bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of aconitine in rat skin after oral and transdermal gel administrations
Authors: Zhang Quan‐long , Hu Jin‐Hong , Jia Zheng‐ping , Wang Dan , Zhu Quan‐Gang 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate percutaneous penetration and arrhythmogenic effects of aconitine after transdermal administration, compared with the oral route. Skin penetration of aconitine was tested by a microdialysis technique in rats and in vivo recovery was determined by retrodialysis. After oral and transdermal administration of aconitine, dialysate was sampled at 20 min intervals until the end of the experiment for the determination of concentration of aconitine in skin. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using a validated HPLC‐MS/MS method. In addition, we concurrently recorded the electrocardiogram (ECG). The in vivo recovery of aconitine in the skin was calculated to be 39.59%. The Cmax values for aconitine absorbed into the skin after oral and transdermal administration were 1.51 ± 0.53 and 2723.8 ± 848.8 ng/mL, respectively, and within the plasma, 215.86 ± 79.29 and 20.92 ± 3.15 ng/mL. The Cmax value for the plasma concentration of aconitine after oral administration was approximately 10 times higher than with the transdermal route. For oral administration, the ECG revealed various types of arrhythmias at a period of Tmax, which is normal in transdermal gel administration. These results indicate that transdermal aconitine gel is a safe formulation that can deliver the drug in sufficient amounts and safe concentrations to produce therapeutic action in rats. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mobile future of place‐based digital collections
Authors: DeSanto Dan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe University of Vermont is working to present the images comprising the Long Trail Collection through mobile technologies, providing an opportunity to enhance trail hikers' experience with historical views and background information. The collection, held by the University's Center for Digital Initiatives, includes over 900 slides from 1912–1937. With geospatial metadata linked to Google maps, one can use a smartphone to identify a location and access place‐based images from the collection to appreciate the location's rich historical context. Since October 2010, the originators have worked on building the application using Apple's development suite and virtual phone and collaborated with others on the app design. The potential for other intersections of historical information and real time, place‐based experiences presented through mobile technologies, is promising. The app being developed for the Long Trail Collection can serve as a model and practical teaching tool. Recollection, an open source software toolkit, supports collection displays and integrated metadata. It is hoped that librarians and digital collection managers will take advantage of these resources to support mobile development initiatives.
Is information architecture dead?
Authors: Haller Thom 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA blogger's assertion that information architecture is dead prompts consideration of the usefulness of the term and the value of the practice. Anecdotes of time wasted reveal the results of poor website design, built with little regard for actual end users. Too often, user feedback and productivity are ignored, undermining the goal of improving performance. Information architects listen to users' needs, analyze the information environment, make information workable, test results and optimize the function of websites. In the scenarios described, an information architect's skills could save thousands of hours and dollars. Information architecture is alive and well, and the focus should not be on debating the term and practice but on educating others on its critical importance for organizational productivity.
Maintaining Connectedness: Exploring the Experiences of Older Homeless Men Living in Hostel Accommodation
Authors: Holt Natasha , Christian Julie , Larkin Michael 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTOlder homeless people are likely to have additional support needs in relation to well‐being and housing. This study focuses on the experiences of hostel living for older, long‐term homeless men in the UK. Semi‐structured interviews were carried out with 10 participants. Transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. There were three main themes identified, which capture the men's concerns and the means by which they coped with the hostel environment: ‘contingent sense of well‐being in the hostel’, ‘importance of connectedness to others’ and ‘balancing independence with reliance on others’. Running through all the themes was a sense that three fundamental processes were in play: threat to material safety, threat to self‐identity and threat to autonomy. Psychosocial implications of this study, for those working with homeless people, might involve addressing inequities of power, maintaining continuity of self‐identity and facilitating the development of a sense of connectedness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photopolymerized Polypyrrole Microvessels
Authors: Kijewska Krystyna , Blanchard Gary J. , Szlachetko Jakub , Stolarski Jarosław , Kisiel Anna , Michalska Agata , Maksymiuk Krzysztof , Pisarek Marcin , Majewski Paweł , Krysiński Paweł , Mazur Maciej 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe report on the preparation of water‐filled polymer microvessels through the photopolymerization of pyrrole in a water/chloroform emulsion. The resulting structures were characterized by complementary spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, XPS, SEM, and TEM. The encapsulation of fluorescent, magnetic, and ionic species within the microvessels has been demonstrated. Confocal microscopy and fluorescence anisotropy measurements revealed that the encapsulated chromophore (Rhodamine 6G) resides within voids in the capsules; however, strong interaction of the dye with polypyrrole results in a measurable decrease in its rotational dynamics. Microvessels loaded with ferrofluid exhibit magnetic properties, and their structures can be directed with an external magnetic field. TEM measurements allowed imaging of individual nanoparticles entrapped within the vessels. The application of Cu2+‐loaded microvessels as a transducer layer in all‐solid‐state ion‐selective electrodes was also demonstrated.
Site‐Specific Control of N7–Metal Coordination in DNA by a Fluorescent Purine Derivative
Authors: Dumas Anaëlle , Luedtke Nathan W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA synthetic strategy that utilizes O6‐protected 8‐bromoguanosine gives broad access to C8‐guanine derivatives with phenyl, pyridine, thiophene, and furan substituents. The resulting 8‐substituted 2′‐deoxyguanosines are push–pull fluorophores that can exhibit environmentally sensitive quantum yields (Φ=0.001–0.72) due to excited‐state proton‐transfer reactions with bulk solvent. Changes in nucleoside fluorescence were used to characterize metal‐binding affinity and specificity of 8‐substituted 2′‐deoxyguanosines. One derivative, 8‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (2PyG), exhibits selective binding of CuII, NiII, CdII, and ZnII through a bidentate effect provided by the N7 position of guanine and the 2‐pyridyl nitrogen atom. Upon incorporation into DNA, 2‐pyridine‐modified guanine residues selectively bind to CuII and NiII with equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) that range from 25 to 850 nM; the affinities depend on the folded state of the oligonucleotide (duplex>G‐quadruplex) as well as the identity of the metal ion (Cu>Ni≫Cd). These binding affinities are approximately 10 to 1 000 times higher than for unmodified metal binding sites in DNA, thereby providing site‐specific control of metal localization in alternatively folded nucleic acids. Temperature‐dependent circular‐dichroism studies reveal metal‐dependent stabilization of duplexes, but destabilization of G‐quadruplex structures upon adding CuII to 2PyG‐modified oligonucleotides. These results demonstrate how the addition of a single pyridine group to the C8 position of guanine provides a powerful new tool for studying the effects of N7 metalation on the structure, stability, and electronic properties of nucleic acids.
Drug Delivery and Imaging with Polydiacetylene Micelles
Authors: Gravel Edmond , Ogier Julien , Arnauld Thomas , Mackiewicz Nicolas , Ducongé Frédéric , Doris Eric 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis concept article summarizes our recent findings regarding photopolymerized micelles obtained from the self‐assembly of diacetylene‐containing amphiphiles. Their synthesis and characterization are presented as well as some biomedical applications, such as tumor imaging and drug delivery. Finally, ongoing studies and future challenges are briefly discussed.
Effect of cationic surfactant addition on the drag reduction behaviour of anionic polymer solutions
Authors: Mohsenipour Ali Asghar , Pal Rajinder , Prajapati Ketan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAlthough extensive research work has been carried out on the drag reduction (DR) behaviour of polymers and surfactants alone, little progress has been made on the synergistic effects of combined polymers and surfactants. In this work, the interactions between drag‐reducing anionic polymer (copolymer of acrylamide and sodium acrylate, referred to as PAM) and drag‐reducing cationic surfactant (octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, OTAC) are studied. Solutions are prepared using both deionised (DI) water and tap water. The measurement of the physical properties such as electrical conductivity and viscosity are used to determine the surfactant–polymer interactions.The addition of surfactant to the polymer solution has a significant effect on the properties of the system. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the mixed surfactant–polymer system is found to be different from that of the surfactant alone. With the addition of surfactant to a polymer solution, a substantial decrease in the viscosity occurs. The observed changes in the viscosity of mixed polymer–surfactant system are explained in terms of the changes in the extension of polymeric chains, resulting from polymer–surfactant interactions. The anionic PAM chains tend to collapse upon the addition of cationic OTAC.The pipeline flow behaviour of PAM/OTAC mixtures is found to be consistent with the bench scale results. The DR ability of PAM is reduced upon the addition of OTAC. At low concentrations of PAM, the effect of OTAC on the DR behaviour is more pronounced. The DR behaviour of polymer solutions is strongly influenced by the nature of water (DI or tap). © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Prediction of temperature, pressure, density, velocity distribution in H‐T‐H‐P gas wells
Authors: Xu Jiuping , Wu Zezhong , Wang Shize , Qi Bin , Chen Kefan , Li Xiaofei , Zhao Xiaodan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we build a model of coupled differential equations concerning pressure, temperature density and velocity in H‐T‐H‐P (High Temperature‐High Pressure) gas wells according to the conservation of mass, momentum and energy. We present an algorithm‐solving model by the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method. Basic data from the Dayi Well, 7100 m deep in China, are used for case history calculations and a sensitivity analysis is done for the model. Gas pressure, temperature, velocity and density along the depth of the well are plotted with different productions, different geothermal gradients and different thermal conductivities, intuitively reflecting gas flow law and the characteristics of heat transfer in formation. The results can provide a dynamic analysis of production for H‐T‐H‐P gas wells. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Cessation of vascular endothelial growth factor–targeted therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Sadeghi Sarmad , Albiges Laurence , Wood Laura S. , Black Shari L. , Gilligan Timothy D. , Dreicer Robert , Garcia Jorge A. , Escudier Bernard J. , Rini Brian I. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐targeted agents is continuous therapy until progression of disease (PD) or unacceptable toxicity. Chronic mild to moderate toxicity and risk of long‐term toxicity ensue for some patients. It is hypothesized that patients with an initial response to treatment can maintain disease control off all therapy for a period of time.METHODS:A retrospective study of patients with mRCC who initiated VEGF‐targeted therapy between January 2004 and December 2009 at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, or Institut Gustave‐Roussy, Villejuif, France, was conducted. Patients had achieved RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)‐defined stable disease or better on therapy, and were then taken off all therapy for reasons not including disease progression. Patient, disease, and therapy characteristics were recorded. The primary objective was progression‐free survival (PFS), measured as the time from discontinuation of therapy to RECIST‐defined PD.RESULTS:Forty patients were identified. After a median follow‐up of 29.7 months (range, 4.2 to 84.7 months), 25 patients (63%) had PD off therapy (median PFS, 10.0 months; range, 1.4‐27.2 months). Among these patients, 8 (32%) had progression in sites that were not previously involved with disease. Heng risk group (hazard ratio, 2.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.19‐5.22; P = .011) and achievement of a complete response prior to discontinuing therapy (hazard ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.04‐0.86; P = .025) were independent predictors of PFS in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.CONCLUSIONS:A select subset of mRCC patients achieving stable disease or better on VEGF‐targeted therapy can be observed off all therapy. Further prospective investigation is warranted. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A single‐nucleotide polymorphism in the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is associated with risk of radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients treated with thoracic radiation therapy
Authors: Mak Raymond H. , Alexander Brian M. , Asomaning Kofi , Heist Rebecca S. , Liu Chen‐yu , Su Li , Zhai Rihong , Ancukiewicz Marek , Napolitano Brian , Niemierko Andrzej , Willers Henning , Choi Noah C. , Christiani David C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:This study examined the association between functional single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes from oxidative stress pathways and risk of radiation pneumonitis (RP) in patients treated with thoracic radiation therapy for locally advanced lung cancer.METHODS:A review was conducted of 136 patients treated with radiation therapy for lung cancer between 2001 and 2007, and who had prior genotyping of functional single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in oxidative stress genes including superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2; rs4880) and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; rs1801131, rs1801133). RP events were retrospectively scored using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to identify clinical variables and genotypes associated with risk of RP of grades ≥2 and ≥3 on univariate and multivariate analysis, respectively. P values were corrected for multiple hypothesis esting.RESULTS:With a median follow‐up of 21.4 months, the incidence of grade ≥2 RP was 29% and grade ≥3 RP was 14%. On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for clinical factors such as concurrent chemotherapy and consolidation docetaxel, and lung dosimetric parameters such as volume receiving greater than 20 Gy and mean lung dose, MTHFR genotype (rs1801131; AA versus AC/CC) was significantly associated with risk of grade ≥2 RP (hazard ratio: 0.37; 95% confidence interval: 0.18‐0.76; P = .006, corrected P = .018) and grade ≥3 RP (hazard ratio: 0.21; 95% confidence interval: 0.06‐0.70; P = .01; corrected P = .03). SOD2 genotype was not associated with RP.CONCLUSIONS:This study showed an association between MTHFR genotype and risk of clinically significant RP. Further study of MTHFR‐related pathways may provide insight into the mechanisms behind RP. Cancer 2012;3654–3665. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Relationship of DNA damage signaling to DNA replication following treatment with DNA topoisomerase inhibitors camptothecin/topotecan, mitoxantrone, or etoposide
Authors: Zhao Hong , Rybak Paulina , Dobrucki Jurek , Traganos Frank , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDNA topoisomerase I (Top1) and topoisomerase II (Top2) inhibitors are widely used to treat a variety of cancers. Their mechanism of action involves stabilization of otherwise transient (“cleavable”) complexes between Top1 or Top2 and DNA; collisions of DNA replication forks with such stabilized complexes lead to formation of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs). In this study, using 5‐ethynyl‐2′deoxyuridine (EdU) as a DNA precursor, we directly assessed the relationship between DNA replication and induction of DSBs revealed as γH2AX foci in A549 cells treated with Top1 inhibitors topotecan (Tpt) or camptothecin (Cpt) and Top2 inhibitors mitoxantrone (Mxt) and etoposide (Etp). Analysis of cells by multiparameter laser scanning cytometry following treatment with Tpt or Cpt revealed that only DNA replicating cells showed induction of γH2AX and a strong correlation between DNA replication and formation of DSBs (r = 0.86). In cells treated with Mxt or Etp, the correlation was weaker (r = 0.52 and 0.64). In addition, both Mtx and Etp caused induction of γH2AX in cells not replicating DNA. Confocal imaging of nuclei of cells treated with Tpt revealed the presence of γH2AX foci predominantly in DNA replicating cells and close association and co‐localization of γH2AX foci with DNA replication sites. In cells treated with Mxt or Etp, the γH2AX foci were induced in DNA replicating as well as non‐replicating cells but the close association between a large proportion of γH2AX foci and DNA replication sites was also apparent. The data are consistent with the view that collision of DNA replication forks with cleavable Top1–DNA complexes stabilized by Tpt/Cpt is the sole cause of induction of DSBs. Additional mechanisms such as involvement of transcription and/or generation of oxidative stress may contribute to DSBs induction by Mxt and Etp. The confocal analysis of the association between DNA replication sites and the sites of DSBs (γH2AX foci) opens a new approach for mechanistic studies of the involvement of DNA replication in induction of DNA damage. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Assay validation of phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein for a pharmacodynamic monitoring of mTOR‐inhibitors in peripheral human blood
Authors: Dieterlen Maja‐Theresa , Bittner Hartmuth B. , Klein Sara , von Salisch Sandy , Mittag Anja , Tárnok Attila , Dhein Stefan , Mohr Friedrich W. , Barten Markus J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplantation is based on measuring blood levels alone, which often results in under‐ or over‐immunosuppression. Previous studies have shown the potential of measuring pharmacodynamic drug effects for TDM, but assessment of biomarkers for individual drugs is still not clinical routine. Therefore, we validated a specific assay to measure the pharmacodynamic effects of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)‐inhibitors on phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (p‐S6RP), a downstream target of mTOR.Methods:Clinical relevant concentrations of sirolimus (SRL, 0.9–91.4 μg/L), cyclosporine A (CsA, 75.1–1202 μg/L), mycophenolate acid (MPA, 0.08–3.2 mg/L), or dexamethasone (DEX, 0.5–200 ng/mL) were added to whole‐blood from healthy volunteers. Activated whole‐blood was analyzed by phospho‐flow cytometry to measure p‐S6RP in T cells.Results:Phospho‐flow analysis revealed that SRL suppressed p‐S6RP in human T cells in a dose‐dependent manner with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 19.8 nM and a maximal inhibitory effect (Imax%) at 91.9%. Neither CsA, MPA, nor DEX inhibited mTOR‐related S6RP‐phosphorylation. Coefficient of variations from 0.03 to 0.05, 0.12 to 0.25, and 0.14 to 0.38 for intra‐, interassay, and interindividual variability respectively, showed robustness of our assay. Furthermore, samples can be stored at RT or 4°C up to 2 h after withdrawal.Conclusion:We validated a robust whole‐blood assay that allows the specific measurement of SRL‐ and everolimus‐induced inhibition of T cells' function through detection of p‐S6RP. Future studies in organ transplanted recipients will show if this assay has the potential to enhance a TDM for mTOR‐inhibitor drugs in combination therapies. © 2011 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Calcitonin measurement on fine needle washouts: Preanalytical Issues and Normal Reference Values
Authors: Giovanella Luca , Ceriani Luca , Bongiovanni Massimo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCalcitonin (CT) measurement on fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) washouts (FNAC‐CT) is a promising tool in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Guidelines for the method with codified cut‐off are needed to use this technique in clinical routine. This study was undertaken to assess the best pre‐analytical procedure and to define a reliable reference value for FNAC‐CT. Fifty‐four patients underwent thyroid surgery, so MTC was excluded by surgical pathology examination and CT immunostains. Before surgery, FNAC‐CT was measured on 78 thyroid nodules from such 54 patients. Needles were rinsed by normal saline and specific CT‐free dilution buffer, and CT was measured by a fully automated immunochemiluminometric assay. FNAC‐CT levels were not significantly different in normal saline or specific buffer. The calculated 97.5th upper FNAC‐CT value was 8.5 pg/mL (saline) and 7.43 pg/mL (buffer), respectively. Seeing its relatively large sample size, rigorous selection criteria and inclusion of CT immunostaining of thyroid nodules, the present study provides a reliable guideline and a clinically relevant reference value for FNAC‐CT measurement in thyroid nodules. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psammoma bodies in fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast: A clinicopathological study of 30 cases
Authors: Pillai K. Raveendran , Mani K. S. , Jayalal K. S. , Preethi T. R. , Somanathan Thara , Jayasree K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPsammoma bodies (PBs) in breast lesions are rare and little is known about the role of these structures in breast pathology. This study has looked in to the diagnostic significance of PBs in fine needle aspiration (FNAC) of breast lesions. Over a 5‐year period, FNACs of the breast were done in 4,563 subjects, of which 1,678 were diagnosed to be malignant. On review of all breast aspirates including non‐neoplastic lesions, 30 cases showed PBs to be associated with breast carcinoma (BC). Cytological features were correlated with clinical, radiological, histological, and immunohistochemical findings. All 30 aspirates and their corresponding histological sections showed varying number of PBs and nonpsammomatous bodies (NPBs). For comparison, 31 cases of age‐matched BC without PBs and NPBs in both aspirates and sections were studied. Statistical analysis using Chi‐square test was done to compare BC with and without PBs. BC with PBs was characterized by papillary pattern of malignant cells, mucin in the background, infiltration by macrophages, cellular degeneration, overexpression of estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR) and moderate positivity (2+) for Her2/neu. Calcium deposition has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases; hence the formation of PBs may be relevant in breast oncology. The presence of PBs in FNAC of clinically suspected breast lesions which are cytologically negative for malignancy warrants further histological confirmation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.