bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analyses of phenylalanine hydroxylase variants and phenotypic characteristics of patients in the eastern region of Türkiye
Authors: Alavanda Ceren , Ceylan Emine İpek , Kılavuz Sebile , Çıkı Kısmet 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) is predominantly a hepatic enzyme that catalyzes phenylalanine (Phe) into tyrosine, which is the rate-limiting step in Phe catabolism. Biallelic variants in the PAH gene cause PAH enzyme deficiency. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder that causes neurologic, behavioral, and dermatological findings. PKU could be divided clinically into three types based on the blood Phe levels: classic phenylketonuria (cPKU), mild-moderate phenylketonuria (mPKU), and mild hyperphenylalaninemia (MHP). This study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Turkish PKU patients in the eastern region of Türkiye.

Methods
Demographic characteristics, serum Phe levels, treatments, and PAH variants of 163 patients with PKU and hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) were retrospectively evaluated. Blood Phe levels of the patients were analyzed with the high-performance liquid chromatography method. For PAH gene analysis, next-generation sequencing was performed.

Results
Of the 163 patients included in the study, 38 (23.3 %) had cPKU, 16 (9.8 %) had mPKU, and 109 (66.9 %) had MHP. Homozygous variants in the PAH gene were detected in 66 (40.5 %) of the patients, while compound heterozygous variants were detected in 97 (59.5 %) patients. Two novel and 35 recurrent variants in the PAH gene were detected. Of the two novel variants, one was missense (p.Phe351Leu) and the other was frameshift (p.Met276Cysfs*65). The most frequently detected variants were p.Thr380Met (18 %), p.Arg261Gln (16.8 %), and p.Ala300Ser (12.8 %). All patients with the homozygous c.1066-11G>A variant exhibited cPKU phenotype. The c.898G>T (p.Ala300Ser), c.1139C>T (p.Thr380Met), and c.1208C>T (p.Ala403Val) variants were statistically related to mild phenotype. On the other hand, c.592_613del (p.Tyr198Serfs*136), c.1028A>G (p.Tyr343Cys), and c.782G>A (p.Arg261Gln) variants were more frequently detected in the cPKU group.

Conclusions
Our study, conducted with patients from the eastern region of Türkiye, demonstrates the genetic heterogeneity in the Turkish population. Simultaneously, our research contributes to genotype–phenotype correlation and expands the genotypic spectrum by identifying novel variants.
Attitudes toward code-switching among bilingual Jordanians: a comparative study
Authors: Daoud Sumaya , Abu Guba Mohammed Nour , Hussein Elham , Skaik Huda 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study employs a quantitative analytical descriptive approach to explore the attitudes of two Jordanian communities toward code-switching (CS). The first community lives in the United States (a migrant community), while the second community resides in Jordan (a native community). Data were collected using an online questionnaire and the attitudes of these two communities were compared with respect to their sense of identity, religion, communication efficiency, and audience design. The study also examines the influence of self-perceived language proficiency, the direction of CS, and gender on the positivity or negativity of individuals’ attitudes toward CS. The study pays particular attention to the use of CS as a polite or impolite behavior in different contexts. The findings of this study indicate that both groups have relatively similar attitudes toward CS in terms of communication efficiency, topic, audience design, and politeness. However, the migrant community has an overall more positive attitude toward CS in terms of religion and sense of identity, particularly when language proficiency is taken into account.
First record of Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros armiger (Hipposideridae) from Bangladesh
Authors: Aziz M. Abdul , Marma Aung Shew Nu , Hamza Ameer , Rahman Md. Abdur , Rahman Md. Aminur , Naznin Sumaiya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We report the first record of the Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros armiger from a cave in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. We confirmed its identity using morphometric measurements and visual observations supplemented with photographs. This report steps up the number of national bat fauna, suggesting countrywide surveys for a comprehensive inventory of bats for Bangladesh.
Enhanced catalytic degradation of amoxicillin by phyto-mediated synthesised ZnO NPs and ZnO-rGO hybrid nanocomposite: Assessment of antioxidant activity, adsorption, and thermodynamic analysis
Authors: Amanat Mehwish , Shahzadi Tayyaba , Riaz Tauheeda , Zaib Maria , Nawaz Faisal , Tawfeek Ahmed M. , Khawar Muhammad Ramzan , Park Sung Jea , Choi Dongwhi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Antibiotics are resistant compounds that become emerging contaminants that cause hazards to human health and the ecological environment due to their wide production and consumption. The present research reveals the remediation of amoxicillin (AMX) antibiotic by catalytic degradation using fabricated zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc oxide-reduced graphene oxide (ZnO-rGO) catalysts. The characterization of the catalyst was carried out via UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the morphology and composition of synthesised catalyst. The catalytic ability of ZnO-rGO and ZnO was investigated by analysing the degradation of AMX. The ZnO-rGO nanocomposites (NCs) showed improved catalytic performance towards AMX degradation (96%) than pure ZnO nanoparticles (85%), which may be attributed to the incorporation of rGO, which enhanced the adsorption rate and changed the electron–hole recombination rate. The antioxidant potential of synthesised nanomaterials was also analysed by three different methods. The adsorption behaviour was explained through the Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the results revealed that AMX adsorption followed the Freundlich model more closely for both catalysts. The adsorption of AMX was also studied thermodynamically at different temperatures. The negative Gibbs energy change, positive enthalpy change, and entropy change showed the reaction’s spontaneity and endothermic nature. Finally, it can be assumed that the ZnO-rGO NCs could be an effective semiconductor for the degradation of AMX from wastewater.
Only states can be gradable
Authors: Zato Zoltan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper I study Spanish sound emission verbs (sonar ‘to ring’) and degree achievements (enfriar ‘to cool’), which are intriguing insofar as they turn out to express gradable events, and argue that they are not gradable, although they can trigger quantity readings whereby there is a degree whose value changes throughout the event. Thus, my analysis aligns with other works on different languages (Japanese, German, Catalan and English) that have already pointed out that stativity is necessary to license gradability in certain syntactic constructions. However, my proposal goes a step forward insofar as it explicitly formulates that events cannot be gradable and explains in precise terms why gradability requires stativity. Assuming that activities are divisible into intervals and states into subintervals, I argue that gradability is only possible for the latter because it consists in measuring subintervals in intensity.
Reducing IV Antibiotic Duration for Neonatal UTI Using a Clinical Standard Pathway
Authors: Chang Pearl W. , Zhou Chuan , Bryan Mersine A. 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections in young infants and are traditionally treated with longer intravenous (IV) antibiotic courses. A growing body of evidence supports shorter IV antibiotic courses for young infants. Our primary aim was to decrease the IV antibiotic treatment to 3 days over 2 years for neonates aged 0 to 28 days who have been hospitalized with UTIs.

METHODS
Using quality improvement methods, our primary intervention was to implement a revised clinical pathway recommending 3 (previously 7) days of IV antibiotics. Our primary outcome measure was IV antibiotic duration, and the secondary outcomes were length of stay (LOS) and costs. The balancing measure was readmission within 30 days of discharge. Neonates were identified by using International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes and excluded if they were admitted to the ICU or had a LOS &gt;30 days. We used statistical process control to analyze outcome measures for 4 years before (baseline) and 2 years after the pathway revision (intervention) in February 2020.

RESULTS
A total of 93 neonates were hospitalized with UTIs in the baseline period and 41 were hospitalized in the intervention period. We found special cause variation, with a significant decrease in mean IV antibiotic duration from 4.7 (baseline) to 3.1 days (intervention) and a decrease in mean LOS from 5.4 to 3.6 days. Costs did not differ between the baseline and intervention periods. There were 7 readmissions during the baseline period, and 0 during the intervention period.

CONCLUSIONS
The implementation of a revised clinical pathway significantly reduced IV antibiotic treatment duration and hospital LOS for neonatal UTIs without an increase in hospital readmissions.
Trends in Adolescent Comorbid Cannabis Use Disorder and Postoperative Complications
Authors: Willer Brittany L. , Mpody Christian , Nafiu Olubukola O. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Increasing legalization and widespread misinformation about the dangers of cannabis use have contributed to the rising prevalence of cannabis use disorder (CUD) among adolescents. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of CUD in adolescent surgical patients and evaluate its association with postoperative complications.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective, 1:1 propensity-matched cohort study of adolescents (aged 10–17 years) with and without CUD who underwent inpatient operations at US hospitals participating in the Pediatric Health Information System from 2009 to 2022. The primary outcome was the trend in prevalence of CUD. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications. Using a Bonferroni correction, we considered a P value &lt; .008 to be significant.

RESULTS
Of 558 721 adolescents undergoing inpatient surgery from 2009 to 2022, 2604 (0.5%) were diagnosed with CUD (2483 were propensity matched). The prevalence of CUD increased from 0.4% in 2009 to 0.6% in 2022 (P &lt; .001). The adjusted odds of respiratory complications, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and extended hospital stay were significantly higher in adolescents with CUD (respiratory complications: odds ratio [OR], 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–2.00; P = .002; ICU admission: OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.61–1.98; P &lt; .001; mechanical ventilation: OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 2.10–2.77; P &lt; .001; extended hospital stay: OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.74–2.20; P &lt; .001). The propensity score-adjusted odds of postoperative mortality or stroke for adolescents with CUD were not significantly increased (mortality: OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.87–2.25; P = .168; stroke: OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.13–5.36; P = .024).

CONCLUSIONS
CUD is increasing among adolescents scheduled for surgery. Given its association with postoperative complications, it is crucial to screen adolescents for cannabis use to allow timely counseling and perioperative risk mitigation.
Katecheza integralna jako odpowiedź na kulturę tymczasowości
Authors: Jasnos Andrzej 
Published: May 2024

Dominująca współcześnie kultura tymczasowości odrzucająca stałe wartości i normy oraz podporządkowująca wszystko indywidualnej wolności oddziałuje również na proces wychowania człowieka, w tym na proces katechetyczny. Katecheza z natury opiera się na stałych wartościach i celu, jakim jest wierność Bogu i człowiekowi. Adekwatną odpowiedzią na redukujące spojrzenie na człowieka, jego kształcenie i formowanie wydaje się model katechezy integralnej. Model ten uwzględnia całościowe nauczanie i wychowanie w wierze, wychodzące od osoby i sytuacji katechizowanego i ukierunkowujące go na osobistą relację z Bogiem.
Influence of sleep quality and other associated factors on glycemic control among diabetic patients: A hospital-based study
Authors: Amin Yusra , Mushtaq Sonia , Taj Rukhsana , Giyas Umara , Sachadev Sunil 
Published: May 2024

The glycemic control of diabetes patients is influenced by a variety of risk factors, some of which are adjustable and others of which are not. Diabetes and sleep quality are most frequently correlated in both directions. To evaluate the quality of sleep and pinpoint the risk factors for inadequate glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. : This cross-sectional study included seventy consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale was used to evaluate the quality of sleep. Siemens- ID 29984, dimension RxL Max, Architect plus ABBOT (ci 4100), completely automatic seven-part cell-counter by Horiba Pentra Dx and Siemens ADVIA Centaur XPT (Immonoassay system) were utilized for the biochemical tests.: Of the 70 participants in the study, 22 patients [31.4%] reported having good sleep quality, while 15 patients [21.4%] had average sleep quality and 33 patients [47.1%] had poor sleep quality. Patients with managed and uncontrolled blood sugar showed varying degrees of sleep quality; 48.4% and 17.9% showed good sleep quality, 29% and 15.4% showed moderate sleep quality, and 22.6% and 66.7% showed poor sleep quality. A statistically significant difference (p&#60;0.001) was seen in the sleep quality of the two groups. : In summary, the results of our study suggested that diabetics with poor sleep quality are more likely to have poor glycemic control. A significant modifiable risk factor for improved glycemic management in diabetic patients is sleep quality.
Relación entre violencia y conducta suicida mediada por depresión y consumo de alcohol
Authors: Casas Muñoz Abigail , Velasco-Rojano Ángel Eduardo , Rodríguez-Caballero Aarón , Prado Solé Eva , Álvarez Martín G. 
Published: May 2024

Introducción: Las conductas suicidas y la violencia contra niñas, niños y adolescentes son problemas de salud pública mundiales. Diversos estudios encuentran una relación entre violencia y conducta suicida, pero otros no, una posible explicación es que haya otras variables, como la depresión o el consumo de alcohol, que medien esta relación.
Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio fue probar si existe una relación entre cinco tipos de violencia y las conductas suicidas y si esa relación se encuentra mediada por la depresión y el consumo del alcohol.
Materiales y métodos: Se hizo una encuesta en línea a adolescentes escolarizados de 20 estados de la República. Se midieron 5 tipos de violencia con el cuestionario internacional ICAST-C, conductas suicidas y depresión con el Youth Self Report y consumo de sustancias con el ASSIST. Se realizó una regresión logística para predecir las conductas suicidas.
Resultados: Participaron 6775 adolescentes con acceso a internet, 61% mujeres, edad promedio de 16.40 años (D.E.=1.33). Entre 20 y 85% reportaron alguna forma de violencia, 35% consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, 3.4% síntomas de depresión y 7.39% conductas suicidas. Se encontraron modelos significativos a través de regresión logística en los que violencia psicológica, violencia física, violencia sexual, negligencia y la exposición a la violencia predicen la depresión y consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y estas variables predicen a su vez las conductas suicidas
Conclusiones: los cinco tipos de violencia tienen una relación indirecta con las conductas suicidas en adolescentes mexicanos mediada por la depresión y el consumo del alcohol.
Regulations on Access to Financial Information to Improve Taxpayer Compliance with Law No. 9/2017 and its Implementation Rules
Authors: Tjhai Fung Njit 
Published: May 2024

<p>The purpose of this research is to explore and analyze regulations for access to financial information for tax purposes to increase taxpayer compliance. The research approach in this study is qualitative normative based on literature and field studies in the form of collecting access data and following up on inbound and domestic AEOI based on access to information by tax administration. This study finds that for easy access to financial information for tax purposes both in the context of AEOI and the implementation of the tax laws, Law No. 9/2017 authorizes access to financial information to the Director General of Taxes (DGT) by setting aside the confidentiality of financial information in the Law of Tax Procedures and the Banking Law, access to banking financial information has positively increased tax compliance, but compulsory reporting of accounts with minimum balance of Rp1 billion have the potential to trigger rush of bank funds. On the other hand, it had reduced the effectiveness of Law No. 9/2017 to increase tax compliances for individuals who have accounts’ balance less than Rp1 billion at the end of the reporting calendar year. It can be suggested to amend the formulation of the provisions of Article 2 paragraph (3) of Law 9/2017 refers to the Common Reporting Standard (CRS) which must contain financial information, including NPWP with NIK (Resident Identification Number) for certainty and to eliminate doubts.</p>
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) has successfully adapted to Grow in Suburban Environments
Authors: Abraham Thomas , Abraham Teresa , Thomas Sunil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg) is a perennial herbaceous plant that, although not native to its current habitats, has become invasive, posing economic challenges by outcompeting indigenous flora and agricultural crops. The precise factors enabling its dominance remains unclear. We hypothesized that morphological adaptations may play a role in contributing significantly to the dandelion's invasive success. This study focused on two main drivers: 1. Phenotypic changes in the seed head stalk, and 2. Phenotypic plasticity facilitating adaptation to diverse environments. While dandelion seeds are efficiently dispersed by wind, the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. Research reveals that during seed head formation, the seed head stalk elongates and grows vertically, potentially aiding in seed dispersion. Morphological variations across habitats, including natural environments, suburban lawns, and playgrounds, contribute to dandelion's success. In suburban lawns, dandelions exhibit adaptations such as small leaves, short flower stalks angled at 30 degrees or lower, growing parallel to the lawn grass to evade mowing, while in playgrounds, they develop shorter structures to withstand trampling pressure. Dandelions thriving in the undisturbed fringes of lawns and playgrounds have large flower stalk and leaves revealing the true extent of their growth potential when allowed to flourish in their natural state. These findings highlight dandelion's adaptability and resilience, attributed to phenotypic plasticity, which enables them to thrive across diverse ecological landscapes.
Pithoascus kurdistanensis: Discovery of a Novel Endophytic Fungal Species Associated with Papaver bracteatum, and its Production of Morphine Compounds
Authors: Mohammadi Sima , Bahramnejad Bahman , Abdollahzadeh Jafar , Bashiri Samaneh , Vincent Antony T. , Majdi Mohammad , Soltani Jalal , Levesque Roger C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Papaver genus, commonly known as popies, is a valuable source of alkaloids used in medicine, including papaverine, morphine, codeine, and thebaine. We isolated six endophytic fungal isolates producing morphinan alkaloids from four Papaver species growing in Kurdistan Province, Iran. To do this, a 1:1 mixture of methanol and chloroform was used to extract fungal cultures. The contents of morphinan alkaloids in the extracts were subsequently determined using phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among the morphinan alkaloid-producing fungal isolates, IRAN 4653C had the highest yield giving 23.06 (Mg/g) morphine and 2.03 (Mg/g) codeine when grown in potato dextrose liquid medium. Moreover, the morphinan productivity of IRAN 4653C was further validated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The identity of this isolate was examined and recognized as a new fungal species named as Pithoascus kurdistanesis sp. nov. based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of ITS, TEF-1α, and TUB2 sequence data and morphological features. The morphinan-producing endophytic fungus and the isolated Pithoascus species from Papaver are being reported for the first time. Accordingly, this fungus shows promise as a new source of valuable compounds which is illustrated and introduced here as a new Microascaceae member belonging to Pithoascus from Kurdistan Province, Iran.
Intelligent Models as Novel Tools for Optimizing Ultrasonication-Ozonation Technique in PAH-contaminated Soil Remediation
Authors: Qaderi Farhad , Banisheikholeslami Abolhassan , Tamadoni Amin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose significant threats to soil and human health due to their toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop efficient and environmentally friendly methods for cleaning up PAH-contaminated soil to protect the environment and human well-being. This study investigated the efficacy of a hybrid ultrasonication-ozonation technique for remediating soil contaminated with anthracene and phenanthrene. Various experiments were conducted to assess the removal efficiency of the hybrid remediation process, considering factors such as experiment duration, water volume, injected ozone, and ultrasonic power as independent variables. Utilizing a dataset comprising 150 data points, three machine learning algorithms were employed to establish the relationship between independent variables and contaminant removal efficiency. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting Regression (XGBR) model exhibited robust performance, achieving an R2 score of 0.999 in the training set and over 0.83 in both testing and cross-validated sets. Analysis revealed that initial contaminant concentration, remediation process time, and ultrasonic power significantly influenced anthracene removal, while remediation process time, ozone concentration, and initial contaminant concentration were critical for phenanthrene removal efficiency. The XGBR model was further utilized to predict removal efficiency using an artificial dataset, and the results were visualized through four-dimensional plots, aiding in the optimization of parameters for soil remediation. This study underscores the potential of the hybrid ultrasonication-ozonation technique for PAH-contaminated soil remediation, highlighting the effectiveness of machine learning optimization in predicting and optimizing anthracene and phenanthrene removal efficiency across varying conditions.