bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS FOR CONTROL OF POSTHARVEST BROWN AND GRAY MOLD ROTS ON APRICOT
Authors: HASSANI ABBAS , FATHI ZOHREH , GHOSTA YOUBERT , ABDOLLAHI ALI , MESHKATALSADAT MOHAMMAD HADI , MARANDI RASUL JALILI 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study, antifungal activities of Thymus vulgaris L., Eugenia caryophyllata L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume and Carum copticum L. essential oils against Monilinia fructicola and Botrytis cinerea, two important postharvest pathogens of stone fruit, were investigated under in vivo studies. Results showed that the essential oil treatments, especially T. vulgaris and E. caryophyllata oils, had a good antifungal activity in reduction of both disease incidence and disease severity of brown and gray mold rots caused by M. fructicola and B. cinerea on apricots, respectively. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry analysis of tested essential oils showed that thymol (37.55%), eugenol (48.76%), cinnamaldehyde (90.33%) and thymol (50.88%) were the main components of T. vulgaris, E. caryophyllata, C. zeylanicum, C. copticum oils, respectively. Application of C. copticum and E. caryophyllata oils on apricot fruit showed a significant effect on fruit quality retention as evaluated with weight loss (%), fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and maturity index in sensory parameters. These results revealed that T. vulgaris and E. caryophyllata oils could be natural alternatives to fungicides in the control of M. fructicola and B. cinerea infections.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSBecause of problems related to synthetic fungicide application, calls for research into new potential safe strategies for control of postharvest decay in crops. Plant products, especially essential oils, are one of the most promising groups of natural compounds for development of indigenous nature, nonmammalian toxicity and antimicrobial agents and their employment for the control of different postharvest pathogens is also well documented. The results of in vivo (cold storage of fruits) experiments, in this study, showed that essential oil treatment had significant effects on fungal growth. The number of infected fruits and disease severity were reduced in oil‐treated fruit and with increase of essential oil concentration the fungal growth decreased. Therefore, these compounds could be an alternative to chemical fungicides for the control of postharvest fungal diseases on apricot fruits. In addition, the application of plant essential oils could be named as new safe method for control of agricultural products.
Evaluation of lateral flow devices for identification of infected poultry by testing swab and feather specimens during H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Vietnam
Authors: Slomka Marek J. , To Thanh L. , Tong Hien H. , Coward Vivien J. , Mawhinney Ian C. , Banks Jill , Brown Ian H. 
Published: December 2011

Please cite this paper as: Slomka et al. (2012) Evaluation of lateral flow devices for identification of infected poultry by testing swab and feather specimens during H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Vietnam. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(5), 318–327.Background Evaluation of two commercial lateral flow devices (LFDs) for avian influenza (AI) detection in H5N1 highly pathogenic AI infected poultry in Vietnam.Objectives  Determine sensitivity and specificity of the LFDs relative to a validated highly sensitive H5 RRT PCR.Methods  Swabs (cloacal and tracheal) and feathers were collected from 46 chickens and 48 ducks (282 clinical specimens) and tested by both LFDs and H5 RRT PCR. A subset of 59 chicken and 34 duck specimens was also tested by virus isolation (VI), the ‘gold standard’.Results  Twenty‐six chickens and 15 ducks were shown to be infected by at least one RRT PCR positive clinical specimen per bird. Bird‐level sensitivity for the Anigen LFD was 84·6% for chickens and 53·3% for ducks, and for the Quickvue LFD 65·4% for chickens and 33·3% for ducks. Comparison of the three clinical specimens revealed that chicken feathers were the most sensitive with 84% and 56% sensitivities for Anigen and Quickvue respectively. All 21 RRT PCR positive swabs from ducks were negative by both LFDs. However, duck feather testing gave sensitivities of 53·3% and 33·3% for Anigen and Quickvue respectively. Specificity was 100% for both LFDs in all investigations.Conclusions  Although LFDs were less sensitive than AI RRT PCR and VI, high titre viral shedding in H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infected and diseased chickens is sufficient for a proportion of birds to be identified as AI infected by LFDs. Feathers were the optimal specimen for LFD testing in such diseased HPAI scenarios, particularly for ducks where swab testing by LFDs failed to identify any infected birds. However, specimens should be forwarded to the laboratory for confirmation by more sensitive diagnostic techniques.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as a Strategy to Arrest Enamel Demineralization: A Short‐Term Study on Incipient Caries in a Rat Model†
Authors: Baptista Alessandra , Kato Ilka T. , Prates Renato A. , Suzuki Luis C. , Raele Marcus P. , Freitas Anderson Z. , Ribeiro Martha S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study we developed a rat model of incipient caries to investigate the short‐term effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on oral microbiota regulation and demineralization arrestment. Twenty‐nine male rats were submitted to caries induction. Early carious lesion was confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) 5 days after experiment beginning in five animals. The remaining animals (n = 24) were randomly divided into two groups: control (n = 12), animals were untreated; and aPDT (n = 12), animals were treated with 100 μM of methylene blue for 5 min and irradiated by a light emitting diode at λ = 645 ± 30 nm, fluence rate of 480 mW cm−2 and exposure time of 3 min. Bacterial burden was evaluated before, immediately after, 3, 7 and 10 days following treatment, and total number of microaerophilic bacteria was counted. OCT was also used to quantify teeth demineralization. A significant bacterial decrease of about 1.6 log was observed immediately after aPDT. Besides, bacterial load in aPDT group remained lower than control until 10 days post‐treatment (P < 0.05) and variation of optical attenuation coefficient before and after aPDT was 15%, corroborating to caries arrestment. Put together, these findings suggest that aPDT was competent to reduce cariogenic bacteria and to avoid further mineral loss.
Expert opinion and key recommendations for the physical therapy and rehabilitation of patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: OZGOCMEN Salih , AKGUL Ozgur , ALTAY Zuhal , ALTINDAG Ozlem , BAYSAL Ozlem , CALIS Mustafa , CAPKIN Erhan , CEVIK Remzi , DURMUS Bekir , GUR Ali , KAMANLI Ayhan , KARKUCAK Murat , MADENCI Ercan , MELIKOGLU Meltem A. , NAS Kemal , SENEL Kazim , UGUR Mahir 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim:  Physiotherapy is an integral part of the management of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and there is a need for recommendations which focus on the rehabilitation of patients with AS. We aimed to develop recommendations for the physical therapy and rehabilitation of patients with AS based on the evidence and expertise.Methods:  The Anatolian Group for the Assessment in Rheumatic Diseases (ANGARD) is a scientific group of Turkish academicians (physiatrists and rheumatologists) who are experts in the rehabilitation of patients with AS. A systematic literature search summarizing the current available physiotherapy and rehabilitation trials in AS were presented to the experts before a special 2‐day meeting. Experts attending this meeting first defined a framework based on the main principles and thereafter collectively constructed six major recommendations on physiotherapy and rehabilitation in AS. After the meeting an email survey was conducted to rate the strength of the recommendations.Results:  Six key recommendations which cover the general principles of rehabilitation in AS in terms of early intervention, initial and follow‐up assessments and monitoring, contraindications and precautions, key advice for physiotherapy methods and exercise were constructed.Conclusion:  These recommendations were developed using evidence‐based data and expert opinion. The implementation of these recommendations should encourage a more comprehensive and methodical approach in the rehabilitation of patients with AS. Regular lifelong exercise is the mainstay of rehabilitation and there is a considerable need for well‐designed studies which will enlighten the role of physical therapy in the management of AS.
The temporal dynamics of bacterial communities across human anterior nares
Authors: Camarinha‐Silva Amélia , Jáuregui Ruy , Pieper Dietmar H. , Wos‐Oxley Melissa L. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThe anterior nares (nostrils), are an important niche for bacterial colonization by both commensals and opportunistic pathogens. Here the temporal dynamics and variation of the global nasal bacterial community across 25 healthy volunteers was evaluated over 15 months. Overall, there was a global seasonal shift in bacterial community structure. Such a temporal shift was also strongly evident in the abundances of species such as Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. However, such species dynamics over time was also inter‐individual‐dependent, and both individuals with highly stable communities and those with highly flexible communities could be defined. Even though the bacterial community of individual volunteers was thus generally variable over time and permanent carriage of a given species was seldomly observed, various species previously defined as constituting the core bacterial community could be identified as persistent in a subset of the volunteers suggesting that these same species also constitute to a ‘temporal’ core community.
Highly divergentStaphylococcus aureusisolates from African non‐human primates
Authors: Schaumburg F. , Alabi A. S. , Köck R. , Mellmann A. , Kremsner P. G. , Boesch C. , Becker K. , Leendertz F. H. , Peters G. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryStaphylococcus aureusis a bacterium that colonizes and infects both humans and animals. As little is known about the phenotypic and molecular characteristics ofS. aureusfrom wild animals in sub‐Saharan Africa, the objective of the study was to characterizeS. aureusisolates from wildlife and to analyse if they differed from those found among humans. The resistance to penicillin was low inS. aureusisolates from non‐human primates (2.9%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences from multilocus sequence typing revealed two highly divergent groups of isolates. One group was predominated byS. aureusthat belonged to known human‐related STs (ST1, ST9 and ST601) and mainly derived from great apes. A second clade comprised isolates with novel STs. These isolates were different from classical humanS. aureusstrains and mainly derived from monkeys. Our findings provide the basis for future studies addressing the inter‐ and intra‐species transmission ofS. aureusin Africa.
Pulmonary fibrosis and gammaherpesvirus infection in horses
Authors: Dunkel B. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryPulmonary fibrosis is a devastating and often progressive condition leading to exercise intolerance and frequently the demise of the animal. Although uncommonly encountered in horses, the condition is intensely researched both in human medicine and animal models. Viral infections have long been suspected to play a part in the development of pulmonary fibrosis and neoplastic conditions in other species. In 2007, an association between equine herpesvirus 5 (EHV‐5) infection and nodular pulmonary fibrosis in horses was suggested and the name equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) was introduced. Recently, the presence of EHV‐5 in equine lymphoma has also emerged. The case report bySchwarzet al.in this issue describes a horse suffering from concurrent T cell leukaemia and EMPF in association with EHV‐5. This article summarises current knowledge about EMPF and EHV‐5 infections in horses, recent developments in the understanding of pulmonary fibrosis in man and the proposed contribution of viral infections to pulmonary fibrosis and neoplastic conditions.
CONCEPTUAL AND EMBODIMENT DESIGN OF ROBOTIC PROTOTYPES
Authors: LEMBURG JOHANNES , KIRCHNER FRANK 
Published: December 2011

Main advances in artificial intelligence robotics are algorithms, embodied in software on the level of application software. Low-level hardware programming, electronic, and mechanics are the necessary basis to enable the implementation of newly developed algorithms. Complex autonomous systems are challenged by the tasks that require fast reactions, resulting in high accelerations and forces. These systems, therefore, generally need low masses, stiff limbs, and a precise control. To boost AI-research, more robotic systems that are appropriate to specific research questions are needed. Mechanical design is, therefore, faced with the task to provide specialized systems with a given amount of time and factors of production. This paper outlines an approach to increase the efficiency of engineering design in the field of robotics by analyzing the bilateral influence of the system concept with embodiment design driven by the state of the art small-batch manufacturing technologies. The humanoid robotic system AILA is presented and the selected steps out of its design process are discussed. A way to clearly state the axioms and requirements that the developed system is based on is presented. The resulting dependencies lead to the embodiment design of the systems components, which are also influenced by the choice of suitable manufacturing technologies.
Acute Coronary Syndrome and Khat Herbal Amphetamine Use
Authors: Ali Waleed M. , Al Habib K.F. , Al-Motarreb Ahmed , Singh Rajvir , Hersi Ahmad , Al Faleh Hussam , Asaad Nidal , Al Saif Shukri , Almahmeed Wael , Sulaiman Kadhim , Amin Haitham , Al-Lawati Jawad , Al Bustani Nizar , Al-Sagheer Norah Q. , Al-Qahtani Awad , Al Suwaidi Jassim 
Published: December 2011

Background—
The khat plant is a stimulant similar to amphetamine and is thought to induce coronary artery spasm. Khat is widely chewed by individuals originating from the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcome of khat chewers presenting with acute coronary syndrome.

Methods and Results—
From October 1, 2008, through June, 30, 2009, 7399 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome were enrolled in the Second Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events (Gulf RACE-2). Nineteen percent of patients were khat chewers; 81% were not. Khat chewers were older, more often male, and less likely to have cardiovascular risk factors. Khat chewers were less likely to have a history of coronary artery disease and more likely to present late and to have higher heart rate and advanced Killip class on admission. Khat chewers were more likely to present with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Overall, khat chewers had higher risk of death, recurrent myocardial ischemia, cardiogenic shock, ventricular arrhythmia, and stroke compared with non–khat chewers. After adjustment for baseline variability, khat chewing was found to be an independent risk factor of death and for recurrent ischemia, heart failure, and stroke.

Conclusions—
Our data confirm earlier observations of worse in-hospital outcome among acute coronary syndrome patients who chew khat. This worse outcome persists up to 1 year from the index event. This observational report underscores the importance of improving education concerning the cardiovascular risks of khat chewing.
Coalitions destabilize dyadic dominance relationships in male Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)
Authors: Berghänel Andreas , Ostner Julia , Schülke Oliver 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Dyadic agonistic dominance relationships are thought to result from
asymmetries in both intrinsic and extrinsic power. One form of extrinsic
power is the ability to solicit agonistic support from other individuals. In
extreme cases extrinsic power differences may override intrinsic power
differences so that physically inferior individuals attain rank positions
above stronger competitors. In other cases superior extrinsic power in
physically inferior individuals may destabilize the otherwise clear
dominance relationships. We tested this prediction with observational data
on adult males in one of three free-ranging groups of Barbary macaques at
Affenberg Salem, Germany. All prime males that were subjects of this study
were at least 5–8 years (average 10 years) younger than the old post-prime
males that were all subordinate to them. Assuming large age differences to
reflect large intrinsic/physical power differences, interactions between
these prime and the old males allowed investigation of the separate effects
of intrinsic and extrinsic power asymmetries on dominance relationships. We
estimated relationship instability using four different estimates (counter
aggression, conflicts initiated by aggression from the subordinate,
spontaneous submissions by dominants, and decided conflicts won by the
subordinate). Relationship instability did not decrease with increasing
asymmetry in intrinsic power. Instead, all four measures of relationship
instability were positively related to the number of times the dominant in a
dyad was target of destabilizing coalitions. Destabilizing coalitions
targeted dominant males in old male–prime male dyads more often than in old
male–old male dyads. Consequently, old males had less stable relationships
with the much stronger prime males than with each other. We conclude that
extrinsic power asymmetries predicted the instability of dyadic dominance
relationships and may systematically override intrinsic power
asymmetries.
Drinking behaviour of the orb web spider Argiope bruennichi (Araneae; Araneidae)
Authors: Walter André , Westphal Constanze , Bliss Peter , Moritz Robin F.A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Water is essential for survival in terrestrial animals. Balancing the water
budget can be achieved by avoiding water loss and gaining water. In
arthropods drinking as a process of water gain is well investigated in
insects. In spiders drinking has only been shown to be present in cursorial
spiders but not revealed for web builders. However, some orb web spiders
were observed to occasionally ingest water droplets in the web. We here
tested whether this reflects drinking. We subjected individual
Argiope bruennichi spiders to two different treatments
— 'water deprivation' vs. 'water saturation'. We conducted drinking tests by
recording the spider's behavioural response to spraying the web with defined
amounts of water. After spraying A. bruennichi searched the
silk-overstitched web hub for water droplets and ingested them. Individuals
that experienced the water deprivation treatment showed significantly more
water ingesting behaviours, revealing that this response represents a true
drinking mode. All individuals exclusively searched the covered web hubs. We
further demonstrated that this structure can retain water for up to 40 min
providing an effective substrate for the spiders to drink from. Hence,
without the need of leaving the web the silk-covered hubs may help
A. bruennichi spiders to balance their water
budget.
Shadowing Jacob’s Journey: Gen 47:13-26 as a Sideshadow
Authors: Sigmon Brian O. 
Published: December 2011

The narrative of the Egyptians selling themselves as slaves to Pharaoh (Gen. 47:13-26) is frequently understood as an interpolation into the larger context of Genesis 37-50. This paper argues that Gen. 47:13-26 should be understood as a “sideshadow,” a literary device designed to give a sense of alternative possibilities within a narrative. Understanding the passage in this way enables one to recognize its function within the surrounding narrative of Israel’s journey into Egypt in Genesis 46-47.
Settling in Egypt contains the inherent threats of assimilation and submission to the authority of Pharaoh, as well as the loss of the land promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The narrative of Jacob’s journey, however, exhibits a broad concern for showing how his distinctive identity as a patriarch of Israel is maintained. Within this larger narrative, the episode of Joseph enslaving the Egyptians feels disjointed, standing out as a self-contained unit unconnected to its context. However, if one understands the passage as a sideshadow, Gen. 47:13-26 does shed light on Jacob’s journey into Egypt. It illuminates the conditions of the Israelites’ entry into Egypt by portraying how the journey might have taken place, but ultimately did not. Instead, Joseph’s position of power and his reconciliation with his family prevented their dispossession, ensuring that they entered Egypt with their wealth and identity intact.
Envisioning a Monastery: A Seventeenth-Century Buddhist Fundraising Appeal Album
Authors: Kindall Elizabeth 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article is devoted to an early seventeenth-century folio album (now mounted as a handscroll) assembled to invite potential donors to contribute to the reconstruction of Fuyuan Monastery, located on an island in Lake Tai, near Suzhou. The album included two paintings representing the monastery as it might look after reconstruction as well as a set of calligraphies by Suzhou luminaries recording the efforts of the monk who had initiated the fund-raising campaign and encouraging contributions. The artistic and social circumstances of the endeavor are analyzed on the basis of the texts in the album and other contemporary sources.
Redefining Good Government: Shifting Paradigms in Song Dynasty (960-1279) Discourse on "Fengjian"
Authors: Song Jaeyoon 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article describes changing political visions of the Chinese literati during the two halves of the Song dynasty, as reflected in their discourse on the fengjian (classical enfeoffment) system of antiquity. In the aftermath of the An Lushan rebellion (755-763), a group of political thinkers criticized that system as an ungrounded historical anachronism. This idea gained currency among a majority of the Northern Song statesmen and literati who supported the centralization project of the founding emperors. With the fall of the Northern Song, the ancient fengjian doctrine resurfaced as a sustained constitutional discourse on government. Contesting the imperial vision of centralization and interventionism, Southern Song literati redefined good government for their time.
Cost of Breeding in Oniscid Isopods: A Partial Review
Authors: Warburg M. R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOniscid isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea) are able to provide extra developmental time to their young. This is done by having an internal oviposition: mature eggs are oviposited into the marsupium (brood pouch) where they undergo ermbryogenesis. That way the female increases the energetic cost, reflected in the loss in body mass during gestation and incubation (marsupial embryogenesis). This is the reproductive allocation (RA). Some isopod species extend this energetic support to their young by feeding and protecting them. This is the parental investment (PI). These subjects are discussed and reviewed. The production of young during the isopods' lifetime or the reproductive potential of the species (RP) are of major significance for the survival of a species. The RP depends on longevity and both breeding patterns and strategies of the species of isopods. These subjects are discussed and reviewed.