bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of therapeutic plasmapheresis in a case of canine immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia
Authors: Crump Kathryn L. , Seshadri Ravi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective –To investigate the clinical application and potential utility of plasmapheresis in canine immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia.Case Summary –A 7‐year‐old spayed female Maltese diagnosed with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia was initially treated with prednisone, cyclosporine, and received multiple transfusions of packed RBC. Because of the progression of clinical signs despite traditional medical therapy, plasmapheresis was initiated. Plasma immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M levels were measured before, during, and after treatment to help determine if there had been a significant decrease in immunoglobulin levels with plasmapheresis. Plasmapheresis was successfully performed over a 2.5‐hour period in this dog with minimal complications. Hypocalcemia was identified as a known complication of circuit anticoagulation, and was corrected through calcium supplementation. Post‐plasmapheresis there was a decrease in immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M levels, and the patient showed clinical improvement. Following discharge the dog had no known complications of therapy, and had complete resolution of the anemia.New or Unique Information Provided –Plasmapheresis was performed successfully with minimal complications. Because transfusion requirements appeared to be reduced, and the procedure was well tolerated, there may be a place for this modality in severe cases to act as a bridge until medical therapy takes full effect. Because of the cost of performing this therapy, and the potential requirement for multiple treatments, it should be reserved for selected patients.
Small intestinal intussusception in five dogs with acute renal failure and suspected leptospirosis (L. australis)
Authors: Schweighauser Ariane , Burgener Iwan A. , Gaschen Frédéric , Luckschander Nicole , Hasler Andreas , Lang Johann , Francey Thierry 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives
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This case series describes 5 dogs with small intestinal intussusception and acute kidney injury due to infection with Leptospira interrogans serovar Australis.Case Series Summary
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Small intestinal intussusception was observed in 4 dogs diagnosed with acute kidney injury due to leptospirosis presented between 1997 and 2005. Intussusception was diagnosed at initial presentation or later during hospitalization. An additional dog fulfilling our inclusion criteria was presented to a small animal specialty clinic nearby and was included. Upon admission, all dogs were severely azotemic and thrombocytopenic. All 5 dogs showed the strongest microscopic agglutination test serology reaction to L. interrogans serovar Australis. Two dogs survived with no apparent residual renal damage, 1 survived with subsequent mild chronic kidney disease, and 2 dogs were euthanized at the owners' request due to a guarded prognosis.New or Unique Information Provided
– Intussusception can occur or may be seen in dogs with leptospirosis due to L. interrogans serovar Australis and patients should be monitored closely for this potential complication. As all 5 dogs described in this case series showed the highest titer for L. interrogans serovar Australis, these precautions may be especially applied in geographic areas where this particular serovar is seen.
The prevalence and significance of hyperglycemia in hospitalized cats
Authors: Ray Casey C. , Callahan‐Clark Julie , Beckel Nicole F. , Walters Patricia C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective
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To report the prevalence of hyperglycemia in cats admitted to a veterinary hospital and to determine if hyperglycemic cats had increased morbidity and mortality when compared with normoglycemic cats.Design
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Retrospective clinical study.Setting
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Community‐based referral hospital.Animals
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Nondiabetic cats admitted to the hospital.Interventions
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None.Measurements and Main Results
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The medical records of nondiabetic cats admitted to the hospital over a 1‐year period were reviewed. There were 182 cats that met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Information obtained included signalment, length of hospitalization, initial and highest blood glucose measurement, diagnosis, treatment, and final disposition. Sixty‐three percent of cats (116/182) were hyperglycemic at the time of presentation. Total incidence of hyperglycemia at any point during hospitalization was 64% (118/182). No association was found between hyperglycemia either initially or at any point during the hospitalization and mortality. However, a significant association was documented between the presence of hyperglycemia and increased length of hospitalization (LOH) (P=0.04). The duration of LOH was also significantly associated with the degree of hyperglycemia (P=0.01). A number of different disease processes were represented in the study population. However, the number of cats in each disease category was small and no association could be found between any of them and blood glucose affecting mortality and morbidity.Conclusion
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The prevalence of hyperglycemia in feline patients admitted to a primary referral hospital was 64%. Cats with hyperglycemia had a longer LOH when compared with normoglycemic cats; however, presence of hyperglycemia did not impact mortality in this population of cats.
Adverse events associated with pericardiocentesis in dogs: 85 cases (1999–2006)
Authors: Humm Karen R. , Keenaghan‐Clark Elizabeth A. , Boag Amanda K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective –To quantify the frequency of adverse events occurring during or post pericardiocentesis and to determine if adverse events are related to the cause of the pericardial effusion or frequency of pericardiocentesis.Design –Retrospective study.Setting –Referral hospital.Animals, Intervention and Measurements –Medical records of 85 dogs that underwent 112 episodes of pericardiocentesis were reviewed. Any adverse events during pericardiocentesis and in the 48 hours post pericardiocentesis were noted. The frequency of adverse events was compared between dogs with a suspected neoplastic cause and a suspected nonneoplastic cause of their pericardial effusion and also between the first and subsequent pericardiocenteses.Main Results –The incidence of adverse events was 10.7% within 1 hour of pericardiocentesis and 15.2% within 48 hours. There was no significant difference in the frequency of adverse events between the groups. Most adverse events identified were dysrhythmias. Forty‐one percent of those dogs with adverse events were euthanized or died within 48 hours.Conclusion –The incidence of adverse events seen within 48 hours of pericardiocentesis was 15.2%.
Factor VIII inhibitors complicating treatment of postoperative bleeding in a dog with hemophilia A
Authors: O'Kelley Benjamin M. , Whelan Megan F. , Brooks Marjory B. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective –To describe the clinical course of a dog with hemophilia A and circulating factor VIII inhibitors complicating the treatment of postoperative hemorrhage.Case Summary –A 7‐year‐old castrated male Japanese Chin with hemophilia A, weighing 6 kg, was presented for dental cleaning, polishing, and extractions. Despite presurgical administration of cryoprecipitate, continuous oral bleeding occurred. Circulating factor VIII inhibitors were detected, and the postoperative hemorrhage was subsequently managed with extensive and prolonged blood component transfusion. The dog was discharged after a full clinical recovery.New or Unique Information Provided –This case report describes the clinical consequences and successful treatment of postoperative hemorrhage in a dog with hemophilia A and circulating factor VIII inhibitors. A relevant discussion of the management of human patients with circulating factor VIII inhibitors is included.
Model‐Based Analysis of Potassium Removal During Hemodialysis
Authors: Ciandrini Andrea , Severi Stefano , Cavalcanti Silvio , Fontanazzi Francesco , Grandi Fabio , Buemi Michele , Mura Carlo , Bajardi Pietro , Badiali Fabio , Santoro Antonio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPotassium ion (K+) kinetics in intra‐ and extracellular compartments during dialysis was studied by means of a double‐pool computer model, which included potassium‐dependent active transport (Na‐K‐ATPase pump) in 38 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Each patient was treated for 2 weeks with a constant K+ dialysate concentration (K+CONST therapy) and afterward for 2 weeks with a time‐varying (profiled) K+ dialysate concentration (K+PROF therapy). The two therapies induced different levels of K+ plasma concentration (K+CONST: 3.71 ± 0.88 mmol/L vs. K+PROF: 3.97 ± 0.64 mmol/L, time‐averaged values, P < 0.01). The computer model was tuned to accurately fit plasmatic K+ measured in the course and 1 h after K+CONST and K+PROF therapies and was then used to simulate the kinetics of intra‐ and extracellular K+. Model‐based analysis showed that almost all the K+ removal in the first 90 min of dialysis was derived from the extracellular compartment. The different K+ time course in the dialysate and the consequently different Na‐K pump activity resulted in a different sharing of removed potassium mass at the end of dialysis: 56% ± 17% from the extracellular compartment in K+PROF versus 41% ± 14% in K+CONST. At the end of both therapies, the K+ distribution was largely unbalanced, and, in the next 3 h, K+ continued to flow in the extracellular space (about 24 mmol). After rebalancing, about 80% of the K+ mass that was removed derived from the intracellular compartment. In conclusion, the Na‐K pump plays a major role in K+ apportionment between extracellular and intracellular compartments, and potassium dialysate concentration strongly influences pump activity.
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Patients With Severe Hypertriglyceridemia: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Stefanutti Claudia , Di Giacomo Serafina , Vivenzio Antonio , Labbadia Giancarlo , Mazza Fabio , D'Alessandri Giovanna , Russi Giampaolo , De Silvestro Giustina , Marson Piero 
Published: July 2009

AbstractExtremely high plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration is a recognized risk factor for acute pancreatitis (AP). In order to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of plasma‐exchange plasmapheresis in treating patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (sHTG), 17 patients who had not responded to conventional medical therapy (fat‐free diet plus pharmaceutical interventions) were referred for therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in a multicenter frame case series study. Two hundred seventeen TPE sessions were performed, and therapy is ongoing for five (30%) of the patients. After treatment, the mean plasma TG and total cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced from 1929 and 510 mg/dL, to 762 and 227 mg/dL, respectively (P ≤ 0.001 in both cases). In most cases, the interval between treatments was related to the clinical presentation and individual circumstances. The removal of TG‐rich lipoproteins prevented relapses of AP. In this case series, TPE is confirmed as a safe and reliable method for treating patients with refractory sHTG when a severe complication, such as AP, is clinically demonstrated or can be actively prevented. Therefore, in cases where standard medical approaches fail to promote the clearance of TGs from plasma and a high risk of first or second hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis persists, TPE provides a therapeutic option for preventing life‐threatening sHTG.
Continuous Coronary Sinus Perfusion Reverses Ongoing Myocardial Damage in Acute Ischemia
Authors: Onorati Francesco , Santarpino Giuseppe , Cristodoro Lucia , Scalas Cristian , Costanzo Francesco Saverio , Renzulli Attilio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAcute cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest (CS/CA) before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) installation are life‐threatening events in acute coronary syndromes. We evaluated whether continuous retrograde warm‐blood perfusion (CRWBP) before aortic cross‐clamping (ACC), with immediate CPB installation may improve hospital results in these dreadful events. Hospital outcome of 18 coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (Group A) with CS/CA before CPB, with immediate CPB installation and CRWBP, has been compared with 24 CABG (Group B) with CS/CA undergoing only immediate CPB installation. No differences have been detected in the mean time to establish CPB (P = 0.655). Electrocardiography normalized in a significantly higher number of CRWBP (P = 0.0001). Group B showed longer CPB (116.2 ± 21.2 min vs. 157.8 ± 32.4; P = 0.0001) and postoperative intra‐aortic balloon pumping time course (36.2 ± 5.9 h vs. 77.8 ± 13.2; P = 0.0001). CRWBP reduced postoperative acute myocardial infarction (P = 0.004) and damage (P = 0.033), death (P = 0.026), and need for high inotropic support (0% vs. 37.5%; P =  0.003). Troponin I was significantly lower in Group A (P = 0.013 from coronary sinus; P ≤ 0.0001 at 12, 24, and 48 h postoperatively; P = 0.008 at 72 h), never reaching values suggestive of acute myocardial infarction. Group A had also lower lactate release from aortic declamping to 48 h postoperatively (P ≤ 0.0001). CRWBP improved postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) (P = 0.017) and wall motion score index (P = 0.041), whereas Group B showed a significant worsening of EF (P = 0.0001) and wall motion score index (P = 0.002). Patients in Group A had shorter intubation time (P = 0.0001), intensive therapy unit (ITU) stay (P = 0.001), and hospital stay (P = 0.0001). CRWBP reverses myocardial damage in patients with CS/CA during acute coronary syndromes, adding a straightforward benefit to hospital survival.
Myoelectric Hand Prosthesis Force Control Through Servo Motor Current Feedback
Authors: Sono Tálita Saemi Payossim , Menegaldo Luciano Luporini 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper presents the prehension force closed‐loop control design of a mechanical finger commanded by electromyographic signal (EMG) from a patient's arm. The control scheme was implemented and tested in a mechanical finger prototype with three degrees of freedom and one actuator, driven by arm muscles EMG of normal volunteers. Real‐time indirect estimation of prehension force was assessed by measuring the DC servo motor actuator current. A model of the plant comprising finger, motor, and grasped object was proposed. Model parameters were identified experimentally and a classical feedback phase‐lead compensator was designed. The controlled mechanical finger was able to provide a more accurate prehension force modulation of a compliant object when compared to open‐loop control.
Coronary Arteries Angiogenesis in Ischemic Myocardium: Biocompatibility and Biodegradability of Various Hydrogels
Authors: Shen Xiaodong , Tanaka Kuniyoshi , Takamori Atsushi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTo evaluate the biocompatibility and biodegradability of various hydrogels and choose suitable hydrogels for the coronary arteries angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium, we synthesized six kinds of hyaluronan hydrogels, fibrin hydrogel, poly(vinyl alcohol)‐chitosan hydrogel, and obtained elastin hydrogels. We examined their degradation rates and cytotoxicity in vitro. Then, hydrogels were implanted into rat adductor muscles for 1, 2, or 4 weeks. Hydrogels and surrounding tissues were resected, followed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemical staining for measurements of degradation, immune response, and angiogenesis. 2‐Iminothiolane grafted hyaluronan hydrogel and periodate oxidated hyaluronan hydrogel presented rapid degradation rates, low quantity of inflammation‐mediating cells (12 ± 3 and 12 ± 4 per 2.5 × 10−3 mm2, respectively, at week 2), thin fibrous capsules (scores were 3.8 ± 0.1 and 4.0 ± 0.3 per 0.33 mm2, respectively, at week 2) with dense blood vessels in the areas surrounding the implanted hydrogels. 2‐Iminothiolane grafted hyaluronan and periodate oxidated hyaluronan hydrogels with appropriate degradation rates and low immune responses were suitable for coronary arteries angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium.
TRANSFUSION PRACTICE: Liver donor's age and recipient's serum creatinine predict blood component use during liver transplantation
Authors: Modanlou Kian A. , Oliver Dana A. , Grossman Brenda J. 
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND: Excessive use of blood components during liver transplantation should be avoided because it has been associated with poor outcomes and it may stress blood bank resources.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To determine preoperative predictors of excessive transfusion requirements in patients undergoing liver transplantation, the clinical records of 126 consecutive adult patients undergoing primary liver transplantation were retrospectively reviewed. Outcome variables included number of red blood cells (RBCs), plasma, and plateletpheresis components intraoperatively transfused. Univariate analyses of the following predictor variables were performed: recipient age, sex, ethnicity, height/weight, Model for End Stage Liver Disease score, year of transplant, previous abdominal surgery, hepatoma, wait‐list time, standard recipient laboratory values obtained immediately before transplantation, cold ischemia time, donor age, sex, and height/weight. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was used to build a model that best predicted how many blood components should be available before transplant.RESULTS: Donor age of more than 50 years old (odds ratio [OR], 2.8 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3‐6.0), and recipient serum creatinine (SCr) level of more than 1.3 mg/dL (OR, 3.8 95% CI, 1.6‐8.9) were the only variables found to be predictive of RBC use in multivariate analysis. This model accurately predicted the use of more than 10 units of RBCs 79% of cases. Having both adverse factors present resulted in using more than one box in 80% of cases as compared to 44% of cases where only one or no adverse factor was present (p = 0.002). Further analyses showed a direct correlation between the number of RBCs transfused and plasma (r = 0.93) and plateletpheresis components (r = 0.74) transfused. [Corrections added after online publication 22‐Jul‐2009: OR updated from 3.8 to 2.8; CI from 1.6‐8.9 to 1.3‐6.0; OR from 2.8‐3.8.]CONCLUSION: Liver donor's age and recipient's SCr are important in preoperatively predicting blood use during liver transplantation.
BLOOD COMPONENTS: A new one‐platform flow cytometric method for residual cell counting in platelet concentrates
Authors: Schmidt Michael , Spengler Hans‐Peter , Lambrecht Bernd , Hourfar Michael K. , Seifried Erhard , Tonn Torsten 
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND: According to German regulations and guidelines, residual red blood cells (rRBCs) and residual white blood cells (rWBCs) must number fewer than 3 × 109 cells/unit and 1 × 106 cells/unit in platelet concentrates (PCs), respectively. Due to low levels of residual cells in final products, there is still a need for fast, reliable, and sensitive methods of automated detection of these cell types.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In Part A, 21 PCs were spiked with predetermined numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs). The linearity, precision, and accuracy of the BD Thrombo Count assay (BD Biosciences Europe) were tested and validated according to international guidelines. Finally in Part B, 100 PCs prepared from pooled buffy coats were tested by the BD Thrombo Count assay and compared with other methods, including Nageotte (rWBCs) and Neubauer (rRBCs) counting chambers and the flow cytometric BD LeucoCOUNT (Becton Dickinson) assay (rWBCs).RESULTS: The unspecific background of blank PC samples was fewer than 0.02 cells/µL for WBCs and fewer than 34 cells/µL for RBCs (mean, 21). Linear regression and precision analyses of spiked PC samples were determined for both WBCs (r2 = 0.992; range, 0.6‐6.0 WBCs/µL) and RBCs (r2 = 0.999; 800‐8000 RBCs/µL). No carryover of cells or drift in results was detected in the automated sample acquisition mode. Analysis according to statistical methods of Bland and Altman demonstrated a high correlation between BD Thrombo Count and the Neubauer manual counting chamber.CONCLUSION: This novel flow cytometric test is a quick and reliable single‐tube assay that has been demonstrated as a potential alternative for the existing manual microscopic counting procedures that are both time‐consuming and laborious.
BLOOD MANAGEMENT: Large‐dose intravenous ferric carboxymaltose injection for iron deficiency anemia in heavy uterine bleeding: a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Van Wyck David B. , Mangione Antoinette , Morrison John , Hadley Phillip Earl , Jehle Judi A. , Goodnough Lawrence Tim 
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND:The objective was to evaluate efficacy and safety of rapid, large‐dose intravenous (IV) administration of ferric carboxymaltose compared to oral iron in correcting iron deficiency anemia due to heavy uterine bleeding.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:In a randomized, controlled trial, 477 women with anemia, iron deficiency, and heavy uterine bleeding were assigned to receive either IV ferric carboxymaltose (≤1000 mg over 15 min, repeated weekly to achieve a total calculated replacement dose) or 325 mg of ferrous sulfate (65 mg elemental iron) prescribed orally thrice daily for 6 weeks.RESULTS:Compared to those assigned to ferrous sulfate, more patients assigned to ferric carboxymaltose responded with a hemoglobin (Hb) increase of 2.0 g/dL or more (82% vs. 62%, 95% confidence interval for treatment difference 12.2‐28.3, p < 0.001), more achieved a 3.0 g/dL or more increase (53% vs. 36%, p < 0.001), and more achieved correction (Hb ≥ 12 g/dL) of anemia (73% vs. 50%, p < 0.001). Patients treated with ferric carboxymaltose compared to those prescribed ferrous sulfate reported greater gains in vitality and physical function and experienced greater improvement in symptoms of fatigue (p < 0.05). There were no serious adverse drug events.CONCLUSIONS:In patients with iron deficiency anemia due to heavy uterine bleeding, rapid IV administration of large doses of a new iron agent, ferric carboxymaltose, is more effective than oral iron therapy in correcting anemia, replenishing iron stores, and improving quality of life.