bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Implant Stability by Means of Resonance Frequency Analysis for Flapless and Conventionally Inserted Implants
Authors: Katsoulis Joannis , Avrampou Marianna , Spycher Christian , Stipic Marko , Enkling Norbert , Mericske‐Stern Regina 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is a noninvasive technique for the quantitative assessment of implant stability. Information on the implant stability quotient (ISQ) of transmucosally inserted implants is limited.Purpose: The aim of this investigation was to compare the ISQ of conventionally inserted implants by raising a muco‐periostal flap with implants inserted using a flapless procedure.Materials and Methods: Forty elderly patients with complete edentulous maxilla were consecutively admitted for treatment with implant‐supported prostheses. A computer tomography was obtained for the computer‐assisted implant planning. One hundred ten implants were placed conventionally in 23 patients (flap‐group) and 85 implants in 17 patients by means of the flapless method (flapless‐group) using a stereolithographic template. RFA measurements were performed after implant placement (baseline) and after a healing time of 12 weeks (reentry).Results: All implants exhibited clinically and radiographically successful osseointegration. Bone level did not change significantly neither for genders nor type of surgical protocol. Mean ISQ values of the flapless‐group were significantly higher at baseline (p < .001) and at reentry (p < .001) compared with the flap‐group. The ISQ values were significantly lower at reentry compared with baseline for the flap‐group (p = .028) but not for the flapless‐group. This group showed a moderate, but insignificant increase. RFA measurements of males resulted in ISQ values that were thoroughly higher as compared with females at both time‐points in both groups. Correlation between RFA and bone level was not found.Conclusions: The flapless procedure showed favorable conditions with regard to implant stability and crestal bone level. Some changes of the ISQ values that represent primary (mechanical) and secondary (bone remodeling) implant stability were observed in slight favor of the flapless method and male patients. In properly planned and well‐selected cases, the minimal invasive transmucosal technique using a drill‐guide is a safe procedure.
Fixed Implant‐Supported Prostheses in Elderly Patients: A 5‐Year Retrospective Comparison between Partially and Completely Edentulous Patients Aged 80 Years or Older at Implant Surgery
Authors: Kowar Jan , Eriksson Annelie , Jemt Torsten 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: Knowledge on implant treatment in the partially edentulous patient is low for elderly patients aged 80 years or older at inclusion.Purpose: The objective of this study was to report and compare the clinical and radiological performance of implant treatment in edentulous and partially edentulous elderly patients during 5 years in function.Material and Methods: Altogether, 192 edentulous (control) and 72 partially edentulous (study) patients, consecutively treated and provided with 1,091 and 265 Brånemark implants, respectively, were included during a period between January 1986 and December 2003, and followed‐up for 5 years. Clinical information was retrospectively retrieved from patient files and intraoral radiographs were analyzed for examinations at prosthesis placement and after 1 and 5 years in function.Results: Altogether, 92 (48%) control and 24 (33%) study patients were lost to follow‐up during the 5‐year period. In total, 13 (4.9%) and 26 (2.4%) implants were in the study and control groups, respectively, were lost during follow‐up, resulting in a comparable 5‐year implant cumulative survival rate ranging from 93.9% to 99.3% for upper and lower jaws for study and control groups, respectively. Comparable mean marginal bone loss during 5 years, ranging from 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm, was also observed in the groups. The most common complications for patients in both study and control group were soft tissue inflammation (mucositis). Patients included in the first years of the inclusion (1986–1991) period showed comparable results as patient included at the last part of the inclusion period (1998–2003).Conclusions: Implant treatment in the partially edentulous elderly patients showed comparable clinical and radiographic results as elderly patients treated in the edentulous jaw.
Is Titanium Sensitivity Associated with Allergic Reactions in Patients with Dental Implants? A Systematic Review
Authors: Javed Fawad , Al‐Hezaimi Khalid , Almas Khalid , Romanos George E. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: A worrying correlation which seems to be overlooked by clinicians is allergic reactions to titanium (Ti) in patients with dental implants.Purpose: The aim of the present review study was to assess whether or not Ti sensitivity is associated with allergic reactions in patients with dental implants.Materials and Methods: To address the focused question “Can Ti cause allergic reactions in patients with dental implants?”, databases were explored from 1977 until May 2010 using a combination of the following keywords: “allergy,”“dental,”“hypersensitivity,”“implant,”“oral,” and “Titanium.” Letters to the editor and unpublished data were excluded.Results: Seven studies (six clinical and one experimental) were included. The participants were aged between 14.3 and 84.1 years. In five clinical studies, Ti implants were inserted in the mandible. Five studies reported dermal inflammatory conditions and gingival hyperplasia as allergic reactions in patients with Ti dental implants. A case report presented swelling in submental and labial sulcus and hyperemia of soft tissues in a patient with Ti dental implants. Two studies reported that Ti implants are well tolerated in host tissues. The patch test was performed in two clinical studies for the diagnosis of allergic reactions. Memory lymphocyte immunostimulation assay and lymphocyte transformation tests were also performed.Conclusion: The significance of Ti as a cause of allergic reactions in patients with dental implants remains unproven.
Patient Satisfaction with Maxillary 3‐Implant Overdentures Using Different Attachment Systems Opposing Mandibular 2‐Implant Overdentures
Authors: Al‐Zubeidi Mohammed I. , Alsabeeha Nabeel H.M. , Thomson W. Murray , Payne Alan G.T. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: Patient‐based outcomes with maxillary overdentures on a minimum number of implants, opposing mandibular 2‐implant overdentures are not evident in the literature.Purpose: To evaluate patient's satisfaction with maxillary 3‐implant overdentures, opposing mandibular 2‐implant overdentures, using two different attachment systems over the first 2 years of service.Materials and Methods: Forty participants wearing mandibular 2‐implant overdentures for 3 years were randomly allocated to one of two similar implant system groups to receive maxillary 3‐implant overdentures. Twenty participants were allocated to splinted and unsplinted attachment system treatment groups for each system. Patient satisfaction with pre‐treatment complete maxillary dentures, with maxillary 3‐implant overdentures at baseline and annually for 2 years, was measured using visual analogue scale questionnaires and the oral health impact profiles. Palatal coverage of the maxillary overdentures was reduced at the first annual recall.Results: Data showed significant improvement in pain reduction, comfort, stability, and function variables of the visual analogue scale after treatment. Analysis by prosthodontic design using visual analogue scale showed no significant difference. The total oral health impact profile‐14 scores after treatment for all participants, regardless of prosthodontic design, were significantly lower (more satisfied). The overall oral health impact profile‐20E score at baseline was significantly higher (more satisfied) compared with pre‐treatment conventional maxillary dentures. No significant changes were observed in the first or second years compared with baseline results. Twenty‐two participants (84.6%) preferred reduced palatal coverage, regardless of prosthodontic design, after 1 year. Twenty participants (76.9%) still preferred reduced palatal coverage at the end of the second year.Conclusions: The provision of maxillary 3‐implant overdentures to oppose mandibular 2‐implant overdentures significantly improve levels of patient satisfaction compared with conventional maxillary dentures.
Topography and Spatial Fascicular Arrangement of the Human Inferior Alveolar Nerve
Authors: Hur Mi‐Sun , Kim Hyeon‐Cheol , Won Sung‐Yoon , Hu Kyung‐Seok , Song Wu‐Chul , Koh Ki‐Seok , Kim Hee‐Jin 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: Topography and fascicular arrangement of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) can provide critical information for the estimation of damage to IAN based on patient symptoms, or conversely to evaluate the symptoms resulting from injury to the IAN.Purpose: The fascicular composition and organization of the IAN were determined to confirm the microarchitecture of the IAN bundles into each of the mandibular teeth, including the composition of the mental nerve.Materials and Methods: The IAN within the mandibular canal (MC) was examined in 30 hemifaces of embalmed Korean cadavers.Results: The most common patterns of nerve fascicle innervation to the mandibular teeth could be grossly classified into three: (1) the superior buccal portion of the IAN innervating the molars, (2) the superior portion innervating the premolars, and (3) the superior lingual or the superior lingual and inferior lingual portions in the posterior MC and the lingual portions in the anterior MC, innervating the incisors and canine. The buccal two‐thirds portion of the IAN was composed of the mental nerve.Conclusion: The IAN had distinctive fascicular organizations, which make it possible to forecast the degree, location, and extent of nerve damage according to presenting symptoms.
Situational analysis of infant and young child nutrition policies and programmatic activities in Burkina Faso
Authors: Wuehler Sara E. , Ouedraogo Albertine Wendpagnagdé 
Published: March 2011

AbstractProgress towards reducing mortality and malnutrition among children < 5 years of age has been less than needed to achieve related Millennium Development Goals. Therefore, several international agencies joined to ‘Reposition children's right to adequate nutrition in the Sahel’, starting with an analysis of current activities related to infant and young child nutrition (IYCN). The objectives of the present paper are to compare relevant national policies, training materials, programmes, and monitoring and evaluation activities with internationally accepted IYCN recommendations. These findings are available to assist countries in identifying inconsistencies and filling gaps in current programming. Between August and November 2008, key informants responsible for conducting IYCN‐related activities in Burkina Faso were interviewed, and 153 documents were examined on the following themes: optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, prevention of micronutrient deficiencies, screening and treatment of acute malnutrition, prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV, food security and hygienic practices. National policy documents addressed nearly all of the key IYCN topics, specifically or generally. Formative research has identified some local barriers and beliefs related to general breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, and other formative research addressed about half of the IYCN topics included in this review. However, there was little evidence that this formative research was being utilized in developing training materials and designing programme interventions. Nevertheless, the training materials that were reviewed do provide specific guidance for nearly all of the key IYCN topics. Although many of the IYCN programmes are intended for national coverage, we could only confirm with available reports that programme coverage extended to certain regions. Some programme monitoring and evaluation were conducted, but few of these provided information on whether the specific IYCN programme components were implemented as designed. Most surveys that were identified reported on general nutrition status indicators, but did not provide the detail necessary for programme impact evaluations. The policy framework is well established for optimal IYCN practices, but greater resources and capacity building are needed to: (i) conduct necessary research and adapt training materials and programme protocols to local needs; (ii) improve, carry out, and document monitoring and evaluation that highlight effective and ineffective programme components; and (iii) apply these findings in developing, expanding, and improving effective programmes.
DRYING KINETIC OF FRESH AND OSMOTICALLY DEHYDRATED MUSHROOM (AGARICUS BLAZEI)
Authors: KUROZAWA LOUISE EMY , AZOUBEL PATRÍCIA MOREIRA , MURR FERNANDA ELIZABETH XIDIEH , PARK KIL JIN 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to model the drying kinetics of fresh and osmotically pretreated mushroom slices (Agaricus blazei). Besides the effects of drying air temperature and air velocity, the effect of osmotic pretreatment on drying kinetics and color of dried mushrooms was also determined. The osmotic treatment was carried out at 20C with a 10% (w/w) salt solution, 80 rpm agitation and 60 min immersion time. The fresh and osmosed mushrooms were dried in a vertical bed dryer with forced airflow at different temperatures (40, 60 and 80C) and air velocities (1.0, 1.75 and 2.5 m/s). Drying curves obtained from the experimental data were fitted to the different thin layer‐drying models (Fick's, Page's and logarithmic models). Drying rates of osmosed mushroom decreased due to the presence of infused solids. Increasing the drying temperature and air velocity caused shorter drying times. Osmotically pretreated mushroom presented lower luminosity values (L*) when compared with fresh mushroom, indicating that the osmotic dehydration was not efficient to prevent color loss. Temperature strongly affected the color parameters luminosity L* (or lightness) and chroma C* (or color intensity).PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSBiological materials are highly perishable due to their high moisture content. Therefore, these materials must be processed to improve their shelf life. Among the several methods employed for preservation, drying is a process in which the water activity of the food is reduced by the removal of water, minimizing chemical, enzymatic and microbiological reactions. Several pretreatments are commonly used to minimize adverse changes occurring during drying. Osmotic dehydration is used for the partial removal of water from the food by immersion in a hypertonic solution reducing the physical, chemical and biological changes during drying at higher temperatures. Thus, this study intends to contribute in understanding the behavior of undesirable color quality degradation during the process.
MANNOPROTEIN FROM SPENT YEAST OBTAINED FROM THAI TRADITIONAL LIQUOR DISTILLATION: EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: DIKIT P. , MANEERAT S. , H‐KITTIKUN A. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTMannoprotein from spent yeast obtained from Thai traditional liquor distillation was extracted by autoclaving in a neutral citrate buffer for 30 min. The yield of mannoprotein was 0.27 g/g wet cells. The mannoprotein obtained was evaluated for chemical and physical stability to establish its potential use as a natural emulsifier in processed foods. The extracted mannoprotein exhibited emulsion of 60.23% toward palm oil as oil‐in‐water and had a critical emulsifier concentration of 20 g/l. The composition of the mannoprotein was 96% carbohydrate and 4% protein. The emulsion activity of the mannoprotein was similar to those of commercial emulsifiers (lecithin and gum arabic). The emulsion activity of mannoprotein towards palm oil was stable over a broad range of pH (3–12), NaCl concentrations of 0–3% (w/v), CaCl2 and MgCl2 concentrations of 0–0.1% (w/v). Temperature did not affect the emulsion activity of mannoprotein. Mannoprotein from spent yeast could be developed as a source of bioemulsifier for use in the food industry.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMannoprotein from spent yeast obtained from Thai traditional liquor distillation is considered to have an activity similar to the commercial emulsifiers, lecithin and gum arabic. It could be developed as a source of bioemulsifier for use in the food industry. The production of the bioemulsifier would be economically advantageous as the process converts a low‐value waste into a high‐value product.
Diet estimation in California sea lions, Zalophus californianus
Authors: Sweeney J. M. , Harvey J. T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe performed a captive feeding experiment using California sea lions to assess biases associated with estimating pinniped diet using scats and spews. Sea lions were fed nine of their natural prey species: anchovy, sardine, Pacific mackerel, jack mackerel, hake, steelhead smolts, shortbelly rockfish, pink salmon, and market squid. Recovery percentages varied among prey species using otoliths and were improved for adult salmon and sardine using the all‐structure method. Numerical and graded length correction factors provided better estimates of number and size of prey consumed. Four models used to determine the proportions of prey species consumed by a sea lion population were tested. The all‐structure method and variable biomass reconstruction model, in conjunction with numerical and graded length correction factors, provided more accurate estimates than without. We provide numerical correction factors for all prey species, including correction factors for specific salmon bones: vertebrae, branchials, radials, teeth, gill rakers, and hypurals.
Evaluating the utility ofcox1for cetacean species identification
Authors: Viricel A. , Rosel P. E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase I (cox1) gene has been promoted as a universal reference gene, or barcode, to identify organisms to the species level. We evaluated whethercox1would be appropriate to diagnose cetacean species. The 5′ end ofcox1(686 base pairs, bp) was sequenced for 46 of 86 recognized species of cetaceans. In addition, we included 105 sequences from GenBank, increasing our taxonomic coverage to 61 species. Particular focus was placed on sampling two subfamilies that contain closely related taxa: the Delphininae and the Globicephalinae. Species‐specific sequences were observed for all but three taxa (Delphinus delphis,D. capensis, andStenella coeruleoalba). Although correct assignment was seen for most species, significant overlap between intra‐ and interspecific variation makescox1an imperfect barcode for cetaceans. The efficacy ofcox1was compared to the 5′ end of the cytochromeb(cytb) gene, a mitochondrial region routinely used for cetacean species identification. Althoughcytbperformed better thancox1for some species, this marker could not differentiate other closely related taxa (Eubalaenaspp.). Species identification for taxa not reliably identified usingcox1orcytbmight be best addressed through use of multiple mitochondrial DNA fragments or other newly developed markers.
Comparison of therapeutic results in sudden sensorineural hearing loss with/without additional hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a retrospective review of 465 audiologically controlled cases
Authors: Liu S.‐C. , Kang B.‐H. , Lee J.‐C. , Lin Y.‐S. , Huang K.‐L. , Liu D.‐W. , Su W.‐F. , Kao C.‐H. , Chu Y.‐H. , Chen H.‐C. , Wang C.‐H. 
Published: March 2011

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2011, 36, 121–128Objective:  To investigate the necessity of routine application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss.Design/setting and participants:  A retrospective chart review looked at 465 patients, with 353 of them receiving pharmacologic treatments alone. Among these patients, 76 underwent systemic steroid treatment only (steroid group) and 277 received systemic steroids and dextran (steroid–dextran group). The remaining 112 patients were treated with hyperbaric oxygen in addition to pharmacologic agents (steroid–dextran–hyperbaric oxygen group).Main outcome measures:  The outcome was determined by comparing the difference of pure‐tone thresholds and absolute hearing gains after treatment calculated at each audiometric octave frequency or grouped frequencies of audiograms. On the basis of the severity of initial hearing loss, patients were classified at three scales of hearing impairments measured in decibels hearing level (dBHL): ≦70 dBHL, less severe; 71–90 dBHL, severe; and ≧91 dBHL, profound. The outcomes of their hearing recovery were classified into three recovery grades: good, fair and poor.Results:  In those patients with initial hearing loss >90 dBHL, the addition of hyperbaric oxygen to steroid–dextran gave a significant hearing gain difference (P = 0.030) by showing a greater hearing gain of 24.5 ± 2.7 dB compared with steroid only (12.9 ± 3.7 dB) or steroid–dextran (15.6 ± 2.7 dB). This outcome was confirmed when we compared the outcome using the recovery grading; steroid–dextran–hyperbaric oxygen group showed that more patients with initial profound (≧91 dBHL) hearing loss responded to hyperbaric oxygen treatment by exhibiting good and fair recoveries (2% and 70%) as compared with steroid only (0% and 42%) or steroid–dextran (8% and 46%) groups (P = 0.043), while the patients with initial severe (71–90 dBHL) and less severe (≦70 dBHL) hearing loss responded to the addition of hyperbaric oxygen treatment with less favourable recoveries. Furthermore, the addition of dextran in steroid–dextran group showed no significant benefit compared with the steroid group (P =0.435).Conclusions:  When applied as an adjuvant to pharmacologic agents, hyperbaric oxygen benefits patients with initial profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Therefore, we recommend the routine application of hyperbaric oxygen in conjunction with pharmacologic agents for those patients. The addition of dextran to steroid has no benefit and cannot be recommended.
The Other Side of Cognitive Control: Can a Lack of Cognitive Control Benefit Language and Cognition?
Authors: Chrysikou Evangelia G. , Novick Jared M. , Trueswell John C. , Thompson‐Schill Sharon L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCognitive control refers to the regulation of mental activity to support flexible cognition across different domains. Cragg and Nation (2010) propose that the development of cognitive control in children parallels the development of language abilities, particularly inner speech. We suggest that children’s late development of cognitive control also mirrors their limited ability to revise misinterpretations of sentence meaning. Moreover, we argue that for certain tasks, a tradeoff between bottom‐up (data‐driven) and top‐down (rule‐based) thinking may actually benefit performance in both children and adults. Specifically, we propose that a lack of cognitive control may promote important aspects of cognitive development, like language acquisition and creativity.
Cognitive Control: Easy to Identify But Hard to Define
Authors: Morton J. Bruce , Ezekiel Fredrick , Wilk Heather A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCognitive control is easy to identify in its effects, but difficult to grasp conceptually. This creates somewhat of a puzzle: Is cognitive control a bona fide process or an epiphenomenon that merely exists in the mind of the observer? The topiCS special edition on cognitive control presents a broad set of perspectives on this issue and helps to clarify central conceptual and empirical challenges confronting the field. Our commentary provides a summary of and critical response to each of the papers.