bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arbuscule‐containing and non‐colonized cortical cells of mycorrhizal roots undergo extensive and specific reprogramming during arbuscular mycorrhizal development
Authors: Gaude Nicole , Bortfeld Silvia , Duensing Nina , Lohse Marc , Krajinski Franziska 
Published: October 2011

SummaryMost vascular plants form a mutualistic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, known as AM symbiosis. The development of AM symbiosis is an asynchronous process, and mycorrhizal roots therefore typically contain several symbiotic structures and various cell types. Hence, the use of whole‐plant organs for downstream analyses can mask cell‐specific variations in gene expression. To obtain insight into cell‐specific reprogramming during AM symbiosis, comparative analyses of various cell types were performed using laser capture microdissection combined with microarray hybridization. Remarkably, the most prominent transcriptome changes were observed in non‐arbuscule‐containing cells of mycorrhizal roots, indicating a drastic reprogramming of these cells during root colonization that may be related to subsequent fungal colonization. A high proportion of transcripts regulated in arbuscule‐containing cells and non‐arbuscule‐containing cells encode proteins involved in transport processes, transcriptional regulation and lipid metabolism, indicating that reprogramming of these processes is of particular importance for AM symbiosis.
Evolution of the genetic variability of eight French dairy cattle breeds assessed by pedigree analysis
Authors: Danchin‐Burge C. , Leroy G. , Brochard M. , Moureaux S. , Verrier E. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryA pedigree analysis was performed on eight French dairy cattle breeds to assess their change in genetic variability since a first analysis completed in 1996. The Holstein, Normande and Montbéliarde breeds are selected internationally with over hundreds of thousands cows registered in the performance recording system. Three breeds are internationally selected but with limited numbers of cows in France (Brown Swiss, French Simmental and French Red Pied). The last two remaining breeds (Abondance and Tarentaise) are raised at regional level. The effective numbers of ancestors of cows born between 2004 and 2007 varied between 15 (Abondance and Tarentaise) and 51 (French Red Pied). The effective population sizes (classical approach) varied between 53 (Abondance) and 197 (French Red Pied). This article also compares the genetic variability of the ex situ (collections of the French National Cryobank) and in situ populations. The results were commented in regard to the recent history of gene flows in the different breeds as well as the existence of more or less stringent bottlenecks. Our results showed that whatever the size of the breeds, their genetic diversity impoverished quite rapidly since 1996 and they all could be considered as quite poor from a genetic diversity point of view. It shows the need for setting up cryobanks as gene reservoirs as well as sustainable breeding programmes that include loss of genetic diversity as an integrated control parameter.
Effects of fire and water availability on the emergence and recruitment of grasses, forbs and woody species in a semiarid Chaco savanna
Authors: CASILLO JOAQUÍN , KUNST CARLOS , SEMMARTIN MARÍA 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn the semiarid Chaco savannas, the balance between herbaceous and woody species affects landscape configuration and ecosystem services such as forage production. Therefore, understanding the factors that control this balance is crucial for management. In a factorial experiment, we assessed the effects of fire and water availability on the emergence and recruitment of grasses, forbs and woody species. The results showed that the effects of fire and water availability on early regeneration stages differed among the three functional groups. For grasses, fire and water addition enhanced emergence when acted solely, but only the positive effects of fire were translated into a greater recruitment, irrespective of the water availability. For forbs, only water addition, when acted solely, promoted the emergence, although this effect was not translated into a greater recruitment. Lastly, in the case of woody species, both fire and water addition reduced emergence and recruitment. Our results support the notion that both fire and greater water availability would contribute to the maintenance and recovery of a grass‐dominated state of vegetation through a positive effect of fire on grasses recruitment and a general negative effect of fire and water on woody species emergence and recruitment.
Metformin‐associated lactic acidosis following acute kidney injury. Efficacious treatment with continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Dichtwald S. , Weinbroum A. A. , Sorkine P. , Ekstein M. P. , Dahan E. 
Published: October 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 245–250 (2012)AbstractIntroduction  Metformin is a biguanide anti‐hyperglycaemic drug. Metformin‐associated lactic acidosis may sometimes be life‐threatening. Continuous renal replacement therapy has been suggested as a method for resolving this extremely dangerous metabolic state. We describe the history of six patients admitted to the intensive care unit over a 28‐month period in pre‐shock conditions because of severe lactic acidosis, attributed to metformin‐associated lactic acidosis, and successfully treated.Methods  We reviewed the charts of six patients admitted to our intensive care unit between January 2008 and May 2010. After initial assessment, all patients were treated with continuous renal replacement therapy. Admission serum lactate and creatinine levels, pH, need for ventilatory and cardiovascular support, as well as continuous renal replacement therapy details and length of stay were reviewed.Results  Admission pH levels of the six patients ranged between pH 6.63 and 7.0 and their serum lactate levels ranged between 12 and 27 mmol/l; the estimated creatinine clearance ranged between 6 and 24 ml min−1 1.73 m−2. All patients required vasoactive support and five required ventilatory support. Lactate levels decreased to near zero with continuous renal replacement therapy within 7–19 h in five of the patients whose intensive care unit length of stay ranged between 1 and 5 days. One patient’s length of stay reached 11 days because of pneumonia, one died from multi‐organ failure and another suffered permanent neurological damage following prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation before continuous renal replacement therapy was administered. All other patients recovered without sequellae.Conclusions  Accurate recognition of metformin‐associated lactic acidosis and prompt initiation of haemodialysis are paramount steps towards rapid recovery. Large series reports and controlled studies may better determine the optimal duration and best dialysis technique in these patients.
Physical exercise performed before bedtime improves the sleep pattern of healthy young good sleepers
Authors: Flausino Noler Heyden , Da Silva Prado Juliana Martuscelli , de Queiroz Sandra Souza , Tufik Sergio , de Mello Marco Túlio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTo investigate the influence of different intensities and durations of exercise before bedtime on the sleep pattern and core body temperature of individuals considered good sleepers, we selected 17 healthy males and all underwent 5 nonconsecutive days of study. Measurements of polysomnographic parameters and core body temperature were taken at baseline and after each experimental protocol, performed at night. We found increased sleep efficiency (p = .016) among all protocols compared with baseline data and increase in REM sleep latency (p = .047) between two experiments; there was decrease in the percentage of stage 1 sleep (p = .046) and wake after sleep onset (p = .003). Core body temperature did not change significantly during the nights following exercise. Exercise performed before sleep does not impair sleep quality; rather, its practice improves sleep in good sleepers who are nonathletes, and may be considered to improve sleep pattern.
Post‐Earnings Announcement Drift: Bounds on Profitability for the Marginal Investor
Authors: Battalio Robert H. , Mendenhall Richard R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe persistence of the post‐earnings announcement drift (PEAD) leads many to believe that trading barriers prevent investors from eliminating it. We examine two factors that have not been adequately addressed by the literature: the exact timing of earnings announcements and liquidity costs. Under a wide range of timing and cost assumptions, our results leave little doubt that over our sample period the PEAD was highly profitable after trading costs. An additional incremental investor could have earned hedged‐portfolio returns of at least 14% per year after trading costs. Over our sample period, investors did indeed leave money on the table.
Mycorrhizal‐mediated nitrogen acquisition in switchgrass under elevated temperatures and N enrichment
Authors: Schroeder‐Moreno Michelle S. , Greaver Tara L. , Wang Shuxin , Hu Shujin , Rufty Thomas W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can perform key roles in ecosystem functioning through improving host nutrient acquisition. Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth, however, anthropogenic N loading (e.g. crop fertilization and deposition from combustion sources) is increasing so that N now threatens ecosystem sustainability around the world by causing terrestrial and aquatic eutrophication and acidification. It is important to better understand the capacity of AMF to directly uptake N from soils and transfer it to host plants because this process may increase N recycling and retention within ecosystems. In addition to understanding the role of AMF in the N cycle in the present day it is important to understand how AMF function may change as global change proceeds. Currently the net effects of N enrichment and elevated temperature predicted with global change on AMF are unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of N enrichment by simulated N‐deposition loading, elevated temperatures expected by future global changes and their interactions on growth and AMF‐mediated N acquisition of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum var. Alamo), an important species for biofuel production. Switchgrass plants were grown in microcosm units that divided mycorrhizal roots from AMF hyphae and organic residues enriched with 15N by compartments separated by an air gap to reduce N diffusion. While AMF did not enhance switchgrass biomass, mycorrhizas significantly increased 15N in shoots and total shoot N. Neither N enrichment nor elevated temperatures influenced this mycorrhizal‐mediated N uptake and transfer. Results from this study can aid in developing sustainable bioethanol and switchgrass production practices that are less reliant on synthetic fertilizers and more dependent on internal N recycling from AMF.
Phase I Study Evaluating the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of MDX-1303, a Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody against Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen, in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Riddle Valerie , Leese Phillip , Blanset Diann , Adamcio Melany , Meldorf Matthew , Lowy Israel 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

MDX-1303 (Valortim) is a fully human monoclonal antibody (hMAb) with a high affinity for
Bacillus anthracis
protective antigen (PA). MDX-1303 binds to PA and interferes with the activity of the anthrax toxin; it was selected based on its superior functional activity in the toxin neutralization activity (TNA) assay. MDX-1303 has demonstrated efficacy in the postexposure and therapeutic settings in New Zealand White rabbits, cynomolgus monkeys, and African green monkeys. This phase I study sought to characterize the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) of MDX-1303 in healthy human subjects. Cohorts of 3 to 10 subjects were administered MDX-1303 as either a single intravenous (i.v.) dose at dose levels of 0.3, 1, 3, 10, and 20 mg/kg of body weight or as a single intramuscular (i.m.) dose at 100 mg. Forty-six subjects were enrolled, and 16 (35%) of these subjects experienced one or more grade 1 adverse events considered to be related to treatment with MDX-1303. There were no grade 2 to 4 adverse events or serious adverse events (SAEs) considered to be related to treatment. The mean half-life of MDX-1303 ranged from 22 to 33 days across the i.v. administration cohorts and was approximately 32 days following i.m. administration. Systemic exposure following 100-mg i.m. administration was within the range of exposure following 1-mg/kg i.v. administration with a relative bioavailability of approximately 65%. MDX-1303 was generally well tolerated, and no anti-MDX-1303 antibodies were detected following a single dose.
Improved Antimicrobial Host Defense in Mice following Poly-(1,6)-β-
d
-Glucopyranosyl-(1,3)-β-
d
-Glucopyranose Glucan Treatment by a Gender-Dependent Immune Mechanism
Authors: Newsome Courtni T. , Flores Estefany , Ayala Alfred , Gregory Stephen , Reichner Jonathan S. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Clinical trials with biological modifiers targeting specific inflammatory mediators associated with severe sepsis have shown no or limited survival benefit. The approach taken in studies reported here was to limit the point source of intra-abdominal infection by potentiating innate immune function, thereby lessening the severity of sepsis and improving survival. Soluble beta-glucans, glucose polymers of the fungal cell wall, have been shown to stimulate innate immune host defense in animal and human studies when administered prior to an infectious challenge. We evaluated the effects of poly-(1,6)-β-
d
-glucopyranosyl-(1,3)-β-
d
-glucopyranose glucan (PGG glucan) on overall survival when administered intraperitoneally after the onset of polymicrobial infection by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Since gender-dependent differences in host immune response to infection have been reported, male and female mice were prospectively stratified for PGG glucan treatment. Outbred CD-1 mice were administered 10 mg/kg of body weight PGG glucan or the polysaccharide control, dextran, 1 h after CLP. Six hours after CLP, blood samples were obtained for cytokine measurements. Surprisingly, a gender-dependent effect on the response to PGG glucan was revealed. PGG glucan enhanced survival in female mice over a 10-day period, but survival in males was improved for only 24 h. In female mice, PGG glucan reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 levels and reduced the bacterial burden in the liver. Ovariectomy abrogated the response to PGG glucan. Together, the translational potential of these findings is the indicated use of PGG glucan given locally, rather than intravenously, for improved source control during the management of sepsis. This therapy does not require prophylactic beta-glucan administration.
Plasma Antibody Profiles as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Tuberculosis
Authors: Khan Imran H. , Ravindran Resmi , Krishnan Viswanathan V. , Awan Irum Nawaz , Rizvi Syed Kumail , Saqib Muhammad Arif , Shahzad Mirza Imran , Tahseen Sabira , Ireton Greg , Goulding Celia W. , Felgner Phil , DeRiemer Kathy , Khanum Azra , Luciw Paul A. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Two billion people are infected with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), worldwide. Ten million to 20 million of the infected individuals develop disease per year. TB is a treatable disease, provided that it is diagnosed in a timely manner. The current TB diagnostic methods are subjective, inefficient, or not cost-effective. Antibody-based blood tests can be used efficiently and cost-effectively for TB diagnosis. A major challenge is that different TB patients generate antibodies against different antigens. Therefore, a multiplex immunoassay approach is needed. We have developed a multiplex panel of 28
M. tuberculosis
antigen-coated microbeads. Plasma samples were obtained from over 300 pulmonary TB patients and healthy controls in a country where TB is endemic, Pakistan. Multiplex data were analyzed using computational tools by multivariate statistics, classification algorithms, and cluster analysis. The results of antibody profile-based detection, using 16 selected antigens, closely correlated with those of the sputum-based diagnostic methods (smear microscopy and culture) practiced in countries where TB is endemic. Multiplex microbead immunoassay had a sensitivity and specificity of approximately 90% and 80%, respectively. These antibody profiles could potentially be useful for the diagnosis of nonpulmonary TB, which accounts for approximately 20% of cases of disease. Since an automated, high-throughput version of this multiplex microbead immunoassay could analyze thousands of samples per day, it may be useful for the diagnosis of TB in millions of patients worldwide.
Molecular Detection and Species-Specific Identification of Medically Important Aspergillus Species by Real-Time PCR in Experimental Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Walsh Thomas J. , Wissel Mark C. , Grantham Kevin J. , Petraitiene Ruta , Petraitis Vidmantas , Kasai Miki , Francesconi Andrea , Cotton Margaret P. , Hughes Johanna E. , Greene Lora , Bacher John D. , Manna Pradip , Salomoni Martin , Kleiboeker Steven B. , Reddy Sushruth K. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) remains a major challenge to clinical microbiology laboratories. We developed rapid and sensitive quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for genus- and species-specific identification of
Aspergillus
infections by use of TaqMan technology. In order to validate these assays and understand their potential diagnostic utility, we then performed a blinded study of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid specimens from well-characterized models of IPA with the four medically important species. A set of real-time qPCR primers and probes was developed by utilizing unique ITS1 regions for genus- and species-specific detection of the four most common medically important
Aspergillus
species (
Aspergillus fumigatus
,
A. flavus
,
A. niger
, and
A. terreus
). Pan-
Aspergillus
and species-specific qPCRs with BAL fluid were more sensitive than culture for detection of IPA caused by
A. fumigatus
in untreated (
P
< 0.0007) and treated (
P
≤ 0.008) animals, respectively. For infections caused by
A. terreus
and
A. niger
, culture and PCR amplification from BAL fluid yielded similar sensitivities for untreated and treated animals. Pan-
Aspergillus
PCR was more sensitive than culture for detection of
A. flavus
in treated animals (
P
= 0.002). BAL fluid pan-
Aspergillus
and species-specific PCRs were comparable in sensitivity to BAL fluid galactomannan (GM) assay. The copy numbers from the qPCR assays correlated with quantitative cultures to determine the pulmonary residual fungal burdens in lung tissue. Pan-
Aspergillus
and species-specific qPCR assays may improve the rapid and accurate identification of IPA in immunocompromised patients.
Indications that Live Poultry Markets Are a Major Source of Human H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection in China
Authors: Wan Xiu-Feng , Dong Libo , Lan Yu , Long Li-Ping , Xu Cuiling , Zou Shumei , Li Zi , Wen Leying , Cai Zhipeng , Wang Wei , Li Xiaodan , Yuan Fan , Sui Hongtao , Zhang Ye , Dong Jie , Sun Shanhua , Gao Yan , Wang Min , Bai Tian , Yang Lei , Li Dexin , Yang Weizhong , Yu Hongjie , Wang Shiwen , Feng Zijian , Wang Yu , Guo Yuanji , Webby Richard J. , Shu Yuelong 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
Human infections of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus have continued to occur in China without corresponding outbreaks in poultry, and there is little conclusive evidence of the source of these infections. Seeking to identify the source of the human infections, we sequenced 31 H5N1 viruses isolated from humans in China (2005 to 2010). We found a number of viral genotypes, not all of which have similar known avian virus counterparts. Guided by patient questionnaire data, we also obtained environmental samples from live poultry markets and dwellings frequented by six individuals prior to disease onset (2008 and 2009). H5N1 viruses were isolated from 4 of the 6 live poultry markets sampled. In each case, the genetic sequences of the environmental and corresponding human isolates were highly similar, demonstrating a link between human infection and live poultry markets. Therefore, infection control measures in live poultry markets are likely to reduce human H5N1 infection in China.
The Cargo-Binding Domain of Transportin 3 Is Required for Lentivirus Nuclear Import
Authors: Logue Eric C. , Taylor Kayleigh T. , Goff Peter H. , Landau Nathaniel R. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Lentiviruses, unlike the gammaretroviruses, are able to infect nondividing cells by transiting through nuclear pores to access the host genomic DNA. Several nuclear import and nuclear pore components have been implicated as playing a role in nuclear import, including transportin 3 (TNPO3), a member of the importin-β family of nuclear import proteins. We demonstrated that TNPO3 was required by several lentiviruses, with simian immunodeficiency virus mac239 (SIVmac239) and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) the most dependent and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) the least. Analysis of HIV-1/SIVmac239 chimeric viruses showed that dependence on TNPO3 mapped to the SIVmac239 capsid. Mutation of a single amino acid, A76V in the SIVmac239 capsid, rendered the virus TNPO3 independent and resistant to mCPSF6-358, a truncated splicing factor that prevents HIV-1 nuclear import. Using a complementation assay based on 293T cells that express a TNPO3-targeted short hairpin RNA (shRNA), we showed that the
Drosophila
TNPO3 homologue can substitute for its human counterpart and that it mapped a key functional domain of TNPO3 to the carboxy-terminal cargo-binding domain. Within the cargo-binding domain, two hydrophobic motifs were required for TNPO3-dependent infection. The mutated TNPO3 proteins maintained their ability to localize to the nucleus, suggesting that their inability to restore lentivirus infection resulted from an inability to bind to a host or viral cargo protein.
ISG56 and IFITM1 Proteins Inhibit Hepatitis C Virus Replication
Authors: Raychoudhuri Amit , Shrivastava Shubham , Steele Robert , Kim Hangeun , Ray Ranjit , Ray Ratna B. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) often leads to persistent infection. Interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) are amplified during HCV infection but fail to eliminate virus from the liver in a large number of infected patients. We have observed previously that HCV infection induces IFN-β production in immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH) as early as 24 h after infection, although virus replication is not inhibited. To gain insights on possible countermeasures of virus for the suppression of host antiviral response, the cellular transcriptional profiles of ISGs were examined after various treatments of IHH. The majority of ISGs were upregulated in IFN-treated IHH from the level for mock-treated cells. However, the comparison of ISG expression in IFN-treated IHH and IFN-pretreated, HCV genotype 2a-infected IHH indicated that virus infection suppresses the upregulation of a subset of effector molecules, including ISG56 and IFITM1. Similar results were observed for HCV-infected Huh7 cells. Subsequent study suggested that the exogenous expression of ISG56 or IFITM1 inhibits HCV replication in IHH or Huh7 cells, and the knockdown of these genes enhanced HCV replication. Further characterization revealed that the overexpression of these ISGs does not block HCV pseudotype entry into Huh7 cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that ISG56 and IFITM1 serve as important molecules to restrict HCV infection, and they may have implications in the development of therapeutic modalities.