bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online shopping among Chinese consumers: an exploratory investigation of demographics and value orientation
Authors: Wu Lingfei , Cai Yi , Liu Dehuan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe current study examined the relationship between Chinese consumers' personal value orientations and their Internet usage and online shopping behaviour. The study was based on responses from a sample of 1620 respondents in five cities in China. Based on Schwartz's value structure, four value orientations were identified and named as ‘openness to change orientation’, ‘self‐enhancement orientation’, ‘conservation orientation’ and ‘self‐transcendence orientation.’ Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between respondents' demographics, socio‐economic characteristics, value orientations and their Internet usage and online shopping behaviour. Also, a structural equation modelling analysis was employed. ‘Openness to change orientation’ and ‘self‐enhancement orientation’ were found to have direct or indirect positive effect on respondents' online shopping behaviour; whereas ‘conservation orientation’ and ‘self‐transcendence orientation’ were not significant in the equation estimation.
The tyrosine phosphatase Shp‐2 interacts with the dopamine D1 receptor and triggers D1‐mediated Erk signaling in striatal neurons
Authors: Fiorentini Chiara , Mattanza Cinzia , Collo Ginetta , Savoia Paola , Spano PierFranco , Missale Cristina 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 117, 253–263.AbstractWe report a novel mechanism for dopamine D1 receptor (D1R)‐mediated extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (Erk) activation in rat striatum. Erk signaling depends on phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events mediated by specific kinases and phosphatases. The tyrosine phosphatase Shp‐2, that is required for Erk activation by tyrosine kinase receptors, has been recently shown to regulate signaling downstream of few G protein‐coupled receptors. We show that the D1R interacts with Shp‐2, that D1R stimulation results in Shp‐2 tyrosine phosphorylation and activation in primary striatal neuronal cultures and that D1R/Shp‐2 interaction is required for transmitting D1R‐dependent signaling to Erk1/2 activation. D1R‐mediated Erk1/2 phosphorylation in cultured striatal neurons is in fact abolished by over‐expression of the inactive Shp‐2(C/S) mutant and by small interfering RNA‐induced Shp‐2 silencing. Moreover, by using selective inhibitors we show that both D1R‐induced Shp‐2 activation and Erk1/2 phosphorylation are dependent on the cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathway and require Src. These results, which were substantiated also in transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells, provide a novel mechanism by which to converge D1R signaling to the Erk pathway and suggest that Shp‐2 or the D1R/Shp‐2 interface could represent a potential drug target for disorders of dopamine transmission involving malfunctioning of D1R signaling.
Acetate supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced neuroinflammation
Authors: Reisenauer Chris J. , Bhatt Dhaval P. , Mitteness Dane J. , Slanczka Evan R. , Gienger Heidi M. , Watt John A. , Rosenberger Thad A. 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 117, 264–274.AbstractGlyceryl triacetate (GTA), a compound effective at increasing circulating and tissue levels of acetate was used to treat rats subjected to a continual 28 day intra‐ventricular infusion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This model produces a neuroinflammatory injury characterized by global neuroglial activation and a decrease in choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in the basal forebrain. During the LPS infusion, rats were given a daily treatment of either water or GTA at a dose of 6 g/kg by oral gavage. In parallel experiments, free‐CoA and acetyl‐CoA levels were measured in microwave fixed brains and flash frozen heart, liver, kidney and muscle following a single oral dose of GTA. We found that a single oral dose of GTA significantly increased plasma acetate levels by 15 min and remained elevated for up to 4 h. At 30 min the acetyl‐CoA levels in microwave‐fixed brain and flash frozen heart and liver were increased at least 2.2‐fold. The concentrations of brain acetyl‐CoA was significantly increased between 30 and 45 min following treatment and remained elevated for up to 4 h. The concentration of free‐CoA in brain was significantly decreased compared to controls at 240 min. Immunohistochemical and morphological analysis demonstrated that a daily treatment with GTA significantly reduced the percentage of reactive glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive astrocytes and activated CD11b‐positive microglia by 40–50% in rats subjected to LPS‐induced neuroinflammation. Further, in rats subjected to neuroinflammation, GTA significantly increased the number of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)‐positive cells by 40% in the basal forebrain compared to untreated controls. These data suggest that acetate supplementation increases intermediary short chain acetyl‐CoA metabolism and that treatment is potentially anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective with regards to attenuating neuroglial activation and increasing ChAT immunoreactivity in this model.
REFLECTION ON FAMILY CONSENT: BASED ON A PREGNANT DEATH IN A BEIJING HOSPITAL
Authors: ZHANG XINQING 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThe ‘family consent’ process has been placed at the centre of Chinese clinical practice. Although there has been critical analysis of how the process functions in relation to the autonomy and rights of patients, there has been little examination of the perceptions and attitude of patients and their families and the medical professionals, in relation to moral dilemmas that arise in real cases in the bioethical discourse. When faced with a consent form in an emergency situation, the family member's capacity to act is reduced, as he/she becomes enmeshed in the hospital structure of tacit, socially‐imposed rules. In a questionnaires based on a real death case in 2008, 70.9% of the surveyed medical professionals (n = 3,665) disagreed with performing surgery without the consent of the family even if the patient's life was in danger, while 36.6% of the surveyed patients (n = 1,198) hold the same position. This work demonstrates the weakness of the family consent process as a safeguard of patient's autonomy. Finally, I argue that saving the patient's life should be the overriding obligation rather than the respect for the surrogate's autonomous choice at such a decisive moment.
Novel therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Datta Arnab , Scotton Chris J , Chambers Rachel C 
Published: January 2011

Pulmonary fibrosis represents the end stage of a number of heterogeneous conditions and is, to a greater or lesser degree, the hallmark of the interstitial lung diseases. It is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins within the pulmonary interstitium leading to the obliteration of functional alveolar units and in many cases, respiratory failure. While a small number of interstitial lung diseases have known aetiologies, most are idiopathic in nature, and of these, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common and carries with it an appalling prognosis – median survival from the time of diagnosis is less than 3 years. This reflects the lack of any effective therapy to modify the course of the disease, which in turn is indicative of our incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition. Current prevailing hypotheses focus on dysregulated epithelial–mesenchymal interactions promoting a cycle of continued epithelial cell injury and fibroblast activation leading to progressive fibrosis. However, it is likely that multiple abnormalities in a myriad of biological pathways affecting inflammation and wound repair – including matrix regulation, epithelial reconstitution, the coagulation cascade, neovascularization and antioxidant pathways – modulate this defective crosstalk and promote fibrogenesis. This review aims to offer a pathogenetic rationale behind current therapies, briefly outlining previous and ongoing clinical trials, but will focus on recent and exciting advancements in our understanding of the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which may ultimately lead to the development of novel and effective therapeutic interventions for this devastating condition.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Respiratory Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue‐1
German head circumference references for infants, children and adolescents in comparison with currently used national and international references
Authors: Schienkiewitz Anja , Schaffrath Rosario Angelika , Dortschy Reinhard , Ellert Ute , Neuhauser Hannelore 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  To present valid head circumference (HC) percentiles from early infancy to 18 years and to compare them with percentiles currently used in Germany by Prader, as well as to international WHO and CDC references.Methods:  Nationally representative sample of 17,158 children and adolescents aged 0.25–17.98 years (KiGGS study 2003–2006) with standardized HC measurement. HC references were created using Cole’s LMS method.Results:  The median growth of HC is largest in the first year of life. Adult HC is reached at age 16 years in girls, while in boys, HC growth continues through age 17 years and adult HC have to be derived from future KiGGS follow‐up examinations. KiGGS percentiles are quite similar from early infancy to early school age compared to older Prader references, but higher thereafter (maximum difference of median HC: girls 1.4 cm, boys 0.9 cm). KiGGS percentiles are also higher than WHO and CDC percentiles over most of the compared age range, but differences are less pronounced compared to Prader.Conclusion:  The KiGGS HC references presented here for boys and girls aged 4 months through 17 years are more valid than currently used German references. Because of the similarity of KiGGS and the currently used reference by Prader in early infancy, the currently used Prader reference for 0–4 months could complement KiGGS to cover the entire age range from birth to the end of adolescence.
Is phototherapy exposure associated with better or worse outcomes in 501‐ to 1000‐g‐birth‐weight infants?
Authors: Hintz Susan R , Stevenson David K , Yao Qing , Wong Ronald J , Das Abhik , Van Meurs Krisa P , Morris Brenda H , Tyson Jon E , Oh William , Poole W Kenneth , Phelps Dale L , McDavid Georgia E , Grisby Cathy , Higgins Rosemary D ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network (see Acknowledgements in Supporting Information, Data S1)
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  To compare risk‐adjusted outcomes at 18‐ to 22‐month‐corrected age for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants who never received phototherapy (NoPTx) to those who received any phototherapy (PTx) in the NICHD Neonatal Research Network randomized trial of Aggressive vs. Conservative Phototherapy.Methods:  Outcomes at 18 to 22‐month‐corrected age included death, neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) and Bayley Scales Mental Developmental Index (MDI). Regression models evaluated the independent association of PTx with adverse outcomes controlling for centre and other potentially confounding variables.Results:  Of 1972 infants, 216 were NoPTx and 1756 were PTx. For the entire 501‐ to 1000‐g‐BW cohort, PTx was not independently associated with death or NDI (OR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.60–1.20), death or adverse neurodevelopmental endpoints. However, among infants 501–750 g BW, the rate of significant developmental impairment with MDI < 50 was significantly higher for NoPTx (29%) than PTx (12%) (p = 0.004).Conclusions:  Phototherapy did not appear to be independently associated with death or NDI for the overall ELBW group. Whether PTx increases mortality could not be excluded because of bias from deaths before reaching conservative treatment threshold. The higher rate of MDI < 50 in the 501‐ to 750‐g‐BW NoPTx group is concerning and consistent with NRN Trial results.
Persistent scrotal pain and suspected orchido‐epididymitis of a young boy during pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) infection in the bowel
Authors: Sinikumpu J‐J , Serlo W 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) is the most common parasite among mankind. Ectopic pinworm infections in number of organs are broadly reported. The aim of this report is to review the pinworm infection in the scrotum on the basis of our case.Methods and results:  Our patient is a young boy with persistent pain in the scrotums together with abdominal symptoms. He underwent several urgent operations. Pinworm was finally found in appendix vermiformis. We hypothesize that concurrent unresponsive orchido‐epididymitis was caused by pinworm as well. Eradication happened finally with pyvrinembonate.Conclusion:  Pinworm is a parasite that lives usually in the bowel. Many ectopic locations, like scrotum, are known. Orchido‐epididymitis by pinworm has to be kept in mind when treating boys with persistent scrotal pain.
Exclusive enteral nutrition in the treatment of children with Crohn’s disease in Sweden: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Gråfors Josefin M , Casswall Thomas H 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  The general use of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) as therapy for children with Crohn’s disease (CD) in Sweden has not previously been studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate how EEN is used as therapy in Sweden for children with CD.Methods:  A questionnaire was sent to all 37 paediatric units in Sweden that treat children with inflammatory bowel disease.Results:  The response rate was 78%, which covers nearly 90% of Sweden’s paediatric population between 0 and 17 years of age. Ninety‐six per cent of the units used EEN as a treatment option for children with CD, and 65% of the units used EEN as their primary therapy in newly diagnosed CD. The standard duration of EEN was 6 weeks, but the questionnaire revealed a span of 4–8 weeks. The use of polymeric formula was just as common as a combination of polymeric and elemental formulas. Fifty‐seven per cent used oral nutrition supplements, and 81% allowed some extent of concomitant feeding, the addition of food and fluids, during EEN. All units used enteral nutrition to some extent as maintenance therapy after EEN was discontinued.Conclusions:  In Sweden, EEN is used as therapy for children with Crohn′s disease (CD), but the EEN protocols vary as to choice of formula and type of food and fluids allowed during EEN. Standardized EEN protocols would enable multicentre studies in Sweden, with the objective of investigating how EEN treatment can be improved and employed in the most efficient way.
Clinical and laboratory findings in 220 children with recurrent abdominal pain
Authors: Gijsbers CFM , Benninga MA , Büller HA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  To investigate the clinical and laboratory findings in children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP).Methods:  Consecutive patients with RAP (Apley criteria), age 4–16 years, referred to a secondary medical centre were evaluated by a standardized history, physical examination and laboratory tests. The tests encompassed Helicobacter pylori (Hp), gastrointestinal bacterial infections, protozoa, coeliac disease, carbohydrate malabsorption, food intolerance, abdominal ultrasound and plain abdominal X‐ray. More investigations were obtained if indicated. Patient characteristics were compared with surgical patients without abdominal pain (control group).Results:  A total of 220 consecutive patients were included (92 M, mean age 8.8 years [4.1–16.0 years]). In 88% of the patients, abnormalities were found that refer to possible causes. Especially, protozoa were present in 33% of the patients, mostly Dientamoeba fragilis, Yersinia enterocolitica in 12% and endoscopically proven infection with Hp in 11%. In 36%, a plain abdominal X‐ray raised suspicion of constipation.Conclusion:  In 220 consecutive patients with RAP, referred to secondary care, a standardized work‐up yielded abnormal results in a high percentage. The clinical significance of these findings remains to be established.
Overall welfare assessment of laying hens: Comparing science‐based, environment‐based and animal‐based assessments
Authors: SHIMMURA Tsuyoshi , BRACKE Marc B. M. , DE MOL Rudi M. , HIRAHARA Satoshi , UETAKE Katsuji , TANAKA Toshio 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTTo increase the validity of evaluations and facilitate expansion and maintenance of assessment systems, we constructed a database of studies on the welfare of laying hens around the world. On the basis of this database, we devised a science‐based welfare assessment model. Our model includes measurements, levels and weightings based on the scientific studies in the database, and can clarify the advantages and disadvantages of housing systems for laying hens from the viewpoint of the five freedoms. We also evaluated the usefulness of our model by comparing it with environment‐based Animal Needs Index (ANI), another science‐based model called FOWEL, and animal‐based measurements. Our model showed that freedom from injury, pain and disease, and freedom from discomfort were more secure in the cage system, while non‐cage systems scored better for natural behavior and freedom from fear and distress. A significant strong‐positive correlation was found between the animal‐based assessment and the total scores of ANI (rs = 0.94, P < 0.05), FOWEL (rs = 0.99, P < 0.05) or our model (rs = 0.99, P < 0.05), which indicate that these different approaches to welfare assessment may be used almost interchangeably to ‘measure’ a common property (‘overall laying hen welfare’). However, assessments using our model and FOWEL were more sensitive than ANI and can be applied to cage systems, which suggest that our model and FOWEL may have added value.
Promotion of intramuscular fat accumulation in porcine muscle by nutritional regulation
Authors: KATSUMATA Masaya 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTRecently, pork with marbling has received attention as good quality pork and scientists are required to develop methods to produce pork with reasonable amounts of intramuscular fat (IMF). The aim of this review is to describe studies relevant to promotion of IMF accumulation in porcine muscle by nutritional regulation. The main focus is on effect of dietary lysine levels. First, we found dietary low lysine up‐regulated glucose transporter protein 4 messenger (m)RNA expression in Longissimus dorsi (L. dorsi) and Rhomboideus muscles. In addition, the proportion of oxidative fiber of both muscles was also enhanced by dietary low lysine. Because it has been observed that higher oxidative capacity is associated with higher IMF content, we hypothesized that dietary low lysine would promote IMF accumulation. Further, higher mRNA abundance of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, a master regulator of adipogenesis, in both muscles induced by dietary low lysine, supported this hypothesis. Indeed, IMF content of L. dorsi muscle of finishing pigs given a low lysine diet for 2 months until reaching the market weight was twice that of pigs given a control diet. Possible underlying mechanisms of IMF accumulation in porcine muscle and future perspectives are also discussed in this review.
Versatility and HIV Vulnerability: Investigating the Proportion of Australian Gay Men Having Both Insertive and Receptive Anal Intercourse
Authors: Lyons Anthony , Pitts Marian , Smith Geoffrey , Grierson Jeffrey , Smith Anthony , McNally Stephen , Couch Murray 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There is a lack of recent data on the extent to which gay men engage in insertive anal intercourse (IAI) and receptive anal intercourse (RAI). Accurate assessments of the overall risk of infection from HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) require such data because versatile men who engage in both roles have heightened vulnerability for becoming infected and infecting others.

Aim
To investigate the extent to which gay men are versatile with regard to having IAI and RAI.

Main Outcome Measures
Percentages of gay men who reported engaging in IAI, RAI, or both during the past 12 months and in their most recent sexual encounter.

Methods
Eight hundred fifty-six Australian gay men completed an online survey to retrospectively report on their sexual practices over the past 12 months.

Results
Of men who had anal intercourse in the past 12 months, 83% had both IAI and RAI, of whom 57% were highly versatile in that they had approximately equal numbers of partners for IAI and RAI. Of men who had anal intercourse in their most recent sexual encounter, as many as one in five (20%) had reciprocal anal intercourse, having both IAI and RAI with the same partner in a single encounter. Condom use was significantly less likely with reciprocal (38%) than nonreciprocal anal intercourse (50%; P = 0.04). While highly versatile men were less likely to know their HIV status, practices at most recent sexual encounter such as reciprocal anal intercourse and condom use were not significantly related to either their HIV status or that of their partner.

Conclusions
Engaging in both IAI and RAI appears to be common among gay men. HIV/STI prevention strategies would benefit from paying attention to the implications of high rates of versatile sexual practices, particularly the tendency for condoms to be used less often when having reciprocal anal intercourse.
The prevalence of hypocobalaminaemia in cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism
Authors: Cook A. K. , Suchodolski J. S. , Steiner J. M. , Robertson J. E. 
Published: January 2011

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hypocobalaminaemia in cats with moderate to severe hyperthyroidism and to investigate the relationship between cobalamin status and selected haematologic parameters.Methods: Serum cobalamin concentrations were measured in 76 spontaneously hyperthyroid cats [serum thyroxine (T4) concentration ≥100 nmol/L] and 100 geriatric euthyroid cats. Erythrocyte and neutrophil counts in hyperthyroid cats with hypocobalaminaemia were compared with those in hyperthyroid cats with adequate serum cobalamin concentrations (≥290 ng/L).Results: The median cobalamin concentration in hyperthyroid cats was lower than the control group (409versus672 ng/L; P=0·0040). In addition, 40·8% of hyperthyroid cats had subnormal serum cobalamin concentrations compared with 25% of controls (P=0·0336). Weak negative correlation (coefficient: –0·3281) was demonstrated between serum cobalamin and T4concentrations in the hyperthyroid population, and the median cobalamin concentration was lower in cats with T4above the median of 153 nmol/L compared with cats with T4below this value (P=0·0281). Hypocobalaminaemia was not associated with neutropenia or anaemia in hyperthyroid cats.Clinical Significance: This study indicates that a substantial proportion of cats with T4≥100 nmol/L are hypocobalaminaemic and suggests that hyperthyroidism directly or indirectly affects cobalamin uptake, excretion or utilisation in this species.