bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurologic outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for oncologic indications
Authors: Quinn Carson M. , Rajarajan Prashanth , Gill Alexander , Kopinsky Hannah , Wolf Andrew B. , De Camargo Celeste Soares , Lamb Jessica , Bacon Tamar , Murray Joseph , Probasco John C. , Galetta Kristin , Kantor Daniel , Coyle Patricia K. , Bhise Vikram , Alvarez Enrique , Conway Sarah , Bhattacharyya Shamik , Kister Ilya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) activity, as well as neurologic and non-neurologic immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in persons with MS (pwMS) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for cancer.BackgroundICIs are associated with irAEs and exacerbation of certain preexisting autoimmune diseases. PwMS are generally excluded from ICI clinical trials, so data on the safety of these drugs in pwMS is limited.Design/MethodsParticipating sites were recruited through the Medical Partnership 4 MS+ (MP4MS+) listserv. Seven large academic centers participated in the study, each conducting a systematic search of their electronic medical record system for patients with MS and ICI exposure. Demographics and data on MS and cancer history, treatments, and outcomes were abstracted from patient charts using a structured instrument.ResultsWe identified 66 pwMS (median age 66 years, 73% female, 68% not on disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for MS) who were treated with ICIs for lung cancers (35%), melanoma (21%) or other oncologic indications. During post-ICI follow-up (median: 11.7 months, range 0.2-106.3 months), two pwMS (3%) had relapse or MRI activity, three (5%) had neurologic irAEs, and 21 (32%) had non-neurologic irAEs. At the last follow-up, 25 (38%) subjects had partial or complete remission of their cancer while 35 (53%) were deceased.ConclusionsIn this multi-institutional systematic retrospective study of predominantly older pwMS who were off DMTs, MS activity and neurologic irAEs following ICI treatment were rare, suggesting that preexisting MS should not preclude the use of ICIs.
Artificial Intelligence in Depression – Medication Enhancement (AID-ME): A Cluster Randomized Trial of a Deep Learning Enabled Clinical Decision Support System for Personalized Depression Treatment Selection and Management
Authors: Benrimoh David , Whitmore Kate , Richard Maud , Golden Grace , Perlman Kelly , Jalali Sara , Friesen Timothy , Barkat Youcef , Mehltretter Joseph , Fratila Robert , Armstrong Caitrin , Israel Sonia , Popescu Christina , Karp Jordan F. , Parikh Sagar V. , Golchi Shirin , Moodie Erica EM , Shen Junwei , Gifuni Anthony J. , Ferrari Manuela , Sapra Mamta , Kloiber Stefan , Pinard Georges-F. , Dunlop Boadie W. , Looper Karl , Ranganathan Mohini , Enault Martin , Beaulieu Serge , Rej Soham , Hersson-Edery Fanny , Steiner Warren , Anacleto Alexandra , Qassim Sabrina , McGuire-Snieckus Rebecca , Margolese Howard C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere has been increasing interest in the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled clinical decision support systems (CDSS) for the personalization of major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment selection and management, but clinical studies are lacking. We tested whether a CDSS that combines an AI which predicts remission probabilities for individual antidepressants and a clinical algorithm based on treatment can improve MDD outcomes.MethodsThis was a multicenter, cluster randomized, patient-and-rater blinded and clinician-partially-blinded, active-controlled trial that recruited outpatient adults with moderate or greater severity MDD. All patients had access to a patient portal to complete questionnaires. Clinicians in the active group had access to the CDSS; clinicians in the active-control group received patient questionnaires; both groups received guideline training. Primary outcome was remission (<11 points on the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)) at study exit.Results47 clinicians were recruited at 9 sites. Of 74 eligible patients, 61 patients completed a post-baseline MADRS and were analyzed. There were no differences in baseline MADRS (p = 0.153). There were more remitters in the active (n= 12, 28.6%) than in the active-control (0%) group (p = 0.012, Fisher’s exact). Of three serious adverse events, none were caused by the CDSS. Speed of improvement was higher in the Active than the Control group (1.26 vs. 0.37, p = 0.03).ConclusionsWhile limited by sample size and the lack of primary care clinicians, these results demonstrate preliminary evidence that longitudinal use of an AI-CDSS can improve outcomes in moderate and greater severity MDD.
High-field/high-frequency electron spin resonances of Fe-doped
β−Ga2O3
by terahertz generalized ellipsometry: Monoclinic symmetry effects
Authors: Richter Steffen , Knight Sean , Bulancea-Lindvall Oscar , Mu Sai , Kühne Philipp , Stokey Megan , Ruder Alexander , Rindert Viktor , Ivády Viktor , Abrikosov Igor A. , Van de Walle Chris G. , Schubert Mathias , Darakchieva Vanya 
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate detection and measurement of electron paramagnetic spin resonances (EPR) of iron defects in β−Ga2O3 utilizing generalized ellipsometry at frequencies between 110 and 170 GHz. The experiments are performed on an Fe-doped single crystal in a free-beam configuration in reflection at 45∘ and magnetic fields between 3 and 7 T. In contrast with low-field, low-frequency EPR measurements, we observe all five transitions of the s=5/2 high-spin state Fe3+ simultaneously. We confirm that ferric Fe3+ is predominantly found at octahedrally coordinated Ga sites. We obtain the full set of fourth-order monoclinic zero-field splitting parameters for both octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated sites by employing measurements at multiple sample azimuth rotations. The capability of high-field EPR allows us to demonstrate that simplified second-order orthorhombic spin Hamiltonians are insufficient, and fourth-order terms as well as consideration of the monoclinic symmetry are needed. These findings are supported by computational approaches based on density-functional theory for second-order and on ligand-field theory for fourth-order parameters of the spin Hamiltonian. Terahertz ellipsometry is a way to measure spin resonances in a cavity-free setup. Its possibility of varying the probe frequency arbitrarily without otherwise changing the experimental setup offers unique means of truly disentangling different components of highly anisotropic spin Hamiltonians.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
My views matter: what do service users and their families want from residential and in-patient learning disabilities services in Norfolk?
Authors: Spall John 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
An important finding of the Safeguarding Adults Review into events at Cawston Park was that the views of patients and their families were systematically ignored by the hospital. The purpose of this paper is to report on a review of people’s experiences of residential and secure in-patient services in Norfolk for those with learning disabilities and autistic people. It discusses overall reported levels of satisfaction, how well people and their families felt they were listened to by services and what people valued most in services.

Design/methodology/approach
The main research tools were visits to services to talk to people and observe them receiving care, along with listening sessions outside homes and interviews with relatives.

Findings
Most people spoken to were happy with how they were listened to, but there is room for improvement. People particularly valued connections with staff based on reciprocity, long-term relationships and, for some, family-like relationships, and were unhappy when these were inconsistent or absent. People also enjoyed the opportunity to develop relationships with people outside their service, and especially with non-disabled people, something that was rare for most people. Relatives appreciated transparency of communication and openness to negotiation in home managers, especially when problems or disagreements arose.

Originality/value
The findings suggest that the severe problems with listening at Cawston Park are not more widespread across the sector in Norfolk. However, progress is needed to improve the consistency of listening across services and to develop services informed by what people value most in services around quality relationships, communication and social inclusion.
Bibliometric analysis of income inequality in Africa
Authors: Raimi Rasaq , Phiri Andrew 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to provide a bibliometric review of scientific articles published on “Income inequality in Africa” in order to understand the patterns of research on the topic and identify agendas for future research.Design/methodology/approachWe conduct a bibliometric analysis on 459 research publications between 1993 and 2023 using the biblioshiny function of bibliometrix package of R-studio to map out and analyze the bibliometric data.FindingsThe findings from our analysis can be summarized in five points. Firstly, African researchers are underrepresented on a global scale and yet are dominant at institutional and author levels. Secondly, most dominant research has not being published in top 100 tanked economic journals. Thirdly, there is underrepresentation of females and white males in research output. Fourthly, there are weak author collaborations on the topic and currently the authors with higher collaborative partnerships tend to have more research output and higher citations. Lastly, we find that authors who include simple terms such as “Income inequality”, “Africa”, “poverty” and “economic growth” as keywords in their studies tend to have higher visibility.Originality/valueThis is first study to perform a bibliometric analysis for research on “Income inequality in Africa”.
The impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on the true interest cost of bank-qualified tax-exempt bond issues
Authors: Benson Earl D. , Marks Barry R. 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThe Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) substantially lowered the corporate tax rate, making tax-exempt municipal bond issues less attractive investments for banks, savings and loan associations and insurance companies. To provide a benefit for small issuers the current Internal Revenue Code has a special provision that allows banks and S&Ls to deduct 80% of the borrowing costs for “bank-qualified” bonds – tax-exempt bonds from issuers who issue no more than $10 million in bonds during a year. This study examines whether the relationship between the true interest cost (TIC) on bank-qualified bonds and other tax-exempt bonds changed with the passage of the TCJA.Design/methodology/approachUsing linear regression analysis this paper compares the TIC of bank-qualified bonds with the TIC of bonds not bank-qualified using a sample of bonds both before and after the passage of TCJA.FindingsPrior to the passage of the TCJA, this study observes that these “bank-qualified” bond issues had a lower true interest cost than other tax-exempt bond issues; however, after passage of the TCJA, the difference in the true interest cost between “bank-qualified” bond issues and other tax-exempt bond issues dramatically decreased.Practical implicationsIt appears that the benefit for small bond issuers is greatly reduced after corporate tax rates were significantly lowered. If federal lawmakers wish small issuers to have the same advantage over other tax-exempt municipal bond issuers after passage of TCJA, some changes will need to be made to the Internal Revenue Code to give small issuers an additional advantage when issuing tax-exempt debt.Originality/valueNo other empirical research to date has examined the impact of TCJA on bank-qualified bond issue interest cost.
Climate policy at the International Monetary Fund: No voice for the vulnerable?
Authors: Merling Lara , Forster Timon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe climate crisis prompted the International Monetary Fund (IMF), an international lender of last resort, to implement wholesale reforms to incorporate climate policy into its operations. At the IMF, selected countries from the Global North—historically the largest emitters of greenhouse gases—dominate decision‐making. This raises several questions. Can the Fund implement an ambitious and effective climate policy? How are climate‐vulnerable developing countries and their interests represented in everyday decision‐making at the institution? Drawing on scholarship on the political economy and legitimacy of international organizations, we focus on the formal distribution of decision‐making power within the IMF to evaluate the IMF's shift toward climate change. Our empirical analysis of the representation of 57 self‐identifying climate‐vulnerable developing countries (the V20) at the IMF and within its Executive Board shows that these countries, speaking for almost a third of the Fund's membership, command a vote share of merely 5.6%. Our assessment of the Climate Strategy adopted by the IMF amplifies equity concerns over its climate policies and further attests to the disregard of requests by developing countries. Barring meaningful governance reform to increase the voice and representation of climate‐vulnerable developing countries, the IMF's approach to addressing climate change is unlikely to translate into legitimate and effective climate policy.
Privacy decision‐making and the effects of privacy choice architecture: Experiments toward the design of behaviorally‐aware privacy regulation
Authors: Sprigman Christopher Jon , Tontrup Stephan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current notice and choice privacy framework fails to empower individuals in effectively making their own privacy choices. In this Article we offer evidence from three novel experiments showing that at the core of this failure is a cognitive error. Notice and choice caters to a heuristic that people employ to make privacy decisions. This heuristic is meant to distinguish between a party's good or bad intent in face‐to‐face‐situations. In the online context, it distorts privacy decision‐making and leaves potential disclosers vulnerable to exploitation.From our experimental evidence exploring the heuristic's effect, we conclude that privacy law must become more behaviorally aware. Specifically, privacy law must be redesigned to intervene in the cognitive mechanisms that keep individuals from making better privacy decisions. A behaviorally‐aware privacy regime must centralize, standardize and simplify the framework for making privacy choices.To achieve these goals, we propose a master privacy template which requires consumers to define their privacy preferences in advance—doing so avoids presenting the consumer with a concrete counterparty, and this, in turn, prevents them from applying the intent heuristic and reduces many other biases that affect privacy decision‐making. Our data show that blocking the heuristic enables consumers to consider relevant privacy cues and be considerate of externalities their privacy decisions cause.The master privacy template provides a much more effective platform for regulation. Through the master template the regulator can set the standard for automated communication between user clients and website interfaces, a facility which we expect to enhance enforcement and competition about privacy terms.
Numerically Optimized Ejector Geometry for Ejector Refrigeration Systems With Low-Global Warming Potential Working Fluids
Authors: Suresh Ronanki , Prakash Ranjith , Praveen Visakh , Datta Santanu Prasad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recently, an ejector refrigeration system (ERS) has been a promising cooling strategy with waste heat utilization and minimization of power consumption by evading the compressor. However, analyzing the intricate flow structure inside the ejector and the corresponding coefficient of performance enhancement are major challenges of an ERS. The type of working fluid, design specifications, and working conditions significantly affect the ejector behavior. The environmental issues caused by the leakage of the most popular high-GWP refrigerant R134a divulge the need for low-GWP alternatives. Moreover, the effect of critical design specifications such as area ratio (AR) and nozzle exit position (NXP) for these alternatives is not explored yet. Therefore, five low-GWP alternates for R134a, namely R1234yf, R1243zf, R152a, R513a, and R440a, are tested numerically under wide-ranging operating conditions. In addition, the ejector performance for all refrigerants is examined for seven distinct ARs and five different NXPs. The effect of the refrigerant variant and NXP on the internal flow structures of the ejector is also analyzed. Besides, the study is extended to find the optimal NXP at various operating temperatures using R1234yf refrigerant. In most cases, the higher entrainment ratio (ER) is obtained with R1234yf and R1243zf, and the increase in AR has a positive effect on the ER. The impact of the NXP is higher at condenser temperature with minimal waste heat in the generator. Irrespective of the operating conditions for R1234yf, the optimum NXP is obtained as 10 mm, which is 1.67 times the constant-area mixing chamber diameter.
A Comprehensive Study on Optimizing 3D Printing Parameters for Improved Mechanical Properties of PLA and ABS Polymer
Authors: Shahan Habeeb Talha , Zainuddin Shaik , Ahmed G. M. Sayeed , Harry Richard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In recent years, due to the advent of 3D printing technology, a radical change has been noticed in the manufacturing of parts, particularly in the aerospace and automobile industries. It is hypothesized that by systematically varying the infill densities and raster angles in the 3D printing process, the mechanical properties of polymer composites can be improved significantly striking a balance between increased structural integrity, reduced material consumption and cost-efficiency. Therefore, in this work, we investigated the effect of different raster angles (0°, 45° and 90°) and infill percentages (25%–100%) on the flexural and thermo-mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composites processed with Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method. Results showed that the anisotropic behavior of both PLA and ABS samples is highly influenced by the raster angle, with 0° raster giving the highest flexure modulus. Additionally, the infill percentage significantly influenced the sample’s overall flexural strength. The PLA samples with a raster angle of 0° and a 50% infill showed a flexural strength of 167.72 MPa, while the ABS samples, also with a 0° raster angle but at a 75% infill, showed a flexural strength of 125.92 MPa. The results showed a significant enhancement in flexural strength and under optimized conditions. Similarly, the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed the storage modulus and loss modulus properties of both PLA and ABS. Given the success of optimizing PLA and ABS, future research could explore integrating other materials or multi-material printing. These observations serve as a helpful starting point for creating guidelines and suggestions for improving 3D printing procedures leading to time and cost savings and expanding the potential of additive manufacturing in polymer and their fiber-reinforced composites.
Multifunctional Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)-Based Polymer, Copolymer, and Compo-Sites for Aerospace Applications: A Comprehensive Technical Review
Authors: Ahbab Nadia , Xu Tian-Bing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we provide a comprehensive technical review on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF-based material processing and characterization as well as device developments for aeronautic and aerospace missions. We delve into the properties, advantages and disadvantages, and applications and device of PVDF-based materials and composites. The electromechanical properties of piezoelectric and pyroelectric PVDF materials as well as and operation principles of piezoelectric PVDF devices are discussed in detail. The summaries of PVDF-based devices for sensors, actuators, transducers, acoustic, communications, and energy harvesting and considering role of PVDF in structural health monitoring and Electro-magnetic interference (EMI) shielding which are important in aerospace and aeronautic are presented. Finally, we provide some guidelines on new material development, new functional device innovations, and effective applications for the aerospace community.
Adaptive-Stiffness Characteristics of Pneumatic Rotary Actuators for Folding Wingtips
Authors: Meyer Patrick , Sprengholz Moritz , Traub Hendrik , Hühne Christian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Folding wingtips address the challenges of high aspect ratio wings, such as airport conformity, increased wing root bending moment, and reduced aircraft maneuverability. The functionalities of free-flapping folding wingtips can be extended with multifunctional wingtip actuators that allow for active adjustment of the wingtip’s cant angle and hinge stiffness. The objective of this paper is the identification of governing factors influencing the adaptive-stiffness characteristics of pneumatic rotary actuators. The authors experimentally determine the characteristics of such a commercially available pneumatic rotary actuator and formulate analytical equations for actuator moment and stiffness as well as the wingtip’s natural frequencies. The actuator characteristics can be accurately described by an isobaric or adiabatic process, depending on the pneumatic setup. The pneumatic actuator exhibits zero stiffness in a pressure-regulated mode, whereas targeted adjustment of the actuator stiffness is possible by shutting off the mass flow into the actuator chambers. The formulated equations allow a detailed design of multifunctional wingtip actuators for application in highly efficient high aspect ratio aircraft. The findings of this study can be transferred to hydraulic rotary actuators, which would be required to achieve the necessary load-bearing capacity for application in larger transport aircraft.
Lattice Structure Design Using Machine Learning and Homogenization Approach
Authors: Mahdi Mohammed Abir , Crick Christopher , Zhao Wei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The homogenization approach is commonly used for lattice structure design by simplifying the modeling of complex geometric structures using simple solid elements in the finite element analysis. Homogenized material properties for solid elements are obtained through a Representative Volume Element (RVE). Several homogenization methods are available to determine effective material properties, including beam theory asymptotic homogenization (AH) and various others. In the current study, AH is chosen as it is widely utilized to assess lattice mechanical properties for a wide range of shapes. Although this approach is popular, it requires fine meshes when analyzing complex lattice geometries for computing material properties using finite element methods. Thus, it increases modeling complexity by including model preprocessing and generates a large order stiffness matrix, resulting in a computationally expensive analysis. Therefore, this study incorporated image processing instead of traditional mesh generation for calculating effective material properties. This methodology converts any image of a random-shaped RVE into a binary matrix to calculate its properties. In addition, this study introduced a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on images of square lattice RVEs, which allows accurate and fast predictions of material properties. The developed model showed an error of 1.60% estimated on Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and 0.08% based on Mean Squared Error (MSE) in the training phase.