bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forum
Authors: Cummings W. D. 
Published: October 2011

Effective fall 1969 I will become Chairman of the Department of Physics at Grambling College, a four‐year liberal arts college located in northern Louisiana. Enrollment is approximately 4000; the student body is predominantly Negro.A concerted effort is being made at Grambling to develop a science curriculum consonant with the demands of our technological age. An intensive recruitment program is being launched throughout Louisiana to identify students offering good potential for such a curriculum. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible for even the most gifted of these students to attend college without scholarship funds to cover living expenses as well as tuition. The cost of room, board, and tuition for a Louisiana resident is $860 per academic year, or a total of $3440 for a four‐year scholarship.
Fundamental problems of the solar system
Authors: Cameron A. G. W. 
Published: October 2011

During the last few years the space program has inspired a great deal of new research on the properties of various objects in the solar system. This new work has consisted only in part of investigations made with spacecraft of various kinds. Much of the work has also been done from the ground, but it has been inspired partly because of the availability of new techniques resulting from new technology and partly as a result of a new depth of understanding of many solar system objects that has arisen from research with space probes.Like many other people during the last three centuries, I have from time to time published my own speculations concerning the origin and development of the solar system. I do not wish to discuss such speculations here, but what I have to say will be very much influenced by a concern for this problem. The new studies that are being made of solar system physics and chemistry provide many new boundary conditions that must be satisfied by any successful theory of the origin of the solar system. The items I wish to discuss seem to me particularly relevant to the establishment of new boundary conditions.
Ocean exploration: An allegory
Authors: Wooster Warren S. 
Published: October 2011

A spacecraft hurtles through the cosmos. For a brief period the craft has been manned, but the travelers have no control over its course, speed, or destination. During the endless flight, they depend on the supplies already on board or those that can be produced there. To endure the voyage, their house must be kept in order.For awhile the travelers were few, supplies seemed unlimited, and there were numerous corners into which the refuse could be swept. But the crew increased in number more and more rapidly. Distribution of supplies became unsatisfactory, and the suspicion arose that the quantity might be inadequate. In a sense, the craft seemed to be getting smaller. Even the corners were filling up.
Gravity studies on Montana, Wyoming, and Washington
Authors: Bonini William E. 
Published: October 2011

Since the previous report [Bonini, 1965] the Princeton gravity program has been directed mostly toward detailed studies to aid in the solution of specific geologic problems. Some stations have been observed, however, purely to fill in blank areas as a contribution to the preparation of state maps. Worden meter W‐57 was used before 1966 and LaCoste‐Romberg instruments were used in 1966 and later.Figure 1 identifies by numbers the areas covered by specific projects, summarized below, for which some preliminary unpublished interpretations are presented. Area 1 covers the Teton Range and Jackson Hole, Wyoming, where Princeton gravity data have been incorporated with additional gravity, seismic‐refraction, and aeromagnetic data into a comprehensive report [Behrendt et al., 1968]. Similarly, the gravity map and interpretation of area 2, the Boulder batholith of Montana, have been published [Biehler and Bonini, 1969].
Gravity surveys in California—recent progress by the California Division of Mines and Geology
Authors: Chapman Roger H. 
Published: October 2011

Since the AGU gravity symposium in 1963, the California Division of Mines and Geology has continued an active program of gravity measurements within the state. This program includes the establishment of a statewide gravity base station network; the compilation of a series of gravity maps that will eventually cover the entire state; and local studies related to the search for particular mineral commodities, the location of hidden faults, and other geologic problems.The first important accomplishment of the Division of Mines and Geology gravity program was the completion and publication of a statewide gravity base station network [Chapman, 1966]. This base network was established primarily to provide control for compilation of data for the gravity map series. An attempt was made to obtain values of observed gravity with a relative accuracy of approximately ±0.1 mgal, but there was some uncertainty in the calibration of the meter used. Recently, a few California base stations were occupied by the U.S. Air Force as a part of the U.S. national base station network (Schwimmer and Rice, page 527). Although the California network was based on the Woollard datum [Woollard and Rose, 1963], and the Air Force used a somewhat different base, values for the common stations can be easily compared. A comparison of nine common stations in the two networks over a range of more than 600 mgal suggests a calibration difference of no more than about 1 part in 10,000. On the other hand, recent redeterminations of the U.S. Geological Survey calibration ranges in California suggest that a correction factor of as much as 3 or 4 parts per 10,000 might be necessary for the California network stations. Future work should resolve this problem more satisfactorily.
The U.S./IHD program: The half‐way mark
Authors: Heindl L. A. 
Published: October 2011

The Mid‐Decade Conference, which will be held in Paris December 8–16, 1969, will bring together in plenary sessions representatives of the 105 nations participating in the International Hydrological Decade. The purpose of the Mid‐Decade Conference is three‐fold: to review the work accomplished during the first half of the Decade; to prepare proposals for future work during the Decade and to suggest possible changes in direction in the program; and to exchange views on the long‐term plan of action in the field of international hydrology. It is appropriate at this time to review the U.S. program of participation in the Decade and to take a look at what should be the scope of Decade activity in the United States during the Decade's remaining five years.In general, on‐going programs in the United States have been sources of new ideas and much information that are applicable to the objectives of the Decade. However, the U.S./IHD program of new or accelerated efforts has been able to accomplish only a small part of what it had originally hoped to do. But what it has accomplished has been useful in maintaining contact and continuity with the international activities of the Decade program and in providing leadership and participation in specific domestic activities. Before summarizing accomplishments of the U.S./IHD program it is useful to highlight the objectives and mechanics of the International Hydrological Decade.
Forum
Authors: Schneider Otto , Valencio Daniel A. 
Published: October 2011

We were glad to gather from the July 1969 issue of EOS (page 478), that our Mexican Colleagues have established a full graduate program in geophysics at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and we feel that they are certainly to be congratulated for this initiative.We believe, however, that the readers of EOS may be interested in learning that contrary to what is stated in your note, this is not the first graduate course in geophysics in Latin America. In fact, a regular graduate course in geophysics has been existing in this country at the Instituto Superior del Observatorio Astronómico (which is part of the Universidad Nacional de La Plata), since May 1948. This is one of the two branches of studies at the Observatorio de La Plata, the other being astronomy. Graduates receive the title of ‘Geophysicist,’ which is the equivalent to Licenciado, after five years of training in mathematics, physics, and the main subjects of geophysics, including gravity and tides, seismology, geomagnetism, meteorology, and exploration geophysics.
International Symposium on Earth Tides
Authors: Zetler Bernard D. 
Published: October 2011

The Sixth International Symposium on Earth Tides was held in France at the University of Strasbourg, September 15–20, 1969. It was organized by the Permanent Commission on Earth Tides, International Association of Geodesy, IUGG.Although many aspects of the meetings were comparable to previous earth tide symposia in that the papers again dealt primarily with instrumentation and data analysis, there was a greater degree of open‐mindedness and willingness to discuss new procedures that added considerably to the value of the meetings.
Teaching of snow and ice hydrology in the United States
Authors: Heindl L. A. 
Published: October 2011

Only five courses in snow and ice hydrology are taught on the North American continent. These courses are offered at the University of Arizona, Colorado State, and Utah State universities in the United States, and at the University of Guelph and New Brunswick in Canada.Various other aspects of snow and ice are discussed in: 21 courses in glaciology or glacial geology at 14 universities; 3 courses in snow and ice physics at 2 universities; in 1 course in glacial climatology, snow and avalanches, permafrost, and snowpack management.
IASH Commission of Snow and Ice Meeting: Paris, France, September 3”5, 1969
Authors: Meier Mark F. 
Published: October 2011

The IASH Commission of Snow and Ice met jointly with the Working Group on Glaciology of the Special Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR).Five technical guides have been prepared by the Commission of Snow and Ice for major IHD projects and have been in press at Unesco for more than a year and a half. They should be published by December 1969. A sixth guide, on Sea, Lake and River Ice, was approved for publication, and two other guides (Avalanche Classification and Part 2 of Combined Heat, Ice, and Water Balances) have been distributed in first or second draft form. They should be ready for approval by the next meeting of the officers of the Commission. Even though these guides have not yet been officially published, they have served as instruction and coordination media for a large number of glacier and seasonal snow cover projects in many nations during the first part of the International Hydrological Decade.
Professional communication
Authors: McTaggart‐Cowan P. D. 
Published: October 2011

Michael Church's contribution to ‘Forum’ in the October issue of EOS is another in a long series of sincere requests on the part of scholars for some courage in the professional and learned societies to break the bonds that are binding us in our information system.I would like to see the AGU break these bonds soon by doing precisely what Michael Church suggests: insist that each author submitting a paper for publication submits an abstract of the contents and conclusions that conforms to a fairly rigid specification to be laid down by the editor. These abstracts would then be published in a reunited JGR along with one or two articles or papers selected because of their merit that would appear in full length. I differ from Michael Church in my suggestion that the abstracts be printed in a reunited JGR because I think EOS has a special role to play, which it is doing very well, and should not be expected to participate in this particular venture.
The President's Page: A century of U.S. Weather Services
Authors: Landsberg Helmut E. 
Published: October 2011

On February 9, 1970, the government weather services in the United States celebrated their one hundredth anniversary. A century ago President Grant signed a joint resolution of Congress authorizing telegraphic collection of weather messages and the issuing of storm warnings.As has often been the case, this legislation was born as a result of disasters. Storm catastrophes had caused great shipping losses on the Great Lakes and in coastal waters. The Signal Service of the Army, in control of the best communication network in the country, was given this new responsibilty. Over two decades earlier Joseph Henry, the erudite first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution had tried to inaugurate a weather service. But the gentle scientist to whom acquisition of knowledge was more important than service did not convince Congress to spend public funds for such purpose. Thus General Albert Myer, a persuasive M.D., became the organizer of a synoptic service. He had at his side very talented civilian help, especially Cleveland Abbe who, with Increase Lapham, was the godfather of the meteorological service. Distinguished members of the then young National Academy of Sciences took a major interest in meteorology. Best known among them was William Ferrel, the first to create a sound theory of atmospheric motions.
A Long‐Range Program of Solid Earth Studies
Authors: Drake Charles L. 
Published: October 2011

This article is part of a report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Long‐Range Program of Solid Earth Studies prepared at the request of IUGG/IUGS to provide a starting point or basic framework for coordinated future efforts in geology and solid earth geophysics. It was intended for internal use by IUGG and IUGS as a planning document, and as such it assumes familiarity with the subject matter and with the basic problems in earth science. It also draws heavily upon the administrative experience and the scientific results gained during the Upper Mantle Project. Committee Members included B. Baker, C. Drake (Chairman), X. Le Pichon, E. Lubimova, D. McKenzie, E. Niggli, and T. Rikitake.Members of the Committee served as individuals rather than as representatives of organizations or countries. The document contains a basic program agreed to by all the Committee members, and members who had additional comments were asked to submit covering letters containing these. The letters have not been published, but the main thrust of the comments was that regional studies and regional cooperative programs in areas of special significance should not be neglected in a program oriented toward global problems.
Magnetic storms and the aurorae
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

‘A Theory of Magnetic Storms and of the Aurorae,’ by Hannes Alfvén, was first published in the Proceedings of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences approximately thirty years ago. This work contains ideas that have influenced much of contemporary magnetospheric theory and, as such, makes interesting reading today. Portions of it are reprinted here with marginal annotations by A. J. Dessler (National Aeronautics and Space Council, Executive Office of the President) and John M. Wilcox (Space Science Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley).In spite of this passage of time (which is long compared to the normal three‐year lifetime of a typical good research paper), this paper has retained a tone that fits well into present day research on plasma motions within the magnetosphere. The contemporary tone of this paper is all the more remarkable if it is compared with the work published during this same time period by others. Alfvén was the inventor of magnetohydrodynamics (hydromagnetism), he discovered the guiding‐center approximation for determining the gross motion of charged particles trapped in a magnetic field, and he was the first to introduce the concept of electric‐field drift for plasma in the geomagnetic field. He also introduced the concept of a partial ring current formed from trapped radiation. All of the above ideas, except hydromagnetism, are used in the excerpts reprinted below. It would be nearly 20 years before these ideas would be widely used by others.
Expansion of tsunami network
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey is expanding the Tsunami Warning System in the Pacific by the addition of 14 seismic observatories and tide stations and by the installation of new instrumentation at various sites in the network. The system furnishes warnings to 14 countries and territories in the Pacific Basin.Participation of six seismic observatories at Wellington, New Zealand; Port Moresby, New Guinea; Suva, Fiji Islands; Tacubaya, Mexico; Antofagasta, Chile; and Easter Island is expected to expedite the determination in certain areas of earthquake epicenters and to provide a greater degree of accuracy.
Highlights of the Council Meeting December 14, 1969
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The second 1969 meeting of the AGU Council was held prior to the National Fall Meeting at the Jack Tar Hotel in San Francisco, California, on December 14. A number of items were discussed at this meeting that will have a far‐reaching effect on the direction of the Union in the coming years.International Affairs. The Secretary for International Participation, Thomas F. Malone, gave an extended report on international developments. It was reported that L. Constantinescu of Rumania was named Vice President of the IUGG succeeding H. Kuno, who died last spring. There was brief discussion of a number of proposals for reorganization and realignment of the geophysical activities within ICSU, and the Council resolved to establish an AGU committee to study and report on the structure of IUGG and related unions and committees in order that the U.S. National Committee can have an informed position on this matter.
Books
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

This technical guide to hydrological practice, produced by Unesco, is an unusually complete and well‐written compilation of basic techniques in both field measurements and their interpretation. It should prove to be a most useful book, especially in the less‐developed countries, for technician training, as an introductory text, or as a reference.The Editors, V. A. Ouryvaev of the USSR State Hydrological Institute, and C. Toebes of the New Zealand Ministry of Works Soil and Water Division, have produced a truly international and comprehensive work, with the aid of 50 contributors. Their text is clear and easily understood, even by one not versed in hydrology.
Notes and commentary
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A graduate‐level program leading to the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in water resources management has been instituted at Colorado State University.The program, known as ‘Watreman’ (WATer REsources MANagement), is supported in part by an institutional development grant from the Agency for International Development. Graduate research and teaching assistantships are available for both foreign and U.S. students. Stipends range as high as $5000 halftime for twelve months.
John Adam Fleming Medal to Joseph Kaplan
Authors: Van Allen James A. , Odishaw Hugh , Kaplan Joseph 
Published: October 2011

Joseph Kaplan exhibits both of the criteria for the Fleming Award. His research investigations in upper atmospheric processes opened up and illuminated this large area of investigation; his scientific leadership at home and abroad in a host of major endeavors, particularly over the last two decades, has contributed enormously to the advance of geophysics and related sciences.His own research began with the laboratory production of the green auroral line in chemiluminescence at Princeton in 1927, and thereafter he succeeded in producing some of the most important features of the spectra of aurora and airglow in the laboratory. This work made him one of the first to recognize the importance of chemical kinetics in the processes at play in the upper atmosphere. His former Ph.D. students now represent some of our outstanding atmospheric scientists, whose investigations have ranged from the physics of ionized gases to motions in the high atmosphere.
To Mr. Smith from the Staff
Authors: Young John B. 
Published: October 2011

The departure of an AGU staffer occasions the usual farewells, a final paycheck, and desk‐cleaning, highlighted by a group lunch or afterwork drink‐along. On August 31, another member of our staff will leave, and we wonder how one says farewell to the man at the top—a man who became the first staff member before some of us were even born.As days blend together, one undistinguished from the other, Mr. Smith has become a part of the office scene, sometimes searching through file cabinets, another time checking figures with the accountant, or perhaps looking through stacks of books in a closet. A new staffer will usually wonder about this man whose authority is often suffused with anonymity. The newcomer might even feel a certain apprehension on first meeting him; but Mr. Smith always makes a point of meeting new people, and the expression that initially seems severe relaxes in a smile that becomes a part of the whole man.
Computer Program for Earth's magnetic field
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A FORTRAN IV computer program has been developed by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey to compute the elements of the earth's magnetic field for any geographic position.Part of the program is a mathematical model of the geomagnetic field consisting of two sets of spherical harmonic coefficients. The first set, representing the main geomagnetic field, consists of 168 coefficients (degree and order 12); the second set, representing the rates of annual change, consists of 80 coefficients (degree and order 8). The model was used to create the 1970 U.S. edition of the World Magnetic Charts of Declination (Variation of the Compass); these charts are compiled by the Geomagnetism Division of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and published by the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office. Geomagnetic values computed from the program are identical with values scaled from the charts.
JGR index
Authors: Hunten Donald M. , Hooke William H. 
Published: October 2011

Nearly everybody around here has complained about the lateness of the 1969 JGR index, or wondered whether his copy has been lost. I enthusiastically share these feelings; for a volume as thick as a year of JGR it is a serious and frequent inconvenience to have to work without an index. I am sure that the librarians must be seething because they can't bind their volumes.I appreciate the fact that it is a big job to make an index; but it's a job that must be done, and a delay of over 9 months really has to be considered unacceptable. If absolutely necessary, you should get out the author index right away, and issue the subject index later. In fact, some journals have started to print a cumulative author index in each issue; this is a very valuable device.
The President's Page: Guest editorial: Population
Authors: Singer S. Fred 
Published: October 2011

In a precedent‐breaking proposal, President Nixon last year called for the establishment of a Commission on Population Growth and the American Future. With the signing of the bill on March 16, 1970, the government has established a group at the highest level that can chart national goals and recommend suitable policies with respect to population matters. One of the important questions will be to determine an optimum for the United States in terms of level and rate of growth, as well as distribution of population, and to comprehend all of the implications.Defining ‘optimum’ is deceptively simple in terms of standard of living, more elusive in terms of ‘quality of life.’ But while the specification of ‘optimum’ may be arguable, its existence seems intuitively obvious. Consider, for example, a city. If it is too small, then many amenities are unavailable. If it is too large, they may not be accessible, and additional factors like noise and traffic jams will reduce the quality of life.