bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population pharmacokinetics of artesunate and dihydroartemisinin following single- and multiple-dosing of oral artesunate in healthy subjects
Authors: Tan Beesan , Naik Himanshu , Jang In-Jin , Yu Kyung-Sang , Kirsch Lee E , Shin Chang-Sik , Craft J Carl , Fleckenstein Lawrence 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
The population pharmacokinetics of artesunate (AS) and its active metabolite dihydroartemisinin (DHA) were studied in healthy subjects receiving single- or multiple-dosing of AS orally either in combination with pyronaridine (PYR) or as a monotherapy with or without food.

Methods
Data from 118 concentration-time profiles arising from 91 healthy Korean subjects were pooled from four Phase I clinical studies. Subjects received 2-5 mg/kg of single- and multiple-dosing of oral AS either in combination with PYR or as a monotherapy with or without food. Plasma AS and DHA were measured simultaneously using a validated liquid chromatography- mass spectrometric method with a lower limit of quantification of 1 ng/mL for both AS and DHA. Nonlinear mixed-effect modelling was used to obtain the pharmacokinetic and variability (inter-individual and residual variability) parameter estimates.

Results
A novel parent-metabolite pharmacokinetic model consisting of a dosing compartment, a central compartment for AS, a central compartment and a peripheral compartment for DHA was developed. AS and DHA data were modelled simultaneously assuming stoichiometric conversion to DHA. AS was rapidly absorbed with a population estimate of absorption rate constant (Ka) of 3.85 h-1. The population estimates of apparent clearance (CL/F) and volume of distribution (V2/F) for AS were 1190 L/h with 36.2% inter-individual variability (IIV) and 1210 L with 57.4% IIV, respectively. For DHA, the population estimates of apparent clearance (CLM/F) and central volume of distribution (V3/F) were 93.7 L/h with 28% IIV and 97.1 L with 30% IIV, respectively. The population estimates of apparent inter-compartmental clearance (Q/F) and peripheral volume of distribution (V4/F) for DHA were 5.74 L/h and 18.5 L, respectively. Intake of high-fat and high-caloric meal prior to the drug administration resulted in 84% reduction in Ka. Body weight impacted CLM/F, such that a unit change in weight resulted in 1.9-unit change in CLM/F in the same direction.

Conclusions
A novel simultaneous parent-metabolite pharmacokinetic model with good predictive power was developed to study the population pharmacokinetics of AS and DHA in healthy subjects following single- and multiple-dosing of AS with or without the presence of food. Food intake and weight were significant covariates for Ka and CLM/F, respectively.
Autistic disorder associated with a paternally derived unbalanced translocation leading to duplication of chromosome 15pter-q13.2: a case report
Authors: Wu David J , Wang Nicholas J , Driscoll Jennette , Dorrani Naghmeh , Liu Dahai , Sigman Marian , Schanen N Carolyn 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders have been associated with maternally derived duplications that involve the imprinted region on the proximal long arm of chromosome 15. Here we describe a boy with a chromosome 15 duplication arising from a 3:1 segregation error of a paternally derived translocation between chromosome 15q13.2 and chromosome 9q34.12, which led to trisomy of chromosome 15pter-q13.2 and 9q34.12-qter. Using array comparative genome hybridization, we localized the breakpoints on both chromosomes and sequence homology suggests that the translocation arose from non-allelic homologous recombination involving the low copy repeats on chromosome 15. The child manifests many characteristics of the maternally-derived duplication chromosome 15 phenotype including developmental delays with cognitive impairment, autism, hypotonia and facial dysmorphisms with nominal overlap of the most general symptoms found in duplications of chromosome 9q34. This case suggests that biallelically expressed genes on proximal 15q contribute to the idic(15) autism phenotype.
A rare case of isolated duodenal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma associated with p53 and ki-67 expression: a case report
Authors: Chung Caroline , Al Ali Jaber , Owen David A , Weiss Alan A , Yoshida Eric M , Tai Isabella T 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary tumor of the liver worldwide. The incidence of HCC is increasing in North America secondary to rises in chronic liver disease from alcohol abuse and viral hepatitis. HCC most commonly metastasizes hematogenously or through lymphatics to the lungs and regional lymph nodes. Involvement of small bowel is rare and typically results from direct invasion and extension. We examined the molecular features related to this extremely rare case of isolated duodenal metastasis of HCC and noted p53 and Ki-67 positive staining. Here, we review the possible molecular and immunohistochemical studies that may aid definitive diagnosis and the evidence for the management of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.
The Human Gene Mutation Database: 2008 update
Authors: Stenson Peter D , Mort Matthew , Ball Edward V , Howells Katy , Phillips Andrew D , Thomas Nick ST , Cooper David N 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD®) is a comprehensive core collection of germline mutations in nuclear genes that underlie or are associated with human inherited disease. Here, we summarize the history of the database and its current resources. By December 2008, the database contained over 85,000 different lesions detected in 3,253 different genes, with new entries currently accumulating at a rate exceeding 9,000 per annum. Although originally established for the scientific study of mutational mechanisms in human genes, HGMD has since acquired a much broader utility for researchers, physicians, clinicians and genetic counselors as well as for companies specializing in biopharmaceuticals, bioinformatics and personalized genomics. HGMD was first made publicly available in April 1996, and a collaboration was initiated in 2006 between HGMD and BIOBASE GmbH. This cooperative agreement covers the exclusive worldwide marketing of the most up-to-date (subscription) version of HGMD, HGMD Professional, to academic, clinical and commercial users.
Decrease in uric acid in acute ischemic stroke correlates with stroke severity, evolution and outcome
Authors: Brouns Raf , Wauters Annick , Van De Vijver Gerda , De Surgeloose Didier , Sheorajpanday Rishi , De Deyn Peter P. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background: Although uric acid (UA) is one of the most important antioxidants in plasma and appears to be neuroprotective in animal models, results from human studies are controversial. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of serum UA concentrations in the acute, subacute and chronic phase of ischemic stroke and its relation with initial stroke severity, stroke evolution in the subacute phase and long-term stroke outcome.

Methods: Serum concentrations of UA were measured in 199 stroke patients at admission (median, 2.8 h after stroke onset), at 24 h, 72 h, day 7, month 1 and month 3 after onset of stroke. We evaluated the relationship between changes in UA concentrations and (a) stroke severity [patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) vs. stroke patients, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission], (b) stroke evolution (stroke progression, infarct volume at 72 h), and (c) stroke outcome [modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at month 3, mortality].

Results: UA concentrations decreased significantly during the first 7 days after stroke onset before returning to baseline (p<0.001). Mean plasma UA concentrations decreased from 336.66±113.01 μmol/L at admission to 300.37±110.04 μmol/L at day 7 (p<0.001) in patients with stroke, but did not change significantly in patients with TIA. Changes in UA concentrations from admission to day 7 (ΔUAday 7) correlated with the NIHSS score (ρ=0.32; p<0.001), stroke progression (ρ=0.29; p=0.001), infarct volume (ρ=0.37; p<0.001), mRS score (ρ=0.28; p=0.001) and mortality (p=0.010).

Conclusions: Decreases in UA during the first week after onset of stroke correlates with more severe stroke, unfavorable stroke evolution, and poor long-term stroke outcome.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:383–90.
Simulation und Optimierung eines Trinkwasserversorgungssystems im Rahmen eines IWRMSimulation and Optimisation of a Drinking Water Supply System within the Framework of an IWRM
Authors: Scharaw Buren , Röll Stefan , Westerhoff Thomas , Hopfgarten Siegbert 
Published: December 2009

Zusammenfassung
Im Beitrag wird die Modellierung, Simulation und Optimierung eines Trinkwasserversorgungssystems mit seinen beiden gekoppelten Teilsystemen Trinkwassergewinnung und -verteilung dargestellt. Die praktische Anwendung erfolgt im Rahmen eines integrierten Wasserressourcen-Managements (IWRM) für die semi-aride Modellregion Darkhan in der Mongolei.
Wandler für energieautarke Mikrosysteme. Stand der Technik kommerzieller EnergiewandlerMicro Energy Harvesting Converters. State of the Art of Commercially Available Energy Converters
Authors: Müller Monika , Freunek Michael , Ungan Tolgay , Reindl Leonhard M. 
Published: December 2009

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Bericht untersucht den Stand der Technik kommerziell verfügbarer Mikroenergiewandler. Typischerweise liegt die Größe der Wandler im Zentimeterbereich bei erzielten Leistungen von einigen Mikro- bis Milliwatt. Charakteristika, Kenngrößen und Forschungsbedarf der einzelnen Wandlertechnologien werden anhand der ersten kommerziellen Wandler diskutiert. Die Charakterisierung der Wandler weist Standardisierungsbedarf auf.
Mikrostrukturierte Energiewandler für energieautonome SensorenMicrostructured Energy Harvesters for Energy Autonomous Sensors
Authors: Hohlfeld Dennis , Kamel Talal , Altena Geert , Su Jiale , Elfrink René , Vullers Ruud , van Schaijk Rob 
Published: December 2009

Zusammenfassung
Diese Arbeit präsentiert mikrostrukturierte Energiewandler zur Stromversorgung energieautarker Sensoren. Vibrationsbasierte Energiewandler mit Betriebsfrequenzen von 100 bis 1000 Hz nutzen den piezoelektrischen oder den elektrostatischen Effekt. Wir beschreiben außerdem ein drahtloses energieautonomes Sensorsystem, welches von einem Vibrationswandler gespeist wird und alle 15 Sekunden Temperaturmessungen drahtlos überträgt. Mikrostrukturierte Thermoelemente werden darüber hinaus als kostengünstige Lösung für thermoelektrische Generatoren angesehen. Diese sollen bei geringen Temperaturunterschieden und schwachen Wärmeströmen arbeiten, die z. B. für menschliche Körperwärme typisch sind.
Ereignisbasierte Messwerterfassung in drahtlosen Sensornetzwerken für die StrukturüberwachungEvent-based Data Acquisition in Wireless Sensor Networks for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Krüger Markus , Große Christian U. 
Published: December 2009

Zusammenfassung
Durch die Verwendung von intelligenten, drahtlosen Sensornetzwerken wird zukünftig ein breites Anwendungsfeld erschlossen, da derartige Monitoringsysteme gegenüber konventionellen Messsystemen einfacher zu applizieren und deutlich kostengünstiger sind. Derzeit wird an der MPA Universität Stuttgart an den Grundlagen für eine praxisnahe Bauwerksüberwachung auf der Basis von kabelungebundenen Systemen gearbeitet, die preiswert und flexibel einsetzbar sind und eine gezielte Datenerfassung ermöglichen. Dazu sind Arbeiten im Bereich der Sensortechnik, der Mikrointegration und der analogen wie auch digitalen Datenanalyse notwendig. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die hier verfolgten Lösungsansätze und hierbei insbesondere die ereignisbasierte Messwerterfassung, die aufgrund der beschränkten Ressourcen für manche Messaufgaben unerlässlich ist. Anhand beispielhafter Anwendungen wie der Dehnungs- und Verformungsmessung unter dynamischer Beanspruchung oder auch der Schallemissionsanalyse zur Analyse von Schädigungsprozessen werden zudem konkrete Lösungen beschrieben.
Characterization and DFT Research of Nd/TiO2: Photocatalyst for Synthesis of Methanol from CO2 and H2O
Authors: Luo Dongmei , Chen Chao , Zhang Ning , Hong Sanguo , Wu Huanwen , Liu Zhihua 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Nd3+–doped TiO2 synthesized via the sol-gel method, was used as catalyst for photoreduction of carbon dioxide into methanol in an aqueous solution under UV irradiation. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, IR, UV-vis etc. The maximum photocatalytic activity corresponds to the 0.2 wt.% Nd3+–doped TiO2 nanopowders. In that case, the methanol yield is 184.8μmol/g by 8h UV irradiation, indicating that the Nd/TiO2 can obviously enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic reduction comparing to pure TiO2. Furthermore, the adsorption properties of Nd atom on the regular (110) surface of rutile and (101) surface of anatase were studied by density functional calculations under the B3LYP level. H2O molecule catches the photo-induced hole in the reaction system forming H2O+ which dissociates further into H+ and OH radical on the catalyst surface. The transition state was found by DFT calculation, and the amount of the OH radicals has effects on the selectivity of CH3OH.
Children with Prader–Willi syndrome exhibit more evident meal-induced responses in plasma ghrelin and peptide YY levels than obese and lean children
Authors: Bizzarri Carla , Rigamonti Antonello E , Luce Antonella , Cappa Marco , Cella Silvano G , Berini Jenny , Sartorio Alessandro , Müller Eugenio E , Salvatoni Alessandro 
Published: December 2009

Background and aimsGhrelin is an orexigenic 28-amino acid peptide produced by the stomach. Circulating ghrelin levels rise shortly before and fall shortly after every meal. Peptide YY (PYY), an anorexigenic 36-amino acid peptide, is secreted primarily from the intestinal mucosa of the ileum and large intestine. Plasma PYY levels begin to rise within 15 min after starting to eat and plateau within ∼90 min, remaining elevated for up to 6 h. Recently, some studies have tried to evaluate the potential role of ghrelin and PYY in the hyperphagia of patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). While hyperghrelinemia is well characterized in PWS, conflicting results have been reported for PYY. The aim of the study was to investigate ghrelin and PYY responses to a standard liquid high-fat meal in children with PWS.Patients and methodsCirculating levels of total ghrelin and PYY levels were assayed by RIA after overnight fasting and 45, 60, 90, and 180 min following a standard meal (Ensure 6 ml/kg) in 16 patients with PWS (11 boys and five girls, aged 4.6–10.7 years, including ten receiving 0.02 mg/kg per day rhGH for 2–18 months; body mass index (BMI) z-score: 0.6±0.2 and 1.6±0.5 for children treated or not treated with rhGH respectively), ten obese (eight boys and two girls, aged 9.2–15.6 years; BMI z-score: 2.4±0.2, i.e. BMI >97th centile for chronological age and sex) subjects, and 16 normal-weight controls (five boys and 11 girls, aged 5.8–17.3 years; BMI z-score: 0.6±0.2).ResultsPWS children showed higher fasting levels of ghrelin than obese and lean controls. Postprandial ghrelin drop was more pronounced in PWS than in the other study groups. No significant difference on fasting levels of PYY was found among groups. PWS showed a higher postprandial PYY rise than obese and lean controls. PWS patients treated and not treated with GH showed similar fasting and postprandial levels of ghrelin and PYY. Fasting PYY levels correlated negatively (P<0.05; r=−0.68) with those of ghrelin only in PWS. ConclusionsThe results of this study confirm fasting hyperghrelinemia in PWS. Since in PWS adults an impaired postprandial suppression of plasma ghrelin was previously reported to be associated with a blunted postprandial PYY response, the finding of a meal-induced decrease and increase in ghrelin and PYY levels respectively in PWS children would imply that the regulation of appetite/satiety of these peptides is operative during childhood, and it progressively deteriorates and vanishes in adulthood when hyperphagia and obesity worsen.
Edentulous Arch Treatment With a CAD/CAM Screw-Retained Framework and Cemented Crowns: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Baig Mirza-Rustum , Rajan Gunaseelan , Rajan Manoj 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article describes the rehabilitation of a completely edentulous patient using a milled titanium implant framework and cemented crowns. This combined approach significantly offsets unsuitable implant position, alignment, or angulation, while ensuring the easy retrievability, repair, and maintenance of the prosthesis. Hence, the dual advantage of cemented-retained crowns reproducing appropriate esthetics and function, irrespective of where the screw access openings are located in the substructure, can be obtained, along with the splinting effect and management of soft and hard tissue deficits achievable with a screw-retained framework.
A Method for Making the Implant-Supported Record Bases
Authors: Savabi Omid , Yosefimoghadam Aliakbar , Nejatidanesh Farahnaz 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method for fabrication of record bases which is used in implant dentistry has been described. This method is cost effective because it does not need extra equipment for making the maxillomandibular relations. This technique involves the application of plastic sprues that fit on the top of implants to hold the record bases and allows for easy recording of maxillomandibular relations with an implant-supported record base.
Initial Torque Stability of a New Bone Condensing Dental Implant. A Cohort Study of 140 Consecutively Placed Implants
Authors: Irinakis Tassos , Wiebe Colin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to determine the torque resistance of this new implant during placement in different types of bone, immediate placement into sockets, and in grafted bone. The torque at time of placement serves as an indication of initial stability, which is accepted as an important factor for implant osseointegration and immediate loading. Within a 13-month period, 140 NobelActive implants in 84 consecutive patients were placed into types I–IV bone in fresh sockets, and into grafted bone (both in maxillary sinuses and on the facial alveolar surfaces where bone had been lost). The final torque was measured with a manual torque control wrench as manufactured by Nobel Biocare for clinical use with this type of implant. One hundred forty implants with 3.5 to 5 mm diameters and 10 to 15 mm lengths were placed in different types of bone, either as delayed or immediate implants into fresh extraction sockets. These implants demonstrated a mean torque stability value of 50.8 Ncm. The average insertion torque for delayed implants was 49.7 Ncm. For immediate implants the average torque was 52.6 Ncm. Placement into soft bone was also favorable at an average of 47.9 Ncm. Typical straight walled and tapered implants generally exhibit 10 to 35 Ncm insertion torques. The NobelActive implant consistently reaches higher torque levels. This may indicate they are more favorably suited to early provisionalization and loading. Soft bone (type IV) did not seem to decrease significantly the torque of insertion of these implants. Further longer term studies are needed to investigate whether this indeed makes these implants more suited for early provisionalization and loading than traditional root form. Long term studies are also needed to investigate maintenance of bone levels surrounding these implants.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Self-Reported Racism and Its Association With Cancer-Related Health Behaviors
Authors: Shariff-Marco Salma , Klassen Ann C. , Bowie Janice V. 
Published: December 2009

Objectives. We used population-based survey data to estimate the prevalence of self-reported racism across racial/ethnic groups and to evaluate the association between self-reported racism and cancer-related health behaviors.Methods. We used cross-sectional data from the 2003 California Health Interview Survey. Questions measured self-reported racism in general and in health care. The cancer risk behaviors we assessed were smoking, binge drinking, not walking, being overweight or obese, and not being up to date with screenings for breast, cervical, colorectal, and prostate cancers. Analyses included descriptive analyses and logistic regression.Results. Prevalences of self-reported racism varied between and within aggregate racial/ethnic groups. In adjusted analyses, general racism was associated with smoking, binge drinking, and being overweight or obese; health care racism was associated with not being up to date with screening for prostate cancer. Associations varied across racial/ethnic groups.Conclusions. Associations between general racism and lifestyle behaviors suggest that racism is a potential stressor that may shape cancer-related health behaviors, and its impact may vary by race/ethnicity.
Experimental Investigations of Stress-Dependent Petrophysical Properties and Reservoir Characterization of Coalbed Methane (CBM)
Authors: Shedid Shedid A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The increase of successful exploration and economical importance of coalbed methane makes the understanding of petrophysical properties-stress-dependent more essential.
This paper presents the results of experimental investigations into the influence of net stress on porosity, permeability, and reservoir quality index of coalbed methane (CBM) formations in Australia. Two groups of actual CBM samples were used to perform this study: low permeability from 0.01 to 1.5 md and medium permeability from 5.21 to 13.22 md. The variation of porosity, permeability, permeability-porosity ratio (K/φ) and reservoir quality index (RQI) under different stress conditions is studied. Current permeability-porosity models under stress are tested using the newly-attained experimental results from this study.
New correlations have been developed which can be used as simple tools for predicting changes of petrophysical properties with stress. Attained results also indicated that the reduction rate of porosity of low and medium permeability CBM samples can be represented by a straight-line equation form, whereas the permeability reduction of low and medium permeability CBM formations follows consistently an exponentially reduction mode. The increase of net stress causes a reduction in both (K/φ) and RQI values. The results also revealed that the effect of stress is more dominant for low permeability samples than that ones for medium permeability CBM.
Research Methane Hydrate Meta-stable Property for Application to Natural Gas Storage and Transportation
Authors: Dou Bin , Jiang Guosheng , Wu Xiang , Ning Fulong , Zhang Ling 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGas hydrates are group ice-like crystalline compounds, which form through a combination of water and suitably sized guest molecules under low temperature and high pressure conditions. The important properties of hydrate are very high gas to solid ratio, 1m3 of hydrate may contain up to 175m3 of gas (at standard condition). When the conditions change, the methanhydrate can dissociate to methane and water. Hydrate meta-stable (self-preservation) property has been reported by some researchers in recent years. If we can utilize the property economically in addition to its high-density gas containing property, it is possible to store and transport stranded natural gas at higher temperature and lower pressure compared to the conventional liquid natural gas method. The authors conducted laboratory experiments of methane hydrate dissociation in order to examine its potential for application to natural gas storage and transportation. As the result, relatively extremely slow dissociation was confirmed within temperature range between −7.5°C and −3°C. These results seem to be very promising for practical application of self preservation property to natural gas storage and transportation.