bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Another place, another timer: Marine species and the rhythms of life
Authors: Tessmar‐Raible Kristin , Raible Florian , Arboleda Enrique 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe marine ecosystem is governed by a multitude of environmental cycles, all of which are linked to the periodical recurrence of the sun or the moon. In accordance with these cycles, marine species exhibit a variety of biological rhythms, ranging from circadian and circatidal rhythms to circalunar and seasonal rhythms. However, our current molecular understanding of biological rhythms and clocks is largely restricted to solar‐controlled circadian and seasonal rhythms in land model species. Here, we discuss the first molecular data emerging for circalunar and circatidal rhythms and present selected species suitable for further molecular analyses. We argue that a re‐focus on marine species will be crucial to understand the principles, interactions and evolution of rhythms that govern a broad range of eukaryotes, including ourselves.
Single‐chain antibody fragment production in Pichia pastoris: Benefits of prolonged pre‐induction glycerol feeding
Authors: Khatri Narendar K. , Gocke Dörte , Trentmann Oliver , Neubauer Peter , Hoffmann Frank 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSecretory production of a single‐chain antibody fragment (scFv) by recombinant Pichia pastoris using the methanol inducible AOX1 promoter is limited biochemically by retarded secretion, and economically by the high demand for pure oxygen. To address the problem, the adaptation phase with growth‐limiting feeding of glycerol before the production phase was optimized. In a standard procedure with a short glycerol‐feeding phase before induction, scFv accumulated in the supernatant only after 15 h. Conversely, scFv started to appear immediately in the medium upon methanol induction when the glycerol‐feeding phase was extended to 18 h. Interestingly, despite a significantly lower cell density in the cultivation with extended glycerol feeding, the same amount of functional product of 300 mg/L was obtained about 30 h after the start of glycerol feeding with both methods. mRNA analysis revealed that the higher and faster production of the product was related to longer lasting induction of the scFv mRNA. Additional effects of a better adaptation of the secretion machinery may be suggested by higher expression of unfolded protein response‐related genes KAR2 and PDI. A clear benefit of the longer glycerol‐feeding phase was a 75% reduction of the consumption of both pure oxygen and methanol, and a significantly lower cell density, which would be beneficial for down‐stream purification of the product.
Chromophore Exchange in the Blue Light‐Sensitive Photoreceptor YtvA from Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Mansurova Madina , Scheercousse Pierre , Simon Julian , Kluth Marianne , Gärtner Wolfgang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractYtvA from Bacillus subtilis was found as the first prokaryotic phototropin‐like blue‐light‐responsive photoreceptor. It is composed of two domains, the photoactive LOV (light, oxygen, voltage) domain, which binds a flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as a chromophore and a STAS (sulfate transporter/anti‐sigma‐factor antagonist) domain, which generates a physiological signal. Here we present a routine chromophore‐exchange protocol that allows chemically synthesized, structurally modified chromophores instead of the naturally present flavin mononucleotide (FMN) chromophore to be introduced. FMN was exchanged for riboflavin (RF), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), 7,8‐didemethyl flavin mononucleotide (DMFMN), and 8‐isopropyl flavin mononucleotide (iprFMN). LOV domains reconstituted with new flavins undergo the same photocycle as native YtvA LOV, consisting of triplet formation and covalent binding of the chromophore followed by a thermal recovery of the parent state, albeit with different kinetics and photophysical properties. Interestingly, the iprFMN chromophore, inducing steric hindrances to the protein, exhibits a very fast light‐to‐dark‐conversion and shows a high fluorescence quantum yield (0.4). Incorporation of FAD causes an increase of its fluorescence quantum yield from 0.04 (H2O) to 0.2.
Left Ventricular Contraction Patterns in Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome and Normal Coronary Angiograms: A New Look at the Takotsubo Syndrome
Authors: Paixao Andre R.M. , Balaji Nicholas , Ryzhikov Alex , Ghafourian Kambiz , Collins Sara , Suddath William O. , Satler Lowell F. , Kent Kenneth M. , Pichard Augusto D. , Waksman Ron , Lindsay Joseph 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundOriginal descriptions of the takotsubo syndrome (TS) included a characteristic left ventricular (LV) contraction pattern, “apical ballooning.” Recently, several reports have associated contraction patterns not strictly conforming to the original description with TS. The specifics of the contraction pattern seem to set TS apart from the much larger population of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) but no obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD). This study was undertaken to compare patients with midventricular and apical dysfunction with those with other LV contraction patterns.HypothesisIf TS can present with a variety of patterns of LV dysfunction, then both those with and those without the pattern should have the clinical components previously assigned to the syndrome.MethodsWe studied LV contraction patterns in consecutive ACS patients referred for consideration of emergent or urgent percutaneous coronary intervention.ResultsOf the 893 patients evaluated in 2008, we excluded 862 on the basis of OCAD, preexisting LV dysfunction, or an obvious alternative cause of symptoms. The remaining 31 (3.5%) also had no OCAD but manifested an LV contraction abnormality. We compared the 15 patients (1.7%) whose ventriculograms met criteria for TS with the 16 patients (1.8%) whose did not. The most common alternative pattern was global hypokinesis, followed by a variety of segmental contraction abnormalities. Patients with the TS pattern were older and had evidence of greater myocardial injury. More than 85% were women.ConclusionsThe TS pattern identifies a distinct subset of ACS patients with a remarkable predominance of postmenopausal women and is therefore fundamental to the definition of this entity. This distinctive facet of the syndrome is likely to be an important clue to its pathogenesis. We did not encounter patients with other patterns of LV dysfunction that could be thought to represent stress‐induced cardiomyopathy. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, ﬁnancial relationships, or conﬂicts of interest to disclose.
Effect of Atenolol vs Metoprolol Succinate on Vascular Function in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Heffernan Kevin S. , Suryadevara Ramya , Patvardhan Eshan A. , Mooney Paula , Karas Richard H. , Kuvin Jeffrey T. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the effect of atenolol vs metoprolol succinate on vascular function in patients with essential hypertension.HypothesisGiven intrinsic differences between these agents, we hypothesized that atenolol and metoprolol succinate would have disparate effects on vascular function.MethodsThis study included 24 patients with hypertension (age 56 ± 2 years, 8 female, body mass index 28 ± 1) and featured a randomized, double‐blind, crossover design. Each β‐blocker (atenolol or metoprolol succinate) was taken by patients once daily for a 4‐week period. Measures of vascular function included peripheral augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave amplitude reactive hyperemia index from peripheral arterial tonometry, and brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation from ultrasound.ResultsThere were similar reductions in mean arterial pressure following treatment with atenolol and metoprolol succinate. Compared with metoprolol succinate, there was a significant increase in peripheral AIx following atenolol therapy (P < 0.05). There were no changes in brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation or pulse wave amplitude reactive hyperemia index following either drug treatment.ConclusionsAlthough atenolol and metoprolol succinate have similar effects on blood‐pressure reduction, they have different effects on vascular function. Compared with metoprolol succinate, atenolol increases peripheral AIx. Neither drug has an effect on vascular endothelial function. These findings may have clinical implications, depending on the indication for treatment in an individual patient. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.These data are derived from a parent study which was funded, in part, by AstraZeneca, Inc. K. Heffernan was supported by funding from NIH T32 HL069770‐06. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
1‐(3‐Biaryloxy‐2‐oxopropyl)indole‐5‐carboxylic Acids and Related Compounds as Dual Inhibitors of Human Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α and Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase
Authors: Zahov Stefan , Drews Andreas , Hess Mark , Schulze Elfringhoff Alwine , Lehr Matthias 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) are enzymes that have emerged as attractive targets for the development of analgesic and anti‐inflammatory drugs. We recently reported that 1‐[3‐(4‐octylphenoxy)‐2‐ oxopropyl]indole‐5‐carboxylic acid (5) is a dual inhibitor of cPLA2α and FAAH. Structure–activity relationship studies revealed that substituents at the indole 3‐ and 5‐positions and replacement of the indole scaffold of this compound by other heterocycles strongly influences the inhibitory potency against cPLA2α and FAAH, respectively. Herein we report the effect of variation of the 4‐octyl residue of 5 and an exchange of its carboxylic acid moiety by some bioisosteric functional groups. Several of the compounds assayed were favorably active against both enzymes, and could therefore represent agents with improved analgesic and anti‐inflammatory qualities in comparison with selective cPLA2α and FAAH inhibitors.
Synthesis and characterization of manganese sulphide thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Chowdhury M. R. I. , Podder J. , Islam A. B. M. O. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractManganese sulphide (MnS) thin films have been deposited onto glass substrate by a low cost spray‐pyrolysis technique at 220 °C. The as‐deposited MnS thin films have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray diffraction, UV visible spectroscopy and photo electrochemical (PEC) measurement. The SEM and AFM images showed that the MnS thin films were well covered onto the substrate surface. The as‐deposited raw thin film was found to be amorphous in nature and perfectly crystalline phase after annealing the sample. Optical band gap of the MnS thin films was found to vary from 3.1 to 3.21 eV and the band gap decreases with the increase in film thickness. Optical constants such as refractive index, extinction coefficient have been evaluated using reflectance and absorbance data. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and characterization of simonkolleite nanodisks and their conversion into ZnO nanostructures
Authors: Li Yan , Zou Yunling , Hou Yanyan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSimonkolleite (Zn5(OH)8Cl2·2H2O) nanodisks with a width of 40 nm have been successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method using zinc chloride and ammonia as the starting materials. The conversion mechanisms from simonkolleite nanodisks to ZnO spindles under hydrothermal condition and to ZnO nanotablets under solid phase transformation were discussed respectively. The simonkolleite nanodisks obviously occur in hydrothermal system with the combination of a lower alkalinity, lower temperature (<363 K), a higher NH4+ ions concentration and in existence of Cl‐ anion. The morphologies, crystal phases and photoluminescence properties of as‐synthesized samples were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, powder X‐ray diffractometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The photocatalytic activities of these as‐synthesized samples in the degradation of methyl orange have been demonstrated. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Compact Metal–Organic Frameworks for Anti‐Corrosion Applications: New Binary Linear Saturated Carboxylates of Zinc
Authors: Mesbah Adel , Jacques Sophie , Rocca Emmanuel , François Michel , Steinmetz Jean 
Published: January 2011

AbstractZinc‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), binary zinc carboxylates ZnCnCn′ with Cn and Cn′ = CH3(CH2)n – 2COO–, have been synthesised and characterised for anti‐corrosion applications. The crystallographic structures of ZnC10C14 and ZnC10C16 were determied from synchrotron powder diffraction data and refined by the Rietveld method. Protective coatings on electrogalvanised steel composed of ZnC12C16 have been developed by formulating a particular “carboxylating” bath. The ZnC12C16 coating exhibits better anti‐corrosion behaviour than the pure Zn(C16)2 and Zn(C12)2 coatings, according to electrochemical and non‐electrochemical measurements. The crystallographic results and corrosion measurements demonstrate the great flexibility of the zinc carboxylate lamellar structures in modifying the insolubility and hydrophobicity of the protective coatings. In addition, the conditions for the ZnC12C16 coating process fulfil the specifications for the surface treatment of zinc. Finally, these new compounds, which can be easily synthesised in water, provide a new and environmentally friendly anti‐corrosion treatment for metals.
Predictability of saccadic behaviors is modified by transcranial magnetic stimulation over human posterior parietal cortex
Authors: Chao Chang‐Mao , Tseng Philip , Hsu Tzu‐Yu , Su Jia‐Han , Tzeng Ovid J.L. , Hung Daisy L. , Muggleton Neil G. , Juan Chi‐Hung 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPredictability in the visual environment provides a powerful cue for efficient processing of scenes and objects. Recently, studies have suggested that the directionality and magnitude of saccade curvature can be informative as to how the visual system processes predictive information. The present study investigated the role of the right posterior parietal cortex (rPPC) in shaping saccade curvatures in the context of predictive and non‐predictive visual cues. We used an orienting paradigm that incorporated manipulation of target location predictability and delivered transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over rPPC. Participants were presented with either an informative or uninformative cue to upcoming target locations. Our results showed that rPPC TMS generally increased saccade latency and saccade error rates. Intriguingly, rPPC TMS increased curvatures away from the distractor only when the target location was unpredictable and decreased saccadic errors towards the distractor. These effects on curvature and accuracy were not present when the target location was predictable. These results dissociate the strong contingency between saccade latency and saccade curvature and also indicate that rPPC plays an important role in allocating and suppressing attention to distractors when the target demands visual disambiguation. Furthermore, the present study suggests that, like the frontal eye fields, rPPC is critically involved in determining saccade curvature and the generation of saccadic behaviors under conditions of differing target predictability. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic variation of the α2b‐adrenoceptor affects neural correlates of successful emotional memory formation
Authors: Urner Maren , van Wingen Guido , Franke Barbara , Rijpkema Mark , Fernández Guillén , Tendolkar Indira 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective: Enhanced memory for emotionally charged events helps us to remember potentially vital information. There are large interindividual differences in emotional‐memory enhancement, but little is known about their neurobiological basis. Recently, a functional deletion variant of the gene that codes for the α2b‐adrenoceptor (ADRA2B) has been shown to affect memory for emotional experiences. Initial neuroimaging evidence linked this behavioral effect to increased amygdala activity, but its influence on successful memory processing remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the common deletion in the ADRA2B gene on neural activity related to specific mnemonic processing, successful memory formation, and retrieval. Methods: Twenty‐three noncarriers (10 males) and 28 deletion carriers (13 males) with a mean age of 24 years were investigated while performing an emotional‐learning task with sad and happy scenes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was acquired both during memory formation and retrieval. Results: Although there were no differences in memory performance between groups, the common deletion variant of ADRA2B was related to enhanced activity in the amygdala and inferior frontal gyrus during successful emotional memory formation, but not retrieval. Deletion carriers showed a larger differential response in these brain regions between later‐remembered and later‐forgotten stimuli than nondeletion carriers did. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the ADRA2B polymorphism influences emotional memory formation but not memory retrieval in the amygdala and left inferior frontal gyrus. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
N‐(2‐hydroxyaryl)benzamide synthesis from 2‐nitroaryl benzoates via an indium‐mediated reduction‐migration reaction
Authors: Lee Hyejeong , Kim Minki , Jun Young Moo , Kim Byeong Hyo , Lee Byung Min 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA one‐pot reduction‐triggered N‐(2‐hydroxyaryl)benzamide synthesis from 2‐nitroaryl benzoate substrates was investigated. In the presence of indium/AcOH in THF/H2O, 2‐nitroaryl benzoates produced reasonable yields of the benzo group migrated N‐(2‐hydroxyaryl)benzamides at room temperature within 1 h. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:158–167, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20669
The reaction of red phosphorus with 1‐bromonaphthalene in the KOH–DMSO system: Synthesis of tri(1‐naphthyl)phosphane
Authors: Kuimov Vladimir A. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Gusarova Nina K. , Vakul'skaya Tamara I. , Khutsishvili Spartak S. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRed phosphorus reacts with 1‐bromonaphthalene in the KOH–DMSO system upon heating (47–70°C, 3 h) to give tri(1‐naphthyl)phosphane in 10% yield. Microwave activation (600 W, 6 min) of the reaction affords the above‐mentioned phosphane in 25% yield. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:198–203, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20671
New Phenylphenalene Derivatives from Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
Authors: Wang Ming‐Zhong , Cai Xiang‐Hai , Luo Xiao‐Dong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWater hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a cause of great concern in terms of environmental and agricultural impacts in many parts of the world. Phytochemical investigation of water hyacinth led to the isolation of six new phenylphenalenes, 2,3‐dihydro‐3,9‐dihydroxy‐5‐methoxy‐4‐phenyl‐1H‐phenalen‐1‐one (1), 2,3‐dihydro‐8‐methoxy‐9‐phenyl‐1H‐phenalene‐1,4‐diol (2), 2,3‐dihydro‐4,8‐dimethoxy‐9‐phenyl‐1H‐phenalen‐1‐ol (3), 2,3‐dihydro‐9‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐8‐methoxy‐1H‐phenalene‐1,4‐diol (4), 2,6‐dimethoxy‐9‐phenyl‐1H‐phenalen‐1‐one (5), and 7‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5,6‐dimethoxy‐1H‐phenalen‐1‐one (6), together with the four known compounds 7–10. Their structures were elucidated by spectrometric methods including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and MS analysis. These compounds may be involved in allelopathic interactions of water hyacinth with neighboring plants.
A New Synthesis of Fused Oxa‐ and Thiacrown Ethers–Thiophene/Furan Oligomers
Authors: Garzino Frédéric , Méou Alain , Brun Pierre 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe have developed a two‐step sequence for preparing a series of macrocyclic oxa‐ and thiacrown ethers affixed to a thiophene/furan oligomer. The sequence involves the intramolecular MnIII‐promoted cyclization of linear diester precursors into 2,3‐dihydrofurans, whose dehydrogenation furnishes the title compounds. A preliminary NMR study has shown that one of them seems to specifically chelate Pb2+ cations.
Synthesis of Diheteroarylamine Ligands by Palladium‐Catalyzed Mono‐ and Diamination of Dichlorohetero­arenes with Heteroarenamines
Authors: Samson Daniel , Daltrozzo Ewald 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe syntheses of bidentate (see 6 and 12), bis‐bidentate (7, 10, and 13) up to oligo‐bidentate (see 11 and 14) diheteroarylamine‐based N,N‐ligands are reported (Tables 2, 4, and 5). In the course of investigations on heteroaromatic (CN)‐bond formations, a protocol for the Pd‐catalyzed mono‐ and diamination of 2,6‐dichloropyridine (1) and 4,6‐dichloropyrimidines 5 with heteroaren‐2‐amines 2 and pyrimidine‐4,6‐diamines 8 is developed. The results are applied to the syntheses of the ‘pentamers’ 11a–11d and the ‘heptamer’ 14 based on 4,6‐disubstituted 2‐alkylpyrimidines 5 and 8, respectively.
Eremophilenolide‐Type Sesquiterpenes from Hertia intermedia
Authors: Malik Abdul , Afza Nighat , Yasmeen Shazia , Aijaz Anwer Mohammad , Irfan Ali Muhammad , Bakhsh Tareen Rasool 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHertidins A–E (1–5, resp.), new eremophilenolide‐type sesquiterpenes, have been isolated from the AcOEt‐soluble fraction of Hertia intermedia. Structures of 1–5 were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic studies.
Preparation of the β2‐Homoselenocysteine Derivatives Fmoc‐(S)‐β2hSec(PMB)‐OH and Boc‐(S)‐β2hSec(PMB)‐OH for Solution and Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Patora‐Komisarska Krystyna , Jadwiga Podwysocka Dominika , Seebach Dieter 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFmoc‐β2hSer(tBu)‐OH was converted to Fmoc‐β2hSec(PMB)‐OH in five steps. To avoid elimination of HSeR, the selenyl group was introduced in the second last step (Fmoc‐β2hSer(Ts)‐OAll→Fmoc‐β2hSec(PMB)‐OAll). In a similar way, the N‐Boc‐protected compound was prepared. With the β2hSe‐derivatives, 21 β2‐amino‐acid building blocks with proteinogenic side chains are now available for peptide synthesis.
Inverse heat conduction problems by using particular solutions
Authors: Wen P.H. , Hon Y.C. , Xu Y.G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBased on the method of fundamental solutions, we develop in this paper a new computational method to solve two‐dimensional transient heat conduction inverse problems. The main idea is to use particular solutions as radial basis functions (PSRBF) for approximation of the solutions to the inverse heat conduction problems. The heat conduction equations are first analyzed in the Laplace transformed domain and the Durbin inversion method is then used to determine the solutions in the time domain. Least‐square and singular value decomposition (SVD) techniques are adopted to solve the ill‐conditioned linear system of algebraic equations obtained from the proposed PSRBF method. To demonstrate the effectiveness and simplicity of this approach, several numerical examples are given with satisfactory accuracy and stability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20335
Eco‐friendly synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives by grinding under solvent‐free conditions
Authors: Li Jun , Jiang Dan‐Na , Chen Jiu‐Xi , Liu Miao‐Chang , Ding Jin‐Chang , Wu Hua‐Yue 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn efficient and facile synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives in excellent isolated yields by the condensation of 1,2‐diamines and 1,2‐diketones on grinding under solvent‐free conditions at ambient temperature has been developed. The important features of this method are that it is reasonably fast, very clean, high yielding, simple workup, and environmentally benign. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 00, 00 (2011).