bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing infant feeding practices: the competing needs of bulimic mothers and their children
Authors: Stapleton Helen , Fielder Anna , Kirkham Mavis 
Published: August 2010

Aim.  This paper seeks to explain how bulimic mothers accommodated infant feeding demands in conjunction with managing their disordered eating practices.Background.  Eating disorders are chronic and disabling illnesses primarily affecting women. There are few qualitative studies describing bulimia in the context of motherhood.Design.  The study employed an inductive qualitative approach.Methods.  A purposive sample of childbearing women (n = 16), who self‐defined as living with an eating disorder, were recruited. Data were generated from one‐to‐one interviews; a thematic analysis identified key issues.Results.  Participants were primarily responsible for ensuring child/ren’s socialisation processes, including modelling appropriate dietary behaviours and these demands often conflicted with their personal needs for food restraint. Pressures to participate in social activities with children were widely experienced as stressful especially when these events focused on food. Participants viewed early and repeated exposure to ‘healthy’ eating as protective against their children acquiring an eating disorder and in this respect commercial child‐care facilities provided alternative environments for children to explore food‐related activities.Conclusions.  Participants employed a variety of strategies to ensure children’s exposure to normalising influences and socialising processes. Concerns about personal competencies with respect to food preparation and storage were articulated by all participants.Relevance to clinical practice.  Professionals involved with providing care to mothers and their infants are well placed to support bulimic clients and to foster confidence in their mothering skills. Early and appropriate intervention is key to effecting positive changes in bulimic patterns, with potential benefits to women’s future health and well‐being and that of their children.
Experiences of problems in individuals with hypersensitivity to odours and chemicals
Authors: Larsson Christel , Mårtensson Lena 
Published: August 2010

Aim.  The purpose of the study was to describe how individuals with hypersensitivity to odours and chemicals handle their problems.Background.  One group of patients we often encounter consists of those with upper and lower respiratory problems who also have a pronounced sensitivity to odours and chemicals. Earlier studies have shown that these symptoms can be related to sensory hyperreactivity (SHR). This hyperreactivity is characterised by respiratory tract symptoms triggered by odours and chemicals, along with high sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin and a positive score on the chemical sensitivity scale for SHR. However, there is still a lack of studies in which SHR sufferers describe their situations in their own words.Design.  The study was conducted using a qualitative approach.Methods.  Eight individuals with confirmed SHR were selected from a population‐based epidemiological study and interviewed. A qualitative content analysis was performed on the data.Results.  Four themes emerged from the data analysis: Limitations in one’s life situation, Lack of understanding from others, Concern that the symptoms will develop into a serious disease and Disparagement of one’s own personal experience. The results show how individuals manage their daily lives with the help of various strategies, how they relate to other people, how they cope with their concerns and the fact that they sometimes choose to disparage their own experience of their problems.Conclusion.  The results indicate that people with SHR experience limitations in their life situations. These limitations consist of the adjustments they make to avoid triggering factors.Relevance to clinical practice.  To improve care, nurses need to know how people experience SHR and how they cope with their hypersensitivity to odours and chemicals.
Correlation between serum lipoprotein (a) and angiographic coronary artery disease in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: CÖMLEKÇI̊ A. , BI̊BEROG̈LU S. , KOZAN O. , BAHÇECI̊ O. , ERGENE O. , NAZLI C. , KINAY O. , GÜNER G. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Comlekqi A, Biberoglu S, Kozan 0, Bahqeci 0, Ergene 0, Nazli C, Kinay 0, Guner G (Dokuz Eylul University, Medical School, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey). Correlation between serum lipoprotein(a) and angio‐graphic coronary artery disease in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. J Intern Med 1997; 242:449‐54.Objectives:To examine the impact of diabetic state on the concentrations of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in patients with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and the correlation between angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) and serum Lp(a) concentrations in NIDDM.Design:In this cross‐sectional study of 26 patients with NIDDM and 19 nondiabetic sex‐ and agematched patients who underwent coronary angiography, CAD was assessed visually using coronary artery score (CAS), and plasma Lp(a) was measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Setting:The study was performed in an internal medicine clinic at a university hospital.Subjects:Twenty‐six age‐ and sex‐matched patients with NIDDM and 19 control patients without diabetes.Results:There was no significant difference between the Lp(a) concentrations of patientswith NIDDM and nondiabetic subjects (P > 0.05). When patients with NIDDM were stratified by absence or presence of CAD, patients with CAD had higher levels of Lp(a) (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between the concentrations of Lp(a) and CAS (P > 0.05).Conclusions:Diabetic state does not have any impact on Lp(a) concentrations. Lp(a) excess seems to be atherogenic in patients with NIDDM as shown in nondiabetic patients in previous studies. Although diabetic patients with CAD have higher Lp(a) concentrations than the diabetic patients without CAD, Lp(a) levels were not correlated with CAS.
Major haemorrhagic complications during oral anticoagulant therapy in a Danish Population‐based cohort
Authors: STEFFENSEN F. H. , KRISTENSEN K. , EJLERSEN E. , DAHLERUP J. F. , SØRENSEN H. T. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Steffensen FH, Kristensen K, Ejlersen E, Dahlerup JF, S~rensen HT (University of Aarhus and Aarhus University Hospital, Arhus, and Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark). Major haemorrhagic complications during oral anticoagulant therapy in a Danish population‐based cohort. 1 Intern Med 199 7; 242: 497‐503.Objectives: To estimate the incidence of bleeding leading to death or hospital admission in out‐patients treated with oral anticoagulants.Design: Population‐based historical cohort study 1 January 1992 to 31 September 1994.Setting: The County of North Jutland, Denmark (488 000 inhabitants).Subjects: Six hundred and eighty‐two consecutive patients commencing oral anticoagulant therapy.Main outcome measures: Fatal bleeding or bleeding demanding hospital admission.Results: In 756 treatment‐years of follow‐up, there were 45 major haemorrhagic events (6.0 per 100 treatment‐years) in 42 patients, of which seven (0.9 per 100 treatment‐years) were fatal. The risk of a first major haemorrhagic episode was highest during the first 90 days of treatment compared with duration above one year (incidence rate ratio, IRR, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.8‐4.1). The rate was highest above the age of 60 years, 6.8 per 100 treatment‐years, compared with 2.9 per 100 treatment‐years below 60 years (IRR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0–5.6). The rate for a bleeding event was slightly higher in females than in males (IRR 1.3; 95% CI, 0.7‐2.3), but did not vary according to type of anticoagulant drug.Conclusions: The reported rates of major bleeding in this routine community setting implied a higher bleeding risk than was found in randomized trials or when patients are monitored in specialist anticoagulation clinics.
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus: prevalence and estimated risk of coronary heart disease in the general population
Authors: May O. , Arildsen H. , Damsgaard E. M. , Mickley H. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.May O, Arildsen H, Damsgaard EM, Mickley H (Odense University Hospital, Odense, and Horsens Hospital, Horsens, Denmark). Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus: prevalence and estimated risk of coronary heart disease in the general population.J Intern Med2000;248:483–491.Objectives.The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in Type 1 diabetes mellitus in the general population and to assess the relationship between CAN and risk of future coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods.The Type 1 diabetes mellitus population in the municipality of Horsens, Denmark, was delineated by the prescription method and a random sample of 120 diabetics aged 40–75 years was recruited. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was registered if fasting C‐peptide was below 0.30 nmol L−1. The E/I ratio was calculated as the mean of the longestR–Rinterval in expiration divided by the shortest in inspiration during deep breathing at 6 breaths min−1and taken to express the degree of CAN. A maximal symptom‐limited exercise test was carried out and the VA Prognostic Score, indicating risk of cardiovascular death or non‐fatal myocardial infarction, was computed. Additionally, the 10‐year risk of CHD was calculated using the Framingham model.Results.A total of 84 people responded, of whom 71 had Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The E/I ratio was measured in 69 people. The prevalence of CAN expressed as an E/I ratio below the normal 5th percentile was 38%. The E/I ratio was significantly reduced in old age, long duration of diabetes, female gender, high fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion. A high risk of future CHD calculated using the Framingham model was associated with a low E/I ratio (r = − 0.39,P = 0.001). Exercise capacity, rise in systolic blood pressure and heart rate were positively correlated with the E/I ratio. A high VA Prognostic Score was correlated with a low E/I ratio (r = − 0.58,P < 0.0005). The risks estimated by the two models were significantly correlated (r = 0.60,P < 0.0005).Conclusion.The prevalence of CAN in the 40–75‐year‐old Type 1 diabetes mellitus population is estimated to be 38%. CAN is associated with exercise test parameters and a coronary risk factor profile indicating a high risk of future CHD.
Twenty‐four hour ambulatory blood pressure in a population of elderly men
Authors: Björklund K. , Lind L. , Lithell H. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Björklund K, Lind L, Lithell H (University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden). Twenty‐four hour ambulatory blood pressure in a population of elderly men. J Intern Med 2000; 248: 503–512.Objectives. The principal aim was to study ambulatory and office blood pressure in a population of elderly men. We also wanted to describe the prevalence of hypertension and investigate the blood pressure control in treated elderly hypertensives.Design. A cross‐sectional study of a population of elderly men, conducted between 1991 and 1995.Subjects. Seventy‐year‐old men (n = 1060), participants of a cohort study that began in 1970.Main outcome measures. Office and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure.Results. Average 24 h blood pressure in the population was 133 ± 16/75 ± 8 mmHg, and daytime blood pressure 140 ± 16/80 ± 9 mmHg. Corresponding values in untreated subjects (n = 685) were 131 ± 16/74 ± 7 and 139 ± 16/79 ± 8, respectively. An office recording of 140/90 mmHg corresponded to an ambulatory pressure of 130/78 (24 h) and 137/83 mmHg (daytime) in untreated subjects. In subjects identified as normotensives according to office blood pressure (n = 270), the 95th percentiles of average 24 h and daytime blood pressures were 142/80 and 153/85 mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension, defined as office blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, was 66%. Despite treatment, treated hypertensives (n = 285) showed higher office (157/89 vs. 127/76 mmHg) and 24 h ambulatory (138/78 vs. 122/71 mmHg) pressures than normotensives (P < 0.05). Fourteen per cent of the treated hypertensives had an office blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg.Conclusions. Our results provide a basis for 24 h ambulatory blood pressure reference values in elderly men. The study confirms previous findings of a high prevalence of hypertension at older age. It also indicates that blood pressure is inadequately controlled in elderly treated hypertensives.
Growth hormone overproduction in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I
Authors: Hermans M. M. H. , Lips C. J. M. , Bravenboer B. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.  Hermans MMH, Lips CJM, Bravenboer B (Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, and University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands). Growth hormone overproduction in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (Case Report). J Intern Med 2000; 248: 527–532.In a 69‐year‐old woman with a complicated history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN 1), growth hormone overproduction was found without clinical features of acromegaly. Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome was diagnosed at the age of 36 years. Total gastrectomy and partial pancreatectomy were performed. Two years later hypercalcaemia occurred, hyperparathyroidism was suspected and three hyperplastic parathyroid glands were removed. In 1994 the plasma gastrin level was elevated and a computertomography of the abdomen revealed a 1.5‐cm large pancreatic tumour. Screening of the pituitary functions was unremarkable and a magnetic resonance scan of the pituitary gland showed no abnormalities. In 1995 type II diabetes mellitus was diagnosed. In 1997 basal plasma growth hormone levels were raised and plasma IGF‐I levels were alternately high and normal. The patient had no clinical signs of acromegaly, but glucose tolerance testing resulted in a paradoxical rise in growth hormone concentration compatible with the diagnosis of growth hormone overproduction. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland revealed a microadenoma.
Evidence of a dynamic aldosterone‐independent distal tubular control of renal sodium excretion in compensated liver cirrhosis*
Authors: SANSOÈ G. , SILVANO S. , ROSINA F. , SMEDILE A. , RIZZETTO M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Background and aim.  In preascitic cirrhosis increased sodium retention occurs in kidney distal tubule in spite of normal aldosterone plasma levels. No clearance technique can dissect the respective contribution to sodium retention exerted by Henle's loop, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, so we evaluated proximal and distal tubular sodium handling in preascites during two manoeuvres that temporarily increase aldosterone secretion.Methods.  Ten patients with compensated cirrhosis and nine controls were studied in recumbency, during standing and after dopamine receptor blockade with metoclopramide through: 4 h renal clearances of sodium, potassium, lithium and creatinine; plasma levels of active renin and aldosterone.Results.  Whilst comparable in recumbency, aldosterone levels significantly rose during standing and after metoclopramide in both groups. In patients, dopaminergic blockade caused a fall of distal sodium delivery (P < 0.01) but urinary sodium excretion was unchanged because the reabsorbed fraction of distal sodium delivery also fell (P < 0.03). Cirrhotic patients showed the same findings in the passage from recumbency to standing.Conclusions.  In preascitic cirrhosis, the distal tubular segments of the nephron are able to cope with decreases in tubular flow by reducing reabsorption at an aldosterone‐independent site (possibly the loop of Henle).
Effects of 17β‐oestradiol plus different doses of drospirenone on adipose tissue, adiponectin and atherogenic metabolites in postmenopausal women
Authors: TANKÓ L. B. , CHRISTIANSEN C. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Objective.  To investigate how variation in the dose of the progestogen influence the impact of 17β‐oestradiol plus drospirenone (DRSP) treatment on adipose tissue and its secretor function with direct implications for atherogenic metabolites.Design.  Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.Setting.  Primary care, single study site.Subjects.  A total of 240 healthy postmenopausal women 53–65 years old, 178 completer.Intervention.  Daily treatment with 1 mg 17β‐oestradiol plus 1, 2, or 3 mg DRSP, or placebo for 2 years.Main outcome measures.  Absolute changes in central (CFM) and peripheral fat mass (PFM; dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, DEXA), adipokines [interleukin (IL)‐6 and adiponectin], atherogenic metabolites [triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), glucose] and blood pressure.Results.  Oestradiol plus 1 mg DRSP evoked significant decreases in CFM and the CFM/PFM ratio from baseline. These benefits virtually decreased with increasing dose of DRSP confounded by dose‐dependent increases in CFM and PFM in smokers (P‐value for trends <0.001), in whom the increases in bioavailable oestradiol were half of that in nonsmokers (P < 0.001). Treatment with 3 mg DRSP induced decreases in serum adiponectin by month 6 (P < 0.05), which persisted in nonsmokers only and led to significant increases in glucose and triglycerides and decreases in HDL‐C (P < 0.05). Adiponectin in smokers normalized by the end of the study parallel with the increases in body fat mass.Conclusions.  Interactions of the sex steroids with adipose tissue and its secretor function are important determinants of the overall impact of hormone therapy on cardiovascular risk. A DRSP dose up to 2 mg does not seem to exert adverse effects when combined with 1 mg 17β‐oestradiol.
What will whole genome searches for susceptibility genes for common complex disease offer to clinical practice?
Authors: Lango H. , Weedon M. N. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.In the developed world the majority of disease results from common, but complex disorders such as diabetes, obesity and cancer. Genetic variation explains a large proportion of an individual’s risk of developing these diseases; however, success in identifying the particular gene variants involved has been limited. Recent advances in high‐throughput genotyping technology, and a better understanding of the genetic architecture of complex disease has led to the development of genome‐wide association studies (GWA), which are providing novel and important insights into disease processes. The results from these studies could be of substantial clinical importance in the relatively near future. In this review, we present some recent, exciting findings from studies that have used the GWA approach, and discuss the clinical application of identifying disease susceptibility genes and variants.
Mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of ageing
Authors: Trifunovic A. , Larsson N.‐G. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Mitochondrial dysfunction is heavily implicated in the ageing process. Increasing age in mammals correlates with accumulation of somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and decline in respiratory chain function. The age‐associated respiratory chain deficiency is typically unevenly distributed and affects only a subset of cells in various human tissues, such as heart, skeletal muscle, colonic crypts and neurons. Studies of mtDNA mutator mice has shown that increased levels of somatic mtDNA mutations directly can cause a variety of ageing phenotypes, such as osteoporosis, hair loss, greying of the hair, weight reduction and decreased fertility. Respiratory‐chain‐deficient cells are apoptosis prone and increased cell loss is therefore likely an important consequence of age‐associated mitochondrial dysfunction. There is a tendency to automatically link mitochondrial dysfunction to increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), however, the experimental support for this concept is rather weak. In fact, respiratory‐chain‐deficient mice with tissue‐specific mtDNA depletion or massive increase of point mutations in mtDNA typically have minor or no increase of oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction is clearly involved in the human ageing process, but its relative importance for mammalian ageing remains to be established.
Quantitative determination of FtsA at different growth rates in Escherichia coli using monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Wang Haichao , Gayda Randall C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryFtsA is an essential cell division protein in Escherichia coli. Its synthesis in low amounts makes the investigation of its functions difficult. Partially purified FtsA protein was obtained by solubilizing cellular inclusion bodies after overexpression of the ftsA gene for the purpose of raising monoclonal antibodies. Mice were immunized with this FtsA protein fraction and their spleen cells were fused to Sp2/0‐AG14 mouse myeloma cells. Hybrid cells were screened and two clones were positively identified as FtsA monoclonal antibody producers by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. A quantitative assay using these monoclonal antibodies indicated that the average number of FtsA molecules per cell to be between 50 and 200. However, the concentration of FtsA protein normalized to total cell protein was constant over a wide range of growth rates. This finding is in agreement with the hypothesized role of FtsA protein as a stoichiometric component of the septum.
RsaL provides quorum sensing homeostasis and functions as a global regulator of gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Rampioni Giordano , Schuster Martin , Greenberg Everett Peter , Bertani Iris , Grasso Marco , Venturi Vittorio , Zennaro Elisabetta , Leoni Livia 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe quorum sensing (QS) signalling system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa controls many important functions, including virulence. Although the production of the QS signal molecule N‐3‐oxo‐dodecanoyl‐homoserine lactone (3OC12‐HSL) is positively autoregulated, its concentration reaches a steady level long before stationary phase. The RsaL protein represses transcription of the lasI signal synthase gene, and thus reduces QS signal production. We show that RsaL binds simultaneously with LasR to the rsaL‐lasI bidirectional promoter thereby preventing the LasR‐dependent activation of both genes. In an rsaL mutant, 3OC12‐HSL production continues to increase throughout growth. Thus RsaL provides homeostasis by functioning in opposition to LasR and limiting 3OC12‐HSL production to a physiological concentration. Furthermore, transcription profiling revealed that RsaL regulates 130 genes independent of its effect on QS signal molecule production, including genes involved in virulence. We show that RsaL can repress pyocyanin and hydrogen cyanide virulence genes in two ways: directly, by binding to their promoters, and indirectly, by decreasing levels of the signals for their QS signal‐dependent transcription. These investigations highlight the importance of RsaL as a global regulator of P. aeruginosa physiology that provides a counterbalance to 3OC12‐HSL‐dependent gene activation via multiple mechanisms.