bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plastic hinge length of reinforced concrete columns subjected to both far‐fault and near‐fault ground motions having forward directivity
Authors: Mortezaei Alireza , Ronagh Hamid Reza 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYIn a strong earthquake, a standard reinforced concrete (RC) column may develop plastic deformations in regions often termed as plastic hinge regions. A plastic hinge is basically an energy dampening device that dampens energy through the plastic rotation of a rigid column connection, which triggers redistribution of bending moments. The formation of a plastic hinge in an RC column in regions that experience inelastic actions depends on the characteristics of the earthquakes as well as the column details. Recordings from recent earthquakes have provided evidence that ground motions in the near field of a rupturing fault can contain a large energy or ‘directivity’ pulse. A directivity pulse occurs when the propagation of the fault proceeds at nearly the same rate as the shear wave velocity. This pulse is seen in the forward direction of the rupture and can cause considerable damage during an earthquake, especially to structures with natural periods that are close to those of the pulse. In the present paper, 1316 inelastic time‐history analyses have been performed to predict the nonlinear behaviour of RC columns under both far‐fault and near‐fault ground motions. The effects of axial load, height over depth ratio and amount of longitudinal reinforcement, as well as different characteristics of earthquakes, were evaluated analytically by finite element methods and the results were compared with corresponding experimental data. Based on the results, simple expressions were proposed that can be used to estimate plastic hinge length of RC columns subjected to both far‐fault and near‐fault earthquakes that contain a forward‐directivity effect. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual‐mixed hp finite element model for elastic cylindrical shells
Authors: Tóth B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA dimensionally reduced cylindrical shell model using a three‐field complementary energy‐based Hellinger–Reissner's variational principle of non‐symmetric stresses, rotations, and displacements is presented. An important property of the shell model is that the classical kinematical hypotheses regarding the deformation of the normal to the shell mid‐surface are not applied. A dual‐mixed hp finite element model with stable polynomial stress‐ and displacement interpolation and C0 continuous normal components of stresses is constructed and presented for the bending‐shearing problem, using unmodified three‐dimensional inverse stress‐strain relations for linearly elastic materials. It is shown through an example that the convergences in the energy norm as well as in the maximum norm of stresses and displacements are rapid for both h‐extension and p‐approximation, not only for thin but also for moderately thick shells loaded axisymmetrically, even if the Poisson ratio is close to the incompressibility limit of 0.5.
Antecedents to ambidexterity competency in high technology organizations⋆
Authors: Chandrasekaran Aravind , Linderman Kevin , Schroeder Roger 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHigh tech organizations confront dual demands of exploring new products/processes and exploiting existing products/processes. Research shows that ambidextrous organizations can better manage these dual demands, but our understanding of the antecedents that lead to ambidexterity is still emerging. In addition, previous research has taken a piecemeal approach to understand ambidexterity and does not fully consider its multilevel nature. This research takes a multilevel perspective and argues that a competency in ambidexterity involves three capabilities at different organizational levels: decision risk (strategic level), structural differentiation (project level), and contextual alignment (meso level). After correcting for endogeneity we empirically examine the relationship between these antecedents and ambidexterity competency by collecting multi‐level data from 34 high tech business units and 110 exploration and exploitation R&D projects. The results indicate that decision risk and contextual alignment affect ambidexterity competency for high tech organizations. Structural differentiation does not affect ambidexterity competency but has mixed effects on R&D project performance.
Prandtl and Rayleigh number dependence of heat transport in high Rayleigh number thermal convection
Authors: Stevens Richard J. A. M. , Lohse Detlef , Verzicco Roberto 
Published: October 2011

AbstractResults from direct numerical simulation for three-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard convection in samples of aspect ratio $\Gamma = 0. 23$ and $\Gamma = 1/ 2$ up to Rayleigh number $\mathit{Ra}= 2\ensuremath{\times} 1{0}^{12} $ are presented. The broad range of Prandtl numbers $0. 5\lt \mathit{Pr}\lt 10$ is considered. In contrast to some experiments, we do not see any increase in $\mathit{Nu}/ {\mathit{Ra}}^{1/ 3} $ with increasing $\mathit{Ra}$, neither due to an increasing $\mathit{Pr}$, nor due to constant heat flux boundary conditions at the bottom plate instead of constant temperature boundary conditions. Even at these very high $\mathit{Ra}$, both the thermal and kinetic boundary layer thicknesses obey Prandtl–Blasius scaling.
Natural occurrence of lethal aspergillosis in the cattle tickRhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus(Acari:Ixodidae)
Authors: MIRANDA-MIRANDA E. , COSSIO-BAYUGAR R. , MARTÍNEZ-IBAÑEZ F. , CASASANERO-ORDUÑA R. , FOLCH-MALLOL J. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to describe an unreported entomopathogenic fungus that naturally infects the cattle tickRhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus(Acari: Ixodidae). Engorged female ticks, showed symptoms of fungal infection after controlled tick infestation of cattle. Infected ticks developed a distinctive dark colour, a pale mould grew over the cuticle and the ticks eventually died covered with fungal conidiophores. The responsible fungus was isolated and cultured on mycological medium and submitted to microscopic morphology, biochemical phenotyping and 18S rRNA ribotyping analyses, which identified it as aflatoxin-producingAspergillus flavus. Spores from the cultured fungus were experimentally sprayed over healthy engorged female ticks, obtaining an 80% prevalence of experimental infection of healthy ticks and their egg masses, the larval progeny after incubation under laboratory conditions was also infected. These results demonstrate thatA. flavusis the causative agent of the natural fungal disease of the cattle tickR. microplusdescribed here.
Communities of place and communities of interest? An exploration of their changing role in later life
Authors: MEANS ROBIN , EVANS SIMON 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTSocial gerontologists have long grappled with the meaning of ‘community’ to older people. This paper lies within this tradition and focuses on the extent to which the past emphasis upon communities of place needs to be rebalanced or rethought in the light of emerging evidence for the growing engagement of older people in communities of interest linked to friendships, enthusiasms and their increasing spending power. This theoretical paper highlights the traditional emphasis on the role of community and place in later life and explores the emergence of a debate about communities of interest linked to such factors as the ‘discovery’ of ‘the Third Age’, marketisation, consumerism, the importance of social interaction in the lives of many older people, and the impact of the internet and virtual communities. This debate is placed in an international policy context in which numerous governments are concerned about the greying of the global population and the consequent desire to promote ‘ageing well’ to offset resultant health and social care costs. The paper argues for a reconceptualisation of community through a more sophisticated view of ‘place’ and ‘interest’ that avoids false dichotomies between the two and acknowledges the impact of social, economic and cultural change upon the lives of older people.
The Harmonious Unfortunate: new light on Catherine Tofts
Authors: Baldwin Olive , Wilson Thelma 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCatherine Tofts, ‘the first English prima donna’, was the female lead in the all-sung operas in the Italian style performed on the London stage from1705, but little has previously been known about her early life or musical training. This article draws on various sources, including her father's will, a petition she wrote in 1704 and Delarivier Manley's Memoirs of Europe to show that her family background was Scottish and that she grew up in the household of Bishop Gilbert Burnet. It names possible singing teachers and lovers, and shows that she did not leave the stage in 1709 because of mental instability, as has been assumed, but because of debt and the consequent need to escape from her creditors. The end of her career shows the difficulties faced by a leading English singer when Italians, particularly the castrati, came to dominate the operatic scene in London.
THE MOYNIHAN REPORT AND ITS AFTERMATHS
Authors: Gans Herbert J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Moynihan Report of 1965 will soon be fifty years old, and some social scientists now venerate it as a sterling application of social science data and analysis by the federal government. This author, who was directly involved in events connected with the release of the Report, does not agree; this article examines the shortcomings of the Report. I argue that Moynihan's analysis, which intended to investigate the ties between Black male unemployment and the Black family, actually devoted most of its attention to the high proportion of single-parent families in the poor Black population, treating it as one symptom of a “tangle of pathology” that stood in the way of this population's escape from joblessness and poverty. Today, the Report is being hailed as having predicted the current and still worsening state of the poor Black family. Moynihan's work is also being reinterpreted as an early application of cultural analysis, thereby further drawing attention away from the job-related issues which led Moynihan to undertake his study. Moynihan himself made significant contributions to antipoverty policy later in his career, but his Report does not deserve the worship it continues to receive.
POLITICAL HAIR
Authors: Johnson Kimberley S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article argues that African American hair is a political matter by examining the little-known role of state occupational licensing of African American hair care. By focusing on recent legal challenges and legislative battles over state regulation of hair-care provision for African Americans, the article traces state authorities' responses to struggles over market share between licensed, and often native-born, African American beauticians, and typically unlicensed, and often recent African immigrant, hair braiders. Hair braiders challenged state regulatory oversight by invoking racial deference claims, in which they argued that braiding was a “cultural practice” that should be exempt from state regulation. A statistical analysis of state regulatory decision making revealed that states varied widely in addressing the issue of African American hair care. While racial deference claims, in the form of legal cases, put pressure on states to exempt hair braiders from regulatory oversight, by and large, most states did not choose this path. For states that did choose to address the demands for market protection or market relief, the choices were mostly in the direction of enacting new regulations or actively incorporating hair braiders under existing regulations. Despite the invocation of racial deference claims, African American hair care was not freed from state oversight—state regulators became more flexible in their oversight of Black hair care rooted in their concerns over public safety as well as the demands from a variety of interest groups. The analysis reveals that when race/gender and state regulation intersect, traditional economic theories of occupational licensing are not sufficient; an intersectional approach can better explain policy outcomes.
“I Got That Something That Makes Me Want to Shout”: James Brown, Religion, and Gospel Music in Augusta, Georgia
Authors: ALLEN CARRIE 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUsing ethnographic and archival data, this article explores aspects of global superstar James Brown's participation in the black gospel music community of Augusta, Georgia, from the 1980s until his death in 2006. Using rare footage of Brown performing sacred music on a local gospel music television program, the article builds on scholars’ longtime recognition of Brown's engagement with black sacred song by engaging the singer's negotiation of sacred and secular musical and cultural boundaries from the perspective of his gospel performances. The article also examines Brown's personal relationships with local gospel musicians, ultimately arguing that his involvement with Augusta's gospel tradition near the end of his life provided Brown with an alternative social space for articulating a musical and personal identity somewhat separate from his mainstream media image.
Capturing context for heterogeneous corpus analysis
Authors: Adolphs Svenja , Knight Dawn , Carter Ronald 
Published: October 2011

Heterogeneous corpora are emergent multi-modal datasets which comprise a variety of different records of everyday communication, from SMS/MMS messages to interactions in virtual environments, and from GPS data to phone and video calls. By tracking a person’s specific (inter)actions over time and place, the analysis of such “ubiquitous” corpora enables more detailed investigations of the interface between different communicative modes.
This paper outlines some of the ways in which multi-modal, heterogeneous corpora can be utilised in corpus-based analyses of language-in-use and how we can construct richer descriptions of language use in relation to context. The paper further illustrates how the compilation of such corpora may enable us to extrapolate further information about communication across different speakers, media and environments, helping to generate useful insights into the extent to which everyday language and communicative choices are determined by different spatial, temporal and social contexts.
The ultimate source domain
Authors: Szwedek Aleksander 
Published: October 2011

Two fundamental problems remain unsolved: “what counts as experiential basis, [or] … what the typology of experiential bases might be” (Grady, Taub & Morgan, 1996), and the concrete-abstract distinction (Gibbs, 1996). The paper distinguishes between concrete entities as material, and abstract as non-material. In the material domain, we claim that the object schema is the ultimate, i.e. subject to no further metaphorization, source domain. All other domains depend on the object.
We analyse expressions referring to the abstract entities THOUGHT, FEAR and RACE (contest), and discuss neuroembryological evidence, psychological issues, the Great Chain of Being and Kotarbiński’s reism. In consequence of the sharp distinction between material and non-material entities, a new typology of metaphors is proposed: metonymy-based, concrete-to-abstract and abstract-to-abstract metaphors.
We suggest that in this order, the metaphorical processes may reflect the phylogenetic development of concrete-to-abstract thought. Furthermore, concrete-to-abstract metaphorization (objectification1), may have played the greatest role in the development of abstract thinking, through identifying, conceptualizing and assigning language expressions to abstract entities.
High CpG island methylator phenotype is associated with lymph node metastasis and prognosis in gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Hua‐Yun , Zhu Bao‐He , Zhang Chang‐Hua , Yang Dong‐Jie , Peng Jian‐Jun , Chen Jian‐Hui , Liu Fa‐Keng , He Yu‐Long 
Published: October 2011

Several studies have found that the promoter CpG island is frequently methylated in gastric cancer. The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) defines concordant methylation of multiple promoter CpG island loci in a subset of gastric cancer. However, the relationship between CIMP and lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer is unknown. Our study aimed to characterize the role of CIMP in lymph node metastasis. Clinical specimens from 120 patients were analyzed and PCR was used to detect the methylation status of five genes (ALX4, TMEFF2, CHCHD10, IGFBP3, and NPR1). We measured the level of mRNA for the five genes by real‐time RT‐PCR. Microsatellite instability and Helicobacter pylori infection status were assayed by capillary electrophoresis and real‐time PCR, respectively. DNA methylation in the five genes was correlated with low expression of the respective mRNA. With CIMP as the dependent variable, CIMP‐high gastric cancer tended to show more distant lymph node metastasis, higher pathologic tumor classification, more pathologic metastasis, and higher pathologic TNM status. Microsatellite instability and H. pylori status were not significant predictors of prognosis. CIMP‐high gastric cancer showed significantly worse survival compared with that of CIMP‐low/CIMP‐negative gastric cancer (P < 0.001). Our results show that there is an association between CIMP status and lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer and CIMP‐high was an independent prognostic factor. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 73–79)
Tectonic and climatic control on theLateMessinian sedimentary evolution of theNijarBasin (BeticCordillera,SouthernSpain)
Authors: Omodeo Salé Silvia , Gennari Rocco , Lugli Stefano , Manzi Vinicio , Roveri Marco 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTheLateMessinian fill of theNijarBasin (BeticCordillera, southeasternSpain) mainly consists of clastic deposits of theFeosFormation that at basin margins rest unconformably above the primary evaporites of theYesaresFormation, the local equivalent of theMediterraneanLowerGypsum. TheFeos Fm. records the upward transition towards non‐marine environments before the abrupt return to fully marine conditions at the base of thePliocene. TheFeos Fm. is clearly two‐phase, with ‘lower’and ‘upper’members, which exhibit substantial differences in terms of facies, thickness, depositional trends and cyclical organization. These members record two distinct sedimentary and tectonic stages ofNijarBasin infilling. A high‐resolution, physical‐stratigraphic framework is proposed based on key beds and stratigraphic cyclicity and patterns that differ largely from those of most previously published studies. The predominant influence on stratigraphic cyclicity is interpreted to be precessionally driven climate changes, allowing their correlation to theLateMessinian astronomically calibrated chronostratigraphic framework. Detailed correlations suggest a phase of enhanced tectonic activity, possibly related to theSerrata‐Carboneras strike‐slip fault zone, during the first stage (‘lower’member), resulting in a strongly articulated topography with structural lows and highs controlling sediment thickness and facies variation. Tectonic activity decreased during the second stage (‘upper’member), which is characterized by (1) a progressively dampened and homogenized, (2) overall relative base‐level rise and (3) gradual establishment of hypohaline environments. Facies characteristics, overall stacking patterns and depositional trends of theFeos Fm. are analogous with uppermostMessinian successions of theNorthernApennines,PiedmontBasin andCalabria. Despite minor differences related to the local geodynamic setting, these basins experienced a commonLateMessinian history that supports the development of a single, largeMediterranean water body characterized by high‐frequency, climatically‐driven changes in sediment flux and base‐level.
TET2 deletions are a recurrent but rare phenomenon in myeloid malignancies and are frequently accompanied by TET2 mutations on the remaining allele
Authors: Bacher Ulrike , Weissmann Sandra , Kohlmann Alexander , Schindela Sonja , Alpermann Tamara , Schnittger Susanne , Kern Wolfgang , Haferlach Torsten , Haferlach Claudia 
Published: October 2011

SummaryTET2 mutations have been identified in 10–25% of patients with myeloid malignancies, but TET2 gene copy number alterations remain to be evaluated. We performed interphase and metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using newly designed probes that span TET2, in 893 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and chronic myeloid malignancies and validated the new assay by single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. Next‐generation sequencing for molecular TET2 mutations was performed in 37/50 del(TET2) patients. We identified TET2 deletions in 50/893 patients (26 males, 24 females; 44–87 years) resulting in a 5·6% frequency [22/425 AML (5·2%), 15/217 chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML; 6·9%), 9/188 myelodysplastic syndromes (4·8%), 4/63 myeloproliferative neoplasms (6·3%)]. Cytogenetic alterations (mostly complex) were detected in 35/50 (70·0%) of del(TET2) cases. TET2 deletions were cytogenetically cryptic in 25/50 (50·0%). Sequencing detected TET2mut in 19/37 (51·4%) del(TET2) cases investigated, predominantly CMML (10/14; 71·4%). In de novo AML with intermediate cytogenetics, presence of any TET2 alteration was related to worse median overall survival (347 d vs. not reached; P = 0·052) and event‐free survival (164 vs. 457 d; P = 0·024). JAK2V617F was found in 6/18 (33·3%) del(TET2) cases analysed. Thus, TET2 haploinsufficiency recurrently occurs in myeloid malignancies, frequently combined with TET2 mutations on the remaining allele. The prognostic impact of del(TET2) in myeloid malignancies should be further evaluated.