bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The autism diagnosis in translation: shared affect in children and mouse models of ASD
Authors: Bishop Somer L. , Lahvis Garet P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn the absence of molecular biomarkers that can be used to diagnose ASD, current diagnostic tools depend upon clinical assessments of behavior. Research efforts with human subjects have successfully utilized standardized diagnostic instruments, which include clinician interviews with parents and direct observation of the children themselves [Risi et al., 2006]. However, because clinical instruments are semi‐structured and rely heavily on dynamic social processes and clinical skill, scores from these measures do not necessarily lend themselves directly to experimental investigations into the causes of ASD. Studies of the neurobiology of autism require experimental animal models. Mice are particularly useful for elucidating genetic and toxicological contributions to impairments in social function [Halladay et al., 2009]. Behavioral tests have been developed that are relevant to autism [Crawley, 2004, 2007], including measures of repetitive behaviors [Lewis, Tanimura, Lee, & Bodfish, 2007; Moy et al., 2008], social behavior [Brodkin, 2007; Lijam et al., 1997; Moretti, Bouwknecht, Teague, Paylor, & Zoghbi, 2005], and vocal communication [D'Amato et al., 2005; Panksepp et al., 2007; Scattoni et al., 2008]. Advances also include development of high‐throughput measures of mouse sociability that can be used to reliably compare inbred mouse strains [Moy et al., 2008; Nadler et al., 2004], as well as measures of social reward [Panksepp & Lahvis, 2007] and empathy [Chen, Panksepp, & Lahvis, 2009; Langford et al., 2006]. With continued generation of mouse gene‐targeted mice that are directly relevant to genetic linkages in ASD, there remains an urgent need to utilize a full suite of mouse behavioral tests that allows for a comprehensive assessment of the spectrum of social difficulties relevant to ASD. Using impairments in shared affect as an example, this paper explores potential avenues for collaboration between clinical and basic scientists, within an amply considered translational framework. Autism Res 2011,4:317–335. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term digital mobile phone use and cognitive decline in the elderly
Authors: Ng Tze Pin , Lim May Li , Niti Mathew , Collinson Simon 
Published: September 2011

AbstractResearch on long‐term exposure to electromagnetic fields on cognition is lacking. We investigated the associations between frequent digital mobile phone use and global and domain‐specific cognitive changes in older persons, a vulnerable group experiencing age‐associated cognitive decline. We assessed 871 non‐demented Chinese participants in the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Studies cohort on the frequency of digital mobile phone use, neurocognitive performance and confounding variables at baseline, and neurocognitive performance at the 4‐year follow‐up. Findings showed that digital mobile phone users were typically self‐selected to possess characteristics favoring better cognitive functioning and concomitantly demonstrate better performance on cognitive tasks. There was evidently no significant deleterious effect of digital mobile phone use on cognitive functioning in older people. Findings suggest, however, that digital mobile phone use may have an independent facilitating effect on global and executive functioning. Bioelectromagnetics 33:176–185, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The fluorescence of Mg–Al–Eu ternary layered hydroxides response to tryptophan
Authors: Chen Yufeng , Li Fei , Zhou Songhua , Wei Junchao , Dai Yanfeng , Chen Yiwang 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTWe have studied the fluorescence of Mg–Al–Eu ternary layered hydroxides (TLH) quenched by tryptophan (Trp). IR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the change of Trp structure which was caused by TLH. XRD and TG–DTA results further suggested a structural change of Trp after being reacted with TLH. XPS characterization confirmed a strong chemical reaction between Trp and TLH. These studies may present more direct evidence to explain the interrelation between the structural change of Trp and the fluorescent quenching of TLH. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating 13C enrichment data of free amino acids for precise metabolic flux analysis
Authors: Mori Eiji , Furusawa Chikara , Kajihata Shuichi , Shirai Tomokazu , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMetabolic flux analysis using 13C enrichment data of intracellular free amino acids (FAAs) can improve the time resolution of flux estimation compared to analysis of proteinogenic amino acid data owing to the faster turnover times of FAAs. The nature of the 13C enrichment dynamics of FAAs remains obscure, however, especially with regard to its dependence on culture conditions, even though an understanding of dynamic behavior is important for precise metabolic flux estimation. In this study, we analyzed the 13C enrichment dynamics of free and proteinogenic amino acids in a series of continuous culture experiments with Escherichia coli. The results indicated that the effect of protein degradation on the 13C enrichment of FAAs was negligible under cellular growth conditions. Furthermore, they showed that the time scale necessary for 13C enrichment dynamics of FAAs to reach a steady state depends on culture conditions such as oxygen uptake rate, which was likely due to different pool sizes of intracellular metabolites. The results demonstrate the importance of analyzing 13C enrichment dynamics for the precise estimation of metabolic fluxes using FAA data.
Cancer hyperthermia using magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Kobayashi Takeshi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMagnetic‐nanoparticle‐mediated intracellular hyperthermia has the potential to achieve localized tumor heating without any side effects. The technique consists of targeting magnetic nanoparticles to tumor tissue followed by application of an external alternating magnetic field that induces heat through Néel relaxation loss of the magnetic nanoparticles. The temperature in tumor tissue is increased to above 43°C, which causes necrosis of cancer cells, but does not damage surrounding normal tissue. Among magnetic nanoparticles available, magnetite has been extensively studied. Recent years have seen remarkable advances in magnetite‐nanoparticle‐mediated hyperthermia; both functional magnetite nanoparticles and alternating‐magnetic‐field generators have been developed. In addition to the expected tumor cell death, hyperthermia treatment has also induced unexpected biological responses, such as tumor‐specific immune responses as a result of heat‐shock protein expression. These results suggest that hyperthermia is able to kill not only local tumors exposed to heat treatment, but also tumors at distant sites, including metastatic cancer cells. Currently, several research centers have begun clinical trials with promising results, suggesting that the time may have come for clinical applications. This review describes recent advances in magnetite nanoparticle‐mediated hyperthermia.
Challenges in diagnosis of isolated central nervous system vasculitis
Authors: Amara Amy W. , Bashir Khurram , Palmer Cheryl A. , Walker Harrison C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIsolated central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis is a rare and complicated disorder. Patients typically present with nonspecific neurologic symptoms such as headache and encephalopathy, and have variable progression and severity of the disease. Challenges to definitive diagnosis include the limitations of currently available diagnostic modalities with high likelihood of false‐positive or false‐negative findings. Imaging, serologic, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluation, and even angiography can fail to establish the diagnosis. Often, brain biopsy is required. In order to illustrate these challenges, we report the case of a patient who presented with subacute cognitive decline and was ultimately diagnosed with isolated CNS eosinophilic vasculitis. Initial work‐up included CSF and serologic analyses, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cerebral angiography, but definitive diagnosis required brain biopsy. Immunosuppressive therapy resulted in clinical improvement and stabilization. To our knowledge, only one other case of isolated CNS eosinophilic vasculitis has been reported in the literature. We discuss the importance of a high index of clinical suspicion in cases of progressive nonspecific neurologic symptoms.
Integrated separation process for isolation and purification of biosuccinic acid
Authors: Kurzrock Tanja , Schallinger Stefan , Weuster‐Botz Dirk 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBiotechnologically produced succinic acid has the potential to displace maleic acid and its uses. Therefore, it is of high interest for the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industry. In addition to optimized production strains and fermentation processes, an efficient separation of succinic acid from the aqueous fermentation broth is indispensable to compete with the current petrochemical production of succinic acid. Isolation and purification of succinic acid from an Escherichia coli fermentation broth were studied with two amine‐based reactive extraction systems: (i) trihexylamine in 1‐octanol and (ii) diisooctylamine and dihexylamine in a mixture of 1‐octanol and 1‐hexanol. Back extraction of succinic acid from the organic phase was carried out using an aqueous trimethylamine solution. The trimethylammonium succinate generated after back extraction was split with an evaporation‐based crystallization. The focus was on process integration, for example, reuse of the applied amines for extraction and back extraction. It was shown that the maximum trimethylamine concentration for back extraction should not exceed the stoichiometric amount (2 mol trimethylamine/mol the succinic acid in the organic phase) to ensure maximal extraction yields with the reused organic phase in subsequent extractions. Moreover, mixer‐settler extraction and back extraction of succinic acid were scaled up from the milliliter‐ to the liter‐scale making use of liquid–liquid centrifuges. The overall yield was 83.5% of the succinic acid from the fermentation supernatant. The final purity of the succinic acid crystals was 99.5%. Organic phase and amines can easily be recycled and reused. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog.,, 2011
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and economic evaluation of ultrasonic and jet cooking pretreatment of corn slurry
Authors: Montalbo‐Lomboy Melissa , Khanal Samir Kumar , (Hans) van Leeuwen Johannes , Raj Raman David , Grewell David 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe potential of ultrasonics to replace hydrocooking in corn‐to‐ethanol plants was examined in this study. Batch and continuous experiments were conducted on corn slurry with sonication at a frequency of 20 kHz. Batch mode used a catenoidal horn operated at an amplitude of 144 μmpeak‐to‐peak (p–p) for 90 s. Continuous experiments used a donut horn operating at inner radius amplitude of 12 μmp–p. Jet‐cooked samples from the same ethanol plant were compared with ultrasonicated samples. The highest starch‐to‐ethanol conversion was obtained by the jet‐cooked samples with a yield of 74% of the theoretical yield. Batch and continuous sonication achieved 71.2% and 68% conversion, respectively, however, statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the jet cooking and ultrasonication. On the basis of the similar performance, an economic analysis was conducted comparing jet cooking and ultrasonic pretreatment. The analysis showed that the capital cost for the ultrasonics system was ∼ 10 times higher compared to the capital cost of a hydrocooker. However, due to the large energy requirements of hydrocookers, the analysis showed lower total overall costs for continuous ultrasonication than that for jet cooking, assuming the current energy prices. Because of the high utility cost calculated for jet cooking, it is concluded that ultrasonication poses as a more economical option than jet cooking. Overall, the study shows that ultrasonics is a technically and economically viable alternative to jet cooking in dry‐grind corn ethanol plant. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog.,, 2011
Large‐scale compatible methods for the preservation of human embryonic stem cells: Current perspectives
Authors: Coopman Karen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and hESC‐derived cells are of great interest, not only because of their therapeutic potential but also their prospective uses in in vitro drug and toxicity screening. The ability to preserve these cells is critical, allowing for the generation of quality‐controlled stocks of cells, transport of cells between sites, and avoiding the need for expensive and time‐consuming continuous culture. Current methodologies, namely conventional slow freezing and vitrification, can successfully preserve hESCs and their differentiated progeny, retaining the key characteristics of the cells. However, there is a significant gap between the number of cells potentially needed to either treat patients or run a high‐throughput drug screen and how many cells can be preserved using these techniques. Therefore, this review focuses on the scalability of slow freezing and vitrification, identifying key barriers to success and whether they can be overcome. Given the precedent with other mammalian cells in using slow freezing to successfully preserve large quantities of cells and its compatibility with current and emerging culture methods for hESCs, it is likely to become the method of choice for cryopreserving these cells at scale. However, issues other than scale still exist; therefore, alternatives to cryopreservation should also be explored. Here, the potential to lyophilize hESCs for long‐term storage is considered as one such alternative. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Interosseous membrane: The anatomic basis for combined ankle and common fibular (peroneal) nerve injuries
Authors: Lalezari Sepehr , Amrami Kimberly K. , Tubbs R. Shane , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCommon fibular (peroneal) nerve palsy has many etiologies. A rare cause with a poorly understood pathophysiology is common fibular nerve palsy that follows an ankle injury. Since the original description of this pathologic entity a century ago, several mechanisms have been posited. We present two cases of common fibular nerve palsy following ankle injury. These cases provide anatomic and radiologic evidence to support a hypothesis that the interosseous membrane provides the anatomic basis for this combined pattern of injury. This theory unifies previously postulated mechanisms. Clin. Anat. 25:401–406, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomic relationship between the anterior sylvian point and the pars triangularis
Authors: Ayberk Giyas , Yagli O. Emre , Comert Ayhan , Esmer Ali Firat , Canturk Nergis , Tekdemir Ibrahim , Dinc Hakan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to show morphological sulcal variations of the pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus and to provide a clearer description of the anterior sylvian point. Thirty‐six hemispheres of 18 adult cadavers were studied. The hemispheres were harvested by the classical autopsy method and fixed in 10% formalin solution for three weeks. In six hemispheres, the arteries and veins were filled with colored silicone. The proximal and distal segments of the sylvian fissure, the perpendicular distance of both the anterior sylvian point and inferior rolandic point to the insular cortex and the distances between the anterior ascending ramus and the precentral, central, and postcentral sulcus were measured. The anterior horizontal and ascending rami were exposed. The sulcus located on the pars triangularis was appraised. The relationship between the anterior sylvian point and the vascular structure around the sylvian fissure was examined. The rising of the anterior horizontal and ascending ramus from the sylvian fissure defines the shape of the pars triangularis. The pars triangularis has three shapes: V, U, and Y. In V‐ and Y‐shaped pars triangularis both rami merge but in U‐shaped pars triangularis the rami do not merge. The pars triangularis was Y‐shaped in 30.76% (4/13) of the right hemispheres and in 50% (7/14) of the left hemispheres; U‐shaped in 20.3% (3/13) of the right hemispheres and in 35.71% (5/14) of the left hemispheres; V‐shaped in 40.61% (6/13) of the right hemispheres and in 14.29% (2/14) of the left hemispheres. Minimally invasive procedures use basic anatomic landmarks intracranially to reach the targeted area; therefore, exact and detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the sylvian fissure and pars triangularis is of great importance. Clin. Anat. 25:429–436, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of thoracic pedicle morphometry in a Chinese population using 3D reformatted CT
Authors: Zhuang Zerui , Xie Zeyu , Ding Shan , Chen Yuchun , Luo Jianmin , Wang Xinjia , Kong Kangmei 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the detailed three‐dimensional morphology of the pedicles from T1 to T12 in 120 Chinese patients using a light‐speed Vct CT (General Electric). After reformatting the original images, the following parameters were studied: outer pedicle width (OPW), outer pedicle height (OPH), pedicle chord length (PCL), pedicle cortical thickness (PCT) of the isthmus, and transverse pedicle angle (TPA). The mean outer pedicle width, outer pedicle height, and pedicle chord length were significantly smaller in females than in males at all levels (P < 0.01). The percentage of outer pedicle width ≤5.0 mm and ≤4.5 mm was high at mid‐thoracic pedicles. No significant differences were found in transverse pedicle angle and pedicle cortical thickness in males and females. Pedicle cortical thickness was significantly thinner in patients over 50 years old compared with patients below 50 years old at most levels. The results showed that a screw of larger than 4.5 mm would be too large for mid‐thoracic segments in Chinese population, especially for female patients. Considering the amount of variation between individuals and the complicated structure of the thoracic pedicles, the use of the transpedicular screw fixation must be individualized for each patient and based on detailed preoperative assessment. Reformatted CT assessment is essential before this procedure is performed. Clin. Anat. 25:461–467, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Triplex‐Forming Twisted Intercalating Nucleic Acids (TINAs): Design Rules, Stabilization of Antiparallel DNA Triplexes and Inhibition of G‐Quartet‐Dependent Self‐Association
Authors: Doluca Osman , Boutorine Alexandre S. , Filichev Vyacheslav V. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe majority of studies on DNA triple helices have been focused on pH‐sensitive parallel triplexes with Hoogsteen CT‐containing third strands that require protonation of cytosines. Reverse Hoogsteen GT/GA‐containing antiparallel triplex‐forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) do not require an acidic pH but their applicability in triplex technology is limited because of their tendency to form undesired highly stable aggregates such as G‐quadruplexes. In this study, G‐rich oligonucleotides containing 2–4 insertions of twisted intercalating nucleic acid (TINA) monomers are demonstrated to disrupt the formation of G‐quadruplexes and form stable antiparallel triplexes with target DNA duplexes. The structure of TINA‐incorporated oligonucleotides was optimized, the rules of their design were established and the optimal triplex‐forming oligonucleotides were selected. These oligonucleotides show high affinity towards a 16 bp homopurine model sequence from the HIV‐1 genome; dissociation constants as low as 160 nM are observed whereas the unmodified TFO does not show any triplex formation and instead forms an intermolecular G‐quadruplex with Tm exceeding 90 °C in the presence of 50 mM NaCl. Here we present a set of rules that help to reach the full potential of TINA‐TFOs and demonstrate the effect of TINA on the formation and stability of triple helical DNA.
Mechanism of Side Reactions in Alkane CH Bond Functionalization by Diazo Compounds Catalyzed by Ag and Cu Homoscorpionate Complexes—A DFT Study
Authors: Braga Ataualpa A. C. , Caballero Ana , Urbano Juan , Diaz‐Requejo M. Mar , Pérez Pedro J. , Maseras Feliu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDFT computational methods were applied to the mechanistic study of the formation of fumarate and maleate derivatives in a solution containing alkane, TpBr3M [M=Cu, Ag; TpBr3=hydrotris(3,4,5‐tribromopyrazolyl)borate] and methyl diazoacetate. These solutions are the experimentally reported conditions for carbene insertion into alkane CH bonds, a procedure that usually competes with a nondesired reaction, producing fumarate and/or maleate derivatives. Several mechanisms are analyzed. The preferred mechanism proceeds through a direct reaction between a metallocarbene complex intermediate and a diazo molecule. The computational results explain all of the available experimental evidence and provide important information on the behavior of these systems.
Synthesis of MoVTeNb Oxide Catalysts with Tunable Particle Dimensions
Authors: Kolen'ko Yury V. , Zhang Wei , d'Alnoncourt Raoul Naumann , Girgsdies Frank , Hansen Thomas W. , Wolfram Till , Schlögl Robert , Trunschke Annette 
Published: September 2011

AbstractReliable procedures for the controlled synthesis of phase‐pure MoVTeNb mixed oxides with M1 structure (ICSD 55097) and tunable crystal dimensions were developed to study the structure sensitivity of the selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid. A series of powdered M1 catalysts was successfully prepared on a gram scale by using a hydrothermal‐based route, purification of biphasic M1‐M2 (M2 phase – ICSD 55098) oxide systems, and an innovative approach utilizing a superheated water vapor treatment of calcined precursors. The influence of the preparation technique on the particle morphology and the size is discussed. Detailed experimental studies highlight that the as‐derived catalytic materials were indeed phase‐pure and compositionally uniform MoVTeNb oxide M1 powders, composed of single‐crystalline and structural defect‐free crystals grown along the c axis. The morphologically different catalysts were studied in the selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid, revealing that active sites appear on the entire M1 surface and illustrating the high sensitivity of catalyst performance on the catalyst synthesis method.
Synthesis of CeO2‐Based Quantum Dots through a Polyol‐Hydrolysis Method for Fuel‐Borne Catalysts
Authors: Xin Ying , Yang Xi , Jiang Pin , Zhang Zhaoliang , Wang Zhongpeng , Zhang Yihe 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe transparent colloidal solutions of monodisperse CeO2‐based quantum dots (QDs) were prepared by heating a triethylene glycol (TEG) solution of Ce(NO3)3⋅6 H2O (and Fe(NO3)3⋅9 H2O) at 180 °C. The CeO2‐based QDs were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV/vis absorption spectra and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. CeO2‐based QDs with uniform particle size below 5 nm exhibit narrow size distribution, quantum effect, good re‐dispersion ability and high surface area. For the formation of these QDs, a polyol‐hydrolysis mechanism is proposed. CeO2 QDs are applied in fuel borne catalysts (FBCs) for diesel soot combustion, which exhibit excellent activity at a rather low temperature, owing to the homogeneous and large number of contact points between the catalyst and the soot. The doping with Fe can further improve the selectivity to CO2.