and sports. Results The anterior drawer test resulted in length changes that were greater (F2,57 = 6.2, P = .004) in the CAI (mean ± SD length change, 15.6% ± 15.1%; P = .006) and the coper groups (14.0% ± 15.9%, P = .016) compared to the control group (1.3% ± 10.7%); however, the length changes for the CAI and coper groups were not different (P = .93). Ankle inversion similarly resulted in greater ligament-length change (F2,57 = 6.5, P = .003) in the CAI (25.3% ± 15.5%, P = .003) and coper groups (20.2% ± 19.6%, P = .039) compared to the control group (7.4% ± 12.9%), with no difference in length change between the coper and CAI groups (P = .59). The CAI group had a lower score on the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure activities of daily living subscale (87.4% ± 13.4%) and sports subscale (74.2% ± 17.8%) compared to the control group (98.8% ± 2.9% and 98.9% ± 3.1%, respectively; P<.0001) and coper group (99.4% ± 1.8% and 94.6% ± 8.8%, respectively; P<.0001). Conclusion Stress ultrasonography identified greater length changes of the anterior talofibular ligament in both the coper and CAI groups compared to the control group. Only subjects with CAI had reductions in self-reported function. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(7):593–600, Epub 23 March 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3923
Development and characterization of 41 novel EST‐SSR markers for Pisum sativum (Leguminosae)
Authors: Xu Sheng‐Chun , Gong Ya‐Ming , Mao Wei‐Hua , Hu Qi‐Zan , Zhang Gu‐Wen , Fu Wan , Xian Qiang‐Qiang 
Published: March 2012

• Premise of the study: Expressed sequence tag (EST)–derived simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed in Pisum sativum for further use in genetic studies and breeding programs.• Methods and Results: Forty‐one novel EST‐SSR primers were developed and characterized for size polymorphism in 32 Pisum sativum individuals from four populations from China. In each population, the number of alleles per locus ranged from one to seven, with observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0 to 0.8889 and 0 to 0.8400, respectively. Furthermore, 53.7% of these markers could be transferred to the related species, Vicia faba.• Conclusions: The developed markers have potential for application in the study of genetic diversity, germplasm appraisal, and marker‐assisted breeding in pea and other legume species.
Development of microsatellite markers for Anadenanthera colubrina (Leguminosae), a neotropical tree species
Authors: Feres Juliana Massimino , Monteiro Mariza , Zucchi Maria I. , Pinheiro José B. , Mestriner Moacyr A. , Alzate‐Marin Ana Lilia 
Published: March 2012

• Premise of the study: We developed and characterized nuclear microsatellite markers for Anadenanthera colubrina, a tropical tree species widely distributed in South America.• Methods and Results: Leaf samples of mature A. colubrina trees, popularly called “angico,” were collected from an area that is greatly impacted by agricultural practices in the region of Ribeirão Preto in São Paulo State in southeastern Brazil. Twenty simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed, 14 of which had polymorphic loci. A total of 96 alleles were detected with an average of 6.86 alleles per polymorphic locus. The expected heterozygosity, calculated at polymorphic loci, ranged from 0.18 to 0.83. Finally, we demonstrated that 18 loci were cross‐amplified in A. peregrina.• Conclusions: A total of 14 polymorphic markers suggest a high potential for genetic diversity, gene flow, and mating system analyses in A. colubrina.
Differential Roles for RIG-I–like Receptors and Nucleic Acid-Sensing TLR Pathways in Controlling a Chronic Viral Infection
Authors: Clingan Jonathan M. , Ostrow Kristin , Hosiawa Karoline A. , Chen Zhijian J. , Matloubian Mehrdad 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The necessity for pathogen recognition of viral infection by the innate immune system in initiating early innate and adaptive host defenses is well documented. However, little is known about the role these receptors play in the maintenance of adaptive immune responses and their contribution to resolution of persistent viral infections. In this study, we demonstrate a nonredundant functional requirement for both nucleic acid-sensing TLRs and RIG-I–like receptors in the control of a mouse model of chronic viral infection. Whereas the RIG-I–like receptor pathway was important for production of type I IFNs and optimal CD8+ T cell responses, nucleic acid-sensing TLRs were largely dispensable. In contrast, optimal anti-viral Ab responses required intact signaling through nucleic acid-sensing TLRs, and the absence of this pathway correlated with less virus-specific Ab and deficient long-term virus control of a chronic infection. Surprisingly, absence of the TLR pathway had only modest effects on Ab production in an acute infection with a closely related virus strain, suggesting that persistent TLR stimulation may be necessary for optimal Ab responses in a chronic infection. These results indicate that innate virus recognition pathways may play critical roles in the outcome of chronic viral infections through distinct mechanisms.
Poly(L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) microporous membranes for medical applications produced with the use of polyethylene glycol as a pore former
Authors: Krok Malgorzata , Pamula Elzbieta 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to prepare microporous poly(L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) membranes by mixing PLGA previously dissolved in methylene chloride with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a pore former. PEGs with different molecular weights of 300, 400, 600, 1000, and 3400 kDa were used. The PEG concentration was fixed at 20–80%, resulting in membranes with increased porosity. The properties of the membranes were characterized by tensile testing, and by SEM, AFM, and FTIR. Solvent evaporation rate from PEG/PLGA blends and PEG solutions was also estimated. Cytocompatibility of the materials in contact with osteoblast‐like MG 63 cells was studied and cell viability and morphology were assessed. SEM evaluation demonstrated that porosity of the membranes can be easily controlled by addition of a defined amount of PEG. The membranes produced with 60% PEG have the most favorable mechanical properties from the point of view of medical applications: tensile strength of 12.6 ± 2.3 MPa, Young's modulus of 0.53 ± 0.08 GPa, and total elongation at break of 56.4% ± 12.3%. The size and distribution of pores in the membranes depend on PEG molecular weight: low‐molecular weight PEG resulted in more homogenous distribution of pores, while high‐molecular weight PEG resulted in asymmetric membranes with the skin on the air‐cured surface. The obtained membranes support cell growth and are promising materials for biological applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Quantitative analysis of photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) datasets using pair‐correlation analysis
Authors: Sengupta Prabuddha , Lippincott‐Schwartz Jennifer 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPointillistic based super‐resolution techniques, such as photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), involve multiple cycles of sequential activation, imaging, and precise localization of single fluorescent molecules. A super‐resolution image, having nanoscopic structural information, is then constructed by compiling all the image sequences. Because the final image resolution is determined by the localization precision of detected single molecules and their density, accurate image reconstruction requires imaging of biological structures labeled with fluorescent molecules at high density. In such image datasets, stochastic variations in photon emission and intervening dark states lead to uncertainties in identification of single molecules. This, in turn, prevents the proper utilization of the wealth of information on molecular distribution and quantity. A recent strategy for overcoming this problem is pair‐correlation analysis applied to PALM. Using rigorous statistical algorithms to estimate the number of detected proteins, this approach allows the spatial organization of molecules to be quantitatively described.
Establishing a New Methodology for Genome Mining and Biosynthesis of Polyketides and Peptides through Yeast Molecular Genetics
Authors: Ishiuchi Kan'ichiro , Nakazawa Takehito , Ookuma Takashi , Sugimoto Satoru , Sato Michio , Tsunematsu Yuta , Ishikawa Noriyasu , Noguchi Hiroshi , Hotta Kinya , Moriya Hisao , Watanabe Kenji 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFungal genome sequencing has revealed many genes coding for biosynthetic enzymes, including polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthetases. However, characterizing these enzymes and identifying the compounds they synthesize remains a challenge, whether the genes are expressed in their original hosts or in more tractable heterologous hosts, such as yeast. Here, we developed a streamlined method for isolating biosynthetic genes from fungal sources and producing bioactive molecules in an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae host strain. We used overlap extension PCR and yeast homologous recombination to clone desired fungal polyketide synthase or a nonribosomal peptide synthetase genes (5–20 kb) into a yeast expression vector quickly and efficiently. This approach was used successfully to clone five polyketide synthases and one nonribosomal peptide synthetase, from various fungal species. Subsequent detailed chemical characterizations of the resulting natural products identified six polyketide and two nonribosomal peptide products, one of which was a new compound. Our system should facilitate investigating uncharacterized fungal biosynthetic genes, identifying novel natural products, and rationally engineering biosynthetic pathways for the production of enzyme analogues possessing modified bioactivity.
Intermolecular Rhodium‐Catalysed Hydroamination of Non‐Activated Olefins: Effect of Olefin, Amine, Phosphine and Phosphonium Salt
Authors: Rodriguez‐Zubiri Mireia , Baudequin Christine , Béthegnies Aurélien , Brunet Jean‐Jacques 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe catalytic system RhCl3⋅3H2O/2P(p‐CH3C6H4)3/65nBu4PI/2I2, which was discovered recently in our research group, allows the highest catalytic activity ever reported for the intermolecular hydroamination of ethylene, 1‐butene, and 1‐hexene with aniline‐type amines (0.3 mol % catalytic precursor) to give the expectedN‐alkyl‐ (N‐ethyl‐,1) andN,N‐dialkyl‐anilines (N,N‐diethyl‐,2) along with 2‐methyl quinolines (3; in the case of ethylene). The effects of time and temperature, as well as the nature of the phosphonium salt, phosphine, and amine on the catalytic activity of this reaction have been studied. This system is particularly efficient for the hydroamination of ethylene with aniline in the presence of 2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (CE*=460) and tri(p‐tolyl)phosphine (CE*=520). Good to excellent activities were also found by combining Wilkinson’s catalysts (RhIcomplexes) withnBu4PI and I2. The simple association of PPh3and I2has been shown to be a very efficient “in‐situ generated” source of I−promoters. *CE (catalytic efficiency)=TON1+2TON2+2TON3.
Seasonal and spatial variations in the scaling and correlation structure of streamflow data
Authors: Özger Mehmet , Mishra Ashok K. , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSeasonal and spatial variability in scaling, correlation and wavelet variance parameter of daily streamflow data were investigated using 56 gauging stations from five basins located in two different climate zones. Multifractal temporal scaling properties were detected using a multiplicative cascade model. The wavelet variance parameter yielded persistence properties of the streamflow time series. Seasonal variations were found to be significant in that winter and spring seasons where large‐scale frontal events are dominant showed higher long‐term correlations and less multifractality than did summer and fall seasons. Coherent spatial variations were apparent. The Neches River basin located in a subtropic humid climate zone exhibited high persistence and long‐term correlation as well as less multifractality as compared with other basins. It is found that larger drainage areas tend to have smaller multifractality and higher persistence structure, and this tendency becomes apparent in regions that receive large amounts of precipitation and decreases towards arid regions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indomethacin‐loaded polymer nanocarriers based on poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐3,9‐divinyl‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxaspiro (5.5) undecane): Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Nita Loredana E. , Chiriac Aurica P. , Nistor Manuela T. , Tartau Liliana 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe study is focused on the development of copolymers based on poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐3,9‐divinyl‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxaspiro [5.5]‐undecane). The macromolecular compounds were synthesized by dispersion polymerization in the presence of the radical initiator 4,4′‐azobis(cyanopentanoic acid) and using sodium lauryl sulfate as tensioactive compound and poly(aspartic acid) (PAS) as protective colloid. PAS presents biocompatibility and biodegradability, and assures the increase of the absorbent character for the new synthesized network, and also, can supplement the hydrogen bonds contributing to the stability of the achieved complexes. The prepared polymeric networks were characterized by FTIR, SEM, and thermogravimetric analyses. The dependence on the pH of the swelling degree equilibrium was also evaluated correlated also with different temperature values. The poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐3,9‐divinyl‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxaspiro [5.5]‐undecane) copolymers were evaluated as matrix for indomethacin (INN) as model drug loaded onto these polymeric networks. The evaluation of the homogeneity distribution of the INN drug in polymeric network was made by near infrared chemical imaging (NIR‐CI) and correspondingly statistical analysis. The pharmacokinetic profile was achieved performing the in vitro release of the INN drug from the polymeric network. The data resulted from the in vivo experimental studies, respectively the biocompatibility tests, somatic nociceptive experimental model (Tail flick test) and visceral nociceptive experimental model (Writhing test)—are also reported in the study. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Interpolation of monthly mean temperatures using cokriging in spherical coordinates
Authors: Aznar J.‐C. , Gloaguen E. , Tapsoba D. , Hachem S. , Caya D. , Bégin Y 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPaleoclimate reconstructions are generally validated on recent periods. To obtain a set of instrumental records at the regional scale, a time series of monthly mean temperatures in Northeastern Canada were interpolated for the 1961–2000 period. Records were provided by 202 meteorological stations. Temperatures derived from a Canadian regional climate model (Climate Model CRCM 4.2.3 from the AMNO domain produced at ∼50 km resolution) were added as secondary information to take into account local heterogeneity and temporal dependencies. Geostatistical interpolation of the measured temperature was calculated using CRCM modelled data as a covariable and then compared to an ordinary kriging performed on a time series of mean temperature anomalies. Spherical distances between locations were calculated taking into account the curvature of the Earth with monthly semivariances being modelled using Cauchy variograms. Mean absolute error values (1.5 ± 1.2 °C) were calculated for the whole period using cross‐validation procedures. Errors were found to have the same order of magnitude in the central part of the study area where few recorded temperatures were available. Monthly mean temperature grids are publicly available through the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (http://url.in.rs/3P). Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Bilateral inverted papilloma of the middle ear with intracranial involvement and malignant transformation: First reported case
Authors: Dingle Isaac , Stachiw Natalka , Bartlett Anne , Lambert Paul 
Published: March 2012

AbstractInverted (Schneiderian) papilloma (IP) is a benign but locally aggressive tumor that is typically located in the sinonasal tract. Middle ear involvement and intracranial extension are rare. We present a patient with a history of a completely resected right nasal cavity IP that returned 7 months later with hearing loss, bilateral aural fullness, and right‐sided facial weakness. Work‐up revealed middle ear IP, and the patient underwent bilateral mastoidectomies. On both sides, the disease caused erosion of the tegmen and was adherent to the underlying dura. There was dehiscence of the carotid canal wall on the left. On the right, the tumor was discovered to have recurred 3 months after initial resection, resulting in complete facial nerve paralysis and trigeminal paresthesias. A right temporal bone resection was undertaken along with neurosurgery. The IP was discovered to have invaded through the dura of the temporal lobe, incase the internal carotid artery, and infiltrate the trigeminal nerve. The facial and vestibulocochlear nerves were sacrificed on the right. Pathology of the right temporal bone revealed malignant transformation to squamous carcinoma. The patient was referred to radiation oncology for postoperative therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case of bilateral IP of the middle ear with intracranial involvement and malignant transformation. Discussion points include: 1) management of middle ear IP, 2) carotid canal wall dehiscence in erosive middle ear disease, 3) aggressive surgical excision in locally destructive middle ear tumors, and 4) the role of radiation therapy in malignant transformation of IP.
RAFT‐mediated batch emulsion polymerization of styrene using poly[N‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐N,N‐dibutylamine hydrochloride] trithiocarbonate as both surfactant and macro‐RAFT agent
Authors: Xu Jianxiong , Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Yaoyao , Zhang Wangqing , Sun Pingchuan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPoly[N‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐N,N‐dibutylamine hydrochloride] trithiocarbonate, which contains the reactive trithiocarbonate group and the appending surface‐active groups, is used as both surfactant and macromolecular reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (macro‐RAFT) agent in batch emulsion polymerization of styrene. Under the conditions at high monomer content of ∼20 wt % and with the molecular weight of the macro‐RAFT agent ranging from 4.0 to 15.0 kg/mol, well‐controlled batch emulsion RAFT polymerization initiated by the hydrophilic 2‐2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride is achieved. The polymerization leads to formation of nano‐sized colloids of the poly[N‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐N,N‐dibutylamine hydrochloride]‐b‐ polystyrene‐b‐poly[N‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐N,N‐dibutylamine hydrochloride] triblock copolymer. The colloids generally have core‐shell structure, in which the hydrophilic block forms the shell and the hydrophobic block forms the core. The molecular weight of the triblock copolymer linearly increases with increase in the monomer conversion, and the values are well‐consistent with the theoretical ones. The molecular weight polydispersity index of the triblock copolymer is below 1.2 at most cases of polymerization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Stereoselective and regioselective propylene polymerization with group 4 bisphenolate ether complexes
Authors: Randoll Sören , Kiesewetter Elizabeth T. , Waymouth Robert M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOctahedral group 4 bisphenolate ether complexes, activated by methylaluminoxane, were tested in propylene polymerization in the presence and absence of diethyl zinc. The resulting polypropylenes were analyzed thoroughly by means of differential scanning calorimetry and 13C NMR techniques. Despite structural similarity of the Hf and Zr complexes, the performance in propylene polymerization differs significantly in terms of productivity, isospecificity, and propensity to incorporate specific regioerrors. These catalysts are capable of generating high‐molecular weight polypropylene (Mn = 130,000–360,000 g/mol) with isotacticities [mmmm] up to 97% and melting points as high as 165 °C when very bulky ligands are used. 13C NMR analysis revealed that the type and the number of regioerrors being incorporated into the polymer chain highly depend on the ligand and the metal. Polymerizations in the presence of diethyl zinc generate saturated low‐molecular weight polypropylenes (Mn = 1700–9900 g/mol) and facilitated an end‐group analysis, which revealed the presence of isobutyl and 2‐methylbutyl groups. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Electro‐conductive double‐network hydrogels
Authors: Kishi Ryoichi , Hiroki Kazuaki , Tominaga Taiki , Sano Ken‐Ichi , Okuzaki Hidenori , Martinez Jose G. , Otero Toribio F. , Osada Yoshihito 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNovel electro‐conductive and mechanically‐tough double network polymer hydrogels (E‐DN gels) were synthesized by polymerization of 3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene in the presence of a double network hydrogel (DN gel) matrix. The E‐DN gels showed not only excellent mechanical performance, having a fracture stress of 1.4–2.1 MPa, but also electrical conductivity as high as 10−3 S cm−1, both under dry and water‐swollen states. The fracture stress and fracture energy of the E‐DN gel was increased by 1.7 and 3.4 times, respectively, as compared with the DN gel. From scanning electron microscope and AFM observations, it was found that electro‐conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was incorporated into DN gel matrix, apparently due to the formation of a poly‐ion complex with sulfonic acid group of the DN gel network. Thus, PEDOT incorporated into the DN gel matrix greatly improves not only electronic conductivity, but also mechanical properties, reinforcing the double network gel matrix. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012