bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrocnemius muscle herniation as a rare differential diagnosis of ankle sprain: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Bergmann Greta , Ciritsis Bernhard D , Wanner Guido A , Simmen Hans-Peter , Werner Clément ML , Osterhoff Georg 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundMuscle herniation of the leg is a rare clinical entity. Yet, knowing this condition is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. In the extremities, muscle herniation most commonly occurs as a result of an acquired fascial defect, often due to trauma. Different treatment options for symptomatic extremity muscle herniation in the extremities, including conservative treatment, fasciotomy and mesh repair have been described.Case presentationWe present the case of a patient who presented with prolonged symptoms after an ankle sprain. The clinical picture showed a fascial insufficiency with muscle bulging under tension. Ultrasound and MRI imaging confirmed the diagnosis of muscle hernia of the medial gastrocnemius on the right leg. Conservative treatment did not lead to success. Therefore, the fascial defect was treated surgically by repairing the muscle herniation using a synthetic vicryl propylene patch.ConclusionsMuscle hernias should be taken into consideration as a rare differential diagnosis whenever patients present with persisting pain or soft tissue swelling after ankle sprain. Diagnosis is mainly based on clinical aspect and physical examination, but can be confirmed by radiologic imaging techniques, including (dynamic) ultrasound and MRI. If conservative treatment fails, we recommend the closure with mesh patches for large fascial defects.
Effect of pregnancy on serum cytokines in SLE patients
Authors: Doria Andrea , Cutolo Maurizio , Ghirardello Anna , Zen Margherita , Villalta Danilo , Tincani Angela , Punzi Leonardo , Iaccarino Luca , Petri Michelle 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate an extensive panel of cytokines involved in immune regulation during pregnancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in healthy women.

Methods
A total of 47 consecutive successful pregnancies in 46 SLE patients and 56 pregnancies in 56 matched healthy subjects, as controls, were prospectively studied. Serum interleukin (IL)-1-α, IL-1-β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, interferon (INF)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected in sera obtained at the first and third trimester of pregnancy by a highly sensitive, multiplexed sandwich ELISA.

Results
Medians (pg/ml) of serum levels of most helper T (Th)1-type cytokines were significantly lower in the third trimester compared with those observed in the first trimester of pregnancy in healthy women: INF-γ 2.0 vs 3.4, TNF-α 10.2 vs 11.5, IL-1-α 0.9 vs 1.1, IL-1-β 0.6 vs 1.0, IL-2 3.0 vs 3.5, and IL-12p70 4.9 vs 5.6 (P-values < 0.02 for all). By contrast, only the IL-1-α serum levels were lower in the third trimester compared with the first trimester in SLE patients (P = 0.006). IFN-γ/IL-6 and IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios were higher in controls than in SLE (P = 0.002, and P = 0.001, respectively); moreover, they were significantly reduced in the third compared to the first trimester of pregnancy in healthy women, but not in SLE.

Conclusions
In SLE patients, Th1/Th2 cytokine serum level ratio does not decrease during pregnancy progression as much as in healthy pregnant women. This could account for the observation of a low frequency of disease flares in the third trimester of gestation.
Proteomic analysis of acquired tamoxifen resistance in MCF-7 cells reveals expression signatures associated with enhanced migration
Authors: Zhou Changhua , Zhong Qiu , Rhodes Lyndsay V , Townley Ian , Bratton Melyssa R , Zhang Qiang , Martin Elizabeth C , Elliott Steven , Collins-Burow Bridgette M , Burow Matthew E , Wang Guangdi 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Acquired tamoxifen resistance involves complex signaling events that are not yet fully understood. Successful therapeutic intervention to delay the onset of hormone resistance depends critically on mechanistic elucidation of viable molecular targets associated with hormone resistance. This study was undertaken to investigate the global proteomic alterations in a tamoxifen resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cell line obtained by long term treatment of the wild type MCF-7 cell line with 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OH Tam).

Methods
We cultured MCF-7 cells with 4-OH Tam over a period of 12 months to obtain the resistant cell line. A gel-free, quantitative proteomic method was used to identify and quantify the proteome of the resistant cell line. Nano-flow high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry was used to analyze fractionated peptide mixtures that were isobarically labeled from the resistant and control cell lysates. Real time quantitative PCR and Western blots were used to verify selected proteomic changes. Lentiviral vector transduction was used to generate MCF-7 cells stably expressing S100P. Online pathway analysis was performed to assess proteomic signatures in tamoxifen resistance. Survival analysis was done to evaluate clinical relevance of altered proteomic expressions.

Results
Quantitative proteomic analysis revealed a wide breadth of signaling events during transition to acquired tamoxifen resistance. A total of 629 proteins were found significantly changed with 364 up-regulated and 265 down-regulated. Collectively, these changes demonstrated the suppressed state of estrogen receptor (ER) and ER-regulated genes, activated survival signaling and increased migratory capacity of the resistant cell line. The protein S100P was found to play a critical role in conferring tamoxifen resistance and enhanced cell motility.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that the adaptive changes in the proteome of tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells are characterized by down-regulated ER signaling, activation of alternative survival pathways, and enhanced cell motility through regulation of the actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Evidence also emerged that S100P mediates acquired tamoxifen resistance and migration capacity.
Risk factors for the development of acute lung injury in patients with infectious pneumonia
Authors: Kojicic Marija , Li Guangxi , Hanson Andrew C , Lee Kun-Moo , Thakur Lokendra , Vedre Jayanth , Ahmed Adil , Baddour Larry M , Ryu Jay H , Gajic Ognjen 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Although pneumonia has been identified as the single most common risk factor for acute lung injury (ALI), we have a limited knowledge as to why ALI develops in some patients with pneumonia and not in others. The objective of this study was to determine frequency, risk factors, and outcome of ALI in patients with infectious pneumonia.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of adult patients with microbiologically positive pneumonia, hospitalized at two Mayo Clinic Rochester hospitals between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2007. In a subsequent nested case-control analysis, we evaluated the differences in prehospital and intrahospital exposures between patients with and without ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) matched by specific pathogen, isolation site, gender, and closest age in a 1:1 manner.

Results
The s tudy included 596 patients; 365 (61.2%) were men. The median age was 65 (IQR, 53 to 75) years. In total, 171 patients (28.7%) were diagnosed with ALI. The occurrence of ALI was less frequent in bacterial (n = 99 of 412, 24%) compared with viral (n = 19 of 55, 35%), fungal (n = 39 of 95, 41%), and mixed isolates pneumonias (n = 14 of 34, 41%; P = 0.002). After adjusting for baseline severity of illness and comorbidities, patients in whom ALI developed had a markedly increased risk of hospital death (ORadj 9.7; 95% CI, 6.0 to 15.9). In a nested case-control study, presence of shock (OR, 8.9; 95% CI, 2.8 to 45.9), inappropriate initial antimicrobial treatment (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3 to 8.5), and transfusions (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.5 to 19.6) independently predicted ALI development.

Conclusions
The development of ALI among patients hospitalized with infectious pneumonia varied among pulmonary pathogens and was associated with increased mortality. Inappropriate initial antimicrobial treatment and transfusion predict the development of ALI independent of pathogen.
Pivotal Advance: Arginase-1-independent polyamine production stimulates the expression of IL-4-induced alternatively activated macrophage markers while inhibiting LPS-induced expression of inflammatory genes
Authors: Van den Bossche Jan , Lamers Wouter H , Koehler Eleonore S , Geuns Jan M C , Alhonen Leena , Uimari Anne , Pirnes-Karhu Sini , Van Overmeire Eva , Morias Yannick , Brys Lea , Vereecke Lars , De Baetselier Patrick , Van Ginderachter Jo A 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT
In macrophages, basal polyamine (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) levels are relatively low but are increased upon IL-4 stimulation. This Th2 cytokine induces Arg1 activity, which converts arginine into ornithine, and ornithine can be decarboxylated by ODC to produce putrescine, which is further converted into spermidine and spermine. Recently, we proposed polyamines as novel agents in IL-4-dependent E-cadherin regulation in AAMs. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that several, but not all, AAM markers depend on polyamines for their IL-4-induced gene and protein expression and that polyamine dependency of genes relies on the macrophage type. Remarkably, Arg1-deficient macrophages display rather enhanced IL-4-induced polyamine production, suggesting that an Arg1-independent polyamine synthesis pathway may operate in macrophages. On the other side of the macrophage activation spectrum, LPS-induced expression of several proinflammatory genes was increased significantly in polyamine-depleted CAMs. Overall, we propose Arg1 independently produced polyamines as novel regulators of the inflammatory status of the macrophage. Indeed, whereas polyamines are needed for IL-4-induced expression of several AAM mediators, they inhibit the LPS-mediated expression of proinflammatory genes in CAMs.
IL-17 and IFN-γ expression in lymphocytes from patients with active tuberculosis correlates with the severity of the disease
Authors: Jurado Javier O , Pasquinelli Virginia , Alvarez Ivana B , Peña Delfina , Rovetta Ana I , Tateosian Nancy L , Romeo Horacio E , Musella Rosa M , Palmero Domingo , Chuluyán H Eduardo , García Verónica E 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTTh1 lymphocytes are crucial in the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nevertheless, IFN-γ alone is not sufficient in the complete eradication of the bacteria, suggesting that other cytokines might be required for pathogen removal. Th17 cells have been associated with M. tuberculosis infection, but the role of IL-17-producing cells in human TB remains to be understood. Therefore, we investigated the induction and regulation of IFN-γ and IL-17 during the active disease. TB patients were classified as High and Low Responder individuals according to their T cell responses against the antigen, and cytokine expression upon M. tuberculosis stimulation was investigated in peripheral blood and pleural fluid. Afterwards, the potential correlation among the proportions of cytokine-producing cells and clinical parameters was analyzed. In TB patients, M. tuberculosis induced IFN-γ and IL-17, but in comparison with BCG-vaccinated healthy donors, IFN-γ results were reduced significantly, and IL-17 was markedly augmented. Moreover, the main source of IL-17 was represented by CD4+IFN-γ+IL-17+ lymphocytes, a Th1/Th17 subset regulated by IFN-γ. Interestingly, the ratio of antigen-expanded CD4+IFN-γ+IL-17+ lymphocytes, in peripheral blood and pleural fluid from TB patients, was correlated directly with clinical parameters associated with disease severity. Indeed, the highest proportion of CD4+IFN-γ+IL-17+ cells was detected in Low Responder TB patients, individuals displaying severe pulmonary lesions, and longest length of disease evolution. Taken together, the present findings suggest that analysis of the expansion of CD4+IFN-γ+IL-17+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of TB patients might be used as an indicator of the clinical outcome in active TB.
Geführte akustische Wellen zur Flüssigkeitscharakterisierung
Authors: Rautenberg Jens , Bause Fabian , Henning Bernd 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Das Spektrum akustischer Wellenleiter zur Flüssigkeitscharakterisierung reicht von der Seismologie und Geophysik mit Wellenleiterdimensionen von einigen km bis hin zur Prozessmesstechnik mit Sensordimensionen von wenigen mm. In diesem Beitrag wird ein phänomenologischer Weg zur Klassifizierung der Wellenleiter entwickelt, wobei stets die Oberflächenauslenkungen an der Wellenleitergrenze und die Anzahl der an der Wellenausbreitung beteiligten Moden Berücksichtigung finden. Im weiteren Verlauf werden Möglichkeiten zur Modellierung, Simulation und Messung multimodaler Wellenausbreitung im akustischen Wellenleiter gezeigt.
Anwendung von pyroelektrischen PZT-Dünnschichten für die winkelauflösende Flammendetektion
Authors: Neumann Norbert , Ebermann Martin , Hoppe Silke 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Das bei einer Verbrennung entstehende CO2 emittiert ein spezifisches Strahlungsspektrum bei etwa 4,3 μm Wellenlänge, das mit einem IR-Flammendetektor erfasst werden kann. Die marktüblichen Sensoren detektieren eine Flamme in einem festgelegten Gebiet (Field-of-View), ihre genaue Position kann jedoch nicht ermittelt werden. Der vorgestellte 3×3-Matrixsensor generiert zusätzliche Richtungsinformationen für eine räumliche Ortung der Flamme mit einer Winkelauflösung von bis zu 5°.
Oxidation of a Anticholinergic Drug Atropine Sulfate Monohydrate by Alkaline Copper(III) Periodate Complex: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study
Authors: Byadagi Kirthi S. , Hosahalli Rajeshwari V. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T. , Chimatadar Shivamurti A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe oxidation of a anticholinergic drug, Atropine sulfate monohydrate (ASM) by diperiodatocuprate(III) (DPC) has been investigated spectrophotometrically in aqueous alkaline medium at a constant ionic strength of 0.50 mol dm-3. The reaction between diperiodatocuprate(III) and atropine sulfate exhibits1:2stoichiometry (atropine sulfate: diperiodatocuprate(III)). The main oxidation products were identified and confirmed by spectral studies including IR,1H NMR and GC-MS. A suitable mechanism is proposed. The order with respect to diperiodatocuprate(III) concentration was unity, while the order with respect to atropine sulfate concentration was less than unity over the concentration range studied. The rates increased with an increase in alkali concentration and decreased with an increase in periodate concentration. The activation parameters with respect to slow step of the mechanism were calculated and the thermodynamic quantities we are also determined. Kinetic experiments suggest that [Cu(OH)2(H3IO6)]-is the reactive species of copper(III).
Pakistan in 2011
Authors: Fair C. Christine 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Pakistan came into sharp conflict with the U.S. and the international community in 2011 over its long-standing support of Islamist militants. The killing of Osama bin Laden left many speculating whether Pakistan's intelligence agencies were either complicit in harboring him or incompetent. Pakistan's various conflicts, as well as Pakistan Taliban violence, continue to claim thousands of lives. Economic growth remains inadequate to provide jobs for its ever-growing population, and both the civilian and military leaderships appear unwilling to make structural economic changes to attract vital international developmental aid.
Sri Lanka in 2011
Authors: Goodhand Jonathan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Local elections consolidated the Mahinda Rajapaksa administration's grip on power. State-led efforts to stimulate economic growth continued with major infrastructure projects in the northeastern and southern parts of Sri Lanka. No significant progress was made toward a political settlement and reconciliation with the Tamil community, and the government came under increasing international pressure about its conduct in the last months of the civil war after the release of the United Nations Advisory Panel report.
Nepal and Bhutan in 2011
Authors: Shneiderman Sara , Turin Mark 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Nepal's political transition to a democratic federal republic remains incomplete. A November 2011 agreement on post-conflict integration and rehabilitation offers reason for hope. Continued disagreements over the structure of the federal state and its form of government have delayed the constitution-making process. Corruption, impunity, and weak infrastructure combine to erode Nepali confidence in effective governance. Bhutan's democratic exercise continues to be carefully controlled by entrenched elites, but the country held its first-ever local elections successfully and economic growth stabilized.
A High-Density Simple Sequence Repeat-Based Genetic Linkage Map of Switchgrass
Authors: Liu Linglong , Wu Yanqi , Wang Yunwen , Samuels Tim 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) has been identified as a promising cellulosic biofuel crop in the United States. Construction of a genetic linkage map is fundamental for switchgrass molecular breeding and the elucidation of its genetic mechanisms for economically important traits. In this study, a novel population consisting of 139 selfed progeny of a northern lowland genotype, NL 94 LYE 16X13, was used to construct a linkage map. A total of 2493 simple sequence repeat markers were screened for polymorphism. Of 506 polymorphic loci, 80.8% showed a goodness-of-fit of 1:2:1 segregation ratio. Among 469 linked loci on the framework map, 241 coupling vs. 228 repulsion phase linkages were detected that conformed to a 1:1 ratio, confirming disomic inheritance. A total of 499 loci were mapped to 18 linkage groups (LG), of which the cumulative length was 2085.2 cM, with an average marker interval of 4.2 cM. Nine homeologous LG pairs were identified based on multi-allele markers and comparative genomic analysis. Two clusters of segregation-distorted loci were identified on LG 5b and 9b, respectively. Comparative analysis indicated a one-to-one relationship between nine switchgrass homeologous groups and nine foxtail millet (Setaria italica) chromosomes, suggesting strong homology between the two species. The linkage map derived from selfing a heterozygous parent, instead of two separate maps usually constructed for a cross-fertilized species, provides a new genetic framework to facilitate genomics research, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, and marker-assisted breeding.
Loss-of-Function Screen Reveals Novel Regulators Required forDrosophilaGermline Stem Cell Self-Renewal
Authors: Xing Yalan , Kurtz Irina , Thuparani Manisha , Legard Jillian , Ruohola-Baker Hannele 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe germline stem cells (GSCs) of Drosophila melanogaster ovary provide an excellent model system to study the molecular mechanisms of stem cell self-renewal. To reveal novel factors required for Drosophila female GSC maintenance and/or division, we performed a loss-of-function screen in GSCs by using a collection of P-element–induced alleles of essential genes. Mutations in genes of various functional groups were identified to cause defects in GSC self-renewal. Here we report that a group of mutations affecting various ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes cause significant GSCs loss, including Plenty of SH3s (POSH), Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 10 (UbcD10), and pineapple eye (pie). Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation plays a variety of roles in the regulation of many developmental processes, including mediating stem cell division through degradation of cell cycle regulators. We demonstrated that pie, sharing highly conserved RING domains with human E3 ubiquitin ligase G2E3 that are critical for early embryonic development, is specifically required for GSC maintenance, possibly through regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway. Despite the previously reported role in imaginal disc cell survival, pie loss-of-function induced GSC loss is not to the result of caspase-involved cell death. Further efforts are needed to elucidate the functions of ubiquitin ligases in GSC maintenance, which will ultimately contribute to a better understanding of how the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes regulate stem cell biology in mammalian systems.
Coding Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Mapping and Quantitative Trait Loci Detection for Physiological Reproductive Traits in Brook Charr,Salvelinus fontinalis
Authors: Sauvage Christopher , Vagner Marie , Derôme Nicolas , Audet Céline , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA linkage map of 40 linkage groups (LGs) was developed for brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis, using an F2 interstrain hybrid progeny (n = 171) and 256 coding gene SNP developed specifically for brook charr and validated from a large (&gt;1000) subset of putative SNP, as well as 81 microsatellite markers. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to reproduction functions, these fish were also phenotyped at six physiological traits, including spermatozoid head diameter, sperm concentration, plasma testosterone, plasma 11-keto-testosterone, egg diameter, and plasma 17β-estradiol. Five significant QTL were detected over four LGs for egg diameter and plasma 17β-estradiol concentration in females, and sperm concentration as well as spermatozoid head diameter in males. In females, two different QTLs located on LG 11 and LG 34 were associated with the egg number, whereas one QTL was associated with plasma 17β-estradiol concentration (LG 8). Their total percent variance explained (PVE) was 26.7% and 27.6%, respectively. In males, two QTL were also detected for the sperm concentration, and their PVE were estimated at 18.58% and 14.95%, respectively. The low QTL number, associated with the high PVE, suggests that the variance in these reproductive physiological traits was either under the control of one major gene or a small number of genes. The QTL associated with sperm concentration, plasma 17β-estradiol, and egg diameter appeared to be under a dominance effect, whereas the two others were under a negative additive effect. These results show that genes underlying the phenotypic variance of these traits are under different modes of action (additive vs. dominance) and may be used to predict an increase or a decrease in their phenotypic values in subsequent generations of selective breeding. Moreover, this newly developed panel of mapped SNP located in coding gene regions will be useful for screening wild populations, especially in the context of investigating the genetic impact of massive stocking of domestic brook charr to support the angling industry throughout eastern North America.
Ancestry Informative Marker Set for Han Chinese Population
Authors: Qu Hui-Qi , Li Quan , Xu Shuhua , McCormick Joseph B , Fisher-Hoch Susan P , Xiong Momiao , Qian Ji , Jin Li 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The population of Han Chinese is ∼1.226 billion people. Genetic heterogeneity between northern Han Chinese (N-Han) and southern Han Chinese (S-Han) has been demonstrated by recent genome-wide studies. As an initial step toward health disparities and personalized medicine in Chinese population, this study developed a set of ancestry informative markers (AIM) for Han Chinese population.