bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Honoring exceptional educators
Authors: Friebele Elaine 
Published: October 2011

Nominations for the 1998 Outstanding Undergraduate Science Teacher award are due September 22, 1997. Nominees, who must teach natural science at the undergraduate level, will be judged on teaching excellence, scholarship, and service.The award, offered by the Society for College Science Teachers (SCST) and Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, will be given at the 1998 SCST/National Science Teachers Association annual convention in Las Vegas, Nev., held April 16–19.
Looking for life
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

With meteorites and extreme environments on Earth providing tantalizing evidence about the possibility of life on other planets, NASA this month issued a draft notice to form an astrobiology institute.The institute, which would include an interdisciplinary team of researchers from the United States and possibly other countries, will try to coordinate and encourage research in exobiology and evolutionary biology, according to NASA. The institute will explore such questions as how habitable worlds form and evolve, how the Earth and its biosphere influence each other, and how other biospheres can be recognized.
Better, faster, cheaper
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

In space research, as with other endeavors, the right answer often depends on the right question. NASA announced in August that it will design the second and third generation Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites closer to their launch dates—in part to make sure that the agency asks the best, and the latest, scientific questions.Closing the gap between satellite design and launch from about 8 to 3 years will allow NASA to incorporate scientific data from earlier missions and use better and more compact instrument technology, says Bill Townsend, acting assistant administrator for the Mission to Planet Earth (MTPE). MTPE includes the EOS program, which studies Earth's land, oceans, atmosphere, and ice cover.
USGS considers moving Menlo Park programs
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

U.S. Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt has instructed the U.S. Geological Survey to examine options to relocate staff and programs at the agency's 16‐acre Menlo Park Facilities within 5 years. The agency was directed on August 21 to submit a preliminary action plan by September 25.A memo from USGS Director Gordon Eaton states that Babbitt is concerned about high real estate costs in the Menlo Park area and the need for the agency to locate near other Interior and federal offices.
Nailing Pompeii
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Roman hihstorian Pliny the Younger noted that Mount Vesuvius blew its top and destroyed Pompeii in the early afternoon of August 24, 1,918 years ago. Now, a team of scientists, tempted by the certainty of that record, has confirmed the eruption to within 7 years. The team developed and used an improved radioactive argon‐argon dating technique, which they say can reliably establish the age of rocks as old as the solar system or as recent as 1,000 years old.“We nailed the date to 5% on our first attempt, so we could probably get the error down to 1% or less,” says Paul Renne, adjunct associate professor of geology and geophysics at the University of California at Berkeley and director of the private Berkeley Geochronology Center. “Dating things that are really young has always been the Holy Grail of potassium‐argon [an earlier method] and argonargon dating.”
Data deposits
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Geologists at the University of Michigan have decoded a precise record of long‐term changes in Earth's ancient climate and ocean currents hidden inside dark, crusty deposits coating rocks on the Pacific ocean floor.These deposits—called ferromanganese crusts—constitute an important new data source for geochemists who currently rely on ice cores and shells of microscopic ocean animals, among other sources, for data on Earth's paleoclimate, according to John Christensen, assistant research scientist in geological sciences at the University of Michigan. “The isotopic signature is distinctive. It's like adding different‐colored dyes to the ocean and tracking them as they swirl around,” he says.
AGU candidates for office, 1998”2000, Union officers
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Marcia K. McNutt. AGU member since 1976, Director of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. Major areas of interest are lithospheric tectonics and mantle geodynamics. B.A. in physics (Phi Beta Kappa, summa cum laude), 1973, Colorado College; Ph.D. in Earth science, 1978, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Researcher at U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, 1979–1982semi; Professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1982–1997. Member of American Association for the Advancement of Science. Authored 74 publications, 45 in AGU journals. Most important publications include The Superswell and mantle dynamics beneath the South Pacific, Science, 248, 969–975,1990semi; Marine geodynamics: depth‐age revisited, Rev. Geophys., U.S. National Report Supplement, 413–418,1995; Mapping the descent of Indian and Eurasian plates beneath the Tibetan plateau from gravity anomalies, J. Geophys. plume theory to explain multiple episodes of stress‐triggered volcanism in the Austral Islands,Nature, in press, 1997. Awarded Macelwane Medal, 1988; Doctor of Science (honoris causa), Colorado College, 1988; NSF Visiting Professorship for Women, Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory, 1989–1990semi; Griswold Professor of Geophysics, MIT, 1991–1997; Outstanding Alumni Award, The Blake Schools, Minneapolis, 1993; Capital Science Lecturer, Carnegie Institution, 1995; Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Scholar, 1996–1997; MIT School of Science Graduate Teaching Prize, 1996. AGU service as Associate Editor and Guest Editor of Journal of Geophysical Research‐Solid Earth, member of Program, Budget and Finance, and Audit and Legal Affairs committeessemi; chair of Publications and Macelwane committees, and President of the Tectonophysics Section.
Bargain breathing
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The Environmental Protection Agency released a report in October indicating that the benefits of the Clean Air Act far outweigh any costs of compliance. The report, issued to satisfy a Government Performance Monitoring Act requirement and to quiet critics' concerns about the price of health and environmental regulations, found that the costs of meeting Clean Air Act standards between 1970, when the law was passed, and 1990 totaled $523 billion while benefits from the Act's programs were about $22 trillion.The latter figure represents the cost of avoided severe air quality conditions, dramatic increases in illness, and premature death, according to the agency.
Climate booklets available
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) released a new educational booklet in October called Our Changing Climate, which is the fourth publication in its series, Reports to the Nation on Our Changing Planet.The booklet, primarily authored by University of Washington professor Dennis Hartmann, covers the greenhouse effect, El Niño, the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, and other events linked to climate.
EPA rule could cut pollutants
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued a rule on November 14 that it claims could nearly eliminate dioxin discharges into waterways and reduce other toxic pollutants into the air and water from 155 pulp and paper mills.EPA estimates that results will include a 96% reduction in dioxin and a nearly 60% reduction in toxic air pollutants. Also, volatile organic compounds and sulfur emissions could be cut in half, with particulate matter cut by 37%.
Hot Web site for a warm topic
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has created another impressive Web site about the climate. The agency's new Internet site, “A Paleo Perspective on Global Warming,” is a solid starting‐off point for information on this topic, and places current warming trends in the perspective of past climatic changes.The Web site includes reference material in the four broad categories of research, data, education, and other features. Within those categories is information about tree rings, corals, ice cores, and other research areas, archived news articles, and a good selection of links for further information.
World Bank discusses sustainable development
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Making changes at the World Bank has been compared to turning a supertanker in a narrow canal; it may take a while. But the global body that often has focused on massive—and sometimes environmentally destructive—infrastructure projects is giving a nod to the sustainable development of natural as well as human resources.A March 10 Bank forum about the institution's policies on lending for the environment brought together several top Bank officials as well as some nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that have both worked with the Bank and criticized some of its policies.
Storming ahead
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Fourteen tropical storms, nine hurricanes, and four intense hurricanes with winds above 111 mph. That's the forecast for hurricane activity in the Atlantic Basin for the upcoming hurricane season which extends from June 1 through November 30, 1999, according to a Colorado State Hurricane Forecast team led by William Gray, professor of atmospheric science. The forecast supports an earlier report by the team.Hurricane activity, said Gray will be similar to 1998—which yielded 14 tropical storms, 10 hurricanes, and 3 intense storms. These numbers are significantly higher than the long‐term statistical averages of 9.3, 5.8, and 2.2, annually.
Wild, scenic, and transcendental rivers
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

“A more lovely stream than this has never flowed on Earth,” 19th century American author Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote about the confluence of the Assabet and Concord Rivers, streams that meander about 40 km west of Boston, Massachusetts.Segments of these streams as well as the Assabet River became the newest additions to the U.S. National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, when President Bill Clinton signed into law the “Sudbury, Assabet, and Concord Wild and Scenic River Act” on April 9.
Coral choreography
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Viewers clicking onto the Waikiki Aquarium's “Coral Research Cam” any time during daylight hours in Hawaii can catch the latest action of three species of living corals (Acropora sp., Acropora elseyi,and Montipora digitata) and the yellow tang and blue tang fish swimming amongst them in an outdoor aquarium.Waikiki Aquarium Director Bruce Carlson says the camera is part of a new exhibit, “Corals Are Alive!,” which encourages people to view living corals close‐up at the aquarium or via the Internet, in order to gain a better appreciation of the corals. “Hopefully through education and awareness, people will be more interested and willing to help with conservation efforts to preserve coral reefs,” says Carlson.
Honors
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A council that includes the heads of 12 United States federal agencies involved in funding ocean research or developing ocean research policy has called for the establishment of a national integrated and sustained ocean observing system.Officials said the system should integrate new tools to monitor changes in the oceans' physical, biological, and chemical systems with the many already‐existing satellite and in situ observing elements. The system, they said, could improve long‐term climate forecasts, increase understanding of long and short‐term ocean phenomena, and help to answer some key questions concerning global warming.
Developing hazardous waste programs
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Developing a fully operational hazardous waste regulatory system requires at least 10 to 15 years—even in countries with strong legal and bureaucratic institutions, according to a report on “The Evolution of Hazardous Waste Programs,” which was funded by Resources for the Future (RFF) and the World Bank's South Asia Environment Group, and issued on June 4.The report, which compares the experiences of how four developed and four developing countries have created hazardous waste programs, indicates that hazardous waste issues usually do not become a pressing environmental issue until after countries have dealt with more direct threats to public health, such as contaminated drinking water and air pollution. The countries examined include Indonesia, Thailand, Germany, and the United States.
Recent Ph.D.s
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A new partnership between the U.S. federal government and the State of Delaware will provide $10 million to improve the water quality of the watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay, Delaware Bay, and other water bodies.The agreement, which establishes the Delaware Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP), marks the eighth such partnership established since 1997 and brings the total U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) investment in CREP programs to $1.45 billion for improving water quality and restoring wildlife habitat. USDA is expected to pay up to $8 million to enroll up to 6,000 acres in the Delaware CREP program.
Heyerdahl Award established
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Some awards are a dime a dozen. But a new international maritime environmental award established on June 6 through a collaboration between Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdahl and the Norwegian Shipowners'Association (NSA) is worth considerably more money.The Thor Heyerdahl Award, which will be presented for the first time in the year 2000 and then every other year, provides $100,000 to an organization or individual that has made a significant contribution to improving or conserving the maritime environment.
Oceanography colloquia series scheduled
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

An upcoming series of colloquia in the United States, called “Oceanography: The Making of a Science,” will look forward and backward as it celebrates and chronicles the history and future of oceanographyThe series is scheduled to begin in October with a colloquium at the University of Washington, and with subsequent meetings at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California at San Diego in November, the University of Miami in January 2000, and Texas A & M University in February 2000. A national meeting is set for Washington, D.C. next spring.
WHO says health and environment go together
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

The health sector should take its rightful place at the core of the sustainable development agenda, Gro Harlem Brundtland, director‐general of the World Health Organization (WHO), told attendees at the Third Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health in London, England, on June 16.Brundtland listed a series of major challenges to health and the environment on a global and regional basis. These challenges include the lack of adequate water supplies for one billion people worldwide and lack of proper sanitation facilities for three billion people, and at least one‐half million deaths worldwide each year due to outdoor air pollution.
Urban sustainability
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

A new study indicates that while the world's cities take up 2% of the Earth's surface, they account for about 78% of the carbon emissions from human activities, 76% of industrial wood use, and 60% of the water tapped for use by people.“These figures suggest that the struggle to achieve an environmentally sustainable economy will be won or lost in the world's urban areas,” said Molly O'Meara, author of “Reinventing Cities for People and the Planet,” a report issued by the nonprofit Worldwatch Institute on June 19.
A sporting chance to fight haze
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Sometimes sports can open up the way for politicians to take action. Several decades ago, ping‐pong diplomacy helped to ease tensions between China and the United States. Now, it appears that the upcoming Southeast Asia Games (SEA Games) also may be wielding some influence in policy making.Environment ministers from countries in the region and officials from the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), hoping to keep the skies clear during the sporting competition in Brunei in August, on July 6 announced a plan to try to prevent forest fires and avert the dangerous levels of smog and haze that enveloped the region 2 years ago.
Etna avalanche deposit prompts call for hazard reassessment
Authors: Calvari S. , Tanner L. H. 
Published: October 2011

A 10‐ka avalanche deposit has been discovered on the densely populated slopes of the Etna volcano in Sicily and, while regional seismicity and ground motion monitoring indicate short‐term risks are small, reassessment of the danger from flank collapse is needed. Such a study would more fully document the long‐term behavior of Etna and consequent long‐term hazards. The discovery also seems to have finally explained the origin of Etna's Valle del Bove (VDB),the configuration of which may mitigate any danger.New geological data place the avalanche deposit at the exit of the VDB,on the seaward, or eastern, flank of the volcano (see Figure 1). Avalanches entering the sea have the potential to generate destructive tsunamis, which cause most of the fatalities resulting from volcanic flank collapse. However, since its formation, caused by a flank collapse which left a valley with near‐vertical walls, the VDB seems to have acted as a containment basin for mass flows originating in the valley.
Ranking asteroid threats
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

“Kiss your asteroid goodbye,” read the March 13, 1998, New York Post headline, which was far more sensational than Asteroid 1997 XF11's feared encounter with the Earth turned out to be. Fortunately, many other asteroids also have proven to be duds. But our pock‐marked planet provides proof that occasional chunks of rock do shake up things on the Earth. They also suggest that it might be prudent to have some sort of method for sizing up potential danger—a type of Richter scale for understanding the risks posed by asteroids and comets.A new scale devised for rating the potential for near‐Earth object (NEO) collisions with the planet may help to better communicate risks to scientists and the general public, according to the scale's creator, Richard Binzel, professor of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Drinking up the data
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

In one advertisement, the headline above a clear glass of water reads, “Now it comes with a list of ingredients.” Another headline, positioned above a tipped water pitcher, reads, “Drinking water. Pour over the facts.”These catchy ads are part of an educational campaign begun by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on July 19 to notify the public about the first annual Consumer Confidence Reports about tap water.
Outstanding student paper award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Geomagnetism & Paleomagnetism Section presented an outstanding student paper award to Stefanie Brachfeld at the 1999 AGU Spring Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, last June.Stefanie presented a paper titled “Secondary Normalization for Removing Magnetic Grain Size Bias from Relative Paleointensity Data: New Data from the North American Holocene.”
Wegener's work included studies of noctilucent clouds, auroras
Authors: Schröder Wilfried 
Published: October 2011

The 120th anniversary of the birth of Alfred Wegener (1880‐1930) occurs next year and the event gives us an opportunity to commemorate his work. While the study of continental drift was a significant part of that work, Wegener's influence is also apparent in other areas of the geosciences, including solar‐terrestrial physics, the physics of the upper atmosphere, and meteorology.Wegener's research in these areas was a continuation of a series of early studies by a number of scientists trying to explain atmospheric phenomena with the known laws of physics. His studies of noctilucent clouds and of auroras, for example, are significant in the context of the history of science as early experiments to explain the terrestrial atmosphere from a profoundly physical point of view. His contributions are building blocks to modern, comprehensive, physical interpretations, just as previous studies were building blocks to his. Wegener followed the same goal, namely the physical explanation of observed and recorded phenomena, and he belonged therefore to that group of researchers who contributed to the early development of geoscience and cosmoscience and whose heritage should be conserved.
Mesoscale eddy aswirl with data in Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Crawford William R. , Whitney Frank A. 
Published: October 2011

For the first time ever in the Gulf of Alaska, an anticyclonic mesoscale eddy's formation, migration, and transport have been observed and thoroughly documented. The eddy, Haida‐1998, was found to be one of an annual supply of eddies that transport fresh water and nutrients into the mid‐gulf from the Alaskan panhandle and the Canadian west coast.Haida‐1998's core had an unusually high elevation, making it one of the largest eddies ever observed in this region. Its strength is attributed to oceanic features associated with the 1997–1998 El Niño winter. The eddy was still active in early July 1999 and is expected to remain intact into the year 2000. By that time it will be one of the last surviving features of the 1997–1998 El Niño in the northeast Pacific Ocean.
Scientists confer on magnetospheric current systems from a global viewpoint
Authors: Ohtani Shin‐ichi , Fujii Ryo‐ichi 
Published: October 2011

A ubiquitous feature of all magnetospheres is the presence of magnetic field and plasma. Their spatial and temporal variations can be addressed in terms of the electromagnetic coupling between one region of the magnetosphere and another.Outstanding issues of electromagnetic processes in the magnetosphere from the global viewpoint were revisited early this year at the Chapman Conference on Magnetospheric Current Systems. The conference emphasized interregional processes, such as the coupling between the magnetosphere and ionosphere, and driving sources of currents, such as the solar‐wind driven dynamo at the magnetopause.
Climate Workshop urges interdisciplinary paleo simulations, analyses
Authors: Weber S. L. , von Storch H. 
Published: October 2011

In the past decade, climate research has made considerable progress in understanding and modeling climate on timescales of years to decades. At the same time, increasingly more proxies of climatic variables have been detected. Significant progress has been achieved in aligning this evidence in time.A workshop earlier this year on the state of the art of climate variability studies called for utilizing coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation models (GCMs) for simulating and analyzing paleoclimatic variability. A fresh attempt is warranted to systematically combine the skills of climate modelers, climate diagnosticians, and paleoclimatologists, agreed participants at the workshop, “Climate Variability on Multidecadal to Millennial Timescales,” sponsored jointly by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute KNMI and the German Federal Research Laboratory GKSS.