bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and neonatal outcomes among spontaneous vaginal births occurring in or out of water following intrapartum water immersion: The POOL cohort study
Authors: Sanders Julia , Barlow Christy , Brocklehurst Peter , Cannings‐John Rebecca , Channon Susan , Cutter Judith , Hunter Billie , Jokinen Mervi , Lugg‐Widger Fiona , Milosevic Sarah , Gale Chris , Milton Rebecca , Morantz Leah , Paranjothy Shantini , Plachcinski Rachel , Robling Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveWarm water immersion during labour provides women with analgesia and comfort. This cohort study aimed to establish among women using intrapartum water immersion analgesia, without antenatal or intrapartum risk factors, whether waterbirth is as safe for them and their babies as leaving the water before birth.DesignCohort study with non‐inferiority design.SettingTwenty‐six UK NHS maternity services.SampleA total of 73 229 women without antenatal or intrapartum risk factors, using intrapartum water immersion, between 1 January 2015 and 30 June 2022. The analysis excluded 12 827 (17.5%) women who received obstetric or anaesthetic interventions before birth.MethodsNon‐inferiority analysis of retrospective and prospective data captured in NHS maternity and neonatal information systems.Main outcome measuresMaternal primary outcome: obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) by parity; neonatal composite primary outcome: fetal or neonatal death, neonatal unit admission with respiratory support or administration of antibiotics within 48 hours of birth.ResultsRates of the primary outcomes were no higher among waterbirths compared with births out of water: rates of OASI among nulliparous women (waterbirth: 730/15 176 [4.8%] versus births out of water: 641/12 210 [5.3%]; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.97, one‐sided 95% CI, −∞ to 1.08); rates of OASI among parous women (waterbirth: 269/24 451 [1.1%] versus births out of water 144/8565 [1.7%]; aOR 0.64, one‐sided 95% CI −∞ to 0.78) and rates of the composite adverse outcome among babies (waterbirth 263/9868 [2.7%] versus births out of water 224/5078 [4.4%]; aOR 0.65, one‐sided 95% CI −∞ to 0.79).ConclusionAmong women using water immersion during labour, remaining in the pool and giving birth in water was not associated with an increase in the incidence of adverse primary maternal or neonatal outcomes.
Equity in water resource management: A theoretical dynamism
Authors: Higgs C. J. , Hill T. R. , Meissner R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs elusive as the concept of equity may be, it has nevertheless been placed at the heart of global water policy. Yet inequities in access to water and participation in water resources management persist all over the world. The global water crisis is one of inequitable access rather than availability. This critical review explores equity and equality in water resources management through multiple lenses, considering its numerous philosophical underpinnings, and offers a definition of ‘water equity’. We suggest that human rights, procedural and distributive equity (social justice), and cultural, socioeconomic, and political elements (context) are the pillars of water equity. The inter‐relatedness between them and causal effects of each of the pillars are exposed, as are cross cutting features. This contribution to the theoretical interpretation of ‘water equity’ suggests that it is a complex dynamism, a complexity of interrelated features that are constantly in flux. Acknowledging the inherent characteristics of water equity will greatly facilitate its actualisation.
Investigation into the efficiency of diverse N‐linking oligosaccharyltransferases for glycoengineering using a standardised cell‐free assay
Authors: Lehri Burhan , Atkins Elizabeth , Scott Timothy A. , Abouelhadid Sherif , Wren Brendan W. , Cuccui Jon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe application of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) such as the Campylobacter jejuni PglB for glycoengineering has attracted considerable interest in glycoengineering and glycoconjugate vaccine development. However, PglB has limited specificity for glycans that can be transferred to candidate proteins, which along with other factors is dependent on the reducing end sugar of glycans. In this study, we developed a cell‐free glycosylation assay that offers the speed and simplicity of a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ determination. Using the assay, we tested the activity of eleven PglBs from Campylobacter species and more distantly related bacteria. The following assorted glycans with diverse reducing end sugars were tested for transfer, including Streptococcus pneumoniae capsule serotype 4, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium O antigen (B1), Francisella tularensis O antigen, Escherichia coli O9 antigen and Campylobacter jejuni heptasaccharide. Interestingly, while PglBs from the same genus showed high activity, whereas divergent PglBs differed in their transfer of glycans to an acceptor protein. Notably for glycoengineering purposes, Campylobacter hepaticus and Campylobacter subantarcticus PglBs showed high glycosylation efficiency, with C. hepaticus PglB potentially being useful for glycoconjugate vaccine production. This study demonstrates the versatility of the cell‐free assay in rapidly assessing an OST to couple glycan/carrier protein combinations and lays the foundation for future screening of PglBs by linking amino acid similarity to glycosyltransferase activity.
ESAIC focused guideline for the use of cardiac biomarkers in perioperative risk evaluation: Endorsement by the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine
Authors: Rehn Marius , Chew Michelle S. , Kalliomaki Maija , Olkkola Klaus T. , Sigurðsson Martin Ingi , Møller Morten Hylander 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Clinical Practice Committee of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine endorses the clinical practice guideline “ESAIC focused guideline for the use of cardiac biomarkers in perioperative risk evaluation.” The guideline can provide guidance to Nordic anaesthesiologists on the perioperative use of cardiac biomarkers in patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery.
Systematic reduction in seed rain of large‐seeded and endozoochorous species in pastures compared to forests along a tropical elevational gradient
Authors: Acosta‐Rojas Diana Carolina , Barczyk Maciej K. , Espinosa Carlos Iván , Tinoco Boris A. , Neuschulz Eike Lena , Schleuning Matthias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractQuestionsHow do seed rain biomass and richness change from old‐growth tropical forests to pastures at different elevations? How do seed mass and seed dispersal mode change from forests to pastures across these elevations? What implications do these changes have for the recovery of deforested areas in tropical mountains?LocationOld‐growth montane forests and livestock pastures along an elevational gradient (1,000–3,000 m a.s.l.), located at Podocarpus National Park, San Francisco Reserve and surrounding agricultural lands, Andes of southern Ecuador.MethodsWe collected seed rain for a 3‐month period using 324 traps installed at eighteen 1‐ha plots across elevations. Half of the traps were installed in nine 1‐ha forest plots, and the other half in nine 1‐ha pasture plots. For each trap, we identified the seeds and measured seed rain biomass and richness. We also recorded seed traits and calculated community‐weighted means of seed mass and seed dispersal mode (proportion of endozoochory).ResultsForests received a higher seed rain biomass than pastures, but only at the lowest elevation. Seed rain richness did not differ between habitat types at all elevations. Community‐weighted means of seed mass and the proportion of endozoochorous species declined from forests to pastures, especially at the lower elevations.ConclusionsAlthough seed rain biomass and richness were overall similar between forests and pastures, large‐seeded and endozoochorous species were generally poorly represented in the seed rain of pastures compared with that of forests. These findings show that biomass and richness of seed rain may be insufficient to quantify the restoration potential of natural seed rain in deforested areas. Information on seed traits, such as seed mass and seed dispersal mode, is important to optimize restoration efforts towards the regeneration of diverse old‐growth forests along elevational gradients in tropical mountains.
Boron neutron capture therapy delays the decline in neurological function in a mouse model of metastatic spinal tumors
Authors: Fujikawa Yoshiki , Kawabata Shinji , Tsujino Kohei , Yamada Hironori , Kashiwagi Hideki , Yagi Ryokichi , Hiramatsu Ryo , Nonoguchi Naosuke , Takami Toshihiro , Sasaki Akinori , Hu Naonori , Takata Takushi , Tanaka Hiroki , Suzuki Minoru , Wanibuchi Masahiko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMetastatic spinal tumors are increasingly prevalent due to advancements in cancer treatment, leading to prolonged survival rates. This rising prevalence highlights the need for developing more effective therapeutic approaches to address this malignancy. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) offers a promising solution by delivering targeted doses to tumors while minimizing damage to normal tissue. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of BNCT as a potential therapeutic option for spine metastases in mouse models induced by A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. The animal models were randomly allocated into three groups: untreated (n = 10), neutron irradiation only (n = 9), and BNCT (n = 10). Each mouse was administered 4‐borono‐L‐phenylalanine (250 mg/kg) intravenously, followed by measurement of boron concentrations 2.5 h later. Overall survival, neurological function of the hindlimb, and any adverse events were assessed post irradiation. The tumor‐to‐normal spinal cord and blood boron concentration ratios were 3.6 and 2.9, respectively, with no significant difference observed between the normal and compressed spinal cord tissues. The BNCT group exhibited significantly prolonged survival rates compared with the other groups (vs. untreated, p = 0.0015; vs. neutron‐only, p = 0.0104, log‐rank test). Furthermore, the BNCT group demonstrated preserved neurological function relative to the other groups (vs. untreated, p = 0.0004; vs. neutron‐only, p = 0.0051, multivariate analysis of variance). No adverse events were observed post irradiation. These findings indicate that BNCT holds promise as a novel treatment modality for metastatic spinal tumors.
Synthesis and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity of amino acid modified cephalotaxine derivatives
Authors: Si Min , An Meidi , Xia Zhaomin , Mo Xiaoxue , Lu Jiayu , He Huaizhen , Wang Cheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic has triggered a significant impact on global public health security, it is urgent to develop effective antiviral drugs. Previous studies have found that binding to ACE2 is a key step in the invasion of SARS‐CoV‐2 into host cells, so virus invasion can be inhibited by blocking ACE2, but there are few reports on this kind of specific inhibitor. Our previous study found that Harringtonine (HT) can inhibit the entry of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike pseudovirus into ACE2h cells, but its relatively high cytotoxicity limits its further development. Amino acid modification of the active components can increase their solubility and reduce their cytotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, seven new derivatives were synthesized by amino acid modification of its core structure Cephalotaxine. The target compounds were evaluated by cell viability assay and the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike pseudovirus entry assay. Compound CET‐1 significantly inhibited the entry of pseudovirus into ACE2h cells and showed less cytotoxicity than HT. Molecular docking results showed that CET‐1 could bind TYR83, an important residue of ACE2, just like HT. In conclusion, our study provided a novel compound with more potential activity and lower toxicity than HT on inhibiting the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike pseudovirus infection, which makes it possible to be a lead compound as an antiviral drug in the future.
Clinical versus fixed warfarin dosing and the impact on quality of anticoagulation (The ClinFix trial)
Authors: Fahmi Amr M. , El Bardissy Ahmed , Saad Mohamed Omar , Elshafei Mohamed Nabil , Bader Loulia , Mahfouz Ahmed , Kasem Mohamed , Abdelsamad Osama , Elzouki Abdelnasser , Aquilante Christina L. , Mraiche Fatima , Soaly Ezeldin , El Madhoun Ihab , Asaad Nidal , Arabi Abdulrahman , Alhmoud Eman , Elewa Hazem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDifferent dosing strategies exist to initiate warfarin, most commonly fixed warfarin dosing (FWD), clinical warfarin dosing (CWD), and genetic‐guided warfarin dosing (GWD). Landmark trials have shown GWD to be superior when compared to FWD in the EU‐PACT trial or CWD in the GIFT trial. COAG trial did not show differences between GWD and CWD. We aim to compare the anticoagulation quality outcomes of CWD and FWD. This is a prospective cohort study with a retrospective comparator. Recruited subjects in the CWD (prospective) arm were initiated on warfarin according to the clinical dosing component of the algorithm published in www.warfarindosing.org. The primary efficacy outcome was the percentage time in the therapeutic range (PTTR) from day 3 to 6 till day 28 to 35. The study enrolled 122 and 123 patients in the CWD and FWD, respectively. The PTTR did not differ statistically between CWD and FWD (62.2 ± 26.2% vs. 58 ± 25.4%, p = 0.2). There was also no difference between both arms in the percentage of visits with extreme subtherapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) (<1.5; 15 ± 18.3% vs. 16.8 ± 19.1%, p = 0.44) or extreme supratherapeutic INR (>4; 7.7 ± 14.7% vs. 7.5 ± 12.4%, p = 0.92). We conclude that CWD did not improve the anticoagulation quality parameters compared to the FWD method.
Post‐tropical cyclone Fiona and Atlantic Canada: Media framing of hazard risk in the Anthropocene
Authors: Straub Adam M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPost‐tropical cyclone Fiona made landfall in Nova Scotia, Canada, in September 2022 with the force of a Category 2 hurricane. Using ‘risk society’ as an analytical framework, and Thomas A. Birkland's ‘focusing event’ concept, this paper seeks to understand how publics construct risk in the context of climate change and how institutions engage with those narratives. A qualitative content analysis of 439 newspaper articles from across Canada reveals that most media provide a superficial description of hazard impacts. When media are critical, they connect Fiona to climate change, other extreme events, social vulnerability, and systemic inequality. In response to Fiona and industry trends, insurance representatives indicate a withdraw from covering low‐probability, high‐consequence events owing to ambiguity in risk analysis and financial interests, complicating hazard relief. Political actors' rhetoric is strong—delivering relief in unprecedented ways and offering new adaptive policy. However, a history of unfulfilled political promises to act on climate change elicits scepticism from media sources.
Gender perspective on intercultural competence: Communication and student self‐perceptions in higher education
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Santiuste Elba , Ritacco‐Real Maximiliano 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study is focused on the analysis of online intercultural competence from a gender perspective. It uses online communications and student self‐perceptions to explore similarities and differences. Videoconferencing was used as a tool for communication in higher education. A quantitative and qualitative methodologies were applied, including quantifying content analysis. The sample consisted of pairs of university students. The results show very similar scores between men and women in communication and self‐perception in affective aspects. Statistical differences were found in the behavioural communication and in cognitive self‐perception. Communications of negative nature are scarce in both groups. This study helps to understand the similarities and differences in students' communication and self‐perception in an intercultural online context.
Torturous withdrawal: Emotional compulsion in addiction
Authors: Krieger Arthur 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWithdrawal involves emotional pain that motivates much addictive behavior. In this paper, I argue that the emotional pain of withdrawal compels much addictive behavior. Researchers have noticed this possibility but it is widely underappreciated. Among philosophers, only Hanna Pickard has discussed emotional compulsion in addiction, and the emotional aspect of withdrawal has been almost completely neglected. Accounts of emotional compulsion in the philosophical literature (from Tappolet, Elster, and Furrow) probably do not capture how the distress of withdrawal compels, so I propose a more suitable account of “pathodoxastic” compulsion in addiction. On this account, the emotional pain of withdrawal compels when it undermines the ability to believe that one can continue to endure it, and therefore the ability to intend abstinence.
Love's realism: Iris Murdoch and the importance of being human
Authors: Jamieson Lesley 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDefenders of two Rationality Views of love—the Qualities View and the Personhood View—have drawn on Iris Murdoch's philosophical writings to highlight a connection between love and a “realistic” perspective on the beloved. Murdoch does not inform the basic structure of these views—she is rather introduced as a supplement who shows that in love, we pay accurate, nuanced, unguarded, and unflinching attention to the other. In this paper, I contend that these authors have failed to see that Murdoch offers a distinct view of love and is inappropriate to enlist as an ally. This is in large part because they have missed the full sense of what Murdoch means by connecting love and realism. I contend that for Murdoch, to love someone means seeing them in light of a realistic vision of what it means to be human; this includes an appreciation of the limits of freedom, the formative influence of personal history, and the nature and extent of our differences from one another. This helps us to see why Murdoch variously describes loving attention as realistic, compassionate, tolerant, and extremely difficult. It also sheds light on some important and familiar ways that we criticize one another's grounds for love.
Serum neurofilament light chain in distinct phenotypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A longitudinal, multicenter study
Authors: Meyer Thomas , Dreger Marie , Grehl Torsten , Weyen Ute , Kettemann Dagmar , Weydt Patrick , Günther René , Lingor Paul , Petri Susanne , Koch Jan Christoph , Großkreutz Julian , Rödiger Annekathrin , Baum Petra , Hermann Andreas , Prudlo Johannes , Boentert Matthias , Weishaupt Jochen H. , Löscher Wolfgang N. , Dorst Johannes , Koc Yasemin , Bernsen Sarah , Cordts Isabell , Vidovic Maximilian , Steinbach Robert , Metelmann Moritz , Kleinveld Vera E. , Norden Jenny , Ludolph Albert , Walter Bertram , Schumann Peggy , Münch Christoph , Körtvélyessy Péter , Maier André 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the performance of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) in clinical phenotypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsIn 2949 ALS patients at 16 ALS centers in Germany and Austria, clinical characteristics and sNfL were assessed. Phenotypes were differentiated for two anatomical determinants: (1) upper and/or lower motor involvement (typical, typMN; upper/lower motor neuron predominant, UMNp/LMNp; primary lateral sclerosis, PLS) and (2) region of onset and propagation of motor neuron dysfunction (bulbar, limb, flail‐arm, flail‐leg, thoracic onset). Phenotypes were correlated to sNfL, progression, and survival.ResultsMean sNfL was ‐ compared to typMN (75.7 pg/mL, n = 1791) ‐ significantly lower in LMNp (45.1 pg/mL, n = 413), UMNp (58.7 pg/mL n = 206), and PLS (37.6 pg/mL, n = 84). Also, sNfL significantly differed in the bulbar (92.7 pg/mL, n = 669), limb (64.1 pg/mL, n = 1305), flail‐arm (46.4 pg/mL, n = 283), flail‐leg (53.6 pg/mL, n = 141), and thoracic (74.5 pg/mL, n = 96) phenotypes. Binary logistic regression analysis showed highest contribution to sNfL elevation for faster progression (odds ratio [OR] 3.24) and for the bulbar onset phenotype (OR 1.94). In contrast, PLS (OR 0.20), LMNp (OR 0.45), and thoracic onset (OR 0.43) showed reduced contributions to sNfL. Longitudinal sNfL (median 12 months, n = 2862) showed minor monthly changes (<0.2%) across all phenotypes. Correlation of sNfL with survival was confirmed (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study underscored the correlation of ALS phenotypes – differentiated for motor neuron involvement and region of onset/propagation – with sNfL, progression, and survival. These phenotypes demonstrated a significant effect on sNfL and should be recognized as independent confounders of sNfL analyses in ALS trials and clinical practice.
Datafication and urban (in)justice: Towards a digital spatial justice
Authors: Tedeschi Miriam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn light of the challenges surrounding the conceptualization and definition of spatial justice within our increasingly data‐driven society, this article commences an inquiry into the convergence of space, justice, and data within human geography literature and related disciplines, focusing notably on the urban field. The paper outlines theories concerning social justice‐based rights to the city, especially emphasizing the significance of existing literature that bridges such theories with recent scholarship on data justice. It supplements these discussions by deriving a theoretical framework for digital spatial justice rooted in other space‐based theories, exploring the more‐than‐human realms of non‐human entities, affect, and information.
Are there differences between patients with unifocal nummular headache and those who progress to bifocal nummular headache? A retrospective observational study
Authors: Cabral Gonçalo , Serôdio Miguel , Krupka Danna , Ferreira Vitor Mendes , Calado Sofia , Baptista Miguel V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis retrospective observational cohort study aimed to compare clinical characteristics and treatment responses in patients exclusively experiencing unifocal nummular headache (NH) with those who develop the bifocal variant.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with NH who attended a neurology (headache) outpatient clinic between January 2018 and December 2022. The cohort was divided into two groups: Group 1, exclusive unifocal NH; and Group 2, those developing a secondary focal area of pain, i.e., bifocal NH. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, clinical features, other headache comorbidities, and treatment‐related information.ResultsA total of 23 patients were included in this study: 12 were categorized as unifocal NH (Group 1) and 11 as bifocal NH (Group 2). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics, clinical features, or treatment response. Nonetheless, patients with bifocal NH exhibited spontaneous remission rates in the first pain area when compared to the unifocal NH group, with statistically significant differences (36% vs. 0%, p = 0.020).ConclusionIn our sample, patients with bifocal NH demonstrated spontaneous remission rates in the initial pain area, a phenomenon not observed in patients with unifocal NH. It is worth noting the limited sample size in the present study, highlighting the need for larger cohorts to validate and further explore our findings.