bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FDG-PET, PET/CT and conventional nuclear medicine procedures in the evaluation of lung cancer
Authors: Baum R. P. , Kirsch C.-M. , Hellwig D. 
Published: March 2009

Summary
Aim: Currently, the German and Austrian S3 guidelines on the evaluation and treatment of lung cancer are about to be published whereas the American Colleague of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines were already presented in 2007. An important part of the diagnostic workup of lung cancer will be the evaluation of indeterminate lung lesions and the mediastinal and extrathoracic staging using FDG-PET or PET/CT. The results from the literature on FDG-PET and PET/ CT as well as on conventional nuclear medicine staging procedures and the clinical implications are presented. Methods: The literature data was amassed in analogy to the metaanalyses drawn for the current ACCP guidelines. In addition, relevant more recent publications were also considered. To answer the important question for the extent of pathological confirmation needed, the residual risk of mediastinal metastases was calculated for certain constellations of FDG-PET and CT findings. Suggested recommendations were characterized with the level of evidence. Results: FDG-PET (PET/CT) allows the differentiation of indeterminate lung lesions with high accuracy. FDG-PET (PET/ CT) is the most accurate non-invasive procedure to assess the mediastinal nodal stage, for non-small cell as well as for small cell lung cancer. It is justified to omit invasive evaluation of enlarged but FDG-PET negative lymph nodes under certain circumstances. Unexpected extrathoracic metastases detected by FDG-PET imply important changes in therapeutic management. Conclusion: The upcoming S3 guideline on lung cancer will recommend FDG-PET in several indications due to its clinical efficacy well proven by data from literature (high level of evidence). The selected use of conventional nuclear medicine procedures remains beyond doubt. FDG-PET (PET/CT) belongs to the standard of care in lung cancer.
Position paper nuclear cardiology: Update 2008
Authors: Bengel F. , Büll U. , Burchert W. , Kies P. , Kluge R. , Krause B. J. , Lindner O. , Nienaber C. , Nowak B. , Schäfer W. , Schober O. , Schwaiger M. , Silber S. , Stegger L. , vom Dahl J. , Zimmermann R. , Schäfers M. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryNuclear cardiology is well established in clinical diagnostic algorithms for many years. This is an update 2008 of the first common position paper of the German Association of Nuclear Medicine and the German Association of Cardiology, Heart and Circulation Research published in 2001 aiming at an overview of state-of-the-art scintigraphic methods.
Materiality of architecture expressed through onomatopoeic words in text description of buildings
Authors: Shinohara Hiroyuki , Kitagawa Keisuke , Tahara Sho 
Published: April 2024

AbstractText descriptions of buildings using onomatopoeic words are a form of communication frequently used by Japanese architects to express their design intent. The onomatopoeic word describes a building vividly and sensually as if it has life and expresses connotative architectural meanings imbued through building posture and gestures, as depicted by the architect. This paper investigates the materiality of architecture through a text analysis of onomatopoeic expressions used to describe architectural works in the Japanese architecture magazine Shinkenchiku (新建築), identifies 24 aspects of architectural materiality reflected in the onomatopoeia used by architects, and typifies their views of architecture as a physical object.
Performance verification of pipe‐embedded wall system in school building and proposal of its optimal control strategy
Authors: Huang Minghao , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Hirakawa Satoshi , Maruyama Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, a thermally activated building system (TABS) installed on the exterior wall as the pipe‐embedded wall (PEW) system in a school building was investigated. The basic performance of the PEW system utilizing well water cascade is verified by unsteady CFD analysis and field measurements. Moreover, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of the thermal potential from well water, the MPC‐based optimal control method with the PEW system to maximize the heat extraction is proposed and verified by unsteady CFD analysis. The analysis results showed that: (1) The PEW system can reduce the peak load from the exterior wall facing different directions at different times. In addition, the PEW system has the effect of stabilizing the indoor thermal environment. (2) The proposed optimal operation strategy improves the energy efficiency, extracting up to 30% more heat and reducing the total heat transmission, which significantly develops the operation efficiency of the PEW system.
Inherent robustness in the adaptive control of a large class of systems
Authors: Shahab Mohamad T. , Miller Daniel E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecently it has been shown how to carry out adaptive control for a linear time‐invariant (LTI) plant so that the effect of the initial condition decays exponentially to zero and so that the input‐output behavior enjoys a convolution bound. This, in turn, has been leveraged to prove, in several special cases, that the closed‐loop system is robust in the sense that both of these properties are maintained in the presence of a small amount of parameter time‐variation and unmodelled dynamics. This paper shows that this robustness property is true for a general adaptive controller with the right properties: if we are able to prove exponential stability and a convolution bound for the case of fixed plant parameters, then robustness comes for free. We also apply the results to solutions to various adaptive control problems in the literature.
Design and Nanoengineering of Photoactive Antimicrobials for Bioapplications: from Fundamentals to Advanced Strategies
Authors: Xin Huilong , Liu Yuanyuan , Xiao Yinan , Wen Min , Sheng Liyuan , Jia Zhaojun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCurrently, microbial infections have posed an arduous challenge to global public health, whereas the rise of antibiotic resistance is rendering traditional antibiotic therapies futile, prompting the development of new antimicrobial technologies. Photoactive nanomaterials have thus garnered a thriving interest for disinfection owing to their superior antibacterial efficaciousness, favorable biosafety, and rapidness and spatiotemporal precision in excreting bactericidal actions. The review summarizes recent advances and emerging trends in the design, nanoengineering, and bioapplications of photoactive antimicrobials. It commences by elaborating fundamental theories on bacterial resistance, and antibacterial mechanisms of nanomaterials and phototherapy. Subsequently, the regulation of the antibacterial effectiveness of photoactive nanomaterials is comprehensively discussed, centering on criteria and strategies for tuning photoabsorption spectra, photothermal conversion, and photocatalytic efficiency, alongside tactics for enabling synergistic therapies. This is followed by comparative analyses of techniques and modalities for synthesizing and engineering photoactive nanomaterials with diverse structures, forms, and functionalities. Thereafter, the state‐of‐the‐art applications of phototherapies across various medical sectors are portrayed, and key challenges and opportunities are finally discussed to spur future innovations and translation. This review is envisaged to provide useful guidance for devising and developing nanomaterials‐based photoresponsive antimicrobials with application‐specific materials properties and biological functions.
Pyroptosis of Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Immune Activation Enabled by a Multifunctional Prodrug Photosensitizer
Authors: Tang Yuqi , Wang Zhichao , Li Quan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBreast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the occurrence, resistance, recurrence, invasion, and metastasis of tumors. However, even trace amounts of CSCs may lead to tumor resistance and recurrence, which fundamentally reduces the therapeutic efficiency of numerous anticancer drugs. Thus, the development of a therapeutic agent that can reduce the tumorigenicity of CSCs and overcome tumor resistance and recurrence is essential. Here a novel multifunctional prodrug T‐P is reported as a photosensitizer, which links phenothiazine drug with the synthesized aggregation‐induced emission photosensitizer T‐C via an ester bond. Importantly, this photosensitizer is found to be able to induce the pyroptosis of breast CSCs as well as to activate their death pathway protein phosphatase 2A to inhibit CSCs and systemic anti‐tumor effects. T‐P can rapidly target mitochondria and overlap with lysosomes after mitochondrial escape, and it can cause mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction. It releases reactive oxygen species through photoactivation, triggering pyroptosis‐mediated strong anti‐tumor immune response. On the 5th day of in vivo therapy of breast cancer, the primary tumor is eliminated and the growth of distant tumors is also inhibited. This research would provide an impetus as well as a new strategy for CSCs‐targeted cancer photoimmunotherapy and beyond.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as an Ideal Platform for Cancer Immunotherapy: Recent Advances and Future Directions.
Authors: Godakhindi Varsha , Tarannum Mubin , Dam Sudip Kumar , Vivero‐Escoto Juan L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCancer immunotherapy recently transforms the traditional approaches against various cancer malignancies. Immunotherapy includes systemic and local treatments to enhance immune responses against cancer and involves strategies such as immune checkpoints, cancer vaccines, immune modulatory agents, mimetic antigen‐presenting cells, and adoptive cell therapy. Despite promising results, these approaches still suffer from several limitations including lack of precise delivery of immune‐modulatory agents to the target cells and off‐target toxicity, among others, that can be overcome using nanotechnology. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are investigated to improve various aspects of cancer immunotherapy attributed to the advantageous structural features of this nanomaterial. MSNs can be engineered to alter their properties such as size, shape, porosity, surface functionality, and adjuvanticity. This review explores the immunological properties of MSNs and the use of MSNs as delivery vehicles for immune‐adjuvants, vaccines, and mimetic antigen‐presenting cells (APCs). The review also details the current strategies to remodel the tumor microenvironment to positively reciprocate toward the anti‐tumor immune cells and the use of MSNs for immunotherapy in combination with other anti‐tumor therapies including photodynamic/thermal therapies to enhance the therapeutic effect against cancer. Last, the present demands and future scenarios for the use of MSNs for cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
Topological Electronic Transition Contributing to Improved Thermoelectric Performance in p‐Type Mg3Sb2−xBix Solid Solutions
Authors: Xie Sen , Wan Xiaolin , Wu Yasong , Li Chunxia , Yan Fan , Ouyang Yujie , Ge Haoran , Li Xianda , Liu Yong , Wang Rui , Toriyama Michael Y. , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Yang Jiong , Zhang Qingjie , Liu Wei , Tang Xinfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTopological electronic transition is the very promising strategy for achieving high band degeneracy (NV) and for optimizing thermoelectric performance. Herein, this work verifies in p‐type Mg3Sb2−xBix that topological electronic transition could be the key mechanism responsible for elevating the NV of valence band edge from 1 to 6, leading to much improved thermoelectric performance. Through comprehensive spectroscopy characterizations and theoretical calculations of electronic structures, the topological electronic transition from trivial semiconductor is unambiguously demonstrated to topological semimetal of Mg3Sb2−xBix with increasing the Bi content, due to the strong spin–orbit coupling of Bi and the band inversion. The distinct evolution of Fermi surface configuration and the multivalley valence band edge with NV of 6 are discovered in the Bi‐rich compositions, while a peculiar two‐step band inversion is revealed for the first time in the end compound Mg3Bi2. As a result, the optimal p‐type Mg3Sb0.5Bi1.5 simultaneously obtains a positive bandgap and high NV of 6, and thus acquires the largest thermoelectric power factor of 3.54 and 6.93 µW cm−1 K−2 at 300 and 575 K, respectively, outperforming the values in other compositions. This work provides important guidance on improving thermoelectric performance of p‐type Mg3Sb2−xBix utilizing the topological electronic transition.
Reprocessability in Engineering Thermosets Achieved Through Frontal Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Cooper Julian C. , Paul Justine E. , Ramlawi Nabil , Saengow Chaimongkol , Sharma Anisha , Suslick Benjamin A. , Ewoldt Randy H. , Sottos Nancy R. , Moore Jeffrey S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile valued for their durability and exceptional performance, crosslinked thermosets are challenging to recycle and reuse. Here, inherent reprocessability in industrially relevant polyolefin thermosets is unveiled. Unlike prior methods, this approach eliminates the need to introduce exchangeable functionality to regenerate the material, relying instead on preserving the activity of the metathesis catalyst employed in the curing reaction. Frontal ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) proves critical to preserving this activity. Conditions controlling catalytic viability are explored to successfully reclaim performance across multiple generations of material, thus demonstrating long‐term reprocessability. This straightforward and scalable remolding strategy is poised for widespread adoption. Given the anticipated growth in polyolefin thermosets, these findings represent an important conceptual advance in the pursuit of a fully circular lifecycle for thermoset polymers.
Gas‐Solid Phase Reaction Derived Silver Bismuth Iodide Rudorffite: Structural Insight and Exploring Photocatalytic Potential of CO2 Reduction
Authors: Chang Jia‐Mao , Lin Ting‐Han , Hsiao Kai‐Chi , Chiang Kuo‐Ping , Chang Yin‐Hsuan , Wu Ming‐Chung 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic reduction of CO2 is a promising strategy to mitigate the effects of global warming by converting CO2 into valuable energy‐dense products. Silver bismuth iodide (SBI) is an attractive material owing to its tunable bandgap and favorable band‐edge positions for efficient CO2 photoreduction. In this study, SBI materials, including AgBi2I7, AgBiI4, Ag2BiI5, and Ag3BiI6 are first synthesized, through gas‐solid reaction by controlling the stoichiometric ratio of reactants. The X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) results revealed that the distance between Ag‐I is proportional to the degree of Ag ions delocalization, which occupies the vacant sites. That greatly retards the charge recombination at vacant sites. In addition, the surface potential via photo‐assisted Kelvin probe force measurements of various SBI catalysts shows that Ag3BiI6 exhibits the highest surface potential change due to the rich delocalized Ag ions. This results in effective charge carrier transport and prevention of charge recombination at vacant sites. Taking the above advantages, the averaged CO and CH4 production rates for Ag3BiI6 achieved 0.23 and 0.10 µmol g−1 h−1, respectively. The findings suggest that Ag3BiI6 has a high potential as a novel photocatalyst for CO2 reduction and sheds light on the possibility of solving environmental contamination and sustainable energy crises.
Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of α,α‐Diaryl Aldehydes via Oxo‐Hydroarylation of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Zhou Xueting , Huang Qingqin , Guo Jiami , Dai Lei , Lu Yixin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChiral aldehydes containing a tertiary stereogenic center are versatile building blocks in organic chemistry. In particular, such structural motifs bearing an α,α‐diaryl moiety are very challenging scaffolds and their efficient asymmetric synthesis is not reported. In this work, a phosphoric acid‐catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of α,α‐diaryl aldehydes from simple terminal alkynes is presented. This approach yields a wide range of highly enolizable α,α‐diaryl aldehydes in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities. Facile transformations of the products, as well as an efficient synthesis of bioactive molecules, including an effective anti‐smallpox agent and an FDA‐approved antidepressant drug (+)‐sertraline, are demonstrated.
T‐bet Regulates Ion Channels and Transporters and Induces Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Chen Lang , Yi Hongwei , Li Qingtian , Duan Tianhao , Liu Xin , Li Linfeng , Wang Helen Y. , Xing Changsheng , Wang Rong‐Fu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractT‐bet, encoded by TBX21, is extensively expressed across various immune cell types, and orchestrates critical functions in their development, survival, and physiological activities. However, the role of T‐bet in non‐immune compartments, notably the epithelial cells, remains obscure. Herein, a Tet‐O‐T‐bet transgenic mouse strain is generated for doxycycline‐inducible T‐bet expression in adult animals. Unexpectedly, ubiquitous T‐bet overexpression causes acute diarrhea, intestinal damage, and rapid mortality. Cell‐type‐specific analyses reveal that T‐bet‐driven pathology is not attributable to its overexpression in CD4+ T cells or myeloid lineages. Instead, inducible T‐bet overexpression in the intestinal epithelial cells is the critical determinant of the observed lethal phenotype. Mechanistically, T‐bet overexpression modulates ion channel and transporter profiles in gut epithelial cells, triggering profound fluid secretion and subsequent lethal dehydration. Furthermore, ectopic T‐bet expression enhances gut epithelial cell apoptosis and markedly suppresses colon cancer development in xenograft models. Collectively, the findings unveil a previously unrecognized role of T‐bet in intestinal epithelial cells for inducing apoptosis, diarrhea, and local inflammation, thus implicating its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
Self‐Powered Broadband Photodetectors Based on Si/SnS2 and Si/SnSe2 p–n Heterostructures
Authors: Kumar Mahesh , Huang Bohr‐Ran , Saravanan Adhimoorthy , Sun Hui , Chen Sheng‐Chi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe escalating interest in 2D nanoflakes‐based group‐IVA metal chalcogenides is attributed to their noteworthy properties, such as high electron mobility, exceptional chemical stability, and applicability across diverse scientific disciplines such as sensing, energy storage applications, supercapacitors, and lithium‐ion batteries. This study introduces an innovative self‐powered photodetector based on 2D metal chalcogenide nanoflakes (SnS2 and SnSe2) formed into nanoflowers on a silicon substrate through the hydrothermal method. The amalgamation of the light‐induced pyroelectric effect into the SnS2 photodetector achieves impressive enhancement ratios of 353%, 425%, 351%, 662%, and 153% in photoresponsivity and detectivity compared to the photovoltaic effect at 365, 456, 532, 632, and 850 nm, respectively, at zero bias. The SnSe2 photodetector achieved responsivity values of 14, 82, 36, 4, and 28 mA W−1 at the corresponding wavelengths in self‐powered mode. The SnSe2 device exhibits superior photosensitivity of 30792%, 55692%, 28803%, 9678%, and 68587% at the corresponding wavelengths, under zero bias. In addition, the photocurrent response caused by the photovoltaic‐pyroelectric effect is thoroughly defined, and the impacts of light wavelength, power intensity, and bias voltage are studied. This study presents a cutting‐edge self‐powered broadband photodetector utilizing pyroelectric materials and opens possibilities for designing high‐performance, fast photodetectors based on the pyro‐phototronic effect.
Selection based on the phenomenic approach and agronomic ideotic of white oat
Authors: Pradebon Leonardo Cesar , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Da Silva José Antonio Gonzalez , Loro Murilo Veiera , Pettenon Adriano Lucas , Roza João Pedro Dalla , Schulz Adriano Dietterle , Da Silva Thayane Beck 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work aimed to propose multivariate selection strategies reconciling the agronomic ideotype and vegetation indices to obtain genotypes with high tillering, early cycle, tolerant to lodging, and foliar diseases. The sowing of white oat lines was carried out on April 27, 2023, allocated in an experimental design of blocks augmented with interspersed controls. The regular treatments correspond to 593 lines of white oat and the common treatments were represented by the cultivars URS Olada, URS Altaneira, and IPR Artêmis arranged in four replications. The measurements of variables of agronomic interest took place in each experimental unit as follows: percentage of tillering, days to flowering, percentage of lodging, percentage of leaf rust, percentage of stem rust, and percentage of leaf spots. The phenomic analyses took place through flights carried out with a specialized drone, equipped with a 20 MP resolution camera and standard height (80 m). The best proposed indices were index for reducing the percentage of lodging with normalized green (NG), green–red ratio (IGR), soil color index (SCI), green leaf index (GLI), visible atmospheric resistant index (VARI), green leaf index 2 (GLI2), red–blue (RB), blue green pigment (BGI), normalized red–blue difference index (NRBDI), green–blue ratio, BIM, normalized green–blue difference index (NGBDI), and ExGR; index for reducing days to flowering with brightness index (BI), NRBDI, days to flowering (DF), gray (GRAY), IGR, average intensity (L), normalized red (NR), RGRI, SCI, BGI, BIM, GLI, NGBDI, and NG; and index for reducing the percentage of stem rust with NG, BI, Gray2, GLI2, RGRI, GLI, VARI, BGI, L, NR, RB, and coloration index. Only two lines were selected concomitantly with multivariate indices, line L167 (M5, SA) and L426 (M6, ETMS), that combine lodging tolerance and leaf rust genes.
How can we improve the stability of organic solar cells from materials design to device engineering?
Authors: Li Mingpeng , Tian Leilei , He Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmong a promising photovoltaic technology for solar energy conversion, organic solar cells (OSCs) have been paid much attention, of which the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have rapidly surpassed over 20%, approaching the threshold for potential applications. However, the device stability of OSCs including storage stability, photostability and thermal stability, remains to be an enormous challenge when faced with practical applications. The major causes of device instability are rooted in the poor inherent properties of light‐harvesting materials, metastable morphology, interfacial reactions and highly sensitive to external stresses. To get rid of these flaws, a comprehensive review is provided about recent strategies and methods for improving the device stability from active layers, interfacial layers, device engineering and encapsulation techniques for high‐performance OSC devices. In the end, prospectives for the next stage development of high‐performance devices with satisfactory long‐term stability are afforded for the solar community.