bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of System Justification in Young Children
Authors: Baron Andrew , Banaji Mahzarin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe near ubiquity of ingroup preference is consistent with the view that it is an automatic consequence of social categorization, possibly a basic foundation of intergroup relations. However, research with adults has demonstrated that automatic ingroup preference is notably absent among less dominant, less advantaged groups, an outcome predicted by System Justification Theory (Jost & Banaji, 1994). How basic is this tendency to justify existing social arrangements? Data from young children are crucial in addressing whether such an opposing orientation is itself a fundamental feature of intergroup social cognition. The developmental data summarized here suggest that knowledge about the relative status of one’s ingroup is absorbed and internalized sufficiently early in life, revealing system‐justifying tendencies by age 5, the earliest age such questions have been examined to date. Across several studies summarized here young children from non‐dominant groups failed to show an implicit ingroup preference, similar to their adult counterparts. We conclude that from an early age intergroup preferences are constrained by knowledge, implicit or explicit, about the relative status differences among groups and may suggest an orientation toward supporting existing social and political structures. The possibility that system‐justifying tendencies may exist in even younger children remains open for future tests.
Organisational justice and markers of inflammation: the Whitehall II study
Authors: Elovainio Marko , Ferrie Jane E , Singh-Manoux Archana , Gimeno David , De Vogli Roberto , Shipley Martin , Vahtera Jussi , Brunner Eric , Marmot Michael G , Kivimäki Mika 
Published: September 2009

ObjectivesLow organisational justice has been shown to be associated with increased risk of various health problems, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We tested whether organisational injustice contributes to chronic inflammation in a population of middle-aged men and women.MethodsThis prospective cohort study uses data from 3205 men and 1204 women aged 35–55 years at entry into the Whitehall II study (phase 1, 1985–1988). Organisational justice perceptions were assessed at phase 1 and phase 2 (1989–1990) and circulating inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 at phase 3 (1991–1993) and phase 7 (2003–2004).ResultsIn men, low organisational justice was associated with increased CRP levels at both follow-ups (phase 3 and 7) and increased IL-6 at the second follow-up (phase 7). The long term (phase 7) associations were largely independent of covariates, such as age, employment grade, body mass index and depressive symptoms. In women, no relationship was found between organisational justice and CRP or IL-6.ConclusionsThis study suggests that organisational injustice is associated with increased long-term levels of inflammatory markers among men.
Smoking habits and occupational disability: a cohort study of 14 483 construction workers
Authors: Claessen Heiner , Arndt Volker , Drath Christoph , Brenner Hermann 
Published: September 2009

ObjectivesAlthough smoking causes a variety of diseases and both, a high smoking prevalence and permanent occupational disability are a great burden on the population level, data about the impact of smoking habits on occupational disability are sparse. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of smoking habits on occupational disability among construction workers, an occupational group with particularly high smoking prevalence.MethodsThe association between smoking and occupational disability was examined during a mean follow-up of 10.8 years in a cohort of 14 483 male construction workers in Württemberg, Germany. The cohort was linked to the regional pension register of the German pension fund to identify workers who were granted a disability pension during the follow-up. HRs (Hazard Ratios) were calculated with non-smokers as reference by the Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for potential confounding factors such as age, nationality, type of occupation, alcohol consumption and body mass index.ResultsOverall, 2643 cases of occupational disability were observed, with dorsopathy (21%) being the most common cause. Clear dose-response relationships were seen between smoking and occupational disability due to all causes, as well as occupational disability due to respiratory, cardiovascular and mental diseases, cancer and dorsopathy. Particularly strong associations were seen between heavy smoking (≥20 cigarettes/day) and occupational disability due to mental and respiratory diseases (HR 3.25, 95% CI 1.93 to 5.46 and HR 3.26, 95% CI 1.69 to 6.27, respectively).ConclusionSmoking is associated with increased risk of occupational disability among construction workers, in particular occupational disability due to respiratory, cardiovascular and mental diseases, cancer and dorsopathy.
Occupational coke oven emissions exposure and risk of abnormal liver function: modifications of body mass index and hepatitis virus infection
Authors: Hu Y , Chen B , Qian J , Jin L , Jin T , Lu D 
Published: September 2009

ObjectivesOccupational coke oven emissions (COEs) have been considered an important health issue. However, there are no conclusive data on human hepatic injury due to COE exposure. The association of COE exposure with liver function was explored and the effects of modification of potential non-occupational factors were assessed.Methods705 coke oven workers and 247 referents were investigated. Individual cumulative COE exposure was quantitatively estimated. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C antibody were measured.ResultsAmong those with high COE exposure, the adjusted ORs of abnormal ALT and AST were 5.23 (95% CI 2.66 to 10.27) and 1.95 (95% CI 1.18 to 3.52), respectively. Overweight individuals (body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2) with high COE exposure had elevated risks of abnormal ALT (adjusted OR 23.93, 95% CI 8.73 to 65.62) and AST (adjusted OR 5.18, 95% CI 2.32 to 11.58). Risk of liver damage in hepatitis B virus- or hepatitis C virus-positive individuals with COE exposure was also elevated.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to COE increases the risk of liver dysfunction, which is more prominent among those with higher BMI and hepatitis virus infection. The risk assessment of liver damage associated with COE exposure should take BMI and hepatitis virus infection into consideration.
ON UNIFORMLY RECURRENT MORPHIC SEQUENCES
Authors: NICOLAS FRANCOIS , PRITYKIN YURI 
Published: September 2009

A pure morphic sequence is a right-infinite, symbolic sequence obtained by iterating a letter-to-word substitution. For instance, the Fibonacci sequence and the Thue–Morse sequence, which play an important role in theoretical computer science, are pure morphic. Define a coding as a letter-to-letter substitution. The image of a pure morphic sequence under a coding is called a morphic sequence.A sequence x is called uniformly recurrent if for each finite subword u of x there exists an integer l such that u occurs in every l-length subword of x.The paper mainly focuses on the problem of deciding whether a given morphic sequence is uniformly recurrent. Although the status of the problem remains open, we show some evidence for its decidability: in particular, we prove that it can be solved in polynomial time on pure morphic sequences and on automatic sequences.In addition, we prove that the complexity of every uniformly recurrent, morphic sequence has at most linear growth: here, complexity is understood as the function that maps each positive integer n to the number of distinct n-length subwords occurring in the sequence.
Preclinical Profile of a Potent γ-Secretase Inhibitor Targeting Notch Signaling with In vivo Efficacy and Pharmacodynamic Properties
Authors: Luistro Leopoldo , He Wei , Smith Melissa , Packman Kathryn , Vilenchik Maria , Carvajal Daisy , Roberts John , Cai James , Berkofsky-Fessler Windy , Hilton Holly , Linn Michael , Flohr Alexander , Jakob-Røtne Roland , Jacobsen Helmut , Glenn Kelli , Heimbrook David , Boylan John F. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Notch signaling is an area of great interest in oncology. RO4929097 is a potent and selective inhibitor of γ-secretase, producing inhibitory activity of Notch signaling in tumor cells. The RO4929097 IC50 in cell-free and cellular assays is in the low nanomolar range with &gt;100-fold selectivity with respect to 75 other proteins of various types (receptors, ion channels, and enzymes). RO4929097 inhibits Notch processing in tumor cells as measured by the reduction of intracellular Notch expression by Western blot. This leads to reduced expression of the Notch transcriptional target gene Hes1. RO4929097 does not block tumor cell proliferation or induce apoptosis but instead produces a less transformed, flattened, slower-growing phenotype. RO4929097 is active following oral dosing. Antitumor activity was shown in 7 of 8 xenografts tested on an intermittent or daily schedule in the absence of body weight loss or Notch-related toxicities. Importantly, efficacy is maintained after dosing is terminated. Angiogenesis reverse transcription-PCR array data show reduced expression of several key angiogenic genes. In addition, comparative microarray analysis suggests tumor cell differentiation as an additional mode of action. These preclinical results support evaluation of RO4929097 in clinical studies using an intermittent dosing schedule. A multicenter phase I dose escalation study in oncology is under way. [Cancer Res 2009;69(19):7672–80]
Aberrant Methylation ofAPC, MGMT, RASSF2A, andWif-1Genes in Plasma as a Biomarker for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lee Bo Bin , Lee Eun Ju , Jung Eun Hyun , Chun Ho-Kyung , Chang Dong Kyoung , Song Sang Yong , Park Joobae , Kim Duk-Hwan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPurpose: To identify epigenetic molecular makers in plasma for the early detection of colorectal cancer.Experimental Design: We retrospectively analyzed the methylation status of 10 genes in fresh-frozen tissues and corresponding plasma samples from 243 patients with stage I and II sporadic colorectal cancer, 276 healthy individuals, and plasma from 64 colorectal adenoma patients using methylation-specific PCR. The methylation score (Mscore) was used to find molecular markers with high sensitivity and specificity.Results: Of the 243 colorectal cancer tissues, methylation was detected in 18% for p14, 34% for p16, 27% for APC, 34% for DAPK, 32% for HLTF, 21% for hMLH1, 39% for MGMT, 24% for RARβ2, 58% for RASSF2A, and 74% for Wif-1. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis in plasma from 243 patients with cancer and 276 healthy individuals showed that the M score of any single gene had a sensitivity of &lt;40% after controlling for age, sex, and tumor location. The specificity of the M score was not different between multigene and single gene analyses, but the sensitivity of the M score was significantly increased by multigene analysis. For all patients, the M score in a model including APC, MGMT, RASSF2A, and Wif-1 genes had a sensitivity of 86.5% and a specificity of 92.1% when 1.6 was used as a cutoff. In this model, the M score had a positive predictive value of 90.6% and a negative predictive value of 88.8%.Conclusion: The present study suggests that tumor-specific methylation of APC, MGMT, RASSF2A, and Wif-1 genes might be a valuable biomarker in plasma for the early detection of colorectal cancer. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):6185–91)
ΔNp63 Overexpression, Alone and in Combination with Other Biomarkers, Predicts the Development of Oral Cancer in Patients with Leukoplakia
Authors: Saintigny Pierre , El-Naggar Adel K. , Papadimitrakopoulou Vali , Ren Hening , Fan You-Hong , Feng Lei , Lee J. Jack , Kim Edward S. , Hong Waun Ki , Lippman Scott M. , Mao Li 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Purpose: The risk of malignant transformation of oral preneoplastic lesion (OPL) is difficult to assess. ΔNp63 is an early oncoprotein associated with mucosal tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to assess ΔNp63 expression in OPL and its role as a marker of oral cancer risk.
Experimental Design: ΔNp63 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry in 152 OPL patients included in a clinical trial comparing retinyl palmitate alone or plus β-carotene with low-dose 13-cis-retinoic acid. The associations between ΔNp63 expression as well as ΔNp63 expression with other potential risk factors for oral cancer development were analyzed.
Results: ΔNp63 expression was positive in 41 (27%) patients, clusters of intraepithelial inflammatory cells (EIC) were noted in 37 (26%) patients, and podoplanin (previously reported) was positive in 56 (37%) patients. Significantly more patients whose lesions were ΔNp63 positive or exhibited EIC developed oral cancers. In the multicovariate analysis including age, treatment, and histologic status as cofactors, positive ΔNp63 expression was associated with an increased hazard ratio of 3.308 (95% confidence interval, 1.663-6.580; P = 0.0007). Patients whose lesions showed positive ΔNp63, podoplanin, and EIC had the highest oral cancer risk with a hazard ratio of 4.372 (95% confidence interval, 1.912-9.992; P = 0.0005) and 61% oral cancer development rate at 5 years compared with 15% of other OPL patients (P &lt; 0.0001).
Conclusion: ΔNp63 overepression in OPL is associated with increased oral cancer risk. Together, ΔNp63, podoplanin, and EIC may be used as biomarkers to identify OPL patients with substantially high oral cancer risk. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):6284–91)
Heparin, heparan sulfate and heparanase in inflammatory reactions
Authors: Vlodavsky Israel , Li Jin-ping 
Published: September 2009

SummaryHeparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix of most animal tissues are essential in development and homeostasis, and are implicated in disease processes. Emerging evidence demonstrates the important roles of HS in inflammatory reactions, particularly in the regulation of leukocyte extravasation. Heparin, a classical anticoagulant, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in animal models and in the clinic,presumably through interference with the functions of HS, as both polysaccharides share a high similarity in molecular structure. Apart of regulation during biosynthesis, the structures of HS and heparin are significantly modulated by heparanase, an endoglycosidase that is upregulated in a number of inflammatory conditions. Exploring the physiological roles of HS and heparin and the mode of heparanase action in modulating their functions during inflammation responses is of importance for future studies.
Severe malaria is associated with a deficiency of von Willebrand factor cleaving protease, ADAMTS13
Authors: Charunwatthana Prakaykaew , Cohen Sophie , Born Bert-Jan van den , Meijers Joost , Yunus Emran , Hassan Mahtab , Hoque Gofranul , Maude Richard , Nuchsongsin Forradee , Levi Marcel , Löwenberg Ester , Dondorp Arjen 
Published: September 2009

SummarySevere falciparum malaria remains a major killer in tropical countries. Central in the pathophysiology is mechanical obstruction in the micro-circulation caused by cytoadherence and sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes. However, the pathogenesis of many features complicating severe malaria, including coma, renal failure and thrombocytopenia, remains incompletely understood. These disease manifestations are also key features of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a life-threatening disease strongly associated with a deficiency of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) cleaving protease, ADAMTS13. We measured plasma ADAMTS13 activity, VWF antigen and VWF propeptide levels in 30 patients with severe falciparum malaria, 12 patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria and 14 healthy Bangladeshi controls. In patients with severe malaria ADAMTS13 activity levels were markedly decreased in comparison to normal controls (mean [95%CI]: 23% [20–26] vs. 64% [55–72]) and VWF antigen and propeptide concentrations were significantly elevated (VWF antigen: 439% [396–481] vs. 64% [46–83]; VWF propeptide: 576% [481–671] vs. 69% [59–78]). In uncomplicated malaria VWF levels were also increased compared to healthy controls but ADAMTS13 activity was normal. The results suggest that decreased ADAMTS13 activity in combination with increased VWF concentrations may contribute to the complications in severe malaria.
Platelet response heterogeneity in thrombus formation
Authors: Auger Jocelyn , Munnix Imke , Cosemans Judith , Heemskerk Johan 
Published: September 2009

SummaryVascular injury leads to formation of a structured thrombus as a consequence of platelet activation and aggregation, thrombin and fibrin formation, and trapping of leukocytes and red cells. This review summarises current evidence for heterogeneity of platelet responses and functions in the thrombus-forming process. Environmental factors contribute to response heterogeneity, as the platelets in a thrombus adhere to different substrates, and sense specific (ant)agonists and rheological conditions. Contraction of platelets and interaction with fibrin and other blood cells cause further response variation. On the other hand, response heterogeneity can also be due to intrinsic differences between platelets in age and in receptor and signalling proteins. As a result, at least three subpopulations of platelets are formed in a thrombus: aggregating platelets with (reversible) integrin activation, procoagulant (coated) platelets exposing phosphatidylserine and binding coagulation factors, and contracting platelets with cell-cell contacts. This recognition of thrombus heterogeneity has implications for the use and development of antiplatelet medication.
Prognosis in Heart Failure and the Value of β-Blockers Are Altered by the Use of Antidepressants and Depend on the Type of Antidepressants Used
Authors: Fosb�l Emil Loldrup , Gislason Gunnar H. , Poulsen Henrik Enghusen , Hansen Morten Lock , Folke Fredrik , Schramm Tina Ken , Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Bretler Ditte-Marie , Abildstr�m Steen Z. , S�rensen Rikke , Hvelplund Anders , K�ber Lars , Torp-Pedersen Christian 
Published: September 2009

Background—Depression worsens the prognosis in patients with cardiac disease, and treatment with antidepressants may improve survival. Guidelines recommend use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), but knowledge of the prognostic effect of different classes of antidepressants is sparse.Methods and Results—We studied 99 335 patients surviving first hospitalization for heart failure (HF) from 1997 to 2005. Use of HF medication and antidepressants (divided into tricyclic antidepressants [TCA] and SSRI) was determined by prescription claims. Risk of overall and cardiovascular death associated with antidepressants, HF medication, and coadministration of these 2 drug classes was estimated by Cox proportional hazard analyses. Propensity adjusted models were performed as sensitivity analysis. During the study period, there were 53 988 deaths, of which 83.0% were due to cardiovascular causes (median follow-up, 1.9 years; 5, 95% fractiles, 0.04 to 7.06 years). Use of β-blockers was associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.79). Antidepressants were prescribed to 19 411 patients, and both TCA and SSRI were associated with increased risk of overall and cardiovascular death (TCA: HR, 1.33; CI, 1.26 to 1.40; and HR, 1.25; CI, 1.17 to 1.32; SSRI: HR, 1.37; CI, 1.34 to 1.40; and HR, 1.34; CI, 1.30 to 1.38, respectively). Coadministration of SSRI and β-blockers was associated with a higher risk of overall and cardiovascular death compared with coadministration of β-blockers and TCA (Pfor interaction <0.01).Conclusions—Use of antidepressants in patients with HF was associated with worse prognosis. Coadministration of SSRIs and β-blockers was associated with increased risk of overall death and cardiovascular death compared with coadministration of TCAs and β-blockers. To further clarify this, clinical trials testing the optimal antidepressant strategy in patients with HF are warranted.
The Gehyra australis species complex (Sauria: Gekkonidae)
Authors: King Max 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA chromosomal analysis of the gekko Gehyra australis (KING in press) revealed the presence of a series of genetically distinct chromosome races. Specimens from four of these chromosome races have been analysed morphologically. The present study indicates that each chromosome race can be specified in terms of pattern, colouration, scalation and morphometrics. The species Gehyra australis is therefore redefined, and a number of new species are described. Members of the Gehyra australis species group are listed, and a key to their diagnostic characteristics is provided.
The Annual Spermatogenetic Cycle of Tarentola mauritanica L. (Reptilia, Gekkonidae)
Authors: Angelini F. , Ciarcia G. , Picariello O. , D'Alterio E. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The gecko Tarentola mauritanica L. of southern Italy shows seemingly a tendentially continuous spermatogenetic cycle throughout the year. However, the amount of sperms produced at the level of the seminiferous tubules varies remarkably in the different months of the year: it is maximum in spring and in early summer, whereas it markedly decreases in June-July, when a drastic reduction in spermatogonial mitoses is observed. The slowing down in the spermatogonial activity not involves the complete disappearance of any definite cell stage of gametogenesis, but spermatogenesis is strongly reduced. In winter there is another slowing down in spermatogenesis, anyhow some new spermatozoa continue to form and to be released, though in extremely limited amounts. The general pattern of spermatogenesis is, therefore, of mixed or thermo-rigostatic type. The epididymis appears well developed throughout the year, showing only in wintera decreased amount of secretion. The epididymal tail acts as a system of spermatozoa storage, so that it is always full of sperms also in the period when the gametogenetic activity is at its minimum.
Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Common Lizards (Lacerta vivipara) and their Food and Environment
Authors: Avery R.A. , White A.S. , Martin M.H. , Hopkin S.P. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Specimens of the common lizard Lacerta vivipara were captured from beside a busy road, a little used country road, and the spoil heaps of a disused lead mine. Concentrations oflead, zinc and copper in lizards from beside the busy road were no higher than in those from the little used road, although levels in soils, vegetation and some invertebrates were greater. Levels of lead were higher, however, in lizards from the site contaminated by mining. Concentrations of metals in lizards from all three sites were lower than those in soils and most invertebrates, demonstrating that L. vivipara do not accumulate heavy metals to an extent that their position in the food chain might suggest.