bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the sequential organ failure assessment score with the King's College Hospital criteria and the model for end-stage liver disease score for the prognosis of acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure#
Authors: Cholongitas Evangelos , Theocharidou Eleni , Vasianopoulou Panayota , Betrosian Alex , Shaw Steve , Patch David , O'Beirne James , Agarwal Banwari , Burroughs Andrew K. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (ALF) is a complex multiorgan illness. An assessment of the prognosis is essential for the accurate identification of patients for whom survival without liver transplantation (LT) is unlikely. The aims of this study were the comparison of prognostic models [King's College Hospital (KCH), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II)] and the identification of independent prognostic indicators of outcome. We evaluated consecutive patients with severe acetaminophen-induced ALF who were admitted to the intensive care unit. At admission, demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were recorded. The discriminative ability of each prognostic score at the baseline was evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). In addition, using a multiple logistic regression, we assessed independent factors associated with outcome. In all, 125 consecutive patients with acetaminophen-induced ALF were evaluated: 67 patients (54%) survived with conservative medical management (group 1), and 58 patients (46%) either died without LT (28%) or underwent LT (18%; group 2). Group 1 patients had significantly lower median APACHE II (10 versus 14) and SOFA scores (9 versus 12) than group 2 patients (P < 0.001). The independent indicators associated with death or LT were a longer prothrombin time (P = 0.007), the inspiratory oxygen concentration (P = 0.005), and the lactate level at 12 hours (P < 0.001). The KCH criteria had the highest specificity (83%) but the lowest sensitivity (47%), and the SOFA score had the best discriminative ability (AUC = 0.79). In conclusion, for patients with acetaminophen-induced ALF, the SOFA score performed better than the other prognostic scores, and this reflected the presence of multiorgan dysfunction. A further evaluation of SOFA with the KCH criteria is warranted. Liver Transpl 18:405–412, 2012. © 2011 AASLD.
VUV‐Induced Photopolymerization of Acrylates
Authors: Scherzer Tom 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAcrylates and methacrylates are photopolymerized without photoinitiator by exposure to 172 nm radiation. The kinetics of the polymerization is studied using real‐time Fourier‐transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) spectroscopy. It is shown that layers with a thickness of ≈500 nm can be polymerized very rapidly. The effect of structure, viscosity, functionality, and absorption of the acrylates as well as the influence of temperature and oxygen concentration on the reactivity are studied. A strong conversion gradient is observed in layers up to ≈2 μm thickness, which reflects the intensity gradient within the layer. However, the penetration of the polymerization into the layer exceeds the initial penetration depth of the VUV radiation, which indicates strong bleaching of the acrylates during irradiation.
Role of epigenetic and miR‐22 and miR‐29b alterations in the downregulation of Mat1a and Mthfr genes in early preneoplastic livers in rats induced by 2‐acetylaminofluorene
Authors: Koturbash Igor , Melnyk Stepan , James S. Jill , Beland Frederick A. , Pogribny Igor P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCarcinogenesis is a multistep sequential process of clonal expansion of initiated cells associated with the accumulation of multiple cancer‐specific heritable phenotypes. The acquisition of these heritable cancer‐specific alterations may be triggered by mutational and/or non‐mutational changes in the genome that affect the regulation of gene expression. Currently, cancer‐specific epigenetically mediated changes in gene expression are regarded as driving events in tumorigenesis. In the present study, we investigated the role of gene‐specific expression changes in the mechanism of rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by the complete hepatocarcinogen 2‐acetylaminofluorene (2‐AAF). The results of the present study demonstrate significant alterations in gene expression, especially of Mat1a and Mthfr genes, during early stages of rat 2‐AAF‐induced liver carcinogenesis. Both of these genes were downregulated in the livers of 2‐AAF‐treated male rats. Inhibition of Mat1a expression was associated with an increase in histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation and a decrease in histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation at the gene promoter/first exon region. Additionally, we demonstrate for the first time a critical contribution of miR‐22 and miR‐29b microRNAs in the inhibition of Mat1a and Mthfr gene expression during 2‐AAF‐induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. The downregulation of Mat1a and Mthfr genes was accompanied by marked functional alterations in one‐carbon metabolism. The results of the present study suggest that downregulation of the Mat1a and Mthfr genes may be one of the main driver events that promote liver carcinogenesis by causing a profound accumulation of subsequent epigenetic abnormalities during progression of the carcinogenic process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging of human knee cartilage at 3 T and 7 T
Authors: Singh Anup , Haris Mohammad , Cai Kejia , Kassey Victor B. , Kogan Feliks , Reddy Damodar , Hariharan Hari , Reddy Ravinder 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe sensitivity of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) on glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in human knee cartilage (gagCEST) in vivo was evaluated at 3 and 7 T field strengths. Calculated gagCEST values without accounting for B0 inhomogeneity (∼0.6 ppm) were >20%. After B0 inhomogeneity correction, calculated gagCEST values were negligible at 3 T and ∼6% at 7 T. These results suggest that accurate B0 correction is a prerequisite for observing reliable gagCEST. Results obtained with varying saturation pulse durations and amplitudes as well as the consistency between numerical simulations and our experimental results indicate that the negligible gagCEST observed at 3 T is due to direct saturation effects and fast exchange rate. As GAG loss from cartilage is expected to result in a further reduction in gagCEST, gagCEST method is not expected to be clinically useful at 3 T. At high fields such as 7 T, this method holds promise as a viable clinical technique. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adiabatic turbo spin echo in human applications at 7 T
Authors: van Kalleveen Irene M. L. , Koning Wouter , Boer Vincent O. , Luijten Peter R. , Zwanenburg Jaco J. M. , Klomp Dennis W. J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNonuniform B1 fields in ultrahigh‐field MR imaging cause severe image artifacts, when conventional radiofrequency (RF) pulses are used. Particularly in MR sequences that encompass multiple RF pulses, e.g., turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences, complete signal loss may occur in certain areas. When using a surface coil for transmitting the RF pulses, these problems become even more challenging, as the spatial B1 field variance is substantial. As an alternative to conventional TSE sequences, adiabatic TSE sequences can be applied, which have the benefit that these sequences are insensitive to B1 nonuniformity. In this study, we investigate the potential of using adiabatic TSE at 7 T with surface coil transceivers in human applications. The adiabatic RF pulses were tuned to deal with the constraints in B1 strength and RF power deposition, but remained in the superadiabatic regime. As a consequence, the dynamic range in B1 is compromised, and signal modulation is obtained over the echo train. Multidimensional Bloch simulations over the echo train and phantom measurements were obtained to assess these limitations. Still, using proper k‐space sampling, we demonstrate improved image quality of the adiabatic TSE versus conventional TSE in the brain, the neck (carotid artery) and in the pelvis (prostate) at 7 T. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Breast cancer in a case of Shwachman Diamond syndrome
Authors: Singh Sharon A. , Vlachos Adrianna , Morgenstern Nora J. , Ouansafi Ihsane , Ip Wan , Rommens Johanna M. , Durie Peter , Shimamura Akiko , Lipton Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractShwachman Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) characterized by neutropenia, exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, and cancer predisposition. Patients are at risk for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) but, unlike other IBMFS, there have been no reported cases of solid tumors. We report a novel case of a solid tumor in a patient with SDS and biallelic mutations in the Shwachman Bodian Diamond Syndrome gene (SBDS). Whether the development of breast cancer in this patient is due to SDS or an isolated case due to unknown factors requires further study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 945–946. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards clinical applications of selected reaction monitoring for plasma protein biomarker studies
Authors: Krisp Christoph , Randall Sarah A. , McKay Matthew J. , Molloy Mark P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe widespread clinical adoption of protein biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic and/or predictive value remains a formidable challenge for the biomedical community. From discovery to validation, the path to biomarkers of clinical relevance abounds with many protein candidates, yet so few concrete examples have been substantiated. In this review, we focus on the recent adoption of selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of plasma proteins in the path to clinical use for a broad range of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, genetic disorders and various metabolic disorders. Recent progress reveals a promising outlook for clinical applications using SRM, which now provides the routine analysis of clinically relevant protein markers at low nanogram per millilitre in plasma.
Systems biology analysis of protein‐drug interactions
Authors: Colinge Jacques , Rix Uwe , Bennett Keiryn L. , Superti‐Furga Giulio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDrugs induce global perturbations at the molecular machinery level because their cognate targets are involved in multiple biological functions or because of off‐target effects. The analysis or the prediction of such systems level consequences of drug treatment therefore requires the application of systems biology concepts and methods. In this review, we first summarize the methods of chemical proteomics that can measure unbiased and proteome‐wide drug protein target spectra, which is an obvious necessity to perform a global analysis. We then focus on the introduction of computational methods and tools to relate such target spectra to global models such as pathways and networks of protein‐protein interactions, and to integrate them with existing protein functional annotations. In particular, we discuss how drug treatment can be mapped onto likely affected biological functions, how this can help identifying drug mechanisms of action, and how such mappings can be exploited to predict potential side effects and to suggest new indications for existing compounds.
The current Salmonella‐host interactome
Authors: Schleker Sylvia , Sun Jingchun , Raghavan Balachandran , Srnec Matthew , Müller Nicole , Koepfinger Mary , Murthy Leelavati , Zhao Zhongming , Klein‐Seetharaman Judith 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSalmonella bacteria cause millions of infections and thousands of deaths every year. This pathogen has an unusually broad host range including humans, animals, and even plants. During infection, Salmonella expresses a variety of virulence factors and effectors that are delivered into the host cell triggering cellular responses through protein‐protein interactions (PPI) with host cell proteins which make the pathogen's invasion and replication possible. To speed up proteomic efforts in elucidating Salmonella‐host interactomes, we carried out a survey of the currently published Salmonella‐host PPI. Such a list can serve as the gold standard for computational models aimed at predicting Salmonella‐host interactomes through integration of large‐scale biological data sources. Manual literature and database search of >2200 journal articles and >100 databases resulted in a gold standard list of currently 62 PPI, including primarily interactions of Salmonella proteins with human and mouse proteins. Only six of these interactions were directly retrievable from PPI databases and 16 were highlighted in databases featuring literature extracts. Thus, the literature survey resulted in the most complete interactome available to date for Salmonella. Pathway analysis using Ingenuity and Broad Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software revealed among general pathways such as MAPK signaling in particular those related to cell death as well as cell morphology, turnover, and interactions, in addition to response to not only Salmonella but also other pathogenic ‐ viral and bacterial ‐ infections. The list of interactions is available at http://www.shiprec.org/indicationslist.htm.
Deficiency of DNA repair nuclease ERCC1‐XPF promotes prostate cancer progression in a tissue recombination model
Authors: Matoka Derek J. , Yao Veronica , Harya Diana S. , Gregg Jennifer L. , Robinson Andria R. , Niedernhofer Laura J. , Parwani Anil V. , Maier Christoph , Bacich Dean J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe excision repair cross complementing (ERCC1) gene product plays a vital role in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and DNA interstrand crosslink repair pathways, which protect the genome from mutations and chromosomal aberrations, respectively. Genetic deletion of Ercc1 in the mouse causes dramatically accelerated aging. We examined the effect of Ercc1 deletion in the development of prostate cancer in a prostate recapitulation model as Ercc1 deficient mice die within four weeks of birth.METHODSProstate tissues from Ercc1−/− mice or wild‐type littermates were combined with embryonic rat urogenital mesenchyme and grown as renal grafts for a total of 8, 16, and 24 weeks before histological, expression and proliferative evaluation.RESULTSInvasive adenocarcinoma was observed in Ercc1−/− tissue recombinants but not wild‐type as early as 8 weeks post‐grafting. PIN‐like lesions in Ercc1−/− tissue recombinants had more cytologic and architectural atypia than wild‐type (P = 0.02, P = 0.0065, and P = 0.0003 at the 8, 16, and 24 weeks, respectively), as well as more proliferative cells (P = 0.022 and P = 0.033 at 8 and 16 weeks, respectively). With serial grafting, Ercc1−/− tissue recombinants progressed to a more severe histopathological phenotype more rapidly than wild‐type (P = 0.011).CONCLUSIONSResults show that ERCC1 and by implication the NER and/or interstrand crosslink repair mechanisms protect against prostate carcinogenesis and mutations or polymorphisms affecting these DNA repair pathways may predispose prostate epithelial cells to transformation. Prostate 72:1214–1222, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetic resonance of a highly symmetric metamaterial at microwave frequency
Authors: Park J. W. , Jin X. R. , Tuong P. V. , Rhee J. Y. , Kim K. W. , Kim D. , Lee Y. P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe studied the highly symmetric magnetic components of a metamaterial with negative permeability in the microwave‐frequency region. Their characteristics are investigated by using numerical simulation and experiment, and a reasonable agreement between the measurements and the numerical simulations was achieved. The simple and highly symmetric structure of the metamaterial not only significantly relaxes the designing condition for the realization of the negative‐index property but also opens up a great possibility for application.
Virtual flow‐net for accountability and forensics of computer and network systems
Authors: Takahashi Daisuke , Xiao Yang , Meng Ke 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTInformation/secret leaking cannot always be recorded in digital log files. In other words, in log files, not all information/events are recorded, and it is thus impossible to trace the paths of secret leaking on the basis of log files alone. In this paper, to resolve the difficulty of the lack of information, we utilize user–relationship graphs, or social networks, to compensate for the required information. We also utilize a probabilistic analysis to build virtual links to follow information flows. User–relationship graphs are constructed from several flow‐net data structures over a longer period so that we can avoid missing embedded threats such as hostile codes. We call this approach virtual flow‐net. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Konstruktion und Berechnung von explosionshemmenden Seilnetzfassaden
Authors: Wellershoff Frank , Gebbeken Norbert , Teich Martien , Nehring Gordon 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDie Bedrohung durch Bombenanschläge ist heute sehr real, und wir hören häufiger von den tragischen Konsequenzen dieser Anschläge. Um die Öffentlichkeit zu schützen, werden derzeit neue Fassadensysteme und Bemessungsmethoden entwickelt, die mit einem vertretbaren finanziellen Aufwand die Schutzfunktion gefährdeter Gebäude wesentlich verbessern. Die Entwicklungsphilosophie umfasst vor allem Fragen der Stand‐ und Reststandsicherheit (Schutz von Leben und Vermeiden von Verletzungen) und Aspekte der Gebrauchstauglichkeit. Aber auch die Minimierung des finanziellen Schadens wird berücksichtigt.Bei Fassaden mit Spannweiten über 15 m sind Seilnetzsysteme die transparenteste Lösung (maximaler Glasanteil bezogen auf die Fassadenfläche). Seilnetzfassaden werden daher häufig im Eingangsbereich von Bahnhöfen, Flughäfen, Banken oder Hotels gebaut. Für diese Gebäude wird häufig ein erhöhtes Schutzniveau gefordert. Hieraus resultiert der Bedarf an neuen Konstruktionselementen und Bemessungsmethoden für explosionshemmende Seilnetzfassaden. Drei neuentwickelte Konstruktionselemente werden im Folgenden im Detail dargestellt. Die Verbindung zwischen der unmittelbaren Glaslagerung (z. B. Eckklemme) und dem Seil kann mit einem Crashkörper versehen werden, wodurch die Spitzenspannung in der Glasscheibe wesentlich reduziert werden kann. Sollte die Scheibe dennoch brechen, kann durch einen besonderen Glashalter die Resttragfähigkeit der Verglasung verbessert werden. Neu entwickelte Seilendverankerungen verringern die Belastungen auf die Seile und das Gebäude.Die neuen Bemessungsmethoden ermöglichen eine schnelle numerische Analyse von Seilnetzfassaden unter definierten Druckwellen und ermöglichen so eine schnelle und effiziente Dimensionierung der neu entwickelten Seilendverankerungen.Design and calculation of cable net facades under impulsive blast loads. Nowadays the threat of terrorist bomb attacks on buildings is very real, and we frequently hear about tragic consequences of such attacks. To protect the public against such horrible acts, the engineering community has embarked on developing technologies and concepts that can economically provide life safety measures to vulnerable structures. The design philosophy is primarily to save lives and prevent injuries, and secondarily to protect buildings, functions, and assets. The design criteria take a balanced approach to safety, considering cost effectiveness and acknowledging acceptance to some risks.For cable net facades with point supported glazing new design methods and solutions are developed. These methods include new tools for the numerical evaluation of facades under impulsive blast loads. New design solutions include appropriate connections to the supporting structure (cable end support) which are able to dissipate a significant part of the blast wave energy and positively influence the structural post‐failure behaviour.
Gelatinisation properties of native and annealed potato starches
Authors: Alvani Kamran , Qi Xin , Tester Richard F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe relationship between the gelatinisation parameters of native and annealed starches extracted from ten different potato varieties grown at the same site at the same time was studied. The objective was to identify how native gelatinisation temperatures and enthalpies impacted on annealed starch gelatinisation parameters. Prior to ANN, the initial onset (To), peak (Tp) and conclusion (Tc) gelatinisation temperatures ranged from 58.71 to 62.45, 62.52 to 66.05 and 68.67 to 72.27°C, respectively, which increased to 66.15 to 69.12, 70.22 to 72.30 and 76.21 to 77.44°C, respectively, post ANN. Overall, the greater the initial gelatinisation temperatures the smaller the increment (ΔGT) post ANN. Comparable enthalpy values pre‐ and post‐ANN were 15.13 to 18.37 and 15.76 to 18.37 J/g, respectively. These data indicate that the more ‘perfect’ the crystallites were before ANN the less they could be enhanced by the ANN process and that against a constant background of α‐glucan structure, the pattern (rate) of starch deposition might be the primary differentiator of starch architecture across the varieties.
Cyclodextrin and methacrylic acid octyl phenols poly(ethylene oxide) ester‐induced synergistic effect in a novel poly(AM‐co‐A‐β‐CD‐co‐AE) polymer
Authors: Zou Changjun , Tang Quanwu , Tan Naidi , Xiao Pufu , Hu Xuze 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOwing to superior properties such as temperature resistance and salt tolerance etc., modified polyacrylamide (PAM) as one of the main injected polymers has been widely investigated to enhance oil production in reservoirs. Herein, a novel poly(AM‐co‐A‐β‐CD‐co‐AE) polymer was synthesized by utilizing β‐CD and AE to copolymerize with AM and characterized by FT‐IR and SEM. Furthermore, the temperature resistance and salt tolerance of poly(AM‐co‐A‐β‐CD‐co‐AE) polymer were explored. The results showed that the presence of the poly(AM‐co‐A‐β‐CD‐co‐AE) polymer better achieved temperature resistance and salt tolerance properties than is the case with PAM, which has potential application for enhancing oil recovery in the high‐temperature and high‐mineralization oilfield. On the other hand, the inhibition performance of poly(AM‐co‐A‐β‐CD‐co‐AE) polymer as a corrosion inhibitor was evaluated by SEM and electrochemical techniques. SEM observations of the carbon steel surface confirmed the protective role of the corrosion inhibitor. The results of potentiodynamic polarization and EIS measurements on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel samples in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solutions revealed that the highest inhibition efficiency of it over 90% was obtained, indicating poly(AM‐co‐A‐β‐CD‐co‐AE) polymer acts as a more efficient corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel.
Mechanical characterizations of topology‐insensitive rivet bonding using the sidewall bond principle
Authors: Kang S. , Lee E. , Kim H. C. , Chun K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOur goal was to develop a topology‐insensitive rivet bonding method using the sidewall bond principle for MEMS devices and evaluate its mechanical characteristics. The proposed bonding method is comprised of two fundamental structures with a sidewall bond between them. The first is a male wafer having a relatively thick solder as a donor, and the second is a female wafer as an acceptor with a structure similar to a through‐via. The two wafers are bonded laterally by the reflow phenomena of the solder and the excess volume of the donor with the acceptor then generating a rivet. In this study, these structural features were investigated. The rivet bonding led to an enhancement in the bonding strength due to the plastic hardening behavior of the rivet, serving as a cushion for the stress. This was parametrically studied and experimentally verified. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.