bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific Estradiol Binding in Schwannomas, Meningiomas, and Neurofibromas
Authors: Martuza Robert L. , MacLaughlin David T. , Ojemann Robert G. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The cytoplasmic fractions of schwannomas (acoustic neuromas), meningiomas, and neurofibromas were assayed for the presence of estrogen receptors. Specific estradiol binding was detected in 7 of 16 schwannomas, 7 of 10 meningiomas, and 1 of 6 neurofibromas. A nontumorous vestibular nerve was also studied and showed no estradiol binding. In the tumors, the concentration of the estradiol binding sites as estimated by saturation binding analysis covered a wide range of values (21 to 2430 fmol/g of tumor) but, overall, meningiomas contained the highest amount of estradiol binder. A Scatchard plot analysis of one of the schwannoma specimens demonstrated high affinity estradiol binding (Ka = 1.695 × 1010M−1). Although there were more females than males in each tumor category, the overall incidence of estradiol binding was similar in males (5 of 11. 45%) and in females (10 of 21, 48%r). In 5 cases, progestin binding was also measured and was delected in two meningiomas (both from female patients): one meningioma and two neurofibromas showed no progestin binding. A discussion is presented of the possible role of estradiol in the pathogenesis or modulation of meningeal and Schwann cell tumors as well as in the genetic disorder neurofibromatosis.
External Ventricular Drainage in the Management of Posterior Fossa Tumors in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Papo I. , Caruselli G. , Luongo A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
External ventricular drainage (EVD) was used before and after posterior fossa operations in 62 children and adolescents. In all cases, the removal of the tumor (midline in 47 and lateral in 15) was attempted: total removal was achieved in 41. The overall mortality was 6.5% (4 patients). Only 25% of the survivors needed permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting. EVD seems, therefore, to be effective in controlling preoperative intracranial hypertension and in securing a smooth postoperative course. Preoperative CSF shunting seems to be necessary or advisable only in particular circum- stances.
Spinal Cord Tumors in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Man-Kai Cheng 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This paper summarizes data on 1639 pathologically confirmed spinal cord tumors described in three reports published in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The average ratio of brain to spinal cord tumors in these studies was 8:1. The ratio of neurinomas to meningiomas was 3.8:1: this value is much higher than those found in western reports (almost 1:1), but is close to the ratio reported in the Japanese literature (3.9:1). Eleven per cent of the spinal cord tumors in the PRC were dysembryoplastic. In children, the percentage was 52.7%, one of the highest values reported in the world literature. Meningioma was the only type of spinal cord tumor that occurred more frequently in females than in males (2.5:1). Children (under 16 years old) had 19% and elderly patients (over 60 years old) had 2.6% of the spinal cord tumors in the PRC.
Fibromuscular Dysplasia of the Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Wells Ralph P. , Smith Robert R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The natural course of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the internal carotid artery (ICA). a stenosing angiopathy associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency, has not been described. A search of medical records located 16 female patients with angiographically demonstrated FMD of the ICA. The identical twin of 1 patient was included in the registry on the basis of noninvasive studies consistent with FMD of the ICA. The mean age at diagnosis was 58 years. Follow-up examinations were performed an average of 3.8 years after diagnosis (range, 1 to 9 years); the evaluation included clinical, angiographic, and Doppler studies. Fifteen patients showed no evidence of progression of FMD, whereas 2 patients with coincident atherosclerotic disease had suffered strokes. One patient had undergone surgical dilatation of the ICA. 3 had received oral anticoagulants, and 13 had received either aspirin or no specific therapy. In light of the apparently benign clinical course of uncomplicated FMD of the ICA, it is concluded that dilatation is rarely warranted.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts Interfere with Host Defenses
Authors: Borges Lawrence F. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Despite advances in neurosurgical therapeutics, cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections have continued to complicate the management of patients with shunted hydrocephalus. Although various factors have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of these infections, they have remained poorly understood. This in vitro study determined the ability of human neutrophils and monocytes to adhere to two types of shunt catheters and to phagocytose bacteria. These white blood cells failed to adhere in normal numbers to the catheters and failed to ingest fully a bacterial innoculum on the catheters' surfaces. While in contact with the shunt apparatus, the neutrophils also exocytosed myeloperoxidase, a major component of the intracellular microbicidal system. These observations suggest that the shunt apparatus may diminish the effectiveness of the hosts' defenses at the site of implantation.
Spontaneous Dissecting Cervical Carotid Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Hodge Charles J. , Lee Seungho H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A unique case of a large dissecting cervical carotid artery aneurysm is presented. The lesion had probably started as a spontaneous dissection 2 years before the onset of ischemic hemisphere symptoms and represents one way in which such a dissection can evolve if unchecked. The usual presentation, angiographic findings, and possible treatments of dissecting extracranial carotid aneurysms are discussed briefly.
Spontaneous Dissecting Aneurysm of the Extracranial Vertebral Artery
Authors: Hugenholtz H. , Pokrupa R. , Montpetit V. J. A. , Nelson R. , Richard M. T. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Spontaneous dissection of a cervical vertebral artery secondary to fibromuscular hyperplasia is uncommon, is often painful, and may be followed after a latent interval by further symptoms of embolism, occlusion, or hemorrhage. Accordingly, the lesion is potentially hazardous and warrants treatment when recognized.
Intracerebral Hematoma: Spontaneous Cure by Drainage into the Middle Ear
Authors: Bose Bikash , Kraut William , Osterholm Jewell L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of a spontaneous cure of intracerebral hematoma by drainage into the middle ear is reported. A 38-year-old man was brought to the emergency room in a semicomatose state. He was found to have skull fractures and an intracerebral hematoma. His clinical condition improved, and a repeat computed tomographic scan showed disappearance of the hematoma and its replacement by air.
Primary Intracranial Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Kubota Toshihiko , Hayashi Minoru , Yamamoto Shinjiro 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of a large intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with probable distant metastases to the humerus and the lung is presented. The pertinent literature is reviewed with respect to the presentation, treatment, and prognosis of this tumor. Total removal of the tumor is the treatment of choice. The prognosis is poor because of frequent recurrence and metastasis.
Early Angiographic Changes after Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Oiaz Fernando G. , Patel Suresh , Boulos Roushdy , Mehta Bharat , Ausman James I. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This report reviews the angiographic evaluation of 41 patients who underwent a carotid endarterectomy at Henry Ford Hospital. Postoperative angiograms were performed after 48 endarterectomies. Changes included the development of postoperative intimal flaps, common carotid stenosis, carotid occlusions, areas of corrugation, surface irregularities, and postendarterectomy dilatation. The development of dilatation, or the pantaloon effect, on the endarterectomized segment contributed to the limited use of angioplastic procedures. The benefits derived from a postoperative angiogram include the objective evaluation of the endarterectomized segment, the demonstration of a potentially complicating problem such as intimal flaps that could lead to restenosis, and recognition of the possible development of associated local problems. The procedure can be done with limited risks to the patients and in competent hands has low morbidity and mortality.
Asymptomatic Cerebral Aneurysm
Authors: Dell Stephen 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In view of the widely divergent opinions regarding the necessity for operation in cases of asymptomatic and multiple cerebral aneurysms, an attempt is made to derive the true lifetime risk of rupture for a cerebral aneurysm in the asymptomatic patient. Prevalence data from autopsy and angiographic studies are utilized to derive a lifetime incidence for the rupture of such asymptomatic aneurysms. A decremental life table analysis method is used. The case of multiple asymptomatic aneurysms in a patient with another symptomatic aneurysm must be considered separately. Implications of these calculations are drawn regarding operation for unruptured or incidental aneurysms.
Furosemide in the Intraoperative Reduction of Intracranial Pressure in the Patient with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Samson Duke , Beyer Chester W. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The effect of furosemide in the intraoperative reduction of intracranial pressure was measured in 25 patients undergoing the operative repair of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Seven patients with similar intracranial lesions served as controls. A single bolus of 80 mg of furosemide was administered intravenously after the induction of anesthesia, and sequential measurements were made of intracranial pressure, mean arterial pressure, and arterial blood gases. A mean decrease of intracranial pressure of 56% was measured in the furosemide-treated patients, whereas the control patients demonstrated a mean decline of subarachnoid pressures of 18%. These changes are significant at the P &lt; 0.005 confidence level, whereas changes in mean arterial pressure, mean arterial pCO2, and base line arterial pCO2 were statistically insignificant. This study suggests that intravenous furosemide is a quick, dependable, and effective mechanism for the intraoperative reduction of intracranial pressure in the postsubarachnoid hemorrhage aneurysm patient.
Sitting Prone Position for the Posterior Surgical Approach to the Spine and Posterior Fossa
Authors: Cook Albert W. , Siddiqi Tariq S. , Nidzgorski Florence , Clarke Hadley A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The sitting prone position is compared with the standard laminectomy prone position and the sitting up position for posterior fossa surgery. We measured central venous pressure and airway pressure with the patient in different positions to determine the comparative efficacy of the sitting prone position. On a linear average, the central venous pressure increased by 6.83 cm H2O and the airway pressure increased by 3.16 cm H2O when the patient was changed from the supine to the standard prone position under general anesthesia; with a change from the standard prone position to the sitting prone position, the central venous pressure decreased by 10.45 cm H2O and the airway pressure decreased by 3.66 cm H2O. However, comparing the sitting prone position for posterior fossa surgery with the sitting up position, there was no statistically significant difference in central venous or airway pressure.
Thrombosed Vein of Galen Aneurysm
Authors: Olin Michael S. , Eltomey Atef A. , Dunsmore Rembrandt H. , Roberts Melville P. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The authors report a case of thrombosed vein of Galen aneurysm in a 4.5-year-old girl with craniofacial dysostosis (Crouzon's disease). Six previously reported cases appear in the literature. The initial presentation is often associated with the symptoms and signs of hydrocephalus. Computed tomography shows an enhancing mass in the region of the posterior 3rd ventricle with the characteristic “target sign.” Arteriography of all aspects of both the anterior and the posterior cerebral circulation is essential. Surgical results in cases of vein of Galen aneurysm have generally been poor, but recent reports of successful operative intervention to treat the thrombosed variety promise satisfactory treatment.
Periodic Alternating Gaze
Authors: Larmande Pierre , Henin Dominique , Jan Michel , Gouaze André 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A clinicopathological study with electro-oculographic recording of a patient with periodic alternating gaze (PAG) is presented. There have been five previously reported anatomical observations of patients with this disorder. Bilateral cerebral disease with a mesencephalic lesion is observed. A study of oculovestibular reactions suggests that the generator of PAG is independent of the vestibular system
Seizures Due to Metrizamide Myelography in Patients with Acute Cervical Spine Injury
Authors: Conner Scott E. , Martuza Robert L. , Heros Roberto C. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Two patients each experienced a grand mal seizure after metrizamide myelography for acute cervical spine injury. Because of the potential disastrous consequences of a seizure in a patient with an unstable cervical spine, it is suggested that metrizamide be avoided in this setting whenever possible.
Prevention of Vasospasm by Early Operation with Removal of Subarachnoid Blood
Authors: Mizukami Masahiro , Kawase Takeshi , Usami Takashi , Tazawa Toshiaki 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Sixty-four patients who were operated on within 4 days after acute subarachnoid hemorrhage are included in this study. All patients underwent preoperative computed tomographic (CT) scanning, and the amount and distribution of subarachnoid blood clot were noted. Operation was carried out by the frontobasal lateral approach, and the subarachnoid clot was removed by microsurgical suction-irrigation after clipping of the aneurysm. Immediate postoperative CT scanning was performed to evaluate the completeness of the subarachnoid blood clot removal. The presence or absence of postoperative vasospasm was determined with angiography performed between the 7th and 10th postoperative days. All patients were, of course, also evaluated for evidence of neurological deterioration. Approximately two-thirds of the patients in this series showed high density subarachnoid blood clot on the preoperative CT scan. The postoperative CT scans showed that it was possible to remove the majority of the blood clot except that located in the frontal interhemispheric fissure, the posterior part of the insular cistern on the approached side, and all of the insular cistern on the contralateral side. There was no spasm or only mild spasm in any site where the blood clot had been successfully removed. Delayed neurological deficits occurred only in those cases in which subarachnoid blood clot remained in the cisterns. These results suggest that it is possible to prevent intracranial arterial spasm and associated neurological deterioration by early operation and removal of clotted blood from the subarachnoid space.
Dermoid Cysts of the Anterior Fontanelle
Authors: Pannell Beverly W. , Hendrick E. Bruce , Hoffman Harold J. , Humphreys Robin P. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A review of the medical records at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, from 1967 through 1980 showed that, of the 94 cases of dermoid cyst of the skull treated at this institution by the neurosurgical staff, 25 were located over the anterior fontanelle. This is the largest single group of cases reported to date. The children were 2 months to 13 years of age, but two-thirds were treated before their 1st birthday. Females outnumbered males 2:1, and all of the patients presented with a nontender swelling over the anterior fontanelle, which had been present from birth. The lesions were treated by a variety of surgical approaches, all of which were curative. None of the lesions has recurred. The most interesting finding was that all but 2 of the children were white, in contrast to all previously published series. This confirms our belief that the racial incidence of dermoid cysts of the anterior fontanelle is a reflection of the general population. A review of previously published cases and the pathology and embryology of the lesion is included.
Intracerebral Chemotherapy
Authors: Kroin Jeffrey S. , Penn Richard D. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat tumors in many parts of the body, does not reach brain tissue during systemic injection because of the blood-brain barrier and protein binding in the blood. To allow hydrophilic drugs, such as cisplatin, to reach brain neoplasms with minimal body toxicity, we tested chronic intracerebral microperfusion into the extracellular space of the brain in normal rats. Small stainless steel cannulas connected to osmotic minipumps were stereotactically placed in the midline cerebellum or frontal cortex, and cisplatin was pumped into the brain at the rate of 0.9 μg/hour for periods of up to 7 days. Brain tissue was then analyzed for the total platinum content, at 1-mm intervals from the cannula tip, using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results of the animal studies show that a platinum concentration of 2 ng/mg of tissue, wet weight, can be maintained over a 1-cm region of brain. If all of the extracellular platinum has remained in the active cisplatin form, then this would be equivalent to a drug concentration of 10 μM. Cisplatin at this constant level has been shown to have a therapeutic effect against various tumor lines in vitro. To extend these results to human brain neoplasms, we estimate that one cannula would be sufficient to treat a 1-cm tumor or a larger tumor that could be surgically reduced. For inoperable tumors of up to 2 cm in diameter, a multiple cannula system would be required to yield the 10 μM concentration throughout. For larger inoperable tumors, local infusion will not produce high enough drug levels. In conclusion, chronic intracerebral microinfusion can be used to produce adequate and sustained therapeutic drug levels over a considerable region of tissue without the problem of systemic toxicity.
Revascularization of the Rostral Brain Stem
Authors: Hopkins L. N. , Budny James L. , Spetzler Robert F. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The clinical and angiographic diagnosis of rostral brain stem vascular insufficiency is reviewed. The various possibilities for surgical revascularization of this area include anastomosis of the superficial temporal or occipital artery to the main stem of the posterior cerebral or superior cerebellar artery or their branches. A new technique for anastomosing the superficial temporal artery to the posterior cerebral artery in the tentorial incisura is presented, and other methods of rostral brain stem revascularization are considered. Indications for revascularization of the rostral brain stem are not clearly defined, but should include clinical and angiographic evidence of upper brain stem ischemia.
Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia Associated with Syncope and Seizures
Authors: St. John James N. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of glossopharyngeal neuralgia associated with seizures, syncope, bradycardia, and hypotension is presented. Intracranial section of the 9th cranial nerve and the upper filaments of the 10th cranial nerve resulted in the resolution of all symptoms. The literature is reviewed and the pathogenesis and treatment of the condition are discussed.
Intraventricular Hematoma Secondary to a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Authors: Kuwamura Keiichi , Kokunai Takashi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A rare and serious complication of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is reported. A huge intraventricular hematoma was confirmed by computed tomographic scanning and autopsy. This is the first report of such a complication in a newborn with hydrocephalus.
Perioperative Management of High Risk Patients with Cardiopulmonary Disease Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy or Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass
Authors: Pritz Michael B. , Kindt Glenn W. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Among a large group of patients who underwent either carotid endarterectomy or extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass were 13 patients who had cardiopulmonary monitoring performed by a dye dilution technique either with or without a thermodilution Swan-Ganz catheter. Each patient had at least two significant medical problems that were thought to place him or her at increased risk. The usefulness of this monitoring approach in the perioperative management of these patients is demonstrated by several clinical examples. No patient sustained myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or new neurological deficit during the perioperative period. Our experience suggests that high risk patients can safely undergo either carotid endarterectomy or EC-IC bypass provided that careful attention is paid to myocardial function and the state of hydration.
Cortical Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) Kinetics in Patients Undergoing Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass
Authors: Fein Jack M. , Olinger Rodney 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) kinetics were measured in 76 cortical areas in 26 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) undergoing extracranial-intracranial bypass. Direct cortical stimulation was utilized to induce changes in surface fluorescence corresponding to a brief oxidation and reduction of mitochondrial NADH. Preoperative studies of cerebral blood flow in gray matter ((CBF)g) demonstrated normal perfusion in 11 patients and ischemic changes ((CBF)g &lt; 43.5 ml/100 g/minute) in 15 patients. In 30 normally perfused areas within the craniotomy, the mean half-time for reduction (t½(red)) of cortical NAD was 21.5 ± 2.6 seconds. In 39 ischemic areas, the mean t½(red) was 5.6 ± 1.2 seconds. These rapid reduction rates were associated with supernormal overshoots of the base line indicative of a transient oxygen debt. Kinetic responses could not be elicited from 7 areas adjacent to foci of decreased attenuation on computed tomography. Bypass resulted in normalization of the t½(red) in 24 of 28 areas of ischemia. The dependence of NADH kinetics on blood flow through the graft was demonstrated in 15 of 19 areas of mild ischemia by the reapplication of a clip to the donor artery. It is concluded that persistent reversible abnormalities of cortical mitochondrial metabolism exist in a significant number of patients with a history of TIAs who are suitable candidates for bypass surgery. In such patients bypass may effectively augment the nutrient supply to meet the bioenergetic demands associated with increased electrophysiological activity.