bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtobot—a multi‐functional robotic system for 3D surface scanning and automatic post mortem biopsy
Authors: Ebert Lars Christian , Ptacek Wolfgang , Naether Silvio , Fürst Martin , Ross Steffen , Buck Ursula , Weber Stefan , Thali Michael 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe Virtopsy project, a multi‐disciplinary project that involves forensic science, diagnostic imaging, computer science, automation technology, telematics and biomechanics, aims to develop new techniques to improve the outcome of forensic investigations. This paper presents a new approach in the field of minimally invasive virtual autopsy for a versatile robotic system that is able to perform three‐dimensional (3D) surface scans as well as post mortem image‐guided soft tissue biopsies.MethodsThe system consists of an industrial six‐axis robot with additional extensions (i.e. a linear axis to increase working space, a tool‐changing system and a dedicated safety system), a multi‐slice CT scanner with equipment for angiography, a digital photogrammetry and 3D optical surface‐scanning system, a 3D tracking system, and a biopsy end effector for automatic needle placement. A wax phantom was developed for biopsy accuracy tests.ResultsSurface scanning times were significantly reduced (scanning times cut in half, calibration three times faster). The biopsy module worked with an accuracy of 3.2 mm.DiscussionUsing the Virtobot, the surface‐scanning procedure could be standardized and accelerated. The biopsy module is accurate enough for use in biopsies in a forensic setting.ConclusionThe Virtobot can be utilized for several independent tasks in the field of forensic medicine, and is sufficiently versatile to be adapted to different tasks in the future. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Historical reconstruction of a relictual population of wild grapevines (Vitis vinifera SSP sylvestris, Gmelin, Hegi) in a floodplain forest of the upper Seine valley, France
Authors: Arnold Claire , Schnitzler Annik , Parisot Christophe , Maurin Alexandre 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWild grapevine (Vitis vinifera ssp sylvestris) is considered to be nearly extinct in its western range as a result of the expansion of American diseases combined with drastic hydraulic works in the region. In such a context, the discovery of a population of 120 individuals, offered an excellent opportunity to evaluate the status of the plant at the current edge of its western range. We focussed on the distribution patterns and the reconstruction of the history of the population through a combination of ecological and genetic data.Fifty‐one individual plants present in a forest plot of 9.72 ha were studied. For each individual, geographical, morphological and growth strategy data were collected. Individuals were genotyped at 14 SSR loci.Most grapevines were clumped and their density varied between forest plots with different management over the past few centuries. Overall, the number of stems possessed by each plant ranged from one to nine. Heights varied from 14 to 24 m, with diameter ranging from 0.9 to 4.6 cm (mean = 2.4 cm).The analysis of the genetic data showed that (i) no cultivar or rootstocks were present in the population; (ii) out of 57 individuals considered in this study, six were clones; and (iii) all 14 loci were polymorphic. Six groups were shown to be significantly related.In spite of a relatively high‐genetic diversity, the population is currently at a critical state at the local scale because of the low chances of seedling survival for more than 1 year. The clones were also directly destroyed by human management.The ideal way to improve the status of the wild grapevine in the Bassée Forest would be to re‐create zones of erosion as well as to create a strict conservation area or reserve encompassing the entire region. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interference‐resistant cooperative wireless networks based on complementary codes
Authors: Liu Kuang‐Hao , Shin Hsiang‐Yi , Chen Hsiao‐Hwa 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSpatial diversity in wireless networks can be attained by exploiting the broadcast nature of wireless transmission without the need of multiple antennas in individual device, leading to the implementation of cooperative communication. While most prior works focused on the single source—destination scenario, it should be more realistic to consider how to induce cooperation among multiple source‐destination pairs assisted by multiple relays. In such a case, multiple access interference (MAI) may present due to asynchronous transmissions of the users and relays. In this paper, a cooperative network architecture based on orthogonal complementary (OC) codes inherently immune to MAI is proposed. To efficiently utilize the scarce radio spectrum and codes, a centralized medium access control (MAC) protocol is proposed to coordinate the code assignment and channel access among users and relays. We theoretically analyze the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed OC coded cooperative network over multipath Rayleigh fading channel. The performance gain resulted from different numbers of relays is investigated, and compared with a time division multiple access (TDMA) based cooperative scheme. We show that the proposed OC coded cooperative network performs well in the presence of timing offset, and thus is well suited for asynchronous uplink transmission with cooperative relaying. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling a shallow water acoustic communication channel using environmental data for seafloor sensor networks
Authors: King Peter , Venkatesan Ramachandran , Li Cheng 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDevelopment of communication channels for underwater sensor networks holds many unique challenges. Communication near the bottom of the ocean is no exception as the effects of reflection and refraction greatly affect how acoustic waves travel between a source and an intended receiver. Deployment and testing in the ocean are difficult and expensive; thus there is a strong reliance on models to aid in design and development of a potential network. Since each ocean region can present very unique challenges, it is of great value to model an environment based on real environmental parameters whenever available. A well prepared channel model will provide the ability to show channel capacity as it relates to node positions, as well as showing the performance of modulation techniques to an environment with propagation characteristics and path arrivals. This channel model will also be implementable into a simulation package to allow for high quality simulation of higher level protocols. The proposed method has proved to be a useful tool in modeling a particular environment and provides insight into underwater sensor node placement and modulation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transplacental transport of nanomaterials
Authors: Saunders Margaret 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe unique properties of nanoparticles (NP) are key to the excitement over their potential application to benefit many aspects of our lives, but are also the cause of concern over inadequate toxicological assessment of their possible impact on human health. Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding area of industrial activity in which NP are being developed for a wide range of purposes. With some of these products already in use, and many more soon to follow, it is critically important that the potential risks from this new technology are properly assessed. There is a pressing need to understand how engineered NP can interact with the human body following exposure as consumers, in the workplace or from the environment and fundamental to this is the assessment of NP interactions at biological barriers, which control access to the whole organism and specific organs. The placenta is a barrier of particular interest because it determines exposure of the foetus that represents a vulnerable and sensitive subpopulation requiring additional consideration. Little is currently known about whether NP can cross the human placental barrier or interfere with placental function but suitable transport models have been developed which can be used to clarify the mechanisms of cellular interaction and transport across the placenta. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Atomic force microscopy and indentation force measurement of bone
Authors: Thurner Philipp J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis review is summarizing the results obtained from atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanoindentation experiments to date. The combination of both techniques is especially powerful. It allows to carefully choose indentation locations as well as the post‐hoc analysis of the created indents, and hence the possibility to assess the properties of microstructural elements of bonessue. In addition, AFM has improved our understanding of bone ultrastructure and force spectroscopy experiments have led to the discovery of a molecular self‐healing effect of bone that may be based on a small fraction of unstructured proteins. Nanoindentation measurements on bone, pose inherent problems since bone is an anisotropic solid showing elastic, viscoelastic, and time‐dependent plastic behavior. Hence, derived parameters such as elastic modulus and hardness are to some extent dependent on measurement protocols. However, the development of extensions to the Oliver–Pharr method, being the most widely used analysis method, as well as novel dynamic testing techniques could improve the situation. Nanoindentation is widely used to study bone tissue and some important principal findings have been reported to date. These are presented here together with specific results from nanoindentation experiments of human and animal bones and tables are presented collating the data that can be found in the literature to date. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Kristallstrukturen und Phasenumwandlungen von Kalium‐ Tetrakis(trifluormethyl)borat, K[B(CF3)4]
Authors: Bernhardt Eduard , Berkei Michael , Willner Helge 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBelow room temperature K[B(CF3)4] was found to be trimorphic according to DSC measurements, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and vibrational spectroscopy. In its modification below –65 °C K[B(CF3)4] crystallises in the orthorhombic space group P212121 (Nr. 19) with a = 9.2593(14), b = 9.7527(15), c = 10.2170(16) Å and four formula units in the unit cell. At this temperature the anion exhibit nearly T‐symmetry. Between –65 °C and –50 °C K[B(CF3)4] becomes trigonal in the space group P3221 (Nr. 154) / P3121 (Nr. 152) with a = 6.9064(7), c = 17.1509(18) Å, and three formula units per unit cell. In this temperature range the CF3 groups rotate hindered. At room temperature the salt transforms into a plastic phase in the cubic space group Fm\bar{3}m (Nr. 225) with a = 9.9145(28) Å, and four formula units per unit cell, and the anions rotate completely. The unusual properties of K[B(CF3)4] are in part due to the low coordinating ability of the spherical big anions. In comparison to other anions [B(CF3)4]– is very weakly coordinating as demonstrated by the high ν(N–H) vibrational frequency (3234 cm–1) of the ion pair (n‐C8H17)3N+H···[B(CF3)4]– in CCl4 solution.
Deriving non-Zeno behaviour models from goal models using ILP
Authors: Alrajeh D. , Kramer J. , Russo A. , Uchitel S. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

One of the difficulties in goal-oriented requirements engineering (GORE) is the construction of behaviour models from declarative goal specifications. This paper addresses this problem using a combination of model checking and machine learning. First, a goal model is transformed into a (potentially Zeno) behaviour model. Then, via an iterative process, Zeno traces are identified by model checking the behaviour model against a time progress property, and inductive logic programming (ILP) is used to learn operational requirements (
pre-conditions
) that eliminate these traces. The process terminates giving a non-Zeno behaviour model produced from the learned pre-conditions and the given goal model.
The Birth of Pancreatic Surgery: A Tribute to Friedrich Wilhelm Wandesleben
Authors: Schnelldorfer Thomas 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFriedrich Wilhelm Wandesleben (1800–1868), a small‐town German physician, performed surgical drainage of a traumatic pancreatic pseudocyst in November 1841. This operation should be acknowledged as the world’s first reported operation on the human pancreas. The surgeon, the operation, and its implications for future pancreatic operations are the subjects of this historical review.
Laparoscopic and robotic donor pancreatectomy for living donor pancreas and pancreas–kidney transplantation
Authors: Oberholzer Jose’ , Tzvetanov Ivo , Mele Alessandra , Benedetti Enrico 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPancreas transplantation is a widely accepted procedure that can efficiently restore euglycemia and prevent progression of complications. In most instances, the limiting factor for deceased donor organ transplantation is the availability and quality of the available organs. Living donor pancreas transplant was introduced at the University of Minnesota in 1979. Because of the potential risks for the donor and the technical challenges in the recipient operation, this procedure has not become very popular since then. In 1999, in the attempt to decrease the morbidity associated with open distal pancreatectomy, the first laparoscopic donor distal pancreatectomy with hand‐assisted technique was performed at the same institution. In 2000, the FDA approved the robotic surgical system Da Vinci for general use. Since then, the system has been extensively used at our institution to perform living donor nephrectomy. The only case reported worldwide of robotic distal pancreatectomy and nephrectomy for living donor pancreas–kidney transplantation was successfully performed by our team in 2006 at the University of Illinois at Chicago and proved as a promising technique. The application of minimally invasive techniques has allowed an increased acceptance of the procedure among potential donors and may, therefore, increase the number of donors for this life‐saving transplant. The initial results are encouraging and clearly prove feasibility.
Recent advances in visualization, imaging, and navigation in hepatobiliary and pancreatic sciences
Authors: Sugimoto Maki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground/purposeRecent introduction of multi‐detector CT (MDCT) and high‐speed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have dramatically advanced visualization and imaging technology in diagnostic and therapeutic strategy in hepatobiliary pancreatic disease. However, image diagnostics have progressed with a background of the essence of anatomy, pathology, and physiology. It is important to object the reflection of the patient's condition and pathology of each disease and remove pattern recognition in what they were depicted as an image. Visualization plays another important role in various medical diagnostics. Trends in scientific visualization will depend on advancements in molecular technology and computer hardware as well as trends in engineering disciplines.MethodsIn this special issue, the recent advances in visualization and imaging in the field of hepatobiliary and pancreatic sciences are featured including application of advanced visualization techniques, data management, data compression, feature extraction.ResultsWe discuss the potential benefits of new technologies and procedures in hepatobiliary and pancreatic areas, that are circulating tumor cells, MR imaging for hepatocellular carcinoma, indocyanine green using fluorescence under infrared light observation, carbon dioxide enhanced MDCT virtual cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided biliary drainage, natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery, MR‐laparoscopy, and image overlay navigation surgery by OsiriX.ConclusionSome of the recent trends are discussed in terms of visualization and imaging in hapatobiliary and pancreatic sciences. The goal in using visualization is to assist existing scientific procedures by providing new insight through visual representation.
Intraoperative exploration of biliary anatomy using fluorescence imaging of indocyanine green in experimental and clinical cholecystectomies
Authors: Tagaya Nobumi , Shimoda Mitsugi , Kato Masato , Nakagawa Aya , Abe Akihito , Iwasaki Yoshimi , Oishi Hideto , Shirotani Noriyasu , Kubota Keiichi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground/purposeWe evaluated the usefulness of intraoperative exploration of the biliary anatomy using fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) in experimental and clinical cholecystectomies.MethodsThe experimental study was done using two 40‐kg pigs and the clinical study was done in 12 patients for whom cholecystectomy was planned from January 2009 to June 2009. Initially we used a laparoscopic approach for the evaluation of fluorescence imaging of the biliary system in the two pigs. Then the clinical study was started on the basis of these experimental results. ICG (1.0 ml/body of 2.5 mg/ml ICG) was infused 1–2 h before surgery. With the subjects under general anesthesia we observed in real time the condition of the biliary tract under the guidance of fluorescence imaging employing an infrared camera or a prototype laparoscope. ICG was added intravenously to observe the location or flow condition of the cystic artery.ResultsWe obtained a clear view of the biliary tract and the location of the cystic duct in the two pigs. Local compression with a transparent hemispherical plastic device was effective for offering a clearer view. The biliary tract, except for the gallbladder, was clearly recognized in all clinical subjects. Local compression with a transparent hemispherical plastic device for open cholecystectomy and a flat plastic device for laparoscopy provided clearer visualization of the confluence between the cystic duct and common bile duct or common hepatic duct. The location of the cystic artery was revealed after division of the connective tissues, and the flow condition of the cystic artery was confirmed 7–10 s after intravenous re‐infusion of ICG. There were no adverse events related to the intraoperative procedure or the ICG itself.ConclusionsThis method is safe and easy for the identification of the biliary anatomy, without requiring cannulation into the cystic duct, X‐ray equipment, or the use of radioactive materials. Although fluorescence imaging is still at an early stage of application in comparison with ordinary intraoperative cholangiography, we expect that this method will become routine, offering a lower degree of invasiveness that will help avoid bile duct injury.
Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided biliary drainage
Authors: Itoi Takao , Sofuni Atsushi , Itokawa Fumihide , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Kurihara Toshio , Ishii Kentaro , Tsuji Shujiro , Ikeuchi Nobuhito , Umeda Junko , Moriyasu Fuminori , Tsuchida Akihiko 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground and purposeEndoscopic ultrasonography‐guided biliary drainage (EUS‐BD) has been developed as an alternative drainage method in patients with obstructive jaundice. EUS‐BD is divided into EUS‐guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS‐CDS), EUS‐guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS‐HGS) and EUS‐guided gallbladder drainage (EUS‐GBD). The aim of this review is to focus on the current status and limitations of EUS‐BD.MethodsA systematic review was performed to evaluate EUS‐BD. MEDLINE, EMBASE and manual searches were performed to identify the pertinent English language full articles.ResultsThe high success rate without fatal adverse events for EUS‐CDS (93%; 28/30) and EUS‐HGS (97%; 28/29) suggest the feasibility and safety of the procedures in high‐volume endoscopic centers adopting various procedural techniques. Although the number of reported cases was very small, the success rate of EUS‐GBD was high (100%; 14/14), without serious adverse events.ConclusionsAlthough all procedures require further assessment in a larger cohort of patients, including comparative studies between EUS‐CDS or EUS‐HGS versus PTBD, and EUS‐GBD versus PTGBD, EUS‐BD may be a promising procedure for the treatment of obstructive jaundice. However, dedicated devices for EUS‐guided drainage are needed for reliable procedures.
Integrated MR‐laparoscopy system with respiratory synchronization for minimally invasive liver surgery
Authors: Matsuoka Yuichiro , Kumamoto Etsuko , Sugimoto Maki , Azuma Takeshi , Saito Akito , Shibasaki Toshio , Kuroda Kagayaki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPurposeThe laparoscope has been invaluable in minimally invasive surgery, but provides only a surface view of target tissue; therefore it is lacking internal tissue information. In combination with the laparoscope for visualizing the cross‐sectional view of the tissue, MRI is superior to ultrasonography or X‐ray CT, because of its high soft‐tissue contrast, arbitrary slice orientation and lack of radiation properties. Thus, we propose an integrated MR‐laparoscopy system with a respiratory‐synchronized navigation.MethodsA transmit/receive RF coil for localized MR imaging with a 0.5 T open‐MRI was mounted onto the tip of an MR‐compatible laparoscope. The signal detection of the coil was examined with an excised porcine liver sample, an agar phantom and the abdominal wall of a healthy volunteer. A real‐time navigation system to compensate for respiratory motion was developed, and examined with a healthy volunteer.ResultsThe SNRs of the local MR images were 112, 62, and 62 in the liver sample, phantom, and volunteer. The navigation system successfully displayed the scope view, scope location and orientation, and MR images with respiratory‐synchronized real time operation.ConclusionsThe MR‐imaging and synchronization function of the proposed system seemed to be helpful for laparoscopic surgery.