bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-vitro Cytotoxicity Investigations for Phytoconstituents of Saudi Medicinal Plants With Putative Ocular Effects
Authors: Alghamdi Ali Hendi , Ahmed Aimun A.E. , Abdalgadir Haidar , Bashir Mahadi , Khalid Asaad , Abdalla Ashraf N. , Elzubier Mohamed E. , Adnan Almaimani Riyad , Refaat Bassem , Alzahrani Khalid , Alghamdi Saleh M.S. , Gul Sheraz 
Published: May 2024

Background: Metastatic secondary ocular tumors spread from systemic malignancies, including breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of extracts from 5 medicinal plants native to Saudi Arabia. Methods: For preliminary activity screening, cytotoxicity using the MTT assay and selectivity index determinations were made for medicinal plant extracts against various cancer cell-lines. The most promising extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis to determine the phytochemical composition. Clonogenic assays were performed using the most promising extract to confirm the initial results. Finally, western blot analysis was used to determine the modulation in expression of survivin and P27 suppressor genes in the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cell-line to understand the potential mechanistic properties of the active plant extract. Results: The 5 plant extracts showed various cytotoxic activity levels using IC50. The most active extract was found to be the leaves of Capparis spinosa L. (BEP-07 extract) against the MCF7 breast cancer cell-line (IC50 = 3.61 ± 0.99 μg/ml) and selectivity index of 1.17 compared to the normal human fetal lung fibroblast (MRC5) cells. BEP-07 extract showed a dose dependent clonogenic effect against the MCF7 colonies which was comparable with the effect of doxorubicin. BEP-07 extract caused a significant decrease of survivin and increase in P27 expression compared to control GAPDH at its highest dose (14 µg/ml). The GC-MS chromatogram of Capparis spinosa L. (BEP-07 extract) revealed the existence of 145 compounds, belonging to the diverse classes of phytoconstituents. Fatty acids and their derivatives represent 15.4%, whilst octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester was the principal component (7.9%) detected. Conclusion: Leaves of Capparis spinosa L. (BEP-07 extract) exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect particularly against breast cancer cells. It exhibited this effect through survivin inhibition and via P27 upregulation. The detected phytoconstituents in the plant extract might be involved in tested cytotoxic activity, while further investigations are required to complete the drug candidate profile.
Impact of line probe assay-based molecular testing on individualized treatment in patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: data from the prospective INNOVA4TB cohort study in Ukraine
Authors: Dudnyk Andrii , Hempel Matthias , Lytvyniuk Oksana , Liudkevych Halyna , Matsera Volodymyr , Nikitchenko Tetiana , Blyzniuk Svitlana , Molina-Moya Barbara , Preyer Rosemarie , Domínguez José 
Published: May 2024

Background: Ukraine remains a high World Health Organization priority country for drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). Rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) has a more protracted, more complicated, and more expensive treatment. In 2021, Ukraine reported 4025 RR-TB cases – 5.4 times more (751) than all 30 European Union/ European Economic Area countries together. Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of line probe assay (LPA), AID Autoimmun Diagnostika GmbH, for detecting resistance to anti-TB drugs and its clinical application for selecting treatment regimens. Design: A prospective observational cohort study. Methods: From May 2019 to June 2020, we consecutively enrolled patients with active TB hospitalized at the Regional Phthisiopulmonology Center (Vinnytsia, Ukraine), aged between 18 and 82 years. The LPA was performed in the Genetic Research Laboratory at National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine. Results: A total of 84 clinical specimens and 97 culture isolates from 126 TB patients were tested during the study. Accuracy (95% confidence interval) of LPA for clinical samples in comparison with phenotypic drug susceptibility test (DST) was 80.1 (68.5–89.0) for isoniazid (H), 74.7 (62.4–84.6) for rifampicin (R), 74.4 (62.5–84.1) for ethambutol, 71.4 (41.9–91.6) for streptomycin, 84.6 (62.4–96.5) for prothionamide/ethionamide, and 84.6 (73.6–92.3) for levofloxacin (Lfx), respectively. We found a significantly higher sensitivity of LPA for H, R, and Lfx for the culture isolates compared to clinical specimens ( p < 0.05). LPA detected different mutations in 6 out of 17 (35.5%) patients susceptible to R by Xpert. A shorter treatment regimen with an injectable agent demonstrated a low suitability rate of 5% (8/156) in a cohort of RR-TB patients from Ukraine. Conclusion: Initial LPA testing accurately identifies resistance to anti-TB drugs and facilitates the selection of an appropriate treatment regimen, minimizing exposure to empirical therapy.
Enhancing nasogastric tube insertion skill performance by using updated checklist among nursing students
Authors: Kebede Ebissa Bayana , Biratu Terfa Yonas , Tiruneh Abebaw , Sehumehone Enatfanta , Fekecha Bekana 
Published: May 2024

Background: Nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion is one of the most commonly performed procedures for critically ill patients through the nostril or mouth into the stomach, which is indicated for multiple reasons. Objective: This study is, therefore, aimed to enhance the NGT insertion skill performance of third-year nursing students using the updated checklist, 2021. Method: A facility-based pre-post intervention study was conducted among third-year nursing students of the School of Nursing, Jimma University. An updated checklist and intervention package were used among 26 randomly selected nursing students. The collected data was entered into EpiData version 3.1, EpiData Association, Denmark and exported to SPSS version 23, IBM Corp, Armonk, NewYork for analysis. Descriptive statistics were made for each item and Paired T-test analysis was conducted to summarize the findings. Result: The highest NGT skill insertion performance score from 40% before the intervention was 35; however, after the intervention, the score increased to 40.3. Their mean score in NGT skill performance was increased by 11 after the intervention of implementing the intervention package using the updated checklist from 26.5 ±5 0.3 the pre-intervention to 37.8 ±5 1.7 post-intervention. The finding indicated that the improvement was statistically significant at p < 0.001. Conclusion: Implementing an intervention package and employing an updated NGT insertion checklist improved the performance of third-year nursing students’ NGT insertion skills by an average of 11 points compared to their pre-test scores. A large-scale control randomized trial study was recommended to control for the effects of confounding factors on the implementation of intervention packages.
The practice of key messages for optimal breastfeeding and associated factors among lactating mothers in the Boset District, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Deybasso Haji Aman , Kalu Begi Sultan , Deme Lenjiso Birhanu , Bekele Nardos Tilahun , Getahun Mihiret Shawel , Negussie Yohannes Mekuria 
Published: May 2024

Background: Inadequate breastfeeding can lead to significant morbidity, mortality, and long-term adverse health outcomes. Key messages promoting optimal breastfeeding are integral to Essential Nutritional Action, aimed at improving children’s nutritional status, especially those under the age of two. However, there is a dearth of data regarding the extent to which lactating mothers adhere to these key messages and the associated factors. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of practice of key messages for optimal breastfeeding and identify associated factors among lactating mothers living in the Boset District, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 418 lactating mothers from January 1st to February 28th, 2022. The participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique, and data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regressions were performed to examine the association between independent and dependent variables. Adjusted Odds Ratios with a 95% confidence interval were used to estimate the strength of the associations and statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05. Result: The overall level of practice of key messages for optimal breastfeeding was 63.9% (95% CI: 59.1–68.2). The odds of practicing key messages for optimal breastfeeding were higher for mothers who attended antenatal care four times or more (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.3), received counseling on breastfeeding during postnatal care (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 2.2–6.4), had a good knowledge of breastfeeding (AOR = 6.2, 95% CI: 3.6–10.7), and had a favorable attitude toward breastfeeding (AOR = 6.1, 95% CI: 3.5–10.6). Conclusion: Breastfeeding key message practices among lactating mothers in the study area fell below the recommended universal coverage of 90%. Factors identified included the number of antenatal care visits, counseling on breastfeeding, level of knowledge, and attitude toward breastfeeding. Promoting regular antenatal visits, providing thorough postnatal counseling, and enhancing knowledge and attitudes are crucial for improving optimal breastfeeding practices.
Trait-based Imitation of CSR: The Moderating Effect of Corporate Image Advertising
Authors: Park Sung-Yun , Yoon Woojin 
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the determinants of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) listed firms based on the theoretical arguments of trait-based imitation in uncertainty. This study assumes that an organization’s decision-making occurs under bounded rationality and acquires social legitimacy by past behavior or by imitating other organizations to reduce uncertainty. We used an unbalanced panel data of 6,364 observations from 464 firms from 2000 to 2019 using KIS Value, TS2000, and disclosed business reports to test our research hypotheses. The fixed-effects model results for the unbalanced panel data are as follows: Firms that had been active in CSR in the past tended to participate more actively in CSR. Also, firms execute CSR more actively if other firms with similar status show a high level of CSR. These results reveal that firms imitate corporate decision-making in their experience or similar-status firms’ activities. In addition, corporate image advertising positively moderates the relationship between the organization’s CSR and those of companies in similar positions. This study has significance in that it further expanded the scope of theoretical explanation by introducing the theoretical argument that CSR is an act of decision-making in uncertainties and trait-based imitation made under bounded rationality. Furthermore, this study provides an empirical basis for further research on CSR by determining the variables that induce CSR.
Positive Outcomes in Isolated and Syndromic Pierre Robin Sequence Infants Treated with Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis: A Single Surgeon’s Experience
Authors: Braswell Ann Carol , Wagner Grant P. , Bald Madeline P. , Soto Edgar , Robin Nathaniel H. , Smola Cassi , Myers René P. 
Published: May 2024

Background: Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) presents in isolation [iPRS] or in conjunction with a genetic syndrome [sPRS] that can subsequently lead to respiratory dysfunction and eventual failure to thrive. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) has gained popularity as a way to surgically address the airway obstruction in PRS. sPRS patients routinely have a more challenging clinical course, and there is a paucity of data comparing the effectiveness of MDO as a treatment for sPRS versus iPRS. That said, this study analyzed MDO in both sPRS and iPRS patients within a relatively large single institution cohort. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on all PRS patients who underwent MDO by a single surgeon between 2015 and 2022. The patients were stratified into iPRS or sPRS based on genetic evaluation (N = 50). Primary measures were demographic and situational data; outcome measures included tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube (g-tube) avoidance, Apnea-Hypoxia Index (AHI), and laryngeal view predistraction and at time of distractor removal. Results: Prior to distraction, iPRS (N = 32) and sPRS (N = 18) patients showed no significant differences in age (105.1 ± 199.7 days; range 2-1051 days), AHI (17.3 ± 17.1; range 3.6-90), or laryngeal view (65% grade III or IV) ( P > .05). Overall, post-MDO, there was a statistically significant decrease in mean AHI 17.3 to 4.5 ( P < .001). sPRS patients in particular had a significant decrease in average AHI following MDO from 15.2 to 4.5 ( P = .028). Post-MDO both groups had similar improvement of laryngeal view, and avoidance of g-tube ( P < .05). Conclusions: MDO was found to be an effective technique to improve airway obstruction in both sPRS and iPRS. Despite the fact that sPRS patients typically have a more challenging clinical course, an equivalent clinical improvement in airway outcomes was seen between sPRS and iPRS patients post-MDO.
Self-reported removal and expulsion of the dapivirine vaginal ring: qualitative reports from female ring users and their male partners in the Ring Study (IPM 027)
Authors: Milford Cecilia , Ramlal Hariska , Mofokeng Rorisang , Rambally Greener Letitia , Nel Annaléne , Smit Jennifer , Malherbe Mariëtte 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background/aims
The dapivirine vaginal ring is a self-administered, women-initiated, discreet, long-acting HIV-1 prevention option for women. It was found to be safe and effective in healthy HIV-negative women who adhered to product use instructions, and has been approved for use in women aged 18 and older in some African countries. A qualitative study was conducted to explore participants’ and their male partners’ discussions on accidental/purposeful vaginal ring removals during The Ring Study (IPM 027 clinical trial).

Methods
Data were collected via in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with female trial participants and their male partners, from seven research centres in South Africa and Uganda. Data were thematically analysed using NVivo.

Results
More participants reported purposeful ring removals than accidental expulsions. Various factors influenced purposeful ring removal – including individual (discomfort during use/sex and to clean it), partner (to show them, because of discomfort during sex, to test if partners could feel it, and concerns of harm), organisational (doctor’s request), and socio-cultural (rumours about sickness and infertility). Some described their own ring use removal, others discussed why other participants removed their rings.

Conclusions
Vaginal ring adherence is critical to improve and support product efficacy. Counselling on vaginal anatomy, vaginal ring insertion and importance of adherence is important to minimise vaginal ring removal. Couples counselling is also important to facilitate support and long-term vaginal ring adherence behaviour. Understanding factors influencing vaginal ring adherence is important for tailoring and targeting messages to support correct and consistent vaginal ring use as it is made available to the public.
Morphological features of the acetabulum with coxa profunda in women: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Kato Michitaka , Ando Takanori , Mitamura Shingo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The morphology of coxa profunda remains inadequately understood. However, knowledge about the characteristics of the acetabulum in coxa profunda can help to predict pelvic morphology in three dimensions based on radiographic findings, as well as help to diagnose and predict hip pathologies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the morphological characteristics of the pelvis and coxa profunda.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis including women who had undergone unilateral total hip arthroplasty. Only those with normal hip joint morphology on the opposite side, as evidenced by anteroposterior pelvic radiography showing a distance of ≥ 2 mm between the ilioischial line and acetabular floor, were included. Five parameters related to acetabular anteversion, thickness, and the position of the ilioischial line were measured using axial computed tomography at the central hip joint. The coxa profunda group (n = 39) and control group (n = 34) were compared.

Results
The mean acetabular anteversion angle was 12.5° ± 4° in the control group and 22.3° ± 5.6° in the coxa profunda group. The mean thickness from the acetabular fossa to the medial wall was 7.5 ± 1.7 mm in the control group and 3.9 ± 1.2 mm in the coxa profunda group. Furthermore, the bony region representing the ilioischial line was positioned more posteriorly in the coxa profunda group than it was in the control group.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that coxa profunda in women is associated with anterior acetabular dysplasia and a thin acetabulum, in contrast to previous interpretations of excessive coverage. This insight suggests a conversion of coxa profunda from a finding of pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement to a finding of acetabular dysplasia, a revelation that also draws attention to cup positioning for total hip arthroplasty.
Women escaping domestic violence to achieve safe housing: an integrative review
Authors: Stulz Virginia , Francis Lyn , Naidu Anshu , O’Reilly Rebecca 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
This integrative review summarises original research that explores women’s experiences of escaping domestic violence to achieve safe housing.

Methods
Integrative review. A robust search strategy was conducted using the following databases: Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Cochrane, Medline and PubMed. All articles were assessed for quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tools (MMAT) scoring. Whittemore and Knafl’s (2005) five stage approach was used to analyse the primary literature related to women’s and stakeholders’ experiences of escaping domestic violence to achieve safe housing.

Results
A total of 41 articles were retrieved and 12 papers were included in this review (six qualitative, one quantitative and five mixed methods) that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four overarching themes were identified: ‘Experiences of leaving domestic violence’, ‘Barriers to achieving safe housing’, ‘Facilitators to achieving safe housing’ and ‘The road to recovery’. The ‘Experiences of leaving domestic violence’ theme included two subthemes: ‘the losses’ and ‘ongoing contact with the perpetrator’. The ‘Barriers to achieving safe housing’ theme included three subthemes: ‘financial insecurity’, ‘being judged by others for leaving and service availability’. The ‘Facilitators to achieving safe housing’ theme included two sub-themes: ‘support, partnership, and collaboration between women and service providers’ and ‘feeling respected and heard’. The ‘Road to recovery’ theme included two sub-themes: ‘being a good mother’ and ‘empowerment after leaving domestic violence’.

Conclusions
This review has highlighted the need for service and health care providers to work together and collaborate effectively with the woman experiencing and escaping domestic violence, especially in rural and remote areas. This means giving women access to the most suitable educational resources and services that are appropriate for their unique situation. Tailoring support for women is crucial to enable women to achieve safe housing and to be able to live a safe life with their children, away from the perpetrator of the domestic violence.
The effect of inhaler prescription on the development of lung cancer in COPD: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Park Ji Eun , Lee Eunyoung , Singh Dave , Kim Eun Kyung , Park Bumhee , Park Joo Hun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
COPD is associated with the development of lung cancer. A protective effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on lung cancer is still controversial. Hence, this study investigated the development of lung cancer according to inhaler prescription and comorbidties in COPD.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. The development of lung cancer was investigated from the index date to December 31, 2020. This cohort included COPD patients (≥ 40 years) with new prescription of inhalers. Patients with a previous history of any cancer during screening period or a switch of inhaler after the index date were excluded.

Results
Of the 63,442 eligible patients, 39,588 patients (62.4%) were in the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) group, 22,718 (35.8%) in the ICS/LABA group, and 1,136 (1.8%) in the LABA group. Multivariate analysis showed no significant difference in the development of lung cancer according to inhaler prescription. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, sex, and significant factors in the univariate analysis, demonstrated that diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) (HR = 2.68; 95%CI = 1.86–3.85), a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score (HR = 1.05; 95%CI = 1.01–1.08), and two or more hospitalizations during screening period (HR = 1.19; 95%CI = 1.01–1.39), along with older age and male sex, were independently associated with the development of lung cancer.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that the development of lung cancer is not independently associated with inhaler prescription, but with coexisting DILD, a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and frequent hospitalization.
Triglyceride-glucose index is associated with myocardial ischemia and poor prognosis in patients with ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: Zhang Wen , Liu Lu , Yin Guoqing , Mohammed Abdul-Quddus , Xiang Lanqing , Lv Xian , Shi Tingting , Galip Jassur , Wang Chunyue , Mohammed Ayman A. , Mareai Redhwan M. , Yu Fei , Abdu Fuad A. , Che Wenliang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is increasingly recognized and associated with poor outcomes. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable alternative measure of insulin resistance significantly linked to cardiovascular disease and adverse prognosis. We investigated the association between the TyG index and myocardial ischemia and the prognosis in INOCA patients.

Methods
INOCA patients who underwent both coronary angiography and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) were included consecutively. All participants were divided into three groups according to TyG tertiles (T1, T2, and T3). Abnormal MPI for myocardial ischemia in individual coronary territories was defined as summed stress score (SSS) ≥ 4 and summed difference score (SDS) ≥ 2. SSS refers to the sum of all defects in the stress images, and SDS is the difference of the sum of all defects between the rest images and stress images. All patients were followed up for major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Results
Among 332 INOCA patients, 113 (34.0%) had abnormal MPI. Patients with higher TyG index had a higher rate of abnormal MPI (25.5% vs. 32.4% vs. 44.1%; p = 0.012). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that a high TyG index was significantly correlated with abnormal MPI in INOCA patients (OR, 1.901; 95% CI, 1.045–3.458; P = 0.035). During the median 35 months of follow-up, 83 (25%) MACE were recorded, and a higher incidence of MACE was observed in the T3 group (T3 vs. T2 vs. T1: 36.9% vs. 21.6% vs. 16.4%, respectively; p = 0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the T3 group was significantly associated with the risk of MACE compared to the T1 group (HR, 2.338; 95% CI 1.253–4.364, P = 0.008).

Conclusion
This study indicates for the first time that the TyG index is significantly associated with myocardial ischemia and poor prognosis among INOCA patients.