bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Two-Phase Sub-Cooled Heat-Pipe at Different Regimes
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed , Ali Ahmed Abd El Badie Ibrahim , Mansour Mohamed salah , Abdel-Raouf Moataz Mohamed , Eid Mohamed Ashraf 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A new sub-cooled two-phase thermosyphon or heat-pipe devices are important for enhancing heat transfer. The properties are examined using theoretical modeling and experimental measurements of the sub-cooled heat loop during the heating-up, steady-state, and cooling-down phases. Experimentally, the sub-cooled heat-pipe's heating rate effective, cooling rate, and evaporator length are evaluated in heating-up, steady-state, and cooling-down modes. The dynamic model of the sub-cooled heat-pipe in the current practical investigation is important for several applications of irregular operation. This research seeks to create a theoretical framework, which accurately represents the double-tube evaporator's dynamic properties. This will be achieved by examining several transient parameters throughout the warm-up, stable condition, and cool-down phases of operation. The model effectively reproduces the phase and thermal properties of a closed, sub-cooled heat-pipe containing two phases. The experimental results of our practical setup based on the thermal evaporator wall and the working fluid show simple exponential behavior. The results from the experimental measurements and the theoretical model demonstrate their mutual accord.
Brazing of surface modified C/C composites to Ni-based superalloy for high temperature applications
Authors: Shen Yuanxun , Li Yunyue , Sheng Lanbing , Liang Yiming , Hao Chuanyong , She Chun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this paper, brazing of high reliability C/C composites-metal joint for high temperature application was studied. The surface of C/C composites was modified by Cr metallization process and then brazed to Ni-based superalloy by AgPd braze. Alumina block was used as interlayer and a zig-zag interfacial structure was constructed at the composites/braze interface. The results show that, after the metallization process, a strong adhesion reaction layer consisting of Cr carbides was coated on the C/C surface which in turn obviously improved the wettability of braze. The molted braze filled completely into the laser machined holes in C/C substate and well-bonded interfaces and homogeneous Ag(Pd) solution microstructure was obtained in the joint. The strength of joint with C/C metallized at 1100℃ is higher than that of joint with 1300℃. The joints exhibit very high bending strength up to 82 MPa and shear strength up to 54 MPa, respectively. The braze spikes increase the connection area and provide strong pinning effect.
Classical Solutions of a Mixed Problem with the Zaremba Boundary Condition for a Mildly Quasilinear Wave Equation
Authors: Korzyuk Viktor , Rudzko Jan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

For a mildly nonlinear wave equation given in the first quadrant, we consider a mixed problem in which we pose the Cauchy conditions on the spatial half-line and the Zaremba condition on the time half-line. Using the method of characteristics, we construct the solution in an implicit analytical form as a solution of some integro-differential equations. The solvability of these equations is studied, as well as the dependence on the initial data and the smoothness of their solutions. For the problem in question, the uniqueness of the solution is proved, and the conditions under which its classical solution exists are established. If the compatibility conditions are not satisfied, then we consider a problem with conjugation conditions. We construct a mild solution if the data are not smooth enough. We apply the obtained mathematical results to solve a problem from combustion theory.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 35L20; Secondary 35A02, 35A09, 35D99, 35L71, 35Q79, 80A25.
Geotechnical response of Strip footing resting on oil-contaminated sand improved with stone columns - Numerical Study
Authors: Nasr A. M , Azzam W. R , Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Ground improvement techniques are crucial in construction, particularly in weak soil conditions. This study examines ordinary stone columns (OSC) and encased stone columns (ESC) to enhance endurance, shear strength, and soil hardness. The research investigates their behavior under strip footing in contaminated sand subgrades. Utilizing a Finite Element Model (FEM) in PLAXIS 3D, 74 cases were analyzed, focusing on OSC and ESC with diameters of 0.5m and 0.6m and a constant length of 12m. The contaminated sand content varied (2%, 5%, and 10%), and internal friction angles were 35°, 40°, and 45°. Results showed a significant increase in endurance for both OSC and ESC on untreated soil, with ESC demonstrating higher performance. For a 5% contaminated sand content, OSC's endurance increased by 100%-180% and ESC's by 275%-375%, depending on diameter and friction angle. The study aims to offer insights into OSC and ESC efficacy as geotechnical solutions for soil improvement in construction. This research provides valuable data for understanding and optimizing ground improvement techniques for weak soil conditions.
Adding metabolic tasks to Human GEM models to improve the study
of gene targets and their associated toxicities
Authors: Guil Francisco , Garcia Raquel , Garcia Jose Manuel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Genetic minimal cut sets (gMCS) are sets of genes that must be deactivated simultaneously to avoid unwanted states in a metabolic model. The concept of gMCS can be applied to two different scenarios. First, it can be used to identify potential gene toxicities in generic or healthy cell models. Second, it
can be used to develop genetic strategies to target cancer cells and prevent their proliferation.
Up to now, gMCS have been evaluated using the traditional procedure of preventing biomass production. This paper proposes an additional way: using essential metabolic tasks, which any human cell should perform, to enlarge the set of unwanted states. Including this addition can greatly improve the study of toxicities and reveal targets that can be used to treat unhealthy cells. Excluding metabolic tasks can cause important information to be overlooked, which could impact the study’s success.
Regarding toxicities, using the generic Human model, the number of detected generic toxicities with metabolic tasks increases from 106 to 281 (136 gMCSs of length 1 and 49 of length 2). For the evaluation of specific toxicities in different healthy tissues,we have used the following context-specific models: blood, pancreas, liver, heart, and kidney. Again, considering metabolic tasks, we have found new toxicities (both of lengths 1 and 2) whose inactivation could damage these healthy tissues.
Our research strategy has been applied to identify new cancer drug targets in two myeloma cell lines. We obtained new therapeutic targets of lengths 1 and 2 for each cell line.
After analyzing the data, we conclude that incorporating metabolic tasks into cancer models can reveal important therapeutic targets that were previously disregarded by the conventional method of inhibiting biomass production. This approach also improves the evaluation of potential drug toxicities.
Time trend and identification of risk areas for physical disability due to leprosy in Brazil: An ecological study, 2001-2022
Authors: Matos Thais Silva , Souza Carlos Dornels Freire , Fernandes Tania Rita Moreno Oliveira , Santos Márcio Bezerra , Brito Rodrigo José Videres Cordeiro , Matos Diogo Uester Silva , Carmo Rodrigo Feliciano , Silva Tarcísio Fulgêncio Alves 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that affects the peripheral nerves, leading to neurological damage and physical disability. This study analysed the temporal trend in the rate of new leprosy cases with grade 2 physical disability in Brazil and identified spatial clusters of risk for physical disability.
METHODS
This is an ecological study of all new cases of leprosy with grade 2 physical disability (G2D) at diagnosis between 2001 and 2022 in Brazil, macro-regions, states and municipalities. Data were extracted from the National System of Notifiable Diseases and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Sociodemographic and clinical variables such as age, sex, race/colour, education and clinical form of the disease were analysed, as well as the rate of new cases of leprosy with grade 2 physical disability at the time of diagnosis per million inhabitants. Data analysis was divided into three stages: 1- Descriptive analysis of the socio-demographic and clinical profile; 2- Time series analysis: In this stage, the joint-point regression model was used; 3- Spatial analysis, using global and local Moran statistics.
RESULTS
There were 50,466 new cases of leprosy with G2D during the period studied, 97.4% aged > 14 years, 70.2% male, 45.7% brown, 87.6% with low education, 90.2% multibacillary and 47.5% dimorphic clinical form. There was a downward trend in the detection of leprosy with physical disability grade 2, with an average annual reduction of 2.8% (13.6/1 million in 2001 and 9.1/1 million in 2022). The southeast, south and north regions showed a downward trend. A total of 14 states and 4 capitals showed a decrease in the rate, the most significant being Roraima (-11.0%/year). Tocantins was the only state with an upward trend (3.2%/year). 635 (14.1%) municipalities were in the high-high quadrant. These municipalities belong to 12 Brazilian states and accounted for 30% (n = 15,139) of all cases recorded in the country over the 22 years analysed.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest an overall decrease in the detection of leprosy with physical disability in Brazil and highlight geographical disparities in the occurrence of leprosy disability. Interventions to promote early diagnosis should be targeted at areas with the highest rate of new cases with grade 2 disability.
Assistive products for long-term care among older people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Japan: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kitamura Satomi , Tsuchiya-Ito Rumiko , Taguchi Reina , Ishikawa Tomoki , Ota Tomoyuki , Hamada Shota 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Assistive products support energy conservation in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that exhibits some disease-specific symptoms, such as dyspnea. This study aimed to determine the utilization of assistive products and evaluate its association with COPD.
Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study using anonymized medical and long-term care insurance claims data obtained from a Japanese city. The participants were ≥65 years old and first certified as requiring long-term care between April 2015 and March 2020. We selected seven types of assistive products that could support the daily activities of older adults with COPD: handrails/grab bars, ramps, canes, walkers, wheelchairs, electronic beds, and bathing aids. After stratifying care needs levels into care needs level 2 or lower, indicating partial care, and care needs level 3 or higher, indicating total care, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to evaluate the association between the presence or absence of COPD and the use of each assistive product during the six months following certification, adjusting for sociodemographic and physical characteristics.
Results:Among 18,597 participants, 769 (4.1%) had COPD. The assistive productsfrequently used by participants with COPD included handrails/grab bars (12.6%), electronic beds (7.3%), and bathing aids (5.4%) among those who required partial care, and electronic beds (37.8%), handrails/grab bars (25.2%), and wheelchairs (15.6%) among those who required total care. Among participants who required partial care (n=15,460), those with COPD were less likely to use handrails/grab bars (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58–0.95) and more likely to use bathing aids (AOR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.07–2.27)compared with those without COPD. Among participants requiring total care (n=3,137), those with COPD were more likely to use electronic beds (AOR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.01–2.15) than those without COPD.
Conclusions:Older adults with COPD were more likely to use assistive products for bathing and beds than those without, which may help in self-care activities, but the use of handrails/grab bars might be suboptimal in those with COPD. Healthcare providers and policymakers should draw more attention to assistive product use for managing respiratory symptoms in older people with COPD.
Evaluation of Effect of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Parents on Dental Caries of Children With Special Health Care Need(Cshcn): a Cross-sectional Multicentric Study
Authors: Phogat Ritu , BC Manjunath , Sabbarwal Bhavna , Yadav Vipul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aim: -This study aimed to evaluate the association of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of parents and its effect on dental caries of children with special health care need (CSHCN).
Materials & Method:
A cross sectional study was conducted on representative sample (n=116) parents of children aged 6 to 14 years who attended the special school in Rohtak, Haryana. The independent variable are age, socioeconomic statues, knowledge, attitude and practice of parents and dependent variable are dental caries experience in children. Dependent variables were measured by clinical examination by single dentist and independent variables were measured by questionnaire filled by parents. In the statistical analysis, associations between independent variables and KAP were employed using Chi-squared tests and univariant analysis.
Results: The overall mean scores of Knowledge were 6.19±1.85 (range 0 - 10). The attitude score for negative statements were 3.25±1.30(range 0-13) and for the positive statement were 3.97±1.28(range 0-13). Practices are variable for analysis because there can’t be a definite practice. Knowledge was significantly associated with education and socioeconomic status of parents. In the univariate logistic analysis model it is demonstrated that the odd’s ratio of dental caries is 2.235 with fair knowledge (score 5-6) as compared to poor knowledge (<_ 4) it is 4.065.
Conclusions: The overall KAP of parents toward oral health was relatively good. But it is concluded that by increasing knowledge of parents by health education and promotion we can decrease dental caries prevalence in children with special health care need (CSHCN).
Optimization of Soil Behavior Type Index for Evaluating Liquefaction Potential of Fine-Grained Soils in Adapazarı
Authors: Ozsagir Mustafa , Erden Caner , Bol Ertan , Özocak Aşkın , Sert Sedat 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study investigates soil liquefaction potential, specifically focusing on fine-grained soils. We analyze the soil behavior index (Ic) values, emphasizing their role in distinguishing between soils susceptible and resistant to liquefaction. Multiple Ic formulas from the existing literature undergo rigorous examination and refinement to improve accuracy in differentiating soil types. Data from Adapazarı, Türkiye, post-1999 earthquake, and cone penetration test (CPT) results from an acoustic CPTU machine inform the study. Various scenarios, considering 11 literatures from physical properties of the soil, evaluate the potential for liquefaction. The threshold Ic values that best distinguish liquefied and non-liquefied fine-grained soils from each other are determined. Performance assessment identifies the most suitable approach for accurate discrimination. To enhance the chosen scenario, an optimization process determines the optimal coefficients for different Ic formulas. With these optimized Ic formulas, liquefied and non-liquefied soils are analyzed again and the most appropriate threshold values are found. The results show improved accuracy in assessing the liquefaction potential. This study significantly advances liquefaction analysis techniques, introducing novel recommendations, refining criteria, optimizing Ic formulas, and offering insights into nonliquefiable soil classification based on CPT data. The findings aim to improve the safety and effectiveness of geotechnical engineering practices, particularly during seismic events.
NLRP1 variants affect B cells sensitivity to DPP9 inhibition
Authors: Roa Mariela Vera , Cambui Raylane Gonçalves , Cantoni Julia Silva , Yamada Suemy Melim , de Oliveira Leonardo Teixeira , Leal Vinícius Nunes Cordeiro , Pontillo Alessandra 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Inflammasome genetics affect several multifactorial diseases' development and severity, but the exact mechanism and cell types involved are mainly unknown. Recent findings have demonstrated the activation of caspase-1 and the release of IL-1β in B lymphocytes, leading us to hypothesize that genetic variants within the inflammasome may influence B cell functions and contribute to pathological immune responses. We previously reported the significance of NLRP3 and its variants in the dysregulation of B cells during chronic HIV infection. Here, we demonstrate that the inflammasome activation in human CD19+ cells is influenced by NLRP1 genetic variants yet associated with B cell-mediated diseases. The DPP-9 inhibitor ValBoro-Pro (VbP; Talabostat) was used to stimulate the two inflammasome sensors, NLRP1 and CARD8. First, we demonstrated that VbP induces caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis, but not IL-1β release, in CD19+ cells. Then, we evaluated the impact of common functional variants in NLRP1 and CARD8 genes on inflammasome activation in those cells. Therefore, our study identifies NLRP1 missense variants that impact B lymphocyte response to DPP9 inhibition. This implies a potential direct association between NLRP1 variants, B cell-mediated diseases, such as autoimmune and allergic conditions, and cancer.
Randomized phase II trial of weekly ixabepilone ± biweekly bevacizumab for platinum- resistant or refractory ovarian / fallopian tube / primary peritoneal cancer (NCT03093155): updated survival and subgroup analyses
Authors: Roque Dana M. , Siegel Eric R. , Buza Natalia , Bellone Stefania , Huang Gloria S. , Altwerger Gary , Andikyan Vaagn , Clark Mitchell , Azodi Masoud , Schwartz Peter E. , Rao Gautam G. , Ratner Elena , Santin Alessandro D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Ixabepilone may retain activity in paclitaxel-resistant disease. We previously reported improved response rates (ORR), progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) conferred by ixabepilone+bevacizumab (IXA+BEV) compared to monotherapy (IXA) in heavily pre-treated ovarian cancers. We now describe a mature data set. Subset analyses were performed in patients with different taxane sensitivities and dose modifications.
Methods Patients previously treated with paclitaxel were stratified by prior BEV and randomized to receive IXA 20 mg/m2 days 1,8,15±BEV 10 mg/kg days 1,15 of a 28-day cycle in a multi-site prospective randomized phase 2 trial.
Results: Thirty-seven patients were randomized to IXA and 39 patients to IXA+BEV. At the final data cutoff (05/27/2023), ORR was higher in the IXA+BEV arm (38.4% vs 8.1%,p=0.003). Dose reductions were necessary in most participants but did not diminish PFS/OS benefit. Most patients were paclitaxel-refractory/-resistant (51%,n=19/37;67%,n=26/39); the remainder were taxane-responsive. The addition of BEV to IXA conferred benefit in PFS (5.5 vs 2.2 mo; HR 0.31, 90%CI 0.20-0.49, p<0.001) and OS (10.3 vs 6.0mo; HR 0.56, 90%CI 0.38-0.84, p=0.02) that persisted after adjusting for prior taxane response.
Conclusions: IXA+BEV has activity in heavily pre-treated ovarian cancers and offers significant improvement in ORR and PFS/OS compared to IXA, despite prior taxane response and dose reductions.
Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03093155
Chlorogenic acid alleviates IPEC-J2 pyroptosis induced by deoxynivalenol through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB/NLRP3/Capase-1 pathway
Authors: Xue Yanmei , Li Fuchang , Li Rui , Zhang Xinru , Guo Huijun , Wang Chunyang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a severely polluted mycotoxins in feed ingredients, and methods for reducing its toxicity have become a significant direction of research. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) in some plants is an active polyphenol with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and a protective effect on animal intestinal health. The effects of CGA on DON-induced pyroptosis of the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line-J2 (IPEC-J2) and its potential mechanism were explored in this study.
Results
The results indicated that exposure to DON at 2500 ng/mL significantly increased the mortality of IPEC-J2 cells, accompanied by typical pyroptosis features, including breakage of cellular DNA, damage to cell membrane integrity, and an increase in the extracellular concentration of positive ions (Ca2+ and K+) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18). Nevertheless, DON-induced pyroptosis was alleviated by CGA. Additionally, the exposure of DON promoted the mRNA expression of initiating signaling factors relevant to pyroptosis (including TNF, MDP, NOD2, TLR4, and NF-κB), enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of activation signaling factors (including NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and GSDMD), and increased the level of ROS. Among them, the NF-κB/ROS/NLRP3/Capase-1 pathway was identified as the key factor in the dual-signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that CGA pretreatment simultaneously inhibits the activation of both the initiating and activation signals related to pyroptosis.
Conclusion
In short, CGA can alleviate DON-induced pyroptosis of IPEC-J2 cells through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB/ROS/NLRP3/Capase-1 pathway.
Topological Structure Optimization of B,N-Doped Nanographenes for Deep-Blue Emitters
Authors: Yang Chuluo , Cao Xiaosong , Huang Xingyu , Miao Jingsheng , Sun Hongli , Su Chenliang , Sun Like , Liao Yanglong , Chen Zhi , Zhong Cheng , Lin Hong , Lv Xialei , Li Nengquan , Huang Zhongyan , Chen Zhan-Xiang , Hua Tao , Yin Xiaojun , Zou Yang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

B,N-doped nanographenes have been actively studied as blue dopants for OLEDs because of the triplet-exciton harvesting capability and narrowband emission, but their inefficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) is a bottleneck for practical applications. The construction of π-extended frameworks is recognized as a general strategy to simultaneously accelerate the RISC process and enhance color purity. However, the influence of topological structure on photophysical properties remains poorly understood. We hereby design three deep-blue, quadruple-borylated nanographenes with isomeric skeletons, and shows a critical dependence of molecular conformation and electronic structure on topology. These compounds, consisting of fused dimers with variable linking sites, range from negatively curved to quasi-planar conformations. Our combined theoretical and experimental analyses indicate that enhanced planarity can facilitate the resonance effect, promote charge transfer delocalization, and increase structural rigidity. Compared to the curved counterparts, the planarized emitter demonstrates multi-dimensional improvement in photophysical properties, achieving an ultranarrow emission spectrum with a full-width at half maximum of 13 nm/0.07 eV and a large RISC rate constant of 2.7×106 s−1. A high external quantum efficiency of 30.4% under a luminance of 1000 cd m–2 at color coordinates of (0.127, 0.078) is achieved in device without employing additional sensitizer. These findings establish new and unforeseen design guidelines for constructing high-performance narrowband emitters toward ultrahigh-definition displays.