bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lorenz Model for Chaos in Electrokinetic Instability
Authors: Gupta Prateek , Bahga Supreet Singh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate that the Lorenz system of equations can approximate the nonlinear flow dynamics of the electrokinetic instability (EKI) in a microchannel driven by an electric field applied parallel to the diffusive interfaces separating the co‐flowing centre and sheath streams with mismatched electrical conductivity. Using Galerkin projection, we show that the electrohydrodynamic flow equations can be approximated by the Lorenz equations in the limit of small conductivity difference between the flow streams. The derived dynamical model qualitatively captures the characteristics of EKI in both linear and nonlinear regimes, including the neutral stability criterion and alternating transitions between periodic and aperiodic states with increasing electric Rayleigh numbers. While not quantitatively precise, this simplified dynamical model provides valuable insights into the essential nonlinearities responsible for chaotic behaviour observed in EKI experiments.
Joint Pain and Leisure‐Time Physical Activity: Cross‐Sectional Findings From the Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Witonsky Kailyn , Zhu Xiaonan , Rosso Andrea L. , Newman Anne , Rosano Caterina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundJoint pain is common and limits leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) in older adults. However, some older adults with pain are also physically active. Psychosocial factors that may indicate external engagement (such as social network) and internal drive (such as feeling able to “get going”) are emerging as predictors of LTPA and may explain why some older adults with pain are physically active.MethodsWe investigated the cross‐sectional association of psychosocial factors with LTPA (kcal/week) in adults over the age of 64 with pain in their back, hips, knees and/or feet from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Psychosocial factors included: social network score from the Lubben Social Network scale and three questions from the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D): perceived effort, difficulty getting going, and trouble concentrating. Separate multivariable ordinal regression models estimated the association between these indicators and LTPA, while controlling for demographics and other contributors of LTPA: number of medications, number of pain sites, body mass index, gait speed, digit substitution symbol test, brain white matter hyperintensities, and mood.ResultsAmong 902 participants (65% female, 14% Non‐White) with joint pain and complete data, higher social network score, and no self‐reported “difficulty getting going” were associated with higher levels of LTPA, independent of covariates. Associations with perceived effort or trouble concentrating were not statistically significant.ConclusionsOur research suggests that some older adults with pain are physically active and psychosocial factors related to external engagement and internal drive might be important targets to support LTPA. Studies should investigate the role of psychosocial states on LTPA among older adults with pain.Impact StatementWe certify that this work is novel.The potential impact of this research on clinical care includes the following: Resiliency factors such as psychosocial factors may be more important targets to promote leisure‐time physical activity in older adults with pain than specific pain reduction strategies.
High Impact Clinical Applications of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Women: A Review
Authors: Diaz Alex , Meloche Chelsea , Abdelmotleb Mohamed , Chalian Hamid , Santos Lima Ana Paula , Frank Luba , Ordovas Karen 
Published: February 2025

The diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in women poses an ongoing challenge due to lack of knowledge about sex differences in the manifestations of cardiovascular disease, since women have been underrepresented in cardiovascular research studies that guide current practice. The purpose of this article is to review a spectrum of cardiovascular disorders which occur exclusively or more frequently in women and to highlight the role that cardiovascular magnetic resonance (MR) plays in diagnosing and prognosticating these disorders. Specifically, this review focuses on cardio‐oncologic, ischemic, inflammatory, autoimmune, peri‐partum, and genetic manifestations of cardiomyopathy in women. We strive to draw attention to the added diagnostic value provided by cardiac MR, compared against alternative imaging modalities, and propose opportunities for further research on sex differences in imaging and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 3
An Experimental Study of the Unsteady Aerodynamics of a Static DU91‐W2‐150 Airfoil at Large Angles of Attack
Authors: Xu Guanqun , Yu Wei , Sciacchitano Andrea , Simao Ferreira Carlos 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe airfoil DU91‐W2‐150 was investigated in the Low Speed Low Turbulence Tunnel at the Delft University of Technology to study unsteady aerodynamics. This experimental study tested the airfoil under a wide range of angles of attack (AoA) from 0° to 310° at three Reynolds numbers () from to . Pressure on the airfoil surface was measured and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were conducted to capture the flow field in the wake. By examining the force coefficient and comparing the wake contours, it shows that an upwind concave surface provides a higher load compared to a convex surface upwind case, highlighting the critical role of surface shape in aerodynamics. When comparing separation at specific locations along the chord for all three values, it is observed that as increases, separation tends to occur at lower AoA, both for positive stall and negative stall. The examination of the aerodynamic force variation indicates that, during reverse flow, fluctuations are more pronounced compared to forward flow. This is owing to separation occurring at the aerodynamic leading edge (geometric trailing edge) in reverse flow. In terms of vortex shedding frequency, the study found a nearly constant normalized Strouhal number () of 0.16 across various and AoA values in fully separated regions, indicating a consistent pattern under these conditions. However, a slight increase in , between 0.16 and 0.20, was observed for AoA values exceeding 180°, possibly due to the convex curvature of the airfoil in the upwind direction. In conclusion, this research not only corroborates previous findings for small AoA values but also adds new data on the aerodynamic behavior of the DU91‐W2‐150 airfoil under large AoA values, offering various perspectives on the effects of surface curvature, , and flow conditions on key aerodynamic parameters.
A semilinear interface elliptic equation with sublinear and logistic reactions terms
Authors: Molina-Becerra Mónica , Morales-Rodrigo Cristian , Suárez Antonio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, the structure of the set of positive solutions of a semilinear interface elliptic problem is studied in detail. In this kind of problem, the domain is the union of two different regions, separated by a membrane or interface where it happens an interchange of flux. In each region, we assume a nonlinear reaction term: a sublinear function in one of them, and a logistic function in the other. The combination of both terms, as well as the interface, give an interesting structure to the set of positive solutions. In particular, we will show that the existence of the interface provides the model a cooperative effect that makes populations from both regions coexist in situations where without the interface they would disappear.
Role of CYLD in brain physiology and pathology
Authors: Nardi Leonardo , Bicker Frank , Maier Jannik , Waisman Ari , Schmeisser Michael J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A common hallmark of several neuropsychiatric conditions is an altered protein homeostasis. In this context, ubiquitination has emerged as one of the most important post-translational modifications, regulating various intracellular processes such as protein degradation, autophagy, protein activation, and protein–protein interactions. Ubiquitination can be reversed by the activity of several deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), and it is of utmost importance that both processes remain in balance. Understanding the extent to which this system is involved in specific brain disorders opens up new possibilities for treating a broader spectrum of patients by targeting this central hub. In recent years, the attention to one of those DUBs, called CYLD, has increased sharply, but with relatively little focus on the central nervous system (CNS): 55 results for “CYLD Brain” vs. 895 results for “CYLD” in total (NCBI Pubmed search, 17.01.2025). Thus, we aim to provide a first overview of the new findings from the past decade specifically related to the role of CYLD in the physiology and pathology of the CNS.
Investigation of the mechanical machinability of an interpenetrating metal-ceramic composite using diamond grinding
Authors: Rösiger Achim , Schukraft Joél , Goller Ralf , Weidenmann Kay A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, the mechanical machinability of an interpenetrating metal-ceramic composite was investigated. The material was manufactured by gas pressure infiltration of a slurry-based ceramic preform and an AlSi10Mg cast alloy. The combination of a soft metal and a very hard ceramic brings many advantages in mechanical performance of the composite but challenges in the mechanical machining. Near net shape components manufactured and finished by mechanical processing is of interest. Therefore, diamond-grinding with different diamond grit tipped tools was investigated in a range of process parameters, such as the rotation speed, feed rate, and cutting depth. During the grinding process, the cutting forces were continuously measured, and the machined surface and tool quality were evaluated afterwards. Cold welding of the aluminum chips on the tool and the material surface were detected, and the effect of the superposition of ductile and brittle cutting mechanisms were observed. Increasing cutting forces and therefore increasing the process heat results in reclosing of brittle defects in Al2O3 by deformed aluminum. This effect leads to a reduced surface roughness when increasing the material removal rate by increasing cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth.
Experimental and numerical investigation of mechanical properties of PLA-based auxetic structures
Authors: Taşdemir Mehmet , Toktaş İhsan , Motameni Ali , Evis Zafer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, two innovative unit cell designs were developed by combining different auxetic structures from the literature, and they were fabricated using 3D printers, one of the most popular additive manufacturing methods today. Tensile and compression samples were created based on unit cells produced with various parameters to investigate the mechanical properties of auxetic structures and their viability in the additive manufacturing field. Nowadays, polymer-based materials are widely accepted as the primary materials for 3D printing technology, which is employed in various engineering applications, including additive manufacturing. In this context, the samples were produced using PLA, subjected to tensile and compression tests, and their mechanical properties were analyzed. Additionally, finite element analysis (FEA) was utilized to simulate the tensile and compression tests in a virtual environment, and the results were compared with the experimental data. It was observed that the tensile and compressive strengths of the unit cell increased as the angle between the branches forming the unit cell decreased. Moreover, increasing the thickness of the branches that make up the unit cell also resulted in higher tensile and compressive strength values.
Evaluation of a photogrammetry-based scanner for measuring small-sized features in an additive manufacturing repair process chain
Authors: Pirlo Raniero , Guerra Maria Grazia , Lavecchia Fulvio , Galantucci Luigi Maria 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Repairing damaged or worn components, particularly those with high added value, has become a beneficial and sustainable practice, yielding significant economic and environmental impacts. These benefits arise from reductions in material usage, labor, and waste. A typical repair process chain combines additive manufacturing (AM), subtractive machining (SM), and measuring techniques to ensure that the involved technologies exchange accurate information regarding the dimensions and position of defects. Among the available measuring techniques, photogrammetry stands out for its low cost, flexibility, and proven ability to measure both simple and complex geometries. This study evaluated the effectiveness of close-range photogrammetry as an inspection tool within a repair process chain. The assessment focused on its capability to detect small features and measure slots with sub-millimeter dimensions. An experimental plan was developed to analyze the impact of slot dimensions and scanning strategy, taking into account limitations related to the depth of field. The best performance for the proposed outputs was observed with the widest and deepest features (slots), at a limited distance from the focus center, and with an optical axis tilt of 45°. This finding highlights the importance of feature sizes and optimal scanning strategies for real-world applications.
Exercise and eating behaviors among Austrian transgender and gender-diverse adolescents
Authors: Knaus Sarah , Teutsch Friedrich , Steininger Jo , Alguacil Diana Esteve , Riedl Stefan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adolescent populations are at a higher risk for obesity. The aim of this study was to explore possible reasons, such as differences in eating and exercise behaviors. This was a prospective cross-sectional study of TGD adolescent patients at the pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic of the Vienna General Hospital from January to July 2022. Patients were included in the World Health Organization’s Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey, which assesses for multiple measures including exercise, eating, and mental wellbeing. We recruited 32 patients via the outpatient clinic, and a further 55 adolescents self-identified as TGD through the survey. Responses from the cohort of 87 TGD adolescents were compared to the Austrian sample containing 10,110 participants. TGD adolescents reported significantly lower levels of physical activity than the national sample, both in instances of vigorous activity (p = 0.002) and any physical activity lasting > 60 min (p < 0.001) per week. Gender variance was here demonstrated to be a strong predictor for physical inactivity levels, even when correcting for low mental health scores. Regarding body image, TGD participants were also more likely to describe themselves as feeling “too fat” (p = 0.001). No statistically significant difference in eating behavior was found.

Conclusion: The results of this study point towards the complexity of healthcare needs in the TGD adolescent population. The interconnectedness of mental health and exercise behavior is well described. However, qualitative work is needed to understand the specific relationship between gender expression, body image, eating and exercise behaviors, as well as social inclusion.

What is Known:
•
Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adolescents are at an increased risk for obesity. The causes for this are most
likely complex, and remain poorly understood.
•
Survey studies in the United States and New Zealand have reported reduced levels of physical activity in the TGD
population. However, data is scarce, particularly regarding adolescents.

What is New:
•
This prospective, national survey study is the first to demonstrate reduced levels of self-reported physical activity in
a cohort of central European TGD adolescents.
A hybrid genetic search based approach for the generalized vehicle routing problem
Authors: Latorre Vittorio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel meta-heuristic for addressing a variant of the classical Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) known as the Generalized Vehicle Routing Problem (GVRP). In the GVRP, nodes are organized into clusters, with the constraint that only one node from each cluster must be visited. The proposed meta-heuristic is a Hybrid Genetic Search (HGS) that leverages recent advancements in CVRP methodologies, adapting successful strategies and techniques from CVRP to the GVRP context. To evaluate the performance of the HGS meta-heuristic, we perform an extensive computational analysis on numerous benchmark instances ranging from small to large sizes. To thoroughly analyze the algorithm’s average behavior, convergence profiles over time are reported for the considered instances. Results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 174 new best solutions out of the 498 instances considered. In only six instances out of 498, the algorithm is unable to reach or improve upon the best-known solution in the literature. These results suggest that the proposed meta-heuristic has significant potential in addressing real-world generalized vehicle routing challenges. Code available at: https://github.com/vlatorre847/HGSGVRP.
Addressing topic modelling via reduced latent space clustering
Authors: Schiavon Lorenzo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the social sciences, topic modelling is gaining increased attention for its ability to automatically uncover the underlying themes within large corpora of textual data. This process typically involves two key phases: (i) identifying the words associated with language concepts, and (ii) clustering documents that share similar word distributions. In this study, motivated by the growing interest in automatic categorisation of policy documents and regulations, we leverage recent advancements in Bayesian factor models to develop a novel topic modelling approach. This enable us to represent the high-dimensional space defined by all possible observed words through a small set of latent variables, and simultaneously cluster the documents based on their distributions over these latent constructs. Here, groups and underlying constructs are interpreted as document topics and language concepts, respectively, with the number of dimensions not required in advance. Additionally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using synthetic data, providing a comparison with existing methods in the literature. The illustration of our approach on a corpus of Italian health public plans unveils intriguing patterns concerning the semantic structures used in ageing policies and document topic similarities.
A scoping review: domestic fall risks in older adults stemming from unsafe behaviors and their association with physical environmental factors
Authors: Turja Tuuli , Castaño-Rosa Raúl 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
Although the physical environment is frequently studied in the context of domestic accidents, behavioral factors, particularly individual and interpersonal behavior, have received less attention. This scoping review aimed to address two research questions: 1) What social environmental factors are most relevant for fall risk assessments in home-dwelling older adults? 2) How do physical environmental factors influence individual and interpersonal behaviors that increase domestic fall risk?

Method
The review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, and the search was conducted in April 2022 across multiple databases, including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Nursing & Allied Health, Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA), Sage, ScienceDirect, Social Science Premium Collection, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 44 peer-reviewed studies reporting on domestic fall risk factors for older adults living at home were included.

Results
Findings indicate that both inattentive and attentive individual behaviors can increase fall risk. In terms of interpersonal behavior, social interaction and connectedness were highlighted as critical contributors to overall fall risk. Additionally, health-related factors were found to associate with environmental risk factors.

Conclusion
The study proposes a theoretical fall risk framework compassing individual factors, interpersonal behavior, and physical environmental factors. Specific physical environmental factors can trigger unsafe behaviors that elevate fall risks among older adults, particularly those with existing health conditions. Both social and physical environmental factors should be a key focus in fall prevention strategies.
Watching Porn, (Un)Doing Gender? Young People’s Experiences and Understandings of Online Porn
Authors: Meehan Claire 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The social construction of gender and pleasure is a dominant discourse that is historically entrenched within New Zealand society. Like elsewhere, New Zealanders have seen an exponential rise in the availability and accessibility of online porn in the past few decades, yet a gap in the literature remains around how young people perform gender while engaging with porn. Drawing on qualitative small friendship group interviews with 106 cis gender young people in three New Zealand schools, I explore the ways in which young people “do” gender while watching and talking about porn. I found that the young people both conformed and diverged from traditional constructions of gendered pleasure and sexual expressions. It was clear through an analysis of these data that the structural context and dominant discourses impacted the meanings young people attached to their experiences with porn and interactions with peers about porn.
Parental Involvement in Child Anxiety and Depression: Exploring the Impact of Delivery Format on Modifiable Parental Factors
Authors: Ytreland Kristin , Bania Elisabeth Valmyr , Lydersen Stian , Sund Anne Mari , Neumer Simon-Peter , Adolfsen Frode , Martinsen Kristin Dagmar , Rasmussen Lene-Mari Potulski , Ingul Jo Magne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Prior research has linked parental factors such as parent psychopathology, family functioning, parenting style, and parental practices to child anxiety and depression. Parents are often involved in interventions for these disorders. However, previous research suggests that this does not always add to the effect of child treatment alone. Furthermore, little research report changes in known parental risk and protective factors. As part of the ECHO-trial, we examined two delivery formats of parental involvement in the Emotion intervention, an indicated school-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program to prevent child anxiety and depression. Parents received either five parent group sessions or a brochure, while their children attended group sessions. Parents (N = 1028) completed our online survey at baseline, post-intervention, and/or 12-month follow-up. On average, parents showed small improvements in anxiety and depression symptoms and parental practices over time. There was no difference in parental factors between parents in the group sessions and the brochure condition.
The trial was preregistered at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ (NCT04263558), in February 2020.