bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Anesthetic Agents to Delay Pain Onset After Periodontal Surgery
Authors: Steffens Joao Paulo , Pochapski Márcia Thaís , Santos Fábio André , Pilatti Gibson Luiz 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of 2 anesthetic agents on patients' postoperative pain perception after periodontal surgery. For this parallel-group, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial, 36 open flap debridement surgeries were performed on patients who presented with periodontal disease with clinical signs of inflammation after nonsurgical treatment on at least 1 quadrant. Patients were allocated to 1 of the following groups: group 1, 2% lidocaine with 1 ∶ 100,000 epinephrine; group 2, 2% mepivacaine with 1 ∶ 100,000 norepinephrine. Pain intensity was assessed using the visual analog scale during the first 8 hours after surgery. All patients received 750-mg acetaminophen tablets, which they were instructed to take as a rescue medication if necessary. The results demonstrated that postoperative pain intensity was statistically lower in group 2 than in group 1 at the 1-, 2-, and 3-hour periods after surgery, although the pain intensity for all groups could be considered mild. In conclusion, patients in both groups reported similar mild pain after periodontal surgery.
Bispectral Index Monitoring of Sedation Depth in Pediatric Dental Patients
Authors: Haberland Christel M. , Baker Suher , Liu Haibei 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The bispectral index (BIS) monitor records electroencephalogram waveforms and provides an objective measure of the hypnotic effect of a sedative drug on brain activity. The aim of this pilot study was to use the BIS monitor to evaluate the depth of procedural sedation in pediatric dental patients and to assess if the BIS monitor readings correlate with a validated pediatric sedation scale, the University of Michigan Sedation Scale (UMSS), in determining the level of sedation in these patients. Thirty-five pediatric dental patients requiring sedation were studied prospectively. A baseline BIS reading was obtained and during the procedure an independent observer recorded the BIS every 5 minutes. The operator, who was blinded to the BIS results, determined the UMSS scale at the same 5-minute interval. The patients were monitored postoperatively for 1 hour. There was a significant but moderate correlation between BIS values and UMSS scores (Spearman's rank correlation r  =  −0.574, P < .0001). Percentage of agreement and kappa coefficient using all the observations were also calculated. The percentage of agreement was 37.8%, the kappa coefficient was 0.18 (P < .0001), and the weighted kappa coefficient 0.26 (P < .0001). A lack of correlation was noted between the deeper levels of UMSS sedation scores and BIS values. This study demonstrated a significant correlation between BIS values and the UMSS score in pediatric dental patients undergoing mild to moderate sedation. Based on our results, it appears that the BIS monitor may be useful during mild or moderate sedations to establish the level of sedation objectively without the need to stimulate the patient.
Recognition and Management of Complications During Moderate and Deep Sedation Part 1: Respiratory Considerations
Authors: Becker Daniel E. , Haas Daniel A. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The risk for complications while providing any level of sedation or general anesthesia is greatest when caring for patients having significant medical compromise. It is reassuring that significant untoward events can generally be prevented by careful preoperative assessment, along with attentive intraoperative monitoring and support. Nevertheless, we must be prepared to manage untoward events should they arise. This continuing education article will review respiratory considerations and will be followed by a subsequent article addressing cardiovascular considerations.
Electrochemical oxidation of methylthiomethyleneisoquinolinium chloride — the first water soluble alkylthiomethylene substituted ammonium salt
Authors: Smarzewska Sylwia , Skrzypek Sławomira , Bachowska Barbara , Bałczewski Piotr , Ciesielski Witold 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation of methylthiomethyleneisoquinolinium chloride (MTMIQ), the first alkylthiomethyl substituted ammonium salt, which is fully miscible with water has been investigated by voltammetric (SWV) method using glassy carbon electrode. On the electrode, MTMIQ undergoes oxidation at the potential near Ep = 0.07V (vs. Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl). The influence of the pH of buffers, amplitude, frequency, step potential on the received signal was studied. The best results were obtained with a citrate buffer at a pH of 5. The oxidation peak current used for MTMIQ voltammetric determination was in the range of 2–8×10−5 mol L−1, LOD = 3.7×10−6, LOQ = 1.2×10−5. The product of the oxidation was accumulated at the working electrode and was investigated by spectroscopic method. Mechanistic pathways of the oxidation have been proposed.
On the Global Impact of Selected Social-Policy Publishers in More Than 100 Countries
Authors: Tausch Arno 
Published: June 2011

This article evaluates the international performance of twenty-one major international social-science book publishers according to nineteen quality criteria. The companies chosen publish almost 19 per cent of titles worldwide on such critical political economy issues as dependency theory and world systems theory, as well as 7 per cent of all titles on globalization, the world system, or the European Union, and all have been important outlets in the past, especially for writers outside North America. The author applies parametric and non-parametric social-science indicator construction in the tradition of Almas Heshmati to arrive at a performance ranking for the twenty-one companies based on the nineteen criteria.
La pratique de l’hypnose, de la visualisation ou de l’autohypnose par des personnes atteintes d'un cancer : une transformation de soi ?
Authors: Raineau Clémentine 
Published: June 2011

Les recours à certaines « médecines douces » comme l’hypnose et la relaxation permettent-ils une reconfiguration des soins du cancer dans les itinéraires thérapeutiques ? À partir d’un travail de terrain ethnographique réalisé en Auvergne avec des personnes atteintes par cette maladie et avec leurs thérapeutes, nous montrons que ces techniques de soins permettent aux patients d’acquérir des compétences pratiques (autohypnose, visualisation et relaxation pratiquées sans guide en solitaire) et d’être actifs dans la prise en charge de leur cancer, afin de faire face à certains effets de la maladie et des traitements. L’acquisition de ces techniques d’autonomisation permet la reconfiguration de l’itinéraire thérapeutique du malade en regard du Plan Personnalisé de Soin (PPS) qui lui est proposé dans une unité d’oncologie française.L’apprentissage de la visualisation, qui se réalise à travers la découverte lors des séances d’une “matrice de l’imagination” ancrée dans le corps et son exploration (à travers la génération et la manipulation d’images), œuvre de plus à un travail de métamorphose qui tend à transformer les modalités de l’“être-au-monde”.
Minkowski Tensor Shape Analysis of Cellular, Granular and Porous Structures
Authors: Schröder‐Turk G. E. , Mickel W. , Kapfer S. C. , Klatt M. A. , Schaller F. M. , Hoffmann M. J. F. , Kleppmann N. , Armstrong P. , Inayat A. , Hug D. , Reichelsdorfer M. , Peukert W. , Schwieger W. , Mecke K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPredicting physical properties of materials with spatially complex structures is one of the most challenging problems in material science. One key to a better understanding of such materials is the geometric characterization of their spatial structure. Minkowski tensors are tensorial shape indices that allow quantitative characterization of the anisotropy of complex materials and are particularly well suited for developing structure‐property relationships for tensor‐valued or orientation‐dependent physical properties. They are fundamental shape indices, in some sense being the simplest generalization of the concepts of volume, surface and integral curvatures to tensor‐valued quantities. Minkowski tensors are based on a solid mathematical foundation provided by integral and stochastic geometry, and are endowed with strong robustness and completeness theorems. The versatile definition of Minkowski tensors applies widely to different types of morphologies, including ordered and disordered structures. Fast linear‐time algorithms are available for their computation. This article provides a practical overview of the different uses of Minkowski tensors to extract quantitative physically‐relevant spatial structure information from experimental and simulated data, both in 2D and 3D. Applications are presented that quantify (a) alignment of co‐polymer films by an electric field imaged by surface force microscopy; (b) local cell anisotropy of spherical bead pack models for granular matter and of closed‐cell liquid foam models; (c) surface orientation in open‐cell solid foams studied by X‐ray tomography; and (d) defect densities and locations in molecular dynamics simulations of crystalline copper.
An Unusual (R)‐Selective Epoxide Hydrolase with High Activity for Facile Preparation of Enantiopure Glycidyl Ethers
Authors: Zhao Jing , Chu Yan‐Yan , Li Ai‐Tao , Ju Xin , Kong Xu‐Dong , Pan Jiang , Tang Yun , Xu Jian‐He 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA novel epoxide hydrolase (BMEH) with unusual (R)‐enantioselectivity and very high activity was cloned from Bacillus megaterium ECU1001. Highest enantioselectivities (E>200) were achieved in the bioresolution of ortho‐substituted phenyl glycidyl ethers and para‐nitrostyrene oxide. Worthy of note is that the substrate structure remarkably affected the enantioselectivities of the enzyme, as a reversed (S)‐enantiopreference was unexpectedly observed for the ortho‐nitrophenyl glycidyl ether. As a proof‐of‐concept, five enantiopure epoxides (>99% ee) were obtained in high yields, and a gram‐scale preparation of (S)‐ortho‐methylphenyl glycidyl ether was then successfully performed within a few hours, indicating that BMEH is an attractive biocatalyst for the efficient preparation of optically active epoxides.
An Effective Synthetic Entry to Fused Benzimidazoles via Iodocyclization
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhou Yu , Wang Hengshuai , Guo Diliang , Ye Deju , Xu Yungen , Jiang Hualiang , Liu Hong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA protocol for the synthesis of the fused heterocyclic polycyclic compounds pyrrole[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles, piperidine[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles and oxa‐fused benzimidazoles using iodine and silver nitrate by an exo‐dig or endo‐dig cyclization pathway at room temperature has been developed. Silver nitrate is a key additive for improving the yield, and the improvement is a result of this additive eliminating the influence of iodine ions (I−), which would otherwise lead to the formation of bis‐iodine by‐products. Cyclizations involving terminal and substituted alkynes were performed. Further functionalizations demonstrated that the iodo derivatives obtained are potential synthetic intermediates that can increase the molecular complexity.
A Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantiopure Spiro[4,4]nonane‐1,6‐dione
Authors: Han Zhaobin , Wang Zheng , Ding Kuiling 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA practical asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure spiro[4,4]nonane‐1,6‐dione, a valuable precursor for chiral ligand development, is reported. This synthetic strategy includes a kinetic resolution of the readily synthesized ketone precursor with a chiral quaternary carbon center by bioreduction with baker’s yeast as the key step, followed by a hydroformylation, oxidation, esterification and Dieckmann cyclization reaction sequence to generate the spiro five‐membered ring. It was found that the masking of the β‐ketone carbonyl group of enantiopure ethyl 1‐allyl‐2‐oxocyclopentanecarboxylate via formation of a ketal with 1,3‐diol derivative is necessary during the process of Dieckmann condensation in order to prevent its racemization under basic conditions. This method allows the gram‐scale preparation of both enantiomers of spiro[4,4]nonane‐1,6‐dione (1) with excellent enantiopurities (up to >99% ee) in the overall yields of 54% [(R)‐1] and 42% [(S)‐1], respectively. The practicality of the present synthetic procedure has provided a fundamental platform for the development of spiro[4,4]nonane‐1,6‐dione‐based chiral chemistry.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Addition of α‐Keto Acid Chlorides with Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Kashiwabara Taigo , Tanaka Masato 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe addition reaction of α‐keto acid chlorides with terminal alkynes proceeds in the presence of (acetylacetonato)dicarbonylrhodium used as catalyst to afford synthetically versatile (Z)‐γ‐chloro‐α‐oxo‐β,γ‐unsaturated ketones regio‐ and stereoselectively.
Chemoenzymatic One‐Pot Synthesis of γ‐Butyrolactones
Authors: Korpak Margarete , Pietruszka Jörg 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of enantio‐ and diastereomerically pure γ‐butyrolactones is described using a one‐pot, two‐enzyme cascade. Ethyl 2‐methyl‐4‐oxopent‐2‐enoate (2) was reduced selectively first in a 1,4‐reduction using the old yellow enzyme (OYE1) [EC 1.6.99.1] and consecutively in a 1,2‐reduction by an alcohol dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.2].
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Alkoxylation/Lactonization of γ‐Hydroxy‐α,β‐Acetylenic Esters
Authors: Ramón Rubén S. , Pottier Christophe , Gómez‐Suárez Adrián , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe formation of 4‐alkoxy‐2(5H)‐furanones was achieved via tandem alkoxylation/lactonization of γ‐hydroxy‐α,β‐acetylenic esters catalyzed by 2 mol% of [2,6‐bis(diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidine]gold bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imidate [Au(IPr)(NTf2)]. The economic and simple procedure was applied to a series of various secondary propargylic alcohols allowing for yields of desired product of up to 95%. In addition, tertiary propargylic alcohols bearing mostly cyclic substituents were converted into the corresponding spiro derivatives. Both primary and secondary alcohols reacted with propargylic alcohols at moderate temperatures (65–80 °C) in either neat reactions or using 1,2‐dichloroethane as a reaction medium allowing for yields of 23–95%. In contrast to [Au(IPr)(NTf2)], reactions with cationic complexes such as [2,6‐bis(diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidine](acetonitrile)gold tetrafluoroborate [Au(IPr)(CH3CN)][BF4] or (μ‐hydroxy)bis{[2,6‐bis(diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidine]gold} tetrafluoroborate or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imidate – [{Au(IPr)}2(μ‐OH)][X] (X=BF4, NTf2) – mostly stop after the alkoxylation. Analysis of the intermediate proved the exclusive formation of the E‐isomer which allows for the subsequent lactonization.
A Short Way to Switchable Carbenes
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Lothschütz Christian , Graf Katharina , Häffner Tobias , Schuster Andreas , Rominger Frank 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA new, one‐step route to N‐heterocyclic oxo‐carbene complexes (NHOCs), representatives of chemo‐switchable NHC complexes, is reported. This simple procedure provides an easy access to gold, palladium and platinum complexes of these ligands.
Optical Properties of Organic Semiconductor Blends with Near‐Infrared Quantum‐Dot Sensitizers for Light Harvesting Applications
Authors: Itskos Grigorios , Othonos Andreas , Rauch Tobias , Tedde Sandro F. , Hayden Oliver , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Heiss Wolfgang , Choulis Stelios A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe report an optical investigation of conjugated polymer (P3HT)/fullerene (PCBM) semiconductor blends sensitized by near‐infrared absorbing quantum dots (PbS QDs). A systematic series of samples that include pristine, binary and ternary blends of the materials are studied using steady‐state absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and ultrafast transient absorption. Measurements show an enhancement of the absorption strength in the near‐infrared upon QD incorporation. PL quenching of the polymer and the QD exciton emission is observed and predominantly attributed to intermaterial photoinduced charge transfer processes. Pump‐probe experiments show photo‐excitations to relax via an initial ultrafast decay while longer‐lived photoinduced absorption is attributed to charge transfer exciton formation and found to depend on the relative ratio of QDs to P3HT:PCBM content. PL experiments and transient absorption measurements indicate that interfacial charge transfer processes occur more efficiently at the fullerene/polymer and fullerene/nanocrystal interfaces compared to polymer/nanocrystal interfaces. Thus the inclusion of the fullerene seems to facilitate exciton dissociation in such blends. The study discusses important and rather unexplored aspects of exciton recombination and charge transfer processes in ternary blend composites of organic semiconductors and near‐infrared quantum dots for applications in solution‐processed photodetectors and solar cells.
Preparation of cellulosic ion exchange fiber using an ionic liquid as reaction reagent and medium
Authors: Chen Chunming , Yang Chi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA cellulosic ion exchange fiber (CIEF) was prepared by using room‐temperature ionic liquid 1‐(3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride as reaction reagent and medium. The results showed the degree of substitution of the CIEF was up to 0.78. The product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electronic microscope. The thermal stability of the CIEF was over 200°C. The adsorption experiments of CIEF for Cr(VI) were performed. The adsorption capacity of CIEF for Cr(VI) was found to be 196.1 mg g−1 at 30°C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Programming microbial population dynamics by engineered cell–cell communication
Authors: Song Hao , Payne Stephen , Tan Cheemeng , You Lingchong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA major aim of synthetic biology is to program novel cellular behavior using engineered gene circuits. Early endeavors focused on building simple circuits that fulfill simple functions, such as logic gates, bistable toggle switches, and oscillators. These gene circuits have primarily focused on single‐cell behaviors since they operate intracellularly. Thus, they are often susceptible to cell–cell variations due to stochastic gene expression. Cell–cell communication offers an efficient strategy to coordinate cellular behavior at the population level. To this end, we review recent advances in engineering cell–cell communication to achieve reliable population dynamics, spanning from communication within single species to multispecies, from one‐way sender–receiver communication to two‐way communication in synthetic microbial ecosystems. These engineered systems serve as well‐defined model systems to better understand design principles of their naturally occurring counterparts and to facilitate novel biotechnology applications.
Application of image analysis in the fungal fermentation of Trichoderma reesei RUT‐C30
Authors: Choy Viviane , Patel Nilesh , Thibault Jules 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTrichoderma reesei was grown in a stirred‐tank bioreactor (STB) and a reciprocating plate bioreactor (RPB) at four different agitation speeds. A semiautomatic image analysis protocol that was developed to characterize the mycelium morphology during the fermentation process based on four morphological types (unbranched, branched, entangled, and clumped microorganisms) was applied to study the effect of agitation on the morphology of T. reesei. It was shown via statistical validation that broth samples used for image analysis represented the whole population of the fungi in the bioreactor. High shear was found to be damaging to T. reesei grown in the STB. The gentler shear produced in the RPB was not detrimental to the microorganism even at higher agitation speed. Better productivity was obtained for T. reesei grown in the STB and the highest productivity, 0.121 IU/mL h, was obtained at 400 rpm. The morphological parameter, the hyphal growth unit, was found to be correlated to the productivity. Understanding the effect of agitation on the morphology and productivity of T. reesei could lead to the design of better bioreactors and the selection of operating conditions of bioreactors to optimize the production of cellulase. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011.
Particle morphology characterization and manipulation in biomass slurries and the effect on rheological properties and enzymatic conversion
Authors: Dibble Clare J. , Shatova Tatyana A. , Jorgenson Jennie L. , Stickel Jonathan J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn improved understanding of how particle size distribution relates to enzymatic hydrolysis performance and rheological properties could enable enhanced biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks. Particle size distribution can change as a result of either physical or chemical manipulation of a biomass sample. In this study, we employed image processing techniques to measure slurry particle size distribution and validated the results by showing that they are comparable to those from laser diffraction and sieving. Particle size and chemical changes of biomass slurries were manipulated independently and the resulting yield stress and enzymatic digestibility of slurries with different size distributions were measured. Interestingly, reducing particle size by mechanical means from about 1 mm to 100 μm did not reduce the yield stress of the slurries over a broad range of concentrations or increase the digestibility of the biomass over the range of size reduction studied here. This is in stark contrast to the increase in digestibility and decrease in yield stress when particle size is reduced by dilute‐acid pretreatment over similar size ranges. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
N‐Methylation of the Amide Bond by Methyltransferase Asm10 in Ansamitocin Biosynthesis
Authors: Wu Yingying , Kang Qianjin , Shang Guangdong , Spiteller Peter , Carroll Brian , Yu Tin‐Wein , Su Wenjin , Bai Linquan , Floss Heinz G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAnsamitocins are potent antitumor agents produced by Actinosynnema pretiosum. As deduced from their structures, an N‐methylation on the amide bond is required among the various modifications. The protein encoded by asm10 belongs to the SAM‐dependent methyltransferase family. Through gene inactivation and complementation, asm10 was proved to be responsible for the N‐methylation of ansamitocins. Asm10 is a 33.0 kDa monomer, as determined by gel filtration. By using N‐desmethyl‐ansamitocin P‐3 as substrate, the optimal temperature and pH for Asm10 catalysis were determined to be 32 °C and 10.0, respectively. Asm10 also showed broad substrate flexibility toward other N‐desmethyl‐ansamycins and synthetic indolin‐2‐ones. Through site‐directed mutagenesis, Asp154 and Leu155 of Asm10 were confirmed to be essential for its catalysis, possibly through the binding of SAM. The characterization of this unique N‐methyltransferase has enriched the toolbox for engineering N‐methylated derivatives from both natural and synthetic compounds; this will allow known potential drugs to be modified.
Technique of temporary subcutaneous “Figure‐of‐eight” sutures to achieve hemostasis after removal of large‐caliber femoral venous sheaths
Authors: Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Salinger Michael , Zhao David , Feldman Ted 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOver the last decade, significant advances have been made in percutaneous treatment of structural heart diseases. Many of these interventions require insertion of large caliber sheaths in the femoral veins. Manual compression, compression devices, and various closure devices have been used for removal of large‐sized venous sheaths. Here, we describe the use of a temporary subcutaneous “Figure‐of‐Eight” suture technique for venous access site closure after removal of large‐caliber sheaths. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.