bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Characterization and Adsorption Mechanism of Cu(II) onto Protonated Rubber Leaf Powder
Authors: Hanafiah Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat , Ngah Wan Saime Wan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe adsorption of Cu(II) onto HCl treated rubber leaf powder (HHBL) was investigated in batch and column studies. The adsorbent was characterized by spectroscopic and quantitative analyses in order to understand the mechanism of copper adsorption. HHBL is mesoporous in nature as indicated by Bruneuer, Emmett and Teller (BET) analysis, and has various kinds of functional groups such as Si‐OH, ROH, RCOOH, RCOO–, RNH2, C‐O‐C and aromatic rings as detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Copper adsorption was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The equilibrium process was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model, and a maximum adsorption capacity of 8.39 mg/g was recorded for the smallest adsorbent size (<180 μm). The two main adsorption mechanisms involved were ion exchange and complexation. The fixed bed column study demonstrated satisfactory applicability of HHBL in removing Cu(II) from aqueous solutions.
B7‐1/2, but not PD‐L1/2 molecules, are required on IL‐10‐treated tolerogenic DC and DC‐derived exosomes for in vivo function
Authors: Ruffner Melanie A. , Kim Seon Hee , Bianco Nicole R. , Francisco Loise M. , Sharpe Arlene H. , Robbins Paul D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCostimulatory molecules, such as B7‐1/2 and PD‐L1/2 play an important role in the function of APC. The regulation of the surface levels of costimulatory molecules is one mechanism by which APC maintain the balance between tolerance and immunity. We examined the contributions of B7‐1/2 and PD‐L1/2 to the function of IL‐10‐treated, immunosuppressive DC as well as therapeutic exosomes derived from these DC. IL‐10 treatment of DC significantly downregulated surface expression of MHC II, B7‐1, B7‐2, and decreased levels of MHC I and PD‐L2. IL‐10 treatment of DC resulted in a modified costimulatory profile of DC‐secreted exosomes with a reduction in B7‐1, PD‐L1 and PD‐L2. We further demonstrate that absence of B7‐1 or B7‐2 on donor DC results in a loss of ability of IL‐10‐treated DC and their exosomes to suppress the delayed‐type hypersensitivity response, whereas IL‐10‐treated DC deficient in PD‐L1/2 as well as their secreted exosomes retained the ability to suppress delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses. We conclude that B7‐1 and B7‐2, but not PD‐L1 and PD‐L2, on IL‐10‐treated DC and DC‐derived exosomes play a critical role in immunosuppressive functions of both DC and exosomes.
Highly Selective Electrophile‐Induced Cascade Reactions between o‐Alkynylbenzaldehydes and Styrene Oxides Leading to the Formation of 1‐Naphthyl Ketones
Authors: Patil Nitin T. , Konala Ashok , Singh Vipender , Reddy Vaddu V. N. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAn efficient method for the synthesis of naphthalene derivatives through reaction of o‐alkynylbenzaldehydes and styrene oxides in the presence of molecular iodine was developed. The reaction involves Meinwald rearrangement of styrene oxides to form the corresponding aryl acetaldehydes. The enol forms of aryl acetaldehydes might undergo [4+2] benzannulation reactions with iodinated benzopyrilium ions, formed in situ from o‐alkynylbenzaldehydes and iodine, to afford 1‐naphthyl ketones. The reaction was found to be highly selective, and of two possible products, only one was formed. Mechanistic aspects are discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A determination of submicromolar concentrations of glycine in periaqueductal gray matter microdialyzates using capillary zone electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Tůma Petr , Soukupová Marie , Samcová Eva , Štulík Karel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCE with contactless conductivity detection has been used to determine the glycine neurotransmitter in periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) of rats. The LOD for glycine has been decreased to a value of 0.2 μM by adding 75% v/v of ACN to the samples and increasing the sample zone introduced to a value of 20% of the overall capillary length. The repeatabilities of the analyte migration times and the zone areas amount to 2.1 and 2.7%, respectively. The optimized CE/contactless conductivity detection method makes it possible to determine the micromolar concentrations of glycine in PAG microdialyzates without the necessity of sample derivatization. It follows from a pharmacological study that a local inflammation initiated by an application of carrageenan increased the glycine concentration in the rat PAG seven times, compared with a control. The glycine level in PAG can be decreased and the pain suppressed by administering paracetamol.
Torsional balance as new design criterion for asymmetric structures with energy dissipation devices
Authors: Almazán José L. , de la Llera Juan C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLateral–torsional coupling in asymmetric‐plan buildings leads to correlated translations and rotations of the building plan, which generate uneven distributions of deformation demand among resisting planes. The deformation demand of a resisting plane depends on the relative magnitude of the plan translation and rotation and on the correlation between the two signals. Thus, small rotations highly correlated with building translation may lead to significantly different deformations of the resisting planes at the building edges. Consequently, the use of supplemental dampers is intended not only to reduce the magnitude of the plan translation and rotation, but also the correlation between these motions. For the sake of simplicity, linear viscous dampers are used in this investigation, which properly located in plan lead to a minimum response of the geometric center, thus achieving the same mean‐square value of the displacements at the building edges. Mathematically, this condition may be understood as creating zero correlation between the translations and rotation at the geometric center of the plan, which represents an uncoupling in the mean‐square sense. Results show that the optimal damper location depends on the static eccentricity and frequency ratio of the bare structure, the total amount of supplemental damping considered, and the frequency content of the excitation. Through a final 6‐story model example, the torsional balance concept is demonstrated to work on multistory buildings subjected to bidirectional ground motions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPV‐positive/p16‐positive/EBV‐negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma in white North Americans
Authors: Maxwell Jessica H. , Kumar Bhavna , Feng Felix Y. , McHugh Jonathan B. , Cordell Kitrina G. , Eisbruch Avraham , Worden Francis P. , Wolf Gregory T. , Prince Mark E. , Moyer Jeffrey S. , Teknos Theodoros N. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Stoerker Jay , Walline Heather , Carey Thomas E. , Bradford Carol R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) has been detected in keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs); however, the relationship between HPV and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) among whites with nonkeratinizing NPCs remains unclear. The HPV, p16, and EBV status was examined in current University of Michigan patients with NPC.MethodsFrom 2003 to 2007, 89 patients, 84 with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and 5 with NPC, were enrolled in an organ‐sparing trial. Biopsy tissues from all 89 patients were evaluated for HPV and p16 expression. A separate HPV analysis of the 84 OPC patients is in progress. Among the patients with NPC, tumor tissue was also analyzed for EBV‐encoded RNA (EBER).ResultsFive of 89 patients (5.6%) had NPC, all with nonkeratinizing histology. The 4 white patients with NPC were HPV(+) (subtype‐16, subtype‐18 [2 patients], and subtype‐59)/p16(+)/EBER(‐). One Asian patient with NPC had an HPV(‐)/p16(‐)/EBER(+) NPC tumor that developed distant metastases.ConclusionWe postulate that HPV may be the etiologic factor in some EBV‐negative, nonkeratinizing NPCs among whites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Mixing processes in the Amazon River at the confluences of the Negro and Solimões Rivers, Encontro das Águas, Manaus, Brazil
Authors: Laraque Alain , Guyot Jean Loup , Filizola Naziano 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe confluence of the rivers Negro and Solimões gives birth to the Amazon River near Manaus (Brazil). At their confluence, these two rivers with their very different physical and geochemical characteristics provide an interesting example of the mixing of waters along a reach of approximately one‐hundred kilometres. The purpose of this article is to describe and explain the spatial configuration of the Solimões–Negro Rivers mixing zone, based on a systematic sampling survey carried out in September 1997, using a special sampler and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler). The waters of the Negro River differ from those of the Solimões River in their lower velocity (0·3 vs 1 m s−1), conductivity (8 vs 80 µS cm−1 at 25 °C), turbidity (5 vs 80 NTU), pH (5·5 vs 7·0) and higher temperatures (by 1 °C). Due to their higher density, the waters of the Solimões River slide under those of the Negro River, and consequently, Negro River waters are located at the surface, close to the left bank, and Solimões River waters are located at the bottom, close to the right bank. The contact between the waters of the two rivers changes from a clearly defined vertical boundary to a diffuse horizontal boundary, as they move downstream. The complete mixing process takes more than 30 h and 100 km. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diminished groundwater recharge and circulation relative to degrading riparian vegetation in the middle Tarim River, Xinjiang Uygur, Western China
Authors: Pang Zhonghe , Huang Tianming , Chen Yaning 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRiparian vegetation in the middle Tarim River is being degenerated, and groundwater in the riparian system is a key factor controlling this process. Vegetation degeneration is related to the reduced inflow from the upstream, reduced recharge to riparian groundwater, lowered water table and increased salinity of the groundwater system. Systematic chemical and isotopic sampling of river water and groundwater transects perpendicular to the river show that riparian groundwater is fed by the river. River water picks up salts from the river bed and/or from irrigation returns as it flows downstream, and groundwater from riverbank sediments mirror this pattern. Mineral dissolution and evapotranspiration are the main mechanisms of salt accumulation in groundwater. Reduced recharge from the river has resulted in a distinctive zoning pattern in groundwater salinity. Groundwater residence times derived from tritium contents indicate that the extent of modern recharge (since the 1960s) is limited to approximately 1500 m from the riverbank in the middle reaches of the Tarim River. Vegetation grows better in habitats with modern groundwater than in other areas. The embankment built in 2001 along one side of the Tarim River appears to have reduced groundwater recharge, causing the water table to drop and ecosystem to degenerate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What the eyes already ‘know’: using eye movement measurement to tap into children's implicit numerical magnitude representations
Authors: Heine Angela , Thaler Verena , Tamm Sascha , Hawelka Stefan , Schneider Michael , Torbeyns Joke , De Smedt Bert , Verschaffel Lieven , Stern Elsbeth , Jacobs Arthur M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTo date, a number of studies have demonstrated the existence of mismatches between children'simplicitandexplicitknowledge at certain points in development that become manifest by their gestures and gaze orientation in different problem solving contexts. Stimulated by this research, we used eye movement measurement to investigate the development of basic knowledge about numerical magnitude in primary school children. Sixty‐six children from grades one to three (i.e. 6–9 years) were presented with two parallel versions of a number line estimation task of which one was restricted to behavioural measures, whereas the other included the recording of eye movement data. The results of the eye movement experiment indicate a quantitative increase as well as a qualitative change in children's implicit knowledge about numerical magnitudes in this age group that precedes the overt, that is, behavioural, demonstration of explicit numerical knowledge. The finding that children's eye movements reveal substantially more about the presence of implicit precursors of later explicit knowledge in the numerical domain than classical approaches suggests further exploration of eye movement measurement as a potential early assessment tool of individual achievement levels in numerical processing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic fate of ultratrace levels of GeCl4 in the rat and in vitro studies on its basal cytotoxicity and carcinogenic potential in Balb/3T3 and HaCaT cell lines†
Authors: Sabbioni E. , Fortaner S. , Bosisio S. , Farina M. , Del Torchio R. , Edel J. , Fischbach M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe use of germanium (Ge) and the possibility of exposure to trace and ultratrace amounts of this element is increasing. Germanium is widely used in the industrial field as a semiconductor and also as a dietary supplement, an elixir to ‘promote health and cure disease’ (e.g. cancer and AIDS). More recently, germanium nanoparticles, ranging in size from 60 to 80 nm, have been developed as a potential spleen imaging agent. Like other metal‐based nanoparticles used in nanomedicine, Ge nanoparticles may release trace and ultratrace amounts of Ge ions when injected. The metabolic fate and toxicity of these ions still needs to be evaluated. In this study the metabolic fate of a cationic tetravalent Ge species was studied in vivo by injecting rats i.p. with ultratrace amounts of Ge (80 ng kg−1) as [68Ge]GeCl4. The cytotoxicity and carcinogenic potential was assessed in vitro using immortalised human skin keratinocytes and mouse fibroblasts (HaCaT and Balb/c 3T3 cell lines, respectively). At 24 h post‐exposure Ge was poorly retained in rat tissues (kidney, liver, intestine, femur, spleen and the heart were the organs with the highest Ge concentration). In the blood, Ge was rapidly cleared, being almost equally distributed between plasma and red blood cells. The excretion was mainly via the urine. The hepatic and renal intracellular distribution showed the highest recovery of Ge in the cytosol and the nuclear fractions. Chromatographic separation and ultrafiltration experiments on kidney and liver cytosols showed that the bulk of Ge was associated with low molecular weight components, representing a ‘mobile pool’ of the element in the body. However, a significant part of the element was able to interact with biological macromolecules which could be responsible for the presence of Ge in the liver and kidney after 7 days. The in vitro experiments confirmed the low degree of cytotoxicity of GeCl4 both in HaCaT and Balb/3T3. The latter model was more sensitive to the toxic effects induced by Ge as shown by a colony forming efficiency (CFE) greater than 70% at 700 µm of exposure. At the highest exposure concentration tested (700 µm) GeCl4 failed to induce morphological neoplastic transformation of the cells, suggesting for the first time that a cationic form of Ge ions has no carcinogenic potential. This supports the results of the only study reported in mice, treated orally long‐term to an anionic species of Ge such as sodium germanate (Kanisawa and Schroeder, 1967). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PPARα and PPARγ are co‐expressed, functional and show positive interactions in the rat urinary bladder urothelium
Authors: Egerod Frederikke Lihme , Brünner Nils , Svendsen Jette E. , Oleksiewicz Martin B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSome dual‐acting PPARα + γ agonists cause cancer in the rat urinary bladder, in some cases overrepresented in males, by a mechanism suggested to involve chronic stimulation of PPARα and PPARγ, i.e. exaggerated pharmacology. By western blotting, we found that the rat urinary bladder urothelium expressed PPARα at higher levels than the liver and heart, and comparable to kidney. Urothelial expression of PPARγ was above that of fat, heart, skeletal muscle and kidney. Male rats exhibited a higher PPARα/PPARγ expression balance in the bladder urothelium than did female rats. Rats were treated by gastric gavage with rosiglitazone (PPARγ agonist), fenofibrate (PPARα agonist) or a combination of rosiglitazone and fenofibrate for 7 days. In the urothelium, the transcription factor Egr‐1 was induced to significantly higher levels in rats co‐administered rosiglitazone and fenofibrate than in rats administered either rosiglitazone or fenofibrate alone. Egr‐1 was also induced in the heart and liver of rats treated with fenofibrate, but a positive interaction between rosiglitazone and fenofibrate with regards to Egr‐1 induction was only seen in the urothelium. Thus, in the rat urinary bladder urothelium, PPARα and PPARγ were expressed at high levels, were functional and exhibited positive interactions. Interestingly, fenofibrate induced the peroxisome membrane protein PMP70 not only in liver, but also in the bladder urothelium, opening the possibility that oxidative stress may contribute to rat urothelial carcinogenesis by dual‐acting PPARα + γ agonists. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental plasticity, modularity, and heterochrony during the phylotypic stage of the zebra fish, Danio rerio
Authors: Schmidt Kai , Starck J. Matthias 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe studied early embryonic development of zebra fish and tested if changes in the external raising conditions could elicit phenotypic changes during the phylotypic stage which, classically, is considered as a conserved embryonic stage. In particular, we tested for internal constraints, plasticity, and heterochrony during the early embryonic development. Our tested hypotheses predict (i) no change associated with developmental stability/internal constraints, (ii) change of the rate of development associated with developmental flexibility, and (iii) heterochronic disruption of developmental pattern associated with a modular organization of the embryo. We measured 14 traits of embryos raised in different conditions (temperature, salinity, oxygen concentration). The results of our study show that zebra fish embryos respond flexibly to changes in external parameters even during the conserved “phylotypic stage.” It also showed that internal constraints canalize early development when exposed to moderate external challenges. Hypoxic conditions, however, elicited a heterochronic delay of the onset of the development of the Anlagen of the eye and the otic vesicle from the remaining embryo. Therefore, we concluded that the eye and the otic vesicle are modules that may develop, to a certain degree, independently of the rest of the embryo. Because these modules become recognizable only under specific raising conditions, we suggest that the modularization acts as buffering mechanism against extreme developmental deviations. Our results provide support to the idea that modularity is present during the phylotypic stage, but it is not effective under normal conditions. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Ecol.) 314B:166–178, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the muscle gene transfer activity of a series of amphiphilic triblock copolymers
Authors: Alimi‐Guez Debborah , Leborgne Christian , Pembouong Gaelle , Van Wittenberghe Laetitia , Mignet Nathalie , Scherman Daniel , Kichler Antoine 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundAmphiphilic triblock copolymers such as the polyethylene oxide‐polypropylene oxide‐polyethylene oxide L64 (PEO13‐PPO30‐PEO13) significantly increase transgene expression after injection of DNA/polymer mixtures into skeletal muscles. To better understand the way such copolymers act, we studied the behaviour of different poloxamers, including L64, both in vitro and in vivo.MethodsThe in vitro and in vivo transfection activity of five copolymers that differ either by their molecular weight or by their hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance was evaluated. Furthermore, we also studied the membrane permeabilizing properties of the poloxamers.ResultsThe results obtained indicate that, after intramuscular administration of DNA/poloxamer formulations, all five compounds were able to significantly increase the expression levels of luciferase compared to an injection of naked DNA. Using a LacZ expression cassette, up to 30% of the muscle fibers expressed the reporter gene. Furthermore, we show that the effect can be obtained using different promoters. Finally, we document that, to some extent, all five poloxamers possess membrane permeabilizing properties.ConclusionsTaken together, the results obtained in the present study show that there is a large flexibility in terms of molecular weight and EO/PO ratio for obtaining increased levels of transgene expression in vivo. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pleural effusion associated with pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin treatment for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Arora Amit , Vargas Leonardo , Kuzniar Tomasz J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLung toxicity related to interferon (IFN) alpha typically takes a form of interstitial pneumonitis, granulomatous inflammation, or organizing pneumonia. We report a case of a 52‐year‐old woman, who developed pneumonitis with exudative, lymphocytic‐predominant pleural effusion following treatment with pegylated IFN alpha and ribavirin for hepatitis C. Her symptoms and lung findings resolved over 3 months of observation without corticosteroid therapy. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E45–E46. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.