bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An accurate modeling technique for antennas and nonlinear RF power amplifier mixed simulation
Authors: Zakka El Nashef Georges , Torrès François , Mons Sébastien , Reveyrand Tibault , Ngoya Edouard , Monédière Thierry , Thévenot Marc , Quéré Raymond 
Published: December 2011

The design of agile active antennas requires an efficient modeling methodology in order to quantify the impact of other components on the array radiation pattern, and especially the influence of power amplifiers (PA). Therefore, the performance prediction of PA on TX chains is of prime importance. This article describes two different approaches for active antenna applications. The first one concentrates on PA macro-modeling, which takes into account a large output load impedance mismatch with a voltage standing wave ratio up to 4:1. A PA behavioral model based on nonlinear scattering functions was developed and extracted from CW measurements. The model validity was checked by comparison with the measured data. The second one describes a novel technique for synthesizing a given radiation pattern, whereas taking into account the mutual coupling and calculated matching impedances (ZL ≠ 50 Ω) of each antenna in the array according to frequency and pointing angle.
Programmed Cell Death Occurs Asymmetrically during Abscission in Tomato
Authors: Bar-Dror Tal , Dermastia Marina , Kladnik Aleš , Žnidarič Magda Tušek , Novak Maruša Pompe , Meir Shimon , Burd Shaul , Philosoph-Hadas Sonia , Ori Naomi , Sonego Lilian , Dickman Martin B. , Lers Amnon 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Abscission occurs specifically in the abscission zone (AZ) tissue as a natural stage of plant development. Previously, we observed delay of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf abscission when the LX ribonuclease (LX) was inhibited. The known association between LX expression and programmed cell death (PCD) suggested involvement of PCD in abscission. In this study, hallmarks of PCD were identified in the tomato leaf and flower AZs during the late stage of abscission. These included loss of cell viability, altered nuclear morphology, DNA fragmentation, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and enzymatic activities, and expression of PCD-associated genes. Overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins resulted in retarded abscission, indicating PCD requirement. PCD, LX, and nuclease gene expression were visualized primarily in the AZ distal tissue, demonstrating an asymmetry between the two AZ sides. Asymmetric expression was observed for genes associated with cell wall hydrolysis, leading to AZ, or associated with ethylene biosynthesis, which induces abscission. These results suggest that different abscission-related processes occur asymmetrically between the AZ proximal and distal sides. Taken together, our findings identify PCD as a key mechanism that occurs asymmetrically during normal progression of abscission and suggest an important role for LX in this PCD process.
Clinical significance of the WHO grades of follicular lymphoma in a population‐based cohort of 505 patients with long follow‐up times
Authors: Wahlin Björn E. , Yri Olav E. , Kimby Eva , Holte Harald , Delabie Jan , Smeland Erlend B. , Sundström Christer , Christensson Birger , Sander Birgitta 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThe prognostic value of grading follicular lymphoma has been debated since the 1980s. There is consensus that World Health Organization (WHO) grades 1 and 2 are indolent, but not whether grades 3A or 3B are aggressive. We retrospectively reviewed the follicular lymphoma diagnoses according to the 2008 WHO classification in all diagnostic specimens from a population‐based cohort of 505 patients with a median follow‐up time of 10·0 years (range, 4·6–16·0). After excluding 43 patients with concomitant diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, 345 remained with grade 1–2, 94 with grade 3A, and 23 with grade 3B follicular lymphoma. Grades 1–2 and 3A seemed equally indolent, with indistinguishable clinical courses, even in patients receiving anthracyclines. Compared with grades 1–3A and independently of clinical factors, grade 3B correlated with higher mortality (P = 0·008), but outcome was improved after upfront anthracycline‐containing therapy (P = 0·015). In contrast to grade 1–3A patients, grade 3B patients experienced no relapses or deaths beyond 5 years of follow‐up. Furthermore, patients with grade 3B were predominantly male and seldom presented with bone‐marrow involvement. We conclude that follicular lymphoma grade 1–3A is indolent and incurable with conventional therapy. Grade 3B appears to be an aggressive but curable disease.
Electronic medical records for appropriate timing of arthroplasty
Authors: Tirkkonen Kari , Hurme Saija , Rautava Päivi , Virolainen Petri 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjective  The objective of this study was to analyse whether electronic medical records (EMRs) of total hip and knee arthroplasty can be used to manage the optimal time of surgery.Design  Retrospective registry study.Setting  Data on waiting time for operation, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), operable condition pre‐operatively and the functional scores at 3 and 12 months after arthroplasty were obtained from EMRs and from an electronic implant database.Participants  The participants of the study were 162 arthroplasty patients.Results  An increase in waiting time of hip patients decreased significantly the change in functional scores at 3 months (P = 0.006, n = 56). The score reductions of older patients were more marked than of younger patients and of patients of normal weight compared with overweight patients. In patients undergoing knee arthroplasty, the association between a longer waiting time and profound change in functional score was statistically significant after 1 year (P = 0.03, n = 75). After adjustment of the results for pre‐operative scores, age group, BMI class, American Society of Anesthesiologists class and gender, the waiting time turned out to affect only the scores of patients undergoing hip arthroplasty at 3 months post‐operatively.Conclusions  Data from electronic patient entries complemented with data of the operable condition can be used for defining the optimal operation time with regard to the pre‐operative condition of the patients. The implication of prolonged waiting times was not very profound, but elderly patients benefit from a short waiting time.
Invasive candidiasis following liver transplantation and surgical complications
Authors: Auzinger Georg 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThe following case report describes a patient with acute liver failure who presented in multiple organ failure and required emergency liver transplantation. A complicated postoperative course lead to sepsis which did not respond to conventional anti bacterial therapy. Despite antifungal prophylaxis with an azole invasive candidiasis was diagnosed and the patient was successfully treated with anidulafungin. The difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal infections in this population are highlighted.
Getting it right first time in a patient with Candida peritonitis
Authors: de Lange D. W. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryHere a patient is presented with a mediastinitis, pleural empyema and peritonitis with Candida glabrata and Enterococcus faecium after a complicated robot‐assisted thoracolaparoscopic oesophagolymphadectomy esophagectomy. This case description highlights some of the therapeutic dilemmas that physicians face when treating critically ill patients with health care‐associated invasive Candida infections. The current guidelines and treatment with echinocandins are discussed.
Enhanced actions of adenosine in medial entorhinal cortex layer II stellate neurons in temporal lobe epilepsy are mediated via A1‐receptor activation
Authors: Hargus Nicholas J. , Jennings Conor , Perez‐Reyes Edward , Bertram Edward H. , Patel Manoj K. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryPurpose:  The adenosinergic system is known to exert an inhibitory affect in the brain, and as such adenosine has been considered an endogenous anticonvulsant. Entorhinal cortex (EC) layer II neurons, which serve as the primary input to the hippocampus, are spared in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and become hyperexcitable. Because these neurons also express adenosine receptors, the activity of these neurons may be controlled by adenosine, specifically during seizure activity when adenosine levels are thought to rise. In light of this, we determined if the actions of adenosine on medial EC (mEC) layer II stellate neurons are augmented in TLE and by which receptor subtype.Methods:  Horizontal brain slices were prepared from rats exhibiting spontaneous seizures (TLE) induced by electrical stimulation and compared with age‐matched control rats. mEC layer II stellate neurons were visually identified, and action potentials (APs) were evoked either by a series of depolarizing current injection steps or via presynaptic stimulation of mEC deep layers. The effects of adenosine were compared with actions of adenosine A1 and A2A receptor–specific agonists (CPA and CGS‐21680) and antagonists (DPCPX and ZM‐241385), respectively. Immunohistochemical and qPCR techniques were also employed to assess relative adenosine A1‐receptor message and expression.Key Findings:  mEC layer II stellate neurons were hyperexcitable in TLE, evoking a higher frequency of APs when depolarized and generating bursts of APs when synaptically stimulated. Adenosine reduced AP frequency and synaptically evoked APs in a dose‐dependent manner (500 nm–100 μm); however, in TLE, the inhibitory actions of adenosine occurred at concentrations that were without affect in control neurons. In both cases, the inhibitory actions of adenosine were mediated via activation of the A1‐ and not the A2A‐receptor subtype. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemical experiments revealed an upregulation of the adenosine A1 mRNA and an increase in A1‐receptor staining in TLE neurons compared to control.Significance:  Our data indicate that the actions of adenosine on mEC layer II stellate neurons is accentuated in TLE due to an upregulation of adenosine A1‐receptors. Because adenosine levels are thought to rise during seizure activity, activation of adenosine A1‐receptors could provide a possible endogenous mechanism to suppress seizure activity and spread within the temporal lobe.
Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Biomarkers of Myocardial Ischemia Increase after Defibrillation Threshold Testing
Authors: FRANCIS CHARLES K. , KUO YEN‐HONG , AZZAM IYAD , SELIM SAMY , PATEL NISHANT , BERI ROHIT , GOLDMAN DANIEL , GIRGIS IHAB , DANIELS STEVEN 
Published: December 2011

Background: During implantable cardioverter defibrillator insertion, induced ventricular fibrillation followed by test shocks (defibrillation threshold testing [DFT]) is utilized to confirm effective device function. The effect of DFT on ventricular function is uncertain. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a marker of ventricular dysfunction and hemodynamic stress. We hypothesized that DFT causes increased BNP levels.
Methods: BNP, creatine kinase, creatine kinase‐MB (CK‐MB), and troponin I (cTnI) were measured in 31 patients (mean age 71.4 years; 12 women) at preinsertion (T1), at 2–4 hours (T2), and at 8–12 hours (T3) after DFT. Biomarker levels were compared in patients receiving one shock (Group A) or two shocks (Group B).
Results: After DFT all biomarkers increased above baseline levels but did not reach levels diagnostic for myocardial infarction. From T1 to T2, elevations in CK‐MB and cTnI occurred in the highest proportion of patients (CK‐MB 90% and cTnI 84%). From T1 to T3, elevation in BNP and cTnI were most prevalent (BNP 83% and cTnI 90%). Significant increases were measured in BNP levels from T1 to T3 (P = 0.0003), CK‐MB levels from T1 to T2 (P < 0.0001), and cTnI levels from T1 to T2 (P < 0.0001) and from T1 to T3 (P < 0.0001). CK‐MB levels did not increase significantly from T1 to T3 (P = 0.51).
Conclusions: BNP levels rise progressively after DFT accompanied by early CK‐MB increases and sustained increases in cTnI. These data suggest that DFT is associated with hemodynamic stress and left ventricular dysfunction, as evidenced by increases in BNP. (PACE 2011;1–6)
Bone remodeling‐associated salivary biomarker MIP‐1α distinguishes periodontal disease from health
Authors: Al‐Sabbagh M. , Alladah A. , Lin Y. , Kryscio R. J. , Thomas M. V. , Ebersole J. L. , Miller C. S. 
Published: December 2011

Al‐Sabbagh M, Alladah A, Lin Y, Kryscio RJ, Thomas MV, Ebersole JL, Miller CS. Bone remodeling‐associated salivary biomarker MIP‐1α distinguishes periodontal disease from health. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 389–395. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  The field of salivary diagnostics lacks an accepted and validated biomarker of alveolar bone remodeling. To address this, we examined levels of salivary biomolecules specifically associated with biological aspects of bone remodeling in subjects with chronic periodontitis in a case–control study.Material and Methods:  Levels of macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α), osteoprotegerin, C‐telopeptide pyridinoline cross‐links of type I collagen and β‐C‐terminal type I collagen telopeptide in unstimulated whole saliva of 80 subjects (40 subjects with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis and 40 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy control subjects) were measured using enzyme immunosorbent assays. Saliva was collected before clinical examination, which included probing depth, clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing.Results:  The mean level of MIP‐1α in subjects with periodontitis was 18‐fold higher than in healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). Clinical periodontal indices correlated significantly with MIP‐1α levels (p < 0.0001). Of the biomolecules examined, MIP‐1α demonstrated the greatest ability to discriminate between periodontal disease and health as determined by the area under the curve (0.94) and classification and regression tree analysis (sensitivity 94% and specificity 92.7%). Osteoprotegerin levels were elevated 1.6‐fold (p = 0.055), whereas C‐telopeptide pyridinoline cross‐links of type I collagen and β‐C‐terminal type I collagen telopeptide levels were below the level of detection in the majority of subjects.Conclusion:  These findings suggest that the chemokine MIP‐1α may aid in identifying periodontitis. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to determine whether this biomarker can help in ascertaining the progression of bone loss in subjects with periodontal disease.
Platelet‐rich fibrin and bovine porous bone mineral vs. platelet‐rich fibrin in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects
Authors: Lekovic V. , Milinkovic I. , Aleksic Z. , Jankovic S. , Stankovic P. , Kenney E. B. , Camargo P. M. 
Published: December 2011

Lekovic V, Milinkovic I, Aleksic Z, Jankovic S, Stankovic P, Kenney EB, Camargo PM. Platelet‐rich fibrin and bovine porous bone mineral vs. platelet‐rich fibrin in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 409–417. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  Bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM) is a xenograft that has been successfully utilized in periodontal regeneration. Platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) is a leukocyte and platelet preparation that concentrates various polypeptide growth factors and therefore has the potential to be used as regenerative treatment for periodontal defects. The purpose of this study was to examine the suitability of autologous PRF as regenerative treatment for periodontal intrabony defects in humans and to examine the ability of BPBM to augment the regenerative effects exerted by PRF.Material and Methods:  Using a split‐mouth design, 17 paired intrabony defects were randomly treated either with PRF or with PRF–BPBM combination. Re‐entry surgeries were performed at 6 mo. Primary study outcomes were changes in pocket depth, attachment level and defect fill.Results:  Preoperative pocket depths, attachment levels and transoperative bone measurements were similar for the PRF and PRF–BPBM groups. Postsurgical measurements revealed a significantly greater reduction in pocket depth in the PRF–BPBM group (4.47 ± 0.78 mm on buccal and 4.29 ± 0.82 mm on lingual sites) when compared with the PRF group (3.35 ± 0.68 mm on buccal and 3.24 ± 0.73 mm on lingual sites). The PRF–BPBM group presented with significantly greater attachment gain (3.82 ± 0.78 mm on buccal and 3.71 ± 0.75 mm on lingual sites) than the PRF group (2.24 ± 0.73 mm on buccal and 2.12 ± 0.68 mm on lingual sites). Defect fill was also greater in the PRF–BPBM group (4.06 ± 0.87 mm on buccal and 3.94 ± 0.73 mm on lingual sites) than in the PRF group (2.21 ± 0.68 mm on buccal and 2.06 ± 0.64 mm on lingual sites).Conclusion:  The results of this study indicate that PRF can improve clinical parameters associated with human intrabony periodontal defects, and BPBM has the ability to augment the effects of PRF in reducing pocket depth, improving clinical attachment levels and promoting defect fill.
Bacterial communities in floral nectar
Authors: Fridman Svetlana , Izhaki Ido , Gerchman Yoram , Halpern Malka 
Published: December 2011

SummaryFloral nectar is regarded as the most important reward available to animal‐pollinated plants to attract pollinators. Despite the vast amount of publications on nectar properties, the role of nectar as a natural bacterial habitat is yet unexplored. To gain a better understanding of bacterial communities inhabiting floral nectar, culture‐dependent and ‐independent (454‐pyrosequencing) methods were used. Our findings demonstrate that bacterial communities in nectar are abundant and diverse. Using culture‐dependent method we showed that bacterial communities of nectar displayed significant variation among three plant species: Amygdalus communis, Citrus paradisi and Nicotiana glauca. The dominant class in the nectar bacterial communities was Gammaproteobacteria. About half of the isolates were novel species (< 97% similarities of the 16S rRNA gene with known species). Using 454‐pyrosequencing we demonstrated that nectar microbial community are distinct for each of the plant species while there are no significant differences between nectar microbial communities within nectars taken from different plants of the same species. Primary selection of the nectar bacteria is unclear; it may be affected by variations in the chemical composition of the nectar in each plant. The role of the rich and diverse nectar microflora in the attraction–repulsion relationships between the plant and its nectar consumers has yet to be explored.
A five‐year assessment of clinical incidents requiring transfer in a dental hospital day surgery unit
Authors: Verco S , Bajurnow A , Grubor D , Chandu A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:  Previous studies regarding general anaesthesia related morbidity and mortality rates for dental surgery have taken the form of a retrospective survey. The Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists also do not record morbidity and mortality for dental/oral and maxillofacial procedures. The aim of this study was to document the clinical incidents requiring transfer to another hospital and mortality.Methods:  Records from patients transferred to another hospital after having treatment under general anaesthesia performed at the Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2009 were prospectively reviewed.Results:  There were 17 557 general anaesthesia procedures performed during the review period, including paediatric, special needs and minor oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures. The incidence of morbidity requiring transfer to a hospital with overnight stay facilities was 0.13%. There were no cases of mortality recorded. The most common complication was low oxygen saturation.Conclusions:  The low incidence of morbidity seen is most likely attributed to the safety of modern anaesthesia and appropriate patient selection. Dentists and dental specialists performing general anaesthesia procedures should be aware of the complications that arise so that informed consent can be obtained. This study also provides a benchmark for general anaesthesia morbidity/mortality for dental procedures.
The Phonetic Manifestation of French /s#∫/ and /∫#s/ Sequences in Different Vowel Contexts: On the Occurrence and the Domain of Sibilant Assimilation
Authors: Niebuhr Oliver , Meunier Christine 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWhile assimilation was initially regarded as a categorical replacement of phonemes or phonological features, subsequent detailed phonetic analyses showed that assimilation actually generates a wide spectrum of intermediate forms in terms of speech timing and spectrum. However, the focus of these analyses predominantly remained on the assimilated speech sound. In the present study we go one step ahead in two ways. First, we look at acoustic phonetic detail that differs in the French vowels /i, a, u/ preceding single /s/ and /∫/ sibilants as well as /s#∫/ and /∫#s/ sibilant sequences. Second, our vowel measurements include not only F1 and F2 frequencies, but also traditional prosodic parameters like duration, intensity and voice quality. The vowels and sibilants were recorded as the central part of CVC#CVC pseudo-names in a contextualized read-speech paradigm. In the single-sibilant conditions we found that the vowels preceding /∫/ were longer, breathier, less intense, and had more cardinal F2 values than before /s/. For the /s#∫/ and /∫#s/ conditions we found regressive and progressive /s/-to-[∫] assimilation that was complete in terms of spectral centre-of-gravity measurements, although French is said to have only voice assimilation. Moreover, the vowels preceding the /s#∫/ sequences still bear an imprint of /s/ despite the assimilation towards [ ∫∫]. We discuss the implications of these findings for the time window and the completeness of assimilation as well as for the basic units in speech communication.
The slave who was slain twice: causality and the lex Aquilia (Iulian. 86 dig. D. 9,2,51)
Authors: Sirks A.J.B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractD. 9,2,51, in which a slave is slain twice and dies, and where Julian considers both assailants equally liable for killing, has been interpreted in the context of causa superveniens. In that case Julian's opinion becomes contradictory. It is argued that the text should be read in the context of the Stoic theories on causality as current among the jurists in the first centuries AD. In these theories there existed no causa superveniens as of the modern causality theory. As such its application is ill at place here. Instead, in applying these Stoic theories Julian's view can be explained as his attributing a causa antecedens to the first assailant, with full imputation of the effect of the subsequent causa principalis to him, and attributing a causa adiuvans to the second assailant, while valuing at the same time the latter not just as a reinforcing cause but also as a causa mortis and a full effective cause. For other jurists the latter evidently went too far.