bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunable mid-infrared photodetector based on graphene plasmons controlled by ferroelectric polarization for micro-spectrometer
Authors: Wang Shicai , Guo Junxiong , Lin Lin , He Yuhao , Tang Jun , Wang Yi , Cai Ji , Yu Mengya , Lin Yuan , Gong Tianxun , Zhang Jinxing , Huang Wen , Zhang Xiaosheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Surface plasmonic detectors have the potential to be key components of miniaturized chip-scale spectrometers. Graphene plasmons, which are highly confined and gate-tunable, are suitable for in situ light detection. However, the tuning of graphene plasmonic photodetectors typically relies on the complex and high operating voltage based on traditional dielectric gating technique, which hinders the goal of miniaturized and low-power consumption spectrometers. In this work, we report a tunable mid-infrared (MIR) photodetector by integrating of patterned graphene with non-volatile ferroelectric polarization. The polarized ferroelectric thin film provides an ultra-high surface electric field, allowing the Fermi energy of the graphene to be manipulated to the desired level, thereby exciting the surface plasmon polaritons effect, which is highly dependent on the free carrier density of the material. By exciting intrinsic graphene plasmons, the light transmittance of graphene is greatly enhanced, which improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device. Additionally, the electric field on the surface of graphene enhanced by the graphene plasmons accelerates the carrier transfer efficiency. Therefore, the responsivity of the device is greatly improved. Our simulations show that the detectors have a tunable resonant spectral response of 9–14 μm by reconstructing the ferroelectric domain and exhibit a high responsivity to 5.67 × 105 A W−1 at room temperature. Furthermore, we also demonstrate the conceptual design of photodetector could be used for MIR micro-spectrometer application.
PVDF-HFP encapsulated WS2 nanosheets in droplet-based triboelectric nanogenerators for possible detection of human Na+/K+ ion concentration
Authors: Baraily Madhav , Baro Bikash , Boruah Ratan , Bayan Sayan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Here we report the liquid–solid interaction in droplet-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) for estimation of human Na+/K+ levels. The exploitation of PVDF-HFP encapsulated WS2 as active layer in the droplet-based TENG (DTENG) leads to the generation of electrical signal during the impact of water droplet. Comparison over the control devices indicates that surface quality and dielectric nature of the PVDF-HFP/WS2 composite largely dictates the performance of the DTENG. The demonstration of excellent sensitivity of the DTENG towards water quality indicates its promising application towards water testing. In addition, the alteration in output signal with slightest variation in ionic concentration (Na+ or K+) in water has been witnessed and is interpreted with charge transfer and ion transfer processes during liquid–solid interaction. The study reveals that the ion mobility largely affects the ion adsorption process on the active layer of PVDF-HFP/WS2 and thus generates distinct output profiles for diverse ions like Na+ and K+. Following that, the DTENG characteristics have been exploited to artificial urine where the varying output signals have been recorded for variation in urinary Na+ ion concentration. Therefore, the deployment of PVDF-HFP/WS2 in DTENG holds promising application towards the analyse of ionic characteristics of body fluids.
Optimizing graphene content in scaffolds for evenly distributed crumpled MoS2 paper wads as anodes for high-performance Li-ion batteries
Authors: Shabir Abgeena , Khan Firoz , Hor Abbas Ali , Hashmi S A , Julien C M , Islam S S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have revolutionized portable electronics, yet their conventional graphite anodes face capacity limitations. Integrating graphene and 3D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) offers a promising solution. Ensuring a uniform distribution of 3D MoS2 nanostructures within a graphene matrix is crucial for optimizing battery performance and preventing issues like agglomeration and capacity degradation. This study focuses on synthesizing a uniformly distributed paper wad structure by optimizing a composite of reduced graphene oxide RGO@MoS2 through structural and morphological analyses. Three composites with varying graphene content were synthesized, revealing that the optimized sample containing 30 mg RGO demonstrates beneficial synergy between MoS2 and RGO. The interconnected RGO network enhances reactivity and conductivity, addressing MoS2 aggregation. Experimental results exhibit an initially superior capacity of 911 mAh g−1, retained at 851 mAh g−1 even after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 current density, showcasing improved rate efficiency and long-term stability. This research underscores the pivotal role of graphene content in customizing RGO@MoS2 composites for enhanced LIB performance.
Apoptotic bodies encapsulating Ti2N nanosheets for synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy
Authors: Yang Kuo , Ren Daolu , Wang Zuyao , Dong Qianqian , Xu Mulong , Wang Tingyu , Wang Zhuyuan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential in oncology drug delivery because of their unique biological origin. Apoptotic bodies (ABs), as a member of the EV family, offer distinct advantages in terms of size, availability and membrane properties, but have been neglected for a long time. Here, using ABs and Ti2N nanosheets, we propose a novel drug delivery system (Ti2N-DOX@ABs), which exhibit a homologous targeting ability for dual-strategy tumor therapy with intrinsic biological property. The experimental results demonstrate that such a drug delivery system possesses a drug loading capacity of 496.5% and a near-infrared photothermal conversion efficiency of 38.4%. In addition, the investigation of drug internalization process proved that Ti2N-DOX@ABs featured a supreme biocompatibility. Finally, the dual-strategy response based on photothermal and chemotherapeutic effects was studied under near-infrared laser radiation. This work explores the opportunity of apoptosome membranes in nanomedicine systems, which provides a technical reference for cancer-oriented precision medicine research.
Enhanced figure of merit in two-dimensional ZrNiSn nanosheets for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Monika S , Suganya G , Gokulsaswath V , Kalpana G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A novel two-dimensional (2D) half-Heusler ZrNiSn nanosheet for thermoelectric applications was designed from bulk half-Heusler ZrNiSn through first-principles calculation. Investigation of bulk half-Heusler and 2D nanosheet ZrNiSn was performed with the Quantum Espresso code based on a density functional theory plane wave basis set. Electronic band structure and density of states calculations were used to study the confinement effects. On moving from bulk to 2D a change of structure is observed from face-centered cubic to trigonal due to confinement effects. The semiconducting nature of bulk ZrNiSn is undisturbed while moving to a 2D nanosheet; however, the band gap is widened from 0.46 to 1.3 eV due to the restricted motion of electrons in one direction. Compared with bulk ZrNiSn, 2D nanosheets were found to have a higher Seebeck coefficient a lower thermal conductivity and higher figure of merit, which makes 2D ZrNiSn nanosheets suitable for thermoelectric applications. Atomically thin 2D structures with a flat surface have the potential to form van der Waals heterojunctions, paving the way for device fabrication at the nanoscale level.
Investigation of intra-fractionated range guided adaptive proton therapy: I. On-line PET imaging and range measurement
Authors: Yang Dongxu , Zhu Xiaorong R , Chen Mingli , Ma Lin , Cheng Xinyi , Grosshans David R , Lu Weiguo , Shao Yiping 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. Develop a prototype on-line positron emission tomography (PET) scanner and evaluate its capability of on-line imaging and intra-fractionated proton-induced radioactivity range measurement. Approach. Each detector consists of 32 × 32 array of 2 × 2 × 30 mm3 Lutetium–Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate scintillators with single-scintillator-end readout through a 20 × 20 array of 3 × 3 mm2 Silicon Photomultipliers. The PET can be configurated with a full-ring of 20 detectors for conventional PET imaging or a partial-ring of 18 detectors for on-line imaging and range measurement. All detector-level readout and processing electronics are attached to the backside of the system gantry and their output signals are transferred to a field-programable-gate-array based system electronics and data acquisition that can be placed 2 m away from the gantry. The PET imaging performance and radioactivity range measurement capability were evaluated by both the offline study that placed a radioactive source with known intensity and distribution within a phantom and the online study that irradiated a phantom with proton beams under different radiation and imaging conditions. Main results. The PET has 32 cm diameter and 6.5 cm axial length field-of-view (FOV), ∼2.3–5.0 mm spatial resolution within FOV, 3% sensitivity at the FOV center, 18%–30% energy resolution, and ∼9 ns coincidence time resolution. The offline study shows the PET can determine the shift of distal falloff edge position of a known radioactivity distribution with the accuracy of 0.3 ± 0.3 mm even without attenuation and scatter corrections, and online study shows the PET can measure the shift of proton-induced positron radioactive range with the accuracy of 0.6 ± 0.3 mm from the data acquired with a short-acquisition (60 s) and low-dose (5 MU) proton radiation to a human head phantom. Significance. This study demonstrated the capability of intra-fractionated PET imaging and radioactivity range measurement and will enable the investigation on the feasibility of intra-fractionated, range-shift compensated adaptive proton therapy.
Investigation of dosimetric effect of beam current fluctuations in synchrotron-based proton PBS continuous scanning
Authors: Liu Chunbo , Furutani Keith M , Shen Jiajian , Wan Chan Tseung Hok , Tan Hong Qi , Li Heng , Whitaker Thomas J , Beltran Chris J , Liang Xiaoying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. In proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) continuous delivery, the beam is continuously delivered without interruptions between spots. For synchrotron-based systems, the extracted beam current exhibits a spill structure, and recent publications on beam current measurements have demonstrated significant fluctuations around the nominal values. These fluctuations potentially lead to dose deviations from those calculated assuming a stable beam current. This study investigated the dosimetric implications of such beam current fluctuations during proton PBS continuous scanning. Approach. Using representative clinical proton PBS plans, we performed simulations to mimic a worst-case clinical delivery environment with beam current varies from 50% to 250% of the nominal values. The simulations used the beam delivery parameters optimized for the best beam delivery efficiency of the upcoming particle therapy system at Mayo Clinic Florida. We reconstructed the simulated delivered dose distributions and evaluated the dosimetric impact of beam current fluctuations. Main results. Despite significant beam current fluctuations resulting in deviations at each spot level, the overall dose distributions were nearly identical to those assuming a stable beam current. The 1 mm/1% Gamma passing rate was 100% for all plans. Less than 0.2% root mean square error was observed in the planning target volume dose-volume histogram. Minimal differences were observed in all dosimetric evaluation metrics. Significance. Our findings demonstrate that with our beam delivery system and clinical planning practice, while significant beam current fluctuations may result in large local move monitor unit deviations at each spot level, the overall impact on the dose distribution is minimal.
Effect of magnetic field configuration on double layer formation and reverse discharge ignition in bipolar HiPIMS
Authors: Farahani M , Kozák T , Pajdarová A D , Čapek J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The reverse discharge (RD) phenomenon in bipolar HiPIMS has been observed when a sufficiently long positive pulse is applied to the magnetron. Due to the magnetic field, electrons accumulated behind the magnetic trap are prevented from reaching the positive target. Consequently, a space charge double layer (DL) is formed between the positive target and the plasma behind the magnetic trap, leading to electron acceleration across the DL and RD ignition. This study reveals the significant impact of the magnetic field configuration on RD ignition. Experiments are performed using a Ti target involving magnetic field variation, wire probe measurements of floating potential, and optical emission spectroscopy imaging. It is found that adjusting the magnetic field to a more balanced configuration leads to earlier RD ignition, while a more unbalanced one delays or even prevents it. Specifically, the time of RD ignition decreases with an increase in the magnetic null point distance from the target. Moreover, the size and shape of optical emission in the RD varies with nearby probe placement, suggesting sensitivity to external electrodes.
A novel 3D Z-shape design of compression-twist coupling metamaterial
Authors: Chen Xuan , Liu Chenxiao , Zheng Wenqing , He Tengwu , Feng Miaolin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Compression-twist coupling (CTC) metamaterials are the type of mechanical metamaterials which can convert the axial deformation into circumferential deformation. In order to design CTC metamaterials, connecting two lattice layers with chiral oblique rods is an effective method, and the unit cell is a cube with 2D Z-shape structure on the lateral side. In this study, a new 3D spatial Z-shape CTC structure is firstly proposed by rotating the upper layer with different angles in the traditional 3D Z-shape structure. Then, the torsion angles are analyzed with changes of unit cell geometries by theoretical method, finite element simulation and experiments. Finally, by extending the new 3D Z-shape structures, the typical pyramid frustum and oblique-rod-enhanced structures are designed and their mechanical behaviors are studied.
Topological charge pumping in tetramerized Kitaev chains with nodal loop in parameter space
Authors: Ma E S , Song Z 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We investigated the topological pumping charge of a tetramerized Kitaev chain with spatially modulated chemical potential, which hosts nodal loops in parameter space and violates particle number conservation. In the simplest case, with alternatively assigned hopping and pairing terms, we show that the model can be mapped into the Rice–Mele model by a partial particle-hole transformation and subsequently supports topological charge pumping as a demonstration of the Chern number for the ground state. Beyond this special case, analytic analysis shows that the nodal loops are conic curves. Numerical simulation of a finite-size chain indicates that the pumping charge is zero for a quasiadiabatic loop within the nodal loop and is ±1 for a quasiadiabatic passage enclosing the nodal loop. Our findings unveil the topology of Kitaev chains in parameter space.
Modelling neutron damage effects on tritium transport in tungsten
Authors: Dark James , Delaporte-Mathurin Rémi , Schwarz-Selinger Thomas , Hodille Etienne A. , Mougenot Jonathan , Charles Yann , Grisolia Christian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A damage-induced hydrogen trap creation model is proposed, and parameters for tungsten are identified using experimental data. The methodology for obtaining these parameters using thermo-desorption analysis spectra data is outlined. Self-damaged and optionally annealed tungsten samples have undergone TDS analysis, which has been analysed to identify the properties of extrinsic traps induced by the damage and to determine how they evolve with damage and annealing temperature. A parametric study investigated the impact of the damage rate and temperature on tritium inventories in tungsten. Tritium transport simulations have been performed with FESTIM considering a 1D model of a 2 mm sample of tungsten with damage rates and temperatures varying from 0–

10

2

dpa/fpy and 600–1300 K, respectively. The results show that after 24 h simultaneous exposure to neutron damage at

10

2

dpa/FPY and tritium implantation at 700 K, tritium inventories can increase by up to four orders of magnitude when damaged at a rate of

10

2

dpa/FPY compared to undamaged, defect-free tungsten, increasing further to five orders of magnitude after one full power year. The time taken to reach retention saturation shows the need for kinetic models of trapping properties on time scales relevant to reactor operation. The trap-creation model parameterisation procedure can be used to investigate neutron damage effects on other fusion-relevant materials such as EUROFER, Inconel and more.
Surface dynamics and electrochemical examination of Co3O4 films by iron doping
Authors: Yakar Emin , Sarf Fatma , Bayirli Mehmet , Ilgaz Aykut 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study focused on Co3O4 films, which were prepared by cost-effective chemical bath deposition on In:SnO2 (ITO) substrates with iron doping concentrations ranging from 2 to 6 mol %. Structural properties were investigated by XRD as well as nanotexture of Fe: Co3O4 films was captured via SEM and detailed fractal analysis was analyzed in each prepared film. Effective using of prepared Fe: Co3O4 electrodes for electrochemical charge storage applications has been examined by using CV and EIS. From x-ray patterns, spinel cubic structure of Co3O4 was observed in all samples, while peaks with Co2O3 and substrate indexed peaks were also shown. Pure and iron doped Co3O4 surfaces have spherical agglomerative forms while porous structures were observed in 4% Co3O4 samples. Redox peaks induced by Faradaic reactions in the CV plots present pseudo- capacitive nature for all electrodes and improves charge transfer process in 4% Co3O4 and 6% Co3O4 from EIS measurements. Additionally, using scaling theory, the coverage ratio, fractal dimensions, cluster sizes and interface critical exponent values of the superficial hetero morphology of the samples are calculated. While the coating rate decreases according to the iron concentration, fractal dimensions increase. However, as the number of clusters increases, the average cluster size decreases. The interface critical exponent value shows an irregular change.
Narrow band-pass filtered canonical correlation analysis for frequency identification in SSVEP signals
Authors: Janardhan Reddy T , Ramasubba Reddy M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) are generated in the parieto-occipital regions, accompanied by background noise and artifacts. A strong pre-processing method is required to reduce this background noise and artifacts. This study proposed a narrow band-pass filtered canonical correlation analysis (NBPFCCA) to recognize frequency components in SSVEP signals. The proposed method is tested on the publicly available 40 stimulus frequencies dataset recorded from 35 subjects and 4 class in-house dataset acquired from 10 subjects. The performance of the proposed NBPFCCA method is compared with the standard canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and the filter bank CCA (FBCCA). The mean frequency detection accuracy of the standard CCA is 86.21% for the benchmark dataset, and it is improved to 95.58% in the proposed method. Results indicate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the standard canonical correlation analysis with an increase of 9.37% and 17% in frequency recognition accuracy of the benchmark and in-house datasets, respectively.
Simultaneously Selective Separation of Zearalenone and Four Aflatoxins From Rice Samples Using Co-Pseudo-Template Imprinted Polymers With MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 as Core
Authors: Song Lixin , Zhang Jian , Wang Mingyu , Huang Zhipeng , Zhang Yunxia , Zhang Xing , Liang Yutao , He Juan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A novel approach for the simultaneous separation of zearalenone (ZEN) and four types of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) from rice samples was presented. This approach utilized modified MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 as core, with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) serving as the shell. The MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 was prepared via ring-opening reaction, while the imprinted polymers were synthesized using warfarin and 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate as co-pseudo template, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker and azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The resulting co-pseudo-template-MIPs (CPT-MIPs) were thoroughly characterized and evaluated. Adsorption studies demonstrate that the adsorption process of CPT-MIPs follows a chemical monolayer adsorption mechanism, with imprinted factors ranging from 1.24 to 1.52 and selective factors ranging from 1.29 to 1.52. Self-made columns were prepared, and the method for separation was developed and validated. The limit of detections ranged from 0.12 to 2.09 μg/kg, and the limit of qualifications ranged from 1.2 to 6.25 μg/kg. To assess the reliability of the method, ZEN and AFs were spiked at three different levels, and the recoveries ranged from 79.53 to 94.58%, with relative standard deviations of 2.90–5.78%.
Orthodontic and orthopedic management of dentofacial deformity from juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic literature review
Authors: Rotolo Rossana Patricia , Aiyar Akila , Perillo Letizia , Pedersen Thomas Klit , Stoustrup Peter 
Published: June 2024

Summary

Background
An update on the knowledge regarding the orthopedic/orthodontic role in treating JIA-related dentofacial deformities is relevant.

Objectives
This systematic review aimed to assess the level of evidence regarding the management of dentofacial deformity from juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with orthodontics and/or dentofacial orthopedics.

Search methods
The following databases were searched without time or language restrictions up to 31 January 2024 (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature).

Selection criteria
Inclusion criteria were studies dealing with JIA subjects receiving treatment with orthodontic and/or dentofacial orthopedic functional appliances.

Data collection and analysis
After the removal of duplicate studies, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment according to ROBINS-I guidelines were conducted. Data extraction was conducted by two independent authors.

Results
The electronic database search identified 397 eligible articles after the removal of duplicates. Following the application of the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were left for inclusion. Two trials were associated with a severe risk of bias, four trials were at moderate risk of bias, and the other five presented a low risk of bias. Various research groups employed and documented the effects of different types of appliances and methodologies. The study heterogeneity did not allow for meta-analyses. In addition, a lack of uniformity in treatment objectives was observed across the included studies. After treatment with dentofacial orthopedics skeletal improvement was demonstrated in 10 studies, and a decrease in orofacial signs and symptoms was reported in 7 studies.

Conclusions
Across the available literature, there is minor evidence to suggest that dentofacial orthopedics may be beneficial in the management of dentofacial deformities from JIA. There is little evidence to suggest that it can reduce orofacial signs and symptoms in patients with JIA. Based on current evidence, it is not possible to outline clinical recommendations for specific aspects of orthopedic management in growing subjects with JIA-related dentofacial deformity.

Registration
PROSPERO (CRD42023390746).