bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of roxatidine against indomethacin‐induced small intestinal mucosal injury in rats
Authors: Umegaki Eiji , Yoda Yukiko , Tokioka Satoshi , Murano Mitsuyuki , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most significant causative factors of gastroduodenal ulcers. Recent reports have demonstrated that NSAIDs can also frequently induce ulceration and erosions of the small intestine. The aim of this study was to examine whether or not roxatidine (an H2 receptor antagonist), which is known to increase gastric mucus in addition to inhibiting gastric acid, might suppress indomethacin‐induced small intestinal mucosal injury, through an increase in mucus in rats.Methods:  Rats were given two p.o. doses of roxatidine, famotidine or cimetidine before and after the s.c. indomethacin injection. The injured area of the small intestine was analyzed. To examine effects of drugs on small intestinal mucus, rats were also given two p.o. doses of roxatidine, famotidine or cimetidine, and the ratio of the periodic acid Schiff (PAS)‐positive area to the area of the mucosa in the small intestine was analyzed. In addition, we evaluated the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins (PG) in the effect of roxatidine on small intestinal mucus.Results:  Roxatidine significantly ameliorated indomethacin‐induced small intestinal injury and increased the PAS‐stained areas in the small intestinal mucosa, while cimetidine and famotidine had no significant effect. Pretreatment with N‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester but not with indomethacin, suppressed the effect of roxatidine on small intestinal mucus, suggesting that the effect is mediated by endogenous NO but not by PG.Conclusion:  Roxatidine suppressed indomethacin‐induced small intestinal injury in rats. One possible mechanism is an increase of small intestinal mucus, mediated by NO.
Identification of inflammation‐related proteins in a murine colitis model by 2D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry
Authors: Naito Yuji , Takagi Tomohisa , Okada Hitomi , Omatsu Tatsushi , Mizushima Katsura , Handa Osamu , Kokura Satoshi , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Fujiwake Hideshi , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  The aim of this study was to identify new intestinal proteins potentially associated with acute inflammation using proteomic profiling of an in vivo mice model of ulcerative colitis.Methods:  2D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight spectrometer (MALDI‐TOF) peptide mass fingerprinting were used to determine differentially expressed proteins between normal and inflamed intestinal mucosa. Acute colitis was induced by 8.0% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) given p.o. for 7 days.Results:  Among a total of seven protein spots showing differential expression, we identified five different proteins, of which two were upregulated and three downregulated in colitis in comparison to normal mucosa, using the MASCOT search engine. 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A synthase 2 and serpin b1a were upregulated proteins, and protein disulfide‐isomerase A3, peroxiredoxin‐6 and vimentin were identified as downregulated proteins.Conclusion:  These identified proteins may be responsible for the development of the intestinal inflammation. 2D‐DIGE and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry are useful in the search for the differentially expressed proteins.
Contribution of efflux pumps to clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Hirata Kenro , Suzuki Hidekazu , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Tsugawa Hitoshi , Muraoka Hiroe , Saito Yoshimasa , Matsuzaki Juntaro , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Although clarithromycin (CLR) is one of the most commonly recommended component drugs of Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens, the prevalence of CLR‐resistant H. pylori has been increasing. It is well known that CLR resistance is associated with point mutations in 23S rRNA, but an active multidrug efflux mechanism of H. pylori may also play a role in its drug resistance. At least four gene clusters have been identified as efflux pump systems in H. pylori and the present study was designed to investigate their role in the CLR resistance of clinical isolates of H. pylori.Methods:  Fifteen CLR‐resistant H. pylori strains (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC]≥ 1 µg/mL) isolated from patients at Keio University Hospital were examined for expression of efflux pump mRNA by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the MIC of CLR in the presence or absence of Phe‐Arg‐β‐naphthylamide (PAβN), an efflux pump inhibitor (EPI), were determined.Results:  In all 15 strains, efflux pump mRNA was expressed, and the MIC of CLR were decreased by using EPI, despite possessing 23s rRNA point mutations. In addition, the MIC of CLR was decreased by the EPI in a concentration‐dependent fashion.Conclusion:  The efflux pump of H. pylori is associated with the development of resistance to CLR, in addition to 23S rRNA point mutations. Efflux pumps could be a novel target for reversing drug resistance in H. pylori.
Serological analysis of Helicobacter hepaticus infection in patients with biliary and pancreatic diseases
Authors: Shimoyama Tadashi , Takahashi Ryoki , Abe Daijiro , Mizuki Ichiro , Endo Tetsu , Fukuda Shinsaku 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Infection with Helicobacter hepaticus has been associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma and gallstones in animal models. In humans, however, the association of H. hepaticus infection with biliary and pancreatic diseases has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to serologically examine the prevalence of H. hepaticus infection in patients with biliary and pancreatic diseases.Methods:  Serum samples obtained from 55 patients with cholelithiasis, 18 with bile duct or gallbladder cancer and 19 with pancreatic cancer were studied. Sera were obtained from 34 control subjects who underwent endoscopy and were diagnosed as not having peptic ulcers or cancers. Seropositivity of H. hepaticus was examined by western blot analysis using a H. hepaticus‐specific antigen. To validate the specificity, positive sera were also tested after absorption with H. hepaticus whole‐cell sonicate. Serum samples were also tested for the presence of anti‐Helicobacter pylori antibody.Results:  Prevalence of antibody to H. hepaticus‐specific antigen in patients with bile tract cancer was 38.8% and was significantly higher than in control subjects (13.1%, P < 0.05). Prevalence of antibody to H. hepaticus‐specific antigen was 18.2% and 10.5% in patients with cholelithiasis and pancreatic cancer, respectively. Seropositivity for H. pylori was similar in all groups. Detection of the H. hepaticus‐specific band was significantly decreased after the sera were absorbed with H. hepaticus whole‐cell sonicate.Conclusion:  Infection with H. hepaticus might be associated with bile duct cancer. Results obtained from absorbed sera suggested high specificity of the western blot analysis.
Efficacy of antibiotic combination therapy in patients with active ulcerative colitis, including refractory or steroid‐dependent cases
Authors: Uehara Toshiki , Kato Kimitoshi , Ohkusa Toshifumi , Sugitani Masahiko , Ishii Yukimoto , Nemoto Norimichi , Moriyama Mitsuhiko 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  We previously demonstrated that antibiotic combination therapy is effective for induction and maintenance of ulcerative colitis (UC) remission. Herein, we assessed whether antibiotic combination therapy is effective for active UC, including cases with steroid refractory or dependent disease.Methods:  We enrolled 25 patients with active UC including 17 steroid‐dependent or refractory cases. These patients received amoxicillin 500 mg t.i.d., tetracycline 500 mg t.i.d. and metronidazole 250 mg t.i.d. for 2 weeks as well as conventional treatment. Seven colonic segments from the appendiceal region to the rectum were scored for endoscopic activity and histology. Clinical activity indexes (CAI) were also determined.Results:  At 3 and 12 months after antibiotic treatment, CAI and endoscopic score were significantly decreased as compared to those before treatment (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). Histological scores were also significantly decreased at 12 months as compared to before treatment (P < 0.01). The clinical response rates in steroid‐dependent patients were 60% and 73.3% at 3 and 12 months, respectively, while being 50% at 12 months in steroid‐refractory patients. Among the 17 steroid‐dependent or refractory patients, 12 (70.6%) were able to discontinue steroid therapy at 12 months. No serious drug‐related toxicities were observed during the trial.Conclusion:  This long‐term follow‐up study suggests 2‐week antibiotic combination therapy to be effective and safe in patients with active UC including those with steroid‐refractory or dependent disease.
Colonoscopic differences of erosive and/or small ulcerative lesions for diagnosis of colonic inflammatory diseases
Authors: Inoue Takuya , Murano Mitsuyuki , Abe Yosuke , Morita Eijiro , Murano Naoko , Toshina Ken , Umegaki Eiji , Hirata Ichiro , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Various etiologies and diseases may be related to erosive and/or small ulcerative lesions without gross appearance in the colon during colonoscopy. However, few investigators report on differential diagnosis of colonic inflammatory diseases. Thus, we investigated the clinical significance of these lesions and the value of colonoscopy in the differential diagnosis of colitis.Methods:  In 110 patients with erosive and/or small ulcerative lesions (<5 mm) who were treated in our hospital during the past 9 years, we retrospectively investigated the relationship between endoscopic morphology and clinical diagnosis. The intestinal lesions were endoscopically classified into three groups (A, hyperemic type; B, aphthous type; and C, verrucous type).Results:  The lesions were mainly located in the rectum to the sigmoid colon in group A. In group C, the lesions were most frequently located in the transverse colon and deeper areas. Endoscopically, the etiology was unclear in 74.5% of group A and 73.8% of group B, however, in group C, most of them (81.0%) were associated with specific diseases. With respect to inflammatory bowel diseases, 71.4% of the patients with Crohn's disease and all patients with ulcerative colitis were assigned to group A or B.Conclusion:  Erosive and/or small ulcerative lesions belonging to group A or B were mainly non‐specific. However, careful follow up was required in groups A and B, which included the possibility of inflammatory bowel diseases, when the symptoms or lesions were not improved.
Homology model of the DNA gyrase enzyme of Helicobacter pylori, a target of quinolone‐based eradication therapy
Authors: Matsuzaki Juntaro , Suzuki Hidekazu , Tsugawa Hitoshi , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Resistance of Helicobacter pylori to the standard therapeutic antimicrobial agents has been demonstrated. Although quinolones are an alternative candidate for third‐line eradication therapy, quinolone resistance of H. pylori is also increasing. Quinolone resistance of H. pylori is caused by a point mutation of the DNA gyrase subunit A (GyrA) protein, especially on amino acids 87 and 91. The aim of this study is to surmise the structure of H. pylori GryA.Methods:  The modeling of the 3‐D structure of H. pylori GyrA was performed by an automated homology modeling program: SWISS‐MODEL. The position of amino acids 87 and 91 in H. pylori GyrA was plotted on the homology model. To estimate the function of quinolone resistance‐determining region (QRDR), the structure of H. pylori GyrA was compared with Escherichia coli GyrA.Results:  A molecular model of H. pylori GyrA could be predicted using SWISS‐MODEL. The GyrA N‐ and C‐terminal domains closely resembled those of E. coli. The position of amino acids 87 and 91 in H. pylori GyrA was part of the DNA binding region (head dimer interface) on the GyrA N‐terminal domain.Conclusion:  Our homology model of H. pylori GryA suggests that the quinolone resistance‐determining region is on the head dimer interface of the GyrA N‐terminal domain.
Asthma and insulin resistance in children
Authors: ARSHI Mandana , CARDINAL John , HILL Rebecca J. , DAVIES Peter S.W. , WAINWRIGHT Claire 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and objective: Increased BMI is a risk factor for asthma in children and may be related to adipokines. Adipokines affect insulin‐stimulated glucose uptakein vitrobut, to date there is little evidence for such a rolein vivo. We explored relationships between obesity and allergic asthma in children.Methods: Twenty‐one allergic asthmatics (AA) and 10 non‐allergic healthy controls, aged 6–17.9 years were studied. AA group included children with a positive mannitol challenge test, >25 ppb of exhaled nitric oxide and a positive skin prick test. BMIz‐scores were calculated. Blood levels of insulin, glucose, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor‐α, IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐6 were measured. Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).Results: There was no significant difference in BMIz‐scores between AA and healthy controls (mean: 0.01 vs −0.10). However, significant differences were found in the blood levels of IL‐6 (P = 0.05), IL‐4 (P = 0.04), IL‐5 (P = 0.01) and leptin (P = 0.02). IR was only found in the AA group (42.85%). Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was significantly related to IL‐6 (r = 0.44,P = 0.05) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (r = −0.45,P = 0.05).Conclusions: IR was observed in AA. Our findings are suggestive of a complex interaction between the inflammatory state and adiposity, allergy and asthma.
Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: Learning curve of first 100 cases
Authors: Ou Yen Chuan , Yang Chi Rei , Wang John , Cheng Chen Li , Patel Vipul R 
Published: April 2010

Objective:  Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) is gaining popularity for treating localized prostate cancer. We aimed to analyze the learning curve of a single surgeon using RALP in Taiwan.Methods:  Medical records of 100 consecutive patients who underwent RALP were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative, perioperative and postoperative parameters between patients in the first 30 cases (Group I), the second 30 cases (Group II) and cases 61–100 (Group III) undergoing RALP were analyzed.Results:  Console time was shorter and blood loss was reduced in Groups II and III compared with Group I. Significant differences were found in vesicourethral anastomosis time (46.38 min for Group I vs 31.0 min for Group II vs 27 min for Group III, P < 0.01). Postoperative stay became statistically significantly shorter, from 7.33 days for Group I to 3.93 days for Group II to 3.0 days for Group III. Positive surgical margin of pT2 was reduced (13.3% for Group I, 7.1% for Group II and 0% for Group III) but not of pT3 (86.7% for Group I, 75% for Group II and 62.9% for Group III). Continence rate at 3 months was higher in Groups II (95%) and III (96.6%) than in Group 1 (76.7%, P < 0.05).Conclusions:  For every 30 cases of RALP, vesicourethral anastomosis time and postoperative stay were significantly shorter. However, the incidence of surgical margin in pT3 prostate cancer was not significantly reduced. A learning curve of more than 100 cases is required to decrease the positive surgical margin in pT3 tumors.
Utilization of therapeutic intervention to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV in a teaching hospital in Kolkata, India
Authors: Chaudhuri Snehamay , Mundle Malay , Konar Hiralal , Das Chandana , Talukdar Arunansu , Ghosh Uday Sankar 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim:  To assess the uptake of an HIV screening program and therapeutic intervention to minimize the risk of mother to child transmission.Methods:  This was a cross‐sectional, observational study with retrospective data obtained from patient medical records. Pregnant women presenting to a tertiary care center in Kolkata, India, from 1 January 2004 – 31 December 2007 underwent HIV serology by rapid test after receiving group counseling. Care was administered using a standard national protocol by a multi‐disciplinary team of health‐care personnel. Main outcome measures were: acceptance of pretest counseling and HIV testing by pregnant women attending antenatal clinic services, post‐test counseling rate, coverage rate of nevirapine to mother–child pairs, and averted HIV infection in children.Results:  Of the 52 127 new antenatal booking visits, 49 580 (95.11%) women attended pretest counseling and 47 506 (91.13%) women accepted HIV testing. Eighty‐six women were found to be seropositive. The seroprevalence rate of HIV infection was 0.17%. Thirty‐seven mothers (88%) and all newborn infants (100%) had received nevirapine prophylaxis. Overall nevirapine coverage rate was 48%. Twenty‐four of the mother–infant pairs that we assessed had infants who were aged over 18 months by June 2008. Eleven (45.83%) of these women turned up with their babies for a blood test at 18 months. Three (27.27%) babies tested reactive.Conclusion:  As uptake of testing is high and detection of HIV‐infected women in pregnancy remains very low, a radical rethinking of policies on therapeutic intervention and their implementation now needs to be undertaken.
Risk factors for term small for gestational age infants in women with low prepregnancy body mass index
Authors: Watanabe Hiroko , Inoue Kazuko , Doi Masako , Matsumoto Momoyo , Ogasawara Kayoko , Fukuoka Hideoki , Nagai Yasushi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim:  The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between low maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5 kg/m2 and the incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) infants.Material & Methods:  This was a cross‐sectional study. The women with BMI of less than 25.0 kg/m2 who gave birth to single term infants (37–42 weeks) at clinics and hospitals in the Tokyo metropolitan area between 2003 and 2004 were analyzed for risk factors for SGA.Results:  Five hundred and seventy‐two women were underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and 2708 (75.1%) were normal (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25.0 kg/m2). Birthweight, analyzed by multiple regression analysis, was highly related (P < 0.05) to gestational age, maternal age, parity, prepregnancy BMI, maternal weight gain and maternal smoking status. Women with a less than 9 kg weight during pregnancy were 1.8 times (confidence interval [CI], 1.6–2.2) more likely to give birth to an SGA infant compared with women who gained 9–12 kg. Maternal smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day was associated with an increased risk of having an SGA infant (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; CI, 1.8–3.5). Women with prepregnancy BMI less than 21.0 kg/m2 were associated with an increased risk of having an SGA infant (OR, 1.6; CI, 1.3–2.2 for BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, and OR, 1.4; CI, 1.2–1.7 for 18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 21.0 kg/m2).Conclusion:  We conclude that the detrimental effect of low prepregnancy BMI in Japanese women on birthweight and incidence of SGA infants. Our findings suggest that appropriate maternal BMI at conception followed by adequate weight gain during pregnancy may have a substantial influence on reducing the SGA infants and increasing the birthweight.
Scleroderma‐like cutaneous lesions induced by paclitaxel and carboplatin for ovarian carcinoma, not a single course of carboplatin, but re‐induced and worsened by previously administrated paclitaxel
Authors: Konishi Yoshitomo , Sato Hirokazu , Sato Naoki , Fujimoto Toshio , Fukuda Jun , Tanaka Toshinobu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractScleroderma‐like cutaneous lesion as an adverse event from paclitaxel and carboplatin has been reported. No report shows the occurrence of scleroderma‐like cutaneous lesions from a single course of carboplatin. The patient is a 67‐year‐old female, administered paclitaxel and carboplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Following four courses, scleroderma‐like cutaneous lesions were demonstrated. Skin biopsy corresponded to histopathological findings of scleroderma. Immunological investigation shows only antinuclear antibodies are positive. The characteristic Raynaud's phenomenon of scleroderma and hemorrhagic spots on the cuticles were not found. Postoperatively, a single course of carboplatin treatment was given. Scleroderma‐like cutaneous lesions re‐induced and worsened. This is the first report detailing scleroderma‐like cutaneous lesions induced by previously administrated paclitaxel that worsened by carboplatin.
Glu298Asp polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine in Turkish pre‐eclamptic women without fetal growth retardation
Authors: Turan Fahri , İlhan Necip , Kaman Dilara , Ateş Kadir , Kafkaslı Ayşe 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAims: Pre‐eclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal death worldwide, affecting 3 to 5% of all pregnancies. We analyzed the Glu298Asp polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in 55 Turkish patients with PE without fetal growth retardation (FGR) and in 54 healthy pregnant women.Methods: Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of Glu298Asp of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene was evaluated by amplification of genomic DNA isolated from whole blood followed by digestion with the restriction enzyme Frio. PE was defined according to the Working Group2000criteria as high blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg after 20 weeks of gestation) and proteinuria (>300 mg/24 h). We excluded the women with FGR Serum arginine, with only ADMA and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) levels measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography.Results: Genotypes were defined as GG, GT and TT according to the presence of the G and T alleles. In this case‐control study, we did not find any significant difference in either the genotypic distribution or allelic frequency of Glu298Asp gene polymorphism between the pre‐eclamptic patients and healthy pregnant women. Serum ADMA, arginine and SDMA levels were higher in patients with PE compared with healthy pregnant women (respectively,P < 0.0001,P < 0.0001,P < 0.0001).Conclusions: The results suggested a lack of association between the Glu298Asp gene polymorphism and pre‐eclampsia without FGR in the Turkish population. But elevated ADMA and SDMA levels suggest that ADMA has a role in the pathogenesis of PE.