bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constitution Water in Mantle‐derived Megacryst and Xenolith Pyroxene of an Ultrabasic Pipe in Anyuan, Jiangxi
Authors: Song YE , Baoming ZHANG , Jinru DI , Mei YANG , Delong YE 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper studies the hydrous facies of mantle‐derived megacryst clinopyroxenes and pyroxenes of xenoliths of pyroxenolite and spinel peridotite as well as garnet pyroxenolite in a kimberlitic lamprophyre pipe in Anyuan, Jiangxi, by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). It explores the relationship between the water content of pyroxene on the one hand and its composition and source depths on the other hand. All the samples contain constitution water. Spectra of the clinopyroxene are dominated by two groups of bands: 3607–3630 cm−1 and 3522–3542 cm−1. Spectra of the orthopyroxene are dominated by three groups of bands: 3410–3424 cm−1, 3510–3516 cm−1 and 3560–3595 cm−1. The water content of the clinopyroxenes has a positive correlation with their FeO and Al2O3 contents. The source depths of mantle‐derived clinopyroxene megacrysts, pyroxenolite, spinel peritotite and garnet pyroxenelite increase gradually in order. The Al2O3 and water contents of four pyroxenes have similar correlation with the source depths.
Determination of the Neoproterozoic Shicaogou Syn‐collisional Granite in the Eastern Qinling Mountains and Its Geological Implications
Authors: Danling CHEN , Liang LIU , Yong SUN , Anda ZHANG , Chengli ZHANG , Xiaoming LIU , Jinhai LUO 
Published: September 2010

Abstract The Shicaogou granite has been identified as a magnesian (Fe‐number=0.71–0.76), calcic to calc‐alkalic (MALI=3.84–5.76) and peraluminous (ASI=1.06–1.13) granite of the syn‐collisional S‐type, with high SiO2 (>71%), Al2O3 (>13%) and Na2O+K2O (6.28%–7.33%, equal for NaO2 and K2O). Trace element and REE analyses show that the granite is rich in LILE such as of Rb, Sr, Ba and Th, and poor in HFSE like Yb, Y, Zr and Hf. Its Rb/Sr ratio is greater than 1; the contents of Nb and Ta, and the ratio of Nb/Ta as well as the REE geochemical features (e.g. REE abundance, visible fractionation of LREE and HREE and medium to pronounced negative Eu anomalies) are all similar to those of crust‐origin, continent‐continent syn‐collisional granite. Moreover, the granite exhibits almost the same pattern as that of the typical continent‐continent syn‐collisional granite on the spider diagram and all samples fall within the syn‐collisional granite field.The cathodoluminescence (CL) investigations have revealed that the zircon from the Shicaogou granite represents a typical magmatic product characterized by its colorless, transparent and euhedral crystals, and distinct zoning of oscillatory bands. Residual cores of irregular zircon can be found in a few enhedral grains. Trace element studies of the zircon grains, with high contents of P, Y, Hf, Th, U and REE and high ratios of Th/U, obviously positive Ce anomalies and HREE enrichment compared to LREE, also result in the same conclusion.The LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb isotopic data from 24 spots of 21 zircon grains demonstrate that 20 spots in the oscillatory zone yield an average weighted 206Pb/238U age of 925±11 Ma, indicating that the Shicaogou granite was formed in the Neoproterozoic. Combined with other Neoproterozoic syn‐collisional granites found in the study area, the present geochronological determination can further reveal that collision‐amalgamation events could have occurred among some continental blocks in the Qinling orogenic belt during the Neoproterozoic. This in turn provides an accurate chronological constraint on the Neoproterozoic break‐up and convergence in the belt.
Experimental Study on Gold Dissolution from Hosting Minerals of the Hadamengou Gold Deposit and the Implications
Authors: Qiangzhi LI , Fengzeng YAN , Xinhu WANG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Hadamengou gold deposit is located in western part of the northern margin of the North China craton. It is a hydrothermal deposit related to alkaline magmatism. Dissolution of Au, Fe from pyrite and iron oxide (including magnetite and hematite) individual minerals in the three main types of ore shows: in iron oxides (magnetite and hematite), Au and Fe were dissolved simultaneously and their solubilities are positively correlated, which means Au is mainly chemical‐bonded (lattice gold) and/or colloidal‐adsorbed in iron oxides; while in pyrite, on the contrary, Au dissolution obviously lags behind Fe and the solubility of Au shows negative relationship with that of Fe, which indicates Au is mainly hosted as grains of elemental gold (or native gold) within pyrite. Previous studies revealed that the Hadamengou gold deposit is characterized by intensive K‐feldspathization and holds high content of iron oxides occasionally replaced by sulfides, which was caused by oxidizing K‐enriched alkaline fluids under a stretching geodynamic setting. These geological features, together with the high Au‐content in iron oxides, comparable with that of the Olympic Dam deposit in South Australia, suggest that this deposit is the first example of iron oxide‐type gold deposits in China.
Metallogenic Series Related to Permian Mafic Complex in North Xinjiang: Post‐collisional Stage or Mantle Plume Result?
Authors: Yuwang WANG , Jingbin WANG , Lijuan WANG , Lingli LONG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThere are four deposit types related to a Permian mafic complex in northern Xinjiang, i.e., copper‐nickel sulfide deposit, vanadic titanomagnetite deposit, magnetite (‐cobalt) deposit and Cu‐Ni‐VTiFe composite deposit. The deposits are distributed spanning tectonic units with close and consecutive metallogenic ages. A transitional deposit type can occur among the end‐member deposits. Trace elements of host rocks show that they can derive from similar source area. Hence, they constitute a particular metallogenic series related to a mafic‐ultramafic complex that is also a symbol series of the post‐collisional stage of the Central Asia Metallogenic Province (CAMP). The metallogenic ages of the series are between 260 Ma and 300 Ma throughout the Permian. Unlike mineralization from a mantle plume, the metallogenic period of this series spans at least 40 Ma. Compared with related deposits of the Emeishan mantle plume, the North Xinjiang series has a similar ore‐forming element assemblage but has preferably developed Cu‐Ni sulfide deposits rather than vanadic titanomagnetite deposits. In concomitance with this series, North Xinjiang area has developed a set of syntectonic Au‐Cu‐Mo metallogenic series related to a felsic volcanic‐intrusive complex, which might indicate that there is no direct relationship with mantle plume activity. From early to late, i.e., the sequence of copper‐nickel sulfide to magnetite (‐cobalt) to vanadic titanomagnetite deposit, the host rock series evolves from mafic‐ultramafic and tholeiite series to mafic and alkalic series, the ΣREE content tends to increase with increasing of REE fractionation, and some of the trace elements (particularly LIL) also show an increasing tendency. The above evolutionary regularity possibly reflects a course where the magma source deepens and thermal interface moves down, energy gradually exhausts, and neo‐continental crust forming in the post‐collision stage tends to stabilize.
Distribution Characteristics of Cobalt‐rich Ferromanganese Crust Resources on Submarine Seamounts in the Western Pacific
Authors: Fuyuan ZHANG , Weiyan ZHANG , Kechao ZHU , Shuitu GAO , Haisheng ZHANG , Xiaoyu ZHANG , Benduo ZHU 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBased on the survey data of five submarine seamount provinces (chains) in the Western Pacific, the distribution characteristics of cobalt‐rich ferromanganese crust resources have been researched in this paper by using the relative reference data and applying the theories of hotspot and seafloor spreading. The main research results obtained are as follows: The Co‐rich crust thickness in the study area is gradually increasing from east to west and from south to north having a negative correlation (r = −0.59) with longitude and a positive correlation (r = 0.48) with latitude. The crust thickness varying along longitude and latitude is influenced by the hotspot and seafloor spreading. The oceanic crusts and seamounts in the northwest part of the study area are older, and the crust resources are superior to those in the southeast part. In the depth of <1500 m, 1500–2000 m, 2000–2500 m in the study area, the cobalt crust thickness is respectively 5.45 cm, 4.34 cm and 3.55 cm, and in the depth of 2500–3000 m and 3000–3500 m, it drops respectively to 2.84 cm and 3.37 cm. The Co‐rich crust resources are mainly concentrated in the seamount summit margins and the upper flanks in the depth of <2500 m. There is a strong negative correlation (r = −0.67) between the cobalt crust abundance and the slope of the seamount, 75 kg/m2 and 50 kg/m2 at the slopes of 0°–20° and 20°–34° respectively. Cobalt crusts are mainly distributed in the parts whose slopes are less than 20°. It is consistent with the fractal result that the slope threshold of cobalt crust distribution is 19°, and slopes over 20° are not conducive to the crust growth. The cobalt crusts of high grade are mainly enriched in the region within 150°E‐140°W and 30°S‐30°N in the Pacific, where there are about 587 seamounts at the depth of 3500–6000 m and over 30 Ma of the oceanic crusts. The perspective area rich in cobalt crust resources is about 41times104 km2 and the resource quantity is approximately 27 billion tons.
Mineralization of a Proterozoic Sulfide Black Smoker Chimney and Thermophilous Microorganisms in Eastern Hebei, China
Authors: Xuehui XIA , Wei LIAN , Congjian YUAN , Fei YAN , Jiazhong YUAN 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA sulfide black smoker chimney exists in the Gaobanhe seabed exhalation massive sulfide deposit in the Xinglong‐Kuancheng secondary fault basin of the Proterozoic Yanliao rift trough in Hebei Province, taking the shape of mounds, individually about 2–3 cm high. Abundant fossils of thermophilous bacteria and algae in perfect preservation are found in the ore surrounding the black smoker chimney. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular biomarker studies on the microorganismal ore fabric show that the microorganism in the sulfide ore is in fact a sedimentary product of probiotic bacteria and algae. In the special food chain based on black smoker chimney at ancient seabed‐ thermophilous bacteria, the thermophilous bacteria and algae reproduce in large quantity. Intermittently erupting of fluid from the chimney creats conditions for formation of sulfide deposit. In the process of exhalation action of hot fluid, thermophilous bacteria and algae grow and reproduce around the sulfide black smoker chimney, absorbing mineralizing substances brought by the fluid. Massive sulfide deposits are formed in this process of absorption of seabed black smoker chimney exhalation‐mineralizing fluid pulsation‐thermophilous microorganism.
Multifractal Analysis of Element Distribution in Skarn‐type Deposits in the Shizishan Orefield, Tongling Area, Anhui Province, China
Authors: Qingfei WANG , Jun DENG , Li WAN , Jie ZHAO , Qingjie GONG , Liqiang YANG , Lei ZHOU , Zhijun ZHANG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA series of element concentrations sampled from four drill cores with a length about 1000 m into different skarn‐type deposits were selected from the Shizishan orefield, central Tongling, southeastern part of Anhui Province. Using the multifractal method, the distribution and migration characteristics of the major and trace elements are analyzed. The multifractal spectrum of the major elements is left‐skewed, whereas the spectrum of the trace elements is right‐skewed, which shows that in the process of skarn formation, the trace elements were enriched only locally, and major elements transported within a much larger range. The correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters Δa (width of the multifractal spectrum) of the four drill cores are relatively low, but the correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters R (spectrum symmetry parameter) and Δf are relatively higher, indicating that although the non‐homogeneous intensity of the distribution of elements is inconsistent, their spatial accumulation patterns are almost the same during the ore‐forming process. The statistics of the multifractal parameters of various elements in the different locations show that the ore‐forming processes and element migration pattern in the Shizishan orefield are consistent, and that the migrations of trace elements and major elements exhibit some differences.
Anaerobic Biodegradation of Tetrachloroethylene with Acetic Acid as Cometabolism Substrate under Anaerobic Condition
Authors: Ye LI , Fei LIU , Honghan CHEN , Jinhua SHI , Yufan WANG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA series of batch‐type experiments with acetate acid as the primary substrate were performed using enrichment cultures developed from the anaerobic sludge to investigate the effect of acetate acid on tetrachloroethylene (PCE) biodegradation. Experimental results indicated that acetate acid was an efficient electron donor in affecting the biotransformability of PCE. Trichloroethylene (TCE) was the primary dehalogenation product, and small amounts of dichloroethylenes (DCEs) were also detected. No significant further DCEs degradation was detected. PCE degradation rate in the experiment was 36.6 times faster than background rate in natural groundwater.
Study on Assessment of Mine Environments
Authors: Qiang WU , Wei LI , Ruijun LI 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMine environmental evaluation is the key to mine environmental study. On the basis of the characteristics of the mine environmental problems, they are classified into (1) three wastes problem, (2) ground distortion, (3) contradiction among mine drainage, water supply, ecological environment, (4) desertification, and (5) soil erosion. The evaluation is the basis of mine environmental problem classification and investigation, mine environmental rehabilitation, and the information system constructed can be used for subsequent research of evaluation techniques. A synthetic assessment of the 5 kinds of mine environmental problems can be divided into single‐factor or multi‐factor synthetic assessments; while by the viewpoint of time, the mine environmental assessment can be classified as the historical assessment, the current status assessment and the forecasting assessment.
Selection and Basic Properties of the Buffer Material for High‐Level Radioactive Waste Repository in China
Authors: Zhijian WEN 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRadioactive wastes arising from a wide range of human activities are in many different physical and chemical forms, contaminated with varying radioactivity. Their common features are the potential hazard associated with their radioactivity and the need to manage them in such a way as to protect the human environment. The geological disposal is regarded as the most reasonable and effective way to safely disposing high‐level radioactive wastes in the world. The conceptual model of geological disposal in China is based on a multi‐barrier system that combines an isolating geological environment with an engineered barrier system. The buffer is one of the main engineered barriers for HLW repository. It is expected to maintain its low water permeability, self‐sealing property, radio nuclides adsorption and retardation properties, thermal conductivity, chemical buffering property, canister supporting property, and stress buffering property over a long period of time. Bentonite is selected as the main content of buffer material that can satisfy the above requirements. The Gaomiaozi deposit is selected as the candidate supplier for China's buffer material of high level radioactive waste repository. This paper presents the geological features of the GMZ deposit and basic properties of the GMZ Na‐bentonite. It is a super‐large deposit with a high content of montmorillonite (about 75%), and GMZ‐1, which is Na‐bentonite produced from GMZ deposit is selected as the reference material for China's buffer material study.
Groundwater Systems and Resources in the Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Guangcai HOU , Yongping LIANG , Xiaosi SU , Zhenghong ZHAO , Zhengping TAO , Lihe YIN , Yuncheng YANG , Xiaoyong WANG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Ordos Basin is a large‐scale sedimentary basin in northwestern China. The hydrostratigraphic units from bottom to top are pre‐Cambrian metamorphic rocks, Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks, Upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic clastic rocks and Cenozoic deposits. The total thickness is up to 6000 m. Three groundwater systems are present in the Ordos Basin, based on the geological settings, i.e. the karst groundwater system, the Cretaceous clastic groundwater system and the Quaternary groundwater system. This paper describes systematically the groundwater flow patterns of each system and overall assessment of groundwater resources.
Aggregating Incomplete Lists of Journal Rankings: An Application to Academic Accounting Journals*
Authors: COOK WADE D. , RAVIV TAL , RICHARDSON ALAN J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe introduce a branch‐and‐cut algorithm to aggregate published journal rankings based on subsets of the accounting literature in order to create a consensus ranking. The aggregate ranking allows specialist and regional journals, which may only be ranked in a limited number of studies, to be placed with respect to each other and with respect to the generalist journals that are usually included in ranking studies. The approach we develop is a significant advance over ad hoc approaches to aggregating journal rankings that have appeared in the literature and may provide a theoretically sound and replicable basis for further exploration of the concept of journal quality and the stability of journal rankings over time and ranking methods.
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Indicators: Measuring Hydrophilanthropic Quality
Authors: Sternlieb Faith R. , Laituri Melinda 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:The driving institutional mechanisms behind solutions for increasing access to water, sanitation and hygiene for the poor are driven by hydrophilanthropy, monies donated by non‐government organizations to create solutions to problems caused by water poverty. Water poverty is the stress and/or scarcity of water resources (institutional, social, economic, political and/or physical constraints) that exceed an individual's basic needs for health, prosperity and a secure livelihood. Hydrophilanthropic organizations have emerged from the institutional landscape as water advocates and are responsible for contributing unequivocal resources towards ameliorating social, environmental, cultural and economic consequences resulting from water poverty, however, results from their contributions have been overlooked by policy makers. Questions for future research on the role of the hydro‐philanthropic community include: what is the rationale for hydro‐philanthropy to fund programs aimed at increasing access to water? And, does funding from hydrophilanthropy determine policy or does policy determine what is funded?
International Cooperation and Water Resources Management: Hydrophilanthropy, Sustainable Development, and Sustainable co‐Development
Authors: Fried Jean 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:The paradigm of sustainable development as a strategy of dialogue and communication is of growing interest in the context of international cooperation, in a world of economic, environmental, and societal and demographic interdependence. After a brief discussion of the complexity of the concept of sustainable development, contributing to the difficulty of an operational definition, we introduce sustainable co‐development as an operational set of principles and tools for the practical implementation of sustainable development policies in international cooperation, based on mutual trust, shared responsibilities and mutual benefits. Taking history and culture of all partners into account as a facilitator of mutual trust and promoting the role of civil society to increase the sense of responsibility of the partners, sustainable co‐development introduces ethical values in economic relationships, combining the generosity of hydro‐humanity and hydro‐philanthropy and the search for mutual benefits, which is a good condition of sound international cooperation.
Rethinking Hydrophilanthropy: Smart Money for Transformative Impact
Authors: Breslin Edward D. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:The water sector is dominated by a handful of images – poor people collecting water from unprotected sources, or the converse of a happy child lapping fresh water from a newly provided water source. While compelling, this imagery is not entirely accurate. Sadly, the water sector does not have a particularly good track record of transformative success, despite the rhetoric and imagery to the contrary. A better picture might be one of a woman walking past a broken water point, on her way back to the polluted water source she had hoped was abandoned forever. The water sector needs to be held accountable for previous investments in new ways. Two ideas are offered – shifting from 100 percent grants that can absolve communities and local governments of their responsibilities for financing water supplies over time, and rethinking beneficiaries as the only real impact indicator in the sector.
Vertical dimensions of suspended horses
Authors: CLUTTON R. E. , CHASE‐TOPPING M. , SQUIRES R. , LAWSON H. , MINARD H. , ROSE S. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryReasons for study: The dimensions of anaesthetised hobbled horses during suspension and transfer onto the operating table are unknown. These data are required for the cost‐effective construction of equine surgical facilities.Objectives: To measure the distance from the toe to dependent back margin (Bsusp) and poll (Psusp) of anaesthetised suspended horses and correlate them with readily obtained measures from standing animals.Methods: Digital photographs of suspended horses were taken in the anaesthesia induction box at a fixed position that allowed trigonometric determination of Bsusp and Psusp. These values were linked with body mass, height at the withers (Wstand), the length of the crest from the poll to the withers (crest) and of the back (back) from the withers to the crop, by deriving an equine morphological index (EMI) using principal component analysis. The EMI and other linear variables were then subjected to single variable regression analysis.Results: EMI was 0.531mass(kg)+ 0.528Wstand(cm)+ 0.469crest(cm)+ 0.468back(cm). Bsusp was most accurately estimated using the expression Bsusp= 118.71 + 0.128EMI while Psusp was most strongly associated with Wstand, i.e. Psusp= 46.9 + 1.01Wstand(cm).Conclusions: The height of suspended horses at the most ventral margin of the back and the poll can be estimated from measures taken from the standing animal.Potential relevance: The data will allow the more informed planning and construction of equine surgical facilities in which mechanical hoists are used.