bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial Cricotracheal Resection in Children Weighing Less than 10 Kilograms
Authors: Ikonomidis Christos , George Mercy , Jaquet Yves , Monnier Philippe 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVESTo assess the long‐term outcome, safety, and efficacy of partial cricotracheal resection (PCTR) for subglottic stenosis in a group of children and infants weighing less than 10 kg at the time of the surgery.STUDY DESIGNHistorical cohort study.SETTINGAcademic tertiary medical center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThirty‐six children weighing less than 10 kg at the time of the surgery were compared to a group of 65 children who weighed more than 10 kg. The Kaplan Meier method and Cox regression were carried out to detect differences in decannulation time and rates and to examine the influence of various parameters (i.e., comorbidities, type of surgery, and complications requiring revision surgery) at the time of decannulation. Evaluation of the long‐term outcome was based on questionnaires assessing breathing, voice, and swallowing.RESULTSDecannulation rate was 92 percent (33/36) for the group of children weighing less than 10 kg. No significant differences were found between the two body weight groups with respect to the aforementioned covariates. The median follow‐up period was nine years (range, 1–23 yrs). Questionnaire responses revealed completely normal breathing and swallowing in 72 percent and 90 percent of the children, respectively. Seventy‐one percent of the patients considered their voice to be rough or weak.CONCLUSIONPCTR in infants and children weighing less than 10 kg is a safe and efficient technique with similar long‐term results when compared to results seen in older and heavier children.
Corpus-based contrastive analysis and ­translation universals
Authors: Rabadán Rosa , Labrador Belén , Ramón Noelia 
Published: December 2009

Project) developed at the University of León (Spain) for identifying instances of low-quality rendering of grammatical features when translating from English into Spanish using translation universals. The analysis provides information about: i) the resources available (or absence thereof) in each of the languages to express a given meaning and their relative centrality; ii) the solutions favored by translators to bridge the cross-linguistic disparities and/or gaps; iii) the erroneous or non-existent uses and structures transferred from the source language into the target language. These results can be systematized in terms of simplification, interference, or unique grammatical features. Additional areas that can benefit from this type of research are translation practice, translator training and foreign language teaching (FLT).
Assessing translation quality is generally seen as a difficult task because of the inadequacy of the tools available. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of a corpus-based contrastive methodology (ACTRES
Instructing novice consecutive interpreters
Authors: Al-Rubai'i Alya' M.H. Ahmad 
Published: December 2009

All aspects of human life rely on the most important cognitive ability that man has been endowed with, namely, memory. Some cognitive tasks such as consecutive interpreting put high demands on this powerful ability to the effect that it needs special training to cope with those demands. The interpreter is required to perform a number of complex cognitive activities in order to transpose the original message from one socio-cultural environment into another. Unless his memory is able to perform well, his task will be adversely affected.
In this paper, an attempt is made to suggest a number of steps that provide special training to novice interpreters with the aim of improving the performance of their memory. This is done in a preparatory training course that does not involve consecutive interpreting but working from and into the same language. If the instructor manages to help the trainee overcome memory problems in advance, he can smoothly introduce him to the process and strategies of consecutive interpretation proper. The steps suggested proceed over three phases: (1) attentive listening, meaningful analysis and visualizing, (2) anticipation and note-taking, and (3) rephrasing.
Address pronouns as a problem in French–Swedish translation and translation revision
Authors: Künzli Alexander 
Published: December 2009

The choice of the appropriate address pronoun is notoriously difficult in spoken and written communication. In French, there are two parallel address systems, with either unmarked T (tu) or V (vous). In Swedish, on the other hand, the T form du has been the general, usual form since the 1960s. In recent years, V (ni) has started to reappear, at least in service and business situations. The choice of the appropriate address pronoun may thus constitute a problem in French–Swedish translation. Process and product data were collected with 20 trainee translators and professional translators who were asked to translate a text or revise a draft translation respectively, while thinking aloud. The analysis of the Swedish target texts reveals both interindividual variation in the choice of the address pronoun, and intraindividual variation, with several participants showing inconsistent address use. Process data from the think-aloud protocols highlight the effort even experienced translators invest in finding the appropriate address pronoun.
Academic discourse and translation from Arabic
Authors: Bardají Anna Gil 
Published: December 2009

Translation, like any other mechanism of text production, has the intrinsic potential of both producing and reinforcing a specific discourse. In spite of the never-ending debate about the discursive character of academic knowledge and Edward Said’s particular interpretation of Foucault in Orientalism, it is difficult to deny that for a long time many European universities have fostered some of the most important misconceptions about Arab culture(s). In this kind of academic discourse, translation plays a central role. Translated texts are one step further than those texts written about the other, for they are themselves the other (or at least a part of it).
We are indebted to countless generations of scholars responsible for most translations from Arabic. Nevertheless, the time has come to ask ourselves some important questions. Which texts have been translated from Arabic by European scholars and why? Which criteria have been used to translate these texts instead of others? What has been the influence of these translations on the target culture? Which representations of Arab culture can we find in these translations and their paratexts (introductions, forewords, reviews, footnotes, etc.)? 	Arabic studies in Spain have been reviewed by J. T. Monroe, Manzanares de Cirre, López García, etc., yet none of them have approached directly the problem of translation or its implications for the construction of a specific canon. In Spain, this canon has been restricted to the Andalusian heritage for a long time (especially in the fields of history, philosophy, theology, sciences and poetry) and to some universal works, such as The Arabian Nights, and has only opened itself to other spheres of the Arab culture in the last decades. 	My aim in this paper is to present, from a critical perspective, some of the results of my analysis of a corpus of translations from Arabic — carried out by an eminent Spanish Arabist — and to use these results to understand how translation has helped to construct a specific academic discourse in Spain about Arab culture and particularly about al-Andalus.
Using tagging experiments to evaluate the potential of closed areas in protecting migratory Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Schopka Sigfus A. , Solmundsson Jon , Ragnarsson Stefan Aki , Thorsteinsson Vilhjalmur 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Schopka, S. A., Solmundsson, J., Ragnarsson, S. A., and Thorsteinsson, V. 2010. Using tagging experiments to evaluate the potential of closed areas in protecting migratory Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1024–1035. About 5200 cod (Gadus morhua) were tagged on three fishing grounds and within two marine protected areas (MPAs) northwest of Iceland. Two of the fishing grounds were closed to otter trawling, and the third was open to all fishing gear. Tagged fish were divided into two size classes, below (small) and above (large) a reference length of 55 cm, and the following variables were estimated: (i) proportion of the recaptured small cod that did not reach the reference size, (ii) size increase from tagging to recapture, (iii) time at liberty, and (iv) spatial distribution of recaptures. For the small cod, the results suggest that not only protection status but also the distance to areas of intense fishing mainly account for differences in the variables among tagging areas. No differences were observed for the large cod among tagging areas. The results show that immature cod are relatively stationary, but perform seasonal migrations between feeding and spawning grounds after reaching maturity. The estimated distribution of tagged cod generally changed after standardizing the recapture data with fishing effort (catch per unit area). Our results suggest that area closures on nursery grounds can be useful in protecting immature cod, but the MPAs studied are of little use in protecting highly migratory adults.
Jilted? The manager's little book for keeping customers in a recession
Authors: Latham Scott F. , Braun Michael R. 
Published: December 2009

PurposeIn this paper, the authors build a prescriptive framework for managers to help assess potential shifts in consumer behavior during economic recession. The framework offers a guide to help evaluate the extent of customer attrition risks, and to devise customer‐centric strategies to stabilize businesses in light of recessionary demand shocks.Design/methodology/approachThe framework is built based on insights gained from surveying approximately 500 small, medium‐sized, and large businesses during the 2001‐2002 and 2007‐present recession. The executives surveyed worked in a wide array of industries, at organizations that varied in size from one person to thousands of employees.FindingsThe framework suggests that the interaction between two consumer behavior dynamics – lock‐in and utility specificity – determines the extent of customer retention and attrition to businesses experiencing recession. As such, all organizations need to assess the likelihood that their customers will alter their purchases in response to recessionary pressures. The authors provide measures to help managers anticipate shifts in buying behavior and formulate appropriate responses for customer retention and acquisition.Originality/valueResearch on effective management strategies for coping with recessions remains one of the most important but nevertheless overlooked areas in strategic management. In most instances, prescriptions fall under two broad categories – i.e. seek out inefficiencies and reduce costs. The authors contend that for companies to successfully navigate recessionary environments they need to reach beyond efficiency measures to also adopt strategies minimizing customer loss during the recession and luring back buyers post‐recession. The authors offer insights to help managers evaluate customer acquisition and retention recession.
Competition and choice: banks and savings banks in Spain
Authors: Carles Maixé‐Altés J. 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how Spanish savings banks have come to compete directly with commercial banks. It also looks at how regulatory changes and corporate strategies have affected the nature of competition between the two types of bank in Spain.Design/methodology/approachThere is a re‐examination of the existing bibliography as a basis prior to the analysis of new data as identified in surviving records from the Bank of Spain and the Spanish Confederation of savings banks (Confederación Española de Cajas de Ahorro(CECA)).FindingsThe work adopts a novel approach to explaining the current status quo in the Spanish banking industry and refocuses the performance of Spanish savings banks. The analysis highlights the role of the diverse institutional agents, i.e. the banks, savings banks, cooperative banks and mutual banks and the role these play in the evolution of competition. The effectiveness of the managers, of both the CECA and the savings banks, is also placed under the spotlight, and the part they play in the development of collaborative competition. The trajectory of Spanish banking, post deregulation, has been somewhat different from that of its European counterparts over recent decades.Practical implicationsSome lessons for present day managers emerge as to the role of diversification rather than scale under an otherwise tight regulatory regime and the role of competitive collaboration in banking market.Originality/valueParticular attention is given to the impact that diverse organisational forms have on the evolution of competitive forces.
The response of Crohn’s strictures to endoscopic balloon dilation
Authors: MUELLER T. , RIEDER B. , BECHTNER G. , PFEIFFER A. 
Published: December 2009

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 634–639SummaryBackground  Endoscopic balloon dilation has been shown to be an alternative to surgery in the treatment of Crohn’s symptomatic strictures.Aim  To analyse the impact of the type of the strictures –de novo or anastomotic – their location and their length on the outcome of endoscopic balloon dilation.Methods  Between December 1999 and June 2008, 55 patients underwent 93 balloon dilations for 74 symptomatic strictures. One stricture was located in the duodenum, 39 strictures were in the terminal ileum, 17 at the ileocoecal anastomosis after a preceding resection and 17 in the colon.Results  Endoscopic treatment was successful in 76% of the patients during an observation period of 44 (1–103) months. Of the patients, 24% required surgery. All patients who underwent surgery had de novo strictures in the terminal ileum. These strictures were significantly longer compared with the ileal strictures that responded to endoscopic treatment [7.5 (1–25) cm vs. 2.5 (1–25) cm; P = 0.006].Conclusions  The long‐term success of endoscopic balloon dilation depends on the type of the strictures, their location and their length. Failure of endoscopic treatment was observed only in long‐segment strictures in the terminal ileum.
Glycemic Control in Critically Ill Patients Before and After Institution of an Intensive Insulin Infusion Protocol: Circadian Rhythm and the Quality Duration Calculator
Authors: Keene Adam , Hailpern Susan , Anees Syed , Sandhu Jaswinderpal , Harris Mary , Ashton Lori , Bellin Eran 
Published: December 2009

Introduction: A circadian rhythm of blood glucose values has been recently reported in critically ill patients, but there are no reports of how this rhythm is altered by a continuous intensive insulin infusion therapy protocol (IIT). We wished to examine the effect of IIT on this rhythm as well as to describe the use of the quality duration calculator (QDC) for the evaluation of glycemic control before and after IIT. Methods: This was a retrospective multihospital observational study that took place in the medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs) of 2 tertiary care hospitals. Cohorts of consecutively admitted critically ill patients from 2-year periods before and after institution of an IIT protocol were examined. Laboratory, demographic, and outcome data were extracted from hospital databases. Results: We studied 167,645 blood glucose measurements from 8,327 patients. We observed a circadian rhythm of blood glucose control in the pre-IIT cohort that was greatly attenuated in the post-IIT cohort. The difference between the morning and the average daily blood glucose in the pre-IIT cohort was 3.53 mg/dL (P < .001), and the difference between these values in the post-IIT cohort was 1.10 mg/dL (P = .031). In addition, the circadian nature of hyperglycemia incidence observed in the pre-IIT cohort was not seen in the post-IIT cohort. The amount of time spent in goal glycemic range increased from 23.69% (95% CI 23.01-24.38) in the pre-IIT cohort to 29.67% (95% CI 29.04-30.31) in the post-IIT cohort as estimated by the QDC. The amount of time spent in the hyperglycemic decreased from 20.17% (95% CI 19.33-20.99) in the pre-IIT cohort to 14.80% (95% CI 14.15-15.39) in the post-IIT cohort. Conclusions: The circadian rhythm of blood glucose control confirmed in our pre-IIT cohort was lost after institution of IIT. The morning blood glucose value appears to be a reasonable surrogate of overall glycemic control in a critically ill population on IIT, although this may vary based on the degree of control achieved. The QDC method is useful for analyzing glycemic control in patients on IIT.
Hybrid Procedures for Complex Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Early Results and Secondary Interventions
Authors: Muehling Bernd M. , Bischoff G. , Schelzig H. , Sunder-Plassmann L. , Orend K.H. 
Published: December 2009

Background: Hybrid procedures for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) have been previously described as an attractive alternative to open reconstruction. Patients and Methods: Between 1999 and 2009, 16 patients with a median age of 67years underwent hybrid repair of a TAAA (Crawford type I: 3, type II: 3, type III: 1, and type IV: 9). In 94%, 3 and more severe comorbidities were present, with previous aortic surgery in 56% of the patients; elective/urgent repair was done in 10 and emergent surgery in 6 patients. Results: Primary technical success was 100%, with 31 vessels grafted. Elective/urgent mortality was 20% (2 of 10) and emergent mortality 50% (3 of 6). During follow-up time (median: 12 months) 2 patients died and 2 patients had to undergo secondary interventions. Conclusion: In high-risk patients especially after prior aortic surgery hybrid repair of TAAA is feasible. However, due to high mortality rates especially in the emergent situation this procedure should be reserved only for decidedly selected patients.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in Obese Patients: Improved Outcome After Endovascular Treatment Compared With Open Surgery
Authors: Jonker Frederik H. W. , Schlösser Felix J. V. , Dewan Michael , Huddle Matthew , Sergi Michael , Indes Jeffrey E. , Dardik Alan , Muhs Bart E. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To investigate outcomes in obese patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) treated with elective open or endovascular repair (EVAR). Study Design: We compared the outcomes of obese patients with AAA treated with elective open repair and EVAR. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m 2. Results: A total of 56 patients with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 were identified for analysis (mean age 70 ± 8 years; mean BMI 34 ± 4 kg/m2, and 95% [n = 53] were male). Open surgery was performed in 55% (n = 31). The in-hospital complication rate (including nonsurvivors) was significantly increased after open repair compared with EVAR (26% vs 4%, P = .033). Mortality did not differ significantly during 3 years of follow-up (P = .816). Length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and need for ventilation were significantly increased after open surgery compared with EVAR. Conclusions: We observed improved short-term outcomes among obese AAA patients after EVAR compared to open repair. Endovascular repair may be preferable in obese patients with AAA.
Management of a Catecholamine-Secreting Paraganglioma Requiring Aortic Reconstruction
Authors: Daab Leo J. , Cook Patrick , Woo Karen , Hye Robert , Paluch Thomas , Plecha Edward 
Published: December 2009

Introduction: Retroperitoneal paragangliomas are rare extraadrenal pheochromocytomas that can involve major vascular structures. Results and discussion: A case of periaortic catecholamine-secreting paraganglioma was reviewed and literature search performed to summarize the current surgical management of this disease process. Conclusion: Resection for cure of retroperitoneal paragangliomas with vascular reconstruction can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality with the use of current vascular techniques.
Midterm Results From Internal Iliac Artery Branched Endovascular Stent Grafts
Authors: Karthikesalingam Alan , Parmar Jitesh , Cousins Claire , Hayes Paul D. , Varty Kevin , Boyle Jonathan R. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the midterm feasibility, efficacy and safety of internal iliac artery branch grafts for endovascular repair of aortoiliac, common iliac, and internal iliac artery aneurysms. Methods: Between December 2006 and September 2008, 8 patients underwent elective endovascular repair of aortoiliac, common iliac, and internal iliac artery aneurysms. Computed tomography aortography (CTA) was used to detect postoperative endoleak, stent migration, branch patency, and aneurysm sac expansion. Results: All stent grafts were correctly implanted. However, intraoperative branch occlusion occurred in 2 of 8 cases. Both occlusions have been managed conservatively, with only 1 patient suffering detrimental symptoms. One endoleak was found. Median follow up by CT was 402 days (range 77 to 718 days). No patients died. Conclusions: Midterm results are encouraging for endovascular branch grafts to include the internal iliac artery. However, patient selection is of great importance and our series illustrates the value of caution and multidisciplinary teamwork.
KLF2-induced actin shear fibers control both alignment to flow and JNK signaling in vascular endothelium
Authors: Boon Reinier A. , Leyen Thomas A. , Fontijn Ruud D. , Fledderus Joost O. , Baggen Josefien M. C. , Volger Oscar L. , van Nieuw Amerongen Geerten P. , Horrevoets Anton J. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe shear stress–induced transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) confers antiinflammatory properties to endothelial cells through the inhibition of activator protein 1, presumably by interfering with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. To gain insight into the regulation of these cascades by KLF2, we used antibody arrays in combination with time-course mRNA microarray analysis. No gross changes in MAPKs were detected; rather, phosphorylation of actin cytoskeleton-associated proteins, including focal adhesion kinase, was markedly repressed by KLF2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that KLF2-mediated inhibition of Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and its downstream targets ATF2/c-Jun is dependent on the cytoskeleton. Specifically, KLF2 directs the formation of typical short basal actin filaments, termed shear fibers by us, which are distinct from thrombin- or tumor necrosis factor-α–induced stress fibers. KLF2 is shown to be essential for shear stress–induced cell alignment, concomitant shear fiber assembly, and inhibition of JNK signaling. These findings link the specific effects of shear-induced KLF2 on endothelial morphology to the suppression of JNK MAPK signaling in vascular homeostasis via novel actin shear fibers.