bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetics and population genetics of the Eurasian parasitoid Macrocentrus cingulum based on mitochondrial and nuclear loci
Authors: Pélissié Benjamin , Ponsard Sergine , Bourguet Denis , Kergoat Gael J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSpecifying species boundaries is often tricky, because advanced biomolecular analyses can reveal that morphologically similar individuals in fact belong to distinct species. This is frequently the case when populations previously considered as a single polyphagous taxon prove to consist of several genetically distinct taxa using different resources, e.g., among insect parasitoids. Macrocentrus cingulum Brischke (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the genus Ostrinia (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) feeding on various host plants across the world, is one of them. In Western Europe, M. cingulum has never been found in Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) populations feeding on maize, although it heavily parasitizes sympatric Ostrinia scapulalis Walker populations feeding on mugwort. In contrast, it contributes to pest control of Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée feeding on maize in Asia and O. nubilalis feeding on maize in America, suggesting that European and Asian M. cingulum populations might form two distinct taxa. We tested this hypothesis by conducting phylogenetic and population genetic analyses based on two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes, on 97 M. cingulum individuals sampled in Asia, USA, and Europe. Our analyses not only suggest that all sampled M. cingulum probably belong to the same species, but also show a significant genetic differentiation between individuals originating from Europe on the one hand and Asia/USA on the other, which correlates with infestation patterns. Moreover, they show that American specimens are closely related to Asian ones, consistent with historical records about M. cingulum introductions into the USA in the 1920s and 1930s to control expanding O. nubilalis populations. Combining these results with what is known about the evolutionary history within the genus Ostrinia, we offer a candidate evolutionary scenario that is amenable to future empirical testing.
Butterfly community ecology: the influences of habitat type, weather patterns, and dominant species in a temperate ecosystem
Authors: Robinson Natalie , Armstead Stephen , Deane Bowers M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe compared variation in butterfly communities across 3 years at six different habitats in a temperate ecosystem near Boulder, Colorado, USA. These habitats were classified by the local Open Space consortium as Grasslands, Tallgrass, Foothills Grasslands, Foothills Riparian, Plains Riparian, and Montane Woodland. Rainfall and temperature varied considerably during these years. We surveyed butterflies using the Pollard‐Yates method of invertebrate sampling and compared abundance, species richness, and diversity across habitats and years. Communities were most influenced by habitat, with all three quantitative measures varying significantly across habitats but only two measures showing variation across years. Among habitats, butterfly abundance was higher in Plains Riparian sites than in Montane Woodland or Grassland sites, though diversity was lowest in Plains Riparian areas. Butterfly species richness was higher in Foothills Riparian sites than it was in all but one other habitat (Tallgrass). Among years, butterfly abundance and species richness were lower during the year of least rainfall and highest temperatures, suggesting a substantial impact of the hot, dry conditions. Across habitats and years, butterfly abundance was consistently high at Plains Riparian and Foothills Riparian sites, and richness and diversity were consistently high in Foothills Riparian areas. These two habitats may be highly suitable for butterflies in this ecosystem, regardless of weather conditions. Generally low abundance and species richness in Montane Woodlands sites, particularly in 2002, suggested low suitability of the habitat to butterflies in this ecosystem, and this may be especially important during drought‐like conditions. Finally, to examine the effect that the presence of the very abundant non‐native species Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) has on these communities, we re‐analyzed the data in the absence of this species. Excluding P. rapae dramatically reduced variation of both butterfly abundance and diversity across habitats, highlighting the importance of considering community membership in analyses like ours.
Attraction and oviposition responses of the fungus gnat Bradysia impatiens to microbes and microbe‐inoculated seedlings in laboratory bioassays
Authors: Braun S.E. , Sanderson J.P. , Daughtrey M.L. , Wraight S.P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLaboratory tests were conducted to examine preferences of Bradysia impatiens Johannsen (Diptera: Sciaridae) larvae and adults for various microbes associated with greenhouse crops. Fungus gnat larvae and adults exhibited a preference for cultures of Pythium spp. over the medium used to grow the pathogens. Larvae also exhibited a preference for geranium seedlings infected with pathogenic Pythium spp. [P. aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitz., P. ultimum Trow, and P. irregulare Buis. (Oomycota: Peronosporales)] over non‐inoculated plants. Adult fungus gnats exhibited a strong ovipositional preference for the aforementioned Pythium spp. as well as a variety of other microorganisms, including the pathogenic fungus Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Br.) (Ascomycota: Microascales), the geranium‐infecting bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii (Brown) Dye (Proteobacteria: Xanthomonadales), the non‐pathogenic species Pythium torulosum Coker & P. Patt. and Pythium graminicola Subramaniam, the pathogen‐suppressive fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), and the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Our study is the first to demonstrate that fungus gnats are attracted to and/or stimulated to oviposit by a wide array of living microorganisms both in pure culture and in association with plant seedlings. These findings have important implications with respect to the potential role of fungus gnats in plant pathogen transmission.
Over what distance are plant volatiles bioactive? Estimating the spatial dimensions of attraction in an arthropod assemblage
Authors: Braasch Joseph , Kaplan Ian 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAs studies demonstrating attraction of natural enemies to synthetic herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) accumulate, it is becoming increasingly important to investigate how deployment of these compounds influences arthropod behavior and distribution in the field. There is currently an unexplained dichotomy in the literature regarding the distance over whichHIPVs are thought to be effective. It is assumed that these compounds increase recruitment of natural enemies into fields, whereas experiments have found the effects of attraction to dissipate as little as 1.5 m from lures. Through the use of the commonHIPVphenylethyl alcohol in soybean [Glycine max(L.)Merr (Fabaceae)] fields, we used replicated mini plots to test the spatial scale and consequences of attraction by analyzing the response of a complex arthropod community toHIPVs along a distance gradient from theHIPVsource. Although repellent effects were more common than attractive ones, we found that insect responses toHIPVs are generally consistent out to a range of 8 m, corroborating the idea that volatiles can influence a wide area and are capable of increasing arthropod recruitment at a field scale. Evidence of redistribution (i.e., depletion of patches surroundingHIPV‐augmented plots) was found for a single taxon, braconid wasps, for which augmentation occurred around the lure, but with a reciprocal decline in abundance at greater distances from the emission site. These results are both encouraging and cautionary. Although broad‐scale diffusion ofHIPVs appears to be common, redistribution of key predators and/or parasitoids may complicate natural enemy management on a landscape scale by aggravating pest outbreaks in areas robbed of their normal carnivore assemblage.
Social learning and technology adoption: the case of coffee pruning in Peru
Authors: Weber Jeremy G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA unique natural experiment involving a coffee pruning technology is used to study social learning. The yield effects of pruning take two years to appear, a characteristic that aids in identifying social learning apart from correlated unobservable variables that are a concern in the social learning and technology adoption literature. Panel data are employed that start with a private initiative which introduced systematic pruning in central Peru and that contain the population of participating growers. Results show a jump of at least 0.15 in the probability of adoption two years after the first pruning in a grower's group.
Alveolar ridge augmentation using implants coated with recombinant human growth/differentiation factor ‐5 (rhGDF‐5). Radiographic observations
Authors: Leknes Knut N. , Yang Jie , Qahash Mohammed , Polimeni Giuseppe , Susin Cristiano , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectivesApplication of growth factors onto dental implant surfaces is being considered to support local bone formation. Bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) and BMP‐7 have been shown to support local bone formation, but are also associated with adverse events including seroma formation, extensive bone remodeling, and implant displacement captured in the radiographic evaluation. This report presents mineralized tissue formation and associated adverse events following implantation of recombinant human growth/differentiation factor‐5 (rhGDF‐5) coated onto a purpose‐designed titanium porous‐oxide implant surface.Material and MethodsTwelve young adult Labrador dogs were used. Three 10‐mm titanium implants/jaw quadrant were placed 5 mm into the alveolar ridge in the posterior mandible following surgical extraction of the premolar teeth and reduction of the alveolar ridge. Six animals received implants coated with rhGDF‐5 at 30 or 60 μg/implant in contralateral jaw quadrants. Six animals received implants coated with rhGDF‐5 at 120 μg/implant or uncoated implants (sham‐surgery control) using the same split‐mouth design. The mucoperiosteal flaps were advanced, adapted, and sutured to submerge the implants. Radiographic recordings were made immediately postsurgery (baseline), and at week 4 and 8 (end of study). Two masked examiners performed the analysis using computer enhanced radiographic images.ResultsrhGDF‐5 coated implants displayed mineralized tissue formation significantly exceeding that of the sham‐surgery control in a dose‐dependent order. The greatest increase was observed for implants coated with rhGDF‐5 at 60 μg and 120 μg amounting to approximately 2.2 mm for both groups at 8 weeks. Importantly, none of the implants showed evidence of peri‐implant bone remodeling, implant displacement, or seroma formation. The newly formed mineralized tissues assumed characteristics of the resident bone.ConclusionsrhGDF‐5 coated onto a titanium porous‐oxide implant surface exhibits a dose‐dependent potential to stimulate local mineralized tissue formation. Application of rhGDF‐5 appears safe as it is associated with limited, if any, adverse events.
Ridge preservation at implants installed immediately after molar extraction. An experimental study in the dog
Authors: Favero Giacomo , Lang Niklaus P. , De Santis Enzo , Gonzalez Brismayda Garcia , Schweikert Michael T. , Botticelli Daniele 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), in conjunction with a collagen membrane, on bone resorption at implants installed in a lingual position immediately into extraction sockets with horizontal residual buccal defects >2.0 mm.Material & methodsThe pulp tissue of the mesial roots of 1M1 was removed in six Labrador dogs, and the root canals were filled with gutta‐percha and cement. Flaps were elevated. The molars were hemi‐sectioned and the distal roots removed. Implants were installed in a lingual position and with the shoulder flush with the buccal bony crest. After installation, defects of about 2.5 and 2.7 mm in width resulted at the buccal aspects of the test and control sites, respectively. Only in the left site (test), deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) particles were placed into the defect concomitantly with the placement of a collagen membrane. On the control sites, no biomaterials were applied. A non‐submerged healing was allowed.ResultsAfter 3 months of healing, one control implant was not integrated and was excluded from the analysis, together with the contralateral test implant. All remaining implants were integrated into mature bone. The buccal alveolar bony crest was resorbed more at the test compared with the control sites, 2.2 ± 0.9 mm and 1.5 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. The vertical resorption of the lingual plate was 1.6 ± 1.5 mm and 1.5 ± 1.1 mm at the test and control sites, respectively. Only small residual DBBM particles were found at the test sites (1.4%).ConclusionThe use of DBBM particles to fill buccal defects of ≥2.5 mm at implants installed immediately into alveolar extraction sockets did not preserve the buccal bony wall.
Does residual cement around implant‐supported restorations cause peri‐implant disease? A retrospective case analysis
Authors: Linkevicius Tomas , Puisys Algirdas , Vindasiute Egle , Linkeviciene Laura , Apse Peteris 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between patients with a history of periodontitis and development of cement‐related peri‐implant disease.Materials and methodsSeventy‐seven patients with 129 implants for this retrospective analysis were selected from completed implant cases that were scheduled for regular maintenance or had experienced mechanical or biological complications between years 2006 and 2011 in private practice. Implants with extracoronal residual cement and implants without cement remnants were analyzed. The selected cases were further divided into two groups – implants in patients with history of periodontitis (1) and implants in periodontitis‐free individuals (2). The selection of these groups was made on the basis of treatment history and orthopantomograph. As a control group, a set of 238 screw‐retained implant restorations, delivered to 66 patients during the same period of time was examined. The incidence of peri‐implant disease among implants in all groups was calculated.ResultsPeri‐implant disease was evident in 62 of 73 implants with cement remnants (85%). All implants in group 1 developed peri‐implantitis – 4 early and 35 delayed disease cases. In the periodontally healthy group, 20 of 31 implants were diagnosed with peri‐implant mucositis, 3 implants had early peri‐implantitis, and 11 implants with cement remnants did not develop biological complications. In the group of implants without cement remnants, peri‐implant disease was diagnosed in 17 of 56 cases (30%). In contrast, only two occurrences of peri‐implant disease were registered in the control group of screw‐retained restorations (1.08%).ConclusionsImplants with cement remnants in patients with history of periodontitis may be more likely to develop peri‐implantitis, compared with patients without history of periodontal infection.
Evaluation of the osteoconductive potential of bone substitutes embedded with schneiderian membrane‐ or maxillary bone marrow‐derived osteoprogenitor cells
Authors: Srouji Samer , Ben‐David Dror , Funari Alessia , Riminucci Mara , Bianco Paolo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimSinus augmentation procedures commonly employ osteoconductive scaffolding materials to stimulate and support bone formation. The aim of this study was to develop a simple screening methodology for the evaluation of the osteoconductive potential of various bone graft materials prior to clinical use.Materials and methodsMaterials tested were Bio‐Oss, Bi‐Ostetic, OraGraft, and ProOsteon. These Simple and composite bone substitutes were embedded with osteoprogenitor cells derived from either the human maxillary sinus schneiderian membrane (hMSSM) or from maxillary tuberosity bone marrow and then monitored both in vitro and in vivo.ResultsCell adherence and proliferation was most pronounced in OraGraft, followed by ProOsteon. In vivo bone formation, within the bone graft, was also observed, with most marked results in OraGraft and ProOsteon grafts.ConclusionsThe proposed osteoconductivity testing method proved simple, informative, and reliable for the purpose of screening candidate biomaterials for sinus lifting or sinus augmentation.
A novel mutation in exon 8 of C1 inhibitor (C1INH) gene leads to abolish its physiological stop codon in a large Chinese family with hereditary angioedema type I
Authors: Qu Le , Wei Bin , Liu Mei , Zhang Lili , Xiao Ting , Chen Hong‐Duo , Zhou Li , Mi Qing‐Sheng , He Chundi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractC1 inhibitor (C1INH) plays an important role in the classical pathway of the complement system. Mutations in C1INH gene cause quantitative or qualitative deficiencies in C1INH, which can lead to hereditary angioedema (HAE) type I or II. Here, we identified a novel frame‐shift mutation c.1391‐1445del55 (p.v464fsx556) in exon 8 in a large Chinese family with HAE type I. This 55 base pairs deletion abolishes the original stop codon and introduces a new stop codon 220 bp downstream of the original one, and leads to mutated C1INH protein prolonged from 500 to 556 amino acids. The levels of C4 and C1INH as well as C1INH activity in serum were significantly reduced in affected individuals. This is the first report of a novel mutation abolishing the physiological stop codon of C1INH gene in a large Chinese family with HAE type I.
Spatial variation in the somatic growth rates of European barbel Barbus barbus: a UK perspective
Authors: Britton John R. , Davies Gareth D. , Pegg Josephine 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe European barbel Barbus barbus is threatened in areas of its range because of its sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbance in riverine habitats and, in the UK, is indigenous to a relatively small number of east‐flowing rivers, with nonindigenous populations present in other rivers following introductions for angling enhancement. Fish stock assessment surveys completed between 2002 and 2010 collated age and growth data from 20 rivers across their indigenous and nonindigenous UK range. Analyses revealed that individuals present in samples are of 21 years old, with growth rates highly variable between rivers. There was no relationship between growth rates and the maximum age of fish per river, and there was no difference in growth rates between their indigenous and nonindigenous ranges. A range of abiotic data were collated and analysed against the growth data; these analyses suggested higher mean growth rates were evident in rivers of higher biological water quality (expressed as British Monitoring Working Party Score) and higher mean air temperatures (used as a surrogate of water temperature). That growth of B. barbus was significantly and positively enhanced by increased biological water quality was in contrast to cyprinid fishes such as roach Rutilus rutilus and suggests that as river water quality continues to improve through reduced nutrient inputs, further ecological changes are likely in riverine fish communities.
A Subset of Human Uterine Endometrial Macrophages is Alternatively Activated
Authors: Jensen Amy L. , Collins Jane , Shipman Emilie P. , Wira Charles R. , Guyre Paul M. , Pioli Patricia A. 
Published: August 2012

ProblemHuman uterine macrophages must maintain an environment hospitable to implantation and pregnancy and simultaneously provide protection against pathogens. Although macrophages comprise a significant portion of leukocytes within the uterine endometrium, the activation profile and functional response of these cells to endotoxin are unknown.Method of StudyFlow cytometric analysis of surface receptors and intracellular markers expressed by macrophages isolated from human endometria was performed. Uterine macrophages were stimulated with LPS. Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors expressed by these cells were analyzed using Bio‐Plex analysis.ResultsCD163high human endometrial macrophages constitutively secrete both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines as well as pro‐angiogenic factors and secretion of these factors is LPS‐inducible.ConclusionA major population of human uterine macrophages is alternatively activated. These cells secrete factors in response to LPS that are involved in the activation of immune responses and tissue homeostasis.
Dental trauma in patients with single mandibular fractures
Authors: Zhou Hai‐Hua , Ongodia David , Liu Qi , Yang Rong‐Tao , Li Zu‐Bing 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurposeThe purposes of this study were to investigate the occurrence and patterns of dental trauma in patients with single mandibular fracture and to evaluate the relationships between dental injury and fracture site of mandible.Materials and MethodsFrom January 2000 to December 2009, 869 patients with mandibular fractures were registered. Only the patients with single mandibular fracture were included. The information and data collected included age, gender, mechanism of injury, type of mandibular fracture, and type of dental injury.ResultsSingle mandibular fractures were sustained in 294 (33.8%) patients. Of these, 43.5% (128 patients) presented with associated dental injuries (509 injured teeth). The patients' male/female ratio was 2.46:1 (91 males and 37 females). Patients in 30–39 year age group possessed the highest risk of suffering dental trauma (odds ratio = 2.004, P = 0.014). Road traffic accidents were the most common mechanism of injury (54, 42.2%). Lower‐anterior teeth were more often injured in patients with symphysis fracture (P < 0.001), and patients with condylar fracture more frequently sustained upper‐posterior teeth injury (P < 0.001). Lower‐posterior teeth injury was mostly found in patients with mandibular body fracture (P < 0.001) or angle fracture (P < 0.001). Dental injuries were more prone to occur in patients who sustained only symphysis fractures (odds ratio = 3.283, P < 0.001), and the risk was only 0.193‐fold in patients who sustained only mandible angle fractures (odds ratio = 0.193, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe occurrence and type of dental injury were significantly related to the fracture site of mandible.
A multiparametric assay to compare the cytotoxicity of soy milk with different storage media
Authors: Silva Emmanuel J. N. L. , Rollemberg Carolina B. , de Souza Coutinho‐Filho Tauby , Zaia Alexandre A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground/AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of soy milk compared with several other storage media [coconut water, Hank′s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) and whole milk], assessed through a multiparametric analysis employing 3T3 cells.Materials and methodsPlates containing confluent 3T3 fibroblasts were exposed to the various media for 24 h, at 37°C with 5% CO2, and cell viability was evaluated by a multiparametric assay assessing sequentially, on the same cells, mitochondrial activity (XTT), membrane integrity (neutral red test) and total cell density (crystal violet dye exclusion test). Results from each test were compared by two‐way analysis of variance (anova).ResultsStatistical analysis showed that whole milk, HBSS and soy milk were the most effective media in maintaining cell viability at all tested times (P < 0.05). The least amount of viable cells was observed when using coconut water.ConclusionsThis study shows that the efficacy of soy milk in maintaining the viability of 3T3 fibroblasts is similar to that of HBSS and milk, as shown by three different cell viability tests.