bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Variations in <i>Calligonum comosum</i>L`Her (Polygonaceae) Grown in Al-Nefud Desert in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Taia W. K. , Moussa S. A. I. 
Published: May 2011

Vegetative community structures and phenotypic variations within Calligonum comosum L`Her individuals grown in two different locations in Al-Nefud desert in Saudi Arabia; Nefud Al-Shakika and Al-Dahnaa, have been studied. Eleven species have been recorded in both areas; five of them were present in both locations. Ephedra elata and Convolvulus lanatus were recorded in Nefud Al-Shakika only. While Heliotropium bacciferum, Cleome arabica, Dodonaea viscosa and Erodium gleurocophyllum were found in Al-Dahnaa only. The importance values of the species recorded have been calculated and cluster analyses of the studied quadrates have been made using TWINSPAN method. Vegetative morphological characters showed great variations within C. comosum collected from the two locations. Floral morphological characters are more stable, except the fruit colour and hair which was different in the C. comosum plants grown in the two locations. Epidermal stem secretions as well as mineral contents varied in response to change in locations. ANOVA test have been carried out to evaluate the differences between the two areas. The variations in these characters are discussed according to the difference in climates, soil characters and water availability. Keywords: Phenotypic variation; Vegetative morphology; Fruit morphology; Pollen grains; Mineral contents; Al-Nefud- Al-Dahnaa. © 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7010 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 421-435 (2011)
Effects of Process Parameters on Ferrite Grain Size of Commercially Pure Iron
Authors: Islam M. A. , Sato N. , Tomota Y. 
Published: May 2011

Besides the tremendous development of various materials, e.g. polymeric, ceramic, composites materials, etc. ferrous material is still the most important engineering material because of its many favorable properties. For ferrous alloys, grain size is very important as it directly influences the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the alloys. In this study the effects of various process parameters such as annealing temperature, holding time period during annealing and phosphorus (P) additions (0.11% and 0.21%) have been investigated. After annealing heat treatments at different temperatures for various time periods, the alloys were etched in nital to reveal the ferrite grain sizes and they were then observed in the optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental results revealed that annealing temperatures were more dominating over annealing time periods to control ferrite grain sizes and that after 0.11% P, more addition of phosphorus (e.g. 0.21%) was not found to influence ferrite grain sizes significantly under any annealing condition practiced in this study.Keywords: Pure iron; Fe-phosphorus alloys; Annealing; Ferrite grain; Grain refinement.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7012 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 311-319 (2011)
Study on Isolation and Identification of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Different Poultry Feeds of Savar Region of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury A. , Iqbal A. , Uddin M. G. , Uddin M. 
Published: May 2011

The study was conducted aiming at the isolation and identification of Salmonella and Escherichia coli (E. coli) from different brands of poultry feeds sold in Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Seven different poultry feeds were subjected to microbiological analysis. All these samples were analyzed by culturing in different media such as nutrient broth (NB), nutrient Agar (NA), SS Agar (Salmonella-Shigella Agar), BGA (brilliant-green Agar), Mac Conkey, DHL and EMB (eosin methylene blue) media. Total bacterial colonies of all the samples were counted separately on the nutrient Agar media. Hence, bacteria were counted as 9.5×105 in the feed sample C (Layer) which was found to be the highest in number among the poultry feeds. Total viable count (TVC) of Salmonella and E. coli in the feed samples were as 0 to 6.75×104 and 0 to 3.05×104 respectively. Both organisms were found in 71.43% and 57.14% of the analyzed feed samples, respectively. The highest number of Salmonella was found in sample C (Layer) feeds and that of E. coli was found in sample B (Grower) feeds. The widespread occurrence of Salmonella and E. coli in poultry feeds reinforces the need for effective control measures, hygiene in processing and handling of feeds. Keywords: Salmonella; Escherichia coli; Poultry feeds; Total viable count; Contamination; Hygiene. © 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7128 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 403-411 (2011)
Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography in Bromeliaceae: Insights from an eight‐locus plastid phylogeny
Authors: Givnish Thomas J. , Barfuss Michael H. J. , Van Ee Benjamin , Riina Ricarda , Schulte Katharina , Horres Ralf , Gonsiska Philip A. , Jabaily Rachel S. , Crayn Darren M. , Smith J. Andrew C. , Winter Klaus , Brown Gregory K. , Evans Timothy M. , Holst Bruce K. , Luther Harry , Till Walter , Zizka Georg , Berry Paul E. , Sytsma Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2011

•Premise: Bromeliaceae form a large, ecologically diverse family of angiosperms native to the New World. We use a bromeliad phylogeny based on eight plastid regions to analyze relationships within the family, test a new, eight‐subfamily classification, infer the chronology of bromeliad evolution and invasion of different regions, and provide the basis for future analyses of trait evolution and rates of diversification.•Methods: We employed maximum‐parsimony, maximum‐likelihood, and Bayesian approaches to analyze 9341 aligned bases for four outgroups and 90 bromeliad species representing 46 of 58 described genera. We calibrate the resulting phylogeny against time using penalized likelihood applied to a monocot‐wide tree based on plastidndhFsequences and use it to analyze patterns of geographic spread using parsimony, Bayesian inference, and the program S‐DIVA.•Results: Bromeliad subfamilies are related to each other as follows: (Brocchinioideae, (Lindmanioideae, (Tillandsioideae, (Hechtioideae, (Navioideae, (Pitcairnioideae, (Puyoideae, Bromelioideae))))))). Bromeliads arose in the Guayana Shield ca. 100 million years ago (Ma), spread centrifugally in the New World beginning ca. 16–13 Ma, and dispersed to West Africa ca. 9.3 Ma. Modern lineages began to diverge from each other roughly 19 Ma.•Conclusions: Nearly two‐thirds of extant bromeliads belong to two large radiations: the core tillandsioids, originating in the Andes ca. 14.2 Ma, and the Brazilian Shield bromelioids, originating in the Serro do Mar and adjacent regions ca. 9.1 Ma.
Influence of fire on a rare serpentine plant assemblage: A 5‐year study of Darlingtonia fens
Authors: Jules Erik S. , Ellison Aaron M. , Gotelli Nicholas J. , Lillie Sheilah , Meindl George A. , Sanders Nathan J. , Young Alison N. 
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the study: Serpentine soils have attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists for decades because of their high number of rare and endemic taxa, though less is known about the ecological factors that govern the diversity and composition of serpentine communities. Theory suggests that vegetation on these low‐productivity soils will be relatively resilient to fire, the most common natural disturbance in serpentine systems.• Methods: We studied the recovery of vegetation in Darlingtonia fens, a unique habitat dominated by herbaceous perennials, from a major fire that burned ∼202,000 ha in California and Oregon's Klamath Mountains in 2002. We established permanent plots in eight unburned and eight burned fens in 2003 and recorded percent cover of vascular plant species. We re‐sampled plots each year through 2007.• Key results: Burned fens had less plant cover than unburned fens for 2 yr after the fire. Average species density was ∼10% lower in burned fens 1 yr after the fire but ∼4–8% higher for the next 4 yr. Burned fens exhibited greater evenness but not until 4 yr after the fire. Differences in community composition were detected between the two fen types, but species ranks were similar, and species neither were added to nor removed from the burned assemblages.• Conclusions: Burning of Darlingtonia fens has detectable, albeit modest, effects on serpentine communities. Because fens have little or no canopy cover, fire has little influence on light availability in this system. This relatively small resource change, combined with high soil moisture and well‐developed underground organs of fen plants, produces a highly resilient assemblage.
Complex implications around a simple trait: ecological context determines the fecundity effects of corolla marcescence
Authors: Herrera Carlos M. 
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the Study: Post‐anthesis functionality of persistent perianth parts has rarely been investigated, but available evidence suggests that perianth persistence may not always have an adaptive value. Given the high occurrence of the trait, that it may sometimes be maladaptive is an intriguing possibility and deserves exploration. This paper tests the hypothesis that the fitness value of corolla persistence after anthesis depends on ecological context, specifically the abundance of fruit predators and pollinators.• Methods: The study was conducted on Narcissus longispathus, a species in which corolla marcescence is apparently maladaptive because withered corollas provide a shelter for fruit‐predatory lepidopteran larvae. By experimentally manipulating corolla persistence, presence of fruit predators, and pollination, I tested whether variation in ecological scenario led to concomitant variation in the sign and magnitude of the effects of corolla marcescence on fecundity.• Key Results: Persistent corollas were detrimental to fecundity when plants were exposed to larvae, but not when larvae were excluded. Pollination and herbivory had nonadditive effects on the fecundity consequences of corolla marcescence, the strongest detrimental effects of corolla persistence occurring for the “exposed to larvae + supplementary pollination” treatment combination.• Conclusions: The hypothesis that ecological context is a major determinant of the fitness value of corolla marcescence was supported. In N. longispathus, corolla marcescence will be a maladaptive trait in situations in which pollinators and fruit predators are simultaneously abundant, but will be a neutral character in the absence of fruit predators, irrespective of pollinator service.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in an endangered palm, Johannesteijsmannia lanceolata (Arecaceae)
Authors: Ang Cheng Choon , Lee Soon Leong , Lee Chai Ting , Tnah Lee Hong , Zakaria Rozainah Mohamad , Ng Ching Ching 
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for Johannesteijsmannia lanceolata to assess the genetic diversity and mating system of this alarmingly endangered species.• Methods and Results: A total of 31 polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for J. lanceolata using the enrichment protocol. These markers were screened on 24 samples from a natural population. The number of alleles ranged from four to 20, while the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.391 to 1.000. The 31 loci were further tested for transferability on J. altifrons, J. magnifica, and J. perakensis. Generally, all loci showed positive amplifications in these three Johannesteijsmannia species, except Jla124 (J. magnifica) and Jla168b (J. magnifica and J. perakensis).• Conclusions: These microsatellite markers could be employed to study the population genetics and mating system of J. lanceolata and other Johannesteijsmannia species.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Size and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 in HIV-Infected Patients Switching to Abacavir or Tenofovir
Authors:   the Bicombo-met Substudy Team, Saumoy Maria , Ordoñez-Llanos Jordi , Martínez Esteban , Barragán Patricia , Ribera Esteban , Bonet Rosa , Knobel Hernando , Negredo Eugenia , Loncá Montserrat , Curran Adrian , Gatell Josep Maria , Podzamczer Daniel 
Published: May 2011

Background The aim of this study was to assess changes in the size and cholesterol content of low-density lipo-proteins (LDL) and changes in lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity in HIV-infected patients switching to tenofovir + emtricitabine (TDF+FTC) or abacavir + lamivudine (ABC+3TC). Methods This was a substudy of a multicentre randomized trial comparing TDF+FTC with ABC+3TC-based regimens in patients with virological suppression. Fasting lipids and apolipoproteins (apo), LDL size and cholesterol content and Lp-PLA2 activity were measured at baseline and at week 48. Results A total of 62 patients, naive for the compared drugs, were included. At baseline, groups were comparable except for total Lp-PLA2 activity ( P=0.047) and for a tendency towards the use of a major baseline thymidine analogue in the TDF+FTC arm (25 versus 18 patients; P=0.054). In the ABC+3TC arm a significant increase in total cholesterol (0.64 mmol/l; P=0.003), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c, 0.13 mmol/l; P=0.031), triglycerides (0.39 mmol/l; P=0.036), apo A-I (0.12 g/l; P=0.006), apo B (0.16 g/l; P=0.015) and non-HDL-c (0.50 mmol/l; P=0.009) concentrations was observed at week 48 compared with the TDF+FTC treatment arm. In addition, an increase in the cholesterol content of small, dense LDL subfractions (0.48 mmol/l; P=0.003) and a decrease in LDL size (-2.6 nm; P=0.011) was observed in the ABC arm without changes in the TDF patients. Total PLA2, LDL-PLA2 and HDL-PLA2 activity decreased in the TDF arm, but multivariate analysis showed baseline PLA2 values and previous use of thymidine analogues as the factors associated with these changes. Estimated cardiovascular risk did not change in either arm. Conclusions A more atherogenic LDL profile, including a decrease in LDL size, was found in the ABC group and not in TDF patients.
La création adolescente
Authors: Morhain Yves , Morhain Émilie 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le travail de création est au centre même de l’opération adolescente, marquée par la rencontre avec l’autre sexe, la confrontation aux limites et au malaise narcissique, mais aussi aux désillusions qui résultent des promesses et des espoirs infantiles. Ce profond bouleversement ouvre la voie à l’acte créatif voire à la création. Émergence d’originalité, expression intense, quête d’idéal, découverte de systèmes de pensée, production d’objets culturels nouveaux, souci de mise en scène, sont des traits caractéristiques de la création artistique qui se retrouvent dans le processus de création de soi qu’est l’adolescence. L’acte de création renverrait-il au processus d’adolescence en tant que paradigme de la crise créative ? Est-il spécifique du passage adolescent pour y traduire les inquiétudes et les déchirements de cette période de la vie ? Ou bien, n’est-ce pas l’adolescence que ce vouloir créer pour devenir soi-même, à travers un mélange de volonté destructrice et de désir créateur ?
L'idéal en quête d'identité
Authors: Schwering Karl-Leo 
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’article montre comment une « idéalisation du quotidien » est nécessaire à l’enrichissement de la vie psychique, pour autant qu’elle corresponde à une oscillation entre des mouvements d’idéalisation et de désidéalisation de l’objet. Lorsque cette oscillation s’interrompt, elle peut occasionner une évolution pathologique dont l’identification hystérique et l’identification phobique fournissent des exemples. On constate dans ces cas une insuffisante différenciation entre les trois instances que sont le Moi-idéal, l’Idéal du Moi et le Surmoi. Cette indifférenciation s’accompagne d’une idéalisation excessive, appauvrissant le sujet au profit de l’objet. Un mouvement de désidéalisation s’avère dès lors nécessaire, dont l’idéalisation négative fournit le préalable. Une identification introjective peut alors advenir, qui ne peut s’avérer résolutive qu’à la condition d’une clarification des liens entre les trois instances. En particulier l’émergence d’un Idéal du Moi en projet, tourné vers l’avenir, et comme tel différencié d’un Surmoi enclin à se fixer sur le passé.
Th17 Cells Induce Colitis and Promote Th1 Cell Responses through IL-17 Induction of Innate IL-12 and IL-23 Production
Authors: Feng Ting , Qin Hongwei , Wang Lanfang , Benveniste Etty N. , Elson Charles O. , Cong Yingzi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Both Th1 and Th17 cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and experimental colitis. However, the complex relationship between Th1 and Th17 cells and their relative contributions to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease have not been completely analyzed. Although it has been recently shown that Th17 cells can convert into Th1 cells, the underlying in vivo mechanisms and the role of Th1 cells converted from Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of colitis are still largely unknown. In this study, we report that Th17 cells from CBir1 TCR transgenic mice, which are specific for an immunodominant microbiota Ag, are more potent than Th1 cells in the induction of colitis, as Th17 cells induced severe colitis, whereas Th1 cells induced mild colitis when transferred into TCRβxδ−/− mice. High levels of IL-12 and IL-23 and substantial numbers of IFN-γ+ Th1 cells emerged in the colons of Th17 cell recipients. Administration of anti–IL-17 mAb abrogated Th17 cell-induced colitis development, blocked colonic IL-12 and IL-23 production, and inhibited IFN-γ+ Th1 cell induction. IL-17 promoted dendritic cell production of IL-12 and IL-23. Furthermore, conditioned media from colonic tissues of colitic Th17 cell recipients induced IFN-γ production by Th17 cells, which was inhibited by blockade of IL-12 and IL-23. Collectively, these data indicate that Th17 cells convert to Th1 cells through IL-17 induction of mucosal innate IL-12 and IL-23 production.
Upregulation of IL-21 Receptor on B Cells and IL-21 Secretion Distinguishes Novel 2009 H1N1 Vaccine Responders from Nonresponders among HIV-Infected Persons on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Pallikkuth Suresh , Pilakka Kanthikeel Sudheesh , Silva Sandra Y. , Fischl Margaret , Pahwa Rajendra , Pahwa Savita 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Mechanisms underlying failure of novel 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine-induced Ab responses in HIV-infected persons are poorly understood. This study prospectively evaluated 16 HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy and eight healthy controls (HC) who received a single 15 μg dose of nonadjuvanted novel 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine during the 2009 H1N1 epidemic. Peripheral blood was collected at baseline (T0) and at 7 d (T1) and 28 d (T2) postvaccination for evaluation of immune responses. Prevaccination hemagglutination inhibition Ab titer was &lt;1:20 in all except one study participant. At T2, all HC and 8 out of 16 patients (50%) developed a vaccine-induced Ab titer of ≥1:40. Vaccine responder (R) and vaccine nonresponder patients were comparable at T0 in age, CD4 counts, virus load, and B cell immunophenotypic characteristics. At T2, HC and R patients developed an expansion of phenotypic and functional memory B cells and ex vivo H1N1-stimulated IgG Ab-secreting cells in an ELISPOT assay. The memory B cell response was preceded by a significant expansion of plasmablasts and spontaneous H1N1-specific Ab-secreting cells at T1. At T2, HC and R patients also exhibited significant increases in serum IL-21 levels and in the frequency and mean fluorescence intensity of IL-21R–expressing B cells, which correlated with serum H1N1 Ab titers. Vaccine nonresponder patients failed to develop the above-described vaccine-induced immunologic responses. The novel association of novel 2009 H1N1 vaccine-induced Ab responses with IL-21/IL-21R upregulation and with development of memory B cells and plasmablasts has implications for future research in vaccine design.
Executive Dysfunction and Depressive Symptoms Associated With Reduced Participation of People With Severe Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Foster Erin R. , Cunnane Kathleen B. , Edwards Dorothy F. , Morrison M. Tracy , Ewald Gregory A. , Geltman Edward M. , Zazulia Allyson R. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We investigated participation levels and relationships among cognition, depression, and participation for people with severe congestive heart failure (CHF).
METHOD. People with severe CHF (New York Heart Association Class III or IV) awaiting heart transplantation (N = 27) completed standardized tests of cognition and self-report measures of executive dysfunction, depressive symptoms, and participation.
RESULTS. Possible depression (64%) and cognitive impairment (15%–59%) were prevalent. Participants reported significant reductions in participation across all activity domains since CHF diagnosis (ps &lt; .001). Worse executive dysfunction and depressive symptoms were associated with reduced participation and together accounted for 35%–46% of the variance in participation (ps &lt; .01).
CONCLUSION. Participation restrictions associated with CHF are not limited to physically demanding activities and are significantly associated with executive dysfunction and depression. Cardiac rehabilitation should address cognitive and psychological functioning in the context of all life situations instead of focusing solely on physical function and disability.
Allergic rhinitis is associated with decreased expression of Toll‐like receptor 9 by sinonasal epithelial cells
Authors: Melvin Thuy‐Anh N. , Nguyen Mai‐Tien , Lane Andrew P. , Lin Sandra Y. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundToll‐like receptors (TLRs) are important in sinonasal mucosal innate immunity. Previous studies demonstrate that sinonasal epithelial cell (SNEC) TLR9 expression is reduced in T‐helper 2 (Th2) cytokine‐predominant chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps, and with the in vitro application of Th2 cytokines. To further investigate in vivo modulation of TLR9 by the local cytokine environment, this study examines TLR9 expression in freshly isolated SNECs from subjects with and without active allergic rhinitis (AR).MethodsSNECs were gathered via endoscopic‐guided middle meatal brushings from 9 AR subjects who were skin‐prick test (SPT)‐positive to environmental allergens in season at the time of study, and 8 controls. Flow cytometry was utilized to compare SNEC TLR9 expression in the 2 groups.ResultsTLR9 expression by SNEC in the AR group was significantly reduced compared to normals (35% ± 26% vs 76% ± 10%, p = 0.002).ConclusionSimilar to observations in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis, this study shows that active AR is associated with decreased SNEC TLR9 expression. These findings are consistent with the concept that Th2 cytokines suppress expression of TLR9 and other innate immune genes. Multiple endogenous and microbial factors likely modulate sinonasal innate immunity to maintain homeostasis and prevent infection in AR. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.