bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recapture of dispersing bark beetle Ips typographus L. (Col., Scolytidae) in pheromone‐baited traps: regression models
Authors: Zolubas P. , Byers J. A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractParent (re‐emerged) spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus L., Col.; Scolytidae) beginning a second host‐seeking flight were collected in pheromone‐baited traps. These beetles were marked with fluorescent powder of different colors and released from a point source (9–16 June 1989) within a spruce, Picea abies L., forest (Jurbarkas forest district, Lithuania). Some of the marked beetles were recaptured with pheromone‐baited traps in two experiments: (1) traps at 10 m and (2) traps 30, 60, 90, and 120m distances from the release point. Of 5920 and 5030 beetles that took flight in the two experiments, average recapture rates were 5.64±1.17% (± SEM) on traps at 10 m distance, and 1.62 ± 0.21, 0.88 ± 0.23, 0.27 ± 0.08, and 0.03 ± 0.03% on traps at the respective distances from 30 to 120 m. Parameters of several regression models were fitted with the Simplex algorithm (SYSTAT statistical software) to recapture data. The best fitting models were those of power, and an exponential form. A discussion of the biological meaning of certain coefficients in the equations is presented with regard to bark beetle dispersal.
The effect of adult nutrition on the fecundity and longevity of the olive moth Prays oleae (Bern.)
Authors: McEwen P. K. , Liber H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMixed sex pairs of adult olive moths (Prays oleae Bern.) were given different diets in the laboratory and subsequent longevity and fecundity were recorded. Insects given a diet consisting of a 70% sucrose solution lived longer than those given a mixture of sugar, yeast autolysate and water in the ratios 4:7: 10, which in turn lived longer than those with access to water only. Due to their increased longevity, insects in the sugar treatment were able to produce more eggs in their lifetimes than those with access to water only. Mean daily oviposition rate was unaffected by diet.In the field, in comparison with fruits from untreated trees, more moth eggs were found on fruits taken from olive trees (Olea europea L.) that had been sprayed with sugar solutions, but this effect disappeared 3 weeks after spraying.
Sublethal effects of Avermectin B1, β‐Exotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis and Diflubenzuron against cotton leafworm (Lep., Noctuidae)
Authors: El‐Ghar G. E. S. Abo , Radwan H. S. A. , El‐Bermawy Z. A. , Zidan L. T. M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThuringiensin (β‐exotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis), abamectin (avermectin B1) and diflubenzuron were tested against susceptible and field strains of cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Fourth‐instar larvae were fed for 3 days on leaves treated with sublethal concentrations of each compound, and surviving larvae were allowed to complete their life on untreated leaves until pupation. Larval mortality was low until 5 days after initial treatment indicating slow activity for all tested compounds. Latent effects were observed in most treatments following larval transfer to untreated leaves. The field strain appeared to be more affected in most cases by all tested compounds than the susceptible strain. All compounds, especially abamectin, resulted in a pronounced decrease of pupation in both susceptible (16–26%) and field (9.4–36.0%) strains compared with the control (78.7 and 70.8%, respectively). Also, the mean weight of pupae was significantly decreased, especially in the field strain, as a result of abamectin and thuringiensin treatments compared to that in the control. Emergence of adults in the susceptible strain was highly affected by all treatments compared to that in the control. Furthermore, fecundity of moths in the field strain was highly reduced, especially in thuringiensin (65.3–89.0%) and abamectin (57.6–87.4%) treatments compared with that of control.
Ecological analyses of Nitidulidae: seasonal occurrence, host choice and habitat preference
Authors: Blackmer J. L. , Phelan P. L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTemporal, chemical and spatial separation of nitidulid beetles (Coleoptera) were examined with baited traps over two seasons (1989 and 1990) in temperate North America. In both years, Stelidota geminata (Say), Carpophilus lugubris Murray, Glischrochilus fasciatus (Olivier) and Glkischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say) comprised 95–99% of all nitidulid beetles collected. These species were collected in greatest numbers in July, except for C. lugubris, which was collected in high numbers in July and late September in 1990. Peaks in trap catch were preceded, in most cases, by high percentages of gravid females. Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) was the only nitidulid species that showed a significant preference for Candida krusei‐inoculated fruit and vegetable baits over aseptic baits in 1989. For three of the four dominant species, the response to baits was broad: C. lugubris was the only species that exhibited a specialized response to one substrate over the entire trapping period in both years. G. quadrisignatus showed a seasonal or local specialization to maize baits in the spring of 1989 and at two of the three locations in the spring of 1990. There was a clear division in habitat preference for the dominant species: C. lugubris and G. quadrisignatus occurred almost exclusively in agricultural settings, whereas G. fasciatus occurred predominantly in woodlots. Numbers of S. geminata fluctuated seasonally, showing a preference for woodlots early and late in the season and a preference for agricultural settings throughout most of the summer. Less common nitidulid species also displayed habitat preferences. Although the Nitidulidae have had a longer association with climax communities than with ruderal communities, the diversity of nitidulid beetles was similar in the two habitat types. This may be because many of the resources these beetles use for food and oviposition sites in climax communities are ephemeral and closely related to the resources that they use in ruderal communities (i.e. wild versus domesticated strawberries, wild versus domesticated cherries and hawthorn fruit versus apple).
Preliminary observations on the trunk attacks by Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Col., Scolytidae) on Yunnan pine in Kunming, China
Authors: Hui Ye , Longshu Li 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMass attack by the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.), on the trunks of living trees was a main cause of Yunnan pine forest damages in Kunming, China, from the 1970s to 1990s. The present study, based on analysis of egg galleries, proposed that mass attack was initiated with the establishment of a few primary invaders and intensified as the partners followed. The attacking beetles increased with time in the first part of a mass attack. Dispersion of the population on the trunk surface was started from the positions the primary invaders colonized and spread to nearby locations. The population was mainly distributed in the upper and middle of trunk, but revealed the highest density in the middle.
Effect of sesame (Sesamum indicum L) on nest development of Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (Hym., Formicidae)
Authors: Bueno O. C. , Hebling M. J. A. , Silva O. A. , Matenhauer A. M. C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe present study showed a strong deleterious effect on leaf‐cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa nests supplied exclusively with sesame (Sesamum indicum) leaves in the laboratory. Sesame leaves were initially attractive to workers and later became antifeedant. Eucaliptus alba and Hibiscus rosu‐sinensis leaves were used as control.
Inhibitory effect of thuringiensin and abamectin on digestive enzymes and non‐specific esterases of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lep., Noctuidae) larvae
Authors: El‐Ghar G. E. S. Abo , Radwan H. S. A. , El‐Bermawy Z. A. , Zidan L. T. M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe effect of abamectin (Avermectin B1) and thuringiensin (β‐exotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis) on the main digestive enzymes and non‐specific esterases in Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) larvae was determined. The fifth‐instar larvae were allowed to feed for only 24 h on leaves treated with sublethal concentrations of each compound, i.e. 5, 20 and 200 ppm through three successive generations, respectively. In enzyme assays, at F1‐generation, abamectin (5 ppm) caused a remarkable decrease in invertase, amylase and trehalase activities by 81, 76 and 54%, respectively, compared to those recorded in the control larvae at day 3 after treatment. The body weights of larvae fed on abamectin‐treated leaves (5 ppm), generally decreased continuously during feeding periods; this decrease was directly proportional to the lower enzymatic activity. At F3‐generation, abamectin (200 ppm) reduced amylase activity by 21 and 46% at 2‐and 3‐day feeding periods, respectively.Thuringiensin, at F1‐generation (5 ppm), also caused a pronounced decrease in digestive enzyme activities, especially amylase and invertase, at which maximum inhibition, about 77 and 76%, respectively, was reached 3 days after treatment. Feeding at concentration of 200 ppm (F3‐generation) also reduced amylase and trehalase activities by 53% after 2 days of treatment. In addition, abamectin at 5 ppm caused a reduction in the activities of both α‐esterases and β‐esterases by 28.30% and 58.66%, after 1‐day feeding on leaves treated with 5 ppm (F1‐generation) and 200 ppm (F3‐generation), respectively. The inhibitory effect of thuringiensin on the enzymatic activities of both α‐esterases and β‐esterases seemed to be less than that caused by abamectin.
Tall oil: enhancement of neem and azadirachtin toxicity to the variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia Hübner (Lep., Noctuidae)
Authors: Xie Y. S. , Isman M. B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPotentiation of the insecticidal activity of neem and its active principle, azadirachtin, by depitched tall oil was examined in experiments with the variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia Hübner. Contact toxicity of both neem and azadirachtin to P. saucia was enhanced more than 2 fold when formulated in combination with depitched tall oil, compared to that with the insecticides alone. Nutritional analyses of fourth instar larvae following topical application of neem or azadirachtin in combination with depitched tall oil demonstrated stronger inhibition in larval growth, diet consumption, and dietary utilization than when the test materials were administered alone. These results suggest that the oil enhances the bioavailability of azadirachtin to target tissues or receptors in the insect. Depitched tall oil also enhanced the antifeedant effect and residual action of neem and azadirachtin on cabbage plants to P. saucia larvae.
Ecological pest management (EPM): general approaches
Authors: Tshernyshev W. B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEcological pest management (EPM) uses many elements of integrated pest management (IPM) but it is based on keeping and supporting the natural stability of the agro‐ecosystem and suppressing pest outbreaks at the very beginning when the pest population density is still low. The stability of the agro‐ecosystem and high biodiversity may be achieved by certain combinations of different crops and lands with natural complexes of plants. If naturally beneficial insects cannot suppress the growth of the pest population density, artificially reared enemies of this pest should be used. The release in spring of artificially reared insects which eat weeds is supposed to be especially useful because these insects may also be a good food base for many predators and parasites. The biological method is supposed to be more effective when the density of the pest population is still low. The usage of chemical pesticides should be brought to a stop because they always decrease the ecosystem stability. EPM is proposed to replace IPM in future.
Patch time allocation and resource exploitation in aphid primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids searching simultaneously within aphid colonies
Authors: Völkl W. , Kranz P. , Weisser W. , Hübner G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe foraging behaviour of the aphidiid wasps Lysiphlebus cardui and Aphidius funebris was analysed when a single hyperparasitoid female (Alloxysta brevis, Alloxysta victrix or Dendrocerus carpenteri) was searching simultaneously in the same aphid colony. Patch residence times and oviposition numbers of L. cardui and A. funebris searching in colonies with hyperparasitoids were not significantly different from those for aphidiid females searching in colonies without hyperparasitoids. Furthermore, the oviposition rate after the first contact with a hyperparasitoid female did not differ significantly from the control, both in L. cardui and A. funebris. We conclude that the presence of hyperparasitoid females does not directly influence the foraging behaviour of the aphidiid females.
Ant (Hym., Formicidae) mosaic stability in Bahian cocoa plantations: implications for management
Authors: De Medeiros M. A. , Fowler H. G. , Bueno O. C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMapping and collection of ants in cocoa trees in a 1 ha plot in the south of Bahia, Brazil, revealed three dominant species of the ant mosaic: Wasmannia auropunctata, Ectatomma tuberculatum and Azteca chartifex spiriti. A. chartifex demonstrated a larger influence in the cocoa plantation due to its spatial and temporal (1 y) stability in the same cocoa trees, and its capacity for territorial expansion. The management of A. chartifex for controlling insect pests of cocoa is strongly recommended. Considerations of temporal permanence of mosaic dominant ants should be a necessary criteria for ant management in tropical tree crops.
Effects of constant and alternating temperatures on Trichogramma galloi Zucchi (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) biology. I. Development and thermal requirements
Authors: Cônsoli F. L. , Parra J. R. P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis work was carried out in order to study the effects of constant and alternating temperatures on the development and thermal requirements of Trichogramma galloi, the most common egg parasitoid of the sugarcane borer in Brazil. T. galloi developmental time was shorter when reared at alternating temperatures. The emergence rate of T. galloi decreased at constant 18°C, and the sexual ratio was affected only at 32°C. T. galloi degree‐days and threshold temperatures were similar when estimated using constant or alternating temperatures.RésuméEffects des temperatures constantes et alternées sur la biologie de Trichogramma galloi Zucci (Hym., Trichogrammatidae). I. Devellopment et exigences thermiquesCe travail a été réalisé pour étudier les effects des temperatures constantes et alternées sur le devellopment et les exigences thermiques de Trichogramma galloi, le plus commum parasitoïde oophage de la pyrale de la canne à sucre au Brésil. La durée de development la moins longue a été observé quand T. galloi a été élévé dans les temperatures alternées. Les taux d'emergence ont diminués dans la temperatures constante de 18°C, et sex‐ratio a été affecté seulement a 32°C. Pour T. galloi les dègrés/jour et les seuils thermiques ont été pareilles quand estimés avec l'utilisation des temperatures constantes ou alternées.
Potential use of pathogenic fungi in baits to control the Formosan subterranean termite (Isopt., Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Delate K. M. , Grace J. K. , Tome C. H. M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA laboratory choice test was developed to assess the efficacy and acceptability of sporulating strains of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin to foraging Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Filter paper disks were saturated with agar media and inoculated with either B. bassiana strain 787 or 3041, or M. anisopliae strain 346, 472 or 2162. Filter papers containing eight‐day‐old cultures were rolled into cylinders with the sporulating culture on the inside of the cylinder, and placed in one of two plastic jars, connected by a glass tube. Termites were placed in the other jar (refugia), and allowed to forage throughout both jars. This apparatus simulates the use of a fungal bait for subterranean termite control in the field. Termites did not avoid contact with the fungal baits, and fed upon the agar‐treated filter papers. Exposure to M. anisopliae strains 346 and 2162 resulted in rapid termite mortality while exposure to the B. bassiana strains caused slower, but escalating, mortality. Efficacy of the fungi was not affected by the degree of sterility of the termite tunnelling medium. Living cultures of entomopathogenic fungi hold promise for further development as baits for subterranean termite control.
Biologie und Parasitoidenkomplex der EichenminiermotteTischeria ekebladella(Bjerkander, 1795) (Lep., Tischeriidae) in Norddeutschland
Authors: Jordan T. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract:Life history and parasitoid community of the oak‐leaf‐mining mothTischeria ekebladella(Bjerkander, 1795) (Lep., Tischeriidae) in Northern Germany: The life history and parasitoid community of the oak‐leaf‐mining moth,Tischeria ekebladella, a pest of oak plantations in southern and eastern Europe, were studied in Northern Germany. Moths emerge in June, and eggs and larvae can be found from June onwards. The larvae form whitish‐yellow‐coloured blotch mines in oak leaves and feed until the beginning of November. They hibernate in a silken, cocoon‐like hibernaculum within the mine. Mine density was low throughout the study area, i.e. most sites showed less than 1% attack of leaves of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur).Two ichneumonids,Diadegma anurum(Campopleginae) andScambus annulatus(Pimplinae), and 10 chalcidoid‐wasp species (Eulophidae), were reared from host mines:Chrysocharis nautius(Entedontinae), a parasitoid ofTischeriaspecies in Europe, and some common leaf‐miner parasitoids, such as the polyphagous speciesPnigalio agraules, Pnigalio longulus(Eulophinae),Cirrospilus diallusandCirrospilus lyncus(Elachertinae).ZusammenfassungLebenszyklus und Parasitoidenkomplex der EichenminiermotteTischeria ekebladella.einem Forstschüdling in Eichenanpflanzungen in Süd‐ und Osteuropa. warden in Schleswig‐Holstein untersucht. Die Imagines schlüpfen im Frühjahr, Eier und Larven können von Juni an gefunden werden. Die Larven minieren in weißlich gelb gefärbten Blasenminen bis Anfang November in den Eichenblättern. Sie überwintern als Altlarve in einem linsenförmigen Hibernaculum in der Blattmine. Die Minendichte war im Untersuchungsgebiet niedrig, an den meisten Sammelplätzen waren weniger als 1 % der Stieleichenblätter befallen. Zwei Schlupfwespenarten,Diadegma anurum(Campopleginae) undScambus annulatus(Pimplinae) sowie 10 Erzwespenarten (Eulophidae) wurden aus den Wirtsminen gezüchtet, darunterChrysocharis nautius(Entedontinae), einem Parasitoiden verschiedener in Europa heimischerTischeriaArten, sowie polyphage Miniererparasitoiden, wiePnigalio agraules, Pnigalio longulus(Eulophinae),Cirrospilus diallusundCirrospilus lyncus(Elachertinae).
Impact des insectes sur les potentialités de régénération des Chênes (Quercus spp.) en France. I. Mise en évidence d'une action méconnue des curculionides phyllophages sur les organes reproducteurs avant la fécondation
Authors: Rougon C. , Roques A. , Rougon D. , Levieux J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract: Impact of insects on the regeneration potential of oaks in France. I. Action of phyllophagus Curculionidae (Coleoptera) on female flowers prior to fecundation: Insect damage to female flowers of Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Q. robur L. was surveyed in situ from 1989 to 1993 on isolated oaks as well as on forest trees in the central part of France. Depending on the year, 200 to 1000 flowers located 2–12 m high were selected and continuous observations of damage development were made from bud‐burst to fecundation. Thirteen weevil species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), previously known only as defoliators, were noticed to attack buds, flowers or peduncles prior to flower fecundation. The most significant damage was caused by Polydrusus cervinus L., Strophosoma capitatum De Geer, Brachyderes incanus L., Phyllobius piri (L.) and Coeliodes ilicis (Bed.). Details of the biology of these species and the damage caused are given.RésuméL'étude de l'impact des insectes sur le développement in situ des fleurs femelles de 2 chênes communs Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. et Q. robur L. a été conduite entre 1989 et 1993 dans le Centre de la France sur des arbres isolés et sur des individus poussant en forêt. On a suivi, selon les années, l'évolution de 200 à 1000 fleurs situées entre 2 et 12 m de hauteur. Les observations ont porté sur la période allant de l'éclosion des bourgeons floraux à la fécondation. 13 espèces de Curculionides (Coléoptères) dont l'impact sur les fleurs femelles n'avait pas été signalé sont particulièrement nuisibles. Cinq d'entre elles jouent en rôle important: Polydrusus cervinus L., Strophosoma capitatum De Geer, Brachyderes incanus L., Phyllobius piri (L.) et Coeliodes ilicis (Bed.). Divers points de leur biologie sont précisés et leurs dégâts sont décrits.
The impact of spiders on aphid populations in a strip‐managed apple orchard
Authors: Wyss E. , Niggli U. , Nentwig W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAphids and their predators were studied in an apple orchard near Berne, Switzerland. To augment the density of the predators of aphids weed strips were sown in tramlines and along the border parallel to the first and the last row of trees in one half of the orchard (the other half served as control) in April 1992. Weekly visual observations, monthly beating‐tray samples, branch samples in winter, and assessment of the density of spider webs and their trapping efficiency on randomly chosen trees were carried out in 1993. During 1993, significant differences in the number of aphids, aphidophagous insects, and spiders were observed on the apple trees within both the strip‐managed area and the control area. The impact on aphids by the aphidophagous insects was important during the flowering time of weeds in spring and summer. In autumn, however, spiders (i.e. Araniella spp.) were the dominant predators of aphids on the trees; during this time of the year they were more abundant within the strip‐managed area of the orchard. With a higher density of webs, spiders significantly reduced the number of aphids able to return from their summer host plants. Consequently, less hatching aphids were found on branch samples of the strip‐managed area compared to the control area. The effects of the weed strips on spiders and aphidophagous insects, and the resulting impact of predation on the aphids are discussed.