bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of defect states in the amorphous phase of phase change alloys GeTe and Ge2Sb2Te5
Authors: Luckas Jennifer , Krebs Daniel , Salinga Martin , Wuttig Matthias , Longeaud Christophe 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn amorphous materials localized states within the band gap govern the electronic transport properties. This work presents the first measurement of the density of states within the band gap of amorphous phase change alloys using modulated photo current experiments. Modulated photo current measurements performed on a‐Ge50Te50 and a‐Ge2Sb2Te5 show that the defect state density of both compositions is quite similar consisting of a pronounced valence band tail and at least two defect states (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Light scattering properties of surface‐textured substrates
Authors: Jäger Klaus , Isabella Olindo , Zhao Lu , Zeman Miro 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLight trapping in state‐of‐the‐art thin‐film silicon solar cells is accomplished by scattering of light at rough interfaces. Further enhancement of light absorption in the absorber layers can be achieved by optimizing the scattering via designing the morphology of these interfaces. The haze parameter and the angular intensity distribution of the scattered light were measured. The angular intensity measurements were carried out with variable angle spectrometry, allowing wavelengths in the visible and near infrared range. The measurements revealed new insights regarding the strong effects of the substrate surface roughness and morphology on the wavelength dependent variations of the angular intensity distribution. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ensemble data assimilation with the CNMCA regional forecasting system
Authors: Bonavita Massimo , Torrisi Lucio , Marcucci Francesca 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is likely to become a viable alternative to variational methods for the next generation of meteorological and oceanographic data assimilation systems. In this work we present results from real‐data assimilation experiments using the CNMCA regional numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasting system and compare them to the currently operational variational‐based analysis. The set of observations used is the same as the one ingested in the operational data stream, with the exception of satellite radiances and scatterometer winds. Results show that the EnKF‐based assimilation cycle is capable of producing analyses and forecasts of consistently superior skill in the root mean square error metric than CNMCA operational 3D‐Var.One of the most important issues in EnKF implementations lies in the filter tendency to become underdispersive for practical ensemble sizes. To combat this problem a number of different parametrizations of the model error unaccounted for in the assimilation cycle have been proposed. In the CNMCA system a combination of adaptive multiplicative and additive background covariance inflations has been found to give adequate results and to be capable of avoiding filter divergence in extended assimilation trials. The additive component of the covariance inflation has been implemented through the use of scaled forecast differences.Following suggestions that ensemble square‐root filters can violate the gaussianity assumption when used with nonlinear prognostic models, the statistical distribution of the forecast and analysis ensembles has been studied. No sign of the ensemble collapsing onto one or a few model states has been found, and the forecast and analysis ensembles appear to stay remarkably close to the assumed probability distribution functions. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry of oxaliplatin derivatives in heated intraoperative chemotherapy (HIPEC)‐like treated rat kidney
Authors: Bouslimani Amina , Bec Nicole , Glueckmann Matthias , Hirtz Christophe , Larroque Christian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOxaliplatin [1,2‐diaminocyclohexane (dach)‐Pt complex] is a platinum anticancer drug which is mainly used in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, particularly in Heated Intraoperative Chemotherapy (HIPEC) for the treatment of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis. In order to better understand the penetration of oxaliplatin in treated tissues we performed a direct imaging of tissue sections from HIPEC‐like treated rat kidney using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. This procedure allowed the detection and localization of oxaliplatin and its metabolites, the monocysteine and monomethionine complexes, in kidney sections. Specifically, oxaliplatin and its metabolites were localized exclusively in the kidney cortex, suggesting that it did not penetrate deeply into the organ. Based on these results, an imaging analysis of human tumors collected after HIPEC is currently in progress to assess the distribution of oxaliplatin and/or metabolites with the aim of defining clinical conditions to improve drug penetration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing identity trust in cryptographic key management systems for dynamic environments
Authors: Kayem Anne V. D. M. , Martin Patrick , Akl Selim G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCryptographic key management (CKM) schemes can be used to support identity management (IM) systems where linking users securely to data objects is important. CKM schemes enforce data security by encrypting data granting access only to authorized users and security compromises are prevented by updating any keys that are held by users from whom access rights have been revoked. Handling key updates efficiently and providing security against collusion attacks is challenging in dynamic environments like the Internet where manual Security management increases the likelihood of delayed responses. Delay increases the system's vulnerability to security attacks and the potential of the system's violating its service level agreements. Adaptive CKM has emerged as a possibility of addressing this problem but needs to be designed in a way that justifies the cost/benefit tradeoff. In this paper, we show that the key update and collusion avoidance problems are NP‐complete and need heuristic algorithms to prevent performance degradations in comparison to standard CKM schemes. As an example of the benefits of a good heuristic, we present a collusion detection and resolution algorithm whose running time is polynomial in the number of keys. The algorithm operates by mapping the generated key set onto a key graph whose independent set is computed. In the key graph, the vertices represent the keys and the edges the probability that their endpoints can be combined to provoke a collusion attack. Collusion possibilities are resolved by applying a heuristic that resets the probability to zero. The performance of our algorithm is analyzed in comparison to the Akl and Taylor scheme that is secure against collusion attack, and the experimental results indicate that collusion prevention can be done dynamically without affecting performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A combined score test for binary and ordinal endpoints from clinical trials
Authors: Whitehead John , Branson Michael , Todd Susan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThere is growing interest, especially for trials in stroke, in combining multiple endpoints in a single clinical evaluation of an experimental treatment. The endpoints might be repeated evaluations of the same characteristic or alternative measures of progress on different scales. Often they will be binary or ordinal, and those are the cases studied here. In this paper we take a direct approach to combining the univariate score statistics for comparing treatments with respect to each endpoint. The correlations between the score statistics are derived and used to allow a validcombined score testto be applied. A sample size formula is deduced and application in sequential designs is discussed. The method is compared with an alternative approach based on generalized estimating equations in an illustrative analysis and replicated simulations, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved code defect detection with fault links
Authors: Hayes Jane Huffman , Chemannoor Inies R. , Holbrook E. Ashlee 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFault links represent relationships between the types of code faults, or defects, and the types of components in which faults are detected. For example, our prior work validated that a fault link exists between Controller components and Control/Logic faults (such as unreachable code). Fault link information can guide code reviews, walkthroughs, testing, maintenance, and can advise fault seeding. In this paper, we use fault links to augment code reviews. Two experiments were undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of fault links, one with 26 Computer Science students and another with 24 software engineering professionals. The first experiment showed that fault link information assisted in finding more total defects and more ‘hard to detect’ defects, in the same amount of time, in a Java component of an online course management application. The experiment was repeated with professionals, adding a second Java component from the same application. For the second experiment, more total defects were found by the participants using fault link information for one of the two components and more hard to detect defects were found, in the same amount of time, in both Java components. The group using fault link information for code walkthroughs found, on average, 1.7–2 times more faults and 2–3 times more hard faults than the control group. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histological alterations in the prolactin cells of a teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis, after exposure to cypermethrin
Authors: Mishra Diwakar , Rai Rubi , Srivastav Sunil K. , Srivastav Ajai K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFreshwater fish Heteropneustes fossilis (H. fossilis) were subjected to 5.76 μg/L (80% of 96 h LC50) and 1.44 μg/L (20% of 96 h LC50) of cypermethrin for short‐term (96 h) and long‐term (28 days) duration, respectively. Plasma calcium of H. fossilis exposed for short term (96 h) to cypermethrin exhibited no change at 24 h. The levels indicate a decrease in plasma calcium at 48 h. This response persists till the close of experiment (96 h). No change has been noticed throughout the experiment in the histological structure and nuclear volume of prolactin cells of short‐term cypermethrin treated fish. Long‐term exposure of cypermethrin to fish provoked hypocalcemia. The prolactin cells remain unchanged till 7 days following cypermethrin treatment. After 14 days, the nuclear volume exhibits an increase and the cells exhibit degranulation. These changes increase progressively 21 days onwards. Also, few degenerating cells are discerned after 28 days. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2011.
Preparation and properties of polyurethane‐coated talcum/polypropylene composite materials
Authors: Jin Xin , Cui Yihua , Han Chen , Wang Jiabao , Ren Xiaoqian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn order to improve the toughness of polypropylene (PP) and expand its applications, a layer of polyurethane (PU) elastomer was coated on the surface of ultrafine talcum powder by an in‐situ synthesis method. In this way, an organic‐inorganic composite particle was formed. Then the surface‐treated talcum powder was mixed with melted PP to prepare PP composite materials through extrusion, granulation, and injection molding. Infrared spectral characterization and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis showed that there was a layer of PU elastomer on the surface of the talcum powder. Impact fracture analysis indicated that there was good compatibility between the talcum powder and the PP matrix. With the incorporation of PU elastomer coated on the surface of talcum powder, the toughness of PP was significantly improved, while the tensile strength decreased slightly. The optimum properties of the composite material were obtained when the weight fraction of talcum powder was 20% and the PU coating coverage was 25%. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Campaigning for children's oral health: A case study
Authors: Vaughan Kate 
Published: January 2010

AbstractArguably, the ultimate application of evidenced‐based communications is translating the research recommendations into a full‐fledged media campaign. This article explains the development and implementation of Watch Your Mouth, a campaign based on FrameWorks Institute's research on children's oral health. To date, this innovative campaign has been implemented in four states, with impressive results. Combining paid and earned media activity with community organizing and policy advocacy helped each state change the public perception of children's oral health as a largely cosmetic concern to a legitimate children's health issue.
Lessons from the story of early child development: Domain decisions and framing youth development
Authors: Bales Susan Nall , Gilliam Franklin D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article maintains that effective communications strategy derives from a complex understanding of frame coherence. In particular, this understanding calls for a closer examination of the ways in which the “pictures in people's heads” are activated by exposure to a key arena of frame contestation: the issue domain. Drawing from FrameWorks' research on child development, the authors show that by choosing to align child development with specific domains, advocates may serve to further entrench public thinking in ways that imperil expert policy recommendations. Parallel cautions are drawn for youth issues, with further research from the FrameWorks portfolio. While aligning child and adolescent development with health, workforce, or education may result in further news coverage to those policies, research suggests it may also depress support for those same public policies.
Inter-process buffers in separation logic with rely-guarantee
Authors: Bornat Richard , Amjad Hasan 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Separation logic allows simple proofs of concurrent algorithms which use blocking mechanisms such as semaphores. It can even deal with non-blocking algorithms. With the addition of mechanisms borrowed from rely-guarantee, we can make reasonably simple proofs of some simple non-blocking algorithms. We show that it extends to proofs of some intricate algorithms, including Simpson’s famous asynchronous four-slot buffer and Harris’s novel three-slot algorithm, in a manner that is arguably simpler than earlier treatments, though we cannot claim that we have yet found proofs that are as simple as we would wish. Our example proofs show functional correctness but do not deal with questions of liveness.
Negotiating Dominant Masculinity Ideology: Strategies Used by Gay, Bisexual and Questioning Male Adolescents
Authors: Wilson Bianca D. M. , Harper Gary W. , Hidalgo Marco A. , Jamil Omar B. , Torres Rodrigo Sebastián , Isabel Fernandez M. ,   Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn the context of a U.S. dominant masculinity ideology, which devalues men who are not heterosexually identified, many gay, bisexual and questioning (GBQ) adolescent males must develop their own affirming and health‐promoting sense of masculinity. In order to promote the well‐being of GBQ young men, exploration of their reactions and responses to dominant images of masculinity is needed. We qualitatively analyzed interviews with 39 GBQ African American, Latino, and European American male adolescents (15–23 years old). Participants reported a range of responses to traditional masculinity ideologies, most of which centered on balancing presentations of masculine and feminine characteristics. Negotiation strategies served a variety of functions, including avoiding anti‐gay violence, living up to expected images of masculinity, and creating unique images of personhood free of gender role expectations. These data suggest a complex picture of GBQ male adolescents' management of masculinity expectations and serve as a basis for culturally and developmentally specific HIV prevention programs.
How Perioperative Nurses Define, Attribute Causes of, and React to Intraoperative Nursing Errors
Authors: Chard Robin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractErrors in nursing practice pose a continuing threat to patient safety. A descriptive, correlational study was conducted to examine the definitions, circumstances, and perceived causes of intraoperative nursing errors; reactions of perioperative nurses to intraoperative nursing errors; and the relationships among coping with intraoperative nursing errors, emotional distress, and changes in practice made as a result of error.The results indicate that strategies of accepting responsibility and using self‐control are significant predictors of emotional distress. Seeking social support and planful problem solving emerged as significant predictors of constructive changes in practice. Most predictive of defensive changes was the strategy of escape/avoidance.
Distance Learning for the RN First Assistant
Authors: Degon Ronald 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe number of online, distance‐learning programs has increased to accommodate the needs of today's adult learners; these include new programs that feature perioperative courses for RN first assistants (RNFAs). Whereas the advantages of these programs include flexible schedules and the ability to participate at one's own pace, the disadvantages can include the lack of immediate access to faculty members who can answer questions or clarify information, and the added difficulty of learning a technical skill without hands‐on training. The RNFA training program at Rock Valley College, Rockford, Illinois, is a hybrid training program that includes three phases: an online component, a hands‐on workshop, and a clinical preceptorship.
Prolonged maternal separation decreases granule cell number in the dentate gyrus of 3‐week‐old male rats
Authors: Oreland Sadia , Nylander Ingrid , Pickering Chris 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMaternal separation (MS) early in life affects many aspects of development and we have previously observed significant decreases in NMDA and AMPA receptor and elevated glutamate transporter expression in the hippocampus of MS360 animals relative to MS15. We hypothesized that this disruption of the glutamatergic system in adult animals was a sign of a reduction in hippocampal neuronal number in 3‐week‐old animals. Male Wistar rat pups were separated litter‐wise for 15 min (MS15) or 360 min (MS360) from postnatal day 1 to 21. Conventional laboratory reared animals were also included. At postnatal day 22, brains were dissected and sliced on a cryostat. Immunohistochemistry labeled neurons (NeuN) and astrocytes (GFAP) and the number of neurons was quantified using the disector method and Cavalieri principle for stereology for the CA1, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus. The volume of 4 regions did not differ across the 3 experimental groups. Numerical density of neurons, however, was significantly different in CA3 (one‐way ANOVA;p= 0.044) and the dentate gyrus (one‐way ANOVA;p< 0.0001) with post hoc differences MS360 vs. MS15. Finally, the total number of neurons was calculated and MS360 animals had significantly fewer neurons than MS15 animals in the dentate gyrus. Therefore, the maternal separation procedure affected development of the hippocampus directly at 3 weeks of age. The differences observed consequently place young MS360 animals in a vulnerable state for challenges later in life.
Single access laparoscopy for adnexal pathologies using a novel reusable port and curved instruments
Authors: Mereu Liliana , Angioni Stefano , Melis Gian Benedetto , Mencaglia Luca 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo present our initial experience using single access laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of benign adnexal pathologies.MethodsSixteen patients with benign adnexal pathologies underwent salpingoophorectomy (n = 9), ovarian cyst enucleation (n = 5), or salpingectomy (n = 2) using a laparoendoscopic single site approach with a new multiport reusable trocar and flexible and curved—as well as standard—laparoscopic instruments.ResultsConversion to a multi‐access standard laparoscopic technique was not required in any patient and no intraoperative complications were observed. Postoperatively, one umbilical scar infection was detected. Mean operative time was 42 minutes.ConclusionLaparoscopic single site enucleation for adnexal pathologies is feasible, safe, and effective, and has good results for cosmetic appearance and postoperative pain. Use of specialized instruments and standardization of the technique affect surgical ergonomy and operating time.
Cell‐free placental mRNA in maternal plasma to predict placental invasion in patients with placenta accreta
Authors: El Behery Manal M. , Rasha L. Etewa , El Alfy Yehya 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether measuring cell‐free placental mRNA in maternal plasma improves the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and color Doppler in detecting placental invasion in patients at risk for placenta accreta.MethodsThirty‐five singleton pregnant women of more than 28 weeks of gestation and at risk for placenta accreta underwent ultrasound and color Doppler assessment. Cell‐free placental mRNA in maternal plasma was measured using real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. Patients were classified into 2 groups based on the findings at cesarean delivery and histological examination: women with placenta accreta (n = 7) and women without placenta accreta (n = 28).ResultsThe median MoM (multiples of the median) value of cell‐free placental mRNA was significantly higher in patients with placenta accreta than in those without placenta accreta (6.50 vs 2.60; P < 0.001. Moreover, cell‐free placental mRNA was significantly elevated in patients with placenta increta and percreta than in those with simple accreta. Six false‐positive results were found on ultrasound, all from patients without placenta accreta and an insignificant rise in cell‐free placental mRNA levels.ConclusionMeasuring cell‐free placental mRNA in maternal plasma may increase the accuracy of ultrasound and color Doppler in prenatal prediction of placental invasion in patients with suspected placenta accreta.