bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of connexin‐36 gap junctions in alcohol intoxication and consumption
Authors: Steffensen Scott C. , Bradley Katie D. , Hansen David M. , Wilcox Jeffrey D. , Wilcox Rebecca S. , Allison David W. , Merrill Collin B. , Edwards Jeffrey G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractVentral tegmental area (VTA) GABA neurons appear to be critical substrates underlying the acute and chronic effects of ethanol on dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the mesocorticolimbic system implicated in alcohol reward. The aim of this study was to examine the role of midbrain connexin‐36 (Cx36) gap junctions (GJs) in ethanol intoxication and consumption. Using behavioral, molecular, and electrophysiological methods, we compared the effects of ethanol in mature Cx36 knockout (KO) mice and age‐matched wild‐type (WT) controls. Compared to WT mice, Cx36 KO mice exhibited significantly more ethanol‐induced motor impairment in the open field test, but less disruption in motor coordination in the rotarod paradigm. Cx36 KO mice, and WT mice treated with the Cx36 antagonist mefloquine (MFQ), consumed significantly less ethanol than their WT controls in the drink‐in‐the‐dark procedure. The firing rate of VTA GABA neurons in WT mice was inhibited by ethanol with an IC50of 0.25 g/kg, while VTA GABA neurons in KO mice were significantly less sensitive to ethanol. Dopamine neuron GABA‐mediated sIPSC frequency was reduced by ethanol (30 mM) in WT mice, but not affected in KO mice. Cx36 KO mice evinced a significant up‐regulation in DAT and D2 receptors in the VTA, as assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR. These findings demonstrate the behavioral relevance of Cx36 GJ‐mediated electrical coupling between GABA neurons in mature animals, and suggest that loss of coupling between VTA GABA neurons results in disinhibition of DA neurons, a hyper‐DAergic state and lowered hedonic valence for ethanol consumption. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of risperidone on development and expression of nicotine‐induced locomotor sensitization in rats
Authors: Akdag Elvin , Kayir Hakan , Uzbay Tayfun I. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIt has been shown that atypical antipsychotics significantly reduce smoking and alcohol consumption in schizophrenic patients. However, our knowledge about the effect of risperidone, especially on nicotine abuse is limited. We aimed to test the effects of risperidone in an animal model of nicotine‐induced locomotor sensitization, which represents initial neuroadaptations and continued behavioral changes in nicotine‐type dependence. To investigate the effect of risperidone on the development of nicotine‐induced locomotor sensitization, rats were pretreated with risperidone (0.025 and 0.050 mg kg−1) 30 min before the nicotine (0.5 mg kg−1, base) treatment, and locomotor activity was recorded for 30 min. This procedure was repeated every day for eight sessions. After a 6‐day drug‐free period, rats were challenged with nicotine (0.5 mg kg−1). To reveal the effect of risperidone on the expression of nicotine‐induced locomotor sensitization, rats were injected with nicotine for eight sessions. After a 6‐day drug‐free period, rats were pretreated with risperidone (0.025 and 0.050 mg kg−1) or vehicle 30 min before the nicotine (0.5 mg kg−1) challenge injection. Repeated administration of nicotine generated robust locomotor sensitization in rats. Risperidone pretreatment (0.050 mg kg−1) blocked the expression but not the development of nicotine‐induced locomotor sensitization in rats. Our results suggest that risperidone blocks the continuation of nicotine‐type addictive behavior, but it is ineffective on early adaptations in the initiation of nicotine addiction. Thus, this drug may have a limited beneficial effect in treatment of nicotine dependence. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional sensitivity to neuroinflammation: In vivo and in vitro studies
Authors: Liraz‐Zaltsman Sigal , Alexandrovich Alexander G. , Trembovler Victoria , Fishbein Ianai , Yaka Rami , Shohami Esther , Biegon Anat 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:Neuroinflammation is involved in several acute‐onset neuropathologies such as meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, and traumatic brain injury as well as in neurodegenerative diseases. All of these patholologies are associated with cognitive deficits. Using a model of pure neuroinflammation (intracisternal injection of endotoxin in mice), we tested the hypothesis that brain regions involved in cognition are the most vulnerable to inflammatory insults, and this vulnerability is an inherent property of neocortical neurons.Methods:Mice (n= 10/group) injected with endotoxin (LPS) or saline in the cisterna magna underwent neurobehavioral and cognitive testing followed by quantitative autoradiographic assessment of regional neuroinflammation with [3H]PK11195, an established marker of microgliosis. In parallel, cocultures of cortical and striatal neurons taken from embryonic day 19 rat embryos or postnatal day 1 mice expressing green fluorescent protein were exposed for 24 h to the proinflammatory cytokine TNFalpha, glutamate, or a combination of the two agents.Results:LPS‐treated mice exhibited significant deficits in memory and significant increases in specific PK11195 binding in cortical and hippocampal regions, but not in striatum. Cultured neurons of cortical origin showed significantly lower survival rate relative to striatal neurons in response to TNFalpha, glutamate, or a combination of the two agents. Furthermore, TNFalpha exerted neuroprotective rather than neurotoxic effects in the striatal but not in the cortical neurons.Conclusions:These results suggest that the cortex is inherently more sensitive than the striatum to the deleterious effects of neuroinflammation, and may offer an explanation for the preponderance of cognitive deficits in neuropathologies with a neuroinflammatory component. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measuring the impact of a science center on its community
Authors: Falk John H. , Needham Mark D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA range of sources support science learning, including the formal education system, libraries, museums, nature and Science Centers, aquariums and zoos, botanical gardens and arboretums, television programs, film and video, newspapers, radio, books and magazines, the Internet, community and health organizations, environmental organizations, and conversations with friends and family. This study examined the impact of one single part of this infrastructure, a Science Center. This study asked two questions. First, who in Los Angeles (L.A.) has visited the California Science Center and what factors best describe those who have and those who have not visited? Second, does visiting the California Science Center impact public science understanding, attitudes, and behaviors and if so, in what ways? Two random telephone surveys of L.A. county adults 18 years of age and over (n = 832;n = 1,008) were conducted; one in 2000, shortly after the opening of the totally redesigned and rebuilt Science Center and one in 2009, roughly a decade after opening. Samples were drawn from five racially, ethnically, and socio‐economically diverse communities generally representative of greater L.A. Results suggest that the Science Center is having an important impact on the science literacy of greater L.A. More than half of residents have visited the Science Center since it opened in 1998 and self‐report data indicate that those who have visited believe that the Science Center strongly influenced their science and technology understanding, attitudes, and behaviors. Importantly, Science Center visitors are broadly representative of the general population of greater L.A. including individuals from all races and ethnicities, ages, education, and income levels with some of the strongest beliefs of impact expressed by minority and low‐income individuals. The use of a conceptual “marker” substantiates these conclusions and suggests that the impact of the Science Center might even be greater than indicated by the mostly self‐report data reported here. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 1–12, 2011
Spirocyclic Boraamidinate Complexes of Lanthanide(III) Metals
Authors: Corrente Andrea M. , Chivers Tristram , Konu Jari 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe reaction of Li2[PhbamDipp] (PhbamDipp = PhB(NDipp)2; Dipp = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3) with lanthanum(III) triiodides LnI3(THF)3.5 (Ln = La, Sm) in THF produces complexes of the type [Li(THF)4]2[(PhbamDipp)2LnI], which were characterized in solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by single‐crystal X‐ray structural determinations. The ion‐separated complexes are comprised of a spirocyclic anion in which two PhbamDipp ligands and an iodide ion are linked to the five‐coordinate metal atom; charge balance is provided by two tetrasolvated lithium ions [Li(THF)4]+.
Eco‐evolutionary dynamics in herbivorous insect communities mediated by induced plant responses
Authors: Utsumi Shunsuke 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIt is increasingly recognized that the ecology of communities and evolution of species within communities are interdependent, and researchers have been paying attention to this rapidly emerging field of research, i.e., through studies on eco‐evolutionary dynamics. Most of the studies on eco‐evolutionary dynamics have been concerned with direct trophic interactions. However, community ecologists have shown that trait‐mediated indirect effects play an important role in shaping the structure of natural communities. In particular, in terrestrial plant–insect systems, indirect effects mediated through herbivore‐induced plant responses are common and have a great impact on the structure of herbivore communities. This review describes eco‐evolutionary dynamics in herbivorous insect communities, and specifically focuses on the key role of herbivore‐induced plant responses in eco‐evolutionary dynamics. First, I review studies on the evolution of herbivore traits relevant to plant induction and discuss evolution in a community context mediated by induced plant responses. Second, I highlight how intraspecific genetic variation or evolution in herbivore traits can influence herbivore community structure. Finally, I propose the hypothetical model that induced plant responses supports eco‐evolutionary feedback in herbivore communities. In this review, I argue that the application of the indirect interaction web approaches into studies on eco‐evolutionary will provide profound insights into understanding of mechanisms of the generation and maintenance of biodiversity.
Adult attachment and reports of pain in experimentally‐induced pain
Authors: Andrewsl Nicole Emma , Meredithl Pamela Joy , Strongl Jenny 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAttachment theory has been proposed as a framework for understanding the development of chronic pain, with evidence supporting the overrepresentation of insecure attachment styles in chronic pain populations and links between insecure attachment and factors known to impact one's ability to cope with pain. The present study sought to extend two earlier studies exploring the relationships between adult attachment and communication of an acute pain experience, in anticipation of providing insight into individual differences in vulnerability in development of chronic pain. It was hypothesised that: (a) fearful attachment would be associated with perceptions of the pain as less intense, and (b) anxious attachment would be associated with lower pain thresholds. A convenience sample of 82 healthy adults completed self‐report measures of attachment, neuroticism, and negative affect prior to taking part in a coldpressor pain inducement task. Results demonstrated that fearful attachment was associated with lower levels of pain intensity throughout the coldpressor task. In addition, dismissing attachment was also associated with less intense pain, as well as increased coldpressor endurance (tolerance) in the presence of a known assessor. These associations were retained after controlling for measures of neuroticism, negative affect, age, and social desirability. The results of this study are consistent with the proposition that fearful and dismissing individuals tend to mask their underlying distress caused by the pain experience, potentially leading to difficulties coping with pain over time.
Minimally invasive video‐assisted thyroidectomy versus conventional thyroidectomy: A cost‐effective analysis
Authors: Byrd J. Kenneth , Nguyen Shaun A. , Ketcham Amy , Hornig Joshua , Gillespie M. Boyd , Lentsch Eric 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVETo compare the cost of minimally invasive video‐assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) with conventional thyroidectomy.STUDY DESIGNA cost‐effectiveness study and chart review.SETTINGAcademic university hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSPediatric and adult patients referred to the Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery for suspicious thyroid nodules, goiters, or known carcinomas. A tertiary care hospital's billing department was queried for all hemithyroidectomies and total thyroidectomies completed by the Department of Otolaryngology‐ Head and Neck Surgery between January 5, 2006, and November 1, 2007. The charges, including surgery, hospital, pathology, and anesthesia, for minimally invasive video‐assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) and traditional or minimally invasive open thyroidectomies meeting MIVAT inclusion criteria were then reviewed retrospectively and compared statistically.RESULTSA total of 185 thyroidectomies were performed, 50.3 percent of which met criteria for MIVAT. Length of stay (days) was significantly shorter for patients undergoing MIVAT hemithyroidectomy (mean difference −0.8; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] −1.08 to −0.52) and not significantly different between groups for total thyroidectomy (mean difference 0.1; 95% CI −0.36 to 0.56). Mean anesthesia cost (U.S.$) was similar between groups for hemi‐ and total thyroidectomies. MIVAT mean pathology cost was significantly less than open thyroidectomy for hemithyroidectomy (mean difference −89.9; 95% CI −179.01 to −0.79) and approached significance for total thyroidectomy. There was no significant difference in hospital cost and total cost for hemithyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy.CONCLUSIONIn a group of matched cohorts, the cost of MIVAT appears to be equal to that of open thyroidectomy.
Spanish validation of the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire for head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Nazar Gonzalo , Garmendia María Luisa , Royer Michel , McDowell Jennifer A. , Weymuller Ernest A. , Yueh Bevan 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVEThe University of Washington Quality of Life (UW‐QOL) questionnaire is one of the most widely used instruments to evaluate the quality of life of head and neck cancer patients. The aim of this study was to perform a Spanish translation and validation of the UW‐QOL questionnaire.STUDY DESIGNA cross‐sectional study.SETTINGThree tertiary‐care hospitals and a laryngectomee rehabilitation center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire were performed following accepted international guidelines. The psychometric validation was performed on a consecutive series of patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract with no signs of relapse, recruited from May 2007 to December 2008. Eligible subjects were invited to complete the Spanish version of the UW‐QOL questionnaire during routine clinical consultation, and complete it again within 15 days. Subjects also completed a validated Spanish version of the Goldberg Mental Health Survey and were evaluated by the use of the Karnofsky Index.RESULTSA Spanish version of the questionnaire was developed in iterative fashion. In the psychometric validation process, a total of 76 patients were analyzed. Reliability was excellent, including both internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.84) and test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient between 0.91 and 0.97 with a confidence interval of 95%). Construct validity was supported by statistically significant relationships between the Karnofsky Index, the Goldberg Mental Health Survey, and the translated UW‐QOL questionnaire.CONCLUSIONThe Spanish version of the UW‐QOL questionnaire appears to be culturally appropriate and psychometrically valid.
Effect of pharyngeal packing during nasal surgery on postoperative nausea and vomiting
Authors: Korkut Arzu Yasemin , Erkalp Kerem , Erden Veysel , Teker Aysenur Meric , Demirel Asiye , Gedikli Orhan , Saidoglu Leyla 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pharyngeal packing in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after nasal surgery by taking into consideration the surgery types.STUDY DESIGNA prospective, randomized, controlled trial.SETTINGA tertiary referral center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSAfter the study was approved by the local ethics committee, this study was conducted in the Otorhinolaryngology clinic with the collaboration of the Anesthesiology clinic. The development of PONV within 24 hours after surgery was evaluated in patients who were applied a pharyngeal pack (Group 1) or not (Group 2) during nasal surgery.RESULTSThere were 104 adult patients for routine nasal surgery included in the current study, yielding 100 (group 1, n = 50; group 2, n = 50) evaluable subjects. No significant difference was found in the incidence of PONV between the two groups at two (P = 0.41), four (P = 0.54), eight (P = 0.51), and 24 hours. According to surgery type, the incidence of PONV after two hours was 71 percent in septorhinoplasty, 68 percent in endoscopic sinus surgery, and 50 percent in septoplasty; after four hours it was 59 percent in septorhinoplasty, 53 percent in endoscopic sinus surgery, and 37 percent in septoplasty; and after eight hours it was 35 percent in septorhinoplasty, 39 percent in endoscopic sinus surgery, and 21 percent in septoplasty. PONV was not seen at 24 hours. Compared to the septoplasty group for which pharyngeal packing was used, significantly lower rates of PONV at four and eight hours were found in the septoplasty group in which pharyngeal packing was not used (P = 0.02).CONCLUSIONPharyngeal packing in nasal surgery has no impact on PONV.
Systematic review of laryngeal reinnervation techniques
Authors: Aynehchi Behrad B. , McCoul Edward D. , Sundaram Krishnamurthi 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVETo systematically review outcomes of reinnervation techniques for the management of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).DATA SOURCESMedline and Cochrane databases for English‐language studies published between 1966 and 2009 on the surgical management of UVFP.REVIEW METHODSStudies were excluded if they reported on bilateral vocal fold paralysis, used nonhuman subjects, or did not assess clinical outcomes. Outcomes of interest were visual analysis, acoustic analysis, perceptual analysis, and electromyography.RESULTSOf 686 initial studies, 14 studies encompassing 329 patients were eligible for analysis. All studies had a case‐series design. Of reported patients, 60.2 percent were men, with mean age of 51 years (range, 12‐79 years). The most common reinnervation technique was ansa cervicalis‐to‐recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), which was most commonly performed after thyroidectomy (43.5%). Other techniques with reportable outcomes included primary RLN anastomosis, ansa‐to‐RLN combined with cricothyroid muscle‐nerve‐muscle pedicle, ansa‐to‐thyroarytenoid neural implantation, ansa‐to‐thyroarytenoid neuromuscular pedicle, and hypoglossal‐to‐RLN. Median postsurgical follow‐up was 12 months, and mean time to first signs of reinnervation was 4.5 months (SD 2.9 months). Visual analysis of glottic gap showed the greatest mean improvement with ansa‐to‐RLN, from 2.25 (SD 0.886) to 0.75 (SD 0.886) mm (P < 0.01). Acoustic analysis showed greatest improvement with neural implantation, with a change in mean phonation time from seven (SD 1.22) to 16 (SD 5.52) seconds (P < 0.01). Perceptual analysis and electromyography demonstrated improvement in all studies.CONCLUSIONReinnervation is effective in the management of UVFP, although the specific method may be dictated by anatomical limitations. Prospective studies utilizing uniform and consistent outcome parameters are necessary.
Johann Wilhelm Hittorf and the material culture of nineteenth-century gas discharge research
Authors: MÜLLER FALK 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the second half of the nineteenth century, gas discharge research was transformed from a playful and fragmented field into a new branch of physical science and technology. From the 1850s onwards, several technical innovations – powerful high-voltage supplies, the enhancement of glass-blowing skills, or the introduction of mercury air-pumps – allowed for a major extension of experimental practices and expansion of the phenomenological field. Gas discharge tubes served as containers in which resources from various disciplinary contexts could be brought together; along with the experimental apparatus built around them the tubes developed into increasingly complex interfaces mediating between the human senses and the micro-world. The focus of the following paper will be on the physicist and chemist Johann Wilhelm Hittorf (1824–1914), his educational background and his attempts to understand gaseous conduction as a process of interaction between electrical energy and matter. Hittorf started a long-term project in gas discharge research in the early 1860s. In his research he tried to combine a morphological exploration of gas discharge phenomena – aiming at the experimental production of a coherent phenomenological manifold – with the definition and precise measurements of physical properties.
Pre-digestion of dietary lipids has only minor effects on absorption, retention and metabolism in larval stages of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Hamre K. , Lukram I. M. , Rønnestad I. , Nordgreen A. , Sæle Ø. 
Published: November 2010

The hypothesis of the present study was that cod larvae have a limitation in lipid digestion, and that absorption of lipids would increase by pre-hydrolysation. The diets used were designed to contain 15 % lipid, of which 40 % was phosphatidylcholine (PC) and 60 % was TAG. Cod larvae (40 d post hatch (dph)) were fed a single meal where either PC or TAG was radioactively labelled, and the labelled PC or TAG was either intact or hydrolysed (pre-digested). The larvae were then incubated individually in chambers with collection of CO2for 10 h. The following fractions were analysed for radioactivity: the incubation water (evacuated feed); the intestine; the body; the CO2trap. The larvae ate a 16–29 μg diet, equivalent to 3·4–5·2 % of dry body weight. In the whole population, 0–16 % of the lipid was evacuated. The larvae that had eaten less than 1·9–2·7 μg lipid absorbed close to 100 % of the lipid, absorption being defined conservatively as the amount contained in the carcass and CO2, excluding the intestinal tissue. In these larvae, approximately 100 % of the absorbed lipid was also catabolised. In the larvae that ingested more than 1·9–2·7 μg lipid, there was a linear reduction in lipid absorption to a minimum of 55 % at the highest lipid intakes parallel to an increasing retention of lipids in the carcass. There were only minor differences in digestion, absorption, retention and metabolism of lipids between the larvae fed the different diets, and the larvae tended to retain lipid classes as they were present in the feed. The study shows that 40-dph Atlantic cod larvae have an efficient utilisation of dietary lipids supplied as intact PC and TAG.