bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue‐engineered allograft tracheal cartilage using fibrin/hyaluronan composite gel and its in vivo implantation
Authors: Kim Dong Young , Pyun JungHee , Choi Jae Won , Kim Jang‐Hee , Lee Jin Seok , Shin Hyang Ae , Kim Hyun‐Jun , Lee Ha‐Neul , Min Byoung‐Hyun , Cha Heung Eok , Kim Chul‐Ho 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Treatment and management of tracheal defects remain challenging in head and neck surgery. Various reconstruction techniques have been used, with no consensus on the best approach. The purpose of this study was to explore a novel strategy to fabricate tissue‐engineered trachea by using fibrin/hyaluronic acid (HA) composite gel and evaluate the feasibility of creating tracheal cartilage.Study Design:A preliminary animal experiment.Methods:Chondrocytes from rabbit cartilage were expanded and seeded into a culture dish at high density to form mechanically stable allograft tracheal cartilage using fibrin/HA composite gel. After a longitudinal cervical skin incision, the trachea was exposed and a rectangular defect (1 × 0.5 cm) was created on the cervical trachea by scalpel on six rabbits. Tissue‐engineered cartilage using fibrin/HA composite was trimmed and fixed to defect boundaries with Tissucol (Baxter International, Deerfield, IL). Postoperatively, the site was evaluated endoscopically, histologically, radiologically, and functionally.Results:Postoperatively, rigid telescopic examination showed that the implanted scaffolds in all cases were completely covered with regenerated mucosa without granulation or stenosis. Histologic data showed ciliated epithelium regenerated at the operated site from 2 months postoperatively. Ciliary beat frequency of ciliated epithelium on implants was very similar to normal respiratory mucosa. Computed tomography images revealed fine luminal contour of the regenerated site. However, allograft cartilage implanted was found to be partially preserved on the postoperative specimen.Conclusions:The tracheal luminal contour and functional epithelial regeneration without graft rejection and inflammation were observed after repair of a tracheal resection using allogeneic implants with chondrocytes cultured with fibrin/HA. Laryngoscope, 2010
A new mouse laryngeal transplantation rejection grading system
Authors: Lott David G. , Shipchandler Taha Z. , Dan Olivia , Lorenz Robert R. , Strome Marshall 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Development of a rat laryngeal transplantation model allowed for the first total human laryngeal transplantation by the senior author in 1998. In an effort to further our knowledge of the immune system's role in laryngeal rejection, a change to the mouse model was required. Prior to initiating immunosuppressive research protocols, a reliable mouse larynx rejection classification had to be established.Study Design:Animal study.Methods:Thirty‐one mouse laryngeal transplants (C57 BL/6 donors to C3H recipients) were performed and allowed to reject. Six time points were evaluated histologically: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 15 days post‐transplant. Eight anatomic sites were evaluated and assigned a point value. A linear regression model was constructed using the group number as the response and the scores from the eight histological criteria as predictors. Severity classifications were determined by observing patterns in the sum of scores of variables found to be significant contributors. Group 1 was normal; group 2, minimal rejection; groups 3, 4, and 5, moderate rejection; and group 6, severe rejection.Results:All mice survived the transplants. Of the observed histological changes, cartilage, fat, muscle, and magnitude of lymphocytic infiltration significantly correlated with rejection severity. The rejection model created demonstrated 100% accuracy in predicting the severity classification for the 31 specimens in the study.Conclusions:The model established provides an accurate and reliable way to classify rejection severity in mice receiving laryngeal allografts. This sets the stage for future advanced study of manipulating the immune system as a mechanism for establishing allograft tolerance. Laryngoscope, 2010
Spiral ganglion loss outpaces inner hair cell loss in endolymphatic hydrops
Authors: Momin Suhael R. , Melki Sami J. , Alagramam Kumar N. , Megerian Cliff A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Neuronal toxicity is thought to be important in Meniere's disease and experimental endolymphatic hydrops (ELH). This study quantifies the relationship between neuronal degeneration and hair cell degeneration in ELH to evaluate the hypothesis that a primary neural insult would yield greater loss in the spiral ganglion than at the inner hair cell level.Study Design:Following induction and histopathologic confirmation of endolymphatic hydrops in guinea pigs, the degree of hydrops, spiral ganglion loss, and hair cell degeneration were quantified and compared.Methods:Guinea pigs with surgically induced unilateral hydrops were sacrificed and their cochleas preserved. Hydrops severity and spiral ganglion density were quantified using automated methods. Hair cells were counted manually. Values were normalized against the contralateral ear to create loss indexes.Results:Inner hair cell (IHC) loss at the apex is significantly lower than corresponding neuronal loss. IHC loss at the base is also lower than neuron loss, although not significantly. Regression analysis shows a significant, positive correlation between neuron loss severity and IHC loss severity at the apex, but not at the base. There is no correlation between hydrops severity and inner hair cell loss.Conclusions:By confirming that spiral ganglion loss is more severe than hair cell loss, and that hair cell loss appears to worsen with neuronal degeneration, this study supports the theory that neuronal toxicity is the primary insult in ELH‐related disorders, such as Meniere's disease, and may provide the basis for designing treatment strategies. Laryngoscope, 2010
Management of the N0 neck in recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bohannon Isaac A. , Desmond Renee A. , Clemons Lisa , Magnuson J. Scott , Carroll William R. , Rosenthal Eben L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the utility of neck dissections in patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy with a clinically negative neck.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:This retrospective review identified 71 patients with N0 necks who underwent salvage laryngectomy from 2001 to 2007. The standard practice of surgeons within our institution was different, thus neck dissections were performed on approximately one half of the patients, creating two groups for comparison. The number of neck dissections with positive metastasis were examined. Postoperative complications, overall survival, and site of recurrence were compared between patients with neck dissection and no neck dissection.Results:Thirty‐eight patients underwent 71 neck dissections concurrently with salvage laryngectomy. A total of 33 patients had salvage laryngectomy without neck dissection. Only three of 71 neck dissections (4%) had positive nodal metastasis. The rate of fistula, wound infection, hematoma/bleeding, chyle leak, wound dehiscence, and flap failure did not reveal any statistical differences. However, the overall complication rate in neck dissections patients was higher (42.2 %) than no neck dissections (21.3%; P = .04). Neck dissection patients had a higher proportion of fistulas (32%) than no dissections (18%; P = .2). Regional failure occurred in 7.9% of the patients with neck dissections and 15% of patients without neck dissection (P = .5). There was no survival advantage for patients who underwent neck dissection compared to no neck dissection (P = .47).Conclusions:There was no survival advantage gained by performing neck dissection in the clinically negative neck. However, a trend toward reduced regional failure with neck dissection must be balanced by the increased potential for complications and fistulae. Laryngoscope, 2010
Outcomes of minimally invasive endoscopic resection of anterior skull base neoplasms
Authors: Batra Pete S. , Luong Amber , Kanowitz Seth J. , Sade Burak , Lee Joung , Lanza Donald C. , Citardi Martin J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The objective of this study was to review clinical outcomes of minimally invasive endoscopic resection (MIER) for anterior skull base (ASB) neoplasms.Study Design:Retrospective data review.Methods:Data analysis was performed on all patients undergoing MIER from October 2000 to December 2008.Results:Thirty‐one patients with mean age of 58 years underwent MIER. Malignant and benign tumors were managed in 25 (80.6%) and six (19.4%) cases, respectively. Most common histopathologies were squamous cell carcinoma (six), esthesioneuroblastoma (five), mucosal melanoma (five), and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (four). American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor staging was T3N0M0 and T4N0M0 in 14 (56%) and 11 (44%) of the malignant cases, respectively. Surgical resection with curative intent was performed in 28 cases (90.3%). Multilayered skull base reconstruction was performed in most patients; lumbar drains were used in eight cases (25.8%). Twenty‐one patients (67.7%) were disease free, five patients (16.1%) were dead from disease, three patients (9.7%) were alive with disease, and two patients (6.5%) died from unrelated causes at mean follow‐up of 31.7 months.Conclusions:This study validated technical feasibility of MIER for diversity of benign and malignant ASB histopathology. Majority of patients were able to avoid adjunct craniotomy, whereas lumbar drainage was utilized in selective cases. This surgical strategy resulted in low complication rate and acceptable disease‐free survival in patients with advanced T3 and T4 malignant lesions. Future studies should focus on multicenter trials to facilitate more robust survival analysis and comparison to open surgical approaches. Laryngoscope, 2010
Multifactorial dysphagia: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Nimmons Grace , Van Daele Douglas J. , Hoffman Henry T. , Rao Satish S. , Clark Charles R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSwallowing is a complex, multistage event with oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases. A thorough clinical examination for swallowing complaints begins to differentiate whether the problem is due to anatomic, mechanical, or neurologic etiologies. Based on the clinical suspicion, additional tests may be beneficial, including fluoroscopic and direct imaging methods, and electrophysiologic measurements. A multidisciplinary approach may also be advantageous, as in this case of dysphagia from diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and eosinophilic esophagitis, which incorporated care from otolaryngology, speech pathology, orthopedic surgery, and gastroenterology. Laryngoscope, 2010
Primary middle ear Epstein‐Barr virus‐related lymphoepithelial carcinoma: Case reports and systematic review
Authors: Clark Matthew P. A. , Westerberg Brian D. , Berean Kenneth W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To report two cases of primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma in the middle ear and to determine the optimal treatment for such lesions.Study Design/Methods:Case reports and a systematic review of the literature.Results:Primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma in the middle ear is an exceptionally rare condition with only two other cases reported in the literature. There appears to be an association with Epstein‐Barr virus infection and in those patients originating from the Guangdong province of China, much as is the case for similar lesions found in the nasopharynx. Piecemeal rather than en bloc excision, in combination with adjuvant radiotherapy, appears to adequately control the disease.Conclusions:Primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the middle ear is a rare lesion, which when treated has a good prognosis. Laryngoscope, 2010
Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering in Raman lasers and Raman wavelength converters
Authors: Vermeulen N. , Debaes C. , Thienpont H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper recent research progress on the use of Coherent Anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) in Raman lasers and Raman wavelength converters is reviewed. The latest insights in the physical nature and behavior of CARS are addressed, and the recent performance breakthroughs in CARS‐based Raman wavelength conversion are discussed. Based on the new findings regarding the behavior of CARS, a physical explanation for apparent inconsistencies in various experimental observations of Raman wavelength conversion is provided. To conclude it is shown that these recent insights also pave the way to the development of a novel CARS‐based mechanism for reducing the heat dissipation in Raman lasers.
Miscibility and Physical Properties of Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Binary Blends
Authors: Yu Fang , Nakayama Tomohiro , Nakamura Nobuo , Katsumata Kenji , Pan Pengju , Inoue Yoshio 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn order to improve some inferior physical properties of bacterial poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB‐co‐3HHx)] by blending with PEO, the miscibility, spherulite morphology, crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of P(3HB‐co‐3HHx)/PEO binary biodegradable polymer blends were investigated. A good miscibility between P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) with a 3HHx unit content of 11 mol‐% and PEO in the amorphous state was found when the PEO weight fraction was 10 wt.‐%, while the miscibility decreased dramatically when the PEO weight fraction exceeded 20 wt.‐%. Strongly depending on the blend composition, the mechanical properties of P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) was found to be significantly improved by blending with PEO with a weight fraction of ≈5–17.5 wt.‐%.magnified image
Designing Starch‐Based Nanospheres to Make Hydrogels with High Mechanical Strength
Authors: Tan Ying , Wang Pixin , Xu Kun , Li Wenbo , An Huiyong , Li Linglu , Liu Chang , Dong Lisong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA robust method to prepare hydrogels with high mechanical strength is presented. Core/shell nanospheres with derivatizable allyl groups in the shell were first prepared. Starch‐based nanospheres were used as crosslinker to prepare polyacrylamide hydrogels. The starch‐based nanospheres were bridged by acrylamide to form crosslink points in the hydrogel network. They possess an extremely high mechanical strength. The results show that starch‐based nanosphere hydrogels can sustain strengths of 10.34 MPa, which is 60 times greater than for a normal hydrogel. The mechanical properties of SNH can be tailored by varying the content of SN. This approach offered a new way of making functional hydrogel with biodegradable component as a substitute for tissue.magnified image
Predicting the Long‐Term Mechanical Performance of Polycarbonate from Thermal History during Injection Molding
Authors: Engels Tom A. P. , van Breemen Lambert C. A. , Govaert Leon E. , Meijer Han E. H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe influence of the thermal history experienced during injection molding on the mechanical properties of polycarbonate is investigated. Distributions of the yield stress as they result from inhomogeneous cooling during processing, predicted by a previously developed modeling approach, are validated and are in good agreement with experiment. Predictions of the mechanical performance for different mold temperatures during processing are also validated over a range of applied strain and deformation rates and applied stresses and forces, for simple tensile bars and an actual product. Good agreement is found. It is shown that mold temperature has a tremendous influence on the life time of polymer products, which can differ by more than two orders of magnitude.magnified image
Nuclear applications of inorganic mass spectrometry
Authors: De Laeter John 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThere are several basic characteristics of mass spectrometry that are not always fully appreciated by the science community. These characteristics include the distinction between relative and absolute isotope abundances, and the influence of isotope fractionation on the accuracy of isotopic measurements. These characteristics can be illustrated in the field of nuclear physics with reference to the measurement of nuclear parameters, which involve the use of enriched isotopes, and to test models of s‐, r‐, and p‐process nucleosynthesis. The power of isotope‐dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) to measure trace elements in primitive meteorites to produce accurate Solar System abundances has been essential to the development of nuclear astrophysics. The variety of mass spectrometric instrumentation used to measure the isotopic composition of elements has sometimes been accompanied by a lack of implementation of basic mass spectrometric protocols which are applicable to all instruments. These metrological protocols are especially important in atomic weight determinations, but must also be carefully observed in cases where the anomalies might be very small, such as in studies of the daughter products of extinct radionuclides to decipher events in the early history of the Solar System. There are occasions in which misleading conclusions have been drawn from isotopic data derived from mass spectrometers where such protocols have been ignored. It is important to choose the mass spectrometer instrument most appropriate to the proposed experiment. The importance of the integrative nature of mass spectrometric measurements has been demonstrated by experiments in which long, double beta decay and geochronological decay half‐lives have been measured as an alternative to costly radioactive‐counting experiments. This characteristic is also illustrated in the measurement of spontaneous fission yields, which have accumulated over long periods of time. Mass spectrometry is also a valuable tool in the determination of neutron capture cross‐section measurements and the application of such determinations in Planetary Science. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:845–859, 2010
Toward multipurpose NMR experiments
Authors: Schlagnitweit Judith , Zuckerstätter Gerhard , Müller Norbert 
Published: October 2009

AbstractStandard phase cycled NMR pulse sequences were generalized such that for each individual step of the pulse phase cycle the free induction decay is stored separately without phase correction. This is in contrast to the usual practice, where pulse responses are phase shifted immediately (by applying a ‘receiver phase’) and co‐added as they are stored. The approach used here allows one to extract different types of NMR information, which are usually referred to as different ‘experiments’, from the same raw data set a posteriori by using complex linear combinations. Storing the free induction decays of individual phase cycle steps separately and using specific linear combinations of these data to obtain a particular type of information increase the overall efficiency of a given set of NMR experiments substantially, because all information can be derived from a single multiplexed data set. This ‘super‐experiment’ requires only as much time as the most complex of the derived specific experiments alone.The principle of this multipurpose approach was demonstrated by performing different multiple‐quantum filtered COSY experiments. It also becomes possible to generate linear combinations, which differ from the conventionally acquired spectra a posteriori. For example, we implemented diagonal peak reduction by using zero‐ and single‐quantum filtered COSY contributions without requiring additional experiment time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multiresolution space‐time adaptive scheme for the bidomain model in electrocardiology
Authors: Bendahmane Mostafa , Bürger Raimund , Ruiz‐Baier Ricardo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe bidomain model of electrical activity of myocardial tissue consists of a possibly degenerate parabolic PDE coupled with an elliptic PDE for the transmembrane and extracellular potentials, respectively. This system of two scalar PDEs is supplemented by a time‐dependent ODE modeling the evolution of the gating variable. In the simpler subcase of the monodomain model, the elliptic PDE reduces to an algebraic equation. Since typical solutions of the bidomain and monodomain models exhibit wavefronts with steep gradients, we propose a finite volume scheme enriched by a fully adaptive multiresolution method, whose basic purpose is to concentrate computational effort on zones of strong variation of the solution. Time adaptivity is achieved by two alternative devices, namely locally varying time stepping and a Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg‐type adaptive time integration. A series of numerical examples demonstrates that these methods are efficient and sufficiently accurate to simulate the electrical activity in myocardial tissue with affordable effort. In addition, the optimal choice of the threshold for discarding nonsignificant information in the multiresolution representation of the solution is addressed, and the numerical efficiency and accuracy of the method is measured in terms of CPU time speed‐up, memory compression, and errors in different norms. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
Effects of stress and social support on postpartum health of Chinese mothers in the United States
Authors: Cheng Ching‐Yu , Pickler Rita H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPostpartum maternal well being across cultures has received limited research attention. We examined relationships among stress, social support, and health in 152 Chinese mothers <1 year postpartum in the United States. These mothers did not perceive high levels of stress, although they did not receive as much support as they indicated they needed; 23.7% of mothers scored high for depressive symptoms. About half of the mothers experienced interrupted sleep, decrease in memory, and lack of sexual desire. All health measures were inter‐correlated. Social support moderated the effects of stress on depressive symptoms. Culturally relevant care that is perceived as supportive may promote postpartum maternal health. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32:582–591, 2009
Preliminary efficacy of a comprehensive HIV prevention intervention for abstinent adolescent girls: Pilot study findings
Authors: Morrison‐Beedy Dianne , Carey Michael P. , Seibold‐Simpson Susan M. , Xia Yinglin , Tu Xin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe developed and pilot‐tested a comprehensive HIV prevention/sexual risk reduction intervention with 54 sexually abstinent girls and estimated the effect of the intervention on three antecedents of sexual risk behavior: information, motivation, and behavioral skills. Girls ages 14–18 were randomized into either (a) an AbsPlus intervention or (b) a structurally equivalent control group. Assessments were obtained at baseline and 3 months follow‐up using audio computer assisted self‐interview. The intervention resulted in a large effect for information (d = 1.11); small to large effects for the motivational measures (d = .34–.88), and a moderate effect for a measure of behavioral skills (d = .67). The results indicate that antecedents of sexual risk behavior change were improved by a gender‐specific theoretically guided intervention. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32:569–581, 2009