bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional status, dietary habits, and their relation to cognitive functions: A cross-sectional study among the school aged (8–14 years) children of Bangladesh
Authors: Liza Mowshomi Mannan , Roy Simanta , Iktidar Mohammad Azmain , Chowdhury Sreshtha , Sharif Azaz Bin 
Published: May 2024

Background
Limited research addressed links between nutritional status, dietary habits, and cognitive functions in young children. This study assessed the status of cognitive functions and their association with nutritional status and dietary habits of school age children of Bangladesh.

Methods
This cross-sectional multi-centre study was conducted on 776 participants in 11 conveniently selected educational institutions. A printed questionnaire with three sections (Section 1: background information, section 2: PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale, and section 3: semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire) was utilized for the data collection purpose. Sections 1 and 3 were self-reported by parents, and trained volunteers completed section 2 in-person along with the anthropometric measurements. Statistical analyses were done in Stata (v.16). Mean with standard deviation and frequencies with percentages were used to summarize quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. Pearson’s chi-square test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used to explore bivariate relationships.

Results
The mean age of the participants was 12.02±1.88 years, and the majority (67%) were females. The prevalence of poor cognitive function was 46.52%, and among them, 66.02% were females. In terms of body mass index (BMI), 22.44% possessed normal weight, 17.51% were overweight, and 5.19% were obese. This study found a statistically significant relationship between BMI and cognitive functions. Furthermore, different dietary components (e.g., protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, iron, magnesium) showed a significant (p<0.05 for all) weak positive correlation with cognitive function.

Conclusion
BMI and dietary habits were associated with the cognitive function of young children in Bangladesh. Although the cross-sectional design of the study precludes causal relationships from being determined, the study finding deserves further examination via longitudinal research.
Nutrient and environmental factors regulating western Lake Erie cyanobacterial blooms
Authors: Hounshell A.G. , Johnson L.T. , Stumpf R.P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Over the past two decades, western Lake Erie has experienced recurring summer cyanobacterial blooms that pose severe negative impacts on human, animal, and ecological health. Previous research has identified a strong correlation between annual cyanobacterial bloom intensity and preceding spring (March-July) phosphorus loading from the Maumee river, the largest tributary to western Lake Erie, which is used to predict upcoming summer bloom severity. Maumee river spring phosphorus load, however, does not explain all the variation of bloom severity between years. Considering additional environmental parameters may help to better capture the physical and biogeochemical processes that regulate bloom severity, eventually leading to improved cyanobacterial forecasts which serve as an early warning for Lake Erie stakeholders. We aggregated various environmental parameters that may influence western Lake Erie cyanobacterial blooms to examine these factors as potential predictors for annual bloom severity. These included nitrogen and phosphorus loading from the Maumee river, freshwater discharge from the primary rivers and tributaries (Detroit, Huron, Raisin, Maumee, and Portage rivers), seasonal lake surface water temperature (mean winter, spring, and summer temperature), and Lake Erie winter ice extent and duration from 2002-2022. Empirical model results show that spring phosphorus loading, as total bioavailable phosphorus, from the Maumee river remains the dominant environmental factor controlling cyanobacterial blooms. However, additional environmental factors, such as Maumee river winter phosphorus loads and Lake Erie winter ice extent and timing, are likely important in modulating bloom severity, particularly in years with moderate phosphorus loads. Finally, we suggest incorporating mechanistic or rule-based models, in addition to empirical models, to better understand and predict annual cyanobacterial bloom severity. The updated models not only improve seasonal forecast accuracy which provides advanced warning of bloom severity to Lake Erie stakeholders, but also helps identify which factors we can better manage to reduce the frequency of severe blooms.
Deciphering a Non-meal
Authors: Lasco Gideon , Mendoza Jhaki 
Published: May 2024

Pantawid-gutom literally means “to bridge hunger” and refers to a range of food and non-food products and practices in the Philippines that allow people to survive in between “serious meals.” What does its existence as a liminal category between food/non-food or serious/non-serious meal signify, particularly for millions of Filipino families who regularly experience hunger? Drawing on fieldwork in low-income urban communities on Luzon Island, and from a review of the scholarly and popular literature, we use local conceptions of pantawid-gutom—hitherto overlooked in the scholarship—as a starting point for exploring the lived reality of food insecurity in the country. The efficacy of pantawid-gutom, we argue, is both material and symbolic, providing temporary relief from the feeling of hunger and allowing people to suspend their ideas of what is good to eat while maintaining the hope that their socioeconomic predicament is something bridgeable.

BUOD

Sa Pilipinas, ang tambalang salitang “pantawid-gutom” ay tumutukoy sa mga pagkain at iba pang bagay o gawain na ginagamit o ginagawa ng mga tao upang “maitawid” ang kanilang gutom sa gitna ng kahirapan o mahirap na sitwasyon. Ano ang maaari nating matutunan sa pagsasabuhay ng mga tao sa konseptong ito, at sa relasyon nito sa pagkain, lalo na sa milyon-milyong pamilyang Pilipino na araw-araw nakararanas ng gutom? Hango sa˛ isang etnographiya (pakikiag-usap, pakikipagkwentuhan, at pagmamasid) sa˛ iba’t ibang mga komunidad sa Timog Luzon, at sa pagsasaliksik ng mga nauna nang naisulat tungkol sa naturang paksa, ginamit namin ang mga lokal na pag-unawa sa “pantawid-gutom” (isang paksang sa pagkakaalam namin ay hindi pa napagtutuunang-pansin sa antropolohiya) upang simulan ang isang malalim na pagtanaw sa karanasan ng pagkagutom at kakulangan ng pagkain sa bansa. Mula sa aming pagsusuri, ang bisa ng pantawid-gutom ay nakaugat sa silbi nito bilang isang bagay na sadyang nakakapawid ng gutom at sa pagiging simbolo nito ng pag-asa: pag-asa na may mas ‘tunay’ na pagkain na nakaabang sa kanila, at, gaya ng gutom, maging ang kanilang mga suliranin sa buhay ay maaari ring ‘maitawid’.
Direct Isolation Method for Tomato-Infecting Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Parlindo Fitra , Khairani Hagia Sophia , Papona Alisya Talita , Tondok Efi Toding 
Published: May 2024

Infection of Phytophthora infestans at high altitudes in tropical regions causes symptoms of tomato late blight throughout the year. Even though it is very easy to find in the field, P. infestans is often very difficult to isolate aseptically in the laboratory. This study aims to evaluate direct isolation techniques that can increase the success of isolating P. infestans. Isolation was carried out on a non-specific medium, consisting of potato dextrose agar (PDA), corn meal agar (CMA), oatmeal agar (OMA), and water agar (WA) with three alternative types of antibiotics, i.e. chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, and rifampicin. Observations were carried out to determine the effect of the medium on sporangia induction and the age of the original colony’s growth in CMA and OMA media. The results showed that the isolation of P. infestans using the direct method was successfully carried out on non-specific PDA, CMA, OMA and WA medium. The highest isolation success rate was obtained on CMA medium with the addition of 50 mg L-1 rifampicin. The fastest sporangia induction (8 days) was shown by colonies grown on OMA medium with the addition of 50 mg L-1 rifampicin based on the category of abundant sporangia after 20 days of incubation. Rejuvenation of P. infestans colonies for research purposes in the laboratory is recommended to be carried out routinely twice a month. This research provides practical guidance for understanding the bioecology of P. infestans infecting tomato plants, especially for further study on oomycetes fungi.
O império brasileiro em crise: prismas da história e da crítica literária nos séculos XIX e XX
Authors: Rivas Gagliardi Laura 
Published: May 2024

Resumo
Este artigo pretende descrever o modo como a crise do império brasileiro, que levou à dissolução do Segundo Reinado e à Proclamação da República em 1889, foi representada nos estudos paradigmáticos de Ferdinand Wolf (1863), Silvio Romero (1888), Ronald de Carvalho (1919) e Antonio Candido (1959) sobre a história e crítica da literatura brasileira. Vistos em conjunto, esses estudos mostram como a crise foi interpretada de maneiras distintas no correr do tempo, fenômeno revelador dos processos de escrita e reescrita da história da literatura, bem como de reinterpretação do passado imperial.
Efficacy of tacrolimus monotherapy in primary membranous nephropathy
Authors: Zhang Ya-pu , Ran Lei , Guo Li , Gou Yan-Li , Guo Shan-shan , Xu Yang , Hua Xin , Chen Hang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to observe the remission of primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) and evaluate the efficacy of tacrolimus (TAC) monotherapy for PMN in comparison with TAC combined with a low-dose glucocorticoid (GC) protocol (TAC + GC).

Methods
This was tested in a prospective monocentric observational trial of 70 patients with PMN, of whom 34 received TAC (0.05–0.075 mg/kg/day) or 36 received TAC (0.05–0.075 mg/kg/day) and GC (0.3–0.5 mg/kg/day of prednisone).

Results
At 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment, the effective rates in the TAC group and the TAC + GC group were similar (P > 0.05). The urinary protein quantification was reduced in patients under both therapeutic protocols, and the differences in the proteinuria quantification at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment were not statistically significant between the two groups (P > 0.05). The overall incidence of adverse reactions in the TAC group was lower than that in the TAC + GC group (23.5% < 36.1%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
TAC monotherapy for PMN could effectively reduce urinary protein quantification and increase serum albumin levels. Compared with TAC + GC, TAC monotherapy for PMN had no difference in efficacy and fewer incidences of adverse reactions.
Compact subsets of C

λ,u
(X)
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Garg Pratibha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The famous Ascoli-Arzelà theorem served as a springboard for research into compactness in function spaces, particularly spaces of continuous functions. This paper investigates compact subsets of spaces of continuous functions endowed with topologies between the topology of pointwise convergence and the topology of uniform convergence. More precisely, this paper studies necessary and sufficient conditions for a subset to be compact in C

λ,u
(X) for a locally-λ space X when λ ⊇ 𝓕(X), for a hemi-
λ

λf
-space X when λ ⊆ 𝓟 𝓢(X), and for a k-space X when λ ⊇ 𝓚(X). This paper also studies that every bounded subset of C

λ,u
(X) has compact closure for some classes of topological spaces X.
Lithium niobate on insulator – fundamental opto-electronic properties and photonic device prospects
Authors: You Bin , Yuan Shuangxiu , Tian Yuan , Zhang Haisu , Zhu Xiaolong , Mortensen N. Asger , Cheng Ya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) combines a variety of optoelectronic properties and can meet practical performance requirements that are uncommon in optoelectronic materials. This review introduces the fundamentals and the photonic device concepts that arise from the LNOI materials platform. Firstly, the nonlinear optical response of LNOI is presented, including birefringent phase matching (BPM), modal phase matching (MPM), and quasi-phase matching (QPM). The tunable properties are also introduced, including electro-optical (EO), thermo-optical (TO), and acousto-optical (AO) effects. The structures of nonlinear optical devices, such as ridge waveguides (including periodically polarized inversion waveguides), Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) modulators and micro-resonators (such as disks and rings) are demonstrated. Finally, the future of LNOI devices is discussed. In the already mature and developed optoelectronic material systems, it is rare to find one particular material system supporting so many basic optical components, photonic devices and optoelectronic devices as LNOI does in the field of integrated photonic chips.
Das Unabgeschlossene (das Glück). Walter Benjamin’s “Idea of Happiness”
Authors: Liska Vivian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The considerable literature discussing Walter Benjamin’s “idea of happiness” points both to the important role it plays in his thought and, in this context, to the diversity of interpretations his elliptic style has generated. The pivotal role played by the term in Benjamin’s oeuvre from his early writings on language to his Passagenwerk originates in what has been regarded as his “dialectics of happiness.” While this is certainly a plausible diagnosis, a closer look at the wording of the relevant passages in Benjamin’s oeuvre reveals more nuanced and numerous manifestations of the indirectness that characterizes his approach to happiness. Benjamin invokes the term “happiness” (Glück) at crucial crossroads in his thought. It oscillates between potentiality and inaccessibility; individual and collective experience; commemoration and utopia, Eros and emancipation, concrete phenomena and abstract ideas, and last but not least between politics and theology. Equally striking are the divergent modes of expression in which Benjamin’s notion of happiness is articulated. They range from the inexpressible (das Ausdruckslose) to the most lyrical effusions. My talk will correlate Benjamin’s seemingly incommensurable invocations of happiness with the very detours, incompletions, and indirections in his writings about this state of being.
Long-term hypothyroidism in patients started on levothyroxine during pregnancy
Authors: Demartin Sophie , Constantinescu Stefan Matei , Poppe Kris G , Maiter Dominique , Furnica Raluca Maria , Alexopoulou Orsalia , Daumerie Chantal , Debiève Frederic , Burlacu Maria-Cristina 
Published: May 2024

Background
Current guidelines recommend different postpartum approaches for patients started on levothyroxine (LT4) during pregnancy.

Objective
We studied the postpartum management of these patients and determined factors associated with long-term hypothyroidism.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary center between 2014 and 2020, with LT4 initiation according to 2014 ETA recommendations. We performed multivariate logistic regression (MVR) and a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine variables associated with long-term hypothyroidism and their optimal cutoffs.

Results
LT4 was initiated in 177 pregnant women, and 106/177 (60%) were followed at long-term (at least 6 months post partum) (28.5 (9.0–81.9) months). LT4 could have been stopped in 45% of patients who continued it immediately after delivery. Thirty-six out of 106 (34%) patients were long-term hypothyroid. In them, LT4 was initiated earlier during pregnancy than in euthyroid women (11.7 ± 4.7 vs 13.7 ± 6.5 weeks, P = 0.077), at a higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level (4.1 (2.2–10.1) vs 3.5 (0.9–6.9) mU/L, P = 0.005), and reached a higher dose during pregnancy (62.8 ± 22.2 vs 50.7 ± 13.9 µg/day, P = 0.005). In the MVR, only the maximal LT4 dose during pregnancy was associated with long-term hypothyroidism (odds ratio (OR) = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00–1.05, P = 0.003). The optimal cutoffs for predicting long-term hypothyroidism were an LT4 dose of 68.75 µg/day (87% specificity, 42% sensitivity; P = 0.013) and a TSH level ≥ 3.8 mU/L (68.5% specificity, 77% sensitivity; P = 0.019).

Conclusion
One-third of the patients who started on LT4 during pregnancy had long-term hypothyroidism. The TSH level at treatment initiation and the LT4 dose during pregnancy could guide the decision for continuing long-term LT4.
Valorization of banana waste by optimizing nitrocellulose production, yield, and solubility via nitrating acid mixtures and reaction time
Authors: Hassan Maria , Zia Afia , Nauman Ahmad Muhammad , Baseer Us Salam Muhammad , Siraj Maria , Sabir Shahida , Arif Muhammad , Naveed Farooq Tahir , Aziz Tariq , Alshammari Abdulrahman 
Published: May 2024

The current research investigated the conversion of banana stem waste into cellulose nitrate, a potential bioplastic precursor. The research is of prime importance in terms of environmental pollution and sustainable development goals. The study aimed to isolate cellulose from banana stems, synthesize nitrocellulose, and assess its stability. Two different methods, that is, Method A, comprising HNO3 and H2SO4, and Method B, comprising HNO3 and P2O5, were applied to synthesize nitrocellulose, each using different acidic mixtures. Method A resulted in high nitrocellulose yield and higher nitrogen content but lower cellulose content. On the other hand, method B yielded nitrocellulose with a lower nitrogen content but higher cellulose content. It was found that composition of nitrating acid mixture, nitrating time, and ratio of nitrating acid–cellulose material influenced the yield and solubility of nitrocellulose. The highest yield of nitrocellulose was obtained using a 60:1 ratio of nitrating acid–cellulose material in method A and a 100:1 ratio of the same in method B after 90-min nitration time. It was also observed that nitrocellulose A was soluble in acetone and pyridine whereas nitrocellulose B was soluble in 1,4-dioxane, esters, and pyridine. Overall, the study demonstrated the feasibility of converting banana stem waste into a bioplastic precursor.
Editorial
Authors: Komu Felician 
Published: May 2024

Welcome to Volume 3, Issue 2 of the Journal of African Real Estate Research. This will be my final issue as Editor-in-Chief of JARER, and it has been a great pleasure to be a part of the journal’s recent relaunch. I am very confident of the journal’s continued success under the stewardship of my successor who will be announced in the new year. I am very grateful for the opportunity to play such an important role in the advancement of real estate research on the African continent.
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Automating Systems in the Facilities Management of High-Rise Buildings in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Awosode Orayinka , Ajayi Cyril 
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The paper examined factors influencing the choice of automating systems in high-rise buildings in Lagos, Nigeria with a view to providing information that could enhance facility management practice.
Design/Method/Approach: The study is a quantitative research, administering 53 copies of questionnaire on resident facility managers of selected high-rise buildings in Lagos with a response rate of 77.4%. Simple frequency distribution, percentage (%) weighted mean score on 5 point-Likert scale measurement and factor analysis were used to analyze responses.
Findings: The study revealed that the choice of automating systems used by facility managers was significantly influenced by the cost of acquisition of the automating system, while the need to protect buildings against failure was considered as the most significant factor influencing the adoption of automation in the management of facilities in high-rise buildings.
Practical Implication: The use of automating systems presents facility managers innovative ways of ensuring functionality of the built environment through the integration of people, place, process and technology.
Originality: The study contributes to the frontier of knowledge on the adoption of automation in the facility management of high-rise buildings.
Nutritional status in patients admitted to pediatric intensive care unit and its corelation with outcome
Authors: Patel Maitri , Badhiye Ankita , Chanpura Vaishali , Patel Bhargav 
Published: May 2024

Background: The incidence of malnutrition in children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), has always been significant. In addition, nutritional status of critically ill children deteriorates further during their PICU stay and may have negative effect on patients` outcome. This study aims to determine the critically ill children, to analyse and document its impact on outcome and to survey current nutritional practices and support in PICU.
Methods: This was a prospective observational study done over a period of 10 months on critically ill patients admitted in PICU of department of pediatrics at Baroda medical college and Sir Sayajirao Gaekwad hospital, Vadodara.
Results: Total of 350 patients admitted in PICU of S. S. G. hospital, Vadodara were enrolled in the study. Malnutrition was higher in age 6-60-month age group (57%) of patients admitted in PICU, 81% of severe acute malnutrition patients required mechanical ventilation and 19% required HFNC support, there was statistically significant difference in mortality (51.1%) of SAM patients as compared to normal patients.
Conclusions: Malnutrition is one of the leading causes of mortality in patients admitted to PICU, with more complications with prolonged ventilator support, longer duration of stay in PICU.
The efficacy and safety of patent ductus arteriosus stent versus surgical aortopulmonary shunt in the management of babies with duct dependent circulation: a meta-analysis and review of literature
Authors: Das Aditi , Koirala Satish , Awasthy Neeraj 
Published: May 2024

This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of both patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stents and surgical aortopulmonary shunt (APS) as the initial palliative measures in babies relying on ductal-dependent circulation. This review is essential to compare the outcome of relatively newer catheter-based PDA stent procedure with a surgical APS. By synthesizing existing literature, this review aims to provide insights to inform clinical practice and enhance patient care in this challenging clinical scenario. The methodology involved an extensive search of PubMed and Embase databases using specific keywords and terminology related to mortality, procedural outcomes, and postprocedural complications following PDA stent and APS in cyanotic congenital heart defects (CHD) patients. Six retrospective observational studies met the criteria, with 757 patients included. The analysis showed comparable mortality rates between PDA stents and APS. However, PDA stents were associated with decreased risks of mechanical circulatory support, postprocedural complications, and shorter hospital stays, mechanical ventilation, and intensive care unit stays compared to APS. Notably, patients with pulmonary atresia scheduled for biventricular surgery were more prevalent among those receiving PDA stents. In conclusion, while the risk of mortality is similar between PDA stents and APS, PDA stents offer advantages such as shorter hospital stays and reduced complications. Patient characteristics also vary, with a higher prevalence of intact ventricular septum among those receiving PDA stents.