bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Lipid Emulsion as Antidote Beyond Local Anesthetic Toxicity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cave Grant , Harvey Martyn 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectives:  The objective was to asses the efficacy of lipid emulsion as antidotal therapy outside the accepted setting of local anesthetic toxicity.Methods:  Literature was accessed through PubMed, OVID (1966–February 2009), and EMBASE (1947–February 2009) using the search terms “intravenous” AND [“fat emulsion” OR “lipid emulsion” OR “Intralipid”] AND [“toxicity” OR “resuscitation” OR “rescue” OR “arrest” OR “antidote”]. Additional author and conference publication searches were undertaken. Publications describing the use of lipid emulsion as antidotal treatment in animals or humans were included.Results:  Fourteen animal studies, one human study, and four case reports were identified. In animal models, intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) has resulted in amelioration of toxicity associated with cyclic antidepressants, verapamil, propranolol, and thiopentone. Administration in human cases has resulted in successful resuscitation from combined bupropion/lamotrigine‐induced cardiac arrest, reversal of sertraline/quetiapine‐induced coma, and amelioration of verapamil‐ and beta blocker–induced shock.Conclusions:  Management of overdose with highly lipophilic cardiotoxic medications should proceed in accord with established antidotal guidelines and early poisons center consultation. Data from animal experiments and human cases are limited, but suggestive that ILE may be helpful in potentially lethal cardiotoxicity or developed cardiac arrest attributable to such agents. Use of lipid emulsion as antidote remains a nascent field warranting further preclinical study and systematic reporting of human cases of use.
Polyphosphate and omptins: novel bacterial procoagulant agents
Authors: Yun Thomas H. , Morrissey James H. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Inorganic polyP in nature
PolyP modulates haemostasis
Bacterial omptins and coagulation

Derangement of the blood clotting system contributes strongly to multiple organ failure in severe sepsis. In this review, we examine two microbial modulators of the clotting system: polyphosphates and omptins. Polyphosphates are linear polymers of inorganic phosphate that are abundant in the acidocalcisomes of prokaryotes and unicellular organisms as well as in the dense granules of human platelets. Polyphosphates modulate haemostasis by: (1) triggering clotting via the contact pathway; (2) accelerating the activation of coagulation factor V (a key cofactor in blood clotting) and (3) causing fibrin to form clots whose fibrils are thicker and more resistant to fibrinolysis. While polyphosphates are found in all prokaryotes, omptins have a more limited distribution among certain Gram‐negative species. Omptins are outer membrane aspartyl proteases which were recently found to proteolytically inactivate tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), the main inhibitor of the initiation phase of blood clotting. Omptin activity against TFPI requires lipopolysaccharide without O‐antigen (rough LPS) such as is found on the surface of Yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague. Interestingly, expression of Pla, the Yersinia pestis omptin, has a demonstrated virulence role in converting plasminogen into the fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin, which would seemingly antagonize any procoagulant effect of TFPI inactivation. However, since the rate of TFPI inactivation is much higher than the rate of plasminogen activation, we suggest that Pla may have a dual function in supporting the bubonic form of plague which is unique to Yersinia pestis.
Increased rhythmicity in hypertensive arterial smooth muscle is linked to transient receptor potential canonical channels
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Yang Dachun , Ma Shuangtao , He Hongbo , Luo Zhidan , Feng Xiaoli , Cao Tingbing , Ma Liqun , Yan Zhencheng , Liu Daoyan , Tepel Martin , Zhu Zhiming 
Published: September 2009

AbstractVasomotion describes oscillations of arterial vascular tone due to synchronized changes of intracellular calcium concentrations. Since increased calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) has been associated with variances of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels, in the present study we tested the hypothesis that increased vasomotion in hypertension is directly linked to increased TRPC expression. Using a small vessel myograph we observed significantly increased norepinephrine‐induced vasomotion in mesenteric arterioles from SHR compared to normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats. Using immunoblottings we obtained significantly increased expression of TRPC1, TRPC3 and TRPC5 in mesenteric arterioles from SHR compared to WKY, whereas TRPC4 and TRPC6 showed no differences. Norepinephrine‐induced vasomotion from SHR was significantly reduced in the presence of verapamil, SKF96365, 2‐aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2‐APB) or gadolinium. Pre‐incubation of mesenteric arterioles with anti‐TRPC1 and anti‐TRPC3 antibodies significantly reduced norepinephrine‐induced vasomotion and calcium influx. Control experiments with pre‐incubation of TRPC antibodies plus their respective antigenic peptide or in the presence of anti‐β‐actin antibodies or random immunoglobulins not related to TRPC channels showed no inhibitory effects of norepinephrine‐induced vasomotion and calcium influx. Administration of candesartan or telmisartan, but not amlodipine to SHR for 16 weeks significantly reduced either the expression of TRPC1, TRPC3 and TRPC5 as well as norepinephrine‐induced vasomotion in mesenteric arterioles. In conclusion we gave experimental evidence that the increased TRPC1, TRPC3 and TRPC5 expression in mesenteric arterioles from SHR causes increased vasomotion in hypertension.
Methods in hair research: how to objectively distinguish between anagen and catagen in human hair follicle organ culture
Authors: Kloepper Jennifer Elisabeth , Sugawara Koji , Al‐Nuaimi Yusur , Gáspár Erzsébet , Van Beek Nina , Paus Ralf 
Published: September 2009

Please cite this paper as: Methods in hair research: how to objectively distinguish between anagen and catagen in human hair follicle organ culture. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 305–312.Abstract:  The organ culture of human scalp hair follicles (HFs) is the best currently available assay for hair research in the human system. In order to determine the hair growth‐modulatory effects of agents in this assay, one critical read‐out parameter is the assessment of whether the test agent has prolonged anagen duration or induced catagen in vitro. However, objective criteria to distinguish between anagen VI HFs and early catagen in human HF organ culture, two hair cycle stages with a deceptively similar morphology, remain to be established. Here, we develop, document and test an objective classification system that allows to distinguish between anagen VI and early catagen in organ‐cultured human HFs, using both qualitative and quantitative parameters that can be generated by light microscopy or immunofluorescence. Seven qualitative classification criteria are defined that are based on assessing the morphology of the hair matrix, the dermal papilla and the distribution of pigmentary markers (melanin, gp100). These are complemented by ten quantitative parameters. We have tested this classification system by employing the clinically used topical hair growth inhibitor, eflornithine, and show that eflornithine indeed produces the expected premature catagen induction, as identified by the novel classification criteria reported here. Therefore, this classification system offers a standardized, objective and reproducible new experimental method to reliably distinguish between human anagen VI and early catagen HFs in organ culture.
Trichobezoars in baboons
Authors: Mejido Diana C.P. , Dick Jr Edward J. , Williams Priscilla C. , Sharp R.M. , Andrade Marcia C.R. , DiCarlo C.D. , Hubbard Gene B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground  There is little information available concerning trichobezoars in the non‐human primate literature.Methods  We evaluated 118 cases of trichobezoar in baboons over a 29‐year period at the Southwest National Primate Research Center.Results  The anatomic locations affected in decreasing order were the stomach, small intestine, cecum, esophagus and colon. The most common clinical history was weight loss. The most frequent associated pathology included gastrointestinal inflammation and ulceration, emaciation, peritonitis, intussusception, pneumonia, and aspiration. Trichobezoars were the cause of death in nine baboons and the reason for euthanasia in 12. Females were 2.14 times more likely than males to be affected. The greater the percentage of group housing time, the more likely the baboon is to develop trichobezoars.Conclusions  The baboon may present a useful model to evaluate the etiology, genetic predisposition, physiopathology, neurobiology, and treatment response of trichobezoars.
Testicular and epididymal appendages in the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Zöller M. , Friderichs‐Gromoll S. , Kaspareit J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground  Vestigial remnants of the mesonephric duct and paramesonephric duct are well‐known developmental abnormalities of the human testis and epididymis.Methods and results  During routine macroscopic and histological examination of four cynomolgus macaques, three different forms of testicular and epididymal appendages were observed, namely a unilateral appendix testis, a bilateral appendix epididymidis, and several vasa aberrantia. By histological and immunohistochemical examinations it could be demonstrated that both the appendix testis and the appendix epididymidis consisted of a central fibromuscular core and a pseudostratified columnar epithelium at the outer surface. The vasa aberrantia were attached to the connective tissue sheaths of the epididymis/testis and were represented by small duct‐like or cystic structures internally lined with a simple cuboidal to columnar, partly ciliated epithelium.Conclusion  Awareness of these rudimental tissues in non‐human primates is necessary to determine actual incidence rates in non‐human primate species used in toxicological research and avoids misdiagnosing during routine necropsy and histological examinations.
Pemphigus vegetans – immunopathological findings in a rare variant of pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Monshi Babak , Marker Michael , Feichtinger Hans , Schmid Grazyna , Kriehuber Ernst , Födinger Dagmar , Rappersberger Klemens 
Published: September 2009

SummaryA patient with painful erosions of the oral cavity and the labia minora developed multifocal blisters in inter‐triginous areas. These blisters eroded and evolved into papillomatous erosive vegetations. Histopathology and immunopathological investigations confirmed the diagnosis of pemphigus vegetans, mediated by IgG autoantibodies. The circulating IgG1 and IgG4 autoantibodies were exclusively directed against desmoglein 3, as shown by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence studies. These IgG1 and IgG4 isotypes were also in vivo bound, as demonstrated with immunoperoxidase staining of perilesional skin. Our clinical, biochemical and immunopathological observations confirm the hypothesis that pemphigus vegetans is a variant of pemphigus vulgaris.
Patterns of species richness and turnover along the pH gradient in deciduous forests: testing the continuum hypothesis
Authors: Peppler‐Lisbach Cord , Kleyer Michael 
Published: September 2009

AbstractQuestion: (i) How do species richness and species turnover change along a pH gradient? (ii) What are possible driving factors behind these patterns? (iii) Can the observed patterns be explained by an individualistic continuum concept that postulates independence of species responses and constant turnover rates?Location: Semi‐natural, deciduous hardwood forests in NW Germany (558 plots).Methods: The instantaneous rate of compositional turnover is measured by the sum of slope angles of modelled response curves (119 understorey species) at any point along the pH gradient. Total turnover rate, positive turnover rate (species increasing in probability of occurrence) and negative turnover rate (species decreasing in probability of occurrence) are calculated separately. Species richness is modelled using Poisson regression and by calculating the sum of predicted probabilities at any gradient point. Turnover rates are compared with those calculated from a null model based on a Gaussian community model. Soil chemical analyses of 49 plots are used to interpret biodiversity patterns.Results: Species richness shows a hump‐shaped relation to pH(CaCl2) with a minor decline at approximately pH>5.0. The decline is possibly due to the confounding influence of water regime and local species pool effects. Increasing richness from pH 2.5 to 4.7 can be traced back to positive turnover exceeding negative turnover. Peaks in turnover rates, dominated by positive turnover, are located at pH 3.7 and 2.8, where turnover rates considerably exceed rates derived from the null model. The turnover pattern can be related to soil chemical conditions, e.g. decreasing base saturation, Al and H+ toxicity and the occurrence of mor.Conclusions: The high turnover rates and the massive imbalance in positive and negative turnover rates found in deciduous forests cannot be explained by the individualistic continuum concept. Physiological constraints at the gradient limits and species pool effects could be responsible for this. Their role should be considered more explicitly in vegetation concepts dealing with the continuum‐discontinuum controversy. The presented approach can be regarded as a comprehensive analytical tool for a better understanding of biodiversity patterns along environmental gradients by linking species richness, turnover and response curve types.
Impact of Social Advocacy on Updating Incapacity Determination Procedures for People With Intellectual Disabilities in Poland
Authors: Firkowska‐Mankiewicz Anna , Szeroczyńska Małgorzata 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe authors discuss the antecedents to recent changes in Poland's guardianship laws. These include a review of: (1) historical procedures in place for adjudicating incapacity; (2) research carried out in 2000 on the initiative of the Polish Association for Persons with Mental Handicap (PAPMH) on judicial practices in Polish courts with respect to adjudicating persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) as legally incapable; and (3) a successful lobbying campaign conducted by the PAPMH to institute changes in the law. The research involved a review by law students of 393 cases of capacity adjudications conducted between 1998 and 2000 in six district courts in various parts of Poland. The review revealed extensive irregularities in judicial practice, including that: (1) decisions about legal incapacity were based only on opinions given by psychiatrists without accompanying psychological assessments; (2) almost in all cases “total legal incapacity” was declared, often without considering the intellectual and social functioning of the person; (3) the procedural rights of persons with ID were often violated, especially as they were absent during the hearings; and (4) adjudication of “total incapacity” was treated as permanent, with poor judicial control over guardians and imposition of barriers for the “incapable person” to appeal the process to change or remove guardianship. Following the review, the results were used by the PAPMH to initiate a political lobbying campaign to have the legal basis for the process changed. Upon the instigation of the Polish Ombudsman, the Ministry of Justice initiated further investigations to validate the PAPMH's findings. Following validation, the PAPMH filed two legal challenges before the Constitutional Tribunal, which then found two government regulations concerning the legal incapacity procedure and practice unconstitutional. In 2007, the verdicts of the Tribunal were followed by legislative changes in the Polish Code of Civil Procedure dealing with the judicial process for declaring legal incapacity and contemporizing guardianship procedures.
Psychosocial Factors Affecting Adults With Intellectual Disabilities With Psychiatric Disorders in Cali, Colombia
Authors: Verdugo Miguel Ángel , Córdoba Leonor , Restrepo Angélica Maria , Cardona Julian , Peña Pilar 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIncreases in life expectancy have heightened concerns for people with intellectual disability (ID) who are growing old and who have be designated as “dually diagnosed”—that is, who have, apart from their ID, a psychiatric disorder, and who because of this conjoint condition, are subjected to social exclusion due to three factors: old age, cognitive limitation, and mental illness. The objective of this study was to describe the psychosocial factors associated with the comorbidity between ID and psychiatric disorder of adults in the city of Cali, Colombia. Subjects were 50 dyads consisting of a carer and a person with ID. The Caregivers Questionnaire and the Integral Quality of Life Scale were adapted for use in the study. The analysis of information was based on three factors: person, family, and society. In the case of the personal factor, an adequate level of physical well‐being and a good level of self‐care were found in more than 60% of the adults with dual diagnosis, good adherence to treatment in 82%, and medium satisfaction in the individual‐context relationship in 54%. With regard to the family factor, a high level of satisfaction of needs (84%) was found. Good family functioning was observed in 86%, while family participation in rehabilitation was reported to be between moderate and deficient in 60% of the cases. With respect to the social factor, cases of support between moderate and deficient were found in 68%, and a regular inclusion was observed in 48%. The authors conclude that the family functioning aspect appeared as the major protective factor, while the inclusion and social support were shown as the main risk factors.
Care and Service Trajectories for People With Intellectual Disabilities: Defining Its Course and Quality Determinants From the Client's Perspective
Authors: Barelds Anna , Van De Goor Ien , Bos Maria , Van Heck Guus , Schols Jos 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCare and service trajectories are identifiable routes through service systems that consist of all steps that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and their families have to take to realize the care and services they need. Trajectories are especially prominent during the transitions from children's services to adult services. Within a service system in Noord‐Brabant (in the Netherlands), the authors examined the course of such trajectories and their main bottlenecks and sought to identify their quality determinants. The first research question was addressed by an exercise in document analysis and the holding of semistructured interviews with key informants within the healthcare sector specialized for serving people with ID. A second research question was addressed by means of a literature review on integrated care. The authors observe that trajectories generally follow a “model route” consisting of five phases but may vary according to age category, degree of disability, and life domain. With respect to “bottlenecks,” the authors noted that a lack of suitable supply and long waiting lists are good examples. They found that the literature on integrated care revealed that continuity, accessibility, availability, and flexibility of care and services, together with the seamlessness of transitions, are all important quality determinants for people with ID when judging their service trajectories. Bottlenecks and quality determinants of trajectories are strongly interrelated. The authors concluded that the literature and the key informants agree as to which factors are most important in realizing high‐quality trajectories for individual clients. They recommend asking which criteria people with ID and their families value most when judging the quality of trajectories.
Quality of Life of Australian Family Carers: Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice
Authors: Burton‐Smith Rosanne , McVilly Keith R. , Yazbeck Marie , Parmenter Trevor R. , Tsutsui Takako 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAs part of an international, multicentered project, the burden of care, health, and subjective well‐being experienced by select Australian family carers supporting a relative with disability at home were investigated. Some 448 family carers residing in New South Wales and Tasmania completed a battery of instruments, including a self‐report demographic survey, the Family Caregiver Burden Inventory, the General Health Questionnaire, and the Personal Wellbeing Index. Respondents were predominantly females (mean age = 48 years), married, and supporting a son or daughter with an intellectual disability (mean age = 18 years). Although caring for their family member was not perceived to be a burden, respondents reported notable limitations on their social networks and social activities. They reported higher levels of unemployment than would be expected for the general population and were over represented in lower income groups. They reported seriously low levels of mental health and personal well‐being when compared with the general population. The findings revealed that this group of family carers were at high risk of social and economic disadvantage and at high risk of mental health challenges. Social policy makers and service providers should take these factors into account, both in the interests of promoting the health and well‐being of the carers and considering the long‐term needs of family members with disability who rely on family carers for daily support when designing services.