bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Defect‐Free Nanoimprinting
Authors: Guan Tianyu , Huang Ning , Song Rijian , Mao Tianyu , Jagannath Akshaya , Wang Wenxin , Fang Fengzhou , Zhang Nan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNanoimprinting large‐area structures, especially high‐density features like meta lenses, poses challenges in achieving defect‐free nanopatterns. Conventional high‐resolution molds for nanoimprinting are often expensive, typically constructed from inorganic materials such as silicon, nickel (Ni), or quartz. Unfortunately, replicated nanostructures frequently suffer from breakage or a lack of definition during demolding due to the high adhesion and friction at the polymer‐mold interface. Moreover, mold degradation after a limited number of imprinting cycles, attributed to contamination and damaged features, is a common issue. In this study, a disruptive approach is presented to address these challenges by successfully developing an anti‐sticking nanocomposite mold. This nanocomposite mold is created through the co‐deposition of nickel atoms and low surface tension polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles via electroforming. The incorporation of PTFE enhances the ease of polymer release from the mold. The resulting Ni‐PTFE nanocomposite mold exhibits exceptional lubrication properties and a significantly reduced surface energy. This robust nanocomposite mold proves effective in imprinting fine, densely packed nanostructures down to 100 nm using thermal nanoimprinting for at least 20 cycles. Additionally, UV nanoimprint lithography (UV‐NIL) is successfully performed with this nanocomposite mold. This work introduces a novel and cost‐effective approach to reusable high‐resolution molds, ensuring defect‐reduction production in nanoimprinting.
Constructing Thermal Convection Film for Low Heat Loss and High Salt Resistance in Wood‐Based Solar Evaporators
Authors: Pang Yajun , Ma Chaoliang , Song Lvfu , Jin Lizheng , Zhu Kangxin , Wu Yitian , Li Lanze , Chen Furong , Peng Yunyan , Zheng Xin , Wu Sai , Shen Zhehong , Chen Hao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnique suspension solar evaporator is one of the effective measures to address the major bottleneck of the emerging interfacial evaporators, i.e., the accumulation of salts on the surface. Yet, it remains a considerable challenge to avoid substantial heat loss underwater. Herein, a suspension wood‐based evaporator is proposed with a thermal convection structure that effectively balances the contradiction between salt‐resistance ability and heat loss. Benefitting from the heat centralization due to thermal convection, such suspension evaporator exhibits an excellent steam generation rate, which increases from 1.23 to 1.63 kg m−2 h−1 compared to the conventional suspension evaporator. Simultaneously, the steam generation rate retention improves from 64.9% over 20 test cycles to nearly 100% compared to the interfacial evaporator. This work provides an effective pathway for exploring efficient and stable suspension evaporators, offering essential directions for the future development and application of solar‐driven evaporation technologies.
Redox Potential Based Self‐Powered Electrochromic Devices for Smart Windows
Authors: Ganesha Mukhesh K. , Hakkeem Hafis , Singh Ashutosh K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnergy‐efficient glass windows are pivotal in modern infrastructure striving toward the “Zero energy” concept. Electrochromic (EC) energy storage devices emerge as a promising alternative to conventional glass, yet their widespread commercialization is impeded by high costs and dependence on external power sources. Addressing this, redox potential‐based self‐powered electrochromic (RP‐SPEC) devices are introduced leveraging established EC materials like tungsten oxide (WO3) and vanadium‐doped nickel oxide (V‐NiO) along with aluminum (Al) as an anode. These devices produce open circuit voltages (OCV) exceeding ±0.3 V, enabling autonomous operation for multiple cycles. The WO3 film exhibits 1% transmission and 88% modulation in the colored state at 550 nm with a mere 260 nm thickness. The redox interactions facilitate coloring and bleaching cycles without external power, while photo‐charging rejuvenates the system. Notably, the inherent voltages of the RP‐SPEC device offer dual functionality, powering electronic devices for up to 81 h. Large‐area (≈28 cm2) device feasibility is demonstrated, paving the way for industrial adoption. The RP‐SPEC device promises to revolutionize smart window technology by offering both energy efficiency and autonomous operation, thus advancing sustainable infrastructure.
Sulfur‐Vacancy Engineering Accelerates Rapid Surface Reconstruction in Ni‐Co Bimetal Sulfide Nanosheet for Urea Oxidation Electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Haoyuan , Pu Yujuan , Li Wenhao , Yan Zitong , Deng Ruojing , Shi Fanyue , Zhao Chenhao , Zhang Youkui , Duan Tao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping a highly efficient catalyst for electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is not only beneficial for the degradation of urea pollutants in wastewater but also provides a benign route for hydrogen production. Herein, a sulfur‐vacancy (Sv) engineering is proposed to accelerate the formation of metal (oxy)hydroxide on the surface of Ni‐Co bimetal sulfide nanosheet arrays on nickel foam (Sv‐CoNiS@NF) for boosting the urea oxidation electrocatalysis. As a result, the obtained Sv‐CoNiS@NF demonstrates an outstanding electrocatalytic UOR performance, which requires a low potential of only 1.397 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode to achieve the current density of 100 mA cm−2. The ex situ Raman spectra and density functional theory calculations reveal the key roles of the Sv site and Co9S8 in promoting the electrocatalytic UOR performance. This work provides a new strategy for accelerating the transformation of electrocatalysts to active metallic (oxy)hydroxide for urea electrolysis via engineering the surface vacancies.
Pulsed Laser Ablation of Oxygen deficiency Enriched Superlattice Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) Ultrathin Nextrode aiming for Flexible Binder‐less Tandem Energy Harvesting Devices
Authors: Velmurugan Ramasamy , Mary Antonysamy Soundarya , Pandikumar Alagarsamy , Murugan Palanichamy , Subramanian Balasubramanian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor the initial instance, oxygen deficiency‐enriched vanadium pentoxide (O─V2O5@500) thin film electrodes are tuned by the Pulsed Laser Ablation technique. The O─V2O5@500 thin film electrode shows remarkable electrochemical performances confirming the greater potential window of −0.4 to 0.9 V versus Hg/HgO in an alkaline electrolyte; also, the O─V2O5@ 500 thin film electrode exhibits a noteworthy volumetric capacity of 167.7 mAh cm−3 (areal capacity of 73.3 µAh cm−2). Additionally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) theory calculations are carried out for oxygen‐deficient V2O5. From the partial density of states (pDOS) and partial charge density analysis, it is clear that oxygen vacancy improves the electrical conductivity due to the higher degree of electron delocalization of V─O─V near the vacancy and enhances the redox properties due to the formation of in‐gap states. Further, it is reported that a O─V2O5@ 500 ||PVA‐KOH|| Bi2O3 A‐650 thin film supercapbattery (TFSCB) device attains an exceptional discharge volumetric capacitance of 182.85 F cm−3 (equal volumetric capacity of 124.5 mAh cm−3). Furthermore, the TFSCB device exhibits an extraordinary maximum volumetric energy (power) density of 14.28 mWh cm−3 (1.66 W cm−3); TFSCB succeeds in supreme capacity retention of 86% with outstanding coulombic efficiency of 94.4% after 21 000 cycles.
A self‐reinforced activatable photosensitizer prodrug enabling synergistic photodynamic and chemotherapy
Authors: Huang Daipeng , Yin Jikai , Zou Yang , Huang Haiqiao , Long Saran , Sun Wen , Du Jianjun , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs a novel drug development paradigm, selective activation of prodrugs provides the potential for precise tumor chemotherapy, thereby presenting an opportunity for advancing cancer treatment. The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and prodrug can enhance the therapeutic efficacy while simultaneously enabling real‐time monitoring of drug distribution and release. However, the tumor hypoxia microenvironment and the frequent high‐dose administration of prodrugs significantly impede therapeutic efficacy and escalate treatment‐related risks. Herein, a tumor microenvironment‐specific release prodrug is constructed, termed NBS‐2S‐5FU. Under the influence of glutathione (GSH), NBS‐2S‐5FU undergoes activation, leading to the release of photosensitizer NBS and chemotherapeutic agent 5‐FU derivatives. Under irradiation, NBS produces sufficient superoxide radical () while 5‐FU derivatives inhibit DNA biosynthesis, thereby effectively suppressing tumor growth at low doses. Subsequent in vivo studies utilizing NBS‐2S‐5FU liposomes exhibit outstanding anti‐cancer effectiveness. This study highlights a promising direction for advancing combined prodrugs that integrate PDT and chemotherapy.
Interlayer Affected Diamond Electrochemistry
Authors: Chen Xinyue , Dong Ximan , Zhang Chuyan , Zhu Meng , Ahmed Essraa , Krishnamurthy Giridharan , Rouzbahani Rozita , Pobedinskas Paulius , Gauquelin Nicolas , Jannis Daen , Kaur Kawaljit , Hafez Aly Mohamed Elsayed , Thiel Felix , Bornemann Rainer , Engelhard Carsten , Schönherr Holger , Verbeeck Johan , Haenen Ken , Jiang Xin , Yang Nianjun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiamond electrochemistry is primarily influenced by quantities of sp3‐carbon, surface terminations, and crystalline structure. In this work, a new dimension is introduced by investigating the effect of using substrate‐interlayers for diamond growth. Boron and nitrogen co‐doped nanocrystalline diamond (BNDD) films are grown on Si substrate without and with Ti and Ta as interlayers, named BNDD/Si, BNDD/Ti/Si, and BNDD/Ta/Ti/Si, respectively. After detailed characterization using microscopies, spectroscopies, electrochemical techniques, and density functional theory simulations, the relationship of composition, interfacial structure, charge transport, and electrochemical properties of the interface between diamond and metal is investigated. The BNDD/Ta/Ti/Si electrodes exhibit faster electron transfer processes than the other two diamond electrodes. The interlayer thus determines the intrinsic activity and reaction kinetics. The reduction in their barrier widths can be attributed to the formation of TaC, which facilitates carrier tunneling, and simultaneously increases the concentration of electrically active defects. As a case study, the BNDD/Ta/Ti/Si electrode is further employed to assemble a redox‐electrolyte‐based supercapacitor device with enhanced performance. In summary, the study not only sheds light on the intricate relationship between interlayer composition, charge transfer, and electrochemical performance but also demonstrates the potential of tailored interlayer design to unlock new capabilities in diamond‐based electrochemical devices.
Janus and Amphiphilic MoS2 2D Sheets for Surface‐Directed Orientational Assemblies toward Ex Vivo Dual Substrate Release
Authors: Wang Jianing , Li Shuqi , Yang Lin , Kwan Chak‐Shing , Xie Chengyi , Cheung Kwan Yin , Sun Raymond Wai‐Yin , Chan Albert S. C. , Huang Zhifeng , Cai Zongwei , Zeng Tao , Leung Ken Cham‐Fai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe two‐dimensional (2‐D) Janus and amphiphilic molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheet with opposite optical activities on each side (amphichiral) is synthesized by modifying sandwich‐like bulk MoS2 with tannic acid and cholesterol through biphasic emulsion method. This new type of amphichiral Janus MoS2 nanosheet consists of a hydrophilic and positive optical activity tannic acid side as well as a hydrophobic and negative optical activity cholesterol side thereby characterized by circular dichroism. Surface‐directed orientational differentiation assemblies are performed for the as‐synthesized 2D material and are characterized by contact angle, infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. The amphiphilic nature of the materials is demonstrated by the pre‐organization of the nanosheets on either hydrophobic or hydrophilic surfaces, providing unprecedented properties of circular dichroism signal enhancement and wettability. Selective detachment of the surface organic groups (cholesterol and tannic acid fragments) is realized by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation ‐ time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry, and the dual substrate release in tissue is detected by ex vivo mass spectrometry imaging.
Corn Cob Ash Reinforced Pectin‐Based Biocomposites
Authors: Ansari Gufran A. , Rathod Vikas V. , Kharat Baburao M. , More Aarti P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSynthetic polymers have made advances in terms of their flexibility and other properties but a major problem still exists when it comes to their poor biodegradability and lack of conservation. To overcome this problem, the biocomposites are widely used for wide range of applications. Crop residues (CRs) from agriculture can be utilized to make items like biodegradable components; however, they are hard to recycle or dispose of. The aim is to use corn cob ash (CCA), which is generated by calcination of corn cob (CC) in a pectin matrix to create a biocomposites. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) show the major compounds present in the CCA are silica, potassium, calcium, and many other inorganic compounds. In this research, a solution casting method is used to fabricate pectin/CC biocomposite films. By increasing the content of the CCA, the moisture content will decrease, contact angle and hardness properties are increased. However, increasing CCA content promotes the color change of pectin/CC biocomposite films and water absorption increases. The composite films are analyzed for biodegradation study. The FTIR, morphological, mechanical property, XRD, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies are used to evaluate the biocomposite films.
Effect and mechanism study of mixed‐dimensional palygorskite clay on thermo‐stability, flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppression for PC/ABS composites
Authors: Gao Zeyang , Zhu Yu , Yuan Bihe , Mu Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis investigation investigates the effects and mechanisms of mixed‐dimensional palygorskite clay (MDPal) on the thermal stability, flame retardancy and smoke suppression of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (PC/ABS) composites. MDPal, comprising palygorskite and illite as its main mineral components, is characterized by its interwoven morphology and the presence of Fe ions in its octahedral framework, making it highly promising for enhancing the fire safety of flammable composites. The incorporation of MDPal at a 10 wt% dosage leads to significant improvements in the fire safety of PC/ABS composites, including the reduction of 29.8% in peak heat release rate, 9.9% in total heat release, 34.5% in peak smoke production rate and 15.7% in total smoke production compared to pure PC/ABS. Besides, there is a notable increase of 31.5% in tensile strength and 80.4% in elongation at break when the content is 5 wt%. This research offers valuable insights into the application of MDPal for enhancing the thermal stability, flame retardancy and smoke suppression of flammable polymers.Highlights
MDPal plays dual functions in gas and condensed phases as a flame retardant.
MDPal effectively reduces the heat and smoke release of PC/ABS composites.
MDPal improves the thermo‐stability and tensile strength of PC/ABS composites.
The flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppression mechanisms of PALC are elucidated.
Holographic supersymmetric Rényi entropies from hyperbolic black holes with scalar hair
Authors: Ren Jie , Sun Dao-Quan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study holographic supersymmetric Rényi entropies from a family of hyperbolic black holes in an Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton (EMD) system under the BPS condition. We calculate the thermodynamic quantities of these hyperbolic black holes. We find a remarkably simple formula of the supersymmetric Rényi entropy that unifies (interpolates) 11 cases embeddable to 10 or 11 dimensional supergravity. It reproduces many known results in the literature, and gives new results with distinctive features. We show that the supersymmetric version of the modular entropy and the capacity of entanglement cannot be mapped to thermal quantities, due to the dependence of the temperature and the chemical potential by the BPS condition. We also calculate the entanglement spectrum. We derive the potential of the EMD system from a V = 0 solution and obtain two neutral solutions with scalar hair as a byproduct.
Algebraic Entropy of Path Algebras and Leavitt Path Algebras of Finite Graphs
Authors: Bock Wolfgang , Canto Cristóbal Gil , Barquero Dolores Martín , González Cándido Martín , Campos Iván Ruiz , Sebandal Alfilgen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Gelfand–Kirillov dimension is a well established quantity to classify the growth of infinite dimensional algebras. In this article we introduce the algebraic entropy for path algebras. For the path algebras, Leavitt path algebras and the path algebra of the extended (double) graph, we compare the Gelfand–Kirillov dimension and the entropy. We show that path algebras over finite graphs can be classified to be of finite dimension, finite Gelfand–Kirillov dimension or finite algebraic entropy. We show indeed how these three quantities are dependent on cycles inside the graph. Moreover we show that the algebraic entropy is conserved under Morita equivalence but perhaps for a different filtration. In addition we give several examples of the entropy in path algebras and Leavitt path algebras.
Lower and Upper Solutions for System of Differential Equations Involving Homeomorphism and Nonlinear Boundary Conditions
Authors: Rodríguez–López Jorge , Szymańska-Dȩbowska Katarzyna , Zima Mirosława 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe study the existence of solution to the system of differential equations $$(\phi (u'))'=f(t,u,u')$$

(
ϕ

(

u
′

)

)

′

=
f

(
t
,
u
,

u
′

)

with nonlinear boundary conditions $$\begin{aligned} g(u(0),u,u')=0, \quad h(u'(1),u,u')=0, \end{aligned}$$

g

(
u

(
0
)

,
u
,

u
′

)

=
0
,

h

(

u
′

(
1
)

,
u
,

u
′

)

=
0
,

where $$f:[0,1]\times \mathbb {R}^{n}\times \mathbb {R}^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^{n}$$

f
:

[
0
,
1
]

×

R

n

×

R

n

→

R

n

, $$g,h:\mathbb {R}^{n}\times C([0,1],\mathbb {R}^{n})\times C([0,1],\mathbb {R}^{n})\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^{n}$$

g
,
h
:

R

n

×
C

(

[
0
,
1
]

,

R

n

)

×
C

(

[
0
,
1
]

,

R

n

)

→

R

n

are continuous, $$\phi :\prod _{i=1}^{n}(-a_i,a_i) \rightarrow \mathbb {R}^{n}$$

ϕ
:

∏

i
=
1

n

(
-

a
i

,

a
i

)

→

R

n

, $$0<a_i\le +\infty $$

0
<

a
i

≤
+
∞

, $$\phi (s)=\left( \phi _1(s_1),\dots ,\phi _n(s_n)\right) $$

ϕ

(
s
)

=

ϕ
1

(

s
1

)

,
⋯
,

ϕ
n

(

s
n

)

and $$\phi _i:(-a_i,a_i)\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

ϕ
i

:

(
-

a
i

,

a
i

)

→
R

is a one dimensional regular or singular homeomorphism. Our proofs are based on the concept of the lower and upper solutions.
Effect of accelerated extraction and sonication on the antioxidant capacity of wood and bark extracts of wet-hearted silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)
Authors: Vek Viljem , Hofmann Tamás , Rajczi Eszter Visiné , Osolnik Urša , Poljanšek Ida , Oven Primož 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant capacity of hydrophilic extracts of different tissues of wet-hearted silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) logs. Wet heart is a wood defect of silver fir and lowers the value of wood. The exploitation of extractives could increase utilization and financial returns. The bark, sapwood, heartwood and knotwood were investigated by using two green extraction methods: ultrasound assisted extraction (US) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), with aqueous ethanol as solvent. Total extractive content (TEC), total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant capacities (FRAP, DPPH, ABTS) from the extracts were determined and compared. The highest contents of total hydrophilic extractives were measured in knotwood (23.07%, ASE) and bark (10.31%, ASE), and the lowest values were determined for sapwood (2.00%, ASE) and heartwood (3.56%, ASE). The ASE method resulted in significantly higher TPC (0.65–10.58%) than the US (0.46–9.19%) method. Nevertheless, the simplicity of instrumentation and costs can make US also a potential candidate for future extraction and utilization. The highest antioxidant capacities were measured in knotwood (FRAP: 159.75 mg AAE/g, ABTS: 316.15 mg TE/g, DPPH: 189.23 mg TE/g) and bark (FRAP: 159.75 mg AAE/g, ABTS: 126.81 mg TE/g, DPPH: 74.52 mg TE/ g) extracts, prepared with ASE, which complements well the existing literature data on silver fir extractives. The knotwood and bark of wet-hearted silver fir is an abundant source of antioxidant polyphenols, whereas sapwood and heartwood are poor in these extractives and potentially unsuitable for the valorization by the extraction of natural antioxidants.
Diversity in bread and durum wheat stigma morphology and linkage of increased stigma length to dwarfing gene Rht14
Authors: Pallotta Margaret , Okada Takashi , Roy Stuart , Pearson Allison , Baumann Ute , Whitford Ryan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Key message
The dwarfing allele Rht14 of durum wheat associates with greater stigma length, an important trait for hybrid breeding, whilst major dwarfing alleles Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b showed little to no effect.

Abstract
Although much understudied in wheat, the stigma is a crucial component for attaining grain set, the fundamental basis for yield, particularly in hybrid production systems where successful grain set relies on wind-driven pollen dispersal by the male parent and effective pollen capture by the female parent. Females with long stigma that exsert early are thought to be advantageous. Using glasshouse-grown lines, we examined variation in Total Stigma Length (TSL) across diverse panels comprising 27 durum and 116 bread wheat genotypes. Contrasting genotypes were selected for population development and genetic analysis. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed on a durum F2 population and a bread wheat recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. Contrasting with studies of anther length, we found no large effect on TSL of the GA-insensitive semi-dwarfing genes Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 in either durum or bread wheat. However, in durum cultivar Italo, we identified a region on chromosome 6A which is robustly associated with larger TSL and contains the Rht14 allele for reduced plant height, a trait that is favourable for female line development in hybrid systems. This dual effect locus explained 25.2 and 19.2% of TSL phenotypic variation in experiments across two growing seasons, with preliminary results suggesting this locus may increase TSL when transferred to bread wheat. In a bread wheat, RIL population minor QTL on 1A and 2A was indicated, but the strongest association was with Ppd-B1. Methods developed here, and the identification of a TSL-enhancing locus provides advances and further opportunities in the study of wheat stigma.
Quantization of the energy for the inhomogeneous Allen–Cahn mean curvature
Authors: Nguyen Huy The , Wang Shengwen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe consider the varifold associated to the Allen–Cahn phase transition problem in $${\mathbb {R}}^{n+1}$$

R

n
+
1

(or $$n+1$$

n
+
1

-dimensional Riemannian manifolds with bounded curvature) with integral $$L^{q_0}$$

L

q
0

bounds on the Allen–Cahn mean curvature (first variation of the Allen–Cahn energy) in this paper. It is shown here that there is an equidistribution of energy between the Dirichlet and Potential energy in the phase field limit and that the associated varifold to the total energy converges to an integer rectifiable varifold with mean curvature in $$L^{q_0}, q_0 > n$$

L

q
0

,

q
0

>
n

. The latter is a diffused version of Allard’s convergence theorem for integer rectifiable varifolds.