bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between bone mass and micro‐architecture at the mandible and iliac bone in edentulous subjects: a dual X‐ray absorptiometry, computerised tomography and microcomputed tomography study
Authors: Bodic François , Amouriq Yves , Gayet‐Delacroix Marie , Maugars Yves , Hamel Luc , Baslé Michel F. , Chappard Daniel 
Published: June 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00527.xRelationships between bone mass and micro‐architecture at the mandible and iliac bone in edentulous subjects: a dual X‐ray absorptiometry, computerised tomography and microcomputed tomography studyObjectives:  To compare bone volume, bone mineral density, cortical thickness and bone micro‐architecture in a series of paired mandibular and iliac bone samples analysed by various imagery techniques to see whether relationships exist between the various techniques and between mandibular and iliac bone.Materials and methods:  Bone samples from the mandible and ilium were harvested in 20 cadavers and analysed by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), computerised tomography (CT) on a conventional hospital machine and microCT.Results:  Significant correlations were found between Hounsfield density obtained by CT, and bone mass determined by microCT but not with DXA values. Cortical thickness measurements were well correlated between CT and microCT. No relationships were found between mandibular and iliac bone, when considering mineral density, cortical thickness, bone volume or micro‐architecture.Conclusion:  In clinical practice, CT remains the most appropriate routine means for bone qualitative and quantitative evaluation at the mandible. In this ex vivo study, these results confirm that mandibular bone status does not reflect the axial skeletal one and assist in the placement of implants with dental prostheses in old or osteoporotic patients.
Mixed Methods Evaluation Research for a Mental Health Screening and Referral Clinical Pathway
Authors: Allen Jacqui , Annells Merilyn , Clark Eileen , Lang Lyn , Nunn Russell , Petrie Eileen , Robins Alan 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTRationale: This study is an exemplar of mixed method evaluation research for development of a clinical pathway.Aim: To develop and evaluate an evidence‐based, feasible mental health screening and referral clinical pathway for Department of Veterans’ Affairs‐funded community nursing care of war veterans and war widows in the Australian context.Methods: Mixed methods were applied to formulate and clinically evaluate an appropriate pathway. The pathway was applied at urban and rural sites for the nursing care of 97 war veteran and war widow clients. Evaluative data were collected from clients, their informal carers, community nurses, and general practitioners. Chart auditing and pre‐post measures were undertaken. Collaboration occurred with an interdisciplinary design team.Results: The final modified six‐page pathway includes use of validated screening tools (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale [K10]) and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, appropriate referral information, directions for support and health‐promoting education, and evidence‐based guidelines.Implications for Practice: The clinical pathway is a useful, tested, evidence‐based guide for generalist community nurses to identify and suitably respond to common mental healthcare needs of war veterans and war widows. The pathway provides outcomes acceptable to clients and their carers, nurses and doctors.Conclusions: This study provides an evaluated clinical pathway for generalist community nurses to screen for mental health difficulties, make appropriate referrals as required and to support war veteran and war widow clients. However, the study also shows how research can be used to develop and evaluate practical, evidence‐based clinical pathways.
Bedside review of patient care in an emergency department: The Cow Round
Authors: Richmond Clare , Merrick Eamon , Green Timothy , Dinh Michael , Iedema Rick 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective: Clinical handover is a critical point in medical care in the ED, which can contribute to adverse effects for patient care and staff workloads. Over a 4 and a half months in a tertiary referral hospital ED, a centralized whiteboard handover was performed followed by a multidisciplinary review of each patient. This round was referred to as the ‘Cow Round’.Methodology: This observational study used a standardized feedback survey of clinicians leading each Cow Round. The survey asked participants in the round to report issues found, which were not handed over during the centralized whiteboard handover. Data were analysed for the number of issues identified, the type of issue identified, and to determine if there was a relationship between the number of issues reported and patients in the department.Results: 204 surveys met inclusion criteria. Clinical issues not handed over at the standard whiteboard round were found in 64% of Cow Rounds. Of the 2411 patients reviewed on Cow Rounds, 14.1% had at least one clinical issue not handed over during the whiteboard round. A mean of 2.2 issues per round (95% CI 1.9–2.5) were found. Pearson correlation found a relationship between the number of issues identified and the total number of patients in the department (r= 0.246 P= 0.005).Conclusion: Review of patients led by a senior member of medical staff, at the patient bedside enables the timely identification and management of issues not communicated during the whiteboard handover process. This review is important when more patients are receiving treatment in the department.
Survival from in‐hospital cardiac arrest in Auckland City Hospital
Authors: Jones Peter , Miles Jennifer , Mitchell Nancy 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective: To describe in‐hospital resuscitation outcomes and factors associated with survival at Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand.Methods: The Utstein template for in‐hospital cardiac arrests was used. A retrospective audit of all cardiac arrests 2004–06 determined patient demographics, resuscitation time intervals, interventions, survival and neurological outcome at 12 months. Factors associated with survival to discharge were explored with logistic regression.Results: There were 3470 in‐hospital deaths. Resuscitation was attempted in 415 patients (12%), with survival to discharge 27.2%. Survival was higher in first rhythm VT/VF (52.7% vs 13.1%, χ2= 75.3, P < 0.001), when the arrest was ‘In‐Hours’ (41.4% vs 17%, χ2= 30.1, P < 0.001) and with younger age (mean [SD] for survivors 59.4 [7.1]vs 69.1 [14] for non‐survivors). These associations were independent predictors of survival after multivariate logistic regression, with OR 6.2 (95% CI 3.6–10.5), 3.1 (95% CI 1.8–5.4) and 1.04 (95% CI 1.02–1.06), respectively (all P < 0.001). Other univariate predictors of survival; cardiac arrest team on site, monitored arrest and time to CPR were not significant after multivariate logistic regression. Time intervals to arrest interventions were short. Twelve month neurological outcome was good (CPC1 or 2) in 97.1% (95% CI 91.6–99.4) of survivors.Conclusions: Survival from cardiac arrest in our hospital compared well to similar centres and good neurological outcome was higher than reported previously. Reduced survival during the ‘After‐Hours’ period is cause for concern, and further research into the factors underlying this is required.
Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Male Genitalia and Their Concordance Among Pregnant Spouses Participating in the Finnish Family HPV Study
Authors: Kero Katja , Rautava Jaana , Syrjänen Kari , Grenman Seija , Syrjänen Stina 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Genotype-specific concordance among human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected spouses is incompletely assessed. HPV concordance is of importance in counselling HPV-infected subjects and their partners.

Aim
To determine HPV-genotype distribution and prevalence in semen and urethral samples of young fathers and their concordance with HPV-genotypes in cervical and oral mucosal samples of their spouses.

Methods
In the Finnish Family HPV study, urethral and semen samples were collected from 131 fathers-to-be for HPV genotyping with Multimetrix assay. HPV-genotyping data were correlated with the data of the cervical and oral mucosal samples of the spouses collected at third trimester pregnancy at baseline.

Main Outcome Measure
Concordance of HPV-genotypes between the spouses.

Results
Urethral and/or semen samples tested HPV positive in 47/131 (35.9%) of the fathers-to-be, more frequently in semen (28/90; 31%) than in urethral (29/128; 23%) samples. In women, 18.8% of their cervical and 17.2% of the oral samples tested HPV-positive. Of the HPV-positive samples, HPV16 was the most frequent genotype, present in 39.3% of semen, 77.3% of mothers' oral, and 29.2% of cervical samples. Multiple-type infections were found in 24.1% of HPV-positive urethral and 21.6% of semen samples. In mothers, half of their cervical and 4.5% of oral HPV were multiple-type infections. The HPV-genotype-specific concordance among spouses ranged from 0% to 9.5%, according to the sampling sites. Altogether, eight couples disclosing such a concordance were analyzed separately for a risk-profile. Mothers of the HPV-concordant couples reported significantly higher number (&gt;6) of life-time sexual partners than did the discordant mothers (P = 0.030).

Conclusions
Asymptomatic HPV infections were common in both parents, while the genotype-specific concordance among spouses was low. In both partners, HPV16 is the dominant genotype. HPV6 was a prevalent HPV genotype in male genitalia. Female risk profile might enhance the transmission of HPV infection to her male partner and increase the genotype-specific HPV concordance between the spouses.
The first observation of optical pulsations from a soft gamma repeater: SGR 0501+4516
Authors: Dhillon V. S. , Marsh T. R. , Littlefair S. P. , Copperwheat C. M. , Hickman R. D. G. , Kerry P. , Levan A. J. , Rea N. , Savoury C. D. J. , Tanvir N. R. , Turolla R. , Wiersema K. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
We present high-speed optical photometry of the soft gamma repeater SGR 0501+4516, obtained with ULTRACAM on two consecutive nights approximately 4 months after the source was discovered via its gamma-ray bursts. We detect SGR 0501+4516 at a magnitude of i′= 24.4 ± 0.1. We present the first measurement of optical pulsations from a SGR, deriving a period of 5.7622 ± 0.0003 s, in excellent agreement with the X-ray spin period of the neutron star. We compare the morphologies of the optical pulse profile with the X-ray and infrared pulse profiles; we find that the optical, infrared and harder X-rays share similar double-peaked morphologies, but the softer X-rays exhibit only a single-peaked morphology, indicative of a different origin. The optical pulsations appear to be in phase with the X-ray pulsations and exhibit a root-mean-square pulsed fraction of 52 ± 7 per cent, approximately a factor of 2 greater than in the X-rays. Our results find a natural explanation within the context of the magnetar model for SGRs.
Acute Murine H5N1 Influenza A Encephalitis
Authors: Bissel Stephanie J. , Giles Brendan M. , Wang Guoji , Olevian Dane C. , Ross Ted M. , Wiley Clayton A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAvian influenza A virus H5N1 has the proven capacity to infect humans through cross‐species transmission, but to date, efficient human‐to‐human transmission is limited. In natural avian hosts, animal models and sporadic human outbreaks, H5N1 infection has been associated with neurological disease. We infected BALB/c mice intranasally with H5N1 influenza A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 to study the immune response during acute encephalitis. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we compared the time course of viral infection with activation of immunity. By 5 days postinfection (DPI), mice had lost substantial body weight and required sacrifice by 7 DPI. H5N1 influenza was detected in the lung as early as 1 DPI, whereas infected neurons were not observed until 4 DPI. H5N1 infection of BALB/c mice developed into severe acute panencephalitis. Infected neurons lacked evidence of a perineuronal net and exhibited signs of apoptosis. Whereas lung influenza infection was associated with an early type I interferon (IFN) response followed by a reduction in viral burden concordant with appearance of IFN‐γ, the central nervous system environment exhibited a blunted type I IFN response.
UVA, UVB and UVC Induce Differential Response Signaling Pathways Converged on the eIF2α Phosphorylation
Authors: Zhong Julia Li , Yang Li , Lü Fenglin , Xiao Han , Xu Ruoqi , Wang Lijuan , Zhu Feng , Zhang Yiguo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIt is clear that solar UV irradiation is a crucial environmental factor resulting in skin diseases partially through activation of cell signaling toward altered gene expression and reprogrammed protein translation. Such a key translational control mechanism is executed by the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α subunit (eIF2α) and the downstream events provoked by phosphorylation of eIF2α at Ser51 are clearly understood, but the upstream signaling mechanisms on the eIF2α‐Ser51 phosphorylation responses to different types of UV irradiations, namely UVA, UVB and UVC, are still not well elucidated. Herein, our evidence reveals that UVA, UVB and UVC all induce a dose‐ and time‐dependent phosphorylation of eIF2α‐Ser51 through distinct signaling mechanisms. UVA‐induced eIF2α phosphorylation occurs through MAPKs, including ERKs, JNKs and p38 kinase, and phosphatidylinositol (PI)‐3 kinase. By contrast, UVB‐induced eIF2α phosphorylation is through JNKs and p38 kinase, but not ERKs or PI‐3 kinase, whereas UVC‐stimulated response to eIF2α phosphorylation is via JNKs alone. Furthermore, we have revealed that ATM is involved in induction of the intracellular responses to UVA and UVB, rather than UVC. These findings demonstrate that wavelength‐specific UV irradiations activate differential response signaling pathways converged on the eIF2α phosphorylation. Importantly, we also show evidence that a direct eIF2α kinase PKR is activated though phosphorylation by either RSK1 or MSK1, two downstream kinases of MAPKs/PI‐3 kinase‐mediated signaling pathways.
Feasibility of Light‐emitting Diode Uses for Annular Reactor Inner‐coated with TiO2 or Nitrogen‐doped TiO2 for Control of Dimethyl Sulfide
Authors: Jo Wan‐Kuen , Eun Sung‐Soo , Shin Seung‐Ho 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLimited environmental pollutants have only been investigated for the feasibility of light‐emitting diodes (LED) uses in photocatalytic decomposition (PD). The present study investigated the applicability of LEDs for annular photocatalytic reactors by comparing PD efficiencies of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which has not been investigated with any LED‐PD system, between photocatalytic systems utilizing conventional and various LED lamps with different wavelengths. A conventional 8 W UV/TiO2 system exhibited a higher DMS PD efficiency as compared with UV‐LED/TiO2 system. Similarly, a conventional 8 W visible‐lamp/N‐enhanced TiO2 (NET) system exhibited a higher PD efficiency as compared with six visible‐LED/NET systems. However, the ratios of PD efficiency to the electric power consumption were rather high for the photocatalytic systems using UV‐ or visible‐LED lamps, except for two LED lamps (yellow‐ and red‐LED lamps), compared to the photocatalytic systems using conventional lamps. For the photocatalytic systems using LEDs, lower flow rates and input concentrations and shorter hydraulic diameters exhibited higher DMS PD efficiencies. An Fourier‐transformation infrared analysis suggested no significant absorption of byproducts on the catalyst surface. Consequently, it was suggested that LEDs can still be energy‐efficiently utilized as alternative light sources for the PD of DMS, under the operational conditions used in this study.
Improving Adherence With Amlodipine/Atorvastatin Therapy: IMPACT Study
Authors: Oliver Saran , Jones Jennifer , Leonard David , Crabbe Andrew , Delkhah Yana 
Published: June 2011

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13:598–604.©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Hypertension is prevalent in the United States and remains uncontrolled. The primary objective of the study was to determine the effect of once‐daily dosing of a combination therapy for blood pressure (BP) and dyslipidemia using home BP monitoring on reaching clinical BP and the effect of daily dosing of combination therapy on reaching lipid goals. The study was conducted in middle‐aged, indigent, African Americans who had high‐risk, resistant hypertension and dyslipidemia. Patients were randomly assigned to either the home and clinic BP group or usual care group and were followed for 6 months. The average BPs for each group were compared and used to titrate the study drug appropriately. Both groups achieved significant declines in BP, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) (P<.0001). These findings demonstrate that BP control could be achieved at a rate of 43.5% compared with the 2004 national control rate of 35%. The LDL control rate was also improved. Cardiovascular risk reduction has been proven to be achieved through managing lipids and BP. This trial demonstrates that these goals can be achieved similar to other groups in indigent African Americans with high‐risk hypertension and dyslipidemia.
Strategies for effective recruitment of individuals at risk for developing psychosis
Authors: Domingues Isabel , Alderman Tracy , Cadenhead Kristin S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim: Early identification of individuals in the prodrome and first episode of psychosis can lead to pre‐emptive intervention and perhaps prevention of the significant functional decline that often accompanies a first psychotic episode. The development of an extensive community outreach and education campaign is essential for programmes that aim to identify and treat individuals in the early stages of psychotic illness.Methods: Over the last decade, the Cognitive Assessment and Risk Evaluation (CARE) programme at the University of California San Diego has implemented a recruitment strategy to increase public awareness about early psychosis and establish community collaboration in San Diego county. Educational materials were distributed to community partners, local media and via the Internet. The number and pattern of referrals were then analysed to inform ongoing recruitment efforts.Results: Overall, 799 referrals were telephone screened. Of the 313 who completed diagnostic interviews, 223 were enrolled including 122 in an ‘At Risk’ state and 101 in an early psychotic episode. The majority who met inclusion criteria were referred by outpatient mental health practitioners (46.6%), whereas 16.1% came from inpatient facilities and 16.1% were from Internet sites. Other important referral sources were the public schools, community colleges and the National Alliance on Mental Illness.Conclusions: The successful recruitment efforts of the CARE programme reflect not only the extensive educational outreach but also the emphasis on enhancing professional relationships with community partners. The Internet became an important source of information and referrals and will likely be an essential component of any public education campaign.
How does social functioning in the early stages of psychosis relate to depression and social anxiety?
Authors: Chudleigh Catherine , Naismith Sharon L. , Blaszczynski Alex , Hermens Daniel F. , Hodge M. Antoinette Redoblado , Hickie Ian B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAims: The study aims to compare social functioning in young people considered to be at risk of psychosis with those meeting criteria for first episode psychosis (FEP) and controls, and to determine the association between social functioning and positive and negative symptoms, depressive symptoms, and social anxiety.Methods: This study examined social functioning in 20 individuals at risk of psychosis, 20 FEP patients and 20 healthy controls. Social functioning was measured using the Social Functioning Scale and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale. Psychiatric variables were also measured using the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Brief Social Phobia Scale, and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale.Results: At‐risk individuals had comparable social deficits to the FEP group, and both patient groups had significantly poorer social functioning than controls. Importantly, social functioning was most strongly associated with depressive and social anxiety symptoms and to a lesser extent with positive symptoms. However, negative symptoms did not appear to relate to social functioning.Conclusion: Social functioning impairments precede the onset of full‐threshold psychosis and may therefore be a significant marker for the illness. Additionally, associated psychiatric symptoms such as depression and social anxiety may provide an avenue for early interventions of social functioning deficits in psychosis.
Comparing the genetic architecture and potential response to selection of invasive and native populations of reed canary grass
Authors: Calsbeek Brittny , Lavergne Sebastien , Patel Manisha , Molofsky Jane 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEvolutionary processes such as migration, genetic drift, and natural selection are thought to play a prominent role in species invasions into novel environments. However, few empirical studies have explored the mechanistic basis of invasion in an evolutionary framework. One promising tool for inferring evolutionarily important changes in introduced populations is the genetic variance–covariance matrix (G matrix). G matrix comparisons allow for the inference of changes in the genetic architecture of introduced populations relative to their native counterparts that may facilitate invasion. Here, we compare the G matrices of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) populations across native and invasive ranges, and between populations along a latitudinal gradient within each range. We find that the major differences in genetic architecture occur between populations at the Northern and Southern margins within each range, not between native and invasive populations. Previous studies have found that multiple introductions in introduced populations caused an increase in genetic variance on which selection could act. In addition, we find that differences in the evolutionary potential of Phalaris populations are driven by differences in latitude, suggesting that selection also shapes the evolutionary trajectory of invasive populations.
Incretin‐based therapies
Authors: STONEHOUSE Anthony H. , DARSOW Tamara , MAGGS David G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIncretin‐based therapies have established a foothold in the diabetes armamentarium through the introduction of oral dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and the injectable class, the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists. In 2009, the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes authored a revised consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy in Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The revised algorithm accounts for the entry of incretin‐based therapies into common clinical practice, especially where control of body weight and hypoglycemia are concerns. The gut‐borne incretin hormones have powerful effects on glucose homeostasis, particularly in the postprandial period, when approximately two‐thirds of the β‐cell response to a given meal is due to the incretin effect. There is also evidence that the incretin effect is attenuated in patients with T2D, whereby the β‐cell becomes less responsive to incretin signals. The foundation of incretin‐based therapies is to target this previously unrecognized feature of diabetes pathophysiology, resulting in sustained improvements in glycemic control and improved body weight control. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that incretin‐based therapies may have a positive impact on inflammation, cardiovascular and hepatic health, sleep, and the central nervous system. In the present article, we discuss the attributes of current and near‐future incretin‐based therapies.