bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in south-east China, 1993–2005
Authors: Jin Lei , Yeung Lorraine F , Cogswell Mary E , Ye Rongwei , Berry Robert J , Liu Jianmeng , Hu Dale J , Zhu Li 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo report the prevalence of anaemia by demographic characteristics and its secular trend over 13 years for south-east Chinese pregnant women, and to determine the focus of anaemia prevention in Chinese pregnant women.DesignProspective study of the data on Hb concentration and other demographic information from a large-scale population-based perinatal health surveillance system in south-east China.SettingFourteen cities or counties in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.SubjectsA total of 467 057 prenatal women who had participated in the perinatal health-care surveillance system and delivered babies from 1 January 1993 to 31 December 2005 and had a record of Hb in all three pregnancy trimesters.ResultsThe overall prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was 39·6 % from 1993 to 2005. Anaemia prevalence increased from the first (29·6 %) to the second (33·0 %) and third (56·2 %) trimesters. The prevalence of anaemia was higher in villagers, in women with less education and in women with higher gravidity or parity. The prevalence of anaemia in all of the trimesters was higher in the spring, summer and autumn and lower in the winter. The prevalence decreased from 1993 to 2005, from 53·3 % to 11·4 % for the first trimester, 45·6 % to 22·8 % for the second trimester and 64·6 % to 44·6 % for the third trimester.ConclusionsThe prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces decreased substantially from 1993 to 2005. However, anaemia in the third trimester is still a severe public health problem among pregnant women in these areas.
Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics in relation to dietary patterns among young Brazilian adults
Authors: Olinto Maria Teresa A , Willett Walter C , Gigante Denise P , Victora Cesar G 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo identify dietary patterns among young adults and the relationships with socio-economic, demographic and lifestyle characteristics.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study. Food intake was assessed by a frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were identified using principal components analysis.SettingSouthern Brazil.SubjectsA total of 4202 men and women aged 23 years, who participated in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study.ResultsFive dietary patterns were identified: common Brazilian, processed food, vegetable/fruit, dairy/dessert and tubers/pasta. Subjects who had low own or maternal educational levels, low social position or who were always poor throughout life had high adherence to the common Brazilian dietary pattern. In contrast, the processed food pattern was more likely to be followed by those belonging to middle and high social position and who were never poor. Men and smokers showed high adherence to the processed food and common Brazilian dietary patterns. Vegetable/fruit pattern was more likely to be followed by women and subjects engaged in physical activity. Women also showed high adherence to the dairy/dessert pattern.ConclusionsOur study among young Brazilian adults has identified distinct dietary patterns that are clearly influenced by socio-economic and lifestyle characteristics, which have important policy implications in a country with marked social and economic inequalities.
Fruit and vegetables should be targeted separately in health promotion programmes: differences in consumption levels, barriers, knowledge and stages of readiness for change
Authors: Glasson Colleen , Chapman Kathy , James Erica 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether fruit and vegetables should be treated as separate groups in health promotion programmes by examining consumption levels, barriers, knowledge and the association between stage of change and potential predictors of fruit and vegetable intake.DesignComputer-assisted telephone interview survey of the target population.SettingHunter and New England regions of New South Wales, Australia.SubjectsA total of 1403 parents and carers of primary-school-aged children.ResultsConsumption levels and knowledge of recommended intakes and serving size were greater for fruit than for vegetables. There were some differences in the main barriers to the consumption of fruit compared with those cited for vegetables. There was little congruence between the stages of change for fruit consumption and those for vegetable consumption. For fruit, knowledge of serving size and recommended intake, perceptions of adequate consumption, changes made to family intake and educational attainment were all correlated with stage of change categorisation. For vegetables, knowledge of recommended intake, perceptions of adequate consumption and changes made to family intake were correlated with stage of change categorisation.ConclusionsSignificant differences in consumption levels, barriers, knowledge and stages of readiness for change can be shown when fruit and vegetables are treated as separate groups. Health promotion planners may need to consider interventions that focus on improving vegetable consumption in preference to fruit consumption. Messages about the recommended number of servings and serving size must be simplified and this may be achieved by targeting messages towards vegetable consumption.
Developing countries in the WTO Trade Policy Review Mechanism
Authors: GHOSH ARUNABHA 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) has been an integral part of the GATT/WTO since 1989 and shoulders a fundamental responsibility in making the regime more transparent. This paper asks: how has the TPRM responded to demands from developing countries for information and transparency? The paper uses a typology of information systems to explain the evolution of surveillance in the trade regime and asks whether the TPRM was assigned the functions of an ideal-type information system. The paper, then, evaluates the performance of the TPRM against its given mandate of increasing transparency to promote improved adherence with trade rules. It presents, for the first time, empirical evidence on the content of reports and the participation of countries, to highlight persisting content- and participation-related challenges. It discusses the capacity challenges within the WTO Secretariat and briefly outlines efforts made by developing countries to boost surveillance capacity at home. The paper ends by outlining priorities for monitoring in the trade regime: generating specific information that developing countries need, supporting domestic capacity for surveillance (including from non-official sources), and concentrating on improved peer review and follow-up procedures.Monitoring and surveillance is the rising agenda of the WTO.Pascal Lamy1
Seeking mutual understanding: a discourse-theoretical analysis of the WTO Dispute Settlement System
Authors: CEVA EMANUELA , FRACASSO ANDREA 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe WTO Dispute Settlement System (DSS) has been the object of many studies in politics, law, and economics focusing on institutional design problems. This paper contributes to such studies by accounting for the argumentative nature and sophisticated features of the DSS through a philosophical analysis of the procedures through which it is articulated. Jürgen Habermas's discourse theory is used as a hermeneutic device to disentangle the types of ‘orientations’ (compromise, consensus, and mutual understanding) pertaining to DSS procedures. We show that these latter are oriented primarily to put the parties in a position to reach mutual understanding. Such an orientation is no mere idiosyncrasy of the DSS but is the only one consistently conducive to the WTO's general aims, in response to the various types of disputes that may arise between its Members. Before closing, we bring our procedural considerations to bear on the reform proposals of the DSS.
Conclude Doha: it matters!
Authors: HOEKMAN BERNARD , MARTIN WILL , MATTOO AADITYA 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Doha Round must be concluded not because it will produce dramatic liberalization but because it will create greater security of market access. Its conclusion would strengthen, symbolically and substantively, the WTO's valuable role in restraining protectionism. What is on the table would constrain the scope for tariff protection in all goods, ban agricultural export subsidies in the industrial countries and sharply reduce the scope for distorting domestic support – by 70% in the EU and 60% in the US. Average farm tariffs that exporters face would fall to 12% (from 14.5%) and the tariffs on exports of manufactures to less than 2.5% (from about 3%). There are also environmental benefits to be captured, in particular disciplining the use of subsidies that encourage over-fishing and lowering tariffs on technologies that can help mitigate global warming. An agreement to facilitate trade by cutting red tape will further expand trade opportunities. Greater market access for the least-developed countries will result from the ‘duty free and quota free’ proposal and their ability to take advantage of new opportunities will be enhanced by the Doha-related ‘aid for trade’ initiative. Finally, concluding Doha would create space for multilateral cooperation on critical policy matters that lie outside the Doha Agenda, most urgently the trade policy implications of climate change mitigation.
A comparison of SNAP II© and bispectral index monitoring in patients undergoing sedation
Authors: Springman S. R. , Andrei A.‐C. , Willmann K. , Rusy D. A. , Warren M. E. , Han S. , Lee M. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryClinical signs and patients’ verbal responses have traditionally been used to assess patients’ comfort and the depth of sedation. Recently, level‐of‐consciousness monitors have been used to guide sedation. The SNAP II© is a single‐lead electroencephalogram device that displays a SNAP© Index – a derived value based on both high and low frequency electroencephalogram signals. Much of the current clinical research on monitoring during sedation involves the bispectral index monitor. We compared simultaneous readings recorded by the SNAP II and bispectral index during sedation in 51 consecutive patients undergoing surgery. The anaesthesia team was blinded to the SNAP II and bispectal index values. Concurrent SNAP II and bispectral index readings displayed similarly‐shaped trajectories during sedation, but further studies are needed to establish the routine clinical utility of both these monitors.
Detection of mumps virus‐specific memory B cells by transfer of peripheral blood mononuclear cells into immune‐deficient mice
Authors: Vandermeulen Corinne , Verhoye Lieven , Vaidya Sunil , Clement Frédéric , Brown Kevin E. , Hoppenbrouwers Karel , Leroux‐Roels Geert 
Published: June 2010

SummaryWaning immunity to mumps after one or two doses of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine has been described. Using a human peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL)–severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model, MMR vaccine recipients with undetectable and high antibody titres against mumps were compared for the presence of circulating mumps‐specific memory B cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from six donors (three subjects with undetectable and three with high antibody titres against mumps) were injected into the spleens of non‐obese diabetic (NOD)‐SCID mice (three mice per subject). Mice were pretreated with TMβ1 and total body irradiation to improve engraftment. In vivo production of human antibodies against mumps was evaluated in mouse plasma on days 7, 10 and 13 with a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), functional reduction neutralization test. Three donors had mumps antibody titres below the detection limit (titre < 230) and three had high antibody titres (range 5700–7300). None of the mice injected with PBMC from subjects with undetectable antibody titres showed detectable human antibody titres, despite the presence of cell‐mediated immunity in two of the three donors. Seven out of nine mice injected with PBMC from subjects with high antibody titres acquired detectable antibody titres for mumps in their plasma. PBMC from vaccinees without detectable serum antibodies against mumps virus were unable to induce secretion of anti‐mumps antibodies in the blood of recipient mice, whereas PBMC from vaccinees with high antibody titres were able to do so. This observation suggests that the frequency of mumps‐specific memory B cells is very low in vaccinees with undetectable antibody titres. These individuals may therefore be at risk of developing mumps disease upon encounter with wild‐type virus.
SDF‐1α/CXCR4 axis is involved in glucose‐potentiated proliferation and chemotaxis in rat vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Jie Wei , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Yuhong , Guo Junli , Kuang Dong , Zhu Pengcheng , Wang Guoping , Ao Qilin 
Published: June 2010

SummaryExcessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which migrate from the tunica media to the subendothelial region, is one of the primary lesions involved in atherogenesis in diabetes. Here, we investigated whether high glucose potentiated the proliferation and chemotaxis of VSMCs by activating SDF‐1α/CXCR4/PI‐3K/Akt signalling. The expression of SDF‐1α, CXCR4 and PCNA was up‐regulated in tunica media of thoracic aortas by streptozotocin‐induced hyperglycaemic Sprague–Dawley rats. Exposure of primary VSMCs to high glucose (25 mM) led to the up‐regulated expression of SDF‐1α and CXCR4, activated PI‐3K/Akt signalling, and consequently promoted the proliferation and chemotaxis of VSMCs. Interestingly, the administration of SDF‐1 siRNA or neutralizing antibody against SDF‐1α abolished high glucose‐induced up‐regulation of CXCR4. Moreover, pretreatment with SDF‐1α neutralizing antibody, CXCR4 specific inhibitor (AMD3100) or PI‐3K inhibitor (LY294002) attenuated the high glucose‐potentiated proliferation and chemotaxis in VSMCs. These results suggested that high glucose activated the SDF‐1α/CXCR4/PI‐3K/Akt signalling pathway in VSMCs in an autocrine manner, which enhanced the proliferation and chemotaxis of VSMCs.
Adenohypophysitis in rat pituitary allografts
Authors: Rotondo Fabio , Quintanar‐Stephano Andres , Asa Sylvia L. , Lombardero Matilde , Berczi Istvan , Scheithauer Bernd W. , Horvath Eva , Kovacs Kalman 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThe histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural alterations in 81 pituitary allografts from Lewis rats transplanted beneath the renal capsule of Wistar rats were investigated. Intrasellar pituitaries of rats bearing allografts were also examined. Recipient rats were sacrificed at various time points after transplantation. Two days after transplantation, the central portion of the allografts demonstrated ischaemic necrosis. A week later, massive mononuclear cell infiltrates consisting primarily of lymphocytes and to a lesser extent, macrophages, plasma cells and granulocytes became prominent. At about three to four weeks after transplantation, the mononuclear cell infiltrate diminished; the surviving adenohypophysial cells, mainly prolactin (PRL) cells, increased in number and necrosis was replaced by connective tissue. No histological changes were noted in the intrasellar pituitaries of rats bearing allografts. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the surviving adenohypophysial cells were mainly PRL‐producing cells. Electron microscopy revealed adenohypophysial cell destruction, a spectrum of inflammatory cells and, in late phase, accumulation of fibroblasts and collagen fibres. PRL cells were the prominent cell types; they increased in number. It appears that pituitary allografts are ‘foreign’ and evoke an immune response, suggesting that they may be used as an experimental animal model for morphological investigation of the development and progression of adenohypophysitis, a rare disease occurring mainly in young women often associated with pregnancy.
Fatty acid profile and proximate composition of Pacific mullet (Mugil so‐iuy) caught in the Black Sea
Authors: Köse Sevim , Koral Serkan , Özoğul Yeşim , Tufan Bekir 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThis study demonstrates proximate composition and fatty acid profile of Pacific mullet caught in Turkey. The highest moisture and protein contents were observed with muscle tissues as 83.74 and 10.52%, while the highest fat and ash contents were attributed to female gonads as 11.80 and 0.94%, respectively, with a significant variation amongst months (P < 0.05). Significant variation (P < 0.05) usually occurred amongst months within the same sex for total saturated fatty acids (∑SFA), monosaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in muscle, although overall mean values between sexes were not found significant. Except for EPA, no variation observed for gonads while significant changes occurred (P < 0.05) with liver samples amongst months. Overall total values of ∑SFA, ∑MUFA, ∑PUFA, DHA and EPA in muscle samples were 29.59, 29.26, 18.06 and 4.48%, respectively, while in gonads ranged as 30.26–33.23%, 35.17–37.47%, 11.87–14.88%, 4.38–5.34% and 3.02–5.02%. These FAs were 21.57–33.11%, 32.89–50.96%, 14.78–20.08%, 0.89–9.94% and 5.85–9.54% for liver, respectively. The results of this study showed that muscle and gonads of Pacific mullet were rich in n‐3 PUFA, especially, EPA, DHA, increasing the value of this species for human consumption.
Promoting a continuation of self and normality: person‐centred care as described by people with dementia, their family members and aged care staff
Authors: Edvardsson David , Fetherstonhaugh Deirdre , Nay Rhonda 
Published: June 2010

Aims and objectives.  This article aims to describe the content of person‐centred care as described by people with dementia, family members and staff in residential aged care.Background.  Person‐centred care is increasingly being regarded as synonymous with best quality aged care; however, studies exploring stakeholders’ experiences of person‐centred care are few.Design.  A qualitative explorative design was employed using conversational research interviews and content analysis.Method.  Research interviews were conducted in 2007 and 2008 with staff working in aged care (n = 37), people with early onset dementia (n = 11), and family members of patients with dementia (n = 19) and were analysed using content analysis.Results.  The findings indicated that the core category of person‐centred care was promoting a continuation of self and normality. Five content categories emerged as contributing to promoting a continuation of self and normality: knowing the person; welcoming family; providing meaningful activities; being in a personalised environment; and experiencing flexibility and continuity.Conclusions.  This study describes person‐centred care as it is understood by people with dementia, their family members and staff in residential aged care, and as such it contributes with inside perspectives to current understandings of person‐centred care, perspectives that have been largely lacking.Relevance to clinical practice.  The findings of this study are clinically relevant and ready to be operationalised and applied in clinical aged care. The categories can be used as a topic guide for discussions in aged care organisations on the quality of current care and as elements indicating how to increase the person‐centredness of care provided.
Thiele massage as a therapeutic option for women with chronic pelvic pain caused by tenderness of pelvic floor muscles
Authors: De Souza Montenegro Mary Lourdes Lima , Mateus‐Vasconcelos Elaine Cristine , Candido dos Reis Francisco José , Rosa e Silva Júlio César , Nogueira Antonio Alberto , Poli Neto Omero Benedicto 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAims and objectives  Musculoskeletal system has been found to be involved in genesis and perpetuation of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and has strong evidences that up to 80% of women with CPP present dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system. In this study, we report a series of women with CPP caused by tenderness of pelvic floor muscles successfully treated with Thiele massage.Methods  Were included in this study six women with CPP caused by tenderness of the levator ani muscle that underwent transvaginal massage using the Thiele technique, over a period of 5 minutes repeated once a week for 4 weeks. After 1 month, the women returned for follow‐up.Results  The median tenderness score for the six women evaluated was 3 at the first evaluation and 0 after 1 month of follow‐up (P < 0.01). The mean Visual Analogue Scale and McGill Pain Index scores were 8.1 and 34, respectively, at the first evaluation, and 1.5 and 16.6 at follow‐up (P < 0.01).Conclusion  Thiele massage appears to be very helpful for women with CPP caused by tenderness of the levator ani muscle. However, these results are preliminary and a larger number of women are necessary to obtain more conclusive results.
The quality of patient‐orientated Internet information on oral lichen planus: a pilot study
Authors: López‐Jornet Pía , Camacho‐Alonso Fabio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective  This study examines the accessibility and quality Web pages related with oral lichen planus.Methods  Sites were identified using two search engines (Google and Yahoo!) and the search terms ‘oral lichen planus’ and ‘oral lesion lichenoid’. The first 100 sites in each search were visited and classified. The web sites were evaluated for content quality by using the validated DISCERN rating instrument. JAMA benchmarks and ‘Health on the Net’ seal (HON).Results  A total of 109 000 sites were recorded in Google using the search terms and 520 000 in Yahoo! A total of 19 Web pages considered relevant were examined on Google and 20 on Yahoo! As regards the JAMA benchmarks, only two pages satisfied the four criteria in Google (10%), and only three (15%) in Yahoo! As regards DISCERN, the overall quality of web site information was poor, no site reaching the maximum score. In Google 78.94% of sites had important deficiencies, and 50% in Yahoo!, the difference between the two search engines being statistically significant (P = 0.031). Only five pages (17.2%) on Google and eight (40%) on Yahoo! showed the HON code.Conclusion  Based on our review, doctors must assume primary responsibility for educating and counselling their patients.
An economic evaluation of water birth: the cost‐effectiveness of mother well‐being
Authors: Pagano Eva , De Rota Barbara , Ferrando Alberto , Petrinco Michele , Merletti Franco , Gregori Dario 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose  To assess the cost‐effectiveness of water compared with normal land delivery.Methods  A retrospective controlled study was conducted over a two‐year period in a Northern Italian hospital. The cohort included all the 110 women who completed a water birth and 110 women who had a land birth during the same period. The two groups were compared with respect to labour duration, perineal tear and newborn's health status. The economic evaluation adopted a cost‐effectiveness approach in relation to presence/absence of perineal tears.Results  In the water delivery group 58 women (52.7%) experienced at least one perineal tear versus 80 (72.7%) in the traditional delivery group. The mean duration of labour was similar in the two groups. Neonatal well‐being, expressed as Apgar score, did not differ significantly among the two groups at the first minute (9.48 vs. 9.28) and was slightly higher at 5 minutes in the water delivery group (9.95 vs. 9.84; P = 0.0269). Water delivery was found to be both more costly [ΔC = €279; 95% confidence interval (CI): 262–296] and more effective in terms of avoided perineal tears. The incremental health care cost per avoided perineal tear because of water delivery was estimated of €1395.7 (95% CI: 1049.2–3608.5).Conclusion  Water birth, as compared with traditional delivery, allows for an increase in maternal well‐being and is cost‐effective.