bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling rainfall partitioning with sparse Gash and Rutter models in a downy oak stand in leafed and leafless periods
Authors: Mużyło A. , Valente F. , Domingo F. , Llorens P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractApplication of models for estimating rainfall partitioning in deciduous forests may be considered time consuming and laborious given the need for two different parameter sets to describe leafed and leafless periods. This paper reports how rainfall partitioning modelling was done for a downy oak forest plot (Eastern Pyrenees Mountains, NE Spain) using sparse Rutter and Gash interception loss models and their suitability for such studies. Moreover, variability in model sensitivity is evaluated, and an attempt to simplify their application is also presented.The estimation error for interception loss in the leafed period was −26.3% and −4.2% with the Rutter model and the Gash model applied with Penman–Monteith‐based evaporation rate, respectively. The estimate for the leafless period was less accurate in both models, suggesting that modelling in the leafless period is more susceptible to error. Nevertheless, with the Gash model, the result was well below the expected measurement error. Models proved to be highly sensitive to change in canopy cover in all periods tested. The Rutter model was especially sensitive to zero plane displacement changes in the leafed period, while the Gash model showed high linear sensitivity to evaporation rate. In addition, a decrease in rainfall rate affects the estimation of interception loss more than an increase in it. Regardless of its high sensitivity to these parameters, the Gash model yielded a good estimate of rainfall partitioning for the total period, when only one set of parameters was used, although event‐based error compensation occurred, and some periods were over or underestimated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the relationships between elevation and extreme precipitation with various durations in southern Taiwan using spatial regression models
Authors: Chu Hone‐Jay 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA spatially autocorrelated effect exists in precipitation of a mountainous basin. This study examines the relationship between maximum annual rainfall and elevation in the Kaoping River Basin of southern Taiwan using spatial regression models (i.e. geographically weighted regression (GWR), simultaneous autoregression (SAR), and conditional autoregression (CAR)).Results show that the GWR, SAR, and CAR models can improve spatial data fitting and provide an enhanced estimation for the rainfall–elevation relationship than the ordinary least squares approach. In particular, GWR achieves the most accurate estimation, and SAR and CAR achieve similar performance in terms of the Akaike information criterion. The relationship between extreme rainfall and elevation for longer duration is more concise than that for short durations. Results show that the spatial distribution of precipitation depends on elevation and that rainfall patterns in study area are heterogeneous between the southwestern plain and the eastern mountain area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative transformations of 4‐methylcoumarins using dimethyldioxirane
Authors: Ćavar Sanja , Kovač Franci 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEfficient regioselective oxidation of the double CC bond of 4‐methylcoumarins with isolated dimethyldioxirane was performed, and related hydroxy and epoxy derivatives were obtained in good yields. All of obtained epoxides and most of hydroxy derivatives are novel compounds. The position of different electron‐donating groups attached at the aromatic part of molecule shows significant influence on kinetics and course of the reaction. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Synthesis and antitumor activity of some novel hydrazide, 1,2‐dihydropyridine, chromene, and benzochromene derivatives
Authors: Ghorab Mostafa M. , Al‐Said Mansour S. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract2‐Cyano‐N′‐[1‐(substitutedphenyl)ethylidene]acetohydrazide 2a, 2b, 2c were obtained via reaction of acetophenone derivatives 1a, 1b, 1c with cyanoacetic acid hydrazide. The hydrazidehydrazone derivative 2a underwent a novel series of heterocyclization reactions via its reaction with aromatic aldehydes and/or arylidenemalononitriles to produce arylidene and dihydropyridine derivatives 3 5l, respectively. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses, IR, 13C‐NMR, 1H‐NMR and mass spectral data. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in‐vitro antitumor activity against Ehrlich Ascities Carcinoma (EAC) cells. Some of them showed interesting cytotoxic activity compared with Doxorubicin (CAS 23214‐92‐8) as a reference drug. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
When parents’ affection depends on child's achievement: Parental conditional positive regard, self‐aggrandizement, shame and coping in adolescents☆
Authors: Assor Avi , Tal Karen 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWe examined the idea that adolescents’ perceptions of their mothers as using parental conditional positive regard (PCPR) to promote academic achievement are associated with maladaptive self feelings and coping. A study of 153 adolescents supported the hypothesis that PCPR predicts self‐aggrandizement following success and self devaluation and shame following failure, which then predict compulsive over‐investment. PCPR functioned as a unique predictor of maladaptive self feelings and coping also when the effects of perceived parental conditional negative regard or psychological control were controlled for. The findings suggest that the experience of one's mother as using conditional positive regard to promote achievement leads to a non‐optimal self‐esteem dynamics, in which people vacillate between feelings of grandiosity following success and self‐derogation and shame following failure, which in turn promote a rigid and stressful mode of coping. Thus, the practice of PCPR, although seemingly benign, appears to carry significant emotional and coping costs for adolescents.
Investigation on blocking and deblocking isocyanates by sodium bisulphite
Authors: Zhang Yanhua , Gu Jiyou , Jiang Xiankai , Zhu Libin , Tan Haiyan 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effective procedure for blocking and deblocking isocyanate by sodium bisulphite with special cosolvent and dropwise method.Design/methodology/approachA number of analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo gravimetric analyser (TGA) were employed to assess the reactions between isocyanates and sodium bisulphite, water, cosolvent, also the deblocking temperature of blocked isocyanates.FindingsThe blocked isocyanates reacted with sodium bisulphite, water and cosolvent via a special procedure. It was found that the − NCO functional groups of the isocyanates were completely blocked by sodium bisulphite and a new method for determining the lowest deblocking temperature of the blocked isocyanates was described. It was revealed that the deblocking temperature of blocked isocyanates by sodium bisulphite was lower than others.Practical implicationsThe paper provides some useful information about the blocking and deblocking of isocyanate, which would be helpful for the preparation of blocking and deblocking isocyanate, and guiding the practical applications of blocked isocyanate.Originality/valueThe investigation found that the sodium bisulphite was a very efficient blocking agent for isocyanates at the room temperature via the special procedure developed. On the basis of emulsion polymerisation theory, polymer isocyanates were blocked by sodium bisulphite, which realised the new breakthrough effectively by means of controlled temperature, stirring speed and optimum dropwise speed in the whole reaction system. Meanwhile, the special cosolvent could improve the intermiscibility of isocyanate in sodium bisulphite aqueous solution, reduce the side reaction of isocyanate with water and accelerate reaction rate of isocyanate with sodium bisulphite. If no cosolvent was present, the blocked system would not be homogeneous.
Effects of water immersion‐freeze‐thaw cycling on the properties of wood‐polypropylene composites containing pigments
Authors: Butylina Svetlana , Martikka Ossi , Kärki Timo 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effects of water immersion‐freeze‐thaw treatment on the physical properties, flexural strength (FS) and morphology of wood‐polypropylene composites containing pigments.Design/methodology/approachWood‐polypropylene composites containing brown, green and grey pigments were compounded in a conical twin‐screw extruder. A composite manufactured without any pigment addition was used as a reference. The amount of pelletized wood, polypropylene and coupling agent (MAPP) was kept constant. The moisture content, thickness swelling (TS), FS and surface colour of the composites were measured before and after water immersion‐freeze‐thaw cycling. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the composites.FindingsFS and dimensional stability were reduced after exposure to water immersion‐freeze‐thaw cycling for all composites. The surface properties (colour and roughness) of the composites also changed after exposure to water immersion‐freeze‐thaw cycling. The degree of change depended on the presence of pigment and the type of polypropylene (neat or recycled), however.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is a part of an ongoing study on weathering of wood‐polymer composites (WPC) containing different additives. The results of this study were obtained from accelerated laboratory experiments.Practical implicationsInorganic pigments are widely used as additives in plastics, because they have an excellent UV absorption, good IR‐reflective properties and heat stability. The research revealed that metal‐containing pigments had an effect on degradation in quality of wood‐polypropylene composites exposed to water immersion‐freeze‐thaw cyclic treatment. The addition of metal‐containing pigments to composite formulation resulted in a higher susceptibility of wood‐polypropylene composites to water absorption, and as a consequence to a higher drop of FS compared to composites made without pigment. The polymer matrix plays an important role in the protection of WPC against weathering.Originality/valueThis paper will help in understanding possible problems in the durability of wood‐polypropylene composites compounded with metal‐based pigments when they are exposed to water immersion‐freeze‐thaw cyclic treatment.
CFD simulation of momentum injection control past a streamlined body
Authors: Sahu Rajesh , Patnaik B.S.V. 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to achieve high‐performance aerofoils that enable delayed stall conditions and achieve high lift to drag ratios.Design/methodology/approachThe unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier‐Stokes equations are employed in conjunction with a shear stress transport (κ‐ω) turbulence model. A control equation is designed and implemented to determine the temporal response of the actuator. A rotating element, in the form of an actuator disc, is embedded on the leading edge of NACA 0012 aerofoil, to inject momentum into the wake region. The actuator disc is rotated at different angular speeds, for angles of attack (α) between 00 and 240.FindingsPhenomena such as flow separation, wake vortices, delayed stall, wake control, etc. are numerically investigated by means of streamlines, streaklines, isobars, etc. Streamwise and cross‐stream forces on the aerofoil are obtained. The influence of momentum injection parameter (ξ) on the fluid flow patterns, and hence on the forces acting on the streamlined body are determined. A synchronization‐based coupling scheme is designed and implemented to achieve annihilation of wake vortices. A delayed stall angle resulted with an attendant increase in maximum lift coefficient. Due to delay and/or prevention of separation, drag coefficient is also reduced considerably, resulting in a high‐performance lifting surface.Research limitations/implicationsThe practicality of momentum injection principle requires both wide ranging and intensive further studies to move forward beyond the proof of concept stage.Practical implicationsDetermination of forces and moments on an aerofoil is of vital interest in aero‐dynamic design. Perhaps, runways of the future can be shorter and/or more pay load can be carried by an aircraft, for the same stall speed.Originality/valueThe paper describes how a synchronization‐based coupling scheme is designed and implemented along with the RANS solver. Furthermore, it is tested to verify the dynamic adaptability of the wake vortex annihilation for NACA 0012 aerofoils.
Enhancing the quality of e‐learning through mobile technology
Authors: Male Galamoyo , Pattinson Colin 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to present part of the work of an ongoing research project that is looking at socio‐ cultural and technological developments from a mobile technology convergence view; in order to show how culturally aware convergence developments in mobile technology can be adopted and employed for the betterment of society.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a scenario for a mobile technology enabled learning environment in support of the conventional learning approach with a focus on enabling parental involvement and contribution to the daily learning objectives of their children and hence enhancing a quality learning experience. It further critically discusses issues of interface design – at both the device and application levels – that will have an impact on the quality of e‐learning, with a focus on mobile technology.FindingsThe paper shows how interface design can positively enhance the quality defining characteristics of learning in an e‐learning environment. Ways of achieving these characteristics of learning through effective e‐learning are reported. This is done by addressing requirements for quality‐learning through effective interface‐design considerations, towards meeting the overall quality requirements of learning that should be intrinsic to a holistic e‐learning environment. The value of human computer interaction and the critical factors of promoting productive interaction are addressed.Research limitations/implicationsThere are several factors affecting quality of e‐learning as a tool and approach to flexible and independent learning. The advent and use of mobile technology has been investigated in this work from a socio‐cultural and technological perspectives in two continents. The limitations lie in the depth of investigations and how far the findings can be applied to the diversity of learners.Practical implicationsAs the effects of cultures and the rapid technological advancements take toll on teaching and learning the findings reported in this paper have far reaching implications for learners from different cultures and also for attempts at bridging existing digital divide.Originality/valueThe approach adopted in the research is unique by virtue of new findings and ideas presented. The paper highlights the opportunities for mobile devices and technology to play a role in the development of communities through technology aided learning (e‐learning), with a focus on e‐learning systems and technology requirements for delivering a quality learning experience.
How BMW successfully practices sustainable leadership principles
Authors: Avery Gayle C. , Bergsteiner Harald 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThis BMW case aims to show how many of the company's practices that accord with principles espoused in the authors' sustainable leadership model contributed to its recovery after the global financial crisis (GFC).Design/methodology/approachThis case illustrates how BMW institutes the 23 honeybee leadership principles and practices described in the authors' 2011 article “Sustainable leadership: practices for enhancing business resilience and performance” in Strategy & Leadership.FindingsThe examples provide a glimpse into the honeybee practices that enabled one firm to emerge successfully from the GFC. Regarding the five performance outcomes on the sustainable leadership pyramid, BMW clearly exceeded expectations in 2010 on financial returns and shareholder value.Practical implicationsClearly BMW provides long‐term value for all its stakeholders – suppliers, shareholders, employees and customers – as is expected of a sustainable enterprise. BMW's business model, innovative approach to problem‐solving and adherence to sustainable leadership practices underpin a capacity to survive crises such as the GFC.Originality/valueThis is a rare case study of corporate‐wide sustainability practices and principles in operation. Informed by the examples of best practices at BMW, managers at other companies can envision how honeybee management might be implemented at their firm.
The subprime crisis and stock index futures markets integration
Authors: Abdul Karim Bakri , Jais Mohamad , Ariffin Abdul Karim Samsul 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the current global crisis on the integration and co‐movements of selected stock index futures markets.Design/methodology/approachTime series techniques of cointegration and weekly data covering the period from January 2001 to December 2009 were used in this study. The period of analysis was divided into two periods, namely the pre‐crisis period (January 2001‐July 2007) and during crisis period (August 2007‐December 2009).FindingsNo evidence was found of cointegration among the stock index futures markets in both periods. Accordingly, the 2007 subprime crisis does not seem to affect the long‐run co‐movements among the stock index futures markets.Practical implicationsThe stock index futures markets provide opportunity for the potential benefits from international portfolio diversification and hedging strategies even after the subprime crisis. The stock index futures significantly extended the variety of investment and risk management strategies available to investors.Originality/valueExamining the effects of the US subprime crisis on the stock index futures markets integration, to the best of the authors' knowledge, goes clearly beyond the existing literature on the subject matter.
Measuring intangible effects of m‐coupon campaigns on non‐redeemers
Authors: Banerjee Syagnik , Poddar Amit , Yancey Scott , McDowell Danielle 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how to design better awareness and memory of product information using mobile coupon campaigns among those who do not redeem the coupons.Design/methodology/approachThe research involves two field experiments with a Mid Western mobile marketing firm where differently designed coupons were sent out to men and women customers of a fast food chain, and non‐redeemers filled out a survey revealing how much they remembered. The research also connected their subsequent purchases a week later. The data were analyzed using ANOVAs.FindingsFactual ad claims create better recognition than descriptive ad claims in general, but among older working people when ad is viewed in leisure situations men better remember descriptive appeals, and women factual appeals. Also the memory has no effect on purchase intentions or future purchases. In contrast, among younger students, men remember factual ad claims better than descriptive, like women, and their memory has significant effects on subsequent purchase behavior.Research limitations/implicationsSelectivity hypotheses may be applied to design advertising congruity/incongruity based on tasks people are doing in different physical situations. Other limitations include some sampling error (or selectivity) and its difficulties in generalizability across industries.Practical implicationsManagers can build awareness using different types of ad claims depending on gender and situation among older working groups, and use factual appeals for younger groups. Among younger groups the memory of coupons can also drive subsequent purchase behavior.Originality/valueThe paper uncovers the value of non redeeming customers in m‐coupon campaigns, and identifies how to target and design campaigns to best extract that value.
Elastic analysis of 3D woven orthogonal composites
Authors: Mahmood Ansar , Wang Xinwei , Zhou Chuwei 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an analytical modelling approach to predict engineering elastic constants of 3D woven orthogonal composites (3DWOCs) at representative volume element (RVE) level using a volume averaging method.Design/methodology/approachThe present analytical modeling approach uses a more realistic internal geometry representation of the 3DWOC. A RVE which is a repeating element at macroscopic level is first identified and volume proportions and engineering elastic constants of various constituents (matrix and family of constituent tows; warp, weft and z‐fibers) which contribute to the global stiffness of RVE/composite are next determined. For accurate predictions, emphasis is given to accurate measurements of micro‐structural data such as fiber volume fraction and fiber volume proportion of constituent tows and internal geometry of the 3DWOC structure‐in particular, undulation of z‐fibers. Microscopic study has been conducted in this regard.FindingsThe predicted engineering elastic constants are compared against experimental data, showing a strong correlation between predicted and experimental values.Practical implicationsThe methodology presented in the paper can be used for accurate computation of the engineering elastic constants of 3DWOCs. The method can also be used for other types of 2D or 3D textile composites such as 2D woven composites, 2D braided composites, 3D woven angle interlock composites and 3D braided composites.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in relating the micro‐structural properties and analytical model for the accurate prediction of engineering elastic constants.
The optimal interval combination forecasting model based on closeness degree and IOWHA operator under the uncertain environment
Authors: Chen Huayou , Jin Lei , Li Xiang , Yao Mengjie 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose the optimal combination forecasting model based on closeness degree and induced ordered weighted harmonic averaging (IOWHA) operator under the uncertain environment in which the raw data are provided by interval numbers.Design/methodology/approachStarting from maximizing the closeness degree of combination forecasting, which is different from minimizing absolute errors, weighted coefficient vectors of combination forecasting methods are obtained. The new concepts of closeness degree for the center and radius of interval numbers sequences are put forward and the optimal interval combination forecasting model is constructed by maximizing the sum of convex combination with closeness degree of interval center and closeness degree of interval radius. The solution to the model is discussed.FindingsThe results show that this model can improve the combination forecasting accuracy efficiently compared with that of each single forecasting method.Practical implicationsThe method proposed in the paper can be used to forecast future tendency in a wide ranges of fields, such as engineering, economics and management. In particular, the raw data are provided in the form of interval numbers under the uncertain environment.Originality/valueThe combination forecasting model proposed in this paper is based on closeness degree and IOWHA operator, which is a new kind of combination forecasting model with variant weights.