bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic Delivery of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Diminishes Neuropathology in a Mouse Model of Krabbe's Disease
Authors: Miranda Catarina Oliveira , Teixeira Carla Andreia , Liz Márcia Almeida , Sousa Vera Filipe , Franquinho Filipa , Forte Giancarlo , Di Nardo Paolo , Pinto-Do-Ó Perpétua , Sousa Mónica Mendes 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
In Krabbe's disease, a demyelinating disorder, add-on strategies targeting the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are needed, as it is not corrected by bone-marrow (BM) transplantation. To circumvent this limitation of BM transplantation, we assessed whether i.v. delivery of immortalized EGFP+ BM-derived murine mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCTERT-EGFP) targets the PNS of a Krabbe's disease model, the Twitcher mouse. In vitro, BM-MSCTERT-EGFP retained the phenotype of primary BM-MSC and did not originate tumors upon transplantation in nude mice. In vivo, undifferentiated EGFP+ cells grafted the Twitcher sciatic nerve where an increase in Schwann cell precursors and axonal number was detected. The same effect was observed on BM-MSCTERT-EGFP i.v. delivery following sciatic nerve crush, a model of axonal regeneration. Reiterating the in vivo findings, in a coculture system, BM-MSCTERT-EGFP induced the proliferation of Twitcher-derived Schwann cells and the neurite outgrowth of both Twitcher-derived neurons and wild-type neurons grown in the presence of psychosine, the toxic substrate that accumulates in Krabbe's disease. In vitro, this neuritogenic effect was blocked by K252a, an antagonist of Trk receptors, and by antibody blockage of brain derived neurotrophic factor, a neurotrophin secreted by BM-MSCTERT-EGFP and induced in neighboring Schwann cells. In vivo, BM-MSCTERT-EGFP surmounted the effect of K252a, indicating their ability to act through a neurotrophin-independent mechanism. In summary, i.v. delivery of BM-MSCTERT-EGFP exerts a multilevel effect targeting neurons and Schwann cells, coordinately diminishing neuropathology. Therefore, to specifically target the PNS, MSC should be considered an add-on option to BM transplantation in Krabbe's disease and in other disorders where peripheral axonal loss occurs.
Site-Specific Recombinase Strategy to Create Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Efficiently with Plasmid DNA
Authors: Karow Marisa , Chavez Christopher L. , Farruggio Alfonso P. , Geisinger Jonathan M. , Keravala Annahita , Jung W. Edward , Lan Feng , Wu Joseph C. , Chen-Tsai Yanru , Calos Michele P. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have revolutionized the stem cell field. iPSCs are most often produced by using retroviruses. However, the resulting cells may be ill-suited for clinical applications. Many alternative strategies to make iPSCs have been developed, but the nonintegrating strategies tend to be inefficient, while the integrating strategies involve random integration. Here, we report a facile strategy to create murine iPSCs that uses plasmid DNA and single transfection with sequence-specific recombinases. PhiC31 integrase was used to insert the reprogramming cassette into the genome, producing iPSCs. Cre recombinase was then used for excision of the reprogramming genes. The iPSCs were demonstrated to be pluripotent by in vitro and in vivo criteria, both before and after excision of the reprogramming cassette. This strategy is comparable with retroviral approaches in efficiency, but is nonhazardous for the user, simple to perform, and results in nonrandom integration of a reprogramming cassette that can be readily deleted. We demonstrated the efficiency of this reprogramming and excision strategy in two accessible cell types, fibroblasts and adipose stem cells. This simple strategy produces pluripotent stem cells that have the potential to be used in a clinical setting.
The smallest man‐made jet engine
Authors: Sanchez Samuel , Solovev Alexander A. , Harazim Stefan M. , Deneke Christoph , Feng Mei Yong , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe design of catalytic engines powered by chemical fuels is an exciting and emerging field in multidisciplinary scientific communities. Recent progress in nanotechnology has enabled scientists to shrink the size of macroengines down to microscopic, but yet powerful, engines. Since a couple of years ago, we have reported our progress towards the control and application of catalytic microtubular engines powered by the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide fuel which produces a thrust of oxygen bubbles. Efforts were undertaken in our group to prove whether the fabrication of nanoscale jets is possible. Indeed, the smallest jet engine (600 nm in diameter and 1 picogram of weight) was synthesized based on heteroepitaxially grown layers. These nanojets are able to self‐propel in hydrogen peroxide solutions and are promising for the realisation of multiple tasks. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201100010
Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 expression is a strong independent prognostic factor in UICC T3—T4 pancreatic cancer patients treated with preoperative gemcitabine‐based chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Murata Yasuhiro , Hamada Takashi , Kishiwada Masashi , Ohsawa Ichiro , Mizuno Shugo , Usui Masanobu , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Tabata Masami , Ii Noriko , Inoue Hiroyuki , Shiraishi Taizo , Isaji Shuji 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground/purposeWe aimed to determine the relationship between the intratumoral expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1), the main gemcitabine transporter into cells, and the outcome of gemcitabine‐based chemoradiotherapy (Gem‐CRT) in patients with International Union Against Cancer (UICC) T3—T4 pancreatic adenocarcinoma.MethodsThe expressions of hENT1, thymidylate synthase (TS), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase were immunohistochemically analyzed using the resected specimens from 55 patients (T3, 38 and T4, 17) who had received curative‐intent resection after Gem‐CRT.ResultsThe status of hENT1 expression (positive in 39 and negative in 16) was significantly associated with “clinical efficacy” (defined as more than 50% reduction of the serum carbohydrate antigen [CA] 19‐9 level with stable disease [SD] or partial response [PR] according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST]) for Gem‐CRT. The 1‐ and 3‐year overall survival (OS) rates were significantly higher in the positive hENT1 expression group (82.9, 39.5%) than in the negative expression group (42.9, 14.3%) (p = 0.0037). According to combination analysis of hENT1 and TS expressions, the 1‐ and 3‐year OS rates were significantly higher in the positive‐low combination (89.1, 51.0%) group than in the negative‐high group (66.7, 0%) (p = 0.023). Multivariate analysis revealed that positive hENT1 expression and R0 resection were significant prognostic factors for OS.ConclusionsThe hENT1 expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma strongly influences the outcome of preoperative Gem‐CRT treatment. This biomarker could become a useful predictor of therapeutic effect for gemcitabine‐based therapy in pancreatic cancer patients.
Pregnancy and its management in women with GSD type III ‐ a single centre experience
Authors: Ramachandran Radha , Wedatilake Yehani , Coats Caroline , Walker Fiona , Elliott Perry , Lee Philip J , Lachmann Robin H , Murphy Elaine 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe present a review of our experience and pregnancy outcome in patients with GSD III managed by our centre. Between 1997 and 2010 there were 15 pregnancies in seven women with GSD III. Four women had GSD IIIb (nine pregnancies) and three GSD IIIa (six pregnancies). There was a successful outcome in all 15 pregnancies with delivery of 15 liveborn infants. Four infants were of low birthweight (<2nd centile) but all have developed normally apart from one with behavioural/psychiatric problems. Three women had pre‐existing cardiomyopathy prior to pregnancy. One of these women had deterioration of her cardiomyopathy during pregnancy and again in the post‐partum period. Women with GSD III do not seem to have any issues with fertility. Overall the outcome of pregnancy for both mother and child is good. Care needs to be taken to avoid maternal hypoglycemia which may be associated with intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight. Cardiac function should be monitored carefully particularly in those with pre‐existing cardiomyopathy.
Family Physicians’ Awareness and Knowledge of the Genetic Information Non‐Discrimination Act (GINA)
Authors: Laedtke Amanda L. , O'Neill Suzanne M. , Rubinstein Wendy S. , Vogel Kristen J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHistorically, physicians have expressed concern about their patients’ risk of genetic discrimination, which has acted as a barrier to uptake of genetic services. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) is intended to protect patients against employer and health insurance discrimination. Physicians’ awareness and knowledge of GINA has yet to be evaluated. In 2009, we mailed surveys to 1500 randomly selected members of the American Academy of Family Physicians. Questions measured physicians’ current knowledge of GINA and their level of concern for genetic discrimination. In total, 401 physicians completed the survey (response rate 26.9%). Approximately half (54.5%) of physicians had no awareness of GINA. Of physicians who reported basic knowledge of GINA, the majority were aware of the protections offered for group health insurance (92.7%), private health insurance (82.9%), and employment (70.7%). Fewer physicians were aware of GINA's limitations regarding life insurance (53.7%) and long‐term care insurance (58.8%). Physicians demonstrated highest levels of concern for health insurance, life insurance, and long‐term care insurance discrimination, with less concern for employer and family/social discrimination. Level of concern for the risk of genetic discrimination did not correlate significantly with awareness of GINA. Approximately 17 months after GINA was signed into federal law, physicians’ knowledge remained limited regarding the existence of this legislation and relevant details. Physicians who are aware of GINA continue to have significant concerns regarding the risk of genetic discrimination. This study reveals the need to further educate physicians about the existence of GINA and the protections offered.
Improving Acid Number Testing of Biodiesel Feedstock and Product
Authors: Kovács A. , Czinkota I. , Tóth J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe acidity of low and high free fatty acid containing feedstock varieties and biodiesel production intermediary products were tested using a variety of standard methods by the use of manual and automatic titration apparatus. The objective was to select the optimal test method for intermediary products in biodiesel processing and to optimize the selected technique by reducing the extent of bias. We found that there are two major reasons for variations in electrode potential readings. Colloid chemistry has an impact on the initial phase of titration by breakage and reformulation of the partially disperse system. Electric and magnetic fields in the titration beaker were the main reasons for sensitive fluctuations in electrode potentials in the potential range of interest for acid number readings. Refluxing the analyte with the diluting solvent proved to be an efficient technique to offset the influence of colloid processes. Addition of a filter electrolyte to the titration solvent allowed the filter fluctuations to be related to changes in uniformity of electric and magnetic fields in the titration beaker. Addition of filter electrolyte improved signal reliability than shading the external noises by wrapping the titration beaker in aluminium foil. Mathematical interpretation of potential readings revealed the extent of improvement in electrode potential fluctuation by the techniques employed. Both the aqueous and non‐aqueous titration are suitable for accurate testing the acid number of biodiesel feedstock and intermediary products.
Synthesis of Animal Fats Ethylolamides, Ethylolamide Phosphates and Their Petroleum‐Collecting and Dispersing Properties
Authors: Asadov Ziyafaddin H. , Rahimov Ravan A. , Salamova Nargiz V. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEthylolamides of animal (beef and mutton) fats have been synthesized and modified with H3PO4. The identity of these products was confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The physical properties of the synthesized surfactants including interfacial tension and critical micelle concentration (CMC) were studied. From these measurements, the maximum surface excess concentration and the minimum area per molecule at the kerosene solution/water interface, the surface pressure at the CMC, and the standard thermodynamic parameters of adsorption and micellization were calculated. Ethylolamides and ethylolamide phosphates were obtained and tested as petroleum‐collecting and petroleum‐dispersing reagents. Some correlations between these parameters of the ethylol units and their ability to collect thin petroleum films from the water surface were revealed.
Lubricity‐Enhancing Low‐Temperature Diesel Fuel Additives
Authors: Wang Sunmin , Shen Jianheng , Reaney Martin J. T. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBranched chain alkyl esters have lower crystallization temperatures than those with straight chain headgroups. We investigated the effect of branched chain headgroups on the cold flow properties and lubricity of alkyl esters. Commercial grade canola methyl ester was transformed into branched chain alkyl esters through a two or three‐stage base‐catalyzed transesterification reaction with 1‐methoxy‐2‐propanol and 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol. Conversion rates between 85 and 95% were achieved. The alkyl esters exhibited improved cold flow properties. The pour points were reduced from −12 to −27 °C as a result of incorporating branched headgroups. Addition of 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) 1‐methoxy‐2‐propyl alkyl ester improved the lubricity of a commercial pre‐production ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel, as determined by increased lubricity number and reduced wear scar diameter. The inclusion of methyl‐tert butyl ether or ethanolamides additives to ULSD containing alkyl esters had an antagonistic effect on lubricity. The branched‐chain alkyl esters have the potential to be used as lubricity‐enhancing and low‐temperature fuel additives.
INHOMOGENEOUS PERIODIC PARABOLIC PROBLEMS WITH INDEFINITE DATA
Authors: GODOY T. , KAUFMANN U. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLet Ω⊂ℝNbe a smooth bounded domain and letf⁄≡0 be a possibly discontinuous and unbounded function. We give a necessary and sufficient condition onffor the existence of positive solutions for allλ>0 of Dirichlet periodic parabolic problems of the formLu=h(x,t,u)+λf(x,t), wherehis a nonnegative Carathéodory function that is sublinear at infinity. When this condition is not fulfilled, under some additional assumptions onhwe characterize the set ofλs for which the aforementioned problem possesses some positive solution. All results remain true for the corresponding elliptic problems.
Dissociation mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and hallucination-proneness
Authors: Varese F. , Barkus E. , Bentall R. P. 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundIt has been proposed that the relationship between childhood trauma and hallucinations can be explained by dissociative processes. The present study examined whether the effect of childhood trauma on hallucination-proneness is mediated by dissociative tendencies. In addition, the influence of dissociative symptoms on a cognitive process believed to underlie hallucinatory experiences (i.e. reality discrimination; the capacity to discriminate between internal and external cognitive events) was also investigated.MethodPatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (n=45) and healthy controls (with no history of hallucinations;n=20) completed questionnaire measures of hallucination-proneness, dissociative tendencies and childhood trauma, as well as performing an auditory signal detection task.ResultsCompared to both healthy and non-hallucinating clinical controls, hallucinating patients reported both significantly higher dissociative tendencies and childhood sexual abuse. Dissociation positively mediated the effect of childhood trauma on hallucination-proneness. This mediational role was particularly robust for sexual abuse over other types of trauma. Signal detection abnormalities were evident in hallucinating patients and patients with a history of hallucinations, but were not associated with pathological dissociative symptoms.ConclusionsThese results are consistent with dissociative accounts of the trauma-hallucinations link. Dissociation, however, does not affect reality discrimination. Future research should examine whether other cognitive processes associated with both dissociative states and hallucinations (e.g. deficits in cognitive inhibition) may explain the relationship between dissociation and hallucinatory experiences.
COMBINE - What it is, what it could be
Authors: Le Novere Nicolas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe 'COmputational Modeling in BIology' NEtwork (COMBINE) is an initiative to coordinate the development of the various community standards and formats for computational models, initially in Systems Biology and related fields. By doing so, it is expected that the federated projects will develop a set of interoperable and non-overlapping standards covering all the aspects of modeling in biology.Building on the experience of mature projects, which already have stable specifications, software support, user-base and community governance, COMBINE will help foster or support fledging efforts aimed at filling gaps or new needs. As those efforts mature, they may become part of the core set of COMBINE standards.One of the initial activities of COMBINE is to coordinate the organization of scientific and technical events common to several standards.
Towards a web-based simulation experiment description repository
Authors: Guravage Michael , Merks Roeland 
Published: September 2011

AbstractModellers are producing more and more complex models. Unless these models are sufficiently characterised and made available to the research community their reuse will be minimal, and reproducing simulation experiments incorporating them will prove problematic. Consensus on the content and form of experiment recipes that combine models and simulations will encourage model sharing and facilitate reuse.A set of guidelines specifying the 'Minimum Information About a Simulation Experiment'(MIASE) proposes a common set of information necessary to reproduce simulation experiments that incorporate quantitative models.We have instantiated these guidelines in a web-based content management system. With our system you can create Simulation and Experiment Descriptions, enrich them with experimental data and annotate them with domain meta-information to facilitate classification, searching and cross referencing - all with the goal of reusing your models and reproducing your experimental results.
SBRML- A Markup Language for Encoding Systems Biology Results
Authors: Dada Joseph 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Background:
The wide acceptance of Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) as standard format for models of biochemical systems makes it possible to build, share, evaluate and develop biochemical models cooperatively. However, there is currently no standard format for encoding the results of computational analyses of systems biology models. To address this issue, we present here the Systems Biology Results Markup Language (SBRML), an XML-based format for representing systems biology results. SBRML provides a means of representing computational simulation results as well as encoding experimental data in the context of a particular model.

Methods & Results:
SBRML is based on XML and is specified through the XML Schema language. SBRML Object Model (SBRML-OM) was first developed using the Universal Modelling Language (UML), and a Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) approach was then used to derive the corresponding XML Schema semi-automatically with the help of mapping rules for classes and associations. SBRML can be used to describe any type of systems biology results, the model that is used to generate the results, the ontology terms that link all the terms/vocabularies used to an external ontology sources, the operation (e.g. time course, steady state etc.) that is performed on the model and a flexible means for encoding the results of the operation. SBRML associates a model with several data sets. Each data set consists of a series of values associated with model variables, and their corresponding parameter values. It provides a flexible way of indexing both simulation results and experimental data to model parameter values which supports both spreadsheet-like data or multidimensional data cubes. Some of its major uses are: associating experimental results with models for passing to analysis tools, sharing and archiving of model simulations and recording the results of analysis for validation, archiving or comparison.

Conclusions:
SBRML is a software-neutral language intended to allow any type of systems biology results to be represented. Standardization of systems biology results format will bring obvious benefits in terms of storage and retrieval, but will also benefit any program that needs to read data in the context of a biochemical model. Application areas are enzyme kinetics data, microarray gene expression data, and various types of simulation results. We will soon release a library (in various programming languages) for reading and writing SBRML documents.
Plant regulation of microbial enzyme production in situ
Authors: Averill Colin , Finzi Adrien 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSoil extracellular enzymes regulate the rate at which complex organic forms of nitrogen (N) become bio-available. Much research has focused on the limitations to heterotrophic enzyme production via lab incubations, but little has been done to understand the limitations to enzyme production in situ. We created root and symbiotic mycelia exclusion treatments using mesh in-growth bags in the field to isolate the effect of roots and other portions of the microbial community on enzyme production. When fertilized with complex protein N we found increases in N-degrading enzyme concentrations only when root in-growth was allowed. No response was observed when complex N was added to root-free treatments. Expanding on economic rules of microbial element limitation theory developed from lab incubation data, we suggest this is due to active transport of labile carbon (C) from roots to associated microbial communities in root bags. Roots alleviate C-limitation of microbial enzyme synthesis, representing a trade off between plants and microbes- plant C for microbial derived N.