bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α Blockade Abrogates Disease during the Tissue-Damage Effector Phase of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Its Action on APCs
Authors: Thakker Paresh , Marusic Suzana , Stedman Nancy L. , Lee Katherine L. , McKew John C. , Wood Andrew , Goldman Samuel J. , Leach Michael W. , Collins Mary , Kuchroo Vijay K. , Wolf Stanley F. , Clark James D. , Hassan-Zahraee Mina 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) is the rate-limiting enzyme for release of arachidonic acid, which is converted primarily to PGs via the cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 pathways and to leukotrienes via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. We used adoptive transfer and relapsing–remitting forms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, in two different strains of mice (SJL or C57BL/6) to demonstrate that blockade of cPLA2α with a highly specific small-molecule inhibitor during the tissue-damage effector phase abrogates the clinical manifestation of disease. Using the adoptive transfer model in SJL mice, we demonstrated that the blockade of cPLA2α during the effector phase of disease was more efficacious in ameliorating the disease pathogenesis than the blockade of each of the downstream enzymes, cyclooxygenase-1/2 and 5-lipooxygenase. Similarly, blockade of cPLA2α was highly efficacious in ameliorating disease pathogenesis during the effector phase of EAE in the adoptive transfer model of EAE in C57BL/6 mice. Investigation of the mechanism of action indicates that cPLA2α inhibitors act on APCs to diminish their ability to induce Ag-specific effector T cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, cPLA2α inhibitors may prevent activation of CNS-resident microglia and may increase oligodendrocyte survival. Finally, in a relapsing–remitting model of EAE in SJL mice, therapeutic administration of a cPLA2α inhibitor, starting from the peak of disease or during remission, completely protected the mice from subsequent relapses.
Antigen-Specific TGF-β–Induced Regulatory T Cells Secrete Chemokines, Regulate T Cell Trafficking, and Suppress Ongoing Autoimmunity
Authors: Nguyen Thanh-Long M. , Sullivan Nicole L. , Ebel Mark , Teague Ryan M. , DiPaolo Richard J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The ability to regulate ongoing inflammation using regulatory T cells (Tregs) is under intense investigation. Strategies to induce and expand Ag-specific Tregs are being developed, and whether various types of Tregs are suppressive in the inflammatory conditions associated with ongoing disease needs to be determined. In this study, we report that TGF-β–induced Tregs (iTregs) and expanded Tregs specific for a major self-Ag in autoimmune gastritis suppress inflammation and associated pathology when administered late in the process of ongoing disease. Transferred iTregs localized to the stomach, maintained Foxp3 and suppressor functions, and engaged several distinct mechanisms to alleviate disease progression. In addition to suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines in the stomach and preventing the destruction of parietal cells, we show that iTregs secrete numerous chemokines and regulate both iTreg and effector T cell trafficking into the stomach. These data support efforts to use iTregs in therapies to treat autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases and provide novel insight into the biological mechanisms of iTreg-mediated immune suppression.
Selection of Individual VH Genes Occurs at the Pro-B to Pre-B Cell Transition
Authors: Meng Wenzhao , Yunk Lenka , Wang Li-San , Maganty Avinash , Xue Emily , Cohen Philip L. , Eisenberg Robert A. , Weigert Martin G. , Mancini Stephane J. C. , Luning Prak Eline T. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
B cells are subjected to selection at multiple checkpoints during their development. The selection of Ab H chains is difficult to study because of the large diversity of the CDR3. To study the selection of individual Ab H chain V region genes (VH), we performed CDR3 spectratyping of ∼75–300 rearrangements per individual VH in C57BL6/J mice. We measured the fraction of rearrangements that were in-frame in B cell DNA. We demonstrate that individual VHs have different fractions of in-frame rearrangements (IF fractions) ranging from 10 to 90% and that these IF fractions are reproducible in different mice. For most VHs, the IF fraction in pro-B cells approximated 33% and then shifted to the nearly final (mature) B cell value by the cycling pre-B cell stage. The frequency of high in-frame (IF) VH usage increased in cycling pre-B cells compared with that in pro-B cells, whereas this did not occur for low IF VHs. The IF fraction did not shift as much in BCR-expressing B cells and was minimally affected by L chain usage for most VH. High IF clan II/III VHs share more positively charged CDR2 sequences, whereas high IF clan I J558 CDR2 sequences are diverse. These data indicate that individual VHs are subjected to differential selection, that VH IF fraction is mainly established through pre-BCR–mediated selection, that it may operate differently in clan I versus II/III VHs, and that it has a lasting influence on the Ab repertoire.
Increased Circulating Level of the Survival Factor GP88 (Progranulin) in the Serum of Breast Cancer Patients When Compared to Healthy Subjects
Authors: Tkaczuk Katherine Rak , Yue Binbin , Zhan Min , Tait Nancy , Yarlagadda Lavanya , Dai Huifang , Serrero Ginette 
Published: July 2011

IntroductionGP88 (PC-Cell Derived Growth Factor, progranulin) is a glycoprotein overexpressed in breast tumors and involved in their proliferation and survival. Since GP88 is secreted, an exploratory study was established to compare serum GP88 level between breast cancer patients (BC) and healthy volunteers (HV).MethodsAn IRB approved prospective study enrolled 189 stage 1–4 BC patients and 18 HV. GP88 serum concentration was determined by immunoassay.ResultsSerum GP88 level was 28.7+ 5.8 ng/ml in HV and increased to 40.7+ 16.0 ng/ml ( P= 0.007) for stage 1-3 and 45.3 +23.3 ng/ml ( P = 0.0007) for stage 4 BC patients. There was no correlation between the GP88 level and BC characteristics such as age, race, tumor grade, ER, PR and HER-2 expression.ConclusionThese data suggest that serial testing of serum GP88 levels may have value as a circulating biomarker for detection, monitoring and follow up of BC.
Prostiva RF Therapy (Transurethral Needle Ablation): Evaluation of Results from 127 Patients
Authors: Tamai Alado , Aloisi Alberto , Fabrello Miriam 
Published: July 2011

Aims of Study Following the latest guidelines, management of LUTS/BPH includes not only conventional prostatic surgery, but also the minimally invasive treatment (MIT) of symptoms, with great attention given to improvement in the quality of life. One such MIT for BPH is the Prostiva RF Therapy (Transurethral Needle Ablation). The aim of the study was to evaluate the results obtained from 127 patients (pts) treated with Prostiva. Materials and Methods The Prostiva RF Therapy is a MIT indicated in the treatment of BPH<50 gr with no median lobe and with PSA inside normal limits. This procedure employs low-level radio frequency energy delivered from a generator. From October 2004 to January 2009 120 pts (mean age: 64 years) were treated with Prostiva RF Therapy at two Italian centers. International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS), Quality of life (QoL) and Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF5) were compared between baseline and last follow-up. Results Mean FU was 27 months ± 24. At baseline, the mean prostate size was 36.62±16 gr. At enrollment, 70 of 120 pts (58%) were under pharmacological treatment for BPH. 102 pts were treated under spinal anesthesia and 18 under local anesthesia. The total average time of the procedure was 28’. The average number of ablations was 5. Uroflowmetry showed a significant improvement in 67% of pts. 63% reported overall satisfaction with I-PSS and QoL improvement. 25% pts needed further therapies (15% pharmacological, 10% TURP). There were no serious complications, 12% needed prolonged catheterization (max 7 days), 6% experienced transient irritation (max 2 weeks), 5 pts experienced transitory ejaculation disorders, and 1 pt anejaculation. There were no significant differences in IIEF -5 either before or after the procedure. Conclusions In our experience the PT was effective in 66% of treated patients. The procedure was easy, safe and feasible to be carried out under local anesthesia.
The Effelsberg Bonn H I Survey (EBHIS)
Authors: Kerp J. , Winkel B. , Ben Bekhti N. , Flöer L. , Kalberla P.M.W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Effelsberg‐Bonn H I survey (EBHIS) comprises an all‐sky survey north of Dec = –5° of the Milky Way and the local volume out to a red‐shift of z ≃ 0.07. Using state of the art Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) spectrometers it is feasible to cover the 100 MHz bandwidth with 16.384 spectral channels. High speed storage of H I spectra allows us to minimize the degradation by Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) signals. Regular EBHIS survey observations started during the winter season 2008/2009 after extensive system evaluation and verification tests. Until today, we surveyed about 8000 square degrees, focusing during the first all‐sky coverage of the Sloan‐Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) area and the northern extension of the Magellanic stream. The first whole sky coverage will be finished in 2011. Already this first coverage will reach the same sensitivity level as the Parkes Milky Way (GASS) and extragalactic surveys (HIPASS). EBHIS data will be calibrated, stray‐radiation corrected and freely accessible for the scientific community via a webinterface. In this paper we demonstrate the scientific data quality and explore the expected harvest of this new all‐sky survey (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The short‐period low‐mass binary system CC Com revisited
Authors: Köse O. , Kalomeni B. , Keskin V. , Ulaş B. , Yakut K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this study we determined precise orbital and physical parameters of the very short‐period low‐mass contact binary system CC Com. The parameters are obtained by analysis of new CCD data combined with archival spectroscopic data. The physical parameters of the cool and hot components are derived as Mc = 0.717(14) M⊙, Mh = 0.378(8) M⊙, Rc = 0.708(12) R⊙, Rh = 0.530(10) R⊙, Lc = 0.138(12) L⊙, and Lh = 0.085(7) L⊙, respectively, and the distance of the system is estimated as 64(4) pc. The times of minima obtained in this study and with those published before enable us to calculate the mass transfer rate between the components which is 1.6 × 10–8 M⊙ yr–1. Finally, we discuss the possible evolutionary scenario of CC Com (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Steam assisted biomass gasification—an overview
Authors: Kaushal Priyanka , Tyagi Rakesh 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBiomass gasification technologies have matured over the years. In the past decade, numerous types of gasifiers have been developed and tested. This article reviews the status of steam assisted biomass gasifiers. It first discusses the challenges and the key operating parameters for steam‐biomass gasification and their effects on the gasifier performance. The article then summarises the progress and status of commercial or demonstration scale steam assisted biomass gasifiers available in the world.
The atypical thyroid fine‐needle aspiration: Past, present, and future
Authors: Bongiovanni Massimo , Krane Jeffrey F. , Cibas Edmund S. , Faquin William C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThyroid fine‐needle aspiration has developed into a key test in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Although the interpretation of thyroid aspirates containing mild abnormalities is problematic, the introduction of the atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) category in The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) has helped to delineate such cases in a systematic and clinically meaningful manner. Herein the authors review the cytomorphologic features associated with the AUS/FLUS interpretation and summarize the results of studies conducted since the implementation of TBSRTC. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Development of PhSCF2CF2SiMe3as a Tandem Anion and Radical Tetrafluoroethylene Equivalent: Preparation of Tetrafluoroethyl‐Substituted Alcohols and Tetrafluorotetrahydropyrans
Authors: Chernykh Yana , Hlat‐Glembová Katarina , Klepetářová Blanka , Beier Petr 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPhSCF2CF2SiMe3(1) was developed as a tandem anion and radical tetrafluoroethylene equivalent for the introduction of a CF2CF2moiety. Fluoride‐initiated nucleophilic additions of1to carbonyl compounds provide the corresponding alcohol adducts2. Reduction of2gives tetafluoroethyl‐containing alcohols3, whereas 6‐exoradical cyclizations of allyl ethers4yield tetrafluorotetrahydropyrans5.
Electrochemical Activity of Novel Titanium‐Supported Porous Binary Pd‐Ru Particles for Ethanol Oxidation in Alkaline Media
Authors: Yi Qingfeng , Niu Fengjuan , Song Lihong , Liu Xiaoping , Nie Huidong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNovel titanium‐supported porous Pd and binary Pd‐Ru particles, nanoPd, Pd99Ru1, Pd96Ru4, Pd87Ru13, and Pd35Ru65, are obtained by using a hydrothermal method and investigated as electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media. The prepared porous Pd catalyst (nanoPd) exhibits high electroactivity for ethanol oxidation in 1 M NaOH solution and further, introduction of Ru into Pd catalyst, leading to the synthesis of binary Pd99Ru1, Pd96Ru4, Pd87Ru13, and Pd35Ru65 catalysts, enhances the electroactivity for ethanol oxidation. Among the electrocatalysts investigated, the Pd87Ru13 catalyst displays the greatest electrocatalytic activity, which is characterized by the large anodic peak current density of 193.5 mA cm−2 for the positive scan and the most negative onset potential of −0.765 V for ethanol oxidation. Cyclic voltammetric responses show that ethanol oxidation on the Pd87Ru13 catalyst presents a large and wide peak current plateau on the positive‐going potential scan at higher ethanol concentrations and higher potential scan rates. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectra of the Pd87Ru13 catalyst exhibit low values of charge transfer resistances for ethanol oxidation and an obvious decline of impedance values with ethanol concentrations, showing significantly high electrocatalytic activity of the Pd87Ru13 catalyst for ethanol oxidation in alkaline solutions. The prepared binary Pd‐Ru catalysts could be promising alternatives to Pt electrodes applied in alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells.
A streamlined sustainability assessment tool for improved decision making in the urban water industry
Authors: Schulz Matthias , Short Michael D , Peters Gregory M 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Water supply is a key consideration in sustainable urban planning. Ideally, detailed quantitative sustainability assessments are undertaken during the planning stage to inform the decision-making process. In reality, however, the significant time and cost associated with undertaking such detailed environmental and economic assessments is often cited as a barrier to wider implementation of these key decision support tools, particularly for decisions made at the local or regional government level. In an attempt to overcome this barrier of complexity, 4 water service providers in Melbourne, Australia, funded the development of a publicly available streamlined Environmental Sustainability Assessment Tool, which is aimed at a wide range of decision makers to assist them in broadening the type and number of water servicing options that can be considered for greenfield or backlog developments. The Environmental Sustainability Assessment Tool consists of a simple user interface and draws on life cycle inventory data to allow for rapid estimation of the environmental and economic performance of different water servicing scenarios. Scenario options can then be further prioritized by means of an interactive multicriteria analysis. The intent of this article is to identify the key issues to be considered in a streamlined sustainability assessment tool for the urban water industry, and to demonstrate the feasibility of generating accurate life cycle assessments and life cycle costings, using such a tool. We use a real-life case study example consisting of 3 separate scenarios for a planned urban development to show that this kind of tool can emulate life cycle assessments and life cycle costings outcomes obtained through more detailed studies. This simplified approach is aimed at supporting “sustainability thinking” early in the decision-making process, thereby encouraging more sustainable water and sewerage infrastructure solutions. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012;8:183–193. © 2011 SETAC
Regulation of tenascin expression in bone
Authors: Morgan Jessica M. , Wong Alice , Yellowley Clare E. , Genetos Damian C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTenascins regulate cell interaction with the surrounding pericellular matrix. Within bone, tenascins C and W influence osteoblast adhesion and differentiation, although little is known about the regulation of tenascin expression. In this study we examined the effect of osteogenic differentiation, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt growth factors, and mechanical loading on tenascin expression in osteogenic cells. Osteogenic differentiation increased tenascin C (TnC), and decreased tenascin W (TnW), expression. Both growth factors and mechanical loading increased both TnC and TnW expression, albeit via distinct signaling mechanisms. Both BMP‐2 and Wnt5a induction of tenascin expression were mediated by MAP kinases. These data establish a role for BMP, Wnts, and mechanical loading in the regulation of tenascin expression in osteoblasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 3354–3363, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The balance between 4‐hydroxynonenal and intrinsic glutathione/glutathione S‐transferase A4 system may be critical for the epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Uno Kaname , Kato Katsuaki , Kusaka Gen , Asano Naoki , Iijima Katsunori , Shimosegawa Tooru 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOxidative stress might participate in the carcinogenesis of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (hESCC). 4‐Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is a major product of membrane lipid peroxidation with short life. It might act as an important mediator through the generation of adducts and activate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. It is mainly trapped with glutathione (GSH) and catalyzed by glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs). This study aimed to elucidate the possible participation of HNE, GSH/GST system, and EGFR signaling in hESCC development. Immunohistochemistry of HNE adducts, EGFR, and phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) was performed with hESCC specimens. The effect of HNE on the phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream PhospholipaseCγ1 (PLCγ1) was investigated with KYSE30 cell‐line. Pretreatment with GSH inducer N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) or GSH inhibitor Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and mandatory transfection of hGSTA4 gene in KYSE30 were conducted to investigate the relationship between HNE and GSH/GST system. Immunoreactants of HNE adducts, EGFR, and pEGFR were increased in hESCC compared to non‐cancerous epithelium with positive correlations. The treatment of HNE ligand‐independently induced the phosphorylation of EGFR and PLCγ1 accompanying the diminishment of intracellular GSH level. NAC increased GSH contents but BSO decreased in dose‐dependent manners. Reflecting changes in GSH, HNE‐induced EGFR phosphorylation was suppressed by NAC, whereas it was promoted by BSO. Mandatory expression of hGSTA4 suppressed HNE‐induced events. We first demonstrated that the ligand‐independent activation of EGFR by the balance between the stimulation of HNE and the prevention of intrinsic GSH/GST system might participate in the development of hESCC. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developing a Model of Source‐specific Interpersonal Conflict in Health Care
Authors: Guidroz Ashley M. , Wang Mo , Perez Lisa M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNurses work in complex social environments, and conflict may arise with fellow coworkers, their supervisor, physicians or the patients and family they care for. Although much research has documented the negative effects of conflict on nurses, no research to date has examined the comparative effect that conflict from all four sources can have on nurses. The purpose of this study is to test a model of workplace conflict where the negative effect of conflict on nurses will be experienced via emotional exhaustion. We test the mediator model by analysing the cross‐sectional data collected within one hospital (N1 = 182) and cross‐validating those results in a second hospital (N2 = 161). The pattern of results was largely consistent across the two samples indicating support for a mediated model of workplace conflict for physician, supervisor and patient. Conflict with other nurses, however, did not have a relationship with either emotional exhaustion or other personal and organizational outcomes. The theoretical and practical implications of the current findings, as well as the limitations and future research directions, are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cannabinoids modulate spontaneous synaptic activity in retinal ganglion cells
Authors: MIDDLETON T. P. , PROTTI D. A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe endocannabinoid (ECB) system has been found throughout the central nervous system and modulates cell excitability in various forms of short-term plasticity. ECBs and their receptors have also been localized to all retinal cells, and cannabinoid receptor activation has been shown to alter voltage-dependent conductances in several different retinal cell types, suggesting a possible role for cannabinoids in retinal processing. Their effects on synaptic transmission in the mammalian retina, however, have not been previously investigated. Here, we show that exogenous cannabinoids alter spontaneous synaptic transmission onto retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Using whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings in whole-mount retinas, we measured spontaneous postsynaptic currents (SPSCs) in RGCs in adult and young (P14–P21) mice. We found that the addition of an exogenous cannabinoid agonist, WIN55212-2 (5 μM), caused a significant reversible reduction in the frequency of SPSCs. This change, however, did not alter the kinetics of the SPSCs, indicating a presynaptic locus of action. Using blockers to isolate inhibitory or excitatory currents, we found that cannabinoids significantly reduced the release probability of both GABA and glutamate, respectively. While the addition of cannabinoids reduced the frequency of both GABAergic and glutamatergic SPSCs in both young and adult mice, we found that the largest effect was on GABA-mediated currents in young mice. These results suggest that the ECB system may potentially be involved in the modulation of signal transmission in the retina. Furthermore, they suggest that it might play a role in the developmental maturation of synaptic circuits, and that exogenous cannabinoids are likely able to disrupt retinal processing and consequently alter vision.