bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of salinity and the use of shackle/leg sprays on the electrical conductivity of a commercial waterbath stunner for broilers
Authors: Perez‐Palacios S. , Wotton S. B. 
Published: October 2010

The effect of salinity and temperature on the electrical conductivity of a waterbath stunner was assessed in a commercial broiler processing plant. During a break in production, the waterbath was emptied and filled with either cold water, cold water plus sodium chloride, warm water, or warm water plus sodium chloride. Different concentrations of sodium chloride in distilled water at different temperatures were prepared in the laboratory and their conductivities were compared with the results obtained in the processing plant. No significant increase in conductivity was achieved through an increase in water temperature in either the laboratory or the processing plant, but there was an increase in conductivity after the addition of sodium chloride. However, the increase in conductivity was lost after 20 to 30 minutes of birds passing through the waterbath. The effects of the use, the location and the water temperature of the shackle/leg sprays on electrical conductivity were also studied, but under the conditions of the experiment none of these factors increased the electrical conductivity.
International disease monitoring, January to March 2006
Authors: Sabirovic M. , Raw L. , Lock F. , Hall S. , Coulson N. 
Published: October 2010

Classical swine fever in Bulgaria, Germany and Brazil
Newcastle disease in Europe, Azerbaijan, Mexico and Japan
Highly pathogenic avian influenza in European Union member states, Eastern Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia and East Asia
Foot‐and‐mouth disease in Brazil, Argentina, Egypt, Turkey, China and Russia
Rinderpest in Gabon
African horse sickness in Swaziland
– These are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for January to March 2006, prepared by DEFRA ’s International Animal Health Division
Measurements of growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor 1 in cats with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Reusch C. E. , Kley S. , Casella M. , Nelson R. W. , Mol J. , Zapf J. 
Published: October 2010

Serum concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and growth hormone were measured in 25 cats with untreated diabetes mellitus (11 of which were used for follow‐up measurements, one to three, four to eight, nine to 12 and 13 to 16 weeks after their treatment with insulin began), 14 diabetic cats that had previously been treated with insulin, and seven diabetic cats that also had hypersomatotropism, two of which had not previously been treated with insulin; 18 healthy cats were used as controls. In the untreated diabetic cats the concentration of IGF‐1 ranged from 13·0 to 433·0 ng/ml (median 170·5 ng/ml), which was significantly lower than the concentrations in the control cats (196·0 to 791·0 ng/ml, median 452·0 ng/ml). Their IGF‐1 concentrations increased significantly when they were treated with insulin and after four to eight weeks were not different from those in the control cats. In the diabetic cats that had previously been treated with insulin the IGF‐1 concentrations were 33·0 to 476·0 ng/ml (median 316·0 ng/ml), which was significantly lower than the concentrations in the control cats, but significantly higher than in the untreated diabetic cats. The IGF‐1 concentrations in the two previously untreated diabetic cats with hypersomatotropism were low and low‐normal but increased markedly after treatment with insulin. In the five previously treated cats with hypersomatotropism the concentration of IGF‐1 was above the normal range. The concentrations of growth hormone in the treated and untreated diabetic cats without hypersomatotropisms were not significantly different and there was an overlap in its concentrations in the diabetic cats with and without hypersomatotropism.
Efficacy of ceftiofur and flunixin in the early treatment of bronchopneumonia in weaners
Authors: Halloy D. J. , Cambier C. , Gustin P. G. 
Published: October 2010

Three groups of five pigs were inoculated intratracheally with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides, and 24 hours later with 10 × 109 colony‐forming units of a non‐toxigenic strain of Pasteurella multocida type A; a fourth group was left uninoculated as controls. The three inoculated groups received either no treatment (positive controls), or were treated with 3 mg/kg ceftiofur intramuscularly once a day for five consecutive days, either alone or combined with 2 mg/kg flunixin intramuscularly once a day for three consecutive days. The sustained coughing and hyperthermia recorded in the positive controls disappeared after two days and three days of treatments, respectively, in the treated animals, and the reductions in daily weight gain and changes in breathing pattern observed in the controls were not observed in the treated animals. There were no significant differences between the pigs treated with ceftiofur alone or ceftiofur combined with flunixin. In the positive controls, the number of inflammatory cells in samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid continued to increase up to 15 days after inoculation, whereas in the treated animals there were similar increases at six days but the numbers had decreased to baseline levels after 15 days. Similarly, in the treated animals the volume of the lung lesions was significantly less than in the control animals, but the inclusion of flunixin in the treatment regimen had no significant additional effect.
Clinical evaluation of firocoxib and carprofen for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis
Authors: Pollmeier M. , Toulemonde C. , Fleishman C. , Hanson P. D. 
Published: October 2010

A double‐blind, randomised, controlled, multicentre field study was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of firocoxib chewable tablets and carprofen tablets in 218 dogs with osteoarthritis. Firocoxib is a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug with more than 350‐fold selectivity in dogs for the inducible isoform of the enzyme cyclo‐oxygenase‐2. The efficacy, tolerance and ease of administration of firocoxib (5 mg/kg/day) and carprofen (4 mg/kg/day) were assessed by the owners and the attending veterinarians during 30 days of treatment. The efficacy was assessed in terms of the dogs' overall scores at the end of the treatment, based on the veterinarians' assessment of lameness, pain on manipulation/palpation, range of motion, and joint swelling; 92·5 per cent of the dogs treated with firocoxib and 92·4 per cent of the dogs treated with carprofen had improved. The reduction in lameness in the dogs treated with firocoxib was significantly greater than in the dogs treated with carprofen. The owners' evaluations were that 96·2 per cent of the dogs treated with firocoxib and 92·4 per cent of the dogs treated with carprofen had improved, and this difference was statistically significant.
Descriptive spatial analysis of scrapie‐affected flocks in Great Britain between January 1993 and December 2002
Authors: Tongue S. C. , Pfeiffer D. U. , Wilesmith J. W. 
Published: October 2010

The spatial distribution of sheep flocks in Great Britain with confirmed clinical scrapie between January 1993 and December 2002 inclusive was investigated by using kernel density estimation and a cluster scan test statistic. Six statistically significant clusters were identified: three were lower risk, and were centred on the north‐western coast of Scotland, the north‐western coast of Wales and the South Yorkshire/Pennine region; three were of higher risk, and were centred in the central south, North Yorkshire and north Cumbria. General knowledge and the results of previous epidemiological studies were used to generate biologically plausible hypotheses that might explain these findings. They included aspects of flock management and disease transmission, and factors associated with the identification of cases, including their detection, recognition and, in particular, reporting levels, as well as diagnosis and animal movements.
Field technique for the resection of the distal interphalangeal joint and proximal resection of the deep digital flexor tendon in cows
Authors: Bicalho R. C. , Cheong S. H. , Guard C. L. 
Published: October 2010

A modified technique for the resection of the distal interphalangeal joint and the proximal resection of the deep digital flexor tendon in cows is described. Septic arthritis of the joint was diagnosed in eight Holstein cows and treated in the field. Four of the cows were diagnosed with ascending tendonitis during the resection of the joint and their tendons were also resected. All the animals remained moderately to severely lame for two weeks postoperatively but quickly recovered and were sound within five months. Eight months after the last surgery only one cow had been culled, 321 days after its surgery, for reproductive failure. The other seven cows had survived for a mean period of 308 days, with a range from 235 to 392 days.
Effect of carazolol on the oestrous behaviour and concentrations of luteinising hormone and steroids in lactating cows during the periovulatory period
Authors: España F. , Pérez‐Marín C. C. , Santiago‐Moreno J. , Ziecik A. 
Published: October 2010

Twelve multiparous, cycling, lactating Holstein‐Friesian cows were synchronised with prostaglandin F2α and treated with either 2·5 mg carazolol or saline. There were no differences between the peripheral blood concentrations of oestradiol or progesterone, but in the cows treated with carazolol the periovulatory surge of luteinising hormone was delayed, and oestrous behaviour was expressed later than in the control cows.
Outbreak of wildebeest‐associated malignant catarrhal fever in Ankole cattle
Authors: Whitaker K. A. , Wessels M. E. , Campbell I. , Russell G. C. 
Published: October 2010

During an outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in a herd of Ankole cattle in a zoological collection, two adult cows and one adult bull from a herd of 15 died or were euthanased between July and November 2004. The clinical, gross postmortem and histological findings were typical of the disease in uk native domestic cattle. The diagnosis was confirmed by serology in two animals, and by pcr in all three; the pcr provided evidence of alcelaphine herpesvirus type 1 infection in all three animals and also of ovine herpesvirus type 2 infection in one.
Comparison of the microhardness of enamel, primary and regular secondary dentine of the incisors of donkeys and horses
Authors: Du Toit N. , Bezensek B. , Dixon P. M. 
Published: October 2010

The microhardness of the enamel, primary dentine and regular secondary dentine of seven donkey and six horse incisors was determined with a Knoop indenter at the subocclusal and mid‐tooth level. The mean microhardnesses of the donkey incisor enamel, primary dentine and secondary dentine were 264·6 63·00 and 53·6 Knoop Hardness Number, respectively. There was no significant difference between the microhardness of the enamel and primary dentine on the incisors of the donkeys and horses, but the microhardness of the regular secondary dentine of the donkeys' incisors at the mid‐tooth level was slightly but significantly less than that of the horses. There was also a difference in the microhardness of the secondary dentine between the subocclusal and mid‐tooth levels in both donkey and horse incisors.
International disease monitoring, July to September 2008
Authors: Sabirovic M. , Roberts H. , Hall S. , Elliott H. , Coulson N. 
Published: October 2010

African horse sickness serotype 2 reported for the first time in Ethiopia
African swine fever in the Caucasus region continues to evolve
Bluetongue remains a threat to uk farming
btv‐1 circulation reported in France, Spain and Portugal
btv‐8 vaccination and natural immunity have reduced infection
Classical swine fever reported in wild boar populations in eastern Europe
Foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreaks reported in Africa and South America
Glanders reported in the region of Brazil that exports horses to the eu
Highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks continue across Asia and west Africa
Peste des petits ruminants virus continues to spread across Morocco
Rift Valley fever continues to be reported in ruminants in Africa
West Nile virus outbreaks reported in horses and wild birds in northern Italy
— These are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for July to September 2008, prepared by defra 's Food and Farming Group, International Animal Health
Clinical signs and diagnosis of thiamine deficiency in juvenile goshawks (Accipiter gentilis)
Authors: Carnarius M. , Hafez H. M. , Henning A. , Henning H. J. , Lierz M. 
Published: October 2010

Between 2002 and 2006, a large number of juvenile northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) with central nervous signs were examined. They were aged between 45 and 55 days and had been fed on frozen and thawed day‐old chicks. High‐performance liquid chromatography showed that the birds had whole blood thiamine levels between 2·2 and 6·0 μg/l; the concentrations of other blood constituents were within their reference ranges. Treatment with thiamine hydrochloride rapidly resolved the clinical signs. Measurements of the concentration of thiamine in 22 free‐ranging and captive goshawks showed that they ranged from 45·1 to 200 μg/l.
Working together on one health in Europe
Authors: de Lange Karin 
Published: October 2010

The culmination of the first European Veterinary Week was a meeting in Hannover, Germany, on November 14, 2008, exploring international trends and perspectives in food animal practice. The meeting coincided with ‘Eurotier’, the world’s largest exhibition covering professional animal husbandry and management. Issues discussed included bluetongue, the EU’s Community Animal Health Strategy and zoonoses.image
IS1245 RFLP analysis of strains of Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis isolated from pigs with tuberculosis lymphadenitis in Portugal
Authors: Domingos M. , Amado A. , Botelho A. 
Published: October 2010

From the end of 2004 increasing numbers of tuberculosis‐like lesions were detected in regular meat inspections of pigs at regional abattoirs. Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis was identified as the cause of this outbreak of tuberculosis lymphadenitis by IS901 and IS1245 duplex PCR and FR300 PCR. In order to detect the source and route of infection, IS1245 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to type 54 strains (50 from pigs, one from a cow, two from wild boar and one from peat) isolated in 12 different regions of Portugal. A total of 51 different patterns were obtained with most strains giving a high IS1245 copy number (between seven and 27) with a complex RFLP pattern. Twenty‐three strains were gathered in 11 clusters, defined as having at least 80 per cent similarity. Identical isolates were obtained from one herd in Lisbon (two isolates), one herd in Setúbal (two isolates) and in two isolates from different herds in the same region. No distinctive geographical clustering was found among the 54 strains. These results indicate that strains of M hominissuis are very heterogeneous and widespread in pigs in Portugal. No major common source of the infection was identified.
Normal function of the hypothalamic‐pituitary growth axis in three dwarf Friesian foals
Authors: de Graaf‐Roelfsema E. , Back W. , Stout T. A. E. , van der Kolk J. H. , Keizer H. A. 
Published: October 2010

Serial blood samples were collected from three dwarfFriesian foals to examine their endogenous growthhormone (GH) profiles, and the integrity of theGH‐insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) axis wastested in one of them by examining its responses tothe administration of GH‐releasing hormone (GHRH)and to 10 days of treatment with recombinant equineGH. The basal serum concentrations of IGF‐1 inthe three dwarf foals were compared with those innine age‐matched normal foals. All the dwarf foalssecreted endogenous GH. Stimulation with 7·0 μg/kgGHRH led to a 1400 per cent increase in plasma GHconcentration in the dwarf foal tested, and 10 dailysubcutaneous treatments with 20 μg/kg recombinantequine GH led to a 100 per cent increase in its serumIGF‐1 concentration. The basal serum concentrationsof IGF‐1 in the dwarf foals were not significantlydifferent from those of the normal foals.
Incidence and impact of dog attacks on guide dogs in the UK
Authors: Brooks A. , Moxon R. , England G. C. W. 
Published: October 2010

In a retrospective survey, researchers identified 100 incidents of attacks on guide dogs by other dogs. These were reviewed in order to determine the number, severity and impact on the handler and dog, and the characteristics of the aggressors and victims. During the study period there were more than three attacks reported each month, with 61 per cent of the attacks being upon dogs that were in harness and working with an owner or trainer. The majority of the dogs that were attacked were male (62 per cent), and the breeds that were over‐represented (relative to their prevalence in the general guide dog population) were the labrador and the golden retriever x flat‐coated retriever crossbreed. Most of the attacks occurred in public places between 09.00 and 15.00 and the majority (61 per cent) of the attacking dogs were off the lead at the time of the attack. Thirty‐eight per cent of the attacking dogs were of bull breeds, which were over‐represented among attackers compared with the proportion of this breed type in the general dog population. Veterinary attention was sought after 41 per cent of the attacks, and in 19 per cent of instances there was injury to the handler or to a member of the public. The attacks were reported to have affected the working performance and behaviour of the victim dog in 45 per cent of the instances, and two dogs had to be subsequently withdrawn from working as guide dogs.
Comparison of four treatments to suppress ovarian activity in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Proháczik A. , Kulcsár M. , Trigg T. , Driancourt M. A. , Huszenicza G. 
Published: October 2010

Twenty‐five ferret jills were randomly allocated to five groups of five animals; they were treated either before the breeding season with 15 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), with 40 mg proligestone or with a slow‐releasing device containing 4.7 mg of the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist deslorelin acetate (srGnRH), or at spring oestrus with 100 iu human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), or were left untreated and mated. All the ferrets were assessed for signs of oestrus and their ovarian response was monitored by individual faecal progesterone metabolite (P4‐met) profiles. The mean (sd) durations of treatment‐induced ovarian quiescence were 94 (18), 99 (40), 53 (9) and 698 (122) days in the group treated with MPA, proligestone, hCG and srGnRH, respectively (P&#60;0.001). Treatment with hCG and srGnRH proved to be the safest, while MPA treatment was associated with most side effects. Both MPA and proligestone treatments caused alopecia in one ferret per group, and after the first return to oestrus and mating an MPA‐treated jill had a premature delivery and developed a purulent vaginal discharge. At the first post‐treatment mating, the fertility (expressed as the percentage of ferrets mated in the group that produced a litter) was 75 per cent in the MPA‐treated group, 60 per cent in the proligestone‐treated group, 75 per cent in the hCG‐treated group and 0 per cent in the srGnRH‐treated group; in the control group, fertility was 100 per cent at mating in spring and 60 per cent at mating in summer. Three srGnRH‐treated jills conceived at the second post‐treatment oestrus.
Muscle pH, rigor mortis and blood variables in Atlantic salmon transported in two types of well‐boat
Authors: Gatica M. C. , Monti G. E. , Knowles T. G. , Gallo C. B. 
Published: October 2010

Two systems for transporting live salmon (Salmo salar) were compared in terms of their effects on blood variables, muscle pH and rigor index: an ‘open system’ well‐boat with recirculated sea water at 13.5°C and a stocking density of 107 kg/m3 during an eight‐hour journey, and a ‘closed system’ well‐boat with water chilled from 16.7 to 2.1°C and a stocking density of 243.7 kg/m3 during a seven‐hour journey. Groups of 10 fish were sampled at each of four stages: in cages at the farm, in the well‐boat after loading, in the well‐boat after the journey and before unloading, and in the processing plant after they were pumped from the resting cages. At each sampling, the fish were stunned and bled by gill cutting. Blood samples were taken to measure lactate, osmolality, chloride, sodium, cortisol and glucose, and their muscle pH and rigor index were measured at death and three hours later. In the open system well‐boat, the initial muscle pH of the fish decreased at each successive stage, and at the final stage they had a significantly lower initial muscle pH and more rapid onset of rigor than the fish transported on the closed system well‐boat. At the final stage all the blood variables except glucose were significantly affected in the fish transported on both types of well‐boat.
Study of TiOxNy MOS Capacitors
Authors: Albertin Katia F. , Souza Denise C. , Zuñiga Alejandro , Pereyra Inés 
Published: October 2010

A set of MOS capacitors with TiOxNy films deposited by reactive r.f. magnetron sputtering varying the nitrogen partial pressure in an Ar/N2 gaseous mixture, as gate dielectric layer, was fabricated and characterized. These films were annealed at 550 and 1000oC in N2 environment.	The TiOxNy films were characterized by Raman, Rutherford Backscattering (RBS), and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). Capacitance-voltage (1MHz) and current-voltage measurements were used to obtain the effective dielectric constant, the effective oxide thickness (EOT), the leakage current density, and the interface quality.	MOS capacitors results show that the TiOxNy films present a dielectric constant varying from 15 to 35, good interface quality with silicon and leakage current density varying from approximately 1 to 10 mA/cm2 for VG = -1V and for EOT of approximately 2 nm. The leakage current density is reduced in 2 orders of magnitude with an increase in nitrogen concentration.