bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake, Infection Rates, and Seropositivity Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness in the United States
Authors: Santa Maria Diane M. , Padhye Nikhil , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis , Grimes Carolyn Z. , Nyamathi Adeline , Lightfoot Marguerita , Quadri Yasmeen , Paul Mary E. , Jones Jennifer Torres 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
People experiencing homelessness are at greater risk of exposure and poor health outcomes from COVID-19. Yet, little data exists on the prevalence and correlates of COVID-19 among homeless populations. To mitigate the spread and severity, uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine is needed. This can be challenging among youth experiencing homelessness who are more likely to be unvaccinated when compared to stably housed youth.

Objective
We conducted this study to determine the prevalence and correlates of COVID-19 among youth experiencing homelessness.

Methods
We examined experiences of COVID-19 symptoms, self-report of infection, rates of COVID-19 antibodies and distinguished between natural and vaccinated immunity among youth experiencing homelessness (N = 265) recruited in one large metropolitan area in the South.

Results
Based on self-report, very few participants experienced any symptoms, and 80% had never been diagnosed with COVID-19. Of those with COVID-19 antibodies (68%), the proportion with antibodies resulting from natural infection was 44%. The vaccination rate was 42%. Younger and vaccinated participants and those in shelters were likelier to have COVID-19 antibodies. Black and Hispanic youth were more likely than White youth to have had COVID-19. Those who adopted only one or two prevention behaviors were more likely to acquire a natural infection than those who adopted three or more prevention behaviors.

Discussion
Youth experiencing homelessness report low vaccination rates, disrupted access to health care and social supports, and underlying chronic conditions, which may explain why they face poorer outcomes when infected with COVID-19. Vaccination and risk mitigation strategies to combat the high prevalence of COVID-19 are especially needed for sheltered youth who are at high risk yet are often asymptomatic.
Screening for Nephropathy in Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes: Quality Improvement to Increase Nephropathy Screening
Authors: Mann Elizabeth A. , Alexander Kelsi , Beaton Whitney , Roe Elizabeth B. , Grant Amy , Shadman Kristin A. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Screening for early detection of microalbuminuria signaling kidney disease should begin as early as the time of diagnosis of youth-onset type 2 diabetes. This quality improvement initiative aimed to standardize urine nephropathy screening in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary academic medical center and increase a baseline screening rate of 56%–75% over 6 months (September 2022–February 2023) and sustain that increase for 6 months (March through August 2023).

Methods:
A multi-disciplinary team used quality improvement methods and iterative Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. Targeted interventions included previsit planning workflow, education, and a new-onset triage protocol. The team collected data at baseline and prospectively by reviewing electronic medical records. The primary outcome measure was pediatric type 2 diabetes clinic visits in diabetes clinic with urine nephropathy screening before or on the visit date.

Results:
A total of 121 youth were scheduled for T2D clinic visits between September 2021 and August 2023. The mean age was 14.5 years, and 60% were women, 40% were non-Hispanic Black, 28% were Hispanic/Latino, and 15% reported Spanish as their preferred language. Following the interventions of this project, urine nephropathy screening increased from 56% to 75%, and this change was sustained for 6 months.

Conclusions:
Interventions focused on efficient recognition of the population needing screening, coordinated internal processes around screening, a shared understanding between all stakeholders, and practical support in the healthcare system increased urine nephropathy screening with sustained improvement.
Brucella Prostatitis: A Rare Manifestation of Fever of Unknown Origin, Detected by FDG PET/CT
Authors: Mahdi Raza Abbas , Preet Komal , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Kumar Rajender , Singh Harmandeep , Taneja Sunil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
FDG PET/CT is a well-documented imaging investigation to evaluate fever of unknown origin (FUO). Brucellosis is one of the causes of FUO, which can be missed as it requires a longer incubation period for growth on culture media. Rarely, it can involve the prostate. Here, we present a case of FUO with initial negative blood and urine cultures and no localizing signs or symptoms. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed hypermetabolism in the prostate and seminal vesicles. A repeat blood and urine culture showed the growth of Brucella species after 5 days of incubation, and the patient responded to Brucella-directed antibiotic therapy.
Prophylactic Anticoagulation Reduces the Risk of Kidney Graft Venous Thrombosis in Recipients From Uncontrolled Donation After Circulatory Death Donors With High Renal Resistive Index
Authors: Molina Maria , Fernández-Ruiz Mario , Gonzalez Esther , Cabrera Jimena , Praga Manuel , Rodriguez Alfredo , Tejido-Sánchez Angel , Medina-Polo Jose , Mateos Alonso , Rubio-Chacón Carlos , Sanchez Angel , Pla Ana , Andrés Amado 
Published: May 2024

Background.
Uncontrolled donation after circulatory death (uDCD) increases organ availability for kidney transplantation (KT) at the expense of a higher risk of primary graft nonfunction (PNF). At least half of the cases of PNF are secondary to graft venous thrombosis. The potential benefit from prophylactic anticoagulation in this scenario remains unclear.

Methods.
In this single-center retrospective study we compared 2 consecutive cohorts of KT from uDCD with increased (≥0.8) renal resistive index (RRI) in the Doppler ultrasound examination performed within the first 24–72 h after transplantation: 36 patients did not receive anticoagulation (“nonanticoagulation group”) and 71 patients underwent prophylactic anticoagulation until normalization of RRI in follow-up Doppler examinations (“anticoagulation group”).

Results.
Anticoagulation was initiated at a median of 2 d (interquartile range, 2–3) after transplantation and maintained for a median of 12 d (interquartile range, 7–18). In 4 patients (5.6%), anticoagulation had to be prematurely stopped because of the development of a hemorrhagic complication. In comparison with the nonanticoagulation group, recipients in the anticoagulation group had a lower 2-wk cumulative incidence of graft venous thrombosis (19.4% versus 0.0%; P < 0.001) and PNF (19.4% versus 2.8%; P = 0.006). The competing risk analysis with nonthrombotic causes of PNF as the competitive event confirmed the higher risk of graft thrombosis in the nonanticoagulation group (P = 0.0001). The anticoagulation group had a higher incidence of macroscopic hematuria (21.1% versus 5.6%; P = 0.049) and blood transfusion requirements (39.4% versus 19.4%; P = 0.050) compared with the nonanticoagulation group. No graft losses or deaths were attributable to complications potentially associated with anticoagulation.

Conclusions.
Early initiation of prophylactic anticoagulation in selected KT recipients from uDCD with an early Doppler ultrasound RRI of ≥0.8 within the first 24–72 h may reduce the incidence of graft venous thrombosis as a cause of PNF.
Variation in DCD Liver Transplant Protocols Among Transplant Centers in the United States
Authors: Punjala Sai Rithin , Logan April , Han Jing , Obana Ayato , Limkemann Ashley J. , Schenk Austin D. , Washburn William K. 
Published: May 2024

Background.
Variation in donation after circulatory death (DCD) organ recovery and liver transplant practices exist among transplant centers. This study aimed to evaluate these practices among centers in the United States.

Methods.
Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data were accessed to identify centers that performed liver transplantation in 2021 and 2022. Surveys were sent to transplant centers that consistently performed ≥5 DCD liver transplants per year.

Results.
DCD liver transplants were performed by 95 centers (65.1%) of the 146 liver transplant centers in the United States. Survey results were recorded from 42 centers that consistently performed ≥5 DCD liver transplants per year, with a 59.5% response rate. Withdrawal-to-asystole and agonal time were used to define donor warm ischemia time (WIT) in 16% and 84% centers, respectively. Fifty-six percent of the centers did not use oxygen saturation to define donor WIT. Systolic blood pressure cutoffs used to define agonal time varied between 50 and 80 mm Hg, donor age cutoffs ranged between 55 and 75 y, and cold ischemia times varied between 4 and 10 h. Seventy-six percent of centers used normothermic machine perfusion for DCD liver transplantation.

Conclusions.
This study highlights the wide variation in use, recovery, and definition of donor WIT. Using national data to rigorously define best practices will encourage greater utilization of this important donor resource.
Multiple-target Therapy for Posttransplant Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Mansur Juliana , Chang-Dávila Domingo , Simões Marcela Giraldes , Cristelli Marina Pontello , Stopa Martins Suelen Bianca , de Sousa Proença Henrique Machado , Viana Laila Almeida , Ferreira Alexandra Nicolau , Doher Marisa Petrucelli , Medina-Pestana José , Mastroianni Kirsztajn Gianna , Tedesco-Silva Helio 
Published: May 2024

Background.
There is no consensus on the ideal strategy to treat posttransplant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The multiple-target therapy, which consisted of high-dose intravenous cyclosporine, prednisone, and plasmapheresis, showed favorable results.

Methods.
This single-center, prospective study sought to evaluate the multiple-target therapy in an independent cohort of patients.

Results.
Thirteen patients with posttransplant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis received multiple-target therapy. Complete remission was achieved in 2 patients (15.4%), and partial remission in another 2 patients (15.4%). Four patients (30.7%) did not show remission, and 5 patients (38%) lost the graft because of posttransplant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis during the 12-mo follow-up. Premature discontinuation of treatment occurred in 10 patients (77%), all associated with infectious adverse events. Cytomegalovirus was the most common complication, and preemptive therapy was used instead of prophylaxis.

Conclusions.
In this cohort of patients, the efficacy of the multiple-target therapy was poor and limited by the high incidence of infectious adverse events.
Is the Electroconvulsive Therapy Video on YouTube Supportive Information for Patients and Their Primary Caregivers?
Authors: Abu Sabra Mohammad A. , Al Kalaldeh Mahmoud , AlOsta Mohammad R. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a significant contemporary medical treatment modality for various mental disorders that have not responded to other treatments. YouTube is a valuable place to get health-related educational content that can have a big impact on patients' and their primary caregivers' behaviors and decisions.

Objective
The aim of the study is to analyze the content of YouTube videos related to ECT to investigate the quality and reliability of videos as supportive information for patients and their primary caregivers.

Methods
A total of 250 videos related to ECT that are available on YouTube were analyzed. The Global Quality Scale and the modified DISCERN tool were used to assess the quality and reliability of the videos. Details of the content of the video, caregiver appearance, methods of information presentation, source of the video, and video parameters were analyzed as well.

Result
The analysis revealed that the median total score of Global Quality Scale was 3 (interquartile range, 2; min–max, 1–5), which means the video quality was medium. The median total score of the modified DISCERN tool was 3 (interquartile range, 1; min–max, 0–5), which means the videos were highly reliable. Most of the video sources in the included videos were educational (41.2%, n = 103) from formal caregivers, and there was no significant difference between Global Quality Scale scores, video parameters, and modified DISCERN scores.

Conclusions
YouTube is considered a supportive source of information related to ECT but needs more encouragement from formal caregivers to disseminate high-quality and reliable healthcare content on YouTube platforms to ensure access to accurate information.
Unravelling Antibody-Induced Mechanical Stability of Antigen: Insights from Single-Molecule Studies
Authors: Chakraborty Soham , Pandit Shivam , Bhatt Madhu , Chowdhury Debojyoti , Chakrabarty Suman , Haldar Shubhasis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe intricate nature of antigen-antibody interactions plays a pivotal role in immunological responses. Despite the multitude of ligand-binding sites on antigens, the influence of antibodies on their mechanical stability remains elusive. This study elucidates the impact of IgM, the largest antibody isotype, on the mechanical stability of protein L, a bacterial superantigen, using single-molecule magnetic tweezers and steered molecular dynamics. Our findings reveal a concentration-dependent elevation in mechanical stability induced by IgM, as demonstrated by prolonged unfolding dwell times. Through steered molecular dynamics simulations, we elucidate the distinct mechanical responses of protein L binding interfaces at various IgM complex states, highlighting their synergistic effect on IgM dimer complex stability. Notably, this enhanced response stems from the altered unfolding pathway of protein L upon IgM interaction, providing significant insights into the generic mechanisms governing antibody-induced mechanical stability of antigenic substrates in physiological conditions, shedding light on the underlying folding dynamics and molecular mechanics of antigen-antibody interaction.
Local climate variability, phenology and morphological traits of the long distance migrants Savi’s warblerLocustella luscinioidesand Sedge warblerAcrocephalus schoenobaenusin reedbeds of a man-made wetland of SE Iberia
Authors: Peiró Ignacio García 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a consequence of climatic variability in the northern hemisphere, the Mediterranean region is experiencing the most pronounced effects of rising temperatures and decreasing precipitation. This has a multitude of effects on bird migration, with particular relevance to migratory passerines associated with wetlands, whose area has been in decline in this region since the last century. In order to relate phenology to morphology and climate in two species of trans-Saharan migrants closely associated with reedbeds, this study analysed the relationships between Savi’s warblersLocustella luscinioidesand Sedge warblersAcrocephalus schoenobaenusabundances, local climatology and morphological traits in an inland coastal artificial wetland in southeastern Iberia over a 12-year period. The climatic variability observed in this wetland was reflected in a negative trend between local temperatures and the year, and a positive trend with annual precipitation. This was confirmed in subsequent series. The abundance of Savi’s warbler increased adaptively with the year, while that of the Sedge warbler decreased non-adaptively, although neither change was statistically significant. A two-year delay was observed in the interannual phenology peak of the Savi’s warbler relative to the Sedge warbler. The monthly abundances of Savi’s warblers exhibited a significant positive correlation with intra-annual temperatures, explaining approximately half of the intra-annual phenology. No morphological trait could be identified as an explanatory factor for these trends, as no significant correlation with year was detected. Consequently, a coincidence with the morphological traits of both species associated with global climate change could not be established, which supports the hypothesis of migratory bird mismatch in the southeastern Iberia. In a future scenario in the eastern fringe of the Iberian Peninsula, an increase in the abundance of some trans-Saharan migrants, such as the Savi’s warbler, is to be expected as a consequence of climatic improvement, in particular rising temperatures. Further studies are required to ascertain whether this phenomenon occurs in other trans-Saharan migrants in other localities in the west.
Intra- and inter-chain contacts determine TCR specificity: applying protein co-evolution methods to TCRαβ pairing
Authors: Milighetti Martina , Nagano Yuta , Henderson James , Hershberg Uri , Tiffeau-Mayer Andreas , Bitbol Anne-Florence , Chain Benny 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe six complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of the T cell receptor (TCR) form multiple contacts with cognate peptide and major histocompatibility complex, thus determining antigen specificity. However, the importance of contacts between the CDRs themselves remains poorly understood. With a systematic study of over 200 unique TCR structures, we identify consistent intra and inter-chain CDR contact zones. We hypothesise that these interactions may restrict TCRα/TCRβpairing within epitope-specific repertoires. Indeed, we show that the sequences of paired TCRαand TCRβare not independent within the repertoires of TCRs specific for most epitopes examined. We show that this sequence restriction can be quantified using a mutual information framework, can be learnt by co-evolution models without using a training set of known pairs and allowsde novopredictions of TCRα/TCRβpairing.
Systematic deconstruction of myeloid cell signaling in tuberculosis granulomas reveals IFN-γ, TGF-β, and time are associated with conserved myeloid diversity
Authors: Peters Joshua M. , Gideon Hannah P. , Hughes Travis K. , Gunnarson Cal , Maiello Pauline , Mugahid Douaa , Nyquist Sarah K. , Bromley Joshua D. , Blainey Paul C. , Junecko Beth F. , Nelson Molly L. , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Lin Philana Ling , Flynn JoAnne L. , Shalek Alex K. , Fortune Sarah M. , Mattila Joshua T. , Bryson Bryan D. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTMyeloid cells are key constituents of tuberculosis (TB) granulomas. They are the major target of pathogen infection and play central roles in pathogen control, antigen presentation, adaptive immune cell recruitment, and tissue homeostasis. However, the role of myeloid cells in TB has been studied largely throughex vivoexperimental approaches that do not capture the dynamic phenotypic and functional states of these cells in the disease environment. To address this gap, we used a combination of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), computational modeling, and imaging to define the molecular diversity of myeloid cells in granulomas fromMycobacterium tuberculosis-infected nonhuman primates. We observed an increase in myeloid cell diversity in granulomas compared to non-granulomatous lung tissue. This increased transcriptional diversity is defined by a continuum of macrophage differentiation-, metabolism-, and cytokine-regulated transcriptional programs.In vitroexperimental modeling of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in defined cytokine environments implicates differentiation time, IFN-γ, and TGF-β signaling as candidate drivers of macrophage diversity. We next examined the conservation of these populations across additional experimental models of Mtb infection and found myeloid cell subsets enriched across the TB disease spectrum. To further contextualize these responses, we constructed an atlas of myeloid cells across diverse human lung pathologies, finding myeloid cell subpopulations that were similar between TB and other lung pathologies as well as subpopulations that distinguish between diseases. Collectively, this study identifies points of integration between myeloid cell biology in TB granulomas and other lung diseases that can be used for defining the signals that instruct myeloid cell behavior in TB and other diseases, as well as advance myeloid cell-targeted therapies.
Inactivation of PRMT1 inhibits cardiac fibrosis via transcriptional regulation and perturbation of FBL activity in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition
Authors: Qian Jiang , Jackson-Weaver Olan , Shen Yudao , Jin Jian , Chen Yibu , Li Meng , Subramanyan Ram Kumar , Xu Jian 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTCardiac fibrosis is a recognized cause of morbidity and mortality, yet effective pharmacological therapy that directly targets the fibrotic process remains lacking. Here we surveyed a group of methyltransferases known as protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) and demonstrated that PRMT1, which is the most highly expressed PRMT in the heart, was upregulated in activated cardiac fibroblasts, or myofibroblasts, in failing hearts. Deleting Prmt1 specifically in myofibroblasts or treating systemically with the PRMT1 inhibitor MS023 blocked myofibroblast formation, leading to a significant reduction in cardiac fibrosis and improvement in cardiac function in both acute and chronic heart injury models that manifest pervasive cardiac fibrosis. PRMT1 promoted the transition of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts by regulating transcription and epigenetic status. Additionally, PRMT1 methylated a key nucleolar protein fibrillarin 1 (FBL) and regulated nucleoli morphology and function during fibroblast fate transition. We further demonstrated a previously unrecognized requirement for FBL in myofibroblasts formation, by regulating myofibroblast gene induction and contractile force generation.
Discovery and characterization of dietary antigens in oral tolerance
Authors: Blum Jamie E. , Kong Ryan , Schulman E.A. , Chen Francis M. , Upadhyay Rabi , Romero-Meza Gabriela , Littman Dan R. , Fischbach Michael A. , Nagashima Kazuki , Sattely Elizabeth S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFood antigens elicit immune tolerance through the action of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the intestine. Although antigens that trigger common food allergies are known, the epitopes that mediate tolerance to most foods have not been described. Here, we identified murine T cell receptors specific for maize, wheat, and soy, and used expression cloning to de-orphan their cognate epitopes. All of the epitopes derive from seed storage proteins that are resistant to degradation and abundant in the edible portion of the plant. Multiple unrelated T cell clones were specific for an epitope at the C-terminus of 19 kDa alpha-zein, a protein from maize kernel. An MHC tetramer loaded with this antigen revealed that zein-specific T cells are predominantly Tregs localized to the intestine. These cells, which develop concurrently with weaning, constitute up to 2% of the peripheral Treg pool. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that these cells express higher levels of immunosuppressive markers and chemokines compared to other Tregs. These data suggest that immune tolerance to plant-derived foods is focused on a specific class of antigens with common features, and they reveal the functional properties of naturally occurring food-specific Tregs.