bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing visual behaviour in a lineup task
Authors: Mansour Jamal K. , Lindsay R. C. L. , Brewer Neil , Munhall K. G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEye tracking was used to monitor participants' visual behaviour while viewing lineups in order to determine whether gaze behaviour predicted decision accuracy. Participants viewed taped crimes followed by simultaneous lineups. Participants (N = 34) viewed 4 target‐present and 4 target‐absent lineups. Decision time, number of fixations and duration of fixations differed for selections vs. non‐selections. Correct and incorrect selections differed only in terms of comparison‐type behaviour involving the selected face. Correct and incorrect non‐selections could be distinguished by decision time, number of fixations and duration of fixations on the target or most‐attended face and comparisons. Implications of visual behaviour for judgment strategy (relative vs. absolute) are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Deoxygenation of 1,2‐Propanediol to Give n‐Propanol
Authors: Schlaf Marcel , Ghosh Prasenjit , Fagan Paul J. , Hauptman Elisabeth , Bullock R. Morris 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageDeoxygenation of 1,2‐propanediol (1.0 M in sulfolane) catalyzed by bis(dicarbonyl)(μ‐hydrido)(pentamethylcyclopentadiene)ruthenium trifluoromethanesulfonate ({[Cp*Ru(CO)2]2(μ‐H)}+OTf−) (0.5 mol%) at 110 °C under hydrogen (750 psi) in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (HOTf) (60 mM) gives n‐propanol as the major product, indicating high selectivity for deoxygenation of the internal hydroxy group over the terminal hydroxy group of the diol. The deoxygenation of 1,2‐propanediol is strongly influenced by the concentration of acid, giving faster rates and proceeding to higher conversions as the concentration of HOTf is increased. Propionaldehyde was observed as an intermediate, being formed through acid‐catalyzed dehydration of 1,2‐propanediol. This aldehyde is hydrogenated to n‐propanol through an ionic pathway involving protonation of the aldehyde, followed by hydride transfer from the neutral hydride, dicarbonyl(pentamethylcyclopentadiene)ruthenium hydride [Cp*Ru(CO)2H]. The proposed mechanism for the deoxygenation/hydrogenation reaction involves formation of a highly acidic dihydrogen complex [Cp*Ru(CO)2(η2‐H2)]+ OTf−.
Transition Metal‐Catalysed, Direct and Site‐Selective N1‐, C2‐ or C3‐Arylation of the Indole Nucleus: 20 Years of Improvements
Authors: Joucla Lionel , Djakovitch Laurent 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe direct and site‐selective transition metal‐catalysed N1‐, C2‐ or C3‐arylations of indoles have been the subject of almost continuous improvements since their discovery in early 1980s. This research area is mainly motivated by the biological relevance of this class of compounds in order to propose catalytic alternative syntheses to the well known methodologies involving the formation of the indole ring like the Fischer, Larock, Cacchi, Lautens etc. reactions. Since the late 1990s it has experienced new impulses related to the intensive development of catalytic CH activation. Today, through the intensive studies of Buchwald and Hartwig, the N1‐arylation of indoles has reached sufficient maturity for both academic and industrial applications. On the other hand, the selective C2‐ or C3‐arylation of indoles, initiated by Ohta in the middle 1980s, has become a hot research area these last years following the reports of Sames. Surprisingly, only few reports concern the use of heterogeneous catalysts; however, the application of these emerging methodologies seems to be related to the discovery of industrially attractive systems.
Capillary forces between two solid spheres linked by a concave liquid bridge: Regions of existence and forces mapping
Authors: Megias‐Alguacil David , Gauckler Ludwig J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article focuses on the capillary interactions arising when two spherical particles are connected by a concave liquid bridge. This scenario is found in many situations where particles are partially wetted by a liquid, like liquid films stabilized with nanoparticles. We analyze different parameters governing the liquid bridge: interparticle separation, wetting angle and liquid volume. The results are compiled in a liquid volume‐wetting angle diagram in which the regions of existence (stability) or inexistence (instability) of the bridge are outlined and the possible maximum and minimal particle distances for which the liquid bridge may be found. Calculations of the capillary forces discriminate those conditions for which such force is repulsive or attractive. The results are plotted in form of maps that allow an easy understanding of the stability of a liquid bridge and the conditions at which it may be produced for the two particle model. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Impact of vitamin D deficiency on the clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Ng Alvin C. , Kumar Shaji K. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Drake Matthew T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractVitamin D is a fundamental mediator of skeletal metabolism. It also has important nonskeletal actions. We hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency may play an important role in skeletal morbidity and clinical outcomes in MM. We studied 148 newly diagnosed MM patients from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2008 who had a serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] obtained within 14 days of diagnosis. Subjects with vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D level less than 50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL)] had higher mean values of serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) (2.40 mg/L vs. 0.84 mg/L, P = 0.02) and creatinine (1.75 mg/dL vs. 1.24 mg/dL, P = 0.03) and lower serum albumin values (3.12 g/dL vs. 3.39 g/dL, P = 0.003) compared to subjects without vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency increased in parallel with International Staging System (ISS): 16% of subjects in Stage I, 20% in Stage II, and 37% in Stage III (P = 0.03) were vitamin D deficient. No differences were detected between the two groups in terms of skeletal morbidity. Association of vitamin D deficiency with higher serum CRP, serum creatinine and ISS stage at time of diagnosis suggests that vitamin D deficiency may portend poorer outcomes in subjects with MM. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does being an orphan decrease the nutritional status of Luo children?
Authors: Zidron Amy M. , Juma Elizabeth , Ice Gillian H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe HIV/AIDS pandemic is creating a generation of orphaned children in Africa. The number of orphans will continue to increase long after the HIV/AIDS crisis has peaked; therefore, it is important to determine how best to assist these children. Current studies investigating the impact of orphanhood have conflicting results and conclusions. Several studies report that orphans are at a disadvantage and are more likely to suffer from malnutrition, whereas other studies report no difference between the nutritional status of orphans and nonorphans. Four hundred eleven Luo children (mean age 9 ± 1 years) were recruited to participate in a study investigating the impact of orphanhood on nutritional status. Participants underwent an interview, anthropometric measurements, testing for anemia, a clinical history, and a physical exam. Anthropometric variables and hemoglobin level were compared across groups using a t‐test. The reference population used for comparison of anthropometric variables is the 2000 CDC growth reference data. All analyses were gender specific, and the effect of length of orphanhood was also investigated. The data presented here suggest that there is no significant difference between the nutritional status of orphaned and nonorphaned Luo children. This study supports research indicating there is little, if any, difference in nutritional indicators between orphans and nonorphans. Orphans may live in households with higher socioeconomic statuses than nonorphans. Luo orphans may not be at higher risk for poor nutritional status than nonorphans; therefore, interventions targeted at this age group should include both orphaned and nonorphaned children. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A geometric morphometric approach to the quantification of population variation in sub‐Saharan African crania
Authors: Franklin Daniel , Cardini Andrea , Oxnard Charles E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report here on new data examining cranial variation in 18 modern human sub‐Saharan African populations. Previously, we investigated variation within southern Africa; we now extend our analyses to include a series of Central, East, and West African crania, to further knowledge of the relationships between, and variation and regional morphological patterning in, those populations. The sample comprises 377 male individuals; the three‐dimensional coordinates of 96 landmarks are analyzed using Procrustes‐based methods. Interpopulation variation is examined by calculating shape distances between groups, which are compared using resampling statistics and parametric tests. Phenotypic variance, as a proxy for genetic variance, is measured and compared across populations. Principal components and cluster analyses are employed to explore relationships between the populations. Shape differences are visualized using three‐dimensional rendered models. Observed disparity patterns imply a mix of differences and similarities across populations, with no apparent support for genetic bottlenecks, which is likely a consequence of migrations that may have influenced differences in cranial form; supporting data are found in recent molecular studies. The Pygmy sample had the most distinctive cranial morphology; characteristically small in size with marked prognathism. These features characterized, although less strongly, the neighboring Bateke, and are possibly related to similar selective pressures in conjunction with interbreeding. Small cranial size is also involved in the considerable distinctiveness of the San and Khoikhoi. The statistical procedures applied in this study afford a powerful and robust means of quantifying and visualizing the magnitude and pattern of cranial variation between sub‐Saharan African populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short‐ and long‐term consequences of early parental loss in the historical population of the Krummhörn (18th and 19th century)
Authors: Willführ Kai P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe impact of the early loss of one's father or one's mother on the survival and age at death of children was investigated on the basis of a historical reconstitution of families from the Krummhörn (East Frisia/Ostfriesland; Germany) with the aid of Kaplan‐Meier plots and the Cox regression. In our analyses, we took into account the changed situation of the family after the death of a parent by incorporating the surviving spouse's remarriage or relationships with stepparents. We find that the impact on survival of the children was sex‐specific and also depended on whether and at what point in time during childhood their father or mother had died. As expected, children's immediate survival was strongly affected by maternal loss. A few results can be construed as survival diminishing long‐term consequences of the early loss of a parent. Daughters who lost their fathers before their first birthday proved to have increased mortality over a longer period of their youth. The age at death of daughters was also lowered if they had to live with a step‐mother during early childhood. To interpret these results, three hypotheses, including an (intrinsic) trade‐off, compensation and a selection scenario, were tested. Other approaches, which are based, for example, on the extrinsic trade‐off between mating effort and parental investment of the surviving parent, also appear to be suitable as an explanation for the long‐term consequences, which eventually draws the conclusion that the compensation scenario is the most likely explanation for the consequences of early parental loss. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A linkage search for joint panic disorder/bipolar genes
Authors: Logue Mark W. , Durner Martina , Heiman Gary A. , Hodge Susan E. , Hamilton Steven P. , Knowles James A. , Fyer Abby J. , Weissman Myrna M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThere is comorbidity and a possible genetic connection between Bipolar disease (BP) and panic disorder (PD). Genes may exist that increase risk to both PD and BP. We explored this possibility using data from a linkage study of PD (120 multiplex families; 37 had ≥1 BP member). We calculated 2‐point lodscores maximized over male and female recombination fractions by classifying individuals with PD and/or BP as affected (PD + BP). Additionally, to shed light on possible heterogeneity, we examine the pedigrees containing a bipolar member (BP+) separately from those that do not (BP−), using a Predivided‐Sample Test (PST). Linkage evidence for common genes for PD + BP was obtained on chromosomes 2 (lodscore = 4.6) and chromosome 12 (lodscore = 3.6). These locations had already been implicated using a PD‐only diagnosis, although at both locations this was larger when a joint PD + BP diagnosis was used. Examining the BP+ families and BP− families separately indicates that both BP+ and BP− pedigrees are contributing to the peaks on chromosomes 2 and 12. However, the PST indicates different evidence of linkage is obtained from BP+ and BP− pedigrees on chromosome 13. Our findings are consistent with risk loci for the combined PD + BP phenotype on chromosomes 2 and 12. We also obtained evidence of heterogeneity on chromosome 13. The regions on chromosomes 12 and 13 identified here have previously been implicated as regions of interest for multiple psychiatric disorders, including BP. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of n‐type voltage‐dependent calcium channels in autoimmune optic neuritis
Authors: Gadjanski Ivana , Boretius Susann , Williams Sarah K. , Lingor Paul , Knöferle Johanna , Sättler Muriel B. , Fairless Richard , Hochmeister Sonja , Sühs Kurt‐Wolfram , Michaelis Thomas , Frahm Jens , Storch Maria K. , Bähr Mathias , Diem Ricarda 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of voltage‐dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) in axon degeneration during autoimmune optic neuritis.MethodsCalcium ion (Ca2+) influx into the optic nerve (ON) through VDCCs was investigated in a rat model of optic neuritis using manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and in vivo calcium imaging. After having identified the most relevant channel subtype (N‐type VDCCs), we correlated immunohistochemistry of channel expression with ON histopathology. In the confirmatory part of this work, we performed a treatment study using ω‐conotoxin GVIA, an N‐type specific blocker.ResultsWe observed that pathological Ca2+influx into ONs during optic neuritis is mediated via N‐type VDCCs. By analyzing the expression of VDCCs in the inflamed ONs, we detected an upregulation of α1B, the pore‐forming subunit of N‐type VDCCs, in demyelinated axons. However, high expression levels were also found on macrophages/activated microglia, and lower levels were detected on astrocytes. The relevance of N‐type VDCCs for inflammation‐induced axonal degeneration and the severity of optic neuritis was corroborated by treatment with ω‐conotoxin GVIA. This blocker led to decreased axon and myelin degeneration in the ONs together with a reduced number of macrophages/activated microglia. These protective effects were confirmed by analyzing the spinal cords of the same animals.InterpretationWe conclude that N‐type VDCCs play an important role in inflammation‐induced axon degeneration via two mechanisms: First, they directly mediate toxic Ca2+influx into the axons; and second, they contribute to macrophage/microglia function, thereby promoting secondary axonal damage. Ann Neurol 2009;66:81–93
Vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer for diabetic polyneuropathy: A randomized, double‐blinded trial
Authors: Ropper Allan H. , Gorson Kenneth C. , Gooch Clifton L. , Weinberg David H. , Pieczek Ann , Ware James H. , Kershen Joshua , Rogers Adam , Simovic Drasko , Schratzberger Peter , Kirchmair Rudolf , Losordo Douglas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveRandomized, blinded trial of intramuscular gene transfer using plasmid vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to treat diabetic polyneuropathy.MethodsDiabetic patients with polyneuropathy were randomized to receive a VEGF‐to‐placebo ratio of 3:1. Three sets of injections were given at eight standardized sites adjacent to the sciatic, peroneal, and tibial nerves of one leg. Primary outcomes were change in symptom score at 6 months and a prespecified overall clinical and electrophysiological improvement score. Secondary outcomes were differences in symptoms, examination scores, visual analog pain scale, nerve conduction, and quantitative sensory testing.ResultsThirty‐nine patients received plasmid VEGF and 11 received placebo. Mean symptom score improved in both legs at 6 months, favoring VEGF over placebo (−1.2 ± 0.5 vs −0.9 ± 0.5; p < 0.01 after adjustment for change in the untreated leg) and compared with the untreated leg (−0.7 ± 0.5; p = 0.02). The region of sensory loss and visual analog pain scale improved in the treated group (−1.5 vs −0.5; p = 0.01). Twelve of 39 VEGF versus 2 of 11 placebo patients met criterion for overall improvement. Other measures including nerve conduction potentials did not improve. There were 84 adverse events in VEGF patients, and 22 were serious; there were 51 events in placebo patients, and 2 were serious.InterpretationIntramuscular plasmid VEGF gene transfer improved diabetic neuropathic symptoms, meeting primary end‐point criteria for efficacy but not affecting most secondary measures. Treatment was associated with more serious adverse events that did not reach statistical significance. These results are not conclusive but may justify further clinical study. Ann Neurol 2009;65:386–393
Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and neurotrophin‐3 gene therapy prevents motor decline in an X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy mouse model
Authors: Mastroeni Roberto , Bensadoun Jean‐Charles , Charvin Delphine , Aebischer Patrick , Pujol Aurora , Raoul Cédric 
Published: March 2009

AbstractX‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD) is the most common inherited peroxisomal disorder characterized by a progressive demyelination of the central nervous system. The marked loss of myelin and oligodendrocytes observed in the disease prompted us to evaluate the therapeutic potential of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and neurotrophin‐3, two potent inducers of myelin formation and oligodendrocyte survival. Viral vectors engineered to produce insulin‐like growth factor‐1 or neurotrophin‐3 were administrated into the cerebrospinal fluid of an X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy mouse model. We show that viral‐based, long‐lasting delivery of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and neurotrophin‐3 significantly halts the progression of the disease and leads to potent protective effect against the demyelination process. Ann Neurol 2009;66:117–122
A novel Nav1.7 mutation producing carbamazepine‐responsive erythromelalgia
Authors: Fischer Tanya Z. , Gilmore Elaine S. , Estacion Mark , Eastman Emmanuella , Taylor Sean , Melanson Michel , Dib‐Hajj Sulayman D. , Waxman Stephen G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveHuman and animal studies have shown that Nav1.7 sodium channels, which are preferentially expressed within nociceptors and sympathetic neurons, play a major role in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Inherited erythromelalgia (IEM) has been linked to gain‐of‐function mutations of Nav1.7. We now report a novel mutation (V400M) in a three‐generation Canadian family in which pain is relieved by carbamazepine (CBZ).MethodsWe extracted genomic DNA from blood samples of eight members of the family, and the sequence ofSCN9Acoding exons was compared with the reference Nav1.7 complementary DNA. Wild‐type Nav1.7 and V400M cell lines were then analyzed using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording for changes in activation, deactivation, steady‐state inactivation, and ramp currents.ResultsWhole‐cell patch‐clamp studies of V400M demonstrate changes in activation, deactivation, steady‐state inactivation, and ramp currents that can produce dorsal root ganglia neuron hyperexcitability that underlies pain in these patients. We show that CBZ, at concentrations in the human therapeutic range, normalizes the voltage dependence of activation and inactivation of this inherited erythromelalgia mutation in Nav1.7 but does not affect these parameters in wild‐type Nav1.7.InterpretationOur results demonstrate a normalizing effect of CBZ on mutant Nav1.7 channels in this kindred with CBZ‐responsive inherited erythromelalgia. The selective effect of CBZ on the mutant Nav1.7 channel appears to explain the ameliorative response to treatment in this kindred. Our results suggest that functional expression and pharmacological studies may provide mechanistic insights into hereditary painful disorders. Ann Neurol 2009;65:733–741
Circulating endothelial microparticles as a marker of cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Jung Keun‐Hwa , Chu Kon , Lee Soon‐Tae , Park Hee‐Kwon , Bahn Jae‐Jun , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Kim Jin‐Hee , Kim Manho , Kun Lee Sang , Roh Jae‐Kyu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveCirculating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) have been reported to reflect vascular damage. Detailed profiling of these blood endothelial markers may adumbrate the pathogenesis of stroke or enable determination of the risk for stroke. We investigated EMP profiles in patients at risk for cerebrovascular disease.MethodsWe prospectively examined 348 consecutive patients: 73 patients with acute stroke and 275 patients with vascular risk factors but no stroke events. We quantified various types of EMPs by flow cytometry using CD31, CD42b, annexin V (AV), and CD62E antibodies in the peripheral blood of patients. This method allowed fractionation of CD31+/CD42b−, CD31+/AV+, and CD62E+ EMPs. Clinical and laboratory factors associated with EMPs were assessed.ResultsRecent ischemic episodes were found to be more strongly associated with greater CD62E+ EMP levels than with levels of other phenotypes. Increased National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores and infarct volumes in acute stroke patients were significantly associated with greater CD62E+ EMP levels. In the risk factor group, patients with extracranial arterial stenosis had greater CD62E+ EMP levels, whereas those with intracranial arterial stenosis had greater CD31+/CD42b− and CD31+/AV+ EMP levels. The ratio of CD62E+ to CD31+/CD42b− or CD31+/AV+ EMP level significantly discriminated extracranial and intracranial arterial stenosis.InterpretationCirculating EMP phenotypic profiles reflect distinct phenotypes of cerebrovascular disease and are markers of vascular pathology and an increased risk for ischemic stroke. Ann Neurol 2009;66:191–199
Advances in the basic and clinical science of migraine
Authors: Charles Andrew 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMigraine continues to be an elephant in the room of medicine: massively common and a heavy burden on patients and their healthcare providers, yet the recipient of relatively little attention for research, education, and clinical resources. Its visibility is gradually increasing, however, as advances in genetics, imaging, epidemiology, and pharmacology produce a more definitive understanding of the condition, and identify more specific and effective treatments. Rapid evolution of concepts regarding its prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical management is leading to growing recognition of migraine as a fundamentally important disorder of the nervous system. Ann Neurol 2009;65:491–498