bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of Thermostable α‐Amylase from a Newly Isolated Thermophilic Bacillus stearothermophilus GRE 1
Authors: Zakir Hossain S.M. , Haki G.D. , Rakshit S.K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus stearothermophilus GRE 1, isolated from an Ethiopian hyperthermal spring produced a thermostable α‐amylase. Enzyme production in shake flask experiments while using optimum nutrient supplements and environmental conditions was 2.35 U/ml. Under optimized conditions in a bioreactor, 5‐6 fold higher enzyme activity was obtained than that of a shake flask. Gel filtration chromatography yielded a purification factor of 33.62‐fold and a recovery of 46.52%. The optimum temperature for activity was determined to be 60‐70d̀C and optimum pH was in the range of 5.5‐6.0. The enzyme maintained 50% of its original activity after 45 minutes of incubation at 80d̀C, and is stable at pH values of 5.0‐9.0. Enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Cu2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+. The enzyme is calcium independent and 94% and 86% relative activities were displayed with low concentrations of Co2+ and Mg2+, respectively.
Mechanical, Physical and Antimicrobial Characterization of Edible Films Based on Alginate and Chitosan Containing Garlic Oil
Authors: Pranoto Yudi , Rakshit Sudip Kumar , Salokhe Vilas Mahadeo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAntimicrobial edible films based on alginate and chitosan were made by incorporating garlic oil (GO) as a natural agent. With incorporation of GO up to 0.4% there was a decrease in tensile strength and elongation at break, and slight increase in water vapor permeability. Alginate and chitosan films containing GO at levels of 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively are shown to have an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes by using agar diffusion assay. However, when pieces of the film were added into liquid culture of indicator organism, it was found that the GO‐incorporated alginate film exhibited inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, while chitosan films inhibited all three indicator bacteria. The micrographs show the GO is distributed throughout the matrix and indicate that the change in physical characteristics leads to the changes in mechanical properties and water vapor permeability. These results confirmed that GO has good potential for incorporation into edible films for food applications.
Modeling and Dynamic Simulation of Activated Sludge Process in Sequencing Batch Reactor
Authors: Azwar  , Hussain M.A , Ramachandran K.B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a modeling and simulation study of an activated sludge process in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), with emphasis on total nitrogen removal. This study focuses on the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) and the phase length of aeration on the effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen removal in SBR, so that the effluent COD and nitrogen removal can be maintained at the desired values. Simulation results show that operation of a SBR can be optimized by adjusting the DO set point, and that there is a close relationship between the DO concentration and respiration rate.
Minimum Wetting Rates for Falling Films on Stainless Steel
Authors: Morison K. R. , Tandon G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe minimum wetting rate is defined as the minimum mass flowrate per unit circumference that is required to maintain of complete falling film of liquid on a surface. In this work minimum wetting rates in a 48 mm i.d. stainless steel tube were determined jor water, 50% sucrose solution, and reconstituted skim milk under isothermal and heat transfer conditions. It was found that initial distribution of the liquid at the top of the tube was critically important. The minimum wetting rates under isothermal and heat transfer conditions ranged from 0.22 kg m−1 s−1 for 50% sucrose at 20% to 0.12 kg m−1 s−1 for water az 70°C. Nearly all rates decreased with temperature. Equations in the literature did not accurately predict the results obtained.
Evaluation of New Adsorbents and Parametric Analysis for Determining Effectiveness in Sugar Decolourisation
Authors: Games V. G. , Hayashi J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFor a sustainable process, efficient materials and processes must be employed. Batch experiments were used to study the effect of various operating parameters such as the sugar concentration, temperature, adsorbent dose, and pH. In addition, determination of adsorption isotherms and pe∼ormancevaluation of two types of activated carbon, a commercial PICA and a new Maxsorb 3000 activated carbon. An increase in temperature resulted in an increase in the decolourisation rate. Furthermore, the amount of colourants removed, signlficantly increased with the amount of activated carbon; however the efficiency of decolourisation decreased. A 400% increase in activated carbon resulted in a 50% increase in decolourisation. Tests showed that a low pH strongly favours the removal of high molecular weight (HMW) colourants, while basic conditions slightly favour the removal of low molecular weight (LMW) colourants. The in‐situ sorption isotherms measured showed that the new activated carbon is superior to the widely used commercial activated carbon.
Growth Kinetics of Manganese Sulphate from Heating and Salting‐out Batch Crystallisation
Authors: Safaeefar P. , Ang H. M. , Tad? M. O. , Reyhani M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractManganese sulphate crystals can be produced in laboratory‐scale batch crystallisers by either heating or by salting‐out crystallisation. However, manganese sulphate produced through heating forms monohydrate while salting‐out mode will form the tetrahydrate. The effects of various operating conditions including supersaturation, temperature and seed dosage on growth rate of these hydrates were studied. The crystal size distribution of manganese sulphate crystals was determined by Malvern Mastersizer laser diffraction and by using a Nikon microscope with digital camera attached. The growth rate was determined from the time shft of the crystal size distribution expressed in population density numbers and by the moments method. The measurements of the growth of the crystals from ex situ microscopy supported the calculated growth rate. Salting‐out crystallisation resulted in relatively large cubic crystals, and their size and size distribution can be improved by careful control of the operating conditions. However, heating crystallisation produced irregular crystals where controlling the operating conditions has little effect on the final crystal size and size distribution with almost no observable growth.
Physical Modeling and Optimization of Bottom Tuyere Configuration and Blowing Parameters in a Top and Bottom Combined Blowing Converter
Authors: Zhong Liang‐Cai , Lei Zhe‐Long , Ji Chen‐Xi , Zhu Ying‐Xiong , Jiang Mao‐Fa , Chen Jun‐Ying 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOptimizing experiments for the bottom tuyere configuration and blowing parameters of the 120 tonne top and bottom combined blowing converter at Shaoguan Iron & Steel Co. were carried out in a reduced‐scale water model. Results showed that the former configuration with 6 bottom tuyeres in the converter was not suitable with bath stirring because of the two tuyeres arranged in 0.33D pitch circle which caused the cavity deformation and stirring energy loss. Ideal bath stirring in the converter was obtained by using a new arrangement with 4 bottom tuyeres, two being in 0.57D pitch circle and the other two in 0.42D pitch circle. The optimal blowing parameters of the converter with the new bottom tuyere configuration were 1.26 Nm3/h of bottom gas flow rate, 160 mm of top lance height, and 30.52 Nm3/h of top gas flow rate.
Heat Transfer and Inclusion Behavior in Continuous Casting Tundishes
Authors: Zhu Miao‐Yong , Wu Yong‐Lai , Zheng Shu‐Guo , Chen Ya‐Xian , Huang Zong‐Ze 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this study, a mathematical model describing the three‐dimensional turbulent flow, heat transfer and inclusion behavior in continuous casting tundishes was developed. Numerical calculations were performed to study the characteristics of flow, heat transfer and inclusion behavior in a one‐strand tundish with/without flow control. The results show that it is necessary to employ flow control devices in order to improve the effectiveness of removal of nonmetallic inclusions in the tundish. Without flow control, the hot melt ascends and cooled melt descends and then recirculates back to the inlet along the bottom of the tundish. However, the phenomenon of temperature stratification occurs after the steel flow passes through the dam in the tundish. Inclusions with diameter greater than 30 m̈m can be removed in the tundish, and reasonable flow control devices will assist the removal of inclusions of size 20‐25 m̈m.
Chlorination‐Vaporization Reaction of Pb‐Oxychloride in Pyrometallurgical Recycling Process of Dust and Ash
Authors: Wang Nan , Chen Min , Jin Ai‐Jun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA molten salt layer composed of PbO‐PbCl2 is formed when the vaporization rate of PbCl2 is slower than its formation rate. Kinetic analysis has been performed of the chlorination‐vaporization reaction of Pb‐oxychloride in the pyrometallurgical recycling process of dust and ash. Simulation calculations for the bulk diffusion have been carried out, and also by applying the quasi‐steady principle the profiles of relative chemical potentials, compositions, and mass flux across the molten salt as well as the intermediate compound layers of Pb‐oxychloride, have been obtained. For the chlorination‐vaporization reaction, the effects of temperature and Cl‐potential in the gas phase (log(P2HCl / PH 2O) have been evaluated.
A Mathematical Model of the Decarburization in UHP Electric Arc Furnace Charged with Hot Metal
Authors: Jiang Zhou‐Hua , Gong Wei , Wang Wen‐Zhong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA mathematical model is developed based on the reaction kinetics and mass balance to investigate the decarburization rate based on operational parameters of the UHP electric arc furnace charged with hot metal. Thus, the evolution of carbon content can be described accurately, and the carbon content at the end of melting can be controlled dynamically. The calculated results are in good agreement with the production data of a 150 ton DC‐UHP electric arc furnace. Simulated results show that the decarburization rate is proportional to the flow rate of oxygen at high carbon contents, to the square root of carbon content at intermediate carbon contents, and to the carbon content at low carbon contents. The decarburization rate, especially at low carbon contents, can be enhanced by bath agitation. For optimum operating conditions, less oxygen flow rate is required as the carbon content decreases.
Influence of Iron Ore Indirect Reduction on the Transfer Process in Porous Media
Authors: Li Ming‐Chun , Tian Yan‐Wen , Zhai Yu‐Chun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe solid material used in most metallurgical reactions can be considered as porous media consisting of the accumulated pellets. When the fluid flows through the porous media, various chemical reactions may occur between the fluid and solid matrix which have a significant effect on the transfer process in the porous media. Based on derivation of the overall rate formulation of the representative elementary volume (REV), a mathematical model describing the transfer process in the porous media was established. The model was tested numerically by applying the implicit formulation finite volume method. The predictions were validated by comparison with the experimental results and literature data. For the indirect reduction of iron ores, the influence of the flow rate, the particle size, reaction rate, the dimension of the reactor, and the ratio of the Thielet number to the Peclet number on the distribution of gas concentration and the solid conversion degree were analyzed.
Prediction of Multiphase Horizontal Pipe: Flow: A Reassessment: Part I: Evaluation of Two‐Phase Correlations: Part II: Pressure Drop Prediction in Three‐Phase Gas‐Oil‐Water Flows
Authors: Spedding P. L. , Benard E. , Donnelly G. F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPrediction of two‐phase pressure drop using published correlations and a wide data base showed that no single correlation could predict across the whole range of possible flow patterns. Particular difficulty was found in attempting to predict the intermittent SI and BTS patterns. However, successful prediction was achieved for the St + RW, St + RW + D, D and A + RW patterns.Two‐phase pressure drop predictive correlations were extended to the three‐phase situation. Detailed evaluation identified three correlations which gave reasonable prediction of intermittent flow pressure drop. An adaptation is presented that enhances the prediction of these correlations for three‐phase flow. The separated three‐phase patterns could not be predicted to an acceptable standard using these types of correlations.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Crystal Structure of the Carbide Gd10.34Mn12.66C18.
Authors: BOECKER U. A. , JEITSCHKO W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrazolines, Isoxazoles and Cyanopyridines as Potential Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: SHAH M. , PATEL P. , KORGAOKAR S. , PAREKH H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Excellent Stereocontrol in Intramolecular Buchner Cyclizations and Subsequent Cycloadditions; Stereospecific Construction of Polycyclic Systems.
Authors: MAGUIRE A. R. , BUCKLEY N. R. , O'LEARY P. , FERGUSON G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Photooxygenation of Chiral 1,2‐ Dihydronaphthalenes: Evidence for a Common Intermediate in the Ene Reaction and the (4 + 2) Cycloaddition.
Authors: LINKER T. , REBIEN F. , TOTH G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Free Radicals by Electrochemical Reduction of 1,2‐Dihydro‐3‐ nitropyridine Derivatives.
Authors: STRADINS J. , GAVARS R. , BAUMANE L. , VIGANTE B. , DUBURS G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catecholalane (1,3,2‐Benzodioxaluminole) as a Selective Reducing Agent.
Authors: CHA J. S. , CHANG S. W. , LEE J. E. , KIM J. M. , KWON O. O. , LEE H. S. , SONG H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Halocarbamate Salts Lead to More Efficient Catalytic Asymmetric Aminohydroxylation.
Authors: LI G. , ANGERT H. H. , SHARPLES K. B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Catalytic Hydrogenation of n‐Butyl Caprylate.
Authors: SHUIKIN A. N. , KLIGER G. A. , GLEBOV L. S. , MARCHEVSKAYA E. V. , ZAIKIN V. G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Activation of Carbon Dioxide: Synthesis of Carbamates.
Authors: CASADEI M. A. , INESI A. , MICHELETTI MORACCI F. , ROSSI L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Lithiation of Methyl 1‐Naphthyl Sulfide.
Authors: VIJAYABASKAR V. , PERUMAL S. , SELVARAJ S. , DEVANATHAN V. C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Perfluoroalkyldipyrromethanes and Porphyrins Derived Therefrom.
Authors: WIJESEKERA T. P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Some Properties of 1‐Amino‐3‐nitroindazole.
Authors: KUZ'MENKO V. V. , POZHARSKII A. F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of N‐Methylmorpholinium 4‐Aryl‐6‐methyl‐5‐ phenylcarbamoyl‐3‐cyano‐1,4‐dihydropyridine‐2‐thiolates. Molecular and Crystal Structure of 2‐Allylthio‐6‐methyl‐5‐phenylcarbamoyl‐4‐(2‐ chlorophenyl)‐3‐cyano‐1,4‐dihydropyridine.
Authors: DYACHENKO V. D. , KRIVOKOLYSKO S. G. , NESTEROV V. N. , LITVINOV V. P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis and Structure of 3,4‐trans‐6‐Amino‐4‐aryl‐3‐ carbamoyl‐5‐cyano‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridine‐2(1H)thiones.
Authors: RODINOVSKAYA L. A. , SHESTOPALOV A. M. , NESTEROV V. N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinolones Substituted by Different Moieties. Part 4. One‐Step Synthesis of 4,5‐Dihydro‐5‐methyl‐4‐oxopyrazolo(4,5‐c)quinoline.
Authors: ISMAIL M. M. , ABDEL‐HALIM A. M. , ABASS M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Alkyl(Aryl)thio‐3‐cyanopyridines and 3‐ Aminothieno(2,3‐b)‐pyridines.
Authors: KAIGORODOVA E. A. , KONYUSHKIN L. D. , MIKHAILICHENKO S. N. , VASILIN V. K. , KUL'NEVICH V. G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Anionic Cyclizations of Chiral 2,3‐Dihydro‐4‐pyridones: A Five‐Step, Asymmetric Synthesis of Indolizidine 209D.
Authors: COMINS D. L. , ZHANG Y. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of 1,3‐Dimethylthymine with Oxone Catalyzed by 5,10,15,20‐ Tetrakis(4N‐methylpyridiniumyl)porphyrinatomanganese(III) Pentaacetate.
Authors: CHAUHAN S. M. S. , GUPTA M. , GULATI A. , NIZAR P. N. H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Cytosine Schiff Bases.
Authors: DINCER S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Pyrazines. Part 32. Synthesis of Trisubstituted and Tetrasubstituted Pyrazines as Ant Pheromones.
Authors: SATO N. , MATSUURA T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 3‐Propargylmercapto‐1,2,4‐triazine to Thiazolo(2,3‐c) (1,2,4)triazine.
Authors: HERAVI M. M. , BAKAVOLI M. , SHAFAIE M. , SADEGHI M. M. M. , KHOSHDAST A. R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.