bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusarium als Verursacher dermatologischer Krankheitsbilder
Authors: Seyfarth F. , Hipler U.‐C. 
Published: February 2010

ZusammenfassungDie Bedeutung von Schimmelpilzinfektionen beim Menschen nimmt zu. Für die Dermatologie relevante Gattungen sind unter anderem Alternaria, Cladosporium, Scopulariopsis und Fusarium. Fusarium ist dabei durch charakteristische Makrokonidien und eine typische Kulturmorphologie gekennzeichnet. Die eigentlich als Pflanzenschädlinge bekannten Vertreter dieser Gattung können beim Menschen sowohl Intoxikationen als auch Infektionen hervorrufen. Letztere stellen bei immunkompetenten Menschen eine Rarität dar. Gefürchtet ist Fusarium als Erreger von Augeninfektionen, die vor allem bei Kontaktlinsenträgern beschrieben wurden und schwer therapierbar sind. An der Haut ruft Fusarium Nekrosen, Ulcera, papulo‐pustulöse Hautveränderungen, Abszesse und Paronychien hervor, die bei immunsupprimierten Patienten in generalisierte Pilzinfektionen übergehen können und eine Differentialdiagnose beim neutropenischen Fieber darstellen. Dabei finden sich bei systemischen Fusariosen überdurchschnittlich häufig generalisierte Hautveränderungen in Form von Papeln und Knoten, die sekundär zentral ulzerieren bzw. von einem targetoid konfigurierten Erythem umgeben sein können. Insgesamt muss die Prognose einer systemischen Fusariose als schlecht bezeichnet werden. Deshalb kommt der frühzeitigen Erkennung dieser Erkrankung durch den Dermatologen, vor allem im Rahmen der Tätigkeit als Konsiliar auf hämatologisch‐onkologischen Stationen, eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu.
Leitliniengerechte Therapie: Candidämie/invasive Candidiasis
Authors: Glöckner A. 
Published: February 2010

ZusammenfassungInvasive Mykosen werden auf der Intensivstation hauptsächlich durch Arten der Gattung Candida verursacht und treten zumeist als Candidämie auf. Trotz verbesserter therapeutischer Möglichkeiten in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten ist die Letalität der invasiven Candidiasis mit 20 bis 50% weiterhin hoch. Seit Anfang des Jahrtausends steht mit den Echinocandinen eine weitere Klasse von Antimykotika zur Verfügung, dessen Wirkspektrum die klinisch relevanten Spezies von Candida und Aspergillus umfasst. Die Echinocandine haben in mehreren multizentrischen, überwiegend doppelblinden Studien bei Candidämie und invasiver Candidiasis eine überzeugende Wirksamkeit nachgewiesen. In den Studien wurden jeweils bisher etablierte Standardtherapien mit den Echinocandinen Anidulafungin, Caspofungin und Micafungin verglichen. Diese konnten eine Nichtunterlegenheit der neuen Präparate bzw. im Falle von Anidulafungin vs. Fluconazol die Überlegenheit des Echinocandins nachweisen. Diese Studienergebnisse haben zu einer Modifikation der aktuellen Empfehlungen zur Therapie der Candidämie und invasiven Candidiasis geführt. Echinocandine sind bei der Candidämie insbesondere bei Intensivpatienten, die in der Regel ein akutes Ein‐ oder Mehrorganversagen haben und zumeist multiple Medikationen mit entsprechend unübersichtlichen Interaktionen erhalten, Mittel der ersten Wahl.
Chronisch nekrotisierende pulmonale Aspergillose (CNPA)
Authors: Rüchel R. 
Published: February 2010

ZusammenfassungObwohl nur mäßig immunkompromittiert, erkrankte eine ältere Patientin an Pleuritis, die auf einer Aspergillus fumigatus‐Mykose beruhte. Trotz annähernd 6 Monaten Therapie mit oralem Itraconazol erlag die Patientin schließlich der CNPA. Chronische Pleuritis ist offenbar häufig mit dieser seltenen Verlaufsform der Aspergillose assoziiert, die häufig eine schlechte Prognose aufweist.
Die pathologische Diagnostik – Kosten und Nutzen
Authors: Schwesinger G. , Knoke M. , Bernhardt H. 
Published: February 2010

ZusammenfassungDie Zahl der Sektionen hat in Deutschland drastisch abgenommen und liegt jetzt unter 10%. Die möglichen Ursachen werden diskutiert. Dazu gehört auch der zunehmende Sparzwang, obwohl die Kosten für eine Autopsie nicht allzu hoch sind. Hingewiesen wird auf die erhebliche Diskrepanz zwischen der klinisch vermuteten Todesursache und der durch die Autopsie erbrachten Diagnose von 40–60%. Das gilt besonders auch für die Mykosen. In Deutschland werden im Jahr mindestens 1 200 Tötungsdelikte und 11 000 nich natürliche Todesfälle durch eine fehlende Sektion übersehen. Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt einer genügenden Anzahl von Autopsien ist in der Qualitätssicherung von Diagnostik, Therapie sowie in der Aus‐ und Weiterbildung von Ärzten und Studenten zu sehen.
A randomized, assessor‐blind, parallel‐group, multicentre, phase IV comparative trial of a suffocant compared with malathion in the treatment of head lice in children
Authors: Greive Kerryn A , Lui Ada H , Barnes Tanya M , Oppenheim VM Jane 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTBackground/Objectives:  There are concerns about the effectiveness of head lice treatments because of increasing resistance and safety. This trial compared the safety and efficacy of a suffocant‐based head lice treatment to malathion in children.Methods:  The trial used strict entry criteria, standardized treatment and assessment regimens, sibling treatment where appropriate and a primary efficacy end‐point defined as the absence of live head lice.Results:  A total of 216 children were enrolled. One hundred and sixty‐nine were per‐protocol. The suffocant was significantly more effective than malathion for the intention‐to‐treat population (53.9% vs 40.4% louse‐free, unadjusted P = 0.052; adjusted P = 0.024), as well as for the per‐protocol population (57.8% vs 43.0% louse‐free, unadjusted P = 0.054; adjusted P = 0.045). Adverse events were limited to itching or stinging and there were no serious or systemic adverse events. Repeat insult patch testing with the suffocant resulted in no adverse reactions. In vitro tests confirmed that the suffocant is a potent ovicide and pediculicide with 100% mortality of eggs and lice following a 20‐min contact time.Conclusions:  The suffocant is shown to be significantly more effective in eliminating head lice than malathion in children, while being associated with a low incidence of mild, transient adverse events.
Hidradenitis suppurativa responding to treatment with infliximab
Authors: Lasocki Anita , Sinclair Rodney , Foley Peter , Saunders Helen 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTA series of four cases of severe recalcitrant hidradenitis suppurativa treated with infliximab is presented. All patients had failed to respond to prior medical and surgical management. Baseline Quantiferon‐TB Gold and chest radiograph were carried out before commencement of treatment. No patients had associated Crohn's disease. All patients received induction infusions of infliximab 5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2 and 6, followed by eight weekly maintenance infusions. The total number of infusions varied between 4 and 6. Skin photography with Sartorius scoring was used to evaluate response to treatment. All patients experienced marked improvement in their disease activity, with a mean 48% improvement in Sartorius score after one infusion (week 2, P < 0.01), and 70% improvement after three infusions (week 14, P < 0.01). Time to relapse following cessation of therapy ranged from 6 weeks to 4 months. Further studies examining the efficacy of infliximab and its effect on the course of the disease, particularly relating to long‐term management, are required.
Metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma with an unknown primary tumour presenting as lichenoid dermatitis
Authors: Wong Kenneth Kien Siang , Oliver Guy Fergus 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTMetastatic Merkel cell carcinoma uncommonly presents with an unidentified primary tumour. We report a patient who first presented with lichenoid dermatitis and was found to have Merkel cell carcinoma involving lymph nodes with an unknown primary site. With the rising incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma, it is important to recognize unusual manifestations of this disease as they may become more common in the future.
CCl4‐induced hepatic injury in mice fed a Western diet is associated with blunted healing
Authors: Allman Monique , Gaskin Latausha , Rivera Chantal A 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Feeding a Western diet (WD) enriched in saturated fat protects against chronic alcoholic hepatitis. However, saturated fat induces lipotoxicity in cultured hepatocytes. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the influence of WD on acute hepatic injury and healing.Methods:  Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a purified control diet (CD) or WD enriched in palmitate and cholesterol. After 3 weeks, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was administered (0.1 µL/g, intraperitoneally). Hepatic inflammation and proliferation were assessed by immunostaining for neutrophils and intracellular adhesion molecule‐1, and Ki67, respectively. Cytokine expression was analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Protein levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ) were assessed by western blotting.Results:  Feeding a WD resulted in markedly greater histological evidence of necrosis and enhanced alanine aminotransferase activity (188 ± 6.2 U/L) compared to CD‐fed mice (99.1 ± 6.3 U/L) by day 2 post‐CCl4. In contrast, WD blunted leukocyte accumulation in necrotic areas and the expression of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6) involved in tissue regeneration. Diminished repair was further indexed by lower collagen‐αI and Ki67 expression in the mice fed a WD. Finally, feeding a WD, as well as the treatment of cultured hepatocytes with palmitic acid, upregulated the expression of PPAR‐γ, which has been previously shown to prevent hepatic repair following CCl4 exposure.Conclusions:  These findings suggest that impaired healing in WD‐fed mice blunted recovery from acute injury and underscored the complex relationship between diet and hepatic injury.
Autologous bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation into injured rat urethral sphincter
Authors: Kinebuchi Yoshiaki , Aizawa Naoki , Imamura Tetsuya , Ishizuka Osamu , Igawa Yasuhiko , Nishizawa Osamu 
Published: February 2010

Objectives:  To evaluate the functional and histological recovery by autologous bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation into injured rat urethral sphincters.Methods:  BMSC were harvested from female Sprague–Dawley retired breeder rats for later transplantation. The cells were cultured, and transfected with the green fluorescence protein gene. The urethral sphincters were injured by combined urethrolysis and cardiotoxin injection. One week after injury, the cultured BMSC were injected autologously into the periurethral tissues. Controls included sham‐operated rats and injured rats injected with cell‐free medium (CFM). Abdominal leak point pressures (LPP) were measured before and after surgery during the following 13 weeks. The urethras were then retrieved for histological evaluation. The presence of green‐fluorescence‐protein‐labeled cells and the regeneration of skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and peripheral nerves were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.Results:  LPP was significantly reduced in the injured rats. It increased gradually after transplantation, but there was no significant difference between the BMSC and CFM groups. In the BMSC group, transplanted cells survived and differentiated into striated muscle cells and peripheral nerve cells. The proportions of skeletal muscle cells and peripheral nerves in the urethra were significantly greater in the BMSC group compared to the CFM group.Conclusions:  Despite a clear trend towards recovery of LPP in BMSC‐transplanted urethras, no significant effect was detected. Further study is required for clinical applications for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.
Efficacy of low dose tamsulosin in medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones in Japanese male patients: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Kaneko Tomoyuki , Matsushima Hisashi , Morimoto Hirohiko , Tsuzaka Yasuo , Homma Yukio 
Published: February 2010

Objective:  To evaluate the efficacy of low dose tamsulosin for facilitating spontaneous passage of ureteral stones in Japanese male patients.Methods:  A total of 71 patients with symptomatic ureteral stones, 10 mm or smaller in size, were randomly allocated into groups 1 and 2. Group 1 received tamsulosin (0.2 mg/day) for a maximum of 4 weeks and group 2 received no medication. The primary endpoint was the stone expulsion rate and the secondary endpoints were stone expulsion time and analgesic use.Results:  There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, stone size and location. The stone expulsion rate was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (77% vs 50%, P = 0.002). No significant differences were noted in the stone expulsion time and analgesic use between the groups.Conclusion:  Low dose tamsulosin can significantly facilitate spontaneous passage of ureteral stones without significant side‐effects in Japanese male patients.
External analysis of the Randleman Ectasia Risk Factor Score System: a review of 36 cases of post LASIK ectasia
Authors: Chan Colin CK , Hodge Christopher , Sutton Gerard 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground: To validate Randleman's model of ectasia risk factor scores using a large unbiased sample of unpublished cases.Methods: Data were collected retrospectively on 36 eyes with ectasia post laserin situkeratomileusis treated by two surgeons at Vision Eye Institute. The data were then entered into Randleman's risk factor score system. Data were also collected about posterior maximum elevation (PME) and posterior maximum elevation position (PMEP); and these were compared with a control group of 50 eyes.Results: Of the 36 eyes, 9 (25%) were classified as low risk, 7 (19%) as moderate risk and 20 (56%) as high risk. On average, the most points were scored in the topography and topography was abnormal in 69% of cases. Topography points also correlated the most strongly with the increasing risk scores (P < 0.0001). PME or PMEP was not significantly different between our ectasia group and the control group.Conclusion: Randleman's ectasia risk factor scale can miss a significant proportion of patients at risk of ectasia. Other factors must play a role in ectasia risk. Abnormal corneal topography appears to be the most important preoperative risk factor.
Inhibition of corneal neovascularization after alkali burn: comparison of different doses of bevacizumab in monotherapy or associated with dexamethasone
Authors: Hoffart Louis , Matonti Frederic , Conrath John , Daniel Laurent , Ridings Bernard , Masson Guillaume S , Chavane Frederic 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground:  To compare the effects of different doses of bevacizumab with both saline and dexamethasone on inflammatory angiogenesis in the rat cornea induced by small chemical lesions.Methods:  Corneal chemical cauterization was performed on 24 rats. Animals were divided randomly into six groups and received a daily subconjunctival injection for 7 days of: balanced salt solution 0.1 mL or dexamethasone phosphate 4 mg/day or bevacizumab 2.5 mg/day, 3.75 mg/day, 5.0 mg/day or bevacizumab 5.0 mg/day + dexamethasone phosphate 4 mg/day. Clinical examination under slit lamp was performed daily for 7 days to evaluate corneal opacity and vessel size evolution. Computer‐assisted quantitative image analysis was used to measure the total corneal area covered by neovascularization.Results:  At final examination, the dexamethasone, bevacizumab 5.0 mg/day and dexamethasone + bevacizumab groups showed a significant lowering in corneal opacity score as compared with control (P = 0.024, P = 0.006 and P = 0.013, respectively). Also, a significant reduction on new vessels size score was observed. Surface of corneal neovascularization was significantly reduced in dexamethasone, bevacizumab 5.0 mg/day and dexamethasone + bevacizumab groups compared with control (P = 0.045, P = 0.047 and P = 0.044, respectively).Conclusion:  Our study demonstrates the ability of a 5.0 mg/day bevacizumab subconjunctival injection, in monotherapy or associated with dexamethasone, to cause a short‐term involution of corneal neovascularization after corneal alkali burn. Combination of both of these treatments may have advantages to monotherapy approaches.
Clinical study of Acrysof IQ aspheric intraocular lenses
Authors: Luo Min , Ji Jing , Zhao Chun , Fan Xianqun 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:  To determine whether implantation of an aspheric intraocular lens (SN 60 WF Alcon) results in reduced spherical aberration and improved contrast sensitivity after cataract surgery.Methods:  Randomized, prospective study. 260 patients/eyes were randomized to receive two intraocular lens types: Alcon Acrysof Natural (136 eyes) and Acrysof IQ (124 eyes). Quality of vision was measured by visual acuity and contrast sensitivity under mesopic and photopic conditions. Ocular aberrations for 4.0‐ and 6.0‐mm pupil were measured with Allegretto Wavelight Analyzer. All ophthalmologic were performed 7, 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Visual function index (VF‐14) questionnaires for cataract symptoms were performed 90 days after surgery by all the patients.Results:  After 90 days, all eyes had mean postoperative best spectacle‐corrected visual acuity 0.75. Eyes with the Acrysof IQ had significantly higher contrast sensitivity than eyes with the Acrysof Natural at high and middle spatial frequencies. A significant reduction in spherical aberration after Acrysof IQ implantation was achieved. The Acrysof IQ also had lower values of high‐order aberration with 4.0‐ and 6.0‐mm pupil when compared with the AcrySof Natural.Conclusion:  Results show the aspheric Acrysof IQ induced significantly less high‐order aberration and spherical aberration compared with the Acrysof Natural. Contrast sensitivity revealed better values with the Acrysof IQ intraocular lens.
Primary external dacryocystorhinostomy versus primary endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: a review
Authors: Lee Dior WX , Chai Charmaine HC , Loon Seng Chee 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper aims to compare the efficacy, mean operative time and adverse effects of primary external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) versus primary endonasal DCR in treating acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Searches were performed for studies comparing the two procedures. Two reviewers independently extracted data from 14 eligible studies. A random effects model was used to analyse the studies. Outcome measures were defined as patency of the nasolacrimal canal and mean operative time, and adverse effects as cutaneous scarring and bleeding. Both procedures were comparable in efficacy in terms of full success, partial success and anatomic patency. Subgroup analysis showed no significant difference between prospective and retrospective studies as well as between non‐laser endonasal DCR versus external DCR and laser endonasal DCR versus external DCR. Endonasal DCR had a significantly shorter mean operative duration, be it laser endonasal DCR (mean difference: 37.65 min, 95% confidence intervals: 3.54–71.75 min, P: 0.03) or non‐laser endonasal DCR (mean difference: 19.22 min, 95% confidence intervals: 2.15–36.28 min, P: 0.03). The odds of postoperative bleeding was not significantly different between the two procedures, whereas postoperative cutaneous scarring was unique to external DCR and occurred in 50 out of 402 (12.44%) external DCRs recorded. Endonasal DCR has comparable success rates with external DCR and has a shorter operative time and no cutaneous scar. However, drawbacks include the steep learning curve and higher costs.
Non‐lethal foraging by bell miners on a herbivorous insect: Potential implications for forest health
Authors: HAYTHORPE KATHRYN M. , McDONALD PAUL G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTree health is often negatively linked with the localized abundance of parasitic invertebrates. One group, the sap‐sucking psyllid insects (Homoptera: Psyllidae) are well known for their negative impact upon vegetation, an impact that often culminates in the defoliation and even death of hosts. In Australia, psyllid‐infested forest in poor health is also frequently occupied by a native honeyeater, the bell miner (Manorina melanophrys; Meliphagidae), so much so that the phenomenon has been dubbed ‘bell miner‐associated dieback’ (BMAD). Bell miners are thought to be the causative agent behind BMAD, in part because the species may selectively forage only upon the outer covering (lerp) exuded by psyllid nymphs, leaving the insect underneath to continue parasitizing hosts. As bell miners also aggressively exclude all other avian psyllid predators from occupied areas, these behavioural traits may favour increases in psyllid populations. We examined bell miner foraging behaviour to determine if non‐lethal foraging upon psyllid nymphs occurred more often than in a congener, the noisy miner (M. melanocephala; Meliphagidae). This was indeed the case, with bell miners significantly more likely to remove only the lerp covering during feeding, leaving the insect intact underneath. This arose from bell miners using their tongue to pry off the lerp cases, whereas noisy miners used their mandibles to snap at both the lerp and insect underneath. Furthermore, psyllids left behind following a bell miner foraging event were significantly more likely to be viable and regrow a lerp covering than those exposed by noisy miners. Together, this behaviour supports the theory that non‐lethal foraging behaviour of bell miners may contribute to high psyllid abundance, consistent with the mechanisms by which BMAD is thought to develop.
Intravenous zoledronic acid and oral alendronate in patients with a low trauma fracture: experience from an osteoporosis clinic
Authors: Craig S. J. , Youssef P. P. , Vaile J. H. , Sullivan L. , Bleasel J. F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground/Aims: Oral bisphosphonates have been shown to be effective in treating osteoporosis. However, there has been a significant problem with compliance. Newer intravenous bisphosphonates are available for osteoporosis management, but have not been compared with oral bisphosphonates in a clinical setting. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of intravenous zoledronic acid (ZOL) and oral alendronate (ALN) in osteoporotic patients following a low trauma fracture.Methods: A non‐randomized, retrospective cohort study was conducted of 169 patients with a low trauma fracture and reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Patients were treated with either an infusion of 4 mg ZOL or ALN 70 mg weekly. The outcomes measured were change in BMD after 12 months of treatment with either bisphosphonate, and new osteoporotic fractures. All adverse events were documented.Results: Lumbar spine BMD (L2–L4) improved 5.6% in the ZOL group (P < 0.001) and 5.5% in the ALN group (P < 0.001). Total hip BMD improved 2% in the ZOL group (P < 0.01) and 2.5% in the ALN group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in BMD change between the groups. There were significantly more new fractures (P < 0.001) in the ZOL group (7.2%) than the ALN group (1%). The ZOL group were significantly older (P < 0.01) and had a significantly higher proportion of males (P < 0.05) at baseline. There were no serious adverse reactions in either group.Conclusion: ZOL and ALN both produce a significant increase in BMD and are well tolerated in patients with osteoporotic, low trauma fractures. Yearly ZOL provides a safe, convenient alternative to weekly oral bisphosphonates.