bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunodominant T‐cell epitopes of hnRNP‐A2 associated with disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Trembleau Sylvie , Hoffmann Markus , Meyer Brigitte , Nell Valerie , Radner Helga , Zauner Wolfgang , Hammer Juergen , Aichinger Gerald , Fischer Gottfried , Smolen Josef , Steiner Günter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 (hnRNP‐A2) has been described as an important autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) since it is targeted by autoantibodies, autoreactive T cells, and is aberrantly expressed in synovial cells in patients. To identify hnRNP‐A2‐specific T‐cell epitopes possibly associated with pathogenicity, we used an innovative approach. We first scanned 280 overlapping hnRNP‐A2 peptides for binding to the RA‐associated class II molecules HLA‐DR4 and HLA‐DR1, leading to a comprehensive selection of binders. The selected peptides were tested in IFN‐γ‐specific ELISPOT assay: PBMC from 18% of RA patients showed a significant IFN‐γ response to hnRNP‐A2 peptides, 15% to the overlapping sequences 117–133 and/or 120–133, whereas PBMC from healthy individuals tested negative. We measured proliferative responses to these two peptides in another cohort of patients with RA or osteoarthritis: positive responses were found in 28% of RA, but also in 11% of osteoarthritis patients and these responses could be blocked by anti‐MHC class II Ab. Remarkably, the presence of 117/120–133‐specific T cells was significantly associated with active disease in RA patients, and bone erosion appeared to be more common in T‐cell positive patients. These data suggest involvement of hnRNP‐A2 specific cellular autoimmune responses in RA pathogenesis.
Human peripheral blood and bone marrow Epstein–Barr virus‐specific T‐cell repertoire in latent infection reveals distinct memory T‐cell subsets
Authors: Guerreiro Manuel , Na Il‐Kang , Letsch Anne , Haase Doreen , Bauer Sandra , Meisel Christian , Roemhild Andy , Reinke Petra , Volk Hans‐Dieter , Scheibenbogen Carmen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEBV infection leads to life‐long viral persistence. Although EBV infection can result in chronic disease and malignant transformation, most carriers remain disease‐free as a result of effective control by T cells. EBV‐specific IFN‐γ‐producing T cells could be demonstrated in acute and chronic infection as well as during latency. Recent studies, however, provide evidence that assessing IFN‐γ alone is insufficient to assess the quantity and quality of a T‐cell response. Using overlapping peptide pools of latent EBV nuclear antigen 1 and lytic BZLF‐1 protein and multicolor flow cytometry, we demonstrate that the majority of ex vivo EBV‐reactive T cells in healthy virus carriers are indeed IL‐2‐ and/or TNF‐producing memory cells, the latter being significantly more frequent in BM. After in vitro expansion, a substantial number of EBV‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells retained a CC‐chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7)‐positive memory phenotype. Based on their cytokine profiles, six different EBV‐specific T‐cell subsets could be distinguished with TNF‐single or TNF/IL‐2‐double producing cells expressing the highest CCR7 levels resembling early‐differentiated memory T cells. Our study delineates the memory T‐cell profile of a protective immune response and provides a basis for analyzing T‐cell responses in EBV‐associated diseases.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Useful Ligands for the Palladium‐Catalysed Direct C5 Arylation of Heteroaromatics with Aryl Bromides or Electron‐Deficient Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Ozdemir Ismail , Gök Yetkin , Özeroğlu Özlem , Kaloğlu Murat , Doucet Henri , Bruneau Christian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNew Pd–N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes have been prepared and employed for palladium‐catalysed direct arylation of heteroaromatic derivatives by using aryl halides. These catalyst precursors promote the coupling of challenging aryl halides such as deactivated or congested aryl bromides and also activated aryl chlorides. This procedure employs only 1 mol‐% of an air‐stable palladium complex. This is a practical advantage over the procedures that employ palladium attached to air‐sensitive phosphane ligands, which are often used to promote the coupling of such aryl halides.
An Improved Synthesis of Borazine with Aluminum Chloride as Catalyst
Authors: Li Jun‐sheng , Zhang Chang‐rui , Li Bin , Cao Feng , Wang Si‐qing 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBorazine is an excellent precursor for boron nitride. However the existing synthetic methods for the preparation of borazine have drawbacks such as relatively high reaction temperatures, side reactions, long reaction times, and low yields. An improved synthesis procedure was disclosed, which involved the use of aluminum chloride as a catalyst in the reaction of sodium borohydride with ammonium sulfate. The aluminum chloride catalyst brought the reaction temperature down from 120–140 °C to 45 °C. Improved yields of borazine were obtained in comparison to the reaction without a catalyst. In addition, the reaction process was investigated in detail by 11B NMR spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that aluminum borohydride formed in very small quantity when aluminum chloride was introduced, which plays an important role in the reaction.
Oil quality characteristics of irradiated sunflower and maize seed
Authors: Yaqoob Nazia , Bhatti Ijaz Ahmed , Anwar Farooq , Asi Muhammad Rafique 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe characteristics of oils extracted from gamma‐irradiated sunflower (Halianthus annuus) and maize (Zea mays) seeds at absorbed doses of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 kGy were investigated. Gamma irradiation did not affect the lipid, protein, fiber, and ash contents of neither sunflower nor maize seeds significantly (p>0.05). No significant changes were observed for the values of refractive index and density between the control and irradiated sunflower and maize oils. Peroxide value, acid value, para‐anisidine value, and conjugated dienes and trienes contents increased, while iodine values decreased in the irradiated oils as compared to those of control oils (p<0.05). A small decrease in the contents of α‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocopherols of both sunflower and maize oils was noted by radiation treatment up to 6 kGy, however, the decline was more pronounced at higher dosages. The effects of irradiation on the fatty acid composition of sunflower oil showed a significant (p<0.05) change in the amounts of stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids, while the concentration of palmitic acid was unaffected even at 10 kGy. Similar trends in the fatty acid profile were found for both the sunflower and maize oil.
Modification of the fat composition of the Iberian pig using Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Parra Vita , Petrón María Jesús , Martín Lourdes , Broncano Julio Manuel , Timón María Luisa 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the influence of a diet with probiotic bacteria on the lipid composition of different tissues from Iberian pigs. Cholesterol and fatty acid profiles were measured in liver, subcutaneous fat, and Serratus ventralis muscle samples. Feeding Iberian pigs a mixture of probiotic microorganisms for 45 days prior to slaughter affected the tissue composition. The feeds of the control and probiotic groups were identical except for the added Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis (1.28 × 109 cfu/kg feed) in the feed of the probiotic group. The diet with probiotics significantly affected the fatty acid profile of liver, subcutaneous fat and Serratus ventralis muscle samples, but no significant differences were found for the cholesterol content. The livers of the probiotic group contained lower levels of n‐6 fatty acids and higher levels of n‐3 fatty acids. The subcutaneous fat contained lower levels of n‐6 fatty acids. Serratus ventralis muscles from the probiotic group contained a significantly higher percentage of oleic acid than those of the control group.Practical applications: This study deals with the effect of the addition of probiotic bacteria to the diet of pigs on both the cholesterol and fatty acid content. B. subtilis and B. licheniformis can be used in pig feed (Regulation EC no. 2148/2004), but there are no studies about their effects on fresh meat or other tissues, particularly regarding the fat composition. Thus, it is interesting to study how feeding these microorganisms affects the different tissues. Including these microorganisms in the basic diet could serve as a strategy to modify the fat composition and to obtain healthier products from pigs.
Effect of feeding and genotype on the lipid profile of organic chicken meat
Authors: Sirri Federico , Castellini Cesare , Roncarati Alessandra , Franchini Achille , Meluzzi Adele 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe effects of partial substitution of soybean (SB) with faba bean (FB) and of genotypes [fast‐growing Cobb 700 (FG), medium‐growing naked‐neck Kabir (MG), slow‐growing Brown Classic Lohman (SG)] on the lipid composition as well as the meat quality attributes of chickens reared under organic conditions were evaluated. A total of 720 1‐day‐old male chicks were equally divided into three groups according to genotype and raised for 81 (MG and FG) or 96 days (SG): half birds of each genotype received either SB grower diet or FB grower diet. Meat from SG and MG birds exhibited a lower lipid content than that from FG birds. Both in breast and thigh meat, MUFA were significantly increased from SG to MG and FG. SG meat contained the highest amounts of either arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, or docosapentaenoic acid, but the lowest amounts of α‐linolenic acid. Total PUFA gradually decreased from SG to MG and FG birds (413, 358, and 324 g/kg of fat), as well as total n − 6 and total n − 3. The Δ5‐ plus Δ6‐desaturase index was 54.0, 34.4, and 23.6 for SG, MG, and FG birds, respectively. The n − 6/n − 3 ratio was lower in SG and MG than in FG birds. The partial replacement of SB with FB had a lesser effect than the genotype on the meat quality characteristics.
Metastable zone determination of lipid systems: Ultrasound velocity versus optical back‐reflectance measurements
Authors: Chaleepa Kesarin , Szepes Anikó , Ulrich Joachim 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe metastable zone width (MZW) of a multi‐component system as influenced by the process parameters cooling rate, agitation speed, and additive concentration was determined via ultrasound velocity measurements. The results were compared with those obtained by optical back‐reflectance measurements (ORM) using coconut oil as a model substance. Increasing the cooling rate led to the shift of the nucleation point to lower temperatures. This tendency was better visualized by the ultrasonic curves while a significant disturbance of the ORM signal could be observed. Agitation led to an increase of the nucleation temperature and hence a narrower metastable zone. The influence of an additive on the MZW was found to strongly depend on its concentration. The MZW detected by the ultrasound technique was narrower compared to that obtained by the ORM method, indicating the faster response to the phase transition of the ultrasound technique. Another advantage of the ultrasound technique was the in situ evaluation of the experimental data, while ORM needed a linear fitting to estimate the saturation temperature. Furthermore, ultrasound velocity measurements are based on density determination of the medium whereas the ORM sensor is able to detect only particles that are located within the measuring zone and possess a well‐defined size.Practical applications: MZW is one of the most important parameters that determine the characteristics of crystalline products. However, a proper technique that can be used in MZW detection in fat systems has rarely been reported, due to the difficulties in dealing with natural fats. The findings of this study can greatly help those who are involved in the field of fat crystallization from both the academic and the practical point of view. This is due to the fact that new and promising techniques for the online and in situ determination of the MZW of fats, with high accuracy, and reproducibility, under most process conditions, were clarified in this work. The readers can easily follow the procedure developed in this paper. Also information about the influence of process parameters and additives on the MZW is included.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 3,5‐Bis(oxopyridinyl)‐ and 3,5‐Bis(pyridinyloxy)‐Substituted Boron‐Dipyrromethenes
Authors: Khan Tamanna K. , Rao M. Rajeswara , Ravikanth M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNucleophilic substitution reactions of 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐hydroxypyridines with 3,5‐dibromo meso‐aryl and meso‐furyl boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) resulted in the formation of the corresponding 3,5‐bis(oxopyridinyl)‐BODIPYs and 3,5‐bis(pyridinyloxy)‐BODIPYs in decent yields. The effect of a pyridone versus an oxypyridine at the 3‐ and 5‐positions on the spectral, electrochemical and photophysical properties were studied as a function of solvent. The 3,5‐bis(oxopyridinyl)‐BODIPYs exhibit broad, red‐shifted absorption and emission bands, decreased quantum yields and lifetimes, displayed large Stokes shifts and easier reductions than did the 3,5‐bis(pyridinyloxy)‐BODIPYs. The differences in the properties of these two classes of BODIPY dyes are attributed to the extension of π‐delocalization associated with the electron‐deficient nature of the pyridone groups.
Simple, coupled algorithms for solving creeping flows and their application to electro‐osmotic flows
Authors: Suh Yong Kweon , Kang Sangmo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this study we developed simple, coupled algorithms for solving low‐Reynolds‐number flows applicable to micro‐scale flows such as electro‐osmotic flows. The most popular scheme, i.e. the projection method, is not suitable for such flows because of its undesirable slip effect on boundaries at low‐Reynolds‐numbers. In our method, the velocity and pressure are strongly coupled, and the momentum and pressure equations are solved iteratively by using the successive over relaxation (SOR) method while exchanging the unknown variables as soon as they have been updated. The developed methods are applied to a model flow for evaluating their performance. It was found that the coupled schemes are indeed superior to a projection method, i.e. the fractional‐step method, in both numerical accuracy and CPU time. The code is then applied to a dc electro‐osmotic flow within a cavity driven by electrical force acting on the ions spread in the fluid. In this application, the system of equations for the fluid flow and that for the ion transport are solved in a decoupled way, but each system is solved by using fully implicit schemes. From the simulations and by introducing the concept of vorticity source, we can identify two roles of the body force, one contributing to build‐up of the osmotic pressure and the other to the fluid flow. The interesting reverse flow occurring after the external potentials applied on the electrodes have been shut off is also investigated in terms of the vorticity source. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prescribing options for leukaemia in the spotlight at ASH 2009
Authors: Pinn Stephen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUK doctors figured prominently during the clinical sessions at the 51st annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) held in New Orleans, December 4‐8, 2009, which attracted a worldwide audience of more than 25 000 blood disorder and oncology specialists. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance Tests and Pressure Drop Measurements in the Anode Flowfield of a μDMFC
Authors: Hsieh S.‐S. , Chen W.‐C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCell performance tests and measurements of the pressure drops in the anode flow channels of a custom‐made microdirect methanol fuel cell (μDMFC) are conducted and studied for different methanol concentrations (0.5–2 M), flow rates (10–20 sccm) and operating temperatures (40–80 °C). The anode flowfields consist of three channel/four pass flow channels with widths of 500–2000 μm and a total length of 300–400 mm. Moreover, flow characteristics of the CO2 gas bubbles and methanol solution in the anode flow channels are identified and analysed for CO2 fraction through visualisation. Finally, an optimal channel size for the present μDMFC is obtained.
Hippocampal epigenetic modification at the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor gene induced by an enriched environment
Authors: Kuzumaki Naoko , Ikegami Daigo , Tamura Rie , Hareyama Nana , Imai Satoshi , Narita Michiko , Torigoe Kazuhiro , Niikura Keiichi , Takeshima Hideyuki , Ando Takayuki , Igarashi Katsuhide , Kanno Jun , Ushijima Toshikazu , Suzuki Tsutomu , Narita Minoru 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEnvironmental enrichment is an experimental paradigm that increases brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression accompanied by neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rodents. In the present study, we investigated whether an enriched environment could cause epigenetic modification at the BDNF gene in the hippocampus of mice. Exposure to an enriched environment for 3–4 weeks caused a dramatic increase in the mRNA expression of BDNF, but not platelet‐derived growth factor A (PDGF‐A), PDGF‐B, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), in the hippocampus of mice. Under these conditions, exposure to an enriched environment induced a significant increase in histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) trimethylation at the BDNF P3 and P6 promoters, in contrast to significant decreases in histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) trimethylation at the BDNF P4 promoter and histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) trimethylation at the BDNF P3 and P4 promoters without any changes in the expression of their associated histone methylases and demethylases in the hippocampus. The expression levels of several microRNAs in the hippocampus were not changed by an enriched environment. These results suggest that an enriched environment increases BDNF mRNA expression via sustained epigenetic modification in the mouse hippocampus. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc..
Emotional consequences of wheel running in mice: Which is the appropriate control?
Authors: Dubreucq Sarah , Marsicano Giovanni , Chaouloff Francis 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn overview of the literature on the emotional impacts of wheel running reveals contradictory findings. Among the hypotheses underlying such a discrepancy, that related to the different housing conditions of the controls, i.e., standard housing without any object or housing with blocked running wheels, merits attention. We addressed this point in C57Bl/6N mice by examining the consequences of chronic wheel running on anxiety, context fear recall, and behavioral despair compared either to standard control housing or to housing with blocked wheels. Compared to standard housing, wheel running proved anxiolytic while facilitating fear memory. On the other hand, wheel running increased behavioral despair but influenced neither anxiety nor fear memory when compared to housing with blocked wheels. This study suggests that investigations aimed at measuring the emotional consequences of wheel running should take into consideration the housing conditions of the controls to which are compared the runners. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recollection‐related hippocampal activity during continuous recognition: A high‐resolution fMRI study
Authors: Suzuki Maki , Johnson Jeffrey D. , Rugg Michael D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe used high‐resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether successful recollection during continuous recognition is associated with relative enhancement of hippocampal activity, consistent with prior findings from experiments employing separate study and test phases. While being scanned, subjects discriminated between new and repeated pictures. Each picture, which was repeated once after an interval of between 10 and 30 items, was surrounded by a frame that was colored gray, blue, or orange. When an item repeated, its frame color determined the correct response. Repeated items surrounded by a gray frame always required an “old” judgment. A repeated item surrounded by a blue or an orange frame required a different response depending whether it was represented in the same (Target) or a different (Nontarget) color from the first presentation. Consistent with the results from previous continuous recognition experiments, robust new > old effects were found in bilateral hippocampus. In addition, an across‐subjects correlational analysis identified a cluster of voxels in right hippocampus where recollection‐related activity (operationalized by the contrast between correctly vs. incorrectly judged Nontargets) was positively correlated with recollection performance. Thus, successful recollection during continuous recognition is associated with a relative enhancement of hippocampal activity. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survey of methodologies for developing media screening values for ecological risk assessment
Authors: Barron Mace G. , Wharton Steven R. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
This review evaluates the methodologies of 13 screening value (SV) compilations that have been commonly used in ecological risk assessment (ERA), including compilations from state and U.S. federal agencies, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Canada, The Netherlands, and Australia. The majority of surfacewater SVs were primarily derived for the protection of aquatic organisms using 2 approaches: (1) a statistical assessment of toxicity values by species groupings, such as “ambient water quality criteria,” or (2) extrapolation of a lowest observed adverse effect level determined from limited toxicity data using an uncertainty factor. Sediment SVs were primarily derived for the protection of benthic invertebrates using 2 approaches: (1) statistical interpretations of databases on the incidence of biological effects and chemical concentrations in sediment, or (2) values derived from equilibrium partitioning based on a surfacewater SV. Soil SVs were derived using a diversity of approaches and were usually based on the lowest value determined from soil toxicity to terrestrial plants or invertebrates and, less frequently, from modeled, incidental soil ingestion or chemical accumulation in terrestrial organisms. The various SV compilations and methodologies had varying levels of conservatism and were not consistent in the pathways and receptors considered in the SV derivation. Many SVs were derived from other compilations and were based on outdated values, or they relied on only older toxicity data. Risk assessors involved in ERA should carefully evaluate the technical basis of SVs and consider the uncertainty in any value used to determine the presence or absence of risk and the need for further assessment.