bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Event-Based Prospective Memory in Newly Diagnosed, Drug-Naive Parkinson's Disease Patients
Authors: Pagni Cristina , Frosini Daniela , Ceravolo Roberto , Giunti Giulia , Unti Elisa , Poletti Michele , McClintock Shawn M. , Murri Luigi , Bonuccelli Ubaldo , Tognoni Gloria 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe present study investigated memory for intention in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) who were newly diagnosed and not yet treated to avoid the effect of therapy as a potential confounding variable. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery and an event-based prospective memory task were administered to 41 subjects with de novo PD and 40 control subjects. Separate scores were computed for correct execution of intended action (prospective component) and recall of intention (retrospective component). PD patients performed marginally worse (p = .053) than controls on the prospective component of the task. On the other hand, the performance of the two groups was comparable for the retrospective component. Neuropsychological findings revealed lower performance of the PD group in episodic memory and in some measures of executive functions. These results suggested a subtle prospective memory dysfunction present at the initial stage of PD, which may be related to disruption of fronto-striatal circuitry. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1158–1162)
In vivo grafting of wild Lens species to Vicia faba rootstocks
Authors: Yuan Hai Ying , Lulsdorf Monika , Tullu Abebe , Gurusamy Valar , Vandenberg Albert 
Published: October 2011

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was used as the rootstock for lentil scions to test the feasibility of using in vivo inter-generic grafting techniques as a substitute for root induction and as a tool in lentil genetic improvement. An accession of each of the six wild Lens species was used as the scion in grafts to faba bean breeding line FB50-9 rootstock. Successful grafts were obtained for all species with survival of grafts to seed maturity between 70.7 and 87.7% except for Lens orientalis PI 72735 with 55.3% survival. Days to flower remained the same after grafting, except for scions of L. nigricans PI 72560 and L. orientalis PI 72735 which had a lag phase of 9 and 7 d, respectively. For all six wild species, seed diameter and seed weight were not significantly different between non-grafted controls and scions grafted onto faba bean rootstocks. This simple approach opens the possibility of using in vivo grafting techniques to rescue inter-specific hybrids of lentil. The technique has potential as a useful tool in lentil breeding, as a means of improving seed multiplication rate of rare genetic resources of wild lentil and as a way to reduce the costs of germplasm multiplication of wild lentil species.
Primary-care mental-health workers’ views of clinical supervision
Authors: McFadyen Kenneth M. , Darongkamas Jurai , Crowther-Green Ross , Williams Olivia 
Published: October 2011

AbstractClinical supervision is an essential component of psychological work with clients. This article presents views of a group of primary-care mental-health workers on the introduction of clinical supervision. A focus group interview was analysed. The key themes extracted were: the supervisor's approach that provided an educative, safe, boundaried space that allowed exploration, support and validation; the advantages and disadvantages of group supervision; helpful and unhelpful ingredients of supervision; the governance and facilitative functions of supervision; and the dangers inherent in not having supervision for both client and worker. Key recommendations are made encompassing: training in supervision and a psychological approach; encouraging theory–practice consolidation; balancing competency with curiosity; and reviewing supervision regularly. Limitations of the study are also discussed.
Pteropod time-series from the NE Pacific
Authors: Mackas David L. , Galbraith Moira D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMackas, D. L., and Galbraith, M. D. 2012. Pteropod time-series from the NE Pacific. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 448–459. Pteropods are marine planktonic molluscs that play important roles as broad-spectrum microplankton grazers, and as prey for fish, squid, and other plankton. Most species (e.g. Limacina, Clio) form aragonite shells. Others (e.g. Clione) lack shells as adults but are narrow-spectrum predators that rely on shelled pteropods as their primary or exclusive prey. The entire group is therefore potentially threatened by increasing ocean acidification, which in some regions (including the NE Pacific) is now approaching the solubility threshold for aragonite. Despite the grounds for ecological concern, there are few long-term time-series of pteropod populations. Time-series of pteropod biomass anomalies off the Vancouver Island continental margin and in the eastern Alaska Gyre (Line P) are analysed. Off both southern and northern Vancouver Island, Limacina (the dominant Subarctic thecate pteropod) has declined notably. Continental margin trends for Clione (the dominant athecate) are mostly positive but not significant. Occurrence rate and quantity of Clio (a subtropical species) have increased greatly. The shorter (13–14 year) Line P time-series as yet shows no overall trends for any of the species, although there are positive annual anomalies of Clio in the same years in both continental margin and oceanic regions.
The Transcription Factor CrWRKY1 Positively Regulates the Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus
Authors: Suttipanta Nitima , Pattanaik Sitakanta , Kulshrestha Manish , Patra Barunava , Singh Sanjay K. , Yuan Ling 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Catharanthus roseus produces a large array of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) that are an important source of natural or semisynthetic anticancer drugs. The biosynthesis of TIAs is tissue specific and induced by certain phytohormones and fungal elicitors, indicating the involvement of a complex transcriptional control network. However, the transcriptional regulation of the TIA pathway is poorly understood. Here, we describe a C. roseus WRKY transcription factor, CrWRKY1, that is preferentially expressed in roots and induced by the phytohormones jasmonate, gibberellic acid, and ethylene. The overexpression of CrWRKY1 in C. roseus hairy roots up-regulated several key TIA pathway genes, especially Tryptophan Decarboxylase (TDC), as well as the transcriptional repressors ZCT1 (for zinc-finger C. roseus transcription factor 1), ZCT2, and ZCT3. However, CrWRKY1 overexpression repressed the transcriptional activators ORCA2, ORCA3, and CrMYC2. Overexpression of a dominant-repressive form of CrWRKY1, created by fusing the SRDX repressor domain to CrWRKY1, resulted in the down-regulation of TDC and ZCTs but the up-regulation of ORCA3 and CrMYC2. CrWRKY1 bound to the W box elements of the TDC promoter in electrophoretic mobility shift, yeast one-hybrid, and C. roseus protoplast assays. Up-regulation of TDC increased TDC activity, tryptamine concentration, and resistance to 4-methyl tryptophan inhibition of CrWRKY1 hairy roots. Compared with control roots, CrWRKY1 hairy roots accumulated up to 3-fold higher levels of serpentine. The preferential expression of CrWRKY1 in roots and its interaction with transcription factors including ORCA3, CrMYC2, and ZCTs may play a key role in determining the root-specific accumulation of serpentine in C. roseus plants.
Compulsive features in behavioural addictions: the case of pathological gambling
Authors: el‐Guebaly Nady , Mudry Tanya , Zohar Joseph , Tavares Hermano , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To describe, in the context of DSM‐V, how a focus on addiction and compulsion is emerging in the consideration of pathological gambling (PG).Methods  A systematic literature review of evidence for the proposed re‐classification of PG as an addiction.Results  Findings include: (i) phenomenological models of addiction highlighting a motivational shift from impulsivity to compulsivity associated with a protracted withdrawal syndrome and blurring of the ego‐syntonic/ego‐dystonic dichotomy; (ii) common neurotransmitter (dopamine, serotonin) contributions to PG and substance use disorders (SUDs); (iii) neuroimaging support for shared neurocircuitries between ‘behavioural’ and substance addictions and differences between obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), impulse control disorders (ICDs) and SUDs; (iv) genetic findings more closely related to endophenotypic constructs such as compulsivity and impulsivity than to psychiatric disorders; (v) psychological measures such as harm avoidance identifying a closer association between SUDs and PG than with OCD; (vi) community and pharmacotherapeutic trials data supporting a closer association between SUDs and PG than with OCD. Adapted behavioural therapies, such as exposure therapy, appear applicable to OCD, PG or SUDs, suggesting some commonalities across disorders.Conclusions  PG shares more similarities with SUDs than with OCD. Similar to the investigation of impulsivity, studies of compulsivity hold promising insights concerning the course, differential diagnosis and treatment of PG, SUDs, and OCD.
Addiction Research Centres and the Nurturing of Creativity
Authors: Hakkarainen Pekka , Kiianmaa Kalervo , Kuoppasalmi Kimmo , Tigerstedt Christoffer 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe Department of Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction started operations on 1 January 2009, when the National Institute of Public Health (KTL) and the National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health (STAKES) were merged. The newly formed institute, called the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), operates under the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. The scope of the research and preventive work conducted in the Department covers alcohol, drugs, tobacco and gambling issues. The two main tasks of the Department are (i) to research, produce and disseminate information on alcohol and drugs, substance use, addictions and their social and health‐related effects and (ii) to develop prevention and good practices with a view to counteracting the onset and development of alcohol and drug problems and the damaging effects of smoking and other addictions. The number of staff hovers at approximately 60 people. The Department is organized into three units, one specialized in social sciences (the Alcohol and Drug Research Unit), another in laboratory analytics (the Alcohol and Drug Analytics Unit) and the third primarily in preventive work (the Addiction Prevention Unit). These units incorporate a rich variety and long traditions of both research and preventive work. The mixture of different disciplines creates good opportunities for interdisciplinary research projects and collaboration within the Department. Also, the fact that in the same administrative context there are both researchers and people specialized in preventive work opens up interesting possibilities for combining efforts from these two branches. Nationally, the Department is a key player in all its fields of interest. It engages in a great deal of cooperation both nationally and internationally, and among its strengths are the high‐quality, regularly collected long‐term data sets.
Identification of BoLA‐DRB3.2 alleles in Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) and Holstein populations using a next generation sequencer
Authors: Lee Bo‐Young , Hur Tai‐Young , Jung Young‐Hun , Kim Heebal 
Published: October 2011

SummaryBovine leucocyte antigen (encoded by BoLA) has been widely studied to identify the association with many traits related to immunity. Exon2 of BoLA‐DRB3 is extremely polymorphic, and more than 100 alleles have been identified. We investigated polymorphisms of BoLA‐DRB3.2 in Korean native cattle and Holstein populations using a next generation sequencer of the GS‐FLX Titanium system. We found 38 alleles including 11 new alleles (BoLA‐DRB3*1303, *4702, *7101, *7501, *7201, *7301, *7601, *1104, *7701, *7401 and *50021) in Hanwoo, and nine alleles including one new allele (BoLA‐DRB3*7601) in Holstein. The 454 sequencing method is a promising alternative technology for high throughput genotyping of BoLA‐DRB3.2 because of its technical advantages that allow it to overcome the disadvantages of sequence‐based typing methods.
Mechanism‐based population modelling of the effects of vildagliptin on GLP‐1, glucose and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Landersdorfer Cornelia B. , He Yan‐Ling , Jusko William J. 
Published: October 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Vildagliptin is a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase‐IV (DPP‐4).• DPP‐4 inhibition leads to increased active glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) concentrations and decreased plasma glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• No mechanism‐based population PD modelling has been conducted to understand the effects of vildagliptin on active GLP‐1, glucose and insulin.• Active GLP‐1 concentrations could be described by secretion of active GLP‐1 from the gut in response to a meal and elimination by DPP‐4 and an additional non‐saturable elimination pathway.• The effects of vildagliptin on glucose and insulin are primarily via enhanced GLP‐1 concentrations which could be modelled by its effects on insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity.• Parallelized S‐ADAPT but not NONMEM VI proved to be an excellent choice for estimating a complex population model such as the current PK/PD model.AIM To build a mechanism‐based population pharmacodynamic model to describe and predict the time course of active GLP‐1, glucose and insulin in type 2 diabetic patients after treatment with various doses of vildagliptin.METHODS Vildagliptin concentrations, DPP‐4 activity, active GLP‐1, glucose and insulin concentrations from 13 type 2 diabetic patients after oral vildagliptin doses of 10, 25 or 100 mg and placebo twice daily for 28 days were co‐modelled. The population PK/PD model was developed utilizing the MC‐PEM algorithm in parallelized S‐ADAPT version 1.56.RESULTS In the PD model, active GLP‐1 production was stimulated by gastrointestinal intake of nutrients. Active GLP‐1 was primarily metabolized by DPP‐4 and an additional non‐saturable pathway. Increased plasma glucose stimulated secretion of insulin which stimulated utilization of glucose. Active GLP‐1 stimulated both glucose‐dependent insulin secretion and insulin‐dependent glucose utilization. Complete inhibition of DPP‐4 resulted in an approximately 2.5‐fold increase of active GLP‐1 half‐life.CONCLUSIONS The effects of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes on several PD endpoints were successfully described by the proposed model. The mechanisms of vildagliptin on glycaemic control could be evaluated from a variety of aspects such as effects of DPP‐4 on GLP‐1, effects of GLP‐1 on insulin secretion and effects on hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. The present model can be used to predict the effects of other dosage regimens of vildagliptin on DPP‐4 inhibition, active GLP‐1, glucose and insulin concentrations, or can be modified and applied to other incretin‐related anti‐diabetes therapies.
Comparison of the effects of levofloxacin on QT/QTc interval assessed in both healthy Japanese and Caucasian subjects
Authors: Sugiyama Atsushi , Nakamura Yuji , Nishimura Satomi , Adachi‐Akahane Satomi , Kumagai Yuji , Gayed Juleen , Naseem Asif , Ferber Georg , Taubel Jorg , Camm John 
Published: October 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Although the ICH guidelines state that it is not expected that the results of a ‘thorough QT interval/corrected QT interval (QT/QTc)’ study would be affected by ethnic factors and would consequently be independent of the race of the study population, there is little documented evidence to support or refute this.• Since 2010, the ICH E14 guidelines have been fully adopted in Japan, and the question has arisen of whether specific ethnic studies will become necessary to assess cardiac safety in Japanese individuals.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• The findings of this study suggest that there is no difference in QTc‐prolonging effect between Japanese and Caucasian subjects following levofloxacin dosing. However, a trend (not statistically significant) suggests that Caucasian subjects are more sensitive. Age and sex did not have an impact on the comparison of QT interval corrected using Fridericia's formula (QTcF) effects in this study.AIMS There is no consensus as to what extent the results of thorough QT interval/corrected QT interval (QT/QTc) studies need to be bridged.METHODS The results of two studies using levofloxacin in Japanese and Caucasian subjects were compared in a post hoc analysis to investigate the similarity of dose–effect responses.RESULTS Concentration–response analysis based on the change of QT interval corrected using Fridericia's formula (QTcF) from time‐matched placebo was planned and performed in the combined data sets. At the geometric maximum mean concentration for the two doses in the Caucasian study, a predicted effect on QTcF comparable to the effects observed was found. For the Japanese study, the predicted effect was lower, but the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS No statistically significant differences in QTc‐prolonging effect between Japanese and Caucasian subjects were observed following levofloxacin dosing. However, a trend suggests that Caucasian subjects may be more sensitive. Age and sex did not have an impact.
Immunology in the Clinic Review Series; focus on host responses: T cell responses to herpes simplex viruses
Authors: Laing K J , Dong L , Sidney J , Sette A , Koelle D M 
Published: October 2011

SummaryOTHER THEMES PUBLISHED IN THIS IMMUNOLOGY IN THE CLINIC REVIEW SERIESAllergy, Metabolic Diseases, Cancer, Autoinflammatory Diseases, Type 1 diabetes and viruses.Herpes virus infections are chronic and co-exist with acquired immune responses that generally prevent severe damage to the host, while allowing periodic shedding of virus and maintenance of its transmission in the community. Herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) are typical in this regard and are representative of the viral subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, which has a tropism for neuronal and epithelial cells. This review will emphasize recent progress in decoding the physiologically important CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses to HSV in humans. The expanding data set is discussed in the context of the search for an effective HSV vaccine as therapy for existing infections and to prevent new infections.
The natural history of the normal/mild elevated TSH serum levels in children and adolescents with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and isolated hyperthyrotropinaemia: a 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Radetti Giorgio , Maselli Mara , Buzi Fabio , Corrias Andrea , Mussa Alessandro , Cambiaso Paola , Salerno Mariacarolina , Cappa Marco , Baiocchi Michela , Gastaldi Roberto , Minerba Luigi , Loche Sandro 
Published: October 2011

SummaryObjective  The natural history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and isolated hyperthyrotropinaemia (IH) is not well defined. We therefore studied the natural course of patients with HT and IH and looked for possible prognostic factors.Design  This is retrospective cross‐sectional study.Patients  Three hundred and twenty‐three patients with HT (88 boys and 235 girls) and 59 with IH (30 boys and 29 girls), mean age 9·9 ± 3·8 years were included in the study. When first examined, 236 of the children with HT had a normal TSH (G0) and in 87, it was elevated but <100% of the upper limit (G1). All IH subjects had elevated TSH. Potential risk factors for thyroid failure were evaluated after 3 years and included the presence or familiarity for endocrine/autoimmune diseases, premature birth, signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism, TSH levels, antithyroid antibodies and thyroid volume.Results  HT: Of those with HT, 170 G0 patients remained stable, 31 moved to G1 and 35 to G2 (hypothyroidism). Thirty‐six G1 children moved to G0, 17 remained stable and 34 moved to G2. Of patients with IH: 23 normalized, 28 remained stable and eight became overtly hypothyroid. In patients with HT, the presence of coeliac disease, elevated TSH and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) increased the risk of developing hypothyroidism by 4·0‐, 3·4‐ and 3·5‐fold, respectively. The increase in TSH levels during follow‐up was strongly predictive of the development of hypothyroidism. In patients with IH, no predictive factor could be identified.Conclusions  Coeliac disease, elevated TSH and TPOAb at presentation and a progressive increase in TSH are predictive factors for thyroid failure in HT patients.
Estimating magnetic dike parameters using a non‐linear constrained inversion technique: an example from the Särna area, west central Sweden
Authors: Beiki Majid , Pedersen Laust B. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we describe a non‐linear constrained inversion technique for 2D interpretation of high resolution magnetic field data along flight lines using a simple dike model. We first estimate the strike direction of a quasi 2D structure based on the eigenvector corresponding to the minimum eigenvalue of the pseudogravity gradient tensor derived from gridded, low‐pass filtered magnetic field anomalies, assuming that the magnetization direction is known. Then the measured magnetic field can be transformed into the strike coordinate system and all magnetic dike parameters – horizontal position, depth to the top, dip angle, width and susceptibility contrast – can be estimated by non‐linear least squares inversion of the high resolution magnetic field data along the flight lines.We use the Levenberg‐Marquardt algorithm together with the trust‐region‐reflective method enabling users to define inequality constraints on model parameters such that the estimated parameters are always in a trust region. Assuming that the maximum of the calculated gzz (vertical gradient of the pseudogravity field) is approximately located above the causative body, data points enclosed by a window, along the profile, centred at the maximum of gzz are used in the inversion scheme for estimating the dike parameters. The size of the window is increased until it exceeds a predefined limit. Then the solution corresponding to the minimum data fit error is chosen as the most reliable one.Using synthetic data we study the effect of random noise and interfering sources on the estimated models and we apply our method to a new aeromagnetic data set from the Särna area, west central Sweden including constraints from laboratory measurements on rock samples from the area.