bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bryozoan assemblages of the Gulpen Formation (upper Campanian – upper Maastrichtian) in the Liège-Limburg area (Belgium, the Netherlands)
Authors: Kesselhut Oliver , Goffings Luc , Vellekoop Johan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Renewed interest in bryozoan assemblages from the various members of the Gulpen Formation (upper Campanian–upper Maastrichtian) in the Liège-Limburg area (southeast Netherlands and northeast Belgium) during recent years has resulted in the discovery of a number of species previously unrecorded from the area. Nineteen species are here recorded from the Zeven Wegen, Vijlen, Lixhe and Lanaye members (Gulpen Formation) in the study area, occurring in three distinct assemblages. The vast majority of the bryozoan taxa belong to the order Cheilostomata; only two taxa are assigned to the order Cyclostomata. The species recorded here are Clinopora aff. costulata, Disporella obvallata, ‘Vincularia’ (sensu lato) marssoniana, Herpetopora laxata, Heteroconopeum ovatum, Wilbertopora aff. oxyteichos, Biaviculigera sacerdotalis, Semiflustrella britannica, Aechmellina anglica, Escharifora papyracea, Onychocella cyclostoma, Onychocella cylindrica, Onychocella matrona, Rhebasia disparilis, Stichomicropora sicksi, Coscinopleura elegans, Coscinopleura lamourouxi, Pachydermopora pachyderma and Beisselina aviculifera. While not previously recorded from the Liège-Limburg area, the bryozoan taxa identified from the Gulpen Formation are well known from coeval Cretaceous strata elsewhere in Europe, North America and Russia, highlighting their broad palaeobiogeographical distribution.
Statistical machine translation for Indic languages
Authors: Das Sudhansu Bala , Panda Divyajyoti , Mishra Tapas Kumar , Patra Bidyut Kr. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStatistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems use various probabilistic and statistical Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods to automatically translate from one language to another language while retaining the originality of the context. This paper aims to discuss the development of bilingual SMT models for translating English into fifteen low-resource Indic languages (ILs) and vice versa. The process to build the SMT model is described and explained using a workflow diagram. Samanantar and OPUS corpus are utilized for training, and Flores200 corpus is used for fine-tuning and testing purposes. The paper also highlights various preprocessing methods used to deal with corpus noise. The Moses open-source SMT toolkit is being investigated for the system’s development. The impact of distance-based reordering and Morpho-syntactic Descriptor Bidirectional Finite-State Encoder (msd-bidirectional-fe) reordering on ILs is compared in the paper. This paper provides a comparison of SMT models with Neural Machine Translation (NMT) for ILs. All the experiments assess the translation quality using standard metrics such as BiLingual Evaluation Understudy, Rank-based Intuitive Bilingual Evaluation Score, Translation Edit Rate, and Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit Ordering. From the result, it is observed that msd-bidirectional-fe reordering performs better than the distance-based reordering model for ILs. It is also noticed that even though the IL-English and English-IL systems are trained using the same corpus, the former performs better for all the evaluation metrics. The comparison between SMT and NMT shows that across various languages, SMT performs better in some cases, while NMT outperforms in others.
Designing out microplastic pollution released from textiles and apparel during laundering
Authors: Allen Elisabeth , Henninger Claudia E. , Wood Jane , Garforth Arthur , Asuquo Edidiong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The washing of synthetic materials has been named as the largest contributor of microplastic pollution to our oceans. With the consumption of petrochemical-based synthetic materials expected to grow, due to an increased demand, the release of microplastic fibres to our environments is expected to also accelerate. To combat microplastic fibre release, this study explores source-directed interventions within the design and manufacturing process of textiles to reduce the amount of pollution released from the surface and the edges of the fabric structure. Using standardised wash tests and polyester fabric swatches that were created in-house with systematic structural adjustments, single jersey knit fabrics were shown to release over three times more microplastic pollution than twill woven fabric. This illustrates that increasing the tightness of a fabric could be implemented within the design of fabrics for environmental benefits. Additionally, the laser cutting technique reduced microplastic fibres released by over a third compared to scissor cutting and overlock serging, showing that the edge of the fabric is a significant source of microplastic pollution released during laundering. This research highlights the adaptable and innovative eco-design approaches to clothing production which is necessary to help the sector reach international sustainability targets and regulations.
Epidemiology and diversity of gastrointestinal tract helminths of wild ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa: a review
Authors: Phetla V. , Chaisi M. , Malatji M.P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This review summarises studies on distribution, diversity, and prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections in wild ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa. The results showed that 109 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) helminth species or species complexes were recorded in 10 sub-Saharan African countries. South Africa reported the highest number of species because most studies were carried out in this country. Eighty-eight nematode species or species complexes were recorded from 30 wild ruminant species across eight countries. The genus Trichostrongylus recorded the highest number of species and utilised the highest number of wild ruminant species, and along with Haemonchus spp., was the most widely distributed geographically. Fifteen trematode species or species complexes were reported from seven countries. The genus Paramphistomum recorded the highest number of species, and Calicophoron calicophoron was the most commonly occurring species in sub-Saharan African countries and infected the highest number of hosts. Six cestode species or species complexes from one family were documented from 14 wild hosts in seven countries. Moniezia spp. were the most commonly distributed in terms of host range and geographically. Impala were infected by the highest number of nematodes, whilst Nyala were infected by the highest number of trematode species. Greater kudu and Impala harbored the largest number of cestodes. The prevalence amongst the three GIT helminths taxa ranged between 1.4% and 100% for nematodes, 0.8% and 100% for trematodes, and 1.4% and 50% for cestodes. There is still limited information on the distribution and diversity of GIT helminths in wild ruminants in most sub-Saharan African countries.
Animal Trouble: Arendt and the Question of Anthropocentrism
Authors: Gündoğdu Ayten 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article examines animals and animality in Hannah Arendt's political thought by focusing on the phenomenological approach she develops in The Life of the Mind. Building on the works of Adolf Portmann and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Arendt invites us to understand the world in terms of the plurality of all living things who appear to each other in anticipation of being perceived in their distinctness. While Arendt's phenomenology is generative for rethinking politics beyond human exclusivity, it also sits uneasily with her anthropocentric claims that risk reducing animals to reactive organisms driven by biological necessity. Mobilizing Arendt's phenomenology against her anthropocentrism, the article outlines a worldly politics in which all living things engage in multitudinous forms of intra- and interspecies encounter, reciprocity, and responsiveness. To illustrate this worldly politics, the article revisits Arendt's famous call for “a right to have rights” and engages with the debates on animal rights.
Towards an abolitionist feminist peace: State violence, anti-militarism, and the Women, Peace and Security agenda
Authors: Wright Hannah , Achilleos-Sarll Columba 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ever more doubts are being raised over the ‘transformative potential’ of the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda and whether it brings us closer to realising feminist peace. Underpinning a current of WPS activism and scholarship is a radical conceptualisation of feminist peace rooted in anti-militarism, anti-capitalism, and anti-imperialism. This strand shares many commonalities with abolition feminism, yet the two literatures and movements are rarely put in conversation. While both begin from similar political commitments and analyses of the international system, they propose radically different solutions for bringing about feminist liberation. Building on this observation, we ask: (1) how would abolition feminism explain why the WPS agenda has often failed to make progress towards a radical vision of feminist peace?; and, as a corollary, (2) what does abolition feminism demand of the WPS agenda? First, using the framework of ‘reformist’ and ‘non-reformist reforms’, we argue that many WPS policies are better understood as reformist rather than transformative. Second, we argue that abolitionist thinking suggests deeper critiques of WPS than those often put forward by its anti-militarist critics, based on a broader conceptualisation of militarism. Ultimately, abolition feminism demands non-reformist, anti-carceral solutions that raise challenging questions about pathways towards feminist peace.
Diet quality, diet motives and nutrition literacy of vegans, vegetarians and semi-vegetarians
Authors: Peruvemba Sapna , Gieng John , Chen Susan , Pereira Pignotti Giselle Adriana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Limited research is available on how motivations to adopt plant-based diets and nutrition literacy influence diet quality. This study assessed diet quality, diet motives and nutrition literacy in vegans, vegetarians and semi-vegetarians and investigated predictors of dietary quality.

Design:
Cross-sectional study, participants completed an online survey about diet-related motives and nutrition literacy. Dietary intake was assessed with the Diet History Questionnaire III, and diet quality was calculated with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015. A one-way ANCOVA was used to compare diet quality, nutrition literacy and diet motives among diets. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to identify significant predictors of diet quality.

Setting:
Online survey, participants were recruited through paid targeted social media (Facebook/Instagram) advertising.

Participants:
Adults following a plant-based diet, including 117 (52·5 %) vegans, 51 (22·9 %) vegetarians and 55 (24·6 %) semi-vegetarians.

Results:
Vegans had higher HEI-2015 scores (80·8 (sd 6·5), P < 0·001) compared to vegetarians (75·1 (sd 9·1)) and semi-vegetarians (76·8 (sd 7·5)). Most participants (74 %) had good nutrition literacy scores. Total nutrition literacy did not differ between groups, but vegans had higher vegetarian nutrition literacy than vegetarians and semi-vegetarians (P < 0·001). Ecological welfare, health and sensory appeal were highly important to all participants. Motives accounted for 12·8 % of the variance in diet quality scores. HEI-2015 scores were positively associated with motives of health and natural content, but negatively associated with weight control motivation (all P < 0·05).

Conclusions:
Individuals following plant-based dietary patterns have high diet quality and nutrition literacy. Messages valuing intrinsic over extrinsic factors may facilitate healthier dietary adherence in this population.
Patients’ and professionals’ experiences with remote care during COVID-19: a qualitative study in general practices in low-income neighborhoods
Authors: Kollmann Jelena , Sana Shakib , Magnée Tessa , Boer Sarah , Merkelbach Inge , Kocken Paul L. , Denktaș Semiha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To explore how patients and general practice professionals in low-income neighborhoods experienced the increase of remote care during COVID-19.

Background:
As the GP (general practitioner) is the first point of contact in Dutch health care, there are concerns about access to remote care for patients from low-income neighborhoods. Now that general practice professionals have returned to the pre-pandemic ways of healthcare delivery, this paper looks back at experiences with remote care during COVID-19. It investigates experiences of both patients and general practice professionals with the approachability and appropriateness of remote care and their satisfaction.

Methods:
In this qualitative study, 78 patients and 18 GPs, 7 nurse practitioners and 6 mental health professionals were interviewed. Interviews were held on the phone and face-to-face in the native language of the participants.

Findings:
Remote care, especially telephone consultation, was generally well-approachable for patients from low-income neighborhoods. Contrarily, video calling was rarely used. This was partly because patients did not know how to use it. The majority of patients thought remote care was possible for minor ailments but would also still like to see the doctor face-to-face regularly. Patients were generally satisfied with remote care at the time, but this did not necessarily reflect their willingness to continue using it in the future. Moreover, there was lack in consensus among general practice professionals on the appropriateness of remote care for certain physical and mental complaints. Nurse practitioners and mental health professionals had a negative attitude toward remote care. In conclusion, it is important to take the opinions and barriers of patients and care providers into account and to increase patient-centered care elements and care provider satisfaction in remote care. Integrating remote care is not only important in times of crisis but also for future care that is becoming increasingly digitalized.
Westward PPEF Plays Important Role in the Suppression of Post‐Midnight Plasma Irregularities: A Case Study of the November 2021 Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Imtiaz Nadia , Dugassa Teshome , Calabia Andres , Anoruo Chukwuma , Kashcheyev Anton 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe use multiple instruments data to investigate the behavior of the equatorial and low‐latitude ionosphere during the geomagnetically active and quiet period of November 1–6, 2021. In this context, total electron content (TEC) data obtained from the Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers in the equatorial and low‐latitude regions of Asia, Africa, and America are used to assess variations in plasma density during the storm. The storm‐time ionization levels were found to vary significantly in the crests of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) region over the 3 longitudes. The Rate of Change TEC Index (ROTI) derived from GPS receiver measurements, is used to study the equatorial/low‐latitude ionospheric plasma irregularities at various longitudes under geomagnetically quiet and disturbed conditions. Observations showed longitudinal variations in the ionospheric irregularities under both quiet and disturbed conditions. Some days exhibit a decrease in the strength of the midnight plasma irregularities toward the East, that is, the irregularities are more pronounced in West America, less common in East America, and almost non‐existent in Africa and Asia. Our investigations show this storm prevented the occurrence of plasma irregularities at the equatorial/low‐latitude region in the American sector during the night following the main phase. In general, no significant storm effects were observed at the target locations in Africa and Asia. The existence of westward Prompt Penetration Electric Field (PPEF) and the Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) during the main phase, from midnight to noon, is clearly related with the constriction of plasma diffusion and the consequent suppression of plasma irregularities. Thus, the longitudinal dependence for the generation of midnight plasma irregularities during this storm is mainly influenced by local time occurrence of maximum ring current, and the ionospheric electric fields.
Contaminant Transport Modeling and Source Attribution With Attention‐Based Graph Neural Network
Authors: Pang Min , Du Erhu , Zheng Chunmiao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGroundwater contamination induced by anthropogenic activities has long been a global issue. Characterizing and modeling contaminant transport processes is crucial to groundwater protection and management. However, challenges still exist in process complexity, data constraint, and computational cost. In the era of big data, the growth of machine learning has led to new opportunities in studying contaminant transport in groundwater systems. In this work, we introduce a new attention‐based graph neural network (aGNN) for modeling contaminant transport with limited monitoring data and quantifying causal connections between contaminant sources (drivers) and their spreading (outcomes). In five synthetic case studies that involve varying monitoring networks in heterogeneous aquifers, aGNN is shown to outperform LSTM‐based (long‐short term memory) and CNN‐ based (convolutional neural network) methods in multistep predictions (i.e., transductive learning). It also demonstrates a high level of applicability in inferring observations for unmonitored sites (i.e., inductive learning). Furthermore, an explanatory analysis based on aGNN quantifies the influence of each contaminant source, which has been validated by a physics‐based model with consistent outcomes with an R2 value exceeding 92%. The major advantage of aGNN is that it not only has a high level of predictive power in multiple scenario evaluations but also substantially reduces computational cost. Overall, this study shows that aGNN is efficient and robust for highly nonlinear spatiotemporal learning in subsurface contaminant transport, and provides a promising tool for groundwater management involving contaminant source attribution.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Hyporheic Flow in a Losing River Section
Authors: Simon N. , Bour O. , Heyman J. , Lavenant N. , Petton C. , Crave A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCharacterizing the spatiotemporal variability of water fluxes at the stream‐groundwater interface is extremely challenging due to the lack of methods for estimating hyporheic flows at different scales. To address this, we demonstrate the potential of Active‐Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) methods for measuring and mapping hyporheic flow in a lowland stream. Experiments were conducted by burying a few hundred meters of heatable Fiber‐Optic cables within streambed sediments in a large meander, where permanent stream‐losing conditions are observed along the stream reach. We propose a new methodology to filter ambient temperature variations along the heated section of the DTS cable and to extend the application of Active‐DTS to losing streams. After data processing, the results show that, along lateral and longitudinal stream profiles, both thermal conductivity and water flux values follow normal distributions with relatively small standard deviations. Hyporheic fluxes vary by one order of magnitude. The absence of correlation between water fluxes within the hyporheic zone and streambed topography variations suggests that the variability is mainly controlled by local streambed heterogeneities. This means that the spatiotemporal variability of fluxes may be used as a marker of the variability of streambed hydraulic conductivities. The relatively low spatial variability (one order of magnitude) in hyporheic flow suggests a small variability of streambed properties. This is an important result for calibrating models assessing hyporheic processes, in which the hydraulic conductivity distribution is generally assumed. Additionally, measurements made over three years yield similar estimates showing the remarkable stability of hyporheic flows through time.
Developing a Fluvial and Pluvial Stochastic Flood Model of Southeast Asia
Authors: Olcese Gaia , Bates Paul D. , Neal Jeffrey C. , Sampson Christopher C. , Wing Oliver E. J. , Quinn Niall , Murphy‐Barltrop Callum J. R. , Probyn Izzy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFlood event set generation, as employed in catastrophe risk models, relies on gauge information that is not available in data‐scarce regions. To overcome this limitation, we develop a stochastic fluvial and pluvial flood model of Southeast Asia, using freely and globally available discharge data from the global hydrological model GloFAS and rainfall from the ERA5 reanalysis. We use a conditional multivariate statistical model to produce a synthetic catalog of 10,000 years of flood events. We calculate the flood population exposure associated with each flood event using freely available population data from WorldPop and generate exposure probability exceedance curves. We validate the population exposure curves against observed flood disaster data from EM‐DAT, showing that our methodology provides exposure estimates that are in line with historical observations. We find that there is a 1% probability that more than 30 million people will be exposed to flooding in a given year according to our event set. This number is roughly half the population living in the 100‐year return period flood zone of Fathom's hazard maps, suggesting most studies based on static flood maps overestimate exposure. This analysis provides significant progress over previous non‐stochastic studies which are only able to compute total or average exposure within a given floodplain area and demonstrates that a reanalysis‐based stochastic flood model can be designed to generate reliable estimates of population exposure probability exceedance. This study is a step toward a fully global catastrophe model for floods capable of providing exposure and loss estimates worldwide.
Interplay Between Fluid Intrusion and Aseismic Stress Perturbations in the Onset of Earthquake Swarms Following the 2020 Alex Extreme Rainstorm
Authors: Jacquemond Laeticia , Godano Maxime , Cappa Frédéric , Larroque Christophe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe 2020 Alex storm in southern France led to localized extreme rainfall exceeding 600 mm in less than 24 hr. In the 100 days following the storm, a series of small earthquakes swarm occurred beneath the Tinée valley, a region characterized by a low background deformation. To gain insight into the mechanisms controlling swarm evolution, we used an enhanced seismic catalog to detect 188 events. These events exhibited magnitudes comprised between −1.03 and 2.01, and 78 of them were relocated using relative locations at an average depth of 3–4 km. Additionally, we estimated the directions and velocities of seismicity migration. Our analyses reveal multiple episodes of hypocenter expansion and migration within a fluid‐saturated fault system. Observations provide evidence of a bi‐directional seismicity migration marked by dual velocities within a swarm. The northward seismicity migration aligns with velocities indicative of aseismic slip (∼130 m/hr), while the southward migration corresponds to velocities associated with fluid pressure diffusion (∼5 m/hr). This migration pattern underscores the interplay of multiple physical mechanisms in both triggering and driving earthquakes. A stress‐driven model based on rate‐and‐state friction successfully explains the overall evolution of observed seismicity, whereas a fluid‐driven model fails to reproduce the data. Our observations and models suggest that fluid pressure changes resulting from intense rainfall caused aseismic slip in the shallow portion of the crust. We hypothesize that aseismic deformation serves as the driving force for the earthquake swarms, coupled with the invasion of pressurized fluid due to diffusing rainfall.