bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of different surface treatments on the bond strength of a gingiva‐colored indirect composite veneering material to three implant framework materials
Authors: Koizuka Mai , Komine Futoshi , Blatz Markus B. , Fushiki Ryosuke , Taguchi Kohei , Matsumura Hideo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the shear‐bond strength of a gingiva‐colored indirect composite material to three different implant framework materials (zirconia ceramics, gold alloy, and titanium), and to investigate the effect of surface pretreatment by air‐particle abrasion and four priming agents.Material and methodsA gingiva‐colored indirect composite (Ceramage) was bonded to three framework materials (n = 80): commercially pure titanium (CP‐
Ti
), ADA (American Dental Association)‐type 4 casting gold alloy (Type IV), and zirconia ceramics (Zirconia) with or without airborne‐particle abrasion. Before bonding, the surface of the specimens was treated using no (control) or one of four priming agents: Alloy Primer (ALP), Estenia Opaque Primer (EOP), Metal Link Primer (MLP), and V‐Primer (VPR). Shear‐bond strength was determined after 24‐h wet storage. Data were analyzed using Steel–Dwass for multiple comparisons, and Mann–Whitney U‐test (P = 0.05).ResultsFor both CP‐
Ti
and Zirconia substrates, three groups, ALP, EOP, and MLP, showed significantly higher bond strengths (P < 0.05) than the other groups with or without airborne‐particle abrasion. For Type IV substrates, significantly higher bond strengths were obtained in ALP and MLP groups (P < 0.01) compared with the other groups with airborne‐particle abrasion.ConclusionsApplication of priming agents containing specific phosphoric ester groups significantly enhances the bond strength of a gingiva‐colored composite material to commercially pure titanium and zirconia frameworks. Combined use of a thione monomer with a phosphoric monomer enhances the bond strengths to airborne‐particle abraded type IV gold alloy.
Influence of the timing of ultrasound application on the penetration of corticosteroids
Authors: Clijsen R. , Baeyens J. P. , Barel A. O. , Clarys P. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundThe application of ultrasound to enhance the transdermal transport of drugs is often referred to as ‘sonophoresis’. In physiotherapy sonophoresis is applied to the skin through two different procedures: (1) the pre‐treatment procedure where the skin is treated with ultrasound irradiation prior to the drug application and (2) a simultaneous treatment mode, where the skin is treated with ultrasound during the application of the pharmacologic substance. The aim of this study was to compare the bioavailability of halcinonide in the stratum corneum comparing the ultrasound pre‐treatment vs. the simultaneous treatment method.MethodsThe effect of pre and simultaneous ultrasound treatment (1 MHz, 1 W/cm2) was evaluated on the halcinonide blanching response using tristimulus colorimetry 2 h after the initial application.ResultsWithin the evaluation period, only the ultrasound pre‐treatment method resulted in a significant blanching response.ConclusionTiming of the ultrasound application seems to influence the availability and percutaneous penetration process and should be taken into account when estimating the ultrasound enhancing effect.
Genome‐wide approaches (GWA) in oral and craniofacial diseases research
Authors: Kim H , Gordon S , Dionne R 
Published: June 2012

Oral Diseases(2012)Underlying molecular genetic mechanisms of diseases can be deciphered with unbiased strategies using recently developed technologies enabling genome‐wide scale investigations. These technologies have been applied in scanning for genetic variations, gene expression profiles, and epigenetic changes for oral and craniofacial diseases. However, these approaches as applied to oral and craniofacial conditions are in the initial stages, and challenges remain to be overcome, including analysis of high throughput data and their interpretation. Here, we review methodology and studies using genome‐wide approaches in oral and craniofacial diseases and suggest future directions.
Cellulite – an overview of non‐invasive therapy with energy‐based systems
Authors: Gold Michael H. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryCellulite is one of the most common skin care concerns seen in modern dermatology. The presence of cellulite in the 21st century is now considered a major “problem” whose treatment options are varied and numerous, all with hopes of improving the appearance of cellulite and maintaining its response over a period of time. The purpose of this article is to review cellulite, its predisposing factors, its classification, and some of the more common devices now in use to treat the disorder.
Microcomputed Tomographic Analysis of the Alveolar Ridge Alteration around Extraction Sites with and without Immediate Implants Placement: In Vivo Study
Authors: Al‐Hezaimi Khalid , Al‐Shabeeb Munirah Saleh , Al‐Askar Mansour , Javed Fawad , Nooh Nasser , Al‐Rasheed Abdulaziz , Babay Nadir , Al‐Hamdan Khalid Saleh , Wang Hom Lay 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: The aim was to assess the alveolar ridge alteration around extraction sites with and without immediate implants according to extraction socket classification (ESC) using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT).Material and Methods: Ten beagle dogs (mean age and weight: 24 ± 0.83 months and 13.8 ± 0.49 kg, respectively) were randomly divided into three groups according to the ESC. In Group 1 (ESC‐I), bilateral first and third premolars were extracted and replaced with immediate implants. In Group 2 (ESC‐II), two adjacent premolars were extracted with one immediate implant placement in the mesial socket in the maxilla and in the distal socket in the mandible. In Group 3 (ESC‐III), three adjacent teeth were extracted and an immediate implant was placed in the central socket. Primary closure was achieved using resorbable sutures. Buccal sites with dehiscence defects were excluded. After 4 months, subjects were sacrificed and alveolar ridge widths were measured at 1 mm interval in axial and sagittal views, using micro‐CT in sites with and without immediate implants.Results: In sites without immediate implant placement, alveolar ridge width was significantly higher in Group 1(6.1 ± 1.35 mm) than Group 3 (4.14 ± 1.53 mm) (p < .05). In sites with immediate implant placement, the alveolar ridge width was higher among sites in Group 1 (6.4 ± 3.8 mm) than Group 2 (4.8 ± 0.46 mm) (p < .05) and Group 3 (5.02 ± 0.84 mm) (p < .05). Overall, between each corresponding group in both sites with and without immediate implant placement at 1 mm thickness, there was no significant difference in the alveolar ridge widths.Conclusion: With the exception of Group 1 (ESC‐I), immediate implant placement did not prevent or minimize bone remodeling in extraction sites according to ESC.
A Retrospective Comparison of Oxidized and Turned Implants with Respect to Implant Survival, Marginal Bone Level and Peri‐Implant Soft Tissue Conditions after at Least 5 Years in Function
Authors: Jungner Måns , Lundqvist Peter , Lundgren Stefan 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: Long‐term clinical follow‐up studies comparing different implant surfaces with regard to survival and marginal conditions are rare.Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the clinical performance of turned and oxidized implants after more than 5 years of loadingMaterial and Methods: One hundred three patients (43 men, 60 women; mean age 67.4 years, range 32–90) previously treated with 287 implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden), 133 with turned surface (MKIII, Nobel Biocare AB) and 154 with an oxidized surface (MKIII, TiUnite, Nobel Biocare AB) were examined after at least 5 years of loading (mean 82 months, range 60–93 months). The implants had been used for support of single crowns (33 patients/36 implants), partial bridges (39 patients/103 implants), or full bridges (31 patients/148 implants) following an early loading protocol (14 patients /54 implants), a one‐stage protocol (32 patients/59 implants) or a two‐stage protocol (57 patients/174 implants). Clinical examinations of bleeding on probing (BoP) and pocket depth (PD) were performed. Intraoral radiographs were used for assessments of marginal bone levels (MBLs).Results: Seven turned implants and one oxidized implant failed, giving overall cumulative survival rates of 94.7 and 99.4%, respectively. There were no differences for BoP scores (0.5 ± 0.7 vs 0.4 ± 0.6) and PD measurements (1.7 ± 0.8 mm vs 1.8 ± 1.0 mm) parameters when comparing turned and oxidized implants, respectively. The mean MBL was 1.8 ± 0.8 mm and 2.0 ± 0.9 mm for turned and oxidized implants, respectively, after more than 5 years in function (NS). Frequency distribution of MBL loss showed no statistically significant differences between the two surfaces. A total of four implants (1.4%) (three oxidized and one turned) showed a PD > 3 mm, MBL > 4 mm, and BoP. However, none of these were associated with suppuration on examination.Conclusion: The present study does not state any differences in implant failure, MBL, presence of bleeding or PD around implants when comparing turned and oxidized titanium implants after at least 5 years of function.
Deposition Via Dip Coating Technique of Dense Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia Layers
Authors: Gurauskis Jonas 
Published: June 2012

A deposition of yttrium stabilized zirconia layer for its use as an electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cell was performed using dip coating technique. Two commercially available surfactant systems were evaluated; nonionic surfactant which stabilizes only by steric repulsion and anionic surfactant which provides both steric and electrostatic repulsion. Dip coating process was optimized to two step deposition process. Uniform 10–15 μm thick yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte layer is obtained after the final sintering step at 1400°C. Impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that selected phosphate ester based surfactant has negligible effect on the performance of the YSZ material as electrolyte.
Effect on Extrapulmonary Sepsis‐Induced Acute Lung Injury by Hemoperfusion With Neutral Microporous Resin Column
Authors: Huang Zhao , Wang Si‐rong , Yang Zi‐li , Liu Ji‐yun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neutral microporous resin hemoperfusion on oxygenation improvement, removal of inflammatory cytokines in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage, and mortality in acute lung injury induced by extrapulmonary sepsis. Forty‐six patients with acute lung injury induced by extrapulmonary sepsis were randomized to HA type hemoperfusion treatment (N = 25) or standard therapy (N = 21). Those undergoing hemoperfusion treatment received HA330 hemoperfusion. We measured the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage concentrations of TNF‐α and IL‐1, and the following parameters were compared between the control group and the hemoperfusion group on days 0, 3 and 7: lung injury measurements (arterial oxygen tension/fractional inspired oxygen ratio, lung injury score, chest X‐ray score); interstitial edema of lung (extravascular lung water). Duration of mechanical ventilation, hospital, 28‐day, and intensive care unit mortality were also observed. Patients treated with HA hemoperfusion showed a significant removal of plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage TNF‐α and IL‐1 over time while in the study. Patients in the HA group also demonstrated not only significant improvement of PaO2/FiO2, but also decreased Lung Injury Score and chest X‐ray score at days 3 and 7. Furthermore, the measurements of the arterial oxygen tension/fractional inspired oxygen ratio, lung injury score and extravascular lung water (EVLWI) significantly correlated with and the concentration of cytokines in the plasma (all P < 0.05). The HA hemoperfusion treatment group had a significant reduction in duration of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit stay, and intensive care unit mortality. Significant removal of inflammatory cytokines from circulation and lung by hemoperfusion treatment using the HA type cartridge may contribute to the improvement of lung injury and intensive care unit outcome in extrapulmonary septic patients.
Evaluation of Structurally Diverse Benzoazepines Clubbed with Coumarins as Mycobacterium tuberculosis Agents
Authors: Upadhyay Kuldip , Manvar Atul , Rawal Kena , Joshi Sudhir , Trivedi Jalpa , Chaniyara Ravi , Shah Anamik 
Published: June 2012

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide into 21st century. In continuation with our anti‐tuberculosis research programme, in this work, we have prepared molecularly diverse coumarins clubbed with benzothiazepines as well as its aza‐analogues‐benzodiazepines by molecular hybridization. The resulting compounds were screened for their M. tuberculosis activity against H37Rv strains using microplate alamar blue assay. Among the designed diversity, the compounds 5k, 5n and 5o were found significantly active in primary anti‐tuberculosis assay at minimum inhibitory concentration <6.25 μm. Moreover, the IC50 values of 5k and 5o in level‐2 screening were observed as >10 μg/mL and 3.63 μg/mL, respectively. Design and synthesis of more focused library and its three‐dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship analysis are underway.
Improving Executive Function and Its Neurobiological Mechanisms Through a Mindfulness‐Based Intervention: Advances Within the Field of Developmental Neuroscience
Authors: Tang Yi‐Yuan , Yang Lizhu , Leve Leslie D. , Harold Gordon T. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPoor executive function (EF) has been associated with a host of short‐ and long‐term problems across the lifespan, including elevated rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, drug abuse, and antisocial behavior. Mindfulness‐based interventions that focus on increasing awareness of one's thoughts, emotions, and actions have been shown to improve specific aspects of EF, including attention, cognitive control, and emotion regulation. Reflecting a developmental neuroscience perspective, this article reviews research relevant to one specific mindfulness‐based intervention, integrative body‐mind training (IBMT). Randomized controlled trials of IBMT indicate improvements in specific EF components, and uniquely highlight the role of neural circuitry specific to the anterior cingulate cortex and the autonomic nervous system as two brain‐based mechanisms that underlie IBMT‐related improvements. The relevance of improving specific dimensions of EF through short‐term IBMT to prevent a cascade of risk behaviors for children and adolescents is described and future research directions are proposed.
A Review of Private Regulation: Codes and Monitoring in the Apparel Industry
Authors: Esbenshade Jill 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis article reviews the last decade of scholarship on a leading corporate social responsibility initiative: the use of codes of conduct and monitoring in the global garment industry. The review focuses on three debates in the field: the evaluation of code and monitoring effectiveness, the problematic of various relationships in transnational anti‐sweatshop campaigns, and the meaning of private regulation vis‐a‐vis state enforcement. The article concludes that codes and monitoring do not constitute a solution to the sweatshop problem and certainly cannot substitute for state enforcement or worker organizing. If private regulation is to contribute to a solution in a meaningful way, it must move from a model that presumes compliance and, therefore, focuses on ferreting out violators, to one that assumes non‐compliance, and so concentrates on altering the structure of the industry.
The Treadmill of Destruction and the Environmental Impacts of Militaries1
Authors: Clark Brett , Jorgenson Andrew K. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis brief article considers the environmental impacts of militaries from a sociological perspective. The authors begin with an overview of treadmill of destruction theory, which highlights the expansionary tendencies and concomitant environmental consequences of militarism. This discussion is followed by a narrative assessment of military developments and expenditures, with a particular focus on the US military over the past century. Next, the authors detail the increasing environmental impacts associated with the growth and structure of militarization, and conclude by calling for future sociological research to seriously consider the environmental impacts of the world’s militaries.
Response of Algal Biomass to Large‐Scale Nutrient Controls in the Clark Fork River, Montana, United States1
Authors: Suplee Michael W. , Watson Vicki , Dodds Walter K. , Shirley Chris 
Published: June 2012

Suplee, Michael W., Vicki Watson, Walter K. Dodds, and Chris Shirley, 2012. Response of Algal Biomass to Large‐Scale Nutrient Controls in the Clark Fork River, Montana, United States. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 1008‐1021. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00666.xAbstract:  Nutrient pollution is an ongoing concern in rivers. Although nutrient targets have been proposed for rivers, little is known about long‐term success of programs to decrease river nutrients and algal biomass. Twelve years of summer data (1998‐2009) collected along 383 km of the Clark Fork River were analyzed to ascertain whether a basin‐wide nutrient reduction program lowered ambient total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, and bottom‐attached algal biomass. Target nutrient and algal biomass levels were established for the program in 1998. Significant declines were observed in TP but not TN along the entire river. Downstream of the city of Missoula, TP declined below a literature‐derived TP saturation breakpoint and met program targets after 2005; TN was below targets since 2007. Algal biomass also declined significantly below Missoula. Trends there likely relate to the city’s wastewater facility upgrades, despite its 20% population increase. Upstream of Missoula, nutrient reductions were less substantial; still, TP and TN declined toward saturation breakpoints, but no significant reductions in algal biomass occurred, and program targets were not met. The largest P‐load reduction to the river was from a basin‐wide phosphate laundry detergent ban set 10 years before, in 1989. We document that nutrient reductions in rivers can be successful in controlling algal biomass, but require achievement of concentrations below saturation and likely close to natural background.
Aquatic insect assemblages associated with subalpine stream segment types in relict glaciated headwaters
Authors: Kubo Joshua S. , Torgersen Christian E. , Bolton Susan M. , Weekes Anne A. , Gara Robert I. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Aquatic habitats and biotic assemblages in subalpine headwaters are sensitive to climate and human impacts. Understanding biotic responses to such perturbations and the contribution of high‐elevation headwaters to riverine biodiversity requires the assessment of assemblage composition among habitat types. We compared aquatic insect assemblages among headwater stream segment types in relict glaciated subalpine basins in Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington, USA.
Aquatic insects were collected during summer and autumn in three headwater basins. In each basin, three different stream segment types were sampled: colluvial groundwater sources, alluvial lake inlets, and cascade‐bedrock lake outlets. Ward's hierarchical cluster analysis revealed high β diversity in aquatic insect assemblages, and non‐metric multidimensional scaling indicated that spatial and temporal patterns in assemblage composition differed among headwater stream segment types. Aquatic insect assemblages showed more fidelity to stream segment types than to individual basins, and the principal environmental variables associated with assemblage structure were temperature and substrate.
Indicator species analyses identified specific aquatic insects associated with each stream segment type. Several rare and potentially endemic aquatic insect taxa were present, including the recently described species, Lednia borealis (Baumann and Kondratieff).
Our results indicate that aquatic insect assemblages in relict glaciated subalpine headwaters were strongly differentiated among stream segment types. These results illustrate the contribution of headwaters to riverine biodiversity and emphasise the importance of these habitats for monitoring biotic responses to climate change. Monitoring biotic assemblages in high‐elevation headwaters is needed to prevent the potential loss of unique and sensitive biota.
The Effect of Structural Changes in the Organizational Form of Business Groups: Evidence from Korea*
Authors: Kim Hyungseok , Kim Woojin , Park Kyung Suh 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of a series of regulatory changes that facilitated business groups in Korea to switch from a complex circular shareholding or “loop” structure to a more simplified and transparent pure holding company structure. Since these changes are likely to affect intra‐group dynamics of member firms in terms of their interdependence, we focus on changes in risk characteristics and how they are reflected in initial announcement returns. Using a business group‐level sample, we find that pure holding companies at the apex exhibit a significant decrease in beta subsequent to structural change, which is reflected in positive market reactions at the initial announcement. For other subsidiary member firms, however, we do not observe such patterns. On the other hand, idiosyncratic risk and volatility of operating performance significantly increase for both holding companies and subsidiaries following the switch. These results suggest that such structural changes alleviate business and financial interdependence among member firms, and that the benefits, if any, mostly accrue to (the shareholders of) the apex holding companies.
Activity of Tedizolid Phosphate (TR-701) in Murine Models of Infection with Penicillin-Resistant and Penicillin-Sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Choi Sunghak , Im Weonbin , Bartizal Ken 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

The
in vitro
activity of tedizolid (previously known as torezolid, TR-700) against penicillin-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(PRSP) clinical isolates and the
in vivo
efficacy of tedizolid phosphate (torezolid phosphate, TR-701) in murine models of PRSP systemic infection and penicillin-susceptible
S. pneumoniae
(PSSP) pneumonia were examined using linezolid as a comparator. The MIC
90
against 28 PRSP isolates was 0.25 μg/ml for tedizolid, whereas it was 1 μg/ml for linezolid. In mice infected systemically with a lethal inoculum of PRSP 1 h prior to a single administration of either antimicrobial, oral tedizolid phosphate was equipotent to linezolid (1 isolate) to 2-fold more potent than linezolid (3 isolates) for survival at day 7, with tedizolid phosphate 50% effective dose (ED
50
) values ranging from 3.19 to 11.53 mg/kg of body weight/day. In the PSSP pneumonia model, the ED
50
for survival at day 15 was 2.80 mg/kg/day for oral tedizolid phosphate, whereas it was 8.09 mg/kg/day for oral linezolid following 48 h of treatment with either agent. At equivalent doses (10 mg/kg once daily tedizolid phosphate or 5 mg/kg twice daily linezolid), pneumococcal titers in the lungs at 52 h postinfection were approximately 3 orders of magnitude lower with tedizolid phosphate treatment than with linezolid treatment or no treatment. Lung histopathology showed less inflammatory cell invasion into alveolar spaces in mice treated with tedizolid phosphate than in untreated or linezolid-treated mice. These results demonstrate that tedizolid phosphate is effective in murine models of PRSP systemic infection and PSSP pneumonia.