bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Vickers hardness of different types of acrylic denture base resins with and without glass fibre reinforcement
Authors: Farina Ana Paula , Cecchin Doglas , Soares Rodrigo Gonçalves , Botelho André Luís , Takahashi Jessica Mie Ferreira Koyama , Mazzetto Marcelo Oliveira , Mesquita Marcelo Ferraz 
Published: November 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00435.x

Evaluation of Vickers hardness of different types of acrylic denture base resins with and without glass fibre reinforcementObjective:  To evaluate the Vickers hardness of different acrylic resins for denture bases with and without the addition of glass fibres.Background:  It has been suggested that different polymerisation methods, as well as the addition of glass fibre (FV) might improve the hardness of acrylic.Materials and methods:  Five types of acrylic resin were tested: Vipi Wave (VW), microwave polymerisation; Vipi Flash (VF), auto‐polymerisation; Lucitone (LT), QC20 (QC) and Vipi Cril (VC), conventional heat‐polymerisation, all with or without glass fibre reinforcement (GFR) and distributed into 10 groups (n = 12). Specimens were then submitted to Vickers hardness testing with a 25‐g load for 30 s. All data were submitted to anova and Tukey’s HSD test.Results:  A significant statistical difference was observed with regard to the polymerisation method and the GFR (p < 0.05). Without the GFR, the acrylic resin VC presented the highest hardness values, and VF and LT presented the lowest. In the presence of GFR, VC resin still presented the highest Vickers hardness values, and VF and QC presented the lowest.Conclusions:  The acrylic resin VC and VW presented higher hardness values than VF and QC resins. Moreover, GFR increased the Vickers hardness of resins VW, VC and LT.
Incumbent Responsiveness to Female Challengers
Authors: LUCAS JENNIFER 
Published: November 2010

How do congressional incumbents respond to challengers, particularly female challengers? This article extends recent research on the effect of congressional challengers on legislative agenda setting by analyzing the symbolic effect of a female challenger on bill sponsorship and cosponsorship of women's issue legislation. The results indicate incumbents who ran against female challengers in the previous election are more likely to respond to that constituency through their legislative activities. However, in practice, there may be few significant policy effects, as incumbents challenged by female opponents are more likely to cosponsor, rather than sponsor, women's issue legislation.¿Cómo responden los miembros del Congreso a los candidatos y especialmente a las candidatas que les disputan su reelección? Este artículo amplía investigaciones recientes sobre el efecto de la presión electoral sobre distritos seguros en la definición de la agenda. Lo hace analizando el efecto simbólico que produce la presión electoral de candidatas femeninas en distritos cuyo representante actual ha sido reelegido varias veces enfocándose en qué tanto dicho representante patrocina o copatrocina proyectos de ley favorables a las mujeres. Los resultados indican que los representantes que contendieron contra mujeres en elecciones previas están más inclinados a responder al electorado femenino a través de sus actividades legislativas. En la práctica, sin embargo, puede haber pocos efectos políticos significativos, ya que los representantes están más inclinados a copatrocinar que a patrocinar leyes que favorecen a las mujeres.
How Abortion Became a Partisan Issue: Media Coverage of the Interest Group‐Political Party Connection
Authors: CARMINES EDWARD G. , GERRITY JESSICA C. , WAGNER MICHAEL W. 
Published: November 2010

That Democrats are widely perceived as a pro‐choice party while Republicans are generally perceived as a pro‐life party seems apparent to even the most casual observer of American politics. Yet, this perception was not always as clear as it is today. Our understanding of the partisan evolution of the abortion issue in the United States is informed by previous research demonstrating that changes in the abortion issue at both the elite and mass level conform to Carmines and Stimson's issue evolution model of partisan dynamics. However, an important piece of this puzzle remains unresolved—how does the issue differentiation between the parties get communicated from elite party actors to the mass public? Analyzing over 30 years of several sources of news coverage on abortion, we show that over time, news stories revealed a closer link between particular interest groups and political parties, with the Republican Party becoming aligned with pro‐life interest groups while the Democrats were identified with pro‐choice groups. We posit that media coverage of the interaction between interest groups and political parties on abortion highlighted the issue's increasing political relevance in the minds of the American public and helped to communicate the parties' evolving issue positions to the wider electorate.Que el partido demócrata está a favor del aborto mientras que el partido republicano está en contra parece obvio aún para cualquier observador de la política estadounidense. A pesar de esto, esta división no siempre fue tan clara como lo es ahora. Nuestra comprensión de la evolución del tópico del aborto en los partidos de los Estados Unidos está fundada en investigaciones previas que demuestran que los cambios en el tema del aborto, tanto en la elite como el público, se ajustan al modelo de evolución de las dinámicas partidistas de Carmines and Stimson. Sin embargo, una pieza importante de este rompecabezas queda sin resolver—¿cómo se comunican las diferencias entre las posturas partidistas sobre diversos asuntos, desde las elites partidistas al público en general? Analizando varias fuentes sobre la cobertura de noticias del aborto por cerca de 30 años, demostramos que a través del tiempo las noticias revelan un vínculo más cercano entre grupos de intereses particulares y los partidos políticos, con el partido republicano favoreciendo a los grupos de interés pro‐vida y los demócratas a los grupos pro‐aborto. Proponemos que la cobertura de los medios sobre la interacción entre los grupos de interés y los partidos políticos sobre el aborto puso de manifiesto la creciente relevancia del tópico en las mentes del público estadounidense y ayudó a comunicar al electorado cómo evolucionaron las posiciones de los partidos.
Transition of adolescents with cystic fibrosis from paediatric to adult care
Authors: Towns Susan Joy , Bell Scott Cameron 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTransition to adult health care for adolescents with complex chronic illness such as cystic fibrosis (CF) is a challenge for the health care system with increasing numbers of young people requiring lifelong adult health care due to improvements in early diagnosis, treatment and survival. The changing face of CF and current guidelines for transition to adult care will be reviewed with a discussion and case study illustrating effective transition. Key features include (i) early preparation, planning and facilitating self‐management skills; (ii) engaging all involved by a coordinated approach, including young people with CF, their families and the paediatric and adult teams; (iii) detailed communication, including comprehensive written referral report and documentation of prior complications of CF; (iv) feedback between the paediatric and the adult health care teams; and (v) ongoing audit of the transition process. The barriers to effective transition will be examined in the context of challenges faced by the paediatric centres, the development and resourcing of appropriate adult services, difficulties for the young person and their family as well as integrating the health care system overall. While acknowledging the development and evaluation of models of care for transition services with CF, continued evaluation of transition services can provide an evidence base to ensure effective systems with allocation of resources, inform training of health professionals and meet the needs of young people with CF and other chronic illnesses as they navigate the health care system.Please cite this paper as: Towns SJ and Bell SC. Transition of adolescents with cystic fibrosis from Paediatric to Adult care. Clin Respir J 2011; 5: 64–75.
Biomarkers in Atrial Fibrillation, Ventricular Arrhythmias, and Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Mountantonakis Stavros , Deo Rajat 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYCardiac arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation are important causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although they usually occur in the setting of structural heart disease, these arrhythmias can be the primary manifestation of subclinical cardiovascular disease and have deleterious consequences including stroke, heart failure, and death. Investigational efforts have focused on developing risk stratification algorithms and diagnostic methods to identify patients who are most likely to sustain cardiac arrhythmias and benefit from early pharmacologic and interventional therapies. This review highlights important clinical and translational studies that identify potential biological markers to predict the onset of cardiac arrhythmias and their complications. Particular focus is placed on mechanisms involving the neurohormonal system, inflammation, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and metabolic pathways.
Thrombolytics and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kunadian Vijayalakshmi , Gibson C. Michael 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYCoronary artery disease is the single leading cause of death in the United States. Occlusion of the coronary artery was identified to be the cause of myocardial infarction almost a century ago. Following a series of investigations, streptokinase was discovered and demonstrated to be beneficial for the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction in terms of reducing short‐ and long‐term mortality. Newer agents including tissue plasminogen activators such as alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase were developed subsequently. In the present era, thrombolytic therapy and primary percutaneous coronary intervention has revolutionized the way patients with acute myocardial infarction are managed resulting in significant reduction in cardiovascular death. This article provides an overview of the various thrombolytic agents utilized in the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Crevicular Porphyromonas gingivalis‐specific immunoglobulin A levels in healthy and periodontitis‐affected Thai cohorts
Authors: Choonharuangdej Suwan , Chutinet Aurasri , Kuphasuk Yosvimol 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Aim:  Immunoglobulin A is a key humoral immune component involved in defense mechanisms against infections. Periodontitis, the chronic inflammatory disease causing periodontal destruction, adversely affects adults worldwide, including Thailand. As the development of periodontitis is partly mediated by immune components, levels of total and Porphyromonas gingivalis‐specific immunoglobulin A in gingival crevicular fluid of Thai cohorts were studied.Methods:  Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from 24 patients with severe generalized chronic periodontitis and 22 healthy controls. The amount and concentration of total and Porphyromonas gingivalis‐specific immunoglobulin A in each gingival crevicular fluid sample were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results:  The control group contained the highest concentrations of both types of gingival crevicular fluid–immunoglobulin A, but the lowest levels of these antibodies were found in the deep sites of the periodontitis group. Moreover, the concentrations of gingival crevicular fluid–immunoglobulin A and the degree of periodontitis severity appeared to have an inverse relationship. There was no significant difference in the amounts of gingival crevicular fluid–immunoglobulin A in the control and periodontitis groups.Conclusions:  This study supports the hypothesis that high concentrations of specific gingival crevicular fluid–immunoglobulin A antibodies directed against Porphyromonas gingivalis, a potent periodontic microorganism, could retard periodontitis development.
Characterization of Gene Use and Efficacy of Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies toStreptococcus pneumoniaeSerotype 8
Authors: Yano Masahide , Pirofski Liise-anne 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTStreptococcus pneumoniaeis the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in the United States and globally. Despite the availability of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS) and protein conjugate-based vaccines, the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains, serotype (ST) replacement in nonconjugate vaccine strains, and uncertainty as to whether the PPS vaccine that is used in adults protects against pneumonia emphasize the need for continued efforts to understand the nature of protective PPS antibody responses. In this study, we generated mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to a conjugate consisting of the PPS of serotype 8 (PPS8)S. pneumoniaeand tetanus toxoid. Thirteen MAbs, including four IgMs that bound to PPS8 and phosphorylcholine (PC) and five IgMs and four IgG1s that bound to PPS8 but not PC, were produced, and their nucleotide sequences, epitope and fine specificity, and efficacy against lethal challenge with ST8S. pneumoniaewere determined. MAbs that bound to PPS8 exhibited gene use that was distinct from that exhibited by MAbs that bound to PC. Only PPS8-binding MAbs that did not bind PC were protective in mice. All 13 MAbs used germ line variable-region heavy (VH) and light (VL) chain genes, with no evidence of somatic hypermutation. Our data reveal a relationship between PPS specificity and VHgene use and MAb efficacy in mice. These findings provide insight into the relationship between antibody molecular structure and function and hold promise for the development of novel surrogates for pneumococcal vaccine efficacy.
Comparison of Real-Time Multiplex Human Papillomavirus (HPV) PCR Assays with INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra Assay
Authors: Else Elizabeth A. , Swoyer Ryan , Zhang Yuhua , Taddeo Frank J. , Bryan Janine T. , Lawson John , Van Hyfte Inez , Roberts Christine C. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Real-time type-specific multiplex human papillomavirus (HPV) PCR assays were developed to detect HPV DNA in samples collected for the efficacy determination of the quadrivalent HPV (type 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine (Gardasil). Additional multiplex (L1, E6, and E7 open reading frame [ORF]) or duplex (E6 and E7 ORF) HPV PCR assays were developed to detect high-risk HPV types, including HPV type 31 (HPV31), HPV33, HPV35, HPV39, HPV45, HPV51, HPV52, HPV56, HPV58, and HPV59. Here, we evaluated clinical specimen concordance and compared the limits of detection (LODs) between multiplex HPV PCR assays and the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra assay, which detects 28 types, for the 14 HPV types common to both of these methods. Overall HPV detection agreement rates were >90% for swabs and >95% for thin sections. Statistically significant differences in detection were observed for HPV6, HPV16, HPV18, HPV35, HPV39, HPV45, HPV56, HPV58, and HPV59 in swabs and for HPV45, HPV58, and HPV59 in thin sections. Where
P
was <0.05, discordance was due to detection of more HPV-positive samples by the multiplex HPV PCR assays. LODs were similar for eight HPV types, significantly lower in multiplex assays for five HPV types, and lower in INNO-LiPA for HPV6 only. LODs were under 50 copies for all HPV types, with the exception of HPV39, HPV58, and HPV59 in the INNO-LiPA assay. The overall percent agreement for detection of 14 HPV types between the type-specific multiplex HPV PCR and INNO-LiPA genotyping assays was good. The differences in positive sample detection favored multiplex HPV PCR, suggesting increased sensitivity of HPV DNA detection by type-specific multiplex HPV PCR assays.
Clinical Features of Group B
Streptococcus
Prosthetic Joint Infections and Molecular Characterization of Isolates
Authors: Corvec S. , Illiaquer M. , Touchais S. , Boutoille D. , van der Mee-Marquet N. , Quentin R. , Reynaud A. , Lepelletier D. , Bémer P. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Twelve group B
Streptococcus
(GBS) prosthetic joint infection (PJI) cases are reported. The mean patient age was 55 years. Eleven infections were caused by GBS alone. The associated isolates belonged to phylogenetic lineages different from those that cause neonatal meningitis. The clinical outcome was favorable for the eight patients for whom follow-up data were available.
Comparison of Conventional, Nested, and Real-Time Quantitative PCR for Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus
Authors: Kim Dong-Min , Park Geon , Kim Hyong Sun , Lee Joo Young , Neupane Ganesh Prasad , Graves Stephen , Stenos John 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Orientia tsutsugamushi
is the causative agent of scrub typhus. For the diagnosis of scrub typhus, we investigated the performances of conventional PCR (C-PCR), nested PCR (N-PCR), and real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) targeting the
O. tsutsugamushi
-specific 47-kDa gene. To compare the detection sensitivities of the three techniques, we used two template systems that used plasmid DNA (plasmid detection sensitivity), including a partial region of the 47-kDa gene, and genomic DNA (genomic detection sensitivity) from a buffy coat sample of a single patient. The plasmid detection sensitivities of C-PCR, N-PCR, and Q-PCR were 5 × 10
4
copies/μl, 5 copies/μl, and 50 copies/μl, respectively. The results of C-PCR, N-PCR, and Q-PCR performed with undiluted genomic DNA were negative, positive, and positive, respectively. The genomic detection sensitivities of N-PCR and Q-PCR were 64-fold and 16-fold (crossing point [Cp], 37.7; 426 copies/μl), respectively. For relative quantification of
O. tsutsugamushi
bacteria per volume of whole blood, we performed real-time DNA PCR analysis of the human
GAPDH
gene, along with the
O. tsutsugamushi
47-kDa gene. At a 16-fold dilution, the copy number and genomic equivalent (GE) of
GAPDH
were 1.1 × 10
5
copies/μl (Cp, 22.64) and 5.5 × 10
4
GEs/μl, respectively. Therefore, the relative concentration of
O. tsutsugamushi
at a 16-fold dilution was 0.0078 organism/one white blood cell (WBC) and 117 organisms/μl of whole blood, because the WBC count of the patient was 1.5 × 10
4
cells/μl of whole blood. The sensitivities of C-PCR, N-PCR, and Q-PCR performed with blood samples taken from patients within 4 weeks of onset of fever were 7.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 19.9), 85.4% (95% CI, 70.8 to 94.4), and 82.9% (95% CI, 67.9 to 92.8), respectively. All evaluated assays were 100% specific for
O. tsutsugamushi
. In conclusion, given its combined sensitivity, specificity, and speed, Q-PCR is the preferred assay for the diagnosis of scrub typhus.
Phylogenetic Patterns of Human Respiratory Picornavirus Species, Including the Newly Identified Group C Rhinoviruses, during a 1-Year Surveillance of a Hospitalized Patient Population in Italy
Authors: Piralla Antonio , Baldanti Fausto , Gerna Giuseppe 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
Human rhinovirus species C (HRV-C) was the second most common HRV species detected in hospitalized patients in Italy with acute respiratory disease during a 1-year surveillance period. Sequencing of the picornavirus VP4/VP2 region allowed molecular typing of HRV-A and HRV-B and provisional typing of HRV-C.
Spatial Configuration of Hepatitis E Virus Antigenic Domain
Authors: Xing Li , Wang Joseph C. , Li Tian-Cheng , Yasutomi Yasuhiro , Lara James , Khudyakov Yury , Schofield Darren , Emerson Suzanne U. , Purcell Robert H. , Takeda Naokazu , Miyamura Tatsuo , Cheng R. Holland 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a human pathogen that causes acute hepatitis. When an HEV capsid protein containing a 52-amino-acid deletion at the C terminus and a 111-amino-acid deletion at the N terminus is expressed in insect cells, the recombinant HEV capsid protein can self-assemble into a T=1 virus-like particle (VLP) that retains the antigenicity of the native HEV virion. In this study, we used cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction to show that anti-HEV monoclonal antibodies bind to the protruding domain of the capsid protein at the lateral side of the spikes. Molecular docking of the HEV VLP crystal structure revealed that Fab224 covered three surface loops of the recombinant truncated second open reading frame (ORF2) protein (PORF2) at the top part of the spike. We also determined the structure of a chimeric HEV VLP and located the inserted B-cell tag, an epitope of 11 amino acids coupled to the C-terminal end of the recombinant ORF2 protein. The binding site of Fab224 appeared to be distinct from the location of the inserted B-cell tag, suggesting that the chimeric VLP could elicit immunity against both HEV and an inserted foreign epitope. Therefore, the T=1 HEV VLP is a novel delivery system for displaying foreign epitopes at the VLP surface in order to induce antibodies against both HEV and the inserted epitope.
The Bovine Herpesvirus 4 Bo10 Gene Encodes a Nonessential Viral Envelope Protein That Regulates Viral Tropism through both Positive and Negative Effects
Authors: Machiels Bénédicte , Lété Céline , de Fays Katalin , Mast Jan , Dewals Benjamin , Stevenson Philip G. , Vanderplasschen Alain , Gillet Laurent 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

All gammaherpesviruses encode a glycoprotein positionally homologous to the Epstein-Barr virus gp350 and the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) K8.1. In this study, we characterized the positional homologous glycoprotein of bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4), encoded by the Bo10 gene. We identified a 180-kDa gene product, gp180, that was incorporated into the virion envelope. A Bo10 deletion virus was viable but showed a growth deficit associated with reduced binding to epithelial cells. This seemed to reflect an interaction of gp180 with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), since compared to the wild-type virus, the Bo10 mutant virus was both less infectious for GAG-positive (GAG
+
) cells and more infectious for GAG-negative (GAG
−
) cells. However, we could not identify a direct interaction between gp180 and GAGs, implying that any direct interaction must be of low affinity. This function of gp180 was very similar to that previously identified for the murid herpesvirus 4 gp150 and also to that of the Epstein-Barr virus gp350 that promotes CD21
+
cell infection and inhibits CD21
−
cell infection. We propose that such proteins generally regulate virion attachment both by binding to cells and by covering another receptor-binding protein until they are displaced. Thus, they regulate viral tropism both positively and negatively depending upon the presence or absence of their receptor.