bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palliative (farewell) culture in shared housing arrangements
Authors: Walter Carola , Lex Katharina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Shared housing arrangements (SHA) are alternatives to long-term care facilities for care-dependent people. The collective perspective of nursing professionals working in SHA in dealing with death and dying is missing in recent studies. This study aimed to investigate the perspective of professionals concerning a palliative (farewell) culture in SHA.

Methods
In this study two group discussions were conducted with nurses and nursing assistants working in SHA. Data were analyzed using the documentary method, with the aim of working out the professional orientation framework concerning a collective palliative culture.

Results
Nurses enable a palliative (farewell) culture. This leads to the fact that hospice services are not used in these SHA. The distance to relatives as well as a short dying process or incomplete dying support can make a successful palliative culture difficult. Depending on the conscious assumption of responsibility for a palliative culture in the nursing concept of SHA, death and dying are discussed at an early stage with the relatives and care-dependent people.

Discussion
The constantly progressing palliative culture in SHA is based on nurses’ experiences, general practitioners (GP) and relatives. The family carers’ role is ambiguous. If they do what they are supposed to do from the professional nurses’ point of view and are closely connected to the nurses, they are viewed positively and as enablers of a palliative culture. If family carers’ responsibilities are not communicated and they are not in close contact with professional nurses, they are viewed as opponents of a palliative culture. The GPs are seen as enablers of a palliative culture in both discussions. A timely discussion on what might happen in the end of life phase, formalized or not, helps all involved groups to be prepared.
Automated detection of cognitive impairment in clinical practice
Authors: Busch Robyn M. , Hogue Olivia , Postle Abagail F. , Floden Darlene P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
Cognitive impairment is now recognized as an impending public health crisis. About one-third of adults are concerned about their cognition, and the prevalence of objective cognitive impairment is much higher among those with neurological disorders. Existing screening tools are narrowly focused on detecting dementia in older adults and must be clinician-administered and scored, making them impractical for many neurology practices. This study examined the utility of a brief, self-administered, computerized cognitive screening tool, the Brief Assessment of Cognitive Health (BACH), in identifying cognitive impairment in adults.

Methods
912 adults (ages 18–84) completed BACH and a neuropsychological battery. Multivariable models were developed to provide a BACH index score reflecting the probability of cognitive impairment for individual patients. Predictive accuracy was compared to that of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in a subset of 160 older adults from a Memory Disorders clinic.

Results
The final multivariable model showed good accuracy in identifying cognitively impaired individuals (c = 0·77). Compared to MoCA, BACH had superior predictive accuracy in identifying older patients with cognitive impairment (c = 0·79 vs. 0·67) as well as differentiating those with MCI or dementia from those without cognitive impairment (c = 0·86 vs. c = 0·67).

Conclusions
Results suggest that cognitive impairment can be identified in adults using a brief, self-administered, automated cognitive screening tool, and BACH provides several advantages over existing screeners: self-administered; automatic scoring; immediate results in health record; easily interpretable score; utility in wide range of patients; and flags for treatable factors that may contribute to cognitive complaints (i.e., depression, sleep problems, and stress).
Shortfalls of free autologous internal limiting membrane transplantation for highly myopic refractory macular holes in a long term follow-up
Authors: Carlà Matteo Mario , Mateo Carlos 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study is to evaluate long-term anatomical and functional outcomes of autologous internal limiting membrane (ILM) transplantation in refractory highly myopic macular holes (HMMHs).

Methods
Retrospective interventional analysis of 13 eyes with refractory HMMH undergoing autologous ILM transplantation with gas tamponade. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, Snellen), optical coherence tomography and fundus photography were scheduled at baseline and every follow-up visit (1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 months and the most recent). Preoperatively, we collected minimum linear diameter (MLD) and basal diameter (BD). Post-operatively, rates of external limiting membrane (ELM)/ellipsoid zone (EZ) restoration, excessive gliosis and subfoveal retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) atrophy were evaluated.

Results
Average AXL was 31.45 ± 2.07 mm and mean follow-up was 47.2 ± 31.4 months. Anatomical success was reached in 7/13 eyes (54%), while 2 cases showed persisting HMMH, 2 cases had early recurrence and 2 cases late recurrence. BCVA went from 0.19 ± 0.18 to 0.22 ± 0.20 at final follow-up (p = 0.64), improving in 5/13 eyes (38%). One eye showed continuous ELM and EZ lines, while another eye showed an irregular ELM but no EZ. Post-operatively, 5 eyes (71%) developed progressive atrophy of the subfoveal RPE, while excessive gliosis was reported in 3 eyes (43%). Furthermore, one patient developed post-operative chronic macular edema-like changes in the perifoveal area.

Conclusion
Autologous ILM transplantation showed controversial anatomical outcomes and and poor visual results in refractory HMMH. Moreover, progressive subfoveal patchy atrophy and excessive gliosis are possible post-operative complications.
Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and poorly differentiated rhabdomyosarcomas of the urinary bladder in adults—A comparative analysis in favor of a common histogenesis
Authors: Bahlinger Veronika , Stoehr Robert , Hartmann Arndt , Hes Ondřej , Agaimy Abbas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the urinary bladder in adults and elderly is an exceptionally rare neoplasm that displays poorly differentiated solid (alveolar-like) small cell pattern, frequently indistinguishable from small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC). However, the histogenesis of RMS and SCNEC and their inter-relationship have not been well studied and remained controversial. We herein analyzed 23 SCNEC and 3 small round cell RMS of the bladder for neuroendocrine (synaptophysin + chromogranin A) and myogenic (desmin + myogenin) marker expression and for TERT promoter mutations. In addition, the RMS cohort and one SCNEC that was revised to RMS were tested for gene fusions using targeted RNA sequencing (TruSight Illumina Panel which includes FOXO1 and most of RMS-related other genes). Overall, significant expression of myogenin and desmin was observed in one of 23 original SCNEC justifying a revised diagnosis to RMS. On the other hand, diffuse expression of synaptophysin was noted in 2 of the 4 RMS, but chromogranin A was not expressed in 3 RMS tested. TERT promoter mutations were detected in 15 of 22 (68%) SCNEC and in two of three (67%) assessable RMS cases, respectively. None of the four RMS cases had gene fusions. Our data highlights phenotypic and genetic overlap between SCNEC and RMS of the urinary bladder. High frequency of TERT promoter mutations in SCNEC is in line with their presumable urothelial origin. In addition, the presence of TERT promoter mutation in 2 of 3 RMS and lack of FOXO1 and other gene fusions in all 4 RMSs suggest a mucosal (urothelial) origin, probably representing extensive monomorphic rhabdomyoblastic transdifferentiation in SCNEC.
Long-term outcomes and prognosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the head and neck: a cohort from a single institution
Authors: Shi Xinqi , Huang Xiaodong , Wang Kai , Qu Yuan , Chen Xuesong , Wu Runye , Zhang Ye , Zhang Jianghu , Luo Jingwei , Wang Jingbo , Yi Junlin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Neuroendocrine neoplasm is a rare cancer of head and neck. This study aimed to evaluate clinical features, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors of neuroendocrine neoplasm of head and neck treated at a single institution.

Methods
Between Nov 2000 and Nov 2021, ninety-three patients diagnosed with neuroendocrine neoplasms of head and neck treated at our institution were reviewed retrospectively. The initial treatments included chemotherapy (induction, adjuvant, or concurrent) combined with radiotherapy in 40 patients (C + RT group), surgery followed by post-operative RT in 34 (S + RT group), and surgery plus salvage therapy in 19 patients (S + Sa group).

Results
The median follow-up time was 64.5 months. 5-year overall survival rate (OS), progression-free survival rate (PFS), loco-regional relapse-free survival free rate (LRRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival rate (DMFS) were 64.5%, 51.6%, 66.6%, and 62.1%, respectively. For stage I–II, the 5-year LRRFS for patients’ treatment regimen with or without radiotherapy (C + RT and S + RT groups versus S + Sa group) was 75.0% versus 12.7% (p = 0.015) while for stage III–IV, the 5-year LRRFS was 77.8% versus 50.0% (p = 0.006). The 5-year DMFS values for patients with or without systemic therapy (C + RT group versus S + RT or S + Sa) were 71.2% and 51.5% (p = 0.075). 44 patients (47.3%) experienced treatment failure and distant metastasis was the main failure pattern.

Conclusions
Radiotherapy improved local–regional control and played an important role in the management of HNNENs. The optimal treatment regimen for HNNENs remains the combination of local and systemic treatments.
On the Dominant of the Multicut Polytope
Authors: Chimani Markus , Juhnke Martina , Nover Alexander 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGiven a graph $$G=(V,E)$$

G
=
(
V
,
E
)

and a set $$S \subseteq \left( {\begin{array}{c}V\\ 2\end{array}}\right) $$

S
⊆

V

2

of terminal pairs, the minimum multicut problem asks for a minimum edge set $$\delta \subseteq E$$

δ
⊆
E

such that there is no s-t-path in $$G -\delta $$

G
-
δ

for any $$\{s,t\}\in S$$

{
s
,
t
}
∈
S

. For $$|S|=1$$

|
S
|
=
1

this is the well known s-t-cut problem, but in general the minimum multicut problem is NP-complete, even if the input graph is a tree. The multicut polytope $$\textsc {MultC}^\square (G,S)$$

M

U
L
T
C

□

(
G
,
S
)

is the convex hull of all multicuts in G; the multicut dominant is given by $$\textsc {MultC}(G,S)=\textsc {MultC}^\square (G,S)+\mathbb {R}^E_{{\ge 0}}$$

M

U
L
T
C

(
G
,
S
)

=
M

U
L
T
C

□

(
G
,
S
)

+

R

≥
0

E

. The latter is the relevant object for the minimization problem. While polyhedra associated to several cut problems have been studied intensively there is only little knowledge for multicut. We investigate properties of the multicut dominant and in particular derive results on liftings of facet-defining inequalities. This yields a classification of all facet-defining path- and edge inequalities. Moreover, we investigate the effect of graph operations such as node splitting, edge subdivisions, and edge contractions on the multicut-dominant and its facet-defining inequalities. In addition, we introduce facet-defining inequalities supported on stars, trees, and cycles and show that the former two can be separated in polynomial time when the input graph is a tree.
Machine learning assisted discovery of effective viscous material laws for shear-thinning fiber suspensions
Authors: Sterr Benedikt , Hrymak Andrew , Schneider Matti , Böhlke Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, we combine a Fast Fourier Transform based computational approach and a supervised machine learning strategy to discover models for the anisotropic effective viscosity of shear-thinning fiber suspensions. Using the Fast Fourier Transform based computational approach, we study the effects of the fiber orientation state and the imposed macroscopic shear rate tensor on the effective viscosity for a broad range of shear rates of engineering process interest. We visualize the effective viscosity in three dimensions and find that the anisotropy of the effective viscosity and its shear rate dependence vary strongly with the fiber orientation state. Combining the results of this work with insights from literature, we formulate four requirements a model of the effective viscosity should satisfy for shear-thinning fiber suspensions with a Cross-type matrix fluid. Furthermore, we introduce four model candidates with differing numbers of parameters and different theoretical motivations, and use supervised machine learning techniques for non-convex optimization to identify parameter sets for the model candidates. By doing so, we leverage the flexibility of automatic differentiation and the robustness of gradient based, supervised machine learning. Finally, we identify the most suitable model by comparing the prediction accuracy of the model candidates on the fiber orientation triangle, and find that multiple models predict the anisotropic shear-thinning behavior to engineering accuracy over a broad range of shear rates.
A general-purpose IGA mesh generation method: NURBS Surface-to-Volume Guided Mesh Generation
Authors: Kuraishi Takashi , Takizawa Kenji , Tezduyar Tayfun E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe NURBS Surface-to-Volume Guided Mesh Generation (NSVGMG) is a general-purpose mesh generation method, introduced to increase the scope of isogeometric analysis in computing complex-geometry problems. In the NSVGMG, NURBS patch surface meshes serve as guides in generating the patch volume meshes. The interior control points are determined independent of each other, with only a small subset of the surface control points playing a role in determining each interior point. In the updated version of the NSVGMG we are introducing in this article, in the process of determining the location of an interior point in a parametric direction, more weight is given to the closer guides, with the closeness measured along the guides in the other parametric directions. Tests with 2D and 3D shapes show the effectiveness of the NSVGMG in generating good quality meshes, and the robustness of the updated NSVGMG even in mesh generation for complex shapes with distorted boundaries.
Artificial neural network evaluation of concrete performance exposed to elevated temperature with destructive–non-destructive tests
Authors: Demir Tuba , Duranay Zeynep Bala , Demirel Bahar , Yildirim Busra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, it is aimed to predict the performance of concretes obtained by using supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) before and after high temperature using artificial neural network. Thus, in addition to contributing to sustainable development and circular economy by using waste materials in concrete production, predicting concrete strength using artificial neural network without the need for experimental studies will provide a great advantage in practice. In addition, it will also contribute to the literature in terms of determining the optimum amount of metakaolin to be used with fly ash in concrete production. Metakaolin, silica fume and fly ash were used as SCM in different proportions in concrete mixes. Accordingly, a total of 22 concrete series were prepared, one of which was the control series. Porosity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, pressure and tensile strength tests were applied to the series at the end of 7th, 28th and 90th curing periods before high temperature. In order to determine the strength losses after elevated temperature, porosity and compressive strength tests were applied at temperatures of 400, 600 and 800 °C. Mineral additive series showed positive mechanical properties up to 20%. However, it has been observed that the use of fly ash after a certain rate causes a decrease in strength. After elevated temperature, strength loss was observed in all series due to the increase in temperature, while it was observed that the rate of being affected by elevated temperature decreased as the percentage of metakaolin increased. Optimum mineral additive usage percentages were determined as 10% fly ash and 15% metakaolin. On the other hand, the use of mineral additives above the optimum level caused the performance of the concrete to decrease. Then, the concrete compression strengths obtained at 7th, 28th, and 90th days and at 400, 600 and 800 °C temperatures are taken as the outputs of the ANN. The artificial neural network provided the closest results to experimental data. Moreover, to prove the predictive performance of ANN, a comparative analysis was made with GPR, SVM and LR and the smallest value of the RMSE value is obtained with the ANN model. Finally, a fivefold cross-validation criteria was used to objectively present the performance of the model.
Fluctuations and failure in granular materials: theory and numerical simulations
Authors: La Ragione Luigi , Recchia Giuseppina , Darve Felix , Nicot Francois , Wautier Antoine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe consider a dense aggregate of elastic, frictional particles isotropically compressed and next uniaxial strained at constant pressure. We show how failure can be predicted if fluctuations in the kinematics of contacting particles are introduced. We focus on the second order work and the possibility that at some stressed states it becomes negative under proper perturbations. Our analysis involves both a theoretical model and numerical simulations based upon the distinct element method (DEM). The theoretical model deals with contacting particles with incremental relative displacements that deviate from the average deformation in order to ensure their equilibrium. Because of this, the macroscopic stiffness tensor of the aggregate, that relates increments in stress with increments in strain, does not have the major symmetry. Consequently, in the hardening regime, we predict stressed states in which the second order work vanishes. The model seems transparent, and it makes clear and illustrative the role played by the fluctuations introduced in the kinematics of contacting particles in relation to the vanishing of second order work in an aggregate of compressed particles. The comparison with numerical simulations data supports the model.
Graphical Abstract
Statistical representation of the aggregate: conditional average.
Are lateralized and bold fish optimistic or pessimistic?
Authors: Berlinghieri F. , Rizzuto G. , Kruizinga L. , Riedstra B. , Groothuis TGG. , Brown C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cognitive bias is defined as the influence of emotions on cognitive processes. The concept of the cognitive judgement bias has its origins in human psychology but has been applied to animals over the past 2 decades. In this study we were interested in determining if laterality and personality traits, which are known to influence learning style, might also be correlated with a cognitive bias in the three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We used the judgement bias test with the go/no-go procedure where fish were first trained to discriminate between a black and white card and, after reaching a minimum learning criterion, tested their response to an ambiguous card (grey). Optimistic subjects were expected to have a high expectation of reward associated with an ambiguous stimulus, whereas pessimistic subjects a high expectation of non-reward. We used an emergence and a mirror test to quantify boldness and laterality, respectively. We hypothesised that male, bolder and more strongly lateralized fish would be more optimistic than female, shy and less strongly lateralised fish. We found that males and more strongly lateralized fish were more optimistic than females and less strongly lateralized fish. In addition, bold males were more optimistic than shy males as we predicted, but females showed the opposite pattern. Finally, fish trained on the black colour card learned the training task faster than those trained on a white card. Our results indicate that both laterality and personality traits are linked to animals’ internal states (pessimistic or optimistic outlooks) which likely has broad implications for understanding animal behaviour particularly in a welfare context.
Two Decades of Publications in Journals Dedicated to Autoimmunity: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Autoimmunity Field from 2004 to 2023
Authors: Tao Sha-Sha , Tang Jian , Yang Xiao-Ke , Fang Xi , Luo Qing-Qing , Xu Yi-Qing , Ge Man , Ye Fan , Wang Peng , Pan Hai-Feng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo carry out an in-depth analysis of the scientific research on autoimmunity, we performed the first bibliometric analysis focusing on publications in journals dedicated to autoimmunity (JDTA) indexed by science citation index during the period 2004–2023. Using bibliometric analysis, we quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed the country, institution, author, reference and keywords information of publications in JDTA, so as to understand the quantity, publication pattern and publication characteristics of these publications. The co-occurrence networks, clustering map and timeline map were created by CiteSpace and VOSviewer software to visualize the results. The CiteSpace was also used to analyze the strongest citation burst of keywords, which could describe the frequency, intensity and time period of high-frequency keywords, and indicate the research hotspots in the field. A total of 5 710 publications were analyzed, and their annual distribution number was basically stable from 2004 to 2023, fluctuating around 300. The United States and Italy led the way in terms of the number of publications, followed by France and China. For international cooperation, the developed countries represented by the United States cooperate more closely, but the cooperation was localized, reflecting that there was no unified model of autoimmunity among countries. UDICE-French Research Universities had the greatest number of publications. Subsequently, the number of publications decreased slowly with the ranking, and the gradient was not large. Eric Gershwin and Yehuda Shoenfeld stood out among the authors. They had an excellent academic reputation and great influence in the field of autoimmunity. The results of keyword analysis showed that JDTA publications mainly studied a variety of autoimmune diseases, especially SLE and RA. At the same time, JDTA publications also paid special attention to the research of cell function, autoantibody expression, animal experiments, disease activity, pathogenesis and treatment. This study is the first to analyze the publications in JDTA from multiple indicators by bibliometrics, thus providing new insights into the research hotspots and development trends in the field of autoimmunity.
Projection free methods on product domains
Authors: Bomze Immanuel , Rinaldi Francesco , Zeffiro Damiano 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProjection-free block-coordinate methods avoid high computational cost per iteration, and at the same time exploit the particular problem structure of product domains. Frank–Wolfe-like approaches rank among the most popular ones of this type. However, as observed in the literature, there was a gap between the classical Frank–Wolfe theory and the block-coordinate case, with no guarantees of linear convergence rates even for strongly convex objectives in the latter. Moreover, most of previous research concentrated on convex objectives. This study now deals also with the non-convex case and reduces above-mentioned theory gap, in combining a new, fully developed convergence theory with novel active set identification results which ensure that inherent sparsity of solutions can be exploited in an efficient way. Preliminary numerical experiments seem to justify our approach and also show promising results for obtaining global solutions in the non-convex case.