bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental and seed‐position effects on viability and germination of buried seeds of an invasive diaspore‐heteromorphic annual grass
Authors: Wang Ai Bo , Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M. , Ding Jianqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnvironmental factors, such as temperature and moisture, and plant factors, such as seed position on the mother plant, can affect seed viability and germination. However, little is known about the viability and germination of seeds in different positions on the mother plant after burial in soil under natural environmental conditions. Here, diaspores from three positions on a compound spike and seeds from two/three positions in a diaspore of the invasive diaspore‐heteromorphic annual grass Aegilops tauschii were buried at four depths for more than 2 years (1–26 months) under natural conditions and viability and germination monitored monthly. Viability of seeds in each diaspore/seed position decreased as burial depth and duration increased and was associated with changes in soil temperature and moisture. Germination was highest at 2 cm and lowest at 10 cm soil depths, with peaks and valleys in autumn/spring and winter/summer, respectively. Overall, seeds in distal diaspore and distal seed positions had higher germination percentages than those in basal diaspore and basal seed positions, but basal ones lived longer than distal ones. Chemical content of fresh diaspores/seeds was related to diaspore/seed position effects on seed germination and viability during burial. We conclude that seeds in distal diaspores/seed positions have a ‘high risk’ strategy and those in basal positions a ‘low risk’ strategy. The two risk strategies may act as a bet‐hedging strategy that spreads risks of germination failure in the soil seed bank over time, thereby facilitating the survival and invasiveness of A. tauschii.
Potassium deficiency enhances imbalances in rice water relations under water deficit by decreasing leaf hydraulic conductance
Authors: Yang Cheng , Lu Jianwei , Xiong Zhihao , Wang Bin , Ren Tao , Cong Rihuan , Lu Zhifeng , Li Xiaokun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPotassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for appropriate plant development and physiology. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the regulation of leaf water relations by K under water deficit. A pot experiment with two K supplies of 0.45 and 0 g K2O per pot (3 kg soil per pot) and two watering conditions (well‐watered and water‐deficit) was conducted to explore the effects of K deficiency on canopy transpiration characteristics, leaf water status, photosynthesis, and hydraulic traits in two rice genotypes with contrasting resistance to drought. The results showed that K deficiency reduced canopy transpiration rate by decreasing stomatal conductance, which led to higher canopy temperatures, resulting in limited water deficit tolerance in rice. In addition, K deficiency led to further substantial reductions in leaf relative water content and water potential under water deficit, which increased the imbalance in leaf water relations under water deficit. Notably, K deficiency limited leaf gas exchange by reducing leaf hydraulic conductance, but decreased the intrinsic water use efficiency under water deficit, especially for the drought‐resistant cultivar. Further analysis of the underlying process of leaf hydraulic resistance revealed that the key limiting factor of leaf hydraulic conductance under K deficiency was the outside‐xylem hydraulic conductance rather than the xylem hydraulic conductance. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive perspective for assessing leaf water relations under K deficiency, water deficit, and their combined stresses, which will be useful for optimal rice fertilization strategies.
Microbial diagnostics in periodontal diseases
Authors: Manoil Daniel , Parga Ana , Bostanci Nagihan , Belibasakis Georgios N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicrobial analytical methods have been instrumental in elucidating the complex microbial etiology of periodontal diseases, by shaping our understanding of subgingival community dynamics. Certain pathobionts can orchestrate the establishment of dysbiotic communities that can subvert the host immune system, triggering inflammation and tissue destruction. Yet, diagnosis and management of periodontal conditions still rely on clinical and radiographic examinations, overlooking the well‐established microbial etiology. This review summarizes the chronological emergence of periodontal etiological models and the co‐evolution with technological advances in microbial detection. We additionally review the microbial analytical approaches currently accessible to clinicians, highlighting their value in broadening the periodontal assessment. The epidemiological importance of obtaining culture‐based antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of periodontal taxa for antibiotic resistance surveillance is also underscored, together with clinically relevant analytical approaches to guide antibiotherapy choices, when necessary. Furthermore, the importance of 16S‐based community and shotgun metagenomic profiling is discussed in outlining dysbiotic microbial signatures. Because dysbiosis precedes periodontal damage, biomarker identification offers early diagnostic possibilities to forestall disease relapses during maintenance. Altogether, this review highlights the underutilized potential of clinical microbiology in periodontology, spotlighting the clinical areas most conductive to its diagnostic implementation for enhancing prevention, treatment predictability, and addressing global antibiotic resistance.
Seeking the high ground: Exploring advocacy groups' use of policy narratives in the legalization of same‐sex marriage in Taiwan
Authors: Jung Yu‐Heng , Huang Zong‐Xian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdvocacy groups employ narrative strategies and framing techniques to enhance societal support. However, to date, it remains unclear how the dynamics of narrative strategy evolve over time and what factors contribute to these shifts. To fill this research gap, we use the Narrative Policy Framework to analyze the competing advocacy groups' Facebook pages in Taiwan's same‐sex marriage debate from 2016 to 2019. The findings reveal that policy positions offer greater predictive power for the devil–angel shift, yet the utilization of conflict expansion and containment strategies is tied to policy issues, political events, and their intended target audience. Our findings also demonstrate that the phenomenon of policy narrative learning occurs when convergence of potential policy outcome is achieved. Furthermore, this study highlights the role of institutional mechanisms in advocacy through venue shopping, underscoring the contextual nature of advocacy groups' narrative strategies. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the utilization of narrative strategy in addressing a contentious social issue.
Governance transference and shifting capacities and expectations in multi‐stakeholder initiatives
Authors: Järvelä Johanna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe governing attributes of authority, legitimacy, and accountability are essential to any type of governance to be able to function effectively. For public forms of governing, the attributes are part of the structures and institutions of democratic states, for example, through the tripartition of power, voting, and legal structures. For private forms of governance, such as multi‐stakeholder initiatives (MSIs), these attributes need to be built or attained. This paper sets out to examine how MSIs increase their governing capacity through public–private interactions. Empirically, the paper investigates two national MSIs in mining: the Finnish Sustainable Mining Network and the Chilean Dialogo Territorial. I find that as part of the interactions within the governance sphere of mining, the roles, governance capacity, and expectations toward public and private actors are rearranged. I propose the term “governance transference” to denote the shift of authority, legitimacy, and accountability from one governing body to another. This phenomenon occurs through three mechanisms: lending legitimacy, emulating decision‐making, and enmeshing expectations. The findings extend the previous literature on the outcomes of public–private governance interactions and governance spheres.
Delineation of basins and hills by Morse theory and critical nets
Authors: Wolf Gert W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe delineation of two‐dimensional ascending and descending manifolds represents the theoretical basis for a large number of applications in which functions are used to describe phenomena related to climate, economy, or engineering, to mention only a few. Whereas the applications are related to the pits, passes, peaks, courses, ridges, basins, and hills, of mathematical interest are the corresponding critical points, separatrices as well as two‐dimensional ascending and descending manifolds. The present article demonstrates how the boundaries of the latter, which represent the pre‐images of basins and hills, can be characterized in a graph‐theoretic way. An algorithm for their extraction, which is based on a newly proved theorem, is presented together with its implementation in C#. Finally, the modus operandi of the algorithm is illustrated by two examples, thereby demonstrating how it works even in the case of surfaces with topologically complicated structures.
Robust Autonomous Mobile Manipulation for Substation Inspection
Authors: Pearson Erik , Mirisola Benjamin , Murphy Cameron , Huang Christine , O’Leary Connor , Wong Franklin , Meyerson Julia , Bonfim Luisa , Zecca Matthew , Spina Noah , Szenher Paul , Katari Shalemuraju , Bhatt Shiv , Dohi Takumasa , Colarusso Thomas , Gana Thomas , Englot Brendan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The need for autonomous infrastructure inspections performed by mobile robots is becoming increasingly prevalent, to mitigate human error and inspect critical infrastructure with increased frequency, while reducing costs. Electric distribution substations contain a variety of high-power equipment that may occasionally fail, and we focus on inspecting pothead compartments as a representative test case. Frequent measurements of acoustic and transient earth voltage data can indicate degradation before failures occur. Handheld partial discharge (PD) sensors can gather these types of data. Measurements using PD sensors can be automated using a mobile manipulation platform with a custom end-effector. Accurate mapping, localization, and navigation are required to perform autonomous inspection tasks in indoor environments with unmanned ground vehicles. Computer vision and precise manipulator control are necessary for successful handheld sensor interactions. In this paper, we present and analyze a custom-integrated mobile manipulation system capable of performing these functions, which achieves a tradeoff between the small size needed to navigate through low-clearance areas, and the reach capabilities needed to collect the required measurements from pothead compartments.
Rural–Urban Cancer Incidence and Trends in the United States, 2000 to 2019
Authors: Semprini Jason , Gadag Khyathi , Williams Gawain , Muldrow Aniyah , Zahnd Whitney E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Despite consistent improvements in cancer prevention and care, rural and urban disparities in cancer incidence persist in the United States. Our objective was to further examine rural–urban differences in cancer incidence and trends.

Methods:
We used the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries dataset to investigate rural–urban differences in 5-year age-adjusted cancer incidence (2015–2019) and trends (2000–2019), also examining differences by region, sex, race/ethnicity, and tumor site. Age-adjusted rates were calculated using SEER∗Stat 8.4.1, and trend analysis was done using Joinpoint, reporting annual percent changes (APC).

Results:
We observed higher all cancer combined 5-year incidence rates in rural areas (457.6 per 100,000) compared with urban areas (447.9), with the largest rural–urban difference in the South (464.4 vs. 449.3). Rural populations also exhibited higher rates of tobacco-associated, human papillomavirus–associated, and colorectal cancers, including early-onset cancers. Tobacco-associated cancer incidence trends widened between rural and urban from 2000 to 2019, with significant, but varying, decreases in urban areas throughout the study period, whereas significant rural decreases only occurred between 2016 and 2019 (APC = −0.96). Human papillomavirus–associated cancer rates increased in both populations until recently with urban rates plateauing whereas rural rates continued to increase (e.g., APC = 1.56, 2002–2019).

Conclusions:
Rural populations had higher overall cancer incidence rates and higher rates of cancers with preventive opportunities compared with urban populations. Improvements in these rates were typically slower in rural populations.

Impact:
Our findings underscore the complex nature of rural–urban disparities, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and policies to reduce disparities and achieve equitable health outcomes.
As contribuições de Ralph Appelbaum para a museografia brasileira
Authors: Lupo Bianca Manzon 
Published: May 2024

O artigo pretende analisar a extensa colaboração do escritório estadunidense Ralph Appelbaum Associates para a criação de ambientes expositivos no Brasil, com destaque para o Museu da Língua Portuguesa, tendo como base a mobilização dos conceitos de museu narrativo, exposição-show e design integrador. O estudo será articulado em dois momentos: análise dos projetos de RAA tomados como referências para sua implantação no Brasil – Museu do Holocausto e Newseum – e investigação das principais intervenções de Appelbaum no Brasil, buscando refletir sobre o contexto de formação do espaço expositivo contemporâneo mediado pelas tecnologias da comunicação.
A People of the Frontier: An Account of the Āyromlu Tribe between the Qajar, Ottoman, and Russian Empires
Authors: Hobhouse Caspar , Karamustafa Ali Aydin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article offers a translation of the unpublished short historical chronicle of the Āyromlu tribe, a ten-folio manuscript located in the British Library. Entitled Ketābcha-ye tāyefa-ye Āyromlu (The Booklet of the Āyromlu Tribe), it was composed in 1886/1304 in the northwestern borderlands of Qajar Iran by one Mohammad b. Bahrām Khān Āyromlu. Although principally motivated by the author’s desire to obtain salaries and lands that had been taken away from his family by its rivals, the text recounts the fascinating history of the Āyromlu over the course of the Safavid, Afshar, and Qajar eras. Drawing on oral and written sources, the author offers us a picture of tribal life and politics in the Caucasian imperial borderlands between the Ottoman, Iranian, and Russian states.
3. Finding Voice
Authors: Bäckman Mikael 
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores how my own artistic research has informed my practice, not only as a musician, but also as a teacher in higher music education (HME). In my ongoing PhD project, I have investigated how a personal expression, or voice, emerges from a process initiated by transcription and imitation. I have used an analytical perspective, informed by embodied cognition, and built around the concepts of voice and affordance to try to clarify these processes. I have transcribed 13 albums by the iconic country harmonica player Charlie McCoy. Based on these transcriptions, I have analyzed McCoy’s playing style, notably charting his musical idiolect. From my analysis, I found a number of licks and strategies which he often employs. The licks are, I argue, important features of McCoy’s idiolect.
With McCoy’s licks as a point of departure, I have created my own variations of these. This method of deliberately transforming my voice is my way of finding out who I am, and who I want to be, as an artist. Starting with transcriptions gave me a view of the state of the art of country harmonica playing. The next phase of my PhD project has been to implement the knowledge I gained through artistic research, on my instrumental teaching in HME. In order to investigate this further, I have sought to initiate similar processes of formation of voice in my students. I have created a single subject course for harmonica students, where the aim is to explore the process of transcription leading to a formation of an original, unique voice. In the chapter I will present examples from my own artistic study, as well as examples from my study with my harmonica students in HME.
7. Score-Based Learning and Improvisation in Classical Music Performance
Authors: Kharatyan Mariam 
Published: May 2024

This chapter reflects on the author’s artistic path as a classical pianist and her experiences within the artistic research projects Armenian Fingerprints (Kharatyan, 2019) and the ongoing project Armenian Crossroads, the latter project involving music performance students from the Department of Classical Music and Music Education at the University of Agder. With these students, the Armenian Crossroads project explored how the interpretation of scored music can stretch beyond the limitations of Werktreue, by experimenting with co-create approaches and collaborative music making through improvisation.
It is argued that the impact of Werktreue on the teaching and learning of music performance of classical music in most of HMEI’s curricula has strongly suppressed improvisational practices and limited the scope for creativity and unconventional interpretations. The author seeks to challenge the norms in higher music education, and describes two artistic projects that explore new methods, seeking to re-introduce improvisation in classical music performance education. Drawing on interviews with the participating students, the chapter brings forth how students found that the improvisation sessions had (i) stimulated musical creativity; (ii) provided broader perspectives on music performance; (iii) promoted listening and interaction (iv) demanded that each performer accept their vulnerability; (v) provided new musical insights; (vi) increased focus and sense of presence. In conclusion, the chapter proposes that by implementing improvisation and including the students in artistic research projects in performance education, novel and creative approaches to the teaching and learning of musical interpretation can be created.
9. The Musical Object in Deep Learning
Authors: Torleiv Furnes Odd 
Published: May 2024

From August 2020 the Norwegian National Curriculum for primary, lower secondary and upper secondary education and training was replaced. A main concern was to equip students with 21st century competencies aimed at enabling students to transfer and apply knowledge and skills in different contexts. One key aspect in achieving such competencies is that of providing for in-depth or deep learning. While deep learning is defined in slightly different ways in documents leading up to the new curriculum they all emphasise developing an understanding of concepts and relationships in and between subject areas (NOU 2014: 7, s. 7). This involves a break with so-called surface learning based on facts and isolated skills.
This chapter will investigate what it means to provide for deep learning in music by turning to two oppositional frameworks of understanding: on the one side sociocultural learning theories and pragmatic aesthetics and on the other side the more contentious perspectives of musical objectivism and musical autonomy. Within this field of tension, we find to some extent contradictory views on the role of musical knowledge and what this knowledge consists of. Research on perception and musical emotion strongly indicates that bottom-up perspectives are central to musical experience. Thus, taking a sociocultural stance that leans heavily towards a pragmatic and relativistic view on musical knowledge production may inhibit knowledge about, and even acknowledgement of, music as an aesthetic, perceptible object.
10. Rethinking Music Performance Education through the Lens of Today’s Society
Authors: Eidsaa Randi Margrethe , Kharatyan Mariam 
Published: May 2024

This chapter aims to provide insights into the perspectives that arose from the data collection and analysis carried out by the Norwegian team of the Erasmus+ project REACT - Rethinking Music Performance in European Higher Education Music Institutions. The data was collected through a series of small-scale studies, including REACT - network activity at the University of Agder and the Academy of Music in Oslo, and an analysis of reports following the participation of a group of fourteen music performance students in a creative ensemble project at the University of Agder. We also refer to a small curriculum study conducted at the University of Agder. The study addressed some of the educational demands that emerged from extensive international research on music performance curricula and pedagogy in Higher Music Education during the early, mid, and late 2010s.
The chapter highlights novel approaches to music performance, including community-based perspectives, creative ensemble collaborations, and improvisation in students' music education. These approaches aim to address the challenges that students face when pursuing professional careers in music today. The discussion sheds light on the ways in which music education curricula can be strengthened to support students entering their professional music careers and to broaden their musical thinking, thus preparing them to become contributors in society. The chapter references the small-scale research project Music for Microsculptures, an interdisciplinary student concert that reflects the results of data analysis and aspects often commented on in research on music performance curricula in Higher Education.