bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on chemical mechanisms of kraft pulping
Authors: Henriksson Gunnar , Germgård Ulf , Lindström Mikael E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Kraft pulping of wood is based on efficient depolymerization and solubilization of lignin, while cellulose is relatively undamaged. Non-cellulose cell wall polysaccharides are however in some cases heavily degraded, especially pectin and to a lesser degree also glucomannan while, xylan is relatively stable. In this mini-review, the most important reactions in lignin and polysaccharide degradation in kraft pulping are described, both the technically favorable and the problematic reactions, and the chemical background to discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the process. An attempt to put the different reactions in the perspective of the goals of the pulping process is made and a special focus is on the development of color in the pulp fiber during the kraft pulping.
Phytoremediation of radium contaminated soils: recent advances and prospects
Authors: Wang Jianlong , Chen Can 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Radioactive radium (Ra) mainly comes from the mining and milling of uranium and other metal or non-metal mines, phosphate production and fertilizer use, production of oil and gas, coal combustion, wastewater treatment, and various wastes from the above activities, which is ubiquitous in the environment. Phytoremediation is a green and cheap remediation technology for metal/radionuclide-contaminated sites. Radium is often of particular interest and there are many literatures on parameters of Ra concentration in plants and transfer factors from soil to plant from a radiological impact assessment point of view. However, review articles on phytoremediation of Ra-polluted soil are relatively few. This review focused on radium-polluted soil phytoremediation, involving two main strategies of phytoextraction and phytostabilization, which covered the potential (hyper)accumulators for Ra, characteristics of Ra uptake from soil by plants, influencing factors, and phytostabilization application. In future research works, more attention should be paid to the deep insights and mechanism researches of Ra uptake/immobilization by plants. This review will deepen the understanding of the relationship of radium-soil-plants, and to enhance the potential application of phytoremediation as an alternative treatment technology for remediation of Ra-polluted soil site.
Preparation of a Novel Adhesive from Highly Fibrillated Kozo Fibre for Paper Conservation
Authors: Kida Keiko , Handa Masaki , Okayama Takayuki , Kose Ryota , Nishida Noriyoshi , Fujimoto Manato , Kaseya Yuko , Tonoyama Mao , Inaba Masamitsu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, Kozo fibres were fibrillated using the stone wet milling method and the wet atomisation method both deriving from nanocellulose production processes. Kozo fibres with a high degree of external fibrillation were obtained by using the stone mill wet grinding method. Although fibres exhibited the same structure as untreated Kozo fibres, their bonding properties improved. Applying the wet atomisation method, fibrillated Kozo fibres with different degrees of fibrillation were obtained depending on the number of treatments. Fibrillated Kozo fibres can be used in conservation as an adhesive for lining and other stabilisation treatments and may in certain cases replace starch paste, which is susceptible to microbiological damage. Only Kozo fibres and water were used in both mechanical fibrillation methods; therefore, the resulting material can be considered a safe alternative to more traditional adhesives.
BiVO4-based heterojunction nanophotocatalysts for water splitting and organic pollutant degradation: a comprehensive review of photocatalytic innovation
Authors: Patial Baneesh , Bansal Ajay , Gupta Renu , Mittal Susheel K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The novel semiconductor photocatalytic material bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is gaining significant attention in research due to its unique characteristics, which include a low band gap, good responsiveness to visible light, and non-toxic nature. However, intrinsic constraints such as poor photogenerated charge transfer, slow water oxidation kinetics, and fast electron–hole pair recombination limit the photocatalytic activity of BiVO4. Building heterojunctions has shown to be an effective strategy for enhancing charge separation and impeding electron–hole pair recombination over the last few decades. This review covers the state-of-the-art developments in heterojunction nanomaterials based on BiVO4 for photocatalysis. It explores heterojunction design, clarifies reaction mechanisms, and highlights the current developments in applications including photocatalytic water splitting and organic matter degradation. Finally, it offers a preview of the development paths and opportunities for BiVO4-based heterojunction nanomaterials in the future. This comprehensive assessment of BiVO4-based heterojunctions provides insightful knowledge to researchers in materials science, chemistry, and environmental engineering that will drive advances and breakthroughs in these important fields.
Functional alterations in overweight/obesity: focusing on the reward and executive control network
Authors: Guo Haoyu , Han Jinfeng , Xiao Mingyue , Chen Hong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) have become prevalent issues in the global public health arena. Serving as a prominent risk factor for various chronic diseases, overweight/obesity not only poses serious threats to people’s physical and mental health but also imposes significant medical and economic burdens on society as a whole. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on basic scientific research dedicated to seeking the neural evidence underlying overweight/obesity, aiming to elucidate its causes and effects by revealing functional alterations in brain networks. Among them, dysfunction in the reward network (RN) and executive control network (ECN) during both resting state and task conditions is considered pivotal in neuroscience research on overweight/obesity. Their aberrations contribute to explaining why persons with overweight/obesity exhibit heightened sensitivity to food rewards and eating disinhibition. This review centers on the reward and executive control network by analyzing and organizing the resting-state and task-based fMRI studies of functional brain network alterations in overweight/obesity. Building upon this foundation, the authors further summarize a reward-inhibition dual-system model, with a view to establishing a theoretical framework for future exploration in this field.
Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Training for Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and General Health Outcomes: A Brief Review of the Benefits and Side Effects
Authors: de Camargo Júlio Benvenutti Bueno , Volpi Braz Tiago , Kemmler Wolfgang , Lopes Evangelista Alexandre , Sales Bocalini Danilo 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Whole-body electromyostimulation training (WB-EMS) has gained increasing popularity as a training method in recent years. This brief review aims to summarize the potential benefits and risks of WB-EMS in many different populations and purposes. The findings of this review suggest that WB-EMS is particularly effective for improving muscle mass and strength outcomes in untrained people. However, more high-quality studies are needed to determine its long-term effects and to optimize its use in different populations and training contexts. For general health-related parameters, WB-EMS may be a feasible and time-efficient exercise strategy combined with proper energy or protein intake throughout longer periods.
Properties and Emerging Applications of Ruthenium Nanoclusters
Authors: Kshatriya Vaibhavi Vijay , Kumbhare Manoj Ramesh , Jadhav Shraddha Vikas , Thorat Prajakta Jaywant , Bhambarge Rushikesh Gajanan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ruthenium nanoclusters have shown great promise as multifunctional nanomaterials in broad scientific and technological sectors. Owing to their distinct characteristics arising from their nanoscale size and tunable electrical configuration, ruthenium nanoclusters are highly useful in photocatalysis, biomedical, electronics, sensors, and energy storage applications. Ruthenium nanoclusters are an effective catalyst with remarkable activity and selectivity. Contact with reactants is facilitated by their large surface area. Size-dependent electronic characteristics enable ruthenium nanoclusters to detect gases and biomolecules with high sensitivity and selectivity. The creation of sophisticated materials for electronic devices, such as transistors, memory chips, and conductive coatings, is facilitated by ruthenium nanoclusters. These materials’ distinct electronic structures enable more effective and flexible electronic systems, and consequently improve device performance. Because of their stability and biocompatibility, ruthenium nanoclusters are used in the biomedical industry as drug delivery systems and imaging agents. Finally, ruthenium nanoclusters have shown photocatalytic efficiency in light-driven chemical processes, and thus may aid in solar energy conversion and environmental cleanup. Their roles in sustainable uses of solar energy may make these materials valuable for solving global problems.
Trends in the Development of Small Business in Russia and the Baikal Region in 2017–2023
Authors: Kolesnik Yuliya 
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the article is to consider modern, mainly quantitative, trends in the development of small business in two subjects of the Baikal region — the Republic of Buryatia and the Irkutsk region. At the same time, the current trends are compared with the all-Russian trends and key indicators that traditionally characterize the state of small business in developed countries, and with the target indicators of the Strategy for the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. As a result of the analysis of a number of absolute and relative indicators, conclusions are drawn about a rather specific modern picture of small business development in the regions under consideration against the background of such all-Russian trends as an increase in the number of small and microenterprises with a reduction in the number of employees employed in them, a decrease in the proportion of the number of employees of small enterprises in the total number of employed and an almost unchanged value of the contribution indicator small business in Russia's GDP. It can be seen that while maintaining such dynamics, it is impossible to achieve the target targets of the Strategy. At the same time, since its development, a significant number of negative external factors have appeared that affect the development of business, including small ones, which have caused the emergence of problems of a new nature. Consequently, we should not talk about the inefficiency of the measures taken by the state and other support for small businesses, but rather about the insufficiency of these measures and their untimely actualization within the framework of the impact of newly emerging negative environmental factors.
Coping Strategies of Pharmaceutical Employees During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vorontsova Evgeniya , Malakhaeva Svetlana 
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the study of coping strategies of pharmaceutical employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. The basis of the study is Farmgarant LLC, located in Angarsk, the respondents are a team of 30 people, aged 20 to 60 years, with higher and secondary pharmaceutical education, holding the position of pharmacist and pharmacist. In the sample structure, more than half of the respondents (60 %) are pharmacists. The study was conducted during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic from February to April 2021. 43.3 % of the total number of respondents experience an average level of stress. This means that most of the organization's employees cope with the stressful loads that come during the labor process, have a fairly strong ability to use coping strategies in the process of dealing with the coming difficulties of life. A third of respondents (33.33 %) have a low level of stress, which means that they fully cope with difficult life and professional situations, as well as fully adapted to incoming psychological and emotional stress during the working day. The remaining respondents (23.33 %) have a high level of stress and experience constant and severe psychological discomfort. The stress level directly correlates with such coping strategies as seeking social support (0.863 at p = 0.01), avoidance (0.751 at p = 0.01), confrontation (0.615 at p = 0.05), distancing (0.507 at p = 0.05), self-control (0.649 at p = 0.01), taking responsibility (0.605 at p = 0.01) and solution planning (0.524 at p = 0.05). An inverse correlation is observed between the stress level and coping strategies problem resolution (–0.568 at p = 0.05) and positive reassessment (–0.506 at p = 0.05).
Fine Shear-Wave Velocity Structures of Subsurface beneath the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area with Dense Seismic Array and SPAC Method
Authors: Pan QiAn , Shen Xuzhang , Ye Xiuwei , Wang Liwei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We apply the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method to construct the 3D subsurface shear-wave velocity structure model using the short-period dense seismic array (containing 725 nodal geophones) located at the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay area (GBA). We first divided the dense array into numerous subarrays, with each subarray consisting of nine nodal geophones, and obtained 562 subarrays that can provide 1D VS profiles of the same quantity. Then, the SPAC method and genetic algorithm are utilized to extract the dispersion curve of the Rayleigh wave from the raw microtremor data and invert VS structure, respectively. Finally, a 3D VS structure model from the surface to 3.3 km depth is derived by combining all 1D VS structures. Relatively low-velocity anomalies above 700 m are considered unconsolidated shallow sediments as well as relatively high-velocity anomalies beneath 1100 m are attributed to consolidated granite bedrock. Meanwhile, low-velocity anomalies that are identified through the vertical VS profile at a depth of about 900–3000 m can be contributed to the fractured zone, and striped low-velocity anomalies in the horizontal VS maps reveal the location of the deeply buried faults in the study area. The results also mean that the SPAC method combined with the records of short-period dense seismic array can be effectively applied to image subsurface structures in high-populated urban area. The development of this noise-resistance and environment-friendly geophysical technique provides a reliable and effective way to explore the complicated subsurface geological structures, which is of great significance to urban engineering construction and earthquake disaster reduction work in densely populated urban agglomerations.
Direct Dynamic Triggering Scenarios of the Southern San Andreas Fault by Moderate-Magnitude Cross-Fault Earthquakes in the Brawley Seismic Zone, California
Authors: Kyriakopoulos Christodoulos , Oglesby David D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Intersections between small faults and larger faults are ubiquitous throughout the world, including the strike-slip San Andreas system in southern California. In particular, orthogonal intersections may exist in the Brawley seismic zone (BSZ) in the Salton Sea region between small left-lateral strike-slip faults and the main southern San Andreas fault (SSAF). This area often experiences earthquake swarms, which poses the question of whether moderate earthquakes on these left-lateral cross faults (CFs) may propagate to the nearby SSAF, triggering a large, damaging event. To address this question, we present a collection of dynamic rupture scenarios describing the interaction of a representative CF intersecting the highly prestressed SSAF in the BSZ. Our models span a variety of CF earthquake rupture scenarios that vary in magnitude (Mw∼5.2–6.1), rupture depth, location, and directivity to test their potential to trigger the SSAF. We use our models to investigate how the above parameters play an interconnected role in developing ruptures that might trigger the SSAF. Our results highlight that adjacency to the SSAF and shallow rupture enhance the ability of moderate-size CF earthquakes to propagate onto the SSAF. We also show that earthquakes starting at the opposite edge of the CF from the intersection are less likely to trigger the SSAF unless they propagate over at least half of the CF length. Our experiments provide for the first time a benchmark of comparison and insights into rupture parameters that might control the initiation of a significant SSAF event from a smaller CF earthquake. They may also give insight into the general interactions of small faults with larger intersecting faults, such as in the case of the recent 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, earthquake.
DMLoc: Automatic Microseismic Locating Workflow Based on Deep Learning and Waveform Migration
Authors: Liu Yizhuo , Zheng Jing , Wang Ruijia , Peng Suping , Shen Shuaishuai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
During hydraulic fracturing, real-time acquisition of the spatiotemporal distribution of microseismic in the reservoir is essential in evaluating the risk of induced seismicity and optimizing injection parameters. By integrating deep learning with migration-based location methods, we develop an automatic microseismic locating workflow (named DMLoc). DMLoc applies deep learning to automate phase picking and leverage the phase arrival probability function generated by a convolutional network as the input for waveform migration. The proposed workflow is first applied to the continuous data of the Dawson-Septimus area. Compared with a reference catalog generated by the SeisComP3 software, our method automatically locates 57 additional seismic events (accounting for 43% of the events in the obtained catalog). We further evaluate the performance of DMLoc by applying it to a 35-day continuous microseismic dataset from the Tony Creek Dual Microseismic Experiment. The spatiotemporal distribution of our detected events is consistent with results reported in prior catalogs, demonstrating the effectiveness of our method. In contrast to using raw microseismic records for stacking, DMLoc addresses the issue of inaccurate locating caused by low signal-to-noise ratios and polarity changes. The use of GPUs has substantially accelerated the calculations and enabled DMLoc to output locating results in minutes. This fast and efficient metric could be easily extended to any microseismic monitoring scenario that requires (near) real-time locations and assists in site-based risk mitigation and industrial operation optimization.
Illuminating Urban Near-Surface with Distributed Acoustic Sensing Multimodal Noise Surface-Wave Imaging
Authors: Lei Yuhang , Wang Baoshan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Urban subsurface exploration requires high spatial and temporal resolution, cost-effective operation, and minimal interference with urban activities. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS)—an innovative seismic observation tool—emerges as a promising solution for urban surveys. In this study, we repurposed a 7.9 km telecommunication cable traversing Hefei into a seismic observation array with 3850 channels spaced at 2 m intervals. Noise cross-correlation functions (NCFs) were constructed from recordings by iDAS2 and ZD-DAS interrogators along the entire cable. Spatial variation in the NCFs was observed and attributed to different traffic conditions. Employing the recently developed modified frequency–Bessel transform method to NCFs from the 2 km southern subsection of the optic cable, we extracted broadband, high-resolution multimodal dispersion curves. The inverted near-surface structure beneath the cable unveiled a sediment thinning trend from the center to the periphery of the Hefei basin, consistent with borehole inspections. The three-station interferometry (C3) method and beamforming with the Bessel kernel function are applied to mitigate challenges arising from the weak coupling between the cable and the Earth, as well as persistent localized noise sources. These techniques facilitated the acquisition of broadband surface waves. Distinct secondary scatters are observed in NCFs near channels 2090 and 2287, accompanied by a substantial velocity contrast of 30%–40%, suggesting the existence of a blind fault. The study reaffirms the significant potential of DAS arrays for high-resolution imaging of subsurface structures in challenging urban environments, emphasizing the importance of advanced processing techniques to enhance imaging accuracy and robustness.
Hospital safety index: evaluation of the readiness and safety of hospitals in Isfahan province, Iran
Authors: Heydari Farhad , Meibody Azita Azimi , Ebrahimi Mehdi , Zakeri Rezvan , Ahmadi Marzaleh Milad , Bagheri Razieh 
Published: May 2024

Objective: Hospitals play a vital role in disaster management and their function must be maintained during crises. Isfahan province is susceptible to major crises and disasters at any time of the year. The study aimed to investigate the hospital safety index (HSI) in hospitals in Isfahan province.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using the HSI questionnaire of the world health organization. The safety of all 55 hospitals in Isfahan province was evaluated with the Persian version of the questionnaire from 2017 to 2022. In this study, all hospitals were evaluated by a group of experts from the emergency operations center (EOC) of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, and the checklists were completed with the cooperation of the hospital disaster committee, visiting the hospitals, and interviewing the personnel.
Results: The safety level of hospitals has improved from 2017 to 2022 so in 2022, 38 hospitals (69.09%) had a high safety level, and 17 hospitals (30.91%) had a medium safety level. This increase in safety has happened in all three components of safety (functional, non-structural, and structural safety). There was no significant difference in the overall hospital safety score between academic-educational, non-academic governmental, social security and military, and private and charity hospitals (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Although the safety in the hospitals of Isfahan province has improved due to the continuous disaster prevention and preparedness activities, hospitals still need to improve to achieve higher levels of safety. The HSI shows how well a hospital can maintain its organization and performance during disasters. This index will be useful for decision-making and policy-making to prioritize administrative and civil interventions.
Perspectivas conceituais e dialéticas sobre a periferia urbana
Authors: Silva Ivamauro Ailton de Sousa , Cardoso João Carlos dos Santos , Salgado Mayany Soares 
Published: May 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma discussão conceitual sobre o tema periferia urbana por meio de distintas abordagens difundidas pelas bases teóricas. A metodologia se centra na revisão bibliográfica para análise conceitual. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que o conceito de periferia, estabelece o diálogo com diferentes áreas do conhecimento e constitui abordagens ancoradas em diferentes proposições da ciência geográfica, das humanidades e das ciências sociais: localização, analogias, diferenciação, lugar, território, identidades, memórias e paisagem. Constatou-se, que o desenvolvimento de pesquisas atuais, promoveu dialéticas e ressignificações sobre o conceito de periferia, revelando que a centralidade e o distanciamento “espacial e geométrico” não é mais determinante na definição de periferia. O trabalho de forma abrangente destaca abordagens conceituais e análises discursivas relevantes para o entendimento das espacialidades urbanas e para o debate contemporâneo sobre as representações sociais edificadas nas periferias.