bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Stroke Centers Should Be Located Using Maximal Coverage Models for Optimal Access
Authors: Leira Enrique C. , Fairchild Geoffrey , Segre Alberto M. , Rushton Gerard , Froehler Michael T. , Polgreen Philip M. 
Published: July 2012

Background and Purpose—
The current self-initiated approach by which hospitals acquire Primary Stroke Center (PSC) certification provides insufficient coverage for large areas of the United States. An alternative, directed, algorithmic approach to determine near optimal locations of PSCs would be justified if it significantly improves coverage.

Methods—
Using geographic location–allocation modeling techniques, we developed a universal web-based calculator for selecting near optimal PSC locations designed to maximize the population coverage in any state. We analyzed the current PSC network population coverage in Iowa and compared it with the coverage that would exist if a maximal coverage model had instead been used to place those centers. We then estimated the expected gains in population coverage if additional PSCs follow the current self-initiated model and compared it against the more efficient coverage expected by use of a maximal coverage model to select additional locations.

Results—
The existing 12 self-initiated PSCs in Iowa cover 37% of the population, assuming a time–distance radius of 30 minutes. The current population coverage would have been 47.5% if those 12 PSCs had been located using a maximal coverage model. With the current self-initiated approach, 54 additional PSCs on average will be needed to improve coverage to 75% of the population. Conversely, only 31 additional PSCs would be needed to achieve the same degree of population coverage if a maximal coverage model is used.

Conclusion—
Given the substantial gain in population access to adequate acute stroke care, it appears justified to direct the location of additional PSCs or recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator-capable hospitals through a maximal coverage model algorithmic approach.
Clinical Experience With Three-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate to Reverse Warfarin Anticoagulation in Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Switzer Jeffrey A. , Rocker Jody , Mohorn Phillip , Waller Jennifer L. , Hughes Douglas , Bruno Askiel , Nichols Fenwick T. , Hess David C. , Natarajan Kavita , Fagan Susan C. 
Published: July 2012

Background and Purpose—
The effectiveness of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) products available in the United States that contain low levels of factor VII (3-factor PCC) has not been tested. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with 3-factor PCC (Profilnine) in the setting of warfarin-associated intracranial hemorrhage (wICH).

Methods—
In November 2007, we implemented a protocol for reversal of anticoagulation in wICH using Profilnine. Additional treatment with fresh-frozen plasma was at the discretion of the treating physician. Medical records of all patients receiving PCC for wICH between November 1, 2007, and December 7, 2011 were reviewed. Correction of the international normalized rate (INR) was defined as an INR <1.4.

Results—
Seventy wICH patients were treated with Profilnine, including 46 (66%) with intraparenchymal hemorrhage, 22 (31%) with subdural hemorrhage, and 2 (3%) with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Mean INR was reduced from 3.36 to 1.96, and in 44 (62.9%) patients the INR corrected to <1.4. Baseline INR ≥3.0 decreased the likelihood of INR correction. Concomitant administration of fresh-frozen plasma (mean, 2.6 U) did not increase the likelihood of INR correction. Seven (10%) patients had serious adverse events during their hospital course, including 2 sudden deaths from suspected pulmonary embolism.

Conclusions—
Reversal of coagulopathy in wICH with Profilnine was incomplete and associated with serious adverse events. In the absence of available 4-factor PCC, options for urgent reversal of anticoagulation in wICH remain limited.
Time to Change What to Sow: Risk Preferences and Technology Adoption Decisions of Cotton Farmers in China
Authors: Liu Elaine M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the role of individual risk attitudes in the decision to adopt a new form of agricultural biotechnology in China. I conducted a survey and a field experiment to elicit the risk preferences of Chinese farmers, who faced the decision of whether to adopt genetically modified Bt cotton a decade ago. In my analysis, I expand the measurement of risk preferences beyond expected utility theory to incorporate prospect theory. I find that farmers who are more risk averse or more loss averse adopt Bt cotton later. Farmers who overweight small probabilities adopt Bt cotton earlier.
Probabilistic Wind Vector Forecasting Using Ensembles and Bayesian Model Averaging
Authors: McLean Sloughter J. , Gneiting Tilmann , Raftery Adrian E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractProbabilistic forecasts of wind vectors are becoming critical as interest grows in wind as a clean and renewable source of energy, in addition to a wide range of other uses, from aviation to recreational boating. Unlike other common forecasting problems, which deal with univariate quantities, statistical approaches to wind vector forecasting must be based on bivariate distributions. The prevailing paradigm in weather forecasting is to issue deterministic forecasts based on numerical weather prediction models. Uncertainty can then be assessed through ensemble forecasts, where multiple estimates of the current state of the atmosphere are used to generate a collection of deterministic predictions. Ensemble forecasts are often uncalibrated, however, and Bayesian model averaging (BMA) is a statistical way of postprocessing these forecast ensembles to create calibrated predictive probability density functions (PDFs). It represents the predictive PDF as a weighted average of PDFs centered on the individual bias-corrected forecasts, where the weights reflect the forecasts’ relative contributions to predictive skill over a training period. In this paper the authors extend the BMA methodology to use bivariate distributions, enabling them to provide probabilistic forecasts of wind vectors. The BMA method is applied to 48-h-ahead forecasts of wind vectors over the North American Pacific Northwest in 2003 using the University of Washington mesoscale ensemble and is shown to provide better-calibrated probabilistic forecasts than the raw ensemble, which are also sharper than probabilistic forecasts derived from climatology.
Outcomes of discharged females versus those waiting for discharge from Vlore Psychiatric Hospital (Albania)
Authors: Carta Mauro Giovanni , Agaj Antonela , Harapej Eljesa , Lecca Maria Efisia , Xhelili Gentiana , Altoé Gianmarco , Mura Gioia , Moro Maria Francesca , Angermeyer Matthias C 
Published: July 2012

Background: This study examines the psychosocial outcomes of women discharged from the Vlore Psychiatric Hospital in Albania. Methods: The study was designed as a controlled, not randomized, follow-up study. It included 16 women diagnosed with psychosis who were discharged from a psychiatric hospital to live in group homes in the community. The control group included 20 women diagnosed with psychosis who lived at the psychiatric hospital while awaiting discharge. All subjects were assessed twice using the HoNOS-Rome tool, at the start of the study (T0) and 12 months later (T1). Results: Both groups showed an improvement in the HoNOS total score between T0 and T1 ( p < .001). This improvement was significantly larger in the Home group compared to the Hospital group ( p = .014). An item-level analysis indicated a significantly greater improvement in the Home group on items 11 (autonomy), 12 (work), 16 (family) and 18 (goals). Conclusions: Projects for social inclusion of people suffering from psychosis must design living spaces that offer viable alternatives to psychiatric hospitals. This study also documents the efforts in the Vlore region of Albania to follow European standards of mental health care.
Polychronicity in modern Madrid: An interview study
Authors: Adams Simon J. , Eerde Wendelien van 
Published: July 2012

This research is the result of 30 interviews with middle-management and senior executives from several different organizations in Madrid. The focus was on different aspects of time use in a professional context: Monophasia or polyphasia, Time tangibility Attention to people. The results indicate that the work style of modern executives in Madrid does not fall clearly into the category of a polychronic (P-time) culture ( Hall, 1959 , 1976 , 1981 & 1990 ) on all the three dimensions, if it ever did so. Spanish business culture in Madrid was found to be definitely polyphasic, more time tangible than was expected, and stressed the aspect of attention to people as a work style.
Serum levels of pancreatic stone protein (PSP)/reg1A as an indicator of beta-cell apoptosis suggest an increased apoptosis rate in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF1A-MODY) carriers from the third decade of life onward
Authors: Bacon Siobhan , Kyithar Ma Peyh , Schmid Jasmin , Rizvi Syed R , Bonner Caroline , Graf Rolf , Prehn Jochen HM , Byrne Maria M 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Mutations in the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-alpha (HNF1A) result in the commonest type of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY). HNF1A-MODY carriers have reduced pancreatic beta cell mass, partially due to an increased rate of apoptosis. To date, it has not been possible to determine when apoptosis is occurring in HNF1A-MODY.We have recently demonstrated that beta cell apoptosis stimulates the expression of the pancreatic stone protein/regenerating (PSP/reg) gene in surviving neighbour cells, and that PSP/reg1A protein is subsequently secreted from these cells. The objective of this study was to determine whether serum levels of PSP/reg1A are elevated during disease progression in HNF1A-MODY carriers, and whether it may provide information regarding the onset of beta-cell apoptosis.

Methods
We analysed serum PSP/reg1A levels and correlated with clinical and biochemical parameters in subjects with HNF1A-MODY, glucokinase (GCK-MODY), and type 1 diabetes mellitus. A control group of normoglycaemic subjects was also analysed.

Results
PSP/reg1A serum levels were significantly elevated in HNF1A-MODY (n = 37) subjects compared to controls (n = 60) (median = 12.50 ng/ml, IQR = 10.61-17.87 ng/ml versus median = 10.72 ng/ml, IQR = 8.94-12.54 ng/ml, p = 0.0008). PSP/reg1A correlated negatively with insulin levels during OGTT, (rho = −0.40, p = 0.02). Interestingly we noted a significant positive correlation of PSP/reg1A with age of the HNF1A-MODY carriers (rho = 0.40 p = 0.02) with an age of 25 years separating carriers with low and high PSP/reg1A levels. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus also had elevated serum levels of PSP/reg1A compared to controls, however this was independent of the duration of diabetes.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that beta cell apoptosis contributes increasingly to the pathophysiology of HNF1A-MODY in patients 25 years and over. PSP/reg1A may be developed as a serum marker to detect increased beta-cell apoptosis, or its therapeutic response.
Chlamydia trachomatis vacuole maturation in infected macrophages
Authors: Sun He Song , Eng Edward W Y , Jeganathan Sujeeve , Sin Alex T-W , Patel Prerna C , Gracey Eric , Inman Robert D , Terebiznik Mauricio R , Harrison Rene E 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Macrophages can suppress Chlamydia replication by targeting the bacteria to degradative organelles such as lysosomes.
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium responsible for one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. In epithelial cells, C. trachomatis resides in a modified membrane-bound vacuole known as an inclusion, which is isolated from the endocytic pathway. However, the maturation process of C. trachomatis within immune cells, such as macrophages, has not been studied extensively. Here, we demonstrated that RAW macrophages effectively suppressed C. trachomatis growth and prevented Golgi stack disruption, a hallmark defect in epithelial cells after C. trachomatis infection. Next, we systematically examined association between C. trachomatis and various endocytic pathway markers. Spinning disk confocal time-lapse studies revealed significant and rapid association between C. trachomatis with Rab7 and LAMP1, markers of late endosomes and lysosomes. Moreover, pretreatment with an inhibitor of lysosome acidification led to significant increases in C. trachomatis growth in macrophages. At later stages of infection, C. trachomatis associated with the autophagy marker LC3. TEM analysis confirmed that a significant portion of C. trachomatis resided within double-membrane-bound compartments, characteristic of autophagosomes. Together, these results suggest that macrophages can suppress C. trachomatis growth by targeting it rapidly to lysosomes; moreover, autophagy is activated at later stages of infection and targets significant numbers of the invading bacteria, which may enhance subsequent chlamydial antigen presentation.
Successful Treatment of Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Peritoneal Dialysis Peritonitis with Intraperitoneal Polymyxin B and Ampicillin-Sulbactam
Authors: Fitzpatrick Margaret A , Esterly John S , Postelnick Michael J , Sutton Sarah H 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii peritoneal dialysis (PD)–associated peritonitis successfully treated with combination antibiotics, including intraperitoneal polymyxin B, with retention of the catheter. CASE SUMMARY: A 54-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease receiving chronic PD and recent antibiotic and hospital exposure presented with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. She was found to have XDR A. baumannii PD peritonitis. Treatment was initiated with intravenous and intraperitoneal ampicillin-sulbactam, followed by the addition of intraperitoneal polymyxin B based on susceptibilities. The patient recovered without the need for catheter removal or switch to hemodialysis. DISCUSSION: The frequency of XDR A. baumannii as a nosocomial pathogen is increasing, and polymyxins are being used more often as part of combination therapy for infections caused by this organism. Neither XDR A. baumannii PD peritonitis nor the use of intraperitoneal polymyxin B has been well described. In our patient, intraperitoneal dosing of polymyxin B was determined based on limited published pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. CONCLUSIONS: A case of XDR A. baumannii PD peritonitis was successfully treated with combination antibiotic therapy, including intraperitoneal polymyxin B, without major complications.
Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Does the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Represent a Rational Therapeutic Target?
Authors: Albiges Laurence , Molinie Vincent , Escudier Bernard 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNon-clear cell renal cell carcinomas (nccRCCs) comprise a heterogenous and poorly characterized group of tumor types for which few treatments have been approved. Although targeted therapies have become the cornerstones of systemic treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, patients with nccRCC have been excluded from many pivotal clinical trials. As such, robust clinical evidence supporting the use of these agents in patients with nccRCC is lacking. Here, we review the disparate nccRCC subtypes, the criteria for diagnosis, and the prognoses associated with each subtype, in addition to evaluating the potential use of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in treating patients with nccRCC. Both genetic analyses and preclinical research indicate a central role for mTOR in nccRCC; a therapy that targets this ubiquitous regulator of cellular signaling could prove efficacious across various tumor subtypes. Results from recent studies exploring targeted therapies as both monotherapy and combination therapy have provided early indications of efficacy in patients with nccRCC. Exploratory analyses support further research with the mTOR inhibitors everolimus and temsirolimus in patients with nccRCC. Current clinical practice guidelines support the use of mTOR inhibitors in patients with nccRCC; however, these recommendations are based on low levels of evidence. Further results from randomized, controlled clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal choice of therapy for patients with nccRCC. Results from ongoing clinical trials of mTOR inhibitors and other agents in nccRCC, as well as their impact on the nccRCC treatment paradigm, are eagerly awaited.
XRD studies of portlandite present in hydrated Portland cement paste
Authors: Zürz A. , Odler I. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis The effect of hydration time, water/solids ratio and addition of melamine sulphonate or naphthalene sulphonate resins on the I(001)/I(101) XRD peak intensity ratio of portlandite formed in the hydration of pure tricalcium silicate or Portland cement was studied. It was found that this ratio does not remain constant and may change with variations of the above factors. As such variations are observed in bulk pastes they cannot be explained by an oriented crystal growth seen on pasteaggregate interfaces and appear to be characteristics of the material.
Some applications of conduction calorimetry to cement hydration
Authors: Bensted John 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis Conduction calorimetry is shown to be a useful technique for examining the hydration behaviour of different types of cement and phenomena such as early stiffening and setting (or thickening). The effects of the surface area of the cement and its aeration upon the hydration process are demonstrated. The influence of accelerating and retarding admixtures on hydration is clearly indicated by the technique.
Effect of ammonium nitrate solution on the structure and strength of cement pastes containing silica fume
Authors: Ðureković A. , Popovic K. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis Ordinary Portland cement pastes containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% of condensed silica fume (csf) were investigated after different times of hydration up to 250 days and after immersion in ammonium nitrate solution. Changes in compressive strength and pore size distribution were monitored and the oligomeric-polymeric fraction in the silica anion size dispersion was estimated. The nitrate solution attacks the structure of the pastes, temporarily increasing the proportion of AFt and AFm phases, and increases the polymerization of the silica anions. X-ray diffraction of the pastes immersed for a long time showed that amorphous calcium silicate hydrates were formed and peaks were identified as belonging to the ferrite phase. In immersed OPC/csf pastes, some minor crystalline components were found which were derived from the added silica fume.
The effect of water/cement ratio, plasticizers and temperature on the rheology of cement grouts
Authors: Domone P. L. , Thurairatnam H. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis The rheological properties of a range of cement grouts have been measured. High shear mixing has resulted in reversible and reproducible flow curves when the grout is tested in a concentric cylinder viscometer. Bingham constants have been calculated from these flow curves. The effects of water/cement ratio, plasticizers, temperature and mixing with fresh and seawater on the rheological properties of ordinary Portland, oilwell B and high alumina cement grouts have been quantified. The prediction of pumping pressures from these properties is discussed.
Effect of aluminium alkoxides on the mechanical properties of calcium aluminate cements at high temperatures
Authors: Sugama T. , Kukacka L. E. , Carciello N. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis The effect of aluminium alkoxides, Al(OR)3, (where R is C2H5, C3H7 or C4H9), on the mechanical properties of calcium aluminate refractory cements at temperatures up to 1000°C was investigated. The magnitude of strength improvement obtained by adding alkoxides to the cement pastes depended on three factors: (1) the number of carbons in the alkoxides; (2) the phase of the transitional aluminium compounds sintered by in situ conversion of sol-gel particles of hydrous aluminium hydroxides over the temperature range 300 to 1000°C; and (3) the molecular mass and the amount of alcohol produced by hydrolysis of the alkoxides.
Experimental techniques for studying hydration reactions of calcium aluminates
Authors: Cabrera J. G. , Plowman C. 
Published: July 2012

Synopsis Methods are described for studying the hydration reactions of calcium aluminates extracted from cement clinkers. The extraction method uses a maleic acid/methanol treatment, followed by aqueous ammonium chloride. Hydration time is controlled by stopping the hydration reaction by immersing the specimen in cold nitrogen vapour. Early-age morphological data are obtained by scanning electron microscopy, and the reaction rate is quantified by an X-ray diffraction procedure, provided that atmospheric carbon dioxide is excluded from the sample.
Early experience with day care stapled Haemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Shah Kunda Bikram , Thapa Bikash Bahadur , Khadka Santosh , Malla Srijan , Rawal Sushil Bahadur , Giri Naresh Kumar , KC Nagendra Bahadur , Rai Sashi 
Published: July 2012

Introducti on: Improvements in anesthesia, pain management, the evolution of minimally invasive surgery and changing attitudes to recovery after surgery have all promoted to the expansion of scope of day care surgery. The use of stapled haemorrhoidectomy is an accepted treatment modality for prolapsing hemorrhoids of varying degree. To evaluate the outcome of patients undergoing stapled hemorrhoidectomy in the early postoperative period with special focus on pain intensity, requirement of analgesic and its feasibility as a day care procedure. Method: Interventional, clinical, hospital based study carried out at Shree Birendra Hospital between November 2010 and May 2011. The feasibility of discharging pati ents on the day of Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy was evaluated. Results: Of the eleven (n=11) patients selected for daycare Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy ten patients (~90%) could be discharged aft er six hours of observation. Conclusion: Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy is a safe and easily mastered technique with superior results in the immediate/ early postoperative period. The initial cost of the stapling device is the main concern but social and economic savings related to a faster recovery may off set the initial cost especially when it is performed on a day care basis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i2.6456 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital July-Dec 2011 10(2) 11-14
Effect of maternal age on fetal weight
Authors: Rana Sadikchya Singh 
Published: July 2012

Introduction: Teenage childbearing is linked to a host of negative social, economic and medical consequences for both mother and child. Maternal mortality among girls under 18 years is two to five times higher than that of women in their 20s. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between maternal age on fetal weight. Method: It was a prospective, hospital based study, carried out in 491 primigravidas with fullterm singleton pregnancy. The study population was divided into two groups, women who were 19 and less than 19 years of age and women who were more than 19 years of age. Fetal weight as the outcome variable was compared between these groups. Results: The age of the mother ranged from 16 to 37 years. 24.8% women in the study population were <19 years of age. Although the difference was not clinically significant (p=0.51), 1/3rd of the mothers who were <19 had low birth weight. Conclusion: the relation of low birth weight and young maternal age could not be proven in this study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i2.6457 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital July-Dec 2011 10(2) 15-17