bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grand âge : Le temps de la re-création
Authors: Dadoun Roger 
Published: September 2011

Pour mettre en lumière divers aspects du grand âge, objet courant d’ignorance ou de méconnaissance (le tristement célèbre processus prétendument sénile du « retomber en enfance »), il vaut la peine d’insister sur les capacités créatrices ou re-créatrices de l’enfance comme de la vieillesse. L’espérance de vie qui augmente (à travers de flagrantes inégalités) annonce une ère de centenaires de plus en plus nombreux, en voie de se constituer en fait anthropologique majeur, susceptible d’imprimer un tournant original et imprévisible au mouvement d’une civilisation dont le « malaise » (Freud) confine souvent à la « débâcle » (Péguy).
Ground‐penetrating radar resolution in cultural heritage applications
Authors: Pérez‐Gracia Vega , González‐Drigo Ramón , Sala Roger 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTHigh‐resolution methods are required in the non‐destructive study of historical buildings, archaeological sites and cultural heritage structures in general. Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) is widely used in such studies. However, radar images of archaeological sites and cultural heritage architecture tend to be unclear and are difficult to interpret. Knowledge of the antenna’s behaviour and the optimum expected resolution could help to interpret radar data and define a limit of the real resolution in field surveys. Laboratory tests could provide information about the optimum resolution for each specific antenna. The main goal of this study was to obtain experimental data under lab conditions and thus define the optimum resolution expected in radar surveys. This could then be considered as a limit in field surveys. All of the lab tests were performed using homogeneous media (water and sand) to avoid interference and clutter. As a result, simple images were obtained. The optimum resolution was defined from radar data acquired under these favourable, controlled conditions. In all cases, resolution was defined as the distance (considered as a function of wavelength) between two targets (in the vertical or horizontal axis) that were needed to obtain separate anomalies. All the optimum values were considered to define the limits of the survey resolution in the different cases presented in this paper. In each case, the optimum values were compared with the result and with the radar images to define the best approach to the expected resolution in architectural heritage surveys. To conclude, we define some experimental values of the optimum resolution, described in terms of wavelength. These experimental data are likely to provide a better approach than theoretical estimations.
The shrine of Edward the Confessor: a study in multi‐frequency GPR investigation
Authors: Utsi Erica 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA series of systematic ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) investigations is being carried out at Westminster Abbey. Following an earlier investigation into the 13th century Cosmati mosaic in the Sanctuary, GPR surveys were commissioned in order to locate the site of a large royal tomb. Antennas of 400 MHz and 4 GHz frequency were used in the area of the High Altar steps and on the floor of the current Shrine Chapel. The investigation uncovered evidence of the target tomb, a number of other graves, some previously unknown and at least one buried object. The paper briefly discusses the frequencies selected, their respective contributions and illustrates how these have resulted in a better understanding of the archaeological and historical evidence.
Cutting Edge: Virus Selectively Primes Human Langerhans Cells for CD70 Expression Promoting CD8+ T Cell Responses
Authors: van der Aar Angelic M. G. , de Groot Rosa , Sanchez-Hernandez Marta , Taanman Esther W. M. , van Lier René A. W. , Teunissen Marcel B. M. , de Jong Esther C. , Kapsenberg Martien L. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The two outermost compartments of skin are populated by different Ag-presenting dendritic cell types. Epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) are evolutionarily adapted to the continuous presence of harmless skin commensals by the selective lack of cell surface TLRs that sense bacteria. In this article, we analyze the ability of LCs and dermal dendritic cells (DDCs) to respond to virus infection. Live virus and intracellular TLR3-agonist dsRNA commit LCs more effectively than DDCs to stimulate naive CD8+ T cell expansion and their differentiation into effector cells. This potent CD8+ T cell-promoting capacity of LCs is causally related to high levels of virus-induced CD70 expression but not to IL-12 production. These data suggest a remarkable specialization of LCs in the induction of pathogen class-specific adaptive immunity. Whereas LCs ignore bacteria, they are superior to DDCs to initiate effective CD70-mediated CD8+ T cells in response to virus stimulation.
Depletion of Autoreactive Plasma Cells and Treatment of Lupus Nephritis in Mice Using CEP-33779, a Novel, Orally Active, Selective Inhibitor of JAK2
Authors: Lu Lily D. , Stump Kristine L. , Wallace Nate H. , Dobrzanski Pawel , Serdikoff Cynthia , Gingrich Diane E. , Dugan Benjamin J. , Angeles Thelma S. , Albom Mark S. , Mason Jennifer L. , Ator Mark A. , Dorsey Bruce D. , Ruggeri Bruce A. , Seavey Matthew M. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that autoreactive plasma cells play an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In addition, several proinflammatory cytokines promote autoreactive B cell maturation and autoantibody production. Hence, therapeutic targeting of such cytokine pathways using a selective JAK2 inhibitor, CEP-33779 (JAK2 enzyme IC50 = 1.3 nM; JAK3 enzyme IC50/JAK2 enzyme IC50 = 65-fold), was tested in two mouse models of SLE. Age-matched, MRL/lpr or BWF1 mice with established SLE or lupus nephritis, respectively, were treated orally with CEP-33779 at 30 mg/kg (MRL/lpr), 55 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg (MRL/lpr and BWF1). Studies included reference standard, dexamethasone (1.5 mg/kg; MRL/lpr), and cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg; MRL/lpr and BWF1). Treatment with CEP-33779 extended survival and reduced splenomegaly/lymphomegaly. Several serum cytokines were significantly decreased upon treatment including IL-12, IL-17A, IFN-α, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Anti-nuclear Abs and frequencies of autoantigen-specific, Ab-secreting cells declined upon CEP-33779 treatment. Increased serum complement levels were associated with reduced renal JAK2 activity, histopathology, and spleen CD138+ plasma cells. The selective JAK2 inhibitor CEP-33779 was able to mitigate several immune parameters associated with SLE advancement, including the protection and treatment of mice with lupus nephritis. These data support the possibility of using potent, orally active, small-molecule inhibitors of JAK2 to treat the debilitative disease SLE.
CD134 Plus CD137 Dual Costimulation Induces Eomesodermin in CD4 T Cells To Program Cytotoxic Th1 Differentiation
Authors: Qui Harry Z. , Hagymasi Adam T. , Bandyopadhyay Suman , St. Rose Marie-Clare , Ramanarasimhaiah Raghunath , Ménoret Antoine , Mittler Robert S. , Gordon Scott M. , Reiner Steven L. , Vella Anthony T. , Adler Adam J. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Cytotoxic CD4 Th1 cells are emerging as a therapeutically useful T cell lineage that can effectively target tumors, but until now the pathways that govern their differentiation have been poorly understood. We demonstrate that CD134 (OX40) costimulation programs naive self- and virus-reactive CD4 T cells to undergo in vivo differentiation into cytotoxic Th1 effectors. CD137 (4-1BB) costimulation maximized clonal expansion, and IL-2 was necessary for cytotoxic Th1 differentiation. Importantly, the T-box transcription factor Eomesodermin was critical for inducing the cytotoxic marker granzyme B. CD134 plus CD137 dual costimulation also imprinted a cytotoxic phenotype on bystanding CD4 T cells. Thus, to our knowledge, the current study identifies for the first time a specific costimulatory pathway and an intracellular mechanism relying on Eomesodermin that induces both Ag-specific and bystander cytotoxic CD4 Th1 cells. This mechanism might be therapeutically useful because CD134 plus CD137 dual costimulation induced CD4 T cell-dependent tumoricidal function in a mouse melanoma model.
MicroRNA-155 Is Essential for the T Cell-Mediated Control of Helicobacter pylori Infection and for the Induction of Chronic Gastritis and Colitis
Authors: Oertli Mathias , Engler Daniela B. , Kohler Esther , Koch Manuel , Meyer Thomas F. , Müller Anne 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
MicroRNAs govern immune responses to infectious agents, allergens, and autoantigens and function by posttranscriptional repression of their target genes. In this paper, we have addressed the role of microRNA-155 (miR-155) in the control of Helicobacter pylori infection of the gastrointestinal tract and the development of H. pylori-induced chronic gastritis and associated gastric preneoplastic pathology. We show that miR-155 is upregulated in the gastric mucosa of experimentally infected mice and that miR-155−/− mice fail to control H. pylori infection as a result of impaired pathogen-specific Th1 and Th17 responses. miR-155−/− mice are also less well protected against challenge infection after H. pylori-specific vaccination than their wild-type (wt) counterparts. As a consequence of their impaired T cell responses to H. pylori, miR-155−/− mice develop less severe infection-induced immunopathology manifesting as chronic atrophic gastritis, epithelial hyperplasia, and intestinal metaplasia. T cells from miR-155−/− mice that are activated by CD3/CD28 cross-linking expand less and produce less IFN-γ and IL-17 than wt T cells. Finally, we show in this paper using adoptive transfers that the phenotypes of miR-155−/− mice are likely due to T cell-intrinsic defects. In contrast to wt T cells, miR-155−/− T cells from infected donors do not control H. pylori infections in T cell-deficient recipients, do not differentiate into Th1 or Th17 cells, and do not cause immunopathology. In addition, naive miR-155−/− T cells fail to induce chronic Th17-driven colitis in an adoptive transfer model. In conclusion, miR-155 expression is required for the Th17/Th1 differentiation that underlies immunity to H. pylori infection on the one hand and infection-associated immunopathology on the other.
Effects of the Change in Cutoff Values for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Status by Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization: A Study Comparing Conventional Brightfield Microscopy, Image Analysis-Assisted Microscopy, and Interobserver Variation
Authors: Atkinson Roscoe , Mollerup Jens , Lænkholm Anne-Vibeke , Verardo Mark , Hawes Debra , Commins Deborah , Engvad Birte , Correa Adrian , Ehlers Charlotte Cort , Nielsen Kirsten Vang 
Published: September 2011

Context.—New guidelines for HER2 testing have been introduced.
Objectives.—To evaluate the difference in HER2 assessment after introduction of new cutoff levels for both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and to compare interobserver agreement and time to score between image analysis and conventional microscopy.
Design.—Samples from 150 patients with breast cancer were scored by 7 pathologists using conventional microscopy, with a cutoff of both 10% and 30% IHC-stained cells, and using automated microscopy with image analysis. The IHC results were compared individually and to HER2 status as determined by FISH, using both the approved cutoff of 2.0 and the recently introduced cutoff of 2.2.
Results.—High concordance was found in IHC scoring among the 7 pathologists. The 30% cutoff led to slightly fewer positive IHC observations. Introduction of a FISH equivocal zone affected 4% of the FISH scores. If cutoff for FISH is kept at 2.0, no difference in patient selection is found between the 10% and the 30% IHC cutoff. Among the 150 breast cancer samples, the new 30% IHC and 2.2 FISH cutoff levels resulted in one case without a firm diagnosis because both IHC and FISH were equivocal. Automated microscopy and image analysis-assisted IHC led to significantly better interobserver agreement among the 7 pathologists, with an increase in mean scoring time of only about 30 seconds per slide.
Conclusions.—The change in cutoff levels led to a higher concordance between IHC and FISH, but fewer samples were classified as HER2 positive.
Effect of Heterogeneous Distribution of Monosomy 3 on Prognosis in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Bronkhorst Inge HG , Maat Willem , Jordanova Ekaterina S , Kroes Wilma GM , Schalij-Delfos Nicoline E , Luyten Gregorius PM , Jager Martine J 
Published: September 2011

Context.—Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses on tumor sections and on isolated nuclei showed that even low numbers of cells with monosomy of chromosome 3 adversely affected survival.Objective.—To determine what percentage of uveal melanoma cells with monosomy of chromosome 3 influences patient mortality.Design.—To determine the presence of monosomy 3, karyotyping and FISH on cultured cells and FISH on isolated nuclei were performed on 50 primary uveal melanomas. Clinical and pathologic prognostic factors were assessed and compared with 5-year survival data. Analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards test, log-rank analysis, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios.Results.—Combined karyotyping and FISH on cultured cells showed monosomy 3 in 19 of 50 cases (38%), whereas determination of the monosomy 3 status by FISH on isolated nuclei with a threshold of 5% assigned 31 of 50 cases (62%) to the monosomy-3 category. When monosomy 3 on isolated nuclei with a cutoff value of 5% was used, a significant difference in 5-year survival was present (hazard ratio, 15.5; P  =  .007), indicating that monosomy 3 in greater than 5% of tumor cells is related to death due to metastases.Conclusion.—In uveal melanoma, the presence of greater than 5% of cells with monosomy 3, as determined by FISH on isolated nuclei, is associated with the development of metastases within 5 years after enucleation.
Detection of Nucleophosmin 1 Mutations by Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Versus Capillary Electrophoresis: A Comparative Study
Authors: Barakat Fareed H , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Yin C. Cameron , Barkoh Bedia A , Hai Seema , Jamil Waqar , Bhakta Yaminiben I , Chen Su , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Zuo Zhuang 
Published: September 2011

Context.—Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) is the most commonly mutated gene in acute myeloid leukemia. Detection of NPM1 mutations is useful for stratifying patients for therapy, predicting prognosis, and assessing for minimal residual disease. Several methods have been developed to rapidly detect NPM1 mutations in genomic DNA and/or messenger RNA specimens.
Objective.—To directly compare a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay with a widely used capillary electrophoresis assay for detecting NPM1 mutations.
Design.—We adopted and modified a qPCR assay designed to detect the 6 most common NPM1 mutations and performed the assay in parallel with capillary electrophoresis assay in 207 bone marrow aspirate or peripheral blood samples from patients with a range of hematolymphoid neoplasms.
Results.—The qPCR assay demonstrated a higher analytical sensitivity than the capillary electrophoresis 1/1000 versus 1/40, respectively. The capillary electrophoresis assay generated 10 equivocal results that needed to be repeated, whereas the qPCR assay generated only 1 equivocal result. After test conditions were optimized, the qPCR and capillary electrophoresis methods produced 100% concordant results, 85 positive and 122 negative.
Conclusions.—Given the higher analytical sensitivity and specificity of the qPCR assay, that assay is less likely to generate equivocal results than the capillary electrophoresis assay. Moreover, the qPCR assay is quantitative, faster, cheaper, less prone to contamination, and well suited for monitoring minimal residual disease.
Embryonal Central Nervous System Neoplasms Arising in Infants and Young Children: A Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium Study
Authors: McLendon Roger E , Adekunle Adesina , Rajaram Veena , Koçak Mehmet , Blaney Susan M 
Published: September 2011

Context.—Medulloblastomas (MBs) and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) arising in infants and children can be difficult to distinguish; however, histologic characterization is prognostically important.Objective.—To determine histologic and phenotypic markers associated with utility with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in children younger than 3 years with MBs and AT/RTs.Design.—We undertook a histologic and immunophenotypic study of MBs and AT/RTs arising in infants and children younger than 3 years treated in a Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium study. The 41 girls and 55 boys ranged in age from 2 to 36 months at enrollment. These infants and children exhibited 51 MBs, 26 AT/RTs, and 24 other tumors (not further studied). Median follow-up of the patients was 17.2 months from diagnosis (range: 1.4–93 months).Results.—Infants and children with AT/RT exhibited a statistically significant shorter PFS and OS when compared to infants and children with MBs (both P &lt; .001). A lack of nuclear BAF47 immunohistochemical reactivity proved reliable in identifying AT/RTs. Among MBs, our data suggest an association of nodularity and prolonged PFS and OS, which must be independently confirmed. Anaplasia correlated with OTX2 reactivity and both OTX2 and moderate to severe anaplasia correlated with PFS but not with OS.Conclusion.—Distinguishing AT/RT from MBs is clinically important. For expert neuropathologists, the diagnoses of AT/RT and MB can be reliably made from hematoxylin-eosin stains in the vast majority of cases. However certain rare small cell variants of AT/RT can be confused with MB. We also found that immunohistochemical reactivity for BAF47 is clinically useful in distinguishing MBs from AT/RTs and for identifying certain small cell AT/RTs. Among MBs, nodularity may be an important prognostic factor for improved PFS and OS in infants and children.
Angiocentric Glioma: A Clinicopathologic Review of 5 Tumors With Identification of Associated Cortical Dysplasia
Authors: Marburger Trent , Prayson Richard 
Published: September 2011

Context.—Angiocentric glioma is a rare, epilepsy-associated, low-grade neoplasm with a characteristic perivascular growth pattern.Objective.—To describe the clinicopathologic features of 5 angiocentric gliomas and to evaluate for coexistent malformation of cortical development/cortical dysplasia.Design.—Retrospective review of the clinicopathologic features of 5 angiocentric gliomas (3 males and 2 females; median age at surgery, 10 years; range, 3–19 years).Results.—Seizures were the most common presenting symptom (n  =  4); 1 patient presented with headaches. Four of the tumors were located in the parieto-occipital, parietal, or temporal cortex and 1 case arose in the thalamus. All tumors consisted of an angiocentric growth pattern of bipolar spindle cells with mild pleomorphism. Three tumors also demonstrated a focal solid growth pattern. Evidence of adjacent malformation of cortical development/focal cortical dysplasia was observed in 4 of 4 cases with sufficient tissue for evaluation; all were Palmini et al type I lesions (type IA, n  =  1; type IB, n  =  3). All patients were alive at last known follow-up (17–131 months).Conclusions.—The thalamic location of 1 tumor represents an undescribed location for this typically superficial cortical tumor. A subset of angiocentric gliomas, similar to other low-grade chronic epilepsy-related tumors of childhood, are associated with coexistent malformation of cortical development, suggesting a developmental basis to their origin.
Everyday Attention: Variation in Mind Wandering and Memory in a Lecture
Authors: Risko Evan F. , Anderson Nicola , Sarwal Amara , Engelhardt Megan , Kingstone Alan 
Published: September 2011

SummaryUnderstanding the factors underlying variation in attentional state is critical in a number of domains. Here, we investigate the relation between time on task and mind wandering (i.e., a state of decoupled attention) in the context of a lecture. Lectures are the primary means of knowledge transmission in post secondary education rendering an understanding of attentional variations in lectures a pressing practical concern. We report two experiments wherein participants watched a video recorded lecture either alone (Experiment 1) or in a classroom context (Experiment 2). Participants responded to mind wandering probes at various times in the lecture in an effort to track variations in mind wandering over time. In addition, following the lecture, memory for the lecture material was tested. Results demonstrate that in a lecture mind wandering increases with time on task and memory for the lecture material decreases. In addition, there was a significant relation between mind wandering and memory for lecture material. Theoretical and practical applications of the present results are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Illness perceptions in patients with gout and the relationship with progression of musculoskeletal disability
Authors: Dalbeth Nicola , Petrie Keith J. , House Meaghan , Chong Jimmy , Leung Wingchi , Chegudi Rini , Horne Anne , Gamble Greg , McQueen Fiona M. , Taylor William J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveIllness perceptions are key determinants of behavior directed at managing disease. Although suboptimal disease management has been reported in patients with gout, patients' perceptions of illness have not been systematically studied. The aim of this study was to examine illness perceptions in patients with gout.MethodsA total of 142 patients with gout for <10 years were recruited from primary and secondary care settings. Participants completed a gout‐specific Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, questionnaires about medication beliefs and adherence to urate‐lowering therapy (ULT), and had a comprehensive assessment of gout disease activity. Serum urate, flare frequency, and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ‐II) scores were recorded at baseline and after 1 year.ResultsPatients viewed gout as a chronic condition that was responsive to treatment but not strongly influenced by personal actions. Overall, gout was seen as having a moderate impact on their life. Most patients believed that gout was caused by dietary factors. Adherence to ULT was positively associated with a greater perceived understanding of gout and inversely associated with perceived severity and consequences of disease. Of the clinical factors assessed, pain scores were most strongly associated with negative illness perception scores at baseline. Baseline illness perception scores (perceived severity of symptoms and consequences, lower personal and treatment control) predicted worsening musculoskeletal disability at 1 year as determined by the HAQ‐II. This relationship was independent of baseline disability scores.ConclusionNegative or pessimistic views about gout are associated with poorly controlled disease, lower adherence to ULT, and progression of musculoskeletal disability in patients with gout.