bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Template-assisted growth of Ga-based nanoparticle clusters on Si: effect of post-annealing process on the Ga ion beam exposed 2D arrays fabricated by focused ion beam nanolithography
Authors: Radhakrishnan Hrudya , Rangarajan Rajagopal , Pandian Ramanathaswamy , Dhara Sandip Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate template-assisted growth of gallium-based nanoparticle clusters on silicon substrate using a focused ion beam (FIB) nanolithography technique. The nanolithography counterpart of the technique steers a focussed 30 kV accelerated gallium ion beam on the surface of Si to create template patterns of two-dimensional dot arrays. Growth of the nanoparticles is governed by two vital steps namely implantation of gallium into the substrate via gallium beam exposure and formation of the stable nanoparticles on the surface of the substrate by subsequent annealing at elevated temperature in ammonia atmosphere. The growth primarily depends on the dose of implanted gallium which is in the order of 107 atoms per spot and it is also critically influenced by the temperature and duration of the post-annealing treatment. By controlling the growth parameters, it is possible to obtain one particle per spot and particle densities as high as 109 particles per square centimetre could be achieved in this case. The demonstrated growth process, utilizing the advantages of FIB nanolithography, is categorized under the guided organization approach as it combines both the classical top-down and bottom-up approaches. Patterned growth of the particles could be utilized as templates or nucleation sites for the growth of an organized array of nanostructures or quantum dot structures.
Optimal hadamard single-pixel imaging based on fourier spectrum of pattern
Authors: Liu Yang , Yu Zhan , Li Xinjia , Sun Mingze , Zhao Dan , Zhang Jialin , Li Yue , Yuan Sheng , Xin Zhou 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A Hadamard single-pixel imaging method is proposed, which rearranges the order of Hadamard patterns by comparing their energy values of selected regions in the Fourier spectrum of the patterns, thereby optimizing the sampling times required when a certain level of image quality needed to be obtained. The relationship between the Fourier spectrum of the reconstructed image and the adopted projection patterns is explored, and we argue that the reconstructed object is actually a weighted superposition of the applied patterns. Simulation and experiment are carried out for the proposed method. The results show that the selection of pattern is crucial to the reconstruction of the object. We believe that this method may be helpful to the optimal design of single-pixel imaging pattern in the future.
Synthesis of tin oxide nanoparticles by chemical and biological methods and their applications in high performance supercapacitor electrode, antibacterial and antifungal activity
Authors: Govindasamy Suganya , Gunasekaran Balu Mahendran , Vaiyapuri Nandhakumar , Natarajan Balasubramanian , Nesakumar Noel , Varatharajan Bargavi , Britto Princess Gracia John , Arjunan Ariharan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The advancement of supercapacitor technology is impeded by a dearth of advanced electrode materials that can augment energy storage capabilities. In this-work, we propose a novel, sustainable methodology for synthesizing tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2-PJ NPs) utilizing Prosopis juliflora aqueous leaf extract as a stabilizing and reducing agent for the first time. These nanoparticles were evaluated in comparison to those synthesized via traditional chemical methods (SnO2-pure NPs). The samples were analyzed using an array of techniques including UV, FTIR, EDX, SEM, PL, XRD and XPS. The results indicated that the SnO2-PJ NPs exhibited superior performance as supercapacitor electrodes in both three-electrode and two-electrode system configurations. The symmetric supercapacitor device SnO2-PJ NPs displayed a high specific capacitance (98 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and energy density (31 Wh kg−1 at 0.35 kW kg−1) in an acidic electrolyte of 1 M H2SO4. Additionally, the SnO2-PJ NPs demonstrated exceptional cycling stability, maintaining 100% of their specific capacitance after 10,000 cycles. In conclusion, the SnO2-PJ NPs exhibit tremendous potential as a next-generation energy storage material, owing to their high-power density, high-energy density, and outstanding capacity. Additionally, antibacterial and antifungal activity of synthesized SnO2 NPs is studied. The bio-synthesized SnO2 PJ NPs possesses highest antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (17.0 ± 0.08 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (17.5 ± 0.74 mm) as well as one Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (15.0 ± 0.06 mm) at 200 μl. Furthermore, the bio-synthesized SnO2 PJ NPs possesses highest antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (10.0 ± 0.11 mm) and Aspergillus flavus (08.0 ± 0.12 mm) at 200 μl. The present work demonstrated an eco-friendly preparation of SnO2 NPs with high-performance supercapacitor electrode, good antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Solution of the foam-drainage equation with cubic B-spline hybrid approach
Authors: Yousafzai Alina , Haq Sirajul , Ghafoor Abdul , Shah Kamal , Abdeljawad Thabet 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This work presents a robust and efficient numerical stratagem for the study of integer and fractional order non-linear Foam-Drainage (FD) model. The scheme first uses, usual forward difference and the L
1 formula, in integer and fractional cases, respectively. Then, the collocation approach together with cubic B-splines (CBS) basis are employed to estimate the unknown solution and its derivatives. With the help of these discretizations and Quasi-linearization, solving non-linear FD model transforms to the system of linear algebraic equations. The solution of the linear system approximates the CBS coefficients which further leads to the numerical solutions. Moreover, by Von Neumann stability it is proved that the proposed scheme is unconditionally stable. To evaluate the performance and accuracy of the technique, absolute error (AE), L
2, and L
∞ norms are presented. The obtained outcomes are also matched with some existing results in literature. It is noted from simulations that the proposed method gives quite accurate solutions.
Geometric analysis of Riemannian doubly warped product submersions
Authors: Agarwal Richa , Fatima Tanveer , Yadav Sarvesh Kumar , Ali Shahid 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces the concept of Riemannian doubly warped product submersions as a natural generalization of Riemannian warped product submersions. We study some fundamental properties of such submersions and derived the conditions under which the Riemannian doubly warped product submersions have totally geodesic, totally umbilical, and minimal fibers. Furthermore, we analyze the curvature properties associated with Riemannian doubly warped product submersions and establish the Einstein conditions. Some non-trivial examples are explored to demonstrate the existence of such submersions.
Tamm phonon-polaritons triggered in hyperbolic material hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Wu Biyuan , Wu Xiaohu , Liu Haotuo , Li Hongju , Yi Zao , Huang Xiqiao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Tamm phonon polaritons (TPhPs) have been recently predicted and experimentally observed for the first time in silicon carbide (SiC) film, allowing for enhanced light–matter interactions and new opportunities for manipulating light at the micro- and nano-scale. Hyperbolic material hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), a two-dimensional Van der Waals crystal, also supports phonon polaritons. However, TPhPs in hBN have not been systematically studied yet. In this paper, we theoretically investigate TPhPs triggered in the structure based on one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) and hyperbolic material hBN film. It is found that the structure PC/spacer/semi-infinite hBN film can form TPhPs in the Type-II hyperbolic band, but not in the Type-I hyperbolic band. This phenomenon of selective excitation is attributed to the negative permittivity of hBN in the plane, rather than its out-of-plane permittivity. Importantly, TPhPs are sensitive to the thickness of the spacer, which can be regulated flexibly by changing the thickness. In addition, the selective excitation of TPhPs for hyperbolic bands in the configuration of finite hBN/spacer/PC is demonstrated using the same approach. It can be found that the absorption can reach 0.9 at the wavelength of 7.23 μm regardless of transverse electric or transverse magnetic waves, and the observed resonance has high quality factor of 181. This work provides a theoretical basis for TPhPs based on hyperbolic materials and has potential applications in highly sensitive sensors and selective absorbers.
Observing neutrinos from failed Supernovae at LNGS
Authors: Pagliaroli Giulia , Ternes Christoph A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We discuss the possibility to observe neutrinos emitted from a failed core collapse Supernova in the various experiments at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. We show that the veto regions of dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments can be used as a network of small detectors to measure Supernova neutrinos. In addition we show that this network can measure very precisely the moment of black hole formation, which can be then used in the nearby VIRGO detector and future Einstein Telescope, in case the Sardinia site is selected, to look for the gravitational wave counterpart to the neutrino signal.
Effect of Panel Misalignment Error Distribution on the Radiation Pattern of Leighton Chajnantor Telescope’s Antenna
Authors: You Jia , Wang Zheng , Reeves Díaz Rodrigo Andrés 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Leighton dish formerly at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory will be reassembled to become the Leighton Chajnantor Telescope (LCT). It will be required to demonstrate high surface accuracy and controlled radiation patterns at high frequency, which are largely limited by surface error due to panel misalignment on the primary reflector. Not only the surface rms error but also the error distribution has effect on the radiation pattern of the antenna. Therefore, analyzing the effect of error distributions resulting from various panel misalignments on the radiation pattern of the antenna will facilitate better compensation of surface errors during the reassembly process. To acquire the radiation pattern of LCT’s antenna with panel misalignments, we first propose a simulation method based on physical optics and the physical theory of diffraction, which offers precise results but is time-consuming, especially at high frequencies. Then, we propose a rapid computation method that combines the method of calculating the optical path difference (OPD), the OPD fitting method, and the aperture integration method for segmented reflectors. Experimental results demonstrate that the rapid computation method is highly efficient and accurate compared to the simulation method. In order to show the effect of error distributions due to two typical panel misalignments (i.e., piston and tip-tilt) on radiation patterns, experiments are conducted using the two proposed methods for various error distributions. These experiments indicate that for the same surface rms error, smaller panel errors at smaller normalized aperture radii are more conducive to achieving improved characteristics of the radiation patterns, such as reduced peak gain losses and lower sidelobe levels. Additionally, comparison experiments also reveal that variations in piston error have a greater impact on the radiation patterns than variations in tip-tilt error under the same surface rms error.
High sensitivity and wide detection range temperature and refractive index photonic crystal fiber sensor
Authors: Du Zhenhua , Tian Jingyi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A D-shaped surface plasmon resonance temperature and refractive index (RI) sensor based on photonic crystal fiber is proposed. The fiber core is composed of five air holes arranged in a pentagonal shape, which effectively improves the sensitivity. The gold film is used as a plasmonic material, and the mixture of ethanol and chloroform is used as a temperature sensitive liquid. A finite element method with higher accuracy and stronger applicability is used to study the performance of the sensor. The results indicate that when filling the mixture, the temperature sensor can detect the temperature in the range of 0 °C–60 °C. A maximum temperature sensitivity of 11.0 nm °C−1 is obtained by filling the mixture. The RI sensor can detect RI in the range of 1.13–1.40, with the wavelength range of 1.2–2.4 μm, and the maximum wavelength sensitivity reaches up to 21 000 nm RIU−1. The sensor can be used in biomedicine, environmental monitoring, food detection, temperature detection and other related fields, and has certain competitiveness and commercial value.
Enhancement of deltaful two-pion exchange nuclear forces
Authors: Chen Haiming , Peng Rui , Lyu Songlin , Long Bingwei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The role of the delta isobar degrees of freedom in nucleon–nucleon scattering is revisited. We attempt to understand why the dimensionally regularized two-pion exchanges with the explicit delta isobar is much stronger than the ones with spectral function regularization. When the cut-off value of spectral function regularization is varied, the isoscalar central component exhibits a rather large cut-off variation. This reveals a surprisingly large numerical factor of the deltaful two-pion exchange potentials. The power counting is adjusted accordingly and we discuss the results and how to improve upon this finding.
Stability analysis and soliton solutions of the (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear chiral Schrödinger equation in nuclear physics
Authors: Badshah Fazal , Tariq Kalim U , Bekir Ahmet , Raza Kazmi S M , Az-Zo’bi Emad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The nonlinear Schrödinger equation equation is one of the most important physical models used in optical fiber theory to explain the transmission of an optical soliton. The field of chiral soliton propagation in nuclear physics is very interesting because of its numerous applications in communications and ultra-fast signal routing systems. The (1+1)-dimensional chiral dynamical structure that describes the soliton behaviour in data transmission is dealt with in this work using a variety of in-depth analytical techniques. This work has applications in particle physics, ionised science, nuclear physics, optics, and other applied mathematical sciences. We are able to develop a variety of solutions to demonstrate the behaviour of solitary wave structures, periodic soliton solutions, chiral soliton solutions, and bell-shaped soliton solutions with the use of applied techniques. Moreover, in order to verify the scientific calculations, the stability analysis for the observed solutions of the governing model is taken into consideration. In addition, the 3-dimensional, contour, and 2-dimensional visuals are supplied for a better understanding of the behaviour of the solutions. The employed strategies are dependable, uncomplicated, and effective; yet have not been utilised with the governing model in the literature that is now accessible. The resulting outcomes have impressive applications across a large number of study areas and computational physics phenomena representing real-world scenarios. The methods applied in this model are not utilized on the given models in previous literature so we can say that these describe the novelty of the work.
On the energetic particle-induced geodesic acoustic modes with finite-orbit-width effects
Authors: Chen Zhe , Li Yixiang , Ren Haijun , M. Roach Colin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study presents an analytical investigation of energetic particle-induced geodesic acoustic modes (EGAMs) within a gyro-kinetic model, incorporating finite-orbit-width (FOW) effects up to the second order. The inclusion of second-order FOW effects introduces two distinct types of energetic particle-wave resonances, occurring at

ω
=

ω
t
h

and

ω
=
2

ω
t
h

, respectively, where

ω
t
h

denotes the transit frequency of energetic particles (EPs). It is found that two unstable EGAM branches coexist: a low frequency branch (LFB) characterized by

0
<

ω
LFB

<

ω

t
,
max

h

, and a high frequency branch (HFB) marked by

ω

t
,
max

h

<

ω
HFB

<
2

ω

t
,
max

h

. The instability of LFB primarily arises from the resonance

ω
=

ω
t
h

, mainly introduced by first-order FOW effects. As a result, the instability of LFB always exists regardless of the presence or absence of second-order FOW effects, and is barely modified by these effects. In contrast, the instability of HFB is exclusively attributed to the resonance

ω
=
2

ω
t
h

induced by second-order FOW effects. Consequently, the HFB exhibits instability in the presence of these effects.
Investigation of MHD flow balancing in electrically conductive manifolds of liquid metal blankets
Authors: Lv Xinting , Zhang Xiujie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the liquid metal (LM) blanket design for magnetic confinement fusion reactors, manifolds including main and branch ducts are commonly used to direct fluids to various locations of the blanket to cool its components. The primary objective of this structural configuration is to achieve flow balancing within each branch duct. However, magnetohydrodynamic effects will cause uneven flow distribution, consequently, uncontrollable overheating phenomena in certain blanket segments may be caused by this flow distribution. To assess its impact, the influences of external magnetic fields, inlet velocities and coupling wall thicknesses on the flow partitioning in conductive manifolds are investigated in this study. The results indicate that the flow distribution among the branch ducts becomes less uniform as the external magnetic field strength increases, while varying the inlet velocity has minimal impact. In addition, increasing the coupling wall thickness leads to more even flow distribution when the rectangular branch ducts are perpendicular with the magnetic field direction. Based on above physical understanding, three controlling methods for the flow partitioning in conductive manifolds are proposed to achieve flow balancing in each branch duct and then validated through numerical simulations. The results indicate that flow balancing can be achieved by adjusting the coupling wall thickness when the rectangular branch ducts are aligned with the magnetic field direction, however, it is challenging when they are perpendicular. Furthermore, the flow balancing can be realized by a symmetrical design of the manifold with circular branch pipes and it is independent of external magnetic fields and inlet velocities. These findings will enhance the physical understanding of flow distribution patterns in conductive manifolds under strong magnetic fields, which is important for the flow control and design of manifolds in LM blankets.
Microwave complex conductivity measurement of superconducting very thin FeSe1−xTex films (x = 0 - 0.5)
Authors: Matsumoto Gaku , Ogawa Ryo , Higasa Koji , Kobayashi Tomoki , Nakagawa Hiroki , Maeda Atsutaka 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In order to measure the complex conductivity of superconducting films much thinner than the penetration depth, for wide temperature range including the vicinity of T
c, we developed a novel cavity pertubation technique utilizing microwave electric fields parallel to the film surface. By applying this newly developed technique to FeSe1−x
Te
x
films, we found changes in the temperature dependence of the superfluid density and the quasiparticle scattering rate at the nematic boundary, which is in agreement with the results already obtained in the measurement in microwave magnetic field at lower temperatures. These changes in the nematic boundary suggests a variation in the superconducting gap structure between samples in the nematic and non-nematic phases.
Energization test apparatus of HTS coils cooled by liquid hydrogen and manufacture of split-type REBCO external field coil
Authors: Ohya M. , Imagawa S. , Shirai Y. , Kobayashi H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Liquid hydrogen (LH2) is a potential coolant of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) devices. However, owing to the high flammability of hydrogen and the risk of hydrogen embrittlement in materials, studies on LH2-cooled superconducting devices are rare. We developed an LH2 test apparatus to analyze the basic characteristics of LH2 as a coolant and evaluate the energizing characteristics of LH2-cooled superconducting wires. A REBCO external field coil was designed and manufactured for conducting cooling stability tests on various HTS coils cooled by LH2. The field coil, comprising eight single pancake coils of 4 mm wide REBCO wires, with inner diameter 106 mm and outer diameter 250 mm was divided into upper and lower sections. The test coil was placed in the central space. A magnetic field perpendicular to the test coil’s wire surface was generated by running currents in opposite directions through the upper and lower sections. Each double pancake coil was securely placed in a stainless-steel housing to withstand repulsive electromagnetic forces. The manufactured field coil was cooled using LH2, energized to 150 A, and successfully generated the intended magnetic field of 1.75 T. No increase in voltage was observed in any of the double pancake coils, and there was no mechanical degradation due to electromagnetic forces. Subsequently, we initiated thermal runaway tests on various HTS coils using the manufactured field coil to assess the cooling stability of LH2-cooled HTS coils. The study will facilitate the development of explosion-proof designs and safety technologies for LH2-cooled superconducting devices and cooling systems.