bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flows of Quantum Noise
Authors: Hudson Robin L. , Lindsay J. Martin , Parthasarathy K. R. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The dynamics of classical and quantum systems in the presence of noise is usually described in the language of stochastic differential equations. When the system observables comprise a C*-algebra, stochastic evolutions are obtained by solving such equations driven by creation, preservation and annihilation processes on Fock space, with linear maps on the algebra as coefficients. *-Homomorphic evolutions are obtained precisely when the collection of maps has a certain structure; this structure admits a cohomological description. Here we consider equations governing the joint evolution of the system and noise (from input to output) by supposing that the characteristics of the (input) noise processes are given by a group representation. The structure required for *-homomorphic evolution is determined.
Evolution of large mammal populations and distribution in Zakouma National Park (Chad) between 2002 and 2008
Authors: Poilecot Pierre , N'Gakoutou Etienne Bemadjim , Taloua Nicolas 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe relatively scarcely known Zakouma National Park serves as a real sanctuary for Chad's Sudanese fauna owing to the possibility of permanent access to standing water throughout the dry season. With a density of elephants approaching an animal per square kilometre this protected area is exceptional for the species in West Africa. A census by systematic sample counts from the air in 2002 showed that the numbers of most species of large herbivore had increased from those of 1986. A new census using the same method was undertaken during the 2008 dry season with the aim of acquiring another estimate of the numbers of the large mammal species and to verify recent reports of an upsurge in elephant poaching. Comparison of the two censuses shows that large mammal populations were stable or increasing for all species except elephant that showed a drastic decline. Evidence of poaching on a large scale, including the presence of numerous recent carcasses, is enough to explain this decline. Although some species, waterbuck and topi, occupied the same areas in both censuses others, buffalo, roan antelope and hartebeest, had ranges that extended farther west in the park in 2008.
The Interplay of Energy Disposal and Reaction Rates in Exoergic Processes at Metal Surfaces: Desorption Rates in Vibrationally Excited Adlayers
Authors: Molinari E. , Tomellini M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
We report on the desorption kinetics of adsorbates from metal surfaces in the presence of exoergic-processes, either atom recombination or non-dissociative adsorption. The modeling takes into account the dissipation of the adatom energy to both the solid and the adlayer and permits one to investigate the effect of these processes on the desorption rate. The model kinetics, which is solved analytically for two recombination channels under non steady state conditions, shows that the desorption rate is ruled by the ratio between the rate constant for recombination and for energy loss to the solid. The behavior of the vibrational distribution function of the adatoms on this control parameter is analyzed and compared with Boltzmann equilibrium distributions. Rate coefficients for energy disposal to a metal surface, evaluated for a relaxation process involving electron-hole pair excitation, are shown to be linked to the electron density, which than becomes a control parameter of reaction rates at metal surfaces.
Heterogeneous Catalysed Esterification of Propionic Acid with n-Amyl Alcohol over a Microporous Cation-exchange Resin Dowex 50Wx4
Authors: Erdem Beyhan , Izci Alime 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Kinetics of heterogeneous catalysed esterification of propionic acid with n-amyl alcohol was studied with a microporous cation-exchange resin catalyst, Dowex 50Wx4, in a stirred batch reactor to synthesise amyl propionate. Effects of various parameters such as speed of agitation, catalyst loading, and reaction temperature on reaction rate were investigated. The equilibrium conversion of propionic acid increased with in catalyst loading and reaction temperature. Stirrer speed had virtually no effect on the reaction rate under the experimental conditions. The apparent activation energy was found to be 43.167 kJmol−1 for the formation of amyl propionate and the equilibrium constant, which is independent of temperature ranging from 318 to 348 K, was found to be 4.05. It was also observed that the initial reaction rate decreased with water concentrations and increased with that of acid and increased with that of alcohol linearly. The reaction was found to occur between an adsorbed acid molecule and a molecule of alcohol in the bulk and it was concluded that the reaction mechanism can be represented by Eley-Rideal model.
The Reinstatement of Polyphony in Musical Construction: Fugal Finales in Haydn's Op. 20 String Quartets
Authors: Grier James 
Published: June 2010

The title, borrowed from Paul Henry Lang's description of Haydn's op. 20 string quartets in Music in Western Civilization, characterizes Haydn's endeavor to create more independent partwriting in the string quartet. First, Haydn's fugal practice is noteworthy particularly for the construction of the fugal exposition and his treatment of multiple subjects, the question of what constitutes a regular countersubject, and the treatment of redundant entries. Second, the chief strategy in these movements is the invention of invertible counterpoint in three voices. Haydn writes a double fugue (with a regular countersubject), as well as a triple and quadruple fugue, in which the principal issue is the ability of each subject (including the double fugue's countersubject) to serve as any voice—top, middle or bottom—in a texture of invertible counterpoint.
The expertise he attained with these works then allows him to exploit the technique in later quartets, principally in the development sections of sonata-form movements. There, he uses invertible counterpoint to establish the independence of each voice, and to create longer passages unarticulated by cadences, sections distinct from the more clearly articulated periodic expositions and recapitulations. The three fugal finales of op. 20, therefore, constitute Haydn's advanced study not so much in fugal procedure as in the practice of invertible counterpoint.
Cilia Motility and Structure in Primary and Secondary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Armengot Miguel , Milara Javier , Mata Manuel , Carda Carmen , Cortijo Julio 
Published: June 2010

Background Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a clinically uniform entity, although cilia motility and structure can vary among patients, making diagnosis difficult. Chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, sinus hypoplasia, secretory otitis media, and low fertility are common in PCD patients. The aim of this work was to correlate nasal ciliary activity with clinical and structural abnormalities in PCD. A secondary aim was to evaluate the usefulness of high-resolution digital high-speed video (DHSV) in the diagnosis of PCD. Methods We analyzed nasal mucociliary transport and cilia ultrastructure by electron microscopy and studied nasal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and beat pattern using high-resolution DHSV imaging in 34 healthy volunteers, 25 individuals with PCD (including 11 with Kartagener's syndrome [KS]with situs inversus), and 27 with secondary ciliary dyskinesia (SCD). Results Nasal mucociliary transport was defective in the PCD and SCD patients. Ciliary immotility was observed in only six KS patients and was correlated with the absence of dynein. We observed a correlation between partial dynein deficiency and an uncoordinated, stiffly vibrating ciliary beat. Cilia activity and structure were normal in the SCD patients. Conclusion Nasal mucociliary transport showed a sensitivity of 100% for the diagnosis of PCD but has low specificity. High-resolution DHSV imaging has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PCD. Video analysis is probably more useful than the study of mucociliary transport and cilia ultrastructure in screening for PCD. The absence of dynein was correlated with ciliary immotility and was more common in KS patients.
Comparison of the Skin-Prick Test and Phadia Immunocap as Tools to Diagnose House-Dust Mite Allergy
Authors: Jung Yong Gi , Cho Hyun-Jin , Park Ga Young , Min Jin-Young , Kim Hyo Yeol , Dhong Hun-Jong , Chung Seung Kyu , Kim Seon Woo 
Published: June 2010

Background When the skin-prick test (SPT) and in vitro test such as ImmunoCAP assay are performed simultaneously, results do not always coincide in some patients. Our objectives, therefore, were (1) to assess differences in allergic test results according to age group and (2) to establish appropriate guidelines for diagnosing mite allergy according to age. Methods A total of 692 participants complaining of allergic rhinitis symptoms participated. Patients were divided according to age; the mean age was 32 years (range, 8–76 years). The SPT and ImmunoCAP assays were performed to detect allergies to house-dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae). The association between age and the result of each allergy test were examined, and a cutoff age for proper application of each test was than estimated. Results Three hundred thirty-six patients (48.6%) were allergic to D. pteronyssinus and 350 patients (50.6%) were allergic to D. farinae. In the case of D. pteronyssinus, SPT was proved to be more useful in detecting allergy for subjects <50 years old (p < 0.0001). However in case of D. farinae, ImmunoCAP was useful for all age groups, but SPT showed decreased ratio of positive result for subjects >30 years old (p < 0.0001). Conclusion This study was the first to compare results of allergy tests according to age using true allergens. For patients >50 years of age, the ImmunoCAP was found to be the preferred method for detecting allergy to house-dust mites and for patients <30 years old, SPT is the recommended first choice.
Perioperative Continuous Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Monitoring in Patients with Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks: Presentation of a Novel Technique
Authors: Reh Douglas D. , Gallia Gary L. , Ramanathan Murugappan , Solomon David , Moghekar Abhay , Ishii Masaru , Lane Andrew P. 
Published: June 2010

Background A few studies have used direct measurements of cerebral spinal fluid pressure (CSFP) using either lumbar punctures or pressure transducers to evaluate CSFP elevations as a potential etiology in patients with spontaneous CSF leaks. Limitations of these techniques include positional variation, inadequate duration of measurement, and insufficient analysis of waveforms. We propose a novel technique for more accurate measurement of CSFP in patients with spontaneous CSF leaks. Methods Patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea had a lumbar catheter placed for 24-hour CSFP recording before and 72 hours after their endoscopic surgical repair. Heart rate, electrocardiogram, respirations, and oxygen saturation are recorded in addition to CSFP. Mean CSFP as well as the pulse waveform amplitude were calculated. Results Twelve patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea underwent continuous CSFP monitoring. Seven patients had elevations in their CSFP of >25 cm H2O for at least 4% of their recording time during their continuous monitoring. Nine patients had significant oxygen desaturations associated with elevated CSFP. Pulse waveform amplitudes could average 20 cm H2O over several minutes in patients with mean CSFP of <10 cm H2O. Conclusion Perioperative CSFP monitoring provides continuous data including mean and transient elevations in CSFP that can be correlated to other measurements such as oxygen saturation. This data may more accurately identify those CSF leak patients with elevated CSFP as well as correlate these elevations to prognostic clinical information that may improve treatment and outcome after their surgical repair.
Assessing the Risk of Irrigation Bottle and Fluid Contamination after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Lee John M. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Doghramji Laurie L. , Welch Kevin C. , Chiu Alexander G. 
Published: June 2010

Background Saline nasal irrigation has become an important aspect of post-operative care following endoscopic sinus surgery. The objective of this study was to identify the risks of contamination of both the nasal irrigation bottle and fluid following endoscopic sinus surgery. Methods This was a prospective study of consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis. All patients were given nasal irrigation bottles with detailed cleaning instructions preoperatively. Nasal irrigation bottles were collected and cultured at 1 and 2 weeks postoperatively. During the same visit, 5-ml of sterile normal saline was mixed into the irrigation bottle and then cultured separately. Results A total of 20 patients agreed to participate in the study. At 1 week postoperatively, 50% of the bottles had positive cultures with 40% of the irrigation samples testing positive for bacteria. At two weeks, the contamination in the irrigation bottle and fluid decreased to 26.7% and 20%, respectively. The most common bacteria cultured was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There were no cases of postoperative infection. Conclusion Despite detailed cleaning instructions, there is a relatively high risk of bacterial contamination in nasal irrigation bottles and fluid following endoscopic sinus surgery. Although these risks did not translate into higher infection rates postsurgery, it may be important for physicians to emphasize regular cleaning techniques to minimize a potential source of bacterial contaminant exposure.
Outcomes after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Unilateral versus Bilateral Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Lee Jae Yong , Byun Jang Yul , Shim Sung Shine , Lee Seung Won 
Published: June 2010

Background Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a safe and reliable procedure for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and nasal polyposis (NP). Although most cases of CRS with NP occur bilaterally, we occasionally encounter patients with unilateral sinus disease with NP. Because no study has been conducted on the surgical outcomes between unilateral and bilateral CRS with NP after ESS, we evaluated subjective and objective outcomes between patients with unilateral and bilateral CRS with NP. Methods A total of 181 patients diagnosed with CRS with NP were enrolled. Twenty-three patients had unilateral CRS with NP and 158 patients had bilateral disease. The extent of NP, Lund-Mackay score, and involved sinuses were evaluated with nasal endoscopy and preoperative computed tomography (CT). Objective and subjective surgical outcomes were assessed 6 months after ESS, using endoscopic findings, the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 20 (SNOT-20), and visual analog scales. Results The extent of NP and Lund-Mackay score did not differ significantly between the two groups. The SNOT-20 and six main symptom scores included in the questionnaire were significantly improved 6 months postoperatively in both groups, with no significant difference between the groups. However, the unilateral group showed significantly better objective outcomes than the bilateral group. Conclusion Unilateral CRS with NP showed more favorable objective surgical outcomes than bilateral disease. We suggest that the developmental mechanisms of the two disease entities may be different and that bilateral CRS with NP may be more intimately associated with a patient's innate tendency to develop NP.
Pneumothorax induced by radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma beneath the diaphragm under real-time computed tomography-fluoroscopic guidance
Authors: Miura Hiroshi , Yamagami Takuji , Terayama Koshi , Yoshimatsu Rika , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Nishimura Tsunehiko 
Published: June 2010

Background: Various treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beneath the diaphragm have been reported. Transpulmonary radiofrequency (TPRF) ablation for HCC beneath the diaphragm has been developed as a safe treatment, but pneumothorax has been reported as the most common complication of TPRF ablation. Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between the incidence of pneumothorax and various variables after TPRF ablation. Material and Methods: Seventy-six TPRF ablation sessions for unresectable HCC were performed in 66 patients (19 women, 47 men; mean age 69.6 years) under computed tomography (CT)-fluoroscopic guidance between November 2005 and April 2009. All patients had HCC beneath the diaphragm, not visible by ultrasonography. In 62 of the 76 sessions, the number of transpulmonary approaches was one as adequate, while multiple transpulmonary approaches were performed in 14 of the 76 sessions. The rate of pneumothorax and risk factors for pneumothorax were investigated. Results: Among the 76 sessions, pneumothorax was detected in 51 sessions (67.1%). Among the 14 sessions with multiple transpulmonary passages, pneumothorax was detected in 13 (92.9%), while in the 62 sessions with a single transpulmonary passage, pneumothorax occurred in 38 sessions (61.3%). Hence, the number of transpulmonary approaches was a significant factor ( P=0.0232). Among 13 variables investigated for the 62 sessions with a single transpulmonary approach, the only significant factor correlated with the occurrence of pneumothorax was the length of the needle trajectory through the aerated lung ( P=0.0014). The incidence of chest tube placement was 7.9%. Conclusion: Pneumothorax occurred frequently after TPRF ablation for HCC. The main risk factors for pneumothorax after TPRF ablation for HCC were increased length of needle trajectory through the aerated lung and multiple transpulmonary approaches in one session. Even if pneumothorax occurred, pneumothorax disappeared spontaneously or with simple treatment such as manual aspiration in most cases.
Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite on Mortality of Sclerotinia minor Sclerotia
Authors: Wilson J. N. , Wheeler T. A. , Mullinix B. G. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Sclerotia of S. minor are easily transferred from location to location by contaminated soil and plant debris lodged in farm equipment and shoes. Sodium hypochlorite was evaluated as a potential treatment to reduce the spread of this pathogen, and it was lethal to bare sclerotia when immersed in solutions of 6% for 5 min or 3% for 10 min. There was no change of sclerotial viability when sterile water was used to rinse the sclerotia immediately after sodium hypochlorite treatment. For sclerotia placed in field soil, 80 min at 3% NaOCl was lethal in a sandy loam but not in a sandy clay loam, whereas 60 min at 6% was lethal in both soils. To reduce the spread of sclerotia from infested farms, it is recommended that infested items removed from these sites be immersed in 6% sodium hypochlorite for at least 60 min. Since this is impractical for field equipment, removing soil and plant debris with water and containment/isolation of effluent are suggested.
ChemInform Abstract: Infrared Spectra of UO2, UO2+, and UO2‐ in Solid Neon.
Authors: Zhou Mingfei , Andrews Lester , Ismail Nina , Marsden Colin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutron Diffraction Study of Incommensurate Magnetic Order in TbOs2Si2 and HoOs2Si2.
Authors: Kolenda M. , Hofmann M. , Leciejewicz J. , Penc B. , Szytula A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal and Molecular Structures of the Novel, Structurally Different, Cage Compounds P6C4tBu4SiI2 and P6C4tBu4GeI2, Resulting from intra‐Molecular Coupling of Two 1,2,4‐Triphospholyl Rings.
Authors: Avent Anthony G. , Cloke F. Geoffrey N. , Francis Matthew D. , Hitchcock Peter B. , Nixon John F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica Supported Catalysis: A Practical Use of an Iron Lewis Acid.
Authors: Redlich Mark , Mahmood Syed J. , Mayer Michael F. , Hossain M. Mahmun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Suitability of Anion‐Accelerated Oxy‐Cope Rearrangement as a Probe to Study π‐Facial Selectivity. An Experimental Study with (6‐Methyl‐1‐oxa‐4‐thiaspiro[4.5]dec‐6‐en‐7‐yl)(allyl)methanols.
Authors: Yadav Veejendra K. , Jeyaraj Duraiswamy A. , Parvez Masood 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Methoxylation of Nitroarenes and Nitroazaarenes with Alkaline Methoxides via Nucleophilic Displacement of an Aromatic Hydrogen Atom.
Authors: Kawakami Takehiko , Suzuki Hitomi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transetherification of Allylic and Benzylic Ethers in the Presence of Ferric Ion.
Authors: Salehi Peyman , Irandoost Mohsen , Seddighi Behnam , Kargar Behbahani Farahnaz , Poor Tahmasebi Daryush 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Tetrahydropyrido[2,1‐a]isoindolone Synthesis via Carbanionic and Radical Intermediates: A Model Study for the Tacaman Alkaloid D/E Ring Fusion.
Authors: Hunter Roger , Richards Philip 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Reduction of Sulfoxides with 2,6‐Dihydroxypyridine.
Authors: Miller Samantha J. , Collier Talia R. , Wu Weiming 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.