bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of pituitary tumor‐transforming gene‐1 in thyroid cancer cells by drugs that decrease specificity proteins
Authors: Chintharlapalli Sudhakar , Papineni Sabitha , Lee Syng‐Ook , Lei Ping , Jin Un Ho , Sherman Steven I. , Santarpia Libero , Safe Stephen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMethyl 2‐cyano‐3,11‐dioxo‐18β‐olean‐1,12‐dien‐30‐oate (CDODA‐Me) and the corresponding 2‐trifluoromethyl analog (CF3DODA‐Me) are derived synthetically from the triterpenoid glycyrrhetinic acid, a major component of licorice. CDODA‐Me and CF3DODA‐Me inhibited growth of highly invasive ARO, DRO, K‐18, and HTh‐74 thyroid cancer cells and this was due, in part, to decreased expression of specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 that are overexpressed in these cells. CDODA‐Me and CF3DODA‐Me also decreased expression of Sp‐dependent genes, such as survivin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and induced apoptosis. In addition, pituitary tumor‐transforming gene‐1 (PTTG‐1) protein and mRNA levels were also decreased in thyroid cancer cells treated with CDODA‐Me or CF3DODA‐Me and this was accompanied by decreased expression of PTTG‐1‐dependent c‐Myc and fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) genes. RNA interference studies against Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 proteins showed that in thyroid cancer cells, PTTG‐1 was an Sp‐dependent gene. This study demonstrates for the first time that drugs, such as CDODA‐Me and CF3DODA‐Me, that decrease Sp protein expression also downregulate PTTG‐1 in thyroid cancer cells and therefore have potential for clinical treatment of thyroid cancer and other endocrine neoplasias where PTTG‐1 is a major pro‐oncogenic factor. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perineoscrotal reconstruction using a medial circumflex femoral artery perforator flap
Authors: Karsidag Semra , Akcal Arzu , Sirvan Selami Serhat , Guney Soner , Ugurlu Kemal 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMajor scrotal defects may result from infection due to Fournier's gangrene, excision of scrotal skin diseases, traumatic avulsion of scrotal and penile skin, and genital burns. The wide spectrum of bacterial flora of the perineum, difficulty in providing immobilisation, and obtaining a natural contour of the testes make testicular cover very difficult. Various methods have been reported to cover the penoscrotal area, including skin grafting, transposing them to medial thigh skin, and use of local fasciocutaneous or musculocutaneous flaps. In this report, reconstruction using six local medial circumflex femoral artery perforator (MCFAP) flaps was undertaken in five male patients (mean age, 47 years) with complex penoscrotal or perineal wounds. The cause of the wounds in four patients was Fournier's gangrene, and was a wide papillomateous lesion in the other patient. Flap width was 6–10 cm and flap length was 10–18 cm. The results showed that a MCFAP flap provided the testes with a pliable local flap without being bulky and also protected the testicle without increasing the temperature. The other advantage of the MCFAP flap was that the donor‐site scar could be concealed in the gluteal crease. Our results demonstrated that the MCFAP flap is an ideal local flap for covering penoscrotal defects. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Vascularized medial femoral condyle corticoperiosteal flaps for the treatment of recalcitrant humeral nonunions
Authors: Kakar S. , Duymaz A. , Steinmann S. , Shin A.Y. , Moran S.L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground: Several methods have been used in the management of humeral nonunions. With the advent of modern microsurgical techniques, vascularized bone grafting is becoming increasingly used to improve local biology. We report our experience in the use of a vascularized corticoperiosteal bone flap from the medial femoral supracondylar region in the treatment of recalcitrant humeral nonunions. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all patients treated with this technique over a 4‐year period within our institution. Patient demographics, nonunion characteristics, complications, and long‐term outcomes were analyzed. Results: Six patients underwent vascularized periosteal graft reconstruction. Prior to this, all had failed an average of three procedures with the length of nonunion ranging from 6 to 68 months. All six nonunions healed by an average of 6.8 months (range 2–12 months). Two patients required additional secondary procedures. Functional outcome improved in all patients as adjudged by disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand, Mayo elbow performance, and Constant Murley scores. Conclusions: The vascularized medial femoral condyle corticoperiosteal flap provides an additional treatment option for the management of humeral nonunions. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Repair of bone defect with vascularized tissue engineered bone graft seeded with mesenchymal stem cells in rabbits
Authors: Zhao Mingdong , Zhou Jian , Li Xilei , Fang Taolin , Dai Wenda , Yin Wangping , Dong Jian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study evaluated the results of repair of the radius defect with a vascularized tissue engineered bone graft composed by implanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and a vascular bundle into the xenogeneic deproteinized cancellous bone (XDCB) scaffold in a rabbit model. Sixty‐four rabbits were used in the study. Among them, four rabbits were used as the MSCs donor. Other 57 rabbits were divided into five groups. In group one (n = 9), a 1.5 cm bone defect was created with no repair. In group two (n = 12), the bone defect was repaired by a XDCB graft alone. In group three (n = 12), the defect was repaired by a XDCB graft that included a vascular bundle. In group four (n = 12), the defect was repaired by a XDCB graft seeded with MSCs. In group five (n = 12), the defect was repaired by a XDCB graft including a vascular bundle and MSCs implantation. The rest three rabbits were used as the normal control for the biomechanical test. The results of X‐ray and histology at postoperative intervals (4, 8, and 12 weeks) and biomechanical examinations at 12 weeks showed that combining MSCs and a vascular bundle implantation resulted in promoting vascularization and osteogenesis in the XDCB graft, and improving new bone formation and mechanical property in repair of radius defect with this tissue engineered bone graft. These findings suggested that the vascularized tissue engineered bone graft may be a valuable alternative for repair of large bone defect and deserves further investigations. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Once‐daily administration of trospium chloride extended release provides 24‐hr coverage of nocturnal and diurnal symptoms of overactive bladder: An integrated analysis of two phase III trials
Authors: Ginsberg David A. , Oefelein Michael G. , Ellsworth Pamela I. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAimsOnce‐daily extended release (XR) trospium chloride, which provides therapeutic trospium plasma concentrations over 24 hours, has demonstrated efficacy in treating overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms as evaluated over a 24‐hr period. This analysis examined the effects of trospium XR on diurnal and nocturnal OAB symptoms.MethodsPooled data were analyzed from two identically designed Phase III trials in which patients with OAB were randomized to receive trospium XR 60 mg or placebo once daily in the morning for 12 weeks. Efficacy was assessed using 3‐day urinary diaries. Diurnal events were those occurring from arising from bed in the morning until retiring in the evening; nocturnal events were those occurring from retiring until arising.ResultsIn total, 1,165 patients received trospium XR (N = 578) or placebo (N = 587). At Week 12 comparison of trospium XR versus placebo, a significantly greater mean reduction from baseline in nocturnal voids (−0.8 vs. −0.6; P = 0.006) and diurnal voids (−1.9 vs. −1.4; P < 0.0001) was noted. At Week 12, the mean percent reduction from baseline with trospium XR versus placebo in nocturnal urge urinary incontinence (UUI) episodes (−60.2% vs. −48.3%; P = 0.003) and mean absolute reduction in diurnal UUI episodes (−2.0 vs. −1.5; P < 0.0001) was significantly greater. Predictors of nocturnal response were duration (weeks) and type of therapy (trospium XR vs. placebo). Reductions in nocturnal toilet voids were accompanied by significant improvements in sleep‐related quality of life (QoL) domains.ConclusionsTrospium XR significantly improved both nocturnal and diurnal OAB symptoms. Nocturnal improvements were associated with sleep‐related QoL benefits. These results indicate that the XR formulation of trospium chloride provides effective 24‐hr coverage of OAB symptoms. 30:563–567, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The case of the missing glutamine
Authors: Hancu Ileana , Port John 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA theoretical study was performed to determine the accuracy and repeatability of multiple one‐dimensional pulse sequences in the quantification of glutamine concentration at 3 T. Variable repeatability (12% to > 50%) and significant absolute error (−50% to +70%) were noted for the eight pulse sequences considered. Data acquired in vivo using three of the pulse sequences used for simulation matched the predicted repeatability well; among the pulse sequences considered, point‐resolved spectroscopy (TE = 80 ms) offered minimal error and acceptable repeatability (12%) for brain glutamine measurements. Following correction for the expected bias of each pulse sequence, consistent glutamine measurements, in the 1‐mM range, were reported with the three sequences. An explanation for the mismatch between in vivo 1H MRS and in vitro 13C/1H MRS at high field was attempted. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo MRI of early stage mammary cancers and the normal mouse mammary gland
Authors: Jansen Sanaz A. , Conzen Suzanne D. , Fan Xiaobing , Markiewicz Erica , Krausz Thomas , Newstead Gillian M. , Karczmar Gregory S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSince the advent of screening mammography, approximately one‐quarter of newly diagnosed breast cancers are at the earliest preinvasive stage of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Concomitant with this improvement in early detection has been a growing clinical concern that distinguishing aggressive from indolent DCIS is necessary to optimize patient management. Genetically engineered mouse models offer an appealing experimental framework in which to investigate factors that influence and predict progression of preinvasive neoplasias. Because of the small size of early stage carcinomas in mice, high‐resolution imaging techniques are required to effectively observe longitudinal progression. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of MRI for assessment of in situ mammary neoplasias and early invasive mammary cancers that stochastically arise in mammary glands of C3(1) SV40 Tag transgenic mice. Additionally, images of normal mammary glands from wild‐type FVB/N mice were acquired and compared with those from transgenic mice. Sixteen mice underwent MR examinations employing axial two‐dimensional multi‐slice gradient recalled echo scans (TR/TE =∼1000/5.5 ms) with fat suppression in a two‐step process targeting both the upper and lower mammary glands. MRI successfully detected in situ and early invasive neoplasias in transgenic mice with high sensitivity and specificity. The average signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of in situ lesions on fat‐suppressed high‐resolution T1‐weighted images was 22.9, which was lower than that of invasive tumors, lymph nodes and muscle (average SNR of 29.5–34.9, p < 0.0001) but significantly higher than that of normal mammary tissue (average SNR = 5.5, p < 0.0001). Evaluation of wild‐type mammary glands revealed no cancerous or benign lesions, and comparable image contrast characteristics (average SNR = 5.2) as compared with normal tissue areas of transgenic mice. This present study demonstrates that MRI is an excellent candidate for performing longitudinal assessment of early stage mammary cancer disease progression and response to therapy in the transgenic model system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imaging apolipoprotein AI in vivo
Authors: Sriram Renuka , Lagerstedt Jens O. , Petrlova Jitka , Samardzic Haris , Kreutzer Ulrike , Xie Hongtao , Kaysen George A. , Desreux Jean F. , Thonon David , Jacques Vincent , Van Loan Martha , Rutledge John C. , Oda Michael N. , Voss John C. , Jue Thomas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCoronary disease risk increases inversely with high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) level. The measurement of the biodistribution and clearance of HDL in vivo, however, has posed a technical challenge. This study presents an approach to the development of a lipoprotein MRI agent by linking gadolinium methanethiosulfonate (Gd[MTS‐ADO3A]) to a selective cysteine mutation in position 55 of apo AI, the major protein of HDL. The contrast agent targets both liver and kidney, the sites of HDL catabolism, whereas the standard MRI contrast agent, gadolinium‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid‐bismethylamide (GdDTPA‐BMA, gadodiamide), enhances only the kidney image. Using a modified apolipoprotein AI to create an HDL contrast agent provides a new approach to investigate HDL biodistribution, metabolism and regulation in vivo. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traffic engineering supported by Inherent Network Management: analysis of resource efficiency and cost saving potential
Authors: Haßlinger Gerhard , Nunzi Giorgio , Meirosu Catalin , Fan Changpeng , Andersen Frank‐Uwe 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFuture Internet, inherent traffic and network management as well as the corresponding business aspects are topics of intensive research activity. The combination of those areas is a main focus of Inherent Network Management (INM) as a management framework based on distributed, self‐organizing and autonomous approaches to address new challenges in a trend towards heterogeneous and dynamic future networking environments. We describe the INM design and behaviors especially with regard to advanced monitoring and fast failure response to enable more flexibility in traffic engineering, in order to improve the control and utilization of bandwidth and other network resources. We analyze a case study on the process of upgrading the links in broadband access networks, as a steadily ongoing planning procedure in operational fixed and mobile networks to keep pace with rapidly growing user demand and Internet traffic. Full mesh topologies are considered as a relevant core network structure that allows for an explicit analytical comparison of the resource and cost efficiency with and without optimized load balancing. The results indicate that flexible path design with INM support can increase the admissible throughput or, vice versa, reduce part of the over‐provisioning of routing and transmission capacity with corresponding savings in capital expenditure as well as for operational expenditure due to reduced energy consumption. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technological investment games among wireless telecommunications service providers
Authors: Maillé Patrick , Tuffin Bruno , Vigne Jean‐Marc 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWith the development of new technologies in a competitive context, infrastructure investment and licence purchase as well as existing technology maintenance are crucial questions for current and emerging operators. This paper presents a three‐level game analysing this problem. At the highest level, the operators decide on which technologies to invest, given that some may already own licences or infrastructures. We limit ourselves to the realistic case where technologies are 3G, WiFi and WiMAX. At the intermediate level, with that set of operated technologies fixed, operators determine their service price. Finally, at the lowest level, customers choose their provider depending on the best combination of price and available quality of service. At each level, the best decision of actors depends on the actions of others, the interactions hence requiring to be studied as a (non‐cooperative) game. The model is analysed by backward induction, meaning that decisions at a certain level depend on the equilibria reached at the lower levels. Different real‐life cost scenarios are studied. Our model aims at helping both the operators to make their final decision on technological investments, and the regulator to determine an appropriate licence fee range for a better competition among providers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 3D finite element approach for the coupled numerical simulation of electrochemical systems and fluid flow
Authors: Bauer Georg , Gravemeier Volker , Wall Wolfgang A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA comprehensive finite element method for three‐dimensional simulations of stationary and transient electrochemical systems including all multi‐ion transport mechanisms (convection, diffusion and migration) is presented. In addition, non‐linear phenomenological electrode kinetics boundary conditions are accounted for. The governing equations form a set of coupled non‐linear partial differential equations subject to an algebraic constraint due to the electroneutrality condition. The advantage of a convective formulation of the ion‐transport equations with respect to a natural application of homogeneous flux boundary conditions is emphasized. For one of the numerical examples, an analytical solution for the coupled problem is provided, and it is demonstrated that the proposed computational approach is robust and provides accurate results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A finite element formulation for piezoelectric shell structures considering geometrical and material non‐linearities
Authors: Schulz K. , Klinkel S. , Wagner W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we present a non‐linear finite element formulation for piezoelectric shell structures. Based on a mixed multi‐field variational formulation, an electro‐mechanical coupled shell element is developed considering geometrically and materially non‐linear behavior of ferroelectric ceramics. The mixed formulation includes the independent fields of displacements, electric potential, strains, electric field, stresses, and dielectric displacements. Besides the mechanical degrees of freedom, the shell counts only one electrical degree of freedom. This is the difference in the electric potential in the thickness direction of the shell. Incorporating non‐linear kinematic assumptions, structures with large deformations and stability problems can be analyzed. According to a Reissner–Mindlin theory, the shell element accounts for constant transversal shear strains. The formulation incorporates a three‐dimensional transversal isotropic material law, thus the kinematic in the thickness direction of the shell is considered. The normal zero stress condition and the normal zero dielectric displacement condition of shells are enforced by the independent resultant stress and the resultant dielectric displacement fields. Accounting for material non‐linearities, the ferroelectric hysteresis phenomena are considered using the Preisach model. As a special aspect, the formulation includes temperature‐dependent effects and thus the change of the piezoelectric material parameters due to the temperature. This enables the element to describe temperature‐dependent hysteresis curves. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A prospective study of asthma and subsequent use of hypnotics in young adults
Authors: Karlstad Øystein , Tverdal Aage , Skurtveit Svetlana , Nafstad Per , Furu Kari 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPurposeTo examine whether young adults with asthma are at higher risk of initiating hypnotic use.MethodsThe study population was participants from the Norwegian youth health surveys, where all 10th grade students (15–17 years old) in five counties were invited. 10 164 participants with no prior use of hypnotics were linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database. Four groups were defined based on survey data about ever having had asthma and prescription data on asthma drugs received in the year prior to start of follow‐up: (1) no asthma; (2) not active asthma; (3) active recently developed asthma; and (4) still active asthma. Incidence proportions were estimated as share of participants filling hypnotic prescriptions during 2005–July 2010. Incidence rate ratios (IRR), adjusted for potential confounders (illnesses, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors), were estimated with the number of hypnotic prescriptions filled during 2005–July 2010 as outcome.ResultsThe incidence proportion of filling hypnotic prescriptions was 6.1%, ranging from 5.7% in no asthma group to 9.5% in active recently developed asthma group. Crude IRR was 1.35 (95%CI 0.93–1.95) for not active asthma, 4.18 (1.83–9.55) for active recently developed asthma, and 1.63 (0.85–3.14) for still active asthma, with no asthma as reference. Adjusted IRR for active recently developed asthma group changed to 4.72 (2.07–10.75) while the other groups remained statistically not significant.ConclusionsIn this prospective study of young adults without prior use of hypnotics, an increased risk of initiating hypnotic use was present in asthmatics, especially among those who recently had received asthma drugs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of perfluoroalkylmethacrylate ester‐grafted‐linear low‐density polyethylene on the tribological property of polyoxymethylene–linear low‐density polyethylene composites
Authors: He Junqing , Zhang Ling , Li Chunzhong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this work, perfluoroalkylmethacrylate ester (PFAMAE)‐grafted‐linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) was synthesized by UV‐induced surface graft polymerization. The effect of PFAMAE‐grafted‐LLDPE on the tribological behavior of LLDPE‐filled polyoxymethylene (POM) composite was investigated using a friction and abrasion testing machine. The results showed that LLDPE‐g‐PFAMAE was a more effective modifier in improving tribological property of LLDPE‐filled POM composite than conventional maleic anhydride‐grafted‐polyethylene (PE‐g‐MAH). POM/LLDPE composite possessed much lower friction coefficient but higher wear rate than pristine POM. The incorporation of LLDPE‐g‐PFAMAE into POM/LLDPE further decreased the friction coefficient, which was 45% lower than that of POM. The wear rate of POM/LLDPE/LLDPE‐g‐PFAMAE composite was also reduced and was lower than that of pristine POM. The primary wear mechanisms of POM/LLDPE composite with and without LLDPE‐g‐PFAMAE were adhesive and abrasive wear. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Light‐triggered silicon‐carbon pi'npin devices with self amplification
Authors: Vieira M. A. , Vieira M. , Louro P. , Costa J. , Fantoni A. , Fernandes M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this paper we report the use of a monolithic system that combines the demultiplexing operation with the simultaneous photodetection and self amplification of the signal. The device is a double pi'n/pin a‐SiC:H heterostructure with optical gate connections for light triggering in different spectral regions. Results show that when a polychromatic combination of different pulsed channels impinges on the device the output signal has a strong nonlinear dependence on the light absorption profile, (wavelength, bit rate and intensity). This effect is due to the self biasing of the junctions under unbalanced light generation of carriers. Self optical bias amplification under uniform irradiation and transient conditions is achieved. An optoelectronic model based on four essential elements: a voltage supply, a monolithic double pin photodiode, optical connections for light triggering, and optical power sources for light bias explains the operation of the optical system (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)