bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Residue Management, Rotations, and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Small Grain Production in Northwestern Kansas1
Authors: Harris Wallace W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisMoisture storage was increased 3 out of 6 years under stubble mulching and was not decreased the other 3 years. Grain yields were correlated with moisture available to the crop. Nitrate nitrogen in the soil was less under stubble mulch than under no‐residue but amounts were adequate to produce grain yields as great as possible with existing moisture supply. Fertilization with N increased the nitrate nitrogen content of the soil but had no effect on grain yields.
Soil Temperature and Phosphorus Effects upon Barley Growth1
Authors: Power J. F. , Grunes D. L. , Willis W. O. , Reichman G. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSoil temperatures near 59° F. were optimum for the growth of barley. By increasing the available P level, through either increased native soil or fertilizer P supply, the soil temperature range over which nearly maximum barley growth occurred was greatly increased. Growth responses to P fertilization were much more dependent upon soil temperature for soils low in P availability than for those medium in available P supply.
Effects of Soil Moisture and Nitrogen Fertilization of Irrigated Grain Sorghum on Dry Matter Production and Nitrogen Uptake at Selected Stages of Plant Development1
Authors: Herron G. M. , Grimes D. W. , Musick J. T. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisDuring seedling to crown root stages daily dry matter production was 30 to 50 pounds per acre and N uptake about 1 pound; both were increased only slightly by N fertilizer. During crown root through flowering stages increased growth and N uptake rates were further increased by irrigation and N fertilization, ranging from 240 to 340 pounds and from 4 to 6 pounds, respectively. Maximum production and N uptake occurred between soft and hard dough stages.
Molybdenum Status of Three Wisconsin Soils and Its Effect on Four Legume Crops1
Authors: Hagstrom G. R. , Berger K. C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisYields of red clover and yields, nodulation, and N content of soybeans were increased by soil applications of 2 pounds of Na2MoO4.2H2O per acre. Yields of lupines and yields, nodulation, and N content of canning peas were increased by treating the seeds with compounds of Mo. pH of the soils ranged from 5.0 to 5.3. Degree of nodulation and N content of red clover were not increased by Mo even though yields were increased 65%.
Relationship Between Transpiration and the Internal Water Relations of Plants1
Authors: Ehlig C. F. , Gardner W. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisBelow a characteristic diffusion pressure deficit value for each plant, the transpiration rate was proportional to the potential transpiration. Above this value, the transpiration rate tended to decrease, rapidly at first and then more slowly, with increasing DPD. The relative rate of water loss from initially turgid detached leaves decreased very markedly with decreasing water content at a water content of about 90% of that at full turgor and corresponding to a DPD of about 10 to 15 bars.
Effect of Soil Temperature and Phosphorus Fertilization on the Growth and Phosphorus Content of Corn1
Authors: Knoll H. A. , Brady N. C. , Lathwell D. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIn a greenhouse experiment using different root zone temperatures with two soils, no differences in corn growth were found as a result of fertilizer P sources. In both soils, growth, P content, and P uptake increased with increasing soil temperature and increasing P level in the soil.
Nitrogen Movement in Undisturbed Profiles of Fallowed Soils1
Authors: Boswell Fred C. , Anderson O. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAfter 27 inches of rainfall during 20 weeks on a sandy clay loam, essentially all the applied N remained in the top 2 feet. The same was true for a loamy sand after 10 inches of rainfall during 17 weeks. Though rainfall was above normal, appreciable amounts of N were recovered at depths of 36 to 72 inches 76 weeks after application.
Nitrogen Fertilization of Forage Mixtures Containing Differential Legume Percentages1
Authors: Kresge C. B. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisBest yield response to 100 pounds of N per acre occurred when the percent legume was less than 20% in a red clover‐orchardgrass association and less than 25% in a ladino clover‐orchardgrass association. Some clover percentages above 25% were reduced when 50 or 100 pounds of N per acre was applied.
Effect of Pre‐emergence Crabgrass Herbicides on Rhizome Development in Kentucky Bluegrass
Authors: Gaskin T. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisKentucky bluegrass plants treated with crabgrass herbicides showed reduction of rhizome number and length and number of tillers. Zytron, Dacthal, and Trifluralin produced the greatest reduction at 1½ times the standard rate. Bandane and Chlordane reduced rhizome development only at 1½ times the standard rate. Crab‐e‐rad reduced the number of tillers and length of rhizomes.
Studies on Water Requirement of Horticultural Crops. I. Influence of Drought at Different Growth Stages of Potato on the Tuber's Yield1
Authors: de Lis B. R. , Ponce I. , Tizio R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisRestrictions in irrigation on potato growing applied at different periods of their vegetative cycle produced a decrease of the tuber's yield for all the treatments compared to the check, with the exception of those planted without pre‐seeding irrigation. Statistical results show that drought treatment from stolonization to the beginning of tuberization gave significant differences as related to the check. Apparently the variety “White Rose” passes through the most critical water requirement period during this stage.
Competition for Light, Soil Moisture and Nutrients during Ladino Clover Establishment in Orchardgrass Sod1
Authors: Wilkinson S. R. , Gross C. F. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisLight and moisture appear to be critical factors in the establishment of ladino clover seedlings in a well‐fertilized orchardgrass sod. Good establishment was obtained in greenhouse cultures provided with high soil moisture and special techniques to prevent shading by the orchardgrass. Root competition reduced clover dry matter production approximately one‐half. The cause of this growth suppression was not defined, but was suggested to be primarily plant moisture stress.
Relation of Cotton Leaf Area Index to Plant Growth and Fruiting1
Authors: Ashley D. A. , Doss B. D. , Bennett O. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisLAI reached 1.0 approximately 6 to 8 weeks after emergence. It increased rapidly from 1.0 to 5.0 during the ensuing 6‐week period. The relationships between LAI and plant fruiting indicate that formation of new fruit was dependent on concurrent vegetative growth until LAI reached 5.0. Yields of seed cotton increased with an increase in size of plants in early season.
Varietal Differences in Seedling Emergence of Winter Wheats as Influenced by Temperature and Depth of Plants1
Authors: Burleigh J. R. , Allan R. E. , Vogel O. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisVarieties and selections with long coleoptiles emerged more rapidly than those characterized by shorter coleoptiles. Emergence rate indexes were found to parallel coleoptile length. Standard‐height varieties produced longer coleoptiles than the semidwarfs for all depths at 50° F., while at 90° semidwarf selection 14 × 53‐101 rated second at the 2‐inch and 4‐inch depths of planting. At the 3‐ and 4‐inch planting depths emergence was reduced between 15 and 49% at 50° and 48 to 81% at 90° when compared to emergence percent at the 2‐inch depth.
Effect of Stocking Pressure on Animal and Acre Output1
Authors: Bryant H. T. , Hammes R. C. , Blaser R. E. , Fontenot J. P. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisDaily gains of the steers on the lighter stocked pastures were greater than those on the heavier stocked pastures. However, a large difference in stocking pressure had to be imposed before the difference in either steer gains, carrying capacity, or herbage dry matter digestibility were significant.
Yield, Fiber Quality and Potassium Content of Irrigated Cotton Plants as Affected by Rates of Potassium1
Authors: Bennett O. L. , Rouse R. D. , Ashley D. A. , Doss B. D. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisPotassium applications increased yield of seed cotton, size of bolls, and fiber micronaire values, but decreased lint percentage. K content of plants increased in proportion to rate of K applied. Old leaves plus perioles gave the best indication of the K status of the plant. Fiber quality was best at lower rates of K.
Availability of Phosphorus in Rock Phosphate‐Sulfur Fusions1
Authors: Kittams H. A. , Attoe O. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisRecovery of P by ryegrass was inversely related to granule size and ratio of rock phosphate to sulfur. Both the 1:1 and 2:1 ratios of −40 mesh granules compared favorably with superphosphate as a source of P. Recovery of P from fusions added to calcareous soils was quite low. After 4 weeks incubation, the amounts of sulfur oxidized were quite similar for soil moisture contents between two‐thirds and twice field moisture capacity.
Differential Aluminum Tolerance of Wheat and Barley Varieties in Acid Soils1
Authors: Foy C. D. , Armiger W. H. , Briggle L. W. , Reid D. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisVarieties of wheat and of barley differed widely in their tolerance to acid soils containing high levels of KCl‐extractable Al. With few exceptions, varieties developed in the eastern United States were more tolerant than those developed in the Plains and Western States. Wheat varieties from Brazil were exceptionally tolerant. The results indicate that certain varieties have been selected for properties that are closely associated with their abilities to tolerate Al in acid soils.
Effect of Temperatures During Plant Development on the Fatty Acid Composition of Linseed Oil1
Authors: Yermanos D. M. , Goodin J. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisDifferential temperatures (constant 50°, 60°, 70°, and 80° F.) were applied before and after initiation of floral primordia in two varieties of seed flax. Pre‐flower treatments caused significant differences in vegetative development but did not affect fatty acid composition of the seed oil of either variety. Post‐flower‐temperature affected fatty acid composition of the oil drastically. Linolenic acid decreased and oleic acid increased as post‐flowering temperatures increased from 50°to 80° F. Linoleic acid was not affected significantly.
Transpiration Patterns of Wheat, Barley and Oat Seedlings Under Varying Conditions of Soil Moisture1
Authors: Salim M. H. , Todd Glenn W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisBarley plants had the lowest transpiration rate and oats the highest under both greenhouse and growth chamber conditions. For all plants there was a linear relationship between soil moisture content and transpiration loss. Plants subjected to a single period of moisture stress showed a marked reduction in transpiration from the prestress rate. Water use efficiency was the same for the 3 genera in the growth chamber, but in the greenhouse barley had a much greater efficiency than wheat or oats.
Survival of Turfgrass Seedlings Subjected to Induced Drouth Stress1
Authors: Wood Glen M. , Buckland Hollis E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTurfgrass seedlings were exposed in the growth chamber to alternate moist and severe drying conditions. ‘Park’ and ‘Merion’ had significantly more surviving seedlings than other bluegrasses following subjection to drouth treatments. Final survival of one Merion seed lot was significantly higher than that of any of the other turf grasses. Most of the Merion survival was the result of delayed seedling emergence occurring during a prolonged moist period before the final period of drouth stress.Initial emergence of the red fescues under moist conditions was considerably faster than for the bluegrasses, but ‘Pennlawn’ and ‘Rainier’ red fescues were significantly slower than Park Kentucky bluegrass. Rainier red fescue appeared to have somewhat greater resistance to vegetative desiccation resulting in death than the other fescues.Evidence was obtained that new fescue seedlings could emerge, and that generally bluegrasses could not, during brief moist intervals between periods of drouth.Following three periods of induced drouth, both lots of Chewings red fescue had significantly fewer seedlings than did the other fescues.Except after the final very severe period of stress, red fescue seedlings were generally present in significantly greater numbers than were the bluegrasses.In these tests common red fescue was equal or superior to the named fescue cultivars in over‐all drouth tolerance.
Effect of Plant Population and Row Spacing on Soybean Development and Production1
Authors: Weber C. R. , Shibles R. M. , Byth D. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDry weight (DW) production of ‘Hawkeye’ soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) was highly correlated with leaf area index (LAI) accumulation. Those plant population‐arrangement combinations favoring a rapid attainment of high LAI (i.e., high plant populations and narrow row spacings) were those also having the greatest DW accumulation. However, the rate of DW production in soybeans was shown previously to be a function of LAI only up to a particular LAI. Further, maximum seed yield occurred at less than maximum LAI and at generally lower populations and narrower row spacings. Highest seed yield occurred in 10‐inch rows with 104,544 plants per acre, while DW was maximized in 5‐inch rows with 209,088 plants per acre. LAI and DW produced at stage 9 were not good predictors of seed yield.Plants produced at highest densities were taller, more sparsely branched, lodged more, and set fewer pods and seed than those plants at lower densities. Thus, the seed yield reduction resulting suggested more severe plant competition at higher plant densities. Plant spacing and population had a small effect on protein and oil content.
Boron Fertilization of Corn in Minnesota1
Authors: Peterson J. R. , MacGregor J. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSix fields (5 soil types) of corn were treated with soluble boron at different rates and methods of application during 1961 and 1962. A fritted trace element treatment (FTE‐502) was included in 1961, but a lighter application of FTE‐504 in 1962. No boron deficiency symptoms were observed at any growth stage, either on the corn foliage or on the ears. Leaf B concentrations on untreated soil were generally related to soluble soil B. Boron applied either in the corn row or as foliar spray resulted in the highest leaf B concentrations and broadcast B resulted in a lower level. Upper corn leaves sampled in mid‐August were highest in B. Optimum leaf sampling at this time is suggested. These five Minnesota soils, having a water‐soluble B content of 0.33 to 1.58 ppm, apparently do not require B applications for maximum corn production at this time.
Phosphorus Uptake by Corn (Zea mays L.) Under No‐Tillage and Conventional Practices1
Authors: Singh T. A. , Thomas G. W. , Moschler W. W. , Martens D. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractField investigations were conducted in 1963 and 1964 on Wellston loam to compare uptake of applied phosphate under no‐tillage and conventional tillage methods of growing corn. P32 labelled superphosphate was applied to the soil surface in no‐tillage and rototilled into the upper 5 inches of the soil for conventional tillage.In 1963 no significant differences in fertilizer P uptake were found but the total P content of corn leaves was higher where the phosphate was applied on the surface, at the first two sampling dates. There were no significant differences at the last two sampling dates.In 1964 both the uptake of fertilizer P and total P content of the corn leaves were larger at the first sampling date where the phosphate was surface applied than where it was incorporated into the soil. No significant differences occurred at the last three sampling dates.
Effect of Soil Temperature at Different Growth Stages on Growth and Development of Potato Plants1
Authors: Epstein Eliot 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of soil temperature on potato growth depended on the stage of growth of the plant. The three growth stages studied were (a) planting to emergence, (b) emergence to 30 days, and (c) 30 days to maturity.In the first growth stages the plants did not emerge at 48F. However, if the potato plants were allowed to emerge, growth stage (b), and then placed at 48F, top growth developed. In the second growth stage (b) root growth was less sensitive to temperature differentials than top growth.In the third growth stage (c) soil temperature affected root concentration with depth but did not influence root distribution in a lateral direction. Tuber yield increased with increased temperature to 72F and then decreased at 84F. At 84F specific gravity of tuber was lower than at the other temperatures studied. Tuber shape was also affected by high soil temperature.
Efficiency of Fertilizer Urea as Affected by Method of Application, Soil Moisture, and Lime1
Authors: Volk Gaylord M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe persistence of surface‐applied urea and comparative crop responses to solution and solid N sources including urea were studied on sandy soils of pH 5.4 to 6.0 and 1.7 to 2.5% organic matter. Over 80% of prilled urea applied to a soil with an air‐dry surface under field conditions did not hydrolyze within 14 days, and from 42 to 72% persisted where a soil surface was only temporarily moist from recent tillage or irrigation, even though heavy dews formed nightly. With an exposed surface, continuously moist from a high water table, urea completely hydrolyzed within 7 days, with 65% of the applied N not accounted for as NH4+ and assumed largely lost as NH3 gas.Response of pasture grasses usually showed urea to be inferior to other N sources, with ammonium nitrate being the most consistently superior. Efficiency of urea and solutions appeared to be increased by rain immediately after application. Surface liming depressed responses to urea and materials containing ammonium‐N. Response of sweet corn to side dressings of urea was slightly inferior to responses to solid or solution‐N materials containing nitrate‐N, apparently as a result of faster penetration of NO3‐ as compared to NH4+ when moisture permitted. Covering urea or applying it on a temporarily moist vs dry surface had no differentiating effect.Persistence of urea on air‐dry or temporarily moist soil surface until incorporated by tillage or rainfall vs rapid loss of NH3 if a moist surface persists is a logical explanation of erratic responses to surface‐applied urea.
Seed Yield Losses from Lodging and Combine Harvesting in Soybeans1
Authors: Weber C. R. , Fehr W. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSoybean seed yield losses due to lodging and to combine harvesting were evaluated for 3 years. The combine yield loss attributable to lodging averaged 29 pounds per acre, or 1.3%. Combine yield losses for 3.5, 5.0, and 6.5 inches of cut were 5.4, 9.4, and 12.2%, respectively. Using a linear relationship, there was an average yield loss of 38 pounds per acre, or 1.9%, for each inch of cut from ground line to 6.5 inches and 46 pounds per acre, or 2.3%, loss for each inch of cut from 3.5 to 6.5 inches.Physiological effects of lodging were evaluated for 3 years with 7 soybean varieties by using 2 treatments, staking and nonstaking. Prevention of lodging increased yield 320 pounds per acre or 13.0%, decreased seed size 0.3 gram per 100 seeds, delayed maturity 2 days, and increased plant height 3 inches. Pod number, seed number, and seed size determinations indicated that the increase in seed yield was primarily due to an increased number of pods and seeds in the staked varieties.
Phenolic Acids in Oats, Wheat, Sorghum, and Corn Residues and Their Phytotoxicity1
Authors: Guenzi W. D. , McCalla T. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFive phenolic acids, ferulic, p‐coumaric, syringic, vanillic, and p‐hydroxybenzoic, were quantitatively estimated in corn, wheat, sorghum, and oats residues, p‐Coumaric acid was present in greater concentration than the other acids. Acid and base hydrolysis were used to free the acids from the bound form. Higher concentrations of phenolic acids were found in the alkaline hydrolysate, indicating that the acids are probably bound by an ester‐type linkage. Concentrations of the cinnamic acid derivatives in the acid hydrolysate are probably low due to the breakdown of the free phenolic acids after acid hydrolysis. It appears that under ideal decomposition conditions, p‐coumaric acid might be released in sufficient quantity in localized areas of the soil to affect plant growth.
Plant Ethanol Content as an Index of the Soil‐Oxygen Status1
Authors: Aubertin G. M. , Rickman R. W. , Letey J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe feasibility of using the plant ethanol content as a measure of the soil‐oxygen status was investigated. No satisfactory correlation between the oxygen status of the growth media and the plant ethanol content was found. The plant ethanol content was related to the plant's morphological age and development as well as the oxygen treatments imposed. The results of these experiments appear to rule out this method as a diagnostic method of characterizing the oxygen status of the growth medium.The findings have considerable implication when one considers the use of the plant ethanol content as a measure of the soil oxygen status.First, plants grown under continuous low root zone oxygen conditions for an extended length of time do not exhibit the high ethanol content which plants grown under an adequate oxygen supply in the root zone do after suddenly being subjected to a low root zone oxygen supply for short periods of time. This means that this method would not be suitable for detecting prolonged periods of unfavorable oxygen conditions, but may, under certain instances, be useful in detecting periods of short adverse oxygen conditions.Second, the dependency of the plant ethanol content on the plant's morphological age overshadows the effects of the oxygen stresses imposed on the plant grown continuously under conditions of adverse oxygen supply, thus making the selection of individual plants selected for measurements extremely critical.Third, the large variability in the values of ethanol content obtained from individual plants apparently at the same morphological age, when grown continuously under a given set of oxygen stresses, makes the use of this method for predicting the soil oxygen status from measurements of the plant ethanol content very doubtful.
Sample Changer for Thermocouple Psychrometers: Construction and Some Applications1
Authors: Campbell G. S. , Zollinger W. D. , Taylor S. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA sample chamber capable of holding six samples has been designed and used with Peltier and wet‐loop vapor pressure psychrometers for measuring the water potential of both plant tissues and soil. Two modifications of the basic design are found useful, one for soil, and another for plant leaf tissues. A punch designed to take samples of leaf tissue and position them directly into the measuring chamber also was constructed. Gradients in plant water potential along with single leaves were measured. Data are presented for such gradients in corn leaves and in horse chestnut leaves. Potentials were higher near the stem or stalk and decreased as the tip or edge of the leaf was approached.