bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Locus of the Gratton Effect in Picture–Word Interference
Authors: Van Maanen Leendert , Van Rijn Hedderik 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBetween‐trial effects in Stroop‐like interference tasks are linked to differences in the amount of cognitive control. Trials following an incongruent trial show less interference, an effect suggested to result from the increased control caused by the incongruent previous trial (known as the Gratton effect). In this study, we show that cognitive control not only results in a different amount of interference but also in a different locus of the interference. That is, the stage of the task that shows the most interference changes as a function of the preceding trial. Using computational cognitive modeling, we explain these effects by a difference in the amount of processing of the irrelevant dimension of the stimulus.
A Generalized Model for Predicting Postcompletion Errors
Authors: Ratwani Raj M. , Gregory Trafton J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA postcompletion error is a type of procedural error that occurs after the main goal of a task has been accomplished. There is a strong theoretical foundation accounting for postcompletion errors (Altmann & Trafton, 2002; Byrne & Bovair, 1997). This theoretical foundation has been leveraged to develop a logistic regression model of postcompletion errors based on reaction time and eye movement measures (Ratwani, McCurry, & Trafton, 2008). This study further develops and extends this predictive model by (a) validating the model and the general set of predictors on a new task to test the robustness of the model, and (b) determining which specific theoretical components are most important to postcompletion error prediction.
Statistics of the zeros of zeta functions in families of hyperelliptic curves over a finite field
Authors: Faifman Dmitry , Rudnick Zeév 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe study the fluctuations in the distribution of zeros of zeta functions of a family of hyperelliptic curves defined over a fixed finite field, in the limit of large genus. According to the Riemann hypothesis for curves, the zeros all lie on a circle. Their angles are uniformly distributed, so for a curve of genus g a fixed interval ℐ will contain asymptotically 2g∣ℐ∣ angles as the genus grows. We show that for the variance of number of angles in ℐ is asymptotically (2/π2)log (2g∣ℐ∣) and prove a central limit theorem: the normalized fluctuations are Gaussian. These results continue to hold for shrinking intervals as long as the expected number of angles 2g∣ℐ∣ tends to infinity.
On some modular representations of the Borel subgroup of GL2(Qp)
Authors: Berger Laurent 
Published: December 2009

AbstractColmez has given a recipe to associate a smooth modular representation Ω(W) of the Borel subgroup of GL2(Qp) to a $\overline {\mathbf {F}}_p$-representation W of $\mathrm {Gal}(\overline {\mathbf {Q}}_p / \mathbf {Q}_p)$ by using Fontaine’s theory of (φ,Γ)-modules. We compute Ω(W) explicitly and we prove that if W is irreducible and dim (W)=2, then Ω(W) is the restriction to the Borel subgroup of GL2(Qp) of the supersingular representation associated to W by Breuil’s correspondence.
A C0-estimate for the parabolic Monge–Ampère equation on complete non-compact Kähler manifolds
Authors: Chau Albert , Tam Luen-Fai 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this article we study the Kähler–Ricci flow, the corresponding parabolic Monge–Ampère equation and complete non-compact Kähler–Ricci flat manifolds. Our main result states that if (M,g) is sufficiently close to being Kähler–Ricci flat in a suitable sense, then the Kähler–Ricci flow has a long time smooth solution g(t) converging smoothly uniformly on compact sets to a complete Kähler–Ricci flat metric on M. The main step is to obtain a uniform C0-estimate for the corresponding parabolic Monge–Ampère equation. Our results on this can be viewed as parabolic versions of the main results of Tian and Yau [Complete Kähler manifolds with zero Ricci curvature. II, Invent. Math. 106 (1990), 27–60] on the elliptic Monge–Ampère equation.
Safe time limits of aortic cross-clamping and cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery
Authors: Nissinen Juha , Biancari Fausto , Wistbacka Jan-Ola , Peltola Timo , Loponen Pertti , Tarkiainen Pekka , Virkkilä Markku , Tarkka Matti 
Published: December 2009

Objectives: We evaluated the impact of aortic cross-clamping time (XCT) and cardiopulmonary bypass time (CPBT) on the immediate and late outcome after adult cardiac surgery and attempted to identify their safe time limits. Methods: This study includes 3280 patients who underwent adult cardiac surgery of various complexities. Myocardial protection was achieved with tepid continuous antegrade/retrograde blood cardioplegia. Results: Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed that XCT (area under the curve, AUC: 0.66), CPBT (AUC: 0.73) and CPBT with unclamped aorta (AUC: 0.77) were significantly associated with 30-day postoperative mortality. XCT of increasing 30-minute intervals (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.21, 95%C.I. 1.01-1.52) and CPBT of increasing 30-minute intervals (OR 1.47, 95%C.I. 1.27-1.71) were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. The best cutoff value for XCT was 150 min (30-day death: 1.8% vs. 12.2%, adjusted OR 3.07, 95%C.I. 1.48-6.39, accuracy 91.5%) and for CPBT 240 min (30-day death: 1.9% vs. 31.5%, adjusted OR 8.78, 95%C.I. 4.64-16.61, accuracy 96.0%). These parameters were significantly associated also with postoperative morbidity, particularly with postoperative stroke. Conclusions: XCT and CPBT are predictors of immediate postoperative morbidity and mortality. In our experience, cardiac procedures with CPBT<240 min and XCT<150 min were associated with a rather low risk of immediate postoperative adverse events independently of the complexity of surgery patient’s operative risk.
Optimizing treatment of von Willebrand disease by using phenotypic and molecular data
Authors: Rodeghiero Francesco , Castaman Giancarlo , Tosetto Alberto 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe wide clinical spectrum of von Willebrand disease (VWD), its complex pathophysiology and its classification into distinct quantitative (type 1 or type 3) and qualitative (type 2) types with further subtle distinctions have prevented most clinicians from establishing a straightforward approach to diagnosing and treating this inherited bleeding disorder. The results of studies involving large cohorts of patients with a wide range of bleeding manifestations and variable von Willebrand factor (VWF) reduction have recently become available. These data have allowed the proposal of minimal criteria for a clinically useful diagnosis and for differentiating patients with mild VWD from subjects with borderline or only slightly reduced VWF levels who will not benefit from a specific diagnosis. These criteria are based on measurement of VWF ristocetin cofactor (VWF:RCo), VWF antigen (VWF:Ag), factor VIII and a standardized bleeding score (BS). Demonstration of the inheritance of the disorder could help to classify patients for whom insufficient hemostatic challenges may produce a falsely reassuring BS (like in children). Using this approach, mild VWD appears to be mostly composed of type 1 cases. Complemented by the results of desmopressin trial infusion, these parameters form the basis for a clinically oriented classification of all forms of VWD and may be useful for selecting the best treatment according to the severity of the disease. Although few molecular data have revealed practical utility, there is no doubt that the clarification of the molecular pathophysiology of VWD has allowed the unification of this complex disorder into a simple conceptual framework. This framework underlies the proposed utilization of simple phenotypic markers for optimizing treatments in individual patients.
Drug-induced thrombocytopenia: pathogenesis, evaluation, and management
Authors: George James N. , Aster Richard H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlthough drugs are a common cause of acute immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in adults, the drug etiology is often initially unrecognized. Most cases of drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DITP) are caused by drug-dependent antibodies that are specific for the drug structure and bind tightly to platelets by their Fab regions but only in the presence of the drug. A comprehensive database of 1301 published reports describing 317 drugs, available at www.ouhsc.edu/platelets, provides information on the level of evidence for a causal relation to thrombocytopenia. Typically, DITP occurs 1 to 2 weeks after beginning a new drug or suddenly after a single dose when a drug has previously been taken intermittently. However, severe thrombocytopenia can occur immediately after the first administration of antithrombotic agents that block fibrinogen binding to platelet GP IIb-IIIa, such as abciximab, tirofiban, and eptifibatide. Recovery from DITP usually begins within 1 to 2 days of stopping the drug and is typically complete within a week. Drug-dependent antibodies can persist for many years; therefore, it is important that the drug etiology be confirmed and the drug be avoided thereafter.
Mechanisms of anti-D action in the prevention of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
Authors: Brinc Davor , Lazarus Alan H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAnti-D is routinely and effectively used to prevent hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) caused by the antibody response to the D antigen on fetal RBCs. Anti-D is a polyclonal IgG product purified from the plasma of D-alloimmunized individuals. The mechanism of anti-D has not been fully elucidated. Antigenic epitopes are not fully masked by anti-D and are available for immune system recognition. However, a correlation has frequently been observed between anti-D-mediated RBC clearance and prevention of the antibody response, suggesting that anti-D may be able to destroy RBCs without triggering the adaptive immune response. Anti-D-opsonized RBCs may also elicit inhibitory FcγRIIB signaling in B cells and prevent B cell activation. The ability of antigen-specific IgG to inhibit antibody responses has also been observed in a variety of animal models immunized with a vast array of different antigens, such as sheep RBCs (SRBC). This effect has been referred to as antibody-mediated immune suppression (AMIS). In animal models, IgG inhibits the antibody response, but the T-cell response and memory may still be intact. IgG does not mask all epitopes, and IgG-mediated RBC clearance or FcγRIIB-mediated B-cell inhibition do not appear to mediate the AMIS effect. Instead, IgG appears to selectively disrupt B cell priming, although the exact mechanism remains obscure. While the applicability of animal models of AMIS to understanding the true mechanism of anti-D remains uncertain, the models have nevertheless provided us with insights into the possible IgG effects on the immune response.
Newborn screening for non-sickling hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Hoppe Carolyn C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe hemoglobinopathies encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders associated with mutations in both the alpha-globin and beta-globin genes. Non-sickling disorders are found primarily in individuals of Mediterranean, Asian and Southeast Asian ancestry. With rapid growth in the Asian and Hispanic segments of the US population, the geographic distribution of hemoglobinopathies is expected to become significantly different from what it is today. The epidemiologic changes in the prevalence of non-sickling hemoglobin disorders have important implications for future public health programs, including newborn screening.The purpose of newborn screening for hemoglobinopathies is to identify clinically significant disorders and provide early education and specialized care prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Although newborn screening for sickle cell disease is mandated in all states, screening for non-sickling hemoglobinopathies is directed in only one state and limited to reporting of a presumptive diagnosis in most other states. Early delivery of comprehensive care, as well as new and potentially curative therapies, has significantly improved the prognosis for affected patients. This review will consider the increasing prevalence of once uncommon hemoglobinopathies in the US, highlighting the rationale for expanding newborn screening beyond sickle cell disorders.
Hereditary hemochromatosis: insights from the Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening (HEIRS) Study
Authors: McLaren Gordon D. , Gordeuk Victor R. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Hemochromatosis comprises a group of inherited disorders resulting from mutations of genes involved in regulating iron metabolism. The multicenter, multi-ethnic Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening (HEIRS) Study screened ~100,000 participants in the US and Canada, testing for HFE mutations, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. As in other studies, HFE C282Y homozygosity was common in Caucasians but rare in other ethnic groups, and there was a marked heterogeneity of disease expression in C282Y homozygotes. Nevertheless, this genotype was often associated with elevations of serum ferritin and transferrin saturation and with iron stores of more than four grams in men but not in women. If liver biopsy was performed, in some cases because of evidence of hepatic dysfunction, fibrosis or cirrhosis was often found. Combined elevations of serum ferritin and transferrin saturation were observed in non-C282Y homozygotes of all ethnic groups, most prominently Asians, but not often with iron stores of more than four grams. Future studies to discover modifier genes that affect phenotypic expression in C282Y hemochromatosis should help identify patients who are at greatest risk of developing iron overload and who may benefit from continued monitoring of iron status to detect progressive iron loading.
Molecular mechanisms of normal iron homeostasis
Authors: Zhang An-Sheng , Enns Caroline A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Humans possess elegant control mechanisms to maintain iron homeostasis by coordinately regulating iron absorption, iron recycling, and mobilization of stored iron. Dietary iron absorption is regulated locally by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling and iron-regulatory proteins (IRPs) in enterocytes and systematically by hepatic hepcidin, the central iron regulatory hormone. Hepcidin not only controls the rate of iron absorption but also determines iron mobilization from stores through negatively modulating the function of ferroportin, the only identified cellular iron exporter to date. The regulation of hepatic hepcidin is accomplished by the coordinated activity of multiple proteins through different signaling pathways. Recent studies have greatly expanded the knowledge in the understanding of hepcidin expression and regulation by the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, the erythroid factors, and inflammation. In this review, we mainly focus on the roles of recently identified proteins in the regulation of iron homeostasis.
Non-invasive assessment of tissue iron overload
Authors: Fischer Roland , Harmatz Paul R. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in non-invasive iron measurement, especially of the liver and heart, in patients with iron overload. Serum ferritin still remains an essential monitoring parameter in intervals between liver iron measurements; however, confounding factors such as inflammation, chelation treatment changes and the specific disease have to be taken into account. Liver iron measurements can now routinely be performed in clinical applications either by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the transverse magnetic relaxation rate R2 or R2* (1/T2*) or by biomagnetic liver susceptometry. For iron measurements in the heart, the single-breathhold multi-echo MRI-R2* method has become a standard modality and is now applied in clinical settings beyond research studies. In other tissues like the pancreas, pituitary, and brain, different MRI methods are employed, but their clinical benefit has yet to be proven.
ASH evidence-based guidelines: should asymptomatic patients with antiphospholipid antibodies receive primary prophylaxis to prevent thrombosis?
Authors: Metjian Ara , Lim Wendy 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
A 35-year-old female presents with a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) on routine testing, which is found to be due to a lupus anticoagulant. She has no medical issues, no personal or family history of thrombosis, no history of pregnancy loss, and no symptoms suggestive of an underlying rheumatologic disorder. She is a non-smoker and does not take oral contraceptives. You are asked to provide recommendations regarding the need for primary thromboprophylaxis. As you begin your literature search, you formulate the following clinical question: “In asymptomatic patients with antiphospholipid antibodies, does primary prophylaxis prevent thrombotic complications?”
Pathogenesis of thrombosis
Authors: Furie Bruce 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The hemostatic process is a host defense mechanism to preserve the integrity of the closed high pressure circulatory system. This process must remain inactive but poised to minimize extravasation of blood from the vasculature following tissue injury. Given the complexity of the hemostatic mechanism, paradigms developed from biochemical and cell biological approaches have been revisited by studying thrombus formation in a live animal by intravital microscopy. Many of these paradigms have proven accurate, but others need to be reconsidered given the results of whole animal experiments.
ASH evidence-based guidelines: statins in the prevention of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Evans Natalie S. , Green David 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
A 42-year-old woman under your care for the management of obesity calls you because she has a sister who had a pulmonary embolism. The patient recently read that statin medications are associated with a lower risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and wonders whether she should take a statin drug to prevent the development of pulmonary emboli.
Pregnancy-associated thrombosis
Authors: James Andra H. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The main reason for the increased risk of thromboembolism in pregnancy is hypercoagulability, which has likely evolved to protect women from the bleeding challenges of miscarriage and childbirth. Women are at a 4- to 5-fold increased risk of thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period compared with when they are not pregnant. Eighty percent of the thromboembolic events in pregnancy are venous, with an incidence of 0.49 to 1.72 per 1000 pregnancies. Risk factors include a history of thrombosis, inherited and acquired thrombophilia, maternal age greater than 35, certain medical conditions, and various complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Despite the increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) during pregnancy and the postpartum period, most women do not require anticoagulation. Candidates include women with current VTE, a history of VTE, thrombophilia and a history of poor pregnancy outcome, or risk factors for postpartum VTE. The intensity of the anticoagulation will depend on the indication and the monitoring will depend on the intensity. At the time of delivery, anticoagulation should be manipulated to reduce the risk of bleeding complications while minimizing the risk of thrombosis. There are no large trials of anticoagulants in pregnancy, and recommendations are based on case series, extrapolations from nonpregnant patients and the opinion of experts. Nonetheless, anticoagulants are believed to improve the outcome of pregnancy for women who have, or have had, VTE.
Prevention of venous thromboembolism: consensus, controversies, and challenges
Authors: Selby Rita , Geerts William 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe last 50 years have witnessed a multitude of publications evaluating the efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness of many different thromboprophylaxis interventions. There is widespread consensus that thromboprophylaxis safely reduces morbidity and mortality. More than 25 evidence-based guidelines, published since 1986, also recommend routine thromboprophylaxis in the majority of hospitalized patients. As a result, thromboprophylaxis is recognized as a key safety priority for hospitals. Some of the remaining areas of controversy that will be discussed in this paper include the role of individual risk assessments to determine thrombosis risk and prophylaxis, replacement of low-dose heparin by low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), the optimal duration of prophylaxis, the role of combined thromboprophylaxis modalities, the safety of anticoagulant prophylaxis with regional analgesia, the use of LMWHs in chronic renal insufficiency, and the emerging role of new oral anticoagulants as thromboprophylactic agents. Despite the overwhelming evidence supporting thromboprophylaxis, rates of thromboprophylaxis use remain far from optimal. Successful implementation strategies to bridge this knowledge:care gap are the most important current challenges in this area. These strategies must be multifaceted, utilizing local, systems-based approaches as well as legislation and incentives that reinforce best practices.
ASH evidence-based guidelines: what is the role of inferior vena cava filters in the perioperative prevention of venous thromboembolism in bariatric surgery patients?
Authors: Rajasekhar Anita , Crowther Mark A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA 38-year-old morbidly obese male (BMI > 50 kg/m2) presents for an elective gastric bypass surgery. He has no personal or family history of venous thromboembolism or hypercoaguability. You are asked by his primary team whether he should receive a retrievable inferior vena cava filter preoperatively for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.
Integrative therapies for children with hematological malignancies
Authors: Kelly Kara M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Evidence for integrative therapies (IT) in children with hematological malignancies is slowly evolving. The ideal model of integrative pediatric oncology would offer IT modalities that are deemed safe and effective in conjunction with effective conventional medical treatments. Because of potential interactions, herbs and other dietary supplements should be used with caution, especially during active therapy. Health and wellness should be the emphasis, with IT therapies supporting health promotion and key disease prevention strategies for childhood cancer survivors. All uses, responses, and effects of IT therapies should be carefully documented. A desire to use IT therapies may be an effort to become an active participant in the healing process. Health care providers should encourage, not discourage, this partnership.
Supplements for immune enhancement in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Sze Daniel Man-Yuen , Chan Godfrey Chi-Fung 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis brief review aims to discuss the various cellular immunological aspects and related mechanisms of the use of specific components from traditional herbal medicines. We begin with lessons learned from thalidomide as an effective single drug with multiple mechanisms of action to treat multiple myeloma. Examples of “supplements” or integrative therapy will be drawn from arsenic trioxide, medicinal mushrooms including Coriolus vesicular and Ganoderma lucidum, followed by the discussion of beta-glucans affecting various immunological important cellular subsets. Different classes of compounds may enhance distinct immune cell populations that might contribute to a multi-targeted holistic effects on anti-cancer treatment. Finally, we conclude by highlighting an herbal formulation PHY906 as a potential adjunct to chemotherapy that might become one of the first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved oral herbal medicines for anti-cancer adjunct treatment.