bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of star clusters with tangentially anisotropic velocity distribution
Authors: Pavlík Václav , Heggie Douglas C. , Varri Anna Lisa , Vesperini Enrico 
Published: June 2024

Context. Recent high-precision observations with HST and Gaia enabled new investigations of the internal kinematics of star clusters (SCs) and the dependence of kinematic properties on the stellar mass. These studies raised new questions about the dynamical evolution of self-gravitating stellar systems.
Aims. We aim to develop a more complete theoretical understanding of how the various kinematical properties of stars affect the global dynamical development of their host SCs.
Methods. We perform N-body simulations of globular clusters with isotropic, radially anisotropic, and tangentially anisotropic initial velocity distributions. We also study the effect of an external Galactic tidal field.
Results. We obtain three main results. First, compared to the conventional, isotropic case, the relaxation processes are accelerated in the tangentially anisotropic models and, in agreement with our previous investigations, are slower in the radially anisotropic ones. This leads to, for example, more rapid mass segregation in the central regions of the tangential models or their earlier core collapse. Second, although all SCs become isotropic in the inner regions after several relaxation times, we observe differences in the anisotropy profile evolution in the outer cluster regions – all tidally filling models gain tangential anisotropy there, while the underfilling models become radially anisotropic. Third, we observe different rates of evolution towards energy equipartition (EEP). While all SCs evolve towards EEP in their inner regions (regardless of the filling factor), the outer regions of the tangentially anisotropic and isotropic models are evolving to an ‘inverted’ EEP (i.e. with the high-mass stars having higher velocity dispersion than the low-mass ones). The extent (both spatial and temporal) of this inversion can be attributed to the initial velocity anisotropy – it grows with increasing tangential anisotropy and decreases as the radial anisotropy rises.
Cannabigerol and Cannabicyclol Block SARS-CoV-2 Cell Fusion
Authors: Classen Nica , Pitakbut Thanet , Schöfbänker Michael , Kühn Joachim , Hrincius Eike R. , Ludwig Stephan , Hensel Andreas , Kayser Oliver 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe search for new active substances against SARS-CoV-2 is still a central challenge after the COVID-19 pandemic. Antiviral agents to complement vaccination are an important pillar in the clinical situation. Selected cannabinoids such as cannabigerol, cannabicyclol, cannabichromene, and cannabicitran from Cannabis sativa and synthetic homologues of cannabigerol and cannabicyclol were evaluated for effects on the cell viability of Vero cells (CC50 of cannabigerol and cannabicyclol 40 resp. 38 µM) and reduced virus entry of vesicular stomatitis pseudotyped viruses with surface-expressed SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at 20 µM. In addition to a reduction of pseudotyped virus entry, a titer reduction assay on Vero cells after preincubation of Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 significantly confirmed antiviral activity. Investigations on the molecular targets addressed by cannabigerol and cannabicyclol indicated that both compounds are inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated
membrane fusion, as could be shown by a virus-free reporter fusion inhibition assay (EC50 for cannabigerol 5.5 µM and for cannabicyclol 10.8 µM) and by monitoring syncytia formation in Vero reporter cells. Selectivity indices were calculated as 7.4 for cannabigerol and 3.5 for cannabicyclol. Systematic semisynthetic alterations of cannabigerol and cannabicyclol indicated that the side chains of both compounds do not contribute to the observed anti-membrane fusion activity.
Onkologische Erkrankung und Verleugnung einer Schwangerschaft:
Psychologische Begleitung und interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit
Authors: Götz Tanja , Stepan Holger , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Lehmann-Laue Antje 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungIn der folgenden Kasuistik wurde während der Diagnosestellung einer onkologischen
Erkrankung eine verleugnete, fortgeschrittene Schwangerschaft entdeckt.
Angesichts der Lebensbedrohung drängte die Patientin auf einen
Schwangerschaftsabbruch und wurde in der psychologischen Beratung vorgestellt,
um eine tragbare und ethisch vertretbare Lösung zu finden. Strategien zur
Krisenintervention und supportive Vorgehensweisen in der Begleitung der
Patientin sowie die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit werden vorgestellt und
diskutiert.
Synthesis of Methyl 2-[Bis(benzylthio)phosphoryl]acetate as a Novel Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons-Type Reagent and Its Application to the Diastereodivergent Synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-α,β-Unsaturated Esters
Authors: Sano Shigeki , Yamada Shoki , Ihara Takahito , Seki Kazumasa , Kitaike Syuji , Nakao Michiyasu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMethyl 2-[bis(benzylthio)phosphoryl]acetate has proven to be an efficient Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE)-type reagent for the diastereodivergent synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-α,β-unsaturated esters. Under the conditions of excess NaHMDS relative to the HWE-type reagent, the HWE-type reactions of methyl 2-[bis(benzylthio)phosphoryl]acetate with various aldehydes afforded the corresponding α,β-unsaturated esters in an E-selective manner in up to 100:0 E/Z ratio. However, when an excess of the HWE-type reagent was used relative to NaHMDS, the stereoselectivity of the HWE-type reactions was dramatically changed from E to Z, yielding an E/Z ratio of up to 2:98.
Earth-Abundant Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of 1-Bromocyclobut-1-enes with Grignard Reagents
Authors: Cossy Janine , Yasukawa Tomohiro , Håheim Katja S. , Boutet Julien , Gilles Pierre , Martin Juliette 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCross-coupling reactions have been developed between C2-substituted 1-bromocyclobut-1-enes and Grignard reagents using two effective catalysts, e.g., Fe(acac)3 and Ni(acac)2. The iron catalyst works in THF but requires NMP as the co-solvent, with the advantage of achieving cross-coupling reactions with alkyl Grignard reagents. The nickel catalyst was able to promote the reactions in THF without any additive and showed high reactivity with electron-rich aryl Grignard reagents. These catalysts gave various types of substituted cyclobutenes in good yields.
COVID-19 and persistence in the stock market: a study on a leading emerging market
Authors: Bhattacharjee Anindita , Nandy Monomita , Lodh Suman 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we examine how sectors of the National Stock Exchange from India respond to the uncertainties introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic. By examining the synchronization between the sector-specific and overall market index (NIFTY 50) reaction to COVID-19, we contribute to the inconclusive ongoing academic literature regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the stock market, especially in the context of persistence in an emerging market. To analyze the persistence of sectoral indices, we apply multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA). We use the generalized Hurst exponent and singularity spectrum as indicators for persistence and spectral width as a measure of volatility. Our analysis shows that the sample sectoral indices are persistent before and after the announcement of COVID-19; however, volatility in some sectors reduces post-announcement of COVID-19. The findings will enrich the academic literature on the relationship between sector-specific and overall market indexes. In practice, the paper will guide investors to organize their portfolios, especially during future economic uncertainty.
Unified in remembrance: reflections on collective war commemoration by war-affected immigrants in the Netherlands
Authors: Mitima-Verloop Huibertha B. , Boelen Paul A. , Moerbeek Saskia , Tames Ismee , Mooren Trudy T. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDecades after World War II, major commemorations are still organised to collectively remember this war. Aiming for inclusive societies, the perspectives of immigrants with different war experiences are important to be heard in relation to these commemorations. Research reveals that commemorations can kindle difficult emotions such as sadness and bring distressing memories to the fore. Concurrently, psychosocial factors such as societal support and meaning making may buffer the emotional distress and contribute to a beneficial impact. It is not well known how this applies to immigrants. The present study explores how war-affected immigrants in the Netherlands relate to the Dutch Remembrance Day. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 war-affected immigrants from 8 different countries (including countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America). Qualitative analyses revealed that participants experienced multiple and mixed emotions during the Dutch Remembrance Day, including sadness, longing, and gratitude. Memories about own war experiences and losses often arose, of which the impact varied from distress to relief. The context of war in participants’ countries of origin, such as ongoing conflict or a contested history, often hindered commemoration of these wars. Through the Dutch commemoration, most war-affected immigrants experienced social connectedness and openness for (emotional) expression which contributed to dealing with their past experiences. Insights from this study may guide counsellors working with war-affected immigrants and help societies to organise optimally appealing commemorations within an inclusive society.
Onset of spin entanglement in doped carbon nanotubes studied by EPR
Authors: Sperlich Andreas , Eckstein Klaus H. , Oberndorfer Florian , Sturdza Bernd K. , Auth Michael , Dyakonov Vladimir , Mitric Roland , Hertel Tobias 
Published: June 2024

Nanoscale semiconductors with isolated spin impurities have been touted as promising materials for their potential use at the intersection of quantum, spin, and information technologies. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of spins in semiconducting carbon nanotubes have overwhelmingly focused on spins more strongly localized by sp3-type lattice defects. However, the creation of such impurities is irreversible and requires specific reactions to generate them. Shallow charge impurities, on the other hand, are more readily and widely produced by simple redox chemistry, but have not yet been investigated for their spin properties. Here, we use EPR to study p-doped (6,5) semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) and elucidate the role of impurity–impurity interactions in conjunction with exchange and correlation effects for the spin behavior of this material. A quantitative comparison of the EPR signals with phenomenological modeling combined with configuration interaction electronic structure calculations of impurity pairs shows that orbital overlap, combined with exchange and correlation effects, causes the EPR signal to disappear due to spin entanglement for doping levels corresponding to impurity spacings of 14 nm (at 30 K). This transition is predicted to shift to higher doping levels with increasing temperature and to lower levels with increasing screening, providing an opportunity for improved spin control in doped s-SWNTs.
On the rearrangement and dissociation mechanism of SiH4+ in its triply-degenerate ground state
Authors: Mondal T. , Varandas A. J. C. 
Published: June 2024

An ab initio molecular orbital study has been performed to explore the structural rearrangement and dissociation of SiH4+ radical cation at the X̃2T2 ground electronic state. All stationary points located on the lowest adiabatic sheet of Jahn–Teller (JT) split X̃2T2 state are fully optimized and characterized by performing harmonic vibrational frequency calculations. The structural rearrangement is predicted to start with JT distortions involving the doubly-degenerate (e) and triply-degenerate (t2) modes. The e mode reduces the initial Td symmetry of the SiH4+ ground state to a D2d saddle point, which eventually dissociates into the SiH3+(2A1) + H products via C3v local minimum. In turn, an e-type bending of αH-Si-H yields the SiH2+(2A1) + H2 products through the first C3v local minimum and then the Cs(2A′) global minimum. In the alternative pathway, the t2 mode distorts the initial Td symmetry into a loosely bound C3v local minimum, which further dissociates into the SiH3+(2A1) + H asymptote via totally symmetric Si–H stretching mode, and SiH2+(2A1) + H2 products via H–Si–H bending (e) mode through the Cs(2A′) global minimum. It is further predicted that the Cs global minimum interconverts equivalent structures via a C2v transition structure. In addition, the two dissociation products are found to be connected by a second C2v transition structure.
Can simple, on-ground vegetation and soil measures reliably indicate the health of rangelands? An application in Australia’s semi-arid woodlands
Authors: Ludwig John A. , Tongway David J. , Hindley Norman 
Published: June 2024

Sustainably managing grazing lands is aided by monitoring and responding to simple and reliable indicators of how well the vegetation and soils of these landscapes are functioning to capture scarce resources such as water and nutrients. Indicators are needed because direct measurement of resource capture is time consuming and costly. Our aim was to assess how simple measures of vegetation patch cover and size, and soil surface condition, would apply to patchy (run-on/run-off) semi-arid landscapes being grazed at different intensities. We used the grazing gradient design where distance from water serves as a surrogate for grazing intensity, which is a combination of herbage consumption and trampling. From 0.5 to 8.9 km distance from water, we measured vegetation and soil indicators of landscape function on 12 sites, six along a grazing gradient in a mulga (Acacia aneura) woodland and six in a gidgee (Acacia cambagei) woodland. We found the size of tree groves, at both mulga and gidgee sites, declined near water, indicating a loss in the capacity of these groves to capture mobile resources in run-off. Enhancing this capacity at sites in ‘good’ rangeland condition was the presence of a thick band of grass upslope of tree groves. The number of soil erosion features (rills) was also a reliable indicator of landscape function at both gidgee and mulga sites. Soil surface condition indices of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling had no detectable trends with distance from water at gidgee and mulga sites, but these three indicator values were always significantly higher within groves than inter-groves, confirming the important role of maintaining healthy groves of trees and upslope bands of grass within these semi-arid rangelands.
Transitional probability between characters as a component of
sentence processing in Chinese
Authors: Wang Tianlin , Cooper Borkenhagen Matthew J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study explores the role of transitional probability (TP) in
sentence processing in Chinese, a writing system that presents unique challenges
due to its character-based structure and lack of word boundaries. The research
investigates how the statistical regularities of character meaning, as captured
by TP, aid in word segmentation and impact reading comprehension. Utilizing a
moving window task, the study examines the processing speed of characters in
high versus low TP conditions. Findings reveal that characters in high TP bigram
conditions (indicating a consistent semantic association within a bigram) are
processed more quickly, underscoring the importance of this statistical property
of characters in Chinese sentence reading. These findings challenge conventional
notions in Chinese linguistics concerning the relationship between characters,
morphemes, and semantics, and suggests an alternative perspective on (and the
need for reevaluation of) character-level semantics. The study also highlights
the influence of prosodic context on reading speed, indicating that anticipatory
linguistic patterns shape reader processing.
Visualisation of counter-rotating dust disks using ray tracing methods
Authors: de Leon Eddy B , Frauendiener Jörg , Klein Christian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Physical aspects of stationary axisymmetric vacuum spacetimes given by exact solutions of the Einstein equations are discussed via ray tracing. A detailed study of the spacetime generated by a disk of counter-rotating dust is presented. The spacetime is given in explicit form in terms of hyperelliptic theta functions. The numerical approach to ray tracing is set up for general stationary axisymmetric spacetimes and tested at the well-studied example of the Kerr solution. Similar features as in the case of a rotating black hole, are explored in the case of a dust disk. The effect of the central redshift varying between a Newtonian disk and the ultrarelativistic disk, where the exterior of the disk can be interpreted as the extreme Kerr solution, and the transition from a single component disk to a static disk is explored. Frame dragging, as well as photon spheres, are discussed.
Design of tensile-strained GeSn/SiGeSn structure for low threshold mid-infrared laser application
Authors: Zhang Qingfang , Lu Wenxiang , Zhang Jitao , Chen Qianyu , Zhang Pei , Qin Zirui , Cao Lingzhi , Han Genquan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The plasticity of GeSn alloy energy band has promoted the development of silicon-based photoelectric integration and optical interconnection. A tensile-strained GeSn/SiGeSn double heterostructure laser wrapped with Si3N4 stress liner is designed and characterized theoretically. The triaxial tensile strain is introduced into the GeSn/SiGeSn heterostructure laser by the Si3N4 linear stressor. The lower threshold current density and higher optical gain of the GeSn/SiGeSn laser can be achieved by tuning the band structure and carrier distribution in the active region with tensile strain and Sn compositions. Compared with the relaxed device, the value of ne

,Γ/ne

,total for the Ge0.90Sn0.10/Si0.315Ge0.499Sn0.186 heterostructure laser wrapped with 300 nm Si3N4 linear stressor is increased to 30.6% at n
e,total of 1018 cm−3, the laser λ can be extended to 3.44 μm, and the J
th is reduced from 206 to 59 A/cm2.
Theoretical study of the compatibility between environmentally friendly insulation gas CF3SO2F and silver, zinc, and zinc oxide materials in gas-insulated equipment
Authors: Han Rong , Wan Xuhao , Yu Wei , Su Jinhao , Wang Anyang , Ke Xue , Wang Ruilin , Zhou Wenjun , Zheng Yu , Guo Yuzheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Exploring the gas-solid compatibility between insulating gas and solids materials used in electrical equipment is of great significance for determining the long-term behavior of insulating gas trifluoromethanesulonyl fluoride (CF3SO2F). The gas-solid compatibility of CF3SO2F and its decomposition products with Ag, Zn, and ZnO common surfaces has been assessed based on first-principles calculations, with SF6 as the control group. CF3SO2F has excellent gas-solid compatibility with the solid surfaces by analyzing the adsorption configurations, adsorption energies, charge transfer, adsorption height, density of states, and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) results. The external electric fields do not affect the excellent compatibility between CF3SO2F and the solid surfaces. Besides, the Ag(111) surface exhibits fine gas-solid compatibility with all decomposition products benefitting from its low surface energy. Originating in the existence of the three-center-four-electron (3c4e) π bond and F atoms with strong electronegativity in SO2F2, SO2F2 has poor compatibility with the Ag(110), (100), and Zn(001) surface. SO2, COF2, and HF gases may accelerate equipment failure due to the strong adsorption strength and poor compatibility with ZnO(100) and (110) surfaces. The results provide the theoretical guidance for the engineering application and long-term performance evaluation of CF3SO2F.
Collective spin waves in RKKY interlayer-coupled Ni80Fe20/Ru/Ni80Fe20 nanowire arrays
Authors: Adeyeye Adekunle O , Hussain Bushra , Cottam Michael G , Gubbiotti Gianluca 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We report on a comprehensive investigation of collective spin waves in Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interlayer-coupled Ni80Fe20 (10 nm)/Ru(1.0 nm)/ Ni80Fe20 (10 nm) nanowire (NW) arrays. We employed Brillouin light scattering to probe the field- and wavevector-dependences of the spin-wave frequency spectra. The acquired data were subsequently analyzed and interpreted within the framework of a microscopic Hamiltonian-based method, enabling a detailed understanding of the observed spin-wave behavior. We observed the propagation of Bloch-type collective spin waves within the arrays, characterized by distinct magnonic bandwidths that stem from the combined influence of RKKY interlayer and inter-NW dynamical dipolar interactions.
Physical model of neutron scattering by clathrate hydrate and C

60

hosting paramagnetic oxygen molecules
Authors: Xu (许树琪) S , DiJulio D D , Marquez Damian J I , Kittelmann T , Bernasconi M , Campi D , Abou El Kheir O , Laporte S I , Rataj B , Czamler V , Zimmer O , Gorini G , Santoro V , Muhrer G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the physical modelling of neutron scattering in two polycrystalline inclusion compounds, fully deuterated clathrate hydrate and

C

60

, each with paramagnetic oxygen as guest molecules. For studying the suitability of these materials for neutron moderation to very low energies, the model includes, in addition to the magnetic neutron scattering by the oxygen, the nuclear scattering by all constituents. The theoretical total cross sections are calculated based on the phonon density of states obtained by density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. At low temperatures, the developed scattering kernels are in good agreement with experimental neutron scattering data reported in the literature. At 20 K and above, a Lorentzian distribution for the zero-field splitting of the magnetic substates of the spin triplet of the oxygen molecules helps to reproduce magnetic peaks observed in inelastic neutron scattering experiments better than the original theory based on a single-valued splitting constant. Neutron spectra obtained by Monte Carlo simulations in infinite media are presented, highlighting the potential use of

O

2

-containing fully deuterated clathrate hydrate as a neutron moderator for the production of very cold neutrons.
Analysis of radon mitigation methods: 10-year review
Authors: Kouroukla E , Gooding T D , Fonseca H S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Exposure to the radon gas within a building can result in an increased risk of lung cancer. To minimise the health risk, indoor radon concentrations can be reduced using well-established mitigation methods. The performance of various radon reduction methods, their combination as well as other factors that can impact the efficiency of radon mitigation, were analysed using data collected from approximately 2800 dwellings that had installed radon mitigation techniques during the period 2007–2017. As demonstrated previously (Hodgson 2011), active methods are the most effective at reducing high concentrations of radon to below the Action and Target Levels (200 Bq m−3 and 100 Bq m−3 respectively). Reduction factors of up to 5.5 using single active methods and 8.3 using a combination of active methods were estimated in this study. For indoor radon levels greater than 1 000 Bq m−3, the Active Sump remained the most efficient technique, with the Active Underfloor Ventilation being the second most effective method. Passive methods alone or in combination with other passive methods offered moderate reductions at high radon concentration. Of the passive methods, Underfloor Ventilation was found to have the highest performance with a reduction factor of 1.8. The conclusions of this study should be used to update guidance for stakeholders including householders, contractors, radon awareness campaigns and the UKradon.org website.