bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZD6474 enhances paclitaxel antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Sarkar Siddik , Mazumdar Abhijit , Dash Rupesh , Sarkar Devanand , Fisher Paul B. , Mandal Mahitosh 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemotherapy employing paclitaxel and docetaxel is widely used for treating early‐stage breast cancer and metastasis, which is frequently associated with overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and resistance to apoptosis. ZD6474, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR and VEGFR, inhibits cell proliferation of solid tumors, including breast. Phase III clinical trials using ZD6474 in non‐small cell lung carcinoma when combined with standard chemotherapy appear promising. In order to improve the antineoplastic activity of paclitaxel, we presently investigated the effects of ZD6474 in combination with paclitaxel in EGFR and VEGFR expressing human breast cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231. ZD6474 synergistically decreased cell viability when used in combination with paclitaxel. ZD6474 inhibited cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression and induced p53 expression when combined with paclitaxel. The combination of ZD6474 with paclitaxel versus either agent alone also more potently down‐regulated the antiapoptotic bcl‐2 protein, up‐regulated pro‐apoptotic signaling events involving expression of bax, activation of caspase‐3 and caspase‐7 proteins, and induced poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase resulting in apoptosis. ZD6474 combined with paclitaxel inhibited anchorage‐independent colony formation and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro as compared to either single agent, indicating a potential involvement of altered expression and reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins in combinatorial treated breast cancer cells. Collectively, our studies indicate that incorporating an anti‐EGFR plus VEGFR strategy (ZD6474) with chemotherapy (paclitaxel), where clinical studies of dose‐intensive paclitaxel therapy are currently in progress, may be more effective in treating patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer than either approach alone. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 375–384, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel anti‐apoptotic role for apolipoprotein L2 in IFN‐γ‐induced cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Liao Wupeng , Goh Fera Y. , Betts Richard J. , Kemeny D. Michael , Tam John , Bay Boon‐Huat , Wong W.S. Fred 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAirway epithelium functions not only as a physical barrier, but also a regulator of lung inflammation. IFN‐γ plays a critical role in airway inflammation associated with respiratory viral infection. We investigated differential protein profiling in IFN‐γ‐stimulated normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) using a 2‐dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI‐TOF‐MS/MS. IFN‐γ markedly stimulated apolipoprotein L2 (ApoL2) protein expression in normal HBEC. ApoL2 mRNA expression was also elevated in normal human lung fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells stimulated with IFN‐γ, in lung tissues from an IFN‐γ‐predominant influenza A virus‐infected mouse lung injury model, and in cancer lung tissues from human patients. Normal HBEC showed strong resistance to IFN‐γ‐induced cytotoxicity. ApoL2 knockdown by siRNA promoted IFN‐γ‐induced cytotoxicity as revealed by a significant drop in cell viability using MTT and CyQUANT NF cell proliferation assays, and a marked increase in hypodiploid sub‐G1 cell population in cell cycle analysis. Furthermore, depletion of ApoL2 facilitated IFN‐γ‐induced membrane damage and chromatin condensation as observed in Hoechst and propidium iodide‐double staining and in transmission electron microscopy, and DNA fragmentation using a DNA laddering assay, in a caspase‐dependent manner. Our results reveal a novel function for ApoL2 in conferring anti‐apoptotic ability of human bronchial epithelium to the cytotoxic effects of IFN‐γ, in maintaining airway epithelial layer integrity. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 397–406, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
OC‐116, the chicken ortholog of mammalian MEPE found in eggshell, is also expressed in bone cells
Authors: Bardet Claire , Vincent Christine , Lajarille Marie‐Claire , Jaffredo Thierry , Sire Jean‐Yves 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn chicken, ovocleidin 116 (OC‐116) is found in the eggshell matrix and its encoding gene, OC‐116, is expressed in uterine cells. In mammals, its orthologue MEPE encodes the matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), which has been shown to be involved in bone mineralization. Using RT‐PCR and in situ hybridization on sections, we have checked whether OC‐116 was also expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes during bone development and mineralization in chicken embryos. We monitored OC‐116 expression in the tibia and mandible of a growth series of chicken embryos from E3 to E19. Transcripts were identified in the osteoblasts as early as E5 in the tibia and E7 in the mandible, before matrix mineralization, then from these stages onwards in both the osteoblasts lining the mineralized bone matrix and the osteocytes. Therefore, early in chicken ontogeny and as soon as osteogenesis begins, OC‐116 is involved. Its function, which remains still unknown, is maintained during further bone growth and mineralization, and later in adult, in which it is recruited for eggshell formation. We hypothesize that the ancestral OC‐116/MEPE in a stem amniote was involved in these two functions and that the loss of eggshell in the mammalian lineage has probably favored the recruitment of some MEPE domains toward new functions in osteogenesis and mineralization, and in phosphatemia regulation. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:653–662, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grb7 binds to Hax‐1 and undergoes an intramolecular domain association that offers a model for Grb7 regulation
Authors: Siamakpour‐Reihani Sharareh , Peterson Tabitha A. , Bradford Andrew M. , Argiros Haroula J. , Haas Laura Lowell , Lor Siamee N. , Haulsee Zachary M. , Spuches Anne M. , Johnson Dennis L. , Rohrschneider Larry R. , Shuster Charles Brad , Lyons Barbara A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAdaptor proteins mediate signal transduction from cell surface receptors to downstream signaling pathways. The Grb7 protein family of adaptor proteins is constituted by Grb7, Grb10, and Grb14. This protein family has been shown to be overexpressed in certain cancers and cancer cell lines. Grb7‐mediated cell migration has been shown to proceed through a focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Grb7 pathway, although the specific participants downstream of Grb7 in cell migration signaling have not been fully determined. In this study, we report that Grb7 interacts with Hax‐1, a cytoskeletal‐associated protein found overexpressed in metastatic tumors and cancer cell lines. Additionally, in yeast 2‐hybrid assays, we show that the interaction is specific to the Grb7‐RA and ‐PH domains. We have also demonstrated that full‐length Grb7 and Hax‐1 interact in mammalian cells and that Grb7 is tyrosine phosphorylated. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements demonstrate the Grb7‐RA‐PH domains bind to the Grb7‐SH2 domain with micromolar affinity, suggesting full‐length Grb7 can exist in a head‐to‐tail conformational state that could serve a self‐regulatory function. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Future climate of the Caribbean from a regional climate model
Authors: Campbell Jayaka D. , Taylor Michael A. , Stephenson Tannecia S. , Watson Rhodene A. , Whyte Felicia S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractScenarios of rainfall and temperature changes for the period 2071–2100 under the A2 and B2 Special Report on Emissions scenarios are examined using the Hadley Centre Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies regional climate model. The model simulates ‘present‐day’ (1979–1990) rainfall and temperature climatologies reasonably well, capturing the characteristic bimodality of Caribbean rainfall and the boreal summer maximum and winter minimum temperatures. Seasonal spatial patterns are also reproduced, but rainfall amounts are underestimated over the northern Caribbean island masses, including Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. Temperatures over the region are also overestimated by 1–3 °C. For the period 2071–2100, temperatures are projected to increase across the region by 1–4 °C for all months irrespective of the scenario. The rainfall response varies with season with one of the more robust changes being an intensification of a gradient pattern in November–January, in which the northern Caribbean (i.e. north of 22°N) gets wetter and the southern Caribbean gets drier. There is also a robust June–October drying signal. The results point to changes in the regional circulation patterns due to the human‐induced climate change and warrants further investigation. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
An examination of urban heat island characteristics in a global climate model
Authors: Oleson K. W. , Bonan G. B. , Feddema J. , Jackson T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA parameterization for urban surfaces has been incorporated into the Community Land Model as part of the Community Climate System Model. The parameterization allows global simulation of the urban environment, in particular the temperature of cities and thus the urban heat island. Here, the results from climate simulations for the AR4 A2 emissions scenario are presented. Present‐day annual mean urban air temperatures are up to 4 °C warmer than surrounding rural areas. Averaged over all urban areas resolved in the model, the heat island is 1.1 °C, which is 46% of the simulated mid‐century warming over global land due to greenhouse gases. Heat islands are generally largest at night as evidenced by a larger urban warming in minimum than maximum temperature, resulting in a smaller diurnal temperature range compared to rural areas. Spatial and seasonal variability in the heat island is caused by urban to rural contrasts in energy balance and the different responses of these surfaces to the seasonal cycle of climate. Under simulation constraints of no urban growth and identical urban/rural atmospheric forcing, the urban to rural contrast decreases slightly by the end of the century. This is primarily a different response of rural and urban areas to increased long‐wave radiation from a warmer atmosphere. The larger storage capacity of urban areas buffers the increase in long‐wave radiation such that urban night‐time temperatures warm less than rural. Space heating and air conditioning processes add about 0.01 W m−2 of heat distributed globally, which results in a small increase in the heat island. The significant differences between urban and rural surfaces demonstrated here imply that climate models need to account for urban surfaces to more realistically evaluate the impact of climate change on people in the environment where they live. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Identification of reddish pigments in octocorals by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Maia Lenize F. , Fleury Beatriz G. , Lages Bruno G. , Barbosa Jussara P. , Pinto Ângelo C. , Castro Harlem V. , de Oliveira Vanessa E. , Edwards Howell G. M. , de Oliveira Luiz F. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe nature of the pigments in octocorals has been investigated by Raman spectroscopy, where laser excitation at 632.8 and 1064 nm were used to characterize the colored components present in the skeleton of the exotic pink‐yellow soft coral Chromonephthea braziliensis, the reddish purple sea fan Leptogorgia punicea and the endemic deep violet red Leptogorgia violacea from the southeastern coast of Brazil. The observed positions of two major Raman bands at ca 1500 cm−1 [ν(CC)] and 1130 [ν(CC)] for all specimens strongly suggest the presence of a mixtureof conjugated polyenes belonging to a class of compounds named parrodienes. The hemiketal steroidal feeding deterrent, 23‐keto‐cladiellin‐A, isolated from C. braziliensis was identified in the crude extracts by the Raman analysis using 1064 nm excitation. The observation of the most important vibrational bands of this compound can be useful in future investigations to monitor its presence in crude extracts of C. braziliensis and or other species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecotourism impacts in the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica
Authors: Almeyda Angelica M. , Broadbent Eben N. , Wyman Miriam S. , Durham William H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEcotourism promotes responsible travel to natural areas, environmental conservation and the well‐being of local communities. Eco‐lodges are an important component of ecotourism ventures but an infrequently researched component of this field. Considering their influence on the natural environment (design and operation) and local communities (employment practices and purchases), the success of ecotourism depends, in part, on the performance of eco‐lodges. This project studies the effects of the Punta Islita (PI) eco‐lodge on the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. An interdisciplinary nested‐scale analysis, combining guest and household interviews with multi‐temporal remote sensing analysis of forest cover change of the lodge and surrounding areas, is used to evaluate the environmental, economic and social impacts of ecotourism in the region. Our results show significant positive contributions of the PI eco‐lodge on forest cover, environmental conservation, and local economic incomes within the surrounding communities. For local livelihoods, the PI eco‐lodge was seen as having positive social, cultural and economic impacts for nearly all societal variables for both employees and their neighbours. The PI eco‐lodge was also perceived as reducing alcoholism, drug addiction and prostitution, where conventional tourism on the Peninsula was shown to increase these ‘societal ills’. Land value and product pricing were the few variables believed to have increased as a result of tourism on the Peninsula. For conservation, the PI eco‐lodge property had the highest rates of reforestation within the Nicoya Peninsula and remains the scale most reforested in both forest cover change and total forest cover. In fact, at the landscape scale, we find that the Pacific coast of the Nicoya, where the bulk of ecotourism occurs, has undergone reforestation, whereas forest interiors have been deforested. Historically, reforestation occurred as cattle ranching credit programs were halted by the government and households in the area left to find better job opportunities. The PI eco‐lodge, as a source of good employment, resulted in worker migration back to the surrounding area, resulting, in some cases, in increased deforestation. Overall, we feel that the PI eco‐lodge serves as an example of successful ecotourism. However, increasing development in the region, in particular by standard hotel operations and large condo developments, seeks to capitalise on the region's natural beauty and may reverse land cover trends if they are not accompanied by adequate forest conservation strategies and stresses the importance of monitoring and assessing the impacts of accommodations tied to nature‐based tourism operations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pretransplant serum troponin levels are highly predictive of patient and graft survival following liver transplantation
Authors: Watt Kymberly D.S. , Coss Elizabeth , Pedersen Rachel A. , Dierkhising Ross , Heimbach Julie K. , Charlton Michael R. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Optimizing the utility of liver transplantation requires the identification of factors that confer increased risk of posttransplant mortality. Elevated serum troponin (TN) levels are strongly predictive of posttransplant mortality after kidney transplantation. We sought to determine whether pretransplant TN levels were predictive of mortality and graft loss after liver transplantation in 236 liver transplant recipients from 1998 to 2001 with 8.2 years of follow-up. Elevated TN levels [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.19, P = 0.004] and a pretransplant history of cardiovascular disease (CVD; HR = 1.90, P = 0.031) were predictive of patient mortality. Elevated TN levels (HR = 2.44, P < 0.001), a history of CVD (HR = 1.83, P = 0.031), and a combination of elevated TN levels and CVD (HR = 2.75, P = 0.027) were associated with increased graft loss. Multivariate analysis confirmed TN and CVD as independent predictors of mortality and graft loss. CVD (HR = 2.39, P = 0.032) and a combination of elevated TN levels and a history of CVD (HR = 6.67, P < 0.001) were predictive of graft loss within 1 year. Age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, creatinine levels, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores were not predictive of posttransplant mortality or graft loss. In summary, elevated pretransplant serum TN levels are strongly predictive of mortality and graft loss after liver transplantation and may be helpful in risk stratification of potential liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 16:990-998, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Synthesis of Narrowly Distributed ω‐Telechelic Hyperbranched Polyethylenes by Efficient End‐Capping of Pd‐Diimine‐Catalyzed Ethylene “Living” Polymerization with Styrene Derivatives
Authors: Li Shiyun , Ye Zhibin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe report herein a quantitative end‐capping chemistry for the efficient synthesis of monotelechelic hyperbranched polyethylenes containing various ω‐end functionalities by quenching Pd‐diimine catalyzed ethylene “living” polymerization with styrene derivatives. This chemistry utilizes the unique reaction of styrene derivatives with cationic Pd‐diimine species to form stable π‐benzyl intermediate complexes, which are inactive for ethylene polymerization. In the synthesis, “living” hyperbranched polyethylene chains were grown with a Pd‐diimine catalyst. Subsequent end‐quenching of the “living” chains with three styrene derivatives renders narrowly distributed telechelic hyperbranched polyethylenes containing different functional ω‐terminal groups.magnified image
A Polymeric Drug Depot Based on 7‐(2′‐Methacryloyloxyethoxy)‐4‐methylcoumarin Copolymers for Photoinduced Release of 5‐Fluorouracil Designed for the Treatment of Secondary Cataracts
Authors: Sinkel Carsten , Greiner Andreas , Agarwal Seema 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of a polymeric, photoresponsive drug‐delivery system on the basis of 4‐methylcoumarin‐side‐chain‐functionalized methacrylic copolymers with different degrees of functionalization is reported. Drug‐release experiments in solution indicated a maximum release of 22 µg of 5‐fluorouracil per 1 mg of polymer. Polymer analogous photochemical drug immobilization does not lead to observable intermolecular cross‐linking. Miscibility experiments with PMMA suggest that the bulk polymerization of homogeneous, transparent polymer sheets for intraocular lens fabrication, using MMA as the matrix monomer and incorporating the polymer‐drug conjugates as a functional component, is possible.magnified image
Functionalized MWNT‐Doped Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites for Aerospace Coating Applications
Authors: Zhao Wenming , Li Mei , Peng Hua‐Xin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTargeting specific aerospace coating applications, highly conductive carbon nanotubes were rigorously dispersed into a commercial topcoat PU matrix to produce nanocomposites for electrostatic dissipation and/or de‐icing coatings. Systematic evaluation on a range of properties that are pertaining to the targeted applications showed that, comparing with pure PU film, an addition of 1 wt.‐% functionalized MWNTs resulted in a significant improvement in the tensile strength and modulus; a 6.5 °C shift in glass transition temperature; a six orders of magnitude decrease in electrical resistivity and 24% improvement in thermal diffusivity. The durable, light color, and flexible nanocomposite with sufficiently low surface resistivity meet the requirements for aerospace coating applications.magnified image
Structural Properties and Enzymatic Degradation Behavior of PLLA and Stereocomplexed PLA Nanofibers
Authors: Fundador Noreen Grace V. , Takemura Akio , Iwata Tadahisa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPLLA and stereocomplexed polylactide (sc‐PLA) nanofibers were formed by electrospinning solutions of the polymers in HFIP. A highly semi‐crystalline sc‐PLA nanofiber having only sc crystallites was confirmed by WAXD analysis. The diameters of the nanofibers of both polymers decreased slightly when they were annealed at 60 °C, which was near Tg. Enzyme degradation of both as‐spun PLLA and sc‐PLA nanofibers by proteinase K from Tritirachium album was carried out. The rate of degradation of the nanofibers can be controlled by varying annealing conditions, hence the extent of crystallinity.magnified image
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Proton Exchange Membranes Containing the Semisquaric Acid Group
Authors: Yoshimura Ken , Liebeskind Lanny S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe focus our attention here on semisquaric acid, which is known to show high acidity, as a new proton dissociating group for proton exchange membranes (PEMs). The introduction of a squaric acid group into aromatic polymers was conducted by the reaction of lithiated aromatic polymers and diisopropoxy squarate, followed by treatment with hydrochloric acid. A resulting polyphenylsulfone membrane with the squaric acid group introduced (PPSf‐SQ, IEC = 4.1 meq·g−1) showed proton conductivity of 1.0 × 10−1 S·cm−1 at 80 °C under 95% relative humidity, which indicates that the semisquaric acid has the potential to become an alternative proton‐conducting group for PEMs.magnified image
Practical aspects of liquid‐state NMR with inductively coupled solenoid coils
Authors: Tang Joel A. , Jerschow Alexej 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSensitivity enhancement by the use of inductively coupled milli‐ and microcoils has been demonstrated in solid‐state as well as liquid‐state NMR. In this work, we discuss the practical aspects of using inductively coupled solenoid coils of different sizes in a liquid‐state NMR spectrometer. The sensitivity and resolution enhancements from these resonant coils, with sizes ranging between 3.0 and 0.75 mm i.d., are measured for 23Na single‐pulse and multidimensional imaging experiments and compared to the results obtained with the conventional liquids NMR 5.0‐mm saddle coil. Enhancements in voxel‐based sensitivity (SNR per √scans) were measured in multidimensional MR images and were found to be as large as 20.4 with the 0.75‐mm coil. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A heme fusion tag for protein affinity purification and quantification
Authors: Asher Wesley B. , Bren Kara L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe report a novel affinity‐based purification method for proteins expressed inEscherichia colithat uses the coordination of a heme tag to anL‐histidine‐immobilized sepharose (HIS) resin. This approach provides an affinity purification tag visible to the eye, facilitating tracking of the protein. We show that azurin and maltose binding protein are readily purified from cell lysate using the heme tag and HIS resin. Mild conditions are used; heme‐tagged proteins are bound to the HIS resin in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, and eluted by adding 200–500 mMimidazole or binding buffer at pH 5 or 8. The HIS resin exhibits a low level of nonspecific binding of untagged cellular proteins for the systems studied here. An additional advantage of the heme tag‐HIS method for purification is that the heme tag can be used for protein quantification by using the pyridine hemochrome absorbance method for heme concentration determination.