bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial Nerve Neurorrhaphy and the Effects of Glucocorticoids in a Rat Model
Authors: Seth Rahul , Revenaugh Peter C. , Kaltenbach James A. , Rajasekaran Karthik , Meltzer Noah E. , Ghosh Debabrata , Alam Daniel S. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveAfter nerve injury, an exaggerated neuroinflammatory process may hinder neuron regeneration and recovery. Immunomodulation using glucocorticoids may therefore improve facial nerve injury outcomes. This study aims to examine the effect of both local and systemic dexamethasone administration on facial nerve functional recovery after axotomy in a rat model.Study DesignRandomized, placebo‐controlled, blinded animal study.SettingAnimal laboratory.Subjects and MethodsSeventy‐four Wistar rats underwent facial nerve axotomy with immediate neurorrhaphy. Rats were randomly assigned a postoperative group: control (no therapy); systemic dexamethasone 0.5, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg for 3 administrations; or topically applied dexamethasone at 2 or 4 mg/mL. Blinded, standardized facial assessments and nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed. Gross facial motion assessments were corroborated with vibrissae frequency video analysis.ResultsAt 8 weeks, rats receiving systemic dexamethasone at 5 mg/kg attained greater eye blink closure (P =. 004) and vibrissae motion (P =. 012) compared with controls. Systemic dexamethasone at 0.5, 1, and 10 mg/kg and intraoperative topical application of dexamethasone at 2 or 4 mg/mL did not produce a significant improvement in facial motion compared with controls. Nerve conduction studies show a trend of increased return of compound muscle action potential amplitude levels compared with baseline among rats that received systemic dexamethasone 5 mg/kg but do not achieve statistical significance.ConclusionIn a rat facial nerve axotomy model, high‐dose systemic dexamethasone therapy may improve functional recovery when administered in the immediate period following neurorrhaphy.
BRCA2 Variants and cardiovascular disease in a multi-ethnic study
Authors: Zbuk Kevin , Xie Changchun , Young Robin , Heydarpour Mahyar , Pare Guillaume , Davis A Darlene , Miller Ruby , Lanktree Matthew B , Saleheen Danish , Danesh John , Yusuf Salim , Engert James C , Hegele Robert A , Anand Sonia S 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundGermline mutations ofBRCA1/2are associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Recent data suggests excess mortality in mutation carriers beyond that conferred by neoplasia, and recentin vivoandin vitrostudies suggest a modulatory role for BRCA proteins in endothelial and cardiomyocyte function. We therefore tested the association ofBRCA2variants with clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsUsing data from 1,170 individuals included in two multi-ethnic population-based studies (SHARE and SHARE-AP), the association betweenBRCA2variants and CVD was evaluated. 15 SNPs inBRCA2with minor allele frequencies(MAF) > 0.01had been previously genotyped using the cardiovascular gene-centric 50 k SNP array. 115 individuals (9.8%) reported a CVD event, defined as myocardial infarction (MI), angina, silent MI, stroke, and angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery. Analyses were adjusted for age and sex. The SNPs rs11571836 and rs1799943 were subsequently genotyped using the MassARRAY platform in 1,045 cases of incident MI and 1,135 controls from the South Asian subset of an international case-control study of acute MI (INTERHEART), and rs11571836 was imputed in 4,686 cases and 4500 controls from the Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study (PROMIS).ResultsTwoBRCA2SNPs, rs11571836 and rs1799943, both located in untranslated regions, were associated with lower risk of CVD (OR 0.47 p = 0.01 and OR 0.56 p = 0.03 respectively) in the SHARE studies. Analysis by specific ethnicities demonstrated an association with CVD for both SNPs in Aboriginal People, and for rs11571836 only in South Asians. No association was observed in the European and Chinese subgroups. A non-significant trend towards an association between rs11571836 and lower risk of MI was observed in South Asians from INTERHEART [OR = 0.87 (95% CI: 0.75-1.01) p = 0.068], but was not evident in PROMIS [OR = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.90-1.03) p = 0.230]. Meta-analysis of both case-control studies resulted in a combined OR of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89-1.004, p = 0.06).ConclusionsAlthough there was an association between two SNPs inBRCA2and CVD in a multi-ethnic population, these results were not replicated in two South Asian case-control studies of incident MI. Future studies exploring the association betweenBRCAvariants and cardiovascular disorders are needed to clarify the role, if any, forBRCAvariants in CVD pathogenesis.
A novel vehicular location prediction based on mobility patterns for routing in urban VANET
Authors: Xue Guangtao , Luo Yuan , Yu Jiadi , Li Minglu 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Location information is crucial for most applications and protocol designs in high-speed vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). In traditional approaches, this is obtained by object tracking techniques that keep tracking the objects and publish the information to the users. In highly dynamic environments, however, these approaches are not efficient as the target objects in VANETs are typically vehicles that present high mobility. Their locations keep changing in a large range so that the tracking and information publication algorithms have to be frequently invoked to obtain the instant locations of the objects. To deal with this problem, we propose a novel approach based on the observation that in high-speed VANET environment, the target objects are strictly constrained by the road network. Their mobilities are well patterned and many patterns can clearly be identified. These patterns can smartly be leveraged so that a large amount of control overhead can be saved. Towards this end, in this article we adopt Variable-order Markov model to abstract Vehicular Mobility Pattern (VMP) from the real trace data in Shanghai. We leverage VMP for predicting the possible trajectories of moving vehicles which help to keep the timely effectiveness of the evolutional location information. To reveal the benefits of VMP, we propose a Prediction-based Soft Routing Protocol (PSR), taking VMP as an advantage. The experimental results show that PSR significantly outperforms existing solutions in terms of control packet overhead, packet delivery ratio, packet delivery delay. In certain scenarios, the control packet overhead can be saved by up to 90% compared with DSR, and 75% compared with WSR.
Positive solutions of higher-order nonlinear fractional differential equations with changing-sign measure
Authors: Wu Jianwu , Zhang Xinguang , Liu Lishan , Wu Yonghong 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
In this article, we consider the existence of positive solutions of the (n - 1, 1) conjugate-type nonlocal fractional differential equation

D

0
+

α

x

(

t

)

+
f

(

t
,

x

(

t

)

)

=
0
,

0
<
t
<
1
,

n
-
1
<
α
≤
n
,

x

(

k

)

(

0

)

=
0
,

0
≤
k
≤
n
-
2
,

x

(

1

)

=

∫

0

1

x

(

s

)

d
A

(

s

)

,

where α ≥ 2,

D

0
+

α

is the standard Riemann-Liouville derivative,

∫

0

1

x

(

s

)

d

A

(

s

)

is a linear functional given by the Stieltjes integral, A is a function of bounded variation, and dA may be a changing-sign measure, namely the value of the linear functional is not assumed to be positive for all positive x. By constructing upper and lower solutions, some sufficient conditions for the existence of positive solutions to the problem are established utilizing Schauder's fixed point theorem in the case in which the nonlinearities f(t, x) are allowed to have the singularities at t = 0 and (or) 1 and also at x = 0.

AMS (MOS) Subject Classification: 34B15; 34B25.
Visceral larva migrans associated with earthworm and gecko ingestion: a case report
Authors: Yu Tao , Zhao Li-Na , Fan Miao-Jing , Wu Huan , Chen Qi-Kui 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Visceral larva migrans is a syndrome caused by an infection with larval helminths, which may result in partial or general pathological changes in host tissues. Due to the difficulty in finding the causative parasites, the diagnosis of visceral larva migrans is generally based on compatible clinical signs, epidemic history, marked eosinophilia and pathological examination, especially positive serological test results and the disappearance of symptoms after specific treatment.

Case presentation
We report here the case of a 21-year-old Chinese man who, having ingested living earthworms and geckos at a witch’s suggestion, presented with fatigue and wordlessness lasting for one year along with elevated transaminase levels for one month. Clinical examination showed eosinophilia, elevated transaminase levels, nodular lesions in his liver and typical pathological characteristics of hepatic visceral larva migrans. After four courses of anthelmintic therapy, our patient presented with sustaining improvement of clinical manifestations and normalization of laboratory data.

Conclusions
Because of the difficulty in making a definite diagnosis, anthelmintic therapy should be performed in patients with a suspected diagnosis of visceral larva migrans based on their epidemic history and presence of typical manifestations, especially when the serological test results are negative. Furthermore, patients with severe parasite infection may require multiple anthelmintic therapies in order to eliminate the parasites.
Fatty liver in men is associated with high serum levels of small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Authors: Hosoyamada Kaori , Uto Hirofumi , Imamura Yasushi , Hiramine Yasunari , Toyokura Eriko , Hidaka Yoshihiro , Kuwahara Tomomi , Kusano Ken , Saito Kazuto , Oketani Makoto , Ido Akio , Tsubouchi Hirohito 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Aims
Our study addressed potential associations between fatty liver and small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) levels using a cross-sectional analysis.

Methods
We enrolled 476 male subjects. Serum sd-LDL-C concentrations were determined using precipitation assays.

Results
Subjects were divided into four groups based on triglyceride (TG) and LDL-C levels: A, TG < 150 mg/dl and LDL-C < 140 mg/dl; B, TG < 150 mg/dl and LDL-C ≥ 140 mg/dl; C, TG ≥ 150 mg/dl and LDL-C < 140 mg/dl; and D, TG ≥ 150 mg/dl and LDL-C ≥ 140 mg/dl. sd-LDL-C levels and the prevalence of fatty liver were significantly higher in groups B, C, and D than in group A. Subjects were also categorized into four groups based on serum sd-LDL-C levels; the prevalence of fatty liver significantly increased with increasing sd-LDL-C levels. Additionally, logistic regression analysis revealed an independent association between sd-LDL-C concentrations and fatty liver using such potential confounders as obesity and hyperglycemia as variables independent of elevated TG or LDL-C levels.

Conclusions
Fatty liver is a significant determinant of serum sd-LDL-C levels independent of the presence of obesity or hyperglycemia. Fatty liver may alter hepatic metabolism of TG and LDL-C, resulting in increased sd-LDL-C levels.
Treatment of glassfibre strands in polymer and silica fume dispersions to improve the ageing performance of glassfibre-reinforced cements
Authors: Bentur A. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis Glassfibre strands were immersed in polymer latex or silica fume dispersions before incorporating them in a cement matrix, in order to improve the ageing performance of the composite. These treatments always enhanced the performance, their effectiveness depending on the type of dispersion and fibre. In composites reinforced with alkali-resistant (AR) glass fibres, both dispersions were equally effective in eliminating almost any loss in strength during accelerated ageing, but the silica fume treatment was more effective in limiting the loss in toughness. The treatment of E glass fibres with polymer latex enhanced the ageing performance to levels better than those of untreated AR glassfibre reinforced composites, although the polymer did not completely eliminate chemical attack of the E glass. The influence of the two treatments is discussed in terms of their effectiveness in providing a barrier to chemical attack and their ability to preserve the flexibility of the reinforcing strands by slowing down or preventing enhanced fibre-matrix bond due to growth of hydration products around the filaments in the strand.
The mechanism and rate of attack of sodium sulphate solution on cement and cement/pfa pastes
Authors: Cabrera J. G. , Plowman C. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis A study of the mechanisms and rates of attack of a sodium sulphate solution on four ordinary Portland cement (OPC) pastes, and four OPC/pfa pastes is presented. Accelerated experiments were carried out on mortar cubes, and samples from different depths were analysed by X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The mechanism of attack was similar for the different cements: initial attack on the hydrated calcium aluminates produced AFt and AFm phases, and subsequent attack on calcium hydroxide resulted in the formation of gypsum. Incorporation ofpfa reduced the rate of attack, due to the finer pore size distribution of the paste, and the formation of Afm in preference to Aft. Subsequent attack on calcium hydroxide was greatly reduced.
Short-Term and Long-Term Clinical and Immunological Consequences of Stopping Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients with Preserved Immune Function
Authors: Imaz Arkaitz , Olmo Montserrat , Peñaranda Maria , Gutiérrez Félix , Romeu Joan , Larrousse Maria , Domingo Pere , Oteo José Antonio , Curto Jordi , Vilallonga Concepción , Masiá Mar , López-Aldeguer José , Iribarren José Antonio , Podzamczer Daniel ,   the STOPAR study team
Published: July 2012

Background The aim of this study was to assess the short-term and long-term consequences of stopping antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with preserved immune function. Methods This was a randomized 144-week follow-up CD4+ T-cell-count-guided treatment-interruption trial. HIV-1-infected adults with plasma HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/ ml, CD4+ T-cell count >500 cells/ml and nadir CD4+ T-cell count >100 cells/ml were randomized to continuous treatment (CT) or treatment interruption (TI) until CD4+ T-cell count decreased to <350 cells/ml. The primary end points were AIDS-defining illnesses, death, CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/ml, or virological failure after restarting ART. Results A total of 106 patients were included, 50 in the CT arm and 56 in the TI arm. A trend to a higher rate of primary end points was observed in the TI group (26.8% versus 14%, difference 12.8%, 95% CI -2.3, 27.8; P=0.105). In addition, 10 patients presented clinical events related with HIV rebound, including 8 cases of thrombocytopaenia. The CD4+ T-cell count significantly decreased in the TI group (even in patients with persistently high CD4+ T-cell counts and no clinical events) versus the CT group (median change -408 cells/ml versus -21.5 cells/ml; P<0.001), whereas a significant increase in CD8+ T-cell count was observed (256 cells/ml versus -59 cells/ml; P<0.001). The time to ART re-initiation was significantly associated with nadir and baseline CD4+ T-cell counts. Conclusions Discontinuation of ART in patients with preserved immune function is followed by significant immunological impairment even in those with no clinical events, and may be associated with an increased risk of HIV-related complications. Hence, patients who stop ART voluntarily should be closely monitored, regardless of their CD4+ T-cell count.
Villes européennes et crises financières XIV e -XVI e siècles
Authors: Sassu-Normand David 
Published: July 2012

Le but de l’introduction du présent dossier est triple : proposer un bilan historiographique en histoire économique et financière centré sur la fin du Moyen Âge et le début de la période moderne ; dégager par là-même les principales problématiques et directions de recherche en la matière ; et enfin présenter les résultats les plus importants des articles constituant le dossier. De tout ceci, il apparaît qu’une véritable cohérence unit les derniers siècles de la période médiévale aux Temps modernes, caractérisés par une véritable « économie d’Ancien Régime » (Jean-Yves Grenier), qui ne fonctionne pas de façon indépendante des pouvoirs politiques. Ces derniers, quelles que soient les zones géographiques étudiées, interviennent diversement sur les finances et l’économie, et la portée de ces interventions se mesure à l’aune de l’unité ou des fractures qui parcourent le corps social.
Entre l'Étranger et le Propre : le travail sur la lettre et le problème du lecteur
Authors: Lane-Mercier Gillian 
Published: July 2012

En règle générale, les théories néo-littérales du traduire affichent une « aversion » (Robinson) à l'égard du lecteur cible. Selon Berman, il faut lui refuser toute concession afin de donner à lire l'original dans toute son étrangeté. À partir de l'hypothèse selon laquelle un tel parti pris d'exclusion engendre deseffets-lecteurtout à fait particuliers, il s'agira de s'interroger sur la nature et la fonction de ces derniers, ainsi que sur les enjeux proprement lectoraux soulevés, pendant le processus traductionnel, par les concepts bermaniens d'étrangeté et de travail sur la lettre. Plus précisément, en se référant aux difficultés rencontrées par le GRETI lors de la retraduction littérale des passages en vernaculaire duHamletde Faulkner et aux stratégies mobilisées pour y parer, cet article vise à mieux éclairer les rapports dialogiques qui s'instaurent, au-delà des rapports texte/culture source et texte/culture d'arrivée, entre traducteur, texte traduit et public cible par le truchement de la mise en phase, au cours du travail sur la lettre, de lecteurs modèles et de positions de lecture spécifiques. Pour ce faire, il démontre 1) que le concept de l'étrangeté doit être pris en charge non seulement par une théorie du sujet traduisant, mais aussi par une théorie du lecteur du texte traduit; 2) qu'une telle prise en charge amène à repenser les rapports entre le Propre et l'Étranger, à relativiser les accusations d'élitisme culturel et de conservatisme politique dont les approches néo-littérales sont souvent l'objet et à dévoiler la visée argumentative qui sous-tend la double visée poétique et éthique du travail sur la lettre telle que Berman l'a définie.
Berman, étranger à lui-même?
Authors: Charron Marc 
Published: July 2012

Dans notre article, nous tentons d’illustrer la nature du fossé qui existe, chez Antoine Berman, entre la pratique du traducteur et le discours épistémologique du traductologue. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une analyse de plusieurs passages des premières pages de sa traduction française du roman d’Augusto Roa Bastos, Yo el Supremo, en fonction de principes traductologiques avancés par Berman lui-même dans deux essais parus au cours des années 80. Dans ces essais, Berman oppose le « polyfacétisme » propre au roman latino-américain aux « tendances antivernaculaires » qui caractérisent la prose française et qui compliquent la tâche de quiconque essaie de traduire vers le français une langue de départ dans laquelle l’oralité, le dialogisme et le vernaculaire dominent. Nous décrivons neuf des douze tendances dégagées par Berman et, à l’aide d’extraits tirés de sa traduction Moi le Suprême, montrons que « Berman le traducteur » n’a peut-être pas su mettre en pratique des principes dont « Berman le traductologue » avait pourtant conscience.
Avons-nous vraiment perdu la langue à l’étranger?
Authors: Nichanian Marc 
Published: July 2012

Le titre réfère, bien sûr, aux vers de Hölderlin, dans la seconde version du poème « Mnemosyne », telle qu'elle a été reconstituée en son temps par Rudolf Beissner. L'essai s'articule autour de trois approches : 1) la mise en évidence (et en question) du rôle dévolu à Hölderlin, comme le représentant par excellence du « traduire moderne », dans L'Épreuve de l'étranger d'Antoine Berman; 2) une tentative de répéter et d'évaluer l'interprétation heideggérienne des vers de Hölderlin, dont l'examen oblige à une relecture partielle et rapide du cours de 1942, Hölderlins Hymne des «Ister»; 3) un développement autour de la perte catastrophique de la langue à l'étranger, comprise à partir de l'expérience d'une langue qui ne traduit plus. L'essai culmine dans une interprétation du « presque » dans les vers cités de Hölderlin, qu'il faut traduire abusivement par un futur antérieur. Nous aurons perdu la langue. L'advenue (de la Catastrophe) ne se fait qu'à partir du futur. C'est le virement du temps chez Hölderlin. D'où aussi l'impératif du traduire à l'étranger pour qu'advienne ce qui n'a pas encore eu lieu. Le traduire moderne ne se comprend ainsi qu'à partir de la question hölderlinienne : comment traduire à l'étranger, dans la langue déjà presque perdue?
Glaciolacustrine sediments and Neoglacial history of the Chephren Lake basin, Banff National Park, Alberta
Authors: Dirszowsky Randy W. , Desloges Joseph R. 
Published: July 2012

Modern and historical sedimentation in Chephren Lake are examined in order to assess the relations between glacier activity, sediment production, and the lacustrine depositional record. Bottom sediment data and lake morphology indicate that sediments in the distal part of the lake primarily settled from suspension and that glaciers are the most important source. A 4.3 m core obtained from the distal sediments reveals that accumulation of fine, glacially-derived material has increased since at least 2 420 BP. Simple geochemical indicators reflect this and support regional evidence for progressive (though punctuated) climate deterioration through the Neoglacial period. Distinct rhythmite sequences (especially beginning ca. 3 460, 2 330, 1 470 and 530 BP) are thought to represent minor glacier retreats which help define separate phases of Neoglacial advance identified by previous workers. In contrast, increasing slope stability indicated by a reduction in graded sand and clast facies may be specific to slopes overlooking the coring site.
La valeur intrinsèque chez Brentano et Moore
Authors: Baldwin Thomas 
Published: July 2012

Dans Principia Ethica , Moore exprime son admiration pour les travaux de Brentano en éthique. Une comparaison entre Moore et Brentano révèle que leurs théories ont effectivement de nombreux points en commun. Mais ils sont en désaccord sur la métaphysique de la valeur intrinsèque. Moore adopte une position réaliste abstraite, alors que Brentano conçoit la valeur intrinsèque en faisant référence à l’« amour correct » : ce qui est bon est ce qui mérite l’amour correct. La position de Brentano présente de nombreux avantages comparativement à celle de Moore, mais elle soulève la question de savoir ce que c’est pour l’amour que d’être « correct ». Brentano s’appuie alors sur notre expérience, comparant notre expérience de certains jugements avec la correction de certains amours. Mais cette position semble aujourd’hui indéfendable. Je suggère de construire une autre analyse de l’« amour correct » qui s’appuie sur certains thèmes caractéristiques de Moore : sa « défense du sens commun » et sa thèse de la « survenance » du moral sur le naturel. Toutefois, je conclus qu’il est difficile de voir comment une telle analyse peut être complétée sans une compréhension de la fiabilité générale de nos sentiments, et qu’une telle analyse semble destinée à nous conduire en direction du naturalisme éthique, déjà refusé par Brentano.