bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comment les enfants se représentent-ils l'Europe ?
Authors: Amann Gainotti Merete , Pallini Susanna , Geat Marina 
Published: August 2010

L’étude, conduite dans le cadre théorique des recherches de Jean Piaget (1926) et des néopiagétiens sur les idées enfantines relatives à la société, aux autres nations et aux institutions économiques et politiques, examine les notions et les représentations spontanées de l’Europe d’un groupe de 150 enfants italiens résidant près de Rome, élèves de l’école primaire, âgés de 5-6 à 9-10 ans, divisés par groupes de 30 enfants de la 1 re à la 5 e année d’école primaire. Les enfants ont été interviewés individuellement avec un entretien flexible visant à relever leurs idées en rapport avec ce qu’est l’Europe, où se trouve l’Europe, quelles nations font partie de l’Europe, etc., ainsi que leurs idées concernant leur identité nationale et/ou européenne. Il a également été demandé aux sujets de faire un dessin de l’Europe. L’objectif de l’étude était de relever à partir de quel âge les enfants commencent à organiser une représentation cognitive d’un objet complexe comme l’Europe, avec l’hypothèse de pouvoir retrouver, dans le cas de l’Europe, les tendances de développement bien connues consistant à prendre appui sur l’expérience personnelle et à se référer à l’espace proche et connu pour fournir des explications et des interprétations relatives à différents aspects de la société. Les résultats de la recherche confirment les données de recherches psychologiques précédentes sur les caractéristiques de la pensée enfantine relatives à la société et semblent indiquer que la compréhension des relations entre les parties et le tout et la maîtrise des opérations d’inclusion sont des conditions préliminaires pour une assimilation réaliste des premières notions concernant l’Europe. En ce qui concerne la genèse d’une identité européenne, nos résultats indiqueraient que celle-ci commence à pouvoir se construire à partir de 9-10 ans, tandis que les enfants plus jeunes tendent à refuser l’idée d’être « aussi » Européens.
Quand les enfants font craquer les modèles alimentaires des adultes
Authors: Lalanne Michèle , Tibère Laurence 
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉ Cet article s’intéresse aux modèles alimentaires mis en œuvre au sein des familles, combinant plaisir, santé et préférences familiales, et aux façons dont les parents s’y prennent pour les transmettre aux enfants. Il montre que, face à la complexité du travail éducatif des parents et du travail d’apprentissage des enfants, des dérogations aux principes apparaissent toujours. Loin de signifier le désordre et la perte des repères normatifs, elles constituent un levier dans un dispositif éducatif nécessitant souplesse et adaptation. C’est aussi par elles que l’enfant construit ses propres normes alimentaires et, par là même, son individualité. Nous illustrerons ces phénomènes à partir des données issues d’entretiens et d’observations réalisés auprès d’enfants de 4 à 12 ans et de leurs parents.
A LOW-NOISE LOW-POWER FRONT-END AMPLIFIER FOR NEURAL-RECORDING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Zarifi Mohammad Hossein , Frounchi Javad , Tinati Mohammad A. , Farshchi Shahin , Judy Jack W. 
Published: August 2010

Monitoring the electrical activities of a large number of neurons in vertebrates' central nervous system in vivo through hundreds of parallel channels without interferring in their natural functions is a neuroscientist's interest. Value of this information in both scientific and clinical contexts, especially in expansion of brain–computer interfaces, is extremely significant. Therefore, low-noise amplifiers are needed with filtering capability on the front end to amplify the desired signals and eliminate direct current baseline shifts. Hence, size and power consumption need to be minimized to reduce trauma and heat dissipation, which can result in tissue damage for human applications and the system needs to be implantable and wireless. The practical solution for developing such systems is system-on-a-chip, based on ultra-low-power mixed-mode and wideband RFIC designs. They, however, impose a number of challenges that may require nontraditional solutions. In this paper, we present a fully differential low-power low-noise preamplifier suitable for recording biological signals, from a few mHz up to 10 kHz. This amplifier has a bandpass filter that is tunable between 10 mHz and 10 kHz, and has been designed and simulated in a standard 90-nm CMOS process. The circuit consumes 10 μW from a 1.2 V supply and provides a gain of 40 dB and an output swing of ±0.5 V with a total harmonic distortion of less than 0.5%. The total input-referred noise level is 4.6 μV integrating the noise over 0.01 Hz to 10 kHz.
Physical Activity and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Men and Women
Authors: Shuval Kerem , Leonard David , DeFina Laura F. , Barlow Carolyn E. , Berry Jarett D. , Turlington William M. , Pavlovic Andjelka , Radford Nina B. , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Khera Amit , Levine Benjamin D. 
Published: May 2024

ImportancePrior cross-sectional studies have suggested that very high levels of physical activity (PA) are associated with a higher prevalence of coronary artery calcium (CAC). However, less is known regarding the association between high-volume PA and progression of CAC over time.ObjectiveTo explore the association between PA (measured at baseline and during follow-up) and the progression of CAC over time.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included data from 8771 apparently healthy men and women 40 years and older who had multiple preventive medicine visits at the Cooper Clinic (Dallas, Texas), with a mean (SD) follow-up time of 7.8 (4.7) years between the first and last clinic visit. Participants with reported PA and CAC measurements at each visit during 1998 to 2019 were included in the study. Data were analyzed from March 2023 to February 2024.ExposuresPA reported at baseline and follow-up, examined continuously per 500 metabolic equivalent of task minutes per week (MET-min/wk) and categorically: less than 1500, 1500 to 2999, 3000 or more MET-min/wk.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNegative binomial regression was used to estimate the rate of mean CAC progression between visits, with potential modification by PA volume, calculated as the mean of PA at baseline and follow-up. In addition, proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for baseline PA as a predictor of CAC progression to 100 or more Agatston units (AU).ResultsAmong 8771 participants, the mean (SD) age at baseline was 50.2 (7.3) years for men and 51.1 (7.3) years for women. The rate of mean CAC progression per year from baseline was 28.5% in men and 32.1% in women, independent of mean PA during the same time period. That is, the difference in the rate of CAC progression per year was 0.0% per 500 MET-min/wk for men and women (men: 95% CI, −0.1% to 0.1%; women: 95% CI, −0.4% to 0.5%). Moreover, baseline PA was not associated with CAC progression to a clinically meaningful threshold of 100 AU or more over the follow-up period. The hazard ratio for a baseline PA value of 3000 or more MET-min/wk vs less than 1500 MET-min/wk to cross this threshold was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.66 to 1.08) in men and 1.16 (95% CI, 0.57 to 2.35) in women.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that PA volume was not associated with progression of CAC in a large cohort of healthy men and women who were initially free of overt cardiovascular disease.
Clinical Course, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Genomic Sequencing of Trichophyton indotineae
Authors: Caplan Avrom S. , Todd Gabrielle C. , Zhu YanChun , Sikora Michelle , Akoh Christine C. , Jakus Jeannette , Lipner Shari R. , Graber Kayla Babbush , Acker Karen P. , Morales Ayana E. , Rolón Rebecca M. Marrero , Westblade Lars F. , Fonseca Maira , Cline Abigail , Gold Jeremy A. W. , Lockhart Shawn R. , Smith Dallas J. , Chiller Tom , Greendyke William G. , Manjari Swati R. , Banavali Nilesh K. , Chaturvedi Sudha 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceTrichophyton indotineae is an emerging dermatophyte causing outbreaks of extensive tinea infections often unresponsive to terbinafine. This species has been detected worldwide and in multiple US states, yet detailed US data on infections with T indotineae are sparse and could improve treatment practices and medical understanding of transmission.ObjectiveTo correlate clinical features of T indotineae infections with in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing results, squalene epoxidase gene sequence variations, and isolate relatedness using whole-genome sequencing.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study of patients with T indotineae infections in New York City spanned May 2022 to May 2023. Patients with confirmed T indotineae infections were recruited from 6 New York City medical centers.Main Outcome and MeasureImprovement or resolution at the last follow-up assessment.ResultsAmong 11 patients with T indotineae (6 male and 5 female patients; median [range] age, 39 [10-65] years), 2 were pregnant; 1 had lymphoma; and the remainder were immunocompetent. Nine patients reported previous travel to Bangladesh. All had widespread lesions with variable scale and inflammation, topical antifungal monotherapy failure, and diagnostic delays (range, 3-42 months). Terbinafine treatment failed in 7 patients at standard doses (250 mg daily) for prolonged duration; these patients also had isolates with amino acid substitutions at positions 393 (L393S) or 397 (F397L) in squalene epoxidase that correlated with elevated terbinafine minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5 μg/mL or higher. Patients who were treated with fluconazole and griseofulvin improved in 2 of 4 and 2 of 5 instances, respectively, without correlation between outcomes and antifungal minimum inhibitory concentrations. Furthermore, 5 of 7 patients treated with itraconazole cleared or had improvement at the last follow-up, and 2 of 7 were lost to follow-up or stopped treatment. Based on whole-genome sequencing analysis, US isolates formed a cluster distinct from Indian isolates.Conclusion and RelevanceThe results of this case series suggest that disease severity, diagnostic delays, and lack of response to typically used doses and durations of antifungals for tinea were common in this primarily immunocompetent patient cohort with T indotineae, consistent with published data. Itraconazole was generally effective, and the acquisition of infection was likely in Bangladesh.
Multidimensional Approach to Exploring Neighborhood Determinants and Symptom Severity Among Individuals With Psychosis
Authors: Oluwoye Oladunni , Puzia Megan , Lissau Ari , Amram Ofer , Weeks Douglas L. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceThe impact of cumulative exposure to neighborhood factors on psychosis, depression, and anxiety symptom severity prior to specialized services for psychosis is unknown.ObjectiveTo identify latent neighborhood profiles based on unique combinations of social, economic, and environmental factors, and validate profiles by examining differences in symptom severity among individuals with first episode psychosis (FEP).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used neighborhood demographic data and health outcome data for US individuals with FEP receiving services between January 2017 and August 2022. Eligible participants were between ages 14 and 40 years and enrolled in a state-level coordinated specialty care network. A 2-step approach was used to characterize neighborhood profiles using census-tract data and link profiles to mental health outcomes. Data were analyzed March 2023 through October 2023.ExposuresEconomic and social determinants of health; housing conditions; land use; urbanization; walkability; access to transportation, outdoor space, groceries, and health care; health outcomes; and environmental exposure.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes were Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences 15-item, Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale.ResultsThe total sample included 225 individuals aged 14 to 36 years (mean [SD] age, 20.7 [4.0] years; 152 men [69.1%]; 9 American Indian or Alaska Native [4.2%], 13 Asian or Pacific Islander [6.0%], 19 Black [8.9%], 118 White [55.1%]; 55 Hispanic ethnicity [26.2%]). Of the 3 distinct profiles identified, nearly half of participants (112 residents [49.8%]) lived in urban high-risk neighborhoods, 56 (24.9%) in urban low-risk neighborhoods, and 57 (25.3%) in rural neighborhoods. After controlling for individual characteristics, compared with individuals residing in rural neighborhoods, individuals residing in urban high-risk (mean estimate [SE], 0.17 [0.07]; P = .01) and urban low-risk neighborhoods (mean estimate [SE], 0.25 [0.12]; P = .04) presented with more severe psychotic symptoms. Individuals in urban high-risk neighborhoods reported more severe depression (mean estimate [SE], 1.97 [0.79]; P = .01) and anxiety (mean estimate [SE], 1.12 [0.53]; P = .04) than those in rural neighborhoods.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that in a cohort of individuals with FEP, baseline psychosis, depression, and anxiety symptom severity differed by distinct multidimensional neighborhood profiles that were associated with where individuals reside. Exploring the cumulative effect of neighborhood factors improves our understanding of social, economic, and environmental impacts on symptoms and psychosis risk which could potentially impact treatment outcomes.
Disparities in Patient Portal Engagement Among Patients With Hypertension Treated in Primary Care
Authors: Khatib Rasha , Glowacki Nicole , Chang Eva , Lauffenburger Julie , Pletcher Mark J. , Siddiqi Alvia 
Published: May 2024

ImportancePatient portals are increasingly used for patient-clinician communication and to introduce interventions aimed at improving blood pressure control.ObjectiveTo characterize patient portal use among patients with hypertension managed in primary care.Design, Settings, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used electronic health records linked with patient portal log file data from a large, diverse Midwestern health care system. Patients with hypertension who had a primary care visit from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021, were included. The first visit in 2021 was considered the baseline visit; patient portal engagement was evaluated during the following year. Multivariate logistic regressions, presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs, were used to evaluate associations between patient characteristics and patient portal engagement, adjusting for potential confounders.ExposuresPrimary exposures included 4 sociodemographic factors routinely collected in the electronic health record: race and ethnicity, insurance, preferred language, and smoking status.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIndicators of patient engagement with the patient portal included accessing the patient portal at least once, accessing the portal within 7 days of at least 50.0% of primary care physician (PCP) visits, frequent logins (&amp;lt;28 vs ≥28), messaging (&amp;lt;2 vs ≥2), and sharing home blood pressure readings.ResultsAmong 366 871 patients (mean [SD], 63.5 [12.6] years), 52.8% were female, 3.4% were Asian, 7.8% were Hispanic, 19.7% were non-Hispanic Black, 66.9% were non-Hispanic White, and 2.3% were of other race or ethnicity. During the 1-year study period starting in 2021, 70.5% accessed the patient portal at least once, 60.2% accessed around the time of their PCP visits, 35.7% accessed the portal frequently, 28.9% engaged in messaging, and 8.7% shared home blood pressure readings. Compared with White patients, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients had lower odds of any access (Black: OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.52-0.54; Hispanic: OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.64-0.68), access around PCP visit time (Black: OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.48-0.50; Hispanic: OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.60-0.64), frequent access (Black: OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.55-0.57; Hispanic: OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.69-0.73), and messaging (Black: OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.61-0.64); Hispanic: OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.69-0.73).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study of patients with hypertension found clear sociodemographic disparities in patient portal engagement among those treated in primary care. Without special efforts to engage patients with portals, interventions that use patient portals to target hypertension may exacerbate disparities.
Outcomes of Conversion Surgery for Patients With Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Levyn Helena , Scholfield Daniel W. , Eagan Alana , Boe Lillian A. , Shaha Ashok R. , Wong Richard J. , Shah Jatin P. , Ganly Ian , Morris Luc G. T. , Tuttle R. Michael 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceThe outcomes of patients with low-risk thyroid cancer who undergo surgery following a period of active surveillance (AS) are not well-defined.ObjectiveTo evaluate surgical, pathologic, and oncologic outcomes among patients undergoing conversion surgery (CS) following AS for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, patients who underwent CS for disease progression were compared with patients who underwent CS without disease progression and with a propensity score–matched cohort of patients who underwent initial surgery (IS). The median (IQR) postsurgical follow-up time was 40.3 (18.0-59.0) months. Patients were treated at a quaternary cancer referral center in the United States.ExposuresSurgery.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSurgical complications, pathologic characteristics, overall survival (OS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS).ResultsOf 550 patients who underwent AS, 55 (10.0%) had CS, of whom 39 (7.1%) had surgery due to suspected disease progression (median [IQR] age, 48 [39-56] years; 32 [82.1%] female). There were no clinically meaningful differences in rates of surgical sequalae between the progression CS group (12 of 39 [30.7%]) and the nonprogression CS group (7 of 16 [43.8%]) (Cramer V, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.01-0.5). The 5-year OS was 100% (95% CI, 100%-100%) in both the disease-progression CS cohort and the IS cohort. Although the cohort of patients undergoing CS after disease progression was by definition a subset with more aggressive tumor behavior, no clinically meaningful differences were observed in the rates of regional recurrence (2 of 39 [5.1%] vs 0 of 39 patients with IS), local recurrence (0 patients), distant metastasis (0 patients), or disease-specific mortality (0 patients) when compared with the matched IS group. Five-year RFS rates were similar: 100% in the IS group and 86% (95% CI, 70%-100%) in the CS group.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, CS for suspected disease progression was associated with surgical and oncologic outcomes similar to IS, supporting the feasibility and safety of AS for patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Pressure‐Dependent Superconductivity in Topological Dirac Semimetal SrCuBi
Authors: Lee Nahyun , Pei Cuiying , Koo Jahyun , Qi Yanpeng , Kim Sung Wng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe discovery of superconducting states in diverse topological materials generates a burgeoning interest to explore a topological superconductor and to realize a fault‐tolerant topological quantum computation. A variety of routes to realize topological superconductors are proposed, and many types of topological materials are developed. However, a pristine topological material with a natural superconducting state is relatively rare as compared to topological materials with artificially induced superconductivity. Here, it is reported that the planar honeycomb structured 3D topological Dirac semimetal (TDS) SrCuBi, which is the Zintl phase, shows a natural surface superconductivity at 2.1 K under ambient pressure. It is clearly identified from theoretical calculations that a topologically nontrivial state exists on the (100) surface. Further, its superconducting transition temperature (Tc) increases by applying pressure, exhibiting a maximal Tc of 4.8 K under 6.2 GPa. It is believed that this discovery opens up a new possibility of exploring exotic Majorana fermions at the surface of 3D TDS superconductors.
Nanogalvanic Cells Release Highly Reactive Electrons in Tumors to Effectively Eliminate Tumors
Authors: Huang Wei‐Qiang , Zhu Ya‐Qi , Gao Fan , You Wei , Chen Guang , Nie Xuan , Xia Lei , Wang Long‐Hai , Hong Chun‐Yan , Zhang Ze , Wang Fei , Yu Yue , You Ye‐Zi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExternal stimuli triggering chemical reactions in cancer cells to generate highly reactive chemical species are very appealing for cancer therapy, in which external irradiation activating sensitizers to transfer energy or electrons to surrounding oxygen or other molecules is critical for generating cytotoxic reactive species. However, poor light penetration into tissue, low activity of sensitizers, and reliance on oxygen supply restrict the generation of cytotoxic chemical species in hypoxic tumors, which lowers the therapeutic efficacy. Here, this work presents galvanic cell nanomaterials that can directly release highly reactive electrons in tumors without external irradiation or photosensitizers. The released reactive electrons directly react with surrounding biomolecules such as proteins and DNA within tumors to destroy them or react with other surrounding (bio)molecules to yield cytotoxic chemical species to eliminate tumors independent of oxygen. Administering these nanogalvanic cells to mice results in almost complete remission of subcutaneous solid tumors and deep metastatic tumors. The results demonstrate that this strategy can further arouse an immune response even in a hypoxic environment. This method offers a promising approach to effectively eliminate tumors, similar to photodynamic therapy, but does not require oxygen or irradiation to activate photosensitizers.
Economic value of Brangus cattle traits in Argentina
Authors: Gatti Nicolas , Funes Victor , Amaro Ignacio Benito 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStarting in the early 2000s, a boom in demand for agricultural commodities displaced cattle ranching out of the most productive areas of the Pampas' prairie. The crossbreeds between Angus and Hereford with Brahman, that is, Brangus and Braford, have been successfully adopted across Argentina. However, little is known about the specific bulls' traits that drive the demand for genetic selection of cattle outside the Pampas. Obtaining the economic value of traits would help to identify the demand for adapting livestock production to different ecosystems while preserving the meat quality of Angus and Hereford cattle. We estimated hedonic price models using Brangus bull sales data from two cattle breeding ranches in the north of Cordoba province. We find that cattle ranchers prefer observed traits such as weight, coat color, and age, while genetic indicators such as Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) have secondary importance. We argue that stronger preferences for red‐coated bulls, as opposed to black‐coated bulls, could be associated with the demand for reducing heat stress. In addition, the relatively weak association between EPDs and prices may be related to unobservable variables such as ranchers' characteristics, and that the value of genetics is implicit in the studs' reputation. [EconLit Citations: Q12, Q13, Q16].