bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of experimental and analytical techniques to determine H, C, N, and S solubility and metal–silicate partitioning during planetary differentiation
Authors: Dalou Celia , Suer Terry-Ann , Tissandier Laurent , Ofierska Weronika L. , Girani Alice , Sossi Paolo A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDuring their formation, terrestrial planets underwent a magma ocean phase during which their metallic cores segregated from their silicate mantles and their early atmospheres formed. These planetary formation processes resulted in a redistribution of the abundances of highly volatile elements (HVEs, such as H, C, N, and S) between the planets’ metallic cores, silicate mantles, and atmospheres. This review presents the numerous experimental techniques used to simulate the conditions and identify the parameters that influenced the behavior of HVEs during planetary formation. We also review the analytical techniques used to characterize the different types of experimental samples and quantify the distribution of HVEs between metallic and silicate phases, as well as their solubilities in silicate glasses. This exhaustive review targets students and young researchers beginning their work on the subject, or, more generally, scientists seeking a better understanding of this field of research.
An improved expression and purification protocol enables the structural characterization of Mnt1, an antifungal target from Candida albicans
Authors: Silva Patrícia Alves , Souza Amanda Araújo , de Oliveira Gideane Mendes , Ramada Marcelo Henrique Soller , Hernández Nahúm Valente , Mora-Montes Héctor Manuel , Bueno Renata Vieira , Martins-de-Sa Diogo , de Freitas Sonia Maria , Felipe Maria Sueli Soares , Barbosa João Alexandre Ribeiro Gonçalves 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Candida albicans is one of the most prevalent fungi causing infections in the world. Mnt1 is a mannosyltransferase that participates in both the cell wall biogenesis and biofilm growth of C. albicans. While the cell wall performs crucial functions in pathogenesis, biofilm growth is correlated with sequestration of drugs by the extracellular matrix. Therefore, antifungals targeting CaMnt1 can compromise fungal development and potentially also render Candida susceptible to drug therapy. Despite its importance, CaMnt1 has not yet been purified to high standards and its biophysical properties are lacking.

Results
We describe a new protocol to obtain high yield of recombinant CaMnt1 in Komagataella phaffii using methanol induction. The purified protein’s identity was confirmed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectroscopy. The Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectra demonstrate that the secondary structure of CaMnt1 is compatible with a protein formed by α-helices and β-sheets at pH 7.0. The fluorescence spectroscopy results show that the tertiary structure of CaMnt1 is pH-dependent, with a greater intensity of fluorescence emission at pH 7.0. Using our molecular modeling protocol, we depict for the first time the ternary complex of CaMnt1 bound to its two substrates, which has enabled the identification of residues involved in substrate specificity and catalytic reaction. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that Tyr209 stabilizes the formation of an oxocarbenium ion-like intermediate during nucleophilic attack of the acceptor sugar, opposing the double displacement mechanism proposed by other reports.

Conclusions
The methodology presented here can substantially improve the yield of recombinant CaMnt1 expressed in flask-grown yeasts. In addition, the structural characterization of the fungal mannosyltransferase presents novelties that can be exploited for new antifungal drug’s development.
From plate to profile: investigating the influence of dietary habits and inactive lifestyle on lipid profile in medical students at clerkship
Authors: Haider Nazish , Abbas Uzair , Arif Hibba Erum , Uqaili Arsalan Ahmed , Khowaja Mohiba Ali , Hussain Niaz , Khan Mahtab 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDietary habits have a strong association with body lipid levels and hyperlipidemia increases the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Dietary habits have been a major concern among medical students due to busy schedules and demanding tasks. This study was designed to know the dietary habits and lifestyle of medical students and its association with their lipid profile.MethodsWe recruited 120 medical students at clerkship of the age of 18 and above. Weekly dietary habits were evaluated by an 18-item questionnaire. Five ml blood was drawn from the students and lipid profiles were measured at Dow Diagnostic Research and Reference Laboratory (DDRRL). Data was analyzed by SPSS V.22.ResultsWe found 70% of students were not involved in any physical activity throughout the week. Only 15.83% were following a regular diet plan. 65% of students were eating junk food for more than 3 days a week in their weekly diet. Moreover, 19.2%, 39.2%, 32.5%, and 25.84% of students were having their total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL levels above the optimum ranges respectively which were frequently found in students of final year (p < 0.05). There was high total cholesterol and LDL in males as compared to females (p value < 0.05). Total cholesterol and LDL were associated with skipped meal, use of junk food and carbonated drinks for more than 3 days a week (p < 0.05).ConclusionThere was a notable number of students with poor dietary habits, inactive lifestyle and lipid levels above the optimum ranges defined by American Heart Association (AHA) that have an association with dietary habits. This is alarming and can impact the health of future healthcare workers. There is a need to investigate the factors and remedies to help medical students to follow a healthy diet and a healthy lifestyle.
Developing indicators for the social benefits of university-industry collaborations
Authors: Ervits Irina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on the social benefits of university-industry collaborations (UICs) based on the cases of winners of the Industry-Academia Collaboration Prize presented by the UK Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) (2010–2023). The research question, which concerns the social and environmental benefits of UICs, has received little attention in the literature, as it focuses mainly on their economic effects. Taking the framework approach to thematic analysis, a list of thematic indicators, which serve as benchmark criteria for evaluating the social impact of UICs in medical, pharmaceutical and chemical industries, is developed. The use of a case study to identify indicators via this approach is appropriate for generating in-depth insights into the characteristics of UICs that have considerable societal impacts. Knowledge creation and contribution to training and improved skills levels constitute the main social benefits of UICs in the three industries cited above. Our findings have practical and theoretical implications, as they emphasize the importance of UICs in fulfilling a specific function in society, namely, facilitating research and developing skills that make the world a better place.
Methods for dreaming about and reimagining digital education
Authors: Otrel-Cass Kathrin , Costello Eamon , Lyngdorf Niels Erik Ruan , Mendel Iris 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUtilising emancipatory approaches to educational technology in higher education allows welcoming creative and artistic modes of inquiry. This article presents two methods, a virtual makerspace and a guided fantasy story that were applied in a project concerned with rewilding higher education pedagogy. It is argued that the methods encouraged curiosity and care to address diversity and inclusion. They afforded mindfulness of individual needs and welcomed explorations of new directions that challenged potential biases (gender, race, disability or professionality). The article illustrates how these two methods may offer a safe space to dream and imagine educational spaces.
A highly efficient Agrobacterium-mediated infectious system for Sweet potato leaf curl virus and a deltasatellite-based VIGS vector
Authors: Zhang Yi , Yang Xuangang , Huang Lifei , Deng Shulin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlant virus disease is one of the major threats to the yield and quality of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.), the seventh most important food crop in the world in terms of production. Sweepoviruses are a group of monopartite geminiviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) that infect Ipomoea plants and cause significant damage. However, investigations on the mechanisms of sweepovirus infection are scarce due to the low efficiency of the current infectious system. In this work, we used the genomic sequence of Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) to construct an effective infectious clone, SPLCV-1.01. We optimized the inoculation procedure in Nicotiana benthamiana by improving the Agrobacterium virulence using an induction medium. Finally, we established a highly efficient agroinoculation protocol for SPLCV on sweetpotato. Furthermore, a simple and reliable “Agro-soaking” method was developed for SPLCV on sweetpotato and Ipomoea aquatica. The “Agro-soaking” method also worked well with Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) and Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV) on tomato. Based on the “Agro-soaking” method and a deltasatellite, the SBG51 VIGS vector worked with the SPLCV-1.01 infectious clone and silenced two endogenous genes IbCHL (magnesium-chelatase subunit) and IbPDS (phytoene desaturase) in two weeks. Moreover, the VIGS system identified IbADK1 (adenosine kinase 1) as a positive regulator to dampen the SPLCV accumulation in sweetpotato. Our work provides a practical method for studying the interaction between sweetpotato and SPLCV and the functional studies of genes in sweetpotato.
Ischemic stroke and COVID-19 infection — a review of clinical case reports
Authors: Malempati M. , Patel M. , Patel J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite the availability of vaccines, COVID-19 remains of global concern with seasonal peak in cases across the globe and considering its link to brain pathologies such as stroke. Our aim was to characterize the presence of comorbidities and how the time of COVID-19 infection relative to stroke onset impacts outcomes.

Methods
We reviewed 68 cases of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with acute stroke. We searched for published case reports using PubMed and Google Scholar limited to publications written in English from September 2019 to December 2022. We excluded systematic reviews from our search result and categorized individual cases into four groups: COVID-19-induced stroke (CIS, those who had COVID-19 shortly before stroke onset), stroke then COVID-19 (STC, those who had COVID-infection immediately following stroke onset), COVID-19 and stroke (CAS, those who presented with both stroke and COVID-19 infection). The following information was extracted and analyzed from included search reports: age, NIHSS score, type of stroke, mortality, functional outcomes, and comorbidities listed.

Conclusions
Most patients who were reported for admission stroke were of middle age, and only more aged individuals presented with concurrent stroke onset and COVID-19 infection. Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity across all four groups, especially among the STC group. The poorest functional outcomes and highest inhospital mortality were observed among the STC group when compared to other groups. The concurrent presentation of stroke and COVID-19 infection had the least impact on functional outcome, but COVID-19 infection during acute stroke hospitalization may worsen clinical outcomes especially among individuals with hypertension.
Rare bleeding disorders in Egyptian females presented with heavy menstrual bleeding: single-center study
Authors: El Demerdash Doaa , El Kholy Mohamed Talaat , Ayad Alia Abdel-Aziz , Tawfik Noha , Rakha Magda , Habib Sonia Adolf , EL Said Manal Hamdy , Sobhy George , Yacoub Maha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Heavy menstrual bleeding is an important health problem in women of reproductive age and is also one of the most common symptoms in women with bleeding disorders. Data about the frequency of rare bleeding disorders are limited, and population-based studies are lacking, so we aimed to determine the frequency of rare bleeding disorders among women presented with heavy menstrual periods that cannot be attributed to obvious problems.

Methods
Complete blood count and bleeding profiles include activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, factor VIII activity assay, ristocetin cofactor activity, von Willebrand antigen assay, platelet aggregation tests and other factor assays in 100 out of 300 females presented with unexplained heavy menstrual period, pictorial bleeding assessment chart (PBAC) > 100 as a screening tool for heavy menstrual periods, and or International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis-Bleeding Assessment Tool (ISTH-BAT) > 6.

Results
A total of 300 women with heavy menstrual periods without an obvious explained cause were included in our study. Among them, we found 100 (30%) females with a mean PBAC of 234 ± 147 and mean ISTH-BAT of 9 ± 5 denoting HMB may be due to underlying bleeding disorders. Among them, the most common diagnosis was VWD in 30 (30%). Other disorders were as follows: 28 (28%) cases with clotting factor deficiencies, 24 (24%) cases were found to have platelet dysfunction, and in 18% of our studied cases, we did not find a clear cause of their bleeding disorders (unknown).

Conclusion
Rare bleeding disorders are not uncommon and require comprehensive hemostatic evaluation as well as simple tools like PBAC and ISTH-BAT questionnaires for the identification of females presented with unexplained HMB.
Comparing the World Psychiatric Association and European Psychiatric Association Codes of Ethics: Discrepancies and shared grounds
Authors: Sansone Noemi , Tyano Samuel , Melillo Antonio , Schouler-Ocak Meryam , Galderisi Silvana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Codes of ethics provide guidance to address ethical challenges encountered in clinical practice. The harmonization of global, regional, and national codes of ethics is important to avoid gaps and discrepancies.

Methods
We compare the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) and the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) Codes of Ethics, addressing main key points, similarities, and divergences.

Results
The WPA and EPA codes are inspired by similar fundamental values but do show a few differences. The two codes have a different structure. The WPA code includes 4 sections and lists 5 overarching principles as the basis of psychiatrists’ clinical practice; the EPA code is articulated in 8 sections, lists 4 ethical principles, and several fundamental values. The EPA code does not include a section on psychiatrists’ education and does not contain specific references to domestic violence and death penalty. Differences can be found in how the two codes address the principle of equity: the EPA code explicitly refers to the principle of universal health care, while the WPA code mentions the principle of equity as reflected in the promotion of distributive justice.

Conclusions
We recommend that both WPA and EPA periodically update their ethical codes to minimize differences, eliminate gaps, and help member societies to develop or revise national codes in line with the principles of the associations they belong to.
Minimizing differences between national and international codes and fostering a continuous dialogue on ethical issues will provide guidance for psychiatrists and will raise awareness of the importance of ethics in our profession.
A Theory of Alternating Paths and Blossoms from the Perspective of Minimum Length
Authors: Vazirani Vijay V. 
Published: May 2024

The Micali–Vazirani (MV) algorithm for finding a maximum cardinality matching in general graphs, which was published in 1980, remains to this day the most efficient known algorithm for the problem. The current paper gives the first complete and correct proof of this algorithm. The MV algorithm resorts to finding minimum-length augmenting paths. However, such paths fail to satisfy an elementary property, called breadth first search honesty in this paper. In the absence of this property, an exponential time algorithm appears to be called for—just for finding one such path. On the other hand, the MV algorithm accomplishes this and additional tasks in linear time. The saving grace is the various “footholds” offered by the underlying structure, which the algorithm uses in order to perform its key tasks efficiently. The theory expounded in this paper elucidates this rich structure and yields a proof of correctness of the algorithm. It may also be of independent interest as a set of well-knit graph-theoretic facts. Funding: This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation [Grant CCF-2230414].
Challenges faced by human resources for health in Morocco: A scoping review
Authors: Al Hassani Wafaa , Achhab Youness El , Nejjari Chakib 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundHuman resources for health (HRH) play a pivotal role in effective health system operation, yet various impediments challenge sustainable development. This scoping review aimed to explore these challenges and potential solutions in aligning the health workforce to meet the evolving healthcare needs of the Moroccan population.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review searching PubMed, Science Direct, Cairn and Google Scholar for relevant articles published between 2014 and 2023. Additionally, non-peer-reviewed literature sourced from Ministry of Health consultations and allied websites was included.ResultsAmong the nineteen studies meeting our inclusion criteria, the majority were cross-sectional and predominantly focused on challenges faced by nurses. While some papers delineated multiple HRH challenges (5/19), the rest addressed specific challenges. The identified challenges span organizational and personal levels. Organizationally, the focus was on training, lifelong learning, continuing education, health coverage and shortages, and job satisfaction. At a personal level, HRH in the public health sector encountered challenges such as burnout, stress, and broader occupational health concerns.ConclusionsThe reviewed publications underscored a spectrum of challenges necessitating robust policy interventions. Despite promising developments in the Moroccan healthcare system, addressing the unequal urban-rural HRH distribution, augmenting funding, and enhancing HRH quality of life stand as pivotal imperatives.
An improved diagnostic method for taurodontism and a comparative study on its effectiveness evaluation
Authors: Da Yunmeng , Zhang Le , Chai Zhihong , Du Hongfang , Hao Lele , Zhang Li , Zhang Zhiyin , Shen Yongfan 
Published: May 2024

Objective
The two commonly used diagnostic methods for taurodontism are susceptible to aging changes, mastication wear and other factors. Therefore, this study proposed an improved diagnostic method for taurodontism, and compared it with the previous two methods as a supplement for taurodontism diagnosis.

Methods
The included patients were aged 10–89 years and admitted to the Department of Stomatology of Hebei Eye Hospital from June 1, 2022 to May 31, 2023. Eighty cone-beam computed tomography images were divided equally into 4 groups: 10–29, 30–49, 50–69, and 70–89 years old. The right mandibular first molars were selected as measurement objects. Firstly, |BD| and taurodontism index (TI)-related parameters were measured using Shifman and Chanannel’s method and crown-body(CB) and root (R) lengths was measured by Seow and Lai’s method. The improved method used the length from the cementoenamel junction(CEJ) to the root bifurcation point(body, B)and the root length(root, R)as the measurement objects. Finally, TI, CB/R ratios, and B/R ratios were calculated according to the formulas given below. One-way ANOVA analysis was mainly used to compare the differences in the values, indices and ratios of taurodontism among different age groups (p<0.05).

Results
With the increase of age, |BD| and TI values decreased significantly (p<0.01). The CB/R ratios of 70–89 years group were significantly lower than those of the other three groups (p<0.01). Ratios derived from the improved method were significantly lower in the 70–89 years than in 10–29 years group (p<0.05).

Conclusions
The |BD| and TI parameters proposed by Shifman and channel are significantly influenced by age. The measurements of Seow and Lai (CB/R ratios) were less affected by age compared with those of the former. The improved method(B/R ratios) was least affected by age, which would reduce error and bias in the measurement of taurodontism and obtain more objective results in older patients.
Selfie Aesthetics: Seeing Trans Feminist Futures in Self-Representational Art, Nicole Erin Morse (2022)
Authors: Gonzales Drew 
Published: May 2024

Review of: Selfie Aesthetics: Seeing Trans Feminist Futures in Self-Representational Art, Nicole Erin Morse (2022)
Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 179 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-47801-814-8, p/bk, $26
Activist Affordances: How Disabled People Improvise More Habitable Worlds, Arseli Dokumaci (2023)
Authors: Boyd Rachel 
Published: May 2024

Review of: Activist Affordances: How Disabled People Improvise More Habitable Worlds, Arseli Dokumaci (2023)
Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 336 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-4780-1924-4, p/bk, $28.95
Os exames estandardizados estaduais e a constituição de políticas educacionais para a avaliação: Uma análise comparada do Paebes (Brasil) e do Exeims-BC (México)
Authors: Dutra Kézia Alves Moreira , Negreiros Heitor Lopes , Santos Wagner dos 
Published: May 2024

Este artigo analisa, de maneira comparada, as políticas de avaliação que estabelecem a criação, organização, implementação e continuidade dos exames estandardizados estaduais Paebes/Espírito Santo (Brasil) e Exeims-BC/Baja Califórnia (México). Compreendendo, a partir desses contextos e da organização federativa dos países, como essas avaliações e seus resultados influenciam a criação de novas políticas avaliativas e materializam os impactos de tais políticas par a os sujeitos envolvidos nesse processo. Caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa de natureza exploratória, que assume o método comparativo como abordagem teórico-metodológica. Como fontes, utilizamos documentos oficiais dos governos, das provas e também informações obtidas em websites dos órgãos competentes. Os resultados apontam que os exames são similares quanto ao contexto estadual, nacional e internacional, todavia a ascensão do setor privado no Espírito Santo se mostra mais evidente por meio do Paebes. Percebemos que existe uma tendência de centralização das políticas do tipo high stakes com a intensificação do accountability, tanto no Espírito Santo, quanto na Baja Califórnia. Fica evidenciado que esse tipo de avaliação tangencia não só o contexto de criação das políticas educacionais, mas também de dotação orçamentária e a criação de novos contextos de disputas e busca por desempenho escolar.
Mountain-pass-type solutions for Schrödinger equations in R2 with unbounded or vanishing potentials and critical exponential growth nonlinearities
Authors: Lin Xiaoyan , Tang Xianhua , Zhang Ning 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this article, we consider the existence of solutions for nonlinear elliptic equations of the form

−
Δ
u
+
V

(

∣
x
∣

)

u
=
Q

(

∣
x
∣

)

f

(

u

)

,

x
∈

R

2

,

-\Delta u+V\left(| x| )u=Q\left(| x| )f\left(u),\hspace{1em}x\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{2},

where the nonlinear term

f

(

s

)

f\left(s)

has critical exponential growth which behaves like

e

α

s

2

{e}^{\alpha {s}^{2}}

, the radial potentials

V
,
Q
:

R

+

→
R

V,Q:{{\mathbb{R}}}^{+}\to {\mathbb{R}}

are unbounded, singular at the origin or decaying to zero at infinity. By combining the variational methods, Trudinger-Moser inequality, and some new approaches to estimate precisely the minimax level of the energy functional, we prove the existence of a Mountain-pass-type solution for the above problem under some weak assumptions.