bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Tailored Approach for Tobacco Dependence Treatment for American Indians
Authors: D'Silva Joanne , Schillo Barbara A. , Sandman Nathan R. , Leonard Theresa L. , Boyle Raymond G. 
Published: April 2011

Purpose. Evaluate a tailored approach for tobacco dependence treatment for American Indians. Design. A single-group design evaluation of a culturally specific curriculum for tobacco dependence treatment was implemented. Baseline assessment, program utilization, and 90-day follow-up interview data were analyzed. Setting. Fond du Lac Reservation in rural Minnesota and Mashkiki Waakaaigan Pharmacy in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Subjects. American Indian adults (N = 317). Intervention. Four 1-hour individual or group sessions of behavioral counseling paired with pharmacotherapy. Measures. Demographic variables, program satisfaction, and tobacco use behaviors. Analysis. Descriptive statistics; for abstinence, a smoking = missing analysis was used, assuming all nonrespondents were still smoking. Results. Sixty-three percent of participants completed the program. The 90-day follow-up response rate was 47%. Of those who completed, 47% reported abstinence at the 90-day follow-up. Missing = smoking analysis yielded a 21.8% quit rate. Continuing smokers cut their daily smoking by half from 17 to eight cigarettes, 88% reported an increase in self-efficacy for their next quit, and 44% planned to quit within 30 days. Conclusion. Evidence-based tobacco dependence treatment programs tailored to be culturally specific have the potential to significantly affect the burden of tobacco-related disparities among American Indians. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[5 Supplement]:S66-S69.)
Quitline Utilization Rates of African-American and White Smokers: The California Experience
Authors: Zhu Shu-Hong , Gardiner Phillip , Cummins Sharon , Anderson Christopher , Wong Shiushing , Cowling David , Gamst Anthony 
Published: April 2011

Purpose. To compare the utilization rate of a statewide tobacco quitline by African-American smokers to that of white smokers. Design, Setting, and Subjects. Observational study of 18 years of state quitline operation in California. Subjects were 61,096 African-American and 279,042 white smokers who called the quitline from August 1992 to December 2009. Data from six California Tobacco Surveys, 1993, 1996, 1999, 2002, 2005, and 2008 were also used. Measure. Callers' answers to the question how they heard about the quitline were grouped into four categories: media, health care providers, friends/family, and others. Analysis. The averaged annual quitline call volume for each ethnic group was divided by the total number of smokers in that group, based on California Tobacco Surveys, to produce the annual quitline utilization rate. Results. In five out of six periods of comparison, African-American smokers had a higher annual utilization rate than white smokers. The odds ratios [ORs] ranged from 1.44 to 2.40 (all p < .05). In the 1996 comparison, the OR was .90 (p < .05). The difference in utilization rates that is attributed to media, accounts for most of the difference in total utilization rates between the two ethnic groups. Conclusions. Within the context of California's comprehensive tobacco control program, which includes a strong media campaign, African-American smokers were significantly more likely to call the state quitline than white smokers were. Promoting the quitline as part of antismoking media campaigns can help reduce disparity in cessation service utilization. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[5 Supplement]:S51–S58.)
Provider Smoking Cessation Advice among California Asian-American Smokers
Authors: Tong Elisa K. , Tang Hao , Chen Moon S. , McPhee Stephen J. 
Published: April 2011

Purpose. To determine proportions of provider advice to quit smoking for Asian-American smokers and to describe factors that may affect the provision of such advice. Design. Secondary data analysis of population-based survey. Setting. California. Subjects. Current smokers from the California Tobacco Use Surveys for Chinese-Americans (n = 2117, participation rate = 52%), Korean-Americans (n = 2545, participation rate = 48%), and Vietnamese-Americans (n = 2179, participation rate = 63.5%). Measures. Sociodemographics including insurance status, smoking frequency, provider visit in past year, and provider advice to quit. Analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models examined dependent outcomes of (1) provider visit in past year and (2) provider advice to quit. Results. Less than a third (30.5%) of smokers in our study reported both seeing a provider (50.8%) and then receiving advice to quit (60.1%). Factors associated with provider visits included being female, being 45 years or older, having health insurance, and being Vietnamese. Among smokers who saw a provider, factors associated with provider advice to quit included having health insurance and being a daily smoker. Conclusions. Asian-American smokers reported low proportions of provider advice to quit in the past year, largely because only half of smokers saw a provider. Providers who see such smokers may need greater awareness that several effective cessation treatments do not require health insurance, and that intermittent smokers need advice to quit. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[5 Supplement]:S70-S74.)
Differences in Smoking Behavior and Attitudes among Puerto Rican, Dominican, and Non-Latino White Caregivers of Children with Asthma
Authors: Borrelli Belinda , Hayes Rashelle B. , Gregor Kristin , Lee Christina S. , McQuaid Elizabeth L. 
Published: April 2011

Purpose. No studies have examined the differences in smoking attitudes and behavior between Dominicans (DRs) and Puerto Ricans (PRs). Identification of pretreatment differences is important for cultural adaptation of evidenced-based smoking cessation treatments. Design. Secondary analysis. Setting/Intervention. Three home visits for asthma education and smoking cessation. Subjects. Caregivers who smoke and have a child with asthma: DRs (n = 30), PRs (n = 67), and non-Latino whites (n = 128; NLWs). Measures. Baseline assessment of psychosocial variables. Analyses. Controlled for age, education, and acculturation. Results. Compared with DRs, PRs were more acculturated, more nicotine dependent, less motivated and confident to quit, and identified more pros of smoking (all p < .05). Compared with NLWs, PRs were less likely to be employed, smoked fewer cigarettes per day, and had lower education, greater depressed mood, greater pros and cons of smoking, less social support, and higher child asthma morbidity (all p < .05). Compared with NLWs, DRs were less nicotine dependent, more confident to quit, and less likely to live with a smoker; reported greater cons of smoking and greater stress; and were more likely to have a household smoking ban (DRs 60% vs. NLWs 33.6%). Only 3.3% of DRs were precontemplators vs. 16.4% (PRs) and 10.9% (NLWs). Conclusions. PRs appear to have more factors associated with risk of smoking treatment failure; DRs appear to have more protective factors. Examination of the role of these smoking attitudes as potential moderators and mediators of smoking behavior are needed to guide the cultural adaptation of evidenced-based treatments. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[5 Supplement]:S91—S95.)
Predicting the Specific Surface Area and Pressure Drop of Reticulated Ceramic Foams Used as Catalyst Support
Authors: Inayat Amer , Freund Hannsjörg , Schwab Andreas , Zeiser Thomas , Schwieger Wilhelm 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOpen‐cell ceramic foams are attractive candidates as catalyst support owing to their remarkable heat and mass transfer characteristics. The accurate knowledge of the specific surface area and the pressure drop is a prerequisite for the reliable design of reactors with solid foam structures as internals. In this contribution, we propose a new correlation for the prediction of the pressure drop in reticulated ceramic foams using their predicted specific surface area. The correlation is based on an ideal tetrakaidecahedron geometry, which is the preferred representative geometry for reticulated foams. The validity of the correlation is demonstrated by experimental data of reticulated ceramic foams of different pores per inch (PPI), porosity, and material from the present study as well as from the open literature.
The Potential of Molecular Self‐Assembled Monolayers in Organic Electronic Devices
Authors: Halik Marcus , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFunctionalized molecules that organize to self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are gaining importance in organic electronic devices. They are fully compatible with flexible substrates, are amenable to low‐cost processing, and show reliable film‐forming behavior. Highly integrated devices, such as sensor arrays or memories, have also been demonstrated. Starting from auxiliary layers, which improve and modify surfaces and interfaces in traditional thin‐film devices, the applications of SAMs develop towards molecular scale electronics, including active molecular device layers and multifunctional SAMs, which fulfill several layer functions of a device within one monolayer. Mixed SAMs make new and tunable device features possible, by stoichiometric control of the composition of different SAM‐forming molecules.
Rare‐Earth Ion Doped Up‐Conversion Materials for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Wang Hai‐Qiao , Batentschuk Miroslaw , Osvet Andres , Pinna Luigi , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWith the aim of utilizing the infrared region of solar radiation to improve solar cell performance, significant progress, including theoretical analysis and experimental achievement, has been made in the field of up‐conversion for photovoltaic applications. This Research News article reviews recent progress in the development of rear‐earth (RE) ion doped up‐conversion materials for solar cell applications. In addition, new trends for RE‐ion‐doped phosphors are briefly discussed, among them trivalent RE‐ion‐doped up‐conversion materials for organic solar cell applications.
Direkte katalytische asymmetrische Reaktionen unter Protonentransferkatalyse
Authors: Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDie kooperative Katalyse hat sich als eine leistungsfähige Strategie für stereoselektive Umwandlungen unter milden Bedingungen bewährt. Hierbei sind die spezifischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Katalysatorkomponenten und den Substraten so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass hohe Katalyseeffizienzen und eine ausgezeichnete Kontrolle des stereochemischen Verlaufs resultieren. Durch Ausnutzen des Kooperativitätsprinzips lassen sich zahllose stereoselektive Reaktionen unter milden Protonentransferbedingungen mit perfekter Atomökonomie verwirklichen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst unsere jüngsten Beiträge auf dem Gebiet der C‐N‐ und C‐C‐Bindungsbildungen mittels kooperativer Katalyse zusammen.
Recent Advances in Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Transformations under Proton‐Transfer Conditions
Authors: Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCooperative catalysis has proven to be a particularly powerful strategy for promoting stereoselective organic transformations under mild reaction conditions. The specific interactions between the catalyst components and substrates are precisely orchestrated to elicit high catalytic efficiency and excellent control of the stereochemical course. By harnessing the power of cooperativity, various sets of stereoselective reactions proceed under mild proton‐transfer conditions with perfect atom economy. This Minireview summarizes our recent contributions to several CN and CC bond‐forming reactions in this field and related transformations.
Morphological and structural development of recycled crosslinked polyethylene during solid‐state mechanochemical milling
Authors: Wu Hejun , Liang Mei , Lu Canhui 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWaste crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) was partially decrosslinked to obtain a thermoplastic recycled material through solid‐state mechanochemical milling with pan‐mill equipment at ambient temperature. The gel fraction and size exclusion chromatography measurements showed that the gel content of XLPE decreased remarkably with increasing cycles of mechanochemical milling, whereas the molecular weight of the sol fraction was not significantly reduced; this indicated the realization of partial decrosslinking during mechanochemical milling. Differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the melting temperature of decrosslinked polyethylene increased by 3.5°C because the bigger crystallites size resulting from the higher mobility of the chain segment. The improved thermoplastic characteristic of XLPE after mechanochemical milling were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and rheological measurement. The mechanical properties of recycled XLPE also achieved significant improvement after mechanochemical milling. Solid‐state mechanochemical milling is a cost‐effective, reliable, and environmentally friendly method for recycling XLPE at ambient temperature without any additional materials or chemicals. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Negative dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of Au/n‐Si (111) Schottky barrier diodes with PVA/Ni,Zn interfacial layer
Authors: Tunç T. , Dökme İ. , Altındal Ş. , Uslu İ. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this study, the dielectric properties and alternating‐current (ac) conductivity of Au/(PVA/Ni,Zn acetates)/n‐Si Schottky diodes (SDs) were determined by the measurement impedance technique. Dielectric properties and electrical conductivity of Au/(PVA/Ni,Zn acetates)/n‐Si SDs in the frequency range of 0.5 kHz to 10 MHz and voltage range of −2 to 5 V were investigated in detail using experimental C–V and G–V measurements. Experimental results show that the values of the dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″), and tan δ obtained from the measured capacitance and conductance have been a strong function of frequency and applied voltage, and the values of ε′ have been unexpectedly found to be negative, especially at high voltages. Other parameters of Au/(PVA/Ni,Zn acetates)/n‐Si SDs, such as ac electrical conductivity (σac), the real part of electric modulus (M′), and the imaginary part of electric modulus (M″) varied with changing frequency for various voltages. The main propose of this study is to discuss the polymeric interfacial layer at metal and semiconductor affect and probe the dielectric properties of Au/(PVA/Ni,Zn acetates)/n‐Si SDs regarding the negative capacitance as a function of frequency and voltage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Noncoplanar rigid‐rod aromatic polyhydrazides containing Tröger's base
Authors: Abdolmaleki Amir , Heshmat‐Azad Sanaz , Kheradmand‐fard Mansoreh 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA new Tröger's base‐containing aromatic dihydrazide, 2,8‐bis(carboxylic)‐6H, 12H‐5,11‐methanodibenzo‐[b,f] [1,5]‐diazocine dihydrazide, was prepared by the condensation of ethyl p‐aminobenzoate with hexamethylenetetramine in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, followed by converting to the dihydrazide with a high yield and high purity. A series of novel aromatic polyhydrazides were prepared from the Tröger's unit containing dihydrazide and various aromatic diacyl chlorides via low‐temperature solution polycondensation in quantitative yields. All the polyhydrazides were amorphous and readily soluble at room temperature in polar organic solvents such as N,N‐dimethylacetamide and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone. These polymers could be solution cast into transparent, tough, and flexible films with good mechanical properties. They had useful levels of thermal stability associated with good glass transition temperatures (163–172°C), 10% weight‐loss temperatures in excess of 460°C, and char yields at 800°C in nitrogen higher than 39%. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Thermal, crystalline, and mechanical properties of octa(3‐chloropropylsilsesquioxane)/ poly(L‐lactic acid) hybrid films
Authors: Zhang Xiaojing , Sun Jiashu , Fang Shaoming , Han Xiniu , Li Yadong , Zhang Chenggui 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA series of organic‐inorganic hybrid films were prepared based on octa(3‐chloropropylsilsesquioxane) (OCPS) and poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) via simply solution blending method. The thermal, crystalline and mechanical properties of OCPS/PLLA hybrid films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction, polarized optical microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile tests. The results showed that OCPS could be dispersed well at molecular level when its content was less than 3 wt % and began to crystallize in PLLA matrix when the content increased to 5 wt %. DSC study revealed that OCPS acted as a plasticizer to decrease both Tg and Tm of the PLLA matrix at various heating rates. The addition of OCPS did not change the crystal form of PLLA, while had an great influence on the cold crystallization and melting behaviors of PLLA in the second heating cycles. Moreover, the initial crystallinity of OCPS/PLLA was higher than that of pure PLLA. The results suggested that OCPS could be an effective heterogeneous nucleating reagent to promote the crystallization of PLLA. TGA showed that the PLLA thermal degradation mechanism remained unchanged, whereas the weight loss temperatures and residual weights were improved. Tensile tests indicated that the incorporation of OCPS into PLLA matrix changed the tensile behavior of the hybrid films from brittle to ductile, and the strain at break was improved remarkably as a result of the plasticizer effect of OCPS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Durable flame retardant finishing of PET/cotton blends using a Novel PVA‐based phosphorus‐nitrogen polymer
Authors: Li Qiang‐Lin , Wang Xiu‐Li , Wang De‐Yi , Wang Yu‐Zhong , Feng Xi‐Ning , Zheng Guang‐Hong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA novel polymeric flame retardant (FR) with phosphorous‐nitrogen pendent groups (PVP‐P‐DCA) was synthesized by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), phosphoric acid, and dicyandiamide (DCA). Its structure was characterized by FTIR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, elemental analysis and TG. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/cotton blends (T/C) was treated via pad‐dry‐cure process with PVP‐P‐DCA. The surface of FR‐T/C was characterized by FTIR and SEM. The fabric performance was examined by whiteness and tensile property. The fire behavior was performed by limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test, cone calorimetry test. The durability effect, thermal stability, and flame retardancy mechanism of the treated T/C were investigated by TGA, FTIR, and SEM. The results show that PVP‐P‐DCA is not only an effective FR but also a good char‐forming agent for the T/C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
In situ compatibilization of PEN/LCP blends by ultrasonic extrusion
Authors: Gunes Kaan , Isayev Avraam I. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn situ compatibilization of immiscible blends of PEN and thermotropic LCP was achieved by the ultrasonically‐aided extrusion process. Ultrasonically‐treated PEN underwent degradation, leading to a decrease of its viscosity. Viscosity of LCP was unaffected by ultrasonic treatment. Because of reduced viscosity ratio of PEN to LCP at high amplitude of ultrasonic treatment, larger LCP domains were observed in molding of the blends. LCP acted as a nucleating agent, promoting higher crystallinity in PEN/LCP blends. Ultrasonically‐induced copolymer formation was detected by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry in the blends. Ultrasonic treatment of 90/10 PEN/LCP blends improved interfacial adhesion in fibers spun at intermediate draw down ratios (DDR), improving their ductility. The lack of improvement in the mechanical properties of fibers spun at high DDR after ultrasonic treatment was attributed to the disturbance of interfacial copolymer by high elongation stresses. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Bipolar Heteroleptic Green Iridium Dendrimers Containing Oligocarbazole and Oxadiazole Dendrons for Bright and Efficient Nondoped Electrophosphorescent Devices
Authors: Chen Lingcheng , Ding Junqiao , Cheng Yanxiang , Xie Zhiyuan , Wang Lixiang , Jing Xiabin , Wang Fosong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBipolar heteroleptic green light‐emitting iridium (Ir) dendrimers G(OXD) and G(DOXD) have been designed and synthesized under mild conditions in high yields, in which the first C^N and second O^O ligands are functionalized with oligocarbazole‐ and oxadiazole‐based dendrons, respectively. To avoid affecting the optical properties of the emissive iridium core, all the functional moieties are attached to the ligands through a flexible spacer. Compared with the unipolar dendrimer G(acac), dendrimers G(OXD) and G(DOXD) exhibit the close emission maxima of 511–512 nm and photoluminescence quantum yield of 0.39–0.40 in a solution of toluene. Moreover, on going from G(acac) to G(OXD) and G(DOXD), we have found that the introduction of oxadiazole fragments decreases the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels to facilitate the electron injection and electron transporting, while their highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels remain unchanged. This means that, we can individually tune the HOMO and LUMO energy levels based on the heteroleptic structure to ensure the relative independence between the hole and electron in the emitting layer (EML), which is a favorable feature for bipolar optoelectronic materials. As a result, a bilayer nondoped electrophosphorescent device with G(DOXD) as the EML gives a maximum luminous efficiency of 25.5 cd A−1 (ηext: 7.4 %) and a brightness of 33 880 cd m−2. In comparison to G(acac) (17.2 cd A−1, 17 680 cd m−2), both the efficiency and brightness are improved by about 1.5 and 2 times, respectively. These state‐of‐the‐art performances indicate the potential of these bipolar heteroleptic iridium dendrimers as solution‐processible emitting materials for nondoped device applications.
Bioenergy feedstock‐specific enrichment of microbial populations during high‐solids thermophilic deconstruction
Authors: Reddy Amitha P. , Allgaier Martin , Singer Steven W. , Hazen Terry C. , Simmons Blake A. , Hugenholtz Philip , VanderGheynst Jean S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThermophilic microbial communities that are active in a high‐solids environment offer great potential for the discovery of industrially relevant enzymes that efficiently deconstruct bioenergy feedstocks. In this study, finished green waste compost was used as an inoculum source to enrich microbial communities and associated enzymes that hydrolyze cellulose and hemicellulose during thermophilic high‐solids fermentation of the bioenergy feedstocks switchgrass and corn stover. Methods involving the disruption of enzyme and plant cell wall polysaccharide interactions were developed to recover xylanase and endoglucanase activity from deconstructed solids. Xylanase and endoglucanase activity increased by more than a factor of 5, upon four successive enrichments on switchgrass. Overall, the changes for switchgrass were more pronounced than for corn stover; solids reduction between the first and second enrichments increased by a factor of four for switchgrass while solids reduction remained relatively constant for corn stover. Amplicon pyrosequencing analysis of small‐subunit ribosomal RNA genes recovered from enriched samples indicated rapid changes in the microbial communities between the first and second enrichment with the simplified communities achieved by the third enrichment. The results demonstrate a successful approach for enrichment of unique microbial communities and enzymes active in a thermophilic high‐solids environment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108:2088–2098. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.