bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a Resorcylic Acid Lactone (RAL) Library Using Fluorous‐Mixture Synthesis and Profile of its Selectivity Against a Panel of Kinases
Authors: Jogireddy Rajamalleswaramma , Dakas Pierre‐Yves , Valot Gaëlle , Barluenga Sofia , Winssinger Nicolas 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA library of resorcylic acid lactones (RAL) containing a cis‐enone moiety targeting kinases bearing a cysteine residue within the ATP‐binding pocket was prepared using a fluorous‐mixture synthesis and evaluated against a panel of 19 kinases thus providing important structure–activity trends. Two new analogues were then profiled for their selectivity against a panel of 402 kinases providing the broadest evaluation of this pharmacophores’ selectivity.
Synthetic Retinoids: Structure–Activity Relationships
Authors: Barnard Jonathan H. , Collings Jonathan C. , Whiting Andrew , Przyborski Stefan A. , Marder Todd B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRetinoid signalling pathways are involved in numerous processes in cells, particularly those mediating differentiation and apoptosis. The endogenous ligands that bind to the retinoid receptors, namely all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA) and 9‐cis‐retinoic acid, are prone to double‐bond isomerisation and to oxidation by metabolic enzymes, which can have significant and deleterious effects on their activities and selectivities. Many of these problems can be overcome through the use of synthetic retinoids, which are often much more stable, as well as being more active. Modification of their molecular structures can result in retinoids that act as antagonists, rather than agonists, or exhibit a large degree of selectivity for particular retinoid‐receptor isotypes. Several such selective retinoids are likely to be of value as pharmaceutical agents with reduced toxicities, particularly in cancer therapy, as reagents for controlling cell differentiation, and as tools for elucidating the precise roles that specific retinoid signalling pathways play within cells.
Azetidinones as Zinc‐Binding Groups to Design Selective HDAC8 Inhibitors
Authors: Galletti Paola , Quintavalla Arianna , Ventrici Caterina , Giannini Giuseppe , Cabri Walter , Penco Sergio , Gallo Grazia , Vincenti Silvia , Giacomini Daria 
Published: October 2009

Abstract2‐Azetidinones, commonly known as β‐lactams, are well‐known heterocyclic compounds. Herein we described the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel β‐lactams. In vitro inhibition assays against HDAC isoforms showed an interesting isoform‐selectivity of these compounds towards HDAC6 and HDAC8. The isoform selectivity changed in response to modification of the azetidinone‐ring nitrogen atom substituent. The presence of an N‐thiomethyl group is a prerequisite for the activity of these compounds in the micromolar range towards HDAC8.
High content image cytometry in the context of subnuclear organization
Authors: De Vos W. H. , Van Neste L. , Dieriks B. , Joss G. H. , Van Oostveldt P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe organization of proteins in space and time is essential to their function. To accurately quantify subcellular protein characteristics in a population of cells with regard for the stochasticity of events in a natural context, there is a fast‐growing need for image‐based cytometry. Simultaneously, the massive amount of data that is generated by image‐cytometric analyses, calls for tools that enable pattern recognition and automated classification. In this article, we present a general approach for multivariate phenotypic profiling of individual cell nuclei and quantification of subnuclear spots using automated fluorescence mosaic microscopy, optimized image processing tools, and supervised classification. We demonstrate the efficiency of our analysis by determination of differential DNA damage repair patterns in response to genotoxic stress and radiation, and we show the potential of data mining in pinpointing specific phenotypes after transient transfection. The presented approach allowed for systematic analysis of subnuclear features in large image data sets and accurate classification of phenotypes at the level of the single cell. Consequently, this type of nuclear fingerprinting shows potential for high‐throughput applications, such as functional protein assays or drug compound screening. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Significance of cell proliferation markers (Minichromosome maintenance protein 7, topoisomerase IIα and Ki‐67) in cavital fluid cytology: Can we differentiate reactive mesothelial cells from malignant cells?
Authors: Kimura Fumikazu , Kawamura Jumpei , Watanabe Jun , Kamoshida Shingo , Kawai Kenji , Okayasu Isao , Kuwao Sadahito 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether immunocytochemical expressions of proliferation markers, such as minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM 7), topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα), and Ki‐67, in reactive mesothelial cells and malignant cells obtained from cavital fluids could be useful for their differential diagnosis. Samples diagnosed as reactive mesothelial cells (14 cases) or malignant tumors (28 cases) in cavital fluids were examined. Immunocytochemical staining of MCM 7, topo IIα, and Ki‐67 was performed with the universal immunoperoxidase polymer method. In reactive mesothelial cells, MCM 7 was stained in a fine granular pattern and its distribution was uniform in the nuclei. Topo IIα and Ki‐67 were stained in a coarse granular pattern and the distributions were the same as MCM 7. In contrast, in malignant cells, MCM 7 was stained in an irregular and fine granular pattern, and topo IIα and Ki‐67 were stained in a uniform and coarse granular pattern. Labeling indices of MCM 7 (cut‐off value; 30%, sensitivity; 100%, and specificity; 100%), topo IIα (cut‐off value; 15%, sensitivity; 89.3%, and specificity; 92.9%) and Ki‐67 (cut‐off value; 30%, sensitivity; 64.3%, and specificity; 92.9%) of malignant cells were significantly higher than those of reactive mesothelial cells. MCM 7, topo IIα, and Ki‐67 are different types of cell proliferation markers. MCM 7 and topo IIα, in particular, could be reliable tools for differential diagnosis between reactive mesothelial cells and malignant cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First Hexanuclear UIV and ThIV Formate Complexes – Structure and Stability Range in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Takao Shinobu , Takao Koichiro , Kraus Werner , Emmerling Franziska , Scheinost Andreas C. , Bernhard Gert , Hennig Christoph 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe actinide(IV) hexanuclear [M6(μ3‐O)4(μ3‐OH)4(HCOO)12(LT)6] complexes were prepared (LT = H2O or CH3OH). Their structures were investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis and XAFS spectroscopy. HCOO– acts as a bridging ligand, which prevents the formation of polynuclear hydrolysis species like UIV hydrous oxide colloids at least up to pH = 3.25, and stabilizes the nanosized clusters in solution. The charge of the hexamer is balanced by the O/OH ratio of the μ3‐bridges.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
On the birth of ancient civilizations: Comments on a paper by Eric R. Force
Authors: Guo Rongxing 
Published: October 2009

AbstractForce's (2008) theory cannot explain the birth of several major ancient civilizations, including those in Egypt and China. In addition, most of the ancient civilizations considered in Force's research were not primary civilizations and they had been influenced to some extent by other, earlier civilizations. If one considers the world's major primary civilizations, then rivers and their cyclic nature of annual floods—not tectonic plate boundaries and earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions—were a greater catalyst to the birth of the world's oldest civilizations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paleoeskimo site taphonomy: An assessment of the integrity of the Tayara site, Qikirtaq Island, Nunavik, Canada
Authors: Todisco Dominique , Bhiry Najat , Desrosiers Pierre M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA detailed taphonomic study was undertaken at the Tayara site in order to determine the impact of natural processes such as surface water flow on spatial patterning and site formation. The study focused on Paleoeskimo level II, which contains many lithics and significant faunal remains. Level II integrity was assessed through spatial analysis and by examining the size distribution of lithic artifacts and bone orientation. Experimental knapping aimed at replicating Paleoeskimo lithic technology was used to assess the possible size sorting of lithics. The study indicates that artifact burial by water‐laid sediments did not result in a selective impoverishment in small‐sized lithics. Statistically significant lithic concentrations and associations suggest that spatial distribution was not significantly modified by site formation processes. However, slight post‐depositional changes were presumably induced by water flows in the form of statistically significant horizontal bone reorientations. These occurred when gently flowing water inundated bone accumulations without inducing significant washing or sorting of smaller lithic debris. The spatial integrity evaluation of the level II assemblage reveals a low degree of spatial disturbance and disorganization of the material (i.e., limited entropy), which is likely related to low‐energy hydraulic forces and rapid burial soon after Paleoeskimo occupation. The grouping and deposition of much of the occupation debris is likely the result of Paleoeskimo activities (e.g., knapping and butchering), and the lithics and fauna specimens are probably at or very near their original location. These results show the behavioral significance of the grouping and deposition of debris in Tayara's level II. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ceramic production during the Middle Horizon: Wari and Tiwanaku clay procurement in the Moquegua Valley, Peru
Authors: Sharratt Nicola , Golitko Mark , Ryan Williams P. , Dussubieux Laure 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAs the only place simultaneously occupied by the Middle Horizon (A.D. 600–1000) Andean states, the Tiwanaku and the Wari, the Moquegua Valley in southern Peru is of critical importance to understanding relations between the two states. Visual studies of Tiwanaku and Wari ceramics in the valley have elucidated differences in form and decoration. The procurement of raw clays was central to the production of these ceramics, and understanding where people procured their clay may provide insight into the social and economic interactions between these two states. Survey of the Moquegua Valley indicates the extensive availability of raw clays. Results of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) analyses of clays indicate that there is heterogeneity in the chemical signature of the valley's clays and that at least five different clay groups can be distinguished. Comparison of these clays with LA‐ICP‐MS analysis of ceramics from a Tiwanaku site and a Wari site demonstrates that although Tiwanaku and Wari colonists in Moquegua used locally available clays during the Middle Horizon, the clay sources exploited by potters from each state were different and derived from areas located within their respective middle and upper valley territories. This information provides a basis for future chemical analysis of ceramics from the Moquegua Valley and improved understanding of past social and economic interactions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maternal socialization and child temperament as predictors of emotion regulation in Turkish preschoolers
Authors: Yagmurlu Bilge , Altan Ozge 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis study investigated the role of maternal socialization and temperament in Turkish preschool children's emotion regulation. Participants consisted of 145 preschoolers (79 boys, 69 girls; Mage= 62 months), their mothers, and daycare teachers from middle‐high socioeconomic suburbs of Istanbul. Maternal child‐rearing practices and emotion socialization behaviours were examined together as interconnected constituents of parenting in relation to emotion regulation skills in young children. Mothers completed a set of questionnaires that measured their child's emotion regulation and temperament as well as their own emotion socialization and child‐rearing behaviours. Teachers also completed a scale that measured the child's ability to regulate emotions. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that child's reactivity negatively and persistence positively predicted emotion regulation. The interaction of maternal responsiveness and child approach–withdrawal also significantly predicted emotion regulation. Simple slope tests were conducted slicing the data in both directions. In the first instance, for children low in Approach, the simple slope of Responsiveness on emotion regulation score was significantly positive. In contrast, for children high in Approach, the simple slope of Responsiveness on emotion regulation score was not significant. In the second instance, for mothers average in Responsiveness, the simple slope of Approach on emotion regulation score was significantly positive. In contrast, for mothers high in Responsiveness, the simple slope of Approach on emotion regulation was not significant. These findings were considered within an interactional model in which positive parenting and inhibited temperament are significant predictors of emotion regulation in Turkish preschoolers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemosensitivity profile assay of circulating cancer cells: prognostic and predictive value in epithelial tumors
Authors: Gazzaniga Paola , Naso Giuseppe , Gradilone Angela , Cortesi Enrico , Gandini Orietta , Gianni Walter , Fabbri Maria Agnese , Vincenzi Bruno , di Silverio Franco , Frati Luigi , Aglianò Anna Maria , Cristofanilli Massimo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe prognostic value associated with the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic breast cancer by the CellSearch™ technology raise additional issues regarding the biological value of this information. We postulated that a drug‐resistance profile of CTCs may predict response to chemotherapy in cancer patients and therefore could be used for patient selection. One hundred 5 patients with diagnosis of carcinoma were enrolled in a prospective trial. CTCs were isolated from peripheral blood, and positive samples were evaluated for the expression of a panel of genes involved in anticancer drugs resistance. The drug‐resistance profile was correlated with disease‐free survival (DFS; patients in adjuvant setting) and time to progression (TTP; metastatic patients) in a 24‐months follow‐up. Objective response correlation was a secondary end point. Fifty‐one percent of patients were found positive for CTCs while all blood samples from healthy donors were negative. The drug‐resistance profile correlates with DFS and TTP (p < 0.001 in both). Sensitivity of the test: able to predict treatment response in 98% of patients. Specificity of the test: 100%; no sample from healthy subject was positive for the presence of CTCs. Positive and negative predictive values were found to be 96.5 and 100%, respectively. We identified a drug‐resistance profile of CTCs, which is predictive of response to chemotherapy, independent of tumor type and stage of disease. This approach may represent a first step toward the individualization of chemotherapy in cancer patients.
Focal amplifications are associated with high grade and recurrences in stage Ta bladder carcinoma
Authors: Nord Helena , Segersten Ulrika , Sandgren Johanna , Wester Kenneth , Busch Christer , Menzel Uwe , Komorowski Jan , Dumanski Jan P. , Malmström Per‐Uno , de Ståhl Teresita Díaz 
Published: October 2009

AbstractUrinary bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease with tumors ranging from papillary noninvasive (stage Ta) to solid muscle infiltrating tumors (stage T2+). The risk of progression and death for the most frequent diagnosed type, Ta, is low, but the high incidence of recurrences has a significant effect on the patients' quality of life and poses substantial costs for health care systems. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to search for predictive factors of recurrence on the basis of genetic profiling. A clinically well characterized cohort of Ta bladder carcinomas, selected by the presence or absence of recurrences, was evaluated by an integrated analysis of DNA copy number changes and gene expression (clone‐based 32K, respectively, U133Plus2.0 arrays). Only a few chromosomal aberrations have previously been defined in superficial bladder cancer. Surprisingly, the profiling of Ta tumors with a high‐resolution array showed that DNA copy alterations are relatively common in this tumor type. Furthermore, we observed an overrepresentation of focal amplifications within high‐grade and recurrent cases. Known (FGFR3, CCND1, MYC, MDM2) and novel candidate genes were identified within the loci. For example, MYBL2, a nuclear transcription factor involved in cell‐cycle progression; YWHAB, an antiapoptotic protein; and SDC4, an important component of focal adhesions represent interesting candidates detected within two amplicons on chromosome 20, for which DNA amplification correlated with transcript up‐regulation. The observed overrepresentation of amplicons within high‐grade and recurrent cases may be clinically useful for the identification of patients who will benefit from a more aggressive therapy.
Association between obesity and the risk of malignant lymphoma in Japanese: a case–control study
Authors: Kanda Junya , Matsuo Keitaro , Suzuki Takeshi , Hosono Satoyo , Ito Hidemi , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Seto Masao , Morishima Yasuo , Tajima Kazuo , Tanaka Hideo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAlthough marked differences in anthropometric characteristics and malignant lymphoma (ML) incidence suggest that the association between obesity and ML risk in Asian and non‐Asian populations may differ, few studies have investigated this association in Asian populations. Here, we conducted a sex‐ and age‐matched case–control study in a Japanese population using 782 cases and 3,910 noncancer controls in the hospital‐based Epidemiological Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for anthropometric characteristics were estimated using a conditional logistic regression model that incorporated smoking and alcohol intake. Recent body weight and body mass index (BMI) showed marginally significant association with ML risk (ORs [95% CIs] per 5‐unit increase in recent weight and BMI; 1.04 [0.99–1.09] and 1.11 [0.98–1.27], respectively). On the other hand, weight and BMI in early adulthood exhibited a strong association with ML risk (ORs [95% CIs] per 5‐unit increase in early adulthood weight and BMI; 1.11 [1.05–1.18] and 1.33 [1.13–1.55], respectively). Further, in women, a BMI of 25.0–29.9 kg/m2, defined as obesity in Asian populations, during early adulthood was significantly associated with ML risk compared to the normal range of 18.5–22.9 kg/m2. By histological ML subtype, the point estimates of ORs for obesity relative to normal weight in early adulthood were over unity for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) as a whole and significant for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In conclusion, our study in Japanese subjects suggested that early adulthood obesity is associated with the risk of NHL, particularly DLBCL.
Experimental and theoretical studies on corals. I. Toward understanding the origin of color in precious red corals from Raman and IR spectroscopies and DFT calculations
Authors: Kupka Teobald , Lin Hong Ming , Stobiński Leszek , Chen Cheng‐Han , Liou Wei‐Jen , Wrzalik Roman , Flisak Zygmunt 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn attempt to explain the origin of the vivid red color in precious pink and red corals was undertaken. Raman and IR spectroscopies were applied to characterize white, pink and red corals. The position of the Raman signal near 1500 cm−1 of some corals and pearls was associated by several authors with the presence of the mixture of all‐trans‐polyenic pigments, containing 6–16 conjugated CC bonds or β‐carotenoids. This hypothesis was examined theoretically by performing extensive B3LYP‐DFT calculations of vibrational spectra of the model polyenic compounds. The B3LYP/6‐311++G** predicted positions of the dominating Raman mode depend on the number of CC units (Cn parameter) and can be accurately predicted for larger systems from a simple nonlinear fit. The DFT‐predicted Raman activities of these modes are extremely sensitive to Cn, and sharply increase with the number of double bonds. This implies a presence of only—two to three polyenes differing slightly in the number of CC units as the source of color in pink and red corals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convenient Preparation of Biodegradable PEI‐Containing Polymers as Non‐Viral Vectors for Gene Transfection
Authors: Huang Fu‐Wei , Feng Jun , Nie Jun , Cheng Si‐Xue , Zhang Xian‐Zheng , Zhuo Ren‐Xi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPoly(L‐succinimide)‐graft‐polyethylenimines (PSPs) were prepared as non‐viral vectors for gene transfection. Branched polyethylenimine ($\overline M _{\rm w} $ = 800, PEI800) was grafted to poly(L‐succinimide) (PSI) in a one‐step reaction with no catalyst. Gel retardation assay showed that the mobility of PSP/pDNA complexes was completely retarded at the low N/P ratio of 0.42. In vitro transfection experiments showed that, at N/P ratio of 0.84, PSPs can reach the highest transfection level with ten‐fold enhancement in 293T cells and five‐fold enhancement in HeLa cells as compared with PEI25k ($\overline M _{\rm w} $ = 25 000). Fluorescent confocal microscopy showed that pGL‐3 plasmids condensed by PSPs could be effectively transported into the nuclei of HeLa cells. Significantly reduced cytotoxicity of polymers was observed towards 293T and HeLa cells, with the 50% inhibition concentration of PSPs being almost four times higher than that of PEI25k.magnified image
Biodegradable Polymeric Microcarriers with Controllable Porous Structure for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Shi Xudong , Sun Lei , Jiang Jian , Zhang Xiaolin , Ding Wenjun , Gan Zhihua 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPorous microspheres fabricated by biodegradable polymers show great potential as microcarriers for cell cultivation in tissue engineering. Herein biodegradable poly(DL‐lactide) (PLA) was used to fabricate porous microspheres through a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The influence of fabrication parameters, such as the stirring speed of the primary and secondary emulsion, the polymer concentration of the oil phase, and solvent type, as well as the post‐hydrolysis treatment of the porous structure of the PLA microspheres are discussed. Good attachment and an active spread of MG‐63 cells on the microspheres is observed, which indicates that the PLA microspheres with controllable porous structure are of great potential as cell delivery carriers for tissue engineering.magnified image
NMR and conformational studies of new 5‐phenylpyrrole‐carboxamide derivatives
Authors: López‐Cara Luisa C. , de las Infantas M. José Pineda , Carrión M. Dora , Camacho M. Encarnación , Gallo Miguel A. , Espinosa Antonio , Entrena Antonio 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe 1H and 13C NMR resonances of 22 5‐(5‐substituted‐2‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxamides, 22 5‐(5‐substituted‐2‐aminophenyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxamides, and 9 5‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxamides were assigned completely using the concerted application of one‐ and two‐dimensional experiments (DEPT, gs‐HMQC and gs‐HMBC). NOE studies and conformational analysis confirm the preferred conformations of such compounds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.