bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Surface Electromyography of the Vastus Lateralis Muscle in Dogs at a Walk with Joint Kinematics and Ground Reaction Forces
Authors: BOCKSTAHLER BARBARA B. , GESKY ROLAND , MUELLER MARION , THALHAMMER JOHANN G. , PEHAM CHRISTIAN , PODBREGAR I. 
Published: July 2009

Objective—To describe the activity pattern of the vastus lateralis muscle in dogs at walk measured by surface electromyography (EMG) in relation to kinematics and kinetics of the pelvic limb.Study Design—Experimental.Animals—Malinois dogs (n=11).Methods—Dogs (mean ± SD age, 5.5 ± 2.9 years; weight, 27.3 ± 3.8 kg; shoulder height, 62.7 ± 3.3 cm) walked on a treadmill system with integrated force plates, which allowed simultaneous analysis of kinematics, kinetics, and EMG data from all limbs. The maxima, minima, and their time of occurrence in the motion cycle of the EMG and the pelvic limb kinematics and kinetics were calculated; correlations between joint movement patterns, ground reaction forces (GRF), and activity pattern of the muscle group were investigated.Results—The vastus lateralis muscle had an activity pattern with 2 peaks and a close positive correlation with GRF. The 1st peak occurred in early stance, followed by a decrease in activity during mid‐stance. The 2nd peak occurred directly before the quick activity decrease in late stance phase, reaching its minimum early in swing phase.Conclusions—These results suggest that the vastus lateralis muscle supports the vertical position and elevation of the pelvis during stance and push‐off. During early stance, the muscle acts as a coantagonist to the hamstring muscle group and the gastrocnemius muscle, and restrains flexion during the late stance.Clinical Relevance—Results of this study could enhance diagnosis of locomotor system disorders and facilitate monitoring effects of treatments (e.g., therapeutic exercises) on gait ability and muscle function.
A Lateral Approach to the Repair of Propagating Fractures of the Medial Condyle of the Third Metacarpal and Metatarsal Bone in 18 Racehorses
Authors: WRIGHT IAN M. , SMITH MATTHEW R. W. 
Published: July 2009

Objectives—To report the technique, observations on fracture configurations and results of treatment by fixation lag screw following the fracture plane determined by an approach to the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone (MC3/MT3) that begins laterally over the metacarpo(metatarso)phalangeal joint and extends dorsally over the diaphysis of the bone.Study Design—Case series.Animals—Thoroughbred horses (n=18) with propagating fractures of the medial condyle of MC3/MT3.Methods—Retrospective analysis of case records of horses with fractures of the medial condyle of MC3/MT3 that propagated sagittaly or in a spiral configuration into the diaphysis, repaired surgically under general anesthesia by screw fixation in lag fashion through a lateral approach with periosteal reflection.Results—Fractures were readily identified at surgery, enabling screw fixation in lag fashion following the fracture plane. Fracture configurations varied and could be classified as sagittal and spiral fractures with fractures within each group generally following a similar course. All horses recovered relatively uneventfully from general anesthesia and surgery, and all fractures healed well. Thirteen horses returned to training; 5 subsequently raced.Conclusions—Repair of propagating sagittal and spiral fractures of the medial condyle of MC3/MT3 with diaphyseal involvement, through a lateral approach with periosteal reflection permits stable fixation with minimal complications. In this series there were no catastrophic failures.Clinical relevance—Fractures of the medial condyle of MC3/MT3 that propagate either sagittaly or in a spiral configuration into the diaphysis can be successfully repaired with screw fixation in lag fashion using a lateral approach with periosteal reflection.
Acute Phase Response to Surgery of Varying Intensity in Horses: A Preliminary Study
Authors: JACOBSEN STINE , NIELSEN JON VEDDING , KJELGAARD‐HANSEN MADS , TOELBOELL TRINE , FJELDBORG JULIE , HALLING‐THOMSEN MAJ , MARTINUSSEN TORBEN , THOEFNER MARTIN BANG 
Published: July 2009

Objective—To evaluate the postoperative inflammatory response of horses to elective surgery of varying intensity.Study Design—Prospective longitudinal study.Animals—Horses referred to 2 hospitals for either arthroscopic removal of a unilateral osteochondritic lesion in the tibiotarsal joint (minimal surgical trauma, n=11), correction of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy by laryngoplasty and ventriculectomy (intermediate surgical trauma, n=10) or removal of an ovarian tumor by laparotomy (major surgical trauma, n=5).Methods—Horses had a thorough clinical examination every day. White blood cell (WBC) counts and concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen, and iron were assessed in blood samples obtained before, and 1–3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 days after surgery. Differences in levels of the inflammatory markers between the 3 surgical groups were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.Results—Postoperative concentrations of SAA and fibrinogen were significantly higher in horses that had laparotomy and ovariectomy than in horses that had laryngoplasty and ventriculectomy, or arthroscopy. Iron concentrations decreased to lower levels after intermediate and major surgical trauma than after small surgical trauma. WBC count did not differ between the 3 groups.Conclusions—Levels of SAA, fibrinogen, and iron reflected the intensity of the surgical trauma, whereas WBC count did not.Clinical Relevance—Postoperative measurements of SAA, fibrinogen, and iron may be useful for comparing surgical trauma associated with new and established surgical techniques. Moreover, knowledge of the normal postoperative acute phase response is essential, if acute phase reactants are to be used for monitoring occurrence of postoperative infections.
Achilles Tendon Repair in Dogs Using the Semitendinosus Muscle: Surgical Technique and Short‐Term Outcome in Five Dogs
Authors: BALTZER WENDY I. , RIST PAUL 
Published: July 2009

Objective—To describe augmentation of primary Achilles tendon repair using suture with a semitendinosus muscle flap and report outcome in 5 dogs.Study Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—Dogs (n=5) with Achilles tendon rupture (n=6).Methods—After tendon repair with #2 polypropylene in a 3‐loop pulley suture pattern, the lateral one‐half of the semitendinosus muscle was transected from the ischium, rotated distally then sutured with #2 polypropylene to the calcaneus in a 3‐loop pulley pattern. The epitenon was sutured to the muscle flap fascia with interrupted sutures. All dogs had a bivalved cast for 2 weeks then a cranial splint for 2–6 weeks. Lameness scores (0=stands and walks normally to 4=non‐weight‐bearing lameness, plantigrade stance on affected pelvic limb) were determined every 2–3 weeks postoperatively for 12 weeks. Outcome was determined from telephone questionnaire of owners.Results—Four had lameness scores of 0, the 5th had a score of 1 at 12 weeks. Three owners were very satisfied with outcome. Minor complications included cast sores (2 dogs), infection (2), and acute swelling (1); 1 major complication occurred (infection resulting in reoperation).Conclusions—Semitendinosus flap augmentation resulted in early return to function without prolonged postoperative immobilization. Three dogs returned to full work/activity after repair.Clinical Relevance—Augmentation of primary Achilles tendon repair with a semitendinosus flap can be considered in dogs with chronic rupture but further investigation of the long‐term outcome using this technique is needed.
Multiple Rib Fracture Repair in a Neonatal Holstein Calf
Authors: AHERN BENJAMIN J. , LEVINE DAVID G. 
Published: July 2009

Objectives— To report rib fracture repair in a neonatal calf using the Securos® Cranial Cruciate Ligament Repair System (SCCLRS).Study Design— Case report.Animals— A 2‐day‐old female Holstein calf with fracture of right ribs 4–10.Methods— On the day of admission the calf was anesthetized and rib fractures were repaired using open reduction and the SCCLRS.Results— Rib fractures were successfully stabilized and the calf discharged from the hospital 8 days postoperatively.Conclusions— Modification of previously reported use of the SCCLRS to repair rib fractures in foals was required because of the different anatomy in the calf. This new technique was rapidly and easily performed for a large number of fractured ribs in this case.Clinical Relevance— Effective rib fracture repair in calves can be readily performed using the SCCLRS with modification of the technique reported in foals.
Femoral Medullary Infarction Prevalence with the Zurich Cementless Canine Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: MARSOLAIS GREGORY S. , PECK JEFFREY N. , BERRY CLIFFORD , JOHNSON ANN 
Published: July 2009

Objective—To document the prevalence of femoral medullary infarction associated with the Zurich Cementless Total Hip Replacement (ZCTHR) system in dogs.Study Design—Case series.Animals—Dogs (n=35) with 41 ZCTHR implants.Methods—Medical records (February 1999–December 2002) were reviewed for dogs that had ZCTHR and at least 1 year follow‐up with radiographic evaluation. Thirty‐five dogs (41 ZCTHR) met the inclusion criteria. Femoral morphologic data, implant to bone relationships, and medullary infarcts were recorded. Data were analyzed for associations between infarct occurrence and morphologic details and dog characteristics.Results—Eight of 41 femurs had radiographic evidence of infarcts (19.5%). Dogs with infarcts were significantly younger (mean [±SD] age, 18.5±5.2 months) compared with those without infarction (mean age, 44.4±5.6months;P=.027). None of the other variables were significantly different between dogs with and without infarcts. Three femurs with infarcts ultimately developed stem loosening.Conclusion—A higher prevalence of femoral medullary infarcts was identified with ZCTHR compared with incidence reported for other total hip systems. Younger dogs were more likely to develop infarction.Clinical Relevance—Femoral infarction appears to be associated with stem loosening. Adjustments in surgical technique or delaying surgery beyond 18 months of age may reduce incidence of infarction but needs further evaluation.
Expressions of p53, cyclinD1 and histopathological features in basal cell carcinomas
Authors: Koseoglu Resit D. , Sezer Engin , Eyibilen Ahmet , Aladag Ibrahim , Etikan Ilker 
Published: July 2009

Background: We planned this study to analyze probable associations between p53, cyclinD1, Ki67 and histopathological features in basal cell carcinomas (BCC).Methods: Histological differentiation types, histological growth patterns and tissue responses were analyzed in 50 cases of BCC. In immunohistochemical analysis, p53, cyclinD1 and Ki67 antibodies were investigated. P53 expression was evaluated based on a cut‐off value of 25% positivity. CyclinD1 expression was graded from 0 to 3+ according to the percentage of positive nuclear staining. The percentage of positively staining cells for Ki67 was recorded.Results: The following significant correlations were detected. Solid infiltrative type differentiation was related to the infiltrative histological growth pattern. The rates of p53 positivity and severe fibrosis in the groups of mixed and infiltrative growth patterns were higher than others. Besides, p53‐positive cases showed more severe fibrosis and had a higher mean value for Ki67 index. Epidermal p53 and cyclinD1 clones in normal epidermal areas adjacent to tumors were noticed in 42% and 52% of the cases, respectively.Conclusions: P53 expression seems to be related to Ki67 index and some histopathological features of BCC, such as infiltrative histological growth pattern and probably fibrosis.
Skin biopsy is helpful for the diagnosis of incontinentia pigmenti at late stage (IV): a series of 26 cutaneous biopsies
Authors: Fraitag Sylvie , Rimella Aude , De Prost Yves , Brousse Nicole , Hadj‐Rabia Smail , Bodemer Christine 
Published: July 2009

Background: Hypochromic streaks can be the only cutaneous sign of incontinentia pigmenti (IP) in adulthood (stage IV). Discovery of such lesions in an adult female with no family history of IP is essential for appropriate genetic counselling.Objective: To describe and to validate the histological features of residual skin lesions in adult IP.Methods: The analysis and comparison of skin biopsies of 26 women affected with molecularly confirmed IP.Results: Most biopsies showed slight atrophy and some scattered apoptotic cells in the epidermis, epidermal hypopigmentation and reduced melanocyte number. The dermis appeared thickened and homogeneous and revealed a complete absence of hair follicles (23/26) and sweat glands (22/26). There was no melanin incontinence or inflammatory cells, and the elastic network was normal.Conclusion: These features lead unequivocally to the diagnosis of a stage IV IP skin lesion. Consequently, histology is a major confirmatory criterion for diagnoses of these mild clinical forms of IP. It is therefore a useful tool in genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. Moreover, the observations described here may contribute to understanding the physiopathology of the late stages of IP.
The universal detection of antigens from one skin biopsy specimen
Authors: Van Der Velden Haike M. J. , Van De Kerkhof Peter C. M. , Pasch Marcel C. , De Boer‐van Huizen Roelie T. , Van Lingen Rosanne G. , Van Erp Piet E. J. 
Published: July 2009

Background: Immunohistochemistry is an important tool in dermatology but is limited. Certain antigens can only be preserved in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sections, while others can only be detected on frozen sections, resulting in situations where two biopsies are needed. We aimed to develop a technique for universal detection of different antigens out of just one biopsy specimen.Methods: Single biopsies were obtained from lesional skin of patients with psoriasis. Standard sample procedures for frozen and paraffin‐embedded sections were used. To convert frozen tissue into paraffin‐embedded sections, the biopsy specimen was disposed of the embedding medium and subsequently fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. We applied various antigen retrieval techniques with alkaline solutions. The differential expression of keratin 10, keratin 15, CD3, CD26 and human beta defensin‐2 (HBD‐2) was examined using immunohistochemical staining.Results: We showed that keratin 10 and 15 can be stained on both frozen and paraffin‐embedded sections. Staining of paraffin‐embedded sections required unmasking with trypsin and Tris‐buffered saline Tween solution, respectively. CD3 and CD26 can only be detected on frozen sections, while HBD‐2 can only be detected on paraffin‐embedded sections.Conclusion: We have described a straightforward technique that gives us the opportunity to use just one biopsy specimen to obtain frozen sections as well as paraffin‐embedded sections.
Oral verrucous hyperplasia: histologic classification, prognosis, and clinical implications
Authors: Wang Yi‐Ping , Chen Hsin‐Ming , Kuo Ru‐Cheng , Yu Chuan‐Hang , Sun Andy , Liu Bu‐Yuan , Kuo Ying‐Shiung , Chiang Chun‐Pin 
Published: July 2009

Background:  Oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) is a premalignant lesion that may transform into an oral cancer.Methods:  Sixty consecutive OVH cases were collected from 2003 to 2004. Clinicopathological features and the 5‐year malignant transformation rate of these 60 OVH lesions were evaluated and analyzed.Results:  We found that 84% of OVH lesions occurred in patients between 40 and 69 years of age. The most common site for OVH lesions was the buccal mucosa (48%), followed by the tongue (20%), palate (18%), gingiva (7%), and labial mucosa (7%). Approximately 91% of OVH patients were areca quid chewers and 89% were smokers. When 60 OVH lesions were classified into 30 plaque‐typed and 30 mass‐typed OVH lesions, the mass‐typed OVH lesions had a higher malignant transformation rate of 17% (5/30) than the plaque‐typed OVH lesions (3%, 1/30) during a mean follow‐up period of 59 ± 7 months. The mean time for malignant transformation was 22 ± 11 months. Of the 6 OVH lesions with malignant transformation, 2 underwent total surgical excision and 4 did not receive any form of therapy.Conclusions:  We conclude that OVH lesions occur more commonly on the buccal mucosa and are highly associated with the areca quid chewing and cigarette smoking habits. The overall 5‐year malignant transformation rate of 60 OVH lesions was 10%. The mass‐typed OVH lesions had a higher malignant transformation rate than the plaque‐typed OVH lesions and thus should receive an immediate treatment, such as total surgical excision or photodynamic therapy, after the histopathologic diagnosis.
N1‐guanyl‐1,7,‐diamineoheptane, an inhibitor of deoxyhypusine synthase, suppresses differentiation and induces apoptosis via mitochondrial and AMPK pathways in immortalized and malignant human oral keratinocytes
Authors: Lee S.‐K. , Lee J. , Lee S.‐I. , Bae W.‐J. , Lee Y.‐M. , Park J.‐S. , Lee S.‐K. , Park S.‐J. , Min S.‐K. , Kim E.‐C. 
Published: July 2009

Background:  Although N1‐guanyl‐1,7,‐diamineoheptane (GC7), an inhibitor of deoxyhypusine synthase, has been shown to inhibit cell growth, the mechanism of its action is not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of the effects of GC7 on cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis in relation to adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, as AMPK is known to be a possible target for cancer treatment.Methods:  The effects of GC7 on the growth of immortalized human oral keratinocytes (IHOK) and primary oral cancer cells (HN4), was investigated using MTT assay, Western blotting, cell cycle analysis, DNA fragmentation and expression of apoptotic pathway proteins.Results:  N1‐guanyl‐1,7,‐diamineoheptane inhibited cell proliferation in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner in IHOK and HN4 cells. GC7 treatment decreased the expression of differentiation markers, such as involucrin, CK13 and CK19. The major mechanism of growth inhibition by GC7 treatment was induction of apoptosis, which is supported by sub‐G1 phase arrest, annexin V‐FITC staining and DNA fragmentation analysis. GC7 treatment increased the cytosolic level of cytochrome c and resulted in caspase‐3 activation. GC7 treatment also resulted in a strong activation of AMPK. Furthermore, specific AMPK activator blocked the GC7‐induced growth inhibition effect, as well as apoptosis.Conclusion:  These results demonstrate that GC7 blocks immortalized and malignant keratinocyte cell proliferation and differentiation by inducing apoptosis through the mitochondrial and AMPK pathways. On the basis of these observations, we propose that a strategy combining GC7 and AMPK inhibition could be developed into a novel chemotherapeutic modality in oral cancer.
HCMV‐Encoded Glycoprotein M (UL100) Interacts with Rab11 Effector Protein FIP4
Authors: Krzyzaniak Magdalena A. , Mach Michael , Britt William J. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract The envelope of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) consists of a large number of glycoproteins. The most abundant glycoprotein in the HCMV envelope is the glycoprotein M (UL100), which together with glycoprotein N (UL73) form the gM/gN protein complex. Using yeast two‐hybrid screening, we found that the gM carboxy‐terminal cytoplasmic tail (gM‐CT) interacts with FIP4, a Rab11‐GTPase effector protein. Depletion of FIP4 expression in HCMV‐infected cells resulted in a decrease in infectious virus production that was also associated with an alteration of the HCMV assembly compartment (AC) phenotype. A similar phenotype was also observed in HCMV‐infected cells that expressed dominant negative Rab11(S25N). Recently, it has been shown that FIP4 interactions with Rab11 and additionally with Arf6/Arf5 are important for the vesicular transport of proteins in the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC) and during cytokinesis. Surprisingly, FIP4 interaction with gM‐CT limited binding of FIP4 with Arf5/Arf6; however, FIP4 interaction with gM‐CT did not prevent recruitment of Rab11 into the ternary complex. These data argued for a contribution of the ERC during cytoplasmic envelopment of HCMV and showed a novel FIP4 function independent of Arf5 or Arf6 activity.
Most very low birth weight subjects do well as adults
Authors: Gäddlin P‐O , Finnström O , Sydsjö G , Leijon I 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim:  To study health, quality of life, educational level and occupation in very low birth weight (VLBW) children in early adulthood and the relationship of the findings to neonatal risk factors and later handicap.Methods:  This is a prospective long‐term follow‐up study of a regional cohort of 20‐year‐old VLBW subjects (n = 77) of all surviving VLBW children (n = 86) and 69/86 term controls born in 1987–1988 in the south‐east of Sweden. Postal questionnaires were used: 1. A study‐specific form, 2. Medical Outcomes Study, Short Form (SF‐36), 3. Sense of Coherence.Results:  VLBW subjects did not differ significantly from their controls in self‐perceived health, use of tobacco, education, occupation and way of living, or scoring on SF‐36 and Sense of Coherence. Sixteen had cerebral palsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or isolated mental retardation, and these subjects differed significantly from controls on SF‐36 in physical functioning and physical health score, but not on Sense of Coherence. VLBW subjects were significantly lighter and shorter than their controls. Extremely low birth weight (ELBW), bronchopulmonary dysplasia and intraventricular haemorrhage were significantly associated with poorer scores on physical function.Conclusion:  The 20‐year old VLBW subjects reported perceived health and managed transition to adulthood similar to controls. Handicapped subjects had poorer self‐perceived physical function. ELBW and severe neonatal complications were associated with poorer self‐perceived physical health.
The paediatrician – past, present and future – a conversation with Nils Rosén von Rosenstein
Authors: Kjellmer Ingemar 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn imagined conversation takes place with the author of the first textbook of Paediatrics, Nils Rosén von Rosenstein. Enormous progress in the prevention and treatment of diseases of children is demonstrated. But a different spectrum of diseases has replaced the old one. And in spite of unprecedented material well‐being a substantial minority of our children cannot make full use of their capabilities.Conclusion:  We must resume the full responsibility for our children and act as their advocates in society.