bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface-based GPU-friendly geometry modeling for detector simulation
Authors: Apostolakis John , Cvijetic Dusan , Cosmo Gabriele , Gheata Andrei , Hahnfeld Jonas , Stan Eduard-George 
Published: May 2024

In a context where the high-energy physics community strives to enhance software to handle increased data throughput, detector simulation is evolving to take advantage of new performance opportunities. Given the intricacy of particle transport simulation, recent advancements, such as adapting to accelerator hardware, require a significant research and development effort.
The feasibility of porting complex particle transport codes to GPUs has been already demonstrated by parallelizing the processing of tracks undergoing electromagnetic interactions. However, the GPU workflow presents distinct performance bottlenecks compared to the CPU workflow, owing to differences in parallelism models and hardware capabilities. Notably, the geometry component in this workflow has emerged as the primary bottleneck that needs addressing to enhance GPU-based simulations. The current CUDA-aware geometry is a 3D-solid modeler featuring substantial warp divergence, primarily due to the varying complexity of the supported 3D primitive solid shapes.
We present the outcomes of a one-year endeavor to create a bounded surface model that can seamlessly map the navigation capabilities of the existing solidbased geometry, with a focus on improving GPU efficiency. Our implementation aims to simplify low-level algorithms to reduce warp divergence, while simultaneously eliminating other sources of GPU inefficiency, such as recursive and virtual function calls, and ensuring code portability.
Backfilling a cloud with grid jobs
Authors: Fayer Simon , Whitehouse Dan 
Published: May 2024

Imperial College London hosts a large Tier-2 WLCG grid site based around a HTCondor batch system; additionally it provides cloud computing facilities using OpenStack to non-WLCG activities. These cloud resources are open to opportunistic usage provided the impact on the primary cloud users remains low.
In common with most Tier-2 sites we see constant job pressure from the WLCG VOs, while the usage of our cloud is much more intermittent. To allocate grid jobs to the available opportunistic cloud resources we implemented a lightweight backfill system based on the OpenStack Python API.
Bringing the ATLAS HammerCloud setup to the next level with containerization
Authors: Rottler Benjamin , Böhler Michael , Duckeck Günter , Lory Alexander , Mitterer Christoph Anton , Schovancova Jaroslava 
Published: May 2024

HammerCloud (HC) is a testing service and framework for continuous functional tests, on-demand large-scale stress tests, and performance benchmarks. It checks the computing resources and various components of distributed systems with realistic full-chain experiment workflows.
The HammerCloud software was initially developed in Python 2. After support for Python 2 was discontinued in 2020, migration to Python 3 became vital in order to fulfill the latest security standards and to use the new CERN Single Sign-On, which requires Python 3.
The current deployment setup based on RPMs allowed a stable deployment and secure maintenance over several years of operations for the ATLAS and CMS experiments. However, the current model is not flexible enough to support an agile and rapid development process. Therefore, we have decided to use a containerization solution, and switched to industry-standard technologies and processes. Having an “easy to spawn” instance of HC enables a more agile development cycle and easier deployment. With the help of such a containerized setup, CI/CD pipelines can be integrated into the automation process as an extra layer of verification.
A quick onboarding process for new team members and communities is essential, as there is a lot of personnel rotation and a general lack of personpower. This is achieved with the container-based setup, as developers can now work locally with a quick turnaround without needing to set up a production-like environment first. These developments empower the whole community to test and prototype new ideas and deliver new types of resources or workflows to our community.
Building a user-oriented notification system at CERN
Authors: Antunes Carina , Semedo Jose , Wagner Andreas , Ormancey Emmanuel , Carpente Caetan , Jakovljevic Igor 
Published: May 2024

CERN, as many large organizations, heavily relies on a variety of communication means for different use-cases and teams. The large amount of notifications received every day leads to adverse consequences. For the users receiving them, it is challenging to control and keep track of where, how and when some information was received. At the same time for those sending and maintaining the tools that deliver notifications, it is difficult to choose which targets to adopt (email, messaging system and platforms, electronic devices, etc.).
The CERN Notifications system aims at consolidating communication by providing a central place where notifications are created, maintained and distributed. CERN Notifications allows not only optimising the flow for the multiple people and teams which are responsible for sending, but also empowers the target users by respecting their preferences: how, where and when they receive their notifications.
This paper describes the design and architecture of the CERN Notifications system and its components, how it was designed with a flexible and highly modular architecture which allows adding further device targets with little effort. Furthermore, it presents implementation details and the decisions behind those. And last but not least it describes the features that empower users to choose how to consume information sent to them.
Large scale dynamic web deployment for CERN, experience and outlook
Authors: Vineet Reddy Rajula , Valdemar Yde Joachim , Borges Aurindo Barros Francisco , Antunes Carina , Wagner Andreas 
Published: May 2024

CERN hosts more than 1200 websites essential for the mission of the Organization, both for internal and external collaboration and communication, as well as public outreach. The complexity and scale of CERN’s online presence is very diverse with some websites, like home.cern, accommodating more than one million unique visitors in a day. However, regardless of their diversity, all websites are created using the Drupal content management system (CMS), and are self-hosted directly in the CERN Data Center on a dedicated infrastructure that runs on Kubernetes. Workflows like provisioning, deleting, cloning, upgrading, and similar are fully automated and managed by a customized Kubernetes controller. By leveraging the custom controller, the infrastructure has proven highly reliant with minimal, manual intervention necessary. In order to further automate deployments and improve governance, a customized version of Drupal called the CERN Drupal Distribution is implemented. Supported by end-to-end integration tests and automated browser simulation, this setup enables the propagation of security and feature updates seamlessly to all websites without any downtime.
This paper outlines the architecture which allows building, testing, and distributing updates to a large number of websites without any downtime. Furthermore, it presents experiences and learnings from managing such a service at CERN with limited resources.
Meld Exploring the Feasibility of a Framework-less Framework
Authors: Knoepfel Kyle 
Published: May 2024

HEP data-processing frameworks are essential ingredients in getting from raw data to physics results. But they are often tricky to use well, and they present a significant learning barrier for the beginning HEP physicist. In addition, existing frameworks typically support rigid, collider-based data models, which do not map well to neutrino-physics experiments like DUNE. Neutrino physicists thus expend significant effort working around framework limitations instead of using a framework that directly supports their needs.
Presented here is Meld, a Fermilab R&D project, which intends to address these limitations. By leveraging modern C++ capabilities, state-of-the-art concurrency libraries, and a flexible data model, it is possible for beginning (and seasoned) HEP physicists to execute framework programs easily and efficiently, with minimal coupling to framework-specific constructs. Meld aims to directly support the frameworks needs of neutrino experiments like DUNE as well as the more common collider-based experiments.
Building a Flexible and Resource-Light Monitoring Platform for a WLCG-Tier2
Authors: Currie Robert , Yuan Wenlong 
Published: May 2024

Software development projects at Edinburgh identified a desire to build and manage our own monitoring platform. This better allows us to support the developing and varied physics and computing interests of our Experimental Particle Physics group. This production platform enables oversight of international experimental data management, local software development projects and active monitoring of lab facilities within our research group.
Larger sites such as CERN have access to many resources to support generalpurpose centralised monitoring solutions such as MONIT. At a WLCG Tier2 we only have access to a fraction of these resources and manpower. Recycling nodes from grid storage and borrowed capacity from our Tier2 Hypervisors has enabled us to build a reliable monitoring infrastructure. This also contributes back to our Tier2 management improving our operational and security monitoring.
Shared experiences from larger sites gave us a head-start in building our own service monitoring (FluentD) and multi-protocol (AMQP/STOMP/UDP datagram) messaging frameworks atop both our Elasticsearch and OpenSearch clusters. This has been built with minimal hardware and software complexity, maximising maintainability, and reducing manpower costs. A secondary design goal has also been the ability to migrate and upgrade individual components with minimal service interruption. To achieve this, we made heavy use of different layers of containerisation (Podman/Docker), virtualization and NGINX web proxies.
This presentation details our experiences in developing this platform from scratch with a focus on minimal resource use. This includes lessons learnt in deploying and comparing both an Elasticsearch and OpenSearch clusters, as well as designing various levels of automation and resiliency for our monitoring framework. This has culminated in us effectively indexing, parsing and storing >200GB of logging and monitoring data per day.
INFN Cloud Users and Projects Support, Training and Communication
Authors: Sinisi Francesco , Alkhansa Ahmad , Costantini Alessandro , Duma Cristina , Fanzago Federica , Lattanzio Daniele , Pascolini Alessandro , Stalio Stefano , Giorgio Emidio , Pellegrino Carmelo , Salomoni Davide 
Published: May 2024

Having a long tradition in state-of-the-art distributed IT technologies, in the last couple of years INFN made available to its users “INFN Cloud”: a cloud infrastructure and related services portfolio dedicated to the scientific communities supported by INFN.
Given the distributed nature of the infrastructure as well as the considerable number of technical solutions provided to the INFN users, it is important to have a reliable user support service aimed to properly interact both with INFN Cloud users and administrators.
As an added value, proper training activities have been defined and differentiated to different types of users and the training courses are integrated with a rich set of user guides and technical documentation.
In this article, an overview of the INFN Cloud, its evolution to DataCloud project, and the support and training activities will be provided and presented.
The SMARTHEP European Training Network
Authors: Gooding James Andrew , Bozianu Leon , Cocha Toapaxi Carlos , Jawahar Pratik , Olocco Micol 
Published: May 2024

Synergies between MAchine learning, Real-Time analysis and Hybrid architectures for efficient Event Processing and decision-making (SMARTHEP) is a European Training Network, training a new generation of Early Stage Researchers (ESRs) to advance real-time decision-making, driving data-collection and analysis towards synonymity.
SMARTHEP brings together scientists from major LHC collaborations at the frontiers of real-time analysis (RTA) and key specialists from computer science and industry. By solving concrete problems as a community, SMARTHEP will further the adoption of RTA techniques, enabling future High Energy Physics (HEP) discoveries and generating impact in industry.
ESRs will contribute to European growth, leveraging their hands-on experience in machine learning and accelerators towards commercial deliverables in fields that can profit most from RTA, e.g., transport, manufacturing, and finance.
This contribution presents the training and outreach plan for the network, and is intended as an opportunity for further collaboration and feedback from the CHEP community.
Use of Anomaly Detection algorithms to unveil new physics in Vector Boson Scattering
Authors: Lavizzari Giulia , Boldrini Giacomo , Gennai Simone , Govoni Pietro 
Published: May 2024

A new methodology to improve the sensitivity to new physics contributions to the Standard Model processes at LHC is presented.
A Variational AutoEncoder trained on Standard Model processes is used to identify Effective Field Theory contributions as anomalies. While the output of the model is supposed to be very similar to the inputs for Standard Model events, it is expected to deviate significantly for events generated through new physics processes. The reconstruction loss can then be used to select a signal enriched region which is by construction independent of the nature of the chosen new physics process. In order to improve further the discrimination power, an adversarial layer is introduced with a cross entropy term added to the loss function, optimizing at the same time the reconstruction of the input variables of the Standard Model and classification of new physics processes. This procedure ensures that the model is optimized for discrimination, with a small price in terms of model dependency to physics process.
In this work I will discuss in detail the above-mentioned method using generator level Vector Boson Scattering events produced at LHC assuming an integrated luminosity of 350/fb.
Robots, firm relocation, and air pollution: unveiling the unintended spatial spillover effects of emerging technology
Authors: Wang Yanying , Wu Qingyang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmidst the global upsurge in industrial robot deployment, there remains a notable gap in our understanding of their environmental impact. This paper explores how the introduction of industrial robots has changed air quality at both the local and neighborhood levels in China. Using the Spatial Durbin Model, we investigate the regional spillovers of PM 2.5 concentration and the diffusion of this innovative technology. Our findings reveal that the rise of robots significantly reduces air pollution in the local area, while exacerbating it in neighboring regions. This contrast is mainly because pollution-intensive industries are more inclined to relocate to neighboring regions than their cleaner counterparts, after the local use of robots increases. Throughout the process, internal costs rather than external costs dominate firms’ relocation decisions. This study provides novel insights into the complex environmental externalities associated with the spread of industrial robots and highlights the critical issue of growing environmental inequality in the era of emerging technologies.
Prosodic features of polite speech
Authors: Brown Lucien , Oh Grace Eunhae , Idemaru Kaori 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper uses interactional data to investigate the acoustic characteristics of polite or deferential speech in
Korean. We asked fourteen Korean speakers to perform two tasks with two different interlocutors: a status superior and a friend.
Consistent with previous studies of non-interactional data, deferential speech has lower pitch and shimmer, and quieter final
syllables. However, divergent from previous studies, deferential speech featured higher jitter (in some locations), higher shimmer
and higher H1-H2 (on one task). Through analysis of different locations in prosodic structure, we found that females used more
pitch variation on final syllables in deferential speech. We argue that these mixed results show the importance of context in
signalling vocal politeness, and also complexities of using interactional data. The findings advance the study of multimodal
politeness beyond the analysis of experimental data.
Inflection class interactions and valency changes in Matlatzinca
Authors: Palancar Enrique L. , Carranza Martínez Leonardo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we explore how changes in the inflection class membership of verbs in Matlatzinca (Oto-Pamean, Oto-Manguean, Mexico) lead to changes in both their valency and meaning. In Matlatzinca, verbs often exhibit multiple class membership so that a given verb may be inflected as transitive in one class but as intransitive in another. For instance, the verb chun+ta, when inflected in different classes, can encompass diverse meanings: the action of ‘waking someone up’; the result state of ‘being awake’; and the spontaneous event of ‘waking up’. This linguistic phenomenon is intriguing from both a typological and a theoretical perspective as it challenges our understanding of lexical representation by prompting the question of whether these meanings represent distinct lexical entries or various construals of the same verb (Spencer 2013).
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in adults over 80 years: a 10-year review of United Kingdom surveillance
Authors: McDermott Eugene Ace , Watson Neil , Tam Johnny , Centola John , Kurucu King Hatice , Mackenzie Jan , Summers David , Green Alison , Barria Marcelo A , Smith Colin , Pal Suvankar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease with public health implications. Mean age of onset is 68 years. Age-specific incidence declines after 80 years. This may arise from under-ascertainment or other biological features of the disease. Accurate characterisation of late-onset sCJD is important for early diagnosis, avoiding unnecessary investigations and improving ascertainment for public health purposes.

Objective
To phenotype the clinical features and investigation profile of sCJD in adults &gt;80 years.

Methods
We analysed all probable and definite sCJD cases identified by the UK National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit over a 10-year period (2011–2021). Individuals were grouped by age of onset. Clinical features and investigation profiles were compared.

Results
10.3% (123/1196) had an age of onset over 80. Median survival was shorter (3.2 vs 4.3 months; P &lt; 0.001). Pyramidal signs (48.3% vs 34.2%; P = 0.008) and akinetic mutism (55.1% vs 33.2%; P &lt; 0.001) were more frequent. Psychiatric symptoms (26.3% vs 39.6%; P = 0.01) and cerebellar signs (65.4% vs 78.6%, P = 0.007) were less frequent. Cognitive impairment and myoclonus were highly prevalent regardless of age. Between age groups, the diagnostic sensitivity of cerebrospinal fluid real-time quaking-induced conversion (CSF RT-QuIC) (92.9% vs 91.9%, P = 0.74) was comparable, electroencephalography was superior (41.5% vs 25.4%; P = 0.006) and MRI was inferior (67.8% vs 91.4%; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Late-onset sCJD has distinct clinical features, shorter survival and a different profile of investigation sensitivity. CSF RT-QuIC, MRI brain and specialist CJD review is recommended in older adults with a rapidly progressive neurological disorder. Autopsy is valuable when the cause remains elusive.
Sarcopenia prevalence using handgrip strength or chair stand performance in adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Belfield Archie E , Wilkinson Thomas J , Henson Joseph , Sargeant Jack A , Breen Leigh , Hall Andrew P , Davies Melanie J , Yates Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The updated European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) recommends handgrip strength (HGS) and the chair stand test (CST) to assess muscle strength, with the CST being a convenient proxy for lower limb strength. However, adiposity may differentially influence these strength criteria and produce discrepant sarcopenia prevalence.

Objective
To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia using HGS or the CST, and to investigate the associations between these strength criteria and adiposity in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods
The EWGSOP2 definition was used to assess the prevalence of probable (low muscle strength), confirmed (plus low muscle mass) and severe (plus poor physical performance) sarcopenia. Linear regression models were used to study the association between different measures of muscle strength and adiposity.

Results
We used data from 732 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (35.7% female, aged 64 ± 8 years, body mass index 30.7 ± 5.0 kg/m2). Using the CST compared with HGS produced a higher prevalence of probable (31.7% vs. 7.1%), confirmed (5.6% vs. 1.6%) and severe (1.0% vs. 0.3%) sarcopenia, with poor agreement between strength criteria to identify probable sarcopenia. CST performance, but not HGS, was significantly associated with all measures of adiposity in unadjusted and adjusted models.

Conclusions
Higher levels of adiposity may impact CST performance, but not HGS, resulting in a higher prevalence of sarcopenia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Consideration should be paid to the most appropriate measure of muscle function in this population.
How do primary care clinicians approach the management of frailty? A qualitative interview study
Authors: Seeley Anna , Glogowska Margaret , Hayward Gail 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Around 15% of adults aged over 65 live with moderate or severe frailty. Contractual requirements for management of frailty are minimal and neither incentivised nor reinforced. Previous research has shown frailty identification in primary care is ad hoc and opportunistic, but there has been little focus on the challenges of frailty management, particularly within the context of recent introduction of primary care networks and an expanding allied health professional workforce.

Aim
Explore the views of primary care clinicians in England on the management of frailty.

Design and setting
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians across England, including general practitioners (GPs), physician associates, nurse practitioners, paramedics and clinical pharmacists. Thematic analysis was facilitated through NVivo (Version 12).

Results
A total of 31 clinicians participated. Frailty management was viewed as complex and outside of clinical guidelines with medication optimisation highlighted as a key example. Senior clinicians, particularly experienced GPs, were more comfortable with managing risk. Relational care was important in prioritising patient wishes and autonomy, for instance to remain at home despite deteriorations in health. In settings where more formalised multidisciplinary frailty services had been established this was viewed as successful by clinicians involved.

Conclusion
Primary care clinicians perceive frailty as best managed through trusted relationships with patients, and with support from experienced clinicians. New multidisciplinary working in primary care could enhance frailty services, but must keep continuity in mind. There is a lack of evidence or guidance for specific interventions or management approaches.