bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caring, Employment, and Quality of Life: Comparison of Employed and Nonemployed Mothers of Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Chou Yueh-Ching , Pu Cheng-Yun , Kröger Teppo , Fu Li-yeh 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe effects of caregiving on mothers of adults with intellectual disability was examined by determining whether there are differences in quality of life and related factors between mothers with different employment status. Study participants were 302 working-age mothers who had adult children with intellectual disability based on the 2008 census survey on intellectual disability carried out in Hsinchu, City, Taiwan. Results revealed that nonemployed mothers are more likely to have a lower level of health status, including the WHOQOL Physical Health domain, than are mothers employed fulltime. Multiple regression analysis showed that mothers' quality of life was significantly determined by the availability of a person with whom they could share care work, family income, social support, and employment status.
Simulation von regionalen Erdgasverteilnetzen mit unvollständiger Messinfrastruktur
Authors: Hager Torsten , Beck Hans-Peter , Wehrmann Ernst-August 
Published: October 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die Simulation von Erdgasnetzen ist mit den aktuell am Markt verfügbaren Werkzeugen nur dann möglich, wenn alle zu- und abfließenden Gasmengen gemessen sind. Bei regionalen Erdgasverteilnetzen ist diese Prämisse in vielen Fällen nicht erfüllt. Konkret heißt dies, dass nicht alle abfließenden Gasmengen gemessen sind und man daher nicht mit herkömmlichen Simulationssystemen arbeiten kann. Aus diesem Grund wurde an der TU Clausthal eine Methode entwickelt, um die nicht gemessenen Abflussmengen mittels eines sogenannten Knotenlastbeobachters nachzubilden und somit die Netzsimulation zu ermöglichen. In einem aktuellen Projekt wird dieses System für vermaschte Erdgasverteilnetze mit einer größeren Anzahl an Ausspeisungen angepasst.
Sensorunabhängiges Fusionssystem und echtzeitfähige Approximationen auf Basis von probabilistischen Verfahren
Authors: Munz Michael , Mählisch Mirko , Dietmayer Klaus 
Published: October 2010

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird eine generische Sensorfusionsarchitektur vorgestellt, welche ein sensorunabhängiges Fusionsmodul realisiert. Dies wird mit Hilfe einer durchgängigen probabilistischen Modellierung von Objektzustand und Objektexistenz erreicht. Für die Realisierung des Systems ist es wichtig, harte Echtzeitbedingungen einhalten zu können. Zwei hierfür entwickelte echtzeitfähige Approximationen des Verfahrens werden vorgestellt. Die Realisierbarkeit und Echtzeitfähigkeit des Verfahrens wird mit einer Auswertung anhand von Realdaten eines ausgewählten Sensor-Setups in Verkehrs-Szenarien gezeigt.
An Observational Study of an Employer Intervention for Children's Healthy Weight Behaviors
Authors: Sepúlveda Martín-J. , Lu Chifung , Sill Stewart , Young Joyce M. , Edington Dee W. 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE:
This observational study was undertaken to assess whether changes in healthy weight behaviors could be advanced in a short-term intervention involving parents and children at IBM.

METHODS:
IBM's Children's Health Rebate offered a cash incentive for parents to complete a 12-week program of self-selected activities in family food planning and meals, family physical activity, and sedentary time related to electronic entertainment (“screen time”). A preprogram/postprogram comparison of self-reported activities was used to assess behavior change.

RESULTS:
A total of 22 265 (52.3%) employees elected to participate, 11 631 (52.2%) of whom completed all program requirements and earned a $150 cash rebate. Families completing the program reported significant changes in levels of physical activity, amount of entertainment screen time, and proportion of healthy meals. For example, family physical activity &gt;3 times per week increased by 17.1 percentage points (from 23.2% to 40.3%), eating healthy dinners ≥5 days/week increased by 11.8 percentage points (from 74.9% to 86.7%), and entertainment screen time &lt;1 hour/day increased by 8.3 percentage points for children (from 22.4% to 30.7%) and by 6.1 percentage points for adults (from 18.1% to 24.2%).

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of this short-term observational study suggest that healthy weight behaviors in children, adolescents, and parents can be improved by using a Web-based intervention linked with a cash incentive. The results also show that employers can activate parents and support a role for employers in community-based strategies for obesity prevention in children. Experimental designs with biometric data would strengthen the suggestion of positive impact.
Cochlear Implants
Authors: Kirtane MV , Mankekar Gauri , Mohandas Nishita , Patadia Rajesh 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe treatment of bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss has been revolutionized over the past few decades by the development of cochlear implant technology. This review discusses the history, working of a cochlear implant, candidacy criteria for cochlear implant, surgical procedure and postoperative therapy.
Auditory Verbal Therapy
Authors: Chowdhry Jaspal 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Hearing impairment leaves a wide ranging impact on young children and their parents. Early identification and intervention is crucial to a child's development of speech and language. Today, with advanced technology development, we can work from a developmental prospective rather than remedial and corrective. This approach is called auditory verbal therapy (AVT). The aim of this approach is to develop spoken language. So that children can become independent, participating and contributing citizens of mainstream society. Parents play a significance role in individualized auditory verbal therapy as parents and family members are the best people to develop spoken language in the natural listening environment at home. Auditory verbal therapy is an applied science. Objectively measured goals in the areas of audition, speech, language and cognition are set and achieved in individualized sessions with parents as partners in therapy.
Electrically Adjustable, Super Adhesive Force of a Superhydrophobic Aligned MnO2 Nanotube Membrane
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Dan , Fan Hai‐Ming , Luo Jun , Ding Jun , Liu Xiang‐Yang , Zou Bing‐Suo , Feng Yuan‐Ping 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA superhydrophobic membrane of MnO2 nanotube arrays on which a water droplet can be immobilized by application of a small DC bias, despite a large contact angle, is reported. For a 3 μL water droplet, the measured adhesive force increases monotonically with increasing negative voltage, reaching a maximum of 130 μN at 22 V, 25 times the original value. It follows that the nearly spherical water droplet can be controllably pinned on the substrate, even if the substrate is turned upside down. Moreover, the electrically adjustable adhesion is strongly polarity‐dependent: only a five‐fold increase is found when a positive bias of 22 V is applied. This remarkable electrically‐controlled adhesive property is ascribed to the change in contact geometry between the water droplet and MnO2 nanotube array, on which water droplets exhibit the different continuities of three‐phase contact line. As the modulation in this manner is in situ, fast, efficient and environmentally‐friendly, this kind of smart material with electrically adjustable adhesive properties has a wide variety of applications in biotechnology and in lab‐on‐chip devices.
Klimawandel und die Chemie der Atmosphäre – wie wird sich die stratosphärische Ozonschicht entwickeln?
Authors: Dameris Martin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDie Entdeckung des Ozonlochs über dem antarktischen Kontinent überraschte 1985 die Wissenschaft. Wenige Jahre wurde über die Ursachen für die Entstehung des Ozonlochs spekuliert. Bald wurde klar, dass durch die dort vorherrschenden meteorologischen Bedingungen eine besondere Situation entsteht: Sehr niedrige Temperaturen setzen chemische Prozesse in Gang, an deren Ende ein drastischer Abbau von Ozon in Höhen zwischen etwa 15 und 30 km steht. Dabei spielen so genannte polare Stratosphärenwolken eine Schlüsselrolle. Diese Wolken entstehen erst bei Temperaturen unterhalb von etwa 195 K. Heterogene chemische Reaktionen auf den Wolkenpartikeln führen letztlich dazu, dass Ozonmoleküle zerstört werden. Die zukünftige Entwicklung der Ozonschicht hängt aber nicht nur davon ab, wie sich die Konzentrationen Ozon zerstörender Substanzen weiterentwickeln, sondern sie wird in hohem Maße auch vom Klimawandel beeinflusst werden.
The Design of α/β‐Peptides: Study on Three‐Residue Turn Motifs and the Influence of Achiral Glycine on Helix and Turn
Authors: Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Chandramouli Nagula , Basha Shaik Jeelani , Nagendar Pendem , Ramakrishna Kallaganti V. S. , Sarma Akella V. S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNovel three‐residue helix‐turn secondary structures, nucleated by a helix at the N terminus, were generated in peptides that have ‘β‐Caa‐L‐Ala‐L‐Ala,’ ‘β‐Caa‐L‐Ala‐γ‐Caa,’ and ‘β‐Caa‐L‐Ala‐δ‐Caa’ (in which β‐Caa is C‐linked carbo‐β‐amino acid, γ‐Caa is C‐linked carbo‐γ‐amino acid, and δ‐Caa is C‐linked carbo‐δ‐amino acid) at the C terminus. These turn structures are stabilized by 12‐, 14‐, and 15‐membered (mr) hydrogen bonding between NH(i)/CO(i+2) (i+2 is the last residue in the peptide) along with a 7‐mr hydrogen bond between CO(i)/NH(i+2). In addition, a series of α/β‐peptides were designed and synthesized with alternating glycine (Gly) and (S)‐β‐Caa to study the influence of an achiral α‐residue on the helix and helix‐turn structures. In contrast to previous results, the three ‘β–α–β’ residues at the C terminus (α‐residue being Gly) are stabilized by only a 13‐mr forward hydrogen bond, which resembles an α‐turn. Extensive NMR spectroscopic and molecular dynamics (MD) studies were performed to support these observations. The influence of chirality and side chain is also discussed.
Toxic effect of gestational exposure to nonylphenol on F1 male rats
Authors: Jie Xu , Yang Wang , Jie Yu , Hashim Jamal Hisham , Liu Xiao‐Yun , Fan Qi‐Yuan , Yan Li 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine whether gestational exposure to major environmental endocrine‐disrupting chemicals, nonylphenol (NP), would lead to nerve behavioral and learning and memory capacity alterations in the male offspring of rats, and reproductive development alterations in the male offspring of rats. METHODS: Dams were gavaged with NP at a dose level of 50 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day or 200 mg/kg/day daily from gestational day 9 to 15, and at a dose level of 40 mg/kg/day, 80 mg/kg/day or 200 mg/kg/day daily from gestational day 14 to 19 (transplacental exposures). RESULTS: Exposure to 200 mg/kg/day NP produced a significant decrease in learning and memory functions in offspring rats (P<0.05) in Morris water maze task, as demonstrated by the increased escape latency and number of error. In Step‐down Avoidance Test, offspring rats exposed to NP spent more reaction time (RT) and presented lower latency to first step‐down than the control offspring (P<0.01). In utero exposure to 80 and 200 mg/kg/day NP produced a significant decrease in the number of live pups per litter and ratio of anogenital distance to body length on PND 0 (P<0.05), and also testes and prostate weight, activities of ALP, plasma testosterone concentration, cauda epididymis sperm counts, daily sperm production et al. respectively on PND 90 (P<0.05). Histopathological examination of the brain biopsy illustrates that exposure to NP at high dose induces the presence of abnormal distribution of spermatozoa showed in lumina of the seminiferous tubules, and absence of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. CONCLUSION: Gestational exposure to nonylphenol might induce neurotoxic and reproductive toxic effects on F1 male rats. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:418–428, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AdaptiveDc‐optimal designs for dose finding based on a continuous efficacy endpoint
Authors: Padmanabhan S. Krishna , Dragalin Vladimir 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe introduce a new optimal design for dose finding with a continuous efficacy endpoint. This design is studied in the context of a flexible model for the mean of the dose–response. The design incorporates aspects of bothD‐ andc‐optimality and can be used when the study goals under consideration include dose–response estimation, followed by identification of the target dose. Different optimality criteria are considered. Simulations are shown with results comparing our adaptive design to the fixed allocation (without adaptations). We show that both the estimation of dose–response and identification of the minimum effective dose are improved using our design.
Safe and unsafe school spaces: Comparing elementary school student perceptions to common ecological interventions and operationalizations
Authors: Langhout Regina Day , Annear Lori 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThere is a burgeoning literature on school safety in the United States. Often, researchers determine the problem and intervention. Few studies, however, examine how students understand school safety. In this study, elementary school students in the United States (n = 225) marked safe and unsafe school places; this was correlated with other commonly used school safety measures. Results indicate that children have different perceptions of safety based on school location. Additionally, for older children, unsafe places correlated with injury data, adult absence and low levels of territoriality. For younger children, unsafe places were associated with adult absence and referrals. Safe places were places that were more likely to have an adult. Results bring into question some common safety interventions. Implications include working with children to determine what is meant by ‘safe’ and interventions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Series of Vanadogermanates from 1D Chain to 3D Framework Built by Ge–V–O Clusters and Transition‐Metal‐Complex Bridges
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zhang Jie , Fang Wei‐Hui , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThree novel extended vanadogermanates, {[(en)2Cd2Ge8V12O40(OH)8(H2O)][Cd(en)2]2}⋅6 H2O (1), {[Zn2(dap)3][Zn(dap)]2Ge6V15O48(H2O)}[Zn(dap)2(H2O)]2⋅3 H2O (2), and {[Cd3(μ‐dien)2(Hdien)2(H2O)2]Ge4V16O42(OH)4(H2O)}⋅2 H2O (3; en=ethylenediamine, dap=1,2‐diaminopropane, dien=diethylenetriamine), have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, powder XRD, thermogravimetric analysis, and single‐crystal XRD. Their Ge–V–O cluster anions are derived from the V18O42 cluster shell by replacing VO5 square pyramids with Ge2O7 groups. Compound 1 exhibits a 1D sinusoidal chain built up from rare inorganic–organic hybrid dicadmium‐substituted vanadogermanate {[Cd(en)]2V12O40(GeOH)8(H2O)} clusters and [Cd(en)2] complexes. Compound 2 is the first example of a 2D network based on linkage of the unusual {Ge6V15O48(H2O)} clusters and two types of Zn complex fragments. Compound 3 is an unprecedented 3D framework built by {Ge4V16O42(OH)4(H2O)} clusters and rare trinuclear bridging complex cations [Cd3(μ‐dien)2(Hdien)2(H2O)2]8+. Magnetic measurements illustrate that both 1 and 2 have antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between metal centers, whereas 3 exhibits ferrimagnetic behavior, which is rare in polyoxovanadate complexes.
Metal‐Complex/DNA Conjugates: A Versatile Building Block for DNA Nanoarrays
Authors: Ghosh Sumana , Defrancq Eric 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe use of DNA networks as templates for forming nanoarrays of metallic centres shows an exciting potential to generate addressable nanostructures. Inorganic units can be photoactive, electroactive and/or can possess magnetic and catalytic properties and can adopt different spatial arrangements due to their varied coordination nature. All these properties influence both the structure and function of passive DNA scaffolds and provide DNA nanostructures as a new platform for new materials in emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology, biosensing or biocomputing.
Switchable Selectivity during Oxidation of Anilines in a Ball Mill
Authors: Thorwirth Rico , Bernhardt Franziska , Stolle Achim , Ondruschka Bernd , Asghari Jila 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA solvent‐free method for the direct oxidation of anilines to the corresponding azo and azoxy homocoupling products by using a planetary ball mill was developed. Various oxidants and grinding auxiliaries were tested and a variety of substituted anilines were investigated. It was possible to form chemoselectively either azo, azoxy, or the nitro compounds from reaction of aromatic anilines. The selectivity of the solvent‐free reaction is switchable by applying a combination of oxidant and grinding auxiliary. Furthermore, a comparison with other methods of energy input (microwave, classical heating, and ultrasound) highlighted the advantages of the ball mill approach and its high energy efficiency.
Complexation and Extraction of PAHs to the Aqueous Phase with a Dinuclear PtII Diazapyrenium‐Based Metallacycle
Authors: Blanco Víctor , García Marcos D. , Terenzi Alessio , Pía Elena , Fernández‐Mato Antonio , Peinador Carlos , Quintela José M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNew palladium and platinum metallacycles have been synthesized by reaction between a 2,7‐diazapyrenium‐based ligand and PdII and PtII complexes. The inclusion complexes between the metallacycles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in CD3NO2 and D2O were studied by NMR spectroscopy. The structures of the inclusion complexes of the Pt metallacycle as host with pyrene, phenanthrene, and triphenylene were confirmed by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. The association constants between the Pt metallacycle and the selected PAHs were determined in CH3CN following the characteristic charge‐transfer band displayed in their UV/Vis absorption spectrum. Although in aqueous solution all the complexes showed a 1:1 stoichiometry, in CH3CN the Job plot indicated a 2:1 stoichiometry for complexes with triphenylene and benzo[a]pyrene. The estimated association constants in water correlate with the hydrophobicity of the PAH, indicating that hydrophobic forces play an important role in the complexation process.
Fusion Intermediates of HIV‐1 gp41 as Targets for Antibody Production: Design, Synthesis, and HR1–HR2 Complex Purification and Characterization of Generated Antibodies
Authors: Mzoughi Olfa , Gaston Fabrice , Granados Giovana C. , Lakhdar‐Ghazal Faouzi , Giralt Ernest , Bahraoui Elmostafa 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe objective of this project was to study the interaction between HR1 and HR2, the stability of the complex formed, and to characterize the antibodies produced against monomeric HR1 and HR2 peptides as well as the HR1–HR2 complex. In this work, HR1 was mimicked by peptide N36, and HR2 was mimicked by peptide C34L and its analogues C34M2, C34M3, and C34D. Whereas C34M2 and C34M3 are partially composed of D‐amino acids, C34D has same sequence as C34L, but is assembled entirely of D‐amino acids. Using CD analysis, SPR assays, and gel filtration chromatography, we demonstrate the physical interaction between N36 and C34L and its analogues C34M2 and C34M3, but not C34D. We show that the HR1–HR2 complex is formed rapidly (<1 min) and remains stable, as demonstrated by its inability, in contrast to each free peptide, to inhibit the formation of syncytia. To generate antibodies with predetermined specificity against the transiently exposed intermediate that corresponds to the six‐helix bundle structure, purified preformed HR1–HR2 complex was used, in parallel with monomeric HR1 and HR2 peptides, as immunogens in mice. Although the produced antibodies recognize total HIV‐1 envelope glycoproteins in ELISA, they are unable to neutralize HIV‐1‐mediated fusion at 37 °C. However, if the incubation with these antibodies is carried out at 27 °C, a temperature that allows stabilization of the transient intermediate complex, anti‐peptide antibodies are able to bind their corresponding domains in HeLa cells expressing HIV‐1 gp41 in co‐culture with HeLa CD4‐CCR5/CXCR4 during the dynamic mechanism of membrane fusion. In agreement with the latter results, these antibodies, if previously incubated for 2 h at 27 °C, are able to strongly neutralize HIV‐1 entry by membrane fusion, as shown by their ability to block the formation of syncytia.
Primary cardiac lymphoma
Authors: Petrich Adam , Cho Soung Ick , Billett Henny 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) represents a rare subset of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by poor outcomes. The authors aimed to construct a framework of known clinical presentations, diagnostic features, disease complications, treatment, and outcomes to improve prognostication.METHODS:Individual patient data were obtained from defined cases of PCL (1949‐2009) and systematically analyzed.RESULTS:The authors report results of a review of 197 cases of PCL, with half of all cases reported since 1995. Survival was affected by 4 factors: immune status, left ventricular involvement, presence of extra‐cardiac disease, and arrhythmia. Median overall survival (OS) for immunocompromised and immunocompetent was 3.5 months (m) and not reached, respectively (HR 0.29, 95% CI, 0.13‐0.68; P = .004). LV involvement was uncommon (26%) and associated with an OS of only 1m, whereas patients free of LV involvement had a median OS of 22m (HR 0.28, 95% CI, 0.12‐0.64; P = .002). Patients with extracardiac disease had shorter median OS compared with those without (6m vs 22m, HR 0.49, 95% CI, 0.26‐0.91; P = .02). Those patients with an arrhythmia of any type had a median OS that was not reached (n = 55), whereas those without rhythm disturbances (n = 41) had median OS of 6m (HR 0.51, 95% CI, 0.29‐0.91; P = .024). Overall response rate to therapy was 84%, with long‐term OS over 40%.CONCLUSIONS:The current study presents the largest analysis of PCL to date. The data demonstrate that PCL is now more frequently diagnosed premortem and appears to have reasonable response rates. Lack of LV involvement and the presence of arrhythmias are associated with improved survival. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.