bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward solving the global green–green dilemma between wind energy production and bat conservation
Authors: Voigt Christian C , Bernard Enrico , Huang Joe Chun-Chia , Frick Winifred F , Kerbiriou Christian , MacEwan Kate , Mathews Fiona , Rodríguez-Durán Armando , Scholz Carolin , Webala Paul W , Welbergen Justin , Whitby Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Wind energy production is growing rapidly worldwide in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, wind energy production is not environmentally neutral. Negative impacts on volant animals, such as bats, include fatalities at turbines and habitat loss due to land-use change and displacement. Siting turbines away from ecologically sensitive areas and implementing measures to reduce fatalities are critical to protecting bat populations. Restricting turbine operations during periods of high bat activity is the most effective form of mitigation currently available to reduce fatalities. Compensating for habitat loss and offsetting mortality are not often practiced, because meaningful offsets are lacking. Legal frameworks to prevent or mitigate the negative impacts of wind energy on bats are absent in most countries, especially in emerging markets. Therefore, governments and lending institutions are key in reconciling wind energy production with biodiversity goals by requiring sufficient environmental standards for wind energy projects.
New potentiometric sensor for total phenolic assay of plant extracts
Authors: Işıldak Ömer , Yıldız İlyas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, a sensitive, fast, and inexpensive new potentiometric determination method based on the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) is proposed to determine the total phenolic content in plant extracts. For this purpose, a potentiometric-based all-solid-state-contact polyvinyl chloride membrane sensor was developed. Gallic acid compound was used as the active component (ionophore) in the developed sensor and the potentiometric behavior of the sensor was characterized. The detection limit of the selective sensor to the FCR was determined as 0.022 mol L−1 and showed a linear potential change in the concentration range of 0.0039 to 0.5 mol L−1 and a fast response time of 40 to 45 s. The developed sensor was also applied to the plant extracts and the obtained measurement results were found to be in agreement with the spectrometer results in the literature.
Association of calciprotein particles with serum phosphorus among patients undergoing conventional and extended-hours haemodialysis
Authors: Nishibori Nobuhiro , Okazaki Masaki , Miura Yutaka , Hishida Manabu , Kurasawa Shimon , Imaizumi Takahiro , Kato Noritoshi , Kosugi Tomoki , Kuro-o Makoto , Kasuga Hirotake , Kaneda Fumika , Maruyama Shoichi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and hypothesis
Extended-hours haemodialysis (HD) is associated with better clinical outcomes than conventional HD. We investigated whether extended-hours HD and conventional HD have varying effects on blood levels of calciprotein particles (CPP) and phosphorus, which have been identified as major pathogenic molecules for vascular calcification.

Methods
Patients who underwent conventional or extended in-centre daytime HD between January and March 2020 were included. Plasma CPP levels, representing only secondary CPP (CPP-Ⅱ), were measured in pre-dialysis samples. Linear and non-linear associations between CPP and serum phosphorus levels were examined across dialysis modalities.

Results
A total of 382 participants (185 undergoing extended-hours HD and 197 undergoing conventional HD) were included in the analysis. The median age of participants was 71 years, 65% of the patients were men, and the mean phosphorus level was 5.4 mg/dL. Plasma CPP (CPP-Ⅱ) levels were lower in the extended-hours HD group than in the conventional HD group (40 018 AU vs. 75 728 AU, p &lt; 0.01). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that extended-hours HD was associated with lower natural logarithmic plasma CPP (CPP-Ⅱ) levels: -0.64 (95% CI: -0.74 to -0.55). Restricted cubic spline function indicated that extended-hours HD was associated with lower plasma CPP (CPP-Ⅱ) levels across levels of serum phosphorus, with significant differences observed between groups, especially in hyperphosphatemic conditions (P for interaction &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
The extended-hours HD group had lower CPP levels than the conventional HD group despite no significant differences in serum phosphorus levels, which may contribute to better clinical outcomes in patients on extended-hours HD.
The value of the current histological scores and classifications of ANCA glomerulonephritis in predicting long-term outcome
Authors: Stella Matteo , Locatelli Laura , Sala Filippo Maria , Reggiani Francesco , Calatroni Marta , L'Imperio Vincenzo , Pagni Fabio , Maggiore Umberto , Moroni Gabriella , Sinico Renato Alberto 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Three different histological scores—histopathologic classification (Berden), Renal Risk Score (RRS) and the Mayo Clinic Chronicity Score (MCCS)—for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN) were compared to evaluate their association with patient and kidney prognosis of ANCA-GN.

Methods
Patients aged &gt;18 years with at least 1 year of follow-up and biopsy-proven ANCA-GN entered this retrospective study. Renal biopsies were classified according to Berden's classification, RRS and MCCS. The first endpoint was end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), defined as chronic dialysis or estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;15 mL/min/1.73 m2. The second endpoint was ESKD or death.

Results
Of 152 patients 84 were males, with median age of 63.8 years and followed for 46.9 (interquartile range 12.8–119) months, 59 (38.8%) reached the first endpoint and 20 died. The Kaplan–Meier curves showed that Berden and RRS were associated with first (Berden: P = .004, RRS: P &lt; .001) and second (Berden: P = .001, RRS: P &lt; .001) endpoint, MCCS with the first endpoint only when minimal + mild vs moderate + severe groups were compared (P = .017), and with the second endpoint (P &lt; .001). Among the clinical/histological presentation features, arterial hypertension [odds ratio (OR) = 2.75, confidence interval (95% CI) 1.50–5.06; P = .0011], serum creatinine (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.09–1.25; P &lt; .0001), and the percentage of normal glomeruli (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99; P = .009) were the independent predictors of ESKD at multivariate analysis. When the three scores were included in multivariate analysis, RRS (OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.15–4.24; P = .017) and MCCS (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.04–3.95; P = .037) remained predictive of ESKD, but Berden (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 0.62–2.22; P = .691) did not.

Conclusion
RRS and MCCS scores were independent predictors of kidney survival together with high serum creatinine and arterial hypertension at diagnosis, while Berden classification was not.
Interaction of general obesity and abdominal obesity with frailty in patients with chronic kidney disease: a nationally representative analysis
Authors: Yang Changyuan , Qin Xindong , Qiu Jiamei , Avesani Carla Maria , Cai Qingqing , Xia Ai , Lu Yi , Shen Lingshan , Duan Ruolan , Zhong Jingyi , Yang Zhenhua , Liu Xusheng , Lindholm Bengt , Lu Fuhua , Su Guobin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
General and abdominal obesity are prevalent, with established associations to frailty in the elderly. However, few studies have investigated these associations in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), yielding inconsistent results.

Methods
This cross-sectional study analysed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2003–2018). Frailty was evaluated by the 36-item frailty index. General obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) &gt;30 kg/m2; abdominal obesity was identified if waist circumference (WC) reached 102 cm in men and 88 cm in women. The associations of general and abdominal obesity with frailty were analysed using weighted multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic splines. The interaction of general and abdominal obesity with frailty was examined.

Results
A total of 5604 adult patients (median age 71 years, 42% men) with CKD were included in this analysis, with a median estimated glomerular filtration rate of 57.3 ml/min/1.73 m2. A total of 21% were frail with general obesity and 32% were frail with abdominal obesity. Neither general nor abdominal obesity alone was associated with frailty. There was an interaction between general and abdominal obesity with frailty. Compared with individuals with normal BMI and WC, those with both general and abdominal obesity, rather than either alone, exhibited significantly increased odds of frailty {odds ratio [OR] 1.53 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–1.95]}. General obesity was associated with being frail only when CKD patients had abdominal obesity [OR 1.59 (95% CI 1.08–2.36)].

Conclusions
There may be an interaction between general and abdominal obesity with frailty in patients with CKD. Interventions aimed at preventing frailty should consider both aspects.
Hydric physiology and ecology of a federally endangered desert lizard
Authors: Weaver Savannah J , Axsom Ian J , Peria Lindsay , McIntyre Tess , Chung Justin , Telemeco Rory S , Westphal Michael F , Taylor Emily N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Animals can respond to extreme climates by behaviourally avoiding it or by physiologically coping with it. We understand behavioural and physiological thermoregulation, but water balance has largely been neglected. Climate change includes both global warming and changes in precipitation regimes, so improving our understanding of organismal water balance is increasingly urgent. We assessed the hydric physiology of US federally endangered blunt-nosed leopard lizards (Gambelia sila) by measuring cutaneous evaporative water loss (CEWL), plasma osmolality and body condition. Measurements were taken throughout their active season, the short period of year when these lizards can be found aboveground. Compared to a more mesic species, G. sila had low CEWL which is potentially desert-adaptive, and high plasma osmolality that could be indicative of dehydration. We hypothesized that throughout the G. sila active season, as their habitat got hotter and drier, G. sila would become more dehydrated and watertight. Instead, CEWL and plasma osmolality showed minimal change for females and non-linear change for males, which we hypothesize is connected to sex-specific reproductive behaviours and changes in food availability. We also measured thermoregulation and microhabitat use, expecting that more dehydrated lizards would have lower body temperature, poorer thermoregulatory accuracy and spend less time aboveground. However, we found no effect of CEWL, plasma osmolality or body condition on these thermal and behavioural metrics. Finally, G. sila spends considerable time belowground in burrows, and burrows may serve not only as essential thermal refugia but also hydric refugia.
Role of multimodality cardiac imaging for evaluation of intramyocardial dissection, from dissecting haematoma to false-pseudoaneurysm: a case series
Authors: Carrión-Sánchez Irene , Tejada-González Carlos , Gómez-Delgado Jennifer , Párraga Rocio , Cobiella Javier , de Agustín Jose Alberto , Pozo-Osinalde Eduardo , García-Lledó Alberto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Intramyocardial dissection (ID) is an extremely rare myocardial infarction mechanical complication. Although both clinical and imaging assessment of this rare condition remains a challenge, recent multimodality imaging techniques may help to confirm and to assess the progressive nature of the disease. Diagnosis may be reached in different stages, from as early as the intramyocardial dissecting haematoma to the severe false-pseudoaneurysm.

Case summary
This series describes five cases of ID and provides insights into imaging findings and clinical course of this extremely uncommon condition. Our patients represented a wide range of clinical stages, from asymptomatic course to cardiogenic shock. The imaging diagnostic approach was very different from case to case and involved techniques such as echocardiography, cardiac CT, and cardiac magnetic resonance.

Discussion
Intramyocardial dissection is a challenging condition in terms of diagnosis and clinical management associated with high morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the different nomenclature found in the literature may be confusing. This case series supports the need of a terminology standardization and a multimodal imaging approach, which might be determinant for an accurate differential diagnosis and a suitable therapeutic management.
A rare case report of an acquired aortopulmonary artery fistula after Bentall procedure: multimodality imaging approach may be the key?
Authors: Barki Monica , Sacchi Stefania , Marcolin Cecilia , Ajello Silvia , Scandroglio Anna Mara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The acquired communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. Its diagnosis is challenging and may require a multimodality imaging approach.

Case summary
A 67-year-old Caucasian man, admitted for acute respiratory failure unresponsive to medical therapy and non-invasive ventilation, was diagnosed with an aortopulmonary fistula (APF) complicating a pseudoaneurysm of the aortic root. This condition developed after Bentall cardiac surgery, which entailed the use of a straight Dacron aortic graft coupled with a mechanical prosthesis. A multimodal imaging approach, combining echocardiography and computed tomography angiography, was diagnostic and supported the development of a surgical treatment strategy. The patient underwent successful surgical closure of the APF and correction of the aortic pseudoaneurysm.

Discussion
Aortopulmonary fistula can result in rapid clinical deterioration if left untreated. The combination of echocardiography and computed tomography angiography techniques allowed for the diagnosis and surgical correction of the APF.
Examining the typical hemodynamic performance of nearly 3000 modern surgical aortic bioprostheses
Authors: Klautz Robert J M , Rao Vivek , Reardon Michael J , Deeb G Michael , Dagenais Francois , Moront Michael G , Little Stephen H , Labrousse Louis , Patel Himanshu J , Ito Saki , Li Shuzhen , Sabik Joseph F , Oh Jae K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this analysis was to assess the normal haemodynamic performance of contemporary surgical aortic valves at 1 year postimplant in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement for significant valvular dysfunction. By pooling data from 4 multicentre studies, this study will contribute to a better understanding of the effectiveness of surgical aortic valve replacement procedures, aiding clinicians and researchers in making informed decisions regarding valve selection and patient management.

METHODS
Echocardiograms were assessed by a single core laboratory. Effective orifice area, dimensionless velocity index, mean aortic gradient, peak aortic velocity and stroke volume were evaluated.

RESULTS
The cohort included 2958 patients. Baseline age in the studies ranged from 70.1 ± 9.0 to 83.3 ± 6.4 years, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk of mortality was 1.9 ± 0.7 to 7.5 ± 3.4%. Twenty patients who had received a valve model implanted in fewer than 10 cases were excluded. Ten valve models (all tissue valves; n = 2938 patients) were analysed. At 1 year, population mean effective orifice area ranged from 1.46 ± 0.34 to 2.12 ± 0.59 cm2, and dimensionless velocity index, from 0.39 ± 0.07 to 0.56 ± 0.15. The mean gradient ranged from 8.6 ± 3.4 to 16.1 ± 6.2 mmHg with peak aortic velocity of 1.96 ± 0.39 to 2.65 ± 0.47 m/s. Stroke volume was 75.3 ± 19.6 to 89.8 ± 24.3 ml.

CONCLUSIONS
This pooled cohort is the largest to date of contemporary surgical aortic valves with echocardiograms analysed by a single core lab. Overall haemodynamic performance at 1 year ranged from good to excellent. These data can serve as a benchmark for other studies and may be useful to evaluate the performance of bioprosthetic surgical valves over time.

Clinical trial registration number
NCT02088554, NCT02701283, NCT01586910 and NCT01531374.
Twenty-first century customs fraud: how to effectively enforce EU sustainability requirements on imports
Authors: Pauwelyn Joost 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Countries increasingly adopt measures to make their economy more sustainable. These measures range from pricing carbon and protecting forests to promoting renewable energy and banning forced labour. This article examines how countries can effectively enforce such sustainability requirements on imports. Based on two case studies—the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR)—and other developments in EU customs law and practice, this article shows that customs inspection of elements that cannot be physically detected in the imported product as such is neither unique nor new. Similar challenges arise when dealing with massive inflows of small e-commerce consignments or having to check the origin or value of products. Indeed, for customs enforcement more generally, the trend is one away from physical inspection of products on a transaction basis at the point of entry, toward verification and control of firms before and especially after release of the goods. To implement this ‘product-to-firm’ shift, four back-up features are, however, crucial, focusing on data, penalties/circumvention, cooperation, and resources.
Chromothripsis: an emerging crossroad from aberrant mitosis to therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Ejaz Umer , Dou Zhen , Yao Phil Y , Wang Zhikai , Liu Xing , Yao Xuebiao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chromothripsis, a type of complex chromosomal rearrangement originally known as chromoanagenesis, has been a subject of extensive investigation due to its potential role in various diseases, particularly cancer. Chromothripsis involves the rapid acquisition of tens to hundreds of structural rearrangements within a short period, leading to complex alterations in one or a few chromosomes. This phenomenon is triggered by chromosome mis-segregation during mitosis. Errors in accurate chromosome segregation lead to formation of aberrant structural entities such as micronuclei or chromatin bridges. The association between chromothripsis and cancer has attracted significant interest, with potential implications for tumorigenesis and disease prognosis. This review aims to explore the intricate mechanisms and consequences of chromothripsis, with a specific focus on its association with mitotic perturbations. Herein, we discuss a comprehensive analysis of crucial molecular entities and pathways, exploring the intricate roles of the CIP2A–TOPBP1 complex, micronuclei formation, chromatin bridge processing, DNA damage repair, and mitotic checkpoints. Moreover, the review will highlight recent advancements in identifying potential therapeutic targets and the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with chromothripsis, paving the way for future therapeutic interventions in various diseases.
Cardiovascular disease risk factor prevalence among police officials: findings from a cross-sectional study in Kerala, India
Authors: Greeshma J , Mini G K , Marthanda Pillai A , Irazola Vilma 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Police officials’ stressful and physically demanding activities reportedly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study explored the prevalence of CVD risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and overweight among police officials in Kerala, India.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 police officials in selected police stations in the Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. The World Health Organization STEPs questionnaire for noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance was used to collect information. We collected STEP 1 (demographics, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet) and STEP 2 (weight, height, and blood pressure) data. Multivariable analysis was done to identify factors associated with hypertension.

Results
The mean age of participants was 42 years (range: 30-55 years) and the majority were men (83.5%). Current use of tobacco or alcohol was reported by 22.7% of the participants. The prevalence of overweight was 64.7% and physical inactivity was 35.1%. Self-reported prevalence of diabetes was 7.5% and of hyperlipidemia was 11.4%. Hypertension prevalence was 40.4%. Among hypertensives, 35.9% were aware, 20.4% were treated, and 5.8% had controlled blood pressure. The control rate was 28.6% among treated hypertensives. When controlling for age, diabetes (odds ratio [OR]: 3.57; 95% CI: 1.16-10.90), and overweight (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.06-3.35) participants were more likely to have hypertension compared with their counterparts.

Conclusions
Police officers have a high prevalence of significant CVD risk factors such as hypertension, physical inactivity, and being overweight. These findings reinforce the need for interventions addressing the above risk factors to prevent CVD in this population.
Competition for engineering tenure-track faculty positions in the United States
Authors: Roy Siddhartha , Velasco Brenda , Edwards Marc A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
How likely are engineering PhD graduates to get a tenure-track faculty position in the United States? To answer this question, we analyzed aggregated yearly data on PhD graduates and tenure-track/tenured faculty members across all engineering disciplines from 2006 to 2021, obtained from the American Society of Engineering Education. The average likelihood for securing a tenure-track faculty position for engineering overall during this 16-year period was 12.4% (range = 10.9–18.5%), implying that roughly 1 in 8 PhD graduates attain such positions. After a significant decline from 18.5 to 10.9% between 2006 and 2014 (R2 = 0.62; P &lt; 0.05), a trend consistent with a period of rising competition, the outlook has since stabilized between 11.3 and 12% (R2 = 0.04; P &gt; 0.05). Given that most engineering PhD graduates will never secure a tenure-track faculty position, emphasizing alternative career tracks during doctoral training could align expectations better with reality.