bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National trends in carotid artery revascularization surgery
Authors: Dumont Travis M. , Rughani Anand I. 
Published: April 2012

Object
Several randomized trials have emerged with conflicting data on the overall safety of carotid artery stenting (CAS) in comparison with carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The authors hypothesize that changes in national trends correspond to publication of randomized trials, including an increase in utilization of CAS after publication of trials favorable to CAS (for example, Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study [CAVATAS] and Stenting and Angioplasty with Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endarterectomy [SAPPHIRE]) and decrease in utilization of CAS after publication of trials favorable to CEA (for example, Endarterectomy versus Stenting in Patients with Symptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis [EVA3-S] and Stent-Supported Percutaneous Angioplasty of the Carotid Artery versus Endarterectomy [SPACE]).

Methods
The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was obtained for the years 1998–2008. Individual cases were isolated for principal diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral carotid artery stenosis or occlusion undergoing CEA or CAS. The percentage of CAS for all carotid revascularization procedures was calculated for each year. Perioperative inpatient morbidity, including stroke or death, were calculated and compared.

Results
The percentage of patients undergoing CAS increased yearly from the start of the observed period to the end, with the exception of a decrease in 2007. The peak utilization of CAS for carotid artery revascularization procedures was 15% of all cases in 2006. The stroke or death rate was consistent at 5% among all patients undergoing CEA for all years, while the incidence of stroke or death decreased among patients undergoing CAS from 9% in 1998 to 5% in 2008.

Conclusions
The practice of CAS in the US is expanding, from less than 3% of all carotid artery revascularization procedures to 13% in 2008. The utilization of CAS was seen to correlate with publication of randomized trials. Utilization nearly doubled in 2005 after publication of the CAS-favorable SAPPHIRE in 2004, and decreased by 22% after publication of the CEA-favorable EVA-3S and SPACE in 2007. With the publication of Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (CREST), the authors predict a resultant increase in the rate of CAS for carotid artery disease in the upcoming years.
Multimodality management of Spetzler-Martin Grade III arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Pandey Paritosh , Marks Michael P. , Harraher Ciara D. , Westbroek Erick M. , Chang Steven D. , Do Huy M. , Levy Richard P. , Dodd Robert L. , Steinberg Gary K. 
Published: April 2012

Object
Grade III arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are diverse because of their variations in size (S), location in eloquent cortex (E), and presence of central venous drainage (V). Because they may have implications for management and outcome, the authors evaluated these variations in the present study.

Methods
Between 1984 and 2010, 100 patients with Grade III AVMs were treated. The AVMs were categorized by Spetzler-Martin characteristics as follows: Type 1 = S1E1V1, Type 2 = S2E1V0, Type 3 = S2E0V1, and Type 4 = S3E0V0. The occurrence of a new neurological deficit, functional status (based on modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score) at discharge and follow-up, and radiological obliteration were correlated with demographic and morphological characteristics.

Results
One hundred patients (49 female and 51 male; age range 5–68 years, mean 35.8 years) were evaluated. The size of AVMs was less than 3 cm in 28 patients, 3–6 cm in 71, and greater than 6 cm in 1; 86 AVMs were located in eloquent cortex and 38 had central drainage. The AVMs were Type 1 in 28 cases, Type 2 in 60, Type 3 in 11, and Type 4 in 1. The authors performed embolization in 77 patients (175 procedures), surgery in 64 patients (74 surgeries), and radiosurgery in 49 patients (44 primary and 5 postoperative).
The mortality rate following the management of these AVMs was 1%. Fourteen patients (14%) had new neurological deficits, with 5 (5%) being disabling (mRS score > 2) and 9 (9%) being nondisabling (mRS score ≤ 2) events. Patients with Type 1 AVMs (small size) had the best outcome, with 1 (3.6%) in 28 having a new neurological deficit, compared with 72 patients with larger AVMs, of whom 13 (18.1%) had a new neurological deficit (p < 0.002). Older age (> 40 years), malformation size > 3 cm, and nonhemorrhagic presentation predicted the occurrence of new deficits (p < 0.002). Sex, eloquent cortex, and venous drainage did not confer any benefit.
In 89 cases follow-up was adequate for data to be included in the obliteration analysis. The AVM was obliterated in 78 patients (87.6%), 69 of them (88.5%) demonstrated on angiography and 9 on MRI /MR angiography. There was no difference between obliteration rates between different types of AVMs, size, eloquence, and drainage. Age, sex, and clinical presentation also did not predict obliteration.

Conclusions
Multimodality management of Grade III AVMs results in a high rate of obliteration, which was not influenced by size, venous drainage, or eloquent location. However, the development of new neurological deficits did correlate with size, whereas eloquence and venous drainage did not affect the neurological complication rate. The authors propose subclassifying the Grade III AVMs according to their size (< 3 and ≥ 3 cm) to account for treatment risk.
Cigarette smoking: a risk factor for postoperative morbidity and 1-year mortality following craniotomy for tumor resection
Authors: Lau Darryl , Ziewacz John E. , Siddiqi Hasan K. , Pelly Amanda , Sullivan Stephen E. , El-Sayed Abdulrahman M. 
Published: April 2012

Object
Identifying risk factors for surgical morbidity and mortality might improve the safety and efficacy of neurosurgical intervention. Cigarette smoking is a relatively common practice and is associated with several adverse health outcomes. The authors examined the relationship between smoking and intraoperative blood loss, postoperative outcomes, and survival following craniotomy for tumor resection.

Methods
A consecutive population of patients undergoing craniotomy for tumor resection between 2006 and 2009 was identified. Using multivariable models and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the authors assessed the relation between smoking and operative outcomes including blood loss, complication rates, hospital length of stay, 30-day mortality, and 1-year survival among patients who underwent craniotomy for tumor resection.

Results
A total of 453 patients were included in this study: 237 patients never smoked, 54 quit smoking for at least 1 year, and 162 were current smokers. Current smoking status was an independent risk factor for higher intraoperative blood loss, complication risk, and lower 1-year survival following intervention relative to patients who never smoked. Patients who quit smoking had significantly higher mean blood loss, but did not carry a higher risk for other outcomes such as postoperative complications and 1-year mortality compared with patients who never smoked.

Conclusions
Current cigarette smoking is associated with poor surgical outcome and lower 1-year survival after undergoing craniotomy for tumor resection. However, quitting smoking and implementing strict smoking cessation programs may help mitigate these risks. Future research might investigate mechanisms underlying these associations.
Individuality as Reliability: A Dog Trainer's Guide to Nietzsche
Authors: Havas Randall 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Meaning, in the sense that interests Nietzsche, is possible only on the basis of what he calls “obedience over a long period of time and in a single direction” (BGE 188). That he considers one's authority as a speaker to be in this way a function of obedience suggests that a better understanding of training more generally might help us understand his conception of the achievement of intelligibility. To that end, I begin an exploration in this article of the notions of authority and obedience in Nietzsche's work through the perspective of the formal obedience training of dogs. I contend that understanding the distinction between predictability and reliability in the context of dog training sheds new light on what we might think of as the normative dimension of the sovereign individual's reliability as described in the Genealogy and helps to make clear why, for Nietzsche, individuality is best understood as a form of mutuality.
Translating Nietzsche: The Case of Kaufmann
Authors: Schacht Richard 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
No one has loomed larger in Nietzsche's English-language translation history (and interpretation history) than Walter Kaufmann. We owe much to him. It seems to me, however, that just as he needed surpassing as an interpreter, he also needs surpassing as a translator; for there is a good deal that is problematic about his Nietzsche translations, in a variety of respects—some of which has affected his interpretation in ways that I consider unfortunate. I identify and discuss a number of my specific concerns, drawing attention to some of the texts and aspects of Nietzsche's thought that tend to be perceived and understood (by English-speaking readers) in questionable ways to which Kaufmann's translation decisions have contributed. My larger intention is to use this “case” to underscore the need for English-speaking interpreters of Nietzsche to pay close and careful attention to what he actually says in his German texts.
Schwann cell glycogen selectively supports myelinated axon function
Authors: Brown Angus M. , Evans Richard D. , Black Joel , Ransom Bruce R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective:Interruption of energy supply to peripheral axons is a cause of axon loss. We determined whether glycogen was present in mammalian peripheral nerve, and whether it supported axon conduction during aglycemia.Methods:We used biochemical assay and electron microscopy to determine the presence of glycogen, and electrophysiology to monitor axon function.Results:Glycogen was present in sciatic nerve, its concentration varying directly with ambient glucose. Electron microscopy detected glycogen granules primarily in myelinating Schwann cell cytoplasm, and these diminished after exposure to aglycemia. During aglycemia, conduction failure in large myelinated axons (A fibers) mirrored the time course of glycogen loss. Latency to compound action potential (CAP) failure was directly related to nerve glycogen content at aglycemia onset. Glycogen did not benefit the function of slow‐conducting, small‐diameter unmyelinated axons (C fibers) during aglycemia. Blocking glycogen breakdown pharmacologically accelerated CAP failure during aglycemia in A fibers, but not in C fibers. Lactate was as effective as glucose in supporting sciatic nerve function, and was continuously released into the extracellular space in the presence of glucose and fell rapidly during aglycemia.Interpretation:Our findings indicated that glycogen is present in peripheral nerve, primarily in myelinating Schwann cells, and exclusively supports large‐diameter, myelinated axon conduction during aglycemia. Available evidence suggests that peripheral nerve glycogen breaks down during aglycemia and is passed, probably as lactate, to myelinated axons to support function. Unmyelinated axons are not protected by glycogen and are more vulnerable to dysfunction during periods of hypoglycemia. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:406–418.
Stakeholder perspectives on dissemination and implementation of a prospective surveillance model of rehabilitation for breast cancer treatment
Authors: Stout Nicole L. , Andrews Kimberly , Binkley Jill M. , Schmitz Kathryn H. , Smith Robert A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe prospective surveillance model proposes a paradigm shift in the delivery of care for patients with breast cancer. The model is based on clinical research and clinical practice experience that was reviewed and discussed at a multidisciplinary meeting. The model identifies critical physical sequelae of treatment as well as timeframes for identification of and surveillance for these issues. Although the model of ongoing assessment for physical impairment and early rehabilitative intervention creates a framework for care, broad support and active dissemination among a variety of stakeholders will be required to transform patient care. Translating research findings to transform practice often occurs on a protracted timeline. The authors sought participation from a variety of stakeholder representatives throughout the process of creating this model in an effort to ensure that it reflects the realities of the patient experience and care delivery, to incorporate their input regarding the construct and viability of the model, and to potentiate effective and efficient strategies for implementation. This article summarizes comments from stakeholder representatives concerning the prospective surveillance model for rehabilitation for women treated for breast cancer. Concerns addressed include the scope of impairments included in the model, the potential creation of barriers to exercise and participation in community exercise programs, and cost and feasibility issues. Stakeholder disseminations strategies are also presented. Overall, there is recognition by the stakeholder group that this model calls attention to important unmet needs and defines a crucial opportunity to improve care for breast cancer survivors. Cancer 2012;118(8 suppl):. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Integrating a prospective surveillance model for rehabilitation into breast cancer survivorship care
Authors: Gerber Lynn H. , Stout Nicole L. , Schmitz Kathryn H. , Stricker Carrie T. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAt some point during or after treatment, breast cancer may be considered a chronic illness, presenting many choices for managing the disease, its adverse treatment‐related effects, other medical comorbidities as well as the biobehavioral burden of having a life‐threatening disease, even for individuals with potentially curable breast cancer. Health care models, such as the chronic care model, the medical home, and the shared care model, provide a context for building survivorship health care models. Goals and characteristics of recently proposed shared care models for cancer survivorship health care delivery closely align with the goals and concepts of the prospective surveillance model (PSM) proposed elsewhere in this supplement to the journal Cancer. Given these similarities, along with the growth and expansion of survivorship care models and impending mandates for delivery, there is merit to considering how implementation of the PSM can be integrated with models of survivorship care delivery. The PSM model will likely face many similar challenges and barriers that have impeded widespread dissemination of other survivorship models of care. There exist opportunities to integrate lessons learned as well as to align efforts to achieve greater impact on the shared goal of improving health outcomes for breast cancer survivors. Cancer 2012;118(8 suppl):. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Cost considerations regarding the prospective surveillance model for breast cancer survivors
Authors: Cheville Andrea L. , Nyman John A. , Pruthi Sandhya , Basford Jeffrey R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFor this article, the authors examined the cost implications of the prospective surveillance model (PSM) for breast cancer (BC) survivors, a comprehensive framework designed to preemptively reduce the incidence and virulence of common impairments. The model clearly has the potential of providing significant benefits. However, its accompanying costs and resource requirements remain unclear and may be substantial. Thus, it is critical to examine which BC survivors may benefit from the PSM, how much they will benefit, and the costs of this benefit before its implementation. Because the PSM is not rigidly prescriptive, its examination must allow for different scenarios with emphasis on 4 critical determinants of cost—whether all or only high‐risk BC survivors participate, assessment frequencies and locations, the credentials of the assessors, and requirements for supportive equipment. Another issue is the distribution of its cost: hypothetical implementation strategies vary widely in their distribution of fiscal burden across key stakeholders—survivors, providers, and payers—whose financial responsibilities will be an important factor in whether and how rapidly they adopt the PSM. Accurate valuation of the PSM will require capture of direct and indirect cost savings and benefits. Currently, a lack of data regarding these parameters, as well as outcomes that can be reliably attributed to the PSM, impedes cost‐effectiveness analyses. Because the PSM may enhance many health state characteristics, assessments that integrate overall composite measures with evaluations of common, discrete impairments may be required to comprehensively assess its benefits. Cancer 2012;118(8 suppl):. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
A prospective surveillance model for rehabilitation for women with breast cancer
Authors: Stout Nicole L. , Binkley Jill M. , Schmitz Kathryn H. , Andrews Kimberly , Hayes Sandra C. , Campbell Kristin L. , McNeely Margaret L. , Soballe Peter W. , Berger Ann M. , Cheville Andrea L. , Fabian Carol , Gerber Lynn H. , Harris Susan R. , Johansson Karin , Pusic Andrea L. , Prosnitz Robert G. , Smith Robert A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current model of care for individuals with breast cancer focuses on treatment of the disease, followed by ongoing surveillance to detect recurrence. This approach lacks attention to patients' physical and functional well‐being. Breast cancer treatment sequelae can lead to physical impairments and functional limitations. Common impairments include pain, fatigue, upper‐extremity dysfunction, lymphedema, weakness, joint arthralgia, neuropathy, weight gain, cardiovascular effects, and osteoporosis. Evidence supports prospective surveillance for early identification and treatment as a means to prevent or mitigate many of these concerns. This article proposes a prospective surveillance model for physical rehabilitation and exercise that can be integrated with disease treatment to create a more comprehensive approach to survivorship health care. The goals of the model are to promote surveillance for common physical impairments and functional limitations associated with breast cancer treatment; to provide education to facilitate early identification of impairments; to introduce rehabilitation and exercise intervention when physical impairments are identified; and to promote and support physical activity and exercise behaviors through the trajectory of disease treatment and survivorship.METHODS:The model is the result of a multidisciplinary meeting of research and clinical experts in breast cancer survivorship and representatives of relevant professional and advocacy organizations.RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS:The proposed model identifies time points during breast cancer care for assessment of and education about physical impairments. Ultimately, implementation of the model may influence incidence and severity of breast cancer treatment‐related physical impairments. As such, the model seeks to optimize function during and after treatment and positively influence a growing survivorship community. Cancer 2012;118(8 suppl):. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Judicial settlement‐seeking in parenting disputes: Consensus and controversy
Authors: Semple Noel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe judicial role in child custody and visitation disputes has traditionally been understood as one of authoritative decision‐making. However this new empirical research suggests that many family court judges prioritize the pursuit of voluntary settlement in pre‐trial conferences, using evaluative and facilitative mediation techniques. Drawing on qualitative interviews with judges and other family law professionals in Toronto and New York City, this article identifies points of consensus and controversy among settlement‐seeking family judges. Despite the general support for settlement‐seeking, there are substantial differences of opinion regarding coercion, due process, and the meaning of the best interests of the child standard.
Consciousness and conflict (explained better?)
Authors: McGuigan Richard , Popp Nancy 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntegral Conflict presents a new map of conflict. Drawing on the work of James Mark Baldwin, William James, Ken Wilber, Leslie Combs, and others, we focus on the evolution of consciousness within the experience of conflict, refracting human experience into its four fundamental dimensions: individual and collective; internal and external. Using the River Conflict as a real‐life case study, the authors illustrate how an integral approach to conflict analysis and action allows practitioners to choose among the most relevant and effective tools, techniques, and insights to more effectively support the constructive engagement of conflict.
Hyponatremia in cirrhosis
Authors: Sigal Samuel H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHyponatremia is common in patients with cirrhosis. Portal hypertension, diuretics, large volume paracentesis without albumin, infection, and multiple medications are connected with the development or worsening of hyponatremia. Hyponatremia in cirrhosis, particularly advanced cirrhosis, is a common development.1 In a population survey of 997 patients with cirrhosis, 486 (49.4%) and 211 (21.6%) had a serum sodium concentration ([Na+]) <135 mEq/L and ≤130 mEq/L, respectively.2 Hyponatremia and its severity correlate with the presence of severe complications of cirrhosis such as hepatorenal syndrome, encephalopathy, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The presence of hyponatremia frequently complicates the management of the cirrhotic patient. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; 7:S14–S17. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Analysis of bladder vascular resistance before and after prostatic surgery in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction
Authors: Wada Naoki , Watanabe Masaki , Kita Masafumi , Matsumoto Seiji , Kakizaki Hidehiro 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAimsTo evaluate bladder vascular resistance before and after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).MethodsThirty‐three patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction were prospectively studied. We analyzed correlations of bladder vascular resistance with various factors including age, vascular risk factors, symptom score, prostate volume (PV), and urodynamic parameters before and 3 months after TURP. Using contrast‐enhanced color Doppler ultrasonography for measuring bladder vascular resistance, resistive index (RI) of vesical arteries was calculated.ResultsCompared with healthy young male (n = 10) and age‐matched controls (n = 10), the study patients had a higher preoperative RI (0.403 ± 0.100, 0.436 ± 0.042, and 0.561 ± 0.089, respectively; P < 0.01). Preoperative RI was significantly higher in patients with PV ≥ 60 ml versus <60 ml (0.604 ± 0.078 vs. 0.525 ± 0.082; P < 0.01), and in patients with severe obstruction versus mild/moderate obstruction (0.615 ± 0.087 vs. 0.534 ± 0.078; P = 0.017). Overall RI decreased significantly after TURP (from 0.561 ± 0.089 to 0.450 ± 0.086; P < 0.001). In patients with persistent urgency after TURP, RI was less improved than in those without urgency after TURP (change of RI 0.068 ± 0.098 vs. 0.135 ± 0.090; P < 0.05). This study was limited by a small sample size.ConclusionsBladder vascular resistance in patients with LUTS was elevated in correlation with PV and severity of obstruction. Although bladder vascular resistance decreased significantly after TURP in overall patients, less reduction of vascular resistance was related to persistent urgency after TURP, implying that persistent urgency after TURP might be caused by persistent bladder ischemia. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:659–663, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.