bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covariance‐oriented qualitative and quantitative calibration analysis for multistage batch processes
Authors: Zhao Chunhui , Wang Fuli , Gao Furong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn improved stage‐specific multivariate calibration scheme is developed for multistage batch processes based on the covariance analysis unit. First, the process duration is automatically and properly divided into different stages, which reveals the changes of quality‐related process correlation characteristics. The concept of stage‐representative average process behaviour is then introduced, which is comprehensibly realized by averaging all covariance patterns within the same stage based on different weights. In this way, it stacks the cumulative effects of process variations on quality within each stage and meanwhile considers their time‐varying characteristics. Subsequently, covariance‐oriented OSC and variable selection are effectively combined, which can simplify the calibration model structure and enhance the causal relationship between predictors and quality by excluding the redundant latent factors and input variables. Finally, stage‐representative PLS regression models are developed focusing on the critical‐to‐quality stages for online quality prediction. It shows that a complete multistage calibration solution is readily achieved from an “overall” stage perspective by smartly making use of covariance. The illustration study to injection molding shows the effectiveness of the proposed method for improving process comprehension and quality prediction.
Decolourisation of direct dyes with manganese peroxidase from white rot basidiomycete Ganoderma lucidum‐IBL‐5
Authors: Bibi Ismat , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Asgher Muhammad 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the current project the ability of white‐rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum IBL‐05 was investigated for the decolourisation of some direct textile dyes. In the initial time course study maximum decolourisation (83.78 ± 5%) was observed for Solar golden yellow R at pH 4 and temperature 30°C after 6th day. Various process parameters like optimum pH, incubation time, temperature and additional carbon and nitrogen additives were optimized to achieve maximum decolourisation of the dye by G. lucidum IBL‐05. Addition of starch (1%) accelerated the dye decolourisation (96 ± 3%). All the nitrogen sources showed an inhibitory effect on dye decolourisation and enzyme induction. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) was found to be the only enzyme (256 ± 5 U/mL) secreted by G. lucidum IBL‐05.
Effect of particle size on the rheology of Athabasca clay suspensions
Authors: Adeyinka Olusola B. , Samiei Sepideh , Xu Zhenghe , Masliyah Jacob H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe success of the separation process conventionally used in Alberta for oil sands extraction is highly influenced by the rheology of the oil sands slurry. In the gravity separation vessel, high slurry viscosities can hinder the rise of aerated bitumen and reduce the efficiency of the recovery process. In this study, the effect of particle size on the viscosity of oil sands slurries is investigated. Solids from mature fine tails (MFT) obtained from tailings pond were fractionated into three fractions of different particle size distributions and their rheological properties were studied. The solids in each fraction were characterized by XRD analysis which showed the presence of different types of clays in each fraction. For the rheological measurements, dispersions of the three fractions were prepared in the supernatant water decanted from centrifuged MFT to maintain the solution chemistry of the solids. Suspensions of each fraction showed a non‐Newtonian shear thinning behaviour as well as yield stress that is characteristic of structure formation within the suspensions. For all solids fractions, increasing solids concentration led to higher viscosities and higher yield stress values. Viscoelastic properties of the suspensions showed stronger solid‐like behaviour at higher particle concentrations. Among the three fractions numbered from 1 to 3, solids in fraction 3 were coated with organic matters, exhibiting the highest suspension viscosities. Also for fraction 3, higher gelling potency was observed at much lower weight fractions of solids as compared to the other fractions.
Use of ultrasound in petroleum residue upgradation
Authors: Sawarkar Ashish N. , Pandit Aniruddha B. , Samant Shriniwas D. , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractConventional processes for the upgradation of residual feedstocks, viz., thermal cracking and catalytic cracking are carried out in the temperature range of 400–520°C. Such high temperatures can in principle be substituted by acoustic cavitation. In the present work, two vacuum residues, namely, Arabian mix vacuum residue (AMVR) and Bombay high vacuum residue (BHVR) and one asphalt, viz., Haldia asphalt (HA) were subjected to acoustic cavitation for different reaction times from 15 min to 120 min at ambient temperature and pressure. An attempt has been made to seek a performance comparison of two devices of acoustic cavitation, namely, ultrasonic bath and ultrasonic horn with regard to their ability to upgrade the petroleum residues to lighter, more value‐added products mainly the hydrocarbons boiling in the range of gas oil fraction. Another attempt has been made to study the effect of ultrasound on the upgradation of the residue when it is emulsified in water with the help of different surfactants. For all the cases, a kinetic model has been developed based on the constituents of the residue so as to get an insight into the reaction mechanism. The study revealed that ultrasonic horn is more effective in bringing about the upgradation than ultrasonic bath and that the acoustic cavitation of the aqueous emulsified hydrocarbon mixture could reduce the asphaltenes content to a greater extent than the acoustic cavitation of non‐emulsified hydrocarbon mixture. The reduction in asphaltenes content of BHVR was found to be more followed by AMVR followed by HA. The variation in the rate constants was found to be feed specific and the rate constants for the conditions of maximum conversion of asphaltenes to gas oil for AMVR, BHVR and HA were found to be 0.29 × 10−4 s−1, 1.4 × 10−4 s−1 and 0.23 × 10−4 s−1, respectively.
Relative rates and mechanisms of biodegradation of diester plasticizers mediated by Rhodococcus rhodochrous
Authors: Sauvageau Dominic , Cooper David G. , Nicell Jim A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDi‐ester plasticizers undergo slow degradation resulting in the release of recalcitrant, toxic metabolites in the environment. It is demonstrated here that the first and rate‐limiting step in their co‐metabolism by Rhodococcus rhodochrous is the hydrolysis of one ester bond. This mechanism is different than one proposed earlier for direct biodegradation of di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate. Also, using butyl butyrate as a reference compound to compare the relative rates of hydrolysis of different di‐ester plasticizers, biodegradation rates were found to be strongly influenced by steric hindrances and solubility. Esterase activity associated with the hydrolysis of these bonds was located in the envelope of the bacterial cell. The esterase activity was not induced by specific substrates and was detected at all stages of growth. These considerations are important for the hydrolysis of recalcitrant plasticizers by a process of co‐metabolism, which leads to a slow but steady overall rate of biodegradation. This suggests that as the growing reservoir of plasticizers in the environment slowly undergoes biotransformation, recalcitrant toxic metabolites will be continuously released.
Automatic design of conventional distillation column sequence by genetic algorithm
Authors: Boozarjomehry Ramin Bozorgmehry , Laleh Ali Pourahmadi , Svrcek William Y. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSynthesis of the optimum conventional (with non‐sharp separations) distillation column sequence (DCS) is a challenging problem, in the field of chemical process design and optimization, due to its huge search space and combinatorial nature. In this paper, a novel procedure for the synthesis of optimum Conventional Distillation Column Sequence is proposed. The proposed method is based on evolutionary algorithms. The main criterion used to screen alternative DCS's is the Total Annual Cost (TAC). In order to estimate the TAC of each DCS alternative all columns that exist in the DCS are designed using short‐cut methods. The performance of the proposed method and other alternatives are compared based on the results obtained for four standard benchmark problems used by researchers working in this area. Based on the results of the comparison, the proposed method outperforms the other methods and is also more flexible than other existing methods.
Model for biodegradation of a naphthenic acid in an immobilized cell reactor
Authors: Paslawski Janice C. , Nemati Mehdi , Hill Gordon A. , Headley John V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPreviously, using maximum feed concentrations of 500 mg/L, an immobilized cell reactor (ICR) with established biofilm was shown to enhance the biodegradation rate of a candidate naphthenic acid up to two orders of magnitude when compared to a freely suspended cell, well mixed tank reactor, reaching biodegradation rates of 22 000 mg/L day with 100% biodegradation efficiencies [Paslawski et al., J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2009a]. In this work, dispersion in the ICRs was found to be negligible and a plug flow model was developed and shown to represent the immobilized cell biodegradation data well. The effectiveness coefficient (percent of dry biofilm containing active biomass) was predicted to be approximately 55% with an effective thickness of 0.15 mm.
Fluidized bed freeboard measurements of heat transfer
Authors: Farag Ihab H. , Tsai Kun‐Yung 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLocal surface‐to‐suspension heat transfer coefficients in the freeboard of a fluidized bed reactor were measured by a newly designed miniature probe. Four types of plate orientations were used to test directional effects of surface on heat transfer rate.Variations of heat transfer coefficients with radial position are more significant at lower freeboard. For plate parallel both to the axial and radial directions of the column, the heat transfer coefficient (h) is higher at the center than at wall. For plate with exposed surface parallel to the axial and perpendicular to the radial directions, the plate gives nearly the same value of h at the center and the wall. At low heights of freeboard, center‐facing surface exhibits higher heat transfer rate than wall‐facing one. The phenomena of higher solids concentration and center to wall movement of particles account for this observation.Variations of heat transfer coefficients with elevation in the freeboard are as much as an order of magnitude, decreasing to gas convection with increasing elevation. These variations are relatively insensitive to the types of plate orientation investigated.
The STE group kinase SepA controls cleavage furrow formation in Dictyostelium
Authors: Müller‐Taubenberger Annette , Ishikawa‐Ankerhold Hellen C. , Kastner Peter M. , Burghardt Emmanuel , Gerisch Günther 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDuring a REMI screen for proteins regulating cytokinesis in Dictyostelium discoideum we isolated a mutant forming multinucleate cells. The gene affected in this mutant encoded a kinase, SepA, which is an ortholog of Cdc7, a serine‐threonine kinase essential for septum formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Localization of SepA‐GFP in live cells and its presence in isolated centrosomes indicated that SepA, like its upstream regulator Spg1, is associated with centrosomes. Knockout mutants of SepA showed a severe cytokinesis defect and a delay in development. In multinucleate SepA‐null cells nuclear division proceeded normally and synchronously. However, often cleavage furrows were either missing or atypical: they were extremely asymmetric and constriction was impaired. Cortexillin‐I, a marker localizing strictly to the furrow in wild‐type cells, demonstrated that large, crescent‐shaped furrows expanded and persisted long after the spindle regressed and nuclei returned to the interphase state. Outside the furrow the filamentous actin system of the cell cortex showed strong ruffling activity. These data suggest that SepA is involved in the spatial and temporal control system organizing cortical activities in mitotic and postmitotic cells. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 66: 929–939, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microtubule plus‐end and minus‐end capture at adherens junctions is involved in the assembly of apico‐basal arrays in polarised epithelial cells
Authors: Bellett Gemma , Carter Jane M. , Keynton Jennifer , Goldspink Deborah , James Colin , Moss David K. , Mogensen Mette M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractApico‐basal polarisation of epithelial cells involves a dramatic reorganisation of the microtubule cytoskeleton. The classic radial array of microtubules focused on a centrally located centrosome typical of many animal cells is lost or greatly reduced and a non‐centrosomal apico‐basal array develops. The molecules and mechanisms responsible for the assembly and positioning of these non‐centrosomal microtubules have not been fully elucidated. Using a Nocodazole induced regrowth assay in invitro culture (MDCK) and in situ epithelial (cochlear Kolliker's) cell models we establish that the apico‐basal array originates from the centrosome and that the non‐centrosomal microtubule minus‐end anchoring sites do not contribute significantly to their nucleation. Confocal and electron microscopy revealed that an extended radial array assembles with microtubule plus‐ends targeting cadheren sites at adherens junctions and EB1 and CLIP‐170 co‐localising with β‐catenin and dynein clusters at the junction sites. The extended radial array is likely to be a vital intermediate step in the assembly process with cortical anchored dynein providing the mechanical force required for microtubule release, translocation and capture. Ultrastructural analyses of the apico‐basal arrays in fully polarised MDCK and Kolliker's cells revealed microtubule minus‐end association with the most apical adherens junction (Zonula adherens). We propose that a release and capture model involving both microtubule plus‐ and minus‐end capture at adherens junctions is responsible for the generation of non‐centrosomal apico‐basal arrays in most centrosome containing polarised epithelial cells. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discovery of Selective Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Agonists Using the Bivalent Ligand Method
Authors: Bonger Kimberly M. , van den Berg Richard J. B. H. N. , Knijnenburg Annemiek D. , Heitman Laura H. , van Koppen Chris J. , Timmers Cornelis M. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTwo series of dimeric ligands for a G‐protein‐coupled receptor were prepared that differ by the interconnecting spacer system. Biological evaluation revealed that both dimeric series exhibit unique biological properties relative to their monomeric counterparts.magnified imageThe luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), the follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), and the thyroid‐stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) belong to the glycoprotein hormone receptor (GpHR) family. A prominent feature of all endogenous glycoprotein ligands is that they share an identical α subunit and acquire their selectivity from the unique β subunit. Recent developments in pro‐fertility research have led to the discovery of several low‐molecular‐weight agonists for the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor that bind to the transmembrane (TM) region of the LHR. Interestingly, some of these agonists are also able to activate the FSHR. Several research groups have shown that ligand dimerization presents a powerful tool to increase the subtype selectivity for structurally related G‐protein‐coupled receptors. In this work, we applied the dimerization strategy to GpHRs and explored the effect on receptors with closely related TM regions. Two series of dimeric ligands were prepared that differ in the interconnecting spacer system. Biological evaluation revealed that both series exhibit unique selectivity properties for the LHR, originating from either decreased potency or a decreased efficacy toward the FSHR.
The XIXth National Meeting on Medicinal Chemistry: Verona, Italy
Authors: Brasili Livio , Donati Daniele , Mosti Luisa 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn international affair: The Medicinal Chemistry Division of the Italian Chemical Society took the bold decision to hold the XIXth National Meeting on Medicinal Chemistry in English. The result was a truly international conference, with delegates and speakers from around the world. This comprehensive report highlights the presentations and awards given.magnified image
Inside Cover: Design and Biological Evaluation of Novel, Balanced Dual PPARα/γ Agonists (ChemMedChem 6/2009)
Authors: Grether Uwe , Bénardeau Agnes , Benz Jörg , Binggeli Alfred , Blum Denise , Hilpert Hans , Kuhn Bernd , Märki Hans Peter , Meyer Markus , Mohr Peter , Püntener Kurt , Raab Susanne , Ruf Armin , Schlatter Daniel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe inside cover picture shows the X‐ray‐determined binding of an α‐ethoxy‐phenyl‐propionic acid‐derived dual PPARα/γ agonist in complex with PPARα (yellow) and PPARγ (blue). The high α‐selectivity of this phenylthiazole (IC50 γ/α = 37; EC50 γ/α = 7) can be rationalized mainly by a single residue difference, Cys 275 (α) vs. Gly 284 (γ), leading to three additional interactions with the terminal p‐Cl‐Ph group. In addition, its binding site is highlighted in a surface representation of the PPARα protein. For more details, see the Communication by U. Grether et al. on p. 951 ff.magnified image
Macroscopic assessment of mesorectal excision in rectal cancer
Authors: García‐Granero Eduardo , Faiz Omar , Muñoz Elena , Flor Blas , Navarro Samuel , Faus Carmen , García‐Botello Stephannie Anne , Lledó Salvador , Cervantes Andrés 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:High quality of surgical technique and the use of descriptive measures to assess and report surgical proficiency have been shown to influence locoregional tumor control in patients with rectal cancer. In this study, the authors have aimed to audit the implementation of a macroscopic assessment of mesorectal excision (MAME) and to investigate factors that influenced surgical quality and disease recurrence.METHODS:All curative resections for rectal cancer were prospectively evaluated for MAME between 1998 and 2007. Mesorectal specimens were graded into 3 types: complete, nearly complete, and incomplete categories. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified independent risk factors for noncomplete mesorectum categories as well as local and overall tumor recurrence.RESULTS:Of 359 specimens, 294 (81.9%) underwent evaluation; 82.3% were “complete.” Abdominoperineal resection (APR) was the sole covariate associated with inadequate mesorectal excision (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7; P = .003). Independent predictors of local recurrence were circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement (OR = 3.6; P = .027) and noncomplete mesorectum (OR = 4.4; P = .008). CRM+ (OR = 3.1; P = .004), poorly differentiated tumors (OR = 14.2; P = .010), nodal involvement (OR = 2.9; P = .010), and APR (OR = 2.9; P = .006) were independent risk factors for overall recurrence. In lower third tumors, noncomplete mesorectum occurred more frequently in APR compared with sphincter‐saving procedures (31.1% vs 18.8%; P = .088).CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates the value of auditing MAME. Good proficiency of mesorectal excision is associated with lower tumor recurrences after curative surgery, and is a morphological tool found to be useful in clinical practice. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Targeted inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kapoor Anil , Figlin Robert A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractClinical trials have validated the importance of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a targeted mechanism in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Temsirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor that is approved for treatment of advanced RCC, has demonstrated both overall survival benefits and progression‐free survival benefits versus interferon‒α as first‐line treatment for patients with poor prognostic features. Exploratory subset analyses indicated that temsirolimus benefits patients with RCC regardless of tumor histology or nephrectomy status. Everolimus, the second mTOR inhibitor to demonstrate activity in RCC, improved progression‐free survival versus placebo in patients whose disease progressed after treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib, sorafenib, or both); benefit was observed for all risk groups. Deforolimus also exhibited antitumor activity against RCC in early clinical studies. There is now compelling clinical evidence for the effectiveness of targeting mTOR in the treatment of RCC. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression, CD3‐positive cell infiltration, and oxidative stress in premalignant lesions of the cervix
Authors: Carrero Yenddy , Callejas Diana , Alaña Freddy , Silva Chiquinquirá , Mindiola Raimy , Mosquera Jesús 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) progression. The occurrence of leukocytes has been documented in CIN; however, their role in VEGF production remains unknown. Oxidative stress has been involved in the progression of malignant neoplasias, but to the authors' knowledge tissue oxidative stress in CIN has not been documented. The objective of the current study was to investigate the expression of VEGF, leukocyte infiltration, leukocyte VEGF expression, and nitrogen/oxygen metabolism in cervical tissues from patients with CIN.METHODS:Indirect immunofluorescence was used to study the expression of VEGF and leukocyte infiltration in cervical samples from 55 patients with CIN and 7 normal controls. Superoxide anion (O2−) expression was determined by a cytochemical method, and tissue and serum nitric oxide by the Griess reaction. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and HPV types were identified by the hybrid capture 2 HPV DNA test.RESULTS:Increased expression of VEGF was observed related to the progression of CIN. A significant increment of CD3 lymphocytes was found in CIN type 3 (CIN 3) and coexpression of CD3/VEGF and monocyte‐macrophage/VEGF in CIN 2 and 3. Increased O2−‐positive cells were found in CIN 2 and 3; however, tissue nitrate‐nitrite content remained similar to controls. The incidence of HPV infection was 16% in patients with CIN. No significant differences were observed in the values of HPV‐positive or HPV‐negative patients.CONCLUSIONS:Different factors leading to cervical neoplasia progression may be involved in the evolution of CIN, and the presence of these factors is most likely not related to the HPV infection status. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.