bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrastructure Asset Reporting Options: A Stated Preference Experiment
Authors: Jones Stewart , Hensher David A. , Rose John , Walker Robert G. 
Published: March 2012

SYNOPSISUsing a stated preference experiment, this study investigates the infrastructure reporting preferences of 103 public sector managers having experience with the use and interpretation of specialized infrastructure information. The results of the ordered mixed logit analysis indicate that public sector managers tend to choose more comprehensive and detailed financial and nonfinancial disclosures in circumstances where: the physical condition of the infrastructure is in a poor state of repair; governments may not be placing much priority on funding existing infrastructure; the financial costs to maintain infrastructure are high; infrastructure has high importance to service delivery; and government agencies have made significant investments in public infrastructure. The results of this study suggest that a blend of GASB and AASB requirements for infrastructure assets (i.e., condition assessments in combination with replacement costs) could enhance the overall usefulness of infrastructure information, especially among decision makers who make regular use of this information.JEL Classifications: G18; M41; C90.
Y are you not pregnant: Identification of Y chromosome segments in female cattle with decreased reproductive efficiency,,,
Authors: McDaneld T. G. , Kuehn L. A. , Thomas M. G. , Snelling W. M. , Sonstegard T. S. , Matukumalli L. K. , Smith T. P. L. , Pollak E. J. , Keele J. W. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Reproductive efficiency is of economic importance in commercial beef cattle production, since failure to achieve pregnancy reduces the number of calves marketed. Identification of genetic markers with predictive merit for reproductive success would facilitate early selection of females and avoid inefficiencies associated with sub-fertile cows. To identify regions of the genome harboring variation affecting reproductive success, we applied a genome-wide association approach based on the &gt;700,000 SNP marker assay. To include the largest number of individuals possible under the available budget, cows from several populations were assigned to extremes for reproductive efficiency, and DNA was pooled within population and phenotype before genotyping. Surprisingly, pools prepared from DNA of low reproductive cattle returned fluorescence intensity data intermediate between fertile females and males for SNP mapped to the Y chromosome (i.e., male sex chromosome). The presence of Y-associated material in low reproductive heifers or cows was confirmed by Y-directed PCR, which revealed that 21 to 29% of females in the low reproductive category were positive by a Y chromosome PCR test normally used to sex embryos. The presence of the Y chromosome anomaly was further confirmed with application of additional Y-specific PCR amplicons, indicating the likelihood of the presence of some portion of male sex chromosome in female cattle in various beef cattle herds across the U.S. Discovery of this Y anomaly in low reproductive females may make an important contribution to management of reproductive failures in beef cattle operations.
Structure, Injection Molding Process and Fracture Behavior of Composite Plastics
Authors: Zhou X.-P. , Li D.-Q. , Zhou H.-M. , Xie X.-L. , Li R. K.-Y. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
High strength and toughness are of importance for composite plastics used as mechanical structure parts. How to provide general and engineering plastics with high performances is one of the critical challenges in advanced manufacturing. In the past decade, the phase dispersion, interfacial interaction, injection molding simulation and fracture behaviors of composite plastics were investigated systematically in our research group in order to simultaneously reinforce and toughen polymer matrix. Here, we review the progress and advances which have been made in the above items.
L'originalité du syndicalisme français selon Lucien Febvre (1919-1920)
Authors: Lecuir Jean 
Published: March 2012

Résumé Le dossier contenant le texte des quatre conférences que Lucien Febvre a données en 1920 sur l’histoire du syndicalisme français était demeuré dans l’ombre de son œuvre ultérieure, bien qu’il l’ait conservé et enrichi de références. Le sujet abordé n’a guère de rapport avec ses préoccupations d’historien du XVI e siècle. Il reflète ses engagements de jeunesse. Condisciple d’Albert Thomas à la rue d’Ulm, il a suivi l’évolution du mouvement socialiste et syndical au tournant du siècle. Il a représenté la section socialiste à l’université populaire de Besançon et publié, anonymement, une trentaine d’articles dans Le Socialiste comtois entre 1907 et 1909. Puis il s’est éloigné, par attachement à son indépendance et aussi parce que la préparation de ses thèses et sa carrière d’enseignant l’ont orienté dans d’autres directions. Après avoir fait la guerre, d’où il est revenu avec, notamment, la Légion d’honneur à titre militaire et le grade de capitaine, il a débuté le 4 décembre 1919 à l’Université de Strasbourg un enseignement de quatorze années. La préparation des conférences se situe pendant cette période charnière du retour à la vie active. Celles-ci constituent un précieux témoignage sur la manière dont Lucien Febvre se livre à ce que nous appellerions aujourd’hui un essai d’« histoire immédiate ».
Teachers' Perceptions of Interactive Boards for Teaching and Learning in Public and Private High Schools in the Arab Education System in Israel
Authors: Daher Wajeeh M. , Abu-Hussein Jamal , Alfahel Essa 
Published: March 2012

Interactive boards are becoming an integral part of the educational scene in schools in the western countries and are not considered just an additional aid to teaching. In Israel too, interactive boards are becoming gradually part of the educational scene, so evaluation is needed for various aspects of teachers' teaching and students' learning with these new tools. One such important aspect is teachers' perceptions of the interactive board as a tool for teaching and learning. This research intended to examine the difference between teachersâ?? perceptions of four aspects of the interactive boards: pedagogic, didactic, technical-pedagogic, and technical-didactic aspects. We examined teachers' perceptions of these aspects in public and private schools. In addition, we examined the difference between the perceptions of those who use the computer for teaching and those who do not. Further, we examined the reasons that prevent teachers from using the interactive boards in public schools as compared to private schools.
The data was collected through a questionnaire which examines teachersâ?? perceptions of four aspects of using the interactive boards. The participants were 217 high school teachers (157 public high school teachers and 60 private high school teachers). The research findings show that there exist significant differences between teachersâ?? perceptions of the interactive board for teaching and learning regarding (1) type of school, and (2) use of computers for teaching goals. No significant difference was found between reasons that prevent teachers from using the interactive boards in public and private school except one reason: the shortage of interactive board in every classroom. We discuss the findings and draw appropriate conclusions. It was also interesting to examine the reasons that prevent teachers from using the interactive boards, and whether there is difference in these reasons in public schools as compared to private schools.
Coordination between TLR9 Signaling in Macrophages and CD3 Signaling in T Cells Induces Robust Expression of IL-30
Authors: Dibra Denada , Cutrera Jeffry J. , Li Shulin 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
IL-30, the p28 subunit of IL-27, interacts with EBV-induced gene 3 to form IL-27, which modulates both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses during autoimmune or infectious disease. It also acts as a natural antagonist of gp130, thereby attenuating the signals of other gp130-associated cytokines. IL-30 regulation via LPS has been reported by others, but the intercellular communication that induces IL-30 expression is unknown. In this study, we show that treatment with anti-CD3/CD28 Abs plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induces robust expression of IL-30, whereas either treatment alone induces only low expression of IL-30. This observation in vitro mirrors the murine model in which administration of CpG under inflammatory conditions in vivo induces IL-30 expression. This robust induction of IL-30 occurs through the coordination of helper CD4+ T cells and innate immune cells (e.g., macrophages) and, to a lesser degree, B cells via the CD40/CD154 signaling pathway. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism that integrates signaling pathways from T cells and macrophages at the cellular level to induce IL-30 expression.
Regulatory T Cells Selectively Preserve Immune Privilege of Self-Antigens during Viral Central Nervous System Infection
Authors: Cervantes-Barragán Luisa , Firner Sonja , Bechmann Ingo , Waisman Ari , Lahl Katharina , Sparwasser Tim , Thiel Volker , Ludewig Burkhard 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are important for the attenuation of immune reactions. During viral CNS infections, however, an indiscriminate maintenance of CNS immune privilege through Treg-mediated negative regulation could prevent autoimmune sequelae but impair the control of viral replication. We analyzed in this study the impact of Tregs on the development of acute viral encephalomyelitis, T cell-mediated antiviral protection, and prevention of CNS autoimmunity following intranasal infection with the gliatropic mouse hepatitis virus strain A59. To assess the contribution of Tregs in vivo, we specifically depleted CD4+Foxp3+ T cells in a diphtheria toxin-dependent manner. We found that depletion of Tregs had no impact on viral distribution and clearance and did not significantly alter virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. However, Treg depletion led to a more severe CNS inflammation associated with neuronal damage. Dissection of the underlying immunopathological mechanisms revealed the elaborate Treg-dependent regulation of self-reactive CD4+ T cell proliferation within the CNS-draining lymph node and downtuning of CXCR3 expression on T cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Tregs preserve CNS immune privilege through selective control of CNS-specific Th cells while keeping protective antiviral immunity fully operative.
γ-Herpesvirus Reactivation Differentially Stimulates Epitope-Specific CD8 T Cell Responses
Authors: Freeman Michael L. , Burkum Claire E. , Jensen Meghan K. , Woodland David L. , Blackman Marcia A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The γ-herpesviruses are characterized by their ability to establish lifelong latency. Subsequent immune suppression leads to viral reactivation from latency and the onset of a variety of pathologies, including lymphoproliferative disease and cancers. CD8 T cells play a key role in preventing reactivation of latent virus. Therefore, to develop effective therapeutic immune strategies, it is essential to understand the maintenance of CD8 T cell responses during latency. Because the γ-herpesviruses are highly species-specific and mice cannot be infected with the human pathogens, EBV or Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, we have used a natural rodent γ-herpesvirus experimental infection model, γ-herpesvirus-68. In this report, we show that during long-term latent infection, naive CD8 T cells are recruited into the ongoing immune response in an epitope-specific manner. When virus reactivation is induced in vivo, the recruitment of CD8 T cells for some, but not all, epitopes is enhanced. The variation in recruitment is not due to differences in epitope presentation. We also show that CD8 T cells that are newly stimulated during reactivation are functionally impaired compared with acutely stimulated cells in terms of cytokine production. Thus, our results demonstrate unexpected complexity in the response of CD8 T cells specific for different viral epitopes that were stimulated during acute infection, quiescent latency, and reactivation.
Virtue and Meaningful Work
Authors: Beadle Ron , Knight Kelvin 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT:This article deploys Alasdair MacIntyre’s Aristotelian virtue ethics, in which meaningfulness is understood to supervene on human functioning, to bring empirical and ethical accounts of meaningful work into dialogue. Whereas empirical accounts have presented the experience of meaningful work either in terms of agents’ orientation to work or as intrinsic to certain types of work, ethical accounts have largely assumed the latter formulation and subjected it to considerations of distributive justice. This article critiques both the empirical and ethical literatures from the standpoint of MacIntyre’s account of the relationship between the development of virtuous dispositions and participation in work that is productive of goods internal to practices. This reframing suggests new directions for empirical and ethical enquiries.
Blood component support in acquired coagulopathic conditions: Is there a method to the madness?
Authors: Pandit Trailokya Nath , Sarode Ravindra 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAcquired coagulopathies are often detected by laboratory investigation in clinical practice. There is a poor correlation between mild to moderate abnormalities of laboratory test and bleeding tendency. Patients who are bleeding due to coagulopathy are often managed with various blood components including plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. However, prophylactic transfusion of these products in a nonbleeding patient to correct mild to moderate abnormality of a coagulation test especially preprocedure is not evidence‐based. This article reviews the management of bleeding due to oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, disseminated intravascular coagulation, chronic liver disease, and trauma. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduced‐intensity conditioning in unrelated donor cord blood transplantation for familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Nishi Masanori , Nishimura Ryosei , Suzuki Nobuhiro , Sawada Akihisa , Okamura Takayuki , Fujita Naoto , Kanai Rie , Yano Jun , Adachi Souichi , Yasumi Takahiro , Sato Emiko , Yasutomo Koji , Ishii Eiichi , Ohga Shouichi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFamilial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a disorder of immune homeostasis characterized by fever, cytopenias, hepatosplenomegaly, and coagulopathy. We studied the outcomes of 13 FHL patients who underwent the first unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) after non‐myeloablative conditionings. The major regimen consisted of fludarabine (FLU; n = 12)+melphalan (MEL; n = 11)±low‐dose total body irradiation (TBI 2‐4 Gy; n = 6). The median age at presentation and period to UCBT were 6 and 5 months, respectively. Central nervous system (CNS) disease developed in one infant at diagnosis, and in two others until UCBT. HLH activity was controlled in all but one at the time of UCBT. Ten patients had early engraftment on median day 21 with no grade >2 treatment‐related toxicity and two controllable grade >2 acute GVHD. Two patients with early rejection successfully underwent subsequent UCBT after myeloablative conditioning. Two others had late graft failure following mixed donor chimerism. Two deaths occurred from HLH; early liver failure and late CNS disease. Of 11 FLU+MEL‐conditioned patients, the frequency of disease‐free complete engraftment was higher for MEL (≥120 mg/m2)+TBI, or high‐dose MEL (180 mg/m2) than for others (83% vs. 25%, p = 0.036). The FLU+MEL‐based non‐myeloablative regimen was acceptable for FHL infants undergoing UCBT, although further studies will be needed for confirmation. Am. J. Hematol. 87:637–639, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The literature on inhibitors: Articles that influence my management of patients with hemophilia A and high‐titer inhibitors
Authors: Leissinger Cindy A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHigh‐titer inhibitors represent the greatest management challenge faced by clinicians who treat patients with hemophilia A, as bleeding episodes no longer respond to standard factor VIII replacement therapy. Over the last seven decades, major strides have been made in inhibitor treatment. This article focuses on the seminal clinical observations and studies that provided the foundation for these advances in hemophilia care. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In multiple myeloma, bone‐marrow lymphocytes harboring the same chromosomal abnormalities as autologous plasma cells predict poor survival
Authors: Debes Marun Carina S. , Belch Andrew R. , Pilarski Linda M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractChromosomal abnormalities in plasma cells (PCs) from multiple myeloma (MM) provide a clonal signature to identify malignant cells. BM‐lymphocytes from MM aspirates, defined by stringent criteria, were screened for the same chromosomal abnormalities as autologous PCs, including translocations, deletions, and amplifications. For 200 MM patients, we evaluated BM mononuclear cells to identify lymphocytes and autologous PCs on the same slide, followed by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization to characterize their chromosomal abnormalities. Of all patients having a given chromosomal abnormality(s) in PCs, 45% showed that same abnormality(s) in 2–37% (median = 5%) of BM‐lymphocytes. Most translocations, amplifications, and deletions found in MM PCs were also detected in lymphocytes, above the healthy‐donor “cut‐off.” In patients having chromosomally abnormal CD20− PCs, chromosomally abnormal lymphocytes were found among CD20+ cells confirming them as B cells. Exceptions were amplification of 1q21 or p53 deletion, which characterize PCs but were undetectable in BM‐lymphocytes, suggesting that processes leading to these abnormalities may be exclusive to PCs. For a set of 75 patients whose BM‐lymphocytes and PCs were analyzed by all six probe sets, 58% of those with abnormal PC also had abnormal BM‐lymphocytes harboring from one to five different abnormalities. Confirming the clinical significance of chromosomally abnormal BM‐lymphocytes, MM patients having abnormalities in both lymphocytes and PC had significantly worse survival than those with abnormalities only in PC (HR = 2.68). The presence of at least one chromosomal abnormality in BM‐lymphocytes appears to have greater clinical significance than particular abnormalities. Chromosomally abnormal BM‐lymphocytes correlate with poor outcome and by extrapolation with more aggressive disease. Am. J. Hematol. 87:579–587, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tap water or “sterile” water for sinus irrigations: what are our patients using?
Authors: Sowerby Leigh J. , Wright Erin D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:Nasal saline irrigations are a valuable, widely used adjunct for the management of chronic rhinosinusitis. Due to potential concerns regarding infection, patients are commonly recommended to use distilled, bottled, or boiled tap water when mixing these solutions. Anecdotally, patients frequently inform otolaryngologists that they use tap water for irrigation preparation. The purpose of this study was to assess patient adherence to preparation guidelines.Methods:This study was a cross‐sectional, anonymous survey of 100 consecutive patients using nasal saline irrigations for chronic rhinosinusitis on the instruction of the senior author. Patients received their instructions in a standardized manner including printed handouts and had been instructed to use distilled, bottled, or boiled tap water.Results:Patients almost uniformly reported improvement in their symptoms with the use of saline irrigations. No single water preparation was used by a majority of patients. However, tap water was used by 48% and the most common reason cited for using tap water was convenience. Of the patients using bottled, distilled, or boiled tap water, 65% described the process as “mildly” or “moderately” inconvenient. A large majority (70%) of patients report not adhering to cleaning instructions for their sinus rinse bottles.Conclusion:Despite standardized instructions for the preparation of saline irrigation solutions, many patients use untreated tap water. The extremely rare, but typically fatal, risk of meningoencephalitis from Naegleria fowlerii makes this a potential health hazard. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Expression, purification, and characterization of authentic mouse prolactin obtained in Escherichia coli periplasmic space
Authors: Suzuki Miriam F. , Arthuso Fernanda S. , Oliveira João E. , Oliveira Nélio A. J. , Goulart Herbert R. , Capone Marcos V. N. , Ribela Maria Teresa C. P. , Bartolini Paolo , Soares Carlos R. J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractProlactin (PRL) is a pleiotropic hormone produced by lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland and is mainly related to lactation control and reproduction. Recombinant mouse prolactin (r‐mPRL), never obtained in its authentic form, can be very useful for research and tests in animal models, in which human prolactin (hPRL) is usually employed in a heterologous mode. Synthesis of r‐mPRL was carried out here via secretion in Escherichia coli periplasmic space using a plasmid containing mPRL cDNA joined to the DsbA signal peptide sequence under the control of a constitutive major leftward promoter of the bacteriophage λ (λPL). Fermentation in a pilot bioreactor was carried out at 30°C, with 6 H of induction at 37°C, reaching an optical density of 23 A600 units, a specific yield of 0.06–0.1 µg mPRL/(mL A600), and a concentration of up to 2.2 µg/mL. Even with such a low yield and a poor mass fraction, r‐mPRL was purified via a three‐step laboratory process based on hydrophobic chromatography, reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography, and high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The purified hormone was then characterized using SDS‐PAGE, Western blotting, and HPSEC and showed, by Nb2 rat lymphoma cell proliferation assay, a bioactivity of 39.5 IU/mg, determined against the International Standard of recombinant hPRL [World Health Organization (WHO)‐97/714].
Innovation in biological microscopy: Current status and future directions
Authors: Swedlow Jason R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe current revolution in biological microscopy stems from the realisation that advances in optics and computational tools and automation make the modern microscope an instrument that can access all scales relevant to modern biology – from individual molecules all the way to whole tissues and organisms and from single snapshots to time‐lapse recordings sampling from milliseconds to days. As these and more new technologies appear, the challenges of delivering them to the community grows as well. I discuss some of these challenges, and the examples where openly shared technology have made an impact on the field.
Ruthenium and Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Feng , Neumann Helfried 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOver the last few decades, carbonylation reactions have been accepted as important chemical transformations for both academic and industrial research. Carboxylic acid derivatives are the main product of carbonylation and are widely used in organic synthesis and fine chemicals preparation. Carbonylation reactions can increase the carbon chain of parent molecules, while introducing a carbonyl group. Herein, the main developments on ruthenium‐ and rhodium‐catalyzed carbonylation are summarized. Compared with palladium catalysts, ruthenium and rhodium catalyzed reactions are a powerful method for activating CH bonds under mild and phosphine free conditions.