bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combination of composted animal manure and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria is a sustainable biofertilizer and bionematicide for grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars
Authors: Khder Osama M. M. , El-Ashry Ramadan M. , El-Deeb Ahmed M. A. , Bouqellah Nahla A. , Ashkan Mada F. , Dablool Anas S. , Thagfan Felwa A. , Algopishi Uthman B. , Alshammari Naheda M. , Al‑Gheffari Hawazen K. , Fikry Ahmed M. , El-Saadony Mohamed T. , Mathew Betty T. , AbuQamar Synan F. , El-Tarabily Khaled A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKN) cause extensive damage to grapevine cultivars. RKN-resistant grapevine rootstocks remain vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stresses. This study aimed to determine the influence of composted animal manures (CAMs) [chicken manure (CM), cow manure (CowM), and sheep manure (SM)] with or without plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the population of Meloidogyne incognita, free-living nematodes (FLNs) and predaceous nematodes (PNs) residing in the soils of vineyard cultivars (Flame, Superior and Prime). The nematodes were isolated from grapevine roots and rhizosphere soils, then the absolute frequency of occurrence (FO), relative FO, prominence value (PV), and population density (PD) were assessed. The impact of CAMs and PGPR on the growth parameters, fruit output, and quality of three grapevine varieties was subsequently evaluated. Eight treatments included a control without CAMs or PGPR amendments, the CAMs alone, or CAM treatments combined with PGPR. The results showed that FLNs and PNs were more abundant in Prime than Flame or Superior cultivars when poor sandy loam soils were supplied with CAMs. Among all tested manures, CM was the best treatment as a nematicide. This was evident from the decreased numbers of M. incognita and increased numbers of FLNs and PNs in grapevine fields. Compared to the soil-applied oxamyl (a systemic nematicide), which was efficiently suppressive on M. incognita for two months, CM significantly (P < 0.05) decreased PD of the phytonematodes for five months, improved soil structure and enhanced the soil biological activities. There were significant (P < 0.05) increases in the number of leaves/vines by 79.9, 78.8, and 73.1%; and total fruit weight/vine by 76.9, 75.0, and 73.0% in Flame, Superior, and Prime varieties, respectively, compared to untreated vines. Regardless of the cultivar, soils amended with CM + PGPR achieved the lowest number of M. incognita among all other treatments, followed by SM + PGPR and CowM + PGPR. It was concluded that CAMs amendment, mainly CM, along with PGPR in poor sandy soils of temperate areas, is considered a sustainable approach for reducing parasitic nematodes and improving agricultural management.
The behaviour of a flow from an elevated source into a less dense fluid
Authors: Shraida Shaymaa M. , Hocking Graeme C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The viscous Boussinesq equations are used to simulate the unsteady flow from an elevated source of a plume of heavier fluid into a lighter fluid. The solution is obtained with a spectral method. The source is located at some height above the bottom of a vertically confined layer and the flow is two dimensional. Results indicate that the small, initially circular bubble of heavier fluid expands until the top reaches some height above the source, after which it levels off and starts to flow downwards in a vertical plume before spreading horizontally. We discuss the results for different values of Reynolds number, flow rate, and density differential. It is found that there are several different plume types, the behaviours of which depend on the flow rate. At low flows, the plume forms an inverted mushroom shape, some parts of which may separate as it falls downward. At moderate flow rates, the inverted mushroom plume remains connected until it reaches the base, after which it spreads horizontally as a gravity current. Finally, at large flow rates, the central blob expands outward until it hits the bottom, after which it spreads horizontally. When the Reynolds number is small and viscosity is relatively high, the interface between the expanding region and the ambient fluid is very stable and exhibits few deviations and very little mixing, but as the Reynolds number increases, spirals begin to form around the edges, thus, enhancing the mixing.
Molecular characterization and population structure analysis of luffa (Luffa aegyptiaca Mill.) germplasm using inter‑Primer Binding Site (iPBS) retrotransposon markers
Authors: Coşkun Ömer Faruk , Toprak Seher , Mavi Kazım 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca), an economically significant member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its applications as a vegetable, medicinal plant, and fiber crop. This study aimed to genetically characterize 32 Luffa aegyptiaca genotypes using Inter-Primer Binding Site (iPBS) retrotransposon markers and evaluate their efficiency in detecting genetic diversity. A total of 25 iPBS primers were assessed, with an average polymorphism rate of 84.1% and a polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.54, thereby indicating moderate-to-high genetic differentiation within the population. Primers such as iPBS-2231 and iPBS-2256 showed exceptional performance, achieving 100% polymorphism rates and high PIC values, while primers like iPBS-2253 exhibited limited effectiveness. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed three main genetic clusters and unique outliers, with Genotype 17 identified as the most genetically distinct due to its lowest similarity rate (0.54). Additionally, genetic similarity was generally higher among genotypes from the same geographic region, although exceptions were noted. The findings emphasize the critical role of primer selection in genetic analyses and provide a foundational framework for breeding programs and conservation efforts. The study highlights the potential of genetically unique genotypes for enhancing diversity and advancing agricultural sustainability in Luffa cultivation.
Application of recycled high-density polyethylene for construction of non-structural wattle and daub walls
Authors: Ceolin Valdomiro Neto , Gomes Maria Idália , Oliveira Francisco , Louro Margarida 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The evolution of construction techniques has spanned millennia, integrating locally sourced materials with innovative technological advancements. The use of earth in construction demonstrates remarkable versatility, exhibiting plasticity when wet and robust solidity upon drying. The environmental sustainability and abundant availability of earth further reinforce its role in architectural practices. This research explores the integration of recycled thermoplastic technology with traditional earthen construction methods, focusing on non-structural walls combining thermoplastic frameworks and mixed earth techniques. The study places particular emphasis on recycled High-Density Polyethylene (r-HDPE), a material that has garnered acclaim for its role in sustainable development through the reuse of secondary raw materials and its high moldability. The primary function of r-HDPE in this context is as a supplemental framework supporting earthen materials. Utilizing recycling and production methods from Precious Plastic, the research emphasizes the prototyping of r-HDPE structures with diverse configurations, digitally designed to create components ranging from beams to intricate truss networks. The earthen mortar comprises fine and coarse sand, wheat straw, and lime, adhering to traditional mixed earth construction practices. While the materials share structural limitations with conventional mixed earth methods, the potential addition of composites to thermoplastics could improve strength but hinder mechanical recyclability, favoring chemical recycling as an alternative. This study prioritizes recyclability with minimal environmental impact, limiting its scope to mechanical recycling without composite additives. The objective of this study is to achieve a balance between innovative applications of recycled thermoplastics and long-term environmental stewardship, thereby enhancing the synergy between sustainability and construction practices.
Thermal Response of a Lithium Vapor Divertor to Cyclical Operation
Authors: Parsons Matthew S. , Porcelli Margaret , Emdee Eric D. , Goldston Robert J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The lithium vapor divertor concept is being developed as a method to achieve detached divertor conditions in a tokamak while minimizing impurity radiation losses from the core plasma. SOLPS-ITER modeling has previously been used to identify some of the geometric constraints and required lithium evaporation rate of a lithium vapor divertor in a medium-sized tokamak during steady-state operation. Here an updated conceptual design based on these operating requirements is introduced and the thermal response of the system is modeled during cyclical operation, consistent with operation in a short-pulse tokamak. Controllability of the temperature of the lithium capillary porous system (CPS) is achieved by adopting a design where there is no line-of-sight for radiation from the plasma to reach the heated CPS surface. Operational strategies to minimize the amount of lithium evaporated between plasma discharges while achieving steady evaporation rates during plasma discharges are discussed and modeled here. The optimal feedforward control strategy demonstrated in this work is to ramp up the temperature of the evaporator as quickly as possible immediately before a plasma discharge and then reduce the heating to match the desired steady-state net evaporation rate just before the plasma discharge begins, allowing the thermal inertia of the system to stabilize the evaporation rate during the first second of the plasma discharge.
A framework for full waveform velocity and moment tensor inversion in regional seismotectonic settings
Authors: Serrano Jheyston , Ramirez Ana B. , Abreo Sergio , Reyes Oscar , Florez Manuel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Building 3-D regional velocity models of complex seismotectonics settings remains challenging; strong heterogeneities, resulting from plate interactions, are difficult to resolve and the lack of well constrained moment tensor solutions for the set of earthquakes used as sources makes model convergence difficult or altogether impossible. We propose a joint velocity and moment tensor elastic full waveform inversion framework in the time domain, to find a solution for P-wave and the complete Moment Tensor (MT) of the seismic sources. We synthetically validate our approach using an upscaled version of the SEAM 3-D velocity model, a standard validation test in exploration seismology known for its strong heterogeneities and velocity contrasts. Our approach shows promising results when applied to the tectonic setting of the Middle Magdalena Valley (MMV) basin, a region known for the poorly understood geometry of the underlying subducting plates. As sources we use intermediate depth earthquakes from the Bucaramanga Seismic Nest (BSN), one of the most compact and active seismicity volumes in the world. As a result, we obtain a 3-D velocity model for the region and a set of well constrained MT solutions for moderate BSN earthquakes. Our framework can be readily applied to other regions and it will be of special importance in applications dominated by moderate seismicity (Mw<5.5), where very few global MT solutions are available.
M-C&M-BL: a novel classification model for brain tumor classification: multi-CNN and multi-BiLSTM
Authors: Başarslan Muhammet Sinan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As the central organ for human cognition and behavior, the human brain is critical to daily functioning. Brain tumors disrupt normal activities and require accurate diagnosis and intervention. In this study, an approach is presented that allows the detection of tumors in the brain. The main motivation of the study is to determine whether there is a tumor in the brain with high performance. For this purpose, the proposed method was tested using the open-source Br35H brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset. The proposed model, M-C&M-BL, integrates a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for image feature extraction with a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) Network for sequential data processing. Metrics such as Accuracy (Acc), F1 Score (F1), Precision (Pre), Recall (Rec), Specificity (Spe), and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) were used for performance evaluation. The proposed model achieved 99.33% Acc and 99.35% F1, outperforming CNN-based models such as BMRI-Net (98.69% Acc, 98.33% F1) and AlexNet (98.79% Acc, 98.82% F1). It also demonstrated competitive performance against MobileNetv2, which achieved a slightly higher Acc of 99.67%. This approach has significant potential for integration into clinical decision support systems, web and mobile diagnostic platforms, and hospital picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). These tools can aid in early diagnosis, improve diagnostic accuracy, and reduce evaluation time. However, challenges such as ensuring privacy, achieving generalizability across diverse datasets, and addressing infrastructure constraints must be addressed for seamless deployment. This study highlights the feasibility and potential of combining deep learning architectures to advance AI-driven tools in healthcare, ultimately improving clinical workflows and patient outcomes.
The effects of meta-creative pedagogy on elementary school students’ creative thinking
Authors: Paz-Baruch Nurit , Grovas Guy , Mevarech Zemira R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fostering creative thinking and promoting metacognitive processes are two major goals of 21st -century education. Recent research has pinpointed the essential role of meta-creativity in the process of creative thinking. Nevertheless, the concept of meta-creativity has not been widely adopted. The purpose of the present study is, therefore, threefold: (a) to design an innovative meta-creative pedagogy for fostering students’ creative thinking; (b) to examine the immediate and transfer effects of this pedagogy on three components of creative thinking: fluency, flexibility, and originality; and (c) to explore students’ perceptions of the extent to which they implement meta-creative processes during creative problem-solving procedures. Four sixth-grade classes (N = 100) were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Two entire classes (N = 49) that were exposed to the meta-creative pedagogy served as the experimental group, while the other two classes were the control group (N = 51). Results indicated that on the immediate assessment of creative thinking, the experimental group scored significantly higher than their counterparts in the control group on fluency and originality, but not on flexibility. Regarding the transfer task, the experimental group scored significantly higher than the control group on all three creativity components: fluency, flexibility, and originality. Furthermore, students in the experimental group perceived their implementation of meta-creative processes to a greater extent than their counterparts in the control group. These findings highlight the benefits of using a meta-creative pedagogy to foster students’ creative thinking. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.
Retailer marketing mix response when launching a direct channel: Not all retailers are alike
Authors: Van Crombrugge Michiel , Breugelmans Els , Cleeren Kathleen , Neslin Scott A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Many manufacturers introduce an online direct channel to create brand value that could benefit both manufacturer and retailers. However, retailers often view direct channel entry as a threat. Research on horizontal entry suggests retailers protect their sales by adjusting their marketing mix, particularly assortment and price. However, the direct channel is a vertical entry by a partner that is now also a competitor. The challenge for retailers is how to adjust their marketing mix. We employ a value creation/value capture framework to hypothesize and test how retailers contend for their “piece of the pie.” We analyze a consumer electronics manufacturer’s direct channel entry. The average retailer decreases assortment and increases price but there is ample heterogeneity depending on retailer characteristics. For example, small “mom-and-pop” stores follow the average, while large multichannel specialists increase assortment and increase price less. Manufacturers must develop segmentation strategies to market new direct channels to retailers.
Modified Martin Procedure for Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome (MMIHS)
Authors: Tian Li , Ma Chensen , Cao Peng , Yu Donghai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the therapeutic effect of the modified Martin procedure for patients with megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS).

Methods
The authors retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients diagnosed with MMIHS who underwent surgical treatment at their institute between August 2019 and June 2023. The modified Martin procedure and Bishop–Koop procedure were performed for the patients. Data, including demographics, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, complications and clinical outcomes, were collected.

Results
A total of 11 children with MMIHS were enrolled in this study. The mean age of the patients was 4.08 ± 1.69 y, and seven cases (63.64%) were male. The average operation time was 312.09 ± 108.88 min, with an average intraoperative blood loss of 25.82 ± 6.42 ml. The first postoperative defecation time was 3.60 ± 0.91 d. Patients took an average of 4.10 ± 0.40 d to resume eating after surgery, and their average length of hospital stay was 24.64 ± 4.52 d. Postoperative follow-up results showed that of the nine surviving children, two patients required intermittent intravenous nutrition support, and seven patients had successfully transitioned from parenteral nutrition support. In this study, two patients eventually died of multiple organ failure.

Conclusions
The modified Martin procedure is a promising method for treating MMIHS. The patients exhibited positive nutritional status and satisfactory outcomes during the follow-up period.
Bombus-plant interactions defined by bipartite network analysis in an underexplored Mediterranean island (Sicily)
Authors: Polidori Carlo , Barletti Beatrice R. , Quaranta Marino , Ferrari Andrea , De la Rúa Pilar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bumblebees (Apidae: Bombus) are abundant pollinators in Mediterranean habitats; however, interaction networks with plants have not yet been investigated in large areas of Italy, including its islands. Here, we analyzed plant-bumblebee networks through seasonal transects in a suburban park and a nature reserve of Eastern Sicily. After molecular and morphological identification of bumblebees, we built bipartite networks extracting complementarity, niche overlap, modularity and nestedness. In total, we sampled 10 of the 15 species of Bombus known from Sicily. Richness was close to that predicted by accumulation curves, and no differences in community diversity were found between the two sites. At both sites, the networks were not nested, highly specialized and modular, with high complementarity and low niche overlap, again with no differences between sites. In both sites, species-level specialization varied considerably and was independent from sample size. The network topologies suggest a possible role of local interspecific competition and/or of interspecific morphological variation among generalist bumblebees. Comparison of previously published data revealed that networks in Mediterranean areas are more specialized than those with a continental climate. This suggests the possibility of increased competition and/or phenotypic variation under harsh Mediterranean conditions. The vulnerability of the Mediterranean basin to droughts caused by climate change calls for detailed studies on pollinator-plant networks for conservation plans.
Experimental discoveries of a variety of turbulent states of magnetic fusion plasma
Authors: Ida Katsumi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents significant experimental discoveries of various turbulent states of magnetically confined plasmas in far non-equilibrium states, providing a wealth of new knowledge to the field. The intricate interplay between a non-uniform radial electric field (mean

$$E \times B$$

E
×
B

flow shear and zonal flow) and turbulence in plasma, which gives rise to various turbulent states, is a complex yet fascinating area of study. The symmetry breaking of turbulence produces intrinsic torque and toroidal flow shear, while the pressure gradient produces poloidal flow shear. The turbulence produces the zonal flow (fluctuating

$$E \times B$$

E
×
B

flow with zero toroidal and poloidal mode numbers). Both the mean

$$E \times B$$

E
×
B

flow shear and zonal flow suppress the turbulence, which is the origin of this flow. The turbulence-dominant state and

$$E \times B$$

E
×
B

flow dominant state co-exist in the plasma in space and finally cause the various turbulent states and radial profiles of temperature and density of magnetically confined plasmas. The

$$E \times B$$

E
×
B

shear also significantly impacts the blocking of turbulence spreading, which is one of the origins of non-local transport. Interaction between micro-scale, mezo-scale, and macro-scale fluctuation is another mechanism that causes non-local transport. The magnetic topology (nested flux surface, magnetic island, and stochastic magnetic field) is also important in determining the characteristics of turbulence transport. The magnetic island provides an excellent platform for the study of turbulence spreading. Isotope mixing, a new concept in particle transport, is also discussed. The experimental discovery and comprehensive understanding of these processes are described.
Using the Baire category theorem to explore Lions problem for quasi-Banach spaces
Authors: Aksoy A. G. , Almira J. M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Many results for Banach spaces also hold for quasi-Banach spaces. One important such example is results depending on the Baire category theorem (BCT). We use the BCT to explore Lions problem for a quasi-Banach couple

$$(A_0, A_1).$$

(

A
0

,

A
1

)
.

Lions problem, posed in 1960s, is to prove that different parameters

$$(\theta ,p)$$

(
θ
,
p
)

produce different interpolation spaces

$$(A_0, A_1)_{\theta , p}.$$

(

A
0

,

A
1

)

θ
,
p

.

We first establish conditions on

$$A_0$$

A
0

and

$$A_1$$

A
1

so that interpolation spaces of this couple are strictly intermediate spaces between

$$A_0+A_1$$

A
0

+

A
1

and

$$A_0\cap A_1.$$

A
0

∩

A
1

.

This result, together with a reiteration theorem, gives a partial solution to Lions problem for quasi-Banach couples. We then apply our interpolation result to (partially) answer a question posed by Pietsch. More precisely, we show that if

$$p\ne p^*$$

p
≠

p
∗

the operator ideals

$${\mathcal {L}}^{(a)}_{p,q}(X,Y),$$

L

p
,
q

(
a
)

(
X
,
Y
)

,

$${\mathcal {L}}^{(a)}_{p^*,q^*}(X,Y)$$

L

p
∗

,

q
∗

(
a
)

(
X
,
Y
)

generated by approximation numbers are distinct. Moreover, for any fixed p, either all operator ideals

$${\mathcal {L}}^{(a)}_{p,q}(X,Y)$$

L

p
,
q

(
a
)

(
X
,
Y
)

collapse into a unique space or they are pairwise distinct. We cite counterexamples which show that using interpolation spaces is not appropriate to solve Pietsch’s problem for operator ideals based on general s-numbers. However, the BCT can be used to prove a lethargy result for arbitrary s-numbers which guarantees that, under very minimal conditions on X, Y, the space

$${\mathcal {L}}^{(s)}_{p,q}(X,Y)$$

L

p
,
q

(
s
)

(
X
,
Y
)

is strictly embedded into

$${\mathcal {L}}^{\mathcal {A}}(X,Y).$$

L

A

(
X
,
Y
)

.