bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in psychological symptoms and self‐competencies in non‐suicidal self‐injurious Flemish adolescents
Authors: Baetens Imke , Claes Laurence , Muehlenkamp Jennifer , Grietens Hans , Onghena Patrick 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to examine differences in psychological symptoms and sense of self‐competence between adolescents with and without non‐suicidal self‐injurious behavior. We collected data in a sample of 281 Flemish adolescents. Psychological symptoms and self‐competencies were assessed by means of the Youth Self‐Report (YSR) and NSSI was assessed using the Self‐Harm Inventory (SHI‐22). Results showed significant differences between adolescents with and without NSSI on all psychopathological subscales. Furthermore, adolescents engaging in NSSI reported significantly lower scores on social competence, but equal levels on other competencies. Results revealed that externalizing problems and attention/thought/social problems are significantly associated with NSSI. Results also showed that having a higher score on aggressive behavior or thought problems increases the chance of belonging to the NSSI group; whereas a higher score on the social competence scale decreases the chance of belonging to the NSSI group. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Numerical study of rotational diffusion in sheared semidilute fibre suspension
Authors: Salahuddin Asif , Wu Jingshu , Aidun C. K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFibre-level computer simulation is carried out to study the rotational diffusion and structural evolution of semidilute suspensions of non-Brownian, rigid-rod-like fibres under shear flow in a Newtonian fluid. The analyses use a hybrid approach where the lattice-Boltzmann method is coupled with the external boundary force method. The probability distribution of the orbit constant,$p({C}_{b} )$, in the semidilute regime is predicted with this method. The paper emphasizes assessment of the characteristics of a rotary diffusion model – anisotropic in nature (Koch,Phys. Fluids, vol. 7, 1995, pp. 2086–2088) – when used in suspensions with fibres of different aspect ratios (ranging from${r}_{p} = 16$to$72$) and with different volume concentrations (ranging from${c}_{v} = 7. 58\ensuremath{\times} 1{0}^{\ensuremath{-} 3} $to$6. 14\ensuremath{\times} 1{0}^{\ensuremath{-} 2} $). A measure of the scalar Folgar–Tucker constant,${C}_{I} $, is extracted from the anisotropic diffusivity tensor,$ \mathbisf{C} $. The scalar${C}_{I} $is mostly$O(1{0}^{\ensuremath{-} 4} )$in the semidilute regime and compares very well with the experimental observations of Stover (PhD thesis, School of Chemical Engineering, Cornell University, 1991) and Stover, Koch & Cohen (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 238, 1992, pp. 277–296). The${C}_{I} $values provide substantial numerical evidence that the range of${C}_{I} $(0.0038–0.0165) obtained by Folgar & Tucker (J. Rein. Plast. Compos., vol. 3, 1984, pp. 98–119) in the semidilute regime is actually overly diffusive. The paper also branches out to incorporate anisotropic diffusion (through the use of the Koch model) in the second-order evolution equation for$ \mathbisf{A} $(a second-order orientation tensor). The solution of the evolution equation with the Koch model demonstrates unphysical behaviour at low concentrations. The most plausible explanation for this behaviour is error in the closure approximation; and the use of the Koch model in a spherical harmonics-based method (Montgomery-Smith, Jack & Smith,Compos.A:Appl. Sci. Manuf., vol. 41, 2010, pp. 827–835) to solve for the orientation moments corroborates this claim.
Sources of uncertainty in the IPCC Tier 2 Canadian livestock model
Authors: KARIMI-ZINDASHTY Y. , MACDONALD J. D. , DESJARDINS R. L. , WORTH D. E. , HUTCHINSON J. J. , VERGÉ X. P. C. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYEstimates of uncertainties are essential when comparing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a variety of sources. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) was applied to estimate the uncertainties in methane emissions and the methane emission intensities from livestock in Canada, calculated using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology. National methane emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management in 2008 were 21·2 and 4·3 Teragram CO2 equivalents (Tg CO2e) with uncertainties of 38 and 73%, respectively. The methane emission intensities (kg of CO2e per kg of live animal weight) were 5·9, 0·9 and 4·9 from Canadian beef, swine and lamb, respectively, with overall uncertainties of 44, 99 and 101%, defined as the 95% confidence interval relative to the mean. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated that IPCC default parameters such as the methane conversion rate (Ym), the coefficient for calculating net energy for maintenance (Cfi) and the methane conversion factor (MCF) were the greatest sources of uncertainty. Canadian agricultural methane emissions are usually calculated by province and by animal subcategories. However, the IPCC default parameters can be assumed to be correlated among regions and animal subcategories; therefore values are assigned at the national scale for the main cattle categories (dairy and non-dairy cattle). When it was assumed that these parameters were uncorrelated at the regional scale, the overall uncertainties were reduced to 20 and 48% for enteric fermentation and manure management, respectively, and assuming that parameters were uncorrelated at the animal subcategory scale reduced uncertainties to 13 and 41% for enteric fermentation and manure management, respectively. When the uncertainty is assigned at the most disaggregated level, even doubling the uncertainty of key parameters such as Ym and Cfi, only increased the national uncertainties to 22 and 52% for enteric fermentation and manure management, respectively. The current analysis demonstrated the importance of obtaining parameters specific to regions and animal subcategories in order to estimate GHG emissions more accurately and to reduce the uncertainties in agricultural GHG inventories. It also showed that assumptions made in the calculation of uncertainties can have a large influence on the uncertainty estimates.
Renaissance treatises on ‘successful ageing’
Authors: GILLEARD CHRIS 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTNumerous treatises on ‘successful ageing’ were published during the late Renaissance. Zerbi'sGerontocomiaand Cornaro'sTrattato della Vita Sobria, in particular, have been considered as early precursors of modern gerontology. In this paper I revisit these two treatises, outline their content and common themes, and set them in the context of other literature written about ageing in this period. The rise of civic humanism, increased access to classical texts on health and hygiene, and the emergence of environmental and public health concerns, particularly in the Italian city states, are some of the factors that influenced this writing. The powerful yet insecure position of older men in the upper ranks of Italian society gave the topic of ‘seniority’ added relevance. While their roots in the scholastic tradition prevent them from serving as forerunners of scientific gerontology, their humanist concern with ‘lifestyle’ succeeds in making them the prototypes of the ‘do-it-yourself’ manuals for successful ageing that now proliferate in our late modernity.
Density, frequency and the expressive phonology of children with phonological delay
Authors: GIERUT JUDITH A. , MORRISETTE MICHELE L. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe effect of word-level variables on expressive phonology has not been widely studied, although the properties of words likely bear on the emergence of sound structure (Stoel-Gammon, 2011). Eight preschoolers, diagnosed with phonological delay, were assigned to treatment to experimentally induce gains in expressive phonology. Erred sounds were taught using stimulus words that varied orthogonally in neighborhood density and word frequency as the independent variables. Generalization was the dependent variable, defined as production accuracy of treated and untreated (erred) sounds. Blocked comparisons showed that dense neighborhoods triggered greater generalization, but frequency did not have a clear differential effect. Orthogonal comparisons revealed graded effects, with frequent words from dense neighborhoods being optimal for generalization. The results contrast with prior literature, which has reported a sparse neighborhood advantage for children with phonological delay. There is a suggestion that children with phonological delay require greater than usual cue redundancy and convergence to prompt expressive phonological learning.
Detecting cohomology classes for the proper LS category. The case of semistable 3-manifolds
Authors: CÁRDENAS MANUEL , LASHERAS FRANCISCO F. , QUINTERO ANTONIO 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe give sufficient conditions for the existence of detecting elements for the Lusternik–Schnirelmann category in proper homotopy. As an application we determine the proper LS category of some semistable one-ended open 3-manifolds.
The spatial distribution of illegal logging in the Anavilhanas archipelago (Central Amazonia) and logging impacts on species
Authors: SCABIN ANDRESSA BÁRBARA , COSTA FLÁVIA REGINA CAPELLOTTO , SCHÖNGART JOCHEN 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYAmazonia is one of the world's leading suppliers of timber and the Amazonian timber industry is an important source of regional income, however the economic benefits of this market are associated with environmental damage, mainly when the wood is removed illegally. The Anavilhanas National Park, located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas, has been subjected to illegal logging and elaboration of control programmes requires knowledge of the distribution of timber species and the intensity of logging. This study examines the density and growth rate of the five most harvested tree species in the Park, the spatial distribution of illegal logging operations and their effects on population structure. In total, 2332 trees with diameter at breast height greater than 10 cm, as well as stumps of cut trees, were sampled, and dendrochronology was used to estimate growth rates. Some size classes ofVirola surinamensistrees and species within the family Lauraceae decreased in abundance as harvesting intensity increased. Growth rates of the most abundant species of Lauraceae,Ocotea cymbarum, were high, indicating stands may recover quickly when harvesting stops. The population structure ofCalophyllum brasilienseshowed no negative effects due to logging, but its low growth rate and stand distribution suggest that continued exploitation may endanger these populations. Logging had no detectable negative effects on the size structure of populations ofMacrolobium acaciifoliumorHeveaspp., and their high growth rates suggest that they will not be threatened by current logging rates. Overall growth rates in the Anavilhanas archipelago are higher than those recorded in other black-water floodplain forest (igapó). Logging of most species (except Lauraceae spp., which have the highest market value) is concentrated in the southern region of the Park, which has more human settlements close by. There was no general relationship between harvesting intensity and geographic distance to human settlements, but there was a tendency for harvesting to be higher in sites with concentrations of trees of high market value. Potential strategies to control illegal logging activities in the Anavilhanas archipelago include encouragement of sustainable logging in Park buffer zones and stimulation of ecotourism initiatives in the southern region of the Park. Ecotourism development can provide an economic alternative to illegal logging for local communities and inhibit logging by increasing vigilance.
Outcomes of interventional electrophysiology in children under 2 years of age
Authors: Turner Christian J. , Lau Kai C. , Sholler Gary F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundDespite the increasing utilisation of interventional electrophysiology in adults and older children with arrhythmias, there are few data reflecting the safety and efficacy of this procedure in the age group under 2 years.AimWe describe our experience in assessing the efficacy and safety with this group of children.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective review of all infants under 2 years of age who underwent an interventional electrophysiology procedure between 1995 and 2009 to determine indications, procedural details, short- and long-term success, and complication rate.ResultsA total of 23 interventional electrophysiology procedures were performed in 17 patients initially under 2 years of age. Of these, three patients had congenital heart disease. The most common indication was arrhythmia resistant to pharmacological agents (59%), with the remaining cases being arrhythmia complicated by cardiovascular instability (41%). There was initial success in 15 patients after the first procedure, with early recurrence in four. Following six repeat procedures, there was long-term success in 15 patients (88%), with three repeat procedures being performed after 2 years of age. There was one non-procedural death related to persisting arrhythmia. There were three minor complications. In one patient, cryotherapy was used successfully.ConclusionsThe interventional electrophysiology procedure is a viable therapeutic option in infants under 2 years with arrhythmia resistant to other conventional medical management.
Interventional treatment of critical coarctation of the aorta in an extremely low birth weight preterm neonate
Authors: Dryzek Pawel , Goreczny Sebastian , Kopala Marek 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe authors describe successful balloon angioplasty of aortic coarctation in a preterm neonate weighing 670 grams. The intervention was performed in an open incubator to ensure stable temperature comfort and to minimise the risk of hypothermia during the procedure of obtaining surgical vessel access, performing balloon angioplasty, and closure of the wound.
Using Contextual Analyses to Examine the Meaning of Neuropsychological Variables Across Samples of English-Speaking and Spanish-Speaking Older Adults
Authors: Siedlecki Karen L. , Rundek Tatjana , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Sacco Ralph L. , Stern Yaakov , Wright Clinton B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe meanings of several target neuropsychological variables, including measures of executive functioning, were examined using contextual analysis across a sample of English-speakers and a sample of Spanish-speakers. Results of the contextual analysis, which examined the contributions of the latent constructs of memory, psychomotor speed, visual spatial ability, and knowledge and comprehension, to the target neuropsychological variables indicate that each of the target variables likely reflects the unique contribution of several reference abilities. These findings provide evidence that the neuropsychological variables are multi-dimensional. The patterns of relations were similar across the samples of English and Spanish speakers. (JINS, 2012, 18, 223–233)
Organic no-tillage system effects on soybean, corn and irrigated tomato production and economic performance in Iowa, USA
Authors: Delate Kathleen , Cwach Daniel , Chase Craig 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNovel technologies to reduce tillage in organic systems include a no-tillage roller/crimper for terminating cover crops prior to commercial crop planting. The objective of this experiment was to compare: (1) weed management and yield effects of organic tilled and no-tillage systems for corn (Zea maysL.), soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] and irrigated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill.), using a roller/crimper and two cover crop combinations [hairy vetch/rye (Vicia villosaRoth/Secale cerealeL.) and winter wheat/Austrian winter pea (Triticum vulgareL./Pisum sativumL. ssp.arvense(L.) Poir.)]; and (2) the economic performance of each system. Weed management ranged from fair to excellent in the organic no-tillage system for soybean and tomato crops, with the rye/hairy vetch mulch generally providing the most weed suppression. Corn suffered from low rainfall, competition from weeds and hairy vetch re-growth and, potentially, low soil nitrogen (N) from lack of supplemental fertilization and N immobilization during cover crop decomposition. No-tillage corn yields averaged 5618 and 634 kg ha−1in 2006 and 2007, respectively, which was 42–92% lower than tilled corn. No-tillage soybeans in 2007 averaged 2793 kg ha−1compared to 3170 kg ha−1for tilled soybeans, although no-tillage yields were 48% of tilled yields in the dry year of 2006. Irrigated tomato yields averaged 40 t ha−1in 2006 and 63 t ha−1in 2007, with no statistical differences among tillage treatments. Economic analysis for the three crops revealed additional cover crop seed and management costs in the no-tillage system. Average organic corn returns to management were US$1028 and US$2466 ha−1greater in the tilled system compared to the no-tillage system in 2006 and 2007, respectively, which resulted mainly from the dramatically lower no-tillage yields. No-tillage soybean returns to management were negative in 2006, averaging US$ −14 ha−1, compared to US$742 ha−1for tilled soybeans. However, in 2007, no-tillage soybean returns averaged US$1096 ha−1. The 2007 no-tillage irrigated tomato returns to management averaged US$53,515 compared to US$55,515 in the tilled system. Overall, the organic no-tillage soybean and irrigated tomato system demonstrated some promise for reducing tillage in organic systems, but until economic benefits from soil carbon enhancement can be included for no-tillage systems, soil improvements probably cannot offset the economic losses in no-tillage systems. Irrigation could improve the performance of the no-tillage system in dry years, especially if grain crops are rotated with a high-value irrigated tomato crop.
Interferometric Studies of Low-Mass Protostars
Authors: Jørgensen Jes K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWith the advances in high angular resolution (sub)millimeter observations of low-mass protostars, windows of opportunities are opening up for very detailed studies of the molecular structure of star forming regions on wide range of spatial scales. Deeply embedded protostars provide an important laboratory to study the chemistry of star formation – providing the link between dense regions in molecular clouds from which stars are formed, i.e., the initial conditions and the end product in terms of, e.g., disk and planet formation. High angular resolution observations at (sub)millimeter wavelengths provide an important tool for studying the chemical composition of such low-mass protostars. They for example constrain the spatial molecular abundance variations – and can thereby identify which species are useful tracers of different components of the protostars at different evolutionary stages. In this review I discuss the possibilities and limitations of using high angular resolution (sub)millimeter interferometric observations for studying the chemical evolution of low-mass protostars – with a particular keen eye toward near-future ALMA observations.
Chemical History of Molecules in Circumstellar Disks
Authors: Visser Ruud , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Doty Steven D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe chemical composition of a protoplanetary disk is determined not only by in situ chemical processes during the disk phase, but also by the history of the gas and dust before it accreted from the natal envelope. In order to understand the disk's chemical composition at the time of planet formation, especially in the midplane, one has to go back in time and retrace the chemistry to the molecular cloud that collapsed to form the disk and the central star. Here we present a new astrochemical model that aims to do just that. The model follows the core collapse and disk formation in two dimensions, which turns out to be a critical upgrade over older collapse models. We predict chemical stratification in the disk due to different physical conditions encountered along different streamlines. We argue that the disk-envelope accretion shock does not play a significant role for the material in the disk at the end of the collapse phase. Finally, our model suggests that complex organic species are formed on the grain surfaces at temperatures of 20 to 40 K, rather than in the gas phase in the T > 100 K hot corino.
Komorbide Belastungen bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen mit ADHS
Authors: Schmidt Sören , Brähler Elmar , Petermann Franz , Koglin Ute 
Published: December 2011

Zusammenfassung.ADHS ist eine Lebensspannenerkrankung, die zu erheblichen Beeinträchtigungen im Alltag des Betroffenen führt und häufig mit komorbiden Störungen einhergeht. Die Ausprägung der Symptome variiert altersgruppenspezifisch und gerade der Übergang vom Jugend- in das Erwachsenenalter gilt als besonders sensible Phase. Um das Ausmaß komorbider Störungen bei ADHS zu untersuchen, wurden, basierend auf einer bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Stichprobe, N = 328 Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene in drei unterschiedliche Altersgruppen (14–17 Jahre; 18–21 Jahre; 22–25 Jahre) eingeteilt. Mittels zweifaktorieller multivariater Ko-Varianzanalysen wurde der Einfluss von Altersgruppenzugehörigkeit und ADHS-Ausprägung auf das Ausmaß psychischer Belastung ermittelt. Es tritt ein signifikanter Haupteffekt für den Faktor ADHS auf, nicht aber für Altersgruppe oder die Interaktion beider Faktoren auf. Auf Skalenebene wird deutlich, dass ADHS einen stabilen negativen Einfluss auf die psychische Befindlichkeit in allen Altersgruppen ausübt und eine Interaktion zwischen dem Alter und ADHS, bezogen auf soziale Unterstützung und der Lebenszufriedenheit, besteht. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf eine altersinvariante stabile Beeinträchtigung durch ADHS hin. Dabei lässt sich zwar feststellen, dass sich die Ausprägungen für soziale Unterstützung und Lebenszufriedenheit im Gruppenvergleich annähern, die ADHS-Betroffenen aber eine deutlich höhere Belastung angeben als Nicht-Betroffene. Dies hat Einfluss auf die therapeutische Unterstützung und unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit, den Fokus – neben der symptomatologischen Behandlung – auch auf weitere psychische Belastungsfaktoren zu legen.
Frost flowers growing in the Arctic ocean‐atmosphere–sea ice–snow interface: 2. Mercury exchange between the atmosphere, snow, and frost flowers
Authors: Sherman Laura S. , Blum Joel D. , Douglas Thomas A. , Steffen Alexandra 
Published: December 2011

Frost flowers are ice crystals that grow on refreezing sea ice leads in Polar Regions by wicking brine from the sea ice surface and accumulating vapor phase condensate. These crystals contain high concentrations of mercury (Hg) and are believed to be a source of reactive halogens, but their role in Hg cycling and impact on the fate of Hg deposited during atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) are not well understood. We collected frost flowers growing on refreezing sea ice near Barrow, Alaska (U.S.A.) during an AMDE in March 2009 and measured Hg concentrations and Hg stable isotope ratios in these samples to determine the origin of Hg associated with the crystals. We observed decreasing Δ199Hg values in the crystals as they grew from new wet frost flowers (mean Δ199Hg = 0.77 ± 0.13‰, 1 s.d.) to older dry frost flowers (mean Δ199Hg = 0.10 ± 0.05‰, 1 s.d.). Over the same time period, mean Hg concentrations in these samples increased from 131 ± 6 ng/L (1 s.d.) to 180 ± 28 ng/L (1 s.d.). Coupled with a previous study of Hg isotopic fractionation during AMDEs, these results suggest that Hg initially deposited to the local snowpack was subsequently reemitted during photochemical reduction reactions and ultimately accumulated on the frost flowers. As a result of this process, frost flowers may lead to enhanced local retention of Hg deposited during AMDEs and may increase Hg loading to the Arctic Ocean.