bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition and Health in EU Food Law
Authors: Schebesta Hanna , Purnhagen Kai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter deals with the need to specifically regulate nutrition and health in food in order to meet the diverse needs of society and ensure health protection. Regulation (EU) 609/2013 on Foods for Specific Groups and Purposes (section 17.2.1) regulates several categories of foodstuffs: infant and follow-up-formula (section 17.2.2), processed cereal food and baby food for infants and young children (section 17.2.3), food for special medical purposes (section 17.2.4), and total diet replacements for weight control (section 17.2.5). In addition, the chapter looks at Regulation 1925/2006 on fortified food (section 17.3) and Directive 2002/46 on food supplements (section 17.4). It concludes with a discussion on the harmonization process of nutritional food regulation (section 17.5).
Food in a Globalized World
Authors: Schebesta Hanna , Purnhagen Kai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the relationship between EU food law and international law (section 18.1). It first looks at the law of the United Nations (UN) (section 18.2), especially the human right to food, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) documents, and the setting of international standards through the Codex Alimentarius. The chapter then analyses the significant relevance of World Trade Organization (WTO) law, including the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement), and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) in relation to food regulation. The chapter finally concludes with a discussion (section 18.6).
Future of Food Law—Conclusions and Outlook
Authors: Schebesta Hanna , Purnhagen Kai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This concluding chapter synthesizes the main findings of the book across its individual parts. These are: European Integration and Food Law (Part I); Food Safety Umbrella Laws: The General Food Law Regulation (GFLR) and the Official Controls Regulation (OCR) (Part II); The Food Law Acquis (Parts III–VII); and International Food Law (Part VIII). The main challenges of the different areas of food law are outlined, for instance the rationale of food domain specific regulation, sustainability, the tension between risk regulation and innovation, and the challenge of the completion of the internal market. The chapter concludes by looking ahead to the future of food law, beyond the Farm to Fork Strategy.
Oxylipins in Breast Implant–Associated Systemic Symptoms
Authors: Khan Imran , Timsina Lava , Chauhan Ruvi , Ingersol Christopher , Wang David R , Rinne Ethan , Muraru Rodica , Mohan Ganesh , Minto Robert E , Van Natta Bruce W , Hassanein Aladdin H , Kelley-Patteson Christine , Sinha Mithun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
A subset of females with breast implants have reported a myriad of nonspecific systemic symptoms collectively termed systemic symptoms associated with breast implants (SSBI). SSBI symptoms are similar to manifestations associated with autoimmune and connective tissue disorders. Breast tissue is rich in adipose cells, comprised of lipids. Insertion of an implant creates an oxidative environment leading to lipid oxidation. Oxylipins can influence immune responses and inflammatory processes.

Objectives
In this study we explored the abundance of a spectrum of oxylipins in the periprosthetic tissue surrounding the breast implant. Because oxylipins are immunogenic, we sought to determine if they were associated with the SSBI patients. We have also attempted to determine if the common manifestations exhibited by such patients have any association with oxylipin abundance.

Methods
The study included 120 patients divided into 3 cohorts. We analyzed 46 patients with breast implants exhibiting manifestations associated with SSBI; 29 patients with breast implants not exhibiting manifestations associated with SSBI (control cohort I, non-SSBI); and 45 patients without implants (control cohort II, no-implant tissue). Lipid extraction and oxylipin quantification were performed with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). LC-MS/MS targeted analysis of the breast adipose tissue was performed.

Results
Of the 15 oxylipins analyzed, 5 exhibited increased abundance in the SSBI cohort when compared to the non-SSBI and no-implant cohorts.

Conclusions
The study documents the association of the oxylipins with each manifestation reported by the patient. This study provides an objective assessment of the subjective questionnaire, highlighting which symptoms may be more relevant than the others.

Level of Evidence: 4
Spatiotemporal constrained RNA–protein heterogeneous network for protein complex identification
Authors: Li Zeqian , Wang Shilong , Cui Hai , Liu Xiaoxia , Zhang Yijia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The identification of protein complexes from protein interaction networks is crucial in the understanding of protein function, cellular processes and disease mechanisms. Existing methods commonly rely on the assumption that protein interaction networks are highly reliable, yet in reality, there is considerable noise in the data. In addition, these methods fail to account for the regulatory roles of biomolecules during the formation of protein complexes, which is crucial for understanding the generation of protein interactions. To this end, we propose a SpatioTemporal constrained RNA–protein heterogeneous network for Protein Complex Identification (STRPCI). STRPCI first constructs a multiplex heterogeneous protein information network to capture deep semantic information by extracting spatiotemporal interaction patterns. Then, it utilizes a dual-view aggregator to aggregate heterogeneous neighbor information from different layers. Finally, through contrastive learning, STRPCI collaboratively optimizes the protein embedding representations under different spatiotemporal interaction patterns. Based on the protein embedding similarity, STRPCI reweights the protein interaction network and identifies protein complexes with core-attachment strategy. By considering the spatiotemporal constraints and biomolecular regulatory factors of protein interactions, STRPCI measures the tightness of interactions, thus mitigating the impact of noisy data on complex identification. Evaluation results on four real PPI networks demonstrate the effectiveness and strong biological significance of STRPCI. The source code implementation of STRPCI is available from https://github.com/LI-jasm/STRPCI.
Figeno: multi-region genomic figures with long-read support
Authors: Sollier Etienne , Heilmann Jessica , Gerhauser Clarissa , Scherer Michael , Plass Christoph , Lutsik Pavlo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Summary
The vast amount of publicly available genomic data requires analysis and visualization tools. Here, we present figeno, an application for generating publication-quality FIgures for GENOmics. Figeno particularly focuses on multi-region views across genomic breakpoints and on long reads with base modifications. In addition, we support epigenomic data including ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq or HiC, as well as whole genome sequencing data with copy numbers and structural variants.

Availability and implementation
Figeno is available as a python package with both a command line and graphical user interface. It can be installed via PyPI and the source code is available at https://github.com/CompEpigen/figeno.
Cholinergic deficiency in Parkinson’s disease patients with visual hallucinations
Authors: d’Angremont Emile , van der Zee Sygrid , Slingerland Sofie , Slomp Anne C , de Vries Erik F J , van Laar Teus , Sommer Iris E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Visual hallucinations can increase the burden of disease for both patients with Parkinson’s disease and their caregivers. Multiple neurotransmitters have been implicated in the neuropathology of visual hallucinations, which provide targets for treatment and prevention. In this study, we assessed the association between cholinergic denervation and visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease in vivo, using PET imaging of the cholinergic system.
A total of 38 patients with Parkinson’s disease participated in this study. A group of 10 healthy subjects, matched for age, sex and education, was included for comparison. None of the participants used cholinergic drugs. Thirteen patients who had experienced visual hallucinations in the past month (VH+) were compared with 20 patients who had never experienced visual hallucinations in their lives (VH−). Cholinergic system integrity was assessed with PET imaging using 18F-fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol as the tracer. We assessed the differences in tracer uptake between groups by cluster-based analysis and by analysis of predefined regions of interest consisting of the ventral visual stream, the dorsal attentional network, the ventral attentional network and the lateral geniculate nucleus and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus.
The Parkinson’s disease group (n = 38) showed an extensive pattern of decreased tracer uptake throughout the brain compared with the controls (n = 10). Within the Parkinson’s disease group, the VH+ group (n = 13) showed a cluster of decreased tracer uptake compared with the VH− group (n = 20), which covered most of the left ventral visual stream and extended towards superior temporal areas. These results were mirrored in the regions of interest-based analysis, in which the VH+ group showed the strongest deficits in the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left superior temporal gyrus compared with the VH− group.
Visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease are associated with a marked cholinergic deficiency in the left ventral visual stream and the left superior temporal lobe, in addition to an extensive global cholinergic denervation in the general Parkinson’s disease population.
Hypoxic environment of wounds and photosynthesis-based oxygen therapy
Authors: Tian Shuning , Tan Shenyu , Fan Mingjie , Gong Wenlin , Yang Tianchang , Jiao Fangwen , Qiao Hongzhi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The hypoxic environment is among the most important factors that complicates the healing of chronic wounds, such as venous leg ulcers, pressure injuries and diabetic foot ulcers, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Various oxygen supply treatments are used in clinical practice to improve the hypoxic environment at the wound site. However, problems still occur, such as insufficient oxygen supply, short oxygen infusion time and potential biosafety risks. In recent years, artificial photosynthetic systems have become a research hotspot in the fields of materials and energy. Photosynthesis is expected to improve the oxygen level at wound sites and promote wound healing because the method provides a continuous oxygen supply and has good biosafety. In this paper, oxygen treatment methods for wounds are reviewed, and the oxygen supply principle and construction of artificial photosynthesis systems are described. Finally, research progress on the photosynthetic oxygen production system to promote wound healing is summarized.
The real exchange rate and industrial investment: new evidence for Brazil
Authors: Iasco-Pereira Hugo C , Libânio Gilberto , Missio Fabrício 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study empirically investigates the influence exerted by the real exchange rate (RER) on investments in 81 sectors of Brazil’s manufacturing industry, between 2007 and 2018. The work has a number of novel features. First, a more disaggregated database is employed than that commonly found in the existing literature. Second, the article’s empirical findings indicate the existence of two competing channels through which a competitive RER may influence sectoral investments, that is: (i) positively, by enhanced exports and (ii) negatively, via more expensive imported inputs. Third, our empirical results also indicate that the RER’s influence is more significant in sectors with a lower mark-up, which means that a competitive RER—caused by expanding revenues from exports, offsets a lack of internal funds to finance new investments. Fourth, we tested the existence of an import penetration channel. The results reveal that a competitive RER increases investments as consumers substitute imported goods with domestic ones.
Systematic hand-held echocardiography in patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Geers Jolien , Balfour Amy , Molek Patrycja , Barron Peter , Botezatu Simona , Joshi Shruti S , White Audrey , Buchwald Mikolaj , Everett Russell , McCarley Joanne , Cusack David , Japp Alan G , Gibson Patrick H , Lang Chris C E , Stirrat Colin , Grubb Neil R , Bing Rong , Cruden Nick L , Denvir Martin A , Soliman Aboumarie Hatem , Cosyns Bernard , Newby David E , Dweck Marc R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Transthoracic echocardiography is recommended in all patients with acute coronary syndrome but is time-consuming and lacks an evidence base. We aimed to assess the feasibility, diagnostic accuracy, and time efficiency of hand-held echocardiography in patients with acute coronary syndrome and describe the impact of echocardiography on clinical management in this setting.

Methods and results
Patients with acute coronary syndrome underwent both hand-held and transthoracic echocardiographies with agreement between key imaging parameters assessed using kappa statistics. The immediate clinical impact of hand-held echocardiography in this population was systematically evaluated. Overall, 262 patients (65 ± 12 years, 71% male) participated. Agreement between hand-held and transthoracic echocardiographies was good-to-excellent (kappa 0.60–1.00) with hand-held echocardiography having an overall negative predictive value of 95%. Hand-held echocardiography was performed rapidly (7.7 ± 1.6 min) and completed a median of 5 (interquartile range 3–20) h earlier than transthoracic echocardiography. Systematic hand-held echocardiography in all patients with acute coronary syndrome identified an important cardiac abnormality in 50%, and the clinical management plan was changed by echocardiography in 42%. In 85% of cases, hand-held echocardiography was sufficient for patient decision-making, and transthoracic echocardiography was no longer deemed necessary.

Conclusion
In patients with acute coronary syndrome, hand-held echocardiography provides comparable results to transthoracic echocardiography, can be more rapidly applied, and gives sufficient imaging information for decision-making in the vast majority of patients. Systematic echocardiography has clinical impact in half of patients, supporting the clinical utility of echocardiography in this population and providing an evidence base for current guidelines.
Evinacumab in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: long-term safety and efficacy
Authors: Gaudet Daniel , Greber-Platzer Susanne , Reeskamp Laurens F , Iannuzzo Gabriella , Rosenson Robert S , Saheb Samir , Stefanutti Claudia , Stroes Erik , Wiegman Albert , Turner Traci , Ali Shazia , Banerjee Poulabi , Drewery Tiera , McGinniss Jennifer , Waldron Alpana , George Richard T , Zhao Xue-Qiao , Pordy Robert , Zhao Jian , Bruckert Eric , Raal Frederick J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by severely elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In the pivotal Phase 3 HoFH trial (NCT03399786), evinacumab significantly decreased LDL-C in patients with HoFH. This study assesses the long-term safety and efficacy of evinacumab in adult and adolescent patients with HoFH.

Methods
In this open-label, single-arm, Phase 3 trial (NCT03409744), patients aged ≥12 years with HoFH who were evinacumab-naïve or had previously received evinacumab in other trials (evinacumab-continue) received intravenous evinacumab 15 mg/kg every 4 weeks with stable lipid-lowering therapy.

Results
A total of 116 patients (adults: n = 102; adolescents: n = 14) were enrolled, of whom 57 (49.1%) were female. Patients were treated for a median (range) duration of 104.3 (28.3–196.3) weeks. Overall, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and serious TEAEs were reported in 93 (80.2%) and 27 (23.3%) patients, respectively. Two (1.7%) deaths were reported (neither was considered related to evinacumab). Three (2.6%) patients discontinued due to TEAEs (none were considered related to evinacumab). From baseline to Week 24, evinacumab decreased mean LDL-C by 43.6% [mean (standard deviation, SD), 3.4 (3.2) mmol/L] in the overall population; mean LDL-C reduction in adults and adolescents was 41.7% [mean (SD), 3.2 (3.3) mmol/L] and 55.4% [mean (SD), 4.7 (2.5) mmol/L], respectively.

Conclusions
In this large cohort of patients with HoFH, evinacumab was generally well tolerated and markedly decreased LDL-C irrespective of age and sex. Moreover, the efficacy and safety of evinacumab was sustained over the long term.
Differences in urban vs. non-urban trends in mortality from ischaemic heart disease and diabetes in Italy and Spain, 2003–19
Authors: Moreno Almudena , Pulido José , Cea-Soriano Lucía , Mateo Alberto , Pezzotti Patrizio , Regidor Enrique 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
In recent years, mortality from ischaemic heart disease and diabetes has decreased. There is an inequality in mortality reduction between urban and non-urban areas. This study aims to estimate the trend in mortality from ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus in urban and non-urban areas in Italy and Spain throughout the first two decades of the 21st century.

Methods and results
Deaths and population data by age and sex, according to the area of residence, were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics of Italy and National Institute of Statistics of Spain. The annual age-standardized mortality rates from ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus were calculated from 2003 to 2019 for each of the two areas of residence in both countries. The average annual percentage change (APC) in the mortality rate in each area was estimated using linear regression models and taking age-standardized mortality rates as a dependent variable. The mortality rates from both causes of death decreased between the beginning and the end of the period analysed. In Italy, the APC was −4.0 and −3.6% in the mortality rate from ischaemic heart disease and −1.5 and −1.3% in the mortality rate from diabetes mellitus in urban and non-urban areas, respectively. In Spain, the APC in was −4.4 and −3.7% in the mortality rate from ischaemic heart disease and −3.3 and −2.0% in the mortality rate from diabetes mellitus in urban and non-urban areas, respectively.

Conclusion
Mortality from both ischaemic heart disease and diabetes have shown a greater reduction in urban areas compared with non-urban areas since the first years of the 21st century in Spain and Italy.
Transposase-assisted tagmentation: an economical and scalable strategy for single-worm whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Wang Zi , Ke Jingyi , Guo Zhengyang , Wang Yang , Lei Kexin , Wang Shimin , Chen Guanghan , Shen Zijie , Li Wei , Ou Guangshuo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
AlphaMissense identifies 23 million human missense variants as likely pathogenic, but only 0.1% have been clinically classified. To experimentally validate these predictions, chemical mutagenesis presents a rapid, cost-effective method to produce billions of mutations in model organisms. However, the prohibitive costs and limitations in the throughput of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) technologies, crucial for variant identification, constrain its widespread application. Here, we introduce a Tn5 transposase-assisted tagmentation technique for conducting WGS in Caenorhabditis elegans, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This method, demands merely 20 min of hands-on time for a single-worm or single-cell clones and incurs a cost below 10 US dollars. It effectively pinpoints causal mutations in mutants defective in cilia or neurotransmitter secretion and in mutants synthetically sterile with a variant analogous to the B-Raf Proto-oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase (BRAF) V600E mutation. Integrated with chemical mutagenesis, our approach can generate and identify missense variants economically and efficiently, facilitating experimental investigations of missense variants in diverse species.
Directional amplification across the San Jacinto fault zone, CA
Authors: Pischiutta Marta , Baker Lawrence M , Fletcher Jon B , Salvini Francesco , Rovelli Antonio , Ben-Zion Yehuda 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
The amplitude, frequency and polarization of ground motion at the surface can be affected by the local geology. While low-velocity sediments and fill can amplify ground motions in certain frequency ranges, the low velocities found in fault zones can also produce prominent wavelets. In this paper, we provide further evidence that polarization of ground motion can be affected by the geological fabric in fault zones that have sustained significant brittle deformation. Aside from the well-known effect of fault-trapped waves in the low-velocity zone with polarization azimuths parallel to the fault strike, the effect of stiffness anisotropy was recently recognized with polarization azimuths at high-angle to the fault strike and orthogonal to the locally predominant fracture field in the fault damage zone. To clarify further such features, we investigate directional amplification effects across the San Jacinto fault zone in Southern California using seismic data recorded by permanent seismic stations and dense across-fault arrays. We observe three main polarization trends. The first trend parallel to the fault strike is ascribed to fault-trapped waves along the low-velocity zone, in agreement with several studies in the last decade in the same region. The second and third trends are orthogonal to the orientation of R and T Riedel planes, respectively. They are related to the stiffness anisotropy in densely fractured rocks in the damage zone, which are more compliant orthogonal to their fractures. At some locations the two effects are superimposed, occurring in different and distinct frequency ranges. Directional amplification at rock sites can be important for expected ground motion and seismic hazard. However, in seismic engineering the current prescriptions of seismic codes do not account for amplification effects at rock sites at frequencies of engineering interest.