bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EID – evaluation of the implementation of the documentation sheet in cases of sexual violence against women in Hesse
Authors: Hintz E 
Published: March 2011

According to a representative study 13% of German women fall victim to criminal prosecuted sexual harassment at least once in their lifetime. In order to secure forensic evidence for trial the Hesse Department of Labour Work, Family and Health lead-managed the design of a special documentation sheet and forensic examination kit to be used in cases of sexual violence. Since 2008 police officers in Hesse are required to escort female victims of sexual assault to the hospital and insure implementation of the documentation sheet and the forensic examination kit. The project evaluates the implementation of the documentation sheet in Hesse. Questions to be answered are as follows: How and to what extent is the documentation sheet being used? How is the cooperation between police, medical doctors, the women's helpline and the prosecution? To what extent does the documentation sheet help to improve the healthcare of victims?MethodsUp to now 11 interviews have been arranged with the 12 women helplines in Hesse. 23 question guide supported interviews with police officers from commissioners offices of Hessen were conducted. Furthermore, interviews with prosecutors, judges and victims advocates from nine Hessian regions are planned. In medical care regions nine interviews with gynaecologists in hospitals and in established practices will be arranged. The final results will be given in September.
A verbal audit to determine the consequences of domestic violence among 50 women at a shelter for abused women in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Mtonga R E 
Published: March 2011

Summary50 women were enlisted with ages ranging between 18 and 49 years Verbal threats physical beatings, verbal abuse and non-consensual sexual intercourse were the forms Domestic violence took.MethodA semistructured schedule based on Convenience sampling Method was used. The 50 women were drawn from a drop-in centre for abused women in Lusaka.Results29 out of 50 or 58% were married, 7 or 14% were single, 6 or 12% were divorcees and 8 or 16% were widowed.38 (6%) lived in high density or medium cost housing, 11 or 22% where from low density housing.Of the 14 that responded to the question of education status, 12 or 86% had primary education while only 2 or 15% had secondary education. 12 of the 14 or 85% were unemployed. 33 out the 50 or 66% reported battering by the intimate partner.Outcomes included non-consensual sexual intercourse 30%, 26% had unplanned pregnancies, 16% or 8 had sexually transmitted diseases, while 6 or 12.5% contemplated divorce. 66% of the women even contemplated suicide.15 or 30% said their spouses often took alcohol in excess.Injuries included lacerations 5 (10%), bruises 19 (38%), brunt trauma 3 or 6% while the rest had undefined injuries.Discussions and conclusionsDomestic violence, perpetrated by intimate sexual partners who often took alcohol is common and manifested as non-consensual sex, batterings partners and verbal abuse. Psychosocial trauma, contraction of sexually transmitted diseases, unplanned pregnancies, attempted suicides and physical injuries were effects.
Family socioeconomic status and various types of fall injuries among young people
Authors: Hasselberg M 
Published: March 2011

Problem and ObjectiveStudies focusing on the socioeconomic distribution of fall injuries among children are few and show mixed results. Previous studies are mainly area-based and no studies have investigated the relationship between family socioeconomic position and subgroups of fall injuries. The current study examines whether socioeconomic position affect the risk of having fall related injuries of different types.MethodThis population-based cohort study links Swedish national register data for a cohort of 1 544 047 individuals born between 1977 and 1991. Individual records from the 1985 census were linked to the National Hospital Discharge Register for the period 1998–2004. Fall injuries requiring hospitalisation were recorded (n=38 529). Logistic regressions were used to measure the effect (odd ratios) of socio-economic position on eight subgroups of fall injuries (based on external codes, ICD-10).ResultsAn analysis of all types of fall aggregated (W00-W19) showed no significant differences between young people from different socioeconomic groups. However, analyses of subgroups of falls showed that children of manual workers had significant higher odds of having injuries related to falls from playground equipment (OR 1.35 (1.21 to 1.50), stairs (OR 1.48, CI 1.30 to 1.69), trees (1.36 (1.17 to 1.58) and falls from buildings (OR 1.38 CI 1.18 to 1.60). On the other hand, children in lower socioeconomic groups had significantly lower odds for sport related falls compared to children of parents who are intermediate- and high level salaried employees.ConclusionThis study indicates that when falls are split into subgroups the effect of low socioeconomic position can be both protective and aggravating.
Annual incidence and cost of non-fatal farm youth injury in the United States, 2001–2006
Authors: Zaloshnja E , Miller Ted R 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveEstimate the annual incidence and cost of non-fatal farm youth injury in the United States for the period 2001–06.MethodsWe used 2001–06 Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey data to estimate the annual incidence of farm youth non-fatal injury. To estimate the costs of injuries suffered by youth working/living on the farm, we multiplied the number of injuries times published unit costs by body part, nature of injury and age group.ResultsThe annual number of non-fatal injuries to farm youth (ages 0–19) in 2001–2006 was 26 570. Of those, 45.1% occurred to household youth not working (95% CI: 39.6 to 50.6). The annual cost of non-fatal farm youth injuries was $119.9 million (in 2005 dollars). The bulk of it ($92.1 million) was comprised of medical costs. The mean cost was $4515 per case (95 CI $4273 to $4757).
Fife Cares
Authors: Spacey P , Pairman S , McCall M 
Published: March 2011

‘Fife Cares’ is an integral part of Fife Community Safety Partnerships work to improve the safety of vulnerable residents and deliver the community safety outcome Fewer injuries and losses of life at home and on the roads. Through home visits, the service addresses specific needs and provides tailored advice and assistance.Each visit involves a room by room check for hazards. Electrical sockets, flexes and domestic appliances are checked and minor repairs carried out. Households with no working smoke alarms, are offered the free installation of 10-year battery operated smoke alarms. Advisers undertake a needs assessment, allowing clients to benefit from follow-up visits from partner agencies.Service benefits are measured using a range of outcome measures, number of people visited and feedback from clients and partner services. Figures from NHS Fife indicate the number of emergency hospital admissions involving children aged 16 and under following a home accident declined by 33% between 2001 and 2007. Between 2002 and 2008 admissions involving older people aged 60+ declined by 4%.The numbers of primary fires, have decreased by 31% over the last 5 years with a decrease of 12% from last year.Feedback from partner agencies suggests the service is both effective and valued. Client feedback shows the service promotes peace of mind - helping them to feel safer and more secure in their own homes.Fife Cares is leading nationally, providing an effective model for addressing the safety concerns of vulnerable groups in a cost-effective and targeted way.
A mental models methodology for understanding use (and non-use) of preventive measures
Authors: Austin L C , Butte G , Thorne S 
Published: March 2011

Experts are often baffled by the behaviour of non-experts. Why won't people use bike helmets? Or stair rails? Or personal hearing protection? Safety items that are readily available, sometimes even required at work, often go unused. Experts may wonder, ‘What are they thinking?’Individuals' behaviours are shaped by their mental models – their internal representations of beliefs they find relevant to a situation, and the relationships among those beliefs. We present a mental models methodology, which was developed by decision scientists and cognitive psychologists and offers an empirically validated approach for comparing how experts and non-experts think about the benefits, costs and tradeoffs of potential risks and related prevention. This method has been used to compare thinking about food safety, municipal drinking water, safety in the home and occupational safety. It offers a systematic approach to: (1) elicit how experts think about a given risk and related preventive measures; (2) diagram a consensus of expert thinking using an influence diagram; (3) elicit how non-experts think about the same risk and related prevention; (4) compare expert and non-expert thinking in order to reveal gaps, misperceptions and differences in how the two groups think about the same risk and prevention; and (5) develop effective risk management strategies and risk communications specifically focused on the issue at hand. We present the method using examples from mental models research projects we have conducted.
Adolescent homicide victims, offenders and circumstances in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Swart L , Seedat M 
Published: March 2011

Although homicide is the leading cause of non-natural death for South African adolescents, little is known about the circumstances surrounding such homicides. This study examines homicides that occurred among adolescents (15–19 years) in Johannesburg during the period 2001–2007, and describes victim and offender characteristics, victim–offender relationships and event characteristics. A typological analysis is presented to identify particular categories of homicides for the purposes of informing appropriate prevention strategies.A total of 451 adolescent homicides were drawn from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System which provides information on the victim, external cause of death, time and location of death. Of these cases, 247 (54.8%) were followed up via police case records to obtain information on offenders and homicide circumstances.Of the 195 cases eligible for analysis, 81.0% of the victims were male and 25.6% tested positive for alcohol. Most of the offenders were male (89.7%), comprising of strangers (41.5%) and acquaintances (30.8%). Homicides typically involved firearms (43.1%) or sharp instruments (40.5%) and occurred in the street (42.1%) or a house (26.2%). Arguments (32.8%) were the most common triggers, followed by revenge (11.3%), robbery (10.8%) and vigilantism (6.2%). Preliminary typological analyses identified three categories of adolescent homicide: (1) male victims killed by strangers during a crime-related event; (2) male victims killed by an acquaintance during an argument; and (3) female victims. The findings call for multiple strategies for combating adolescent homicides.
The solution of waijo or teenager quarrelling and fighting problem
Authors: Namprasert A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe word Waijo is a slang in Thai for teenager who tends to be a hooligan. They always act out violently and impetuous. They often attack other group by using illegal weapon or fighting especially in the community entertainment fair. Most of this case has been caused by drinking alcohol or having addictive substance. The statistic of this serious case tends to be increase every day.MethodologyThis misbehaviour teenagers needs to be improved exactly. Bringing the group to be the community volunteer is the way to solve this problem. They first need to be adjusted their behaviour by using soldier method, then reminding them the danger of drug addict and teaching them about basic law in their daily life. And let them visit the hospital or the jail to share idea with the victim of violence or drug addict patients. These can build up the awareness of being legal people. Moreover, gathering them to be the volunteer network to prevent their own community is the main way to solve the problem. Most of them are accepted to be the youth leader to expand their new experience to the next group of violent teenagers. And this can be the strong network of young generation in community.ResultThe hooligan role in community is reduced rapidly. Now, there are 198 volunteer teenagers who take action in community as the traffic policeman, school or community guard and so on. And there are also 212 volunteer club members in school.ConclusionNow, Waijo teenagers who used to be harmful and has been looked down on by people around can turn to be new one by using behaviour adjustment process from the older.
Toys in the upper aerodigestive tract: new evidence on their risk as emerging from the ESFBI study
Authors: Foltran F , Berchialla P , Gregori D , Pitkranta A , Slapak I , Jakubkov J , Bellussi L , Passali D 
Published: March 2011

Rationale and aimForeign body (FB) inhalation/aspiration or ingestion are relatively common events in young children and, despite many efforts made in several countries to reach acceptable safety levels for products devoted to children, small toys or toy parts are frequently mentioned among risky FBs. The aim of the present study is to characterise the risk of complications and prolonged hospitalisation due to toys inhalation/aspiration or ingestion according to age and gender of patients, FB characteristics and FB location, circumstances of the accident, as emerging from the ESFBI study.MethodsA retrospective study in major hospitals of 19 European countries was realised on children aged 0–14 having inhaled/aspired or ingested a toy, with regard to the characteristics of the child and the FB (shape volume consistency), the FB location the hospitalisation's details and the occurrence of complications.ResultsIn the years 2000–2003 a total of 2094 FB injuries occurred in children aged 0–14 years. Among them 121 (5.8%) were due to toys (mainly parts of toys) and 95 (4.5%) occurred in the lower/upper aero-digestive tract. 58 children needed hospitalisation. The first determinant of a damage requiring hospitalisation is the rigid consistence of the object. Almost 27% of toys related injuries happened under adults supervision.ConclusionsDespite the adoption of preventive strategies, including products modification by manufacturers, has resulted in a decrease of children's mortality for chocking in the last decades, our results seem to testify that preventive strategies imposing a regulation of industrial production, even if fundamental, are not sufficient and need to be integrated with other preventive intervention addressed to improve parents ability to be conscious of FB injuries and attentive towards a proper surveillance of children.
The development and implementation of mandatory motorcycle helmet legislation in Vietnam
Authors: Passmore J , Nam N Phuong , Huong N Lan , Ha N Trong 
Published: March 2011

Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of death and disability in Vietnam with 11 243 deaths and 7771 serious injuries on the roads in 2008, of which an estimated 60% of deaths occurred in motorcycle riders and passengers.Motorcycles represent 95% of Vietnam's 27 million registered vehicles. In recognition of this problem, Vietnam has had partial motorcycle helmet legislation since 1995, however for a variety of reasons, implementation and enforcement have been limited.On 29 June 2007, Vietnam introduced the first universal mandatory helmet law. Taking effect on 15 December 2007, this legislation covered all riders and passengers on all roads. Penalties were increased tenfold and cohorts of police were mobilised for enforcement.Despite past barriers to enforcement, prioritisation within traffic police resulted in 680 000 infringements being issued for non-wearing in 2008. In selected provinces, helmet wearing increased significantly in the first 6 months of the helmet law. In Danang, for example, increasing from 27% to 99%. Preliminary data from 20 hospitals indicated that the risk of head injuries and deaths decreased by 16% and 18%, respectively; in the 3 months after the helmet law was introduced.Vietnam has a long history of limited effectiveness in helmet legislation. However, through political leadership, advance public education and stringent enforcement from the day the legislation took effect, reductions in head injuries and deaths are evident.Continual monitoring the implementation of the legislation has identified loopholes detrimental to the effectiveness of the law which have subsequently either have been or are being addressed.
Qualitative insights into patients experiences of injury: the burden of injury
Authors: Sleney J , Christie N 
Published: March 2011

The UK Burden of Injury Study was a major study that aimed to understand the impacts of unintentional injury on people. Both quantitative and qualitative measures were used. This paper explores the patients experience of injury, its impact on their lives from a qualitative perspective.In-depth interviews were carried out among 89 participants of different ages, genders and employment status who had suffered from a variety of different injuries across different settings, presenting to several A&E departments.Over half of the participants experienced some emotional impact from their injury. Many participants, often older, experienced some loss of confidence as a result of their injury. Adequate, timely information was an important concern for participants during their care. Financial and employment issues had a greater impact on those participants that were self employed. Support from friends, family and neighbours were regarded by participants as extremely important especially during the first few weeks/months after leaving hospital.The research confirms the importance of social support for facilitating recovery from injury. The role of information seems very important to patients throughout the process of treatment, discharge and rehabilitation. For some patients it was clear that their injury could lead to mental health problems when the injury had been life changing this has implications for the support of people after discharge. This research also affirms the importance of injury prevention to avoid these major impacts on people's lives.
Progress in preventing injuries: an online inventory of national policies
Authors: Mitis F , Sethi D , Racioppi F 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionAs part of a 3-year collaborative project between WHO and the European Commission on progress achieved by Member States in implementing resolution EUR/RC55/R9 and the European Council Recommendation on the prevention of injuries, an inventory of national policies has been compiled by WHO Regional Office for Europe.Methods and resultsA web-based database was created using national policies for injury and violence prevention using an internet search in English or German. This was supplemented with a questionnaire survey completed by health ministry focal persons for injury and violence prevention. 97 policies from 30 countries were uploaded on the internet in 2008. These have been supplemented further in 2009 when an additional 72 national policies were identified. A content analysis of policies is being carried out to identify factors thought to be conducive to policy development and implementation. The documents in the inventory reflect policy initiatives undertaken at national level by different sectors such as health, justice, interior, social affairs and transport. Information can be viewed and searched on a country basis or as part of a regional overview and can be searched by type of injury or violence, target group and lead sector.ConclusionsThis inventory of national policies for injury and violence prevention is a resource for policy-makers and practitioners interested in seeking more information. It represents a user-friendly system that can be used as a baseline to map future progress, to advocate for greater commitment and action, and to facilitate the sharing of information.
Injury prevention in Swedish agriculture
Authors: Lundqvist P , Alwall C 
Published: March 2011

The aim of a national programme on injury prevention in Swedish agriculture is to reduce the number of injuries by 50%.During 2008–2009 there has been a planning phase. The concept is face to face interaction between educated supervisors (mainly farmers) in order to increase knowledge as well as changing attitudes and behaviours in relation to risks and injury prevention. They will work with concepts: (1) a three step focus group concept including development of action plans for each farm and farm family, (2) individual visits by supervisors on farms for interaction and action plan development and follow-ups, (3) farm walks with groups of farmers. All concepts will give the farmer/farm family support for identifying his/her own risks and ways of preventing injuries. The goal is to give the farm family motivation to handle their problems by themselves as an integrated part of farming. Special focus is given to children and senior farmers (>65 years).Almost 150 persons have been educated as supervisors. They have been given facts on injuries and injury prevention, but the focus was training of a pedagogic method called future workshop both during the course and as a working tool for them during their meeting with farmers. The mission as supervisors started in the end of 2009 and will be evaluated until the end of 2013. The goal is to reduce the injuries by 50% and the vision is to reduce the fatal injuries by 100%.
Surveillance of poison ingestion cases at Kimberley Complex Hospital, Northern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Paulsen R , Swart D , Van der Bergh E 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionInternationally, poisonings are a major public health challenge. While accurate figures for intentional poisonings are limited, it is estimated that 350 000 people died from unintentional poisonings globally in 2002 (WHO, 2004). The vast majority of these fatal injuries occurred in low- and middle-income countries. In 2006, the Paraffin Safety Association of Southern Africa developed an injury surveillance system monitoring household energy-related burns and ingestions in 14 healthcare institutions across South Africa.AimTo study the injury surveillance data collected at Kimberley Complex Hospital with regard to the ingestion of poisons.MethodsThe data were collected at Kimberley Complex Hospital between November 2007 and December 2009 by reviewing records in the hospitals social work department.ResultsOf the total 432 energy-related injuries recorded, 188 ingestion injuries were observed. The data revealed that older adolescents (23%) and young adults (44%) between 20 and 34 years were more affected by ingestions. Females (69%) were also disproportionately more affected than males. The most commonly ingested poison was medication (60%), paraffin/kerosene (29%) and detergent (5%). Interestingly, 45% of patients reported experiencing some form of emotional distress at the time of the incident. The vast majority of ingestion injuries recorded at this institution was self-inflicted (96%).ConclusionA high number of patients at Kimberley Complex Hospital are presenting with self-inflicted poison ingestions associated with emotional distress or relationship problems. There is an urgent need to understand the psychosocial determinants of self-inflicted poisoning so that effective interventions are developed.