bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion Degree of Indirect Resin Composites and Effect of Thermocycling on Their Physical Properties
Authors: Souza Rodrigo O. A. , Özcan Mutlu , Michida Silvia M. A. , De Melo Renata M. , Pavanelli Carlos A. , Bottino Marco A. , Soares Luís E. S. , Martin Airton A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract Purpose: This study evaluated the degree of conversion (DC) of four indirect resin composites (IRCs) with various compositions processed in different polymerization units and investigated the effect of thermal aging on the flexural strength and Vicker's microhardness. Materials and Methods: Specimens were prepared from four IRC materials, namely Gr 1: Resilab (Wilcos); Gr2: Sinfony (3M ESPE); Gr3: VITA VMLC (VITA Zahnfabrik); Gr4: VITA Zeta (VITA Zahnfabrik) using special molds for flexural strength test (N = 80, n = 10 per group) (25 × 2 × 2 mm3, ISO 4049), for Vicker's microhardness test (N = 80, n = 10 per group) (5 × 4 mm2) and for DC (N = 10) using FT‐Raman Spectroscopy. For both flexural strength and microhardness tests, half of the specimens were randomly stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours (Groups 1 to 4), and the other half (Groups 5 to 8) were subjected to thermocycling (5000 cycles, 5 to 55 ± 1°C, dwell time: 30 seconds). Flexural strength was measured in a universal testing machine (crosshead speed: 0.8 mm/min). Microhardness test was performed at 50 g. The data were analyzed using one‐way and two‐way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α= 0.05). The correlation between flexural strength and microhardness was evaluated with Pearson's correlation test (α= 0.05). Results: A significant effect for the type of IRC and thermocycling was found (p= 0.001, p= 0.001) on the flexural strength results, but thermocycling did not significantly affect the microhardness results (p= 0.078). The interaction factors were significant for both flexural strength and microhardness parameters (p= 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). Thermocycling decreased the flexural strength of the three IRCs tested significantly (p < 0.05), except for VITA Zeta (106.3 ± 9.1 to 97.2 ± 14 MPa) (p > 0.05) when compared with nonthermocycled groups. Microhardness results of only Sinfony were significantly affected by thermocycling (25.1 ± 2.1 to 31 ± 3.3 Kg/mm2). DC values ranged between 63% and 81%, and were not significantly different between the IRCs (p > 0.05). While a positive correlation was found between flexural strength and microhardness without (r = 0.309) and with thermocycling (r = 0.100) for VITA VMLC, negative correlations were found for Resilab under the same conditions (r =−0.190 and −0.305, respectively) (Pearson's correlation coefficient). Conclusion: Although all four IRCs presented nonsignificant DC values, flexural strength and microhardness values varied between materials with and without thermocycling.
Association of Toll‐like receptor 9 haplotypes with chronic periodontitis in Czech population
Authors: Holla Lydie Izakovicova , Vokurka Jan , Hrdlickova Barbara , Augustin Peter , Fassmann Antonin 
Published: December 2009

Holla LI, Vokurka J, Hrdlickova B, Augustin P, Fassmann A. Association of Toll‐like receptor 9 haplotypes with chronic periodontitis in Czech population. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 152–159. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2009.01523.x.AbstractAim: Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) belong to the pattern recognition receptors family of signal molecules that recognize conserved microbial structures. The aim of this study was to analyse polymorphisms in the TLR genes and their association with chronic periodontitis (CP).Material and Methods: Two polymorphisms (2408G/A, i.e. Arg753Gln and −16934A/T) in TLR‐2 and three variants (−1486C/T, −1237C/T and+2848A/G) in the TLR‐9 genes were studied in 222 patients with CP and 259 unrelated controls. All polymorphisms were detected using the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Subgingival bacterial colonization was investigated by the VariOr®Dento test.Results: No significant differences were found in allele and genotype frequencies of all polymorphisms between patients and controls. Nevertheless, complex analysis revealed differences in TLR9 haplotype frequencies between both groups (p=0.001). Specifically, the haplotype T(−1486)/T(−1237)/A(2848) was significantly more frequent (9.6%versus 2.8%, p<0.000001) and the haplotype T(−1486)/T(−1237)/G (2848) of the TLR9 gene was less frequent (35.9%versus 43.3%, p=0.01) in patients than in controls. However, no significant relationships between periodontal pathogens, TLR polymorphisms and CP were found.Conclusions: In conclusion, although no significant role of the TLR2 gene in periodontitis was found, our results indicate that TLR9 haplotypes may be associated with susceptibility to CP.
REVIEW ARTICLE: Tolerance Mechanisms in Pregnancy: A Reappraisal of the Role of Class I Paternal MHC Antigens*
Authors: Clark David A. , Chaouat Gerard , Wong Karrie , Gorczynski Reginald M. , Kinsky Radslav 
Published: December 2009

Citation Clark DA, Chaouat G, Wong K, Gorczynski RM, Kinsky R. Tolerance mechanisms in pregnancy: a reappraisal of the role of class I paternal MHC antigens. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 93–103Problem  Allogeneic pregnancies have a survival advantage over syngeneic pregnancies, and paternal Class I MHC antigens have been implicated. In humans, HLA‐C and HLA‐G and E are expressed by subpopulations of fetal trophoblast. In mice, Qa‐2, a Class Ib antigen, and classical H‐2K antigens have been described. However, the mechanism of prevention of embryo demise in utero has not been critically assessed, and a number of conflicting ideas have not been addressed. The αβ T‐cell receptor recognizes peptide bound to the groove in Class I MHC, and peptides have profound effects on the interaction of KIR receptors on T and NK cells with Class I MHC.Methods  Data on prevention of pregnancy loss (abortion) in poly IC‐treated mice were reviewed along with information about prevention of losses in the abortion‐prone CBA × DBA/2 model. This information was combined with data on paternal antigen expression at different times in pregnancy when key events determining outcome are thought to transpire, and role of tolerance signaling molecules such as CD200. Current data on models supporting a role for ‘true’ uterine NK cells (TuNKs) versus blood NK cells in the uterus (BuNKs) and role of MHC–KIR interaction were reviewed along with incompatible data in the literature.Results  Whilst paternal Class I MHC appears important, there is an important role for paternal non‐MHC minor antigens (small peptides) that bind to the antigen‐presenting groove of Class I MHC. BuNKs along with CD8+ T cells and Treg cells appear more important than TuNKs where the role of the latter appears primarily to promote angiogenesis. When during pregnancy the maternal immune system cells are first exposed to paternal Class I + peptide is uncertain, but at the time of implantation, if not earlier, seems likely.Conclusion  Suppression of pregnancy loss by paternal/embryo Class I MHC depends on the presence of paternal peptides. This greatly complicates existing models of Class I–KIR interactions in feto‐maternal tolerance or rejection. It is important to consider all the data when devising explanatory models.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Profile of Peripheral Blood Neutrophil Cytokines in Diabetes Type 1 Pregnant Women and its Correlation with Selected Parameters in the Newborns
Authors: Pertyńska‐Marczewska Magdalena , Głowacka Ewa , Grodzicka Alicja , Sobczak Małgorzata , Cypryk Katarzyna , Wilczyński Jacek R. , Wilczyński Jan 
Published: December 2009

Citation Pertyńska‐Marczewska M, Głowacka E, Grodzicka A, Sobczak M, Cypryk K, Wilczyński JR., Wilczyński J. Profile of peripheral blood neutrophil cytokines in diabetes type 1 pregnant women and its correlation with selected parameters in the newborns. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 150–160Problem  Interleukin (IL)‐12, IL‐10, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐6 and IL‐8 alter as pregnancy progresses, implying continuous immune regulation associated with the maintenance of pregnancy. We aimed to evaluate the peripheral blood neutrophil‐derived production of these cytokines in the course of pregnancy complicated by type 1 diabetes.Method of study  These parameters were measured in samples from healthy non‐pregnant (C), diabetic non‐pregnant (D), healthy pregnant (P) and pregnant diabetic (PD) women.Results  Neutrophil‐derived secretion of TNF‐α and IL‐12 increased along with progression of pregnancy in PD and P groups. The concentration of IL‐10 from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated neutrophils increased during the course of uncomplicated pregnancy but decreased in diabetic pregnancy. Concentration of IL‐8 decreased with the advancing gestational age in P and PD groups. LPS‐stimulated neutrophil‐derived IL‐6 concentration increased only in PD patients.Conclusion  Our results show that diabetes creates pro‐inflammatory environment thus potentially influencing the outcome of pregnancy. We conclude that neutrophil‐derived cytokine production could contribute to the complications seen in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.
Wet‐ vs. Dry‐Season Transpiration in an Amazonian Rain Forest Palm Iriartea deltoidea
Authors: Renninger Heidi J. , Phillips Nathan , Salvucci Guido D. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe wet and dry seasons in tropical rain forests can differ in precipitation, soil moisture and irradiance more significantly than often assumed. This could potentially affect the water relations of many tree species that may exhibit either increased transpiration in the dry season as a response to the increased irradiance or decreased transpiration as a result of decreases in soil moisture and increases in atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Atmospheric data, soil moisture data and sap fluxes in Iriartea deltoidea palms were measured in eastern Ecuador during the wet and dry seasons. There were no differences between total daily sap fluxes in I. deltoidea palms during the wet and dry seasons; however, evaporative demand was significantly higher in the dry season and therefore, transpiration was more restricted by stomatal closure during the dry season than the wet season. This is likely the result of larger atmospheric VPD during the dry season compared with the wet season and possibly the result of reduced soil moisture availability. Additionally, based on published tree abundances in this area, measured sap fluxes in I. deltoidea were scaled up to the hectare level. Transpiration from I. deltoidea palms was estimated to be around 0.03 mm/d, which could represent about 1 percent of total transpiration in this area of the Amazon rain forest. If climate change predictions for more lengthy tropical dry periods are realized, greater stomatal control of dry‐season sap flux has the potential to become even more prevalent in tropical species.
Reconfigurations in the Discourse of Nationalism and National Identity: Turkey at the Turn of the Twenty‐first Century
Authors: Kancı Tuba 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThroughout recent decades, the processes of globalisation and Europeanisation have been influential in Turkey, bringing various changes to the economic, cultural and political spheres. Within the context of these processes, this article analyses the changes and continuities in the discourse of nationalism and national identity in Turkey through their reflections on school textbooks and curricula. On the one hand, the globalisation process has brought calls for democratisation, as well as citizenship and identity claims, from the societal actors in Turkey. On the other hand, it has given rise to concerns about preserving the status quo, which have then been channelled into the language of nationalism. The Europeanisation process has also fed these projects and discourses. Its effects, in moments of close interrelations between Turkey and the European Union, have consisted of bringing positive reinforcements for the decoupling of security concerns and nationalism, the formation of a new and democratic understanding of citizenship and the realisation of ambitions for democratisation in Turkey; however, in other times, backlashes have occurred.
CosmoPoles: A Mixed‐methods Study on the European Identity of Higher‐educated Polish Youth
Authors: Moes Jeroen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThrough the combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses, this study investigates the extent to which a European identity has emerged across Europe and what it means to ‘be European’ for higher‐educated Polish youth. The results of a quantitative comparative analysis (multilevel regression analysis on Eurobarometer survey data) are complemented by the results from a qualitative inquiry that was conducted within the framework of the same research project. It is argued that national and European political identifications are not mutually exclusive but rather seem to complement each other (both quantitatively and qualitatively). It is further argued that mixed‐methods research designs offer a promising approach to the study of collective identities and Europeanisation.
Landscapes, legibility, and conservation planning: multiple representations of forest use in Panama
Authors: Runk J. Velásquez , Negría Gervacio Ortíz , Conquista Leonardo Peña , Peña Gelo Mejía , Cheucarama Frecier Peña , Chiripua Yani Cheucarama 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn recent years, conservationists have increasingly used satellite imagery based analyses for planning. We used forest plots and satellite image analysis to study the same landscape of forests used and managed by Wounaan indigenous peoples in eastern Panama. We studied 20‐, 10‐, and 1‐year‐old rice swiddens, single tree extraction sites for dugouts, and homegardens in comparison with multi‐use mature forests to examine whether Wounaan forest use histories could be distinguished by vegetation patterns and Landsat satellite imagery. We found that forest use histories were discriminated by vegetation structure and floristics, but these uses were largely obscured in satellite images. We discuss how conservation planning is impacted by these different methods, particularly how the perceived objectivity of satellite imagery may be used to dichotomize culture and nature. We conclude by encouraging the critical use of satellite imagery in conservation by using mixed methods at multiple temporal and spatial scales.
Retinal vascular events after intravitreal bevacizumab
Authors: Mansour Ahmad M. , Bynoe Leon A. , Welch John C. , Pesavento Richard , Mahendradas Padmamalini , Ziemssen Focke , Pai Sivakami A. 
Published: December 2009

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 730–735Abstract.Purpose:  To record retinal vascular events following intravitreal bevacizumab injection.Methods:  Collaborative multi‐centre retrospective case series.Results:  Eight patients were documented to have central retinal artery occlusion (four patients), branch retinal artery occlusion, capillary occlusion, central retinal vein occlusion and branch retinal vein occlusion (one patient each) within 0–55 days (median 2 weeks) of intravitreal bevacizumab. All patients had several ocular and systemic risk factors for retinal vascular events: elevated intraocular pressure on discharge (four patients), pre‐existent glaucoma (one patient), pre‐existent ischaemic retinal vascular disorder (four patients), systemic hypertension (five patients), diabetes mellitus (three patients), coronary artery disease (four patients), carotid disease (three patients), smoking (two patients) and migraine (one patient).Conclusion:  The retinal vascular events may be associated with the underlying ocular disease under treatment or with the underlying systemic disease, may be related to an increased intraocular pressure post‐injection constraining further an already poor retinal perfusion, the vasoconstrictor effect of bevacizumab, or a combination of all three.
Timing of uveitis onset in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the main predictor of severe course uveitis
Authors: Zannin Maria E. , Buscain Irene , Vittadello Fabio , Martini Giorgia , Alessio Maria , Orsoni Jelka G. , Breda Luciana , Rigante Donato , Cimaz Rolando , Zulian Francesco 
Published: December 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  Aim of the present study was to validate a statistical model to predict a severe course of anterior uveitis (AU) in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods:  Consecutive patients with newly diagnosed uveitis have been followed for at least 1 year with a standardized protocol. For each patient, demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics, including time interval between arthritis and uveitis onset, α2‐globulins level at arthritis onset, number of uveitis relapses/year, ocular complications and therapy and visual acuity, have reported. The validation procedure included the assessment of sensitivity, specificity and efficiency of previously published statistical model (Zulian et al. J Rheumatol 2002; 29: 2446–2453) in a new inception cohort of patients during a short length follow‐up.Results:  Sixty patients with JIA, followed at 14 paediatric rheumatology–ophthalmology centres in Italy, entered the study. The mean age at arthritis onset was 4.4 years (range 1.2–15.8 years), and the mean interval time between arthritis and uveitis onset was 1.8 years (range: 0.0–14.2 years). After the first AU, patients, followed for a mean of 3.2 years, had a mean of 2.9 uveitis relapses. Twenty‐two patients (36.7%) presented at least one complication. Using a probability cut‐off value = 0.7, the statistical model revealed 80% sensitivity, 58% specificity and 65% efficiency.Conclusion:  The time interval between arthritis and uveitis onset resulted as the main predictor of severe course uveitis in JIA. The statistical model was able to predict the development of a severe course in 8 of 10 patients.
Fibrinogen Regulates the Cytotoxicity of Mycobacterial Trehalose Dimycolate but Is Not Required for Cell Recruitment, Cytokine Response, or Control of Mycobacterial Infection
Authors: Sakamoto Kaori , Geisel Rachel E. , Kim Mi-Jeong , Wyatt Bryce T. , Sellers Llewelyn B. , Smiley Stephen T. , Cooper Andrea M. , Russell David G. , Rhoades Elizabeth R. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTDuring inflammatory responses and wound healing, the conversion of soluble fibrinogen to fibrin, an insoluble extracellular matrix, long has been assumed to create a scaffold for the migration of leukocytes and fibroblasts. Previous studies concluded that fibrinogen is a necessary cofactor for mycobacterial trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate-induced responses, because trehalose dimycolate-coated beads, to which fibrinogen was adsorbed, were more inflammatory than those to which other plasma proteins were adsorbed. Herein, we investigate roles for fibrin(ogen) in anin vivomodel of mycobacterial granuloma formation and in infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. In wild-type mice, the subcutaneous injection of trehalose dimycolate-coated polystyrene microspheres, suspended within Matrigel, elicited a pyogranulomatous response during the course of 12 days. In fibrinogen-deficient mice, neutrophils were recruited but a more suppurative lesion developed, with the marked degradation and disintegration of the matrix. Compared to that in wild-type mice, the early formation of granulation tissue in fibrinogen-deficient mice was edematous, hypocellular, and disorganized. These deficiencies were complemented by the addition of exogenous fibrinogen. The absence of fibrinogen had no effect on cell recruitment or cytokine production in response to trehalose dimycolate, nor was there a difference in lung histopathology or overall bacterial burden in mice infected withMycobacterium tuberculosis. In this model, fibrin(ogen) was not required for cell recruitment, cytokine response, or response to infection, but it promoted granulation tissue formation and suppressed leukocyte necrosis.
Extracts of the Rat Tapeworm,Hymenolepis diminuta, Suppress Macrophage ActivationIn Vitroand Alleviate Chemically Induced Colitis in Mice
Authors: Johnston M. J. G. , Wang A. , Catarino M. E. D. , Ball L. , Phan V. C. , MacDonald J. A. , McKay D. M. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTAnalysis of parasite-host interactions can reveal the intricacies of immunity and identify ways to modulate immunopathological reactions. We assessed the ability of a phosphate-buffered saline-soluble extract of adultHymenolepis diminutato suppress macrophage (human THP-1 cell line, murine peritoneal macrophages) activityin vitroand the impact of treating mice with this extract on colitis induced by dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). A high-molecular-mass fraction of adultH. diminuta(HdHMW) or excretory/secretory products reduced macrophage activation: lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and poly(I:C)-induced TNF-α and IL-6 were suppressed byHdHMW. The active component in theHdHMW extract was minimally sensitive to boiling and trypsin digestion, whereas the use of sodium metaperiodate, as a general deglycosylation strategy, indicated that the immunosuppressive effect ofHdHMW was at least partially dependent on a glycan: treating theHdHMW with neuraminidase and α-mannosidase failed to inhibit its blockade of LPS-induced TNF-α production by THP-1 macrophages. Mice treated with DNBS developed colitis, as typified by wasting, shortening of the colon, macroscopic and microscopic tissue damage, and an inflammatory infiltrate. Mice cotreated withHdHMW (three intraperitoneal injections) displayed significantly less inflammatory disease, and this was accompanied by reduced TNF-α production and increased IL-10 and IL-4 production by mitogen-stimulated spleen cells. However, cotreatment of mice with neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibodies had only a minor impact on the anticolitic effect of theHdHMW. We speculate that purification of the immunosuppressive factor(s) fromH. diminutahas the potential to lead to the development of novel immunomodulatory drugs to treat inflammatory disease.
Dieting to win or to be thin? A study of dieting and disordered eating among adolescent elite athletes and non-athlete controls
Authors: Martinsen M , Bratland-Sanda S , Eriksson A K , Sundgot-Borgen J 
Published: December 2009

Objective:To examine the prevalence of dieting, reasons for dieting and prevalence of disordered eating among adolescent elite athletes and age-matched controls, and to examine the differences between athletes competing in leanness and non-leanness sports.Methods:First-year students of 16 different Norwegian Elite Sport High Schools (athlete group, n = 682) and two randomly selected ordinary high schools from a county representative of the general Norwegian population (control group, n = 423) were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. A total of 606 athletes and 355 controls completed the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 89% and 84%, respectively. The questionnaire contained questions regarding training patterns, menstrual status and history, dieting, use of pathogenic weight control methods and the drive for thinness (DT) and body dissatisfaction (BD) subscales from the Eating Disorders Inventory.Main outcome measure:Disordered eating, defined as meeting one or more of the following criteria: DT score ⩾15 (girls) and ⩾10 (boys), BD score ⩾14 (girls) and ⩾10 (boys), body mass index <17.9 kg/m2(girls) and <17.5 kg/m2(boys), current and/or ⩾3 previous efforts to lose weight, use of pathogenic weight control methods and self-reported menstrual dysfunction.Results:A higher prevalence of control subjects were dieting and classified with disordered eating compared with the athletes. An improvement of appearance was a more common reason for dieting among controls compared with athletes. No differences in dieting or disordered eating were found between leanness and non-leanness sports athletes.Conclusions:Self-reported disordered eating is more prevalent among controls than adolescent elite athletes, and losing weight to enhance performance is an important reason for dieting among adolescent elite athletes.