bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between peer victimization and post‐traumatic stress symptomatology in a rural sample
Authors: Crosby James W. , Oehler Judy , Capaccioli Kristen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPeer victimization (PV) has been associated with a number of negative psychological sequelae. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between PV and the symptomatology of post‐traumatic stress disorder, and no studies to date have examined this relationship in a rural sample. Adapted versions of the SEQ‐SR and the TSCC were used to assess the relationship between PV and post‐traumatic stress symptomatology in a sample of 244 rural youths (ages 10–14) in two school districts in a south‐central area of the United States. In addition to a positive relationship between PV and post‐traumatic stress symptomatology, the results indicated relatively high rates of adult presence and peer bystanding during PV experiences. Limitations and implications for practice are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Redox properties and radical anions of fluorinated 2,1,3‐benzothia(selena)diazoles and related compounds
Authors: Vasilieva Nadezhda V. , Irtegova Irina G. , Gritsan Nina P. , Lonchakov Anton V. , Makarov Alexander Yu. , Shundrin Leonid A. , Zibarev Andrey V. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn comparison with 2,1,3‐benzothia(selena)diazoles, electrochemical oxidation and reduction of their 4,5,6,7‐tetrafluoro derivatives and a number of related compounds were studied by cyclic voltammetry. For nine examples of this class, the first reduction peaks are reversible and corresponding radical anions (RAs) are long‐lived at 295 K in MeCN and especially in DMF. The oxidation peaks were irreversible and corresponding radical cations were not observed. Electrochemically generated RAs were characterized by EPR measurements and DFT calculations at the UB3LYP/6‐31+G(d) level. The spin density distribution in the RAs is analyzed in connection with effects of S substitution by Se and/or H by F. The prospects of the studied RAs in the design and synthesis of magnetically active materials are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A non‐enzymatic model based on an acyl transfer reaction for the formation of energy‐rich acetyl phosphate in organic solvents and in a biphasic system
Authors: Giusti Luciano A. , Machado Vanderlei G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe formation of acetyl phosphate (AcP), an energy‐rich phosphate compound, was studied through the reaction of 2,4‐dinitrophenyl acetate with H2PO solubilized with Kryptofix® 222 or as a tetra‐n‐butylammonium ((n‐C4H9)4N+) salt in organic media. The results indicated that the rate of the reaction in acetonitrile is strongly inhibited by the addition of water, suggesting that the water added to the medium preferentially solvates the H2PO anion, inhibiting its action as a nucleophile and allowing it to act as a general base catalyst, which leads to the hydrolysis of the ester. The utilization of various organic solvents in the acetyl transfer process demonstrated that the specific interaction of the solvent with water accelerates the process, by desolvation of H2PO, which can act as a nucleophile. Finally, a formation/transformation cycle of AcP was studied in a biphasic system (water/CH2Cl2) using Kryptofix® 222 and (n‐C4H9)4N+BF as both the carrier and solubilizing agent for KH2PO4. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile synthesis of blocky styrene(1,3)‐butadiene copolymers having stereoregular monomeric sequences
Authors: Ricciardi Rosa , Napoli Mariagrazia , Longo Pasquale 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHalf titanocenes (CpCH2CH2O)TiCl2 1 and (CpCH2CH2 OCH3)TiCl3 2, activated by methylaluminoxane are tested in styrene–1,3‐butadiene copolymerization. The titanocene 1 is able to copolymerize styrene and 1,3‐butadiene, with a facile procedure, to give products with high molecular weight. The analysis of microstructure by 13C‐NMR reveals that the styrene homosequences in copolymers are in syndiotactic arrangement, while the butadiene homosequences are, prevailingly, in 1,4‐cis configuration, according with behavior of 1 in the homopolymerizations of styrene and 1,3‐butadiene, respectively. The reactivity ratios of copolymerization are estimated by diad composition analysis. All obtained copolymers have r1 × r2 values much larger than 1, indicating blocky nature of homosequences. The structural characterization by wide‐angle X‐ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry indicates that all copolymers are crystalline, with Tm varying from 171 to 239 °C, depending on the styrene content. The titanocene 2 did not succeed in styrene–1,3‐butadiene copolymerization, giving rise to a blend of homopolymers. Compounds 1 and 2 were also tested in the polymerization of several conjugated dienes, and the obtained results were very useful to rationalize the behavior of both catalysts in the copolymerization of styrene and butadiene. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 815–822, 2010
Facile synthesis of amphiphilic gels by frontal free‐radical polymerization
Authors: Tu Jun , Chen Li , Fang Yuan , Wang Caifeng , Chen Su 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe report a new facile strategy for quickly synthesizing poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate‐co‐vinyl versatate) amphiphilic gels with excellent physicochemical properties by frontal free‐radical polymerization. The appropriate amounts of 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate, vinyl versatate (VeoVa 9) and ammonium persulfate initiator were mixed together at ambient temperature in the presence of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone as the solvent medium. Frontal polymerization (FP) was initiated by heating the wall of the tube with a soldering iron. Once initiated, no further energy was required for the polymerization to occur. The dependence of the front velocity and front temperature on the initiator concentration was investigated. The front temperatures were between 132 and 157 °C, depending on the initiator concentration. The morphology, swelling rate, and swelling behavior of amphiphilic gels prepared via FP were comparatively investigated on the basis of scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle, and swelling measurements. Results show that the amphiphilic gels prepared via FP behave with good swelling capacity both in water and organic solvents. The FP can be exploited as an alternative means for synthesis of amphiphilic gels with additional advantages of fast and efficient way. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 823–831, 2010
Synthesis of polymeric 1‐iminopyridinium ylides as photoreactive polymers
Authors: Klinger Daniel , Nilles Katja , Theato Patrick 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTwo synthetic routes to polymeric 1‐imino pyridinium ylides as new photoreactive polymeric architectures were investigated. In the first approach, polymerization of newly synthesized 1‐imino pyridinium ylide containing monomers yielding their polymeric analogues was achieved by free radical polymerization. Alternatively, reactive precursor polymers were synthesized and converted into the respective 1‐imino pyridinium ylide polymers by polymer analogous reactions on reactive precursor polymers. Quantitative conversion of the reactive groups was achieved with pentafluorophenyl ester containing polymers and newly synthesized photoreactive amines as well as by the reaction of poly(4‐vinylbenzoyl azide) with a photoreactive alcohol. The polymers obtained by both routes were examined regarding their photoreaction products and kinetics in solution as well as in thin polymer films. Contact angle measurements of water on the polymer films before and after irradiation showed dramatic changes in the hydrophilicity of the polymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 832–844, 2010
Diagnostic protein marker patterns in squamous cervical cancer
Authors: Lomnytska Marta I. , Becker Susanne , Hellman Kristina , Hellström Ann‐Cathrin , Souchelnytskyi Serhiy , Mints Miriam , Hellman Ulf , Andersson Sonia , Auer Gert 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPurpose: Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent malignancy of women. Our aim was to identify additional marker protein patterns for objective diagnosis of squamous cervical cancer (SCC).Experimental design: Collected tissue biopsies of SCC, squamous vaginal cancer (SVC), normal cervical and vaginal mucosa were subjected to 2‐DE, SameSpot analysis, MALDI‐TOF‐MS protein identification, and analysis of the expression of selected proteins by immunohistochemistry.Results: In 148 protein spots selected by the difference in expression 99 proteins were identified. A differential protein pattern for SCC was, e.g. over‐expressed (OE) eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3‐2β, neutrophil cytosolic factor 2, annexin A6 (ANXA6), for SVC it was OE cathepsin D, γ‐catenin, RAB2A, for both cancers it was OE apolipoprotein E, tropomyosin 3, HSPA8, and underexpressed cytokeratin 13, osteoglycin. In SCC nuclear expression of neutrophil cytosolic factor 2, PRDX2, HSP27 (nine of ten cases), ANXA6 (nine of ten cases) was observed while tropomyosin 4 was expressed only in two of ten cases. There was 81.1% (43/53) agreement between the expression of protein spots and the immune expression of proteins (www.proteinatlas.org).Conclusions and clinical relevance: SCC is characterized by specific tissue marker protein patterns that allow objective detection of the disease. They can become a basis for objective automated cytology‐based screening and improve current diagnostics of SCC.
Shotgun proteomics identifies proteins specific for acute renal transplant rejection
Authors: Sigdel Tara K. , Kaushal Amit , Gritsenko Marina , Norbeck Angela D. , Qian Wei‐Jun , Xiao Wenzhong , Camp David G. , Smith Richard D. , Sarwal Minnie M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPurpose: Acute rejection (AR) remains the primary risk factor for renal transplant outcome; development of non‐invasive diagnostic biomarkers for AR is an unmet need.Experimental design: We used shotgun proteomics applying LC‐MS/MS and ELISA to analyze a set of 92 urine samples, from patients with AR, stable grafts (STA), proteinuria (NS), and healthy controls.Results: A total of 1446 urinary proteins (UP) were identified along with a number of non‐specific proteinuria‐specific, renal transplantation specific and AR‐specific proteins. Relative abundance of identified UP was measured by protein‐level spectral counts adopting a weighted fold‐change statistic, assigning increased weight for more frequently observed proteins. We have identified alterations in a number of specific UP in AR, primarily relating to MHC antigens, the complement cascade and extra‐cellular matrix proteins. A subset of proteins (uromodulin, SERPINF1 and CD44), have been further cross‐validated by ELISA in an independent set of urine samples, for significant differences in the abundance of these UP in AR.Conclusions and clinical relevance: This label‐free, semi‐quantitative approach for sampling the urinary proteome in normal and disease states provides a robust and sensitive method for detection of UP for serial, non‐invasive clinical monitoring for graft rejection after kidney transplantation.
Proteomic studies on receptor for advanced glycation end product variants in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ohlmeier Steffen , Mazur Witold , Salmenkivi Kaisa , Myllärniemi Marjukka , Bergmann Ulrich , Kinnula Vuokko L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPurpose: Proteomic screening revealed declined levels of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study was undertaken to investigate the different RAGE isoforms in two lung diseases with destruction of the lung parenchyma, i.e. IPF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Experimental design: RAGE was analyzed by 2‐DE, MS and Western blotting using lung tissues from non‐smokers, smokers, patients with IPF, COPD and α‐1‐antitrypsin deficiency (AAT) and by ELISA from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples. Results: RAGE, detected by 2‐DE in the control lung, was confirmed to be glycosylated, soluble, C‐truncated RAGE with characteristics indicative of the presence of endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE). Further studies revealed a decrease of the full length‐RAGE (FL‐RAGE) and its C‐terminal processed variant (cRAGE) in the lung tissues of IPF and COPD patients but not in AAT. The esRAGE level was reduced in IPF but was unchanged in COPD. Conclusions and clinical relevance: This study shows an involvement of the three RAGE variants (FL‐RAGE, cRAGE, esRAGE) in IPF. The decline of FL‐RAGE and cRAGE, but not esRAGE, in COPD lungs is evidence of involvement of specific RAGE variants also in this disease.
Rapid, robotic, small‐scale protein production for NMR screening and structure determination
Authors: Jensen Davin R. , Woytovich Christopher , Li Margie , Duvnjak Petar , Cassidy Michael S. , Frederick Ronnie O. , Bergeman Lai F. , Peterson Francis C. , Volkman Brian F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThree‐dimensional protein structure determination is a costly process due in part to the low success rate within groups of potential targets. Conventional validation methods eliminate the vast majority of proteins from further consideration through a time‐consuming succession of screens for expression, solubility, purification, and folding. False negatives at each stage incur unwarranted reductions in the overall success rate. We developed a semi‐automated protocol for isotopically‐labeled protein production using the Maxwell‐16, a commercially available bench top robot, that allows for single‐step target screening by 2D NMR. In the span of a week, one person can express, purify, and screen 48 different 15N‐labeled proteins, accelerating the validation process by more than 10‐fold. The yield from a single channel of the Maxwell‐16 is sufficient for acquisition of a high‐quality 2D 1H‐15N‐HSQC spectrum using a 3‐mm sample cell and 5‐mm cryogenic NMR probe. Maxwell‐16 screening of a control group of proteins reproduced previous validation results from conventional small‐scale expression screening and large‐scale production approaches currently employed by our structural genomics pipeline. Analysis of 18 new protein constructs identified two potential structure targets that included the second PDZ domain of human Par‐3. To further demonstrate the broad utility of this production strategy, we solved the PDZ2 NMR structure using [U‐15N,13C] protein prepared using the Maxwell‐16. This novel semi‐automated protein production protocol reduces the time and cost associated with NMR structure determination by eliminating unnecessary screening and scale‐up steps.
The effect of oxygen remote plasma treatment on ZnO TFTs fabricated by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Lee Seungjun , Bang Seokhwan , Park Joohyun , Park Soyeon , Jeong Wooho , Jeon Hyeongtag 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe deposited ZnO thin films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and then investigated the chemical and electrical characteristics after plasma treatment. The chemical bonding states were examined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS spectra of O 1s showed that the intensity of oxygen deficient regions of the ZnO film decreased from 27.6 to 19.4%, while the intensity of the oxygen bound on the surface of the ZnO film increased from 15.0 to 21.9% as plasma exposure times increased. The ZnO film exhibited a decrease in carrier concentration from 4.9 × 1015 to 1.2 × 1014 cm−3 and an increase in resistivity from 1.2 × 102 to 9.8 × 103 Ω cm as the plasma exposure times increased. To verify the changes in the chemical and electrical properties of the ZnO films caused by the oxygen remote plasma treatment, ZnO thin film transistors were fabricated and their electrical properties were investigated. We found that the Ion/Ioff ratio increased from 7.3 × 104 to 8.6 × 106, the subthreshold swings improved from 1.67 to 0.45 V/decade, and the saturation mobility (µsat) decreased from 1.63 to 0.72 cm2/V s as plasma exposure times were increased.
Effect of deep‐level states on current–voltage characteristics and electroluminescence of blue and UV light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Nana R. , Gnanachchelvi P. , Awaah M. A. , Gowda M. H. , Kamto A. M. , Wang Y. , Park M. , Das K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCurrent–voltage (I–V) characteristics and electroluminescence spectra of several ultraviolet and blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting nominally at 380, 400, 430, and 468 nm were studied. These diodes exhibited an Ohmic regime at low forward biases; then the current increased sharply as bias increased. Several changes in the slope of logarithmic I–V plots indicated that, I ∝ Vx. These changes in the slope were interpreted as single‐carrier space‐charge‐limited (SCL) transport across the diode active region. As bias increased the deep states were filled and for the 400‐ and 468‐nm diodes ideality factors of ∼2 were obtained. This indicated that, as bias increased the transport mechanism changed from SCL conduction to recombination of injected carriers in the space‐charge region. For the 380‐ and 430‐nm diodes, ideality factors >>2 were obtained, although the observed electroluminescence spectrum indicated substantial radiative recombination. For the diode emitting at 430 nm, several peaks including the major peak at ∼424 nm appeared to have resulted from transitions between the conduction‐band edge and deep states, identified from the I–V characteristics, likely to be associated with Zn doping of the InGaN active region. Deep states in the other diodes appeared to be ineffective in the radiative recombination process.
Lucidone, a novel melanin inhibitor from the fruit of Lindera erythrocarpa Makino
Authors: Kumar K. J. Senthil , Yang Jeng‐Chuann , Chu Feng‐Hua , Chang Shang‐Tzen , Wang Sheng‐Yang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe effects of lucidone on tyrosinase and antimelanogenic activity were investigated. Initially, we found that lucidone strongly inhibits the activity of mushroom tyrosinase. The effects of lucidone on tyrosinase were further examined in α‐MSH‐induced B16 melanoma cells. Lucidone significantly inhibits tyrosinase activity and leads to decreased melanin content in cultured B16 melanoma cells. Lucidone also attenuates the expression of tyrosinase and MITF (Microphthalmia‐associated Transcription Factor) protein in a concentration‐dependent manner, as shown by western blot. Quantitative real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) confirmed that lucidone inhibits the expression of tyrosinase mRNA. Accordingly, the effects of lucidone on the ERK signaling pathway were also investigated, but lucidone was not found to play major role in the induction of ERK activation. Our data indicate that the antimelanogenic activity of lucidone is probably due to its inhibition of tyrosinase activity and the suppression of tyrosinase and MITF expression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving anticancer activities of Oplopanax horridus root bark extract by removing water‐soluble components
Authors: Sun Shi , Li Xiao‐Li , Wang Chong‐Zhi , Williams Stainley , Yuan Chun‐Su 
Published: January 2010

AbstractO. horridus is used as a folk medicine by natives in the Northern Pacific coast of North America. This experiment studied the antiproliferative effects of the extract of O. horridus root bark and its fractions chromatographed from Dianion HP20 resin column with water, 30, 50, 70 and 100% ethanol on human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells and non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. The role of O. horridus in the cell cycle and apoptosis of MCF‐7 cells was also investigated. The results showed that the 70% and 100% ethanol fractions demonstrated more potent antiproliferative effects than the total extract on both cell lines. The antiproliferative effects may result from the enrichment of active constituents detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The IC50 of the total extract, 50, 70, and 100% ethanol fractions for antiproliferation on MCF‐7 cells were 248.4, 123.1, 44.0, and 31.5 μg/mL, respectively, and on NSCLC cells were 125.3, 271.1, 17.6, and 23.2 μg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the water and 30% ethanol fractions significantly promoted cell proliferation on MCF‐7 cells at concentrations > 100 μg/mL, suggesting that the hydrophilic fractions should be removed from the extract when used for cancer chemoprevention in order to achieve desirable activities. The effects of the total extract on cell cycle and apoptosis were similar to that of the 100% ethanol fraction because of the similarity of their chemical composition. At higher concentrations, the apoptotic effects of the 70% ethanol fraction are more significant. Data from this study suggested that the 70% and 100% ethanol fractions are active antiproliferative fractions and that induction of apoptosis is the mechanism involved in the antiproliferative effect observed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiprotozoal, antimycobacterial and cytotoxic potential of twenty‐three British and Irish red algae
Authors: Allmendinger Andrea , Spavieri Jasmine , Kaiser Marcel , Casey Rosalyn , Hingley‐Wilson Suzie , Lalvani Ajit , Guiry Michael , Blunden Gerald , Tasdemir Deniz 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAs part of our continuing research on seaweeds, we have screened the crude extracts of 23 red marine algae collected from England and Ireland. The clinically important blood‐stage life forms of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi, Leishmania donovani and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were used as test organisms in the in vitro assays. The selectivity of the extracts was determined by using mammalian skeletal myoblast (L6) cells. All algal extracts showed activity against T. brucei rhodesiense, with Corallina officinalis and Ceramium virgatum being the most potent (IC50 values 4.8 and 5.4 μg/ml), whilst none of the algal extracts inhibited the growth of T. cruzi. Except for Porphyra leucosticta, extracts from all seaweeds also showed leishmanicidal activity with IC50 values ranging from 16.5 to 85.6 μg/ml. Only the crude extract of Calliblepharis jubata showed some weak activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC value 256 μg/ml), while the others were inactive at this concentration. Corallina officinalis was the only seaweed that displayed some marginal cytotoxicity (IC50 value 88.6 μg/ml), and all remaining extracts were non‐toxic towards L6 cells at 90 μg/ml concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activity of British and Irish red algae. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric pressure laser desorption/ionization of plant metabolites and plant tissue using colloidal graphite
Authors: Perdian D. C. , Schieffer G. M. , Houk R. S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractColloidal graphite is a promising matrix for atmospheric pressure laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Intact [M+H]+ and [M–H]− ions are readily produced from a wide range of small molecule plant metabolites, particularly anthocyanins, fatty acids, lipids, glycerides, and ceramides. Compared with a more traditional organic acid matrix, colloidal graphite provides more efficient ionization for small hydrophobic molecules and has a much cleaner background spectrum, especially in negative ion mode. Some important metabolites, e.g., fatty acids and glycosylated flavonoids, can be observed from Arabidopsis thaliana leaf and flower petal tissues in situ. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.