bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of volatile flavor compounds of cigar with different aging conditions by headspace–gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Zhu Beibei , Chen Jiaowen , Song Guangfu , Jia Yun , Hu Wanrong , An Hongyue , Zhang Rongya , Ma Zhiqiang , Li Dongliang , Xue Fang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aging conditions, including time, temperature, humidity, and flipping frequency, play an important role in the flavor development of cigars. In this study, the headspace–gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (HS–GC–IMS) method was used to analyze the changes in the volatile flavor compounds (VFCs) of cigars under different aging conditions. A total of 82 VFCs were identified from cigars. Differences in the VFCs of cigar samples were shown in topographic plots and fingerprints. The effects of aging temperature, humidity, and flipping frequency on the VFCs of cigars were more important than the aging time. When the aging time exceeded 60 days, the effect on the VFCs of cigars was minimal. Moreover, the changes in the main VFCs of cigars under different aging conditions were the result of a series of chemical reactions, including the Maillard reaction and the degradation of carotenoids. Orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) results demonstrated that the samples, which were subjected to various aging conditions, could be distinctly classified. Therefore, the integration of HS–GC–IMS with OPLS-DA proves to be a sensitive method for identifying and differentiating the VFCs of cigar samples under diverse aging conditions. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the aging process and improving the flavor quality of cigars.
Crystal structure of 5′-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-[2,2′-bithiophene]-5-carbaldehyde, C27H17NOS2
Authors: Zhao Wen-Ze , Lu Feng-Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
C27H17NOS2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 17.5582(11) Å, b = 12.4355(8) Å, c = 10.0535(5) Å, β = 103.391(2)°, V = 2135.5 Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0555, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1093, T = 273 K.
Epilogue
Authors: van Laak Dirk 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This epilogue underscores the insights to be gained from analyzing music as a “globalized infrastructure,” revealing its dual role in enabling cultural connections and reinforcing societal hierarchies. Relating music to socio-technological systems, it highlights how material and immaterial infrastructures facilitate the production, dissemination, and collective experience of music across global contexts. This perspective deepens our understanding of music’s role in shaping global interactions and its potential as a shared cultural resource in an interconnected world.
A new, innovative, simple method to determine the concentration of phosphate and sulphate ions in an aqueous extract of plants using conductometric titration
Authors: Azmat Rafia , Saleem Ailyan , Ahmed Tehseen , Ahmed Waseem 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Determining phosphate (PO4
−3) and sulphate (SO4
−2) is highly significant in agricultural sciences and practices for the sustainable growth of crops. Their deficiencies have reflective properties on the transcriptome and many metabolic pathways. Therefore, this study planned to monitor concentrations of both ions for the first time through conductometric titration using BaCl2. For this purpose, the leaves of Spinacia oleracea L., Thorn Apple, and Rangoon Creeper plants were collected from Karachi and transported to the Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, where they were washed thoroughly to remove any dust particles, dried, and crushed in deionized water and filtered. A known concentration of barium chloride (BaCl2) as a single reagent was prepared to be applied to an aqueous plant extract test sample containing an unknown amount of phosphate and sulphate ions. The 50 ml of extract was taken into the beaker and subjected to titration with a known concentration of BaCl2 conductometrically. Results showed that as precipitation started, the conductivity of the extract solution decreased with the addition of the BaCl2 and reached a point where further addition did not affect it. The precipitate was tested two times, initially and at the end of the reaction, by adding HCl and HNO3 to validate the presence of these ions in leaves aqueous extract. Chemical analysis of the precipitate initially suggested that phosphate is separated first due to its low solubility product (Ksp) value and then sulphate. Moreover, the concentration of both ions at the end of the reaction was determined through the derivative graph of the conductivity curve and standard curve method after the separation of ions by HCl and HNO3. It was concluded that this simple technique may be used to ascertain the concentration of both ions required for plant growth under various stress conditions.
„Itt nyugta van az embernek…”
Authors: Kaján Marianna 
Published: February 2025

Erzsébet királyné rendkívüli rokonszenvvel fordult a szabadságra vágyó, öntudatos magyar nép felé. Megtanulta a magyar nyelvet, udvartartásába magyar embereket választott, bennük megbízhatott. A királyné sok időt töltött magyar földön: Márki Sándor történész szerint 2663 napot, ebből több, mint 2000 éjszakát, a gödöllői kastélyban. A gödöllői uradalmat, a Grassalkovichok barokk kastélyával és az erdőséggel 1867-ben a magyar állam megvásárolta, és a mindenkori uralkodócsalád használatába bocsátották. A királyi pár elsősorban, mint vadászkastélyt használta, igazi családi kastélyuk lett, ahol sokkal több időt töltöttek együtt és gyermekeikkel.
Erzsébet névnapja (november 19.) és születésnapja (december 24.) a királyi korszakban igazi ünnepnapokká váltak Magyarországon. A királyné sok alkalommal ünnepelte névnapját és születésnapját családja körében a gödöllői kastélyban. Ekkor Gödöllő népe szerenáddal és fáklyás felvonulással köszöntötte szeretett királynéját. Erzsébet életének fontos helyszínévé vált a gödöllői kastély. Itt igazán szabadnak érezhette magát, és nyugalmat is talált. Ahogyan változott a királyné élete, úgy változott a kastélybeli élet, ezért nevezték már a korabeli források is „a királyné kastélyának”. Az 1870-es években töltötte a legtöbb időt a kastély falai között, ekkor Erzsébet életében a legfontosabb a lovaglás és a vadászat volt, ehhez a legalkalmasabb hely pedig a Gödöllői dombság.
Majd az 1880-as évek közepe felé egészségügyi okokból, orvosai tanácsára felhagyott a lovaglással. Hosszú gyalogtúrákba kezdett, és a gödöllői erdőkben gyönyörű sétautakat talált. Végül az 1890-es években amikor már nem találta a helyét a világban, ezért folyton utazott, magányra, nyugalomra vágyott, egyre kevesebb időre jött Gödöllőre. A kastély „elcsendesedett”. Bár továbbra is tartottak vadászatokat, de már a királyné nélkül, aki inkább sétált a kastélyparkban, a környék erdeiben és élvezte a csendet.

Fotó: Fortepan / Budapest Főváros Levéltára / Klösz György fényképei
Microwave ablation for small papillary thyroid carcinomas: clinical outcomes and thyroid function preservation
Authors: Zhao Lu , Peng Xiaolin , Xiong Jianning , Zhu Yanhui , Song Mu 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
This study explores the impact of microwave ablation (MWA) on thyroid function in patients with small papillary thyroid carcinomas (SPTCs) using a specific energy/volume model to optimize treatment and evaluate clinical efficacy.

Methods
A cohort of 70 patients with confirmed SPTCs underwent MWA tailored to individual nodule characteristics. Pre- and post-ablation assessments included ultrasound imaging for nodule size and thyroid function tests (thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine levels) were conducted at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-treatment. The main results are the complete ablation rate of nodules and the stability of thyroid function after treatment. Secondary outcomes include the incidence of complications and other clinical parameters.

Results
The complete ablation rate was achieved in 95% of the nodules, with most patients (90%) requiring a single ablation session. Nodule size reduced significantly from an average of 174.0 ± 259.1 to 3.2 ± 11.3 mm3, with a mean volume reduction rate of 98.47 (5.82%) at the 18-month follow-up. Stable thyroid function and minimal fluctuations in hormone levels were observed in 90% of patients, demonstrating the effectiveness of MWA in preserving thyroid function. Notably, lower energy/volume ratios were linked to a reduced risk of complications and preservation of thyroid function. Only 5% of patients reported minor complications, with no major adverse events.

Conclusions
The study’s results validate the clinical utility of MWA in energy/volume setting as an effective, minimally invasive treatment for SPTCs.
ОБРАТНАЯ ПАРАМЕТРИЧЕСКАЯ ЗАДАЧА ДЛЯ ОДНОЙ БОЛЬШОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНЫХ УРАВНЕНИЙ С НЕЛОКАЛЬНЫМИ ГРАНИЧНЫМИ УСЛОВИЯМИ
Authors: АШРАФОВА Е.Р. 
Published: February 2025

Решается задача определения параметров большой системы неавтономных дифференциальных уравнений, состоящей из подсистем, связанных в произвольном порядке нелокальными краевыми условиями. Неизвестные параметры участвуют как в дифференциальных уравнениях, так и в краевых условиях. Исследуемая задача приводится к параметрической задаче оптимального управления со среднеквадратичным критерием невязки, оценивающим степень невыполнения дополнительно заданных краевых условий. Для применения численных методов первого порядка получены аналитические формулы для компонентов градиента целевого функционала в пространстве оптимизируемых параметров. На примере решении тестовой задачи проведены компьютерные эксперименты, представлен анализ результатов.
The problem of determining the parameters of a large system of non-autonomous differential equations consisting of subsystems connected in an arbitrary order by non-local boundary conditions is solved. Unknown parameters participate both in differential equations and in boundary conditions. The problem under study is reduced to a parametric optimal control problem with a mean-square residual criterion estimating the degree of non-fulfillment of additionally specified boundary conditions. To apply first-order numerical methods, analytical formulas for the components of the gradient of the objective functional in the space of optimized parameters are obtained. The analysis of the obtained results of computer experiments is made using a test problem as an example.
Sepsis Mortality in Hospitalized Children With Cancer Is Associated With Lack of a Screening Tool
Authors: Hakim Hana , Richardson Troy , Riggs Ruth , Auletta Jeffery J. , DiGerolamo Kimberly , Hron Jonathan D. , Kohorst Mira , Laurie Kathryn , Maixner Michelle , Mulcahy Levy Jean M. , Ohlsen Timothy J. D. , Orsey Andrea D. , Prudowsky Zachary D. , Raghu Vikram K. , Redfern Wendi , Rozenfeld Ranna A. , Workman Jennifer K. , Wilkes Jennifer J. 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE
Sepsis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric hematology, oncology, and transplant (PHOT) patients. This study characterized PHOT patients who developed hospital-onset sepsis more than 12 hours after admission and identified risk factors for 30-day sepsis-attributable (SA) mortality.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We analyzed an existing multicenter database of sepsis collected prospectively over 5 years (2017–2021) as part of the Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes Collaborative. Sepsis was defined using operational elements documented in the health records based on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes, treatment, diagnostic tests, and sepsis screen, huddle, or order set use.

RESULTS
A total of 9604 sepsis episodes in PHOT patients from 49 hospitals were analyzed: 70.5% were identified in the emergency department (ED), 10.9% in inpatient settings less than or equal to 12 hours from admission, and 18.6% were hospital onset. Only 52.5% of patients with hospital-onset sepsis were identified using a sepsis recognition method compared with 87.2% in the ED (P &lt; .001). The overall 30-day SA mortality was 2.2%, with a higher rate (6.9%) among those with hospital-onset sepsis compared with those who developed sepsis at presentation or less than or equal to 12 hours (1.1%, P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS
Although the difference in SA mortality between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients may be impacted by nonmeasurable confounders inherent to the type of patients presenting in the different care settings, we reported system-based improvements that may reduce mortality. The 30-day SA mortality was lower in hospitalized PHOT patients when sepsis was detected by early recognition methods, supporting the need for efforts to implement sepsis recognition tools in the inpatient setting.
AIDS cholangiopathy: A case report and review of relevant literature
Authors: Mvalo Tisungane 
Published: February 2025

AIDS cholangiopathy is a syndrome that occurs in HIV/AIDS with advanced immunosuppression. It is characterized by obstruction of the biliary tree by opportunistic infection and may have complications including hepatic failure. Patients with this condition may have increased risk of poor outcome from opportunistic infection. Antiretroviral therapy is key to preventing this condition. Due to the paucity of literature on childhood AIDS cholangiopathy with the advent of antiretroviral therapy, a case of AIDS cholangiopathy is described and relevant literature is reviewed.
Dialogismo e valoração nas aulas de Língua inglesa: um certo olhar para o livro didático de inglês/Dialogism and valuation in english language classes: A certain look at the english textbook
Authors: Lopes e Marques Jucilane Novais 
Published: February 2025

Fundamentado em teorias propostas pelo Círculo de Bakhtin (Bakhtin, 2003[1979]; Volóchinov, 2018[1929] e 2019[1926]), este trabalho propõe-se a discutir os aspectos dialógicos e valoresativos mobilizados no livro didático English and more! (Weigel; Reschke, 2020), utilizado em aulas de Língua Inglesa no ensino médio técnico integrado do Instituto Federal do Pará (IFPA/Campus Abaetetuba). Portanto, objetivamente elucidar como tais aspectos são desenvolvidos no supracitado livro didático e como incidente sobre a compreensão dos discentes. Para tanto, adotamos-se como procedimentos metodológicos a análise qualitativa de enunciados que compõem as atividades de leitura propostas no 1º capítulo da unidade inaugural do material do curso selecionado. Quanto aos resultados, este estudo revela a pertinência do olhar investigativo à adoção ao livro didático de língua estrangeira, tendo em vista o favorecimento dos aspectos dialógicos, valorativos e reflexivos, indispensáveis para a formação de discentes críticos, independentes e motivados. Com base nas teorias propostas pelo Círculo de Bakhtin (Bakhtin, 2003[1979]; Volosinov, 2018[1929] e 2019[1926]), exploram elesam a relação entre linguagem e sociedade, enfatizando a linguagem como um aspecto social e que o significado é sempre construído em contextos interacionais. Um dos conceitos centrais é o dialogismo, toda forma de comunicação é um diálogo, mesmo que não seja imediatamente aparente. No contexto do dialogismo, a valorização é vista como um elemento que emerge das interações sociais e é influenciado por fatores históricos e culturais. Assim, a maneira como uma palavra é valorizada pode mudar dependendo do contexto e das vozes no diálogo. Essa perspectiva destaca a ideia de que a linguagem não é neutra; ela está imbuída de ideologias e relações de poder. Assim, este trabalho se propõe a discutir os aspectos dialógicos e avaliativos mobilizados no livro didático Inglês e mais! (Weigel; Reschke, 2020), utilizado nas aulas de língua inglesa no ensino médio técnico integrado do Instituto Federal do Pará (IFPA/Campus Abaetetuba). Portanto, objetivamente elucidar como tais aspectos são desenvolvidos no livro didático supracitado e como impactam na compreensão dos alunos. Para tanto, adotamos como procedimentos metodológicos a análise qualitativa de enunciados que compõem as atividades de leitura propostas no 1º capítulo da unidade inaugural do material didático selecionado. Quanto aos resultados, este estudo revela a relevância do olhar investigativo na adição do livro didático de língua estrangeira, tendo em vista o favorecimento de aspectos dialógicos, avaliativos e reflexivos, indispensáveis à formação de alunos críticos, independentes e motivados.
Board Game as An Evaluation Instrument for Classification of Living Things Material
Authors: Kaka Trifonia Yulianti Bebe , Istikomayanti Yuswa , Aldya Riantina Fitra 
Published: February 2025

The aim of the research was to develop a board game on the classification of living things that were suitable for use by class VII students at MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Malang. This research used the ADDIE method, which consists of 5 stages: analysis design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The time and place of this research were carried out in class VII at MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Malang. This research was conducted from August to September 2023. Validation by media experts to assess the board game being developed, namely in terms of image, colour and writing aspects. Results of a large-scale student response questionnaire from 24 VII grade students. Experts rated the results of the research; the evaluation instrument obtained used an average of 66% (valid), the assessors from media experts obtained a score of 76% (valid), and science teachers obtained a score of 87,5% (valid), and student responses showed a positive valued with a score of 86%, in general students stated that the board game media was valid and easy to used. Furthermore, it could have been further developed towards the complexity aspect of the game on other science and biology topics that were more diverse and had their characteristics.
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Thromboinflammation and Septic Shock in Fetuses and Neonates
Authors: Bitsadze Victoria , Lazarchuk Arina , Vorobev Alexander , Khizroeva Jamilya , Tretyakova Maria , Makatsariya Natalia , Gashimova Nilufar , Grigoreva Kristina , Tatarintseva Alena , Karpova Anna , Mostovoi Alexei , Zainulina Marina , Kapanadze Daredzhan , Blbulyan Armen , Kuneshko Nart , Gris Jean Christophe , Elalamy Ismail , Gerotziafas Grigoris , Makatsariya Alexander 
Published: February 2025

The article delves into the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), thromboinflammation, and septic shock in fetuses and neonates, providing a comprehensive examination of their pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and clinical implications. It establishes SIRS as a hyper-reaction to external stress, disrupting the balance between inflammation and adaptive mechanisms, driven by cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1. The fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS), a subset of SIRS, is highlighted for its role in adverse neonatal outcomes, including organ damage, inflammation, and long-term developmental disorders. The article outlines the extensive impact of FIRS on vital systems such as the blood, lungs, central nervous system, and kidneys. The paper underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing septic shock in neonates, emphasizing the interplay between inflammation and hemostatic system. It highlights recent advancements like the convergent model of coagulation and emerging biomarkers such as microRNAs for early detection. Despite progress, gaps in understanding the molecular underpinnings of these conditions and effective therapeutic strategies are noted. This underscores the need for targeted research to mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with septic shock in neonates.
Older Patients May Fare Better Following Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty
Authors: Shanaa Jean , Asad Shaheryar , Augustynski Robert , Bernstein Ethan , Bindra Guneet S. , Marwin Scott 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Since its inception, activity level and bone quality have been essential considerations for patients undergoing hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA). Moreover, younger patients tend to experience fewer complications, lower revision rates, and better outcomes after any surgery. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes, complication rates, and survivorship rates between younger and older patients undergoing HRA, providing insights into whether active older patients with appropriate bone quality can still achieve significant benefits from HRA.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. Articles were screened by title and abstract, followed by full-text review. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model to compare UCLA scores and odds of prosthesis survivorship between younger (<50 years of age) and older (>50 years of age) patients in studies comparing both age groups. Statistical significance was defined as a 95% confidence interval that does not include 1. In addition, the average complication and prosthesis survivorship rates were calculated and compared between younger and older hips using both comparative and noncomparative studies.

Results:
From an initial pool of 1,286 articles, 31 met inclusion criteria, encompassing 22,691 patients. Analysis revealed a pooled mean age of 33.65 years for the younger cohort and 63 years for the older cohort, and a complication rate of 5.37% in younger compared with 3.83% in older hips. The difference in postoperative UCLA scores was deemed statistically insignificant based on meta-analysis. However, the difference in mean survivorship rates was found to be statistically significant at 86% for younger and 94.9% for older patients through univariate analysis and meta-analysis.

Conclusion:
There is no significant difference in postoperative outcomes between younger and older patients undergoing HRA. In fact, older patients seem to experience higher prosthesis survivorship rates compared with younger cohorts. Older patients who are active and possess good bone quality can achieve outcomes comparable to their younger counterparts, indicating that HRA may be viable for a broader age range than previously considered.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, systematic review of Level II, III, and IV studies. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Ultrafast valleytronic logic operations
Authors: Cerullo Giulio , Gucci Francesco , Molinero Eduardo B. , Russo Mattia , San-Jose Pablo , Camargo Franco , Maiuri Margherita , Ivanov Misha (Mikhail) , Jiménez-Galán Álvaro , Silva Rui Emanuel Ferreira da , Conte Stefano Dal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Today’s information processing technology relies on electronics, with transistor switches reaching speeds as high as 800 GHz yet appearing to approach their intrinsic limits set by charge carrier transit times. The next disruptive step towards increasing the speed of information processing could come from driving the electronic response in solids with ultrafast controlled lightwaves. This lightwave electronics aims to use ultrashort pulses of light to switch electric currents and can potentially operate at nearly PHz rates. Lightwave valleytronics targets a new degree of freedom for information processing offered by two-dimensional materials: the valley pseudospin. Here we use a sequence of phase-locked few-optical-cycle visible pulses to excite and switch the valley pseudospin in a WS2 monolayer. By timing the carrier oscillations with sub-femtosecond precision, we show that a pair of pulses separated in time with linear orthogonal polarizations can induce a valley selective population. Adding a second pair of pulses, we perform logic operations such as valley de-excitation and re-excitation at room temperature at rates as high as ∼ 10 THz. Our experimental method also allows independent measurement of the valley polarization decay and the excitonic decoherence time. Our work opens a new route for ultrafast information processing with low-power few-optical-cycle light pulses available today.