bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Espaces mobiles et moyens d'existence à la « périphérie mondialisée » du Maroc
Authors: Breuer Ingo 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Les systèmes locaux de survie dans les régions périphériques du Maroc se sont, dans les dernières décennies, en partie détachés des territoires agricoles et nomades traditionnels. Ils se « mobilisent », désormais marqués par une multitude de mobilités spatiales liées à de nouveaux flux d’argent, de biens et d’idées. Au niveau local, on constate une émergence de groupes sociaux utilisant de nouvelles stratégies mobiles, comme des entrepreneurs mobiles, des ouvriers migrants, des éleveurs utilisant des camions etc. Ces dynamiques de changement sont accompagnées par des processus prononcés de polarisation sociale. L’article analyse les rapports multiples entre mobilités spatiales et moyens d’existence. Partant d’une perspective reposant sur l’approche par les moyens d’existence durables, est développée ici une analyse qui explore les « portefeuilles de ressources » de ménages ruraux et permet de rendre visible les inégalités croissantes. Les résultats proposent de nombreux points de réflexion sur les relations dynamiques entre stratégies mobiles, ressources et sécurité existentielle dans un Maroc en pleine transformation.
The Ia.2 Epitope Defines a Subset of Lipid Raft-Resident MHC Class II Molecules Crucial to Effective Antigen Presentation
Authors: Busman-Sahay Kathleen , Sargent Elizabeth , Harton Jonathan A. , Drake James R. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Previous work established that binding of the 11-5.2 anti–I-Ak mAb, which recognizes the Ia.2 epitope on I-Ak class II molecules, elicits MHC class II signaling, whereas binding of two other anti–I-Ak mAbs that recognize the Ia.17 epitope fail to elicit signaling. Using a biochemical approach, we establish that the Ia.2 epitope recognized by the widely used 11-5.2 mAb defines a subset of cell surface I-Ak molecules predominantly found within membrane lipid rafts. Functional studies demonstrate that the Ia.2-bearing subset of I-Ak class II molecules is critically necessary for effective B cell–T cell interactions, especially at low Ag doses, a finding consistent with published studies on the role of raft-resident class II molecules in CD4 T cell activation. Interestingly, B cells expressing recombinant I-Ak class II molecules possessing a β-chain–tethered hen egg lysosome peptide lack the Ia.2 epitope and fail to partition into lipid rafts. Moreover, cells expressing Ia.2− tethered peptide–class II molecules are severely impaired in their ability to present both tethered peptide or peptide derived from exogenous Ag to CD4 T cells. These results establish the Ia.2 epitope as defining a lipid raft-resident MHC class II conformer vital to the initiation of MHC class II-restricted B cell–T cell interactions.
A Functional Role for Nlrp6 in Intestinal Inflammation and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Chen Grace Y. , Liu Maochang , Wang Fuyuan , Bertin John , Núñez Gabriel 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family member, Nlrp6, has been implicated in inflammasome signaling to activate caspase-1, which is essential for the production of mature IL-1β and IL-18. However, a function for Nlrp6 in vivo has never been demonstrated. Due to the relative high expression of Nlrp6 in intestinal tissue, we hypothesized that Nlrp6 has a role in intestinal homeostasis. Indeed, Nlrp6-deficient mice are more susceptible to chemically induced colitis as well as colitis-induced tumorigenesis than wild-type (WT) mice. Nlrp6-deficient mice exhibited significantly more inflammation within the colon than WT mice after dextran sulfate sodium treatment. Their inability to resolve inflammation and repair damaged epithelium as efficiently as WT mice resulted in prolonged increases in epithelial proliferative activity that likely underlie the increased propensity for tumors in these mice during chronic inflammation. We further show that the activity of Nlrp6 in hematopoietic cells is critical for protection against inflammation-related colon tumorigenesis. This study highlights the importance of NLR function in maintaining intestinal homeostasis to prevent the development of aberrant inflammation and tumor development within the colon.
Pegylated Composite Nanoparticles Containing Upconverting Phosphors and meso‐Tetraphenyl porphine (TPP) for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Shan Jingning , Budijono Stephanie J. , Hu Guohong , Yao Nan , Kang Yibin , Ju Yiguang , Prud'homme Robert K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe utilization of upconverting nanophosphors (UCNP) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained significant interests due to its ability to convert deep‐penetrating near‐infra red (NIR) light (i.e., 978 nm) to visible light. Previous attempts to co‐localize UCNPs with photosensitizers suffer from low photo­sensitizer loading and problems with nanoparticle aggregation. Here, the preparation of a novel composite nanoparticle formulation comprising 100 nm β−NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ UCNPs, and meso‐tetraphenyl porphine (TPP) photo­sensitizer, stabilized by biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol‐block‐(dl)lactic acid) block copolymers (PEG‐b‐PLA) is presented. A photosensitizer loading of 10 wt% with respect to UCNP crystal was achieved via the Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP) process. A sterically stabilizing PEG layer on the composite nanoparticle surface prevents nanoparticle aggregation and ensures nanoparticle stability in water, PBS buffer, and culture medium containing serum proteins, resulting in nanoparticle suitable for in vivo applications. Based on in vitro studies utilizing HeLa cervical cancer cell lines, the composite nanoparticles are shown to exhibit low dark toxicity and efficient cancer cell‐killing activity upon NIR excitation. Exposure with 134 W cm−2 of 978 nm light for 45 min resulted in 75% HeLa cell death. This is the first quantification of the cell‐killing capabilities of the UCNP/TPP composite nanoparticles formulated for photodynamic therapy.
Spousal violence and paternal disinvestment among Tsimane' forager‐horticulturalists
Authors: Stieglitz Jonathan , Kaplan Hillard , Gurven Michael , Winking Jeffrey , Tayo Basilio Vie 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives:We develop and test a conceptual model of factors influencing the likelihood of physical wife abuse. The paternal disinvestment model emphasizes that spousal conflict over resource use results from men's attempts to increase individual fitness at a cost to the family (e.g., through pursuit of extramarital affairs). We propose that men use violence to control women's responses to the diversion of resources away from the family: to quell women's objections to male disinvestment, maintain women's parental investment, and to dissuade women from pursuing relationships with other men.Methods:Interviews were conducted among men and women to determine rates of violence and demographic and behavioral covariates. Structural equation modeling and generalized estimating equations analyses were used to test predictions derived from the model. We also collected data on frequent complaints in marriage and women's perceptions of arguments precipitating violence.Results:Over 85% of women experienced physical wife abuse (n = 49). Indicators of paternal disinvestment positively covary with indicators of marital strife and with rates of wife abuse. The wife's age, matrilocal residence, and presence of joint dependent offspring decrease the likelihood of violence through direct and indirect routes.Conclusions:Wife abuse is linked to the importance of paternal investment in human families, and is a means by which men control women's responses to a dual reproductive strategy of familial investment and pursuit of extramarital sexual relationships. This framework is more general than traditional sociological and evolutionary perspectives emphasizing patriarchy and men's sexual jealousy, respectively. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of SPRED1 deletions using RT‐PCR, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification and quantitative PCR
Authors: Spencer Emily , Davis Julia , Mikhail Fady , Fu Chuanhua , Vijzelaar Raymon , Zackai Elaine H , Feret Holly , Meyn M Stephen , Shugar Andrea , Bellus Gary , Kocsis Kristina , Kivirikko Sirpa , Pöyhönen Minna , Messiaen Ludwine 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLegius syndrome, is a recently identified autosomal dominant disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the SPRED1 gene, with individuals mainly presenting with multiple café‐au‐lait macules (CALM), freckling and macrocephaly. So far, only SPRED1 point mutations have been identified as the cause of this syndrome. To determine if copy number changes (CNCs) are a cause of Legius syndrome, we have used a Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) assay covering all SPRED1 exons in a cohort of 510 NF1‐negative patients presenting with multiple CALMs with or without freckling, but no other NF1 diagnostic signs. Four different deletions were identified by MLPA and confirmed by quantitative PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR and/or array CGH: a deletion of exon 1 and the SPRED1 promoter region in a proband and two first‐degree relatives; a deletion of the entire SPRED1 gene in a sporadic patient; a deletion of exon 2‐6 in a proband and her father; and an ∼6.6 Mb deletion on chromosome 15 that spans SPRED1 in a sporadic patient. Deletions account for ∼10% of the 40 detected SPRED1 mutations in this cohort of 510 individuals. These results indicate the need for dosage analysis to complement sequencing‐based SPRED1 mutation analyses. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Balanced information about Down syndrome: What is essential?
Authors: Sheets Kathryn B. , Best Robert G. , Brasington Campbell K. , Will Madeleine C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of genetic counselors and parents of children with Down syndrome to define essential information for the initial discussion of a new diagnosis. We compared information given in both prenatal and postnatal settings, and also aimed to distinguish differences between the informational needs of parents and the information genetic counselors provide. Online surveys were distributed to members of the National Down Syndrome Congress, National Down Syndrome Society, and National Society of Genetic Counselors. Participants included 993 parents of children with Down syndrome and 389 genetic counselors. Participants rated 100 informational features about Down syndrome as Essential, Important, or Not Too Important for inclusion in the first discussion of the diagnosis. Responses identified 34 essential informational items for the initial discussion of Down syndrome, including clinical features, developmental abilities, a range of prognostications, and informational resources. Healthcare providers should consider incorporating these items in their initial discussion of a diagnosis in both prenatal and postnatal settings. Statistically significant differences between parent and genetic counselor responses illustrate that information is valued differently and that parents appreciate information about the abilities and potential of people with Down syndrome, as opposed to clinical details. Balancing clinical information with other aspects of the condition, as well as a better understanding of the information parents consider most important, may enable healthcare professionals to more effectively satisfy families' informational needs following a new diagnosis of Down syndrome. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinctive phenotype in 9 patients with deletion of chromosome 1q24‐q25
Authors: Burkardt Deepika D'Cunha , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Helgeson Maria L. , Angle Brad , Banks Valerie , Smith Wendy E. , Gripp Karen W. , Moline Jessica , Moran Rocio T. , Niyazov Dmitriy M. , Stevens Cathy A. , Zackai Elaine , Lebel Robert Roger , Ashley Douglas G. , Kramer Nancy , Lachman Ralph S. , Graham John M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractReports of individuals with deletions of 1q24 → q25 share common features of prenatal onset growth deficiency, microcephaly, small hands and feet, dysmorphic face and severe cognitive deficits. We report nine individuals with 1q24q25 deletions, who show distinctive features of a clinically recognizable 1q24q25 microdeletion syndrome: prenatal‐onset microcephaly and proportionate growth deficiency, severe cognitive disability, small hands and feet with distinctive brachydactyly, single transverse palmar flexion creases, fifth finger clinodactyly and distinctive facial features: upper eyelid fullness, small ears, short nose with bulbous nasal tip, tented upper lip, and micrognathia. Radiographs demonstrate disharmonic osseous maturation with markedly delayed bone age. Occasional features include cleft lip and/or palate, cryptorchidism, brain and spinal cord defects, and seizures. Using oligonucleotide‐based array comparative genomic hybridization, we defined the critical deletion region as 1.9 Mb at 1q24.3q25.1 (chr1: 170,135,865–172,099,327, hg18 coordinates), containing 13 genes and including CENPL, which encodes centromeric protein L, a protein essential for proper kinetochore function and mitotic progression. The growth deficiency in this syndrome is similar to what is seen in other types of primordial short stature with microcephaly, such as Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type II (MOPD2) and Seckel syndrome, which result from loss‐of‐function mutations in genes coding for centrosomal proteins. DNM3 is also in the deleted region and expressed in the brain, where it participates in the Shank–Homer complex and increases synaptic strength. Therefore, DNM3 is a candidate for the cognitive disability, and CENPL is a candidate for growth deficiency in this 1q24q25 microdeletion syndrome. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mohr's salt catalyzed oxidation of aldehydes with t‐BuOOH
Authors: Chakraborty Debashis , Majumder Chandrima , Malik Payal 
Published: May 2011

AbstractVarious aromatic, aliphatic and conjugated aldehydes were transformed to the corresponding carboxylic acids with 70% t‐BuOOH solution (water) in the presence of catalytic amounts (10 mol%) of Mohr's salt. This method possesses functional group compatibility, does not involve cumbersome work‐up, exhibits chemoselectivity since other functional groups remain intact and proceeds under mild conditions. The resulting products are obtained in good yields within reasonable times. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved procedure for the synthesis of arylboronates by palladium‐catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides and bis(pinacolato)diboron in polyethylene glycol
Authors: Lu Jie , Guan Zhong‐Zhi , Gao Jian‐Wu , Zhang Zhan‐Hui 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA new protocol has been developed for the synthesis of arylboronates by a coupling reaction of aryl halides and bis(pinacolato)diboron using bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride/sodium acetate/polyethylene glycol 600 [Pd(PPh3)2Cl2/NaOAc/PEG 600] as an efficient catalytic system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of poly[methyl methacrylate‐co‐2‐ethylhexyl acrylate‐co‐poly(propylene glycol diacrylate)] latices
Authors: Bajpai Sweta , Rai J. S. P. , Nigam Indira 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe emulsion polymerization of the monomers methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) was studied to investigate the effect of the crosslinkable monomer poly(propylene glycol diacrylate) (PPGDA). IR spectroscopy, NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the synthesized polymers. These polymers were coated on glass panels and cured at appropriate temperatures to study the physical properties, swelling behavior, surface tension, and contact angle of these polymer latices. The results show that as the concentration of EHA monomer increased, the surface tension of the latices decreased. The copolymers were characterized by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy to ensure the absence of unreacted monomer, and the results confirm the incorporation of EHA units in the copolymer. The contact angle of the latices on the glass substrate was smaller than that on the metal. The swelling mechanism of the film showed that the Fickian diffusion coefficient with 10 wt % PPGDA was at a minimum value and was the most highly crosslinked polymer among the samples. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Thermophysical properties of composites formed from ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer and silver‐coated hollow glass microspheres
Authors: Cecen V. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe primary purpose of this study was to prepare a new type of silver‐coated hollow glass microspheres and to make available this facility for the fabrication of thermally conductive polymeric composites based on ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. Thermally conducting composites could be produced with a silver coating around the hollow glass microspheres, despite the low silver volume content. The experimental results are discussed and compared to various theoretical models. The thermal diffusivity and the specific heat of the composites were also characterized and are reported. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Viscoelastic behavior of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene containing glycerin
Authors: Kohga Makoto 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is widely used as a propellant binder. A plasticizer is usually added to improve the processing properties, the mechanical properties, and the burning characteristics of the propellant. Glycerin was found to be an effective additive to improve these properties. The glycerin/HTPB blend was hard enough to act as a binder for the composite propellant when the glycerin/HTPB mole ratio was less than 10. Only a small quantity of glycerin was incorporated into the network structure of the cured HTPB. Most of the added glycerin physically entered the voids in the network of the cured HTPB. Addition of a small quantity of glycerin (mole ratio less than 0.1) significantly altered the network density and the viscoelastic properties of the blends. The properties were only slightly dependent on the amount of the added glycerin in the mole ratio range of 0.1–10. The dangling ends were formed in the HTPB network by the addition of glycerin and the network structure was loosened, thereby enhancing the mobility of the chain segment. The viscoelastic properties of the blends followed the time‐temperature superposition principle, and the properties were estimated accurately by the Williams‐Landel‐Ferry approach. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Dielectric and morphological studies on polyester/nanosilica fume composites
Authors: Abd‐El Messieh S. L. , Rozik Nehad N. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractStyrenated polyester nanocomposites are a class of polymers reinforced with low quantities of well‐dispersed nanoparticles with the aim of offering advantages over conventional composites. Nanosilica fumes with different particle sizes were used as a filler to form polyester nanocomposites. The average particle size was detected with transmission electron microscopy. We used the electrical properties [permittivity (ϵ′), dielectric loss (ϵ″), and electrical conductivity (σ)] to investigate the variation of the properties of the polyester/nanosilica fume composites by varying the filler ratio and particle size as well. The ϵ′, ϵ″, and σ values were found to increase with increasing filler content up to a certain concentration, at which aggregation began to form and after which stability in these properties was attained. The second relaxation time (τ2) associated with the orientation of the aggregates caused by the movement of the main chain was found to be unchanged up to a certain concentration of filler, after which a pronouncing increase in τ2 was noticed. This result found further justification through the scanning electron micrographs. In addition, the values of σ, which were of the order of 10−11 S/cm, make the materials highly recommended for use for insulation purposes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Zinc‐finger protein 145, acting as an upstream regulator of SOX9, improves the differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration and repair
Authors: Liu Tong Ming , Guo Xi Min , Tan Hwee San , Hui James H. , Lim Bing , Lee Eng Hin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) represent one of the most promising stem cell therapies for traumatic injury and age‐related degenerative diseases involving cartilage. However, few genetic factors regulating chondrogenesis of MSCs have been identified. One study showed that zinc‐finger protein 145 (ZNF145), a transcription factor, was up‐regulated during 3‐lineage differentiation of hMSCs. The present study was undertaken to validate whether this novel transcription factor is useful for the repair and regeneration of cartilage.MethodsHuman MSCs were transfected with lentiviral short hairpin RNA (for small interfering RNA knockdown of ZNF145) and a lentiviral vector for overexpression of ZNF145, and the effects of ZNF145 on chondrogenesis were studied using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining. Microarray and transient expression analyses were used to determine whether ZNF145 is a factor operating upstream of SOX9. Allogeneic transplantation of hMSCs into osteochondral defects in rats was performed to determine the effects of ZNF145 on repair of cartilage in vivo.ResultsSmall interfering RNA–mediated gene silencing of ZNF145 slowed down chondrogenesis, whereas overexpression of ZNF145 enhanced chondrogenesis. Global gene expression profiling showed up‐regulated gene expression in ZNF145‐overexpressing MSCs, and transient overexpression of ZNF145 enhanced the expression of SOX9, suggesting that ZNF145 acts as a factor upstream of SOX9, the master regulator of chondrogenesis. Moreover, allogeneic transplantation of hMSCs into osteochondral defects of rat knees showed that ZNF145‐overexpressing MSCs repaired cartilage defects better and earlier than empty control MSCs.ConclusionThese findings suggest that ZNF145 gene therapy may be a very useful strategy for improving the quality of cartilage regeneration and repair.