bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Consequences of Non‐Optimal Birth Characteristics
Authors: Sydsjö Gunilla 
Published: July 2011

Citation Sydsjö G. Long‐term Consequences of Non‐Optimal Birth Characteristics. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66 (Suppl. 1): 81–87Problem  The intrauterine milieu, gestational length as well as size at birth have a profound impact on the individual’s mental, physical health and development both in childhood as well as in adult life.Method of study  This paper reviews the associations between preterm birth and restricted fetal growth with neuro‐developmental sequelae, including increased symptoms of psychiatric disorder in childhood and early adulthood. There is also evidence that physical morbidity such as the metabolic syndrome is more common in adult life. In addition, preterm birth and restricted fetal growth have been shown to be related to respiratory disease, infectious disease, and even malignancy. Morbidity, mental and physical as well as personality/intellectual traits hugely impact on family planning and reproductive performance in adults. As restricted fetal growth may alter organ structure and functions, it is likely to also influence subsequent fertility and/or reproductive health.Results  Individuals with non‐optimal birth characteristics appears to have a reduction in childbearing and a deviant reproduction pattern compared to controls.Conclusion  Future studies with sophisticated models for measuring the most vulnerable period of birth for children who have a low birth weight or who are at risk for being born preterm are needed to be able to explore the underlying biological mechanisms and also to plan for prevention as well as for interventions during pregnancy.
Regulatory T Helper Cells in Pregnancy and their Roles in Systemic versus Local Immune Tolerance
Authors: Ernerudh Jan , Berg Göran , Mjösberg Jenny 
Published: July 2011

Citation Ernerudh J, Berg G, Mjösberg J. Regulatory T Helper Cells in Pregnancy and their Roles in Systemic versus Local Immune Tolerance. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66 (Suppl. 1): 31–43Problem  During pregnancy, the maternal immune system needs to adapt in order not to reject the semi‐allogenic fetus.Method  In this review, we describe and discuss the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells in fetal tolerance.Results  Treg cells constitute a T helper lineage that is derived from thymus (natural Treg cells) or is induced in the periphery (induced Treg cells). Treg cells are enriched at the fetal‐maternal interface, showing a suppressive phenotype. In contrast, Treg cells are not increased in the circulation of pregnant women, and the suppressive capacity is similar to that in non‐pregnant women. However, aberrations in Treg frequencies and functions, both systemically and in the uterus, may be involved in the complications of pregnancy.Conclusion  Treg cells seem to have distinguished roles locally versus systemically, based on their distribution and phenotype.
Are oral and dental diseases linked to cancer?
Authors: Meurman JH , Bascones‐Martinez A 
Published: July 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 779–784Objective:  Infection and inflammation play a role in carcinogenesis, and highly prevalent oral and dental diseases have been significantly linked to some types of cancer. This article reviews current literature in this area.Materials and Methods:  Open literature review using the PubMed database and focused on publications from 2000 to 2010.Results:  Numerous potential mechanisms are implicated in the oral disease/carcinogenesis paradigm, including infection‐ and inflammation‐associated cell pathology and microbial carcinogen metabolism. Poor oral hygiene is associated with oral cancer, but there is also evidence of a possible link between oral or dental infections and malignancies in general.Conclusion:  Oral infections may trigger malignant transformation in tissues of the mouth and other organs. However, scientific evidence to date remains weak and further well‐conducted studies are warranted before cancer can be properly added to the list of oral infection‐related systemic diseases.
Three Studies in Literature and Medicine: Reading, Writing, Performance and Empathy
Authors: Howell Jessica , Matharu Kabir , McIntyre Marilyn , Mimran Masha 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThese essays may be seen as representing three main contemporary approaches to literature and medicine research: the educational, therapeutic and theoretical. Kabir Matharu’s piece discusses the applications of literary study in a medical education setting; Marilyn McIntyre’s piece shows the therapeutic value of poetry, and its unique ability to capture experiences of illness; and Masha Mimran’s piece uses literary criticism to interpret both medical and fictional texts. By grouping these three essays together, we hope to show the commonality and complementarity between research done by scholars in the Medical Humanities from disparate disciplinary backgrounds: all three attempt to break down the boundaries between medical diagnosis and lived human experience. One can best appreciate this project by keeping in mind the empathic process, which links the mind and body, intellect and emotion, creativity and interpretation.
The Post‐9/11 Hero
Authors: Jankowski Eileen 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFollowing the September 11, 2001 attacks on New York City’s Twin Towers, America and the world seemed to shift in and out of focus as people and governments grappled with the unreality of this very real event. Artists, too, sought ways to express the angst and confusion of the attack itself, as well as the debate over the sometimes controversial steps taken both to protect and avenge in its aftermath.Among these artistic responses we find an unusual number of treatments of the Anglo‐Saxon poem Beowulf appearing, particularly between 2005 and 2007. This article focuses on one of those productions, Sturla Gunnarsson’s 2006 film “Beowulf & Grendel,” starring Gerard Butler, tracing the ways this adaptation of the poem captures the essence of the original text while questioning the origin and nature of violence, heroism, and honor; the danger in demonizing the ‘other’; and the proper exercise of power in a society marked by random violence. Given the ruptured social and political climate post‐9/11, it is perhaps not surprising that Gunnarsson and screenwriter Andrew Rai Berzin turned to a classic poem involving monsters, heroes, violence, and death to explore the complicated relationships among these issues evident both in the 10th and 21st centuries.
‘I'm older and more interested in my community’: Older people's contributions to social capital
Authors: Hodgkin Suzanne 
Published: July 2011

Aim:  To explore and compare older people's contributions to social capital in a large rural community.Methods:  Data were collected from a large representative sample (n= 1431), through a social capital questionnaire. The survey was cross‐sectional and measured frequency of participation across different age cohorts in informal social activities, group activities and community and civic activities.Results:  Age and life stage pattern proved to be a factor in determining the types of activities people were involved in. While younger people were more involved in social participation that involved public places or group and sporting events, older people, particularly those in the retirement age group of 60–69 were more involved in community and civic activities.Conclusion:  Older people living in non‐metropolitan areas are not only recipients of social capital. Their considerable involvement in volunteer groups, service clubs, church groups and local government demonstrates significant involvement in civic and community life.
Dual endothelin receptor blockade with tezosentan markedly attenuates hypoxia‐induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in a porcine model
Authors: Hedelin P. , Kylhammar D. , Rådegran G. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Aim:  Our aim was to test the hypothesis that dual endothelin receptor blockade with tezosentan attenuates hypoxia‐induced pulmonary vasoconstriction.
Methods:  Fourteen anaesthetized, ventilated pigs, with a mean ± SEM weight of 30.5 ± 0.6 kg, were studied, in normoxia (FiO2 0.21) and with tezosentan (5 mg kg−1) infusion during (n = 7) or before (n = 7) hypoxia (FiO2 0.10).
Results:  Compared to normoxia, hypoxia increased (P < 0.05) pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) by 3.4 ± 0.7 WU, mean pulmonary artery pressure by 13.7 ± 1.3 mmHg, mean right atrial pressure by 1.9 ± 0.4 mmHg and decreased (P < 0.02) systemic vascular resistance (SVR) by 5.2 ± 2.1 WU. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), mean aortic blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume and blood‐O2‐consumption were unaltered (P = ns). Tezosentan infused during hypoxia, normalized PVR, decreased (P < 0.05) maximally mean pulmonary artery pressure by 7.5 ± 0.8 mmHg, SVR by 5.8 ± 0.7 WU, mean aortic blood pressure by 10.8 ± 3.0 mmHg and increased (P < 0.04) stroke volume by 8.5 ± 1.8 mL. Mean right atrial pressure, PCWP, heart rate, cardiac output and blood‐O2‐consumption were unaltered (P = ns). Tezosentan infused before hypoxia additionally attenuated approx. 70% of the initial mean pulmonary artery pressure increase and abolished the PVR increase, without additionally affecting the other parameters.
Conclusion:  Dual endothelin receptor blockade during hypoxia attenuates the ‘sustained’ acute pulmonary vasoconstrictor response by reducing the mean pulmonary artery pressure increase by approx. 62% and by normalizing PVR. Pre‐treatment with tezosentan before hypoxia, additionally attenuates the initial hypoxia‐induced mean pulmonary artery pressure rise by approx. 70% and abolishes the PVR increase, during stable circulatory conditions, without affecting oxygenation.
Low hemoglobin density potential marker of iron availability
Authors: URRECHAGA E. , UNCETA M. , BORQUE L. , ESCANERO J. F. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryIntroduction:  Low hemoglobin density (LHD%) is a new parameter provided by Beckman‐Coulter derived from the mean cell hemoglobin concentration, using the mathematical sigmoid transformation
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This study investigated the reliability of LHD% for the assessment of iron status in the presence of inflammation.Methods:  Healthy subjects (n = 90) and patients with iron deficiency (IDA, n = 110), chronic kidney disease (CKD, n = 65) and anemia of chronic disease (ACD, n = 85; 24 were iron deficient and 61 were iron sufficient) were analyzed on a LH 780 analyzer (Beckman Coulter Inc., Miami, FL, USA).Independent samples U test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were applied. To determine the concordance between LHD% and soluble transferrin receptor (sTrR) Cohen’s κ index was calculated.Results:  LHD % values showed no statistical difference in patients with IDA and patients with ACD accompanied with IDA (P = 0.6427); LHD% values in these patients were significantly different (P < 0.0001) compared with the iron‐sufficient patients with ACD.ROC analysis for LHD% in the detection of iron deficiency showed the following: area under curve 0.903; cut off 5.5%, sensitivity 88.6%, specificity 76.9%; κ index, 0.65.Conclusion:  LHD% is a reliable parameter for the detection of iron deficiency in patients with anemia in the presence of inflammation.
Competing Narratives about Competing Narratives: Psychology and Palestinian–Israeli Conflict
Authors: Fox Dennis 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn their professional and academic roles as well as their personal and political efforts, many psychologists seek to understand, and ultimately help resolve, the conflict between Palestinians and Israelis. Too often, however, they overemphasize the centrality of competing narratives, partly in response to depoliticizing academic norms that demand the appearance of objectivity and neutrality. As a result, conflict‐resolution approaches such as dialog and mediation and common suggestions based on split‐the‐difference compromise favor a status quo in which the side with more power, Israel, remains dominant. In contrast, a critical psychology perspective consistent with justice‐based conflict transformation understands that even‐handed empathy‐seeking and negotiations prioritizing procedural minutiae can achieve neither justice nor reconciliation.
Emotion Socialization in Cross‐Cultural Perspective
Authors: Friedlmeier Wolfgang , Corapci Feyza , Cole Pamela M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEmotion socialization aims to promote children’s emotion competence. Children’s competence is embedded in cultural contexts that influence caregivers’ expectations of appropriateness of children’s expression and experience of emotions. Two aspects of emotion competence – individualistic and relational emotion competence – are outlined. They offer a theoretical framework to interpret cultural commonalities and differences in emotion socialization strategies. This review summarizes current knowledge about caregivers’ emotion socialization strategies toward children’s negative emotional expressions and related behaviors in cultural perspective. The number of empirical studies in cultures outside of United States remains low. Nonetheless, the available evidence describes a range of emotion socialization strategies that are embedded in caregiving, and their consequences for children’s emotion development. Besides several commonalities across cultures, we describe differences in the degree to which strategies are endorsed by caregivers as well as some of the qualitative information that point to cultural variations. Finally, we note gaps in the literature and suggest future research directions.
Self‐Control Inhibits Aggression
Authors: DeWall C. Nathan , Finkel Eli J. , Denson Thomas F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAggression brings tremendous costs to individuals, relationships, and society. Yet, people behave aggressively toward strangers and close others at alarmingly high rates. The current article seeks to unlock part of the mystery of why people behave aggressively. We review evidence that self‐control failure plays an integral role in many acts of aggression and violence. We begin by reviewing theoretical models that emphasize the importance of self‐control processes in understanding aggressive and other criminal behaviors. We also discuss how a theoretical model that originally neglected self‐control processes can be extended to incorporate self‐control theorizing. We then discuss recent empirical evidence (a) showing that self‐control failure is a crucial predictor of aggression toward strangers and romantic partners and (b) identifying the neural processes relevant to the self‐control of aggression. Finally, we review evidence that self‐control processes can also explain why people engage in displaced aggression toward bystanders. By appreciating the importance of self‐control processes, researchers and laypersons can gain a better understanding of why people behave aggressively – and how aggression can be prevented.
Interpersonal Emotion Transfer: Contagion and Social Appraisal
Authors: Parkinson Brian 
Published: July 2011

AbstractExposure to someone else’s emotion can lead us to experience similar feelings. This paper considers two processes (emotion contagion and social appraisal) that may contribute to interpersonal emotion transfer (IET) effects of this kind. Research shows that people automatically mimic other people’s perceived movements including their emotion expressions. However, IET does not seem to depend directly on mimicry, suggesting that other processes underlie contagion. Social appraisal is supported by studies showing that IET may depend on changes in explicit interpretations and evaluations of events, as well as implicitly registered cues relating to the direction of attention. Future research needs to focus more on the object‐focus of emotion expressions and their contextual meaning in order to explain the variety of reported IET effects.
When Do People Deploy Genetic Determinism? A Review Pointing to the Need for Multi‐factorial Theories of Public Utilization of Scientific Discourses
Authors: Condit Celeste M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFor over two decades, scholars in the humanities and social sciences have attended warily and thoughtfully to the growing influence of biological and especially genetics‐based explanations of human behavior. Concern about genetic determinism has formed a focal point of this attention, because it was presumed to provide a lynchpin for discriminatory effects arising from genetics technologies. Substantial empirical research has now demonstrated that genetic determinism is in fact linked to discriminatory attitudes including prejudice, Social Dominance Orientation, sexism, and racism. Fortunately, however, the research has also indicated that most lay people’s deployment of genetic determinism is both limited and strategic, primarily serving self‐interests such as protecting valued behaviors (which are not health conducive) or avoiding blame. The disjunction between predictions based on existing social theories of discourse and empirical research on individual‐level practices highlights the need for a theoretical integration of biological biases, individual actions, and social structures in future social theories, especially theories about health behaviors, science studies, and public understanding of science.
Methodology and Measurement in the Study of Multiracial aMericans: Identity, Classification, and Perceptions
Authors: Herman Melissa R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article lays out some of the methodological issues in doing research on multiracial people (those whose immediate and/or distant ancestors come from different racial or ethnic groups), including how they are counted, how they are perceived, how they identify themselves, what factors affect their self‐identifications, and how their identifications change over time.
From Organizational Sexuality to Queer Organizations: Research on Homosexuality and the Workplace
Authors: Williams Christine , Giuffre Patti 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOrganization scholars historically ignored the crucial importance of sexuality in the workplace. But in the last 20 years, scholars influenced by the ‘sexuality in organizations’ perspective have documented the ways that the management and deployment of workers’ sexuality are key elements in organizational life. While most of these studies have documented persistent privileging of heterosexuality in work organizations, a recent trend is to investigate a new organizational form: the gay‐friendly workplace. We review legal and policy changes in US workplaces that have made them more accepting of gay and lesbian employees. Then we examine ethnographic studies of gay‐friendly organizations. Although they are certainly an advance over previous homophobic workplaces, the literature suggests that they may reproduce inequalities of race, class, and gender. Few studies have investigated ‘queer organizations’, which we identify as a rich area for future scholarship.
Anatomical changes of the mandibular canal, displaced root fragment and neurosensory deficit after removal of a mandibular third molar: report of a case
Authors: Ninkov P. , Svanæs D. , Bjørnland T. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe report an unusual case of anatomical changes of the mandibular canal, displacement of a tooth fragment and post‐operative inferior alveolar nerve neurosensory deficits after removal of a mandibular third molar. This article analyses the possible cause of anatomical changes of the mandible canal, and makes a contribution to studies in the literature about non‐surgical treatment of displaced tooth fragment and low‐level laser therapy of post‐operative inferior alveolar nerve neurosensory deficits after removal of a mandibular third molar.
Dental implants in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta: a retrospective and prospective study with review of the literature
Authors: Jensen J.L. , Brox H.T. , Storhaug K. , Ambjørnsen E. , Støvne S.A. , Bjørnland T. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  The aims of the present study were to retrospectively examine Norwegian patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and dental implants, and to prospectively study a group of patients with OI in need of such treatment. Our hypothesis was that implant treatment in these patients has approximately the same success rate as in healthy persons.Study group:  Seven patients with a diagnosis of OI and a total of 26 dental implants were invited to participate in the retrospective study. The prospective part of the study included a total of 20 implants in seven patients.Results:  The patients in the retrospective study were seen after an average of 74 months after loading, range 25–135 months. Two implants had been lost, both of them before prosthetic loading and in the same patient. Bone loss of 4 mm or more was seen around three implants in two patients. The patients in the prospective study were followed for a mean observation time of 20 months after loading, range 12–33 months. No implants were lost in that group, and only minimal bone loss was observed (less than 1 mm around two implants in one patient).Conclusion:  In these OI patients, the total implant survival rate was 95.7%, being 93.3% in the retrospective group and 100% in the prospective group, respectively.
Identification of DNA repair gene Ercc1 as a novel target in melanoma
Authors: Song Liang , Ritchie Ann‐Marie , McNeil Ewan M. , Li Weiling , Melton David W. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryIncreased expression of DNA repair genes contributes to the extreme resistance shown by melanoma to conventional DNA‐damaging chemotherapeutics. One such chemotherapeutic effective against a range of other cancers, but not melanoma, is cisplatin. The DNA repair protein, ERCC1, is needed to remove cisplatin‐induced DNA damage. We have shown that ERCC1 is essential for melanoma growth and resistance to cisplatin in a mouse xenograft model. Untreated xenografts of our transformed Ercc1‐proficient melanocyte cell line grew very rapidly as malignant melanoma. Cisplatin treatment caused initial shrinkage of xenografts, but cisplatin‐resistant regrowth soon followed. Cells reisolated into culture had twofold elevated levels of ERCC1 compared to both input cells and cells reisolated from untreated xenografts. An isogenic Ercc1‐deficient derivative grew equally well in vitro as the Ercc1‐proficient melanocyte cell line. However, in xenografts, the Ercc1‐deficient melanomas were much slower to establish and were completely cured by just two cisplatin treatments.
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma presenting as large anterior chest wall mass involving pleura and lung: A possible result of post‐traumatic chronic inflammation
Authors: Atoini Fouad , Ouarssani Aziz , Hachimi Moulay Ahmed , Aitlhou Fatima , Guenoun Fatima Zohra , Elmejereb Charafeddine , Rguibi Mustapha Idrissi , Baaj Mohammed 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA 67 year‐old‐man was hospitalized due to chronic pain and a large mass on the anterior chest wall. His medical history showed chest trauma in 1970, the reconstitution of the scenario revealed there was blunt trauma with swelling and rib fracture on the same side. Physical examination revealed an isolated large anterior chest wall mass. Chest radiography showed two bilateral irregular masses, chest computed tomography showed a large right chest wall tumor with pleural effusion, nodules of the right upper lobe and tumor of the left lower lobe without mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Whole body exploration showed only the chest disease. Transthoracic biopsy showed inflammatory reaction. Surgical biopsy by anterior thoracotomy of the right mass was performed under general anesthesia. Histological and immunohistological analysis revealed lymphoid diffuse large cell proliferation with positive staining of CD 20, BCL‐6 and MUM1, confirming the diagnosis of diffuse large B‐cell malignant lymphoma. Chemotherapy based on CHOP‐21 (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) was administered with good response after three cycles. The patient was discharged under surveillance in good condition after the end of chemotherapy. We report an infrequent neoplasm with an unusual and subtle clinical presentation.