bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference equation for 6‐min walk distance in healthy North African children 6–16 years old
Authors: Saad Helmi Ben , Prefaut Christian , Missaoui Rayfa , Mohamed Imen Hadj , Tabka Zouhair , Hayot Maurice 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRationaleTo assess the need for a 6‐min walk distance (6‐MWD) reference equation for healthy North African children 6–16 years old.MethodsProspective cross‐sectional study. Anthropometric data and 6‐MWD were measured in 200 healthy Tunisian children (100 girls) from 6 to 16 years old.ResultsPublished reference equations did not reliably predict measured 6‐MWD in North African children. The 6‐MWD was significantly correlated with age, height, and weight (P < 0.001, each). The combination of these parameters explained 60% of the 6‐MWD variability in the equation: 6‐MWD (m) = 4.63 × height (cm) − 3.53 × weight (kg) + 10.42 × age (years) + 56.32. In an additional group of 41 children prospectively studied to validate the equation, the agreement between measured and predicted 6‐MWD was satisfactory.ConclusionThis reliable 6‐MWD reference equation enriches the World Bank and provides a useful reference for the care of pediatric patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:316–324. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined analysis of spatially resolved electronic structure and composition on a cross‐section of a thin film Cu(In1–xGax)S2 solar cell
Authors: Mainz R. , Streicher F. , Abou‐Ras D. , Sadewasser S. , Klenk R. , Lux‐Steiner M. Ch. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this work we present a combination of two spatially resolved experimental methods to analyse correlations between distributions of element concentrations and electronic structure of cross sections of thin film semiconductor devices. We applied these methods to a cross section of a thin film Cu(In1–x Gax)S2/CdS/ZnO solar cell. The electronic structure was analysed by measuring the work function of the cross section by Kelvin probe force microscopy. To determine the gallium concentration of the cross section of the Cu(In1–x Gax)S2 layer we performed energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX). We were able to match the spatial coordinates of these measurements. By this we could observe a correlation between the gallium concentration of the Cu(In1–x Gax)S2 layer and its work function. The EDX measurements show that the Cu(In1–x Gax)S2 layer features a two‐layer structure – one layer with a low gallium concentration (x ≈ 0) and one (at the back of the solar cell) with a high gallium concentration (x ≈ 1). Furthermore we discuss the influence of the two‐layer structure of the Cu(In1–x Gax)S2 absorber layer on the photovoltaic properties of the solar cell. The spectral quantum efficiency was measured on the same sample before the depth resolved data were taken. We observe an improvement of short circuit current and overall efficiency of the Cu(In1–x Gax)S2/CdS/ZnO solar cell compared to a gallium‐free CuInS2/CdS/ZnO solar cell. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Neutron diffraction studies on heavy fermion superconducting and antiferromagnetic compounds CeRh1–xCox In5
Authors: Ohira‐Kawamura Seiko , Kawano‐Furukawa Hazuki , Shishido Hiroaki , Okazaki Ryuji , Shibauchi Takasada , Harima Hisatomo , Matsuda Yuji 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCeCoIn5 is a heavy fermion superconductor with the transition temperature Tc = 2.3 K, while in a related material CeRhIn5 the superconductivity is highly suppressed and an incommensurate antiferromagnetic (AFM) order characterized by the propagation vector qh = (1/2, 1/2, 0.297) appears below TN = 3.8 K. From the elastic neutron diffraction measurements on mixed compounds CeRh1–x Cox In5, it was found that the superconductivity is strongly suppressed by the incommensurate AFM order while it coexists with the commensurate AFM order with qc = (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) in the intermediate x region. This is in sharp contrast to the CeRh1–x Irx In5 system, where both the commensurate and incommensurate AFM orders coexist with the superconductivity. These results reveal that particular areas on the Fermi surface nested by qh play an active role in forming the superconducting state in CeCoIn5. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wind profiler observations of a sting jet
Authors: Parton G. A. , Vaughan G. , Norton E. G. , Browning K. A. , Clark P. A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSome of the most damaging surface winds experienced in midlatitude cyclonic storms have been attributed to a phenomenon known as a sting jet. Previous studies have deduced how sting jets develop from their midtropospheric origin, but there have been no direct observations of these wind features in the midtroposphere. During Windstorm Jeanette on 27 October 2002, the tip of the storm's cloud head passed over a VHF wind profiler at Aberystwyth, Wales, allowing the structure of a sting jet to be measured with high spatial and temporal resolution. These observations showed a multiple slantwise structure to the sting jet region, with two tails of increased winds that persisted after the passing of the cloud head aloft. Simulations by the Met Office Unified Model (UM) showed that the slantwise structure followed θw surfaces, and that the sting jet descended along θ surfaces as it passed over the UK, accelerating and drying during its descent. The horizontal and vertical scales of the observed structures are compatible with slantwise convection releasing conditional symmetric instability within the cloud head. Further observations of the sting jet were obtained by a UHF wind profiler at Cardington in Eastern England, where the sting jet had merged with the cold conveyor belt circulating around the storm. An unstable temperature profile in the lowest kilometre over Cardington enabled damaging gusts of strong winds to be brought to the surface in convective plumes; however, this strong vertical mixing was not represented correctly in the UM. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Ab initio study on (CO2)nclusters via electrostatics‐ and molecular tailoring‐based algorithm
Authors: Jovan Jose K. V. , Gadre Shridhar R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn algorithm based on molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) and molecular tailoring approach (MTA) for building energetically favorable molecular clusters is presented. This algorithm is tested on prototype (CO2)nclusters withn= 13, 20, and 25 to explore their structure, energetics, and properties. The most stable clusters in this series are seen to show more number of triangular motifs. Many‐body energy decomposition analysis performed on the most stable clusters reveals that the 2‐body is the major contributor (>96%) to the total interaction energy. Vibrational frequencies and molecular electrostatic potentials are also evaluated for these large clusters through MTA. The MTA‐based MESPs of these clusters show a remarkably good agreement with the corresponding actual ones. The most intense MTA‐based normal mode frequencies are in fair agreement with the actual ones for smaller clusters. These calculated asymmetric stretching frequencies are blue‐shifted with reference to the CO2monomer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Theoretical investigations of the structure and bonding of several transition metal complexes to probe their carbon monoxide releasing properties
Authors: Pathak Biswarup , Majumdar D. , Leszczynski Jerzy 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe structural and bonding characteristics of several CO‐releasing molecules have been investigated using density functional theories. Based on the nature of the physiological buffer compositions used in experiments, several isodesmic reactions involving chloride (Cl−), hypophosphate (HPO), and nitrosyl (NO) ligands are set up to find out whether the ligand‐substituted products, which could have direct influence in CO releasing mechanism, are thermodynamically feasible. The isodesmic reactions involving the Cl− and HPO ligands are exothermic whereas it is endothermic with the NO ligand. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Effects of pulsed flows on nuisance periphyton growths in rivers: a mesocosm study
Authors: Flinders Camille A. , Hart David D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRivers regulated by dams are typically characterized by altered biotic communities and habitat structure in downstream reaches. In the Jackson River (Alleghany Co., VA), a relatively constant flow regime below Gathright Dam and anthropogenic nutrient loading have apparently contributed to nuisance levels of periphyton (>300 mg chlorophyll a m−2). These nuisance growths cause low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the water column and altered benthic habitats in the Jackson River. The use of periodic pulsed flows has been suggested as a restoration practice that could potentially reduce periphyton biomass. We investigated the effects of increased flow on periphyton chlorophyll a (chl a), ash‐free dry mass (AFDM), % organic matter (%OM) using streamside channels in which periphyton‐colonized tiles were subjected to near‐bed velocities ranging from 20 (control) to 240 cm s−1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression were used to examine periphyton responses to velocity treatments. There was a significant decrease in chl a and AFDM, and significant increase in %OM in velocity treatments of 150, 180 and 240 cm s−1 (p < 0.001), but not in lower velocity channels. Regression analyses showed a significant positive relationship with %OM (r2 = 0.88) and significant negative relationship with chl a (r2 = 0.77) and AFDM (r2 = 0.63). Algal taxa were dominated by Cladophora glomerata, Melosira varians and Pleurosira laevis. There was a significant positive relationship between treatment velocity and % C. glomerata (p = 0.007, r2 = 0.87) as diatoms were differentially removed with increasing treatment velocity. Our results demonstrate that pulsed flows can reduce periphyton standing crops in the Jackson River, but the discharge required to achieve this reduction would probably need to produce near‐bed velocities >100 cm s−1. Further study is needed to establish specific flow targets and evaluate the direct and indirect effects of pulsed flows on ecological conditions in the Jackson River. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peyronie's disease
Authors: Tsafrakidis Petros , Blake Chris , Pearcy Richard , Persad Raj 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPeyronie's disease is a benign lesion of the penis that leads to penile curvature and can have a serious impact on the sexually active male. The disease is currently treatable but not curable. The authors provide guidance on diagnosing the disease and describe the treatment options available. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Intrauterine contraception and cervical cancer screening
Authors: Arunakumari Parivakkam S. , Savage Philip E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWith increasing numbers of women using intrauterine contraception, there is a need for sound clinical guidelines for healthcare professionals involved in cervical cancer screening. The authors discuss issues in the management of contraceptive considerations in colposcopy clinics, family planning and sexual health clinics, and primary care consultations. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Early warning signals of demographic regime shifts in invading populations
Authors: Takimoto Gaku 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Allee effect can cause alternative stable states in population abundance of invasive species. Sudden eruption of invading populations from low to high abundance may be viewed as a regime shift from one alternative state to another. Previous research proposed several types of early warning signals to predict regime shifts in ecological systems such as polluted lakes and semiarid grasslands. This paper explores theoretically the potential of such indicators in predicting demographic regime shifts of invading populations. I analyzed a stochastic differential equation model for the population dynamics of an invasive species subject to Allee effects and propagule pressure. Diffusion approximation to the stochastic model suggests that persistent propagule pressure makes demographic regime shifts inevitable, but Allee effects can lengthen the mean time until regime shifts virtually indefinitely. To compare the potential of indicators, I examined standard deviation, skewness, and estimated return rates of longitudinal population abundance. I found that standard deviation showed a distinct increase as regime shifts became more likely, but skewness and return rates showed no clear trends. This result suggests that standard deviation might be a useful warning signal for forecasting an impending demographic regime shift of invading populations during the period when their abundance is still low.
Very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: The effects of accidental fat loading in a patient detected through newborn screening
Authors: Ficicioglu C. , Hussa C. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryVery long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of fatty acid oxidation. The majority of patients with VLCADD can be detected through newborn screening (NBS) with elevated levels of the tetradecanoyl carnitine species. An 11‐month‐old infant, diagnosed with late‐onset VLCADD (genotype: T848C/G1322A) through newborn screening at birth, was admitted with emesis, severe lethargy, limpness in extremities, loss of muscle tone and an elevated CK level. He was mistakenly given Ketocal formula (about 8 g/kg per day long‐chain fat—over six times his usual intake) instead of his usual Monogen formula for 2.5 days before being admitted. Once admitted, he was started on Monogen and IV (10% dextrose) fluids. He was discharged home after four days in the hospital without any sequelae of this accidental fat loading event. The report highlights several important points about this particular case and more generally about patients with VLCADD detected through NBS: (1) the amount of time in which patients might become severely symptomatic and the nature of these symptoms after fat loading; (2) the time frame for complete recovery after beginning of treatment; (3) the importance of alerting home‐care companies and families about formula delivery errors and their repercussions.
Nighttime sleep and daytime functioning correlates of the insomnia complaint in young adults
Authors: Fernández‐Mendoza Julio , Vela‐Bueno Antonio , Vgontzas Alexandros N. , Olavarrieta‐Bernardino Sara , Ramos‐Platón María José , Bixler Edward O. , De la Cruz‐Troca Juan José 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe nighttime and daytime correlates of the insomnia complaint (IC) were assessed in an in‐class survey on a sample of 1238 first year university students (18.85 ± 1.45 years) at the Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Spain. Evidence was found that the likelihood of complaining of insomnia was increased by perceiving difficulties with initiating and maintaining sleep, reporting low quality of nocturnal sleep, having a long sleep onset latency and having an evening circadian preference. The most strongly related daytime variables to IC being perceived difficulties in concentrating, feelings of irritability and fatigue, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The data, in addition to confirm those of clinical studies on subjects complaining of insomnia, suggest that having an evening chronotype increases the vulnerability of adolescents and young adults to complain of insomnia.
Histopathological changes of rat larynx mucosa with exposure to chronic thinner inhalation
Authors: Bolukbasi Seyla , Habesoglu Tulay Erden , Habesoglu Mehmet , Samanci Baver , Erol Yesim , Gumrukcu Gulistan , Egeli Erol 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveHistopathological changes in nasal mucosa, trachea, and pulmonary system with exposure to chronic thinner inhalation have been studied in the literature. However, the possible changes in larynx mucosa, which is a part of the upper airway tract, have not been studied yet. The aim of this study is to determine the histopathological changes of rat larynx mucosa with exposure to chronic thinner inhalation.Study Design and SettingRandomized trial. The study was conducted at the animal care facility of Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital.Subjects and MethodsFifty‐one Sprague‐Dawley rats were used throughout the experiment. Four groups of rats inhaled thinner in a glass cage for 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks respectively. Seven rats inhaled only the air in the room as the control group.ResultsThe comparison of inflammation and exocytosis in the control and 2 week groups revealed no significant difference (P > 0.05), but from the beginning of 4 weeks of thinner inhalation, statistically significant differences were observed (P < 0.05). From the beginning of 8 weeks of thinner inhalation, statistically significant differences were observed in larynx mucosa when we assessed metaplasia and cilia loss distribution among groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionOn the basis of histopathological evaluations, it was shown that the harmful effect of inhalation of thinner in high concentrations to larynx mucosa is similar to the effect on other organs of the respiratory system.
Effect of preoperative hearing level on success of stapes surgery
Authors: Caylakli Fatma , Yavuz Haluk , Yilmazer Cuneyt , Yilmaz Ismail , Ozluoglu Levent N. 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveWe evaluated functional results after stapedotomy in terms of the influence of preoperative hearing threshold.Study DesignCase series and chart review.Subjects and MethodsWe classified 141 patients according to preoperative mean air‐conduction threshold: 40 to 54 dB, group 1; 55 to 69 dB, group 2; and 70 to 89 dB, group 3. Speech discrimination scores also were noted.ResultsAll groups showed significant improvement. The greatest increase in postoperative speech discrimination score was seen in group 3. Group 1 improved from moderate hearing loss (mean, 49 dB) to normal (mean, 24 dB); group 2, from moderately severe loss (mean, 61.2 dB) to mild (mean, 28 dB); and group 3, from severe loss (mean, 76.4 dB) to moderate (mean, 41.1 dB).ConclusionSuccess in treating otosclerosis does not depend on extent of preoperative hearing loss. Patients with severe loss improved to moderate, increasing the benefit from use of a hearing aid. The patients attained good auditory function, improving their quality of life.
Identifying paleorifts as promising tectonic elements for active oil and gas generation
Authors: Starosel’tsev V.S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The set of geological and geophysical features used to recognize paleorifts is not always complete. As a result, other negative tectonic elements having no favorable conditions for oil and gas generation may be misinterpreted as rifts. The aim of this study was to outline most important controversial aspects in distinguishing paleorift positions and to substantiate the necessity of taking into account a certain combination of their diagnostic features.
Note on the Inheritance of Horns and Face Colour in Sheep.
Authors: Wood T. B. 
Published: March 2009

The following short note gives the preliminary results of an experiment which I have commenced on a small scale on my father's farm at Field Dalling, near Holt, in Norfolk.The object of the experiment is to follow out the inheritance of various characters in sheep. In the autumn of 1903 my father placed at my disposal 30 of his Suffolk ewes. Suffolk sheep of both sexes are characterised by black faces and the absence of horns. I determined to cross them with a Dorset ram, Dorsets having in both sexes white faces and large horns. For the present, characters other than horns and face-colour are neglected.
Citrate Solubility of Phosphoric Acid in Fertilizers
Authors: Dixon John K. S. 
Published: March 2009

With such conflicting results it is difficult to draw definite conclusions. The data are not put forward with that object, but it was felt that there is sufficient interest in the figures themselves to warrant publication. This communication is intended as an interim report on investigations which will be continued as time and occasion permit. However, the general features most worthy of note are as follows:—(1) The order of the solvent power of the three solutions of each of the two classes remains the same throughout. In the citrate solutions the order is (descending), (1) neutral, (2) acid, (3) alkaline solution, with only two exceptions, viz., the raw bone meals No. 7 and No. 9, discussed under Table III.With the free acid the solubilities are in the order of the strength of solution without exception.
The Influence of Time of Cutting upon the Yield and Composition of Hay
Authors: Crowther Charles , Ruston Arthur G. 
Published: March 2009

The study of two years' hay crops indicates that the composition of the hay steadily changes throughout the period commonly covered by the hay-making season.The nature of the change depends to some extent upon the character of the season. In the summer of 1909 when the climatic conditions favoured steady growth there was a steady production of protein and fibre and a considerable assimilation of ash ingredients, notably silica. In the following summer the effects of a severe climatic set-back in the later part of June was seen in an almost complete suspension of growth, and notably in the production of protein.In both seasons there was a steady fall all round in the digestibility of the hay, which in the end more than counterbalanced the increase in weight of the crop.In both seasons the best results were obtained by cutting about the beginning of July. A fair amount of latitude in the time of cutting —say, a week or 10 days—may be allowed, however, without very seriously impairing the nutritive value of the crop. There was evidence, nevertheless, in each year of appreciable deterioration after the middle of July.
“Quality” in Wool
Authors: Bailey P. G. , Engledow F. L. 
Published: March 2009

(1) The method of taking four sub-samples and making in all 160 measurements of these sub-samples gives a satisfactory value for the average diameter of the sample.(2) The average of the samples from each shoulder gives a good indication of the shoulder for each sheep.(3) In comparing two sheep A and B we may take as almost certainly significant a difference between their two average shoulder diameters such that the ratiothat is a difference of some 8% of the average shoulder diameter of either of them for measurements taken as here indicated.
Pasture Problems: Drought Resistance
Authors: Stapledon R. G. 
Published: March 2009

The following brief summary may be given on the aetiology of drought resistance as exemplified by the conditions obtaining in 1911.From an agricultural point of view the value of a plant as a drought-resister is seen to be measurable by two standards: (1) Its power to give a good yield all through the period of drought; (2) its ability through living through the summer without materially adding bulk to the herbage to recuperate when the conditions become less severe. It has been shown that the phenomenon of drought-resistance is not associated with any one set of morphological characters, but that various growth forms are met with amongst the most successful plants. Further, a number of plants have shown themselves very tolerant, although having no apparent modifications to assist them, in which case there can be no doubt that their power of resistance is a simple outcome of their inherent vitality. Consequently it is perhaps dangerous to assign too great an importance to the possession of apparently useful modifications. A fair correlation is however seen to exist between a plant's manner of resistance and its growth form, as the following classification shows.