bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The components of resilience—Perceptions of an Australian rural community
Authors: Buikstra Elizabeth , Ross Helen , King Christine A. , Baker Peter G. , Hegney Desley , McLachlan Kathryn , Rogers‐Clark Cath 
Published: October 2010

AbstractResilience, of individuals, is a well‐established concept in the psychology/mental health literatures, but has been little explored in relation to communities. Related theory in the community development and social impact assessment literature provides insight into qualities and assets of communities that enable them to develop effectively or to adapt to major changes. This article reports the components of community and individual resilience identified through a participatory action research study within a rural Australian community. These are social networks and support; positive outlook; learning; early experiences; environment and lifestyle; infrastructure and support services; sense of purpose; diverse and innovative economy; embracing differences; beliefs; and leadership. These components entail interactions between individuals, the community, infrastructure, the environment and the economy in the process of building resilience. The findings extend from previous research by recognizing environmental and economic factors, infrastructure and support services, as enhancing resilience, and expand the limited evidence base for those wishing to promote resilience at the community scale. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and biological screening of 4‐(3,3‐dimethylspiro{bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan‐2,5′‐isoxazoline‐2}‐ 3′‐yl)‐2‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines
Authors: Naqvi Tahira , Mahajan Deepali , Sharma Rattan Lal , Khan Inshad Ali , Kapoor Kamal K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA series of novel 4‐(3,3‐dimethylspiro{bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan‐2,5′‐isoxazoline‐2}‐3′‐yl)‐2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepines were synthesized. These molecules were screenedin vitrofor their antifungal and antibacterial activity, and none of the tested compounds showed promising antimicrobial or antifungal activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
Iron‐catalyzed tandem reactions of aldehydes, terminal alkynes, and primary amines as a strategy for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives
Authors: Zhang Yicheng , Li Pinhua , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFeCl3‐catalyzed three‐component tandem condensation/addition/cyclization/oxidation reactions of aldehydes, terminal alkynes, and primary amines have been developed. The processes can provide a diverse range of quinoline derivatives in good yields from simple starting materials. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Synthesis of norcantharidin‐dimer derivatives
Authors: Deng Liping , Yong Zhang , Tao Weifeng , Shen Jianfeng , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We use one molecule of ethylene diamine as a connecting arm to combine two molecules of 5,6‐dehydronorcantharidin. Then, ten novel norcantharidin derivatives were synthesized in a single step by the [3 + 2] 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction with oxime or hydrazone in the presence of chloramine‐T, which is simpler than the conventional method. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
Zinc in the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Yang Chao‐Hui , Ko Ming‐Tse , Peng Jyh‐Ping , Hwang Chung‐Feng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The objective of this study was to investigate whether zinc supplementation can enhance the recovery of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).Study Design:Prospective, randomized study.Methods:The 66 SSNHL patients who participated in this study were randomly divided into two groups: 33 were given corticosteroid treatment (control group) and 33 were given oral zinc gluconate plus corticosteroid treatment (zinc group). Serum zinc levels were checked before treatment in both groups and after zinc supplementation in the zinc group. Hearing gain and percentage of recovery were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The correlation between the serum zinc level changes and hearing recovery was also analyzed.Results:A significantly larger hearing gain, an increased percentage of recovery, and an increased rate of successful recovery were seen in the zinc group compared with the control group (all P < .05). There was a significant correlation between serum zinc level changes and posttreatment hearing thresholds by correlation analysis (P < .05), as well as between changes of serum zinc levels and percentage of recovery in the zinc group (P < .05).Conclusions:Zinc supplementation may enhance the hearing recovery of SSNHL patients. Its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects may help reduce the oxidative stress of the cochlea in SSNHL, implying a new direction in the treatment of this disease. Laryngoscope, 2011
High‐resolution satellite imagery for detection of tracks and vegetation damage caused by all‐terrain vehicles (ATVs) in Northern Norway
Authors: Tømmervik H. , Johansen B. , Høgda K.A. , Strann K.B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUse of all‐terrain vehicles (ATVs) in vulnerable environments may cause vegetation and soil erosion that will last for a long time. In northern parts of Norway, the growing use of ATVs off‐road has made considerable damage to the environment. In Troms County, the Norwegian Army has exercise and shooting ranges (battlefields) where there has been extensive use of light, medium and heavy armored military vehicles and ATVs for decades. The main objective of this study has been to test the feasibility of high spatial resolution satellite imagery as Ikonos and Quickbird in combination with fieldwork to detect tracks and damage caused by heavy armoured military vehicles (tanks) as well as medium and light ATVs. Applying simple image processing techniques, this study showed that larger parts of these areas were influenced and even small tracks and minor damage on the vegetation caused by small ATVs were easily detected. The total length of the tracks within the battlefields was calculated to be c. 1000 km. Using a zone of damage/influence of 50 m on each side of the tracks, the damaged and/or influenced area by ATVs was estimated to cover 56 km2 (17 per cent) of the total area of 334 km2. The conclusion of this study is that high‐resolution optical satellite images are well suited for surveying damage on the vegetation caused by terrain vehicles in northern Norway. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term MR cell tracking of neural stem cells grafted in immunocompetent versus immunodeficient mice reveals distinct differences in contrast between live and dead cells
Authors: Berman Stacey Cromer , Galpoththawela Chulani , Gilad Assaf A. , Bulte Jeff W. M. , Walczak Piotr 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNeural stem cell (NSC)‐based therapy is actively being pursued in preclinical and clinical disease models. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cell tracking promises to optimize current cell transplantation paradigms, however, it is limited by dilution of contrast agent during cellular proliferation, transfer of label from dying cells to surrounding endogenous host cells, and/or biodegradation of the label. Here, we evaluated the applicability of magnetic resonance imaging for long‐term tracking of transplanted neural stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide and transfected with the bioluminescence reporter gene luciferase. Mouse neural stem cells were transplanted into immunodeficient, graft‐accepting Rag2 mice or immunocompetent, graft‐rejecting Balb/c mice. Hypointense voxel signals and bioluminescence were monitored over a period of 93 days. Unexpectedly, in mice that rejected the cells, the hypointense MR signal persisted throughout the entire time‐course, whereas in the nonrejecting mice, the contrast cleared at a faster rate. In immunocompetent, graft‐rejecting Balb/c mice, infiltrating leukocytes, and microglia were found surrounding dead cells and internalizing superparamagnetic iron oxide clusters. The present results indicate that live cell proliferation and associated label dilution may dominate contrast clearance as compared with cell death and subsequent transfer and retention of superparamagnetic iron oxide within phagocytes and brain interstitium. Thus, interpretation of signal changes during long‐term MR cell tracking is complex and requires caution. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduction of artifacts in T2‐weighted PROPELLER in high‐field preclinical imaging
Authors: Pandit Prachi , Qi Yi , King Kevin F. , Johnson G. Allan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA simple technique is implemented for correction of artifacts arising from nonuniform T2‐weighting of k‐space data in fast spin echo–based PROPELLER (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction). An additional blade with no phase‐encoding gradients is acquired to generate the scaling factor used for the correction. Results from simulations and phantom experiments, as well as in vivo experiments in free‐breathing mice, demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method. This technique is developed specifically for high‐field imaging applications where T2 decay is rapid. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Depicting adoptive immunotherapy for prostate cancer in an animal model with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Meier Reinhard , Golovko Daniel , Tavri Sidhartha , Henning Tobias D. , Knopp Christiane , Piontek Guido , Rudelius Martina , Heinrich Petra , Wels Winfried S. , Daldrup‐Link Heike 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGenetically modified natural killer (NK) cells that recognize tumor‐associated surface antigens have recently shown promise as a novel approach for cancer immunotherapy. To determine NK cell therapy response early, a real‐time, noninvasive method to quantify NK cell homing to the tumor is desirable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if MR imaging could provide a noninvasive, in vivo diagnosis of NK cell accumulation in epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)‐positive prostate cancers in a rat xenograft model. Genetically engineered NK‐92‐scFv(MOC31)‐ζ cells, which express a chimeric antigen receptor specific to the tumor‐associated EpCAM antigen, and nontargeted NK‐92 cells were labeled with superparamagnetic particles of iron‐oxides (SPIO) ferumoxides. Twelve athymic rats with implanted EpCAM positive DU145 prostate cancers received intravenous injections of 1.5 × 107 SPIO labeled NK‐92 and NK‐92‐scFv(MOC31)‐ζ cells. EpCAM‐positive prostate cancers demonstrated a progressive and a significant decline in contrast‐to‐noise‐ratio data at 1 and 24 h after injection of SPIO‐labeled NK‐92‐scFv(MOC31)‐ζ cells. Conversely, tumor contrast‐to‐noise‐ratio data did not change significantly after injection of SPIO‐labeled parental NK‐92 cells. Histopathology confirmed an accumulation of the genetically engineered NK‐92‐scFv(MOC31)‐ζ cells in prostate cancers. Thus, the presence or absence of a tumor accumulation of therapeutic NK cells can be monitored with cellular MR imaging. EpCAM‐directed, SPIO labeled NK‐92‐scFv(MOC31)‐ζ cells accumulate in EpCAM‐positive prostate cancers. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI resolution enhancement: How useful are shifted images obtained by changing the demodulation frequency?
Authors: Tieng Quang M. , Cowin Gary J. , Reutens David C. , Galloway Graham J. , Vegh Viktor 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSuper‐resolution reconstruction is a process by which a set of different low resolution images of the same object are used to create an enhanced, higher resolution image of that object. Recently there has been debate amongst researchers whether it is possible to obtain in‐plane image enhancement using a set of low resolution magnetic resonance images, acquired by making small, independent changes to the demodulation frequency. We show that shifted low‐resolution images contain different information that can be used to obtain denser sampling, leading to image enhancement. We conclude this from specific phantom experiments, applying signal processing sampling theory and taking into consideration the relative sampling of the point spread function with respect to the location of signal sources. Furthermore, the maximum achievable resolution for Fourier encoded MRI data at a boundary or object feature is governed by the effective width of the point spread function or the Fourier pixel size determined by the extent of k‐space; this is verified experimentally. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated macrovessel artifact correction in dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging using independent component analysis
Authors: Reishofer Gernot , Koschutnig Karl , Enzinger Christian , Ischebeck Anja , Keeling Stephen , Stollberger Rudolf , Ebner Franz 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDynamic susceptibility contrast‐MRI is the most commonly used functional MRI‐based method for studying changes in cerebral perfusion. However, several studies indicated a systematic overestimation of perfusion parameters compared with other imaging modalities related to the high sensitivity of dynamic susceptibility contrast‐MRI for blood flow in large vessels. In this study, we therefore suggest an improved, automated, robust, and efficient method allowing for generating hemodynamic parameter maps where signal influence from large vessels is minimized. Based on independent component analysis, this fully automated approach corrects dynamic susceptibility contrast‐MRI data without any user interaction, thus making a clinical applicability possible. The accuracy of the proposed method was tested in 10 patients with cerebrovascular disease. Application of our correction algorithm resulted in a significant reduction of the effect of macrovessel signal on hemodynamic parameters like the cerebral blood flow and the cerebral blood volume compared with uncorrected data. As desired, our method specifically corrected for macrovessel artifacts in cortical grey matter tissue, leaving white matter tissue parameters largely unaffected. This may increase sensitivity and reliability of detecting perfusion abnormalities in patient groups, in particular with regard to stroke and other cerebrovascular disorders. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confirmation that the specific SSLP microsatellite allele 4qA161 segregates with fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) in a cohort of multiplex and simplex FSHD families
Authors: Spurlock Gillian , Jim Hoi‐Ping , Upadhyaya Meena 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe molecular defect in fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) has proved difficult to explain. Although contraction within a polymorphic tandem repeat located at 4q35.2 is unequivocally associated with disease expression, the specific biological mechanism involved in the phenotype has yet to be resolved. Several studies have demonstrated that a specific 4q35.2‐located haplotype (4qA161) is also closely associated with FSHD expression. Therefore, in this study we analyzed the haplotype association in a large cohort of sporadic and familial FSHD families from the UK. In all cases the affected individuals displayed the 4qA161 haplotype. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Effects of resistance exercise combined with essential amino acid supplementation and energy deficit on markers of skeletal muscle atrophy and regeneration during bed rest and active recovery
Authors: Brooks Naomi E. , Cadena Samuel M. , Vannier Edouard , Cloutier Gregory , Carambula Silvia , Myburgh Kathryn H. , Roubenoff Ronenn , Castaneda‐Sceppa Carmen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSpaceflight and bed rest (BR) lead to muscle atrophy. This study assessed the effect of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation and resistance training with decreased energy intake on molecular changes in skeletal muscle after 28‐day BR and 14‐day recovery. Thirty‐one men (31–55 years) subjected to an 8 ± 6% energy deficit were randomized to receive EAA without resistance training (AA, n = 7), or EAA 3 h after (RT, n = 12) or 5 min before (AART, n = 12) resistance training. During BR, myostatin transcript levels increased twofold in the AA group. During recovery, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) mRNA increased in all groups, whereas Pax7, MyoD, myogenin, and MRF4 transcripts increased in AA only (all P < 0.05). MAFbx transcripts decreased twofold with AA and RT. Satellite cells did not change during BR or recovery. This suggests that EAA alone is the least protective countermeasure to muscle loss, and several molecular mechanisms are proposed by which exercise attenuates muscle atrophy during BR with energy deficit. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Motor unit properties of biceps brachii during dynamic contractions in chronic stroke patients
Authors: Kallenberg Laura A.C. , Hermens Hermie J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate motor unit (MU) characteristics of the biceps brachii during sinusoidal contractions in chronic stroke patients using high‐density surface electromyography. Ten sinusoidal elbow flexion and extension movements were performed both passively and actively by 18 stroke patients and 20 healthy subjects. Motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) were extracted, and their root‐mean‐square value (RMSMUAP) was calculated. RMSMUAP was significantly larger in stroke than in healthy subjects. In both groups RMSMUAP was smaller during the stretch phase of passive movement than during active movement. The larger MUAPs indicate enlarged MUs, possibly as a result of reinnervation. The lower RMSMUAP values during passive stretch than during active movement indicates that the stretch reflex mainly activates smaller MUs, while a larger part of the MU pool can be recruited voluntarily. RMSMUAP may have added value for monitoring changes in peripheral MU properties after stroke. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Multifactorial causes of irritating bladder symptoms in patients with sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Lee Kuang‐Lun , Dong Chung Shiu , Chen Mao‐Yuan , Ho Chen‐Hsun , Tai Huai‐Ching , Hung Shun‐Fa , Yu Hong‐Jeng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAimsPatients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are reported to have an increased severity of irritating bladder symptoms, including urinary frequency and urgency. The mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the possible etiologies underlying this problem.MethodsData from 23 female patients with SS (15 primary and 8 secondary) who were treated in the urology clinic for chronic, irritating bladder symptoms were studied.Evaluation of each subject is composed of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), bladder diary entries, and urodynamic studies, which also included an ice water test (IWT) to detect the presence of a C‐fiber mediated micturition pathway. Interstitial cystitis (IC) was diagnosed with post‐hydrodilatation cystoscopic findings of glomerulations and a KCl test.ResultsThese patients complained predominantly of overactive bladder symptoms (OAB), including frequency (n = 20, 87%), nocturia (n = 16, 66%), and urgency (n = 12, 52%). Based on the aforementioned evaluations, four patients (17%) had polyuria with normal bladder function, nine patients (39%) had detrusor overactivity (DO), seven patients (32%) had bladder hypersensitivity (including two patients (9%) diagnosed with IC), and three patients (13%) had negative findings. Ice water instillation neither elicited novel involuntary contractions, both in those with or without DO. Five of the six patients (83%) with DO versus one of the four patients (25%) without DO responded to antimuscarinic therapy.ConclusionsVarious factors contribute to the irritating bladder symptoms in patients with SS, with DO being predominant. The LUTS developed in patients with SS are not due to any specific single etiology and that each patient must be individually carefully evaluated. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:97–101, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secondary changes in bowel function after successful treatment of voiding symptoms with neuromodulation
Authors: Killinger Kim A. , Kangas Jeffrey R. , Wolfert Cheryl , Boura Judith A. , Peters Kenneth M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAimsExpanded indications for neuromodulation are continually being explored. We evaluated secondary changes in bowel function after successful neuromodulation for voiding symptoms.MethodsPatients in our prospective neuromodulation database study with comorbid irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation and/or diarrhea, or fecal incontinence (FI) at baseline were evaluated. Pre‐ and 3, 6, and 12 months post‐operative measures included Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index and Problem Index (ICSI‐PI), bowel diaries (assessing bowel movement frequency; constipation, diarrhea, and FI episodes), and scaled global response assessments (GRA) (“markedly worse” to “markedly improved” bowel function).ResultsMost patients reporting secondary bowel problems (128/199; 64.3%) were female (89%; mean age 56 ± 15.4 years). Primary voiding complaints were urgency/frequency (U/F) with or without urinary incontinence (n = 74), interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS; n = 43), and urinary retention (n = 11). Secondary bowel complaints included constipation and/or diarrhea (49%), IBS (27%), and FI (23%). Urinary (ICSI‐PI) scores improved after treatment (P < 0.0001 for IBS and constipation/diarrhea; P = 0.0021 for FI). Bowel diary data only indicated that mean FI episodes/day increased over time (P = 0.0100) in the FI group. Only the 12‐month value (1.4 ± 2.2; n = 8) was significantly different from baseline (0.3 ± 0.5; n = 18). On the GRA, only the IBS group consistently reported bowel function improvement versus worsening at each time point. Many reported no change.ConclusionsStudies have indicated that neuromodulation improves FI in carefully selected patients. The impact on other bowel conditions, including IBS, is unclear. Since voiding and bowel symptoms often coexist, it is crucial to fully evaluate all potential treatment benefits. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:133–137, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A fast black‐blood sequence for four‐dimensional cardiac manganese‐enhanced MRI in mouse
Authors: Lefrançois William , Miraux Sylvain , Calmettes Guillaume , Pourtau Line , Franconi Jean‐Michel , Diolez Philippe , Thiaudière Eric 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe increasing number of mouse models of cardiac diseases requires improvements in the current MRI tools. Anatomic and functional cardiac phenotyping by MRI calls for both time and space resolution in three dimensions. Black‐blood contrast is often needed for the accurate delineation of myocardium and chambers, and is consistent with manganese contrast enhancement. In this article, we propose a fast, three‐dimensional, time‐resolved (four‐dimensional), black‐blood MRI sequence that allows mouse heart imaging at 10 periods of the cardiac cycle within 30 min at an isotropic resolution of 200 µm. Two‐dimensional imaging was possible within 80 s. Blood cancellation was achieved by employing bipolar gradients without the use of a double inversion recovery preparation scheme. Saturation slices were added in two‐dimensional experiments for better blood nulling. The rapidity of the two‐dimensional acquisition protocol allowed the measurement of the time course of contrast enhancement on manganese infusion. Owing to the very high contrast‐to‐noise ratio, manganese‐enhanced MRI in four dimensions made possible the accurate assessment of regional cardiac volumes in healthy animals. In experimentally infarcted mice, the size of the ischemic zone could be measured easily with this method. The technique might be valuable in evaluating mouse heart diseases and their follow‐up in longitudinal studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.