bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of Calcium Hydroxide Islands in Tricalcium Silicate‐Based Cements at Early Age
Authors: Xie Tiantian , Biernacki Joseph J. 
Published: June 2012

Microstructural characteristics of hydrated triclinic tricalcium silicate [C3S(t)], monoclinic tricalcium silicate (alite), and type I portland cement at ages between time zero and 28 days were observed using electron microscopy. Image analysis was used to follow the development of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and calcium silicate hydrate at micro‐ and meso‐length scales. In all cases, easily recognizable islands of Ca(OH)2 were noted to form, though the morphology and rate of formation differed for the three cement types. The formation of these islands was found to influence hydration by hindering the reaction of unhydrated cement particles that are embedded within their largely Ca(OH)2‐bearing matrix. Such may be important features to include and validate in developing microstructural and other forms of computational models. The extent to which such microstructural features influence the local rates of reaction seems to depend, at least in part, upon the crystallography of the C3S.
Low Sintering Temperature Microwave Dielectric Ceramics and Composites Based on Bi2O3 –B2O3
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Zhang Weijun , Zalinska Beata , Sterianou Iasmi , Bai Shuxin , Reaney Ian M. 
Published: June 2012

Phase evolution, sintering behavior, and microwave dielectric properties of compounds within the
Bi

2

O

3–
B

2

O

3 phase diagram have been investigated. Two promising ceramics,
Bi

6

B

10

O

24 and
Bi

4

B

2

O

9, were fabricated which densified at 700°C and 660°C with permittivity, εr = 10 and 39, microwave quality factor, Qf
0 = 10800 and 2600 GHz, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency, τf = −41 and −203 ppm/oC, respectively. The unusually large –ve τf, high εr and reasonable values of Qf
0 of
Bi

4

B

2

O

9 coupled with its low sintering temperature suggested that it may be useful in the fabrication of temperature‐stable composites with high εr, +ve τf end members. Composites were, therefore, fabricated of x

Bi

4

B

2

O

9 with (1−x)
BaNd

2

Ti

4

O

12 (x

BB
–
BNT
), and (1−x)[0.2
CaTiO

3−0.8(
Li

0.5

Nd

0.5)
TiO

3] (x

BB
–
CTLNT
), respectively (x is in wt%). In each case, the sintering temperature to achieve > 95% theoretical density was reduced by ≥150°C to 1200°C. Optimum properties were achieved for 0.075
BB
–
BNT
with εr = 86, Qf
0 = 5400 GHz, and τf = 4 ppm/°C, and for 0.04
BB
–
CTLNT
with εr = 127, Qf
0 = 2700 GHz, and τf = −4 ppm/°C. Unusually for composites, Qf
0 did not significantly deteriorate and εr increased markedly with respect to the high‐permittivity end‐member for composites with x < 0.1. Optimized compositions are suitable for applications in dielectrically loaded antennas and in C0G high‐frequency filter applications.
Luminescent Properties of Praseodymium in CaWO4 Matrix
Authors: Wu Haoyi , Hu Yihua , Kang Fengwen , Li Nana , Ju Guifang , Mu Zhongfei , Yang Zhongfu 
Published: June 2012

Praseodymium (Pr3+) with rich f energy levels can generate various visible emissions, but the luminescence of Pr3+ in a CaWO4 matrix has not yet been studied. In this article, the phosphors of Pr3+‐doped CaWO4 were synthesized via a high temperature solid‐state reaction, and the photoluminescence (PL) and afterglow properties of Pr3+ in the CaWO4 matrix were investigated. The phase identifications of the samples show that an impure monoclinic phase appears when the Pr3+ concentration is high. The results of PL exhibit the usual Pr3+ characteristic emissions as well as an emission that is produced by the charge transfer from 5d of W6+ to 2p of O2− under a shortwave ultraviolet excitation. An intermediate energy transfer occurs during the charge transfer which induces the afterglow. The quenching point of Pr3+ in CaWO4 is 2 mol%, corresponding to the critical energy transfer distance of ~20 Å. The quenching mechanism in the Pr3+‐doped CaWO4 is the dipole‐dipole interaction. The Ca2+ vacancies (VCa) are the defects that induce the traps and capture holes from O2−. The thermal energy of holes liberation from VCa to O2− results in the charge transfer accompanied by an energy transfer to Pr3+, and consequently generates the afterglow. The experimental results also show that the afterglow characteristics of Pr3+ are prolonged by incorporating Pr3+ in the CaWO4 matrix.
Nanocrystallization of TiO2 Anatase Phase in Hydrophobic BaO–TiO2–B2O3 Glass System
Authors: Paramesh Gadige , Varma Kalidindi B. R. 
Published: June 2012

Transparent colorless glasses in the ternary BaO–TiO2–B2O3 system were fabricated via conventional melt‐quenching technique. The glasses with certain molar concentrations of BaO and TiO2 on heat treatment at appropriate temperatures yielded nanocrystalline phase of TiO2 associated with the crystallite size in the 5–15 nm range. Nanocrystallized glasses exhibited high refractive index (n = 2.15) measured at λ = 543 nm. These glasses were found to be hydrophobic in nature associated with the contact angle of 90o. These high‐index glass nanocrystal composites would be of potential interest for optical device applications.
Dietary pattern and oral cancer risk – a factor analysis study
Authors: Helen‐Ng Lee Ching , Razak Ishak A. , Ghani Wan Maria Nabillah , Marhazlinda Jamaluddin , Norain Abdul Talib , Raja Jallaludin Raja‐Latifah , Rahman Zainal Ariff Abdul , Abdullah Norlida , Zain Rosnah B. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe role of diet in cancer risk has mainly been investigated based on intake of individual food items. However, food consumption is made up of a combination of various food items. This study aims to determine the association of dietary patterns with oral cancer risk.MethodsA total of 306 matched cases and controls were recruited in this study. Data on dietary intake were obtained using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Factor analysis (FA) was performed to identify dietary patterns based on the intake of nine major food groups, resulting in four factors/components being retained. The odds ratio (OR) was computed for each component using conditional logistic regression.ResultsThe first pattern labelled as ‘modern’ was loaded with processed foods and snacks, whereas the second pattern termed as ‘prudent’ was characterized by intake of fruits and vegetables. The third pattern labelled as ‘traditional’ consisted of beverages and starches, while the fourth pattern termed as ‘combination’ was loaded with intakes of dairy, fermented/salted and meat/by‐products. A significant reduced risk was found for ‘prudent’ (OR 0.53, 95% CI = 0.28–0.98), whereas an increased risk was found for both ‘combination’ (OR 2.43, 95% CI = 1.33–4.45) and ‘traditional’ (OR 2.32, 95% CI = 1.23–4.25) patterns. However, after adjusting for risk habits of tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing, only ‘combination’ (aOR 2.99, 95% CI = 1.55–5.75) and ‘traditional’ (aOR 2.08, 95% CI = 1.09–3.97) patterns remained significant.ConclusionConsumption in the highest tertile of ‘traditional’ and ‘combination’ patterns may induce twice and thrice the risk of oral cancer, respectively.
Contact allergy to air‐exposed geraniol: clinical observations and report of 14 cases
Authors: Hagvall Lina , Karlberg Ann‐Therese , Bråred Christensson Johanna 
Published: June 2012

Background. The fragrance terpene geraniol forms sensitizing compounds via autoxidation and skin metabolism. Geranial and neral, the two isomers of citral, are the major haptens formed in both of these activation pathways.Objectives. To investigate whether testing with oxidized geraniol detects more cases of contact allergy than testing with pure geraniol.Patients and methods. The pattern of reactions to pure and oxidized geraniol, and metabolites/autoxidation products, was studied to investigate the importance of autoxidation or cutaneous metabolism in contact allergy to geraniol. Pure and oxidized geraniol were tested at 2.0% petrolatum in 2227 and 2179 consecutive patients, respectively. In parallel, geranial, neral and citral were tested in 2152, 1626 and 1055 consecutive patients, respectively.Results. Pure and oxidized geraniol gave positive patch test reactions in 0.13% and 0.55% of the patients, respectively. Eight of 11 patients with positive patch test reactions to oxidized geraniol also reacted to citral or its components. Relevance for the positive patch test reactions in relation to the patients' dermatitis was found in 11 of 14 cases.Conclusions. Testing with oxidized geraniol could detect more cases of contact allergy to geraniol. The reaction pattern of the 14 cases presented indicates that both autoxidation and metabolism could be important in sensitization to geraniol.
In vitro evaluation of the suppressor potential of conditioned medium from benign myoepithelial cells from pleomorphic adenoma in malignant cell invasion
Authors: da Silva Alessandra Dutra , Silva Carolina Amália Barcellos , Montalli Victor Angelo Martins , Martinez Elizabeth Ferreira , de Araújo Vera Cavalcanti , Furuse Cristiane 
Published: June 2012

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 610–614Tumoral invasion process is the result of a complex interaction between the tumor cells and microenvironment which plays an important role in modulating the growth and invasion of the cancer. The myoepithelial cells, present in glandular organs such as the breast and salivary glands, seem to exert paracrine effects on the glandular epithelium, acting as natural tumor suppressors. To verify the influence of the benign myoepithelial cells in the invasion of malignant cells, simulating an in situ carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, we have cultured three different high‐potential invasive malignant tumors (breast ductal adenocarcinoma, melanoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma) in conditioned medium of myoepithelial cells from salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas using transwell chambers with 8‐μm pores membrane coated with matrigel. After 96 h, quantitative analyses of the results were performed by calculating the invasion index (number of cells that invaded in relation to the total number of cells). The results showed that there was a reduction of the invasion index mean for the three different malignant tumors. This study supports a tumoral suppressor function of the myoepithelial cells from pleomorphic adenoma in in vitro invasion process.
Oral and Genital Human Herpesvirus 8 and Human Papillomavirus in heterosexual partners
Authors: da Mota Vasconcelos Brasil Catarina , Ribeiro Camila Maria Beder , Leão Jair Carneiro 
Published: June 2012

Background:  The purpose of this study was to verify a possible co‐infection of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) in commonly associated human papillomavirus (HPV) penile lesions and to determine the frequency of detection of these viruses in the oral mucosa of their female counterparts.Methods:  Thirty‐one male subjects underwent penile swabs from clinical HPV‐related lesions. Their female counterparts underwent swabs of the vagina, uterine cervix, and oral mucosa. HPV and HHV‐8 detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction using the consensus primers MY11/MY09 and KS1/KS2, respectively.Results:  HPV DNA was detected in 31/31 penile lesions. HPV DNA was also detected in 18/31 (58%) female genital brushings and 17/31 (54%) female oral brushings. HHV‐8 DNA was detected in 1/31 (3.2%) male genital brushings and 3/31 (9.6%) female oral mucosa brushings. None of the female genital brushings were HHV‐8 DNA‐infected.Conclusions:  Based upon the results of this study, co‐infection between HPV and HHV‐8 in malignant and pre‐malignant penile lesions is an unlikely finding.
OCRL1Modulates Cilia Length in Renal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Rbaibi Youssef , Cui Shanshan , Mo Di , Carattino Marcelo , Rohatgi Rajeev , Satlin Lisa M. , Szalinski Christina M. , Swanhart Lisa M. , Fölsch Heike , Hukriede Neil A. , Weisz Ora A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLowe syndrome is an X‐linked disorder characterized by cataracts at birth, mental retardation and progressive renal malfunction that results from loss of function of theOCRL1(oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe) protein.OCRL1is a lipid phosphatase that converts phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate to phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate. The renal pathogenesis of Lowe syndrome patients has been suggested to result from alterations in membrane trafficking, but this cannot fully explain the disease progression. We found that knockdown ofOCRL1in zebrafish caused developmental defects consistent with disruption of ciliary function, including body axis curvature, pericardial edema, hydrocephaly and impaired renal clearance. In addition, cilia in the proximal tubule of the zebrafish pronephric kidney were longer inocrlmorphant embryos. We also found that knockdown ofOCRL1in polarized renal epithelial cells caused elongation of the primary cilium and disrupted formation of cysts in three‐dimensional cultures. Calcium release in response toATPwas blunted inOCRL1knockdown cells, suggesting changes in signaling that could lead to altered cell function. Our results suggest a new role forOCRL1in renal epithelial cell function that could contribute to the pathogenesis of Lowe syndrome.
American Grace: The Theological Price
Authors: Flanagan Kieran 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe study, American Grace by Putnam and Campbell affirms the sociological significance of religion as a distinctive vitalising form of social capital. With its stress on virtues of trust, altruism and communal affiliation realised through social networking in congregations, this civil religion, one peculiar to the U.S.A., accomplishes a form of grace that resolves the puzzle of belief and pluralism by generating harmony and religious tolerance. This solution bears a price of rendering religion as end in itself, one detached from exclusivist theological claims in regard to salvation. In exposing this conundrum, the study reveals a highly significant and unexpected facet of the secularisation thesis.
Identification of quantitative trait loci for rice grain element composition on an arsenic impacted soil: Influence of flowering time on genetic loci
Authors: Norton G.J. , Duan G.-L. , Lei M. , Zhu Y.‐G. , Meharg A.A. , Price A.H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractElements in grain crops such as iron, zinc and selenium are essential in the human diet, whereas elements such as arsenic are potentially toxic to humans. This study aims to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for trace elements in rice grain. A field experiment was conducted in an arsenic enriched field site in Qiyang, China using the Bala × Azucena mapping population grown under standard field conditions. Grains were subjected to elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. QTLs were detected for the elemental composition within the rice grains, including for iron and selenium, which have previously been detected in this population grown at another location, indicating the stability of these QTLs. A correlation was observed between flowering time and a number of the element concentrations in grains, which was also revealed as co‐localisation between flowering time QTLs and grain element QTLs. Unravelling the environmental conditions that influence the grain ionome appears to be complex, but from the results in this study one of the major factors which controls the accumulation of elements within the grain is flowering time.
Salicylic acid‐mediated elicitation of tomato defence against infection by potato purple top phytoplasma
Authors: Wu W. , Ding Y. , Wei W. , Davis R.E. , Lee I.‐M. , Hammond R.W. , Zhao Y. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRecent outbreaks and continued spread of diseases caused by phytoplasmas in potato, tomato and other vegetable crops in the USA accentuates the need for practical strategies to mitigate the impact of the phytoplasmal diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) on healthy tomato seedlings would enhance the plants' defence against a subsequent potato purple top (PPT) phytoplasma infection. Our results showed that a twice‐applied SA pretreatment, at 4 and 2 days before phytoplasma inoculation, significantly decreased the rate of PPT phytoplasma infection and reduced disease symptoms. At 40 days postinoculation (dpi), while 94% of the PPT phytoplasma‐inoculated control plants exhibited characteristic PPT symptoms, 53% of the SA‐pretreated, PPT phytoplasma‐inoculated plants remained symptom‐free with no molecular evidence of phytoplasma infection. The remaining 47% of SA‐treated plants became infected, but symptoms were much milder and the average phytoplasma titre was more than 300 times lower compared with that in control plants. Real‐time qRT‐PCR assays revealed that SA‐pretreatment caused transcriptional reprogramming of three defence‐related genes. Up‐regulations of a WRKY‐type transcriptional factor gene (LeWRKY1) and a mitogen‐activated protein kinase gene (LeMPK3) in an early stage following graft inoculation, and a sustained higher level expression of a downstream pathogenesis‐related protein gene (LePRP1), were observed in SA‐pretreated, PPT phytoplasma‐inoculated plants. With the dosage and treatment regime implemented in this study, no noticeable phytotoxic effects or other negative impact on vegetative growth or reproductive development was observed in SA‐treated plants throughout our experiment. Our findings encourage field trials of SA pretreatment as a possible approach to protect crops from phytoplasmal diseases.
sGC stimulation totally reverses hypoxia‐induced pulmonary vasoconstriction alone and combined with dual endothelin‐receptor blockade in a porcine model
Authors: Lundgren J. , Kylhammar D. , Hedelin P. , Rådegran G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimStimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) with BAY 41‐8543 was hypothesized to attenuate acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction alone and combined with dual endothelin (ET)‐receptor antagonist tezosentan.MethodsMeasurements were taken in 18 anaesthetized pigs with a mean ± SEM weight of 31.1 ± 0.4 kg, in normoxia (FiO2~0.21) and hypoxia (FiO2~0.10) without (control protocol, n = 6), and with right atrial infusion of BAY 41‐8543 at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 μg min−1per kg (protocol 2, n = 6) or tezosentan at 5 mg kg−1 followed by BAY 41‐8543 at 1, 3 and 6 μg min−1per kg (protocol 3, n = 6).ResultsHypoxia (n = 18) increased (P < 0.001) mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) by 14.2 ± 0.6 mmHg and 2.8 ± 0.3 WU respectively. During sustained hypoxia without treatment, MPAP and PVR remained stable. BAY 41‐8543 (n = 6) dose‐dependently decreased (P < 0.001) MPAP and PVR by 15.0 ± 1.2 mmHg and 4.7 ± 0.7 WU respectively. Tezosentan (n = 6) decreased (P < 0.001) MPAP and PVR by 11.8 ± 1.2 mmHg and 2.0 ± 0.2 WU, respectively, whereafter BAY 41‐8543 (n = 6) further decreased (P < 0.001) MPAP and PVR by 6.6 ± 0.9 mmHg and 1.9 ± 0.4 WU respectively. Both BAY 41‐8543 and tezosentan decreased (P < 0.001) systemic arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance. Blood‐O2 consumption remained unaltered (P = ns) during all interventions.ConclusionBAY 41‐8543 totally reverses the effects of acute hypoxia‐induced pulmonary vasoconstriction, and enhances the attenuating effects of tezosentan, without affecting oxygenation. Thus, sGC stimulation, alone or combined with dual ET‐receptor blockade, could offer a means to treat pulmonary hypertension related to hypoxia and potentially other causes.
Melanoma revives an embryonic migration program to promote plasticity and invasion
Authors: Bailey Caleb M. , Morrison Jason A. , Kulesa Paul M. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryCancer cells must regulate plasticity and invasion to survive and metastasize. However, the identification of targetable mechanisms to inhibit metastasis has been slow. Signaling programs that drive stem and progenitor cells during normal development offer an inroad to discover mechanisms common to metastasis. Using a chick embryo transplant model, we have compared molecular signaling programs of melanoma and their embryonic progenitors, the neural crest. We report that malignant melanoma cells hijack portions of the embryonic neural crest invasion program. Genes associated with neural crest induction, delamination, and migration are dynamically regulated by melanoma cells exposed to an embryonic neural crest microenvironment. Specifically, we demonstrate that metastatic melanoma cells exploit neural crest‐related receptor tyrosine kinases to increase plasticity and facilitate invasion while primary melanocytes may actively suppress these responses under the same microenvironmental conditions. We conclude that aberrant regulation of neural crest developmental genes promotes plasticity and invasiveness in malignant melanoma.
Seasonal Diversity of Planktonic Protists in Southwestern Alberta Rivers over a 1-Year Period as Revealed by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and 18S rRNA Gene Library Analyses
Authors: Thomas Matthew C. , Selinger L. Brent , Inglis G. Douglas 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
The temporal dynamics of planktonic protists in river water have received limited attention despite their ecological significance and recent studies linking phagotrophic protists to the persistence of human-pathogenic bacteria. Using molecular-based techniques targeting the 18S rRNA gene, we studied the seasonal diversity of planktonic protists in Southwestern Alberta rivers (Oldman River Basin) over a 1-year period. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) data revealed distinct shifts in protistan community profiles that corresponded to season rather than geographical location. Community structures were examined by using clone library analysis; HaeIII restriction profiles of 18S rRNA gene amplicons were used to remove prevalent solanaceous plant clones prior to sequencing. Sanger sequencing of the V1-to-V3 region of the 18S rRNA gene libraries from spring, summer, fall, and winter supported the T-RFLP results and showed marked seasonal differences in the protistan community structure. The spring library was dominated by Chloroplastidae (29.8%), Centrohelida (28.1%), and Alveolata (25.5%), while the summer and fall libraries contained primarily fungal clones (83.0% and 88.0%, respectively). Alveolata (35.6%), Euglenozoa (24.4%), Chloroplastida (15.6%), and Fungi (15.6%) dominated the winter library. These data demonstrate that planktonic protists, including protozoa, are abundant in river water in Southwestern Alberta and that conspicuous seasonal shifts occur in the community structure.