bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexural Strength and Morphological Characteristics of Resin-modified Glass-ionomer Containing Bioactive Glass
Authors: Mousavinasab Sayed Mostafa , Khoroushi Maryam , Keshani Fateme , Hashemi Shirin 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Recent advances in dental materials have led to the production of smart materials. Recently, addition of bioactive materials to glass-ionomer cements has resulted in new capabilities beyond the beneficial effects of fluoride release. This in vitro study compared the flexural strengths (FS) of a resin-modified glass-ionomer containing bioactive glass (RMGIBAG) with that of a commonly used resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI).

Methods and materials
A total of forty RMGI and RMGI-BAG bars (20 × 4 × 4 mm) were prepared in stainless steel molds. Each of the RMGI and RMGI-BAG bars was set for FS test. FS values of the specimens were measured using three-point bending test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The surface changes and the amounts of elements on the materials’ surfaces were also evaluated by SEM/EDS analyses. Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 and t-test (a = 0.05).

Results
The means ± SD in the study groups were 61.46 ± 22.52 and 39.90 ± 9.11 MPa respectively. There were significant differences between FS of the two study groups (p = 0.003).

Conclusion
While adding 20 wt% of BAG to the RMGI powder evaluated in this study decreases FS of the material significantly, the mean value of FS is in the acceptable range of the reported FS values for conventional GIs and RMGIs that are commercially available for clinical use.

Clinical significance
While flexural strength of RMGI decreases subsequent to addition of bioactive glass, it is still clinically acceptable considering the flexural strength values reported for clinically used GIs and RMGIs. Further studies are recommended.

How to cite this article
Mousavinasab SM, Khoroushi M, Keshani F, Hashemi S. Flexural Strength and Morphological Characteristics of Resin-modified Glass-ionomer Containing Bioactive Glass. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):41-46.
Correlation of Levels of Interleukin-1β in Gingival Crevicular Fluid to the Clinical Parameters of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Chaudhari AU , Byakod GN , Waghmare PF , Karhadkar VM 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTAimBackground and objectives: IL-1β is a potent stimulator of bone resorption and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal destruction. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the levels of IL-1β of chronic periodontitis patients with the healthy subjects. Another objective of this study was to correlate IL-1β levels with the clinical parameters of the periodontal disease progression.MethodsFor this study, total 60 subjects were chosen (30- healthy and 30-chronic periodontitis). Simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), gingival index (GI), periodontal disease index (PDI), probing depth (PD), tooth mobility, bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded for all the subject. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected and subjected for ELISA for estimation of IL-1βResultsAt the periodontal diseased sites, the IL-1β levels increased at least 2-fold as compared with healthy subjects. This increase was highly significant (p = 0.0000). Within the test group, IL-1β levels correlated positively and significantly with PDI, PD, BOP and tooth mobility. The correlations of IL-1β with PD (p = 0.000) and IL-1β with BOP (p = 0.0004) were highly significant.Interpretation and conclusionThese data suggest that amount of GCF IL-1β is closely associated with periodontal status. This relationship may be valuable in monitoring periodontal disease activity.Clinical significanceIt could be stated from this study on IL- 1β that there seem to be a strong correlation between periodontal tissue destruction and IL-1β. Furthermore IL-1β level could also differentiate between active and inactive periodontal lesions.How to cite this articleChaudhari AU, Byakod GN, Waghmare PF, Karhadkar VM. Correlation of Levels of Interleukin-1β in Gingival Crevicular Fluid to the Clinical Parameters of Chronic Periodontitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):52-59.
Novel Glass-Ceramics for Dental Restorations
Authors: Pollington Sarah 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere are many different ceramic systems available on the market for dental restorations. Glass-ceramics are a popular choice due to their excellent esthetics and ability to bond to tooth structure allowing a more conservative approach. However, at present, these materials have insufficient strength to be used reliably in posterior regions of the mouth.PurposeThe aim of this review article is to discuss the types of novel glass-ceramic currently be investigated including composition, microstructure and properties.ConclusionCurrent research in glass-ceramics focuses on the quest for a highly esthetic material along with sufficient strength to enable crowns and bridgework to be reliably placed in these areas.Clinical significanceThere is a gap in the market for a machinable resin bonded glass-ceramic with sufficient strength as well as excellent esthetics.How to cite this articlePollington S. Novel Glass-Ceramics for Dental Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1): 60-67.
Functional and Esthetic Rehabilitation with In-Ceram Alumina and Zirconia System: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Zavanelli Adriana Cristina , Mazaro José Vitor Quinelli , Mestrener Sandra Rahal , Zavanelli Recardo Alexandre 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe development of all-ceramic systems following metalceramics restorations allowed simulation of natural dentition due to favorable esthetics and resistance. In-Ceram is an alternative when esthetics is primordial as well as resistance required in rehabilitation. However, an ideal smile is associated to not only shape, color, texture and translucency but also harmony with gingival tissue. So, the aim of this study is to report a clinical case based on periodontal and fixed partial dentures principles to perform periodontal plastic surgery followed by esthetic rehabilitation. A female patient, 40-year-old, presented complaint about dental esthetics. After clinical and radiographic exams, metal-ceramics crowns (teeth 11, 12, 13, 21, 22 and 23) were considered unsatisfactory due to marginal leakage, color change in gingival tissue associated to metallic margin, and gummy smile. So, a crown lengthening surgery of anterior teeth was performed followed by rehabilitation of superior teeth with In- Ceram single crowns.Clinical significanceThe interaction between periodontics and fixed prosthodontic area is the key of an adequated treatment planning which involves gingival smile to provide function and an esthetic condition in association with an esthetic, resistant and predictable material.How to cite this articleZavanelli AC, Mazaro JVQ, Mestrener SR, Zavanelli RA. Functional and Esthetic Rehabilitation with In-Ceram Alumina and Zirconia System: A Multidisciplinary Approach. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):68-72.
Influence of the Fast-processing Technique on the Number of the Occlusal Contacts and Occlusal Vertical Dimension of Complete Dentures
Authors: Atashrazm Parsa , Alavijeh Leila Zamani , Afshar Maryam Sadat Sadrzadeh 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTAimOcclusal errors during acryl processing affect the retention and stability of complete dentures. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of a short curing technique on the number of occlusal contacts and the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) of complete dentures.Materials and methodsComplete dentures were prepared. The number of occlusal contacts was recorded in centric relation (CR) using 60 ì articulation paper. The OVD was recorded with the waxed trial denture in place. Dentures were then invested and processed with compression molding and short cure water bath technique. The number of occlusal contacts was recorded again. The amount of pin opening was measured for all of the complete dentures on the articulator. Data were analyzed with paired t-test to determine the alterations.ResultsThe mean number of occlusal contacts before and after processing was 10.9 ± 2.4 and 6.3 ± 3.1 respectively (4.7 ± 1.9 decrease; p < 0.001). A 2 mm mean increase in OVD was observed in 47.7% of the dentures with < 6 occlusal contact changes and 88.9% of the dentures with > 6 occlusal contact changes (p < 0.003). A significant change in the number of occlusal contacts was associated with an OVD increased up to two times.ConclusionThe short curing technique seems to be related to the decreased occlusal contacts and increased OVD.Clinical significancesMore time is needed to adjust the occlusal errors of this method, because it has a negative effect on the morphologic pattern of artificial teeth of complete dentures and thus should be used carefully.How to cite this articleAtashrazm P, Alavijeh LZ, Afshar MSS. Influence of the Fast-processing Technique on the Number of the Occlusal Contacts and Occlusal vertical Dimension of Complete Dentures. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):84-90.
Morphologic Variations of Maxillary Molars Palatal Root and the Importance of Its Knowledge for Endodontic Practice: A Case Series
Authors: Scarparo Roberta Kochenborger , Pereira Letícia , Moro Diana , Gründling Grasiela , Gomes Maximiliano , Grecca Fabiana Soares 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
The present report describes and discusses root canal variations in the internal morphology of maxillary molars.

Background
Dental internal anatomy is directly related to all the technical stages of the endodontic treatment. Even though, in some situations a typical anatomical characteristics can be faced, and the professional should be able to identify them.

Case descriptions
This clinical report describes five cases with different pulpar and periapical diagnostics where the endodontic treatment was performed, in which during the treatment the unusual occurrence of two or three canals in the palatal root ‘or even two distinct palatal roots’ of first and second maxillary molars, were described and important details for achieving treatment success were discussed.

Conclusion
The knowledge of tooth internal anatomy must be considered during clinical and radiographic examinations. This should be valued not only to find atypical canals but also to enable calcified canals cleaning and shaping, once they are frequently omitted during endodontic therapy.

Clinical significance
Anatomic variations can occur in any tooth, and palatal roots of maxillary first and second molars are no exception. The complexity of the root canal system and the importance of identifying its internal anatomy for planning endodontic treatment increase the chances of success.

How to cite this article
Scarparo RK, Pereira L, Moro D, Gründling G, Gomes M, Grecca FS. Morphologic Variations of Maxillary Molars Palatal Root and the Importance of Its Knowledge for Endodontic Practice: A Case Series. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):138-142.
An Evaluation of Nasolabial Angle and the Relative Inclinations of the Nose and Upper Lip
Authors: Nandini S , Prashanth CS , Somiah Sanju K , Reddy SRK 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
Esthetics is one of the major motivating factors for patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Hard tissue and soft tissue drape both determine the facial esthetics. The structures in this region are so variable that the nasolabial angle (NLA) has been drawn differently by various investigators. Variations can lead to erroneous conclusions in orthodontic diagnosis.

Aims and objectives
The study was done to evaluate a reliable method of constructing the nasolabial angle (NLA) and to correlate the soft tissue profile parameters with one another.

Materials and methods
Lateral cephalogram of 50 randomly selected adult patients were taken. The tracings were made and 10 copies of each tracing were randomly distributed to 10 different orthodontists to draw the NLA.

Results
Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) showed both N/ FH and L/FH angles to have significant p values when compared with NLA. The regression analysis showed that the nasolabial angle can be calculated for any given value of N/FH or L/FH by the formula: NLA = 80.33° + 1.02° (N/FH) and NLA = 14.2° + 1.04° (L/FH). The mean value of N/FH was 17.42° ± 8.40° and L/FH was 80.68° + 6.45° for this sample. Inter examiner reliability calculated by repeated measures of ANOVA and Dahlerg's formula showed high degree of reliability and reproducibility of the method.

Clinical significance
NLA can be predicted for any given value of N/FH and L/FH. NLA = 80.33° + 1.02° (N/FH) and NLA = 14.2° + 1.04° (L/FH). If an individual has either N/FH or L/FH in the normal range but not the NLA then one could calculate the correct NLA using this formula. Thereby the NLA can be brought within the normal range by altering the other nasolabial parameters by correct treatment planning. Since the nasolabial angle plays a vital role in profile esthetics of a person, the clinician should place greater emphasis in evaluating this area and plan treatment mechanics to place this angle within the accepted normal variation.

How to cite this article
Nandini S, Prashanth CS, Somiah SK, Reddy SRK. An Evaluation of Nasolabial Angle and the Relative Inclinations of the Nose and Upper Lip. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(3):152-157.
Cephalometric Evaluation-based on Steiner's Analysis on Young Adults of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Chandra Subhash , Farishta Saibel , Varma D Praveen Kumar , Reddy K Srinivas , Nanda Zinnie 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
The study was conducted to establish skeletal and dental parameters for Chhattisgarhi young adults, evaluation of variability between male and female Chhattisgarhi normal occlusion subjects and comparison of Cephalometric norms of Chhattisgarh population with Caucasians as well as other non- Caucasian groups.

Materials and methods
A Cephalometric study of 80 Chhattisgarhi young adults (40 males and 40 females) with acceptable profile and occlusion was carried out by means of Steiner's analysis.

Results
In comparison to the Caucasian samples, the Chhattisgarhi samples were more protrusive skeletally and dentally and exhibited a more horizontal growth pattern than the Caucasians. The females reported with an increased incisor procumbency, prominent chin and prognathic maxilla than their male counterparts.

Conclusion
The results of the study support the fact that a case of malocclusion cannot be treated to a template of norms which have been derived from mean values of a certain select group of subjects with excellent occlusion and harmonious facial proportions.

Clinical significance
A case of malocclusion needs to be treated based on the individual merits and demerits of that case and not based on template of norms derived from mean values of select subject groups with ideal occlusion and proportion.

How to cite this article
Farishta S, Varma DPK, Reddy KS, Chandra S, Nanda Z. Cephalometric Evaluation-based on Steiner's Analysis on Young Adults of Chhattisgarh, India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(3):174-178.
Comparative Evaluation of Pain, Tenderness and Swelling followed by Radiographic Evaluation of Periapical Changes at Various Intervals of Time following Single and Multiple Visit Endodontic Therapy: An in vivo Study
Authors: Prashanth MB , Tavane Pradeep N , Abraham Sathish , Chacko Lisa 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
This clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the postoperative sequelae following single-visit versus multiplevisit endodontic therapy at various interval of time in vital as well as nonvital teeth.

Materials and methods
Thirty-two cases were randomly assigned to the following four groups, group I, group II, group III and group IV. After gaining the access to the pulp chamber, establishing the working length, thorough cleaning and shaping was done for all the cases. Obturation was done by protaper (variable taper) gutta-percha and AH-PLUS sealer using lateral and vertical condensation technique. All the cases were recalled after 48 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks and 6 weeks following obturation and were evaluated for postoperative pain, tenderness and swelling.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference amongst all the four groups in the incidence and severity of postoperative pain, tenderness and swelling at the end of one week. However, within 48 hours groups I, II and IV showed more pain when compared to group III. And groups I, II and III showed more tenderness compared with groups IV. Postoperative swelling was not reported.
Radiographic investigation at the end of 6 weeks showed significant change in the appearance of the periapical region in group II and group IV cases.

Conclusion
On strict adherence to biological principles and proper case selection, no significant difference in the success, postoperative pain and tenderness exist when treated with either single-visit or multiple-visit therapy.

Clinical significance
No significant difference in the success rate or postoperative pain, tenderness, and swelling exists when treated with either single-visit or multiple-visit endodontic therapy. Hence, one can readily integrate one-visit endodontic therapy into the routine clinical practice of dentistry.

How to cite this article
Prashanth MB, Tavane PN, Abraham S, Chacko L. Comparative Evaluation of Pain, Tenderness and Swelling followed by Radiographic Evaluation of Periapical Changes at Various Intervals of Time following Single and Multiple Visit Endodontic Therapy: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(3):187-191.
Prosthetic Status and Prosthetic Needs among Institutionalized Geriatric Individuals in Nashik City Maharashtra: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Chaware Sachin , Ghodpage SL , Sinha Manish , Chauhan Vishal , Thakare Vrushali 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Objectives
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among institutionalized geriatric individuals in Nashik city, Maharashtra, to assess their prosthetic status and needs.

Materials and methods
The oral examination of the study subjects was carried out using Basic Oral Health Surveys, WHO 1997 criteria.

Results
A total of 160 individuals were included in the study of which 40 were females and 120 were males. A total of 55 (34.37%) study participants had some prosthesis at the time of examination, whereas 136 (85%) were in need of prosthesis. A total of 49 subjects (30.62%) needed complete dentures in both jaws. Around 26 (16.25%) of the subjects needed combination prosthesis.

Conclusions
The study concludes that the prosthetic status of the institutionalized geriatric individuals in Nashik city is poor with a higher unfulfilled prosthetic needs. A systematic strategy planning is needed to address these needs.

Clinical significance
There exists a higher unfulfilled prosthodontic need among institutionalized geriatric individuals in Nashik city.

How to cite this article
Chaware S, Ghodpage SL, Sinha M, Chauhan V, Thakare V. Prosthetic Status and Prosthetic Needs among Institutionalized Geriatric Individuals in Nashik City, Maharashtra: A Descriptive Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(3):192-195.
Comparative Analysis of Dimensional Precision of Different Silicone Impression Materials
Authors: Al-Zarea Bader K , Sughaireen Mohamed G 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To investigate the accuracy of four commercial types of additional silicone impression materials (AFFINIS®, Virtual®, Relay 2002 CD® and Silagum®).

Materials and methods
The accuracy of impression material was measured indirectly by measuring three dimensions on stone cast poured from impressions of a stainless steel master model. The three dimensions on stone cast were measured at 1 hour, 2 days, 1 and 2 weeks after making the impression. Two impression techniques were used in the current study. The two-step impression technique was used for AFFINIS® and Virtual®, while single-step technique was used for Relay 2002 CD® and Silagum® materials. Twenty impressions were made of the master cast at four different periods for each of the tested four materials with a total of 320 impressions. Two vertical dimensions and one horizontal dimension were measured on master cast using optical microscope. Statistical analysis was run to compare the mean measurements for tested casts from each impression and time interval with the master cast.

Results
No statistical significant differences were found (p > 0.05) in the accuracy of tested materials. There was no significant difference of master cast and impression cast means over time. Additionally, impression technique could be correlated with accuracy.

Conclusion
The tested additional silicones showed accuracy over time and they could be delayed up to 4 weeks duration without any significant changes in its dimensional stability. Silagum® impression material was the most accurate followed by Relay 2002 CD®, Virtual® and AFFINIS®.

Clinical significance
Silagum® impression material is most accurate followed by Relay 2002 CD®, Virtual® and AFFINIS®.

How to cite this article
Al-Zarea BK, Sughaireen MG. Comparative Analysis of Dimensional Precision of Different Silicone Impression Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011; 12(3):208-215.
Synthesis of Ti2SnC MAX Phase by Mechanical Activation and Melt Infiltration
Authors: Kang Young Jae , Fey Tobias , Greil Peter 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTernary MAX phase Ti2SnC was synthesized by Sn‐melt infiltration into a porous preform of sub‐stoichiometric titanium carbide TiC0.5. Compared to synthesis starting from elemental Ti + C + Sn mixtures which require temperatures exceeding 1100 °C a significantly lower reaction temperature as low as 700 °C was observed in the TiC0.5 + Sn system. This reduction in reaction temperature is rationalized in terms of accumulation of microstrain and decrease of crystallite size upon ball milling of the Ti + C powder mixture. Dense compacts of Ti2SnC with only minor fractions of unreacted TiC0.5 were obtained at 1025 °C. Thus reactive solid–liquid processing at lower temperatures might be of relevance for MAX phase systems containing low melting A‐elements such as Sn, In, Ga, Pb, etc. which tend to become unstable at elevated temperatures.
Decomposition strategy for the global optimization of flexible energy polygeneration systems
Authors: Chen Yang , Li Xiang , Adams Thomas A. , Barton Paul I. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe optimal design and operation of flexible energy polygeneration systems using coal and biomass to coproduce power, liquid fuels, and chemicals are investigated. This problem is formulated as a multiperiod optimization problem, which is a potentially large‐scale nonconvex mixed‐integer nonlinear program (MINLP) and cannot be solved to global optimality by state‐of‐the‐art global optimization solvers, such as BARON, within a reasonable time. A duality‐based decomposition method, which can exploit the special structure of this problem, is applied. In this work, the decomposition method is enhanced by the introduction of additional dual information for faster convergence. The enhanced decomposition algorithm (EDA) guarantees to find an ε‐optimal solution in a finite time. The case study results show that the EDA achieves much faster convergence than both BARON and the original decomposition algorithm, and it solved the large‐scale nonconvex MINLPs to ε‐optimality in practical times. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3080–3095, 2012