bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein expression during the embryonic development of a gastropod
Authors: Sun Jin , Zhang Yu , Thiyagarajan Vengatesen , Qian Pei‐Yuan , Qiu Jian‐Wen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDespite the potential use of gastropod embryos in basic and applied research, little is known about their protein expression. We examined, for the first time, changes in proteomic profile during embryonic development of Pomacea canaliculata from an embryo without a shell (stage II) to an embryo with a fully formed shell (stage III) to understand the roles that proteins play in critical developmental events, such as the formation of shell, operculum and heart, and the differentiation of head and foot. To analyze protein expression during development, we used 2‐DE to detect, MS to analyze, and de novo peptide sequencing followed by MS‐BLAST to identify the proteins. The de novo cross‐species protein identification method was adopted because of a lack of genomic and proteomic data in the whole class of Gastropoda. 2‐DE detected approximately 700 protein spots. Among the 125 spots that were abundant, 52% were identified, a marked improvement over the conventional direct MS‐BLAST method. These proteins function in perivitelline fluid utilization, shell formation, protein synthesis and folding, and cell cycle and cell fate determination, providing evidence to support that this embryonic period is a period of dynamic protein synthesis and metabolism. The data shall provide a basis for further studies of how gastropod embryos respond to natural and human‐induced changes in the environment.
Synthesis and conformation of an analog of the helix‐loop‐helix domain of the Id1 protein containing the O‐acyl iso‐prolyl‐seryl switch motif
Authors: Beisswenger Michael , Yoshiya Taku , Kiso Yoshiaki , Cabrele Chiara 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSynthetic peptides reproducing the helix‐loop‐helix (HLH) domains of the Id proteins fold into highly stable helix bundles upon self‐association. Recently, we have shown that the replacement of the dipeptide Val‐Ser at the loop–helix‐2 junction with the corresponding O‐acyl iso‐dipeptide leads to a completely unfolded state that only refolds after intramolecular O → N acyl migration. Herein, we report on an Id HLH analog based on the substitution of the Pro‐Ser motif at the helix‐1–loop junction with the corresponding O‐acyl iso‐dipeptide. This analog has been successfully synthesized by solid‐phase Fmoc chemistry upon suppression of DKP formation. No secondary structure could be detected for the O‐acyl iso‐peptide before its conversion into the native form by O → N acyl shift. These results show that the loop–helix junctions are determinant for the folded/unfolded state of the Id HLH domain. Further, despite the high risk of DKP formation, peptides containing O‐acyl iso‐Pro‐Ser/Thr units are synthetically accessible by Fmoc chemistry. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transparent semiconducting oxides: materials and devices
Authors: Grundmann Marius , Frenzel Heiko , Lajn Alexander , Lorenz Michael , Schein Friedrich , von Wenckstern Holger 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTransparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are a well‐known material class allowing Ohmic conduction. A large free carrier concentration in the 1021 cm−3 range and high conductivity (beyond 104 S/cm) is feasible simultaneously with high transparency. Applications are manifold and include touch screens and front contacts for displays or solar cells. Transparent semiconducting oxides (TSO) are oxides with an intermediate free carrier concentration (typically 1014–1018 cm−3) allowing the formation of depletion layers. We review recent results on TSO‐based transistors and inverters. Most work has been reported on MISFETs. We show that MESFETs exhibit high performance and low voltage operation of oxide electronics. MESFET‐based inverters offer superior performance compared to results reported for TSO MISFET‐based circuits. magnified image
Optical image of inverter based on thin film MESFETs with Mg0.003Zn0.997O channels (left) and experimental inverter characteristic for supply voltage of $V_{{\rm DD}} = + 2.0\;{\rm V}$ (right).
InGaN based light emitting diodes with Ga doped ZnO as transparent conducting oxide
Authors: Li X. , Liu H. Y. , Liu S. , Ni X. , Wu M. , Avrutin V. , Izyumskaya N. , Özgür Ü. , Morkoç H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe report on the electrical and optical properties of InGaN based light emitting diodes (LEDs) utilizing Ga doped ZnO (GZO) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) as a highly transparent contact p‐electrode (GZO‐LEDs). For comparison, the LEDs with semi‐transparent thin Ni/Au (5/5 nm) current spreading layers were also fabricated on the same wafer (Ni/Au‐LEDs). Unpackaged GZO‐LEDs with 200 µm diameter showed negligible light output degradation for up to 30 min under CW current of 100 mA (corresponding to a 318 A/cm2 current density), while the light output for Ni/Au‐LEDs was reduced by 85% after only 5 min of operation due to the severe current crowding effect (or current filamentation). Pulsed electroluminescence (EL) measurements revealed that the GZO‐LEDs exhibit 50% higher EL intensity for the same current levels.
The inhibitory effects of nano‐Ag on voltage‐gated potassium currents of hippocampal CA1 neurons
Authors: Liu Zhaowei , Ren Guogang , Zhang Tao , Yang Zhuo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe application of the nano‐sized materials continues to grow at a rapid rate in the fields of medicine, biotechnology, and environmental technology. Voltage‐gated potassium currents play a key role in excitable cellular viability and function, especially in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the actions of silver nano‐particles (nano‐Ag) on voltage‐activated potassium currents in hippocampal CA1 neurons using whole cell patch‐clamp technique. The hydrodynamic mean diameter of nano‐Ag (10−5g mL−1) was 223.9 nm in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). Both types, transient potassium (IA) and delayed rectifier potassium (IK) current amplitudes were inhibited by the nano‐Ag (10−5g mL−1). The nano‐Ag particles produced a hyperpolarizing shift in the activation‐voltage curve of IK and inactivation‐voltage curve of IA and also delayed the recovery of IA from inactivation. The results suggest that nano‐Ag may have potential to alter the excitability of neurons by depressing the potassium channels. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
A comparison of hepatocyte cytotoxic mechanisms for thallium (I) and thallium (III)
Authors: Pourahmad Jalal , Eskandari Mohammad Reza , Daraei Bahram 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThallium (Tl) is a highly toxic heavy metal though up to now its mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we comparatively investigated the cytotoxic mechanisms of Tl(I) and Tl(III) in isolated rat hepatocytes. Both Tl(I) and Tl(III) cytotoxicities were associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspases cascade, lysosomal membrane leakiness, and cellular proteolysis. Hepatocyte glutathione (GSH) was also rapidly oxidized. GSH‐depleted hepatocytes were more resistant to Tl(I)‐induced cytotoxicity, ROS formation and lipid peroxidation. This suggests that Tl(I) is reductively activated by GSH. On the other hand, GSH‐depleted hepatocytes were much more sensitive to Tl(III)‐induced cytotoxicity, ROS formation, and lipid peroxidation. This suggests that GSH only plays an antioxidant role against Tl(III) cytotoxicity. Our results also showed that CYP2E1 involves in Tl(I) and Tl(III) oxidative stress cytotoxicity mechanism and both cations detoxified via methylation. In conclusion, both Tl(I) and Tl(III) cytotoxicities were associated with mutual mitochondrial/lysosomal injuries (cross‐talk) initiated by increased ROS formation resulted from metal‐CYP2E1 destructive interaction or metal‐induced disruption of mitochondrial electron transfer chain. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
Heterometallic Trinuclear Complexes of Macrocyclic Oxamide: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Ying , Sun Ya‐Qiu , Fan Lan‐Lan , Xu Yan‐Yan , Gao Dong‐Zhao 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTwo heterometallic trinuclear complexes of macrocyclic oxamide [Co(NiL1)2L2(H2O)]·3H2O (1) and [Mn(NiL1)2L2(H2O)]·0.5CH3OH·1.5H2O (2) (H2L1 = 2,3‐dioxo‐5,6,14,15‐dibenzo‐1,4,8,12‐tetraazacyclopentadeca‐7,13‐diene, H2L2 = 5‐sulfosalicylic acid) were synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses reveal that both the complexes contain discrete neutral trinuclear [(NiL1)2ML2(H2O)] (for 1 and 2, M = Co, Mn, respectively) moieties. The structures of 1 and 2 have oxamido‐bridged trinuclear [MIINiII2] units and consist of one‐dimensional chains formed by strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the magnetic properties of complex 1 were investigated and discussed in detail.
Zinc(II) Complexes with 1H‐Imidazol‐4‐yl‐Containing Polyamine Ligand
Authors: Qi Zhao‐Peng , Yuan Qing , Cai Kai , Okamura Taka‐aki , Sun Wei‐Yin , Ueyama Norikazu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe protonation and ZnII/CuII complexation constants of tripodal polyamine ligand N1‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐N1‐(1H‐imidazol‐4‐ylmethyl)‐ethane‐1,2‐diamine (HL) were determined by potentiometric titration. Three new compounds, i.e. [H3(HL)](ClO4)3 (5), [Zn(HL)Cl](ClO4) (6) and {[Zn(L)](ClO4)}n (7) were obtained by reactions of HL·4HCl with Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O under different reaction pH, and they were compared with the corresponding CuII complexes reported previously. The results indicate that the reaction pH and metal ions have remarkable influence on the formation and structure of the complexes.
Schrittweise Darstellung von verzweigten tripodalen Chlor‐Methyl‐Siloxanen der allgemeinen Formel tBuSi[{OSiMe2}yOSiMe3–xClx]3 [x = 0–3; y = 0–2] sowie Synthese der Silanole tBuSi[(OSiMe2)xOH]3 [x = 1, 2] und des bicyclischen Siloxans tBuSi(OSiMe2O)3SitBu
Authors: Veith Michael , Rammo Andreas , Schütt Oliver , Huch Volker 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe branched tripodal chloro‐methyl‐siloxanes of the general formula tBuSi[{OSiMe2}yOSiMe3–xClx]3 [x = 0–3; y = 0–2] were synthesized, starting with tert‐Butyl‐trisilanol (1). The treatment of 1 with the chloro‐methyl‐silanes (Me3–xSiClx+1) (x = 0–3) in the presence of triethylamine leads to the compounds tBuSi(OSiMe2Cl)3 (2), tBuSi(OSiMeCl2)3 (3) and tBuSi(OSiCl3)3 (4). The siloxanes 2–4 are colourless oily liquids, which can be purified by distillation. Their yields decrease with the number of chloro substituents. In the reaction of compound 2 with three equivalents of water the silantriol tBuSi(OSiMe2OH)3 (5) is generated which is used to create the branched tripodal chloro‐methyl‐siloxanes tBuSi(OSiMe2OSiMe3)3 (6), tBuSi(OSiMe2OSiMe2Cl)3 (7), tBuSi(OSiMe2OSiMeCl2)3 (9) and tBuSi(OSiMe2OSiCl3)3 (10). Compound (7) is only a side product with a yield of 25 %., The cyclic tBuSi[{(OSiMe2)2Cl}(OSiMe2)3O] (8) can be isolated and characterised. The transformation of the compound tBuSi(OSiMe2OSiMe2Cl)3 (7) into the trisilanol tBuSi(OSiMe2OSiMe2OH)3 (11) allows to prepare the tripodale siloxane tBuSi(OSiMe2OSiMe2OSiMe3)3 (12) in good yields., The reaction of tBuSi(OSiMe2Cl)3 (2) with tert‐butyl trisilanol 1 leads to the formation of bicyclic tBuSi(OSiMe2O)3SitBu (13). An X‐ray structure determination on 13 reveals a [3.3.3]‐bicycle with a C3 axis, which crystallizes in the cubic crystal system in the space group Pa$\bar{3}$. The reported compounds 2–13 were characterised by NMR‐ and IR spectroscopy (5, 11) and show correct elemental analyses. The 29Si‐NMR‐data of the compounds show interesting trends with respect to the Si–O chain length and the chloro substistuents.
Nickel(II) N‐Benzyl‐N‐methyldithiocarbamato Complexes as Precursors for the Preparation of Graphite Oxidation Accelerators
Authors: Trávníček Zdeněk , Pastorek Richard , Štarha Pavel , Popa Igor , Slovák Václav 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe nickel(II) N‐benzyl‐N‐methyldithiocarbamato (BzMedtc) complexes [Ni(BzMedtc)(PPh3)Cl] (1), [Ni(BzMedtc)(PPh3)Br] (2), [Ni(BzMedtc)(PPh3)I] (3), and [Ni(BzMedtc)(PPh3)(NCS)] (4) were synthesized using the reaction of [Ni(BzMedtc)2] and [NiX2(PPh3)2] (X = Cl, Br, I and NCS). Subsequently, complex 1 was used for the preparation of [Ni(BzMedtc)(PPh3)2]ClO4 (5), [Ni(BzMedtc)(PPh3)2]BPh4 (6), and [Ni(BzMedtc)(PPh3)2]PF6 (7). The obtained complexes 1–7 were characterized by elemental analysis, thermal analysis and spectroscopic methods (IR, UV/Vis, 31P{1H} NMR). The results of the magnetochemical and molar conductivity measurements proved the complexes as diamagnetic non‐electrolytes (1–4) or 1:1 electrolytes (5–7). The molecular structures of 4 and 5·H2O were determined by a single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. In all cases, the NiII atom is tetracoordinated in a distorted square‐planar arrangement with the S2PX, and S2P2 donor set, respectively. The catalytic influence of selected complexes 1, 3, 5, and 6 on graphite oxidation was studied. The results clearly indicated that the presence of the products of thermal degradation processes of the mentioned complexes has impact on the course of graphite oxidation. A decrease in the oxidation start temperatures by about 60–100 °C was observed in the cases of all the tested complexes in comparison with pure graphite.
PdZn or ZnPd: Charge Transfer and Pd–Pd Bonding as the Driving Force for the Tetragonal Distortion of the Cubic Crystal Structure
Authors: Friedrich Matthias , Ormeci Alim , Grin Yuri , Armbrüster Marc 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe intermetallic compound PdZn was reported to have two modifications, the tetragonal CuAu‐type low‐temperature phase and the cubic CsCl‐type high‐temperature phase. The existence of the cubic high‐temperature phase at the equiatomic composition could not be proven experimentally. Calculations of the total energy reveal a minimum at c/a = 1.155, clearly excluding the cubic structure at the equiatomic composition in the system Pd‐Zn. Analysis of the chemical bonding applying the electron localizability approach reveals charge transfer from zinc to palladium and proves direct Pd–Pd interactions in the (001) plane to be the main reason for the tetragonal distortion of the cubic CsCl‐type structural pattern for ZnPd.
Borazine Based Molecular Single Source Precursors for Si/B/N/C Ceramics
Authors: Schurz Fanny , Jansen Martin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe family of borazines [(SiCl3)NB(Cln(CH3)1–n]3 was synthesized and characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, as wellas by single crystal structure analysis. After cross‐linking with methylamine, a soluble polymer was obtained that was transformed to anall‐inorganic random network of nominal composition Si1.0B1.0N3.0C0.9O0.1 (idealized SiBN3C) at 1400 °C. With an on‐set of weight loss at 1840 °C and a resistance against rapid oxidation in pure oxygen of up to 1300 °C, the new Si/B/N/C ceramic shows a high temperature performance similar to those of previously reported Si/B/N/C materials.
Direktsynthese und Kristallstruktur von [BeBr2(CH3CN)2]
Authors: Neumüller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe berylliumbromide‐acetonitrile complex [BeBr2(CH3CN)2] (1) was prepared in a one‐step synthesis from beryllium powder and bromine in acetonitrile at room temperature to give colourless single crystals, which were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. Compound 1 crystallizes orthorhombically in the space group Pnma with four formula units per unit cell. Lattice dimensions at 100(2) K: a = 1253.1(1), b = 1003.7(1), c = 650.8(1) pm, R1 = 0.0217. The structure of 1 consists of monomeric molecules with site symmetry m and distances Be–Br of 214.7(5) pm and Be–N of 171.3(4) pm.
Clinical Outcomes of Video‐Assisted Skin‐Sparing Partial Mastectomy for Breast Cancer and Immediate Reconstruction with Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap as Breast‐Conserving Therapy
Authors: Nakajima Hiroo , Fujiwara Ikuya , Mizuta Naruhiko , Sakaguchi Koichi , Ohashi Mahiro , Nishiyama Asako , Umeda Yoshimi , Ichida Miho , Magae Junji 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundSkin‐sparing partial mastectomy (SSPM) has yet to be investigated as a breast‐conserving therapy for early‐stage breast cancer. We report the clinical outcomes for video‐assisted SSPM (VA‐SSPM) with immediate breast reconstruction using autogenous tissue.MethodsVA‐SSPM is indicated for early‐stage breast cancer arising in the upper‐outer or lower‐outer quadrant without skin involvement. An incision is placed along the midaxillary line, and SSPM is performed under endoscopic guidance using subcutaneous tunneling and lifting methods. Through the same incision, a latissimus dorsi muscle flap is harvested for breast reconstruction. From January 2000 to October 2007, 168 patients (Tis, n = 24; T1, n = 37; T2, n = 107) underwent VA‐SSPM, and morbidity, curability, and postoperative patient satisfaction were investigated.ResultsPostoperative complications included skin necrosis (2.4%, n = 4) and muscle flap necrosis (0.6%, n = 1), but no severe complications were observed. After a mean follow‐up of 58.6 months, eight patients (4.8%) experienced local recurrence. Sixty‐month distant metastasis‐free survival rates for Tis, T1, and T2 were 100%, 97%, and 83.3%, respectively, with an overall rate of 88.4%. Furthermore, overall survival rates for Tis, T1, and T2 were 100%, 94.1%, and 94.4%, respectively, with an overall survival rate of 95% for all patients. A patient satisfaction survey showed that 81.6% of patients evaluated the surgery as “good.”ConclusionsVA‐SSPM for early‐stage breast cancer improves cosmetic results and achieves high patient satisfaction without increasing local or distant organ recurrence. This method offers a useful local therapy for early‐stage breast cancer.
Lessons from 30 years of selective screening for tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
Authors: Dhondt Jean‐Louis 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn addition to being hyperphenylalaninemic, patients lacking tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) are deficient in the neurotransmitters whose synthesis depends on the normal activity of tetrahydrobiopterin‐dependent tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases. Consequently, these patients have to be rapidly recognized among hyperphenylalaninemic babies, since they need specific and early substitutive therapy. Since 1980, BH4 metabolism has been investigated in 2,186 hyperphenylalaninemic babies, using HPLC measurement of pteridines in urine to recognize tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis deficiency (GTP cyclohydrolase and PTPS deficiency) and direct DHPR assay in dried blood samples to recognize DHPR deficiency. A total of 73 tetrahydrobiopterin deficient patients have been detected. Considering the group of neonates born in France (1,342), out of the 32 BH4 deficient patients which have been detected, only 8 were from caucasian families. The lessons from that experience are: (1) tests on blood and urine collected on filter paper cards commend itself by their convenience and simplicity, and samples can be collected on the first visit of the screened infants to the out‐patient clinic; and (2) the preconceaved idea that newborns with moderate elevation of blood phenylalanine are false positives of the screening or mild forms of hyperphenylalaninemia explains that a significant number of cases were investigated after 1 month of age; however, in half of BH4‐deficient babies, blood phenylalanine was below 10 mg/dl (0.6 mmol/l).
Genes, suicide and decisions
Authors: Courtet P. , Guillaume S. , Malafosse A. , Jollant F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveA better understanding of the pathophysiology of suicidal behaviour (SB) may enable the discovery of more specific treatments and a better identification of vulnerable patients. The vulnerability to SB appears to be underlied by genetic factors coding for traits rendering the individual less able to cope with stressing situations, and more likely to be engaged in a suicidal process.MethodDuring the recent years, neuroscientific studies begun to identify potential endophenotypes.ResultsWe have shown that disadvantageous decision making (DM) was involved in the vulnerability to SB. DM impairment appears to be independent of comorbid psychiatric disorders, associated with emotional dysregulation (i.e. affective lability trait and skin conductance responses), and modulated by serotonergic genotypes associated with SB. In recent fMRI studies, the region that is likely involved in DM, is overactivited in response to angry faces, suggesting a higher sensitivity to specific negative social stimuli. Deficit in risk evaluation and excessive response to specific emotional stimuli may represent key processes in the vulnerability to SB.ConclusionsThese potential endophenotypes may represent future relevant markers of vulnerability for the identification of vulnerable patients, and relevant targets for the development of new treatments.
Addressing critical gaps in achieving universal access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH): The case for improving adolescent SRH, preventing unsafe abortion, and enhancing linkages between SRH and HIV interventions
Authors: Mbizvo Michael Takura , Zaidi Shahida 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe new target for achieving universal access to reproductive health was integrated within the revised Millennium Development Goal framework in October 2008, following reaffirmation of this ICPD goal at the 2005 World Summit. To achieve this goal, the Alliance for Women's Health identified 3 issues needing urgent attention: (1) adolescent sexual and reproductive health; (2) unsafe abortions and related mortality and morbidity; and (3) HIV prevention and care. These themes were discussed in Cape Town at the FIGO 2009 Precongress Workshop convened by the Alliance. The critical gaps identified by the Workshop included: the lack of information on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues for adolescents, such as safe sexual practices, contraception, risks related to early childbearing; unsafe abortion and its adverse consequences; and inadequate linkages between sexual and reproductive health and HIV interventions that result in missed opportunities for addressing both. Recommendations included the use of innovative information dissemination techniques, ensuring access to family planning and comprehensive abortion care to the full extent allowed by national laws, in accordance with FIGO and WHO guidelines, and promotion of universal HIV counseling and testing with opt‐out strategies within SRH services and information on SRH in all HIV services.
Critical gaps in universal access to reproductive health: Contraception and prevention of unsafe abortion
Authors: Culwell Kelly R. , Vekemans Marcel , de Silva Upeka , Hurwitz Manuelle , Crane Barbara B. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractUnsafe abortion accounts for a significant proportion of maternal deaths, yet it is often forgotten in discussions around reducing maternal mortality. Prevention of unsafe abortion starts with prevention of unwanted pregnancies, most effectively through contraception. When unwanted pregnancies occur, provision of safe, legal abortion services can further prevent unsafe abortions. If complications arise from unsafe abortion, emergency treatment must be available. Recommendations made on this issue during the Precongress Workshop held prior to the 2009 FIGO World Congress in Cape Town, South Africa, were part of a report that was adopted by the FIGO General Assembly. These recommendations address prevention of unsafe abortion and its consequences and support access to safe abortion care to the full extent allowed by national laws, along with 6 strategies for implementation, including integration of family planning into other reproductive health services, adequate training for providers, task‐sharing with mid‐level providers, and using evidence to discuss this issue with key stakeholders.