bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational transmission and continuity of stress and depression: depressed women and their offspring in 20 years of follow-up
Authors: Hammen C. , Hazel N. A. , Brennan P. A. , Najman J. 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundChildren of depressed mothers not only have higher risk of depression, but also may experience both elevated and continuing exposure to stressful experiences. The study tested hypotheses of the intergenerational transmission of stress and depression and examined the role of early childhood adversity and maternal depression in the interplay between youth depression and stress over 20 years.MethodIn a longitudinal community study of 705 families selected for history or absence of maternal depression, mothers and youth were studied from pregnancy to age 5 years and at youth ages 15 and 20 years. Youth and maternal depression were assessed with diagnostic interviews, acute and chronic interview-based stress assessment in the youth and contemporaneous measures of childhood adversity obtained between pregnancy and youth age 5 years.ResultsRegression analyses indicated evidence of intergenerational transmission and continuity of depression over time, continuity of acute and chronic stress and reciprocal predictive associations between depression and stress. Maternal depression and exposure to adversities by child's age 5 years contributed to the youth's continuing experiences of depression and stress. An overall path model was consistent with stress continuity and intergenerational transmission and highlighted the mediating role of age 15 youth chronic interpersonal stress.ConclusionsYouth of depressed mothers are at risk not only for depression but also for continuing experiences of acute and chronic stress from childhood to age 20. The associations among depression and stress are bidirectional and portend continuing experiences of depression and further stress.
Fabrication and Evaluation of a MEMS Piezoelectric Bimorph Generator for Vibration Energy Harvesting
Authors: Lee B. S. , Lin S. C. , Wu W. J. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTWe present the development of a MEMS piezoelectric bimorph generator, a cantilever type bimorph which was formed by laminating two PZT piezoelectric layers. Our bimorph generator can scavenge mechanical energy from ambient vibrations and transform it into useful electrical energy. Two poling configurations of the PZT piezoelectric layers of our bimorph MEMS generator were fabricated and tested. A tip proof mass used for adjusting the resonance frequency was also demonstrated. Experimental results confirm that our device possessed a maximum open-circuit output voltage of 1.91VP-P and a 3.42VP-P for a parallel polarization device and a serial polarization device, respectively with a 2g externally applied vibration. At an optimal resistive load, the maximum output power was 1.548μ–W and 1.778μ–W for a parallel polarization device and a serial polarization device, respectively.
John Commons's organizational theory of institutions: a discussion
Authors: CHAVANCE BERNARD 
Published: September 2011

Abstract:The paper discusses John R. Commons's original theory of institutions, where the latter are defined as going concerns and their working rules, or collective action restraining and expanding individual action. Such organizational approach of institutions makes important contributions to institutional economics in general, through its notion of a hierarchy of collective action, its threefold typology of transactions, and its holindividualist stance. Commons's genuine advances are counterbalanced by theoretical limits, which illustrate the unfinished character of his attempt to make a contribution to a ‘rounded-out theory of Political economy’, e.g. the ambiguous place of markets in his theory, the state understood as a model for other going concerns and, distinctly, the restricted definition of institutions as organizations. In some important respects, his theory complements or goes further than other currents of institutional economics; its weak points are sometimes the reverse side of his very contributions.
Influence of Electrode Type and Location upon Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Measurements of Brook Trout
Authors: Hafs Andrew W. , Hartman Kyle J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn recent years, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has started to develop into a low‐cost tool that can provide accurate estimates of fish condition. Past researchers have had success predicting mass‐based proximate condition components, but attempts to predict percent‐based components have not been as successful, suggesting that methodological improvements are needed. The percent dry weight (%DW) of a fish is a desirable value because energy density and body composition estimates can be obtained from it using previously developed or easily developable equations. The primary objective of this study was to determine the locations at which electrodes should be placed to provide the best estimates of %DW for brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis ranging from 140 to 330 mm (total length). A second objective was to determine the effect that electrode type has on the ability to predict %DW. Models developed using two electrode locations performed better than those with only one location. One set of measurements should be made by placing the electrodes along the dorsal midline (DML) of the fish. A second set should be made by placing one electrode on the dorsal midline directly in front of the dorsal fin and another on the ventral midline directly below the first electrode (DTVpre). On average, models developed using these locations explained 13.2% more of the variation in%DW than models developed using the same locations as previous researchers. Validation of the BIA models demonstrated that both subdermal needle (root mean square error [RMSE] = 1.34, R2 = 0.82) and less‐invasive external rod electrodes (RMSE = 1.37, R2 = 0.79) provided accurate estimates of %DW using the DML and DTVpre locations. More research is needed to determine whether these patterns hold true for smaller fish and species with distinctly different morphologies, bone structures, or scale types.
A wide repertoire of miRNA binding sites: prediction and functional implications
Authors: Elefant Naama , Altuvia Yael , Margalit Hanah 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Over the past decade, deciphering the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) has relied heavily upon the identification of their targets. Most of the targets that were computationally and experimentally characterized were evolutionarily conserved ‘seed’ targets, containing a perfect 6–8 nt match between the miRNA 5′-region and the messenger RNA (mRNA). Gradually, it has become evident that other types of miRNA binding can confer target regulation, but their characterization has been lagging behind.
Results: Here, we complement the putative evolutionarily-conserved seed-containing targets by a wide repertoire of putative targets exhibiting a variety of miRNA binding patterns, predicted by our algorithm RepTar. These include non-conserved sites, ‘seed’ binding sites with G:U-wobbles within the seed, ‘3′ compensatory’ sites and ‘centered’ sites. Apart from the centered sites, we demonstrate the functionality of these sites and characterize the target profile of a miRNA by the types of binding sites predicted in its target 3′ UTRs. We find that different miRNAs have individual target profiles, with some more inclined to seed binding and others more inclined to binding through 3′ compensatory sites. This diversity in targeting patterns is also evident within several miRNA families (defined by common seed sequences), leading to divergence in the target sets of members of the same family. The prediction of non-conventional miRNA targets is also beneficial in the search for targets of the non-conserved viral miRNAs. Analyzing the cellular targets of viral miRNAs, we show that viral miRNAs use various binding patterns to exploit cellular miRNA binding sites and suggest roles for these targets in virus–host interactions.
Availability: All RepTar's predictions are available for simple and advanced querying at http://reptar.ekmd.huji.ac.il
Contact: hanahm@ekmd.huji.ac.il
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Lack of association of vitamin D receptor gene 3′‐haplotypes with psoriasis in Croatian patients
Authors: RUCEVIC Ivana , STEFANIC Mario , TOKIC Stana , VUKSIC Melita , GLAVAS‐OBROVAC Ljubica , BARISIC‐DRUSKO Vladimira 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCis‐acting regulatory variants in biologically relevant pathways and target tissues are a common source of phenotypic variations and individual disease susceptibility. In the skin, vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a master regulator of epidermal barrier function, inflammation, stem cell proliferation and microbial defense; therefore, we tested whether VDR 3′‐regulatory haplotypes, a portion of which affect VDR transcriptional efficiency, allelic symmetry and mRNA turnover, were associated with psoriasis vulgaris. For this purpose, three VDR tag polymorphisms that capture most of the variability of the VDR 3′‐regulatory element (rs1544410, rs7975232 and rs731236) were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method in 180 Caucasian patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and 366 ethnically matched, healthy controls of the Croatian origin. We found no evidence of association for any of the selected polymorphisms. Similarly, none of the 3′‐VDR restriction haplotypes were associated with the risk for development of psoriasis in Croatian patients. These results show that neither VDR 3′‐restriction polymorphisms nor common 3′‐regulatory haplotypes contribute to psoriasis risk in the Croatian population.
Single step modified ink staining for Tzanck test: Quick detection of herpetic giant cells in Tzanck smear
Authors: MIZUTANI Hitoshi , AKEDA Tomoko , YAMANAKA Kei‐ichi , ISODA Kenichi , GABAZZA Esteban C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTzanck test has been recently re‐evaluated as a method for the diagnosis of herpes virus infection. Giemsa staining for the Tzanck test is time‐consuming and laborious. There is a need to develop simple and quick staining methods for bedside diagnosis of this disease. We report a single step and quick method for staining herpes giant cells in Tzanck smears using routinely available inks and physiological saline. A keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) was cultured on a slide glass and stained with various commercially available blue, blue–black and black inks serially diluted with physiological saline. Clinical smear samples from herpes lesions were also stained with these solutions without specific pretreatment. The nuclei of HaCaT were clearly stained showing high contrast with the cytoplasm using 5% Parker–Quink blue–black ink saline solution. Concentration of ink solution higher or lower than 5% resulted in less contrast. Blue or black inks or other manufacturers’ inks can also be used, but staining of the cultured keratinocytes was less clear. Smear of clinical samples from herpes lesions were also stained with 5% ink solution. The nuclei of the multinucleated giant cells were clearly stained, and the sample could be immediately used for microscopic examination. One step staining of Tzanck smear using this diluted ink solution is an inexpensive and a convenient bedside diagnostic tool for the dermatologist.
Profile of vitiligo patients attending a training and research hospital in Central Anatolia: A retrospective study
Authors: GÖNÜL Müzeyyen , ÇAKMAK Seray K. , OĞUZ Deniz , GÜL Ülker , KILIÇ Selim 
Published: September 2011

AbstractClinical characteristics of vitiligo had been reported in different countries previously. This is the second report from Turkey and it is from a different region of Turkey, middle Anatolia, and a more detailed study. The age and sex of patients, onset age, duration, areas of involvement, course, clinical types and severity of the disease, family history of vitiligo, associated disorders, the values of vitamin B12, folic acid, ferritin, iron and hemoglobin, antithyroglobulin and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies and positivity of viral markers were obtained from the records of the patients retrospectively. The study involved 93 vitiligo patients with a mean age of 37.4 ± 17.05 years. The median age of onset disease was 33 years and onset age of disease was significantly lower in women. Of the patients, 24.8% had family history. The most frequent form of vitiligo was vitiligo vulgaris. Facial involvement was the most common localization. Trunk involvement was significantly higher in women but anogenital involvement was significantly higher in men. Of the patients, 40.3% had another autoimmune disease, 19.7% of the patients had low ferritin levels, 12% had low iron levels, 9.9% had anemia, 4.9% had low vitamin B12 levels, 3.8% had low folic acid levels and 4.3% had positivity of viral markers. The age of onset and the incidence of family history were higher and sites of involvement according to sex were different from the published work. The knowledge of clinical characteristics, course and associated conditions of vitiligo may improve the approach of dermatologists to vitiligo patients.
New strain typing method with Sporothrix schenckii using mitochondrial DNA and polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) technique
Authors: KAWASAKI Masako , ANZAWA Kazushi , MOCHIZUKI Takashi , ISHIZAKI Hiroshi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe complete sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from two strains of different genotypes, American Type Culture Collection 10268 of mtDNA type 1 and KMU2025 of mtDNA type 4, were determined. These are circular molecules, 27 125 and 26 095 bp in length, respectively. The greatest difference between the two strains was found in the region encompassed by atp9 and cox2 genes, which was amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and used for preliminary restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Eight isolates of five mtDNA types were used and RFLP patterns obtained with the restriction enzyme AseI showed that this method seems to have greater discrimination power than the other PCR–RFLP typing method using internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear DNA.
Transcriptome analysis of muscle in horses suffering from recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis revealed energetic pathway alterations and disruption in the cytosolic calcium regulation
Authors: Barrey E. , Jayr L. , Mucher E. , Gospodnetic S. , Joly F. , Benech P. , Alibert O. , Gidrol X. , Mata X. , Vaiman A. , Guérin G. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryRecurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER) is frequently observed in race horses like trotters. Some predisposing genetic factors have been described in epidemiological studies. However, the exact aetiology is still unknown. A calcium homeostasis disruption was suspected in previous experimental studies, and we suggested that a transcriptome analysis of RER muscles would be a possible way to investigate the pathway disorder. The purpose of this study was to compare the gene expression profile of RER vs. control muscles in the French Trotter to determine any metabolic or structural disruption. Total RNA was extracted from the gluteal medius and longissimus lumborum muscles after biopsies in 15 French Trotter horses, including 10 controls and 5 RER horses affected by ‘tying‐up’ with high plasmatic muscular enzyme activities. Gene expression analysis was performed on the muscle biopsies using a 25K oligonucleotide microarray, which consisted of 24 009 mouse and 384 horse probes. Transcriptome analysis revealed 191 genes significantly modulated in RER vs. control muscles (P < 0.05). Many genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (CD36/FAT,SLC25A17), the Krebs cycle (SLC25A11,SLC25A12,MDH2) and the mitochondrial respiratory chain were severely down‐regulated (tRNA,MT‐ND5, MT‐ND6, MT‐COX1). According to the down‐regulation ofRYR1,SLC8A1andUCP2and up‐regulation ofAPPandHSPA5, the muscle fibre calcium homeostasis seemed to be greatly affected by an increased cytosolic calcium and a depletion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium. Gene expression analysis suggested an alteration of ATP synthesis, with severe mitochondrial dysfunction that could explain the disruption of cytosolic calcium homeostasis and inhibition of muscular relaxation.
Carbamazepine differentially affects the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine enantiomers
Authors: Akamine Yumiko , Miura Masatomo , Yasui‐Furukori Norio , Kojima Midori , Uno Tsukasa 
Published: September 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• We have shown that P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) inhibitors such as itraconazole and verapamil significantly increase the plasma concentrations of fexofenadine enantiomers, and their effects are greater for (S)‐fexofenadine compared with the (R)‐enantiomer. These mechanisms are likely to be due to inhibition of intestinal P‐gp because the t1/2 and CLR were constant during the study, and suggest that intestinal P‐gp plays an important role in the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine enantiomers. To date, there is no information whether the P‐gp inducer carbamazepine affects the pharmacokinetics of either fexofenadine enantiomer.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• This study indicates that the stereoselectivity of fexofenadine pharmacokinetics may be influenced by carbamazepine primarily due to the induction of intestinal P‐gp, and this effect may be greater for (S)‐fexofenadine compared with (R)‐fexofenadine. However, since the inductive effect of carbamazepine did not eliminate the difference between the pharmacokinetics of the fexofenadine enantiomers, it is likely that other transporters, including OATP2B1 and MRP2, also contribute to the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine.AIM This aim of this study was to characterize the impact of the P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) inducer, carbamazepine, on fexofenadine enantiomer pharmacokinetics.METHODS Twelve healthy volunteers initially received a 60 mg dose of fexofenadine alone. Subsequently, a 100 mg dose of carbamazepine was administered three times daily (300 mg day−1), and on day 7, fexofenadine was co‐administered.RESULTS Carbamazepine significantly decreased the area under the plasma concentration–time curve and the amount excreted into the urine of (S)‐ and (R)‐fexofenadine. The P‐gp inducer showed a greater effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of (S)‐fexofenadine.CONCLUSION This study indicates that carbamazepine may alter the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine enantiomers.
African ancestry, early life exposures, and respiratory morbidity in early childhood
Authors: Kumar R. , Tsai H.‐J. , Hong X. , Gignoux C. , Pearson C. , Ortiz K. , Fu M. , Pongracic J. A. , Burchard E. G. , Bauchner H. , Wang X. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryBackgroundRacial disparities persist in early childhood wheezing and cannot be completely explained by known risk factors.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations of genetic ancestry and self‐identified race with early childhood recurrent wheezing, accounting for socio‐economic status (SES) and early life exposures.MethodsWe studied 1034 children in an urban, multi‐racial, prospective birth cohort. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of genetic ancestry as opposed to self‐identified race with recurrent wheezing (>3 episodes). Sequential models accounted for demographic, socio‐economic factors and early life risk factors. Genetic ancestry, estimated using 150 ancestry informative markers, was expressed in deciles.ResultsApproximately 6.1% of subjects (mean age 3.1 years) experienced recurrent wheezing. After accounting for SES and demographic factors, African ancestry (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02–1.31) was significantly associated with recurrent wheezing. By self‐reported race, hispanic subjects had a borderline decrease in risk of wheeze compared with African Americans (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.19–1.00), whereas white subjects (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.14–1.57) did not have. After further adjustment for known confounders and early life exposures, both African (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05–1.34) and European ancestry (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.94) retained a significant association with recurrent wheezing, as compared with self‐identified race (ORwhites: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.09–1.14; ORhispanic: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.20–1.08). There were no significant interactions between ancestry and early life factors on recurrent wheezing.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceIn contrast to self‐identified race, African ancestry remained a significant, independent predictor of early childhood wheezing after accounting for early life and other known risk factors associated with lung function changes and asthma. Genetic ancestry may be a powerful way to evaluate wheezing disparities and a proxy for differentially distributed genetic and early life risk factors associated with childhood recurrent wheezing.
Preconditioning donor with a combination of tacrolimus and rapamacyn to decrease ischaemia–reperfusion injury in a rat syngenic kidney transplantation model
Authors: Cicora F , Roberti J , Vasquez D , Guerrieri D , Lausada N , Cicora P , Palti G , Chuluyan E , Gonzalez P , Stringa P , Raimondi C 
Published: September 2011

Summary
Reperfusion injury remains one of the major problems in transplantation. Repair from ischaemic acute renal failure (ARF) involves stimulation of tubular epithelial cell proliferation. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the effects of preconditioning donor animals with rapamycin and tacrolimus to prevent ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Twelve hours before nephrectomy, the donor animals received immunosuppressive drugs. The animals were divided into four groups, as follows: group 1 control: no treatment; group 2: rapamycin (2 mg/kg); group 3 FK506 (0, 3 mg/kg); and group 4: FK506 (0, 3 mg/kg) plus rapamycin (2 mg/kg). The left kidney was removed and after 3 h of cold ischaemia, the graft was transplanted. Twenty-four hours after transplant, the kidney was recovered for histological analysis and cytokine expression. Preconditioning treatment with rapamycin or tacrolimus significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen and creatinine compared with control [blood urea nitrogen (BUN): P &lt; 0·001 versus control and creatinine: P &lt; 0·001 versus control]. A further decrease was observed when rapamycin was combined with tacrolimus. Acute tubular necrosis was decreased significantly in donors treated with immunosuppressants compared with the control group (P &lt; 0·001 versus control). Moreover, the number of apoptotic nuclei in the control group was higher compared with the treated groups (P &lt; 0·001 versus control). Surprisingly, only rapamycin preconditioning treatment increased anti-apoptotic Bcl2 levels (P &lt; 0·001). Finally, inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, showed lower levels in the graft of those animals that had been pretreated with rapamycin or tacrolimus. This exploratory study demonstrates that preconditioning donor animals with rapamycin or tacrolimus improves clinical outcomes and reduce necrosis and apoptosis in kidney I/R injury.