bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Genetic Assessment of the Average Daily Gain and Kleiber Ratio in Chokla Sheep Grown in Semi-Arid Rajasthan, India
Authors: Choudhary Garima , Pannu Urmila , Nehara Manju , Narula Harvindra Kumar , Chopra Ashish , Poonia Narender Kumar 
Published: June 2024

This experiment was conducted to study the genetic assessment of growth efficient parameters viz. average daily gain and kleiber ratio of Chokla sheep by study various inheritable and non-hereditary factors. In order to conduct a thorough assessment of effectiveness of growth of a semi-arid environment for Chokla sheep, data on 6785 lambs born to 459 sires over a 47-years period (1974–2020) were gathered from the Institute of Central Sheep and Wool Research, Bichwal, Bikaner, Rajasthan. This data was used to determine the sire’s random effect and various determinate effects of birth year, season in which animal born, gender of lamb, and weight of ewe at lambing on the performance of these sheep. According to estimated least-squares averages, the average daily gains ADG1 (birth to weaning stage), ADG2 (weaning stage to 6 months of age), and ADG3 (6 months to 12 months of age) were, in order, 118.69±0.55 g day-1, 64.94±0.70 g day-1, and 30.60±0.49 g day-1. These values corresponded to Kleiber ratios KR1, KR2, and KR3, were 16.42±0.04, 6.79±0.06, and 2.69±0.06, respectively. In terms of sire, period of lambing, season of lambing, and sex of lamb, each factor was highly consequential (p<0.01) for every attribute under study. All age groupings showed that males were heavier than females. With the exception of ADG2 and ADG3, these traits significantly correlated with the ewe ‘s weight at lambing. In which every trait had a positive regression coefficient with the exception of KR2. It should be crucial to guide these significant factors to obtain higher growth performance of lambs for farm management. Significant effect of sire indicates presence of additive genetic variability among different traits by using that sires further enhancement possible in these traits.
An Efficient Synthesis of 3,3′,4,4′‐Tetrahydro‐4,4′‐bibenzo[e][1,3]oxazine‐2,2′‐dione Derivatives with the Aid of Low‐valent Titanium
Authors: Dou Guolan , Sun Fang , Zhao Xuan , Shi Daqing 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSynthesis of 3,3′,4,4′‐tetrahydro‐4,4′‐bibenzo[e][1,3]oxazine‐2,2′‐diones via reaction of salicylidendphenylhydrazone and triphosgene with the aid of low‐valent titanium reagent is described. This method has the advantages of accessible starting materials, good yields and short reaction time.
Association Between Weight and Risk of Crash-Related Injuries for Children in Child Restraints
Authors: Zonfrillo Mark R. , Elliott Michael R. , Flannagan Carol A. , Durbin Dennis R. 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the association between weight and the risk of injury in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) for children 1 through 8 years of age who were using child restraints.

METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional study of children 1 to 8 years of age in MVCs, in which cases from the National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System were used. Abbreviated Injury Scale scores of ≥2 indicated clinically significant injuries.

RESULTS:
The National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System study sample included 650 children 1 to 5 years of age in forward-facing child restraints who weighed 20 to 65 lb and 344 children 3 to 8 years of age in belt-positioning booster seats who weighed 30 to 100 lb. With adjustment for seating position, type of vehicle, direction of impact, crash severity, and vehicle model year, there was no association between absolute weight and clinically significant injuries in either age group (odds ratio: 1.17 [95% confidence interval: 0.96–1.42] for children 1–5 years of age in forward-facing child restraints and 1.22 [95% confidence interval: 0.96–1.55] for children 3–8 years of age in belt-positioning booster seats).

CONCLUSIONS:
The risk of clinically significant injuries was not associated with weight across a broad weight range in this sample of children in MVCs who were using child restraint systems. Parents should continue to restrain their children according to current recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Effect of Medium Acidity and Photostability of 3‐(4‐Dimethylamino‐phenyl)‐1‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐thiophen‐3‐yl)‐propenone (DDTP): A New Green Emitting Laser Dye
Authors: El‐Daly Samy A. , Asiri Abdullah M. , Khan Salman A. , Alamry Khalid A. , Hussein Mahmoud A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOn the line of a previous work on the spectral properties of some of heteroaryl chalcone, the effect of medium acidity and photoreactivity of 3‐(4‐dimethylamino‐phenyl)‐1‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐thiophen‐3‐yl)‐propenone (DDTP) has been investigated in dimethylformamide and in chloromethane solvents such as methylenechloride, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. The dye solution (ca. 5×10−4 mol·L−1 in DMF) gives a good laser emission in the range 470–560 nm with emission maximum at 515 nm upon pumping by nitrogen laser (λex=337.1 nm). The laser parameters such as gain coefficient (α), emission cross section (δe) and half life energy (E1/2) at maximum laser emission are also determined.
DFT/TDDFT Studies on the Electronic Structures and Spectral Properties of Carbazole‐based Blue Light‐emitting Dendrimers
Authors: Li Leijiao , Feng Jikang , Ren Aimin , Sun Chiachung 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide an in‐depth investigation of the electronic and optical properties of two series of carbazole‐based blue light‐emitting dendrimers, including 1–6 six oligomers. These materials show great potential for application in organic light‐emitting diodes as efficient blue‐light and red‐light emitting materials due to the tuning of the optical and electronic properties by the use of different electron donors (D) and electron acceptors (A). The geometric and electronic structures of these compounds in the ground state are calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and the ab initio HF, whereas the lowest singlet excited states were optimized by ab initio single excitation configuration interaction (CIS). All DFT calculations are performed using the B3LYP functional on 6‐31G* basis set. The outcomes show that the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs), lowest occupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs), energies gaps, ionization potentials, electron affinities and reorganization energies of each molecular are affected by different D and A moieties and different substitute positions.
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Catalyzed Oxidation of Aldehydes and Alcohols
Authors: Gowda Ravikumar R. , Chakraborty Debashis 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA variety of aromatic, aliphatic and conjugated aldehydes and alcohols were transformed to the corresponding carboxylic acids and ketones with a quantitative conversion in high yields with 70% t‐BuOOH solution in water in the presence of catalytic amounts of ceric ammonium nitrate [Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6] (CAN) under room temperature conditions. The scope of our catalytic system is applicable for a wide range of aromatic, conjugated and aliphatic substrates. These aldehydes were converted to the corresponding carboxylic acids in good isolated yields in reasonable times. This method possesses a wide range of capabilities since it can be used with other functional groups which may not tolerate oxidative conditions, involves fairly simple method for work‐up, exhibits chemoselectivity and proceeds under ambient conditions. The resulting products are obtained in good yields within reasonable time.
A Facile One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 5‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐4,7‐dihydro‐[1,2,4]‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives in Ionic Liquid
Authors: Li Tuanjie , Yao Changsheng , Lei Song , Yu Chenxia , Tu Shujiang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot synthesis of 5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐4,7‐dihydro‐7‐aryl‐[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives was performed via the reaction of aryl aldehyde, 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole and ethyl 4,4,4‐trifluoro‐3‐oxobutanoate or 4,4,4‐trifluoro‐1‐phenylbutane‐1,3‐dione in ionic liquid. This method has the advantages of short synthetic route, operational simplicities, mild reaction conditions, high yields and eco‐friendliness.
Rapid Determination of Metabolites in Bio‐fluid Samples by Raman Spectroscopy and Optimum Combinations of Chemometric Methods
Authors: Bian Xihui , Chen Da , Cai Wensheng , Grant Edward , Shao Xueguang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe application of Raman spectroscopic techniques combined with multivariate chemometrics signal processing promise new means for the rapid multidimensional analysis of metabolites non‐destructively, with little or no sample preparation and little sensitivity to water. However, Rayleigh scattering, fluorescence and uncontrolled variance present substantial challenges for the accurate quantitative analysis of metabolites at physiological levels in biologically varying samples. Effective strategies include the application of chemometrics pretreatments for reducing Raman spectral interference. However, the arbitrary application of individual or combined pretreatment procedures can significantly alter the outcome of a measurement, thereby complicating spectral analysis. This paper evaluates and compares six signal pretreatment methods for correcting the baseline variances, together with three variable selection methods for eliminating uninformative variables, all within the context of multivariate calibration models based on partial least squares (PLS) regression. Raman spectra of 90 artificial bio‐fluid samples with eight urine metabolites at near‐physiological concentrations were used to test these models. The combination of multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), continuous wavelet transform (CWT), randomization test (RT) and PLS modeling presented the best performance for all the metabolites. The correlation coefficient (R) between predicted and prepared concentration reached as high as 0.96.
EFFECTS OF LAND USE ON SOIL MOISTURE VARIATIONS IN A SEMI‐ARID CATCHMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR LAND AND AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT
Authors: Gao X. , Wu P. , Zhao X. , Wang J. , Shi Y. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTKnowledge of the effects of land use on soil moisture variations is necessary to improve land and agricultural water management in the semi‐arid Chinese Loess Plateau. However, previous studies are insufficient to guide management practice in this area and improvement is needed to help with the development of the ‘Grain for Green’ programme. As part of the ‘Grain for Green’ programme, we examined the effects of five land uses (fallow, grassland, cropland, 3‐year and 8‐year jujube orchards) on soil water variations in a small catchment on the Loess Plateau. Soil moisture at 0–160 cm depth was monitored approximately weekly at 47 sites from 17 August to 19 October 2009 and from 4 April to 27 September 2010 using a portable time domain reflectometer. Results indicated that mean soil water profiles in different land uses varied with time, land use induced spatial variations of soil water but exerted negligible influence on soil water temporal patterns, and soil water content was of the greatest spatial variability with moderate means (approximately 20 per cent). Furthermore, the relationship between standard deviation and mean water content was dependent on soil depth, although it was negligibly affected by land use. Profile soil water for five land uses was different in various seasons, precipitation infiltration depth exhibited a positive correlation with precipitation, and the whole profile soil moisture (0–160 cm) was complemented following a 93·5‐mm rainfall event. The findings presented here provide helpful information for land and agricultural water management in this area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of teacher practices based on text transcripts of teacher speech using a support vector machine algorithm
Authors: Araya Roberto , Plana Francisco , Dartnell Pablo , Soto‐Andrade Jorge , Luci Gina , Salinas Elena , Araya Marylen 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTeacher practice is normally assessed by observers who watch classes or videos of classes. Here, we analyse an alternative strategy that uses text transcripts and a support vector machine classifier. For each one of the 710 videos of mathematics classes from the 2005 Chilean National Teacher Assessment Programme, a single 4‐minute slice was selected randomly and manually transcribed. The texts were then rated by two mathematicians and two teachers on the basis of the presence/absence of eight categories of contents and 12 categories of teacher practices. Then for each rater and category a classifier was built using a support vector machine algorithm trained with his/her ratings on a subset of texts. The agreements between the classifiers and the corresponding raters computed for texts belonging to an independent subset were better than the agreements between the raters. Next, we trained classifiers by using ratings created by raters who watched the videos rather than analysing the transcripts. Again, the agreements between classifiers and the raters were satisfactory. Given that class assessment can be an extremely slow, error prone and tedious process, the proposed automatic classifier scheme could be a promising alternative for monitoring classes and building online performance support system of teacher practices.Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic
High importance of monitoring teacher practices in order to improve teaching.
Monitoring is currently performed by trained raters, but it is an infrequent, tedious and laborious task, prone to biases and errors.
What this paper adds
A vector support machine algorithm to build automatic raters with high agreement with human experts.
A systematic method to quantify contents actually covered and strategies used in class.
Tool that can be implemented in order to give continuous and immediate feedback to the teacher.
Implications for practice and/or policy
Computer methods can be used to construct personal and confident auto‐support performance support system for improving teacher practices, avoiding the natural fear for evaluation by third parties.
Computerised methods can be strategic tools to help improve quality of teaching.
Vitiligo patients from India (Mumbai) show differences in clinical, demographic and autoantibody profiles compared to patients in western countries
Authors: Pradhan V. , Patwardhan M. , Thakkar V. , Kharkar V. , Khopkar U. , Ghosh K. , Weetman A.P. , Gawkrodger D.J. , Kemp E.H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  Vitiligo is a common, idiopathic skin disorder characterized by depigmented skin due to the loss of cutaneous melanocytes. Several studies have reported the clinical and demographic characteristics of Indian vitiligo patients, however, none has characterized their antibody profiles.Objective  To establish the clinical, demographic and serological details of a population of vitiligo patients from Mumbai, India, and to evaluate the data for any associations between clinical presentations and the occurrence of antibody responses.Methods  Vitiligo patients (n = 79) were recruited to the study and their clinical and demographic details recorded. Serum antibodies, including those against melanocyte‐specific antigens, thyroid antigens and keratinocytes, were evaluated.Results  The prevalence of vitiligo was independent of sex, and non‐segmental vitiligo was the most common form of the disease occurring in 65% of the patients. Patients with segmental vitiligo (mean age = 14.4 ± 4.6 years) presented at a younger age than those with non‐segmental disease (mean age = 32.5 ± 17.8 years). Personal and family histories of other autoimmune diseases occurred in 3% and 8% of patients, respectively. Antibodies were detected against tyrosinase, tyrosine hydroxylase, thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin and keratinocytes at frequencies of 11%, 22%, 18%, 24% and 27%, respectively. Overall, antibodies were more common in patients with non‐segmental vitiligo (50–67%) than in those with segmental disease (0–17%), and were detected more frequently in patients with shorter disease durations (<10 years).Conclusion  Our study provides novel information relative to the clinical details, demographic features and serological parameters of a population of vitiligo patients from Mumbai, India. Important distinctions from similar surveys conducted in European patients were evident such as an infrequency of family history, a low prevalence of clinical autoimmune disease, and an absence of particular antibody specificities. These differences may have a bearing on the pathogenesis and course of the disease in Indian patients.
Thromboelastography in equine medicine: Technique and use in clinical research
Authors: Mendez‐Angulo J. L. , Mudge M. C. , Couto C. G. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThromboelastography (TEG) is a viscoelastic, whole blood‐based assay that integrates information from both the cellular and soluble components of coagulation, providing a global evaluation of the haemostatic system. This contrasts with the conventional coagulation assays (i.e. platelet count, prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT] and fibrinogen concentration [FIB]), which only provide information about one component (e.g. clotting factors in the case of PT and aPTT) of the haemostatic process, requiring the combination of several assays for a complete evaluation of haemostasis. Thromboelastography is an old technology that has been used in human medicine for over 50 years. However, it is relatively new in veterinary medicine and has only been applied to horses in the last 5 years. Clinical applications in human medicine include diagnosis and monitoring of coagulopathies. Currently, extensive research is being carried out to expand the use of TEG in dogs and cats. Therefore, it is expected that the use of this technique will also further expand in horses in the near future. To date, the available studies in the equine species have evaluated TEG in healthy horses, horses with gastrointestinal disease, septic foals, horses with exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) and a filly with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. The main objective of this review is to introduce the TEG technique to equine clinicians, providing information on how the TEG functions, blood sample collection and processing, variables measured and their interpretations, normal reference values and areas of potential clinical application.
4D Cone‐beam CT reconstruction using a motion model based on principal component analysis
Authors: Staub David , Docef Alen , Brock Robert S. , Vaman Constantin , Murphy Martin J. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose:To provide a proof of concept validation of a novel 4D cone‐beam CT (4DCBCT) reconstruction algorithm and to determine the best methods to train and optimize the algorithm.Methods:The algorithm animates a patient fan‐beam CT (FBCT) with a patient specific parametric motion model in order to generate a time series of deformed CTs (the reconstructed 4DCBCT) that track the motion of the patient anatomy on a voxel by voxel scale. The motion model is constrained by requiring that projections cast through the deformed CT time series match the projections of the raw patient 4DCBCT. The motion model uses a basis of eigenvectors that are generated via principal component analysis (PCA) of a training set of displacement vector fields (DVFs) that approximate patient motion. The eigenvectors are weighted by a parameterized function of the patient breathing trace recorded during 4DCBCT. The algorithm is demonstrated and tested via numerical simulation.Results:The algorithm is shown to produce accurate reconstruction results for the most complicated simulated motion, in which voxels move with a pseudo‐periodic pattern and relative phase shifts exist between voxels. The tests show that principal component eigenvectors trained on DVFs from a novel 2D/3D registration method give substantially better results than eigenvectors trained on DVFs obtained by conventionally registering 4DCBCT phases reconstructed via filtered backprojection.Conclusions:Proof of concept testing has validated the 4DCBCT reconstruction approach for the types of simulated data considered. In addition, the authors found the 2D/3D registration approach to be our best choice for generating the DVF training set, and the Nelder‐Mead simplex algorithm the most robust optimization routine.
Professionalizing Capoeira
Authors: Wesolowski Katya 
Published: November 2011

The global expansion of capoeira has radically transformed the practice and reach of the Afro-Brazilian fight/dance/game known as capoeira. Once a weapon of the weak, informally learned by male slaves on the streets and outlawed by Brazilian authorities, capoeira today is taught to men, women, and children in schools, health clubs, dance studios, and community centers throughout Brazil and around the world. Accompanying the global commodification and consumption of capoeira as an exotic, hip, multicultural activity is a trend within Brazil to professionalize its teaching. Recent debates around the institutionalization of capoeira offer a revealing window onto the contradictions of nationalism, citizenship, and democracy in Brazil. While the increased emphasis on pedagogy and professionalism is transforming the actual “play” of capoeira, the practice remains, albeit in new ways, a mobilizing agent in the struggle against social inequalities and uneven citizenship in Brazil. A expansão mundial da capoeira transformou de uma maneira radical a prática e o alcance dessa luta/dança/jogo afro-brasileiro. Antigamente uma arma dos fracos, aprendida pelos escravos nas ruas e banida pelas autoridades, a capoeira de hoje é ensinada a homens, mulheres e crianças em escolas, academia de ginática, estúdios de dança e centros comunitários em todo o país e no mundo inteiro. Junto com a comercialização e consumo da capoeira em escala global como uma atividade exótica, estilosa e multicultural, verifica-se no Brasil uma tendència de profissionizalão do seu ensino. Os debates recentes sobre a institucionalização da capoeira nos oferecem uma perspectiva reveladora das contradições do nacionalismo, da cidadania e da democracia no Brasil. Enquanto a ênfase cada vez maior na pedagogia e na profissionização vem transformando o “jogo” real da capoeira, sua prática continua sendo, ainda que revestida de novas formas, um agente mobilizador na luta contra as desigualdades sociais e os desniveis de cidadania no Brasil.