bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet reduces mortality in the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain)
Authors: Buckland Genevieve , Agudo Antonio , Travier Noemie , María Huerta José , Cirera Lluís , Tormo María-José , Navarro Carmen , Dolores Chirlaque María , Moreno-Iribas Conchi , Ardanaz Eva , Barricarte Aurelio , Etxeberria Jaione , Marin Pilar , Ramón Quirós J. , Redondo María-Luisa , Larrañaga Nerea , Amiano Pilar , Dorronsoro Miren , Arriola Larraitz , Basterretxea Mikel , Sanchez María-José , Molina Esther , González Carlos A. 
Published: May 2011

Epidemiological studies show that adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) increases longevity; however, few studies are restricted to Mediterranean populations or explore the effect of a MD pattern that directly incorporates olive oil. Therefore the relationship between adherence to the MD and mortality was studied within the the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain). The EPIC-Spain analysis included 40 622 participants (37·7 % males) aged 29–69 years who were recruited from five Spanish regions in 1992–1996. During a mean follow-up of 13·4 years, 1855 deaths were documented: 913 from cancer, 399 from CVD, 425 from other causes and 118 from unknown causes of death. Risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality was assessed according to the level of adherence to a relative MD (rMED) score, measured using an 18-unit scale incorporating nine selected dietary components. A high compared with a low rMED score was associated with a significant reduction in mortality from all causes (hazard ratio (HR) 0·79; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·91), from CVD (HR 0·66; 95 % CI 0·49, 0·89), but not from overall cancer (HR 0·92; 95 % CI 0·75, 1·12). A 2-unit increase in rMED score was associated with a 6 % (P < 0·001) decreased risk of all-cause mortality. A high olive oil intake and moderate alcohol consumption contributed most to this association. In this Spanish cohort, following an olive oil-rich MD was related to a significant reduction in all-cause mortality, and reduced the risk of mortality from CVD. These results support the important role that the MD pattern has on reducing mortality in Mediterranean countries.
Crustal-scale cross-sections across the NW Zagros belt: implications for the Arabian margin reconstruction
Authors: VERGÉS J. , SAURA E. , CASCIELLO E. , FERNÀNDEZ M. , VILLASEÑOR A. , JIMÉNEZ-MUNT I. , GARCÍA-CASTELLANOS D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractQuantified balanced and restored crustal cross-sections across the NW Zagros Mountains are presented in this work integrating geological and geophysical local and global datasets. The balanced crustal cross-section reproduces the surficial folding and thrusting of the thick cover succession, including the near top of the Sarvak Formation (~90 Ma) that forms the top of the restored crustal cross-section. The base of the Arabian crust in the balanced cross-section is constrained by recently published seismic receiver function results showing a deepening of the Moho from 42 ± 2 km in the undeformed foreland basin to 56 ± 2 km beneath the High Zagros. The internal parts of the deformed crustal cross-section are constrained by new seismic tomographic sections imaging a ~50° NE-dipping sharp contact between the Arabian and Iranian crusts. These surfaces bound an area of 10800 km2that should be kept constant during the Zagros orogeny. The Arabian crustal cross-section is restored using six different tectonosedimentary domains according to their sedimentary facies and palaeobathymetries, and assuming Airy isostasy and area conservation. While the two southwestern domains were directly determined from well-constrained surface data, the reconstruction of the distal domains to the NE was made using the recent margin model of Wrobel-Daveauet al. (2010) and fitting the total area calculated in the balanced cross-section. The Arabian continental–oceanic boundary, at the time corresponding to the near top of the Sarvak Formation, is located 169 km to the NE of the trace of the Main Recent Fault. Shortening is estimated at ~180 km for the cover rocks and ~149 km for the Arabian basement, including all compressional events from Late Cretaceous to Recent time, with an average shortening rate of ~2 mm yr−1for the last 90 Ma.
Neogene salt in SW Iran and its interaction with Zagros folding
Authors: ABDOLLAHIE FARD I. , SEPEHR M. , SHERKATI S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe present and use seismic images to constrain possible scenarios for the evolution of the Middle Miocene Gachsaran Formation in the Central Iranian Zagros during the Neogene folding. This evaporitic sequence plays an important role in sealing the Oligocene–Miocene Asmari reservoirs in the Dezful Embayment and offshore regions. It was deposited in the flexural basin south of the Mountain Front Fault, during the progressive southwestward propagation of the Zagros folding. Its thickness changes very rapidly from several hundred to more than 4000 m. This thickness variation is related to faulting, folding and flow. Seismic and subsurface data show that the Gachsaran evaporite sequence is a major disharmonic level in the Dezful Embayment and shallow, molassic synclines often overlie anticlinal axes at depth. The lithological composition of the Gachsaran Formation is mainly a combination of salt, shale and anhydrite, which have a high interval velocity contrast. Anomalous velocity behaviours of these sedimentary units after deformation affect the seismic quality of the surrounding area, especially the southern flank of the main anticline structures.
The Effects of Derivatives on Firm Risk and Value
Authors: Bartram Söhnke M. , Brown Gregory W. , Conrad Jennifer 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUsing a large sample of nonfinancial firms from 47 countries, we examine the effect of derivative use on firm risk and value. We control for endogeneity by matching users and nonusers on the basis of their propensity to use derivatives. We also use a new technique to estimate the effect of omitted variable bias on our inferences. We find strong evidence that the use of financial derivatives reduces both total risk and systematic risk. The effect of derivative use on firm value is positive but more sensitive to endogeneity and omitted variable concerns. However, using derivatives is associated with significantly higher value, abnormal returns, and larger profits during the economic downturn in 2001–2002, suggesting that firms are hedging downside risk.
Risk factors and geospatial modelling for the presence of Fasciola hepatica infection in sheep and goat farms in the Greek temperate Mediterranean environment
Authors: KANTZOURA V. , KOUAM M. K. , DEMIRIS N. , FEIDAS H. , THEODOROPOULOS G. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYRisk factors related to herd and farmer status, farm and pasture management, and environmental factors derived by satellite data were examined for their association with the prevalence of F. hepatica in sheep and goat farms in Thessaly, Greece. Twelve farms (16·2%) and 58 farms (78·4%) of 74 had evidence of infection using coproantigen and serology respectively. The average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of farm location for 12 months before sampling was the most significant environmental risk factor for F. hepatica infection based on high seropositivity. The risk of infection increased by 1% when the value of NDVI increased by 0·01 degree. A geospatial map was constructed to show the relative risk (RR) of Fasciola infection in sheep and goat farms in Thessaly. In addition, geospatial maps of the model-based predicted RR for the presence of Fasciola infection in farms in Thessaly and the entire area of Greece were constructed from the developed model based on NDVI. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Thessaly should be regarded as an endemic region for Fasciola infection and it represents the first prediction model of Fasciola infection in small ruminants in the Mediterranean basin.
Migration as Diplomacy: Labor Migrants, Refugees, and Arab Regional Politics in the Oil-Rich Countries
Authors: Thiollet Helene 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article explores the political dynamics of labor migration in the Middle East. It seeks to explain the politics of Arab population movements by looking at historical trends in regional integration and contends that migration to the oil-rich countries, including refugee flows, has been the key factor driving Arab integration in the absence of effective institutions and economic integration processes. To account for the influence of this largely forgotten factor, the article looks at the formal and informal institutions that have shaped massive labor flows from the 1970s onward. It offers historical evidence pointing to the role of migration in Arab regional integration by looking at free circulation of Eritrean refugees and migrants in the Arab region using oral history and administrative archives. Linking labor migration, refugee movements, and regional politics, the article introduces the concept of “migration diplomacy” as an analytical framework and argues that the politics of regional integration can be better understood when looked at through the lens of migration.
Migration and Popular Protest in the Arabian Peninsula and the Gulf in the 1950s and 1960s
Authors: Chalcraft John 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe conventional historiography on popular and labor protest in the Arabian peninsula and the Gulf since the Second World War tends to ascribe a negative role to migration. Migrants—dragooned into the service of expanding oil economies—are often depicted as undermining the cohesion and efficacy of indigenous labor activism and popular protest. This article adopts a different perspective. It revisits the most important twentieth-century wave of pan-Arab, secular, republican, and socialist protest in the region—that of the 1950s and 1960s—and highlights the positive contribution migrants made. They were not just quotients of labor power, but interpretive and political subjects. Palestinians, Yemenis, and others, along with return- and circular-migrants, exiles, and visitors, transmitted pan-Arab and Leftist ideas, helped build activist organizations, and participated in a variety of protests. I suggest that standard forms of endogenous socioeconomic determinism in the labor history of the region need rethinking.
Vocabulary development in Greek children: a cross-linguistic comparison using the Language Development Survey*
Authors: PAPAELIOU CHRISTINA F. , RESCORLA LESLIE A. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThis study investigated vocabulary size and vocabulary composition in Greek children aged 1 ; 6 to 2 ; 11 using a Greek adaptation of Rescorla's Language Development Survey (LDS; Rescorla, 1989). Participants were 273 toddlers coming from monolingual Greek-speaking families. Greek LDS data were compared with US LDS data obtained from the instrument's normative sample (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000). Vocabulary size increased markedly with age, but Greek toddlers appeared to get off to a slower start in early word learning than US children. The correlation between percentage word use scores in Greek and US samples was moderate in size, indicating considerable overlap but some differences. Common nouns were the largest category among the fifty most frequent words in both samples. Numbers of adjectives and verbs were comparable across languages, but people and closed-class words were more numerous in the Greek sample. Finally, Greek late talkers showed similar patterns of vocabulary composition to those observed in typically developing Greek children.
Wide dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producingEscherichia coliandKlebsiellaspp. in acute care and rehabilitation hospitals
Authors: KOHLENBERG A. , SCHWAB F. , RÜDEN H. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYA prospective surveillance system for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producingEscherichia coli(ESBL-E) and ESBL-producingKlebsiellaspp. (ESBL-K) was implemented in 39 German hospitals with the aim of determining the incidence densities (IDs) of community-onset and hospital-onset cases and of identifying risk factors for high IDs of hospital-onset cases. During 2008, 2081 ESBL-E/K cases were documented. ESBL-E cases (n=1330, 63·9%) were more common than ESBL-K cases (n=751, 36·1%), but a higher proportion of ESBL-K cases (59%) than of ESBL-E cases (39·5%) were hospital-onset cases. The mean IDs were 0·54 (range 0–2·53) per 1000 patient-days for all ESBL-EK cases, 0·29 (range 0–1·81) per 1000 patient-days for community-onset ESBL-EK cases and 0·25 (range 0–1·82) per 1000 patient-days for hospital-onset ESBL-EK cases. Regression analysis showed a linear association between the IDs of community-onset and hospital-onset cases. The wide dissemination of ESBL-E and ESBL-K emphasizes the need for hospital-wide surveillance to guide control measures.
Development of the outflow tracts with reference to aortopulmonary windows and aortoventricular tunnels
Authors: Anderson Robert H. , Cook Andrew , Brown Nigel A. , Henderson Deborah J. , Chaudhry Bill , Mohun Timothy 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAlthough malformations involving the ventricular outflow tracts are often described as conotruncal malformations, there is no consensus as to the lesions included in, or excluded from, this category, reflecting, in part, the current lack of precise definitions of the embryonic truncus and conus. Analysis of development of the outflow tract in terms of proximal, intermediate, and distal components greatly facilitates understanding of the morphology of the aortopulmonary window and aortoventricular tunnels. The aortopulmonary windows reflect failure to close the embryonic aortopulmonary foramen, the space between the distal end of the cushions that divide the lumen of the outflow tract itself and the dorsal wall of the aortic sac. The aortopulmonary tunnels are produced subsequent to abnormal development of the cushions themselves. The distal ends of these cushions excavate to produce the sinuses and leaflets of the arterial valves. The proximal parts of the cushions muscularise to form the subpulmonary infundibulum. The middle part of the cushion mass disappears to provide a tissue plane between the infundibulum and the aortic root. Abnormal formation of this area accounts for the various types of aortoventricular tunnel. In our brief review, we show how the anatomy of these lesions correlates with development of the outflow tract.
A sail-backed suchian from the Heshanggou Formation (Early Triassic: Olenekian) of China
Authors: Nesbitt Sterling J. , Liu Jun , Li Chun 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe two major lineages of extant archosaurs, crocodylians and avians, diverged in the Triassic, but the details and timing of this event are incompletely understood. Fragmentary and phylogenetically uninformative specimens, in addition to poor temporal constraints on rock units from the Early and Middle Triassic, typify obstacles in identifying early archosaurs. This paper re-describes the partial skeleton of the only known specimen of Xilousuchus sapingensis Wu, 1981 from the Early Triassic Heshanggou Formation in north-central China. Originally assigned to the non-archosaurian archosauriform clade Proterosuchidae, an extensive phylogenetic analysis posits X. sapingensis as a crown-group archosaur within Suchia, thus making this taxon the unequivocally oldest known member of Archosauria. The age and phylogenetic position of X. sapingensis indicate that many archosaurs, including all major clades of non-archosaurian archosauriforms, the avianline, ornithosuchids, aetosaurs and paracrocodylomorph lineages, must have diverged by the end of the Early Triassic. X. sapingensis is part of a possible clade of sail-backed poposauroids that were common components of archosaur assemblages during the Early to Middle Triassic.
Evaluating hypotheses for the early diversification of dinosaurs
Authors: Irmis Randall B. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTMany hypotheses have been proposed for the rise of dinosaurs, but their early diversification remains poorly understood. This paper examines the occurrences, species diversity and abundance of early dinosaurs at both regional and global scales to determine patterns of their early evolutionary history. Four main patterns are clear: (1) sauropodomorph dinosaurs became abundant during the late Norian–Rhaetian of Gondwana and Europe; (2) Triassic dinosaurs of North America have low species diversity and abundance until the beginning of the Jurassic; (3) sauropodomorphs and ornithischians are absent in the Triassic of North America; and (4) ornithischian dinosaurs maintain low species diversity, relative abundance and small body size until the Early Jurassic. No one hypothesis fully explains these data. There is no evidence for a Carnian–Norian extinction event, but sauropodomorphs did become abundant during the Norian in some assemblages. No clear connection exists between palaeoenvironment and early dinosaur diversity, but environmental stress at the Triassic–Jurassic boundary is consistent with changes in North American dinosaur assemblages. Elevated growth rates in dinosaurs are consistent with the gradual phyletic increase in body size. This study demonstrates that early dinosaur diversification was a complex process that was geographically diachronous and probably had several causes.
A reassessment of the basal dinosaur Guaibasaurus candelariensis, from the Late Triassic Caturrita Formation of south Brazil
Authors: Langer Max C. , Bittencourt Jonathas S. , Schultz Cesar L. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe dinosaur record of the Santa Maria beds of Rio Grande do Sul (Mid–Late Triassic; south Brazil) includes the herrerasaur Staurikosaurus pricei, and two basal members of the sauropodomorph lineage: Saturnalia tupiniquim and Unaysaurus tolentinoi. The most enigmatic of the saurischian taxa is, however, Guaibasaurus candelariensis, previously regarded as either a basal theropod or a basal sauropodomorph. This study provides a detailed anatomical revision of all specimens originally referred to G. candelariensis by Bonaparte and co-authors, including its type-series and a more recently excavated partial postcranium. Although coming from different sites, these specimens share a unique combination of traits, and at least one possible autapomorphic feature of the pelvis, which support the inclusivity and uniqueness of the species. G. candelariensis was a medium-sized (nearly 2 m long) biped with an intriguing mix of plesiomorphic and derived (eusaurischian/theropod) features. Phylogenetic studies reveal weak support for the nesting of G. candelariensis within Theropoda, but this affinity is bolstered by various traits it shares with neotheropods. The Norian age of G. candelariensis corroborates previous studies that suggest the continuous radiation of more basal dinosauromorphs until the end of the Triassic, after the appearance of the three main dinosaur clades.
Kortikale Informationsverarbeitungsprozesse bei Vätern von Kindern mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS): eine Pilotstudie mit langsamen Hirnpotenzialen
Authors: Gerber Wolf-Dieter , Darabaneanu Stephanie , Dumpert Hans-Dieter , Müller Gabriele Gerber-von , Kowalski Jens T. , Kropp Peter , Niederberger Uwe , Siniatchkin Michael , Petermann Franz 
Published: May 2011

Hintergrund/Fragestellung: ADHS wird als eine womöglich genetisch bedingte Störung der kortikalen Informationsverarbeitung im Kindes- und Jugendalter, die bei mehr als zwei Drittel der Betroffenen auch im Erwachsenenalter andauert, beschrieben. Wenig bekannt ist über die kortikale Informationsverarbeitung und Aufmerksamkeitsbereitschaft von Vätern von Kindern mit ADHS. In der vorliegenden Studie sollten daher Väter von ADHS-Kindern mit gesunden Kontrollen hinsichtlich ihrer kortikalen Aufmerksamkeitsbereitschaft verglichen werden. Patienten und Methoden: 14 Väter von ADHS-Kindern im Alter von 24 bis 62 Jahren (M = 39,4 Jahre) wurden mit 14 Vätern von gesunden Kindern (M = 36,7 Jahre) verglichen. Die kortikale Aufmerksamkeitsbereitschaft wurde mittels Contingente Negative Variation (CNV) in einem zwei Stimulusparadigma (Go/NoGo; Cz, Fz) mit einem Intervall von 3 Sekunden gemessen. Die ADHS-Kernsymptome wurden mittels spezifischer Fragebögen erfasst. Ergebnisse: Die CNV-Reaktionszeiten der ADHS-Väter waren signifikant langsamer als die der gesunden Kontrollgruppe. Zudem ergab sich eine deutlich beschleunigte Habituation, während sich die CNV-Amplituden im Cervix-Potenzial statistisch nicht von den Gesunden unterschieden. Dagegen zeigte sich frontal eine signifikant stärkere Negativierung der ADHS-Väter. Schlussfolgerung: Väter von ADHS-Kindern zeigen in den langsamen Hirnpotenzialen ähnliche Auffälligkeiten, wie sie auch bei Kindern nachweisbar sind. Die erkennbare gestörte kortikale Informationsverarbeitung könnte sowohl als Hinweis einer genetischen Disposition, als auch epigenetischer Determination denkbar sein.
Deep-tissue anatomical imaging of mice using carbon nanotube fluorophores in the second near-infrared window
Authors: Welsher Kevin , Sherlock Sarah P. , Dai Hongjie 
Published: May 2011

Fluorescent imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR II, 1–1.4 μm) holds much promise due to minimal autofluorescence and tissue scattering. Here, using well-functionalized biocompatible single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as NIR II fluorescent imaging agents, we performed high-frame-rate video imaging of mice during intravenous injection of SWNTs and investigated the path of SWNTs through the mouse anatomy. We observed in real-time SWNT circulation through the lungs and kidneys several seconds postinjection, and spleen and liver at slightly later time points. Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging through principal component analysis (PCA) was performed and found to greatly increase the anatomical resolution of organs as a function of time postinjection. Importantly, PCA was able to discriminate organs such as the pancreas, which could not be resolved from real-time raw images. Tissue phantom studies were performed to compare imaging in the NIR II region to the traditional NIR I biological transparency window (700–900 nm). Examination of the feature sizes of a common NIR I dye (indocyanine green) showed a more rapid loss of feature contrast and integrity with increasing feature depth as compared to SWNTs in the NIR II region. The effects of increased scattering in the NIR I versus NIR II region were confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation. In vivo fluorescence imaging in the NIR II region combined with PCA analysis may represent a powerful approach to high-resolution optical imaging through deep tissues, useful for a wide range of applications from biomedical research to disease diagnostics.