bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consolidation of the Oxidant‐Free Au(I)/Au(III) Catalysis Enabled by the Hemilabile Ligand Strategy
Authors: Font Pau , Valdés Hugo , Ribas Xavi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this minireview we survey the challenges and strategies in gold redox catalysis. Gold's reluctance to oxidative addition reactions due to its high redox potential limits its applicability. Initial attempts to overcome this problem focused on the use of sacrificial external oxidants in stoichiometric amounts to bring Au(I) compounds to Au(III) reactive species. Recently, innovative approaches focused on employing hemilabile ligands, which are capable of coordinating to Au(I) and stabilizing square‐planar Au(III) intermediates, thus facilitating oxidative addition steps and enabling oxidant‐free catalysis. Notable examples include the use of the (P^N) bidendate MeDalphos ligand to achieve various cross‐coupling reactions via oxidative addition Au(I)/Au(III). Importantly, hemilabile ligand‐enabled catalysis allows merging oxidative addition with π‐activation, such as oxy‐ and aminoarylation of alkenols and alkenamines using organohalides, expanding gold‘s versatility in C−C and C‐heteroatom bond formations and unprecedented cyclizations. Moreover, recent advancements in enantioselective catalysis using chiral hemilabile (P^N) ligands are also surveyed. Strikingly, versatile bidentate (C^N) hemilabile ligands as competitors of MeDalphos have appeared recently, by designing scaffolds where phosphine groups are substituted by N‐heterocyclic or mesoionic carbenes. Overall, these approaches highlight the evolving landscape of gold redox catalysis and its tremendous potential in a broad scope of transformations.
Investigation of liquid crystal epoxy resin composites for application in cryogenic environments
Authors: Li Na , Ma Jun‐Li , Liu Yu , Huang Gui‐Wen , Qu Cheng‐Bing , Li Meng , Xiao Hong‐Mei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt is well accepted that the intrinsic thermal conductivity is extremely important in achieving excellent thermal conductivity composite and can be improved via incorporation of mesogens. In this work, an azomethine type liquid crystal epoxy (LCE) with aliphatic ether was designed and synthesized with expected structure, and the liquid crystal epoxy resin (LCER), together with KH‐550‐modified boron nitride (K‐BN)/LCER composites, has been obtained. Results show an increase of 31.6% in the thermal conductivity of the matrix, which could result in an enhancement of 57.7% for the composites when compared with E‐51. Additionally, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), dielectric properties, and shear strength of LCER and K‐BN/LCER composites were assessed across a broad temperature range. Remarkably, the 30 wt% K‐BN/LCER composites showed a maximum decrease of 37.8% in CTE, while maintaining adequate shear strength to fulfill the bonding requirement and high thermal conductivity at both RT and −196°C.
A dual amplified gold nanoparticle‐based biosensor for ultrasensitive and selective detection of fibrin
Authors: Gong Wenyue , Zhang Yuanfu , Chen Yawei , Zhao Xue , Wang Shuhao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUltrasensitive, selective, and non‐invasive detection of fibrin in human serum is critical for disease diagnosis. So far, the development of high‐performance and ultrasensitive biosensors maintains core challenges for biosensing. Herein, we designed a novel ribbon nanoprobe for ultrasensitive detection of fibrin. The probe contains gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that can not only link with homing peptide Cys‐Arg‐Glu‐Lys‐Ala (CREKA) to recognize fibrin but also carry long DNA belts to form G‐quadruplex‐based DNAzyme, catalyzing the chemiluminescence of luminol–hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reaction. Combined with the second amplification procedure of rolling circle amplification (RCA), the assay exhibits excellent sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.04 fmol L−1 fibrin based on the 3‐sigma. Furthermore, the biosensor shows high specificity on fibrin in samples because the structure of antibody‐fibrin‐homing peptide was employed to double recognize fibrin. Altogether, the simple and inexpensive approach may present a great potential for reliable detection of biomarkers.
Smartphone app for lifestyle improvement improves brain health and boosts the vitality and cognitive function of healthy middle‐aged adults
Authors: Kokubun Keisuke , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Yamakawa Yoshinori 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe number of smartphone apps for brain training is increasing, and the number of people who are working on brain training is also increasing. However, researchers disagree about the effectiveness of brain training.MethodsTherefore, in this study, we conducted an intervention test with the participation of 70 healthy middle‐aged men and women and measured the effect of smartphone apps on lifestyle improvement using brain healthcare quotient calculated from brain imaging data.ResultsAs a result, in the intervention group, significant improvements were seen in fractional anisotropy (FA) of the whole brain, corpus callosum, internal capsule, corona radiata, posterior thalamic radiation, external capsule, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Additionally, in the intervention group, these FA increments correlated with improvements in cognitive function as measured by the trail‐making test and vigor as measured by the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that improving lifestyle habits through smartphone apps can improve brain health and cognitive and emotional performance of healthy middle‐aged adults. This is consistent with previous research that suggests that FA integrity in the limbic‐thalamo‐cortical pathway influences cognitive function and emotion regulation.
Case report—Depression with psychotic features as an atypical presentation of neurosyphilis
Authors: Aytulun Aykut , Grannemann Laura Sophie , MacKenzie Colin R. , Dimitrakopoulos Alexandros , Pessanha‐Schlegel Francesca , Kamp Daniel , Schilbach Leonhard 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageRecurrent depression with psychotic features is an atypical presentation of neurosyphilis. This case emphasizes the polymorphic clinical presentation of neurosyphilis and how it mimics affective disorders with psychotic symptoms.
Molecular regulation of calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR)‐mediated signaling
Authors: Tian Li , Andrews Corey , Yan Qiuyun , Yang Jenny J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCalcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR), a family C G‐protein‐coupled receptor, plays a crucial role in regulating calcium homeostasis by sensing small concentration changes of extracellular Ca2+, Mg2+, amino acids (e.g., L‐Trp and L‐Phe), small peptides, anions (e.g., HCO3− and PO43−), and pH. CaSR‐mediated intracellular Ca2+ signaling regulates a diverse set of cellular processes including gene transcription, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, muscle contraction, and neuronal transmission. Dysfunction of CaSR with mutations results in diseases such as autosomal dominant hypocalcemia, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism. CaSR also influences calciotropic disorders, such as osteoporosis, and noncalciotropic disorders, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. This study first reviews recent advances in biochemical and structural determination of the framework of CaSR and its interaction sites with natural ligands, as well as exogenous positive allosteric modulators and negative allosteric modulators. The establishment of the first CaSR protein–protein interactome network revealed 94 novel players involved in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, trafficking, cell surface expression, endocytosis, degradation, and signaling pathways. The roles of these proteins in Ca2+‐dependent cellular physiological processes and in CaSR‐dependent cellular signaling provide new insights into the molecular basis of diseases caused by CaSR mutations and dysregulated CaSR activity caused by its protein interactors and facilitate the design of therapeutic agents that target CaSR and other family C G‐protein‐coupled receptors.
Unveiling blood pressure‐associated genes in aortic cells through integrative analysis of GWAS and RNA modification‐associated variants
Authors: Zhang Huan , Chen Yuxi , Xu Peng , Liu Dan , Wu Naqiong , Wang Laiyuan , Mo Xingbo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than a thousand loci for blood pressure (BP). Functional genes in these loci are cell‐type specific. The aim of this study was to elucidate potentially functional genes associated with BP in the aorta through the utilization of RNA modification‐associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (RNAm‐SNPs).MethodsUtilizing large‐scale genetic data of 757,601 individuals from the UK Biobank and International Consortium of Blood Pressure consortium, we identified associations between RNAm‐SNPs and BP. The association between RNAm‐SNPs, gene expression, and BP were examined.ResultsA total of 355 RNAm‐SNPs related to m6A, m1A, m5C, m7G, and A‐to‐I modification were associated with BP. The related genes were enriched in the pancreatic secretion pathway and renin secretion pathway. The BP GWAS signals were significantly enriched with m6A‐SNPs, highlighting the potential functional relevance of m6A in physiological processes influencing BP. Notably, m6A‐SNPs in CYP11B1, PDE3B, HDAC7, ACE, SLC4A7, PDE1A, FRK, MTHFR, NPPA, CACNA1D, and HDAC9 were identified. Differential methylation and differential expression of the BP genes in FTO‐overexpression and METTL14‐knockdown vascular smooth muscle cells were detected. RNAm‐SNPs were associated with ascending and descending aorta diameter and the genes showed differential methylation between aortic dissection (AD) cases and controls. In scRNA‐seq study, we identified ARID5A, HLA‐DPB1, HLA‐DRA, IRF1, LINC01091, MCL1, MLF1, MLXIPL, NAA16, NADK, RERG, SRM, and USP53 as differential expression genes for AD in aortic cells.ConclusionThe present study identified RNAm‐SNPs in BP loci and elucidated the associations between the RNAm‐SNPs, gene expression, and BP. The identified BP‐associated genes in aortic cells were associated with AD.
Transforming Cigarette Wastes into Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst: Does Each Component Behave Differently? An Experimental Evaluation
Authors: Zuccante Giovanni , Muhyuddin Mohsin , Ficca Valerio C. A. , Placidi Ernesto , Acciarri Maurizio , Lamanna Niccolò , Franzetti Andrea , Zoia Luca , Bellini Marco , Berretti Enrico , Lavacchi Alessandro , Santoro Carlo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTrillion of cigarette butts are annually littered without being recycled. This work aims at valorizing the whole cigarette butts and their components (paper, filter and tobacco) into Fe‐Nx‐C electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acid and alkaline media. The pristine wastes were pyrolyzed at 450 °C, activated with KOH at 700 °C, blended with iron phthalocyanine (FePc) precursor, and heat‐treated at 600 °C to produce a robust Fe‐Nx‐C material with ORR active units. The effect of the cigarette components on the final electrocatalytic activity was evaluated by thoroughly investigating the surface chemistry with XPS. The electrocatalysts displayed similar results among the different components in both media due to comparable surface chemistry, especially concerning the nitrogen functional groups. The highest performance was obtained in alkaline where the electrocatalysts from whole cigarettes and paper (CIGF_450 and CIGPF_450) showed an E1/2 of 0.89 V vs RHE, slightly larger than that of Pt/C with 40 wt % of Pt, which encouraged to replace Pt‐based electrocatalysts in alkaline fuel cells.
The effects of public health and social measures (PHSM) implemented during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Fadlallah Racha , El‐Jardali Fadi , Karroum Lama Bou , Kalach Nour , Hoteit Reem , Aoun Andrew , Al‐Hakim Lara , Verdugo‐Paiva Francisca , Rada Gabriel , Fretheim Atle , Lewin Simon , Ludolph Ramona , Akl Elie A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo systematically review the effectiveness and unintended health and socioeconomic consequences of public health and social measures (PHSM) aimed at reducing the scale and risk of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).MethodsThis review followed guidance about overviews of reviews in the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions and used the Epistemonikos database's COVID‐19 Living Overview of Evidence repository as a primary search source. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) checklist.ResultsA total of 94 reviews were included, of which eight (9%) had “moderate” to “high” confidence ratings on the AMSTAR 2. Of 16 reviews (17%) reporting applying the GRADE framework, none found high certainty evidence for any of our outcomes of interest. Across the 94 reviews, the most frequently examined PHSM were personal protection (n = 18, 19%). Within multicomponent interventions, so‐called “lockdown” was the most frequently examined component (n = 39, 41%). The most frequently reported outcome category was non‐COVID‐19‐related health outcomes (n = 58, 62%). Only five (5%) reviews reported on socioeconomic outcomes. Findings from the eight reviews with moderate or high confidence ratings on AMSTAR 2 are narratively summarized. There is low‐certainty evidence that multicomponent interventions may reduce the transmission of COVID‐19 in different settings. For active surveillance and response measures, low‐certainty evidence suggests that routine testing of residents and staff in long‐term care facilities may reduce the number of infections, hospitalizations, and deaths among residents. We found very low‐certainty evidence about the effectiveness of personal protection measures, travel‐related control measures, and environmental measures. Unintended consequences were rarely examined by those eight reviews.ConclusionWe found predominantly low‐ to very low‐certainty evidence regarding the effectiveness and unintended consequences of PHSM in controlling the risk and scale of COVID‐19 transmission. There is a need to improve the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews.
Multifunctional Amino Acid Derivative Coordination Compounds: Novel Contrast Agent and Luminescence Materials
Authors: Echenique‐Errandonea Estitxu , Rojas Sara , Ortuño Ana M. , Cepeda Javier , Ramos‐Cabrer Pedro , Vitórica‐Yrezábal Íñigo J. , Cuerva Juan M. , Seco José M. , Rodríguez‐Diéguez Antonio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work a family of multidimensional (2‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)ethyl) amino acid coordination compounds have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized. For this purpose, glycine, valine, phenylalanine and tyrosine have been selected as starting amino acids and Mn2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ as metallic nodes. From one side, for Mn2+ based dimer magnetic resonance imaging studies have been conducted, prompted by the number and disposition of the coordinated water molecules and taking into consideration the promising future of manganese‐based coordination compounds as bio‐compatible substitutes to conventional Gd based contrast agents. From another side, d10 block metal‐based complexes allowed exploring photoluminescence properties derived by in situ synthesized ligands. Finally, amino acid preserved structural chirality allowed us to examine chiroptical properties, particularly focusing on circularly polarized luminescence.
Gut‐lung axis and asthma: A historical review on mechanism and future perspective
Authors: Song Xiu‐Ling , Liang Juan , Lin Shao‐Zhu , Xie Yu‐Wei , Ke Chuang‐Hong , Ao Dang , Lu Jun , Chen Xue‐Mei , He Ying‐Zhi , Liu Xiao‐Hua , Li Wen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundGut microbiota are closely related to the development and regulation of the host immune system by regulating the maturation of immune cells and the resistance to pathogens, which affects the host immunity. Early use of antibiotics disrupts the homeostasis of gut microbiota and increases the risk of asthma. Gut microbiota actively interact with the host immune system via the gut‐lung axis, a bidirectional communication pathway between the gut and lung. The manipulation of gut microbiota through probiotics, helminth therapy, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to combat asthma has become a hot research topic.BodyThis review mainly describes the current immune pathogenesis of asthma, gut microbiota and the role of the gut‐lung axis in asthma. Moreover, the potential of manipulating the gut microbiota and its metabolites as a treatment strategy for asthma has been discussed.ConclusionThe gut‐lung axis has a bidirectional effect on asthma. Gut microecology imbalance contributes to asthma through bacterial structural components and metabolites. Asthma, in turn, can also cause intestinal damage through inflammation throughout the body. The manipulation of gut microbiota through probiotics, helminth therapy, and FMT can inform the treatment strategies for asthma by regulating the maturation of immune cells and the resistance to pathogens.
N‐Pyrazolyl‐ and N‐Triazolylamines and ‐Ureas as Antileishmanial and Antitrypanosomal Drugs
Authors: Winge Tobias , Imberg Lukas , Perry Ben , Matheeussen An , Caljon Guy , Kalinin Dmitrii , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThree types of modifications of antileishmanial pyrazole lead compounds 7 and 8 were conducted to expand understanding of the relationships between structural features and antileishmanial/antitrypanosomal activity: (1) the pyrazole core was retained or replaced by a 1,2,4‐triazole ring; (2) various aryl moieties including 2‐fluorophenyl, pyridin‐3‐yl and pyrazin‐2‐yl rings were attached at 3‐position of the core azole; (3) either arylmethylamino or ureido substituents were introduced at 5‐position of the azole core. The synthesis followed established routes starting with esters 9 or 15 and anhydride 21. The synthesized 3‐arylpyrazoles and 3‐aryl‐1,2,4‐triazoles had only very low antileishmanial activity. The 2‐fluorophenyl‐substituted pyrazole 18c revealed the highest antileishmanial activity of this series of compounds, but its IC50 value (20 μM) still indicates low activity. However, low micromolar antitrypanosomal activity was detected for the pyridin‐3‐yl‐substituted pyrazoles 12b (IC50=4.7 μM) and 14a (IC50=2.1 μM). Their IC50 values are comparable with the IC50 values of the reference compounds benznidazole and nifurtimox. Whereas only low unspecific cytotoxicity at the primary peritoneal mouse macrophages (PMM) was detected, considerable cytotoxicity at MRC‐5 human fibroblast cells was found for both pyrazoles 12b an 14a. The activity of pyrazole 12b against T. cruzi is 4‐fold higher than its unspecific MRC‐5 cytotoxicity.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis: NACHO update on progress, chaos, and opportunity on the path to rational cures
Authors: Bielamowicz Kevin , Dimitrion Peter , Abla Oussama , Bomken Simon , Campbell Patrick , Collin Matthew , Degar Barbara , Diamond Eli L. , Eckstein Olive S. , El‐Mallawany Nader , Fluchel Mark , Goyal Gaurav , Henry Michael M. , Hermiston Michelle , Hogarty Michael , Jeng Michael , Jubran Rima , Lubega Joseph , Kumar Ashish , Ladisch Stephan , McClain Kenneth L. , Merad Miriam , Mi Qing‐Sheng , Parsons D. Williams , Peckham‐Gregory Erin , Picarsic Jennifer , Prudowsky Zachary D. , Rollins Barrett J. , Shaw Peter H. , Wistinghausen Birte , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Allen Carl E. ,   North American Consortium for Histiocytosis
Published: April 2024

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a myeloid neoplastic disorder characterized by lesions with CD1a‐positive/Langerin (CD207)‐positive histiocytes and inflammatory infiltrate that can cause local tissue damage and systemic inflammation. Clinical presentations range from single lesions with minimal impact to life‐threatening disseminated disease. Therapy for systemic LCH has been established through serial trials empirically testing different chemotherapy agents and durations of therapy. However, fewer than 50% of patients who have disseminated disease are cured with the current standard‐of‐care vinblastine/prednisone/(mercaptopurine), and treatment failure is associated with long‐term morbidity, including the risk of LCH‐associated neurodegeneration. Historically, the nature of LCH—whether a reactive condition versus a neoplastic/malignant condition—was uncertain. Over the past 15 years, seminal discoveries have broadly defined LCH pathogenesis; specifically, activating mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway mutations (most frequently, BRAFV600E) in myeloid precursors drive lesion formation. LCH therefore is a clonal neoplastic disorder, although secondary inflammatory features contribute to the disease. These paradigm‐changing insights offer a promise of rational cures for patients based on individual mutations, clonal reservoirs, and extent of disease. However, the pace of clinical trial development behind lags the kinetics of translational discovery. In this review, the authors discuss the current understanding of LCH biology, clinical characteristics, therapeutic strategies, and opportunities to improve outcomes for every patient through coordinated agent prioritization and clinical trial efforts.
Insights into Carbon Dioxide Capture over Glycine‐Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework‐808 from DFT Calculations
Authors: Wansa Chomphunuch , Sittiwong Jarinya , Srifa Pemikar , Maihom Thana , Limtrakul Jumras 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetal‐organic framework‐808 (MOF‐808), functionalized with amino acids, is a promising class of materials for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. In this study, we employed density functional theory calculations to investigate the mechanism of CO2 capture by glycine‐functionalized MOF‐808 (MOF‐808‐Gly). MOF‐808 was treated with one, two, three, or four glycine molecules to investigate the effect of glycine functionalization. It is proposed that the capture reaction proceeds in a single step involving proton transfer and C−N bond formation. With increasing glycine loading, the reaction barriers decreased, whereas the observed rate increased. When considering the substitution of different tetravalent metal centers (Zr and Hf) on the MOF‐808 node, it is found that substituting these tetravalent metal centers does not affect the capture activity. The capture reaction under humid conditions was also studied by introducing explicit and implicit amounts of water. The presence of a water molecule led to reduced barriers and more stable capture product formation, indicating the enhanced performance of MOF‐808‐Gly in CO2 capture.
Pearcey universality at cusps of polygonal lozenge tilings
Authors: Huang Jiaoyang , Yang Fan , Zhang Lingfu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe study uniformly random lozenge tilings of general simply connected polygons. Under a technical assumption that is presumably generic with respect to polygon shapes, we show that the local statistics around a cusp point of the arctic curve converge to the Pearcey process. This verifies the widely predicted universality of edge statistics in the cusp case. Together with the smooth and tangent cases proved by Aggarwal‐Huang and Aggarwal‐Gorin, these are believed to be the three types of edge statistics that can arise in a generic polygon. Our proof is via a local coupling of the random tiling with nonintersecting Bernoulli random walks (NBRW). To leverage this coupling, we establish an optimal concentration estimate for the tiling height function around the cusp. As another step and also a result of potential independent interest, we show that the local statistics of NBRW around a cusp converge to the Pearcey process when the initial configuration consists of two parts with proper density growth, via careful asymptotic analysis of the determinantal formulas.