bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIGIPREDICT: physiological, behavioural and environmental predictors of asthma attacks—a prospective observational study using digital markers and artificial intelligence—study protocol
Authors: Chan Amy Hai Yan , Te Ao Braden , Baggott Christina , Cavadino Alana , Eikholt Amber A , Harwood Matire , Hikaka Joanna , Gibbs Dianna , Hudson Mariana , Mirza Farhaan , Naeem Muhammed Asif , Semprini Ruth , Chang Catherina L , Tsang Kevin C H , Shah Syed Ahmar , Jeremiah Aron , Abeysinghe Binu Nisal , Roy Rajshri , Wall Clare , Wood Lisa , Dalziel Stuart , Pinnock Hilary , van Boven Job F M , Roop Partha , Harrison Jeff 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionAsthma attacks are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality but are preventable in most if detected and treated promptly. However, the changes that occur physiologically and behaviourally in the days and weeks preceding an attack are not always recognised, highlighting a potential role for technology. The aim of this study ‘DIGIPREDICT’ is to identify early digital markers of asthma attacks using sensors embedded in smart devices including watches and inhalers, and leverage health and environmental datasets and artificial intelligence, to develop a risk prediction model to provide an early, personalised warning of asthma attacks.Methods and analysisA prospective sample of 300 people, 12 years or older, with a history of a moderate or severe asthma attack in the last 12 months will be recruited in New Zealand. Each participant will be given a smart watch (to assess physiological measures such as heart and respiratory rate), peak flow meter, smart inhaler (to assess adherence and inhalation) and a cough monitoring application to use regularly over 6 months with fortnightly questionnaires on asthma control and well-being. Data on sociodemographics, asthma control, lung function, dietary intake, medical history and technology acceptance will be collected at baseline and at 6 months. Asthma attacks will be measured by self-report and confirmed with clinical records. The collected data, along with environmental data on weather and air quality, will be analysed using machine learning to develop a risk prediction model for asthma attacks.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the New Zealand Health and Disability Ethics Committee (2023 FULL 13541). Enrolment began in August 2023. Results will be presented at local, national and international meetings, including dissemination via community groups, and submission for publication to peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12623000764639; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.
Heavy arch: from inflammatory bowel diseases to metabolic disorders
Authors: Adolph Timon E , Meyer Moritz , Jukic Almina , Tilg Herbert 
Published: May 2024

Background
Metabolic disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have captured the globe during Westernisation of lifestyle and related dietary habits over the last decades. Both disease entities are characterised by complex and heterogeneous clinical spectra linked to distinct symptoms and organ systems which, on a first glimpse, do not have many commonalities in clinical practice. However, experimental studies indicate a common backbone of inflammatory mechanisms in metabolic diseases and gut inflammation, and emerging clinical evidence suggests an intricate interplay between metabolic disorders and IBD.

Objective
We depict parallels of IBD and metabolic diseases, easily overlooked in clinical routine.

Design
We provide an overview of the recent literature and discuss implications of metabolic morbidity in patients with IBD for researchers, clinicians and healthcare providers.

Conclusion
The Western lifestyle and diet and related gut microbial perturbation serve as a fuel for metabolic inflammation in and beyond the gut. Metabolic disorders and the metabolic syndrome increasingly affect patients with IBD, with an expected negative impact for both disease entities and risk for complications. This concept implies that tackling the obesity pandemic exerts beneficial effects beyond metabolic health.
Prevalence and clinical outcomes of germline variants among patients with myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Kongkiatkamon Sunisa , Niparuck Pimjai , Rattanathammethee Thanawat , Kobbuaklee Sirorat , Suksusut Amornchai , Wudhikarn Kitsada , Ittiwut Chupong , Chetruengchai Wanna , Chuncharunee Suporn , Bunworasate Udomsak , Suphapeetiporn Kanya , Rojnuckarin Ponlapat , Polprasert Chantana 
Published: May 2024

AimsMyeloid neoplasms (MNs) with germline predisposition have been recognised as a distinct entity. Emerging evidence suggests that sporadic myelodysplastic syndromes may also harbour undetected germline predispositions. We investigated germline alterations in a cohort of 122 adult Thai MNs.MethodsMN patients were recruited and tested for germline variants using deep targeted next-generation sequencing. The germline variant was filtered using American College of Medical Genetics classifications and then evaluated for the association with clinical characteristics and outcomes.ResultsOur findings revealed pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline alterations in 12 (10%) of the patients. These germline lesions were commonly found in the DNA damage response pathway (n=6, 50%). We also identified novel deleteriousFANCAA1219GfsTer59variants in two patients diagnosed with secondary acute myeloid leukaemia (sAML) from aplastic anaemia and AML with myelodysplasia related. Among sAML, individuals with germline mutations had inferior overall survival compared with those with wild-type alleles (2 months vs 12 months) with HR 4.7 (95% CI 1.0 to 20), p=0.037. Therefore, the presence of pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations may be linked to inferior survival outcomes.ConclusionsOur study highlighted that the prevalence of germline predisposition in Southeast Asian populations is comparable to that in Caucasians. This underscores the importance of germline genetic testing within the Asian population.
Racial disparities in access to, and outcomes of, acute ischaemic stroke treatments in the USA
Authors: Kiefer Luke , Daniel David , Polineni Sai , Dhamoon Mandip 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundRacism contributes to higher comorbid risk factors and barriers to preventive measures for black Americans. Advancements in systems of care, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) availability and endovascular thrombectomy (ET) have impacted practice and outcomes while outpacing contemporary investigation into acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) care disparities. We examined whether recent data suggest ongoing disparity in AIS interventions and outcomes, and if hospital characteristics affect disparities.MethodsWe examined 2016–2019 fee-for-service Medicare inpatient data. We ran unadjusted logistic regression models to calculate ORs and 95% CI for two interventions (tPA and ET) and four outcomes (inpatient mortality, 30-day mortality, discharge home and outpatient visit within 30 days), with the main predictor black versus white race, additionally adjusting for demographics, hospital characteristics, stroke severity and comorbidities.Results805 181 AIS admissions were analysed (12.4% black, 87.6% white). Compared with white patients, black patients had reduced odds of receiving tPA (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.74, p<0.0001) and ET (0.69, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.72, p<0.0001). After tPA, black patients had reduced odds of 30-day mortality (0.77, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.82, p<0.0001), discharge home (0.72, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.77, p<0.0001) and outpatient visit within 30 days (0.89, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.95, p=0.0002). After ET, black patients had reduced odds of 30-day mortality (0.71, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.79, p<0.0001) and discharge home (0.75, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.88, p=0.0005). Adjusted models showed little difference in the magnitude, direction or significance of the main effects.ConclusionsBlack patients were less likely to receive AIS treatments, and if treated had lower likelihood of 30-day mortality, discharge home and outpatient visits. Despite advancements in practice and therapies, racial disparities remain in the modern era of AIS care and are consistent with inequalities previously identified over the last 20 years. The impact of hospital attributes on AIS care disparities warrants further investigation.
Coupled effects of temperature and suction on the anisotropic elastic shear moduli of unsaturated soil
Authors: Bentil O.T. , Liu Kai , Zhou C. 
Published: May 2024

Elastic shear moduli of soil at various temperatures and suctions are important for analysing the serviceability limit state of energy piles and many other structures. Up to now, however, the coupled effects of temperature and suction on elastic shear modulus and the stiffness anisotropy, have not been well understood. This experimental study investigated the anisotropic elastic shear modulus of a compacted lateritic clay. A temperature and suction-controlled triaxial apparatus equipped with bender element probes and local strain measurements was used. Soil suctions from 0 to 300 kPa, and a temperature range of 5–40 °C were applied. The results at saturated and unsaturated conditions consistently reveal that the shear modulus is smaller after heating at a given stress and suction. Several mechanisms may contribute to this thermal-induced reduction in shear modulus, such as the heating-induced reduction of interparticle force and air–water surface tension. Moreover, the reduction in shear modulus upon heating depends on the shear plane and the degree of anisotropy changes.
From certainty to chance: probabilistic insights into quantum control
Authors: Herzallah Randa , Belfakir Abdessamad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study introduces an innovative control methodology designed specifically for quantum physical systems. It bridges a critical gap by accounting for the full spectrum of uncertainties and noise that could affect the time evolution of these systems. In contrast to conventional methods, our pioneering approach utilizes probability density functions (pdfs) to characterize quantum dynamics, providing a more detailed and accurate description of their temporal behavior. We propose a strategy that seeks to minimize the discrepancy between the actual pdf, which encapsulates the combined dynamics of the quantum system and an external electric field, and a desired pdf that aligns with the system’s intended outcomes. This strategy marks a significant shift from traditional quantum control techniques. Initially, we present a solution for controlling quantum systems defined by general pdfs. This solution is then demonstrated on quantum systems described by Gaussian pdfs, with an in-depth account of the resulting optimized controller’s structure. The study culminates with practical demonstrations, showcasing the approach’s efficacy and practicality, thus endorsing its potential as a formidable instrument in quantum control.

Graphical abstract
Novel embeddings improve the prediction of risk perception
Authors: Hussain Zak , Mata Rui , Wulff Dirk U. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe assess whether the classic psychometric paradigm of risk perception can be improved or supplanted by novel approaches relying on language embeddings. To this end, we introduce the Basel Risk Norms, a large data set covering 1004 distinct sources of risk (e.g., vaccination, nuclear energy, artificial intelligence) and compare the psychometric paradigm against novel text and free-association embeddings in predicting risk perception. We find that an ensemble model combining text and free association rivals the predictive accuracy of the psychometric paradigm, captures additional affect and frequency-related dimensions of risk perception not accounted for by the classic approach, and has greater range of applicability to real-world text data, such as news headlines. Overall, our results establish the ensemble of text and free-association embeddings as a promising new tool for researchers and policymakers to track real-world risk perception.
Microwave Absorption Properties of Hexagonal Ba3(VO4)2 through Zn Doping: A Comprehensive Analysis of Ba3–xZnx(VO4)2
Authors: Chenna Praveen , Gandi Suman , Sharma Sahil , Panda Saran Srihari Sripada , Parne Saidi Reddy 
Published: May 2024

The current study explores the influence of Zinc (Zn) doping on the crystallography, optical behavior, dielectric properties, and microwave absorption characteristics of hexagonal Barium Vanadate (Ba3(VO4)2). Samples were systematically synthesized with Zn doping concentrations of x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mol%, resulting in Ba3–xZnx(VO4)2. Employing various characterization techniques, the alterations in structural, optical, and electrical responses due to incremental Zn incorporation are reported. The UV–VIS DRS absorption spectra reveal a decrease in energy bandgap with increasing concentration of Zn. The lowest optical energy band gap observed was 3.65 eV for x = 0.2 mol% Zn. Notably, at a thickness of 6.5 mm, the material achieved a high reflection loss of −82.37 dB at 12.47 GHz for x = 0.05 mol% of Zn. Similarly, the same material configuration exhibited a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.01 GHz, spanning a frequency range from 12.24 to 17.25 GHz when the thickness was set to 5.5 mm. Furthermore, as the Zn concentration increased from x = 0.05 to 0.2 mol%, a decreasing trend in reflection loss was observed, correlating well with the dielectric parameters of samples with different Zn concentrations. The work provides insightful correlations between Zn doping levels and the material’s performance in potential applications ranging from optoelectronics to electromagnetic wave absorption.
Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Care in the United States
Authors: Gilmore Brian F. , Scali Salvatore T. , D’Oria Mario , Neal Dan , Schermerhorn Marc L. , Huber Thomas S. , Columbo Jesse A. , Stone David H. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) has had a dynamic impact on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) care, often supplanting open AAA repair (OAR). Accordingly, US AAA management is often highlighted by disparities in patient selection and guideline compliance. The purpose of this analysis was to define secular trends in AAA care.

METHODS:
The Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative was queried for all EVARs and OARs (2011–2021). End points included procedure utilization, change in mortality, patient risk profile, Society for Vascular Surgery-endorsed diameter compliance, off-label EVAR use, cross-clamp location, blood loss, in-hospital complications, and post-EVAR surveillance missingness. Linear regression was used without risk adjustment for all end points except for mortality and complications, for which logistic regression with risk adjustment was used.

RESULTS:

In all, 66 609 EVARs (elective, 85% [n=55 805] and nonelective, 15% [n=9976]) and 13 818 OARs (elective, 70% [n=9706] and nonelective, 30% [n=4081]) were analyzed. Elective EVAR:OAR ratios were increased (0.2 per year [95% CI, 0.01–0.32]), while nonelective ratios were unchanged. Elective diameter threshold noncompliance decreased for OAR (24%→17%;
P
=0.01) but not EVAR (mean, 37%). Low-risk patients increasingly underwent elective repairs (EVAR, +0.4%per year [95% CI, 0.2–0.6]; OAR, +0.6 points per year [95% CI, 0.2–1.0]). Off-label EVAR frequency was unchanged (mean, 39%) but intraoperative complications decreased (0.5% per year [95% CI, 0.2–0.9]). OAR complexity increased reflecting greater suprarenal cross-clamp rates (0.4% per year [95% CI, 0.1–0.8]) and blood loss (33 mL/y [95% CI, 19–47]). In-hospital complications decreased for elective (0.7% per year [95% CI, 0.4–0.9]) and nonelective EVAR (1.7% per year [95% CI, 1.1–2.3]) but not OAR (mean, 42%). A 30-day mortality was unchanged for both elective OAR (mean, 4%) and EVAR (mean, 1%). Among nonelective OARs, an increase in both 30-day (0.8% per year [95% CI, 0.1–1.5]) and 1-year mortality (0.8% per year [95% CI, 0.3–1.6]) was observed. Postoperative EVAR surveillance acquisition decreased (67%→49%), while 1-year mortality among patients without imaging was 4-fold greater (9.2% versus imaging, 2.0%; odds ratio, 4.1 [95% CI, 3.8–4.3];
P
<0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
There has been an increase in EVAR and a corresponding reduction in OAR across the United States, despite established concerns surrounding guideline adherence, reintervention, follow-up, and cost. Although EVAR morbidity has declined, OAR complication rates remain unchanged and unexpectedly high. Opportunities remain for improving AAA care delivery, patient and procedure selection, guideline compliance, and surveillance.
Prognosis Communication in Heart Failure: Experiences and Preferences of End-Stage Heart Failure Patients and Care Partners
Authors: Shore Supriya , Harrod Molly , Vitous Ann , Silveira Maria J. , McIlvennan Colleen K. , Cascino Thomas M. , Langa Kenneth M. , Ho P. Michael , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Patients with heart failure (HF) overestimate survival compared with model-predicted estimates, but the reasons for this discrepancy are poorly understood. We characterized how patients with end-stage HF and their care partners understand prognosis and elicited their preferences around prognosis communication.

METHODS:
We conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with patients with end-stage HF and their care partners between 2021 and 2022 at a tertiary care center in Michigan. Participants were asked to describe barriers they faced to understanding prognosis. All interviews were coded and analyzed using an iterative content analysis approach.

RESULTS:
Fifteen patients with end-stage HF and 15 care partners participated, including 7 dyads. The median patient age was 66.5 years (range, 31–80) and included 9 of 15 (60%) White participants and 9 of 15 (60%) were males. Care partners included 10 of 15 (67%) White participants and 6 of 15 (40%) were males. Care partners were partners (n=7, 47%), siblings (n=4, 27%), parents (n=2, 13%), and children (n=2, 13%). Most patients demonstrated a poor understanding of their prognosis. In contrast, care partners commonly identified the patient’s rapidly declining trajectory. Patients and care partners described ineffective prognosis communication with clinicians, common barriers to understanding prognosis, and similar suggestions on improving prognosis communication. Barriers to understanding prognosis included (1) conversation avoidance by physicians, (2) information inconsistency across different physicians, (3) distractions during prognosis communication due to emphasis on other conditions, and (4) confusion related to the use of medical jargon. Most patients and care partners wanted discussions around prognosis to begin early in the course of the disease, repeated routinely using layperson’s terms, incorporating both quality of life and survival assessments, and involving care partners. Both patients and care partners did not expect precise survival estimates.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with end-stage HF demonstrate a poor understanding of their prognosis compared with their care partners. Patients and care partners are open to discussing prognosis early, using direct and patient-centered language.
Disparities of Mortality Trends Due to Cerebrovascular Diseases and Cerebrovascular Infarction in the United States
Authors: Doddi Sishir , Henkel Nicholas D. , Salichs Oscar , Burgess Richard , Hibshman Taryn , Wright Jonathan , Malik Isa , Kasab Sami Al , Jumaa Mouhammad A. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Cerebrovascular diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and are the fifth leading cause of death in the United States. Understanding demographic differences in mortality rate trends can raise awareness of demographic disparities. We sought to investigate age‐adjusted mortality trends due to cerebrovascular diseases and ischemic stroke for demographic disparities in trend from 1999 to 2020.

Methods
We used the publicly accessible Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database to gather mortality data to determine trends in cerebrovascular diseases and cerebral infarction mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2020. Using the Joinpoint program, temporal trends for cerebrovascular diseases and cerebral infarction mortality were calculated for each demographic group and reported as both annual percentage changes (APCs) or average APC from 1999 to 2020. In addition, trends were compared between groups for significant differences.

Results
We found an overall decrease in mortality rate for cerebrovascular diseases with average APC −1.9%. In 2020, age‐adjusted mortality rates due to cerebrovascular diseases in the Black population was 1031 per 1 000 000 compared with 679 in the White population. Similarly in 2020, cerebral infarction for the Black population had an age‐adjusted mortality rate of 256.3 compared with the White population's 170.4. When assessing overall trends by race and ethnic group: American Indian/Alaska Native had average APC −2.5%, Asian Pacific Americans had 2.4%, White population had −1.9%, and the Black population had −1.8%. We found a statistically significant difference in trend of decline between the Black and White population cerebrovascular diseases age‐adjusted mortality rates. No significant average APCs were found for cerebral infarction. The results of this study showcase disparities in cerebrovascular diseases mortality in the United States and where additional effort, research, and care should be focused.

Conclusion
The results of this study showcase disparities in mortality in the United States and where additional effort, research, and care should be focused.
A Multimodal Fitting Approach to Construct Single-Neuron Models With Patch Clamp and High-Density Microelectrode Arrays
Authors: Buccino Alessio Paolo , Damart Tanguy , Bartram Julian , Mandge Darshan , Xue Xiaohan , Zbili Mickael , Gänswein Tobias , Jaquier Aurélien , Emmenegger Vishalini , Markram Henry , Hierlemann Andreas , Van Geit Werner 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In computational neuroscience, multicompartment models are among the most biophysically realistic representations of single neurons. Constructing such models usually involves the use of the patch-clamp technique to record somatic voltage signals under different experimental conditions. The experimental data are then used to fit the many parameters of the model. While patching of the soma is currently the gold-standard approach to build multicompartment models, several studies have also evidenced a richness of dynamics in dendritic and axonal sections. Recording from the soma alone makes it hard to observe and correctly parameterize the activity of nonsomatic compartments. In order to provide a richer set of data as input to multicompartment models, we here investigate the combination of somatic patch-clamp recordings with recordings of high-density microelectrode arrays (HD-MEAs). HD-MEAs enable the observation of extracellular potentials and neural activity of neuronal compartments at subcellular resolution.
In this work, we introduce a novel framework to combine patch-clamp and HD-MEA data to construct multicompartment models. We first validate our method on a ground-truth model with known parameters and show that the use of features extracted from extracellular signals, in addition to intracellular ones, yields models enabling better fits than using intracellular features alone. We also demonstrate our procedure using experimental data by constructing cell models from in vitro cell cultures.
The proposed multimodal fitting procedure has the potential to augment the modeling efforts of the computational neuroscience community and provide the field with neuronal models that are more realistic and can be better validated.