bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen zur Anwendung von UHPFRC‐Tübbingen bei der zweischaligen Tunnelbauweise
Authors: Pichler Arnold , Randl Norbert , Juhart Joachim , Schneider Walter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFaserbewehrter Beton wird heute zunehmend auch bei Tunnelbauwerken (Tunnelinnenschalen, Tübbinge) eingesetzt. Wesentliche Vorteile sind das hohe Tragvermögen, das daraus entstehende Einsparungspotential an herkömmlicher stabförmiger Bewehrung (Biegebewehrung, Bügelbewehrung in der Randzone), die Aufnahme von Spaltzugbeanspruchungen durch die Fasern, Rissbreitenbegrenzung, erhöhte Dauerhaftigkeit, verbesserter Brandwiderstand (insbesondere bei Verwendung von Kunststofffasern), Optimierung der Arbeitsabläufe etc. Neue Entwicklungen in der Betontechnologie haben in den letzten Jahrzehnten den faserbewehrten ultrahochfesten Beton (engl. UHPFRC – Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete) hervorgebracht. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird der Einsatz des ultrahochfesten, stahlfaserbewehrten Betons beim zweischaligen Tübbingausbau untersucht. Als Referenzobjekt dient die derzeit im Bau befindliche Tunnelkette Perschling, die im Zuge des viergleisigen Ausbaus der Westbahnstrecke der Österreichischen Bundesbahnen (ÖBB) in Niederösterreich errichtet wird. Ziel der statischen Untersuchung ist es, unter der Randbedingung, dass die maximalen Verformungen des C 40/50‐Normalbetontübbings gemäß Ausschreibungsstatik nicht überschritten werden, herauszufinden, inwieweit die Schalendicke durch Einsatz einer alternativen UHPFRC‐Tübbingschale reduziert und dadurch wirtschaftliche Vorteile generiert werden können.Investigations on the application of Ultra‐High‐Performance‐Fibre‐Reinforced‐Concrete (UHPFRC) tunnel segments at the double shell lining construction.Today fibre reinforced concrete is increasingly applied for tunnel construction (tunnel linings, tunnel segments). The essential benefits are e.g. the higher load bearing capacity, savings potential on the conventional bending and binder reinforcement, the absorption of splitting forces by the fibres, crack width limitation, higher durability, improved fire resistance, optimization of the workflow, etc. Beside the steel fibres carbon or glass fibres and polypropylene fibres are being added increasingly. Recent developments in concrete technology have produced the Ultra‐High‐Performance Fibre‐Reinforced‐Concrete. This work examines the use of UHPFRC at the double shell segmental lining system. As reference object serves the currently constructed tunnel chain Perschling which is part of the four track west railway route extension in Lower Austria. The aim of the analysis is the design of an alternative UHPFRC shell with minimum thickness while maintaining the constraint that the deformations are not exceeding those in the tender design with its C 40/50 reinforced concrete segments.
Fischer‐Tropsch reactors for biofuels production: new technology needed!
Authors: Atkinson Derek 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFinding the technology to produce biofuels in both economically efficient and environmentally friendly ways is still a challenge. In many respects, the tried and tested Fischer‐Tropsch (FT) process seems like a natural choice for this purpose. But, argues Derek Atkinson from Oxford Catalysts, all is not what it seems. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Pharmacokinetic study on the mechanism of interaction of sulfacetamide sodium with bovine serum albumin: a spectroscopic method
Authors: Naik Praveen N. , Chimatadar Shivamurti A. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe binding of sulfacetamide sodium (SAS) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by spectroscopic methods, namely fluorescence, FT‐IR and UV‐vis absorption spectral studies. The binding parameters were evaluated by a fluorescence quenching method. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔH0, ΔS0and ΔG0 were observed to be −49.03 k J mol−1, −99.9 J K−1 mol−1 and −18.96 k J mol−1, respectively. These indicated that the hydrogen bonding and weak van der Waals forces played major roles in the interaction. Based on Förster's theory of non‐radiation energy transfer, the binding average distance, r, between the donor (BSA) and acceptor (SAS) was evaluated and found to be 3.72 nm. The spectral results showed that binding of SAS to BSA induced conformational changes in BSA. The effect of common ions and some of the polymers used in drug delivery for controlled release were also tested on the binding of SAS to BSA. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stearate‐Based Cu Colloids in Methanol Synthesis: Structural Changes Driven by Strong Metal–Support Interactions
Authors: Schimpf Sabine , Rittermeier André , Zhang Xiaoning , Li Zi‐An , Spasova Marina , van den Berg Mauritz W. E. , Farle Michael , Wang Yuemin , Fischer Roland A. , Muhler Martin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMetal stearate‐stabilized Cu nanoparticles, synthesized by an efficient one‐step process, were applied in the continuous liquid‐phase synthesis of methanol. After optimizing the reduction procedure, twofold higher rates of methanol formation were found for Cu–Zn colloids, compared to the conventional ternary Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst applied as fine powder in the liquid phase. Structural changes were investigated as a function of time on stream; after reduction in H2, spherical, well‐separated 5–10 nm Cu particles stabilized by a Zn stearate shell were found. Under catalytic high‐pressure conditions Zn stearate was hydrolyzed forming ZnO. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of triangular ZnO prisms with truncated edges. Applying optimized synthesis conditions these triangularly shaped ZnO particles were found to be mostly attached to the spherical Cu particles. The catalytic results and the structural and spectroscopic characterization suggest that these ZnO particles act as a reservoir, releasing ZnOx species, which diffuse onto the Cu particles and promote the catalytic activity.
Evidential value of physicochemical data—comparison of methods of glass database creation
Authors: Zadora Grzegorz , Neocleous Tereza 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGlass databases used in forensic laboratories are commonly generated by collection of samples from a very small area of many different objects (Method 1). These frequently yield univariate data in the form of refractive indices measured using the Glass Refractive Index Measurement (GRIM) technique, or multivariate data in the form of elemental compositions obtained by the SEM‐EDX technique. We investigate whether the within‐ and between‐object variances and covariances estimated from data collected using Method 1 are as reliable as those obtained from databases formed by samples collected from several areas of an object (Method 2). Reliability of the Method 1‐ and Method 2‐estimated parameters is evaluated in terms of the performance of likelihood ratio (LR) models that measure the evidential value of physicochemical data for forensic purposes. Two‐level random effect models assuming that the within‐object distribution is normal, and that the between‐object distribution is either normal or obtained by kernel density estimation (KDE), are applied to comparison of glass fragments of known origin, and the rates of false positive and false negative answers recorded. These rates are similar for Methods 1 and 2 for the refractive index (RI) data, and Method 1 performs better than Method 2 for elemental composition data, suggesting that the current method of database generation is appropriate for the estimation of these sources of variability for glass samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of the σ2 Receptor Ligand PB28 with the Human Nucleosome: Computational and Experimental Probes of Interaction with the H2A/H2B Dimer
Authors: Abate Carmen , Elenewski Justin , Niso Mauro , Berardi Francesco , Colabufo Nicola Antonio , Azzariti Amalia , Perrone Roberto , Glennon Richard A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSigma‐2 (σ2) binding sites are an emerging target for anti‐neoplastic agents due to the strong apoptotic effect exhibited by σ2 agonists in vitro and the overexpression of these sites in tumor cells. Nonetheless, no σ2 receptor protein has been identified. Affinity chromatography using the high‐affinity σ2 ligand PB28 and human SK‐N‐SH neuroblastoma cells was previously utilized to identify σ2 ligand binding proteins, specifically histones H1, H2A, H2B, and H3.3a. To rationalize this finding, homology modeling and automated docking studies were employed to probe intermolecular interactions between PB28 and human nucleosomal proteins. These studies predicted interaction of PB28 with the H2A/H2B dimer at a series of sites previously found to be implicated in chromatin compaction and nucleosomal assembly. To experimentally verify this prediction, a competitive binding assay was performed on the reconstituted H2A/H2B dimer using [3H]PB28 as radioligand, and an IC50 value of 0.50 nM was determined for PB28 binding. In addition, [3H]PB28 was found to accumulate with up to a fivefold excess in nuclear fractions over cytosolic fractions of SK‐N‐SH and MCF7 cells, indicating that PB28 is capable of entering the nucleus to interact with histone proteins. In conjunction with computational results, these data suggest that PB28 may exert its cytotoxic effect through direct interaction with nuclear material.
Self‐Assembly of Thiophene‐ and Furan‐Appended Methanofullerenes with Poly(3‐Hexylthiophene) in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Troshin Pavel A. , Khakina Ekaterina A. , Egginger Martin , Goryachev Andrey E. , Troyanov Sergey I. , Fuchsbauer Anita , Peregudov Alexander S. , Lyubovskaya Rimma N. , Razumov Vladimir F. , Sariciftci N. Serdar 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNovel fullerene derivatives bearing thiophene and furan residues were synthesized and studied as electron acceptor materials in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, together with poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the donor polymer. Some compounds showed large nanomorphological inhomogenities in blends with P3HT; in particular, clusters with dimensions in the range of 100–1000 nm were formed. However, some blends that showed such large clusters yielded at the same time high power conversion efficiencies in photovoltaic devices, approaching 3.7 %. This is in sharp contrast with previously studied systems, in which a substantial phase separation always resulted in a poor photovoltaic performance. We assume that the attachment of thienyl or furyl groups to the fullerene cage results in a certain ordering of the designed fullerene derivatives I–IX with P3HT in photoactive blends. Both the fullerene derivative and P3HT might assemble via π–π stacking of the thiophene units to form the nanostructures observed in the films by optical and atomic force microscopy. The presence of ordered donor and acceptor counterparts in these nanostructures results in superior photovoltaic device operation.
Cellular mechanisms of posterior neural tube morphogenesis in the zebrafish
Authors: Harrington Michael J. , Chalasani Kavita , Brewster Rachel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe zebrafish is a well established model system for studying neural development, yet neurulation remains poorly understood in this organism. In particular, the morphogenetic movements that shape the posterior neural tube (PNT) have not been described. Using tools for imaging neural tissue and tracking the behavior of cells in real time, we provide the first comprehensive analysis of the cellular events shaping the PNT. We observe that this tissue is formed in a stepwise manner, beginning with merging of presumptive neural domains in the tailbud (Stage 1); followed by neural convergence and infolding to shape the neural rod (Stage 2); and continued elongation of the PNT, in absence of further convergence (Stage 3). We further demonstrate that cell proliferation plays only a minimal role in PNT elongation. Overall, these mechanisms resemble those previously described in anterior regions, suggesting that, in contrast to amniotes, neurulation is a fairly uniform process in zebrafish. Developmental Dynamics 239:747–762, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Speed estimation of induction motor drive using d‐axis slot harmonics and parameter identification method
Authors: Noguchi Toshihiko , Onaka Masahito 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a rotor speed estimation technique of an induction motor, which utlizes slot harmonics on the d‐axis caused by permeance variation across the air gap. The frequency of the slot harmonics is a multiple of the actual rotor speed, and is proportional to the number of rotor slots. In order to extract the slot harmonics, a novel adaptive bandpass filter incorporating coordinate transformation is proposed, which is effective to estimate the rotor speed from 400 to 2000 rpm. This rotor speed estimation is applied to a field‐oriented controller as well as a speed controller. In addition, performance improvement is carried out by compensating a motor parameter mismatch. Feasibility of the proposed technique is confirmed through several tests, using a prototype experimental setup. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 171(2): 50–58, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20901
Mechanism of simultaneous tripping of ground directional relays in a 6.6‐kV distribution system
Authors: Suzuki Naoto 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn Kyushu Electric Power's 6.6‐kV distribution system, after a single‐phase ground fault occurred in the circuit of a distribution line, we experienced a phenomenon in which the analogue ground directional relays of the other circuits linked to the same bank were simultaneously tripped. In this paper, focus is placed on the mechanism and possibility of simultaneous tripping of ground directional relays. This mechanism was examined in an experiment carried out using an analogue simulator. The results of the test revealed that such simultaneous tripping was attributable to the neutral instability phenomenon of grounding potential transformers installed in an isolated neutral system. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 171(2): 23–30, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20919
Real‐time compensation for positioning performance using on‐line parameter identification and initial value compensation
Authors: Hirose Noriaki , Terachi Yasuhisa , Kawafuku Motohiro , Iwasaki Makoto , Hirai Hiromu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractVariations and/or uncertainties in environments of mechatronic systems, such as electrical/mechanical parameter changes and nonlinear components, generally deteriorate the motion control performance. In our research, the fast and precise position settling performance for parameter variations in positioning devices can be improved by techniques of an on‐line parameter identification and an initial value compensation. The proposed technique allows the positioning systems to be adaptive and robust for unknown parameter variations. The effectiveness of the approach has been verified by numerical simulations and experiments using a prototype. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 171(2): 40–49, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20926
Treatment of collagen‐induced arthritis by Natura‐α via regulation of Th‐1/Th‐17 responses
Authors: Glatigny Simon , Blaton Marie‐Agnès , Mencher Simon K. , Mistou Sylvie , Lucas Bruno , Fournier Catherine , Wang Long G. , Chiocchia Gilles 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCytokines and CD4+ Th cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Among the Th populations, Th‐1 and Th‐17 have been described as pathogenic in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) whereas Th‐2 and Treg were found to have protective effects. The objective of this study was to examine the affect of Natura‐α, a newly developed cytokine regulator, on CIA and on Th cell development. Natura‐α treatment was administered before or during arthritis induction. Anti‐type II collagen antibodies and cytokine expression were evaluated by ELISA. Emergence of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Th‐17 differentiation of naive CD4 T cells was assessed in cultures with anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD28. We showed that Natura‐α both prevented and treated CIA. We further demonstrated that in vivo treatment with Natura‐α inhibited IL‐17 production and anti‐type II collagen IgG development. We showed in vitro, using an APC‐free system, that Natura‐α acted directly on differentiating T cells and inhibiting the formation of Th‐1 and Th‐17 cells but did not affect Th‐2 cells. Since Natura‐α inhibits a large spectrum of important pathogenic factors in CIA, it may provide a new and powerful approach to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
The in vitro derivation of phenotypically mature and diverse B cells from immature spleen and bone marrow precursors
Authors: Roundy Kirstin M. , Jacobson Amanda C. , Weis Janis J. , Weis John H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe capacity of immature B cells of the spleen and bone marrow to differentiate in vitro into cells representing mature end stage cells was investigated using B‐cell activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) and Notch pathway activators. Immature splenic and bone marrow B cells were found, in the presence of both of these activators, to mature into cells with follicular mature (FM) and marginal zone (MZ) cell phenotypes. Such cells were functionally responsive to B‐cell‐specific activation. The derivation in vitro of cells with an MZ phenotype was more robust from CD23− populations than CD23+ immature/transitional B cells, suggesting a direct immature/T1 B cell to MZ cell differentiation pathway. Transcript analysis of the in vitro‐derived B‐cell populations demonstrated expression profiles similar to maturing B cells in vivo. FACS‐purified populations of B220+CD19+CD21−CD23− cells from bone marrow of 2‐wk‐old mice gave rise to populations of CD21+CD23− cells with MZ cell phenotypes as well as CD21+CD23+ cells with FM cell phenotypes in percentages similar to those found in vivo. These data suggest that the commitment to an MZ and FM B cell phenotype is set prior to immature B‐cell release from the marrow.
How chronic viral infections impact on antigen‐specific T‐cell responses
Authors: Frebel Helge , Richter Kirsten , Oxenius Annette 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPersistent viral infections are, by definition, associated with ineffective antiviral immunity, in particular those infections caused by viruses that are highly productive and replicative (including HIV, HBV and HCV). The reasons for ineffective antiviral immunity in these types of infections are complex and manifold, and only recently a more comprehensive picture of the parameters responsible for attenuation of immune function is emerging. One reason for poor viral control in these types of infections is the functional deterioration of antiviral T‐cell responses and understanding the underlying mechanisms is of key importance. This review summarizes our current knowledge of cell‐intrinsic and cell‐extrinsic parameters that contribute to T‐cell exhaustion during chronic viral infections and discusses related implications for host survival, immunopathology, and control of infection.
Selective Synthesis of Functional Alkynylmono‐ and ‐trisilanes
Authors: Hoffmann Florian , Wagler Jörg , Roewer Gerhard 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe selective synthesis of functional alkynylsilanes RC≡C–(SiMe2)m–X (m = 1, 3) was investigated. Monofunctionalization with or without protecting groups gave moderate to good yields of alkynyldimethylmonosilanes RC≡CMe2SiX [R = Ph, X = Cl (1), NEt2 (2), OMe (3), H (4), Br (5), I (6), Cp (8), C5H4Li (10), Ph (11); R = Pr, X = Ph (12)]. Compounds 4 and 8 were converted into the (alkyne)transition‐metal complexes 4·Cp2Mo2(CO)4 (13) and 8·Co2(CO)6 (14), respectively, which were characterized by X‐ray diffraction. Stepwise extension and functionalization of the silane chain starting from 1‐chloro‐2‐(diethylamino)tetramethyldisilane (Et2NMe2Si–SiMe2Cl) yielded the trisilanes Ph–(SiMe2)3–X [X = NEt2 (18), OMe (19), Cl (20), H (21), C≡CPh (22), C≡CPr (23)]. The synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, 4, 11, 13, and 14 also by UV/Vis spectroscopy.
Ester Pyrolysis of Carbonates: Bis(benzene hydrate) Carbonate as Potential Precursor for Monomeric Carbonic Acid
Authors: Bucher Götz 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe twofold ester pyrolysis of carbonates, yielding monomeric carbonic acid, was investigated by computational methods. By comparison with CCSD(T)/cc‐pVTZ//B3LYP/cc‐pVTZ benchmark calculations, the M05‐2X method was found to give the most accurate reaction enthalpies among the DFT methods employed. While the first ester pyrolysis of diethyl carbonate, (E)‐bis(acetaldoxime) carbonate or di‐N,N‐dimethylhydroxylamine carbonate will yield the corresponding monocarbonates, these highly labile compounds are predicted to decay via alternative reaction channels that result in the formation of carbon dioxide. Due to competing O–O bond homolyis reactions, dialkyl diperoxycarbonates are predicted to afford at best moderate yields of monomeric carbonic acid upon flash vacuum pyrolysis. The carbonate derived from “benzene hydrate” (cyclohexa‐2,4‐dien‐1‐ol), however, is predicted to be an ideal precursor for monomeric carbonic acid, undergoing ester pyrolysis in a very facile reaction, with no competing bond homolysis processes.
Diversity of volatile organic compound emissions from flowering and vegetative branches of Yeheb, Cordeauxia edulis (Caesalpiniaceae), a threatened evergreen desert shrub
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed A. , Egigu Meseret C. , Kasurinen Anne , Yahya Asha , Holopainen Jarmo K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractYeheb is a shrub endemic to the Horn of Africa. It is adapted to hot and xeric environments and known to be resistant to insect herbivores. We analysed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the headspace of vegetative branches (VBs) and flowering branches (FBs), stored terpenoids from leaf and bark extracts and foliar total phenolics. Isoprene was the dominant compound in the headspace. In total, 66 VOCs were identified, but only a few stored terpenes were detected. Isoprene and monoterpene emissions from FBs were at levels of 24.0 and 5.12 μg/g dw (dry weight)/h, respectively. A total of 30 compounds were emitted at significantly higher rates from FBs than from VBs. The emission of large quantities of a diverse range of VOCs and the presence of high levels of total phenolics in this plant may be attributed to its defence strategy against both abiotic and biotic stresses in arid environments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.