bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses of 3‐arm and 4‐arm star‐branched polystyrene Ru(II) complexes by the click‐to‐chelate approach
Authors: Zhang Chunhong , Shen Xiande , Sakai Ryosuke , Gottschaldt Michael , Schubert Ulrich S. , Hirohara Shiho , Tanihara Masao , Yano Shigenobu , Obata Makoto , Xiao Nao , Satoh Toshifumi , Kakuchi Toyoji 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMetal template synthesis is a useful methodology to make sophisticated macromolecular architectures because of the variety of metal ion coordination. To use metal template methodology, chelating functionalities should be introduced to macromolecules before complexation. In this article, we demonstrate the click‐to‐chelate approach to install chelating functionality to polystyrene (PS) and complexation with Ru(II) ions to form 3‐arm and 4‐arm star‐branched PS Ru(II) complexes. Azide‐terminated PS (PS‐N3) was readily prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization using 1‐bromoethylbenzene as an initiator followed by substitution of bromine by an azide group. The Cu(I)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of PS‐N3 with 2‐ethynylpyridine or 2,6‐diethynylpyridine affords 2‐(1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine (PS‐tapy) or 2,6‐bis(1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine (PS‐bitapy) ligands bearing one or two PS chains at the first‐position of the triazole rings. Ru(II) complexes of PS‐tapy and PS‐bitapy were prepared by conventional procedure. The number‐averaged molecular weights (Mns) of these complexes were determined to be 6740 and 10,400, respectively, by size exclusion chromatography using PS standards. These Mn values indicated the formation of 3‐arm and 4‐arm star‐branched PS Ru(II) complexes [Ru(PS‐tapy)3](PF6)2 and [Ru(PS‐bitapy)2](PF6)2 on the basis of the Mn values of PS‐tapy (2090) and PS‐bitapy (4970). The structures of these complexes were also confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography of the Ru(II) complexes [Ru(Bn‐tapy)3](PF6)2 and [Ru(Bn‐bitapy)2](PF6)2, which bear a benzyl group instead of a PS chain. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Exploring and comparing the experience and coping behaviour of men and women with colorectal cancer after chemotherapy treatment: a qualitative longitudinal study
Authors: McCaughan Eilis , Prue Gillian , Parahoo Kader , McIlfatrick Sonja , McKenna Hugh 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectives: Men have higher incidence and mortality rates for nearly all cancers. They are less likely than women to utilise cancer information services and other social support services. The aim of this study was to explore and compare the experience and coping behaviour of men and women after treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods: A longitudinal qualitative study was conducted involving 38 individuals (24 men and 14 women) with CRC. Data were generated using semi‐structured interviews at four time points over an 18‐month period, post‐diagnosis. Interviews focused on participant's experience of CRC and on how gender affected their coping. This paper reports the findings of interviews 3 and 4 which examined the participant's experience after chemotherapy.Results: Three themes emerged from the interviews (‘new normal’, living with uncertainty and support needs). Many men and women reacted similarly; however, there was some variation evident between and within sexes. The main difference was with regard to the long‐term physical side effects of the illness. Many women admitted to still experiencing side effects, whereas many men indicated that they had no problems. These men engaged in practices that aligned with their gender identity and view of masculinity. It must be noted that some men and women were still experiencing an impact.Conclusions: Recovery from the physical and psychological effects of CRC does not occur simultaneously. Healthcare professionals should be aware that not all men (or women) conform to the social stereotypes of masculinity (or femininity). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The psychosocial impact of interrupted childbearing in long‐term female cancer survivors
Authors: Canada Andrea L. , Schover Leslie R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjective: To understand the influence of cancer‐related infertility on women's long‐term distress and quality of life. Women diagnosed at age 40 or less with invasive cervical cancer, breast cancer, Hodgkin disease, or non‐Hodgkin lymphoma were interviewed an average of 10 years later. We predicted that women whose desire for a child at diagnosis remained unfulfilled would be significantly more distressed.Methods: Participants completed a semi‐structured phone interview, including the SF‐12®, Brief Symptom Inventory‐18, Impact of Events Scale (IES), Reproductive Concerns Scale (RCS), brief measures of marital satisfaction or comfort with dating, sexual satisfaction, and menopause symptoms.Results: Of 455 women contacted by phone, 240 (53%) participated. Seventy‐seven women had wanted a child at diagnosis but did not conceive subsequently (38 remaining childless and 39 with secondary infertility). Even controlling for other psychosocial and health factors, this group had higher distress about infertility (RCS) (p<0.001), had more intrusive thoughts about infertility, and used more avoidance strategies when reminded of infertility (IES) (p<0.001). Childless women were the most distressed. Women with adopted or stepchildren were intermediate, and those with at least one biological child were least distressed. Infertility‐related distress did not differ significantly by cancer site.Conclusions: Even at long‐term follow‐up, distress about interrupted childbearing persists, particularly in childless women. Social parenthood buffers distress somewhat, but not completely. Not only is it important to offer fertility preservation before cancer treatment, but interventions should be developed for survivors to alleviate unresolved grief about cancer‐related infertility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distortion of Single‐Particle Optical Sensing (SPOS) Particle Count by Sub‐Countable Particles
Authors: Tolla Bruno , Boldridge David 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSingle particle optical sensing (SPOS) is a highly sensitive particle characterization technique for the measurement of the large particle (> 0.5 μm) tail of a submicron particle size distribution. We have examined the SPOS technique for fumed silica dispersions which have a mass mean particle size of ~140 nm. The reported large particle population varies as a highly non‐linear function of sample concentration and is accompanied by the distortion of the particle size distribution. A similar response is also demonstrated for monodisperse polystyrene latex spheres. The source of spurious particle counts and the distortion of the particle size distribution is shown to be secondary coincidence. Model calculations indicate that the primary contributors to spurious counts are particles near the peak of the size distribution. These particles are substantially smaller than the nominal minimum 0.5 μm diameter. These findings establish the limited range of reliability for SPOS measurements when used to measure a small fraction of the total particle size distribution and establish the need for new particle characterization metrologies.
Mean Particle Diameters. Part VI: Fundamental Distinction between Statistics Based (ISO/DIN) and Physics Based (Moment‐Ratio) Definition Systems
Authors: Alderliesten Maarten 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTwo methods to define mean particle diameters exist, viz., the statistics based ISO/DIN method and the physics based Moment‐Ratio (M‐R) method. The ISO/DIN method characterizes a size distribution by an average particle diameter of that distribution. The M‐R method expresses mean diameters as ratios of two moments of a size distribution. The M‐R method enables the user to derive mathematically or select empirically the type of mean diameter from the physical product or process property to be described by that mean diameter, irrespective the shape of the size distribution. The application of both definition methods to theoretical derivation and to empirical selection of that type of mean diameter is evaluated. The statistical character of the ISO/DIN system hampers its application to theoretical derivation and empirical selection of mean particle diameter types describing product or process properties. Although the ways of defining mean particle diameters according to both methods differ mathematically, a clear mathematical relationship exists.
Bronchoscopic findings in a child with pandemic novel H1N1 influenza a and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sharp Jack K. , Hereth James , Fasanello Joseph 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe spectrum of disease with pandemic novel H1N1 influenza A (2009) virus ranges from non‐febrile, mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe or fatal pneumonia. We report the bronchoscopic findings associated with a fatal case of H1N1 influenza A associated with co‐infection with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a previously healthy child, which were more severe than those previously described as associated with seasonal influenza infection alone. The severity of the airway pathology seen on bronchoscopy in this patient may be due to a unique effect of the H1N1 influenza A virus or may be as a result of a destructive synergism between this virus and bacteria such as MRSA. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration for proteomic study of tumour tissues
Authors: Giusti Laura , Iacconi Pietro , Lucacchini Antonio 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a technique largely applied in the diagnosis of tumours. FNA is a safe diagnostic procedure that is widely employed in the examination of masses at relatively low cost and minimal risk to the patient. In this review, we report on the state‐of‐the‐art and the potential role of FNA to search for protein biomarkers by the proteomic approach.
On providing sink anonymity for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Ngai Edith C.‐H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSinks usually broadcast their addresses for data collection in sensor networks. However, this common operation opens up vulnerability for adversary to attack the sinks and obstruct their normal functions. In this paper, we suggest sink anonymity as a novel approach for data collection, which protects the privacy of the sinks and avoids them from becoming the target of attacks. We provide sink anonymity by omitting the address of the sink in routing, so that the identity and location of the sink are kept private. Our proposed Randomized Routing with Hidden Address (RRHA) scheme prevents the attackers from obtaining the receiver address by capturing the destination field of the packets or predicting the location of the sinks by observing the flow of network traffic. We examined the successful delivery rate, packet travel delay, and protection strength of our proposed scheme by both analysis and simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
KALwEN: a new practical and interoperable key management scheme for body sensor networks
Authors: Law Yee Wei , Moniava Giorgi , Gong Zheng , Hartel Pieter , Palaniswami Marimuthu 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTKey management is the pillar of a security architecture. Body sensor networks (BSNs) pose several challenges–some inherited from wireless sensor networks (WSNs), some unique to themselves–that require a new key management scheme to be tailor‐made. The challenge is taken on, and the result is KALwEN, a new parameterized key management scheme that combines the best‐suited cryptographic techniques in a seamless framework. KALwEN is user‐friendly in the sense that it requires no expert knowledge of a user, and instead only requires a user to follow a simple set of instructions when bootstrapping or extending a network. One of KALwEN's key features is that it allows sensor devices from different manufacturers, which expectedly do not have any pre‐shared secret, to establish secure communications with each other. KALwEN is decentralized, such that it does not rely on the availability of a local processing unit (LPU). KALwEN supports secure global broadcast, local broadcast, and local (neighbor‐to‐neighbor) unicast, while preserving past key secrecy and future key secrecy (FKS). The fact that the cryptographic protocols of KALwEN have been formally verified also makes a convincing case. With both formal verification and experimental evaluation, our results should appeal to theorists and practitioners alike. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape Transformation Mechanism of Silver Nanorods in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Damm Cornelia , Segets Doris , Yang Guang , Vieweg Benito F. , Spiecker Erdmann , Peukert Wolfgang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe spontaneous shape transformation of silver nanorods with an initial length of several hundred nanometers towards spherical particle shapes in aqueous solution is investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, anodic stripping voltammetry, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The consolidation of the results reveals an increase in the particle number density with time. Moreover, HRTEM image analysis along the cross section of the rods evidences the presence of fivefold twinning defects which extend along the whole rod length. According to the analytical model of Monk et al. this kind of rod structure is only thermodynamically stable if the rod length is below a critical value at a given diameter. The rods investigated in the present work do not fulfill the stability criterion as they exceed the critical length. Thus, the rods decay into smaller “nanobuns” and defective as well as defect‐free spheres. A mechanism based on findings from the literature, HRTEM image analysis of former rods, transition states, and the final particle structures is proposed. The defects along the surface are seen as starting points for the dissolution of material, which is reintegrated into the solid phase by homogeneous as well as heterogeneous nucleation and growth.
Biodegradability of polyethylene–starch blends prepared by extrusion and molded by injection: Evaluated by response surface methodology
Authors: Vieyra Ruiz Horacio , Martínez Eduardo San Martín , Méndez Miguel Ángel Aguilar 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLow density polyethylene (LDPE)–starch blends were prepared by extrusion. Starch content ranged between 0 and 50% under different conditions of temperature and extrusion speed. Each blend was injected into a commercial mold of a 250 mL cup. Cups were cut into 5 cm × 5 cm coupons. Biodegradability was assessed placing the coupons in the middle of a 50 cm pile of compost. Samples were recovered, washed, dried, and weighed after 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 days under compost. Weight loss was determined and structural modifications were evaluated by SEM. Mechanical properties as tensile strength, elongation to break, and yield point were assessed before and after compost treatment. Experimental design and characterization were performed using a central composite design (CCD) and results were modeled with surface response methodology. SEM analysis revealed fractures and pores as a consequence of microorganism degradation. Pure LDPE samples remained unchanged. Mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of LDPE–starch blends are slightly different from that of pure LDPE. Environmental exposure, measured by accelerated intemperism, does not modify blend properties; consequently, they are suitable for the same industrial applications of LDPE.
Numerical simulations of wind drags on straight and twisted polygonal buildings
Authors: Tang J. W. , Xie Y. M. , Felicetti P. , Tu J. Y. , Li J. D. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYThis paper presents a systematic study of wind drags on high‐rise buildings of various shapes using computational fluid dynamics. By increasing the side number of a polygon, the drag coefficient of the extruded tower decreases and eventually converges to that of a circular tower. The results also show consistent reduction of wind drag when round corners are applied to the polygonal cross section and when the radius of the round corner is gradually increased. This paper also investigates the effect of twisting the building on reducing the wind drag. Design of Experiments shows that the wind drag can be reduced if the building is twisted appropriately. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic response of R/C structures subjected to simulated ground motions compatible with design spectrum
Authors: Jun Dae‐Han 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYIn seismic response analysis of building structures, the input ground motions have considerable effect on the nonlinear seismic response characteristics of structures. The characteristics of soil and the locality of the site where those ground motions were recorded affect the contents of ground motion time histories. This study describes a generation of synthetic ground motion time histories compatible with seismic design spectrum, and also evaluates the seismic response results of multi‐story reinforced concrete structures by the simulated ground motions. The simulated ground motion time histories have identical phase angles to the recorded ground motions, and their overall response spectra are compatible with seismic design spectrum with 5% critical viscous damping. The input ground motions applied to this study have identical elastic acceleration response spectra, but have different phase angles. The purpose of this study was to investigate their validity as input ground motion for nonlinear seismic response analysis of building structures. As expected, the response quantities by simulated ground motions presented better stability than those by real recorded ground motions. It was concluded that the simulated earthquake waves generated in this paper are applicable as input ground motions for a seismic response analysis of building structures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Determination of Antioxidants in Whole Olive Oil Using the SIFT‐MS‐TOSC Assay
Authors: Davis Brett M. , Senthilmohan Senti T. , McEwan Murray J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA modified Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry Total Oxyradical Scavenging (SIFT‐MS‐TOSC) assay has been used to assess the antioxidants present in olive oil samples. The assay compares antioxidants in emulsified olive oil competing with added 2‐keto‐4‐methylthiobutanoic acid (KMBA) for peroxyl radicals formed from thermal decomposition of 2,2′‐azobis (2‐amidinopropane) hydrochloride. No solvent extraction from the oil is required. The assay reaction is monitored by analysis of ethene, a break down product of KMBA, from attack by peroxyl radicals. A new simpler modification to the TOSC assay was found to produce reliable results requiring measurements of just a single concentration of emulsion. The results of the SIFT‐MS‐TOSC assay show correlation with results from the Folin Ciocalteu assay of total phenol content and HPLC analysis of several standard antioxidants. The use of hydroxyl radicals generated by the Fenton reaction of Fe3+ with ascorbic acid was also investigated, but with less repeatable results. A wide range of antioxidant levels differing by more than a factor of 10 were found in 20 different olive oils examined.
Important Sensory Properties Differentiating Premium Rice Varieties
Authors: Champagne Elaine T. , Bett-Garber Karen L. , Fitzgerald Melissa A. , Grimm Casey C. , Lea Jeanne , Ohtsubo Ken’ichi , Jongdee Supanee , Xie Lihong , Bassinello Priscila Zaczuk , Resurreccion Adoracion , Ahmad Rauf , Habibi Fatemah , Reinke Russell 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
In rice-consuming countries, specific varieties are recognized as premium, “gold standard” varieties, while others are recognized as being superior but second best, despite being identical using the current suite of tools to evaluate quality. The objectives of this study were to determine if there are distinguishable differences in sensory properties of premium and second best varieties and whether these differences are common to premium varieties. Color, an important sensory property, was determined on the raw and cooked rice using a colorimeter. As raw rice, some of the premium varieties were whiter than their second best counterparts while others were not. However, when cooked, with two exceptions, the premium varieties were of the same or greater whiteness than their counterparts. A trained sensory panel employed descriptive sensory analysis, an objective tool, to characterize and analytically measure the flavor (aromatics, taste, mouthfeel) and texture of premium and second best varieties collected from nine rice-consuming countries. Sweet taste, popcorn aroma/flavor, and water-like metallic mouthfeel showed significant differences in intensity between the premium–second best variety pairs. Slickness, roughness, and springiness were the major traits that distinguished the texture of varieties. Quality evaluation programs do not routinely measure these texture and flavor traits, but the fact that they distinguished the varieties in most pairs indicates that their measurement should be added to the suite of grain quality tests in the development of new higher-yielding, stress-tolerant varieties. The incorporation of premium quality will ensure that quality is no impediment to widespread adoption leading to enhanced productivity and food security.
Taking Steps to Control Costs in the OR
Authors: Hoeksema Janice 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHospitals continue to be challenged by rising expenses in an environment of moderate reimbursements. Health care costs have increasingly come under scrutiny and, with the advent of health care reform, will continue to be scrutinized. Perioperative nurses play a key role in evaluating product safety, effectiveness and efficiency, environmental concerns, and cost and how these factors affect patient care. Cost‐saving opportunities that a hospital product evaluation committee can consider include choosing less expensive but equivalent supplies, comparing the expenses associated with disposable versus reusable products, limiting the use of custom supplies, determining ways to reduce linen use, and changing practices to eliminate products that are found to have little clinical value. Adopting effective product evaluation and purchasing practices can lead to reduced costs without affecting the quality of patient care.
I Need to Know! Timely Accessing of Perioperative User Manuals
Authors: Landreneau Raphael 
Published: December 2010

AbstractReady access to equipment or product information is essential for the safe operation of the many items that a perioperative nurse is asked to use, troubleshoot, or maintain. One institution's solution for making manufacturer information available in the practice setting was to create a facility intranet site dedicated to OR equipment manuals. This site provides information access to perioperative nurses and support staff members and, ultimately, helps improve patient care.
Results of the 2010 AORN Salary and Compensation Survey
Authors: Bacon Donald 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAORN conducted its eighth annual compensation survey for perioperative nurses in June and July 2010. A multiple regression model was used to examine how a number of variables, including job title, education level, certification, experience, and geographic region, affect nurse compensation. Comparisons between the 2010 data and data from previous years are presented. The effects of other forms of compensation, such as on‐call compensation, overtime, bonuses, and shift differentials, on base compensation rates are also examined. Additional analyses explore the effect of the current economic downturn on the perioperative work environment.