bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the calpain and ubiquitin‐proteasome systems in a canine model of muscular dystrophy
Authors: Wadosky Kristine M. , Li Luge , Rodríguez Jessica E. , Min Jin‐na , Bogan Dan , Gonzalez Jason , Patterson Cam , Kornegay Joe N. , Willis Monte 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Previous studies have tested the hypothesis that calpain and/or proteasome inhibition is beneficial in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, based largely on evidence that calpain and proteasome activities are enhanced in the mdx mouse. Methods: mRNA expression of ubiquitin‐proteasome and calpain system components were determined using real‐time polymerase chain reaction in skeletal muscle and heart in the golden retriever muscular dystrophy model. Similarly, calpain 1 and 2 and proteasome activities were determined using fluorometric activity assays. Results: We found that less than half of the muscles tested had increases in proteasome activity, and only half had increased calpain activity. In addition, transcriptional regulation of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system was most pronounced in the heart, where numerous components were significantly decreased. Conclusion: This study illustrates the diversity of expression and activities of the ubiquitin‐proteasome and calpain systems, which may lead to unexpected consequences in response to pharmacological inhibition. Muscle Nerve, 2011
On bounded solutions of transport equation solved with a spectral method
Authors: Martin Olga 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this article, a spectral method accompanied by finite difference method has been proposed for solving a boundary value problem that accompanies a stationary transport equation. We also prove that the solution is bounded by a value that depends of the source function. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed method are verified with the help of a numerical example. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2012
Higher dose imatinib for children with de novo chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Champagne Martin A. , Fu Cecilia H. , Chang Myron , Chen Helen , Gerbing Robert B. , Alonzo Todd A. , Cooley Linda D. , Heerema Nyla A. , Oehler Vivian , Wood Charlotte , French Mary Ellen , Arceci Robert J. , Smith Franklin O. , Bernstein Mark L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPurposeTo determine the efficacy of imatinib in children with newly diagnosed chronic phase (CP) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).MethodsThis was an open label, multi‐center phase II clinical trial. Courses were defined as consecutive 28‐day intervals. Oral imatinib was administered daily at 340 mg/m2 without interruption in the absence of toxicity.ResultsFifty‐one children received 978 28‐day courses of imatinib. The most common toxicities encountered were hematologic. Forty‐one patients (80%) achieved a complete hematologic response by the end of course 2. Nineteen children (38%) obtained a complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) at the end of course 3. Overall, 72% achieved CCyR at a median time of 5.6 months. The rate of complete molecular response (>3 log reduction) was 27%. Progression‐free and overall survival at 3 years were 72% ± 6.4% and 92% ± 3.9%, respectively.ConclusionsDaily oral imatinib at a dose of 340 mg/m2 is well tolerated in children. In addition, imatinib therapy is effective in inducing a high percent of hematologic, cytogenetic and molecular responses, comparable to adults with CML. (This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT00030394.). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;57:56–62. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extensive central nervous system involvement in optic pathway gliomas in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Shaikh Furqan , Johnston Donna , Michaud Jean , Hurteau Julie , Vassilyadi Michael , Keene Daniel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOptic pathway gliomas (OPG) in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) usually remain localized to the anterior visual pathway. However, a small number can demonstrate widespread dissemination. We describe three children with NF1 OPGs and extensive central nervous system involvement. In one case, a postmortem examination revealed tumor cells extending continuously from the optic nerves to the conus medullaris. This is the most widespread NF1 OPG reported in the literature. We suggest that rapid visual deterioration in the absence of radiographic changes or increased intracranial pressure can be caused by increasing tumor infiltration within the central nervous system. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 688–690. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Novel Protocol for the Preparation of Sodium Tanshinone Sulphonates by Direct Ultrasound‐assisted Sulphonation of the Crude Extract of the Roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Following Counter‐current Chromatography Purification
Authors: Zeng Liping , Wu Dingfang , Wu Shihua 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionSodium tanshinone sulphonates are water‐soluble derivatives of tanshinones originated from Tanshen (or Danshen, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), a famous Traditional Chinese Medicine, which have potent biological activities, especially in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. However, the classical preparation processes of sodium tanshinone sulphonates often involve multiple time‐ and solvent‐consuming steps after purification of tanshinones, resulting in relatively low yields.ObjectiveTo develop a simple protocol for direct preparation of sodium tanshinone sulphonates from the complex crude extract of the roots of S. miltiorrhiza without pre‐purification of tanshinones.MethodologyThe 100 mg crude tanshinone extract of S. miltiorrhiza was first sulphonated in a ultrasound bath with glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride and concentrated sulphuric acid for 20 min, and then subjected to counter‐current chromatography (CCC) separation using a optimum two‐phase solvent system composed of n‐hexane:ethylacetate:ethanol:5% sodium chloride aqueous solution (1:8:4:10, v/v). Based on the UV detection and HPLC analyses, the sulphonated fractions were collected.ResultSodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate (7.1 mg) and sodium tanshinone I sulphonate (2.8 mg) with over 95% purity were obtained successfully for the first time by ultrasound‐assisted sulphonation and following CCC purification.ConclusionThe study has shown that the method combining ultrasound‐assisted sulphonation and CCC purification is an efficient way to prepare tanshinone sulphonates without pre‐purification of tanshinones from the complex extracts of Tanshen, and can be explored as a new protocol for wide natural product modification directly from a crude complex extracts without pre‐purification. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differences Among Epilobium and Hypericum Species Revealed by four IR Spectroscopy Modes: Transmission, KBr Tablet, Diffuse Reflectance and ATR
Authors: Kokalj Meta , Kolar Jana , Trafela Tanja , Kreft Samo 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionQuality control of dried plant material in assessments of suitability of herbal medicinal products is of extreme importance. Commonly used procedures for identification of species are time consuming and expensive. The development of multivariate statistical methods has enabled application of vibrational spectroscopy for establishing plant species membership.ObjectiveTo determine which infrared spectroscopy mode gives most informative spectra for plant species identification.MethodologyDifferent modes of infrared spectroscopy were applied for investigation of differences among Epilobium and Hypericum species: diffuse reflectance (DR), attenuated total reflectance (ATR), direct transmission of whole leaves and KBr tablet transmission with comminuted leaves. The same chemometrical methods were applied to all spectra. The informative wave numbers were chosen by one‐way analysis of variance. Afterwards the colinearity was reduced with principal component analysis. In the final step the species identification was determined with discriminant analysis.ResultsTransmission and diffuse reflectance mode did not give satisfactory results. Best results for discrimination among Epilobium species were obtained with ATR mode (98%), while best results for Hypericum species were obtained with KBr transmission mode (97%). This might be explained by the morphological properties of the two genera. Epilobium species differ in distribution and morphology of trichomes on the surface of the leaves. Hypericum species differ in structures and secondary metabolites in the interior of the leaves.ConclusionFor best results in using infrared spectroscopy for plant species identification in quality control, the morphological properties of plant material should be taken into consideration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capnography in spontaneously breathing preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Lopez Emmanuel , Mathlouthi Jihene , Lescure Sandra , Krauss Baruch , Jarreau Pierre‐Henri , Moriette Guy 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundIn adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, there is a gradient between end‐tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) and arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2), and the slope of the ascending phase of the capnogram is decreased due to obstruction. Corresponding data are lacking in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).ObjectivesTo compare PCO2–EtCO2 gradient and capnogram shape in two groups of spontaneously breathing preterm subjects: infants with BPD and infants without respiratory disease (controls).Material and MethodsCapnography was performed at 36 weeks postmenstrual age in 20 infants (12 BPD with oxygen dependency, 8 controls). Respiratory rate and the components of the respiratory cycle were measured. The PCO2–EtCO2 gradient was calculated using EtCO2 values and simultaneously sampled capillary values (PcCO2). Capnograms were compared between groups.ResultsIn BPD subjects, respiratory rate was increased (60 ± 16 bpm vs 43 ± 16 bpm, P = 0.009); a widened PcCO2–EtCO2 gradient was observed (13 ± 4 mmHg vs 0 ± 7 mmHg, P = 0.0013); the ascending phase of the capnogram was not decreased, whereas the initial inspiratory phase was prolonged (0.32 ± 0.05 vs 0.24 ± 0.04, P = 0.001).ConclusionsCompared with healthy infants, a higher PcCO2–EtCO2 gradient was observed in infants with BPD, suggesting that ventilation–perfusion mismatch may be present in these infants. The capnogram did not exhibit the characteristic shape of airway obstruction. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:896–902. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung function changes in asthmatic children treated with HFA‐BDP
Authors: Eid Nemr , Morton Ronald 
Published: April 2011

AbstractStudy ObjectivesAsthma guidelines suggest that normal or near normal lung function should be one of the goals for good asthma control. Therefore, children with chronic persistent asthma and reduced peripheral airway function were assessed after the replacement of conventional inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) with an extrafine aerosol formulation, hydrofluoroalkane–134a beclomethoasone diproprionate (HFA‐BDP).Design and SettingLung function and clinical details were studied in children with moderate persistent asthma who regularly attended the pediatric pulmonary outpatient clinic at Kosair Children's Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.SubjectsA total of 20 children, 7 girls and 13 boys, with stable asthma but reduced forced expiratory flows between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75) were included in the study.InterventionAfter the initial assessment, each subject was switched from conventional ICS to HFA‐BDP. All other medications remained the same. Reassessment of lung function and clinical status was performed at least 3 weeks after the intervention.ResultsFEF25–75 increased from a mean of 50.75% to 68.85% predicted (P < 0.001). Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) also increased significantly from 84.6% to 93.8% predicted (P = 0.001). No changes asthma symptoms were observed.ConclusionCompared to conventional ICS, the use of HFA‐BDP in asthmatic children significantly improves airflow in both the large and the peripheral airways without loss of asthma control. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:837–841. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Obstructive sleep apnea in poorly controlled asthmatic children: Effect of adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Kheirandish‐Gozal Leila , Dayyat Ehab A. , Eid Nemr S. , Morton Ronald L. , Gozal David 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundAsthma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children share multiple epidemiological risk factors and the prevalence of snoring is higher in asthmatic children, suggesting that the latter may be at increased risk for OSA. Since both asthma and OSA are inflammatory disorders, we hypothesized that polysomnographically demonstrated OSA would be more frequent among poorly controlled asthmatics (PCA), and that treatment of OSA, if present, would ameliorate the frequency of acute asthmatic exacerbations (AAE).MethodsChildren with PCA were referred for an overnight sleep study, and adenotonsillectomy (tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, T&A) was performed if OSA was present. Frequency of asthma symptoms and exacerbations were compared.ResultsNinety‐two PCA children, ages 3–10 years, with a mean frequency of AAE of 3.4 ± 0.4/year were prospectively referred for a sleep study. OSA (i.e., AHI > 5/hrTST) was present in 58 patients (63.0%; OR: 40.9, 12.9–144.1, P < 0.000001 compared to the prevalence of OSA in a non‐asthmatic population). Information at 1‐year follow‐up was available for 35 PCA children after T&A. The annual frequency of AAE, rescue inhaled use, and asthma symptoms in this sub‐group decreased compared to no changes in the group without OSA.ConclusionsThe prevalence of OSA is markedly increased among PCA children and treatment of OSA appears to be associated with substantial improvements in the severity of the underlying asthmatic condition. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:913–918. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal structure of the Leishmania major MIX protein: A scaffold protein that mediates protein–protein interactions
Authors: Gorman Michael A. , Uboldi Alex D. , Walsh Peter J. , Tan Kher Shing , Hansen Guido , Huyton Trevor , Ji Hong , Curtis Joan , Kedzierski Lukasz , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Dogovski Con , Perugini Matthew A. , Simpson Richard J. , Handman Emanuela , Parker Michael W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInfection by Leishmania and Trypanosoma causes severe disease and can be fatal. The reduced effectiveness of current treatments is largely due to drug resistance, hence the urgent need to develop new drugs, preferably against novel targets. We have recently identified a mitochondrial membrane‐anchored protein, designated MIX, which occurs exclusively in these parasites and is essential for virulence. We have determined the crystal structure of Leishmania major MIX to a resolution of 2.4 Å. MIX forms an all α‐helical fold comprising seven α‐helices that fold into a single domain. The distribution of helices is similar to a number of scaffold proteins, namely HEAT repeats, 14‐3‐3, and tetratricopeptide repeat proteins, suggesting that MIX mediates protein–protein interactions. Accordingly, using copurification and mass spectroscopy we were able to identify several proteins that may interact with MIX in vivo. Being parasite specific, MIX is a promising new drug target and, thus, the structure and potential interacting partners provide a basis for structure‐guided drug discovery.
Design of Deinococcus radiodurans thioredoxin reductase with altered thioredoxin specificity using computational alanine mutagenesis
Authors: Obiero Josiah , Sanders David A.R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this study, the X‐ray crystal structure of the complex between Escherichia coli thioredoxin reductase (EC TrxR) and its substrate thioredoxin (Trx) was used as a guide to design a Deinococcus radiodurans TrxR (DR TrxR) mutant with altered Trx specificity. Previous studies have shown that TrxRs have higher affinity for cognate Trxs (same species) than that for Trxs from different species. Computational alanine scanning mutagenesis and visual inspection of the EC TrxR–Trx interface suggested that only four residues (F81, R130, F141, and F142) account for the majority of the EC TrxR–Trx interface stability. Individual replacement of equivalent residues in DR TrxR (M84, K137, F148, and F149) with alanine resulted in drastic changes in binding affinity, confirming that the four residues account for most of TrxR–Trx interface stability. When M84 and K137 were changed to match equivalent EC TrxR residues (K137R and M84F), the DR TrxR substrate specificity was altered from its own Trx to that of EC Trx. The results suggest that a small subset of the TrxR–Trx interface residues is responsible for the majority of Trx binding affinity and species‐specific recognition.
Modeling dispersion and deposition of smoke generated from chemical fires
Authors: Khajehnajafi Shahryar , Pourdarvish Reza , Shah Hardik 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSmoke is a mixture of toxic gases and suspended particulate matter of solids and liquids that evolves from a fire of flammable materials. This article presents real‐time consequence modeling to track the concentration of individual species in smoke as well as its soot deposition. In the modeling process presented, the burning rate or vapor mass is fed into a combustion model in which the combustion of products has been identified and quantified along with the temperature of the fire. The output of the combustion model is the smoke that will be dispersed into the ambient. The fire geometry, which depends on the type of fire (e.g., pool or flare), is identified. A dispersion model with the capability of determining particulate deposition is then used for tracking the smoke plume. The combustion model provides the composition of the toxic species present in the smoke: carbon monoxide, halogen acids, organic and inorganic irritants, and soot, and their quantities as the air‐to fuel ratio is changed. The end product is an excellent what‐if analysis tool for responders. For example, it provides the ability to determine whether to ignite or when to ignite a flammable, toxic release by comparing their consequences. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011
A Proposed Tool to Determine Dynamic Load Distribution between Corrugated Boxes
Authors: Jamialahmadi Arsalan , Trost Thomas , Östlund Sören 
Published: April 2011

This paper summarizes the dynamic analysis of the interaction of corrugated boxes in transport using a pressure‐mapping system. The dynamic contact forces on the contact area between boxes in both vertical and horizontal directions were measured, and the position of the instantaneous centre of force was traced, from which the pitch motion of boxes relative to each other was studied. The level‐crossing diagrams of the contact forces show a Rayleigh distribution for the vertical contact and a Gaussian distribution for the horizontal contacts. The contact force and acceleration power spectral density from accelerometers and pressure‐mapping system were compared.The results show that a pressure‐mapping system is an interesting tool for the analysis of the dynamic performance of systems of corrugated boxes under different stacking and loading conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereo‐dynamics of the F + HCl → HF + Cl reaction
Authors: Yin Shuhui , Guo Mingxing , Li Lei , Zhang Yinghui , Li Xiangping 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe present a quasi‐classical trajectory (QCT) study on product polarization for the reaction F(2P) + HCl(v = 0, j = 0) → HF + Cl(2P) on a recently computed 12
A′ ground‐state surface reported by Deskevich et al. J Chem Phys, 2006, 124, 224303. Four polarization dependent generalized differential cross‐sections (2π/σ)(dσ00/dωt), (2π/σ)(dσ20/dωt), (2π/σ)(dσ22+/dωt), and (2π/σ)(dσ21−/dωt) were calculated in the center‐of‐mass frame at four different collision energies. The obtained P(θr), P(ϕr), and P(θr, ϕr), which denote respectively the distribution of angles between k and j′, the distribution of dihedral angle denoting k‐k′‐j′ correlation and the angular distribution of product rotational vectors in the form of polar plots, indicate that the degree of rotational alignment of the product HF molecule is strong and the degree of the rotational alignment decreases as collision energy increases. The product rotational angular momentum vector j′ is not only aligned, but also oriented along the y‐axis, and the molecular rotation of the product prefers an in‐plane reaction mechanism rather than the out‐of‐plane mechanism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Charge transport and optical properties of discotic liquid crystalline molecules THDDP and substituted THDP
Authors: Saranya Govindarajan , Santhanamoorthi Nachimuthu , Kolandaivel Ponmalai , Senthilkumar Kittusamy 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe theoretical investigations have been carried out on the discotic liquid crystalline molecules, 2,3,6,7‐tetrakis‐hexyloxy‐9,16‐diaza‐dibenzo[a,c]phenazine (THDDP) and different substituted 2,3,6,7‐tetrakis‐hexyloxy‐dibenzo[a,c]phenazine (THDP) to study their charge transport and optical properties. The key parameters of charge transport such as charge transfer integrals and site energies have been calculated from the matrix elements of Kohn‐Sham Hamiltonian. The reorganization energy for the presence of excess charge and the rate of charge transfer calculated from Marcus theory have been used to find the mobility of the charge carrier in the studied molecules. The results show that the substitution and stacking angle change strongly affect the charge carrier mobility in π‐stacked THDDP and substituted THDP molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to find the most favorable conformation. The time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations reveal that for these molecules the different substitutions does not alter the main features of optical properties and the molecules may be used as blue light emitters. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
A DFT study on the mechanisms for the cycloaddition reactions between 1‐Aza‐2‐azoniaallene cations and carbodiimides
Authors: Wang Jing‐Mei , Li Zhi‐Minhg , Wang Quan‐Rui , Tao Feng‐Gang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe mechanisms of the title reactions between 1‐aza‐2‐azoniaallene cations and carbodiimides in the gas phase have been examined using the Becke‐3‐parameter‐Lee‐Yang‐Parr (B3LYP) at 6‐31++G** level. The theoretical results revealed that the reaction is a domino reaction that comprises two consecutive reactions: an ionic [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between 1‐aza‐2‐azoniallene cation and carbodiimide to yield the cycloadduct3and then a [1,2]‐shift to yield the thermodynamically more stable adduct4. Both stepwise and concerted pathways are accessible in the first cycloaddition in the model reaction. The activation barriers of them are almost equivalent. For the [1,2]‐shift reactions, both of the electron‐withdrawing chlorine substituent and the electron‐releasing methyl substituent on the 1‐aza‐2‐azoniaallene cation can facilitate the reaction but have little effects when substituted in the carbodiimide moiety. The model reaction has also been investigated at the QCISD (quadratic configuration interaction using single and double substitutions)/6‐31++G** and CCSD(T) (coupled cluster calculations with single and double excitations and a perturbative estimate of triple contributions calculations)/6‐31++G** levels as well as by the density functional theory. In addition, solvent effects with the isodensity‐surface polarized continuum model are also reported for all the reactions. In solvent dichloromethane, the cycloadducts of all the reactions, except model reaction and reaction d, were obtained from reactants directly as the result of the solvent effect. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011