bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological characteristics ofAnticarsia gemmatalis(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for three consecutive generations under different temperatures: understanding the possible impact of global warming on a soybean pest
Authors: da Silva D.M. , Hoffmann-Campo C.B. , de Freitas Bueno A. , de Freitas Bueno R.C.O. , de Oliveira M.C.N. , Moscardi F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractClimate changes can affect the distribution and intensity of insect infestations through direct effects on their life cycles. Experiments were carried out during three consecutive generations to evaluate the effect of different temperatures (25°C, 28°C, 31°C, 34°C and 37±1°C) on biological traits of the velvetbean caterpillarAnticarsia gemmatalisHübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The insects were fed on artificial diet and reared in environmental chambers set at 14 h photophase. The developmental cycle slowed with the increase in the temperature, within the 25°C to 34°C range. Male and female longevities were reduced with an increase in temperature from 25°C to 28°C. Egg viability was highest at 25°C, and the sex ratio was not influenced by temperature, in the three generations. There was no interactive effect between development time and temperature on pupal weight. The results suggested that the increase in the temperature negatively impactedA. gemmatalisdevelopment inside the studied temperature range, indicating a possible future reduction of its occurrence on soybean crops, as a consequence of global warming, mainly considering its impact on tropical countries where this plant is cropped.A. gemmataliswas not able to adapt to higher temperatures in a three-generation interval for the studied temperature range. However, a gradual increase and a longer adaptation period may favor insect selection and consequently adaptation, and must be considered in future studies in this area. Moreover, it is important to consider that global warming might turn cold areas more suitable toA. gemmatalisoutbreaks. Therefore, more than a future reduction ofA. gemmatalisoccurrence due to global warming, we might expect changes regarding its area of occurrence on a global perspective.
Genesis of the Chehugou Mo-bearing granitic complex on the northern margin of the North China Craton: geochemistry, zircon U–Pb age and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes
Authors: ZENG QING-DONG , YANG JIN-HUI , LIU JIAN-MING , CHU SHAO-XIONG , DUAN XIAO-XIA , ZHANG ZUO-LUN , ZHANG WEI-QING , ZHANG SONG 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Chehugou granite-hosted molybdenum deposit is typical of the Xilamulun metallogenic belt, which is an important Mo–Ag–Pb–Zn producer in China. A combination of major and trace element, Sr and Nd isotope, and zircon U–Pb isotopic data are reported for the Chehugou batholith to constrain its petrogenesis and Mo mineralization. The zircon SIMS U–Pb dating yields mean ages of 384.7 ± 4.0 Ma and 373.1 ± 5.9 Ma for monzogranite and syenogranite and 265.6 ± 3.5 Ma and 245.1 ± 4.4 Ma for syenogranite porphyry and granite porphyry, respectively. The Devonian granites are calc-alkaline with K2O/Na2O ratios of 0.44–0.52, the Permian granites are alkali-calcic with K2O/Na2O ratios of 1.13–1.25, and the Triassic granites are calc-alkaline and alkali-calcic rocks with K2O/Na2O ratios of 0.78–1.63. They are all enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depleted in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs) with negative Nb and Ta anomalies in primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams. They have relatively high Sr (189–1256 ppm) and low Y (3.87–5.43 ppm) concentrations. The Devonian granites have relatively high initial Sr isotope ratios of 0.7100–0.7126, negative ɛNd(t) values of −12.3 to −12.4 and 206Pb/204Pb ratios of 16.46–17.50. In contrast, the Permian and Triassic granitoids have relatively low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7048–0.7074), negative ɛNd(t) values of −10.1 to −13.1 and 206Pb/204Pb ratios of 17.23–17.51. These geochemical features suggest that the Devonian, Permian and Triassic Chehugou granitoids were derived from ancient, garnet-bearing crustal rocks related to subduction of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean and subsequent continent–continent collision between the North China and Siberian plates.
Nonlinear structure of ion-acoustic solitary waves in a relativistic degenerate electron–positron–ion plasma
Authors: RASHEED A. , TSINTSADZE N. L. , MURTAZA G. , CHAUDHARY R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractArbitrary amplitude and small amplitude ion-acoustic solitary waves (IASWs) have been investigated in a relativistic, collisionless, unmagnetized, and degenerate dense electron–positron–ion plasma. The arbitrary amplitude IASWs have been studied by using the Sagdeev-type pseudo-potential approach. Along with approximate solution, the exact amplitude solitary structure has also been studied numerically. The electrons and positrons are assumed to follow the corresponding Fermi distribution function and the ions are described by the hydrodynamic equations. A new dispersion relation for the ion-acoustic wave has been derived for the relativistic Thomas–Fermi plasma. An energy balance-like equation involving the Sagdeev-type pseudo-potential has been investigated and it has been shown that the concentration of plasma particles has significant effect on the permitted Mach number range of IASWs. Also, it has been pointed out that the only compressional supersonic IASWs can propagate in the relativistic Thomas–Fermi plasma. The present work would be helpful to understand the excitation of the nonlinear ion-acoustic waves in a degenerate plasma, such as in superdense white dwarfs and in the cores of massive planets.
Status of, and conservation recommendations for, the Critically Endangered crested black macaqueMacaca nigrain Tangkoko, Indonesia
Authors: Palacios Juan Francisco Gallardo , Engelhardt Antje , Agil Muhammad , Hodges Keith , Bogia Roger , Waltert Matthias 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe crested black macaqueMacaca nigra, endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia, is categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List and its population in the Tangkoko Nature Reserve is probably the only viable one within its native range. Earlier studies suggested that this population suffered a decline of 75% during 1978–1994. To evaluate its current status we conducted a line transect survey in the Reserve and assessed effects of ecological and anthropogenic variables on macaque abundance and distribution. We estimated a density of 44.9 individuals km-2(95% confidence interval, CI, 25.6–78.8) and a total population of 1,951 individuals (CI 1,113–3,421). This estimate of density is 35% lower than that of 68.7 individuals km-2in 1994. There were moderate to strong correlations between macaque abundance and vegetation structure (basal area and canopy tree density). We observed illegal logging in the area and therefore habitat quality for macaques may be indirectly affected by illegal human activities. If our population estimate is projected linearlyM. nigracould become extinct in Tangkoko within 46 years, highlighting the urgent need to improve management of illegal hunting and logging in the Reserve.
Historical, cultural and social perspectives on luxury seafood consumption in China
Authors: FABINYI MICHAEL 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYSince China is a leading market for a number of types of seafood, and much of this seafood is imported from other countries, Chinese consumption of seafood is an issue of vital importance to many of the world's fisheries. Focusing on luxury seafood, in particular bêche-de-mer, shark fin and live reef food fish, this paper firstly examines the links between Chinese consumption and species population trends in source countries. After a discussion of current efforts at conservation and management of these fisheries, the paper shows how the consumption of luxury seafood in contemporary China is intertwined with broader historical trends, including the expansion of Southern Chinese cuisine; cultural beliefs and traditions, in particular surrounding elements of traditional Chinese medicine; and most importantly, notions of social status and conspicuous consumption linked to the development of the Chinese economy and social stratification. The paper points to the role of the historical, cultural and social processes that underlie Chinese luxury seafood consumption, and to the need for greater levels of action among various actors to address this consumption if sustainability is to be achieved.
Structures of engineered Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin derivatives
Authors: Masuyer Geoffrey , Stancombe Patrick , Chaddock John A. , Acharya K. Ravi 
Published: November 2011

Targeted secretion inhibitors (TSIs) are a new class of engineered biopharmaceutical molecules derived from the botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs). They consist of the metalloprotease light chain (LC) and translocation domain (Hn) of BoNT; they thus lack the native toxicity towards motor neurons but are able to target soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins. These functional fragment (LHn) derivatives are expressed as single-chain proteins and require post-translational activation into di-chain molecules for function. A range of BoNT derivatives have been produced to demonstrate the successful use of engineered SNARE substrate peptides at the LC–Hn interface that gives these molecules self-activating capabilities. Alternatively, recognition sites for specific exoproteases can be engineered to allow controlled activation. Here, the crystal structures of three LHn derivatives are reported between 2.7 and 3.0 Å resolution. Two of these molecules are derivatives of serotype A that contain a SNARE peptide. Additionally, a third structure corresponds to LHn serotype B that includes peptide linkers at the exoprotease activation site. In all three cases the added engineered segments could not be modelled owing to disorder. However, these structures highlight the strong interactions holding the LHn fold together despite the inclusion of significant polypeptide sequences at the LC–Hn interface.
A functional genomics approach to dissect the mode of action of the Stagonospora nodorum effector protein SnToxA in wheat
Authors: VINCENT DELPHINE , DU FALL LAUREN A. , LIVK ANDREJA , MATHESIUS ULRIKE , LIPSCOMBE RICHARD J. , OLIVER RICHARD P. , FRIESEN TIMOTHY L. , SOLOMON PETER S. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYIn this study, proteomics and metabolomics were used to study the wheat response to exposure to the SnToxA effector protein secreted by the fungal pathogen Stagonospora nodorum during infection. Ninety‐one different acidic and basic proteins and 101 metabolites were differentially abundant when comparing SnToxA‐ and control‐treated wheat leaves during a 72‐h time course. Proteins involved in photosynthesis were observed to increase marginally initially after exposure, before decreasing rapidly and significantly. Proteins and metabolites associated with the detoxification of reactive oxygen species in the chloroplast were also differentially abundant during SnToxA exposure, implying that the disruption of photosynthesis causes the rapid accumulation of chloroplastic reactive oxygen species. Metabolite profiling revealed major metabolic perturbations in central carbon metabolism, evidenced by significant increases in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, suggestive of an attempt by the plant to generate ATP and reducing equivalents in response to the collapse of photosynthesis caused by SnToxA. This was supported by the observation that the TCA cycle enzyme malate dehydrogenase was up‐regulated in response to SnToxA. The infiltration of SnToxA also resulted in a significant increase in abundance of many pathogenicity‐related proteins, even in the absence of the pathogen or other pathogen‐associated molecular patterns. This approach highlights the complementary nature of proteomics and metabolomics in studying effector–host interactions, and provides further support for the hypothesis that necrotrophic pathogens, such as S. nodorum, appear to exploit existing host cell death mechanisms to promote pathogen growth and cause disease.
Kangaroo Mother Care helps fathers of preterm infants gain confidence in the paternal role
Authors: Blomqvist Ylva Thernström , Rubertsson Christine , Kylberg Elisabeth , Jöreskog Karin , Nyqvist Kerstin Hedberg 
Published: November 2011

blomqvist y.t., rubertsson c., kylberg e., jöreskog k. & nyqvist k.h. (2012) Kangaroo Mother Care helps fathers of preterm infants gain confidence in the paternal role. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(9), 1988–1996.AbstractAim.  This article is a report on a descriptive study of fathers’ experiences of providing their preterm infants with Kangaroo Mother Care.Background.  During neonatal intensive care, fathers describe the incubator as a barrier and the separation from their infant as stressful. Fathers consider it important to be close to the infant, and performing Kangaroo Mother Care makes them feel an important participant in their infants’ care.Method.  Individual interviews conducted in 2009 with seven fathers who performed Kangaroo Mother Care were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results.  The fathers’ opportunity for being close to their infants facilitated attainment of their paternal role in the neonatal intensive care unit. Kangaroo Mother Care allowed them to feel in control and that they were doing something good for their infant, although the infant’s care could be demanding and stressful. As active agents in their infant’s care, some fathers stayed with the infant during the whole hospital stay, others were at the neonatal intensive care unit all day long. Despite the un‐wished‐for situation, they adapted to their predicament and spent as much time as possible with their infants.Conclusion.  Fathers’ opportunities for Kangaroo Mother Care helped them to attain their paternal role and to cope with the unexpected situation. The physical environment and conflicting staff statements influenced their opportunity for, and experience of, caring for their preterm infants.
Density dependence in group dynamics of a highly social mongoose, Suricata suricatta
Authors: Bateman Andrew W. , Ozgul Arpat , Coulson Tim , Clutton‐Brock Tim H. 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. For social species, the link between individual behaviour and population dynamics is mediated by group‐level demography.2. Populations of obligate cooperative breeders are structured into social groups, which may be subject to inverse density dependence (Allee effects) that result from a dependence on conspecific helpers, but evidence for population‐wide Allee effects is rare.3. We use field data from a long‐term study of cooperative meerkats (Suricata suricatta; Schreber, 1776) – a species for which local Allee effects are not reflected in population‐level dynamics – to empirically model interannual group dynamics.4. Using phenomenological population models, modified to incorporate environmental conditions and potential Allee effects, we first investigate overall patterns of group dynamics and find support only for conventional density dependence that increases after years of low rainfall.5. To explain the observed patterns, we examine specific demographic rates and assess their contributions to overall group dynamics. Although per‐capita meerkat mortality is subject to a component Allee effect, it contributes relatively little to observed variation in group dynamics, and other (conventionally density dependent) demographic rates – especially emigration – govern group dynamics.6. Our findings highlight the need to consider demographic processes and density dependence in subpopulations before drawing conclusions about how behaviour affects population processes in socially complex systems.
Functional and structural effects of seven‐residue deletions on the coiled‐coil cytoplasmic domain of a chemoreceptor
Authors: Massazza Diego A. , Izzo Silvina A. , Gasperotti A. Florencia , Herrera Seitz M. Karina , Studdert Claudia A. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryChemoreceptors transmit signals from the environment to the flagellar motors via a histidine kinase that controls the phosphorylation level of the effector protein CheY. The cytoplasmic domain of chemoreceptors is strongly conserved and consists of a long alpha‐helical hairpin that forms, in the dimer, a coiled‐coil four‐helix bundle. Changes in this domain during evolution are characterized by the presence of seven‐residue insertions/deletions located symmetrically with respect to the hairpin turn, suggesting that specific interactions between the helices that form the hairpin are required for function. We assessed the impact of seven‐residue deletions on the signalling ability and higher‐order organization of the serine chemoreceptor from Escherichia coli. Our results indicate that symmetry alterations between the two branches of the cytoplasmic hairpin seriously compromise chemoreceptor function. Shorter functional versions of Tsr with symmetrical deletions form mixed trimers of dimers when coexpressed with Tar, the aspartate receptor of E. coli. However, Tar function in those cells is impaired, suggesting that the length difference between receptors introduces non‐functional distortions into the chemoreceptor cluster. This observation is reinforced by the analysis of coexpression of Tar with chemoreceptors from Rhodobacter sphaeroides that naturally belong to a shorter‐length class.
Effect of Oestradiol on Mast Cell Number and Histamine Level in the Mammary Glands of Rat
Authors: Jing H. , Wang Z. , Chen Y. 
Published: November 2011

With 3 figuresSummaryVariations of mast cell number, histamine concentration and oestrogen receptor (ER) expression in mammary glands with the fluctuation of plasma oestradiol level were identified either in the intact rats at different oestrous stages or in the ovary‐ectomized rats administrated with different doses of oestradiol benzoate. The results showed that the number of mast cells and histamine concentration fluctuated concomitantly with plasma oestradiol level during the oestrous cycle. More mast cell number and higher histamine concentrations were observed in the oestrous stage than that in the prooestrous and dioestrous stages. Ovariectomy decreased the mast cell number and histamine concentration, which were reconstituted by exogenous oestradiol. ER was mainly found in the nuclear of epithelial cells and interstitial cells of mammary glands. In addition, ER was also expressed in the cytoplasm of some stromal cells. These stromal cells were verified to be mast cells. In conclusion, our results suggested that oestradiol modulated mast cell number and its degranulation in the mammary gland through the ERs pathway.
Medical management of children with achondroplasia: Evaluation of an Australasian cohort aged 0–5 years
Authors: Ireland Penelope J , Johnson Sarah , Donaghey Samantha , Johnston Leanne , Ware Robert S , Zankl Andreas , Pacey Verity , Ault Jenny , Savarirayan Ravi , Sillence David , Thompson Elizabeth , Townshend Sharron , McGill James 
Published: November 2011

Aims:  Achondroplasia is the most common form of osteochondrodysplasia and is associated with a number of life‐threatening complications. The complexity of the condition led to the development of Heath Supervision Guidelines published by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1995 and revised in 2005. There remains limited population‐based information on utilisation of medical and therapy services for children with achondroplasia. Increased information regarding use of these services will assist in future service development.Methods:  Data regarding frequency and timing of medical and allied health consultations, investigations and interventions were collected from 53 Australasian families via questionnaire, based on recommendations of the Health Supervision Guidelines, an expert reference group and literature review.Results:  Rates varied with age for medical consultations (geneticist, paediatric rehabilitation physician/paediatrician, respiratory physician, orthopaedic consultant, neurologist, neurosurgeon), medical investigations (sleep study, magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography), operative procedures (brain‐stem decompression, tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy, shunt insertion, shunt revision and insertion of grommets) and allied health consultations (physiotherapist, occupational therapist, speech pathologist, dietician and orthotist).Conclusions:  Access to geneticists and paediatricians within the first year is high as recommended by the 2005 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Utilisation of craniocervical magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography, polysomnography studies and formal speech review appears low, reflecting more emphasis on clinical monitoring for cervical cord compression and disordered sleep breathing as well as possible difficulties in accessing services for polysomnography and speech pathology. Grommet insertion, tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy and cervicomedullary decompression rates are similar to results reported previously. Over half of the children accessed physiotherapy and/or occupational therapy services, warranting consideration of these professionals in future guideline recommendations.
Outcomes of very‐low‐birthweight infants after discharge with a discharge weight of 1500 grams
Authors: Ahmadpour‐Kacho Mousa , Pasha Yadollah Zahed , Aliabadi Behdis Motevalli 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:  Discharge of very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW) neonates from hospital is an important issue and has a standard criterion worldwide. According to this criterion, VLBW infants will be discharged from hospital when weighing 1800–2100 g but in the newborn services at Amirkola Children's Hospital (ACH), VLBW neonates are discharged when reaching 1500 g. The aim of this study was to determine the safety of this policy.Methods:  In this analytic‐prospective study, 100 premature neonates with discharging weight (DW) of 1500 g and a control group of 150 neonates with DW of 1600–2500 g were included. Both groups showed similar socioeconomic, perinatal and postnatal conditions. They were admitted and treated in the newborn services at ACH. The outcome variables, including death after discharge, readmission and need for emergency visit for an acute problem up to 3 months after discharge, were studied. The information was analyzed by spss‐16 software and a P‐value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results:  Need for emergency visit after discharge reached a significant difference between the two groups (31 in the case group vs 21 in the control group, P= 0.000), but there were no significant differences in the readmission rate and death after discharge (two deaths and 15 readmissions in the case group vs two deaths and 21 readmissions in the control group, P= 0.855)Conclusion:  In order to decrease the need for emergency visits, we suggest a program of early hospital discharge with home nursing visits and neonatologist support.
An Optimal Control Approach for Texture Metamorphosis
Authors: Kabul Ilknur , Pizer Stephen M. , Rosenman Julian , Niethammer Marc 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a new texture metamorphosis approach for interpolating texture samples from a source texture into a target texture. We use a new energy optimization scheme derived from optimal control principles which exploits the structure of the metamorphosis optimality conditions. Our approach considers the change in pixel position and pixel appearance in a single framework. In contrast to previous techniques that compute a global warping based on feature masks of textures, our approach allows to transform one texture into another by considering both intensity values and structural features of textures simultaneously. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach for different textures, such as stochastic, semi‐structural and regular textures, with different levels of complexities. Our method produces visually appealing transformation sequences with no user interaction.