bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reaction between 1,3‐dichloro‐4,6‐dinitrobenzene and sodium glycolate
Authors: Blanksma J. J. , Fohr P. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBoth the chlorine atoms in 1,3‐dichloro‐4,6‐dinitrobenzene can be replaced by the glycol residue by interaction with sodium glycolate dissolved in glycol. 4‐6‐Dinitrophenyl‐1,3‐di‐(β‐hydroxyethyl ether), so obtained, gives powerfully explosive nitrate esters when treated with nitric acid; the structure of these esters has been determined by the method described below.
Eugenine and eugenone, new compounds from wild‐growing clove varieties. (Eugenia caryophyllata Thungb.)
Authors: Meijer Th. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUpon the investigation of cloves from the different regions of the Moluccas, several wildgrowing varities were collected which were distinguished from the cultivated ones in appearance and odour. They were bigger and did not develop the characteristic odour of the ordinary cloves. The content of essential oil was much less, and varied from 3.6‐6.0% compared with 16.9‐23.2% for 150 samples of cultivated cloves. A table of the physical constants of the essential oil of 10 samples of wild cloves from various places is given. The most remarkable fact about these oils, however, was the absence of eugenol, which occurs in the oil of ordinary cloves to an amount of 64‐85 %. Instead, crystalline substances were deposited which until now had not been isolated from the oil of cloves. It was shown that two different compounds occurred, viz. C11H10O4 and C10H12O4; one of which was always present to the greater extent. They could easily be purified. The substance C11H10O4 with a melting point of 119‐120° C gave a violet colour with ferric chloride in alcoholic solution. One methyl group was present, and on acetylation a substance with a melting point of 150‐151° C was obtained, which according to the acetyl determination contained one acetyl group. Upon oxidation with potassium permanganate, oxalic acid was detected and a substance (C9H10O3) which has not yet been identified. On demethylation with hydroiodic acid (sp. gr. 1.7) a substance C10H8O4 was obtained with a melting point of 286° C, which agreed very well with the description of 5,7‐dihydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin. For the compound C11H10O4 the formula of 7‐methoxy‐5‐hydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin was established, and the name eugenine was given to it.The substance C10H12O4 gave a dark red colour with alcoholic ferric chloride and had a melting point of 98° C. It contained two methoxyl groups and gave a p‐nitrophenylhydrazone with, a melting point of 221° C. Oxidation with sulphuric acid and potassium bichromate led to the isolation of 2,6‐dimethoxyquinone C6H8O4, melting point 250° C and the development of the odour of acetic acid. Treated with iodine in alkaline medium the smell of iodoform was observed, indicating the presence of an acetyl group. Fusion of the substance with a mixture of potassium and sodium hydroxide gave phloroglucinol. From these results the compound was identified as 2,6‐dimethoxy‐4‐hydroxy‐acetophenone. and it was called eugenone.
On the structure of expansine, a bactericidal and fungicidal substance in penicillium expansum westl.
Authors: Th. Nauta W. , Oosterhuis H. K. , van der Linden A. C. , van Duyn P. , Dienske J. W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFrom this investigation it is concluded that expansine C7H6O4, a substance with bactericidal and fungicidal properties isolated by Oosterhuis and Luyken ) H. K. Oosterhuis and R. Luyken, unpublished work.
) from the culture liquid of Penicillium expansum Westl., very probably has the structure of an anhydro‐3‐hydroxymethylene‐tetrahydro‐γ‐pyron‐2‐carboxylic acid.Expansine is probably identical with patulin ) Patulin: H. Raistrick, J. H. Birkenshaw, A. Bracken, W. E. Gye, W. A. Hopkins and M. Greenwood, Lancet 245, 625–634 (1943). E. Chain, Brit. Med. Bull. 2, 1 (1944). Article in Brit. Med. J. 27/11/1943, p. 683. C. H. Stuart Harris, E. Francis and J. M. Staufeld, Lancet 245, 684 (1943). E. Chain, H. W. Florey, M. A. Jennings, D. Crowfoot and B. Low, Lancet 246, 112 (1944), Compt. rend. 1944 II. 25. I. R. Hooper, H. W. Anderson, P. Skell and H. E. Carter, Science (New York) 99, 16 (1944), Compt. rend. 1944 II. 25. Kenneth Walker and B. P. Wiesner, Lancet 246, 294 (1944), Compt. rend. 1944 II, 25. Schweiz. Med. Wochschr. 74, 611—636 (1944). Renseignements scientifiques d'hygiène, médicine et biologie no. 2, 44 (1944). Nachrichten für Aussenhandel Nr. 134 (1944). Chemie 57, 79 (1944).
), claviformin ) Claviformin: Wilkins and Harris, J. Exptl. Path. 23, 166 (1942). E. Chain, H. W. Florey and H A. Jennings loc. cit. E. Chain, H. W. Florey, A. D. Gardner, N. G. Heatley, M. A. Jennings, J. Orr Ewing and A. G. Sanders, Lancet 242, 226 (1940).
) and clavacin ) Clavacin: G. A. Glister, Nature 148, 470 (1941). B. P. Wiesner. Nature 149, 356 (1941). I. R. Hooper, H. W. Anderson, P. Skell and H. E. Garter loc. cit. Kenneth Walker and B. P. Wiesner loc. cit. Waksman and Horning‐Spencer, J. Bact. 45, 233 (1943).
).
The nitration of dianisoylmethane and para‐methoxydesoxybenzoin
Authors: van Steenis J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSome derivatives of dianisoylmethane are described.The action of absolute nitric acid upon dianisoylmethane and para‐methoxydesoxybenzoin is investigated. The first compound forms 1,3‐diparamethoxyphenyl‐1,3‐dioxo‐2‐nitropropane (dianisoylnitromethane). Beside this reaction the molecule is oxidized to anisic acid, while, depending on the reaction circumstances, 3‐nitro‐ and 3,5‐dinitroanisic acid are formed.Anisic acid and 3‐nitroanisic acid form a molecular compound in the ratio 1:1.Upon nitrating p‐methoxydesoxybenzoin, nitro groups are introduced into the benzene nucleus, while at the same time the. CO. CH2. C6H5 group is replaced by a nitro group.
Studies of gas absorption. I. Liquid film resistance to gas absorption in scrubbers
Authors: van Krevelen D. W. , Hoftijzer P. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA dimensionless equation has been derived for the mass transfer coefficient in the liquid phase (k1) both for physical and chemical absorption.The equation can be written:

where the dimensionless groups2) have the following significance:

When the absorption is purely physical the group Ha has the value of 1. The equation is checked with the available data in the literature and those from experiments by the authors.The “constant” c seems to depend on the relation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{{\rm diameter}\,{\rm of}\,{\rm packing}}}{{{\rm height}\,{\rm of}\,{\rm scrubber}}} $\end{document}; the function can be approximated by the formula:

The equation derived resembles the non‐dimensionless equation of Sherwood and Holloway3) (for physical absorption).
A simple method for the preparation of 4‐carbethoxy pyridine (ethyl isonicotinate)
Authors: van Dorp D. A. , Arens J. F. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract4‐Carbethoxypyridine can be prepared in a simple way by treating pyridine with zinc and ethyl chloroformate, and subsequent thermal decomposition of the tetrahydrodipyridyl derivative (I) formed. The dihydropyridine derivative (II) then formed can be easily converted into the desired 4‐carbethoxypyridine (III) by heating with sulphur.
The constituents of the bark of diospyros maritima bl.
Authors: Meijer Th. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe ground bark of Diospyros maritima gave on extraction with ether a mixture of several substances, three of which were isolated in a crystalline and pure form. The first substance had a melting point of 216°C, was colourless, insoluble in alkali and had the composition C20H32O. Acetylation led to the isolation of a product with a melting point of 232°C; an acetyl determination did not give satisfactory results. The second substance isolated from the extract turned out to be identical with scopoletin, 7‐hydroxy‐6‐methoxy‐coumarin. Several derivatives have been prepared. The third substance proved to be identical with plumbagin, 5‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1,4‐napthoquinone, the active principle of Plumbago species. A review of several uses of Plumbago roots in India, Malayan States and Java is given. The relation to vitamin K is discussed.
Cell dimensions and space group of regular acid sodium acetate: CH3COONa. CH3COOH
Authors: Lebret M. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA rotation diagram and several Sauter diagrams were made of regular acid sodium acetate, CH3COONa. CH3COOH, around the [001] axis. The period amounts to 15.86 ± 0.01 Å. Measured density: 1.39. Number of molecules per cell: 24. Space group: Th7 ‐ I a 3. Wyckoff's tentative determination is thereby confirmed.
The taste of 3‐aminobenzonitrile and its derivatives
Authors: Blanksma J. J. , Petri E. M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstractm‐Nitraniline is 40 times2) and m‐aminobenzonitrile 25 times as sweet as cane sugar. Both are volatile in steam. Replacement of the NO2 group by CN reduces the sweet taste by a third. Hydrolysis of the CN to CONH2 causes the sweet taste and also the volatility in steam to disappear. Tasteless compounds are also produced when the amino group is acylated.By condensing 3‐aminobenzonitrile with 1‐chloro‐2: 4‐dinitrobenzene there is produced 3′‐cyano‐2: 4‐dinitrodiphenylamine, which is tasteless and this on reduction with sodium disulphide gives tasteless 3′‐cyano‐2‐amino‐4‐nitrodiphenylamine.
The essential oil from the leaves of clausena anisata Hook.f.
Authors: Meijer Th. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA survey of the literature on the leaves of Clausena anisata is given. Distillation of the leaves yields 3.4‐7.1% of oil, the young leaves as a rule yielding a higher percentage of oil than the old ones. The chief constituent of the oil is anethole, varying from 74.3‐89.6% of the oil. On cooling, the oil solidifies. Leaves picked every month of the year have been distilled in order to obtain information about the seasonal variation of the oil and anethole contents; also the constants of each oil have been determined. The variation was shown to be small, both with regard to yield and the anethole content. A diagram has been drawn in which the variation of oil and anethole content are plotted.The economic prospect of this oil is discussed.
Über Para‐ und Diamagnetische Nickelverbindungen IV
Authors: Lifschitz I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDiformylaethylendiimincampher‐Nickel ist im festen Zustand in Benzenlösung diamagnetisch, in Methylalkohol und einigen anderen Medien paramagnetisch. Die Rotationsdispersion seiner Lösungen in Benzen‐ und Methylalkohol wurde gemessen. Über den Zustand des gelösten Stoffes und die Ursachen des Cottoneffectes ergeben sich hieraus einige Schlussfolgerungen.
A cyclic process for the preparation of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride
Authors: Reinders W. , Nicolai H. W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe equilibria in the system of reciprocal salt pairs NH4HN3 + NaCl ⇄ NaHCO3 + NH4Cl were examined at 0, 10, 25 and 35°C and in solutions with various concentrations of NH3. From these equilibria were deduced the conditions for a cyclic process for the production of NaHCO3 and NH4Cl from NaCl and NH4HCO3.
Odourless thiocol
Authors: Blanksma J. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWith sodium disulphide in alcoholic solution ethylene dichloride (α,β‐dichloroethane) gives diethylene 1,2,5,6‐tetra‐sulphide1, and with sodium polysulphide (Na2S5) in aqueous emulsion it forms polymeric ethylene polysulphide, which is known as the artificial rubber, thiocol2. Both have an unpleasant garlic‐like odour which can be removed by mixing with copper powder when odourless thiocol is obtained.
Analyse des Produits de Polymérisation d'Hydrocarbures au Moyen des Spectres d'Absorption Infrarouges
Authors: Lecomte J. , Leendertse J. J. , Waterman H. I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDe nombreux échantillons, représentant des produits de polymérisation d'hydrocarbures, préparés et déjà étudiés à différents points de vue au Laboratoire de Chimie Industrielle à Delft, ont été soumis à l'analyse spectrale infrarouge au Laboratoire des Recherches physiques à la Sorbonne. On confirme ainsi la plupart des résultats obtenus à Delft en les complétant, et en montrant que le recours au spectre infrarouge fournit des renseignements intéressants sur ces produits de poids moléculaire élevé.
Influence of cadmium‐ and lead halides on the photo‐sensitivity of silver halides
Authors: Burgers W. G. , Kooy J. N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMixed crystals of AgBr with a few % of PbBr2 and of AgCl with a few % of CdCl2 were prepared, partly by co‐precipitation and partly from the melt. Debije‐Scherrer photographs showed no change in lattice parameter compared with the pure silver halides. That actually mixed crystals were formed was concluded from the marked decrease in photosensitivity (colouring on exposure to ultraviolet light) as compared to that of the pure halides.
The presence of acid esters of l‐nor‐ecgonine in coca leaves
Authors: de Jong A. W. K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe amino acid formerly1) separated from Java coca leaves is l‐nor‐ecgonine, which Einhorn has obtained by oxidation of l‐ecgonine with potassium permanganate in alkaline solution. It is present in the leaves as acid esters. The calcium salis of these esters and also that of l‐nor‐ecgonine itself are soluble in the mixture of benzene and methyl alcohol boiling at 58° and also in the mixture of benzene and ethyl alcohol boiling at 68°.
Mesure de pente à mi‐onde des courbes polarographiques: I. Considérations théoriques
Authors: Delahay Paul 
Published: September 2010

AbstractL'auteur définit la notion de „pente à mi‐onde”︁ d'une courbe polarographique. Il montre par la voie du calcul que dans des conditions expérimentales identiques la pente a mi‐onde est proportionnelle à la concentration de la substance réduite à l'électrode à goutte.Deux causes d'erreur affectent les mesures de pente à mi‐onde: 1) la modification de l'onde due à l'existence du courant résiduel de l'électrolyte de base, 2) la résistance du circuit de mesure.Si deux ondes polarographiques présentent des potentiels à mi‐onde assez voisins (0.05 à 0.10 volt), les deux pentes à mi‐onde sont affectées d'une erreur supplémentaire résultant du rapprochement des deux ondes.
Mesure de pente à mi‐onde des courbes polarografiques. II. méthode de mesure
Authors: Delahay Paul 
Published: September 2010

AbstractL'auteur décrit une méthode de mesure de la pente à mi‐onde d'une courbe polarographique.La méthode est basée sur la superposition d'une faible tension alternative (de l'ordre de 0.005 volt) à la différence de potentiel appliquée à la cellule polarographique.La composante alternative du courant traversant la cellule, mesurée au moyen d'un amplificateur, présente un maximum d'intensité au potentiel à mi‐onde; l'application de cette propriété permet de localiser très exactement le potentiel à mi‐onde au cours de l'exécution d'une mesure.Au potentiel à mi‐onde, la valeur de la pente est obtenue en remplaçant la cellule contenant la substance étudiée par une résistance variable (boîte) shuntée par une cellule polarographique identique à la cellule de mesure et contenant la solution de l'électrolyte de base. La résistance variable est réglée de manière à obtenir le même courant de sortie de l'amplificateur que dans le cas où la cellule contenant la solution étudiée est en circuit. La pente est alors égale à l'inverse de la valeur de la résistance variable.On constate expérimentalement que la pente à mi‐onde augmente avec la fréquence de la tension alternative appliquée à la cellule polarographique. A des fréquences de l'ordre de quelques centaines de périodes par seconde l'influence des phénomènes de polarisation de concentration disparaît; la pente à mi‐onde mesurée est alors égale à la conductivité proprement dite présentée par la cellule polarographique.Aux très basses fréquences (quelques périodes par seconde), la pente à mi‐onde est pratiquement proportionnelle à la concentration de la substance étudiée. Les mesures sont toutefois assez délicates et relativement peu précises. Aux fréquences plus élevées, cette relation de proportionnalité n'est plus vérifiée. L'interprétation qualitative de ce phénomène est indiquée.
The diëlectric constant measurement of powdered regular crystalline solids
Authors: van Vessem J. C. , Bijvoet J. M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract1. In measuring the D.C. of a powder a grain‐size effect must be taken into account.2. For ε1/ε2 ratio's up to 3 special precautions will not be necessary, for ratio's up to 6 the effect may be eliminated by using a large condenser (500 cm3) and a powder of fine grain‐size (0.02 mm).3. Former measurements of several authors cannot be relied upon, the grain‐size effect not having been taken into account.4. Measurements of the D.C. of NaCl and KCl powder at different filling‐fractions under ideal conditions of powder‐sizes and of NH4Cl and KCl floating in CCl4‐C6H6 prove that the Böttcher and Wiener‐Bruggeman powder‐formulae give good results.
La 2‐Amino‐4‐Hydroxy‐7(6?)‐Hydroxyméthyl‐Ptéridine
Authors: Backer H. J. , Houtman A. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLa condensation de la glucoréductone avec la 2,5,6‐triamino‐4‐hydroxypyrimidine ne donne pas de ptéridine, mais un produit intermédiaire. La réaction de l'hydroxyméthylglyoxal sur la même pyrimidine engendre une ptéridine, pour laquelle deux formules sont possibles. Il y a lieu d'admettre que le groupe hydroxyméthyle du produit occupe la place 7 dans le noyau de ptéridine. La ptérine est caractérisée à l'état de diacétate et de monobenzoate.
Investigations on sterols III: The Provitamins‐D from the mussel (Mytilus edulis))
Authors: van der Vliet J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn a further investigation on the sterol fraction from the mussel (mytilus edulis) the following degradation products have been obtained by oxidation of the ultra‐violet irradiation product: formaldehyde, the well known degradation ketone C18H32O from vitamin‐D3, methyl‐isopropyl‐acetaldehyde and isopropyl‐acetaldehyde. The latter aldehydes were detected by conversion into and isolation of the corresponding acid amides.Qualitative and quantitative consideration of the results compared with similar degradations of calciferol and an irradiation product from 7‐dehydrocholesterol, as well as biological data, lead to the conclusion that “mussel provitamin‐D” is composed of:magnified imageThe last two components probably cannot, or at least to a small extent only, be activated antirachitically.
Investigations on sterols.): IV. The configuration of the junction between rings C and D in cholesterol
Authors: van der Vliet J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe ketone C18H32O, obtained by the oxidation of vitamin‐D3 and which still contains the rings C and D of the original sterol, appears to be readily converted into an isomer and the same holds for its semicarbazone. This isomerisation is to be explained by the conversion of the trans‐hydrindane into the cis‐hydrindane configuration. From this it is concluded that the junction between the rings C and D in vitamin‐D3, 7‐dehydrocholesterol and cholesterol very probably has the trans‐configuration.
The determination of small amounts of succinic acid in biological nutrient media
Authors: Tasman A. , Smith L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis investigation originated in the analytical technique of Goepfert, which was subjected to a critical theoretical and experimental discussion, whereby die various defects connected with this technique were demonstrated.On the basis of the experience obtained an analytical technique was developed with which it is possible to determine succinic acid to an average error of 2.71% in amounts varying from 0.50‐6.00 mg in 10 cm3 of broth containing various amounts of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, alcohol, lactic acid and glucose together with 200 mg Difco proteose peptone.This analytical technique amounts essentially to the following operations. The sample to be analysed is subjected to steam distillation in acid medium whereby formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and alcohol are removed. The residue of this steam distillation is extracted with ether. The etherial residue is taken up in water and the succinic acid precipitated in this with silver nitrate after adding an excess of alcohol. The excess of silver is titrated back by Volhard's method in the filtrate of this liquid.It was found that succinic acid is in itself resistant to oxidation by potassium permanganate in acid medium but is oxidisable readily enough in the presence of peptones and other “inducing” substances.This oxidation takes place with potassium permanganate both in acid and in alkaline medium, while other oxidising agents such as cerium sulphate and mercuric oxide have the same effect. Succinic acid thus fits into the scheme of “induced oxidations”, many good examples of which have been collected by Schilow as early as 1903.
Steric effects on mesomerism: II. The experimental procedures for following the deacylation of aromatic acylamino‐nitro compounds. The deacylation of ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐nitro‐acetanilide
Authors: Wepster B. M. , Verkade P. E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe first part of this paper contains an extensive description of the experimental procedures used in estimating the rate constants of the “catalytic” deacylation of aromatic acylamino‐nitro compounds; the accuracy of the methods in question has been argued in detail.In the second part of this paper the results of the kinetic investigation of the deacylation of ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐nitro‐acetanilide have been given and discussed.
The disintegration of fire bricks by carbon monoxide: Part II. Some investigations on the disintegration of fire bricks
Authors: Bohlken S. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe influence of rapid temperature changes (15‐40° C/min) in the material causes an excessive carbon deposition and carbon dioxide evolution both for a temperature increase and a temperature decrease, regardless of the gas atmosphere at the change in temperature.The behaviour of different catalytic materials is discussed. Contrary to current belief the behaviour of natural and synthetic iron compounds (as oxides etc.) is unlike that of similar materials after mixing with clay and burning, as regards the catalytic activity as a function of temperature and sulphur compounds. There seem to be indications that in fire brick the catalytic iron compounds are activated in some way, perhaps by alkali from the clay, as those catalysts are far more resistant to sulphur compounds and as the deposition of carbon and evolution of carbon dioxide increases with increasing temperature from 400° to 800° C.The compressibility of carbon deposited at 450°, 600° and 750° C and of powdered coke has been determined. There is not much difference between that of coke and that of deposited carbon. So the hypothesis of Diepschlag1) about this property seems not quite certain.
Preparation of 3‐methyl‐4‐alkyl‐pyridines from 3‐methylpyridine: (73rd communication on pyridine derivatives)
Authors: Wibaut J. P. , Vromen S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe preparation of 3‐methyl‐4‐ethylpyridine, 3‐methyl‐4‐n‐propylpyridine and 3‐methyl‐4‐n‐butylpyridine from 3‐methylpyridine, by the method of Wibaut and Arens, is described.
Sur L'équilibre Complexe des Molécules Br2, C12, BrCl et des atomes Br et Cl dans L'Intervalle de Température Compris Entre 298.1° K et 3000° K
Authors: Butkow K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing the latest data on the atomic weight, as atomic proportions and thermodynamical constants, the chemical equilibrium between molecules Br2, Cl2 and BrCl is calculated.
Discrepancies in the literature III, IV, V: III. The dimorphism of salicylaldehyde‐α‐naphthylimide
Authors: van Alphen J. , Drost G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA high melting form of salicylaldehyde‐α‐napthylimide has been obtained, showing that this compound is dimorphous or trimorphous.