bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling changing sediment sources in a Mediterranean mountain catchment: a Bayesian fingerprinting approach
Authors: D'Haen Koen , Verstraeten Gert , Dusar Bert , Degryse Patrick , Haex Jill , Waelkens Marc 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTo determine the provenance of Holocene floodplain deposits of the Büğdüz catchment in southwest Turkey, a Bayesian fingerprinting approach was used. An important requirement for any provenance study is that the potential sediment sources show sufficient spatial and compositional heterogeneity. The spatial distribution of potential sources, in this case the various lithologies present within the catchment, was mapped using field observations and ASTER and Quickbird satellite images. To distinguish the source lithologies, a set of geochemical tracers was identified using linear discriminant analysis. This optimum fingerprint was then used in the mixing model to determine the sediment provenance. The Bayesian mixing model uses Markov chain Monte Carlo random walks to determine the most probable source composition and mixing proportions. The uncertainty associated with the input data can be incorporated into the model through prior probability distributions. The spread of the posterior probability distributions represents the uncertainty associated with the mixing proportion calculation. The main contrasts in the provenance of the floodplain deposits reflect the spatial distribution of potential sediment sources throughout the catchment. There are, however, also important temporal variations in sediment provenance and lateral differences due to the nature of floodplain build‐up. The observed spatial and temporal variability of sediment provenance gives a first indication that hill slope‐channel and within‐channel coupling relations are not uniform through the catchment and that different locations showed a distinct response to disturbances. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sediment storage in the reach of the middle Yellow River located in the Fenwei Graben, China
Authors: Xu Jiongxin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFenwei Graben is a famous sediment sink. The Longmen‐Sanmexia sediment sink of middle Yellow River is located in the middle part. Using the sediment budget based on annual data from the period 1920–2006 and flood‐event data from 154 flood events from the period 1950–1985, the variations in sediment storage, release and transport have been analysed. Data from different methods and sources indicate that, during an 1800‐year period, the variation of sedimentation rate in this sink has undergone a cycle from increase to decline; the cause for this can be found in the changes in the manner and intensity of human activities. Over 87 years, sediment storage in this sink can be separated into four stages which showed different trends, depending on changing human activities, such as reservoir construction, soil and water conservation and water diversion. Stepwise multiple regression shows that the runoff and sediment yield from three major source areas have differing influences on sediment storage in the sink. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of appropriate lags and temporal resolutions for low flow indicators in the River Rhine to forecast low flows with different lead times
Authors: Demirel Mehmet C. , Booij Martijn J. , Hoekstra Arjen Y. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to assess the relative importance of low flow indicators for the River Rhine and to identify their appropriate temporal lag and resolution. This is done in the context of low flow forecasting with lead times of 14 and 90 days. First, the Rhine basin is subdivided into seven sub‐basins. By considering the dominant processes in the sub‐basins, five low flow indicators were selected: precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, groundwater storage, snow storage and lake storage. Correlation analysis was then carried out to determine the relationship between observed low flows and preselected indicators with varying lags (days) and temporal resolutions (from 1 day to 7 months).The results show that the most important low flow indicators in the Alpine sub‐basins for forecasts with a lead time of 14 days are potential evapotranspiration with a large lag and temporal resolution, and lake levels with a small lag and temporal resolution. In the other sub‐basins groundwater levels with a small lag and temporal resolution are important in addition to potential evapotranspiration with a large lag and temporal resolution. The picture is slightly different for forecasts with a lead time of 90 days. The snow storage in the Alpine sub‐basins and the precipitation in the other sub‐basins also become relevant for low flows. Consequently, the most important low flow indicators in the Alpine sub‐basins for forecasts with a lead time of 90 days are potential evapotranspiration with a large lag and temporal resolution, lake levels with a small lag and temporal resolution and snow storage with a small lag and large temporal resolution. The resultant correlation maps provide appropriate lags and temporal resolutions for indicators to forecast low flows in the River Rhine with different lead times. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug release and bone growth studies of antimicrobial peptide‐loaded calcium phosphate coating on titanium
Authors: Kazemzadeh‐Narbat Mehdi , Noordin Shahryar , Masri Bassam A. , Garbuz Donald S. , Duncan Clive P. , Hancock Robert E. W. , Wang Rizhi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPreventing infection is one of the major challenges in total hip and joint arthroplasty. The main concerns of local drug delivery as a solution have been the evolution of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and the potential inhibition of osseointegration caused by the delivery systems. This work investigated the in vitro drug release, antimicrobial performance, and cytotoxicity, as well as the in vivo bone growth of an antimicrobial peptide loaded into calcium phosphate coated Ti implants in a rabbit model. Two potent AMP candidates (HHC36: KRWWKWWRR, Tet213: KRWWKWWRRC) were first investigated through an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. MTT absorbance values revealed that HHC36 showed much lower cytotoxicity (minimal cytotoxic concentration 200 μg/mL) than Tet 213 (50 μg/mL). The AMP HHC36 loaded onto CaP (34.7 ± 4.2 μg/cm2) had a burst release during the first few hours followed by a slow and steady release for 7 days as measured spectrophotometrically. The CaP‐AMP coatings were antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in colony‐forming units (CFU) in vitro assays. No cytotoxicity was observed on CaP‐AMP samples against MG‐63 osteoblast‐like cells after 5 days in vitro. In a trabecular bone growth in vivo study using cylindrical implants, loading of AMP HHC36 did not impair bone growth onto the implants. Significant bone on‐growth was observed on CaP‐coated Ti with or without HHC36 loading, as compared with Ti alone. The current AMP‐CaP coating thus offers in vivo osteoconductivity to orthopedic implants. It also offers in vitro antimicrobial property, with its in vivo performance to be confirmed in future animal infection models. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptors mediate acid‐induced mucin secretion via Ca2+ influx in human airway epithelial cells
Authors: Yu Hongmei , Li Qi , Zhou Xiangdong , Kolosov Victor P. , Perelman Juliy M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMucin hypersecretion is a key pathological feature of inflammatory respiratory diseases. Previous studies have reported that acids (gastroesophageal reflux or environmental exposure) induce many respiratory symptoms and are implicated in the pathophysiology of obstructive airway diseases. To understand these mechanisms, we measured acid‐induced mucin secretion in human bronchial epithelial cells. In the present study, acid induced inward currents of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)1 and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) secretion dose dependently, which were inhibited by TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine in a concentration‐dependent manner. TRPV1 agonist capsaicin mediated a concentration‐dependent increase in TRPV1 inward currents and MUC5AC secretion. Furthermore, capsaicin enhanced acid‐induced TRPV1 inward currents and MUC5AC secretion. Acid‐induced Ca2+ influx was prevented by capsazepine dose dependently and enhanced by capsaicin. Pretreatment only with capsaicin also increased the Ca2+ concentration in a concentration‐dependent manner. These data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of calcium‐permeable TRPV1 receptors could be used to prevent acid‐induced mucin secretion, thereby providing a potential mechanism to reduce their toxicity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:179–186, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20413
Measurement of infant tongue thickness using ultrasound: A technical note
Authors: Capilouto Gilson J. , Frederick Eric D. , Challa Harigovinda 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNovel uses of ultrasound include obtaining images of intra‐oral structures to further research in speech production and feeding. In this technical note we describe a noninvasive, cost‐effective, and reliable method for measuring infant tongue muscle thickness. The current pilot study demonstrates high reliability of a trained ultrasonographer to obtain adequate images of the infant tongue and the ability to measure reliably between two anatomic landmarks to determine tongue thickness and investigate a potential relationship between tongue size and tongue force. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012
The effect of displacement on the mechanical properties of human cadaver subsynovial connective tissue
Authors: Vanhees Matthias , Morizaki Yutaka , Thoreson Andrew R. , Larson Dirk , Zhao Chunfeng , An Kai‐Nan , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) in the carpal tunnel may participate in the origin of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), yet material properties of the SSCT have not been well‐characterized. We investigated the response of the SSCT to repeated ramp stretch tests. Eight human cadaver wrists were used. The physiological excursion of the flexor digitorum superficialis of the third digit (FDS 3) was measured, starting from a neutral position to maximal flexion of the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. The FDS 3 tendon was pulled to 40%, 60%, 90%, and 120% of the physiological excursion. Two “ramp stretch” cycles were performed at every excursion level, except for 120% of excursion, where three cycles were performed. The ratio of energy absorbed between the second (E2) and first (E1) ramp stretch was 0.94 (SD = 0.07) for 60%, 0.84 (SD = 0.11) for 90%, and 0.68 (SD = 0.11) for 120% of the physiological excursion. A significant decrease occurred in energy absorbed after the first ramp stretch cycle at 90% and 120% of the physiological excursion, which was not seen at 60%. Our data are consistent with a stepwise damage occurring in the SSCT. Furthermore, the damage seems to initiate within the physiological range of tendon excursion. This finding may be important in understanding the pathophysiology of conditions that are associated with SSCT pathology, such as carpal tunnel syndrome. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1732–1737, 2012
Shoot cadmium concentration of soil‐grown plants as related to their root properties
Authors: Stritsis Christos , Steingrobe Bernd , Claassen Norbert 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is toxic to plants, animals, and humans. However, different plant species growing on the same soil may have very different shoot Cd concentrations depending on properties such as size of the root system, Cd net influx, shoot‐growth rate, Cd translocation from root to shoot, and the ability to affect Cd availability in the soil. To investigate possible reasons for different shoot Cd concentrations maize, sunflower, flax, and spinach were grown on an acid sandy soil (pH<$>_{{\rm{(CaCl}}_{\rm{2}} {\rm)}<$> 4.5, and Corg 2.8%) in a growth chamber with Cd additions as Cd(NO3)2 of none, 14, and 40 μmol (kg soil)–1 resulting in Cd soil‐solution concentrations of 0.04, 0.68, and 2.5 μM. Only the high Cd addition caused a significant growth reduction of flax and spinach. The shoot Cd concentration was up to 30 times higher in spinach than in maize; the other species were intermediate. Of the plant properties studied only the variation of the Cd net influx explained the differences in shoot Cd concentrations. This was due to a decreased (maize, sunflower) or increased (flax) Cd concentration in soil solution or more effective uptake kinetics (spinach).
First bite syndrome: Incidence, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes
Authors: Linkov Gary , Morris Luc G. T. , Shah Jatin P. , Kraus Dennis H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:First bite syndrome (FBS) refers to facial pain characterized by a severe cramping or spasm in the parotid region with the first bite of each meal that diminishes over the next several bites.1, 2 It is a potential sequela of surgery involving the infratemporal fossa (ITF), parapharyngeal space (PPS), and/or deep lobe of the parotid gland. The incidence, risk factors, treatment options, and outcomes of FBS are poorly understood. We hypothesized that certain clinical and tumor variables independently predict the development of FBS.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:We reviewed the records of 499 patients (mean age, 50 years; range, 12–81 years) undergoing surgery of the deep lobe of the parotid gland, PPS, and/or ITF between 1992 and 2010. Minimum follow‐up time was 3 months (median, 39 months). Patient, tumor, and FBS characteristics were analyzed. Incidence was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify independent risk factors for FBS. Patients developing FBS were interviewed to assess the efficacy of various treatment modalities.Results:FBS developed in 45 patients (incidence, 9.6%), at a mean time of 97 (range, 6–877) days from surgery. On multivariate analysis, three variables were significant independent risk factors for FBS: sympathetic chain sacrifice (odds ratio [OR], 4.7; P = .008), PPS dissection (OR, 8.7; P = .001), and resection of only the deep lobe of the parotid gland (OR, 4.2; P = .002). FBS developed in 48.6% of patients undergoing sympathetic chain sacrifice, 22.4% of patients undergoing PPS dissection, 38.4% of patients undergoing isolated deep lobe parotid resection, and 0.8% of patients undergoing total parotidectomy. Partial resolution of FBS symptoms occurred in 69% and complete resolution in 12%. Of 45 FBS patients, 15 (33%) underwent at least one type of treatment for symptomatic relief. No treatment consistently provided effective symptomatic relief.Conclusions:The strongest independent risk factors for FBS are PPS dissection, deep lobe of parotid resection, and sympathetic chain sacrifice. Patients undergoing surgery with dissection and/or manipulation in these anatomical sites and structures should be thoroughly counseled about the risk of developing FBS. Laryngoscope, 2012
On The Incompatibility of Dextran and Pullulan in Aqueous Solutions and Its Modeling
Authors: Eckelt Anja , Eckelt John , Schärtl Wolfgang , Wolf Bernhard A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractJoint aqueous solutions of branched dextran and linear pullulan are investigated with respect to their phase separation. The experiments demonstrate that the polymers are – depending on the molar mass of dextran – incompatible in aqueous solutions despite their chemical similarity. This finding can be modeled on the basis of an approach accounting for chain connectivity and conformational relaxation of the components. According to these calculations, the polymers exhibit a miscibility gap in joint solutions despite the favorable interactions between them. Using information on the subsystems H2O/dextran and H2O/pullulan, the assumption of complete miscibility of the polysaccharides is required to model the observed phase separation. This analysis predicts the existence of two islands of immiscibility for the ternary system.
Efficient derivation of bovine embryonic stem cells needs more than active core pluripotency factors
Authors: Maruotti Julien , Muñoz Marta , Degrelle Severine A. , Gómez Enrique , Louet Claire , Monforte Carmen Díez , de Longchamp Priscille Huot , Brochard Vincent , Hue Isabelle , Caamaño José Nestor , Jouneau Alice 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPluripotency can be captured in vitro, providing that the culture environment meets the requirements that avoid differentiation while stimulating self‐renewal. From studies in the mouse embryo, two kinds of pluripotent stem cells have been obtained from the early and late epiblast, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), representing the naive and primed states, respectively. All attempts to derive convincing ESCs in ungulates have been unsuccessful, although all attempts were based on the assumption that the conditions used to derive mouse ESCs or human ESC could be applied in other species. Pluripotent cells derived in primates, rabbit, and pig strongly indicate that the state of pluripotency of these cells is, in fact, closer to EpiSCs than to ESCs, and thus depend on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and Activin signaling pathways. Based on this observation, we have tried to derive EpiSC from the epiblast of bovine elongated embryos as well as ESCs from Day‐8 blastocysts. We here show that the core transcription factors Oct4/Sox2/Nanog can be used as markers of pluripotency in the bovine since their expression was restricted to the developing epiblast after Day 8, and disappeared following differentiation of both the ESC‐like and EpiSC‐like cultures. Although FGF and Activin pathways are indeed present and active in the bovine, it is not sufficient/enough to maintain a long‐term pluripotency ex vivo, as was reported for mouse and pig EpiSCs. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79:461–477, 2012. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of simvastatin on passive strain‐induced skeletal muscle injury in rats
Authors: Tomazoni Shaiane Silva , Leal‐Junior Ernesto Cesar Pinto , Pallotta Rodney Capp , De Godoi Vanessa , Rossi Rafael Paolo , Frigo LÚcio , Leonardo Patrícia Sardinha , De Almeida Patrícia , Lopes‐Martins Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroduction: HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors are the most frequently prescribed drugs for treatment of lipid imbalance, but they have side effects, such as myopathy. Our aim was to assess the effect of simvastatin on the inflammatory process induced by skeletal muscle injury. Methods: Rats were divided into experimental groups [control group, simvastatin (20 mg/kg) group, group treated with simvastatin (20 mg/kg) and subjected to injury, and group subjected to injury only]. Histological analysis and analyses of creatine kinase activity and C‐reactive protein were performed. Results: Animals treated with simvastatin exhibited significantly greater morphological and structural skeletal muscle damage in comparison to the control group and injured animals without treatment. Conclusions: Although simvastatin has a small anti‐inflammatory effect in the early stage after a muscle strain injury, the overall picture is negative, as simvastatin increases the extent of damage to muscle morphology. Further studies are needed. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Optimal time‐point for neural stem cell transplantation to delay denervated skeletal muscle atrophy
Authors: Lin Sen , Xu Lei , Hu Shaonan , Zhang Changqing , Wang Yang , Xu Jianguang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroduction:Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a promising treatment to delay denervated skeletal muscle atrophy; however, the optimal time‐point between peripheral nerve injury and NSC transplantation needs to be determined.Methods:Improvement in rat gastrocnemius muscle function was evaluated after NSCs were transplanted into sectioned distal tibial nerves. We also assessed survival and differentiation. ANOVA was used to compare the mean value of the number of neuron‐like cells, cross‐sectional area amelioration, the amount of activated fibers, and latency and amplitude of the gastrocnemius compound muscle action potential.Results:The group in which the NSCs were transplanted 1 week after tibial nerve transection had the largest number of neuron‐like cells, maximum cross‐sectional area amelioration, and maximum amount of activated gastrocnemius fibers compared with all other groups (P < 0.01).Conclusions:The optimal time‐point for NSC transplantation for delaying denervated skeletal muscle atrophy is 1 week after severing the nerve. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Robust quantized feedback stabilization of linear systems based on sliding mode control
Authors: Zheng Bo‐Chao , Yang Guang‐Hong 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the robust quantized feedback stabilization problem for a class of single‐input linear uncertain systems on the basis of sliding mode control schemes. It is assumed that the system signals including the system state and control input are quantized before being transmitted through digital communication channels. A static adjustment policy of the quantization parameter for dynamic quantizers is developed. With the adjustment of the quantization parameter, a sliding mode control strategy is designed to ensure the reachability of the sliding manifold, and then, the system is induced into the stable sliding motion thereafter. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Origin of trisomy: no evidence to support the ovarian mosaicism theory
Authors: Morris Charlotte Rose , Haigh Shaun , Cuthbert Gavin , Crosier Moira , Harding Fiona , Wolstenholme John 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTrisomy is the most common type of chromosome abnormality, affecting 4% of clinically recognised pregnancies, of which, trisomies 16, 21 and 22 are the most prevalent. It has been suggested that a large proportion of maternally derived trisomic pregnancies, specifically trisomy 21, are the result of low‐level ovarian mosaicism. In this study, we aimed to reproduce these previously published results on trisomy 21 and investigate the other common maternally derived trisomies (i.e. trisomies 16 and 22) by determining chromosome copy number in fetal ovarian and control skin cells.MethodsOvarian and control skin tissue was collected from eight karyotypically normal female fetuses of between 10 and 14 weeks gestation, which were terminated for social reasons. Tissues were dissociated and fluorescence in situ hybridisation was performed with break‐apart probes: CBFβ (16q22), RUNX1 (21q22) and EWSR1 (22q12).ResultsA small number of trisomic cells, 13 out of 51 146 cells examined (0.025%), were identified in both ovarian and control skin samples. Only three of these trisomic cells were present in the fetal ovarian tissue.ConclusionThis study found no evidence of fetal ovarian mosaicism for trisomies 16, 21 and 22. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Crown copyright.