bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milk yield and feeding behaviour responses to two flat-rate levels of concentrate supplementation fed over a period of 8 months to cohorts of grazing dairy cows, differing in genotype, bodyweight, or milk yield
Authors: Raedts Pieter J. M. , Hills James L. 
Published: May 2024

Context In most pasture-based herds in Australia, supplementation with concentrates is normally a flat rate, with quantities determined by average cow requirements, rather than individual-cow requirements. Comparisons between flat rate and individual feeding rarely show advantages such as milk yield benefits for either. However, in pasture-based systems little is understood regarding milk production responses or levels of pasture substitution, when different groups of cows within the herd are fed concentrates at higher supplementation levels. Aims To investigate the effect on milk yield, feeding time, and ruminating time, of two flat-rate supplementation levels of concentrate, fed over 8 months to 180 cows selected for one of three different parameters. Methods Cohorts of cows were selected on contrasting differences for either milk production at the start of lactation, bodyweight, or genotype. Each cohort was divided into two balanced groups receiving either 2 or 6 kg DM/cow.day of concentrate, from approximately 12 days in milk onward. All cows remained part of the main milking herd (total herd size 320 spring-calving cows), with a similar opportunity for all cows to graze pasture or feed on supplemented grass silage during periods of pasture shortage. Milk yield was recorded at each milking and feeding behaviour continuously recorded by MooMonitor+ collars. Results were analysed for three seasonal periods of 10, 12 and 10 weeks (P1, P2 and P3 respectively) commencing in spring. Key results Mean marginal milk response (L milk per 1 kg DM extra of concentrate) over the trial period was 0.88 L, increasing from 0.71 L in P1, to 0.92 L in P2 and 1.03 L in P3. The high-concentrate cohorts recorded reduced feeding time per day of 37 min overall (46, 35 and 29 min for P1, P2 and P3 respectively). Significant differences were found for milk yield and feeding time between several contrasting cohorts. The lowest marginal milk response was for cross-breed cows in P1 with 0.18 L and feeding reduced by 65 min/cow.day, with the contrasting cohort of Friesian cows at a larger marginal response of 0.94 L and smaller feeding time reduction of 32 min/cow.day. Conclusions The differences among cohorts demonstrated potential for targeted concentrate feeding to specific groups of cows that respond differently in marginal milk yield and grazing behaviour. Implications When a significant change is made in strategic amounts of concentrate feeding, the impact not only on marginal milk response should be considered, but also on pasture intake.
Development of high conducting phosphorous doped nanocrystalline thin silicon films for silicon heterojunction solar cells application
Authors: Bhattacharya Shrestha , Pandey Ashutosh , Alam Shahnawaz , Komarala Vamsi Krishna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We have investigated the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition growth of the phosphorus-doped hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (n-nc-Si:H) film as an electron-selective layer in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. The effect of power densities on the precursor gas dissociation are investigated using optical emission spectra and the crystalline fraction in n-nc-Si:H films are correlated with the dark conductivity. With the P
d of 122 mW cm−2 and ∼2% phosphorus doping, we observed Raman crystallinity of 53%, high dark conductivity of 43 S cm−1, and activation energy of ∼23 meV from the ∼30 nm n-nc-Si:H film. The n-nc-Si:H layer improves the textured c-Si surface passivation by two-fold to ∼2 ms compared to the phosphorus-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (n-a-Si:H) layers. An enhancement in the open-circuit voltage and external quantum efficiency (from >650 nm) due to the better passivation at the rear side of the cell after integrating the n-nc-Si:H layer compared to its n-a-Si:H counterpart. An improvement in the charge carrier transport is also observed with an increase in fill factor from ∼71% to ∼75%, mainly due to a reduction in electron-selective contact resistivity from ∼271 to ∼61 mΩ-cm2. Finally, with the relatively better c-Si surface passivation and carrier selectivity, a power conversion efficiency of ∼19.90% and pseudo-efficiency of ∼21.90% have been realized from the SHJ cells.
Thickness dependence of the room-temperature ethanol sensor properties of Cu2O polycrystalline films
Authors: Aparicio-Huacarpuma B D , H Aragón F F , Villegas-Lelovsky L , Soncco C M , Pacheco-Salazar D G , Guerra J A , Morais P C , da Silva S W , Coaquira J A H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the fabrication process of copper thin films via thermal evaporation, with precise control over film thickness achieved through Z-position adjustment. Analysis of the as-fabricated copper films reveals a discernible relationship between grain size (〈D〉) and Z-position, characterized by a phenomenological equation

〈
D

〉
XRD
n

(
Z
)
=
〈
D

〉
0
n

1
+

3
2

r
Z

2

+

15
8

r
Z

4

, which is further supported by a growth exponent (n) of 0.41 obtained from the analysis. This value aligns well with findings in the literature concerning the growth of copper films, thus underlining the validity and reliability of our experimental outcomes. The resulting crystallites, ranging in size from 20 to 26 nm, exhibit a resistivity within the range of 3.3–4.6 μΩ · cm. Upon thermal annealing at 200 °C, cuprite Cu2O thin films are produced, demonstrating crystallite sizes ranging from ∼9 to ∼24 nm with increasing film thickness. The observed monotonic reduction in Cu2O crystallites relative to film thickness is attributed to a recrystallization process, indicating amorphization when oxygen atoms are introduced, followed by the nucleation and growth of newly formed copper oxide phase. Changes in the optical bandgap of the Cu2O films, ranging from 2.31 to 2.07 eV, are attributed mainly to the quantum confinement effect, particularly important in Cu2O with size close than the Bohr exciton diameter (5 nm) of the Cu2O. Additionally, correlations between refractive index and extinction coefficient with film thickness are observed, notably a linear relationship between refractive index and charge carrier density. Electrical measurements confirm the presence of a p-type semiconductor with carrier concentrations of ∼1014 cm−3, showing a slight decrease with film thickness. This phenomenon is likely attributed to escalating film roughness, which introduces supplementary scattering mechanisms for charge carriers, leading to a resistivity increase, especially as the roughness approaches or surpasses the mean free path of charge carriers (8.61 nm). Moreover, ab-initio calculations on the Cu2O crystalline phase to investigate the impact of hydrostatic strain on its electronic and optical properties was conducted. We believe that our findings provide crucial insights that support the elucidation of the experimental results. Notably, thinner cuprite films exhibit heightened sensitivity to ethanol gas at room temperature, indicating potential for highly responsive gas sensors, particularly for ethanol breath testing, with significant implications for portable device applications.
Full color control and patterned display device from cyan/magenta/yellow water-dispersed electrochromic polymer nanoparticles systems
Authors: Lv Xiaojing , Liu Chunyan , Shao Mingfa , Li Jin , Xia Minao , Cui Jiankun , Dong Juncheng , Ouyang Mi , Zhang Cheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Electrochromic polymers (ECPs) have great application potential in flexible displays, and there is an increasing expectation of using green methods to form ECP films. Herein, we propose a modified microemulsion method to prepare cyan/magenta/yellow (C/M/Y) water-dispersed electrochromic polymer nanoparticles (WDEN) systems. Three polymer films (WDECP-C/M/Y) maintain similar electrochemical properties compared to their corresponding organic solvent-based polymer films. It is intriguing that WDECP-C/M/Y exhibit better electrochromic properties in terms of higher cycling stability (97.24%, 95.05%, and 52.84%, respectively) and faster switching time (0.94 s, 1.09 s, and 1.34 s for coloring time, respectively) due to the introduction of nanoparticles. In addition, it can achieve various desired colors by blending the C/M/Y WDEN systems in different ratios. The calculated chromaticity coordinates of the blending polymer films show close values to the experimental observation, and the calculated ΔE

*

ab
values range from 2.6 to 10.3, which may provide theoretical guidance for precisely color control. Finally, large-scale and patterned devices were assembled, which can achieve colored-to-colorless reversible electrochromism at a low driving voltage of 0–1.5 V. This work puts forward a universal and environmentally sustainable strategy to prepare WDEN systems, demonstrating their wide range of applications in display devices and electronic tags.
Uncertainties of nuclear level density estimated using Bayesian neural networks*
Authors: Wang 王 Xinyu 馨钰 , Cui 崔 Ying 莹 , Tian 田 Yuan 源 , Zhao 赵 Kai 凯 , Zhang 张 Yingxun 英逊 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Nuclear level density (NLD) is a critical parameter for understanding nuclear reactions and the structure of atomic nuclei; however, accurate estimation of NLD is challenging owing to limitations inherent in both experimental measurements and theoretical models. This paper presents a sophisticated approach using Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) to analyze NLD across a wide range of models. It uniquely incorporates the assessment of model uncertainties. The application of BNNs demonstrates remarkable success in accurately predicting NLD values when compared to recent experimental data, confirming the effectiveness of our methodology. The reliability and predictive power of the BNN approach not only validates its current application but also encourages its integration into future analyses of nuclear reaction cross sections.
Correlation between the charge radii difference in mirror partner nuclei and thesymmetry energy slope*
Authors: Ma 马 Xiao-Rong 小荣 , Sun 孙 Shuai 帅 , An 安 Rong 荣 , Cao 曹 Li-Gang 李刚 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A correlation between the charge radii difference of mirror partner nuclei

and the slope parameter L of symmetry energy has been built to ascertain the equation of state of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter. In this work, the influences of pairing correlations and isoscalar compression modulus on the

are systematically investigated based on the Skyrme energy density functional theory. The calculated results suggest that the linear correlation between

and L is decreased by the surface pairing correlations. The slope parameter deduced from the difference of charge radii of mirror-pair nuclei 32Ar-32Si, 36Ca-36S, 38Ca-38Ar, and 54Ni-54Fe falls into the range of

−

MeV, that is, the rather soft equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter. Besides, the range of the slope parameter can also be influenced by the effective forces classified by various isoscalar incompressibility coefficients.
Triply degenerate semimetal PtBi2 as van der Waals contact interlayer in two-dimensional transistor
Authors: Wei Bohan , Li Yun , Yun Tinghe , Li Yang , Gui Tianhu , Yu Wenzhi , Mu Hanran , Cui Nan , Chen Weiqiang , Lin Shenghuang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The low-energy electronic excitations in topological semimetal yield a plethora of a range of novel physical properties. As a relatively scarce branch, the research of triple-degenerate semi-metal is mostly confined to the stage of physical properties and theoretical analysis, there are still challenges in its practical application. This research showcases the first application of the triply degenerate semimetal PtBi2 in electronic devices. Leveraging a van der Waals transfer method, PtBi2 flakes were used as interlayer contacts for metal electrodes and WS2 in transistors. The transistor achieved a switching ratio above 106 and average mobility can reach 85 cm2V−1 s−1, meeting integrated circuit requirements. Notably, the excellent air stability of PtBi2 simplifies the device preparation process and provides more stable device performance. Transfer process reduces the Schottky barrier between metal electrodes and semiconductors while avoiding Fermi pinning during metal deposition to achieve excellent contact. This groundbreaking work demonstrates the practical applicability of PtBi2 in the field of electronic devices while opening new avenues for the integration of novel materials in semiconductor technology, setting a precedent for future innovations.
Efficacy of ferric carboxymaltose on haemoglobin response among older patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Richard Nicolas , Arab-Hocine Nadia , Vannier Margot , Leblanc-Boubchir Rachida , Pelaquier Agnès , Boruchowicz Arnaud , Musikas Marietta , Amil Morgane , Fumery Mathurin , Nahon Stéphane , Arotcarena Ramuntcho , Gelsi Eve , Maurin Arnaud , Hébuterne Xavier , Savoye Guillaume 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding (AGIB) is common in older patients but the use of iron in this context remains understudied.

Aims
This study aimed to evaluate prospectively the efficacy of ferric carboxymaltose to treat anaemia in older patients after AGIB.

Methods
This randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 10 French centres. Eligible patients were 65 years or more, had controlled upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding and a haemoglobin level of 9–11 g/dl. Patients were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive either one intravenous iron injection of ferric carboxymaltose or one injection of saline solution. The primary endpoint was the difference in haemoglobin level between day 0 and day 42. Secondary endpoints were treatment-emergent adverse events, serious adverse events, rehospitalisation and improvement of quality of life (QOL) at day 180.

Results
From January 2013 to January 2017, 59 patients were included. The median age of patients was 81.9 [75.8, 87.3] years. At day 42, a significant difference in haemoglobin level increase was observed (2.49 g/dl in the ferric carboxymaltose group vs. 1.56 g/dl in the placebo group, P = 0.02). At day 180, QOL, measured on European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30, improved by 10.5 points in the ferric carboxymaltose group and by 8.2 points in the placebo group (P = 0.56). Rates of adverse events and rehospitalisation were similar in the two groups.

Conclusions
Intravenous iron seems safe and effective to treat anaemia in older patients after AGIB and should be considered as a standard-of-care treatment. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01690585).
Establishing hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia interference limits for body fluid chemistry analytes measured on the Roche cobas instrument
Authors: Block Darci R , Lasho Michael A , Donato Leslie J , Meeusen Jeffrey W 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The aims of this study were to (1) establish the maximum allowable interference limits for hemolysis, lipemia, and icterus for chemistry analytes tested in body fluid samples and (2) assess the effectiveness of serial dilution to mitigate spectral interferences.

Methods
Residual body fluids from clinically ordered testing were mixed (&lt;10% by volume) with stock solutions of interferent (spiked) and compared with a control spiked with an equal volume of 0.9% saline. The analytes were measured on the Roche cobas c501 instrument. Difference and percentage difference were calculated and compared with allowable total error limits. A subset of samples were serially diluted with 0.9% saline. Mean (SD) difference and percentage difference were calculated.

Results
The interference thresholds were lower than the package insert for lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, triglycerides, and total protein for hemolysis; amylase, cholesterol, and total protein for icterus; and albumin for lipemia. Only cholesterol and triglyceride results returned to baseline upon dilution of icteric samples.

Conclusions
Interference thresholds in body fluids were lower than blood for 6 analytes. Diluting interferences that surpass these limits does not produce reliable results that are comparable to the baseline results before spiking in the interferent.
GSScore: a novel Graphormer-based shell-like scoring method for protein–ligand docking
Authors: Guo Linyuan , Wang Jianxin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Protein–ligand interactions (PLIs) are essential for cellular activities and drug discovery. But due to the complexity and high cost of experimental methods, there is a great demand for computational approaches to recognize PLI patterns, such as protein–ligand docking. In recent years, more and more models based on machine learning have been developed to directly predict the root mean square deviation (RMSD) of a ligand docking pose with reference to its native binding pose. However, new scoring methods are pressingly needed in methodology for more accurate RMSD prediction. We present a new deep learning-based scoring method for RMSD prediction of protein–ligand docking poses based on a Graphormer method and Shell-like graph architecture, named GSScore. To recognize near-native conformations from a set of poses, GSScore takes atoms as nodes and then establishes the docking interface of protein–ligand into multiple bipartite graphs within different shell ranges. Benefiting from the Graphormer and Shell-like graph architecture, GSScore can effectively capture the subtle differences between energetically favorable near-native conformations and unfavorable non-native poses without extra information. GSScore was extensively evaluated on diverse test sets including a subset of PDBBind version 2019, CASF2016 as well as DUD-E, and obtained significant improvements over existing methods in terms of RMSE, $R$ (Pearson correlation coefficient), Spearman correlation coefficient and Docking power.
Sex-related cortical asymmetry in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Yang Xiyue , Liu Naici , Sun Hui , Li Xing , Li Hongwei , Gong Qiyong , Lui Su 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Schizophrenia has been considered to exhibit sex-related clinical differences that might be associated with distinctly abnormal brain asymmetries between sexes. One hundred and thirty-two antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients with schizophrenia and 150 healthy participants were recruited in this study to investigate whether cortical asymmetry would exhibit sex-related abnormalities in schizophrenia. After a 1-yr follow-up, patients were rescanned to obtain the effect of antipsychotic treatment on cortical asymmetry. Male patients were found to show increased lateralization index while female patients were found to exhibit decreased lateralization index in widespread regions when compared with healthy participants of the corresponding sex. Specifically, the cortical asymmetry of male and female patients showed contrary trends in the cingulate, orbitofrontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insular cortices. This result suggested male patients showed a leftward shift of asymmetry while female patients showed a rightward shift of asymmetry in these above regions that related to language, vision, emotion, and cognition. Notably, abnormal lateralization indices remained stable after antipsychotic treatment. The contrary trends in asymmetry between female and male patients with schizophrenia together with the persistent abnormalities after antipsychotic treatment suggested the altered brain asymmetries in schizophrenia might be sex-related disturbances, intrinsic, and resistant to the effect of antipsychotic therapy.
Study on the specific photodegradation performance of Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2@MIPs for berberine hydrochloride
Authors: Xiong Junfu , Tian Hao , Li Xicheng , Wang Changzheng , Xu Shoufang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Adsorption is crucial for the performance of photocatalysts in degrading new pollutants. Here, we report a magnetic molecularly imprinted material Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2@MIPs with a semiconductor/insulator/semiconductor structure, which achieved up to 81% preferential degradation of berberine hydrochloride (BH). The significant enhancement of catalytic performance can be attributed to the interaction between BH and the imprinted cavity, as well as size matching, which proposes new solutions to address the current problem of difficult degradation of new pollutants.
Hybrid photocatalyst constructed using polymerized metal complexes and semiconductor powders for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Yamazaki Yasuomi , Maruyama Riku , Kumagai Hiromu , Maeda Kazuhiko , Tsubomura Taro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hybrid photocatalysts prepared by the adsorption of metal complexes on semiconductors via anchoring groups are among notable photocatalysts for selective CO2 reduction using abundant electron donors. However, their photocatalytic activities are limited by their low adsorption amounts and strength. In this study, we demonstrate the reductive polymerization of vinyl groups in metal complexes triggered by excited electrons on semiconductors as a new immobilization method. This approach significantly enhanced the adsorption amount and durability, thus increasing the photocatalytic performance.
Synthesis of hydroxy acids via the light-driven carboxylation of epoxides with CO2
Authors: Maeda Chihiro , Kumemoto Ren , Tanaka Rio , Ema Tadashi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Light-driven ring-opening carboxylation of epoxides with CO2 provided β-hydroxy acids via sequential single electron transfer (SET), followed by reaction with CO2. This reaction condition was applicable to aryl epoxides and oxetanes with (hetero)polycyclic aromatics to give the corresponding β- and γ-hydroxy acids, respectively, with high chemoselectivity.
Development of Simultaneous HPTLC Method and Validation for the Quality Assessment of Ayurvedic Formulation—Ayush Kvatha Churna by Using Marker Compound Rosmarinic Acid, Trans-Cinnamaldehyde and Piperine
Authors: Sahu Umakant , Chauhan Nagendra Singh , Parihar Arun Kumar Singh , Karbhal Kamleshwar Singh , Inchulkar Shrikant R , Gupta Prashant Kumar , Singh Rajesh Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ayurveda emphasizes the propagation of nature in maintaining health. In the present scenario, we have seen the faith of people in herbal drugs during the Covid 19 outbreak. The raises in the number of peoples have been using herbal drugs to boost immunity against infectious diseases shows the popularity of this ancient system of medicine. The standardization of Ayush Kvatha Churna (AKC), work set out to establish a straightforward, accurate and sensitive HPTLC method for the identification and quantification of marker compounds. The Rosmarinic acid, trans-Cinnamaldehyde and Piperine were used for the estimation of markers in Ayush Kvatha Churna by using HPTLC with a solvent system, consisting of Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Ethyl alcohol: Formic acid (5.6:2.4:2: 0.3 v/v/v/v). The Rf value 0.33 for Rosmarinic Acid, 0.69 for Piperine and 0.77 for trans-Cinnamaldehyde was observed and it is exactly complying with the corresponding bands in Ayush Kvatha Churna. The technique has been effectively verified and validated, enabling it to be used for the standardization or quantitative analysis of Rosmarinic acid, trans-Cinnamaldehyde and piperine in Ayush Kvatha Churna.