bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric Responses in Layered Strontium‐Niobates Via Two Ways of Charge Carrier Control Techniques
Authors: Sakai Akihiro , Kanno Tsutomu , Takahashi Kouhei , Omote Atsushi , Adachi Hideaki , Yamada Yuka 
Published: April 2012

We have systematically examined the thermoelectric properties of the perovskite‐related layered strontium‐niobates SrnNbnO3n+2 (n = 4, 4.33, 4.5, and 5) and Sr2−xLaxNb2O7, prepared using two charge carrier control techniques. Both have a similar anisotropic crystal structure that gives all the samples prepared a relatively low thermal conductivity. However, the two systems show very different behaviors with respect to Seebeck coefficient and resistivity. In SrnNbnO3n+2, an n‐driven semiconductor‐metal transition occurs between n = 4.33 and 4.5, with highly metallic properties observed in their magnitudes and temperature dependence at higher values of n. We also observed the microstructures to gain a further understanding of their properties, and elucidated the unconventional charge distribution in the intermediate n = 4.5 material. By contrast, in Sr2−xLaxNb2O7, thermally activated behaviors were displayed even in heavily La‐doped materials. Strong electron lattice interactions due to low symmetric NbO6 octahedra appeared to be present over the whole doping range, with Sr2−xLaxNb2O7 showing a lower electrical conductivity than metallic SrnNbnO3n+2. However, the ZT of Sr2−xLaxNb2O7 is one order of magnitude larger than for SrnNbnO3n+2 due to the much larger Seebeck coefficient, and increased up to 0.048 at room temperature on increasing the La dopant level.
Language Learning and Control in Monolinguals and Bilinguals
Authors: Bartolotti James , Marian Viorica 
Published: April 2012

AbstractParallel language activation in bilinguals leads to competition between languages. Experience managing this interference may aid novel language learning by improving the ability to suppress competition from known languages. To investigate the effect of bilingualism on the ability to control native‐language interference, monolinguals and bilinguals were taught an artificial language designed to elicit between‐language competition. Partial activation of interlingual competitors was assessed with eye‐tracking and mouse‐tracking during a word recognition task in the novel language. Eye‐tracking results showed that monolinguals looked at competitors more than bilinguals, and for a longer duration of time. Mouse‐tracking results showed that monolinguals’ mouse movements were attracted to native‐language competitors, whereas bilinguals overcame competitor interference by increasing the activation of target items. Results suggest that bilinguals manage cross‐linguistic interference more effectively than monolinguals. We conclude that language interference can affect lexical retrieval, but bilingualism may reduce this interference by facilitating access to a newly learned language.
Accuracy of bone surface size and cortical layer thickness measurements using cone beam computerized tomography
Authors: Gerlach Nicolaas Lucius , Meijer Gerrit Jacobus , Borstlap Wilfred Ary , Bronkhorst Ewald Maria , Bergé Stefaan Jozef , Maal Thomas Jan Jaap 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) reconstructions in displaying bone surface size and cortical layer thickness.Materials and methodsTwo fresh frozen cadaver heads were scanned using a CBCT (i‐CAT™ 3D Imaging System; Imaging Sciences International Inc.). The mandibles were sectioned and digitalized for histological evaluation. Dimensions as measured on these sections were compared with CBCT measurements of the same region with the use of 3D image‐based planning software (Procera System NobelGuide™; Nobel Biocare). To allow optimal comparison between histological and CBCT sections, reference markers were placed into the mandibles. The Student t‐test was utilized to analyze the data. Differences with P‐values <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsThe total height and width of the mandibular body, as measured on CBCT views, were larger compared with the histological values with a maximum difference of 0.33 mm (SD ± 0.34). Cortical thickness measurements were significantly thicker on CBCT sections (P < 0.006) with absolute differences ranging up to ±0.63 mm (SD ±0.28) and relative differences ranging up to 82.6%.ConclusionCBCT images (i‐CAT 3D Imaging System), viewed on the planning software Procera System NobelGuide, tend to overestimate the anatomical truth in assessing both bone height and width; especially cortical thicknesses are depicted thicker than in reality. When using CBCT images for presurgical assessment, one should be aware of this phenomenon of exaggeration of dimensions.
Body mass index (BMI) and dental caries in 5‐year‐old children from southern Sweden
Authors: Norberg Carina , Hallström Stalin Ulla , Matsson Lars , Thorngren‐Jerneck Kristina , Klingberg Gunilla 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present survey was to study the association between dental caries and body mass index (BMI) in Swedish preschool children (born in 1999).MethodsA population‐based and cross‐sectional study design was used comprising all 920 5‐year‐old children in a defined area in and around the city of Lund. Anthropometric measures for the calculation of BMI were retrieved for each child from recordings at Child Health Care Centers (CHC). The occurrence of caries and fillings in the primary dentition, defined as deft (decayed, extracted, or filled primary teeth) and dt (decayed primary teeth), was collected from the children's dental records.ResultsThe mean BMI was 16.1 (no differences between boys and girls). About 19.2% were overweight, of which 5.1% were obese. Overweight or obese children did not have higher deft or dt than others. However, children with low BMI (below −1 SD of national mean values for Swedish 5‐year‐olds) had statistically significantly higher deft and dt than children with normal BMI.ConclusionsChildren with low BMI may be at risk of caries development. Low BMI may be associated with eating habits endangering dental health.
Neuropathological, clinical and molecular pathology in female fragile X premutation carriers with and without FXTAS
Authors: Tassone F. , Greco C. M. , Hunsaker M. R. , Seritan A. L. , Berman R. F. , Gane L. W. , Jacquemont S. , Basuta K. , Jin L.‐W. , Hagerman P. J. , Hagerman R. J. 
Published: April 2012

Fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is an adult‐onset neurodegenerative disorder associated with premutation alleles of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Approximately 40% of older male premutation carriers, and a smaller proportion of females, are affected by FXTAS; due to the lower penetrance the characterization of the disorder in females is much less detailed. Core clinical features of FXTAS include intention tremor, cerebellar gait ataxia and frequently parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction and cognitive deficits progressing to dementia in up to 50% of males.In this study, we report the clinical, molecular and neuropathological findings of eight female premutation carriers. Significantly, four of these women had dementia; of the four, three had FXTAS plus dementia. Post‐mortem examination showed the presence of intranuclear inclusions in all eight cases, which included one asymptomatic premutation carrier who died from cancer. Among the four subjects with dementia, three had sufficient number of cortical amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles to make Alzheimer's disease a highly likely cause of dementia and a fourth case had dementia with cortical Lewy bodies. Dementia appears to be more common than originally reported in females with FXTAS. Although further studies are required, our observation suggests that in a portion of FXTAS cases there is Alzheimer pathology and perhaps a synergistic effect on the progression of the disease may occur.
Patterns of exotic plants in relation to anthropogenic edges within urban forest remnants
Authors: LaPaix Richard , Harper Karen , Freedman Bill 
Published: April 2012

AbstractQuestionHow is the abundance of exotic plants within urban forest remnants influenced by distance to the edges of forest boundaries and recreational trails?LocationHalifax,NovaScotia,Canada.MethodsGradients in the cover of exotic plants, as well as the richness of exotic and native vascular species, were examined as a function of distance from anthropogenic forest boundaries and recreational trails. Plants were sampled in 2 m × 10 m and 10 m × 10 m plots distributed among 11 urban forest remnants. Randomization tests were used to quantify the distance of edge influence from both forest boundaries and trails, and to determine if there was an interaction between them.ResultsThe cover and richness of exotic plants and richness of native species decreased with increasing distance from forest boundaries and trails. Edge influences extended to distances of ca. 50 and 3 m for forest boundaries and trails, respectively, and were stronger for measures of understorey than of overstorey vegetation. Vegetation was simultaneously influenced by both edge types such that exotic cover and richness were higher when in close proximity to two edges than when subject to either edge alone (i.e. a positive interaction).ConclusionsIt is important to consider the influence of edges in the design and management of forest remnants to improve the ability to conserve native biodiversity within cities. Results from this study may be used to guide the design of such systems, particularly by suggesting appropriately sized patches and trail densities.
Dental Implants in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: López‐Jornet Pia , Camacho‐Alonso Fabio , Sánchez‐Siles Mariano 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTPurpose: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and dental implants.Material and Methods: Three groups of 16 patients took part in the study. Group I patients had received dental implants and been diagnosed with OLP; Group II had not received implants but were diagnosed with OLP; Group III had implants but not OLP. Clinical observations and OLP symptoms were registered in each case. Periodontal pocket depth, implant mobility, bleeding upon probing, erythema, pain, and radiolucency around implants were measured. Patient quality of life was evaluated using OHIP 14.Results: Peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis were detected in 17.86% and 25% of the OLP‐implant group, while the control group with implants showed 18% and 16%. The implant survival rate in patients treated for OLP did not appear to differ from the survival rate among the general population. Quality of life was better among patients with implants and without OLP (p = .001).Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that implants do not influence manifestations of OLP. OLP is not a risk factor for peri‐implantitis.
BioV Suite – a collection of programs for the study of transport protein evolution
Authors: Reddy Vamsee S. , Saier Milton H. 
Published: April 2012

The Bio‐V Suite is a collection of Python scripts designed specifically for bioinformatic research regarding transport protein evolution. The Bio‐V Suite contains nine powerful programs for Unix‐based environments, each of which can be run as a standalone tool or be accessed in a programmatic manner. These programs and their functions are as follows. The transmembrane alpha‐helical statistical prediction tool (TMStats) generates topological statistics for transport proteins. The Global Sequence Alignment Tool (GSAT) performs shuffle‐based binary alignments and is fully scalable. It can cross‐compare two FASTA files or individual sequences. Protocol1 performs remote PSI‐Blast searches and filters redundant/similar sequences and annotates them. Protocol2 finds homologues between FASTA lists and generates graphical reports. The Targeted Smith–Waterman Search (TSSearch) uses a rapid search algorithm to find distant homologues in FASTA files in a heuristic manner. SSearch is the exhaustive version of TSSearch. Genome‐Blast (GBlast) will identify potential transport proteins in any genome/proteome file or find similar transport protein homologues between two different genomes/proteomes before generating a graphical report. AncientRep (AR) will find putative transmembrane repeat units using a list of homologues. DefineFamily (DF) will generate a FASTA list to represent an entire Transporter Classification family. These nine programs are tabulated with descriptions of their capabilities in Table 1.

Programs developed for studies of transport protein evolution but useful for the analysis of other protein (and nucleic acid) classes.

Program
Task performed

TMStats
Creates graphical charts to represent topological statistics within any TC hierarchy or FASTA file

GSAT
Provides a simple, shuffle‐based global alignment tool for detecting distant homologies

Protocol1
Performs remote PSI‐BLAST searches with iterations using the NCBI NR database

Protocol2
Compares two different families of transport proteins to find similarities. It uses TSSearch and SSearch and generates easy‐to‐read graphical reports

TSSearch
Uses a heuristic local search algorithm for rapid comparison of two different FASTA files and find similarities between them

SSearch
Uses a simple, exhaustive shuffle‐based local search algorithm to compare two different FASTA files and find their similarities

GBlast
Provides a search tool designed to identify potential transporters within entire genomes/proteomes. It generates easy‐to‐read graphical reports

AncientRep
Provides a horizontal or vertical search approach to find transmembrane repeat units within a list of homologues

DefineFamily
Generates a FASTA list to represent any TC family
Development and evaluation of a self‐care assessment inventory for workers
Authors: OGASAWARA Eiko , SHIIHARA Yasufumi , ANDO Michiyo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim:  To develop and evaluate a self‐care assessment inventory for workers (SCAI‐W).Methods:  A study using a self‐care assessment inventory for workers consisting of 27 self‐care items, the Japanese version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Japanese version of the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist (JUMACL) was conducted. These questionnaires were distributed to 2297 workers. There were 893 valid responses (39.9%, 584 men and 309 women, mean age 37.2 ± 10.2 years).Results:  Three primary and eight secondary factors were established for the conceptual structure of self‐care and validated by structural equation modeling. “Positive attitude” comprised the secondary factors, “hope” and “sense of fulfillment”, and was influenced by another secondary factor, “social support”. “Positive attitude” contributed to “attitude toward health”. “Attitude toward health” comprised the secondary factors, “care about one's health” and “correction of bad habits”. “Attitude toward health” influenced a primary factor, “everyday behavior”, comprised of “wakefulness”, “eating in moderation”, and “lack of self‐control”. The primary factors “positive attitude” and “everyday behavior” influenced the BDI scores. A multiple regression analysis indicated that JUMACL subscale scores (energetic arousal and tense arousal), demographic data (living alone, sex, and age) and health‐related data (exercise, smoking, body mass index, drinking more than three alcoholic drinks/day, and gambling) predicted the scores of the self‐care assessment inventory for workers.Conclusion:  This assessment inventory could be a useful measure of workers' self‐care because it establishes a relationship between psychological and behavioral concepts that are important for health promotion.
Hemodialysis Vascular Access Dysfunction: Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment
Authors: Mima Akira 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHemodialysis vascular access complications are one of the main causes associated with an increase in morbidity and hospitalization in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The most common cause of vascular access dysfunction is venous stenosis as a result of venous neointimal hyperplasia within the peri‐anastomotic region (arteriovenous [AV] fistula) or at the graft‐vein anastomosis. There have been few studies regarding effective therapeutic interventions for HD vascular dysfunction at the present time, despite the magnitude of the clinical problem. This review will focus initially on the pathology and pathogenesis of HD vascular access dysfunction in the setting of both native AV fistula and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft, then experimental and clinical therapies that could potentially be used in the setting of HD vascular access dysfunction.
Probing the properties of Be star discs with spectroastrometry and NLTE radiative transfer modelling: β CMi
Authors: Wheelwright H. E. , Bjorkman J. E. , Oudmaijer R. D. , Carciofi A. C. , Bjorkman K. S. , Porter J. M. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
While the presence of discs around classical Be stars is well established, their origin is still uncertain. To understand what processes result in the creation of these discs and how angular momentum is transported within them, their physical properties must be constrained. This requires comparing high spatial and spectral resolution data with detailed radiative transfer modelling. We present a high spectral resolution, R∼ 80 000, sub-milliarcsecond precision, spectroastrometric study of the circumstellar disc around the Be star β CMi. The data are confronted with 3D, non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer calculations to directly constrain the properties of the disc. Furthermore, we compare the data to disc models featuring two velocity laws: Keplerian, the prediction of the viscous disc model, and angular momentum conserving rotation. It is shown that the observations of β CMi can only be reproduced using Keplerian rotation. The agreement between the model and the observed spectral energy distribution, polarization and spectroastrometric signature of β CMi confirms that the discs around Be stars are well modelled as viscous decretion discs.
A dynamical magnetosphere model for periodic Hα emission from the slowly rotating magnetic O star HD 191612
Authors: Sundqvist Jon O. , ud-Doula Asif , Owocki Stanley P. , Townsend Richard H. D. , Howarth Ian D. , Wade Gregg A. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
The magnetic O star HD 191612 exhibits strongly variable, cyclic Balmer line emission on a 538-d period. We show here that its variable Hα emission can be well reproduced by the rotational phase variation of synthetic spectra computed directly from full radiation magnetohydrodynamical simulations of a magnetically confined wind. In slow rotators such as HD 191612, wind material on closed magnetic field loops falls back to the star, but the transient suspension of material within the loops leads to a statistically overdense, low-velocity region around the magnetic equator, causing the spectral variations. We contrast such ‘dynamical magnetospheres’ (DMs) with the more steady-state ‘centrifugal magnetospheres’ of stars with rapid rotation, and discuss the prospects of using this DM paradigm to explain periodic line emission from also other non-rapidly rotating magnetic massive stars.
A broad-band flux scale for low-frequency radio telescopes
Authors: Scaife Anna M. M. , Heald George H. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
We present parametrized broad-band spectral models valid at frequencies between 30 and 300 MHz for six bright radio sources selected from the 3C survey, spread in right ascension from 0 to 24 h. For each source, data from the literature are compiled and tied to a common flux density scale. These data are then used to parametrize an analytic polynomial spectral calibration model. The optimal polynomial order in each case is determined using the ratio of the Bayesian evidence for the candidate models. Maximum likelihood parameter values for each model are presented, with associated errors, and the percentage error in each model as a function of frequency is derived. These spectral models are intended as an initial reference for science from the new generation of low-frequency telescopes now coming online, with particular emphasis on the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR).
Partnering between a geography department and a community initiative to provide a wind resource assessment for the Blueskin Bay region, Otago, New Zealand
Authors: Cullen Nicolas , Bowden Alice , Spronken‐Smith Rachel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper explores the partnership between a community group and a geography department to assess the wind energy potential of the Blueskin Bay region in southern New Zealand. The partnership has provided opportunities for research and is of strategic importance. Year‐long wind observations and numerical modelling have revealed that the hills surrounding Blueskin Bay show potential for wind energy generation. Despite challenges for both parties, the university–community partnership has allowed a successful research platform to be established.