bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal trends and regional variability in BRAF and KRAS genetic testing in Denmark (2010–2022): Implications for precision medicine
Authors: Frost Matilde Grupe , Jensen Kristoffer Jarlov , Jimenez‐Solem Espen , Qvortrup Camilla , Kuhlmann Tine Plato , Andersen Jon Lykkegaard , Høgdall Estrid , Petersen Tonny Studsgaard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the developments in the testing of Kirsten Rat Sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and v‐Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutations across different cancer types and regions in Denmark from 2010 to 2022.Study design and settingUsing comprehensive data from the Danish health registries, we linked molecular test results from the Danish Pathology Registry with cancer diagnoses from the Danish National Patient Registry between 2010 and 2022. We assessed the frequency and distribution of KRAS and BRAF mutations across all cancer types, years of testing, and the five Danish regions.ResultsThe study included records of KRAS testing for 30 671 patients and BRAF testing for 30 860 patients. Most KRAS testing was performed in colorectal (78%) and lung cancer (18%), and BRAF testing in malignant melanoma (13%), colorectal cancer (67%), and lung cancer (12%). Testing rates and documentation mutational subtypes increased over time. Reporting of wildtype results varied between lung and colorectal cancer, with underreporting in lung cancer. Regional variations in testing and reporting were observed.ConclusionOur study highlights substantial progress in KRAS and BRAF testing in Denmark from 2010 to 2022, evidenced by increased and more specific reporting of mutational test results, thereby improving the precision of cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, persistent regional variations and limited testing for cancer types beyond melanoma, colorectal, and lung cancer highlight the necessity for a nationwide assessment of the optimal testing approach.
Comment on “Sexism in Academia is Bad for Science and a Waste of Public Funding”
Authors: Barner Leonie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA recent comment by Boivin et al. urges academia and governments to address sexism and fight bias at higher education and research institutions as losing female academics is costing science and society too much. Herein, I discuss further underlying reasons of sexism in academia and the importance of a deep dive into the causes of inequity at individual faculty and school levels to develop bespoke and enforceable gender equity plans, the importance of not using basic statistic as the only tool to measure equity/inequity as well as how key performance indicators could be better used to advance gender equity and end sexism in academia.
A hybrid approach for malware detection in SDN‐enabled IoT scenarios
Authors: Souza Cristian H. M. , Arima Carlos H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMalware presents a significant threat to computer systems security, especially in ARM and MIPS architectures, driven by the rise of the internet of things (IoT). This paper introduces Heimdall, a hybrid approach that integrates YARA signatures and machine learning in programmable switches for efficient malware detection in SDN‐enabled IoT environments. The machine learning classifier achieved an accuracy of 99.33% against the IoT‐23 dataset. When evaluated in an emulated environment with real malware samples, Heimdall exhibits a 98.44% detection rate and an average processing time of 0.0217 s.
A Hybrid Model for Fetal Growth Restriction Assessment by Automatic Placental Radiomics on T2‐Weighted MRI and Multifeature Fusion
Authors: Li Ruikun , Song Fuzhen , Zhou Qing , Wu Weibin , Cao Yunyun , Zhang Guofu , Qian Zhaoxia , Wang Lisheng 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundMRI‐based placental analyses have been used to improve fetal growth restriction (FGR) assessment by complementing ultrasound‐based measurements. However, these are still limited by time‐consuming manual annotation in MRI data and the lack of mother‐based information.PurposeTo develop and validate a hybrid model for accurate FGR assessment by automatic placental radiomics on T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and multifeature fusion.Study TypeRetrospective.Population274 pregnant women (29.5  4.0 years) from two centers were included and randomly divided into training (N = 119), internal test (N = 40), time‐independent validation (N = 43), and external validation (N = 72) sets.Field Strength/Sequence1.5‐T, T2WI half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin‐echo pulse sequence.AssessmentFirst, the placentas on T2WI were manually annotated, and a deep learning model was developed to automatically segment the placentas. Then, the radiomic features were extracted from the placentas and selected by three‐step feature selection. In addition, fetus‐based measurement features and mother‐based clinical features were obtained from ultrasound examinations and medical records, respectively. Finally, a hybrid model based on random forest was constructed by fusing these features, and further compared with models based on other machine learning methods and different feature combinations.Statistical TestsThe performances of placenta segmentation and FGR assessment were evaluated by Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), respectively. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe placentas were automatically segmented with an average DSC of 90.0%. The hybrid model achieved an AUROC of 0.923, 0.931, and 0.880 on the internal test, time‐independent validation, and external validation sets, respectively. The mother‐based clinical features resulted in significant performance improvements for FGR assessment.Data ConclusionThe proposed hybrid model may be able to assess FGR with high accuracy. Furthermore, information complementation based on placental, fetal, and maternal features could also lead to better FGR assessment performance.Level of Evidence3.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Innovative direct introduction‐ion mobility–mass spectrometry (DI‐IM‐MS) approach for fast and robust isomer‐specific quantification in a complex matrix: Application to 2′‐fucosyllactose (2’‐FL) in breast milk
Authors: Rathahao‐Paris Estelle , Abdoun Sarah , Paris Alain , Guillon Blanche , Venot Eric , Fenaille François , Adel‐Patient Karine , Alves Sandra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIdentification and specific quantification of isomers in a complex biological matrix by mass spectrometry alone is not an easy task due to their identical chemical formula and therefore their same mass‐to‐charge ratio (m/z). Here, the potential of direct introduction combined with ion mobility–mass spectrometry (DI‐IM‐MS) for rapid quantification of isomers as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) was investigated. Differences in HMO profiles between various analyzed breast milk samples were highlighted using the single ion mobility monitoring (SIM2) acquisition for high ion mobility resolution detection. Furthermore, the Se+ (secretor) or Se− (non‐secretor) phenotype could be assigned to breast milk samples studied based on their HMO contents, especially on the response of 2′‐fucosyllactose (2’‐FL) and lacto‐N‐fucopentaose I (LNFP I). The possibility of quantifying a specific isomer in breast milk by DI‐IM‐MS was also investigated. The standard addition method allowed the determination of the 2’‐FL despite the presence of other oligosaccharides, including 3‐fucosyllactose (3‐FL) isomer in breast milk. This proof‐of‐concept study demonstrated the high potential of such an approach for the rapid and convenient quantification of isomers in complex mixtures.
Full‐color, wide field‐of‐view single‐layer waveguide for augmented reality displays
Authors: Yang Qian , Ding Yuqiang , Wu Shin‐Tson 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the quest for more compact and efficient augmented reality (AR) displays, the standard approach often necessitates the use of multiple layers to facilitate a large full‐color field of view (FoV). Here, we delve into the constraints of FoV in single‐layer, full‐color waveguide‐based AR displays, uncovering the critical roles played by the waveguide's refractive index, the exit pupil expansion (EPE) scheme, and the combiner's angular response in dictating these limitations. Through detailed analysis, we introduce an innovative approach, featuring an optimized butterfly EPE scheme coupled with gradient‐pitch polarization volume gratings (PVGs). This novel configuration successfully achieves a theoretical diagonal FoV of 54.06° while maintaining a 16:10 aspect ratio.
Use of molybdenum in Ni 620 filler metal to influence the microstructure of brazed hot work steel
Authors: Bobzin K. , Heinemann H. , Apel M. , Zhou B. , Erck M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBrazing of hot work steel with nickel‐based filler metals is a widely used process for manufacturing casting tools. However, the formation of brittle phases in the joint impairs its mechanical properties. Reducing these intermetallic phases is an important aspect. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations are used to estimate the change in melting range and apearance of intermetallic phases by adding different amounts of molybdenum to Ni 620. The filler metals are then produced and their solidus and liquidus temperatures are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. Specimens of X37CrMoV5‐1 are then brazed in a vacuum furnace and their microstructure is analysed by scanning electron microscopy/electron dispersive spectroscopy and their hardness properties by nanoindentation. The addition of molybdenum to the Ni 620 filler metal leads to the formation of chromium molybdenum boride rich phases and reduced hardness values in brazed joints. Manipulation of Ni 620 by molybdenum helps to improve relevant properties in brazing hot work steel.
Controlling the weld penetration depth of laser beam micro welding by using an iterative learning approach
Authors: Spurk C. , Hollatz S. , Lipnicki W. , Hummel M. , Gillner A. , Häfner C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn order to meet the increasing demand for high‐speed joining processes, laser beam micro welding is used to reproducibly weld metallic joining partners such as steel. Long weld seams or high cycle speeds, however, remain a challenge to achieve a constant welding depth throughout the entire welding process without major fluctuations. This paper shows the development and evaluation of a weld penetration depth control system based on interferometric measurement of the depth of the vapor capillary. High path speeds and small weld depths are challenging for real‐time depth control. Therefore, the offline data of the interferometric measurements are used to implement an iterative learning control of the weld penetration depth. The quality of the control is verified by welding with and without spatial power modulation on 1.4301 steel while following a linear and sinusoidal trajectory.
Performance evaluation of structurally graded material fabricated through additive manufacturing
Authors: Vellaisamy M. , Pathinettampadian G. , Kannan S. , Subramaniyan M. K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn advanced material known as structurally graded material has composition and structure that gradually alters or changes the quality of material in tandem. Various materials could be used with this idea for structural and practical purpose. By offering practical and affordable solutions for design validation, product prototype, and production of high‐performance functional components, fused deposition modelling, a highly regarded three‐dimensional printing technique, has sparked the industrial advancements. Fiber reinforced polymer (polylactic acid‐based composites) are replacing traditional thermosetting polymers and steel as alternative materials. The aircraft industry and energy industry (gas turbines, structural re‐entry thermal production) both frequently utilize ceramic reinforced polymer. In these applications, ceramic reinforced polymer components must be permanently or temporarily adhered to the surrounding materials. Here, in this research work structurally graded wall is fabricated using carbon fiber reinforced polymer and ceramic reinforced polymer through fused deposition modelling process. This research work for creation of structurally graded material architecture was inspired by idea of merging seemingly incompatible functionalities such as the toughness of carbon fiber reinforced polymer and refractoriness of ceramic reinforced polymer with the relaxing of defects.
Nanomechanical behavior, adhesion and wear resistance of tin oxide coatings for biomedical applications
Authors: Chayoukhi S. , Gassoumi B. , Dhifelaoui H. , Boukhachem A. , Amlouk M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the properties of tin oxide coatings employed in biomedical applications. The films were deposited on a clean glass substrate, preheated at 450 °C, applying the spray pyrolysis technique as the latter produces crystallized thin films without the need for further heat treatment. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that tin oxide films had a tetragonal structure characterized by a preferential orientation (111). The measurements of reflectance and transmittance revealed a wide optical band gap of 4.0 eV. Nanoindentation tests showed that the tin oxide coating, with a hardness of 5.9 GPa and a Young's modulus of 78 GPa, exhibited elastic‐plastic behavior. In addition, tribological tests indicated that tin oxide coating had a very low coefficient of friction (μ=0.06), high wear resistance (wear rate 2.10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1) and good adhesion to the substrate (critical adhesion load of 5.55 N). It was also noticed that tin oxide thin films had antibacterial activity due to their nanocrystalline impurities. These properties make tin oxide perfectly acceptable for biomedical applications.
The oncogenic role and regulatory mechanism of ACAA2 in human ovarian cancer
Authors: Leng Yahui , Tian Tian , Tang Bingbing , Ma Yongqing , Li Zihang , Shi Qin , Liu Jiaqi , Zhou Yang , Wang Wenlong , Huang Chengyang , Zhao Xuan , Feng Wenxiao , Liu Yanni , Liang Jingyin , Liu Tianhui , Liu Song , Ren Qiulei , Liu Jiakun , Zhang Te , Zhou Junsuo , Huang Qian , Zhang Yaling , Yin Bin , Xu Yuewen , Liu Liaoyuan , Shen Li , Zhao Hongyan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAcetyl‐CoAacyltransferase2 (ACAA2) is a key enzyme in the fatty acid oxidation pathway that catalyzes the final step of mitochondrial β oxidation, which plays an important role in fatty acid metabolism. The expression of ACAA2 is closely related to the occurrence and malignant progression of tumors. However, the function of ACAA2 in ovarian cancer is unclear. The expression level and prognostic value of ACAA2 were analyzed by databases. Gain and loss of function were carried out to explore the function of ACAA2 in ovarian cancer. RNA‐seq and bioinformatics methods were applied to illustrate the regulatory mechanism of ACAA2. ACAA2 overexpression promoted the growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer, and ACAA2 knockdown inhibited the malignant progression of ovarian cancer as well as the ability of subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice. At the same time, we found that OGT can induce glycosylation modification of ACAA2 and regulate the karyoplasmic distribution of ACAA2. OGT plays a vital role in ovarian cancer as a function of oncogenes. In addition, through RNA‐seq sequencing, we found that ACAA2 regulates the expression of DIXDC1. ACAA2 regulated the malignant progression of ovarian cancer through the WNT/β‐Catenin signaling pathway probably. ACAA2 is an oncogene in ovarian cancer and has the potential to be a target for ovarian cancer therapy.
Decay mode ripple waves within the (3+1)‐dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation
Authors: Yang Xiangyu , Wang Zhen , Zhang Zhao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a series of ripple waves with decay modes for the
‐dimensions Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, always viewed as nonintegrable KP equation, are investigated. The decay mode wave solutions including ripplon, lump ripples, and lump chain ripples are described by Airy function, and all solutions are constructed from the Gram determinant form. Their propagation dynamics behavior is studied, and a comprehensive analysis of the asymptotic properties of these solutions has been diligently conducted.
L‐Glutamine Substantially Improves 5‐Fluorouracil‐Induced Intestinal Mucositis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Maintaining the Integrity of the Gut Barrier in Mice
Authors: Kuo Ya‐Ru , Lin Cheng‐Hung , Lin Wei‐Sheng , Pan Min‐Hsiung 
Published: April 2024

ScopeThis study investigates the potential of glutamine to mitigate intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis caused by the chemotherapeutic agent 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU).Methods and resultsOver twelve days, Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice are given low (0.5 mg kg−1) or high (2 mg kg−1) doses of L‐Glutamine daily, with 5‐FU (50 mg kg−1) administered between days six and nine. Mice receiving only 5‐FU exhibited weight loss, diarrhea, abnormal cell growth, and colonic inflammation, correlated with decreased mucin proteins, increased endotoxins, reduced fecal short‐chain fatty acids, and altered gut microbiota. Glutamine supplementation counteracted these effects by inhibiting the Toll‐like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/NF‐κB) pathway, modulating nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO‐1) oxidative stress proteins, and increasing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) levels, thereby enhancing microbial diversity and protecting intestinal mucosa.ConclusionsThese findings underscore glutamine's potential in preventing 5‐FU‐induced mucositis by modulating gut microbiota and inflammation pathways.
Rheological characterization and synergistic energy absorption under fluid–solid interaction of shear thickening gel/3D angle interlocking composites
Authors: Liu Zixuan , Zhao Yuwei , Zhang Xiayun , Tian Hongwei , Shi Bao , Chen Zhenhong , Jia Lixia , Han Yuefen , Wei Sainan , Yan Ruosi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study reveals the impact resistance of shear thickening gel (STG) impregnated four‐layer regular angle interlocking fabrics (AIF) composites. The effects of STG parameters, including reaction time, reaction temperature, and reaction ratio, on the rheological characterization and mechanical properties of STG/AIF flexible composites were investigated. The results show that the increase in STG parameters accelerated the formation of BO crosslink bonds within the STG. The energy storage modulus of STG increased by three orders of magnitude for a reaction temperature of 230°C, a reaction time of 9 h, and a reaction ratio of 12.5%. STG had an obvious shear thickening effect. The coupling effect of STG and AIF increases the inter‐yarn friction. The shear thickening effect of STG and the deformation of AIF fabric synergistically absorbed the impact energy, and the energy absorption rate reached 95.6%. The material surface was not significantly damaged after the low‐velocity impact. The STG/AIF flexible composites showed excellent impact energy absorption properties.Highlights
A new high‐energy absorption and impact resistance composite was prepared.
Increased STG reaction ratio and temperature promoted its internal reaction.
B and O atomic interactions enhance the rheological properties of STG.
STG and fabric synergistically improve the impact resistance.
Polycondensation of poly(L‐lactide) alkyl esters combined with disproportionation and symproportionation of the chain lengths
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Weidner Steffen M. , Scheliga Felix 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRing‐opening polymerizations (ROPs) of l‐lactide (LA) were performed with ethyl l‐lactate or 11‐bromoundecanol as initiators (In) and tin(II) ethyl hexanoate (SnOct2) as catalyst (Cat) using four different LA/In ratios (20/1, 40/1, 60/1, and 100/1). One series of ROPs was conducted in bulk at 120 °C, yielding PLAs with low dispersities (Ð ~ 1.2–1.4), and a second series was conducted in bulk at 160 °C, yielding higher dispersities (Ð ~ 1.3–1.9). Samples from both series were annealed for 1 or 14 days at 140 °C in the presence of SnOct2. Both polycondensation and disproportionation reactions occurred, so that all four samples tended to form the same type of molar mass distribution below 10,000 Da, regardless of their initially different number average molar masses (Mn). Both initiators gave nearly identical results. The thermodynamic control of all reversible transesterification processes favored the formation of crystallites composed of chains with a Mn around 3500–3700, corresponding to a crystal thickness of 10–13 nm.
Herbal remedies in the management of hyperuricemia and gout: A review of in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidences
Authors: Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi , Coodian Kaisavadee , Hosenally Muzzammil , Zengin Gokhan , Shariati Mohammad Ali , Abdalla Ashraf N. , Alhazmi Hassan A. , Khuwaja Gulrana , Mohan Syam , Khalid Asaad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGout, or hyperuricemia is a multifactorial and multi‐faceted metabolic disease that is quite difficult to manage and/or treat. Conventional therapies such as non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as allopurinol, corticosteroids and colchicine amongst others, have helped in its management and treatment to some extent. This study aimed to compile and analyze the different herbal remedies used in the management of hyperuricemia and gout. A literature search was conducted from key databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar) using relevant keywords via the PRISMA model. Smilax riparia A.DC. from Traditional Chinese Medicine is used in many countries for its therapeutic effect on lowering serum urate levels. No single study was able to establish the efficacy of a specific traditionally used herb via in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Patients were found to use a panoply of natural remedies, mainly plants to treat hyperuricemia and gout, which have been validated to some extent by in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Nonetheless, further research is needed to better understand the ethnopharmacological relationship of such herbal remedies.
Photon Number Splitting Attack – Proposal and Analysis of an Experimental Scheme
Authors: Ashkenazy Ariel , Idan Yuval , Korn Dor , Fixler Dror , Dayan Barak , Cohen Eliahu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhoton‐number‐splitting (PNS) is a well‐known theoretical attack on quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols that employ weak coherent states produced by attenuated laser pulses. However, beyond the fact that it has not yet been demonstrated experimentally, its plausibility and effect on quantum bit error rate are questioned. In this work, an experimental scheme is presented for PNS attack employing demonstrated technological capabilities, specifically a single‐photon Raman interaction (SPRINT) in a cavity‐enhanced three‐level atomic system. Several aspects of the proposed implementation are addressed, analytically and simulatively, and the eavesdropper's information gain by the attack is calculated. Furthermore, it is analytically shown that the scheme results in a small (yet non‐zero) quantum bit error rate, and a comparison to purely theoretical analyses in the literature is presented. It is believed that the inherent nonlinearity of the PNS attack unavoidably affects the optical modes sent to the receiver, and accordingly will always result in some error rate.