bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Societal Application of Geophysics as an Aid to a Rescue Operation at Jaipur
Authors: Chandra Subash , Atal Surendra , Ahmeduddin Md. , Ahmed Shakeel 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Geophysical techniques are normally employed to explore the subsurface and determine the anomalies but they are always much larger in dimension. However, a very precise measurement was needed to pin point a misaligned horizontal tunnel made at 47 m depth to intercept an old bore well and rescue a four year child fallen accidently on 9th November at Jagatpura village in Jaipur, India. Due to the greater depth and presence of iron casing, electric power, etc., no equipment could work to determine the orientation of the tunnel that has lost its direction. The dimension of the site and many other constrains didn’t allow conventional geophysical methods to be used. An innovative method was then designed and successfully applied, which determined 1.92 m deviation of the tunnel end point to the east from the old bore well. The digging was redirected accordingly and the bore well was intercepted. This paper describes the theoretical background, forward simulations and the field experiment of the newly designed geophysical method.
E.B. Tylor, religion and anthropology
Authors: LARSEN TIMOTHY 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEdward Burnett Tylor (1832–1917) is often considered the father of the discipline of anthropology. Despite such eminence, his biography has never been written and the connections between his life and his work have been largely obscured or ignored. This article presents Tylor's main theories in the field of anthropology, especially as presented in his four published books, the most famous of which is Primitive Culture, and in the manuscript sources for his last, unpublished, one on ‘The natural history of religion’. One of Tylor's major areas of interest was the use of anthropological evidence to discover how religion arose. This preoccupation resulted in his influential account of ‘animism’. Drawing upon biographical information not known by previous scholars, Tylor's Quaker formation, later religious scepticism and personal life are connected to his intellectual work. Assumptions such as his evolutionary view of human culture and intellectualist approach to ‘savage’ customs, his use of the comparative method, and distinctive notions of his such as ‘survivals’ are first explained, and then the discussion is taken a step further in order to demonstrate how they were deployed to influence contemporary religious beliefs and practices. Tylor argued that the discipline of anthropology was a ‘reformer's science’. Working within the warfare model of the relationship between faith and science, I reveal the extent to which this meant for him using the tools of this new field of inquiry to bring about changes in the religious convictions of his contemporaries.
Rapid genetic turnover in populations of the insect pestBemisia tabaciMiddle East: Asia Minor 1 in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Dinsdale A. , Schellhorn N.A. , De Barro P. , Buckley Y.M. , Riginos C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOrganisms differ greatly in dispersal ability, and landscapes differ in amenability to an organism's movement. Thus, landscape structure and heterogeneity can affect genetic composition of populations. While many agricultural pests are known for their ability to disperse rapidly, it is unclear how fast and over what spatial scale insect pests might respond to the temporally dynamic agricultural landscapes they inhabit. We used population genetic analyses of a severe crop pest, a member of theBemisia tabaci(Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodoidea: Aleyrodidea) cryptic species complex known as Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (commonly known as biotype B), to estimate spatial and temporal genetic diversity over four months of the 2006–2007 summer growing season. We examined 559 individuals from eight sites, which were scored for eight microsatellite loci. Temporal genetic structure greatly exceeded spatial structure. There was significant temporal change in local genetic composition from the beginning to the end of the season accompanied by heterozygote deficits and inbreeding. This temporal structure suggests entire cohorts of pests can occupy a large and variable agricultural landscape but are rapidly replaced. These rapid genetic fluctuations reinforce the concept that agricultural landscapes are dynamic mosaics in time and space and may contribute to better decisions for pest and insecticide resistance management.
Proposed DSM-5 mixed features are associated with greater likelihood of remission in out-patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Perlis R. H. , Cusin C. , Fava M. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundDraft DSM-5 criteria for a mixed major depressive episode have been proposed, but their predictive validity has not yet been established. We hypothesized that such symptoms would be associated with poorer antidepressant treatment outcomes.MethodWe examined outcomes among individuals with major depressive disorder participating in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study, an effectiveness study conducted at primary and specialty care centers in the USA. Mixed features were derived from the six self-report items of the mania subscale of the Psychiatric Diagnosis Screening Questionnaire. Primary analyses examined the association between the presence of at least two of these in the 6 months before study entry, and remission across up to four sequential treatment trials, as well as adverse outcomes.ResultsOf the 2397 subjects with a major depressive episode of at least 6 months' duration, 449 (18.7%) reported at least two mixed symptoms. The presence of such symptoms was associated with a greater likelihood of remission across up to four sequential treatments, which persisted after adjustment for potential confounding clinical and demographic variables (adjusted hazard ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.28). Two individual items, expansive mood and cheerfulness, were strongly associated with a greater likelihood of remission.ConclusionsProposed DSM-5 mixed state features were associated with a greater rather than a lesser likelihood of remission. While unexpected, this result suggests the potential utility of further investigation of depressive mixed states in major depression.
Genetic analysis ofprecore/coreand partialpolgenes in an unprecedented outbreak of fulminant hepatitis B in India
Authors: KHARE S. , NEGI S. S. , SINGH S. , SINGHAL M. , KUMAR S. , PRAKASH C. , VENUGOPAL R. , RAWAT D. S. , CHAUHAN L. S. , RAI A. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYWe investigated an unprecedented outbreak of fulminant hepatitis B virus (HBV) that occurred in Modasa, Gujarat (India) in 2009. Genomic analysis of all fulminant hepatic failure cases confirmed exclusive predominance of subgenotype D1. A1762T, G1764A basal core promoter (BCP) mutations, insertion of isoleucine after nt 1843, stop codon mutation G1896A, G1862T transversion plus seven other mutations in the core gene caused inhibition of HBeAg expression implicating them as circulatingprecore/BCP mutant virus. Two rare mutations at amino acids 89 (Ile→Ala) and 119 (Leu→Ser) in addition to other mutations in thepolymerase (pol)gene may have caused some alteration in either of fourpolgene domains to affect encapsidation of pregenomic RNA to enhance pathogenicity. Sequence similarity among patients' sequences suggested an involvement of a single hepatitis B mutant strain/source to corroborate the finding of gross and continued usage of HBV mutant-contaminated syringes/needles by a physician which resulted in this unprecedented outbreak of fulminant hepatitis B. The fulminant exacerbation of the disease might be attributed to mutations in the BCP/precore/coreandpolgenes that may have occurred due to selection pressure during rapid spread/mutation of the virus.
Causes of hyperferritinaemia classified by HIV status in a tertiary-care setting in South Africa
Authors: VISSER A. , MOSTERT C. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThis study included all patients, with known HIV-1 status, admitted to hospital over a 5-year period with serum ferritin values exceeding 1500 μg/l. Markedly elevated serum ferritin levels are associated with a host of causes which poses a diagnostic dilemma, as the aetiology is often highly dependent on local epidemiology. We evaluated patients' records retrospectively to determine underlying causes of possible hyperferritinaemia. Aetiologies associated with hyperferritinaemia varied significantly depending on HIV-1 status. In patients infected with the HIV-1 virus, infectious causes predominated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis accounting for more than 50% of the patient population with an odds ratio of 17·98 (95% confidence interval 8·31–38·88) in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative patients. Of the HIV-1-negative patients, hereditary haemochromatosis accounted for less than 2% of patients and chronic renal failure was the most common diagnosis. The finding of hyperferritinaemia should prompt determination of HIV-1 status, as this impacts significantly on aetiological epidemiology. In HIV-1-positive patients, aggressive investigation for mycobacterial infection should be undertaken in cases of combined hyperferritinaemia and positive HIV-1 serology.
What are the most sensitive and specific sign and symptom combinations for influenza in patients hospitalized with acute respiratory illness? Results from western Kenya, January 2007–July 2010
Authors: MURRAY E. L. , KHAGAYI S. , OPE M. , BIGOGO G. , OCHOLA R. , MUTHOKA P. , NJENGA K. , ODHIAMBO F. , BURTON D. , LASERSON K. F. , BREIMAN R. F. , FEIKIN D. R. , KATZ M. A. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYInfluenza causes severe illness and deaths, and global surveillance systems use different clinical case definitions to identify patients for diagnostic testing. We used data collected during January 2007–July 2010 at hospital-based influenza surveillance sites in western Kenya to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for eight clinical sign/symptom combinations in hospitalized patients with acute respiratory illnesses, including severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) (persons aged 2–59 months: cough or difficulty breathing with an elevated respiratory rate or a danger sign; persons aged ⩾5 years: temperature ⩾38 °C, difficulty breathing, and cough or sore throat) and influenza-like illness (ILI) (all ages: temperature ⩾38 °C and cough or sore throat). Overall, 4800 persons aged ⩾2 months were tested for influenza; 416 (9%) had laboratory-confirmed influenza infections. The symptom combination of cough with fever (subjective or measured ⩾38 °C) had high sensitivity [87·0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 83·3–88·9], and ILI had high specificity (70·0%, 95% CI 68·6–71·3). The case definition combining cough and any fever is a simple, sensitive case definition for influenza in hospitalized persons of all age groups, whereas the ILI case definition is the most specific. The SARI case definition did not maximize sensitivity or specificity.
Value of history taking in children and adolescents with cardiac syncope
Authors: Zhang Qingyou , Zhu Lulu , Wang Cheng , Du Zhongdong , Hu Xiufen , Tian Hong , Todd Ochs , Zhang Fengwen , Du Junbao , Jin Hongfang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimThis study was designed to investigate the value of history taking in identifying children with cardiac syncope, and to improve diagnostic efficiency and accuracy in children with cardiac syncope.Methods and ResultsWe compared the characteristics of a group of children and adolescents with cardiac syncope at the Pediatric Syncope Unit of five hospitals in China with those with typical vasovagal syncope. We included a cohort of 275 patients in Pediatric Syncope Unit. A cardiac cause of syncope was established in 31 patients, autonomic-mediated reflex syncope in 214, non-syncopal attacks in 15, and in the remaining 15 the cause of syncope remained unexplained. Cardiac syncope was triggered by exercise, whereas vasovagal syncope by prolonged standing, warm-crowded place, and fear or pain emotion. Syncopal spells occurred at various positions in cardiac syncope. Children who had prodromal symptoms with cardiac syncope were significantly fewer than those with vasovagal syncope. Most children with cardiac syncope had history of abnormal electrocardiogram findings when compared with children suffering from vasovagal syncope. On multivariable analysis, history of abnormal electrocardiogram findings and exercise-triggered syncope were independent predictors of cardiac syncope.ConclusionChildren and adolescents with a history of abnormal electrocardiogram findings and exercise-related syncope spells were at high risk for cardiac syncope.
Hind limb osteology of Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia)
Authors: Lecuona A. , Desojo J. B. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTGracilisuchus stipanicicorum Romer, 1972, from the Middle-Late Triassic of the Ischigualasto–Villa Unión Basin of Argentina, is an extinct pseudosuchian archosaur on the stem to Crocodylomorpha. The pelvic girdle and hind limb anatomy of a referred specimen of Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum is described and compared with that from a broad range of archosauriform taxa, including basal members such as crurotarsans and basal ornithodirans. The description of this specimen reveals new information on the anatomy of the pelvic girdle and hind limb of Gracilisuchus, through a detailed examination of some anatomical regions barely or not previously described, as well as reinterpretations of previous features. The phylogenetic affinities of Gracilisuchus within the Archosauria remain to be tested, but Gracilisuchus shares two putative synapomorphies with some non-crocodyliform crocodylomorphs, providing tentative support for the monophyly of Sphenosuchia (e.g., Sereno & Wild 1992; Wu & Chatterjee 1993) and the close relationship of Gracilisuchus to that clade. These characteristics are: (i) the morphology and poor development of the femoral fourth trochanter, closely resembling the condition of Pseudhesperosuchus and Trialestes; and (ii) a poor anterior development of the femoral head, shared with Pseudhesperosuchus. On the other hand there are characters that reject the inclusion of Gracilisuchus within Crocodylomorpha (Nesbitt 2011), such as the absence of an imperforated acetabulum, and that rather suggests a sister-taxon position to Crocodylomorpha.
Regional trends in active diapirism revealed by mountain range‐scale InSAR time series
Authors: Barnhart William D. , Lohman Rowena B. 
Published: March 2012

We construct an orogen‐wide InSAR time series over the Zagros Mountains and eastern Markan Subduction Zone in southern Iran from 19 Envisat tracks spanning 2003–2010. We observe active salt diapirism of the infra‐Cambrian Hormuz Salt at 20 locations and identify several diapirs that are not moving. All active diapirs reach the surface within the Asmari Limestone or older rock units while we do not observe any active diapirism occurring within younger exposures, reflecting a complex vertical accumulation of the basal salt and reactivation of diapirs by erosion. Diapir reactivation of this sort may be a critical factor affecting the feasibility of sequestering nuclear waste and CO2 in evaporite sequences over geologic time scales. The distribution of active diapirism is indifferent to increases in mean elevation, suggesting a relatively uniform thickness of the Zagros Fold Belt above the basal salt with steps in topography driven by basement thickening. We do not observe aseismic uplift of anticlines because rates are likely below the detection threshold of our time series. This suggests that uplift is accommodated at small rates (<2–3 mm/yr) over numerous structures instead of focused at the deformation front.
The potential role of stratospheric ozone in the stratosphere‐ionosphere coupling during stratospheric warmings
Authors: Goncharenko L. P. , Coster A. J. , Plumb R. A. , Domeisen D. I. V. 
Published: March 2012

The recent discovery of large ionospheric disturbances associated with sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW) has challenged the current understanding of mechanisms coupling the stratosphere and ionosphere. Non‐linear interaction of planetary waves and tides has been invoked as a primary mechanism for such coupling. Here we show that planetary waves may play a more complex role than previously thought. Planetary wave forcing induces a global circulation that leads to the build‐up of ozone density in the tropics at 30–50 km altitude, the primary region responsible for the generation of the migrating semidiurnal tide. The increase in the ozone density reaches 25% and lasts for ∼35 days following the SSW, long after the collapse of the planetary waves. Ozone enhancements are not only associated with SSW but are also observed after other amplifications in planetary waves. In addition, the longitudinal distribution of the ozone becomes strongly asymmetric, potentially leading to the generation of non‐migrating semidiurnal tides. We report a persistent increase in the variability of ionospheric total electron content that coincides with the increase in stratospheric ozone and we suggest that the ozone fluctuations affect the ionosphere through the modified tidal forcing.
Distinct and diverse anaerobic bacterial communities in boreal lakes dominated by candidate division OD1
Authors: Peura Sari , Eiler Alexander , Bertilsson Stefan , Nykänen Hannu , Tiirola Marja , Jones Roger I 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Lakes have a central role in the carbon cycle of the boreal landscape. These systems typically stratify in summer and their hypolimnetic microbial communities influence burial of biogenic organic matter in sediments. The composition of bacterial communities in these suboxic habitats was studied by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons from five lakes with variable dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Bacterioplankton communities in the hypolimnetic waters were clearly different from the surface layer with candidate division OD1, Chlorobi and Bacteroidetes as dominant community members. Several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated with candidate division OD1 were abundant and consistently present in the suboxic hypolimnion in these boreal lakes. The overall representation of this group was positively correlated with DOC and methane concentrations. Network analysis of time-series data revealed contrasting temporal patterns but suggested similar ecological roles among the abundant OTUs affiliated with candidate division OD1. Together, stable isotope data and taxonomic classification point to methane oxidation and autotrophic denitrification as important processes in the suboxic zone of boreal lakes. Our data revealed that while hypolimnetic bacterial communities are less dynamic, they appear to be more diverse than communities from the oxic surface layer. An appreciable proportion of the hypolimnetic bacteria belong to poorly described phyla.
Genomic Replikin Counts of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV) in Canada Exceed the Counts in Lethal Outbreaks in Norway, Chile, and Scotland. Real-Time Tracking of the Evolution of the ISAV Genome and the Resultant Replikins Solid Phase ISAV Vaccine Make ISAV Pandemic Prevention Possible.
Authors: Bogoch Samuel , Bogoch Elenore 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGenomic Replikin CountsTM of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV) in Canada Exceed the Counts in Lethal Outbreaks in Norway, Chile, and Scotland. Real-Time Tracking of the Evolution of the ISAV Genome and the Resultant Replikins Solid Phase ISAV Vaccine Make ISAV Pandemic Prevention Possible.
Women Disarmed: The Militarization of Politics in Ireland 1913-23
Authors: Benton Sarah 
Published: March 2012

The movement for ‘military preparedness’ in America and Britain gained tremendous momentum at the turn of the century. It assimilated the cult of manliness — the key public virtue, which allowed a person to claim possession of himself and a nation to reclaim possession of itself. An army was the means of marshalling a mass of people for regeneration. The symbol of a nation's preparedness to take control of its own soul was the readiness to bear arms. Although this movement originated in the middle-class, Protestant cultures of the USA and England, its core ideas were adopted by many political movements. Affected by these ideas, as well as the formation of the Protestant Ulster Volunteers in 1913, a movement to reclaim Irish independence through the mass bearing of arms began in South and West Ireland in autumn 1914. Women were excluded from these Volunteer companies, but set up their own organization, Cumann na mBan, as an auxiliary to the men's. The Easter Rising in 1916 owed as much to older ideas of the coup d'état as new ideas of mass mobilization, but subsequent history recreated that Rising as the ‘founding’ moment of the Irish republic. It was not until mass conscription was threatened two years later that the mass of people were absorbed into the idea of an armed campaign against British rule. From 1919 to 1923, the reality of guerrilla-style war pressed people into a frame demanding discipline, secrecy, loyalty and a readiness to act as the prime nationalist virtues. The ideal form of relationship in war is the brotherhood, both as actuality and potent myth. The mythology of brotherhood creates its own myths of women (as not being there, and men not needing them) as well as creating the fear and the myth that rape is the inevitable expression of brotherhoods in action. Despite explicit anxiety at the time about the rape of Irish women by British soldiers, no evidence was found of mass rape, and that fear has disappeared into oblivion, throwing up important questions as to when rape is a weapon of war. The decade of war worsened the relationship of women to the political realm. Despite active involvement as ‘auxiliaries’ women's political status was permanently damaged by their exclusion as warriors and brothers, so much so that they disappear into the status of wives and mothers in the 1937 Irish Constitution.
Very accurate potential energy curve of the ${\rm He}_2^+$ He 2+ ion
Authors: Tung Wei-Cheng , Pavanello Michele , Adamowicz Ludwik 
Published: March 2012

A very accurate ground-state potential energy curve (PEC) of the ${\rm He}_2^+$ He 2+ molecule is calculated with 1200 explicitly correlated Gaussian functions with shifted centers in the range between 0.9 and 100 a0. The calculations include the adiabatic corrections determined for the 3He4He+, 3${\rm He}_2^+$ He 2+, and 4${\rm He}_2^+$ He 2+ isotopologues. The absolute accuracy of the PEC is better than 0.05 cm−1 and that of the adiabatic corrections is around 0.01 cm−1. The depths of the PECs augmented with the adiabatic corrections for the three isotopologues are: 19 956.708 cm−1 for 4${\rm He}_2^+$ He 2+, 19 957.054 cm−1 for 3He4He+, and 19 957.401 cm−1 for 3${\rm He}_2^+$ He 2+. The rovibrational energies are also determined. For 3He4He+ the computed rovibrational transitions corresponding to the ν = 1–0 band differ from the experiment by less than 0.005 cm−1. For the rovibrational transitions corresponding to the ν = 23–22 band the difference is around 0.012 cm−1. Presently, this represents the best agreement between theory and experiment for ${\rm He}_2^+$ He 2+.