bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEALING WITH SEDIMENTATION ISSUES IN SPATE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Embaye T. G. , Beevers L. , Mehari Haile A. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTWith growing water variability and scarcity in Africa a reality, a renewed interest in spate irrigation systems, which harness water in ephemeral environments, has emerged. Spate irrigation is seen as practical solution to supplement food production and improve food security in areas where water supply is scarce or highly variable. The political will in support of the system is evident in countries like Ethiopia, where significant investment is currently underway to upgrade the system.While the potential exists, the actual contribution of spate irrigation systems to food security has, so far, not been significant. One of the major reasons is the very high sedimentation rates of canals and irrigated fields. In spate irrigation systems sediment is a double‐edged sword. Fine sediment brings fertility and makes it possible to build up well‐structured soils, while on the other hand coarser sediment reduces spate flow diversion efficiency, raises the bed level and removes fields from the irrigation command. As is the case in several other countries, the spate irrigation systems in Ethiopia that were modernized through conventional civil engineering practices, lack effective technical and operational measures that maximize the benefits of sediments. To address this particular problem, a study was conducted in the Fokisa Spate Irrigation System in Ethiopia. The study employed field observations and simulations with various one‐dimensional hydraulic models. Primarily based on the study, but also drawing from experience in other spate irrigation systems, this paper analyses the effectiveness of settling basins and canal designs with non‐uniform cross sections and varying slopes. The results indicate that settling basins are not an optimal alternative and that designing canals with non‐uniform sections and slope leads to better performance. It is concluded that the former are not applicable in spate systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical diagnostic test of stress conditions of aquatic organisms
Authors: Axenov‐Gribanov Denis V. , Gurkov Anton N. , Shakhtanova Nadezhda S. , Bedulina Daria S. , Timofeyev Maxim A. , Meglinski Igor 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGlobal climate change has become a dire reality and its impact is expected to rise dramatically in the near future. Combined with the day‐to‐day human activities the climatic changes heavily affect the environment. In particular, a global temperature increase accompanied by a number of anthropogenic chemicals falling within the freshwater ecosystem results in a dramatic enhancement of the overall stress for most aquatic organisms. This leads to a significant shift in the species inventory and potential breakdown of the water ecosystem with severe consequences for local economies and water supply. In order to understand and predict the influence of climatic changes on the physiological and biochemical processes that take place in living aquatic organisms we explore the application of optical spectroscopy for monitoring and quantitative assessment of antioxidant enzymes activity in benthic amphipods of Lake Baikal. We demonstrate that the changes of the enzymes activity in Baikal amphipods undergoing thermal and/or hypoxia stress can be observed and documented by UV and optical spectroscopy both in vivo and in vitro. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Intraperitoneal adhesions—an ongoing challenge between biomedical engineering and the life sciences
Authors: Brochhausen Christoph , Schmitt Volker H. , Rajab Taufiek K. , Planck Constanze N. E. , Krämer Bernhard , Wallwiener Markus , Hierlemann Helmut , Kirkpatrick C. James 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPeritoneal adhesions remain a relevant clinical problem despite the currently available prophylactic barrier materials. So far, the physical separation of traumatized serosa areas using barriers represents the most important clinical strategy for adhesion prevention. However, the optimal material has not yet been found. Further optimization or pharmacological functionalization of these barriers could give an innovative input for peritoneal adhesion prevention. Therefore, a more complete understanding of pathogenesis is required. On the basis of the pathophysiology of adhesion formation the main barriers currently in clinical practice as well as new innovations are discussed in the present review. Physiologically, mesothelial cells play a decisive role in providing a frictionless gliding surface on the serosa. Adhesion formation results from a cascade of events and is regulated by a variety of cellular and humoral factors. The main clinically applied strategy for adhesion prevention is based on the use of liquid or solid adhesion barriers to separate physically any denuded tissue. Both animal and human trials have not yet been able to identify the optimal barrier to prevent adhesion formation in a sustainable way. Therefore, further developments are required for effective prevention of postoperative adhesion formation. To reach this goal the combination of structural modification and pharmacological functionalization of barrier materials should be addressed. Achieving this aim requires the interaction between basic research, materials science and clinical expertise. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Degradation, cytotoxicity, and biocompatibility of NIPAAm‐based thermosensitive, injectable, and bioresorbable polymer hydrogels
Authors: Cui Zhanwu , Lee Bae Hoon , Pauken Christine , Vernon Brent L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA thermosensitive, injectable, and bioresorbable polymer hydrogel, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐dimethyl‐γ‐butyrolactone acrylate‐co‐acrylic acid) [poly(NDBA)], was synthesized by radical copolymerization with 7.00 mol % dimethyl‐γ‐butyrolactone acrylate in tetrahydrofuran. The chemical composition was determined by acid titration in conjunction with 1H NMR quantification. The molecular weight and polydispersity were determined by gel permeation chromatography in conjunction with static light scattering. The degradation properties of the polymer hydrogel were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, percentage mass loss, cloud point test, and swelling ratio over time. It was found that the initial lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer is between room temperature and body temperature and that it takes about 2 weeks for the LCST to surpass body temperature under physiological conditions. An indirect cytotoxicity test indicated that this copolymer has relatively low cytotoxicity as seen with 3T3 fibroblast cells. The in vivo‐gelation and degradation study showed good agreement with in vitro‐degradation findings, and no detrimental effects to adjacent tissues were observed after the complete dissolution of the polymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Development of bioactive photocrosslinkable fibrous hydrogels
Authors: Stephens‐Altus J. S. , Sundelacruz P. , Rowland M. L. , West J. L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) fibrous hydrogels were fabricated by blending two photoactive polymers, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and the resulting solution was electrospun. PEGDA is a commonly used hydrogel material for tissue engineering applications since its interaction with cells can be tuned by crosslinking in a variety of bioactive molecules including peptides and proteins. The PVA in these materials aids in fiber formation and stabilizes the fibrous network when hydrated. The average dry fiber diameter in the hydrogels was 1.02 μm and upon swelling, the fiber diameter increased approximately six‐fold. Fibers were stable under cell culture conditions for up to 5 days. The adhesive ligand, RGDS, was readily incorporated into the fibrous network via the conjugation of RGDS to PEG‐monoacrylate which was then crosslinked with the fibers. The bioactivity of the fibrous hydrogels was compared with peptide‐modified PEGDA‐based hydrogels. The two hydrogel materials had similar cell adhesion and viability. Cell morphology on the fibrous hydrogels was dendritic showing a more in vivo like representation, as compared to spread cell morphology on the PEGDA gels. The ability to generate 3D fibrous architectures in hydrogel systems opens up new areas of investigation in cell‐material interactions and tissue formation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
The ionic products of bioactive glass particle dissolution enhance periodontal ligament fibroblast osteocalcin expression and enhance early mineralized tissue development
Authors: Varanasi Venu G. , Owyoung Jeremy B. , Saiz Eduardo , Marshall Sally J. , Marshall Grayson W. , Loomer Peter M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study resulted in enhanced collagen type 1 and osteocalcin expression in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLF) when exposed to bioactive glass conditioned media that subsequently may promote early mineralized tissue development. Commercial Bioglass™ (45S5) and experimental bioactive coating glass (6P53‐b), were used to make a glass conditioned media (GCM) for comparison to control medium. ICP‐MS analysis showed increased concentrations of Ca2+, PO43−, Si4+, and Na+, for 45S5 GCM and Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, PO43−, Si4+, and Na+ for 6P53‐b GCM (relative to control medium). Differentiating hPDLF cultures exposed to 45S5 and 6P53‐b GCM showed enhanced expression of collagen type 1 (Col1α1, Col1α2), osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase gene expression. These GCM also enhanced osteocalcin protein expression. After 16 d of culture, 45S5 and 6P53‐b GCM treated cells showed regions of deep red Alizarin staining, indicating increased Ca within their respective extracellular matrices (ECM), while control‐treated cells did not exhibit these features. SEM analysis showed more developed ECM in GCM treated cultures, indicated by multiple tissue layering and abundant collagen fiber bundle formation, while control treated cells did not exhibit these features. SEM analysis showed polygonal structures suggestive of CaP in 45S5 GCM treated cultures. These results indicate the osteogenic potential of bioactive coating glass in periodontal bone defect filling applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
In situ forming poly(ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogels via thiol‐maleimide Michael‐type addition
Authors: Fu Yao , Kao Weiyuan John 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe incorporation of cells and sensitive compounds can be better facilitated without the presence of UV or other energy sources that are common in the formation of biomedical hydrogels such as poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. The formation of hydrogels by the step‐growth polymerization of maleimide‐ and thiol‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol) macromers via Michael‐type addition is described. The effects of macromer concentration, pH, temperature, and the presence of biomolecule gelatin on gel formation were investigated. Reaction kinetics between maleimide and thiol functional groups were found to be rapid. Molecular weight increase over time was characterized via gel permeation chromatography during step‐growth polymerization. Swelling and degradation results showed incorporating gelatin enhanced swelling and accelerated degradation. Increasing gelatin content resulted in the decreased storage modulus (G′). The in vitro release kinetics of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled dextran from the resulting matrices demonstrated the potential in the development of novel in situ gel‐forming drug delivery systems. Moreover, the resulting networks were minimally adhesive to primary human monocytes, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes thus providing an ideal platform for further biofunctionalizations to direct specific biological response. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Relationship between vitamin D status and bone mineralization, mass, and metabolism in children with osteogenesis imperfecta: Histomorphometric study
Authors: Edouard Thomas , Glorieux Francis H , Rauch Frank 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The effect of low vitamin D levels in children with bone fragility disorders has not been examined in detail. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between vitamin D status and parameters of skeletal mineralization, mass, and metabolism in a group of pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) patients. This retrospective study consisted of 71 patients with a diagnosis of OI type I, III, or IV (ages 1.4 to 17.5 years; 36 girls) who had not received bisphosphonate treatment before iliac bone biopsy. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels ranged from 13 to 103 nmol/L and were less than 50 nmol/L in 37 patients (52%). None of the OI patients had radiologic signs of rickets or fulfilled the histomorphometric criteria for the diagnosis of osteomalacia (ie, elevated results for both osteoid thickness and mineralization lag time). Serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with age and serum parathyroid hormone levels but were not correlated with any parameter of bone mineralization (ie, osteoid thickness, mineralization lag time, or bone-formation rate per bone surface) or bone mass (ie, lumbar spine areal bone mineral density, iliac bone volume per tissue volume, or iliac cortical width). We found no evidence that serum 25(OH)D levels in the range from 13 to 103 nmol/L were associated with measures of bone mineralization, metabolism, or mass in children with OI. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Inhibitory effect of thrombin on the expression of secretory group IIA phospholipase A2
Authors: Bae Jong‐Sup 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIt is well known that the expression level of secretory group IIA phospholipase A2 (sPLA2‐IIA) is elevated in inflammatory diseases and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) up‐regulates the expression of sPLA2‐IIA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Recently, lower concentration thrombin could elicit anti‐inflammatory responses in HUVECs. Here, the effects of lower concentration thrombin on the expression of sPLA2‐IIA in LPS‐stimulated HUVECs were investigated. Prior treatment of cells with thrombin (25–75 pM) inhibited LPS‐induced sPLA2‐IIA expression by activating its receptor, protease‐activated receptor‐1 (PAR‐1). And pretreatment of cells with either PI3‐kinase inhibitor (LY294002) or cholesterol depleting agent (methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, MβCD) abolished the inhibitory activity of thrombin against sPLA2‐IIA expression. Therefore, these results suggest that PAR‐1 activation by lower concentration thrombin inhibited LPS mediated expression of sPLA2‐IIA by PAR‐1 and PI3‐kinase‐dependent manner in lipid raft on the HUVECs. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2502–2507, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of HMG‐CoA reductase inhibition on oxidant‐induced injury in human retinal pigment epithelium cells
Authors: Qian Jinqiao , Keyes Kyle T. , Long Bo , Chen Guanglin , Ye Yumei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn addition to cholesterol‐lowering effect, HMG‐CoA reductase inhibition by statins has been shown to have protective effect in many cells type. The loss of vision in retinal degeneration disease associates with oxidative stress and apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell. This study was designed to examine the effect of statins on oxidant‐induced damage in human RPE cells. Cultured human ARPE‐19 (ARPE) cells were challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plus tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the presence or absence of statins or various stress signaling inhibitors, including anti‐oxidants N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC), the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI), and the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor SB203580. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL analysis and cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFH‐DA). Expression of p‐p38 MAPK protein was measured by Western blot analysis. Our findings indicate that statins treatment significantly suppressed oxidant‐induced ROS accumulation and RPE apoptosis. Statins increased cell viability in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, statins treatment prevented the activation of NADPH oxidase and p38 MAPK signaling induced by oxidative stress. These results suggest that statins protects ARPE cells from oxidative stress via an NADPH oxidase and/or p38 MAPK‐dependent mechanisms, which may contribute to statins‐induced beneficial effects on RPE function. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2480–2489, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
15‐lipoxygenase‐1 exerts its tumor suppressive role by inhibiting nuclear factor‐kappa B via activation of PPAR gamma
Authors: Cimen I. , Astarci E. , Banerjee S. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract15‐Lipoxygenase‐1 (15‐LOX‐1) is an enzyme of the inflammatory eicosanoid pathway whose expression is known to be lost in colorectal cancer (CRC). We have previously shown that reintroduction of the gene in CRC cell lines slows proliferation and induces apoptosis (Cimen et al. [2009] Cancer Sci 100: 2283–2291). We have hypothesized that 15‐LOX‐1 may be anti‐tumorigenic by the inhibition of the anti‐apoptotic inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B. We show here that ectopic expression of 15‐LOX‐1 gene in HCT‐116 and HT‐29 CRC cell lines inhibited the degradation of inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα), decreased nuclear translocation of p65 and p50, decreased DNA binding in the nucleus and decreased transcriptional activity of Nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB). As the 15‐LOX‐1 enzymatic product 13(S)‐HODE is known to be a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, and NF‐κB can be inhibited by PPARγ, we examined whether activation of PPARγ was necessary for the abrogation of NF‐κB activity. Our data show that the inhibition of both early and late stages of NF‐κB activation could rescued by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 indicating that the inhibition was most likely mediated via PPARγ. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 2490–2501, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The development of a brief acceptance and mindfulness‐based program aimed at reducing sexual revictimization among college women with a history of childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Hill Justin M. , Vernig Peter M. , Lee Jonathan K. , Brown Cynthia , Orsillo Susan M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWomen with a history of childhood sexual assault (CSA) are more likely to be revictimized; however, most existing programs aimed at reducing sexual victimization do not expressly address the issue of revictimization. The present study examined the efficacy of a brief mindfulness‐based program in reducing rates of sexual assault and revictimization in college women over the course of an academic semester. Although the results were not statistically significant, a large‐magnitude effect was noted, whereby women with a history of CSA who participated in the program were less likely to be sexually assaulted and raped at 2‐month follow‐up. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–12, 2011.
Renal venous doppler ultrasonography in normal subjects and patients with diabetic nephropathy: Value of venous impedance index measurements
Authors: Jeong Seok Hwan , Jung Dae Chul , Kim Sun Ho , Kim Seung Hyup 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives:To provide reference values of intrarenal venous impedance index (VII) measured with duplex Doppler ultrasonography in a healthy adult population and to assess the usefulness this index for evaluating the functional status of kidney in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods:Between May 2005 and December 2009, Doppler ultrasonography of both kidneys was performed in 164 healthy volunteers (controls) and 58 patients with DN. Renal interlobar and segmental vein Doppler waveforms and VII were obtained and compared between groups using the Student's t test. Correlation between VII and serum creatinine concentration (SCC) was calculated.Results:In controls, the mean VII was lower in interlobar than in segmental renal veins (p < 0.01), without difference between the right and left kidneys. Waveform modulation was dampened in DN patients whose mean VII (0.32 ± 0.18) was lower than in controls (0.38 ± 0.18) (p < 0.01). SCC showed moderate correlations (r = 0.65) with intrarenal VII in the patient group.Conclusions:Renal VII is typically lower in DN than in controls and moderately correlated with SCC, which reflects renal function in DN, but does not offer a significant advantage over arterial resistance index. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Interplay between glycogen synthase kinase‐3β and tau in the cerebellum of Hsp27 transgenic mouse
Authors: Wang Shan , Toth Melinda Erzsebet , Bereczki Erika , Santha Miklos , Guan Zhi‐Zhong , Winblad Bengt , Pei Jin‐Jing 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe association between heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) and hyperphosphorylated tau has gained attention for more than a decade, but it has never been explored in vivo. In the present study, we found that tau phosphorylated at S396/404 (PHF‐1) and S262 sites was significantly increased in the cerebellum of Hsp27 transgenic mice, which was concomitant with increased glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β) phosphorylated at Y216 and decreased GSK3β phosphorylated at S9. Neither 70‐kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K; total p70S6K, p70S6K at T389, and p70S6K at T421/S424) nor protein phosphatase PP2A (total PP2A, PP2A at Y307, methylated or demethylated PP2A) was changed. This suggests that the increased tau phosphorylation at S396/404 and S262 sites may be induced by Hsp27 through enhancement of GSK3β activity in the mouse cerebellum. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical fractionation of phosphorus in calcareous soils of Hamedan, western Iran under different land use
Authors: Jalali Mohsen , Sajadi Tabar S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe investigated the effects of land uses on P distribution and availability in selected calcareous soils under different management practices. KCl‐P (labile P), NaOH‐P (Fe‐Al‐bound P), HCl‐P (Ca‐bound P), and residual P (Res‐P) fractions at 0–30 cm depth were determined for soils planted to garlic, orchard, pasture, potato, leafy vegetables, and wheat. Trends in P distribution between chemical fractions were similar between land uses. Ca‐bound P was the most abundant P fraction in the soils, constituting between 61% and 78% of the total P, whereas P associated with labile was less abundant (< 2%). Soils under leafy vegetables and wheat along with pasture presented the highest and lowest values in all fractions of P, respectively. Labile P generally was highest for leafy vegetables and potato. Labile P and Fe‐Al‐bound P comprised < 1.4% and 8% of total P, respectively. Residual P ranged from ≈ 14% (potato and garlic) to 31% (pasture). Long‐term fertilization increased P allocation to inorganic fractions, as Ca‐bound P contained 78% of total P for potato and garlic and 74% for leafy vegetables but 61% for pasture. A strong positive correlation between labile P and Fe‐Al‐bound P (r = 0.534, p < 0.01), labile P and Ca‐bound P (r = 0.574, p < 0.01), Ca‐bound P and Fe‐Al‐bound P (r = 0.504, p < 0.01), Olsen‐P and CaCl2‐P (r = 0.821, p < 0.01) was found. Principal‐component analysis showed that the first four components accounted for most of the variation, 32.5%, 16.9%, 12.9%, and 7.9% of total variation, respectively.