bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical oxidation of 1,4‐dioxane at boron‐doped diamond electrode
Authors: De Clercq Jeriffa , Van de Steene Evelien , Verbeken Kim , Verhaege Marc 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The electrochemical oxidation of 1,4‐dioxane at a boron doped diamond (BDD) surface on a niobium substrate anode was studied because (i) 1,4 dioxane is a resistant contaminant in waste‐waters and ground‐waters which needs to be removed/oxidized and (ii) most of the currently applied techniques for removal/oxidation require chemicals.RESULTS: Results show that in the potential region supporting electrolyte stability 1,4‐dioxane can be oxidized directly. Adhesive products, which cause electrode fouling, are also formed during oxidation in this potential region. The BDD anode can be restored to its initial activity by simple anodic treatment in the potential region of electrolyte decomposition. In this region, oxidation reactions leading to complete oxidation of 1,4‐dioxane, can take place due to electro‐generated hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, dioxane can only be effectively oxidized at these potentials. The effect of current density on the oxidation of 1,4‐dioxane has been investigated. The experimental results have also been compared with a theoretical chemical oxygen demand (COD)–instantaneous current efficiency (ICE) model. At a current density above 32 mA cm−2, the oxidation process is completely controlled by mass transfer and no intermediates are formed. 92% of the COD can be removed with a total consumption of 7 Ah L−1.CONCLUSIONS: Results show that dioxane can be effectively and completely oxidized at a BDD anode. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
An efficient microwave‐assisted synthesis of 6,8‐dihydroimidazo[1,2‐a] [1,3,5] triazine derivatives
Authors: Matloobi Mitra , Schramm Hans Wolfgang 
Published: May 2010

Abstractmagnified imageA simple, efficient, and general method has been developed for the synthesis of various 4‐substituted 2‐amino‐6,6‐diphenyl‐8‐aryl‐6,8‐dihydroimidazo[1,2‐a] [1,3,5] triazine‐7(4‐H)ones3a,3b,3c,3d,3e,3f,3g,3h,3i,3j,3k,3l,3m,3n,3o,3p,3q,3r,3s,3t,3v. This involved condensation of 1‐(5‐oxo‐4,4‐diphenyl‐1‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)guanidines 2a and 2b, themselves obtained from the reaction of aryl biguanides 1a/b with benzil, with the requisite carbonyl compounds. Both steps were performed using microwave heating in sealed vessels. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Sensitive and specific detection of α‐synuclein in human plasma
Authors: Tinsley R.B. , Kotschet K. , Modesto D. , Ng H. , Wang Y. , Nagley P. , Shaw G. , Horne M.K. 
Published: May 2010

Abstractα‐Synuclein (αsyn) mutations, overexpression, misfolding, and aggregation are associated with Parkinson's disease. This protein has been intensively studied in neuronal systems. However, αsyn is also present in extracellular fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma. Recent studies have attempted to quantify its levels and compare these in various extracellular fluids of control and Parkinson's disease subjects. Data from these studies have been difficult to interpret, suggesting that more sensitive, standardized, and well‐characterized assays of larger cohorts are required. Here, we describe the development of a new ELISA specifically for quantifying αsyn in human plasma. An initial assay, using a commercial anti‐αsyn monoclonal antibody (211; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) and based on a published protocol, was adapted for use in human plasma. In addition, we have developed a novel αsyn‐specific antibody for the assay that has very high sensitivity and signal:noise characteristics. Assays with either antibody showed high specificity for αsyn, and detected it in a variety of sample types, including plasma. These assays can now be employed on large cohorts of patients and control subjects to determine whether plasma levels are altered in disease. Although measuring extracellular αsyn levels may prove to be a useful biomarker of Parkinson's disease, it should also be a powerful tool for basic research aimed at understanding the normal and pathological physiology of αsyn secretion. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduction of Dicer impairs Schwann cell differentiation and myelination
Authors: Verrier Jonathan D. , Semple‐Rowland Susan , Madorsky Irina , Papin Joseph E. , Notterpek Lucia 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe process of Schwann cell myelination requires precisely coordinated gene expression. At the onset of myelination, there is an increase in the expression of differentiation‐promoting transcription factors that regulate key Schwann cell genes. Further control of myelin gene expression occurs at the posttranscriptional level and, in part, is mediated by RNA binding proteins and micro‐RNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small, endogenously derived RNA molecules that repress gene expression by specifically binding to their mRNA targets. In the experiments described here, we tested whether miRNAs were essential in controlling myelination by reducing the levels of Dicer, an essential endoribonuclease in miRNA biogenesis. We decreased the expression of Dicer by about 60% within Schwann cells using a lentiviral vector expressing an shRNA against Dicer. The reduced levels of Dicer led to a decrease in the steady‐state expression of selected miRNAs and of the transcription factors Oct6 and Egr2/Krox20, both of which are critical for Schwann cells differentiation and myelination. In contrast, the levels of c‐jun and Sox2 were up‐regulated by the reduction in Dicer and were associated with an increase in Schwann cell proliferation. In dorsal root ganglion cocultures, Schwann cells transduced with Dicer shRNA synthesized less myelin, which was accompanied by significant reductions in the levels of myelin basic protein and protein zero. These findings support a critical role for Dicer and miRNAs in Schwann cell differentiation and myelination. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peripheral purinergic receptor modulation influences the trigeminal ganglia nitroxidergic system in an experimental murine model of inflammatory orofacial pain
Authors: Borsani Elisa , Albertini Roberta , Labanca Mauro , Lonati Claudio , Rezzani Rita , Rodella Luigi F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractATP plays an important role as an endogenous pain mediator generating and/or modulating pain signaling from the periphery to the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of peripheral purinergic receptors in modulation of the nitroxidergic system at a trigeminal ganglia level by monitoring changes in nitric oxide synthase isoforms. We also evaluated Fos‐positive neurons in brainstem (spinal trigeminal nucleus) and pain‐related behavior. We found that local administration of the P2 purinergic receptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate‐6‐azophenyl‐2′,4′‐disulphonic acid (PPADS) decreased face‐rubbing activity, nitric oxide synthase isoform expression in trigeminal ganglia, and Fos expression in spinal trigeminal nucleus after subcutaneous injection of formalin. These results suggest a role for peripheral P2 purinergic receptors in orofacial pain transmission through modulation of the nitroxidergic system. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methods and Tools for the Prediction of Hydrodynamic Coefficients and Other Solution Properties of Flexible Macromolecules in Solution. A Tutorial Minireview
Authors: de la Torre José García , Ortega Álvaro , Amorós Diego , Schmidt Ricardo Rodríguez , Cifre José G. Hernández 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe calculation of solution properties of flexible macromolecules and other nanoparticles requires, in addition to the hydrodynamic formalisms needed for the sedimentation coefficient and other transport properties, the consideration of the conformational statistics and internal dynamics. The latter aspects can be handled with simulation methods like Monte Carlo and Brownian dynamics. An example of a Monte Carlo simulation for a model specific of DNA is illustrated with results for the several solution properties over an extremely wide range of molecular weight. The convenience of having computational tools of a quite general applicability has prompted us to implement the simulation and hydrodynamic treatments in software packages, MONTEHYDRO for Monte Carlo, and SIMUFLEX for Brownian dynamics which—with a scope similar to the HYDRO suite for rigid particles—can handle a variety of situations. As an application of the new methodology to a yet unclear problem in analytical ultracentrifugation, in a simple application of the SIMUFLEX software, we present a simulation of the so‐called anomalous sedimentation of very long DNA molecules, obtaining results for the experimentally observable rotor‐speed‐dependence of the sedimentation coefficient.magnified image
Luminescent Coordination Polymers Built Upon Cu4X4 (X=Br,I) Clusters and Mono‐ and Dithioethers
Authors: Harvey Pierre D. , Knorr Michael 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper focuses on the syntheses, structures, and luminescence properties of 1D, 2D, and 3D coordination polymers built upon the tetranuclear Cu4X4 clusters and mono‐ and dithioether assembling ligands. A review of the relevant literature is presented along with our own results stressing on the salient features of the interactions between the CuI salt as the starting material and the thioethers. Among the features, the solvato‐ (lost or gain of a monothioether or solvent molecule) and luminescence thermochromism (temperature dependence of the emission) of the solids, and the enhanced versatility of the CuI salt to form clusters of different nuclearity (Cu2I2, Cu4I4, Cu6I6) and structures (closed cubane, partially open “flower‐basket‐like” cubane, and open cubane) upon the reaction conditions and ligands, are described. The steady state and time‐resolved solid‐state emission and excitation spectra (at 298 and 77 K) as well as the emission lifetimes are examined. Simple and apparently “innocent” modification may have a drastic effect on the polymer network and cluster structures, but this paper finds no obvious trend for the moment except for the ligand rigidity. The rhombic Cu2I2 and closed‐cubane Cu4I4 clusters are the most encountered motifs whereas the open‐flower‐basket Cu4I4 cubane and the hexagonal Cu6I6 clusters are scarce.magnified image
Bond‐dissociation energies of cations—Pushing the limits to quantum state resolution
Authors: Weitzel Karl‐Michael 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCurrently available concepts for measuring the bond‐dissociation energy of cations Do are reviewed. Starting from the traditional approach of directly measuring the threshold energy for the appearance of fragment ions, attention is directed towards indirect measurements, where threshold energies are obtained by extrapolation of, for example, rate constants k(E) or kinetic energy release (KER) data to the threshold of interest. More recent high precision techniques again utilize direct measurements, for example, of the disappearance energy of the parent ion. Most precise data are obtained from quantum state resolved measurements of the dissociation energy, where the threshold energy is bracketed by the existing quantum states above and below the threshold. Ultimately the limits can even be pushed beyond the bracketing limit, by investigating steps on the lineshape of homogeneously broadened single rotational transitions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:221–235, 2011
Resveratrol inhibits human lung adenocarcinoma cell metastasis by suppressing heme oxygenase 1‐mediated nuclear factor‐κB pathway and subsequently downregulating expression of matrix metalloproteinases
Authors: Liu Po‐Len , Tsai Jong‐Rung , Charles Albert Linton , Hwang Jhi‐Jhu , Chou Shah‐Hwa , Ping Yueh‐Hsin , Lin Feng‐Yen , Chen Yuh‐Lien , Hung Chun‐Ying , Chen Wen‐Chi , Chen Yung‐Hsiang , Chong Inn‐Wen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractResveratrol exhibits potential anti‐carcinogenic activities. Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) is involved in angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key enzymes in the degradation of extracellular matrix, and their expression may be dysregulated in lung cancer metastasis. In this study, we investigated the anti‐invasive mechanism of resveratrol in lung cancer cells. HO‐1 was shown to be elevated (∼4.7‐fold) in lung cancer tumor samples as compared with matched normal tissues. After treatment of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 cells with resveratrol (50 μM) for 24 h, the migratory and invasive abilities (38 and 30% inhibition, respectively) of A549 cells were significantly reduced. Resveratrol significantly inhibited HO‐1‐mediated MMP‐9 (35% inhibition) and MMP‐2 (28% inhibition) expression in lung cancer cells. Nuclear factor (NF)‐κB inhibitor induced a marked reduction in MMP‐9 and MMP‐2 expression, suggesting NF‐κB pathway could play an important role. Furthermore, HO‐1 inhibition and silencing significantly suppressed MMPs and invasion of lung cancer cells. Our results suggest that resveratrol inhibited HO‐1 and subsequently MMP‐9 and MMP‐2 expression in lung cancer cells. The inhibitory effects of resveratrol on MMP expression and invasion of lung cancer cells are, in part, associated with the HO‐1‐mediated NF‐κB pathway.
Pelvic stress injuries in a small‐bodied forager
Authors: Pfeiffer S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe assumption of natural selection for obstetric adequacy would predict the occasional discovery of skeletal evidence for inadequacy, yet such cases are rare. Here stress injuries to the pelvic ring are associated with an asymmetrical pelvis caused by partial agenesis of the right sacral costal process. The small, middle‐aged woman lived about 2000 years ago and pursued a physically vigorous life as a coastal forager on the South African Cape coast. The right sacral costal process (ala) is about 5 mm narrower than the left. This sacral hemiagenesis led to pelvic asymmetry, and concomitant instability. The six articular faces of the pelvis show the normal surfaces replaced by disorganised, porous new bone and extensive eburnation. The left pubic face shifted dorsally, making contact with the ventral aspect of the right pubis. The most distinctive aspect is the presence of osteitis pubis, or pubic symphysis stress injury, which is clinically associated both with difficult childbirth and with vigorous athletic activities. Adjustments to the altered pelvis include erosions and osteophytes at sites of ligament attachment, and prominent bilateral insertion areas on the tibiae for the stabilising iliotibial band. While habitual activities may explain some pelvic features, such as the bilateral bevelling of the acetabular borders, it is postulated that childbirth exacerbated the joint instability and the subsequent deterioration. This case joins a small literature on the condition of pubic symphysis stress injury, and illustrates the mechanisms through which natural selection for pelvic size and shape characteristics may have occurred. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene amplification of the transcription factor DP1 and CTNND1 in human lung cancer
Authors: Castillo Sandra D. , Angulo Barbara , Suarez‐Gauthier Ana , Melchor Lorenzo , Medina Pedro P. , Sanchez‐Verde Lydia , Torres‐Lanzas Juan , Pita Guillermo , Benitez Javier , Sanchez‐Cespedes Montse 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe search for novel oncogenes is important because they could be the target of future specific anticancer therapies. In the present paper we report the identification of novel amplified genes in lung cancer by means of global gene expression analysis. To screen for amplicons, we aligned the gene expression data according to the position of transcripts in the human genome and searched for clusters of over‐expressed genes. We found several clusters with gene over‐expression, suggesting an underlying genomic amplification. FISH and microarray analysis for DNA copy number in two clusters, at chromosomes 11q12 and 13q34, confirmed the presence of amplifications spanning about 0.4 and 1 Mb for 11q12 and 13q34, respectively. Amplification at these regions each occurred at a frequency of 3%. Moreover, quantitative RT–PCR of each individual transcript within the amplicons allowed us to verify the increased in gene expression of several genes. The p120ctn and DP1 proteins, encoded by two candidate oncogenes, CTNND1 and TFDP1, at 11q12 and 13q amplicons, respectively, showed very strong immunostaining in lung tumours with gene amplification. We then focused on the 13q34 amplicon and in the TFDP1 candidate oncogene. To further determine the oncogenic properties of DP1, we searched for lung cancer cell lines carrying TFDP1 amplification. Depletion of TFDP1 expression by small interference RNA in a lung cancer cell line (HCC33) with TFDP1 amplification and protein over‐expression reduced cell viability by 50%. In conclusion, we report the identification of two novel amplicons, at 13q34 and 11q12, each occurring at a frequency of 3% of non‐small cell lung cancers. TFDP1, which encodes the E2F‐associated transcription factor DP1 is a candidate oncogene at 13q34. The data discussed in this publication have been deposited in NCBIs Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) and are accessible through GEO Series Accession No. GSE21168. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imatinib mesylate for children with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)
Authors: Gooskens Saskia L.M. , Oranje Arnold P. , van Adrichem Leon N.A. , de Waard‐van der Spek Flora B. , den Hollander Jan C. , van de Ven Cees P. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor in children. DFSP is characterized by a specific fusion of the platelet‐derived growth factor β (PDGFβ) with the collagen type 1α1 (COL1α1) gene which renders these tumors responsive to targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib mesylate, as is reported in adults. In the current report, we describe the first small pediatric DFSP series, in which response to imatinib mesylate contributed to successful treatment outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:369–373. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Cytogenetic analysis of pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Mussolin Lara , Pillon Marta , Bonato Paola , Leszl Anna , Franceschetto Genny , Di Meglio Annamaria , d'Amore Emanuele S.G. , Sainati Laura , Rosolen Angelo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundAnaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) constitutes approximately 15% of pediatric and 3% of adult non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. Most pediatric cases harbor the reciprocal translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35), involving the alk gene. Cytogenetic studies of ALCL have mostly been published as case‐reports. The aim of this study was to determine the cytogenetic profiles of a series of pediatric ALCL and to compare them with pediatric and adult ALCL from the literature.MethodsEighteen children treated at our Institution were studied by standard cytogenetic analysis and RT‐PCR for the specific t(2;5) translocation product. Comparative analysis was performed on our findings and on the karyotypes of 48 pediatric and 39 adult ALCL reported in the literature.ResultsKaryotype was obtained in 16/18 ALCL: 9 showed translocation t(2;5) and 1 an alk variant form. Structural and numeric chromosomal abnormalities were identified in both pediatric and adult series. Trisomies were found preferentially in pediatric patients (P = 0.013) and monosomies in adults (P = 0.038). Trisomy 7 was found in 22% (13/59) of pediatric cases with abnormal karyotype and only in 5% (2/38) of adults; monosomy of chromosome 13 in 13% (5/38) of adults and only in 2% (1/59) of pediatric patients and monosomy of chromosome 15 in 16% (6/38) of adults and in none of the pediatric ALCL.ConclusionOur data suggest that pediatric and adult ALCL are characterized by different numerical chromosomal abnormalities. Larger prospective studies may elucidate their potential prognostic impact. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:446–451. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of poly(ε‐caprolactone)/calcium carbonate nanocomposites and nanocomposite foams
Authors: Liu Hao , Han Changyu , Dong Lisong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBiodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanocomposites were prepared and characterized. Effect of CaCO3 on thermal and mechanical properties of PCL matrix was studied. Results showed that CaCO3 acts as a crystallization nucleating agent and introduction of CaCO3 leads to improved mechanical properties of the PCL matrix. PCL/CaCO3 nanocomposite foams were prepared using chemical foaming method. Cellular parameters such as mean cell size, cell wall thickness, and cell density were collected. The cellular structure of nanocomposite foams changes with different CaCO3 loading. Mean cell size achieved the minimum value at 5 wt% CaCO3 loading, and cell wall thickness increased with CaCO3 content. The changes in cellular structure and improvement of mechanical properties also enhanced the mechanical properties of PCL/CaCO3 nanocomposite foams. Compressive moduli of PCL/CaCO3 nanocomposite foams with similar density increased with increasing CaCO3 loading. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1653–1661, 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Invasive prenatal testing decisions in pregnancy after infertility
Authors: Caleshu Colleen , Shiloh Shoshana , Price Cristofer , Sapp Julie , Biesecker Barbara 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed decisional conflict about invasive prenatal testing among women pregnant after infertility.MethodsWe surveyed 180 pregnant women with a history of infertility using a mixed methods cross‐sectional design. Difficulty in deciding whether to have prenatal testing was measured using the Decisional Conflict Scale.ResultsA minority of women (31%) chose to have invasive prenatal testing. Most participants (72%) reported low decisional conflict (score < 25; mean = 22.1; standard deviation = 23.2; range: 0–100). Half (53%) of the participants said that infertility made the testing decision easier. Qualitative data suggest that infertility makes the decision easier by clarifying relevant values and priorities. Most infertility characteristics studied were not significantly associated with decisional conflict. Variables associated with higher decisional conflict included infertility distress due to rejection of a childfree lifestyle, disagreement with others about testing, and choosing to have invasive testing after having had treatment for infertility.ConclusionsFor some women, infertility may make the invasive prenatal testing decision easier. Women with the greatest need for decisional support were those who have had treatment and choose invasive testing, who disagree with others about their testing choice, or who are particularly distressed about being childless. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.