bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell surface N‐glycans mediated isolation of mouse neural stem cells
Authors: Hamanoue Makoto , Matsuzaki Yumi , Sato Ken‐ichiro , Okano Hirotaka James , Shibata Shinsuke , Sato Isamu , Suzuki Sadafumi , Ogawara Miyuki , Takamatsu Ken , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe isolation of neural stem cells (NSCs) from the brain has been hampered by the lack of valid cell surface markers and the requirement for long‐term in vitro cultivation that may lead to phenotype deterioration. However, few suitable specific cell surface antigens are available on NSCs that could be used for their prospective isolation. The present study demonstrated that the expression of complex type asparagine‐linked oligosaccharide (N‐glycans) was detected on brain cells dissociated from embryonic and adult brain using Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinating lectin (E‐PHA) which binds to biantennary complex type N‐glycans, and demonstrated that E‐PHA bound preferentially to purified NSCs, but not to neurons, microglia, or oligodendrocyte precursor cells. The labeling of dissociated mouse embryonic brain cells or adult brain cells with E‐PHA enabled the enrichment of NSCs by 25‐fold or 9‐fold of the number of neurosphere‐forming cells in comparison to that of unsorted cells, respectively. Furthermore, a lectin blot analysis revealed the presence of several glycoproteins which were recognized by E‐PHA in the membrane fraction of the proliferating NSCs, but not in the differentiated cells. These results indicate that complex type N‐glycans is a valuable cell surface marker for living mouse NSCs from both the embryonic and adult brain.
Effects of transcription factors Phox2 on expression of norepinephrine transporter and dopamine β‐hydroxylase in SK‐N‐BE(2)C cells
Authors: Fan Yan , Huang Jingjing , Kieran Niamh , Zhu Meng‐Yang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPhox2a and Phox2b are two homeodomain proteins that control the differentiation of noradrenergic neurons during embryogenesis. In the present study, we examined the possible effect of Phox2a/2b on thein vitroexpression of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DBH), two important markers of the noradrenergic system. SK‐N‐BE(2)C cells were transfected with cDNAs or short hairpin RNAs specific to the humanPhox2aandPhox2bgenes. Transfection of 0.1 to 5 μg of cDNAs of Phox2a or Phox2b significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of NET and DBH in a concentration‐dependent manner. As a consequence of the enhanced expression of NET after transfection, there was a parallel increase in the uptake of [3H]norepinephrine. Co‐transfection of Phox2a and Phox2b did not further increase the expression of noradrenergic markers when compared with transfection of either Phox2a or Phox2b alone. Transfection of shRNAs specific toPhox2aorPhox2bgenes significantly reduced mRNA and protein levels of NET and DBH after shutdown of endogenousPhox2, which was accompanied by a decreased [3H]norepinephrine uptake. Furthermore, there was an additive effect after cotransfection with both shRNAs specific toPhox2aorPhox2bgenes on NET mRNA levels. Finally, the reduced DBH expression caused by the shRNA specific toPhox2acould be reversed by transfection with Phox2b cDNA and vice versa. The present findings verify the determinant role of Phox2a and Phox2b on the expression and function of NET and DBHin vitro. Further clarifying the regulatory role of these two transcription factors on key proteins of the noradrenergic system may open a new avenue for therapeutics of aging‐caused dysfunction of the noradrenergic system.
The effect of soil texture and organic amendment on the hydrological behaviour of coarse‐textured soils
Authors: Wesseling J. G. , Stoof C. R. , Ritsema C. J. , Oostindie K. , Dekker L. W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTo gain more insight into the hydrological behaviour of coarse‐textured soils, the physical properties of artificially created soil mixtures with different texture were determined. The mixtures were prepared according to the specifications of the United States Golf Association (USGA) for constructing putting greens. In addition, the effect of 10 vol.% organic matter addition was studied. The soil moisture retention and hydraulic conductivity relationships of the different mixtures were determined and their hydrological behaviour was studied using the numerical model SoWaM. Both texture and organic matter addition substantially affected the hydraulic properties. Hydraulic conductivity significantly increased with increasing coarseness while moisture retention decreased. On the other hand, organic matter addition reduced saturated hydraulic conductivity by a factor of 10 to 100 and distinctly increased moisture retention capacity. The amounts of total available water were increased by the addition of organic matter between 144% (slightly coarse texture) and 434% (very coarse texture). Results indicate that the mixtures can contain only 2–16% plant available water and therefore need frequent irrigation to maintain plant growth. Addition of organic matter seems a good solution to reduce the irrigation water requirements but it increases the risk of ponding or runoff because of large reductions in the saturated hydraulic conductivity sometimes to below the rate of 3.6 m/day recommended by the USGA.
Validation of data collected in the Danish Veterinary Cancer Registry
Authors: Brønden L. B. , Lindstrand S. , Nielsen S. S. , Toft N. , Kristensen A. T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe Danish Veterinary Cancer Registry (DVCR) was established in 2005 and prospectively collects information about neoplasms in Danish dogs and cats.The present study evaluated the agreement between veterinary practice records and electronic submissions made to the DVCR from May 2005 through June 2008. The variables compared were gender, breed, diagnosis, date of birth, death and diagnosis, localization and biological behaviour of the neoplasms.Agreement of 95% between DVCR and the original data were considered acceptable with regard to use of data in studies. Recorded proportions of agreement were: (1) breed: 97.4%; (2) diagnosis: 95.6%; (3) location: 95.6%; (4) biological behaviour: 93.0%; (5) gender: 92.5%; (6) date of death: 91.5%; (7) date of diagnosis: 80.1%; (8) date of birth: 76.7%.All variables except date of death, birth, and diagnosis met the required 95% agreement limit. Data on dates of birth, death and diagnosis were considered less suitable for further studies.
Gang Youth as a Vulnerable Population for Nursing Intervention
Authors: Sanders Bill , Schneiderman Janet U. , Loken Alisha , Lankenau Stephen E. , Bloom Jennifer Jackson 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT
Background: Gang youth often come from socially and economically marginalized communities. Such youth report significantly higher rates of participation in violence, substance use, and risky sexual behaviors than their nongang peers.Aims: This manuscript argues that gang‐identified youth constitute a vulnerable population.Materials and Methods: Data are drawn from the general research literature and a case example of how a nurse in Los Angeles partnered with law enforcement to provide preventive health care to gang youth and youth at‐risk for joining gangs.Conclusion: Gang youth are a vulnerable population amenable to nursing intervention. Gang youth may have particular health care needs and may need special access to health care.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Outcomes From a Comprehensive Magnetic Resonance Study of Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Astley Susan J. , Aylward Elizabeth H. , Olson Heather Carmichael , Kerns Kimberly , Brooks Allison , Coggins Truman E. , Davies Julian , Dorn Susan , Gendler Beth , Jirikowic Tracy , Kraegel Paul , Maravilla Kenneth , Richards Todd 
Published: July 2009

Background:  Magnetic resonance (MR) technology offers noninvasive methods for in vivo assessment of neuroabnormalities.Methods:  A comprehensive neuropsychological/psychiatric battery, coupled with MR imaging, (MRI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), and functional MRI (fMRI) assessments, were administered to children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) to determine if global and/or focal abnormalities could be identified, and distinguish diagnostic subclassifications across the spectrum. The 4 study groups included: (i) fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)/partial FAS (PFAS); (ii) static encephalopathy/alcohol exposed (SE/AE); (iii) neurobehavioral disorder/alcohol exposed (ND/AE) as diagnosed with the FASD 4‐Digit Code; and (iv) healthy peers with no prenatal alcohol exposure. Presented here are the MRI assessments that were used to compare the sizes of brain regions between the 4 groups. The neuropsychological/behavioral, MRS, and fMRI outcomes are reported separately.Results:  Progressing across the 4 study groups from Controls to ND/AE to SE/AE to FAS/PFAS, the mean absolute size of the total brain, frontal lobe, caudate, putamen, hippocampus, cerebellar vermis, and corpus callosum length decreased incrementally and significantly. The FAS/PFAS group (the only group with the 4‐Digit FAS facial phenotype) had disproportionately smaller frontal lobes relative to all other groups. The FAS/PFAS and SE/AE groups [the 2 groups with the most severe central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction] had disproportionately smaller caudate regions relative to the ND/AE and Control groups. The prevalence of subjects in the FAS/PFAS, SE/AE, and ND/AE groups that had 1 or more brain regions, 2 or more SDs below the mean size observed in the Control group was 78, 58, and 43%, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between size of brain regions and level of prenatal alcohol exposure, magnitude of FAS facial phenotype, and level of CNS dysfunction.Conclusions:  Magnetic resonance imaging provided further validation that ND/AE, SE/AE, and FAS/PFAS as defined by the FASD 4‐Digit Code are 3 clinically distinct and increasingly more affected diagnostic subclassifications under the umbrella of FASD. Neurostructural abnormalities are present across the spectrum. MRI could importantly augment diagnosis of conditions under the umbrella of FASD, once population‐based norms for structural development of the human brain are established.
Quality of medical care of patients with acne vulgaris in Germany – nationwide survey of pharmacy clients
Authors: Franzke Nadine , Zimmer Lisa , Schäfer Ines , Radermacher Christian , Kresken Joachim , Augustin Matthias 
Published: July 2009

Summary Background: No empirical “real world” data on the health care of patients with acne vulgaris in Germany currently exist. The objective of this study was to get an informative basis of health care of patients with acne vulgaris in Germany, taking into account both doctor‐prescribed medication and self‐medication. Patients and Methods: Surveying both medically and self‐treated patients, n = 504 patients with acne vulgaris were interviewed in 48 pharmacies nationwide. In addition to socio‐demographic data, the duration of illness, localization and therapy as well as patient‐relevant outcomes such as patient benefit, psychological strain and markers of compliance were evaluated. The participation and significance of individual treatment providers were also evaluated. Results: A large percentage of the patients found acne vulgaris to be burdensome. Despite the longstanding necessity of treatment and the chronic course of the illness, the treatment of acne vulgaris was deemed a rather satisfactory experience by most of those affected. Dermatologists were most frequently consulted for treatment. A great number of medicinal products were further acquired through self‐medication or after consulting with a pharmacist. The medically regulated therapies predominantly complied with the latest guidelines. Conclusions: Acne vulgaris is a burdensome, socio‐economically relevant illness, and dermatologists treat most cases in Germany. Surveying across a network of pharmacies offers a unique access to relevant treatment data. Selection effects, particularly by choice of doctors and self‐medication, were minimized.
Breastfeeding is an essential complement to vaccination
Authors: Dòrea Josè G 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim:  This article explores the role of breastfeeding in different aspects of vaccination in the first 6 months when infants are still developing: (1) pain management; (2) immunomodulation of infants’ vaccine responses; (3)metabolism of thimerosal.Methods:  Major databases were searched for studies that addressed outcomes of related issues.Results:  Studies reveal that breastfeeding can: (1) help mothers and infants to cope with the stressful situations that accompany parenteral vaccines; (2) improve response to vaccines in the still maturing immunologic and enterohepatic systems of infants; (3) influence physiologic parameters that can change metabolism of ethylmercury derived from some vaccines.Conclusion: Health promotion that supports vaccinations should also emphasize early initiation and maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding up until 6 months for maximum protection of the infants with a possible beneficial effect on the vaccine response. Paediatric professionals should inform mothers of the proven benefits of breastfeeding and its importance in complementing vaccination and lowering stress and the risk of untoward reactions on susceptible infants.
Phytogeomorphic Influence of Stone Covers and Boulders on Plant Distribution and Slope Processes in High‐Mountain Areas
Authors: Pérez Francisco L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study reviews several effects stones have on slope geomorphic processes and plant distribution at high elevations, with emphasis on low‐latitude mountains and volcanic environments and rosette plants. It begins by considering how vegetation becomes established on relatively stable footslopes and the principal influences that outcrops and isolated boulders have on slope movement and vegetation development, moves to a comparison of the principal geomorphic processes affecting stone‐covered slopes and the disturbance agents influencing fine‐sediment zones that are devoid of clasts. The significance of stones for plant survival in areas subjected to frost activity, the strategies displayed by plants growing in unstable talus zones and the impacts stones have on plant development and slope dynamics are also considered. The study concludes by examining the role stones play in providing safe sites for plant development and the expansion of ecological niches, and with some speculations on possible future research directions.
Culture of the Labor Movement and Work in the United States
Authors: Rudy P 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWith the resurgence of union organizing during the 1990s, a new scholarship about the labor movement has emerged, documenting and explaining this new social movement unionism. Literature on the culture of work is well developed while, generally speaking, in the scholarship about the labor movement, culture is an underdeveloped analysis. In this article, we look at the culture of market fundamentalism as the dominant way of thinking and explaining work and labor in the United States. Market fundamentalism has emerged at the same time that women and immigrants have become much more numerous among U.S. workers, and they have brought with them new cultural emphases at work and among unions. In response to market fundamentalism and with the activism of women and immigrants among others, unions have transformed their own culture toward social movement unionism and have pushed for a new culture of work.
Grub Street and Suicide: A View from the Literary Press in Late Eighteenth‐Century France
Authors: CARADONNA JEREMY L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article investigates the manner in which the French press of the late eighteenth century treated the suicides of Grub Street writers. The main argument is that the secularisation of suicide allowed for new attitudes toward self‐inflicted death. One finds that the underground press callously mocked the suicides of hack writers. Secondarily, the article challenges the notion that suicide became ‘medicalised’ in the eighteenth century, and that contemporaries viewed it solely as an act of insanity.
Sophia Lee and the Genre Sérieux
Authors: HYNES PETER 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article measures the influence of Denis Diderot's theory of the genre sérieux on English drama of the later eighteenth century, using Sophia Lee's The Chapter of Accidents as its principal test case. It concludes that, while Lee borrowed extensively for plot devices and character types, she did not adopt many of the innovations that in Diderot's view constituted the heart of his programme of reform. A number of reasons for this neglect are suggested, foremost among them the practical demands of English stage production in the 1780s.
Efficacy of Benazepril Hydrochloride to Delay the Progression of Occult Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers
Authors: O'Grady M.R. , O'Sullivan M.L. , Minors S.L. , Horne R. 
Published: July 2009

Background:Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are recommended in people to treat asymptomatic (occult) dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Efficacy of therapy in occult DCM in dogs is unknown.Hypothesis:ACEIs, specifically benazepril hydrochloride (BH), will delay the onset of overt DCM in Doberman Pinschers.Animals:Ninety‐one Doberman Pinschers were studied, 57 dogs received BH, and 34 dogs no ACEI.Methods:Retrospective study of the medical records of all Doberman Pinschers with occult DCM that received BH or no ACEI between April 1989 and February 2003. Two criteria of left ventricular enlargement were used for enrollment: one independent of body weight (BW) (C1) and the other indexed to BW (C2). Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to identify variables associated with the onset of overt DCM.Results:On univariate analysis the median time to onset of overt DCM was significantly longer for the benazepril group (for C1: 425 days for BH, 95% confidence interval [CI] 264–625 days; 339 days for no ACEI, CI 172–453 days,P= .02; for C2: 454 days for BH, CI 264–628 days; 356 days for no ACEI, CI 181–547 days,P= .02). The hazard ratio (HR) (benazepril/no ACEI) was 0.57, CI 0.35–0.94,P= .03 for C1; HR = 0.56, CI 0.34–0.93,P= .02 for C2. On multivariate analysis, BH significantly delayed onset of overt DCM (HR [benazepril/no ACEI] = 0.45, CI 0.26–0.78,P< .01, for C1; HR = 0.36, CI 0.21–0.63,P< .01, for C2).Conclusions:BH in particular and ACEIs in general might delay the progression of occult DCM. Prospective studies are warranted to test this theory.
Holmium:YAG Laser Lithotripsy for Urolithiasis in Horses
Authors: Grant D.C. , Westropp J.L. , Shiraki R. , Ruby A.L. 
Published: July 2009

Background:Laser lithotripsy has been used as an alternative to surgical removal of uroliths.Objective:To describe the procedure and efficacy of laser lithotripsy for removal of lower urinary tract uroliths in horses. Additionally, the ultrastructure and the differences in mineralogy and microstructure from 1 successful and 1 unsuccessful laser lithotripsy case are described.Animals:Six client‐owned horses with 7 episodes of naturally occurring urocystoliths, urethroliths, or both.Methods:Retrospective study of all horses treated between 2006 and 2008 by laser lithotripsy. All horses were sedated followed by laser lithotripsy. Quantitative urolith analysis was performed in all cases. Ultrastructure and microstructure analyses were performed on uroliths from 2 horses.Results:Procedural success was achieved in 5 of 7 laser lithotripsy procedures. No complications occurred as a result of laser lithotripsy. One horse developed uroabdomen likely as a result of manual lithotrite disruption of the bladder after failure of laser lithotripsy. There were differences in microstructure between 1 urolith that was successfully fragmented by laser lithotripsy and 1 urolith that was resistant to laser fragmentation.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Laser lithotripsy is an effective procedure for removal of some urocystoliths, urethroliths, or both in horses.
Convergence Comparison of Several Iteration Algorithms for the Common Fixed Point Problems
Authors: Song Yisheng , Liu Xiao 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe discuss the following viscosity approximations with the weak contraction "Equation missing" for a non-expansive mapping sequence "Equation missing", "Equation missing", "Equation missing". We prove that Browder's and Halpern's type convergence theorems imply Moudafi's viscosity approximations with the weak contraction, and give the estimate of convergence rate between Halpern's type iteration and Mouda's viscosity approximations with the weak contraction.
Convergence Theorems of Three-Step Iterative Scheme for a Finite Family of Uniformly Quasi-Lipschitzian Mappings in Convex Metric Spaces
Authors: You-xian Tian , Chun-de Yang 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe consider a new Noor-type iterative procedure with errors for approximating the common fixed point of a finite family of uniformly quasi-Lipschitzian mappings in convex metric spaces. Under appropriate conditions, some convergence theorems are proved for such iterative sequences involving a finite family of uniformly quasi-Lipschitzian mappings. The results presented in this paper extend, improve and unify some main results in previous work.
Increased Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Expression or Treatment with Manganese Porphyrin Potentiates Dexamethasone-Induced Apoptosis in Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Jaramillo Melba C. , Frye Jennifer B. , Crapo James D. , Briehl Margaret M. , Tome Margaret E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGlucocorticoid-induced apoptosis is exploited for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Innate and acquired resistance limits treatment efficacy; however, resistance mechanisms are not well understood. Previously, using WEHI7.2 murine thymic lymphoma cells, we found that increasing the resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by catalase transfection or selection for H2O2 resistance caused glucocorticoid resistance. This suggests the possibility that increasing H2O2 sensitivity could sensitize the cells to glucocorticoids. In other cell types, increasing manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) can increase intracellular H2O2. The current study showed that increased expression of MnSOD sensitized WEHI7.2 cells to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and H2O2. Treatment of WEHI7.2 cells with the catalytic antioxidant Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTE-2-PyP5+), a manganoporphyrin, mimicked the effects of increased MnSOD expression. MnTE-2-PyP5+ also sensitized WEHI7.2 cells to cyclophosphamide and inhibited cell growth; it had no effect on the WEHI7.2 cell response to doxorubicin or vincristine. In primary follicular lymphoma cells, MnTE-2-PyP5+ increased cell death due to dexamethasone. Treatment of H9c2 cardiomyocytes with MnTE-2-PyP5+ inhibited doxorubicin cytotoxicity. The profile of MnTE-2-PyP5+ effects suggests MnTE-2-PyP5+ has potential for use in hematologic malignancies that are treated with glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin. [Cancer Res 2009;69(13):5450–7]