bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of Transgene-Free Lung Disease-Specific Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Single Excisable Lentiviral Stem Cell Cassette
Authors: Somers Aba , Jean Jyh-Chang , Sommer Cesar A. , Omari Amel , Ford Christopher C. , Mills Jason A. , Ying Lei , Sommer Andreia Gianotti , Jean Jenny M. , Smith Brenden W. , Lafyatis Robert , Demierre Marie-France , Weiss Daniel J. , French Deborah L. , Gadue Paul , Murphy George J. , Mostoslavsky Gustavo , Kotton Darrell N. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The development of methods to achieve efficient reprogramming of human cells while avoiding the permanent presence of reprogramming transgenes represents a critical step toward the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) for clinical purposes, such as disease modeling or reconstituting therapies. Although several methods exist for generating iPSC free of reprogramming transgenes from mouse cells or neonatal normal human tissues, a sufficiently efficient reprogramming system is still needed to achieve the widespread derivation of disease-specific iPSC from humans with inherited or degenerative diseases. Here, we report the use of a humanized version of a single lentiviral “stem cell cassette” vector to accomplish efficient reprogramming of normal or diseased skin fibroblasts obtained from humans of virtually any age. Simultaneous transfer of either three or four reprogramming factors into human target cells using this single vector allows derivation of human iPSC containing a single excisable viral integration that on removal generates human iPSC free of integrated transgenes. As a proof of principle, here we apply this strategy to generate &gt;100 lung disease-specific iPSC lines from individuals with a variety of diseases affecting the epithelial, endothelial, or interstitial compartments of the lung, including cystic fibrosis, α-1 antitrypsin deficiency-related emphysema, scleroderma, and sickle-cell disease. Moreover, we demonstrate that human iPSC generated with this approach have the ability to robustly differentiate into definitive endoderm in vitro, the developmental precursor tissue of lung epithelia.
Undifferentiated Embryonic Cell Transcription Factor 1 Regulates ESC Chromatin Organization and Gene Expression
Authors: Kooistra Susanne M. , van den Boom Vincent , Thummer Rajkumar P. , Johannes Frank , Wardenaar René , Tesson Bruno M. , Veenhoff Liesbeth M. , Fusetti Fabrizia , O'Neill Laura P. , Turner Bryan M. , de Haan Gerald , Eggen Bart J. L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPrevious reports showed that embryonic stem (ES) cells contain hyperdynamic and globally transcribed chromatin—properties that are important for ES cell pluripotency and differentiation. Here, we demonstrate a role for undifferentiated embryonic cell transcription factor 1 (UTF1) in regulating ES cell chromatin structure. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip analysis, we identified &gt;1,700 UTF1 target genes that significantly overlap with previously identified Nanog, Oct4, Klf-4, c-Myc, and Rex1 targets. Gene expression profiling showed that UTF1 knock down results in increased expression of a large set of genes, including a significant number of UTF1 targets. UTF1 knock down (KD) ES cells are, irrespective of the increased expression of several self-renewal genes, Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) dependent. However, UTF1 KD ES cells are perturbed in their differentiation in response to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or after LIF withdrawal and display increased colony formation. UTF1 KD ES cells display extensive chromatin decondensation, reflected by a dramatic increase in nucleosome release on micrococcal nuclease (MNase) treatment and enhanced MNase sensitivity of UTF1 target genes in UTF1 KD ES cells. Summarizing, our data show that UTF1 is a key chromatin component in ES cells, preventing ES cell chromatin decondensation, and aberrant gene expression; both essential for proper initiation of lineage-specific differentiation of ES cells.
Neural Induction Intermediates Exhibit Distinct Roles of Fgf Signaling
Authors: Sterneckert Jared , Stehling Martin , Bernemann Christof , Araúzo-Bravo Marcos J. , Greber Boris , Gentile Luca , Ortmeier Claudia , Sinn Martina , Wu Guangming , Ruau David , Zenke Martin , Brintrup Rhea , Klein Diana C. , Ko Kinarm , Schöler Hans R. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Formation of the neural plate is an intricate process in early mammalian embryonic development mediated by cells of the inner cell mass and involving a series of steps, including development of the epiblast. Here, we report on the creation of an embryonic stem (ES) cell-based system to isolate and identify neural induction intermediates with characteristics of epiblast cells and neural plate. We demonstrate that neural commitment requires prior differentiation of ES cells into epiblast cells that are indistinguishable from those derived from natural embryos. We also demonstrate that epiblast cells can be isolated and cultured as epiblast stem cell lines. Fgf signaling is shown to be required for the differentiation of ES cells into these epiblast cells. Fgf2, widely used for maintenance of both human ES cells and epiblast stem cells, inhibits formation of early neural cells by epiblast intermediates in a dose-dependent manner and is sufficient to promote transient self-renewal of epiblast stem cells. In contrast, Fgf8, the endogenous embryonic neural inducer, fails to promote epiblast self-renewal, but rather promotes more homogenous neural induction with transient self-renewal of early neural cells. Removal of Fgf signaling entirely from epiblast cells promotes rapid neural induction and subsequent neurogenesis. We conclude that Fgf signaling plays different roles during the differentiation of ES cells, with an initial requirement in epiblast formation and a subsequent role in self-renewal. Fgf2 and Fgf8 thus stimulate self-renewal in different cell types.
Hatchling morphology and adaptation to host plants during juvenile stages in the butterfly Pieris napi
Authors: Ohata Masaaki , Furumoto Atsuko , Ohsaki Naota 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe adaptations of young insect larvae to factors causing mortality may not depend on whole‐body size but may instead depend substantially on the size of specific body parts. Using two closely related plant species, Arabis flagellosa, which has leaves that are tougher and difficult to digest, and A. gemmifera, which has leaves that are softer and difficult to convert, we showed that larvae of the butterfly Pieris napi exhibit specific adaptations through changes in body‐part size based on different traits of their host plants. For a given egg size, the head widths of hatchlings from eggs collected from A. flagellosa were significantly larger than those of hatchlings from eggs collected from A. gemmifera. In addition, larger heads were accompanied by smaller abdomens in hatchlings originating from A. flagellosa, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in hatchlings from A. gemmifera. The time to completion of the first feeding on leaves of A. gemmifera was not affected by either egg or head size regardless of the original food plant. However, the time to completion of the first feeding on A. flagellosa decreased with increasing head size of hatchlings, regardless of the original food plant. Furthermore, even though egg sizes did not differ between treatments, larvae originating from A. gemmifera and A. flagellosa exhibited similar weight gain on leaves of A. flagellosa, whereas larvae originating from A. gemmifera gained more weight than larvae from A. flagellosa when reared on leaves of A. gemmifera. These results suggest that selection in young larvae for adaptations to environmental conditions may operate on specific larval body‐part sizes.
Acellular porcine intestinal submucosa as fascial graft in an animal model: Applications for revision tympanoplasty
Authors: Ort Stuart A. , Ehrlich H. Paul , Isaacson Jon E. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVETo demonstrate regeneration of muscle fascia appropriate for future harvest with the use of acellular porcine intestinal submucosa in a rat model.STUDY DESIGNAnimal cohort study.SETTINGTertiary care academic medical center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSSixteen male Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent excision of rectus abdominis muscle fascia. A sheet of acellular porcine intestinal submucosa was placed in the fascia harvest defect. Graft and underlying muscle were harvested at three‐, six‐, and nine‐week intervals. Histologic examination, including immunohistology for anti‐von Willebrand factor, was performed at each timepoint. Additional selected specimens were subjected to latex vascular perfusion casts to examine vessel growth patterns within the graft.RESULTSGross examination revealed a new tissue plane, indistinguishable from surrounding native fascia. Histology revealed an initial inflammatory response within the graft. Progressive influx of native tissue was noted over successive timepoints. Via collagen‐specific staining, we noted progressive reorganization and maturation of the graft collagen matrix. At the final nine‐week time point, a new loose connective tissue plane was reestablished between the graft and underlying muscle. Immunohistochemistry and latex perfusion both demonstrate an initial development of small capillaries that progresses over time to greater organization and arteriole formation.CONCLUSIONFascia regeneration may be possible with use of an acellular porcine intestinal submucosa graft in an animal model. Future studies may prove beneficial in restoring fascia in humans. Implications for potential advantages in tympanoplasty are discussed.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Aging effect on galvanic vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials
Authors: Chang Chih‐Ming , Cheng Po‐Wen , Young Yi‐Ho 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVEThis study compared the characteristic parameters of vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) via galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) in healthy subjects of various ages to measure the effect of aging on GVS‐VEMPs.STUDY DESIGNProspective study.SETTINGUniversity hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSFifty‐two healthy subjects were divided into five groups by age. Each group consisted of 10 subjects in one decade (except 12 subjects in the group of 60 to 69 years). All subjects underwent VEMP testing via GVS with an intensity of 5 mA for 1 ms.RESULTSAll 10 subjects (20 ears) in each group aged 20 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49, and 50 to 59 years exhibited clear GVSVEMPs, whereas 20 (83%) of 24 ears in the group aged 60 to 69 years had clear GVS‐VEMPs, exhibiting nonsignificant differences in terms of prevalence between the groups of subjects younger and older than 60 years. The mean p13 and n23 latencies and p13‐n23 amplitude of the subjects in the groups aged 20 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, and 60 to 69 years differed significantly among the five groups: the p13 and n23 latencies of the group aged older than 60 years was significantly longer than those of subjects younger than 60 years and their p13‐n23 amplitude was lower.CONCLUSIONThe decline of the amplitude and prolongation of the latencies in GVS‐VEMPs after the age of 60 may, at least in part, be caused by the decrease in the number of vestibular afferents and their caliber.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Clinical value of office‐based endoscopic incisional biopsy in diagnosis of nasal cavity masses
Authors: Han Myung Woul , Lee Bong‐Jae , Jang Yong Ju , Chung Yoo‐Sam 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical features and the diagnostic accuracy of office‐based endoscopic incisional biopsy in patients with nasal cavity masses.STUDY DESIGNDiagnostic test assessment with chart review.SETTINGTertiary referral center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSFrom January 1997 to August 2006, preoperative diagnosis was achieved using endoscopic incisional biopsy in 521 patients. Cytopathologic and histologic findings were categorized as malignancy, benign neoplasm, or nonneoplastic lesion. Preoperative imaging was done in 462 patients (computed tomography: 438 cases; magnetic resonance imaging: 24 cases). We investigated the accuracy of endoscopic incisional biopsy and preoperative imaging by comparing it with pathologic results from tumor resection as the “gold standard.”RESULTSMost of the patients had unilateral nasal symptoms (e.g., nasal obstruction, unilateral epistaxis, unilateral facial pain), and the clinical symptoms were of little diagnostic value in the differentiation of tumor and inflammatory lesion. The sensitivity and specificity of endoscopic incisional biopsy were 43.7 and 98.9 percent, respectively, for the diagnosis of nasal cavity malignancies, and 78.2 and 96.2 percent, respectively, for the diagnosis of benign neoplasms. The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative imaging were 78.3 and 97.5 percent, respectively, for the diagnosis of nasal cavity malignancies and 66.4 and 86.3 percent, respectively, for the diagnosis of benign neoplasms. Combining the two modalities increased diagnostic accuracy in nasal cavity masses.CONCLUSIONEndoscopic incisional biopsy alone did not ensure accurate diagnosis of nasal cavity tumors, but in combination with preoperative imaging it was helpful for the diagnosis of nasal cavity malignancies.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Radiofrequency inferior turbinate reduction: An evaluation of olfactory and respiratory function
Authors: Garzaro Massimiliano , Pezzoli Matteo , Pecorari Giancarlo , Landolfo Vincenzo , Defilippi Simona , Giordano Carlo 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to assess the outcomes after radiofrequency inferior turbinate reduction (RITR) on objective and subjective nasal function in patients with nasal obstruction caused by turbinate hypertrophy and to evaluate the possible effect on olfactory function.STUDY DESIGNCase series with planned data collection.SETTINGENT division, university hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSForty consecutive patients who underwent RITR for allergic or nonallergic chronic rhinitis with inferior turbinate hypertrophy were tested before and two months after the surgical procedure, using the Sniffin’ Sticks test battery, anterior rhinomanometry, and the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale.RESULTSThe total basal nasal resistance at 150 Pa diminished significantly two months after surgery. Preoperative olfactory tests showed anosmia in five percent (n = 2) of the patients, hyposmia in 82 percent (n = 33), and normosmia in 12 percent (n = 5). At two months from the intervention, two percent (n = 1) were diagnosed as anosmic, 12 percent (n = 5) as hyposmic, and 85 percent (n = 34) as normosmic. The means of preoperative odor threshold (T), discrimination (D), identification (I), and the overall TDI score improved significantly postoperatively (P > 0.001). The NOSE score in the two‐month follow‐up improved in 97.5 percent (n = 39) of patients, with a mean difference in pre‐ vs. postintervention score of 40.12 (95% confidence interval 35.75‐44.25; P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONRITR may provide excellent outcomes in terms of improvement in olfactory function and nasal flow in patients affected by turbinate hypertrophy refractory to medical therapy.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
RESIDUAL PROPERTIES OF SIMPLE GRAPHS
Authors: TROTTA BELINDA 
Published: August 2010

AbstractClark et al. [‘The axiomatizability of topological prevarieties’, Adv. Math.218 (2008), 1604–1653] have shown that, for k≥2, there exists a Boolean topological graph that is k-colourable but not topologically k-colourable; that is, for every ϵ>0, it cannot be coloured by a paintbrush of width ϵ. We generalize this result to show that, for k≥2, there is a Boolean topological graph that is 2-colourable but not topologically k-colourable. This graph is an inverse limit of finite graphs which are shown to exist by an Erdős-style probabilistic argument of Hell and Nešetřil [‘The core of a graph’, Discrete Math.109 (1992), 117–126]. We use the fact that there exists a Boolean topological graph that is 2-colourable but not k-colourable, and some other results (some new and some previously known), to answer the question of which finitely generated topological residual classes of graphs are axiomatizable by universal Horn sentences. A more general version of this question was raised in the above-mentioned paper by Clark et al., and has been investigated by various authors for other structures.
ARISTOTELIAN ANCIENT CONSTITUTION AND ANTI-ARISTOTELIAN SOVEREIGNTY IN STUART IRELAND
Authors: CAMPBELL IAN W. S. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAristotelianism and anti-Aristotelianism are essential categories for the interpretation of political discourse in Stuart Ireland, Scotland, and England. In the 1650s, the Capuchin Richard O'Ferrall defined the future of the Irish kingdom by means of its past. This Irish ancient constitution was not anchored in J. G. A. Pocock's common law mind, but rather in Aristotelianism. Ancient constitution discourse in England and Scotland shared this Aristotelian basis. Responding to O'Ferrall, John Lynch, Catholic archdeacon of Tuam, employed openly anti-Aristotelian arguments which had been pioneered by the Jacobean attorney general for Ireland, Sir John Davies. Recognizing the Aristotelian and anti-Aristotelian nature of these discourses enables the incorporation of both Catholic and Protestant writers, whether educated in Ireland, England, or France, within a coherent account of political thought across the Stuart world.
TASTING LICHFIELD, TOUCHING CHINA: SIR JOHN FLOYER'S SENSES
Authors: JENNER MARK S. R. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTRecent years have seen the growth of a new and newly self-conscious cultural historiography of the senses. This article extends and critiques this literature through a case study of the sensory work and worlds of Sir John Floyer, a physician active in Lichfield during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Floyer is best known for his work on pulse-taking, something which he described as contributing to the art of feeling. Less well known is his first book – a discussion of the tastes of the world and their therapeutic possibilities. The article explicates, contextualizes, and relates these two books and uses this analysis to suggest ways of refining and developing the wider historiography of the senses. It demonstrates how they reveal that what Floyer sensed was closely bound up with the changing ways in which he sensed, particularly when he began feeling the pulse in a ‘Chinese’ style. This, the article concludes, suggests that historians of the senses need fundamentally to reconsider the model of culture which underpins their work, focusing less on the ways in which people have interpreted or ordered sensory stimuli, and rather analysing the senses as forms of skill or dynamic ways of engaging with the world.
POCOCK AND THE PRESUPPOSITIONS OF THE NEW BRITISH HISTORY
Authors: BOURKE RICHARD 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis article recovers the rationale behind the project to found a ‘new’ British history undertaken by J. G. A. Pocock in the early 1970s, and contrasts this with the approach adopted in the subsequent historiography. The article argues that British history as conceived by Pocock was intended to transcend the parochialism of national history whilst also rehabilitating the writing of imperial history without succumbing to the temptations of metropolitan whiggism. Pocock's perspective was constructed against the backdrop of a British withdrawal from empire and led him to a neo-Seeleyan interest in the dynamics of imperial expansion and retrenchment. While this process is best understood through the comparative study of empires, any such undertaking raises complex questions about the ultimate subject of historical inquiry and the nature of historical explanation. In addressing these questions, this article distinguishes the ambition to write the history of a polity from the aim of writing histories of ‘party’ as originally formulated by the historians of the Scottish enlightenment whose work has been among Pocock's abiding subjects of investigation.
MATERNAL SOCIOECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEX RATIO AT BIRTH IN VIETNAM
Authors: PHAM BANG NGUYEN , ADAIR TIMOTHY , HILL PETER S. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn recent years Vietnam has experienced a high sex ratio at birth (SRB) amidst rapid socioeconomic and demographic changes. However, little is known about the differentials in SRB between maternal socioeconomic and demographic groups. The paper uses data from the annual Population Change Survey (PCS) in 2006 to examine the relationship of the sex ratio of the most recent birth with maternal socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and the number of previous female births. The SRB of Vietnam was significantly high at 111.4 (95% CI 109.7–113.1) for the period 1st April 2000 to 31st March 2006. Multivariate analysis reveals that sex of the most recent birth is strongly related with the number of previous female births. This association is consistent across different socioeconomic and demographic groups of women. Given the high SRB in Vietnam, further research into the reasons for high SRB in these groups is required, as are intervention programmes such as those raising the public awareness of its negative consequences.
Bridging community associations in post-conflict Burundi: the difficult merging of social capital endowments and new ‘institutional settings’
Authors: Vervisch Thomas , Titeca Kristof 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAssociations have been labelled the main ‘building blocks’ for creating social capital. It has been argued that community associations need to transform ‘bonding’ into ‘bridging’ ties to ‘reach out’ while also creating ‘linking’ ties to ‘scale up’. External development actions follow a reverse logic in promoting these associations: they assume that linking ties with the external intervener will reinforce prior social capital endowments. This article highlights the inherent difficulties of such a ‘social engineering’ approach in the context of post-conflict reconstruction, describing three development interventions in the north of Burundi. It defines the process of ‘institutional syncretism’ – merging local with global institutional settings – as a key element to social capital building. The findings illustrate how the three interventions failed to reach this objective, and question ‘bridging’ associations as ‘universal blueprints’ for restoring social cohesion within the liberal peace model for post-conflict reconstruction.
Dialect divergence and convergence in New Zealand English
Authors: Babel Molly 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRecent research has been concerned with whether speech accommodation is an automatic process or determined by social factors (e.g. Trudgill 2008). This paper investigates phonetic accommodation in New Zealand English when speakers of NZE are responding to an Australian talker in a speech production task. NZ participants were randomly assigned to either a Positive or Negative group, where they were either flattered or insulted by the Australian. Overall, the NZE speakers accommodated to the speech of the AuE speaker. The flattery/insult manipulation did not influence degree of accommodation, but accommodation was predicted by participants' scores on an Implicit Association Task that measured Australia and New Zealand biases. Participants who scored with a pro-Australia bias were more likely to accommodate to the speech of the AuE speaker. Social biases about how a participant feels about a speaker predicted the extent of accommodation. These biases are, crucially, simultaneously automatic and social. (Speech accommodation, phonetic convergence, New Zealand English, dialect contact)*