bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to independence and predator–prey relationships of wild‐born, captive‐raised cheetahs released into private reserves in Namibia
Authors: Marker L. , Schmidt‐Küntzel A. , Walker E. H. , Nghikembua M. , Cristescu B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Reintroduction programmes are an important tool for the conservation of threatened and endangered carnivores, but their effectiveness has rarely been assessed when wild‐born, captive‐raised orphans are released.

We monitored and evaluated the success of captive‐raised orphaned cheetahs (n = 25) that were rehabilitated and released into the wild as adults across three private reserves in Namibia. We estimated time to independence, hunting success and prey composition, and for one reserve we derived prey preference and hunting habitat use.

Seventeen cheetahs achieved independence (68%) whereas eight were returned to captivity. With one exception, solitary or coalition cheetahs made their first kill 6 ± 2 days post‐release. Hunting success was on average 56%, with solitary females having the highest success. We documented 13 species of wild prey killed by rehabilitated cheetahs, primarily ungulates (n = 170). Steenbok (Raphicerus campestris) were the preferred prey, although avoided by artificially formed female cheetah coalitions, which primarily killed juvenile eland (Tragelaphus oryx). Cheetahs used a wide range of vegetation for hunting, although coalition males appeared to use somewhat denser areas.

Rehabilitated wild‐born captive‐reared cheetahs can be successfully released if prey availability and human‐wildlife conflict potential are considered, and food supplementation and intensive monitoring are undertaken.
NIR‐Responsive Multifunctional Artificial Skin for Regenerative Wound Healing
Authors: Hong Yiyue , Wang Mengyang , Hu Daorun , Wang Yujia , Ji Shuaifei , Xiang Jiangbing , Zhang Hongliang , Chen Huating , Li Yan , Xiong Mingchen , Pi Wei , Wang Qianyi , Yang Xinling , Li Yingying , Shui Chaochen , Wang Xiaolei , Fu Xiaobing , Sun Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEfficient wound repair with skin appendage regeneration following severe trauma poses a challenge due to the scarcity of skin grafts and decreased drug effectiveness in protease‐rich wound microenvironments. Here, a multifunctional artificial skin (NIR‐mFAS) with photothermal‐triggered drug delivery capabilities is designed to actively and comprehensively improve the regenerative potential of full‐thickness wounds. The antibacterial chitosan/silk fibroin hydrogel matrix of artificial skin, cross‐linked by electrostatic interactions, effectively encapsulates and sustains the release of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to accelerate re‐epithelialization and neovascularization by promoting the migration and proliferation of repair cells. Subsequently, the photothermal responsive polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA‐NPs) dispersed in the matrix enable precise control over the release of BMP4 under the irradiation of 1064 nm NIR, thereby inhibiting scarring by reducing myofibroblasts during the proliferative stage. Importantly, the concurrent controlled release of CHIR99021 can modulate cell fate by inducing the conversion of myofibroblasts into dermal papilla‐like cells, leading to hair follicle and sebaceous gland regeneration. The NIR‐mFAS functions as an advanced delivery system for achieving high‐quality wound healing with appendage regeneration and offers a smart therapeutic approach that can be applied to other treatments requiring coordinated delivery of multiple pharmacological agents.
Imaging‐Based Efficacy Evaluation of Cancer Immunotherapy in Engineered Tumor Platforms and Tumor Organoids
Authors: Kim Seong‐Eun , Yun Suji , Doh Junsang , Kim Hong Nam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCancer immunotherapy is used to treat tumors by modulating the immune system. Although the anticancer efficacy of cancer immunotherapy has been evaluated prior to clinical trials, conventional in vivo animal and endpoint models inadequately replicate the intricate process of tumor elimination and reflect human‐specific immune systems. Therefore, more sophisticated models that mimic the complex tumor‐immune microenvironment must be employed to assess the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Additionally, using real‐time imaging technology, a step‐by‐step evaluation can be applied, allowing for a more precise assessment of treatment efficacy. Here, an overview of the various imaging‐based evaluation platforms recently developed for cancer immunotherapeutic applications is presented. Specifically, a fundamental technique is discussed for stably observing immune cell‐based tumor cell killing using direct imaging, a microwell that reproduces a confined space for spatial observation, a droplet assay that facilitates cell–cell interactions, and a 3D microphysiological system that reconstructs the vascular environment. Furthermore, it is suggested that future evaluation platforms pursue more human‐like immune systems.
The Application of Supervised Learning Algorithms in Predicting the Formation Energy of NLO Crystals
Authors: Wang Ai , Yin Yaohui , Sun Zhixin , Jin Guangyong , Xin Chao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNonlinear optical crystals (NLO) are a key class of functional materials in the field of laser technology due to their excellent frequency conversion effects and physical–chemical stability. The research aims to find NLO crystals with superior stability by predicting their formation energy. In this study, only compositional information is utilized as input features and models are constructed using regression algorithms such as Random Forest Regression (RFR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR). Notably, the GBR model exhibited outstanding predictive performance, with an R2 value of 0.935 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.248 eV per atom. Additionally, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis is employed to elucidate the fundamental principles behind the predictions by assessing the contribution of each feature to the formation energy. To validate the reliability of the models, first‐principles calculations are conducted to predict the formation energy of materials of GaP, ZnGeP2, and CdSiP2. The error range between the model predictions and the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) calculated values is ≈0.1 eV per atom, confirming the accuracy of the models.
Understanding the Full Zoo of Perovskite Solar Cell Impedance Spectra with the Standard Drift‐Diffusion Model
Authors: Clarke Will , Richardson Giles , Cameron Petra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe impedance spectra of perovskite solar cells frequently exhibit multiple features that are typically modelled by complex equivalent circuits. This approach can lead to the inclusion of circuit elements without a sensible physical interpretation and create confusion where different circuits are adopted to describe similar cells. Spectra showing two distinct features have already been well explained by a drift‐diffusion model incorporating a single mobile ionic species but spectra with three features have yet to receive the same treatment and have even been dismissed as anomalous. This omission is rectified here by showing that a third (mid‐frequency) impedance feature is a natural consequence of the drift‐diffusion model in certain scenarios. Our comprehensive framework explains the shapes of all previously published spectra, which are classified into six generic types, each named for an animal resembling the Nyquist plot, and approximate solutions to the drift‐diffusion equations are obtained in order to illustrate the specific conditions required for each of these types of spectra to be observed. Importantly, it is shown that the shape of each Nyquist plot can be linked to specific processes occurring within a cell, allowing useful information to be extracted by a visual examination of the impedance spectra.
A Novel Benchmarking Approach to Assess Fire Safety of Liquid Electrolytes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Xiao Junchen , Tang Wei , He Yi , Tan Peng , Haranczyk Maciej , Wang De‐Yi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEstablishing authoritative electrolyte safety assessment methods at laboratory levels is crucial for addressing conflicts from thermal runaway of lithium‐ion batteries. However, self‐extinguishing time (SET), as the most widely used evaluation method now, lacks benchmarks and heavily relies on the specific implementation of test procedures. This work systematically summarizes and investigates key test parameters. Based on repeatability and reliability, burning a glassfiber separator (Φ16 mm) with absorption of 0.1 g liquid electrolyte (LE) can be proposed as a unified method. The concept of self‐extinguishing efficiency (SEE) is further proposed with a new evaluation criterion of i) SEE≤70, Flammable; ii) 70<SEE<90, Flame Retarded; iii) 90≤SEE≤100, Nonflammable. The feasibility of the new protocol is verified by employment in evaluating the effects of 15 representative flame retardants (FRs) on combustion behaviors of LEs. Meanwhile, the underlying flame retardancy mechanism is revealed, indicating that preceding or simultaneous vaporization and pyrolysis of FRs in conjunction with the decomposition of LE promote mitigating electrolyte fire risk. In addition, machine learning is employed to aid in analyzing the significance of various features on SEE, providing further validation of the proposed mechanism. This work provides a benchmark for the safety evaluation of LEs, facilitating the advancement of fire‐safe batteries.
Long‐term (29‐year) spatiotemporal patterns of sea turtle deaths in the southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Guzmán‐Hernández Vicente , Rivas‐Hernández Gerardo A. , García‐Alvarado Pedro A. , Huerta‐Rodríguez Patricia , Peralta‐Jiménez Xochitlquetzal , Cuevas Eduardo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sea turtles are key imperilled species that interact with numerous threats in their critical in‐water and inland habitats, which they occupy along their complex life cycle. Therefore, analysing these interactions is essential for adapting ongoing conservation and management actions.
The long‐term recording of stranded sea turtle individuals and the potential causes of death in their breeding habitats is crucial for defining and adapting conservation actions.
Twenty‐nine years of sea turtle stranding and mortality data (1992–2019) at nesting beaches in Campeche, Mexico, were analysed to describe their spatiotemporal patterns per species and possible causes of death.
The most impacted species was the hawksbill turtle, followed by green and Kemp's ridley individuals. The most frequent probable causes of death in this region were bycatch, seismic surveys, vehicle strikes and slaughter at nesting beaches. Both immature and breeding individuals were stranded, mostly the former, and the most frequent months were in the summer (June–August).
This study establishes a historic reference baseline for the spatiotemporal mortality patterns of imperilled sea turtle species in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. It shows their interactions with anthropogenic activities and the circumstances jeopardizing their population recovery. It also points out management and conservation actions to implement to improve their long‐term viability in the context of the operationalization of their key attributes and interactions with their seascapes.
How the Sima de los Huesos was won
Authors: Arsuaga Juan‐Luis , Martínez Ignacio , Gracia‐Téllez Ana , Carretero José‐Miguel , Esquivel Alfonso , García Nuria , Lorenzo Carlos , Quam Rolf , Aramburu Arantza , Sala Nohemi , Trueba Javier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough the first discovery of a human fossil in the Sima de los Huesos took place in 1976, systematic excavations did not begin there until 1984. Since then, this site has been continuously excavated in month‐long camps. The site is dated by different radiometric techniques to between 430,000 and 300,000 years ago. Until the 2023 campaign, just over 7000 human fossils have been recovered, constituting the largest collection of fossils prior to Homo sapiens ever discovered. The fossils correspond to a minimum of 29 individuals of both sexes and different ages at death, from preadolescents to a specimen of advanced age. Comparative anatomy and ancient DNA studies both suggest that this is a population closely related to Homo neanderthalensis. The great variety and extraordinary quality of the fossils recovered have allowed us to carry out a series of investigations that have greatly increased our knowledge about the evolution of Homo in the Middle Pleistocene. Among the most important discoveries, it has been possible to establish body size and proportions, the confirmation that the origin of the accumulation of human fossils was of an anthropic nature, that those past humans took care of disabled individuals and who were capable of having an oral language almost as complex and efficient as that of our own species.
Bringing Global Ecological Research to Undergraduate Students Through Citizen Science
Authors: Vance‐Chalcraft Heather D. , Gates Terry A. , Hurlbert Allen H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResearch integrated into higher education curricula has been shown by numerous studies to be beneficial to undergraduate students. Citizen science provides an alternative to research performed in a lab and is gaining traction as a good choice for integration into classes. The Undergraduate Student Experiences in Citizen Science (USE Cit Sci) research collaboration network is working to help more instructors in higher education adopt citizen science as part of their curriculum by providing training and educational materials. To date, the Network has identified areas of critical need for citizen science to be more readily used in higher education courses and created a clearinghouse of lessons for faculty to use freely. Forthcoming products of the USE Cit Sci network include direct partnerships between educators and citizen science projects in addition to a peer mentoring program. Given the preponderance of ecology citizen science projects available, bringing this educational opportunity to students opens new avenues of pedagogical experiences.
Developing a single‐session outcome measure using natural language processing on digital mental health transcripts
Authors: Milligan Gregor , Bernard Aynsley , Dowthwaite Liz , Vallejos Elvira Perez , Davis Jamie , Salhi Louisa , Goulding James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrent outcome measures in digital mental health lack granularity, especially for single‐session interventions. This study aimed to address this by utilising natural language processing (NLP) methods to create a clear and relevant outcome measure. This paper describes the development of the Adult Session Wants and Needs Outcome Measure (Adult SWAN‐OM), a novel outcome measure for the Qwell digital mental healthcare platform to understand service user (SU) needs engaging in single‐session therapy (SST).MethodsThe research employs a multi‐phased approach combining NLP methods with the typical stages of outcome measures development as follows: (1) assumption definition and validation with SUs and clinicians; (2) transcript theme extraction using the RoBERTa large language model (LLM) in conjunction with topic modelling to extract themes from 254 single‐session transcripts from 192 SUs; (3) clinical item refinement focus group; (4) content validity with clinicians and SUs to improve the relevance and clarity of the items; and (5) outcome measure finalisation in a workshop held with clinicians to consolidate the final wording.ResultsNinety‐six potential wants and needs were generated and distilled into 12 measure items. The outcome measure was shown to be relevant and clear to both SUs and clinicians when used in the context of SST.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential of combining NLP approaches with co‐creation methods in single‐session outcome measure development. We argue that the incorporation of clinical expertise and SU experience ensures the clarity and applicability of such measures and that this approach to capturing single‐session wants and needs promises novel insights for supporting digital mental health interventions.
Face attribute translation with multiple feature perceptual reconstruction assisted by style translator
Authors: Zhu Shuqi , Liang Jiuzhen , Liu Hao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImproving the accuracy and disentanglement of attribute translation, and maintaining the consistency of face identity have been hot topics in face attribute translation. Recent approaches employ attention mechanisms to enable attribute translation in facial images. However, due to the lack of accuracy in the extraction of style code, the attention mechanism alone is not precise enough for the translation of attributes. To tackle this, we introduce a style translator module, which partitions the style code into attribute‐related and unrelated components, enhancing latent space disentanglement for more accurate attribute manipulation. Additionally, many current methods use per‐pixel loss functions to preserve face identity. However, this can sacrifice crucial high‐level features and textures in the target image. To address this limitation, we propose a multiple‐perceptual reconstruction loss to better maintain image fidelity. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments in this article demonstrate significant improvements over state‐of‐the‐art methods, validating the effectiveness of our approach.
Biological role of mitochondrial TLR4‐mediated NF‐κB signaling pathway in central nervous system injury
Authors: Wu Zhuochao , Song Ying , Wang Ying , Zhou Hua , Chen Lingling , Zhan Yunyun , Li Ting , Xie Guomin , Wu Hao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious studies suggested that central nervous system injury is often accompanied by the activation of Toll‐like receptor 4/NF‐κB pathway, which leads to the upregulation of proapoptotic gene expression, causes mitochondrial oxidative stress, and further aggravates the inflammatory response to induce cell apoptosis. Subsequent studies have shown that NF‐κB and IκBα can directly act on mitochondria. Therefore, elucidation of the specific mechanisms of NF‐κB and IκBα in mitochondria may help to discover new therapeutic targets for central nervous system injury. Recent studies have suggested that NF‐κB (especially RelA) in mitochondria can inhibit mitochondrial respiration or DNA expression, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. IκBα silencing will cause reactive oxygen species storm and initiate the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Other research results suggest that RelA can regulate mitochondrial respiration and energy metabolism balance by interacting with p53 and STAT3, thus initiating the mitochondrial protection mechanism. IκBα can also inhibit apoptosis in mitochondria by interacting with VDAC1 and other molecules. Regulating the biological role of NF‐κB signaling pathway in mitochondria by targeting key proteins such as p53, STAT3, and VDAC1 may help maintain the balance of mitochondrial respiration and energy metabolism, thereby protecting nerve cells and reducing inflammatory storms and death caused by ischemia and hypoxia.
Généralisation de l'usage du Big Data en finance de marché, entre mythes et réalités: Une approche par le travail institutionnel
Authors: Liottier Miguel , Delecolle Thierry , Moriez David , Guesmi Khaled 
Published: May 2024

RésuméCette recherche examine l'utilisation du Big Data, en particulier des algorithmes de trading basés sur l'intelligence artificielle, dans le domaine de la finance de marché. À travers une analyse lexicométrique d'un corpus de données provenant de la presse financière sur une période de 10 ans, nous avons identifié quatre acteurs qui contribuent à l'institutionnalisation de l'utilisation du Big Data dans la finance de marché: les experts issus du secteur bancaire et financier, les intellectuels (académiques, journalistes, écrivains), les gestionnaires à la recherche de ressources et les institutions publiques. Alors que les dilemmes éthiques et les problèmes de qualification sont une réalité, seules les institutions publiques les mettent en avant dans leur discours, contribuant ainsi au processus d'institutionnalisation.
The role of the ThyGeNEXT oncogene panel used in combination with the expanded miRNA panel ThyraMIRv2 in Indeterminate thyroid nodules: A large, blinded, real‐world, observational study
Authors: Verma Tanvi , Marshall Cody , Dantey Kossivi E. , Thompson Diane V. , Banizs Anna , Finkelstein Sydney D. , DelTondo Joseph 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMolecular analysis of fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) improves the diagnostic accuracy of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITNs). Recently, the use of MPTXv2 has been shown to further improve the accuracy of risk stratification of ITNs.MethodsA total of 338 patient samples with atypia of undetermined significance (n = 258) or follicular neoplasm (n = 80) cytology diagnosis and corresponding surgical outcomes or clinical follow‐up, collected between 2016 and 2020 were included [Correction added on 19 June 2024, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the n values 260 and 78 have been changed to 258 and 80, respectively.]. All samples underwent multiplatform testing (MPTXv1), which includes an oncogene panel (ThyGeNEXT®) plus a microRNA risk classifier (ThyraMIR®). A blinded, secondary analysis was performed to assess the added utility of MPTXv2 (ThyraMIR®v2). The average length of follow‐up for the surveillance group (n = 248) was 30 months.ResultsSensitivity at moderate threshold was 96% and specificity at positive threshold was 99% for MPTXv2. At 14% disease prevalence, the negative predictive value at the moderate threshold was 99% and the positive predictive value at the positive threshold was 89% for MPTXv2. MPTXv2 had fewer patients classified into the moderate‐risk group than MPTXv1, which was statistically significant (p < .001). Using surgical resection, the gold standard for outcomes, MPTXv2 showed a statistically greater area under the curve (p = .028) than MPTXv1, demonstrating greater accuracy for MPTXv2.ConclusionBoth test versions demonstrated robust performance with low false‐positive molecular results. Data suggest that incorporation of MPTXv1, and more recently MPTXv2, into clinical practice within our healthcare network resulted in improved accuracy of ITN risk stratification.
Incarceration of a part of the gastric wall into the abdominal cavity in a patient with hiatal hernia and complete dislocation of the stomach (upside‐down stomach)
Authors: Chiyonaga Suguru , Ohya Yuki , Inoue Mitsuhiro , Matsuda Dan , Yoneda Akira , Tomiguchi Jun , Hinokuma Yukari , Hayashida Shintaro , Iizaka Masayoshi , Inomata Yukihiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn upside‐down stomach is a rare type of hiatal hernia. An 83‐year‐old woman presented to the emergency room with abdominal pain and vomiting. Computed tomography revealed an upside‐down stomach and the incarceration of a part of the gastric body into the abdominal cavity. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a circular ulcer caused by gastric ischemia. Although she was discharged after 1 week of conservative therapy, she was readmitted to the hospital 1 day after discharge because of a recurrence of hiatal hernia incarceration. She underwent laparoscopic surgery 4 days after readmission and recovered successfully.