bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of bioactivity, fluoride release, shear bond strength, and compressive strength of conventional glass ionomer cement incorporated with three inorganic bioactive nanoparticles
Authors: Pokharkar Pranjali Mahesh , Shashikiran N. D. , Gaonkar Namrata , Gugawad Sachin , Hadakar Savita , Waghmode Sonali 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Over the course of four decades, the bioactive materials have changed. They have become more specialized, more manageable, possessing superior qualities. Thus, it should be encouraged to conduct ongoing research to improve these materials even further in order to meet the growing clinical and restorative needs.

Aims and Objectives:
To evaluate and compare bioactivity, fluoride release, shear bond strength and compressive strength of conventional GIC incorporated with three inorganic bioactive nanoparticles.

Materials and Methods:
For the study, total of 160 samples were included. The samples were divided in four groups (40 samples per group) i.e. 3 wt% of forsterite (Mg2SiO4) (Group 2), wollastonite (CaSiO3) (Group 3) and niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) (Group 4) nanoparticles incorporated into GIC (Group 1). The bioactivity (FEG-SEM and EDX analysis), fluoride release (ion-selective electrode), shear bond strength testing (UTM followed by evaluation under stereomicroscope) and the compressive strength (UTM) was checked for each group.

Results:
Wollastonite nanoparticles (3wt %) incorporated to GIC showed maximum increase in the apatite crystal formation,Ca and P content and highest fluoride release. Mean shear bond strength was highest in niobium pentoxide nanoparticles (3wt %) incorporated to GIC while mean compressive strength was highest in forsterite nanoparticles (3wt %) added to GIC.

Conclusion:
Positive results were observed which showed increase in the bioactivity alongwith enhancement of the fluoride release, shear bond strength and compressive strength but further research on these materials is warranted before its use in clinical practice.
Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization in India
Authors: Shetty Ashveeta J. , Dixit Uma B. , Kirubakaran Richard 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Research Question:
To estimate the pooled prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in children from India.

Research Protocol:
The PRISMA guidelines were followed.

Literature Search:
An electronic search of the databases was performed to find prevalence studies of MIH in children above age 6 years in India.

Data Extraction:
Two authors independently extracted the data from the 16 included studies.

Quality Appraisal:
The risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies.

Data Analysis:
The pooled prevalence estimate of MIH was calculated using logit transformed data with inverse variance approach in a random-effects model with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2
statistic. The subgroups were analyzed to assess the pooled prevalence of MIH according to sex, arch-wise proportion of MIH-affected teeth, and proportion of children with the MIH phenotypes.

Results and Interpretation of Results:
Sixteen studies included in the meta-analysis represented 7 states of India. A total of 25,273 children were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of MIH in India was estimated to be 10.0% (95% CI: 0.07, 0.12) with significantly high heterogeneity between the included studies. The pooled prevalence did not vary according to sex. The pooled proportions of MIH-affected teeth were similar in the maxillary and mandibular arches. The pooled proportion of children with MH phenotype was higher (56%) than those with M + IH phenotype (44%). Further studies with standardized criteria for recording MIH are needed to ascertain the prevalence of MIH in India.
Attitude and practices of parents toward their children's oral health care during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Goswami Mridula , Grewal Monika , Garg Aditi 
Published: May 2024

Rationale:
The impact of COVID-19 has affected billions of people affecting nearly all domains of life, including patient's healthcare needs. Due to constrained dental services during lockdown, pediatric dental needs were severely compromised therefore, parental attitude and practices of maintaining child's oral hygiene impose significant impact on child's oral hygiene.

Aim:
This study aims to assess the attitude and practices of parents toward their children's oral health care during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology:
The present cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 120 parents selected randomly from the outpatient department after obtaining informed consent. A structured questionnaire was used to assess attitude and practice of parents toward their child's oral hygiene during lockdown in COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
The overall attitude and practice score of parents in maintaining their child's oral hygiene was low, with mean value of 2.36 ± 1.36 and 2.51 ± 1.50, respectively. 60.8% of parents reported the need of dental treatment for their child during the lockdown period whereas 50.8% parents contacted the dentist during this period; majority (37.5%) of which reported due to toothache. 68.3% of parents would like to visit nearby dental hospital for emergencies during lockdown period. Only 33.3% of parents took extra efforts to maintain their child's oral hygiene while 45% made dietary changes in their child's diet to prevent tooth decay.

Conclusion:
The overall attitude and practices of the parents were poor toward the oral health of their children during the lockdown period in COVID-19 pandemic. There is urgent need of increasing awareness among parents regarding the importance of maintaining their child's oral health. The inability to see the doctor should at least encourage better home practice measures for future. The concept of tele-dentistry is very new and will be the need of the coming modern times.
Evaluation of the average pulp cavity volume of primary second molar and canine for obturation of a single primary tooth
Authors: Kalaskar Ritesh , Baliga Sudhindra , Balasubramanian Shruti 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Metapex/Vitapex is one of the most commonly used obturating materials in pediatric dental practice in recent times. It is available in a premixed syringe which poses numerous practical difficulties. This study aimed to calculate the root canal volume of maxillary and mandibular canine and second molar using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to determine the quantity/grams of obturation material to obturate a single tooth (mass = density × volume).

Materials and Method:
This nonrandomized clinical trial is comprised of two parts. The first part involved calculation of average root canal volume using CBCT which was used to calculate the quantity/grams of obturating material. This predetermined quantity was used to obturate primary mandibular second molars and canines, and the quality of obturation was assessed.

Results:
Assessment of quality of obturation showed optimum length obturation in 53.33% primary second molars and 66.66% primary canines.

Conclusion:
It can be inferred that even with the use of exact predetermined quantity/grams of obturating material, optimum quality obturation could be achieved, thus avoiding wastage, preventing cross contamination, and simultaneously offering good clinical results. Hence, this study opens further gateways to device ampules containing predetermined mass of obturating material for a single use for obturation of a single primary tooth.
Comparative evaluation of effect of two relaxation breathing exercises on anxiety during buccal infiltration anesthesia in children aged 6-12 years
Authors: Bargale Seema , Khandelwal Jayesh Rupesh , Dave Bhavna Haresh , Deshpande Anshula Neeraj , Shah Susmita Shrenik , Chari Deepika Narasimha 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Dental procedures, especially local anesthetic administration, are a source of great anxiety to children. Diaphragmatic breathing is defined as an efficient integrative body–mind training for dealing with stress and psychosomatic conditions. Pinwheel exercise is also a highly effective technique of “play therapy.”

Aim:
This study aimed to compare dental anxiety using pinwheel breathing exercise and diaphragmatic breathing exercise during buccal infiltration anesthesia.

Methodology:
Sixty children in the age group of 6–12 years with Frankel's behavior rating score of 3 who required buccal infiltration local anesthesia were selected. Subjects were divided randomly into two groups, i.e., Group A: children who performed pinwheel breathing exercise and Group B: children who performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise. The level of anxiety of the patients was recorded using an animated emoji scale. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 software with paired t-test and Chi-square test.

Results:
There was a significant reduction in dental anxiety score from score 1 (before the anesthetic procedure) to score 2 (after the anesthetic procedure) in both the groups. On intergroup analysis, children who performed pinwheel breathing exercise (Group A) showed higher values than children who performed deep breathing exercise without pinwheel (Group B) with a t value of 1.42 but was not statistically significant with a P value of 0.161.

Conclusion:
Pinwheel breathing exercise as well as diaphragmatic breathing exercise proved to be significantly effective in reducing dental anxiety during local anesthesia.
The effect of sterilization and disinfection on the physical-mechanical properties of preformed crowns
Authors: Davangere Padmanabh Shital Kiran , Patel Vaidehi 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Different sizes of crowns may be tried on children since there is no universal crown size because of distinctions in tooth morphology from one child to other. During the process of trial and error, the crown gets contaminated which needs to be sterilized for reuse of crown. This study was carried out to evaluate the physical–mechanical outcome after the sterilization and disinfection of pediatric preformed crowns.

Materials and Methods:
In total, sixty crowns consisted of 20 each, stainless steel crowns (SSCs) (3M ESPE), preveneered stainless steel (Kinder Krowns), and Zirconia crowns (Kinder Krowns) which were divided into four groups. G1 in which crowns did not undergo any sterilization, G2 consisted of fast sterilization, similarly G3 was slow sterilization, and G4 underwent chemical disinfection using Korsolex Plus for 15 min. Following sterilization, all the crown samples were observed under a stereomicroscope at ×200 magnification and assessed for color change, crazing, dimensional stability, and fracturing. Post hoc Tukey test and two-way ANOVA were performed for comparison between types of crowns and sterilization methods, with a significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
There was no color change or fracturing following sterilization among crowns in any of the groups. Highest crazing was noted in stainless steel and the least in Zirconia crowns. Preveneered stainless steel was the most dimensionally stable and SSCs was the least.

Conclusion:
No color changes and fracture were noted in any type of crowns. Preveneered stainless steel was most dimensionally stable followed by Zirconia and SSCs. Maximum crazing was seen in SSCs and nil in Zirconia.
Determining caries risk susceptibility in children of Udaipur city with genetic taste sensitivity and hormonal fingerprint
Authors: Dusseja Simran Hareshkumar , Rao Dinesh , Panwar Sunil , Ameen Safna 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Propylthiouracil (PROP) (a medicated tool) and hormonal fingerprint (second to fourth digits [2D:4D]) ratio can be used for detection of caries which is most prevalent oral health disease.

Aim:
This study aims to determine the role of genetic taste sensitivity and hormonal fingerprint (2D:4D ratio) on caries risk susceptibility.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was an observational and cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 570 children aged 6–12 years. PROP sensitivity test was done by PROP impregnated filter paper strips and subjects were divided accordingly into supertasters, medium-tasters, and nontasters. 2D:4D ratio was obtained by measuring length ratio of index to ring finger using Vernier caliper. Dietary preferences of the subjects were recorded. The evaluation of decayed, missing, and filled teeth/deft indices was done.

Statistical Analysis:
Intergroup comparisons were performed using One-way ANOVA test, independent t-test and Chi-square test at 5% significance level.

Results:
Positive correlation between nontasters, low digit ratio, sweet likers, and high caries index was found with a high significant difference.

Conclusion:
Genetic taste sensitivity and hormonal fingerprint (biological marker) can be used for detection of caries as the present research confirmed impact of hormones on taste perception.
Comparison of staining potential of silver diamine fluoride versus silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide under tooth-colored restorations
Authors: Vennela Ealy , Sharada J. , Hasanuddin Shaik , Suhasini K. , Hemachandrika I. , Singh P. Tara 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is one of the effectual cariostatic agents widely used in minimal intervention dentistry. However, the major drawback of SDF is dark staining after its application.

Aim:
In the present study, the staining of 38% SDF alone and 38% SDF and potassium iodide (KI) was compared after restoration with glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and resin composite using ImageJ software.

Methods and Material:
Forty extracted carious primary teeth were sorted into four groups. In Group I and II, SDF was applied and restored with GIC and composite restorations, respectively. In Group III and IV, SDF application was followed by KI and restored with GIC and composite restorations, respectively. Images were captured after initial applications on day 1 and day 14 after restoration. The captured images were imported to ImageJ software and mean gray values were calculated.

Statistical Analysis:
The mean gray values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using paired t-test and independent sample t-test. There was statistically significant if P < 0.05.

Results:
Following the application of SDF and RIVA STAR, the baseline mean gray values showed no statistical significance. On day 1, the mean gray values were highest in Group IV (208.30) and lowest in Group I (178.51). Similarly, on day 14, the highest mean gray values were observed in Group IV (208.45) and lowest in Group I (147.6) which were statistically significant.

Conclusions:
The restorations after SDF application attained dark stain eventually, whereas with the application of SDF followed by KI (RIVA STAR), the restorations showed the least staining.
Baby-Risk of malocclusion assessment index
Authors: Jahanimoghadam Fatemeh , Nikzad Sajad , Ahmadipour Habibeh , Sadeghi Samaneh , Aftabi Reyhaneh 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Preventive orthodontic treatments are performed in the primary or mixed dentition period and provide a proper development of occlusion to avoid dentofacial anomalies.

Aims:
This study aims to evaluate the Baby-Risk of Malocclusion Assessment Index (ROMA) index regarding ease of use, reproducibility, and the epidemiological assessment of major orthodontic problems in children aged 4–6-year-old in Kerman (Iran) kindergartens.

Setting and Design:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 children aged 4–6 in Kerman (Iran) kindergartens, selected by cluster sampling, and data were collected using the Baby-ROMA index.

Methods:
After recording a demographic data collection form, the clinical examination of the teeth was carried out by a dental student. The data were analyzed with SPSS 18 using t-test, analysis of variance, Chi-squared test, and Mann–Whitney test at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:
In this study, the most common cause of malocclusion was dental caries (7.5%), followed by crossbite (6.1%). Furthermore, 31.6% of the subjects had one type of malocclusion, and 20.5% needed monitoring the occlusion before the growth spurt, while 11.1% needed immediate orthodontic treatment (mostly 6-year-old children). Moreover, 15.3% of the subjects had systemic problems; 3.4% had craniofacial, 22% had dental, and 2% had functional problems. The prevalence of class I canine relationship in the right canines was 82.32%, with 82.5% on the left side. The prevalence of open bite was higher in females with thumb-sucking habit.

Conclusion:
The Baby-ROMA index presented good reliability and ease of use for evaluating early orthodontic treatment needs in primary and mixed dentition periods.
Is the combination of conventional ultrafiltration and modified ultrafiltration superior to modified ultrafiltration in pediatric open-heart surgery?
Authors: Singh Sanjeev , Singh Arti , Rahman Mustafa Mohammad Ateequr , Mahrous Deigheidy Ehab , Singh Langpoklakpam Chaoba 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during open-heart surgery is associated with increased body fluids as a consequence of hemodilution due to the use of CPB. Ultrafiltration (UF) is a method used to decrease the body fluid volume on CPB.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to compare the effects of combined conventional UF (CUF) and modified UF (MUF) versus MUF on the clinical outcomes of pediatric patients undergoing open-heart surgery for congenital heart disease.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective, single-center, randomized, and double-blinded clinical study that involved 74 pediatric patients undergoing open-heart surgery on CPB. Patient management was standardized. Preoperative Aristotle comprehensive complexity level, ultrafiltrate volumes, hematocrit, hemodynamic data, transesophageal echocardiographically (TEE) determined ejection fraction (EF), fractional area change (FAC), temperature drift, arterial oxygenation, time of extubation, ventilation, comparison of inotropic drugs, postoperative chest tube drainage, cardiac care unit (CCU), and hospital length of stay (LOS) were recorded in both groups. The analysis was conducted using SPSS-23.0, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA.

Results:
There was no mortality in both groups. Technical difficulties prevented the completion of MUF in two patients out of 37 in the CUF + MUF group. In this study, there were 43.26% of females and 56.75% of males, with a median age of 439 days, a mean weight of 9.98 kg, and an Aristotle Comprehensive Complexity score of level 2. Group CUF + MUF had a greater ultrafiltrate volume of 122 ± 39.7 ml (P = 0.036). The duration of ventilatory support was 11.2 ± 6.4 h versus 34.4 ± 5.7 h (P = 0.013), average CCU LOS was 4.3 ± 3.5 days versus 7.2 ± 3.6 days (P = 0.008), and chest tube drain in the first 48 h was 89.76 ± 34.82 ml versus 106.65 ± 47.29 ml (P = 0.029) in groups CUF + MUF and MUF, respectively. Inotropic infusion requirements were significantly lower in the CUF + MUF group compared to the MUF group. EF and FAC were 14% and 5% higher at 45 min in group CUF + MUF, respectively.

Conclusions:
The advantage of combining CUF and MUF over MUF is the significant improvement in the hemodynamic status of patients, which significantly decreases the duration of mechanical ventilation, average CCU LOS, inotrope requirements after surgery, and chest tube drain in the first 48 h.
“Comparison of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block:” A randomized double-blind prospective study
Authors: Singh Taiyenjam Kennedy , Kumar Kuruva Anil , Singh Tongbram Yashobanta 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The supraclavicular approach to the brachial plexus block is a regional anesthetic technique used as an alternative or adjunct to general anesthesia or used for postoperative pain control for upper extremity surgeries (midhumerus through the hand) and is characteristically associated with a rapid onset of anesthesia and a high success rate. With the increased availability of ultrasound in clinical practice, there is increased ability to identify the plexus with avoidance of vascular and pleural structures, with real time visualization of the needle.

Objective:
The objective of the study is to compare the efficacy of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective, comparative study in patients who underwent upper limb surgeries. Group BD (n = 30): 0.5% inj bupivacaine(1.5mg/kg) with 1mcg/kg of inj. dexmedetomidine Group BF(n=30) : 0.5% inj bupivacaine(1.5mg/kg) with 1mcg/kg of inj.fentanyl data analysis was done using SPSS 17.0.

Results:
The time taken for the onset of sensory and motor blockade was shortened in Group BD compared to Group BF and it was statistically significant. The total duration of sensory, motor blockade, and analgesia was significantly prolonged in Group BD compared to Group BF.

Conclusion:
Our study shows the onset of sensory blockade was 8.53 ± 1.72 min in the dexmedetomidine group (BD) and 14.80 ± 1.73 min in the fentanyl group (BF) with P = 0.0001 which is statistically highly significant. Addition of dexmedetomidine was better in shortening the onset time of block, in prolonging the duration of supraclavicular brachial plexus block and in improving the postoperative analgesia than the addition of fentanyl used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine and it was without significant adverse effects in patients undergoing upper limb surgeries (mid-humerus through the hand).