bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome analysis reveals important regulatory factors for condensed tannins synthesis in acorn
Authors: Wu Liwen , Xiong Shifa , Chen Yicun , Wang Yangdong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCondensed tannins are widely present in the fruits and seeds of plants and effectively prevent them from being eaten by animals before maturity due to their astringent taste. In addition, condensed tannins are a natural compound with strong antioxidant properties and significant antibacterial effects. Four samples of mature and near‐mature Quercus fabri acorns, with the highest and lowest condensed tannin content, were used for genome‐based transcriptome sequencing. The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism. Given that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway is a crucial step in the synthesis of condensed tannins, we screened for significantly differentially expressed transcription factors and structural genes from the transcriptome data of this pathway and found that the expression levels of four MADS‐box, PAL, and 4CL genes were significantly increased in acorns with high condensed tannin content. The quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) experiment further validated this result. In addition, yeast one‐hybrid assay confirmed that three MADS‐box transcription factors could bind the promoter of the 4CL gene, thereby regulating gene expression levels. This study utilized transcriptome sequencing to discover new important regulatory factors that can regulate the synthesis of acorn condensed tannins, providing new evidence for MADS‐box transcription factors to regulate the synthesis of secondary metabolites in fruits.
The evaluation of the effectiveness of conventional and pulsating toothbrushes on the oral health of healthy and mentally disabled pediatric patients
Authors: Ballı Akgöl Beyza , Ulukapı Işın 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesChildren, especially the mentally disabled, are generally incapable of obtaining adequate oral hygiene levels by manual brushing due to their lack of knowledge about oral hygiene and their limited motor skills. In order to handle those limited skills, different designs of manual and electric toothbrushes are developed and put on markets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pulsating toothbrushes with easy‐to‐use properties, against conventional toothbrushes and to analyze their benefits on mentally disabled pediatric patients.MethodsThirty‐one healthy and 31 mentally disabled children (aged between 7 and 12) participated in this study. The effectiveness of three different toothbrushes (Oral‐B Pulsar, Colgate 360° Micro Sonic Power, Oral‐B Stages 3) was investigated with a cross‐over study design. DMFT, dft, modified sulcus bleeding index (MOD‐SBI), approximal plaque index (API) and Green and Vermillion simplified oral hygiene index (G&V OHI‐S) measurements are performed to evaluate the oral hygiene status.ResultsIn the mentally disabled group the manual toothbrush for MOD‐SBI, and Colgate 360° Micro Sonic Power for API showed the best results respectively.ConclusionThe ability of tooth brushing was improved both in healthy and in disabled children during this 5 months study. Unfortunately, it was not obvious in disabled children. Persevering training for tooth brushing might be the most important regardless of the kind of toothbrush.
Assessing changes in soil organic carbon stocks and vulnerability to land degradation in Western Ghats, South India: Is it restorative enough?
Authors: Kavukattu Sreekumar Karthika , Anil Kumar Kokkuvayil Sankaranarayanan , Madhusoodanan Nair Krishna Pillai , Beeman Kalaiselvi , Manickam Lalitha , Sreekumar Parvathy , Ramamurthy Venkataramanappa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoil organic carbon stock is an important universal land degradation indicator. Owing to the depletion in soil nutrients, the pace of land degradation has increased in the Western Ghats of South India. To understand the changes in surface and subsurface soil organic carbon stocks and vulnerability to land degradation upon land use change, a study was carried out along the natural forest and coffee plantation ecosystems of Western Ghats in South India. The study sites were located in Chikmagaluru of Karnataka and Wayanad and Idukki districts of Kerala. Soil organic carbon stocks (SOC) at the surface (0–30 cm) were higher, 9.10 t C ha−1 and 7.49 k t C ha−1 in forest soils of Chikmagaluru and Idukki, respectively, and the subsurface (30–100 cm) SOC stocks were higher in the coffee plantation ecosystems, 9.11, 9.87, and 8.41 t C ha−1, respectively, in Chikmagaluru, Wayanad, and Idukki. Vulnerability analysis revealed that Chikmagaluru forest (0.57) and coffee (0.51), Wayanad forest (0.58) and coffee (0.55) land uses were low, and both the land uses in Idukki were medium in the status of land degradation with scores of 0.65 and 0.60, respectively, in forest and coffee ecosystems. The difference in the status of land degradation was mainly because of changes in soil reaction, surface, and subsurface SOC stock. An increase in soil pH, CEC, and available nutrients upon conversion to coffee plantation along with increased subsurface carbon storage have confirmed the restorative properties of coffee land use even after conversion from natural forests.
Comparative transcriptomics of seed nourishing tissues: uncovering conserved and divergent pathways in seed plants
Authors: Florez‐Rueda Ana Marcela , Miguel Célia M. , Figueiredo Duarte D. 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYThe evolutionary and ecological success of spermatophytes is intrinsically linked to the seed habit, which provides a protective environment for the initial development of the new generation. This environment includes an ephemeral nourishing tissue that supports embryo growth. In gymnosperms this tissue originates from the asexual proliferation of the maternal megagametophyte, while in angiosperms it is a product of fertilization, and is called the endosperm. The emergence of these nourishing tissues is of profound evolutionary value, and they are also food staples for most of the world's population. Here, using Orthofinder to infer orthologue genes among newly generated and previously published datasets, we provide a comparative transcriptomic analysis of seed nourishing tissues from species of several angiosperm clades, including those of early diverging lineages, as well as of one gymnosperm. Our results show that, although the structure and composition of seed nourishing tissues has seen significant divergence along evolution, there are signatures that are conserved throughout the phylogeny. Conversely, we identified processes that are specific to species within the clades studied, and thus illustrate their functional divergence. With this, we aimed to provide a foundation for future studies on the evolutionary history of seed nourishing structures, as well as a resource for gene discovery in future functional studies.
Adverse effects of therapeutic phlebotomies: Prospective study of 587 procedures
Authors: Romón Iñigo , Domíguez‐García Juan , Fernández Carlos , Carretón Marisa , Martínez Noelia , Calzada Laura , Cortés Miguel A. , Mendez Gala A. , Gorostidi Irene , Briz Montserrat , Ocio Enrique 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic phlebotomy (TP), a widely used medical procedure, can be performed on diverse patients with iron overload or polyglobulia. However, its adverse events are not well known as most of the information on phlebotomy is derived from healthy blood donors (0.1%–5.3%). In contrast, TP is applicable to a broader, more complex population with comorbidities and old age. To ascertain the incidence of adverse events in phlebotomies, we conducted a prospective study on patients who attended our Unit.Study Design and MethodsWe prospectively gathered data from patients referred to our Unit for TP. Data regarding demographics, health status, and adverse events within at least 24 h of phlebotomy were gathered via a structured questionnaire during each visit.ResultsBetween August 2021 and September 2022, 189 patients underwent 587 procedures. Most patients were men, over 60 (57.3%) had comorbidities, and 93% underwent at least two procedures during the study period. Twenty patients (10.8%) presented 25 adverse events (4.3% of phlebotomies), usually vasovagal reactions, none of which were clinically relevant, and all were managed by nursing staff on site, with full patient recovery.DiscussionThe rate of adverse events (<5%) in patients undergoing TP was low and comparable to that seen in healthy blood donors. Consequently, even old patients and those with some comorbidities can safely undergo TP when the process is carefully managed.
Successful treatment of bifenthrin toxicosis using therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Fitzgerald Alyson H. , Davies Rebecca K. , Zhang Yuntao , Ensley Steve , Fritz Scott 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a case of bifenthrin toxicosis in a dog with a successful outcome following the use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and intralipid therapy.Case SummaryAn 8‐month‐old female neutered poodle mix dog ingested an unknown amount of powered bifenthrin, which resulted in acutely altered mentation, cranial nerve deficits, and intractable tremors that persisted in severity despite aggressive medical management to include intravenous fluids, intravenous lipid emulsion, anticonvulsant medications, and methocarbamol. TPE was initiated after lack of significant clinical improvement 12 hours after initial presentation. The dog underwent cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) following approximately 1 plasma volume equivalent exchange. The dog was successfully resuscitated and showed marked improvement 12 hours postarrest and post‐TPE treatment. Serum bifenthrin concentrations were analyzed prior to TPE (445.38 ng/mL) and ∼10 hours after TPE (51.18 ng/mL), which resulted in an 89% reduction in serum bifenthrin concentration.New InformationTPE may be a promising adjunctive therapeutic modality for bifenthrin toxicosis in dogs.
Evaluation of photoactivated chromophore for keratitis–corneal cross‐linking (PACK‐CXL) in feline infectious keratitis—patient demographics, treatment protocols, risk factors, and treatment outcome: a retrospective study
Authors: Shukla Angelie K. , Kowalska Malwina E. , Arteaga Kevin , Crasta Manuela , Dixon Christopher , Famose Frank , Hartnack Sonja , Pot Simon Anton 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo describe patient demographics and treatment protocols in a population of feline patients undergoing photoactivated chromophore for keratitis–corneal cross‐linking (PACK–CXL) as an adjunctive treatment for infectious keratitis. Furthermore, to determine the proportion of PACK–CXL treatment success in the population studied, explore risk factors for treatment failure, and provide recommendations for future PACK–CXL clinical studies.Materials and MethodsRecords from four veterinary ophthalmology practices were reviewed to identify eligible patients and extract data. Recorded variables included patient‐related factors, ocular examination findings, PACK‐CXL protocol parameters, and treatment outcome.ResultsRecords for 153 cats (154 eyes) were included. Median age in the treatment success group was 8 years (interquartile range (IQR) 4–12), with a median ulcer depth of 30% (IQR 30–40). Median age in the treatment failure group was 10.5 years (IQR 4.75–12) with a median ulcer depth of 45.9% (IQR 30–75). Persian cats were the most represented brachycephalic breed (52 out of 64 cats). Modified PACK–CXL protocols were used, including fast energy delivery (134 eyes), and increased fluence (52 eyes). The overall proportion of success was 88% (95% CI 84–93), which was variable between clinics. Eighty‐two of 89 mesocephalic cat eyes (92%), and 54 of 65 brachycephalic cat eyes (83%) were classified as treatment successes.ConclusionsPACK–CXL appeared to be a useful, adjunctive therapeutic modality for the treatment of infectious keratitis in the feline patient population presented here. Brachycephalic cats, older cats, and those with deeper ulcers may be at increased risk for treatment failure.
Computed tomographic characteristics of testicular teratoma in a cat
Authors: Nagumo Takahiro , Yoshii Rika , Uzuka Yuji , Hoshino Yuki , Nakata Kohei , Katayama Masaaki , Yamasaki Masahiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 5‐year‐old intact male mixed‐breed cat weighing 4.5 kg was referred to our hospital with a left testicular mass. CT revealed mild heterogeneous contrast enhancement and calcification in the testicular mass. A well‐defined, contrast‐enhancing, multiloculated mass with fluid‐filled areas was extended from the testicular mass in the scrotum to the caudal aspect of the left kidney. The abdominal mass extended to the right crus of the diaphragm, and the gastrointestinal tract was compressed dorsally. Histopathology was consistent with teratoma. Characteristic CT findings in a feline testicular teratoma may include calcification and cystic areas.
Analytical Properties and Numerical Preservation of an Age-Group Susceptible-Infected-Recovered Model: Application to the Diffusion of Information
Authors: Cardone Angelamaria , de Alba Patricia Diaz , Paternoster Beatrice 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper analyzes an age-group susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. Theoretical results concerning the conservation of the total population, the positivity of the analytical solution, and the final size of the epidemic are derived. Since the model is a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), a numerical approximation is considered, based on Standard and non-Standard Finite Difference methods, and on a Modified Patankar-Runge–Kutta (MPRK) method. The numerical preservation of the qualitative properties of the analytical solution is studied. The obtained results are applied to the diffusion of information in social networks, and the effectiveness of the different numerical approaches is shown through several numerical tests on real data.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Single-Phase Liquid Cooling for Heterogeneous Integration Multichip Module
Authors: Gharaibeh Ahmad R. , Soud Qusai , Manaserh Yaman , Tradat Mohammad , Sammakia Bahgat 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The variety of new electronic packaging technologies has grown significantly over the last 20 years as a result of market demands for higher device performance at lower costs and in less space. Those demands have pushed for heterogeneous packaging, where computer chips with different stack heights are closely packed, creating nonuniform heat flux and temperature and additional challenges for thermal management. Without implementing an appropriate thermal management strategy for heterogeneous packages, large temperature gradients can be observed within the package, which would increase the thermal stresses on the chip and raise reliability issues. To mimic this real-life scenario of such packaging, an experimental setup was designed and built. The design of the new experimental setup consists of four identical 1.2 cm × 1.2 cm ceramic heaters, each of which is connected to a separate power supply and can reach a heat flux of 140 W/cm2. Accordingly, this mock package is capable of delivering different power levels to mimic different multicore microprocessor conditions. To give the heater the ability to move precisely in the x-, y-, and z-directions, each heater is mounted to an XYZ linear stage. Deionized water (DI) was used as the working fluid, and a pin-fin heat sink was used to run the initial steady-state tests on the experimental rig. The tests showed how different flow rates at a constant fluid temperature and input power affect the temperatures of the heaters and the thermohydraulic performance of the heat sink. In addition, a three-dimensional numerical model has been developed and validated with experimental data in terms of heat sink pressure drop and the temperatures of the heaters.
The Problem With National Institute of Standards and Technology Thermodynamics Tables in Continuum Mechanics
Authors: Ateshian Gerard A. , Shim Jay J. , Kepecs Raphael J. , Narayanaswamy Arvind , Weiss Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Thermodynamics is a fundamental topic of continuum mechanics and biomechanics, with a wide range of applications to physiological and biological processes. This study addresses two fundamental limitations of current thermodynamic treatments. First, thermodynamics tables distributed online by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) report properties of fluids as a function of absolute temperature T and absolute pressure P. These properties include mass density ρ, specific internal energy u, enthalpy h=u+P/ρ, and entropy s. However, formulations of jump conditions across phase boundaries derived from Newton's second law of motion and the first law of thermodynamics employ the gauge pressure p=P−Pr, where Pr is an arbitrarily selected referential absolute pressure. Interchanging p with P is not innocuous as it alters tabulated NIST values for u while keeping h and s unchanged. Using p for functions of state and governing equations solves the problem with using NIST entries for the specific internal energy u in standard thermodynamics tables and analyses of phase transformation in continuum mechanics. Second, constitutive models for the free energy of fluids, such as water and air, are not typically provided in standard thermodynamics treatments. This study proposes a set of constitutive models and validates them against suitably modified NIST data.
A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Modeling Approach to the Inverse Heat Conduction Problem
Authors: Olabiyi Ridwan , Pandey Hari , Hu Han , Iquebal Ashif 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study introduces a Bayesian spatiotemporal modeling approach to solve inverse heat conduction problems (IHCPs), employing penalized splines within a spatiotemporal forward model. The complexity and ill-posed nature of IHCPs, characterized by potential nonexistence, nonuniqueness, or instability of solutions, pose significant challenges for traditional methods. Addressing this, our study presents a spatiotemporal forward model that incorporates spatial, temporal, and interaction terms, accurately capturing the intricate dynamics inherent in IHCPs and using this information as a leverage to solve the inverse problem. We adopted a Bayesian inference framework for the subsequent parameter estimation problem and developed a Gibbs sampling algorithm to sample from the posterior distribution of the model's parameters, enhancing the estimation process. Through case studies on a one-dimensional (1D) heat simulation and a pool boiling experiment using multisensor thermocouple data for heat flux reconstruction, we demonstrate the model's superiority over traditional methods. The inclusion of the spatiotemporal interaction term significantly enhances model performance, indicating its potential for broader application in solving IHCPs. The application of this method in both simulated and real-world scenarios highlights its effectiveness in capturing the spatiotemporal complexities of IHCPs. This work contributes to the field by offering a robust methodology for addressing the spatial and temporal complexities inherent in IHCPs, supported by a comprehensive Bayesian inference framework and the use of a Gibbs sampling algorithm for parameter estimation.
Genetic Algorithm as the Solution of Non-Linear Inverse Heat Conduction Problems: A Novel Sequential Approach
Authors: Allard Dominic , Najafi Hamidreza 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Direct measurement of surface heat flux could be extremely challenging, if not impossible, in numerous applications. In such cases, the use of temperature measurement data from subsurface locations can facilitate the determination of surface heat flux and temperature through the solution of the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP). Several different techniques have been developed over the years for solving IHCPs, with different levels of complexity and accuracy. The filter coefficient technique has proved to be a promising approach for solving IHCPs. Inspired by the filter coefficient approach, a novel method is presented in this paper for solving one-dimensional IHCPs in a domain with temperature-dependent material properties. A test case is developed in COMSOL Multiphysics where the front side of a slab is subject to known transient heat flux and the temperature distributions within the domain are calculated through numerical simulation. The IHCP solution in the form of filter coefficients is defined and a genetic algorithm (GA) is used for the calculation of filter matrix. The number of significant filter coefficients required to evaluate surface heat flux at each time-step is determined through trial and error and the optimal number is selected for evaluating the solution. The structure of the filter matrix is assessed and discussed. The resulting filter coefficients are then used to evaluate the surface heat flux for several different test cases and the performance of the proposed approach is assessed in detail. The results showed that the presented approach is robust and can result in finding optimal filter coefficients that can accurately estimate various types of surface heat flux profiles using temperature data from a limited number of time steps and in a near real-time fashion.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation for Hydrothermal Performance of the Jet Impingement Microchannel Heat Sink
Authors: Pandey Jyoti , Ansari Mohd. Zahid , Husain Afzal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study experimentally investigated the hydrothermal and overall performance of the microchannel heat sink incorporating the jet impingement technique. Later on, a numerical model is developed using the finite volume-based tool fluent of the commercial software ansys and validated with the experimental results. Improvement in the cooling performance for the fluid impinging normal to the surface is observed in comparison to the parallel flow of fluid in the microchannel. Similarly, variation in the jet impingement microchannel heat sink performance for the single-jet and multijet is also explored. Hydraulic and thermal characteristic parameters such as pressure drop, average heat transfer coefficient, maximum wall temperature, and figure of merit are evaluated for the analysis. Multijet impingement flow exhibited superior heat transfer with respect to the parallel flow and single impingement flow but offered remarkably higher pressure drop. However, the Figure of Merit value is superior for the multijet impingement flow technique with 5 number of jet nozzles. In addition, increasing as well as decreasing the number of jets from 5 jet nozzles for the same mass flowrate diminishes the overall performance of the jet impingement microchannel heat sink.
Variational Integrators on Manifolds for Constrained Mechanical Systems
Authors: Lin Ziying , Li Hongchen , Ding Ye , Zhu Xiangyang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Variational integrators play a pivotal role in the simulation and control of constrained mechanical systems. Current Lagrange multiplier-free variational integrators for such systems are concise but inevitably face issues with parameterization singularities, hindering global integration. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a novel method for constructing variational integrators on manifolds without introducing Lagrange multipliers, offering the benefit of avoiding singularities. Our approach unfolds in three key steps: (1) the local parameterization of configuration space; (2) the formulation of forced discrete Euler–Lagrange equations on manifolds; and (3) the construction and implementation of high-order variational integrators. Numerical tests are conducted for both conservative and forced mechanical systems, demonstrating the excellent global energy behavior of the proposed variational integrators.