bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Chlorophyll A Purification and Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Magsi Komal , Lee Ping , Kang Yeona , Bhattacharya Soumya , Fortmann Charles M 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTDye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) may provide an economical alternative to the present p–n junction photovoltaic devices. Here the relation between chlorophyll purity and photovoltaic performance was examined. Also the commercial grade copper chlorophyll was examined. The performance under simulated sunlight and the quantum efficiency were measured. All samples had large short wavelength quantum efficiency however the high purity chlorophyll had larger quantum efficiency in the visible. The highest purity samples produced DSSC solar cells with the highest open circuit voltage and efficiency while the fill factor and the short circuit current were not strongly correlated with purity. The un-altered short circuit current suggests that chlorophyll attachment and charge transfer at the titanium oxide are not altered by impurities. However the results suggest that impurities (and/or copper in the commercial chlorophyll case) alter the photo-absorption and the electrolyte so as to either change the iodine chemical potential or decrease the diffusivity of iodine ions.
Thermodynamic study of lithium-ion battery materials
Authors: Yu Denis Y.W. , Reynier Yvan , Cardema Joanna Dodd , Ozawa Yasunori , Yazami Rachid 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe ability to monitor the status of a battery during charge and discharge is important for predicting its performance and life. This is typically done by measuring the voltage and resistance across the terminals, or by external characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Thermodynamics measurements based on entropy and enthalpy provide another mean to “look inside” a battery, giving us more information to determine the state of health of the battery. In particular, entropy undergoes drastic changes at boundaries of phase transitions taking place in each electrode material at defined states of charge (lithium stoichiometry). Recent work on thermodynamics study on lithium ion battery materials is summarized in this paper.
Metal- Metal Oxide Electrode: A Promising Energy Storage Candidate for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Jena Anirudha , Munichandraiah N. , Shivashankar S. A. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTIn the present study we have synthesized Ni/NiO nanocomposite was synthesized via microwave assisted rapid chemical route. The electrochemical properties of the composite was studied and found to be showing better performance in presence of metallic nickel in presence of its oxide.
Tailored Therapy in an Unselected Population of 91 Elderly Patients with DLBCL Prospectively Evaluated Using a Simplified CGA
Authors: Olivieri Attilio , Gini Guido , Bocci Caterina , Montanari Mauro , Trappolini Silvia , Olivieri Jacopo , Brunori Marino , Catarini Massimo , Guiducci Barbara , Isidori Alessandro , Alesiani Francesco , Giuliodori Luciano , Marcellini Massimo , Visani Giuseppe , Poloni Antonella , Leoni Pietro 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Learning Objectives:
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Demonstrate the proper use of a simplified comprehensive geriatric analysis, including activities of daily living (ADL), Mini-Mental State Evaluation (MMSE), Cumulative Illness Rating Scale–Geriatrics (CIRS-G), and geriatric syndromes (multidimensional geriatric assessment [MGA]).Maintaining a tailored anthracycline-based therapy, describe alternative treatment in elderly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients unfit for the standard chemotherapy.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Background.
Elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are a heterogeneous population; clinical trials have evaluated a minority of these patients.

Patients and Methods.
Ninety-one elderly patients with DLBCL received tailored treatment based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). Three groups were identified: I, fit patients; II, patients with comorbidities; III, frail patients. Group I received 21-day cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP-21), group II received R-CHOP-21 with liposomal doxorubicin, and group III received 21-day cycles of reduced-dose CHOP. Fifty-four patients (59%) were allocated to group I, 22 (25%) were allocated to group II, and 15 (16%) were allocated to group III.

Results.
The complete response (CR) rates were 81.5% in group I, 64% in group II, and 60% in group III. With a median follow-up of 57 months, 42 patients are alive, with 41 in continuous CR: 31 patients (57%) in group I, seven patients (32%) in group II, and four patients (20%) in group III. The 5-year overall survival, event-free survival, and disease-free survival rates in all patients were 46%, 31%, and 41%, respectively. Multivariate analysis selected group I assignment as the main significant prognostic factor for outcome.

Conclusions.
This approach in an unselected population of elderly DLBCL patients shows that treatment tailored according to a CGA allows the evaluation of elderly patients who are currently excluded from clinical trials.
Novel Approaches of Chemoradiotherapy in Unresectable Stage IIIA and Stage IIIB Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Stinchcombe Thomas E. , Bogart Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Learning Objectives:
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the current status of phase II trials with novel agents in order to distinguish the role of phase III trials in determining the role of novel agents.Describe target therapy in stage III non-small cell lung cancer and discuss the status of personalized medicine in stage III disease.State the current standard for thoracic radiation therapy and the current status of hypofractionated, adaptive radiotherapy and proton therapy and evaluate the recent radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) 0617 trial.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Approximately one third of patients with non-small cell lung cancer have unresectable stage IIIA or stage IIIB disease, and appropriate patients are candidates for chemoradiotherapy with curative intent. The optimal treatment paradigm is currently undefined. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy, compared with sequential chemotherapy and thoracic radiation therapy (TRT), results in superior overall survival outcomes as a result of better locoregional control. Recent trials have revealed efficacy for newer chemotherapy combinations similar to that of older chemotherapy combinations with concurrent TRT and a lower rate of some toxicities. Ongoing phase III trials will determine the roles of cisplatin and pemetrexed concurrent with TRT in patients with nonsquamous histology, cetuximab, and the L-BLP25 vaccine. It is unlikely that bevacizumab will have a role in stage III disease because of its toxicity. Erlotinib, gefitinib, and crizotinib have not been evaluated in stage III patients selected based on molecular characteristics. The preliminary results of a phase III trial that compared conventionally fractionated standard-dose TRT (60 Gy) with high-dose TRT (74 Gy) revealed an inferior survival outcome among patients assigned to the high-dose arm. Hyperfractionation was investigated previously with promising results, but adoption has been limited because of logistical considerations. More recent trials have investigated hypofractionated TRT in chemoradiotherapy. Advances in tumor targeting and radiation treatment planning have made this approach more feasible and reduced the risk for normal tissue toxicity. Adaptive radiotherapy uses changes in tumor volume to adjust the TRT treatment plan during therapy, and trials using this strategy are ongoing. Ongoing trials with proton therapy will provide initial efficacy and safety data.
Does Mandatory IFRS Adoption Improve Information Comparability?
Authors: Yip Rita W. Y. , Young Danqing 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
This study examines whether the mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in the European Union significantly improves information comparability in 17 European countries. We employ three proxies—the similarity of accounting functions that translate economic events into accounting data, the degree of information transfer, and the similarity of the information content of earnings and of the book value of equity—to measure information comparability. Our results suggest that mandatory IFRS adoption improves cross-country information comparability by making similar things look more alike without making different things look less different. Our results also suggest that both accounting convergence and higher quality information under IFRS are the likely drivers of the comparability improvement. In addition, we find some evidence that cross-country comparability improvement is affected by firms' institutional environment.
Data Availability: Data are available from commercial providers (Worldscope, DataStream, and I/B/E/S).
Pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular injection of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in American black ducks (Anas rubripes)
Authors: Hope Katharine L. , Tell Lisa A. , Byrne Barbara A. , Murray Suzan , Wetzlich Scott E. , Ware Lisa H. , Lynch Warren , Padilla Luis R. , Boedeker Nancy C. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetic properties of 1 IM injection of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) in American black ducks (Anas rubripes).
Animals—20 adult American black ducks (6 in a preliminary experiment and 14 in a primary experiment).
Procedures—Dose and route of administration of CCFA for the primary experiment were determined in a preliminary experiment. In the primary experiment, CCFA (10 mg/kg, IM) was administered to ducks. Ducks were allocated into 2 groups, and blood samples were obtained 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 48, 96, 144, 192, and 240 hours or 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 72, 120, 168, and 216 hours after administration of CCFA. Plasma concentrations of ceftiofur free acid equivalents (CFAEs) were determined by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Data were evaluated by use of a naive pooled-data approach.
Results—The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from 0 hours to infinity was 783 h•μg/mL, maximum plasma concentration observed was 13.1 μg/mL, time to maximum plasma concentration observed was 24 hours, terminal phase half-life was 32.0 hours, time that concentrations of CFAEs were higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (1.0 μg/mL) for many pathogens of birds was 123 hours, and time that concentrations of CFAEs were higher than the target plasma concentration (4.0 μg/mL) was 73.3 hours.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis of the time that CFAE concentrations were higher than the target plasma concentration, a dosing interval of 3 days can be recommended for future multidose CCFA studies.
Evaluation of intramuscularly administered sodium pentosan polysulfate for treatment of experimentally induced osteoarthritis in horses
Authors: McIlwraith C. Wayne , Frisbie David D. , Kawcak Christopher E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective—To assess clinical, radiographic, histologic, and biochemical effects of sodium pentosan polysulfate (NaPPS) administered IM for treatment of experimentally induced osteoarthritis in horses.
Animals—18 horses.
Procedures—Osteoarthritis was induced arthroscopically in 1 middle carpal joint of all horses. Nine horses received NaPPS (3 mg/kg, IM) on study days 15, 22, 29, and 36. Nine control horses received the same volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution IM on study days 15, 22, 29, and 36. Clinical, radiographic, gross, histologic, histochemical, and biochemical findings as well as findings of synovial fluid analysis were evaluated.
Results—No adverse treatment-related events were detected. Induced osteoarthritis caused a substantial increase in lameness, response to flexion, joint effusion, radiographic findings, synovial membrane inflammation, and articular cartilage fibrillation. Articular cartilage fibrillation was substantially reduced by NaPPS treatment, and concentrations of chondroitin sulfate 846 epitope were significantly increased in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritic and nonosteoarthritic joints of treated horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that NaPPS has some beneficial disease-modifying effects and may be a therapeutic option for osteoarthritis in horses.
In vitro evaluation of the relationship between the semitendinosus muscle and cranial cruciate ligament in canine cadavers
Authors: Kanno Nobuo , Amimoto Hirokazu , Hara Yasushi , Harada Yasuji , Nezu Yoshinori , Yogo Takuya , Tagawa Masahiro 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the role of the semitendinosus muscle in stabilization of the canine stifle joint.
Sample—Left stifle joints collected from cadavers of 8 healthy Beagles.
Procedures—Left hind limbs, including the pelvis, were collected. To mimic the tensile force of the quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and semitendinosus muscles, wires were placed under strain between the ends of each muscle. A sensor was used to measure the tensile force in each wire. Specimens were tested in the following sequence: cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) intact, CrCL transected, released (tensile force of semitendinosus muscle was released in the CrCL-transected stifle joint), and readjusted (tensile force of semitendinosus muscle was reapplied in the CrCL-transected stifle joint). Specimens were loaded at 65.3% of body weight, and tensile force in the wires as well as the cranial tibial displacement were measured.
Results—Tensile force for the CrCL-transected condition increased significantly, compared with that for the CrCL-intact condition. Mean ± SD cranial tibial displacement for the CrCL-transected condition was 2.1 ± 1.3 mm, which increased to 7.2 ± 2.3 mm after release of the tensile force in the semitendinosus muscle.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results supported the contention that the semitendinosus muscle is an agonist of the CrCL in the stifle joint of dogs. Moreover, the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles may be antagonists of the CrCL. These findings suggested that the risk of CrCL rupture may be increased by diseases (such as cauda equina syndrome) associated with a decrease in activity of the semitendinosus muscle.
Comparison of the effects of IV administration of meloxicam, carprofen, and flunixin meglumine on prostaglandin E2 concentration in aqueous humor of dogs with aqueocentesis-induced anterior uveitis
Authors: Gilmour Margi A. , Payton Mark E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective—To compare the effects of meloxicam, carprofen, and flunixin meglumine administered IV on the concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the aqueous humor of dogs with aqueocentesis-induced anterior uveitis.
Animals—15 adult dogs with ophthalmically normal eyes.
Procedures—Each dog was assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups. Treatment groups were saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (1 mL, IV), meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg, IV), carprofen (4.4 mg/kg, IV), and flunixin meglumine (0.5 mg/kg, IV). Each dog was anesthetized, treatment was administered, and aqueocentesis was performed on each eye at 30 and 60 minutes after treatment. Aqueous humor samples were frozen at −80°C until assayed for PGE2 concentration with an enzyme immunoassay kit.
Results—For all 4 treatment groups, PGE2 concentration was significantly higher in samples obtained 60 minutes after treatment, compared with that in samples obtained 30 minutes after treatment, which indicated aqueocentesis-induced PGE2 synthesis. For aqueous humor samples obtained 60 minutes after treatment, PGE2 concentration did not differ significantly among groups treated with saline solution, meloxicam, and carprofen; however, the PGE2 concentration for the group treated with flunixin meglumine was significantly lower than that for each of the other 3 treatment groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Flunixin meglumine was more effective than meloxicam or carprofen for minimizing the PGE2 concentration in the aqueous humor of dogs with experimentally induced uveitis. Flunixin meglumine may be an appropriate pre-medication for use prior to intraocular surgery in dogs.
Comparison of hydroxyapatite-coated and uncoated pins for transfixation casting in horses
Authors: Lescun Timothy B. , Baird Debra K. , Oliver Laurinda J. , Adams Stephen B. , Hawkins Jan F. , Moore George E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the extent to which a hydroxyapatite coating promotes pin stability in the third metacarpal bone during transfixation casting in horses.
Animals—14 adult horses.
Procedures—7 horses each were assigned to either an uncoated or hydroxyapatite-coated pin group. Three transcortical pins were placed in the third metacarpal bone of each horse and incorporated into a cast for 8 weeks. Insertion and extraction torque were measured, and torque reduction was calculated. Radiography was performed at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. Lameness evaluation was performed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Bacteriologic culture of pins and pin holes was performed at pin removal.
Results—All horses used casts without major complication throughout the study. Insertion torque was higher in uncoated pins. There was no effect of group on extraction torque. Hydroxyapatite-coated pins had lower torque reduction. Five of 15 hydroxyapatite-coated pins maintained or increased stability, whereas all uncoated pins loosened. Pin hole radiolucency, lameness grades, and positive bacteriologic culture rates were not different between groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hydroxyapatite coating increased pin stability within the third metacarpal bone of horses during 8 weeks of transfixation casting but did not improve pin performance on clinical assessments. Clinical use of hydroxyapatite-coated transfixation pins may result in greater pin stability; however, further research is necessary to improve the consistency of pin osteointegration and elucidate whether clinical benefits will ultimately result from this approach in horses.
Efficacy of vaccination of cattle with the Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno component of a pentavalent Leptospira bacterin against experimental challenge with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis
Authors: Rinehart Carol L. , Zimmerman Alicia D. , Buterbaugh Robin E. , Jolie Rika A. , Chase Christopher C. L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the efficacy of vaccination with the Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno component of a pentavalent Leptospira bacterin against a virulent experimental challenge with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis strain 203 in cattle.
Animals—Fifty-five 6-month-old Holstein heifers.
Procedures—Heifers that were negative for persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus determined via immunohistochemical testing and negative for Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, Leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa, Leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava, Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, and Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae determined via microscopic agglutination assay were enrolled in the study. Two heifers were separated and used for the challenge passage. The remaining heifers were vaccinated twice with a commercial pentavalent bacterin or a sham vaccine 21 days apart and subsequently challenged with L borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis strain 203. Urinary shedding, antibody titers, and clinical signs of leptospirosis infection were recorded for 8 weeks after challenge.
Results—Heifers that received the pentavalent bacterin did not shed the organism in urine after challenge and did not have renal colonization at necropsy. Heifers that were sham vaccinated shed the organism in urine and had renal colonization.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results provided evidence that a pentavalent Leptospira vaccine containing L interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno can provide protection against challenge with L borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis strain 203. It is important to demonstrate cross-protection that is vaccine specific against disease-causing strains of organisms that are prevalent under field conditions.
Efficacy of an avirulent live vaccine against Lawsonia intracellularis in the prevention of proliferative enteropathy in experimentally infected weanling foals
Authors: Pusterla Nicola , Vannucci Fabio A. , Mapes Samantha M. , Nogradi Nora , Collier Jessica R. , Hill Jackie A. , DiFrancesco Melissa , White Alexandria M. , Akana Nina K. , Simonek Greg , Gebhart Connie J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the efficacy of an avirulent Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine in preventing proliferative enteropathy in weanling foals.
Animals—12 healthy weanling foals.
Procedures—Foals were randomly assigned to a vaccinated, nonvaccinated, or control group. Vaccinated foals received an avirulent porcine L intracellularis frozen-thawed vaccine intrarectally 60 and 30 days prior to experimental challenge. On day 1, vaccinated and nonvaccinated foals were challenged via nasogastric intubation with a virulent heterologous isolate of L intracellularis. Control foals were not challenged. Clinical observation and ultrasonographic evaluation of the small intestine were performed, and body weight, serum concentration of total solids, fecal excretion of L intracellularis, and seroconversion were measured for each foal until day 56. Diseased foals were treated with antimicrobials and supportive care.
Results—None of the 4 vaccinated foals developed clinical disease following challenge with virulent L intracellularis. Three of 4 nonvaccinated foals developed moderate to severe clinical signs compatible with proliferative enteropathy, hypoproteinemia, and thickened small intestinal loops. Vaccinated foals had significantly less fecal shedding of L intracellularis than nonvaccinated foals. Serologic responses between vaccinated and nonvaccinated foals after challenge were similar. Control foals remained clinically unaffected with no evidence of fecal shedding and seroconversion.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Intrarectal administration of a commercial avirulent porcine vaccine against L intracellularis resulted in complete protection against proliferative enteropathy in the foals in this study and may also reduce environmental contamination with the organism on endemic farms.