bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction and intracellular killing ofCandida albicansblastospores by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes, monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages in aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Authors: THOMPSON H L , WILTON J M A 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYPolymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages were capable of interacting with opsonized C. albicans in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Superoxide anion release by these cells was inhibited in anaerobic conditions while lysozyme release and phagocytosis were equally efficient in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. All cell types tested were capable of intracellular killing of C. albicans and this appeared to be maximum at 6 h for monocytes and macrophages and 24 h For PMN. Monocytes killed the lowest number of organisms, 1·106, and the killing was similar for aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In contrast, PMN and macrophages demonstrated greater killing of C. albicans in aerobic conditions compared with anaerobic conditions: PMN killed 1.9 ± 106 organisms and macrophages 3 ± 106 when incubated anaerobically. Inhibitors of oxygen metabolism decreased intracellular killing of C. albicans by macrophages and PMN in aerobic but not anaerobic conditions. The oxygen reaction products involved in the killing of C. albicans appeared to be different however: macrophage killing was decreased by superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide inhibitors. PMN killing was decreased by superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid and hydroxyl radical inhibitors. The present study shows that although monocytes, macrophages and PMN function similarly in their interaction with C. albicans, they appear to use different oxygen reactive products for the intracellular killing of C. albicans.
Cell phenotypes in the efferent lymph of sheep persistently infected with Border disease virus
Authors: ENTRICAN G , HOPKINS J , MACLEAN M , MCCONNELL I , NETTLETON P F 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe prefemoral efferent lymphatics of sheep persistently infected (PI) with Border disease virus (BDV) were cannulated in order to study the effects of the virus on cells of the immune system. Efferent lymphocytes recovered from PI sheep were phenotyped using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) specific for ovine cell-surface markers and compared to lymphocytes recovered from normal, healthy controls. PI sheep had an increased percentage of cells expressing the T cell-associated molecules CD5, CD4, CD8 and TI9, also an increase in cells expressing CD1 and a population of cells expressing low levels of the T19 molecule which was not present in control sheep. The lymphocytes were examined for the presence of BDV using virus-specific MoAb. On average 8.5% of the efferent lymphocytes from PI sheep carried virus antigen. BDV antigen was also found in the mononuclear cells and connective tissue of lymph nodes indicating widespread virus dissemination within the lymphoid system of PI sheep.
Peripheral catabolism of CR1 (the C3b receptor, CD35) on erythrocytes from healthy individuals and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: COHEN J H M , LUTZ H U , PENNAFORTE J L , BOUCHARD A , KAZATCHKINE M D 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe present study investigated the rate of catabolism of CR1 (the C3b receptor, CD35) on erythrocytes (E) in vivo, in relationship with the expressed number of CR1/E, the CR1.1. Hin dIII quantitative CR1 polymorphism, and cell age. The relationship between the number of CR1/E and cell age was analysed by measuring G6PDH activity in E that had been sorted according to high or low expression of CR1 (CD35), by assessing the expression of CR1 (CD35)on E separated according to cell density, and by comparing the number of CR1 (CD35) antigenic sites on reticulocytes and on E. A physiological catabolism of CR1 (CD35) manifested by a reduction in the number of CR1 (CD35) antigenic sites/E with cell ageing was consistently observed in healthy individuals. The number of CR1/E decreased with ageing of E according to a complex pattern that associated an exponential decay and an offset. Calculated half-lives of CR1 (CD35) ranged between 11 and 32 days in healthy individuals. A more rapid loss of CR1 (CD35) with cell ageing occurred on cells from individuals expressing high numbers of CR1/E. In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). half-lives of CR1 (CD35) on E were in the same range as those of healthy individuals with a similar quantitative CR1 genotype; the number of CR1 (CD35) on reticulocytes was reduced and linearly related to the number of CR1/E, independently of the patients' quantitative CR1 genotype. Transfusion experiments with E bearing high or low amounts of CR1/E indicated the lack of preferential removal of E bearing high numbers of CR1 (CD35) in patients with SLE. These results indicate that the rate of loss of CR1 (CD35) from E with cell ageing is directly related to the quantitative CR1 phenotype and suggest that enhanced peripheral catabolism is not the sole mechanism of the acquired loss of CR1 (CD35) on E in patients with SLE.
Abnormal urothelial HLA-DR expression in interstitial cystitis
Authors: CHRISTMAS T J , BOTTAZZO G F 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYInterstitial cystitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the urinary bladder that predominantly afflicts middle-age women. The end stage of the disease is ulceration of the urothelium, the so-called Hunner's ulcer. The aetiology of interstitial cystitis remains obscure. We have studied bladder biopsies from 22 cases of interstitial cystitis and control groups consisting of six cases of bacterial cystitis and eight healthy women. Indirect immunofluorescence was performed on the biopsies using murine MoAbs to human HLA class I molecules, and class II molecules, HLA-DP, HLA-DQ and HLA-DR. In interstitial cystitis, bacterial cystitis and normal controls most cells expressed HLA class I products. In six cases of interstitial cystitis and one case of bacterial cystitis there was evidence of HLA class I hyperexpression. In normal bladder and bacterial cystitis HLA class II expression was restricted to submucosal dendritic cells. Langerhans cells macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and activated lymphocytes. All but two cases of interstitial cystitis showed surface expression of HLA-DR (but not HLA-DP or DQ). In all cases of interstitial cystitis there was an increase in the numbers of macrophages, activated lymphocytes and vascular endothelial cells expressing HLA class II molecules within the submucosa. These findings provide further evidence for the importance of inappropriate HLA molecule expression in a disease suspected of having an autoimmune pathogenesis and where cellular autoimmune mechanisms play a decisive role in the destruction of the target cells - the bladder urothelium.
Suppression of efferent limb of testicular autoimmune response by a regulatory CD4+ T cell line in mice
Authors: ITOH M , MUKASA A , TOKUNAGA Y , HIRAMINE C , HOJO K 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYA murine T cell line (designated as C.Ts) as a mediator of suppression of experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) was established. The method of establishment of C.Ts cell line was preparing spleen cells from C3H/He mice hyperimmunized with testicular germ cells (TC) and the repeated selection of the lymphocytes in vitro by stimulation with mouse testicular antigens (mTA). The C.Ts cells were Thy 1.2+, surface immunoglobulin, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8−. The cells could suppress the induction of EAO when transferred into actively EAO-sensitized mice only at the pre-clinical stage of the disease (efferent limb of the autoimmune response). The transferred C.Ts cells significantly inhibited both cellular and humoral immune responses to TC in the recipients in an antigen-specific manner. The disease suppression by C.Ts cells was found to depend upon their cell number, and their suppressive activity was markedly augmented by in vitro stimulation with mTA.
The structure of two IgMs showing different activity from a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia
Authors: MÉNDEZ E , OSUNA C , SÁNCHEZ A , REVILLA Y , SORIANO F , MONTALBÁN C , SEGUÍ J , AVILA J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe two monoclonal IgMs (IgM1 and IgM2) were characterized from a patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia that resulted in a gammapathy. Heavy and light chains were isolated from the IgM. The complete primary structure of the two light chains and the NH2-terminal region of the two heavy chain molecules were determined. The sequence data indicated that the heavy and light chains from both IgMs belong to the same (III and II) lambda subgroups. By testing their antibody activity it was found by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting that only IgM2 reacts with an intermediate filament protein.
Induction of lymphocyte proliferation by antigen-pulsed human neutrophils
Authors: PRIOR C , TOWNSEND P J , HUGHES D A , HASLAM P L 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe have investigated whether purified antigen-pulsed human neutrophils can induce a proliferative response in purified resting blood lymphocytes. Neutrophils were pulsed with soluble tetanus toxoid (dose range 25–250 Lf/ml) and co-cultured with autologous lymphocytes that had been depleted of MHC class II expressing cells. The antigen-pulsed neutrophils induced an increase of lymphocyte proliferation which was dependent on the antigen dose and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios. Neutrophils were less potent than autologous monocytes in stimulating lymphocyte proliferation. Blocking with a monoclonal antibody to a common determinant of the human MHC class II complex failed to reduce the lymphoproliferative effects and allogenic antigen-pulsed neutrophils were also able to elicit lymphocyte proliferation similar to autologous neutrophils. We conclude that antigen-pulsed neutrophils are able to induce lymphocyte proliferation in a non-MHC-restricted fashion.
Vaccination and genetic experiments demonstrate that adjuvant-oil-induced arthritis and homologous type II collagen-induced arthritis in the same rat strain are different diseases
Authors: HOLMDAHL R , KVICK C 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe DA rat is highly susceptible to induction of arthritis after immunization with homologous type II collagen (CII) emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA), resulting in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The DA rat also develops arthritis after injection of FIA alone (oil-induced arthritis (OIA)). This finding allows a direct comparison of two different models for rheumatoid arthritis; one induced with a defined auto-immunogen and one with a pure adjuvant. Both CIA and OIA develop approximately 2 weeks after induction but OIA is a self-limited acute disease whereas CIA induced with homologous CII follows a chronic disease course. Immunization with CII leads to a strong autoantibody response to CII while injection of FIA leads to no or very limited anti-CII antibody response. The Lewis rat develops neither CIA nor OIA while FI(DA ± Lewis) rats develop CIA but not OIA. Olive oil or CII emulsified in olive oil does not induce arthritis in DA rats. Pretreatment with CII in olive oil vaccinates against CIA but not OIA whereas pretreatment with FIA vaccinates against OIA but not CIA. These findings demonstrate that inclusion of CII in the adjuvant leads to a disease distinct from OIA which is characterized by a CII autoimmune response and chronicity of the disease course.
Modulation of the cellular immune response during Plasmodium falciparum infections in sickle cell trait individuals
Authors: ABU-ZEID Y A , THEANDER T G , ABDULHADI N H , HVIID L , SAEED B O , JEPSEN S , JENSEN J B , BAYOUMI R A 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from P. falciparum-infecled individuals with and without the sickle cell trait at diagnosis and 7 days after treatment. I lbAA and HbAS patients were compared for levels of plasma soluble IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) and the in vitro cellular reactivity to affinity-purified soluble P. falciparum antigens (SPAg). PPD and phytohae-magglutinin (PHA). At diagnosis. HbAS patients with clinical disease had lower plasma-soluble IL-2R levels and parasite counts than the corresponding HbAA patients, whereas HbAS and HbAA patients with asymptomatic infections had comparable soluble IL-2R levels and parasite counts. PBMC from HbAS patients had higher proliferation and IFN-γ production in response to SPAg than PBMC from HbAA patients. The difference in the lymphoproliferativc responses to SPAg between the two groups was evident in patients with asymptomatic infections. In all patients, the clinical severity, the soluble IL-2R levels and the parasite counts were directly related. The former two were inversely related to the proliferative responses to SPAg. After treatment, all the studied parameters were comparable in the two groups. The study indicates that during P. falciparum infection, HbAS compared with HbAA patients had lower in vivo cellular activation and higher in vitro cellular reactivity in response to soluble malaria antigens.
Expression of the 40 kD protein in DLD-1 colon cancer cells and the effect of cytokines
Authors: DAS K M , SQUILLANTE L , ROBERTSON F 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe recently reported the presence of an organ-specific 40 kD colonic protein which acts as an autoantigcn(s) in patients with ulcerative colitis. Using a specific monoclonal antibody directed against 40 kD protein (7E12H12, IgM isotype), in conjunction with immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. we examined the presence of the 40 kD protein on human colon cancer cells. DLD-1, and also characterized the ability of cytokines. IFN-y and tumour necrosis factor, to modulate the expression of this protein on these tumour cells. The presence of the 40 kD protein was localized to the plasma membrane; less was present within the cytoplasm. Following exposure to IFN-γ (10–1000 Lty ml). DLD-1 colon tumour cells showed a dose- and time-dependent increase in 7E12H12 antibody associated immunofluorescence. with the maximum 7H12H12 antibody binding observed with 100 U/ml IFN-γ at 48 h. In contrast, tumour necrosis factor did not alter the levels of anti-40 kD antibody binding over that of control cells. Since IFN-γ is also known to induce class II major histocompatibility antigens, we examined the possibility of cross-reactivity of HLA class II antigens and Mr40 kD epitope. Neither pre-incubation of DLD-1 colon tumour cells with anti-HLA class II antibodies followed by 7E12H12 nor co-incubation of both antibodies altered the amount of 7E12H12 antibody binding. Using a direct ELISA, a highly enriched preparation of M, 40 kD protein reactive to anti-40 kD antibody did not react with HLA class II antibodies. The present results suggest that 40 kD protein is present on DLD-1 human colon tumour cells and that although the 40 kD protein epitope expression is increased by the lymphocyte-derived cylokine, IFN-y. the epitope is separate and distinct from the class II HLA antigens. Further studies on the 40 KD protein may elucidate its autoantigenic role in the pathogencsis of inflammatory bowel disease.
Acute rejection in heart transplant patients is associated with the presence of committed donor-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes in the graft but not in the blood
Authors: VAESSEN L M B , BAAN C C , OUWEHAND A J , JUTTE N H P M , BALK A H M M , MOCHTAR B , CLAAS F H J , WEIMAR W 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn vivo-activated, commuted donor-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes (cCTL) can be propagated and expanded from endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) in IL-2-enriched medium especially during an acute rejection episode. We report here our efforts to detect these cCTL by the same technique in peripheral blood at the moment of rejection and when no rejection was diagnosed. During or just before rejection, significantly less frequent (P &lt; 0·01) donor reactive cCTL were found in PBL samples (two out of 20) than in the simultaneously taken EMB samples (13 out of 19). Donor B-LCL and/or third-party B-LCL were lysed by 15 PBL samples. Inhibition studies revealed that this lysis was due to LAK-like cytotoxicity. The results show that peripheral blood does not reflect intra-graft events, which is probably the reason for the irrcproduciblc results of diagnosis of rejection by monitoring immunological parameters in the peripheral blood.
Specificity of IgG subclass antibodies in different clinical manifestations of leprosy
Authors: DHANDAYUTHAPANI S , IZUMI S , ANANDAN D , BHATIA V N 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe analysed specific IgG subclasses levels to Mycobacterium leprae sonicate extract (MSE), lipoarabinomannan B (LAM) and phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) in the sera of leprosy patients with different clinical manifestations. IgG2 was found to be the predominant antibody to MSE regardless of clinical manifestations, and IgG 1 response was mostly seen in lepromatous patients. IgG3 reacted only rarely but IgG4 reacted relatively more in certain clinical groups such as borderline lepromatous and lepromatous with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reaction. Most of the IgG subclass responses to MSE could be accounted for reactivity with LAM, suggesting that LAM is the major immunogen involved in the pathogenesis of leprosy. In contrast to LAM. PGL-I antigen showed considerably lower reactivities for IgG subclasses. An association between IgG subclass responses and clinical manifestations of leprosy was also seen. Whereas borderline lepromatous patients were found to have significantly higher levels of IgG2 and lgG4 to MSE, lepromatous patients had elevated levels of IgG I and lower levels of IgG2. An interesting observation, however, was the significantly higher levels of IgG2 to LAM in the pure neuritic leprosy patients.
The profile of IgG and IgG subclasses of onchocerciasis patients
Authors: DAFA'ALLA T H , GHALIB H W , ABDELMAGEED A , WILLIAMS J F 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn this study Onchocerca gutturosa was compared with O. volvulus in an ELISA test to detect Onehocerca- spefic IgG and IgG subclasses. The test was developed and standardized to detect Onehocerca-spefic IgG and IgG subclasses in sera of onchocerciasis patients and endemic controls. Onchocerca volvulus and O. gutturosa crude water-soluble antigens showed no significant difference in detecting onchocerca-specific IgG antibody (T = 1·88, P &gt; 0·05). The levels of IgG subclasses varied greatly. IgG4 showed the highest detected mean level (0·84 ± 0·59) and the other three subclasses showed considerably lower mean levels (IgGI =0·27±0·16, IgG2 = 0·24 ± 0·17, IgG3 = 0·28 ± 0·12). The status and score of skin lesions were found to have significant effect on the IgG and IgG subclasses levels (all P &lt; 0·001). lgG4 showed a positive correlation with the microfilarial (Mf) load (r= 0·21, P &lt; 0·03). IgG3 levels have a significant negative correlation with the Mf load (r=-0·23, P &lt;0·02), The biological significance of these IgG and IgG subclasses in onchocerciasis is discussed.
Single and combined effects of the vitamin D analogue KH1060 and cyclosporin A on mercuric-chloride-induced autoimmune disease in the BN rat
Authors: LILLEVANG S T , ROSENKVIST J , ANDERSEN C B , LARSEN S , KEMP E , KRISTENSEN T 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYMercuric chloride induces in BN rats a self-limiting systemic autoimmune disease characterized by proliferation of autoreactive CD4+ T lymphocytes, polyclonal activation of B lymphocytes, and the development of an anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis with concomitant nephrotic range protcinuria. We have used this model of autoimmune disease to test the immunosuppressive ability of a novel vitamin D3 analogue KH 1060. This compound prevents autoimmune manifestations including proteinuria. scrum IgE, and serum anti-laminin antibodies in a dose-dependent manner, as does cyclosporin A (CyA). When dosages of KH 1060 capable of partial reduction of proteinuria without causing significant hypercalcaemia are combined with small dosages of CyA also capable of partial prevention of protcinuria, an additive effect is seen, leading to complete prevention of proteinuria and substantial reductions in serum IgE and anti-laminin levels. Possible mechanisms of action are discussed and it is suggested that KH1060 could prove useful as an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Effect of interferon-gamma priming on the activation of murine peritoneal macrophages to tumouricidal state by cisplatin, IL-1, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF): production of IL-1 and TNF
Authors: SODHI A , SINGH R K , SINGH S M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) priming of murine peritoneal macrophages on the activation to tumouricidal state by cisplatin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-IL-1 and TNF was investigated. Cisplatin-, LPS-, IL-1- or TNF-treated IFN-γ-primed macrophages showed significantly enhanced tumouricidal activity and binding to tumour cells, compared with unprimed treated or untreated macrophages. Macrophages treated with cisplatin, LPS, IL-1 and TNF produced released and membrane-associated IL-1 and TNF activity which was significantly enhanced after priming with IFN-γ. These observations suggest the use of IFN-γ along with these biological response modifiers in designing immunotherapeutic protocols for treatment of malignancy.
Evaluation of serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and CD4, CD8 and natural killer (NK) populations during infrared pulsed laser device (IPLD) treatment
Authors: SANTANA-BLANK L A , CASTES M , ROJAS M E , VARGAS F , SCOTT-ALGARA D 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to evaluate serum levels of TNF-α, sIL-2R and distribution of peripheral leucocyte subsets in patients with advanced neoplastic disease undergoing IPLD treatment. Fifteen cancer patients with evidence of persistent disease were further divided in two groups according to outcome at the end of the period of clinical evaluation: group 1 patients were still alive and group 2 patients had died. Our results show: (i) an increase in the initial level of TNF-α in both groups; (ii) a decrease in TNF-α levels during the follow up of group I patients; (iii) a significant increase in serum levels of sIL-2R in patients in group 2 compared with those in group 1; (iv) a progressive and constant increase in TNF-α levels in group 2; (v) a decrease in CD4+CD45RA+ subpopulation in both groups; (vi) an increase in CD25+ cells; (vii) an increase in CD4+, CD4+ CD45RA+ and CD25+ cells during the follow up of group 2 patients. The data generated here form the basis for further investigations on the use of IPLD as a single agent and in combination with other biological response modifiers in cancer patients.
Tumour necrosis factor enhances the asbestos-induced production of reactive oxygen metabolites by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN)
Authors: KLOCKARS M , SAVOLAINEN H 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe studied the effect of recombinant tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) on the production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) by human PMN exposed in vitro to chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos fibres, quartz dusts and opsonized zymosan. TNF caused a significant increase in ROM release by PMN, and significantly and dose-dependently amplified the ROM production induced by asbestos fibres. The amplification of ROM production by TNF can be of crucial importance in the process of lung inflammation and fibrogenesis in pneumoconioses.