bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress and health in novice and experienced nursing students
Authors: Jimenez Cristobal , Navia‐Osorio Pilar Martínez , Diaz Carmen Vacas 
Published: January 2010

jimenez c., navia‐osorio p.m. & diaz c.v. (2010) Stress and health in novice and experienced nursing students. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(2), 442–455.AbstractTitle.  Stress and health in novice and experienced nursing students Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to identify the differences in novice and experienced nursing students’ reports of stress and health.Background.  Stress from clinical practice and its impact are international yet culturally mediated phenomena. Nursing students are under considerable stress during clinical practice periods, putting their education and health at risk. However, there is little or no empirical evidence about the stress suffered by nursing students and its impact on their health throughout clinical practice.Methods.  We performed cross‐sectional research using standard information gathering tools. This study was carried out with 357 students from all 3 years of a nursing diploma programme at a Spanish nursing college (71% response rate). The data were collected over an 8‐month period in 2004–2005.Findings.  We identified three types of stressors (clinical, academic and external) and two categories of symptoms (physiological and psychological) linked to clinical practice. Factor analysis identified six major sources of stress and six important symptoms. Students perceived clinical stressors more intensely than academic and external stressors, and showed psychological symptoms more frequently than physiological symptoms. Nursing students from all 3 years perceived moderate stress at similar levels. Experienced students perceived more academic stressors than novices. Although the students were healthy, second year students were the most vulnerable to somatic and psychic anxiety, and common symptoms.Conclusion.  We suggest informing students about possible stressors associated with their profession, and introducing interventions to support development of professionalism, social skills and coping capacity for clinical practice.
Detection of patient risk by nurses: a theoretical framework
Authors: Despins Laurel A. , Scott‐Cawiezell Jill , Rouder Jeffrey N. 
Published: January 2010

despins l.a., scott‐cawiezell j. & rouder j.n. (2010) Detection of patient risk by nurses: a theoretical framework. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(2), 465–474.AbstractTitle.  Detection of patient risk by nurses: a theoretical framework. Aim.  This paper is a description of a theoretical framework of how nurses detect and interpret patient risk signals in the context of organizational attitudes and procedures related to patient safety.Background.  The ability to detect when patients are at increased risk for harm is a challenge faced by nurses worldwide. How nurses are able to discriminate patient risk warning signals from background noise is not well understood. Also, the impact of system‐level factors on nurses’ signal detection capabilities has not been investigated.Data sources.  Computerized database searches were used to identify nursing, organizational science, and cognitive psychology literature from 1964 to 2009 pertinent to the framework.Discussion.  The patient risk detection theory synthesizes concepts of signal detection theory and high reliability theory. Signal detection theory explains the decision‐making processes of nurses as they scan for signals of potential patient harm. High reliability theory explains how nurses’ signal detection capacities are facilitated when healthcare settings operate as high reliability organizations making patient safety the top priority.Conclusion.  The patient risk detection theory facilitates understanding of both individual and organizational factors that influence nurses’ ability to detect risk in complex healthcare settings. It can be used to guide research on interventions to enhance signal detection by nurses and increase patient safety in today’s complex care environments. The theory can also be used to guide design of training programmes that permit nurses to develop practical skills in signal detection.
Cystatin C and risk of vascular and nonvascular mortality: a prospective cohort study of older men
Authors: Emberson J. R. , Haynes R. , Dasgupta T. , Mafham M. , Landray M. J. , Baigent C. , Clarke R. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract.  Emberson JR, Haynes R, Dasgupta T, Mafham M, Landray MJ, Baigent C, Clarke R (University of Oxford, Oxford, UK). Cystatin C and risk of vascular and nonvascular mortality: a prospective cohort study of older men. J Intern Med 2010; 268: 145–154.Objective.  To assess the relevance of cystatin C, as a marker of mild‐to‐moderate renal impairment, for vascular and nonvascular mortality in older people.Design.  Prospective cohort study.Setting.  Re‐survey in 1997 to 1998 of survivors in the 1970 Whitehall study of London civil servants.Subjects.  Five thousand three hundred and seventy‐one men (mean age at resurvey: 77 years) who took part in the resurvey and had plasma cystatin C concentration measured.Main outcome measures.  Cause‐specific mortality over subsequent 11 years (1997 to 2008).Methods.  Cox regression was used to estimate the associations of cystatin C with vascular and nonvascular mortality, before and after adjustment for prior disease and other risk factors (including lifetime blood pressure).Results.  During an 11.0‐year follow‐up period, there were 1171 deaths from vascular causes [26 per 1000 per year (py)] and 1615 deaths from nonvascular causes (36 per 1000 py). Compared with men with cystatin C in the bottom fifth of the distribution, men in the top 10th had about two‐fold higher mortality rates from vascular and nonvascular mortality (fully adjusted P both <0.001) even after adjustment for prior disease and all measured confounders, including lifetime blood pressure. The fully adjusted relative risks per 50% higher cystatin C concentrations were 1.66 [95% CI 1.48 to 1.85] for vascular mortality, 1.92 [95% CI 1.66 to 2.22] for ischaemic heart disease mortality and 1.46 [95% CI 1.31 to 1.61] for nonvascular mortality.Conclusions.  In older men, plasma concentration of cystatin C, probably as a marker of mild renal disease, is a strong independent predictor of both vascular and nonvascular mortality.
Effect of gender on prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Venskutonyte L. , Malmberg K. , Norhammar A. , Wedel H. , Rydén L. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract.  Venskutonyte L, Malmberg K, Norhammar A, Wedel H, Rydén L (Karolinska Institute, Stockholm; and Nordic School of Public Health, Göteborg; Sweden). Effect of gender on prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes. J Intern Med 2010; 268:75–82.Background.  Diabetes is associated with a markedly increased cardiovascular risk, but the role of gender on the combined effects of diabetes and myocardial infarction has been less well explored.Methods.  The Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction 2 (DIGAMI2) trial recruited 837 men and 416 women with type 2 diabetes hospitalized due to myocardial infarction and followed for a median of 2.1 years. The effects of gender on diabetes‐specific risk factors and conventional cardiovascular risk predictors of unfavourable outcome were analysed using a Cox proportional hazards model.Results.  Women were older, more frequently had hypertension and previous heart failure than men, and were more often treated with diuretics. More men were smokers. Treatment during hospitalization, at discharge and during follow‐up, did not differ significantly, apart from the more frequent use of diuretics in women. Total mortality did not differ between genders, but the combined cardiovascular end‐point of death, re‐infarction or stroke was more common in women (38.9% vs. 32.1%). This difference disappeared after age adjustment. Age and previous heart failure were independent risk predictors in both genders, whereas diabetes complications were an additional risk factor in women only. Blood glucose level at randomization and updated glucose concentration during follow‐up were independent predictors of poor outcome in men but not in women.Conclusions.  Age and not gender itself explained the increased cardiovascular event rate seen in women compared with men. A heavier risk factor burden was seen amongst women. Improved risk factor control instituted before the development of a myocardial infarction should be attempted as a possible means of improving the outcome.
Novel tuberculosis vaccination strategies based on understanding the immune response
Authors: Kaufmann S. H. E. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract.  Kaufmann SHE (Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany). Novel tuberculosis vaccination strategies based on understanding the immune response (Foresight). J Intern Med 2010; 267: 337–353.The current tuberculosis (TB) vaccine bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) fails to protect against adult pulmonary TB. Yet, its capacity to control miliary TB in newborn infants forms the basis for development of novel vaccine candidates. These either exploit genetic modification of BCG to create a viable replacement vaccine or use BCG to prime the immune response followed by boost with a novel subunit vaccine. This could ultimately result in a combination vaccination schedule comprising a prime with a live BCG replacement followed by a subunit vaccine boost. Ultimately, vaccination strategies that achieve sterile eradication of, or prevent infection with, tubercle bacilli would be an ambitious highly promising goal.
Mating system variation and morph fluctuations in a polymorphic lizard
Authors: OLSSON MATS , HEALEY MO , WAPSTRA ERIK , SCHWARTZ TONIA , LEBAS NATASHA , ULLER TOBIAS 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn polymorphic male painted dragon lizards (Ctenophorus pictus), red males win staged contests for females over yellow males, and yellow males have greater success in staged sperm competition trials than red males. This predicts different reproductive strategies in the wild with red males being more coercive or better mate guarders than yellow males. Yellow males would be expected to sire more offspring per copulation and have a greater proportion of offspring from clutches with mixed paternity. However, here we show using microsatellites that the frequency of mixed paternity in the wild is low (< 20% on average across years), that all morphs on average have the same number of offspring sired per year, and that mating system variation (polyandry vs. monandry) is strongly correlated with perch density on male territories. Furthermore, a logistic regression on male successful vs. unsuccessful mate acquisition showed that red males were under negative selection when they dominated the population, which suggests ongoing frequency dependent selection on male colouration.
Ever deeper phylogeographies: trees retain the genetic imprint of Tertiary plate tectonics
Authors: HAMPE ARNDT , PETIT RÉMY J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChanges in species distributions after the last glacial maximum (c. 18 000 years bp) are beginning to be understood, but information diminishes quickly as one moves further back in time. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Magri et al. (2007) present the fascinating case of a Mediterranean tree species whose populations preserve the genetic imprints of plate tectonic events that took place between 25 million years and 15 million years ago. The study provides a unique insight into the pace of evolution of trees, which, despite interspecific gene flow, can retain a cohesive species identity over timescales long enough to allow the diversification of entire plant and animal genera.
Microbial diversity and community structure in Fynbos soil
Authors: SLABBERT ETIENNE , KONGOR RAPHAEL Y. , ESLER KAREN J. , JACOBS KARIN 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Fynbos biome in South Africa is renowned for its high plant diversity and the conservation of this area is particularly important for the region. This is especially true in the case of endangered vegetation types on the lowlands such as Sand Fynbos, of which only small fragments remain. The question is thus whether the diversity of the above‐ground flora is mirrored in the below‐ground microbial communities. In order to determine the relationship of the above‐ and below‐ground communities, the soil community composition of both fungal and bacterial groups in Sand Fynbos was characterized over space and time. A molecular approach was used based on the isolation of total soil genomic DNA and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis of bacterial and fungal communities. Soil from four different sites was compared to resolve the microbial diversity of eubacterial and fungal groups on a local (alpha diversity) scale as well as a landscape scale (beta diversity). The community structures from different sites were compared and found to exhibit strong spatial patterns which remained stable over time. The plant community data were compared with the fungal and the bacterial communities. We concluded that the microbial communities in the Sand Fynbos are highly diverse and closely linked to the above‐ground floral communities.
Species discovery in marine planktonic invertebrates through global molecular screening
Authors: GOETZE ERICA 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSpecies discovery through large‐scale sampling of mitochondrial diversity, as advocated under DNA barcoding, has been widely criticized. Two of the primary weaknesses of this approach, the use of a single gene marker for species delineation and the possible co‐amplification of nuclear pseudogenes, can be circumvented through incorporation of multiple data sources. Here I show that for taxonomic groups with poorly characterized systematics, large‐scale genetic screening using a mitochondrial DNA marker can be a very effective approach to species discovery. Global sampling (120 locations) of 1295 individuals of 22 described species of eucalanid copepods identified 15 novel evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) within this marine holoplanktonic family. Species limits were tested under reciprocal monophyly at the mitochondrial (mt) gene 16S rRNA, and 13 of 15 lineages were reciprocally monophyletic under three phylogenetic inference methods. Five of these mitochondrial ESUs also received moderate support for reciprocal monophyly at the independently‐inherited nuclear gene, internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Additional support for the utility of mt DNA as a proxy for species boundaries in this taxon is discussed, including results from related morphological and biogeographic studies. Minimal overlap of intra‐ESU and inter‐ESU 16S rRNA genetic distances was observed, suggesting that this mt marker performs well for species discovery via molecular screening. Sampling coverage required for the discovery of new ESUs was found to be in the range of >50 individuals/species, well above the sampling intensity of most current DNA Barcoding studies. Large‐scale genetic screening can provide critical first data on the presence of cryptic species, and should be used as an approach to generate systematic hypotheses in groups with incomplete taxonomies.
The myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) gene product zinc finger protein 9 (ZNF9) is associated with sarcomeres and normally localized in DM2 patients' muscles
Authors: Massa R. , Panico M. B. , Caldarola S. , Fusco F. R. , Sabatelli P. , Terracciano C. , Botta A. , Novelli G. , Bernardi G. , Loreni F. 
Published: January 2010

R. Massa, M. B. Panico, S. Caldarola, F. R. Fusco, P. Sabatelli, C. Terracciano, A. Botta, G. Novelli, G. Bernardi and F. Loreni (2010) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology36, 275–284 The myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) gene product zinc finger protein 9 (ZNF9) is associated with sarcomeres and normally localized in DM2 patients' muscles Aims: Myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is caused by a [CCTG]n intronic expansion in the zinc finger protein 9 (ZNF9) gene. As for DM1, sharing with DM2 a similar phenotype, the pathogenic mutation involves a transcribed but untranslated genomic region, suggesting that RNA toxicity may have a role in the pathogenesis of these multisystem disorders by interfering with common cellular mechanisms. However, haploinsufficiency has been described in DM1 and DM2 animal models, and might contribute to pathogenesis. The aim of the present work was therefore to assess ZNF9 protein expression in rat tissues and in human muscle, and ZNF9 subcellular distribution in normal and DM2 human muscles. Methods: Polyclonal anti‐ZNF9 antibodies were obtained in rabbit, high pressure liquid chromatography‐purified, and used for Western blot, standard and confocal immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling electron microscopy on a panel of normal rat tissues and on normal and DM2 human muscles. Results: Western blot analysis showed that ZNF9 is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues, and that its signal is not substantially modified in DM2 muscles. Immunofluorescence studies showed a myofibrillar distribution of ZNF9, and double staining with two non‐repetitive epitopes of titin located it in the I bands. This finding was confirmed by the visualization of ZNF9 in close relation with sarcomeric thin filaments by immunogold labelling electron microscopy. ZNF9 distribution was unaltered in DM2 muscle fibres. Conclusions: ZNF9 is abundantly expressed in human myofibres, where it is located in the sarcomeric I bands, and no modification of this pattern is observed in DM2 muscles.
Transcripts from a novel BMPR2 termination mutation escape nonsense mediated decay by downstream translation re‐initiation: implications for treating pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Hamid R , Hedges LK , Austin E , Phillips JA , Loyd JE , Cogan JD 
Published: January 2010

Hamid R, Hedges LK, Austin E, Phillips III JA, Loyd JE, Cogan JD. Transcripts from a novel BMPR2 termination mutation escape nonsense mediated decay by downstream translation re‐initiation; implications for treating pulmonary hypertension. Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) gene mutations are a major risk factor for heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH), an autosomal dominant fatal disease. We have previously shown that BMPR2 transcripts that contain premature termination codon (PTC) mutations are rapidly and nearly completely degraded through nonsense mediated decay (NMD). Here we report a unique PTC mutation (W13X) that did not behave in the predicted manner. We found that patient‐derived cultured lymphocytes (CLs) contained readily detectable levels of the PTC‐containing transcript. Further analysis suggested that this transcript escaped NMD by translational re‐initiation at a downstream Kozak sequence, resulting in the omission of 173 amino acids. Treatment of CLs containing the PTC with an aminoglycoside decreased the truncated protein levels, with a reciprocal increase in full‐length BMPR2 protein and, importantly, BMPR‐II signaling. This is the first demonstration of aminoglycoside‐mediated ‘repair’ of a BMPR2 mutation at the protein level in patient‐derived cells and has obvious implications for treatment of HPAH where no disease‐specific treatment options are available. Our data also suggest the need for a more thorough characterization of mutations prior to labeling them as haploinsufficient or dominant negative based simply on sequencing data.
Genetic implications and health consequences following the Chernobyl nuclear accident
Authors: Kozenko M , Chudley AE 
Published: January 2010

Kozenko M, Chudley AE. Genetic implications and health consequences following the Chernobyl nuclear accident.It has been almost 25 years since the Chernobyl nuclear accident in Ukraine. We review relevant data derived from published reports originating in the Former Soviet Union. We cite census data from Ukraine and research studies from Western Europe that analyzed the effect of radiation on genetics and health outcome in the exposed populations. We also present philatelic materials that pictorially captured that fateful event in history.
BK virus nephropathy after simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation
Authors: Akpinar Edip , Ciancio Gaetano , Sageshima Jun , Chen Linda , Guerra Giselle , Kupin Warren , Roth David , Ruiz Phillip , Burke George 
Published: January 2010

Akpinar E, Ciancio G, Sageshima J, Chen L, Guerra G, Kupin W, Roth D, Ruiz P, Burke G. BK virus nephropathy after simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation.  Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 801–806. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) was reported in up to 7.5% of patients after simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation (SPK). Its management by reduction in immunosuppression might pre‐dispose to pancreatic graft loss.Methods:  A retrospective analysis of 178 SPK recipients was performed. All patients received thymoglobulin, daclizumab and a maintenance of low‐dose steroids, tacrolimus, and either sirolimus or mycophenolate.Results:  Two (1.1%) patients were identified with BKVN. Time of diagnosis was 22 and 45 months after transplant. Both patients had superimposed calcineurin toxicity in their graft biopsies. Immunosuppression was reduced in both patients, and leflunomide (LEF) was used in one patient. Concurrent kidney rejection episodes were treated with steroid pulses in both patients. One kidney graft improved with a last estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 43 mL/min, and another kidney graft showed limited improvement with a last GFR of 30 mL/min. Pancreatic graft function remained excellent in both patients as assessed by serum c‐peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin, amylase‐lipase, and urine amylase levels.Conclusion:  Low incidence of BKVN was observed in our SPK series. Reduction in immunosuppression and sometimes LEF can be effective. The underlying mechanism of stable pancreatic allograft function despite ongoing kidney rejection warrants further investigation.
Transplantation behind the Iron Curtain – a short historical note on the 20th anniversary
Authors: Langer Robert M. 
Published: January 2010

Langer RM. Transplantation behind the Iron Curtain – a short historical note on the 20th anniversary. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 20–22. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract  This article is dedicated to the memory of the pioneers of solid organ transplantation 20 yr after the Iron Curtain was demolished and Eastern European countries joined the free world. Despite the special political and medical conditions that existed, the evolution of transplantation could proceed following Western trends. With the formation of Intertransplant, kidney transplantation was formalized, and a limited organ exchange could be realized. The transplantation of non‐renal organs was rather sporadic until 1989. This paper summarizes the efforts in transplantation in Eastern Europe during this period of tension with the West.