bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Controls on the Catalytic Polymerization of Hydroquinone by Birnessites
Authors: Liu Ming-Ming , Cao Xing-Hui , Tan Wen-Feng , Feng Xiong-Han , Qiu Guo-Hong , Chen Xiu-Hua , Liu Fan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe role of Mn oxide in the abiotic formation of humic substances has been well demonstrated. However, information on the effect of crystal structure and surface-chemical characteristics of Mn oxide on this process is limited. In the present study, hexagonal and triclinic birnessites, synthesized in acidic and alkali media, were used to study the influence of the crystal-structure properties of birnessites on the oxidative polymerization of hydroquinone and to elucidate the catalytic mechanism of birnessites in the abiotic formation of humic-like polymers in hydroquinone-birnessite systems. The intermediate and final products formed in solution and solid-residue phases were identified by UV/Visible spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, solid-phase microextraction-gaschromatography-mas ss pectrometry, ion chromatography, and ultrafiltration. The degree of oxidative polymerization of hydroquinone wasenhanced with increase in the interlayer hydrated H+, the average oxidation state (AOS), and the specific surface area of birnessites. The nature of the functional groups of the humic-like polymers formed was, however, almost identical when hydroquinone was catalyzed by hexagonal and triclinic birnessites with similar AOS of Mn. The results indicated that crystal structure and surface-chemistry characteristics have significant influence on the oxidative activity of birnessites and the degree of polymerization of hydroquinone, but have little effect on the abiotic formation mechanism of humic-like polymers. The proposed oxidative polymerization pathway for hydroquinone isthat, asit approachesthe birnessite, it formsp recursor surface complexes. Asa strong oxidant, birnessite accepts an electron from hydroquinone, which is oxidized to 1,4-benzoquinone. The coupling, cleavage, polymerization, and decarboxylation reactionsaccompany the generation of 1,4-benzoquinone, lead to the release of CO2 and carboxylic acid fragments, the generation of rhodochrosite, and the ultimate formation of humic-like polymers. These findings are of fundamental significance in understanding the catalytic role of birnessite and the mechanism for the abiotic formation of humic substances in nature.
REVIEWS
Authors: Tebbutt John , Linfoot Matthew 
Published: December 2011

CALLING ALL CARS; RADIO DRAGNETS AND THE TECHNOLOGY OF POLICING, KATHLEEN BATTLES (2010) Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 282 pp., ISBN 978-0-8166-4913-6 (hbk), $67.50 ISBN 978-0-8166-4914-3 (pbk), $22.50
SOUNDS OF YOUR LIFE - THE HISTORY OF INDEPENDENT RADIO
IN THE UK, TONY STOLLER (2010) New Barnet: John Libbey Publishing, 350 pp., ISBN 978-0861966905 (hbk), £22.50
Preventing Saltcedar (Tamarixspp.) Seedling Establishment in the Northern Prairie Pothole Region
Authors: Ohrtman Michelle K. , Clay Sharon A. , Clay David E. , Mousel Eric M. , Smart Alexander J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractControlled burns and grazing are being tested to manage invasive grasses in the Prairie Pothole region of the Northern Great Plains. These practices, however, may inadvertently promote saltcedar infestations from seed by opening the vegetative canopy. Saltcedar seedling establishment was investigated in greenhouse experiments using intact soil cores from one summit and three footslope sites in eastern South Dakota. Establishment tests were conducted in soil cores collected from treatment and control plots immediately after spring fire treatment (postburn) and in cores that contained peak cool- or peak warm-season vegetation, with or without clipping (simulated grazing treatment), to simulate vegetation conditions typical of saltcedar seed-shed in northern regions. Cores were seeded with 100 saltcedar seeds and subirrigated to maintain high soil water conditions, characteristic of the environment near potholes during late spring/early summer. Seedlings were counted during the first 3 wk to estimate establishment and the height of five seedlings core−1were measured weekly to estimate growth rates. Opening the canopy with fire or clipping increased saltcedar establishment. Cores taken immediately after fire treatment had two times more seedlings establish (38% vs. 19%) and greater average seedling growth rate (1.5 mm d−1vs. 0.9 mm d−1) when compared with no-fire controls. Fire after seeding reduced seedling establishment to 5%, but did not affect growth rate. Saltcedar establishment in peak cool-season vegetation cores was 6% regardless of earlier fire treatment, whereas in peak warm-season vegetation, establishment ranged from 8% (no spring fire) to 17% (spring fire). If soils remain wet, invasion risk following spring fire may be greatest when warm-season grasses are flowering because this time coincides with northern saltcedar seed production. Areas adjacent to viable saltcedar seed sources should be managed to maximize canopy cover when seeds are released to limit further establishment. Fire after saltcedar seed deposition may control propagules and young seedlings.
Nursing Body and Soul in the Parish: Lutheran Deaconess Motherhouses in Germany and the United States
Authors: Kreutzer Susanne 
Published: December 2011

In Lutheran Germany, parish nursing traditionally constituted the deaconesses’ principal work. As “Christian mothers of the parish” they were charged with a wide spectrum of tasks, including nursing, social service, and pastoral care. At the center of the Christian understanding of nursing was the idea of nursing body and soul as a unity. This article analyzes the conception and transformation of Protestant parish nursing in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Germany and the United States, which developed very differently. In West Germany, parish nursing proved surprisingly resistant to modernization even in the face of upheavals of the 1960s, and in some places this traditional model survived as late as the 1980s and 1990s. In the United States, by contrast, an understanding of nursing rooted in the division of labor between care for body and care for soul had come to prevail by the 1920s and ‘30s, pushing out the German model of the parish deaconess altogether.
Differences Between Perpetrators of Bidirectional and Unidirectional Physical Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Charles Dyanna , Whitaker Daniel J. , Le Brenda , Swahn Monica , DiClemente Ralph J. 
Published: December 2011

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue causing significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden to its victims and society. Prior research suggests that bidirectional or reciprocal IPV perpetration (cases in which both partners perpetrate IPV toward the other) is common and more serious than unidirectional IPV. However, little is known about the characteristics of individuals and couples who engage in bidirectional versus unidirectional IPV.Using Waves I and III of Add Health, a large, nationally representative sample of young adults, we compared characteristics of perpetrators of bidirectional and unidirectional physical IPV perpetration to each other and to nonperpetrators across a range of variables.Among study participants, 18.3% reported IPV perpetration in their most recent important relationship, and 65.4% of that was bidirectional, meaning the participant also reported that their partner perpetrated against them. Bivariate analyses showed that both types of perpetrators—bidirectional and unidirectional—differed significantly from nonperpetrators on nearly all variables examined. In multivariate analyses, seven variables were related to bidirectional versus unidirectional IPV perpetration at the .05 level: sex, violent delinquency, substance use, poor grades, depression, having had sex in the relationship, and cohabitation status. There were few sex differences in variables related to reciprocity; only three variables showed differential correlation with reciprocity (early sexual initiation, depression, partner age difference); and only one (depression) remained significant in multivariate models, indicating that the correlates of IPV reciprocity were largely similar for men and women.
Healing Circles as an Alternative to Batterer Intervention Programs for Addressing Domestic Violence Among Orthodox Jews
Authors: Zakheim Suzanne Faye 
Published: December 2011

Orthodox Jewish (OJ) families living with violence have concerns that are specific to their culture and tradition. This article, based on a 2009 study at New York University (S. F. Zakheim, 2009), explores the possibility that mainstream interventions developed to address domestic violence lack features that make them optimal for use among OJ families.One often used treatment, the Batterer Intervention Program (BIP), is predicated on the belief that resocializing the male abuser will eliminate the problem of violence in a domestic setting. The BIP method of treatment dictates that, once violence has been reported, a chain of legal and societal events must be set into motion. This treatment does not involve the victim and may not even take into account his or her own expressed desires.This article considers that, within the OJ community, it may be necessary to view domestic violence from a different perspective. To this end, it compares two forms of intervention carried out with OJ families: the BIP and an innovative restorative justice approach called healing circles (HCs). The restorative justice theory, on which HCs are predicated, permits the victim (not the legal authorities) to define what restitution he or she receives from the perpetrator. Unlike the BIP, which targets the behaviors of the abuser only, HCs work with the entire family—and the broader community—even taking into account community rituals and individual characteristics. As a treatment method sensitive to cultural intricacies, the HC proved to be more effective than BIPs in dealing with domestic violence in the OJ community.
Effect of Photodynamic Therapy, Diode Laser, and Deep Scaling on Cytokine and Acute‐Phase Protein Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Residual Periodontal Pockets
Authors: Giannopoulou Catherine , Cappuyns Isabelle , Cancela Jose , Cionca Norbert , Mombelli Andrea 
Published: December 2011

Background: There is an ongoing controversy on the benefits of treatment protocols, including dental lasers and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The purpose of this study is to compare the local biologic effects of PDT, diode soft laser (DSL) therapy, and conventional deep scaling and root planing (SRP) in residual pockets.Methods: Thirty‐two individuals were included based on a history of previous treatment for periodontitis and the persistence of sites with probing depths >4 mm and bleeding on probing. Residual pockets were debrided with an ultrasonic device and then randomly assigned either to PDT, DSL, or SRP. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected before treatment, after 14 days, and at 2 and 6 months. Levels of 13 cytokines and nine acute‐phase proteins were measured using a bead‐based multiplexing analysis system.Results: Treatment with PDT, DSL, or SRP led to significant changes in several cytokines and acute‐phase proteins: Compared with baseline, levels of interleukin‐17, basic fibroblast growth factor, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1‐α were lower 14 days and 2 months after treatment. Except for granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, these differences remained significant throughout the observation period. The levels of five acute‐phase proteins (α‐2 macroglobulin, haptoglobin, serum amyloid P, procalcitonin, and tissue plasminogen activator) were significantly higher at 6 months than at baseline. No significant differences were observed among the three treatment modalities at any time point for any biochemical parameter.Conclusions: Levels of several cytokines and acute‐phase proteins significantly changed after treatment regardless of treatment modality. There was no evidence for a specific DSL‐ or PDT‐enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators.
Relationships Among Interleukin‐6, Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α, Adipokines, Vitamin D, and Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Teles Flavia R. , Teles Ricardo P. , Martin Lynn , Socransky Sigmund S. , Haffajee Anne D. 
Published: December 2011

Background: The aim of this study is to explore relationships among serum adipokines, vitamin D, and clinical and microbial parameters of chronic periodontitis before and after treatment.Methods: Weight, height, and smoking status were recorded for 56 patients with chronic periodontitis. Plaque, gingivitis, bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were measured at all teeth present. Subgingival biofilm samples from each tooth were analyzed for levels of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Serum levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and vitamin D were measured at baseline. Sample collection was then performed in a subset of the population 6 months after therapy (n = 17). Serum samples were analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and immunoassays. Differences in clinical, microbial, and serum factors among groups were sought using the Mann‐Whitney U test. Correlations among factors were evaluated using regression analysis. Effects of therapy were sought using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results: There were positive correlations between adiponectin/vitamin D and between IL‐6/leptin, negative correlations between IL‐6/vitamin D and leptin/vitamin D, but no associations between serum analytes and clinical or microbial parameters. Sex and body mass index were associated with levels of adipokines. Periodontal therapy improved clinical and microbiologic parameters but did not influence the levels of serum analytes.Conclusion: Adipokines and IL‐6 levels were affected by sex and body mass index. Serum analytes were not influenced by periodontal therapy.
A Novel Approach to the Use of Doxycycline‐Loaded Biodegradable Membrane and EDTA Root Surface Etching in Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Gamal Ahmed Y. , Kumper Radi M. 
Published: December 2011

Background: The release profile of 25% doxycycline (DOX) gel loaded on a biodegradable collagen membrane (COL) after 24% EDTA root surface etching was evaluated.Methods: Thirty systemically healthy patients, each with at least one pair of contralateral interproximal intrabony defects ≥4 mm deep, along with an interproximal probing depth ≥6 mm and clinical attachment loss ≥4 mm, were randomized into two groups. Group 1 consisted of sites treated with open‐flap debridement followed by placement of DOX gel‐loaded COL (DOX–COL), whereas group 2 sites were treated with flap surgery followed by the placement of DOX–COL after EDTA etching of the exposed root surfaces (DOX–COL + EDTA). Samples of gingival crevicular fluid were obtained 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery. Separation was performed, and quantitative measurements of DOX were taken with a high‐performance liquid chromatography. Clinical evaluation and follow‐up for 6 months were performed.Results: At 21 days, DOX–COL + EDTA group showed 5.3 μg/mL value. However, no DOX was detected in samples of the DOX–COL group. DOX–COL + EDTA‐treated group retained more DOX during the periods of 3, 7, 10, and 14 days than did the DOX–COL group.Conclusion: EDTA root surface etching could enhance DOX availability in the gingival crevicular fluid after its release from the collagen membrane.
Recent development in capillary ion chromatography technology
Authors: Yang Bingcheng , Zhang Feifang , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
This review summarizes the development of capillary ion chromatography (CIC) over approximately the last 5 years. It mainly focuses on the technologic aspects of several key components associated with CIC, including micropump, microscale electrodialytic eluent generator, microscale suppressor and the detector.
Hereditary Angioedema: Management of Laryngeal Attacks
Authors: Christiansen Sandra C. , Zuraw Bruce L. 
Published: December 2011

Background Hereditary angioedema (HAE) patients suffering from laryngeal attacks in the United States faced severely limited treatment options until 2008. These potentially life-threatening episodes occur in over one-half of the patients affected by HAE during their lifetimes. Acute therapy had been relegated to supportive care, intubation, and consideration of fresh frozen plasma (FFP)–-the latter with the potential for actually accelerating the speed and severity of the swelling. Methods In this article we will review the recently approved and emerging HAE treatments that have evolved from the recognition that bradykinin generation is the fundamental abnormality leading to attacks of angioedema. Results Acute therapy for laryngeal attacks will be discussed including purified plasma–derived C1 inhibitor (C1INH), recombinant C1INH, an inhibitor of plasma kallikrein (ecallantide), and a B2 receptor antagonist (icatibant). Prophylactic care has also been transformed from a reliance on attenuated androgens with their attendant side effects to C1INH replacement. Conclusion The arrival of these novel therapies promises to transform the future management of HAE.
Potent Immune Activation in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients upon Administration of An Oral Inducer of Endogenous Interferons that Acts via Toll-Like Receptor 7
Authors: Boonstra Andre , Liu Bi-Sheng , Groothuismink Zwier MA , Bergmann Jilling F , de Bruijne Joep , Hotho Daphne M , Hansen Bettina E , van Vliet Andre A , van de Wetering de Rooij Jeroen , Fletcher Simon P , Bauman Lisa A , Rahimy Mohamad , Appleman James R , Freddo James L , Reesink Hendrik W , de Knegt Robert J , Janssen Harry LA 
Published: December 2011

Background ANA773, an oral prodrug of a small-molecule Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 agonist, induces a dose-related decrease in serum HCV RNA levels in chronic hepatitis C patients. Methods The prodrug ANA773 was administered to healthy individuals and chronic hepatitis C patients. At different time points during the course of treatment, modulation of the phenotype and function of peripheral leukocytes were evaluated to determine the role of distinct immune cells on the clinical outcome of therapy. Results Early after administration of the TLR7 agonist, a mild transient reduction of the number of lymphocytes was observed in both healthy individuals and chronic hepatitis C patients. Moreover, repeated administration of ANA773 resulted in transiently reduced numbers of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC) in blood. Interestingly, reduced plasmacytoid DC numbers as well as increased serum interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-γ inducible protein (IP)-10 levels were observed only in virological responders (≥1 log10 IU/ml reduction of HCV RNA levels upon ANA773 treatment), but were absent in virological non-responders. In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from virological responders showed a high frequency of IFN-α-producing plasmacytoid DC upon stimulation in vitro with ANA773, whereas no IFN-α was induced in non-responders. Conclusions These findings indicate that the viral load decline in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with the TLR7 agonist ANA773 is likely due to intrinsic differences in the induction of endogenous IFNs and IFN-stimulated gene products (IFN-α and IP-10) upon TLR7 ligation.
Conservare rem publicam. Guerre et droit dans le Songe de Scipion
Authors: Moatti Claudia 
Published: December 2011

Résumé Alors que le De re publica ressemble à un traité politique grec, Le Songe de Scipion est un discours de guerre, où Cicéron offre un plaidoyer pro domo en faveur du sénatus consulte dit ultime. Précisément, l’idée de la conservation de l’État (conservare civitatem, patriam, rempublicam) se développe uniquement dans un contexte de guerre civile et de sédition, comme le confirme encore l’image récurrente du citoyen semper armatus , prêt à prendre les armes contre les séditieux. Ainsi, à la question de la continuité et de l’identité de la cité ou du peuple, à laquelle Aristote, les stoïciens ou les juristes romains ont tenté de donner une réponse politique ou juridique, Cicéron propose une réponse non « politique », qui correspond en fait à la conception idéologique de la res publica élaborée par la tradition optimate.
Studying the Land, Contesting the Land: A Select Historiographic Guide to Modern Bukovina: Volume 1: Essay
Authors: Frunchak Svetlana 
Published: December 2011

This guide surveys the historiography of Bukovina, a region adjacent to the slopes of the outer, eastern Carpathians in East Central Europe. This work is intended as an introductory guide to the historical literature on Bukovina, which is voluminous but not easily accessible to readers who are not familiar with Eastern European languages. Another purpose of this guide is to demonstrate how historiography became a tool for political and cultural controversy in a borderland region. The discourse about Bukovina’s past, or rather the multiple controversial interpretations that tend to ignore each other, suggest that ideas of nationalism and territoriality, which have provided the major framework for conceptualizing of Europe’s past and present since the late eighteenth century, continue to dominate historical writings about the region. A (linguistically equipped) student of Bukovina would be looking at a large variety of general studies and an even more striking number of period- and theme-specific studies, published at different times and in various places. The naïve researcher might be surprised to fi nd quite divergent stories about the same region: many historical studies of Bukovina illustrate what might be called the borderland syndrome of contesting shared land―different ethnic communities produce quite separate historical narratives.
Genetic diversity among Spanish pea (Pisum sativum L.) landraces, pea cultivars and the World Pisum sp. core collection assessed by retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphisms (RBIPs)
Authors: Martin-Sanz A. , Caminero C. , Jing R. , Flavell A. J. , Perez de la Vega M. 
Published: December 2011

A total of 122 accessions of different wild and cultivated Pisum sp. were analysed using retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphisms (RBIP) markers. The Pisum materials included wild and cultivated (landraces and cultivars) materials from the World core collection of the John Innes Centre (JI) representing all generally recognized Pisum taxa, landraces materials from the Spanish core collection, and commercial pea cultivars largely sown in Spain. The overall polymorphism detected by RBIP marker was high and all accessions, except two pairs, could be distinguished by their marker pattern. Principal component and phylogenetic analyses clearly discriminated P. fulvum and P. abyssinicum samples from both each other and P. sativum, while P. elatius and P. humile samples were scattered among the other taxa clusters, supporting the existence of three well defined taxa in the genus Pisum (P. abyssinicum, P. fulvum and P. sativum). These results also suggest that the Spanish pea core collection of landraces maintains a relatively high variability which is only partially represented in cultivars generally sown in Spain. Thus, Spanish landraces are still a source of genetic variability for breeding new pea cultivars.