bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer detection and biopsy classification using concurrent histopathological and metabolomic analysis of core biopsies
Authors: Brown Meredith V , McDunn Jonathan E , Gunst Philip R , Smith Elizabeth M , Milburn Michael V , Troyer Dean A , Lawton Kay A 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Background
Metabolomics, the non-targeted interrogation of small molecules in a biological sample, is an ideal technology for identifying diagnostic biomarkers. Current tissue extraction protocols involve sample destruction, precluding additional uses of the tissue. This is particularly problematic for high value samples with limited availability, such as clinical tumor biopsies that require structural preservation to histologically diagnose and gauge cancer aggressiveness. To overcome this limitation and increase the amount of information obtained from patient biopsies, we developed and characterized a workflow to perform metabolomic analysis and histological evaluation on the same biopsy sample.

Methods
Biopsies of ten human tissues (muscle, adrenal gland, colon, lung, pancreas, small intestine, spleen, stomach, prostate, kidney) were placed directly in a methanol solution to recover metabolites, precipitate proteins, and fix tissue. Following incubation, biopsies were removed from the solution and processed for histology. Kidney and prostate cancer tumor and benign biopsies were stained with hemotoxylin and eosin and prostate biopsies were subjected to PIN-4 immunohistochemistry. The methanolic extracts were analyzed for metabolites on GC/MS and LC/MS platforms. Raw mass spectrometry data files were automatically extracted using an informatics system that includes peak identification and metabolite identification software.

Results
Metabolites across all major biochemical classes (amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, cofactors, xenobiotics) were measured. The number (ranging from 260 in prostate to 340 in colon) and identity of metabolites were comparable to results obtained with the current method requiring 30 mg ground tissue. Comparing relative levels of metabolites, cancer tumor from benign kidney and prostate biopsies could be distinguished. Successful histopathological analysis of biopsies by chemical staining (hematoxylin, eosin) and antibody binding (PIN-4, in prostate) showed cellular architecture and immunoreactivity were retained.

Conclusions
Concurrent metabolite extraction and histological analysis of intact biopsies is amenable to the clinical workflow. Methanol fixation effectively preserves a wide range of tissues and is compatible with chemical staining and immunohistochemistry. The method offers an opportunity to augment histopathological diagnosis and tumor classification with quantitative measures of biochemicals in the same tissue sample. Since certain biochemicals have been shown to correlate with disease aggressiveness, this method should prove valuable as an adjunct to differentiate cancer aggressiveness.
Multi-platform characterization of the human cerebrospinal fluid metabolome: a comprehensive and quantitative update
Authors: Mandal Rupasri , Guo An Chi , Chaudhary Kruti K , Liu Philip , Yallou Faizath S , Dong Edison , Aziat Farid , Wishart David S 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Background
Human cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is known to be a rich source of small molecule biomarkers for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. In 2007, we conducted a comprehensive metabolomic study and performed a detailed literature review on metabolites that could be detected (via metabolomics or other techniques) in CSF. A total of 308 detectable metabolites were identified, of which only 23% were shown to be routinely identifiable or quantifiable with the metabolomics technologies available at that time. The continuing advancement in analytical technologies along with the growing interest in CSF metabolomics has led us to re-visit the human CSF metabolome and to re-assess both its size and the level of coverage than can be achieved with today's technologies.

Methods
We used five analytical platforms, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), direct flow injection-mass spectrometry (DFI-MS/MS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to perform quantitative metabolomics on multiple human CSF samples. This experimental work was complemented with an extensive literature review to acquire additional information on reported CSF compounds, their concentrations and their disease associations.

Results
NMR, GC-MS and LC-MS methods allowed the identification and quantification of 70 CSF metabolites (as previously reported). DFI-MS/MS allowed the quantification of 78 metabolites (6 acylcarnitines, 13 amino acids, hexose, 42 phosphatidylcholines, 2 lyso-phosphatidylcholines and 14 sphingolipids), while ICP-MS provided quantitative results for 33 metal ions in CSF. Literature analysis led to the identification of 57 more metabolites. In total, 476 compounds have now been confirmed to exist in human CSF.

Conclusions
The use of improved metabolomic and other analytical techniques has led to a 54% increase in the known size of the human CSF metabolome over the past 5 years. Commonly available metabolomic methods, when combined, can now routinely identify and quantify 36% of the 'detectable' human CSF metabolome. Our experimental works measured 78 new metabolites that, as per our knowledge, have not been reported to be present in human CSF. An updated CSF metabolome database containing the complete set of 476 human CSF compounds, their concentrations, related literature references and links to their known disease associations is freely available at the CSF metabolome database.
Audit Quality and Auditor Reputation: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Skinner Douglas J. , Srinivasan Suraj 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
We study events surrounding ChuoAoyama's failed audit of Kanebo, a large Japanese cosmetics company whose management engaged in a massive accounting fraud. ChuoAoyama was PwC's Japanese affiliate and one of Japan's largest audit firms. In May 2006, the Japanese Financial Services Agency (FSA) suspended ChuoAoyama for two months for its role in the Kanebo fraud. This unprecedented action followed a series of events that seriously damaged ChuoAoyama's reputation. We use these events to provide evidence on the importance of auditors' reputation for quality in a setting where litigation plays essentially no role. Around one quarter of ChuoAoyama's clients defected from the firm after its suspension, consistent with the importance of reputation. Larger firms and those with greater growth options were more likely to leave, also consistent with the reputation argument.
Data Availability: All data in the paper are publicly available from the sources described in the text.
Investigation of Friction Mechanisms of Siped Tire Tread Blocks on Snowy and Icy Surfaces
Authors: Ripka S. , Lind H. , Wangenheim M. , Wallaschek J. , Wiese K. , Wies B. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
REFERENCE: S. Ripka, H. Lind, M. Wangenheim, J. Wallaschek, K. Wiese, and B. Wies “Investigation of Friction Mechanisms of Siped Tire Tread Blocks on Snowy and Icy Surfaces,” Tire Science and Technology, TSTCA, Vol. 40, No. 1, January–March 2012, pp. 1–24.
ABSTRACT: Due to general safety reasons and an increasing individual demand on more traffic safety, winter tires have become more and more important. This evolution results in a rising requirement of the customers concerning the tire performance on the one hand, and the effort of the tire industry to improve the tire traction performance on snow and ice on the other hand. To engineer winter tires in an effective way, the friction influencing factors as well as the contact mechanics should be well known. Normally the design and development of tires is strongly based on vehicle tests, but in modern tire development processes the simulation as well as the experimental investigation of tires and tire components in the lab have become more popular. This strategy plays an especially important role for reducing the time of development cycles but also the development costs. With simulation and experiments in lab, new challenges come up which have to be solved. Lab experiments compete with totally different problems: First of all, the environmental influences like temperature and humidity have to be controlled. Furthermore, the test tracks used inside must be comparable to the proving ground outside, hence the properties of snow and ice have to be investigated in detail. Therefore not only is it very important to understand the formation of snow and ice, but also to find characteristics of both materials which can be identified and measured with mobile measurement devices outside on the test track and inside in the lab. Within this publication a general overview of the tire tread block test method as well as the test rig, which are used for identifying relevant tread block friction mechanisms on snow and ice, will be given. The results of the measurement will be shown and the acting friction phenomena will be explained.
Impact of an injury prevention program on teenagers' knowledge and attitudes: results of the Pense Bem–Caxias do Sul Project
Authors: Falavigna Asdrubal , Teles Alisson Roberto , Velho Maíra Cristina , Medeiros Gregory Saraiva , Canabarro Carolina Travi , de Braga Gustavo Lisbôa , Barazzetti Daniel Ongaratto , Vedana Viviane Maria , Kleber Fabrício Diniz 
Published: April 2012

Object
Trauma is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children, young people, and working-age adults. Because of the high incidence of intentional and unintentional injuries in young people, it is necessary to implement injury-prevention programs and measure the efficacy of these initiatives. The authors evaluated the effectiveness of an injury-prevention program in high school students in a city in southern Brazil.

Methods
In a randomized controlled study, 1049 high school students were divided into a control group and intervention group. The study was conducted in the following 3 stages: a questionnaire was applied 1 week before the educational intervention (P0), shortly after the intervention (P1), and 5 months later (P3). In the control group, a questionnaire based on the Pense Bem Project was applied at the 3 time stages, without any intervention between the stages.

Results
The postintervention analysis evidenced a slight change in knowledge about unintentional spinal cord and brain injuries. Regarding attitudes, the only significant improvement after the intervention lecture was in the use of helmets, which remained high 5 months later. A substantial number of students only partially agreed with using safety behaviors. The only significant postintervention change was the major agreement to check swimming pool depth before entering the water (P0 89% and P1 97.8%, p < 0.001; P2 92.8%, p = 0.005).

Conclusions
An educational intervention based on a single lecture improved students' knowledge of traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, but this type of intervention did not modify most attitudes toward injury prevention. Clinical trial registration no.: U1111-1121-0192.
Experience with a gravitational valve in the management of symptomatic overdrainage in children with shunts
Authors: Weinzierl Martin R. , Hans Franz-Josef , Stoffel Michael , Oertel Markus F. , Korinth Marcus C. 
Published: April 2012

Object
Symptomatic overdrainage in children with shunt-treated hydrocephalus represents one of the more difficult shunt-related diseases and may require repeated surgery. Gravity-assisted valve design has become a standard device to avoid overdrainage in many European pediatric hydrocephalus centers. However, the use of a gravitational valve for relieving symptoms associated with overdrainage has not yet been addressed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a gravitational valve in the treatment of symptomatic overdrainage in children with shunts.

Methods
Seventeen children with an adjustable shunt system and symptomatic overdrainage were treated by insertion of a gravitational valve. Clinical and radiological outcome were monitored for a minimum of 12 months after surgery.

Results
Implantation of a gravitational valve resulted in either resolution (n = 12) or improvement (n = 5) of the symptoms. In 1 patient, symptoms remained almost unchanged and the gravitational valve had to be upgraded, resulting in resolution of the symptoms. During follow-up, the pressure setting of the adjustable differential pressure valve had to be changed in 7 patients.

Conclusions
The gravitational valve was effective in improving symptomatic overdrainage in the majority of patients in the present study. Because the ideal pressure setting for a given patient is hard to determine a priori, adjustable valve systems appear to be beneficial.
Controlled hypotension and blood loss during frontoorbital advancement
Authors: Seruya Mitchel , Oh Albert K. , Rogers Gary F. , Boyajian Michael J. , Myseros John S. , Yaun Amanda L. , Keating Robert F. 
Published: April 2012

Object
Controlled hypotension is routinely used during open repair of craniosynostosis to decrease blood loss, although this benefit is unproven. In this study the authors analyzed the longitudinal relationships between intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) and calculated blood loss (CBL) during frontoorbital advancement (FOA) for craniosynostosis.

Methods
The authors reviewed the records of infants with craniosynostosis who had undergone primary FOA between 1997 and 2009. Anesthesia records provided preoperative and serial intraoperative MAP. Interval measures of CBL had been determined during the course of the operation. The longitudinal relationships between MAPmean, MAPchange, and CBLchange were assessed over the same time interval and compared between adjacent time intervals to determine the directionality of associations.

Results
Ninety infants (44 males and 46 females) underwent FOA at a mean age and weight of 10.7 ± 12.9 months and 9.0 ± 7.0 kg, respectively. The average intraoperative MAP was 56.1 ± 4.8 mm Hg, 22.6 ± 12.1% lower than preoperative baseline. A negative correlation was found between CBLchange and MAPmean over the same interval (r = −0.31, p < 0.05), and an inverse relationship was noted between CBLchange of the previous interval and MAPchange of the next interval (r = −0.07, p < 0.05). Finally, there was no significant association between MAPchange of the previous interval and CBLchange of the next interval.

Conclusions
Calculated blood loss demonstrated a negative correlation with MAP during FOA. Directionality testing indicated that MAP did not affect intraoperative blood loss; instead, blood loss drove changes in MAP. Overall, these findings challenge the benefit of controlled hypotension during open craniofacial repair.
Online gaming as sociable media
Authors: Thorne Steven L. , Fischer Ingrid 
Published: April 2012

Over much of the world, contemporary communicative practices are mediated by a wide range of digital technologies that support speech, image, video, and of course textual literacies. In dialectic tension with the rapid growth in digital information and communication media, Internet information and communication technologies have amplified conventional communicative practices in terms of breadth, impact and speed and have also enabled the emergence of new communicative, cultural and cognitive practices. These practices form dynamic cultures-of-use – that is, communication tools and the human activities they mediate co-evolve (Thorne, 2003). This article begins with a review of contradictory appraisals of digital media. This is followed by a discussion of the social and semiotic contexts comprising the widely played massively multiplayer online game World of Warcraft, with a view toward better understanding its usefulness as a setting for language use and learning. This game environment is explored using three forms of evidence, (1) unsolicited reports from players appearing in player-to-player online discussion forums, (2) elicited descriptions of players' experience provided through questionnaires distributed to Dutch and American gamers, and (3) a formal assessment of the linguistic complexity of high frequency game-presented and player-generated texts. By way of conclusion, we elaborate on the necessity of an "open source epistemology" (Lankshear & Knobel, 2006) and a critical language awareness approach to developing and acknowledging a diversity of communicative practices, all of which are aimed at expanding the goals, and outcomes, of instructed L2 education.
De l'attrait des médias sociaux pour l'apprentissage des langues – Regard sur l'état de l'art
Authors: Zourou Katerina 
Published: April 2012

Ce texte dresse l'arrière-plan contextuel et notionnel des articles retenus pour le numéro spécial "Médias sociaux et apprentissage des langues : (r)évolution ?". Il commence par une définition d'un certain nombre de termes qui dominent le discours actuel comme "médias sociaux", "web 2.0", "web social", "sites de réseautage social" et "communautés web 2.0 d'apprentissage des langues". L'objectif n'est pas de "réinventer la roue" en suggérant de nouvelles définitions mais de synthétiser les définitions dominantes et de les confronter à des concepts proches de la littérature du domaine de l'Alao. Sont ensuite discutés trois aspects clés des technologies du web 2.0 (participation de l'utilisateur, ouverture et effets de réseautage). Ces trois caractéristiques étaient, certes, déjà présentes avec les technologies qui ont précédé les médias sociaux, nous examinons donc en quoi elles prennent, ou non, un sens radicalement différent à l'ère des médias sociaux. Un certain nombre de pistes de recherche sont discutées dans la dernière partie du texte.
Development of Optimum Well Control Practices Using Artificial Bayesian Intelligence
Authors: Al-yami Abdullah Saleh , Schubert Jerome 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Many well control incidents have been analyzed, resulting in the optimumpractices, as outlined in this paper. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no systematic guidelines for well control practices. The objective ofthis paper is to propose a set of guidelines for the optimal well controloperations, by integrating current best practices through a decision-makingsystem based on Artificial Bayesian Intelligence. Best well control practicescollected from data, models, and experts' opinions, are integrated into aBayesian Network BN to simulate likely scenarios of its use that will honorefficient practices when dictated by varying operation, kick details, and kick severity.
The proposed decision-making model follows a causal and an uncertainty-basedapproach capable of simulating realistic conditions on the use of well controloperations. For instance, as the user vary the operation, rig and crewcapabilities, kick details (such as slim hole, deviated or horizontal well), the system will show the optimum practices for circulation method.
Well control experts' opinions were considered in building up the model in thispaper. The advantage of the artificial Bayesian intelligence method is that itcan be updated easily when dealing with different opinions. The outcome of thispaper is user-friendly software, where you can easily find the specific subjectof interest, and by the click of a button, get the related information you areseeking.

Introduction
The purpose of development of well control procedure is to prevent catastrophesthat could result from blowouts. The objective of this paper is to propose amodel to serve as a training tool. The development of up to date source ofproper well control practices is a challenging task. Using current methods offlow charts in decision making does not allow enough room for different orchanging well control practices to be included.
The design of optimum well control practises depends mainly on previousexperience and knowledge to successfully complete with a degree of confidence. Effective communication is also an important factor for successful well controloperations. Good coordination is required between the engineer, the servicecompany and the rig foreman. Knowledge transfer in well control operations istherefore fundamental for the optimal design of the job.
Field experiences are required for well control specialists to select optimumpractices. In some instances, well control operation failures can occur becauseof the lack of knowledge or lack of knowledge transfer.
There are different methods that companies have approached to make guidelinesfor their engineers to save on operations cost and time. However, these methodscan not be used by other companies or experts with different opinions or withdifferent field conditions.
Al-Yami et al. (2010) were the first to propose a systematic approach to buildexpert systems that can be used in optimum selection and execution ofsuccessful cementing operations using Artificial Bayesian Intelligence.
Guidelines for Optimum Underbalanced Drilling Practices Using Artificial Bayesian Intelligence
Authors: Al-yami Abdullah Saleh , Schubert Jerome 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Many underbalanced drilling operations have been analyzed, resulting in theoptimum practices, as outlined in this paper. To the best of the authors'knowledge, there are no systematic guidelines for underbalanced drilling.
The objective of this paper is to propose a set of guidelines for the optimalunderbalanced drilling operations, by integrating current best practicesthrough a decision-making system based on Artificial Bayesian Intelligence. Optimum underbalanced drilling practices collected from data, models, andexperts' opinions, are integrated into a Bayesian Network BN to simulate likelyscenarios of its use that will honor efficient practices when dictated byvarying certain parameters suchas formation pressure and operation. Theproposed decision-making model follows a causal and an uncertainty-basedapproach capable of simulating realistic conditions on the use of underbalanceddrilling operations. For instance, by varying the type of UBD (flow, aerated, etc), operation and formation properties the system will show optimum trippingand connection procedure.
The developed model also acknowledged UBD drilling techniques in differentscenarios such as fractured formations, low permeability and high permeabilityformations. The model also shows optimum solutions to problems related tounderbalance drilling such as well control, completion, equipment associatedwith drilling.
Experts' opinions were considered in building up the model in this paper. Theadvantage of the artificial Bayesian intelligence method is that it can beupdated easily when dealing with different opinions. The outcome of this paperis user-friendly software, where you can easily find the specific subject ofinterest, and by the click of a button, get the related information you areseeking.

Introduction
The design of optimum underbalanced drilling operations depends mainly onprevious experience and knowledge to successfully complete with a degree ofconfidence. Effective communication is also an important factor for successfuloperations. Good coordination is required between the engineer, the servicecompany and the rig foreman. Knowledge transfer in underbalanced drillingoperations is therefore fundamental for the optimal design of the job.
Long field experience is required for underbalanced drilling specialists toselect optimum practices. In some instances, operation failures can occurbecause of the lack of knowledge or lack of knowledge transfer.
There are different methods that companies have approached to make guidelinesfor their engineers to save on operations cost and time. However, these methodscan not be used by other companies or experts with different opinions or withdifferent field conditions.
Al-Yami et al. (2010) were the first to propose a systematic approach to buildexpert systems that can be used in optimum selection and execution ofsuccessful cementing operations using Artificial Bayesian Intelligence.