bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schwelbrände im Gewebe
Authors: Schreiber Stefan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEntzündungen wirken heilsam, wenn sie eindringende Krankheitserreger abwehren – und zerstörerisch, wenn sie chronisch fortbestehen. Immer mehr Menschen werden krank, weil die Körperbarrieren in Darm, Haut oder Atemwegen dauerhaft entzündet sind. Ein Grund dafür könnten die Lebensbedingungen in der westlichen Welt sein.
Die große Last der seltenen Leiden
Authors: Klein Christoph 
Published: June 2011

AbstractViele tausend Erkrankungen sind heute bekannt, die jeweils nur sehr wenige Menschen betreffen. Deshalb standen sie lange Zeit im Abseits der Medizin. Ihre Erforschung ist nicht nur für die Patienten von großer Bedeutung, sie kann auch zu einem tieferen Verständnis der Vorgänge im Organismus insgesamt führen.
Zwischen Skalpell und Pipette
Authors: Unterstell Rembert 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOP‐Saal und Immunlabor – Stefan Fichtner‐Feigl ist hier wie dort zu Hause. Als Forscher will er die Entstehung von Tumoren infolge chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen besser verstehen, als Chirurg sie effektiver behandeln. Eine Begegnung in Regensburg.
Die verkannte Seuche
Authors: Glebe Dieter 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAids, Tuberkulose und Malaria stehen im Zentrum der medialen Aufmerksamkeit. In ihrem Schatten droht eine weitere Infektionskrankheit weltweit auszuufern: Hepatitis B. Neue Impfstoffe ließen sich zwar entwickeln, doch die Industrie zeigt kaum Interesse. Schon läuft auch Europa Gefahr, dass hoch aggressive Hepatitisviren aus Risikogebieten eingeschleppt werden – und neue Epidemien auslösen.
Jenseits der Gene
Authors: Rudolph Cornelia 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLange Zeit galten Leiden wie Krebs als Erkrankungen der Gene. Inzwischen weiß man jedoch, dass die genetische Aktivität durch zusätzliche molekulare Mechanismen reguliert wird und möglicherweise durch unsere Lebensgewohnheiten direkt beeinflussbar ist. Krebs erweist sich somit als kompliziertes Wechselspiel von Erbgut und Umwelt.
Ticagrelor: new antiplatelet for prevention of thrombotic events
Authors: Wright Paul , Antoniou Sotiris 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAntiplatelet drugs such as aspirin and clopidogrel are the cornerstone of atherothrombotic prevention in patients with ACS following percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting. However, due to variable response with these drugs many patients still experience atherothrombotic complications despite treatment. Ticagrelor (Brilique) reversibly and selectively inhibits adenosine diphosphate‐mediated platelet activation. Because it does not require metabolic activation in the liver, it has rapid onset and is less likely to exhibit interpatient variability.
Estimating the probability of CO2 plumes encountering faults
Authors: Jordan Preston D. , Oldenburg Curtis M. , Nicot Jean‐Philippe 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOne of the main concerns of CO2 storage in saline aquifers is leakage via faults. In the early stages of site selection, site‐specific fault (map) coverages are often not available for these saline aquifers. This lack of site‐specific data motivates development of a method that makes use of available regional fault data to estimate the probability of injected CO2 or the resulting pressure front encountering a fault, which is a necessary condition for leakage of CO2 or brine to occur via these pathways. The probability of encounter can be calculated from areal fault density statistics generated from available data, and CO2 plume or elevated pressure area dimensions generated by numerical simulation. Given a number of assumptions, the length of the plume or elevated pressure area perpendicular to a fault times the areal density of faults with offsets greater than some threshold of interest provides the probability of the plume or a pressure front of concern encountering such a fault. Application of this result to a previously planned, large‐scale pilot injection in the southern portion of the San Joaquin Basin yielded a 3% and 7% chance of the bulk phase CO2 plume encountering a fully and half‐seal offsetting fault, respectively. Subsequently available data provided a first test of this approach as a half‐seal offsetting fault was discovered at a distance from the injection well that implied a 20% probability of encounter for a plume sufficiently large to reach it. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The choice of detecting Down syndrome: does money matter?
Authors: Garrouste Clémentine , Le Jérôme , Maurin Eric 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome (amniocentesis) presents parents with a complex dilemma which requires comparing the risk of giving birth to an affected child and the risk of losing an unaffected child through amniocentesis‐related miscarriage. Building on the specific features of the French Health insurance system, this paper shows that variation in the monetary costs of the diagnosis procedure may have a very significant impact on how parents solve this ethical dilemma. The French institutions make it possible to compare otherwise similar women facing very different reimbursement schemes and we find that eligibility to full reimbursement has a largely positive effect on the probability of taking an amniocentesis test. By contrast, the sole fact of being labelled ‘high‐risk’ by the Health system seems to have, as such, only a modest effect on subsequent choices.Finally, building on available information on post‐amniocentesis outcomes, we report new evidence suggesting that amniocentesis increases the risk of premature birth and low weight at birth. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benzodiazepine prescription among patients with severe mental illness and co‐occurring alcohol abuse/dependence in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Shih‐Chi , Chen Cheng‐Chung , Chen Yeng‐Hung , Chung Kung‐Shang , Lin Ching‐Hua 
Published: June 2011

ObjectiveBecause benzodiazepines (BZDs) may be abused, prescribing them is debatable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prescription of BZDs to explore the current status of BZD use at discharge and at 4 months after discharge.MethodsFrom 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2006, prescribed doses for BZDs at discharge and at 4 months after discharge were recorded for all discharged inpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, and major depressive disorder. Two‐way analysis of variance was used to analyze the effects of severe mental illness and co‐occurring alcohol abuse/dependence on BZD doses at discharge and at 4 months after discharge.ResultsPatients with severe mental illness prescribed with significantly higher rates and higher doses of BZDs at discharge and at 4 months after discharge are more likely to have major depressive disorder and to have co‐occurring alcohol abuse/dependence problems. No significant interactions were found between severe mental illness and co‐occurring alcohol abuse/dependence.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that caution should be applied in prescribing BZDs to patients with severe mental illness, particularly those with major depressive disorder and co‐occurring alcohol abuse/dependence. Future studies require being conducted in many different mental health‐care systems in Taiwan to generalize the findings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study to evaluate the subjective abuse potential and cognitive effects of nabiximols oromucosal spray in subjects with a history of recreational cannabis use
Authors: Schoedel Kerri Alexandra , Chen Nancy , Hilliard Annie , White Linda , Stott Colin , Russo Ethan , Wright Stephen , Guy Geoffrey , Romach Myroslava K. , Sellers Edward M. 
Published: June 2011

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the abuse potential and cognitive effects of nabiximols (Sativex®, GW Pharma Ltd. Salisbury, UK), an oromucosal spray primarily containing delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).MethodsThis was a single‐dose, randomized, double‐blind, crossover study comparing nabiximols (4, 8, and 16 consecutive sprays: 10.8, 21.6, and 43.2 mg THC, respectively) with dronabinol 20 and 40 mg (synthetic THC: Marinol®, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Brussels, Belgium) and matching placebos in 23 recreational cannabis users. Subjective and cognitive/psychomotor measures were administered over 24 h post‐dose.ResultsDronabinol was significantly different from placebo on abuse potential measures, thereby confirming study validity. Nabiximols 10.8 mg was not significantly different from placebo on primary measures but was different on some secondary measures. Nabiximols 21.6 mg was significantly greater than placebo on some primary/secondary measures, whereas nabiximols 43.2 mg showed significant effects on most measures. Nabiximols 10.8 mg was significantly lower than dronabinol doses on most measures (p < 0.05). Dronabinol 20 mg effects were numerically higher than nabiximols 21.6 mg but were statistically significant only for some measures. Dronabinol 40 mg and nabiximols 43.2 mg were generally not statistically different.ConclusionsBoth dronabinol and nabiximols had significant abuse potential compared with placebo at higher doses. Nabiximols showed similar or slightly less abuse potential compared with dronabinol. Therefore, the abuse potential of nabiximols should be no higher than that of dronabinol. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial scale effect on the upper soil effective parameters of a distributed hydrological model
Authors: Barrios M. , Francés F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNonlinear dynamics and spatial variability in hydrological systems make the formulation of scaling theories difficult. Therefore, the development of knowledge related to scale effects, scaling techniques, parameterization and linkages of parameters across scales is highly relevant. The main purpose of this work is to analyse the spatial effect of the static storage capacity parameter Hu and the saturated hydraulic conductivity parameter ks from microscale (sub‐grid level) to mesoscale (grid level) and its implication to the definition of an optimum cell size. These two parameters describe the upper soil water characteristics in the infiltration process conceptualization of the TETIS hydrological model. At microscale, the spatial heterogeneity of Hu and ks was obtained generating random parameter fields through probability distribution functions and a spatial dependence model with pre‐established correlation lengths. The effective parameters at mesoscale were calculated by solving the inverse problem for each parameter field. Results indicate that the adopted inverse formulation allows transferring the nonlinearity of the system from microscale to the mesoscale via non‐stationary effective parameters. Their values at each cell and time step are in the range of zero to the mean value of the parameter at microscale. The stochastic simulations showed that the variance of the estimated effective parameters decreases when the ratio between mesoscale cell size and correlation length at microscale increases. For a ratio greater than 1, we found cell sizes having the characteristics of a representative elementary area (REA); in such case, the microscale variability pattern did not affect the system response at mesoscale. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal evaluation of rainfall estimation by four cumulus parameterization schemes and their sensitivity analysis
Authors: Ishak Asnor Muizan , Bray Michaela , Remesan Renji , Han Dawei 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSustainable water resources management require scientifically sound information on precipitation, as it plays a key role in hydrological responses in a catchment. In recent years, mesoscale weather models in conjunction with hydrological models have gained great attention as they can provide high‐resolution downscaled weather variables. Many cumulus parameterization schemes (CPSs) have been developed and incorporated into three‐dimensional Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR) mesoscale model 5 (MM5). This study has performed a comprehensive evaluation of four CPSs (the Anthes–Kuo, Grell, Betts–Miller and Kain–Fritsch93 schemes) to identify how their inclusion influences the mesoscale model's precipitation estimation capabilities. The study has also compared these four CPSs in terms of variability in rainfall estimation at various horizontal and vertical levels. For this purpose, the MM5 was nested down to resolution of 81 km for Domain 1 (domain span 21 × 81 km) and 3 km for Domain 4 (domain span 16 × 3 km), respectively, with vertical resolutions at 23, 40 and 53 vertical levels. The study was carried out at the Brue catchment in Southwest England using both the ERA‐40 reanalysis data and the land‐based observation data. The performances of four CPs were evaluated in terms of their ability to simulate the amount of cumulative rainfall in 4 months in 1995 representing the four seasonal months, namely, January (winter), March (spring), July (summer) and October (autumn). It is observed that the Anthes–Kuo scheme has produced inferior precipitation values during spring and autumn seasons while simulations during winter and summer were consistently good. The Betts–Miller scheme has produced some reasonable results, particularly at the small‐scale domain (3 km grid size) during winter and summer. The KF2 scheme was the best scheme for the larger‐scale (81 km grid size) domain during winter season at both 23 and 53 vertical levels. This scheme tended to underestimate rainfall for other seasons including the small‐scale domain (3 km grid size) in the mesoscale. The Grell scheme was the best scheme in simulating rainfall rates, and was found to be superior to other three schemes with consistently better results in all four seasons and in different domain scales. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of the spatial arrangement of land management practices on surface runoff for small catchments
Authors: Colin F. , Moussa R. , Louchart X. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPredicting the impact of land use changes on the hydrological response is crucial for water resource management. In the particular case of small catchments (1–10 km2), distributed models could provide useful answers regarding the effects of cultivation practices and man‐made works on water fluxes. However, the impacts of specific land use spatial arrangements are difficult to predict because of the prohibitive number of possible cases to consider. Focusing on surface runoff, this article describes a strategy based on a water particle tracking routine to be plugged‐in a distributed model that is designed to determine the spatial arrangements of land management practices that have the greatest impact on volume, peak discharge and lag time at the catchment outlet. A case study is described; the hydrological response of the Roujan catchment (Herault, France) is simulated with the MHYDAS model. The Roujan catchment contains a vineyard in a Mediterranean climate in a landscape in which weeding practices highly influence the partition between soil infiltration and runoff. Results showed that the proposed strategy is much more efficient than a random approach to design the spatial arrangements of the vineyard weeding practices with the greatest impact. Therefore, the proposed strategy may lead to innovative policies for the spatial planning of land management practices. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EVALUATION OF HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF DOWNSTREAM‐CONTROLLED MAIRA‐PHLC IRRIGATION CANALS UNDER CROP‐BASED IRRIGATION OPERATIONS
Authors: Munir Sarfraz , Schultz Bart , Suryadi F.X. , Bharati Luna 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTDemand‐based irrigation systems are operated according to crop water requirements. As crop water requirements remain variable throughout the growing season, the discharges in the canal also vary to meet demands. The irrigation system under study is a demand‐based semi‐automatic irrigation system, where flows in the main canal are automatically controlled and secondary canals manually operated. The main canal headworks have been equipped with the SCADA system with proportional integral (PI) discharge controllers and the canal itself has been provided with self‐regulating AVIS/AVIO downstream control gates for flow regulation in the canal. The secondary canals have manually operated sliding gates, which are opened or closed as per crop water requirements of the command area following a crop‐based irrigations operation (CBIO) schedule under which they remain closed for one week after one or several weeks open, depending upon water needs. The flow in the main canal is then automatically adjusted according to the number of open or closed secondary offtakes. These operations result in fluctuating flows in the main canal and if not properly planned can cause serious implications for canal safety and its hydrodynamic performance. The PI discharge controllers regulate discharge releases to the canal in order to satisfy demands. The proper selection of PI coefficients ensures system safety and efficient water delivery. The operation of the secondary canals also plays a key role in defining the performance of the automatic operations. The planned opening and closure of a cluster of offtakes ensures safety of the self‐regulating structures and stability of the flows in the main canal. In this paper various options have been tested using hydrodynamic modelling and we found some optimal values of PI coefficients and defined some rules for secondary canal operations to enhance the operational performance and sustainability of downstream‐controlled irrigation canals. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limitations to the structure‐based design of HIV‐1 vaccine immunogens
Authors: Van Regenmortel Marc H. V. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn spite of 25 years of intensive research, no effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) vaccine has yet been developed. One reason for this is that investigators have concentrated mainly on the structural analysis of HIV‐1 antigens because they assumed that it should be possible to deduce vaccine‐relevant immunogens from the structure of viral antigens bound to neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. This unwarranted assumption arises from misconceptions regarding the nature of protein epitopes and from the belief that it is justified to extrapolate from the antigenicity to the immunogenicity of proteins.Although the structure of the major HIV‐1 antigenic sites has been elucidated, this knowledge has been of little use for designing an HIV‐1 vaccine. Little attention has been given to the fact that protective immune responses tend to be polyclonal and involve antibodies directed to several different epitopes. It is concluded that only trial and error, empirical investigations using numerous immunization protocols may eventually allow us to identify which mixtures of immunogens are likely to be the best candidates for an HIV‐1 vaccine. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey of the 2006–2009 quartz crystal microbalance biosensor literature
Authors: Becker Bernd , Cooper Matthew A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSince the publication of the original review of piezoelectric acoustic sensors in this series there has been a consistent, gradual expansion in the number of published papers using ‘quartz crystal microbalances’ (QCM). Between 2001 and 2009, the number of QCM publications per annum has increased from 49 to 273, with a two‐fold increase in papers per annum between 2004 and 2008. Within the field, comparing the time covered by the current to the previous review, there are trends towards increasing use of QCM in the study of protein adsorption to surfaces (93% increase), homeostasis (67% increase), protein–protein interactions (40% increase) and carbohydrates (43% increase). New commercial systems have been released that are driving the uptake of the technology for characterization of binding specificities, affinities, kinetics and conformational changes associated with a molecular recognition event. This paper highlights theoretical and practical aspects of the principles that underpin acoustic analysis, then reviews exemplary papers in key application areas involving small molecular weight ligands, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, bacteria, cells and membrane interfaces. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous topography and recognition imaging on endothelial cells
Authors: Chtcheglova L. A. , Hinterdorfer P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDetermining the landscape of specific binding sites on biological samples with high spatial accuracy (in the order of several nanometres) is an important task in many fields of biological science. During the past five years, dynamic recognition imaging (e.g. simultaneous topography and recognition (TREC) imaging) has proven to be a powerful technique in biophysical research. This technique becomes an indispensable tool for high‐resolution receptor mapping as it has been successfully demonstrated on different biomolecular model systems. In these studies, the topographical imaging of receptor molecules is combined with molecular recognition by their cognate ligands bound to the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip via a flexible and distensible tether. In this review, we describe the principles of TREC imaging and provide a flavour of its recent application on endothelial cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategy alignment boosts business results and employee satisfaction at Sandia National Laboratories
Authors: McCaughey Kathleen G. , Galaviz Maria E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFaced with the challenge of meeting increased customer demands with a decreasing budget, the Responsive Neutron Generator Product Deployment Center of Sandia National Laboratories used a value‐creation process management system based on lean principles to cascade its strategic plan into lower‐level objectives, provide a means to monitor and control progress in a systematic way, and ensure a closed‐loop system for performing work. Over the past four years, the Center has improved performance and employee and customer satisfaction and significantly reduced operating expenses by aligning all work in the organization to its strategic objectives and developing a culture in which employees know how their work fits into the larger organizational context. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Labor‐management collaboration ensures sustainable change at MillerCoors
Authors: Semper Scott 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn its quest to become a world‐class manufacturer, MillerCoors tapped into the lean philosophy to minimize waste and create an environment of empowerment. Realizing the importance of teamwork between management and union representatives, it also identified the critical success factors needed to forge a platform of trust throughout the organization. Both groups worked together to craft a collaborative leadership and change management approach to ensure that any changes they proposed would be mutually beneficial, as well as effective and sustainable. Its model can be used by organizations of any size that are seeking to manage the complexities of change. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.