bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Human Auricular Cartilage to Guide Tissue‐Engineered Nanofiber‐Based Chondrogenesis
Authors: Dahl John P. , Caballero Montserrat , Pappa Andrew K. , Madan Gitanjali , Shockley William W. , van Aalst John A. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveNanofiber‐supported, in vitro–generated cartilage may represent an optimal starting material for the development of a cartilage implant for use in microtia reconstruction. To do so, the authors aim to first characterize the molecular composition of endogenous auricular cartilage and determine if human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) can be differentiated into cartilage in vitro.Study DesignProspective, controlled.SettingAcademic research laboratory.Subjects and MethodsHuman ear cartilage from normal adults, pediatric patients with microtia, and pediatric patients with preauricular appendages (n = 2) was analyzed for collagens I, II, and X and elastin expression. In parallel, hUCMSCs were cultured on either polycaprolactone (PCL) or D, L‐lactide‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) nanofiber scaffolds for 21 days under chondrogenic conditions. Cells were harvested for histologic, biochemical, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Control cells were grown under both chondrogenic and nonchondrogenic conditions in the absence of nanofiber scaffolds.ResultsHistological analysis of human ear cartilage revealed similar levels and distribution of collagens I and X and elastin. Collagen II was not highly expressed in the microtia samples. hUCMSC cultures stained positively for glycosaminosglycans (GAG) and sulfated proteoglycans. Compared to control cells, hUCMSCs grown on PLGA nanofiber scaffolds had a higher differentiation index (P ≤. 012) and higher levels of collagen X mRNA expression (P ≤. 006).ConclusionThese data provide information regarding the composition of endogenous ear cartilage and suggest that hUCMSCs grown on PLGA nanofiber scaffolds may represent an optimal starting material for the development of a cartilage implant for use in microtia reconstruction.
Transaxillary Subpectoral Augmentation Mammaplasty: A Single Surgeon’s 20-Year Experience
Authors: Huang Georgeanna J , Wichmann Julian L , Mills Dan C 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundTransaxillary subpectoral augmentation mammaplasty (TASPA) is not widely accepted due to perceived limitations in pocket access, visualization, control, and subsequent risk for postoperative complications. Current published data do little to substantiate or refute those claims.ObjectiveA retrospective chart review of a single surgeon’s 20-year experience with the TASPA technique was undertaken to assess the incidence of total secondary procedures, implant-related revisions, and reoperations unrelated to the implant.MethodsThe senior author (DCM) performed 1776 primary TASPA procedures from January 1989 through December 2008. Of those, 94 patients did not meet inclusion criteria, leaving a total of 1682 records for analysis. Data reviewed included age, date of surgery, race, implant size and type, manufacturer, and reasons for reoperation.ResultsAverage age was 32.7 ± 8.1 years (range, 16-62). Average implant size was 438.5 ± 51.5 cc (range, 270-630). Implants from Allergan/Inamed/McGhan (Irvine, CA), Dow-Corning (Midland, MI), Mentor (Santa Barbara, CA), and Surgitek (Racine, PA) were inserted (n = 2094 saline, n = 1270 silicone). Mean follow-up time was 37.9 ± 45.4 months (range, one month to 19.8 years). Excluding staged mastopexies and treatment for breast cancer, total secondary procedures were required in 225 patients (13.4%). Implant-related revisions included malposition (2.97%), size change (2.5%), and capsular contracture (1.9%). Perioperatively, no infections occurred, and two patients (0.12%) experienced hematoma. Most reoperations (62.8%) were performed through the axilla. Comparison to published data showed an equal or lower rate of capsular contracture, hematoma, and infection with the TASPA approach.ConclusionsGiven its advantages of an inconspicuous scar, decreased infection, and decreased capsular contracture, TASPA can be safely offered to patients as an option in breast augmentation.
Host-derived adiponectin is tumor-suppressive and a novel therapeutic target for multiple myeloma and the associated bone disease
Authors: Fowler Jessica A. , Lwin Seint T. , Drake Matthew T. , Edwards James R. , Kyle Robert A. , Mundy Gregory R. , Edwards Claire M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe contributions of the host microenvironment to the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma, including progression from the non-malignant disorder monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, are poorly understood. In the present study, microarray analysis of a murine model requiring a unique host microenvironment for myeloma development identified decreased host-derived adiponectin compared with normal mice. In support, clinical analysis revealed decreased serum adiponectin concentrations in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance patients who subsequently progressed to myeloma. We investigated the role of adiponectin in myeloma pathogenesis and as a treatment approach, using both mice deficient in adiponectin and pharmacologic enhancement of circulating adiponectin. Increased tumor burden and bone disease were observed in myeloma-bearing adiponectin-deficient mice, and adiponectin was found to induce myeloma cell apoptosis. The apolipoprotein peptide mimetic L-4F was used for pharmacologic enhancement of adiponectin. L-4F reduced tumor burden, increased survival of myeloma-bearing mice, and prevented myeloma bone disease. Collectively, our studies have identified a novel mechanism whereby decreased host-derived adiponectin promotes myeloma tumor growth and osteolysis. Furthermore, we have established the potential therapeutic benefit of increasing adiponectin for the treatment of myeloma and the associated bone disease.
The role of the fibula in varus and valgus deformity of the tibia
Authors: Stufkens S. A. , van Bergen C. J. , Blankevoort L. , van Dijk C. N. , Hintermann B. , Knupp M. 
Published: September 2011

It has been suggested that a supramalleolar osteotomy can return the load distribution in the ankle joint to normal. However, due to the lack of biomechanical data, this supposition remains empirical. The purpose of this biomechanical study was to determine the effect of simulated supramalleolar varus and valgus alignment on the tibiotalar joint pressure, in order to investigate its relationship to the development of osteoarthritis. We also wished to establish the rationale behind corrective osteotomy of the distal tibia. We studied 17 cadaveric lower legs and quantified the changes in pressure and force transfer across the tibiotalar joint for various degrees of varus and valgus deformity in the supramalleolar area. We assumed that a supramalleolar osteotomy which created a varus deformity of the ankle would result in medial overload of the tibiotalar joint. Similarly, we thought that creating a supramalleolar valgus deformity would cause a shift in contact towards the lateral side of the tibiotalar joint. The opposite was observed. The restricting role of the fibula was revealed by carrying out an osteotomy directly above the syndesmosis. In end-stage ankle osteoarthritis with either a valgus or varus deformity, the role of the fibula should be appreciated and its effect addressed where appropriate.
An evaluation of the radiological changes around the Grammont reverse geometry shoulder arthroplasty after eight to 12 years
Authors: Melis B. , DeFranco M. , Lädermann A. , Molé D. , Favard L. , Nérot C. , Maynou C. , Walch G. 
Published: September 2011

Radiological changes and differences between cemented and uncemented components of Grammont reverse shoulder arthroplasties (DePuy) were analysed at a mean follow-up of 9.6 years (8 to 12). Of 122 reverse shoulder arthroplasties implanted in five shoulder centres between 1993 and 2000, a total of 68 (65 patients) were available for study. The indications for reversed shoulder arthroplasty were cuff tear arthropathy in 48 shoulders, revision of shoulder prostheses of various types in 11 and massive cuff tear in nine. The development of scapular notching, bony scapular spur formation, heterotopic ossification, glenoid and humeral radiolucencies, stem subsidence, radiological signs of stress shielding and resorption of the tuberosities were assessed on standardised true anteroposterior and axillary radiographs. A scapular notch was observed in 60 shoulders (88%) and was associated with the superolateral approach (p = 0.009). Glenoid radiolucency was present in 11 (16%), bony scapular spur and/or ossifications in 51 (75%), and subsidence of the stem and humeral radiolucency in more than three zones were present in three (8.8%) and in four (11.8%) of 34 cemented components, respectively, and in one (2.9%) and two (5.9%) of 34 uncemented components, respectively. Radiological signs of stress shielding were significantly more frequent with uncemented components (p < 0.001), as was resorption of the greater (p < 0.001) and lesser tuberosities (p = 0.009).
A comparison of explanted Articular Surface Replacement and Birmingham Hip Resurfacing components
Authors: Underwood R. , Matthies A. , Cann P. , Skinner J. A. , Hart A. J. 
Published: September 2011

The Articular Surface Replacement (ASR) hip resurfacing arthroplasty has a failure rate of 12.0% at five years, compared with 4.3% for the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR). We analysed 66 ASR and 64 BHR explanted metal-on-metal hip replacements with the aim of understanding their mechanisms of failure. We measured the linear wear rates of the acetabular and femoral components and analysed the clinical cause of failure, pre-revision blood metal ion levels and orientation of the acetabular component. There was no significant difference in metal ion levels (chromium, p = 0.82; cobalt, p = 0.40) or head wear rate (p = 0.14) between the two groups. The ASR had a significantly increased rate of wear of the acetabular component (p = 0.03) and a significantly increased occurrence of edge loading (p < 0.005), which can be attributed to differences in design between the ASR and BHR. The effects of differences in design on the in vivo wear rates are discussed: these may provide an explanation as to why the ASR is more sensitive to suboptimal positioning than the BHR.
Soil Fabric and Soil Water Retention Curve of a Compacted Silt-Bentonites
Authors: Nowamooz Hossein , Masrouri Farimah 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This study presents the effects of the initial dry density and the initial water content on the soil water retention curve (SWRC) of a compacted bentonite/silt mixture during a single wetting and drying path. The samples were compacted at two different loose and dense states and at different constant initial water contents: 15% representing the dry side of the optimum, 25% representing the optimum point, and 30% representing the wet side of the optimum compacted. The initial soil fabric of each compacted sample was also studied by the mercury intrusion prosimetry (MIP) tests. To obtain the SWRCs, two suction imposition techniques were used: the osmotic method for matrix suctions below 8.5 MPa and the vapor equilibrium technique for suctions higher than 8.5 MPa. The MIP tests were then used to fit the SWRC of each compacted sample in the degree of saturation-suction plane. The initial soil fabrics play an important role on the hydric response of the samples. Generally it can be stated that a good correspondence between MIP results and the SWRCs was found on the wetting path for the low suctions close to saturation and on the drying path for the higher suctions.
Comparison of ASTM C311 Strength Activity Index Testing versus Testing Based on Constant Volumetric Proportions
Authors: Bentz Dale P. , Durán-Herrera Alejandro , Galvez-Moreno Daniel 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Currently, the (pozzolanic) strength activity indices of fly ashes and natural pozzolans are typically evaluated using the procedures outlined in ASTM C311 [“Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007]. In this test, the 7 and 28 d compressive strengths of mortar cubes with a 20 % mass replacement of cement by pozzolan are compared to those of a control without pozzolan, at constant flow conditions. In its current form, this procedure confounds two other properties of the pozzolan with its strength activity, namely its density and its water-reducing/increasing capabilities. In this study, the current C311 testing procedure is evaluated against an alternative in which the 20 % fly ash replacement for cement is performed on a volumetric basis and the volume fractions of water and sand are held constant, which should provide a true evaluation of the strength activity index of the pozzolan, free of these confounding influences. Class C and Class F fly ashes, a natural pozzolan, and a sugar cane ash are evaluated using both approaches, with some significant differences being noted. For a subset of the materials, the strength measurements are complemented by measurements of isothermal calorimetry on the mortars to an age of 7 d. For the constant volumetric proportions approach, a good correlation is exhibited between the cumulative heat release of the mortar at 7 d and the measured 7 d strength, suggesting the potential to evaluate 7 d pozzolanic activity via calorimetric measurements on much smaller specimens.
A universal approach to estimate biomass and carbon stock in tropical forests using generic allometric models
Authors: Vieilledent G , Vaudry R , Andriamanohisoa S. F. D. , Rakotonarivo O. S. , Randrianasolo H. Z. , Razafindrabe H. N. , Rakotoarivony C. Bidaud , Ebeling J , Rasamoelina M 
Published: September 2011

Allometric equations allow aboveground tree biomass and carbon stock to be estimated from tree size. The allometric scaling theory suggests the existence of a universal power‐law relationship between tree biomass and tree diameter with a fixed scaling exponent close to 8/3. In addition, generic empirical models, like Chave's or Brown's models, have been proposed for tropical forests in America and Asia. These generic models have been used to estimate forest biomass and carbon worldwide.However, tree allometry depends on environmental and genetic factors that vary from region to region. Consequently, theoretical models that include too few ecological explicative variables or empirical generic models that have been calibrated at particular sites are unlikely to yield accurate tree biomass estimates at other sites.In this study, we based our analysis on a destructive sample of 481 trees in Madagascar spiny dry and moist forests characterized by a high rate of endemism (>95%). We show that, among the available generic allometric models, Chave's model including diameter, height, and wood specific gravity as explicative variables for a particular forest type (dry, moist, or wet tropical forest) was the only one that gave accurate tree biomass estimates for Madagascar (R2> 83%, bias < 6%), with estimates comparable to those obtained with regional allometric models. When biomass allometric models are not available for a given forest site, this result shows that a simple height–diameter allometry is needed to accurately estimate biomass and carbon stock from plot inventories.
Oral Administration of Prostaglandin E2‐Specific Receptor 4 Antagonist Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Osteoclastogenesis in Rat Periodontal Tissue
Authors: Oka Hiroko , Miyauchi Mutsumi , Furusho Hisako , Nishihara Tatsuji , Takata Takashi 
Published: September 2011

Background: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from periodontal pathogens is one of the main causes of alveolar bone destruction. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) produced by host cells after LPS stimulation may contribute to the bone destruction. PGE2 regulates osteoblast‐mediated osteoclastogenesis via PGE‐specific receptor 4 (EP4). We examined the effects of the PGE2–EP4 pathway on the expression of osteoclastogenesis‐related factors and studied the inhibitory effect of orally administered EP4‐specific antagonist (EP4A) on LPS‐induced bone destruction compared to complete inhibition of endogenous PGE2 by indomethacin (IND).Methods: ST2 cells were treated with IND or EP4A and stimulated by LPS. The mRNA expressions of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin in ST2 cells were examined by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. LPS‐induced bone destruction was examined using a rat model for the periodontal tissue destruction with topically applied LPS.Results: IND and EP4A inhibited the upregulation of TNF‐α mRNA expression, and only EP4A inhibited IL‐6 and RANKL mRNA expressions in ST2 cells with LPS stimulation. Topically applied LPS induced a two‐phase increase in osteoclasts along the alveolar bone margin, peaking after 3 hours and 3 days. Oral administration of EP4A and IND downregulated the later phase increase of osteoclasts. However, the early phase of increase at 3 hours was upregulated in IND‐treated rats but not in EP4A‐treated rats.Conclusion: It appears that the PGE2–EP4 pathway has an important role in LPS‐induced osteoclastogenesis, and the specific blocking of the PGE2–EP4 pathway by EP4A can effectively downregulate bone destruction caused by LPS without an unexpected increased number of osteoclasts.
Cone‐Beam Computed Tomographic Evidence of the Association Between Periodontal Bone Loss and Mucosal Thickening of the Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Phothikhun Sirikarn , Suphanantachat Supreda , Chuenchompoonut Vannaporn , Nisapakultorn Kanokwan 
Published: September 2011

Background: The aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between dental findings and mucosal abnormalities of the maxillary sinus among dental patients, using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods: Two hundred fifty CBCT scans of dental patients were studied. Dental findings of the upper posterior teeth, including periodontal bone loss, periapical lesions, and root canal fillings, were assessed. The presence of mucosal thickening and mucosal cysts of the maxillary sinus was recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influence of periodontal bone loss, periapical lesions, and root canal fillings on these sinus mucosal abnormalities.Results: Mucosal thickening was present in 42% of patients and in 29.2% of sinuses studied. Mucosal cysts were observed in 16.4% of patients and in 10% of sinuses studied. Both abnormalities were present more frequently among males than females. Severe periodontal bone loss was significantly associated with mucosal thickening (odds ratio: 3.02, P <0.001), whereas periapical lesions and root canal fillings were not. There was no association between dental findings and mucosal cysts.Conclusions: Severe periodontal bone loss was significantly associated with mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus. Sinuses with severe periodontal bone loss were three times more likely to have mucosal thickening. Mucosal cysts were not associated with any dental findings.
Optimizing a class of linear multi-step methods for the approximate solution of the radial Schrödinger equation and related problems with respect to phase-lag
Authors: Simos Theodore 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
In this paper we consider a methodology of optimization of the efficiency of a numerical method for the approximate solution of the radial Schrödinger equation and related problems. More specifically, we show how the methodology of vanishing of the phase-lag and its derivatives optimizes the behaviour of a numerical method.
Three dimensional simulation of air permeability of single layer woven structures
Authors: Angelova Radostina , Stankov Peter , Simova Iskra , Aragon Idoya 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The paper deals with a CFD based study of the transverse permeability of a textile woven structure. The reported numerical investigation is preconditioned by both previous experimental and CFD study on jet systems. It is also based on detailed experimental investigation of the porous structure of single layer woven fabrics, made of staple fiber yarns. The flow in through-thickness direction of the woven structures is presented as jet systems, issuing from set of orifices. Two different types of jet system (3×3 jets and 5×5 jets) with two types of jet cross sections (square and circular), corresponding to two different woven structures, are simulated. An analysis is made in terms of the structure of the woven fabrics (area and shape of the interstices between the threads), the parameters of the flow passing through the textile (velocity profiles and velocity fields through isosurfaces), the role of the type of the jet systems, representing the flow and the influence of the shape of the interstices between the threads on the flow pattern. It was found that the applied approach could be effectively used for studying of the transverse permeability of the woven fabrics.
Hypomyelination and Congenital Cataract
Authors: Biancheri Roberta , Zara Federico , Rossi Andrea , Mathot Mikael , Nassogne Marie Cecile , Yalcinkaya Cengiz , Erturk Ozdem , Tuysuz Behyan , Di Rocco Maja , Gazzerro Elisabetta , Bugiani Marianna , van Spaendonk Resie , Sistermans Erik A. , Minetti Carlo , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Wolf Nicole I. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo further delineate the clinical spectrum of hypomyelination and congenital cataract (HCC), a rare autosomal recessive white matter disorder due to deficiency of a membrane protein, hyccin, encoded by FAM126A.DesignCase reports and literature review.SettingUniversity hospital.PatientsNine additional patients with HCC.ResultsCataract was congenital in 5 patients; it was found at 4, 5, and 7 months in 3 patients, and only a mild lens opacity was noted at age 3 years in the remaining patient. Neurologic presentation was at birth in 1 child, was characterized by developmental delay at the end of the first year of life in 7 patients, and was characterized by sudden motor regression in the second year of life in the remaining patient. Three patients were able to walk with support only, 5 achieved the ability to walk without support, and the remaining patient was not able to stand at age 2 years. Mental retardation was present in all patients. Peripheral neuropathy was present in the 8 patients who underwent neurophysiological investigations. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed hypomyelination associated with periventricular white matter abnormalities in all patients and brainstem pyramidal tract involvement in 8. Molecular analysis depicted 3 novel mutations and the previously reported IVS5 + 1G&amp;gt;T mutation.ConclusionsOur study broadens the clinical spectrum of HCC. The clinical variability ranges from severe early-onset neurologic impairment to a milder phenotype. In contrast to this clinical variability, the peculiar magnetic resonance pattern of hypomyelination combined with increased periventricular white matter water content allows distinction of HCC from other forms of hypomyelinating leukoencephalopathies.