bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in adolescent emotional problems in England: a comparison of two national cohorts twenty years apart
Authors: Collishaw Stephan , Maughan Barbara , Natarajan Lucy , Pickles Andrew 
Published: May 2010

Background: Evidence about trends in adolescent emotional problems (depression and anxiety) is inconclusive, because few studies have used comparable measures and samples at different points in time. We compared rates of adolescent emotional problems in two nationally representative English samples of youth 20 years apart using identical symptom screens in each survey.Methods: Nationally representative community samples of 16–17‐year‐olds living in England in 1986 and 2006 were compared. In 1986, 4524 adolescents and 7120 parents of young people participated in the age‐16‐year follow‐up of the 1970 British Cohort Study. In 2006, 719 adolescents and 734 parents participated in a follow‐up of children sampled from the 2002/2003 Health Surveys for England. Adolescents completed the Malaise Inventory and 12‐item General Health Questionnaire. Parents completed the Rutter‐A scale. Individual symptoms of depression and anxiety were coded combining across relevant questionnaire items. Young people also reported frequency of feeling anxious or depressed.Results: Youth‐ and parent‐reported emotional problems were more prevalent in 2006 for girls, and rates of parent‐reported problems increased for boys. Twice as many young people reported frequent feelings of depression or anxiety in 2006 as in 1986. Some symptoms showed marked change in prevalence over time (e.g., worry, irritability, fatigue), whereas others showed no change (e.g., loss of enjoyment, worthlessness). There was no evidence of differential trends in emotional problems for young people from socially advantaged and disadvantaged or intact and non‐intact families. Changes in family structure and ethnic composition did not account for trends in youth emotional problems.Conclusions: The study provides evidence for a substantial increase in adolescent emotional problems in England over recent decades, especially among girls.
Do tubers contain function? Resection of epileptogenic foci in perirolandic cortex in children with tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Moshel Yaron A. , Elliott Robert , Teutonico Federica , Sellin Jonathan , Carlson Chad , Devinsky Orrin , Weiner Howard L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPurpose: Surgical resection of single, dominant, epileptogenic lesions in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is now accepted as an effective therapy. However, patients with symptomatic tubers in eloquent cortex are sometimes not offered surgery because of the concern for postoperative neurologic morbidity. In this study, we examine our results in children undergoing surgery for resection of tubers and associated seizure foci in rolandic and perirolandic cortex.Methods: Between 1998 and 2008, 52 pediatric patients (mean age 4 years) with TSC underwent epilepsy surgery at the NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center. Fifteen of these patients underwent multistage surgery for invasive mapping of seizure foci and surrounding functional cortex followed by resection of tubers/seizure foci in or near rolandic cortex. Data were retrospectively collected and neurologic outcomes were tabulated.Results: Postoperatively, four patients (27%) had either new hemiparesis or worsening of a preexisting hemiparesis. However, all patients were back to their neurologic baselines at 3‐month follow‐up, yielding no permanent postoperative deficits. The modified Engel outcome was class I in nine patients (60%), class II in three patients (20%), class III in two patients (13%), and class IV in one patient (7%) after 40 months mean follow‐up.Discussion: Surgical resection of tubers and associated epileptogenic foci in rolandic and perirolandic cortex in children with TSC is feasible, with low neurologic morbidity, and yields good seizure control. These results suggest that tubers and perituberal epileptogenic foci can be safely resected even in eloquent regions because of reorganization of functional cortex or because these lesions contain no neurologic function.
Anticonvulsant and proconvulsant actions of 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose
Authors: Gasior Maciej , Yankura Jessica , Hartman Adam L. , French Amy , Rogawski Michael A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPurpose: 2‐Deoxy‐d‐glucose (2‐DG), a glucose analog that accumulates in cells and interferes with carbohydrate metabolism by inhibiting glycolytic enzymes, has anticonvulsant actions. Recognizing that severe glucose deprivation can induce seizures, we sought to determine whether acute treatment with 2‐DG can promote seizure susceptibility by assessing its effects on seizure threshold. For comparison, we studied 3‐methyl‐glucose (3‐MG), which like 2‐DG accumulates in cells and reduces glucose uptake, but does not inhibit glycolysis.Methods: Mice were treated with 2‐DG or 3‐MG and the seizure threshold determined in the 6‐Hz test, the mouse electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test, and the intravenous pentylenetetrazol (i.v. PTZ) or kainic acid (i.v. KA) seizure threshold tests. 2‐DG was also tested in fully amygdala‐kindled rats.Results: 2‐DG (125–500 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min before testing) significantly elevated the seizure threshold in the 6‐Hz seizure test. 2‐DG (250–500 mg/kg) decreased the threshold in the MEST and i.v. PTZ and i.v. KA tests. 3‐MG had no effect on seizure threshold in the 6‐Hz test but, like 2‐DG, decreased seizure threshold in the i.v. PTZ test. 2‐DG (250 and 500 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min before testing) had no effect on amygdala‐kindled seizures.Conclusions: Although 2‐DG protects against seizures in the 6‐Hz seizure test, it promotes seizures in some other models. The proconvulsant action may relate to reduced glucose uptake, whereas the anticonvulsant action may require inhibition of glycolysis and shunting of glucose metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway.
Is the Full Version of the AUDIT Really Necessary? Study of the Validity and Internal Construct of Its Abbreviated Versions
Authors: Meneses‐Gaya Carolina , Zuardi Antonio W. , Loureiro Sonia R. , Hallak Jaime E. C. , Trzesniak Clarissa , De Azevedo Marques João M. , Machado‐de‐Sousa João P. , Chagas Marcos H. N. , Souza Roberto M. , Crippa José A. S. 
Published: May 2010

Background:  This study was aimed at assessing the psychometric qualities of the abbreviated versions of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT‐3, AUDIT‐4, AUDIT‐C, AUDIT‐PC, AUDIT‐QF, FAST, and Five‐Shot) and at comparing them to the 10‐item AUDIT and the CAGE in 2 samples of Brazilian adults.Methods:  The validity and internal consistency of the scales were assessed in a sample of 530 subjects attended at an emergency department and at a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV was used as the diagnostic comparative measure for the predictive validity assessment. The concurrent validity between the scales was analyzed by means of Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results:  The assessment of the predictive validity of the abbreviated versions showed high sensitivity (of 0.78 to 0.96) and specificity (of 0.74 to 0.94) indices, with areas under the curve as elevated as those of the AUDIT (0.89 and 0.92 to screen for abuse and 0.93 and 0.95 in the screening of dependence). The CAGE presented lower indices: 0.81 for abuse and 0.87 for dependence. The analysis of the internal consistency of the AUDIT and its versions exhibited Cronbach’s alpha coefficients between 0.83 and 0.94, while the coefficient for the CAGE was 0.78. Significant correlations were found between the 10‐item AUDIT and its versions, ranging from 0.91 to 0.99. Again, the results for the CAGE were satisfactory (0.77), although inferior to the other instruments.Conclusions:  The results obtained in this study confirm the validity of the abbreviated versions of the AUDIT for the screening of alcohol use disorders and show that their psychometric properties are as satisfactory as those of the 10‐item AUDIT and the CAGE.
11. Lumbosacral Radicular Pain
Authors: Van Boxem Koen , Cheng Jianguo , Patijn Jacob , Van Kleef Maarten , Lataster Arno , Mekhail Nagy , Van Zundert Jan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLumbosacral radicular pain is characterized by a radiating pain in one or more lumbar or sacral dermatomes; it may or may not be accompanied by other radicular irritation symptoms and/or symptoms of decreased function. The annual prevalence in the general population, described as low back pain with leg pain traveling below the knee, varied from 9.9% to 25%, which means that it is presumably the most commonly occurring form of neuropathic pain.The patient's history may give a suggestion of lumbosacral radicular pain. The best known clinical investigation is the straight‐leg raising test. Final diagnosis is made based on a combination of clinical examination and potentially additional tests. Medical imaging studies are indicated to exclude possible serious pathologies and to confirm the affected level in patients suffering lumbosacral radicular pain for longer than 3 months. Magnetic resonance imaging is preferred. Selective diagnostic blocks help confirming the affected level.There is controversy concerning the effectiveness of conservative management (physical therapy, exercise) and pharmacological treatment.When conservative treatment fails, in subacute lumbosacral radicular pain under the level L3 as the result of a contained herniation, transforaminal corticosteroid administration is recommended (2 B+). In chronic lumbosacral radicular pain, (pulsed) radiofrequency treatment adjacent to the spinal ganglion (DRG) can be considered (2 C+). For refractory lumbosacral radicular pain, adhesiolysis and epiduroscopy can be considered (2 B±), preferentially study‐related.In patients with a therapy‐resistant radicular pain in the context of a Failed Back Surgery Syndrome, spinal cord stimulation is recommended (2 A+). This treatment should be performed in specialized centers.
Therapeutic approaches for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in the era of novel drugs
Authors: Morabito Fortunato , Gentile Massimo , Mazzone Carla , Bringhen Sara , Vigna Ernesto , Lucia Eugenio , Recchia Anna G. , Raimondo Francesco D. , Musto Pellegrino , Palumbo Antonio 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved rapidly over recent years. The availability of new effective drugs with novel mechanisms of action, such as thalidomide, lenalidomide and bortezomib in the last decade, has resulted in a new scenario expected to impact favorably on the outcome of patients with MM. The introduction of new drugs in the treatment of patients eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has allowed for a significant increase of complete response rate with a positive impact on progression‐free survival. In patients not eligible for ASCT, randomized trials have shown that both thalidomide and bortezomib when combined with melphalan and prednisone (MP) are superior to MP and are now considered the standard of care. Ongoing trials are assessing whether MP plus lenalidomide or the combination of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone should be considered an attractive treatment option, while additional studies are needed to determine the role of routine maintenance or consolidation therapy with these new drugs. This new therapeutic armamentarium in light of adequate prophylaxis and supportive care allows clinicians to greatly improve the survival perspectives for both young and elderly patients. In this review, we report updated data for the front‐line therapy of MM, examining the role of new drugs either when administered as induction therapy before ASCT in younger patients or when combined with alkylating agents for the treatment of older patients. The most relevant articles on therapy of MM published from November 1982 to January 2010 (selected through PubMed), and recent meeting abstracts were used as sources for this review.
Oral D‐penicillamine for the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants: a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Tandon Manjari , Dutta Sourabh , Dogra Mangat R , Gupta Amod 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurpose:  To compare prophylactic enteral D‐penicillamine (DPA) with placebo for prevention of ‘retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) or death’ among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.Methods:  This was a double‐blind, single‐centre, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial with stratification (for birth weight <1250 and ≥1250 g) and blocking. Inborn neonates with birth weight 750–1500 g, gestation ≤32 weeks, age ≤5 days, who tolerated feeds were eligible. Neonates with gastro‐intestinal malformations, life‐threatening malformations and necrotizing enterocolitis were excluded. Enrolled subjects were randomly allocated to receive oral DPA suspension at 100 mg/kg/dose 8 h for 3 days, followed by 50 mg/kg/day for another 11 days or placebo. The primary outcome was ‘any ROP or death’. Secondary outcomes included any ROP, treatable ROP, adverse effects and feed intolerance.Results:  A total of 88 subjects were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were similar with the exception of multiple gestation. There were no significant differences in primary and secondary outcomes, even after adjusting for multiple gestation and on sub‐group analysis. No adverse reaction was noted.Conclusion:  Prophylactic enterally administered DPA suspension in a dose 100 mg/kg/dose 8 h for 3 days, followed by 50 mg/kg once per day for next 11 days, does not prevent ‘any stage ROP or death’ or ‘ROP requiring treatment’ in VLBW infants. DPA is well tolerated and does not have any major short‐term adverse effects.
Genetic Analysis of ele Mutants and Comparative Mapping of ele1 Locus in the Control of Organ Internal Asymmetry in Garden Pea
Authors: Li Xin , Zhuang Li‐Li , Ambrose Mike , Rameau Catherine , Hu Xiao‐He , Yang Jun , Luo Da 
Published: May 2010

Abstract Previous study has shown that during zygomorphic development in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.), the organ internal (IN) asymmetry of lateral and ventral petals was regulated by a genetic locus, SYMMETRIC PETAL 1 (SYP1), while the dorsoventral (DV) asymmetry was determined by two CYC‐like TCP genes or the PsCYC genes, KEELED WINGS (K) and LOBED STANDARD 1 (LST1). In this study, two novel loci, ELEPHANT EAR‐LIKE LEAF 1 (ELE1) and ELE2 were characterized. These mutants exhibit a similar defect of IN asymmetry as syp1 in lateral and ventral petals, but also display pleiotropic effects of enlarged organ size. Genetic analysis showed that ELE1 and ELE2 were involved in same genetic pathway and the enlarged size of petals but not compound leaves in ele2 was suppressed by introducing k and lst1, indicating that the enlargement of dorsal petal in ele2 requires the activities of K and LST1. An experimental framework of comparative genomic mapping approach was set up to map and clone LjELE1 locus in Lotus japonicus. Cloning the ELE1 gene will shed light on the underlying molecular mechanism during zygomorphic development and further provide the molecular basis for genetic improvement on legume crops.
Dementia and risk: contested territories of everyday life
Authors: Clarke Charlotte L , Keady John , Wilkinson Heather , Gibb Catherine E , Luce Anna , Cook Ailsa , Williams Linda 
Published: May 2010

clarke cl, keady j, wilkinson h, gibb ce, luce a, cook a & williams l (2010)
Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness 2, 102–112 Dementia and risk: contested territories of everyday lifeAims.  The project aimed to understand the construction of risk in dementia care from the perspective of the person with dementia, family carers and practitioners with the intention of developing negotiated partnerships in risk management.Background.  This paper addresses a gap in the literature by embedding constructions of risk within everyday events and social contexts, and communicates such constructions through the voices of people with dementia, carers and practitioners.Method.  This symbolic interactionalist study involved data collection by interview with 55 people with dementia (sometimes twice), and their nominated carer and practitioner. The sample was drawn from three regions of the United Kingdom. Data were collected during 2004.Conclusions.  Five ‘contested territories’ of everyday living with dementia are outlined in this paper: friendships, smoking, going out, domestic arrangements, and occupation and activity. These contested territories are purposeful and allow for sense making, maintenance of self, claiming and relinquishing decision making, and creating purpose(lessness) in people’s lives.Relevance to clinical practice.  Assessing and managing risk in a way that respects the dynamics and purposes of contested territories will support care that is person centred, and moreover respectful of the relationships that contribute to maintaining the individual’s sense of self and purpose.
Systematic review: role of health promotion in vascular dementia
Authors: Price Rachel S , Keady John 
Published: May 2010

price rs & keady j (2010)
Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness 2, 88–101 Systematic review: role of health promotion in vascular dementiaAims.  This narrative synthesis of the literature investigates the areas of vascular dementia and modifiable risk factors in order to identify the evidence base and opportunities for specific health promotion work and nursing involvement.Background.  Strategies for well‐being, prevention and health promotion are becoming increasingly important determinants of a quality dementia care service. In England, this emphasis is manifest in the recently launched National Dementia Strategy (February 2009) and areas that address modifiable vascular risk factors are helpful starting points for the enactment of such goals.Design and methods.  A comprehensive search strategy identified primary and secondary search terms that were used systematically in order to search for relevant information and literature; 128 articles were finally included in the overall design and these were broken down into 116 articles obtained through the formal search process using the online databases and 12 articles from the ‘grey literature’.Results.  A narrative synthesis of the included material generated a thematic framework that revealed four discrete but overlapping themes: vascular risk factors (1); prevention and reduction of vascular risk factors (2); treatment and intervention in vascular dementia (3); and vascular health promotion (4).Relevance to clinical practice.  Nursing is in a prime position to undertake health promotion initiatives in modifiable risk behaviours in vascular dementia, an approach that should be commenced for the general population in mid‐life (50 years and over).
The influence of locus of control on risk perception in older South Asian people with Type 2 diabetes in the UK
Authors: Macaden Leah , Clarke Charlotte L 
Published: May 2010

macaden l & clarke cl (2010)
Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness 2, 144–152 The influence of locus of control on risk perception in older South Asian people with Type 2 diabetes in the UKAim of the study.  To analyse risk perception among older South Asian people with Type 2 Diabetes in the UK.Background.  South Asians living in the UK have an increased predisposition to developing Type 2 diabetes. It usually occurs later in life and has significant long‐term risks that are preventable with life‐style changes. Changes in life‐style practices are likely to be influenced by an individual’s perception of control over his/her health yet perceptions of risk are influenced by sociocultural factors, religious beliefs and gender.Method.  In this Grounded Theory study, data collection involved: two focus group interviews with health development workers representing ethnic minorities; seven individual interviews with practitioners (three physicians, three nurse specialists and a dietitian); 20 interviews with UK‐resident older South Asians (nine men and eleven women) with Type 2 diabetes together with analysis of their medical records. Data for the study were collected between March 2004–February 2005.Findings.  Those participants who demonstrated an internal locus of control were proactive in managing their diabetes‐related risks. Participants with an external locus of control in perceiving and managing their risks related to diabetes believed that their diabetes was due to fate, bad luck, divine planning or familial predisposition and were reactive in engaging with diabetes‐related risks.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study demonstrates the role of affect and external locus of control in risk engagement among older South Asians with Type 2 Diabetes. The appropriateness of the concordance and empowerment model of diabetes care for minority ethnic groups such as the South Asians who engage with diabetes‐related risks reactively driven by external locus of control needs to be carefully assessed.
Differentiating between Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) and northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) scats through analysis of faecal DNA
Authors: WAITE JASON N. , WAITS LISETTE P. , BOZZA MARY , ANDREWS RUSSEL D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe describe a method to determine the species of pinniped from faeces collected from sympatric Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) and northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) rookeries using newly developed species‐specific primers that amplify a 667–669‐base pair segment from the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome B (cytB) gene region. The primers yielded the correct species in 100% of tissue samples from 10 known animals and 100% of faecal samples from 13 known animals. Species could be identified unequivocally for 87.7% of faecal samples from 122 unknown individuals. The ability to differentiate between scats of sympatrically breeding Steller sea lions and northern fur seals will contribute to the range‐wide knowledge of the foraging strategies of both species as well as allow researchers to examine the niche partitioning and potential resource competition between the two predators.
T cell migration into the central nervous system during health and disease: Different molecular keys allow access to different central nervous system compartments
Authors: Engelhardt Britta 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) homeostasis is a prerequisite for the proper communication of neuronal cells. To this end, the endothelial blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the epithelial blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) tightly seal off the CNS from the continuously changing milieu within the blood stream. It is now well established that despite the presence of these barriers, the CNS is subject to immune surveillance and immune mediated pathogenic events. Numerous studies in an animal model for multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have elucidated that memory T cells can cross the non‐inflamed BBB or BCSFB using specific molecular keys and gain access to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drained ventricular, subarachnoidal and perivascular spaces. If these pioneer T cells encounter their specific antigen on antigen presenting cells strategically localized immediately behind the brain barriers, reactivation of the T cells will trigger a local inflammatory response, leading to the stimulation of the BBB. The activated BBB will then provide novel traffic signals allowing for the entry of large numbers of circulating inflammatory cells into the perivascular spaces and finally across the glia limitans into the CNS parenchyma, where they progress to initiate tissue injury. (Clin. Exp. Neuroimmunol. doi: 10.1111/j.1759‐1961.2010.00009.x, May 2010)