bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjoint Synthesis for Trans‐Oceanic Tsunami Waveforms and Simultaneous Inversion of Fault Geometry and Slip Distribution
Authors: Takagawa Tomohiro , Allgeyer Sébastien , Cummins Phil 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTsunamis propagate over long distances and can cause widespread damage even after crossing ocean basins. Prediction of tsunamis in distant areas based on observations near their sources is critical to mitigating damage. In recent years, the accuracy of numerical models of trans‐oceanic tsunami propagation has improved significantly due to the incorporation of effects such as the solid earth response to tsunami loading and wave dispersion. However, these models are computationally expensive and have not been fully utilized for real‐time prediction. Here, we derive the adjoint operator for the linear set of equations describing deep‐ocean tsunami propagation and show how a pre‐computed database of adjoint states can achieve rapid synthesis of tsunami waveforms at target sites from nonpoint arbitrary tsunami sources. The adjoint synthesis method allows for an exhaustive parameter search for tsunami source estimation. A method for simultaneous inversion of fault geometry and slip distribution using adjoint synthesis with Sequential Monte Carlo method was proposed and applied to the 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake tsunami. The influence of model accuracy and the amount of observed data on the estimation of tsunami sources and waveforms was examined. It was found that with a highly accurate propagation model, using only a limited amount of observed data produced source and waveform estimates very similar to the final models obtained with much larger data sets. The final inferred fault model involved megathrust slip distributed between the Haida Gwaii trench and the Queen Charlotte fault. The proposed method can also quantify the uncertainty of the waveform forecasts.
Psychiatric adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination: a population-based cohort study in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Kim Hong Jin , Kim Min-Ho , Choi Myeong Geun , Chun Eun Mi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEvidence has suggested an increased risk of psychiatric manifestations following viral infections including coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, psychiatric adverse events (AEs) after COVID-19 vaccination, which were documented in case reports and case series, remain unclear. This study is aimed to investigate the psychiatric AEs after COVID-19 vaccination from a large population-based cohort in Seoul, South Korea. We recruited 50% of the Seoul-resident population randomly selected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) claims database on 1, January, 2021. The included participants (n = 2,027,353) from the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database were divided into two groups according to COVID-19 vaccination. The cumulative incidences per 10,000 of psychiatric AEs were assessed on one week, two weeks, one month, and three months after COVID-19 vaccination. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% Confidence interval (CIs) of psychiatric AEs were measured for the vaccinated population. The cumulative incidence of depression, anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, and somatoform disorders, sleep disorders, and sexual disorders at three months following COVID-19 vaccination were higher in the vaccination group than no vaccination group. However, schizophrenia and bipolar disorders showed lower cumulative incidence in the vaccination group than in the non-vaccinated group. Depression (HR [95% CI] = 1.683 [1.520–1.863]), anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, and somatoform disorders (HR [95% CI] = 1.439 [1.322–1.568]), and sleep disorders (HR [95% CI] = 1.934 [1.738–2.152]) showed increased risks after COVID-19 vaccination, whereas the risks of schizophrenia (HR [95% CI] = 0.231 [0.164–0.326]) and bipolar disorder (HR [95% CI] = 0.672 [0.470–0.962]). COVID-19 vaccination increased the risks of depression, anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, and somatoform disorders, and sleep disorders while reducing the risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Therefore, special cautions are necessary for administering additional COVID-19 vaccinations to populations vulnerable to psychiatric AEs.
Smoking-informed methylation and expression QTLs in human brain and colocalization with smoking-associated genetic loci
Authors: Carnes Megan Ulmer , Quach Bryan C. , Zhou Linran , Han Shizhong , Tao Ran , Mandal Meisha , Deep-Soboslay Amy , Marks Jesse A. , Page Grier P. , Maher Brion S. , Jaffe Andrew E. , Won Hyejung , Bierut Laura J. , Hyde Thomas M. , Kleinman Joel E. , Johnson Eric O. , Hancock Dana B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSmoking is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Smoking is heritable, and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of smoking behaviors have identified hundreds of significant loci. Most GWAS-identified variants are noncoding with unknown neurobiological effects. We used genome-wide genotype, DNA methylation, and RNA sequencing data in postmortem human nucleus accumbens (NAc) to identify cis-methylation/expression quantitative trait loci (meQTLs/eQTLs), investigate variant-by-cigarette smoking interactions across the genome, and overlay QTL evidence at smoking GWAS-identified loci to evaluate their regulatory potential. Active smokers (N = 52) and nonsmokers (N = 171) were defined based on cotinine biomarker levels and next-of-kin reporting. We simultaneously tested variant and variant-by-smoking interaction effects on methylation and expression, separately, adjusting for biological and technical covariates and correcting for multiple testing using a two-stage procedure. We found >2 million significant meQTL variants (padj < 0.05) corresponding to 41,695 unique CpGs. Results were largely driven by main effects, and five meQTLs, mapping to NUDT12, FAM53B, RNF39, and ADRA1B, showed a significant interaction with smoking. We found 57,683 significant eQTL variants for 958 unique eGenes (padj < 0.05) and no smoking interactions. Colocalization analyses identified loci with smoking-associated GWAS variants that overlapped meQTLs/eQTLs, suggesting that these heritable factors may influence smoking behaviors through functional effects on methylation/expression. One locus containing MUSTN1 and ITIH4 colocalized across all data types (GWAS, meQTL, and eQTL). In this first genome-wide meQTL map in the human NAc, the enriched overlap with smoking GWAS-identified genetic loci provides evidence that gene regulation in the brain helps explain the neurobiology of smoking behaviors.
Implementing teleophthalmology services to improve cost-effectiveness of the national eye care system
Authors: Jørgensen E. P. , Muttuvelu D. V. , Peto T. , Natarajan S. , Davies J. , Keane P. A. , Ehlers Lars Holger 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background and purpose
Optometrist-assisted and teleophthalmology-enabled referral pathway (OTRP) for community optometry referrals has the potential to improve the capacity and efficiency of eye care delivery systems through risk stratification and limiting the number of improved referrals. This study investigates the expected future costs and benefits of implementing OTRP under various possible organizational set-ups relevant to a Danish context.

Methods
A decision-analytic model (decision tree) with a one-year time horizon was constructed to portray alternative future patient referral pathways for people examined in optometry stores for suspected ocular posterior segment eye disease. The main outcomes were total healthcare costs per patient, average waiting time from eye examination in store until the start of treatment or end of referral pathway, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) gained. The economic evaluation compares the general ophthalmologist referral pathway (GO-RP) with a potential reimbursement model for the optometrist-assisted teleophthalmology referral pathways (R-OTRP) and a procurement model for the optometrist-assisted teleophthalmology referral pathways (P-OTRP).

Results
The cost per individual with suspected ocular posterior segment eye disease was estimated to be £116 for GO-RP and £75 and £94 for P-OTRP and R-OTRP respectively. The average waiting time for diagnosis or end of referral pathway was 25 weeks for GO-RP and 5.8 and 5.7 for P-OTPR and R-OTPR respectively. QALY gain was 0.15 for P-OTRP/R-OTRP compared to 0.06 for GO-RP.

Conclusion
OTRP is effective in reducing unnecessary referrals and waiting times, increasing patients’ HRQoL, and decreasing the costs of diagnosing individuals with suspected ocular posterior segment eye disease.
Multicolour stretchable perovskite electroluminescent devices for user-interactive displays
Authors: Chun Fengjun , Zhang Binbin , Gao Yuyu , Wei Xiaohe , Zhang Qiang , Zheng Weilin , Zhou Jingkun , Guo Yang , Zhang Xin , Xing Zhifeng , Yu Xinge , Wang Feng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWearable displays require mechanical deformability to conform to the skin, as well as long-term stability, multicolour emission and sufficient brightness to enable practically useful applications. However, endowing a single device with all the features remains a challenge. Here we present a rational material design strategy and simple device-manufacturing process for skin-conformable perovskite-based alternating-current electroluminescent (PeACEL) devices. These devices exhibit a narrow emission bandwidth (full-width at half-maximum, <37 nm), continuously tuneable emission wavelength (468–694 nm), high stretchability (400%) and adequate luminance (>200 cd m−2). The approach leverages a new class of perovskite zinc sulfide (PeZS) phosphors, consisting of ZnS phosphors coated with perovskite nanoparticles for electrical excitation via total intraparticle energy transfer. This strategy results in pure red and green emissions and expands the colour gamut of powder-based ACEL devices by 250%. Moreover, our processing technique facilitates the integration of PeACEL displays with wearable electronics, enabling applications in dynamic interactive displays and visual real-time temperature monitoring. These PeACEL displays offer new routes in flexible electronics and hold potential for the development of efficient artificial skins, robotics and biomedical monitoring devices.
Mechanisms of neutralization of toxSAS from toxin–antitoxin modules
Authors: Dominguez-Molina Lucia , Kurata Tatsuaki , Cepauskas Albinas , Echemendia-Blanco Dannele , Zedek Safia , Talavera-Perez Ariel , Atkinson Gemma C. , Hauryliuk Vasili , Garcia-Pino Abel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Toxic small alarmone synthetase (toxSAS) enzymes constitute a family of bacterial effectors present in toxin–antitoxin and secretion systems. toxSASs act through either translation inhibition mediated by pyrophosphorylation of transfer RNA (tRNA) CCA ends or synthesis of the toxic alarmone adenosine pentaphosphate ((pp)pApp) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, exemplified by FaRel2 and FaRel, respectively. However, structural bases of toxSAS neutralization are missing. Here we show that the pseudo-Zn2+ finger domain (pZFD) of the ATfaRel2 antitoxin precludes access of ATP to the pyrophosphate donor site of the FaRel2 toxin, without affecting recruitment of the tRNA pyrophosphate acceptor. By contrast, (pp)pApp-producing toxSASs are inhibited by Tis1 antitoxin domains though occlusion of the pyrophosphate acceptor-binding site. Consequently, the auxiliary pZFD of AT2faRel is dispensable for FaRel neutralization. Collectively, our study establishes the general principles of toxSAS inhibition by structured antitoxin domains, with the control strategy directly coupled to toxSAS substrate specificity.
Proteomic analysis of cardiorespiratory fitness for prediction of mortality and multisystem disease risks
Authors: Perry Andrew S. , Farber-Eger Eric , Gonzales Tomas , Tanaka Toshiko , Robbins Jeremy M. , Murthy Venkatesh L. , Stolze Lindsey K. , Zhao Shilin , Huang Shi , Colangelo Laura A. , Deng Shuliang , Hou Lifang , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Walker Keenan A. , Ferrucci Luigi , Watts Eleanor L. , Barber Jacob L. , Rao Prashant , Mi Michael Y. , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Hornikel Bjoern , Sidney Stephen , Houstis Nicholas , Lewis Gregory D. , Liu Gabrielle Y. , Thyagarajan Bharat , Khan Sadiya S. , Choi Bina , Washko George , Kalhan Ravi , Wareham Nick , Bouchard Claude , Sarzynski Mark A. , Gerszten Robert E. , Brage Soren , Wells Quinn S. , Nayor Matthew , Shah Ravi V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite the wide effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on metabolic, cardiovascular, pulmonary and neurological health, challenges in the feasibility and reproducibility of CRF measurements have impeded its use for clinical decision-making. Here we link proteomic profiles to CRF in 14,145 individuals across four international cohorts with diverse CRF ascertainment methods to establish, validate and characterize a proteomic CRF score. In a cohort of around 22,000 individuals in the UK Biobank, a proteomic CRF score was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (unadjusted hazard ratio 0.50 (95% confidence interval 0.48–0.52) per 1 s.d. increase). The proteomic CRF score was also associated with multisystem disease risk and provided risk reclassification and discrimination beyond clinical risk factors, as well as modulating high polygenic risk of certain diseases. Finally, we observed dynamicity of the proteomic CRF score in individuals who undertook a 20-week exercise training program and an association of the score with the degree of the effect of training on CRF, suggesting potential use of the score for personalization of exercise recommendations. These results indicate that population-based proteomics provides biologically relevant molecular readouts of CRF that are additive to genetic risk, potentially modifiable and clinically translatable.
Cognitive control training with domain-general response inhibition does not change children’s brains or behavior
Authors: Ganesan Keertana , Thompson Abigail , Smid Claire R. , Cañigueral Roser , Li Yongjing , Revill Grace , Puetz Vanessa , Bernhardt Boris C. , Dosenbach Nico U. F. , Kievit Rogier , Steinbeis Nikolaus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCognitive control is required to organize thoughts and actions and is critical for the pursuit of long-term goals. Childhood cognitive control relates to other domains of cognitive functioning and predicts later-life success and well-being. In this study, we used a randomized controlled trial to test whether cognitive control can be improved through a pre-registered 8-week intervention in 235 children aged 6–13 years targeting response inhibition and whether this leads to changes in multiple behavioral and neural outcomes compared to a response speed training. We show long-lasting improvements of closely related measures of cognitive control at the 1-year follow-up; however, training had no impact on any behavioral outcomes (decision-making, academic achievement, mental health, fluid reasoning and creativity) or neural outcomes (task-dependent and intrinsic brain function and gray and white matter structure). Bayesian analyses provide strong evidence of absent training effects. We conclude that targeted training of response inhibition does little to change children’s brains or their behavior.
Sustainable conversion of polyethylene plastic bottles into terephthalic acid, synthesis of coated MIL-101 metal–organic framework and catalytic degradation of pollutant dyes
Authors: Zhou Fujiang , He Danfeng , Ren Guojian , Yarahmadi Hossein 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPersistent environmental colored compounds, resistant to biodegradation, accumulate and harm eco-systems. Developing effective methods to break down these pollutants is crucial. This study introduces Ag-MIL-101 (Ag-MIL-101) as a composite and reusable catalyst that efficiently degrades specific colored organic pollutants (COPs) like Methylene blue (MB), 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP), and 4-Nitroaniline (4-NA) using sodium borohydride at room temperature. The MIL-101 was synthesized using Terephthalic acid (TPA) derived from the degradation of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic waste, with the assistance of zinc chloride. To further investigation, the kinetics of degradation reaction was studied under optimized conditions in the presence of Ag-MIL-101 as catalyst. Our results demonstrated the remarkable efficiency of the degradation process, with over 93% degradation achieved within just 8 min. The catalyst was characterized using FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and TEM. In this study, the average particle size of Ag-MIL-101 was determined using SEM and XRD analysis. These methods allow us to accurately and precisely determine the particle size. We determined the reaction rate constants for the degradation of each COP using a pseudo first-order kinetic equation, with values of 0.585, 0.597 and 0.302 min−1 for MB, 4-NP, and 4-NA, respectively. We also evaluated the recyclability of the catalyst and found that it could be reused for up to three cycles with only a slight decrease in efficiency (10–15%). Overall, our findings highlight the promising application of Ag-MIL-101 as an effective catalyst for the degradation of COPs, emphasizing the importance of optimizing reaction conditions to achieve enhanced efficiency.
Dome versus single-cut osteotomies for correction of long bone deformities—technical considerations
Authors: Zindel Christoph , Hodel Sandro , Fürnstahl Philipp , Schweizer Andreas , Fucentese Sandro F. , Vlachopoulos Lazaros 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCorrective osteotomy allows to improve joint loading, pain and function. In complex deformities, the biggest challenge is to define the optimal surgical solution, while considering anatomical, technical and biomechanical factors. While the single-cut osteotomy (SCOT) and focal dome osteotomy (FDO) are well-established treatment options, their mathematical relationship remain largely unclear. The aim of the study was (1) to describe the close mathematical relationship between the SCOT and FDO and (2) to analyze and introduce a novel technique—the stepped FDO—as a modification of the classic FDO. The mathematical background and relationship of SCOT and FDO are described for the example of a femoral deformity correction and visualized using a 3D surface model taking into account the benefits for the clinical application. The novel modifications of the stepped FDO are introduced and its technical and clinical feasibility demonstrated. Both, SCOT and FDO, rely on the same deformity axis that defines the rotation axis k for a 3D deformity correction. To achieve the desired correction using a SCOT, the resulting cutting plane is perpendicular to k, while using a FDO will result in a cylindrical cut with a central axis parallel to k. The SCOT and FDO demonstrate a strong mathematical relation, as both methods rely on the same deformity axis, however, resulting in different cutting planes. These characteristics enable a complementary use when defining the optimal type of osteotomy. This understanding enables a more versatile planning approach when considering factors as the surgical approach, biomechanical characteristics of fixation or soft tissue conditions. The newly introduced stepped FDO facilitates an exact reduction of the bone fragments and potentially expands the clinical applicability of the FDO.
Gut microbiome and inflammation among athletes in wheelchair in a crossover randomized pilot trial of probiotic and prebiotic interventions
Authors: Valido Ezra , Capossela Simona , Glisic Marija , Hertig-Godeschalk Anneke , Bertolo Alessandro , Stucki Gerold , Flueck Joelle Leonie , Stoyanov Jivko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDisorders related to gut health are a significant cause of morbidity among athletes in wheelchair. This pilot feasibility trial aims to investigate whether probiotics compared to prebiotics can improve inflammatory status and gut microbiome composition in elite athletes in wheelchair. We conducted a 12-week, randomized, cross-over controlled trial involving 14 elite Swiss athletes in wheelchair. Participants were given a multispecies-multistrain probiotic or prebiotic (oat bran) daily for 4 weeks (Clinical trials.gov NCT04659408 09/12/2020). This was followed by a 4-week washout and then crossed over. Thirty inflammatory markers were assessed using bead-based multiplex immunoassays (LegendPlex) from serum samples. The gut microbiome was characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing of stool DNA samples. Statistical analyses were conducted using linear mixed-effect models (LMM). At baseline, most athletes (10/14) exhibited low levels of inflammation which associated with higher gut microbiome alpha diversity indices compared to those with high inflammation levels. The use of probiotic had higher decrease in 25 (83%) inflammatory markers measured compared to prebiotic use. Probiotic has the potential in lowering inflammation status and improving the gut microbiome diversity. The future trial should focus on having sufficient sample sizes, population with higher inflammation status, longer intervention exposure and use of differential abundance analysis.
Tannic acid modified keratin/sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan biocomposite hydrogels with good mechanical properties and swelling behavior
Authors: Zhu Liqing , Ouyang Fenfen , Fu Xue , Wang Yimei , Li Ting , Wen Min , Zha Guodong , Yang Xue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNatural polymer-based hydrogels have demonstrated great potential as wound-healing dressings. They help to maintain a moist wound environment as well as promote faster healing. In this work, a multifunctional hydrogel was prepared using keratin, sodium alginate, and carboxymethyl chitosan with tannic acid modification. Micro-morphology of hydrogels has been performed by scanning electron microscopy. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy reveals the presence of hydrogen bonding. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels were examined using a universal testing machine. Furthermore, we investigated several properties of the modified hydrogel. These properties include swelling rate, water retention, anti-freezing properties, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, hemocompatibility evaluation and cell viability test in vitro. The modified hydrogel has a three-dimensional microporous structure, the swelling rate was 1541.7%, the elastic modulus was 589.74 kPa, the toughness was 211.74 kJ/m3, and the elongation at break was 75.39%, which was similar to the human skin modulus. The modified hydrogel also showed inhibition of S. aureus and E. coli, as well as a DPPH scavenging rate of 95%. In addition, the modified hydrogels have good biological characteristics. Based on these findings, the K/SA/CCS hydrogel holds promise for applications in biomedical engineering.